Improvements in Internal Combustion Thermo-motors.
Year: 1888

page_text: Date of Application, 28th Aug., 1888
Complete Specification Left. 28th June, 1889-Accepted. 27th July, 1889
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Internal Combustion Thermo-motors.
I JAMES HARGREAVES of The Poplars Farnworth near Widnes in the County of
Lancaster Chemical Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
The object of my present improvement is to provide a thermo motor which whilst
it is simple in construction is of high efficiency.
The Engine is of the class in which there are the following main parts (a) a
working cylinder in which combustion takes place, (b) an air compressor (c) a
saturator for saturating compressed air with water spray or vapour, (d) a supple-
mentary saturator and superheater (e) a regenerator for storing up temporarily the
heat in the exhaust products, and giving such heat back to the succeeding charge of
air to support combustion.
The features of novelty are the disposition of the parts forming the completo Engine
and also the construction of certain parts which are not only suitable for use in the
Engine now being specified but are also applicable in other modifications of my
Thermo Motor.
The Engine is shewn in vertical section on the drawing herewith where a is the
working cylinder, b piston, c packing rings with oil cups d for lubricating such rings
through passages in the junk ring, e air compressor, saturator, y supplementary
saturator the top part a h serving as superheater from heat conducted through the
walls of the working cylinder a and combustion chamber i, liquid or other fuel can be
sprayed or passed into i at any convenient point. j regenerator shewn packed partly
with blocks and partly with pipe like pieces of oarthenware. It will be observed that
the saturated air from f becomes heated by the exhaust gases which pass from j round
the cylinder and upwards through the pipe k.
The spaces around the combustion chamber and working cylinder are only partially
filled with water the upper part serves as supplementary saturator and superheater
in thermo motors.
The sides of the combustion chamber are constructed in novel manner for thermo
motors by lining them with brick blocks or segments or cement held in position by
longitudinal metal stays these latter being secured at top and bottom.
To bring the working parts of all thermo motors nearer the base plate, or for
shortening such Engines, I place the regenerator partially outside and partially
through the water jacket.
To allow of easy charging in thermo motors of the regenerators with loose pieces [
provide a charging way with a suitable covering.
To secure intimate mixture of liquid or other fuel and air in thermo motors I inject
the fuel into the passage leading from the regenerator to the combustion chamber.
I construct the face of a piston in thermo motors by coating it with a steel plate or
plates and placing asbestos or asbestos and tar at the back so that excessive heat is not
conveyed to the edges of the piston. To lock the steel plate or plates I provide
grooves and claws after the manner of a bayonet joint.
Pistons of thermo motors are lubricated by cups or containers and passages there-
from leading through the junk ring to the back of the packing rings.
To hold the scraper ring (i.e. the ring for preventing tarry matter from reaching
the inside of the working cylinder) in position and so as not to disturb the lining of
the combustion chamber I hold it in position in the cylinder itself by a ring and
bolts.
Thated thin 27th day of Anonet 1408
Per pro J. T. KING.
W. B. Johnson, Agent.

page_text: - COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Internal Combustion Thermo Motors.
I JAMES HARGREAVES of The Poplars Farnworth near Widnes in the County of
Lancaster Chemical Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in
what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement :-
The object of my present improvement is to provide a thermo motor which whilst
it is simple in construction is of high efficiency.
(a)
The Engine is of the class in which there are the following main parts (a) a
working cylinder in which combustion takes place (b) an air compressor, (c) a
saturator for saturating compressed air with water spray or vapour, (d) a supple-
mentary saturator and superheater (e) a regenerator for storing up temporarily the
heat in the exhaust products and giving such heat back to the succeeding charge of
air to support combustion.
The features of novelty are the disposition of the parts forming the complete Engine
and also the construction of certain parts which are not only suitable for use in the
Engine now being specified but are also applicable in other modifications of my
Thermo Motor.
In order that my invention may be readily understood I have appended a sheet of
drawings in which Fig. 1 is a vertical section, fig. 2 a horizontal section at the
lines A A fig. 1 and fig. 3 a vertical section at the line B B fig. 2 all of my improved
motor. Fig. 4 is a view of part of a regenerator showing a modified feed way.
Fig. 5 is a view showing a modified construction of combustion chamber, fig. 6 is
an enlarged view in vertical section of the combustion chamber walls. Fig. 7 is an
enlarged view of the means for lubricating the piston, fig. 8 is an end view of the
piston and fig. 9 a perspective view enlarged of the steel covering for the piston face
and fig. 10 is an enlarged view of the fuel injector. 1 is the working cylinder fitted
with a metallic liner 2. 3 combustion chamber cast in one piece with the working
cylinder. The sides or walls 3 of the combustion chamber are lined with firebrick
blocks or segments 4 or with cement and such blocks being beld in position by longi-
tudinal metal tee shaped stays 5 secured to the walls of the combustion chamber. In
fig. 5 ordinary stay rods secured to the top and bottom of the chamber. 6 jacket
surrounding the combustion chamber and working cylinder. The space between the
jacket and the cylinder and combustion chamber walls is partly filled with water so
that the lower part serves more particularly as a cooler for the ironwork and to
generate steam whilst the upper part serves as a saturator and superheater.
7 regenerator partially outside and partially within the side of the water jacket 6.
8 way for charging the regenerator 7 with loose pieces. 9 closing plug. In fig. 4 the
way 8 is provided with a feed cock instead of with a plug. 10 passage leading from
the regenerator 7 to the combustion chamber 3. 11 injector provided with a lip 12
for forcing liquid fuel in the form of spray into the passage 10 so as to direct the
fuel in the line of the air passage and secure intimate admixture of the said fuel and
air. 13 working piston faced with steel plates 14 held in position by grooves or
claws 15. The space between the plates and the piston is filled with asbestos or
asbestos and tar or like nonconducting and heat resisting material so that excessive
heat is not conveyed to the body of the piston. 16 lubricator secured to the junk
ring 17 and having a way 18 leading to the back of the packing rings 19 in this
way efficient lubrication of the moving parts is secured. 20 ring secured between
the working cylinder and combustion chamber for the purpose of scraping the surface
of the piston and preventing tarry matter from reaching the inside of the working
cylinder. 21 air pump cylinder and piston. 22 connections between the working
piston and air pump piston. 23 crank shaft. 24 connecting rod. 25 way from the
air pump to the jacket 6. 26 way leading from the jacket 6 to the regenerator 7
past the admission valve 27. 28 exhaust valve. 29 way leading from the exhaust
valve to the uptake 30 which passes through the air supply way 25. The admission

page_text: exhaust and injector valves are operated by valves cams or tappets in any usual way
31 governor attached to a throttle valve in the air supply way.
In thermo motors under my invention air is forced by the pump 21 through the
way 25 where it becomes heated by products of combustion passing through the up-
take 30, the heated air then passes through the water in the jacket 6 where it is
saturated thence through the space above the water where it is further heated and
finally through the regenerator into the passage 10 where it mixes with the liquid
fuel supplied by the injector. The mixture then passes into the combustion chainber
where it is burned. The products of combustion expelled from the combustion
chamber pass through the regenerator and away by the uptake 30.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is.
First. Internal combustion thermio inotors constructed substantially as herein set
forth.
Second. In internal combustion thermo motors a combustion chamber having a
lining held in position by stays substantially as set forth.
Third. In thermo motors the combination of a regenerator and water jacket sub-
stantially in the manner and for the purpose set forth.
Fourth. Constructing regenerators of thermo motors with charging holes sub-
stantially in the manner and for the purpose set forth.
Fifth. Injecting liquid fuel into thermo motors between the regenerator and com-
bustion chamber substantially in the manner and for the purpose set forth.
Sixth. Constructing pistons of thermo motors with a steel face held in position
substantially in the manner and for the purpose set forth.
Seventh. Pistons of thermo motors having lubricating appliances arranged sub-
stantially as set forth.
Eighth. Constructing internal combustion thermo motors with scrapers substantially
in the manner and for the purpose set forth.
Dated this 27th day of June 1889.
D
I ΤΙΜΟ
Por pro
KING,
J. Johnson, Agent.