IMPROVE- MENTS IN MACHINES FOR CRUSHING BONES AND OTHER HARD SUBSTANCES
Year: 1878

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Thomas Archer, junior, of the Dunston Engine Works,
Dunston, in the County of Durham, Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN MACHINES FOR CRUSHING BONES AND OTHER HARD SUBSTANCES."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Thomas Archer at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 14th May 1878.
THOMAS ARCHER, junior, of the Dunston Engine Works, Dunston, in the County
of Durham, Engineer. IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINES FOR CRUSHING BONES
AND OTHER HARD SUBSTANCES."
My Invention has for its object the adaptation of the parts of the crushing
apparatus to the purpose of crushing bones and other substances requiring similar
treatment.
And my Invention consists in the combination of a revolving roller with a squeezer,
such squeezer having imparted to it a crank motion, applied at the top (by means
of an eccentric on the driving shaft) in such a manner as to give to the squeezer a
downward motion, and at the same time a forward motion, thereby clawing and
breaking the bones or other substances in its downward motion, as they pass down
in the space between the roller and squeezer, and are carried round by the turning
of the roller.
The operating surfaces of the roller and the squeezer respectively are fluted or
serrated, and are arranged so that the projections on the one can pass into the
spaces on the other, and be thereby caused to act as required on the bones or other
substances introduced into the kind of hopper formed by the combination of the
revolving roller and the moveable squeezer. This movable squeezer consists of a
vertical plate curved at the upper part, and having a fluted or serrated face of hard
chilled iron or steel, such plate being bolted or fixed to a carrier, the upper part

page_text: of which receives motion from the revolution of an excentric fixed on the driving
shaft, and the lower part is forked, so as to be capable of motion on a spindle fitted
in the frame of the machine, by which spindle the said lower part of the carrier is
kept in position as required.
The spindle is fitted with a weighted safety lever or spring, so as to allow the
squeezer to yield slightly, in the event of a piece of iron or other hard substanco
getting between the roller and the squeezer.
The roller is driven at a reduced speed as required by means of a pinion on the
driving shaft gearing with a spur wheel on the boss of which is cast an excentric,
which, on revolving with the wheel, forces a pinion into the teeth of an internal
toothed wheel on the shaft of the roller. This last-mentioned pinion is prevented
from turning by means of retaining pins passed through the holes in the pinion of
sufficient diameter to allow for the throw of the excentric, and the said internal
wheel by having a tooth more than in the pinion is caused to revolve once for the
number of revolutions of the excentric, corresponding with the number of teeth 1
in the internal wheel, thereby giving a slow revolving motion to the roller as
required.
A pair of grinding rollers are or may be applied to the machine underneath
the crushing apparatus formed by the said roller and squeezer, such rollers having
fitted to them a safety lever to allow of their yielding to any hard substance as 2
required.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Thomas Archer in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 14th Novem-
ber 1878.
THOMAS ARCHER, junior, of the Dunston Engine Works, Dunston, in the County
of Durham, Engineer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINES FOR CRUSHING BONES
AND OTHER HARD SUBSTANCES."
My Invention of "Improvements in Machines for Crushing Bones and other
Hard Substances" has for its object the adaptation of the parts of the crushing
apparatus to the purpose of crushing bones and other substances requiring similar
treatment.
And my Invention consists in the combination of a revolving roller with a squeezer,
such squeezer having imparted to it a crank motion applied at the top (by means of
an excentric on the driving shaft) in such a manner as to give to the squeezer a
downward motion, and at the same time a forward motion, thereby clawing and
breaking the bones or other substances in its downward motion, as they pass
down in the space between the roller and squeezer, and are carried round by the
turning of the roller.
>
The operating surfaces of the roller and the squeezer respectively are fluted or
serrated, and are arranged so that the projections on the one can pass into the spaces
on the other, and be thereby caused to act as required on the bones or other
substances introduced into the kind of hopper formed by the combination of the
revolving roller and the moveable squeezer. This moveable squeezer consists of a
vertical plate curved at the upper part, and having a fluted or serrated face of hard
chilled iron or steel, such plate being bolted or fixed to a carrier, the upper part of
which receives motion from the revolution of an excentric fixed on the driving
shaft, and the lower part is forked or slotted, so as to be capable of motion on a
spindle fitted in the frame of the machine, by which spindle the said lower part of
the carrier is kept in position as required.
The spindle is fitted with a weighted safety lever or spring, so as to allow the
squeezer to yield slightly in the event of a piece of iron or other hard substance
getting between the roller and the squeezer.
The roller is driven at reduced speed as required by means of a pinion on the
driving shaft gearing with a spur wheel on the axle of the roller.
A pair of grinding rollers are or may be applied to the machine underneath
the crushing apparatus formed by the said roller and squeezer, such rollers having
fitted to them & safety lever to allow of their yielding to any hard substance as
required.
Having thus stated the nature of the said Invention, I will proceed to describe
more particularly in what manner the same is to be performed, by the aid of
the accompanying Drawings, in which is represented a machine constructed in the
manner above referred to.

page_text: The spindle F is fitted as shewn with a spring G, so as to allow the squeczer E to
yield slightly if required.
H is the revolving roller which is driven at the reduced speed required by
means of the pinion I, on the driving shaft C, gearing with the spur wheel K on the
axle of the roller H.
A pair of grinding rollers are represented at L, L, which are so placed as to be
capable of receiving the crushed bones or other material after passing out of the
crushing apparatus. These rollers are fitted with a safety lever M.
At N, N, are shewn a series of revolving-inclined sieves or sifters, along which
the crushed and ground bones or material pass out of the machine.
As the bones or other substances are fed into the hopper at the top of the
machine, they will be operated upon by the squeezer E and the roller H, acting in
combination in the manner described, and will thence pass to the grinding rollers
L, L, and sieves N, N, when such are used. In the Drawing the moveable jaw or
squeezer E is shewn as split or formed in more parts than one, and in such a manner
as to thrust the parts forward towards the revolving roller H, and draw them back-
ward alternately, as described in the Specification of a former Patent granted
to me (No. 456), but the moveable jaw or squeezer may also be formed in
one piece.
Having thus described the nature of the said Invention and in what manner the
same is to be performed, I hereby declare that what I claim as of my Invention is,
the combination in machines for crushing bones and other hard substances of a
revolving roller with a squeezer, driven by an excentric, so as to receive a crank
motion applied at the top, and thereby caused to act on the material under operation
in the manner herein-before described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Thomas Archer, junior, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, the Eleventh day of November, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and seventy-eight.
Witness,
MARK ARCHER,
Quay, Newcastle,
Coal Fitter.
THOMAS ARCHER, JUN'; (L.S.)