An Improved Apparatus for Ascertaining and Delineating Gradients Differences of Level, and Irregularities in the Surface of the Ground.
Year: 1888

page_text: Date of Application, 27th Dec., 1883
Complete Specification Left, 18th Sept., 1889-Accepted, 19th Oct., 1889
DIORAD DIVIFICATION.
An Improved Apparatus for Ascertaining and Delineating Gradients
Differences of Level, and Irregularities in the Surface of the
Ground.
I AUGUSTE EDOUARD DENIS FLORAN DE VILLEPIGUE, of Villa des Roses, 29 Rue
des Batignolles, Paris, France, Engineer do hereby declare the nature of this
invention to be as follows :-
This Invention relates to an improved apparatus whereby the outline of the ground
is delineated on paper in a direct and automatic manner, the differences of level
being indicated on a known scale.
Reference is to be had to the accompanying drawings forming part of this
specification, wherein figure 1 is a side elevation of the apparatus mounted on its
barrow.
Figure 2 is an elevation, on a larger scale, of the recording or delineating
mechanism. Figure 3 is a side elevation thereof. Figure 4 is a plan of the drum
driving mechanism. Figure 5 is a perspective shewing the mode of using the
apparatus. Figure 6 shews a diagram produced by the apparatus. The same letters
of reference indicate the same parts in all the figures.
The gradients, differences of level and irregularities of the surface of the ground
to be surveyed are outlined by the apparatus upon a band of paper fixed by clips on
the upright drum A, the diagram being produced by two pencils one fixed,. for
determining the horizontal datum line, and the other movable and delineating the
gradients and differences of level and their relative importance to the datum line.
The mechanism is mounted on a hand barrow a suspended by yoke straps from the
shoulders of two men. This truck is so constructed that when thus suspended it
may be accurately levelled either by means of a spirit level or by a pendulous
weight and needle c moving over an arc, as in dotted lines figure 2. When thus
levelled the pendulous weight d, on whose axis is fixed the needle is vertical. Its
rod has a right-angled arm carrying a counter-weight e which, like d, is adjustable
and which has for object to bring it to the vertical position. Any differences of
level in the surface of the ground produces a motion of the pendulum in one
direction or the other which is communicated to the movable pencil, as hereafter
described. The barrow is provided with a wheel running on the ground and
mounted in a frame free to rise and fall about the centre of an intermediate
wheel to which said wheel transmits rotary motion through bevel gear, the
wheel being geared by pitch chain with wheel . The shaft k of wheel has a
worm gearing with the ring of teeth on the barrel A which also gears with the
pinion B from which the parts hereafter described, derive their motion.
I
The oscillations of the pendulum d are transmitted to a rack through the elbow
lever and connecting links whose points of attachment are adjustable, as shewn at
figure 2. This rack gears with a sector 1, which is coupled through links 2, 3,
with levers 4, 5, oscillating in opposite directions on centres 6, 7, and acting on the
sliding collars 8, 9, 10, 11, of expansible pulleys t and u, whereby the ratio of the
pulleys is varied. The pencil s is mounted on a bracket carried at the end of a
screw-shaft which receives variable rotary motion through the expansion pulleys tu,
and their driving belt, the pulley being driven through the train of gearing B, C, D,
E, F, G, H, and at a uniform velocity for a uniform progressive motion of the whole
apparatus. The screw shaft turns in a nut (not shown) in the boss of a pinion I
which gears directly with the wheel G and turns at the same speed as the shaft of
pulley and in the contrary direction to the pulley t, so that if the nut turns at the
same speed as pulley u and therefore as the screw a, their motion being opposite in
direction, the one would tend to raise the screw whilst the other tends to make it

page_text: descend to an equal extent so that the pencil remains at the same height above the
datum line but if the screw turn slower or faster than the nut a differential
ascending or descending motion of the pencil will be produced, as the case may be.
Thus the rack r, by varying the ratio of the expansible pulleys, causes the pencil to
ascend or descend against the rotating cylinder A upon which the paper is
wrapped.
In the diagram, figure 6, X Y is the horizontal datum line ruled by the fixed
pencil and X Y the profile of the ground travelled over. From X to Z, this line is
drawn on the outward and from Z to Y¹ on the homeward journey on the same
road, the two parts of the diagram being precisely symmetrical.
The Invention is not limited to the details of the mechanism above described, as
these may be varied.
בד
11
371
Ր
1000
A. E. D. FLORAN DE VILLEPIGU.E.
By A. M. & Wm. Clark,
53, Chancery Lane, London, Patent Agents.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
An Improved Apparatus for Ascertaining and Delineating Gradients,
Differences of Level, and Irregularities in the Surface of the
Ground.
I, AUGUSTE EDOUARD DENIS FLORAN DE VILLEPIGUE, of Villa des Roses, 29 Rue
des Batignolles, Paris, France, Engineer, do hereby declaro the nature of this
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
This Invention relates to an improved apparatus whereby the outline of the ground
is delineated on paper in a direct and automatic manner, the differences of level
being indicated on a known scale.
Reference is to be had to the drawings left with the Provisional Specification,
wherein figure 1 is a side elevation of the apparatus mounted on its barrow.
Figure 2 is an elevation, on a larger scale, of the recording or delineating
mechanism. Figure 3 is a side elevation thereof. Figure 4 is a plan of the drum-
driving mechanism. Figure 5 is a perspective shewing the mode of using the
apparatus. Figure 6 shews a diagram produced by the apparatus.
The same letters of reference indicate the same parts in all the figures.
The gradients, differences of level, and irregularities of surface, of the ground to
be surveyed are outlined by the apparatus upon a band of paper fixed by clips on
the upright drum A, the diagram being produced by two pencils one fixed for
determining the horizontal datum line and the other movable and delineating the
gradients and differences of level and their relative importance to the datum line.
The mechanism is mounted on a hand barrow a suspended by yoke straps from the
shoulders of two men. This truck is so constructed that when thus suspended it may
be accurately levelled either by means of a spirit-level or by a pendulous weight and
needle c moving over an are, as in dotted lines figure 2. When thus levelled, the
pendulous weight d on whose axis is fixed the needle c is vertical. Its rod has a
right-angled arm carrying a counterweight e which, like d, is adjustable, and which
has for object to bring it to the vertical position. Any difference of level in the
surface of the ground produces a motion of the pendulum, in one direction or the
other, which is communicated to the movable pencil as hereafter described. The
barrow is provided with a wheel f running on the ground and mounted in a frame
free to rise and fall about the centre of an intermediate wheel g to which said wheel
transmits rotary motion through bevel gear, the wheel g being geared by pitch chain i
with wheel h. The shaft of wheel has a worm gearing with the ring of teeth on
the barrel A which also gears with the pinion B from which the parts hereafter
described derive their motion.

page_text: The oscillations of the pendulum d are transmitted to a rack through the elbow
lever and connecting links whose points of attachment are adjustable, as shewn at
figure 2. This rack gears with a sector 1 which is coupled, through links 2, 3, with
levers 4, 5, oscillating in opposite directions on centres 6, 7, and acting on the sliding
collars 8, 9, 10, 11, of expansible pulleys t and u whereby the ratio of the pulleys is
varied. The pencil s is mounted on a bracket carried at the end of a screw-shaft a
which receives variable rotary motion through the expansion pulleys tu, and their
driving belt, the pulley u being driven through the train of gearing B, C, D, E, F, G, H,
and at a uniform velocity for a uniform progressive motion of the whole apparatus.
The screw-shaft turns in a nut (not shown) in the boss of a pinion I which gears
directly with the wheel G and turns at the same speed as the shaft of pulley u and in
the contrary direction to the pulley t, so that if the nut turns at the same speed
as pulley and therefore as the screw x, their motion being opposite in direction, the
one would tend to raise the screw whilst the other tends to make it descend to an equal
extent so that the pencil s remains at the same height above the datum line; but if
the screw turn slower or faster than the nut a differential ascending or descending
motion of the pencil will be produced, as the case may be. Thus the rack ", by
varying the ratio of the expansible pulleys, causes the pencils to ascend or descend
against the rotating cylinder A upon which the paper is wrapped.
In the diagram, figure 6, X, Y, is the horizontal datum line ruled by the fixed
pencil and X, Y, the profile of the ground travelled over. From X, to Z, this line
is drawn on the outward and from Z, to Y', on the homeward journey on the same
road, the two parts of the diagram being precisely symmetrical.
The Invention is not limited to the details of the mechanism above described, as
these may be varied.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is
A travelling instrument for delineating the profile of the ground, and consisting of
a paper-carrying drum driven by a travelling wheel running on the ground in
combination with a fixed pencil and with a movable pencil which is raised or lowered.
by the relative inclination of a pendulous weight acting through differential
mechanism, such as described and illustrated in the drawings.
DL 10th of Santambor 1880
A. E. D. FLORAN DE VILLEPIGUE.
By A. M. & Wm. Clark,
53, Chancery Lane, London, Patent Agents.
A. E. D. FLORAN DE VILLEPIGUE.
By A. M. & Wm. Clark,
53, Chancery Lane, London, Patent Agents.