IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF GLASS, SAND, AND EMERY PAPERS, AND CLOTHS, AND OTHER SIMILAR ARTICLES USED FOR LIKE PURPOSES.
Year: 1859

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Erwood, of 182, Goswell Street, Clerkenwell,
in the County of Middlesex, Paper Stainer, and Joseph Skertchly, of
Ashby-de-la-Zouch, in the County of Leicester, Engineer, for the Inven-
tion of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF GLASS, SAND, AND EMERY
PAPERS, AND CLOTHS, AND OTHER SIMILAR ARTICLES USED FOR LIKE PURPOSES.."
Scaled the 8th September 1859, and dated the 9th March 1859.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Erwood and Joseph
Skertchly at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 9th March 1859.
We, JOHN ERWOOD, of 132, Goswell Street, Clerkenwell, in the County of
Middlesex, Paper Stainer, and JOSEPH SKERTCHLY, of Ashby-de-la-Zouch,. in
the County of Leicester, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF GLASS, SAND, AND EMERY
PAPERS, AND CLOTHS, AND OTHER SIMILAR ARTICLES USED FOR LIKE PURPOSES," to be
as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to obtain greater durability in. glass, sand,.
and emery papers, and cloths, and other similar articles used. for like purposes.
These papers and cloths, as heretofore manufactured,.have presented surfaces
roughened only by the granulated material being spread evenly upon, them.
In the improved glass, sand, emery, and other similar papers and cloths, which
are now sought to be secured by Letters Patent,, we propose to impart
additional unevenness to their surfaces by embossing or otherwise producing

page_text: upon them lines, checquers, or other suitable devices or patterns in relief, the
effect of which will be to prevent friction on the entire abrading surface of
the paper or cloth at the commencement of its use, and as the parts highest in
relief (by acting upon the substance first) are gradually worn away, fresh and
unworn parts immediately beneath them are brought successively into action,
until the paper or cloth becomes useless.
We prefer to emboss the papers and cloths after the abrading material is
spread upon them by passing them between rollers or other surfaces suitably
engraved, pressure being given by convenient mechanical means; but the papers
or.cloths may be embossed, if preferred, before the abrading material is spread
thereon.
A surface similar in kind may be obtained by causing a larger quantity of
the abrading material to be deposited on those parts which are required to bo
the highest in relief. than on the remaining parts. This mode of producing
the relief figures or patterns may be adopted alone, or they may be embossed
afterwards by pressure, as above described.
Sometimes we perforato the papers and cloths, in order to permit the
particles which accumulate beneath the paper or cloth, when in use, to have
additional means of escape; and these perforations we employ either with or
without the improvements in relief, as herciu-before-described..
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said John Erwood and Joseph Skertchly in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 8th September 1859.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, JOHN
ERWOOD, of 132, Goswell Street, Clerkenwell, in the County of Middlesex,
Paper Stainer, and JOSEPII SKERTCHLY, of Ashby-de-la-Zouch, in the County
of Leicester, Engineer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Ninth day of March, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and fifty-nine, in the twenty-second year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto us, the
said John Erwood and. Joseph Skertchly, Her special licence that wo, the
said John Erwood and Joseph Skertchly, our executors, administrators,
and assigns, or such others as we, the said John Erwood and Joseph
Skertchly, our executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree
with, and, no others, from time to time and at all times--thereafter during.

page_text: the term therein expressed, should and lawruny mignt make, use, exercise,
and vend; within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF GLASS, SAND, AND EMERY PAPERS, AND CLOTHS, AND OTHER
SIMILAR ARTICLES USED FOR LIKE PURPOSES," "upon the condition (amongst others)
that we, the said John Erwood and Joseph Skertchly, our executors or admi-
nistrators, by an instrument in writing under our, or one of our, or their, or
one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be per-
formed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within
six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
:
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said John Erwood, on behalf of myself
and the said Joseph Skertchly, do hereby declare the: nature. of our said
Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be parti-
cularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement.:-
Glass, sand, and emery papers and cloths, and other similar articles used for
like purposes, as heretofore manufactured, have bad their abrading surfaces
produced, by preference, as level and flat as possible. In the improved
abrading papers and cloths which we now desire to secure by Letters Patent,
we raise or depress certain portions of their surfaces by embossing or other-
wise producing lines, patterns, indentations, or other forms upon them, in order
to destroy their level character. The object of this improvement is, that in
their usc, the portions highest in relief are brought in contact with the
substance to be abraded first, and as these portions are gradually worn away,
fresh and unworn parts of the papers or cloths are successively brought into
action until the lowest parts are finally worn out.
It is obvious that when the ordinary papers or cloths are employed, as a
consequence of their flatness, that the interstices between the grains are
speedily choked by the. portions of material removed by friction, while in the
improved papers and cloths there is a greater freedom of action in the same
particles, owing to the spaces being enlarged and deepened by the lines and
patterns, the result being that the improved papers and cloth are more durable
and capable of operating upon a larger amount of material.
We form, or raise, or emboss the lines, patterns, indentations, or devices
upon papers and cloths, before or after the abrading material is fixed upon them
by passing them between surfaces suitably engraved, or otherwise produced,
preferring rollers for the purpose, the one being in relief, while the other is its
counterpart in intaglio; or we cause more of the abrading or other material

page_text: to be deposited in some parts of the paper or cloth than others, in order that
the surface may have higher and lower parts respectively, but we do not
confine ourselves to any particular mode of operation by which the peculiar
effect is produced, so long as the general character of our Invention is adhered
to. Again, as a further means of escape for the abraded particles, and to.
.lossen their choking action, we perforate the papers and cloths with openings
of suitable number, size, and shape, according to the fineness or coarseness
of the papers or cloths to be produced, and this we do either in connection
.with the embossed surfaces herein-before described, or on the flat surfaces as
hitherto manufactured.
We would however distinctly state, that we do not limit ourselves to any
mechanical arrangement or mode of producing embossed or perforated abrading
papers or cloths, as they may be varied without departing from our Invention;
but what we claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is,-
. First, the employment of lines, patterns, or devices, regular or irregular,
in relief, or in intaglio, upon the abrading surfaces of glass, sand, and emery
'papers and cloths, and other similar articles used for like purposes.
Second, perforating the papers and cloths with suitable openings in connec-
tion with the embossing, or on the flat surfaces as heretofore produced.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Erwood, on behalf of myself
and the said Joseph Skertchly, have hereunto set my hand and seal,
this Eighth day of September, in the year of our Lord One thousand
eight bundrod and fifty-nine.