CERTAIN MACHINERY FOR MAKING A NEW OR IMPROVED DESCRIPTION OF HEDDLES OR HEALDS
Year: 1835

page_text: ANDERSON, of Glasgow, Manufacturer, send greeting.
WHEREAS His most Excellent Majesty King William the Fourth, by His
Charter of Donation or Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain,
bearing date at Westminster, the Twenty-fifth day of March, One thousand
eight hundred and thirty-five, in the fifth year of His reign, did, for Himself,
His heirs and successors, give and grant unto James Berrie, of Glasgow,
Manufacturer, now deceased, and me, the said David Anderson, and our exors,
adñiors, and assigns, His especial licence, full power, sole privilege and
authority, that the said James Berrie, and I, the said David Anderson, our
exors, admiors, and assigns, and every of them, by themselves or by their
deputy or deputies, servants or agents, or such others as the said James
Berrie, and I, the said David Anderson, our exors, adñiors, and assigns, should
at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times
thereafter during the term of years therein expressed, should and lawfully
might make, use, exercise, and vend, within that part of the United Kingdom
of Great Britain and Ireland called England, the Dominion of Wales, and
Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, the Invention described in the said Letters
Patent as follows, viz., "CERTAIN MACHINERY FOR MAKING A NEW OR IMPROVED
DESCRIPTION OF HEDDLES OR HEALDS;" in which said Letters Patent is contained
a proviso obliging the said James Berric, and me, the said David Anderson,
by an instrument in writing under our hands and seals, or under the hand and
seal of one of us, particularly to describe and ascertain the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, and to cause the

page_text: same to be inrolled in His Majesty's High Court of Chancery within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent, as in and by the said Letters Patent, reference being thereunto bad,
will more fully and at large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
David Anderson, for myself and the exors and adiiors of the said deceased
James Berrie, do hereby declare that the nature of our said Invention, and
the manner of carrying the same into effect, are fully described and ascertained
as follows, reference being had to the Nine Sheets of Drawings hereunto
annexed, that is to say :-
Whereas heddles or healds are usually made by hand with a small frame,
the successive laps or coils of yarn which form the clasps of the hedles
being fastened respectively by a semi-tye (like the first tye or half of
a common knot) to the backing cords at the backs of the heddle bars
Now our Invention
as shewn in Figure a, Sheet 1, of the Drawings.
consists in certain machinery in which bobbins carrying suitable thread or
yarn are mounted; videlicet, one of the said bobbins carries thread for the
(bobbins) clasps of the heddles, and is carried round by the operation of
wheelwork, thread being drawn off it to lay or lap the thread which it carries
over stationary parts and round the backing cords into the form of clasps laid
successively side by side, and others of the said bobbins carry a second
thread, which we call the tye thread (and which is not used in ordinary
heddles), and these are turned at intervals to cause the tye threads to cross
the clasp threads in particular positions, and to coil them in successive coils
round the backing cords, and then by means of certain needles and fixed
stops both the threads are pulled together into loops projecting out from the
backs of the backing cords respectively, and every pair of loops made is drawn
through the pair of loops previously made, and that previous pair of loops
is drawn tight upon the backing cord. Wherefore, although there is no
actual knot tye to tie each clasp separately to its corresponding backing cord,
yet the several clasps on the same side, or half of the heddles, are all very
firmly bound to their backing cords and to one another, and cannot work
loose. The sketches, Figures b, c, d, e, Sheet 1, shew the manner in which
the clasps are all attached by looping to the backing cord. It will be scen
by sketch c that the clasps are one continuous thread which is laid round the
backing cord in spiral coils, and the other thread, which we call the tye
thread, is also coiled round the backing cord in spiral cords, as shown by
Figure d. The looping of the clasps and of the tye thread being made, as I
have stated, by certain parts which, every time a turn of the tye thread is

page_text: made round the backing cord, draw the said tye thread into a loop b as shewn
by Figure e, and the same parts draw the clasp thread with the tye thread
into a corresponding loop; videlicet, every lap of the clasp thread is drawn
into a loop a, Figure c, with one of the loops 6 of the tye thread, and every
pair of loops a, b, thus made is drawn through the preceding pair of loops a, b,
as is shewn in Figure 6, which represents a part of the heddles magnified, and
with the ties or loops loosened to shew how they are drawn one through the
other. It will be seen by the sketches that the tye thread is laid in close or
tight coils round the backing cord, while the clasp thread is necessarily laid
in longer loose coils to form the open clasps. The tye thread if laid alone, as
represented in Figure e, with every coil drawn into a loop, and that loop
drawn through the preceding ones, and the next through it, and so on, each
coil, being drawn tight on the backing cord, would obviously hold very fast on
the backing cord after a certain number of coils, and would not unravel;
whereas the clasp thread, by reason of its being laid in longer loose coils,
would, if laid and looped by itself, unravel or get loose and out of shape. But
as each loop of the clasp thread is drawn through the preceding loop of the
tye thread, as well as through its own preceding loop, it follows that the tye
thread forms a firm binding or lashing, wherewith the clasps, as we have said,
are bound together and to the backing cords, although there is not anything of
what is commonly called a knot.
The difference between the binding or lashing of the new or i improved description
of heddles made by our machinery to the backing cords, and the tye or half knot
used in making common heddles, being now pointed out, I proceed to explain the
machinery by which we make such new or improved description of heddles. We
have adopted two modes of constructing it which act on the same general plan
or system; that is, their principal operative parts are the same, but they differ in
some particulars, which will be pointed out with reference to the Drawings in
the sequel of this Specification. 'Sheet II. of the annexed Sheets of Drawings
is a side view or.sectional elevation, shewing one mode of constructing our ma-
chinery; Sheet III. is a plan of the same; and Sheet IV. is a front or end view of
certain parts drawn of the full size. All the operating parts are mounted on
a wooden frame A, A. The outer ends of the heddles, videlicet, those which
are to go round the heddle bars, are made upon two backing cords y, which
extend horizontally from one end of the machine to the other; videlicet, at one
end they are fastened to the rims of a pair of light iron drums 17, framed.
together by their rods, and mounted on a horizontal spindle laid in bearings
attached to upright jambs A', and at the opposite end they pass each through a
fixed tube 21, which is fastened by a nut and screw to the frame of the machine.

page_text: The backing cords go right through these-tubes 21, and out at the back of the
machine over pullies, and are fastened to pulley wheels 22, on the axes of which
are other pullies 28 loaded with friction cords and weights, see Sheet 2, to keep
the backing cords tightly strained, but so as to let them be drawn forwards at
intervals, as I will hereafter explain. The runner or middle ends of the
heddles where the clasps are linked into each other for the warp threads to go
through them, are made over a fixed horizontal bar or rod e, which I shall call
the laying bar.
.
There are four principal movements to be performed in this machine,
videlicet,-
First, that which lays the clasp threads round the backing cords, and the
laying bar e.
Secondly, that which laps the tye threads round the backing cords.
Thirdly, that which forms the pairs of loops, and draws each successively
through the preceding pair.
Fourthly, that which winds up or draws forward the backing cords and
heddles as fast as these are made.
The first of these movements is produced by the following parts on a short
axis B mounted in bearings. At the top of the frame is a crank C linked by a
succeeding rod D to a treadle, which, being worked by the foot, the axis B.is
turned round. On it is a pinion 6, which takes into the teeth of a spur wheel c..
The said spur
wheel is a ring of teeth bolted on to the side of an iron circle
or flange, neither the ring of teeth nor the circle having any arms or axis, so
that there is a clear way through them, see the front view thereof, Shect 4.
For distinction, I shall call this ring of teeth throughout the description, the
great wheel; the iron circle turns round upon three hard steel friction rollers
On one side of the
mounted in brackets bolted to the frame, sce Sheet 4.
great wheel is a stud carrying a bobbin 5, filled with thread (or whatever yarn
the heddles are to be made of) for making the clasps of the heddles on one
side of the machine,-videlicet, that side which the spectator is supposed to
be looking at in the side view, Sheet 2; and see also the plan-for the clasp
thread is only laid by the machinery on one side, so as to make one half of the
clasps of the heddles, and on the opposite side the clasp thread is laid by a girl
furnished with a bobbin full of suitable thread or yarn, as I will hereafter
describe. The clasp thread goes off from the bobbin 5, see the plan, Sheet 3,
through a guide bar p fixed to the rim of the great wheel, and thence is
threaded through the short end of a lever 19-poised on a pivot on the guide
bar P, thence through an eye in the long arm of the lever 19, and thence
through an eye at the end of the guide bar p, which bar I will call the layer.

page_text: The long arm of the lever 19 is pressed away from the layer by a spring 20,
which causes sufficient tension on the thread to prevent its being drawn off the
bobbin 5 through the several eyes aforesaid, without some little exertion of
force. And note, these several eyes are merely bits of glass tube tied on with
string. From the end of the layer p the thread goes away to the backing
cord on this side of the machine, see the plan, the end of the said thread being
fastened thereto. It will be easily understood now, by inspection of the Figures,
that whenever the great wheel is turned the end of the layer p moves in a
circle round about the fixed laying bar e, and draws thread off the bobbin 5,
which it therefore passes or lays in a long open loop or clasp round the said
laying bar and backing cord. Note, the lever 19, with its spring 20, is merely
for the purpose of keeping a proper tension on the thread, which may be pro-
duced by other modes of construction.
Another is shewn in Sheet 2, where the clasp thread goes from the bobbin 5,
through a glass eye in the end of a bar or blade 18 attached to the great wheel,
and thence through eyes tied to a layer p, which is screwed to a block of wood o,
screwed on to the inside of the great wheel. Two springs 6, 7, press against
a collar or friction roller put on the end of the bobbin 5, and cause sufficient
friction to make the bobbin resist thread being drawn off it without some little
effort. The effect is just the same as by means of a tension lever 19, such as
in Sheet 3, but we find the latter mode preferable in working worsted yarn.
Movement for laying the tye thread round the backing cord.-The tye
thread is wound on a bobbin s, see Sheets 2 and 3, which is put on a spindle
rivetted into a bent arm. 24, fastened on a tube m, which turns freely ou the
fixed tube 21. On the opposite side of that tube m is screwed a bar 25,
which carries a lever q, the long end of which is pressed away from the tube
by a spring. The bar 25 carries also two eyes screwed into it at 26 and 27,
Sheet 2. The tye thread goes away from its bobbin 8, first through the eye 27,
then under the lever q, through the eye 26, back under the tail of the lever g,
up through a hole therein at 28, and over the top of the lever, then down
through a hole in its outer or long end, and through a glass eye at r, tied to
the end of the bar 25, whence the end goes away to its backing cord, and is
fastened thereto. By means of this tension lever q a certain amount of
resistance is produced to the drawing off of the thread from the bobbin s. And
note, there is a tye thread bobbin at each side of the machine, thus mounted
on one of the tubes m, see the plan, Sheet 3. On the outer tubes m, at the
ends near to the frame, pinions 29 are fixed, which are caught at intervals by
toothed sectors or rings of teeth that are rivetted to the back of the great
wheel. The ring of teeth d is an external one, and turns the pinion belonging

page_text: to the tube m and bobbin s, of the side of the machine opposite to the one
drawn in Sheet 2. But the ring of teeth d', that turns the pinion belonging to
the tube m and bobbin 8, on the side of the machine drawn in Sheet 2; is internal,
see also Sheet 4, where both are shewn. Now, when the great wheel is turned
round, the said internal and external sectors d' and d catch at particular
moments the pinions 29 respectively, and give them a turn; the sectors being
just long enough to cause the bobbins s to make each one complete revolution
round the tubes 21, which are their centres of motion, by which the tye threail
on each side of the machine makes a turn round the backing cord, as I will here-
after more minutely explain. And by one of the sectors being internal and
the other external, the two opposite bobbins s are caused to turn in opposite
directions; that is, the great wheel turning in the direction of the arrow, Sheet 4,
the bobbins s go up outside of the backing cords towards the centre of the
machine, and round the inside of the backing cords and back under them,
away from the centre of the machine; see the arrows which mark the course of
the bobbins s, in Sheet 4. And note, the bobbins s are prevented from moving,
except when caused to revolve by the sectors d and d¹ catching the pinions 29,
by means of the springs, one of which is applied to each pinion 29, catching
upon a pin y rivetted into the back thereof, see Sheet 4; when the sector
d or d¹ catches its respective pinion, it gives it a turn in spite of the spring,
which is pushed away; but, by the time the revolution of the bobbin is-com-
plete, the aforesaid pin y comes round back into its former place, the spring
catches instantly upon it, and the sector at the same time quitting the pinion,
it ceases turning and resists being moved either by the tension of the thread
or any jerking in the movements of the machine.
Movement for forming the loops and drawing them through each other.-
This is done by means of needles, one on each side of the machine,
which have barbs or long open hooks at their ends, and which go forward
at particular periods with the barbs open through the pairs of loops that
have been just made by the tye threads and clasp threads that were
lapped round. the backing cords by the preceding series of movements, and
then they remain in a position for the clasp threads and tye threads (which are
being laid at that turn of the great wheel) to be laid in the open. barbs, and
then they are suddenly drawn back, and in going back the barbs of the needles
are closed and pass clear through and out of the loops previously made,
drawing through the same loops in the closed barbs the tye threads and clasp
threads that have just been laid; in doing which the said first pair of loops is
thrown off each needle entirely and left on the backing cord to which it
belongs, while the last-laid threads are kept on both the backing cord and the

page_text: needle, and are pulled round a fixed stop placed between the needle and the
backing cord, whereby they are pulled or held off the backing cord in the shape
of open loops, such as shewn by the sketches b, c, d, e, in Sheet 1, and herein.
before described. Note, there is a groove formed in the side of each needle
for the point of the barb to bury itself in when it is closed by the spring æ, in
order that it may not catch against the thread of the loop it has to throw off,
but it may go clear through it with certainty. The motion of the needles is
produced thus:-They are fixed into sliding bolts u, Sheets 2 and 3, which rest
and slide in guides bolted to fixed horizontal frames 30 screwed on the jambs A*
of the frame. (Note, I will describe one needle and its apparatus, the other
is the same.) The sliding bolt u is pushed backwards and forwards at intervals
by an upright lever 32 keyed on a horizontal axis 33, which lies in bearings
attached to the jambs A*. On the same axis is keyed a double-armed lever, 8, 8,
one end of which has a curved plate or cam 34 bolted to it, see Sheet 2 and
Sheet 4, and the other has a heavy weight suspended from it by a rod 35. The
cam 34 is acted upon at intervals by a wiper 36 (see the forms thereof in the
large. Figure, Sheet 4), which depresses that end of the lever 8, 8, and
thereby throwing forward the upper end of the lever 32, runs the needle
out, that is, towards the great wheel, and keeps it out for a certain time,
videlicet, from the time that the cam 34 is depressed so far as for its
curvature to be concentric with the circular part of the wiper 36, until the
wiper has passed away from it. But as soon as the wiper leaves the cam 34
the balance weight drops suddenly, and, throwing the lever 32 backwards into
the position shewn in Sheet 2, draws the needle back with a very sharp and
almost instantaneous motion. In going out or towards the great wheel the
barb of the needles remains open, but in returning it is shut and kept shut
long enough to pass clear through the loops made by its previous running in.
To effect this there is attached to the needle frame 30 a spring x, see Sheets 2
and 3, which tends to throw itself against the needle and shut its barb when-
ever the same passes by the end of the spring, and another spring v is screwed
to the end of the sliding bolt u, which spring has a tooth 37 formed at its end
of the shape shewn in Figure f, Sheet 1. Now, as the needle goes out the
the spring v going with it, the inclined end a of the tooth 37 catches against
the end 6 of a stop or double inclined plane 38 fixed to the needle frame, and is
thereby turned outwards to bear against the spring a, and push it away from the
needle; and the position and length of the stop 38 are so adjusted that it acts
just as long as the barb of the needle is passing by the end of the spring ;
wherefore, as I have stated, the barb remains open while the needle is going
out; but when it returns by the fall of the balance weight (the wiper 36
having released the cam 34), then the edge c of the tooth 37 of the spring v, in

page_text: returning, is caught or intercepted by the edge d of the stop 38; and-by reason
of the shapes of the corresponding ends of the tooth 37 and stop 38 the
spring v is now forced inside of the stop or towards the needle; wherefore, as
the barb passes by the end of the spring x, that end bearing against it, the
barb is kept closed. All this needle movement is double; videlicet, there are
corresponding parts 32, w, v, 1, 37 and 38, on each side of the machine, to
transmit to the needles and modify the motion produced by the wiper 36 and
balance weight. How the loops are formed which connect the heddles together
and to the backing cords, I shall describe more minutely in going through the
operation of the machine.
Winding-up movement for drawing forward the heddles as they are
made. I have already described how the backing cords are 'fastened at
either end; and kept strained every time a complete heddle, that is, a pair
of clasps, is made; or, in reference to the motions of the machinery itself,
once for every turn of the great wheel it is requisite that the backing cords
should be drawn onwards so much as is equivalent to the space occupied by a
complete heddle; as, for instance, if there were twenty heddles per inch then
the backing cords would have to be drawn forward a twentieth of an inch
once for every-turn of the great wheel, because at every turn of the great
wheel a complete pair of clasps is made. This is done by the following
parts Outside of one of the side jambs A³ an arm q is keyed on the
cross axis 33; the arm 9 is linked by an adjustable pin to another arm 10
poised on a centre pin fixed to the jamb A', and the opposite end of
the arm 10 is linked to a lever 11, which carries a click 39 dropping
on to the teeth of a ratchet wheel 12; on the axis of that ratchet wheel
is a pinion 13 turning a wheel 14, and on the axis of that a pinion 15
turning a wheel 16 on the axis of the two light iron drums 17, to which the
backing cords are fastened, as I have already stated. Now, every time the
balance weight drops, the end of the arm 10, linked to the arm 9, is depressed,
and, raising the lever 11, lifts the click 39 over a tooth of the ratchet 12; and
whenever the wiper 36 depresses the cam 34 (running the needles out) the
outer end of the arm 10 is depressed, and, drawing down the lever 11, pulls
down or back the click 39, and turns the ratchet round a tooth, the train of
wheelwork 13, 14, 15, 16, reducing the motion so much as that the drums 17
shall wind up a length of backing cord suitable to the number of heddles per
inch. Note, there is a second click to hold the ratchet wheel back when the
acting click 39 quits its bold of one tooth to be pushed forward to catch
another. This second click is shewn in the Drawing, Sheet 8.
There are some other movements having a distinct effect besides the four
movements just described; but I shall defer the explanation thereof till I have

page_text: described the entire operation of making heddles one after the other by the
foregoing parts, as they are the parts which concur in the making of heddles.
I have described that the clasp thread is laid on one side by a girl and
on the other by a layer drawing thread off a bobbin mounted on the great
wheel. Now, to commence the making of heddles, the girl first takes the
end of the thread wound on each of the tye-thread bobbins s, and fastens
it with a knot to any part of the corresponding backing cord. The machine
is then set in motion by working the treadle aforesaid to turn the axis B,
and the great wheel is turned until its external and internal sectors d and
d have caught the pinions of the loose tubes m, m, respectively, and made
each tye-thread bobbin perform one complete revolution round its tube 21.
During the same time the wiper 36 will have depressed the lever 8 and run
the two needles out with their barbs open. The effect of the tye-thread
bobbins having made a revolution, and the needles being at the same time
slowly run out, is, that the said tye-thread bobbins will have gone upwards
over the needles and backing cords towards the centre of the machine, then
down and under the needles and backing cords, and back into their first or
quiescent position, shewn in Sheet 4, the threads having made bends or
coils round the backing cords and needles, and the barbs of the needles having
been run out beyond those bends; see the sketches, Figures g, g', g³, and h,.
Sheet 1, which represent different positions of the bobbin in the course of one
revolution. The said sketches represent the several positions of the bobbin s
on that side of the machine indicated on the plan Sheet 3, as the one where
the layer p operates, the spectator being supposed to stand there looking at
the machine. When the bobbin has made one quarter of a turn, it will be in
the position shewn by the sketch Figure g¹; when it has made half a turn, it
will be in the position shewn by the sketch g; when it has made three fourths
of a turn the positions of the parts appear nearly the same, only of course the
tye thread has got nearly vertically under the needle and backing cord, and is
going to begin to ascend. When the bobbin has made a complete turn the
parts will be of course again in the position of the sketch Figure g, Sheet 1;
whence they started. The machine is now stopped. The position of its
parts will be this:-The needles will be out to the entrance of their
motion. The wiper 36 will be nearly quitting the cam 34. The tye-
thread bobbins will be in a position nearly on a level with the backing
cords, as shewn by the sketch Fig. 9, Sheet 1; but the tye thread will
be bent or coiled round the backing cord and needle, as shewn by the
sketch Figure h. The end of the 'clasp thread is then wound off its bob-
bin 5 (on one side of the machine), and drawn through the eye at the end

page_text: of the layer p, and is laid in or put through the open barb, of the needle,
leaving the end loose or flying; see the sketch Fig. i. And on the other sido
of the machine the girl winds off the end of the thread from the bobbin full
that she holds in her hand, and passes it into the open barb of the needle on
her side of the machine, leaving also a long or flying loose end...The great
wheel is then turned on, and a very little further revolution thereof causes the
wiper, 86 to quit the cam 34 of the horizontal-lever-8,-whereby-the-balance.
weight is suddenly allowed to fall, and, throwing back the upright armi 32, it
draws the needles back with an instantaneous' motion. In going back thus,
the barb of each needle, draws back the tye thread; see the sketch Figure-i,
Sheet 1, and also the clasp thread that have been just laid in the barb with
the tye thread. In passing by the end of the spring the barb is shut, as
above described; and in passing by the end of the fixed needle frame 30, the
tye thread is bent-round the corner thereof, sco the sketch Figure 1, Sheet-1;
into a loop, that corner being a little rounded to prevent injuring the thread
when it intercepts it. But the heddle or clasp threads not being yet fastened
to the backing cords, and therefore being unstrained, arc. drawn back with the
tye threads, but are not bent into loops. Now, the girl takes (on her side of
the machine) the loose end of the heddle or clasp thread; and passes it round
the tye thread and the backing cord with a tye, and then takes away the said
loose end, and niakes it fast to some part of the backing cord; see the sketch
Figure m, Sheet 1. A fast knot is thus made at a, Figure m; the object of
which is to secure the first clasp or heddle made to the backing cord (for if
that were only secured by looping as the following ones are), the whole miglit
get unravelled or run out; but this knot needs only be made for the first clasp.
The like operation is performed at the other side of the machine: viz-the
girl takes the loose end of the clasp or heddle thread, and making a knot
therewith round the tye thread and backing cord, carries it away and fastens
it at the other end of the said backing cord. These preparations being made
the machinery is ready to be started and kept in continuous motion to make
the heddles one after another. At starting for that purpose the needles are
back in their recesses, as shewn in Sheet 2. The tye-thread bobbins are both
standing still. Now, the great wheel beginning to turn, the layer p moves
round in a circular path, rising and drawing thread off the bobbin 5 up with
it; and as it passes over and then away from and round back again under the
fixed laying bar e, in the direction of the arrow, Shect 4, it' lays or laps the
thread over it, and, then proceeding downwards, goes back under its backing
cord. A little before it begins to turn up outside of the backing cord the
wiper 36 comes into contact with the cam 34, and, pressing it down, runs the

page_text: needles out gently, so that they shall be out by the time the layer p begins to
take the clasp thread up again, in order that the said thread may go up
towards the laying bar e outside of the needle, as well as outside of the backing
cord. As before stated, in going out the barbs of the needles are allowed to
remain open, the ends of the springs a being forced out of their way as they
pass (by the operation of the stops or double inclined planes 38 and the
teeth 37 at the end of the springs v). But as soon as the barb of each needle
has passed the end of the spring a, the tooth 37 has also passed the end of the
corresponding inclined plane 38, and the spring x is thus allowed to fall in
ready to press against and shut the barb of the needle when it returns.
As
soon as the needle has got full out into the position of the sketch, Figure r,
Sheet 1, the wiper 36 ceases to depress the cam 34, the circular part of the
cam being, by the depression thereof, concentric with the circular part of the
wiper, whereby the cam 34 is kept down but not depressed farther, and the
needles remain out and stationary. Now, just at this period, or a little after,
the sectors d and d¹ of the great wheel catch respectively the pinions 29 of
the loose tubes m, and begin to make the tye-thread bobbins s revolve a
second time round those tubes. Note, they turn as aforesaid in opposite
directions, viz, both towards or both away from the centre of the great wheel
at the same time; see the arrows, Sheet 4. When the tye-thread bobbins
have made another turn they will be in the same position as in the before-
mentioned sketch, Figure g, Sheet 1; but now the tye thread will have made
a complete oblique bend or coil round the backing cord and needle and up
again, as shewn by the sketch r, which shews the positions of the threads after
the first tye or loop a has been made, as herein-before described, by hand, and
after the tye-thread bobbins have made one complete revolution in the regular
working of the machine. During this time the layer p of the great wheel has
been continuing its circular path, and having carried the clasp thread round
the laying bar e, and back under the needle, as herein before described, is
ascending again towards the laying bar at the moment the segments d and d¹
quit their respective pinions 29, and the tye-thread bobbins then cease to turn.
Now, as before stated, when the great wheel has turned a little farther, and
carries its clasp thread up so as to be just about laying it again over the
laying bar e, the wiper 36 quits the cam 34, the weight drops, and the needles
are suddenly and very sharply drawn back, pulling with them the tye threads
and the clasp threads; see the sketch 7, Sheet 1. The barb of each needle
is shut by the end of its corresponding spring a as it goes by it, the tye
threads and clasp threads remaining inclosed in the bar; see Figure r. In
this state the barb. passes clear through the loop, shewn at a, dragging

page_text: through with it the clasp and tye threads together, hence the loop a
is thrown off the needle and left on the backing cord only; and the clasp
and tye threads in being drawn through the said loop à are together bent
round the corner of the frame or needle box 30; see the Figure r, when
the needle gets home to its recess and thereby a pair of loops (such as those
called a and b in Figures b, c, d, e) is formed with each of those threads
sticking out from the backing cord through the first hand-made loop a. (The
size or length of the loops thus formed is regulated by the thickness-of-the
fixed bar 30 round which they are made; or, more properly speaking, by the
distance apart of the needles and backing cords: the smaller they are the
better, provided they are large enough for the needles to go through them
without fail.) Now at the next going out of the needle these two newly-formed
loops remain on its stem, the bars passing away from them open. The next
revolution of the tye-thread bobbin lays another spiral bend or coil of thread
round the backing cord and needle; and the great wheel for its side of the
machine lays another clasp round the laying bar e, bringing it back under the
needle, crossing the tye thread a little obliquely and taking it up again; leaving,
therefore, the two threads just as the preceding pair is shewn in Figure r,
ready to be caught the barb of the needle; which again being closed when
the needle runs back draws them through the loops last formed, and thereby
throws those loops off the needle, leaving thein on the backing cord, and forces
the pair of threads it now incloses into loops sticking out through the former
pair of loops, and so on. Every successive series of movements, sucli as we
have described, coils a pair of threads round the backing cord and needle,
draws them together through the pair of loops made at the preceding series of
operations (which pair of loops it throws off of the needle, leaving them on the
backing cord), and in so drawing them through bends them in their turn round
the corner of the needle frame or box 30 into loops large enough for the
closed barb of the needle to pass through when it returns the next time and
fetches another pair of threads, forming that other pair of threads into loops;
and so on; and when the leaf of heddle is finished then the heddle and tye
threads are broken, leaving long loose ends, which are drawn through respec-
tively the last loops formed, and are fastened by tyeing by hand upon their
respective backing cords. The tension, kept on both the threads by their
tension levers or tension springs is sufficient to cause the loops successively
formed to be drawn tight on the backing cords whenever the needles, in
going back, throw them off of themselves, leaving then on their backing
cords. The action of the needles is, as it will be seen by the foregoing descrip-
tion, as if a man put his hand through each pair of loops just made, as for

page_text: instance through the loops a, b, in Figure b, or a in Figure r,-and took hold
of the threads coiled round the backing cord and needle just beyond them, and
pulled these through the said loops a, b, or a, pulling them up themselves into
such loops as the loops a, b, shewn in the sketch, Figure b. Note, I have, in
the foregoing description of the simultaneous operation of the layer that lays
the clasp threads by the rotation of the great wheel, and of the tye-thread
bobbin that winds the tye thread round the backing cord and needle, confined
attention as to the laying of the clasps to one side of the machine, viz, that
on which the machinery itself, by the operation of the great wheel, forms the
clasps. The action of the tye-thread bobbin is the same on the opposite side
of the machine, but on that side the clasp thread is, as I have stated, laid by a
girl. In operating she does in effect with her hands just what the layer of the
great wheel does by its rotation; viz, she holds her bobbin filled with thread in
her hand, and every time the tye-thread bobbin has just completed a revolution
she places her thread in the open barb of the needle, passes her bobbin up over
the layer barbe, round it through the clasp that is being made at the time by
the great wheel, so as to link one clasp into the other, and brings it back again
under the needle, which, when the knock-off or fall of the balance weight takes
place, draws back the clasp thread she has just laid with the corresponding tye
thread through the loop a of Figure r, belonging to her side of the machine,
forming those threads into loops a, b, round the corner of the needle frame 30,
as before described, of the other needle, and so on between the successive
knocks-off or falls of the weight, viz, each time the wiper 36 depresses the
cam 34, the train of wheelwork 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, as before described, draws
forward the backing rods as much as is equivalent to the space occupied by the
thickness of the clasp thread and tye thread upon the backing cord. These
parts being a mere train of simple wheelwork to reduce the motion of the
ratchet wheel 12, I need not dwell farther on their operation; and note, two
leading cords are shewn at V, V, V, V, Sheet 3, which are merely for the
purpose of keeping the heddles open for inserting the heddle shafts after the
heddles are finished. The nature of the fastening of the heddles together,
and to the backing cords, and the mode of producing it, will now be under-
stood; and in respect to the succession of the movements that produce the
formation of such heddles, considerable precision is requisite in the adjustment
of the machinery that each part may act at a particular moment, in respect to
the action of the others. If the machine is made in conformity to the
Drawings herein-before referred to, and adjusted with reference to the order of
the movements that I have described, it will operate correctly; but, to assist a.
mechanist in the construction of another similar machine of different propor-.

page_text: tions, the following general directions will be found useful, viz: The needles
must be run out in time for the clasp threads to be laid round or outside of
them, as well as round the backing cords; and it will be easily seen that if the
needles were to go out a little too late the clasp thread laid by the machine
would miss its needle and be in fact between it and the backing cord; the
revolution of the tye-thread bobbins must take place at a time when the
apparatus for laying the clasp is clear out of their way. There must be time
enough allowed between the ceasing of the revolution of the sd tye-thread
bobbins and the knock-off for the girl to pass her clasp-thread bobbin in and
out as 1 have described, which she could not do at an earlier period because
the corresponding or opposite clasp laid by the great wheel (through which
clasp she must pass her bobbin that the clasps may be linked into each other
for the warp threads to pass through them) would not before have been
laid round the laying bar e. Lastly, the knock-off must be very sharp and
sudden, that the needles may go back in an instant; for if they were allowed
to go back with a gentle motion they would sometimes stick at the loops and
not draw the threads confined in their barbs properly through those loops.
There is a stop 40 fixed to the frame to stop the lever 8 when the weight has
fallen to the right depth, viz, so as just to have brought the needles back into
their recesses in the frame 30, as shewn in the sketches and m, Sheet 1,
with the threads bent round the corners of those frames into loops of suitable
length. Note, the effect of the needle and spring x and corner of the
frame 30 may be produced by another construction of needle and parts
intended to operate therewith. In Figure A, Sheet 1, this construction is
represented. There is a needle a with a small barb; it is fixed in a sliding
bolt u, which may be connected with an upright lever 32 and a horizontal
lever 8, such as described in reference to Sheets 2, 3, and 4, and ope-
rating in like manner. A long groove is formed in its side for a second
needle a to run in; the needle a¹ is fixed in a bolt u, and is made
with a sharp point adapted to run along in the groove of the needle a,
and it is itself formed with a sharp or knife edge on one side to run in
the said groove of the needle a, and along a groove on that side which is
outermost or away from the needle a to allow the point of it when it is
run out to get under the joint of the barb of the needle a. A small piece of
metal is fastened to the bolt u, which overlaps the end of the bolt u',
so that when the bolt u is pulled back it pulls with it the bolt u; but the
The bolt u is con-
bolt u can be run out without taking the bolt u with it.
nected to a bent lever b, the horizontal arm of which is loaded with a weight
sufficient, when allowed to act, to take the needle a¹ out and run it under the

page_text: barb of the needle a, but with a gentle motion. Now suppose the parts in
the position of the sketch Figure A. Both the needles are out. The tye
thread bobbins have made a turn, and the clasp threads have been laid as I
have described. A pair of loops a is supposed to have been just made, which is
on both the needles, and the backing cord and the two threads lying in the barb
of the needles a are to be drawn through the loops a, and themselves formed
into loops. Now the knock-off takes place, both needles run back together
through the aperture in the fixed-stop c, and therefore through the loops x;
which they throw off themselves, leaving the said loops on the backing cord,
in doing which they carry the threads contained in the barb of the needle a
through the loops x, and, bending them round the fixed stop c, form them into
a pair of loops. In going back the bolt u is caught by a lever d, a pin at
the end of which drops into a hole in the back of the bolt u' and holds it fast,
so that when the bolt is run out again, the stem of the needle a running
along in the loops just made by the threads it carried in with its barb, the
bolt u stays behind. The next turn of the tye-thread bobbin, and of the
great wheel, lays another pair of threads in or close to the barb of the
needle a, and, in the interval between that being done and the knock-off, a
wiper, which is not shewn in the sketch, but which may be attached to the
great wheel, acts upon a roller at the end of the lever e, and, depressing it,
causes the lever d to rise and release the bolt u', the weight belonging to
which acting, the bolt u is sent forward, and its point runs under or through
the loops just made as aforesaid, and runs forward, pushing the pair of threads
just laid home into the barb of the needle a, where they are completely
inclosed by the point of that barb overlaying the end of the needle a¹. Then
the knock-off takes place, and the threads so held are drawn back through the
previous pair of loops, which is thrown off the needles, and left on the backing
cord, as I have described, of the former pair of loops, and so on; the effect of
these parts being, as I have stated, just the same as that of the parts operating
to make the loops successively in the machinery, Sheets 2, 3, and 4. Note,
the wiper that is to lift the lever d, must begin to act just after the tye-thread
bobbins have ceased turning, and should quit the lever e before the knock-off
takes place. The shape of the barb of the needles a, and of the needle a¹, see
the sketches Figures B, C, and D, is material, in order that when the
needle a runs forward it may run well under the loops just made without
catching against the thread, and therefore the point of the needle a' is buried
in the groove of the needle a, and so also as that when the needle a' is run
full out the point of the barb of the needle a may be buried in its outer groove,
in order that in running back the point of the barb may not catch against the

page_text: loop which is to be thrown off; and the barb should be as small as may be,
yet large enough for the needle a¹ to push the threads just laid round the
backing cord and needle a with certainty into the barb.
There remain to be described several minor movements; viz, there is a move-
ment for what is called the porter or porter thread in heddle making, which is a
thread usually of some colour, laid alternately on one side and then on the other
of the clasp threads parallel to one of the backing cords, while a certain number.
of clasps are made so as to cover that number, for the purpose of making the
number of the reed as it is called, that is, the number of splits of the reed in an
inch for which the particular heddles are made. This is done by means of the
following parts, see the several Sheets of Drawings herein-before referred to.
On the axis of the ratchet wheel 12 is a semi-disk 4, which acts upon the
end of a lever 1. To the other end of the lever 1 a bent lever 2 is jointed,
which turns on a fixed pivot at 41, mounted in a bracket fastened to the
frame. See also the detached figures, Sheet 1. Through the upper end of
that bent lever 2 the porter thread is passed, one end going away to be
fastened to the backing cord behind the needle frame 30, Sheets 2 and 3.
The other goes down over a bar 42, which is merely to keep it off other
parts, and thence down through a staple at 43 fixed to the frame, and thence
round a bobbin 44, which is loaded to produce a certain friction to resist thread
being drawn off it, and a sufficient tension is kept on the porter thread by a
weight 45. hung on it. See the Figure, Sheet 2. The number of teeth of
the ratchet wheel 12 is of course proportionate to the number of splits of the
reed, and the semi-disk 4 being, as aforesaid, on the axis of the said ratchet
wheel, the lever 1 will be borne up by it, as shewn in Sheet 2, during lialf
the revolution of the ratchet wheel, and then the bent lever 2 will be in the
position of the dotted line, Figure s, Sheet .1; while, during the other half-
revolution of the ratchet wheel, the end of the lever 1 will not be borne up,
and hence the weight hung on it by the cord 46 will throw up the other end,
and pull the lever 2. in the position of the full lines in Figures s, Sheet 1.
Now it will be seen by the sketch Figure s, that when the bent lever is in the
position of the full lines, the porter thread is below the needle. As each suc-
cessive clasp is made as above described, the porter thread is drawn forward
with the backing cord a little in opposition to the weight 45, until the disk 4,
coming into operation, raises one end of the lever 1, depressing the other, and
throws the bent lever 2 into the position of the dotted lines of Figures. The
change takes place while the needle is back in its recess, and by it it will be
seen that the porter thread is raised up so as to be over the needle, so that
when it runs out and brings back a fresh pair of threads to be formed into
.

page_text: loops, as I have described, the loops so made will form a division between
that portion of the porter thread which has been just kept on one side of the
backing cord, and that portion which is going to be kept on the opposite side,
the weight 45 always keeping the porter thread taught, and the drums 17
drawing it forward with the heddles, so that it will be laid or kept above the
backing cord, or on one side of the clasps, during all that semi revolution of
the ratchet wheel in which the semi-disk 4 acts, and then under the backing
cord, and then over, and so on. The porter thread is thus drawn or laid
alternately above and below the backing cord, outside a certain number of
threads of the heddles (one pair of loops of the heddle threads being interposed
whenever the porter thread is changed from above to below, and vice versa, as
has been described. The number over which the porter thread will be
extended on either side alternately will be equal to half the number of teeth
of the ratchet wheel, so that when finished the heddles will shew on one side
a coloured thread extending over 10, 11, 12, or more threads according to the
number of the reed, and then a blank on that side of a like number, the
coloured thread being then on the opposite side of the backing cord, whereby
the reed that the heddles are made for is known by inspecting them, as with
heddles made by hand in the ordinary way. There remains to be noticed
a train of wheelwork set in motion by the great wheel, consisting of a
pinion 48, see Sheet 5, worked by one of the pinions 29. On the axis of the
pinion 48 is a worm 49, turning a cog wheel 50 of one hundred teeth, on the
axis of which is another worm 51, turning a wheel 52 of twenty teeth. These
two wheels 51 and 52 turn two dial hands 53, 54, which indicate on correspond-
ing dials, divided respectively into a hundred and into twenty, the num. of clasps
Each division of the dial 55 corresponds to one pair of complete
clasps, therefore one turn of the dial marks that one hundred clasps have been
made. The other dial marks how many turns the wheel 50 has made, viz,
its hand 54 marks one division for every turn of the wheel 50, consequently
the train altogether will mark up to two thousand clasps, or any odd or even
number below that. I need not enter into any farther description of this
movement, as it is a mere counting train, such as is used in a variety of
machines. There remains to be noticed also a pusher f, see Sheet 2, which is
a short sliding tube that is fitted loosely over the laying bar e, and is pushed
forward every time a pair of clasps has been made to push them away clear
of the pair about to be made at the next revolution of the great wheel. This
is done by the tube f, being linked by a rod to a lever g, put on a fixed centre
pin within the frame on one of the cross pieces thereof; see Sheets 2 and 3.
A wiper on the back of the great wheel, see Sheet 2, catches the tail of that
made.
n

page_text: lever 9 ones in every turn of the wheel, and, pushing it away, throws or pushes
forward the pusher f to push the threads forward on the laying bar (as.
stated). This takes place a little after the knock-off; and as soon as the
wiper has quitted the end of the lever g, a little spring i, which bears against
the tail of the lever g, draws the pusher tube f back. Note, the working part
of the wiper is not shewn in the Drawing; but the mode and time of its
operation being stated, it will be easily formed.
We have now to describe a second construction of our machinery, which is
composed of like parts to the machine herein-before described, but they are
sufficiently arranged in order that the machinery may be adapted to make
heddles with an open loop between the opposite clasps for the warp threads to
pass through, such as are used for power looms (see the sketch Figure y,
Sheet 1). This machinery is represented in Sheets 6, 7, and 8. The parts
which are similar to those of Sheets 2, 3, and 4, are marked with the same
letters. I shall briefly point them out to shew in what the two machines
resemble each other, viz:--There are in the machine, Sheets 6, 7, and 8, the
same four principal movements described in reference to Sheets 2, 3, and 4.
First, for laying the clasp thread; 2ndly, for lapping the tye threads round the
backing cords and needles; 3dly, for forming the pairs of loops; and, 4thly,
for winding up the heddles as fast as they are made. The first consists, as in
the machinery first described, of a great wheel c, a bobbin 5, with a tension
layer p, through which the clasp thread passes, and by which the great wheel
lays it round the laying bar 6. The second consists of bobbins s, with their
fast and loose tubes 21 and m, pinions 29, external and internal sectors
attached to the great wheel and tension tackle q, r. The third consists of
needles, with barbs or hooks at their ends, fixed in sliding bolts u, run back-
wards and forwards at suitable intervals by means of levers acted upon by'a
wiper 36, and cam 34, and balance weight 35. The needles work in frames
or boxes 80, provided with springs x and v, and double wedges 38, to produce
the opening and shutting of the barbs herein-before described. The porter
movement consists of a semi-disk 4, acting upon levers 1 and 2, and so upon
the porter thread. All these parts are the same in their structure and office
as those minutely described in reference to Sheets 2, 3, and 4, but they are
somewhat differently arranged, because the heddles in this machinery are mado
in a vertical instead of a horizontal plane; see Sheet 6. Hence, the needles
and backing cords are placed one over the other in a vertical plane, instead of
being side by side in a horizontal plane, but they are of the same construction as
those of the machinery already described, and operate in the same way. The
winding-up drums are horizontal, on a vertical axis. The great wheel is liko,

page_text: and placed. like, the great wheel of the first-described construction of our
machinery, Sheets 2, 3, and 4; and, as in that construction, the great wheel
lays one of the clasp threads, while the other is laid by hand by a girl, who
also makes by hand the middle or open loop in laying the clasp, as I will
hereafter more minutely describe. One of the tye-thread bobbin carriages is
placed above the rim of the great wheel, and its pinion 29 is turned by an
intermediate pinion from the external sector of the great wheel; see Sheets
6 and 8. The other tye-thread bobbin carriage is within the circumference of
the great wheel, turned by the internal sector; see their places in particular in
the Figure, Sheet 8. The wheelwork for turning the winding-up drums is
differently arranged from that of the machine first described, by reason of the
said drums being on a vertical axis, as I have stated; see Sheets 6. and 9,
which is a detached view of the winding-up movement, viz:-On the (ratchet)
axis of the ratchet wheel 12 is a pinion 13, see Sheets 6 and 9, taking into a
spur wheel 14 on a second axis, on which is a bevel wheel 15, turning a
second bevel 15 at right angles to it on a horizontal axis, which, by another
pair of bevel wheels 16, turns the winding-up drums 17. The proportions of
this train must be governed by the rule already laid down, videlicet, to reduce
the motion of the ratchet wheel 12, so that for every tooth that it turns the
drums shall be turned a space corresponding to the space occupied by each
complete heddle. The ratchet wheel is turned a tooth at a time by means of
a lever 10, acting through a lever 11 on a click 39, as in the machine,
Sheets 2, 3, and 4. There is also a second click to prevent the ratchet
running back, while the click 39 is pushed forward from one tooth to catch
the next; see Sheet 6. The running out of the needles is produced, as in the
first machine, by a wiper 36 affixed to the great wheel acting upon a cam 34,
fastened to the end of the horizontal loaded lever 8; and the running back or
knock-off, by the falling of a weight 35. The wiper and cam act upon the
needles through a vertical arm 32 rising from the said horizontal lever, and
which acts upon a pin in a horizontal arm F, placed between the two needles,
running in fixed sides G, and connected by a vertical stem to the two
sliding bolts that carry the needles. When the wiper 36 depresses the
cam 34 the needles are run out; and when the wiper quits the cam, the
weight 35 falling, draws them suddenly back, and produces the knock-off or
throwing off of the loops from the needles to the backing cords, as herein-
before described in reference to the similar parts in Sheets 2, 3, and 4. All
these parts are delineated on the Drawings and letters, as has already been stated,
with the same letters that indicate corresponding parts in Sheets 2, 3, and 4;

page_text: they need not therefore be further described, as their office an mode of
operation are the same as those of the corresponding parts in the other
machine. The machinery now being described is in fact in all its operations
so closely like the other machine that I need not go into more minute
description of its parts, as most of them must be by this time quite familiar to
the reader. The difference in its results is in the method of laying that clasp
which is laid by hand. The bottom clasp thread, see Sheet 6, which is laid
by the great wheel, is laid by 'the layer p, just as I have herein-before described
for the first machine. In respect to the other or upper clasp, the girl, who is
provided with thread for the clasps wound on a pern or cop, having laid her
heddle or clasp thread in the open barb of the needle with the tye thread, the
knock-off takes place. The needles run back, and make the loops round the
corners of the needle boxes 30, as has been described in reference to the first
machine. The girl then immediately proceeds to make the central open loop
by passing her thread over the backing cord, and then down round the
laying bar behind a guide thread stretched parallel to the laying bar,
and close thereto from end to end of the machine (which thread is only for
the purpose of keeping the centre loops of the heddles open as they are made);
then under and between the double thread of the clasp, laid by the great
wheel; then over again round itself, making a loose or half knot: that is
drawn tight, and then the girl passes the pern round the clasp thread and
back again through the loop to form a fast knot, as shewn by the sketch,
Figure 3, Sheet 1. A loop is thus made of the size of the laying bar (which
is deeper and larger than in the other machine for that purpose); that loop, as
it will be perceived by examining sketch, Figure z, is formed out of the upper
clasp, firmly tied with a knot so that it will not come undone, and through it
the lower clasp is linked, as shewn by the sketch. Note, in the sketch the
knot is loosened to show how it is made, but in reality it is drawn tight by the
girl, so that when removed the heddles present the appearance of the sketch,
Figure y. She performs this operation, as has been stated, the instant the
knock-off has taken place, and as soon as she has formed her loop and tied the
knot she carries the pern away up to the top backing cord, and round it, laying
the thread in the barb of the needle at the proper time for the next knock-off
and so on, taking care to time her operations so as to chime in with those o
the great wheel, which is turned continuously by the treadle of the machine
and keeps laying the clasps one after the other side by side at the bottom o
the machine, see Figure 6, while the girl lays her clasps, as above described
at the upper part of the machine. The machine is disposed with the parts in

page_text: vertical planes, because the central loop must have its knot made so as to
be at the top or bottom of the loop when the heddles are mounted in ia loom,
as shewn by Figure y, Sheet 1. If the knot were at the side the loops would
kink and not keep open, and would crook the warp threads; and in order to
make the loops conveniently the girl's hand must be placed so that she can
keep her finger on the knot, which she could not do unless the parts were
disposed as or very nearly as I have described them. The porter thread is
laid by parts similar to those I have described in referenco .to.Sheets.2, 3, and
4, and numbered with the same letters of reference; and there is also a
counting movement, such as shown in Sheet .5. The description of the
operation of these parts needs not be repeated as it is just the same as in the
machinery previously described; and I may repeat finally to prevent misappre-
hension that, subject to those differences which I have pointed out, the
machinery Sheets 6, 7, and 8 is composed of the same parts, and operates in
the same way, as the machinery Sheets 2, 3, and 4.
I have now, to the best of my knowledge and belief, given such explanations
of the said Invention as will enable a competent workman (to construct our
machinery, and make our new or improved description of heddles or healds
therewith; only I must observe, that in respect to the manipulations I have
described, in working both constructions of the machinery which I have
described, some practice will be requisite before a person will acquire the
habit of working well and quickly; and the same remark applics to the adjust-
ment of the various parts of the machinery. But if the essentials I have
pointed out in both these particulars be attended to, no difficulty will be found
in learning how to adjust and work our machinery.
And in conclusion, I, for myself and the representatives of the said deceased
James Berrie, claim the iuse of machinery ifor making heddles (or "healds such
as 1 have described, which machinery is adapted to lay one of the clasp
threads that form the heddles, and to lap round the backing cords in com-
bination with the clasp threads two other distinct: threads, which I have called
the tye threads, and to pull them both. together by means of needles into
successive pairs of loops which are drawn as they are made through the loops
made by the preceding operation of the needles and other parts, while those
preceding loops are thrown off the needles and leftzon the backing cords.
It is obvious that the precise structure or arrangement of the levers, cams,
wheelwork, and other parts which I have represented in the two modes herein-
before described of constructing our machinery for producing the requisite
motions of the needles and threads, may be somewhat varied by a competent
mechanician, without destroying that combination of motions of the needles and

page_text: ads, which produces as herein-before described our new or improved
cription of heddles or healds.
In witness whereof, I have hereunto set my hand and seal, this 'Ninth
day of September, One thousand eight hundred and thirty-five, the
word corresponding having been first interlined between the eleventh
and twelfth lines from the bottom of the fifteenth page, the words
"and the clasp-thread bobbins have made a turn," on the sixteenth
and seventeenth lines from the top of the twenty-fifth page having
been deleted, and the words " & tied" on the tenth line from the top
of the thirty-sixth page having been written on an erasure.
aken and acknowledged by David
Anderson, party hereto at Glasgow,
the Ninth day of December, One
thousand eight hundred and thirty-
five, before and in presence of me,.
one of His Majesty's Justices of the
Posen for
DAVID ANDERSON. (L.S.)
Southampton Buildings, Chancery Lane, 23rd Sept', 1835.
This is the Specification of David Anderson, referred to in my affidavit of
this date.
G. B. ROUPELL.
THO DEANS.
Thomas Deans, of No. 10, College Street, in the City of Westminster,
Gentleman, maketh oath and saith, that he knows and is well acquainted with
John Lang, of the City of Glasgow, Esquire, who is one of His Majesty's
Justices of the Peace for the County of Lanark, in that part of the United
Kingdom of Great Britain called Scotland, and with the manner and
character of handwriting of the said John Lang: And this Deponent further
saith, that the name or signature "John Lang," with the addition "
His Majesty's Justices of the Peace for the County of Lanark," set and
subscribed to and written upon the thirty-eighth page of a certain Specifica-
tion, dated the Ninth day of this present month of September, in the year
One thousand eight hundred and thirty-five, and executed by "David
Anderson," whereby it is stated that the said. Specification was acknowledged
by the said David Anderson on the said Ninth day of September, are of the
one of

page_text: proper handwriting of the said John Lang, and that the said John Lang at
the time of setting and subscribing his name on the said Specification in
manner above stated was, and that he is now, as this Deponent verily believes,
one of His Majesty's Justices of the Peace for the County of Lanark, as
aforesaid, the said Specification being hereunto annexed.