IMPROVEMENTS IN THE FILTERING AND RATING OF WATER
Year: 1884

page_text: I WILLIAM PAULSON of Mountsorrel, near Loughborough in the County of
Leicester, Physician and Surgeon, do hereby declare the nature of this Invention
for IMPROVEMENTS IN THE FILTERING AND RATING OF WATER to be as
follows:
The object aimed at is, to provide a reliable filter, which shall be perpetually
renewable at very little trouble and at no cost:-It is so constructed that by.
occasionally placing the filtering vessel in a hot oven and then exposing it to the
air the filter is perfectly renovated. Then by saturating and supersaturing tho
filtered water with carbonic acid gas it is made fresh thus avoiding the ordinary
vapid flat taste of filtered water.
These objects are attained in the following manner, the apparatus consists of a
lid, a reservoir a filtering vessel and a chamber or bottle in which the carbonic-
acid gas is generated from sutable powders, as alum and carbonate of soda
moistened with water.
The Lid; If it is intended only to saturate the filtered water with carbonic acid
gas, then the lid simply covers both the reservoir and filtering vessel and requires
no special construction, except a groove for admitting the syphon, but if super-
saturation is required, then the lid is made to lock by half a turn under wedge-
shaped bosses on rims of reservoir and on rubber washer, or a swing handle with a
screw working from centre may be used to jam it on the washer.
The handle is bow shaped with a perforation directly under it, so that an
elastic ball, pressed between the lid and handle over the perforation makes a safty
valve which permits the escape of superabundent gas or air.
The Reservoir:-The reservoir is made vase shaped or barrel shaped, if the
former then the pediment forms the bottle for generating the carbonic acid gas,
and has one or more flanges which correspond with others on the stem of
the reservoir: the joints are made gastight by inserting between them suitable
washers.
The stem is made double cone shaped and perforated one cone projecting into
the gas bottle forming the base to give stability, the other projecting about an inch

page_text: into the reservoir, with a valve at its apex, which is also covered by a small
´inverted vessel, the rim of which rests in the groove between the wall of the
reservoir, and the base of the cone; this arrangement permits the escape of the gas
into the reservoir, but prevents the filtered water from running into the base. If
barrel shaped, then the gas chamber or bottle is placed inside the reservoir, and
is about two inches high, the neck funnel shaped and countersunk. The valve is
placed in the neck, and as before covered by a small inverted vessel, the rim of which
rests on the groove formed by the countersinking between the neck and the
bottle.
Filtering Vessel. The filtering vessel may either be cylindrical or as an inverted
truncated cone, like a flower pot and has a rim resting on a ledge of the reservoir.
The bottom is made convex internally and perforated in the centre, a shallow
inverted vessel like a flower pot saucer is inverted over this convex bottom, and
in the groove between bottom and sides, I place inagnetic oxide of iron; above
this for about one third of the lower part of the filtering vessel I place purified
silicated carbon which is kept in its place by a perforated lid and, a slightly
projecting rim.
.
-
In the upper rim a groove or two is cut so as to equalise the pressure in the
reservoir and filtering vessel: when supersaturation is required a tap is inserted in
reservoir. When saturation only I prefer to withdraw the filtered water by
a syphon, thus, a groove is left in the rim of the filtering vessel reservoir and lid,
then a glass tube rather longer than the inside of the reservoir, having at the end
an inch or two of indiarubber tubing at the other a piece of similar tubing rather
longer than itself weighted at the end, when the tube is in position in the groove
and the tube capping it is pinched, and the glass tube withdrawn, a syphon is
formed and the contents drawn off as desired.
I

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvement in the Filtering and Aörating of Water.
I, WILLIAM PAULSON of Mountsorrel near Loughborough, Leicestershire!
Physician and surgeon, do hereby declare the nature of my invention for
IMPROVEMENT IN THE FILTERING AND AERATING OF WATER and in what manner.
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement :-
My invention for improvement in the filtering and aërating of water has for its'
object to provide a filter which shall be readily renovated with little trouble or
cost and which, besides removing the impurities from the water passing through it,
shall also render the said water as bright and palatable as the best spring water.
In carrying my invention into practical effect, I cause the water to be passed
through a suitable filtering medium-which, besides destroying the organic
impurities in the water passed through it for a considerable period and collecting
any suspended matter, can also be readily renovated over and over again when
required by simply subjecting it while in its containing vessel to a sufficient heat
or temperature and subsequently exposing it to the atmosphere to cool and absorb
oxygen and, during its filtration and while in the filter, I subject the water to
the action or pressure of carbonic acid or other suitable gas.
The filtering medium may advantageously be reduced iron and prepared
charcoal; metallic iron or oxide of iron and charcoal; or the magnetic or other.
oxide of iron and purified and granulated silicated carbon.
The carbonic acid or other gas may be generated from any known suitable
substance, such as alum and carbonate of soda, which when moistened with water,
gives off the gas required and which may conveniently be placed in the hollow
stand or hollow lid or cover of the filter. The lid or cover may be provided with a
safety valve to let off any superfluous gas. If desired to super-saturate the water
with the gas, the lid or cover is firmly secured to the outer casing of the filter.
In order that my invention may be fully understood, I have shown in the
annexed sheet of drawings, two constructions of filter especially suitable for
carrying my invention into practice.
Fig. 1 is a central vertical section of a filter.
The outer casing A is of any convenient size and shape and is provided with an
orifice B for a tap situated near its bottom, or with a channel or passage or tube
opening out into the casing at or near the bottom and leading to a tap placed at
any convenient point so as to act as a syphon.
The vessel or receptacle C for the filtering medium D has a projecting rim or
lip E which when the said vessel or receptacle C is placed within the casing rests'
upon the upper edge of the casing as clearly shown. At or near the centre of the
bottom of this vessel or receptacle is a perforated projection or nozzle or nipple F
over which is placed an inverted cup G. In order to regulate the flow of water
through the nipple F, an asbestos or other wick may be packed therein. The wick

page_text: passes up through the nipple F and has its upper end turned over and opened out
or splayed to support the cap G and to prevent the passage of any of the filtering
medium D through the nipple to the reservoir J formed in the lower part of the
casing A for the filtered water. The wick also serves to extract the whole of the
water out of the vessel C when it is removed from the casing A, The filtering
medium D is retained in position by a perforated cover H resting on it or on an
internal ledge of the vessel. C.
This arrangement compels the water to pass through the whole of the filtering
medium D, under the rim of the cup G and through the nipple F to the reservoir J.
The lid or cover K of the filter is hollow and rests on the outer casing in the
ordinary manner as shown; or it may be adapted to be firmly secured to the outer
casing, a tight joint being made between them by a rubber washer or other suit-
able packing. The lid or cover is also provided with a funnel shaped orifice L,
leading to its interior, at or near.its top, for the introduction of the substance from
which the carbonic acid or other gas is generated; this orifice is closed by a stopper
or other convenient means. A passage M leads from the interior of the lid or
cover K and conducts the liberated gas to the surface of the water.
Fig. 2 is a central vertical section of another form of filter. The construction is
very similar to that shown in fig. 1; the same letters of reference being employed
to denote the same parts. In this modification the cover K is of the ordinary
construction except that it is adapted to be firmly attached to the outer casing A.
The casing A-is provided at its bottom with a perforated projection N surmounted
by a valve O and a cap P and fits on to a hollow stand R containing the substance
from which the gas is generated; a tight joint between the two being secured by a
packing ring S. The gas liberated in the hollow stand R passes up through the
.projection N, by the valvo O, under the rim of the cap P, and through the filtered
water in the reservoir J. The valve O prevents any of the filtered water finding
its way to the hollow stand R. The cover K of the filter is shown provided with
an india rubber ball valve T' forced into position and which prevents the escape of
gas until its pressure rises above a safe limit for the strength of the filter.
When applying my invention to an ordinary filter, the gas may be generated in
the small vessel V, shewn in fig. 3, which is placed in the reservoir for the filtered
water or in any other convenient part of the filter. The gas generated in the
vessel V passes through the valve O, under the rim of the cap P, to the water;
the water being prevented by the valve from entering the vessel V.
Having now fully described and ascertained the nature of my said invention
and in what manner the same is to be carried into practical effect I would have
it understood that what I consider to be novel and original and therefore claim is
1. Exposing or subjecting the water to be filtered while in the filter to the
action or pressure of carbonic acid or other suitable gas substantially as described.
2. In a filter, supporting the filtering medium in a separate vessel so that the said
filtering medium can readily be removed together with its containing vessel from
the main body of the filter substantially as described and for the purpose set
forth.
•
3. Filtering, purifying and aerating water by passing the said water through a
filtering medium which can readily be renovated and exposing the said water,
while in the filter to the action or pressure of carbonic acid or other suitable gas
generated either within or outside the filter substantially as described.
4. Exposing or subjecting the water to be filtered while in the filter to the action
or pressure of carbonic acid or other suitable gas generated from a suitable sub-
stance contained in a vessel situated within or without or forming part of the
filter substantially-as described.
r
5. In a filter, the construction of the vessel containing the filtering medium so
tliat, it can readily be removed from the main body of the filter and so that thế

page_text: water to be filtered is caused to flow in passing from the said vessel under the rim
of an inverted cup and downwards through a perforated nipple substantially as
described and for the purposes set forth.
6. The construction of a filter for purifying and aërating water consisting of an
outer case provided either with an orifice for a tap or with a passage for a syphon;
a removable receptacle or vessel containing the filtering medium supported within.
the said outer case and having at its bottom a nipple covered by an inverted cup
and fitted with a suitable wick; and a cover or lid adapted or not to be firmly
secured to the outer case, provided or not with a safety valve and containing or not
the substance from which the carbonic acid or other gas is generated substantially
as described with reference to the drawings.
7. In a filter, admitting carbonic acid or other suitable gas generated in the hollow.
stand of the filter or in a separate vessel inserted in the main body of the filter to
act on the water through a valve which valve allows of the exit of the gas from
but prevents the admission of the water to the stand or separate vessel substantially
as described.
8. The construction of a filter substantially as described with reference to fig. I'
or to fig. 2 of the drawings.
9. The construction of the apparatus substantially as described with reference
to fig. 3 of the drawings and for the purpose set forth.