Year: 1888

page_text: Date of Application, 10th Jan., 1888
Complete Specification Left, 9th Oct., 1888
Complete Specification Accepted, 9th Nov., 1888
I, JOHN HENRY DARBY of Brymbo near Wrexham in the County of Denbigh,
Steel Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
This invention relates more particularly to the carbonization of steel or iron by
means of charcoal or other carbonaceous matter.
The nature of the invention may be briefly described as consisting in filtering the
molten steel or iron through a layer of carbonaceous material.
For the purpose of illustration let it be assumed that I desire to treat the charge
from an ordinary open hearth furnace, as from such description the application of my
invention to various classes of steel and iron manufacture can be readily perceived.
The metal from the furnace is run into a suitable ladle fitted with an ordinary nozzle
and stopper so that the flow therefrom can be regulated. From the ladle the metal
Hows through a vessel or filter containing charcoal or other carbonaceous material,
from which the metal takes up carbon, the carbonaceous material being replaced
from time to time as may be requisite. From the filter the metal runs into a second
ladle in which it is allowed to stand covered with small pieces of charcoal for a short
time before being cast, or preferably it is returned to an open hearth furnace and
submitted to a reducing heat. While in the furnace fine charcoal or other carbonaceous
matter is spread over it and the metal is left until the desired temperature and
temper are attained, after which it is tapped and teamed in the usual manner.
Dated this 10th day of January 1888.
PHILIP M. JUSTICE,
55 & 56, Chancery Lane, London,
Applicant's Agent.

page_text: Improvements in the Manufacture of Steel or Iron.
I, JOHN HENRY DARBY of Brymbo in the County of Denbigh, North Wales, steel
manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement :-
In the manufacture of ingot iron and steel as at present carried out, the crude metal
is first purified either in a Bessemer Converter, Open Hearth or other furnace, and
during this, process the carbon is eliminated, the recarburizing being subsequently
effected by the introduction of spiegel, ferro manganese or other body containing the
desired amount of carbon.
The object of my invention is to effect this carburizing of the mass by means of
charcoal or other carbonaceous matter as coke, anthracite coal, or other suitable form
of carbon, and to this end my invention consists in recarburizing the metal by
filtering it or causing it to pass through a layer of such carbonaceous material as it
may be decided to employ.
In order that the invention may be clearly understood, reference is made to the
accompanying drawings which form part of this specification.
The metal to be treated, from either a Bessemer converter, open hearth furnace, or
crucible, is poured into the usual ladle A which is fitted with an ordinary stopper and
nozzle. The ladle being brought into position, the stopper is lifted and the metal
is allowed to flow through the vessel B which is lined with good refractory material and
contains charcoal or other suitable form of carbon. As the metal passes or filters
through this it dissolves or takes up carbon and passes out of the vessel or filter B
through a perforated fireclay plate and is retained in the ladle C which is also
fitted with a stopper and nozzle d for casting purposes.
It is found that the steel takes up carbon in passing or filtering through the
carbonaceous material, and I judge by experiment that a vessel or filter about
4 feet long and 18 inches in diameter if nearly filled with charcoal or gas carbon
(particularly the former) will give good results when dealing with a 5 to 10 ton
charge of metal.
To regulate the percentage of carbon in the final steel, the capacity of the
apparatus for carburizing must be determined, that is, supposing it is found to
introduce per cent. of carbon, then to produce steel containing 5% carbon, working
with a 10 ton charge, I would prefer to run 5 tons of the soft decarbonized metal
into the ladle C first, and the remaining 5 tons through the vessel or filter B into
the same ladle, thus obtaining the percentage of carbon required in the resulting
steel. When ladle C has received its entire charge it may be lifted up by a
hydraulic ram D, or other device and run over the moulds into which the metal is
to be cast

page_text: Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
23
The improvements in carburizing iron or steel hereinbefore described which consists
of "filtering or causing the molten metal to pass into and through a layer of
carbonaceous material substantially as described.
'
PHILIP M. JUSTICE,
55, Chancery Lane,
Applicant's Agent.