Improvements in and relating to Domestic Ovens.
Year: 1893

page_text: .
Date of Application, 20th Jan., 1893
Complete Specification Left, 19th Oct., 1893-Accepted, 25th Nov., 1893
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and relating to Domestic Ovens.
We, WILLIAM BARRACLOUGH, Ironfounder, and ALBERT RHODES, Engineer,
both of Providence Foundry, Stanningley, in the County of York, do hereby declare
the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
This invention relates to domestic ovens, chiefly those connected with coal fire
cooking apparatuses, and has for its objects:
-:
1st. To adapt them for being thoroughly heated in every part;
2nd. To effect the complete combustion of the smoke which passes through their
flues;
3rd. To economise the amount of fuel required for heating them.
The cooking ranges to which our invention is applicable contain one or more
ovens, placed either on one level ouly or at various elevations; sometimes, having
one placed on the top of another; others having one or more ovens placed lower
than the fire bottom grate and one or more above its level.
The devices which constitute our invention are capable of being applied to ranges
which have a single oven only to each apparatus or those which have numerous
ovens variously combined therewith.
The following description relates more particularly, by way of an illustration, to
a cooking apparatus having a high oven on one side of the fire grate and a low oven
on the opposite side of it constructed and fitted together in accordance with our
invention.
The bottom of the high oven in the said range occupies a plane above the level
of the fire bottom grate similarly to that of a "Yorkshire "Newcastle" range
and the flues around it are constructed thus:-
"
ог
The whole surface of the oven, except the door is covered by flues. The top of
it is covered by two distinct flues and the side which is nearest to the fire is also
covered by two distinct flues, the two latter ones communicating, as hereafter
described, with the two previously named. The under side of the oven, the back
of it, and the side which is farthest removed from the fire are each covered by a
single flue; all three of the last named flues communicating with each other and
one of them with one of those upon the oven top.
One of the two flues, before named which is formed upon the oven top is the
outlet or exhaust flue.
The circulation of the heat throughout the series of flues is as follows:-
After entering the flue beneath the oven, the heat proceeds into the back as well
as the distant side flues, passing from one into the other at the upper-part where
the two currents unite and flow into one of the oven top flues, from thence
proceeding into and down the flue near to or adjoining the fire, thence through a
side port at the lower part into the adjoining flue, up which it ascends and passes
thence into the final or outlet oven flue upon the top before escaping into the
chimney.
If a hot closet is fitted on the top of the aforesaid high oven the outlet flue into
the chimney is not put upon the high oven but upon the said hot closet.
From the construction of flues thus described the course pursued by the hot air
current around the oven is seen to be a closely enveloping one, the tendency of
which is to cling to the surface of the oven until it reaches the final outlet. The
hot air current has no tendency, when the flues are constructed as herein described,
to leave the face of the oven and cling to the flue walls; its tendency from entrance
to exit, may be described as centripetal rather than centrifugal.
The walls of the two aforesaid oven side flues, adjoining the fire, become very

page_text: hot and exert a regenerating influence upon the partially spent current passing
through the said flues to the outlet: the said walls being protected, externally,
from the fierce action of the fire by means of a saddle piece; the saddle piece being
sometimes made of iron and at others of brick or baked clay; sometiches solid and
at others tubular or furnished with one or more cavities for conveying hot air into
the oven flues to assist in the combustion of smoke.
The bottom of the low oven in the apparatus which we are now describing
occupies a plane below the level of the fire bottom grate similarly to that of a
Leamington" range, and the flues which cover its five sides, (the door occupying
the sixth) are constructed thus:-
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That portion of the oven side which adjoins the fire is usually covered by a fire
brick or metal saddle, sometimes solid, sometimes formed with or against a hot air-
cavity for regenerative purposes, and the remaining portion of that side is enclosed
within a flue having contact at several parts with the fire for regenerative purposes.
The back of the oven is enclosed within two flues, one being for an ascending
current for exhaust or outlet purposes and the other a descending one.
The top,
back, and bottom flues of the oven are open to the side which is farthest from the
fire and the heat which ascends from the fire proceeds first to the top of the oven
and then down the back and farthest sides of it, uniting again beneath the oven
from which flue it enters the regenerative one adjoining the fire in which new
energy is imparted to the current before entering the ascending flue behind the
oven; proceeding thence to the chimney.
Each oven is furnished with ventilating appliances and the flues are fitted with
dampers and cleaning doors.
If a hot closet is fitted upon the top of the low oven, above described, the heat
from the ascending or outlet flue is made to circulate around the hot closet before
it is discharged into the chimney.
The fire basket and framing of the two oven range which we have just described
consists of any ordinary type and does not affect our invention.
Dated this 19th day of January 1893.
JOSEPH
LOCKWOOD,
263, Argyle Street, Glasgow, Agent for the Applicants.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and relating to Domestic Ovens.
We, WILLIAM BARRACLOUGH, Ironfounder and ALBERT RHODES, Engineer,
both of Providence Foundry, Stanningley, in the County of York, do hereby
declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement :-
This invention relates to domestic ovens, chiefly those connected with coal fire
cooking ranges and has for its objects :—
1st. To adapt them for being thoroughly heated in every part;
2nd. To effect the complete combustion of the smoke which passes through their
flues;
3rd. To economise the amount of fuel required for heating them.
The cooking ranges to which our invention is applicable contain one or more
ovens, placed either on one level only or at various elevations; sometimes having
one placed on the top of another; others having one or more ovens placed lower
than the fire bottom grate and one or more above its level.
The devices which constitute our invention are capable of being applied to ranges
which have a single oven only to each apparatus or those which have numerous
ovens variously combined therewith.
-
The following description relates more particularly, by way of an illustration, to

page_text: a cooking apparatus having a high oven on one side of the fire grate and a low oven
on the opposite side of it constructed and fitted together in accordance with our
invention.
"
The bottom of the high oven in the said range occupies a plane above the level
of the fire bottom grate similarly to that of a
Yorkshire" or
Newcastle" range
and the flues around it are constructed thus:
The whole surface of the oven, except the door is covered by flues.
The top
of it is covered by two distinct flues, and the side which is nearest to the fire is
also covered by two distinct flues communicating, as hereafter described, with the
two previously named. The under side of the oven, the back of it and the side
which is farthest removed from the fire are each covered by a single flue; all three
of the last named flues communicating with each other and one at least of them
with one of those upon the oven top.
One of the two flues, before named which is formed upon the oven top is the
outlet or exhaust flue.
The circulation of the heat throughout the series of flues is as follows:-
After entering the flue beneath the oven, the heat proceeds into the back as well
as into the distant side flue, passing from one into the other at the upper part
where the two currents unite and flow into one of the oven top flues, from thence
proceeding into and down one of the flues adjoining the fire, thence through a port
hole at the lower part into the adjoining flue, up which it ascends and passes
thence into the final or outlet oven flue upon the top before escaping into the
chimney.
If a hot closet is fitted on the top of the aforesaid high oven the outlet flue into
the chimney is not always put upon the high oven but is sometimes put upon the
said hot closet.
From the construction of flues thus described the course pursued by the hot air.
current around the oven is seen to be a closely enveloping one, the tendency of
which is to cling to the surface of the oven until it reaches the final outlet. The
hot air current has no tendency, when the flues are constructed as herein described,
to leave the face of the oven and cling to the flue walls; its tendency from entrance
to exit may be described as centripetal rather than centrifugal.
The walls of the two aforesaid oven side flues, adjoining the fire become very
hot and exert a regenerating influence upon the partially spent current passing
through them to the outlet: the said walls being protected, externally, from the
fierce action of the fire by means of a saddle piece; the saddle-piece being some-
times made of iron and at others of brick or baked clay; sometimes solid and at
others tubular or furnished with one or more cavities for conveying hot air into the
oven flues to assist in the combustion of smoke.
"
The bottom of the low oven in the apparatus which we are now describing occupies
a plane below the level of the fire bottom grate similarly to that of a "Leamington"
range, and the flues which cover its five sides (the door occupying the sixth) are
constructed thus:
That portion of the oven side which adjoins the fire is usually covered by a fire
brick or metal saddle, sometimes solid, sometimes formed with or against a hot air
cavity for regenerative purposes, and the remaining portion of that side is enclosed
within a flue having contact at several parts with the fire for regenerative purposes.
The back of the oven is enclosed within two flues, one being for an ascending
current for exhaust or outlet purposes and the other a descending one.
The top,
back, and bottom flues of the oven are open to the side which is farthest from the
fire and the heat which ascends from the fire proceeds first to the top of the oven
and then down the back and farthest sides of it, uniting again beneath the oven
from which flue it enters the regenerative one adjoining the fire in which new energy
is imparted to the current before entering the ascending flue behind the oven;
proceeding thence to the chimney.
Each oven is furnished with ventilating appliances and the flues are fitted with
dampers and cleaning doors.

page_text: If a hot closet is fitted upon the top of the low oven, above described, the heat
from the ascending or outlet flue is made to circulate around the hot closet before
it is discharged into the chimney.
In carrying out the first described purpose of our invention we revive or reheat
the hot current within domestic oven flues before its circuit around the oven is
complete and thereby enable the said current to heat the oven equally in every
part.
We find that the current of fresh fierce heat proceeding from the fire to the back
and distant side flues of domestic ovens becomes diminished in its intensity and
speed as it progresses irrespective of whether it is led thereafter into the flue above
the oven or the one beneath it, and is therefore in need of reviving before it has
completed its course around the oven.
We have consequently arranged our oven flues so as to bring the heat current
when it is in this expiring state into contact with one or more of the fire walls
for the purpose of re-heating it before it completes the said circuit.
It may be well for us to state here in order to prevent misunderstanding that
although the improved forms and arrangements of hot air chambers or flues herein
described as enveloping domestic ovens constituting our invention comprise in the
case of each oven only one continuous flue for any one oven which traverses the
five sides of it in various directions right and left up and down and sometimes in
opposite directions on the same side of oven we prefer to and do speak herein of
each distinct compartment or section of the one continuous and composite flue as if
it was a separate and distinct flue in itself and not merely a part of an undivided
whole.
As each oven has five sides to be covered by the flue or flues we consider that
we can make our meaning clearer by describing it or them in the above named
'manner.
As a result of thus directing the fresh fierce heat proceeding from the fire, first
'to the back and distant sides of the oven those parts become thoroughly heated.
The hot current being then sent back to the vicinity of the fire becomes re-heated
in a flue or flues contained upon that side of the oven which adjoins the fire and
that side thereby becomes more perfectly heated as it is traversed by the
re-invigorated current.
:
"
In several of the arrangements of oven flues of the "Yorkshire"
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or Newcastle
type described herein this re-invigorated hot current heats a part of the oven top
as well as part of the oven side after it has been thus revived.
In our improved arrangement of flues associated with ovens placed below the
level of the fire such as those of "Leamington" ranges, the heat current obtains
access to and heats certain portions of the oven below the level and beyond the
back of the fire which have never to our knowledge been covered by heating flues
and in this our newly devised arrangement of flues the hot current receives its
re-invigoration as it enters and passes through them.
In order that our invention may be perfectly understood we have prepared the
accompanying drawings illustrative of its several parts, in which;
"
Figure 1 is a front view in perspective of a "Yorkshire" or * Newcastle oven
with certain covering plates removed shewing the flue or flues arranged according
to our invention.
Figure 1 is a repetition of Fig. 1 but with certain covering plates restored.
Figure 1B is a plan of oven top as shewn in Fig. 1.
Figure 1º is a back view in perspective of the parts shewn in Fig. 1.
Figure 2 is a view similar to Fig. 1, but shewing a slight modification in the
uncovered flue or flues.
Figure 2 is a repetition of Fig. 2 but shewing a modification of the flues upon
the oven top.
Figure 2B is a plan of oven top as shewn in Fig. 2.
Figure 2 is a back view in perspective of the parts shewn in Fig. 2.
Figure 2CC is a plan of oven ton Hues similar to those chown in W
DA

page_text: "
Figure 3 is a front view in perspective of a low oven, ("Leamington' type) as
described herein with certain covering plates removed showing the exposed flues
arranged according to our invention.
Figure 3 is a repetition of Fig. 3 but with certain covering plates restored.
Figure 3B is a plan of oven top as shown in Fig. 3.
Figure 3 is a back view in perspective of parts shewn in Fig. 3.
Similar letters of reference are employed throughout these illustrations to
indicate corresponding parts.
Referring to the drawings, A is the oven door, and A' the back of oven: B is
the fire bottom-grate, C the fire-bars ribs or breast, D the oven top and E the side
adjoining the fire; F, F and F are partitions for dividing certain flues.
"
66
"
In Figures 1 to 20 we have shown a domestic oven in its relation to the fire-bars
and bottom-grate arranged similarly to those of a "Yorkshire or Newcastle
range and in Figures 3 to 3º a domestic oven with an arrangement of parts
corresponding to those of a "Leamington" range oven.
A fire being made upon the bottom-grate B of a "Yorkshire" range, Figs. 1
to 20 the heat passes into the flue H beneath the oven, thence up the side flue Jand
the back A' into the top flue D, thence down one portion of the side E, round the
partition F and up the other side of it into Di and from thence to the outlet
port-D the arrows in each illustration indicate the course taken by the heat
current.
The midfeather partitions F, F1 and F2 traverse the top and side of the oven as
shown in the drawings and divide them when enclosed within cover plates such as
those marked K in Fig. 1 into a series of flues, or forward and backward traverses
of one continuous and general flue and form very important parts of our invention.
They serve to direct the waning heat current to and within the fire side flues E
Figs. 1 to 2cc wherein it becomes re-heated and does good service to the oven
before and after it passes through the terminal flue D₁ upon the oven top to the
outlet D².
Three slightly different arrangements of the flues D and E are shown in Figs. 1
to 2ºC
In Figs. 1 to 1º we have shown the outlet or exhaust port D' of the oven flue or
flues at the rear part of oven top and in Figs. 2, 2B and 2" we show the outlet
port at one side in front whilst in Figs. 2 and 200 we show it at the side and
hinder part.
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The partition plate or midfeather F2 Figs. 2 to 2cc causes the re-invigorated
heat current to make a longer traverse of the oven top than the midfeathers F
and F Figs. 1 to 1°, and discharges it at a different point.
If a fire is made upon the bottom-grate B of a Leamington "type of range
such as we have shown in Figs. 3 to 30 the heat passes into the flue D, thence down
the flues A' and J into that marked H beneath the oven; from thence it proceeds
through the port H' into the chamber E where it is revived by contact with the
fire wall E' and becomes a vigorous current as it proceeds through D* to the outlet
port D.
The re-heating of the hot current in the flues defined by E, E and E² contributes
very materially to consume the smoke which is admixed with it.
The complete envelopement of the oven by a hot air chamber or chambers in
the manner described and shewn herein renders a smaller cousumption of fuel
necessary for heating it than is required when the oven is only partially enclosed in
heating flues.
The fire basket and framing of the two oven range which we have just described
consists of any ordinary kind and do not constitute any part of our invention.
We are aware that prior to our invention domestic ovens have been constructed
with a midfeather partition upon the oven top dividing the oven top with more or
less completeness into two or more flues, the partition being in some cases
moveable as a door and in other cases immoveable also that the fire sides of a
domestic oven have been completely enveloped in flues and so arranged that the

page_text: partially spent heat was directed into the flue adjoining the fire where it was
re-heated before it passed off into the exhaust flue: also that domestic ovens have
been made with a heating flue below the level of the fire bottom grate, forming
part of a
descending flue" open to the fire; and that domestic ovens have always
been provided with "saddles" of brick or metal; it will therefore be understood
we do not claim such things broadly as our invention.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed we declare that what we
claim is:
First. In a domestic oven the combination therewith of the flues shown in
Figs. 1 to 1 all substantially as berein described and drawn or any mere
modification thereof for the purposes specified.
Second. In a domestic oven the combination therewith of the flues shown in
Figs. 2 to 2all substantially as herein described and drawn or any mere modifi-
cation thereof for the purposes specified.
Third. In a domestic oven the combination therewith of the flues shown in
Figs. 3 to 3 all substantially as herein described and drawn or any mere modifi-
cation thereof for the purposes specified.
Fourth. In a domestic oven the combination with the flues upon the sides D
and E of the partitions F and F all substantially as herein described and drawn
or any mere modification thereof for the purposes specified.
Fifth. In a domestic oven the combination with the flue or flues upon E of the
partition F all substantially as herein described and drawn or any mere modifi-
cation thereof for the purposes specified.
Sixth. In a domestic oven the combination with the flue or flues upon D of
the partition Fall substantially as herein described and drawn or any mere modifi-
cation thereof for the purposes specified.
Seventh. In a domestic oven the combination therewith of the terminal flues
formed by parts marked E, E', E2 and D³ Figs. 3 to 3º all substantially as herein
described and drawn or any mere modification thereof for the purposes specified.
Eighth. In a domestic oven the combination therewith of the flues defined by
parts marked H, H', E, E¹, E' and D³ all substantially as herein described and
drawn or any mere modification thereof for the purposes specified.
Dated this 18th day of October 1893.
JOSEPH
LOCKWOOD,
263, Argyle Street, Glasgow, Agent for the Applicants.