IMPROVE- MENTS IN APPARATUS FOR HEATING, COOKING, AND BOILING WATER BY GAS
Year: 1881

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Sigismund Leoni, of 66, St. Paul Street, New North
Road, in the County of Middlesex, Engineer, for an Invention of "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN APPARATUS FOR HEATING, COOKING, AND BOILING WATER BY
GAS."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Sigismund Leoni at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 26th October 1881.
SIGISMUND LEONI, of 66, St. Paul Street, New North Road, in the County of
Middlesex, Engineer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR HEATING, COOKING,
AND BOILING WATER BY GAS."
My Invention has for its object economy and simplicity in the construction of
gas apparatus and also in the consumption of gas employed therein.
And my Invention consists in the different forms of burners and the improve-
ments in the apparatus to which they are applied, hereinafter described.
The first form of burner (which is a slow combustion burner) consists of a
cylindrical tube, the top of which is slotted for the exit of gas, or it may be
perforated only, or have perforations connected by slots. Inside this tube is
contained another tube of smaller diameter, perforated with two rows of holes for
the required distribution of the gas. These two rows of holes are at or opposite
the bottom of the outer tube, so that gas with air entering the inner tube will
strike against the bottom of the outer tube and gradually reach the outlet at the
point of combustion. The inner tube projects a short distance beyond the entrance
end of the outer tube, and is furnished with a proportionately sized air chamber to
admit air and gas in the usual way. For heating rooms the burner is connected
to a metal frame with a fire clay tile to reflect the heat into the room. This tile
has slots formed in it to receive metal clips (fixed so as to admit of easy renewal)
in which is inserted asbestos fibre, which receives the flame from the burner and
becomes incandescent, and burns with glowing effect.
In order to increase the radiation of heat and for ornament the said frame is
covered all round with nickel plates, which are placed at a suitable angle or angles
to produce the required effect.

page_text: The said frame, tile, and burner in combination form one heating apparatus,
which is suspended or stands in front of the bars of an ordinary fire grate, due
provision being made above the tile for the escape of the products of combustion
through an ordinary register by means of a metal conductor, causing an up draught
immediately the gas is lighted.
By this arrangement the gas fire can be used, or the ordinary coal fire may be
substituted for it by lifting the apparatus from the bar from which it was
suspended.
The same burner can be used as a grill by having two complete combinations of
apparatus as described, with a grill suspended between them from a rod on which
it is slidden in and out as required, and the whole is encased in a metal box open
in front, and provided with the necessary ontlet for fumes or vapours.
The apparatus as described may also be placed in a close chamber or oven for
baking or roasting. Another kind of burner (made of copper by preference)
consists of a circular box formed in two parts, the lower part being more curved
or dished than the upper part, in which latter part is formed a number of fine
apertures, each in the shape of a cross at small distances apart with a central air
tube to improve combustion. The air and gas are admitted through a hole in the
usual way. The effect of the air and gas issuing through the said numerous fine
outlets in combination with the central air tube is that the gas is burned with a
very slow combustion, and that a powerful uniform heat is produced over a larger
or smaller surfaco as required, with a comparatively smaller expenditure of gas and
with improved means of regulating the heat as required.
The same kind of buruer may also be used in the form of a tube instead of in
that of a circular box. In gas kitcheners or kitchen ranges the frames are formed
with grooves for receiving outside plates of sheet iron or other suitable material in
order to admit of the easy renewal of the outer plates without otherwise interfering
with the kitchener.
In order to facilitate the lifting of the hot plate the latter is provided with
four V shaped projections to drop into corresponding V shaped grooves, so as to fit
therein similar to a male and female screw, thereby dispensing with the use of
screws, rivets, or other ordinary fastenings. The door instead of being made of
ono solid piece will form a cast iron moulding representing a neat frame with a
central division to receive one or two light ornamental panels, which may be
perforated, and of metal, wood, papier-machió, or other suitable material; the panels
may also be hinged and form a rest for plates, dishes, and similar articles.
The apparatus for boiling water rapidly and economically consists of a series of
vertical tubes connected at top and bottom by T pipes, thereby forming a tubular
apparatus for circulating water, under which is applied the gas burner, which I
prefer to be that last above described, the whole of the said tubular apparatus being
surrounded by a suitable casing in order to prevent the escape of heat. The inlet
and outlet as well as the expansion pipe are provided in the usual way. For
removing the fur or incrustation it is only necessary to remove the plug screwed
in the end of each baso formed by T pipes and to insert a scraper or brush.
Another form of apparatus for heating water consists in an outer and inner
cylinder, with a number of partitions for the purpose of dividing the water and
increasing the heating surface. The water is admitted at the lower part of the
apparatus; it is then caused to flow to the upper part thereof, whence as it passes
over various heated surfaces it becomes divided, and is retarded in its progress
towards the outlet by the obstacles or impediments caused by the partitions and
corrugated flues. These flues multiplied at the lower part of the apparatus are
reduced in number at the central and upper parts thereof. The flue pipes aro
corrugated so as to form narrow grooves for the water to percolate slowly through,
and thus form another impediment to quick circulation,

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Sigismund Leoni in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 26th April
1882.
SIGISMUND LEONI, of 66, St. Paul Street, New North Road, in the County of
Middlesex, Engineer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR HEATING, COOKING,'
AND BOILING WATER BY Gas."
My Invention of improvements in apparatus for heating, cooking, and boiling
water by gas bas for its object economy and simplicity in the construction of gas
apparatus and also in the consumption of gas employed therein.
And my
Invention consists in the different forms of burners, and the improvements in the
apparatus to which they are applied, hereinafter described.
The first form of burner (which is a slow combustion burner), consists of a
cylindrical tube, the top of which is slotted for the exit of gas, or it may be
perforated only, or have perforations connected by slots. Inside this tube is
contained another tube of smaller diameter, perforated with two rows of holes for
the required distribution of the gas. These two rows of holes are at or opposite
the bottom of the outer tube, so that gas with air entering the inner tube will
strike against the bottom of the outer tube and gradually reach the outlet at the
point of combustion. The inner tube projects a short distance beyond the entrance
end of the outer tube, and is furnished with a proportionately sized air chamber to
admit air and gas in the usual way.
For heating rooms the burner is connected to a metal frame with a fire clay tile
to reflect the heat into the room. This tile has slots formed in it to receive inctal
clips (fixed so as to admit of easy renewal), in which is inserted asbestos fibre,
which receives the flame from the burner and becomes incandescent and burns
with glowing effect.
In order to increase the radiation of heat and for ornament the said frame is or
may be covered all round with nickel plates, which are placed at a suitable angle
or angles to produce the required effect.
The said frame, tile, and burner in combination form one heating apparatus,
which is suspended or stands in front of the bars of an ordinary fire grate, due
provision being made above the tile for the escape of the products of combustion
through an ordinary register by means of a metal conductor, causing an up draught
immediately the gas is lighted.
By this arrangement the gas fire can be used, or the ordinary coal fire may
be substituted for it by lifting the apparatus from the bar from which it was
suspended.
The same burner can be used as a grill by having two complete combinations
of apparatus as described with a grill suspended between them from a rod on
which it is slidden in and out as required, and the whole is encased in a metal box
open in front, and provided with a necessary outlot for fumes or vapours.
The apparatus as described may also be placed inside a close chamber or oven
for baking or roasting.
Another kind of burner (made of copper by preference) consists of a circular box
formed in two parts, the lower part being more curved or dished than the upper
part, in which latter part is formed a number of tine apertures, each in the shape of
a cross at sinal distances apart, with a central air tube to improve combustion.
The air and gas are admitted through a tube in the usual way. The effect of the
air and gas issuing through the said numerous fine outlets in combination with the
central air tube is that the gas is burned with a very slow combustion, and that a
powerful uniform heat is produced over a larger or smaller_surface as required, with

page_text: a comparatively smaller expenditure of gas, and with improved means of regulating
the heat as required.
The same kind of burner may also be used in the form of a tube instead of in
that of a circular box.
In gas kitcheners or kitchen ranges the frames are formed with grooves for
receiving outside plates of sheet iron or other suitable material in order to admit
of the easy renewal of the outer plates without otherwise interfering with the
kitchener. In order to facilitate the lifting of the hot plato the latter is provided
with four V shaped projections to drop into corresponding V shaped grooves, so as
to fit therein similar to a male and female screw, thereby dispensing with the use
of screws, rivets, or other ordinary fastenings. The door instead of being made of
one solid piece will form a cast iron moulding representing a neat frame with a
central division to receive one or two light ornamental panels which may be
perforated, and of metal, wood, papier maché, or other suitable material; tho panels
may also be hinged and form a rest for plates, dishes, and similar articles.
The apparatus for boiling water rapidly and economically consists of a series of
vertical tubes connected at top and bottom by T pipes, thereby forming a tubular
apparatus for circulating water, under which is applied the gas burner, which I
prefer to be that last above described, the whole of the said tubular apparatus
being surrounded by a suitable casing in order to prevent the escape of heat. The
inlet and outlet as well as the expansion pipe are provided in the usual way. For
removing the fur or incrustation it is only necessary to remove the plug screwed
in the end of each base formed by T pipes and to insert a scraper or brush.
Another form of apparatus for heating water consists in an outer and inner
cylinder, with a number of partitions for the purpose of dividing the water and
increasing the heating surface. The water is admitted at the lower part of the
apparatus; it is then caused to flow to the upper part thereof, whence as it passes
over various heated surfaces it becomes divided, and is retarded in its progress
wards the outlet by the obstacles or impediments caused by the partitions and
c. ugated flues. These flues multiplied at the lower part of the apparatus are
rediced in number at the central and upper parts thereof. The flue pipes are
corrugated so as to form narrow grooves for the water to percolate slowly through,
and thus form another impediment to quick circulation.
Having thus stated the nature of the said Invention, I will proceed to describe
more particularly in what manner tho same is to be performed by the aid of the
accompanying Drawings, in which are represented the different forms of burners
and apparatus above referred to.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Fig. 1 represents the first form of burner combined with a fire clay tile, asbestos,
and a frame constituting a heating apparatus; Fig. 2 is an end view; and Fig. 3,
a transverse vertical section of the same; Fig. 4 shews the inner tube of the burner
detached and Fig. 5 represents on an enlarged scale the mode of fitting the
asbestos to the fire clay tile.
The said burner consists of a cylindrical tube A, which has formed in its upper
part a long slot B for the exit of gas from its interior. This tube A instead of
being slotted in this manner may be perforated, or it may be formed with
perforations connected by slots or otherwise, so as to admit of the issue of gas in
order to maintain the asbestos in an incandescent state as required. C is a tube
of smaller diameter inserted in the tube A, and perforated with one or with two
rows of holes, as shewn in the underneath plan of the tube, Fig. 4. These
perforations are opposite the bottom of the outer tube A, so that gas with air
entering the inner tube C, as indicated by the arrow, will strike against the
internal bottom of the tube A. and gradually reach the outlet or outlets Bat
the point of combustion. The inner tube C projects beyond the outer tube A, and
is furnished with a proportionately sized air chamber D as shewn, for the admission
of gas and air together as usual.

page_text: With the burner as above described is combined a metal frame E, which carries
a fire clay tile F, in which are formed slots adapted to receive metal clips G, in
which is inserted asbestos fibre, which is caused by the flame to become
incandescent, and produce heat that is radiated from the tile as required; and in
order to increase the radiation of heat from the apparatus and for ornament the
frame E may be covered all round with.nickel-plates placed at a suitable angle or
angles, and kept bright for the purpose.
The frame E, tile F, and burner above described, form together a heating
apparatus, which can be suspended in front of an ordinary fire grate, the products
of combustion being allowed to escape through an ordinary register by means of a
conductor as at H, which causes an up draught as soon as the gas is lighted. By
this arrangement the said heating apparatus may be used in substitution for the
ordinary coal fire, or it may be easily removed by lifting it off from the bar from
which it is suspended whenever the coal fire is required to be used.
The said apparatus may be fitted with a guard if required, and instead of being
suspended in front of a fire grate as described, may be made so as to stand in any
convenient position, and be ornamental in form, as shewn in Fig. 6; or tho
ornamental top may be removed so as to adapt it for boiling, as shewn in
Fig. 7.
In Fig. 8 is shewn the said apparatus adapted for use as a grill, by its being
doubled and having a grill suspended between the two fire clay tiles, each with the
asbestos in an incandescent state, from a rod on which the said grill is slidden as
required. This grill is enclosed as shewn within a metal case, open in front and
provided with a necessary outlet for fumes and vapours.
In this Figure I, I, are the pipes for supplying gas to the circular burners J, J,
(hereinafter described) which are arranged so as to heat vessels placed on the top
plate or grating K of the apparatus or kitchener; L is a hot water apparatus,
heated by means of a burner M, hereinafter described. At N is shewn the door
of an oven.
In Fig. 9 is represented the same heating apparatus adapted and applied as a
register with an oven over it. This apparatus can be used either as a heating stove
or as a kitchener.
The above described apparatus may have combined with it various forms of
vessels for cooking, and it may be variously modified to adapt it for different uses
while still retaining its essential combination of a frame, tile with asbestos, and
burner as described. At Figures 10 and 11 are represented in side and end
elevations a water heater, which can be hung onto the upper part of the apparatus,
shewn in Fig. 1, and at Fig. 12 is represented detached the double grill shewn in
Fig. 8, which grill can be slidden as required on rods fixed inside the apparatus.
Fig. 13 is a plan view of the circular burner J, shewn at the upper part of Fig. 8;
it consists of a circular box formed in two parts, J¹ and J³, whereof the lower
part J is more curved or dished than the upper part, as shewn in Fig. 14. In the
upper part, Fig. 13, are formed a number of fine apertures each in the form of a
cross for the purpose of more completely dividing the Hame, and there is a central air
tube P for improving combustion. Air and gas are admitted through the pipe Q, and
issuing through the numerous fine outlets in combination with the central air tube
P causes the gas to be burned with a very slow combustion and to produce a
powerful uniform heat over a larger or smaller surface, with a comparatively
smaller expenditure of gas. This form of burner also gives facility for regulating
the heat as required.
Fig. 15 represents this kind of burner in the form of a half-tube, and with a
central air passage when the burner is above three inches in width, but it is made
without such passage when the burner is narrower, as shewn in Fig. 16.
Fig. 17 is an open cast iron frame representing one of the sides of a kitchener
divided into two panels, with grooves at top and bottom and a double groove in the
centre, receiving sliding iron plates R, R, which can be easily replaced when
required.

page_text: Fig. 18 is a plan view of the top frame of the kitchener, showing the four conical
sockets S, S; Fig. 19 is a section of an open frame representing the hot plate of
the kitchener having on it four V shaped projections T, T, adapted to fit into the
sockets S, S, thereby dispensing with the use of screws, rivets, or other ordinary
fastenings.
Figures 20 and 21 represent in plan and end view the central double grooved
part above referred to.
Fig. 22 is a plan of a grating under which the burners are fixed, and on which
are placed kettles, saucepans, or other cooking utensils. The forin of the grating is
such as to leave openings at U, U, for the passage of air required for combustion,
leaving as much open space as possible between the utensil and the gas fire in
order to secure the direct action of the heat.
The advantages in the use of a moveable hot plate such as that described are a
greater safety in carriage, with greater facility for keeping clean and for repairs as
required.
Fig. 23 is a front elevation and Fig. 24 a plan of the apparatus for boiling water.
It consists of a series of vertical tubes V, V, connected at top and bottom by
T tubes W, W, under which bottom is applied the gas burner, the whole of the
said tubular apparatus being surrounded by a suitable casing in order to prevent
the escape of heat; X, X, are plugs screwed into the end of the T tubes at the buse
for the purpose of facilitating the removal of fur or incrustation.
Another form of boiling apparatus is represented in Figures 25 to 29. Fig. 25
is a vertical section of the apparatus; Fig. 26 is a horizontal section on the
line 1, 2, Fig. 27 in the line 3, 4, Fig. 28 in the line 5, 6, and Fig. 29 in the
line 7, 8, of Fig. 25.
In these several Figures the flues for distributing the heat are shewn nt a, a,
the course of the water is shewn at b, b. The flues a, a, are divided by partitions
communicating between the outer and the inner cylinder. The water in its descent
from the part of the apparatus shewn in Fig. 29 percolates past the flues through
the partitions into the cylinders, and from thence passes out through the outlet.
The inlet for the water is at c and the outlet at d. The mere passage of the water
through the apparatus as described is sufficient to increase the temperature of the
water by fifty or sixty degrees.
Having thus described the nature of the said Invention and in what manner
the same is to be performed, I hereby declare that what I claim as of
is,―
my Invention
First. The concentric burner, formed of an outer tube and a perforated inner
tube, with a sufficient space between the two for the proper admixture of air and
gas, as described with reference to Figures 1, 2, 3, and 4, the air and gas being
supplied through the inlet of tube C, while the mixture becomes ignited at the
outlet B, as hereinbefore described.
Secondly. The combination consisting of the said burner fitted below a fireclay
tile F set in a metal frame E, and slotted to receive metal clips G, G, filled in with
asbestos, as described with reference to Figures 1, 2, 3, and 5. In this form
the heating apparatus is adapted to be suspended in front of an ordinary fire
grate.
Thirdly. The same combination of parts fitted inside a set of castings to be
used independently of a fire grate, as a portable stove for either heating or cooking
purposes, or for the two combined, as described with reference to Figures 6 and 7.
Fourthly. The adaptation of the said combination for a grill in the manner
described with reference to Fig. 8.
Fifthly. The adaptation of the said combination for use as a kitchener in the
manner described with reference to Fig. 9.
Sixthly. The circular burner, as described with reference to Figures 13 and 14.
Seventhly. The semi-tubular burner as described with reference to Figures 15
and 16.
Eighthly. The application to a kitchener, or oven, or heating closet of movcable

page_text: parts or panels adapted to slide in and out in groves, as described with reference
to Fig. 17.
Ninthly. The application to a kitchener of a moveable hot plate, as described
with reference to Figures 18 and 19.
Tenthly. The boiling apparatus composed of vertical tubes fitted with T tubes,
as described with reference to Figures 23 and 24.
And, Lastly. The boiling apparatus formned of a series of heat flues and water
spaces arranged in the manner described with reference to Figures 25 to 29.
In witness whereof, I, the said Sigismund Leoni, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, the Twenty sixth day of April, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and eighty two.
Witness,
FRANK REDMAN,
8, Quality Court,
Chancery Lane.
S. LEONI. (LS.)