IMPROVEMENTS IN ROTARY PUMPS AND ENGINES
Year: 1876

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James Ronald Martin, of Shoreditch, in the County of
Middlesex, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN ROTARY PUMPS AND
ENGINES."
aled the 23rd March 1877, and dated the 7th October 1876.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James Ronald Martin at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 7th October 1876.
JAMES RONALD MARTIN, of Shoreditch, in the County of Middlesex.
MENTS IN ROTARY PUMPS AND ENGINES."
८८
IMPROVE-
This Invention relates to certain improvements in rotary engines and pumps
worked by steam or other power for raising or forcing water or other liquids, or for
ventilation by forcing or exhausting air, the said improvements consisting in the
employment or use of rings in connection with the sliding pieces or strips forming
the piston in such manner that the friction between the piston and interior of
cylinder in rotary pumps and engines, exhausters, blowers, &c, is entirely avoided
by reason of the rings revolving with the piston slides, and not bearing on any
stationary or fixed part for the purpose of keeping the piston slides to or against
the interior of the cylinder.
The rings may be made of different materials and of various shapes, and may be
cut or solid, preferably cut at an angle similar to ordinary piston rings, thus
forming an elastic bearing for the piston slides. Further, by using these rotary
piston rings, the piston or piston slides may be tightened up at any time at no cost
of material. The rings may also be fixed to the cylinder covers, but it is preferable
to have them loose.
The piston slides may also have pins or studs fitted to them to cause the rings
to revolve with the piston, but this is not necessary to the efficient working of the
Invention.
The ring may be made of any suitable diameter, width, or thickness, and may be
square, hexagon, octagon, or of any number of sides, and it may be fitted with one
or more fixed or moveable studs for the purpose of carrying the piston slides and
keeping them in contact with the bore of the cylinder, thus forming a steam-
tight or water-tight joint, which is at the same time elastic, owing to the

page_text: ring being cut through, but a plain round ring cut through or solid is to be
preferred.
The rings may be made of iron, steel, gun metal, brass, wood of any description,
india-rubber, or of any substance which will support the piston slides or working
parts.
-The
The piston slides may be advantageously made in the following manner :-
flat steel or other material required to be planed or ground on its two flat sides, and
turned or shaped on its edges to a radius which must always be of half the width
of the slide, whatever that width may be, then to be cut off to the required
length and recessed at each end on the inner or hollow edge, a hole being bored at
each recess to receive a T shaped steel stud, preferably of hardened steel, but the
stud may be of other material. Springs may be let into the holes so that the studs
resting or bearing on the rings will keep the piston against the interior circumference
of the cylinder, thus forming an easy and elastic steam or water-tight joint. A
piston slide of the above description seldom or never requires to be replaced, as it is
only the shaped stud which has any bearing, and this at any time can be renewed
at small cost.
Rings may also be used fitted with any number of fixed or moveable studs in or
on the rim, and the slides may be cut with a hollow groove to receive the studs on
the rings, or fixed or moveable hollow studs may be placed in or on the slides to
receive the studs on the ring.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by the
said James Ronald Martin in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 6th April
1877.
"
JAMES RONALD MARTIN, of Shoreditch, in the County of Middlesex. IMPROVE-
MENTS IN ROTARY PUMPS AND ENGINES."
This Invention relates to certain improvements in rotary engines and pumps
worked by steam or other power by raising or forcing water or other liquids, or for
ventilation by forcing or exhausting air, the said improvements consisting in the
employment or use of rings in connection with the sliding pieces or strips forming
the piston in such manner that the friction between the piston and interior of
cylinder in rotary pumps and engines, exhausters, blowers, &c, is entirely avoided
by reason of the rings revolving with the piston slides, and not bearing on any
stationary or fixed part for the purpose of keeping the piston slides to or against the
interior of the cylinder.
The rings may be made of different materials and of various shapes, and may be
cut or solid, preferably cut at an angle similar to ordinary piston rings, thus forming
an elastic bearing for the piston slides; further, by using these rotary piston rings
the piston or piston slides may be tightened up at any time at no cost of material.
The rings may also be fixed to the cylinder covers, but it is preferable to have them
loose.
The piston slides may also have pins or studs fitted to them to cause the rings to
revolve with the piston, but this is not necessary to the efficient working of the
Invention.
The rings may be made of any suitable diameter, width, or thickness, and may be
square, hexagon, octagon, or of any number of sides, and may be fitted with one or
more fixed or moveable studs for the purpose of carrying the piston slides and
keeping them in contact with the bore of the cylinder, thus forming a steam-
tight or water-tight joint, which is at the same time elastic, owing to the ring
being cut through, but a plain round ring cut through or solid is to be preferred.
The rings may be made of iron, steel, gun metal, brass, wood of any description,
india-rubber, or of any substance which will support the piston slides or working
parts.

page_text: The piston slides may be advantageously made in the following manner :-The
flat steel or other material required is to be planed or ground on its two flat sides,
and turned or shaped on its edges to a radius which must always be of half the
width of the slide whatever that width may be, then to be cut off to the required
length, and recessed at each end on the inner or hollow edge, a hole being bored at
each recess to receive a T shaped steel stud, preferably of hardened steel, but the
stud may be of other material. Springs may be let into the holes so that the studs
resting or bearing on the rings will keep the piston against the interior circum-
ference of the cylinder, thus forming an easy and elastic steam or water-tight joint.
A piston slide of the above description seldom or never requires to be replaced, as it
is only the T shaped stud which has any bearing, and this at any time can be
renewed at small cost.
Rings may also be used fitted with any number of fixed or moveable studs in or
on the rim, and the slides may be cut with a hollow groove to receive the studs on
the rings, or fixed or moveable hollow studs may be placed in or on the slides to
receive the studs on the ring.
For the better comprehension of the Invention I have hereunto annexed a Sheet
of Drawings, of which the following is an explanation:-
Fig. 1 shews a rotatory pump with its internal fittings cut crosswise through the
middle of its length; A is the elastic packing ring placed at the end or next to the
covers of the cylinder; B are the sliding pieces (of which three are shewn in cross
section) which bear outwardly against the inner circumference of the pump and
inwardly against the elastic packing ring; C is the body of the piston; D is
the open space through which the liquid or semi-liquid passes through the
pump.
Fig. 2 shews the same rotatory pump cut lengthwise through the centre; E shews
the studs set in the sliding pieces. The other parts are lettered as in Fig. 1.
Figs. 3 and 4 are respectively front and side views of the elastic ring A.
Figs. 5 and 6, similar views of the many descriptions of clastic rings which may
be used in lieu of that shewn at Figs. 3 and 4.
Figs. 7 and 8 are respectively side and end views of the sliding pieces.
Having now described the nature and object of my said Invention of improve-
ments in rotary pumps and engines together with the manner in which the same
may be performed, I wish it to be understood that I claim the employment of the
elastic rings described, as also the method of constructing revolving pistons for
rotatory engines and pumps, substantially as herein set forth and shewn.
In witness whereof, I, the said Janes Ronald Martin, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, the Twenty-sixth day of March, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and seventy-seven.
Witness,
ALEX. C. M. PRINCE,
Office for Patents,
9, Adam Street,
Adelphi.
J. R. MARTIN. (L.S.)