IMPROVEMENTS IN KILNS FOR BURNING BRICKS, POTTERY, AND SIMILAR ARTICLES
Year: 1884

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
I WALTER LIMA JOEL ELLIS of 30 Bedford Row in the County of Middlesex
Gentleman do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for IMPROVEMENTS
IN KILNS FOR BURNING BRICKS, POTTERY, AND SIMILAR ARTICLES, to be as
follows:-
:
This Invention has for its object the construction of kilns in such a manner that
the products of combustion can be utilized for operating on materials or substances
requiring different degrees of heat.
For this purpose is constructed a kiln having a division wall which divides the
interior of the kiln into two compartments closed at the top. Between the outer
wall and the division wall are spaces in order to allow the products of combustion
to circulate through both sides of the kiln.
There may be any number of fire places and they extend into the compartments
nearly to the division wall. There are doors communicating with the fire places
fitted with the usual valves dampers or other apparatus required for regulating the
heat of the fires.
Between these fireplaces is the floor of the kiln upon which are placed the
substances to be burnt. There is also constructed a moveable platform placed on
the floor of the kiln (behind the doors for inserting and removing the said
substances) for facilitating the removal or insertion of the same.
The outer wall is provided with cavities or hollow spaces filled with non-
conducting material.
When it is required to burn simultaneously certain goods longer or by different
degrees of temperature a portion of the kiln is divided into one or more special
compartments as the case may require by means of iron plates placed on either side
of the opening or doors.
These plates are of an especial pattern so that they may be put in and out of
position at option.

page_text: By means of these plates two or more fire places can be enclosed so as to make
them independent of the other parts of the kiln thus allowing them to be heated up
to the temperature required without interfering with the temperature of the rest of
the kiln,
• In case circumstances make it necessary to have the kilns divided into such
special compartments as above referred to for a considerable length of time or
permanently, the said iron plates may be superseded by brick walls.
In the vaults over the fire places and compartments are openings acting as
ventilating shafts when so required to let the radiant heat pass into the drying
room above the kiln. They may also be used for the introduction of substances to
be burnt after they have been dried in the drying room aforesaid.
The works may be lighted if required by fixing vertical retorts in the openings
or ventilating shafts above referred to in the vaults over the fire places with
petroleum, tar or other matter containing hydrogen in large quantities and illumi-
nating gas is produced without interfering with the working of the kiln since the
said openings may be used as ventilating shafts or inlets for the substances or goods
to be burnt' successively in relation to the order in which the fires are made and
kept up.
The outlets of the compartments above referred to are connected by a flue
running crosswise to them. The object of these connecting flues is to permit the
products of combustion to leave one compartment and to enter another across the
kiln.
When the articles in one compartment are sufficiently baked and there is no
further use for the said compartments the radiating or remaining heat is caused to
pass by means of flues and dampers into another compartment which is filled with
such articles that only require a moderate amount of heat.
The products of combustion are carried through tubes and flues as above
described for the purpose of directing the heat into any compartment that may be
required thereby preventing the waste which has been hitherto experienced when
articles requiring different degrees of heat were required to be burnt at the same
time.
MAAL

page_text: "
I WALTER LIMA JOEL ELLIS of Bedford Row in the County of Middlesex
Gentleman do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN KILNS FOR BURNING BRICKS POTTERY AND SIMILAR ARTICLES and in what
manner the same is to be performed (being a Communication to me from abroad
by Francis Raffinetti of New York City State of New York United States) to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement :—.
The object of this Invention is to construct a kiln in such a manner that the
products of combustion can be utilized for the different degrees of work requiring
different degrees of heat.
Referring to the Drawings Fig: 1 is a side view; Fig: 2 is a sectional plan taken
on line ; Fig: 3 is a sectional view on line xx Fig: 2; Fig: 4. is a sectional
view on line y y Fig: 3; Fig: 5 is a sectional view on line 1, 2, Fig: 3; Fig: 6 is
a sectional view on line 4, 6 Fig: 3; Fig: 7 is a sectional view on line 2, 6
Fig: 2.
A represents the outer wall of the kiln B is a division wall which divides the
interior of the kiln into two compartments CD which are closed at the top aš
shewn in Fig: 4.
dd are spaces between the outer walls A and the division wall B in order to
allow the products of combustion to circulate through both sides of the kiln.
'
GG are fire places wherein the fires to heat the kiln are placed.-There may be
any required number of them.-They extend into the compartments nearly to the
division wall. g g are doors communicating with the fire-places fitted with valves
dampers and other apparatus required for regulating the force of the fires. Under
each fire place there is an ash pit.-Between these fire places is the floor of the
kiln upon which are placed the substances to be burned.-H H are doors for
inserting and removing the said substances.
I is a movable platform placed on the floor of the kiln just behind the doors H.-
The object of this platform is to facilitate the removal or introduction of the.
materials.
The outer wall A is provided with cavities or hollow spaces J which are filled
with nonconducting material.
The products of combustion after leaving the fire places and circulating throughout
the ovens or compartments pass through openings into a conduit L built in the
division wall B. From this conduit the products of combustion pass into a
horizontal flue O formed in the division wall and running lengthwise of the
same.
The number of the openings & will depend on the size of the kiln.
After the products of combustion have circulated through the flue O they are
allowed to pass into another flue P through the pipe Q also formed in the division
wall B underneath the flue O and running parallel with it. From this flue P the
products of combustion pass out into the chimney.
The pipes are provided with valves or dampers in order to govern or regulate
the amount of heat that is to escape from the flue O and consequently from the
ovens or compartments.
When it is required to burn simultaneously certain goods longer or by different
degrees of temperature a portion of the kiln is divided into one or more special
compartments as the case may require by means of iron plates R placed on either
side of the openings or doors HH (see Fig: 2) These plates are of a special
pattern so that they can be put in and out of position as desired.-By means of
these plates two or more fireplaces can be inclosed so as to make them independent

page_text: of the other parts of the kiln allowing them to be heated up to the temperature
required without interfering with the temperature of the rest of the kiln.
In case the circumstances make it necessary to have the kiln divided into such
special compartments (as are pointed out above) for a considerable length of time
or permanently for considerations of economy or otherwise brick walls can be!
substituted for the iron plates referred to above in order to obtain the same
results.
In the vaults over the fire places and compartments are openings S acting as
ventilating shafts when so required in order to let the radiant heat pass into the
drying room Timmediately above the kiln. They are also used for the introduction
of the goods or substances that are to be burned after they have been dried in the
-aforesaid drying room.
The works can be lighted if required by fixing vertical retorts in the openings or
, ventilating shafts S referred to above in the vaults over the fire places or com-
partments and with Petroleum tar or other matter containing hydrogen in great
quantities and illuminating gas is produced without intefering with the workings
of the kiln since the said openings S are used as ventilating shafts or inlets for the
substances or goods to be burned successively in relation to the order in which the
fires are made and kept up. Any suitable contrivance can be applied for testing
the temperature of the oven and in this instance it may be found that pyroscopes
fixed to the doors of the fire places answer the purpose the best.
The outlets S of the compartments CD are connected by a flue a running
crosswise as shown in Fig 5. The object of these connecting flues is to permit the
products of combustion to leave one compartment and enter the other across the
kiln. When the articles in compartment D are sufficiently baked and there is no
further use for the said compartment the dampers Z in the flues x are opened, the
opening S is closed, and the radiating or remaining heat in compartment D is
allowed to pass out into the compartment C, which is being filled with such articles
as only require a moderate degree of heat.
The dampers can be worked in any manner that may be found desirable.
When a fire is kindled in any compartment the smoke passes out at R through
.the flues O P into the chimney. When there is no smoke but heat the flue L is
closed by a damper and the heat allowed to pass into the flue where it can be
sent into the compartments through the flues or into the drying room T through
At each point of connection with the flue x there is a damper which prevents
the heat from going out into the drying room T or into the flue S but straight
along the said tube, where it can be directed into any compartment through the
flues or into the drying room through the opening . The object of carrying the
products of combustion through these tubes or flues is to utilize the heat for
different compartments without deterioration, as it has been found that different
degrees of heat have to be used for different articles.
The flues may be made of any size and the damper can be worked in the manner
preferred in the particular case.
Over the ovens or compartments is raised a covered room T which is intended
for a drying room receiving the heat for that purpose from the kiln below as pointed
out above.
The kiln is surrounded with guards U, U, standing some distance from the outer
walls of the kiln so as to leave a passage. The object of these guards is to shelter
the fireman and others employed in the works and also to protect the kiln from the
effects of atmospheric air and dampness. Above these guards and passages are
built two or more rooms V in which can be arranged such machinery as is required
generally for the manufacture of clay and earthenware goods.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said
Invention and in what manner the same is to be performed (communicated to me
from abroad as aforesaid) I declare that what I claim is-
First: The construction of a heating and baking kiln with the outer wall A
provided with the upright cavities J and with the interior or middle wall B
-I

page_text: forming the housing or frame of the kiln the two being separated from each other
by the flues d. d. substantially as and for the purpose described.
Secondly: The guards U. U. in combination with the wall A for the purpose of
protecting the workmen and interrupting the severe drafts of air substantially as
described.
Thirdly: The connecting flues x. x in combination with openings S. S. and
wall B substantially as and for the purpose described.
Fourthly: The flue e. in combination with flue k. and flue and wall B
substantially as and for the purpose described.
And lastly: The kiln having the exterior wall A provided with the guards U. U.
and openings H. g the interior wall B having the tubes OP and the tire places G. G.
the movable frames or platforms I the division plates R the proper dome the drying
and machinery rooms arranged above the heating parts and connected therewith by
means of the tubes S. S. as shown and described.
Dated this seventh day of November One thousand eight hundred and eighty