IMPROVEMENTS IN UMBRELLAS, PARASOLS, AND SUNSHADES."
Year: 1878

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Hoyland, of Eckland Bridge Works, near
Penistone, in the County of York, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
UMBRELLAS, PARASOLS, AND SUNSHADES."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Hoyland at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 2nd August 1878.
WILLIAM HOYLAND, of Eckland Bridge Works, near Penistone, in the County
of York. "IMPROVEMENTS IN UMBRELLAS, PARASOLS, AND SUNSHADES."
This Invention has for its object improvements in umbrellas, parasols, and sun-
shades.
In order that the catches commonly employed in connection with umbrellas,
parasols, and sunshades, to keep them open and closed, may be dispensed with, and
also in order to strengthen the frame, I employ an additional or intermediate runner
sliding upon the stick between the ordinary runner which receives the ends of the
stretchers and the top notch to which the ends of the ribs are jointed. This inter-
mediate runner. I connect by links to the stretchers.
The stretchers have bits fixed upon them at some distance from their inner ends
to receive the joint pins for connecting the links.
It is preferred to employ two links in connection with each stretcher, one on either
side of it, so that when the umbrella, parasol, or sunshade is closed the stretcher may
lie close to the stick between the two links. I also to keep the stretchers in this
position, when the umbrella, parasol, or sunshade is closed, fix a spring to each
stretcher at a point some distance away from the bit to which the links are jointed.
This spring bears upon a cross bar which connects the two links together at a short
[Price 6d1

page_text: distance from the joint and tends to press the cross bar towards the stretcher,
and so to make the stretcher and the links lie parallel the one to the other,
which is approximately their position when the umbrella, parasol, or sunshade is
closed.
As the umbrella, parasol, or sunshade is opened by sliding the main runner up the
stick the links and the stretchers separate until they become perpendicular, and
when the umbrella, parasol, or sunshade is fully open they have passed this position,
and begun again to close together, so that the springs tend to hold the umbrella,
parasol, or sunshade open as well as closed.
The intermediate runner is made of such a length that it serves as a stop or
abutment for the main runnner when the umbrella, parasol, or sunshade is the
intermediate runner itself being then in contact with the top notch.
open,

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said William Hoyland in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 31st January
1879.
WILLIAM HOYLAND, of Eckland Bridge Works, near Penistone, in the County
of York. 'IMPROVEMENTS, IN UMBRELLAS, PARASOLS, AND SUNSHADES."
"
This Invention has for its object improvements in umbrellas, parasols, and
sunshades.
In order that the catches commonly employed in connection with umbrellas,
parasols, and sunshades, to keep them opened and closed, may be dispensed with, and
also in order to strengthen the frame, I employ an additional or intermediate runner
sliding upon the stick between the ordinary runner which receives the ends of the
stretchers and the top notch to which the ends of the ribs are jointed. This inter-
mediate runner I connect by links to the stretchers.
The stretchers have bits fixed upon them at some distance from their inner ends
to receive the joint pins for connecting the links.
I sometimes employ two links in connection with each stretcher, one on either
side of it, so that when the umbrella, parasol, or sunshade is closed the stretcher may
lie close to the stick between the two links. Also to keep the stretchers in this
position when the umbrella, parasol, or sunshade is closed, I fix a spring to each
stretcher at a point some distance away from the bit to which the links are jointed.
This spring bears upon a cross bar which connects the two links together at a short
distance from the joint and tends to press the cross bar towards the stretcher,
and so to make the stretcher and the links lie parallel the one to the other,
which is approximately their position when the umbrella, parasol, or sunshade is
closed.
As the umbrella, parasol, or sunshade is opened by sliding the main runner up the
stick the links and the stretchers separate until they become perpendicular, and
when the umbrella, parasol, or sunshade is fully open they have passed this position,
and begun again to close together, so that the springs tend to hold the umbrella,
parasol, or sunshade open as well as closed.
The intermediate runner is made of such a length that it serves as a stop or
abutment for the main runner when the umbrella, parasol, or sunshade is open, the
intermediate runner itself being then in contact with the top notch.
In order that my said Invention may be most fully understood and readily carried
into effect, I will proceed to describe the Drawings hereunto annexed.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Figure 1 is a section of the frame of an umbrella constructed according to my
Invention.
.
A is a portion of the stick; B is the top notch fixed to the stick near its end, and
receiving the inner ends of the ribs C, C, as is usual; D is the ordinary runner
capable of sliding along the stick, and the inner ends of the stretchers E are jointed
to it; the outer ends of the stretchers are also jointed to the ribs in the ordinary
way, and as is seen in Figure 1; F is the intermediate runner which I place upon the
stick between the ordinary runner D and the top notch B; G, G, are the links by
which I connect the intermediate runner with the stretchers. I employ by
preference two of these links for each stretcher, so that the links lie on either side
of the stretchers. E¹, E', are bits fixed upon the stretchers to receive the pins by
which the links G are jointed to them, these bits are applied in the same way as
the bits on the ribs are usually fixed; H, H, are cross bars connecting the links of
each pair. The way in which these cross bars are applied is represented in the cross
section, Figure 2, which is drawn to an enlarged scale. I, I, are springs fixed to the
stretchers and which press upon the cross bars H.

page_text: The way in which the springs I are fixed in their places upon the stretchers
is shown by the cross section, Figure 3, which also is drawn to an enlarged
scale.
Figure 4 is a side view of a portion of the stick of the umbrella, and with it there
is shown the outer end of one of the ribs C, also the ordinary runner D, the inter-
mediate runner F, and two of the links G, connecting the intermediate runner with
one of the stretchers; the stretcher itself is not seen as it lies beneath the rib. All
the parts in this Figure are in the positions which they occupy when the umbrella
is closed.
Figure 5 shows the head of the intermediate runner and the ends of the links G
jointed to it in a similar manner to that in which the ribs are jointed to the top
notch, and the stretchers to the ordinary runner.
Figure 6 is a plan of a portion of one of the stretchers with the pair of
links G, jointed to it, their cross bar H and the spring I fixed to the stretcher, and
pressing upon the cross bar.
The pressure of the springs upon the cross bars as already stated tends to
prevent the umbrella closing when open, and when it is closed to keep the stretchers
and links parallel and closed together; this compels them, and also the ribs, to lie
close in against the stick so that no fastening is required to keep the umbrella
closed.
It is preferred to make the intermediate runner F of such a length that when the
umbrella is opened it fills the interval between the top notch and the ordinary
runner D, as is seen in Figure 1.
The cover of silk or other fabric is not shown in the Drawing; it is applied
in the usual way.
Sunshades and parasols may be similarly constructed.
Figure 7 shows another arrangement for carrying out my Invention. E is one
of the stretchers, and G is a single link connecting this stretcher with the inter-
mediate runner F; J, J, are two parallel blades which take the place of the spring I
in the arrangement first described. The blades J lie in the trough-like hollow of
the stretcher E and are secured by a rivet J*. The link G is connected with the
blades J by a pin joint at G*, and the end of the link projects so far beyond the
joint pin G* that it bears against the stretcher, and the movement of the parts in
opening and closing the umbrella, parasol, or sunshade, causes deflections of the
parts from which a spring-like action results as in the arrangements already
described.
Having thus described the nature of my said Invention and the manner of
performing the same, I would have it understood that I claim,-
First. The construction of umbrellas, parasols, and sunshades with an additional
or intermediate runner F, connected by links G with the stretchers, substantially as
described.
Second. In combination with the additional or intermediate runner and links
the connection of the links with the stretchers by spring joints operating substan-
tially as described.
Third. The construction of umbrellas, parasols, and sunshades substantially as
herein described, and represented in the annexed Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Hoyland, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this Twenty-fourth day of January, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and seventy-nine.