Improved Mode of and Appliances for Calibrating or Reducing to a Definite Size or Configuration Hollow Objects such as Tubes or Vessels.
Year: 1889

page_text: Date of Application, 21st Feb., 1889
Complete Specification Left, 19th Nov., 1889-Accepted, 21st Dec., 1889
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improved Mode of and Appliances for Calibrating or Reducing to a
Definite Size or Configuration Hollow Objects such as Tubes or
Vessels.
I, WILHELM LORENZ of 44 Westendstrasse of Karlsruhe in the Grand-Duchy of
Baden, German Empire, Engineer, and Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature
of this invention to be as follows:-
My invention relates to an improved mode of and apparatus for calibrating or
reducing to a definite size, hollow objects such as tubes &c. whereby the said objects
are subjected to pressure by two or more separate pressing surfaces combined
together so as to form a pressing mould, and so arranged that the said object is
thereby subjected simultaneously on all points of its outer surface to a more or less
radially inward directed pressure until the desired reduction in size is obtained.
The pressing mould may for this purpose consist of a hollow cylindrical or other
shaped body having an internal configuration corresponding to that of the object to be
treated and divided longitudinally into two or more separate parts, the said parts
when fitting with their side surfaces closely together, presenting an internal configu-
ration which is exactly the counterpart of the object of the reduced size required,
so that when the pressing mould with its parts slightly separated from each other
is applied to an object having a similar configuration, but somewhat larger in size,
and is made by any suitable means to exert an inward pressure thereon until the
sides of the mould come in contact, the object will have been reduced to the desired
size and configuration, assuming that the extent of such compression exceeds the
elastic limits of the metal composing the said body.
The required reduction in size may be effected either by one single operation, or
by several consecutive operations, at each of which the object is reduced one stage.
In order to prevent the production of ridges or seams on the surface of the object
at the points where the parts of the mould meet, the edges of the latter may be made
to fit with a curved or zig-zag configuration more or less into each other.
In this case the edges, in being moved together during the pressing operation,
also have a longitudinal displacement relatively to each other and to the object, and
consequently correspondingly formed seams cannot be produced on the article. Any
traces that may exist of such seams can be removed by afterwards pressing the
object again when placed in a somewhat shifted position."
At Figs. 1 to 4 of the accompanying drawings are shewn by way of example
various arrangements for carrying out my above described invention. Fig. 1 shews a
calibrating appliance for straight cylindrical tubes.
In this arrangement there are six cheeks A, the internal pressing surfaces a of
which form together a hollow tube, the diameter of which corresponds to the external
diameter of the tube B after calibration, when the cheeks a have been moved inwards
so as to bring their edges a¹ a¹ in contact. The cheeks are tapered externally at each
end and the coned ends of the complete mould thus produced have screw threads
formed thereon, on which are screwed nuts C. By screwing up these nuts the
several cheeks are consequently forced radially inwards, and are thereby made to
compress the tube embraced by them. When the compression has been completed,
the nuts are turned back so as to release the tube from the grip of the cheeks, and
allow it to be removed.
Fig. 2 shews a similar appliance for calibrating a hollow body which is
cylindrical at the middle portion and coned at each end. The cheeks A are tapered
at the ends as at Fig. 1, and are pressed inwards by internally coned rings D
which are either driven on or are drawn together by means of screw bolts d.

page_text: Fig. 3 shews a calibrating device in which cheeks A are provided externally
with eccentric or cam shaped surfaces a², on which bear correspondingly shaped
surfaces e on
a ring E, so that by turning the latter upon the cheeks in the
direction of the arrow, the cheeks are forced inwards as before and thus calibrate the
hollow object F.
Fig. 4 shews an arrangement in which the cheeks A are surrounded by a toothed
ring G with pinion H driven by suitable gearing J K and crank handle L, so as
to effect the slow rotation of the cheeks. These have coned ends with screw threads
on which are screwed nuts C as in the first arrangement, but in this case the nuts
are held in a surrounding framing so that they cannot rotate, but only slide
longitudinally. As the checks are rotated, the nuts are consequently made to
approach each other and thereby effect the compression of the object as before.
Fig. 5 shews two different incdes of forming the meeting edges for the cheeks
with corrugation or serrations in order to prevent the formation of seams on the
object as before described.
Dated this 21st day of February 1889.
ABEL & IMRAY,
Agents for the Applicant.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improved Mode of and Appliances for Calibrating or Reducing to a
Definite Size or Configuration Hollow Objects such as Tubes or
Vessels.
1. WILHELM LORENZ, of 44 Westendstrasse, of Karlsruhe, in the Grand Duchy
of Baden. German Empire, Engineer and Manufacturer, hereby declare the nature
of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
My Invention relates to an improved mode of and apparatus for calibrating or
reducing to a definite size, hollow objects such as tubes &c. whereby the said objects
are subjected to pressure by two or more separate pressing surfaces combined
together so as to form a pressing mould and so arranged that the said object is
thereby subjected simultaneously on all points of its outer surface to a more or
less radially inward directed pressure until the desired reduction in size is
obtained.
The pressing mouid may for this purpose consist of a hollow cylindrical or other
shaped body having an internal configuration corresponding to that of the object to
be treated and divided longitudinally into two or more separate parts, the said parts
when fitting with their side surfaces closely together, presenting an internal configu-
ration which is exactly the counterpart of the object of the reduced size required, so
that when the pressing mould with its parts slightly separated from each other is
applied to an object, having a similar configuration, but somewhat larger in size, and
is made by any suitable means to exert an inward pressure thereon until the sides of
the mould come in contact, the object will have been reduced to the desired size
and configuration, assuming that the extent of such compression exceeds the elastic
limits of the metal composing the said body.
The required reduction in size may be effected either by one single operation, or
by several consecutive operations, at each of which the object is reduced one stage.
In order to prevent the production of ridges or seams on the surface of the object
at the points where the parts of the mould meet, the edges of the latter may be made
to fit with a curved or zig-zag confiuration more or less into each other.
In this case the edges, in being moved together during the pressing operation,
also have a longitudinal displacement relatively to each other and to the object and
consequently correspondingly formed seams cannot be produced on the article.
Any traces that may exist of such seams can be removed by afterwards pressing the
object again when placed in a somewhat shifted position.
At Figs. to 4 of the drawings accompanying my provisional specification are

page_text: shown by way of example various arrangements for carrying out my above described
invention. Fig. 1 shows a calibrating appliance for straight cylindrical tubes.
In this arrangement there are six cheeks A, the internal pressing surfaces a of
which form together a hollow tube, the diameter of which corresponds to the
external diameter of the tube B after calibration, when the cheeks a have been
moved inwards so as to bring their edges a¹ a¹ in contact. The cheeks are tapered
externally at each end and the coned ends of the complete mould thus produced have
screw threads formed thereon, on which are screwed nuts C. By screwing up these
nuts the several cheeks are consequently forced radially inwards, and are thereby
made to compress the tube embraced by them. When the compression has been com-
pleted, the nuts are turned back so as to release the tube from the grip of the cheeks
and allow it to be removed.
Fig. 2 shews a similar appliance for calibrating a hollow body which is cylindrical
at the middle portion and coned at each end. The cheeks A are tapered at the ends
as at Fig. 1, and are pressed inwards by internally coned rings D which are either
driven on or are drawn together by means of screw bolts d.
Fig. 3 shews a calibrating device in which cheeks A are provided externally with
eccentric or cam shaped surfaces a², on which bear correspondingly shaped surfaces e
on a ring E, so that by turning the latter upon the cheeks in the direction of the
arrow, the cheeks are forced inwards as before, and thus calibrate the hollow
object F.
Fig. 4 shews an arrangement in which the cheeks A are surrounded by a toothed
ring G with pinion H driven by suitable gearing J K and crank landle L so as to
effect the slow rotation of the cheeks. These have coned ends with screw threads
on which are screwed nuts C as in the first arrangement but in this case the nuts
are held in a surrounding framing so that they cannot rotate, but only slide longi-
tudinally. As the cheeks are rotated the nuts are consequently made to. approach
each other and thereby effect the compression of the object as before.
Fig. 5 shews' two different modes of forming the meeting edges for the cheeks with
corrugations or serrations in order to prevent the formation of seams on the object as
before described.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what 1
claim is :-
:-
1. Calibrating or reducing to a definite size or configuration hollow objects such
as tubes or vessels, by acting upon their outer surfaces by means of pressing dies
divided radially into several parts, the outer surfaces of which are coned or tapering
and which are simultaneously forced inwards until their meeting surfaces come in
contact, either by means of coned rings and screws as at Fig. 2 of the drawings, or by
means of rings with internal screw threads as at Figs. 1 and 4, or by means of rings
with helical or cam shaped surfaces as at Fig. 3, substantially as described.
2. In apparatus for calibrating hollow objects such as is referred to in the preceding
claim, combining with the divided pressing die having external screw threads, a
toothed wheel G for rotating the die and hollow body so as to cause the screwed
rings (, which are prevented from rotating, to advance in a longitudinal direction,
substantially as described with reference to Fig. 4.
Dated this 19th day of November 1889.
ABEL & IMRAY,
Agents for the Applicant.