Rudders, and in Means of Rigging and Supporting same in Position.
Year: 1885

page_text: Rudders, and in Means of Rigging and Supporting same in
Position.
"
I JOSEPH WALL, of 46 Marsh Lane, Bootle, Liverpool in the County of
Lancaster, Master Mariner do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
IMPROVEMENTS IN AND IN CONNECTION WITH "SPARE," OR "JURY RUDDERS AND
IN MEANS OF RIGGING AND SUPPORTING SAME IN POSITION to be as follows:-
A spare, or jury rudder and apparatus connected therewith for navigable vessels
and the means of rigging and holding same in position with my improvements
applied thereto consists as follows. The rudder is formed of a stem and a blade,
the stem being by preference of wood, a spar belonging to the ship being employed
for the purpose. The blade of the rudder consists of several portions, or sections
so constructed to ship over the stem and when together form a single blade. Each
section is secured to the stem by cramping the portion which ships over them,
to it. This may be effected by bolts and nuts either on one, or both sides of the
stem. The bearing portion of the blade sections may be made with a roughened,
or irregular surface so as to form a better grip when applied to the stem. The
position of the rudder when fixed is over the stern of the vessel and hence comes
some distance aft of the rudder proper. It is supported by three bearings one at
about the main deck, one some distance above full load water line and the other at
about, or a little above the heel of the vessel. These bearings are preferably all
removeable. The upper one is attached by bolts to the skin of the ship and may
be made with a half socket and hinged cap which when closed are fastened with
bolts and nuts. The intermediate bearing may be formed of a half socket and
hinged cap and provided with bolts and nuts for securing when closed. This
bearing is attached to the ship by a bolt and nut to the "dead wood" or on, or
near the stern post of the vessel and is forked to span such "portion of the vessel."
The portion connecting the fork with the bearing may be of wood, or of metal of
tubular form. This support is also stayed to the ship by diagonal spars. preferably
of wood, the ends of which are provided with metal fixings and sockete. The
fixing to which the ends of these spars are attached to the support and the ship,
may be of any suitable construction such "eye" bolts or their equivalent. The
lower bearing may be formed of a half socket and hinged cap and is provided with
fastening "eyes" to which guys are attached. These guys are carried diagonally

page_text: up on each side of the vessel and may be passed up through the warp leads and
made fast on deck. At the points of bearing the rudder stem is provided with
metal sheaths, the upper and lower one of which are recessed to take the bearings.
The tiller may be formed of a spar, being provided at one end with a cramp device,
which takes over the stem of the rudder and is gripped thereto by bolts and nuts.
The other end of the tiller is provided with blocks. Blocks are also provided on
board and attached either to the ship, or to the opposite ends of a spar, placed
athwart ships. A tackle is rigged between these blocks through which the rudder
is operated.
It will be seen from the above description that in supplying a ship with a spare,
or jury rudder, it is only necessary to carry as extras the sections of the rudder
blade, (which are made of convenient size so that they may be easily stowed away)
the three bearings, the metal ends of the diagonal spars, and the tiller head. All
the spars and rigging utilised being those which form part of a ships gear and
stores.
It will be obvious that my Invention is alike applicable to both steam and sailing
vessels.
By the means of rigging and supporting the rudder as above set forth, I effect a
thoroughly rigid jury, or spare rudder, the various strains to which such rudders
are liable being met by the different spars and rigging, and whereby the whole is
supported against lateral, vertical, and diagonal, thrusts, and strains, each part of
the apparatus being used and placed in the most advantageous locality to receive
such different thrusts and strains.

page_text: 19 a description or my inventi
enable any one skilled in the art to which my Invention belongs to make and
carry the same out to a practical issue, reference being had to the annexed sheet of
Drawings making a part of this Specification, and to the letters and figures of
reference marked thereon, like letters and figures of reference being used to denote
like parts throughout the Drawings.
Figure 1 is a perspective elevation of a stern of a vessel fitted with a spare, or
jury rudder according to my Invention.
Figure 2 is an enlarged view of the heel socket, or cap of the rudder stem
or shaft.
Figure 3 is a plan of Figure 2.
A spare, or jury, rudder and apparatus connected there with for navigable vessels
and the means of rigging and holding the same in position according to my
Invention consists as follows, reference being had to the Drawings. The rudder is
formed of a stem, or shaft A and a blade B, the stem A being by preference of
wood, a spar, for example the main boom belonging to the ship being employed
for the purpose, the blade B of the rudder consists of several portions, or sections b
so constructed and shaped as to ship on the stem A and when together form a
single blade B and with the stem A form the rudder. The sections b forming the
blade B are secured to the stem A by the clamps C, which are bolted to the
sections b by the bolts d and are cramped to the stem A by the bolts e, the
clamps C shipping over and embracing the stem A and the structure being secured
by the said bolts and nuts da and e. The varius portions of the blade sections b
are preferably made with a roughened, or irregular surface, so as to have a better
grip on each other and on the stem A. Instead of applying the sections b
as vertical planks, or plates as shown in the Drawing, they may be applied
horizontally the sections being connected together by a vertical clamp and secured
to the stem A by clamps C such as shown in the Drawings. The position of the
jury rudder when fixed is over the stern, or taffrail of the ship and hence comes
some distance aft of the rudder proper D. which is shown in dotted lines with the
rudder post in Figure 1, the said rudder proper and rudder post being shown as
carried, or broken away. The jury rudder is supported by three bearings one the
bearing E at about the main deck, one the bearing F just above the full load water
line and the other, the bearing H being the heel socket on the lower end of the
rudder stem A which when in position is preferably a little above the heel of the
vessels keel. The bearings E and F are preferably removeable and the bearing H
is preferably made as shown in Figures 2 and 3, namely as a cap, to ship on and
be bolted to the end of the stem A and having a ring or socket H¹ in which the
lower part of the heel cap H comes. The ring or socket H¹ being provided with
projecting eye pieces h to which are connected the guy supports here after spoken
of. In using the main boom of a ship as the stem A it is generally already
provided with a heel socket which can be utilized, but I prefer to use the
particular heel socket shown in the Drawings. The upper bearing E is secured by
bolts to the skin, or planking of the ship and may be made with a half socket and
hinged cap which when closed are fastened together by bolts and nuts and encircle
the rudder stem, or it may be made as shown in the Drawings with a bush, and a
loose cap bolted to the bearing. The intermediate, or bearing F is formed of a half
socket and a hinged cap provided with a bush and with bolts and nuts for securing
the bearing when closed, or the cap may be secured by bolts and nuts only as
shown in the Drawings. This bearing F is carried by the stem piece F' by which
the bearing F is secured to the stern of the ship by the bolts f and just above the
water line as shown in the Drawing, or to the stern post, or skin of the ship as
would be the case in a sailing vessel, the stem piece F1 being forked to span the
portion of the vessel to which it is attached. The stem piece F¹ may be of metal
as shown in the Drawings, or the part between the fork and the bearing may be
of wood. The bearing F and stem piece FL is stayed to the ship by the diagonal
stay rods F which are provided with screwed coupling pieces f₁ by which the

page_text: position of the bearing F can be adjusted, a vertical stay F is also provided
between the stem F¹ and the skin of the ship. The connections of the stays F' F³
to the skin of the ship may consist of eye bolts, or their equivalent. The lower
bearing or heel socket H is preferably constructed as before described in reference
to Figures 2 and 3 and is supported by guy ropes or chains i, the lower ends of
which are attached to the projecting eye pieces on the ring H³ of the heel
socket H. The after eye piece h is provided with a guy rope, or chain k the lower
end of which is connected to the eye piece h and which leads to a boom, or
outrigger L projecting over the stern of the ship hereafter referred to. The guy
ropes, or chainsi lead up from the ring H' one on each side of the vessel and are
passed through the warp leads and made fast on the deck. M is the tiller which
is formed preferably of wood, one end being provided with a clamping device M¹
which takes over the stem A and is cramped, or gripped thereto by bolts and nuts.
The outer end of the tiller M is provided with a metal band m having eyes into
which are hooked the block and tackle gears N one on each side. One block of
each gear N being fastened to the tiller M and the other block of each gear N
being fastened to eye bolts on the ships side as shown in the Drawing, or to the
opposite ends of a spar placed and secured athwart ships on the ships stern.
rope tackle is rove through these blocks, the standing ends being led through eye
bolts n on the ships side and secured to the rudder blade and the hauling ends
being led inboard for working the rudder. The standing part of the tiller tackle
rove as just described affords an important steadiment and assistance to the rudder
in operation. The boom, or outrigger L before referred to is used for the purpose
of shipping and unshipping the rudder and is provided with a tackle L¹ leading to
the mast. This tackle being used to raise and lower the outrigger L in shipping
and unshipping the rudder. The guy rope k from the heel of the rudder stem A,
and the outrigger L serve as a steadiment to take the strain from the rudder
stem A when the vessel has stern way and can be regulated by pulling on the
mast tackle L'
The
It will be seen from the above description that in supplying a ship with a spare,
or jury rudder according to my Invention it is only necessary to carry as extras
the sections of the rudder blades (which may be made of convenient size so that
they may be easily stowed away. The bearings EF H. the stays F' F' and the
rudder clamps C all the spars and rigging utilized being those which form part of
ships gear and stores. The extra fittings above mentioned being of simple
construction and easily applied to the ship and spars.
It will be obvious that my Invention is alike applicable to both steam and
sailing vessels.
By the means of rigging and supporting the rudder as above set forth I effect a
thoroughly rigid jury, or spare rudder, the various strains to which such rudders
are liable being met by the different spars and rigging and whereby the whole is
supported against lateral, vertical and diagonal thrusts and strains, each part of
the apparatus being used and placed in the most advantageous locality to receive
Buch different thrusts and strains.
My Invention affords a means of easily rigging, or fitting the spare, or jury
rudder in case of accident to the rudder proper and with little extra fittings
beyond those conveniently obtainable on board ship.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
Invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim is
First. Constructing, arranging, rigging and supporting in position, spare, or jury
rudders in manner described with reference to the Drawings, whereby facilities for
constructing and rigging and supporting in position the jury rudder are afforded
principally by means or parts obtainable on board ship, as set forth..
Second. In a spare, or jury rudder, the combination with a stem, or spar such
as A; of a detachable blade such as B, clamps C, learings E. F. H; and provided

page_text: with stays such as F2 F³, and guys i. k, outrigger L and tackle L, and a tiller
such as M and tackles such as Ñ; the whole constituting a spare, or jury rudder
possessing great strength and easy of construction and easy of shipment and
un-shipment, as herein described and shown in the Drawings hereto annexed.
Third. In connection with spare or jury rudders, the use of bearings E. F. H.
fitted and stayed to the stern of a ship, as herein described and shown in the
Drawings hereto annexed.
Fourth. Arranging and rigging a spare or jury rudder to the exterior of the
stern of a ship in a vertical position, or nearly vertical position by means
substantially such as those herein set forth.
Fifth. The combination of a spar and rudder (A. B.) a bearing such as E,
stays i. i and k, an outrigger L, a stay such as L' and a tiller and gear such as M
and N, arranged and operating substantially as and for the purposes set forth.
Sixth. A spare or jury rudder constructed of a spar (such as A) and a blade
(such as B) substantially as set forth.
Seventh. Supporting a spare or jury rudder by an upper, an intermediate and a
lower bearing, such as E, F and H, substantially in the manner and for the
purposes set forth.
Eighth. The combination of a spare or jury rudder (A. B), stays or guys i. i. k,
an outrigger L, a stay L¹ and a bearing such as E, substantially as and for the
purposes set forth.
Ninth. The combination of a tiller M, rudder A. B, and tackle such as N
arranged and operating substantially as set forth.
Tenth. The combination with a spare or jury rudder apparatus such as that
herein described, of a bearing F stays F2 and F3 substantially as and for the
purposes set forth.
Eleventh. The combination with a spare or jury rudder such as that herein
described of a heel socket such as H and stays i and k substantially as and for the
purposes set forth.
L
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CL1000