Improvements in Rubber Tyres for Bicycles and Tricycles and other Vehicles.
Year: 1890

page_text: Date of Application, 20th June, 1890
Complete Specification Left, 28th Oct., 1890-Accepted, 29th Nov., 1890
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Rubber Tyres for Bicycles and Tricycles and
other Vehicles.
I, HENRY BIRCHALL CLAYSON of 40 Rockmount Road Central Hill, Upper
Norwood in the County of Surrey Commercial Traveller do hereby declare the
nature of this invention to be as follows:-
This invention relates to an anti-vibration tyre for the wheels of cycles and other
vehicles. For the purpose of my invention I use rubber tubing, or sheet rubber of
necessary width and section and sufficiently long to go round the fellue of the wheel,
but for preference I use india rubber tubing, inside of which I place two rings or
hoops of metal or other resilient material, these hoops are of different diameters, the
outer one being slightly greater than the diameter of the rubber tyre, when placed
upon the wheel.
When the inner ring or hoop of metal is secured to the felloe of
the wheel, the outer rim being of larger diameter than the rubber tube tyre will
admit of occasions the stretching of the tyre in the direction of the diametrical
centre of the wheel. This stretching will thus cause the section of the rubber tyre
taken upon the line of the diametrical centre of the wheel to be no longer circular in
section but more of an elliptical shape the outer faces of which are maintained apart
through the agency of the different diameters of the two rings or hoops within the
said hollow tube tyre. In practice I propose to make my tyre as follows. I take a
sufficient length of rubber tube of required section and insert within it the outer rim
or hoop the ends of which 1 braze together. I now place the inner rim within the
tube and I may do this either in one piece or in sections. When both rims are fully
inserted I cement together the rubber tube thus forming a complete tyre. I now put
the tyre upon the felloe of the wheel and draw down and secure the inner rim of the
tyre to the felloe of such wheel by means of screws, clamps, or any other suitable
method, which will firmly secure the inner rim within the tube to the felloe of the
wheel. The aforementioned inner rim and inside of rubber tyre having been
previously prepared for such screwing and clamping here referred to. In order to
better secure the tyre to the felloe of the wheel, I draw one portion of the inner rim
down at a time little by little all round the circumference of the wheel, by this means
the tyre is better adjusted and secured than by fully tightening each portion of the
inner rim at once.
When the inner rim is in sections, it is not necessary that each section butt exactly
against its neighbour.
There may be a short space left between each section, and each of these sections will
be individually secured to the felloe of the wheel.
When I use flat sheet rubber for the purpose of my improved tyre I make a lap
joint throughout the entire length of same and cement together with a suitable
cement and solution. I may find it desirable to cement my improved rubber tyre,
onto the felloe of the wheel. I propose to form the rims or boops within the tube of
steel or such like material but I may also use vulcanite fibre or inaterial of a similar
nature. I may also if I think necessary support or suspend the outer rim within the
tube from the inner rim by means of small spiral springs or india rubber bands. It
will be understood that when my improved tyre is fitted upon the wheel, the wheel is
actually suspended within the rubber tyre, which in its turn is supported by the outer
part or rim contained within itself, and when this wheel meets with any obstruction
or inequality of surface the shock will be absorbed by the resiliency and stretch
or contraction of the rubber tyre, and the vibration will be thus reduced to a
ninimum.

page_text: As my improvements are capable of some modifications without departing from the
principle thereof, I do not restrict myself to materials or dimensions, or to the precise
form or placement of the various parts thereof.
Dated this 20th day of June: 1890.
RAYNER & CASSELL,
37, Chancery Lane, London, W.C., Agents for the Applicant.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Rubber Tyres for Bicycles and Tricycles and
other Vehicles.
I, HENRY BIRCHALL CLAYSON of 10 Rockmount Road Central Hill Upper
Norwood, in the County of Surrey Commercial Traveller, do hereby declare the
nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
This invention relates to improvements in rubber tyres for the wheels of velocipedes
and other vehicles, and has for its object to provide an anti-vibration tyre to secure
easy riding upon the vehicle.
In carrying my invention into practice, I insert within an india rubber tube of
suitable diameter, and having a circular cross section, which is thicker at its outer
than at its inner periphery, a hoop, which in section is a flat or curved bar, and the
length of this flat or curved bar of which the hoop is formed is somewhat greater than
that of the tube in which it is enclosed.
This hoop bears against what is intended to be the outer or wearing part of the
tyre. I now divide the inner part of the tube into a number of equal divisions in
the centre of each of which I form a hole, and I successively insert within the rubber
tube and against its inner perforated part a number of segmental pieces formed by
cutting a hoop into a number of equal parts. These segments each of which has a
centrally tapped perforation, are manipulated in position within the rubber tube and
against its inner side until these perforations coincide with those formed in the india
rubber tube, and I then insert through the last named perforations one end of a stud
screw threaded at both ends, which end is then screwed in the tapped perforations of
the segment. The ends of the segments are not necessarily in contact, but only in
close proximity to one another.
The ends of the outer hoop are now brazed together, and the tyre in this state is
placed upon the felloe or rim of the wheel, the studs or bolts before referred to pro-
jecting out all around the inside periphery of the tyre. As the extended length of
the flat, or outer hoop is greater than the length of the tube tyre, the outer periphery
of the rubber tube will be stretched outwardly when the hoop ends are fastened
together, and when the inside periphery of the tube tyre is secured to the rim of the
wheel, the cross section of the tyre will assume the shape somewhat of an ellipse.
The free ends of the studs are passed through corresponding holes formed in the
wheel tyre or felloe, and suitable screw nuts fitted to each stud. 1 then tighten up
each segment, a little at a time, all round the wheel, until all are drawn down
sufficiently tight to ensure a good fixing of the tyre and sufficient stretching in
section of the rubber tube.
The metal hoop bearing against the outer part of the rubber tube may have its
outer edges rounded, and it may be further covered with india rubber or the like, or
provided with a suitable composition enabling it to bear more equally against interior
of rubber tube while this part of the rubber tube against which it bears may likewise
be lined with canvas.
And in order that my invention may be more fully understood, I have shewn the
same in the accompanying drawings in which
Fig. 1 is a cross section of the india rubber tube.

page_text: Fig. 2 is a similar cross section showing the outer hoop, and the inner segments in
position.
Fig. 3 is a cross section of the complete tyre secured to the felloe of a cycle
wheel.
Fig. 4 is a longitudinal section of a portion of the wheel furnished with my
improved tyre.
Fig. 5 is a side view of one of the segments, Fig. 6 a plan and Fig. 7 a cross
section of the same.
Fig. 8 is a side view and Fig. 9 a plan of a modification of the segments.
Fig. 10 shews outer hoop curved in section.
A is the india rubber tube, having the sectional shape shown in Fig. 1 and B is the
flat or curved in section metal hoop inserted against the outer or wearing part of the
said tube. SS.. are the segments furnished with tapped perforations o o.
The india rubber tube A is furnished with corresponding perforations pp.
ii.
are the studs screw threaded at both ends and n n
are the nuts.
As shown in Fig. 3 the expansion of the hoop B on the one side, and the fixing of
the curved segments S to the felloe F by means of the studs ii. . and of the
impart an elliptical shape in section to the tyre when complete and
nuts nn....
fixed in position.
The felloe F is likewise perforated at dd to allow for the passage of the free
ends of the studs. Fig. 2 illustrates the insertion of the hoop Band of the segments S
in the india rubber tube A. The said hoop B may be curved, and its ends brazed
together being afterwards passed over the felloe F of the wheel as before stated, or its
ends may be brazed while on the said felloe of the wheel. Fig. 4 shows the general
construction of the tyre and requires no description. The spokes ... are
inserted midway between the nuts n n
The ends of the segments do not come into contact there being small
intervals e e...
left between them, the whole of the segments thus forming a
broken hoop. The ends of these segments may be again secured to outer rim of
wheel if required by small bolts or studs.
ff
Figs. 8 and 9 sbow a different form of segments which instead of having straight
ends have corresponding rebated ends.
the rebated portion
of one end being capable of fitting over the rebated portion of the adjoining
end. These corresponding ends do not fit closely there being likewise a small
interval left between them as in the arrangement above described.
The segments are inserted in the tube A in the same manner as shown in Fig. 4.
The studs are provided in this case with a small shoulder m bearing against the
segments. I intend to make the outer hoop before referred to of steel, or such like
material, but I may also use vulcanite fibre, or cane, or such like resilient material.
The inner segments will be of iron or steel or such like material.
It will be easily understood that my improved tyre as constructed will absorb
within itself the jars and vibration, caused by a rough road, as the wheel upon which
the rider sits, is in fact suspended with the outer hoop through the medium of the
rubber tube. My tyre is readily removed from the rim of the wheel at any part, on
account of the segmental portions of the tightening arrangements so that should a
spoke of the wheel be broken the same can be easily replaced without the aid of
skilled workmen. By means of the arrangements before set forth of fixing my tyre
on to the rim of the wheel by studs or bolts, and segmental portions of a hoop,
I can dispense entirely with any cement to fix my tyre on to the said rim though
if I desire, I may still use such cementing as an additional fixing.
When the circle of my tyre is complete and before it is drawn down to the felloe
of the wheel, I may if I think well secure together by a solution or cement the
abutting edges of the india rubber tube, but this I have found is not at all essential to
my invention as the rubber portion is secured in proper position by means of the
studs or bolts holding on the whole tyre. .

page_text: Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what 1
claim is.
(1) An india rubber tyre formed of an india rubber tube in which are successively
inserted, a hoop of flat or curved section, bearing against the outer or wearing part of
the said tube and a series of centrally perforated segments, resting against the inner
part of the tube, the said segments being fixed to the tube and to the felloe of tho
wheel upon which the latter is subsequently applied by means of studs, screw threaded
at both ends, and fixed at their inner ends in the tapped perforations of the segments,
inside the rubber tube, while their other ends pass through corresponding perforations
of the felloe, and are secured thereto by nuts substantially as and for the purpose
described and shown in the accompanying drawings.
(2) An india rubber tyre constructed and fixed in position upon the felloe of a
wheel in the manner substantially as above described and shown, whereby the
sectional shape of such tyre is made to assume a more or less elongated elliptical
shape.
Dated this 28th day of Untabu 1800
RAYNER & CASSELL,
37, Chancery Lane, London, W.C., Agents for the Applicant.