AN IMPROVED FREEZING MACHINE' AND REFRIGERATOR
Year: 1871

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Richard Long, of Liverpool, in the County of
Lancaster, for the Invention of "AN IMPROVED FREEZING MACHINE'
AND REFRIGERATOR."
Sealed the 22nd March 1872, and dated the 28th September 1871.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Richard Long at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
28th September 1871.
:
I, RICHARD LONG, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED FREEZING
MACHINE AND REFRIGERATOR," to be as follows:-
My Invention of an improved freezing machine and refrigerator
relates to a machine for making ice creams, transparent ice, and other
similar purposes, and refrigerating with freezing mixture or rough ice
and salt.
My Invention consists in making the ice tub or box for containing
the freezing mixture, and the inner receptacle for containing the fluid to

page_text: be frozen, of such a form that a rocking or oscillating motion is obtained
for the agitation of the freezing mixture and the mixing of the cream or
other fluid to be frozen; therefore my Invention may be termed a rocking
or oscillating freezing machine or cradle freezing machine.
The outer case, tub, or cradle for containing the freezing mixture is
made of wood or other suitable substance, and is of a semicircular
shape, the sides of the box being parallel to each other, and the semi-
circular part forming the rocking edge or cradle. The circular edges
are joined parallel to each other and at a set distance by the side pieces,
so forming a tub, box, or cradle resting on its circular base and open at
the top.
The receptacle for containing the cream, water, or other fluid to be
frozen is also of a semicircular form, and of a similar shape to the outer
case or tub previously described, but of smaller dimensions, and is made
of copper, pewter, or other suitable material. This receptacle or pot I
term the inner receptacle. It is placed inside the case or tub containing
the freezing mixture, and is supported by a flange fixed round the inner
edge of the outer case or tub, leaving a space between the inner and
outer receptacles on every side for the freezing mixture. On the two
sides of the inner metal receptacle are fixed bearings, and a metal
spatula, mixer, or beater of the usual form is suspended on its axles in
these bearings. There is a cover which is placed over this inner recep-
tacle, and has a narrow slot or opening for the handles of the spatula,
beater, or mixer to project through. This cover is also fitted with
handles for removal, and the outside case or tub is also fitted with
handles for the purpose of rocking.
The modus operandi of this machine is thus :-The outer casing or tub
is sufficiently filled with rough ice and salt, or other suitable freezing
mixture. The inner metal receptacle is then placed in position in the
outer tub, and filled with cream or other fluid mixtures to be frozen.
The beater, spatula, or mixer is then suspended in the bearings of the
metal receptacle as before mentioned. The cover is then put on, and
the operator takes with the left hand a firm hold or grip of the handle
of the spatula, mixer, or beater, and with the right hand takes hold of
the handle of the outer casing or tub, and rocks or oscillates the machine
on its base, using the, handle of the spatula, beater, or mixer as the
centre. The rocking motion will thoroughly agitate the freezing mixture,

page_text: and the spatula, beater, or mixer being held stationary, detaches the
frozen cream from the sides of the metal receptacle às the machine rocks
or oscillates, thus the contents are thoroughly mixed and frozen.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent
filed by the said Richard Long in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 26th March 1872.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, RICHARD
LONG, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, send greeting.
.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-eighth day of September, in
the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-one,
in the thirty-fifth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and
successors; give and grant unto me, the said Richard Long, Her
special licence that I, the said Richard Long, my executors, adminis-
trators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Richard Long, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with,"
and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the
term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise,"
and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland,
the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "AN IMPROVED
FREEZING MACHINE AND REFRIGERATOR," upon the condition (amongst
others) that I, the said Richard Long, my executors or administrators,
by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their
hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature
of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed,
and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within
six calendar monthis next and immediately after the date of the said
Letters Patent.
.
'
NOW KNOW YE that I the said Richard Long do hereby declare

page_text: performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement:-
My Invention of an improved freezing machine and refrigerator
relates to a machine for making ice creams, transparent ice, and for
other similar freezing purposes, and refrigerating with a freezing
mixture or rough ice and salt.
My Invention consists in making the ice tub or box for containing
the freezing mixture, and the inner receptacle for containing the fluid to
be frozen, in such a form that a rocking or oscillating motion is obtained
for the agitation of the freezing mixture and the mixing of the cream or
other fluid to be frozen. This motion may be obtained by rocking the
freezing tub or cradle itself, or by oscillating the spatula or mixer. .
In order that this Invention may be the more clearly understood, I
have hereunto annexed a Sheet of Drawings illustrative thereof. Like
letters and figures are used to denote similar parts throughout the
various views. The Drawings are to the scale of three inches to one
foot.
Figure 1 is a sectional elevation of a freezing machine or refrigerator
constructed according to my Invention, made for the spatula or mixer to
oscillate in the cradle; Figure 2 is a sectional elevation of a freezing
machine or refrigerator constructed for the tub or cradle to oscillate or
rock, and the spatula or mixer to be held stationary; Figure 3 is a
sectional end view of Figure 1; Figure 4 is a sectional end view of outer
case; Figure 5 is a plan of outer case; Figures 6 and 7, elevations of
spatula or mixer; Figure 8, elevation of inner case with cover; Figure 9,
plan of inner case with cover; Figure 10, sectional end view of inner
case.
a, outer case, tub, or cradle for containing the freezing mixture, which
I prefer to make of wood, but it may be made of any other suitable
material. It will be seen that this case is of a semicircular shape, the
sides a¹ being parallel to each other, the semicircular part a forming the
cradle. The box or cradle a rests on its circular base, and is open at the
top. b is the receptacle for containing the cream, water, or other fluid
to be frozen, and is also of a semicircular form, and of a similar shape
to the outer case, tub, or cradle previously described, but of smaller.
dimensions, and is made of copper, pewter, or other suitable material.
【

page_text: This receptacle 6 is placed inside the case or tub a. containing the
freezing mixture, and is supported by a flange cfixed round the inner
edge of the outer case or tub a, leaving a space d between the inner and
outer receptacles a, b, on every side for the freezing mixture. On the
two sides of the inner receptacle 6 are fixed bearings e, and a metal
spatula, mixer, or beater f, f', is suspended, having its axis in these
bearings. The spatula is formed with double blades g and h, and is
worked by handles i. The blades g and h work inside the inner recep.
tacle 6, and the agitators K, K', work between the cases a and b. They
are worked right and left by the handles i, see Figures 1 and 3. is the
cover, which is placed over the inner receptacle in such a manner as
to allow for the working of the spatula, mixer, or beater and the
agitators k, k²; m, handles for removing cover; n, handles for removing
receptacle b; o, handles for lifting the whole apparatus; o', handles
for-rocking the apparatus when the spatula, mixer, or beater is held
stationary.
"F
The modus operandi of this machine is thus:-The receptacle 6 being
removed, the outer casing a is sufficiently filled with rough ice and salt,
or other freezing mixture. The inner receptacle 6 is then replaced in
the outer tub a, and filled with cream or other fluid or mixtures to be
frozen. The beater, spatula, or mixer f and the agitators K, K', being
then in position in the bearing e, the cover 6 is then put on. In the
case of the apparatus shown at Figures 1 and 3, the operator takes hold
of the handles i, which he works or oscillates right and left alternately,
so that when the blades h are going right the blades g are going left,
thus thoroughly mixing or beating the contents of the receptacle b.
The same operation also causes the agitators K, K¹, to continually agitate
the ice and salt or other freezing mixture in the case a, thus insuring a
new surface being always against the under side of the receptacle b. In
O the case of the apparatus shown at Figure 2, an ordinary spatula or
mixer may be used, the operator taking firm hold (with the left hand) of
the handle of the spatula, mixer, or beater, and with the right hand
taking hold of the handle o¹ of the outer casing a, and rocking or
oscillating the machine on its base, using the handle of the spatula,
5 mixer, or beater as the centre. The rocking motion will thoroughly
agitate the freezing mixture, and the spatula, mixer, or beater being
held stationary, detaches the frozen particles from the sides of the metal
.

page_text: receptacle as the machine rocks or oscillates; the contents are thus
thoroughly mixed or frozen.
.
Having now fully described the nature and object of my Invention,
and the manner in which the same may be carried out into practical
effect, I wish it to be clearly understood that I do not confine myself to
the exact dimensions and style as shown in the Drawings, as it will be
seen that the same may be considerably varied without departing from
my Invention; but what I claim as the Invention secured to me by
Letters Patent as aforesaid is, an improved freezing machine and refri-
gerator worked either by oscillating the mixer or beater, or rocking the
machine or cradle, made and constructed substantially in the manner
and for the purposes herein-before described and set forth.
In witness whereof, I, the said Richard Long, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Twenty-fifth day of March, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-two.
Witness,
FREDERICK J. CHEESBROUGH,
of 15, Water Street,
Liverpool.
RICHARD (L.S.) LONG.