IMPROVEMENTS IN DOORS AND WINDOWS, AND IN THEIR FRAMES AND FITTINGS
Year: 1877

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Peter Jensen, of Chancery Lane, London, for the Invention
of "IMPROVEMENTS IN DOORS AND WINDOWS, AND IN THEIR FRAMES AND
FITTINGS." A communication from abroad by Hjalmar Bergman, of Stockholm,
Sweden, a Captain in the Corps of Royal Engineers.
Sealed the 6th October 1877, and dated the 14th April 1877.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Peter Jensen at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 14th April 1877.
PETER JENSEN, of Chancery Lane, London. "IMPROVEMENTS IN DOORS AND
WINDOWS, AND IN THEIR FRAMES AND FITTINGS." (A communication from abroad
by Hjalmar Bergman, of Stockholm, Sweden, a Captain in the Corps of Royal
Engineers.)
The object of this Invention is to provide a tight and draught free joint between
window frames and door frames, and the brick work or masonry around the same,
and between the windows and doors against one another, and against their frames.
For this purpose the window and door frames are made with one or more grooves
all round, which become filled when the frames are built in, and when the brick-
work or cement or mortar dries the joint remains nevertheless tight; or according
to another arrangement the frame is all round fitted or formed with a projecting
feather, which is wedge shaped, that is, wider outside than next the frame, and thus
when the brickwork dries makes a tight joint; or the frame may be fitted or formed
with two or more square feathers all round and fitting in correspondingly recessed
tiles or bricks.
To prevent draught at doors or casement windows they are fitted in a recess in
the framing bottoming therein, and provided with a close fitting overlap all round,
ample play being provided all round in the recess, a comparatively large space is
thereby formed containing air which is a bad conductor of heat, and which
therein.
space will take up and check any draught of air that may possibly pass
In order to produce a constant pressure of the window against the window
fraine, the hinge bolts are shifted further on to the frame than is usually done. The

page_text: hinge bolts are formed with a central or lateral hole therein, the pin being to screw
out or otherwise to remove.
In order to produce the necessary pressure of the casement window against the
middle post the fastenings must be such as to ensure this. One way is according to
this Invention to use an eccentric hook on to which the hasp is pushed, and the hasp
being screwed into the wood can by screwing be regulated to exert the required
pressure.
For windows without middle post a casement fastener is used as follows:-There
is on one of the windows a vertical iron rod or bar, which by means of a lever can
be raised or lowered; this bar is at the top jointed to one end of a small bent lever,
the other end of which when the bar is lowered enters a recessed shoe in the
window frame; the bar is at the bottom jointed to an ordinary tumbler or catch,
which enters a recessed shoe when the bar is depressed; this recessed shoe is formed
with an incline to facilitate the entry of the catch and to ensure the required
pressure. The shoes can be set exactly by means of set screws. To prevent their
warping the doors and windows are made with strong diagonal pieces passing from
the middle of the upper rail to the styles of the door or window.
For locking the window or door by a single locking appliance a latch is used,
which falls into a recessed fitting formed with inclined surfaces, thus pressing the
door or window against the framing; for opening it the handle is turned down-
wards as is usual, and remains in that position until the door or window is closed,
and the latch is turned in the opposite direction, pressing the door or window
firmly against the framing. To back it in the closed position the key is turned
until it has brought a stopping lever or tumbler to about right angles with and
against the latch; the door cannot then be opened until by turning the key the
lever is turned free of the latch; the lever is held in its two extreme positions by
means of a projecting tooth on a spring falling into notches or recesses.
To prevent warping by drying, the door or window may be fitted in the
middle with a closing and locking appliance, as just described, and with a bar with
bent lever at the top and tumbler or catch at the bottom, the bar being raised and a
lowered by means of a handle, as above described.
The "bolt" of an ordinary or other lock would then pass through the bar and
enter a recessed fitting in the other door or window; or the rails and styles of the
doors and windows may be made somewhat thicker than usual for preventing
warping.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said Peter Jensen in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 13th October
1877.
68
PETER JENSEN, of Chancery Lane, London. "IMPROVEMENTS IN DOORS AND
WINDOWS, AND IN THEIR FRAMES AND FITTINGS." (A. communication from abrond
by Hjalmar Bergman, of Stockholm, Sweden, a Captain in the Corps of Royal
Engineers.)
The object of this Invention is to provide a tight and draught free joint between
window frames and door frame, and the brickwork or masonry around the same,
and between the windows and doors against one another, and against their frames,
This Invention is illustrated in the accompanying Drawings, which represent
various doors and windows, and windows and parts of and fittings for same. For
this purpose the window and door frames are made with a groove a all round, as
shewn at Figures 1, 2, and 3, or with several grooves all round, as shewn in
Figures 4, 18, 23, and 30; this groove or these grooves become filled when the
frames are built in, and when the brickwork or cement or mortar dries the joint
remains nevertheless tight; or according to another arrangement which is illus-

page_text: trated in Figures 5 and 7, the frame is all round fitted or formed with a projecting
feather b, which is wedge shaped, that is, wider outside than next the frame, and
thus when the brickwork dries makes a tight joint; or the frame may, as shewn in
Figures 8 and 9, be fitted or formed with two or more square feathers all round and
fitting in correspondingly recessed tiles or bricks.
To prevent draught at doors or casement windows, as shewn in Figures 1 to 5,
7 to 9, and 14, 18, 21, 23, and 30, they are fitted in a recess in the framing
bottoming therein, and provided with a close fitting overlap all round, ample play
being provided all round in the recess; a comparatively large space is thereby formed
containing air which is a bad conductor of heat, and which space will take up and
check any draught of air that may possibly pass therein.
In order to produce a constant pressure of the window against the window frame
the hinge bolts & of the casement window or door are shifted further on to the frame
than is usually done; this is illustrated in Figures 3 to 5, 7 to 9, and 18, 23, & 30.
The hinge bolts & are formed with a central or lateral hole therein, the pin e being
to screw out or otherwise to remove, see also Figures 22 and 29.
In order to produce the necessary pressure of the casement window against the
middle post the fastenings must be such as to ensure this; one way is illustrated in
Figures 5 and 6, and consists in using an eccentric hook or plate, on to which the
hasp fis pushed, and the hasp being screwed into the wood can by screwing be
regulated to exert the required pressure.
I
For windows without middle port, such as shewn in Figures 9 to 17, a casement
fastener is used as follows:-There is in one of the windows a vertical iron rod or
bar g, which by means of a lever h can be raised or lowered, see Figures 9 and 12;
this bar is at the top jointed to one end of a small bent lever 1, Figure 10, the
other end of which when the bar is lowered enters a recessed shoe in the window
frame; the bar is at the bottom jointed to an ordinary tumbler or catch k,
Figure 13, which enters a recessed shoe when the bar is depressed; this recessed
shoe is formed with an incline to facilitate the entry of the catch and to insure the
required pressure. The shoes m can be set exactly by means of set screws n, as
shewn in Figures 13 to 15. To prevent their warping the doors and windows arc
made with strong diagonal pieces passing from the middle of the upper rail to the
styles of the door or window, as shewn in Figures 10, 22, and 29.
For locking the window or door by a single locking appliance a latch 2,
Figures 22 to 29 is used, which falls into a recessed fitting formed with inclined
surfaces, thus pressing the door or window against the framing; for opening it the
handle is turned downwards as is usual, and remains in that position until the door
or window is closed and the latch is turned in the opposite direction, pressing the
door or window against the framing. To lock it in the closed position the key is
turned until it has brought a stopping lever or tumbler o to about right angle with
and against the latch p; the door cannot then be opened until by turning the key,
the lever is turned free of the latch; the lever is held in its two extreme positions
by means of a projecting tooth r on a spring q, falling into notches or recesses.
To prevent warping by drying, the door or window may, as shown in Figures
10, 20, and 21, be fitted in the middle with a closing and locking appliance, as just
described, and with a bar u with bent lever 8 at the top, and tumbler or catch tat
the bottom, the bar being raised and lowered by means of a handle, as above
described.
The "bolt" x of an ordinary or other lock would then pass through the bar and
enter a recessed fitting in the other door or window; or the rails and styles of the
doors and windows may be made somewhat thicker than usual for preventing
warping, as also here shown in the Drawings.
And, having thus described and ascertained the nature of this Invention, I declare
that I claim as the herein described Invention,-
Firstly. Fitting door and window frames with one or more grooves all round, and
also applying therewith correspondingly formed tiles, all substantially as and for
the purposes set forth.

page_text: Secondly. So fitting windows and doors to their frames as to form amply enclosed
air spaces, all substantially as and for the purpose set forth; and
Thirdly. The various closing and locking appliances for windows and doors,
substantially as set forth.
In witness whereof, I, the said Peter Jensen, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this Thirteenth day of October, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and seventy-seven.
PETER JENSEN. (LS.)