IMPROVEMENTS IN THE UTILIZATION OF SMALL COAL FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF COKE
Year: 1877

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Robert Hay and Joseph Longley, both of Barnsley, in the
County of York, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE UTILIZATION
OF SMALL COAL FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF COKE"
Sealed the 3rd July 1877, and dated the 19th April 1877.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Robert Hay and Joseph
Longley at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 19th April
1877.
ROBERT HAY and JOSEPH LONGLEY, both of Barnsley, in the County of York.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE UTILIZATION OF SMALL COAL FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF
COKE."
Our Invention has for its object the utilization of small coal by converting it into
coke of merchantable quality, which result we obtain by the following process:-
We first grind the smudge or small coal in a close pan with water to a finely divided
state, the water serving to facilitate the grinding operation, and bring the mass to
a semi-fluid consistency, using about 3 gallons of water to 1 cwt. of smudge or small
coal, and then passing the mass between a pair of rollers. It is then placed in the ovens
and subjected to a steaming and drying process, by which it undergoes a change.
A very large quantity of the noxious gases are carried off, and it contracts in the
ovens so that the resulting coke is small and long, and of a light yet hard and brittle
character. We add a small quantity of salt in the ovens to brighten the coke and
burn the black ends off. The coke is then ready for the market. By this process
an increase in the value of about 80 per cent, is realized.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Robert Hay and Joseph Longley in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 19th October 1877.
ROBERT HAY and JOSEPH LONGLEY, both of Barnsley, in the County of York.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE UTILISATION OF SMALL COAL FOR THE MANUFACTURE
OF COKE,"

page_text: The object of our Invention is to utilise small coal or "smudge" by converting
the same into coko of merchantable quality. We obtain this result by the following
process:-
-We first reduce the small coal or "smudge" to a pulverised or finely
divided state by first grinding it under edge runners or other suitable machinery in
a pan, the grinding being more quickly and preferably effected with the addition of
sufficient water to bring the mass to a semi-fluid consistency, that is to say, about
3 gallons of water, more or less (preferably) hot, to each cwt. of "smudge" or small
coal; or the latter might be ground dry, and the water added afterwards, but we
have not found this to answer so well. The pan in which the matters are ground
may be perforated with small holes in the bottom for the ground contents to pass
out through, if desired. The particles of the semi-fluid mass are then still further
comminuted by passing through one or more pairs of rollers set close together.
The semi-liquid mass is then poured into the top of a coke oven, of which the door
has been built up after the oven has been emptied of the coke resulting from a previous
operation. The mass is now subjected to a steaming, drying, and burning process
in the oven, by which it undergoes a change, and is converted into coke, a very
large quantity of the noxious gases being carried off. The resulting coke is small
and long, and of a light yet hard and brittle character. By this process an increase
in value of about 80 per cent. is realised.
Having described the nature of our Invention, and the manner of performing the
same, we declare that what we claim as our Invention to be protected by the
herein-before in part recited Letters Patent is, the process of manufacturing coke
from small coal or "smudge" by grinding or pulverising and mixing the small coal or
smudge" with water, and placing the mixture in the coke ovens in a semi-fluid
state, substantially as described.
"
In witness whereof, we, the said Robert Hay and Joseph Longley, have here-
unto set our hands and seals, this Sixteenth day of October, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-seven.