IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR TENNONING, MORTISING, SLOTTING, CUTTING, OR SHAPING WOOD OR METAL"
Year: 1854

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Blackett. Haigh, of Oldham, in the County of
: Lancaster, Machine Maker, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR TENNONING, MORTISING, SLOTTING, CUTTING, OR
SHAPING WOOD OR METAL"
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Blackett Haigh
at the Office of the Commissioners' of Patents, with his Petition, on the
18th January 1854.
I, WILLIAM BLACKETT HAIGH, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR TENNONING,
MORTISING, SLOTTING, CUTTING, OR SHAPING "WOOD OR METAL," to be as
follows:
I construct a framework of wood or metal of sufficient strength for the
quality of work for which it is intended. In the top part of the frame I make
a vertical slot in which the tool carrier slides, giving it an up and down motion,
and also, for the purpose of opening or contracting the space required for the
introduction of the various sizes of material to be operated upón. The said
material being placed on the rest, as shewn in the accompanying outline

page_text: Drawing, the tool is pressed down to cut or shape the material as required by
placing the foot upon the treddle, and is regulated by the rack and pinion, as
shewn also on the Drawing; and on the said pinion I fix a spring to make the
reaction of the tool self-acting, in order to save time and labour. This my
improved machine or apparatus will be clearly understood by reference to the
accompanying Drawings, but although I have shewn thereon the machine
worked by a foot treddle, I shall work it by power when the strength of the
material requires it, and when it will be more economical.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said William Blackett Haigh in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 17th July 1854.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
BLACKETT HAIGH, of Oldham, in the County of Lancaster, Machine Maker,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Royal
Letters Patent, bearing date the Eighteenth day of January, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-four, in the seventeenth year of
Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said William Blackett Haigh, Her special licence that I, the said William
Blackett Haigh, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I,
the said William Blackett Haigh, my executors, administrators, and assigns,
should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all
times thereafter, during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully, might
make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention ; for "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR TENONING, MORTISING, SLOTTING,
CUTTING, OR SHAPING WOOD OR METAL" upon the condition (amongst others)
that I, the said William Blackett Haigh, by an instrument in writing under
my hand and seal, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature
of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed,
and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Royal Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said William Blackett Haigh, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in wnat manner the same is

page_text: to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement (that is to say):-
I construct a frame work of wood or metal of sufficient strength for the
quality of work for which it is intended. In the top part of the frame I make
a vertical slot in which the tool carrier slides, and I give it an up and down
motion as well as a cross motion, for the purpose of opening or contracting
the space requisite for the introduction of the various sizes of material to be
operated upon. The material is placed on a rest, and the tool pressed down
by placing the foot-upon-a treddle or other convenient power to cut or shape
it as required. The action of the tool is regulated by a rack and pinion, and
on the said pinion I fix a spring, to make the reaction of the tool self-acting.
These improvements will be clearly understood by reference to the accom-
panying Sheet of Drawings, in which the same letters of reference are used to
represent the same parts in all the Figures. Fig. 1 is a side elevation of my
said improved machine; Fig. 2, a front view of the same; Fig. 3, a plan
thereof; and Figs. 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, and 9, are detached views of the cutters or
chisels on an enlarged scale. a represents the standards or supports forming:
the framework upon which is placed the table 6, furnished with vees on each
side as shewn at c, upon which the carriage d slides, with its slotted upright
frames e. To the table b is fixed the upright frame f, having a support at g.
The slide works, truly and freely on the frame f, and has connected with it
the blocks which are fastened to each other at any required height by.
means of the eccentric or cam, shewn by the dotted lines at k. At the front of
the block there is a hole, in which the bush 7 can turn. I make the hole in
the, bush taper, into which is fitted the rod m, forming the upper part of the
cutter frame n, to which the chisels or cutters for tenoning are fixed. The
cutter frame n is; alsó furnished with the projections. ò on each side, which
work; in the frames p, placed at any required height and kept fast to the table'
by, the wedges q: Motion can be given to the cutters either by the foot,
through the medium of the treddle lever, which is supported on its fulcrum s,
or by the crank t and connecting rod. u. When the treddle is used, the
return or upright stroke is produced by the coiled spring v, in the boss of the
toothed wheel w, causing the latter to act upon a rack connected to or forming
part of the slide h... To each of the upright frames e is attached the guide
frame a, in which the slide y can move. To this slide the work to be tenoned
or mortised is attached by means of the clamps, employing, when tenoning,
thickening blocks, which have pins to fit holes in the slide y.
When mortising,
the cutter frame is taken out of the block i, and a mortising chisel is subj-

page_text: r
stituted.. The face or cutting edge of the chisel is alternately reversed; by the
handle a', having a pin 6', which is kept.in its place by one of the springs c',
which first gives way to allow the pin to pass over it, and then rises to detain
it. The carriage dis moved forwards or backwards, according to the thickness
of the material to be acted upon, by means of the screw, d' and handle;e. The
work is advanced towards the cutters, whether for tenoning or, mortising, by
means of the handle f, on the shaft of which is a worm.q, working into
the worm wheel h', having on its shaft k, the toothed-wheel ',,working into
the rack m'; at the back of the slide y. the shaft has a groove to allow the
feather or key in the toothed wheel to slide, so that the wheel. and slide
ม
can be raised or lowered to any required height. The material to, be tenoned
is shewn at a², kept fast by the clamps, to the slide y. The driving pulley.
is shewn at b². At Fig. 4, is shewn a chisel for mortising At Fig. 5, is a
section of another chisel having two sides and a back; as shewn in the cross
section, Fig. 8; it can also be made, with one side, as shewn in Fig. 9. These
cross sections are at the line A, B, Fig. 5. At Figs. 6 and 7'are shewn the
chisels or cutters for tenoning; the screws are for the purpose of changing
at pleasure the width between the cutters. The cam o is for the purpose of
graduating, the depth of cut; but is only used when mortising by power for tlie
purpose of gradually lowering the crank t, and shaft.pl, to which it is attached.
The shaft turns in a bearing on the lever q', which has at one end the fulcrum
r, and at the other the pin s¹, working in the groove.of the cam o'. When the
pin sis at its highest position, the stroke of..the cutter or chisel is shortest,
the length of the stroke: encreasing: as the lever descends, and with it'the
shaft p¹, and crank t. The ratchet wheel and catch, on the top of the
cam o¹, is to prevent the motion of the latter. during the process of cutting.
The required motion is obtained by:the eccentric. having at its end á catch
which acts upon a tooth of the half wheel at the bottom of the cam o¹
To prevent any sudden descent' of the lever'q', it has the pin a², supported by
the notched lever y¹; when the 'eccentric is not acting upon the half wheel-v¹;
or upon the pin 2. When commencing a fresh operation the lever is lifted
to the top of the cam o', by turning the latter half way round in the same
direction, by means of the wheel...
Having thus fully described the nature and particulars of my said Invention,
I desire it to be distinctly understood that I do not confine myself to the exact
details thereof, as such may be varied or modified without departing from the
principle of the same. But I claim; the construction and general arrangement
of the machinery or apparatus for tenoning, mortising, slotting, cutting, or

page_text: shaping wood or metal as herein described, and illustrated in the accompanying
Sheet of Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Blackett Haigh, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Fifteenth day of July, One thousand eight
hundred and fifty-four.
WILLIAM BLACKETT HAIGH. (L.S.)
Signed, sealed, and delivered by the within-
named William Blackett Haigh, in the
-_ presence of __
E. J. HUGHES,
Patent Agent,
Manchester.