IMPROVEMENTS IN REFRIGERATING AND IN APPARATUS THEREFOR
Year: 1876

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Ferdinand Philippe Edouard Carré, Civil Engineer, of
Paris, and Edouard Jullien, Tanner, of Marseilles, both in the Republic of
France, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN REFRIGERATING AND IN
APPARATUS THEREFOR."
Scaled the 5th December 1876, and dated the 13th September 1870.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION filed by the said Ferdinand Philippe Edouard
Carré and Edouard Jullien at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on
the 13th September 1876.
FERDINAND PHILIPPE EDOUARD CARRÉ, Civil Engineer, of Paris, and EDOUARD
JULLIEN, Tanner, of Marseilles, both in the Republic of France. "IMPROVEMENTS IN
REFRIGERATING AND IN APPARATUS THEREFOR
The general principles of ammoniacal refrigerating apparatus and their action are
now so universally known that we can dispense with a general description thereof
and confine ourselves to the description of the improvements which cause them to
work much more efficaciously under all conditions and allow of the obtainment of
important results from their different applications.
Figure 1 in the Diawing represents a boiler of an apparatus producing 100
kilogrammes of ice an hour, and comprising numerous modifications in the interior;
the first consists in a rectifier tube A formed of two serpentines a, a¹, in which
the liquid proceeding from the feed pump by the tube Band bent pipe b is dis-
tributed by the distributor C, the latter is provided with two vertical pipes c, c¹,
the first c has two holes cll of 5 millimeters in diameter by which the liquid enters
the serpentine a, the second c¹ has two holes opposite, and the same height of
4 millimeters and 3/10 diameter, by which the liquid flows to the serpentine a¹;
the tube maintains the pressure of the distributor in equilibrio with that of the
boiler, the serpentines a, a, rise up from the point of admission of the liquid, and
are curved back again nearly down to the arm of the rectifier in order to remove
therefrom any liquid that may be projected accidentally The envelope or casing
of the serpentines is enclosed, its upper flange is fixed in the joint of the boiler, the
serpentines are bolted to the bottom and open near the circumference A pipe D
placed near to the centre returns to the lower region of the boiler the liquid which
may have been projected
The rectification of the gas which rises in the serpentines is effected by contact
Prine G1

page_text: with the liquid which descends; the steam in becoming condensed disengages its
equivalent of ammoniacal gas
At the end of the rectifier there is an exchanger of temperature of the exhausted
and saturated liquid; the liquid which falls fiom the rectifying serpentines falls
into the exterior annular vessel E, whence it rises again by the holes e pierced all
over the cucumference of the ring 2, and flows out by the holes c¹ of the ring 3, and
so on unto that which brings it to the holes e of the central ring 5 after having
successively passed through all the annular vessels E, E¹, E", E³. The spent liquid
reascends by the tube F which passes down to nearly the bottom of the boiler,
passing in a direction opposite to that of the liquid in the annular vessels by
means of the serpentine f, f, f", f, it escapes by the tube F¹.
The rings 1, 3, and 5 are rivetted on the bottom, the rings 4 and 2 are movable,
the covers of the movable rings are bolted each by three or four stays c², e, to the
covers of the fixed rings, the cover of the fixed ring 3 is bolted with india-rubber_
on to a flange and must be raised up for the introduction of the serpentines and
the movable ring 4, each cover has an opening in the middle for the passage of the
gases and the tubes D, F, the upper-edge of the ring is pressed on the flange g by
means of four appendages A', a piece of india-rubber being interposed.
Figure 1bis shows the passage of the-serpentine from the annular vessel E" to the
annular vessel E³, it is arranged in the same manner between the vessels E and E'.
In the lower part is. placed the receiver H, into which flows the liquid from the
exchanger, it is heated as in a bath by the liquid which surrounds it which is
warmer by reason of its expansion, the overflow runs off gradually by the tube /
extending from the bottom, the latter is pierced with a small hole which allows
the receiver to empty itself when the ammonia is.removed from the boiler, ², h³, h',
are stays which hold the receiver.
When the heating is effected by steam it distributes itself by the double pipe I
into the serpentines 11, I¹¹, the former is curved at in order to join at to the
exit pipe j, the latter joins it at 21. The joint of this tube to the wall of the boiler
is so arranged as to be very solid, the flange j is fixed by bolts which do not pass
through it, a projection on the flange enters a hole in the boiler and is bedded m
india-rubber, and the external tube is provided with a screwed flange which is
inovablo-to allow of the passage of the washer j", against which the bolts are screwed.
The cover of the boiler should be provided with a manhole for making the joint
between the tubes and B¹. The heating by an open fire is effected in the usual
inanner
Figure 2 is a liquefier in which the casing supports the absorption vessel, it is
formed of a serpentine A of a deci casing section placed within an annular closed
vessel B, the covei of which is movable and carries an internal appendage B², the cover
is bolted on to the flange of the casing, the flanges a and a¹ of the serpentine are very
wide and are bolted by their outer edge to the casing, and the flanges of the tubes
for the admission of the gas and the exit of the liquefied gas are bolted directly to
the centre of these wide flanges, which greatly assists the joint in bearing the
pressure; c, c, are the tubes for the entrance and exit of the refrigerating water,
inclined at an angle to the radius so as to give it a gyratory movement, which
assists the operation. For economy of construction the serpentine for the additional
cooling of the impoverished liquid after the exchange of temperature is placed in
the same vessel at D, d
The absorption vessel E is carried by brackets E¹ rivetted to the two sides of the
casing of the liquefier, it is composed of a clutch of tubes e rivetted or soldered to
plates e divided into two portions by the partition F; the water enters by the
tube G and passes out by the tube G³, in front of the former is a small disc g which
breaks the current and regulates the circulation, the latter G¹ should be above the
level of the upper tubes in order to preserve a constant level, and the syphon effect
is prevented by a small open tube about one meter high placed at the summit of
the elbow 11, entrance tube for the impoverished liquid I, tube for carrying off
the gas, pierced with fifteen holes of seven millimeters diameter on each of its sides.

page_text: J, cleansing pipe for the liquefier. K, cleansing pipe for the absorption vessel.
1, diaphragms which regulate the circulation of the absorbing liquid.
Figure 3 is a supplementary exchanger analogous as to its construction to those
heretofore employed, but of a reduced surface and not intended to carry the
saturated liquid to the point of ebullition; the tube A carries off the liquid from
the exchanger of the boiler to the internal serpentine A, it passes thence by the
tube A into the absorption vessel by means of the complementary cooling
serpentine D placed in the liquefier, these two tubes may communicate with each
other above the exchanger by the small tubes a, a, between which is a tap which
should be worked so as to prevent too great an elevation of temperature of the
saturated liquid, which would be prejudicial to a proper rectification in the boiler,
when entirely closed it forces all the hot current to pass into the serpentine, when
more or less open it determines the deviation from the tube A to the tube A¹¹, and
according as tho deviation should be more or less the saturated liquid will be
heated inore or less It will be readily perceived when it arrives at boiling point
by the trepidation which it imparts to the receiver the saturated liquid enters by
the tube B and passes out by the tube B¹.
Figure 4 is an annular refrigerator with a closed casing, serving for the icfii-
gerator of uncongealable liquids, it is formed of six serpentines 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6,
receiving the liquefied gas from the distributor A, similar to those of the ordinary
apparatus, by six small tubes a, the serpentines opening into a cast-iron collector B,
on which they are fixed by rectangular flanges bolted by their angles in order to
economise space, the flange b of the collector is bolted by its edge to the casing and
receives at its centre the flange of a tube C, which leads to the absorber. Ď, D',
are tubes for the entrance and exit of the liquid to be cooled, which are placed at
an inclination to the radius, as before mentioned, for the circulation of the liquefier.
The refrigerator is surrounded by non-conducting matters enclosed in a tight
casing of sheet on E held by a wooden frame E¹ fixed by angle irons e or by
screws, the heads of which are covered externally by caps soldered on in order to
prevent the atmospheric moisture from rendering the isolating layer conductive
and the heating due to the metallic conductibility; the passage of the pipes and
taps through the casing is made tight by plates of india-rubber e¹, e, bolted by
their edge on to the casing, and fixed on the pipes either by means of short tubes
tied on, as at e', or by bolting to the flanges of the tubes, as at e¹¹, the distance left
between the metals should be from 5 to 6 centimeters at least.
Figure 5 represents a plan view of a freezing refrigerator working with a
positive ciculation of uncongealable liquid.
The cistern A is divided into six compartments A¹, A², A³, A+, A5, A6, by wooden
partitions a, the refrigerating or fieczing vessels B, B1, B", are so arranged as to
give a horizontal circulculation, they are kept at the desired distances from the cistein
and from each other by projections & placed above and below on their sides, on one
of their ends, and on the edges and the transverse partitions of the cistern, con-
tinuous slips 6 of about one centimeter are placed beneath, and at the other ends
to form a fence without hindering the access of the refrigerating liquid. This liquid
enters by the tube C placed beneath the cistern, it can distribute itself altenatively
by one or other of the ascending pipes C, terminated above by taps c with
annular plugs opening on the side at the height of the bath, on the other hand the
tubes D communicate by their orifices with the exit pipe D, and may he opened
and closed by slides d, lateral openings e, putting all the compartments of the
Cistern into communication with each other; they are placed higher than the
openings of the tubes D¹, so that on lowering the slides d the orifices of the tubes
may be opened and the orifices e closed, and vice versa Supposing that the com-
partment A¹ has the tap copened and the slide d lowered, whilst the contrary is
the case with all the other compartments, the liquid will successively surround the
vessels B, B, B, it will enter into the compartment A* by the opening e to flow
round the same course, and will pass in the same manner through the whole of the
cistern and run out by the tube D' of the entrance compartment after being

page_text: gradually heated by contact with the vessels which are proportionately cooled.
When the vessels of the compartment A' are sufficiently cooled or frozen they are
removed and 10placed by fresh ones, and the commencement of the circuit 18
established by the compartment A, and so on, to obtain a regular system of
working which will place those vessels, wherein the cooling is most difficult, succes-
sively in contact with the coldest liquid, the openings of the tubes D'are at the
height of the liquid bath, during the removal and replacement of the vessels the
circulation should be stopped, and in order to obviate all inconvenience from this
stoppage, the punip which keeps up the circulation must be centrifugal; a piston
pump should have a pipe of communication between its compression and suction
furnished with a spring valve which allows of a reflux from the former into the
latter during the stoppages, the slides are worked by means of jointed rods which
descend to the level of the cistern when they are lowered, and which return to the
same level when they are raised. The cistern is surrounded by an isolating layer
like the preceding refrigerator, the junction of the sheet-iron casing with the
cistein is effected by a sheet of india-rubber F hermetically bolted to both, and
held beneath by planks resting upon bars of the internal frame f, on cach com-
partment is placed an isolating cover from 10 to 15 centimeters thick, the top of
which is of sheet on, and the underneath part is in wood covered with sheet
india-rubber, which is doubled over the sides and fastened hermetically to the sheet-
non top.
The covers are fitted with hinges to the central partition of the cistern which is
raised up to their height
The vessels B hold the water to be frozen, or the meat, fish, and so forth to be cooled
or fiozen, either dry or with the interposition of water, their diniensions should be
rather less at the bottom than at the opening m order to facilitate the withdrawal
of the matters.
The apparatus Figure 6 intended for cooling uncongealable liquids is placed imme-
liatuly under the preceding, it is on the same system as the old refrigerators, from
which it differs only by the absence of vessels, by a cover a hermetically bolted by
a horizontal partition 6 which produces a methodical cooling, and by some details
of construction c is the tube for carrying off the liquefied gas to the distributor, d
is the tube which leads to the absorption vessel; e, the entrance for the uncongealable
liquid which passes out at e¹ To adapt it to this refrigerator the congelator,
Figure 5, has a cavity beneath it in which are placed the two pipes C, D, and it is
placed upon the cover a
0
Figure 7, Sheet 2, represents a vertical section and partial external view of an
apparatus for the preservation of fresh meat and other fermentable substances. It
is formed of a galvanized sheet-iron casing A two millimeters thick, around which
is coiled a serpentine B two inches inside, which expands into parallel folds above
the top and beneath the bottom, and in a rectangular helix with rounded corners
around the sides, the commencement of the upper serpentine is at B¹, it is joined.
to the lateral serpentine at B, the latter is fastened in the same manner at the
bottom of the right side to the lower serpentine, which opens to the outside at the
corner B¹
Each of the panels composing the casing is fastened to the others at the corners,
which are provided with strong angle irons with numerous bolts which press the
edges a against bands of india-iubber pierced with holes for the bolts to pass though,
the lateral serpentines are pieces of of the horizontal length of the sides, which aro
connected at each corner by means of joints b, similar to B¹¹, each of these pieces is
fixed to its panel with two or three collars similar to b¹ rivetted on to the sheet non,
the upper and lower serpentines are both held by the saine collars, the coils aru
placed gradually closer together from the beginning to the end of the cnenit
A second sheet-iron casing C, formed of panels like the first, surrounds the whole,
and is joined together externally at the angles c by joints similar to the preceding,
cavities c¹ allow the flanges of the upper and lower serpentines to rest therem, these
panels are fastened by numerous angle irons to the woodwork composed of

page_text: joists D, D³, connected at each end to beams D¹¹ by tenons d, the whole is surrounded
by planks, the wooden casing of the bevilled corners d" is fixed by screws, bands
of iron d are placed at intervals to consolidate the said corners, and connected
together by bolted rods d'; the bottom plank carries the sides of which the lower
uniting tenons project, and are held by the outside beams, the covering of the
corners and the part of the bottom should not be placed on till after the bolting
of the joints c At the centre of the top is an elliptical opening E (seen on its
smaller axis), the longer axis of which should be about 60 centimeters. It is provided
internally with a ring of india-rubber e folded over and bolted to the sheet iron
at e and on the casing at ell; the cover E¹ is bolted hermetically on the casing, the
panel A is connected by means of a joint to the angle iron civetted on the panel c,
the woodwork of the top and bottom is formed of cross joists tied at intervals by
iron claws made very short for the purpose of avoiding conductibility, or by
small bars of wood nailed to them both The interval comprised between the wall C
and the outer casing is filled with non-conducting material, between the movable
cover E and the cover is placed a bag having the form of the opening and filled
with the same material.
The top panel A may be connected at intervals to the panel C by stays e', rivetted
to the one and attached to the other by external screws with their heads covered by
soldered capsules
To prevent the atmospheric condensation from traversing the external walls they
are clothed with impermeable materials, either with thin panels of galvanized sheet
ion, bolted externally at the corners like the panels C but with cavities at the joints,
either for sheets of india-1ubber, or made with metallic bands nailed or screwed on
to the joints, to avoid the effects of dilation the metallic casing may be made in
several pieces, as shown on the external view, and in enlarged section of the mode of
Junction at Figure 7 is the casing of metal; g, the metallic bands, h, india-
rubber bands inserted between the wood to which the whole is screwed, the india-
rubber bands should be cemented together at the intersections or lapped over with
a bevil joint so as not to have a solution of continuity or of thickness. The
large casings of metal are attached to the wood at intervals with screws, the heads
of which rest on washers of india-rubber or are covered with soldered capsules.
To prevent the effects of dilation and contraction of the air in these large closed
vessels small open tubes are placed on the external casing with their ends
upon the isolating materials, a similar one is placed on the cover El, not
being hermetical the communication from the interior of the casing with the
atmosphere is thereby established. One or two tubes K terminated by taps and
placed at the bottom of the casing c allow of a communication with the atmospheic
to be established and at the same time of the emptying of the serpentine It is
convenient for the tubes i to open into a receptacle containing a hygrometric agent,
such as dry chloride of calciuin, which will remove the humidity of the air on its
passage, and for this purpose the tubes pass horizontally and at about the middle
of the height through the wall of a cylindrical vessel of 40 centimeters diameter and
80 centimeters high, reaching to the centre of the vessel and having their mouths
curved downwards for a length of two or three centimeters, a disc will be placed
above upon projections and with a space of two millimeters all round, and the salt
will be placed on middle sized pieces on the disc, a cover placed on the whole will
have an opening of two centimeters in diameter.
All the tubes which pass through the metallic casing are connected thereto by
india-rubber, as lins been already explained with reference to the refiigerator
Figure 4.
The serpentine is cooled either by the circulation of uncongealable liquid, which
should pass out at least some degrees below zero, and which is forced by a centrifugal
pump passing continually from the serpentine to the refiigerator Figure 4, either by
causing the liquefied gas to pass directly into B', where it vaporizes and passes out
in a gaseous state by the tube B' and enters the absorbtion vessel, its introduction
is regulated by a tap placed on B'; for this purpose the casing should be inclined

page_text: .
about 15 centimeters from right to left in order to give a slope in the direction of
the circulation to the upper and lower serpentines, the lateral serpentine will be dis-
placed in such a manner as to preserve a regular inclination from the horizontal.
This arrangement will leave some parts of the casing wherein the coils are furthest
apart than at the front, this is obviated by soldering along the coils copper appen-
dages of about 3 or 4 millemeters thick, which will abstract, the cold between the more
open coils; it will the same for the spaces left between the branches which pass from
the two sides of the opening E. Or we may cause to circulate through the serpentine
liquefied gases or volatile liquids, such as sulphurous acids and sulphuric ether, vapor-
ized by means of pneumatic pumps, or vaporizing injectors of any of the systems
which have been combined for producing cold, the pumps should be double and act
alternately in order to avoid jerks in the circulation.
The section of the serpentine may be diminished nearly one half by dividing it
into two portions, the first of which stops at about half the height of the casing
with an exit opening, as at B', the second will have its entrance near the above-
named exit, and its exit as at the fiont The partial serpentines will cach have a
tap to regulate the admission.
The meat to he picserved, cooled to zero for a preservation of 5 to 6 days,
partially frozen for a longer preservation, and totally frozen for an indefinite pre-
servation, is placed in the casing, previously cooled to some degrees below zero,
and constantly inaintained so, commencing at the middle of the bottom and piling
it successively from the centre to the circumference; lattices of very thin wood
or strong cloth for meat completely frozen isolates the same from the metal, the
meat is prevented becoming a solid inass from the effects of a prolonged cooling
on board ship by placing it in layers of 30 to 40 centimeters on the same mate-
rials (doubled if required); it will be better also to divide the same in a vertical
direction
Figure 8 represents a preserving apparatus analogous to the preceding, smaller,
more simple, and provided with a lateral door; the serpentine A circulates in the
interior of the metallic cylinder B, the bottom terininates the same as the top,
the dotted lines indicate the direction of the complete circuit, the upper cover of
the cylinder is movable to allow of the introduction of the serpentine.
The serpentine may be replaced by a gutter c, soldered to the exterior of tho
cylinder, which is then livetted at the top as well as the bottom, and describes the
same circuit as the serpentine, near the door the partial gutters are closed at
the end, and the upper ones empty themselves by tubes into those which nic
immediately below, the cylinder Bis then enclosed in a similar cylinder surrounding
the gutters, with a cover bolted on, and held concentrically by projections from
the interior cylinder; the entrance tube A is fitted to the top of the casing, and
that for exit to the bottom or point D. Cold may be produced duectly in the
serpentine as has been above explained, it is the same with the gutters, in the
latter case the bottom of the cylinder and of its casing will be plain, and with
stays connecting the two together, and transmitting the cold to the upper bottom;
the two cylinders will be air-tight, the whole is surrounded with one of the
isolating casings described; the door should be isolated and provided with elastic
cushions covered with india-rubber to prevent all circulation of air in the interior ;
it may have in its thickness a serpentine receiving cold liquid and emitting the
same by two india-rubber tubes.
Solutions of alcohol at eighteen or twenty degrees (Cartier) of glycerine with
thirty or forty per cent. of water, of azotate of potash and soda, saturated at the
temperature to be employed, may be used to convey the cold into the apparatus
without sensible injury to the matters to be preserved.
Figure 9 represents an apparatus for preserving meat by means of ice. The
meat, previously cooled to zero by one of the methods indicated, is placed in the
sheet-iron vessel A tinned inside, or better covered with light sieves to prevent
all metallic contact, its opening is closed by a cover a pressed against a ring of
india-rubber by the movable screw clamp a¹, it is surrounded by a second casing B

page_text: in galvanized sheet iron closing like the former, receiving the ice in the space
which separates them, strips a fixed to the casing A keep them at the proper
distance asunder, a tube b communicating with the outside by means of an india-
rubber sleeve b' to avoid conductibility serves to draw off the water of fusion by
means of a screw plug 6, the whole is surrounded by an isolating casing c¹ above-
described, with a ring of india-rubber e intercepting the metallic conductibility,
the upper opening is closed the same as the others, a door may be placed at the
side, the metallic attachment of which between the walls A and B is shown dotted
at 3, the ring of india-rubber between B and C dotted at c¹, with this door the
opening a, a, may be dispensed with, and the two others reduced to the diameter
necessary for the introduction of the ice, in order that the latter'may not be 10-
frozen in the space which separates the casings A and B, its temperature should
not be below zero, and ice recently made will keep for some hours in water at
zero The meat is preserved perfectly in this apparatus during 5 or 6 days; if
it be desired to preserve it for a longer time it must be introduced in a frozen
state, and a salt inust be added to the ice which will keep the temperature always
below zero
Figure 10 is a receiver, resisting atmospheric pressure and capable of serving to
congeal meat in vacuo. It is filled therewith, the pieces being separated by cloths
so that the refrigerating action may attack them on all sides, and the cover is
placed on a ring of india-rubber, the tube A is connected to the tube D¹ of the
icfiigerator Figure 4, the tube D of the same being connected to a pneumatic pump
causing a powerful vacuum (such as are constructed by M E. Carré, of Paris, for
inaking ice in vacuo). The refrigerator being in action without liquid round the
serpentine a vacuum is formed and maintained and the matters are cooled or
frozen as may be desired, this operation forming a layer of ico around the serpen-
tines it will melt at the commencement of the following operation by intercepting
for some minutes the entrance into the refrigerator of the liquefied ammonia, the
water of fusion is extracted by means of a pump, the pipe of which is connected
to the bottom of the refrigerator and placed one meter below; the junction pipes
will be provided with taps which are air-tight, the cover of the receiver has a small
tap to allow the air to enter before removing it.
The capacity of the pump should be one-sixteenth or one-twentieth of the
space between the two receivers, with from thirty to forty strokes of the piston per
minute, the rose a pierced with holes will keep fiee the opening of the tube A:
Figure 11 is a preservative receiver for liquids, such as milk, broth, and so on,
the ice is placed in the cell A closed the same as the apparatus Figure 9; the
liquid is introduced by the neck b closed by a stopper, and is drawn off by a tube
similar to that of the same Figure, b, b1, b; C is the isolating casing.
.
Figure 12 represents a modification of the ordinary taps, the angle of the plug A
being very obtuso from 33 to 35 degrees, it cannot stick fast, the sheath of india-
rubber which envelops the rod is replaced by a recessed capsule a in soft metal,
such as lead or tin, which the pressure forces against the rod, it may be hardened
by two or three hundredths of antimony according as the pressure to be borne is
more or less strong, this capsule may be applied to pump and other rods.
When the isolating matters are required to be superposed to a great height, as at
the sides of the casing, Figure 7, such as are liable to subside, such as wool, flocks, &c.,
they may be cemented to the walls which enclose them by quick drying oil varnish,
straw placed upright in bundles placed one above the other and cut even at their
ends will not subside, carded wool also may be surrounded by woven fabrics in
which it is held by numerous "cappadines" passing through the layer, the woven
fabrics are then nailed or cemented to the walls.
The tubes which are united to the isolating casing by means of plates of india-
rubber should (in order to allow the former to pass through) be joined to their
prolongations by means of conical junctions, or they should have movable flanges
screwed on after the passage of the india-rubber.
Solder which will iesist ammonia perfectly may be obtained by an alloy of eight

page_text: parts of silver and two of zinc, the alloy of three parts of silver with two of nickel
and three of zinc although not good as the preceding may be used.
Having now described the nature and object of our said Invention, together
with the manner in which the same is to be or may be performed or carried into
practical effect, we would remark in conclusion that we claim as our Invention and
desire to secure to ourselves the exclusive right to the above described apparatus
for the production of cold, as well as the application thereof for the preservation of
organic matters, for the manufacture of ice, and so on, reserving to ourselves the
ught to modify the form and dimensions thereof according to circumstances,
without however altering the principles on which they are based.
In witness whereof, we, the said Ferdinand Philippe Edouard Card and
Edouard Jullien, have hereunto set our hands and seals, respectively on the
Twenty-ninth and Twenty-fifth days of August, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and seventy-six
FERDINAND PHILIPPE EDOUARD CARRÉ. (L.S.)
EDOUARD JULLIEN.
(L.S.)