AN IMPROVED METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR RENDERING PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION R INVISIBLE THE EXHAUST STEAM OF LOCOMOTIVE AND OTHER ENGINES
Year: 1872

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Corry Fell, of St. John's Terrace, Regent's
Park, in the County of Middlesex, Mechanical Engineer, for the
Invention of "AN IMPROVED METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR RENDERING
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Corry Fell at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
22nd October 1872.
I, JOHN CORRY FELL, of St. John's Terrace, Regent's Park, in the
County of Middlesex, Mechanical Engineer, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED METHOD OF AND APPARATUS
FOR RENDERING INVISIBLE THE EXHAUST STEAM OF LOCOMOTIVE AND OTHER
ENGINES," to be as follows:-
:-
My said Invention relates to a novel method of preventing the visible
condensation of the steam issuing from the funnel of a railway

page_text: locomotive or other similar steam engine, and to apparatus for carrying
the same into effect in an advantageous manner. The condensation of
the steam as it issues from the funnel of a locomotive by contact with
the atmosphere causes the formation of a cloud of vapour more or less
dense, and which in tunnels, cuttings, and underground railways is a
very great annoyance to passengers, and is otherwise inconvenient and
objectionable. It is not practicable to apply to ordinary locomotives the
apparatus whereby in other engines the steam is condensed without
issuing into the atmosphere. And no covenient and inexpensive
appliances are known for effecting the condensation of the steam of a
locomotive engine without permitting it to escape into the atmosphere.
But I have devised means whereby the steam although permitted to
escape freely into the atmosphere is caused to disappear therein, and the
annoyance and inconvenience occasioned by its condensation as it issues
from the funnel aro entirely obviated.
My Invention consists in distributing or dividing the exhaust steam
and mixing the same with the heated gases produced in the furnace,
so that its heat and admixture with these gases will provent its
condensation until it has been dispersed in the atmosphere, and there-
fore the condensation takes place imperceptibly and without the
formation of a dense cloud or body of vapour immediately over the
engine.
For carrying my said Invention into practice in a locomotive engine
I use very simple apparatus which may be modified in several ways.
In one of its forms the said apparatus consists of a set of pipes or tubes
placed in the ash pan immediately under the grate bars. The said pipes
are connected with the exhaust pipes, and are provided with small
nozzles which project up between the grate bars. The exhaust steam
passes through the said pipes and nozzles into the fire-box where it is
mingled with the gascous products of combustion and carried therewith
through the chimney or funnel into the atmosphere. Or I may place
the said pipes in the fire-box just above the grate bars, the said pipes
being simply perforated to permit the exhaust steam to escape from
them in numerous small jets or streams.
In another modification of the said Inventiou, I place in the smoke-
hov vastinal nincs which un sannstad with the avhaust ninna
Wam

page_text: these vertical pipes horizontal tubes or nozzles extend into the boiler
tubes, and the steam is thereby mingled with the hot gases from the
fire-box and carried with them into the atmosphere. Or I may place a
perforated pipe or series of such pipes in the bottom of the smoke-box
and connect the same with the exhaust pipes, the steam escaping
through the perforations of these pipes will meet the hot gases issuing
from the boiler tubes and will be mingled with them and carried up
through the chimney.
In some cases it may be desirable that the steam should not come in
actual contact with the heated gases of the furnace or fire-box, I there-
fore place a coil or series of pipes in the fire-box or smoke-box, and
conduct the exhaust steam through the same to the chimney.
And I further modify my said Invention by providing a suitable
vessel or chamber into which I conduct the exhaust steam and the hot
gases of the furnace, the same being mixed therein, and thence con
ducted away through the chimney into the atmosphere.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said John Corry Fell in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 22nd April 1873.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS (SHALL COME, I, JOHN
CORRY FELL, of Saint John's Terrace, Regent's Park, in the County of
Middlesex, Mechanical Engineer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-second day of October, in
the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-two,
in the thirty-sixth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and
successors, give and grant unto me, the said John Corry Fell, Her
special license that I, the said John Corry Fell, my executors, adminis-
trators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said John Corry Fell,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make,.
use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain

page_text: and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention
for "AN IMPROVED METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR RENDERING INVISIBLE THE
EXHAUST STEAM OF LOCOMOTIVE AND OTHER ENGINES," upon the condition
(amongst others) that I, the said John Corry Fell, my executors or
administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one
of their hands and seals, should particularly describo and ascertain the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be
performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent
Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date
of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said John Corry Fell, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement, reference being had to the accompanying Drawings
forming a part of this Specification :-
My said Invention relates to a novel method of preventing the visible
condensation of the steam issuing from the funnel of a railway
locomotive or other similar steam engine, and to apparatus for carrying
the same into effect in an advantageous manner. The condensation of
the steam as it issues from the funnel of a locomotive by contact with
the atmosphere causes the formation of a cloud of vapour more or less
dense and which in tunnels, cuttings, and underground railways, is a
very great annoyance to passengers, and is otherwise inconvenient and
objectionable. It is not practicable to apply to ordinary locomotives the
apparatus whereby in other engines the steam is condensed without
issuing into the atmosphero. And no convenient and inexpensive
appliances are known for effecting the condcusation of the steam of a
locomotive engine without permitting it to escape into the atmosphere.
I have therefore devised means whereby the steam although permitted
to escape freely into the atmosphere is caused to disappear therein, and
the annoyance and inconvenience occasioned by its condensation as it
issues from the funnel are entirely obviated.
My Invention consists in distributing or dividing the exhaust steam
and mixing the same with the heated gases produced in the furnace, so
that its heat is too great to permit the condensation to take place until
it has been dispersed in the atmosphere, and therefore the condensation

page_text: DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Figure 1 is a plan of a locomotive fire-box and its adjacent parts,
illustrating one method of carrying my said Invention into practice;
Figure 2 is a vertical longitudinal section on the line x, x, Figure 1.
Figures 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, show fire-bars herein-after described.
Figure 10 is a plan, and Figure 11 a vertical longitudinal section of a
locomotive fire-box and adjacent part, illustrating a modification of
the apparatus shewn in Figures 1 and 2.
Figure 12 is a plan, and Figure 13 a vertical transverse section
illustrating the application of my said Invention to the smoke-box of a
locomotive.
Like letters indicate the same parts throughout the Drawings.
In Figures 1 and 2 a is the fire-box, and 6 the ash pan. In this
arrangement of my Invention the steam is admitted and distributed in
the fire-box by the fire-bars c which are made hollow for this purpose.
The exhaust steam is conducted from the cylinders by the pipe d into
the feed water tanks e, and passes through the water in the said tanks
and through the pipes f to the fire-bars g. These fire-bars have
flanges g' to which the said pipes are secured. The fire-bars g and the
other fire-bars c have hollow heads i, as shown in Figures 3, 5, and 7,
so that a passage for the steam is formed through and into all of the
bars. These bars c have perforations ; through which the steam issues
into the spaces between the bars, whence it is carried by the draught
into the fire and is there mingled with the hot gases with which it
is carried through the chimney and dispersed in the surrounding
atmosphere. I prefer to use the bar shewn in Figure 6, but that
shewn in Figure 4 is cheaper to manufacture; or I may use bars open
or perforated on the top, so that the steam will issue therefrom
directly into the fire.

page_text: Instead of utilizing the firc-bars for distributing the steam I may
have pipes or tubes placed in the ash pan immediately under the said
bars. These pipes must be connected with the exhaust pipes and are to
be provided with small nozzles which project up between the fire-bars.
The exhaust steam passes through the said pipes and nozzles into the
fire-box, where it is mingled with the gaseous products of com-
bustion, and carried therewith through the chimney or funnel into
the atmosphero. Or I may place the said pipes in the fire-box just
above the grate bars, the said pipes being simply perforated to permit
the exhaust steam to escape from them in numerous small jets or
streams.
In the modification of my Invention illustrated in Figures 10 and 11,
k is a perforated pipe extending across the top of the fire-box, the
exhaust steam is conducted from the cylinders by the pipe d into this
perforated pipe and issues through the perforations thereof into the fire.
From the main exhaust pipe & I 'extend a branch pipo d' into the feed
water tank to heat the water therein. This pipo has a throttle valve a
from which a rod d extends to the foot plate, so that the said valve can
be controlled by the driver.
In the apparatus illustrated in Figures 12 and 13, 1, 1, are the 1
exhaust pipes which extend down to the bottom of the smoke box,
their ends being closed by blank flanges . These pipes have short
lateral pipes m extending toward the tube plate n, and I connect these
short pipes with the tubes o which form part of the set of draught
tubes of the boiler, but which are thus made to form part of my
apparatus. The exhaust steam is conducted from the cylinder through
these pipes and tubes into the fire-box, and escapes thence with the
heated products of combustion. In this arrangement I also employ
the auxillary pipe and throttle valve for heating the feed water, as
above described. Or I may place a perforated pipe or series of such
pipes in the bottom of the smoke-box, and connect the same with the
exhaust pipes; the steam escaping through the perforation of these
pipes will meet the hot gases issuing from the boiler tubes, and will
be mingled with them and carried up through the chimney.
The ordinary exhaust pipes of the locomotive may be retained if :
desired, and valves may be provided if not already existing on the

page_text: locomotive, whereby the driver will have the option of using my
apparatus or of permitting the steam to escape in the ordinary way.
In some cases it may be desirable that the steam should not come
in actual contact with the heated gases of the furnace or fire-box.
For this purpose I place a coil or series of pipes in the fire-box or
smoke-box, and conduct the exhaust steam through the same to the
chimney.
And I further modify my said Invention by providing a suitable
vessel or chamber into which I conduct the exhaust steam and the hot
gases of the furnace, the same being mixed therein, and then conducted
away through the chimney into the atmosphere.
Having thus fully described my said Invention and shewn how the
same may be conveniently and advantageously carried into effect, I
wish it understood that although the various forms or arrange-
ments of apparatus herein described have been especially devised for
the purpose of my Invention, and are those which I prefer to adopt,
yet I do not limit myself thereto, but may otherwise modify the said
apparatus if necessary or desirable, without departing from the principle
of my Invention; and I claim,―
First. Heating the exhaust steam of locomotive or other engines and
mixing it with the products of combustion before permitting it to escapo
into the atmosphere, for the purpose specified.
Second. Heating the exhaust steam before permitting it to escape
without allowing it to mix with the products of combustion, for the
purpose specified.
Third. The apparatus for heating the exhaust steam consisting of
hollow perforated fire-bars or perforated pipes in or under the fire-
box, connected with the cylinder and arranged to permit the steam
to issue from them in such a manner that it will be carried into
the fire mixed with the products of combustion, and pass therewith.
through the chimney, as herein set forth, and for the purpose
specified.
Fourth. The apparatus consisting of pipes in the smoke-box con-
nected with the cylinders, and with some of the tubes of the boiler,
so that the exhaust steam is conducted through the said pipes and

page_text: tubes into the fire and there mingled with the products of combustion
before passing into the atmosphere, as hercin set forth, and for the
purpose specified.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Corry Fell, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Twenty-second day of April, in the
year of our Lord One thousand cight hundred and seventy-
three.
Witness,
WILLIAM RODT. LAKE,
8, Southampton Buildings,
London.
JOHN CORRY FELL. (L.S.)