provements in the Manufacture of Ornamental Metallic Tubes, and in Tools or Appliances to be Employed therefor.
Year: 1890

page_text: Date of Application, 10th May, 1890
Complete Specification Left, 10th Mar., 1891-Accepted, 2nd May, 1891
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION
Improvements in the Manufacture of Ornamental Metallic Tubes,
and in Tools or Appliances to be Employed therefor.
I, CHARLES WILLMOTT, of 148, Monument Road, Birmingham, Warwickshire,
Designer, Modeller and Chaser, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to
be as follows:-
The object of this invention is the production of brass and other ductile metallic
tubes having small knobs or other ornamental parts projecting from their outer
surface so that such tubes may represent for instance sticks with projecting knots
or the said projections may be arranged in rows rings or otherwise either to form a
design or not according to taste.
I produce the said tubes by internal pressure applied at those parts where knobs
or other projections are required and I employ tools or appliances for this purpose
which are by preference constructed as follows:-
I provide a tubular mandril which fits more or less tightly inside the thin brass
or other ductile metal tube which is required to be ornamented. This mandril is
pierced with holes corresponding with the places where projections are required
on the tube, and in each of these holes is a steel or other hard pressure piece which
may he spherical or of other form corresponding with the shape of the required
projections on the tube. Within this mandril and projecting through its ends is a
draw bar which is about twice as long as the mandril. This draw bar is smaller
than the inside of the mandril so that the spherical or other pressure pieces when
resting on the draw bar do not project or only slightly project beyond the outer
surface of the mandril. On the draw bar is a swell (by preference made separate
therefrom and screwed at each end to the halves of the draw bar) of about the
same size and shape as the inside of the tube, this swell tapers down at each end to
the draw bar so that as the draw bar is moved along the mandril the spherical or
other pressure pieces will successively be forced outwardly beyond the outer surface
of the mandril and then fall back again within the mandril when the swell
has past.
These tools or appliances are used as follows:-The mandril with its internal
draw bar and spherical or other pressure pieces are placed within the tube to be
ornamented. The end of this tube and the mandril are then held against a stop as
on a draw bench and the draw bar is pulled along the tube which can very readily
be done on a draw bench. As the swell on the draw bar passes the spherical or
other pressure pieces it forces them in succession against the inside of the tube and
bulges those parts outwardly to form the projections required. When the swell
has passed along the mandril (the ends of which are by preference reduced to
prevent the swell coming out of the mandril) the spherical or other pressure pieces
having receded into the mandril the latter can be withdrawn from the tube. If
other knobs or projections are required on the tube between those thus formed the
tube need only be turned round on the mandril through a short space or moved
end wise thereon so as to bring other parts of the tube for the pressure pieces
to act upon.
The said pressure pieces may be of any form according to the shape of the
projections required upon the tube.
My invention is applicable for tubes of any shape in cross section whether such
tubes are round oval triangular square or of other shape.
I may employ a matrix made in sections to support the outside of the tube whilst
the inside is being operated upon in the manner above described.
My invention can be similarly applied to ornamenting taper tubes the said

page_text: tubular mandril being made taper outside to suit the tube but by preference
parallel inside.
My invention can also be similarly applied to tubes which are open at one end
only. In this case the draw bar projects only at one end of the mandril.
Dated this 9th day of May 1890.
CHARLES BOSWORTH KETLEY,
Agent for the Applicant.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Manufacture of Ornamental Metallic Tubes.
and in Tools or Appliances to be Employed therefor.
1. CHARLES WILLMOTT, of 148, Monument Road, Birmingham, Warwickshire,
Designer, Modeller and Chaser, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and
in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement :-
The object of this invention is the production of thin brass and other ductile
metallic tubes having small knobs or other ornamental parts projecting froin their
outer surface so that such tubes may represent for instance stick with projecting
knots or the said projections may be arranged in rows rings or otherwise either to
form a design or not according to taste.
Some tubes ornamented by my invention are illustrated on the accompanying
drawings by Figs. 1 to 8 both inclusive; but these are only intended as examples
and not as limiting my invention to the particular forms illustrated. The tube A
shown by Fig. 1 is parallel and round in cross section and ornamented by small
dome-shaped knobs a arranged in rows; in the round tube shewn by Fig. 2 the
said dome-shaped knobs are arranged in a spiral form in Fig. 3 they are arranged
in rings round the tube; in the tube shewn by Fig. 4 the projections a² are of an
elongated taper form and arranged in rows; in the tube shewn by Fig. 5 the pro-
jections a are somewhat similar to those shewn by Fig. 4 hut arranged in pairs at
opposite sides of the tube; in the tube shewn by Fig. 6 the projections a³ are
oblong and arranged in rows; the tube shewn hy Fig. 7 is hexagonal and has
dome-shaped projections arranged in rows along the angles, and Fig. 8 is a round
taper tube ornamented by dome-shaped projections arranged in rows,
1 produce the projections a on the said tubes by internal pressure applied at
those parts where the knobs or other projections a² are required and employ
tools or appliances for this purpose which I will describe by referring to the
remaining figures of the drawings of which Fig. 9 represents a piece of ordinary
plain parallel round brass or other thin ductile metallic tube before being orna-
mented; Fig. 10 represents on an enlarged scale in longitudinal section the said
tube partly ornamented and the tools for ornamenting it: Fig. 11 represents in
longitudinal section and in end elevation a part of one of the said tools, to wit, the
draw bar separately; Fig. 12 shews on a reduced scale the tubular mundril; and
Fig. 12° is a modification of the same; Fig. 13 represents the draw bar and
Fig. 14 one of the pressure pieces all being parts of the said tools as hereinafter
described Fig. 15 represents in part sectional elevation and Fig. 16 in cross
section the sail tools and a machine suitable for operating them; Fig. 17 is a part
sectional elevation, Fig. 18 is a plan and Fig. 19 a cross section of a part of the
said machine Fig. 20 shews in longitudinal section and Fig. 20" in cross section
and Fig. 21 in plan tools formed according to my invention for ornamenting tubes
like that shewn by Fig. 6 by oblong projections; Fig. 22, 23 and 24 illustrate
tools for ornamenting tubes by clongated taper projections a similar to those
illustrated by Figs. 4 and 5; Fig. 25 represents in longitudinal section tools for
ornamenting taper tubes similar to that shewn by Fig. 8; Fig. 26 illustrates a
modification of the said draw bar and Fig. 26° is a further modification of the
same; and Figs, 27, 28, 29, 30 and 31 illustrate my invention as applied to

page_text: ornamenting tubes which are closed at one end such for instance as are used for
knife handles or for parts of pencil cases.
I will first describe my invention as applied to the ornamentation of thin ductile
metallic parallel tubes such as those shewn by Figs. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7 and refer
more particularly to these figures and to Figs. 9 to 24 both inclusive in which the
same letters and numerals indicate the same or corresponding parts. I provide
a tubular mandril B of a size to fit easily inside the thin tube A to be ornamented
and by preference rather longer than the said tube so as to facilitate the removal
of the finished tube from the mandril and the placing of a fresh tube thereon as
hereinafter described. This mandril B can very conveniently be made of a piece
of thin cold drawn steel tube. The mandril B is pierced with holes corre-
sponding with the places where the projections a² are required on the tube and
fitting easily in each of these holes is a steel or other hard pressure piece C
which may be spherical or of other form corresponding with the shape of the
required projections on the tube A. In Figs. 10, 12, 14 and 15 the pressure
pieces Care represented as spherical, in Fig. 20 as oblong and in Figs. 22, 23
and 24 as taper. Within the mandril B and projecting through its ends is a draw
bar D which is about twice as long as the mandril. This draw bar D is so much
smaller in diameter than the inside of the mandril B that the spherical or other
pressure pieces C when resting on the draw bar do not project or only very slightly
project beyond the outer surface of the mandril B. On the draw bar D and by
preference in the centre thereof is a swell D² of about the same size and shape as
the inside of the mandril so as to fit easily therein and tapering down at each end
to the draw bar D so that as the draw bar is moved along the mandril the spherical
or other pressure pieces C will successively be forced outwardly beyond the outer
surface of the mandril and then fall back again within the mandril when the swell
has passed. As the swell D has to be made of steel and hardened I prefer to
make it separate from the draw bar D and to screw it at each end to the draw
bar as shewn by Figure 11; or the swell can be made in a piece with the draw bar.
On each end of the draw bar D is a collar, marked respectively d d small enough
to pass through the tube A and by preference made loose from the draw bar D
and fixed thereto by screwing. These collars are to facilitate gripping the draw
bar to move it to and fro as hereinafter described. The ends of the mandril B
are, or may be, reduced as shewn in Fig. 12 by an internal ring soldered or
otherwise fixed therein so as to prevent the swell coming out of the mandril.
The tools or appliances above described are used as follows:-One end of the
draw bar D and mandril B is inserted in the tube A and the latter is moved along
the mandril, the pressure pieces C being placed in the holes before the holes are
covered by the tube A. The pressure pieces C are thus retained in the holes &
by resting against the draw bar D or the tube A. The draw bar D is then pulled
along the mandril B, which can very readily be done on an ordinary tube drawing
bench by connecting the end of the draw bar D to the draw chain, the mandril
meanwhile being held against a stop such as that marked e' in the draw bench
shewn by Figs. 15 and 16. As the swell D2 passes the spherical or other
pressure pieces C it forces them in succession against the inside of the tube A
see Figs. 10, 20 and 22 and bulges those parts outwardly to form the
projections a required. As the swell Ds passes the pressure pieces C' they recede,
or are free to recede, into the mandril B and when all the pressure pieces C have
thus been passed by the swell D² the tube A is free to be withdrawn from the
mandril B. In order to prevent the pressure pieces C falling out of the holes b
as the ornamented tube is being removed from the mandril I push the ornamented
tube off by pushing a fresh tube on to the mandril, so that the holes are not
exposed to view. The draw bar D is preferably made twice as long as the
mandril B and the swell D' made taper at both ends so that it can be moved along
the mandril in either direction and operate on a fresh tube between each travel
and thus work more quickly than if the draw bar were made to work in one
direction only but it will be evident that the draw bar may be made to work in one

page_text: mandril B.
direction only if required. When the draw bar is made to work in one direction
only it is only necessary to make the swell D³ taper at one end as shown by
Fig. 26. In this case the swell D is made long enough to project through the
When the draw bar is arranged to work in both directions both of its ends have
to be connected to the draw chain or draw chains which can be led around gear
wheels at each end of the draw bench (see Fig. 15). 1 do not make any
claim in respect of this draw bench 1 merely describe it as a good one for
operating the draw bar D. On the same shaft as one of the wheels is a hand
wheel or other means for turning the shaft to and fro and imparting the
necessary backward and forward motion to the draw bar. In order to quickly
disconnect the draw chain from the ends of the draw bar each end of the chain
may have a coupling link as shown by Figs. 17, 18 and 19 which is slotted at 72
to drop on to the draw bar and engage with its collars d. The stops c'e
the draw bench are slotted vertically as shewn in Fig. 16 so that the draw bar can
he dropped therein or lifted therefrom these slot being smaller than the
mandril B.
וויי
If other knobs or projections a² are required on the tube A between those thus
formed, the tube A need ouly be turned round on the mandril through a short
space or unwed endwise thereon, or turned round and moved endwise through a
short spare so as to bring other parts of the tube over the holes & for the pro-ure
pieces C to net upon.
When, as in the example illustrated by Fig. 22, 23 and 21, the pressure pieces (
are taper the smaller end of the pressure pieces (i- connected to the mandril 1 to
prevent that end falling down into the mandril and becoming wedged by the
lge D. This can very conveniently be done, as shown by Figs. 22, 23 and 24
by forming a short projecting pip on the smaller end of each of the pressure
pieces C which fit mosely in corresponding holes drilled in the mandril B. In
putting these pressure pieces in the holes this pip is first inserted in the
hole
It will be seen that the pressure pieces (may be of many forms other than
those shewn according to the shape of the projections required upon the tube and
that my invention is applicable for tube of any shape in cross section whether
such tubes are round oval triangular square or of other shape the mandril Band
th draw bar D with its swell D being inade to correspond.
The pun tril may (see Fig. 12°) be perforated by as many holes as possible a
short distance apart and the balls or other pressure pieces only inserted in those
holes where projections are required on the tube. One mandril, such as shewn by
Fig. 12, will then serve for ornamenting tubes in different patterns.
My invention can be similarly applied to ornamenting thin taper tubes the
tullar mandril 13 being made taper outside (see Fig. 25) to suit the tube to be
ornamented but by preference parallel inside. It will be seen that the pressure
pieces Chave in this case to be made gradually longer or thicker towards the
larger end of the mandril.
When the knobs or projections on the tube A are arranged in rings as shewn in
Fig. 3 or are otherwise arranged so that there are intervals of unornamented tube
as long as the swell D, the draw bar D may be made with two or more swells
(such as those marked D D³ in Fig. 26°) at intervals apart corresponding with the
spaces of umornamented tube so as to operate on the pressure pieces C at different
parts of the tube at the same time.
I have described the perforated mandril B and the tube thereon as stationary
and the pressure pieces (as being forced out in succession by the swell Dor
swells moving along inside the mandril B as this is what I have found to answer
best in practice, but it will be evident that without departing from the nature of
my invention may obtain the same result by making the draw bar D and its
swell D or swells stationary and moving thereon the inandril B and the tube A
carried thereby.

page_text: My invention can (sec Figs. 27, 28, 29, 30 and 31) be similarly applied to
ornamenting tubes which are open at one end only such for instance as tubes for
knife handles or for parts of pencil cases. A tube A of this kind, ornamented by
tools arranged as shewn by Fig. 27, is illustrated by Fig. 31. The lower dome
shaped end of this tube is closed and the other end is open. The draw bar D
projects only at one end of the mandril B and the other end of the mandril B is
fixed to the draw bar D. In this case the draw bar D is stationary and the
swell D is made to slide thereon and produced beyond the open end of the
mandril B and furnished with collars d³ or otherwise formed so that it can be
gripped and moved to and fro. The mandril B draw bar D and swell D³ can very
conveniently be arranged in a hand press I as shewn by Fig. 27. The fixed draw
bar D is carried by the lug I of the press and the sliding swell D2 is moved to
and fro thereon and in the bearing 12 by the hand lever J central at j. A tube
such as K, fitting easily on the mandril B is used to slide down after the tube A as
the latter is being drawn of the mandril to prevent the balls or other pressure
pieces C falling out. This tube may have a flange which, when the tube has
covered all the holes in the mandril, comes into contact with the stop L and is thus
prevented from moving down too far. When the tube A is placed on the mandril
as shewn in Fig. 27 the hand lever J has to be pulled down to move the swell D'
along the mandril B and force out the pressure picces C in succession as in the
other arrangements herein before described. On the hand lever and swell D* being
raised the pressure pieces C successively recede or are free to recedle and lie against
the draw bar D and the ornamented tube A can be pushed off the mandril by
sliding down the tube K to close the hole in the mandril.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. The manufacture of thin ornamental metallic tubes by forming projecting
knobs elongated knots or like parts above the original outer surface thereof by
means of the perforated tubular mandril with its pressure pieces applied to the
inside of the tube in combination with the swell or swells of the draw bar acting
upon the said pressure pieces in succession, substantially in the manner hereinbefore
described.
2. The improved tools or appliances for ornamenting thin ductile metallic tubes
by forming by internal pressure knobs elongated knots or like parts above the
original surface thereof hereinbefore described and illustrated by the accompanying
drawings, that is to say the combination of the perforated tubular mandril adapted
to fit in the tube to be ornamented, the pressure pieces fitting in the said
perforations or in some of them and the draw bar with its swell or swells all
arranged and operating substantially in the manner and for the purposes set
forth.
Dated this 7th day of March 1801
CHARLES BOSWORTH KETLEY,
Agent for the Applicant.