matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVED MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR MIXING OR COMPOUNDING SELENITIC MORTAR, CONCRETE, AND OTHER CEMENTITIOUS SUBSTANCES OR PREPARATIONS
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Young Darracott Scott
and Gilbert Richard Redgrave at the Office of the Commissioners
of Patents, with their Petition, on the 18th November 1870.
We, HENRY YOUNG DARRACOTT SCOTT, of Ealing, in the County of
Middlesex, Lieutenant-Colonel Royal Engineers, and GILBERT RICHARD
REDGRAVE, of Kensington, in the same County, Architect, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVED MACHINERY OR
APPARATUS FOR MIXING OR COMPOUNDING SELENITIC MORTAR, CONCRETE, AND OTHER
CEMENTITIOUS SUBSTANCES OR PREPARATIONS," to be as follows :-
These improvements have reference to a former Patent in which a
method of preparing selenitic mortar or plaster was described, and which
was proposed to be carried out by means of an ordinary mortar mill,
such as is commonly used in mixing lime mortars.
We now propose in lieu of the said mortar mill to employ in certain
cases, and specially when the use of steam power is objectionable,
machinery of the following description:-The grinding apparatus consists
of a contrivance similar in the general character of its action to the pestle
and mortar when used for purposes of attrition. The pestle however we
make very nearly of the same size as the mortar, aud cause it to rotate

page_text: eccentrically on a fixed bearing. In some cases the grinding machinery
may consist of an outer cylinder, provided internally with ledges to form
buckets. This cylinder is made to rotate on friction rollers, and the
ledges or buckets will carry up the stuff, and feed a pair of crushing
rollers working within the cylinder.
As a modification we sometimes use an outer cylinder of iron, which
is made to revolve on its axis. This cylinder contains two smaller
cylinders, which rest on it and rotate by friction of contact; a third
cylinder rests on the first two, and is threaded on to the spindle of the
enclosing cylinder. The ends of this outer cylinder are closed, and the
materials to be ground and mixed are introduced through an aperture
which can be closed at will.
In some cases (as in concrete mixing) it is necessary to make the
grinding apparatus distinct from the mixing machinery; I then employ
for mixing the "slip" (prepared as detailed in my former Patent in any
of the machines I have described) a cylinder which is made to rotate on
an axle fixed at an angle with its axis. Ledges and arms are so arranged
in this cylinder as to cause the ingredients to be well mixed and turned
over at each rotation. One of the ends of this mixer is made to open
in order to introduce the materials. The same aperture, or one at the
other end, may be used to withdraw the materials from the cylinder.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BOOTS AND SHOES
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Baker at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 1st
· November 1870.
I, THOMAS BAKER, of Ilford, in the County of Essex, Gentleman, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
BOOTS AND SHOES," to be as follows:
This Invention has for its object the rendering of the soles of boots
and shoes waterproof, so as to prevent damp from reaching the feet of
the wearers, while at the same time the means employed for that purpose
increases the durability of the sole and maintains the shape of the boot
or shoe.
This Invention consists in the construction of boots and shoes with an
inner sole of sheet metal, by preference of brass or of zinc. This metallic
inner sole is to be used in addition to and beneath the present inner sole,
that is to say, between the inner and the outer sole. It may extend from
the toe to the heel of the boot or shoe, or may terminate at the waist.

page_text: It may also correspond in size with the sole to which it is applied, and be
perforated so as to be sewn, peged, or rivetted through, or it may be
somewhat smaller in size and the stitches, pegs, or rivets pass through
the sole without the outer edge of the metallic inner sole.
AN IMPROVED COMBINED WATERCLOSET, NIGHT COMMODE, AND CHAMBER PAIL."
Year: 1870

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Jabez Joseph Marriott Sills, of the Town and
County of the Town of Nottingham, Tin, Iron, and Zinc Plate
Worker and Portable Closet Manufacturer, for the Invention of
"AN IMPROVED COMBINED WATERCLOSET, NIGHT COMMODE, AND CHAMBER
PAIL."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Jabez Joseph Marriott
Sills at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 21st July 1870.
I, JABEZ JOSEPH MARRIOTT SILLS, of the Town and County of the
Town of Nottingham, Tin, Iron, and Zinc Plate Worker and Portable
Closet Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "AN IMPROVED COMBINED PORTABLE WATERCLOSET, NIGHT COMMODE, AND
"CHAMBER PAIL," to be as follows:-
I construct a pail or vessel so that water cannot escape therefrom
unless it is poured or emptied out. In has a rim on the inside a short

page_text: distance from the top edge, the rim from its inner diameter recedes
towards the inside of the pail downward, at such angle as not to impede
the passage of water and other material when it is desired to empty
the pail. Or instead of this rim I sometimes place a number of studs
round the inside of the pail, the under side of such studs inclining
towards the side, so as to cause as little impediment as possible to the
passage of the contents of the pail when being emptied. The upper
edge of the rim or the upper sides of the studs form a bearing for a
loose seat. Or instead of the rim or studs formed as above-mentioned
the upper portion of the pail or vessel may be made somewhat larger
than the lower part, such lower part forming of itself a rim as before-
mentioned. In each case a seat of the same shape as the inside of
the pail is placed in the upper part fitting closely to the sides and resting
upon the rim or studs. This seat which is pierced at or near its centre
has an orifice bevilled or otherwise formed on its top side to receive
a reversely formed cover or stopper, having a projecting or flush handle
on its top side. The seat and cover or stopper are lifted out of the
pail when it is desired to empty it. And when the commode has been
used they are covered by a second loose lid or cover having a handle
or handles, thus enclosing the contents of the commode air-tight, and
preventing escape of noxious gas or unpleasant effluvia. The pail or
vessel has one or more handles which fall over the side, or are placed
in such position as to be out of the way when the commode is in use.
By such handles the pail is carried to and fro.
.
AN IMPROVED SIEVE FOR GAS PURIFIERS AND SCRUBBERS
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Skey and Thomas Proud
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition,
on the 21st March 1870.
WC, GEORGE SKEY, of Tamworth, in the County of Warwick,
Manufacturer, and THOMAS PROUD, of Birmingham, in the County of
Warwick, Gas Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention
for "AN IMPROVED SIEVE FOR GAS PURIFIERS AND SCRUBBERS," to be as follows
(that is to say):-
--
Our improvements relate entirely to the perforated plates on which
oxide of iron, lime, or other purifying or scrubbing material is placed
or spread in the ordinary process of purifying and scrubbing gas for
illumination, and which plates heretofore have generally been made of
iron or wood.
And our improvements consist in forming such perforated plates from
a plastic material burnt and glazed, as such material is not affected by
the purifying material or the action of acids, alkalies, or other impurities
evolved in the manufacture of gas passing through them, and at the

page_text: renewing of the purifying material the said plates may be washed and
cleaned of all impurities from preceding use, as the material we pur-
pose using is not an absorbant, and with care will last for an indefinite
period, a quality not possessed by the ordinary sieves now used.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LOCKS
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Edwards at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 2nd
August 1870.
I, JOHN EDWARDS, of No. 6, Cassland Crescent, South Hackney, in the
County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN LOCKS," to be as follows:-
My improvements consist in making the lock to secure the door if
the door goes to from any cause whether the handle is turned or not;
also in making the lock secure the door if the handle is turned too
quick whereby the servants are deceived and let the door go unfastened.
To accomplish this I make the dead lock to lift a safety latch; this latch
is. self-acting and is made to act of its own weight or by a weight riding
on it, the handle is made to stand in the position, saying, door not
fastened, when it is actually secured by the safety latch.
IMPROVEMENTS IN Fans
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Benjamin Joseph Barnard
Mills at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his
Petition, on the 3rd February 1870.-A communication from
abroad by Jacques Rochrig, of 91, Rue St. Honoré, Paris, in the
Empire of France.
I, BENJAMIN JOSEPH BARNARD MILLS, of 35, Southampton
Buildings, in tho County of Middlesex, Patent Agent, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN Fans,” a
communication to me from abroad by Jacques Roehrig, of 91, Ruo
St. Honoré, Paris, in the Empire of France, to be as follows:-
The Invention has for its object improvements in fans. For this
purpose the fan proper, which may be formed of any suitable shape
or material, is held at its base by a thimble or ring, which is capable
of moving to and fro in a tube so as to open or close the fan when
desired. Each side of the fan is connected to a cord or other suitable
connection, each of which passes through a hole formed in the tube
near the handle, and thence passes up the interior of the tube to the
thimble or ring to which the fan is connected, thus forming as it wero

page_text: two endless chains or bands. Within the tube is fixed a spiral or other
suitable spring, which when permitted acts upon the end of the thimble
or ring to push the fan out of the tube, and aided by the endless chains
or bands to open it. In order to close the fan and withdraw it again
into the tube there is a knob or projection connected to the thimble
or ring which passes through a slot or opening in the tuoe, such slot
or opening being formed with a cross slot somewhat in the form of a
bayonet fastening to retain the knob or projection and hold the fan
within the tube, when by releasing such knob or projection from the
bayonet catch the spring acts upon the thimble or ring and opens out
the fan. The tube enclosing the fan has a false bottom against which
one end of the spring acts, whilst it is also formed with a receptacle for
bon bons or other articles.
It is preferred to make the tube in the form of Chassepot rifle, but
it may be of any other suitable form.
IMPROVED MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR TAWING OR DRESSING SKINS
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Edward Newton at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 22nd July 1870.-A communication from, abroad by Joseph
Berendorf, of Paris, in the Empire of France.
I, WILLIAM EDWARD NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery
Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVED MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR
TAWING OR DRESSING SKINS," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to effect by mechanical means the
tawing or dressing of sheep, calf, or kid skins, which are used in the
manufacture of gloves, and thereby dispense with the laborious operation
of dressing these skins by hand as is now the case. The machine con-
sists principally of a reciprocating dressing tool which is capable of
being moved to and fro on guides; this dressing tool is made in
the form of a pair of pincers, one jaw of which carries a roller and
the other a straight vertical blade or steel bar with a rounded edge
which acts against the surface which requires to be dressed. The jaws
of the pincers are made to close on the skin by being brought against

page_text: elastic buffers, and they are opened at the end of the stroke in a similar
manner for the purpose of releasing the skin.
In order to subject the skin to the operation of the machine it is
placed. by the workman on a block of wood at one end of the machine;
this block is covered with sea dog skin or a piece of metal roughened
like a rasp. The workman presses the skin down on this roughened
surface and introduces the edge of the skin between the open jaws of the
dressing tool, which when it advances to the end of the stroke close on
and nip the skin; then the tool retreats and the metal blade scrapes and
dresses the surface. At the opposite end of the stroke the jaws are
opened and the skin is then shifted by the attendant so as to bring a
fresh part under the action of the dressing tool.
Padded or Wadded Quilts and other Padded or Wadded Articles for Wearing Apparel or other Purposes
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Benjamin Lockwood at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
10th November 1870.
I, BENJAMIN LOCKWOOD, of Heckmonwike, in the County of York,
Manufacturer of Padded or Wadded Quilts and other Padded or Wadded
Articles for Wearing Apparel or other Purposes, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF
PADDED OR WADDED QUILTS, OR OTHER PADDED OR WADDED ARTICLES FOR WEARING
APPAREL OR OTHER PURPOSES," (to be as follows) :-
This Invention consists in the employment of any kind of wool, or
woollen waste, or fibres, or waste produced by the pulling asunder of
woollen rags, fragments or shreds of woollen fabrics either old or new,
or animal hair of any kind suitably prepared for wadding in the manu-
facture of such articles.
The method of preparing and using these materials is as follows:-The
said materials are taken to the common carding engine and carded in
the usual manner, or similar to other fibrous substances, but without the
use of oil or other greasy matters, and they are taken off the doffer of the

page_text: engine on or to or upon a lap drum and formed into a lap, fleece, or sheet,
which is then taken off the drum without the use or application thereto
of any glazing or other matters now used in the preparation or manu-
facture of cotton or other waddings. Such sheets are then employed
for wadding in the manufacture of quilted or other articles required to
be wadded in the usual manner.
י
IMPROVED METHODS OF PUTTING TWIST IN SLIVER OR YARN FROM FLYER TO ROLLERS OF FRAMES FOR COTTON, WOOLLEN, OR OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Paley at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 11th
March 1870.
I, GEORGE PALEY, of Preston, in the County of Lancaster, Cotton
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVED METHODS OF PUTTING TWIST IN SLIVER OR YARN FROM FLYER TO
ROLLERS OF FRAMES FOR COTTON, WOOLLEN, OR OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES," to be
as follows:
The sliver or yarn between the flyer and rollers for want of twist often
breaks down, causing waste of both yarn and time, and a consequent
loss, and from the very small amount of twist there is usually between
those points the mechanical motion of the frame shakes out a con-
siderable portion of useful fibre, thereby causing waste.
My Invention overcomes these evils by giving the sliver or yarn
between these two points the same number of revolutions as the flyer,
thereby twisting it up to the roller front from the eye of the flyer, to
effect which I fix a small spindle firmly in the centre of the top of the
flyer, passing the guide holes in the sides of spindle tube of such flyer.

page_text: There is no obstruction in the tube between, and the small spindle, the
yarn, or sliver passes freely from the rollers through the eye of the flyer,
through the guide hole, and down the leg of the flyer to the bobbin as
before; but the spindle in the centre of the flyer eye carries the yarn
smoothly with it at the same speed as the flyer.
-Instead
I can also effect this purpose in the following manner :-
of having the guide holes on the front sides of the flyer (as now) I
put them in the sides in a line with guide tubes or leg, inserting the
spindle, as before named, in the centre, but carrying it through such
guide hole to shoulder of guide tube or leg. I then pass the sliver or
yarn round it one or more times, and down the leg as before.
The advantages I obtain by my Invention are as follows:-The twist
is more regular, and one-third more yarn is put on the bobbin than by
any other flyer, I get a firmer bobbin and more yarn wound on the same
size bobbin, and by twisting up to the delivery rollers I save a large
amount of waste or short fibre.
AN IMPROVED METHOD OF COUNTER- ACTING THE PRESSURE ON THE SLIDE VALVES OF STEAM OR OTHER ENGINES
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Robert Lake at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
22nd March 1870.-A communication from abroad by William
Myrtle Williams, of Dry Diggings, Victoria, Australia, Blacksmith.
I, WILLIAM ROBERT LAKE, of the "International Patent Office,"
Southampton Buildings, London, Consulting Engineer, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED METHOD OF COUNTER-
ACTING THE PRESSURE ON THE SLIDE VALVES OF STEAM OR OTHER ENGINES," a
communication, to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in an improved method of counteracting the
pressure on the slide valves of steam or other engines so as to economisc
the motive power and reduce the amount of labour required in starting
and stopping such engines.
My method consists in the application of any force to the valves in
such a manner and to such an extent as will draw them (and only just
draw them) from the face on which they work.

page_text: The particular method of construction, however, which I prefer in order
to accomplish my purpose may be stated in the following words :—I first
cut a circular hole in the top of the steam chest over the centre of the
slide valve, and fix upon it a straight pipo of the same diameter as the
hole. At the other end of this pipe I attach an open top cylinder having
a hole cut in the bottom by the side of the piston rod to permit of com-
munication between the cylinder and the pipe. In the cylinder I place
a tight-fitting piston having a short rod underneath, which descends into
the said pipe and has a double joint on the end, to which a rod is
attached; this rod passes quite through the said pipe into the steam
chest, and connects the piston rod to the centre of the back of the slide
valve by a double joint provided for that purpose. The pipe herein
referred to must be of sufficient diameter to allow the connecting rod
within it to swing to and fro with the stroke of the slide valve; and
I prefer that the area of the piston should equal the area of the slide
valve.
It will be seen from this description that the pressure of steam on the
piston should counterbalance that on the steam valve, and that the
IMPROVEMENTS IN GAS PRESSURE GOVERNORS
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Edwin Heath at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
21st February 1870.
I, WILLIAM EDWIN HEATH, of No. 23, Camden Road, in the County
of Middlesex, Gas Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN GAS PRESSURE GOVERNORS," to be as
follows:-
1. I prepare a chamber of any convenient form, but by preference
circular or cylindrical, the bottom partially open, the top entirely open,
with an annular groove or trough cast or formed in the upper edge or
surface.
2. I introduce at the bottom a conical cylindrical-shaped valve case
or body carrying in the centre by a tripod stay a guide for the spindle
valve.
3. I make a spindle valve of conical section, accurately ground to fit
the opening in the valve case, with stem or spindle passing through
the guide hole of valve case, and terminating in a shouldered seat, and
a screw and nut for carrying the diaphragm or cup.

page_text: 4. I make an inverted cup or diaphragm of light iron, or other
material indestructable in mercury, with hole in the centre to connect
with the valve the edges of or rim of the cup. I introduce into the
groove or annular ring (see 1), and fill the groove with mercury or other
suitable medium.
5. I fix on the bottom of the cylinder (see 1) a plate of metal which
confines the valve case in its place, and in the centre of this plate I
introduce a connection for the admission of the gas or other fluid, and
at the side of the cylinder another connection for the outlet of the same.
I make the total weight of the valve or diaphragm to be equal to the
desired head of water or "pressure;"-and-any-excess.of_pressure on the
under side of the same by raising it closes the valve suspended from
the centre. I varnish the whole and make a cover to protect the
moving parts.
The cover for protection I make hermetically closed at its lower edge
by a washer or luting, and confine the same to the body of the apparatus
by a flange, or lugs, or other suitable method. I attach a union joint
to the cover, and carry a pipe from thence to any suitable position for
expansion. I carry or continue the spindle through the cover, and form
thereon a shelf or flange to receive weights to adjust the pressure within
governors that are of sufficient dimensions to require that arrangement,
such as street mains or station governors.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF FAGGOTS OR FIRE LIGHTERS
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederick Liverate Roverdine
and Henry Boucher at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 4th July 1870.
We, FREDERICK LIVERATE ROVERDINE, and HENRY BOUCHER, both of
44, Arthur Road, Holloway, in the County of Middlesex, Gentlemen, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE MANUFACTURE OF FAGGOTS OR FIRE LIGHTERS," to be as follows, reference
being had to the Drawing hereunto annexed, and to the letters marked
thereon (that is to say) :-
Our Invention relates to a novel construction of fire igniter formed of
three pieces of wood or other material arranged as a triangular tripod,
each piece overlying and underlying another, and bound together at each
angle by string or wire, and a strip of paper, rag, or wood shaving
(marked A) being enclosed at end of the angles for purpose of ignition.
The triangle after being dipped in melted pitch, rosin, or other inflammable
matter is complete for use.
We prefer using wire for binding the angles as holding the lighter
together during its combustion, and so permitting the raising for better

page_text: ventilation, if needed, without falling to pieces, and this ventilation or
prevention of choking by the fuel as well as speedy and certain com-
bustion from the ascension of the flames we particularly claim for our
Invention, as ensured by the upward slanting of each piece of wood or
other material forming our lighter, and caused by the proximity of the
inner sides (marked B) of the triangle.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF WOVEN FABRICS
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Smithies and John
Smithies at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 19th May 1870.
We, JAMES SMITHIES and JOHN SMITHIES, both of Middleton, in
the County of Lancaster, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF WOVEN FABRICS," to
be as follows:-
"6
This Invention relates to the manufacture of woven fabrics called
'poplinettes or Japanese silks," and consists principally in so arranging
the warp that there shall be one end of thrown silk and one end of spun
silk alternately in each shed, by which arrangement the material
presents a much more even and regular appearance than "poplinettes
or Japanese silks" as hitherto woven, and at the same time possesses a
much greater brilliancy of surface.
In carrying out our Invention we pass one end of thrown silk and
one end of spun silk through each dent in the reed and through each
shaft drawing in an end of thrown silk and an end of spun silk
through cach heald alternately, so that as the shed opens it consists of

page_text: one end of thrown silk and one end of spun silk alternately from
selvedge to selvedge of the material, and thus we produce a "poplinette
or Japanese silk," having a much more even and regular appearance,
and a much more glossy and brilliant surface than heretofore.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CHLORINE
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Larkin and William
White at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 25th November 1870.
We, HENRY LARKIN, of Theydon Gernon, in the County of Essex, and
WILLIAM WHITE, of No. 30, Thurlow Road, Hampstead, in the County
of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CHLORINE," to be as follows:-
'
This Invention has for its object improvements in the manufacture of
chlorine. We obtain chlorine by the reaction of oxygen upon certain
metallic chlorides at a high temperature. For this purpose we take any
suitable chloride, such as the anhydrous chloride of magnesium or of iron
and spread it loosely over the floor of a furnace, chamber, or retort in
which it is brought to a red heat. In this state we expose it to the
action of a current of oxygen or of dry atmospheric air. Or we cause
the fused chloride to fall or otherwise pass through a heated chamber
containing oxygen. By thus exposing the heated chloride to the action
oxygen unites
of oxygen a change of combination is brought about. The
with the metallic base while the combined chlorine is set free. The
chlorine gas thus evolved is allowed to pass into other suitable chambers

page_text: where it is cooled and freed from any impurities which may have passed
off with it either by passing it in contact with hydrochloric acid or other-
wise. The gas may then be made available for the manufacture of
bleaching powder or for other useful purposes.
In the case of atmospheric air being used instead of pure oxygen a
vent would be provided in the lime chambers for the escape of the
nitrogen after the chlorine had been absorbed by the lime. The oxidized
residue is afterwards removed from the furnace chamber, and if of
no commercial value in itself may be again converted into anhydrous
chloride by known methods, and thus by alternate conversion and re-
conversion become a perpetual vehicle for the production of chlorine.
By another arrangement, we spread a layer of metallic oxide or in
some cases of the metal on the floor of a low roofed furnace chamber in
which it is constantly kept at the requisite heat. We then pass over it
a copious current of hydrochloric acid gas until the given oxide or metal
becomes superficially converted into chloride. When this operation is
sufficiently effected we turn off the current of hydrochloric acid gas into
another furnace chamber similarly arranged and turn on a current of
oxygen or of dry atmospheric air when the oxygen and chlorine again
change places, thus liberating the chlorine as in the previous arrange-
ment: By thus alternating the currents of hydrochloric acid gas and
oxygen over the heated oxide and chloride contained in the two furnace
chambers we obtain a steady supply of chlorine to be utilized as already
explained.
IM- PROVEMENTS IN MAKING, REFINING, AND PURIFYING AN ISOLATING OIL APPLICABLE TO THE MANUFACTURE OF PAINTS AND VARNISHES
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Giacomo Eduardo Marchisio
and Edward Stevens at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 23rd September 1870.
We, GIACOMO EDUARDO MARCHISIO, of Baker Street, in the 'County
of Middlesex, and EDWARD STEVENS, of St. John's Wood, in the said
County, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN MAKING, REFINING, AND PURIFYING AN ISOLATING OIL APPLICABLE
TO THE MANUFACTURE OF PAINTS AND VARNISHES," to be as follows:-
We take drying oil or coal tar, or the refuse resulting from the
distillation of coal tar, or the refuse resulting from the treatment of
animal or vegetable oils, and dissolve the same in a sufficient quantity
of naptha or other hydrocarbon liquid.. The liquid thus obtained is
purified and refined by being mixed and agitated in a warm state with
a strong solution of chloride of lime, or chloride of soda, or chloride of
potash, and then washed with a solution of sulphate of iron. By com-

page_text: bining with the oil thus obtained suitable pigments and colouring
matters, or materials requisite to impart the qualities of varnish, strong
preservative paints or varnishes for iron, wood, stone, brick, or other
substances exposed to sulphurous emanations, damp, or sea water, will
be produced.
AN IMPROVED MEANS OR METHOD OF EXHIBITING NAMES, PHOTOGRAPHS, VIEWS, DESIGNS, OR SKETCHES IN MONUMENTS, DOOR OR OTHER KNOBS, BOXES, WALKING STICKS, UMBRELLAS, AND VARIOUS OTHER ARTICLES
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Wright, Joseph Cryer,
and Edwin Rhodes at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 13th January 1870.
We, JOSEPH WRIGHT, of Shipley, near Leeds, in the County of
York, Engineer, JOSEPH CRYER, of same Place, Joiner and Builder, and
EDWIN RHODES, of Shipley, aforesaid, Tin Plate Worker, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED MEANS OR
METHOD OF EXHIBITING NAMES, PHOTOGRAPHS, VIEWS, DESIGNS, OR SKETCHES IN
MONUMENTS, DOOR OR OTHER KNOBS, BOXES, WALKING STICKS, UMBRELLAS, AND
VARIOUS OTHER ARTICLES," to be as follows:—
This Invention consists in the employment of flint glass having one
side or surface convex, the other side may be either flat or concave, and
in applying or placing names, photographs, views, designs, or sketches
upon the flat or concave side, so that when seen or viewed through the
convex side or surface they appear larger, or are magnified. Such then

page_text: may be let into monuments, or boxes, walking sticks, or umbrella
handles, and other articles, or they may be formed into door and other
knobs with the convex side outwards, and thus in the application thereof
produce both useful and ornamental effects.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PROPELLING VESSELS BY UTILIZING THE CURRENT OF RIVERS AS A MOTIVE POWER
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Barthélemy Picard at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 1st
August 1870.
I, BARTHÉLEMY PICARD, of No. 6, Rue des Filles du Calvaire, Paris,
in the Empire of France, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PROPELLING VESSELS BY UTILIZING THE
CURRENT OF RIVERS AS A MOTIVE POWER," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to the propulsion of tugs or barges up or
down rivers or streams, by utilizing the current as a motive power for
actuating paddle wheels at the head and stern of the vessel, in con-
junction with a shaft or shafts, transmitting motion from one set of
wheels to the other by aid of two bevil g, h, wheels, gearing one with
the other, one of which is fixed to the end of the shaft or shafts f, and
the other to the paddle wheels b at the stern of the vessel; whilst the
other set of wheels c at the head of the vessel are actuated by the same
shaft or shafts in conjunction with a screw furrow at its extremity,
turning an oblique toothed wheel d, and thence imparting motion to
the wheels in combination with an elbow piece o¹, to which is articulated
a shaft or shafts g' reaching to the bed of the river, and acting as a punt
for aiding in the propulsion of the vessel.
İMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CIGARS, CIGARETTES, AND SIMILAR ARTICLES, AND IN THE PREPARATION OF MATERIALS FOR THE PURPOSE
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frank Oscar Karuth at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
12th December 1870:
I, FRANK OSCAR KARUTH, of the Firm of F. O. Karuth and Company,
of Philpot Lane and of Fenchurch Street, both in the City of London,
Merchants, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
“İMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CIGARS, CIGARETTES, AND SIMILAR
ARTICLES, AND IN THE PREPARATION OF MATERIALS FOR THE PURPOSE," to be as
follows:
Hitherto cigars have been manufactured by rolling or wrapping
tobacco in strips or pieces of tobacco leaf previously cut into sections
of the required form.
Now the main object of this Invention is to manufacture cigars
more cheaply than at present. For this purpose I take tobacco in a
state of leaf, stalk, cigar cuttings, or waste, or other suitable condition,
and I reduce it to a state of pulp, which I form into thin sheets or
strips of a thinness, texture, and appearance resembling paper. On
each sheet or strip I print, stamp, or mark a number of outlines or

page_text: divisions, so as to mark it off with a number of sections or divisions,
each of which is of suitable size and shape (when afterwards cut out or
separated) for rolling or wrapping therein tobacco for the manufacture
of a cigar, cigarette, or like article, and the sheet or strip is also printed
or marked with veins, nerves, or streaks resembling those on tobacco
leaf. The printing, stamping, or marking is effected by passing the
strip or sheet between rollers or between a roller and bed plate, or
by subjecting it to dies, or to other engraved or printing, stamping,
or marking surfaces or apparatus. The material is or may be dyed
or coloured at the required stage of the operation. The sections are
then cut out, and tobacco rolled therein so as to form cigars, cigarettes,
or similar articles.
I sometimes use for the production of the sheets or strips fibrous
material or material capable of being pulped, other than tobacco, which
I treat in the aforesaid manner, and for the aforesaid purpose.
I■- PROVED: DAVITS; FOR SECURING BOATS ON SHIPS' DECKS AT SEA WITHOUT Lashing
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Punshon at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 9th
February 1870.
I, ROBERT PUNSHON, of Newcastle-on-Tyne, in the County of North-
umberland, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for “I■-
PROVED: DAVITS; FOR SECURING BOATS ON SHIPS' DECKS AT SEA WITHOUT Lashing,”
to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in constructing davits and connecting ships'
boats thereto when hauled up on deck in the following manner, that is
to say, instead of lashing the boat to secure it as commonly practised, I
propose to fix around the upright part of each davit two rings placed one
above the other on the davit at a suitable distance asunder; these rings
may either be fixed to the davit or be capable of moving horizontally
thereon; each of these rings has an upright hook affixed thereto for
holding the ship's boat steady by its ends, for which purpose two eye
bolts are screwed or otherwise fixed into the stem and stern or cach cud
of the boat respectively, and the rings of these eye bolts are intended.
to take over the aforesaid hooks, which are on the davits as before.
described. I also fix two bent plates or rests to the ship's sides, bows,

page_text: or stern on which the keel of the boat rests when out of use, these plates
being designed to support the weight of the boat. Ordinary tackles
may be employed for hauling the boat on deck, the intention of this
Invention being to enable ships' boats in the event of a ship sinking
suddenly from collision or otherwise and when there would be no time
to launch the boats (and more particularly the life-boat) to float or lift
and free themselves from the davits as the ship sinks by reason of the
water as the ship sinks holding up the boat while the hooks which hold
the boat become disengaged and drawn out of the eye bolts as the ship
sinks, thus rendering the disengagement or launching of the boat, self-
acting.
IMPROVEMENTS IN VENTILATORS
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Alfred Warrington at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 21st July 1870.
I, THOMAS ALFRED WARRINGTON, of 8, Duke Street, Adelphi, in the
Parish of St. Martin's in the Fields, in the County of Middlesex, Civil
& Mechanical Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN VENTILATORS," to be as follows:-
:―
This Invention has for its object improvements in ventilators, and is-
designed to simplify the construction of such appliances, and to render
them more efficient in their operation than heretofore.
The body of the ventilator may consist of a casing of any convenient
form, the interior of which communicates with the room or apartment
from which vitiated air is to be removed, as is well understood. Such
casings are provided with one or more horizontal flaps or louvre pieces,
which by preference are balanced, working freely on suitable pivots, or
being equivalently arranged to be actuated by the wind, and when several
are used slightly overlapping one another, so as to close when there is
any excess of pressure from without, and thus to prevent the passage of

page_text: strong currents of air through the spaces between the flaps, which would
cause an objectionable draught in the room or apartment.
According to my Invention in order to prevent the entry of the wind
between the main casing and the ends of the flaps I provide the latter
with quardrant shaped or equivalently formed guards or projections, and
furthermore in order to effectually guard against the admission into the
room or apartment of any cold air that might from any cause get past
the flaps or louvre pieces already described so as to create an objectionable
draught I interpose between the said flaps or louvre pieces and the
interior of the room or apartment one or more suitable gratings or per-
forated partitions in combination with a strip or strips or flap or flaps of
oiled silk or other suitable light material, slightly overlapping the
aperture so that the slightest pressure of the cold air on the outer side or
sides of the said strip or strips of silk or other material will cause it
or them to close against the grating or perforated partition, but that in
the absence of any such excess of pressure from without the strip or
strips of silk or other material will assume such positions as to permit of
the ready escape of the vitiated air from the room or apartment. When
the apparatus is to be applied to windows having shutters or in other
positions rendering it necessary or desireable that its exterior should, when
not in use, be flush with the window or wall, I provide ledges or pivots,
upon which I arrange the casing so that it may rock or partially rotate,
and from which it may when desired be readily removed for cleaning or
other purposes.
IMPROVEMENTS In Bezique MarkERS
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alfred Dickinson and Warren
William De la Rue at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 26th March 1870.
We, ALFRED DICKINSON, of Hartshill, Stoke-upon-Trent, in the
County of Stafford, and WARREN WILLIAM DE LA RUE, of Bunhill
Row, in the City of London, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS In Bezique MarkERS," to be as follows:-
:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in bezique markers.
For this purpose we employ as has been the practice heretofore, two
dials suitably figured, the one to register to one hundred, and the other
from one hundred upwards. The dials are cach provided with index
hands, but in place of these index hands being independent the one of
the other, the hand indicating the lower numbers is caused to move the
hand indicating the higher numbers automatically as it passes its zero
point. The frame of the instrument consists of three or more
thicknesses of cardboard laid one on the other and fixed together. The
upper thickness or cover has the two dials upon it; that for the smaller
numbers is a complete circle, whilst that for the larger numbers is, by
preference, an are somewhat exceeding a semicircle, but it might be a

page_text: complete circle; and a curved slot is cut around the second dial for its
index hand to project through. The middle portion of the frame, which
is in one or more thicknesses, is cut away in portions to accommodate the
working parts of the instrument. The lower thickness or back of the
frame is plain; it covers the working parts, and receives the pins or t
centres on which they move. Into the space formed by removing the
central part of the first dial a disc is placed, having the index hand fixed
upon it. This disc we make of two thicknesses, and it is fixed by a
centre pin or rivet, on which it is able to turn to the back of the frame.
The lower thickness of the disc, which is enclosed between the top and
bottom thicknesses of the frame, has a single tooth upon it, which each
time that the index hand passes the zero point acts against a tooth on
another disc or wheel which is mounted on a rivet or pin in the centre
of the second dial. This wheel has as many teeth upon it as there are
hundreds to be counted, usually nine, and it is moved the space of one
tooth cach time the first index passes its zero point. The second index
hand is fixed on the wheel, and is bent or cranked so as to pass through
the curved slot in the cover of the frame and point to the figures upon
the dial. It will be seen that by this arrangement the second index
hand, although acting automatically, can be moved by hand if it be
desired to pass over one or more of the hundred divisions at once.
In place of using a second index hand and dial figures may be
marked on the wheel, which as the wheel moves round become in
succession exposed through a suitable aperture cut in the upper
thickness or cover of the frame.
The whole of the instrument with the exception of the index hands.
and rivets is best made of cardboard.
In- PROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR HEATING PURPOSES, PRINCIPALLY ADAPTED FOR HEATING CONSERVATORIES, HALLS, CHURCHES, ROOMS, OFFICES, AND OTHER STRUC- TURES AND PLACES
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Sealy James Best and John
Bale at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 21st December 1870.
We, SEALY JAMES BEST, of Bermondsey, in the County of Surrey,
Engineer, and JOHN BALE, of Peckham, in the County of Surrey,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "In-
PROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR HEATING PURPOSES, PRINCIPALLY ADAPTED FOR
HEATING CONSERVATORIES, HALLS, CHURCHES, ROOMS, OFFICES, AND OTHER STRUC-
TURES AND PLACES," to be as follows:-
Our Invention has for its object the construction of apparatus for
heating purposes principally adapted for heating conservatories, halls,
churches, rooms, offices, and other structures and places. We construct
apparatus in which is a pipe, piping, tubing, or flue, or a set of pipes,
tubes, or flues, bent, arranged, or combined in the form of a coil, ser-
pentine, worm, zig-zag, or circulating tubular contrivance; and inclosed
in and surrounded by a water jacket or tubular water casing, that is
to say, each pipe, tube, or flue, or each portion of the coil, worm,
serpentine, zig-zag, or set of circulation pipes, tubes, or flues, lies in

page_text: and is enclosed by a tubular casing or outer pipe intended to contain
water. Heat is applied at one end of the coil, pipes, or circulation tubes
by means of a gas jet or other mode or means of obtaining and applying
heat, and air is admitted to maintain combustion and receive heat. The
heated air and the aeriform or gaseous products of combustion pass
through the coil, flues, or pipes above described and escape into the
air or place to be heated.
In carrying the Invention into effect we recommend in certain cases
the construction of an apparatus in which are two upright vessels or
chambers between which is the coil, the coil passing from the first
chamber where gas or other heating power is applied and entering the
second chamber. Each chamber contains water. Air is admitted through
orifices in the first chamber. The water in passing from the first to
the second chamber necessarily flows through the jacket or outer
casing of the coil. The heated water may be drawn off by a discharge
tap. A hot plate, a grate or grid, or similar appliance may be fitted
at the top of either or both chambers for heating food or for other
heating purposes.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PREPARATION OF CLAY, AND IN THE MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR SHAPING AND MOULDING VEGETABLE AND OTHER PLASTIC SUBSTANCES; ALSO FOR MAKING BRICKS, TILES, CRUCIBLES, AND OTHER SIMILAR ARTICLES
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Carter Stafford Percy
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 2nd September 1870.
I, WILLIAM CARTER STAFFORD PERCY, of Manchester, in the County
of Lancaster, Machinist, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PREPARATION OF CLAY, AND IN THE
MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR SHAPING AND MOULDING VEGETABLE AND OTHER
PLASTIC SUBSTANCES; ALSO FOR MAKING BRICKS, TILES, CRUCIBLES, AND OTHER
SIMILAR ARTICLES," to be as follows:-
My improvements consist in tempering and preparing clay by the use
of a hollow pug mill shaft with numerous holes through it to admit or
distribute steam among the clay or other material when in operation.
I also use a revolving flange fitted at the bottom outside a perforated pug
mill to receive the screened clay as it falls upon the flange, a scraper or
doctor is fitted above it to remove the clay. I also use a chamber fitted
to the bottom of a pug mill provided with numerous perforations through
the bottom plate. There is a recess in the chamber to receive the stones.
To the shaft is fitted a revolving scraper to force the clay through the

page_text: perforations into a chamber, and on the same shaft are agitators which
force the screened clay through dies or into moulds or other machinery.
The machinery for shaping and moulding plastic substances consists of
a piston with the requisite number of plugs and a wrought-iron loose
plate with holes corresponding thereto fitted inside the mould box which
is made with sharp cutting edges chilled or casehardened in the casting,
the material is put into the mould box and the lid or cover is made
secure, the piston is then raised by a crank, cam, or eccentric which
compresses and perforates the brick or other article. After removing
the cover of the mould box the finished article is raised by the loose
plate to the top of the mould box. Also manufacturing crucibles and
other articles of plastic material by machinery, consisting of a mould and
a plunger of the shape of the inside of the article to be made; this plunger
is moved up and down by a crank or otherwise.