Year: 1898

page_text: I, FRANK PAYNE, of 12, Bedford Row, W.C., Engineer, do hereby declare the nature
of this invention to be as follows:-
My invention relates to improvements in wind-resisting lamps whereby the
difference of pressure at the bottom and top of the lamp chimney is maintained at a
constant value, even in a high gale of wind, and my apparatus for securing this end is
so arranged that no undue heating occurs. I may employ a petroleum burning lamp
with the ordinary wick-burner either tubular flat or duplex and the ordinary glass or
tale chinney. The air to support the combustion of the flame is admitted into a
chamber (which I shall call the balance-chamber) communicating at its lower end
with the air space around or within the wick tubes (according as these are flat or
cylindrical), such balance-chamber communicates at its upper end with a space
surrounding the upper part of the chimney through the bottom of which space the
chimney projects, the joint there being approximately air-tight. It is obvious that
the portion of the glass or talc chimney which projects into the said space can be
replaced by a tube of tin or other suitable metal, a spring being employed to keep
the glass or tale chimney pressed up against a small conical widening of the said
tube at its lower end adapted to receive the upper end of the chimney.
The air is admitted from the external atmosphere by an opening formed at a point
in the balance-chamber between the openings to the upper and lower spaces and
preferably nearer the lower opening, the admission opening being suitably protected
by plates or a perforated external chamber from directly impinging blasts of air.
Slightly below the level of the top of the chimney that is in the upper portion of the
upper air space a series of holes are made to conduct away the products of combustion
and a plate of any desired form is arranged outside these holes to obviate a direct
draught impinging externally against the holes.
This construction whilst obviating the excessive heat found in most storm lamps
provides a constant difference of pressure in the upper and lower air-spaces, the
current of air admitted from the atmosphere separating into two currents one of which
passes downwards to support combustion, the other flowing upward and being carried
out with the products of combustion. The effect of a sudden increase of pressure in
the upper air space is to arrest the flow of the ascending current and a larger
proportion of the admitted air will descend to the lower air space, thus at once
restoring the normal difference of pressure.
It, will be understood that any suitable system of reflectors and metal glass or other
protections may be fitted to a lamp constructed according to my invention in order to
adjust it to any particular use.

page_text: I, FRANK PAYNE, of 12, Bedford Row, London, W.C., Engineer, do hereby
declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:
My invention relates to improvements in wind-resisting lamps, whereby the differ-
ence of pressure at the bottom and top of the lamp chimney is maintained at a
constant value even in a high gale of wind, and my apparatus for securing this end
is so arranged that no undue heating occurs.
In order that my invention may be clearly understood I proceed to describe the
same by reference to the accompanying drawings.
I may employ a petroleum burning lamp with the ordinary wick burner A either
tubular, flat, or duplex, and the ordinary glass or tale chimney B. The air to support
the combustion of the flame is admitted into a chamber C (which I shall call the
balance chamber) communicating at its lower end with the air space D situated below
the top of the burner, and around or within the wick tubes (according as they are
flat or cylindrical). The balance chamber communicates at its upper. end with a
space E, closed at the top, which I shall call the heating space surrounding the upper
part of the chimney, through the bottom of which space the chimney projects, the
joint there being approximately air tight. The air within this space E becomes
heated and induces an upward current in the portion of the balance chamber above
the hole G (hereinafter described) and thus effectually prevents the access of products
of combustion to the flame. It is obvious that the portion of the glass or talc
chimney which projects into the said heating space can be replaced by a tube of tin
or other suitable metal, a spring F or other device being employed to keep the glass
or tale chimney pressed up against a small conical widening of the said tube at its
lower end adapted to receive the upper end of the chimney, as shewn in Fig: 2; or
I may arrange the tube to slide vertically in the heating space so as to engage or
release the top of the chimney, as shewn in Fig. 1, where the outside covering L is
shewn attached to the tube by a metal strap S.
The air is admitted from the external atmosphere by openings G formed at a point
in the balance chamber between the openings to the air space and the heating space,
and preferably nearer the lower opening, the admission openings being suitably
protected by plates or a perforated external chamber H from directly impinging
blasts of air. The portion of the balance chamber below the holes G is so arranged
that no part of it is in proximity to the flame and, therefore, the descending current
of air reaches the air space D unheated.
Slightly below the level of the top of the chimney that is in the upper portion of
the heating space a series of holes K are made to conduct away the products of com-
bustion and a plate L of any desired form is arranged outside these holes to obviate
a direct draught impinging externally against the holes. This construction ensures
a supply of cold air to the air space D and provides a constant difference of pressure
at the upper and lower end of the chimney; the current of air admitted from the
atmosphere separates into two streams one of which passes downward to supply com-
bustion, the other flows upward and is carried out with the products of combustion
through the openings K.
The effect of a sudden increase of pressure in the heating space E is to arrest the
flow of the ascending current in the balance chamber C, a larger proportion of the
admitted air will descend to the air space D thus at once restoring 'the normal
'difference of pressure.

page_text: I may, as shewn in Figs. 2 & 3, place a balance chamber on each side of the
lamp.
It will be understood that any suitable system of reflectors and metal, glass or
other protectors may be fitted to a lamp constructed according to my invention, in
order to adapt it to any particular use.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. In a storm lamp to burn petroleum oil or similar hydro-carbon, a balance
chamber having an opening to the outer air near its lower end, and communicating
at its upper part with a heating space around the top of the chimney and at its base
with an air space below the flame, so that the products of combustion are precluded
from reaching the flame, and cool air is supplied for combustion.
2. The improved storm lamp substantially, as described.