Improvements in Type Writers and Matrix Machines.
Year: 1892

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Type Writers and Matrix Machines.
We, THOMAS TINSLEY HEATH, of Loveland, Clermont County, State of Ohio,
United States of America, Attorney, and ALOIS NICHOLAS VERDIN, of Glendale,
Hamilton County, State of Ohio, United States of America, Mechanician, do
hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement :-
66
"
1
This invention pertains to a machine for impressing types, one by one, upon or
into a surface to produce matter to be read, or to produce a matrix from which
printing plates can be produced by electrotyping or stereotyping. The machine
contains a case holding a type for each character to be produced: a finger-key for
each type: a carriage to support the pad on or in which the impression is to be
made: additional finger-keys for moving the pad when a space is to be produced:
and a main driving-shaft. A given key being depressed causes the appropriate
type to impress itself upon or into the pad and then causes the pad to advance,
in the direction of the line being printed, a distance appropriate to the type
which has just operated, thus putting the pad in proper position to receive the
impression from the next type. The depression of a spacing key produces an advance
of the pad, in the direction of the line without any type being impressed upon it.
At the end of a line the pad automatically retreats for the beginning of the next
line and rises to the level of the new line. All of the work of the machine is
performed by the main driving-shaft, the finger-keys being virtually mechanical
indicators which determine the degree of given motions which shall result from
transmissions from the driving-shaft.
The case of type contains as many characters as may be desired, but, preferably,
the case will contain a single font. Fonts may be instantly changed by lifting off
the case of type and replacing it with another. The capacity of the machine for
variety of work is therefore only limited by the number of font-cases on hand.
Justification is fully and perfectly provided for, and as it is a matter more of
method than machine it may be well to dispose of the subject before going into a
consideration of the machine itself.
Taking an ordinary font of English type it will be found that a comma represents
a minimum of width or space. Taking this width as a unit it will, following ordinary
proportions, be found that a number of other characters require the same width:
that a lower case i and a number of other characters take two of the units: that
capital W takes seven of the units and that all of the several characters of the
font are represented by from one to seven of these units of width.. For instance, a
capital H having been impressed upon the pad the pad must advance four units to
he in position to receive the impression from the next type, capital H being four
units in width. In our machine this unit is the minimum side feed of the pad, and
the finger-key pertaining to a given type insures that type going into operative
position and, after the type has been impressed, insures a side feed to the pad
corresponding with the number of feed units pertinent to that type. There are
seven space keys which, when one of them is depressed, will cause the pad to feed
from one to seven of the unit spaces without any type being impressed upon the
pad. Assume two units as the normal spacing between words. Then we may cast
up copy, so many units for each several letter, and two units for each space between
words. Assume we are working on an ordinary newspaper column two and three-
eighth inches wide, equal to, say, one hundred and twenty-eight units of feed for

page_text: the font in hand. Copy may be cast up and line-ends marked to bring the te
of words or syllables within the one hundred and twenty-eight units, and sh
may be made up by adding a unit here and there to the spaces between wor
copy may be cast up and checked by pencil in advance, or the skilled operat
do the work in his head as he goes along.
FORMAL SCHEDULE OF DRAWINGS,
Fig. 1: Perspective view illustrating prime factors of the problem.
Fig. 2 Rear elevation of stop-clutch mechanism.
Fig. 3-Face view of stop-clutch mechanism, minus the pulley.
Fig. 4 Horizontal section of stop-clutch stationary rim.
Fig. 5 Face view of stop-clutch-cam.
Fig. 6-Front elevation of type case and face-plate.
Fig. 7-Side elevation of type-case and vertical section of face-plate.
Fig. 8-Horizontal section of type-case socket, bottom view.
Fig. 9-Side elevation of plunger mechanism and type-case-lifter.
Fig. 10-Front elevation of plunger mechanism.
Fig. 11-Perspective view of plunger-end.
Fig. 12-Rear perspective of face-plate and pressure-finger.
Fig. 13-Front perspective of face-plate and finger-rocker.
Fig. 14-Side elevation of pressure-finger rocker.
Fig. 15 Front perspective of pad-carrying devices.
Fig. 16-Rear perspective of pad-carrying devices.
Fig. 17-Rear elevation of machine, illustrating pad-feed system.
Fig. 18-Rear elevation of a pad-lifting ratchet-mechanism.
Fig. 19-Transverse section of rim of back-feeding pulley.
Fig. 20-Section of an exemplifying feed-pawl.
Fig. 21-Perspective view of feed-measuring devices.
Fig. 22-Plan of the same.
Fig. 23-Side elevation of feed-measuring curtain and dogs.
Fig. 24-Rear elevation of same.
Fig. 25-Side elevation of lift-measuring devices.
Fig. 26-Plan of same.
Fig. 27-Side elevation of lift-measuring curtain and dogs.
Fig. 28-Rear elevation of same.
Fig. 29-Side elevation, parts in section, of the swing-measuring devices
Fig. 30 Front elevation, parts in section, of the same.
:
Fig. 31-Plan of the same.
Fig. 32-Bottom view of swing-rack.
Fig. 33 Front elevation of swing-locking mechanism.
Fig. 34-Plan of the same.
Fig. 35-Vertical transverse section of same.
Fig. 36-Plan of pad-backing lock.
Fig. 37-Elevation of same.
Fig. 38-Front view of spacing-scale.
Fig. 39-Side view, part section, of spacing-scale.
Fig. 40-Plan of machine, below table top.
Fig. 41-Elevation, part section, of a finger-key.
Fig. 42-Bottom view of finger-key guide.
Fig. 43: Perspective view at foot of spacing-keys 16.
Fig. 44-Side elevation of machine, with frame in vertical section.
Fig. 45-Plan of exemplifying key-board.
Fig. 46 Perspective view of machine.
Segregable mechanisms are independently described and, in cases indepe
illustrated, a drawing-figure to illustrate a given segregable mechanism
ignoring the existence of associate mechanism.

page_text: PRIME FACTORS OF THE PROBLEM.
(Fig. 1.)
An understanding of the principles of construction of our machine will be more
qquickly arrived at from a thorough analysis of the prime factors involved in the
problem of its work and this analysis can be well made from Fig. 1 of the accom-
panying drawing which is a perspective view illustrating, without any respect for
proportion, the fundamental mechanical elements on which the machine is based.
In this analysis this figure of the drawing is to be considered without reference to
any other of the figures of the drawing.
In this figure of the drawing:
1, indicates the bed or fixed part of the machine, whose only office is to give
support to the moving parts:
2, the driving-shaft which is to supply all the power and motion for the opera-
tions, subject to the indications of finger-keys, this shaft standing normally
stationary, but going into motion and making one complete rotation at the touch of
any finger-key:
3, the pad on or in which the impression is to be made by the type, this pad
being of paper or wood or any suitable matrix-making or impression-receiving
material according to whether the machine is to be used for the production of an
intaglio matrix or of a mere surface impression by inked type or transfer ribbon
or paper:
4, an eye disposed in front of the pad in fixed position and through which the
type will pass and be guided as it goes to the pad:
5, a pressure-finger near the face of the pad close to the eye and intended to
press against the pad at the time of impression near the impression spot to guard
against possible buckling in the pad and against facial movement of the pad as the
type withdraws from it, this finger being free from the pad at other times:
6, a fixed bar with its inner end against or near the rear surface of the pad, or
its holder, this bar forming the anvil which backs up the pad as it receives the
impression :
7, the line of collimation passing through the anvil, the impression spot upon the
pad, the eye 4 through which each type has to make its impression, and through
the plunger which is to press the given type to its work:
8, the plunger, disposed in the line of collimation, in front of the pad and arranged
to move to and from the pad, its forward motion toward the pad serving to force
to the pad any type which may have been brought into the line of collimation:
9, a type case containing all of the type, the type being parallel with the line of
collimation and arranged in several segmental rows, but two types appearing in the
illustration, as the present analysis will deal with but two, the case of type being
arranged to raise or lower and to swing sidewise in either direction so as to bring
any given type into the line of collimation and between the pad and the plunger:
10, a shaft at the axis of swinging motion of the type case, each segmental row
of type being on an arc struck from this axis with a radius equal to the distance
from the axis to the line of collimation :
11, one of the types in the type case, being the capital Z, the inner further end
of this type having the character upon it, and the outer end projecting so as to
attack by the plunger when the plunger advances, it being understood that in this
elemental drawing the parts have been normally separated in the direction of the
line of collimation, for the purposes of clearness of delineation:
12, another of the types in the type case, this being the lower case e, it being
noticed that, while only two types are shown in the type case mere dots represent
the position of the balance of the types, and that type 12 is in the upper row just
to the right of the center, while type 11 is in the lower row and much to the left:
13, a finger-key pertaining to type 11 (which is capital Z) and occupying a
position on the key board corresponding to the position occupied by its appropriate

page_text: type in the case, except that lower row in type case corresponⱭs to upper row
in key board:
14, a finger-key similarly pertaining to type 12, which is lower case e, this finger-
key having an appropriate position on the key-board viz.: lower row first to the
right of center:
15, a finger-key pertinent to no one of the types but intended to produce a pad-
travel equal to the minimum or unit of feed in the direction of the line being
printed:
16, additional keys for other values of mere pad-feed representing, say, five, six
and beven respectively, of the units of pad-feed, it being understood that at the
other end of the key board there are three more space-keys representing, respec-
tively, two, three and four of the units of feed.
"
Ignoring, for the present, the presence of type and plunger, we will assume that
space-key 1 be depressed. It is then the duty of the driving-shaft to make one
complete revolution and move the pad to the left a distance equal to the unit of
space. If the key be depressed again a second similar feed would be produced, and
twice the time would be consumed. Seven units of feed may be produced by seven
actuations of this unit key, but seven units of time, corresponding with seven
impulses of the machine, will have been consumed. One of the space-keys 16
corresponds to seven units of feed, and if this key be depressed the driving-shaft
will make one revolution and the pad will feed seven units of distance, and at one
impulse of the machine. Thus a touch upon a selected spacing key may produce,
at one impulse of the machine and in a unit of time, a pad-feed corresponding to
any desired number of units within the maximum of seven. The spacing keys are
to be employed for spacing without impression of types. It should now be com-
prehended that the various types would require various multiples of the unit of
pad-feed and that it is only necessary, in arranging for the feed pertinent to each
type, to cause the mechanism which brings the type into action to act also upon the
same feed mechanism which would have been acted upon had a space-key been
pressed to produce the amount of feed proper for that type. In other words, when
key 13, pertinent to capital Z, is pressed, it must have the same effect upon the
feed mechanism as would have resulted if the space-key pertinent to four units had
been pressed, capital Z requiring four units of feed. Briefly, on this point, there
are seven degrees of spacing available by spacing keys acting on intermediate
mechanism, and any type key will act on the same intermediate mechanism and
produce a feed appropriate to that type. It should now be understood that space-
keys are to advance the pad without type impression, and that type-keys, regardless
of what else they may do, are to advance the pad in degree as required by the
several types.
While on the subject of feed it is to be understood that when the feed has
exhausted a line the pad must retreat to reach the beginning of a new line and rise
to receive the new line. These movements are provided for automatically.
It is the duty of pressure-finger 5 to stand normally free of the face of the
pad, but as the type is being impressed and withdrawn, press the face of the pad
fairly to the anvil or to the pad-holding surface.
It is the duty of plunger 8 to stand normally back, but, when a given type has
been brought into the line of collimation, move forward and press that type
through the eye 4 and impress it upon the pad, and then retreat and permit the
type to retreat. It may here be stated that we arrange the plunger to not only
press the selected type to its work but to draw it back to its normal. position,
instead of depending on a spring to effect the retreat of the type.
It is now a question of bringing a selected type into the line of collimation. It
will be seen that the line of collimation cuts the center of the upper type-row.
But there is no type at that point, what would be the central vertical row being
entirely blank. This is the normal position of the type case.
If type 12, which
is lower-case e, is wanted for action, the type case must swing to the left, on
shaft 10 as an axis, until this type is in the line of collimation. There are ten

page_text: vertical rows of type to the left of the center, and ten to the right, and there are
ten degrees of swinging motion in each direction for the type case. Type 12 is
in the first row to the right and consequently calls for the first degree of swinging
motion to the left. The upper row being struck from axis 10 the swinging motion
can by itself bring any type of that row into the line of collimation. If a type.
in any but the upper row is wanted then the type case must be raised. Type 11,
which is capital Z, is in the lower row. There are five horizontal segmental
rows, and five degrees of lifting for the type case. To bring type 11 into action
would therefore require five degrees of lifting for the type case and five degrees of
swinging to the right. If key 13, pertaining to type 11, which is capital Z be
depressed, it should cause the type case to make five degrees of elevation and
then to swing with five degrees of motion to the right. If key 14, pertaining to
type 12, which is lower case e, be depressed, it should cause one degree leftward
swinging of the type case but no elevation. The motion of the type case is
produced by the driving-shaft, and the type-keys determine the degree of lift and
swing which will be given to the type case. It may here be stated that we
provide for automatically locking the type case to position after the selected type
has been brought into the line of collimation.
It should now be understood that, in the example chosen in Fig. 1, there are
seven degrees of feed, five degrees of case-lift, ten degrees of case-swing, and
two directions of case-swing. The touch upon a selected type-key must determine
the number of degrees of these various motions which the particular type requires.
to bring it into the line of collimation.
The driving-shaft gives an impulse to the machine at each complete rotation,.
and it is normally stationary. A touch on a finger-key causes the shaft to make
one rotation and perform the work which has been measured out by the key and
then returns the type-case to normal position. The operation may with propriety
be described at this point. Key 13 being depressed the driving-shaft starts into
motion; the type case lifts to the fifth degree; the type-case swings five degrees
to the right; the case locks in this position; the pressure-finger presses the pad ;
the plunger pushes type 11 to the pad; the plunger and type retreat; the pressure-
finger retreats; the plunger disengages from the type; the case-lock releases; the
case swings to its normal central position; the case descends to its normal level;
the pad moves to the left four units of distance, corresponding to capital Z; the
driving-shaft has exactly completed its single rotation and comes to rest; and all
the parts are in normal position.
The foundation principles of the machine having thus been analyzed its details
can be more readily comprehended. The segregable mechanisms will be
described and, generally, in connection with drawing-figures showing the given
mechanism alone.
It having been explained that the depression of any finger-key first results in
the setting of devices to determine the degree of motion which is to take place in
the mechanism, and then starts the driving-shaft into rotation to produce that
measured result, it is deemed proper at this point to explain the preferred form
of stop-clutch which permits the driving-shaft to be thus put into motion and
automatically and accurately stopped after it has made one complete rotation.
Fig. 2 is a rear elevation of the stop-clutch mechanism, the machine frame, and
the upper portion of the stationary clutch-rim appearing in vertical section:
Fig. 3 is a face view of the stop-clutch mechanism with the driving pulley
removed so as to expose the stationary clutch-rim and the driving-dog:
Fig. 4 a central horizontal section of the stationary clutch-rim :
Fig. 5 an end of the driving-shaft, showing the stop-clutch-can. In these
figures 1 is, as before, the stationary frame of the machine and 2 the driving-shaft.

page_text: 17, indicates the driving-pulley, loose on the driving-shaft, and provided upon
its inner face with ratchet teeth, this driving-pulley to be constantly driven by belt
so as to be at all times ready to be clutched to the shaft, the drawing showing this
pulley as having a groove for an additional cord belt, with which we are not at
present concerned :
18, a driving-dog fast upon so as to revolve with the driving-shaft and having
a side tooth adapted to engage the ratchet teeth of the driving-pulley, this dog
however being pivoted upon the driving-shaft so as to swing into and out of
engagement with the teeth of the pulley:
19, a stationary facial rim concentric with the shaft and presenting its face to
the rear of the dog so that when the dog engages a pulley-tooth the rim holds the
dog into engagement as the dog rotates, it therefore being obvious that if this rim
were continuous the dog would constantly engage the pulley and there would be no
means for disengaging the shaft from the pulley:
20, a notch in the face of this rim, back into which the dog may retreat when it
comes to the notch and thereby come out of engagement with the pulley-teeth, the
most advanced wall of the notch being square, as seen in Fig. 4, so that when the
dog goes into the notch it brings up square against this notch-wall and can go no
further:
21, a stationary incline disposed in front of the notch and forming an obstruc-
tion in the path of the rotating dog, the result being that the dog, rotating in
engagement with a pulley-tooth, meets this obstructing wedge and passes behind
it and becomes thereby withdrawn from the pulley-tooth and seated in the
notch:
22, a push-pin presenting its outer end at the rear of the notch and adapted, when
pushed outwardly, to push the dog out of the notch into engagement with a pulley-
tooth and allow the dog to go on its course :
23, a spring-latch in the wedge to prevent rebound of the dog as it strikes the
arresting square wall of the notch:
24, a lever mounted in the machine and forming the element which, when lifted,
will push the push-pin out, this lever being hereinafter termed the clutch-
lever:
25, connections consisting of a bell-crank and link for causing oscillations of the
clutch-lever to reciprocate the push-pin :
26, a cam on the driving-shaft to serve in depressing the clutch-lever and with-
drawing the push-pin in time to permit the dog to enter the notch when it reaches
it, this cam being hereinafter termed the clutch-cam:
27, a connection from the clutch-cam to the clutch-lever whereby, after the shaft
has started into rotation the clutch-lever will be pushed down and the push-pin
withdrawn from the notch :
28, a guide-link for this connection: and
29, the axial shaft of the clutch-lever.
The driving-pulley is always in rotation in the direction of its arrow but normally
the pin is back and the dog in the notch and out of engagement with the pulley-
teeth, therefore the shaft is stationary in an accurate normal position as determined
by the square wall of the notch. In this position the low or vacant part of the
clutch-cam is presented to the pin mechanism so that the cam is without office. If,
now, by any means whatever, we lift the clutch-lever, the pin will be pushed out
and the dog will engage a pulley-tooth and leave the notch and thereupon the
shaft rotates with the pulley, the cam immediately withdrawing the pin from the
notch. As soon as the dog reaches the wedge it goes into the notch and disengages
from the pulley and the shaft suddenly stops in accurate normal position and the
latch 23 prevents the rebound of the dog from the forward notch-wall. The shaft
will make another complete revolution if the clutch-lever be again lifted. There-
fore if a finger-key of the machine, after doing certain other things to determine
degrees of action to be produced by the driving-shaft, lifts the clutch-lever, it will
result in the driving-shaft making one complete revolution and then coming to rest

page_text: ready for the next installation of motion by the action of a finger-key. All of the
finger-keys of the machine, no matter what else they may do, have the effect of
lifting the clutch-lever. The low vacant place in the cam, standing normally
opposite the connection 27, permits the clutch lever to be lifted by the action of
any finger-key thus projecting the push-pin but, the shaft motion having been
initiated by the action of the push-pin in causing the dog to engage a pulley-tooth,
the cam at once forces the clutch-lever down and withdraws the pin and the dog is
bound to stop against the notch-wall, when it reaches it. There can therefore be
no malperformance on the part of the shaft as a result of uncertain or long
continued pressure on the finger-key. The clutch-lever having been lifted by the
depression of a key the cam forces the pin to normal position and a second positive
impulse of the clutch-lever is required in order to give any further impulse to the
driving-shaft.
In the preliminary analysis in connection with Fig. 1 a general idea of the
performance of the type-case was arrived at. It is now in order to look into the
details of its construction and the means for maintaining it in position of lift after
the lift has been made. The means for producing the lift and other motions will
not now be considered.
Fig. 6 is a front elevation of the type-case shown in connection with the stationary
face-plate disposed to the rear of it and against the face of which it oscillates, the
type-case being shown as in normal position, that is central as regards swing and
lowest as regards lift.
Fig. 7 is a vertical central section of the stationary face-plate, the type-case also
appearing in vertical transverse section at points, one point being at the location of
type 12, which is lower case e, and the other point being at the center of its
supporting socket.
Fig. 8 is a horizontal section of the socket viewed from the bottom.
Fig. 13 is a front perspective view of the face-plate.
30, indicates a stationary face-plate standing between the type-case and the pad
and supporting the eye 4 which was referred to in the preliminary analysis, the
type-case oscillating against the face of the face-plate whereby improper twisting
of the type-case at its supporting shank and socket is prevented:
31, a spring upon each type, serving to hold the type back in normal position
and preventing the type from accidentally moving forward and rubbing upon the
face-plate or catching in the eye, a shoulder on the type limiting its back
motion:
32, a clutch-notch upon the outer end of each type, adapted to be engaged by the
plunger, as will be later explained, each type being feathered in its socket in the.
type-case so as to guard against rotation of the type :
33, a socket formed vertically and centrally in the type-case and in a hub
projecting downward from it, this socket being adapted to be slipped upon an arm
which supports and oscillates the type-case, as will in the future be explained when
we come to consider the type-case-moving mechanism :
34, segmental ribs projecting from the face-plate toward the socket, the arc of
these ribs being struck from the center of oscillation of the type-case, that is to
say shaft 10 previously referred to, these ribs being absent at the center of their
common length, and extending sidewise so far that when the type-case is at its
extreme of swinging motion, in either direction, the socket-hubs will not have
passed beyond their outer ends; and
35, a series of teeth upon the back of the socket-hub adapted to engage the
segmental ribs, the position and number of the teeth being such as to properly
engage the segmental ribs in any of the five positions of lift of the type-case.
Assume the socket to set freely on a shauk on which it may rise and fall, but fall

page_text: no lower than the normal position, namely, with the top row of type tangent to the
plane of the line of collimation in which is disposed the eye 4. The type-case, as
before explained, has no central vertical row of type. If, without being lifted, the
type-case be swung to the right or to the left, any selected type of the top row
may be brought into line of collimation. Thus if we swing the case one degree to
the left, type 12, which is lower-case e, will be brought into the line of collima-
tion and will be ready to receive the plunger. When the type-case is thus swung
to the left for this letter the upper tooth of the socket will have engaged the
segmental ribs at the left and the type-case is thus positively locked against
improper lifting. After the selected type has been dealt with the type-case
returns to its normal central position and it is then at liberty to be lifted. Type 11
is capital Z and requires the fifth degree of lifting of the type-case and also five
degrees swing to the right. The type-case being lifted to the fifth degree brings
the lower row of type to the level of eye 4 and permits any type in this row to
be swung into position. When the type-case, thus lifted, is swung out of central
position other teeth of the socket engage the segmental ribs and prevent improper
rising or falling of the type-case. It is therefore seen that when the type case is
in central position it is at liberty to be raised so as to bring any desired circle of
type to the level of eye 4 and the plunger, but that when the type-case has been
swung out of central position it cannot have its vertical adjustment disturbed. It
is sufficient now to add that the case-lifting-mechanism simply raises and lowers the
type-case on its shank to the proper degree while in central position.
Attention is directed to the disposition of the type in the type-case. All are
upon arcs struck with a radius corresponding to the distance from the center of
shaft 10, which is the center of oscillation of the type-case, to the center of the
eye. The upper row will therefore normally coincide with the eye, and as any
arc of type is lifted to the level of the eye that arc will coincide with the eye as
the case is swung. The types are disposed in vertical rows and not in radial ones.
Consequently the circumferential distance from type to type is the same in each
are, thus permitting a given degree of swinging motion to apply uniformly to the
several arcs of type. The type-case may be as extended as desired. The exempli-
fication shows a case of such segmental extent as to receive five arcs of type having
twenty types each, thus giving one hundred types, ample for usual practical
conditions: A new font, or additional sorts, can be brought into use by simply
lifting the type-case off of its shank and replacing it with another one properly
provided with types.
It will be observed that the bringing of any type into the line of collimation
simply, resolves itself into a combination of three selections, one selection from five
degrees of lift, one selection; from ten degrees of. swing, and one selection from
two directions of swing. It is the duty of the type-key pertinent to a given type
to make these three selections.
It will be understood of course that the characters on the faces of the types will
be so disposed as to stand upright when brought to the line of collimation. Each
type is feathered in its socket in the type-case and the character is properly
disposed upon its inner end. Spring 31 is not depended upon as an agent to retract
the type. The plunger retracts the type by reason of its engagement with the
clutch-notch 32 as will in the future be explained.
T D

page_text: stands normally back and that it makes its stroke only after the type-case has been
adjusted to bring the given type into line with the plunger, unless it makes an idle
stroke for mere spacing. The normal level of the type-case is, as before explained,
such that the plunger coincides with its top row of type so that simple swinging
motion will permit any type in that row to engage the plunger.
Referring to the present figures of the drawing:
36, indicates a toggle connected with the rear of the plunger, which reciprocates
in a fixed guide and engaging its heel in the fixed abutment formed in the fixed
frame work of the machine :
37, a toggle-bar connected with the toggle and reaching downward toward the
driving-shaft, 2, of the machine :
38, a cam upon the driving-shaft, to give motion to the plunger, this cam being
hereinafter termed the plunger-cam, the cam being a facially grooved cam and
preferably made double as indicated in Fig. 10:
39, a pivoted arm whose free end engages the cam and the toggle-bar, the arm
thus serving as a guide-arm for the lower end of the toggle-bar:
40, the pivot-shaft to which this arm is secured, this shaft being hereinafter
termed the pressure-finger-shaft, as its only office, regarded as a rotatory element,
is in connection with the movement of the pressure-finger which is to be hereinafter
described and
41, a clutch-notch on the outer end of the plunger, adapted to engage the clutches
on the types.
The clutch-hooks of all the types present themselves normally in the same
vertical plane, and the clutch-notch of the plunger when in its normal or back
position, is in this same vertical plane. Consequently when the type-case is down,
which is its normal position, and the type-case is swung to the right or left, all of
the clutch-hooks of the top row of types may in turn make passing engagement with
the clutch-notch of the plunger. Similarly the clutch-hooks of any of the arcs of
type may sweep the clutch-notch of the plunger when the type case is properly
lifted. Having lifted the type-case to bring the desired row of types to the level
of the plunger, and having swung the type-case to bring the proper type of that
row to the plunger, we find the plunger-notch engaging the clutch-hook of that
type. All being ready for the stroke the plunger now moves forward, by the
obvious action of cam 38, and the type is impressed and then the plunger retreats,
pulling the type back to normal position. The case then descends to normal
position, leaving the plunger free from any type. It will thus be seen that a type,
after having been employed, is positively restored to normal position, the spring
upon the type not being necessary for this performance, the office of the spring
being simply to prevent the accidental displacement of the type.
It has been before explained that the work of bringing the proper type into the
line of collimation, in obedience to the indication of a proper finger-key, is performed
by the driving-shaft 2 and during a single rotation of the driving-shaft. The
driving-shaft, during this single rotation, must also produce the plunger movement.
We therefore see at once that cam 38 must have an idle "dwell" while the shaft is
adjusting the type-case and that it must then move the plunger to its work and back
again. It will be observed from Fig. 9 that the plunger-cam is of such form as to
perform its office in something less than the half revolution of the driving-shaft,
thus leaving somewhat more than a balf-revolution in which the driving-shaft may
perform its other offices.

page_text: Fig. 14 is a vertical section of the wedge and of the pressure-finger-shaft
heretofore referred to, showing the connections through which the finger-shaft
operates the wedge.
In the preliminary analysis it was explained that the pressure-finger normally
stood near but free from the pad near the eye, the finger pressing the pad just before
and during the impression and during the withdrawal of the type from the pad. It
will be clearly seen from Fig. 12 that the pressure-finger
is a flexible tongue
mounted on the rear of the face-plate.
42, indicates a wedge-piece arranged for vertical sliding motion in the rear of
the face-plate, the horizontal arm forming the wedge portion of this wedge-piece
sliding vertically behind the free end of the pressure-finger and being 80
arranged that a rising of the wedge results in the pushing outward of the pressure-
finger :
43, a rocker-arm mounted on the machine frame and engaging the wedge-piece
so that the rocker-arm may raise or lower the wedge-piece :
44, a rocker-arm united to the first rocker-arm:
45, an arm projecting upward from the pressure-finger-shaft 40:
46, a spring-connection from arm 45 to rocker-arm 44 whereby oscillations of
finger-shaft 40 result in reciprocations of the wedge-piece, the spring upon the
spring-connection endowing the lifting motion of the wedge-piece with yielding
variability.
From Fig. 9 it will be obvious that the finger-shaft, and an arm 45, oscillate in
unison with the plunger-motion, and it will be seen from Fig. 14 that forward motion
of the plunger means upward motion of the wedge, this resulting in pressing motion
of the pressure-finger. As the plunger retreats the wedge is drawn down and the
pressure-finger returns to normal non-pressing position. The spring-connection
relieves the upward movement of the wedge of positiveness, the spring yielding when
the pressure-finger meets a certain resistance at the pad, the degree of finger-
pressure being regulated by adjusting the tension of the spring.
(Figs. 6, 9 and 13.)
Consideration will not now be given to the mechanism for measuring the degree
of lift, as that matter pertains to the functions of the finger-keys to be later
explained. Attention will now be given simply to the immediate lifting devices.
The case is, as before explained, at liberty to rise and fall on its supporting shank
while in central position, the teeth 35 on the back of the case-socket then not being
interfered with by the segmental ribs 34 on the face-plate.
47, is a vertical slide mounted in guides on the front of the face-plate and having
at its upper end a segmental tooth engaging the lowermost teeth of the case-socket,
this slide being hereinafter termed the case-lifter. This case-lifter is normally
down and so is the case. If a type in the top row of the case is wanted, calling for
no lift, then the case swings to the proper degree,. the teeth of the socket then
engaging the segmental ribs of the face-plate. The segmental form of the tooth
of the case-lifter permits this swinging of the case without disturbing the vertical
relationship between case and case lifter. If the case makes an extreme swing to
the right or left its teeth may disengage entirely from the teeth of the case-lifter,
but when the case returns to normal central position it again engages the lifter the
tooth of the lifter always engaging the lower teeth of the case. If the lifter be
raised the case will be brought to position to swing certain of its teeth in line with
the segmental ribs of the face-plate, and a certain one of its arcs of type into the
line of collimation. The lifting motion of the case being thus understood it is
sufficient for the present to say that it is the duty of the main-shaft to raise the
case-lifter to such degree as may have been measured out to it by a finger-key and
to restore the lifter to normal downward position after the impression has

page_text: No consideration will at this time be given to the measurement of the degree of
swing.
48, indicates the vertical shank on which the case-socket is free to rise and fall
under the action of the case-lifter, this shank projecting upwardly from the inner
end of shaft 10, which shaft is mounted in bearings in the frame of the machine and
is the shaft of oscillation of the type-case, the shaft being also free to slide endwise
in its bearings.
49, a latch or button mounted on the outer bearing of the swing-shaft and
engaging its end and serving to hold that shaft to its normal inward position, but
capable of being turned out of the way of the shaft so that the shaft can move
endwise far enough to permit the case teeth to disengage from the teeth of the case-
lifter, thus permitting the type-case to be readily lifted from the shank when
desired.
50, a toothed-sector fast on the swing-shaft; and
51, a rack engaging this sector and mounted for reciprocation in the frame of the
machine, this rack being hereinafter termed the swing-rack.
If the swing-rack be moved endwise in one direction the case will swing in the
opposite direction, and vice versa. The degree of movement of the rack, and its
direction of motion, will determine which of the vertical rows of type shall be
brought into the vertical plane of the line of collimation. The rack has a normal
position corresponding to the central normal position of the type-case. After the
type-case has been lifted to the proper degree, if lifting is called for by the given
type, the rack moves to produce the proper degree of swing and, after the
impression, returns to normal position. It is sufficient at this time to say that it is
the duty of the main shaft, after it has lifted the type-case, to move the swing-rack
endwise in that direction and to that degree measured out to it by the finger-key
of the given type and to return the rack to normal position after the impression
has been made.
Each time a letter is impressed, and also each time a space is wanted without
impression, the pad must move to the left a proper distance, and when the line is
complete the pad must quickly move to the right and then rise for the start of a
new line. Attention will not now be given to the mechanism for admeasuring the
amount of the feed of the pad as it moves to the left, but will be confined for the
present to the mechanism for transmitting the feeding motion, whatever its measured
amount may be, and for feeding back the pad when the line is complete.
Fig. 15 is a front perspective of the pad-holder, its carriage, and its supporting
rail, the stationary face-plate which belongs in front of the holder being omitted
for purposes of clearness of view.
Fig. 16 is a rear perspective of the main pad-carrying parts.
Fig. 17 is a rear elevation of the machine, illustrating the general pad-feeding
mechanism.
Fig. 18 is a rear elevation of one of the pad-lifting ratchet-devices.
Fig. 19 is a radial section through the rim of the pulley which produces the
back-feeding of the pad-carriage.
Fig. 20 is a side view of one of the feed-pawls, partly in section, illustrating an
exemplifying spring-provision.

page_text: Referring to the drawing-figures now under consideration:
52, indicates a feed-rail disposed upon the top of the frame and across the same
parallel with the face-plate, the face-plate however not appearing in these figures,
this feed-rail being bolted to the frame so as to be adjustable to and from the face-
plate to accommodate different thicknesses of pad-material, this rail-structure also
supporting the anvil 6:
53, a feed-carriage arranged for horizontal sliding motion along the rail, the
length of parts and capacity for sliding motion being suited for the maximum length
of line to be dealt with by the machine:
54, a rack secured to this carriage and adapted to be engaged by two pinions,
a feed-pinion for giving the step-by-step left-hand feed-motion to the carriage,
and a backing pinion for moving the carriage to the right after a line of work is
completed:
55, the backing-pinion
:
56, the shaft of the backing-pinion, projecting rearwardly from the rail:
57, the feed-pinion:
58, the spindle of the feed-pinion, projecting rearwardly from the rail and fitted
to receive a change-gear :
59, a feeding-spindle, parallel with the feed-pinion spindle, and mounted in the
frame of the machine, and having its rear end adapted to receive a change gear:
60, a sector-bracket to support intermediate gears of the feed-train:
61, a train of change-gears connecting the feeding-spindle with the feed-pinion-
spindle and permitting alteration of the relative velocities of the spindles :
62, a ratchet-wheel fast on the feeding-spindle :
63, a pawl-arm oscillating on the feeding-spindle:
64, a link through which certain mechanism, not now to be described, rocks this
pawl-arm:
65, a pawl carried by this pawl-arm and adapted to engage the feed-ratchet 62:
66, a fixed projection adapted to engage the heel of this feed-pawl, when the
pawl reaches the end of its back stroke, and disengage the pawl from the ratchet
and hold it disengaged, which is the normal condition of the pawl:
67, a stop-pawl supported by the frame and normally engaging the teeth of the
feed-ratchet and preventing retrograde motion of the ratchet:
68, a sliding stop-rod disposed across the machine frame :
69, a stop upon this rod and adapted to be engaged by the right-hand edge of
the feed-carriage when the carriage reaches its right-hand position corresponding
with the left-hand end or beginning of the line of work, this stop having an
adjusting screw to limit the right hand movement of the carriage, it being borne in
mind that the terms "right-hand " and "left-hand" here used refer to a front view
of the machine and pad, Fig. 17 being a rear view of the machine :
70, a similar stop upon the rod to be engaged by the other edge of the feed-
carriage when the terminal of the line of work has been reached, this stop being
adjustable to suit the length of line or width of column being dealt with :
71, a collar on the stop-rod, adapted, when the rod slides to the left, as occurs at
the end of a line of work, to engage the heel of stop-pawl 67 and disengage that
pawl from the feed-ratchet so as to leave the feed ratchet at liberty to make
retrograde motion:
72, a backing pulley geared to the shaft 56 of the backing pinion, this pulley
being always in rotation, by belt from driving-pulley 17-(see Fig. 2) which is
always in rotation, or from some other source of constant rotary motion, whereby
this pulley is always tending to feed the carriage rapidly back to the right to the
beginning of a new line of work, this pulley, however, being a slipping affair, as
hereinafter explained, so that this back-feeding motion of the carriage will take
place only when the resistance can be overcome by the pulley :
73, the web of this pulley, fast on its shaft :
74, the rim of the pulley, always in rotation from its belt :
75, a clamp-flange at one side of but not against the pulley-rim:

page_text: 76, a flat-ring, preferably of leather, clamped to the web of the pulley by the
rim and clamp-flange:
77, spring bolts holding the clamp-flange to the pulley-rim and bringing the
rings 76 to bear with adjustable elastic pressure upon the sides of the web of
the pulley:
78, the pivot of the feed-pawl 65: and
The
79, a spiral spring disposed around this pivot, within a counterbore in the pawl,
and engaging the pivot and pawl so as to tend to press the pawl into engagement
with its ratchet, this construction applying also as a recommended form, to the
stop-pawl 67.
Pawl-arm 63 is normally up and its pawl out of engagement with the feed-
ratchet. If the arm be pulled down the pawl will engage the ratchet and turn
the ratchet an amount corresponding to the downward movement of the arm.
minimum amount of downward movement of the arm represents the unit of feed-
motion of the machine. To produce two units of feed the arm must move down
twice as far, and to produce seven units of feed it must move down seven times as
far. It is the duty of the driving-shaft, at each rotation, to depress this pawl-
arm to such a degree as may be indicated by the touched finger-key, and then to
return the pawl-arm to its normal upward position with its pawl disengaged. It
will be obvious that a forward motion of the ratchet-wheel will result, through the
gear-train and feed-pinion, in a feeding motion of the carriage to the "left."
The unit of pawl motion is constant in the machine, but the unit of pad-
travel will of course require to vary with the font of type. The change-gears
permit of proper proportioning between the unit of feed initiation and the unit of
feed result.
The backing-pulley, being always in rotation, tends constantly to urge the
carriage backward, to the beginning of a new line, but the pulley-rim drives by
friction only. The stop-pawl 67 prevents the backing-pulley from accomplishing
any result, and the feeding motion produced by pawl 65 is performed against the
opposing tendency of the backing-pulley. When the carriage reaches the end
of the line of work it engages stop 70 and moves the stop-rod endwise and
collar 71 releases the stop-pawl from the feed-ratchet and, the feed-pawl 65 being
normally disengaged, the feed-carriage is no longer restrained and therefore the
backing-pulley is at liberty to make its influence felt and to quickly move the
carriage back to the right (the left of Fig. 17). As the carriage reaches its
extreme "right-hand" position it engages stop 69 and restores the stop-rod and
stop-pawl and thereupon the backing-pulley goes on with its slipping and the
carriage is at rest in a position corresponding with the beginning of a line.
Under ordinary circumstances the carriage-feed pertaining to the last letter of a
line would be an onward feed pertinent to that letter, but the backing motion takes
its place.
The anvil, 6, bears against the back of the pad and meets the strain of the
impression, the loose sliding joints of the carriage having therefore no effect on the
accuracy and uniformity of the depth of impression.
PAD-BACKING LOOK.
(Fige 26 and 27)
It being understood that the backing-pulley is constantly tending to urge the pad
back to the beginning of a line and that this tendency holds good whether the
It being understood that the backing-pulley is constantly tending to urge the pad
back to the beginning of a line and that this tendency holds good whether the
driving-shaft be in motion or not, it might be suspected that when the last letter
of a line had been struck and the pad had started on its retreat, a certain interval
of time would be required for the retreating motion and during this interval a
quick operator might press upon the next key, thereby causing an impulse to the
machine before the pad got back to proper starting point. A high rate of rotation
for the backing-pulley removes the possibility of such a happening and with
ordinary lengths of line and at ordinary.speeds.of. machine the occurrence would

page_text: preventing retrograde motions of those ratchets and the descent of the pad-holder,
these pawls being, by preference, of the construction shown in Fig. 20 so far as
their spring-provision is concerned :
95, projections on the lift-stop-pawls and on the links 91, adapted to engage when
the links are moved far inwardly whereby such extreme inward motion of the links
lifts the pawls out of engagement with their ratchets :
96, a wiper pivoted to the rail and presenting an incline to roller 90 in such
direction that the roller meets this incline when the carriage makes its backing-
motion, the wiper being held to normal position by the gravity of its lower end,
the wiper yielding to permit the idle passing of the roller in the direction of
forward feed:
97, a finger-lever pivoted upon the carriage at the point of pivoting of the three-
armed lever :
98, a pin projecting rearwardly from the finger lever and adapted to intercept
the upper arm of the three-armed lever and limit the backward or idle stroke of
the lever :
99, a series of detent-holes in the back of the carriage to serve in fixing the
position of the finger-lever:
100, an additional hole of this series but having an extreme and isolated
position:
101, a horizontal slot through the carriage to permit the anvil 6 to take direct
bearing against the pad-holder:
102, a slot in the top of the machine frame to permit of the traverse of the pad-
holder when it is well down: and
103, a roof over each of the lift-ratchets, supported by the carriage in position to
be engaged by the heels of the lift-pawls when the heels of the lift-pawls are drawn
well inwardly, so as to disengage the lift pawls from the ratchets :
The pad-gripping arrangement illustrated is designed with special reference to
holding pad-material of such thickness and strength as to permit edgewise grasping.
If extremely flexible material be employed for the pad then of course the pad-
gripping devices will be modified accordingly. With the present device the pad is
placed against the pad-holder and pressed edgewise to the dovetailed rib and then
the pad-clamp is pressed to its free edge and secured.
Referring to Fig. 17, and assuming that the carriage is making its quick backing
trip toward stop 69, it will be observed that roller 90 has ridden up on the wiper
and will soon pass the wiper. This has rocked the three-armed lever and has
advanced the lift-ratchets and lifted the pad-holder, and the lift-stop pawls
maintain the position of the ratchets. Then the roller leaves the wiper, after
riding up it, the roller drops until the upper arm is arrested by pin 98. This is
the normal position of the three-armed lever and represents the end of the back
stroke of the lift-pawls. The wiper always lifts the roller to full height but starts
to lift it from a normal position determined by piu 98. Therefore the degree of
lift-pawl motion can be modified by moving piu 98, and this can be done by shifting
the finger-lever to a selected one of the series of detent-holes 99,. There can
therefore be as many adjustments for lifting motion of the pad-holder as there
are holes in the series. At each backing trip of the carriage the pad-holder will
be lifted the adjusted degree, and the degree will be adjusted to suit the line-
spacing of the work in hand.
By turning the finger-lever to detent-hole 100 the three-armed lever will be
locked to an extreme position and the links and pawls will be drawn far inwardly.
This results in the disengagement of the lift-pawls and the lift-stop-pawls from
the ratchets and leaves the pad-holder free for vertical motion and permits it to
be raised or lowered by hand to any desired point or to be removed from the
carriage. When replaced, and set where wanted, the finger-lever is again set to
the proper detent-hole, thus causing the stop-pawls to support the pad-holder and
putting the parts in condition for regular operation.

page_text: PAD-POSITION SCALES.
(Figs. 15, 17, 38 and 39.)
It will often be found convenient and even necessary to be able to bring any
given point of the pad to the line of collimation by hand. For this purpose we
provide index scales, one for the vertical setting of the pad and one for the
horizontal setting.
In Fig. 15 it will be observed that at the right of the carriage there is a series
of graduations indexed by a mark on the pad-holder. This is merely an exempli-
fying adaption of vertical scale and its use is obvious. It will serve to show the
present relative position of the pad-holder or will serve in setting the pad-holder
by hand to any desired vertical position. The graduations may be numbered as
desired but, preferably, with reference to the minimum vertical spacing or line-pitch
for which the machine is arranged, greater line pitches being, preferably, multiples
of the minimum line-pitch.
The horizontal position may of course be indicated by a simple horizontal scale
similar to that employed for the vertical indications but we have provided a
cylindrical scale to be read through a wicket in a cylindrical case, Fig. 17 showing
the rear of this scale-mechanism while Fig. 38 is a front view of the scale and
Fig. 39 a side elevation, the cylindrical case being in vertical section.
The
Pinion 55 is permanently geared to the carriage rack and therefore its position
of rotation is indicative of the position of traverse of the carriage. 56 is the spindle
of this pinion, through which the backing-pulley transmits its effect.
cylindrical scale for indicating the horizontal position of the carriage and pad
is geared to this spindle, though it will be obvious that it may be geared to the
feeding spindle 58 or with any other moving part whereby carriage-travel becomes
converted in the rotation of the scale cylinder. Referring now to the exemplifying
construction :-
159, indicates a vertical spindle supported in a bearing carried by the rail, this
spindle being geared, in the exemplification, to the spindle of the backing-pinion
which engages the carriage-rack:
160, a cylinder mounted upon the upper end of this spindle, at a height convenient
to the eye of the operator, this cylinder rotating with the spindle but capable of
vertical motion, as, for instance, by being splined to the spindle:
161, a coarse spiral groove or thread upon the periphery of the cylinder:
162, a spiral series of graduations upon the cylinder, this series of graduations
being parallel with the spiral thread of the cylinder:
163, a cylindrical case carried at the upper end of the spindle-bearing and
completely enclosing the graduated cylinder but giving the cylinder room for the
proper vertical motion :
164, a wicket in the front of this cylindrical case, through which a small portion
of the series of graduations of the cylinder may always be seen: aud
165, a tooth projecting inwardly from the case into engagement with the spiral
groove of the cylinder.
As the carriage moves on the rail the spindle 159 rotates and the graduated
cylinder rotates. During the rotation the graduations move in procession past the
wicket. If the gearing and size of parts was such as to permit a single rotation
of the cylinder to represent the maximum travel of the carriage, then a simple
circumferential line of graduations, and a simple rotation of the cylinder, would
answer every purpose. But an attempt to indicate the entire carriage-travel by a
single circumferential line of graduations on the cylinder will result either in a very
large cylinder or in very closely grouped graduations, both of which are objection-
able. We therefore arrange for employing several turns of the cylinder to indicate
the complete carriage-travel. The line of graduation is arranged spirally upon
the cylinder and therefore the length of the line is limited only by the length of the
cylinder. The tooth 165 engaging the thread of the cylinder causes the cylinder

page_text: (Figs. 21, 22, 23 and 24.)
Refer for a moment to Fig. 17 and bear in mind that the number of units of
pad-feed is determined by the number of units of descent of pawl-arm 63 at each
impulse of the machine. Refer for a moment also to Figs. 2 and 5 and bear in
mind that an outward movement of push-pin 22 means a single rotation of the
driving-shaft, and that the rocking of the clutch-lever 24 means outward motion of
the clutch-pin, a rocking of the clutch-lever, by any means whatever, therefore
resulting in a single rotation of the driving-shaft. It may here be stated that all
of the finger-keys, no matter what else they may do, have the effect of rocking the
clutch-lever and causing the machine to make one impulse. And it may be further
stated that no impulse of the machine will ever be wanted without at least one unit
of feed, for the reason that each impulse is to produce either a type impression
calling for one or more units of feed, or else a spacing equal at least to the unit of
feed. An impulse of the machine producing in all cases one unit of feed the
question of admeasurement of feed then resolves itself into a matter of additional
units.
Referring to the drawing-figures now under consideration :-
Fig. 21 is a perspective view, or oblique-elevation it might be called, of the
feed-measuring devices: Fig. 22 a plan of the same: Fig. 23 an enlarged side
elevation of the feed-cam-lever and feed-dogs: and Fig. 24 a rear elevation of
these latter parts.
The clutch-lever 24 and clutch-lever-shaft 29 will be identified by reference to
Fig. 3, and the feeding-spindle 59 and its pad and ratchet mechanism will be
identified by reference to Fig. 17.
104, indicates a pivot-shaft mounted in the frame parallel with driving-shaft 2:
105, a rearwardly reaching arm pivoted on this shaft and having link 64 which
operates the pawl-arm 63 connected with its rear, this arm 105 being hereinafter
termed the feed-dog-arm:
106, a series of six dogs pivoted in the outer end of the feed-dog-arm and
presenting their upper ends in a rank parallel with the axis of the feed-dog-arm :
107, links reaching forward from the lower ends of the feed-dogs :
106, one link for each dog:
108, a series of tumbling-shafts disposed across the machine to rear of the finger-
keys, there being six of these shafts, each one having an arm connected to one of
the dog-links whereby the rock of one of these shafts will result in the rearward
C

page_text: movement of upper end of the appropriate one of the dogs, these shafts being
hereinafter termed the feed-dog-shafts :
109, levers secured to these shafts and extending forward between the stems of
the finger-keys, the levers being so distributed as to bring the desired feed-dog-
shafts under the influence of appropriate finger-keys, the distribution shown in
Fig. 22 being merely exemplifying:
110, exemplifying finger-keys:
111, pins projecting from the stems of some of the finger-keys over the levers 109:
112, a rod extending across the machine and mounted in clutch-lever 24 so that
the clutch-lever may be rocked and the machine started by action at any point in
the length of the key board :
113, an arm mounted on shaft 104 and extending rearwardly alongside the
feed-dog-arm 105 and provided at its rear end with a curtain just to the rear of the
feed-dogs:
114, steps six in number, in the lower edge of this curtain, the lowermost step
being a trifle above the level of the upper ends of the feed-dogs, and each succeeding
step being higher than its predecessor, the steps being uniform and there being one
step pertinent to each feed-dog, the relation of curtain to dogs being such that if a
dog be rocked outwardly upon its pivot its upper end will come under its appropriate
step of the curtain and intercept the downward motion of the curtain when that
step meets the displaced dog:
115, a forward extension of this curtain-lever, provided at its forward end with
a roller to engage a cam on the driving-shaft:
116, a facially grooved cam on the driving-shaft, engaged by lever 115 and
adapted to produce one descent of the curtain at each rotation of the driving-shaft,
the cam having a long idle "dwell" so that the downward motion of the curtain
and its return to normal position is performed during a small portion of the rotation
of the driving-shaft:
117, a pin projecting from the side of each of the dog-links:
118, a comb-plate standing in front of these pins:
119, a bell-crank lever carrying this comb-plate upon one of its arms and
presenting its other arm near the driving-shaft; and
120, a quick-acting wiper cam carried by the main shaft and sweeping the second
arm of the comb-lever so that at each rotation of the driving-shaft all of the links
will be pushed rearwardly to normal position, holding the dogs in normal rank clear
of the curtain, this cam, however, being in idle position when the driving-chaft is
in its normal stationary position.
But
If the driving-shaft makes a rotation the curtain will go down and then up
again and all will come to rest and the stroke of the curtain will have a
definite and uniform measure. All of the dogs being forward of the curtain
the curtain normally engages none of them. Consequently the dog-arm 105
will not have partaken generally of the motion of the curtain-lever.
it will be noticed by inspecting Fig. 24 that the descent of the curtain
will finally bring the lowermost step in contact with the inner portion of
dog-arm 105 and when this occurs the dog-arm will begin to partake of the
descending motion of the curtain. When the curtain-arm rises it engages under
the dog-arm and raises it to normal position. Disregarding the dogs it will
therefore be seen that there is lost motion between the dog-arm and the lowest
step, and that the actual downward motion imparted to the dog-arm will be the
difference between this lost motion and the total of curtain motion. Let this
difference be the unit of motion to be imparted to feed-pawl 65. This is the
minimum feed of the machine and this amount of feed at least will result at each
impulse of the machine. Therefore, if we wish to produce a 16
space" having one
unit of value, we can produce it by any process which will start the machine.
Referring for a moment to Fig. 1 let it be remembered that finger-key 15 is the
minimum spacing-key or unit spacing-key. It does its work by the simple act of
starting the machine. In Figs. 21 and 22 this unit spacing-finger-key is illustrated.

page_text: Its lower end rests over starting bar 112 and it follows that if the key be depressed
the clutch-lever will be rocked, the push-pin pushed, the driving-shaft make one
rotation, the dog-arm given one degree of descent and then return to the normal
position, the feed-ratchet 62 advanced for one unit of feed, and the pad moved one
unit to the left. Certain of the types require but one unit of feed, a
instance, and therefore the finger-key pertinent to that type would, 50 far as feed
and measurement is concerned, require only to start the machine.
comma for
But some of the characters must add to this unit of feed, and other space-keys,
designed for increased spacing without the need of consuming the time of several
machine impulses, must also add to the unit of feed.
Referring to Fig. 24 it will be noticed that if any dog be swung rearwardly the
appropriate curtain-step will catch its upper end and the dog-arm will be moved
down. Let the lost motion be six units of feed. One unit of motion will be
produced with no dog in action. The steps are so arranged with reference to the
dogs that the balance of the lost motion is apportioned between the steps. If the
right hand dog seen in Fig. 24 be brought under its step there will be practically
no lost motion and the entire motion of the curtain, corresponding to seven units of
feed, would be transmitted to the dog-arm and to the feeding devices. With the
second dog in action one unit will be lost and six units will be transmitted, and so
on, the left dog permitting five units to go to waste and two to be transmitted to
the feeding devices.
It will therefore be seen that one unit of feed will always take place and that
units may be added by rocking rearwardly an appropriate dog. Each dog has its
individual tumbling-shaft 108 and therefore the number of units of feed, in excess
of one unit, can be determined by rocking a selected tumbling-shaft to pull forward
on the proper link and bring into action the proper dog. Cam 120 does not
interfere, normally, with pulling back any link, but after a link has been pulled
back and a dog displaced, the driving-shaft rotates and produces the desired motion
and, before coming to rest, the dog is replaced by the action of cam 120.
Levers 109 reach forward from the desired tumbling-shafts and pass between the
stems of the finger-keys and may be engaged by the pins 111 on such of the finger-
keys as desired. A single lever from a tumbling-shaft may be engaged by all of the
keys in the two rows between which it passes, if all of these letters call for the same
spacing or two levers, from two different tumbling-shafts may go between the
rows and give those rows the choice of two degrees of feed: or levers may extend
but far enough to reach desired one of the keys: or, if a given key calls for only
one unit of feed so as not to require any dog, then such key may be without a
dog-setting pin. The comprehensive capacity of the system will be understood
In this
from a slight study of the exemplifying distribution illustrated in Fig. 22.
figure the three lowermost keys of the figure may be assumed as mere spacing-keys
to produce, respectively, two, three and four units of feed. They do nothing but
set the proper dog and then start the machine.
Let it be particularly noticed that in the admeasurement of the feed one finger-
key may require to measure one quantity while its nearest neighbour requires to
measure a different quantity and while a far distant key may also require to
measure the same quantity. In other words, the feeding duty of a key is dependent,
not on its position in the key-board but on the feed pertinent to its type-character.
Levers may go from the various tumbling-shafts to between the keys as required
to accomplish the necessary feed, but in practice we have found that an ordinary
English font of characters readily lends itself to such a convenient distribution on
the key-board that contiguous transverse rows of keys may generally operate upon
a single feeding lever disposed between them so that there will be fewer levers than
there are transverse rows of keys.
The feeding-levers 109 may be attached to their tumbling-shafts in any con-
venient manner, but it is our preference that all of the shafts be pierced in line
between each row of finger-keys and that the feeding-levers be attached at these
holes by shanks engaging the holes as indicated in Fig. 21. This system permits

page_text: of a redistribution of the feeding-levers without the necessity for removing the
tumbling-shafts from the frame. Changes of English font do not call for a
redistribution of these levers as proportion of body remains the same with different
fonts. But if a German font, for instance, be employed, the feeding-levers will
most likely require a redistribution, and the illustrated method of attaching the
levers to their tumbling-shafts will be found quite convenient. The comb-plate
brings all the feeding-levers to normal position and then permits any feeding-lever
to be depressed by the action of a finger-key. In order to prevent the accidental
dropping of feeding-levers 109 they should be counterbalanced or, what is preferred,
gently held in normal position by spring-plunger engaging a notch in the lever, as
illustrated in Figs. 21 and 22. Such a retaining spring-plunger need not be pro-
vided for each of the feeding-levers, it being sufficient that one is provided for each
tumbling-shaft.
(Figs. 25, 26, 27 and 28.)
The devices for this purpose bear much similarity to those employed for the
admeasurement of the feed, a cam on the driving-shaft producing a lifting motion
and dogs under the control of the finger-keys determining how much of the motion
shall be utilized. But in this case the dogs, instead of forming a rank of pivoted-
levers rocked by links, form a rank of sliding plungers pushed out into action by
cams operated by links. Again, in the case of the feed there was some measure
of feed-movement pertinent to each finger-key, but as regards type-case lift five
rows of type in the type-case calls for but four degrees of lift, the upper row
being normally at the level of the line of collimation. It has been before stated
that the outer row of finger-keys represents the upper row of types and it will
therefore be understood that the outer row of finger-keys need actuate no case-
lifting devices. Again, in the case of the feed, the measure was a matter pertinent
to each type and therefore to each finger-key while they might permit themselves
to be arranged into groups having common measure, but as regards type-case lift
the measure pertains entirely to the longitudinal rows, all of the types of one row
calling for no lift, the next row one degree of lift &c., four degrees of lift being
required for the type-case shown in the exemplifying machine. It will therefore
be understood that all of the types in one row on the key-board will operate to the
same degree on the lift-measuring devices.
Fig. 25 is a side elevation, with parts in vertical section, of the case-lifting and
lift-measuring mechanism: Fig. 26 a plan of the same: Fig. 27 a side elevation
of the dog and curtain-arms enlarged and Fig. 28 a rear view of the latter parts,
it being understood that the key-board edge of the machine is always referred to as
the front of the machine.
:
Referring to these drawing-figures, and bearing in mind that 2 is the driving-
shaft: 7 the line of collimation: 9 the type-case: and 112 the starting-bar which
when pressed down will operate the push-piu and cause the driving-shaft to make a
complete revolution and then come to rest.
121, indicates a rock-shaft parallel with the driving-shaft and hereinafter termed
the lift-shaft:
122, an arm fast on this shaft and connected by a link with the case-lifter 47
which has been heretofore fully explained:
123, a second arm fast on the lift-shaft and hereinafter termed the lift-dog-arm,
the type-case therefore lifting in proportion to the rock of the lift-dog-arm :
124 an arm loose on the lift-shaft and rocked by a cam on the driving-shaft:
125, the lift-cam, fast on the driving-shaft and engaging the end of this arm, this
cam, in the exemplification, being a facially grooved cam and having such form as
to quickly give arm 124 its maximum rock in one direction and then hold it there
for quite a while and then quickly return it to normal position, as indicated in
Fig. 25, and so retain it while the driving-shaft is at rest:

page_text: 120, an integral rearward extension of the cam-arm
127, a curtain carried by this extension and adapted to move freely by the end of
the dog-arm 123, the upper edge of this curtain being provided with four steps to
be engaged by the dogs:
128, four plunger-dogs arranged to slide in the dog-arm and to stand normally
back so as not to engage the steps of the curtain, as seen in Fig. 25, the outer ends
of these dogs being adapted to be projected outwardly from the dog-arm so as to be
in position to engage over the curtain-steps:
129, four slotted cams mounted on the lift-shaft, within the dog-arm, each cam
engaging one of the plunger-dogs, which plunger-doge will be hereinafter termed
the feed-dogs, these cams being adapted to rock freely on the lift-shaft, the
operating grooves of the cams being such that when swung to one position they
hold the dogs inwardly and when swung to the other position they push the dogs
outwardly, each cam being independent of its neighbour:
130, four tumbling-shafts mounted in the frame of the machine to the rear of
the key-board and parallel with the driving-shaft, each shaft being provided with
an upwardly projecting arm :
131, links, one for each cam, each connecting a feed-dog-cam with one of the
tumbling-shafts :
132, arms connected with the feed-tumbling-shafts and projecting forward
toward the finger-keys, the arms of one shaft reaching forward as far as the
nearest row of finger keys, that of the next shaft to the next row, and so on:
133, lift-blades arranged horizontally alongside each longitudinal row of finger-
keys, except the front row, these blades being rigidly attached and carried by the
forward ends of the appropriate ones of arms 132:
134, pins projecting from the stems of the finger-keys over the lift-blades,
whereby the depression of a finger-key will depress a lift-blade:
135, a projection from cam-lever 124, engaging over the dog-arm and serving to
rock the dog-arm downwardly and insure the descent of the type-case as the
cam-arm 124 returns to normal position: and
136, a long pin or bar projecting from unit space-key 15 and passing under all of
the lift-blades.
As seen in Fig. 25, the parts are in normal position, the type-case being down.
If the driving-shaft makes its rotation the feed-cam will cause the curtain to rise
but no effect will have been had on the lift-shaft, the dogs all being back. This is
the action for the front row of finger-keys corresponding with the top row of type,
and this is the action if a mere spacing-key, as unit key 15 or greater spacing-
key 16, be employed. If, however, any finger-key in the second row from the front
be depressed, it will depress the front lift-blade, and cause the rocking of the outer
dog-cam and an outward projection of the outer dog and, it being understood that
all finger-keys will be arranged to operate the push-pin and start the driving-shaft
into motion, the driving-shaft will start and the curtain will rise and its outer step
will engage the projecting dog and then the dog-arm will partake of the motion of
the curtain-arm and the lift-shaft will turn a distance and produce one degree of
lift for the type-case and in this condition the concentric part of lift-cam 125 holds
the type-case while other operations are being performed by the motion of the
driving-shaft and while those operations are being undone, so to speak, the feed-cam
eventually restoring the parts to the normal position shown in Fig. 25. Other
rows of finger-keys project other dogs and bring other curtain steps into action and
give greater lifting-motion, as will be obvious from a study of the drawing.
It will be remembered, especially by reference to Fig. 5, that cam 26 operated,
near the end of the rotation of the main shaft, restores push-pin lever 24 to normal
position. It is therefore obvious, viewing Fig. 25, that when the driving-shaft
shall have completed its rotation it will have lifted starting-bar 112 to normal
level. Unit spacing-key 15 rests on this bar, its whole performance being to push
the bar down and start the driving-shaft. Therefore when the driving-shaft comes
to rest it will have pushed unit space-key 15 up to normal position. Pin 136, in

page_text: the nn-dogs wi De retracted.
ADMEASUREMENT OF TYPE-CASE SWING.
(Figs. 29, 30, 31 and 32.)
Referring to Fig. 9 for a moment it will be remembered that the swing of the
type-case was produced by rack 51 which was to turn the swing-shaft 10 in the
direction and to the degree called for by a given type-key. In the exemplifying
type-case there are ten vertical rows of type at each side of the center, and the
central position is the normal one, therefore there are two directions of swinging
motion to be chosen from, and ten degrees of swinging motion to be chosen from
each of these directions. Each type-key operates on the swing-measuring
mechanism and it will be readily understood that the type-keys fall into groups of
five, each type in a given vertical row of type calling for the same degree of swing
in the same direction. It has been stated that the general position of the keys on
the key-board corresponds to the position in the type-case except a certain reversal,
upper rows of keys corresponding with lower rows of type, right-hand keys
corresponding however with the right hand of type-case, hence type-keys at the
right all produce a swing to the left, and type-keys to the left produce a swing to
the right, and type-keys in the rows nearest the center produce the first degree of
swing, the next row the second degree, and so on, the extreme outer rows calling
for the tenth degree of swing.
In the drawing-figures now under consideration:-
Fig. 29 is a vertical section of the swing-rack and its operating and controlling
devices:
Fig. 30 a front elevation, part longitudinal section of the same :
Fig. 31 a plan of the same, and
Fig. 32 a bottom view of the rack.
It will be remembered that 48 is the shank which supports the type-case: 10 the
shaft which swings the type-case: 50 a toothed-sector fast on this shaft: 51 the
rack which has a sliding motion across the machine to rock the sector:
110 exemplifying one of the type-keys and 2 the driving-shaft. We now proceed
to consider additional parts pertinent to swing measurement.
137, indicates a pair of blocks arranged for sliding motion in a raceway under-
neath and parallel with the swing-rack, each of these swing-blocks being near half
the length of the rack:
138, two peripherally grooved cams fast on the driving-shaft, their grooves
having a form adapted to produce at each rotation of the driving-shaft a separating
motion of the two swing-blocks, the amount of motion on the part of each block
being slightly in excess of the maximum endwise motion ever required by the
swing-rack:
139, roller-stems projecting from each swing-block into engagement with its cam,
whereby a rotation of the driving-shaft moves both blocks outwardly and then
returns them to normal inward position:
140, a set of pins carried by the swing-blocks and arranged for vertical motion
therein, there being a pin for each degree of swing pertinent to a block, namely,
ten pins, arranged in two ranks side by side so as to permit the use of a short rack
and short swing-blocks the normal position of these pins being down, so that their
upper ends are entirely free from the rack:
141, the floor of the raceway in which the swing-blocks slide, this floor supporting
a pin when it is up and having holes permitting the pins to come down into normal
position when the blocks are at their inward or normal position :
142, a swing-blade disposed one against each row of type-keys and arranged for
vertical motion in the frame of the machine, these blades being illustrated as
having a tee form for the sake of lightness:

page_text: 143, a series of levers pivoted to the frame of the machine, one for each short
row of type-keys, the front end of each lever engaging one of the swing-blades 142
so that downward motion of the spring-blade will produce an upward motion of the
rear end of the lever, the rear end of each lever presenting a finger under one of
the buttons or block-pins :
144, a pin projecting from the stem of each type-key, all the pins of one short
row of type-keys engaging above a swing-blade pertinent to that row:
145, a button upon the lower end of each of the block-pins, these buttons
projecting normally below the floor of the raceway and occupying a position above
that floor when the pin is pushed upward into action, a spring on each pin holding
the pin normally down:
146, the holes in the floor of the raceway, one under each pin when the blocks are
at their inward or normal position, these holes being large enough to permit the
buttons to pass from below the floor to above the floor as the pins are pushed up,
and having outward narrow extensions or slots to permit the movement of the pins
with the blocks as the blocks move outwardly, these holes in the raceway floor thus
having the form of button-holes normally above the buttons:
147, two spiral spring-plungers carried by the swing-rack, one at each end of the
rack, and pressing outwardly against the frame of the machine, these plungers
having stops to limit their outward projection whereby the plungers tend to hold
the rack in its normal central position:
148, recesses in the lower surface of the rack, one over each block-pin, these
recesses being of differing length, the shortest recesses, those pertinent to the extreme
outer row of type-keys being so short that if a pin from an outwardly moving block
engages the recess the rack will move with the block nearly the full stroke of the
block, the longer recess however permitting the block to move some distance before
the pin begins to move the rack:
149, the spiral springs on the block-pins, to keep the block-pins down in normal
position with the buttons below the raceway floor, the springs engaging over collars
on the pins working within counterbores in the blocks: and
150, coiled springs on the levers, to keep the levers in normal position corre-
sponding with the upward position of the swing-blades and downward position of
the block-pins.
Normally the driving-shaft is stationary and the two swing-blocks inward, and all
the block-pins down and all the finger-keys and swing-blades up. If, by any means
whatever, the machine be started, the driving-shaft will make one rotation and then
come to rest, and during this rotation the swing-blocks will have been moved
outwardly and held so for a time and then returned to normal position. All the
block-pins being down the ruck received no motion from the blocks and there would
have been no swing of the type-case. Such is the action if a spacing-key be
depressed.
But if any type-key be depressed it will press upward the block-pin pertinent to
that row of type-keys. The touch on the finger-key first pushes up the pin and
eventually starts the machine. The button-hole in the floor at this pin will allow
the pin to go up. The block then drags the rack with it by the engaging pin and
the pin cannot descend until the block has brought it back over the proper part of the
button-hole, and at the same time the form of the button-holes will not allow any
other of the pins going up while the block is in motion. In short, after the block
is in motion, the pin that is up cannot come down and those that are down cannot
go up.
Finger-keys at the right-hand of the key-board deal with block-pins of the right-
hand block and swing the type-case to the left, to bring into action the right-hand
type. The direction of swing is therefore determined by which side of the key-
board the selected finger-key is on. The degree of swing is governed by the length
of the recesses 148. There is a pin for each recess and that pin is operated by a
certain swing-blade from a certain row of finger-keys, and the length of that recess
is such as to cause its pin, if called into play, to transmit from the block to the rack

page_text: As thus far explained the swing-rack is held in central position by the spring-
plungers. But this is an elastic holding and provision is made for a positive central
locking of the swing-rack. Again, the block-pins move the swing-rack by
pushing against the outer walls of the recesses in the rack. The recesses all have
excessive length and, the movements being somewhat quick, the momentum of the
parts might cause an overthrow of the type-case, or at least a trepidation in the
motion. Provision is made for interposing an obstruction to the improper forward
swing of the type-case, this obstruction interposing itself at precisely the right time
to suit the given degree of swing and then taking a locking hold upon the swing
parts and maintaining them in accurate position of swing until the time has arrived
for the return of the parts to normal position.
Fig. 33 is a front elevation of the swing-blocks and swing-rack and sector, showing
also the additional parts to effect the locking of the swing, the parts showing the
case-sbank 48 as having been swung far to the left and there locked: Fig. 34 a plan
of the same but with the parts in normal central position; and Fig. 35 a vertical
transverse section of the parts.
151, indicates a pair of swing-lock-blocks arranged to slide in a raceway in
the main frame over the rack, one block to the right and one block to the left of
the sector:
152, an inwardly facing toothed-segment carried by each of these lock-blocks,
each segment having as many teeth as there are swinging positions which it is to
lock, namely, ten in the exemplifying machine :
153, two lock-fingers projecting outwardly from the swing-sector and adapted to
engage the teeth of the lock-segments, the length and position of these fingers
being such that when the parts are in normal central position swing-shank 48 being
vertical, the fingers will stand above the segments and not reach out to the
segments:
154, a link connecting the right-hand swing-block with the left-hand swing-lock-
block so that that lock-block moves with that swing-block:
155, a similar link similarly connecting the left-hand swing-block with the right
hand swing-lock-block: and

page_text: 156, a projection downward from the center of the swing-rack to between the
swing-blocks, the width of this projection being such as to fill the between
gap
the swing-blocks when the swing-blocks are at their normal inward position.
Normally the swing-blocks occupy their inward position, being held there by the
swing-cams. Their inner ends engage the projection 156 and consequently the
swing-rack and the type-case are firmly and accurately held in central position.
When the swing-blocks separate, this locking hold upon the projection is released
and the swing-rack is at liberty to be moved endwise by any selected block-pin.
As the swing-blocks move outwardly the swing-lock-blocks and their toothed-
segments move inwardly, and when the swing-blocks have reached their extreme
outer position, and they always make this definite and constant stroke, the toothed-
segments will have approached each other till they are concentric with the
swing-shaft 10, in which position their teeth will correspond with the radial length
of the fingers on the sector. During this approach of the toothed segments the
swing is taking place, and at the precise instant when one of the lock-fingers 153
has descended to a position corresponding to the given degree of swing it will
meet an appropriate tooth in a toothed segment and can go no further, nor can it
retreat. The swing-shaft 10 thus becomes locked in the proper position of swing
and is not released till the swing-blocks again begin to approach each other, the
first act then being to release the stop-finger from the toothed segment. In the
exemplification there are two of the stop-blocks and toothed segments and stop-
fingers, one set acting for the ten degrees of swing to one side of the center and the
other to the other, but, if desired, one toothed segment may contain the twenty
teeth and one stop-finger answer the purpose. But the advantage of the illustrated
construction rests largely in the substantially vertical disposition of the com-
paratively short toothed segments whereby the horizontal motion of those segments
is best adapted to bring the segments within the range of the fingers.
Heretofore in this description the finger-keys have been shown rudimentally in
connection with each mechanism in which they took part. They will now be more
completely described.
Fig. 41 is an elevation, part section, of one of the type-keys: Fig. 42 a bottom
view of one of the frame plates in which the finger-keys are guided: Fig. 43 a
perspective view at the base of the spacing-keys at the end of the key-board,
showing how those keys act on the starting-bar: Fig. 44 a side elevation of the
machine, with the frame shown in section, and Fig. 45 a plan of an exemplifying
key-board.
Let it be remembered that 110 has been taken as indicating type-keys generally :
16 the three spacing-keys at the left-hand of the key-board and having spacing
values of five, six and seven units respectively: 112 the starting-bar whose
depression pushes the push-pin and starts the machine: 15 the unit spacing-key:
111 pins in the type-keys to admeasure the feed: 134 pins in the type-keys to
admeasure the case-lift and 144 pins in the type-keys to admeasure the case
swing.
Proceeding now to further details :-
166, indicates the top plate of the key-board, perforated to form guides for the
stems of the finger-keys:
167, a guide-plate supported by the frame below the top of the key-board and
forming lower guides for the finger-keys:
168, spring-plungers arranged within the finger-keys, hollow to receive the
plungers, at about the level of this guide-plate, the stems of the finger-keys being
vertically-slotted at these plungers:
169, a spring within each finger-key above its plunger, of a strength sufficient to
support the finger-key :

page_text: 170, abutment strips secured to the guide-plate along each row of finger keys,
each strip having teeth which project freely into the slots of the finger-keys and
support the spring plungers, the plungers thus abutting on the teeth and pressing
the keys upwardly as far as the swing-pins 144, coming against the under side of
the key-board, will permit :
171, arms projecting from the non-central ones of the spacing-keys 16 and
engaging over the starting-bar 112.
The finger-keys are arranged in close ranks, increasing in height inwardly, so as
to be readily accessible to the operator's fingers. The spring-plungers hold them
up neatly to normal position regardless of any slight loss of motion there might
be in the swing-blades 142. The swing-blades all rest on the starting-bar 112 and
this starting-bar is automatically forced up by the clutch-cam before the driving-
shaft comes to rest. Each type-key has a pin 144 engaging a swing-blade and
consequently the type-keys are positively lifted, but the spring-plungers relieve
the swing-blades and starting-bar from the weight of the type-keys and give an
elastic resistance to the fingering of the keys. Each type-key is provided with
pins 111, 134 and 144 engaging its appropriate admeasuring part, it being under-
stood however, that type-keys in the front row require no lift-measuring pins 134
and that type requiring only a single unit of feed require no feed-measuring
pins 111. It will therefore be seen that each type-key engages over a swing-blade
and that all swing-blades rest on the starting-bar and that therefore the depression
of a type-key means the depression of the starting-bar.
The unit spacing-key 15 rests directly on the starting-bar and, consequently,
the depression of that key will start the machine. The six other spacing-keys are
arranged, preferably, three at either end of the key-board, one in each group
directly over the starting-bar. Those spacing-keys over the starting-bar will
therefore start the machine when depressed. The spacing-keys to the front and
rear of the starting-bar operate on the starting-bar through the medium of arms 171
seen in Fig. 43.
An exemplifying distribution of finger-keys is seen in Fig. 45. The distribution
may be as desired and is best arranged with reference to superior accessibility of
keys most often used and with reference to fewness of feed-levers 109, it being
found preferable to effect such a distribution of letters, with reference to their
spacing requirements, that two contiguous short rows of keys will call for the
same spacing value and thus permit the action of these keys on a single feeding-
lever 109 disposed between these rows, feed-measuring pins 111 being omitted from
type-keys which call for only a single unit of feed. The distribution shown in
Fig. 45 illustrates quite a comprehensive English font in connection with the
exemplifying machine of one hundred type-keys, four keys at the left remaining
still unappropriated and thus permitting additions. The black keys are the spacing
keva
The machine may well take the form, as illustrated, of a rectangular box like
frame containing the most of the mechanism and having the plunger support, the
face-plate, the type-case, and the carriage-rail projecting above it, the key-board
being at the front of the top of the machine and the pad-holder facing toward the
operator at the key-board.
The driving shaft 2 is disposed across the frame, below its top, and on it are
secured the several cams which restore the push-pin and operate the feed-curtain
and operate the lift-curtain and operate the plunger and operate the swing racks.
This driving-shaft with its cams forms the heart of the machine, the effect of
whose beat at each rotation is admeasured by the subordinate devices under the
control of the finger-keys.

page_text: OPERATION.
The pad-material is to be secured in the pad-holder: the rail and anvil adjusted
in position to or from the type-case so that the plunger will give to the type &
forward or impressing motion suited to the thickness of the pad-material in hand :
the left-hand stop 70 is adjusted to suit the line-end or column-width of the work
to be produced: change-gears are applied to produce a unit of feed appropriate to
the type-font in hand: finger-lever 97 is adjusted to give a line-lift appropriate
to the work in hand and the pad-holder is brought to position for initiating
the work.
The appropriate type-key being depressed first projects a lift-dog to determine
the degree of type case-lift, and sets a block-pin to determine the degree of type-
case-swing, and sets a feed-dog to determine the degree of pad-feed, and then
pushes the push-pin and the driving-shaft makes its rotation. The effect of this
rotation of the driving-shaft is first, to lift the type-case the admeasured degree,
second swing the type-case the admeasured degree, third, advance the plunger and
impress the type, fourth, retract the plunger, fifth, advance the pad the admeasured
degree, sixth, swing the type-case back to the ceutral position, seventh, lower the
type-case to the normal position, eighth, pull back the push-pin, and ninth, come
sharply to rest with all the parts in normal position. During the motions all of
the admeasuring devices have been locked, the adjusted ones in set position and the
others in normal position. The next type-key is then depressed, and so on and
on throughout the work. Type-keys in the outer row measure out no work to the
case-lifting mechanism, and type-keys calling for but a single unit of feed measure
out no work to the feed-admeasuring mechanism, a unit of feed being inherent in
a rotation of the driving-shaft. If a unit of space is wanted, without impression
from a type, unit spacing-key 15 is depressed, the driving-shaft thereupon making
its complete rotation and producing a unit of pad-feed and producing an idle
plunger stroke but no lift or swing of the type-case. If a space greater than a unit
of feed is required, without an impression of a type, the appropriate spacing-key is
depressed, the effect being the same as with the unit space-key except that a feed-
dog is set thus increasing the degree of pad-feed.
When the last letter of a line is struck the stop-rod releases the feed-ratchet
from the restraint of its stop-pawl and the backing-pulley instantly returns the pad
to the position corresponding with the beginning of a line and, during this return
of the pad, the pad-lift pawls lift the pad to the level of a new line, whereby the
next letter will be impressed at the beginning of the new line. During the return
of the pad for the start of a new line the push-pin has been locked so that even the
most nimble fingered operator could not impress the new letter before the pad is
in proper position to receive it.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what we
claim is :-
:-
1. In a typographic machine, the combination, substantially as set forth, of a
frame, a fixed plunger guide and abutment supported by said frame in a line of
collimation, a reciprocating plunger in said guide, a movable case of parallel types
disposed in front of the plunger, a pad-carriage disposed in front of the type-
case, an anvil disposed in said line of collimation in front of and adjustable to
and from said pad-carriage and abutment, forcing means acting between the plunger
and abutment, and a finger-key and connections for each type.
2. In a typographic machine, the combination, substantially as set forth, of a
frame, a fixed plunger-guide and abutment supported by said frame in a line of
collimation, a reciprocating plunger in said guide, forcing means acting between
the plunger and abutment, a movable case of parallel types disposed in front of
the plunger, a rail supported by the frame in front of the type-case and below the
line of collimation, a pad-carriage mounted on the rail and projecting above the

page_text: same, a fixed anvil disposed in the line of collimation and projecting over the rail
and through the pad-carriage, and a finger-key and connections for each type.
3. In a typographic machine, the combination, substantially as set forth, of a
frame, two parts projecting upwardly and rigidly therefrom and carrying in a line
of collimation one an end wise adjustable fixed anvil and the other an abutment,
a pad carriage and a movable type-case of endwise movable types, and a plunger
disposed in the space between said anvil and abutment, forcing means, as a
toggle, between the plunger and abutment, and a finger-key and connections for
each type.
4. In a typographic machine, the combination, substantially as set forth, with
a type-case containing types arranged to be dealt with singly as brought into a line
of collimation by the movement of the type-case, of a finger-key pertinent to each
type, a part moving up and down by power a constant distance at each impulse of
the machine to provide for lifting the type-case, a case-lifter, dogs for causing the
motion of said power-moved part to be imparted to the case-lifter in degree
according to the dog brought into action, connections from the dogs to the
appropriate finger-keys whereby a finger-key brings an appropriate dog into action,
a driving shaft, a cam thereon, and connections between said cam and the dogs
whereby at each rotation of the cam all dogs are restored to normal idle position.
5. The combination, substantially as set forth, of a shaft, a toothed pulley loose
thereon, a fixed notched rim, a driver on the shaft; a sliding pin to push the driver
from the notch, a lever, a connection from the lever to the pin, a cam to withdraw
the pin, and connections from the cam to said lever and pin.
6. In a typographic machine, the combination, substantially as set forth, with a
pad-holder, types, type-impressing mechanism, a driving shaft, unit-feed devices to
positively advance the pad-holder a unit of distance at each rotation of said shaft
regardless of the type-requirement, and a finger-key for each type, of a feed-
adding mechanism for advancing the pad-holder more than a unit of distance,
connections from some but not all of said finger-keys to said feed-adding
mechanism.
7. In a typographic machine, the combination, substantially as set forth, with a
pad-holder, types, type-impressing mechanism, a driving-shaft, and a finger-key for
each type, of a pulley, a stop-clutch to turn the shaft and arrest it at the end of
one rotation, part to be moved to engage the clutch with the shaft, and connections
from all the ger-keys to said starting-part.
-
8. In a tyr graphic machine, the combination, substantially as set forth, with a
pad-holder, a movable type-case, a type-impressing plunger, pad-feeding devices,
type case-moving devices, and a driving-shaft to actuate the type-movement
and feed-pads, of dogs to admeasure the degree of pad-feed to be produced by
said driving-shaft, dogs to admeasure the type-case movement, a part to be
moved to start the driving-shaft, and finger-keys connected with said dogs and
starting-part.
9. In a typographic machine, the combination, substantially as set forth, of a
pad-holder, a movable type-case, endwise-movable type in the type-case to be
brought singly to a line of collimation by the movement of the type-case, a fixed
anvil engaging the back of the pad, a plunger reciprocating in the line of collimation
and adapted to impress a type in said line to a pad on the pad-holder, a driving-
shaft arranged to reciprocate the plunger a definite distance at each rotation, and a
finger-key for each type for starting said shaft.
10. In a typographic machine, the combination, substantially as set forth, with
a pad-holder, a type-case, types, a plunger, and a finger-key for each type,
of a driving-shaft, a cam thereon, a pressure finger near the impression point
of the pad-holder, and connections from said cam to said plunger and pressure
finger.
11. In a typographic machine, the combination, substantially as set forth, with a
pad-holder, a movable type-case, types, type-impressing mechanism, and a finger-key
for each type, of a power-driven driving shaft, a stop-clutch, a part to be moved to

page_text: start the driving-shaft, a unit-space finger-key, and connections from said unit
space-key to said starting-part.
12. In a typographic machine, the combination, substantially as set forth, with a
pad-holder, a movable type-case, types, type-impressing mechanism, and a finger-key
for each type, of a driving-shaft, a stop-clutch, a part to be moved to start the
driving-shaft, connections from said finger-keys to said starting-part, a cam on the
driving-shaft having a low place to permit the depression of any key and an imme-
diately following swell to lift all finger-keys, and connections from said cam to all
the finger-keys.
13. In a typographic machine, the combination, substantially as set forth, with a
pad-holder, types arranged to be dealt with singly, type impressing mechanism, a
power-driven actuating shaft and a finger-key for each type, of a constant-stroke
feed-part moved by said actuating shaft at each impulse of the machine to provide
for feeding the pad-holder, a variable-stroke feed-part moving in accordance with
the degree of pad-feed, dogs for causing the motion of said constant-stroke part to
be imparted to said variable-stroke part in degree according to the dog brought
into action, connections from the dogs to appropriate type-keys, a space-key for
each dog, and a connection from each space-key to a dog.
14. The combination, substantially as set forth, of a shaft, a toothed pulley loose
thereon, a driver secured to the shaft by a transverse pivot and adapted to engage
the pulley, and means for rocking the driver on its pivot into and out of engagement
with the pulley.
15. The combination, substantially as set forth, of a shaft, a toothed pulley loose
thereon, a fixed notched rim, a driver secured to the shaft by a transverse pivot
and arranged to engage the pulley and be so held by the rim and released at the
notch, and a movable piece at the notch to push the driver out of the notch.
16. In a typographic machine, the combination, substantially as set forth, with a
pad-holder, and a plunger arranged to reciprocate in a line of collimation, of a
type-case mounted on an axis of oscillation, endwise-movable types mounted
parallel in said type-case and disposed in an arc struck from said axis, a
finger-key for each type, two parts, as sliding blocks, moved by power, simul-
taneously in respectively opposite directions, and connections between said
blocks and type-case for transmitting motion to said type-case from said blocks
alternatively.
17. In a typographic machine, the combination, substantially as set forth, with
a pad-holder, and a plunger arranged to reciprocate in a line of collimation, of a
type-case mounted on an axis of oscillation, endwise movable types mounted
parallel in said type-case and disposed in an arc struck from said axis with a
radius equal to the distance from said axis to said line of collimation, a finger-key
for each type, two parts, as sliding blocks, moved by power, simultaneously in
respectively opposite directions, and connections between said blocks and type-case
for transmitting motion to said type-case from said blocks alternatively.
18. In a typographic machine, the combination, substantially as set forth, of a
pad-holder, a plunger arranged to reciprocate in a line of collimation and provided
with a clutch-hook, of a type-case mounted on an axis of oscillation and arranged
for radial adjustment with reference thereto, endwise movable type mounted in
several segmental rows in said type-case and having notched heels projecting
toward and beyond the plane of the end of said plunger, and mechanism for
normally holding said type case in such angular position that no type will be
engaged by the plunger, whereby the type-case may be shifted radially without
interference from the overlapping plunger and type-heels.
19. In a typographic machine, the combination, substantially as set forth, with a
pad-holder, and a plunger arranged to reciprocate in a line of collimation, of a
type-case mounted on an axis of oscillation and arranged to swing either way from
the normal end wise movable types mounted parallel in said type-case and disposed
in an arc located at each side of the normal radial plane of the line of collimation
and struck from said axis, a finger-key for each type, means of bringing the types

page_text: selectively to the line of collimation, and a lock to secure the type-case rigidly in
central position, instantly upon its reaching the same.
20. In a typographic machine, the combination, substantially as set forth, with a
pad-holder, and a plunger arranged to reciprocate in a line of collimation, of a type-
case mounted on an axis of oscillation, in fixed location, and arranged for radial
movement to and from said axis, end wise movable types mounted parallel in said
type-case and disposed in several arcs, a fnger-key for each type, and means for
bringing said types selectively to the line of collimation.
21. In a typographic machine, the combination, substantially as set forth, with a
pad-holder, and a plunger arranged to reciprocate in a line of collimation, of a
type-case mounted on an axis of oscillation in fixed location, and arranged for
radial movement to and from said axis, endwise movable types mounted parallel
in said type-case and disposed in several arcs struck from said axis with a radius
equal to the distance from said axis to the line of collimation, a finger-key for
each type, and means for bringing said types selectively to the line of collimation.
22. In a typographic machine, the combination, substantially as set forth, with a
pad-holder, and a plunger arranged to reciprocate in a line of collimation, of a
type-case mounted on an axis of oscillation, and arranged for radial movement to
and from said axis, end wise movable types mounted parallel in said type-case and
disposed in several arcs and in straight non-radial rows transverse to said arcs, a
finger-key for each type, and means for bringing said types selectively to the line
of collimation.
23. In a typographic machine, the combination, substantially as set forth, with a
pad-holder, and a plunger arranged to reciprocate in a line of collimation, of a
type-case mounted on an axis of oscillation, in fixed location and arranged for
radial movement to and from said axis, end wise-movable types mounted parallel in
said type-case and disposed at equal distances on several arcs, a finger-key for
each type, and means for bringing said types selectively to said line of collimation.
24. In a typographic machine, the combination, substantially as set forth, with a
pad-holder, and a plunger arranged to reciprocate in a line of collimation, of a
type-case mounted on an axis of oscillation in fixed location and arranged for
radial movement to and from said axis, endwise movable types mounted parallel in
said type-case and disposed in several arcs located at each side of the normal radial
plane of the line of collimation, a finger-key for each type, and means for bringing
said types selectively to the line of collimation.
25. In a typographic machine, the combination, substantially as set forth, with a
pad-holder, a movable type-case, type, movable end wise in the type-case, and type-
impressing mechanism, of a rigid face-plate disposed between the pad-holder and
type-case and engaging the front of the type-case.
26. In a typographic machine, the combination, substantially as set forth, of a
movable type-case carrying a row of endwise-movable type, a plate having an eye
for the passage of a type, and a rigid guide on said plate engaged by the type-case
and serving to guide the row of type accurately past said eye.
27. In a typographic machine, the combination, substantially as set forth, with a
pad-holder, a movable type-case, type movable endwise in the type-case, and type-
impressing mechanism, of a rigid face-plate disposed between the pad-holder and
type-case and having guide-ribs, and teeth on the type-case to engage said ribs.
28. In a typographic machine, the combination, substantially as set forth, with a
pad-holder, a movable type-case, type, and type-impressing mechanism, of a face-
plate disposed between the pad-holder and type-case and having interrupted guide-
ribs, and teeth on the type-case at the interruption of said ribs and adapted to
engage said ribs.
29. In a typographic machine, the combination, substantially as set forth, with a
pad-holder, a movable type-case, type and type impressing mechanism, of a shaft
of oscillation, and a radial shank and socket uniting the type-case adjustable to said
shaft.
30. In a typographic machine, the combination, substantially as set forth, with a

page_text: pad-holder, a movable type-case, type, and type impressing mechanism, of a shaft of
oscillation, and a radial shank and socket uniting the type-case adjustably and
removably to said shaft.
31. In a typographic machine, the combination, substantially as set forth, of a
type-case mounted for oscillation on an axis and arranged for radial movement
with reference to said axis and a type case lifter reciprocating in guides in a line
radial to said axis and connected with the type-case by teeth having sliding
engagement.
32. In a typographic machine, the combination, substantially as set forth, with a
pad-holder, a movable type-case, type, and type impressing mechanism, of a face-
plate disposed between the pad-holder and type-case and having guide-ribs, a
toothed type-case lifter, and teeth on the type-case normally engaged by said lifter
and adapted to engage said guide-ribs.
33. In a typographic machine, the combination, substantially as set forth, with a
type-case containing types arranged to be dealt with singly as brought into a line
of collimation by the movement of the type-case, of a finger-key pertinent to each
type, an arm moving up and down by power a constant distance at each impulse
of the machine to provide for lifting the type-case, a case-lifter, dogs for causing
the motion of said power-moved arm to be imparted to the case-lifter in degree
according to the dog brought into action, and connections from the dogs to the
appropriate finger-keys whereby a finger-key brings an appropriate dog into
action.
34. In a typographic machine, the combination, substantially as set forth, with a
type-case containing types arranged to be dealt with singly as brought into a line
of collimation by the movement of the type-case, of a finger-key pertinent to
each type, a driving shaft, a lift-cam thereon, a moving arm operated through
constant distance by said cam, a case-lifter, dogs for causing the motion of said
cam-moved arm to be imparted to the case-lifter in degree according to the dog
brought into action, and connections between the dogs and finger-keys whereby a
finger-key brings an appropriate dog into action.
35. In a typographic machine, the combination, substantially as set forth, with a
type-case containing types arranged to be dealt with singly as brought into a line of
collimation by the movement of the type-case, of a finger-key pertinent to each
type, a driving-shaft, a lift-cam thereon, a moving arm operated through constant
distance by said cam, a case-lifter, dogs for causing the motion of said cam-moved
arm to be imparted to the case-lifter in degree according to the dog brought into
action, a dog-operating cam for each dog, and connections between said cams and
finger-keys whereby a finger-key brings an appropriate dog into action.
36. In a typographic machine, the combination, substantially as set forth, with a
type-case containing types arranged to be dealt with singly as brought into a line
of collimation by the movement of the type-case, of a finger-key pertinent to each
type, an arm moving up and down by power a constant distance at each impulse of
the machine to provide for lifting the type-case, a case-lifter, dogs for causing the
motion of said power-moved arm to be imparted to the case-lifter in degree according
to the dog brought into action, a lift-blade along each rank of finger-keys pertinent
to a given lift of type-case and engaged by the keys of that rank, and connection
from the blades to the dog, whereby a finger-key brings into action a dog appro-
priate to the rank of the key.
37. In a typographic machine, the combination, substantially as set forth, with a
type-case containing types arranged to be dealt with singly as brought into a line
of collimation by the movement of the type-case, of a finger-key pertinent to each
type, an arm moving up and down by power a constant distance at each impulse of
the machine to provide for lifting the type-case, a case-lifter, dogs for causing the
motion of said power-moved arm to be imparted to the case-lifter in degree
according to the dog brought into action, a tumbling-shaft connected with each
dog, and connections from the keys to the tumbling-shafts, whereby a finger-key
rocks an appropriate tumbling-shaft and brings an appropriate dog into action.

page_text: 38. In a typographic machine, the combination, substantially as set forth, with a
type-case containing types arranged to be dealt with singly as brought into a line
of collimation by the movement of the type-case, of an arm moving up and down
by power a constant distance at each impulse of the machine to provide for lifting
the type-case, a case-lifter, dogs for causing the motion of said power-moved arm
to be imparted to the case-lifter in degree according to the dog brought into
action, a rank of finger-keys for each degree of type-case lift, an additional rank of
keys, and connections between said dogs and first mentioned ranks of keys whereby
keys in those ranks bring appropriate dogs into action.
39. In a typographic machine, the combination, substantially as set forth, with
a pad-holder, a swinging type-case, type-impressing mechanism, and a finger-key
for each type, of a part, as a sliding rack, moving variably in correspondence with
the type-case as it swings, a power-moved part, as a sliding block, having a constant
stroke sufficient for the maximum swing of the type-case, dogs arranged to connect
said two parts and cause the motion of the power-moved part to be imparted to
the variably-moved part in degree according to the dog brought into action, and
connections between said finger-keys and dogs whereby a finger-key brings into
action an appropriate dog.
40. In a typographic machine, the combination, substantially as set forth, with
a pad-holder, a swinging type-case, type-impressing mechanism, and a finger-key
for each type, of a part, as a sliding rack, moving variably in correspondence with
the type-case as it swings, a power-moved part, as a sliding block having a constant
stroke sufficient for the maximum swing of the type-case, dogs arranged to connect
said two parts and cause the motion of the power-moved part to be imparted to the
variably-moved part in degree according to the dog brought into action, connections
between said keys and dogs whereby a finger-key may move an appropriate dog
into action while the power-moved part is at rest, and an obstruction to prevent the
displacement of the dogs while said power-moved part is in motion.
41. In a typographic machine, the combination substantially as set forth, with a
pad-holder, a swinging type-case, and type-impressing mechanism, of a part, as a
sliding rack, moving variably in correspondence with the type-case as it swings,
a power-moved part, as a sliding-block, having a constant stroke sufficient for the
maximum swing of the type-case, dogs arranged to connect said two parts and
cause the motion of the power-moved part to be imparted to the variably-moving
part in degree according to the dog brought into action, a row of finger-keys
pertinent to each degree of type-case-swing, and connections from each row of
keys to a dog whereby any key in a given row will bring into action a dog
appropriate to that row.
42. In a typographic machine, the combination substantially as set forth, with a
pad-holder, a swinging type-case, type-impressing mechanism, and a finger-key for
each type, of a part, as a sliding rack, moving variably in correspondence with the
type-case as it swings two power-moved parts, as sliding blocks, having constant
stroke in opposite directions, dogs arranged to connect said power-moved parts with
the variably-moved part and cause motion of the power-moved part to be imparted
to the variably-moved part in direction and degree accordingly to the dog brought
into action, and connections between the finger-keys and dogs whereby a key brings
into action an appropriate dog.
43. In a typographic machine, the combination, substantially as set forth, with a pad-
holder, a swinging type-case, type-impressing mechanism, and a finger-key for each
type, of a part, as a sliding-rack, moving variably in correspondence with the type-case
as it swings, a power-moved part, as a sliding block, having a constant stroke sufficient
for the maximum swing of the type-case, dogs arranged to connect said two parts
and cause the motion of the power-moved part to be imparted to the variably-
moving part in degree according to the dog brought into action, a swing-blade
engaged by each group of keys calling for the same degree and direction of type-
case swing, and a connection from each blade to a dog appropriate to its degree and
direction of type-case swing.

page_text: 44. In a typographic machine, the combination, substantially as set forth, with a
pad-holder, a swinging type-case, type impressing mechanism, a finger-key for each
type, a bar reciprocating in correspondence with the swing of the type-case, and a
block moved by power a constant distance at each impulse of the machine, of
movable pins in said block, a shoulder on said bar for each block-pin and of
peculiar appropriate distance from each block-pin, and connections between keys
and pins whereby a key will bring an appropriate block-pin in position to engage
its bar-shoulder.
45. In a typographic machine, the combination, substantially as set forth, with a
pad-holder, a swinging type-case, type-impressing mechanism, a finger-key for each
type, a bar reciprocating in correspondence with the swing of the type-case, and a
block moved by power a constant distance at each impulse of the machine, of a
plate having button-holes ander said block, movable pins in the block and
presenting heads below said plate which can rise at one point only in the length of
the button-holes, and connections from said keys to the pins whereby a key may
push the head of an appropriate pin through a button-hole and cause such pin to
engage said bar.
46. In a typographic machine, the combination, substantially as set forth, with a
pad-holder, a swinging type-case, type-impressing mechanism, a finger-key for each
type, a bar reciprocating in correspondence with the swing of the type-case, and a
driving-shaft, of a swing-cam on said shaft, a block moved with a constant stroke
by said cam, dogs arranged to impart the block-motion to said bar in degree
according to the dog in action, and connections between said keys and dogs.
47. In a typographic machine, the combination, substantially as set forth, with
a pad-holder, a swinging type-case, type impressing mechanism, and a finger-key
for each type, of a part, as a sliding-rack, moving variably in correspondence with
the type-case as it swings, a power moved part, as a sliding-block, having a
constant stroke sufficient for the maximum swing of the type-case, dogs arranged
to connect said two parts and cause the motion of the power moved part to be
imparted to variably-moved part in degree according to the dog brought into
action, a separate swing-blade engaged by each lot of finger-keys calling for the
same swing-motion of the type-case, and levers connecting said blades with their
appropriate dogs.
48. In a typographic machine, the combination, substantially as set forth, with a
pad-holder, a swinging type-case, type impressing mechanism, and a finger-key for
each type, of a part, as a sliding rack, moving variably in correspondence with the
type-case as it swings, a power-moved part, as a sliding-block, having a constant
stroke sufficient for the maximum swing of the type-case, dogs arranged to connect
said two parts and cause the motion of the power-moved part to be imparted to
the variably-moved part in degree according to the dog brought into action,.springs
tending to hold the type-case in normal position, and connections between the
finger-keys and dogs.
49. In a typographic machine, the combination, substantially as set forth, with a
pad holder, a swinging type-case, type-impressing mechanism, and a finger-key for
each type, of a part, as a sliding rack, moving variably in correspondence with the
type-case as it swings, a power-moved part as a sliding block, having a constant
stroke sufficient for the maximum swing of the type-case, dogs arranged to connect
said two parts and cause the motion of the power-moved part to be imparted to the
variably-moved part in degree according to the dog brought into action, a driving-
shaft, a stop-clutch, a starting-bar to move and cause the machine to make an
impulse, and connections between the finger-keys and dogs and a starting-bar
whereby a finger-key brings an appropriate dog into action and moves the
starting-bar.
50. In a typographic machine, the combination, substantially as set forth with a
pad-holder, a swinging type-case, type-impressing mechanism, and a finger-key for
each type, of a part, as a sliding rack, moving variably in correspondence with the
type-case as it swings, a power-moved part, as a sliding-block, having a constant

page_text: stroke sufficient for the maximum swing of the type-case, dogs arranged to connect
said two parts and cause the motion of the power-moved part to be imparted to the
variably moved part in degree according to the dog brought into action, a driving
shaft, a stop-clutch a starting-bar to move and cause the machine to make an
impulse, & clutch-cam on the driving shaft, and connections between the finger-keys
and dogs and starting-bar and cam, whereby a finger-key brings an appropriate dog
into action and moves the starting-bar and whereby the impulse of the machine
restores the starting-bar and finger-key.
51. In a typographic machine, the combination, substantially as set forth, with a
pad-holder, a swinging type-case, type, type-impressing mechanism, and a finger-
key for each type, of a bar reciprocating according to the swing of the type-case
and having a projection, a pair of power-moved reciprocating swing-blocks normally
holding said projection between them, dogs in the blocks for connecting the blocks
and bar, and connections between the keys and dogs.
52. In a typographic machine, the combination, substantially as set forth, with a
pad-holder, a swinging type-case, type, type-impressing mechanism, and a finger-
key for each type, of a segmental series of obstructions or teeth corresponding with
degrees of swing of the type-case, a locking-finger connected and oscillating with the
type-case, and devices to move said obstructions into the path of said locking-finger.
53. In a typographic machine, the combination, substantially as set forth, with a
pad-holder, a swinging type-case, type, type-impressing mechanism, and a finger-
key for each type, of a lock-finger oscillating with the type-case, a notched segment
fixed against circumferential movement and normally free of said finger, and
mechanism for bringing the segment to the finger as the case swings.
54. In a typographic machine, the combination, substantially as set forth, with a
pad-holder, a swinging type-case, type, type-impressing mechanism, and a finger-
key for each type, of a pair of lock fingers oscillating with the type case, a pair of
notched segments normally free of said fingers, and devices for bringing the
segment toward the fingers as the type-case-swings.
55. In a typographic machine, the combination, substantially as set forth, with
type, type-impressions, mechanism, and a pad-carriage, of a rack and pinion to
advance the carriage, a pawl and ratchet, a power-moved pawl-arm, a change-gear
on the shaft of said ratchet, a change-gear on the shaft of said pinion, an adjustable
sector-bracket, and intermediate gearing carried by said sector-bracket and gearing
into said two change-gears.
56. In a typographic machine, the combination, substantially as set forth, with
type, type-impressing mechanism, and a pad-carriage, of a rack and pinion to.
advance the carriage, a feed-pawl and ratchet to turn the pinion, a stop-pawl to
prevent retreat of the ratchet, a stop to hold the feed-pawl normally disengaged, a
limit-stop to be engaged by the advancing carriage, and connections from the limit-
stop to the stop-pawl whereby the advancing carriage releases the ratchet from the
stop-pawl.
57. In a typographic machine, the combination, substantially as set forth, with
type, type-impressing mechanism, and a pad-carriage, of a rack and pinion to
advance the carriage, a feed-pawl and ratchet to turn the pinion, a stop-pawl to
prevent retreat of the ratchet, a stop to hold the feed-pawl normally disengaged,
a limit-stop to be engaged by the advancing carriage, a limit-stop to be engaged
by the retreating carriage, and connections from the limit stops to the stop-pawl
whereby the advancing carriage releases the ratchet from the stop-pawl and the
retreating carriage restores the stop-pawl.
58. In a typographic machine, the combination, substantially as set forth, of a
driving shaft, a pulley loose thereon, a clutch for engaging the pulley with the
shaft, a pad-carriage, carriage feeding mechanism operated by said shaft, and
carriage-backing mechanism operated by said pulley, whereby the carriage may
feed forward only when the shaft is in motion but may move back when the shaft
is at rest.
59. In a typographic machine, the combination, substantially as set forth, with

page_text: type, type-impressing mechanism, and a pad-carriage, of a carriage-feeding
mechanism, a carriage-backing shaft, a slip-pulley thereon, a stop to prevent
retreat of the carriage, and connections to said stop to be engaged by the advancing
carriage to release the stop.
60. In a typographic machine, the combination, substantially as set forth, with
type, type-impressing mechanism, and a pad-carriage, of a carriage-feeding
mechanism, a carriage-backing shaft, a friction-disk thereon, a pulley-rim driving
Baid disk by friction, a stop to prevent retreat of the carriage, and connections to
Baid stop to be engaged by the advancing carriage to release the stop.
61. In a typographic machine, the combination, substantially as set forth, with
type, type-impressing mechanism, and a pad-carriage, of a carriage-feeding
mechanisin, a carriage-backing shaft, a slip-pulley thereon, a driving-shaft, a stop-
clutch, a belt from the stop-clutch to the slip-pulley, a stop to prevent retreat of
the carriage, and connections to said stop to be engaged by the advancing carriage
to release the stop.
62. In a typographic machine, the combination, substantially as set forth, with
type, type-impressing mechanism, a pad-carriage, and feed devices to advance the
carriage, of an intermittently rotating driving-shaft, a continuously rotating
carriage-backing slip-pulley, a stop to prevent retreat of the carriage, and
connections to said stop to be engaged by the advancing carriage to release
the stop.
63. In a typographic machine, the combination, substantially as set forth, with
type, type-impressing mechanism, and a pad-carriage, of a pinion to advance the
carriage, a pinion to back the carriage, a driving shaft arranged to operate the
first pinion, and a slip pulley to operate the backing-pinion.
64. In a typographic machine, the combination, substantially as set forth, with
type, type impressing mechanism, and a pad-carriage, of two limit-stops to be
engaged by the carriage, a driving-shaft, a lock therefor, and connections from
said limit-stops to said lock whereby the driving-shaft cannot operate while the
carriage is retreating.
65. In a typographic machine, the combination, substantially as set forth, with a
pad-bolder, types arranged to be dealt with singly, type impressing mechanism, and
a finger-key for each type, of a constant-stroke feed-part, as a rocking-arm, moved
by power at each impulse of the machine to provide for feeding the pad-holder, a
variable-stroke feed-part, as a lever, moving in accordance with the degree of pad-
feed, dogs for causing the motion of said constant-stroke part to be imparted to
said variable-stroke part in degree according to the dog brought into action, and
connections from the dogs to the appropriate finger-keys whereby a finger-key
brings an appropriate dog into action.
66. In a typographic machine, the combination, substantially as set forth, with a
pad-holder, types arranged to be dealt with singly, type impressing mechanism,
and a finger-key for each type, of a constant-stroke feed-part, as a rocking arm,
moved by power at each impulse of the machine to provide for feeding the pad-
holder, a variable-stroke feed-part, as a lever, moving in accordance with the
degree of pad-feed, dogs for causing the motion of said constant-stroke part to be
imparted to said variable-stroke part in degree according to the dog brought into
action, a connection between the constant-stroke part and variable-stroke part
whereby a minimum of motion or unit of feed is imparted at each and every impulse
of the machine, and connections from dogs to the type-keys pertinent to type calling
for more than a unit of pad-feed.
67. In a typographic machine, the combination, substantially as set forth, with
a pad-holder, types arranged to be dealt with singly, type-impressing mechanism,
and a finger-key for each type, of a driving-shaft, a feed-cam thereon, a constant-
stroke feed-part, as a rocking arm, operated by said cam, variable-stroke feed-part,
as a lever, dogs for causing the motion of the constant-stroke part to be imparted
to the variable-stroke part in degree according to the dog brought into action,
and connections between the dogs and appropriate finger-keys.

page_text: 68. In a typographic machine, the combination, substantially as set forth, with
a pad-holder, types arranged to be dealt with singly, type impressing mechanism,
and a finger-key for each type, of a constant stroke feed-part, as a rocking-arm,
moved by power at each impulse of the machine to provide for feeding the pad-
holder, a variable-stroke feed-part, as a lever, moving in accordance with the degree
of pad-feed, dogs for causing the motion of said constant-stroke part to be imparted
to said variable-stroke part in degree according to the dog brought into action,
a tumbling-shaft connected with each dog, and connections from the tumbling-shafts
to the appropriate finger-keys.
69. In a typographic machine, the combination, substantially as set forth, with
a pad-holder, types arranged to be dealt with singly, type-impressing mechanism,
and a finger-key for each type, of a constant-stroke feed-part, as a rocking arm,
moved by power at each impulse of the machine to provide for feeding the pad-
holder, a variable stroke feed-part, as a lever, moving in accordance with the degree
of pad-feed, dogs for causing the motion of said constant-stroke part to be imparted
to said variable-stroke part in degree according to the dog brought into action,
feed-levers engaged by the appropriate finger-keys, and connections from the levers
to the dogs.
70. In a typographic machine, the combination, substantially as set forth, with
a pad-holder, types arranged to be dealt with singly, type impressing mechanism,
and a finger-key for each type, of a constant-stroke feed-part, as a rocking-arm,
moved by power at each impulse of the machine to provide for feeding the pad
holder, a variable-stroke feed-part, as a lever, moving in accordance with the degree
of pad-feed, dogs for causing the motion of said constant-stroke part to be imparted
to said variable-stroke part in degree according to the dog brought into action,
feed-levers each disposed along side of and engaged by several finger-keys, and
connections from the levers to the dogs.
71. In a typographic machine, the combination, substantially as set forth, with
a pad-holder, types arranged to be dealt with singly, type impressing mechanism,
and a finger-key, for each type, of a constant-stroke feed-part, as a rocking arm,
moved by power at each impulse of the machine to provide for feeding the pad-
holder, a variable-stroke feed-part as a lever, moving in accordance with the degree
of pad-feed, dogs for causing the motion of said constant-stroke part to be imparted
to said variable-stroke part in degree according to the dog brought into action, a
tumbling-shaft for and connected with each dog, and feed-levers adjustable along
said shafts and engaged by appropriate finger-keys.
72. In a typographic machine, the combination, substantially as set forth, with
a pad-holder, type arranged to be dealt with singly, type impressing mechanism,
and a finger-key for each type, of a constant-stroke feed-part, as a rocking arm,
moved by power at each impulse of the machine to provide for feeding the pad-
holder, a variable-stroke feed-part, as a lever, moving in accordance with the degree
of pad-feed, dogs for causing the motion of said constant-stroke part to be imparted
to said variable stroke part in degree according to the dog brought into action, a
driving-shaft, a cam thereon, and connections between said cam and dogs whereby
the rotation of the cam restores a displaced dog to normal idle position.
73. In a typographic machine, the combination, substantially as set forth, of a
carriage-rail, a carriage sliding thereon, a pad holder sliding in the carriage at
right angles to the rail, a rack and pinion to move the pad-holder in the carriage,
a pawl and ratchet to turn said pinion, a connection to transmit motion to said pawl,
and a wiper on the rail to engage said connection and move the pawl forward as
the carriage travels back on the rail.
74. In a typographic machine, the combination, substantially as set forth, of a
carriage-rail, a carriage sliding thereon, a pad holder sliding in the carriage at
right angles to the rail, a rack and pinion to move the pad-holder in the carriage,
a pawi and ratchet to turn said pinion, a connection to transmit motion to said pawl,
and a wiper mounted on the rail and arranged to engage and move said connections
and advance the pawl as the carriage travels back upon the rail and to be moved

page_text: by said connection without pawl-movement as the carriage travels forward on
the rail.
75. In a typographic machine, the combination, substantially as set forth, of a
carriage rail, a carriage sliding thereon, a pad-holder sliding in the carriage at
right angles to the rail, a rack and pinion to move the pad-holder in the carriage, a
pawl and ratchet to turn said pinion, a rocking lever mounted on the carriage and
connected to said pawl and having a projection, a wiper engaging and moving said
projection as the carriage moves back upon the rail and serving to advance the
pawl, a stop to limit the returu motion of said projection, and devices for changing
the position of said stop to regulate the vertical feed of the pad.
76. In a typographic machine, the combination, substantially as set forth, of a
carriage-rail, a carriage sliding thereon, a pad-holder sliding in the carriage at
right angles to the rail, a rack and pinion to move the pad-holder in the carriage, a
pawl and ratchet to turn said pinion, a rocking lever mounted on the carriage and
connected to said pawl and having a projection, a wiper engaging and moving said
projection as the carriage moves back upon the rail and serving to advance the
pawl, an adjusting-lever mounted on the axis of said rocking lever, a stop on said
adjusting lever to limit the return motion of said projection, and a series of detents
for adjusting the position of said adjusting-lever.
77. In a typographic machine, the combination, substantially as set forth, of a
carriage rail, a carriage sliding thereon, a pad-holder sliding in the carriage at
right angles to the rail, a rack and pinion to move the pad-holder in the carriage, a
pawl and ratchet to turn said pinion, a rocking lever mounted on the carriage and
connected to said pawl and having a projection, a wiper engaging and moving said
projection as the carriage moves back upon the rail and serving to advance the.
pawl, and a stop to limit the return motion of said projection.
78. In a typographic machine, the combination, substantially as set forth, of a
carriage-rail, a carriage sliding thereon, a pad-holder sliding in the carriage at
right angles to the rail, a rack and pinion to move the pad-holder in the carriage, a
pawl and ratchet to turn said pinion, a connection to transmit motion to said pawl,
wiper on the rail to engage said connection as the carriage moves back, a roof-
piece over said pawl and clear thereof as the pawl works its ratchet, and devices to
abnormally extend the back-stroke of the pawl and bring its heel into engagement
with said roof to disengage the pawl from its ratchet.
the
79. In a typographic machine, the combination, substantially as set forth, of a
carriage-rail, a carriage sliding thereon, a pad-holder sliding in the carriage at
right angles to the rail, a rack and pinion to move the pad-holder in the carriage, a
ratchet connected with said pinion, a feed-pawl therefor, a roof-piece to engage
feed-pawl-heel and disengage the pawl when drawn abnormally backward, a stop-
pawl engaging said ratchet, a connection to transmit motion to said feed-pawl and
having a projection to engage said stop-pawl, a wiper on the rail to move said
connection as the carriage goes back, and devices to move said connection normally
backward to release both said pawls.
80. In a typographic machine, the combination, substantially as set forth, of a
carriage-rail, a carriage sliding thereon, a pad-holder sliding in the carriage at
right angles to the rail, a rack and pinion and pawl at each side of the pad-holder,
a three-armed lever pivoted on the carriage, connections from said lever to the
pawls, and a wiper to engage and rock said lever as the carriage moves back on the
rail.
81. The combination, substantially as set forth, of a case having a wicket, a
cylinder having a spiral groove and arranged to rotate and rise and fall in said case,
a spindle for said cylinder, and a series of graduations on the cylinder parallel with
said spiral groove.
82. The combination, substantially as set forth, of a frame having guide-holes for
finger-keys, finger-keys having stems engaging said guide-holes, levers or blades
disposed alongside the stems, and pius projecting from the stems over the levers or
blades,

page_text: 83. The combination, substantially as set forth, of a frame having guide-holes
for finger-keys, finger-keys having bored and slotted stems engaging said guide-
holes, springs within the stems, and abutment-strips having teeth projecting into
the key-stems.
84. In a typographic machine, the combination, substantially as set forth, with a
pad-holder, type and mechanism for forcing the type singly toward the pad-holder,
of a pressure-finger near the impression-point of the pad and out of the path of
type and standing normally free from the pad, and means for pressing the pressure-
finger to the pad at the time of impression.
85. In a typographic machine, the combination, substantially as set forth, with a
pad-holder, type, and mechanism for forcing the type singly toward the pad-holder,
of a pressure-nger near the impression-point of the pad and out of the path
of type and standing normally free from the pad, means for forcing the pressure-
finger to the pad at the time of impression, and a yielding connection between
the forcing means and pressure-finger whereby the finger is forced to the pad with
an elastic pressure.
86. In a typographic machine, the combination, substantially as set forth, with a
pad-holder, type, and mechanism for forcing a type toward the pad-holder, of a
pressure-finger near the impression-point of the pad and standing normally free
from the pad, means for forcing the pressure-finger to the pad at the time of
impression, a spring connection between the forcing means and pressure-finger
whereby, the finger is forced to the pad with an elastic pressure, and adjusting
devices for regulating the tension of said spring connection.
87. In a typographic machine, the combination, substantially as set forth, with a
pad-holder, type, and mechanism for forcing a type toward the pad-holder, of a
pressure-finger near the impression-point of the pad and standing normally free
from the pad, a wedge engaging the pressure-finger, and means for moving the
wedge to force the finger to the pad at the time of impression.
88. In a typographic machine, the combination, substantially as set forth, with a
pad-holder, type, and mechanism for forcing a type toward the pad-holder, of a
pressure-finger near the impression-point of the pad and standing normally free
from the pad, a wedge engaging the finger, a rocking-arm, and connections between
the wedge and the rocking-arm.
89. In a typographic machine, the combination, substantially as set forth, with a
pad-holder, type, and mechanism for forcing a type toward the pad-holder, of a
pressure-finger near the impression-point of the pad and standing normally free
from the pad, a wedge engaging the finger, a driving-shaft, a rocking-arm, con-
nections between the wedge and the rocking-arm, and a cam on the driving-shaft
adapted to move the wedge and force the finger to the pad at each rotation of the
driving-shaft.
90. In a typographic machine, the combination, substantially as set forth, with a
pad-holder, type, and mechanism for forcing the type singly toward the pad-holder,
of a rigid plate disposed between the type and pad-holder, an eye in said plate for
the passage of a type, a pressure-finger mounted on the plate near the eye, and
means for forcing the finger to the pad at the time of impression.
91. The combination substantially as set forth, of a pad-holder having a fixed
pad-gripping rib, a pad clamp, arranged to move on the holder to and from said
rib, and a cam to lock the clamp in adjusted position.
92. In a typographic machine, the combination, substantially as set forth, with
a pad-holder and a movable case of endwise movable types, of a hook-ended
plunger adapted to engage any type brought to the plunger line, an anvil rigidly
supported in the plunger line and adjustable to and from the plunger independent
of the position of the pad-holder, a driving shaft, and means for causing rotation
of said shaft to force the plunger a definite distance toward said anvil.
93. In a typographic machine, the combination, substantially as set forth, with
a pad-holder and a movable case of endwise movable type, of a plunger adapted
to engage any type brought to the plunger-line, a fixed anvil engaging the back

page_text: of the pad in that line, a toggle connected with the plunger and a driving-shaft
for operating the toggle to advance the plunger and engaged type a definite
distance toward the anvil.
94. In a typographic machine, the combination, substantially as set forth, with
a pad-holder and a movable case of endwise-movable type, of a fixed anvil engaging
the rear of the pad, a plunger adapted to engage any type brought into the
plunger-line and force the type a definite distance toward the anvil, a driving-shaft,
a cam on the driving-shaft, and connections from the cam to the plunger to produce
one advance and retreat of the plunger at each rotation of the shaft.
95. The combination, substantially as set forth, of a shaft, a toothed pulley loose
thereon, a fixed rim having a notch, a driver secured to the shaft and arranged to
engage the pulley and be held in such engagement by said rim and to disengage
at said notch, and a movable piece at said notch to push the driver out of the
notch and into engagement with said pulley.
96. The combination, substantially as set forth, of a shaft, a toothed pulley loose
thereon, a fixed rim having a notch with an arresting wall, a driver on the shaft
arranged to engage said pulley and be held in such engagement by said rim and to
disengage at said notch and rest against said wall, and a movable piece at said
notch to push the driver out of the notch and into engagement with the pulley.
97. The combination, substantially as set forth, of a shaft, a toothed pulley loose
thereon, a fixed rim having a notch, a driver on the shaft arranged to engage Baid
pulley and be held in such engagement by said rim and to disengage at the notch,
a fixed incline at the notch to move the driver from the pulley to the notch, and a
movable piece to move the driver from the notch to the pulley.
98. The combination, substantially as set forth, of a shaft, a toothed pulley loose
thereon, a fixed rim having a notch with an arresting wall, a driver on the shaft
arranged to engage the pulley and be so held by the rim and to disengage and rest
at the notch-wall, a fixed incline to move the driver from the pulley to the notch,
and a movable piece to move the driver from the notch to the pulley.
99. The combination, substantially as set forth, of a shaft, a toothed pulley loose
thereon, a fixed rim having a notch with an arresting wall, a driver on the shaft
arranged to engage said pulley and be so held by the rim and to disengage and
rest at the notch-wall, a latch to prevent the rebound of the driver from the
wall, and a movable piece to move the driver from the notch into engagement with
the pulley.
100. The combination, substantially as set forth, of a shaft, a toothed pulley
loose thereon, a fixed notched rim, a driver on the shaft arranged to engage the
pulley and be so held by the rim and released at the notch, and a sliding-pin at the
notch to push the driver from the notch.
101. The combination, substantially as set forth, of a shaft, a toothed pulley
loose thereon, a fixed notched rim, a driver on the shaft arranged to engage the
pulley and be so held by the rim and released at the notch, a sliding pin at the
notch to push the driver from the notch, and a cam on the shaft to withdraw
the pin.
&
102. A typographic machine, in which a normally stationary shaft serves, when
given a single rotation, to put a selected type in a line of collimation, then give
steady measured impression of that type on the receiving pad, then restore the
type to normal position, and then advance the pad a distance appropriate to
that type, the shaft-motion being started by a selected finger-key of which there
is one for each type, the shaft thus furnishing all the power for moving and
impressing the type and restoring the type to normal position, and also for moving
the receiving pad.
Dated this 27th 2 of Contama 1900
ALLISON BROS.,
Agents for the Applicants.