Year: 1888

page_text: I THOMAS BOWEN of the Morriston Tin Plate Works, Morriston in the County of
Glamorgan, Tin Plate Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention
to be as follows:-
These improvements relate to the arrangement of the parts of the piston in order
to make the fitting thereof to the cylinder more effectual and durable.
In practice it frequently occurs that rings of pistons have to be removed owing
to failure of their spring power against the junk ring to exercise the necessary
pressure to secure efficient working, although a like amount of pressure would if
exercised against the cylinder be sufficient to ensure efficient close contact.
In pistons of some descriptions at present in use the rings are forced against the
cylinder and against the junk ring by spring pressure, which pressure
power in the one direction as in the other, but unnecessarily so.
equal in
According to my invention I constitute two distinct and separate forces-one
against the junk ring and one against the cylinder-for the piston rings. The
force to press the ring parts against the junk ring I make the greater and
that against the cylinder I make the lesser and of a differential or adjustable
degree.
In carrying my invention into effect according to one arrangement I construct my
improved pistons with spiral or such like springs arranged in corresponding chambers
in spring blocks and adapted to press the rings apart against the piston and junk
ring with the greater force, whilst the spring blocks are forced against the piston
rings and those rings against the cylinder, by stems or studs working in sockets and
acted upon by springs therein the pressure being adjustable interiorily by means of
screw nuts acting to compress the springs. The number and arrangement of the
springs to press on the piston rings will be varied to suit circumstances and size
of piston. For small sizes the leaves or divisions of the piston rings may be pressed
apart by a spring or springs pressing circumferentially or radially or in combined
directions.

page_text: By means of my improved contrivance great facility is afforded in suitably fitting
variations of sizes of cylinders; economy in consumption of fuel and saving of wear
and tear is attained and other advantages are secured.
WM. BROOKES & SON,
55 & 56, Chancery Lane, London,
Agents for the Applicant.
I THOMAS BOWEN of the Morriston Tin Plate Works, Morriston in the County of
Glamorgan, Tin Plate Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement :-
These improvements relate to the arrangement of the parts of the piston of engines
of various kinds, whether for steam, air, water or other fluids, or whether for
producing motive power, for compressing air or for raising or forcing water or other
fluids and sometimes called pump buckets, in order to make the fitting thereof to the
cylinder more effectual and durable.
In practice it frequently occurs that rings of pistons have to be removed owing to
failure of their spring power against the junk ring to exercise the necessary pressure
to secure efficient working, although a like amount of pressure would, if exercised
against the cylinder, be sufficient to ensure efficient close contact.
In pistons of some descriptions at present in use the rings are forced against the
cylinder and against the junk ring by spring pressure, which pressure is equal in
power in the one direction as in the other, but unnecessarily so.
According to my invention I constitute two distinct and separate forces-one
against the junk ring and one against the cylinder--for the piston rings.
The force to press the ring parts against the junk ring I make the greater
and that against the cylinder I make the lesser and of a differential or adjustable
degree.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
In carrying my invention into practical effect according to one arrangement shown
in the drawings, Figure 1 by a section taken through the diameter of the piston and
by detail views of parts to an enlarged scale in Figures 2 and 3, Figure 2 showing
one of the springs a¹ in its case or chamber and the rings b, 6, 6, 63, for producing
the pressure apart radially of rings against piston and junk rings Figure 3 showing
one of the springs f in its socket or chamber e for producing the lateral pressure on
the piston rings I construct my improved pistons with spiral springs a' or such
like springs, arranged in corresponding chambers a' (Fig. 3) in the spring blocks a,
which chambers serve to keep these springs in position, and the springs are adapted
14

page_text: to press the rings b, b¹ Fig. 2 apart against the piston b' and junk ring 68 with the
greater force, whilst the spring blocks a are forced against the piston rings b1, b₁
(Fig. 3) and those rings ₁, against the cylinder, by stems or studs d working in
sockets e and acted upon by springs therein, the pressure being adjustable interiorily
by means of screw nuts g acting to compress the spring when screwed home in the
correspondingly threaded end of the socket or chamber e.
gl are washers, the thickness of which may be varied to adjust the amount of pressure
to be exerted on the spring by the screwing down of the cap or screw nut, 9, and may
be of, say, th to th of an inch in thickness.
The number and arrangement of the springs to press on the piston rings will be
varied to suit circumstances and size of piston.
For small sizes the piston rings may be pressed apart by a spring or springs pressing
circumferentially or radially or in combined directions, as shown applied in Figure 4
for say a piston under 20 inches in diameter.
In this arrangement, a¹ are the lateral or vertical springs working in recesses
formed in the internal ring h, which internal ring h takes the place of the plates a
(Figs. 1 and 3) of the preceding arrangement for forcing out radially the piston
rings b, b, against the cylinder, whilst the lesser power required for this purpose is
obtained by the interposition of the coiled spring h¹ between adjacent parts of this
circular part h, said spring being kept in place by means of meeting pins or an
axial pin h, which passes through the spring h' and against the adjacent ends of
the internal ring.
By means of my improved contrivance great facility is afforded in suitably fitting
variations of sizes of cylinders; economy in consumption of fuel and saving of wear
and tear is attained, and other advantages are secured.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is:
The arrangement or combination and use in pistons or buckets of engines for
applying motive power derived from steam or other fluid, for raising, compressing
or forcing air, gas, water or other fluid, so as to be able to employ separate and
different spring forces to the parts, to press against the junk ring and piston rings and
against the cylinder ring, substantially as set forth.
D
1
31 J 1
1000