matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN PROPELLING VESSELS,, AND IN. SCREW MECHANISM TO BE USED THEREFOR
Year: 1868

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Christopher Shaw, of the Wicker Iron Works,
Sheffield, in the County of York, Engineer, for the Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN PROPELLING VESSELS,, AND IN. SCREW MECHANISM TO BE
USED THEREFOR."
Scaled the 16th April 1869, and dated the 21st October 1868.
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
21st October 1868.
I, CHRISTOPHER SHAW, of the Wicker Iron Works, Sheffield, in the
County of York, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PROPELLING VESSELS, AND
MECHANISM TO BE USED THEREPOR," to be as follows:-
IN. SCREW
The object of the Invention is to avoid "slipping" and to obtain other
advantages. For this purpose the propeller which may be formed of one

page_text: or more threads is caused to revolve in a cylinder with open ends, and
the axis of which is in a line with the length of the vessel. The foro
end of this cylinder communicates forwards by a central channel to the
bow or sideways by separate channels with the sides of the vessel for
the passage of the water to the propeller.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SIZE USED IN PREPARING YARN OR: WARPS. TO BE WOVEN
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Brodbelt Green at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
14th November 1868.
I, JAMES BRODBELT GREEN, of Bury, in the County of Lancaster,.
Oil Refiner and Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of the said.
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN SIZE USED IN PREPARING YARN OR: WARPS.
TO BE WOVEN, to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in using talcum of that particular quality
known as fine French chalk mixed with the size as a substitute for. tallow
or soap. After the flour mixture is made in. the usual way for sizing
purposes it is conveyed into a cistern to: be boiled; when at boiling
point I gradually mix the talcum with. the size. I. have found that
about forty-six pounds weight of talcum to about two hundred and
eighty pounds of flour gives good results, but the proportions will have
to be varied to suit different qualities of cloth. After boiling the usual
time the mixture is ready for use; and is conveyed to the taping.

page_text: machine and used at boiling heat. By the use of this size the yarns or
warps work better in the weaving, and the cloth receives a finer and
smoother surface and a better color. This size is particularly adapted
for cloths intended for bleaching or dyeing.
AN IMPROVED PRESS FOR STAMPING LETTERS, BOOKS, AND DOCUMENTS WITH INK OR OTHER COLORING MATTER
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Louis Pierre Hébert, Louis
Armand Moulin, Jean Prudent Couinck, and Edmond Couinck at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on the
27th August 1868.
We, LOUIS PIERRE HÉBERT, LOUIS ARMAND MOULIN, both of Neuilly
on Seine, Avenue du Roule, No. 51, Department de la Seine, JEAN
PRUDENT COUINCK, the elder, and EDMOND COUINCK, the younger, both
of Rue du Marché, No. 25, all in the Empire of France, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED PRESS FOR
STAMPING LETTERS, BOOKS, AND DOCUMENTS WITH INK OR OTHER COLORING MATTER,"
to be as follows:--
This Invention consists of certain new and improved mechanical
arrangements constituting an improved press for stamping letters and
documents with ink and other coloring matter.
The mechanism consists of an ink box of the same shape as the stamp,
with a vertical tube at the centre and top thereof, the ink box is formed
in two parts or chambers, the upper one contains the ink, and in the
lower one a sheet of cork is placed and a piece of felt in contact there-

page_text: with, the division plate of the ink box as also the piece of cork are
pierced with small holes for the passage of the ink on to the felt.
It is also proposed when it is required to use different colored inks to
divide the ink box into chambers, each containing a different colored ink.
The stamping die is made with two engraved faces and a central axis
supported by hollow columns or tubes, in one of which a hooked piece
of metal is adjusted and employed for turning the die holder half a
revolution at each pressure of the stamp. And we would here remark
that the handle of the stamp on which pressure is to be exerted is con-
nected to the ink box, so that in stamping papers whilst one die is
stamping the opposite die is receiving ink, and when the pressure is
removed from the handle of the stamp a spring lifts the ink box away
from the inked die, and at the same time by means of the hooked piece
of metal turns the die holder half a revolution, thereby turning the inked
die downwards, and the uppermost die will be inked in the act of
stamping, and so on in succession.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN WELDED IRON TUBES FOR GAS AND OTHER PURPOSES WHERE STRENGTH AND LIGHTNESS ARE REQUIRED
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Septimus Cockings and
Ferdinand Potts at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 3rd January 1868.
We, JAMES SEPTIMUS COCKINGS, of Birmingham, in the County of
Warwick, Civil Engineer, and FERDINAND POTTS, also of Birmingham,
aforesaid, Manager of Works, do hereby declare the nature of our said
Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN WELDED IRON TUBES FOR GAS AND
OTHER PURPOSES WHERE STRENGTH AND LIGHTNESS ARE REQUIRED," to be as
follows (that is to say):-
-
Our improvements consist, firstly, in making welded tubes of various
sizes of iron rolled with lengthway ribs either on one or both sides,
whereby all necessary strength is preserved with a great reduction of
weight. We do not purpose limiting ourselves to any particular shaped
ribs or intermediate grooves in a tube of a given diameter, as they may
be varied in shape or size as apperance or convenience may require.
Secondly, our improvements in relation to such tubes after welding
consist in partially contracting the ends of such tubes, computing such
contraction from the face of the ribs when the tubes are made with the
ribs on the outside, or the intermediate or reduced parts when the ribs.

page_text: are made up on the interior of the tubes, and in connection with such
contraction we purpose when required protecting the end of the tube by
the use of a collar while inserting a ribbed drift to drive the recessed
portions outwards so as to equalize the surface of the tube at the end for
the better insuring of sound tapping or screwing.
A SLIP OR APPARATUS FOR RAISING, PLACING, OR REPLACING ON THE LINE OF RAILS OR METALS ENGINES, TENDERS, CARRIAGES, TRUCKS, OR OTHER CONVEYANCES USED THEREON
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Jonathan Bowker and James
Ivers at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 27th June 1868.
We, JONATHAN BOWKER, Machinist, and JAMES IVERS, Stoker, both of
Chowbent, in the Parish of Leigh, and County of Lancaster, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "A SLIP OR APPARATUS FOR
RAISING, PLACING, OR REPLACING ON THE LINE OF RAILS OR METALS ENGINES,
TENDERS, CARRIAGES, TRUCKS, OR OTHER CONVEYANCES USED THEREON," to be as
follows:-
Our Invention relates to a mode or apparatus to be applied to the
purpose of raising, placing, or replacing on the line of rails or metals
engines, tenders, carriages, trucks, or other conveyances used thereon,
and consists in the application, adaptation, and construction of certain
apparatus which we call slips. We construct these slips by preference
of wrought-iron plates, and we form each slip of two inclined planes
which embrace the rail on both sides, one inclined plane being on each
side of the rail, the two being connected together across the top of the
rail. These slips are used in pairs, one on each rail (they being made
right and left hand), and are formed of the shape of the letter V, with

page_text: flanges on each side to guide the wheels of the engine or other carriage.
These slips are likewise furnished with points or guards to guide the
wheels directly on to the rails. The engine or carriage being brought
contiguous to the rails it is drawn up the slips, by which action it is
at once placed thereon in its proper position for work.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF OAKUM, TOW, AND SIMILAR MATERIALS
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Nedrick Jarvie and William
Miller at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 19th September 1868.
We, NEDRICK JARVIE, of Greenwich, in the County of Kent, and
WILLIAM MILLER, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS
FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF OAKUM, TOW, AND SIMILAR MATERIALS," to be as-
follows:-
This Invention relates to the manufacture of any suitable fibrous
substances into oakum, tow, or materials in a similar condition, and it
consists in constructing and arranging the teasing apparatus used in such
manufacture so that the portions of the fibrous substances will be firmly
held and slowly fed forward so as to be thoroughly acted upon up
to the last, and so that no partially teased portions may pass through.
In carrying out the Invention a feed roller driven at a suitable speed
and pressed forward by screws, weights, or springs revolves nearly in
contact with a concentric cavity formed in the outer lower edge of a
plate which lies over or round a portion of the teasing cylinder. The
fibrous substances are entered in between the feed roller and the cavity

page_text: and are held completely, so as to be gradually and entirely disintegrated
by the teasing action. The teasing cylinder is of the ordinary con-
struction, being fitted with projecting steel pins which act on the fibrous
substances passing between the cylinder and the covering plate. A
- pair of feed rollers may be placed behind the main feed or entering
roller, which rollers will carry the substances from a table on which
they are laid and facilitate their entrance between the main feed roller
and the cavity in the plate. The covering plate may be fitted with
brushes on the surface facing the teasing cylinder, and it may be held
in position by springs or weights so as to yield when hard or improper
substances happen to enter between it and the cylinder.
The improved apparatus is especially suitable and more particularly
designed for working up old materials, including both white and tarred
ropes. In the case of tarred ropes, tar oil or other suitable oil is
applied in any convenient way to the pins of the teasing cylinder to
lubricate and clean them from the tar.
A NEW MODE OR METHOD OF CONTROLLING RESTIVE AND VICIOUS HORSES
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Emile Prévost at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 8th
October 1868.
I, EMILE PRÉVOST, of 136, Euston Road, in the County of Middlesex,
Electrician, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"A NEW MODE OR METHOD OF CONTROLLING RESTIVE AND VICIOUS HORSES," to
be as follows:-
This Invention relates to an effectual and simple mode or method of
controlling restive and vicious horses, and consists essentially in the
application and use for that purpose of electricity generated either by
permanent magnets or by a galvanic battery as found most convenient.
In carrying out this Invention it is preferred to employ any suitable
small and powerful magneto-electric machine which may be situate
convenient to the hand of the driver if employed on a vehicle, as for
example on or under the box seat. If used for saddle horses the
machine may be enclosed inside the saddle itself. In either case a wire
or wires connect the magneto-electric machine or battery with the bit
of the horse to be controlled, such wire or wires passing along or being
enclosed or concealed within the reins. When required for use it is simply

page_text: necessary to impart a rotatory or reciprocating motion to the permanent
magnet by a handle for that purpose or to establish a circuit from the
battery through the horse's bit, when the animal will be at once rendered
perfectly quiet.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SHIRT FRONTS
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Laird Macfarlane at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
16th July 1868.
I, JAMES LAIRD MACFARLANE, of Upper Holloway, in the County of
Middlesex, Artist, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN SHIRT FRONTS," to be as follows:-
My Invention has for its object the manufacture of shirt fronts in such
a manner as to dispense with the need of a separate cravat or tie, as
usually worn in order to give a requisite appearance of finish to the
dress of the wearer.
By means of my Invention the effect of a cravat or tie is produced
without the cost and trouble of its use as a separate article of dress.
For this purpose my Invention consists in manufacturing shirt fronts of
cotton, linen, or other suitable fabrics, or paper, as usual, but in intro-
ducing in the centre of the front, either by weaving, or by printing, or
by other means, a representation of a cravat or tie. When the said
effect is produced by weaving the material employed for the purpose is
or may be silk, or a mixture of silk and cotton, or jute, or other suitable

page_text: material that will admit of the shirt front being washed, as required,
without detriment to the effect of the said representation of a cravat or
tie. Also the design is or may be produced by means of a jacquard
machine, and this may be done with one warp thread and as many weft
threads as there are colours and shades of colour in the design.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM ENGINES
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Dawber at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 5th
May 1868.
I, JOHN DAWBER, of Over Darwen, in the County of Lancaster,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM ENGINES," to be as follows:-
My improvements consist in so constructing the cylinder or cylinders
of steam engines that they may have a regular reciprocating sliding
movement in the same parallel or line with the piston and piston rod
but with reverse action or stroke in contradistinction to a fixed or
oscillating cylinder, that is to say, the cylinder with its valves and other
ordinary appliances for the admission and exhaust of steam may be
mounted in slides or bearings, and cranks or eccentrics and connecting
rods may be so actuated from the driving shaft actuating the piston rod,
or from elsewhere, that the cylinder and piston may both slide in the

page_text: same line, but that the ends of the cylinder and the surfaces of the
piston will be constantly moving to and from each other alternately,
by which means the pressure of steam and power of the engine is
increased.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ORNA- KENTING TEXTILE FABRICS, FEATHERS, ARTIFICIAL FLOWERS, AND SUCH LIKE ARTICLES
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Denton Abel at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
8th July 1868.-A communication from abroad by Louis Larrüe,
of No. 2, Rue de l'Arcade, Paris, in the Empire of France.
I, CHARLES DENTON ABEL, of No. 20, Southampton Buildings,
Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Patent Agent, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN ORNA-
KENTING TEXTILE FABRICS, FEATHERS, ARTIFICIAL FLOWERS, AND SUCH LIKE
ARTICLES," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object the application of a metallic orna-
mentation upon one or both sides of open or close woven looped or
netted textile fabrics, such as lace, tulle, net, silk, velvet, and other
objects, such as feathers, artificial flowers and leaves. For this purpose
an adhesive composition is in the first place applied so as to have the
desired configuration of the ornamentation to be produced upon one or
both sides of the fabric or other article either by the brush or by means of
impressions from plates or cylinders, such composition consisting by
preference of white lead or céruse, or zinc white, or other suitable
mineral salt diluted with linseed and fatty oils, and copal or other similar

page_text: varnish, mixed together in suitable proportions for producing a fluid
paste. When the fabric is of an open nature, such as lace, net, and tulle,
this compound need in any case be applied only on one side thereof, as
it will in such case penetrate sufficiently to the other side to make the
metal adhere thereto. The metal or metals, such as gold, silver,
bronze, aluminium, and other metals, is or are applied in the form of
leaf foil or powder to the fabric or other article, to which they only
adhere in those parts that are prepared with the before described com-
pound, and upon which the desired metallic ornamentation is thus
produced. Such ornamentation when applied to both sides of the fabric
may be either of the same nature and configuration or of a different
nature or configuration on each side. When the ornamentation is to be
applied to feathers, artificial flowers, and such like articles, the use of the
white lead or zinc white may be omitted in the adhesive composition.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MODES OR METHODS OF COMBINING A LAMP OR LIGHTING APPLIANCE WITH A CANE OR WALKING STICK
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Eugene Gourdin at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 6th
January 1868.
I, EUGENE GOURDIN, of Paris, Boulevard of Sebastopol, No. 113,
Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MODES OR METHODS OF COMBINING A LAMP OR LIGHTING
APPLIANCE WITH A CANE OR WALKING STICK," to be as follows:-
The idea of making canes or walking sticks carry in their upper part
an agent or appliance for lighting is not new, but no practical and
simple mode of combining an appliance for lighting with a cune or stick
has hitherto been introduced.
Now my Invention consists in certain modes herein-after described of
combining a lamp or lighting appliance with a cane or walking stick.
The main feature consists in lodging the lamp partly in the cane and
partly in the handle, and fixing it therein, so that the attachment is
secure and the taking off of the handle easy, while at the same time
there is perfect hermeticity to prevent the gaseous vapors cither escaping
to the interior of the cane or issuing therefrom. The chief parts of the
attachment are a threaded socket and a caoutchouc washer.

page_text: According to one combination the handle of the cane is formed with a
circular cavity, in which I glue or secure a socket threaded internally.
In the body of the cane is a cylindrical chamber to receive the body of
the lamp. The outside or casing of the lamp projects into the cavity of
the handle, and is threaded externally to fit into the threaded socket.
The casing is rendered adherent by glue, assisted by striations or ribs
thereon or on the sides of its chamber. A small washer of leather or
other suitable elastic substance is interposed between the handle and the
top of the cane to make the joint hermetic. The lamp comprises as
usual a feeding sponge, a cylinder of metallic cloth, a wick tube con-
nected to the cover, and a wick. The top of the tube comes against an
elastic button in the top of the cavity of the handle, so that all escape of
gas or vapor is prevented. To use the lamp the handle is unscrewed and
a light applied to the wick.
According to another combination applied, say, to a cane with a round
handle or knob, the cylindrical chamber in the cane is prolonged
downwards, and is provided with a tube on which the socket of the
handle is screwed. The lamp is simply introduced into the tube, or it
is suspended by a flange or otherwise above a lower space, which serves
as a receptacle for matches or other articles. The round handle may
be hollow and closed by a spring cover, which opens on pressing a
button, so that the lamp may be used without unscrewing the handle.
Instead of the elastic button described in the first combination a cap or
capsule may be placed on the top of the wick tube.
By varying the details my Invention may be applied to the canes or
sticks of umbrellas, and to canes and walking sticks of all kinds.
IMPROVEMENTS IN declare the nature of the In for INSTRUMENTS FOR CLIPPING LACE AND OTHER FABRICS
Year: 1868

page_text: the
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Leopold Hamel at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
29th May, 1868..
I, LEOPOLD HAMEL, of 30, Stoney Street, Nottingham, do hereby
** IMPROVEMENTS IN
declare the nature of the said Invention for
INSTRUMENTS FOR CLIPPING LACE AND OTHER FABRICS," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in instruments for.
clipping lace and other fabrics. I construct for this purpose an instru-.
ment by means of which the operator can divide the loops which are
to be clipped off on their two sides simultaneously and close up to. the.
fabric. The instrument is. of scissor-like construction except that the.
blades do not meet and cut the one with the other, but with other
supplemental blades. These supplemental blades are pivotted to the
under sides, of the main blades one to each, and at a short distance. in
advance of the main pivot, and they are also jointed together with a
rule-like joint beyond the extremities of the main blades. The supple-

page_text: mental blades serve a double purpose; they form a mesh on which the
operater takes up the loops to be cut, and which is adjustable to the
length of the loop simply by opening the bows more or less widely,.
and as blades they act with the main blades to sever the loop as. the
bows are closed together.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS POR SUPPLYING WATER TO AND WITHDRAWING WATER FROM BATHS, WASH-BASINS, AND OTHER RECEPTACLES
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Harlow at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 7th
May 1868.
I, ROBERT HARLOW, of Heaton Norris, in the County of Lancaster,
Brassfounder, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS POR SUPPLYING WATER TO AND WITHDRAWING
WATER FROM BATHS, WASH-BASINS, AND OTHER RECEPTACLES," to be as
follows:-
This Invention has for its object the construction of an apparatus for
supplying hot and cold water to baths, wash-basins, and other receptacles,.
more speedily than has hitherto been practicable, and in providing
convenience for taking off the "overflow" and waste water in one and
the same article or apparatus, and consists of a double valve arrange-
ment, each valve being worked by a three-threaded screw spindle, one
of such valves supplying the hot and the other the cold water into a
central compartment, which communicates with a vertical cylindrical
vessel connected near its lower extremity to the bath or other vessel to-
be supplied with water, the bottom of such vessel being provided with.
a scating for an annular valve disposed upon the end of a length of.

page_text: pipe or cylinder of smaller diameter than the vessel in which it is placed.
The inner cylinder has a bell-shaped covering over its top end, which
guides the water into the space between the outer and inner cylinders,
from whence it finds its way into the bath or other receptacle being
supplied, and continues to flow in so long as the valves are open untill
the water reaches the same height as the bell-shaped covering situated
inside the outer cylinder, when the "overflow" water finds it way
beneath such bell-shaped covering and flows down the inner cylinder, and
thus escapes into the waste. The inner cylinder is attached to a spindle
which is conveniently disposed according to the situation in which the
apparatus is placed, so as to be raised up when it is required to empty
the bath or other receptacle. The act of raising the spindle causes the
inner cylinder to rise up, and thus the valve situated at its lower
extremity is lifted from its seating to allow the contents of the bath or
other receptacle to flow away into the waste pipe. The speed at which
any vessel may be filled with water with my improved apparatus is only
limited by the size of the pipes through which it is supplied, as by the
three-threaded screwed spindles a quarter of a turn of the handle suffices
for opening wide the valves which I prefer to use of a semicircular form,
and seated upon a right-angled edge.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MEANS OF AND APPARATUS FOR OBTAINING AND APPLYING MOTIVE POWER
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Hird at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 8th
August 1868.
I, JAMES HIRD, of the City and County of Bristol, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MEANS OF AND
APPARATUS FOR OBTAINING AND APPLYING MOTIVE POWER," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to certain improvements in the means of
obtaining motive power to be applied to various useful purposes, and in
the apparatus whereby such results are effected.
I propose to employ as a prime mover a small steam engine, or
manual power, or the power derived from wind or water, or a heated
air or gas engine, or any other source of power, and to construct a series
of standards and framework containing the requisite bearings for the
apparatus. I connect the fly wheel of the first motor to a shaft con-
taining a pulley keyed thereto, from which a driving band extends to
a second shaft carrying a pulley and fly wheel, the diameter of which
and the consequent weight are much greater than the first, and from
this second series I again operate a third series, the fly wheel of which
is proportionately increased in size and weight. The hands and pullies

page_text: may be arranged to regulate the speed of the fly wheels, and the con-
sequence of these arrangements will be that the initial force will become
developed by the increase of momentum in the fly wheels, whereby the
power will be accumulated and an increase obtained proportionately
to the number of the series of apparatus, such power being then applied
by gearing attached to the shaft of the ultimate series so as to work
machinery of any description. I am enabled to transfer the motion
to the required series of fly wheels by means of fast and loose pulleys
on the several shafts, so that the driving bands can be instantly thrown
from the loose to the fast pulley, or vice versa, according to the power
required. In lieu of driving bands or straps I propose also to employ á
series of toothed wheels, in which case I should place them in sliding
clutches on the shafts so as to throw them in or out of gear in a manner
equivalent to that employed when using the endless bands, but the
latter would be preferable on account of the saving in expense, the
toothed wheel gearing would however be necessary where a very great
power should be required to work a large mill or factory, as the friction
of the bands would not be sufficient, and a slip in their action would
take place. Chains might however be used, the links working on
projections on the pulleys after the manner of a chain cable for raising
an anchor, in this case any power could be transferred without the
chance of the chain slipping. By these means the power of a one-
horse engine may be increased to the power of a six-horse engine or
still greater by the continually increasing or accumulating momentum
of the fly wheels, and the principle of the Invention may be made
available for engines worked by any power and of any size with pro-
portionate results.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR CUTTING DISCS OF WASHERS OF INDIA-RUBBER AND OTHER SUBSTANCES
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Ernest Grether and Mark
Bailey at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 4th February 1868.
We, ERNEST GRETHER, of the City of Manchester, Merchant, and
MARK BAILEY, of Huddersfield, in the County of York, India-rubber
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR CUTTING DISCS OF WASHERS OF INDIA-RUBBER
AND OTHER SUBSTANCES," to be as follows:-
The principle on which this machine is based consists in imparting
to india-rubber or other cords or cylinders (having the exact diameter of
the discs or washers) a rapid rotatory motion round their axes, and then
to allow a knife (placed at right angles to the axes of the said cords or
cylinders) to cut as many discs or washers off at one stroke as there are
cords or cylinders to be operated upon.
The mode of operation is as follows:-A certain number of tubes
are made to revolve rapidly round their axes, the said tubes being of
such diameter that the above-mentioned india-rubber or other cords
will fit into them, and consequently will participate in the rotation of
said tubes. All these tubes are placed side by side in one row, and

page_text: whatever projects out of them is cut off by a knife which is caused to
vibrate or travel to and fro in front of and in close proximity to the
tubes. At the back of each tube is a rod, which after each stroke of
the knife pushes the india-rubber or other cord a certain distance
forward, which distance must be equal to the thickness of the discs.
The knife receives its motion from cams of such profile that the cut
begins with its maximum velocity, which gradually decreases towards
'the-centre of the cord.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SHUTTLES EMPLOYED IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by David Sowden and Reuben
Calvert Stephenson at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 18th July 1868.-A communication
from abroad by Thomas Hatch, of the City of Lawrence, State
of Massachusets, United States of America.
We, DAVID SOWDEN and REUBEN CALVERT STEPHENSON, of Bradford,
in the County of York, Machine Makers, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN SHUTTLES EMPLOYED IN LOOMS
FOR WEAVING."-A communication to us from abroad by Thomas Hatch,
of the City of Lawrence, State of Massachusets, United States of
America, to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to the pikes of shuttles, and the improvements
consist in constructing them with a spring attached at the point and
expanding at the root and of the pike. This pike is hinged in the
shuttle at the root end (as usual), and a spring plate or stop piece is
fixed so that when the pike is turned or pushed out from the shuttle
to place on or remove the spool therefrom the spring comes in contact
with the said plate which presses the spring close against the pike,
thereby allowing the spool to pass easily or freely on or off the pike

page_text: thus avoiding the use of force as heretofore in the placing or removal
of the spools, which force very frequently damages the yarn and splits
the bobbins, and when the pike is returned or pushed into the shuttle
the spring is at liberty to expand and thereby hold the spool on the
pikes, the end being slightly bent and notched or hooked as usual for
that purpose.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MEANS EMPLOYED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF FABRIC IN LACE MACHINERY
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Brookes at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 1st
December 1868.-A communication from abroad by William Hall
and George Hall, both of St. Pierre lès Calais, in the Empire of
France.
I, WILLIAM BROOKES, of 62, Chancery Lane, London, in the County
of Middlesex, Civil Engineer and Patent Agent, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MEANS EMPLOYED IN
THE MANUFACTURE OF FABRIC IN LACE MACHINERY," (a communication to me
from abroad by William Hall and George Hall, both of St. Pierre
lès Calais, in the Empire of France,) to be as follows:-
The object of the Invention is the manufacture of fabric în lace
machinery with fine "muslin" or "fining" portions therein whilst
the mesh or net portion thereof is comparatively large or coarse.. For
this purpose every other stump is taken out of its bar together with half
of the warp threads, but all the bobbin threads are kept at work as in
full guage. By these means the fabric is produced by the use of stump
bars instead of by independent bars.

page_text: The accompanying Diagrams represent workings according to the
Invention. In each Diagram the bobbin threads are marked with the
letter a and colored red, the warp threads with the letter b and colored
green, and it will be seen that a single warp thread 6 works around
two bobbin threads a, a. The dotted lines, c, c, represent gymp threads.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE TREATMENT OF STRAPS OR BANDS FOR DRIVING MACHINERY
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Ferdinand Veith at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 7th July
1868. A communication from abroad by Conrad Bek and Heinreich
Bek, Foreigners, residing at Schaffhausen, Switzerland.
I, FERDINAND VEITH, of Zurich, Switzerland, Commission Agent,
but now residing at Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
TREATMENT OF STRAPS OR BANDS FOR DRIVING MACHINERY," to be as
follows:-
This Invention has for its objects the preservation of straps or bands
and to cause them to adhere better to the drums or pullies on which
they run, and consists in coating them with a mixture of train or other
such oil, grease derived from skins preparatory to the tanning or other
process in which skins are so treated, creosote or analogous hydrocarbon,
and sulphuric acid.

page_text: My correspondent states that the proportions may be varied, but he
has found the following to answer :-Train oil 73 per cent., grease of
skins 22 per cent., creosote 4 per cent., and sulphuric acid per cent.,
the whole being mixed together.
Iм- PROVEMENTS IN THE PRODUCTION OF ALCOHOLIC LIQUORS
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Irvine at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 30th
October 1868.
I, ROBERT IRVINE, of No. 9, Baltic Street, Leith, North Britain,
Chemist, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "Iм-
PROVEMENTS IN THE PRODUCTION OF ALCOHOLIC LIQUORS," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to the economising and utilising of those
refuse products containing starch which result from the process of
brewing and distilling, and has for its object the production of sugar
from such refuse products to be afterwards converted into alcohol
by fermentation. The refuse products to which this portion of my
Invention is more particularly applicable are those known as "draff"
and "
dreg," the draff being the solid refuse of the malt which is left
after the extraction of the saccharine matter by mashing, or when raw
grain is employed the residue remaining after the extraction of the
starch. The dreg is the liquid left after the alcohol has been distilled off
from the fermented wort.
In carrying out my said Invention I take any of the before mentioned
refuse products and add thereto water acidulated with sulphuric acid or

page_text: such of its salts as have an acid reaction, they being most suitable for
my purpose. The proportion in which I employ either the acid or the
acid salts will vary according to the amount of starchy matter contained
in the before mentioned refuse products, my object being to convert the
same into starch sugar, or partly into starch sugar and partly into
dextrine. This saccharine material I designate for the sake of convenience
"malt extract," from its similarity in properties to that substance as
obtained from malt. In order to effect the conversion of the starch
present I boil these refuse products with the acid liquid for such time
as may be required, the desired conversion being usually effected in from
about six to twenty-four hours. After the conversion has been effected,
(which may be easily ascertained by testing the solution for free starch
by means of iodine, as is well understood,) I draw off the clear or brown
liquid holding the "malt extract" in solution and separate or neutralize
the acid or acid salts employed for effecting the change of the starchy
matters by means either of alkalies or of alkaline earths or their carbon-
ates, so as to obtain a neutral liquid which contains the so called "malt
extract" in solution, and which is capable of fermentation in the usual
way, and of subsequent distillation for the obtainment of the alcohol
therefrom.
IMPROVEMENTS IN COVERING OR CAPPING BOTTLES, JARS, AND OTHER SURFACES
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Marsh at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 29th December
1868.
I, JOHN MARSH, of the City of Westminster, in the County of
Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN COVERING OR CAPPING BOTTLES, JARS, AND OTHER SURFACES,"
to be as follows:-
In order to effectually cap or cover bottles, jars, and other surfaces
requiring similar treatment in an effectual manner, so as to prevent the
exudation of any of the liquid, spirit, or other matter contained therein,
and in a facile way obtain an airproof and waterproof closure, I adopt
the following method, namely, instead of placing over any cork or
stopper of the bottle, jar, or surface pieces of leather or other similar
substance, binding the same with string or wire, and then cutting or
shaping the same into proper form as ordinarily adopted, I take india-
rubber vulcanised or prepared so as to be really elastic, or other suitable
elastic substance, and manufacture the same into caps or covers, which
shall, when placed on the bottles, jars, or surfaces, and over any corks or
stoppers, tightly fit on the same, that is, I make them as small conical

page_text: or sugar loaf or other suitably shaped caps; these caps I press on to and
over any corks or stoppers of the bottles, jars, or surfaces to be capped
or covered so as to tightly encompass the same and prove a secure and
efficient closure without the necessity of using string or wire, whereby I
provide for more effectual capping or covering, and economize time and
labour in effecting the operation. The india-rubber coverings for bottles
are first of all made in moulds, then put on mandrels, and finished off
by hand, every one singly and every cap moulded separately.
IMPROVED MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR SPINNING, TWISTING, DOUBLING, DRAWING, OR CONDENSING FIBROUS MATERIALS
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Sydney William Smith at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
14th December 1868.
I, SYDNEY WILLIAM SMITH, of Leeds, in the County of York,
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVED MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR SPINNING, TWISTING, DOUBLING,
DRAWING, OR CONDENSING FIBROUS MATERIALS," to be as follows:-
My first object is (referring more especially to woollen machinery) to
dispense with the "mule" in spinning, twisting, or doubling, and to
operate directly and continuously by means of a spinning frame, and
this I accomplish by use of a pair of hollowed rollers constructed as
afterwards described.
My second object is to spin directly from condensers, dispensing with
intermediate machinery, rollers similarly constructed to those above
referred to being used in such process. For this purpose I place the
hollowed rollers before referred to in a suitable position to receive the
fibrous materials as they emerge from their respective holding "rollers,"
and the peripheries are constructed in longitudinal sections of, say (for

page_text: example), from three to eight parts as may be deemed requisite, and
fitted by grooved slides upon the shaft. Within (or at the outer end of)
each roller I place upon the shaft a grooved cam or scroll (free to
revolve upon it), and give motion to the same by means of gearing or
straps from the lower or other convenient shafts. A pin or stud on the
inner surface of the roller works in the cam or scroll groove, and I thus
obtain a reciprocatory motion of the sectional part of each roller. The
result is a rubbing or twisting and drawing motion, which may be
increased or decreased at will, the rollers having the usual rotary
motion.
IMPROVEMENTS IN HEALDS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Brooke and Richard
Edmondson at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 8th February 1868.
We, WILLIAM BROOKE, of the City of Manchester, in the County of
Lancaster, Merchant, and RICHARD EDMONDSON, of Bank Top Mill,
Blackburn, in the same County, Manufacturer, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for." IMPROVEMENTS IN HEALDS FOR WEAVING,"
to be as follows:-
Our improvements consist in applying "catgut" as a material for
lealds, made up same as ordinary healds; also in giving clasticity to
healds made of such material by connecting them with the rods by
means of india-rubber or other suitable elastic material; also in placing
metallic eyelets in healds formed of catgut; also in forming healds of
catgut combined with pieces of metal, having eyes punched in them
arranged so that the warp threads will pass through the eyes in a line
parallel or nearly so to the flat side of the metal; and in giving
elasticity in each of the above described modes of making healds by the
means herein-before referred to.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN VALVES
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Stanislaus Joseph Paris, David
Drummond, and Daniel Hamer at the Office of the Commis-
sioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 11th June 1868.
We, STANISLAUS JOSEPH PARIS, DAVID DRUMMOND, and DANIEL
HAMER, all of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN
VALVES," to be as follows:-
The Invention relates to valves which open and close to control the
passage of liquids or fluids, and is designed for the purpose of diminishing
or removing the pressure thereof, and consequently the effect of such
pressure on the seatings or frictional surfaces of the said valves.
The improvements consist in introducing the liquid or fluid through
the centre of and in a direction concentric with the axis or bore of
the valve, and at right angles to the direction of its motion, and in
such a manner that the pressure may be exerted evenly around the
internal surfaces of the valve, whereby the bearing or frictional surfaces
are relieved from pressure. The valve so constructed may be applied
for many purposes, and the ducts or openings may be formed therein
in different positions to suit the peculiar purpose to which the valve is

page_text: applied, but all supply and exhaust ducts or ports open from the
internal or hollow part towards the external, that is, at about right
angles to the direction of the passage of the fluid or liquid, and the
valve is moved in an oscillatory manner, that is, to and fro in the
radius of a circle by means of cams and rods or other well-known 5
means applied to the valve spindle.
IMPROVEMENTS IN VACUUM AND PRESSURE CASE MOULDS, AND IN MACHINERY FOR PERFORATING THE SAME FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF FIBROUS ARTICLES IN ONE PIECE WITHOUT SEAM OR JOINT
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPFCIFICATION left by William Bull at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
30th January 1868.
I, WILLIAM BULL, of Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex,
Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN VACUUM AND PRESSURE CASE MOULDS, AND IN MACHINERY
FOR PERFORATING THE SAME FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF FIBROUS ARTICLES IN
ONE PIECE WITHOUT SEAM OR JOINT," to be as follows:-
The improvements which constitute this Invention consist, first, in
making the outer and inner cases of vacuum and pressure moulds of
unperforated metal, and in perforating the said cases after they have
been formed to the required shape and configuration; secondly, of a
drilling machine formed with one or more horizontal tables and vertical
face plates, each having a sliding, rotating, and tipping motion, and
fitted respectively with graduated scales, adjusting micrometer, and
cramping screws for perforating the cases of the said moulds, or similar
moulds or metal. By or with the aid of these moulds fibrous articles
of any required shape or configuration (such as hats or other coverings

page_text: for the head or body or parts thereof) can be manufactured in one
piece without seam or joint, the fibro being deposited in or upon the
said moulds at one or more operations in one thickness, or in layers,
by increasing hydraulic, pneumatic, or hydro-pneumatic pressure.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CONSTRUCTION OF TELEGRAPH AND SIGNAL POSTS
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William McGregor at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
28th August 1868.
I, WILLIAM MCGREGOR, of Notting Hill, in the County of Middlesex,
First Assistant Superintendent Indian Government Telegraphs, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
CONSTRUCTION OF TELEGRAPH AND SIGNAL POSTS," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to improvements in the construction of tubular
metal telegraph posts to be used chicfly where great height is required,
such as for carrying wires across rivers, creeks, valleys, and public roads.
I make the post in telescopic sections, preferably of galvanized iron, made
to slide, screw, or otherwise fitted one on the other, and so arranged that
the section above shall fit into the next below, and so that all may be
packed into the lowest and largest section, whereby the parts may be
readily transported from place to place for fixing. Each section is made
slightly conical for the purpose of allowing the base of one to be fitted
on the top of the section below, the base of each being provided with a
projecting flange for increasing the strength at that part. The base-
ment socket, which is of cast iron or other metal, is made hollow

page_text: and has a flange at top and bottom of several inches in width. This
socket is introduced into the ground and there secured, preferably with
brickwork or masonry, in order to ensure a firm hold being obtained on
the flanges of the socket. Where the posts are of considerable height
I prefer to have chain stays for securing the same attached to anchors
fixed in the ground in the same manner as the sockets above mentioned;
each chain is also provided with a tightening screw. In constructing these
telescopic telegraph posts I prefer to interpose india-rubber, gutta percha,
or other non-conducting material at the junction between each section
for the purpose of insulating the same. I may also construct the top
section carrying the wires wholly or partly of wood for the same purpose.
Each telegraph post I prefer to furnish with a lightning conductor
projected above and passing down the centre of same, from which
however it is entirely insulated.
These improvements are also applicable for the construction of all
kinds of signal posts where great height is required and also facility of
transportation.