Improvements in and relating to Apparatus for Automatically Producing and Burning Vapour from Oils and Hydrocarbons.
Year: 1896

page_text: Date of Application, 2nd May, 1896
Complete Specification Left, 11th July. 1896-Accepted, 12th Sept., 1896
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and relating to Apparatus for Automatically
Producing and Burning Vapour from Oils and Hydrocarbons.
.
I, RENÉ AUGUSTIN POITRIMOL, of 10 Rue Barbette, Paris, in the Republic of
France, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
In the Specification of my former Patent No. 6245 dated March 26th 1895 it is
stated that I have found that the apparatus in which the liquid comes directly into
combustion in the form of vapour or gas, are fed irregularly, and only light slowly,
they become choked with dirt producing smoke, they are difficult to regulate and
finally the flames from their burners, affected by drops of liquid coming into the
vaporiser, are unsteady.
The present apparatus is based on the same principles as that described in the
specification of the aforesaid former patent but is especially intended for incandescent
purposes.
The apparatus forming the subject of the present invention possesses none of the
above-mentioned inconveniences, and in the construction of this apparatus I have
endeavoured to achieve the following results :
(1) A regular and continuous feed with the aid of a tube in which the outflow is
proportional to the consumption, either through spongy materials filling the tube
and allowing liquid which is to be vaporized to filter gently through; or through a
more or less close filter which the liquid traverses by capillarity or by pressure; or
by furnishing this feed tube with a regulating apparatus placed in front of the inlet
for the liquid to the boiler.
(2) A mode of energetic heating by bringing a vaporizer of suitable form of
small dimensions and light weight in direct contact with the flame from the
burner.
(3) The mixing of the hydrocarbon gas formed under automatic pressure with
much air before the arrival in the burner, in order to form and conduct a gas of
hot carburetted air leaving the burner at a sufficiently great velocity for ensuring
the perfect combustion and for, giving a smokeless and steady flame.
Before commencing with the description of the apparatus it is necessary to
observe that what may be quite practical when the consumption of spirit or alcohol
is concerned is no longer the case when burning heavy oil weighing 800 grammes
and upwards per litre. It is evident that in order to be gasified the heavy oil
requires a much higher temperature than spirit or alcohol, but that on the other
hand the gas produced needs a longer period for becoming mixed with the
necessary air intimately enough in order to be suitable for the combustion; in other
words in order to form carburetted air. If by too low a temperature the gas were
only converted into vapours, drops of liquid would enter the flame, burn imperfectly
and give rise to smoke; and it on the contrary the temperature were high enough
for gasifying the oil, and should the portion of the passage which this gas traverses
in contact with the air before reaching the flame be too short for enabling it during
this time to become intimately mixed with the air, the result would be that the gas
and air would arrive at the burner, not as an intimate mixture such as is necessary
for obtaining a hot flame, but in juxtaposed columns. If for instance the oil gas
could be coloured, blue: and the air red, it would be seen that, should the outflow of
the gas be too close to the burner, this gas and the air drawn in would arrive at the

page_text: burner in two columns, one blue and the other red, and that the violet colour
resulting from the intimate mixing, would appear only at a certain distance beyond
the burner; whereas if the distance between the outlet of the gas and the burner
is great enough the two columns will be seen upon the part of the passage which is
in front of the burner, and the violet colour will be formed within the burner or
a little in front.
As it would hardly be practical to have one source of heat for gasifying the oil
and another burner for consuming the carburetted air produced, the following
consequences ensue :
(A) In order to consume in a burner carburetted air, the carburetted hydrogen
gas of which lias been produced in a vaporizer heated by the same burner with the
aid of oil it is necessary to cause' the carburetted hydrogen gas to make a circuit,
passing partly through a sufficiently hot pipe for the gas formed not to be condensed
again, and partly through the open air in order that upon this part of the circuit
the carburetted hydrogen gas may become intimately mixed with a sufficient
quantity of air, by carrying it away; for changing the same into carburetted air.
(B) The heavier the liquid used for the combustion, the longer the circuit will
have to be, and the longer must be the part of this circuit in which the gas jet is in
contact with the air.
(G) The heavier the liquid nsed, the longer the length of pipe, or lengths of
pipes if there are several supplies, will have to circulate in the flame of the burner
in order to obtain the necessary high temperature for the gas which has been
formed not to be condensed again wholly or partly before its arrival at the outlet
of the burner. In order that the gas jet, during that portion of its passage where
it is in contact with the air, may not become cool again I may arrange the pipe,
which is raised by metallic conductibility to a high temperature, in such a manner
that the gas jet will touch it; I may for instance have several supplies and several
pipes of a reduced section which are grouped together to form a cluster, and which
are enclosed in a tube open to the air, and into which the gas jet resulting from the
union of these pipes is projected in order to form carburetted air therein.
It is evident from what has just now been set forth that an apparatus constructed
fór burning heavy oil may also burn spirit, light oil or alcohol; but that an
apparatus constructed for burning this latter class of liquids is not suitable for
burning heavy oil. Besides the questions which have just been dealt with it is
needful to take into consideration the means for preventing the leakage, in the
apparatus, of mineral oil the fluidity of which is very great. Certain valves have
indeed ensured the perfect tightness of the reservoirs with regard to the "outer
surfaces of the apparatus, but in the long run the leakages of the liqind took place
in the interior of the feed pipes, and the necessary security was not achieved.
has therefore been necessary to have recourse to a new arrangement which will
hereinafter be described:
It
The oil necessary for the feed may be stored up either in a reservoir placed at a
certain height above all the apparatus to bé fed, or in' a lower réservoir from which
the oil is raised by air pressure into small supplementary reservoirs situated above
the burners.
In one form or arrangement the feed pipe is bent above the burner so, as to
form a vaporizer at this part and to be touched by the flames from its burner.
This tube might form only a single branch terminating in the flames; but for
facilitating the construction, mounting and cléaning, the feed gains in many cases
by being ensured on several sides.
To obviate counter pressure the feed-tube is partly filled with spongy, permeable
capillary material, or arranged so as to produce capillarity or molecular division;
for example asbestos threads, the closeness of which is easily calculated and through
which the liquid under pressure filters in a suitable manner, have given good
results. I may also obviate a great portion of the counter pressure by causing the
liquid designed for feeding the apparatus to pass through a device composed of a
box containing superposed layers of felt or other filter materials.

page_text: At the most intensely heated parts of the feed-tube, forming a vaporizer at its:
upper portion, I provide for one or more supplies of vapours by means of pipes
which pass specially and apart into the flames, and which, being introduced into
the interior of the burner and into the burner tube wherein the mixing of the gas
and air takes place, are conducted to the open extremity of this tube.
The other extremity of this burner tube forms the burner which is composed of
a.kind of funnel more or less closed by a disc which may be adjusted towards or
away from the burner by means of screws so as to regulate the outflow of:
the gas.
The liquid being conveyed under pressure by any means through the supply
tube, the apparatus operates in the following manner :
Before opening the pipe for the liquid, with which the supply tube is in
communication, I heat by any suitable means the burner and the upper part of the
tube forming the vaporizer, until these parts are at the desired temperature for
enabling them to vaporize the hydrocarbon employed; then I admit the liquid,
which, passing through the filter materials, or the device forming a filter like the
box containing felt, flows through the branches of the feed tube and is vaporized
immediately on arriving at its upper part.
The vapours entering the pipes from said feed tube are superheated therein,
become gasified, precipitate towards the extremities of these pipes, and leave under
pressure through one or more holes in the form of one or more powerful jets which,
carrying the air with them, become mixed with it and form gas of hot carburetted
air which feeds the burner where it is then consumed perfectly in the form of a
blue flame.
From this moment it is by the sole action of the flame from the burner that the
vaporization of the hydrocarbon is maintained. By this arrangement, the heat
being maintained sufficiently great up to the extremity of the pipes from the feed
tube placed in the interior of the hot gas pipe, condensation is avoided, and it is
under great pressure that the gasified vapours leaving at the aforesaid jet or jets
can become automatically mixed in the necessary quantities with the air carried.
away.
The apparatus then operates without interruption until the moment when the
admission of liquid into the supply tube is stopped.
If the feed tube is filled for example up to its curved part with cotton or
asbestos, in contact with the cotton wicks dipping into a reservoir, the feed may
be obtained by simple capillarity; the apparatus will then operate better in
proportion as the hydrocarbon used is lighter.
In another form of burner the feed tube forming a burner at its extremity, is
divided into two branches for the sake of the harmony of the lines and the facility
of the mounting and construction; it is filled in the interior for instance with
asbestos threads to its upper part. Its two branches traverse the extremity of
the burner in order to form interiorly a fork and allow only a single tube to extend
above its burner.
The supply of vapours takes place through a pipe from the feed tube which is
directly heated, specially and apart, by the flames, and which is prolonged to the
open extremity of the burner tube and terminating in a part pierced with one or
more small holes,
At the extremity of the burner tube is the burner. This burner is composed of
a wire gauze or perforated plate, through which burns with a blue flame the
hydrocarbon transformed, after mixing, into gas of hot carburetted air. The
mode of setting this apparatus in operation is the same as that hereinbefore
described.
After the development of an initial heat by any appropriate means the liquid
conducted in the two branches of the fork through the asbestos thread is vapourized
at the extremity of the feed tube forming a vapourizer, and the vapours superheated
and gasified by their passage through the pipe from the feed tube leave under
pressure at the jet in order to become mixed with the surrounding air and supply

page_text: the burner with gas of hot carburetted air, in the form of a blue flame without
odour or smoke, and producing an intense heat.
The feed tube may present various forms in the burner, where it performs the
part of a vapourizer; it may also be continned for conducting the superheated and
gasified vapours to the holes in the jet device; it would thus replace the pipe from
the feed tube. When made of a small diameter it may even penetrate into the
interior of the burner tube by the side of the jet device so as to simplify the
mounting.
As hereinbefore set forth, I may obtain a regular and continuous feed without
any necessity for placing meshes or spongy materials of any kind whatsoever, in
the feed pipe and without causing the liquid to traverse filters or other devices
designed to obviate counter-pressures, this being achieved by providing the feed
tube with a regulating apparatus in front of the point where the liquid arrives in
the vaporizer.
By then regulating with the aid of this apparatus the uninterrupted arrival of
the liquid to be gasified proportionately to the quantity of gas consumed by the
burner I obtain a regular and continuous flame not influenced by counter-pressure.
With the aid of these burners I easily effect the heating to incandescence of most
of the bodies capable of producing light. Several burners may be grouped
together, one or more amongst them producing only the gas necessary for supplying
all the others. For immediately extinguishing these burners when they are fed
by simple capillarity I may arrange above the holes in the jet device a bent tube
terminating in a funnel which is turned so as to receive the vapours which continue
to leave for collecting them in the hydrocarbon reservoir where they become mixed
with the liquid.
In order to obtain the means for regularly feeding the various apparatus placed
on the same pipe under pressure and to prevent leakages I have made the
following arrangements:
In the interior of a reservoir placed above the series of burners I fix a tube or
coil which continues through the liquid the supply tube, and I wind it flat at the
bottom of the reservoir; in any case this tube or coil must be of a sufficient
length to present great flexibility. The free extremity of this tube or coil is
attached to a lifting apparatus of any kind, for instance a chain with a lever and
counter-weight. When the feed must be stopped I raise the said tube or coil
whose free extremity is open, out of the liquid, and for the feed it is sufficient to
let the extremity of this tube or coil dip more or less into the liquid in the
reservoir. This arrangement is very practical when it is desired to ensure the
constant feed of a series of apparatus by means of a system of pipes in com-
munication with a single reservoir placed in an elevated part of a building.
For discharging the liquid which remains in the pipe after the extinction of the
apparatus or in case of repairs I may have recourse to an arrangement of a system
of pipes.
From the reservoir placed in an elevated part of the building passes a pipe at a
sufficient inclination for the liquid which is contained in the pipes to be able to be
completely expelled therefrom by the simple effect of the atmospheric pressure
when the pipe or coil hereinbefore alluded to in the description of the reservoir is
raised out of the liquid. From this pipe extend the branch pipes which feed each
an apparatus, and which are continued a little below these apparatus in order to be
united with a second pipe likewise inclined, at the lower extremity of which is
placed a small reservoir. This lower extremity is closed by a cock, and the upper
extremity of this second pipe may be connected with the first pipe at a very near
point to its supply by a by-pass pipe. When the feed has been stopped by the
raising of the pipe or coil out of the liquid in the reservoir, and when it is desired
to completely empty the pipes I open the cock which is at the lower end of the
second pipe and allow the contents to flow into the lower reservoir whence I may
convey the same back to the upper reservoir. If use is made of the by-pass pipe
it is very easy to effect the repair or cleaning of the first pipe without any

page_text: necessity for interrupting the working; the apparatus may then be supplied
through the by-pass and second pipes, by closing the first pipe with the aid of a
cock placed close to the reservoir. Another cock placed in the by-pass pipe closes
the latter ordinarily.
Dated this 2nd day of May 1896.
HASELTINE, LAKE & Co.,
45 Southampton Buildings, London, W.C., Agents for the Applicant.
Improvements in and relating to Apparatus for Automatically
Producing and Burning Vapour from Oils and Hydrocarbons.
1, RENÉ AUGUSTIN POITRIMOL, of 10 Rue Barbette, Paris, in the Republic
of France, do hereby declare the nature of this invention aud in what manner the
same is to be performed, to he particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement :-
In the Specification of my former Patent No. 6245 dated March 26th 1895 it is
stated that I have found that the apparatus in which the liquid comes directly into
combustion in the form of vapour or gas, are fed irregularly and only light slowly,
they become choked with dirt producing smoke, they are difficult to regulate and
finally the flames from their burners, affected by drops of liquid coming into the
vaporiser, are unsteady.
The present apparatus is based on the same principles as that described in the
specification of the aforesaid former patent but is especially intended for incan-
descent purposes.
The apparatus forming the subject of the present invention possesses none of the
above-mentioned inconveniences, and in the construction of this apparatus I have
endeavoured to achieve the following results:
(1) A regular and continuous feed with the aid of a tube in which the outflow is
proportional to the consumption, either through spongy materials filling the tube
and allowing the liquid which is to be vaporized to filter gently through; or
through a more or less close filter which the liquid traverses by capillarity or by
pressure; or by furnishing this feed tube with a regulating apparatus placed in
front of the inlet for the liquid to the boiler.
(2) A mode of energetic heating by bringing a vaporizer of suitable form of
small dimensions and light weight in direct contact with the flame from the
burner.
(3) The mixing of the hydrocarbon gas formed under automatic pressure with
much air before the arrival in the burner, in order to form and conduct a gas of
hot carburetted air leaving the burner at a sufficiently great velocity for ensuring
the perfect combustion and for giving a smokeless and steady flame.
Before commencing with the description of the apparatus it is necessary to
observe that what may be quite practical when the consumption of spirit or alcohol
is concerned is no longer the case when burning heavy oil weighing 800 grammes
and upwards per litre. It is evident that in order to be gasified the heavy oil
requires a much higher temperature than spirit or alcohol, but that on the other
band the gas produced needs a longer period for becoming mixed with the
necessary air intimately enough in order to be suitable for the combustion; in
other words in order to form carburetted air. If by too low a temperature the
gas were only converted into vapours, drops of liquid would enter the flame, burn
imperfectly and give rise to smoke; and if on the contrary the temperature were
high enough for gasifying the oil, and should the portion of the passage which this
gas traverses in contact with the air before reaching the flame be too short for
enabling it during this time to become intimately mixed with the air, the result

page_text: would be that the gas and air would arrive at the burner, not as an intimate
mixture such. as is necessary for obtaining a hot flame, but in. juxtaposed columns.
If for instance the oil gas could be coloured blue and the air red, it would be seen
that should the outflow of the gas be too close to the burner, this,gas and the air
drawn in would arrive at the burner in two columus, one blue and the other red,
and that the violet colour resulting from the intimate mixing, would appear only at
a certain distance beyond the burner; whereas, if the distance between the outlet
of the gas and the, burner is great enough the two columns will be seen upon the
part of the passage which is in front of the burner, and the violet colour will be
formed within the burner or a little in front.
As it would hardly be practical to have one source of heat for gasifying the oil
and another burner for consuming the carburetted air pro luced, the following
consequences ensue :
(A) In order to consume in a burner carburetted air, the carburetted hydrogen
gas of which has been produced in a vaporizer heated by the same burner with the
aid of oil it is necessary to cause the carburetted hydrogen gas to, make a circuit,
passing partly through a sufficiently hot pipe for the gas formed not to be
equdensed again, and partly through the open air in order that upon this part of
the circuit the carburetted hydrogen gas may become intimately mixed with a
sufficient quantity of air, by carrying it away, for changing the same into
carburetted air.
(B) The heavier the liquid used for the combustion, the longer the circuit will
have to be, and the longer must be the part of this circuit in which the gas jet is
in contact with the air."
(C) The heavier the liquid used, the longer the length of pipe, or lengths of
pipes if there are several supplies, will have to circulate in the flame of the burner
in order to obtain the necessary high temperature for the gas which has been
formed not to be condensed again wholly or partly before its arrival at the outlet
of the burner. In order that the gas jet, during that portion of its passage where
it is in contact with the air, may not become cool again I may arrange the pipe,
which is raised by metallic conductibility to a high temperature, in such a manner
that the gas jet will touch it; I may for instance have several supplies and several
pipes of a reduced section which are grouped together to form a cluster, and which
are enclosed in a tube open to the air, and into which the gas jet resulting from
the union of these pipes is projected in order to form carburetted air therein.
It is evident from what has just now been set forth that an apparatus constructed
for burning heavy oil may also burn spirit, light oil or alcohol, but that an apparatus
constructed for burning this latter class of liquids is not suitable for burning heavy
oil. Besides the questions which have just been dealt with it is needful to take into
consideration the means for preventing the leakage, in the apparatus, of mineral
oil the fluidity of which is very great. Certain valves have indeed ensured the
perfect tightness of the reservoirs with regard to the outer surface of the apparatus,
but in the long run the leakages of the liquid took place in the interior of the feed
pipes, and the necessary security was not achieved. It has therefore been
necessary to have recourse to a new arrangement which will hereinafter be
described.
The oil necessary for the feed may be stored up either in a reservoir placed at a
certain height above all the apparatus to be fed, or in a lower reservoir from which
the oil is raised by air pressure into small supplementary reservoirs situated above
the burners.
The invention is illustrated by way of example in the accompanying drawings in
which,
Figure 1 is a longitudinal section through a central plane, showing a con-
structional form of an apparatus based on the principles hereinbefore set forth.
Figure 2 represents a vertical section of another mode of constructing the
apparatus forming the subject of the invention, also based upon the same
principles.

page_text: Figures 3 and 4 represent a vertical section and a plan of a reservoir furnished
frith means herein before referred to for preventing leakage; and
Figure 5 is a diagram showing a system of pipes upon which a certain number of
apparatus operate with the aid of a common reservoir.
In the arrangement' représented in Figure 1, H designates the féed pipe bent
above the burner F.so as to form a vaporizer at this part and to be acted upon by
the flames from its burner.
"
This tube might form only a single branch terminating in the flames; but för
facilitating the construction, mounting and cleaning; the feed gains in many cases
by being ensured on several sides.
To obviate counter-pressure the feed tube H is partly filled with spongy,
permeable capillary material, or arranged so as to produce capillarity or molècular
division; for example asbestos threads, the closeness of which is easily calculated
and through which the liquid under pressure filters in a suitable mannier, have given
good results. I may also obviate a great portion of the counter-pressure by
causing the liquid designed for feeding the apparatus to pass through a device
composed of a box containing superposed layers of felt or other filter materials às
represented at S.
At the most intensely heated parts of the feed tube H, forming a vaporizer at
its upper portion, I provide for one or more supplies of vapours by means of
pipes L which pass specially and apart into the flames, and which, being
introduced into the interior of the burner F and into the burner tube 1 wherein
the mixing of the gas and air takes place, are conducted to M at the open extremity
of this tube I.
The other extremity of this burner tube I forms the burner F which is composed.
of a kind of funnel more or less closed by a disc K which may be adjusted
towards or away from the burner F by means of screws C so as to regulate the
outflow of the gas.
The liquid being conveyed under pressure by any means through the supply
tube P, the apparatus operates in the following manner :
Before opening the pipe for the liquid, with which the supply tube P is in
communication, I beat by any suitable means the burner F and the upper part
of the tube H forming the vaporizer, until, these parts are at the desired
temperature for enabling them to vaporize the hydrocarbon employed; then I
admit the liquid, which, passing through the filter materials or the device forming
a filter like the box S containing felt, flows through the branches of the feed tube H.
and is vaporized immediately on arriving at its upper part.
The vapours entering the pipes L from said feed tube are superheated therein,
become gasified, precipitate towards the extremities of these pipes, and leave under
pressure at N through one or more holes in the form of one or more powerful.
jets which, carrying the air with them, become mixed with it and form gas of hot
carburetted air which feeds the burner where it is then consumed perfectly in the
form of a blue flame.
From this moment it is by the sole action of the flame from the burner that
the vaporization of the hydrocarbon is maintained. By this arrangement, the
beat being maintained sufficiently great up to the extremity of the pipes .L,
placed in the interior of the hot gas pipe, condensation is avoided, and it is
under great pressure that the gasified vapours leaving at N can become auto-
matically mixed in the necessary quantities with the air carried away.
The apparatus then operates without interruption until the moment when the
admission of liquid into the supply tube P is stopped.
If the feed tube H is filled for example up to its curved part with cotton or
asbestos, in contact with the cotton wicks dipping into a reservoir, the feed may be
obtained by simple capillarity; the apparatus will then operate better in proportion
as the bydrocarbon used is lighter.
The modified form of burner represented in Figure 2 is constructed on the same
principle.

page_text: The tube H forming a burner at its extremity, is divided into two branches h
for the sake of the harmony of the lines and the facility of the mounting and
construction it is filled in the interior for. instance with asbestos threads to its
upper part. Its two branches traverse the extremity of the burner in order
to form interiorly a fork and allow only a single tuhe to extend above its
burner.
The supply of vapours takes place through the pipe L which is directly heated,
specially and apart, by the flames, and which is prolonged to the open extremity M
of the tube I and terminating in a part N pierced with one or more small holes.
At the other extremity of the burner tube I is the burner F. This burner is
composed of a wire gauze or perforated plate, through which burns with a blue
flame the hydrocarbon transformed, after mixing, into gas of hot carburetted air.
The mode of setting this apparatus in operation is the same as that hereinbefore
described with reference to Figure 1.
After the development of an initial heat by any appropriate means the liquid
conducted in the two branches of the fork through the asbestos threads is vaporized
at the extremity of the feed tube H forming a vaporizer, and the vapours super-
heated and gasified by their passage through the pipe L leave under pressure
at the jet N in order to become mixed with the surrounding air and supply the
burner with gas of hot carburetted air, in the form of a blue flame without odour
or smoke, and producing an intense heat.
The feed tube H may present various forms in the burner, where it performs
the part of a vaporizer; it may also be continued for conducting the super-
heated and gasified vapours, to the holes in the jet device N; it would thus
replace the pipe L. When made of a small diameter it may even penetrate into
the interior of the burner tube I by the side of the jet device N so as to simplify
the mounting.
As hereinbefore set forth, I may obtain a regular and continuous feed without
any necessity for placing meshes or spongy materials of any kind whatsoever, in
the feed pipe, and without causing the liquid to traverse filters or other devices
designed to obviate counter-pressures, this being achieved by providing the feed
tube with a regulating apparatus in front of the point where the liquid arrives in
the vaporizer.
By then regulating with the aid of this apparatus the uninterrupted arrival of
the liquid to be gasified proportionately to the quantity of gas consumed by
the burner I obtain a regular and continuous flame not influenced by counter-
pressure. With the aid of these burners I easily effect the heating to incandescence
of most of the bodies capable of producing light. Several burners may be grouped
together, one or more amongst them producing only the gas necessary for supplying
all the others. For immediately extinguishing these burners when they are fed
by simple capillarity I may arrange above the holes in the jet device Na bent
tube terminating in a funnel which is turned so as to receive the vapours which
continue to leave for collecting them in the hydrocarbon reservoir where they
become mixed with the liquid.
In order to obtain the means for regularly feeding the various apparatus placed
on the same pipe under pressure and to prevent leakage I have made the
following arrangements.
In the interior of a reservoir a, Figures 3 and 4, placed above the series of
burners I fix a tube or coil c which continues through the liquid the supply tube P,
and I wind it flat at the bottom of the reservoir, in any case this tube or coil c
must be of a sufficient length to present great flexibility. The free extremity of
this tube or coil c is attached to a lifting apparatus of any kind, for instance a
chain with a lever and counter-weight, as represented in Figure 3. When the
feed must be stopped I raise the said tube or coil c, whose free extremity is open,
out of the liquid, and for the feed it is sufficient to let the extremity of this tube
or coil e dip more or less into the liquid in the reservoir. This arrangement is
very practical when it is desired to ensure the constant feed of a series of apparatus

page_text: by means of a system of pipes in communication with a single reservoir placed in
an elevated part of a building.
For discharging the liquid which remains in the pipe after the extinction of the
apparatus or in case of repairs I may have recourse to an arrangement of a system
of pipes like that shown in diagram in Figure 5.
From the reservoir A placed in an elevated part of the building passes a pipe B
at a sufficient inclination for the liquid which is contained in the pipes to be able
to be completely expelled therefrom by the simple effect of the atmospheric
pressure when the pipe or coil c herein before alluded to in the description of the
reservoir is raised out of the liquid. From this pipe B extend the branch
pipes C, which feed each an apparatus D, and which are continued a little
below these apparatus in order to be united with a second pipe E likewise
inclined, at the lower extremity of which is placed a small reservoir F. This
lower extremity is closed by a cock, and the upper extremity of this second pipe E
may be connected with the first pipe B at a very near point to its supply by a
by-pass pipe C indicated in dotted lines in the figure. When the feed has been
stopped by the raising of the pipe or coil c out of the liquid in the reservoir, and
when it is desired to completely empty the pipes I open the cock which is at the
lower end of the pipe E and allow the contents to flow into the lower reservoir F
whence I may convey the same back to the upper reservoir. If use is made of
the by-pass pipe C₁it is very easy to effect the repair or cleaning of the pipe B
without any necessity for interrupting the working; the apparatus may then be
supplied through the pipes C E by closing the pipe B with the aid of a cock
placed close to the reservoir. Another cock placed in the by-pass pipe C¹ closes
the latter ordinarily.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what 1
claim is :-
First. In a heating apparatus designed for furnishing a blue flame, and in which
heavy or light oil or hydrocarbon in general can be consumed at will, a vaporizer
directly heated by the sole flames from the burner fed either by capillarity with
the aid of wicks or other materials capable of producing molecular division, or by
causing the liquid to traverse a filter box with the object of obtaining, by a pipe
under pressure, a continuous and regular feed, and to obviate counter-pressures, or
by providing the feed tube before the inlet for the liquid to the boiler with an
apparatus designed to regulate this uninterrupted arrival of the liquid pro-
portionately to the quantity of gas consumed by the burner, for resisting the
counter-pressures, substantially as described.
Second. In a heating apparatus designed to furnish a blue flame, and in which
heavy or light oil or hydrocarbons in general can be consumed at will, the com-
bination, with a vaporizer such as described in the first claim, of one or more
supplies of vapour heated specially and apart by the flames from the burner, and
continued directly and without any intermediary, by one or more pipes designed
to conduct to the burner the hydrocarbon gas formed, after mixing it intimately
with the quantity of air necessary for forming carburetted air, before its arrival
in the burner, substantially as described and represented by way of example in the
accompanying drawings.
Third. In a reservoir designed to feed a series of apparatus of the kind set forth
in the second claim a flexible tube fixed to the bottom of the reservoir and con-
tinuing the feed pipe through the liquid, and whose free extremity may be raised
out of the liquid when the feed is to be stopped, substantially as described and
represented in the accompanying drawings.
Fourth. For feeding a series of apparatus, such as described in the first claim,
an inclined pipe upon which the several apparatus are branched, the branches being
connected below the apparatus with a second inclined pipe terminating in a small
B

page_text: reservoir, with the object of emptying the pipes when the feed has been arrested,
and obviating leakage, substantially as described and represented in the accom-
panying drawings.
"Dated his 11th day of 'Inle 1886
HASELTINE, LAKE & Co.,.
45 Southampton Buildings, London, W:O., Agents for the Applicant.