IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PREPARATION OR MANUFACTURE OF MANURES
Year: 1857

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James Taylor, of Upper Street, Islington, in the
County of Middlesex, Chemist, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE PREPARATION OR MANUFACTURE OF MANURES."
Sealed the 11th August 1857, and dated the 14th February 1857.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James Taylor at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 14th February
1857.
I, JAMES TAYLOR, of Upper Street, Islington, in the County of Middlesex,
Chemist, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE PREPARATION OR MANUFACTURE OF MANURES," to be as follows: -
This Invention relates to the preparation of manure from brewers' or
distillers' grains and spent hops in combination with animal and other matters,
and consists in reducing grains and hops to a pulp or powder, mixing such
substances with animal matter, and in applying the mixture to the purposes
of manure, either alone or after being mixed with phosphates of lime, such
as bone ash, coprolites or bones, and sulphuric, muriatic, or nitric acids:
The grains and hops may be used either separately, or mixed with each other
in such mixtures.
The grains and hops may be used for the purposes aforesaid in a plain or
unground state, either separately or mixed with each other in the above mixtures;

page_text: or they may be used in a powder or pulp, either separately or combined with
each other, without being mixed with animal or other matters, or in either of
the two states without the admixture of animal matter in conjunction with
phosphates of lime and acids, as before described.
1
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said James Taylor in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 14th
August 1857.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JAMES
TAYLOR, of Upper Street, Islington, in the County of Middlesex, Chemist, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Fourteenth day of. February, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-seven, in the twentieth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said James Taylor, Her special license that I, the said James Taylor, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, or such. others as I, the said James
Taylor, my executors, administrators, or assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all-times thereafter during the
term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel.
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for." IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PRE-
PARATION OR MANUFACTURE OF MANURES," upon the condition (amongst others)
that I, the said James Taylor, by an instrument in writing under my hand
and seal, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause
the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said James Taylor, do hereby declare the
nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement, that is to say:-
My said Invention consists in the production of manure or fertilizing
matters, by mixing the waste grains or draff and hops after use by brewers
in the making of ale or porter, or the grains or draff after use by distillers,
with animal matter, in whatever form, or from whatever source obtained,
and in any proportion, such grains and hops being either used as they comé

page_text: from the brewer or distiller, or previously to the mixture with animal matter,
being reduced to a pulp or powder by any suitable apparatus, and such
grains and hops being employed separately or mixed together before they are
mixed with animal matter.
The said mixture of waste grain and hops and animal matter may be dried in
the usual way, and ground to a powder by any known means; or it may be
pressed into cakes and dried, and then applied to the purposes of manure; or
it may be mixed with what I call hereafter. phosphates, namely, coprolites,
bone ash, bones ground to powder.
After the combination of vegetable and animal matter has been thoroughly
mixed with the phosphates, a quantity of sulphuric, muriatic, or nitric acids,
sufficient to dissolve the phosphates, be added, and the mixture stirred till all
or the greater part of the phosphates are dissolved.
The grains and hops reduced or unreduced, and either together or separately,
may be mixed with phosphates and acids without the addition of animal
matter, in the manner herein-before described, and the mixture applied to the
purposes of manure.
The grains and hops may be reduced to pulp, either separately or together,
in any form of vessel sufficiently strong to bear the pressure by means of high-
pressure steam, and the grains and hops prepared in this way may be mixed
with animal matter in the manner before described, and the said mixture
may be dried by any of the ordinary processes and applied to the purposes
of manure; or it may be mixed with phosphates and acids, as before described,
and the mixture applied to the purposes of manure; or the grains and hops
prepared as before-mentioned may, without the addition of animal matter, be
mixed with phosphates and acids, as before described, and the mixture applied
to the purposes of manure.
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of my said
Invention, and the manner in which the same is or may be used or carried
into effect, I would observe, in conclusion, that I do not confine or restrict
myself to the precise details or arrangements which I have had occasion to
describe or refer to, as certain variations may be made therefrom without
deviating from the principles or main features of my said Invention; but what
I consider to be novel and original, and therefore claim as the Invention
secured to me by the herein-before in part recited Letters Patent, is,--
First, the application and use of a mixture of waste grains and hops, either
separately or together with animal matter, as herein-before described, to the
purposes of manure.
Second, the application and use of a mixture of waste grains and hops,

page_text: either separately or together with animal matter, with phosphates and acids,
as herein-before described, to the purposes of manure.
Third, the application and use of a mixture of waste grains and hops,
either separately or together with phosphates and acids, as herein-before
described, to the purposes of manure.
In witness whereof, I, the said James Taylor, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, the Twenty-third day of July, One thousand eight
hundred and fifty-seven.
JAS. TAYLOR. (L.S.)