and bars.
Year: 1887

page_text: and bars.
I, WALLACE FAIRWEATHER, C.E., of the firm of Cruikshank and Fairweather,
62 Saint Vincent Street in the City of Glasgow, Fellows of the Institute of Patent
Agents, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement :-
This invention relates to improvements in machinery for forming from malleable
iron tubes of rectangular shape in cross section, corrugated headers for use in sectional
steam boilers, said invention being adaptable also to corrugating solid rectangular
bars; and in order that others may understand and use the same 1 will proceed to
describe the details of its construction, explain its operation and subsequently point out
in the appended claims its novel characteristics.
Figure 1, is a central vertical longitudinal section on the line X --- X figure 2, of a
pair of dies in their closed position.
----
Xfigure 1.
Figure 2, a vertical transverse section of the same on the line X¹--
Figure 3, a partial longitudinal section similar to figure 1, but showing the dies in
their open position and figure 4, a transverse section in the same plane as figure 2,
the position corresponding with figure 3.
Figure 5, is a vertical transverse section of figure 1 on the line X--X
Figure 6 is a partial plan view of the upper die trough B.

page_text: Figure 7 a partial exterior elevation of one of the sections of the lower dic.
Figure 8 an end view of both sections of the lower die.
Figure 9, a plan view of Figure 7.
Figure 10, à partial interior elevation of one of the upper die sections ; and
Figure 11, an inverted plan view of figure 10.
Figure 12, is a longitudinal elevation of a pair of dies and mandrel with operating
devices and press partly in section on the line X'. -X' figure 14, and partly in
elevation with the exception of the removal of the caps, a³, as indicated by the
line X3X3 of said figure 14.
Figure 13 is a detail end view of the die carriers or troughs.
Figure 14, is a plan view partly in section on the line y---y of figure 12.
Figure 15, is an end view of the mandrel guides n, n, shown in a relative position
corresponding to that in figure 16.
Figure 16 is a view of the machine similar to figure 12, but showing on a slightly
reduced scale the parts in a different position.
Figure 17, is a plan view also on a slightly reduced scale, similar to figure 14, but
corresponding in the position of the parts shown in figure 16.
Figure 18, is a detail plan view enlarged of parts of the mechanism used for
automatically introducing the mandrel between the dies.
Figure 19, is a sectional elevation on the line y³---y³ of figuro 18.
Figure 20 is a transverse section on the line y---y of figure 18.
Figure 21 is a transverse section of the dies and die carriers on the line y²- - - y²
fig. 12.
Figure 22 is an enlarged side elevation of the mandrel itself.
Figure 23, is a plan view and figure 24 an end view of figure 22.
Figures 25 and 26 are enlarged plan and side views respectively of the mandrel
spreading device, and figures 27, 28, and 29 are enlarged end and side views in detail
of the several parts composing each mandrel block.
Referring to the drawings-A, A and B, B¹ are dies or formers having interior
working faces which present together a rectangular shape in cross-section and are
capable of both vertical and lateral contraction. The vertically acting faces are of
serpentine form longitudinally the several projecting curvatures of either set of dies
corresponding in position with the depressed curvatures in the counterpart faces of
the opposite set.
The lateral vertical faces present plane surfaces throughout the length of the interior
and are composed of interlocking plates or tongues which approximate in width to
each unit of corrugation and project alternately from the upper and lower set of dies
vizt. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, from the upper set and 6, 7, 8, 9, from the lower set of
said dies.
The lateral contractile movement of the dies is acquired by their vertical
longitudinal subdivision into equal sections or pairs, the several inclined
webs, a, a, b, of which engage with the converging interior surfaces of the trough-
like abutments D, E and cause a compression of the halves of the dies toward one
another in a direction at right angles to the motion of the abutments during the act of
corrugation.
The sections A and A, B, and B₁ of the upper and lower dies are retained in their
proper coinciding relations to one another by means of the bolts e, e, and ƒ, f
respectively, the heads of which are contained in countersunk sockets, as shown in
fig. 5, which are sufficiently countersunk to allow a separation of the sections
to the extent shown in fig. 4, at the time when the dies are separated. Similar
bolts g, (fig. 4) are employed to suspend the upper die sections in the abutment. D,
but the same have also a transverse elongation of their sockets in the said
abutment, shown by fig. 6, provided in order to permit the lateral movement of the
said section. In the present instance the lower die sections are in turn suspended
to the upper sections by means of bolts or bars c which project through vertical
slots c', formed in several of the inclined webs a, a, b, said slots being of

page_text: be
of the
sufficient combined vertical length to permit the necessary motion of the dies; the
B¹ may
bolts c, being retained in place by spring pins c. However the sections B,.
connected independently to the abutment E, by bolts similar to the bolts
sections A, A' and incident to this construction the lower pair of dies may be provided
with suitable springs interposed beneath, between them and the abutment E, to
serve the purpose of lifting and releasing them from lateral compression between
the inclines of said abutment E, when it is desired to insert or remove the work.
The said springs are not illustrated herewith, being of any well known form, as for
instance spiral and coiled about the said bolts corresponding with the bolts g, or
substituted in place of the same.
In the operation of the invention the abutments D and E are secured upon the
heads of a hydraulic or other suitable press which on opening separates them.
A blank of straight pipe having a square, or in the present instance a rectangular
cross section, is introduced in a heated condition and a suitable mandrel inserted
within the blank, preferably one of the construction hereinafter described, said
mandrel being expanded laterally within the blank so as to firmly press against
the vertical sides of the interior.
By the closing movement of the press the abutments D and E are made to
approach and as the work comes in contact with the acting serpentine faces h, i of
the dies, the latter are forced between the converging faces of the abutments and by
reason of the wedging action of the inclined webs a, a, b, b' are compressed laterally,
simultaneously with their vertical compression upon the interior of the work.
The action of wedging the interior sectional mandrel employed in this operation
outwardly against the vertical sides of the blank, and wedging the interlocking
sectional sides or tongues 1, 2, 3, etc., of the dies inwardly, so as to bear solidly upon
the exterior, clamps the metal firmly between the two surfaces and prevents the same
from buckling when the operation of pressing into corrugation is performed, the said
sectional surfaces corresponding with each unit of corrugation and moving alternately
in unison with one another, thereby carrying the adjacent portions of the metal
supported by and gripped between them in directions corresponding to the movements
of the corrugations.
F, F (figs. 12 and 16) are the stationary and movable heads respectively of a
hydraulic press, having attached to their faces the troughs or die carriers, D, and E
in which the serpentine faced dies are supported. The movable head F¹ having a
hydraulic plunger H is guided in its vertical movement towards and from the
stationary head F by the supporting frame rods G.
The sectional mandrel which rests on a suitable frame I, when out of the work, and
which is fully shown in detail in figs. 22 to 29 inclusive is composed of a series of
blocks L, L, which are shown contracted in figs. 22, 23 24 and also in fig. 26 ready
for insertion within the blank J, to be corrugated; and are shown sinuously expanded
after the act of compression of the dies in fig. 12.
The blocks are rounded on their working faces to correspond with the curvature
of the depressions in the serpentine faced dies A, A, B, B₁ and are capable of
simultaneous movement in alternate opposite directions in a vertical plane, common to
the plane of the movement of the said dies which movement is caused by the
compression of said dies; the said movement being in the direction of the rounded
faces of the blocks as indicated by the arrows, shown on each block in figs. 12, 16
and 22.
Each of the blocks L is composed of 4 separate parts l, l' and 1, to facilitate
their removal after the blank has been corrugated. The inclined adjacent faces (* of
the constituent parts 1, and 12, 13 of the blocks L shown clearly in figs. 27, 28,
and 29, are designed to impart an expanding tendency to the parts I and (fig. 24)
by impact of said faces when pressure is applied to the blocks L.
The separate faces composing the mandrel blocks or sections, are assembled upon
each side of a spreading device or expanding core and there held together
temporarily by means of the rods m, fig. 24, passing through holes m', figs. 27, 28, 29,

page_text: throughout the several sections, said rods being removed after the mandrel is placed
in position within the blank. However in case the mandrel is to be introduced
between the dies by means of the mechanism shown in figs. 12 to 20 inclusive the
rods m are dispensed with and the sections are preferably held together temporarily
by means of the supporting mandrel guides n, n fig. 15, the lower one of which
appears partly in section in fig. 12, and both of which appear partly in elevation in
fig. 16. The lower guide also appears in plan view in fig. 14.
The expanding core of the mandrel is composed of three parallel parts; two of
which N, N' are arranged on opposite sides of the third O, (figs. 23 and 25) which
is made capable of a longitudinal movement between N and N¹ and is moved by
means of a piston u, within a pressure cylinder U, fig. 23 or by the means illustrated
in figs. 12 to 20 inclusive in which the duplicate pistons and a pair of cylinders U,
perform like functions being connected to the opposite end of the said part 0, by
means of the connecting piston rods 2, and and a cross head K.
Upon the sides of the part 0 (fig. 25) are a series of cams or wedges d which
engage within the inclined faces e in the depressions of the adjacent paris N, N¹
for the purpose of expanding the core by the longitudinal movement of the part O.
The devices employed to facilitate the insertion and withdrawal of the sectional
mandrel through the blank pipe J, illustrated in figures 12 to 20 inclusive are made
automatic in their action by the following construction; the central part of the
mandrel expanding core (fig. 14) is coupled by a cross head K, by a suitable
"Thead" fitting in the vertical slot 63 (fig. 18) and the adjacent parts N, N¹ of
said mandrel core abut against the projecting rods N2 of the small piston or plunger m²,
said rods being connected to the plunger by the cross piece t, shown in fig. 18, and
also by dotted lines in figs. 14 and 17 and in section in figs. 12, 16, and 19.
The cross head K is capable of longitudinal travel by means of the pistons in the
pair of cylinders U, shown enlarged in figures 18, 19 and 20. The cylinders U are
secured in place by means of the straps d' bolted to the sides of the die carrier D,
fig. 13 of the stationary press head F.
The pistons have hollow rods we through which water is forced from the chamber
of the cylinders U, in the front or piston rod side of said pistons, through the
openings and channels in the piston rods to the pipes for the purpose of
operating the plunger m², simultaneously with the movement of said pistons u during
the insertion of the mandrel.
The mandrel is guided during its insertion by the portable guide ways n, between
which it is assembled, the said guide ways being lowered from the position shown in
the drawing, by means of the levers p, when the cross head has been run out so as to
rest with its studs upon the plate o, of the frame I. During this lowering move-
ment the "T" coupling of the part O, in the slot 63 of the cross head K descends out
of the socket.
The lifting arms p bolted to the ends of the transverse rocking bars p² are operated
by the hand lever 7, levers 7 and connecting rod », the upper sides of said rocking
bars p, reciprocating under the lower guide frame n which latter is capable of vertical
movement and may be lowered to the position shown by dotted lines in fig. 12, when
the lever is raised. The guide frame n is retained transversely in its position upon
the rocking bars p² by means of suitable shoulders s. The bars may be provided at
this part with friction rollers for the purpose of bearing the frame n, with a reduction
of friction.
The operation of the apparatus is as follows-The mandrel being assembled between
the lower guide trough n, and the upper trough n, which hold the blocks in position,
the blank of straight pipe is inserted at welding heat between the dies F, F, while the
mandrel is in its lowered position; the said mandrel within its guides n, n. now being
raised by the hand lever y, into line with the blank; this movement brings the
core O, N N of said mandrel into operative connection with the cross-head K, the
"T" head of the part 0 entering the slot b³.
Water is now admitted to the cylinders U, from the water pressure supply pipe 15,

page_text: through the cock, 13, and pipes 1', passing also into the openings u³, of the piston
rods w, and through the connections a, into the cavity or cylinder of the plunger m³,
in the centre of the cross-head K. The pressure thus applied holds the movable
parts N, N', of the mandrel in advance of the centre part 0, during its travel into the
work until the opposite ends of said parts N, N1, of the mandrel strike a stop y,
terminating their movement together with that of the mandrel blocks. The arrest of
the parts N, N and plunger m', is followed by the continued movement of the cross-
head K, and centre part O, of the mandrel core owing to excess of pressure on the
larger pistons u, which setting out the inclines e, on the inclines d, expand the core,
forcing out the sides of the mandrel firmly against the inside of the blank, compressing
the vertical sides of said blank between the mandrel and the interlocking sides of the
dies A, A' B, B', during the corrugating operation.
The dies are now advanced upon the exterior of the blank, the projecting portions
of the working faces thereof transmitting compression through the metal of the blank
at points opposite the backs k, of the corresponding adjacent blocks L, which forces
the opposite sides of the blank into the opposite corresponding depressions in the dies,
and imparts the corrugated form to the header.
The process being completed the dies are now retired, and water is admitted from
the supply pipe 1', through the cock I and pipes 12 of the cylinders U, applying the
pressure on the opposite sides of the pistons u, the cock I being closed and the water
first admitted allowed to escape through cocks provided therefor, during the reversal.
The centre part 0, of the mandrel core, which carries with it the parts N, N' is now
withdrawn by the outward movement of the cross-head K and the several parts of
the sectional blocks L, are thereby released to be afterwards dropped out of the
corrugated header in pieces, and reassembled for subsequent repetition of the
operation.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed, as communicated to me, I declare
that what I claim is :-
1. The combination of upper and lower die carriers having exterior surfaces
inclined toward each other, at a point where pressure is transmitted, with sectional
dies having the exterior surfaces similarly inclined, whereby the motion of the die
carriers shall close the sections of the dies together at right angles to the motion of
the die carriers, previous to the closing of the dies.
2. The combination of die carriers having inclined surfaces with a set of sectional
dies, capable of movement in two directions, substantially as specified.
3. Corrugating dies having a series of interlocking tongues, said tongues approxi-
mating in width to a unit of the corrugation, and adapted to move with the surface of
the metal being corrugated.
+
4. Corrugating dies having the working sides formed of a series of interlocking
tongues said tongues approximating in width to a unit of the corrugation and adapted
to approach each other and to move with and in the same direction of the surface of
the metal being corrugated.
5. In corrugating dies, the combination of the following elements-1st dies provided
with interlocking tongues having exterior inclined planes, and adapted to clamp the
sides of the article to be corrugated and to move therewith:-2nd trough shaped
carriers adapted to fit the exterior of said interlocking tongues or dies.
6. In corrugating dies the combination of the following elements:-1st dies
comprised of interlocking tongues having exterior inclined surfaces, and adapted to
clamp the surfaces of the blank which they enclose: 2nd troughed-shaped carriers
adapted to fit the exterior of said interlocking tongues or dies, and 3rd means, as
loose fitting bolts, for connecting the dies with the carriers.
7. In a machine for making hollow forgings a movable mandrel support placed
outside of the working dies and below the level of the same in combination with
means for raising said support to the level of the dies and for feeding said mandrel
into the press.

page_text: 8. In a machine for forming hollow forgings a movable mandrel support placed
outside of the working dies and below the level of the same, in combination with
means for raising said support to the level of the dies, and for feeding the
assembled mandrel into the press, to match the position of the exterior dies, and
to effect a further continued movement of the core of "the mandrel in the same
direction to expand said mandrel laterally.
9. In a machine for making hollow forgings, a mandrel support consisting of
top and bottom troughs of U shaped section, to retain the sections forming the
mandrel in proper position while being built up and fed into the press.
T
th day of June 1987
CRUIKSHANK & FAIRWEATHER,
62, Saint Vincent Street, Glasgow,
Agents.