AN IMPROVED MACHINE FOR MANUFACTURING NUTS FOR SCREW BOLTS
Year: 1872

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Frederick Walton and John Jones, both of
Staines, in the County of Middlesex, for the Invention of "AN
IMPROVED MACHINE FOR MANUFACTURING NUTS FOR SCREW BOLTS."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Frederick Walton and
John Jones at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 27th May 1872.
We, FREDERICK WALTON and JOHN JONES, both of Staines, in the
County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "AN IMPROVED MACHINE FOR MANUFACTURING NUTS FOR SCREW BOLTS," to
be as follows:-
Our said Invention relates to a novel machine for forging nuts for
screw bolts, which machine cuts the blanks from the bar of iron, shapes
them, punches their holes, and delivers them ready for tapping.

page_text: The said machine is constructed as follows:-It has a strong frame
of cast iron, or other suitable material, constructed to carry properly all
the operative parts of the machine, and which is designed to be placed
with its lower part below the floor or surface whereon the machine is
erected. At the upper part of this frame we place a pair of shearing
or cutting blades, one of which is made fast to the frame, while the
other is attached to a bar fitted to slide vertically in suitable guides in
the centre of the said frame. The said sliding bar is operated through
a connecting rod and lever by a cam fixed on a strong shaft supported
in bearings attached to the lower part of the frame. The said cam is
formed to close the shears twice, and thereby cut off two blanks in each
revolution of the cam shaft. At the back of the fixed shear is a strong
flange, which forms a stop to regulate the insertion of the bar from
which the blanks are cut, and also serves as a stay for the movable
shear to prevent its being forced away from the fixed shear in cutting
off the blanks. At one side of the shears the frame has a vertical
passage or shoot, and a pusher bar is arranged to push each blank as it
is cut off into this shoot, which conducts the blanks to a table placed
below the said shears. Over this table we arrange a set of hammers,
by whose action the sides of the nut are properly shaped.
These
hammers are provided with dies of suitable form to give the required
shape to the sides of the nut, and move in and out simultaneously over
the table in paths converging to the centre of the same. For making
square nuts we use four hammers, but for making hexagonal nuts we
may use either four or six hammers according to the shape of the dies.
The nut blanks as they fall down the aforesaid shoot are deposited upon
the table a slight distance from the centre of the said table, and a pusher
is arranged over the same to move the said blanks to the centre of the
table as the hammers are drawn back, the said hammers then striking
simultaneously all sides of the nut. The said hammers have strong
bars fitted to slide horizontally in guides attached to the frame, and are
moved to and fro by vertical levers which have their fulcrums in cross
ribs, forming part of the said frame. At their upper ends these levers
are connected to the said slide bars by short links, and their lower ends
are connected by strong rods to a tube or sleeve, which is fitted to slide
vertically upon a tubular guide bar fixed in the centre of the machine
below the table. The said sleeve is moved by a cam up and down upon
the said guide bar to an equal distance on each side of a line drawn
perpendicularly from the said bar to the point where the rod is jointed

page_text: to each of the vertical levers, and as the sleeve is moved up and down
upon the bar it imparts a vibratory movement to the levers, and through
them moves the aforesaid hammers in and out twice in one revolution
of the cam. The vertically sliding sleeve is provided with two rollers
for the cam to act upon, the said rollers being arranged one above and
the other below the cam. And in order that the lower roller may not
be carried too far in the downward movement of the sleeve, we provide
the cam with an outer rim or flange to form a stop upon which the
said roller rests during a part of each revolution of the said cam. The
aforesaid central guide bar extends from the bottom of the machine
to the under side of the table which rests on the upper end of the said
bar. The punch and flattener operate above the said table, the punch
is attached to a bar that slides within a hollow bar which carries the
flattener, and the said punch descends through the flattener to the
blank. The punch and flattener are operated by one of the cams on the
main shaft through the agency of suitable rods and levers, and in
common with the shears and hammers they operate twice in each
revolution of the said shaft. The punch and flattener are so arranged
and operated that the punch descends through the blank while the
flattener is down upon the same, and is withdrawn before the said
flattener is raised. The bar or tube of the flattener is fitted to slide in
a socket arranged centrally over the table and supported upon four
strong arched pieces or open brackets. These brackets support the
said socket without concealing the table or the forging and punching
mechanism, and therefore these parts are freely open to inspection while
in operation. Under the table and inside the aforesaid hollow guide
bar we fit an adjustable rest or supporting piece upon which the nut
lies while being punched. A bush is fixed in the centre of the table
just large enough to admit the blanks. The said rest is also made of
the proper size to fit and slide within this bush. The said rest is
carried on the upper end of a tubular guide rod whose lower end during
the operation of punching the blanks rests on a steel plate firmly
fixed within the central guide bar. The said rod has an extension formed
of a wrought-iron tube, which projects downward through the said steel
plate, and is surrounded by a strong spiral spring that rests against a
shoulder fixed in the central guide bar, and bears against a collar on
the said tube. This spring tends always to raise the guide rod and
rest, but during the operation of punching it yields to the downward
pressure till the said rod comes upon the steel plate, which affords a solid

page_text: resistance to the action of the punch. Then the flattener rises, and
the said spring raises the rest, which lifts the nut to the surface of
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Frederick Walton and John Jones in the Great
Seal Patent Office on the 27th November 1872.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, FREDERICK
WALTON and JOHN JONES, both of Staines, in the County of Middlesex,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-seventh day of May, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-two, in the thirty-
fifth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give
and grant unto us, the said Frederick Walton and John Jones, Her
special licence that we, the said Frederick Walton and John Jones, our
executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as we, the said
Frederick Walton and John Jones, our executors, administrators, and
assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to
time and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed,
should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands,
and Isle of Man, an Invention for "AN IMPROVED MACHINE FOR MANU-
FACTURING NUTS FOR SCREW BOLTS," upon the condition (amongst others)
that we, the said Frederick Walton and John Jones, our executors or
administrators, by an instrument in writing under our or their hands
and seals, or under the hand and seal of one of us or them, should
particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and
in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to
be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months
next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said John Jones, on behalf of myself,
and the said Frederick Walton, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, to
be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following state-

page_text: ment, reference being had to the accompanying Drawing forming a
part of this Specification.
Our said Invention relates to a novel machine for forging nuts for
screw bolts, which machine cuts the blanks from the bar of iron, shapes
them, punches their holes, and delivers them ready for tapping.
The form and arrangement of the parts of the said machine may be
somewhat varied so long as their efficiency with regard to the specific
purposes for which they are designed is not impaired, but we prefer to
construct the said machine as shewn in the accompanying Drawings, in
which Figure 1 is a plan or top view of our machine; Figure 2 is a
front elevation of the said machine; Figure 3 is a side elevation of the
same; Figure 4 is a horizontal section on the line x, x, Figure 2;
Figure 5 is a horizontal section on the line y, y, Figure 2; Figure 6
is a horizontal section on the line z, z, Figure 2; Figure 7 is a vertical
section on the line z', z¹, Figure 1; Figure 8 is a vertical section on the
line,, Figure 1. Like letters indicate the same parts throughout
the Drawing.
The said
The said machine has a strong frame A of cast iron or other suitable
material, constructed to carry properly all its operative parts. A
table A¹ is cast on or attached to the said frame at a convenient height
from the ground or floor. On this table is fixed a shearing or cutting
blade B. A second shearing or cutting blade B¹ is attached to a bar C
fitted to slide vertically in suitable guides in the centre of the said
frame. The said sliding bar is operated by a cam C¹ supported in
bearings placed on and forming part of the aforesaid frame.
cam is formed to make the shear B¹ descend twice at each revolution
of the cam shaft, and thereby cut off two blanks. At the back of the
said shear B¹ is a strong flange D which forms a stop to regulate the
insertion of the bar from which the blanks are cut and also serves as a
stay for the moveable shear B¹ to prevent its being forced away from
the fixed shear in cutting off the blanks. A pusher bar E is arranged
on the table A¹ to push each blank as it is cut from the bar to the mould
or space between the hammers. In the bed of the table A¹ we arrange
a set of hammers G by whose action the sides of the nut are properly
shaped. These hammers are provided with dies of suitable form to give
the required shape to the sides of the nut, and move in and out simul-
taneously over the table in paths converging to the centre of the same.
For making square nuts we use four hammers. For making hexagonal

page_text: nuts we may use either four or six hammers according to the shape of
the dies. The said hammers have strong bars G¹ fitted to slide hori-
zontally in guides in the frame of the machine, and the said bars are
moved to and fro by vertical levers H which have their fulcrums in
cross ribs forming part of the said frame. At their upper ends these
levers are connected to the said slide bars by short links I, and their
lower ends are connected by strong rods K to a guide piece K' which is
fitted to slide vertically upon a hollow guide bar L fixed in the centre of
the machine below the table A¹, as clearly shewn in Figure 8. The said
piece K¹ is moved up and down upon the said guide bar L by a cam N on
the cam wheel M and imparts a vibratory movement to the levers H
and through them moves the aforesaid hammers simultaneously in and
out twice in one vevolution of the cam. The guide piece K' is con-
nected to the rod K* which is provided with two rollers N¹ for the cam
to act upon, the said rollers being arranged one above and one below the
cam. In order that the lower roller may not be carried too far in the
downward movement of the sleeve K¹ we provide the cam with an outer
rim or flange to form a stop upon which the said roller rests during a
part of each revolution of the said cam. The aforesaid central guide
bar L extends as shewn from the bottom of the machine to the under
side of the table A¹ which rests on the upper end of the said bar.
The punch O and flattener P operate above the said table A', the punch
O is attached to a bar which carries the flattener P, and the said
punch O descends through the flattener to the blank. The punch is
operated by the cam O¹ and the flattener by the cam C₁ on the cam
wheel M through the agency of the rod O' and bar C, and in common
with the shears and hammers they operate twice in each revolution of
the main shaft M. The punch O and flattener P are so arranged and
operated that the punch O descends through the blank while the
flattener P is down upon the same, and is withdrawn before the said
flattener is raised. The bar or rod C of the flattener P is fitted to slide
in a socket arranged centrally over the table A¹ and supported upon
two strong open brackets Q. These brackets support the said socket
without concealing the table A¹ or the forging and punching mechanism,
and therefore these parts are freely open to inspection while in opera-
tion. Under the table A¹ and inside the aforesaid hollow guide bar L
we fit an adjustable rest or supporting piece R upon which the blank
or nut lies while being punched. A hole R' is made in the centre of
the table A' just large enough to admit the blanks. The said rest R

page_text: is also made of the proper size to fit and slide vertically within the
said hole R. The rest R is carried on the upper end of a tubular guide
rod S whose lower end during the operation of punching the blanks rests
on a steel plate S° firmly fixed within the central guide bar L. The
said guide rod S has an extension consisting of a wrought-iron tube S',
which extends downward through the said steel plate and through the
central guide bar L and base plate T to any suitable distance below.
Two arms T are suspended from the base plate T for the purpose of
carrying an adjustable cross head U; a collar V is fixed on the said
tube S¹ to act as a bearing for a spring W placed between the said
collar V and cross head U. This spring W tends always to raise the
guide rod S and rest R, but during the operation of punching it yields
to the downward pressure till the guide rod S rests upon the steel
plate S which affords a solid resistance to the action of the punch.
Then as the flattener P rises the spring W raises the rest R which lifts
the nut to the surface of the table, whence it is removed by a pusher
into any suitable receptacle.
If desired instead of having the parts of the machine arranged as
above described and as shown in the Drawing I may have the cam
shaft and cams placed in a pit below the foundation or bed of the
machine. This arrangement of the cams would necessitate slight modi-
fications in the contrivances for communicating the required movements
to the mechanism above described, but would not materially change
the construction of the machine or render it less valuable or efficient for
its purpose.
Having thus fully described the said Invention, and the manner of
performing the same, we wish it understood that we claim,―
First. In a machine for forging metallic nuts the set of hammers
constructed as specified, and so arranged and operated that they all act
simultaneously upon a blank placed centrally between them, as herein
set forth.
Second. The mechanism for operating the said hammers consisting of
the vertical levers connected to the hammer bars and to the tubular
guide bar, as herein set forth.
Third. In combination with the set of hammers arranged and
operating as specified in the centre of the machine, the punch and
flattener and the adjustable rest or supporting piece constructed and
operating as herein set forth.

page_text: Fourth. A machine for manufacturing metal nuts with a set of
hammers which act simultaneously upon a blank placed between them,
arranged in combination with the shearing, punching, flattening, and
supporting mechanism, and with the cams and other contrivances for
giving the required movements to the different parts of the said
mechanism, as herein set forth.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Jones, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Twenty-fifth day of November, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-two.
Witness,
W. ROBT. LAKE.
JOHN JONES (L.S.)