IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PROCESS AND APPARATUS FOR MANUFACTURING AND STORING GAS
Year: 1882

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Frank Browne of 67 Strand in the City of
Westminster for an invention of IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PROCESS AND
APPARATUS FOR MANUFACTURING AND STORING GAS
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION filed by the said William Frank Browne at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 4th July 1882.
WILLIAM FRANK BROWNE of 67 Strand in the City of Westminster IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE PROCESS AND APPARATUS FOR MANUFACTURING AND STORING GAS
This invention relates to a new mode or process and the means for generating
gases under high or low pressure for motive power, heating and illuminating
purposes;-
Figure 1, is the right hand side elevation of a steam and gas generator.
Figure 2, is a vertical central section of Figure 1.
Figures 3 and 4, are rear elevations of the steam and gas generator showing
the connection with the pump and trapping device in connection with the device
for returning condensation to the generator.
Figure 5, is a modification of the device for returning hot liquids to the
generator.
Figure 6, is the left hand side elevation of the generator showing the pipe
connections therewith.
Figure 7, is a front elevation of the generator with its two doors opened
whereby the conduits are shown.
Figure 8, is a vertical central section of the generator, showing the hollow
supporting bars and connecting pipes for circulating liquids therein with or without
the aid of a forcing or injecting device.
Figure 9, is a sectional plan of the generator and its separator or stand-pipe
showing the form and arrangement of one of the conduits, the outer and inner
shell surrounding said conduit and also a plan view of the steam pump, trap and
connecting pipes.

page_text: Figure 10, is an enlarged broken horizontal sectional view of the shell or case
showing the space between the outer and inner shells and the arrangement of the
doors therewith.
Figure 11, is an elevation of the generator with the lower part of the shell
broken away, thus revealing the super-heater and also showing the conductor for
conducting the products of combustion to said super-heater.
"
Figure 12, is a detailed view showing a balanced or weighted controlling
valve for controlling the current of the products of combustion and letting escape
the surplus products not taken away by the conductor.
Figure 13, is a broken elevation of the generator and sectional view of a device
for forcing the products of combustion into a heating device wherein said products
are mingled with carbonaceous or other suitable matter and evolved into a fixed
gas for either heating or illuminating purposes and also a sectional view of a
receiver for holding powdered carbonaceous matter which is forced or drawn
to the injecting device which forces it into the super-heater wherein it is converted
to gas in combination with the injecting material.
Figure 14, is a vertical central section of a purifying apparatus and gas-holder
which is attached to, or connected with, the gas-generating apparatus shown in
Figure 1.
Figure 15, is a vertical broken sectional view of the gas generator showing
the connection formed between the exhaust of an engine and a hollow perforated
grate-bar or bars.
Figure 16, is a sectional plan view showing the hollow perforated grate-bar
and its connection with an engine..
.
.t
Figure 17, is a vertical longitudinal section of a modification of the gas
generator shown in Figure 1.
Figure 18,--is an elevation of a gas generating apparatus the base of which is
shown in section for the purpose of showing a spiral grate consisting of coiled pipe
and its connections with pipes for conducting gas thereto.
Figure 19, is a side elevation of a gas-generating apparatus with a pump for
forcing combustible liquids and water into said generator, and also a vertical
sectional elevation of a tank or reservoir for holding combustible liquids which are
forced into the said generator by means of compressed air.
Figure 20, is a side elevation of a gas generating apparatus which is provided
with a pump and tank for holding combustible liquids which is forced out of said
tank by means of steam pressure into an ejector from whence it is forced into a
super-heating conduit wherein a fixed gas is obtained.
Figure 21, is a side elevation of a gas generating apparatus and central
sectional view of a tank or reservoir for holding combustible liquids which is forced
into a super-heating coil or conduit or conduits by steam pressure, and a purifier
into which the gas is forced and from thence into a gas-holder.
:
Figure 22, is an elevation of a gas generating apparatus with a pump for
forcing water and combustible liquids therein, a purifier and gas-holder are shown
in section, and also the end view of a motor is shown and which is driven by the
power of highly compressed gas, the pressure of which is derived from the
generation of said gas in the generating apparatus.
Figure 23,-is a-sectional view showing a pond of water with an anchored gas-
holder therein; a building is represented upon the bank or bluff surrounding said
pond, but broken away for the purpose of showing a gas generating apparatus
wherein gas is generated and forced into said gas-holder under sufficient pressure
to force the water from said holder.
Figure 24, is a vertical sectional. view of a gas-holder with induction and
eduction gas-pipe thereto and the means for forcing gas from said holder by the
displacement of water.
Figure 25,-is a sectional view of a gas-holder showing pipe connection for the
admission of gas and water, the gas being forced from the holder by water
pressure.

page_text: Figure 26, is a sectional view of a steam or gas generator, water and
combustible liquids are forced into said generator by a pump as shown.
Figure 27, is a sectional view of a steam or gas generator into which water
and combustible liquids are forced; circulating pipes beneath the shell or generator
are shown and which are for the purpose of circulating and heating the gas
producing material.
Figure 28, is a plan view of the circulating apparatus for circulating and
heating gas producing liquids.
Figure 29, is a vertical sectional view of a steam or gas generator with
circulating pipes beneath the separator and a hollow bridge wall through which
liquid is forced and also atmosphere for supporting or continuing combustion in
the combustion chamber.
Figure 30, is a vertical sectional view of a steam boiler or gas generating
apparatus with circulating pipes in the furnace and combustion chamber and also
a hollow bridge wall in which liquids are circulated and through which gas is
forced; a pump is shown for forcing combustible liquids into the gas generating
apparatus.
•
Figure 31, is a plan view of a circulating apparatus. The two ends and two
central conduits are shown in section; the liquid combustibles are forced into this.
apparatus wherein they are heated and forced therefrom into the separator or
generator shown in the preceding figures.
Figure 32, is a vertical cross-sectional view of a steam or gas generator showing
the separator, hollow bridge wall, circulating pipes and register for the admission
of air to the furnace and combustion chamber.
Figure 33, is a front end elevation of a steam or gas generating apparatus with
a part of the front end of the masonry removed, thus revealing the hollow bridge
wall in the rear of the furnace and also the front header to which the front end of
the circulation pipes shown in Figures 28.and 31 are affixed.
Figure 34, is an enlarged view of a vertical section of the fire bridge wall and
cross section of the circulating pipes and also gas burners and jets for increasing
the flame in the combustion chamber.
Figure 35, is a broken vertical sectional view of the hollow bridge wall; the
circulating pipes rest upon recesses in the top of the bridge wall.
Figure 36, is a cross section of the two preceding Figures.
Figure 37, is the elevation of the upper part of a steam and gas generating
apparatus, the vertical section of a tank or reservoir for holding combustible
liquids and the front elevation of a bench of retorts into which carburetted
products of combustion and steam or gas from the said steam and gas generator
are forced.
Figure 38, is a view of the gasogenes, one of which is in section. The vertical
section of a tánk or reservoir for holding combustible liquids into which the
products of combustion, steam or gas, or either separately, or any combination
thereof, are forced and carburetted therein and thence forced into the said
gasogenes where a thorough fixation occurs prior to being discharged from said
gasogenes.
Figure 39,-is a top plan view of a gas generating apparatus, showing a steam
and gas generator, pump and cistern for holding water and combustible liquids,
carburetter, two gasogenes, scrubber, purifier and a gas-holder and the necessary
connecting pipes and adjuncts for the manufacture of gas.
Figure 40,- is a side elevation of a steam and gas generator.
Figure 41, is a sectional view of a reverberatory furnace, fan blower, tank or
reservoir for holding combustible liquids into which the products of combustion and
gas are forced by the force generated in the gas generator shown in Figure 40 and
from thence into the reverberatory furnace.
Figure 42, is an elevation of a blast furnace or smelting furnace in which
metals are smelted by heat generated from the combustion of gases which are
generated in a high pressure gas generator as shown in Figure 40..

page_text: Figure 43, is a view of a kiln for burning pottery by means of inflammable
gases generated in a high pressure gas generating apparatus shown in Figure 40.
Figure 44, is a sectional elevation of a lime kiln wherein lime rock is burned by
gases derived from a high pressure gas generating apparatus shown in Figure 40,
said gas being forced therefrom with or without being forced through a carburetter
into said lime kiln,
Figure 45,-is a view representing a side elevation of a gas generating apparatus,
-an engine which is driven by gas, and a steam boiler in which steam is
generated by heat derived from the combustion of the exhaust gas for a motive
power and other purposes.
Figure 46, is a mountain scene representing a high pressure gas generator
located at the base of a mountain and near a stream of water, in which gas is
generated under high pressure and forced through a suitable pipe or pipes to the
top of the mountain where an engine or engines is driven thereby, the exhaust
gas being used for light and fuel.
Figure 47,-is a vertical longitudinal section of a steam-ship showing a high
pressure gas generating apparatus in which gas is generated for motive power to
propel the boat with, while the exhaust gas from the engine is burned in the
furnace of the generator to generate the gas.
Figure 48, is a transverse section of a steam ship showing a new method of
transporting combustible liquids.
Figure 49, is an enlarged transverse sectional view of one half of a steam-ship
showing the manner of connecting the receivers or tanks which hold the combustible
liquids.
*Figure 50,-is a view of a locomotive with a high pressure gas generating
apparatus therein in which gas is generated for motive power to drive the locomo-
tive with while the exhaust from the engines is conducted to and burned, in the
furnace of the gas generating apparatus.
Figure 50 is the longitudinal sectional representation of the tender of a
locomotive which is divided into suitable compartments for the purpose of holding
the materials from which the motive power is generated and which generates said
motive power.
Figure 51, is a central sectional view of a desulphurizing apparatus for desul-
phurizing ores with gases generated in a high pressure gas generating apparatus
Figure 51, is a cross section of the blast conduit showing perforations for
annular blast.
Figure 51 is a vertical section of a steam and gas generating and desul-
phurizing apparatus.
Figure 51, is a horizontal section of the combined steam and desulphurizing
apparatus, showing the conduit in which the ore is desulphurized, the injector
and ejector for forcing and drawing the ore through the conduit and the receptacle
into which the ore is discharged.
Figure 52, is a map representing a method of conducting gas for either heating,
illuminating or motive power purposes, by means of suitable pipes extending over a
country or countries and high pressure gas generators located at or near oil wells
or coal mines or at other convenient locations in which gas is generated under high
pressure and forced to whatever place or places desired.
Figure 53,—is a view representing a section of country in which pipe is laid for
conducting gas to and filling gas-holders in towns and cities by means of the high
pressure gas generating apparatus.
Figure 54,—is a central vertical section of a gas-holder and its foundation
thereof. The holder is filled from the high-pressure gas from the main pipes, but
when filled, the floating holder raises a valve and closes the communication between
the pipe and said holder and when the holder sinks or settles to near the bottom,
the weight thereof opens the valve, thus filling and refilling as long as the high
pressure is kept up in the pipes.

page_text: Figure 55, is a sectional view of an automatic valve and trap to be used in
connection with the underground high pressure gas pipes.
Similar letters of reference designate corresponding parts in all of the Figures.
The base A which is shown in several of the Figures, is made preferably of cast
iron and when of large diameter or for transportation, it should be made in two or
more sections with suitable flange connection thereon, which, when put together,
are held securely in place by suitable bolt fastenings.
The stationary portion of the shell B is mounted upon the base A and firmly
secured thereto by bolts or rivets, and when the base is made in sections, the shell
portion B can be made to conform thereto, and the parts or sections properly
secured by any well-known mechanical device or devices. One side or one section
of the stationary part of the shell contains the feed door F of the furnace; the
remaining portion of the shell is divided into two doors C which swing upon the
hinges & and are kept closed by the fastening devices D, D¹ and p¹ as shown in
Figures 1, 2 and 6. These devices will hold the upper and lower ends of the doors
firmly in place, while the centre can be held by a suitable clasp or other device,
should the heat within the shell be intense enough to spring them asunder. These
doors constitute a very important feature of this Invention; they embrace nearly
one-half of the shell in diameter and height, and necessarily so, in order that the
proper functions should be performed thereby. One of the doors is provided with
a window E which extends nearly the length of the door. The frame of the
window is made preferably of cast metal and riveted to the shell or casing of the
door and is provided with mica or suitable glass covering through which the interior
of the shell and the internal parts thereof are observed.
The frames of the doors E are made from suitable angle iron either rolled from
wrought iron or made from cast metal. When made from cast metal, the pattern
can be formed into all of the necessary curvatures, projections, rivet and bolt-holes
thereto. To this frame, the outer and inner casing or metal, c, e is riveted, thus
forming a clear space which extends from the top to the bottom of the body of
the generator; the outer casing of metal is provided with apertures 6 at the top,
while the inner casing of metal is provided with corresponding apertures 6ª at the
bottom thereof.
These apertures are for the purpose of admitting the air at the top of the shell
into space where it becomes heated on its downward passage and is drawn
through the bottom apertures b' into the ash-pit and thence upward between the
grate bars, where, in its heated condition, it mingles with the fuel and supports the
combustion thereof. The draft can be accelerated by a jet of steam or air within
the stack or by suitable connections and devices arranged at the top of the shell
whereby air can be forced in and downward into the ash-pit K' as indicated in
Figure 15 at ; when blown in at 4, the register s should be closed, and again
opened when the draft is taken in at the holes 6; a register can also be used to
regulate the draft at the top of the generator.
In the broken horizontal sectional view, Figure 10, it will be observed that at
the joint between the two doors C, C, the edge of the inner shell or casing laps
over and covers the joint formed by the frame or angle iron w³, w³, and also, the
edge of the inner shell e overlaps and covers the joint formed by the frame or
angle irons to which the hinges a are secured. By this arrangement a tight or
close joint is obtained. It will also be observed in Figures 9 and 10 that the doors
do not occupy quite one half of the diameter of the shell, although one half may
be so occupied, but when made as represented in the drawing, the stationary
portion will be much firmer than if it did not pass the central line; the width of
the door is determined by the diameter of the coil or conduits within the shell.
The top of the shell or body of the generator is provided with a suitable bonnet
and stack thereto.
The interior of the shell is provided with conduits or coils a mounted or
supported upon suitable supporting devices w¹ as shown in Figures 2, 7, 8 and 15;
and upon pipe or tubing as shown in sectional views, Figures 2, 8, 9 and 15 and

page_text: in the elevations in Figures 3 and 7; these pipes project through the shell and are
connected by return bend fittings e and in such manner that a free circulation of
, liquids can be maintained through the series, and as cool liquid is forced through
these pipes, they cannot become heated to a red heat, consequently they serve the
double purpose of supporting the coils and heating the liquid which may pass
through them.
These supporting 'pipes can continue under each coil or each section of the
generator, but, as the heat is not great enough to heat the sections above the fifth
or sixth lower ones to a red heat, it is not necessary to continue them above the
fifth or sixth coil or conduit. But if, when a gas flame is employed, the flames
should fill the coil chamber or shell, it might be necessary to introduce several more
of the supporting pipes. Those sections which are unsupported by pipes must be
kept in position by straps or bars of iron secured to the turns of the coils by
clips or other suitable contrivances; a cross.section of these bars or straps are
represented in Figure 8.
The coils or conduits are coiled from pipe which is drawn to the required length
or from short lengths of pipe which are welded at their ends until the required
length is obtained. The first or inner turn should be made as small as possible
without flattening the pipe, after the section is completed, the two ends of the
pipe should project tangentially to the inner and outer circle and parallel or nearly
so to each other; these projecting ends should be long enough to project through
the outer shell and receive suitable fittings thereon. The external projecting end
lies within the plane of the coiled section, while the inner end is bent at the
commencement of the turn, and after the coil is completed, it is heated and bent
until it comes in contact with the surface of the coiled section as shown in
Figures 2 and 15 where it will be observed that one half of the coiled section rests
upon said projecting inner ends.
The coiled section should be made of pipe of different diameters, the section or
sections containing pipe of the largest diameter should be placed at the bottom of
the series, while the smallest pipe should be at the top. A good rule to adopt in
making these sections would be to allow the space between each turn to equal the
internal diameter of the pipe,-thus, a good and free flue space is obtained. The
size or diameter of the pipe should be greater or less, or in accordance with the
different diameters of the shell and also the number of the sections should increase
with an increased diameter of the said shell.
The super-heating coil O is located in the fire box for the purpose of gaining
additional heating surface and utilizing heat. The two ends of this coil project
through the shell or wall as shown in Figures 2, 9, 15 and 16. This coil is shown
resting upon the grate bars, consequently, the complete turns cannot extend below
the top of the door, while the remaining turns are provided with return bends on
each side of said door, whereby a continuous circulation is obtained through the
entire length of pipe forming the superheater. When gas is to be burned in the
furnace in lieu of other fuels, the super-heating coil can be coiled in continuous
turns until completed, thus avoiding the return bends, and also the super-heating
coil O can be dispensed with and the place now occupied with said coil and fuel
can be filled with a suitable number of spiral conduits, which can serve the purpose
of a super-heater.
In sectional view, Figure 2, a fire brick s¹ is shown which is for the purpose of
protecting the bottom of the super-heater and also a lining of asbestos board or of
asbestos cement for other material of an analagous nature is introduced between
the inner casing or shell and the coils or conduits, whereby protection is given to
the shell and radiation of heat retarded.
The ends of the external turns of the coiled sections shown in Figures 1 and
9 are connected by right and left couplings 'd and nipples c to return bends 6 while
the inner ends u¹, with the exception of the upper and one or more of the lower
ends, are connected by right and left couplings w and nipples n' to return bends i'.
The end of the upper coil o' is connected by right and left couplings to the pipe o
•
--

page_text: which is provided with a check valve j¹ and valve 2, which controls or regulates
the flow of the liquid as it is being forced by the pump into the upper conduit
whence it circulates by force through the entire length of said conduit and is
discharged through the lower end v¹, coupling w, nipple v, check valve t and
nipple u into separator H, wherein the steam, vapor or gas separates from the.
condensations or from the liquids which may be discharged therein without
evolving into steam, vapor or gas. The separator is kept free from said liquid
matter by the trap I which forces or discharges the liquid through pipe a¹ into a
device whereby it will be returned to the generator for subsequent evaporation.
In Figure 4, a device c', for this purpose, is shown. This device consists of a
box or cylinder of suitable size and shape and strong enough to withstand the
pressure of the generator, and it is located in the cistern B₁ and kept constantly
filled and surrounded with water or liquid matter; a nipple is screwed into the
bottom of this device,-to this nipple, a Tee fitting is attached and to the other
end thereof a nipple and vertical check valve u³ is screwed while to the outlet of
the Tee fitting, the discharge pipe a' is affixed.
'
The induction pipe c', which is provided with a valve 5, connects the device C¹
to the pump, which, when in operation, draws the water or liquids through check;
valve u³, cylinder C¹ and induction pipe c' and forces it into and through eduction
pipe o into the conduits or coils within the generator, whereby the liquids or
water is circulated down through the heated conduits or coils and is discharged in
the form of steam, vapor or gas and liquid into the separator H whence the
volatile parts escape to and through pipe K to the dome M, whilst the liquid
matter escapes into the trap and is discharged through pipe a' into the device C¹
which action closes the vertical check valve and prevents the liquid in the cistern
from entering device C' until the trapped liquid has been discharged therefrom
and returned to the generator, after which the check valve u³ opens and allows
the liquids from the cistern to pass to the pump. The cylinder C should be of
sufficient capacity to hold liquid enough to reduce the temperature of the trapped
liquid so it can pass through the pump without eliminating steam, vapor or
gas, which would, if eliminated, cushion the valves and piston;- and prevent the
eduction of liquids into the pump.
In Figure 5, a modification of the above described device is shown in which A¹,
represents a coil through which the liquids flow from the cistern B' to the pump;
the remainder of the connection and operation is the same as above described.
The
The dome M, shown in Figure 2, is supported by braces k¹ and is provided with
the necessary pipes for conducting away steam, vapor or gas to places of use.
safety device L is connected to pipe P by a suitable fitting, and also the safety is
provided with the blow-off pipe n and a pipe m which can be used for conducting
steam, vapor or gas to a motor or other required place or places: to the Tee
fitting as, the pipe is attached for conducting steam, vapor or gas to the force
pump J; the flow through the pipe is controlled by valve 1.
o is a Tee fitting to which the induction pipe c¹ of the pump is connected,
valve 5 being the controlling valve thereto. The Tee fitting is connected to the
pump by the nipple d'; to the run of the Tee a small pipe k is connected for
conducting the products of petroleum or liquid combustibles to the pump, the flow
of which is controlled by valve 4, therefore by means of the two induction pipes c¹
and k and their valves, water and the liquid combustibles can be conducted and
drawn into the pump in any proportion required; thus, heating or illuminating
gas can be made in the same apparatus at will, or as occasion requires; and also,
by closing valve 4, with valve 5 remaining open, steam can be generated for any.
required purpose.
The pressure of the apparatus is indicated by the gauge f; the draft to the
furnace can be controlled by the damper g.
Steam, vapor or gas is conducted from the dome through pipe m¹ to the Tee
fitting m² which connects to or with, the projecting end of the lower turn of the
super-heater,

page_text: The flow of the steam, vapor or gas into said super-heater is controlled by
valve 12 and the exit therefrom is through pipes 8 and 8' j these pipes are
connected to the super-heater by the right and left couplings ³, a close nipple and
Tee fitting y. The upper end of the long nipple is provided with a Tee
fitting; to the outlet of this fitting, the discharge pipe a² is connected. This
pipe is provided with a plug-cock 18 for controlling the outflow of the super-
heated steam or gas.
To the upper end of the Tee-fitting ³, the conducting pipe q is attached, while
the other end is connected with pipe m' by means of elbows, nipples and a Tee
fitting. The flow in the pipe q is controlled by stop-cock 14 and the purpose
whereof is to convert the super-heater into a hot water circulator or a steam
generator when not employed as a super-heater for super-heating steam or for the
fixation of gas.
The pipe y connects the separator with the super-heater O by means of nipples,
elbows and a cross fitting. The flow of the liquid from the separator to the
super-heater is controlled by valve 16; a blow-off pipe controlled by valve 9 is
connected to the cross fitting which can be employed to drain the super-heater
and also other connecting pipes.
The exhaust pipe g¹ connects the exhaust ports of the engine or motor with the
cross fitting whereby the exhaust from the engine is conducted into and through
the super-heater; valve 10 is for the purpose of arresting the flow of the exhaust
which passes through the conducting pipe 6' on opening valve 6.
The dome M and separator H are connected by pipes & and Tees jª, kª and
nipple to the trap I for the purpose of conducting the condensation and liquid
not evolved into steam, vapor or gas away to the device C₁ whereby it is returned
to the generator as shown in Figures 1, 2, 3, 4 and 11. The valve 7 is introduced
between the trap, dome and separator for the purpose of stopping the flow of
liquid matter when the trap is to be cleaned, or any of the parts connected to or
with the trap may get out of order; in case this does occur, valve 8 can be opened,
thereby allowing the trapped liquid to escape to a waste pipe or to some other
place until the repairs are effected.
A glass gauge i with protecting rods h is attached to the side of the separator H
to determine the height of the liquid in said separator.
By the aid of the nipple q³ and valves 21, 22, and 23, the overflow can be kept to
the height of either one of the valves, and be effectually controlled thereby when
connected to the trap, although this discharge can be directly into the atmosphere,
but not so effectually controlled as when connected to some trapping device.
In Figures 11, 12 and 13, a device is shown for exhausting, conducting, and
forcing the products of combustion into a super-heater by means of a jet of steam,
vapor, gas or air whereby the said products of combustion are decomposed and
recomposed with said steam, vapor or gas and thence forced out into a furnace or
gas holder or any other place desired. The means which effect the above result
consist of the exhaust pipe Q which enters the stack just above the dome; the
open end of the pipe faces downward as shown in Figure 12, its other end connects
with an injector R¹ by means of the exhaust nozzle and s³. The injector may
be made in any suitable manner; the one herein shown is provided with a
chamber w³ to which a jet pipe g³ is connected and which is also connected to the
dome; the flow through this pipe is controlled by valve 29. The exhaust pipe Q
is connected to the Tee fitting R and thence by means of the nozzle and to the
said injector. The flow of the products of combustion is controlled by stop-cock 30
as shown in Figure 15.
When powdered fuels are to be converted to gas in combination with steam and
volatilized liquid combustibles or with either one separately, the injecting device R',
shown in Figure 13, or some other device which is analagous thereto, may be
employed to draw and force the powdered fuels into a heating device wherein said
powdered fuels, steam and volatilizable liquid combustibles will become decomposed
and recomposed and form a fixed gas for illuminating or heating purposes, which

page_text: can be forced into and through necessary purifiers and thence to a gas-holder for
subsequent use, or, it may be forced from the generating device into any class of
metallurgical furnaces or to any other furnace to which the gas generating
apparatus can be applied.
The powdered fuel U, as shown in Figure 13, may be placed in a suitable
receptacle T into which the conducting or exhaust pipe V extends, while its other
end projects into Tee fitting R; thus, a communication is formed between the
receptacle T and the injector R', whereby, when force is imparted to the injector,
the powdered fuel U will be drawn and forced by the current into the super-heating
device or conduit. The amount of powdered fuel injected into the heating device
is controlled by valve 31. As the carbonic acid gas contained in the products of
combustion is non-combustible, it becomes necessary to add another equivalent of
carbon, which converts said carbonic acid gas into a carbonic oxide. This
conversion can be effected by the addition of carbon in either the liquid or solid
form, but when solid, it should be in a powdered state when forced into the heating
device by an injector; but, when the products of combustion are forced by steam
and volatilized liquid combustibles, or of either separately, into retorts, gasogenes
or furnaces for the production of gas for illuminating or heating purposes, the
powdered form of the carbon fuel need not be adhered to as the above mentioned
devices can be charged with carbonaceous matter in an unpowdered condition.
With the device shown in Figure 13, it will be observed that a combination of
powdered carbonaceous material with the products of combustion can be drawn and
forced simultaneously by the injector into the heating device, and further, as the
necessary amount of carbon for carburetting the said products of combustion can
be obtained from the powdered material, it will not be necessary to combine liquid
combustibles with water for the purpose of carburetting said products of
combustion; therefore, the valve 4 on pipe k as shown in Figures 1, 2 &c can be
closed, thereby allowing only the water to be forced into the conduits whereby
steam is generated for drawing, forcing and combining with the said products of
combustion and powdered carbonaceous material within a heating device, wherein
they combine and form a fixed gas.
A part of the stack S is enlarged, as shown in Figures 11 and 12 for the purpose
of allowing a free exit for the products of combustion around the balanced valve 2.
This valve, when closed, is seated upon the internal flange ; a guiding stem or
rod m³ is secured to the centre of the valve and projects through orifices in cross-
bars which are connected to flanges and u³; an eye is secured to the guide
stem m³, to which a suitable wire or wire cord is attached and passed over the
pulley ns, which is screwed to a bracket on the under side of the upper-cross_bar,
from thence the cord extends to and over the pulley q³ which is suspended from
the bracket & on the outside of the stack; to the lower end of this cord or wire, a
suitable weight is attached which counterbalances the valve when a pressure is
given to the draft.
•
But when the injector is exhausting the products of combustion through pipe Q
the valve closes in accordance with the amount of the products of combustion
which are being exhausted. If all of the products are being exhausted, the valve
will remain closed and prevent a draft of air downward through the stack into the
exhaust pipe. But if it is desirable that the air should be exhausted in com-
bination with said products of combustion then the weight p³ can be augmented by
an amount sufficient to keep the valve in an elevated position for the admission of
said atmosphere, which will require an equivalent of carbon to combine with its .
oxygen, thus requiring three equivalents of carbon for the products of combustion,
the atmosphere and the steam required for injection; the hydrogen of the steain
will combine with the nitrogen of the atmosphere and become separated therefrom
in the process of purification, thus leaving a pure carbonic oxide, which may be
enriched by forcing it, after leaving the purifier and while under pressure, through
a closed receiver charged with volatilizable liquid combustibles, wherein the said
carbonic oxide gas becomes combined or mixed therewith and forced out through

page_text: conducting pipe or pipes into a suitable heating device wherein a fixed gas is formed
for illuminating or heating purposes.
The said carbonic oxide gas, after being manufactured by the above described
process, can be forced, with or without passing through the purifier, into suitable
retorts, gasogenes, or their equivalents charged with carbonaceous matter wherein
said carbonic oxide gas becomes carburetted and is conducted therefrom into
purifiers and thence to gas holders or places of use.
In the vertical sectional view, Figure 14, a gas purifier H¹ and holder I¹ is
shown. The gas is forced from the generator shown in Figure 1 &c through pipe 8²
into pipe m*, thence into and through the perforated funnel n in the receiver H¹,
thence up through the purifier G' out through pipe o into. the gas-holder I¹, thence
through pipe p into the street mains. The flow of the gas into and from the
purifier is controlled by valves 37 and 38.
When gas is used in the generator for a fuel, a hollow grate bar d' is provided
which may be made in any suitable form or manner; the one shown in Figures 15
and 16 is spiral in form and perforated for the eduction of gas from its upper
surface. The two ends of this coil project through the shell, where one of its ends
is connected with an exhaust pipe a leading from an engine X, while the other
end is provided with a valve for the purpose of blowing off the grate when
obstructed by ashes &c. The pipe a is connected to a branch fitting e*; the two
outlets of this fitting are connected to the grate d' and the super-heating coil O,
thus allowing the exhaust to pass through either one or both of said coils. The
flow is regulated by valves 10. and 32; the valve 10 is connected to the branch
fitting and coil O by nipples f* and gª.
The grated can be used to burn wood and coal thereon and in order to prevent
its burning out, moist steam or water can be forced therein, the evaporation of
which will pass off through the fuel.
The draft to the furnace can be controlled by the registers 8', and also, when it
is desirable to force the draft, the registers should cover the draught-holes b³ and
air forced into the ash-pit through the tuyeré 24; the base K₁ is provided with a
door through which the ashes are taken out.
In the modification, Figure 17, a different construction of the generator is shown
from that seen in Figures 1, 2 &c, but not differing in principle or operation. It
is one of the many forms which may be constructed embodying the principles
herein shown and described and which may be suggestive to an intelligent
mechanic.
The figure represents a longitudinal vertical section of masonry Z with a hori-
zontal furnace or chamber in which super-heating coils or conduits are located,
and also, a furnace in the rear of said chamber communicating therewith. N being.
the grate thereto and D the combustion chamber or furnace which is directly
beneath the stack F; at the throat of the uptake a perforated arch C" is formed
through which the products of combustion are drawn and on its upper side, the
coils are located.
The heat in passing through the perforations m* heats the coils and generates
steam, vapor or gas which is discharged into the separator H and thence through
pipe m¹ into the outer super-heating coil O through pipe into the inner coil and
thence back through pipe f" to Tee fitting 2, where the current divides and flows
through pipe a¹ to a purifier and gas-holder or directly to furnaces for immediate
use. The other portion of gas is forced through pipe and tuyeré pipe i into
the opening in the front end of the masonry. The discharge of gas into the
furnace is regulated by valve 35. The forcing pump J is mounted on the base J¹;
water and combustible liquids are drawn into the pump from pipes c¹ and k and
*forced therefrom through pipe o into coils a: The condensation in the separator is
carried away by means of pipe * and trap I.
Figure 18 is a detailed view showing the connection between the exit pipe of
the super-heating conduit and the hollow perforated grate. This connection is
formed for the purpose of conducting gas directly from the super-heater O to the

page_text: furnace where it can be burned. The connection is formed by means of the .
pipes and h³; valve 39 is employed to control the amount of gas which enters
the grate. A pipe can also connect with the grate and dome, and supply gas to
the furnace. In Figure 19, a high pressure gas generator is shown in side elevation
and a sectional view of a tank or reservoir for holding combustible liquids wbich
is forced into the generator by means of compressed air, which is compressed in
the tank U by the air pump ; k is the handle for working the piston and is
a connection between the air pump and tank for conducting the air into said tank
or into a conduit me formed on the inside of said tank for the purpose of conducting
The
the air and discharging it into the tank above the surface of the liquid E.
pressure in the tank will be indicated by the gauge h³; the tank is supplied with
liquid through the filling cup us, the amount of which will be determined by the
glass gauge. This liquid is forced by the atmosphèric pressure through pipe ƒ³
into Tee fitting da where its unites with water which is discharged from pipe o
and is forced from thence through pipe es into the upper conduit within the
generator and thence downward through the series of conduits, from whence it is
discharged in the form of vapor or gas into the separator or receiving chamber H
and from thence into the dome or other suitable place, from which it is conducted
through pipe m' and discharged into the super-heater wherein a fixed gas is formed
and conducted to places of use.
The atmospheric pressure in the tank U should exceed the pressure in the gas
generator by several pounds, in consequence of the diminishing pressure in the
tank, which will correspond to the amount of liquid combustibles discharged
therefrom. The pressure in the conducting pipe can be made uniform or equal to
the pressure in the generator, which is determined by the safety valve L, by
menus of the equalizing valve g³; but, when the pressure in the tank U₁ has been
reduced to the pressure in the generator, more air will have to be forced into the
tank in order to force the combustible liquid through the equalizing valve. The
pressure within the tank. can be kept constantly above the pressure in the
generator by means of an air pump driven constantly by mechanical power, or a
constant or equal pressure can be maintained by the introduction of gas in lieu of
air, said gas being forced therein by means of a pipe connecting the tank with the
dome or a branch pipe connecting with the discharge pipe 81. The combustible
liquid can also be forced directly into the super-heater through pipe 2+1 and
fitting y; the flow will be controlled by valves 84 and 85.
When powdered gas producing material is to be utilized and forced into the
generator in combination with water or other liquids, it can be done by connecting
a pipe 70 with the induction pipe c¹ to the pump; the top of the pipe 10 can be
provided with a suitable receptacle k0 for receiving the powdered material, which
can be discharged therein by means of a spout m0 or some other suitable
contrivance. The pipe or conduit 70 must be kept quite full of the material to
prevent the ingress, of air, which, if admitted, would stop the induction of water
to the pump. The end of the pipe or nipple terminating in the fitting o³ can
extend beyond the outlet of the induction pipe c and into or near to the nipple ;
thus producing an exhaust or suction in pipe 10 which will facilitate the induction
of the powdered material and prevent the tendency to pack in the pipe 70.
Combustible liquids can be mixed or combined with the powdered material
while descending in pipe 10, simply by connecting the induction pipe k with the
pipe 10 by means of nipples or pipe 291 and controlling valve 86. By closing
valve 4 on pipe k and opening valve 86, the combustible liquid will mingle with
the powdered material and be drawn into the pump with the water and forced
therefrom into and through the generator, where it will be evolved, to gas for
'motive power beating and illuminating purposes. In case the powered material
should be used, after being converted to gas in the high pressure gas generator as
a motive power, it will be necessary, at first, to make a fixed gas therefrom,
thereby converting all of the hydro-carbonaceous solid matter into a gaseous form
and thence forcing it through a washing apparatus wherein the ash or earthy

page_text: matter will be separated therefrom, thus preventing the wearing or cutting away
of the frictional parts of the motor.
The liquid and powdered combustibles can be at first mixed together and then
put into the tank U¹ and forced therefrom by atmospheric or gaseous pressure, in
the manner as above described, in forcing the liquid combustibles from the tank to
the generator.
The aforegoing described features are of importance when taken in connection
with a high pressure gas generating apparatus; and also, the device for carburetting
steam or water gas, and the products of combustion shown in Figure 20 are
important. The tank U' is partly filled with combustible liquid Ĕ, leaving a
space Q³ for gaseous vapor. The steam pipe a leading from the dome conducts
gaseous vapor or steam into the tank U¹. The steam is controlled-by valve 87;
on opening this valve, the steam or gas is forced down into the conical termination
on the lower end of the pipe and sprayed out therefrom into the surrounding
combustible liquid whereby it becomes carburetted and is discharged therefrom
through pipe 281 and controlling valve 43 into injector R³, where, by the force from
the generator, the gas from the tank U' will draw and force the products of combustion
from the pipe Q into 2t1 and thence into the super-heater O, shown in Figures, 2, 7,
8, 11, 15 and 18, from whence it is discharged into purifiers and from thence into
suitable places of use, as hereinbefore specified. The tank U must be strong
enough to sustain the pressure within the generator. The remaining parts of the
apparatus, shown in Figure 20, and not described, are similar in construction and
operation to the generator hereinbefore shown and described.
In Figure 21, a tank U¹ is shown, charged with liquid combustibles which is
volatilized in said tank by means of steam, gas or vapor and the products of com-
bustion which are forced and inducted therein by steam pipe g³, pipe Q and
injector R¹; valves 29 and 30 are for controlling the steam and the products of
combustion. The tank U¹ is charged with liquid combustibles through the cup u³;
the steam or gas which is generated in the high pressure generator is conducted
through pipe g³ and is discharged into the injector, through which it passes and at
the same time drawing and forcing the products of combustion from the stack S,
through pipe and finally discharging the combined mixture into and through
the inverted spray funnel, where it comes in contact with the combustible liquid
and thereby carburetted. The gaseous mixture is now forced through pipe 2 v 1
into the super-heating coil within the generator; the flow of the gaseous mixture
is controlled by valve 88; said mixture is now forced through the super-heater and
discharged therefrom either through pipe s¹ or through pipe w³ into the purifier H¹a
where it becomes purified and discharged therefrom and conducted by pipe o*,
provided with controlling valve 51, into a gas-holder, from whence it is conducted
by gas main p; the flow being controlled by valve or equalizing valve 52 which
is surrounded by a box gr. Pipe c' is for conducting gas from the holder Gb to
the hollow perforated grate d' shown in Figures 15, 16 and 18; the flow in pipe c*
is controlled by valve 32.
The gas-holder Gb is sunk into a pit or shaft Ps which is made in any suitable
manner. The holder Gb should be somewhat less than one half of the depth of the
shaft, and when there is no gas therein, the holder should be filled with water, and
also a few inches of water should be on the top of said holder for the purpose of
affording sufficient pressure to expel all of the gas from the holder when necessary.
While the gas is being forced through pipe o into the holder into space S, the
water is being discharged from the holder through pipe n³, consequently, the
displacement of water Te in the holder is transferred to the top of the holder,
the weight of which counterbalances the pressure of gas in said holder, and also,
the pressure will be equalized while the gas is being forced from said holder.
A tube, provided with a float, can project through the top of the head and
extend to the bottom of the holder for the purpose of indicating the amount of
water or gas in the holder. The top of the shaft should be covered over during

page_text: cold weather and if left open during warm weather a fence should be made around
the circumference.
Gas or steam to drive the pump is conducted thereto through pipe l, while the
water is forced by the pump to the generator through_pipe o. The pipe 2u1 is
for conducting off the condensation from the separator H.
In Figure 22, a high pressure gas generator is represented with a purifier H'a
which is charged with purifying material through the cup u 51. The gas which is
generated in the generator is forced therefrom through pipe s' into said purifier
and from thence through pipe o' and controlling valve 51 into a submerged gas-
holder Gb. Ra represents the top of the. holder; Sa and T gas and water in
said holder. This water is forced, by the pressure of the gas which is being
generated in the high pressure gas generator, from the gas-holder Gb up through the
long leg n of the syphon 3 a 1 through the check valve 2 a 1 and small syphon 2 w 1
from whence it falls into the shaft or reservoir P*, while the holder is being filled
with gas; after which the water will remain at rest and keep the gas in the holder
under a pressure due to the height of the column of water in the long leg of the
syphon; but when the pressure is removed by discharging the gas from the holder,
the column of water in the long leg n³ will fall and also the check valve 2x1 will
close and prevent the admission of air into the syphon 3 a 1, thus tending to form
a vacuum in the upper part of the syphon, which will be filled by the opening of
the check valve 2y1 in the short leg 21 from the reservoir Pa until the gas is all
discharged and the water transferred to the holder.
By the above described process a constant pressure on the gas-holder can be
maintained; while the generator is at work, said pressure will be due to the height
of the vertical column in the long leg of the syphon n 8; if this height should be
one hundred feet there would be a pressure of about forty-seven pounds per square
inch exerted on the gas, which will be constant while the generator is at work.
With this pressure, an engine can be driven; the gas can be conducted through
pipe p, Tee fitting 8, controlling valve 64 and pipe q 8. The exhaust being
through pipe 88 into a furnace or other places of use or by closing valve 67 the
exhaust can be through pipe 78, valve 66 and Tee fitting v8 into the street
main h 8 where the back pressure will be so slight that the movement of the
engine will not be materially affected thereby. An equalizing valve u 8 is
employed on the main pipe p 8 for the purpose of maintaining an equal pressure
at all times in the street mains and service pipes.
Whenever the syphon 3 a 1 is above the height of thirty-two feet, a cross
connecting pipe 361 should connect the two legs n 8 and 221 at about thirty
feet from the lower end of the long leg, whereby, when the generator is not at
work, the pressure on the holder will be immediately reduced from one hundred to
about thirty feet or from forty-seven to fifteen pounds which will constantly
decrease until the gas in the holder is displaced by the water above the holder,
said water being transferred by the syphon. The short leg of said syphon need
not project above the connecting pipe 361, but the check valve 2 x1 or an.
equivalent thereof, must remain at or near the discharge end of the long leg n 8.
The valves 65 and 68 are for controlling the flow of gas in the main pipe p 8; the
valves are surrounded by a box U and cover thereon so that they may be easy of
access at all times. The construction and operation of the high pressure gas
generator is the same as shown in the preceding Figures.
In Figure 23 a high pressure gas generator is shown in a building; this
generating apparatus is like those shown in preceding Figures. The gas-holder Gb
is in communication with the generator and without the interposition of a purifier
as shown in Figures 21 and 22. The gas is forced through pipe s' into fitting y 8
and pipe o 4 from whence it is discharged into the gas-holder; pipe o 4 is a part
of the street main and does the double duty of supplying the gas-holder with gas
and conducting said gas to the continued main pipe p' which is provided with a
valve 52 and equalizing valve u 8 which answers the purpose above described in
Figure 22.

page_text: The important feature shown in Figure 23 is in submerging the gas-holder in
a pond of water, river or sump, where it is firmly anchored. This holder is without
a bottom and rests upon a foundation which will admit of a free ingress and egress
of water so that when gas is forced into the top of the generator an amount of
water due to the pressure of the gas will be displaced; all deposition of gas tar-
will be carried away at the bottom of the holder by the surrounding water; an
important advantage is that the gas-holder can be made of light material, for the
reason that the pressure on the holder is equal at all times whether full of gas or
water. To ensure an equal pressure, the holder should be submerged in twice its
depth of water; where the water is shallow, the area of the holder can be made
to suit the depth of water and the quantity of gas required: only one pipe is
shown for the induction and eduction of gas in connection with the gas-holder,-
but two pipes can be employed, one of which can project nearly to the bottom
edge of the holder and discharge the gas therefrom into the surrounding water,
where it will become purified thereby, on its ascent through the water, and also,..
the necessary purifying apparatus can be interposed between the generator and
submerged gas-holder.
In Figure 24, a gas-holder Gb is represented as being built inside of a reser-
voir Eb; this reservoir can be built of any suitable material and with an inverted
cup or gas-holder Gb secured therein in such a manner that it cannot raise or float-
out of its position. It is not necessary that the holder should be in the form of a
cylinder or provided with side or sides as shown in the figure, for a division plate
which now answers for the top of the holder can be built into the side of the
reservoir, while the centre of the plate can be anchored to, and supported by, the
bottom of the reservoir in a suitable manner by stay-bolts, or said plate can be
secured and supported in any other suitable manner that can or may suggest itself
to a mechanic or mechanical engineer.
The holder is provided with two domes gu and gt, which project just above the
water Fb that covers the top of the holder, when the gas in the holder is all
discharged; thus preventing any water from entering the induction and eduction
gas pipes gs and gr which project above the low water line in the reservoir. This
low water line should be from six to ten inches above the division plate Jb so as
to afford sufficient pressure to force all of the gas through the main.
.
It is not necessary that the pipes gs and gr should project up through the
bottom of the reservoir Eb for they can project down and be connected to the top
of the domes gu and gt and serve their purpose as well as in in the position shown.
As the pressure in the gas-holder is variable, an equalizing valve u 8 shown in
Figure 23 should be employed in connection with the eduction pipe gr and also
it should be placed outside of the controlling valve 52 as shown in Figure 23, and
furthermore, but one pipe for induction and eduction can be used in connection
with the holder, the same as shown at o 4 in the afore-mentioned Figure.
The reservoir Eb is an artificial substitute for the natural pond of water shown
in Figure 2.3. In country towns or places contiguous to ponds or water courses of
sufficient depth of water, the gas-holder can be located therein and answer the
purpose of the present gas-holder now in use; where the water is not of sufficient
depth in said pond or water courses, the bottom thereof can be dredged until such
depth is obtained and also sumps can be formed in the course of a running brook
of water, the induction therein and eduction therefrom being filled and discharged
by said brook or stream of water. The holder can be located in said sump and
made to do the duty required of the natural pond or artificial reservoir; and
further the gas-holder can be submerged in lakes and harbors and serve the purpose
of the above-mentioned ponds, sumps and artificial reservoirs. The operation of
the gas-holder shown in Figure 24 is as follows;-the gas is at first generated in
the high pressure gas generator shown in Figures 1. 2, 3 &c., from which it is
forced through the induction pipe g 8, from whence it is discharged into the dome gu,..
from thence upon the surface of the water Fb within the holder; the pressure of
the accumulating gas forces the water from the holder up through the pipes gq,

page_text: where it rests upon the plate Jb or on top of the gas-holder, thus equalizing the
pressure upon both sides of said plate Jb; while the gas is being discharged from
the holder, the water will return through said pipe 99 and fill the space occupied
by the displaced gas. Thus, by the arrangement above described, the gas will
remain at all times under a varying pressure, the minimum of which should
correspond nearly to the pressure of the gas in the eduction pipe leading from the
equalizing valve. Valve 57, in box 1b, is the controlling valve for controlling the
flow of gas between the high pressure gas generator and the gas holder; valve 52,
in box Hb, controls the outflow of gas from the gas-holder.
A gas-holder Gb is shown in Figure 25, as being buried in the earth and
partly filled with water F, which is conducted from the water F in a pond or
other source from which water can be obtained by pipe go and controlling valve 54.
The gas is inducted through pipe gs and valve 51 and pipe ga-gr from whence it
is discharged into the dome gu and thence upon the surface of the water which is
now forced out by the accumulating gas from the high pressure gas generator
through pipe gg into the pond or an equivalent thereof. This pond can be a long
distance from the gas-holder and connected with the holder by a suitable conduit
or pipe, which may run over hills and syphon the water from said pond into said
gas-holder. But, in all cases, the source from which the water comes should be a
suitable height above the gas-holder, in order to force the gas from said holder.
The exit of the gas will be through pipe gr-gs and gr, controlling valve 52 and
an equalizing valve shown in Figure 23.
A reservoir equal in capacity to the gas-holder can be located at any convenient
distance from the gas-holder and connected thereto by a suitable connection and
furnish water to operate or force the gas from the holder, and also to receive the
water when forced from the holder by the gas. The gas-holder need not necessarily
be buried in the earth, for one of sufficient capacity can be built on the surface and
strong enough to withstand the pressure derived from the tank when said tank is
filled with water.
Figure 26 is a vertical longitudinal section of an ordinary tubular boiler,
showing a power pump J which forces water and liquid combustibles therein.
The water is drawn through supply pipe c¹ and controlling valve 5 while the
liquid combustibles are drawn in through pipe k and controlling valve 4; the two
induction pipes meet in Tee fitting o, the outlet of which is connected to the
pump by a close nipple do shown in Figure 2. The eduction of the water and
liquid combustibles is through pipe o and controlling valve 2 into fitting No¹, from
thence through controlling valve 73 and pipe c9 from which it is sprayed out
through apertures d9. The boiler is fed with water or combined water and liquid
combustibles through the said pipe c9 into the surrounding water in boiler MA,
wherein it becomes heated in its passage through the heated water to the surface
thereof, where the vapors or gases evolved therefrom mingle with the steam and
pass off to the motor, and from thence to the furnace wherein it is burned, or, said
combined steam and vapor or a gas can be conducted to a super-heating conduit,
wherein, on its passage, it will become converted to a fixed gas, which can be
stored in a gas-holder for subsequent use, or it can be conducted to furnaces for
immediate use: this method for generating a gaseous vapor for subsequent
treatment in retorts and gasogenes is an important feature in connection with the
manufacture of gas from coal.
When the boiler has a sufficient supply of water, but not enough of liquid com-
bustibles, the valve 5 can be closed, thus allowing the liquid combustibles to be forced
in alone. If the liquid combustibles is highly volatile or easily volatilized, it can
be forced into the steam chamber through C9 a into spray pipe d9 a, from whence
it will be sprayed out into the surrounding steam or gaseous vapor where it will
readily commingle therewith and be conducted to the pump through pipo ỉ and
through pipe m to whatever place or places desired; any undue pressure of gaseous
vapor in the boiler will escape through the safety valve L.
A vertical longitudinal section of a steam generator is shown in Figure 27, into

page_text: which water or combined water and liquid combustibles are forced by means of a
'pump, injector or any other suitable device. The means for injecting the liquids
either separately or conjointly can be in connection with either of the pipes 60–
e9-c9; when connected with pipe c9 the liquids will be .sprayed out into the
surrounding water and as the liquid combustibles are more easily volatilized than
the water, the volatilization of said liquid combustible will mingle with the steam
in the steam chamber and form an inflammable gaseous vapor, which can be con-
ducted away through pipes to places of immediate use, either for illuminating
purposes or for propelling motors, the exhaust gaseous vapors of which can be
conducted to the boiler furnace where said gaseous vapor will be burned, the heat 1
of which will be utilized to generate gaseous vapor or gas continuously while the
motor is running; when the eduction pipe for conducting the liquids from the
device for injecting the said liquids into the boiler is connected to the pipe e 9°or do
shown in Figure 28, said liquid will be forced into chamber q 9, Figure 28, and from
thence, through internal pipes h 9, the liquids are discharged into the header or 1
chamber r9 located at or near the front end of the boiler as shown in Figure 27.
The combined liquids are now forced through the external pipe u 9 back into
the chamber 89 in the rear header 7 9, from which the combined liquids are forced
up through pipe c 9 into horizontal pipe C 9, from thence through the discharging
orifices d 9. The internal pipes h 9 can be provided with holes ha for the discharge
of the liquids into the surrounding pipe. The pipe i 9 connects the boiler with the
hollow bridge wall at or near the bottom thereof, while the top of the said
hollow bridge wall is connected to the front header by a pipe on each side of the
furnace; by this means, the combined water and liquid combustibles are circulated
from the boiler through the circulating pipes, bridge wall and headers 9, from
thence through pipes c 9 into the boiler.
ቀ
The hollow bridge wall P 9 or La¹ and Za¹, shown in Figures 32, 33, 34 and 35
extends from below the bottom of the ash-pit to near the crown sheet of the
boiler Me shown in Figures 32, 33, 34 and 35. This bridge wall is provided with
⚫apertures w9 through which the products of combustion and unconsumed gases are
drawn; the air passages or flues y 9 through the hollow bridge wall and the pipe z 9
therein are for conducting and discharging air and gases into the draft of the
products of combustion and unconsumed gases, where, by the combination, a
complete combustion is obtained in the combustion chamber back of the bridge wall.
The air should be blown into the air space or chamber by a suitable blower, while
the gaseous vapor can be supplied from the exhaust of an engine which is run by
the high-pressure gaseous vapor. Air for natural draft in the bridge wall can be
drawn through the register attached to pipe k 9 but when pressure is required to
obtain the requisite draft the said register can be closed and the air forced into the
chamber a-i—r.
In Figure 30 a device is shown for making gas in a retort 09 located in the
smoke box and uptake of the gaseous vapor generator BA. The liquid com-
bustibles are conducted from a tank Kal through the pipe m9 into an injector 79
and from thence it is discharged by a jet of steam or gaseous vapor which is
conducted from the dome through pipe n9 into and through said injector, into the
retort o 9 wherein it becomes vaporized or converted to a fixed gas and thence
discharged therefrom through pipe j9 into the pipe z 9 which conducts and
discharges the said gas or vaporization into the combustion chamber in the rear of
the bridge wall, where it comes in contact with the deflecting bridge Ja which
deflects the flaming gases up against and between the circulating conduits u 9 and
to the crown sheet of the generator or boiler Mal where the flame is arrested and
diverted down to and between said circulating pipes and thence on and through
the upper tubes to the front end of the generator, thence through the lower tubes
into and through the uptake. A sectional plan view of the circulating tubes or
pipe are shown in Figure 31. The power pump E' and J is connected by pipe do
with the rear header 79. This header is provided with two compartments 89 and
99 one of which is for the admission of liquids which circulate as indicated by

page_text: arrows, through pipe v 9 and is discharged therefrom into the front header † 9 from
thence the liquids return through pipes u9 and are discharged therefrom into
chamber 89 and from thence through pipe c0 into pipe c9, from whence it is
discharged through the perforations d9 into the interior of the gaseous vapor
generator. Valve 73 on pipe c 9 is for the purpose of allowing pipe c 9 to be blown
off when required. Pipes e0 and fo, shown in Figure 31 and eq, shown in
Figure 30 are for blowing off the circulating pipes and headers.
The water and liquid combustibles are fed by the pump E¹, J, which derives its
motive force through pipe and controlling valve 1 from the generator Ma¹, shown
in Figures 26, 32 and 33 into internal feed pipe 9, which may or may not be
perforated, from whence the water and liquid combustibles are discharged into the
external pipe u 9, shown in cross section in Figure 34, or into the header p 9,
shown in Figures 30, 31 and 33, from whence the said liquids are forced back,
through the external pipe u 9, into the rear header 79, from whence it is discharged
through pipe c9 into the generator Mal. The air supply for the hollow bridge wall
is drawn or forced through the conduit k 9.
In the cross section of the generating apparatus, Figures 32 and 33, the hollow
bridge wall Lal is shown with apertures w9 through which a portion of the draft
or product of combustion escapes while the remaining portion passes between the
crown sheet and the top of the said hollow bridge wall. The pipes u9 project
through openings in said bridge wall, the air holes 9 communicate with the
vertical flues shown in Figures 34 and 35. The valve jo is to control the
admission of air to the bridge wall, shown in Figure 33. The front end of
the generator is partly removed for the purpose of showing the arrangement of the
header p9; to this header all of the pipes u9 are secured while their other ends
thereof are secured to the rear header 79; in order to provide for the contraction
and expansion of the circulating heating pipes a grooved support g0 is inserted in
the side walls of the structure; into this groove the supporting lugs h0 enter and
slide back and forth in accordance with said expansion and contraction, thereby
preventing any undue strain upon the joints; valve and pipe i0 are for blowing
off the header p 9.
The hollow bridge wall is shown in vertical section in Figure 34, broken vertical
section, Figure 35 and cross section Figure 36. This bridge wall can be made of
cast or wrought iron with all of the necessary flue and air spaces therein; w-a-t-e-r
indicates the water space and a-i-r the flue space for air. The short cylinders a 0
through which the pipes 9 project are cast with the bridge wall, while in
Figure 35 only one half of the cylinders a 0 is formed, thus forming recesses in
which the circulating pipes rest. The herein described invention can be applied to
all classes of shell, tubular or pipe boilers or to all devices in which steam may
or can be generated for motive power or heating purposes whether on land or water.
Locomotive boilers can be used to generate the gaseous vapor or gas, which can
be employed for the motive power to drive said locomotive, while the exhaust
gaseous vapor or gas from the locomotive engines or motors can be conducted to
the furnace thereof and burned therein, whereby the heat generated from said
combustion, high pressure gaseous vapor or gas is generated in quantity sufficient
to supply the cylinders or motors of the locomotive and the combustion in the
furnace thereof.
Marine boilers can be utilized to generate high pressure gaseous vapor in a
manner and the high pressure gaseous vapor or gas utilized to drive the
engines with, while the exhaust gaseous vapors or gas therefrom can be
ted to the boiler furnace and be burned to generate high pressure gaseous
or gas in sufficient quantity to supply the engine and furnaces without
ring any other means for motive power and fuel for generating said motive
ower. By this means, high pressure engines can be used on ship-board in lieu of
the low-pressure or condensing engines now in use. The amount of heat saved by
discharging the exhaust into the furnace will be greater than when saved by
condensation prior to its return to the boiler, and furthermore, the effects derived'

page_text: from the combustion of the exhaust gaseous vapor or gas will more than equilize
.the force exerted upon the piston by means of the vacuum.
.
A broken sectional view of the high pressure gas or gaseous vapor generator
shown in Figure 1 is shown in connection with the carburetting tank U₁ and a
bench of retorts, shown in Figure 37. The pipes Q and Q³ are for conducting the
.products of combustion from the high pressure gas or gaseous vapor generator and
the bench of retorts R². These two pipes Q and Q unite at the injector R¹ and
.the contents thereof are discharged into the inverted spray funnel b from whence
the contents ascend through the combustible liquid E' into the open space Q³; from
thence the products or gaseous vapor are forced through pipe V', valves 50 or 51
and pipe L or K2; when forced through pipe L³ and valve 52, on opening
valves 53, 54 and 55 on pipe w³, the gaseous vapor or gas will be discharged into
the retorts Nº. The flow of gaseous matter therein can be regulated by the
above-mentioned valves. The fixed gases pass from the retorts through stand
pipes o into the main. P* from whence it can be conducted to whatever place
necessary.
Pipe, with controlling valve 49 is for conducting steam or gas or gaseous vapor
to the injector R¹ and is used as a motive force for exhausting the products of
combustion from the stacks of the high pressure gas generator and the bench of
retorts R. The high pressure gas or gaseous vapor generator B A, shown in
Figures 1 and 2, can be applied or used in connection with all classes of retorts for
generating either illuminating or heating gases: but, whenever the generative
force of the gas is to be utilized for a motive power whereby high pressure is
required, the retorts will have to be made of some material and in such a manner
that they can withstand the pressure required, the minimum of which should
be about fifty pounds, while the maximum need not exceed two hundred pounds
per square inch.
When any part of the gas is made from coal, it should be purified before passing
through a motor, thus avoiding the gumming up or fouling the motor with coal tar,
which might or would be the case were the gas to be conducted directly from the
retorts to said motors; and also, the apparatus for purifying the gas should be
made strong enough to resist the pressure while passing through to the motor or
while being transmitted long distances through pipes for the various purposes
hereinafter expressed.
.
Heating furnaces of all classes can be supplied with gas directly from the retorts,
wherein it can be made in connection with the high pressure gas or steam or
gaseous vapor generator in ample or sufficient quantity to meet the demands of any
furnace in use; when furnaces are made of sufficient strength the gas or gaseous
vapor can be forced in under any pressure less than the maximum capacity of the
generating apparatus. When the gas is properly fixed it can be forced long
distances and supply gaseous fuel for furnaces, and to fill gas-holders for illuminating
and heating purposes..
When gas is to be made exclusively for heating purposes for immediate use and
without the necessary fixation and purification required in its manufacture for
illuminating gas, and a high pressure is not needed, the following method or
process can be adopted, with the apparatus herein described, that is, wherein the
'description refers to the production of gas by means of the high pressure gas
generator, carburetter and retorts, shown in Figure 39.
When solid carbons are to be utilized in the production of gas the retorts N³ are
to be charged therewith, fire made in the furnaces and the retorts and contents
thereof heated to incandescence; in the meantime, fire is made in the furnace of
the high pressure gas generator, and the carburetting tank U' is charged with a
suitable supply of combustible liquid, after which the, combined apparatus is ready
for the operation of manufacturing a heating gas for immediate use; said gas
being made by decomposing and recomposing the elements which form water,
combustible liquids and solid carbonaceous matter. On opening valve 49, steam,
gas or gaseous vapor will be discharged from the high pressure generator through

page_text: pipe into the injector R', which on opening either one or both of the valves
47-48, the products of combustion will be drawn or exhausted thereby from either
one or both of the uptakes of the high pressure generator and bench of retorts,
through eduction pipes Q-Q and discharged or forced through pipe Q into the
perforated funnel, from whence it is sprayed out into the surrounding combustible
liquid E³ wherein the gaseous mixture becomes carburetted as it ascends to the
space Q from which it is forced by the incoming gaseous mixture through pipe V¹,
on opening valve 50, into pipe L, from thence, on opening valves 52-53-54
and 55, through pipes w³ into the retorts N' where it comes in contact with the
incandescent carbonaceous material, the gas of which combines with the incoming
gaseous mixture and passes off through suitable conducting pipes o³ into places for
immediate use.
A portion of the carburetted gaseous mixture can be diverted from pipe V' on
opening valve 51 and forced through pipe K³ into the furnace and burned therein,
the heat generated thereby aiding in generating gas from the coal in the retorts;
enough of the gaseous mixture can be diverted to supply all of the heat required
in the said retort furnaces without other fuel; instead of diverting the gaseous
mixture from pipe V₁, it can be conducted by suitable pipe connections from the
main pipe P and discharged into the furnace thereby transmitting all of the heat
which is in the gas to the furnace, thus saving an amount of fuel which would be
required to produce the amount of heat so transmitted. When the gas is to be
stored in gas-holders or forced long distances for heating and illuminating purposes
it should be thoroughly fixed in the retorts and then purified.
The two pipes Q and Q can be dispensed with and employ only the gaseous
products from the high pressure generator in connection with the carburetter U',
and also, steam can be generated in the high pressure generator and forced through
the carburetter wherein it will become carburetted and from thence into the retort
where it will combine with the incandescent carbonaceous substance and pass off
in a gas to places of use.
The high pressure generator can be employed in connection with the retorts
without the interposition of the carburetting tank U₁, simply by forcing water and
combustible liquids into the generator, where a gas or gaseous vapor will be formed
under pressure, and discharged therefrom into the retorts, where with the carbo-
naceous substance therein a fixed gas will be formed for the purpose already
specified. When the carburetter is employed in connection with the high pressure
generator and retorts, two or more should be employed and suitably arranged and
connected, so that the gaseous vapor, gas or steam from the high pressure generator
can be forced through either one of them, as will be required, on account of
recharging with combustible liquids. If but one tank is used the liquid can be
forced therein against the back pressure by means of a pump or other forcing
devices.
The exterior of the high pressure gas generating gasogenes Us and T³ shown
in Figure 38 should be made of boiler plate iron firmly riveted and caulked,
for the purpose of making them gas-tight and to sustain the pressure required
for the purposes for which high pressure gas may or can be used. The shell
of these gasogenes can be made of cast iron in sections with suitable flanges
cast there with and which can be held firmly together with bolts. The interior
of the shell can be lined with suitable refractory material, fire-clay, asbestos
cement or any other material of a similar nature. The gasogene seen in vertical
section is provided with grate bars a on which the fuel for combustion is placed;
a perforated arch 66 is formed a suitable distance above the grate, thus forming a
combustion chamber U³. The chamber Us above the arch 60 is partly filled with
coal Z or it can be filled with lime rock or any other material from which an
inflammable gas can be evolved; an air space or ash-pit T is formed beneath the
grate a into which air is forced through pipe con opening gate g by blower V.
The discharge of the blower is connected to the outlet of Tee fitting e while to the

page_text: run of said fitting the conducting pipes of and d for conducting air to the
gasogenes are connected.
The chamber U³ is charged with gas producing material Z' through door o³.
The door W represented by dotted lines is where the refuse material can be
discharged or withdrawn; the door ³ is where the furnace Us is charged with coal
and through the door y the ash-pit is cleared of ashes and cinders. All of the
doors should be tightly fitted to the shell or casing and held in position by a
cotter bar or some other suitable contrivance whereby the doors can be easily
managed.
When the fires are first made in the furnace the products of combustion pass 1
through the openings in the arch be and through the material whereby it
becomes gradually heated while the products of combustion pass off through the
uptakes; thence through valve chamber M³ into and through the smoke-stack I³.
The fittings E³ and D³ can be made in the form as shown or in any other suitable
form which can or will perform the same or similar functions; these fittings are by
preference made of cast iron and bolted to the wrought iron casing or shell. The
outlets of these fittings are provided with the necessary adjuncts which consists in
the valve chamber M³, eduction pipes Q and 9, Fs and Gs; these pipes are
provided with controlling valves 47 and 48 which are operated by drop stems and
wheels and y³ and gates A and B³, which are operated by drop stems and
wheels and . The two pipes F and G are connected by Tee-fitting H³; to
the outlet of this fitting the eduction pipe C is secured and drops down between
the two gasogenes at any suitable distance from whence it is directed to any point
desired.
The valve pe should be made of heavy and refractory material and closely seated
upon a ledge in the interior of the fitting Es; this valve is provided with a stem of
and operating lever K³ which rocks or turus upon the fulcrum P³ when power is
applied to cord and handle me.
The two pipes Q' and Q connect the two gasogenes with the carburetting
tank U; the lower end of pipe Q is provided with the spray funnel 6. The
tank U is provided with the filling device u³, glass gauge 25 and drain cock
and receptacle he. The exit of the gaseous or volatile products from the tank U' is
through pipe V₁, from thence through either pipe K³ or K* or it may be forced
simultaneously through both pipes, from whence the gaseous product can be
discharged into the ash-pit T or furnace U³, by opening either of the valves 58 or
59 or 58 and 59a.
.
The drop pipe Q is provided with an injector R¹ which receives its injecting
force through conducting pipe 8' from the high pressure steam, gas or gaseous vapor
generating apparatus shown in Figure 1; the flow through pipe 8' is controlled by
valve 49.
In the top plan view, Figure 39 a complete plant of gas works are shown. The
distribution of the various parts of the apparatus or works can be arranged to suit
the area of the ground on which they are erected. The plant herein shown can be
increased in size or duplicated in whatever part or parts may be required to meet
the demand for gas and also one set of works can be used exclusively for the
manufacture of illuminating gas, while another set of works can be devoted to the
entire production of heating gas or both gases can be made in alternating periods
of time in either or both of the sets of works.
The gasogenes Us and T³ are located at a suitable distance from each other and
they are connected by pipes Q, Q, Q, H and Ke to the carburetting tank U¹;
pipe Q is provided with an injector R' which receives an injecting force from the
high pressure gas generator BA. This generator can be supplied with water or
combined water and combustible liquids by the forcing device J, E', which exhausts
said liquids from cistern or tanks B¹ and Ws through eduction pipes c¹ and k and
forces them through pipe o into said high pressure generator. The motive force is
conducted from the generator B A through pipe to cylinder J; the exhaust from
this cylinder is conducted through pipe gl to gasogene Ts or it can be conducted to

page_text: any other place or places of use. Pipes c and F are for conducting gas from the
gas mains G³ and E and discharging it into the furnace of the gasogenes TS and U³;
valves 63 and 62 are for controlling the discharge of gas through nozzle D*.
The pipes w6, a 7, 67, d7 and o7, with fittings 26, c7 and e7 are for con-
ducting water from pump cylinder E which receives its water through eduction
pipe 7 and from tank B and forcing it out through a sprayer in scrubbers B³, Bº¹,
the gas is discharged from the scrubbers through pipes and va into the
purifiers Hand H, from whence it is discharged through pipes Gs and G³¹ into
the gas-holder I or into other places for immediate use. The power pump Ea
and J receives its motive force through pipe from the generator BA; the
exhaust is discharged through pipe y into the gasogene U³.
Pipes c6, d 6 aud Tee e 6 are for conducting air from the blower. V' into the
gasogenes, the air being forced into the gasogenes alternately by opening and
closing gates or valves g 6a and g 6. The two exhaust pipes g1 and y 6 leading
from the pumps to the gasogenes are connected by pipe 3k 1, so that by the
controlling valves 90 and 91 the exhaust from both pumps can be forced conjointly
into the furnace of either one of the gasogenes.
The two supply pipes F and c for conducting gas from the mains G³ and E³ to
the furnaces of the gasogenes, are connected by pipe 3h1 for the purpose of
conducting gas alternately from one gasogene to the other; the two valves 94
and 95 are for controlling the action thereof.
The mode of manufacturing gas in the apparatus shown in Figures 38 and 39 is
as follows:-After the two gasogenes are charged with carbonaceous material Z³,
raise the valves 2 by pulling the cords m 6, n6 and then build the fires in the
furnaces U* and T, start the blower V₁; if gas is to be made first in gasogene Us,
open gate g 6 and blow the fire in furnace U until the material Z becomes incan-
descent, after which open gate f6 and close gate g6; in the meantime, steam should
be generated in the high pressure generator shown in Figure 1 and the carburetting
tank should be charged with a suitable supply of combustible liquids: open valve 4
on pipe k, Figure 1 and force the combustible liquids combined with water into the
high pressure generator, where a gaseous vapor or gas will be formed, which can
be fixed by passing through a super-heater in connection with the generator, when
necessary, or it can be conducted directly from the dome which is located within
the bonnet or shell. If the gaseous vapor or gas is forced from the dome to the
super-heater, the exit therefrom will be through pipe s','on opening valve 49, into
the injector R¹.
Now, considering that all parts of the apparatus are ready for the operation of
making gas, the following directions must be adhered to; close valve 48 and open
valve 47; close both valves p in the uptakes, so as to prevent the escape of the
products of combustion through said uptakes, thus diverting the said products of
combustion from gasogene Is through pipe qe shown in dotted lines to the
injector R¹, from whence it is discharged through pipe and sprayed out into the
combustible liquid E wherein it becomes carburetted.
Close gate Bs on eduction pipe G and open gate A³ on pipe F³, now open
valve 50 and plug cock 59 on pipe K³ whereby the gaseous mixture in the
carburetting tank is forced therefrom into the base or ash-pit of the gasogene, from
whence it is forced up through the heated material Z, where, in combination with.
the heated material a fixed gas is made, which is now forced through the outlet³
into and through eduction pipe F, gate A³ and Tee fitting H³, from whence it is
discharged through eduction pipe G³ into the necessary purifiers and gas-holders or
into places of immediate use.
After the heut in the gasogene U³ has been reduced to a temperature too low for
the production of a fixed gas, the following changes must be made. In order to
continue the process, valve 50 on pipe K and plug cocks 59 and 58" must be
opened and valve 50 and plug cocks 58-59 on pipes K³ closed-thus conducting
gaseous mixture from the carburetting tank U into gasogene T3; now open air.
gate g 6 ou pipe c6 and close air-gate ƒ on pipe dº, now close gate A³ on pipe.³

page_text: and open gate B³ on pipe G³ and then open valve 48 on pipe Q2 and close valve 47
on pipe q 6. The gas will now be making in gasogene T³ and. passing off through
pipe C by this method of making gas the products of combustion can all be
converted to a fixed illuminating or beating gas and stored in gas-holders for
subsequent use, but when required for immediate use in metallurgical or other
analagous furnaces that require a great amount of heat, the gas can be directed
therein and consumed, and without fixation and purification: it can also be
delivered under high or low pressure when required. These gasogenes can be
connected directly with the high pressure generator shown in Figure 1 without the
carburetting device U¹.
Super-heated steam can be generated in the high pressure generator and
discharged into the gasogenes and be decomposed by the material Z³ and
recomposed and forced out through the connecting pipes hereinbefore mentioned,
and also the super-heated steam can be employed to exhaust the products of
combustion and force them into the gasogenes, the same as above mentioned.
While the gas is being made in gasogene T³, the fires in gasogene Us are being
blown and the material heated for another change in the gates and valves as above
described. It will not be necessary to charge the furnace U with coal or other
solid fuel, for a portion of the gaseous mixture proceeding from the carburetting
tank U can be directed through pipe K on opening valve 50 and cock 58 and be
discharged through nozzle into the furnace, wherein, with the air from the
blower Va complete combustion will be effected, the heat generated therefrom
will be sufficient to heat the material Z by the time the change of valves and
gates are to be made.
When the change is made, plug-cock 59ª should be closed and 58 opened, thus
allowing the gaseous mixture to be discharged through pipe 2 into the furnace of
the gasogene T³. Therefore, after the fires are first made from solid fuel, there will
be no necessity for recharging again while the operation of manufacturing gas is
being carried on, with the exception of the time when the gasogenes are cooled off
for repairs or for other purposes, and furthermore, the gas which is stored can be
conducted to the furnace and furnish heat to commence operations with; after
which the hot gases can be employed for the purpose set forth; gas can also be
conducted from the gas main C³ to the furnace and burned therein.
The gasogenes can be charged with lime-rock or other substance analagous
thereto and the carbon expelled therefrom by the hot air blast which is forced
through the broken mass shown in the Figure. The carbonic acid gas which is
expelled therefrom is drawn and forced by the injector R¹ into the carburetting
tank U¹, where it becomes carburetted and then forced therefrom into the alternate
gasogenes where a thorough decomposition and recomposition of all the elements
are effected and thence forced away and stored for subsequent use.
The operation of manufacturing gas will be more fully understood by referring
to the top plan of a plant of gas works as seen in Figure 39. The description of
the several parts as given above will be referred to in the following description of
the operation thereof. To commence the operation, the gasogenes Us, T³ are at first
charged with carbonaceous substance and heated by fires built beneath said
substance. The valves p, shown in Figure 38 are left open for the escape of the
products of combustion for the purpose described in the preceding figure; in the
meantime, the fire should be built in the high pressure generator B A which has
been previously charged with water by pump J-E, drawn from cistern B', through
pipe, on opening valve 5 and forced through pipe o into the generator, where
steam is generated to drive the pump with prior to making the gas; the tank U¹
must have been charged with combustible liquids, prior to building the fires and
the material for purifying the gases in the purifiers H¹s and Ha' should be properly
arranged before the work for making gas commences.
The blower V should now be set in motion to blow the fire in one of the
gasogenes; if the fire is to be quickened in gasogene U³ gate or valve g 6 must be
opened, thus allowing air to be discharged into the furnace U shown in Figure 38.

page_text: After sufficient heat is derived therefrom in the gasogene, close valve g6 and open
valve 4 on pipe k, which leads from the tank or :cistern W³, which contains the
combustible liquids, thus allowing said liquid to be drawn with the water into the
pump, where it will be combined and forced therefrom into the high pressure
generator B A where a gaseous vapor or gas is formed and from whence it is
discharged on opening plug cock 13 on pipe & into the injector R' and from thence
into the carburetting tank U₁. Now that this part or division of the method is
ready for operation, open valve 77 on pipe Q and keep valves B³ on pipe G³ and 95
on pipe ca closed, after which open gate or valve ga on pipe do and blow
the fire in gasogene T. The products of combustion arising therefrom will be
drawn and forced by the injector through the combustible liquids in the carburetting
tank U¹ from whence it will be discharged on opening valve 92, through pipes Mo
and Ha into the furnace U of the gasogene Us, shown in Figure 38, from whence
the gaseous mixture will be forced up through the incandescent carbonaceous
material, where, in combination therewith, a fixed gas will be formed which will
be forced therefrom through pipe E³ on opening valve A³ into the scrubber Bal
where it will come in contact with a spray of water which will be forced therein
by pump J-E, through pipe w6 and a 7, on opening valve 60. The gas will
pass from the scrubber, through open pipe V into the purifier H and from thence
on opening valve 37 through pipe G into the gas holder I'.
After the heat has been so far reduced in the gasogene US, that a good gas
cannot be made, the following change must take place in order to make gas
continuously. Close valve g 6* on pipe do, thus preventing any more air from
entering gasogene To; open valve g 6 on pipe c6 and discharge air into the furnace
of the gasogene Us; close valve 77 on pipe Q, thus preventing any passage through
that pipe; open valve 76 on pipe Q thereby allowing the products of combustion
to be drawn by the injector R¹ and forced into the carburetting tank U¹ wherein
the gaseous mixture is carburetted and thence discharged therefrom on closing
valve 92 and opening valve 93, through pipe K, into the gasogene Ts, wherein it
rises through the heated material and becomes converted to. a fixed gas and thence
it is discharged therefrom through pipe G³, on opening valve B³, into the scrubber B",
wherein the gas will come in contact, with water spray, which is forced therein by
the pump JE, on closing valve 60 and opening valve 61, through pipe w6-67
-d7 and o7. The gas is forced from the scrubber through open pipe V³ into
purifier H and from thence on opening valve 37, through pipe G+, into the gas-
holder. After the reduction of heat in gasogene T, the valves and gates are
again to be changed as above described, whereby a continued process of making
gas is effected.
The two pumps are run by the high pressure gaseous vapor or gas generated in
the high pressure generator B A. The exhaust gaseous vapor or gas from these
pumps is conducted by pipes glaud y6 to the gasogene furnaces where it is
burned or it may be converted to a fixed gas, in connection with the gaseous
mixture discharged from tank U'. But, when converted to a fixed gas, the exhaust
from both pumps should be run or discharged into the same gasogene in which the
carburetted gaseous mixture is discharged; this is done by connecting the two
exhaust pipes g1 and 36 with pipe 3k 1 in the following manner, if gas is being
made in gasogene U³, valve 91 on exhaust pipe g 1 must be closed and valve on
pipe y 6 opened, thus allowing the exhaust in pipe gl' to pass through cross-
pipe 3 k1 into exhaust pipe y 6, where it unites with the exhaust gaseous vapor or
gas in said pipe y 6, from whence the exhaust from the two pumps is forced into
the furnace. When the change occurs for making gas in the gasogenè T, it is
only necessary to close valve 90 on pipe y 6 and open valve 91 on pipe g 1 to divert
the exhaust into the furnace of said gasogene T3; but, when said exhaust is to be
ased as a fuel, the same change of valves will occur, but in a reverse order or in
opposition to the conditions above described.
Gas can be conducted from the pipes G³ and E³ through pipes ca-Fa, on opening
alves 94, 95, 62 and 63; this gas must necessarily be conducted from the

page_text: discharge pipe of the gasogene in which gas is being made, to the gasogene in.
which the blast is in operation: this is effected by the cross-connecting pipe 3 h 1,
valves 94, 95, 62 and 63.
The principle herein enunciated and shown in Figures 38, 39 and 37 can be
applied to any gas works now in use and of sufficient magnitude to meet the
requirements of said works. The high pressure generator BA can be duplicated
as well as carburetting tanks and general apparatus for the purification of gas.
The gas can be made under high or low pressure as herein-before described,-
heating, or illuminating gases can be made when required,-two gas-holders can be
employed for storing heating and illuminating gases separately and alternately.
filled from the same works, or, one gasogene can be employed exclusively to
manufacture illuminating gas while the, other can be used for the manufacture
of heating gas as the difference of the two gases is in the quality or quantity of
carbon used. The change can be easily effected by the introduction of more or
less water and combustible liquid into the pump which will force the combined
liquid into the generator when gaseous vapor or gas is generated and forced
therefrom as above described
The tank U₁ can be provided with a perforated spiral or other suitably formed
coil, which, when of the spiral form, should be located near the top of the tank
with the perforated side underneath. This coil can be connected with a pump
which can force combustible liquids into the spiral coil and force said liquid out
into the tank in the form of a spray which will come in contact with the gaseous
mixture rising from the sprayer in the bottom of the tank; by dividing the
combustible liquid minutely, a more perfect volatilization will occur than when the
said liquid lays in a body as shown in Figure 38; only enough combustible liquid
need be forced in to supply the demand of the products to be carburetted.
In Figure 40, a high pressure gas generator is shown, in which a heating gas or
gaseous vapor can be made and stored for subsequent use, or the gas can be
discharged from the generator directly into a furnace for immediate use; and also,
an illuminating gas can be made in the same generator when desirable or when the
heating gas is not required for the furnace. The change from a heating gas is
made simply by turning valve 4 on pipe k; by turning this valve the requisite
amount of combustible liquid will enter the forcing device and be forced therefrom
into the generator wherein a fixed gas is formed, the quality of which can be
determined by a test light; if not enough carbon, valve 4 should be turned a little
more open and the reverse if too much carbon appears in the gas flame.
Heretofore, heating or illuminating gas has been made for metallurgical furnaces,
but at first stored in gas-holders and thence conducted therefrom to said furnaces.
The reason why this method has not been adopted for general use, is, that no
ordinary gas works can produce gas fast enough to supply an ordinary smelting or
blast furnace for continuous work, for the gas is, at first, made and stored in large
holders, after which it is discharged into the furnace and burned, and, as the
demand exceeds the supply, an intermittent action in the furnace is the result;-
consequently, a great amount of heat is lost from the cooling and re-heating of the
furnaces, and also the heat required to generate the gas has radiated therefrom
prior to filling or while in the gas-holder. In consequence of these defects and the
great cost of works for the production of the gas, the use of this agent for a fuel
in metallurgical furnaces, has become almost obsolete. Now to obviate these
defects the new method and means for making gas under high pressure has been
invented.
The apparatus shown in Figure 40, is of special construction for generating high
pressure gas, gaseous vapor or steam and in alternating periods of time. A highly
important advantage derived from the method of making gas under high pressure,
is that the gas so generated, can, by its own generative force, be discharged through
pipes to any distance required and discharged therefrom into furnaces for
· immediate use or to gas-holders for subsequent use; and also, where a furnace is

page_text: constructed to withstand a high pressure, the gas can be forced by its own
generative force therein, and under such pressure, that any intensity of heat
required can be obtained.
The quantity, quality and pressure of gas will not be found wanting. The gas
is at all times under perfect control; it can be increased or diminished simply by
turning a valve, and the supply to the furnace can be entirely cut off within five
seconds, by simply closing a valve; and furthermore, the apparatus can be making
steam within five minutes after closing valve 4 on pipe k.
When power is required at the reduction or smelting works, which is always
required to produce the air-blast, the generative force of the high-pressure gas or.
gaseous vapor, can be used to run the motor with and the exhaust gas from said
motor can be discharged into the furnace where it will be burned, thus acquiring a
double use of the high pressure gas or gaseous vapor. And furthermore the heat
that is within the gas when being discharged into the furnace, is equal in effect to
the same amount of heat derived directly from an amount of fuel required to
generate the said gas; consequently, that amount of fuel is saved, or in other
words, an equal amount of fuel would have to be consumed to produce the same
heat were the gas to be discharged into the furnace in a cold state. Therefore,
when the high pressure gas generator is located near by a furnace a saving of fuel
is effected by transferring the heat within the gas to said furnace, which will equal
the amount of fuel required to generate the gas minus the amount of heat lost by
radiation from the high pressure generator, while the effect of the heat in the
furnace will equal the transmitted heat plus the heat derived from a perfect
combustion of the gas.
The double use of a fuel is an important factor in an economical point of view,
when taken in connection with all classes of metallurgical furnaces and also in all
other furnaces where great heat is required.
In Figure 41, a sectional view of a reverberatory furnace is shown; the
interior G³ is the furnace, p³ is where the furnace is charged with metals or ore
and o 5 is where the molten metals are drawn off. A pipe q 5 through which
water is circulated is placed across the furnace to support the masonry at the
angle where the uptake in stack H and furnace unite. Air is driven into the
furnace by blower F through pipes and controlling valves 45 and 46.
The carburetting device shown in the Figure may or may not be used in con-
nection with the high pressure gas generator. But when the products of
combustion are to be utilized it will be found desirable to carburet the same and
which may be done in the following manner;-the tank U' is charged with a
suitable amount of combustible liquids E' after which gas or gaseous vapor is
forced from the high pressure generator through pipe 8', on opening valve 43, into
the injector R¹ when on its passage therefrom it draws and forces the products of
combustion through pipe Qinto the carburetting tank, wherein the products of
combustion, in combination with the gas or gaseous vapor, become carburetted and
thence discharged therefrom through pipe V₁, on opening valve 57, into the rever-
beratory furnace G³; when the products of combustion are not utilized, the gas
or gaseous vapor can pass through pipe a', on opening valve 42 and closing
valve 41, into the tank U' and from thence as above described. The tank can
be filled through cup u³ on opening valve 44. The pressure in the tank is known
by gauge the tank can be drained through pipe x, on opening valve 47, into
tank 1.
A smelting furnace X is shown in Figure 42. Air is forced into the annular
pipe Z and distributed by pipe 8, from which the air is discharged into the
furnace two pipes 28, one of which is not shown, conduct and discharge gas
into the furnace, on opening valve 69. These two pipes connect with pipe &¹,
which conducts the gas or gaseous vapor from the high pressure generator.
The carburetting device shown in Figure 41 can be interposed between the
smelting furnace and the high pressure gas generator as and for the purposes
above described.

page_text: The application of the high pressure gas generator shown in Figure 40 to all
classes of metallurgical furnaces is similar to what is shown and described in the
foregoing specification.
In lime kiln, Figure 44, the interior L¹ is to be filled with lime rock through an
opening in the dome M¹ which is covered by the door or cover N'. The wall of
the lime kiln should be made of suitable refractory material; the wall herein
shown is provided with an annular space V* which extends from the top to the
bottom thereof; the exterior of the inner wall can be provided with a jacket made
of iron; the exterior surface of the outer wall can also be provided with a similar
jacket which will give strength and firmness to the structure. An iron cap A¹
which may be made of cast iron is placed over the top of the kiln; to this top the
dome M¹ is fitted; a valve t is seated on the ledge a in the uptake leading from
the dome, this valve will rise and fall in accordance with the pressure in the kiln,
and also, a lever attachment can be affixed to the stem of the valve for the purpose
of raising the same when a natural draft is required, which will be the case when
the fire is at first started. The air supply for supporting the combustion is forced
through pipe Q where the current is divided at Tee fitting S¹, shown in dotted
lines, and from thence the two currents pass upward and are discharged into pipe P¹
which encircles the kiln; from this pipe the air is discharged through pipe w* into
the annular space and thence downward through said annular space to near the
bottom of the kiln from whence it is discharged through orifices 2* into the
interstices formed by the lime-rock, while the same is being burned. The air can
be blown in at other points, but when economy in fuel is required, it is better to
arrest the radiated heat by the air current and utilize the same by transmitting
it to the point of combustion, which can be done in the manner as shown.
The lime rock with which the kiln is charged is burned by a flame produced
from gas, made in the high pressure gas generator. shown in Figure 1; the gas is
forced therefrom through pipe S¹ into an injector R' from whence it is discharged
through pipe into the sprayer 65 and thence sprayed out into the combustible
liquid E in tank U' from whence it is discharged from the chamber Q³ through
pipe V¹ on opening plug cock Z¹ into an annular bent pipe W', from whence it is
discharged through a series of small pipes y, from thence into tuyerés '; from
whence it is discharged into the combustion chamber or the interstices between
the lime-rock, where it will mingle with the air-blast, which is forced through a
series of holes into said combustion chamber, thus uniting and generating a heat,
the intensity of which can be regulated by the amount of pressure, and gas, made in
the high pressure generator.
When the products of combustion and carbonic acid gas which is set free from the
lime-rock, is to be burned in the kiln, the process of burning the same will be as
follows; The pipe Q is connected to the dome M' and injector R¹; the high pressure
gas which is discharged into and through the injector, draws or exhausts and forces
the products of combustion through pipe Q in the tank Uinto the sprayer b³ from
whence it is sprayed out into the combustible liquid wherein it becomes carburetted
on its passage to the chamber Q³ from whence it is discharged into the lime kiln
as above described.
The lime after being burnt is discharged through door C. The abutment y'
supports the superstructure while the platform T is for the accommodation of the
workmen while attending to their duties. The high pressure gas or gaseous vapor
generator can be connected by pipe S¹ directly to the annular pipe W¹ and from
thence the gas or gaseous vapor from the generator can be discharged into the
furnace. A kiln or cupola can be constructed embodying the principles herein
shown and described, for burning garbage collected in cities and towns.
The pottery kiln C¹, in Figure 43, is provided with an annular bent pipe Dal and
a series of pipes a 9 and 69 connected thereto; the lower ends of these pipes project
through tuyerés E, E; these tuyerés connect with the pipe G¹. The gaseous
vapor is discharged from the generator through pipes into the annular bent
pipe Da¹ from whence it is distributed and forced through the series of conducting

page_text: pipes a 9-69, on opening valves 70-71, into the series of tuyerès E-E³, from
whence it is discharged in connection with the air, which is forced from pipe G to
the said tuyerés, into the combustion chamber where heat is generated for the
purpose set forth. The carburetting tank, shown in Figure 44, can be interposed
between the high pressure generator and the pottery kiln for the purpose above
specified, and also, the products of combustion can be conducted from the uptake to
the carburetting tank and therein carburetted and then forced to the combustion
chamber as specified in the description of preceding Figure 44.
In the drawing, Figure 45, a high pressure gas or gaseous vapor generator is
shown. The gas or gaseous vapor is conducted through pipes to an engine ✗;
valve 13 controls the induction of gas to the engine. The exhaust from the said
engine X is conducted to the furnace of a steam generator X³ wherein the gas is
burned, the heat of which generates steam in the boiler; this steam is conducted by
pipe y³ to a steam engine Z³; valve 72 is for controlling the induction of the steain
to the engine.
}
The exhaust steam from engine Z³ can be exhausted into a carburetting tank,
where it will become carburetted, from thence it can be discharged into a furnace
and burned, or it can be discharged into a suitable heating device wherein
the gaseous vapor can be converted to a fixed gas, from thence it can be discharged
into a gas-holder and be subsequently used for heating and illuminating purposes.
The steam which is exhausted from. engine Z³, after being carburetted as
mentioned above, can be conducted to the furnace of a steam boiler, similar to
.boiler X³ wherein said carburetted steam or gaseous vapor will be burned and
generate steam to drive another engine with; the exhaust steam of which can be
carburetted and conducted to still another boiler furnace wherein it will be utilized
to generate steam, for the purpose of driving another engine. This mode of
increasing power can be continued to any extent desired, and furthermore, the
carburetted exhaust from the last engine can be conducted to the furnace of
the first boiler, whereby a continued transmission of heat is effected throughout
the chain of boilers and engines. When large power is required, several engines can
be so arranged that the exhaust of each can be discharged into a carburetting
tank, wherein the steam will become carburetted and forced therefrom to a boiler
furnace or several boiler furnaces wherein the carburetted steam or gaseous vapor
will be burned and the heat derived therefrom utilized to generate steam to run
the engines with.
An application of the high pressure gas generator is shown in Figure 46. The
generator is located on the bank of a mountain stream of, water and where fuel is
easily obtained.
A fixed water gas is generated in the generator and forced through a pipe s'
which extends from the valley to the top of a mountain where mining operations
are carried on. This gas is used for a motive power to run motors X, while the
exhaust therefrom can be discharged into a gas-holder I' for subsequent, or into
furnaces, for immediate use. Gases for Heating, Illuminating and Motive power
and all other purposes for which fuel is used in and about mines, located on the top
of high mountains and other places, can be generated in the valleys below and
forced through pipes to the elevated place or places required, whereby the great
expenditure incurred in transporting fuel and water up the high altitudes, as is
now being done, can be entirely obviated. Therefore, it will be observed, that, by
the application of the High Pressure Gas Generator, as above.set forth, Motive Power
would be cheap when compared with its equivalent in Steam power.
The pipes for transmitting the High Pressure Gas can be laid for many miles up
mountain slopes and across the deep chasms until the Summit is reached and
from thence down into other valleys and up slopes and across table lands beyond,
and supply Motive Power, Light and Heat for the mining region through which
said pipes may pass.
In consequence of the non-condensability of the gas, the above described method
of transmitting power under very high pressure is rendered feasible or practical,

page_text: ,
when, by no other method, can Fuel, for Light, Heat and Motive Power, be trans-
mitted so cheaply as by the herein-described method, whereby it is made practicable
to generate a fuel in red-hot pipes, and, by its own generative Power, force the said
fuel through pipes extending from the base of a mountain range, to, and along the
snow clad summits thereof and dispense Light, Heat, and Motive Power, when and
wherever required.
So far as the supply and demand are concerned, the amount of gas to be mado
can be regulated and controlled by the pressure indicator at the generator. The
discharge pipe 8 should be provided with a check valve to prevent the back
pressure in the conducting pipe in case of an accident to the generating apparatus;
should an accident occur, the said check valve would stop the backward flow,
during any temporary absence of the engineer. Two or more generators should
be in use, or as relays, and properly connected to the main pipe so that in case of
accident, the operation of making gas can be continued without detriment to the
consumer.
.
Suitable connections and trapping devices can be attached to all depressions of
the pipe, which will occur over undulating surfaces, for the purpose of trapping off
any condensation that may occur and which will gravitate to the lowest point of
the depression. This condensation is an undetermined factor, the facts of which
will appear on a severe test, but let it be as it may, the traps will dispose of all
condensed matter, which may collect at the points designated.
Reasoning from a theoretical standpoint, it might be inferred that the amount
of condensation would remain an unknown quantity; for the Highly Heated High
Pressure Water Gas will be inducted into the main pipe in a thoroughly fixed state
or condition, the velocity of which will be determined by the eduction at the
terminal point or points. Now, therefore, if the demand for gas equals the supply,
said velocity will be so great, that all vaporization will be forced along with the
current and be discharged at the said terminal point or points, and furthermore, as
the velocity of gases through an open pipe is about one hundred miles in five
minutes, it is not unreasonable to infer that, with the velocity attained, after
deducting the co-efficient of the friction upon the interior of the pipe, that a
portion of the heat acquired in the generator would be transmitted many miles
among the mountains, consequently, if such action would be the result, there
would be no danger from congealation or aggregation on the interior of said pipe.
Figure 47 is an allustration of a broken longitudinal central section of a steam
ship, showing a high pressure gas or gaseous vapor generator located in the boiler
room. This gas generator is fully explained in Figures 1 to 18.
The high pressure gas or gaseous vapor generator is intended to generate gas or
gaseous vapor for motive power and heating purposes. The generative force is
conducted through pipe s¹ to the engine ✗, the exhaust of which is into and
through pipe at and from thence it is discharged into the furnace of the generator
where it is burned, the heat of which is utilized in generating more gas or gaseous
vapor
The combustible liquid is drawn from a sectional reservoir o7 which may be
located in any suitable part of the ship; the one shown in the drawing is located
in the stern of the ship or at the furthest point from the fire in the furnace of the
gas generator. The sectional reservoir consists of a suitable number of cylinders
which are made from suitable material, and they each hold about one hundred
gallons, more or less. One important feature of the sectional reservoir, is, that it
is located in a water tight compartment, which is filled with the water in which
the ship floats or moves. The cylinders are supported by two plates p7; a suitable
interval or space is allowed between the two bulk-heads 7 and 87 and the ends
of the cylinders; these cylinders are connected by a series of pipes m 7 and n 7.
The pipe connection is shown more clearly in Figure 49; the pipe 68 above the
top tier of the cylinders o7 communicates with all of the cylinders o 7contained
in the reservoir and it is the means by which the cylinders are filled with
combustible liquid. This liquid can be pumped from suitable reservoirs or tanks

page_text: along the side of a wharf or from a floating vessel o* or vehicle, shown in Figure 48,
and also, when the elevation of the reservoir or tank is elevated above the inlet
of pipe 68 the liquid will run in by its own gravity, while at the same time the
Gylinders are filling the air which is being displaced is forced out through the
pipe 7 and a 8. This pipe should be left open for the purpose of admitting air to
follow the surface of the liquid, while the liquid is being drawn therefrom to the
generator, shown in the boiler room, Figure 47. The wall 7 adjacent to the
propeller shaft is broken away as indicated by u, shown in Figure 47, thus
showing the connection of the eduction pipe k with the last or bottom cylinder of
the cylindrical reservoir which is shown as being upon one side of the ship while
a similar reservoir is shown upon both sides of the ship in cross section Figure 48;
both reservoirs can be connected and the contents thereof be discharged through
an eduction pipe. The holes 7 and w 7 are for the purpose of admitting the
water in which the vessel floats to flow out and in the compartments, whereby the
combustible liquid will be kept to the same temperature as the water through
which the ship moves; consequently, by the means herein-described for transporting
liquid fuel, there can be no danger of explosions, for no heat can get to the
reservoir to volatilize the liquid fuel and if one tank should give away or leak, the
contents would rise and sink and pass off through the two apertures 7 and w7;
these apertures can be so arranged that a constant current of water will flow
through the compartment while the ship is on its voyage,
The check valve 17 on pipe k is to prevent any back pressure on the sectional
reservoir which might accidentally occur with a deflective device for forcing the
water and liquid fuel into the generator.
A highly important feature of this invention is that sea water can be drawn
from the compartment or other suitable place and forced with the liquid fuel into
the generator where the aqueous matter will combine with the said liquid fuel
and form a gas or gaseous vapor, while the salt will be precipitated at a point for
removal by a trap or some other means; there will be no danger whatever of
clogging or scaling the conduits with either salt or water which is impregnated
with other salts, for the action of the water and steam in one of these generators is
such, that the security from scaling is complete, and is rendered doubly so when a
gaseous vapor is generated therein.
All of the condensation and precipitation of salt and tarry matter can be trapped
off and discharged overboard, therefore, no attention need be paid to the interior
condition of the generator while on a voyage. No fresh water need be carried for
steam power purposes; the item of expense for tankage disappears and the space
heretofore occupied therefor will be devoted to profitable uses; and also, the coal
bunkers now in use will be dispensed with entirely, and the space occupied
therefor can be devoted to freight.
As about three fourths of the heat for generating the motive power to propel
the ship with can be derived from the water through which said ship is moving, it
will be readily seen that nearly three fourths of the coal and all of the water
which is now taken on board for motive power purposes while the ship is in port,
can be dispensed with, while an equivalent for the remaining, nearly one fourth, of
coal or carbon required, can be carried in a liquid form in the reservoir provided
for that purpose and which can be located in any suitable place within the ship.
Another very important feature in connection with marine navigation is that
the high pressure generator which generates the gas or gaseous vapor does not
carry but a very small amount of water when compared with the amount carried
in marine boilers now in use; that is, when the generative power of the two
classes of generators are equal, and furthermore, the weight and space occupied for
equal power are about as two to five or about three fifths in favor of the high
pressure gas or gaseous vapor generator.
:
One, two or more of these generators can be used in accordance with the power
required; when two or more are used, the gas or gaseous vapor can be discharged
into the same dome and from thence conducted to the engines or the gas or gaseous.

page_text: vapor can be discharged through separate pipes leading to the engines; but in any
case, a valve should be placed between the discharge of the generator and the pipes
leading to the above mentioned dome or on the pipes leading to the engines, for the
purpose of cutting off the connection between said generator, dome or engines, when
repairs are made necessary by accident or otherwise.
As these generators are independent of each other so far as their furnaces are
concerned it becomes an easy matter to stop the pump and to check the exhaust,
whereby the fire is put out and the generating of gas ceases; after which the
apparatus cools off, thus allowing the two doors to be swung open, when the
necessary repairs can be made and the apparatus put in order, the valve on
the exhaust pipe turned, thus admitting the exhausted gas or gaseous vapor into
the furnace wherein it is burned, the heat of which generates gas or gaseous vapors
which are now forced into the engine on opening the valve on the eduction pipe. In
the meantime, while the generator is undergoing repairs, the remaining generator or
generators are producing motive power to propel the ship with, consequently, by
the use of two or more of the above mentioned high pressure generators, the ship
can be kept constantly moving while on her voyage.
One great advantage over the low pressure marine boilers now in use, is, that a
high pressure motive power can be attained in the high pressure generating
apparatus; a force can be generated under a pressure exceeding five hundred
pounds, if necessary, or at any pressure thereunder, and, as it is practical to run the
engines with three hundred pounds pressure, it can be seen that the result in speed
of the ship must be greatly in excess of what it would be were its engines driven
by a motive force not to exceed the pressure of thirty or forty pounds per square
inch, plus the difference between the vacuum pressure, minus the force with which
said vaccuum is produced.
But, by the use of the High Pressure Gas or Gaseous Vapor Generator, a far
greater pressure than above mentioned can be attained and practically utilized. A
pressure exceeding one thousand pounds per square inch can be generated by
expanding or forcing asunder the elementary properties constituting water, water
and combustible liquids, or solids, by heat. But said high pressure, when generated
from water alone, cannot be practically utilized for a motive power to drive an
engine, for the reason, that, the excessive heat transmitted in the motive power,
will destroy any known ungent now in use, in consequence of which the frictional
parts of an engine would wear away in a very short time, thereby ruining the
engine; and also, other existing causes would prohibit the use of very high pressure
steam. But, the injurious results occurring from the use of a high pressure motive
power generated from water does not occur by the use of a high pressure gas
generated and utilized in accordance with the following method.
The high pressure gas or gaseous vapor generator must be made in the most
desirable manner and of the very best material,-all of the conduits in which the
gas is generated must be made from the best iron attainable, the super-heater
should be made of double extra strong pipe or tubing, and also, several of the
spiral conduits which are in close proximity to the furnace, while the remaining
conduits can be made from extra strong pipe or tubing which will be strong
enough to withstand the high pressure of a thousand pounds to the square inch,
and still retain, as a factor of safety, a resisting force of over two thousand pounds
per square inch; the same may also be said of the lower spiral conduits and the
super-heater. This factor of safety, where such high pressure is evolved, should be
well attended to, for the reason that the conduits must be heated to a high degree
of heat, in order to evolve the high pressure above mentioned. The connecting
pipes, fittings and all of the necessary adjuncts pertaining thereto must be extra
strong, and to be on the safe side of danger, a factor of resistive force, more than
equaling or exceeding the high pressure should be required and enforced, under
any or all circumstances.
The combustible liquid and water is forced into the high pressure generator and
converted to a fixed water gas, which will not, on cooling, return to its original-

page_text: condition, but will retain the same elastic force acquired under heat, now while in
.this condition, or, when heated to three hundred degrees temperature it can be
used as a motive force to drive engines with; therefore, in order to obtain this
condition, the fixed water gas must pass through a cooler or a suitable coil of
pipe located in a cistern or tank in which there is a constant current of cold sea
water passing through; this can be effected in various ways, one of which would
be to form a connection between the sea water and tank by means of a pipe, which
can be done by projecting the pipe through the hull of the ship, or by connecting
said pipe and tank with the compartment in which the sectional reservoirs are
stored; another pipe should connect the tank with the pump which feeds the
generator, so that whatever heat is imparted to the water can again be returned to
the said generator. Thus, the heat, equaling the amount of reduction in the gas,
minus the radiation, will be returned, while the cooled gas, which may still retain
three hundred degrees temperature and without loss of pressure, can now be
utilized, without injury to the engine, while the exhaust gas thereof can be returned
to the generator for combustion, as herein-before specified. The loss of heat in
the exhaust gas which is returned to the furnace is returned by the water into the
conduits, whereby the effect in an economical point of view will be about the same,
as would be the case, were all of the heat returned by way of the exhaust; but
whatever loss there may be, the gain in motive power will be far in excess of
whatever loss can occur from the above-mentioned source.
Now, with the enormous decrease of tonnage as hereinbefore mentioned, in coal,
water, condensers, difference in weight of generators and all of the necessary
adjuncts pertaining thereto, it is reasonable to infer that with the great motive
force attainable in the high pressure gas or gaseous vapor generator that a motive
power gas-ship should be propelled from shore to shore of the Atlantic, in less time
than has ever been done heretofore. Another important advantage gained by the
use of the high pressure gas and gaseous vapor generator, is, that gas can be
generated for heating and illuminating purposes on or in the said ship; gas-holders
or cylinders can be filled with compressed gas for subsequent uses. A gas-holder
made upon a similar principle involved in the sectional cylindrical reservoir can be
constructed and located in some obscure part of the ship, where the gas can be
forced therein by a connecting pipe and thence distributed therefrom to whatever
place required; a valve for equalizing the pressure at the burner should be attached
at or near the holder. This gas can be purified, if necessary, and the heat reduced
prior to its entering the holder.
In Figure 50 a high pressure gas or gaseous vapor generator BA is shown
through the broken side of a locomotive. Water and combustible liquids are
forced into this generator through pipe es into the top thereof and thence circulated
down through a series of conduits which are connected by return bends i' and
discharged therefrom through the ends v' of the two lowermost conduits into the
expansion chainber H from whence it is forced through pipe K into a dome located
above the conduits, from whence the gas can be forced to the steam chest K** and
engine Jas, the exhaust therefrom being discharged through pipe d' into the
furnace of the generator. If highly heated gas is required, the gas or gaseous vapor
can be forced from the dome to a super-heater within the furnace, from thence
through pipe 8 to the engine and thence to the furnace through pipe d' shown in
dotted lines. The generator is provided with two doors C which spring upon
hinges A. The tender shown in Figure 50° should be made of good boiler plate
iron and firmly riveted together at all of the joints, for the purpose of making the
tender water-tight. Before riveting or bolting the top plate 3q1 to the flange 3r 1,
the three division plates p 7 should be riveted in their proper places; these division
plates support a suitable number of cylindrical reservoirs 07 suitably arranged
and connected by circulating pipes whereby all of the cumbustible liquid contained.
therein can be drawn therefrom by a pump or other exhausting device and forced
with water drawn from the interior of the tender into the generator shown in.
Figure 1. The cylinders o 7 are connected by pipes 3 n 1 secured to the underside

page_text: and near the end thereof of said cylinder, while the other end of the pipes are
connected to one of the series of stand pipes m 7, while all of the series are con-
nected to a horizontal pipe y 7 near the bottom of the tender; to this pipe y 7 the
eduction pipe k is connected and for the purpose of conducting the combustible
liquids from the cylinders, when said liquid is to be forced into the high pressure
generator: valve 4 is for controlling the quantity of liquid which is drawn to the
pump or other forcing device, and valve 5 is for regulating the amount of water
which is drawn to the injecting device.
The cylindrical tanks are filled on turning valve 96 through pipe 381; this
pipe is connected to the horizontal pipe 3 ₺ 1, which in turn connects with a series
of vertical pipes 7; these pipes are connected with each of the cylinders o 7 by
the small pipe 301; these pipes are connected to the upper side of the cylinders
for the purpose of avoiding an air chamber and filling said cylinders full. The
syphon 371 is for the purpose of admitting air into the cylinder to supply the
displacement occasioned by drawing off the liquid; the check valve 3 m 1 opens
upward by the pressure of air and is closed by back pressure or its own weight;
whenever it becomes necessary to drain the cylinders of liquid open valve 99 on
pipe 31. The tank or tender is supplied with water on removing plug 3 pl,
through opening 3 v 1.
This tender can be made in compartments in which combustible liquids and
water can be stored separately. But the cylindrical form so arranged and
submerged in water is entirely protected from fire and also not so liable to injury
from accidents on collisions as would be the case were the combustible liquids to
be in tanks so arranged that there is but one thickness of iron to protect the said
liquid. A means can be instituted for preventing the water from freezing in cold
climates; the tender can be provided with a jacket leaving a clear space of four
to ten inches, more or less, all around.the sides, top and bottom thereof; hot gases
can be forced therein or steam can be generated independently of the generation of
the gaseous vapor by using an independent injector which will force water into the
super-heater and generate steam enough to force into said jacketed space and keep
the said water from freezing or the exhaust gas can be forced into said jacketed
space and from thence forced into the furnaces, and furthermore, a sufficient amount
of gas can be forced, under pressure, into said jacketed space, to start the fire and
generate more gas or gaseous vapor to start the locomotive with.
Thus, gas for subsequent use can be compressed into the jacketed space after the
locomotive is laid up to rest, simply by passing the gaseous vapor through the
super-heater and from thence into said space, all of which can be done in a very
few minutes; and also, a supply of gas can always be ready and with proper con-
nections to illuminate the train with, and furthermore, the gas which would escape
from the safety device when stopping at stations and side track, can, by turning
a valve or two, be forced into the jacketed space for subsequent use
In cold weather gas enough can be saved from this source alone to heat the train
with when provided with suitable radiators in which the gas can be burned.
One great advantage derived from the use of this gas, is, that no cinders or
smoke can be produced to add to the discomforts of the passengers; and also, there
will be no danger of setting fire to bridges, buildings, fences, dry marshes or
forests as is now being done in all parts of the country from the use of coal or
other solid fuels. Another, and very important result obtained is that while the
exhaust gas is discharged into the furnace, there will be no noise heard from the
exhaust. In Figure 51, the foundation B B on which the desulphurizer rests is
made of suitable material to withstand the superstructure erected thereon. The
base of the superstructure is made of cast iron and in the form of a spherical
segment, the top and bottom of which are provided with flanges as shown in the
Figure. To the top flange a vertical section Sai of the desulphurizer is bolted, as
shown. This section is made of cast iron or it may be made of wrought iron or it
can be constructed of suitable masonry material. When made of cast iron, the
inlet Ga³ should be cast therewith; this inlet should have a recess H cast therein

page_text: for the purpose of receiving, and supporting one end of the horizontal.com->
partment Wa¹, while the other end thereof can be supported by standards ya¹ or
by any other suitable device. These compartments Wat can be made in sections
of suitable lengths and suitably joined by flanges and bolts; by means of these
sections any required length of compartment can be obtained. The entrance to the
compartment is provided with a cone cap or head Za¹, a pipe s¹ is connected to this
cap for the purpose of conducting gas or gaseous vapor, on opening valve 79, and
discharging the same into the chamber g 0, where it is sprayed out through perforated
plate p0 into the compartment where said gas or gaseous vapor comes in contact.
with annular concentrating jets of air w 0. This jet is formed by drilling an
annual row of holes around and through the wall of the compartment Wal and
then covering the same by a conduit or annular channel 70 which is connected to
the air chamber al
.
.
The powdered ore is discharged from pipe 0 into funnel 0, thence through
pipe to into a chambers 0, which includes the perforations 0, through which the
ore falls in fine streams or a. spray into the blast flame, which forces it in a
comminuted state through the horizontal compartment from which it is discharged
into the vertical compartment where it meets an upward blast flame, the air for
which is derived from the blower V2 through pipe d 6, on opening valve g 6 a, which
is connected to the boss. Jas, from whence the air is discharged into the segmental
sphere Os and from thence it is forced up, through or between the spiral turns of
the grate Tal where said air mingles with gas or gaseous vapor, which is forced by
the high pressure generator, shown in Figure 1, through branch pipe d* and thence:
in a blast flame up through the compartment Sat, from whence it is discharged
through the opening Ca³ up against the concave disk As³ from whence the current is
diverted through the annular passage formed by the circumference of said disk and
the interior of the inverted conical hopper Ba³ and from thence into the open air..
The lower edge of the hopper projects into an annular channel Fa³ which is for
the purpose of receiving what desulphurized ore that may have made its escape
with the current into the hopper, where it is arrested by means of a spray of water
issuing from the annular perforated pipe 20 which is supplied by water through
pipe y 0 from a force pump or by any other means whereby water can be obtained
under pressure, of sufficient force to spray the water across the annular opening..
between the disk and interior of the hopper, whereby the solid matter on coming
in contact therewith will absorb the same or become mingled with the same and
be thereby precipitated upon the side of the hopper and washed down into the
channel Fa from whence it will flow around to the lowest point Da² and from
thence through pipe R into tank Qal. The coarser particles of the ore will full
through the current or blast down into the chamber Qal from whence it can be
removed through door Pa¹.
If
The air chamber al can be made of suitable material and attached to the under
side of one or more sections Wa¹. The air is forced into the said chamber or
compartment by the blower through the pipe Va¹, on opening valve 78, and pass
thence through the aperture n0 which embraces a suitable portion of the under
side of the shell in the form of a spray; the purpose of this spray is to keep the
ore from falling and agglomerating on the bottom of the compartment.
necessary, the apertures can extend around one half of the circumference of the
shell, whereby no melted sulphur could adhere to the interior of the compartment.
The interior of the two compartments can be lined with refractory material as
shown in cross section Figure 51°. This section is taken on a plane indicated by
the dotted line which passes through the annular row of perforations w0 and the
air channel 70. The interior I can be.lined with perforated fire brick 31; theso
bricks should be made with a channel or groove on their convex side, this groove.
should correspond, when the bricks are in place, with the annular row of holes w 0,
thus forming an annular channel adjacent to said holes w0, whereby a passage for :
the air to the interior of the chamber is at all times insured.
. The steam and gas generating apparatus B A, shown in Figure 51b, consists of an

page_text: outer and inner shell c³ and e² secured to the base A. The interior shell is lined
with a coating of asbestos cement for with some other material of an analagous
nature. The combustion chamber is provided with a suitable number of coiled
pipes or conduits which are preferably made spiral in form and in horizontal
planes and when grouped together as shown they form a coiled sectional steam
generator which is susceptible of sustaining a very high pressure and especially
when the sections are made from double extra lap-welded pipe.
This high
pressure steam is an important factor when used in connection with the desulphu-
rizing coil a as re-agent for eliminating sulphur and other base metaloids from all,
classes of ores where desulphurization and oxidation are required.
The two ends of the pipes which form the sections x project parallel or nearly so
to each other through the outer and inner shells c and e³, where they are provided
with suitable regulation or special fittings, whereby a free circulation is obtained*
through the series of sections x.
.
The water from which the steam is generated is forced into the upper section
through connecting pipe o by pump E¹, J. This water is now forced through the
spiral turns of the upper section, from whence it is discharged into the next section
below, through which it is forced and discharged into the next lower section and
so on through the series until finally discharged into the separator H in the form.
of highly heated steam under a corresponding high pressure. This pressure should
be at least two hundred and fifty pounds, thereby containing nearly four hundred
and ten degrees of sensible heat which is of the utmost importance when employed
as a desulphurizing agent.
The steam is discharged from the separator or chamber H through pipe K into
dome M, from whence it is conducted through suitable pipe connection to any
place or places required. Steam for the pump is conducted from the dome through
pipe P and connecting pipe l. A safety device is attached to pipe P; the device is.
provided with pipe m for conducting steam to a motor or to other places of use.
The conduit O should be made from double extra lap welded pipe, of from
one hundred and fifty to two hundred and fifty feet long, and when necessary,
greater lengths can be employed. The internal diameter of the pipe should
be from two to three inches, greater or less diameter can be used, but for
practical work the pipe which is but two to three inches in diameter will be
the most economical. The length of pipes which compose the coil must be joined
together into one length of pipe by welding their ends together; great care should
be exercised, while forming the joints, to preserve. an even and uniform bure,
when welding the two ends together. Should obstruction or unevenness be formed
at the welds, they would obstruct the ore and be liable to effect agglomeration
which might in time clog the pipe, and also, these lengths of pipe should never be
connected by right and left couplings, for, at each joint an annular recess would be
formed of about one fourth of an inch in depth, which would fill with ore, and if
agglomeration did not take place, the end of the pipe which would receive the
current of ore would be soon worn away by the cutting or abrasion of the silica con-
tained therein, and a leaky joint would soon occur and the coil be ruined thereby.
After the lengths of pipe are welded together until the required length of pipe
for forming the coil is obtained, it is then heated and bent or coiled into a circular
or helical coil of a suitable diameter, which, to a certain degree, will depend upon
the diameter of the pipe; thus, a pipe two and one half inches in internal diameter
should be bent or coiled within a circle, the circumference of which should not be
less than fifteen feet.
.
This coil can be made in the form of the frustrum of a cone and of any length
of pipe required when sufficiently heated for a thorough desulphurization of the ore
on its transit through the same; and furthermore, the turns of the coil can be
made to fit a fire-box which may be polygonal in form by bending the pipe at the
angles of the box and leaving it straight on the faces thereof. But however, a coil
which contains straight runs and angles either right, obtuse or acute are objectional ;
the circular form offers the least obstruction and it is one in which an even flow of

page_text: ore can be obtained and maintained and in which the abrasion of the internal:
surface will be equalized throughout the entire length of the coil when done in
the following manner;-the ore is projected through the coil by impelling and
exhausting forces, by means of which the ore can be kept in a comminuted state
5 and which cannot be done when but one force is employed for the reason that
all bodies when projected by an impelling force tends to move in straight lines
and never out of that course unless interrupted by some counter force, and when
so interrupted, the resultant course will be in accordance with the two forces.
Therefore, when the ore is projected through the coil by an impelling force, the ore
) tends to move in a straight line, but being limited in its course by the walls of the
pipe, it is projected against the exterior inner circumference, against which it
abrades the entire length of the pipe on its passage through the same; in
consequence of this abrasion, the pipe will soon be worn away unless a counter
force is employed whereby the resultant course of the ore caused by the two forces:
can be changed to the centre of the pipe. If only the drawing or exhausting, force
is employed, the ore will be projected or drawn against the interior inner circum-
ference of the coil, thereby wearing it away in due time. But, when the two
forces act, simultaneously, the axis of the resultant force will be at or near the:
centre of the coil, whereby any undue abrasion of the coil is obviated and the ore
held in suspension, and no agglomeration of the particles will occur through the
same; in consequence of which, the ore and steam will be intimately mingled and
when highly heated or heated to about eight hundred degrees, Fahrenheit, the
base metals will volatilize and decompose the highly heated steam and form fixed
gases which will escape on coming in contact with the air or some of which may be:
condensed by well known means, while the precious metals, the oxide and pulverized
rock will be precipitated in properly constructed binns or receptacles for further
treatment.
The two forces above mentioned are of great importance and should be employed:
on all occasions or whenever ore is to be desulphurized or oxidized in a coiled
conduit; but, the ore can be drawn through by the exhausting force which would
be far better and more reliable than when forced through by the impelling force..
The ore. when being drawn through would rebound more or less owing to the
convexity of the internal diameter of the coil; this rebound would prevent the ore
from agglomerating and it would have a tendency to keep it in a comminuted state,
but the abrasion on the coil would be great. When only the impelling force is
employed, the ore would be forced against the outer interior diameter of the coil.
and forced through the same in a compact form and if the heat should be high..
enough to melt the sulphur which, would require but two hundred and twenty-six.
degrees Fahrenheit, it would, with the silica, form a plastic compound which would
adhere to the pipe and which could not be removed by the steam unless the heat
should be so increased to above the boiling point of sulphur which is five hundred
and seventy degrees Fahrenheit. After arriving at this point, volatilization com-
mences, which will now, with an increase of above two hundred degrees, decompose
the steam and pass away in the form of sulphurous acid and sulphuretted hydrogen
gases, thus freeing the silica and allowing it to slide around against the coil to the
point of discharge.
When the two forces are employed, the ore will be so well diffused in the pipe
that the melted atoms of sulphur will not agglomerate while in suspension on
account of the high velocity of the current, although when galena ores are to be.
desulphurized, the lead which would melt under suitable conditions of fluxes &c.
would by its great specific gravity be precipitated to the bottom of the turns of the
coil and not being of an adhesive nature, it would run down the inclined pipe and
be discharged therefrom, which would not be the case if the coil was to be made of.
pipe arranged in horizontal planes within the furnace, for in this case the slag,
would soon agglomerate and choke the passage against the pressure of the steam
however great that may be.
.
Another serious objection to the impelling force, is, in consequence of the ore:
'
.
+

page_text: being thrown upon the inner exterior circumference of the pipe that by the great
specific gravity and the abrasion of the particles of ore upon themselves and the
pipe, they will become retarded and agglomerated thereby while the steam will
flow on through the unobstructed portion of the pipe; therefore, by a constant
influx of the particles of ore with a decreasing velocity in consequence of the
friction, aggregation must take place and the pipe soon filled and the ore so
impacted that it will be impossible to remove it by the aid of steam, however
great the pressure thereof.
The devices for impelling, exhausting and expelling the ore through and from the
coil O consists of an injector ok and ejector R¹, which are connected to the two
ends of the coil; the injector is connected to the end G, while the ejector is
connected to a nipple on and the nipple by the right and left coupling n². The
injector is connected to the steam pipe of while the ejector is connected to the
steam pipe os; both of these pipes communicate with, the dome M by means of
pipe P; the dome is held in position by braces k¹.
The steam generating coils are supported in the shell by a rack u' upon one side
of the furnace, upon the opposite side by the inner projecting end of the coil and
at right angles to these two points of support by a series of cross pipes which
are shown only in section; these pipes project through the two opposite sides of
the shell, where they are connected by proper fittings which will admit of a free
circulation of water through the same. These cross pipes will, when water is
circulating through them, prevent the coiled section x from sagging down when
very high heat is required. Whatever condensation occurs in the dome and which
will occur when steam is first raised will return to the separator H by way of drain
pipes; this condensation can be discharged from the separator through pipe i³ on
opening plug cock 8.
The annular space a³ between the outer and inner shell is employed for heating
the air prior to its entering the furnace; the air is drawn into a series of holes b₁
which extend around the top of the outer shell; The air passes through an annular
row of holes 6ª made in the base A where it enters an annular chamber o a; this
chamber is formed by the vertical flange ou, the base A and the masonry B B on
which the generator rests. This annular chamber oa fits over. or corresponds to a
flue ob which is made in the masonry BB and which is provided with an outlet
into which an exhaust pipe oh projects; this exhaust pipe connects with a blower V
which is for the purpose of exhausting or drawing the air through the holes b
down through the annular space a³ into the annular chamber o a, thence through
flue ob and pipe oh into the blower from whence it is forced or discharged
through pipe og and flue oc into the ash-pit B O, thence between the grate-bars N
into the furnace A O.
⋅
It will be observed that the walls of the furnace project inward from the inner shell
to a distance corresponding to the internal diameter of the coil O. The flange ov
which is cast with the base A projects inward for the purpose of covering the brick
and forming a support for the coil. This coil O can be readily removed by
disconnecting the ends and opening the doors herein before mentioned. Fuel is
fed to the furnace through the door F while the ashes are taken out through
door FO.
The pulverized ore is conducted from the pulverizing apparatus through pipe od
from whence it is discharged into hopper og wherein it comes in contact with the
revolving toothed wheel oh which prevents the ore from packing and causes it to
fall into pipe oi from which it is drawn into the coil O. The toothed wheel is
revolved by means of belt of passing over pulley oe and also the blower is rotated
by means of belt or. If the ore is dry it should be heated to a degree just below
the melting point of sulphur before being drawn or forced into the coil O, in
consequence of which there can be no condensation when the steam and oro come
in contact which would be the case if the contact was made without preliminary
heating; but on the other hand, if the ore is wet and so that it will run through a
pipe it will not be necessary to use steam only in the ejector, for the ore will have

page_text: more than enough water accompanying it to effect the desired result. In case the
wet ore should be used, it will be necessary to use a greater length of coil in order
to convert the water to steam and thence to gas in combination with other gases
eliminated from the ores; but in any event it will be better to dry and heat all of
the ore prior to its entering the desulphurizing coil, and again, the ore should never
be allowed to pass through the coil without either steam or water entering there-
with, for without the aid of oxygen and hydrogen, the pipe would fill up in a very
short time, burn out and be rendered useless. Of course, the steam which is used
in the ejector for exhausting and expelling the ore is useless so far as a re-agent is
concerned, therefore, enough steam which will vary according to the percentage of
the volatilizable base properties contained in the ores, must be used for oxydizing
and desulphurizing purposes, which can be very easily determined by practice.
The higher the percentage of impurities in the ores, the slower must be the feed
and and also the velocity of its passage through the pipe, the velocity of which can
be regulated by the exhausting device, but never by the impelling force, for the
reason that the velocity will not be sufficient to overcome the gravity of the ore,
the friction caused thereby and the adhesiveness of the melting sulphur.
This combined steam generating and desulphurizing apparatus is intended to be
employed about mines where steam for motive power is required,--for breaking and
pulverizing ore and for all other purposes for which steam is used about mines or
reduction works. Heretofore, at least two fires have to be run in order to generate
steam and desulphurize ores, and in the case of the ore, the escaping beat from the
desulphurizing furnaces, is more than sufficient to generate all the steam required
for crushing and pulverizing the ore; therefore, the apparatus herein shown and
described will economize to the extent of fuel required to generate the steam which
does the work of crushing and pulverizing said ore. This item of expense is of
great importance when the high price of fuel in some localities is considered.
The combined apparatus can be made portable, when necessary, simply by
dropping the base below the grate-bars and lengthening the shells, all of which is
shown in the foregoing Specification.
The operation of desulphurizing ores is as follows;-Steam is at first generated
in the coils from the water which is forced therein by the pump E', J, and dis-
charged into the separator from whence it is conducted to the dome M; from
thence it is conducted through pipes P, os and oj and discharged into the injector
ok and ejector R¹ in. suitable proportions as above mentioned, where, by the action
of the steam, the ore is caused to pass from pipe oi into and through the coil O;
where when highly heated the sulphur and other impurities become volatilized and
in combination with the steam a fixed gas is produced which is discharged with
the remaining solid matter by ejector R¹ into a closed or open receiver ot shown
in Figure 51 c. The receiver can be supplied with screens for the retention of the
ores while the gases are allowed free egress, and also, the ore and gases can be
discharged beneath the surface of water which will retain the ore and allow the
gases to escape, with the exception of the sulphorous acid gas which will become
absorbed by the water, thereby forming sulphuric acid which should be removed
before its strength would become sufficient to injure the metals with which the
sulphur would combine.
All classes of desulphurized ores can be discharged directly beneath water and
thereby save any metals which might become volatilized by the high heat required,
to decompose steam by sulphurous gases. In desulphurizing cinnabar, the quick-
silver would become volatilized and easily condensed and recovered when discharged
below the surface of the water and the same may be said of all other metals which
volatilize at low temperatures.
Air will be drawn into the coil with the ore but not in sufficient quantity to
effect any material result, one way or the other, and as the atmosphere contains
four pants nitrogen to one of oxygen and the oxygen can only act as a re-agent, it
had better be dispensed with when steam is available.
One of the advantages derived from the use of the high pressure steam generator

page_text: is that a very high pressure steam can be generated and which will be required to
exhaust and force the ore through the highly heated desulphurizing coils, a result
.that cannot be accomplished in an ordinary steam boiler, from the fact that they
cannot resist the pressure of the generative force which is required, and which can
.be generated in the coiled sectional generator, herein shown and described. In
order to thoroughly desulphurize the ore and to eliminate other base properties, the
heat in the coil O must be great enough to volatilize all of the properties required
to be eliminated.
This degree of heat can be easily obtained and retained after ascertaining the
degree of heat required to volatilize the most refractory substance to be eliminated.
It will be safe to estimate that all of the base properties contained in the ore which
will volatilize at a degree of heat less than that required to volatilize sulphur will
be of no commercial value in ores which are treated for the precious metals
contained therein; therefore, it is safe to adopt for the standard, the degree of
heat required to volatilize sulphur and decompose steam when the two are
in combination. As this heat will be about eight hundred and fifty, degrees
Fahrenheit, it will be necessary in order to desulphurize the ores rapidly, to
generate steam under very high pressure prior to its entering the desulphurizing
coil, for if the steam enters this coil at low pressure and with its corresponding
temperature, it will require a great amount of heat from within the coil to increase
the temperature to the necessary condition for decomposition when combining with
the volatilizing sulphur, therefore absorbing a great amount of heat which should
be applied to the volatilization of the sulphur and other base properties. The heat
of the steam which enters the coil with the ore should approximate nearly to the
heat required to volatilize the sulphur, thereby absorbing but a very little more
heat to effect the decomposition thereof in connection with the sulphurous and
other metaliferous vapors. Therefore, by the use of the highly heated steam, a
greater quantity of ore can be desulphurized in a given time than when done by
the use of steam at the low pressure of forty to seventy pounds which would
contain heat from only two hundred and sixty to three hundred degrees.
Therefore, as the ordinary boiler now in use cannot sustain the high pressure
required in my method of treating ores, and as the refractory ores cannot be
properly treated without these high heats and pressures, I consider the steam
generator herein shown and described of great importance when, taken in
connection with a desulphurizing apparatus and still more so when combined with
said desulphurizing apparatus in a manner that it will utilize the heat which
escapes the desulphurizer and which would be lost were it not for the steam
generating apparatus connected therewith as shown and described. So far as
economy in material, construction, transportation, fuel, space and labor are
involved in connection with this apparatus, it stands unequalled.
The heavy black lines on the map of a part of the United States and Canada,
shown in Figure 52 represents a net-work of gas pipe W" passing through the
principal towns and cities of the two above-mentioned countries. This net-
work of pipe should be connected at all points of intersection by suitable pipe
fittings while each pipe radiating from each intersection should be provided with
a suitable automatic valve Yas which should also be connected with the pipe at the
lowest points of depression, when practicable, betwen the said intersections.
This net work of pipe is designed to conduct gas from a location or locations
where the material from which gas is generated exists in natural formations or at
some central point or depôt to which the said material may be transported, to the
towns or cities in the country or countries, in which the pipe is laid and the gas
generated, as shown in Figure 53. The gas which is distributed through the net
work of pipe is made in The High Pressure Gas Generator shown in Figure 1, or, it
can be made in The High Pressure Retorts and Gasogenes-shown in Figures 37, 38
and 39; and also, the High Pressure Gas Generator, with or without the Carbureting
device and Appurtenances thereto, can be used in combination with said High
Pressure Retorts and Gasogenes.

page_text: The High Pressure Gas Generating Apparatus should be located at or near the,
natural coal and Petroleum Sources, shown in Figure 52, the locations being
indicated by the High Pressure Gas Generating Apparatus B A which are
distributed over the country or countries where the above mentioned formations,
and reservoirs exist; and which do exist in Western Pennsylvania, Southern.
Canada, Western Maryland, Eastern Alabama and Kentucky, Texas and Illinois.
and numerous other places which are not indicated on the map.
The High Pressure Gas Generating and Purifying Apparatus is connected to the
net work of pipe wherein the gas is forced by the generative force which has been
exerted by the heat which has been required to decompose and recompose the
elements, constituting water, solid and liquid combustibles, and generate a fixed gas
therefrom. This pressure can be raised above one thousand pounds to the square.
inch, if necessary, whereby the gas could be forced through a pipe the length of
which would not be limited if it exceeded many times the circumference of the
earth; therefore, it is highly practical to establish High Pressure Gas Generating
Apparatuses in close contiguity with Nature's Store Houses and generate gas
from the Hydro-carbonaceous solids and combustible liquids stored therein, and
be, by its own generative force, transmitted through pipes laid to every town or
city in the country or countries in which the above mentioned method is
adopted. There need be no fear or doubt arise in regard to quantity, quality.
aud cost of the gas generated, for its quality is as good as gas can be made by the
action of heat and any of the purifiers now known. The quantity and cost of
production are the two great factors to be considered in a scheme of the vast
magnitude in which the import of the herein-described invention must imply.
Gas is made in the High Pressure Generator in a very rapid manner and as it is
possible to make five million cubic feet of gas with one apparatus in one day of
twenty-four hours, which will not exceed ten thousand dollars in cost, it will be
readily seen, that, with a distribution of five hundred High Pressure Generators
among the various coal fields throughout the United States, the enormous amount
of two billions, five hundred millions of cubic feet of gas can be generated daily
and forced through the net work of pipes laid through the said United States;
thus, with a population of fifty millions, the amount of gas per capita would be
fifty cubic feet. When this gas is made for the triple purpose of light, heat and
motive power, there should be an extra set of pipes and also of gas-holders; but
the gas can be generated in the same apparatus, in alternating periods of time,
while the gas, at each period, can be discharged into its respective set of pipes;
though, the better way would be to employ separate generators for each kind
of gas.
It will be observed, that, by the use of the above-described method, the cost of
transporting fuel from the fields containing the hydro-carbonaceous deposits to the
towns and cities throughout the world, will be. reduced to a cypher; thus, the
enormous expenditure for freighting coal and petroleum to various parts of the
country, will be dispensed with; for the reason that the enormous force which is
developed by the gas can be utilized to force the gas through the pipes to any
distant point required without any further attention than is needed to attend to
the apparatuses which are generating the gas, and of those who are to use the gas
for Light, Heat and Motive Power, at the terminal points.
The net-work of pipes, however extended it may be, can be kept under a high
pressure at all times, or while the generators are at work making gas. This high
pressure gas can be used for Motive Power to run motors and the exhaust there-
from can be stored in a gas-holder for subsequent use, for domestic purposes and
for all classes of furnaces used in the mechanical arts. Whenever motive power is
required in Factories, Foundries and every class of work-shop and all other places
where motive power is needed, the motor can be run by High Pressure Gas and
the exhaust thereof can be discharged into all classes of furnaces above alluded to;
and also, when the power is required and the furnace: not in operation, the exhaust.
gas from the engines throughout the towns or cities can be conducted and

page_text: discharged into pipes or street mains, and forced from thence into the gas-holders
which are in connection with said pipe or street mains. The gas in those mains
which distributė gas for domestic purposes is under but a very slight pressure,
seldom exceeding ten inches of water, therefore the back pressure would be of no
appreciable account. In case the high pressure heating gas is used as a motive
power in towns and cities, the supply pipes would have to be laid, the same as the
present pipe for conducting illuminating gas. If the illuminating gas is used to run
the motors with, the exhaust therefrom might cause pulsation of the gas flame; if
so, the evil can be remedied by attaching an equalizing valve to the induction pipe
leading to the meter or to the eduction pipe leading therefrom; and furthermore,
an extra set of pipes can be laid for the purpose of receiving the exhaust gas and
connect with the gas-holder, wherein said exhaust gas can be forced by the
constantly discharging exhaust. The pipes which conduct the exhaust gas to the
main, should be provided with check valve to prevent the back pressure of the
gas from escaping when repairs of the engines have to be made. The gas-holders
✗a² which are distributed over the United States and Canada are indicated by
black dots.
Figure 53 is a perspective and sectional view, in which the pipe W** in the
section, is shown beneath the surface of the earth. These pipes should be buried
at a suitable depth, but can run to the surface and above the surface in crossing
deep ravines or over rivers; but, where the waters are shallow and of comparatively
level bottom, the pipe can be laid thereon, or upon suitable columns fixed at the
bottom of said water. Where very deep or rapid and shifting currents of water
exist, the pipes can be laid over or suspended from cables beneath bridges; but in
cold countries the pipes should be kept beneath the surface of both land and water,
'when practicable to do the work without too great cost; but when not practicable,
the pipe should be protected from the elements by a suitable covering. The
operation of the above will be hereinafter described.
The gas-holder I shown in Figure 54 is designed to be used in connection with
the distributing pipe Was shown in Figures 52 and 53 when at remote distances
from the point where the gas is generated or whenever the said holder is filled
from a pipe charged with gas under high pressure which may be at or near the
works or at any distance therefrom.
The receiver 94 is constructed of suitable masonry, containing a passage Mas
into which a person can descend by the way of the ladder N2 and from under
the receiver and attend to the various parts when out of order. The gas-holder is
intended to be automatic in its operation or to be filled from a pipe charged with
high pressure gas and discharge the same into street mains with the pressure
required for illuminating purposes; this holder is filled through induction pipe G¹
which is connected to the high pressure main pipe Was. The end of pipe Gu
terminates in the valve fitting L from whence the gas ascends through pipe o 4
and discharges into the holder, until the holder becomes filled, after which com-
munication is cut off by means of valve 2g1 which is raised by means of the
valve stem or rod 2 a 1 and cord 261; this cord passes over a pulley 2d 1 that
turns in the bracket or support 2 e 1, while to its end the weight 2 c 1 is attached
for the purpose of counterbalancing the rod 2 a 1 and valve 2 g 1, in conjunction
with the pressure on the.under side of the valve and for affording a means whereby
the valve can be raised when the holder is filled. The eduction from the holder is
through pipe p4 and gate valve u³ into the street mains.
The trap Pa³ is for receiving the condensation from the pipe G and valve Las
which is discharged through pipe 2h 1 into the trap from whence it is discharged
on opening valve 80. The water in the receiver 94 can be discharged through
pipe O into the sewer Q on opening valve 81. When the holder descends, the
bracket 2 e 1 strikes the hub 2f1 and forces the valve 2 g 1 down, thus allowing
the gas to flow into the holder; when it is nearly full it pulls on the cord and
raises the valve to its seat; this operation will continue until the demand and
supply ceases,

page_text: The balanced swinging valve, shown in Figure 55, is to be used in connection
with the net-work of pipe shown in Figure 52. The ends Uas of the main pipe are
secured to the valve in any suitable manner; the gas flows into and through the
chamber 2 m 1 and -2'n 1, but it passes around the bottom of the valve S, through
the connecting chamber T; the spring 271 is secured at its lower end and passes
between two fulcrum points 2k 1, while the other end plays loosely in a recess in
said valve. This spring keeps the valve in place as shown during the ordinary
flow of gas, but when, in case of a break in the pipes, Was, shown in Figures 52
and 53, the flow of the highly compressed gas will close the valve to its seat and
remain so until the necessary repairs are made: after which the gas on being let
into the unfilled pipe will equalize the pressure upon each side of the valve, thus
allowing it to swing to its vertical position by the aid of the spring as shown in the
Figure. This valve swings or turns upon the shaft 201; to this shaft, a wheel Vas is
secured and can be used to operate the valve when required. An indicator 2 p1
is attached to the wheel for the purpose of indicating which side of the valve the
break in the pipe has occurred. The trap R receives all condensations from the
pipe and is discharged therefrom through pipe 241 by the pressure of gas on
opening valve 82. A trap that will fill and discharge automatically can be used in
lieu thereof and require no attention.
Having thus fully described the construction of the apparatus, the following will
be devoted to a description of the operation thereof and its advantages.
To commence the operation of making gas, water is, at first, forced into the
conduits until three or four of the bottom coils and super-heating coils are filled,
which can be determined by the glass gauge; after which the fires can be built in
the furnace and steam generated for running the pump, which will now force the
water through pipe o.and thence into pipe a³ and from thence into and through
the series of supporting pipes ', from thence into pipe e³ which joins Tee fitting s³;
from thence into pipe o, from which the said water is discharged into the uppermost
of the series of the sectional conduits x, wherein it circulates downward against
an increasing temperature until it is discharged from one, two or more of the lower
coils into a separator in the form of steam or steam and water. The steam is
conducted to the dome M and from thence to places of use. When steam is being
made the water which is separated from the steam in the separator should be kept
to a height corresponding with valve 22 for the purpose of furnishing a supply to
the super-heater, which, when steam is being generated, should perform the functions
of a generator which is done by opening valve 16 in pipe y which connects the
separator with the lower coil or inductor to the super-heater, which is through
fitting, m², nipple h², coupling n², into the end of the coil f³, as shown in Figure 6.
The outlet for the circulating water and steam is through the connections a³ on
the end G of the upper coil or turn of the said super-heater, close nipple and Tee
fitting y; from thence the circulation is upward through the nipple a³, Tee 2³,
controlling cock 19, pipe q, thence through pipe m' into the dome--The water
which may be carried over into the dome will return by way of pipes and be
conducted into the separator or it can be conducted to the trap, as shown in
Figures 1 and 2. Water can also be circulated through the series of supporting
pipes in a similar manner and while the pump is forcing water directly into and
through the series of spiral conduits. This operation is effected by opening valve 17
on pipe which connects the separator H with fitting (shown in Figures 3 and 6)
and pipe a into the lower supporting pipe, thence through the series and upward
through pipe p, from whence it is discharged into the dome. When the water is
forced by the pump into the supporting pipes, valves 17 and 24 must be closed
and valve 18 opened, thus allowing the water to be forced directly through pipe a³
into the series of supporting pipes, thence by closing valve 20 and opening valve 19,
it will pass through pipe e into the series of spiral coils or conduits; but when the
water is to be forced directly into the series of conduits or spiral coils, valve 18
must be closed and valve 24 opened, thus allowing the water to pass through pipe o

page_text: to the said conduits or spiral coils, while, at the same time, a free circulation is
maintained in the super-heater and the supporting pipes.
When gas is to be manufactured by the above described apparatus, the mode
of operation will be as follows;-In the first place, it is better to commence the
operation of generating steam before the introduction of the liquid combustibles
or the powdered fuel. By this prior operation, which will require but a very few
minutes, the generator will be in a better condition to receive the carbon than it
would, if at first admitted with the water. Before admitting the liquid com-
bustibles, valvė 16 on pipe y must be closed, thus preventing the water from
entering the super-heater; after the water has escaped from the super-heater, stop-
cock 14 must be closed and also valve 17 on pipe m³ and valve 24 on pipe o, while
valve 18 on pipe a³ must be opened and also valve 4 on pipe k, whereby combined
water and liquid combustibles will be forced through pipe o into pipe a³, from
thence into and through the series of supporting pipes, thence into the series of
spiral conduits, wherein the said combined water and liquid combustibles become
heated as they circulate downward against an increasing temperature until the
combined water and liquid combustibles become evolved into steam, vapor or gas
and thence discharged into the separator. Heat can be applied to the coils or
conduits of sufficient temperature to form a fixed gas therein, but as the process
'would be slower than to simply convert the water and liquid combustibles to a
gaseous condition and then pass it through a subsequent super-heating conduit, it is
preferable to adopt the latter mode; and furthermore, as the gaseous product is
discharged into the separator, the matter which may not be evolved will become
precipitated and conducted away therefrom by the trap or some other suitable
device; thus, the lighter and most volatile parts of the gas-producing material will
be utilized. The gas, after leaving the generator is conducted through pipe s¹ or
connecting pipes therewith to any point desired.
When the apparatus is used alternately for making gas and steam, as would be
the case in factories or other siniilar places, the regulating valves for controlling the
action of the flow of the currents should be set when the change from gas to steam
is made, so that. a free circulation should be had through the super-heater and also
the supporting pipes, and again changed with the manufacture of gas is to succeed
the generation of steam.
One very important feature of this gas generating apparatus is that the pipes or
conduits cannot carbonize while the water and liquid combustibles are being forced
therein and through them for the reason that it requires a high degree of heat to
convert carbon liquids into a fixed or solid condition, that being the state which it
must be in before adhering to the walls of the conduits, where by a continuous
agglomeration, the conduits are filled with solid carbon; but as the water is com-
.bined therewith in the first stages of the operation, it must become heated to an
equal degree with the liquid carbon in their passage through the conduits; there-
fore, the degree of heat required to form solid or fixed carbon from liquid carbon
will generate super-heated steam of an equal degree of heat.
Now, as the oxygen of the steam possesses a greater affinity for the carbon than
it has for the bydrogen, a decomposition of the steam takes place and a new com-
bination of the carbon and oxygen is effected, by virtue of their superior affinity,
'consequently, when the amount of oxygen in the steam is sufficient to combine
with all of the carbon, no carbonizing of the pipes can be effected thereby; and also,
the combination of the oxygen and carbon within the pipe protects the interior
of the conduits from oxydization, therefore the conduits will be more enduring
when subjected to an equal degree of heat, by the use of carbon combined with
the water, than would be the case were no carbon used. Instead of drawing and
forcing powdered carbonaceous material into the super-heating conduit, it can be
mixed with the water or liquid combustibles and forced by the pump through the
generating conduits wherein it will become heated simultaneously with the water
or water and: liquid combustibles and be formed to a fixed gas for illuminating
and heating purposes.

page_text: The high pressure gas which is generated in the above described apparatus can
be used for motive power to drive engines of all descriptions with. Pipe leading
from the dome conducts gas to the cylinder of the pump and is utilized as the force
for pumping the combined liquid combustibles into the generator. The exhaust
gas from the said cylinder is conducted through an exhaust pipe to a perforated
hollow grate within the furnace, where it is burned as a fuel, or the exhaust gas
can be conducted to other places of use; and also other engines can be run by the
gas taken from the same device and the exhaust thereof be conducted to, and
burned, in the furnace and supply the heat to continue the generation of the said
gas; the heat required to generate the gas can be furnished from this source alone
and without the aid of any other fuel. Therefore it will be practical to place a
generator on the tender of a locomotive and furnish gas to run the said locomotive
with and burn the exhaust as a fuel to generate the motive force; also, the same
can be said of steam-boats and all motors where motive power is required.
By virtue of the high pressure under which the gas is or can be made, it becomes
practical to compress the gas into cylinders for transportation without the aid of
pump or pumps or any other compressing device.
This invention is not limited to any number of conduits or to the size or form
thereof, or to the material from which they are constructed, nor is it limited to any
particular points, or number of points, at which the water and liquid combustibles
shall enter the said conduits or to the point or points at which the resulting
products shall be discharged therefrom. The variation upon these points indicated
above are nearly numberless and require no inventive genius or mind to suggest
and make changes therein; and also, the arrangement of all of the external connecting
pipe thereto and therewith can be changed without departing from the fundamental
principles underlying the invention and by one who may possess the skill of an
ordinary mechanic.
It is not absolutely necessary that all of the pipe and connections should be
attached to the generator, but when the preservation of the conduits and an
utilization of the heat is required, the connection shown in their present or an
equivalent form and arrangement should be employed.
When gas is made for motive power, a surplus amount should be fixed and stored
in a holder or compressed into a cylinder for subsequent use in starting the apparatus
on each succeeding day.
One or more pumps can be used to force water or liquid combustibles or soluble
or powdered organic or inorganic combustible matter which may be held in solution
or suspension into the generator, or a pump for each separately can be used, and
also, the liquid combustibles can enter the generator at any convenient point
thereof and water or steam combined therewith in the generating conduits or in the
super-heater. Injectors for forcing water and liquid combustibles into the conduits
can be used if desired.
The light products of Petroleum can be forced or drawn and injected into the
super-heating coil by a jet of steam from the spiral conduits, separator or steam
dome, wherein said light products such as naptha, gasolene &c can be evolved to a
fixed gas, if desired, for either heating or illuminating purposes.
What I claim, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is ;-
First, A generating coil or conduit having the projecting ends thereof extending
through the wall of the furnace tangentially to the inner and outer turn of the coil
and its projecting end bent down and extending below the bends of the coil and
furnishing a support therefor.
Second,-A series of flat contiguous coil or conduits having suitable end connection
uniting all the coils with each other in combination with the shell of the furnace,
for the circulation of liquid throughout the series.
Third, A series of spiral coils having the outer ends thereof connected by external
return bends and couplings and also the inner end thereof connected by return
bends and couplings to form a continuously connected conduit whereby a continuous
circulation of liquid is secured throughout the series.

page_text: Fourth, A series of coils having their ends projecting through the wall of the
'furnace, substantially parallel to each other and having all their return fittings and
couplings outside of the wall of the furnace.
Fifth, In combination with the coils, the hollow supporting pipes or bars passing
through the furnace and having suitable end connections as and for the purpose
described.
Sixth, In combination with the supporting hollow bars, the means for causing
a circulation of liquid therein which consist in the stand-pipe H containing water
under pressure, pipe ma having valve 17, pipe a³ having valve 18, pipe ps having
valve 20, and steam dome M, operating as described.
Seventh, The furnace containing the generating coils constructed with a double
shell extending from the base to the bonnet, the outer shell having apertures at the
top and the inner shell having apertures at the bottom opening into the ash-pit for
the purpose of utilizing the heat and heating the air supplied to the fuel.
Eighth, The shell of the furnace having in combination therewith a door or
doors extending from the base to the bonnet and nearly one half of the circumference
of the shell for the purpose of removing and inserting the generating coils and other
internal parts as described.
Ninth, The double shell of the furnace in combination with the double shell of
the door in which the inner surface shell over-laps the hinge joint for preventing
leakage as described.
Tenth,―In combination with the engine operated by gas or vapours of liquid
combustibles, the exhaust pipe g¹ having valve 10 and the super-heating coil O as
and for the purpose described.
Eleventh, In combination with the super-heating coil, the stand-pipe H, pipe y
having valve 16,-pipe pipe q having plug-cock 14, pipe m² and the dome M as
and for the purpose described.
Twelfth, The means for returning the liquids which are trapped off from the
generator to the pump and thence forcing them again into said generator which
consists of a pipe a¹ connected with the generator, the trap I, chamber C¹,
pump E¹, return pipe o and the necessary connections and valves as described.
Thirteenth, The water supply pipe o¹, the oil supply pipe k and the pump E' in
combination with a conducting pipe o and a gas generating apparatus.
Fourteenth, The process of generating gas which consists in forcing products
of combustion from the furnace and carbonaceous material by a jet of steam under
pressure through a heated coil or conduit.
Fifteenth, The process of generating gas which consists in forcing products of
combustion and pulverized solid carbonaceous matter by a jet of steam through a
heated conduit."
Sixteenth, The process of generating gas by first converting liquid hydro-
carbon and water into vapor or gas and by a jet of the combined vapor forcing
the products of combustion into a heated conduit and converting the mixture into
a fixed gas.
Seventeenth,―The pipe Q connected with the stack, the receptacle T,-con-
necting pipe v, pipe g³ and the injecting device in combination with a coil or
conduit located in the furnace.
Eighteenth, The counter balanced valve provided with a guide stem m³ in
combination with its seat within the stack as and for the purpose described.
Nineteenth, The stack having a counter-balanced valve and seat therefor as
described in combination with the outlet pipe Q.
Twentieth, The pipe Q connecting with the stack, the pipe g³ for steam and
oil vapor and the injecting device in combination with the heating coils located in
the shell.
Twenty-first, The pipe 9³ for steam and oil vapor, the injecting device, the
receptacle T for pulverized carbonaceous matter and a connecting pipe in
combination with a coil or conduit located in the furnace.
Twenty-second, The engine and a pipe connected with its exhaust ports in

page_text: combination with the hollow perforated grate a located
generator.
VL
Twenty-third, In a gas generator, the hollow perforated grate in combination
with a gass supply reservoir and a suitable connecting pipe.
Twenty-fourth-In an apparatus for making gas, the process of forcing com-
bustible liquid by a pressure on the surface of the liquid into a current of water
where the two liquids mingle and are discharged into a gas generating apparatus
wherein gas or gaseous vapor is generated.
Twenty-fifth, In an apparatus for making gas, the herein described process of
combining powdered gas producing material with liquid or liquids and forcing the
combination into a suitable heating apparatus wherein a fixed gas or a gaseous
vapor is formed for motive power, heating or illuminating purposes.
Twenty-sixth, In the herein described apparatus for making gas or gaseous
vapor, the process of carburetting steam under pressure and thence discharging
the combined product into a suitable heater wherein it will be converted to a fixed
gas or a gaseous vapor.
Twenty-seventh, In the herein described apparatus for making gas or gaseous
vapor,-the process of carburetting steam and the products of combustion, consisting
of forcing the steam into combustible liquid, thence combining the carburetted
steam with the said products of combustion and thence forcing the mixture into a
suitable heater wherein a fixed gas or gaseous vapor is formed for illuminating or
beating and motive power purposes.
Twenty-eighth, In the herein described apparatus for generating gas,-the
combination of a high pressure gas generator,-carburetter, apparatus for purifying
the gas and a submerged holder in which the gas is stored for subsequent use.
Twenty-ninth, In an apparatus for generating gas for motive power, heating
and illuminating purposes, the combination of the high pressure generating
apparatus, submerged holder provided with a hydrostatic column and motor, as
specified.
Thirtieth, In an apparatus for manufacturing and storing gas,—the combination
of a high pressure gas generator and a gas-holder located in a pond of water into
which the gas is forced by the gas generator and the water forced therefrom by
said gas, as and for the purpose described.
Thirty-first, The process of generating a high pressure gas or gaseous vapor for
motive power and heating purposes, consisting of forcing water and liquid com-
bustibles into a tubular or shell boiler wherein a gaseous vapor or gas is evolved,
for the purpose described.
Thirty-second, In the process of carburetting steam and forming a fixed gas
for illuminating purposes, consisting in forcing combustible liquids into a tubular
or shell boiler, wherein the said combustible liquids will become carburetted and
discharged therefrom into and through suitable heating devices wherein a fixed gas
is formed, for the purpose specified.
Thirty-third, In the process of forcing water and liquid combustibles into a:
high pressure gas generator wherein a gas or gaseous vapor is formed and thence
5 discharging the same into retorts or gasogenes wherewith the heated material in said
retorts and gasogenes a fixed gas is formed for heating or illuminating purposes, as
described.
Thirty-fourth, In an apparatus for making gas,-the process of forcing water
and liquid combustibles into a high pressure generator wherein a gas or gaseous
0 vapor is formed and thence discharged into a carburetting tank with the products
of combustion, wherein the said combined products are carburetted and thence
discharged into retorts or gasogenes charged with suitable heated material, wherein
the combined products are converted to a fixed gas.
Thirth-fifth, In an apparatus for making gas,-the process of forcing water into
5 a steam generator, thence discharging the steam therefrom into an injector whereby
the products of combustion are drawn and forced with the steam into a suitable
carburetting device wherein the said products and steam are carburetted and thence

page_text: forced into retorts or gasogenes wherein a fixed gas is formed for heating or
illuminating purposes.
Thirty-sixth, In an apparatus or plant for manufacturing gas. The combination
of a high pressure gas, gaseous vapor or steam generator, carbureting tank,
gasogenes, scrubbers purifiers, gas-holder and the necessary adjuncts connected
there with whereby gas can be made in a continuous manner for the purpose
described.
Thirty-seven,―The mode of generating gas or gaseous vapor in a high pressure
generating apparatus and discharging said gas or gaseous vapor into high pressure
gasogenes or retorts, thence through purifiers into and through pipes or conduits
extending to any part or parts of the country over which said pipes or conduits
extend for the purpose specified.
Thirty-eight, The mode of manufacturing heating and illuminating gases, under
high pressure, at a suitable location or locations and transmitting said gases by means
of the high pressure under which they are generated through pipe or pipes or
conduits extending from the said location or locations, where the gas or gases are
generated to any or all parts of the country over which said pipes or conduits
extend, for the purposes herein specified.
Thirty-nine, In the process of manufacturing and transmitting heating and
illuminating gases, which consists in forcing carbonaceous inatter, liquid or solid,
and water through a heated coil or conduit and discharging the gas into purifiers
and thence through pipes or conduits extending to any part or parts of the country
over which said pipes or conduits extend.
Forty, A balanced valve in combination with a pipe or conduit for the trans-
mission of gas as and for the purpose herein specified.
Forty-one, A balanced valve having a trap which is provided with a discharge
pipe and valve in combination with a pipe or conduit for transmitting gas as and
for the purpose specified.
Forty-two, A gas-holder having a valve which is automatically operated by the
filling and discharging of gas derived from a pipe or conduit which contains gas
under high pressure, for the purpose described.
Forty-three, The process of manufacturing gas or vapor which consists in
forcing a mixture of carbonaceous matter, liquid or solid, and water through a
heated coil or conduit and discharging the gas or vapor produced into a suitable
receiver.
Forty-four, The process of manufacturing gas, which consists in forcing a
mixture of carbonaceous matter and water under high pressure through a heated
coil or conduit and discharging the resulting gas or vapor into a receiver.
Forty-five, The process of manufacturing a fixed gas for illuminating or heating
purposes which consists in forcing a mixture of carbonaceous matter and water,
under pressure, through a heated conduit and discharging the resulting gas or vapor
into a receiver and then decomposing the mixed gas or vapor in a super-heater
and forming a fixed gas.
Forty-six, The combination of the generating coils, the receiver and the
decomposing and fixing coils for the production of a fixed gas.
Forty-seven, The process of generating gas which consists in forcing steam or
gaseous vapor, under pressure, through a carbureting liquid and thence forcing the
mixed steam and vapor through an injector and thereby drawing the products of
combustion from a furnace and then forcing the mixture into and through generating
and fixing conduits.
'
Forty-eighth, The process of generating gas which consists in drawing the
products of combustion from a furnace by a steam jet and forcing them into a
carbureting device and then subjecting the resulting mixed gases and vapor to heat.
in suitable gasogenes and producing a fixed gas.
Forty-ninth, The process of generating gas which consists in forcing hydro-
carbon liquid and powdered carbonaceous matter together into and through heated
conduits.

page_text: Fiftieth, In combination with the generating apparatus,-a pump,-a connected
water supply pipe and a pipe for the supply of powdered carbonaceous material for
the purpose described.
Fifty-first, In combination with the generating apparatus a connected pump,-a
water pipe, a pipe for carbonaceous material and an oil supply pipe.
Fifty-second, The water supply pipe, the oil supply pipe, and the pipe for
supplying powdered carbonaceous material connected to the pump and the latter
connected with the generating coils all in combination substantially as described.
Fifty-third, The oil supply pipe and the pipe for supplying powdered car-
bonaceous material connected with each other and both connected with the pump
in combination with the generating coils for the purpose described.
Fifty-fourth, The carbureter and a steam pipe opening therein,—a pipe connected
with the stack for conveying products of combustion and connected with the
carbureter by an injecting device in combination with the fixing coils of the
generator.
Fifty-fifth, A steam pipe leading from the dome of the generator,-a pipe leading
from the furnace stack connected therewith by an injecting device and a carbureter
connected with such injector by a pipe opening therein, in combination with heating
and fixing coils of the generator.
Fifty-sixth, A fixed submerged high pressure gas-holder provided with a body
of water in its lower portion, connected by a suitable pipe with an equalizing
body of water above it for keeping the gas under pressure and forcing it into the
mains and said holder having induction and eduction pipes for the purpose
described.
Fifty-seventh, A fixed submerged high pressure holder connected with a suitable
water supply above it in combination with a high pressure gas generator and an
equalizing and regulating valve.
One hundreth, The combination in an apparatus for generating high pressure
gaseous vapor of the force pump, the induction, oil and water pipes and the
eduction pipe whereby a combined volume of mixed liquids are simultaneously
forced in the generator, substantially as described.
Fifty-eighth, The mode of storing the combustible liquid from which a high-
pressure gas is generated in a floating vessel consisting of a reservoir or reservoirs
suitably connected and located in a suitable manner in a compartment or com-
partments filled with water whereby the combustible liquid is kept at an even
temperature by the continuous circulation of the water through which the vessel
moves, through said compartment or compartments, substantially as and for the
purpose described. In Witness whereof I the said William Frank Browne have
hereunto set my hand and seal this 27th day of June A.D. 1882.
WILLIAM FRANK BROWNE (LS)