IMPROVEMENTS IN NUTS INTENDED FOR USE AS LOCK NUTS FOR MACHINERY
Year: 1884

page_text: I, WILLIAM PATRICK KELLY; of Mount Brandon, near Graigne, in the County of
Carlow, Ireland, Lieutenant in the Reserve of Officers, Justice of the Peace for the
Counties of Carlow & Kilkenny, do hereby declare the nature of my invention for
IMPROVEMENTS IN NUTS INTENDED FOR USE AS LOCK NUTS FOR MACHINERY to be
5 as follows:-
My invention relates to the construction of a simple and efficient lock nut for
machinery, by the use of which the necessity for using a second nut is dispensed
with.
In carrying out my invention, I drill a hole in one or more of the faces of the
nut. This hole, or holes, extends into the interior of the nut; & is of small
diameter, the diameter varying with the size of the nut.-In some cases, I tap each
hole with a screw thread; & use a screwed keep pin, of iron of steel, provided
with a sharp point, for each hole.-In this case, when the nut is used as a lock nut,
the point of the keep pin, or pins, when the pin, or pins, is screwed in tightly,
bites slightly into the surface of the bolt, & prevents the nut from working loose.
In other cases, I do not tap the bole, or holes; but I use, for each hole, a plain
keep pin, of iron of steel, provided with a spring to keep the pin tight when
inserted; & I sharpen the inner end of the keep pin in the form of the edge of a
chisel. In this case, when the nut is used as a lock nut, the pin, or pins, is gently
hammered in; & the chisel edge of the pin, or pins, bites into the thread of the
bolt, & prevents the nut from working loose.

page_text: "
I, WILLIAM PATRICK KELLY, of Mount Brandon, near Graigne, in the County of
Carlow, Ireland, Lieutenant in the Reserve of Officers, Justice of the Peace for the
Counties of Carlow & Kilkenny, do hereby declare the nature of my invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN LOCK NUTS and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-
"
My invention relates to improvements in the construction of nuts intended for
use as lock nuts for machinery, whereby the use of a second nut is dispensed with.
I now proceed to describe my invention; & the manner in which the same is to
be performed, by aid of the accompanying drawings.
In carrying out my invention I take a nut of hexagonal or any other shape, and,
in some cases, I drill one or two holes from the exterior into the interior of the
nut. The holes may be inade in the centre of the sides of the nut; or, preferably,
in the angles of the nut.-I prefer to use two such holes, which may or may not,
be opposite to one another; but in some cases, I use but one.-These holes are
"shown in vertical section, at a, in figures 3 & 8; in elevation in figure 2; & their
position is also indicated by the dotted lines at a, in figures 1 & 9, which are plans
of the nuts. Each hole is fitted with a key in the following manner:-In somė
'cases, especially where the nut is small, or the vibration to which it is subjected
not very great, I make each hole plain, that is, not screwthreaded, as shown in in
figures 1, 2, & 3;-& I fit the hole with a spring key, made by bending back a
piece of half round iron or steel wire so as to make a round split spring key that
will fit the hole, the spring between the two parts of the key keeping it tightly
fixed in the hole when inserted therein. Such key is shown in plan in figure 4,
& in elevation in figure 5.-In some cases, I sharpen the bend of the key into the
shape of a chisel edge,,b, in figures 4 & 5 ; & one of the two parts of the key may
be bent at the end at right angles, as shown at c to enable the key to be drawn out
with greater facility. This nut is used in the following manner-The nut being
screwed up into its place, the key is inserted so that the chisel edge may be at
right angles with the thread of the bolt on which the nut is screwed; the key is
then struck gently with a hammer, so as to make the chisel edge of the key bite
into the threads of the bolt, without thereby injuring the latter.-The key is then
held firmly in its place by the spring between the two parts of the key; & as long
as the key remains in its place, the nut is locked.
In other cases,
I fit the hole with a round split spring key, made in the same
manner as the one hereinbefore described, but sharpened to a needle point iustead
of a chisel edge. Such key is shown in elevation in figure 6, & in plan în figure 7.—
When this key is driven well in, the point bites into the bolt, & prevents the nut
from working, loose..
I do not in all, cases, make the key with a spring; in some cases I make the key
solid, sharpened to a needle point, or chisel edge, as herein before described.―In
this case, the key fits the hole tightly, & is used by simply driving it forcibly in.
In other cases, especially where the nut is large, or where the vibration to which
it is subjected is very great, I make the hole, or holes, of larger size, & I tap it, or
them, with a strong screw thread, a portion of the way from the exterior to the
interior of the nut, as shown in vertical section in figure 8, & in plan, by dotted
lines, in figure 9.-I fit each hole with a key, of iron or steel, which may be round
or flat, & which is formed with a spring-Such key is shown in elevation, with the
spring open, in figure 10; in elevation, with the spring closed as when inserted in

page_text: the nut, in figure 11 ; & in plan in figure 12.—The key has notches on its edge, e,
in figures 10, 11, & 12, which will fit into, & engage with, the screw thread in the
bole; & the key is furnished with a chisel edge at the end.-This nut is used in
the following manner:-The nut being screwed up to its place, the key is inserted
by pressing the spring & pushing the key in, keeping the chisel edge of the key at
right angles with the thread of the bolt on which the nut is screwed.-The key is
then struck with a hammer, gently, on its outer end, to make the chisel edge bite
a little into the thread of the bolt without injuring it; the spring is then released,
& the notches on the key engage with the screw thread of the hole; the key
cannot then come out accidentally, & the nut is locked.
In other cases, I tap part of each hole, as herein before described, & I use a round
iron or steel key, screw threaded, with a notch in the head to take a screw driver.-
Such key is shown in side elevation in figure 13, & in end elevation in figure 14.-
I make the extremity of the key into the shape of a sharp point, as shown in
figure 13.-This nut is used by inserting the key, & screwing it in tightly by
means of a screw driver, till the sharp point of the key bites strongly into the bolt
on which the nut is screwed.-The nut is then locked.
In other cases, instead of making a hole, or holes, through the nut, I make a
groove, narrow, & a little deep, & rectangular in section, across the under surface
of the nut, preferably from one angle of the nut to the opposite angle. This groove
is shown at g, in figures 15 & 16; figure 15 being an elevation, & figure 16, a
section, of the nut, the latter being drawn at right angles to the former.-To this
groove, I fit a key, or keys, flat & thin, of iron or steel, provided with a chisel edge,
& also furnished with a spring; such key is shown in elevation in figure 17, & in
plan in figure 18.-This nut is used in the following manner:-The nut being
screwed up to its place, the key is inserted in the groove & struck with a hammer,
to cause the chisel edge to bite into the threads of the bolt on which the nut is
screwed; the spring of the key will then keep the key tight between the bottom
of the groove & the part of the machinery on which the nut rests.-The nut is
tlien locked. In some cases, I use for this nut, a flat key, similar in make to the
preceding hereinbefore described, but without a spring; which key, when driven
tightly in, is held between the bottom of the groove & the part of the machinery
on which the nut rests, without the aid of a spring-Such key is shown in elevation
in figure 19, & in plan in figure 18.-I, also, in some cases, furnish the keys for
this nut last hereinbefore described, with needle points, instead of chisel edges.
In other cases, I make a shallow semicircular groove across the under surface of
the nut, preferably from one angle to the opposite angle, as shown at g in figure 20,
which is an elevation, & in figúre 21, which is a section, of the nut, the latter
being drawn at right angles to the former. To this groove I fit a key, or keys,
made from a piece of half round iron or steel wire, turned up at one end to forin
a handle for withdrawing the key; & sharpened at the other end into a sharp
point, or chisel edge, as hereinbefore described.-Such key is shown in elevation
in figure 22, & in plan in figure 23.-This nut & key are used precisely as the nut
& key hereinbefore described, & illustrated in figures 15'to 19 inclusive.--In other
cases I sometimes make the groove a little deeper, & fit to it a spring key, or keys,
similar to the keys herein before described; & illustrated in figures 4 & 5, 6 & 7-
I also, generally make notches on the upper & lower surfaces of the keys, as shown
at d, in figures 4, 7, 18, & 23, for the purpose of increasing the friction between
the keys & the nut, & thus preventing the keys slipping out.
Having now particularly described & ascertained the nature of my said
invention, & in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is
1. A. locknut provided with one, or more, holes passing radially from the
exterior into the interior of the nut, such hole or holes, being fitted with keys
furnished with chisel edges, or sharp points, for preventing the nut working loose,
by the said chisel edges, or sharp points, being, by means of a hammer, made

page_text: to bite into the bolt on which the nut is screwed, in the manner hereinbefore
described; the said keys being retained in their. places, when inserted, in some
cases by friction only; in other cases by the action of springs, & in other cases by
being screwed into screw threads in the holes, which in this case are partly tapped
for that purpose; substantially as herein before described, & illustrated in figures 1
to 14 inclusive, of the accompanying drawings.
2. A locknut having on its underside a deep & narrow groove, & provided with
one or two flat keys, (which may, or may not, act as springs,) furnished with chisel
edges or sharp points; such keys, when inserted, being held between the bottom
of the groove & the part of the machinery on which the nut rests when in use;
& which keys prevent the nut working loose by the chisel edges, or sharp points,
being caused, by the aid of a hammer, to bite into the threads of the bolt on which
the nut is screwed; substantially as herein before described, & illustrated in
figures 15 to 19, inclusive, of the accompanying drawings.
3.-A locknut having on its underside a shallow semicircular, or nearly semi-
circular, groove, & provided with one or two keys, such as are shown in figures 22
& 23, or such as are shown in figures 4 to 7 inclusive, furnished, at their extremities,
with chisel edges, or sharp points; which keys, when inserted, are held between
the bottom of the groove & the part of the machinery on which the nut rests when
in use, & which prevent the said nuts working loose by the chisel edges or sharp
points being caused, by means of a hammer, to bite into the threads of the bolt on
which the said nut is screwed; substantially as hereinbefore described, & illustrated
in figures 20 to 23 inclusive, of the accompanying drawings.
4. The described keys for the said locknuts, the said keys being round, or flat,
& being constructed, or not, to act as springs, & having their inner ends sharpened
into the shape of a chisel edge; which keys, being inserted in the holes or grooves
made in the said locknuts, so that the chisel edges shall be at right angles to the
threads of the bolt on which the nut is screwed, will prevent the nut working
loose, on the chisel edges being forced, by striking the keys with a hammer, to
bite into the threads of the bolt without injuring the latter; substantially as
herein before described, & illustrated in figures 4, 5, 17, 18, & 19, of the accompanying
drawings.
5. The described flat keys for the said locknuts, constructed to act as springs,
& provided with notches or teeth, which teeth take into screw threads cut in the
outer portions of the holes made in the nut as hereinbefore described, thereby
preventing the keys coming out; substantially as hereinbefore described, &
illustrated in figures 10, 11, & 12 of the accompanying drawings.
6.-The described round, or half round, or flat, keys for the said locknuts, con-
structed, or not, to act as springs, & plain, or screw-threaded to screw into threads
made in the holes through the nuts; the said keys being furnished with sharp
points at their inner ends, which points may be made to bite into the bolt on which
the said locknut is screwed, thereby preventing the nut working loose; substantially
as hereinbefore described, & illustrated in figures 6, 7, 13, 14, 22, & 23, of the
accompanying drawings.