IMPROVEMENTS IN CHARGES AND CARTRIDGES TO BE USED WITH CERTAIN KINDS OF POWDER FOR FOR OTHER PUR
Year: 1885

page_text: ротошопию
ՄՍԱ WICIL
111 CHATHUS или Cartridges
Certain Kinds of Powder for Small Arms and for other
Purposes.
I, CORNELIUS DIXON of Station Road Witton near Birmingham, in the County
of Warwick, Instructor in Shooting, do hereby declare the nature of said inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN CHARGES AND CARTRIDGES TO BE USED WITH
CERTAIN KINDS OF POWDER FOR SMALL ARMS AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES," to be
as follows:
My invention relates to means, whereby Schultze powder or such like explosives,
can be used without danger. It is well known that when Schultze powder is
compressed beyond a certain or determinate limit, it becomes most dangerous,
from the fact of it being too much confined, and if used as a charge in this state,
the arm will burst. On the other hand Schultze powder requires to be compressed
or confined within certain limits, in order to acquire the necessary explosive force
for the proper discharge of shot and other missiles.
By my invention, the exact quantity of powder or explosive to constitute a
cbarge, is determined by measure, and the said charge receives the requisite
compression or confinement in the act of being introduced into the shell of the
cartridge.
In carrying out my invention, I proceed as follows. The cartridge shell in which
the charge is to be used is slightly confined or choked at its inner base part; that
is, the inside of the shell is contracted or slightly drawn in at its base, corre-
sponding in ratio, to the exact amount of compression that shall be given to the
charge when it is fully pressed home within the cartridge shell.
The measure to weight, which contains the charge, consists of a thimble or short
cylinder closed at its bottom by a thin disc or film of paper or other suitable
material, the sides of the measure are perfectly parallel and fit accurately the bore
of the cartridge shell. The short cylinder constituting the measure is preferably
made of paper or paper pulp and is about seven eighths of an inch or thereabouts,
in height for an ordinary shot charge, but I do not confine myself to the exact
proportions, as the exact height is determined by the charge required; nor do
I confine myself to the material forming the measure, as a metal shell may be used
with like effect.

page_text: In charging a cartridge shell, the measure to weight or short cylinder is filled to
its top edge with Schultze powder or other like explosive material, the charge is
then introduced into the bore of the cartridge shell with a wad upon its top, which
is afterwards pressed home to the base of the cartridge shell. The forcing home,
throttles or contracts the sides of the charge, thereby compressing or confining the
powder or other explosive contained therein to the desired extent.
By employing means hereinbefore described, danger in using Schultze powder
and such like explosives is reduced to a minimum.
In pressing home the charge, the film covering the bottom of the measure
holding the charge is broken by it 'coming in contact with the standing out
cap chamber.
Although I have described that the necessary compression is given to the charge,
by the inner contracted sides of the cartridge shell, yet the same result may be
attained by compressing the charge within an independent cup or ferrule, having
sides corresponding to the choked or contracted inner base of the cartridge, prior
to its introduction into the shell; the cartridge-shell-has then a plane bottom.
Dated this sixth day of March 1885.
CORNELIUS DIXON.
By Henry Skerrett,
6, Livery Street, Birmingham,
Agent to the Applicant.

page_text: Improvements in Charges and Cartridges to be Used with
Certain Kinds of Powder for Small Arms and for other
Purposes.
I, CORNELIUS DIXON of Station Road, Witton near Birmingham, in the County
of Warwick, Instructor in Shooting, do hereby declare the nature of said inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN CHARGES AND CARTRIDGES TO BE USED WITH
CERTAIN KINDS OF POWDER FOR SMALL ARMS AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES," and
in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement:-
0
My invention relates to means, whereby Schultze powder or such like explosives,
can be used without danger. It is well known that when Schultze powder is
compressed beyond a certain or determinate limit, it becomes most dangerous, from.
the fact of it being too much confined, and if used as a charge in this state tho
arm will burst. On the other hand, Schultze powder requires to be compressed or
confined within certain limits, in order to acquire the necessary explosive force for
the proper discharge of shot and other missiles.
By my invention, the exact quantity of powder or explosive to constitute a
charge, is determined by measure, and the said charge receives the requisite com-
pression or confinement in the act of being introduced into the shell of the
cartridge.
In carrying out my. invention, I proceed as follows. The cartridge shell in
which the charge is to be used is slightly confined or choked at its inner base part;
that is, the inside of the shell is contracted or slightly drawn in at its base, corre-
sponding in ratio, to the exact amount of compression that shall be given to the
charge when it is fully pressed home within the cartridge shell.
The measure to weight, which contains the charge, consists of a thimble or short
cylinder closed at top and bottom by thin discs or films of paper or other suitable
material, the sides of the measure are perfectly parallel and fit accurately the bore
of the cartridge shell. The short cylinder constituting the measure is preferably
made of paper or paper pulp and is about seven eighths of an inch or thereabouts,
in height for an ordinary shot charge, but I do not confine myself to the exact
proportions, as the exact height is determined by the charge required; nor do
I confine myself to the material forming the measure, as a metal shell may be
used with like effect.
In charging a cartridge shell, the measure to weight or short cylinder is filled to
its top edge with Schultze Powder or other like explosive material, the charge is
then introduced into the bore of the cartridge shell with a wad upon its top, which
is afterwards pressed home to the base of the cartridge shell-The forcing home,
throttles or contracts the sides of the charge, thereby compressing or confining the
powder or other explosive contained therein to the desired extent.
By employing means hereinbefore described, danger in using Schultze Powder
and such like explosives is reduced to a minimum.

page_text: In pressing home the charge, the film covering the bottom of the measure
holding the charge is broken by it coming in contact with the standing out
cap chamber.
Although I have described that the necessary compression is given to the charge,
by the inner contracted sides of the cartridge shell, yet the same result may be
attained by compressing the charge within an independent cup, ferrule or mould
having sides corresponding to the choked or contracted inner base of the cartridge
as described.
I will now proceed to describe with reference to the accompanying drawing the
manner in which the same is to be performed.
Figure 1 shows a cartridge shell or case slightly confined or choked at its inner
base part; that is, the shell a is contracted or drawn in at a², to an extent equal
to the compression that shall be given to the charge, when the said charge is fully
pressed home within the cartridge shell-Figure 2 represents in side elevation,
figure 3 in vertical section, and figure 4 in plan, a charge measure or charge thimble
made according to my invention and consisting of a short paper cylinder filled with
Schultze or EC powder, and closed top and bottom by means of thin films or
coverings of thin paper or other suitable material. The cylinder is preferably
made of stout paper or papier mache, but thin sheet metal may be substituted
therefor with like effect.
Thus, the measure to weight which contains the charge, consists of a short
cylinder or measure b, closed at top and bottom by thin coverings of paper c c³;
the sides of the measure being perfectly parallel, and fitting accurately the bore
of the cartridge shell.
In charging the cartridge shell figure 1, the charge of Schultze or EC powder
figure 2 is introduced into the bore of the case, when the charge is pressed home
by an ordinary rammer, which is of the bore of the cartridge shell.
Figure 5 represents the charge in the bore of the cartridge shell, before compres-
sion, and figure 6 the same when pressed home and the charge compressed, and its
bulk reduced to the desired extent.
The forcing home of the charge down the sides of the contracted part at the base
of the shell gathers or compresses in wards the case, so as to reduce the bulk of the
powder charge contained within it, thereby giving the requisite pressure that shall
only reduce the bulk of thecharge within prescribed limits; that is, the amount
of compression in every case remains constant, so that it matters not, what force
may be used in the forcing home of a charge, the result always remains the same,
and the powder compressed to a degree most suitable for discharging shot or other
missiles without endangering the bursting of the arm.
Figure 7 is a side elevation of the powder charge compressed, and figure 8 is a
vertical section.
Instead of giving the requisite compression to the powder in the act of forcing
home the charge into the cartridge shell, the same result may be attained by
having means of compression independent of the cartridge shell as represented in
figure 9.
d is a mould internally shaped, to give the necessary compression to the charge b,
on the forcing of it home into the cavity d² which is similar in every respect to the
contracted or throttled part at the base of the cartridge case as described. e is
the base of the instrument, f is a charge remover, and g is a plunger or rammer.
The charge before being introduced into the mould has parallel sides the same as in
figure 3.
After the removal of the charge b from the mould figure 10, it is placed within
the shell or at the base of the shell of an ordinary cartridge case as represented in
figure 11.
By employing means hereinbefore described, over-compression is prevented or
rendered impossible.
The charge receptacle or measure may be employed for holding ordinary black
powder, instead of nitro-compounds hereinbefore described.

page_text: The rammer in the act of forcing home a nitro-compound charge, does not press
upon the powder itself but only upon the top edges of the case or short cylinder
containing the charge.
When no cartridge case or shell is employed the internal base or breech of the
arm is contracted or throttled like that of a cartridge case as described. The act
of forcing home the charge, effects the necessary compression.
In each case the paper film enclosing the bottom of the powder charge is broken,
by coming in contact with the anvil protruding through the flash holes of the cap
chamber of the cartridge shell.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is
First. Imparting to Schultze or EC powder charges, (and other nitro-compounds)
a determinate amount of compression, by enclosing a loose or unpressed charge
within a case or short cylinder, and imparting the requisite compression thereto,
by forcing the case or measure containing the charge, into a cartridge shell, whose
internal base is contracted or gathered in, to an extent equal to the compression
required, and so thereby preventing under and over-compression substantially as
described and illustrated.
Secondly. Contracting the bore at the base of a cartridge shell, to give the
necessary compression to nitro-compound powder charges, on being pressed home,
substantially as described and set forth in figure 1 of the accompanying drawing.
Thirdly. Imparting the necessary compression to Schultze and other nitro-
compound powder charges, prior to their being introduced into a cartridge shell,
or arm, substantially as described and set forth in figures 10 and 11-also the
appliance used for the compression as described and represented in figure 9.
Fourthly. Charge measures or receptacles for Schultze and black powders,
consisting of a short cylinder or tube, enclosed at bottom, and open at top; or
closed at both bottom and top when filled, for the purpose substantially as
described and illustrated in figures 2, 3 and 4 of the drawing.
"
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1005
CORNELIUS DIXON.
By Henry Skerrett,
6, Livery Street, Birmingham,
Agent to the Applicant.