AN IMPROVED MACHINE FOR BREAKING LOAF SUGAR
Year: 1863

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Marris and William Marris, both of Great
Grimsby, in the County of Lincoln, for the Invention of "AN IMPROVED
MACHINE FOR BREAKING LOAF SUGAR."
Scaled the 7th July 1868, and dated the 28th April 1863.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Marris and
William Marris at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 28th April 1863.
We, JOHN MARRIS and WILLIAM MARRIS, both of Great Grimsby, in the
County of Lincoln, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"AN IMPROVED MACHINE FOR BREAKING LOAF SUGAR," to be as follows:-
Our Invention of a machine for breaking loaf sugar consists of two metal
frames about four feet high and about two feet wide, two circular saws twelvo
inches in diameter are fixed inside these frames which work on two spindles
and two pairs of metal rollers with steel knives are fixed underneath the
spindles, so that when the sugar drops from the action of the circular saws the
knives attached to the metal rollers cut the sugar into small pieces suitable for
domestic or other use.
We do not entirely confine ourselves to the precise size here given, as we
may vary the same as circumstances may require.

page_text: By this Invention a much larger quantity of sugar can be cut or chopped
than by any machine now in use. If this machine is worked by steam power
it is capable of cutting fifteen pounds per minute, and ten pounds per minute
if worked by hand.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said John Marris and William Marris in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 28th October 1863.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, JOHN
MARRIS and WILLIAM MARRIS, both of Great Grimsby, in the County of
Lincoln, Engineers, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-eighth day of April, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-three, in the twenty-sixth year of
Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto
us, the said John Marris and William Marris, Her special licence that
we, the said John Marris and William Marris, our executors, adminis-
trators, and assigns, or such others as we, the said John Marris and
William Marris, our executors, administrators, and assigns, should at
any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times
thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "AN
IMPROVED MACHINE FOR BREAKING LOAP SUGAR," upon the condition (amongst
others) that we, the said John Marris and William Marris, our executors
or administrators, by an instrument in writing under our, or their, or one
of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be
performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office
within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said
Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that the we, said John Marris and William Marris,
do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention, and in what manuer
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in
and by the following statement, reference being had to the accompanying
Drawings, that is to say :-

page_text: The machine consists of two metal frames about 4 feet high and about
2 feet wide, two circular saws, one 24 inches in diameter and the other 13
inches in diameter, fixed one inside and the other outside these frames and
working on a spindle, and two pair of metal rollers with steel knives fixed
underneath the spindle. The advantages of its use are among others a great
increase of amount of sugar cut by the same power. The sugar retains its
clean white appearence, because it is not handled as when hand cut, and the
crystal hue fracture of the cubical lumps is preserved in brilliancy because the
sugar is broken or chopped and not sawed.
The machine is shewn in the annexed Drawings of which Fig. 1 represents
a front elevation; Fig. 2 a plan, and Fig. 8 a side elevation of the machine;
Fig. 4 is a section of the rollers and receiver; the same letters of reference
indicate corresponding parts in all the Figures.
A is the 24-inch circular saw by which the loaf of sugar is cut down the
centre from end to end into two halves. One of these balves is placed flat
side downwards upon the table B and then cross cut into semicircular cakes
by the 18-inch circular saw C. The cakes as they are cut off drop through
a flat spout D upon the upper rollers E, which rollers E are made of metal
and are furnished with horizontal knives 11 inches in length, by which the
sugar is cut or chopped into long rectangular pieces or strips. These again
drop into a lower pair of rollers F, also made of metal and furnished with
circular knives (fifteen in each roller) which cut or chop the long strips trans-
versely into cubical pieces. The pieces fall into the double spout or screen G,
the top of which being wired allows the lamps to pass over and fall into G,
while the splinters or chips fall through the wires I into H. The fine sugar
or dust resulting from the sawing is received by the box K underneath the
table B.
When this machine is worked by hand it is set in motion by turning
the handle L connected or attached to the fly wheel M, upon which is the
band or strap communicating with the spindle of the circular saws, as shewn,
with the necessary cog wheels communicating the transverse motion to the
rollers being shewn. These metal rollers, and any method we may adopt for
driving the same, and also the cutting of the knives in the bottom roller F, as
shewn on Drawing Fig. 4, we deem an important feature of our Invention.
When steam is used as the motive power two sheaves N, N', are attached to
the spindle O which communicates motion, as before described.
We do not restrict or confine ourselves to any particular size of machine
nor to the number or size of knives, wheels, or rollers, or other parts to be

page_text: used or applied, but we claim as our Invention "the improved machine for
breaking loaf sugar, as herein-before described."
In witness whereof, we, the said John Marris and William Marris,
have hereunto set our hands and seals, this Twenty-second day of
October, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and
sixty-three.
JOHN MARRIS.
(L.S.)
WILLIAM MARRIS. (L.S.)