CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PREPARATION OF 'Cops' , AND HEATING EMPLOYED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF WOVEN FABRICS.”
Year: 1870

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Thomas Richmond, of Burnley, in the County
of Lancaster, and Christopher Catlow, of the same Place, for the
Invention of "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PREPARATION OF 'Cops'
,
AND HEATING EMPLOYED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF WOVEN FABRICS.”
'
HALDO EMPLOYED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF WOVEN FABRICS.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Thomas Richmond and
Christopher Catlow at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 23rd June 1870.
We, THOMAS RICHMOND, of Burnley, in the County of Lancaster,
and CHRISTOPHER CATLOW, of the same Place, do hereby declare the
nature of our said Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PREPA-
RATION OF 'Cops' AND 'HEALDS' EMPLOYED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF WOVEN
FABRICS," to be as follows:-
First. The Invention is designed for the purpose of strengthening the
nose or tips of cops so as to make them more uniform and less liable
to ravel, also to give them a finish that will enable them to be packed
without damage or waste. This part of our improvement consists in trans-

page_text: mitting to the tips of the spindles upon which the cops have been
formed, before they have completed their final revolution, a small quan-
tity of adhesive material, such as ordinary size employed for stiffening
yarns, which may be applied either by brush or other suitable means.
The size upon the spindles as the cops are "doffed" is wiped off and
received by the nose or tip of each cop, which as it dries or sets fixes
the yarn at such tip in a manner that enables the otherwise weak
portion or nose of the tip to retain its form, preventing thereby both
waste and disfigurement of the cop. The outer surface of the cop
itself may also be dipped into a weak solution of size which form
a preservative skin or coating that will prevent waste and also keep
and maintain the cop in a perfect and uniform shape and state until
required for use.
Secondly. The Invention relates to the finishing of healds employed
in looms for weaving, and consists in reducing the knots or exuberances
of the eyes of such heald, the protuberance of which is thereby pre-
vented exciting friction and wear to the eyes. The improvement in
this part of our Invention consists in subjecting the eyes of the healds
after being sized and stretched, and before the eye mould or wire of
which the eyes are formed has been withdrawn, to a pressure either
between rollers or plates, the action of which reduces the knots of the
eyes making them thereby similar in surface and quality to the yarn of
which they are composed.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Thomas Richmond and Christopher Catlow in the 2
Great Seal Patent Office on the 23rd December 1870.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, wc, THOMAS
RICHMOND, of Burnley, in the County of Lancaster, and CHRISTOPHER
CATLOW, of the same Place, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her 3
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-third day of June, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy, in the thirty-
fourth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto us, the said Thomas Richmond and Christopher

page_text: $
Catlow, Her special license that we, the said Thomas Richmond and
Christopher Catlow, our executors, administrators, and assigns, or such
others as we, the said Thomas Richmond and Christopher Catlow, our
executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with,
and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the
term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise,
and vend within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland,
the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "CERTAIN Im-
PROVEMENTS IN THE PREPARATION OF COPS' AND 'HEALDS' EMPLOYED IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF WOVEN FABRICS," upon the condition (amongst others)
that we, the said Thomas Richmond and Christopher Catlow, our execu-
tors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under our, or their,
or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascer-
tain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Scal
Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the
date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said Thomas Richmond and Chris-
topher Catlow, do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention, and
in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described
and ascertained in and by the following statement and accompanying
Drawings, that is to say :-
First. Our Invention is designed for the purpose of strengthening
the nose or tips of cops so as to make them more uniform and less.
liable to ravel, also to give them a finish that will enable them to be
packed without damage or waste. This part of our improvement consists.
in transmitting to the tips of the spindles upon which the cops have
been formed, before they have completed their final revolution, a small
quantity of adhesive material, such as ordinary size employed for
stiffening yarns, which may be applied either by brush or other suitable
means. This size upon the spindles as the cops are doffed" is wiped
off, and received by the nose or tip of each cop, which as it dries or sets
fixes the yarn at such tip in a manner that enables the otherwise weak
portion or nose of the tip to retain its form preventing thereby both
waste and disfigurement of the cop. The outer surface of the cop itself
may also be dipped into a weak solution of size, which will form a
preservative skin or coating that will prevent waste, and also keep and
EC

page_text: maintain the cop in a perfect and uniform shape and state until required
for use.
Secondly. The Invention relates to the finishing of "healds" employed
in looms for weaving, and consists in reducing the knots or exuberances
of the eyes of such healds, the protuberance of which is thereby
prevented exciting friction upon the warp threads when " shedding,"
effecting to the heald greater durability and also greater facility of action
when "
shedding." The improvements in this part of our Invention
consists in subjecting the eyes of the healds after having been sized and
stretched, and before the eye mould or wire upon which the eyes have
been formed is withdrawn, to a separate or simultaneous stretching,
pressing, and tightening process through the medium of rollers, pressure
blocks, or plates, which, as the knots of the heald eyes are subjected to
their separate or combined action become reduced or modified by such
compression so as to present greater uniformity of proportion. The
knots or protuberances when thus acted upon become reduced' and
placed in the centre of the eye so as not to protrude and cause friction
on the side or profile when shedding. The knots are also subjected to a
tightening process, separated from the pressing which is effected by
suspending the weighted heald from the eye mould or rod passing
through the eyes in a manner that forces the upper edge of the eye
mould against the knots, thus tightening and reducing their size.
In order that the Invention may be better understood and explained
in detail we have hereunto attached a Sheet of Drawing made upon a
scale of about half size, similar letters of reference being marked upon
corresponding parts on all the Figures alike.
Figure 1 represents as an example the front elevation of a machine,
the arrangement and action of which we have found the best for
simultaneously stretching, tightening, and reducing the knots of heald
cyes in accordance with our improvement; Figure 2 represents an end
elevation of the same in which the heald and sliding table supporting
the heald are shewn in transverse section; Figure 3 represents in
elevation the heald weighted and suspended from the eye mould for the
purpose of tightening up the knots of the eyes; Figure 4 represents one
arrangement or design of flat iron or block to be employed for pressing
and reducing the knots of the eyes by hand or power; Figure 5
represents an enlarged or magnified view of the eye of the ordinary yarn

page_text: k
or worsted heald as now employed for shedding" shewing the
protuberance and position of the knot in relation to the, warp
thread; and Figure 6 represents a similar view of the eye as it appears
after having undergone the stretching, tightening, and reducing
process.
In Figures 1 and 2 a, a, is the framing supporting the sliding table or
carriage b, upon which the heald c to be operated on is stretched between
the hooks d. The movement given to the heald when being operated
upon is obtained through the medium of the handle e and pulley and
cord f; 9, 9, are uprights in which are supported the guage discs h and
the pressure rollers i and stretching flanges k, the upper rollers being
well kept down and in their places by means of the spring and set
screw m. The heald after sizing to be operated upon is first placed in a
horizontal position upon the sliding table b, being retained and stretched
thereupon by the hooks d and spring », one side of the table b, for the
purpose of stretching, being supported by the rod o upon which it slides,
the pressure of the helical spring upon the rod being caused to press
against and keep distended the parallel stretching bars of the carriage b.
The pressure and stretching rollers i and k are kept at a proper distance
apart by the guage discs k, so that when the eyes of the heald are
subjected to the action of the rollers the flanges % of the upper roller and
recess ¹ of the under roller give an increased distention or stretch to
the heald eyes, simultaneously with which the rounded shoulder or
corner ¹ of the roller i forcibly presses upon and reduces the knot of the
cye, the combined stretching and pressing action of which as the heald
is quickly passed upon the carriage between the roller become
thoroughly transformed from their knotted appearance, as seen in
Figure 5, to their modified and reduced appearance seen in Figure 6.
It will be evident that the healds before sizing can be operated upon
in the manner and for the purpose as described in reference to the sized
healds.
Having now described the nature of our said Invention, together
with the method of carrying the same into practical effect, we would
wish it to be understood in conclusion that we claim,-
First. The novel adaptation of size or adhesive material to the tips of
cops for the purpose of preventing them ravelling and keeping the
tips more uniform and open until required for use, thereby preventing
waste.

page_text: Secondly. We would have it understood that the various arrangement
of mechanism shewn and described with respect to the second part of
our Invention are merely examples or modifications of apparatus we
bave found best for carrying out the intention of our Invention; but
what we wish it to be particularly understood as the spirit and claim of
our Invention,--
Secondly. Is the novelty of stretching, tightening, and reducing the
exuberance of the eyes of cotton yarn or worsted healds in the manner
and for the purposes described and fully set forth in the Drawings
attached.
In witness whereof, we have hereunto set our hands and seals,
this Twenty-second day of December, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and seventy.
THOMAS RICHMOND. (L.S.)
CHRISTOPHER CATLOW. (L.S.)
Witness to the signatures,
THOMAS WRIGLEY,
Agent to the Patentees,
Imperial Chambers,
Manchester.