IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MAKING OF BREAD AND BISCUIT
Year: 1840

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, SAMUEL
HILL, of Sloane Street, Chelsea, in the County of Middlesex, Gentleman, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her present most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date at West-
minster, the Twenty-fifth day of March, in the third year of Her reign, did,
for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said Samuel
Hill, Her especial licence, full power, sole privilege and authority, that I, the
said Samuel Hill, my exors, adññors, and assigns, or such others as I, the
said Samuel Hill, my exors, adññiors, or assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times during the term of
years therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within England, Wales, and the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, my
Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MAKING OF BREAD AND BISCUIT;" in which
said Letters Patent is contained a proviso that I, the said Samuel Hill,
shall cause a particular description of the nature of my said Invention, and
in what manner the same is to be performed, to be inrolled in Her said
Majesty's High Court of Chancery within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said in part recited Letters Patent, as in
and by the same, reference being thereunto had, will more fully and at large
appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
Samuel Hill, do hereby declare the nature of my Invention, and the manner

page_text: in which the same is to be performed, are fully described and ascertained in and
by the following statement thereof (that is to say)
My Invention relates to a mode of making bread and biscuit, by combining
with the use of the materials now employed certain matters not heretofore so
used in combination; and in carrying out my Invention, firstly, I use the flour of
wheat, of rye, of barley, of indian corn, or of rice, which are the ingredients which
are now, and have long been, the matters generally in use in England for making
bread and biscuit. And my Invention consists in combining with one or more
of such ingredients one or more of the following ingredients:-Arrowroot or
tapioca, or cassava, or sago, or millet, or flour from the kittul tree or corokan
seed, or the fruit of the palmyra tree or sougee. With four parts of one or more
of the first-mentioned ingredients, I mix one part of one or more of the other
ingredients; and when rice is employed as one of the first mentioned, I apply
from one sixth to one eighth portion of rice in respect to the others of the
first-mentioned ingredients, and I steam the rice before I use it, which mode
of preparing the rice when applied in the making of bread and biscuit I
claim as part of my Invention, or it might be done by simmering with hot
water, or only ground into flour; but I greatly prefer steaming, as it will
thereby make lighter bread. I then adopt the usual mode of kneading the
mixture or combination into dough, and ferment it with yeast, allowing a
sufficient time for the dough to rise. It is then formed into loaves, and baked
in the usual way of making bread, when only one or more of the first-men-
tioned ingredients are used. In making brown bread, I also occasionally mix
a small portion of cocoa with the warm water used in mixing the dough made
of the other ingredients, about sufficient to colour it, and as there is so much
more saccharine in some of the ingredients than wheaten flour, it produces
a good bread. The ingredients herein specified, and not hitherto so made
use of in the making of bread, contain starch, gluten, gum, and saccharine,
and although they would not make good bread alone, yet when they are
combined with the first-mentioned ingredients, they prove the quality of the
bread by rendering it more wholesome and digestible, and as some of the
ingredients are cheaper than wheaten flour, the bread made by this combination
would reduce the price. I do not claim as a novelty the use of any of
the first or second mentioned ingredients, when separately considered, for
making of bread, but only the combining them, or some one or more of each
of the two classes of ingredients mentioned under the heads firstly and
secondly; although I have given the proportions for mixing the two classes of
ingredients. I do not confine myself thereto. And I may remark, that the

page_text: bread will be found to have another good quality, it will keep much longer
than other bread.
In making biscuits, I prepare dough from the two classes of ingredients,
and after this preparation the biscuits are made in the usual manner, and baked
in a hot oven; and I occasionally mix a small portion of cocoa with the
warm water used in kneading the dough, about sufficient to color it; as in
making of bread the combination of steamed rice with other ingredients,
containing more saccharine than wheaten flour, which corrects its harsh and
adhesive qualities, is an improvement in the making of biscuits, and they will
also be cheaper and highly nutritious.
Bread for horses, cattle, sheep, pigs, calves, dogs, and other animals.-I
make a coarse bread, without yeast or leaven, by a combination of a variety
of ingredients, consisting of maize (commonly called indian corn meal), oat-
meal, rye meal, malt dust, grain, sago, paddy, rice, cassava, potatoe flour,
bean meal, pea meal, brewers' grains, poornak, corokan, punatto, and make
two or more of them into bread, with water, beer, liquid from the distillers,
jelly made of Jaffna moss, oil and fat or graves, either separately or jointly,
according to the quality of bread required. The proportions may be varied.
I generally compose a dough of about four of the different ingredients, in
nearly equal proportions. This bread is nutritious for different animals, and
much more portable than hay or corn. I steam, simmer, boil, or prepare with
hot water, many of the ingredients before they are made up to put into an
oven for baking.
In witness whereof, I, the said Samuel Hill, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this Twenty-fifth day of September, in the year of our Lord