Improvements in and relating to Tyres for Velocipedes and other Vehicles.
Year: 1893

page_text: Date of Application, 27th June, 1893
Complete Specification Left, 27th Mar., 1894-Accepted, 27th June, 1894
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and relating to Tyres for Velocipedes and other
Vehicles.
We, ENOCH ARMITAGE, of 37 Scholar Street off Smithdown Road, Liverpool
in the County of Lancaster, Mechanist, and EDWARD GREATBATCH WOOD of
298 Upper Parliament Street, Liverpool, aforesaid, Engineer do hereby declare
the nature of this invention to be as follows :-
The object of my invention is to obtain a strong, light, flexible, hollow, and
uninflated tire for velocipedes, and other vehicles, that will not be effected by
puncture, and all unsteadiness or buckling prevented. I now proceed to describe
the nature and manner of my invention. I use as a foundation for a
tyre strips of canvas or other suitable material so worked up as to meet the
circumference and curvatures of the outer circle, I then place in position
(preferably) strips of fine and highly tem pered steel between the canvas at suitable
distances and so secure them in position by suitable means.
The bands are then bent round in a circular or tubular form and so fastened by
clips, rivets, or their equivalents, I then form the foundation of the inner circle
with same material, also worked up to meet the circumference and curvatures of
the same, which are tightly secured on each side to each other. I then use a
solution to prevent the metal from rust, after which they are then bound diagonally
round with strong tape or other suitable material, and then again coated with an
adhesive solution and afterwards bound in an opposite direction.
Then to form the outer covering I (preferably) use pure rubber of a suitable
thickness and length, and about one inch wide so as to cover the whole tire
without joints in a diagonal form so as to better grip the road when in motion.
When extra weight has to be provided for in addition to using stronger material
I also place over the joints of the canvas forming the foundation a metal ring on
each side of the tire laid flatwise, or to check any undue compression, a rest or
cushion on the inside of the inner circle.
ENOCH ARMITAGE.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and relating to Tyres for Velocipedes and other
Vehicles.
We, ENOCH ARMITAGE of 37, Scholar Street, Liverpool, in the County of
Lancaster, Machinist, and EDWARD GREATBATCH Wood of 298 Upper
Parliament Street, Liverpool, aforesaid, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of
this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
The object of this invention is to produce a strong light, flexible and uninflated
tyre for velocipedes and other vehicles and such as will not be injuriously affected
by puncture, and in order that the invention may be fully understood I will now
describe with reference to the accompanying illustrative drawings the best way
known to me of carrying it into practical effect.
In the said drawings:
Fig. 1. shows partly in side elevation and partly in longitudinal section, a portion
of a tyre constructed according to this invention.
Fig. 2. is a cross section thereof on the line 6. 7. of Fig. 1.
Fig. 3. shows one of the steel hoops hereinafter referred to.

page_text: The improved tyre comprises an outer casing or cover A and a core or foundation
consisting of a number of metal hoops B in each of which is securely fitted a rest
or cushion C. of material such as cork, the rings with the rests or cushions being
cemented in place between an outer strip D. of material such as canvas so bent,
stretched or worked up as to correspond to the outer circumference and curvature
of the annular row of hoops B. and an inner strip D' of material such as canvas so
bent or worked up as to correspond to the inner periphery of the annular row of
hoops the adjacent edges of the two bent strips of canvas being tightly secured
together in any convenient manner along two circular lines arranged at opposite
sides of the foundation or core and the whole after being covered with adhesive
material such as dissolved rubber bound round with suitable material such as linen
tape E. wound in a diagonal manner around the core, this binding when complete
being coated with adhesive material and then bound with another length of tape
wound on in the opposite direction. The hoops B. which may be coated with a
solution of suitable material such as india rubber to protect them against oxidation
are each formed of a strip of fine and highly tempered steel bent to a circular or
tubular form to suit the periphery of the wheel rim to which it is to be applied, and
having its ends secured together by clips, rivets or equivalent fastening devices. In
order to render the hoops elastic it is advantageous to make the tread portion B¹
thereof of greater diameter than the remaining portion so as to leave a space B³
between the same and the periphery of the rest or cushion C. in proximity thereto.
To prevent the hoops and the rests or cushions, which may be of one uniform
cross section throughout, from spreading or widening out when unduly strained, a
steel hoop F. may be placed on each side of the tyre and about central with the
middle of the core and either inside or outside of which the narrow tapes E. of
canvas are wound diagonally and in opposite directions as herein before explained.
In this way the rests or cushions and hoops are firmly bound together and allow
only of spring on the tread and adjacent side portions of the tyre when secured to
the wheel im.
It is found in practice that instead of strengthening the hoops and rests or
supports by the before mentioned rings, it is preferable to strengthen each of the
hoops by a metal or canvas ring or band F₁ arranged diametrically around the
hoop as shown in Figs. 4 and 5. When filing my Provisional Specification 1
contemplated using the hoops B. in some cases without the rests or cushions C. but
I have found by experience that it is necessary in all cases to use the rests or
cushions to obtain a satisfactory result. For the sake of lightness the intermediate
portions G. of the rests or cushions C. may be smaller than the portions surrounded
by the hoop B. and be cemented together at their ends to form a ring encircling
the wheel rim, or separate distance pieces cemented in place may be used for this
purpose.
To render the tyre easily detachable it may be tightly secured upon a wheel rim
by a wire H. arranged to extend through the rests or cushions and distance
pieces and having its ends H¹ formed with right and left handed screw threads
adapted to be drawn together by a nut J. that is formed with corresponding screw
threads and is secured to a distance piece J' that is capable of being rotated through
a suitably arranged opening in the tyre and wheel rim, but it is to be understood
that this mode of securing the tyre upon the wheel rim is not herein claimed as
constituting part of the present invention as I contemplate obtaining other
Letters Patent in respect of the same.
Figs. 4 and 5 are similar views to Figs. 1 and 2 respectively illustrating a
slightly modified construction in which the inner and outer strips D. of canvas and
double windings of tape E. used in the herein previously described construction
are replaced by a single outer tightly stretched strip of material such as canvas K.
which is preferably soft felted on its inner side and covered with a layer
of india rubber on its outer side and is arranged to extend rather more than
half way round each of the hoops to which it is firmly cemented, and the rests
or cushions C. are formed with holes C³ to impart greater elasticity to them.

page_text: The ordinary outer case or cover A of the tyre may be secured to the tyre or
around the tyre and to the wheel rim, in any ordinary or well known manner.
When tyres according to this invention are intended for cabs and the like, the
steel hoops are made stronger and are placed more closely together than when used
for cycles and the rests or supports C. may then be of wood or rubber.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. An elastic tyre having a foundation or core composed of steel hoops placed at
short distances apart and provided internally with rests or cushions of material such
as cork or wood substantially as herein described.
2. An elastic tyre having a core or foundation comprising steel hoops placed at
short distances apart and provided internally with rests or cushions, the said hoops
with rests or cushions being enclosed in circular strips of material such as canvas
that are bound with material such as tape wound diagonally around the same
substantially as herein described.
3. The improved flexible tyre for velocipedes and other vehicles constructed
substantially as hereinbefore described and illustrated with reference to and shown
in Figs. 1. 2. and 3 or modified according to Figs. 4 & 5 of the drawings annexed
for the purpose specified but excluding the tightening wire.
Dated this 27th day of March 1891.
For the Applicants,
W. LLOYD WISE,
46, Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, W.C., Chartered Patent Agent.