Improvements in Loom Pattern Mechanism.
Year: 1893

page_text: Date of Application, 4th Nov., 1893
Complete Specification Left, 3rd Aug., 1894-Accepted, 8th Sept., 1894
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Loom Pattern Mechanism.
I LEONARD GLOVER of Wortley Low Mills Leeds in the County of York
Woollen Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
My invention refers to improvements in the mechanism for regulating or con-
trolling the movement of the levers for moving the warp, and for controlling the
motion of the shuttle boxes and picking arms, whereby the pattern is produced in
the fabric; and is equally applicable for controlling dobbies or engines in which
bowls and bushes, or lags and pegs are at present employed.
The object of my invention generally is the construction of said mechanism in
such a manner, that the necessary alterations for producing a fresh design can be
readily and rapidly performed, and more particularly so that any one of the holes
in the case where needles or pegs are employed can be opened or closed, or in the
case of levers and lifting pieces or strikers, any one or more of the strikers can be
reversed so as to become operative or inoperative, without in any way affecting the
other holes or strikers, and that moreover without disconnecting or removing the
pattern chain. Briefly my invention is a new design and construction of pattern.
chain applicable in one modification or other to all descriptions of looms.
My improved pattern chain consists of a series of metal tubes, preferably of steel,
connected together and parallel to each other; the same portion or face of the
tube being always presented to the needles or levers, when acting on these. Each
tube contains a longitudinal slot opening or a row of holes, (corresponding in
number to the needles or levers); the said slot or holes being on that face of the
tube just referred to. The slot or holes conveniently cover an angle of 60 degrees
at the centre of the tube, though this angle will vary with the relative sizes of the
driving cylinder and the chain tube. On one side of the slot or holes the surface
of the chain tube is flattened, the flat surface covering likewise an angle of 60 degrees
more or less as above indicated.
The chain tube is provided with a series of abutting broad thin unclosed rings,
having a similar section to the slotted chain tube, that is about 240 degrees of the
These rings are
periphery circular, 60 degrees flat, and 60 degrees open.
preferably formed of suitably tempered steel, and clasp the chain tube with a
slight spring pressure, so that they can be readily rotated about the tube, but that
when the flat portion of a ring covers the slot or a hole of the tubes, or lays over
the flat portion of the tube, the ring is held in position sufficiently firmly to prevent
It will be
any unintentional alteration in position under working conditions.
evident that by moving the rings, some so as to cover, and others so as to leave
uncovered, the slot openings or holes of the different chain tubes, any desired
other way dis-
pattern or change of pattern can be at once effected without in any
turbing the pattern chain or its connections. One end of the unclosed rings is bent
to facilitate
slightly upwards, or other projection is fitted to the rings, so as
rotating them into one position or the other.
In the case where levers are to be lifted by strikers or lifting pieces on the
chain, the strikers may be attached to any, preferably however the flat, portion of
the unclosed rings; when in any other position the foregoing remark as to the
position of the flat portion of the chain tube does not apply.
The flat portious of the tube and rings may be dispensed with, and by means of
a couple of holes in the chain tube and a spring catch on the ring, (or vice versa),
engaging with one or other of the holes and capable of being freed by slight

page_text: pressure, the locking in position of the rings and the change from an operative to
an inoperative position, (or vice versa), can be readily effected.
The chain tubes are connected together by links attached to the outer ends of
the chain tubes. These links may be connected by pin or other joints. I prefer
however to form the links with a hook or pin at one end and an eye at the,other
end; the link being formed of spring steel so that one end can be sprung on one
side or up or down, to connect or disconnect two adjacent links.
By making a suitable dent on the periphery of the chain tube and a projection
to fit the same on the rings, (or vice versa), in suitable positions, the flat portion of
both the tube and rings may be dispensed with, the periphery being everywhere
circular.
Dated this 3rd day of November 1893.
J. CLARK JEFFERSON,
2, East Parade, Leeds, Agent for Applicant.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Loom Pattern Mechanism.
I LEONARD GLOVER of Wortley Low Mills, Leeds in the County of York
Woollen Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in
and by the following statement :-
My invention refers to improvements in the mechanism for regulating or
controlling the movement of the levers for moving the warp, and for controlling the
motion of the shuttle boxes and picking arms, whereby the pattern is produced in
the fabric; and is equally applicable for controlling dobbies or engines in .which
bowls and bushes, or lags and pegs, or strikers, or perforated cards are at present
employed.
The object of my invention is the construction of the said mechanism in such a
manner, that the necessary alterations for producing a fresh design can be readily
and rapidly performed, (and without disconnecting the pattern mechanism unless
the chain requires lengthening or shortening). My invention is carried out in one
or other of two principle forms according as it is intended to be used in the place
of a chain of perforated cards, (which are used in connection with needles or rods as
in the Jacquard engine); or in place of strikers, bowls and bushes, or lags and
pegs, (which are used in connection with levers).
The main characteristic of my invention, underlying both forms consists in
constructing the pattern chain of a series of metal tubes or cylinders, connected
together parallel to each other by side links, and in fitting on such tubes or
cylinders side by side pieces or short pieces of tubing or rings of spring steel, which
by rotation through a small part of a circle about the tube or cylinder, may be
placed in either an operative or in an inoperative position; aud further in providing
both the long tubes or cylinders and the short tubes or rings with flattened or
dented portions, whereby and owing to the elasticity or tension of the rings, the
latter are retained under working conditions securely in one or other (i.e. the
operative or inoperative) of the positions to which they may have been respectively
adjusted; but not held with such force as to prevent their intentional adjustment
by the attendant.
For the sake of brevity the longer tubes or cylinders will be designated the axial
tubes or cylinders; and the shorter tubes or rings termed rings in the Provisional
Specification will hereinafter be designated clips.
Where my invention is intended to be used in the place of a chain of perforated
cards as in the Jacquard engine, the longer axial tubes are left open over their
whole length, the width of the opening covering an angle at the centre of the axial

page_text: tube approximately equal to the angle of the before-mentioned rotation of the clips.
Further one or more (preferably two) flat sides are formed over the whole length
of the tube on one side of and close to the aforesaid longitudinal opening, each flat
side subtending similarly an angle equal to the aforesaid angle of rotation. The
clips are formed with the same cross section as the axial tubes, the edges on each
side of the longitudinal opening in the clips being bent outwards to form lips or
projections, to facilitate manipulating the clips from the operative to the inoperative
positions. It will be evident that where the clips are so placed, that the unclosed
portions of the clips are over the unclosed portion of the tube, there will be spaces
or holes corresponding to the holes in the perforated cards; and that where one of
the flat sides of the clips covers the longitudinal opening of the tube, such flat side
corresponds to one of the unperforated parts of the cards. Also owing to the fact
that in either position of the clips, the flat sides of the clips rest on both flat sides
of the axial tube, (or on one flat side and over the opening of the axial tube), so
that the clips cannot be rotated without expanding themselves, (or compressing the
axial tube), some force is necessary to rotate them. By making the axial tubes
and the clips of sufficient strength and suitably tempering the latter, this force may
be made sufficient to retain the clips in either position under working conditions,
without preventing their intentional rotation.
In the case where my invention is intended to be used instead of a chain of
strikers, or of bowls and bushes, or of lags and pegs, the axial tubes are formed
completely closed, with two adjoining flat sides, each subtending an angle at the
centre of the tube equal to the angle of rotation of the clips; and to further
support the clips against the pressure of the levers against which the clips act, the
end edge of one of the flat sides may be bent up to form a ridge. The clips,
which for the sake of distinguishing them from the previously mentioned clips, will
hereinafter be designated striker clips', are formed as an unclosed circle in section,
with a triangular shaped projecting portion, which serves as a cam or striker. The
base of the triangular striking part rests in both the operative and the inoperative
position on one or other of the previously mentioned flat sides of the axial tube.
Both the base of the striking part and the unclosed portion of the clip subtend
each an angle equal to the angle of rotation of the clip. If the previously
mentioned ridge on the axial tube is dispensed with, the clips may be completely
closed.
It will be evident that in either of the above cases, the nature of my invention is
not altered, if the axial tubes and clips are made circular in section without any
flat sides; the flat sides being replaced by corresponding dents or depressions; for
example by hemispherical dents, a hemisperical dent on the clips fitting in one or
other of two corresponding dents on the axial tube, when the clips are in either the
operative or the inoperative position. The dents are made sufficiently deep to
lock the clip in position under working conditions, but not sufficiently so as to
prevent an intentional alteration from one position to the other when desired.
Neither is the nature of my invention altered if the axial cylinders are made
solid, in which case, when my invention is used instead of a chain of perforated
cards, the solid cylinder is provided with a complete row of holes, some of which
are covered and others left open (i.e. uncovered) by the clips. Also instead of
having axial tubes with a longitudinal opening from end to end, the tube may be
closed and provided with a complete row of holes.
Lastly the striker clips instead of being formed of thin sheet metal, inay be
formed of stout wire and fitted in circular grooves formed by corrugating the axial
tubes, or turning, where solid' axial cylinders are employed.
And in order that my invention and the manner in which the same is to be
performed may be more readily and clearly understood, I have annexed hereto the
accompanying sheets of drawings in which
Fig. 1 is a longitudinal side view or plan of a part of a pattern chain, constructed
in accordance with my invention, intended to be used instead of a chain of
perforated pattern cards.

page_text: Fig. 2 is a cross section on line A B of Fig. 1, and
Fig. 3 is an end view of the chain on line C D of Fig. 1 shewing the side
connecting links.
Figs. 4, 5 and 6 are views corresponding respectively to Figs. 1, 2 and 3 of a
chain constructed according to my invention, and intended to be used instead of a
chain of strikers, or pegs, or bushes and bowls, or peg cylinders.
Figs. 7 to 14 are views of details hereinafter referred to.
The same reference letters are used for the same or corresponding parts in all
the views.
H is the fluted cylinder, round which and by which the chain is moved.
In Figs. 1, 2, and 3 a, a, indicate the axial tubes or cylinders, which are shewn
in section to an enlarged scale in Fig. 7, and Fig. 8 is a plan of a tube with the
longitudinal opening uppermost. The flat portion of the tubes is indicated in
Figs. 2, 7 and 8 by c. dd are the connecting links having an eye at one end and
a hook at the other, and shewn to an enlarged scale in Fig. 14. Each link is
attached to the tubes a by means of two lugs or tongues e, left on each end of the
tubes a, which are passed through narrow cross slits formed in the link, the ends of
the lugs or tongues being bent over as shewn in Figs. 1 and 3.
The links may
however be attached by soldering or rivetting them, or other convenient means.
The attachment of the links to the axial tubes is made after the clips ff¹ (next
referred to) have been slipped on to the tubes. To strengthen the hook ends of
the links the tongue piece forming the hook may be curved (in two directions) as
shewn in the enlarged view Fig. 14.
ff are the clips which are slipped over the tubes close against each other, and
have a similar section to that of the tubes a, with the exception that the edges
next to the unclosed part are bent outwards as shewn at g to facilitate their
manipulation. A cross section of the clips ff' to an enlarged scale is shewn in
Fig. 9. By pressing these ends of the clips in one direction or the other, they
may be moved through the above-mentioned arc of rotation (as shewn in the
drawings about 50 degrees), so as to leave the longitudinal opening 6 of the axial
tubes uncovered as shewn by the clips marked f, or closed as shewn by the clips
marked f; in the former position they correspond to the holes in the cards at
present used, and in the latter to the unperforated portions of the cards.
hh are the ferrules on the ends of the axial tubes for the purpose of
strengthening the ends of the tubes, and preventing the end clips rubbing against
the links d, and for keeping the end clips at a suitable distance from the links.
Further to prevent the tubes being compressed, cross pieces or diaphragms may
be placed at suitable distances apart within the tube, or across the longitudinal
opening b.
In Figs. 4, 5 and 6, the axial tubes a are formed completely closed, with two
flat portions s and t as already mentioned, and may have the end edge of the flat
side bent up at right angles to form a ridge as shewn at to support the
strikers ff against the pressure of the levers against which they act.
A cross
section of the axial tubes is shewn to an enlarged scale in Fig. 10 and a similar
cross section of the striker clips ffi in Fig. 11.
The striker clips ff are formed as shewn with a triangular shaped striking
part, the base of which rests against the flat portion of the tube marked s when in
the operative position, as shewn by the striker clips marked f'; and against the
flat side marked when in the inoperative position, as indicated by the clips
lettered f.
'Instead of securing the clips in position by flat sides on the axial tubes and on
the clips, or as a supplementary security, each clip may be provided with a single
depression or a hemispherical dent, (see m. Fig. 13), and also corresponding
portions of the axial tubes with two rows of corresponding depressions or
dents n Fig. 12, the former m fitting in the latter n' when the clips are
in the operative, and in n when in the inoperative position. A projecting
tongue piece o, Fig. 13, is punched and bent outwards from the metal of the clip,

page_text: to prevent derangement of the pattern when "picking_back,” (i.e. unweaving, or
noving the chain cylinder in the reverse direction), and a corresponding groove is
formed in the bottom of the flutings of the chain cylinder.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is:
1°. The construction of pattern chains for looms characterized by the use of
axial tubes or cylinders, which are left unclosed or provided with a complete row
of holes over a portion of the circumference, and have an adjoining similar portion
of the circumference formed flat, and connected together at the ends by links, and
provided with rings or clips, likewise left unclosed over a portion of the
circumference and having an adjoining similar portion of the circumference formed
flat; the said rings or clips owing to the aforesaid flat portions and to the elastic
tension of the clips grasping the tubes with sufficient force to hold the clips
securely under working conditions either in the operative or inoperative position,
but not sufficiently to prevent the rings or clips being intentionally manipulated
from the one position to the other.
2°. The construction of pattern chains for looms according to Claim 1° in which
however the flat portions of the clips and of the axial tubes or cylinders are
replaced by equivalent dents or depressions as herein set forth.
3°. The construction of pattern chains for looms characterized by the use of
axial tubes or cylinders, having a portion of the circumference formed as two
adjoining flat sides, (or with two rows of dents or depressions), connected together
at the ends by links and provided with flat (closed or) unclosed rings or clips; the
said rings or clips being provided with a projecting striking part, and having a
portion of the circumference formed flat or dented, such flat or dented portions
resting on one or other of the flat or dented portions of the tube or cylinder when
in either the operative or the inoperative position, whereby and owing to the elastic
tension of the metal of the clips or rings, the said clips or rings grasp the tube or
cylinder with sufficient force to retain them securely in the one position or the
other under working conditions, whilst not preventing the intentional manipulation
of the clips or rings from the one (operative) position to the other (inoperative)
position, or vice versa.
4°. Pattern chains for looms constructed substantially as illustrated in the
accompanying four sheets of drawings or according to modifications of the same
herein set forth.
Dated this lot day of Au1001
J. CLARK JEFFERSON,
2, East Parade, Leeds, Agent for Applicant.