Year: 1898

page_text: .
I, EMILE ANDREOLI, of 147, Cold Harbour Lane, Camberwell, in the County
of London, Journalist, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
This invention relates to improvements in the construction of ozonisers round
or over which the ozone is generated.
Such ozonisers consist of vacuum tubes which are provided with a suitable
internal electrode or armature of any shape and surrounded with an open-work
electrode or arinature such as wire, gauze, trellis, wire netting, discs, half-discs,
network and the like, so that the ozone produced by the glow of the silent
discharge between the dielectric and the external armature finds its way through
the spaces, meshes, holes, etc., of the external armature and spreads out in the
ambient air. The external armature or electrode may be in contact with the
dielectric but it is more advantageous to leave a small space between it and
the dielectric.
The glass tube or bulb may contain a metallic rod or several rods or spiral
wires or serrated wires cylinders and the like, or metallic powders or filings
acting as an electrode, but which do not necessarily fill up the tube. The said
tube is surrounded by an armature composed of flat thin rings connected together
by bars and which may be provided with points on their inner peripheries or
of other equivalent contrivances. The points on the rings may be all of the
same length with the exception of a few which are made longer to keep the
other points away from the bulb or tube.
A series of rods or bars of aluminium, having notches corresponding to the
thickness of the rings holds together the rings which are tightly inserted in the
said notches.
The outside armature is shorter than the tube or bulb; if of equal length, a
spark would be produced between the end of the internal electrode and the
armature.
The points may be, as above mentioned, of uniform length with the exception
of a few longer points which prevent the shorter points making contact with the di-
electric envelope. Sometimes, however, although the result is not quite so
good, the glass, and the external electrode are left in contact.
Other suitable means for keeping the external armature which surrounds the
vacuum tube apart from the glass consist in making the central part of the vacuum
tube slightly swollen. A few points, asperities or edges of the armature rest on
this part, but everywhere else along the tube the edges or points of the armature
are only in close proximity to the tube.
The internal electrode may have a smooth or a roughened surface and be of
any desirable form or metal.
My vacuum tube or bulb, instead of producing as in ordinary ozone tubes
merely the feeble glow of the effluvium between the glass and the external
armature, is filled' with a crepuscular light, when made of white glass, the said

page_text: light varying in tints when the glass from which the tube is made is coloured.
To this light is added the glow of the effluvium formed on the points of the
armature. The rarefied gas around the interior rod or other electrode serves as
a good conductor and therefore the electrostatic induction is effected instan-
taneously through the glass of the tube or bulb notwithstanding the space between
them between the points or edges or asperities of the exterior armature and the
central wire or metallic rod or other electrode of the glass tube or bulb. The
internal electrode does not give light and is not even brought to a red heat. Were
there no vacuum in a tube or bulb, containing a central rod as an electrode,
there would be no light and hardly any ozone; in such a case the internal
electrode ought to have a larger surface and ought to be as close as possible to
the external electrode.
The luminosity has nothing to do with the ozone and by suitably adjusting
the distance between the electrodes of the vacuum I can produce ozone alone with-
out luminosity; this is one object of this invention.
I may dispense with an armature which entirely surrounds the tube and have
simply halves of point bearing discs which are arranged as saddles on the tube.
A vacuum tube or several vacuum tubes can be placed between two point
bearing grids or on one grid only, or between two trellis work or gauze armatures,
or on one trellis work or gauze armature acting as external electrodes.
Several tubes can be connected together and the conductors of their poles
screwed on the terminals of the secondary circuit of the induction coil.
Dated the 23rd day of September 1898.
G. F. REDFERN & Co.,
4, South Street, Finsbury, London, Agents for the Applicant.
I, EMILE ANDREOLI, of 147, Cold Harbour Lane, Camberwell, in the County
of London, Journalist, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in
what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement:-
This invention relates to improvements in the construction of ozonisers round
or over which the ozone is generated.
Such ozonisers may consist of vacuum tubes which are provided with a suitable
dielectric, internal electrode or armature of convenient shape and surrounded with
an openwork electrode or armature such as discs, half discs, network or the like,
so that the ozone produced by the glow of the silent discharge between the
dielectric and the external armature finds its way through the spaces, or other
apertures, of the external armature and spreads out in the ambient air.
Vacuum tubes of ozonisers of this kind have been described in the Specification
of Letters Patent granted to me No. 21707 dated November 14 1893, but I have
modified and improved them, and part of this invention refers to such improved
construction, or new arrangement by which the production of ozone is facilitated.
Such improved ozonisers may also be made of glass tubes, in which no vacuum
has been produced.
Fig. 1 shews a vacuum tube and its internal and external electrodes, mounted
in a stand. Fig. 1 shows a sectional view thereof broken on the
line C of Fig. 1. Fig. 2 shows the external armature in side
elevation. Fig. 3 shows a disc which may be of aluminium. Fig. 3
the. like with points. Fig. 4 shows one of the bars c², which serve to.con-
.

page_text: nect the discs c¹ to form the armature c. Fig. 5 is a side view partly in
section of a tube and internal armature showing the slightly swollen portions a¹ a
in the glass for the purpose of preserving the distance between the external
armature and the dielectric by means of these swellings as hereafter referred to,
and so as to serve as distance pieces between those parts.
The vacuum tube a may contain a metallic rod or several rods, or wires of
any convenient shape, or cylinders and the like, or metallic powders or fine
particles, to act as an electrode, but which do not necessarily fill up the tube a.
The said tube a is surrounded by an armature e composed of flat thin rings c¹
connected together by bars c². These rings may be provided with points . on
their inner peripheries, or other equivalent contrivances. The points on the
rings may all be of the same length with the exception of a few which are made
longer to keep the other points away from the bulb or tube. Sometimes, how-
ever, although the result is not so good, the glass and the external electrode are
left in contact.
A series of rods, or bars, of aluminium, c, having notches c, corresponding
to the thickness of the rings c¹ holds together the rings which are tightly inserted
in the said notches.
The points of the rings may be as above mentioned of uniform length with
the exception of a few longer points which prevent the shorter points making
contact with the dielectric envelope.
Other suitable means for keeping the external armature apart from the glass
tube consist in making the central part of the vacuum tube slightly swollen or
enlarged. Or a plurality of such slightly swollen or enlarged parts may be.
provided in the length of the tube. A few points, asperities or edges, of the
armature rest on this swellen part, or on these swollen parts; or edges of plain
rings may touch thereon at one or more places, but everywhere else along the
exterior of the tube the edges or points of the armature are only in close
proximity to the tube and not in contact. The distance between the external
electrode and the dielectric should be about one millimetre.
The internal electrode may have a smooth or a roughened surface and be of
any desirable form or metal.
My ozone vacuum tube is filled with a crepuscular light when the induction
current is passing through it, but the luminosity has nothing to do with the
production of ozone.
When the production of ozone without luminosity is required, I attain this
portion of the objects of the invention by making use, instead of a rod in the
centre of a vacuum tube, of a cylinder of aluminium foil & which is applied so
as to be near the dielectric and the external armature and therefore by its
conductivity absorbs th electrostatic energy so as not to leave any to produce
illumination of the inside of the tube.
When I do not use a vacuum tube, but an ordinary glass tube inserted in an
external armature, a central rod is not sufficient as an internal electrode-the
atmospheric air instead of being a conducting is an insulating body and owing to
this, and also to the thinness of the rod and to the distance between the two
electrodes there will be no luminosity in the tube and hardly any ozone, or
no ozone at all is produced.
In order to obviate this, I may have in the tube a cylindrical internal tube of
a suitable metal-such as copper, tin, aluminium-not readily oxidizable by
ozone, and I arrange this internal electrode in contact with or near to the interior
surface of the glass tube, which tube may be closed at its ends or not; or I
arrange the internal electrode at a small distance therefrom; or I have the inside
surface of the glass metallized, that is to say, coated by one of the known means
for that purpose with a metallic film with which a proper electric contact will
be provided.
Fig. 5 indicates in section such a tube, with the internal electrode next the
glass a indicated by the letter d.

page_text: I do not confine myself to the use of an external armature made of point bearing
discs. For instance my invention includes the use of metallic rings of flat form
such as indicated by Fig. 3 in edge view and side view respectively. Instead
of these discs, I substitute in some cases, metallic wires or ring pieces, or wire
or band in spiral form.
Vacuum tubes may be used with metal or carbon in a fine state of division
acting as the internal electrode and which need not be in contact with the wires
which connect the tube to one of the poles of the induction coil.
The metal or carbon in a state of fine division when used as the internal
electrode in a vacuum tube is in its action similar to that of the metallic particles
in a "cohera."
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
1 claim is:-
In an ozoniser:-
1. The construction, arrangement and use of the ozone tube either with or
without vacuum, so that a small and adjusted interval or space may be maintained
between the dielectric and the external armature, by forming an enlargement
or enlargements, of the tube at the central, or other parts thereof to act as distance
pieces and for the external armature to rest against, as and for the purpose
hereinbefore set forth.
2. The construction and use of an external armature composed of flat discs and
connections therefor (said discs being unserrated on their internal circumference,)
between which and the dielectric the glow of the silent discharge produces the
ozone, as set forth.
3. The construction and use of an ozone tube in which no vacuum exists with
a metallic layer or coating on the inside of the dielectric and acting as an internal
electrode, so as to minimise resistance between the external electrode and said
dielectric, as and for the purpose set forth.
4. The use of metal or carbon, in a fine state of division, and in a thin layer or
spreading, constituting in a vacuum tube the internal electrode, said electrode
not being in contact with, but separate from the metallic connection between
the vacuum tube and the coil, as and for the purpose set forth.
5. The use of metal or carbon in a fine state of division, and in a thin layer
or spreading, constituting in a vacuum tube the internal electrode, said electrode
being in contact with the metallic connection between the vacuum tube and the
coil as and for the purpose set forth.
6. An external armature such as described in Claim 2 in combination with a
vacuum tube, provided with distance preserving enlargement or enlargements,
suitable electrical connections, and an internal electrode constituted by metal
or carbon in a fine state of division, as set forth.
Dated the 22nd day of June 1899.
WM. BROOKES & SON,
55 & 56, Chancery Lane, London,
Agents for the Applicant.