Improvements in or Applicable to Machines for Breaking up all kinds of Soft and Hard Waste and Rags of Cotton and other Fibrous Materials.
Year: 1897

page_text: Date of Application, 15th Apr., 1897
• Complete Specification Left, 12th Jan., 1898-Accepted, 12th Feb., 1898
TRUVIDIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in or Applicable to Machines for Breaking up all kinds
of Soft and Hard Waste and Rags of Cotton and other Fibrous
Materials.
We, LOUIS ALFRED PORRITT and ELLIS SCHOFIELD HOWARTII BARNES, of the Firm
William Tatham & Co., of Vulcan Works, Rochdale, in the County of Lancaster,
Machine Makers, do hereby declare the nature of the said invention, to be as
follows:
1. In machines to which our invention applies, the feed rollers or devices for
feeding the fibrous materials to the action of the teeth on the cylinder which operate
To open it have been made so that the feeding parts of the rollers or devices have
come close or nearly so to the bearings, the inner ends of which bearings are about
on a line with the inside frames of the machine, and the teeth on the cylinder have
not extended so far in the lengthway of the rollers as the feeding surfaces of the
rollers or devices, and the fibrous material has not been stripped from or removed
by the teeth on the cylinder from the rollers or feeding devices near their bearings
and fibrous materials frequently accumulates round and so as to become entangled
with the feed rollers at those parts near the bearings, thus generating by the
rubbing action friction and heat sufficient in some case to cause fire, and besides
this, the accumulated fibre on the rollers near their bearings has prevented them
from being kept against each other by the weights employed, consequently the
rollers or feeding devices have been prevented from properly biting upon and
holding the fibres between them while being operated upon by the teeth on the
cylinder and thus there is imperfect feeding, and some of the fibres have been
drawn from the feeding devices before they have been properly acted upon by the
teeth on the cylinder. Our invention has for its object to obviate these objections.
The feeding devices in some cases are formed by one large fluted roller against
which two smaller fluted rollers are weighted.
In some cases two fluted rollers are used one weighted against the other, and in
other cases, one fluted roller is used, against which weighted pedals act and in
another case one fluted roller is pressed against a concave plate between which the
fibre is fed and held while being acted upon by the teeth of the cylinder.
In all these feeding devices and others, this part of our invention consists in
causing the hearings for the rollers to extend a little beyond the teeth on the
cylinder but without coming in contact with the teeth, the flutes or teeth of the
rollers commencing at the inner ends of the bearings for the rollers.
the
"
Further to prevent what is termed "blowing or fibres from being driven into
space between the fixed bearing of the lower roller, and the rising and falling
bearing of the upper roller or rollers, we arrange a thin plate to cover the space
between them which plate may be fixed, or attached to one of the bearings of the
feed rollers, or other equivalent arrangements may be used to carry out this part of
our invention. The inside of the side guide plates for conducting the fibrous material

page_text: to the feeding devices are arranged to come within the fluted parts of the feeding
rollers.
2. Our invention relates to the rollers to be used for feeding fibrous material
to give better hold and more perfectly retain it while being acted upon by the teeth
of the cylinder.
This part of our invention consists in first making the flutes ratchet toothed
fashion, then cutting a two or more pitched screw thread (a three pitch thread by
preference) on the roller, the depth or cavity of the threads being by preference
the depth of the ratchet teeth or flutes.
This mode of constructing the roller leaves the ratchet toothed flutes first made
in the form of hook teeth, the points of which in the circumference of the roller
cover every space left between the teeth caused by the hollow or cavity of or between
the screw threads.
By another method of construction according to our invention, the roller is first
made with ratchet flutes, which are then cut away partly by a rounded mill or
cutter helically so that the spaces between the teeth formed by the ratchet flutes
form the cavity or sunk part of a many pitched screw thread leaving pointed
ratchet teeth which in the direction of the circumference of the roller cover the
spaces between the teeth.
Dated this Fourteenth day of April 1897.
Improvements in or Applicable to Machines for Breaking up all kinds
of Soft and Hard Waste and Rags of Cotton and other Fibrous
Materials.
We, LOUIS ALFRED PORRITT and ELLIS SCHOFIELD HOWARTH BARNES, of the Firm
William Tatham & Co., of Vulcan Works, Rochdale, in the County of Lancaster,
Machine Makers, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement: -
1. In machines to which our invention applies, the feed rollers or devices for
feeding the fibrous materials to the action of the teeth on the cylinder which
operate to open it, have been made so that the feeding parts of the rollers or devices
have come close or nearly so to the bearings, the inner ends of which bearings are
about on a line with the inside frames of the machine, and the teeth on the cylinder
have not extended so far in the lengthway of the rollers as the feeding surfaces of
the rollers or devices, and the fibrous material has not been stripped from or
removed by the teeth on the cylinder from the rollers or feeding devices near their
bearings and fibrous materials frequently accumulates round and so as to become
entangled with the feed rollers at those parts near the bearings, thus generating
by the rubbing action friction and heat sufficient in some cases to cause fire, and
besides this, the accumulated fibre on the rollers near their bearings has prevented
them from being kept against each other by the weights employed, consequently
the rollers or feeding devices have been prevented from properly biting upon and
holding the fibres between them while being operated upon by the teeth on the
cylinder, and thus there is imperfect feeding, and some of the fibres have been
drawn from the feeding devices before they have been properly acted upon by the
teeth on the cylinder. Our invention has for its object to obviate these objections.

page_text: The feeding devices in some cases are formed by one large fluted roller against
which two smaller fluted rollers are weighted.
In some cases two fluted rollers are used, one weighted against the other, and in
other cases, one fluted roller is used, against which, weighted pedals act, and in
another case one fluted roller is pressed against a concave plate between which the
fibre is fed and held while being acted upon by the teeth of the cylinder.
In all these feeding devices and others, this part of our invention consists in
causing the bearings for the rollers to extend a little beyond the teeth on the
cylinder but without coming in contact with the teeth, the flutes or teeth of the
rollers commencing at the inner ends of the bearings for the rollers.
Further to prevent what is termed "blowing" or fibres from being driven into
the space between the fixed bearing of the lower roller, and the rising and falling
bearing of the upper roller or rollers, we arrange a thin plate to cover the space
between them, which plate may be fixed or attached to one of the bearings of the
feed rollers or other equivalent arrangements may be used to carry out this part of
our invention. The inside of the side guide plates for conducting the fibrous
material to the feeding devices are arranged to come within the fluted parts of the
feeding rollers.
2. Our invention relates to the rollers to be used for feeding fibrous material to
give better hold and more perfectly retain it while being acted upon by the teeth
of the cylinder. This part of our invention consists in first making the flutes
ratchet toothed fashion, then cutting a two or more pitched screw thread (a three
pitch thread by preference) on the roller, the depth or cavity of the threads being
by preference the depth of the ratchet teeth or flutes.
This mode of constructing the roller leaves the ratchet teethed flutes first made,
in the form of hook teeth, the points of which in the circumference of the roller,
cover every space left between the teeth caused by the hollow or cavity of or between
the screw threads.
By another method of construction according to our invention, the roller is first
made with ratchet flutes, which are then cut away partly by a rounded mill or
cutter helically so that the spaces between the teeth formed by the ratchet flutes
form the cavity or sunk part of a many pitched screw thread leaving pointed
ratchet teeth which in the direction of the circumference of the roller cover the
spaces between the teeth.
Figs. 1, 3, 5 and 7 are end elevations, and Figs. 2, 4, 6 and 8 are respectively
plans thereof.
Figs. 9 and 11 are side or plan views, and Figs. 10 and 12 are end views thereof
respectively.
In Figs. 1 and 2 our improvements are illustrated when using three feeding
rollers, namely--one large lower roller d against which two upper rollers d¹ and d²,
work. In this modification a, are the side frames of the opener; a¹, pedestals
secured to the side frames a, which carry the bearings for the feed rollers; b, part
of a toothed cylinder, b¹, being its teeth. The upper fluted rollers and d², are
in bearings in the usual manner, that can rise and fall, and are weighted respec-
tively by ordinary hook weight rods d' and d.
c', is the shaft or axis of the lattice roller c, nearest the feed rollers d, d¹ and d²,
and, is a part of the endless feeding lattice shown broken in the middle in Fig. 2,
the rollers and cylinders being also shown broken; 3, are the sides between which
the lattice works.
It will be seen in Fig. 2, by the lines representing the flutes of the feeding rollers
that these flutes terminate in a line with the inner face of the guide plates c³, on
each side and that the teeth 6', upon the cylinder b, at the outside edges extend a
little past the ends of the flutes on the feeding rollers, so that all fibre fed by the
rollers close against the inner face of the side plates c³, will be sure to be taken by.
the teeth 6, of the cylinder b, the points of which teeth can come close to the
fluted peripheries of the feed rollers & and, without touching them.
From the ends of the flutes on the rollers d and d, the rollers are reduced in

page_text: diameter to fit the bearings carried by the pedestals a', and it will be seen that
the bearings for the rollers d and d, have tubular extensions d6, from them that
come close up to where the flutes upon the rollers begin. This prevents fibre from
wrapping round the rollers between the flutes and what are usually their ordinary
bearings.
To prevent what is termed "blowing," that is a current of air passing from the
toothed cylinder b, through any space there may be between the tubular bear-
ings do, a thin plate g, of steel or other metal is secured by two or more screws q³,
having their heads flush with the outer face of the thin plate 9, which extends
downwards to the tubular bearing for the lower fixed roller d; so whatever space
there may be between the upper roller d, and lower fixed roller d, is covered at all.
times even when the upper roller d', lifts as it does when material is being fed
between the rollers.
Figs. 3 and 4 show an arrangement of two fluted feed rollers one of them d,
below and fixed and driven, and the other d, above which is arranged so that its
bearings can rise and fall in the pedestal a¹ in the ordinary manner, this upper
feed roller being weighted by the hook weight rods d, one acting upon each
bearing in the usual manner.
These two rollers d and d¹, have the tubular bearings do, as described in reference
to Figs. 1 and 2 and have the thin plate g, arranged in like manner.
It will be seen that the teeth b¹, of the cylinder b, also extend in this case beyond
the termination of the flutes or teeth of the feed rollers as explained in reference to
Figs. 1 and 2.
f, in this modification is a lower fluted roller on an axis f³, and f¹, is an upper
fluted roller on an axis f*, these rollers compress the fibre coming between them and
the sides f, as it enters the box in front of the feed rollers formed by the continua-
tion of the plates f2, and a bottom plate and a upper plate fo, hinged at f, to give
access to the box when required. The rollers f and f¹, and the connected box are
ordinary and well known and are used when the fibre coming from one tooth
cylinder b, is fed to another in the same machine.
Figs. 5 and 6 illustrate our invention in combination with a fixed fluted or
toothed feed roller d, which rotates and works in combination with a number of
weighted pedal levers.
The feed roller d, is in bearings in the pedestals a', which carry the ends of a
shaft or axis e, upon which the fulcrums of the pedal levers e, are mounted, cach
weighted by a weight e. The short arm e¹, of each pedal lever is curved near its
end to fit the periphery of the feed roller and the fibre being fed passes along the
upper faces of these arms of the pedal levers and between them and the periphery
of the feed roller to be presented to the action of the teeth 61, on the cylinder.
These pedal levers at their short ends e', fit close together side by side and the
pedals next the sides c³, for the lattice fit close to them so that no space is left for
fibre to get between their sides or the ends of the tubular bearing de, for the
roller d, and the flutes or teeth of the roller. The flutes or teeth terminate inside
where the teeth b¹, on the cylinder b; act as before explained in reference to
Figs. 1 and 2.
There is no space left in this arrangement that would allow "blowing" so that
a plate g, is not required.
The side frames, are extended to come under the tubular bearing 6, for those
sides of the pedal levers to work against which are nearest the side frames c³.
Figs. 7 and 8 illustrates our invention where one feed roller d, fluted or toothed,
is arranged in bearings in a pedestal a¹, to rise and fall, and which is weighted by
hook weight rods d, in the usual manner.
This roller when at its lowest position rests upon a plate h, shown in dotted line
in Fig. 7, and the fibre passes over this plate and between its upper face and the
underside of the feed roller d, which rises and falls according to the thickness of
fibre between them.

page_text: The rollers and f₁, and box formed by the end plate f, is similar to that shown
by Figs. 3 and 4 and is well known. The feed roller d, has the tubular bearings de,
as before explained and the flutes or teeth of the feed roller terminate within the
teeth b', on the cylinder b, as and for the purpose hereinbefore explained.
In this arrangement there is or may be a thin plate g, herein before described in
reference to Figs. 1 and 2, the thin plates being secured to the tubular parts do, as
before explained, and extending to the edge of the plate h, which comes below the
tubular bearing do, when in its lowest position. The side plates f³, keep the fibre
being fed to the feed roller d, within the fluted or toothed parts of the roller as
shown in Fig. 8, as hereinbefore explained.
Figs. 9 and 10, show one mode of forming the flutes or teeth of feed rollers for
openers. The cylindrical periphery of the roller has first ratchet shaped flutes
formed in it as shown by Fig. 10, then it is grooved helically to the depth of the
ratchet teeth as shown.
64
Figs. 11 and 12 show another mode of making toothed feeding rollers, the
cylindrical periphery of the roller has ratchet shaped flutes formed in it as shown
in Fig. 12, then parts of these ratchet shaped flutes are cut away by say a circular
mill," the spaces cut out of one flute being opposite the uncut parts of the adjoin-
ing flutes or these spaces may be cut out helically, that is to say, the "mill" may
be shifted from flute to flute same as a tool which is cutting a screw.
Or the
"mill" may be a cylinder with cutting edges on its periphery and its axis is placed
and rotated at an angle to the axis of the roller which is slowly rotated and moved
endways under the rotary mill so as to cut an helical groove into the flutes.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what
we claim is:-
-
1. The combination and arrangement of fluted or toothed feeding rollers, with
their bearings and with the teeth of the cylinder in the manner and for the pur-
pose hereinbefore described and illustrated by Figs. 1 and 2, 3 and 4, 5 and 6, and
7 and 8 of the drawings.
2. The combination of fluted or toothed feed rollers with their bearings and the
teeth of the cylinder arranged substantially as and for the purpose hereinbefore
described, and with a thin plate to prevent "blowing" substantially as herein-
before described and illustrated by Figs. 1 and 2, 3 and 4 and 7 and 8 of the
drawings.
3. The combination with the feed rollers of tubular bearings (6) extending from
what is the ordinary bearing to a point or the shoulder where the flutes or teeth
commence on the feed rollers, substantially as and for the purpose hereinbefore
described and illustrated by the drawings.
4. The several combinations and arrangements of fluted or toothed feed rollers
and their bearings in relation to the teeth of the cylinder and parts for guiding the
fibre to the feed rollers substantially as and for the purpose herein before described
and illustrated by Figs. 1 and 2, Figs. 3 and 4, Figs. and 6 and Figs. 7 and 8
of the drawings.
5. The construction of toothed feeding rollers as hereinbefore described and
illustrated by Figs. 9 and 10 of the drawings.
6. The construction of toothed feeding rollers as hereinbefore described and illus-
trated by Figs. 11 and 12 of the drawings.
Dated this Eleventh day of January 1898.
TAHY
PETER J. LIVSET,
Agent.