IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF AERATED LIQUIDS
Year: 1885

page_text: I ARTHUR WILLIAM LOVELL REDDIE of the Office for Patents, 6 Bream's
Buildings Chancery Lane in the County of Middlesex, Patent Agent, do hereby
declare the nature of the invention for IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR THE
MANUFACTURE OF AERATED LIQUIDS to be as follows:-
.
This invention is applicable to machines or apparatus for charging with carbonic
acid gas, or aërating, water, beer, ale, cider, wine or any other beverages.
Such apparatus, as heretofore made, usually comprises a receiver and pump for
delivering thereinto at each stroke, water or other liquid to be aërated, and also for
delivering the gas required to aërate or charge such liquid, and an agitator which
is rotated in the receiver and by its action incorporates the liquid with the gas
which is in the receiver. The receiver has usually been provided with a safety
valve for gas, which, when blown off therefrom is returned to the gas holder; but
if the bottler who takes the aërated liquid from the receiver, leaves his work for
any purpose and the pump is allowed to continue its operation the receiver becomes
filled with liquid to an extent which prevents the agitator from properly incor-
porating the gas with the liquid; and if such absence is of long duration the pump
will fill the receiver full of liquid and is then liable to produce breakage, inasmuch
as the safety valve is not large enough to relieve the receiver when filled with liquid.
The object of one part of this invention is to automatically control the admission
of liquid and gas to the receiver by the weight of the liquid therein; and to thereby
render the apparatus automatic in its operation so that when adjusted to maintain
a certain liquid level in the receiver, that level will not be materially exceeded even
if the pump be worked continuously. This part of the invention consists in mount-
ing the receiver upon trunions or pivots, through one of which liquid and gas from
the pump enter, and through the other of which the aërated liquid leaves the
receiver; and in supporting the receiver, which is thus pivotted upon a balance or
scale-beam, which is connected with a valve arranged in the pipe through which
the pump receives the liquid. The receiver being thus supported and the scale
beam or balancing devices being adjusted so as to just balance the receiver, when
filled with liquid to the level desired, any increase of liquid in the receiver above the
level desired will cause it to move downward slightly and by so doing to close the
valve in the suction pipe of the pump and thereby shut off the supply of liquid to
the pump..
The object of another part of this invention is to dispense with the rotary
agitator which is commonly arranged in the receiver, and to provide, in lieu
thereof, means whereby the liquid and gas will be incorporated or thoroughly

page_text: mingled together in their passage from the pump to the receiver. This part of
the invention consists essentially in what may be termed an "incorporator," located
in the pipe leading from the pump to the receiver.
This incorporator consists of a number of inverted bell-shaped or pear-shaped
vessels, preferably of glass, and having an air-tight connection with the base plate
on which they are arranged in series.
The discharge pipe from the pump is extended upward within the first vessel
nearly to the top thereof. From the bottom of the first vessel a pipe extends
upward nearly to the top of the second vessel, and from the bottom of the second
vessel a pipe extends upward nearly to the top of the third vessel. From the
third vessel or the last vessel of the series, if no more than three be used, a pipe
extends to the receiver.
These several pipes are preferably of gradually diminishing size from the
receiving to the discharge end of the series. For example, the pipe leading from
the pump may be three-quarters of an inch in diameter, the pipe leading from the
first to the second vessel may be five-eighths of an inch in diameter, the pipe
leading from the second to the third vessel may be one half an inch in diameter,
and the pipe leading from the third or last vessel of the series may also be one
half inch in diameter.
At each stroke of the pump liquid and gas are discharged forcibly into the first
vessel, the liquid being sprayed against the top thereof and falling through the gas
therein. Each pulsation of the pump produces a discharge of liquid from each
vessel into the next, and from the last vessel into the receiver, and as the pipes
connecting the vessels are of gradually diminishing size, it will be seen that the
liquid is discharged through them more and more forcible toward the end of the
series. By this means the liquid will be thoroughly aërated in its passage from
the pump to the receiver.
The rotary agitator in the receiver is dispensed with and the automatic incor-
porating action of the liquid and gas which may be seen through the glass
incorporator, adds to the novel appearance of the apparatus.
The object of another part of the invention is to provide a pump for apparatus
of this class which shall be more desirable than those heretofore used because it
has but very little clearance, and will force out at each discharge almost the entire
volume of liquid and gas which were taken in at the previous suction stroke, and
because there is no metallic contact or friction of metal on metal in the
pump which
would tend to deteriorate the quality of the liquid. This part of the invention
consists in a pump comprising a barrel or chamber through the upper end of which
works a plunger preferably having its outer surface of glass or other non-corrodible
or vitreous material.
At the upper end of the pump barrel is an annular enlargement or rebate wherein
is a cup-shaped leather packing secured in place by a gland or cap. This gland or
cap is also cup-shaped at the top so as to retain within it liquid which keeps the
leather packing moist, and seals the pump to the entrance of air. At the lower
end of the barrel is a valve box containing suction and discharge passages and
valves, the discharge passage being larger than the suction passage to prevent any
hammering or pounding of the pump as it operates. The pipes for air and liquid
enter the valve box at its opposite sides, and both preferably enter the pump barrel
through the same suction valve and suction passage.
The pump plunger is operated by a pitman and suitable connections from a
crank shaft which may be rotated either by hand or by power from any suitable
source.

page_text: Liquids.
I ARTHUR WILLIAM LOVELL REDDIE of the Office for Patents 6 Bream's
Buildings, Chancery Lane in the County of Middlesex, Patent Agent do hereby
declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:
This invention is applicable to machines or apparatus for charging with carbonic
acid gas or aërating, water, beer, ale, cider wine or any other beverages.
Such apparatus, as heretofore made, usually comprises a receiver and pump for
delivering thereinto at each stroke, water or other liquid to be aerated, and also for
delivering the gas required to aerate or charge such liquid, and an agitator which
is rotated in the receiver and by its action incorporates the liquid with the gas
which is in the receiver. The receiver has usually been provided with a safety
valve for gas, which when blown off therefrom, is returned to the gas holder; but
if the bottler who takes the aerated liquid from the receiver, leaves his work for
any purpose and, the pump. is allowed to continue its operation, the receiver
becomes filled with liquid to an extent which prevents the agitator from properly,
incorporating the gas with the liquid; and if such absence is of long duration the
pump will fill the receiver full of liquid and is then liable to produce breakage
in-ns-much as the safety valve is not large enough to relieve the receiver when
filled with liquid.
The object of one part of this invention is to automatically control the admission
of liquid and gas to the receiver by the weight of the liquid therein, and to thereby
render the apparatus automatic in its operation so that when adjusted to maintain
a certain liquid level in the receiver, that level will not be materially exceeded
even if the pump be worked continuously. This part of the invention consists in
mounting the receiver upon trunnions or pivots through one of which liquid and
gas from the pump enter and through the other of which the aerated liquid leaves
the receiver, und in supporting the receiver, which is thus pivotted upon a balance
or scale beam which is connected with a valve arranged in the pipe through which
the pump receives the liquid. The receiver being thus supported and the scale-
beam or balancing devices being adjusted so as to just balance the receiver, when
filled with liquid to the level desired, any increase of liquid in the receiver above
the level desired will cause it to move downward slightly and by so doing to close
the valve in the suction pipe of the pump and thereby shut off the supply of liquid
to the pump.
.
.
The object of another part of this invention is to dispense with the rotary
agitator which is commonly arranged in the receiver and to provide, in lieu thereof,
means whereby the liquid and gas. will be incorporated or thoroughly mingled
together in their passage from the pump to the receiver. This part of the invention
consists essentially in what may be termed an "incorporator " located in the pipe
leading from the pump to the receiver This incorporator consists of a number
of inverted bell-shaped or pear-shaped vessels, preferably of glass, and having an

page_text: air-tight connection with the base plate on which they are arranged in series.
The discharge pipe from the pump is extended upward within the first vessel
nearly to the top thereof. From the bottom of. the first vessel a pipe extends
upwards nearly to the top of the second vessel, and from the bottom of the second
vessel a pipe extends upwards nearly to the top of the third vessel. From the third
vessel or the last vessel of the series, if no more than three be used, a pipe extends
to the receiver.
These several pipes are preferably of gradually diminishing size from the
receiving to the discharge end of the series. For example, the pipe leading from
the pump may be three quarters of an inch in diameter, the pipe leading from the
first to the second vessel inay be five eights of an inch in diameter, the pipe leading
from the second to the third vessel may be one-half an inch in diameter, and the
pipe leading from the third or last vessel of the series may also be one half in
diameter. At each stroke of the pump liquid and gas are discharged forcibly into
the first vessel the liquid being sprayed against the top thereof and falling through
the gas therein. Each pulsation of the pump produces a discharge of liquid from
each vessel into the next, and from the last vessel into the receiver, and as the
pipes connecting the vessels are of gradually diminishing size, it will be seen that
the liquid is discharged through them more and more forcibly toward the end of
the series. By this means the liquid will be thoroughly aerated in its passage
from the pump to the receiver. The rotary agitator in the receiver is dispensed
with and the automatic incorporating action of the liquid and gas which may
be seen through the glass incorporator adds to the novel appearance of the
apparatus.
The object of another part of the invention is to provide a pump for apparatus
of this class which shall be more desirable than those heretofore used because it
has but very little clearance and will force out at each discharge almost the entire
volume of liquid and gas which was taken in at the previous suction stroke ; and
because there is no metallic contact or friction of metal on metal in the pump
which would tend to deteriorate the quality of the liquid. This part of the
invention consists in a pump comprising a barrel or chamber through the upper
end of which works a plunger, preferably having its outer surface of glass or other
non-corrodible or vitrious material. At the upper end of the pump barrel is an
annular enlargement or rebate wherein is a cup shaped leather packing secured in
place by a gland or cap. This gland or cap is also cup shaped at the top so as to
retain within it liquid which keeps the leather packing moist and seals the pump
to the entrance of air. At the lower end of the barrel is a valve box containing
suction and discharge passages and valves, the discharge passage being larger than
the suction passage to prevent any hammering or pounding of the pump as it
operates. The pipes for air and liquid enter the valve box at its opposite sides
and both preferably enter the pump barrel through the same suction valve and
suction passage.
The pump plunger is operated by a pitman and suitable connections from a
crank shaft which may be rotated either by hand or by power from any suitable
source.
In the accompanying drawings Figure 1 is a longitudinal vertical section of an
apparatus embodying the present invention. Figure 2 is a horizontal section thereof
upon the plane of the dotted line x, x Figure 1; Figure 3 is a transverse vertical
section upon the plane of the dotted line y, y, Figure 1, and Figure 4 is a vertical
section of the pump alone upon a larger scale.
Similar letters of reference designate corresponding parts in all the Figures.
The frame of the apparatus may be of any suitable construction and material.
As here represented it consists of two end frames or standards A A having at their
top, bearings a, wherein is supported a crank shaft B which may be rotated by
hand or by power. This crank shaft is here shown as provided with fast and
loose pulleys B¹ B² to receive a driving belt and with a fly wheel B³ to steady its
rotation.

page_text: Upon one end of the crank shaft B is a crank b serving to operate the pump
plunger C which is fitted to a pump barrel C¹. The upper end of the plunger C
is secured in a cross head c, which is fitted to reciprocate vertically in guides c¹ and
which is connected by a rod c with the crank b.
The end frame or standards are connected by cross portious or stretchers A¹ and
are supported upon a base plate A².
D designates the receiver for carbonated liquid, which is constructed of brass or
other metal and which is capable of withstanding a heavy internal pressure.
E is a water box or chamber from which liquid is taken by the pump and
delivered imingled with gas into the receiver D. Between the pump and receiver
are a number of incorporating vessels or incorporators F through which the liquid
and gas are passed and by which they are mixed or incorporated together as they
pass from the pump to the receiver D.
Such being the principal parts of the improved apparatus the details of their
construction and the manner in which they are combined together will now be
described.
The construction of the pump is best shown in Fig. 4. At the base of the pump
barrel or chamber C is a valve or box C2 containing an inlet passage c³ wherein is
arranged a suction valve c and an outlet passage c³, provided with an outlet or
discharge valve c. As here represented the valves of care aided in closing by
springs carranged within plugs or bonnets cs and by removing said plugs or
bonnets access may be had to the valves for cleaning them or for removing them
when worn out.
The water box E is to be supplied with water or other liquid, to be carbonated,
from any suitable source, such as an elevated reservoir through a pipe c and the
flow of water from this pipe into said box will, preferably, be controlled by a float
actuated valve such as is commonly used in carbonating apparatus, and which is
not shown as it forms no part of this invention.
From the water box E the liquid is taken to the pump by a pipe e¹ wherein is
arranged a valve e, to which reference is hereafter made more particularly and
gas is supplied to the pump through a pipe f from a gas holder, not here shown.
The receiver D is provided with a safety valve f¹ which may be similar to those
ordinarily used in carbonating apparatus and the overflow from this safety valve
is delivered by a pipe f2 into the main gas supply pipe f from whence it will again
pass to the pump. The receiver also has connected with it a pressure gauge f³ for
indicating the degree of pressure within it.
Upon the up stroke of the pump plunger C gas and liquid are drawn in from the
pipes e, f, and upon the down stroke of the plunger the gas and liquid are
discharged through the passage and valve co, co into the discharge pipe d.
As here represented, the pump plunger has a lining or sleeve e which may be
of glass or other noncorrodible material and which is held in place on the plunger
between a head and a nut **thereon. The upper end of the pump barrel C¹
has an internal recessed enlargement C³ wherein is contained a cup leather
packing co held in place by a gland or cap C This gland or cap C is cup
shaped so as to contain liquid for sealing the pump to prevent the entrance of air,
and which also serves to keep the packing cl moist.
It will be observed that in this pump there is practically no clearance because
the plunger fits the barrel throughout its length. There are no metallic surfaces
working in frictional contact which by the wearing of metal would tend to
contaminate the liquid pumped, and the liquid is always discharged first from
the pump. It is preferred to make the discharge passage c³ larger than the suction
passage c³ in order to avoid pounding or hammering of the pump in its discharge
stroke.
The incorporators F consist of inverted cup-shaped vessels open at the lower end
and which may be made of glass or metal. Each incorporator vessel F has a flange
at the lower end and is secured by a gland g in the cup-shaped or recessed base
portion gl. The base portions for the several incorporators are constructed with

page_text: tubular passages d* intercepted by partitions t as best shown in Fig. 1. From the
base portions g¹ tubes g² extend upwards into each of the incorporators F, and the
passage and the tubes g' are of gradually decreasing size from the receiving side
of, the series of incorporators where the pump is situated to the delivery side of said
series from whence a pipe d¹ extends to the receiver D.
The liquid and gas delivered by the pump are discharged from the passage d
and upwards through the tube g2 in the first incorporator and in falling from the
top to the bottom of said incorporator the gas and liquid become thoroughly
mixed. From the bottom of the first incorporator the liquid and gas are delivered
through the passage d* and the tube g³ of the second incorporator by which they
are still further mixed, and so on to the third incorporator by which their mixing
is completed and the liquid then thoroughly charged with gas is delivered through
the pipe to the receiver D.
It is advantageous to have the passages d* and the pipes g² of gradually
diminishing size throughout the series of incorporators because then the liquid
and gas discharged from the pump receive a stronger impulse upward through the
pipes g² as it nears the end of the series of incorporators and the effective com-
mingling of the two is thereby promoted.
The receiver D unlike those ordinarily employed in carbonating apparatus is not
fixed in position but is supported by trunnions or knife-edged pivots h in hangers G
which depend from the frame of the machine.
Concentric with these trunnions are sockets or stuffing boxes h¹ which respec-
tively receive the pipe whereby the mingled liquid and gas are delivered to the
receiver and pipe H whereby the gas and liquid are to be drawn from the receiver
by the bottler.
Inasmuch as these pipes are concentric with the pivots or trunnions of the
receiver they do not interfere with its swinging in a vertical plane on these pivots
or trunnions.
Connected with the pivots or trunnions h are levers I which are provided with
adjustable weights I' and which are designed to balance the weight of the receiver
when it is filled with liquid to the level which it is desired to maintain therein.
For example if it is desired that the receiver shall be half full of liquid, the
weights are set so that they will just balance the weight of the receiver when
filled to that extent, and so that any excess in the receiver beyond that limit will
cause the receiver to fall slightly and raise the weights.
d1*
The receiver is composed of cast metal and is provided with an inlet passage
with which the pipe d' communicates and an outlet passage 1 which communi-
cates with the delivery pipe H. The position of these passages will be readily
understood from Figure 2.
'
The valve e which has been before referred to and which is in the supply pipe
whereby liquid is delivered to the pump, is connected with the receiver by a chain i
or other suitable connection so that said valve will be closed and prevent the
Blowing of liquid to the pump when the receiver, by the increase of liquid within
it, overbalances the weights I¹ and falls.
There are here represented stops for limiting the downward movement of the
receiver consisting of rods J which pass through a cross bar or abutment A³
attached to the framing of the machine; and which also pass through lugs or
ears d upon the receiver D. Upon these rods are fitted nuts which may be
adjusted so as to permit any desired degree of swinging movement of the
receiver D; and K designates springs applied to the stop rods J and forming
a cushion which cases the stopping of the receiver as it falls upon its trunnions h.
The arrangement of these parts for balancing the receiver D and for limiting the
swinging movement will be best understood from Figure 3 where they are clearly
illustrated.
When the quantity of liquid in the receiver is only equal to or below that
desired, the receiver, will be maintained in an elevated position by the weights I'

page_text: and the valve e will be held open by the chain or connection i and will allow
a free suction to the pump In case the receiver falls by reason of excess of
liquid within it the chain or connection will become slack and the valve e² will
be closed.
It will be seen that provision is made for automatically regulating the amount
of liquid admitted to the receiver D so that in case the bottler desires to leave his
machine for any purpose there will be no danger of the receiver becoming over-
charged with liquid and the operation of the pump will be allowed to continue
and as soon as the liquid in the receiver reaches the level desired the receiver will
fall by its weight and will shut off the supply of liquid to the pump.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed as communicated to
me by my Foreign Correspondent I declare that what I claim is
1. In a carbonating apparatus, the combination with a receiver mounted to
vibrate slightly upwards and downwards and a pump for delivering liquid thereto,
of balancing devices for balancing' the receiver with its contained liquid, a valve
through which the supply of liquid to the receiver is controlled and connection
between the receiver and valve whereby the downward movement of the receiver
resulting from an excess of liquid therein will effect the closing of the valve
substantially as described.
2. In a carbonating apparatus the combination with a receiver pivotted to
swing upwards and downwards and balancing devices therefor, of a pump for
delivering liquid to the receiver, a suction pipe leading to the pump, a valve in
the suction pipe and a connection through which the valve will be closed on the
downward movement of the receiver resulting from an excess of liquid therein
substantially as herein described.
3. In a carbonating apparatus, the combination with a receiver pivotted to swing
in a vertical plane and having inlet and outlet passages concentric with its pivots,
and balancing devices for the receiver, of a pump for delivering liquid to the
receiver and a discharge pipe leading from the pump to the inlet passage of the
receiver an outlet pipe for drawing the liquid from the receiver communicating
with its outlet passage, a valve for controlling the supply of liquid to the pump
and a connection whereby said valve will be closed on the downward novement of
the receiver by reason of an excess of liquid therein, substantially as herein
described.
4. In a carbonating apparatus, the combination with a receiver pivotted to swing
upwards and downwards and balancing devices therefor, of adjustable stops for
limiting the downward movement of the receiver and a pump for supplying liquid
to the receiver substantially as herein described.
5. In a carbonating apparatus the combination with a receiver pivotted to swing
upwards and downwards and balancing devices therefor, of adjustable stops for
limiting the falling movement of the receiver, spring cushions or buffers through
which the stops act upon the receiver and a pump for delivering liquid to the
pivotted receiver, substantially as herein described.
6. In a carbonating apparatus, the combination with a receiver and a pump for
delivering liquid and gas thereinto, of a discharge pipe for liquid and gas leading
from the pump to the receiver and a series of incorporators with which the dis-
charge pipe communicates and through which liquid and gas are passed successively
in their passage from the pump to the receiver substantially as herein described.
7. In a carbonating apparatus the combination with a receiver and a pump for
discharging liquid and gas thereinto, of a series of incorporator vessels F arranged
between the pump and receiver, and a passage and tubes whereby liquid, is dis-
charged upwards into the first incorporator vessel, thence from the bottom of that
vessel upwards into the second and so on throughout the series and finally
discharged from the bottom of the last vessel of the series into the receiver
substantially as herein described,

page_text: 8. In a carbonating apparatus, the combination with a receiver and a pump for
supplying liquid and gas thereinto, of a series of incorporator vessels F, an inter-
rupted discharge passage leading from the pump to the receiver, and communicating
with the bottom of each of the incorporator vessels, and a pipe leading from the
discharge passage upwards into each incorporator vessel, the passage and pipes
being of gradually decreasing size from the inlet to the outlet end of the series;
substantially as herein described.
9. In a carbonating apparatus, the combination with a receiver and pump barrel
having at its upper end a leather packing and a cup shaped gland for retaining
liquid to keep the packing moist, of a plunger closely fitting the pump barrel from
end to end and working through the packing and gland, and a valve box containing
suction and discharge valves and passages communicating with the lower end of
the pump barrel, substantially as herein described.
10. In a carbonating apparatus the combination of a receiver and a pump com-
prising a barrel and a plunger fitting the barrel from end to end for delivering
liquid and gas to the receiver, a valve box at the lower end of the pump barrel
containing an inlet or suction valve, and pipes for liquid and gas leading thereto,
and also containing a discharge valve and passage and a discharge pipe leading
from the discharge passage to the receiver, substantially as herein described.
11. In a carbonating apparatus, the combination with a receiver of an upright
pump barrel C having at its top a recessed enlargement C³, and a packing con-
tained therein, a cup-shaped gland C secured to the upper end of the pump
chamber, a valve box C containing suction and discharge valves and passages
arranged at the bottom of the pump barrel, and a plunger C snugly fitting the
interior of the pump barrel froin end to end and working through the packing and
gland substantially as herein described.
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