Improvements in and relating to Apparatus for Expressing Liquids from Vegetable, Animal, or Mineral Substances.
Year: 1891

page_text: Date of Application, 19th Oct., 1891
Complete Specification Left, 13th July, 1892-Accepted. 19th Oct.. 1892
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
[Communicated from abroad by LA SOCIÉTÉ ANONYME DU COMPRESSEUR
JOURDAN (Managing Director, N. Coste), of 95, Boulevard Beaumarchais,
Paris, in the Republic of France.]
Improvements in and relating to Apparatus for Expressing Liquids
from Vegetable, Animal, or Mineral Substances.
I, HENRY HARRIS LAKE, of the firm of Haseltine Lake & Co., Patent
Agents, 45, Southampton Buildings, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby
declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
This invention relates to apparatus for expressing liquids from vegetable, animal
or mineral substances.
Most of the presses for extracting purposes and chiefly those used in stearine
works and in the manufacture of oil necessitate the employment of bags or sacks
containing the materials to be compressed.
For example in the manufacture of oil the bags or sacks, piled up in the press
and forming a column deformed by the pressure, can withstand only a very
limited strain; they are liable to burst open and allow the escape of the paste
which they contain. Owing to this fact the oil-cakes, being unequally compressed,
assume very irregular forms.
For remedying these inconveniences the improved apparatus has been devised,
in which use is made of a movable compressor or metallic cylinder constructed as
hereinafter described.
As the metallic sides offer a considerable resistance, very high pressures may be
produced, so that a greater yield is obtained than when bags or sacks are used.
Moreover the cakes obtained are always similar and exhibit a uniformity of
cohesion throughout their mass, which has been subjected to an absolutely uniform
compression.
This improved apparatus comprises a compressor having a cylinder of cast iron
or the like which presents interiorly a rectangular or other appropriate section.
The vertical sides are planed and provided with longitudinal grooves or recesses
for the reception of removable channels or tubes. The part of these channels or
tubes which is turned towards the interior of the cylinder is provided with
parallel saw cuts arranged either perpendicularly to the axis of each channel
or tube or obliquely or in any other manner. Above each of the chan-
nels or tubes engaging by means of a dovetail with the base of the
grooves for enabling the same to be easily put in their place, are placed
a series of wires which, stretched upon the said tubes, constitute a surface
allowing the liquid forced from the materials under treatment to pass through only
under great pressure. This liquid penetrates into the channels or tubes through
the saw cuts above referred to and flows out at the base of the compressor at
the extremity of the chaunels or tubes into a trough or vessel provided for this
purpose.
According to the nature of the materials to be treated in the compressor a
filtering cloth may or may not be placed between the stretched wires and the
outer surface of the vertical channels or tubes. The latter may either have a
square section or present any other suitable form, for instance a U-shaped or
T-shaped form, the flat part of which has saw cuts in it, or a I-shaped form,
one of the flanges of which is provided with incisions transversely to the central
web.
The interior sides of the compressor are in direct contact with the compressed
materials and present a surface composed of smooth full parts and permeable

page_text: parts formed by juxtaposed wires. These wires may have a round, triangular,
quadrangular trapezoidal or any other suitable section; and the distance between
them may be varied. Their object is to allow only the liquids to pass and
to retain all the solid materials. In order to impart considerable strength. to
the permeable surface, these wires are arranged upon very strong channels or
tubes to provide for an unchangeable supporting base and for the proper outflow.
This supporting base is constituted by the channel or tube, which may be replaced
by a fixed surface.
As soon as the liquid forced by the pressure passes into the channels or tubes it
flows out at their base.
Each compressor is provided with wheels so as to render it portable.
The introduction of the materials into the compressor and the removal from the
same is effected by a special press which is so arranged that by means of a cock
alternative movements of two pistons are caused, one of these pistons being at the
lower part and the other at the upper part of the apparatus. In case the apparatus
is designed for the manufacture of oil this press is arranged below the funnel or
heater containing the materials to be pressed, so that the workman has only to
extend the arm to bring upon the compressor a slide of a capacity corresponding to
the volume of a cake.
The compressor having been charged in the preceding apparatus hereinafter
described is transported by means of a carriage to the hydraulic press by which
very high pressure is produced. This press receives at the base the liquid issuing
from the cakes, and the latter have now only to be removed from the compressor,
which is effected with the same apparatus by which it has been filled.
The apparatus by which the material is introduced and removed acts both as a
preparatory press and as a lifter.
It has an hydraulic counterweight which in a complete installation is replaced by
an accumulator used for all the lifters in the works. It comprises press body
arranged in front of the funnel and a piston in which another small piston is
adapted to move which carries upon its head a disc entering the compressor by
lifting the bottom plate with which each compressor is provided. The counter-
weight has a sufficient capacity for filling the annular sections of the said small
piston and of the upper piston and for causing the upward movement of the former
in the compressor and of the second in the upper press body.
To effect the filling the compressor is placed upon rails arranged between the
columns where it is held in its place by stops formed by bending the ends of these
rails. At the top a half-collar and a small arched part stop the compressor while
the discharge takes place.
The workman sets the small piston in motion by means of a cock provided within
easy reach; then he stops it in order to bring the funnel slide above the compressor
into which the contents of the said slide are passed. He pushes back the slide,
places a bag and a sheet metal plate upon the material contained in the compressor,
empties the funnel slide again, and so forth until the compressor is entirely filled.
From time to time he causes the descent of the upper piston which then compresses
the paste and pushes the lower piston towards the base. It will be seen that the
apparatus constitutes a preparatory press for introducing a greater quantity of
paste.
When the compressor is full it is transported to the extracting press and after the
pressure has been exerted it is moved back to the preparatory press which then
acts as a lifter, and this time the large piston is set in operation for pushing the
cakes to the outside through the upper part of the compressor; the workman takes
them as they leave and places them on one of the tables. A boy separates the cake
from the bag and from the sheet metal plate and places these latter two upon a
second table, whence they are taken for the following operation.
It will be understood that this treatment for the manufacture of oil has been
described only by way of example, and that the sume compressor with the same
hydraulic presses may be employed for the extraction of other liquids contained in

page_text: solid materials. Thus the improved compressor will be of the greatest use in
stearine works and generally in all the industries for obtaining liquids contained
in vegetable, animal or mineral substances.
Dated this 19th day of October 1891.
HASELTINE, LAKE & Co.,
45, Southampton Buildings, London, Agents for the Applicant.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and relating to Apparatus for Expressing Liquids
from Vegetable, Animal, or Mineral Substances.
1, HENRY HARRIS LAKE, of the firm of Haseltine Lake & Co., Patent
Agents 45 Southampton Buildings, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby
declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be
performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement :-
This invention relates to apparatus for expressing liquids from vegetable animal
or mineral substances.
Most of the presses for extracting purposes and chiefly those used in stearine
works and in the manufacture of oil necessitate the employment of bags or sacks
containing the materials to be compressed.
For example in the manufacture of oil the bags or sacks, piled up in the press
and forming a column deformed by the pressure, can withstand only a very limited
strain; they are liable to burst open and allow the escape of the paste which they
contain. Owing to this fact the oil-cakes, being unequally compressed, assume
very irregular forms.
For remedying these inconveniences an improved apparatus has been devised,
in which use is made of a movable compressor or metallic cylinder constructed
as hereinafter described.
As the metallic sides offer a considerable resistance, very high pressures may be
produced, so that a greater yield is obtained than when bags or sacks are used.
Moreover the cakes obtained are always similar and exhibit a uniformity of
cohesion throughout their mass, which has been subjected to an absolutely uniform
compression.
In the accompanying drawings which represent the general arrangement and
details constructed more especially for the manufacture of oil, I have shown how
the invention may be conveniently and advantageously carried into practice.
Figures 1 and 2 show in detail the arrangement of filtering surface with which
the interior sides of the compressor are provided.
Figure 3 is a horizontal section of the compressor.
Figure 4 is a vertical section of the same.
Figures 5, 6 and 7 show the arrangement of the compressor upon the hydraulic
press and upon the carriage designed for transporting it between the press and the
lifter.
Figure 8 shows a section of the preparatory press or lifter with its hydraulic
counterweight.
Figure 9 shows in side view the position of the wheels of the compressor upon
the lifter.
The improved apparatus comprises a compressor having a cylinder F of cast iron
or the like which presents interiorly a rectangular or other appropriate section.
The vertical sides are planed and provided with longitudinal grooves or recesses
for the reception of removable channels or tubes B. The part of these channels
or tubes which is turned towards the interior of the cylinder is provided with
parallel saw cuts C Carranged either perpendicularly to the axis of each channel
or tube or obliquely or in any other manner. Above each of the channels or

page_text: tubes engaging by means of a dovetail D with the base of the grooves for
enabling the same to be easily put in their place, are placed a series of wires E
which stretched upon the said tubes, constitute a surface allowing the liquid
forced from the materials under treatment to pass through only under great
pressure. This liquid penetrates into the channels or tubes through the saw cuts
above referred to and Hows out at the base of the compressor at the extremity
of the channels or tubes into a trough or vessel provided for this purpose.
According to the nature of the materials to be treated in the compressor a
filtering cloth may or may not be placed between the stretched wires and the
outer surface of the vertical channels or tubes. The latter may either have
a square section or present any other suitable form for instance a U-shaped or
T-shaped form, the flat part of which has saw cuts in it, or a I-shaped form one
of the flanges of which is provided with incisions transversely to the central web.
The interior sides of the compressor are in direct contact with the compressed
materials and present a mixed surface composed of smooth full parts and permeable
parts formed by juxtaposed wires. These wires may have a round, triangular,
quadrangular, trapezoidal or any other suitable section, and the distance between
them may be varied. Their object is to allow only the liquids to pass and to
retain all the solid materials. In order to impart considerable strength to the
permeable surface these wires are arranged upon very strong channels or tubes
to provide for an unchangeable supporting base and for the proper outflow.
This supporting base is constituted by the channel or tube, which may be
replaced by a fixed surface.
As soon as the liquid forced by the pressure passes into the channels or tubes
it flows out at their base.
Each compressor is provided with wheels so as to render it portable.
The introduction of the materials into the compressor and the removal of the
same therefrom is effected by a special press represented in Figures 8 and 9
which is so arranged that by means of a cock alternative movements of two
pistons are caused, one of these pistons being at the lower part and the other
at the upper part of the apparatus. In case the apparatus is designed for the
manufacture of oil this press is arranged below the funnel or heater containing
the materials to be pressed so that the workman has only to extend the arm to
bring upon the compressor a slide of a capacity corresponding to the volume of
a cake.
The compressor having been charged in the preceding apparatus hereinafter
described is transported by means of a carriage (Figure 7) to the hydraulic press
(Figure 5, 6) by which very high pressure is produced. This press receives
at the base the liquid issuing from the cakes, and the latter have now only
to be removed from the compressor, which is effected with the same apparatus by
which it has been filled.
The following is a description of the aforesaid apparatus by which the material
is introduced and removed it acts both as a preparatory press and as a lifter.
The said apparatus has an hydraulic counterweight which in a complete
installation is replaced by an accumulator used for all the lifters in the works. It
comprises a press body arranged in front of the funnel G and a piston I in which
another small piston l' is adapted to move which carries upon its head a disc L'
entering the compressor by lifting the bottom plate with which each compressor is
provided. The counterweight H has a sufficient capacity for filling the annular
sections of the said small piston 1 and of the upper piston I" and for causing the
upward movement of the former in the compressor and of the second in the
upper press body.
To effect the filling the compressor is placed upon rails R R arranged between
the columns T T where it is held in its place by stops S S formed by bending the
ends of these rails. At the top a half-collar J and a small arched part stop the
compressor while the discharge takes place.
The workman sets the small piston l' in motion by means of a cock P¹actuated

page_text: by a lever p¹ provided within easy reach; he then stops it in order to bring the
funnel slide above the compressor into which the contents of the said slide are
passed. He pushes back the slide, places a bag and a sheet metal plate upon the
material contained in the compressor, empties the funnel slide again, and so
forth until the compressor is entirely filled. From time to time the cock P
is opened to cause the descent of the upper piston I" which then compresses
the paste and pushes the lower piston towards the base. It will be seen that the
apparatus constitutes a preparatory press for introducing a greater quantity
of paste.
When the compressor is full it is transported to the extracting press (Figure 5)
and after the pressure has been exerted it is moved back to the preparatory press
which then acts as a lifter, and this time the large piston I is set in operation for
pushing the cakes to the outside through the upper part of the compressor, the
workman takes them as they leave and places them on one of the tables K.
A boy
separates the cake from the bag and from the sheet metal plate and places these
latter two upon a second table whence they are taken for the following operation.
It will be understood that this treatment for the manufacture of oil has been
described only by way of example and that the same compressor with the same
hydraulic presses may be employed for the extraction of other liquids contained in
solid materials.
Thus the improved compressor will be of the greatest use in stearine works aud
generally in all the industries for obtaining liquids contained in vegetable animal
or mineral substances.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed as communicated to me by my
foreign correspondents, I declare that what I claim is :—
1. The hereinbefore described apparatus for expressing liquids from vegetable
and animal or mineral substances, and the mode of employment, the said apparatus
being essentially characterized by the employment of removable or non-removable
tubes constituting channels in the thickness of the walls of the cylinder of the
compressor and one of the faces of each removable tube provided with saw cuts,
being covered by joining wires of any section between which the liquid resulting
from the pressure of a solid body enclosed in the compressor filters through which
apparatus is provided with wheels for rendering it portable; a filter cloth being in
certain cases, placed between the wires and the exterior surface of the outflow tube
or channel.
2. The combination of the above mentioned compressor with a preparatory press
serving as a lifter and having two small pistons, one at the top and the other at the
bottom of the apparatus, for the introduction and a third piston of a larger diameter
for the removal.
3. The combination of the above-mentioned compressor with an hydraulic press
the piston of which enters the said compressor, forcing the liquid contained in the
mass to escape between the stretched wires constituting the filtering surface, which
does not allow any solid material to pass.
4. The improved apparatus for expressing liquids from vegetable animal or
mineral substances constructed and arranged substantially as hereinbefore des-
cribed and shown in the drawing.
י
HASELTINE, LAKE & Co.,
45, Southampton Buildings, London, W.C., Agents for the Applicant.