matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR EJECTING WATER FROM THE HOLDS OF STEAM SHIPS OR OTHER VESSELS
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Alfred Huzzey at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 23rd
April 1866.
I, HENRY ALFRED HUZZEY, of Newport, in the County of Monmouth,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVED
APPARATUS FOR EJECTING WATER FROM THE HOLDS OF STEAM SHIPS OR OTHER
VESSELS," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to the ejection of water from the holds of steam
ships or other vessels by means of the direct action of a jet of steam in a pipe,
the lower end or part of which pipe is perforated and is immersed in the water
to be ejected.
The Invention consists principally of a tube or pipe, the lower end of which
is bent in the form of the letter U or an inverted si phon. This part or bend
of the pipe is immersed in the water, and is perforated so as to admit the
water to the interior. The longer leg of the siphon pipe is carried upwards
to where the water is to be discharged, whilst the shorter leg of the same is
carried up only a short distance where it is closed by means of a stuffing box,
through the centre of which passes a steam pipe of much smaller diameter
than the siphon pipe which surrounds it. This pipe is bent to the same curve
as the bend of the siphon pipe, and passing along the centre line of the same

page_text: terminates in a nozzle or open end at or about the level of the water in the
interior of the siphon pipe. The other end of the steam pipe communicates
with a steam boiler, and it is furnished with a stop-cock at any convenient
part.
When it is desired to eject or discharge the water the stop-cock is opened,
and the steam rushing through the open end of the small steam pipe passes
up the siphon pipe, creating a partial vacuum therein and carrying up with
it the water, which is thus discharged or ejected from the upper end of the
said pipe.
IMPROVED MACHINERY FOR UNTWISTING, OPENING, AND CARDING ALL KINDS OF ROPE AND CORDAGE
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Edward Newton at the
Office of the. Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
1st December 1866.-A communication from abroad by William Wilson
Davenport, of Rue St. Sebastien, Paris, in the Empire of France.
I, WILLIAM EDWARD NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery Lane,
in the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVED MACHINERY FOR UNTWISTING, OPENING, AND
CARDING ALL KINDS OF ROPE AND CORDAGE," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to facilitate the untwisting, opening, and
carding of all kinds of twisted cords, string, ropes, or cables made of hemp,
jute, flax, and all other analogous textile fabrics, and to supersede to a great
degree by the aid of machinery the use of manual labour and thereby
consequently to considerably lower the cost price of the opened and prepared
fibres.
In carrying out this Invention I make use of a drum covered with teeth
of requisite strength to suit the nature of the articles to be operated upon.
This drum is mounted in a metal frame, and is made to revolve by means of
bands passed over two pullies, or by other suitable gearing; placed in front of
this drum are four fluted rollers geared together, which serve the purpose of
feeders and holders of the strands to be operated upon. These rollers are
driven by means of a pulley keyed on to the axle of the drum, and this pulley

page_text: gives motion to another pulley; this motion is in turn communicated to three
pullies fixed on the axle of the lower roller, which being geared to the other
rollers must necessarily make them revolve. The use of the three pullies
fixed to the lower rollers is to make the rollers revolve either to the right or
left or stand still according to the will of the operator. The top rollers are
pressed on to the lower rollers by means of levers, at the extremity of which are
attached counterweights; placed in front of these rollers is a metallic spreading
table on which are fixed two or more wedges which serve to separate and
open the strands or yarns of which the cord or rope to be operated upon is
composed; between these wedges and the feeding rollers round teeth are
fixed vertically in the table for the purpose of opening still further the strands
or yarns of the rope or cord; the number of these wedges and vertical teeth
is not limited, but may be varied according to will.
The action of the machine is as follows:-The strands at the ends of the
cords having been opened by hand they are introduced between the feeding
rollers, which will draw them forward, and the wedges and teeth will effectually
separate the strands as they are drawn in between the feed rollers, and from
thence they are passed forward to the toothed drum, whereby the fibres are.
separated and drawn out and delivered in the form of tow.
IMPROVEMENTS IN HOLLOW PROJECTILES
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry James Alderson at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 20th March
1866.
I, HENRY JANES ALDERSON, Captain in the Royal Artillery, Shoeburyness,
in the County of Essex, do hereby declare the nature of tho said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN HOLLOW PROJECTILES," to be as follows:-
The hollow projectiles which form the subject of the present Invention are
to be made of steel or other suitable material properly hardened, and are to
consist of a body and a head. The head which is solid is to be made of a
pointed ogival form, which is the form best calculated to effect penetration.
The bead is to be attached to the body by screwing it on so as to allow of the
bursting charge taking effect in a forward direction. The base of the shell
being solid the bursting charge is to be inserted by the removal of the solid
head by unscrewing the same. The bursting charge may consist either of
gunpowder loose or compressed, or gun cotton, nitro-glycerine, or any other
suitable explosive mixture. The shell may be used either with or without a
fuze, and the charge may if desired be ignited by percussion.
AN IMPROVED CONSTRUCTION OF CERTAIN PARTS OF METALLIC CHESTS, STRONG ROOMS, SAPES, DEED BOXES, AND SUCH LIKE RECEPTACLES
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Deakin at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 21st
February 1866.
I, WILLIAM DEAKIN, of Great Barr, in the County of Stafford, Iron-
master, do hereby declare the nature of my said Invention for "AN
IMPROVED CONSTRUCTION OF CERTAIN PARTS OF METALLIC CHESTS, STRONG ROOMS,
SAPES, DEED BOXES, AND SUCH LIKE RECEPTACLES," to be as follows (that is
to say) :-
My Improvements have for their object entire security from the appli-
cation of indirect means for opening such chests or receptacles to which
my improvements are applied. And this I effect first by forming a groove
around the inside of my door, sufficiently from the edge to allow of a
proper thickness or substance of metal to resist displacement but by actual
destruction.
Secondly, in the forming of a projecting rabbet or fillet around the outer
edge of my door, which fitting into a corresponding rabbet prevents the
insertion of wedges at that part.
Thirdly, in combining the seat for the door in such a manner that the
inner portion bears against the side and top of such receptacles.to which it
may be applied by rivets, screws, or other means, and fitting on the edge of
the sides and ends with a dovetailed joint, so as to prevent the insertion of
wedges or other appliances at the connection between the said seats and

page_text: sides or top of the receptacle. And further the said seat is so formed that
a solid fillet is provided for fitting into the groove on the inside of the door,
while the seat is also extended to form the double rabbet corresponding with
the rabbet on the edge of the door before referred to. The corresponding
rabbet on the edge of the door with the sunken groove before referred to and
the surrounding parts form what may be technically called the stiles and
rails of the door, and which parts are also provided with an extended
flange and double rabbet or dovetail for the purpose of receiving the door
panel or centre part, which is secured to the said stiles and rails by bolts,
screws, rivets, or other appliances going through the said flange, and
wholly or partially through the panel. The portable means of securing
such safes, chests, or receptacles may be of the ordinary construction of
locks, having their bolts arranged as desired, but which bolts may be made
to enter corresponding cavities formed in the inner flange of my before-
described door seat, which. with the rim of the door I purpose making of
steel, and thereby capable of being hardened and tempered, or of iron or the
homogeneous metal. Known as Bessemer's steel, and by preference I adopt
such a section as will admit of producing bars of metal for giving effect to
my improvements by the process of rolling. And .I will observe that
instead of forming the solid fillet for fitting into the groove of the inside
of the door of and with the door seat the same may be formed of the
sides and ends of the chest or receptacle.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN STEAM BOILERS
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Patrick Heyns at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 13th December
1866.
I, PATRICK HEYNS, of the Parish of All Saints, Poplar, in the County of
Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN STEAM BOILERS," to be as follows, that is to say:-
My Invention consists in improvements in the construction of steam
boilers whereby great additional strength is obtained, the generation of steam
greatly facilitated, and greater safety ensured.
These improvements consist, firstly, in constructing steam boilers of all
descriptions with inverted, curved, or curvilinear plates, that is to say, with
the convex surface of the plates placed inwards, the said plates being either
circular, oval, square, or oblong, and of various dimensions, as may be found
desirable according to the size and shape of the boiler.'
Secondly, in placing in the interior of steam boilers in general a float or
indicator connected to a piston passing into an inverted syphon tube in direct
communication with the furnace. When the water falls below a certain
height in the boiler, the float falling with it moves the said piston and opens
a valve in the syphon tube, which allows the steam to escape into the furnace
and extinguishes the fire.
The second part of my improvements is applicable to steam boilers at
IMPROVEMENTS IN PROTECTING IRON SHIPS AND OTHER SUBMERGED STRUCTURES FROM CORROSION AND FOULING
Year: 1866

page_text: "PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Martyn John Roberts at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition," on the
15th March 1866.
I %
I, MARTYN JOHN ROBERTS, of Pendarren, Crickhowell, in the County of
"Brecon, Esquire, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN PROTECTING IRON SHIPS AND OTHER SUBMERGED STRUCTURES
FROM CORROSION AND FOULING," to be as follows:
My Invention consists in protecting iron ships and other submerged
structures as follows:-On the iron bottom, either painted or clean, I attach
zine or other metal which is electro-positive to iron by solder, bolts, or screws,
care being taken that the zinc or other metal electro-positive to iron has a
clean metallic junction or communication with the iron. A little solder here
and there will ensure this metallie junction, which is essential to electrio
action. By this arrangement a galvanic pair is formed, and the iron being
electro-negative to the zinc or other electro-positive metal is thus protected
from corrosion by sea water or acidulated solutions. I then coat the zinc or
other electro-positive metal on the side or face not in contact with the iron
with paint or varnish, which acts as a mechanical aid in preserving the zinc ;
or a composition such as varnish may be used, which will also act as an
electric insulator or separator between the zinc and the copper hereafter
mentioned. Upon the zine or other electro-positive metal I fasten by wooden
treenails or other means, which will not present a metallic surface on the
exterior face of the wood, wooden sheathing or planking diagonally or other-

page_text: wise, and of a sufficient thickness to secure the copper sheathing nails without
permitting the points of these nails to penetrate to the zinc or other metal
electro-positive to copper. Sometimes I secure the wooden planking by bolts
having two diameters, the smaller diameter being passed through the zinc and
iron and screwed tight by a nut inside the ship, while the larger diameter
passes through the planking, the shoulder at the point which separates the
diameters resting on the zinc. The thickness of the planking must be greater
than the length of the larger diameter of the bolt, so that the head of the
bolt may be sunk some distance into the planking, and covered with some
suitable composition to insulate it from the copper. Upon the wooden
planking I fasten a copper sheathing in the usual manner. Thus the iron
ship is protected from corrosion galvanically by the zinc or other electro-
positive metal, and if desired also mechanically by any paint on it. The zinc
is protected from undue corrosion by its own coat of oxide, and also by the
paint. The zino is separated from the copper mechanically by the wood, and
electrically by any insulating paint, and thus no galvanic pair is formed of the
copper and the zinc. The zinc is therefore not unduly wasted, and the copper
not being electrically protected is corroded, so that marine animals and plants
do not adhere to it.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN SIGNAL, STREET, AND OTHER LAMPS, AND IN GAS BURNERS
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Clark at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 28th February
1866.
I, RICHARD CLARK, of Canon Farm, Pinner, in the County of Middlesex,
Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN SIGNAL, STREET, AND OTHER LAMPS, AND IN GAS BURNERS," to be as
follows:-
My improvements in lamps to burn oil, gas, or paraffin employed at the front
or end of railway trains, or employed for denoting the character and course of
a vessel at sea, or in lamps otherwise used for signalling purposes, consist in the
use of clear or colored silvered glass reflectors, or a colored chimney around
the light, to produce a like colored reflection or light in the silvered reflector,
thereby dispensing with the use of the lens for lamps for railway rolling stock
and signal lights.
My improvements also relate to gas lamps for streets. I construct them
of one or more pieces of glass; the side portions of the glass are of a parabolic
form, with the apex downwards; the top is closed in either with metal or glass.
When glass is employed, I prefer that it should be silvered to form a reflector;
when the entire lamp is made of one piece of glass, the glass sides and top may
be formed together in one piece or they may be separate the one from the
other; in some cases I also silver the side of the lamp, in order that the light

page_text: may be reflected into the street as well as on the pavement. I also employ
opal, glass, porcelain, or silvered glass reflectors to the lamps now in use,
and in some cases I make street lamps of the present form, but use a
square silvered reflector within the lamp. In other cases I employ silvered
glass at the top of the lamp (instead of the clear glass now used), my object
being to throw the light on the pavement and the street.
In constructing roof lamps for railway carriages I employ a valve instead of
the screw now used where the lamp is supplied with oil.
My improvements in gas burners consist in the admission of atmosphere
within the outer chimney above the point of ignition of an argand flame; also
in the employment of a chimney within the flame in combination with one
around it; the internal chimney in some cases to be of opal, glass, porcelain,
or silvered glass to refract the light from the interior of the flame. Both
chimnies are made with a flange to be held by fittings to keep them
perpendicular.
In combination with my gas burner I sometimes employ a dome of silvered
glass, as well as drops or spangles of crystal glass when my gas burner is used
as a suspension light.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN APPA- RATUS FOR ECONOMISING FUEL BY RETAINING AND APPLYING HEAT TO THE HEATING OF WATER
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Robinson at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 23rd November
1866.
I, JOHN ROBINSON, of Greenfield, in the County of York, Spinner, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN APPA-
RATUS FOR ECONOMISING FUEL BY RETAINING AND APPLYING HEAT TO THE HEATING
OF WATER," to be as follows:-
My Invention is designed, first, for the purpose of heating the water
supplying the boiler during its circulation or passage through the feed pipes
of steam boilers of stationary engines before such water is injected into the
same. The improvements consist in the arrangement and construction of a
series of eight or more tubes or pipes of large bore placed transversely or
otherwise in the flue immediately behind the boiler; these tubes are sup-
ported in the sides or walls of the flue, the ends of which are arranged so as
to project outside the walls, at which points they are considerably contracted
in, their diameter; these pipes are connected to each other by means of
small bore pipes, and so arranged that the water will flow in a serpentine
course from its entrance into such pipes to its being injected into the boiler;
the chief feature of this part of the Invention being the use of heating pipes
of a large "bore," and contained within the flue, and in connecting them
together by tubes of small bore, whereby the water is considerably retarded
in its passage through them, and is consequently longer under the influence

page_text: of heat, by which means it attains a high degree of heat before being injected
into the boiler.
Secondly, my improvements relate to apparatus for cleaning the exterior
surface of the heating pipes, and for preventing the accumulation of soot or
other particles settling and becoming incrusted thereupon, which interferes
with the heating of the pipes.
The improvements consist, secondly, in the use and employment of a
scraper or scrapers which are formed semicircular, and are caused to bear one
upon each pipe contained within the flue; these semicircular scrapers are
connected by a bar or rod with handles outside the flue in order that they
may be occasionally drawn along the upper surfaces of the pipes, by which
means soot or other particles are prevented accumulating and settling there-
upon.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF PURIFYING GAS, WHEREBY ITS ILLUMINATING PROPERTIES ARE IMPROVED, AND IN THE APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Pierce at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 27th August
1866.
I, WILLIAM PIERCE, of Over Darwen, in the County of Lancaster,
Manufacturing Chemist, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF PURIFYING GAS, WHEREBY ITS
ILLUMINATING PROPERTIES ARE IMPROVED, AND IN THE APPARATUS CONNECTED
THEREWITH," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to the purifying of coal gas and to the improvement
of its illuminating powers by bringing it into contact with a certain light oil
made from tar, or with certain other mineral oils in a heated state, whereby
the gas imbibes or becomes impregnated with an amount of carbon given off
or emanating from the heated oil.
The improvements consist in the application of steam or hot water to the
heating of the said oil, and in the construction and arrangement of the
apparatus for the purpose which may be thus described. The oil is contained
in a suitable vessel, which is also internally fitted with a spiral tube or worm,
or with a shell or "steam jacket," either of which are surrounded with the
oil, and when steam is admitted from a steam chest into the worm or jacket
the oil becomes heated thereby, or if preferred the bottom of the vessel may
be made concave and a jet of hot water or steam may be applied thereto.
This apparatus is attached between the gas meter and the burners, and

page_text: all the gas passing from the meter to the burners is caused to pass through
this chamber or vessel, and thereby becomes impregnated with the gas arising
from the heated oil, which renders the coal gas more pure for burning and
also increases the light obtained therefrom. An opening is provided at the
top of the vessel for supplying oil.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF THE WHEELS OF CARRIAGES FOR CONVEYING COALS AND OTHER MINERALS IN THE WORKING OF MINES
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henri Adrien Bonneville at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 16th
August 1866. A communication from Etienne Pagat, residing at
St. Etienne, in the Empire of France.
I, HENRI ADRIEN BONNEVILLE, of the British and Foreign Patent Offices,
24, Rue du Mont Thabor, Paris, in the Empire of France, and 38, Por-
chester Terrace, Bayswater, in the County of Middlesex, Patent Agent, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF THE WHEELS OF CARRIAGES FOR CONVEYING COALS AND OTHER
MINERALS IN THE WORKING OF MINES," & communication from Etienne Pagat,
a person residing at St. Etienne, in the Empire of France aforesaid, to be as
follows:-
This Invention consists in casting together the wheels of carriages for
conveying coals and other minerals in the working of mines with their grease
boxes so as to form but one piece. The naves of these wheels are covered
with a circular plate of metal simultaneously cast together. The circular
surface of the axletree of the carriage is the bottom of the grease box. The
grease or oil is introduced into the box by a hole on the circular side of the
box; this hole also serves to adjust or fix the wheel to the axletree by means
of a linch pin or screw introduced into this hole, which is afterwards closed
with a cork so as to prevent the grease or oil from running out.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN MECHANISM FOR OPENING AND CLEANING COTTON AND OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Shaw and John Whitaker at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on
the 8th February 1866.
We, JOHN SHAW and JOHN WHITAKER, both of Oldham, in the County
of Lancaster, Cotton Spinners and Doublers, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN MECHANISM FOR OPENING
AND CLEANING COTTON AND OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS," to be as follows:-
Our Invention relates to a novel construction of revolving "beaters
be used in openers, lap machines, and other similar machines employed in
opening and cleaning cotton and fibrous materials. The improvements
consist in securing a number of metallic blades or narrow plates on a
cylinder or on supporting discs in such a position that the blades shall
project as radii, the edge of each blade which comes in contact with the
fibrous material being serrated or toothed, so that as the cylindrical
"beater" revolves the fibres are beaten and combed, and as the flat sides
of the blades act as fans the dirt is expelled therefrom at the same time,
and the fibres are more perfectly "opened" and cleaned by such action
than hitherto.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PREPARING COTTON SEEDS FOR THE PROCESS OF DECORTICATION
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederick Herbert Gossage at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 17th
November 1866.
I, FREDERICK HERBERT GOSSAGE, of Widnes, in the County of Lancaster,
Soap Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN PREPARING COTTON SEEDS FOR THE PROCESS OF DECORTICATION,"
to be as follows:-
In preparing cotton seeds for the process of decortication I place them in
water, submit them to steam or to moisture by other means, which treatment
I have found loosens the kernel from surrounding matters and renders it
capable of being decorticated in an improved manner by the action of rollers
or other suitable apparatus. If rollers be used kernels, husks, and other
matters may pass through together; and these may be separated by ordinary
sieving or by other means.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PAPERHANGINGS
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Paul Marie Balin at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 23rd May
1866.
I, PAUL MARIE BALIN, of 27, Rue Laffitte, Paris, in the Empire of France,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF PAPERHANGINGS," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in the combination of cold embossing with the
printing and other ordinary processes of paperhanging manufacture, the
said embossing being effected by aid of the common screw stamping press,
the construction of which is so modified as to render it applicable to the cold
embossing of varied designs on large surfaces.
In the accompanying Drawing A is the beam of the press mounted on the
screw B; C is the slide piece moving in the collar E, and transmitting the
pressure to the plate D; G, G, are contact pieces fitted to the four corners of
the frame and acting as guides to the slides II, H; F is the bed plate forming
counterpart to the moveable plate D; I is the basement. The designs being
printed on the paper in the usual manner by blocks or rollers are embossed
without the aid of heat by the apparatus above described fitted with dies and
counterparts corresponding with the reliefs to be produced. By the substitution
of this arrangement to the embossing cylinders or hot presses generally employed

page_text: in this branch of manufacture a variety of effects comprising an unlimited variety
of colors are obtained which have hitherto been only produced by the super-
position of several tones and consequent increase in labour and cost. Among the
products obtained by this process may be noted, ornamental card and paste-
boards, imitations of sculptured woods and embossed leathers, paper tracery and
embroideries and other hangings of like nature in which relief effects are or
may be required. By application of the present improvements I am also
enabled to produce with gold or bronze powders the effects hitherto only
obtained by the use of leaf gold or other metal applied by hot pressure to
surfaces prepared with a fusible ground.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN SMELTING IRON ORES, AND IN APPARATUS. USED WITH BLAST FURNACES
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Hobson at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 29th June
1866.
I, HENRY HOBSON, of Newport Road, Middlesbro'-on-Tees, in the County
of York, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN SMELTING IRON ORES, AND IN APPARATUS. USED WITH BLAST FURNACES,"
to be as follows:-―
My Invention consists, first, in causing the blast to pass through and
amongst such a bulk or length of carbonaceous matter that the oxygen in the
blast shall be completely converted and pass into the blast furnace in the state
of carbonic oxide in contradistinction to the blast consisting wholly of atmo-
spheric air, or partly of atmospheric air and partly of carbonic oxide.
Secondly, in so forming, arranging, and placing an auxiliary furnace or
combustion chamber, which may either be built as a separate structure and
supplied with the necessary connections, or be made in one with the blast
furnace, that the last portion or portions of carbonaceous matter required to
complete the formation of carbonic oxide shall be as near as possible, if not
actually contiguous to the interior of the blast furnace. The object of this
is to bring the auxiliary and blast furnace as close as possible, in order to
prevent loss of heat by radiation in its passage from the one to the other.
Thirdly, in arrangements by which a convenient portion of such chamber
may be, at will, severed from the rest by a valve, either of the slide, rotary,
bell, or hinge kind, the opposite end of such portion being also provided with

page_text: such a valve, or door, or lid. These two valves may either be worked in con-
junction in such a manner that when one is shut the other is open, or in such
a manner that both cannot be open at the same time, or they may if preferred
be worked separately. The action of these valves may be thus explained :-
Suppose the the inner valve to be closed and the outer one open, the space
between them is filled with carbonaceous matter (I prefer to feed the chamber
from the top), the outer or top valve is now closed, and the bottom or inner
one opened, the charge falls into the combustion chamber, and the valves
being reversed the feeding may be repeated.
Fourthly, in the heating of the blast of atmospheric air previous to its
being passed into the combustion chamber or auxiliary furnace. To each
blast furnace there may be either one or more auxiliary or combustion
chambers.
An IMPROVED BUNG TURNING LATHE
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Kennan at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 10th April
1866.
I, JAMES KENNAN, of the Firm of Kennan and Sons, of the City of Dublin,
Engineers, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "An
IMPROVED BUNG TURNING LATHE," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in the combination of the three following parts so
as to constitute a machine capable of shaping wooden bungs for casks more
cheaply and expeditiously than has hitherto been effected. The wood is first
prepared roughly in pieces of suitable size without any very exact limit as to
size or shape, except that the area of the piece should not greatly exceed twice.
that of the required bung.
The first part of the apparatus consists of a mandril or revolving spindle,.
which is fitted with a prong chuck to hold the work, and also with one fast
and one loose pulley, and to the metal headstock is fitted a sliding bar with.
forks to guide and retain the belt on either pulley, this sliding bar is actuated
by a lever which oscillates upon a centre below the slide, so that a heavy balk
fitted at its upper end will cause it to retain the slide in whatever position it
may have been placed. The slide bar is also fitted with a friction brake or
drag which comes into action and arrests the revolution of the mandril
immediately that the belt is shifted to the loose pulley.
The second part of the apparatus consists of a poppit or shifting headstock,
having a slide bar fitted with a centre point, such as is generally used in

page_text: wood turning, but this slide bar is pressed firmly against the work by a strong
steel spring, and the means of withdrawing it is by a lever handle working in
a vertical plane, and when desired it is detained by a steel catch piece, so as to
be ready for immediately fixing the piece of wood against the prongs of the
chuck on the revolving spindle in the first part of the apparatus above
described. A buffer spring is attached to the right hand extremity of this
slide bar, so as to prevent injury in case of this catch piece being withdrawn
when the wood is not in its intended position.
The third part of the apparatus consists of a slide rest or bed, which may
be fixed in any desired position between the parts Nos. 1 and 2 on the lathe
shears, and has one slide worked by a lever handle. The tool may be fixed
by a bolt and catch in any position on this slide. The three parts above
described may be placed on a metal or other lathe bed of the ordinary kind,
but it is preferred to make part number 1 and these beds in one metal casting,
planing the surfaces when parts Nos. 2 and 3 are to be fixed, and to support
these beds or shears upon strong cast-iron standards or legs in the usual
With one of these machines 12 bungs may be shaped in, one
minute by one attendant, the mandril revolved by a leather belt from any
suitable prime mover exerting about half a horse-power.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR MAKING EYELETS
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Tomlinson Bousfield at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 6th March 1866.-A communication from abroad by Thomas
Garrick, residing at Providence, Providence County, Rhode Island,
United States of America.
I, GEORGE TOMLINSON BOUSFIELD, of Loughborough Park, Brixton, in
the County of Surrey, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR MAKING EYELETS," to be as follows:-
The said Invention relates to certain peculiarities of construction of the
eyelet forming parts of the machine, having for their object the simplifica-
tion of the machinery and the mode of operation.
The said Invention consists in forming the moveable cutter or punch
which cuts the disk or blank with a mould or matrix in its interior for
moulding or shaping the exterior of the eyelet, and a central cutting cavity
for cutting out and receiving the end punching of the eylet, and in
forming the cutting die, which co-operates with the said punch as described,
with a central hub or core for moulding or shaping the interior of the
eyelet, and a fixed punch, which is made to enter the central cutting cavity
in the moveable cutter or punch for the purpose of punching the end from
the eyelet after it is completely formed.

page_text: The said Invention also relates to the mode of constructing and operating
the clearer for clearing or removing the completed eyelet from the die or
mould as described, where it would otherwise remain and impede the sub-
sequent operations of the machine, and consists of a number, say two or
more, small rods or punches that enter the die from the rear in such a
manner as to strike against the expanded edge or flanch of the eyelet and
eject it from the die surely and without injury,
AN IMPROVED METHOD OF CONSUMING SMOKE IN FURNACES
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Harrison at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 23rd October
1866.
I, WILLIAM HARRISON, of Wharton Green, Winsford, Cheshire, do hereby
déclare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED METHOD OF
CONSUMING SMOKE IN FURNACES," to be as follows:-
The object and intention of this Invention is to obtain a greater amount of
heat with a smaller quantity of coals and with little or no smoke than by the
means beretofore employed for effecting those objects.
The following is an example of the means by which I propose to accom-
plish the above objects:-I lead the smoke from the furnace along one or
more flues, and return the said flue back into the furnace, and pass the said
flue either wholly or only partly through the furnace, the flues being either of
iron, fire-clay, bricks, or other suitable materials. The fine or pipe may
enter the furnace either at the side, back, front, bottom, or top thereof, and
may cross or partly cross the furnace in any direction which may be found
most desirable in practice, and the said pipe or flue may come out of the
furnace at any suitable part thereof, and either be on a level with the furnace
bars or the said pipe or flue may be fixed above the furnace bars or be
suspended in the furnace, but this will depend upon the quantity of heat

page_text: required, and the pipe or flue be arranged accordingly. I propose to have
openings at each end of the pipe or flue that passes through the furnace
for supplying a proper quantity of air into the said pipe or flue for the
combustion of the smoke therein. The smoke thus consumed gives off a
great quantity of heat in the flue leading to the chimney, the flue should be
provided with proper dampers at that end near the furnace to regulate the
quantity of smoke escaping therefrom when firing, I propose also to have an
opening in the flue near the chimney to put in fire to consume the smoke
when the furnace fire is first lighted.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BUILDING BLOCKS OF ARTIFICIAL STONE
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederick Ransome at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 13th
February 1866.
I, FREDERICK RANSOME, of Queen Street Place, Southwark Bridge, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE MANUFACTURE OF BUILDING BLOCKS OF ARTIFICIAL STONE," to be as
follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in the manufacture of
building blocks of artificial stone. I employ a composition of sand, chalk,
or other similar materials mixed with silicate of soda, which is converted
into an insoluble silicate by means of lime, chloride of calcium, or other
substance acting in a similar manner. The proportions may be such as
are set forth in the Specification of a former Patent granted to me and
dated the 9th day of April 1861, No. 877. I mould the composition so
as to form a hollow casing or shell of the length, breadth, depth, and shape
of the required block which it resembles. The shells thus made are to be
placed in the position in which they are required in the structure, and
may then be filled with concrete or rubble and grouted with, cement or
mortar, or they may be filled with solid brickwork or other substances, or
when otherwise required may be left so as to form hollow chambers
or spaces for heating, ventilating, or other purposes. The said blocks or
shells can be moulded on a table mounted on trunnions so that it may be

page_text: turned over the mould frame, and the core or cores are so arranged that they
or the parts of them may be drawn back through corresponding openings.
in the table. The mould being rammed full of the composition by hand
or otherwise, it is then turned over, and the mould frame and core or cores
or parts of them drawn back through the moulding table; the moulded
block or shell is left on a receiving table below.
IMPROVEMENTS IN FLUID COMPASSES
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Ralph Hammersley at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
80th May 1866.
I, WILLIAM RALPH HAMMERSLEY, of Wigmore Street, in the County of
Middlesex, Optician, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN FLUID COMPASSES," to be as follows:-
My improvements in liquid compasses consist in the application of an elastic
box or chamber within the bowl or vessel containing the liquid enveloping the
compass, whereby to maintain an equal pressure of the fluid whatever may be
the temperature to which it is subject. As well understood it is imperative
that the vessel containing the liquid should contain no air, and must therefore
be quite full of liquid, which when it expands by heat is liable to burst the
glass, or in contracting from cold to draw in air. To protect the compass from
derangement under all temperatures I form a chamber of two corrugated
discs of metal connected by a rim which forms a circular box, and dispose the
said box in the body of fluid containing the compass, which is introduced
under sufficient pressure to exclude all air, the bowl containing such fluid
being bermetically sealed. A passage of communication is established
between the interior of the elastic box and the external atmosphere. By the
expansion of the fluid from beat the box is caused to collapse slightly and
express a little of the air contained, while on the contraction of the fluid

page_text: the elastic box or case again expands, air entering the said box and so permit-
ing and ensuring its free action; by this means an equal or nearly equal
pressure of the fluid is maintained in the compass bowl and sufficiently so to
prevent any derangement of the compass while subject to the extremes of
temperatures to which they are liable to be exposed. Instead of arranging
the air to enter the elastic box as before described I sometimes arrange the
air to take effect on the exterior of the said elastic case and the fluid to enter
therein;
for this purpose I form a compartment in the compass bowl or vessel
separated by a suitable partition, into which compartment the external air
has free egress and ingress; I dispose the elastic box in this air compartment
and establish a communication between it and the fluid chamber by a channel
connecting and supporting the elastic box at the centre of one of the discs;
the elastic box is thus free to expand and receive more fluid from the fluid
chamber when the fluid in the said chamber expands from heat, while on its
contracting from cold the fluid again returns into the fluid chamber, the
elastic box at same time contracting and maintaining the equality of pressure
of the fluid necessary for the proper maintainance and working of the compass.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN COTTON GINS
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Lacey Davies at the Office:
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 25th October
1866. A communication from abroad by Frederick Vedova, of Smyrna,
in the Empire of Turkey.
I, JOHN LACEY DAVIES, of the Firm of John Davies and Son, of 4, St.
Ann's Square, Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Patent Agents, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS
IN COTTON GINS," the same being a communication to me from abroad by
Frederick Vedova, of Smyrna, in the Empire of Turkey, to be as follows:→
The Invention relates to that description of "cotton gins" known as the
"double-action Macarthy gin," and is designed to effect the self-feeding of the
raw cotton to the roller and knife, and the improvements consist in securing
the table of the "gin," upon which the cotton is first placed to the rocking
shaft of the "gin," the table being placed at an inclination towards the grid
bars, which bars are bent so as to form a concave or hollow surface, in which
hollow a bar of wood or other suitable material is supported, and which
extends the whole length of the ribs forming the grid, the supports for
this bar are formed of bent rods that are attached to the stays of the rocking..
shaft; thus the table upon which the cotton is placed and also the bent ribs
of the grid and the cross bar having a rising and falling motion imparted to

page_text: them by means of their connections with the rocking shaft, and a second or
lateral reciprocating motion is also given to the said parallel bar by means of
a crank or eccentric, the combination of such motions supplies a regular and
constant feed to the knife and roller of the gin, and thereby greatly economises
time and improves the cleaning power of the gin.
IM- PROVEMENTS IN SPINNING FRAMES
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Blain at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 25th May
1866.
I, THOMAS BLAIN, of Killyleigh, in the County of Down, Ireland, Flax
Mill Manager, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN SPINNING FRAMES," to be as follows:-
In spinning frames as usually constructed the roving as it leaves the hot
or cold water trough enters between the top or retaining rollers, passing thence
to the drawing rollers below; which give it the necessary draft; it then
proceeds direct to the flyer, by which the twist is imparted, and which twist
commences immediately the fibres have quitted the bottom or drawing rollers
before mentioned.
Now my Invention consists in the use and application of a series of retaining
and drawing rollers, that is, of more than two pairs as above described, and I
find that four pairs of rollers answer well, that is, two additional pairs added
below the usual drawing or bottom rollers, or between them and the flyer;
thus the roving has to pass through four pairs of rollers in its passage to the
flyer and previous to receiving any twist.
The top pair act as retaining rollers as before, while the second pair perform
the drawing operation, and also act as retaining rollers for the third pair,
which in their turn draw out the roving, and at the same time act as retaining
rollers for the fourth pair, whence the roving proceeds to the flyer and
receives the twist, immediately after quitting the nip of the said fourth pair
of rollers.

page_text: By this arrangement a given quantity of preparing machinery will supply a
much greater number of spinning spindles than is practicable under the
old arrangement, and an increased production of yarn will result with less
expense. Beading or waste of yarn will be prevented, while a given class
of fibre may be spun considerably finer than by the ordinary method.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN PENHOLDERS, CONSISTING OF AN ARRANGEMENT FOR SUPPLYING THE PEN WITH INк
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Dean and George Alfred
Wheeler at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 20th January 1866.
We, HENRY DEAN, of Wood End, near Fareham, in the County of
Southampton, Surveyor, and GEORGE ALFRED WHEELER, of the same
Place, Surveyor, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"AN IMPROVEMENT IN PENHOLDERS, CONSISTING OF AN ARRANGEMENT FOR SUPPLYING
THE PEN WITH INк," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to provide a penholder so constructed as
to hold the ink and to admit of a continual supply to the pen without the
inconvenience of dipping. The holder consists of a hollow tube, which
can be made of metal, glass, or any other material, and of any convenient
shape and size. There is an indian-rubber spring within the tube placed
in such a position that the pressure of the forefinger or thumb when in use
may be readily applied thereto. The holder is so constructed as to admit
of the use of any common pen. In the bottom of the tube approaching
the nibs of the pen is or are one or more small apertures of such dimen-
sions as when the spring is pressed will admit a sufficient flow of ink from
the holder to the paper without the danger of blotting. The holder being
filled or partly filled with ink, when the spring is pressed it must neces-
sarily either compress the air contained in the tube, or expel through the
aperture the same quantity of ink as the pressure of the spring would
displace; the latter being most easily effected would invariably be the

page_text: result. The spring can be so placed and the apertures can be so relatively
constructed that the natural pressure of the forefinger on the spring will
keep the pen fully supplied with ink, it being so arranged as in no case to
admit of more than a sufficiency of ink; whereas, should the pen at any
time fall short, nothing but a slight additional pressure is required to supply
the deficiency. An opening to fill the tube or holder with ink is afforded
by disconnecting the portion of the holder containing the pen. This
arrangement will also enable the writer to regulate the relative positions
of the spring and pen to suit his own hand. A metal or other cap will in
some instances be necessary to afford protection to the pen, more especially
when required for out-door use. The advantages of this holder are self-
evident, combining cleanliness with simplicity, and we believe that it will
prove of great utility to all classes, more especially to professional and
commercial men. The inconvenience of dipping is completely avoided.
The ink being so little exposed to the atmosphere will retain its limpidity,
and the arrangements will also prevent the possibility of inking the fingers,
whilst the pen can be effectually used until every drop of ink contained in
the holder is exhausted.