IMPROVED METHOD OF WEAVING COTTON, LINEN, SILK, WOOLLEN, WORSTED, AND MOHAIR, AND EACH OR ANY OF THEM, BY MACHINERY
Year: 1806

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, PETER
MARSLAND, of Heaton Norris, in the County of Lancaster, Cotton Spinner,
send greeting.
WHEREAS His most Excellent Majesty King George the Third did, by His
Letters Patent under the Great Seal of the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, bearing date at Westminster, the First day of August, in the
forty-sixth year of His reign, give and grant unto me, the said Peter Marsland,
my exors, admors, and assigns, His especial licence, full power, sole. privilege
and authority, that I, the said Peter Marsland, my exors, admors, and assigns,
and every of them, by myself and themselves, or by my and their deputy or
deputies, servants or agents, or such others as I, the said Peter Marsland,
my exors, admors, or assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others,
from time to time and at all times thenafter during the term of years therein
expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within
that part of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland called England,
the Dominion of Wales, and Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, my Invention or
Discovery of my "IMPROVED METHOD OF WEAVING COTTON, LINEN, SILK, WOOLLEN,
WORSTED, AND MOHAIR, AND EACH OR ANY OF THEM, BY MACHINERY;" in which
Letters Patent there is contained a proviso obliging me, the said Peter

page_text: Marsland, particularly to describe and ascertain the nature of my said Inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, by an instrument
in writing under my hand and seal, and to cause the same to be inrolled in
His Majesty's High Court of Chancery within one calendar month next and
immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent, as in and by the same
Letters Patent, relation being thereunto had, may more fully and at large
appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in pursuance of and in compliance with the said
recited proviso, I, the said Peter Marsland, do hereby declare that the nature
of my said Invention, and the manner in which the same is to be performed,
is as herein-after mentioned: -
My Improved Method of Weaving Cotton, Linen, Silk, Woollen, Worsted,
and Mohair, and each or any of them, is by means of an apparatus or
machinery which I have invented, and which is applicable to looms moved by
the power of steam, water, wind, or horses, and the object of which apparatus
or machinery is to move the lathe of the loom in such manner that the motion
of the lathe shall be the slowest at the time when the shuttle is passing
through the warp, and that the motion of the lathe when it strikes the cloth
shall be much quicker than it would be if the lathe was moved by means of a
single crank.
My apparatus or machinery connected with the section of one end of a
lathe is delineated in each of the three following Figures, which shew the
machinery in three different positions of the lathe.
Figure 1 contains a side view of my apparatus or machinery connected
with one end of the lathe, in the position when the lathe is pressing upon the
cloth.
Figure 3 exhibits the positions of the lathe and of my apparatus or
machinery when the lathe is at its greatest distance from the cloth.
Figure 2 exhibits the position of the latter and my apparatus or machinery
when the lathe and my apparatus or machinery are in an intermediate state,
between the positions shewn in Figure 1 and Figure 8 respectively.
Explanation of the different parts of my apparatus or machinery.-
N.B. The same letters are applied to the same parts of the machinery in each
of the three Figures. a, a section of a spindle or shaft turned by means of a
pulley wheel, or other apparatus or power capable of producing a rotative
motion. b, a crank forming part of or fixed upon the said spindle or shaft
marked a. c, a rod put in motion by and connected with the said crank b.
d, d, a plate of metal, wood, or other substance moving on a centre at 6, and
connected with the rod c by means of the pin or pivot h, upon which it can

page_text: freely turn. is another rod connected with tho plate d, d, in a manner
similar to the rod c, by means of the pin or pivot i. This last-mentionaal
rodf gives motion to the lathe k, by being connected to it by means of the
pin or pivot m. The plate d, d, answers the purpose of a double crank in its
connection with the rods c and f, and by being made heavy on that side
which is near the letter g, assists in impelling the lathe against the cloth with
that degree of force which is requisite to give the cloth its intended degree of
thickness or strength, the weight being increased in proportion to the intended
increase of thickness or strength in the cloth, according to the inclination of
the manufacturer. The plate or double crank d, d, may be made in any
different form which will produce the same or a similar effect. When tho
loom is worked the crank 6 performs a rotativo motion round the centre of its
axis a, and if the crank be placed in any other part of the spindle or shaft a
than its end, the spindle or shaft must in that part be bent in such manner as
to form the crank, and romove the obstruction which would arise to the
motion of the rod b, if the shaft was continued in a right line. The crank h
performs a vibratory motion between its situations in Figure 1 and Figure 8,
moving from its situation in Figure 1 to its situation in Figure 3 while the
crank 6 makes half a revolution, and moving back again while the crank 6
makes the other half of its revolution.
The machinery may be made either in the form and proportions exhibited
in the Figures 1, 2, and 3, or in other forms and proportions slightly
varying therefrom; but I consider the above proportions as the best. The
Figures are drawn by a scale of one-eighth part of the real size.
To avoid error or mistake, I think it right to state, that in practice I find it
most advantageous to make the crank b six inches long from the centre of its axis
to the centre of the pin or pivot or bent part of the axis connecting it with the
rod c; and the distance between the centre e and the middle of the pin or pivot h
seven inches and three quarters; and the distance between the centres and the
middle of the pin or pivot i, three inches and three quarters. In my loom
the lathe moves about three inches and five-eighth parts of an inch backward
and forward in that part which contains the reed. If a longer vibration of
the lathe should be required, it may be effected by lengthening the distance
between the centre e and the pivot or pin i; and if a shorter vibration of the
lathe be required, by shortening the distance between the centre and the
pivot or pin i, the length of the rods e and f must be determined by the
form and size of the loom to which the machinery is applied. The weight on
that side of the plate which is nearest the letter 9 is to be so placed as to be
over or nearly over the centre e when the lathe is at the greatest distance

page_text: from the cloth, as shewn in Figure 3, and so as to descend and give its
greatest weight and force in impelling the lathe towards the cloth when the
lathe strikes the cloth. This weight must be varied according to the strength
of the cloth, for which variation a certain rule cannot be laid down. For
strong cloth a weight of twenty pounds or more may be used, for fine and
delicate fabrics a weight of three pounds or less may be used, and for very
light fabrics the double crank may be used without this weight. Two sets of
my machinery should be applied to each loom, viz, one set at or near each
end of the lathe.
I confine my Invention solely to the plate or double crank d, d, applied to
the moving of the lathe, and giving the lathe the slowest motion at the time
when the shuttle is passing through the warp, and a quicker motion when the
lathe strikes the cloth than would take place if the lathe was moved by a
single crank; and to the weight on that side of the plate which is nearest the
letter 9 forming a part of or connected with such plate or crank, and assisting
with increasing force to impel the lathe towards the cloth, while the lathe
is moving towards the cloth. And although I have shewn one manner in
which the double crank may be connected with looms already invented,
yet it is capable of being connected with them in other advantageous forms,
which are obvious to every mechanic, and in whatever way it may be connected,
I claim its Invention as applicable in the manner before stated to the
moving of the lathe.
In witness whereof, I, the said Peter Marsland, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, the Twenty-seventh day of August,. in the forty-sixth
year of the reign of our Sovereign Lord George the Third, by the
grace of God of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland
King, Defender of the Faith, and in the year of our Lord One

page_text: AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the Twenty-seventh day of August,
in the year of our Lord 1806, the aforesaid Peter Marsland came before our
said Lord the King in His Chancery, and acknowleged the Specification
aforesaid, and all and every thing therein contained and specified, in form
5 above written. And also the Specification aforesaid was stamped according
to the tenor of the Statute made for that purpose.