IM- PROVEMENTS IN STUDS FOR FASTENING SLEEVES AND SHIRT FRONTS, AND WHICH MAY BE USED FOR OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Muirhead at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 27th May 1878.
JAMES MUIRHEAD, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North Britain.
"IM-
PROVEMENTS IN STUDS FOR FASTENING SLEEVES AND SHIRT FRONTS, AND WHICH
MAY BE USED FOR OTHER PURPOSES."
This Invention, which relates to certain improvements in studs for fastening
sleeves and shirt fronts, and which may be used for other analogous purposes, is in
part a development of the second modification or construction of such studs described
in the Specification of the said James Muirhead, filed in pursuance of a certain
proviso in Letters Patent, No. 2869, A.D. 1875, in part an improvement in that
construction of such studs wherein a square, flat-sided, or polygonal stem, in con-
junction with a spring or springs is used to hold the moveable member of such
stud in one of two positions, and in part also an improvement in that class of studs
wherein the head and fastening portions are separate from one another.
Under the first modification of the present improvements the head of the stud is
formed hollow so as to contain a ratchet or its equivalent, and a spring or springs
which enter the spaces between the ratchet teeth or equivalent recesses, and by
which the moveable and retaining parts of the stud are held either in such position
(that is to say, at right angles to each other), so as to remain in the parts to be
fastened together, or in that other position (that is to say, parallel with one
another), so as to be removable from the parts so fastened.
Under a second modification the head of the stud is also made hollow so as to
contain either one or more spring arms, fastened to the stud at the centre end,
formed with a projection or projections at the under side of the extremity or
extremities thereof. The projection is, or the projections are, by the action of the
spring arm or arms, depressed into recesses formed in a plate attached to the upper
side of the moveable member of the stud, and retains or retain this member in
whatever position it may be turned; or the moveable parts may be made to inter-
lock at the centre when forced downwards or outwards by a spring.
The third modification of the present improvements relate to that class of studs
wherein the retaining portion and the head are separable, such studs, for example,
as those known as West's, also as Dowler and Smith's Patent studs (No. 3580 of

page_text: 1873, No. 359 of 1874, and No. 2688 of 1874); and this part of the improvements
consists in the use of one or more springs acting on a square, or partially square, or
flat-sided portion of the stem or holder, which when a sufficient turn is given to the
stud head, or to the lower part, brings the retaining portions of the stud together
and holds them in that position, the parts being rendered separable when required
by turning them backwards.
In the improved studs herein-before described the moveable portion may consist
of two or three vertical bars or wires united together by a cross piece in order to
produce a lighter construction of the moveable portion.