IMPROVEMENTS IN COMPOSITIONS OR COATINGS TO ACT AS NON-CONDUCTORS OF DEAT
Year: 1884

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
I, EDWARD CHARLES CORTIS STANFORD, of Dalmuir, in the County of.
Dumbarton, North Britain, Manufacturing Chemist, do hereby declare the nature
of my said invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN COMPOSITIONS OR COATINGS TO
ACT AS NON-CONDUCTORS OF DEAT" to be as follows, that, is to say :—
My said Invention relates to compositions or coatings which are modifications of
or improvements on those described in the Specification of my Patent No 2132
of 1882.
By my present Invention, where very high temperatures are required to be
provided for as with the uptakes and smoke stacks of marine and other boilers, in
which cases the best kinds of charcoal cannot be employed in the coatings hitherto
in use, on account of its liability to take fire, I use silicate of soda, or of potash, or
of ammonia as a medium for agglutinating, the materials forming the coatings.
The composition made by mixing a solution of one of the silicates mentioned with
any kind of charcoal cannot be set fire to, and has the further advantage of being
waterproof after having been dried.
The silicate solution may be used alone, with wood, peat, seaweed, or other
charcoal or form of carbon, when very quick setting is not required. I however
prefer to add to the mixture a little lime, magnesia, alumina, or silica, in powder,
with which addition the composition sets like cement, and does not require the
surface on which it is put to be heated during the application. My improved
composition or coating may either form the entire covering of the surface to be
protected from the loss of heat by radiation, or it may be applied as a last or outer
coating over any ordinary composition. Or the composition when ground fine may
be applied as a paint or like tar. Substances to give color may be mixed with the
other ingredients, proference being given to such as will make the composition as
white as possible with the view of thereby minimising the radiation of heat from
its outer surface. In some cases successive coatings of the silicate compound may
be applied each coating being washed over with solution of chloride of calcium
before applying the next.
Blocks or slabs of the composition may be formed by casting in moulds, and may
be used for lining, or covering walls, floors, or furnaces.

page_text: The proportions of the ingredients employed in making my improved composition
may be varied according to different circumstances or requirements; it is however
an important advantage of it that a large proportion of charcoal may be employed,
and the composition be thereby rendered the better non-conductor. The composition
presents a hard, smooth, glassy surface, and is unacted on by fire, water, or acids so
that it is practically indestructible; whilst the coatings made with it may be of
half the usual thickness and are extremely light.
The application of the silicate solution or its combination with the other
ingredients is the distinctive feature of my present Invention; my Invention
however also includes the combination with the charcoal, and silicato solution of
any one or more of the following substances, namely,-felt; kieselguhr (infusorial
carth) slag wool, asbestos, wood or paper pulp, and sawdust.

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
I, EDWARD CHARLES CORTIS STANFORD, of Dalmuir, in the County of
Dumbarton, North Britain, Manufacturing Chemist, do hereby declare the nature
of my said invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN COMPOSITIONS OR COATINGS TO ACT
AS NON-CONDUCTORS OF HEAT" and in what manner the same is to be performed,
to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement,
that is to say :-
My said Invention relates to compositions or coatings which are modifications of
or improvements on those described in the Specification of my patent Nº 2132.
of 1882.
By my present Invention, where very high temperatures are required to be
provided for as with the uptakes and smoke stacks of marine and other boilers, in
which cases the best kinds of charcoal cannot be employed in the coatings hitherto
in use, on account of its liability to take fire, I use silicate of soda, or of potash, or
of ammonia as a medium for agglutinating the materials forming the coatings.
The composition made by mixing a solution of one of the silicates mentioned with
any kind of charcoal cannot be set fire to, and has the further advantage of being
waterproof after having been dried.
The silicate solution may be used alone, with wood, peat, seaweed, or other.
charcoal or form of carbon, when very quick setting is not required. I however
prefer to add to the mixture a little lime, magnesia, alumina, or silica, in powder,
with which addition the composition sets liko cement, and does not require tho
surface on which it is put to be heated during the application. My improved
composition or coating may either form the entire covering of the surface to be
protected from the loss of heat by radiation, or it may be applied as a last or outer
coating over any other suitable composition such as any of those described in my
earlier Specification herein before referred to. Or the composition when ground fine
may be applied to the surface as a paint or like tar. Substances to give color may
be mixed with the other ingredients, preference being' given to such as will make
the composition. as wbite as possible with the view of thereby minimising the
radiation of heat from its outer surface, whilst the carbon diminishes the conduction
of heat through the coating. In some cases successive coatings of the silicate
compound inay be applied each coating being washed over with solution of chloride
of calcium before applying the next.
Blocks or slabs of the composition may be formed by casting in moulds, and may
be used for lining, or covering walls, floors, or furnaces, or for covering pipes or
other parts difficult of access in the ordinary way.
The proportions of the ingredients employed in making my improved composition
may be varied according to different circumstances or requirements; it is however
an important advantage of it that a large proportion of the best charcoal may be
employed, and the composition be thereby rendered the better non-conductor.
I believe that about the best quality of my improved composition is such as is
obtained by mixing powdered wood charcoal with a solution of silicate of soda of

page_text: strength of 100 degrees, Twaddell, such solution being in quantity sufficient to
make a plastic mass of about the consistency of ordinary freshly made mortar.
A final coating of a white or light color may be applied, such coating consisting by
preference of a suitablo white or light powder mixed with silicate of soda. The
composition presents a hard, smooth, glassy surface, and is unacted on by fire,
water, or acids so that it is practically indestructible; whilst the coatings made
with it may be of half the usual thickness and are extremely light.
The application of the silicate solution or its combination with the other
ingredients is the distinctive feature of my present Invention; my Invention
however also includes the combination with the charcoal and silicate solution of
any one or more of the following substances, namely:-felt, kieselguhr (infusorial
earth), slag wool, asbestos, wood or paper pulp, and sawdust.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
Invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim is
"
1. The use of a solution of a silicate for agglutinating charcoal or other form of
carbon in making compositions or coatings to act as non-conductors of heat, sub-
stantially as herein before described.
2. The combination of felt, kiesolguhr, slag wool, asbestos, wood or paper pulp,
or sawdust, or any two or more of these substances with charcoal or carbon and a
silicate solution in making compositions or coatings to act as non-conductors of
heat, substantially as hereinbefore described.
,