Improvements in or in connection with "Hawking" Machines for Indigo Dyeing.
Year: 1893

page_text: Date of Application, 18th May, 1893
Complete Specification Left, 14th Feb., 1894-Accepted, 7th Apr., 1894
PROVIDIONAL DEVIFICATION.
Improvements in or in connection with "Hawking" Machines for
Indigo Dyeing.
We GEORGE STUBLEY and JAMES STUBLEY trading as G. and J. Stubley of
Calder Mills Wakefield in the County of York Woollen Manufacturers do hereby
declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
"
This invention refers to that class of piece machines commonly called "hawking
machines employed for indigo dyeing. In this machine nipping rollers are made
to rotate in the dye liquor, between which rollers the fabric is passed.
Now our invention consists in adding one or more pairs of nipping rollers placed
above the vat and out of the liquor; between which also the fabric is passed; and
further in means for driving the second pair or pairs of nipping rollers.
This second pair of nipping rollers is mounted in bearings fitting in standards
or A frames attached to the sides of the vat near the opposite end of the vat, and
at such a distance as to clear the resting frames or scrays, when the latter are
being raised from and lowered into the liquor. By means of springs bearing against
one or other of the roller bearings and screws pressing upon the springs, the distance
apart or pressure between the rollers can be adjusted.
"
In the "hawking machine as at present constructed, the frames carrying the
liquor nipping rollers (i.e. the rollers which rotate in the liquor) and the gearing
for driving the rollers, are mounted capable of being swung or tilted on a cross
shaft, the frames and rollers being partially balanced by a balance lever or levers
and weight or weights. In order to drive the second set of nipping rollers
(i.e. those which rotate out of the liquor), we mount a large bevel wheel on the
aforesaid cross shaft, and which is connected to the first wheel of the train of
wheels for driving the liquor nipping rollers, by keying both wheels on to a
common sleeve or by other means. This bevel wheel by means of an inclined shaft
having a bevel wheel at each end actuates a bevel wheel on the shaft of one of the
second pair of nipping rollers and so rotates these nipping rollers. The gearing is
so proportioned that the fabric is drawn through both sets of nipping rollers at the
same speed, so as to avoid damage to the fabric.
The advantages of a "hawking machine" constructed in accordance with our
invention are that owing to the wet fabric being squeezed whilst exposed to the air
outside the liquor, the dyeing is effected not only in half the time, but with only
half the expenditure of dyeing material (i.e. indigo).
Dated this 15th day of May 1893
J. CLARK JEFFERSON,
2, East Parade, Leeds, Agent for Applicants.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in or in connection with “Hawking” Machines for
Indigo Dyeing.
We GEORGE STUBLEY and JAMES STUBLEY trading as G. and J. Stubley of
Calder Mills Wakefield in the County of York Woollen Manufacturers do hereby
declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:
This invention refers to that class of piece goods dyeing machines commonly

page_text: called hawking machines, employed for indigo dyeing. In this class of machine
nipping rollers are made to rotate in the dye liquor, between which rollers the
fabric is passed. For the sake of distinction this pair of nipping rollers is herein-
after designated the "immersed" nipping rollers.
Now our invention consists in adding a second pair of nipping rollers placed
above the vat and out of the liquor, between which also the fabric is passed; and
further in means for driving the second pair of nipping rollers. Similarly for the
sake of distinction this pair of nipping rollers is hereinafter designated the "exterior"
Dipping rollers.
This exterior pair of nipping rollers is mounted in bearings fitting in standards
or A frames attached to the sides of the vat near the opposite end of the vat to that on
which the frames for the immersed rollers are mounted, and at such a distance as to
clear the resting frames when the latter are being raised from and lowered into the
liquor. By means of springs, bearing against one or other of the roller bearings,
and screws pressing upon the springs, the distance apart or pressure between the
rollers can be adjusted.
In hawking machines as at present constructed the frames carrying the
"immersed "uipping rollers, (i.e. the rollers which rotate in the liquor), and the
gearing for driving the rollers are mounted on or carried from a cross shaft, in such
a manner, as to be capable of being swung or tilted so as to immerse the rollers or
raise them above the liquor. The frames and rollers are partially balanced by a
balance lever or levers and weight or weights.
In order to drive the second set of nipping rollers, (i.e. the exterior rollers), we
mount a large bevel wheel on the aforesaid cross shaft, or on the driving pulley
shaft, this bevel wheel being connected to the first or second wheel, of the train of
wheels for driving the immersed nipping rollers, by keying both wheels or casting
both wheels on a common sleeve. This bevel wheel by means of an inclined shaft
having a bevel wheel at each end actuates a bevel wheel on the shaft of one of the
second, .e. exterior nipping rollers, and so rotates these nipping rollers. The
gearing is so proportioned that the fabric is drawn through both sets of nipping
rollers at the same speed in order to avoid damage to the fabric.
Instead of the above mechanism the exterior nipping rollers may be actuated by
means of a chain belt drive, one chain wheel or pulley being mounted on the driving
pulley shaft or the cross shaft, and the other chain wheel on the shaft of one of the
said nipping rollers.
A right and left hand worm drum mounted in a suitable position may be
employed to guide and keep straight the fabric as it passes to the exterior nipping
rollers; whilst a guide drum or roller, over which the fabric is passed on leaving
the nipping rollers, may be employed to lengthen the time before the fabric is again
immersed in the liquor.
The advantages of our invention are that owing to the wet fabric being squeezed
and exposed to the atmosphere immediately after such squeezing, the dyeing is not
only effected in half the time, but with an expenditure of only half the dyeing
material (.e. indigo).
And in order that our invention and the manner in which the same is to be
performed may be more readily and clearly understood reference is given to the
accompanying sheet of drawings and to the letters and marks thereon; in which
Fig. is a side elevation and Fig. 2 a plan of a hawking machine to which our
invention is applied.
a a is the second pair of nipping rollers above referred to, mounted in bearings bb,
fitting in guides in the standards cc; the latter being connected to and mounted on
the sides of the vat d. By means of the spiral spring e, screw f, and hand wheel g,
the pressure between the nipping rollers a a can be adjusted.
hh are the frames carrying the immersed nipping rollers i, i, which rotate
immersed in the liquor in the vat, and which are driven from the belt pulley ; by
means of the gearing k, cross shaft 7, and gearing m. The frames hh are hinged on
the cross shaft l.

page_text: On the cross shaft or (as shewn in the drawings), on the pulley shaft v, we
mount a large bevel wheel n; which is keyed on the same sleeve as the belt
pulley, and one of the gear wheels k. This bevel wheel n gears with a smaller
bevel wheel o at the lower end of the inclined shaft p, the upper end of which is
provided with a bevel wheel gearing with a bevel wheels on the end of the shaft
of one (the lower) of the nipping rollers a. The bevel gears n, o, r, and s are so
proportioned, that the fabric is drawn through the nipping rollers a a at the same
speed as through the nipping rollers ii. t is the guide roller for the purpose of
keeping the fabric above the surface of the liquor as above described.
The dotted line. e represents the direction of the traverse of the fabric.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed we declare that what we
claim is :-
1. In hawking machines the employment of a second exterior pair of nipping
rollers placed above the surface of the liquor and operated by means of intermediate
mechanism from the gearing driving the immersed nipping rollers, so as to draw the
fabric at the same speed through both set of nipping rollers, for the purpose of
exposing the wet and squeezed fabric for a short time to the air.
2. An hawking machine consisting of a pair of nipping rollers carried in hinged
frames capable of being immersed in and operated beneath the surface of the
liquor in the vat and a pair of nipping rollers situated above the surface of the
liquor, both sets of nipping rollers being operated so as to draw the fabric through.
them at the same speed.
3. An hawking machine comprising an immersed and an exterior pair of nipping
rollers operated in the manner and by the mechanism substantially as herein set
forth or illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
Dated this 9th day of February 1894
J. CLARK JEFFERSON,
2, East Parade, Leeds, Agent for Applicants.