AN IMPROVED MODE OF AND APPARATUS FOR COOLING LIQUIDS
Year: 1860

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James Archibald Jaques, Chemist, and John Americus
Fanshawe, Engineer, both of Tottenham, in the County of Middlesex,
and George Jaques, of Bromley, in the same County, Gentleman, for
the Invention of "AN IMPROVED MODE OF AND APPARATUS FOR COOLING
LIQUIDS."
Sealed the 22nd February 1861, and dated the 29th November 1860.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James Archibald Jaques,
John Americus Fanshawe, and George Jaques at the Office of the Com-
missioners of Patents, with their Petition, on the 29th November
1860.
We, JAMES ARCHIBALD JAQUES, Chemist, and JOHN AMERICUS FANSHAWE,
Engineer, both of Tottenham, in the County of Middlesex, and GEORGE
JAQUES, of Bromley, in the same County, Gentleman, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED MODE OF AND APPARATUS FOR
COOLING LIQUIDS," to be as follows:-
Our Invention of an improved mode of and apparatus for cooling liquids
consists in submitting the hot liquid in the form of spray to the action of the
air in such a manner that each particle or globule or drop of liquid being
surrounded by air, the caloric may be quickly abstracted from the liquid,
which will fall down in a cool state. The apparatus which we prefer to use

page_text: in carrying out our Invention consists principally of a fan, blower, or other
contrivance, whereby air under pressure may be forced through a body of the
liquid to be cooled. In passing through-this-liquid-the-air divides the latter,
and as it escapes and passes up a vertical or other channel provided for the
purpose, the liquid is carried forward in the form of drops or spray. The
blast of air and spray is carried into an upcast shaft, and the liquid on reaching
the top strikes against an inclined cover, and is directed into a downward
channel, whereby it is conveyed away to any suitable receiver.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said James Archibald Jaques, John Americus Fanshawe, and
George Jaques in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 29th May 1861.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, JAMES
ARCHIBALD-JAQUES, Chemist, and JOHN AMERICUS FANSHAWE, Engineer, both
of Tottenham, in the County of Middlesex, and GEORGE JAQUES, of Bromley,
in the same County, Gentleman, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-ninth day of November, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty, in the twenty-fourth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her beirs and successors, give and grant unto us, the
said James Archibald Jaques, John Americus Fanshawe, and George Jaques,
Her special license that we, the said James Archibald Jaques, John Americus
Fanshawe, and George Jaques, our executors, administrators, and assigns, or
such others as we, the said James Archibald Jaques, John Americus Fanshawe,
and George Jaques, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any
time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exer-
cise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland,
the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "AN IMPROVED MODE
OF AND APPARATUS FOR COOLING LIQUIDS," upon the condition (amongst others)
that we, the said James Archibald Jaques; John Americus Fanshawe, and
George Jaques, by an instrument in writing under our hands and seals, or
under the hand and seal of one of us, should particularly describe and ascer
tain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to
be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office
within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said
Letters Patent.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, 'that I, the said John Americus Fanshawe, on behalf
of myself and of the said James Archibald Jaques and George Jaques, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement, reference being had to the Drawing hereunto
annexed, and to the letters and figures marked thereon (that is to say):-
Our Invention of an improved mode of and apparatus for cooling liquids is
intended to be used more particularly for cooling worts in brewing, but may
also be employed for reducing the temperature of liquids in distilling, and
various other manufacturing operations. The Invention consists in bringing
the hot liquid into a divided state, or reducing it to the form of spray, and
when in such a state submitting it to the action of the air, so that each
particle, globule, or drop of liquid being surrounded by air, the caloric may be
quickly abstracted from the liquid, which will fall down in a cool state. Any
arrangement of apparatus whereby the hot liquor can be thrown up in the
form of spray, or in a finely divided state, may be employed for the purposes
of our Invention, but the apparatus which we prefer to use consists principally
of a fan, blower, or other contrivance, whereby air under pressure may be
forced through a film or body of the liquid to .be cooled, and in so doing will
divide the liquid and will then carry the divided liquid up or along a tube or
shaft. In passing through this liquid the air divides the latter, and as it
escapes and passes up or along the vertical or other channel, tube, or shaft, the
liquid is carried forward in the form of drops or spray. The blast of air and
spray is carried into the upcast shaft, and the liquid on reaching the top
strikes against the curved end of the upcast shaft, or against an inclined cover
placed there for the purpose, and is directed into a large downward channel
provided with a series of inclined dripping boards, on to which the liquid falls
in succession until it arrives at the bottom of the shaft, where there is an
exit aperture and pipe, whereby the cooled liquid is conveyed away to any
suitable receiver.
As a modification of the above the liquid may be forced through a per-
forated plato by means of a pump or by hydrostatic pressure. The liquid will
by its passage through this perforated plate become divided into, spray, and
the particles will in passing along the air passages be surrounded with air,
which will cool them. The cooled liquid, as in the former instance, may be
conducted into a downward shaft, from the bottom of which it may be con-
veyed away to any suitable receiver; or after being forced up as in a fountain
to any convenient height, it may be allowed to fall down through the air in
the same shaft.

page_text: ment of our improved cooling apparatus complete; Fig. 2 is a longitudinal
vertical section, and Fig. 3, a horizontal section, drawn upon an enlarged
scale, of the apparatus for bringing the hot liquid into contact with the air,
and by means of a blast forcing it up the upcast shaft. The liquid to be
cooled is supplied by a pipe a to an air and water tight box or vessel b, which
is provided, as seen at c (Fig. 2), with a glass tube or gauge to indicate the
level of the liquid in the box b. A strong blast of air, generated by a fan,
force pump, or other suitable contrivance, is supplied to the vessel b by the
pipe d. The supply of liquid to the box or vessel b is regulated by means of
a cock e (Fig. 1) on the pipe a. The open end of the pipe d is covered by a
grating ¹, which, as the liquid runs over the edges of the pipe d, subdivides
it. The end of the pipe d is inserted into a funnel-shaped chamber f* at the
lower end of the upcast shaft f. Upon supplying the hot liquid to the box or
vessel b, and allowing compressed air to rush through it from the pipe d, the
hot liquid will run over the upper edges and grating of the pipe d, and be
divided or separated in thin streams, and the divided liquid will by the passage
of the air through it be further divided into drops, and will by the draught be
carried up the upcast shaft f in this divided state, and every drop will therefore
be surrounded by air, which will abstract the caloric from it. The liquid
having been carried up to the top of the shaft will be delivered from the open
trumpet mouth f (Fig. 1) into the downcast shaft g, and will fall down on to
the uppermost of the inclined boards h, h, from which it will drop on to the
next below, and so on in a serpentine or zig-zag direction until it reaches the
bottom of the downward shaft g, which is made of considerably greater capacity
than the upcast shaft f. At the bottom of the shaft there is an opening (which
if desired may be provided with a stop-cock), and through which the cooled
liquid may be run off from the apparatus into a suitable or convenient recep-
tacle. This exit aperture may be covered with wire gauze and flannel, and
will then act as a filter or strainer. We would also observe that if desired
the liquor to be cooled may be filtered or strained through flannel before being
allowed to enter the apparatus. In order to allow the compressed air to
escape from the shaft g, openings i, i, are made at the top, and a horizontal
perforated plate j, covered with flannel or other porous material, is adapted to
the upper part of the shaft to stop the egress of the liquid in that direction,
but will yet allow the air to pass through to the exit apertures i, i; louvres
k, k, k, k (Fig. 1), are also adapted to the lower part of the shaft g beneath
the inclined cards h, to allow the air to pass out if desired; the openings are,
however, covered with flannel or other porous material which will allow the

page_text: air to pass through, but will arrest the liquid or watery particles. These
louvres are worked by levers connected together by long vertical rods 1, 7, and
may be actuated simultaneously by means of the hand levers m below. These
louvres, or some of them, may be kept shut, and only opened when occasion
may require.
Fig. 4 is a sectional diagram representing a modification of the above described
apparatus. The liquid to be cooled is supplied through the pipe a, which is
provided with a rose head or other analogous contrivance for dividing the
liquid on its exit from the pipe into spray. A blast of cold air is supplied. to
the apparatus from a fan or blowing machine through the pipe d, the open
end of which surrounds the nose of the pipe a.
The effect of this arrange-
ment will be that as the liquid in a finely divided state issues from the rose
head of the pipe a, it will be carried up the shaft g by the strong blast of air
that issues from the annular opening of the air pipe d. The liquid and air
may either be conducted together into a downcast shaft, as in the former
instance, or when it has been carried up to a sufficient height in the upcast
shaft, it may be allowed to fall down the same on to inclined boards arranged
one under the other in zig-zag as in the Figure. The hot liquid may also be
beaten into drops or spray by means of rotary beaters, and the drops thus
formed may be carried up a shaft by means of a blast or current of air as in
the other instances.
We would observe that although our Invention is principally intended for
the purpose of reducing the temperature of hot liquids, such as worts in
brewing operations, it will be obvious that if required warm air 'may be
supplied by the pipe d, so that in winter the temperature of a cold liquid may
be raised if desired. The air that is to be blown through the apparatus may
in summer be made to pass through an ice chamber, so as to reduce its tem-
perature below that of the surrounding atmosphere.
Having now described our Invention of an improved mode of and apparatus
for cooling liquids, and having explained the manner of carrying the same
into effect, we hereby declare that we do not claim as of our Invention or the
exclusive use of the dividing a liquid into spray or drops by means of a current
of air, except for the purpose of being cooled, as herein-before described; but
what we claim as the Invention intended to be secured to us by the said
Letters Patent is, cooling liquids by reducing or bringing the same into a
divided state or into the form of drops or spray, and forcing the hot liquid
(when in such divided state) through the air, so that the superabundance of
caloric may be more effectually abstracted therefrom, and the liquid brought
to the desired temperature.

page_text: In witness whereof, I, the said John Americus Fanshawe, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Twenty-eighth day of May, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-one.
JOHN A. FANSHAWE. (L.S.)