AN IMPROVED PROCESS AND APPARATUS FOR BLEACHING WASTE PAPER WHETHER PRINTED OR WRITTEN ON
Year: 1884

page_text: I, WILLIAM CLARK, of the firm of A, M, and W Clark, of 53; Chancery Lane,
in the County of Middlesex, Fellow of the Institute of Patent Agents, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED PROCESS AND
APPARATUS FOR BLEACHING WASTE PAPER WHETHER PRINTED OR WRITTEN ON,"
a communication to me from abroad. by Edouard. Auguste Désiré Guichard,
of 46, Rue Sévigné, Paris, France, Decorative Architect, to be as follows:-
+]
This Invention relates to an improved process and apparatus for bleaching waste
paper whether the same has been printed or written on. Waste printed and
manuscript paper has never hitherto been bleached sufficiently to enable it to
form a pulp suitable for the manufacture of white paper. This desirable result
is obtained by the method of treatment of this Invention, which is based on the
employment of the apparatus hereinafter described in which the waste paper is
treated mechanically in presence of a bleaching liquid composed of the ingredients
hereinafter spécified.
The machine which is of very simple construction, is illustrated in the accom-
panying drawing, figure 1 of which is a longitudinal section, and figure 2 a trans-
verse section of one arrangement. Figure 3 shews the interior surface of the
drum in the flat, while figure 4 is a section taken through the walls of the drum,
to show the studs fixed therein.
The machine consists essentially of a wood drum a of suitable dimensions
provided with an opening at which the paper and bleaching liquids are introduced,
which is closed by a wood cover b faced with indiarubber, so as to make a water-
tight joint. The interior of the drum is studded with bosses as shown in
figure 3. The drum is also provided with end journals c on which it is mounted
in frames d and with a cock h for running off the bleaching liquid charged with
printing ink &c.

page_text: The paper to be bleached after being cut up is placed in the cylinder, together
with a number of large flat stones, flints or pebbles having rounded ends or similar
shaped lumps of cast iron or other material, the friction of which upon the paper,
when the drum is set in motion produces an offect similar to that of a brush. A
number of balls or spheres of cast iron, stono, marble or other material are also
placed inside the drum, which exert a continual pressure upon the paper for
expressing the printing ink from its cells, the balls or spheres acting in the manner
of a pair of crushing rollers so as to reduce the raw material to a state of pulp.
The two sets of flat pebbles and balls thus produce a simultaneous frictional and
crushing uction, while the studs or bossos c with which the inner surface of the
drum is provided on being struck by the pebbles and balls project them in all
directions and in this manner act upon the whole contents of the drum.
The paper whether printed or manuscript is placed in the drum and immersed
in the bleaching liquid hereinafter specified and the drum is revolved either by
hand or other power and when the liquid is nearly black it is drawn off and
replaced by a fresh supply and the operation repeated until the matters are
completely bleached.
After this the pulp is introduced into a centrifugál hydro-extractor in order to
deprive it of any remaining traces of ink and produce cakes of half stuff containing
not more than from 40 to 50 per cent of water.
Any kind of bleaching liquor may be employed in connection with this machine,
but it is preferred to employ the following composition of this Invention, on account
of its efficacy and moderate price which is an indispensable condition in the trent-
ment of waste paper as the expense must be kept as low as possible to render its
utilization worth the outlay. These conditions are completely realized by the mode
of treatment herein described in an apparatus which is both simple cheap and
quick in action and in which a cheap but powerful solvent is employed.
This solvent consists of a mixture of turpentine, soap and bleaching fluid in
varying proportions according to the nature of the paper to be treated, the compo-
sition of the pulp, whether of rags, straw, wood &, the nature of the printing
ink or the variety of kinds of printed papers which usually contain more or less
varnish.
If the paper to be bleached is printed in strong ink the proportion of spirits of
turpentine should be increased, while if on the contrary it is printed in pale ink
the proportions of bleaching liquid and soapsuds should be increased. In the
generality of cases the following proportions give good results.

page_text: brush being fixed upon a rod m one end of which is supported in the hollow inlet
pipe hat which the bleaching liquid is introduced, the other end being fitted
centrally in the grating k. In figure 6 the rod m is dispensed with and the inlet
and outlet for the liquid is at the same end of the drum; for this purpose the
5 inlet pipe h is carried through the back n of the brush and is wholly enclosed
thereby so as to be protected from injury by the pebbles and balls striking against
it. The liquid after passing through the grating j is received in a kind of
chamber o bolted or, otherwise attached to the drum and escapes through the
openings p in said chamber.

page_text: IPLETE SPECIFICATION,
COMPLETE
.
I, WILLIAM CLARK, of the firm of A. M..and Wm. Clark, of 53, Chancery Lane,
in the County of Middlesex, Fellow of the Institute of Patent Agents, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED PROCESS AND
APPARATUS. FOR BLEACHING WASTE PAPER WHETHER PRINTED OR WHITTEN ON,"
(a communication to me from abroad by Edouard Augusto Désiré Guichard of
40, Rue Sévigné, Paris, France, Decorative Architect,) and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement:-
This Invention relates to an improved process and apparatus for bleaching wasto
paper, whether the same has been printed or written on. Waste printed and
manuscript paper has never hitherto been bleached, sufficiently to enable it to form
a pulp suitable for the manufacture of white paper.
This desirable result is
obtained by the method of treatment of this Invention, which is based on the
employment of the apparatus hereinafter described, in which the waste paper is
treated mechanically, in presence of a bleaching liquid, composed of the ingredients
hereinaftor specified.
The machine which is of very simple construction, is illustrated in the accom-
panying drawing, figure 1 of which is a longitudinal section, and figure 2 a
transverse section of one arrangement. Figure 3 shews the interior surface of the
drum in the flat, while figure 4 is a section taken through the walls of the drum,
to show the studs fixed therein.
The machine consists essentially of a wood drum a of suitable dimensions
provided with an opening at which the paper and bleaching liquids are introduced,
which is closed by a wood cover b, faced with indiarubber, so as to make a water-
tight joint. The interior of the drum is studded with bosses e as shown in figure 3.
The druin is also provided with end journalso on which it is mounted in frames d
and with a cock h for running off the bleaching liquid charged with printing
ink &c:-
The paper to be bleached after being cut up is placed in the cylinder, together
with a number of large flat stones, flints or pebbles having rounded ends or similar
shaped lumps of cast iron or other material, the friction of which upon the paper,
when the drum is set in motion, produces an effect similar to that of a brush.
A number of balls or spheres of cast iron, stone, marble or other material are also
placed inside the drum, which exert a continual pressure upon the paper for
expelling the printing ink, the balls or spheres acting in the manner of a pair of
crushing rollers, so as to reduce the raw material to a state of pulp. The two sets
of flat pebbles and balls, thus produce a simultaneous frictional and crushing action,
while the studs or bosses c with which the inner surface of the drum is provided,
on being struck by the pebbles and balls, project them in all directions, and in this
manner act upon the whole.contents of the drum.

page_text: The paper to be bleached whether printed or manuscript, is placed in the drum
and immersed in the bleaching liquid hereinafter specified, and the drum is then
revolved either by hand or other power, and when the liquid is nearly black, it is
.drawn off and replaced by a fresh supply and the operation repeated until the
matters are completely bleached.
After this, the pulp is introduced into a centrifugal hydro-extractor, in order to
deprive it of any remaining traces of ink and produce cakes of half stuff, containing
not more than from 40 to 50 per cent of water.
Any kind of bleaching liquor may be employed in connection with this machine,
but it is preferred to employ the following composition of this Invention, on
account of its efficacy and moderate price, which is an indispensible condition in
the treatment of waste paper, as the expense must be kept as low as possible, in
order to render its utilization worth the outlay. These conditions are completely
realized by the mode of treatment herein described in an apparatus which is both
simple, cheap and quick in its action and in which a cheap but powerful solvent is
employed.
This solvent consists of a mixture of turpentine, soap and bleaching fluid in
varying proportions according to the nature of the paper to be treated, the
composition of the original pulp, whether of rags, straw, wood &, the nature of
the printing ink or the variety of kinds of printed papers, which usually contain
more or less varnish.
If the paper to be bleached is printed in strong ink, the proportion of spirits of
turpentine should be increased, while if on the contrary it is printed in pale ink,
the proportions of bleaching liquid and soapsuds should be increased.
In the generalty of cases the following proportions give good results.
Spirits of turpentine
Bleaching liquid
Soapsuds
-
2 parts
-
9
"
-
9
"
The printed paper and manuscript paper may either be treated separately or
together, and in certain cases if it is desired to treat manuscript paper only, for the
purpose of obtaining a pulp of superior quality, the greasy marks of the hands are
first removed by means of spirits of turpentine, after which it is treated with
bleaching liquor and soapsuds. There may also be employed for the same purpose
in connection with the machine before described, a bath composed of hot or cold
water, and soap, to which may be added a quantity (more or less) of liquid
ammonia and American potash or their equivalent.
The machine before described may be modified as shown in sectional elevation in
Figure 5, in which the same letters of reference indicate the same parts as in the
previous figures: The improvement consists in fixing a grating or wire cover j
over the discharge orifice k, which is placed at one end of the drum, so as to allow
of none but clear liquid passing out and also prevent the choking of the outlet.
The grating k is prevented from becoming clogged by the pulp or other matters, by
pressing against a brush extending its whole length and fixed upon a rod m, one
end of which is supported in the hollow inlet pipe hat which the bleaching liquid
is introduced, the other end being fitted centrally in the grating j. In figure 6,
the rod m is dispensed with and the inlet and outlet for the liquid is at the same
end of the drum; for this purpose the inlet pipe his carried through the back n of
the brusb, and is wholly enclosed thereby so as to be protected from injury by the
pebbles and balls striking against it. The liquid after passing through the grating.j
is received in a kind of chamber o bolted or otherwise attached to the drum and
escapes through the openings p in said chamber.
I reserve the right of applying the improvements either together or separately
that is to say of employing the solvent with any other description of apparatus or
of employing any other solvent in connection with the improved apparatus.

page_text: Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim is
1 The herein described process of bleaching waste printed or manuscript paper,
in which a special bleaching agent is employed in connection with apparatus
consisting essentially of a revolving drum, häving projecting studs or bosses on its
interior, and containing a number of flat pebbles and balls, as and for the purpose
specified..
"1
I
2nd The apparatus shown in figures 5 and 6, provided with a wire grating, j and
stationary brush 7 in contact therewith, substantially as described. for the purpose
specified.