IMPROVEMENTS IN CARDING WOOL AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CARDS FOR THAT PURPOSE
Year: 1853

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Daniel Bateman, of Low Moor, near Brad-.
ford, in the County of York, Card Maker, for the Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN CARDING WOOL AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES,
Sealed the 22nd July 1853, and dated the 28th May 1853.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Daniel Bateman
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 28th May 1853.
I, DANIEL BATEMAN, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN CARDING WOOL AND OTHER FIBROUS.
SUBSTANCES, AND IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CARDS FOR THAT PURPOSE," to
be as follows:-
This Invention consists in constructing cards with metal backs, in
combination with either vulcanized india rubber, and cotton, linen, and
woollen cloth, and in applying the same to cylinders of metal heated
with steam, and the application of steam in combination with the

page_text: above-mentioned cards in the carding of wool and other fibrous sub-
stances, whereby such process is rendered more effective, and the cards
are more durable than the cards as hitherto constructed and employed
for a similar purpose.
I would observe that the objections attending the carding of wool
(by the processes hitherto practised) are, firstly, that the moisture con-
tained in the wool, after washing the same, has the effect of warping the
wooden periphery of the cylinders, and that part thereof to which the
cards are affixed; and, secondly, the moisture from the wool rusts the
metallic portions or teeth of the cards, and thereby destroys their dura-
bility and and the object and intention of this Invention is, therefore,
to obviate these objections by introducing steam to the interior of the
carding cylinders, so as to heat the back and teeth of the card through
the surface of the cylinder, which will not only dry the wool in this
process, but will open the locks thereof, and more easily separate the
fibres from each other, and preserve the staple, and thereby facilitate
the operation of carding wool and other fibrous substances when in a
damp state, and prevent the breaking of the fibres; and by constructing
the backs of the cards of metal such part is protected from injury by
the heat, and may be readily attached to the periphery of the cylinder
by nails or screws; and further, by drying the wool as it is carded, the
teeth of the cards are prevented from rusting, and are consequently
more durable than when subjected to the moisture from the wool, as
hitherto. I would remark, that I am aware of steam having been
attempted to be used by other persons in the carding of wool and other
fibrous substances, but in no case when the cylinders have been
covered with cards. My Invention therefore consists, firstly, in intro-
ducing steam into the interior of carding cylinders, or cylinders covered
with cards; and, secondly, in the application to such said cylinders
of cards constructed with metal or other backs, as before stated.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Daniel Bateman in the Great Seal Patent
Office, on the 28th November 1853.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I,
DANIEL BATEMAN, of Low Moor, near Bradford, in the County of
York, Card Maker, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-eighth day of May, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-three, in the six-
teenth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said Daniel Bateman, Her special
licence that I, the said Daniel Bateman, my executors, administrators,
and assigns, or such others as I, the said Daniel Bateman, my execu-
tors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and
no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the
term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise,
and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland,
the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN CARDING WOOL AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES, AND IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF CARDS FOR THAT PURPOSE," upon the condition (amongst
others) that I, the said Daniel Bateman, by an instrument in writing
under my hand and seal, should particularly describe and ascertain
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was
to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal
Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after
the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Daniel Bateman, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement thereof (that is to say):
My improvements in carding wool and other fibrous substances
relate chiefly to the carding of wool, mohair, and other similar fibrous
substances, and are intended greatly to facilitate the operation of
carding such materials, whereby I am enabled to card the wool or other

page_text: similar fibrous substance after the operation of washing, and whilst in
a damp state, without the use or employment of any preparing
machinery and by this means I obtain a much superior sliver, with a
much straighter and longer fibre or staple, than can be obtained by
carding such substances or materials in the ordinary manner as
hitherto practised. The first part of my Invention consists in the
introduction of steam into the interior of the main carding cylinders of
the carding engines employed for such purposes, or into any or all of
the cylinders or rollers of the said carding engines, such said cylinders
or rollers being covered with cards. The principal object to be effected
by the introduction of steam into these cylinders or rollers is, to heat
the wool; the result being that the fibres of the wool whilst in a damp
and heated state are very readily loosened, separated, and drawn out
by the action of the teeth of the cards, and the sliver is delivered at the
doffing end of the carding engine perfectly straight and even, and with
a much longer and more uniform staple or fibre than can possibly be
produced either by means of any of the preparing machinery now in
use, or by the ordinary method of carding wool and other similar fibrous
substances, as heretofore known and practised.
I would here observe that one of the principal objections to carding
long staple wool has hitherto been that, in consequence of the matted
or knotted state of the locks of wool, the rapid revolution of the carding
rollers very frequently tears and breaks the fibre at the matted or
knotted parts, instead of opening and drawing out the same, thereby
producing short fibre or staple, and occasioning great waste and loss,
as well as deterioration of the material. But by the introduction of
steam into the carding cylinders the wool (which is in a damp state)
becomes heated, and I find by experience that whilst in this damp and
heated state the fibres of the wool or other similar fibrous material are
very readily separated and drawn out by the operation of carding, with
very little (if any) breaking of the fibre or staple, and that the sliver
produced is much superior, both in length of staple and uniformity of
texture, than that produced by the ordinary method of carding. I
would here observe that it will be evident that for the purposes of my
Invention it will be necessary to construct the main carding cylinders

page_text: _(and such other carding cylinders as are to be heated) of iron or other
metal, and to introduce the steam into the interior of the same through
a hollow axis in such a manner as in no way to interfere with the
ordinary motion or action of such cylinders.
My improvement in the manufacture of cards applies solely to the
manufacture of such cards as are employed upon cylinders heated with
steam, and used for carding wool and other similar fibrous substances
whilst in a damp and heated state. My improvement consists in con-
structing the back of such cards of a slicet of metal combined with
vulcanized india rubber, or with cotton, linen, or woollen cloth, or with
any combination of these materials. This method of manufacturing
such cards assists the radiation of the heat from such cylinders, and
also prevents the injurious action of the heat upon the fabric of which
the back of such cards is formed, without in any degree interfering with
the necessary elasticity of the back of the cards; and the application of
the steam to the interior of the cylinders prevents the corrosive action
of the moisture in the wool upon the teeth of the cards, and thus
renders them much more durable.
Having thus described the nature and object of my said "Improve-
ments in Carding Wool and other Fibrous Substances, and in the Manu-
facture of Cards for that Purpose," together with the manner of carrying
the same into practical effect, I would remark, in conclusion, that I am
aware of steam having been attempted to have been used by other
persons in the carding of wool and other fibrous substances, but in no
case have steam cylinders covered with cards been employed. And I am
also aware that cards with metal backs have been manufactured, but
they have never been applied to heated cylinders, or employed for
carding wool. I wish it, therefore, to be distinctly understood that
what I claim as my Invention of "Improvements in Carding Wool
and other Fibrous Substances, and in the Manufacture of Cards for
that Purpose," is,
Firstly, the introduction of steam into the interior of carding cylin-
ders, or cylinders covered with cards, and employed for carding wool
and other similar fibrous substances; and,
Secondly, I claim manufacturing cards (to be applied to such heated

page_text: carding cylinders) with backs composed of metal combined with vul-
canized india rubber, or with cotton, linen, or woollen cloth, or with
any combination of these materials, and the application of the same in
the manner and for the purposes above particularly described and set
forth.
In witness whereof, 1, the said Daniel Bateman, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Twenty-fourth day of November, in
the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-
three.
Witness,
GEORGE DAVIES,
Office for Patents,
4, Trafalgar Square,
London.
DANIEL BATEMAN. (L.S.)