IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PREPARATION AND BOTTLING OR PRESERVING OF CARBONATED COD LIVER OIL AND OTHER AERATED LIQUIDS
Year: 1859

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James Murray, Knight, of Dublin, Doctor of
Médicine, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PREPARATION AND
BOTTLING OR PRESERVING OF CARBONATED COD LIVER OIL AND OTHER AERATED
LIQUIDS"
Sealed the 25th January 1860, and dated the 24th August 1859.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James Murray at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
24th August 1859.
I, JAMES MURRAY, Knight, of Dublin. Doctor of Medicine, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PRE-
PARATION AND BOTTLING OR PRESERVING OF CARBONATED COD LIVER OIL AND
OTHER AERATED LIQUIDS," to be as follows:-
My Invention has for its object the improvement of the medicinal and other
qualities of carbonated cod liver oil, and other carbonated or bi-carbonated
mixtures, such as solutions of line,magnesia,camphor, and othersuch solutions
and waters in ordinary use. It is well known that these liquids as ordinarily
prépared are liable to become impaired by the exposure to the air and by
evaporation during the processes of filtering and decanting or fining.
Now my Invention consists, in the first place, in re-carbonating the
previously carbonated liquidsafter theyare clarified, purified.and fit to betreated
by this second carbonating process, that is to say, I take the liquids prepared
in the ordinary manner, and fined ready for bottling, and impregnate them
with a strong additional charge of fixed air. The apparatus used for the
purpose may be such as is ordinarily used in the original process so long as

page_text: it is capable of bearing a pressure of many atmospheres; I prefer a pressure
of about two hundred pounds on the square inch.
My Invention consists, in the second place, in preparing the bottles or
vessels required to contain the said re-carbonated liquids so as to make them
more fit to preserve the same. For this purpose the bottles or vessels are
prepared bywithdrawing or expelling from them the common atmospheric air,
which is displaced by an atmosphere of carbonic acid gas supplied by pumps,
or by the said gas acting by pressure or by its own gravity in deep vessels.
My Invention consists in the third place in bottling the liquids in cisterns
or vessels containing an atmosphere of carbonic acid gas in which the bottles
are immersed during the process.
And my Invention consists, lastly, in displacing common air and other
ordinary vapours, gases, or impurities from the pores of the corks by
previously immersing them in some of the liquid of the same kind as
that which is intended to be bottled, and in corking the bottles or vessels
in an atmosphere of carbonic acid gas.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said James Murray in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
23rd February 1860.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JAMES
MURRAY, Knight, of Dublin, Doctor of Medicine, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-fourth day of August, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-nine, in the twenty-third
year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and
grant unto me, the said James Murray, Her special. license that I,
the said James Murray, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or
such others as I, the said James Murray, my executors, adminis-
trators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from
time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed,
should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United
Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of
Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PREPARATION AND BOTTLING OR
PRESERVING OF CARBONATED COD LIVER OIL AND OTHER AERATED LIQUIDS," upon
the condition (amongst others) tl.at I,the said James Murray, by an instrument
in writing under my hand and seal, should particularly describe and ascer-

page_text: tain the nature of the said Invention,aud in what manner the same was to be
performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office
within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said
Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said James Murray, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement (that is to say) :-
My Invention of Improvements in the Preparation and Bottling or
Preserving of Carbonated Cod Liver Oil and other Aerated Liquids," has for
its object the improvement of the medicinal and other qualities of carbonated
cod liver oil and other carbonates or bi-carbonated mixtures, such as solutions
of lime, magnesia, camphor, and other such solutions and waters in ordinary
use. It is well known that these liquids as ordinarily prepared are liable to
become impaired by the exposure to the air and by evaporation during the
process of filtering and decanting or fining.
Now my Invention consists, in the first place,in re-carbonating the previously
carbonated liquids after they are purified and fit to be treated by this second
carbonating process (that is to say), I take the liquid or liquids prepared in
the ordinary manner and fined ready for bottling, and impregnate it or them
with a strong additional charge of fixed air; I thus take any of the ordinary
aerated liquids, such as ordinary solution of magnesia, and I make that the
basis on which my new e-carbonating process is worked.
My Invention comes into operation at the stage at which the manufacture
has hitherto ended; the apparatus used for the purpose may be such as is
ordinarily used in the original process so long as it is capable of bearing a
pressure of several atmospheres; I prefer a pressure of about two hundred
pounds on the square inch, when the re-aerated fluid is at once bottled from
the engine and not set aside to settle as hitherto.
My Invention consists.in the second place,in preparing the bottles or vessels
required to contain the said recarbonated liquids, so as to make them cleaner
and more fit to preserve the same. For this purpose the bottles or vessels are
prepared by withdrawing or expelling from them the common atmospheric air
which is displaced by an atmosphere of carbonic acid gas supplied by pumps,
or by the said gas acting by pressure or by its own gravity in deep vessels.
The plan adopted by me consists in placing the bottles mouth up previously to
their being filled with the liquor in a vesssel containing carbonic acid gas of a
depth more than sufficient to cover the bottles. The gas by its greater specific
gravity enters the bottles, driving out the common air.

page_text: I am aware that bottles have been formerly filled with liquor after the
atmospheric air had been withdrawn by suction, but in such cases the liquor
rushed into the vacuum so formed, whereas under my Invention the fluids flow
into a gas identical with that which they already contain.
My Invention consists; in the third place, in forcing the liquids into the
bottles while they are immersed in the gas contained in the said vessels. By
this means the liquor meets the same gas in the bottles as that which is
already in the re-carbonated liquor or liquors.
And my Invention consists, lastly, in displacing common air and other
ordinary vapours, gases, or impurities, from the pores of the corks. This I
effect by keeping them some days immersed in carbonic acid gas, or by con-
fining them in an air-tight vessel, and withdrawing the common air from them
by means of an ordinary air pump.
When a sufficient vacnum has been
attained some of the same liquor about to be bottled is admitted to the corks,
and is made to penetrate them and pass into the pores thereof, which thus
become saturated with the liquid intended to be preserved. By the means
above described, the liquid entering the bottles does not come in contact with
the common air in the bottle, as in the ordinary mode of bottling, and the
interval between the surface of the liquid in the bottle and the cork is filled
with a powerful antiseptic air or gas. It will thus be evident, that by the use
of my Invention the ordinary tendency of the aerated liquids to become vapid,
bitter, and occasionally turbid, will be obviated,and that they will be preserved
in a fresh and sparkling condition. By displacing the atmospheric air with its
vapours, smells, and miasms, and filling the bottles with fixed air instead, and
by bottling under a pressure of that gas, aerated liquors are freed from the
contact of vapours and foul air in towns. By excluding the common air the
decomposing powerof its oxygen is prevented. When the bottlesare previously
charged with carbonic acid gas, the liquors entering into them meet with an
air of the same kind as that already contained therein, whilst, on the contrary,
if flowing into bottles through common air,subject to all kinds of vitiation, the
*contaminations remain in the liquors while the atmospheric air is discharged.
Corks also are liable to imbibe the breath, foul air, and smells, in crowded
places and works. By withdrawing this air,and causing carbonic acid or some
of the liquor about to be preserved to enter into them the fault called "corking"
is abated or prevented, together with the contact of all hurtful emanations.
My Invention is also applicable to the better preservation of ales, porter, and
other fermented liquors. Also to animal or vegetable food and medicinal
infusions. On the same principle, holds of ships, closets, cellars, hospital
wards, and beds, drains, and law infected places, can be deodorized and

page_text: ventilated by filling them with antiseptic fixed air, until vermin, foul odors,
and miasms are driven off or abated. Carbonic acid gas is also useful for
excluding oxygen during surgical operations, the lower part of the body or one
of the limbs being supported in a wide vessel containing that gas, due pro-
vision being made for respiration. Anatomical subjects or preparations can
likewise be kept more safely in this antiseptic gas; but I do not claim these
applications.
Having thus described the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner
the same is to be performed, I hereby declare that I do not claim as of my
Invention the manufacture of any of the ordinary aerated liquids commonly
known by the names of fluid magnesia, fluid camphor, and others, neither
do I claim the apparatus used in such manufacture; but I do claim,-
First, the revivifying of the aerated liquids after having been already
prepared in the ordinary manner by repeating the process or processes of
aeration after the liquids have been fined, and just before they are bottled,
under such pressure as to secure an excess of fixed air, in order to preserve
them in better condition than those hitherto in ordinary use.
Secondly, the preparation of the bottles, by displacing from them the
ordinary atmospheric air with any impure vapours, miasms, or gases therein
contained, and replacing it by an atmosphere of carbonic acid gas.
Thirdly, the bottling of the liquids in vessels containing an atmosphere
of carbonic acid gas, that being the gas already in the re-carbonated liquor
or liquors.
And, lastly, the preparation of the corks, by withdrawing from them the
ordinary atmospheric air with its impure vapours or gases, and causing some
of the liquors intended to be bottled to enter their pores and saturate them.
In witness whereof, I, the said James Murray, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, the Thirteenth day of February, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty.
Witness,
WILLIAM SPENCE,
50, Chancery Lane, London,
Patent Agent.
JAMES MURRAY. (L.S.)