Improved Means to be Employed in the Purification of Water and other Liquids, and the Preparation and Treatment of Materials therefor.
Year: 1887

page_text: Date of Application, 25th May, 1887
Complete Left, 12th Nov., 1887
Complete Accepted, 20th Dec., 1887
Improved Means to be Employed in the Purification of Water and
other Liquids, and the Preparation and Treatment of Materials
therefor.
1, CARL JOHAN BÜHRING of the firm of C. Bühring & Company of 21 Spalding-
strasse, Hamburg in the Empire of Germany Manufacturers of Water Filtering and
Purifying Apparatus do hereby declare the nature of this Invention to be as
follows:-
My Invention has for its object to provide means whereby an efficient purification
of water or other liquids is attained by effecting the removal of all or practically all
the impurities whether they be mechanically suspended therein or chemically combined
therewith.
According to my invention the water or other liquid to be purified is caused to
pass through powdered, finely grained coarsely grained woven fibrous and solid
porous filtering materials prepared as hereinafter described each layer being com-
pressed by hydraulic or other great pressure and submitted to the action of intense
heat in air tight receptacles to ensure perfect carbonization, neutralization and mineral-
ization. The said materials consist of the purest calcined asbestos and thoroughly
refined perfectly carbonized and neutralized animal or vegetable charcoal or carbon
which I subject to treatment with muriatic or like acid whereby I separate from it
all soluable mineral and gaseous impurities. I then cleanse the charcoal or carbon so
treated with distilled water and subject it, to an intense heat say for at least twenty
four hours in an open pan. By this means I obtain a charcoalor carbon from which
are extracted all chemically combined impurities which ordinary charcoal retains
and communicates to the water or liquid passing through it such as phosphate
of magnesia and phosphates, sulphates and oxides of lime the porosity of my
improved charcoal or carbon being considerably increased and its decolouring
and clearing powers greatly intensified and the highest degree of neutraliza-
tion and mineralization thereof being obtained.-Charcoal or Carbon prepared
in my improved manner is stirred and mixed with dissolved pure bone glue
and boiling water and is made into a thick paste the process being performed at

page_text: boiling heat. This paste is then pressed by hydraulic or other heavy pressure into
the best and purest calcined woven fabric of asbestos so that the whole fabric
is thoroughly impregnated with the paste. The fabric so prepared is then subjected
to heat (say for forty eight hours) in a specially constructed furnace from which
atmospheric air is excluded and a pure carbon asbestos filtering medium of the finest
texture and porosity is obtained. The glue employed is by the carbonizing process
transformed into pure charcoal. The material can be made of any thickness required
by combining several layers adding a binding substance (such as pitch or tar) which
carbonizes and becomes transformed into charcoal during the heating process. Thin
or thick sheets or pieces of the material can be cut and moulded to any shape and
size. I may use the method of manufacture described in the Specifications of Patents
No. 3194 and 3164 of the year 1857. Or I may mould the blocks or plates hollow
with an internal receptacle which I fill with alternate compressed slabs of asbestos
and charcoal or with alternate cylindrical rings of compressed asbestos and compressed
charcoal with a cylindrical piece of either material in the centre. These blocks plates
or the like have the advantage of allowing extra dense layers of asbestos to be inserted
which under some circumstances is very desirable. I may fix or attach the blocks
or plates or the like made as described within filtering vessels or apparatus or the
inlet or outlet thereof or either both or all of them in any suitable way in the form
for example of rings, sheets wedges or the like of any suitable shape or size so as
to suit any particular application and they are a great improvement upon the methods
hitherto employed wherein materials such for example as sponge wood or cork are
employed as the latter are dangerous materials to use in connection with a filter.
Dated this 25th day of May 1887.

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improved Means to be Employed in the Purification of Water and
other Liquids, and the Preparation and Treatment of Materials
therefor.
I, CARL JOHAN BÜHRING, of the Firm of C. Bühring & Company, of 21 Spalding-
strasse, Hamburg, in the Empire of Germany, Manufacturers, of Water filtering and
purifying Apparatus, do hereby declare the nature of this Invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in
and by the following statement :-
My Invention has for its object to provide means whereby an efficient purification
of water or other liquids is attained by effecting the removal of all or practically all
the impurities whether they be mechanically suspended therein or chemically com-
bined therewith.
According to my Invention I provide for the water or other liquid to be purified
to pass through powdered; finely-grained; coarsely-grained; woven fibrous; and
solid porous; filtering materials, prepared as hereinafter described, each layer being
compressed by hydraulic or other great pressure and submitted to the action of intense
heat in air-tight receptacles to ensure perfect carbonization and neutralization or
removal of any mineral or other impurities therein, which liquids in passing there-
through could dissolve or extract. The said materials consist of the purest asbestos
which has been thoroughly purified by being exposed to great heat preferably in an
open pan and of thoroughly refined perfectly carbonized and neutralized or purified
animal or vegetable charcoal or carbon which neutralization or purification I effect
by subjecting it to treatment with muriatic or like acid whereby I separate from it all
soluble mineral and gaseous impurities. I then wash or cleanse the charcoal or carbon
so treated with distilled water and then I subject it to an intense heat say for at least
24 hours preferably in an open pan. By this means I obtain a charcoal or carbon
from which are removed or expelled all chemically combined impurities (such as
phosphate of magnesia and phosphates, sulphates and oxides of lime) which ordinary
charcoal contains and communicates to the water or liquid passing through it, the
porosity of my improved charcoal or carbon being considerably increased and its
decolouring and clearing powers greatly intensified (over those qualities in ordinary
charcoal) and the highest degree of neutralization or purification thereof being
obtained. Charcoal or carbon prepared in my improved manner is stirred and mixed
with dissolved pure bone glue and boiling water and is made into a thick paste the
process being performed at boiling heat. This paste is then pressed by hydraulic or
other heavy pressure into the best and purest calcined woven fabric of asbestos
so that the whole fabric is thoroughly impregnated and covered with the paste.
The fabric so prepared is then subjected to heat (say for forty-eight hours) in
a furnace from which atmospheric air is excluded and a pure compound material
of carbon-asbestos filtering medium of the finest texture and porosity is obtained.
The glue employed is by the carbonizing process transformed into pure charcoal.

page_text: The material can be made of any thickness required by combining several layers
by means of a binding substance (such as pitch or tar) which carbonizes and
becomes transformed into charcoal during the heating process. Thin or thick
sheets or pieces of the material can be cut and moulded to any shape and
size. I may use the method of manufacture described in the Specifications of
Patents Nos. 3194 and 3164 of the year 1857, but employing a mixture of charcoal
or carbon and asbestos both treated as hereinbefore described. Or I may mould the
blocks or plates hollow with an internal receptacle in which I place alternate com-
pressed slabs of the asbestos' and charcoal or carbon or alternate cylinders or rings
or the like of compressed asbestos and compressed charcoal or carbon with a
cylindrical or other shaped piece of either material in the centre. These blocks plates
or the like have the advantage of allowing layers of asbestos of extra density to be
inserted, which, under some circumstances is very desirable. I may fix or attach the
blocks or plates and any parts which require to be attached or fixed within or to the
filtering vessels or apparatus, either to the inlet or the outlet thereof by means of
asbestos in the form of rings, sheets, wedges, or the like, of any suitable shape or size
so as to suit any particular application. This is a great improvement upon the use
of the materials such, for example, as sponge wood or cork hitherto used for fixing or
securing such parts, as the latter are objectionable materials to use in connection with
a filter.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my Invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what i claim is :-
1. For filtering purposes charcoal or carbon prepared and purified as herein before
described with asbestos treated and made into a compound with the charcoal or carbon
substantially as herein before described.
2. The treatment and purification of charcoal substantially as and for the purpose
hereinbefore described.
3. A material for filtering purposes consisting of charcoal prepared and made into
a paste as herein before described and then pressed into or incorporated with asbestos
fabric and subjected to heat substantially as hereinbefore described in combination or
not with pitch tar or the like.
4. A filtering medium composed of charcoal and asbestos as herein before described
and claimed made hollow and containing asbestos and charcoal substantially as
hereinbefore described.
Dated this 10th day of November 1887.

page_text: This Specification was, upon the 14th day of August 1888, amended under
Sections 18 to 21 of the Patents, Designs, and Trade Marks Act, 1883.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improved Means to be Employed in the Purification of Water and
other Liquids, and the Preparation and Treatment of Materials
therefor.
1, CARL JOHAN BÜHRING of the firm of C. Bühring & Company of 21 Spalding-
strasse, Hamburg in the Empire of Germany Manufacturers of Water Filtering and
Purifying Apparatus do hereby declare the nature of this Invention to be as
follows
My Invention has for its object to provide means whereby an efficient purification
of water or other liquids is attained by effecting the removal of all or practically all
the impurities whether they be mechanically suspended therein or chemically combined
therewith.
According to my invention the water or other liquid to be purified is caused to
pass through powdered, finely grained coarsely grained woven fibrous and solid
porous filtering materials prepared as hereinafter described each layer being com-
pressed by hydraulic or other great pressure and submitted to the action of intense
heat in air tight receptacles to ensure perfect carbonization, neutralization and mineral-
ization. The said materials consist of the purest calcined asbestos and thoroughly
refined perfectly carbonized and neutralized animal or vegetable charcoal or carbon
which I subject to treatment with muriatic or like acid whereby 1 separate from it
all soluble mineral and gaseous impurities. I then cleanse the charcoal or carbon so
treated with distilled water and subject it to an intense heat say for at least twenty
four hours in an open pan. By this means I obtain a charcoal or carbon from which
are extracted all chemically combined impurities which ordinary charcoal retains
and communicates to the water or liquid passing through it such as phosphate
of magnesia and phosphates, sulphates and oxides of lime, the porosity of my
improved charcoal or carbon being considerably increased and its decolouring
and clearing powers greatly intensified and the highest degree of neutraliza-
tion and mineralization thereof being obtained.-Charcoal or Carbon prepared
in my improved manner is stirred and mixed with dissolved pure bone glue
and boiling water and is made into a thick paste the process being performed at

page_text: boiling heat. This paste is then pressed by hydraulic or other heavy pressure into
the best and purest calcined woven fabric of asbestos so that the whole fabric
is thoroughly impregnated with the paste. The fabric so prepared is then subjected
to heat (say for forty eight hours) in a specially constructed furnace from which
atmospheric air is excluded and a pure carbon asbestos filtering medium of the finest
texture and porosity is obtained. The glue employed is by the carbonizing process
transformed into pure charcoal. The material can be made of any thickness required
by combining several layers adding a binding substance (such as pitch or tar) which
carbonizes and becomes transformed into charcoal during the heating process. Thin
or thick sheets or pieces of the material can be cut and moulded to any shape and
size. I may use the method of manufacture described in the Specifications of Patents
No. 3194 and 3164 of the year 1857. Or I may mould the blocks or plates hollow
with an internal receptacle which I fill with alternate compressed slabs of asbestos
and charcoal or with alternate cylindrical rings of compressed asbestos and compressed
charcoal with a cylindrical piece of either material in the centre. These blocks plates
or the like have the advantage of allowing extra dense layers of asbestos to be inserted
which under some circumstances is very desirable. I may fix or attach the blocks
or plates or the like made as described within filtering vessels or apparatus or the
inlet or outlet thereof or either both or all of them in any suitable way in the form
for example of rings, sheets wedges or the like of any suitable shape or size so as
to suit any particular application and they are a great improvement upon the methods
hitherto employed wherein materials such for example as sponge wood or cork are
employed as the latter are dangerous materials to use in connection with a filter.
Dated the oth no. of M 1007
J. H. JOHNSON & Co.,
47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, W.C.,
Agents.

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION (AMENDED).
Improved Means to be Employed in the Purification of Water and
other Liquids, and the Preparation and Treatment of Materials
therefor.
I, CARL JOHAN BÜHRING, of the Firm of C. Bühring & Company, of 21 Spalding-
strasse, Hamburg, in the Empire of Germany, Manufacturers, of Water filtering and
purifying Apparatus, do hereby declare the nature of this Invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in
and by the following statement:-
My Invention has for its object to provide means whereby an efficient purification
of water or other liquids is attained by effecting the removal of all or practically all
the impurities whether they be mechanically suspended therein or chemically com-
bined therewith.
According to my Invention I provide for the water or other liquid to be purified
to pass through, powdered; finely-grained; coarsely-grained; woven fibrous; and
solid porous; filtering materials, prepared as hereinafter described, each layer being
compressed by hydraulic or other great pressure and submitted to the action of intense
heat in air-tight receptacles to ensure perfect carbonization and neutralization or
removal of any mineral or other impurities therein, which liquids in passing there-
through could dissolve or extract. The said materials consist of the purest asbestos
which has been thoroughly purified by being exposed to great heat preferably in an
open pan and of thoroughly refined perfectly carbonized and neutralized or purified
animal or vegetable charcoal or carbon which neutralization or purification I effect
by subjecting it to treatment with muriatic or like acid whereby I separate from it all
soluble mineral and gaseous impurities. I then wash or cleanse the charcoal or carbon
so treated with distilled water and then I subject it to an intense heat say for at least
24 hours preferably in an open pan. By this means I obtain a charcoal or carbon
from which are removed or expelled all chemically combined impurities (such as
phosphate of magnesia and phosphates, sulphates and oxides of lime) which ordinary
charcoal contains and communicates to the water or liquid passing through it, the
porosity of my improved charcoal or carbon being considerably increased and its
decolouring and clearing powers greatly intensified (over those qualities in ordinary
charcoal) and the highest degree of neutralization or purification thereof being
obtained. Charcoal or carbon prepared in my improved manner is stirred and mixed
with dissolved pure bone glue and boiling water and is made into a thick paste the
process being performed at boiling heat. This paste is then pressed by hydraulic or
other heavy pressure into the best and purest calcined woven fabric of asbestos
so that the whole fabric is thoroughly impregnated and covered with the paste.
The fabric so prepared is then subjected to heat (say for forty-eight hours) in
a furnace from which atmospheric air is excluded and a pure compound material
of carbon-asbestos filtering medium of the finest texture and porosity is obtained.
The glue employed is by the carbonizing process transformed into pure charcoal.

page_text: The material can be made of any thickness required by combining several layers
by means of a binding substance (such as pitch or tar) which carbonizes and
becomes transformed into charcoal during the heating process. Thin or thick
sheets or pieces of the material can be cut and moulded to any shape and
size. I may use the method of manufacture described in the Specifications of
Patents Nos. 3194 and 3164 of the year 1857, but employing a mixture of charcoal
or carbon and asbestos both treated as hereinbefore described. Or I may mould the
blocks or plates hollow with an internal receptacle in which I place alternate com-
pressed slabs of the asbestos and charcoal or carbon or alternate cylinders or rings
or the like of compressed asbestos and compressed charcoal or carbon with a
cylindrical or other shaped piece of either material in the centre. These blocks plates
or the like have the advantage of allowing layers of asbestos of extra density to be
inserted, which, under some circumstances is very desirable. I may fix or attach the
blocks or plates and any parts which require to be attached or fixed within or to the
filtering vessels or apparatus, either to the inlet or the outlet thereof by means of
asbestos in the form of rings, sheets, wedges, or the like, of any suitable shape or size
so as to suit any particular application. This is a great improvement upon the use
of the materials such, for example, as sponge wood or cork hitherto used for fixing or
securing such parts, as the latter are objectionable materials to use in connection with
a filter.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my Invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I claim is :-
-
1. For filtering purposes charcoal or carbon prepared and purified as hereinbefore
described with asbestos treated and made into a compound with the charcoal or carbon
substantially as hereinbefore described.
2. The treatment and purification of charcoal substantially as and for the purpose
hereinbefore described.
3. 2. A material for filtering purposes consisting of charcoal prepared and made into
a paste as herein before described and then pressed into or incorporated with asbestos
fabric and subjected to heat substantially as herein before described in combination or
not with pitch tar or the like.
4. 3. A filtering medium composed of charcoal and asbestos as hereinbefore described
and claimed made hollow and containing asbestos and charcoal substantially as
herein before described.
Dated this 10th day of November 1887.