An Improved Method of and Apparatus for scouring, Dyeing, and Drying, Wool, Cotton, or other Fibrous Substances.
Year: 1888

page_text: wasning,
An Improved Method of and Apparatus for scouring,
Dyeing, and Drying, Wool, Cotton, or other Fibrous Substances.
We, ROBERT COOPER, HERBERT FITZROY CLAYTON, and GEORGE HOLDEN HOLDROYD,
all of Lockwood, Huddersfield in the County of York, Drysalters, do hereby declaro
the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
Our invention relates to an improved method of dyeing, washing, or drying wool,
or others fibrous materials, and in the apparatus employed for that purpose, whereby
the dye-liquor is forced through the material to be operated upon, or in drying
similar substances a stream of hot air is forced through them by means of a
perforated pipe, upon which the fibrous material is wound or coiled, such perforated
pipe being connected with a blower, fan, or air-pump.
To carry out our invention we employ a dyeing cistern, by preference of rectangular
form, and heated by means of a perforated steam pipe or jet in the usual manner.
The perforated pipes upon which the warps, yarn, slubbings, or other fibrous
materials are placed to undergo the process of dyeing, are supported at convenient
intervals across the dye-vat; and the end of the perforated pipe, at which the dye-
liquor is intended to enter, when the operation of dyeing is proceeding, fits into a
socket at the side of the dye vat, and is thereby connected with a supply pipe, which
conducts the dye-liquor from a centrifugal or other convenient form of pump. The
other end of the perforated pipe is closed.
A pipe from the bottom of the dye-vat conducts the dye-liquor back to the pump,
and when the pump is in operation a constant stream of dye-liquor is thereby
provided, and forced through the material placed upon the perforated pipe.
The perforated pipe can be lifted out of its position, and balls of sliver or other
material placed upon it, the balls being held in the required position by means of a
flange secured to one end of the pipe, and at the other end by means of a flange,
adjustable within a convenient distance of the end of the pipe, by means of a screw or
thread formed or fixed upon the pipo.

page_text: When the apparatus herein before referred to is required for the drying process, the
perforated pipe is connected with a hot air blower or force pump, whereby a stream
of hot air is forced through the material to be dried.
For washing, or scouring, the same form of apparatus is employed as in the dyeing
process, but in place of the dye-liquor, a suitable washing liquor is employed, and
forced through the material coiled upon the perforated pipe."
Dated this Seventh day of March 1888.
WILLIAM JAMES BAKER,
2, New Street, Huddersfield,
Agent for the Applicants.

page_text: An Improved Method of and Apparatus for Scouring, Washing,
Dyeing, and Drying Wool, Cotton, or other Fibrous Substances.
We, ROBERT COOPER, HERBERT FITZROY CLAYTON, and GEORGE HOLDEN HOLDROYD,
all of Lockwood, Huddersfield, in the County of York, Drysalters, do hereby declare
the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement
Our invention relates to a method or process of dyeing, washing, and drying wool
and various other fibrous substances and to the apparatus employed therefor, in which
by means of perforated tubes on which the fibrous material is wound or coiled the
dye liquor is forced through the material in order to dye it, and a stream of air is
forced through the material in order to dry it, such perforated tubes being connected
respectively with a centrifugal pump and a blower, fan, or air-pump.
We are aware that it has before been proposed to perform the washing, scouring
and dyeing operations by forcing the washing or dyeing liquor through perforated
tubes upon which the fibrous materials to be washed or dyed are coiled, but in these
cases the sliver or other form of fibrous material is also enclosed in an outer case the
liquor being forced through the material either from the insides or from the outside
and provision is made for the revolution of the tube and the material it holds during
the operation of dyeing and partial drying.
According to our invention we fix the perforated dyeing tubes in an ordinary open
vat, such as has been hitherto in general use for dyeing, and the material when
scoured and dyed on the tubes arranged in this vat is taken off the tubes and partly
dried in a
"whizzer or rotary hydro-extractor, and the drying operation is then
finished upon perforated tubes supplied with a current of heated or cold air from a
blower.
To carry out our invention we employ a dyeing vat or cistern, by preference of
rectangular form, and heated by means of a perforated steam pipe or jet in the usual
manner.
The perforated tubes upon which the warps, yarn, slubbings, or other fibrous
materials are placed to undergo the process of dyeing are supported at convenient
intervals across the dye vat and the ends of the perforated tubes through which the
dye liquor enters when the operation of dyeing is proceeding are formed with Sockets
fitting over conical nipples at the side of the dye vat and are thereby connected with a
supply pipe which conducts the dye liquor from a centrifugal or other convenient
form of pump.
The other ends of the perforated tubes are closed.
A pipe from the bottom of the dye vat conducts the dye liquor back to the pump
and when the pump is in operation a constant stream of dye liquor is in this manner
provided and forced through the material placed upon the perforated tubes.
The balls of sliver or other material being dyed are not at any stage of the operation

page_text: immersed in or covered by the liquor, as it is continuously drawn off and re-pumped
through the perforated tubes; the liquor is forced through the material from the
centre and only a few inches of liquor at the most can at any time accumulate in the
dye vat.
The perforated tubes can be readily lifted out of their position in the vat and the
balls of sliver or other material be placed upon them; when the balls are in position
thereon they are held together by means of two flanges one of which is fixed at one
end of the tube whilst the other flange placed near the other end of the tube can be
adjusted by means of a screw nut working upon a screw-thread formed upon the
tube.
When the apparatus herein before referred to is required for drying purposes the
perforated tube is connected with a blower or air pump whereby a stream of hot or
cold air is forced through the material to be dried.
For washing or scouring, a similar form of apparatus is employed as for dyeing,
but in place of dye liquor a suitable washing liquor is forced through the material
which is coiled upon the perforated tubes.
In order to enable our invention to be fully understood we will proceed to describe
how it can be carried into practice by reference to the accompanying drawings in
which
Figure 1 represents a side elevation of the dye vat with the centrifugal pump and
supply pipes.
Figure 2 represents a plan of the dye vat, centrifugal pump, supply pipes and
valves and the perforated tubes in position for scouring or dyeing,
Figure 3 represents an end elevation of the same with one end of the vat removed
for the purpose of showing the perforated tubes in position for scouring or dyeing.
Figure 4 represents a sectional elevation of a tube covered with slivers to be dried
and the arrangement of air supply valve and lever employed in holding the tube in
position.
Similar letters refer to similar parts in all the figures of the drawings.
A is an ordinary rectangular dyeing vat with a steam pipe H which is perforated
and provided with a stop valve and serves to conduct steam into the vat for beating
the dye liquor.
The dye liquor is supplied to the vai by means of the pipe G.
The perforated tubes upon which the sliver or other substance to be dyed is coiled,
are represented at J, with the fixed flanges K and the adjustable flanges K' which
hold the material in position in a sufficiently compact form.
,,, are the sockets formed on the ends of the perforated tubes J and fitting
upon conical nipples fixed to the side of the vat, and opening into the supply pipes B,
through which the dye liquor is pumped in a continuous stream. The sockets Jare
forced home upon the nipples, in order to form a water-tight joint, by means of the
set screws provided with hand-wheels I..
When the valve F is open and the valve E closed the pipes B conduct the liquor
direct from the centrifugal pump C to the perforated tubes J, but by closing the
valve F and opening the valve E which is connected with a water supply pipe D; a
stream of water can be turned on and forced through the tubes.
During the operation of dyeing the water supply is of course cut off by closing the
valve E. A sufficient quantity of dye liquor is run into the vat through the pipe G
which liquor is maintained at the required temperature by the steam supplied by the
steam pipe H.
The perforated pipes J carrying the material to be dyed are secured in position and
the valve is opened when the dye liquor will flow from the vat through the outlet
pipe M to the centrifugal pump C and is thereby forced through the pipes B and the
perforated tubes J until the material having been subjected to the continuous stream
of dye liquor for the required time is sufficiently dyed.
After the dyeing operation the balls of sliver or other material are taken off the
perforated tubes and placed in a
" whizzer " or revolving hydro-extractor which
removes a great part of the superfluous moisture.

page_text: "
(This whizzer or hydro-extractor may be of any suitable known construction
and is therefore not illustrated in the drawings).
To facilitate this and other parts of the operation we find it convenient to place each
ball of sliver upon a short perforated tube which can then be passed over a central
perforated tube O (figure 4) which is represented as holding four balls of sliver R.
The bottom end of the tube is provided with a cup-ended spindle V which presses
upon a ball valve U, thereby depressing a spiral spring T and allowing the current of
air conveyed along an air pipe S (shown in transverse section) to pass up through the
valve seating W and into the perforated tube O, out of which it passes and through
the material coiled round it.
The tube O is held in position by means of a hand lever P which has its fulcrum
at Q and is assisted in forcing down the tube and making an air-tight joint at the
elastic ring Y by means of a weight X, combined with the weight of the tube and
material, or permanently fixed perforated tubes connected with a blower may be
employed for the drying operation and each tube covered with the balls of sliver or
other fibrous material to be dried, is supplied with a stop valve for regulating the
current of air.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed we declare that what we
claim is
1. The method of dyeing sliver, warps, and other fibrous materials by placing them
in an open dye vat upon perforated pipes in the manner described, then separating
the material into balls or sections and partially drying the same in a whizzer or rotary
hydro-extractor, and subsequently finishing the drying process upon adjustable or fixed
perforated pipes in the manner and substantially as described.
2. In combination with an ordinary open rectangular dye vat the employment of
perforated tubes upon which the material to be dyed is coiled or placed and through
which perforated tubes the dye liquor or other liquor with which it is required to
permeate the material is repeatedly forced in a stream for the purpose and in the
manner described.
3. The combination with an ordinary open dye vat of perforated tubes for holding
the material to be dyed and conveying the dye liquor thereto, the general arrangement
of the supply pipes, steam pipe, liquor pipe, and the centrifugal pump, all substantially
as described and represented in the accompanying drawings.
4. In drying apparatus for use with fibrous materials, the combination with a
perforated tube or tubes of a valve consisting of a ball V and a seating W, the cup-
ended spindle V fixed to the end of the inner perforated pipe O, the lever P, and the
weight X, all substantially for the purpose and operating in the manner described and
represented in figure 4 of the accompanying drawings.
Dated the 24th day of May 1888.