Improvements in the Manufacture of Stop Valves.
Year: 1896

page_text: Date of Application, 14th Feb., 1896
Complete Specification Left, 14th Nov., 1896-Accepted, 16th Jan., 1897
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Manufacture of Stop Valves.
I, DONALD BARNS MORISON, of the Hartlepool Engine Works, Hartlepool,
in the County of Durham, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention
to be as follows:-
My invention relates to the manufacture of stop valves subjected to internal
pressure, as for example the stop valves on steam boilers. It has hitherto been
customary to manufacture the casings of such valves by casting them in iron, steel
or brass, but with the high pressures at present in use there is an element of
weakness and of consequent danger in any such casting. Now the object of my
invention is to construct a stop valve which shall be of greater comparative
strength and which shall possess a greater factor of safety than the valves now in
general use.
For this purpose suitable metal, for example rolled steel, is pressed, drawn or
otherwise formed by suitable means to the required shapes, and the various parts
afterwards screwed, rivetted, welded or otherwise secured together, so as to forin a
valve case or structure of material of uniform quality and of which the ultimate
'strength can be ascertained before it is pressed or otherwise formed into the
required shape.
As an example I will describe my invention as applied to a stop valve, such as
may be employed on a high pressure steam boiler, and which consists of a casing
with one branch to the boiler and one branch to the steam pipe, fitted with a cover
and gland, and containing the usual valve, valve spindle and valve seat.
From a plate or disc of rolled steel of a uniform or varying thickness, is formed,
in one or other of the ways mentioned and by suitable dies or other means, a
cylinder or vessel the upper end of which is formed with an outwardly extending
flange for the attachment of the valve cover and the lower end of which is con-
tracted or formed with an inwardly extending flange or perforated bottom
provided with a central outwardly extending tubular portion. The cylinder or
vessel is perforated at one side and provided by drawing or otherwise, with an
outwardly extending lateral tubular portion that is or may be at right angles, or
approximately so to the other outwardly extending tubular portion. Thus the
cylinder or vessel with its upper flange contracted lower end or perforated bottom,
and the two outwardly extending or tubular portions are made of one piece of
plate metal. To each of the outwardly extending tubular portions is screwed,
rivetted, welded or otherwise secured one end of a tube the other end of which is
provided with an outwardly extending flange, thereby producing a valve case with
two branches at right angles to each other. The branch tubes are each made in
one of the ways mentioned from a separate dise or plate of metal.
In another construction, the valve body or case and lower branch are formed in
one piece of plate metal by pressing or otherwise, and the side branch is secured
to the cylindrical portion of the valve body or case, which may be flattened to
receive it.
The valve cover may also be of rolled steel, and be provided with a central
cylindrical extension, formed by pressing or otherwise in suitable dies, for the
eception of or to constitute the stuffing box. In the former case, the stuffing box
may be formed at one end with a shoulder to abut against the inner end of the

page_text: cylindrical extension, and at the other end with a screw thread which engages a
screw out or ring that bears against the outer side of the cover and holds the
stuffing box in place.
The welding of the parts together may be effected electrically or otherwise.
When the parts are rivetted or screwed together, the edges of the joints may be
electrically fused or welded so as to ensure perfect tightness.
I do not confine myself to any particular design of valve casing, nor to any
particular material, or form or a number of parts constituting, when fastened or
united together, the complete casing or structure. The valve casing is provided
with a valve seat that may be carried by the perforated bottom of the valve body
or case, or by the lower branch tube; a valve proper, carried by a screw threaded
spindle that may extend through a bridge picce connected to the cover of the
valve case and is provided with a crank handle; also with packing and other parts
all of which may be of any suitable design, to form the complete valve.
Dated this 14th day of February 1896.
W. LLOYD WISE,
46 Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, W.C., Chartered Patent Agent.
Improvements in the Manufacture of Stop Valves.
I, DONALD BARNS MORISON, of the Hartlepool Engine Works, Hartlepool,
in the County of Durham, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement :-
It has heretofore been usual to construct the casings of stop valves by casting
them in iron, steel, or brass, but with the high steam pressures at present in use
such casings are liable to fail with most disastrous results. Many failures have
taken place on ships resulting in loss of life and destruction of property, and it is
well recognized by engineers that cast stop valves are one of the weakest and most
unreliable details of modern high pressure steam machinery.
Now this invention has for object to produce a stop valve which can be relied
upon to withstand high internal pressures, and the stresses due to vibration and
expansion, as well as the great stresses to which high pressure valves are often
subjected when being closed, and so obviate the disadvantages inherent to stop
valves made in the ordinary manner with cast casings. For this purpose my
invention consists in making the casing or body of a stop valve of rolled, hammered,
pressed or otherwise forged plate metal of known and ascertainable strength, such
as steel or bronze, which is pressed, drawn or otherwise formed by suitable means
to the required shapes, and the various parts afterwards screwed, rivetted, welded
or otherwise secured to the body so as to form a valve case or structure of material
of uniform quality and of which the ultimate strength can be ascertained before it
is formed by pressing or forging into the required shape.
As an example I will describe by the aid of the accompanying illustrative
drawings, my invention as applied to a stop valve, such as may be employed on a
high pressure steam boiler.
In these drawings, Fig. 1 is a vertical section, partly in elevation, showing the
stop valve complete and Figs. 2 to 5 inclusive, are sectional elevations showing by
way of example suitable means for pressing the valve casing to shape. The
casing A with its upper flange B, contracted tubular part C, and the three tubular
projections D, E, F, are made in one piece of metal to which the desired formation

page_text: is imparted by pressure in suitable dies (Figs. 2, 3, 4, 5). The method of
manufacture illustrated is as follows:-
A disc of plate metal of the kind mentioned and suitably heated, is first cupped,
as shown in Fig. 2, between a pair of dies GH of which G is operated by any
suitable means such as a hydraulic plunger. The plate is then drawn between
dies GH to the form shown in Fig. 3, and then pressed and drawn between
dies G H2 (Fig. 4) to the finished size with a contracted tubular part C and a
tubular projection D which is formed by forcing a loose punch I through a hole
cut in the bottom of the partly formed casing. Then each lateral tubular
projection E F (Fig. 1) is first formed by cupping and afterwards by forcing
through a hole J cut in the cupped part of the wall of the partly finished casing, a
preliminary punch similar to but smaller in diameter than K (Fig. 5) and after-
wards forcing the opening so formed over a finishing punch K. This punch is
carried by a pike horn L (Fig. 5) which is provided with a removable support M
which extends through the opposite hole J in the casing. The metal around each
hole J is forced over the punches K by a die G³.
To each of the hollow projections D, E, F, is screwed (or it might be rivetted,
welded or otherwise secured) one end of a tube (respectively D', E', F¹ Fig. 1)
the other end of which is provided with an outwardly extending flange D³, E³, F¹
thereby producing a valve case with two diametrically arranged branches arranged
at right angles to the remaining branch. The branch tubes D', E', are each
made from a separate disc or piece of plate metal by pressing and drawing in
suitable dies.
When the valve casing A is to be made with only one how lateral projection E
or F in addition to the longitudinal one D, the free end of the pike horn L may be
carried by a support M¹ outside the casing as shown in Fig. 54.
A feature of value is the construction of the lower branch of the valve, the
tubular projection of which is screwed or otherwise connected to the body in such
a manner and to such a distance that its upper edge serves to support the valve
seat, or if this lower branch was made of brass the top of the flange would serve
for the seat. This construction has definite advantages, as it would be practically
impossible to obtain by pressing in dies plate metal of metallic minimum thickness
anything but a rounded corner at the point where the downwardly projecting
tubular extension D is formed on the lower portion of the casing, and this rounded
corner would not admit of a satisfactory bedding for the valve seat, whereas in the
construction I have adopted the inwardly projecting edge of the lower branch
forms a most convenient method for the bedding of the seat, and not only so, but
the stress on the material is concentrated on the screwed portion supplemented if
required by rivets the strength of which is ascertainable and definite, so that the
construction is rendered safer and stronger than in any of the ordinary designs at
present in use.
In another construction shown in Fig. 6, the valve body or case A and lower
branch D are formed in one piece of plate metal by pressing or otherwise, as
before, and the side branch E' is secured to the cylindrical portion of the valve
body or case, which may be flattened to receive it.
When the parts of the valve are welded together this may be effected
electrically or otherwise. When the parts are rivetted or screwed together, the
edges of the joints may be electrically fused or welded so as to ensure perfect
tightness.
To the flange B in each construction is secured a cover N which is also of plate
or forged metal and is provided with a central cylindrical extension, formed by
pressing or otherwise in suitable dies, for the reception of or to constitute the
stuffing box.
In the former case, which is the one shown in the drawings, the cover is provided
with au inwardly projecting open ended tubular part N¹ into which is fitted a
suitable gun metal stuffing box O. This stuffing box is formed at one end with a
shoulder O¹ that abuts against the inner end of the tubular part N¹, and at the

page_text: other end with a screw thread which engages a screw nut or ring O' that bears
against the outer side of the cover and holds in place the stuffing box.
Through the stuffing box extends the spindle P whose lower end carries the
valve Q, the seat of which is formed in a gun metal bush R, having a flange R¹
which rests on an annular ledge D formed by the inner end of the tube D'.
The upper end of the valve spindle may be screw threaded and arranged to
work through a correspondingly screw threaded bridge piece connected to the
cover of the valve case, a handle being provided on the spindle for rotating it.
A cover constructed according to my invention may advantageously be used
with the casing of a stop valve constructed otherwise than as hereinbefore
described.
My invention consists not in a method of stamping or forging but in the
embodiment of such stampings or forgings in a valve in such a manner as to result
in an improved manufacture of stop valve whereby the same is rendered safer,
stronger and lighter than hitherto.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim is
1. A stop valve constructed substantially as described with its casing of plate
metal such as hereinabove referred to pressed, drawn forged or otherwise formed
to shape in dies as set forth.
2. A stop valve.having a cover made of plate metal with a central cylindrical
-extension formed by pressing or otherwise and serving for the reception of or to
constitute the stuffing box substantially as described.
3. My improved stop valve constructed substantially as hereinbefore described
with reference to and shown in Fig. 1, or modified according to Fig. 6 of the
drawings annexed..