IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SUBMARINE TELEGRAPH CABLES
Year: 1882

page_text: "
LETTERS PATENT to George Edward Vaughan, of 67 Chancery Lane, in the
County of Middlesex, Patent Agent, for an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE MANUFACTURE OF SUBMARINE TELEGRAPH CABLES Communicated to
him from abroad by Samuel Trott and Frederic Adam Hamilton, both of the
City of Halifax, in the Province of Nova Scotia, in the Dominion of Canada,
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said George Edward Vaughan at
⚫ the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 4th July 1882.
GEORGE EDWARD VAUGHAN, of 67 Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex,
Patent Agent, "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SUBMARINE TELEGRAPH
CABLES," A. communication to me from abroad by Samuel Trott, and Frederic
Adam Hamilton, both of the City of Halifax, in the Province of Nova Scotia, in
the Dominion of Canada,
This invention relates to the manufacture of an improved form of submarine
telegraph cable and has for its object the prevention of any twisting or wringing
asunder of the cable whilst being submerged or during the process of heaving in for
the purpose of repair or recovery
Cables are sometimes abandoned because of the difficulties experienced in lifting
them from even moderate depths. In deep water these difficulties are almost
insurmountable. The reason of this is that the strands wires or fibre of which the
cables are composed untwist or unlay when under strain during the process of
heaving in. This unlaying of the material from the ships bow downwards causes
a large accumulation of twist in the cable at and near the ocean bed, where the
strain being small and the cable comparatively slack, kinks are consequently
formed, and the fabric is wrenched and torn asunder without any appreciable strain
being applied or indicated on board the ship.
The following description will explain the said improvements in constructing a
cable, reference being made to the accompanying drawings.
From hemp, or other suitable fibre yarns are manufactured or spun into what
is technically called right-hand and left-hand lay or twist.

page_text: A portion of these yarns, say the right-hand are laid spirally around an insulated
conductor A. Figure 1 in the manner shown at B, that is to say, the right-hand
yarns are laid on so as to form a left-hand layer or serving. The next layer or
serving is composed of left hand yarns laid on right handed as shown at C.
Figure 1. This alternation of layers of right hand and left hand yarns effectually
prevents any twisting or wringing asunder of the material and may be continued
until the desired strength be attained.
By a modification shown in Figure 3, the same result is accomplished. The first
serving consists of right-hand yarns made into strands which are consequently left-
handed laid on right-handed, the second serving of left-hand yarns made into
strands right-handed, and laid on left-handed. Or the servings may be applied as
represented in Figure 5, in which the first serving consists of right-hand yarns
laid on left-handed, the second serving of right-hand yarns made into left hand
strands, laid on right-handed, and the third serving of right-hand yarns laid on
left-handed.
It will be understood that any of the servings represented in Figures 1. 3 and 5
may be reversed, that is to say, left may be substituted for right and right for left,
both in yarns and strands, as shown in Figures 2, 4, and 6.
When desired jute yarn as a core serving or a metallic or a fibrous tape as a
_core serving, or, as an outer serving for protection against the ravages of the teredo
or other marine animals may be employed, and any bituminous compound or
marine glue, or other analogous material may be used in any known and convenient
manner

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said George Edward Vaughan in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
4th January 1883.
GEORGE EDWARD VAUGHAN, of 67 Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex,
Patent Agent,
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SUBMARINE TELEGRAPH
CABLES," A communication to me from Abroad by Samuel Trott, and Frederick
Adam Hamilton, both of the City of Halifax, in the province of Nova Scotia, in
the Dominion of Canada,
This Invention relates to the manufacture of an improved form of submarine
telegraph cable and has for its object the prevention of any twisting or wringing
asunder of the cable whilst being submerged or during the process of heaving in
for the purpose of repair or recovery.
Cables are sometimes abandoned because of the difficulties experienced in lifting
them from even moderate depths. In deep water the difficulties are almost
insurmountable The reason of this is, that the strands wires or fibre of which
the Cables are composed untwist or unlay when under strain during the process of
heaving in. This unlaying of the material from the Ships bow downwards causes
a large accumulation of twist in the Cable at and near the ocean bed, where the
strain being small and the Cable comparatively slack, kinks are consequently
formed, and the fabric is wrenched and torn asunder without any appreciable strain
being applied or indicated on board the Ship
The following description will explain the said improvements in constructing a
Cable, reference being made to the accompanying drawings.
From hemp, or other suitable fibre yarns are manufactured or spun into what is
technically called right hand and left hand lay or twist.
A portion of these yarns, say the right band are laid spirally around an insulated
conductor A Figure 1, in the manner shown at B, that is to say, the right hand
yarns are laid on so as to form a left hand layer or serving.
The next layer or serving is composed of left hand yarns laid on right handed
as shown at Č. Figure 1. This alternation of layers of right hand and left hand
yarns effectually prevents any twisting or wringing asunder of the material and
may be continued until the desired strength be attained.
By a modification shown in Figure 3 the same result is accomplished. The first
serving consists of right hand yarns made into strands which are consequently left
handed laid on right handed, the second serving of left hand yarns made into
strands right handed, and laid on left handed. Or the servings may be applied as
represented in Figure 5, in which the first serving consists of right hand yarns laid
on left handed, the second serving of right hand yarns made into left hand strands,
laid on right handed, and the third serving of right hand yarns laid on left
handed.
It will be understood that any of the servings represented in Figures 1, 3 and 5
may be reversed, that is to say, left may be substituted for right and right for left,
both in yarns and strands as shown in Figures 2, 4 and 6.
When desired jute yarn as a core serving or a metallic or a fibrous tape as a
core serving, or, as an outer serving for protection against the ravages of the teredo
or other marine animals may be employed and any bituminous compound or
marine glue or other analogous material may be used in any known and convenient
manner.
Having thus described and ascertained the nature of the said Invention and
the manner in which the same is to be performed I would observe in conclusion

page_text: that what I consider novel and original and therefore claim as constituting the
invention secured to me by the said hereinbefore in part recited Letters
Patent, is :-
The employment of right and left hand yarns and strands in the manufacture of
submarine telegraph cables, substantially as herein before set forth and described.
In witness whereof I the said. George Edward Vaughan have hereunto set my
hand and seal this fourth day of January in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and eighty three.
ARA
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