IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR HEATING AND WARMING RAILWAY CARRIAGES BY STEAM
Year: 1875

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Jolin Pecrs Scott, of Manchester, in the County
of Lancaster, Engineer and Exporter of Machinery, for the Inven-
tion of "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR HEATING AND WARMING
RAILWAY CARRIAGES BY STEAM."-A communication from abroad by
John Haag, of Augsburg, in the Kingdom of Bavaria, Machinist
and Tube Manufacturer.
Sealed the 25th March 1875, and dated the 21st January 1875.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Peers Scott at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 21st January 1875.
I, JOHN PEERS SCOTT, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster,
Engineer and Exporter of Machinery, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR HEATING AND
WARMING RAILWAY CARRIAGES BY STEAM," being a communication to me
from abroad by John Haag, of Augsburg, in the Kingdom of Bavaria,
Machinist and Tube Manufacturer, to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in the application of wrought-iron tubes welded
at both ends, and with a flange in the middle of the tubes in which the

page_text: regulating valves are connected; also in constructing the regulating
steam valve so that it can be opened and shut inside the compartments
of the carriages by the lever of a quadrant motion; also in introducing
the steam into warming tubes placed under the seats in the carriages,
and in discharging the condensed water from the same aperture; also in
a self-acting valve which is placed between the two carriages in the
middle of the india-rubber connecting hose which allows the water and
air to escape; also in making all the joints of the warming apparatus of
solid metal, thereby dispensing with cement or india-rubber packing.
The carriages are connected by flexible hose with a screw at each end
which can be coupled and uncoupled quickly.
The steam comes from the locomotive or from a separate boiler and
circulates through india-rubber hose into the tubes under the carriages,
and from these tubes the steam passes into the warming tubes under the
seats inside the compartments. Each steam tube under the carriages
has two cocks which must be shut off when an india-rubber hose or a
carriage is changed. At the last carriage of a train there is a small
cock behind the larger ones which must be always open during the
whole journey, so that the condensed water of the circulating steam may
escape into the air by means of this aperture.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said John Peers Scott in the Great Scal Patent Office
on the 3rd July 1875.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOHN
PEERS SCOTT, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Engineer and
Exporter of Machinery, send greeting..
C
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-first day of January, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-five, in the
thirty-eighth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and suc-
cessors, give and grant unto me, the said John Peers Scott, Her
special licence that I, the said John Peers Scott, my executors, admi-
nistrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said John Peers Scott,

page_text: reduce the pressure of the steam before it passes through the pipes e
towards the carriages to be heated. The horizontal portion of the pipe e
passing through the tender is surrounded by a casing to prevent or
reduce condensation, and between the tender and the locomotive engine
is the flexible connecting pipe f with a union joint at each end for
coupling or uncoupling the pipes c. The connection between the
tender and the first passenger carriage is made by means of the india-
rubber hose g, one end of which is fixed to the stop cock h at the end of
the pipe e, and the other end to the self-acting valve i, through which
the air and condensed steam escape; this valve will be more fully
described hereafter, and a similar valve is placed under the footboard of
the locomotive.
On Sheet 2 Fig. 4 is a longitudinal section of a railway carriago
with first and second class compartments to which my improved warming
apparatus is applied; Fig. 5 is a transverse section; and Fig. 6, a plan
of part of the same. The pipe e is placed by preference in a box under
the framing of the carriage, and it is raised in the middle so that it slants
towards each end to facilitate the escape of the water of condensation
through the valves i, i. Under each seat of the carriage is a wrought
iron tube, which forms a reservoir for the steam, and the peculiar con-
struction of which will be described hereafter. The steam from the
pipe e is conveyed to the tubes k by the branch pipes e¹, which are pro-
vided with regulating taps 7, the plugs of these taps are connected to the
quadrant motion m by the links n which pass along the backs of the
seats to near the top of the carriage; by this arrangement the passengers
can regulate the admission of steam to the tubes k, and consequently the
warmth in the compartment, at pleasure. In some cases the quadrant
motion m is taken to the outside of the carriage, as shewn in dotted lines
in Fig. 5, so that the heat may be regulated by the guard in charge of
the train. The tubes / may also be placed lengthwise of the carriage
instead of transversely, as shewn.
On Sheet 3 Figs. 7 and 8 represent the heating tube k and parts
connected therewith drawn full size. The tube is made of wrought iron
with the ends welded on, and with a flange in the middle to which the
pipe e¹ is connected. The ends of the tube & are higher than the middle
to facilitate the escape of the water of condensation which runs off at the
same aperture as the steam enters. The end of the pipe e' is tapered to
fit in a taper recess in the flange of the tube k, and a conical washer of

page_text: copper or other suitable metal is introduced between the end of the pipe e'
and the said recess, thereby forming a solid metal joint and dispensing
with cement, or india-rubber, or other packing. The steam issuing from
the pipe e¹ enters the perforated pipe e² placed within the tube k, and in
some cases the steam is conveyed from the pipe e' into a horizontal pipe
within the tube k.
Fig. 9 represents the self-acting valve i, which is placed between the
carriages in the middle of the india-rubber hose g to allow the water and
air to escape; this valve opens inwards, and is opened by the pressure of
the atmosphere when the steam is shut off.
On Sheet 4 Fig. 10 is an elevation, and Fig. 11 a plan, of a detached
apparatus for generating steam for warming railway carriages; this
apparatus may be placed in the guard's van, or in a separate truck. The
apparatus consists of an ordinary vertical boiler o, which is supplied
with water from the tank p by the hand pump, and the tank is filled
at the stations from the ordinary water cranes; the steam generated is
conveyed through the double branch pipe q to the pipes e, which are
connected, as before described, to the heating tubes % in the carriages.
The draught in the chimney may be increased by a jet of steam issuing
from the pipe 8. The boiler is supplied with glass water gauge, blow-off
cock, and other appliances, as in ordinary boilers, or the pipes e and the
tubes may be supplied with steam from stationary boilers at the various
stations along the line of railway. At the last carriage of a train there
is a small cock behind the larger ones, which must be always open
during the whole journey, so that the condensed water of the circulating
steam may escape into the air.
Having thus stated the nature and particulars of the Invention com-
municated to me from abroad by the said John Haag I declare that I
claim,―
First. The general arrangement of the apparatus for heating and
warming railway carriages by steam, as shewn and described.
Secondly. Constructing the heating tubes with welded ends and middle
flange, as shewn and described.
Thirdly. Constructing and arranging the valve for regulating the
temperature inside the compartments of the carriages, as shown and
described.

page_text: Fourthly. Constructing the heating tubes so that the steam is
admitted and the water of condensation is discharged from the same
aperture.
Fifthly. The application of the self-acting escape valves for dis-
charging air and water, as shewn and described.
Sixthly. The metallic joint shewn and described, whereby cement or
other packing is dispensed with.
Seventhly. The application of a separate apparatus to generate the
steam required for heating railway-carriages, as shewn and described.
And, lastly. The application of a small cock at the end of the train 1
to discharge the water of condensation, as described.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Peers Scott, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this First day of July, One thousand eight
hundred and seventy-five.