Improvements in Copying and Printing Presses.
Year: 1899

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Copying and Printing Presses.
I, ALBERTO POBLETE Y GARIN, of 206, President Street, in the City of New
York (Borough of Brooklyn) in the County of Kings and State of New York,
United States of America, Lawyer, do hereby declare the nature of this inven
tion to be as follows:-
My invention relates to presses, and particularly copying presses, and has for
its object to provide a construction which will enable the operator to exert an
even pressure, so as to secure a perfect and uniform copying action, with a press
of moderate strength so that the apparatus may be constructed of very light
weight. My invention is therefore particularly adapted for use as a portable
copying press for the use of travellers.
The press comprises a suitable number (say three) of clamps or holders each
having two straight members and a connecting bend. These holders are adapted
to be applied to a copying book, the bends fitting over the back of the book.
Between the leaves of the book, at the place where it is desired to copy a
letter or other document I interpose a trilateral prismatic cushion filled with
air or other fluid. The cushion is made of suitable strength, and impermeability,
according to the nature of the fluid used, and is preferably provided with a tube
or nipple for filling or inflating it.
The clamps or holders book and cushion having been put together, a pressure
device consisting of a compressing frame is slid over the holders from the back,
said frame being rectangular to embrace the book and holders. To prevent á
movement of the book, the holders may be provided with hooks. As the frame
is moved forward over the diverging arms of the holders, said arms are moved
toward each other, causing a pressure to be exerted upon the book. By the
interposition of the cushion the pressure is equalized so as to be applied evenly
to all parts of the page to be copied. A clear and uniform copy is the result; .
at the same time the necessary pressure is much less than that required with
the usual presses with which an uneven pressure is obtained. As a consequence
the press can be made very light which makes it very convenient for travellers.
As the press consists of separate parts taking up very little space, its convenience.
for travelling purposes is obviously increased.
The holders instead of being separate might be .connected by a stationary
frame similar to the compressing frame above referred to, but smaller than the
same. Or instead of the holders, I may employ two boards preferably provided
at their edges with grooves adapted to receive respectively the stationary frame:
adapted to connect the boards at the back of the book, and the movable com-
pressing frame.
:
In another form of my invention, the press formis part of an article of furni-
ture. The book with a board and the cushion is placed in a drawer mounted:
to slide in guideways. In the path of the drawer are arranged two arms depend

page_text: ing from a shaft journaled in the stationary body of the article of furniture, and
carrying an eccentric or cam arranged to bear on the board. As the drawer is
pushed in, the arms will be swung to turn the cam and depress the board thereby
making the copy in the book.
In another modification I provide a frame forming a tapering or wedge-shaped
chamber, preferably by securing upon a base uprights and to the latter a board
inclined relatively to the base. Rollers are preferably provided in the opposing
faces of the base and of the said inclined board. Instead of a solid board, I may
employ a series of rollers forming, as it were, a skeleton board. In operation
the book with the cushion is inserted from the wide end of the chamber formed
between the inclined board and the base and is pushed toward the narrow end,
thus applying a gradual pressure.
In another form of my invention a top is connected with the base by hinges
and a suitable device is provided for pressing the top toward the base, it being
understood that the copying book and cushion are placed between the top and
the base. The compressing device consists of a link hinged to the base, an arm
projected from the top and a lever pivoted to the link and engaged by the arm.
The point of engagement may be varied if desired.
In another modification an inflatable cusliion is located between a top frame
and a bottom frame connected by hooks projecting from arms hinged to the top
frame, said hooks engaging pins on the bottom frame: The arms are connected
so as to move in unison by longitudinal bars and a cross bar carrying a handle.
The arms of the hooks are continued downward and carry at the bottom other
hooks facing in the opposite direction to the first mentioned hooks and adapted
to engage pins on a base. The copying book (with a cushion) is adapted to be
placed between the base and the bottom frame. In operation the first mentioned
hooks being engaged with the pins on the bottom frame, so that the top and
bottom frames cannot move apart, the cushion in inflated so as to put it under
pressure. The said frames are then placed on top of the book resting on the base,
and by an appropriate movement of the handle the other hooks are first engaged
with the pins on the base and immediately thereafter the first mentioned hooks
are disengaged from the pins on the bottom frame thereby allowing the inflated
cushion to press the bottom frame downward against the book.
In another modification a top and a base are adapted to receive between them
cushions, each of which is filled with a fluid and formed on its inner side with
a sheath into which may be inserted one of the covers of the book. The pres-
sure equalizing cushion before referred to may be used within the book in this
case also.
Pressure is applied by any suitable devices for moving the top toward
the base.
Although I have so far described my elastic cushion in its application as a
pressure-equalizer to copying presses only, I desire it to be understood that it
may be applied in many other instances where it is advantageous to equalize the
action of a pressure-exerting device and to reduce the pressure required. It
will be understood that the said cushion by itself exerts no pressure, but merely
receives and transmits in a uniform manner, the pressure produced by some
other device; also an increase in the size of the surface to which the pressure
is to be applied, will only necessitate an increase in the dimensions of the cushion,
but will not necessitate an increase in the pressure to be applied, since the pres-
sure is transmitted undiminished to all parts of the cushion (and consequently
of the surface to be subjected to pressure) whatever its size may be. This result,
I believe, will not be obtained without the interposition of the fluid cushion
serving as a pressure-transmitter.
-
As an example of a different application of my invention I will now describe
a cylinder printing press provided with a type cylinder of any approved con-
struction and an impression cylinder comprising a core and an annular cushion
filled with air or other fluid. The web passes between the cylinders as usual,
and the cushion equalizes the pressure in the same manner as in the copying

page_text: presses herein before described, and makes it possible to apply a smaller pressure
than is required with the presses of ordinary construction.
Dated this 4th day of April 1899.
A. M. & WM. CLARK,
Chartered Patent Agents, 53, Chancery Lane, London.
Improvements in Copying and Printing Presses.
I, ALBERTO POBLETE Y GARIN, formerly of 206, President Street, in the City
of New York, United States of America, and at present of Imprenta de la Lei,
Santiago de Chili, South America, Lawyer, do hereby declare the nature of this
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement:—
My invention relates to presses and particularly copying presses, and has for
its object to provide a construction which will enable the operator to exert
an even pressure, so as to secure a perfect and uniform copying action, with a
press of moderate strength, so that the apparatus may be constructed of very
light weight. My invention is therefore particularly adapted for use as a portable
copying press for the use of travellers.
The invention will be fully described hereinafter, and the features of novelty
pointed out in the appended claims.
Reference is to be had to the accompanying drawings forming a part of this
specification, in which similar characters of reference indicate corresponding
parts in all the figures.
Figure 1 is a perspective view of a simple form of press' constructed according
to my invention;
Figure 2 is a detail view of the clamp or holder;
Figure 3 shows the compressing frame;
Figure 4 is a cross section of the equalizing cushion;
Figure 5 illustrates a modification;
Figures 6 and 7 are a longitudinal and a cross section respectively of another
form of my invention, the sections being taken on the lines 6-6 and 7--7,
respectively;
Figures 8 and 9 and likewise 10 and 11 are side views, and front views
respectively of still other forms of the invention;
Figures 12 and 13 are an elevation and a plan respectively of another copying
press constructed according to my invention;
Figure 14 is a front view of a copying press with a plurality of equalizing
cushions; and
Figure 15 shows the application of my invention to a printing press.
As illustrated by Figures 1 to 4, the press comprises a suitable number (say
three) of clamps or holders A each having two straight members A¹ and a con
necting bend A². These holders are adapted to be applied to a copying book 1
of usual construction, the bends A2 fitting over the back B¹.
Between the leaves of the book, at the place where it is desired to copy a
letter or other document, I interpose a trilateral prismatic cushion filled with
air or other fluid. The cushion is made of suitable strength, and impermeability,
according to the nature of the fluid used, and is preferably provided with a tube
or nipple C for filling or inflating it.
The holders A, book B and cushion C. having been put together as shown in

page_text: Figure 1, a pressure device consisting of a compressing frame D is slid over the
holders A from the back, said frame being rectangular to embrace the book and
holders. To prevent a movement of the book B, the holders may be provided
with hooks A³. As the frame is moved forward over the diverging arms A¹
of the holders A, said arms are moved toward each other, causing a pressure to
be exerted upon the book B. By the interposition of the cushion C, the pressure
is equalized so as to be applied evenly to all parts of the page to be copied. A
clear and uniform copy, is the result; at the same time, the necessary pressure
is much less than that required with the usual presses with which an uneven
pressure is obtained.
As a consequence, the press can be made very light,
which makes it very convenient for travellers. As the press consists of separate
parts taking up very little space, its convenience for travelling purposes is
obviously increased.
The holders A instead of being separate, might be connected by a frame
similar to the frame D, but smaller than the same. Or instead of the holders A,
I may, as shown in Figure 5, employ two boards E, preferably provided at their
edges with grooves E adapted to receive respectively the stationary frame F
adapted to connect the boards E at the back of the book B, and the movable
compressing frame D¹.
In Figures 6 and 7, I have shown another form of my invention, the press
in this case forming part of an article of furniture. The book B with a board E²
and the cushion is placed in a drawer F¹ mounted to slide in guideways G.
In the path of the drawer are arranged two arms H depending from a shaft H
journalfed in the stationary body of the article of furniture, and carrying an
eccentric or cam H2 arranged to bear on the board E². As the drawer is pushed
in, the arms H¹ will be swung to turn the cam H2 and depress the board E²,
thereby making the copy in the book.
As shown in Figures 8 and 9, I provide a frame forming a tapering or wedge-
shaped chamber, preferably by securing upon a base I, uprights J and to the latter
a board K inclined relatively to the base. Rollers L are preferably provided in
the oposing faces of the base and of the inclined board K. Instead of a solid
board, I may employ a series of rollers forming, as it were, a skeleton board.
In operation the book B with the cushion C is inserted from the wide end of
the chamber formed between the inclined board K and the base I, and is pushed
toward the narrow end, thus applying a gradual pressure.
.
Another form of my invention is shown in Figures 10 and 11. Here a top M
is connected with the base I¹ by hinges N and a suitable device is provided for
pressing the top toward the base, it being understood that the copying book B
and cushion C are placed between the top and the base. As illustrated, the com-
pressing device consists of a link hinged to the base, an arm O' projected from
the top, and a lever 02 pivoted to the link O and engaged by the arm 01. The
point of engagement may be varied if desired.
The
In Figures 12 and 13, an inflatable cushion C is shown as located between a top
frame and a bottom frame 1", connected by hooks Q projecting from arms Q2
hinged to the top frame, said hooks engaging pins P2 on the bottom frame.
The arms Q2 are connected so as to move in unison, by longitudinal bars R and
a cross bar R¹ carrying a handle R². The arms Q² of the hooks Q are continued
downward and carry at the bottom hooks Q¹ facing in the opposite direction to
the hooks Q. The hooks Q₁ are adapted to engage pins I on a base I².
copying book B (with the cushion C) is adapted to be placed between the base I2
and the bottom frame P¹. In operation, the hooks Qbeing engaged with the
pins P so that the frames P P cannot move apart, the cushion is inflated so
as to put it under pressure. The frames 1' 1" are then placed on top of the
book B resting on the base I, and by an appropriate movement of the handle R³
the hooks Q are first engaged with the pins 13, and immediately thereafter the
hooks Q-are disengaged from the pins P², thereby allowing the inflated cushion C³
to press the frame P¹.downward against the book B.

page_text: In Figure 14 a top M¹ and a base I' are adapted to receive between them the
cushions C³, each of which is filled with a fluid and formed on its inner side with
a sheath C into which may be inserted one of the covers of the book B. The
cushion C may be used within the book in this case also. Pressure is applied
by any suitable devices for moving the top toward the base.
Although I have so far described my elastic cushion (C) in its application as a
pressure-equalizer to copying presses only, I desire it to be understood that it
may be applied in many other instances where it is advantageous to equalize the
action of a pressure-exerting device and to reduce the pressure required. It will
be understood that the cushion C by itself exerts no pressure, but merely receives.
and transmits in a uniform manner, the pressure produced by some other
device also, an increase in the size of the surface to which the pressure is to be
applied, will only necessitate an increase in the dimensions of the cushion, but
will not necessitate an increase in the pressure to be applied, since the pressure
is transmitted undiminished to all parts of the cushion (and consequently of the
surface to be subjected to pressure), whatever its size may be. This result, I
believe, will not be obtained without the interposition of the fluid cushion serving
as a pressure-transmitter.
As an example of a different application of my invention, I have shown in
Figure 15 a cylinder printing press provided with a type cylinder S of any
approved construction and an impression cylinder comprising a core T and an
annular cushion filled with air or other fluid. The web U passes between
the cylinders as usual, and the cushion C5 equalizes the pressure in the same
manner as the cushion C in the constructions herein before described, and makes
it possible to apply a smaller pressure than required with the presses of ordinary
construction.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is
1. The interposition, between a pressure-exerting device and the article upon
which pressure is to be exerted, of a pressure-equalizing cushion adapted to be
filled with a fluid, substantially as described.
2. The improvement in the copying of letters and other documents, which
consists in interposing a cushion filled with a fluid, between the leaves of a
copying book, and exerting pressure on the said book externally.
3. A copying press, consisting of diverging clamps or holders (whether in
the shape of bars or wires, or of boards) adapted to embrace a copying book, a
cushion adapted to be filled with a fluid and interposed between the leaves of the
book, and a compressing frame constructed to embrace, and slide upon the
diverging clamps, substantially as shown in Figures 1 to 5 and described with
reference thereto.
4. The provision at the ends of the diverging holders such as specified under
head 3, of hooks adapted to hold the copying book, substantially as shown and
described.
5. The provision, in the boards which form the diverging holders for the
copying book, of grooves forming seats for the connecting frame and the com-
pressing frame respectively, substantially as described.
6. The arrangement of the support for the copying book upon a slide, by the
movement of which a pressure-exerting mechanism located in the stationary
frame is operated, substantially as shown in Figures 6 and 7 and described with
reference thereto.
7. A copying apparatus comprising a suitable base, and a rigidly connected
top spaced therefrom and inclined relatively to the base, substantially as shown
in Figure 8 and described with reference thereto.
S. The provision in the construction specified under head 7 of rollers arranged
in the opposing faces of the top and base, substantially as described,

page_text: 9. A copying press comprising a suitable base, a top hinged thereto, a cushion
adapted to be filled with a fluid and interposed between the leaves of a copying
book, and means for pressing the top toward the base, substantially as shown in
Figs. 10 and 11 and described with reference thereto.
10. A copying press comprising two, frames, an inflatable cushion between
them, a base adapted to serve as a support for a copying book, and connecting
devices for preventing the frames from moving apart before the upper frame is
connected with the base, substantially as shown in Figs. 12 and 13, and described
with reference thereto.
11. In a copying press of the character specified under head 10, the provision
of arms pivoted to the upper frame and carrying two sets of hooks, the upper
set being adapted to hold the lower frame, and the lower set being adapted for
connection with the base, said sets of hooks facing in opposite directions so that
one set will be thrown into engagement when the other is thrown out of action,
substantially as described.
12. A copying press comprising cushions located between the top and the base
and each provided with a sheath adapted to receive one of the covers of a copying
book, substantially as shown in Figure 14 and described with reference thereto..
13. For use in copying books, an inflatable cushion wedge shaped, so that its
narrow end may be readily introduced between the leaves of the book adjacent to
the back, substantially as described.
Dated this 21st day of November 1899.
A. M. & WM. CLARK,
Chartered Patent Agents, 53, Chancery Lane, London.