Year: 1886

page_text: Date of Application, 11th May, 1886.
Complete Left, 11th Feb., 1887.
Complete Accepted, 11th Mar., 1887.
I, DAVID LIONEL SALOMONS, of Broomhill, in the County of Kent, Baronet, do
hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
My invention relates to the construction of suspended lamps, and is designed to
render such suspension stable and convenient, and to permit of a reflector over the
illuminating portion of the lamp being readily adjusted at any required angle.
To render the suspension as stable and free from vibration as possible, I attach the
lamp and shade to two or more wires or cords, one or more of which may be con-
veniently used at the same time as leads to carry the electrical current to and away
from the suspended lamp.
By using two separate cords the shade can be prevented from turning round, and
so will throw the light continuously in any required direction. By the use of three
cords, two of which might be the conductors, the shade will be prevented also from
swinging. These being the two principal objections to the present tipping shades.
The light also may at the same time be reflected in any direction.
In order to render the lamp and reflector, so suspended readily adjustable at any
height and at any angle, I pass the said wires or cords from the lamp or reflector over
two pulleys fixed in the ceiling or other support, and return them down again passing
under pulleys fixed in hanging weights or a hanging weight, and thence back again
to the ceiling or other support, where the ends of the cords or wires may be per-
manently fixed in the case of those which act as leads to the electric mains. The
aforesaid suspended weight (or weights) serves to counterbalance the lamp and
reflector, and, hanging as it does in loops of the suspending cords or wires, the
whole lamp and reflector may be raised and lowered at will, the weight or weights
taking up the slack of the suspending cords or wires, or permitting them to be paid
out to follow the movement of the lamp. If it is desired to tilt the lamp and reflector
at any desired angle, the above described appliances readily permit of this, the counter
balance weight or weights simply tilting to an angle equal to that of the reflector.
Thus the lamp and reflector will remain stationary in any position or angle at
which it is placed. When three or more lines are used the reflector may be placed at
any angle desired.

page_text: The electrical leads need not necessarily be passed through the suspending cords,
but may be independent therefrom, provided that they have sufficient slack to allow
of the rise and fall of the lamp and reflector and which slack may be taken up in any
approved way or not as desired.
I I may modify the above arrangement where the electrical leads are independent of
the suspended cords, or only partly so at the lower end, by attaching the ends of the
suspending cords, after they have passed over the pulleys in the support or ceiling, io
the extremities of a hanging weight, or to independent weights.
I may further modify the arrangement if found desirable, by attaching the sus-
pending cords to one part of a ball and socket joint, the lamp and reflector being
attached to the other part of the said joint, so that it can be tilted to any angle to its
suspended attachments.
FELL & WILDING,
1, Queen Victoria Street, London, E.C.,
Agents for the Applicant.
I, DAVID LIONEL SALOMONS, of Broomhill, in the County of Kent, Baronet, do
hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be
performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:
My invention relates to the construction of suspended lamps, and is designed to
render such suspension stable and convenient, and to permit of the reflector over the
illuminating portion of the lamp being readily adjusted at any required angle and at
various heights.
To render the suspension as stable and free from vibration as possible, I attach the
lamp and shade to two or more wires or cords, one or more of which may be
conveniently used at the same time as a lead or leads to carry the electrical current to
and away from the suspended lamp.
In order that my invention may be the better understood, I now proceed to describe
the same in relation to the drawings hereunto annexed, reference being had to the
letters and figures marked thereon.
Figure 1 shows an arrangement in which the lamp and shade are suspended by two
cords or wires.
Figure 2 shows a lamp suspended by three cords with single hanging weight.
Figures 3 and 4 show a lamp suspended by three cords, with leads separate from
and through the suspending cords respectively, with automatic arrangements for the
breaking of the electric circuit by pushing up the lamp.

page_text: Figure 5 shows a lamp suspended by three cords, but with the reflector or shade
inverted so that the light can be reflected upwards against the ceiling at any required
angle.
By using two separate cords A. B figure 1, the shade can be prevented from turning
round, and so will permit the light to be thrown continuously in any required two
directions. By the use of three cords of suspension A B C as in figures 2, 3, 4 and 5
the shade will be prevented both from turning and swinging, these being the two
principal objections to the present tipping shades or hanging lights; also the light
may be thrown in any direction. Any two of these cords of suspension, or any one,
if made of twin wire, will serve as the leads for the electric current to and from the
lamp, either by direct attachment of the main leads to the extremities of the cords A B,
where they are fixtures, as in figure 1, or by means of coiled leads 1) E, as in figure 3,
permitting of play, or by free contact over the pulleys, as in figure 4, or in many
other similar and convenient ways.
To render the lamp and reflector J so suspended readily adjustable at any height
and at any angle; instead of attaching the supporting cords to a rigid point, I pass
the said wires or cords from the lamp or reflector over two or more pulleys F G H,
fixed in the ceiling or other support, and return them down again, causing them to
pass under pulleys fixed in a hanging weight or weights K L, and thence back again
to the ceiling or other support, as in figures 1 and 2, where the ends of the cords or
wires may be permanently fixed, so as to make convenient attachment as leads from
the electric mains. Or, I may attach the ends of the suspending cords F G H direct
to the hanging weight K, figure 2, or weights M N O, figures 3, 4 and 5, and provide
either independent electrical attachments DE, as in figure 3, or to the suspending
wires, as in figures 4 and 5, or in any other convenient manner.
In all these instances the aforesaid suspended weight or weights K, L, M, N O
serve to counterbalance the lamp and reflector J. The whole lamp and reflector may
be raised and lowered at will, the weight or weights taking up the slack of the
suspending cords or wires, or permitting them to follow the desired movement of
the lamp.
If it is desired to tilt the lamp and reflector J at any required angle, the above
described appliances readily permit of this, the counterbalance weight or weights
altering their position according to the desired angle of the reflector.
Thus the lamp and reflector will remain stationary in any position or angle at which
it is placed.
The electrical leads need not necessarily be passed through the suspending cords,
but may he quite independent therefrom, provided that they have sufficient slack to
allow of the rise and fall of the lamp and reflector, which slack may be taken up in
any approved way or not as desired."
I may further modify the arrangement, if found desirable, by attaching the
suspending cords to one part of a ball and socket joint P, figure 4, the lamp and
reflector being attached to the other part of the said joint. The reflector and lamp
can thus be tilted to any angle with regard to its suspended attachment P, which is
rendered stable so as not to turn or swing by its suspension by two or more cords. Or
the shades may be provided with arms to which the cords may be attached.
By means of this system of suspension, as in figure 5, the lamp and shade may be
inverted when desired, or a vertical shade may be used in conjunction with the lamp,
and the reflector may thus be tilted to any upward angle, so as to reflect the light to
any required part of the ceiling. The system acts best when the cords attached to the
shade are fixed at its centre of gravity, or to the rim farthest from the apex. The
light may also be reflected horizontally in any direction.
The shade may have a switch Q attached to it, as in figure 1, by which the current
may be cut off or connected or the fact of running the shade up to its highest point
may be made to turn off the light, and by pulling it down the light may be turned on
again. Two convenient methods of carrying out this automatic arrangement are
illustrated at figures 3 and 4. In figure 3, the main leads are attached to one of the
lamp leads D, and to an insulated contact piece R on the fixed bracket. The other

page_text: lead is connected to a switch tongue S held up normally from contact with the
contact piece R by a spring. It is only when the lamp is pulled down that the switch
tongue $ is caused to inake contact with the contact piece R and thus to close the
circuit through the other lamp lead E.
In figure 4, the electric leads are connected to two of the insulated rollers over
which work the naked metallic suspending cords such as A and C, which thus form
leads to lamp. These leads are covered with insulating material T T over a suitable
part or parts of their length, so that when the lamp and shade are pushed up to their
highest or other convenient position, the electrical circuit is broken, and the lamp is
put out.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I claim is :-
1st. The combination with an electric lamp and reflector of two or more suspension
cords passing over pulleys or under riding weights, so that the reflector may be
adjusted to any required angle and height, and rendered stable without swing or
rotation in such desired position, substantially as described.
2nd. An electric lamp and reflector connected to a ball and socket joint in com-
bination with two or more suspension cords supporting the said ball and socket joint,
and passing over pulleys, or under riding weights, substantially as and for the
purposes described.
3rd. The combination with such a suspended adjusting electric lamp and reflector
of an automatic switch or contact slider, by which the electric current may be broken
and renewed by the movement of the lamp and reflector, substantially as described.
FELL & WILDING,
1, Queen Victoria Street, London, E.C.,
Agents for the Applicant.