Finishing Countersunk Rivetting.
Year: 1884

page_text: .
Finishing Countersunk Rivetting.
I, WILLIAM FREDERICK GILMER, of Charlesville, Claughton, Birkenhead, in the
County of Cheshire, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of said invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINES FOR PUNCHING OR RIVETTING AND FOR FINISHING
COUNTERSUNK RIVETTING," to be as follows :-
My invention relates to certain improvements on the punching and rivetting
machines worked by hydraulic steam or other pressure described in my specifica-
tion No 3586 Feb: 19, 1884 and N° 6010 April 5, 1884 and to a tool to be used
in connection with such rivetting machines from dressing off the heads of flush
countersunk rivetting.
The improvements consist firstly in the construction of the main frames of the
machine by which a great saving of material (and consequently of weight) is
effected while equal strength is obtained; secondly, in the method by which the
machine is attached to or detached from bracket girders already firmly secured
by the tension bults passing through the structure to be punched or rivetted by
which method these operations are much simplified and time is saved in detaching it
from a finished range of work and refixing it over a fresh range and, thirdly in the
application to the machine, when used as a rivetter, of a tool worked by hydraulic,
steam or other pressure for dressing off the heads of countersunk flush rivetting.
In constructing the main frames of the machine I dispense with the longitudinal
girders, substituting for them strong stay bolts, the ends of which are screwed,
right and left, and pass through similarly tapped holes in transverse girders.
A cross frame extends between each pair of these girders and travels upon them
in suitable guides, by screw or other gearing. One frame carries the hydraulic or
other cylinder, with the punching or rivetting tool, and the other frame carries the
die or holding-up tool respectively attached to or forming part of heads moveable
longitudinally in the cross frames, by screw or other gearing, and thus the punching
or rivetting tools can be moved by their transverse and longitudinal motion to any
point within the area of the machine, allowance being made for the space occupied
by the heads longitudinally and by the cross frames transversely.
To fix the machine in working position strong brackets girders are first secured
in position on each side of the structure by means of the tension bolts at such
a distance apart as to suit the length of machine.

page_text: These bracket girders are fitted on their backs with levers by operating which
locking bolts are caused to enter into notches formed on the inner faces of the
transverse girders of the machine and these locking bolts combined with the longer
arms of the levers, which form straps over the outer faces of the transverse girders,
fix the machine firmly to the structure. The transverse girders can be adjusted to
meet varying distances apart of the tension bolts through structure (as in a ships
hull to take the frames) and of the bracket girders secured by these bolts, by
means of the right and left hand screws in ends of stay bolts which, being operated
together by suitable hand gear, cause the girders to move nearer to or further from
each other on the stay bolts.
The cross frames carrying the punching, or rivetting heads and the die, or
holding-up tool, are provided with means of allowing this movement of the cross
frames without interfering with their operation.
The machine in this improved form may of course be fitted to operate by levers
in the manner and for the purposes fully described in my specification N° 6010
of April 1884.
It is proposed to have a duplicate set of tension bolts and bracket girders to fix
in advance ready to receive the machine.
The tool for dressing off the heads of countersunk flush rivetting is attached to
the back end side or other convenient part of the rivetting cylinder, or on the
levers in those forms of the machine, and consists of a small engine (preferably
three cylinder bydraulic) working direct or by bevil gearing a drill spindle to the
end of which is fitted a cutter of suitable form, and this drill spindle is fitted with
hand or automatic feed to regulate the cut. The cutter follows the rivetting tool
dressing off the head of one rivet while another is being closed and thus no time
is lost in going twice over the same work. When countersunk flush rivetting is
not required the cutting tool is raised and put out of operation.
Dated this 22nd day of November 1884.

page_text: Finishing Countersunk Rivetting.
I WILLIAM FREDERICK GILMER of Charlesville, Claughton, Birkenhead in the
County of Cheshire Engineer do hereby declare the nature of said invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINES FOR PUNCHING OR RIVETTING AND FOR FINISHING
COUNTERSUNK RIVETTING to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement:-
"
My invention relates to certain improvements on the punching and rivetting
machines worked by hydraulic steam or other pressure described in my Specifi-
cation No 3586 February 19th 1884, and N° 6010 April 5th 1884, and to a tool to
be used in connection with such rivetting machines for dressing off the heads of
flush countersunk rivetting.
The improvements consist firstly in the construction of the main frames of the
machine by which a great saving of material (and consequently of weight) is
effected while equal strength is obtained; secondly in the method by which the
machine is attached to or detached from bracket girders already firmly secured by
the tension bolts passing through the structure to be punched or rivetted by which
method these operations are much simplified and time is saved in detaching it
from a finished range of work and refixing it over a fresh range, and thirdly in
the application to the machine when used as a rivetter of a tool worked by
hydraulic steam or other pressure for dressing off the heads of countersunk flush
rivetting.
In constructing the main frames of the machine I dispense with the longitudinal
girders substituting for them strong stay bolts the ends of which are screwed
right and left and pass through similarly tapped holes in transverse girders.
A cross frame extends between each pair of these girders and travels upon them in
suitable guides, by screw or other gearing. One frame carries the hydraulic or
other cylinder either direct acting or by a lever with the punching or rivetting
tool and the other frame carries the die or holding up tool either direct acting or
by a lever respectively attached to or forming part of heads moveable longitudi-
nally in the cross frames by screw or other gearing, and thus the punching or
rivetting tools can be moved by their transverse and longitudinal motion to any
point within the area of the machine (when direct acting) allowance being made
for the space occupied by the heads longitudinally and by the cross frames
transversely.
To fix the machine in working position strong bracket girders are first secured
in position on each side of the structure by means of the tension bolts at such a
distance apart as to suit the length of machine.
These bracket girders are fitted on their backs with levers by operating which
locking bolts are caused to enter into notches formed on the inner faces of the
transverse girders of the machine and these locking bolts combined with the longer
arms of the levers, which form straps over the outer faces of the transverse girders,
fix the machine firmly to the structure. The transverse girders can be adjusted to
meet varying distances apart of the tension bolts through structure (as in a ships
hull to take the frames) and of the bracket girders secured by these bolts, by means
of the right and left hand screws in ends of stay bolts which, being operated

page_text: together by suitable hand gear, cause the girders to move nearer to or further
from each other on the stay bolts.
The cross frames carrying the punching or rivetting heads and the die, or
holding up tool, are provided with means of allowing this movement, of the cross-
frames without interfering with their operation.
The machine in the improved form may of course be fitted to operate by levers
in the manner and for the purposes fully described in my specification No 6010 of
April 1884.
It is proposed to have duplicate set of tension bolts and bracket girders to fix in
advance ready to receive the machine.
The tool for dressing off the heads of countersunk flush rivetting is attached to
the back end, side or other convenient part of the rivetting cylinder or on the
levers in those forms of the machine, and consists of a small engine (preferably
three cylinder hydraulic) working direct or by bevil gearing a drill spindle to the
end of which is fitted a cutter of suitable form, and this drill spindle is fitted with
hand or automatic feed to regulate the cut. The cutter follows the rivetting tool
dressing off the head of one rivet while another is being closed and thus no time
is lost in going twice over the same work. When countersunk flush rivetting is
not required the cutting tool is raised and put out of operation.
DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS.
On the accompanying two sheets of drawings I have illustrated my invention in
some of the forms in which I propose to carry it into practical application. The
machines are shewn as rivetters for which purpose they will be generally applied
but it will be readily seen that in modified forms they may be used for punching.
On sheet 1, Figure 1 is a side elevation of a direct acting rivetter and Figure 2
is an end elevation of same in working position on the hull of an iron ship or
similar large structure. 2. 2, are the main cross girders connected together by
strong stay bolts 1. 1, (corresponding to the main longitudinal girders in the other
machines) the ends of which are screwed right and left and work in similarly
tapped bushes in ends of cross frames so that by turning the bolts 1. 1 together by
the connecting gearing shewn at ends, the cross girders 2. 2, are moved nearer to or
further from each other and thus adjust themselves to suit the position of the
tension bolts through holes in the structure. 3, 3, are frames, with struts resting
against the structure, and through slotted openings in these the tension bolts 4. 4
pass and are secured by nuts. The frames 3. 3 are fitted with levers 10. 10 which
can be operated by handles 11. 11, and connecting links 12, so as to cause bolts to
engage in notches 13, formed in backs of cross girders 2. 2, and thus to secure the
machine firmly to the frames 3. 3 already fixed to the structure by the tension
bolts 4. 4. The frames 6. 6 work transversely upon the cross girders 2. 2. by screw
gearing and carry sliding heads 7. 7a, which are worked longitudinally by screwing
gearing, 7 carrying the hydraulic cylinder 8 with rivetting tool 9. and 7a the
holding up tool 9a adjustable by a screw.
The fixing frames 3, 3, and the tension bolts 4, 4, are proposed to be in duplicate
so as to be fixed in advance ready to receive the machine over a fresh range of
work and the process of detaching from one set of frames and attaching to the
advance frames is very quickly effected by the locking bolts and notches previously
referred to. Although I have described the holding up tool as being a fixed point,
adjusted by a screw it may in some cases be attached to the ram of another
hydraulic cylinder and thus pressure be applied at both ends of the rivet the
diameter of cylinders being proportioned accordingly.
It will be seen that in order to secure this machine in any of the forms described
by tension bolts passing through rivet holes in the structure, certain seams must
be left open as the machine progresses from one range of rivetting to another and
in order to enable the machine to rivet these seams as well as to enable it to work
in corners and places difficult of access I shew on same sheet one form of a machine

page_text: in which projecting levers carry the rivetting cylinder and holding up tool and in
this form the inachine is capable of entirely replacing the direct acting machine
or it may in some cases supplement it.
Figure 3 is a side elevation of such a machine and Figure 4 an end elevation of
same-As in the direct acting machine, 1, 1, are the stay bolts, 2. 2. the cross girders,
3. 3 the frames with struts resting against structure to which they are secured
by tension bolts 4, 4, 10, 10, are the levers operated by handles 11. 11, and
links 12. 12; to engage bolts in notches 13, 13, on backs of frames 2, 2. 6, 6ª, are
the frames working transversely upon the frames 2. 2 and carrying sliding
heads 7. 7a.
These sliding heads in this case carry the centres of levers 14 and 14 the
projecting end of lever 14 being fitted with the hydraulic cylinder 8, working in
trunnions formed in a jaw piece 15 which fits into a socket on end of lever on
which it can be rotated by worm gear 16 so as to cause the cylinder 8 and the
rivetting tool 9 to swivel to any angle to the structure relatively to the centre
line of the lever. The lever 14ª carries the holding up tool 9 which is also fitted
in a socket so as to swivel to an angle.
In order to give to the levers a radial action they are secured to the sliding
heads 7. 7 so that they can be rotated to either side of the centre line by means
of worm gearing 17 and thus close up rivets which would otherwise involve
altering the position of the sliding heads and of the frames 6. 6. The tail ends of
the levers are attached by jaw ends (18) and trunnions fitting to a frame extending
backward and adjustable fulcrums (19) by means of which the angles of levers
relatively to the structure being rivetted can be altered. The fulcrum points 19
moves also radially on the heads 7. 7 with the radial movements of the levers.
On sheet 2, Figure 1 is a section through the hydraulic cylinder of a rivetting
machine working on trunnions in the projecting jaw of a lever and having
attached to it the tool for dressing off heads of countersunk rivets. Figure 2 is a
plan of same and Figure 3 is a section on line A B of Figure 2 showing the
internal construction of the hydraulic engine.
The arrangement of parts of the hydraulic rivetting cylinder especially as to the
mode of bringing back the piston after a rivet has been closed forms a part of my
invention which is applicable to any other form of rivetting or punching machine
whether actuated by water steam or air and I will therefore describe it with
reference to Figures 1 and 2.
1 is the hydraulic rivetting cylinder working in trunnion bearings in jaw of
lever. 2 is the main piston the central portion of which 3 representing the
equivalent of a rod is hollow and forms a sinall cylinder 4 in which is a piston 5
on end of a rod 6 secured in upper end of main cylinder 1. The rod 6 has a small
channel 7 through its centre cominunicating at top with a similar channel 8
opening out at side of main cylinder 1 and at bottom with interior of small
cylinder 4 and through these channels the water is admitted and is constantly
acting against the underside of main piston 2 to force it upward upon the rod 6
upon which it works with proper packing. The main piston 2 is guided by a
die 9 in main cylinder and the rivetting tool 10 (which may to meet some cases
be curved as dotted) is fixed in a socket 11 in bottom of piston rod 3. The water
to operate the piston en-closing a rivet is admitted above it from the accumulator
and discharged on return stroke in the usual way.
પ
On Figures 1 and 2 are also shewn the mode of attaching the dressing tool to
main rivetting cylinder in any arrangement of the latter. A hollow frame 12
curved to the outer circumference of the cylinder 1 and attached to it so as to have
a radial motion, has fitted within it another frame 12ª which carries the hydraulic
three cylinder engine 13 with three throw crank shaft 14 working in bearings 15
properly fitted. The shaft has on its lower end a pinion 16 working into another
pinion 17 with sleeve boss on the spindle 18 on bottom end of which is the cutter
holder 19 and at top end the spindle is fitted with a feed screw 20 and hand
wheel 21.

page_text: The radial movement of the frame 12 (and with it of the dressing tool
spindle 18) is effected by a worm spindle 22 working into a worm wheel 22
fixed on top of cylinder 1. Besides this radial motion a direct motion to or from
the centre of main cylinder is provided for by the frame 12 being fitted so as to
slide on hollow frame 12 by the operation of a screw 24 and hand wheel 25 and
thus any variation in the pitch of rivets is allowed for.
On Figure 3. 14 is the three throw shaft, 15 the bearings and 16 the pinion.
26. 27 and 28 are the hydraulic cylinders working in trunnion bearings 29 in
frame 12. 30, 31 and 32 are the rams, 33 are the water passages from valves 34
through the trunnions to and from cylinder.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim is
First. In punching or rivetting machines capable of operating over a considerable
area before requiring to be moved the construction of the main frames of the
machines substantially as shewn and described.
Second. In such punching or rivetting machines the mode of attaching the
machine to or detaching it from bracket girders already secured by tension bolts to
the structure to be operated upon substantially as shewn and described.
Third. In punching or rivetting machines of the type described and illustrated,
or in ordinary machines, whether fixed or portable and operated by steam air
water or other fluid the use of any auxiliary fixed piston upon which a small
cylinder formed within the main piston (or that part of which is equivalent to its
rod) works in such a manner as to draw back the main piston and with it the
punching or rivetting tool by the pressure of water or other fluid acting within
the small cylinder substantially as described and illustrated by Figure 1, Sheet 2.
Fourth. The direct acting punching or rivetting machine consisting of the
several parts in combination substantially as described and illustrated by Figures 1
and 2, Sheet 1.
Fifth. The lever punching or rivetting machine consisting of the several parts
in combination substantially as described and illustrated by Figures 3 and 4,
Sheet 1.
Sixth. The application to and use in conjunction with such rivetting machines
or other forms of rivetting machines, of a tool for dressing off the heads in flush or
countersunk rivetting, fitted to the rivetting cylinder so as to have a radial motion
independently of the motion of rivetting cylinder and with or without the arrange-
ment for adapting it to various pitches of rivets substantially as described and
illustrated by Figures 1, 2 and 3, Sheet 2.
Seventh. The tool for dressing off heads of rivets in flush or countersunk rivetting,
comprising the several parts in combination, constructed and operating substantially
as described and illustrated in one form of its application, by Figures 1, 2, 3 and 4,
Sheet 2.