Year: 1885

page_text: I ERNEST ARTHUR WADSWORTH, of 14, Brunswick Walk, Cambridge, in the
County of Cambridge, Mineral Water Manufacturer do hereby declare the nature
of this invention to be as follows:-
This invention relates to improvements in apparatus to be worked by manual
power for communicating motion to tramcars and other carriages or to machinery.
According to my invention I employ a sliding fulcrum on which works a lever.
having a long slot to receive the fulcrum. The free end of the shorter arm of the
lever is suitably connected to a pair of racks working in combination with cog
wheels or pinions which slide on the driving shaft. Or instead of racks and
pinions the lever may be connected to the driving shaft by means of cranks or
otherwise for the purpose of changing the rectilinear motion of the end of the lever
into a rotary motion.
By this arrangement when greater power is required the fulcrum is moved so as
to shorten the arm of the lever connected to the driving shaft, and when speed is,
required the said fulcrum is moved so as to lengthen the said arm. The lever is
operated by manual power, and the motion communicated to the driving shaft may
be utilized for the purposes required.
It will be obvious that more than one lever and set of connections may be
employed.

page_text: Improvements in Apparatus for Converting Reciprocating into
Rotary Motion.
I ERNEST ARTHUR WADSWORTH, of 14 Brunswick Place, Cambridge, in the
county of Cambridge, Mineral Water Manufacturer do hereby declare. the nature
of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement :—
This invention relates to improvements in apparatus to be worked by suitable
power for communicating motion to tramcars and other carriages or to machinery.
According to my invention I employ a sliding fulcrum on which works a lever
having a long slot to receive the fulcrum. The free end of the shorter arm of the
lever is suitably connected to a pair of racks working in combination with cog
wheels or pinions which slide on the driving shaft. Or instead of racks and
pinions the lever may be connected to the driving shaft by means of cranks or
otherwise for the purpose of changing the rectilinear motion of the end of the lever
into a rotary motion.
In order to enable my invention to be fully understood I will proceed to describe
the same by reference to the accompanying drawing in which figure 1 is a side
elevation and figure 2 a plan of apparatus for obtaining motive power constructed
according to my invention, the lever being connected with the driving shaft by
racks and cog wheels or pinions; figures 3 and 4 are detached views drawn to a
larger scale shewing one of the cog wheels on the main shaft; figure 5 is a diagram
illustrating my apparatus with the lever connected to the driving shaft by means
of a crank. Similar letters in all the figures represent similar parts.
Referring to figures 1 and 2, a, is the sliding fulcrum which works in guides b,
and c, on suitable supports such as d, d; e, e', represent the lever working on the
fulcrum a, and f, is the long slot in the lever e, e¹, which slot receives the said
fulcrum and allows of its adjustment with respect to the lever; g, and g³, are the
pair of racks to which the shorter arm e, of the lever is jointed at a¹; the racks
are of the form of segments of concentric circles having their radii struck from
the centre h, which is the pivot of an oscillating bar i, to one end of which the
racks g, g¹, are fixed the other end of the bar i, being provided with an adjustable
weight j, for counterbalancing the racks; k, is the driving shaft and l, m, n, and o,
are the cog wheels which can be slid along the driving shaft k, (which is provided
with a feather o¹, for this purpose) by means of clutch forks p, p, working in
grooved collars q, q, and operated by means of a handle r, sliding in projections
8, 8, on the standards t, t, carrying the bearings of the driving shaft k; the toothed
wheels and m, when the four wheels are in the position shewn in figure 2 of the
drawing, gear respectively with the rack g, and with a pinion u, gearing with the
rack g¹ and running loosely on a shaft v, mounted in bearings in standards w, w,

page_text: the racks g, gl, are formed with a slot x, to allow of their working over the shaft v;
the wheels l, m, n, and o, are constructed in the manner illustrated in figures 3
and 4 which represent an elevation shewing the interior of one of the wheels and a
transverse section of the wheel respectively; the wheel is formed in two parts
and ; the part 1, is formed with ratchet teeth 1, as shewn in figure 3 and with
a boss, as shewn in figure 4 and has a keyway which receives the feather o¹ and
allows of the wheel being slid along the shaft ; the part 1, of the wheel is
recessed as shown at 4, and rotates upon the boss P, of the other part; in the
recess, is a spring pawl, which engages with the ratchet teeth 1; 1, is a plate
covering in the recess ; the ratchet teeth of the wheel m, are arranged in the
same direction as those of the wheel 1, whilst the ratchet teeth of the wheels n
and o, are made in the opposite direction; if therefore the wheels and m be
engaged with the racks g and g', as shewn in figure 1, it will be obvious that as
the longer arm e¹, of the lever is depressed it will cause the rack g, and cog wheel Z,
by the pawl of the latter engaging with the teeth of its ratchet, to rotate the
shaft k, the pawl in the wheel m, (which is rotating in an opposite direction as
shewn by the arrows) meanwhile riding over the teeth of its. ratchet'; when how-
over the lever arm e¹, is raised a reverse action of the wheels and m, and their
pawls takes place, the shaft k, being in this manner continuously rotated in the
same direction; if it be required to reverse the direction of rotation of the
shaft k, the wheels l, m, n, and o are slid by means of the clutches p, q, along
the shaft so as to throw the wheels Z, and m out of gear and to bring the
wheels n and o, into. gear with the rack g, and pinion u respectively; y, is a
toothed wheel keyed on the shaft k, and gearing with a pinion z, keyed on the
shaft v, whereby the latter shaft is driven at a much greater rate of speed than
the former the object being (by connecting the carriage or machine to be driven
with the shaft v) to allow of the carriage or machinery being driven at a greater
speed than would be communicated by the shaft k; b¹, is a lever jointed to a
bracket c, on the frame of the apparatus and connected by means of a link c³,
to the sliding fulcrum a, for the purpose of allowing the fulcrum to be easily
moved backwards and forwards in its guides b and c; the lever b¹, is beld in
position when adjusted by means of a spring rod d, working thereon operated by
a handle, and taking into a notched quadrant g³, as will be well understood.
By this arrangement when greater power is required the fulcrum a is moved by
its lever b¹, so as to shorten the arm e, of the lever e, e¹, operating the shafts k
and v, and when greater speed is required the fulcrum a, is moved so as to
lengthen the said arm e. The lever is operated by suitable power, and the motion
communicated to the shafts k and v, may be utilized for the purposes required.
In figure 5, h¹, represents the crank which I sometimes employ to connect the
lever e, e¹, to the shaft k, in place of the racks and cog wheels hereinbefore described
and shewn in figures 1 and 2; the free end of the crank h¹, works in a slot in the
end of the bar i; the operation of this arrangement will be well understood
without further description. In this view the shaft v, and the gear wheels for
operating the same are not shewn but it will be obvious that they can be employed
if required.
It will be obvious that more than one lever e, e¹, and set of connections may be
employed.
•
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim is:
1. In apparatus for obtaining motive power the combination with a slotted lever
of a sliding or moveable fulcrum the said lever being adapted to operate suitable
mechanism for communicating motion to a driving shaft or shafts substantially as
and for the purposes hereinbefore described.

page_text: 2. The improved apparatus for obtaining motive power hereinbefore described
and illustrated in figures 1 to 4 of the accompanying drawing.
3. The modified arrangement of apparatus for obtaining motive power herein-
before described and illustrated in figure 5 of the accompanying drawing.
Disted the 12th dow of Aust 1886
G. F. REDFERN,
4, South Street, Finsbury, London,
Agent for the Applicant.