Improvements in Dynamo Electric Generators and. Motors.
Year: 1892

page_text: Date of Application, 9th Feb., 1892-Accepted, 19th Mar., 1892
COMI LINIE DIEUIFICATION.
Improvements in Dynamo Electric Generators and. Motors.
We, JOHN GEORGE POOL, Machinist, 17 Ward Street, New Haven, NICHOLAS
WILLIAM HUBINGER, and JOSEPH EDWARD HUBINGER, Manufacturers, both
of 11 Custom House Square, New Haven, all of Connecticut, United States of
America, do hereby declare the nature of this invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement :-
This invention relates to an improvement in closed circuit ring armatures for
multipolar dynamos and electrical motors. In ordinary multipolar dynamos
having ring armatures the wire is wound upon the body of the ring in a single
direction or continuous coil, which is divided into separate series of coils by the.
poles of the fields, said series being connected through the brushes in multiple arc.
As in the case of batteries in which the separate cells are connected in multiple
arc, the tension of the resulting current, or the electro-motive force is only that of
a single cell, so in the said ordinary system of ring armature winding in which the
several series of coils are connected in multiple arc, the electromotive force or
tension of the induced current is that of a single elementary series only, the total
number of coils affecting only the total quantity of current produced, but not
superadding the tension of the several elementary coils.
The object of this invention is to provide a ring armature having its con-
ductors joined in series connection throughout the respective halves of the circuit
of the armature, whereby the electro magnetic current induced will be intensified
or increased in electromotive force correspondingly with the number of elementary
coils in a half circuit of the armature, the tension of the coils being superadded and
a current of high electromotive force being induced, analogously to the accu-
mulation of tension in the current of a galvanic battery in which the individual
cells are joined in series instead of multiple arc.
The invention consists in a ring armature having its wire conductors joined in
an endless or closed circuit, the successive coils of which are alternated or wound
around the section of the ring in opposite directions and arranged at intervals or
radial spaces apart on the ring corresponding to the distances between neutral
points of adjacent poles of the field magnets, the corresponding coils of successive
cycles or sub series of conductors being wound in uniform precession or recession
covering a range or interval of two field spaces of opposite polarity, with com-
mutator connections corresponding to the said sub series, whereby the active wires
are extended in opposite directions under poles of opposite polarity and thereby
joined in series connection throughout the respective halves of the circuit, as
hereinafter more fully described and claimed.
In the accompanying drawings forming a part of this Specification
Figure 1 is a diagram representing a ring armature having a single cycle or
subseries of elementary coils wound upon it in series connection to form a half
circuit of conductors in accordance with the principles of this improved system of
winding ring armatures, the ring being shown in end elevation.
Figure 2 is a similar diagram representing the winding of the opposite half
circuit or complement of the half circuit of coils shown in Fig. 1.
Figure 3 is a diagram representing the respective halves of a circuit of coils as
shown in Figs. 1 and 2 combined to form a complete closed circuit of elementary
coils with opposite or positive and negative commutator connections for the inflow
and outflow of the electric current, said connections being adapted to join the
D...

page_text: pective naves of the circuit of CULIS
ordinary brushes.
pie are, bong
Figure 4 represents a portion of the periphery of the armature shown in Fig. 3,
as developed on a plane surface.
Figure 5 is an end view of a ring armature wound with a series of cycles of
elementary coils, on this improved system, as practically constructed for
operation.
Figure 6 is a plane developement of a portion of the periphery of the armature
shown in Fig. 5.
Figure 7 is a plane development of an armature showing a modification of the
method of connecting the coils.
Referring to the drawings, the peculiar manner of winding a ring armature in
this improved system is shown in Figures 1 to 4 inclusive, in which A represents
an annular or ring armature adapted to revolve with its shaft B in the fields of the
stationary electro magnets N and S, which letters respectively denote the north
and south poles of the magnetic system. It will be understood that any desired
number and form of magnets may be employed and that the armature ring may be
constructed in any well known manner, the invention relating wholly to the
arrangement of the conductors thereon or the armature winding.
The ring may be fastened to the shaft in any well known manner, and the shaft
may be journaled in the usual bearings, here requiring neither to be shown or
described.
In Fig. 1, C represents a wire, which, beginning at any of the commutator
segments D, is wound around the section of the armature ring A in one or more
turns, one being sufficient for purposes of explanation. Suitable pins e are
represented as retaining the wire in position as shown. A coil 1 being thus formed,
the wire is led along on the ring over a space corresponding to the distance between
the neutral points of the field magnets, and a coil 2 is there formed around the
section of the ring, but wound in the opposite direction. That is, if in the first
coil the wire is led from the holding pin inward in starting to wind, it will be led
outward in starting to wind the second coil, so that the direction in which the wire
runs along the periphery of the ring will be reversed in the said coils, as shown in
Fig. 4 and thus the currents induced therein by passing the said coils under
adjacent magnetic poles of opposite polarity will therefore be in the same direction
along the wire and consequently accumulative.
Proceeding over a farther interval corresponding to the space between adjacent
neutral points of the field, a third coil 3 is formed similar to the first, and successive
coils 4, 5 and 6 are formed in similar order which complete a single cycle or
sub series of coils, corresponding in number to the poles of the machine, all joined
in series connection the induced currents through the wire being all in the same
direction and therefore accumulative, for if the current is induced in a given
direction in the coils 1, 3, and 5 under the south poles of the field, it will be
induced in the same direction in the reversed coils 2, 4, and 6 under the opposite,
or north poles.
Commencing at a position on the armature in a point of equal intensity but of
opposite polarity from the first coil 1, that is near the position of one of the coils 2,
4 or 6, a second wire C¹ starting from the commutator is wound around the ring in
the same direction and similarly to the first coil 1, forming a coil 7, as shown in
Fig. 2. The wire is then led along the ring in the same direction in which it was
led in the first cycle of coils shown in Fig. 1, to a point distant from coil 7 equal
to the space between adjacent neutral lines of the field magnets, and a coil 8 is
there wound in the opposite direction from coil 7, and so successive coils are wound
alternately in opposite directions at corresponding distances apart, until a cycle of
coils 7 to 12 inclusive is formed equal in number and adjacent to the coils of the
first cycle, and connected in series, the last end of the wire of the last cycle being
connected to the first end of the wire of the first cycle and the last end of the wire
of the first cycle being connected to the first end of the wire of the last cycle, as

page_text: shown in Fig. 3. The two cycles of coils then form a complete closed circuit of
coils, the respective halves of which are the said opposite cycles, connected through
the brushes and commutators in multiple arc.
Although the second cycle is wound in the same direction as the first cycle,
adjacent coils of the respective cycles will be wound in opposite directions, as
shown by the arrows in Fig. 4, because the cycles are started in fields of opposite
polarity and therefore the induced current in the last cycle will be in the reverse
direction from the flow of the current in the first cycle, and a continuous current
will thus be maintained throughout the system, flowing inward through one of the
commutator connections and outward through the other, the brushes, as heretofore
stated, connecting the respective halves of the circuit.
A dynamo, having its conductors limited to two cycles or subscries only, would
be unserviceable, but to whatever extent the cycles are increased, the principle of
action remains the same. In the construction of a practical machine the method of
arranging the conductors of the armature is as follows, as shown in Fig. 5, in which
there are four cycles of coils represented. The coils 11 to 16 inclusive forming
the first cycle are arranged as set forth in the foregoing description relating to
Fig. 1, a commutator connection 10 being made at the first coil 11. A. similar
subseries of coils in continuous series connection with the first cycle is formed, the
coils of which 21 to 26 inclusive are placed in regular precession or recession from
the corresponding coils of the first cycle, with corresponding commutator con-
nections 20 adjacent the first commutator connection 10. In like manner successive
cycles of coils are wound, until the required number of cycles or subseries in a half
circuit are provided, two cycles only being here shown, to avoid complicity, but
whatever number of cycles are employed their corresponding coils will be equally
divided over a space or interval corresponding to the distance between adjacent
neutral points of the fields.
Then commencing in a space between adjacent neutral points, having opposite
polarity to the space in which the coils of the first half of the circuit are com-
menced, a similar series of cycles of coils are wound, comprising the coils 31 to 36,
and 41 to 46, inclusive, in Fig. 5, with corresponding commutator connections 30
and 40. The coils of the armature being wound they are connected together
preferably by outside connecting wires suitably joined to the coils and adapted to
connect them in the numerical order shown, coil 11 being connected to coil 12,
coil 12 to coil 13, etc. That is each coil is connected to other coils distant
therefrom equal to the interval between neutral points of the field, and when so
connected, each connecting wire i will cross over as many intermediate coils are
there are cycles or subseries in the circuit, minus one; thus in the figure, each
wire i skips three intermediate coils, and joins the first and fifth coils throughout
the circuit, in accordance with the principles defined in Figures 2 and 3, whereby
all the coils will be joined in a continuous closed circuit as shown. This mode of
connecting the coils brings all the connecting portions of the wire on the outside
of the coils, where they are readily accessible. The direction of the individual
current in cycles of coils 31 to 46, and commutator connections 30 and 40 will be
in the reverse direction from the current in the coils 11 to 26 and commutator
connections 10 and 20, and the brushes, as before explained will connect said
respective halves of the circuit in multiple arc, but all the coils in each half will
be connected in series and the electromotive force will be accumulative throughout
an entire half of the circuit of the armature, and will correspond in intensity to
the intensity of a single coil multiplied by all the coils in such half of
the circuit.
If desired, each alternate connections i may be placed on the opposite side of
the ring, and in such case the wires will be arranged in effect substantially as
shown in Fig. 7. It will be understood that the armature should be wound with
the coils compactly placed close together, as shown in Fig. 7, filling the armature,
and they will then require no pegs or grooves to keep them in place. It is
immaterial whether the coils are all placed side by side, or some overlapped upon

page_text: the others, as usual in winding ordinary armatures, if they are properly connected
in accordance with the principles hereinbefore set forth.
It is not necessary that the positive and negative commutator connections shall
be placed opposite each other, if they are only arranged in fields of opposite
polarity. Thus the connections 30 and 40 may be made at coils 33 and 43, or 33
and 45, or the connections 10 and 20 may be made at coils 13 and 23, or 15 and 25.
If connections 30 and 40 are placed at coils 33 and 43 the continuity of the first
and second halves of the winding will be more apparent, and it will be seen that
the last half of the circuit is simply the extension of the winding as commenced,
until in the precession or recession of the corresponding coils of the subseries or
cycles they are distributed over two adjacent spaces of the fields, the opposite
polarity of which divides the circuit into halves which are in fact connected through
the brushes in multiple arc.
The number of commutator bars in this construction will equal the number of
cycles or subseries of coils, multiplied by the number of magnetic fields. For
instance, in the illustration Fig. 5 in which there are six poles, the number of fields
is three, which, multiplied by the number of cycles, or four, equals twelve, the
number of commutator bars. In order to take off the current, two brushes ",
positive and negative, may be placed at opposite points on the commutator, the
commutator bars being suitably connected by cross wires t as shown in Fig. 5, in
which the first bar, commencing at any point in the commutator is connected with
the fifth and ninth bars, the second bar with the sixth and tenth bars, and so on
around the entire circle, each set of connected bars comprising as many equidistant
bars as there are magnetic fields. By this means connection will be made with
the brushes in each field, and the circuit kept intact throughout the entire
revolution.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what we
claim is:
:
1 The combination with an annular or ring armature of a series of conductors
or wire coils wound around the section of the ring and connected in endless or
closed circuit with the successive coils alternated or wound in opposite directions
and arranged at intervals or radial spaces apart on the ring corresponding to the
distances between neutral points of adjacent poles of the field magnets, the corre-
sponding coils of successive cycles or subseries of conductors being disposed in
uniform precession or recession, and commutator connections corresponding to the
cycles or subseries of conducting coils, -substantially as and for the purpose
specified.
2: The combination with an annular or ring armature core, of a series of con-
ductors or wire coils wound around the section of the ring and connected in endless
or closed circuit, with the successive coils alternated or wound in opposite directions
and arranged at intervals or radial spaces apart on the ring corresponding to the
distances between neutral points of adjacent poles of the field magnets, the corre-
sponding coils of successive cycles or subseries of conductors being disposed in
uniform precession or recession over a range corresponding to two field spaces of
opposite polarity, or the portions of the field included between three successive
neutral points of the field, and commutator connections corresponding to the cycles
or subseries of conducting coils, substantially as and for the purpose specified.
3: In a dynamo or motor, the combination of the brushes, the commutator
composed of separate bars or segments, corresponding in number to a multiple of
the number of magnetic poles of the fields, an annular or ring armature core, a
series of conductors or wire coils wound around the section of the ring, of double
the number of the commutator segments, connections joining the coils in each
cycle or subseries at intervals corresponding to the spaces between the neutral
points of the fields, the corresponding coils of successive cycles deing disposed in
uniform precession or recession, covering a range corresponding to two field spaces.

page_text: or the intervals between three successive neutral points of the field, the successive
coils throughout the circuit alternating or being wound in opposite directions, and
commutator connections corresponding to the said cycles or subseries of coils, and
embracing two field spaces of opposite polarity, substantially in the manner and for
the purpose specified.
4: In a dynamo or motor the combination of the brushes, the commutator bars,
connected substantially as described, and corresponding in number to a multiple of
the number of the poles in the fields and connected under, or to correspond to
similar poles of the field, an annular or ring armature core, a series of conductors
or wire coils wound around the section of the ring of double the number of the
commutator segments, the connections joining the coils in a closed circuit the
successive coils in which are alternated or wound in opposite directions and
arranged at intervals or radial distances apart on the ring corresponding to the
distances between neutral points of adjacent poles of the field magnet, the corre-
sponding coils of successive cycles or subscries being disposed in uniform precession
or recession, commutator connections corresponding in number and succession to
the said cycles or subseries of conductors, all arranged substantially in the manner
and for the purpose set forth.
Dated this 21st day of January 1892.
JOHN GEORGE POOL.
NICHOLAS WILLIAM HUBINGER.
JOSEPH EDWARD HUBINGER.