AN IMPROVED MODE OF TREATING OR PREPARING CASKS AND OTHER VESSELS TO MAKE THEM. TIGHT AND SUITABLE FOR CONTAINING HYDROCARBON AND OTHER FLUIDS.
Year: 1865

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to George Marshall, of Pont Blyddyn, near Mold,
in the County of Flint, Cooper, for the Invention of "AN IMPROVED
MODE OF TREATING OR PREPARING CASKS AND OTHER VESSELS TO MAKE THEM.
TIGHT AND SUITABLE FOR CONTAINING HYDROCARBON AND OTHER FLUIDS.'
Sealed the 13th March 1866, and dated the 13th October 1865..
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION. left by the said George Marshall at the
Office of the Commissioners. of Patents, with his Petition, on the
13th October 1865.
I, GEORGE MARSHALL, of Pont Blyddyn, near Mold, in the County of
Flint, Cooper, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"AN IMPROVED MODE OF TREATING OR PREPARING CASKS AND OTHER VESSELS
TO MAKE THEM. TIGHT AND SUITABLE FOR CONTAINING HYDROCARBON AND OTHER
FLUIDS," to be as follows:-
I treat or prepare casks and other vessels made wholly or partially of
wood, so as to make them tight and suitable for containing rock, coal,
shale, and other "oils" and "spirits," saccharine solutions, and other
fluids, by coating over their inside surfaces with a gluey or pasty substance,
of an animal, vegetable, or mineral. kind, suited for the character of the
fluid to be placed in the casks or vessels, and then by the pressure of an
elastic gas or vapour force the said gluey or pasty coating into the pores

page_text: and joinings of the wood composing the casks or vessels. Glues,
gelatinous substances, bituminous, tarry, and other matters, which can be
made liquid by the application of heat or by solvents, can be used for the
said coating.
To prepare a wooden cask for containing petroleum and its products, I
first pour in through the bung hole common glue (liquified in water) in
sufficient quantity to coat over the ends and part of the staves near thereto,
or the whole of the inside surface if required. The cask is then moved
about or swung on centres, and made to partake of an irregular motion,
so that the glue may be spread over the desired surface, and when this is
done the nozzle of a pipe from an air pump is tightly fitted into the bung
hole, and air forced in for a short time, after which the cask is ready
for use.
7
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said George Marshall in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 12th April 1866.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS. SHALL COME, I, GEORGE
MARSHALL, of Pont Blyddyn, near Mold, in the County of Flint, Cooper,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Thirteenth day of October, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight. hundred and sixty-five, in the twenty-ninth
year of Her reign, did, for. Herself, Her. heirs and successors, give and
grant unto me, the said George Marshall, Her special license that I, the
said George Marshall, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such
others as I, the said George Marshall, my executor's, administrators, and
assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time
and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and
lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom
of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an
Invention for "AN IMPROVED MODE OF TREATING OR PREPARING CASKS AND OTHER
VESSELS TO MAKE THEM TIGHT AND SUITABLE FOR CONTAINING HYDROCARBON AND
OTHER FLUIDS," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said George
Marshall, my executors or
executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing
under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particu-
larly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in
what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed
1970 1
J. 79
1
ין
L
of

page_text: in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months, next' and
immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
}
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said George Marshall, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement (that is to say):-
}
I treat or prepare casks and other vessels made wholly or partially of
wood, so as to make them tight and suitable for containing rock, coal,
shiale, and other "oils" and "spirits," saccharine solutions, and other
fluids, by coating over their 'inside surfaces with a gluey or pasty substance,
of an animal, vegetable, or mineral kind, suited for the character of the
fluid 'to be placed in the casks or vessels, and then by the pressure of an
elastic gas or vapour force the said glúey or pasty coating into the pores
and joinings of the wood composing the casks or vessels. Glues, gelatinous
'substances, bituminous, tarry, and other matters, which can be made liquid
by the application of heat or by solvents, can be used for the said 'coating.
To prepare a wooden cask for containing. petroleum and its products, I
first pour in through the bung hole common glue (liquefied in water) in
-sufficient quantity to coat over the ends and part of the 'staves near
thereto, or the whole of the inside surface if required. The cask is then
moved about or swung on centres, and made to partake of an irregular
hotion, so that the glue may be spread over the desired surface, and when
"this is done the nozzle of a pipe from an air pump is tightly fitted into the
bung hole, and air forced in for a short time, after which the cask.is ready
for use.
The quantity of liquefied common glue, say liquefied in water in the
usual manner, necessary for the preparation of an ordinary hard or soft
wood petroleum cask of the capacity of about 32 imp. gallons is very
small. I usually pour in through the bung hole about a gallon; then; after
moving the cask about and turning it over, so that the liquid glue will
completely coat over the whole of the inner surface, or only the desired
part or parts thereof, I push the nozzle of a pipe from a steam boiler
tightly into the bung hole, and turn on steam, a pressure of 30 lbs. to
the square inch answers well, for about two minutes; after this I allow
any superfluous glue in the cask to drain out through the bung hole by
turning it down. Other than steam pressure can be used. The accom-
panying Sheet of Drawings which I have attached, that simple, inexpensive,
and effective means suitable for use in almost any position may be distinctly
understood, shews an air pump in side elevation and a cask in position for
.

page_text: receiving air pressure. a is the pump with fly wheel and handle b.;, c,. a
tapering nozzle passed through the frame.d into the bung hole of
the cask e; fis a shaft provided with prongs g to catch into the wood
of the cask when it is lifted on to the nozzle. A catch (not shewn) to
hold the shaft f in position is provided, so that when the handle his
turned, the shaft f and prongs g cause the cask to rotate on an axis
through the greatest diameter thereof, and air is not allowed to escape
around the nozzle c.
In the two paragraphs immediately preceding this I have described the
mode of preparing casks for containing petroleum when the coating used
for filling up the pores and joinings' is common glue; I have done so
because glue is the substance which I have found to answer best, and
therefore prefer. Other coating substances, however, may be used with
more or less success; as an instance, I name silicate of soda: The coating
employed should be of a nature to resist the action or influences of the
-particular fluid to be placed in the casks or vessels, and as each manu-
facturer knows the substance or material best suited for his particular
manufacture, I need not here set them forth at length, as under my
Invention I do not confine myself to the use of any one or more of them.
What I claim is, treating or preparing casks or other vessels made wholly
or partially of wood, to render them tight by forcing or causing a pro-
tecting substance or material to adhere to their inner surfaces, or to
fill up the pores or joinings therein by the pressure of any elastic gas or
vapour.
In witness whereof, I, the said George Marshall, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Thirty-first day of March, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-six.
GEORGE MARSHALL. (L.S.)
In the presence of
JOHN DAVIES,
Clerk to John T. King,
Patent Agent, Liverpool.