IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR OBTAINING MOTIVE POWER, APPLICABLE ALSO TO MEASURING, RAISING, EXHAUSTING, FORCING, AND COMPRESSING FLUIDS
Year: 1868

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Alfred Colerick Pilliner, of the Oakfield Works,
near Newport, in the County of Monmouth, Civil Engineer, and
James Charles Hill, of the same Place, Ironmaster, for the Invention
of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR OBTAINING MOTIVE POWER, APPLICABLE
ALSO TO MEASURING, RAISING, EXHAUSTING, FORCING, AND COMPRESSING
FLUIDS"
Sealed the 14th July 1868, and dated the 28th January 1868.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Alfred
Colerick
Pilliner and James Charles Hill at the Office of the Commissioners
of Patents, with their Petition, on the 28th January 1868.
We, ALFRED COLERICK PILLINER, of the Oakfield Works, near.
Newport, in the County of Monmouth, Civil Engineer, and JAMES
CHARLES HILL, of the same Place, Ironmaster, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR
OBTAINING MOTIVE POWER, APPLICABLE ALSO TO MEASURING, RAISING, EXHAUSTING,.
FORCING, AND COMPRESSING FLUIDS," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in machinery for
obtaining motive power, applicable also to measuring, raising, exhausting,

page_text: forcing and compressing fluids. The apparatus consists of a casing in
the form of two parallel cylinders placed side by side and opening the
one into the other and enclosed by covers at the ends. At the point
of contact of the two cylinders is a fixed roller or other fulcrum on
which a partition is able both to rock and reciprocate or slide. This
partition is of a peculiar form, it has at each end a cylindrical or nearly
cylindrical head, and a stem connects them; passing through the end cover
of one of the cylinders is an axis with a crank arm upon it carrying a
crank pin which is embraced by a bearing in one of the cylindrical
heads of the partition and concentric with it. The radius of the
crank arm added to the radius of the cylindrical head should together
equal the radius of the cylindrical casing in which they work, so that
the cylindrical head of the partition will always be in contact with
the casing on the side towards which the crank is standing, and as
the crank travels round this contact will also travel round within the
casing. Radial packing strips furnished with springs or other packings
are fitted into the cylindrical head so that the steam or fluid may not
be able to pass the line of contact. The covers at either end of the
casing fit closely to the double headed rocking partition. The head
at the end of the rocking partition opposite to the crank or on the
other side of the fulcrum in a similar way is always in contact with
the casing and the line of contact travels round within it in a similar
manner; it will however be found that either the head of the partition
or the casing will require to differ somewhat from the cylindrical
form. The inlet and outlet passages are formed in the casing at
the junctions of the two cylinders and on opposite sides of the rocking
partition or in one or both covers. The partition thus constantly
divides the casing into two parts, in one of which is the inlet and
in the other the outlet, so that as the fluid cannot pass from one to
the other without the partition being moved, the fluid if under pressure
gives this motion to the partition and so drives the crank axis, or if
the axis be driven, the apparatus will draw fluid in at one passage
and expel it by the other. It is not essential that the two cylinders
of the casing should be of the same size, it is sometimes advantageous
to make that in which the crank works larger than the other. The
apparatus may be varied by applying a crank to each head of the
partition, and connecting them so that they may revolve in opposite
directions either by toothed wheels or otherwise, and dispensing with
the fulcrum. The inlet and outlet passage may be arranged to pass

page_text: through the stem of the rocking partition. Where the apparatus is
worked by steam under pressure expansion valves may be applied, or
the partition itself may form its own cut off.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent
filed by the said Frederick Colerick Pilliner and James Charles
Hill in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 28th July 1868.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, ALFRED
COLERICK PILLINER, of the Oakfield Works, near Newport, in the
County of Monmouth, Civil Engineer, and JAMES CHARLES HILL, of
the same Place, Ironmaster, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-eighth day of January, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-eight, in the
thirty-first year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto us, the said Alfred Colerick Pilliner and James
Charles Hill, Her special licence that we, the said Alfred Colerick
Pilliner and James Charles Hill, our executors, administrators, and
assigns, or such others as we, the said Alfred Colerick Pilliner and
James Charles Hill, our executors, administrators, and assigns, should
at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all
times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully
might make, make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom
of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man,
an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY POR OBTAINING MOTIVE POWER
APPLICABLE ALSO TO MEASURING, RAISING, EXHAUSTING, FORCING, AND COMPRESSING
FLUIDS," upon the condition (amongst others) that we, the said Alfred
Colerick Pilliner and James Charles Hill, our executors or adminis-
trators, by an instrument in writing under our or their hands and
seals, or under the hand and seal of one of us or them, should particularly
describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention. and in what
manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be
filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next
and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Alfred Colerick Pilliner on behalf
of myself and the said James Charles Hill, do hereby declare the nature

page_text: of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed,
to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement thereof, that is to say :-
This Invention has for its object improvements in machinery for
obtaining motive power applicable also to measuring, raising, exhaust-
ing, forcing, and compressing fluids. The apparatus consists of a
casing in the form of two parallel cylinders placed side by side, and
opening the one into the other, and enclosed by covers at the ends.
At the point of contact of the two cylinders is a fixed roller or other
fulcrum on which a partition is able both to rock and reciprocate
or slide.
This partition is of a peculiar form; it has at each end
a cylindrical or nearly cylindrical head, and a stem connects them;
passing through the end cover of one of the cylinders is an axis
with a crank arm upon it carrying a crank pin which is embraced
by a bearing in one of the cylindrical heads of the partition and
concentric with it. The radius of the crank arm added to the radius
of the cylindrical head should together equal the radius of the
cylindrical casing in which they work, so that the cylindrical head of
the partition will always be in contact with the casing on the side
towards which the crank is standing, and as the crank travels round
this line of contact will also travel round within the casing. Radial
packing strips furnished with springs or other packings are fitted into
the cylindrical head so that the steam or fluid may not be able to
pass the line of contact. The covers at either end of the casing fit
closely to the double headed rocking partition. The head at the end
of the rocking partition opposite to the crank or on the other side
of the fulcrum in a similar way is always in contact with the casing
and the line of contact travels round within it in a similar manner.
It will however be found that either the head of the partition or the
casing will require to differ somewhat from the cylindrical form.
The inlet and outlet passages are formed in the casing at the
junctions of the two cylinders and on opposite sides of the rocking
partition or in one or both covers. The partition thus constantly
divides the casing into two parts, in one of which is the inlet and
in the other the outlet, so that as the fluid cannot pass from onc
to the other without the partition being moved the fluid if under
pressure gives this motion. to the partition and so drives the crank
axis, or if the axis be driven the apparatus will draw fluid in at
one passage and expel it by the other.

page_text: Figure 1 is a vertical section, Figure 2 is a horizontal section, and
Figure 3 is a front view of the apparatus arranged as for a water
meter, but its form will be substantially the same whatever the purpose
for which it is employed. a, a, is the casing of the apparatus, it has
an inlet passage at a¹ and an outlet at a²; b is a bolt passing through
the casing from side to side and having upon it the roller or cylinder b
which serves as the fulcrum for the double headed partition c into a
slot in which the fulcrum is received; c' is a socket or bearing
formed within one of the heads of the partition c, and in the centre of
this head it receives the crank pin d carried by an arm d' on the axis d³
which passes out through the front of the casing in the centre of one
of the cylinders of which it is composed; c³, c³, are packing strips of
metal, they are fitted into radial grooves in the heads of the partition in
such manner that they can move out and in a short distance, and they
are furnished with springs tending to press them outwards from the
centre so as to cause them to bear against the sides of the casing and
so make a tight joint against it as in succession they are brought up
into contact with the casing by the movement of the partition; packing
is also provided between the end plates of the casing and the sides of
the partition; e is the pipe by which the water comes to the meter,
after the dash plate f has broken the force of the stream it passes
through the filter plate g and so to the inlet aperture a¹; h is a passage
by which any mud which may accumulate is blown out from time to
time. When the machine is not required to work with water, but
with steam, air, or other fluid, the parts g and h may be dispensed
with. On the axis d, when the apparatus is used as a meter, two
metal discs are mounted having an india-rubber ring between them
which bears on the surface of the face plate on an axis
a worm giving motion to a train of counting wheels. The india-rubber
ring is compressible by means of a screw nut, and thus the speed of
the registering train can be slightly varied sufficiently for the purposes
of accurate adjustment. Where the apparatus is required to be
actuated by fluid under pressure, and to drive machinery, the counting
gear is not required, and driving pulleys, spur wheels, or similar
instruments are mounted on the axis d to transmit the power from
it to the machinery to be driven. It is not essential that the two
cylinders of the casing should be of the same size; it is sometimes
advantageous to make that in which the crank works larger than the
other. The apparatus may be varied by applying a crank to each head
carrying

page_text: of the partition, and connecting them so that they may revolve in
opposite directions either by toothed wheels or otherwise, and dispensing
with the fulcrum. The inlet passage may be arranged to pass through
the stem of the rocking partition, and where the apparatus is worked
by steam under pressure expansion valves may be applied, or the
partition itself may form its own cut off.
Figures 4 and 5 on Sheet 2 of the Drawings hereunto annexed
show an apparatus for obtaining motive power in which the inlet
passage is formed through the stem of the partition and also in which
the steam is cut off at half stroke or thereabouts, the partition itself
forming the cut off valve. In these Figures the same letters of
reference are used to indicate like parts to those shown on Sheet 1, so
that it is unnessary again to describe them.
The slot or hollow chamber c¹ of the stem c is kept full of steam
by steam passing in through the inlet passage a', and the steam passes
from this chamber alternately through the two passages as into the
two cylinders of which the casing a is composed. When the parts
are in the position shown at Figure 4, steam is acting expansively in
the larger cylinder whilst the full pressure of steam is acting in the
smaller cylinder. As soon, however, as the crank pin comes in a
line with the central roller b¹ the stem c has been brought into such
a position that steam will be cut off from the smaller cylinder and
immediately afterwards steam will be admitted into the larger cylinder,
subsequently at the completion of another half stroke steam will
similarly be cut off from this cylinder, and so on continuously.
In witness whereof, I, the said Alfred Colerick Pilliner, have
hereunto set my hand and seal, this 23rd day of July, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-eight.
ALF. C. PILLINER. (L.S.)