IMPROVEMENTS IN CURVI- LINEAR TURNING, THAT IS TO SAY, A REST ADAPTED FOR CUTTING OUT WOODEN BOWLS AND A SELF-ACTING SLIDE REST FOR OTHER KINDS OF CURVILINEAR TURNING
Year: 1840

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME GREETING,
I, GEORGE DACRES PATERSON, of Truro, in the County of Cornwall, Esquire,.
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date at Westminster,.
the Fifth day of November, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight
hundred and forty, in the fourth year of Her reign, did give and grant unto
me, the said. George Dacres Paterson, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, Her especial license, full power, sole privilege and authority, that I,
the said George Dacres Paterson, my executors, administrators, and assigus,
and such others as I, the said George Dacres Paterson, my executors, adminis-
trators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time
to time and at all times thereafter during the term of years therein mentioned,
should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within that part
of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland called England, the
Dominion of Wales, and Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, and also in all the
Colonies and Plantations abroad, my Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN CURVI-
LINEAR TURNING, THAT IS TO SAY, A REST ADAPTED FOR CUTTING OUT WOODEN BOWLS
AND A SELF-ACTING SLIDE REST FOR OTHER KINDS OF CURVILINEAR TURNING ;"
in which said: Letters Patent there is contained a proviso, that I, the said
George Dacres: Paterson, shall particularly describe and ascertain the nature
of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, by an
instrument in writing under my hand and seal, to be enrolled in Her sakl

page_text: Majesty's High Court of Chancery within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said in part recited Letters Patent, as,
reference being thereunto had, will more fully and at large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance, with the said proviso, I, the said
George Dacres Paterson, do hereby declare the nature of my Invention, and
the manner in which the same is to be performed, is particularly described
and ascertained in and by the following instrument in writing, reference being
had to the letters and figures herein contained, and to the Drawing hereunto
annexed.
The object of the first part of my Invention is to cut bowls and other
vessels of a similar description with circular hollows out of wood by means of
a rest or machine adapted to the lathe, by which several bowls and vessels are
cut out of one block of wood by one and the same operation, and a greater
number of bowls and vessels is obtained from one block than can be obtained
in the manner in which the same are now manufactured, and with a greater
saving of time. By the above rest or machine I am enabled to manufacture
bowls and other vessels of a similar description of a depth of a semicircle and
of rather more than a semicircle, and also of any depth less than a semicircle.
The said first part of my Invention consists of a rest or machine for cutting
and forming wooden bowls and other wooden vessels of a similar description,
which is made to slide on the bed of the lathe in common use for turning.
This rest or machine consists of a box or stand which is made to slide on the
bed of the lathe, and which is.worked to and from the mandril of the lathe by
ineans of an endless screw working between the two sides of the bed; on the
front of this box, which 1 make of iron exactly opposite the mandril I fix a
piece of cast iron, of a shape nearly similar to half a cup, as, shewn by the
letter A in Figs. 1, 2, and 3 in.the. Drawingchereunto annexed, and, which I
call a semicup. The flat side of the semicup being placed against the box, in
this semicup I screw a centre, similar to the centre on the poppet of a com-
mon lathe, as shown by the letter B in Figs. 1,.2, and 8 in the Drawing
hereunto annexed. This centre I make to unscrew, that a longer or shorter
one may
be fixed there, according to the greater or less depth of the bowls or
vessels required to be made; in. the centre of the. semicup I fix a strong iron
bolt, shewn by the letter C in Figs. 1, 2, and 3 in the Drawing hereunto
'annexed, which serves for the axis of.a bent lever, shewn by the letter D in
Figs. 1, 2, and 3. in the Drawing hereunto annexed, which are attached the
tools or cutting. The lever is bent or set off. from: the axis sufficiently.to
allow it to describe rather more than a quarter of a circle without touching
the edges of the semicup; on this lever. are fixed the.tools, shown by the letters

page_text: E, E, E, E, E; E; in Figs. 1; 2, and 3 in the Drawing hereunto annexel; the
number of the tools, and distance at which I set them from each other, are
regulated by the thickness the bowls and vessels are required to be and the
size of the wood to be operated upon, or in other words, by the number of bowls-
or vessels to be cut out of the same block of wood; the tools I use are similar
to parting tools, except that I use them with a groove at the top of the tool of
the shape of the letter V, which makes the tools similar to the parting tools
used by fancy turners for cutting soft woods, excepting that the tools' are
curved, so as to describe rather more than a quarter of a circle of a-size pro-
portionate to the size of the bowl or vessel required, and are also curved from
the top to the bottom' in a sufficient degree for allowing the tool' to work in the
grooves of the block of wood it is cutting without any other part excepting.
the point bearing on the wood, seo the letters E, E, E, E, E, E, in Fig. 3 in
the Drawing hereunto annexed. These tools must be made of a depth suf-
ficient to resist the pressure of the wood intended to be used,' and tho depths.
of the tools should be proportionate to the circle to be described, that is to say,"
the larger the circle required, the deeper the tool should be. The tools are
fixed in grooves in the lever adapted to the shape of the tools, and secured by
scrows, as shewn by the letters E, E; E, E, E, E, in Fig. 2 in the Drawing"
liereunto annexed, the tools being made long enough to project a short distanco
behind the lever, that they may be brought forward if the points should be
ground away Froni the semicup to the front of the rest; on the side opposite
the mandril, I fix a plate, which I make of iron or brass, in which grooves aro
cut for the tools to work in. This plate is shewn by the letter F in Figs. 1°
and 3 in the Drawing hereunto annexed. At the back of the lever herein-
before 'described I'fix a quadrant, shown by the letter G in Fig. 1 in 'the
Drawing hereunto annexed'; one end of the quadrant being attached to the
outer extremity of the lever and the other end secured by an arm affixed to.
the bent part of the lever, as shown by the letter: H in Figl of the
Drawing hereunto annexed, just where it clears itself of the semicup. This
quadrant is worked by an endless screw, shewn 'by the letter I in Figs:"1"
and 2 in the Drawing hereunto" annexed: In the front of the screw, that is;.
the end of the screw towards the front of the rest; I fix a winch handle,
and I thus work the screw by hand; the screw may also be worked
by machinery, as by a toothed wheel or drum fixed' at the other or back
end of the screw, and 'connected with any machinery calculated to turn it:
The front and winch handle of the screw is shewn by the "letter Lin
Figs. 1 and 2 in the Drawing-hereunto annexed, and the back end and toothed
wheel by the letter' K in' Figs. 1 and 3 in the Drawing' hereunto annexed; a

page_text: smoothly planed iron plate is screwed over on the top of the tools. This plate
is shewn by the letter R, and the screws by the letter M, in the Figs. 1, 2,
and 3 in the Drawing hereunto annexed, in order to keep the tools and lever
steady.
For making bowls and vessels which are intended to be semicircular, or
rather deeper or shallower than a semicircle, the wood to be worked must
have a hollow cut in the centre before it is placed in the machine, to answer to
the inside of the first bowl or vessel to be made out of the block, which hole
must be large enough and deep enough to admit the whole of the semicup A.
When very shallow bowls or vessels are intended to be made, the wood should
be placed in the machine without any hollow being previously made in it.
After the bowls and vessels are cut out it will be found necessary to cut a slice
off the bottom, which may be done in any convenient manner. The lever and
front plate I have described, in which the tools rest, are only fixed with screws,
and by shifting them and fixing another lever and front plate to correspond,
tools can be applied at other distances from cach other, either closer together..
or further apart, as may be required.
"I claim, as my Invention, the rest or machine, made in the manner herein-
before described, as a new combination of machinery, to be used. for the pur-
poses and in the manner herein-before described. I do not claim as new the
particular parts of the said rest or machine when not used in. combination in.
the manner berein-before described, excepting that I do claim, as my Invention,
the semicup and bent lever, when combined and used in the manner herein-
before stated, and excepting that I also claim as my Invention the use of more
than one curved tool at one time, in the manner herein-before described.
The other part of my Invention consists of a self-acting slide rest, to be used
for turning balls and other sorts of curvilinear. turning. The self-acting slide
rest is formed and set to work in the following manner :-On the mandril of a.
lathe, similar, with the exceptions herein-after stated, to a common lathe, there
is fixed a cog wheel, which is made to work a second cog wheel placed directly
below the first, which is made capable of being put in or out of gear at will,
so that the lathe may be used as a common lathe. This second wheel works a
pinion attached to a shaft, on the other end of which shaft is fixed another
pinion which works in a reciprocating wheel. This wheel is made with side
teeth to work a small wheel, which is placed in a mortice horizontally through
the bottom of the poppet, and which turns a large horizontal wheel. The
large wheel is made to work on a smoothly turned iron plate, having small
brass bearings to support the edge of the wheel; on the top of the wheel there
is firmly fixed a long brass dovetail-shaped box, on which, by the assistance of

page_text: an endless screw, the socket of the slide rest 'slides up and down from the
centre to the edge of the circle. This brass box is graduated, the lines of
which I fill with pure tin, to allow.it to work smoothly, and by the recipro-
cating wheel the horizontal wheel is caused to describe half a circle and back;:
by changing the reciprocating wheel for one half the size, the motion is confined
to a quarter of a circle, and by altering the position of the wheel and inverting
the tool, these motions may be made concave instead of convex; in addition to
which, if a small cog wheel be applied to the end of the endless, screw above
described, and a rack for it to work in be placed round the plate on which the
large wheel works, other kinds of curvilinear figures may be cut. The man-
dril of the lathe is made to project far enough beyond the poppet head to
allow the rest room to work under it. The rest is similar to a common slide
rest, except in the following particulars: The tool is fixed above the rest on
a small brass or iron block, to allow it to work as close as possible to each
centre. Instead of a winch handic, which is used in slide rests to press the
tool towards the work, there is a toothed wheel, which comes in
contact (as it
approaches cach centre).with an iron bar; this iron bar.
being so placed that
the pressure of the wheel against it causes the wheel and screw attached to it'
to move a small way round, thus pressing the cutting tool towards the.work;
in order that the wheel may be always forced round in one direction, it is
evident one bar should come in contact above and the other below the wheel,
thus advancing the tool slightly each time. The screw called the regulating
screw, commonly used to prevent the tool from being forced in too far, is, in
this case, pressed against a small cog wheel, above which a small bar with a
rack on it works freely as the rest approaches the centre; on each
side, this
bar touches a lever, which, when pressed, will force the band off the live drum
on the dead drum; but as the bar runs freely, in the manner described, it is
forced in and the lever not disturbed, until the screw fixes the wheel, when the
lever is forced back, and the lathe stops. The socket on which the rest is fixed
O consists of a solid spill of iron, over which a hollow tube is fixed, the top of
this tube being secured to the bottom of the rest, and the bottom of the tube
having a square base, which base rests on the iron plate which works on the
brass dovetail-shaped box, before described. On this square pedestal is fixed
the cog wheel and rack, before described, which stop the lathe, the brass that
5 carries the regulating screw being lengthened to bring the screw parallel to
the wheel.
I claim, as my Invention, the combination and adaptation of the machinery
lastly above described for making the slide rest self-acting, in the manner
above described; and I do not claim the parts of the above machinery other

page_text: wise than when used and acting in combination, in the manner and for the
purposes herein-before described. The machinery of both parts of my Inven-
tion is not intended to be used with the common foot lathe, but requires
stronger power: The degree of power, as will be obvious to every turner,.
depends upon the size of the wood to be turned...
In witness whereof, I, the said George Dacres Paterson," have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Fifth day of May, in the year of our
'Lord One thousand eight hundred and forty-one.