CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE TREATMENT OF YARNS OR THREADS PREVIOUSLY TO DYEING THEM
Year: 1866

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James Mallison, of Bolton, in the County of
Lancaster, Yarn Agent; for the Invention of "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE TREATMENT OF YARNS OR THREADS PREVIOUSLY TO DYEING THEM."
Sealed the 20th July 1866, and dated the 1st February 1866.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James Mallison at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
1st February 1866.
I, JAMES MALLISON, of Bolton, in the County of Lancaster, Yarn
Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "CERTAIN
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE TREATMENT OF YARNS OR THREADS PREVIOUSLY TO DYEING
THEM," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to the preparation and treatment of yarns or
threads when in the form of "cops" or when wound on to bobbins or
spools, and previously to the process of dyeing them, and the Invention is
designed to render the cops or bobbins of yarn in such a condition that
when they are subjected to the subsequent process of dyeing they shall
become thoroughly and evenly impregnated and permeated with the
dyeing or coloring matter throughout the entire thickness of the yarn.
The Invention consists in boiling the cops, bobbins, or spools of yarn or

page_text: thread in a strong solution of sumach, catechu, or other solution containing
tannin for about twenty-four hours, or in keeping the said yarn steeped in
a hot solution of tannin until every fibre and thread is thoroughly per-
meated and impregnated with the solution, which state of saturation may
be ascertained by cutting a cop through the middle and applying to the
part cut a solution of iron, which will cause a change of color, and if the
saturation be perfect and sufficient the color will be even and regular from
the outside to the centre of the cop, the chief feature of the improvements
being the saturation of cops or bobbins of yarn with a solution containing
tannin matter by means of boiling or hot steeping. I would remark that
hitherto many methods have been devised to effect this thorough saturation
of yarns in the state of cops or bobbins, so that they might be afterwards
treated with iron and dyed in the usual manner or at various stages
of future manufacture, but the action and results of such methods have
been imperfect and ineffectual, therefore various processes and apparatus
relating to the dyeing of yarns at present useless may be rendered effectual
by previously treating the cops or bobbins of yarn as described.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said James Mallison in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 30th July 1866.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JAMES
MALLISON, of Bolton, in the County of Lancaster, Yarn Agent, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the First day of February, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-six, in the twenty-ninth year
of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her. heirs and successors, give and grant
unto me, the said James Mallison, Her special license that I, the said
James Mallison, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others
as I, the said James Mallison, my executors, administrators, and assigns,
should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at
all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully
might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention
for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE TREATMENT OF YARNS OR THREADS PREVIOUSLY

page_text: TO DYEING," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said James
Mallison, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing
under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly
describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed
in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said James Mallison, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement (that is to say) :-
My Invention relates to the preparation and treatment of yarns or
threads when in the form of "cops" or wound on to bobbins or spools so as
to enable them to receive a rapid dye in passing on to the beam, and the
Invention is designed to render the cops or bobbins of yarn in such a
condition that when they are subjected to such rapid dyeing they shall
become impregnated and permeated with the dyeing or coloring matter.
The Invention consists in boiling the cops, bobbins, or spools of yarn or
thread in a solution of sumach, catechu, or other solution containing
tannin for about twenty-four hours; the strength of such solutions may
vary, but, for example, thrree pounds of sumach may be used to ten pounds
of cotton; or in keeping the said yarn steeped in a hot solution of tannin
until every fibre and thread is permeated and impregnated with the
solution, which state of saturation may be ascertained by cutting a cop
through the middle and applying to the part cut a solution of iron, which
will cause a change of colour, and if the solution be sufficient the colour
will be even and regular from the outside to the centre of the cop. The
yarn thus mordanted in the cop is dried, it is then wound and warped on to
warpers' beans and afterwards passed through the dyeing liquors and
size; it is then dried and passes direct in a continuous course on to the
beam ready for the loom. By this previous preparation I can dye the yarn
or warp either by mixing the materials together (as in printing), either
with or without size, passing the warp through and drying it as it passes
to the beam, or the liquors may be kept separate in boxes as in ordinary
warp dyeing, and a yarn passed through in the extended state and dried,
and then passed on to the weaver's beam.
The chief feature of the Invention and what I claim is, the saturation of
cops or bobbins of yarn with a solution containing tannin matter by means

page_text: passes
of boiling or hot steeping, so that I am enabled to dye the yarn as it
from the warper's beam to, the weaver's beam whilst.in an extended state.
In witness whereof, I, the said James Mallison, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Twenty-fourth day of July, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-six.
JAMES MALLISON. (L.s.):