matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
AN IMPROVED RAILWAY BREAK
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Johnson Kitchen, William
Kitchen, and Samuel Samuels at the Office of the Commissioners
of Patents, with their Petition, on the 7th September 1866.
We, JOHNSON KITCHEN, WILLIAM KITCHEN, and SAMUEL SAMUELS, all of
Accrington, in the County of Lancaster, Engineers, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED RAILWAY BREAK," to be as
follows:-
Our Invention is designed for the purpose of actuating the breaks of railway
carriages by the direct action of steam, also for placing them solely under the
control and management of the engineer. And the improvements consist in
the employment of a steam cylinder conveniently placed on the "tender" of
the engine, the piston rod of which is in direct connection with the breaks of
the carriages through the medium of connecting bars or rods which are
arranged as follows:-Each carriage is provided with a bar or rod that extends
the whole length of the carriage; the extremities of these rods are provided
with "buffers" that are capable of being adjusted in such a manner that the
rods to which they are connected can by means of springs or screws be
extended or constructed so as to cause the bars of each carriage when the
train is "coupled up" to be in close contact with each other, forming thereby
one continuous connection or unbroken liue from end to end of the train.
These bars are supported in bearings secured to the body of the carriage, and
are provided with a lever in connection with a cross bar connected by rods
with the "break blocks." Thus when it is desired to apply the "break" the

page_text: engineer turns steam into the break cylinder, which either gradually or suddenly
applies the break to the wheels throughout the whole train. The lever by
which steam is turned on into the "break cylinders" is arranged so that it
can be connected or disconnected with the ordinary handle for turning on
steam into the locomotive cylinder, which is thus arranged to enable the engi-
neer in case of emergency to turn the steam on into the break cylinder with
the same action that shuts the steam off from the cylinder of the locomotive.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PACKING BOTTLES AND IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF HAMPERS TO BE USED THEREFOR
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION. left by James Ritchie Butchart at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 22nd
January 1866.
I, JAMES RITCHIE BUTCHART, of Dundee, in the County of Forfar, North
Britain, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN PACKING BOTTLES AND IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF HAMPERS TO BE USED THEREFOR,"
to be as follows, that is to say :-
"
This Invention has for its essential object the effecting of greater economy
and safety in packing bottles, jars, or other generally similar vessels by
entirely dispensing with the use of straw, hay, or other separate packing.
material, the use of which has always been found unsatisfactory, as it is
generally expensive and creates considerable inconvenience from the untidy
state in which it keeps the cellars or other places where packing operations
are being conducted, and consequently any given number of bottles can be
packed in a much shorter space of time than according to the ordinary
method, at the same time the bottles are packed in a manner whereby greater
safety against breakage is insured. These improvements consist essentially
in the construction of a "self-packing bottle hamper," which is made of the
ordinary basket or wicker work, although other material may be found
suitable. The bottom of the hamper proper is divided into any suitable

page_text: number of compartments by flexible parallel partitions (which may either be
fixed or portable) arranged to suit the size of the bottles or jars to be packed
therein; each of these compartments are formed to hold two bottles laid on
their sides with their necks meeting in the centre of the compartment and
projecting a short distance beyond each other, a small moveable flexible
guide" being arranged to fit in between the necks of the bottles to prevent
them from coming in contact with each other or moving out of their proper
position, the series of these small guides being held firmly to the bottom of
each compartment by a rod or rods, upon which the necks of the bottles rest,
running about midway throughout the series and through holes in the guides.
It is obvious that any number of horizontal divisions or "false bottoms" may
be constructed with a series of compartments on their upper surface, similar
to the arrangement described, and capable of being placed in or lifted out of
the hamper, the bottles will thus be laid, as it were, tier upon tier with no
risk whatever of being broken. It is also obvious that the hampers may be
made of any capacity according to the requirements of the user. Another
special advantage to be derived from the use of this Invention is that
by thus arranging the bottles on their sides, wine bottles which are kept in
this position in the "bin" can be lifted therefrom and placed in the hamper
in the same position without any risk of their contents being shaken or
disturbed.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF YARNS, AND IN THE MACHINERY OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREFOR
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Peter Sanderson at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 27th April 1866.
I, PETER SANDERSON, of Galashiels, in the County of Selkirk, North
Britain, Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF YARNS, AND IN THE MACHINERY OR
APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREFOR," to be as follows, that is to say :-
This Invention has for its object certain improvements in the manufacture of
twist yarns, which improvements specially consist in the production of a certain
appearance on the yarns by which their use for fancy weaving is rendered more
adaptable than heretofore.
The essential feature of the yarn consists in the introduction at certain
intervals of spots or "lengths," which are produced by the double twisting of
one of the threads at these intervals. The machinery by which this effect is
produced consists in addition to the ordinary throstle of a lever having a vertical
reciprocating motion imparted to it by means of an eccentric or cam working
below the rollers. The threads to be twisted pass through guides in the
outer end of this lever, and as the ordinary twisting process is continued the
movement of the eccentric causing the lever to vibrate brings one of the
threads back over the body of the yarn, thus doubling the twist on this portion,
and thereby producing the spotty appearance. After having passed through
the guiding lever in the manner herein-before described the yarn is wound off
on to bobbins in the ordinary manner.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MODE OR MEANS OF ROTATING BRUSHES OR OTHER ARTICLES FOR WHICH A CIRCULAR OR REVOLVING MOTION IS REQUIRED
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Stephen Holness at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 15th October
1866.
I, STEPHEN HOLNESS, of No. 2, Albany Terrace, Victoria Park, in the
County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of my said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MODE OR MEANS OF ROTATING BRUSHES OR OTHER
ARTICLES FOR WHICH A CIRCULAR OR REVOLVING MOTION IS REQUIRED," to be as
follows:-
My Invention consists in mounting upon a central horizontal spindle
provided at each end with a suitable handle, a tube, case, or frame; the
spindle is cut or divided transversely at the centre or other convenient place.
The tube, case, or frame can be held rigidly by one (say, the left) handle, but
that portion of the spindle attached to the right handle can be and is movod
or rotated along with and in the same direction as the right handle; in so
doing a spring attached to the spindle and also to the tube, case, or frame is
coiled or compressed, and is prevented from slipping by à ratchet and pall
arrangement. In the spring is thus stored the power to drive the apparatus,
and the endeavour of the spring to uncoil is taken advantage of to drive or
rotate an outer tube, casing, or frame through a train of tooth wheels. The
outer tube, casing, or frame is so constructed as to carry upon its outer surface
the brush or brushes, rubber or rubbers, or other article to which it is desired
to give a rotary motion. By holding the left handle firmly and turning the
right from the body the spring will be coiled, and the outer tube, casing, or

page_text: frame rotated, so that, in point of fact, the apparatus is wound up at the same
time it is used, and the speed may be regulated at the will of the operator.
Instead of coiling the spring, the same end may be attained by uncoiling or
extending the spring and obtaining the motion by the effort of the spring to
recoil.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF FURNACES
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Dennis Hall at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 11th January
1866.
I, DENNIS. HALL, of Wharton,, near Winsford, Cheshire,. do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
CONSTRUCTION OF FURNACES," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to the fire-grates of furnaces, and consists in
constructing the same circular and capable of rotating instead of flat and
stationary.
I am aware of flat circular revolving grates having been heretofore con-
structed and employed in furnaces, but such said grates have been made
to revolve horizontally, and the whole surface of the grate has been
covered with fuel at one time. Now this Invention consists in constructing
furnaces in the following manner :-I form a hollow cylinder of fire-bars
arranged lengthwise of the said cylinder, and I mount the said cylinder
upou a horizontal central shaft, to which I propose to impart by any
suitable means a very slow continuous rotatory motion, say one revolution
per hour; by these means only one-fourth of the entire quantity of fire-bars
are under the fuel in the furnace at one time, and this for only fifteen
minutes. The fuel may be fed into the furnace by a hopper supplied by
a system of self-acting buckets and pushers suitably actuated.
MAKING CAUSTIC SODA FROM COMMON SALT OR CHLORIDE OF SODIUM BY THE ACTION OF LEAD OR ITS OXIDE, AND AFTERWARDS RECOVERING THE LEAD AS OXIDE OR OTHERWISE FOR USE AGAIN IN MAKING CAUSTIC SODA FROM COMMON SALT
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel Rowbotham at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 14th
August 1866.
I, SAMUEL ROWBOTHAM, of Brookside, Penketb, near Warrington, in the
County Palatine of Lancaster, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "MAKING CAUSTIC SODA FROM COMMON SALT OR CHLORIDE OF SODIUM
BY THE ACTION OF LEAD OR ITS OXIDE, AND AFTERWARDS RECOVERING THE LEAD AS
OXIDE OR OTHERWISE FOR USE AGAIN IN MAKING CAUSTIC SODA FROM COMMON SALT,"
to be as follows:-
Common salt or chloride of sodium to be mixed with lead and fused together
or mixed with oxide of lead and water or kept moist by steam, and allowed
to stand either cold or aided by heat until decomposition takes place, the
mass to be then lixiviated and the caustic soda separated. The chloride of
lead which remains is then to be subjected to the action of heat and oxygen,
either derived from the atmospheric air, or water,. or steam, or otherwise
obtained until the chlorine is driven off, and the lead recovered in a state to
be again used for the decomposition of comnion'salt; but as the lead is not
always recovered by this process in the most fit condition for decomposing a
further supply of common salt, I mix it with charcoal, lampblack, crushed
coal, or other carbonaceous matter, and subject it to the action of heat until
the lead is restored to the condition required for again decomposing common
salt.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN RAG GRINDING MACHINES
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Rhodes, William Sunderland
Rhodes, and Josiah Rhodes at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 22nd December 1866.-A communication from
abroad by Joseph Maison, of Knolheaven, A385, Dordrecht, Holland.
We, JOSEPH RHODES, WILLIAM SUNDERLAND RHODES, and JOSIAH RHODES,
of Morley, near Leeds, in the County of York, Machine Makers and Iron-
founders, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN RAG GRINDING MACHINES," a communication to us from abroad by
Joseph Maison, of Knolheaven, A885, Dordrecht, Holland, to be as follows:-
Heretofore for feeding rags to these machines a pair of flated nipping
rollers are employed to receive the rags from the feed sheet and to present
them to the action or place them in contact with the spiked cylinder; these
rollers, however, although constructed of small diameters do not nip the
sufficiently near or in contact with the surface of the cylinder, whereby short
bits of the rags after being liberated from the nips or hold of the rollers are
carried away on the spikes of the cylinder unground or not torn into fibres.
To remedy this evil we employ instead of the fluted rollers a pair of plain
rollers, one of which is covered with india-rubber or other elastic material, and
we apply a knife or plate formed to fit to the surface of the non-elastic roller,
and also to the elastic one, in such manner as to leave a tapering space betwixt
for the rags to pass through or between, and the edge of this knife or plate is
rags

page_text: made to extend to or near the point of contact of the last-named roller and
the cylinder, or to a point where a right line drawn through the centres of the
same would bisect their circumferences; by these means the rags are carried
forward and held in close contact with the surface of the cylinder, whereby
better action or effect is produced upon them, and with a less expenditure
of power in working these machines than heretofore.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF SHIPS' BOATS, WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE CHIEFLY APPLICABLE TO THE CONSTRUCTION OF LIFE BOATS
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Tristram Shandy Simpson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 26th
October 1866.
I, TRISTRAM SHANDY SIMPSON, of 81, Broadway, Stratford, in the County
of Essex, Builder, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF SHIPS' BOATS, WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE
CHIEFLY APPLICABLE TO THE CONSTRUCTION OF LIFE BOATS," to be as follows:-
The hull or body of the boat is composed of a series of longitudinal planks
or boards stretching from end to end of the boat, so formed that their sides
radiate to a centre within the boat. The outer faces of these boards are
triangular in section, the apex outwards, and are fastened firmly together and
to the thwarts which form bulkheads, completely isolating each compartment
from the others. By means of this arrangement I can construct a boat
without inside ribs, and much lighter and stronger than by the ordinary way,
while the triangular form of the outer edges of the planks gives a much larger
surface and renders it much more difficult to upset the boat. I add all the
usual appliances for obtaining buoyancy.
IMPROVEMENTS IN. MACHINES USED FOR LITHOGRAPHIC PRINTING
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Marr at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 9th March 1866.
I, JAMES MARR, of Glasgow, in. the County of Lanark, North Britain,.
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN.
MACHINES USED FOR LITHOGRAPHIC PRINTING," to. be as follows, that is to say:-
This Invention essentially relates to a certain arrangement or construction;
of machinery by which a continuous printing action is obtained in contra-
distinction to the interrupted process as at present employed..
The main feature of this Invention consists in the application or use of a.
cylindrical surface in place of a flat surface on which the transfer is laid; this.
surface may be of the ordinary German lithographic stone or any other
suitable material. The inking roller is held against the circular surface by
springs, and being in contact therewith is caused to revolve by the rotation of
the circular printing surface, and the flannel for wetting the circular surface
is also pressed against it by weights and levers, springs, or otherwise., A
second roller for carrying the paper on which the impression is to be taken,
from the circular surface is caused to revolvo parallel to the latter and with.
the same circumferential velocity, and when only one circular printing surfaco:
is used the sheet as soon as the impression is made thereon is abstracted by.
an attendant, or if more than one set of printing surfaces are employed it is.
preferred to conduct the printed sheet away by a system of travelling types as.
at present employed in some classes of printing machines..
IMPROVEMENTS IN LITHOGRAPHIC, ZINCOGRAPHIC, AND TYPOGRAPHIC PRINTING MACHINES
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Henry Gardner and Joseph
Bickerton at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 30th October 1866.
We, CHARLES HENRY GARDNER, of West Harding Street, in the City of
London, Printing Machine Manufacturer, and JOSEPH BICKERTON, of Oldham,
in the County of Lancaster, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN LITHOGRAPHIC, ZINCOGRAPHIC, AND
TYPOGRAPHIC PRINTING MACHINES," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in constructing machinery in such manner as to
stop the cylinder and hold it firmly in a state of rest at pleasure while other
working parts of the machine are in motion, and without checking, stopping,
or interfering with such motion, the purpose being to enable the stone plate
or type to receive two or more rollings, inkings, or applications of colour,
chalk, or other figuring, coloring, or applied agent used without stopping the
whole machine, so that the ink, colour, or agent may be distributed or applied
more uniformly and suitably on the form, drawing, or other surface, whereby
also the paper or similar substance is economized. We next describe how
this may be performed. A stud on the cylinder engages in an opening in a
lever-arm-bar, or bracket, which is used for starting-the-cylinder, and works
on. a centre axis or support connected with a slide, which is raised and

page_text: depressed by a cam, excentric, crank, screw, or other contrivance. When the
slide is lowered it depresses the lever arm, bar, or bracket with it, and clears it
from the stud, whereupon a block or piece on the top of the slide descends
with the slide, engages or holds the stud, and thereby holds the cylinder
firmly in a state of rest. When the slide is raised it frees the stud from the
block, and allows the cylinder to be set in motion.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN FURNACES
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Mosley at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 11th August
1866.
I, WILLIAM MOSLEY, the younger, of Salford, in the County of Lancaster,
Bleacher, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN FURNACES," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to the supports of the fire or fuel in the furnace,
and consists in employing chains instead of bars. The said chains are
tightened by means of screws at their ends, and can be turned round or moved
upside down separately or conjointly by means of a winch handle; or instead
of chains I employ rigid frames of iron of a similar shape and turn them
round or move them upside down when required to remove the clinkers.
AN IMPROVED MANUFACTURE OF TRENAIL
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Greenwood at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 13th October
1866.
I, THOMAS GREENWOOD, of Leeds, in the County of York, Machine Maker,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED
MANUFACTURE OF TRENAIL," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to remove the defects of the ordinary
compressed trenail or wooden pin used in securing railway chairs to their
sleepers. These trenails depend for their holding power mainly on their
tendency to expand to their original bulk when exposed to the weather, but
if exposed before being used their value is lost, and when used in their
compressed state they are liable in swelling to split the sleeper as they put
an internal strain upon the sleeper, not only in the direction but transversely
of the grain of the wood.
In making trenails according to my Invention I turn the head or conical
part round to fit the round hole in the chair, and the remainder of the trenail I
turn with parallel sides and of an oval form in cross section. The traversing
cutting tool which I use I make of such form that it will leave a kind of
shallow screw thread upon the trenail instead of reducing it to a smooth
surface as heretofore. When the trenail is driven into the hole intended to
receive it with its larger diameter in line with the grain of the wood the

page_text: shallow thread will become locked in the softer wood of the sleeper or other
article in which it is inserted, and the trenail will hold fast therein without
having any tendency to swell and split the sleeper. In some cases it may be
desirable instead of turning the trenail with parallel sides from the head
downwards, as above mentioned, to increase the diameter slightly and for a
short distance towards the end.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN PRINTING DESIGNS ON PAPER FOR HANGINGS, COVERINGS, SUNBLINDS, AND OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Smith at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 14th February 1866.
I, ROBERT SMITH, Paper Hanging Manufacturer, of the Heywood, Higgin-
bottom, Smith, and Company, Limited, Paper Staining Works, Hyde Road, in
the City of Manchester, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN PRINTING DESIGNS ON PAPER FOR HANGINGS,
COVERINGS, SUNBLINDS, AND OTHER PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in printing by machinery at one and the same opera-
tion certain styles of printed paper hangings which are known in the trade as
gold papers and bronze papers. Hitherto the production of such styles in paper
hangings has been effected by two distinct operations of printing. According to
the old process all the colors forming the design, excepting those parts which
are to be gilt or bronzed, are first printed either by hand or machine upon
the paper,
which is afterwards carefully dried; the second operation is always
performed by hand, printing in a gold size those remaining parts of the design
which are to be illuminated with the gilt or bronze, which is afterwards
applied thereto in the usual manner. Now by my improvements I reduce the
above two to one operation, and produce the same result by once passing the
paper through the ordinary surface roller printing machine.
My Invention is divided into two parts, namely, the first part of my
improvements consists in printing on paper hangings at one operation, by
machinery, in an ordinary gold size those parts of the design which are
intended to be bronzed or illuminated at the same time that all the other

page_text: parts and colors which complete the design are printed thereon, care being
taken that the gold size be so compounded that its surface when printed shall
maintain its adhesive quality until after all the other parts and colors of the
design are perfectly dry; after which the gilt or bronze powder is applied by
passing the paper between rollers or through a trough or a drum such as is
known in the trade as a flocking drum.
The second part of my Invention consists in mixing the bronze gilt with a
suitable transparent size or gummy solution, and printing the same on paper
hangings by machinery at the same time and at the same operation when all
the other details and colors which form the design are also printed thereon, in
fact, treating the bronze gilt so mixed as an ordinary color, and working it in
the machine while all the other parts of the pattern are being printed in the
usual water or distemper colors; or the bronze gilt may be applied to the
parts printed in size or gummy solution from a feeding trough, roller, or
sieve forming part of the ordinary printing machine, and before the other
parts of the pattern are printed.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CARRIAGES FOR FIELD ARTILLERY
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Coope Haddan at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 3rd September
1866.
I, JoпN COOPE HADDAN, of 14, Bessborough Gardens, Pimlico, in the
County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN CARRIAGES FOR FIELD ARTILLERY," to be
as follows:-
The class of carriages intended is that in which a separable limber or
ammunition carriage is used in connection with a gun carriage proper for the
transport of a gun, the trail of the gun carriage being for such purpose hooked
on to or connected with the limber. Ordinarily this is done by means of a
strong hook or pintle situate close to the centre of the transom or axis of
the limber.
The Invention consists in constructing the limber with a connecting appliance
for the gun carriage proper bracketed out or supported at a distance behind or
away from the transom, which will allow of greater facility in turning when
the gun is limbered up. Such bracketing may conveniently consist of two
main curved arms fixed to the transom, one near to one wheel and the other
near to the other wheel, and uniting or being connected together at or near
the position of the pintle or place where they are intended to support or
receive the trail of the gun carriage. Such part may also be kept low or
lower than the height at which the connection is ordinarily made, so as not to

page_text: require the trail to be so much elevated from the ground. And to balance the
effect of the weight of the gun duo to the leverage upon such bracketed out
position the limber boxes may conveniently be placed forwarder than usual
upon the limber, or be made so as to slide forward or backward accordingly
as the gun carriage proper is connected or disconnected with the limber
carriage.
IMPROVEMENTS IN WATER TUYERES
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Francis Northall and Richard
Turnley at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 22nd December 1866.
We, FRANCIS NORTHALL, of Rowley Regis, in the County of Stafford,
Furnace Manager, and RICHARD TURNLEY, of Witbymoor, near Dudley, in
the County of Worcester, Furnace Manager, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN WATER TUYERES," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is by the improvements in water tuyeres
berein-after described to cause the water to act directly upon the nose or
front part, which is where the water is mostly required, and a continual flow
of water through the tuyere being ensured, not only the tuyere but the water
itself is kept cool. In this manner the molten iron is prevented from adhering
from the tuyere, the sides of the furnace are prevented from becoming over-
heated, and so the good working of the furnace will be materially enhanced.
The great fault in the ordinary water tuyere is that after it is once filled
with water there is nothing to force a constant flow of water round the nose
or front part, so that the water at this part is heated until it reaches a boiling
state, and steam becoming generated the fresh supply of water is forced back
again out of the furnace. In the meanwhile the nose or front part of the
tuyere gets more and more heated, and before long is destroyed.

page_text: Now we propose to construct the tuyere in the usual manner, but with the
addition of two metal stops or partitions, so placed in that part of the tuyere
through which the water flows as that they may be opposite to each other, thus
dividing the waterway of tho tuyere into two equal parts. The said stops or
partitions fit close up to the back part of the tuyere and reach to within about
three inches of the nose or front part of the tuyere; we then make the aperture
by which the water is introduced into the tuyere somewhat smaller than the
aperture employed as the outlet. In this manner it will be at once evident
that as the stops or partitions form a channel for the water and prevent it
from escaping until it has passed round the nose or front part of the tuyere,
there is always a change of water where it is most needed.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CRINOLINES
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Clark at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 10th April
1866. A communication from abroad by Catherine Vergeat-Meunier,
Widow, Crinoline Manufacturer, of 29, Boulevart St. Martin, Paris.
I, WILLIAM CLARK, of 53, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex,
Engineer and Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN CRINOLINES," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to an improved construction of petticoat, whereby to
avoid the inconveniences of ordinary crinolines, which are often cumbersome
and ungraceful in their appearance. Hitherto the springs of crinolines have
been distributed throughout the lower part of the petticoat, which prevents
its being compressed into a small volume without risk of breaking the steels.
The object of this Invention is to obviate these disadvantages, at same time
preserving a graceful form of skirt. I attain this result by disposing the
springs at the back part only of the skirt towards the bottom in an inclined
direction, they being arranged in such manner as to terminate at the sides,
leaving the front free.
These improvements are represented in the accompanying Drawing, Fig. 1
of which shows an example of the improved skirt, inside view, and Fig. 2,
front view of the same.
a, fabric of any suitable nature forming the skirt; b, bottom hoop of the
same; c, c, springs or bands in any number required, disposed in a slanting
direction at the back part of the skirt, as before mentioned; d, d, tapes.
IMPROVEMENTS IN VALVES
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Williamson and Edwin
Patrick Marren at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 20th February 1866.
We, THOMAS WILLIAMSON and EDWIN PATRICK MARREN, of Staley Bridge,
in the County of Lancaster, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN VALVES," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in adding in any convenient position a circular
spring, either corrugated or plain, to an ordinary equilibrium valve; the.
spring being an adjunct to the equilibrium valve enables the valve to be
sensitive to the least amount of pressure by steam or water admitted into the
valve box. The said spring is acted upon by a lever and weight which presses
upon a spindle, and thus regulates the pressure to the greatest nicety. We
protect the aforesaid spring from corrosion by plating it with an anti-corrosive
metal or material.
IMPROVED METHODS OF FASTENING COVERS OR CUSHIONS TO CHAIRS AND OTHER SIMILAR SEATS
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alexander Cochrane at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 16th May
1866.
I, ALEXANDER COCHRANE, Patent and Parliamentary Agent and Contractor,
of 27, Bucklersbury, Cheapside, in the City of London, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVED METHODS OF FASTENING COVERS
OR CUSHIONS TO CHAIRS AND OTHER SIMILAR SEATS," to be as follows:-
My improvements have for their object the securing of covers or cushions
to chairs and other similar seats so as to prevent such covers or cushions.
from falling off when persons seated upon the chairs or seats move about or
rise from them. Cane seated chairs have hitherto been much objected to on.
account of the sharp edges of the cane cutting or damaging the dress of the.
persons seated upon them. Now in order to obviate these objections I so fix.
the cover or cushion that should it get displaced or drawn out of position by
the
person seated upon it or rising from the chair it will immediately fall
back or regain its normal or proper position; and this I effect as follows:-
I fix to the under side of the cushion or cover one end of a piece of elastic
ribbon, webbing, or other similar elastic material, and after passing the other
end through one or more of the holes of the cane seated chair I fasten it to.
the frame, back, legs, or other convenient part of the chair or seat. I do not
limit myself to the number of pieces or to the length or precise arrangement
of the elastic material, as my Invention may be carried out in various ways;
for instance, I do not always pass the elastic material through the holes and
under the seat, as I sometimes merely fasten one end thereof to the cover, and

page_text: the other end to the chair or seat, but I prefer the first method as being the
best. Or in lieu of, or in substitution for, or in combination with the arrange-
ments before described I sometimes use a piece of tape, ribbon, or other such
like material, one end of which I attach to the cushion, and the other end
I pass through the holes of the cane bottom chair, and attach it to a weight
or spring placed under or at the back of the chair or other part of the seat,
or I sometimes use a spring roller similar or like the rollers used for ordinary
spring blinds; this application of the spring roller will be so well understood
that it will need no description here, but I would have it understood that I do
not confine myself to those chairs that have holes in their seats, as I sometimes
make holes for the purpose of carrying this Invention into effect.
AN IMPROVED COMPOSITION FOR PREVENTING INCRUSTATION IN STEAM BOILERS
Year: 1866

page_text: 1866.
I, JAMES HARRIS, of Cambridge Street, Eccleston Square, in the County
of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN
IMPROVED COMPOSITION FOR PREVENTING INCRUSTATION IN STEAM BOILERS," to be
as follows:-
The object and intention of this Invention is to prevent incrustation in
steam boilers, and also to remove incrustation when formed in boilers in which
this Invention has not been previously used.
And the present improvement consists in employing the bark of the oak
tree (quercus vulgaris) and valonia, or the acorn cups of the quercus ægilops,
in combination with isinglass or other gelatinous matter and water for the
purpose of obtaining therefrom tannic acid, which I manufacture into a jelly,
and employ the same in steam boilers for preventing or removing incrustation
occasioned by the water contained therein.
The following is an example of the process of manufacturing the above-
mentioned improved composition, that is to say:-
I take the bark of the oak tree, and to every 50 pounds weight thereof add
about 25 gallons of water, and boil the same together for about 2 hours, then
draw off the liquor and mix with the bark a further quantity of 15 gallons of
water, boiling them together for another 2 hours, then draw off the liquor
as before and add another 15 gallons of water to the bark, boiling the same
together for another 2 hours. The three boilings are then put into one vessel

page_text: and submitted to gentle heat. I then proceed to add to every 20 gallons of the
liquor about 1 pound by weight of isinglass or other gelatinous matter, keeping
the whole well stirred until the isinglass is thoroughly dissolved; I then strain
the liquor through a hair sieve into vessels suitable for keeping or transport
to purchasers. In cases where the water in the boiler is required to be used
for manufacturing purposes, and to those who may prefer it with respect to
color, I use valonia, which I first grind or crush into small pieces, and to
every 50 pounds weight thereof I add about 50 gallons of water, and boil the
same for about 3 hours, then draw the liquor off, as before-mentioned, and add
about 50 gallons more water and again boil the same, and again add about 50
gallons more water and again boil, and these three boilings I place in one
vessel, and to every 20 gallons of the liquor I add about one pound by weight
of isinglass or other gelatinous matter, and proceed to strain it as before
mentioned. It is then ready for use.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF SHIPS WITH A VIEW TO THE SAVING OF LIFE AT SEA
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Martin Samuelson at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 23rd
February 1866.
I, MARTIN SAMUELSON, of Hull, in the County of York, Engineer, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
CONSTRUCTION OF SHIPS WITH A VIEW TO THE SAVING OF LIFE AT SEA," to be as
follows:-
This Invention relates to a peculiar construction and arrangement of
parts of ships with a view to the saving of life at sea, and consists essen-
tially in making the "poop," deck house, or main cabin of steamers and
sailing vessels removeable from the rest of the ship, so that in the event of
danger of the vessel's foundering it may be readily unshipped and launched.
For this purpose the "poop," deck house, or main cabin must be made
water-tight and self-contained, so as to float when detached or launched
from the vessel in any sea, and in large vessels will easily afford accommo-
dation for from two to three hundred passengers. In carrying out this
Invention in practice the "poop," deck house, or main cabin is constructed
in the form of a large barge, which is fixed upon a cradle on the top of the
and
deck, and is fastened thereto by sliding bolts carried by the poop
entering fixed eyes in the deck. These bolts, on being withdrawn by
means of hand levers secured to the side of the poop or otherwise, dis-
connect the poop in a few minutes from the deck, and as the bulwarks of

page_text: the vessel at this part are also made capable of being readily unshipped by
being hinged to the sides, the poop can be launched over the side with
facility, and when launched will form a huge life buoy. Before launching
the watercloset pipes are removed, and masts, if any, are cut away level
with the top of the poop or deck house, and the stump or lower part
is released and allowed to fall into a well in the hold of the vessel. The
poop is further provided with any suitable or well-known means for securing
ventilation and for shipping a rudder if required. The starting or launching
of the poop may be assisted by means of a pinion or pinions gearing
into a rack or racks on the bottom of the poop or deck house, or other
well-known mechanical equivalents may be employed. Any suitable or
well-known provision is also made for battening or making water-tight the
companion doors and skylight windows of the poop or deck house.
A NEW COMPOSITION APPLICABLE TO ROLLERS FOR CALICO PRINTING AND TO OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Frederick Freeman at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
12th November 1866.
I, GEORGE FREDERICK FREEMAN, of Broughton, near the City of Manchester,
in the County of Lancaster, Metal Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "A NEW COMPOSITION APPLICABLE TO ROLLERS FOR
CALICO PRINTING AND TO OTHER PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
The new composition consists of a mixture of copper, tin, lead, and
antimony. In performing my Invention I take a brass or white metal roller,
made in the ordinary manner, and on it I cast a covering of my improved
composition, consisting of about 65 parts of tin, 8 of copper, 10 of lead, and
17 of antimony; or the entire roller may be cast of the improved composition.
A great saving in the cost of calico printers' rollers is effected by the use of
the above composition.
My Invention is also applicable to steps or bearings for axles or shafts and
other purposes where hard brass castings are now employed.
The above proportions are only given as an illustration of my Invention,
and they may be varied according to the particular purpose for which the
composition is required.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MAKING GAS AND COKE
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Greenshields at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 23rd October
1866.
I, JAMES GREENSHIELDS, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North
Britain, Crude Oil Distiller, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MAKING GAS AND COKE," to be as follows,
that is to say :-
This Invention has for its object the making of gas and coke of a superior
quality in a very economical manner, and it consists in employing a peculiar
combination of substances of comparatively small cost.
The substances to be employed in carrying out the Invention are, 1, shale ;
2, paraffin, tar, or pitch; 8, lignite or brown coal; 4, common coal; 5, saw;
dust; 6, peat. These substances may be combined in various proportions,
and one or more of them may be dispensed with when not obtainable at a low
enough cost in any particular locality. A very good result is obtainable with
shale, common coal, and peat in the proportions of two tons of shale to one
ton each of the coal and peat. Greater or less portions of the other sub-
stances-herein before mentioned may be included either in place of portions
of the coal or peat, or in addition to these substances. In practising the
Invention the substances are intimately mixed in the ground or pulverised

page_text: state or by grinding them together. The mixture is subjected to the decom-
posing action of heat in retorts such as are used in the manufacture of
ordinary coal gas, and about the same.degree of heat is employed as in that
manufacture. The gas obtained possesses great.illuminating power, whilst
the residue in the retort is a coke of extremely good quality.
IMPROVEMENTS IN GUN CARRIAGES, AND IN THE MODE OF ELEVATING AND DEPRESSING GUNS
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Anthony Edwards Scott
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
10th September 1866.
I, ROBERT ANTHONY EDWARDS SCOTT, of Lewisham, in the County of Kent,
Commander in the Royal Navy, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN GUN CARRIAGES, AND IN THE MODE OF ELEVATING
AND DEPRESSING GUNS," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to obtain very great elevation and depression
with guns of ships and forts, or to use smaller ports, openings, or embrasures,
and obtain the usual elevation and depression without losing the horizontal or
nearly horizontal fire in the event of the special clevating and depressing
machinery or gear being damaged or carried away. This is effected by means
of an inner carriage pivotting upon a strong bolt or fastening on the front of
an outer carriage; this inner carriage may be of a single plate or of the box
girder construction, and may have a rack on its rear end, into which rack a
pinion with suitable gearing will work to elevate or depress the rear of the
inner carriage, and by this means raise or lower the gun; the inner carriage
may be secured to the outer one (when firing) by means of powerful clamps
or compressors by which the strain and jar will be taken from the elevating
machinery.
The Invention relates, secondly, to a plan of carriage or double carriage in
which the centre portion or centre carriage is secured by strong transoms

page_text: running across it, and is raised or lowered by means of powerful screws or
other suitable means, worked either at the sides or at the rear of the carriage.
The Invention further consists in using the levers (which are employed for
working the excentries and lifting gun carriages, and slides when working
them) for the purpose of catching the chains or other running in-and-out gear,
and temporarily fastening the carriage to them. The teeth used in this case
are to be thrust through the links of the chain, and held down by means of
levers or other equivalent mechanism which will lift up the teeth.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN BOOTS AND SHOES
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Frederick Allbon at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
8th September 1866.
I, CHARLES FREDERICK ALLBON, of the Euston Road, in the County of
Middlesex, Boot and Shoe Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "AN IMPROVEMENT IN BOOTS AND SHOES," to be as
follows:-
Hitherto the soles of boots and shoes have been made of a single piece or
of several pieces of leather sewn or riveted together, and the result is that
little if any flexibility is obtained in the sole.
Now my Invention consists in inserting between each piece of leather
composing the sole of a piece or pieces of textile fabric, and stitching or
riveting the same together in the ordinary manner, by this means I produce
soles most flexible and easy to the feet of the wearer.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CAST STEEL
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Victor Gallet at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 14th June 1866.
I, VICTOR GALLET, of Lavausseau de Benassais, Department of the Vienne,
in the Empire of France, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CAST STEEL," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in the manufacture of cast
steel. For this purpose I take iron, by preference such as has been submitted
to one rolling operation only, in which state it is termed "puddle bar,"
and I coat the iron with a paste made by mixing water with the following
ingredient

page_text: The iron coated with this composition is melted in a crucible, and cast steel
is in this way obtained from iron in one operation.
In the composition above set forth the quantities may be varied and the
vegetable mould and the soot may be omitted.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN MACHINERY FOR RAISING THE PILE ON FUSTIANS AND OTHER COTTON FABRICS
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Schofield at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 20th December
1866.
I, THOMAS SCHOFIELD, of Cornbrook, in the City of Manchester, Dyer and
Finisher, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN MACHINERY FOR RAISING THE PILE ON FUSTIANS AND OTHER COTTON
FABRICS," to be as follows:-
In the raising machines now in use it is customary to make the raising
roller act on the distended fabric as it passes from one stretching roller or
rail to another, and the natural elasticity of the fabric causes it to yield to the
raising roller.
Now my Invention consists in applying a knife-edged rail to the raising
machine, over which the fabric to be raised is drawn, and in causing the
raising roller or other raising agent to act on the fabric as it is passing over
the said rail. By this arrangement the raising is performed effectually on
every portion of the fabric under operation, and the face produced has more
of a velvet character than can be obtained by raising machines of the present
construction.