IMPROVEMENTS IN CRUSHING, DISINTE- GRATING, GRINDING, AND PULVERIZING MACHINERY; ALSO IN APPARATUS FOR SIFTING AND SCREENING, AND FOR DRIVING OR IMPARTING MOTION TO THE SAME
Year: 1878

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to George Ernest Sherwin, of Birmingham, in the County
of Warwick, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN CRUSHING, DISINTE-
GRATING, GRINDING, AND PULVERIZING MACHINERY; ALSO IN APPARATUS FOR
SIFTING AND SCREENING, AND FOR DRIVING OR IMPARTING MOTION TO THE
SAME."
Sealed the 18th June 1878, and dated the 5th February 1878.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said George Ernest Sherwin at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 5th February 1878.
GEORGE ERNEST SHERWIN, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick. "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN CRUSHING, DISINTEGRATING, GRINDING, AND PULVERIZING
MACHINERY; ALSO IN APPARATUS FOR SIFTING AND SCREENING, AND FOR DRIVING
OR IMPARTING MOTION TO THE SAME."
My Invention chiefly relates to improvements in the machines for which Letters
Patent were granted to me on the 30th day of December, 1876, No. 5056.
As the efficiency of these machines depends to a great extent upon the manner
in which the substance to be ground is fed into them, I find it advantageous to use
a self-acting feeding apparatus when practicable. Such apparatus must be made in
a form best suited to the material to be ground, but for such materials as grain,
seeds, or nuts, I use the following:-Attached to the feed hopper is a revolving:
disc or platform placed in a horizontal position. Over the centre of this disc I
place a pipe in an upright position and made adjustable, so as to regulate the space
between the bottom of this pipe and the top surface of disc. The material is fed
into this pipe and falls on to the disc, and by centrifugal force is thrown through
the space between this and the pipe to the periphery of disc, whence it falls into
the machine for reduction.
For other materials I find it advantageous to use breakers or riddles, but when-
ever a self-acting feed is used I find it desirable to place a worm or friction wheel
on the spindle, to which beaters and pulley are secured, motion being imparted to

page_text: the feeding apparatus, and also the screening and sifting apparatus, herein-after
described, by means of this worm or friction wheel, thereby dispensing with an
extra driving strap for these purposes.
When sufficiently reduced the material falls through the screens provided at the
periphery of beater chamber on to a revolving screen, which is attached to the
bottom half of disintegrator. This screen being inclined, the material falling in at
the end nearest beater chamber and passing over the mesh or net moves to opposite
end, unless it is fine enough to pass through. When the material reaches the end
of screen furthest away from beater chamber it falls into an elevator provided in
the screen, and thence into a conveyor revolving with it, which returns the material
again into beater chamber for further reduction.
In some cases the elevator and conveyor is not needed.
The material which passes through the mesh or net falls into a receptacle pro-
vided for the purpose, and the blast, which also passes through the net, is returned
again into disintegrator.
When revolving screens for coarse grinding are used, the segments or serrated
periphery of the beater chamber are used without screens placed between the teeth
or serrations, and these segments are made wedge shape, that is, tapering towards
the periphery, instead of being made perfectly flat, as hitherto. Thus the material
is more firmly held whilst the beaters reduce it. The sides forming wedges may be
either flat or circular.
Some materials are required to be reduced to flour or an impalpable powder,
and for such purposes the mesh or net is covered over or replaced by sheet iron or
an equivalent, which on the inside is provided with shelves to raise the material
from the bottom to the top as the screen revolves. When the material has reached
the top it falls by gravity again to the bottom, but the blast being conducted to
blow through the material as it falls, carries with it the fine particles through the
end of screen, which is left open for the purpose, into a chamber, the coarse particles
being returned again into the beater chamber through elevator and conveyor, as
before described, for further reduction.
:
This apparatus is more especially applicable for grinding large quantities to
powder, but when a machine of less capacity is required the construction is slightly
altered. An aperture is provided at the periphery of beater chamber, through which
the blast carries the small material against a baffle plate placed between casing of
machine and the segment or serrated periphery. The fine material is carried with
the blast through this plate over the top of segment, and deposited in the chamber.
If the material carried by the blast through the aperture at periphery is not fine
enough to pass through the baffle plate, it falls on to an inclined plane, down which
it passes again into beater chamber.
Materials differ in their density, and for the heaviest the baffle plate is not
required.
To lessen as much as is possible the expense of suitable driving gear for these
machines, I cast the two bearings carrying the short length of intermediate shaft in
one piece, the pulleys being attached to the shaft which runs freely in the aforesaid
bearings. The object of this is to do away with the labour hitherto necessary when
bearings carrying the counter or intermediate shaft were made separate the one from
the other.
Part of these improvements are applicable to other purposes and machines to
those herein specified.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said George Ernest Sherwin in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
3rd August 1878.
GEORGE ERNEST SHERWIN, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick. "IM- .
PROVEMENTS IN CRUSHING, DISINTEGRATING, GRINDING, AND PULVERIZING
MACHINERY; ALSO IN APPARATUS FOR SIFTING AND SCREENING, AND FOR DRIVING
OR IMPARTING MOTION TO THE SAME."
My Invention chiefly relates to improvements in the machines for which Letters
Patent were granted to me on the 30th day of December, 1876, No. 5056.
As the efficiency of these machines depends to a great extent upon the manner
in which the substance to be ground is fed into them, I find it advantageous to use
a self-acting feeding apparatus when applicable. Such apparatus must be made
in a form best suited to the material to be ground, but for such materials as grain,
seeds, or nuts, I use the following:-Attached to the feed hopper is a revolving disc
or platform placed in a horizontal position. Over the centre of this disc I place
a pipe in an upright position and made adjustable, so as to regulate the space
between the bottom of the pipe and the top surface of disc. The material is fed
into this pipe and falls on to the disc, and by centrifugal force is thrown through
the space between this and the pipe to the periphery of disc, whence it falls into the
machine for reduction.
For other materials I find it advantageous to use breakers or riddles, but when-
ever a self-acting feed is used, I find it desirable to place a worm or friction wheel
on the spindle, to which beaters and pulley are secured, motion being imparted to
the feeding apparatus, and also the screening and sifting apparatus. herein-after
described, by means of this worm or friction wheel, thereby dispensing with an
extra driving strap for these purposes.
When sufficiently reduced the material falls through the screens provided at the
periphery of beater chamber on to a revolving screen, which is attached to the
bottom half of disintegrator. This screen being inclined, the material falling in at
the ends nearest beater chamber, and passing over the mesh or net, moves to
the opposite end, unless it is fine enough to pass through. When the material
reaches the end of screen furthest away from beater chamber, it falls into an elevator
provided in the screen, and thence into a conveyor revolving with it, which returns
the material again into beater chamber for further reduction.
In some cases the elevator and conveyor are not needed.
The material which passes through the mesh or net falls into a receptacle pro-
vided for the purpose, and the blast, which also passes through the net, is returned
again into disintegrator.
When revolving screens for coarse grinding are used, the segments or serrated
periphery of the beater chamber are used without screens placed between the teeth
or serrations, and these segments are made wedge shape, that is, tapering towards
the periphery, instead of being made perfectly flat, as hitherto. Thus the material
is more firmly held whilst the beaters reduce it. The sides forming wedges may be
either flat or circular.
Some materials are required to be reduced to flour or an impalpable powder,
and for such purposes the mesh or net is covered over or replaced by sheet iron or
an equivalent, which on the inside is provided with shelves to raise the material
from the bottom to the top as the screen revolves. When the material has reached
the top it falls by gravity again to the bottom, but the blast being conducted to
blow through the material as it falls, carries with it the fine particles through the
end of screen, which is left open for the purpose, into a chamber, the coarse particles
being returned again into the beater chamber through elevator and conveyor, as
before described, for further reduction.
This apparatus is more especially applicable for grinding large quantities to
powder, but when a machine of less capacity is required, the construction is slightly

page_text: screen H around the baffle plate C, which delivers the material at one end of screen>
and when it reaches the other falls into the elevator, and thence into beater
chamber.
As the
When it is desired to reduce the material to an impalpable powder or flour,
instead of leaving apertures around the screen H a plate is used, provided with
shelves on the inside. These shelves elevate the materials as the screen revolves, the
material falling down by its gravity when it reaches the top of the screen.
material falls the blast carries away through the end of screen the fine particles,
and deposits them in a suitable receptacle, the coarser particles being returned
again into the mill for further reduction through the elevator and conveyor, as
before described.
I find it advantageous in some cases to enclose the screen H within a chamber,
in order that the blast which comes from the screen through apertures as the
material is returned again into the machine through a pipe L provided for the
purpose, the material being deposited in the chamber.
The various parts of the machine herein described may be sometimes used in
connection with other machines.
I am aware that the feeding apparatus described is not altogether novel, and I
am also aware that screens with elevators attached have also been used, therefore I
do not claim any of the parts separately, which are well known and in common
use, but what I claim is,-
First. The attachment to the spindle of a disintegrator of a worm wheel or
friction wheel for the purposes set forth, either separately or together, substantially
as herein-before described, and represented in the Drawings annexed.
Second. The improved arrangement and combination of the adjustable feeding
apparatus and disintegrator, substantially as herein-before described, and represented
in the Drawings annexed.
Third. The improved arrangement and combination of the screen, elevator, and
conveyor, substantially as herein-before described, and shown in the Drawings
annexed.
Fourth. The improved method of securing and arranging the screens on the outside
of the periphery of segment, substantially in the manner herein described, and shown
on the Drawings annexed.
Fifth. The improved arrangement of apparatus for sifting the materials, so as to
obtain a flour or impalpable powder, substantially in the manner herein described,
and shown on the Drawings annexed.
Sixth. The improved method of attaching a plain piece of metal to form the
wearing surface of the revolving beater arms, and so as to be readily renewed when
required, substantially in the manner herein-before described, and represented in the
Drawings annexed.
In witness whereof, I, the said George Ernest Sherwin, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Thirty-first day of July, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and seventy-eight.
GEORGE ERNEST SHERWIN. (L.S.)
Witness,
J. G. TONGUE,
Patent Agent,
34, Southampton Buildings,
W.C.