AN IMPROVED METHOD OF VENTILATING SHIPS AND NAVIGABLE VESSELS, AND APPARATUS THEREFOR."
Year: 1878

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Boag, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster,
Master Mariner, for the Invention of "AN IMPROVED METHOD OF VENTILATING
SHIPS AND NAVIGABLE VESSELS, AND APPARATUS THEREFOR."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Boag at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 19th September 1878.
JOHN BOAG, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, Master Mariner.
"AN
IMPROVED METHOD OF VENTILATING SHIPS AND NAVIGABLE VESSELS, AND
APPARATUS THEREFOR.”.
The main object of my Invention is to efficiently ventilate the holds of ships
carrying coals, grain, live stock, fruit, and other cargo capable of giving off noxious,
dangerous, or objectionable gases, or to be affected by moisture, and to do so as
regards coal and minerals without causing rapid currents of air to pass through,
amongst, or in contact with the cargo.
For that purpose I employ or apply currents of air in the following novel
manner-I cause a current of fresh air by a fan or other blowing apparatus to
pass downwards through a pipe or pipes to the bottom of the hold, in some cases
between the ceiling and the skin of the ship, and from the said bottom of the hold
I lead upwards through, amongst the cargo, and usually up to the under side of the
main deck, stand pipes, perforated or formed with apertures. The air in passing
through these stand pipes draws inwards into the pipes by lateral induction any
objectionable or humid gases. These gases with the air are by preference drawn
off by a fan or other exhausting apparatus, but cowls or other like appliances on
sufficiently large tubes may be used to allow the air and gases to escape.
The apparatus employed for the above purposes consists of (1) blowing apparatus,
(2) descending pipe or pipes, (3) connecting pipe or pipes from the descending
apparatus to (4) the perforated or open stand pipes distributed over the hold, these
pipes having protecting caps over the apertures to prevent entrance of cargo, and
(5) exhausting apparatus.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said John Boag in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 19th March
1879.
JOHN BOẠG, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, Master Mariner. "AN
IMPROVED METHOD OF VENTILATING SHIPS AND NAVIGABLE VESSELS, AND
APPARATUS THEREFOR."
The main object of my Invention is to efficiently ventilate the holds of ships
carrying coals, grain, live stock, fruit, and other cargo capable of giving off various
dangerous or objectionable gases, or to be affected by moisture, and to do so as
regards coal and minerals, without causing rapid currents of air to pass through,
amongst, or in contact with the cargo.
:-
For that purpose I employ or apply currents of air in the following novel
manner I cause a current of fresh air by a fan or other blowing apparatus to
pass downwards through a pipe or pipes to the bottom of the hold, in some cases
between the ceiling and skin of the ship, and from the said bottom of the hold I
lead upwards through, amongst the cargo, and usually up to the under side of the
main deck, stand pipes perforated or formed with apertures. The air in passing
through these stand pipes draws inwards into the pipes by lateral induction any
objectionable or humid gases. These gases with the air are by preference drawn
off by a fan or other exhausting apparatus, but cowls or other like appliances on
sufficiently large tubes may be used to allow the air and gases to escape.
The apparatus employed for the above purpose consists of (1) blowing apparatus,
(2) descending pipe or pipes, (3) connecting pipe or pipes from the descending
apparatus to (4) the perforated or open stand pipes distributed over the hold, these
pipes having protecting caps over the apertures to prevent entrance of cargo, and
(5) exhausting apparatus.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Fig. 1 is a longitudinal section, and Fig. 2 a transverse section of a ship fitted
with ventilating appliances arranged and acting in the novel manner set forth. 1 is
a fan blowing apparatus fixed on deck, and operated by any convenient power so
as to cause a current of fresh air to pass downwards through the pipe 2 (more than
one such pipe may be used) to the bottom of the hold 3. Branch pipes 4 then
convey the fresh air to stand pipes 5 which rise upwards through and amongst the
cargo. The said stand pipes are perforated or formed with apertures and protecting
covers, as shown at Fig. 3, so that the air in passing through the said stand pipes
draws inwards into the pipes by lateral induction any objectionable or humid gases.
The air after leaving the stand pipes is allowed to escape or pass away through any
convenient opening or openings, or, if preferred, a cowl, fan, or exhausting appliance
is employed. In Figs. 1 and 2 the stand pipes 5 are shown of various heights, some
terminating in the hold and some at a higher level.
Fig. 4 is a longitudinal section of a ship or vessel fitted with a modification of
ventilating appliances under my Invention. 1, blowing apparatus; 2, descending
pipe, the chambers 5 acting as stand pipes.
It will be obvious that various arrangements of blowing and exhausting apparatus
or appliances may be used in combination with descending pipes and connections,
arranged and operating substantially in the manner set forth, without departing
from my Invention.
Having now described the nature of the said Invention in such manner that
others will be enabled to carry my improvements into effect, I claim,
First. Ventilating the holds of ships by means of currents of fresh air caused to
travel, substantially as above set forth.

page_text: Second. The combination of blowing apparatus or appliances with descending
pipe or pipes and stand pipes, constructed and arranged substantially as and for the
purpose set forth.
Third. The combination and arrangement of appliances for ventilating ships' holds,
substantially as set forth.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Boag, have hereunto set my hand and
seal, the Seventeenth day of March, in the year of our Lord One thousand
eight hundred and seventy-nine.