matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN LAMPS FOR BURNING HYDROCARBON AND OTHER OILS
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Henry James Simmons at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
28th May 1867.
I, GEORGE HENRY JAMES SIMMONS, of 41, Stanhope Street, Hampstead
5 Road, Middlesex, London, Clerk, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN LAMPS FOR BURNING HYDROCARBON AND OTHER
OILS," to be as follows:-
In performing my Invention I employ a receptacle of any form or shape to
contain the oil, such receptacle having but one opening at its base for the
entrance and exit of the oil; fastened over such opening on the inside of such
receptacle is a dome of wire gauze; attached by means of a screw into the
receptacle are two tubes of unequal length; attached to the shorter tube is a
stop-cock to allow of the removal of the receptacle when containing oil without
its spilling; the other end of the tubes are inserted into a small chamber. The
ends of the tubes screwed into the receptacle containing the oil are level with
each other, but the ends attached to the small chamber are not level with each
other, the effect of which is the oil flows from the opening of the longer tube until
it reaches the opening of the shorter tube, thereby preventing the admittance
of the atmosphere to the receptacle containing the oil, and preventing more oil

page_text: I
flowing from the receptacle until required by the burner or burners; attached to
the small chamber is a tube or tubes to conduct the oil to another small
chamber or chambers (protected with wire gauze at the bottom), in which is
contained the wicks for the burners, and also to which is attached the burner or
burners.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CASK STANDS
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederick William Russell at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
16th November 1867.
I, FREDERICK WILLIAM RUSSELL, of Stoke Newington, in the County of
Middlesex, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN CASK STANDS," to be as follows :-
My improvements in cask stands relate to a means by which the cask may
be readily tilted without disturbing the liquid contained. I provide a suitable
stand or base, across the top of which near the middle is mounted a bar, the
ends of which form trunnions working in bearings in the side frame. This
transverse bar forms a lever for tilting a cradle placed on the base or stand
when the bar is raised on being partially rotated in its bearings. The cradle
is formed of a suitable frame of wood hinged at its front end to the base
frame, the rear end being free to rise for the purpose of tilting the cask
placed upon said cradle. On one end of the transverse bar projecting from
the side frame is fixed a hand lever, by means of which the transverse bar is
partially rotated for the purpose above mentioned; this hand lever is fixed on
the transverse bar in nearly the same plane with the lever formed thereon,
but in the opposite direction, so that when the cask is first placed on the
stand with the cradle resting its whole length upon the base frame the hand
lever will be in a more or less horizontal position alongside the stand, whereby

page_text: simply depressing the hand lever the transverse bar will be partially rotated
raising the lever formed thereon and with it the cradle, thus gradually tilting
the cask. The cradle is held in its raised position by the end of the bar
taking into a recess made in its under side for the purpose.
IMPROVEMENTS IN JUMPING OR SKIPPING Hoops
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Garrett Tongue at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 23rd March
1867. A communication from abroad by Charles Lyman Browne, of
the City of Brooklyn, in the County of Kings, and State of New York,
United States of America.
I, JOHN GARRETT TONGUE, of the Firm of Tongue & Birkbeck, Patent
Agents and Engineers, of 34, Southampton Buildings, Chancery Lane, in the
County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN JUMPING OR SKIPPING Hoops," to be as follows:-
The nature of this Invention consists of improvements in the arrangement
or construction of jumping or skipping hoops to be used as substitutes for the
ordinary skipping rope, being formed of a stiff though it may be more or less
elastic strip or bar of wood or other suitable material bent into the shape of
a bow, with sides or extensions preferably contracting towards their ends,
which are united by a cross bar that may either be rigidly connected with
said ends so as to turn in the hands, or be pivoted thereto so that it may be
held firmly in the hands while the bow revolves around it. The sides which
form part of or extensions to the bow of the skipping hoop it is preferred
should be made to contract or incline towards each other as they branch from
the bow, the ends of which contracted portions are afterwards united by a
hand cross bar, that may be connected with said ends by means of metallic
socket braces and screws, which constitute a socket and pivot for the bow to
revolve upon or about. Or the hand bar may be made a fixture by mortising

page_text: the bar and tenoning the ends of the sides to fit the same, and suitably securing
such junction of the bar and sides.
In another modification, according to this Invention, the cross or hand bar
is fitted with loose or freely revolving hand sleeves or bands of metal or other
material, which when held by the hands in working the hoop allow of the free
rotation of the hand bar within them, just as the pivot and socket connection
of the hand bar in the first described arrangement admits of the steady hold
of the bar by the hands and free rotation of the remainder of the hoop on or
around it, whilst in the second modification, herein described, the hoop is
rotated in the hands themselves by their free hold of the fixed cross bar.
Other changes may be made in the construction or shape of the hoop with-
out altering the distinctive character of these improvements.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PREPARATION OF CANVAS AND OTHER SIMILAR MATERIALS FOR ENLARGING, PRINTING, AND DEVELOPING OBJECTS PROM NEGATIVES OR POSITIVES OBTAINED BY MEANS OF PHOTOGRAPHY
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Julius Maria Loewe at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 8th July
1867.
I, JULIUS MARIA LOEWE, of 15, Devonshire Terrace, Notting Hill, in the
County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PREPARATION OF CANVAS AND OTHER SIMILAR MATERIALS
FOR ENLARGING, PRINTING, AND DEVELOPING OBJECTS PROM NEGATIVES OR POSITIVES
OBTAINED BY MEANS OF PHOTOGRAPHY," to be as follows:-
I prepare linen, cotton, silk, and other similar material by giving it, firstly,
a solution of 2 ounces of gelatine dissolved in 10 ounces of water; I then
treat it in the manner herein-after described with reference to the canvas. I
take canvas prepared in the ordinary way for photographic purposes, that is,
by using oxide of zinc or lead, and I avoid the use of iron instruments, and
use instead thereof those formed of ivory or wood for spreading the coating upon
the canvas;
I then add 1 ounces of virgin wax dissolved in essence of lavender
to one pint of turpentine. The canvas is prepared with three coatings and
dried spontaneously, and when dry I dissolve 60 grains of iodine of zinc in
2 pints of distilled water and with half a potatoe and very fine pounded
pumicestone; rub this solution on the canvas, and dry it with a soft flannel
till the surface becomes brilliant.
In carrying this Invention into effect I further use the following three
solutions. The 1st for printing out or developing the object on canvas by

page_text: sunlight; the 2nd, for enlarging by artificial light, and the 3rd for printing by
contact in a pressure frame :-
First Solution. To the albumen of 100 eggs I add 10 pints of distilled
water, 10 ounces of chloride of sodium, 5 ounces of chloride of ammonia, 60
grains tartaric acid, 1½ ounces carbonate of soda, 2 ounces iodine of potas-
sium, 1 ounce iodine of ammonia, ½ ounce bromide of potassium, ounce
bromide of ammonia, ounce pure iodine, 20 grains nitric acid, 120 grains
chloride of gold, 1 pint of sulphuric æther saturated with virgin wax, beaten
together, and filtered in a funnel hermetically sealed. The solution remains
5 or 6 minutes on the material, which when dry is rubbed over with a
soft flannel until a shining surface appears.
Second Solution for Enlarging by Artificial Light.-I use the same chemicals
described in solution No. 1, in the same proportions, but add 3 ounces
chloride of ammonia, 2 ounces of magnesium, 120 grains of pure iodine, 120
grains iodine of lythium, and 60 grains of iodine of cadmium.
Third Solution for Printing in a Pressure Frame by Contact.-To two parts
of distilled water I add one part of solution No. 1, and add 150 grains of
chloride of sodium, and 8 grains of gold to each pint.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CANDLESTICKS
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel Clarke at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 14th March 1867.
I, SAMUEL CLARKE, of 110, Albany Street, Regent's Park, in the County
of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN CANDLESTICKS," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in candlesticks. In con-
structing candlesticks, known as "universal candlesticks," where the socket
for the candle is surrounded by a gallery to receive a glass and both are fixed
to a circular foot having a fixed handle on one side in place of making the
whole of metal as heretofore, I combine the socket and gallery of such &
candlestick with a foot of wood, or of japanned paper ware; the gallery and
the central tube forming the socket is fixed to a base plate of metal; the
base plate is formed with a hole through it in the centre for the passage of a
screw, which is passed through the bottom of the socket tube and penetrates
into the foot of wood or of japanned paper ware, or the fixing of the parts
together may be otherwise performed. The base plate is by preference also
recessed to receive the foot, and the handle is fixed to the gallery. By these
means the candlestick may be made cheaper and lighter, and the socket and
gallery can be readily taken apart from the foot, and it can be more readily
repaired than like candlesticks made wholly of metal.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR SPINNING AND DOUBLING COTTON OR OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Shaw at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 16th February 1867.
I, JOHN SHAW, of Oldham, in the County of Lancaster, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR
APPARATUS FOR SPINNING AND DOUBLING COTTON OR OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS," to
be as follows:-
My improvements relate to the spindles and flyers in the mechanism termed
throstles, employed for spinning or twisting fibrous materials, and consist in
connecting the "wharve" and flyer to each other by means of a tube
extending from the wharve to the flyer, this tube carrying the flyer and
wharve revolves in bearings in the bolster rail, the said rail being formed in
two parts in order to form supports for the tube above and below the wharve.
The tube and flyer driven by the wharve revolves upon the ordinary spindle
which is supported and revolves in footsteps secured to the bottom rail, which
I employ as and instead of the "copping rail" the legs of the flyer extend
upwards from the tube above the bolster bearings, and where high velocity is
required the flyer is formed of three or more legs projecting upwards from a
disc secured to the tube, the extremity of the flyer legs being connected
together by means of a ring, which effects greater steadiness and rigidity, the
necessary drag" being obtained by means of a cord passing round the
spindles below the bolster rail. This arrangement enables fibrous material to
be spun at an increased speed and with great economy in power, as the tube,
wharve, and flyer are considerably lighter than the ordinary throstle spindle.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF MOTIVE-POWER ENGINES
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Shaw at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 15th February
1867.
I, ROBERT SHAW, of Preston, in the County of Lancaster, Blacksmith,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
CONSTRUCTION OF MOTIVE-POWER ENGINES," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to a new distribution or arrangement of the parts of
motive-power engines driven by steam, water, or other elastic or so-called
inelastic fluid at pressure, and has for its object to provide a compact and
durable engine suitable for general use.
Within a cylinder provided with a valve to regulate the admission of the
steam or other fluid I place a piston made longer or deeper than those now in
use. The said piston is caused to reciprocate, as in ordinary motive-power
engines, but instead of having the usual piston rod connected thereto and led
away through the end of the cylinder to a crank or its equivalent connected
to the shaft to make such shaft rotate it, the said piston is fitted with an
excentric and guide or crank within itself. The said excentric or crank is
secured on the main shaft which passes transversely through the cylinder and

page_text: piston, and by these parts the reciprocatory motion of the piston is converted
into rotatory of the main shaft.
tions, and appurtenances requisite
provided.
Bed plate, framing, bearings, connec-
in ordinary motive-power engines are
IMPROVEMENTS IN MEANS OR APPARATUS FOR SIGNALLING BETWEEN DIFFERENT PARTS OF RAILWAY TRAINS
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Offord at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 7th June 1867.
I, JOSEPH OFFORD, of Wells Street, Oxford Street, in the County of Middle-
sex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN MEANS OR APPARATUS FOR SIGNALLING BETWEEN DIFFERENT PARTS OF RAILWAY
TRAINS," to be as follows:-
The Invention bhas for its object improvements in means or apparatus for
signalling between different parts of railway trains, and relates more parti-
cularly to means whereby the passengers may, when required, call the attention
of the guard or other person in charge of a train to the particular compart-
ment where his presence is desired. For this purpose I employ a lamp, which
under ordinary circumstances is below the roof of the carriage, and when
required serves to light such carriage, but which is provided with suitable
guides in such manner that when a passenger requires to call the attention
of the guard or other person the lamp may be pushed up so as to show a light
above the roof of the carriage, and in order that such lamp when raised may
be kept in that position until lowered by the guard or other person from the
outside or other suitable position out of reach of the passengers I connect
therewith racks and catches or other suitable means. The lamp is connected
to a semaphore or other suitable signal in such manner that when the lamp
is raised it at the same time raises or turns the signal, and when the lamp is
lowered the semaphore or other signal is also lowered or turned so as to be
out of sight.
AN IMPROVED RAILWAY CARRIAGE BREAK
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Pierre Demeure at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 24th December
1867.
I, PIERRE DEMEURE, of 76, Rue Croix Nivers (Grenelle) Paris, in the
Empire of France, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"AN IMPROVED RAILWAY CARRIAGE BREAK," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to an improved construction and adaptation of
railway carriage break intended to act on the ballast or road, instead of on
the wheels and rails, and consists of main supporting horizontal bars applied
to the lower framework of the carriage on each side, such bars being actuated
after the manner of the ordinary wheel break by means of a vertical handle
shaft and wheel, which operates on a cogged wheel and rack in connection
with the bars; from one end of the bars an oblique connecting rod is joined,
and is attached to the break hereafter described. At the point of junction
of this rod and the break another oblique rod is attached extending from
the rack, and below this rod a second connecting rod is extended to the end
of the break to steady the same. The break is applied between the front and
rear wheels of the carriage at the side, and consists of a serrated or notched
shoe composed of iron and having two uprights or standards thereon, within
which a spring is adjusted, and the connection between the break and the
suspending rods is formed by a vertical swivel which bears upon the spring.

page_text: The various joints or bearings should be provided with springs of metal or
india-rubber to deaden the shock or jar of the break, which when lowered
from the side of the carriage drags along the ballast or road of the railway,
and brings the train to a stop in a very short period of time.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF FIRE-PROOF AND OTHER CEILINGS AND FLOORS
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Tomlinson at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 1st May
1867.
I, JOHN TOMLINSON, of Carlisle, in the County of Cumberland, Plaster of
Paris Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF FIRE-PROOF AND OTHER CEILINGS AND
FLOORS," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in the construction of fire-
proof and other ceilings and floors. I employ as heretofore wooden joists,
and immediately underneath them I set up a temporary platform, and I then
run in between the joists a cement of plaster of Paris mixed with other
materials, or otherwise. In this way the space between the joists may be filled
up solid with cement, and a smooth surface formed upon it over the top of the
joists may serve as the floor, or ordinary flooring boards may be laid on the
joists over the cement.
In order to hold the cement securely between the joists I prefer either to
make the joists taper wider on their lower sides than their upper, or I nail or
fix fillets on the sides of the joists, which by becoming embedded in the cement
hold it securely.
In order to lighten the structure I prefer to leave hollows between the top
and bottom surfaces of the cement and in between the joists and those
hollows may be obtained by enclosing tiles of earthenware, or it may be cast

page_text: from the cement itself between the top and bottom surfaces of the cement;
these tiles are by preference of arch-like form, and rest upon fillets nailed to
the joists on either side, or in place of this arrangement the cement may be
filled in only a part of the way up.the joists; and then on the top of the joists
there may be a strong lathing, and another coat of cement on an ordinary floor
may be laid on the top of the joists.
In order to produce an ornamental ceiling or moulding I employ on the
temporary platform on to which the, cement is run from the top, as already
described, moulds having the required ornaments-or-pattern formed in them, so
that when the temporary platform and moulds are removed the ceiling is
left complete or nearly so. Or ornamental tiles may be arranged on tho
temporary platform, and the cement being run in upon them they become
held so as to form an ornamental surface to the ceiling. The floors and
ceilings of staircases may be formed according to my Invention and a fireproof
staircase will thus be obtained.
AN IMPROVED MODE OF LUBRICATING THE STUFFING BOXES OF STEAM ENGINES AND PUMPS, AND OF RENDERING THE PACKING FOR SUCH OR OTHER MACHINES OR APPARATUS WATERPROOF AND MORE DURABLE THAN HERETOFORE
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Edward Newton at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
9th May 1867. A communication from abroad by Abraham Littlewood,
Francis W. Bloodgood, and Henry Dirks Ostermoor, all of New York
City, in the United States of America.
I, WILLIAM EDWARD NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery Lane;
in the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED MODE OF LUBRICATING THE STUFFING
BOXES OF STEAM ENGINES AND PUMPS, AND OF RENDERING THE PACKING FOR SUCH
OR OTHER MACHINES OR APPARATUS WATERPROOF AND MORE DURABLE THAN
HERETOFORE," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in the application of paraffine to the stuffing boxes
or other joints of steam engines or other machinery by admixture of it with
the other materials used in packing, as cotton, for instance, or it may be used
alone.
Paraffine is that residuum of kerosene oil or petroleum that is made in the
form of wax for candles and other purposes; petrolia is another name for the.
same thing, both being a residue or extract from coal oil. Make a composition.
of paraffine cotton or hemp and you have cotton and hemp more durable.
than heretofore known; apply the paraffine to the frictional surface of any
packing in the stuffing box and you have less friction. It may be applied to
any packings by melting and pouring it, or by softening it by gentle heat and.
compressing it into the required form; or it may be broken or dripped or

page_text: grated when cold. A thorough saturation of the fibrous material is usually
necessary where there. is water or condensed steam in the joint. In some
other cases the coating of the outer surface is necessary only. The lubricating
substance is applied by passing the packing rope through the paraffine in a
melted state, and when it cools a coating of wax remains upon the surface.
It may be applied between layers of fibrous material.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF COUPLINGS FOR DRIVING BELTS
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Henry Chase at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
23rd December 1867.
I, WILLIAM HENRY CHASE, junior, of Brixton Hill, in the County of
Surrey, Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF COUPLINGS FOR DRIVING BELTS," to
be as follows:-
This Invention relates to an improved coupling for driving bands or belts,
by the use of which a great economy of time will be effected in coupling up
the ends or taking in the slack of driving belts. The coupling I propose to
make for the sake of economy of cast iron, but wrought metal may be used
if thought desirable. The coupling consists of a flattened tube of sufficient
width to embrace the ends of the belt or band to be coupled up, and its depth
at either end somewhat exceeds the thickness of the belt. In longitudinal
section a tube takes the form of a double wedge tapering towards the ends.
The middle of the tube is open transversely to admit of the insertion of loose
wedges, which when placed between the ends of the band and, say, the upper
side of the tube will serve to grip the band firmly, tightening its hold as the
pull on the band is increased. To prevent the band ends from slipping I
propose to roughen the contact surfaces of the coupling and the loose wedges
so that they may bite the strap firmly, and for this purpose I either corrugate
these surfaces or rib them transversely with ratchet teeth. To keep the

page_text: metallic coupling of the same width I narrow the ends of the band to the
extent of the thickness of the sides of the tube to allow of their insertion in a
coupling, the outside measurement of which corresponds in width with the
width of the band. This form of coupling it will be understood admits of
driving bands or straps receiving either butt or lap joints.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN SPRINGS TO BE APPLIED TO DOORS AND FOR SIMILAR PURPOSES
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Henry Cooke at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
9th December 1867.
I, WILLIAM HENRY COOKE, of Oldham, in the County of Lancaster, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN
SPRINGS TO BE APPLIED TO DOORS AND FOR SIMILAR PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to that description of door springs wherein the
pressure or spring action is obtained from the torsion of a metal rod or wire,
and is designed for the purpose of either producing extra torsion when the
spring becomes weak, or of reversing the direction of the torsion of the wire
so as to make the same spring when fitted retain a door box cover or other
similar appliance open or closed, or of releasing the wire from torsion so that
the spring may only be used when necessary.
The improvements consist in applying to one end of the rod or wire a small
wheel, the periphery being slotted, drilled, or ratchet toothed, into which slots,
holes, or teeth a sliding plate or bolt is introduced to retain and prevent the
wheel yielding to the torsion of the spring and turning; the fitting supporting
the end of the wire and wheel being so arranged that the retaining plate or
bolt enters into or passes through it so as to form a strong support for the
end of the plate or bolt. Thus by forming the extremity of the wire square

page_text: and applying a key, having previously removed the plate or bolt, the wire may
be twisted to an extra degree than when originally fitted, and by replacing
the plate the extra torsion remains, or the direction of the torsion may be
reversed, or by removing the plate or bolt the wheel wire turns in the fitting
without any torsion.
A NEW OR IMPROVED CANDLESTICK
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Ramus du Pré at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 26th February
1867.
I, HENRY RAMUS DU PRÉ, of Shellingford, in the County of Berks, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "A NEW OR IMPROVED
CANDLESTICK," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to a novel construction of candlestick, the object
being to enable the candle to be elevated or lowered as required by mechanical
means, and also to cause the entire consumption of the materials forming the
candle, thus obviating the waste hitherto created by the use of the ordinary
candlestick.
I propose to construct the holder or tube of the candlestick of a band of
metal, twisted on a mandril in such manner as to form a helical coil with
open spaces between each coil or twist; the lower extremity of the coil
terminates in a vertical stem, which is inserted in the base of the candlestick ;
the upper part of the coil is chamfered off and curved, so as to form a screw
terminating in a flattened rim. The support of the candle is formed of a cup
or hollow chamber of metal let in between the internal periphery of the
helical open tube, and secured by an arm on each side extending through the
belical spaces, these arms being curved to form finger pieces, whereby when
the support or candle holder is turned to the right or left it will travel up or
down the helical grooves after the manner of a screw, and thus elevate or
lower the candle in the tube.

page_text: By this Invention a far superior light for reading or writing can be
obtained, inasmuch as by the improved candlestick when a new candle is
fixed the light can be lowered nearer to the reader or writer, but in the
ordinary candlestick the flame is so far removed from the level of the table
that much of the light is lost.
In some cases I propose to improve the appearance of the candlestick by
enclosing the open helical tube in a true cylinder or tube, in which case I
employ a thumb piece or milled edged button communicating with an arm
which turns in a slot cut round the base of the candlestick, the arm working
a shaft set in a loose socket underneath the support within the inner helical
open tube, by which means the candle may be elevated or lowered by turning
the thumb piece in one direction or the other, the whole of the interior portion
of the holder being concealed from view. The metal may be plated or gilt,
or may be of silver as required.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE AND TREATMENT OF CERTAIN KINDS OF IRON
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Wood at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 27th July
1867.
I, JOHN WOOD, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Ironfounder,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE MANUFACTURE AND TREATMENT OF CERTAIN KINDS OF IRON," to be as
follows:-
My Invention consists of the improvements, herein-after described, in the
manufacture of such kinds of cast iron as are capable of being annealed. Iron
of this kind is commonly called by manufacturers malleable iron.
My Invention further consists in treating or annealing the said malleable
iron. In making the said cast iron according to my Invention I take pig or
cast iron, by preference bematite pig iron, and to one part by weight of the said
pig iron I add from one-third of a part to one part by weight of scrap steel
or wrought iron, and I melt the mixture together in a crucible or cupola ;
the larger the proportion of steel or wrought iron the stronger and the tougher
will the resulting cast iron be. The cast iron made in the manner described
is cast in the usual way.
In annealing cast iron made in the manner described I use powdered
charcoal, and I effect the annealing in the usual way, excepting that I heat
the cast articles in the said powdered charcoal or subject them to the annealing

page_text: process during a much shorter time than when the annealing is effected
by the use of hematite or Cumberland ore, as is usual. Cast iron made.
according to my Invention may however be annealed by the use of hematite
or Cumberland ore, but I prefer to use charcoal when large articles are to be
annealed and hematite when small articles are to be annealed, or when the
articles are required to be very soft.
IMPROVEMENTS IN INDIA-RUBBER MATS
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Pomeroy Dodge at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 3rd
October 1867.
I, GEORGE POMEROY DODGE, of No. 79, Upper Thames Street, in the City of
London, India-rubber Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN INDIA-RUBBER MATS," to be as follows:-
The said improvements relate chiefly to mats for cleansing the feet forined
of strips of india-rubber interwoven or plaited together and afterwards united
by vulcanizing, and the said improvements consist in using twisted or spiral
strips instead of the flat strips hitherto employed. Each spiral strip may
either be formed by twisting one flat strip into a spiral form or of several
pieces braided or twisted spirally together. These spiral strips when woven
into a mat form an excellent imitation of a rope fabric, and the sharp edges
produced in all directions by the twist of the strips present a cleaning surface
greatly superior to that of the india-rubber mats now in use. The spiral strips
may be interwoven together diagonally or otherwise within flat pieces which
form the exterior or sides of the mat, and the whole is then vulcanized in tho
usual manner.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE WHEELS OF TRACTION ENGINES
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Forman at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 12th October
1867.
I, HENRY FORMAN, of Chellaston, near Derby, Farmer, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE WHEELS OF
TRACTION ENGINES," to be as follows:-
The wheels of traction engines as ordinarily made slip or do not bite the
ground when ascending inclines or when drawn on soft ground.
The object of my Invention is to remedy this defect by constructing the
tyres or peripheries of the wheels of the said engines in the manner herein
described, so as to cause them to grip or adhere to the ground.
My Invention consists in making on the tyres or peripheries of the said
wheels a series of projecting bands or plates of iron or steel, the said bands or
plates being situated by preference equidistant from each other. The said
bands or plates pass in an inclined or oblique direction from side to side of
the tyre or periphery, the said bands or plates somewhat resembling in con-
figuration, but broader than the threads of a quick-threaded screw or the
threads of a worm wheel. The bands or plates on one wheel are disposed so
as to run from right to left, and those on the opposite wheel to run from left
to right. By this means the engine is made to travel in a straight line, the
tendency of one wheel to move out of a straight line being neutralized by the
other wheel.

page_text: By constructing the wheels of traction engines in the manner described, the
said wheels are made to grip or bite the ground over which they pass, and all
slipping in ascending inclines or passing over soft ground is prevented, and
the engine is capable of drawing heavier loads than when it is provided with
wheels of the ordinary kind.
I do not limit myself to any particular inclination of the bands or plates
upon the tyres or peripheries of the wheels, as the said inclination may be
varied, and in order to givé greater adhering power to the wheel each of the
bands or plates described may have a groove or channel running down its
middle. The bands or plates may either be fixed to the tyre or periphery of
the wheel by screws or bolts and nuts, or in any other convenient manner, or
the said bands or plates may be cast with the tyre or the wheel, or the said
bands or plates may be formed on the tyre or wheel by cutting or otherwise,
making grooves in the tyre or wheel so as to leave bands or plates projecting
therefrom.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MUSICAL WIND INSTRUMENTS CALLED TROM- BONETTES
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Carlo Miuasi at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 29th May
1867.
I, CARLO MINASI, of No. 15, College Place, Camden Town, in the County
of Middlesex, Professor of Music, do hereby declare the nature of the said.
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MUSICAL WIND INSTRUMENTS CALLED TROM-
BONETTES," to be as follows :-
I divide my Invention into six parts, namely,
1. In the present trombonette the whole of the reed notes to be sounded
are placed in a continuous line in one slide. My first improvement consists.
of dividing the notes and placing the reeds, sounding the diatonic scales on
one side of the slide, and on the other side of the slide the reeds sounding the
accidentals. By these means the sliding action of the trombonette is much
shortened and playing facilitated.
2. 1 sound the notes of the diatonic scales by moving the slide, as at
present, but I sound the accidentals by means of moving the slide as at
present, and of a spring valve fixed to the air passage of the instrument, and
which when pressed shuts off the air to and silences the reeds of the diatonic
scales, but allows air to pass through and sound the accidentals at will in any
succession.
3. I place a key or keys on the instrument, so that by applying pressure
to such key or keys air is admitted, and two or more notes are sounded'

page_text: together, thus varying at pleasure the musical sounds evolved from the
instrument.
4. In the present instruinent the place on the slide at which the various
notes are sounded is indicated by an indicator on the exterior and marks or
lines on the slide. Instead of these lines I place numbers or letters on the
exterior sliding tube of the instrument in full view of the player, the note
represented by any such number or letter being soundable when brought
opposite the indicator. By these means if the notes of the music are num-
bered or lettered to correspond a person not acquainted with music can play
the instrument.
5. In another form of the instrument I place the reeds sounding the
accidentals in one sliding tube, and the reeds sounding the diatonic scales in
another sliding tube running parallel, and by means of a spring valve I admit
the air at will to the tube containing the accidentals, or vice versa.
6. By means of fastening the reeds to their several apertures by the reverse
end to that by which they are fastened in the present instrument the several
notes can be sounded in the order and succession in which they are sounded by
the slide of the present trombone, namely, the highest note being sounded
when the slide is fully extended; whereas, in the present trombonette the
lowest note is sounded at the full extension of the slide. By means. of my
plan the trombonette conforms to musical scales.
IMPROVEMENTS IN DYEING CARDED OR COMBED WOOL OB HAIR
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Henry Johnson at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 15th March
1867. A communication from abroad by Arthur Talon and Edmond
Solignac, of Paris, in the Empire of France.
I, JOHN HENRY JOHNSON, of 47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the County of
Middlesex, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN DYEING CARDED OR COMBED WOOL OB HAIR," a communi-
cation to me from abroad by Arthur Talon and Edmond Solignac, of Paris,
in the Empire of France, to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to a mode of dyeing combed or carded wool or hair
which has not been spun so as to reserve portions thereof either undyed if
bleached wool or hair be operated upon, or of a different tint or shade if two
shades are required.
In carrying out this Invention it is proposed when using two colors or
shades first to dye the whole of the wool or hair of the required tint or shade
in the ordinary well-known manner, and then to submit the wool or hair to a
second bath composed of a dye of deeper shade or tint; but in order to reserve
the original tint of certain portions thereof it is proposed to protect such parts
from the action of the second bath by covering or lapping such portions
tightly with india-rubber bands, or lappings of other suitable material, so as

page_text: to compress the wool or hair firmly at those parts and prevent the access
of the dye thereto; the result is a dyed wool or hair of two distinct tints or
shades. It is obvious that the lapping and compression may be applied to
portions of bleached wool or hair if it be desired to reserve portions thereof
undyed, in which case one bath of dye only may be used.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ILLUMINATING GAS
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederick John Evans at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
11th January 1867.
I, FREDERICK JOHN EVANS, of the Chartered Gasworks, in the City of
Westminster, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ILLUMINATING GAS," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to the treatment or preparation of materials from
which it is intended to produce illuminating gas, whereby a better coke is
obtained, and a gas having a high illuminating power produced.
According to the first part of my Invention I reduce cannel coal, parrot
coal, shales, or other similar substances to a fine state of division by grinding
or otherwise, and mix such finely divided coal in any desired proportion
with ordinary bituminous coal, which has also been reduced to a fine state of
division; or I grind or reduce the two classes of coal together, and charge the
retorts or gas-producing apparatus therewith in the ordinary manner. By
thus preparing and intimately mixing together the two classes of coal before
introducing them into the retorts 1 obtain a more uniform and superior
quality of coke and gas of a higher illuminating power.
According to the second part of my Invention I take bituminous coal in a
ground or pulverized state and grind up or intimately mix therewith resin,
resin oil, or coal tar in suitable proportions according to the quality of the
coal employed and the required illuminating power of the gas to be produced.
The gas retorts are charged with this pulverized compound and treated in the

page_text: ordinary manner for producing gas, and the compound by coking in the
retorts produces a valuable coke suitable for fuel.
In lieu of using this compound, that is to say, the compound of resin, resin
oil, or coal tar and coal, or other carbonaceous materials, herein-before men-
tioned, in its powdered state, it may during or after the process of mixing or
grinding be submitted to a sufficient temperature so as to cause the con-
stituents to adhere or agglomerate, which agglomerated material may be
compressed into blocks of any desired form suitable for transport, and may be
used in the retorts in the same manner as ordinary coal.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN MACHINERY FOR WINDING YARN AND THREAD
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Cheetham Hill at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 11th March
1867.
I, HENRY CHEETHAM HILL, of Stalybridge, in the County of Chester,
Manager, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN MACHINERY FOR WINDING YARN AND THREAD," to be as follows:-
The object of my Invention is to remove loose impurities or snarls from the
yarn or thread as it passes from the cops or bobbins supplied to the winding
machine to the bobbins or spools on to which it is to be wound, and to
prevent the passage of the yarn or thread in case of any twisted snarls or
thick places.
In performing my Invention the yarn in passing from the cop or bobbin
is taken over a vibrating guide rail, and then between steel or other plates
fixed to a rail; these plates are made perfectly smooth on their edges and they
are fixed to the rail by set screws, leaving the desired space for the passage
of the yarn or thread between the edges of each plate, the yarn or thread is
then taken over the usual guide rail and wound as usual on the bobbin or
spool; by this means each yarn or thread is moved to and fro in the slit
between the edges of the plates, thereby preventing the accumulation of
impurities in the slits.
A IMPROVED METHOD OF LIGHTING HOUSE AND OTHER FIRES
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Lawrence Lowe Leaver
and Aaron Smalley at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 29th July 1867.
We, WILLIAM LAWRENCE LOWE LEAVER, Draper, of Blackburn, in the
County of Lancaster, and AARON SMALLEY, Draper, of Preston, in the County
of Lancaster, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "A
IMPROVED METHOD OF LIGHTING HOUSE AND OTHER FIRES," to be as follows:-
First, we fix on or apply to some convenient part of the gas tubes in the
house, building, or office (as may be required) one end of an elastic or flexible
tube made of any material found most suitable and terminating at the other
end in a metal extremity, which said extremity is made with one or more gas
jets or burners.
Second, this part of our Invention containing the gas jets or burners is
then put in the place where the fire is required to be lighted or kindled, the
gas being ignited in the said jets or burners, and the coal or combustible
being placed so that the flame from the said jets or burners may come in
contact with it till the said fuel is sufficiently ignited, when the apparatus
may be removed till required to be used again.
Third, we likewise further accomplish the object of this Invention in the
following manner :-We dispense with the aforesaid metal extremity and
make one or more of the front bars of the fire-grate hollow, which said hollow.
bar or bars are each made with one or more gas jets or burners, and
connected by piping with some convenient part of the gas tubes of the house,

page_text: office, or building, the said hollow bar or bars being either made fast in their
places or made so that they can be turned round in their places so that the
gas jets or burners may be turned away from the fire when not in use.
Fourth, with a fire-grate of the above description the coal or combustible
is put into the grate and the gas turned on by means of a cock, so that it
may pass into the hollow bar or bars of the grate and out at the jets or
burners, where it is ignited; the whole is then left till the fuel is sufficiently
lighted, when the gas may be turned off.
AN IMPROVED MEANS OF DRAINING MINES, COAL PITS, AND OTHER PLACES FROM WHENCE IT IS DESIRED TO RAISE WATER
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Matthews at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 25th March
1867.
I, WILLIAM MATTHEWS, of Tipton, in the County of Stafford, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED MEANS OF DRAINING
MINES, COAL PITS, AND OTHER PLACES FROM WHENCE IT IS DESIRED TO RAISE
WATER," to be as follows:-
The primary object of this Invention is by the means herein-after explained
to drain mines and coal pits, but it may be employed generally to raise water
from a low to a high level.
The part of my Invention to which I will first refer consists in providing a
double-action force pump, which is placed in a proper position at the bottom
of the shaft; this pump may be worked by any motive power it is convenient
to employ, but by preference steam power is employed, and in the description
herein-after contained steam power is supposed to be referred to.
Heretofore it has been usual when a pit is about to be drained to erect the
engine and boiler upon the surface at the mouth of the pit, action being com-
municated to the pump below by means of a connecting rod which goes from
the beam down to the pump it is proposed to work. In this manner a great
deal of the motive power is consumed by the said connecting rod, which is
necessarily long and of great weight, besides which, being so cumbersome, a
considerable expense is necessarily caused in keeping the apparatus in proper
working order.

page_text: Now according to my Invention the engine and boiler and all the
apparatus which supplies the motive power is placed below the surface, by
preference at the bottom of the shaft. The advantage of this obviously will
be that for the same amount of force now employed three or four times the
quantity of water may be raised by reason of the whole motive power being
brought to bear directly upon the object it is sought to attain, instead of its
being partially absorbed by the connecting rods and other like cumbersome
apparatus which form a necessary part of the present system of draining.
Attached to and communicating with the pump is the outlet pipe, by which
the water is carried to the surface, and which may be arranged as usual, though
I propose it shall be of lighter construction, and so made at a less cost than
the pipes now used for this purpose.