IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF LINOLEUM AND LIKE FABRICS
Year: 1881

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Michael Barker Nairn, of Kirkcaldy in the County of
Fife Scotland. for an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR
THE MANUFACTURE OF LINOLEUM AND LIKE FABRICS"
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Michael Barker Nairn at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 30th December 1881.
MICHAEL BARKER NAIRN of Kirkcaldy in the County of Fife Scotland.-
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF LINOLEUM AND
LIKE FABRICS'
"
This Invention has for its object improvements in machinery for the manufacture
of linoleum and like fabrics.
Linoleum as is well known consists of a cement made from oil and other
materials which when mixed with ground cork is spread upon a woven fabric.
The machinery which I have designed for this manufacture contains a cylindrical
mixer. The mixer is mounted horizontally and is traversed by a revolving axis.
The axis is provided with arms which pass between other arms fixed within the
cylinder.
Over the mixer at one end is a bin containing ground cork, the material is
supplied to the bin by an elevator and is delivered at the bottom of the bin into
the mixer.
•
Between the bin and the mixer there is a revolving measure which at each
revolution passes a measured quantity of ground cork, also a slide or slide valve to
check the flow when necessary. The flow of the cork from the bin is ensured by
an agitator in the bin consisting of a vertical rod to which a to and fro endwise
movement is imparted. There is a bell in connection with the cork measurer and
when this bell sounds the workman throws a weighed slab of cement into the
hopper of the mixer. The mixer is steam jacketted and in it the cement and the
cork are worked up together. The revolving arms drive the material forward and
cause it to be delivered through a mouth at the end of the mixer. In this mouth
a door or flap is provided which regulates the rate of delivery it is pressed down

page_text: by weights and the regulation is effected by adding or removing some of the
weights from time to time.
«
The axis of the mixer is armed at the end where it projects outside the cylinder
with knives which as the axis moves round pass close in front of the delivery
mouth and cut off the material in slices.
Beneath the mouth of the mixer there are arranged two or more pair of hori-
zontal crushing or mixing rollers arranged one below the other.
0
The slices as they are cut off by the knives fall into the nip of the uppermost
pair of rollers and are crushed as they pass between them. The material being
doctered," off from these upper rollers falls to the nip of the pair below, and so
afterwards to the third pair. The rollers are heated by steam admitted within
them.
The material is allowed to adhere to one of the rollers of the bottom pair until
it is taken off in small fragments by the teeth of a spiked drum which is driven at
a high velocity and is adjustable to and from the roller.
The drum is enclosed in a casing which serves as a hopper and from this the
fragments are delivered to the nip of the spreading rolls between which also the
cloth to form the back of the linoleum fabric is led in the usual way.
The motive power is derived from a steam engine the crank shaft of which lies
horizontally by the side of but below the mixer. It has a toothed wheel and also
a pinion loose upon it but both capable of being held fast to the shaft by frictional
clutches. The toothed wheel gears into a larger spur wheel on the axis of the
mixer and the pinion which is bevelled gears into a bevelled wheel on a transverse
horizontal axis. This axis passes through one of the middle pair of crushing or
mixing rollers and pinions gear it with the other roller of the pair. There are two
other gear wheels on the same axis and these gear with corresponding wheels in
connection with the upper and lower pairs of crushing or mixing rollers. A roller
_of_each_pair_carries one-of-these-wheels-upon-its-axis and is so driven and the other
roller is geared with the first by pinions.
The crank shaft of the engine also has a bevelled wheel upon it driving by a
pinion a transverse horizontal shaft passing beneath the mixer. This shaft at its
other end is provided with belt pulleys and an endless belt passing around them
and also around another smaller pulley on the axis of the spiked roller imparts to
the latter the high speed requisite for the separation of the material into fragments
ready for spreading as already described.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said Michael Barker Nairn in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
30th June 1882.
MICHAEL BARKER NAIRN of Kirkcaldy in the County of Fife Scotland
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF LINOLEUM AND
LIKE FABRICS"
This Invention has for its object improvements in machinery for the manufacture
of linoleum and like fabrics.
Linoleum as is well known consists of a cement made from oil and other
materials which when mixed with ground cork is spread upon a woven fabric.
The machinery which I have designed for this manufacture contains a cylindrical
mixer. The mixer is mounted horizontally and is traversed by a revolving axis.
The axis is provided with arms which pass between other arius fixed within the
cylinder
Over the mixer at one end is a bin containing ground cork, the material is
supplied to the bin by an elevator and is delivered at the bottom of the bin into
the mixer.
Between the bin and the mixer there is a revolving measure which at each
revolution passes a measured quantity of ground cork also a slide or slide valve
to check the flow when necessary. The flow of the cork from the bin is ensured
by an agitator in the bin consisting of a vertical rod to which a to and fro endwise
movement is imparted. There is a bell in connection with the cork measurer and
when this bell sounds the workman throws a weighed slab of cement into the
hopper of the mixer. The mixer is steam jacketted and in it the cement and the
cork are worked up together. The revolving arms drive the material forward and
cause it to be delivered through a mouth at the end of the mixer. In this mouth
a door or Hap is provided which regulates the rate of delivery, it is pressed down
by weights and the regulation is effected by adding or removing some of the
weights from time to time.
The axis of the mixer is armed at the end where it projects outside the cylinder
with knives which as the axis moves round pass close in front of the delivery
mouth and cut off the material in slices.
Beneath the mouth of the mixer there are arranged two or more pair of horizontal
crushing or mixing rollers arranged one below the other.
The slices as they are cut off by the knives fall into the nip of the uppermost
pair of rollers and are crushed as they pass between them. The material being
"doctered" off from these upper rollers falls to the nip of the pair below and so
afterwards to the third pair. The rollers are heated by steam admitted within
them.
The material is allowed to adhere to one of the rollers of the bottom pair until
it is taken off in small fragments by the teeth of a spiked drum which is driven at
a high velocity and is adjustable to and from the roller.
The drum is enclosed in a casing which serves as a hopper and from this the
fragments are delivered to the nip of the spreading rolls between which also the
cloth to form the back of the linoleum fabric is led in the usual way.
The motive power is derived from a steam engine the crank shaft of which lies
horizontally by the side of but below the mixer. It has a toothed whcel and also
a pinion loose upon it but both capable of being held fast to the shaft by frictional
clutches. The toothed wheel gears into a larger spur wheel on the axis of the
mixer and the pinion which is bevilled gears into a bevilled wheel on a transverse
horizontal axis. This axis passes through one of the middle pair of crushing or
mixing rollers and pinions gear it with the other reller of the pair. There are two

page_text: mey's an an endless beit passing around them and also
around another small pulley on the axis of the spiked roller imparts to the latter
the high speed requisite for the separation of the imaterial into fragments ready for
spreading as already described.
In order that my said Invention may be most fully understood and readily
carried into effect I will proceed to describe the Drawings hereunto annexed.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Figure 1 is a side elevation, Figure 2 is an end elevation, and Figure 3 is a plan
of the machine constructed in accordance with my Invention.
a is the horizontal mixer, and a' is the axis which passes through the mixer.
These parts are provided with arms arranged in the usual manner, and by them the
material is worked in its passage through the mixer. a² is the mouth at which the
material is delivered; as is a door which obstructs the delivery more or less
according to the weight with which it is loaded, a' is a receiving hopper for the slabs
of cement.
A pair of rollers in the hopper receive the slabs as they are thrown in. These
rollers are geared together and one of them is driven from the axis a¹ by a pair of
spur wheels. The material as it is scraped from the surface of these rollers falls into
the mixer.
bis a bin which kept charged with ground cork.
c, is a measurer, consisting of a cylindrical casing and an axis-passing-through-it;
the-axis-is-furnished-with-radial partitions which prevent the cork descending from
the bin above to the trunk below except as the axis in revolving carries it
forward. The axis by means of a small bevilled wheel gives motion to the gear
wheels of a counter and after any prearranged number of rotations causes a bell to
be sounded.
d. d. are knives like those of a chaff cutter, they divide the material into slices as
it leaves the mouth.
c, c, are an upper pair of crushing rollers, the slices of material detached by the
knives fall between these rollers. The surface speeds of these rollers are different.
ff, are another pair of crushing rollers to which the material falls as it is scraped
or "doctored" off the rollers c. c. The rollers f. f. may also revolve at different surface
speeds.
g. g. are a third pair of rollers, it is not essential that three pair should be
employed but it tends to more perfect work. The material after passing between
these rollers remains adhering to the front roller, being caused to do so by a suitable
regulation of the temperatures of the rollers as is well understood.
is a spiked drum driven at high speed which tears the material in fragments
from the surface of the front roller g.
i. i. are the rolls of the spreading machine, this machine is of the ordinary
construction and only a portion of it is represented in the Drawings.
.. is the crank shaft of the driving engine, it has upon it the toothed wheel ¹
and the bevelled pinion, are the frictional clutches by which ¹ and ² are
when needed, locked fast upon the shaft k.
is a large spur wheel on the axis a¹ of the mixer, and gearing with ¹.
m is a bevelled wheel on the axis of one of the rollers f and gearing with ².
m' and an, are spur wheels on the same axis.
1. is a wheel in gear with m', it is fast upon the neck of the front roller e.
o is a wheel in gear with m² and fast upon the neck of the front roller g.

page_text: p. p. are pinions by which the rollers e. e. f. f. and g. g. are geared together in
pairs.
q is a bevelled wheel upon the shaft k.
.
is a shaft having a pinion 1 upon it in gear with q and carrying the belt
pulley
8. is a small belt pulley driven by a belt from 2, it is fast on the axis of the
spiked drum h.
Having thus described the nature of my said Invention and the manner of
performing the same I would have it understood that I claim.—
First. The combination of the parts a. a'. f kkkland m substantially as
described.
Second The combination of the parts a b and c, substantially as described.
Third The loaded door a³ obstructing the delivery of the material from the
mixer a, substantially as described.
Fourth The knives & cutting the material into slices as it issues from the mouth a²
substantially as described.
Fifth. The combination of crushing rollers e, e f, f, and g, g, substantially as
described.
Sixth. The machine for the manufacture of linoleum and like fabrics substantially
as described.
In witness whereof I the said Michael Barker Nairn have hereunto set my
hand and seal this Twenty third day of June in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and eighty two.
זזזזז
D NAIDNT
PATHIO
L B.
NAIDN