Improved Apparatus for Effecting the Interchange of Heat between Fluids, applicable as Feed Water Heaters, Refrigerators, Con- densers, Superheaters, and the like.
Year: 1894

page_text: Date of Application, 26th Nov. 1894
Complete Specification Left, 26th Aug., 1895-Accepted, 26th Oct., 1895
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improved Apparatus for Effecting the Interchange of Heat between
Fluids, applicable as Feed Water Heaters, Refrigerators, Con-
densers, Superheaters, and the like.
I, RUDOLF KLOSTERMANN, of 58 Lombard Street, in the City of London,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
My invention relates to an apparatus for effecting the interchange of heat
between fluids of the following construction.
A tubular chamber of some length and having a circular or other shaped cross
section contains a central longitudinal passage communicating at each end with a
channel through which the one fluid, such as steam is made to flow; from this
passage external ribs extend to the walls of the casing so as to form between the
ribs a number of passages surrounding the central one. These passages are closed
at the ends but are made to communicate with each other alternately, at opposite
ends, so that on introducing the second fluid such as water at one end of one
passage it is made first to flow forward to the other end of such passage, then to
enter the next passage in which it flows back in the contrary direction then to enter
a third passage in which it flows forward again, and so on, flowing in zigzag
direction through all the passages, from the last of which it is then discharged to
wherever required.
Thus assuming the fluid passing through the central passage to be exhaust
steam, while that flowing through the surrounding passages is the feed water of a
boiler, the heat from the steam being conveyed by conduction to the ribs forming
the sides of the surrounding passages, and will consequently be taken up by the
water circulating in these, which water will in addition take up heat directly from
If the
the part of the periphery of central passage with which it is also in contact.
passages be sufficiently long and the water sufficiently cold on entering, it will be
evident that the steam could be more or less entirely condensed in the apparatus,
which would then serve as a surface condenser.
In order to insure a uniform contact of the whole body of steam passing through
with the sides of the central passage, the latter may have a helical blade, either
fixed or removeable within it so as to form it into a helical passage for the steam
to pass through.
Or the central passage may have inward projecting ribs for increasing the
contact surfaces for conveying the heat. Or again, the central passage may be
divided by partitions into a number of passages, through which the steam may or
may not pass backwards and forwards in the contrary direction to the flow of the
water.
For convenience of construction the apparatus may be built up of a number of
short lengths secured together by flanges and screwed bolts or otherwise.
Instead of being employed for heating feed water or condensing steam the
apparatus may be used for refrigerating fluids, such as ammonia, flowing through
the central passage while cold water or brine flows through the surrounding
passages.

page_text: Also by passing steam from a boiler through the central passage and the hot
combustion gases from the boiler furnace through the surrounding passages the
steam supply may be superheated.
Dated this 26th day of November 1894.
ABEL & IMRAY,
Agents for the Applicant.
Improved Apparatus for Effecting the Interchange of Heat between
Fluids, applicable as Feed Water Heaters, Refrigerators, Con-
densers, Superheaters, and the like.
I, RUDOLF KLOSTERMANN, of 58 Lombard Street, in the City of London,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement :-
My invention relates to an apparatus for effecting the interchange of heat
between fluids, of the following construction.
A tubular chamber of some length and having a circular or other shaped cross
section contains a central longitudinal passage communicating at each end with a
channel through which the one fluid, such as steam is made to flow, from this
passage external ribs extend to the walls of the casing so as to form between the
ribs a number of passages surrounding the central one. These passages are closed
at the ends but are made to communicate with each other alternately at opposite
ends, so that on introducing the second fluid such as water at one end of one
passage it is made first to flow forward to the other end of such passage, then to
enter the next passage in which it flows back in the contrary direction then to enter
a third passage in which it flows forward again, and so on, flowing in zig zag
direction through all the passages, from the last of which it is then discharged to
wherever required.
Thus assuming the fluid passing through the central passage 'to be exhaust
steam, while that flowing through the surrounding passages is the feed water of a
boiler, the heat from the steam being conveyed by conduction to the ribs forming
the sides of the surrounding passages, and will consequently be taken up by the
water circulating in these, which water will in addition take up heat directly from
the part of the periphery of central passage with which it is also in contact. If the
passages be sufficiently long and the water sufficiently cold on entering it will 'be
evident that the steam could be more or less entirely condensed in the apparatus,
which would then serve as a surface condenser.
In order to insure a uniform contact of the whole body of steam passing through
with the sides of the central passage, the latter may have a helical blade, either
fixed or removeable within it so as to form it into a helical passage for the steam
to pass through.
Or the central passage may have inward projecting ribs for increasing 'the
contact surfaces for conveying the heat. Or again, the central passage may be
divided by partitions into a number of passages, through which the steam may or
may not pass backwards and forwards in the contrary direction to the flow of the
water.
For convenience of construction the apparatus may be built up of a number of
short lengths secured together by flanges and screwed bolts or otherwise.
Instead of being employed for heating feed water or condensing steam the
apparatus may be used for refrigerating Huids, such as'ammonia, 'Howing through
the central passage while cold water or brine flows through the surrounding
passages.

page_text: Also by passing steam from a boiler through the central passage and the hot
combustion gases from the boiler furnace through the surrounding passages the
steam supply may be superheated.
The accompanying drawings shew by way of example, a construction of my
above described apparatus as applied to the heating of the feed water of a steam
boiler, Fig. 1 shews a side elevation, Fig. 2 an end view with the cover removed,
Fig. 3 a longitudinal section, Fig. 4 a cross section on line X X Fig. 3, Fig. 5 a
developed section taken on the circle Y Fig. 4.
The apparatus consists of a tubular chamber built up of a number of flanged
sections AAA, and closed at the ends by covers B B, and having firstly a central
longitudinal tubular passage a through which exhaust steam or furnace gases are
made to flow, the tubular extensions bb on the covers B B being for this purpose
connected to suitable supply pipes, round the central passage a, a number of other
passages c¹³ ³ &c. are formed by means of radial ribs d d extending from the
central passage to the outer tube A A. These channels are made to communicate
with each other alternately at opposite ends by means of openings e¹ e e³ &c. in the
manner shewn in the developed section at Fig. 5, and the uppermost passage d
communicates by a passage f with a force pump g while the lowermost passage c
is connected by an opening h with a pipe or passage leading to the steam boiler.
Thus water being forced by the pump into the uppermost passage c¹ flows
along the same to the other end where it passes through two side openings el e¹ into
the two passages c² c²; in these the water flows along to the other end, and passes
there through the two openings ee into the two passages c³ ³ at the other end of
which it passes through openings ee³ into c4 ct, and so on until it passes through e* et
into the lowermost passage c6, from which it passes through opening to the
boiler.
The heat from the exhaust steam passing through the central passage a is
transmitted through the sides of this passage and through the ribs d d to the water
in the passages c c &c. which water will thus become effectually heated during its
extended zigzag circulation through all the passages c¹ c³ &c.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is:-
1. Apparatus for effecting the interchange of heat between fluids, consisting of a
chamber having a central passage through which the one fluid is made to flow and
which is surrounded by a number of other passages formed by ribs radiating from
the central passage and communicating with each other alternately at opposite ends,
so that the second fluid on being introduced into the one such passage is made to
flow in a zig-zag manner through all the other passages before passing off to
wherever required, substantially as described.
2. Apparatus for effecting the interchange of heat between fluids combined and
operating as herein described with reference to the drawings.
Dated this 26th day of August 1895.
ABEL & IMRAY,
Agents for the Applicant.