IMPROVEMENTS IN MOULDING METAL ARTICLES
Year: 1869

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Michael Henry, of 68, Fleet Street, in the City
of London, Patent Agent, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MOULDING METAL ARTICLES."-A communication from abroad by
Maximilien Joseph Magniant and Antoine Eugeno Journault, both
of 17, Boulevart Saint Martin, Paris, France.
Sealed the 13th July 1869, and dated the 16th January 1869.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Michael Henry at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
10th January 1869.
I, MICHADL HENRY, of 68, Fleet Street, in the City of London, Patent
Agent, do hereby declaro the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE
MENTS IN MOULDING METAL ARTICLES," communicated to me from abroad
by Maximilien Joseph Magniant and Antoine Eugene Journault, both
of 17, Boulevart Saint Martin, Paris, Franco, to be as follows:-
Hitherto in moulding metals the balancing of the cores has required
great delicacy, and the casting comes out with seams, excrescences,
and defects, which have to be removed or remedied afterwards by
hand, and it has been found extremely difficult to produce smooth
castings.

page_text: According to this Invention a mould, countermould, or cast (pre-
ferably in plaster) of the article to be moulded is first taken from the
pattern, and the sand or other moulding substance is pressed into it to
form a core. The thickness of the required casting is taken off from
the outer surface of this core. Another plaster countermould or cast
is taken from this core and filled with sand or like moulding agent, so
that a second core is obtained, and so on, and thus any desired number
of cores may be obtained. The cores are used for the holes or hollows
of the article, but they are combined with the employment of a plastor
or such like mould for the outer part thereof. For this purpose the
first mould or countermould produced, as above described, is used, and
thus a complete mould is obtained, in which the spaces between the
cores and outer mould correspond with the thickness of the casting.
Into this complete mould is run a plastic composition, that preferred
being rosin and stearine, say + rosin to stearine, but other proportions
and indeed other ingredients may be used; for instance, other resinous
substances may be substituted for the rosin, and gelatine, gutta percha,
wax, or like materials for the stearine. When the composition has cooled
the outer mould is removed and the cores are left covered with the dry
plastic material, which thus presents an exact representation of the
intended casting, and shows the defects of the moulding, if any, so that
they may be corrected before casting, and the mould thus formed will
receive the moulding sand without requiring the use of joints or
fastenings (which produce roughnesses and seams in casting in the
ordinary process). The pattern thus obtained receives the moulding
sand or moulding material, and the plastic composition is removed by
warming the mould till the composition melts and runs out through
ingates or air holes. A perfect mould is thus obtained, in which the
molten metal is run, and the cast article will be produced without
roughnessos, asperities, or defects.

page_text: WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing dato the Sixteenth day of January, in the year of
our Lord One thousand cight hundred and sixty-nine, in the thirty-
second year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said Michael Henry, Her special licenco that
I, the said Michael Henry, my executors, administrators, and assigns,
or such others as I, the said Michael Henry, my executors, adminis-
trators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others,
from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein
expressed, should and lawfully might make, uso, excrcise, and vend,
within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MOULDING
METAL ARTICLES," communicated to me from abroad by Maximilien Joseph
Magniant and Antoine Journault, both of 17, Boulovart Saint Martin,
Paris, France, upon the condition (amongst others) that I, tho said
Michael Henry, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in
writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and scals, should
particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and
in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to
bo filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months 'next
and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, tho said Michael Henry, do horeby declare
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to bo
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by tho
following statement thereof, as communicated to me, that is to say:-
Hitherto in the ordinary mode of moulding metal articles 'the
balancing of the cores is effected with great difficulty and has requirod
great delicacy of workmanship, and the casting comes out with scams,
ridges, excrescences, and defects, which have to be removed or remediod
afterwards by hand, and it has been found extremely difficult to produce
smooth and regular thin castings. The object of this Invention is to
remedy these evils.
' According to this Invention a mould, countermould, or cast of tho
article to be moulded is first taken from the pattern, and sand or other
ordinary moulding substance is pressed into the mould to form a coro.
The thickness which the intended casting is to have is determined or
regulated by taking off a sufficiant quantity of material to correspond
with such thickness from the outer surface of the core. Another
"

page_text: mould, countermould, or cast is taken from this core and filled with
sand or like moulding agent, so that a second core is obtained, and so
on, and thus any desired number of similar cores may be obtained. The
cores are used to form the holes or hollows of the article, but they are
combined with the employment of a plaster or such like mould or shell
to form the outer part thereof. For this purpose the first mould or
countermould, together with a core, both produced as above described,
is used, and thus a complete mould is obtained in which the spaces,
between the core and countermould correspond with the intended
thickness of motal of the casting. Into this mould is run a plastic
composition, that preferred being rosin and stearine, say th rosin to
3th stearine, but other proportions and indeed other ingredients may
be used, as afterwards explained; for instance, other resinous substances
may be substituted for the rosin, and gelatine, gutta percha, wax, or like
materials for the stearine. When this plastic composition has cooled
and set the outer mould is removed and the cores are left covered with
the dry plastic material, which thus presents an exact pattern or
representation of the intended casting, and shows the defects of the
moulding, if any, so that they may he corrected before casting, and
the mould thus formed is covered with the maulding sand without
requiring the use of joints or fastenings, which produce ridges and
seams, and which are used when casting by the ordinary process.
The pattern having thus been obtained and covered with the moulding
sand or moulding material, the said pattern, that is to say, the plastic
composition which formed the pattern, is removed by warming the mould
fill the composition melts and runs out through ingates, vents, or air
holes. A perfect mould is thus obtained, into which the molten metal
is run, and a cast article will be produced without roughnesses, ridges,

page_text: second plaster mould is now made from the core, and this mould is
filled with green sand well pressed in to form a second core exactly lika
the other. By repeating this stage of the process any number of
similar çores are obtained, Each core which of course represents, or
corresponds with the holes or hollows or internal shape of the article
to be cast is used in combination with the plaster cast or shell which
represents the external shapo. A mould is thus produced consisting of
the core and shell with a small space between them to receive molten
or liquefied material, such space representing the required thickness
of the intended casting. A plastic compound is prepared beforehand,.
consisting of th part rosin and th part stearine; this is heated till it
is liquefied and run hot into the mould, that is to say, into the space
between the outer mould or between the shell and the core. The plastic.
compound is allowed to cool and set, and the outer plaster mould or
shall is removed, leaving the core covered with the dry hard plastic com-
pound which forms a pattern of the intended casting. If this pattern
should on inspection appear to be imperfect, defective, or mis-shapen.
the faults can be remedied and the pattern made accurate by ordinary
cutting or paring tools used for cutting or paring such (set) plastic
materials, and in case of need the moulds and cores, are rectified in the
usual anner. The pattern is then covered with moulders', sand to
form a mould, and in this method it is not necessary to uso joints or
fastenings (as in the ordinary mode of moulding, and by. which ordinary
mode seams and ridges are produced in the casting). When the pattern.
is covered with the sand the mould is heated till the plastic material
of which the said pattern is composed becomes melted or dissolved, and
the liquefied material escapes through ingates or vents left for tho
purpose at the bottom of the mould. When all the plastic material has
run out of the mould the mould is suitable for use for casting. It
consists of course of a shell or outer mould and of a core, and the molten
or fused metal can then he run in to produce the casting. The casting
thus obtained comes out from the mould without scams, ridges, or
psperities, and of the desired thinness of substanco, and it does not
require any touching up by hand or otherwise afterwards.
I may mention that the process though applicable to moulding metal
articles generally when cores are used is especially advantageous whon
applied to moulding for the casting of works of art or delicate articles.
Any number of plaster moulds may be made on the same pattern' and

page_text: used again and again until quite worn out, new cores being of course
required for each article moulded.
Although I believe the proportions and ingredients above-named are
best suited in practice for the purpose of forming the plastic moulding
material above mentioned, I do not restrict myself to them, as other
resins or resinous matters may be substituted for the rosin; also gelatino,
gutta percha, wax, or equivalent or like material may be substituted
for the stearine, but the ingredients used must always be capable of
being combined, and when combined of forming a plastic material which
will melt or dissolve and become fluid under heat, and set or harden
when cool; also other ordinary plastic moulding material may be sub-
stituted for plaster, and other ordinary moulding material used for
making cores may be substituted for the green sand or moulders' sand.
Having now described the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same may be performed, I declare that I claim,―
First. The method or process of moulding herein-before described.
Second. The employment in moulding metal articles of a plastic
compound of resin with stearine, gelatine, wax, or gutta percha, or
equivalent substance, in the manner and for the purpose herein-before
described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Michael Henry, havo hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Sixteenth day of July, One thousand
cight hundred and sixty-nine.
Witness,
E. DE PASS,
68, Fleet Street,
London, E.C.
M. HENRY. (L.S.)