IMPROVEMENTS IN OR APPLI- CABLE TO OVENS FOR BURNING COKE
Year: 1873

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Bustard, of Barnsley, in the County of
York, Contractor, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN OR APPLI-
CABLE TO OVENS FOR BURNING COKE."
Sealed the 28th April 1874, and dated the 30th October 1873.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Bustard at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 30th October 1873.
I, JOHN BUSTARD, of Barnsley, in the County of York, Contractor,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
OR APPLICABLE TO OVENS FOR BURNING COKE," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention are to increase the quantity of coke
produced from a given quantity of coal, to utilize the gases and heat
generated in the burning of coke, to facilitate the charging and dis-
charging of the ovens so as to produce a larger quantity of coke in a
given time, and to improve the construction of coke ovens without
increasing the cost.

page_text: Firstly. A saving of the time taken up by the usual method of cooling
the coke in the oven before it is discharged.
Secondly. As the ovens can be recharged before they become cool
combustion is recommenced much sooner than when the oven is cooled
down before being recharged. On this plan a set of ovens can be
charged and drawn and recharged within about forty-eight hours.

page_text: A further advantage of drawing the coke hot is in avoiding the
damage caused to the brickwork of the ovens by the usual method of
throwing in large quantities of cold water before the coke is drawn.
There is no increase of cost in erecting ovens on my plan as by placing
two rows of ovens back to back at the proper distance for width of flue
the ovens themselves form the side walls of the flue and the cost of
floor and covering of central flue is more than compensated for by the
reduced cost of the back walls being internal instead of external
walls.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said John Bustard in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 30th April 1874.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOHN
BUSTARD, of Barnsley, in the County of York, Contractor, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Thirtieth day of October, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-three, in the thirty-
seventh year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said John Bustard, Her special licence
that I, the said John Bustard, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, or such others as I, the said John Bustard, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no
others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
OR APPLICABLE TO OVENS FOR BURNING COKE," upon the condition (amongst
others) that I, the said John Bustard, my executors or administrators,
by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their
hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature
of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be per-
formed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent
Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date
of the said Letters Patent,

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said John Bustard, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement and accompanying Sheets of Drawings (that is to
say) :-
The objects of this Invention are to increase the quantity of coke
produced from a given quantity of coal, to utilize the gases and heat
generated in the burning of coke, to facilitate the charging and dis-
charging of the ovens so as to produce a larger quantity of coke in a
given time, and to improve the construction of coke ovens without
increasing the cost.
The increased quantity is produced and the gases and heat utilized by
building the ovens in two rows back to back with a flue running between
them, each oven having an aperture communicating with this flue,
which can be opened or closed when required by means of a suitable
damper. The heated gases from the ovens pass along this flue to a series
of boilers or pipes containing water, where steam is raised to supply the
engines at the pit, or the engines working the windlasses for discharging
the ovens (as herein-after described) or for other purposes.
When the heated gases are not required for use they can be passed
direct up the chimney shaft by using suitable dampers at the end of the
flue. This mode of construction produces quick draught in the flue and
perfect combustion in the ovens, and in consequence of the carbon and
other gases being drawn off quickly the coke is of improved quality, and
a larger quantity is produced from a given quantity of coal than is the
case with any other ovens now in use.
The improvement in charging is effected by having a tramway over
the top of the ovens and causing the pit corves or railway waggons to
travel along this tramway, and in having the aperture in the ovens for
charging between the rails, so that the corves or waggons may be casily
tilted or otherwise discharged and their contents fall direct into the
ovens.
The improvement in discharging is effected by placing a rake on the
floor of the oven before charging, with teeth projecting upwards. This
rake is covered with a sufficient thickness of clay to protect it from the
fire, and when the coke is sufficiently burnt and the gases drawn off the
doors are opened and the rake attached by a chain to the windlass, by

page_text: means of which the coke can be drawn out by the engine in one mass
while hot..
In order that this Invention may be more clearly understood I herein
give reference to two accompanying Sheets of Drawings marked with
figures and letters of reference, the same letters referring to the same
parts in the various views or Figures.
Fig. 1 is an elevation partly in section of a series of coke ovens con-
structed according to my Invention; Fig. 2 is a cross section taken
through the dotted line a, b, in Fig. 1; Fig. 3 is a plan view also partly
in section.
A, A¹, are two rows of ovens built back to back, with a flue B running
between them, each oven having an aperture C communicating with this
flue, which aperture can be opened or closed when required by means of
the damper D. The heated gases from the ovens pass along the flue B
to a series of boilers E containing water, where steam is raised to supply
the engines at the pit or the engines F for working the windlasses G for
discharging the ovens. When the heated gases are not required for use
they may be passed up the chimney shaft H by using the dampers J at
the end of the flue B. K is the tramway on the top of the ovens, and
L the apertures between the rails through which the ovens may be
charged from the corves or waggons M. Before charging the oven a
rake N is placed on the floor thereof with the teeth P projecting upwards.
This rake is covered with a sufficient thickness of clay to protect it from
the fire, the oven is then charged, and when the coke is sufficiently
burnt and the gases drawn off, the doors R are opened, and the rake
attached by a chain S to the windlass, and the coke drawn out by the
engine in one mass whilst hot.
The advantages of Drawing the coke hot are-
Firstly. A saving of the time taken up by the usual method of cooling
the coke in the oven before it is discharged.
Secondly. As the ovens can be recharged before they become cool,
combustion is recommenced much sooner than when the oven is cooled
down before being discharged.
A further advantage of drawing the coke hot is in avoiding the
damage caused to the brickwork of the ovens by the usual method of
fold entre hofore the 'aoke in Jeru

page_text: There is no increase of cost in erecting ovens on my plan, as by
placing two rows of ovens back to back at the proper distance for width
of flue, the ovens themselves form the side wall of flue, and the cost of
floor and covering of central flue is more than compensated for by
the reduced cost of the back walls being internal instead of external
walls.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Bustard, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Twenty-eighth day of April, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-four.