matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF DINING AND DRAWING-ROOM CHAIRS OF MAHOGANY, OAK, WALNUT, AND OTHER WOODS
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Reilly at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 1st February 1877
JAMES REILLY, of the New Globe Mahogany Chan Works, Manchester, in the
County of Lancaster "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF DINING AND
DRAWING-ROOM CHAIRS OF MAHOGANY, OAK, WALNUT, AND OTHER WOODS"
This Invention relates especially to the back parts of the chans, and consists in
improved methods or arrangements for enabling the backs to be shaped and finished
by wood cutting, carving, moulding, and finishing tools or machines worked by
power, and also to shape the several joints or joinings in accordance with the grain
of the wood of the opposite parts, so that the greatest possible strength may be
obtained with extreme economy in the time and labour requned for the manu-
facture
In some cases I make the backs, tops, and splaths or banisters flat or straight on
the side view, and shaped to any pattern or design on the front, or I make the
backs and splaths or banisters flat or straight on the side view and the tops curved,
but in all cases I take especial care that the several joinings or Joints shall be inade
at such angles as to enable the grain of the opposite parts of the wood to be as
nearly parallel with each other as possible, or in such relation to each other as to
obtain the greatest possible strength when the parts are dowelled and glued
together
The angular joints of the chairs are either straight, corrugated, or single or double
tongued, and although the backs of the chairs may be fastened to the fronts in any
desued manner, I prefer them to be fixed by sciews or bolts in the manner
described in the Specification of one of my former Inventions, the date of which is
10 February 1871, and Number 403
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR OPERATING WITH BAND SAWS
Year: 1877

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Christian Kaltwasser, of No. 34, Huntingdon Street,
Calodonian Road, in the County of Middlesex, Manufacturer, for the Invention
of "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR OPERATING WITH BAND SAWS."
ALL
1017
T
ARK
Sealed the 4th December 1877, and dated the 18th June 1877.
PROVISIONAL. SPECIFICATION left by the said Christian Kaltwasser at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 13th June 1877.
CHRISTIAN KALTWASSER, of No. 34, Huntingdon Street, Caledonian Road, in
the County of Middlesex, Manufacturer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR
OPERATING WITH BAND SAWS."
The object of the Invention is to afford increased facilities in the use of band
saws, particularly in cutting series of parallel or other lines to considerable depth
and length of cut, as in the cutting of keyboards for pianoforte keys. For this
purpose the band saw is supported and controlled in its movement by three rollers
or wheels, one of which rollers is of larger diameter than the others, and is that by
which the motive power is applied to the band saw for effecting the cutting desired;
the other two rollers or wheels act rather as guide wheels, and are supported at a
distance from the larger wheel or roller, dependent upon the extent of the work
ordinarily to be cut, and the two smaller wheels or guide rollers are held so that
the work to be cut as moved on the table is cut by the saw band in its motion
between these smaller guide wheels, and these guide wheels or rollers are held near
to each other to afford increased stability to the portion of band saw for the time
operating on the work.
The axis of one or of each of these smaller guide wheels or rollers, as well as the
axis of the larger or driving wheel or roller, is adjustable to the length of band
employed, or to the character of work under operation.

page_text: The upper of these guide rollers is applied to an arm, so that the work may be
moved freely between them to be cut.
The larger or driving wheel is carried by a separate pivot applied to the adjusting
means, and it is provided with a separate drum or pulley which is driven by band
from another pulley on or connected with the driving axis.
IMPROVEMENTS IN AXLE PULLIES AND FRAME PULLIES FOR WINDOW SASHES AND OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Denham Whitehouse at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 2411 December 1877.
DENHAM WHITEHOUSE, of Wolverhampton, in the County of Stafford, Hardware
Manufacturer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN AXLE PULLIES AND FRAME PULLIES FOR
WINDOW SASHES AND OTHER PURPOSES."
This Invention relates to wrought-iron axle pullies and frame pullies. Both the
cheeks of the axle pulley are pressed out of one piece of metal. The holes for the
axle are formed in the said piece of metal, which is bent round against the pulley
(allowing sufficient play), and is then riveted to the front plate by rivets which are
pressed out solid with the said piece of metal. The bend in the metal forms either
an end or a back to the cheeks; in the former of which cases the other end may be
left open, and in the latter both ends may be left open.
The frame pulley is made of wrought iron, the cheeks being pressed out of the
same piece of metal with the front plate. The metal forming each cheek is bent
flat against the back of the front plate for a distance to give the necessary overlap
of the front plate, and the remainder is then bent back at right angles to the front
plate. The metal bent flat against the front plate may extend the whole length of
the front plate to give additional strength thereto.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MEANS OR APPARATUS FOR LOCKING OR RETAINING FROM TURNING THE NUTS OF THE BINDING SCREWS OR BOLTS USED IN CONNECTING THE PARTS OF RAILWAY RAILS, AND THE NUTS OF SCREWS AND BOLTS USED FOR OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Deacon Curzon at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 2nd October 1877.
WILLIAM DEACON CURZON, of No. 3, Warwick Court, Holborn, in the County of
Middlesex, Accountant. "IMPROVEMENTS IN MEANS OR APPARATUS FOR LOCKING
OR RETAINING FROM TURNING THE NUTS OF THE BINDING SCREWS OR BOLTS USED
IN CONNECTING THE PARTS OF RAILWAY RAILS, AND THE NUTS OF SCREWS AND
BOLTS USED FOR OTHER PURPOSES."
Considerable difficulty is experienced on railways by the nuts of the binding
screws or bolts becoming loose, thereby loosening the parts of the rails and causing
danger, so that persons have to be constantly employed to watch and tighten such
nuts. The object of the Invention is to remedy or reduce this evil by the appli-
cation of holding means to such nuts to lock or retain such nuts from turning when
they have been screwed up, and yet to admit of ready removal and replacement for
retightening or re-adjustment. For this purpose I employ two plates, one of which
I generally form of steel or otherwise, so that it may be somewhat elastic.
When the object is simultaneously to retain in position or lock two nuts, the
other plate in length corresponds with the space between the two nuts to be held,
and the ends of it are formed to the form of the nuts to be held so as to abut
against them, and by such abutment to prevent the turning of either. One screw
or bolt may pass through one end of the elastic plate whilst the other end passes
through an opening formed for it in the second or abutment plate near the second
nut to be held.
When only one nut is to be held by the apparatus, then the one end of the abut-
ment plate, and also of the elastic plate, will be held by or rest against some pro-
jection, or part, or other oject, as one abutment.
The elastic plate, by its outer end passing through the abutment plate to bear on
the outside of that abutment plate, holds the parts securely together, yet the
pressure of the end of the elastic plate is such as to admit of the raising of the
abutment plate for the relief of the nut or nuts when required, and its ready adjust-
ment, as desired.

page_text: The form of the abutment ends, and parts of the abutment plate and of the
elastic plate, may be varied, and may be adapted, when desired, to peculiarities of
form or position of the nut or nuts to be held by cold chisseling or otherwise. The
form also of the elastic, as well as of the abutment plate, will be variable to the
object on which the nuts to be held are applied.
IMPROVEMENTS IN WRAPPERS FOR NEWSPAPERS AND BOOK POST PARCELS AND THE LIKE
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Schofield at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 5th March 1877.
WILLIAM SCHOFIELD, of 130, Larkhall Lane, Clapham, in the County of Surrey.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN WRAPPERS FOR NEWSPAPERS AND BOOK POST PARCELS AND
THE LIKE."
In order to prevent the paper wrappers for newspapers and other parcels, such as
those that are sent by book post, froin slipping off in transit such wrappers have
been provided with tongues or slits projecting from their sides, which tongues when
the wrapper is placed on the newspaper are bent over and inserted into the folds of
the latter at the open ends. The tongues so formed have the disadvantages that
they are liable to get torn off easily in handling the wrappers before applying them,
and that a considerable quantity of paper is wasted in their manufacture, as the
sheet of paper out of which they are made requires to be of the width intended for
the wrapper plus that of the tongues on either side.
According to my present Invention I obviate both these disadvantages by cutting
or stamping the said tongue or tongues out of the body of the wrapper itself, that is
to say, I take a sheet of paper of the width intended for the wrapper, and in a
direction from near the side edges thereof towards the middle of its width I make
incisions of an angular or other suitable form, whereby an angular or other shaped
portion is partially separated from the sheet, remaining attached thereto in a line
parallel with the said edges, so that when required for use such liberated parts or
tongues can be turned up and folded over, so as to project beyond the edges of the
wrapper in a manner similar to those now in use, in order to be inserted into the
newspaper or other parcel, as before described.
Until they are used the said tongues lie flat in the holes of the paper from which
they are cut, and consequently they are not so liable to be torn off as those pro-
jecting from the sides of the paper before mentioned. The said tongues being cut
in that part of the wrapper which forms the inside end when applied, the holes formed
thereby do not interfere with the appearance of the wrapper when folded.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SHUTTERS FOR THE PROTECTION OF SHOP AND OTHER PROPERTY, AND APPARATUS CONNECTED THERE- WITH
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Henry Downham and'James
Shaw Downham at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 31st
January 1877.
GEORGE HENRY DOWNHAM, of Battersea, and JAMES SHAW DOWNHAM, of
Wimbledon, in the County of Surrey "IMPROVEMENTS IN SHUTTERS FOR THE
PROTECTION OF SHOP AND OTHER PROPERTY, AND APPARATUS CONNECTED THERE-
WITH
13
This Invention relates to the construction, application, and use of what we term
"Pneumatic Safety Shutters" in connection or combination with suitable appliances or
apparatus to be employed for the protection of the windows, doors, or other openings
of jewellers' and other shops, of warehouses or other buildings or premises, and of
safes or other receptaclos for valuables, and the detection of any forcible or other
entry or breaking through or into the same
Our pneumatic safety shutter is intended to be made of metal or of india-rubber
cloth, or of the two combined, or it may be made of wood and india-rubber cloth
combined, or of any other suitable air-tight material or materials
It is made of
such form, dimensions, and strength as may be required for the place it is intended
to fit, and before or when placed in position, which will be as a kind of internal
shutter between the window or door or other opening or place and the usual
shutter it is filled with condensed air, or the air may be exhausted or partly
exhausted by any convenient or suitable known means.
In connection or in combination with this shutter suitable alarums or indicators
will be placed at any desired place or places, either inside or outside the shop or
other building, which will give an alarm the moment the pneumatic shutter is
penetrated or broken through, and in order to indicate the safety or otherwise of
the premises at night time, the alarum or indicator placed in direct connection with
pneumatic shutter may be caused to act upon a signal lamp placed inside or outside
the building, so as to show a red or other colored light when the shutter has been
penetrated or broken through, the lamp originally showing a white light when all
18 safe.

page_text: It will be evident that this Invention can also be applied, by suitably modifying
the construction and form of the shutter, for the protection of skylights or fan or
other lights in any shop, warehouse, or buiding, and it may also be applied and
used for the protection of safes and other receptacles inside buildings, or, by a
further modification, the windows, doors, skylights, or other openings, or the safes!
or other receptacles may be safely secured or enclosed by placing before or sur-
rounding them with another form of pneumatic shutter made of a series of hollow
tubes or pipes containing compressed air, or having the air partly exhausted
therefrom, the same being also connected with alarums or indicators of any known
suitable make.
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IMPROVE- MENTS IN APPARATUS FOR SUPPLYING FUEL TO STEAM BOILER AND OTHER FUR- NACES
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Smith at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 17th April 1877.
CHARLES SMITH, of Burnley, in the County of Lancaster, Mechanic. " IMPROVE-
MENTS IN APPARATUS FOR SUPPLYING FUEL TO STEAM BOILER AND OTHER FUR-
NACES."
This Invention relates to the class of furnaces in connection with which " me-
chanical stokers are used, and the object of this Invention is,
"
Firstly. By the use of improved apparatus herein-after described to afford a
uniform intermittent supply of fuel to the stoker or to the furnace from the feed
hopper.
Secondly. To an improved construction and arrangement of apparatus for dis-
tributing the fuel. According to this my Invention I employ a hopper (or hoppers),
the bottom of lower part of which is in communication with a cylinder, the under
side of which is provided with an opening for the exit of fuel.
Within the cylinder is a roller caused to rotate slowly by gear wheels or other
driving apparatus. The periphery of the roller is (at intervals apart) recessed,
forming receptacles within which coal (as the receptacle comes under the hopper) is
received; the continued rotation brings the receptacle over the exit opening (through
the cylinder) by way of which the fuel passes out to the furnace or to the mechanical
stoker, and so as each recess passes under the hopper it becomes filled with fuel to
be discharged on reaching the exit opening. When two fluid boiler or double
furnace is to be supplied there may be one of such apparatus to each furnace or
stoker, or one apparatus may supply both furnaces or stokers; in the latter case
there will be a double incline placed immediately under the exit opening so that
part of the fuel may pass down the incline to the right hand, and part down the
incline to the left hand; or the receptacles may extend a portion of the length of
the roller, and the receptacles on the right hand supply the furnace or stoker on the
right, the receptacles to the left supplying the left of the furnace or stoker. The
receptacles may be of various forms so as to vary the discharge from any other
receptacle.
It will be obvious that the roller, instead of being entirely enclosed within a
cylinder, would answer the same purpose if partly enclosed or embraced by a
concave neck or concave bottom of the hopper.

page_text: In connection with the improved feed roller above described I employ for double
fluid boilers two "fuel fans" or rotary distributors, partly enclosed in boxes, and
a varying speed or rotation is imparted to the fans by means of an eleptical or
eccentric rim gear wheel, or a short pinion (flanged) may engago with the eccentric
gear and slide upon the fan shaft, an elongated key and key bed being provided so
as to admit of lateral traverse of the pinion, or an eliptic spur gear wheel upon
the fan shaft may be driven by a like wheel upon the main driving shaft.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR CONDENSING THE STEAM OF STEAM ENGINES
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Eli Sudlow at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 19th May 1877.
WILLIAM ELI SUDLOW, of Heaton Norris, in the County of Lancaster, Engineer.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR CONDENSING THE STEAM OF STEAM ENGINES."
My Invention relates to employing an apparatus for condensing the exhaust steam
of steam engines by means of a fall of water which is made to come through a series
of lipped flanges forming sprays of water which come in contact with the steam,
condensing it, doing away with the air and water pump heretofore employed. For
this purpose, I fit in any convenient position a cistern, in which I fix a pipe, leaving
a space between the bottom of the cistern and the end of the pipe; on this pipe is
fitted a series of other pipes to a height of thirty or thirty-two feet to obtain the
head of the water equal to atmospheric pressure; on the top of the pipes, which are
the condensed water pipes, I fix a vessel or condenser, having in the interior a series
of bevil flanges, equal in number to a series of lipped openings, through which
passes the cold water, forming sprays of water which strike on the bevil flanges.
On the top of the condenser is fitted or formed a branch pipe to which are fitted
the exhaust steam pipes, and over the branch pipe is formed a flange, on which is
fitted the flange of a cold water pipe closing the top of the condenser; the cold
water pipe enters the condenser, and the bottom end of the pipe is made with a
rounded flange and with three ribs and bosses; on the bottom ends of these bosses
are fitted other bosses formed on a short pipe having two rounded flanges; a series
of these short pipes is employed, forming sectional pipes, and a series of lipped
openings; through the bosses are fitted copper bolts for expansion and contraction,
giving more or less force of sprays, according to the heat in the condenser; the
bottom sectional pipe is fitted with a cover over which are screwed the nuts securing
the sectional pipes together; the lipped flanges of the pipes are a little less in height
than the height of the bosses, leaving small openings forming the lips through which
the cold water passes.
I also construct the sectional pipes with centre bosses having ribs to secure the
bosses to the pipes; through the bosses is passed a bolt securing the pipes together.
Steam coming through the exhaust steam pipes (which are fitted in any suitable

page_text: position) arrives through the branch steam pipe in the condenser coming in contact
with the sprays of water coming through the lipped openings, and striking on the
bevil flanges, is condensed, and the condensed water falls through the condensed
water pipes in the bottom cistern, to which is fitted. a discharge pipe or pipes,
carrying away the condensed water for any required purpose.
I may use for the cold water the town pressure water, or I may employ a small
pump to pump up the cold water.
By these means I dispense with the air and water pump usually fitted to con-
densers.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN CORNICES
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Edmondson Pratt and Charles
Zoncada at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 4th July 1877.
JAMES EDMONDSON PRATT, of Clifton Lodge, Flodden Road, Camberwell, in the
County of Surrey, and CHARLES ZONCADA, of Blackfriars Road, in the same County.
"AN IMPROVEMENT IN CORNICES."
The decorative cornices used for the windows of apartments, in theatres, and the
interior of buildings, are generally gilt, but this gilding being upon the face of the
cornice and exposed to the effect of gas, and to contact with the constantly varying
atmosphere of the apartments, soon becomes tarnished. We propose to manufacture
cornices the gilding of which shall not be subject to this rapid deterioration, shall
at the same time be much more durable, and if accidentally injured be more readily
repaired.
We propose to make our cornices of a foundation or body of wood, metal, or other
suitable material, upon which we screw or otherwise secure plates of glass of any
form and dimensions which may be desired, these plates of glass being cut or other-
wise ornamented upon the face or back, and gilt upon the back, which is covered
with an enamel, paint, or other coating of protective inaterial to preserve the gilding
from contact with and injury from the body upon which the plates are secured.
It will be evident that these cornices can always be kept brilliant by simply
keeping the exposed face of the glass clean, and that should a plate be accidentally
broken the new plate used to replace it will form no contrast to the old plates, the
gilding of which will always be preserved fresh.
CERTAIN IMPROVMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF UMBRELLAS OR OTHER SIMILAR ARTICLES."
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Simon Simmons at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 11th August 1877.
SIMON SIMMONS, of 180, Bishopsgate Street, in the City of London. " CERTAIN
IMPROVMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF UMBRELLAS OR OTHER SIMILAR ARTICLES."
runner
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The object of this present Invention is a further development of the "
employed in the manufacture of umbrellas, for which a Patent was granted to me
on the 6th day of November, 1876, No. 4284, and is designed as a further
improvement upon the construction of "runner" described in the Specification of
such Patent.
It has been found that the combination and construction of the parts composing
the runner of my Patent of 1876 did not in practice work with that ease and
facility which I anticipated, and though the essential features of the old Invention
are still retained in the present improvements, videlicet, the annular space and
spring ring encircling the stick, yet the manner of constructing and putting together
of the several parts composing the whole being different to that previously described
in the Specification of my Patent herein referred to, I have thought it advisable
to file a new Specification which shall embody the further improvements which may
be described as follows:-The cylindrical tube forming the internal portion of the
runner, the upper end of which forms the wheel to which the stretchers are hinged,
slides upon the stick, and is sufficiently long to have mounted upon it a sliding cap-
piece which forms the annular space containing the spring and catch ring referred
to in the Specification of my previously recited Patent, so that according to my
present Invention, instead of the cap sliding in and out of the annular space when
retaining or releasing the tips of the frame, the whole of the annular space and cap
containing the spring and ring slide bodily on the cylindrical tube forming the
internal portion of the runner, the said tube having a slot cut in it sufficient to
clear the spring ring in its movement up and down when the tip cap is sliding into
position to retain or release the tip of the frame.

page_text: The notch or groove formed in the stick, and into which the spring ring catches
when the umbrella is open, is made a depth sufficient to receive the ring when forced
therein by the internal spring contained in the annular space, the withdrawal or
release from such notch being obtained by a depression of the button communi-
cating with the spring in manner similar to that already described in the herein-
before recited Letters Patent.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN WATER TAPS
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Sutcliffe and Wright Sutcliffe
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 23rd August 1877.
HENRY SUTCLIFFE and WRIGHT SUTCLIFFE, of the Firm of Wright Sutcliffe and
Son, of Halifax, in the County of York, Brass Founders and Finishers. "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN WATER TAPS."
This Invention has for its object improved apparatus to be used in conjunction
with improved construction of water tap whereby the latter may be repaired when
under pressure, that is to say, without turning off the water at the "main."
Heretofore the apparatus employed for intercepting the flow or passage of water
during the repair of a water tap consisted of a metallic valve, and valve spindle, a
valve seat being formed in the under side of the seating of the ordinary valve; this
construction and apparatus is however very uncertain in practice, as the action of
the valve cannot be depended upon.
According to one construction of improved tap we construct the latter with an
enlarged cavity under the valve, within which cavity is an india-rubber ball forced
through the hole in the valve seat; the ball is held clear of its seating by a cavity
at the end of the under spindle of the valve until for purpose of rewashering or
repairing the tap its valve is removed, whereon the pressure of water forces the
elastic ball upwards and upon its seating closing the water passage way.
According to a second construction we connect to the under side of the tap (by
thread or screwing) a tube or receptacle for a short cylinder of india-rubber, gutta
percha, or other (by preference) buoyant and elastic substance; the tube and
cylinder are directly under the passage way of water from service pipe to exit way at
mouth of the tap. The valve of the tap is provided at its under side with a short
spindle which serves at all times (save when hp is under repair) to prevent the
cylinder being by pressure of water forced upwards and closing the passage way,
that is to say, whether the tap be open (in use) or shut (not in use) the spindle and
cylinder are in contact. When, however, for purpose of "rewashering" or repairing
the tap, its stuffing box and the valve are removed, there being no longer any
obstruction to the further movement of the cylinder, the latter is by the pressure
of water forced upon and against the water passage way, a seat being provided for

page_text: the head of the cylinder, which at once closes and seals the waterway, until
replacement of valve and stuffing box, whereon spindle of valve forces and holds
the cylinder clear of passage way until valve again for any purpose removed.
As a modification of this Invention an elastic ring or elastic seating.may be
employed for purpose aforesaid in conjunction with a screw cap and glass, or
other non-elastic ball or cylinder, the under spindle of the valve holding the glass
or non-elastic ball or cylinder clear of its seating until for repairs the stuffing box
and valve are removed, as described.
IMPROVEMENTS IN AND APPERTAINING TO LOCKING OR SECURING NUTS FOR SCREW BOLTS
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Hugo Worthington at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 15th January 1877.
"IMPROVEMENTS
IN AND APPERTAINING TO LOCKING OR SECURING NUTS FOR SCREW BOLTS."
This Invention relates to a novel method of locking or securing the nuts of screw
bolts, and consists in turning down or reducing the diameter of the end of the
screw bolt so as to form two diameters of different dimensions on the bolt, the main
or inner portion of the bolt being the larger diameter, and the outer portion or end
of the bolt being the smaller and what I will term the locking diameter. The
diameters are screwed with, by preference, right and left hand screws, the larger
diameter or main portion of the bolt having, say, the right-hand screw and the
smaller diameter or locking portion of the bolt having the left-hand screw.
HUGO WORTHINGTON, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster.
The diameters may have the screws of different pitch turned thereon, or screws
of the same pitch, or the diameters may have a right-hand screw or a left-hand
screw turned on both, of the same pitch or of different pitches; in all cases however
it is advisable that the locking diameter should bear the screw thread of the finest
pitch.
The nuts used in my Invention consist of a main nut to screw on the main bolt
or larger diameter, and a locking nut to screw on the smaller or locking
diameter.
The locking of the nuts of screw bolts, according to my Invention, is effected by
screwing the main nut (which can be passed easily over the locking diameter of the
bolt) on the larger diameter of the bolt, so that the outer portion of the nut projects
slightly over the line of contact of the two diameters. The locking nut is then
screwed on the smaller diameter until it jams up against the projecting face of the
main nut, thereby locking the main nut.
My Invention is applicable to locking the nuts of all descriptions of screw bolts
or studs.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ZINC PIPES
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Kirkwood at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 19th October 1877.
WILLIAM KIRKWOOD, of Leith, in the County of Mid Lothian, North Britain.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ZINC PIPES."
This Invention, which relates to the manufacture of zinc pipes, has for its objects
to effect the rolling, drawing, and soldering of the pipes in a continuously successive
manner, and also to enable such pipes to be manufactured sufficiently small in
diameter as to render them suitable for various purposes to which, under the system
hitherto employed, they are not applicable by reason of the difficulties attendant on
the soldering of the joints.
Further, under this Invention, the pipes may be made in greater lengths.
The zinc, which may be either in the form of sheets or spelter, is passed through
a rolling mill and squeezed to a flat bar, whose length and thickness are determined
by the dimensions of the pipe required.
The aperture in the rolls through which the zinc passes is so formed that the
sides or edges of the bar or strip become bevelled or chamferred, being thinnest at
the extreme edges.
The rolled strip or bar is made to pass from the rolls through a vessel containing
spirits of salt or other equivalent chemical liquid, whereby it is cleansed from
adhering dirt or other matters. It is then caused to pass through a second vessel
containing molten tin or solder, and receives a coating of this substance. Thereafter
it is drawn, while hot, through a die of the required dimensions, and a mandril
being inserted in the said die, the zinc bar or strip assumes the form of a pipe, and
the lateral bevilled edges are made to overlap each other, producing a firm joint,
which is securely closed by the aid of the intervening solder, which, as aforesaid, is
laid on the bar or strip.
In the end of the die from which the pipe issues, a stream of water is made
to circulate, which cools the pipe and further assists to tighten the joint.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Greenwood and William
Henry Hayhurst at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 4th
December 1877.
RICHARD GREENWOOD, of Blackburn, in the County of Lancaster, Cotton Manu-
facturer, and WILLIAM HENRY HAYHURST, of Blackburn, in the said County, Mill
Manager. "IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING."
In the weaving of certain classes of goods. mainly, cotton pieces, "headings" or
stripes are to be woven at or near each "cut" or interval of length of the piece
woven, and the practise heretofore was to mark the warp, and the weaver should
stop the loom at regular intervals and work the heading; in practise, however, the
lengths at which the headings were put in varied considerably.
This our Invention relates to improved mechanism for self-actingly stopping the
loom at the point where the heading is required.
We employ a tappet or tappets, by preference on the axis of the emery roller,
the tappets operate finger catches which engage with and prevent backlash of the
teeth of a slide rack. The tappet or tappets at each revolution move the slide rack,
the latter in turn operates a set piece, and certain levers connected with the weft
fork and the loom is stopped.
Set pieces of various lengths are employed so as to stop the loom where any given
length of cloth is woven, that the headings and "cuta" may be at any
predetermined distance apart.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR MALTING
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Bernoulli Barlow at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 20th June 1877.
HENRY BERNOULLI BARLOW, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Patent
Agent. "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR MALTING." A communication from
abroad by Jacques Armengaud, Senior (Père), of 45, Rue St. Sebastien, Paris,
France.
This improved apparatus consists of a drum made of perforated or plain sheet
metal; one end of the drum is closed and the other is open and in communication with
a pipe leading to the fresh air passage below; the drum is fixed to an axle and can
be turned partly round when required by wheel and pinion; the open end of the
drum is connected to a series of perforated pipes in the drum.
Above the drum is a cistern containing the grain to be converted into malt; this
cistern is provided with a perforated false bottom and with a lid; the fresh air from
the passage below is admitted when required by a pipe to the under side of the
false bottom; and the upper side of the cistern is in communication with the lower
chamber by a pipe passing through the cistern, from which other pipes descend to
convey the grain into the drum.
The mode of operation is as follows:-Sufficient grain to fill the drum about half
full is put to steep and germinate in the cistern as usual; air is then admitted under
the false bottom through the pipe from the fresh air passage, and afterwards air from
the lower chamber is admitted to the upper side of the cistern.
When the germination is sufficiently advanced the grain is allowed to descend
into the drum, where it is again acted upon by the air from the fresh air passage ; at
cortain intervals it is necessary to move the grain, and this is effected by turning
the drum partly round on its axis.
When the germination is complete and the malt ready to be discharged from the
drum, it is turned round until the feed openings are over a waggon into which it falls.
A NEW AND IMPROVED SPRING BACK FOR ACCOUNT Books.
Year: 1877

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to George Henry Cannon, of Albert Road, Romford, Essex,
for the Invention of "A NEW AND IMPROVED SPRING BACK FOR ACCOUNT
Books.".
Sealed the 15th September 1877, and dated the 8th June 1877.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said George Henry Cannon at
"A NEW AND
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 8th June 1877.
GEORGE HENRY CANNON, of Albert Road, Romford, Essex.
IMPROVED SPRING BACK FOR ACCOUNT BOOKS."
That by composing the back of the book with millboard, and by placing &
fastening between the millboard pieces of strong steel spring, curved to fit the shape
of the book and turned over at the ends, and by securing it to the covers with linen
& millboard. By these arrangements great support is obtained for the book, and it
will cause a book to open and close with great ease, and when open to lay perfectly
flat on the upper surface so as to enable persons to write with ease and comfort,
especially in the inner columns near to the contro, which are generally on a ridge,
and that when a book has been in use for any time this back will not relax its
spring or break down in the centre, as those made in the present style usually do.
IM- PROVEMENTS IN THE ECONOMISATION AND PRESERVATION OF THE HEAT AND ELASTIC FORCE OF STEAM IN THE CYLINDERS OF STEAM ENGINES, WHICH INVENTION IS APPLICABLE IN PART FOR BOILING OR HEATING LIQUIDS AND GASES.
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Nicholas Procter Burgh at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 24th November 1877.
NICHOLAS PROCTER BURGH, of No. 80, Cornhill, in the City of London, Con-
sulting Marine Engineer, President of the Institution of Marine Engineers. "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN THE ECONOMISATION AND PRESERVATION OF THE HEAT AND ELASTIC
FORCE OF STEAM IN THE CYLINDERS OF STEAM ENGINES, WHICH INVENTION IS
APPLICABLE IN PART FOR BOILING OR HEATING LIQUIDS AND GASES.".
The object of my Invention is mainly to preserve and increase the temperature
and elastic force of the steam in the cylinders of steam engines, by which means a
great economy in the working of the steam is effected, and also to produce the
same useful effect in various vessels used for heating purposes.
My Invention consists of a shroud or casing, which shroud or casing envelopes or
surrounds the steam cylinder. Into the space thus formed between the shroud or
casing and the cylinder, is led, or conveyed, or forced, the heated waste products
from the smoke box, flue, or chimney of the boiler, by which means the temperature
of the steam can be increased from its normal condition to any required degree.
The shroud or casing can be formed of wrought or cast iron, or of any other metal
or substance that may be found suitable for the purpose; in all cases requisite
such substance may be covered with non-conducting material. The casing or
shroud is affixed to the cylinder in such way that a space or spaces in communi-
cation with each other is or are formed between the said shroud or casing and the
body of the cylinder for the reception of the heated waste products from the smoke
box, flue, or chimney.
One of the means I adopt to convey, lead, or force the heated products into the
space or spaces thus formed is by the use of a sinall engine pump fitted with
metallic or other suitable valves, or I may use a centrifugal or other pump, worked
separately or by means of the main engine or other available power.
When the heated products are in the space or spaces, they are forced, led, drawn,
or extracted therefrom by the pump or pumps back into the smoke box, flue, or

page_text: chimney; or such heated products may be forced above or under the fire-grate of
the boiler to promote combustion, and the surrounding atmosphere may or may not
be excluded.
When my Invention is applied for heating liquids or gases, the heated products
are forced, pumped, or drawn in from the smoke box, flue, or chimney into the
space or spaces formed by the shroud or casing surrounding the heating vessel.
THE ADAPTATION OF BARGES OR OTHER VESSELS FOR THE CARRYING OF SEA WATER OR OTHER FLUIDS IN BULK AS CARGO OR BALLAST
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Leonard Buttress Trimen and George
Ritchie at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 31st July
1877.
LEONARD BUTTRESS TRIMEN, of Hastings, in the County of Sussex, and GEORGE
RITCHIE, of Hounslow, in the County of Middlesex. "THE ADAPTATION OF BARGES
OR OTHER VESSELS FOR THE CARRYING OF SEA WATER OR OTHER FLUIDS IN BULK
AS CARGO OR BALLAST."
The framework of the vessel may be braced with thwart beams or wrought-iron
knees, and stout longitudinal plate beams, or false inwales bolted to false outwales,
and secured to the thwart beams with such other appliances as are necessary to
resist the thrust or pressure from within.
Additional thwart beams besides those at the deck level may cross the vessel at
the height of the longitudinal plate beams, to which may be secured an under and
water-tight deck, the space beneath this deck forming the tank for the fluid, and
the space above, in vessels intended to carry fluid cargo, between this deck and the
true or upper deck, being intended to be vacant as a water-tight air chamber;
in which, moreover, the height of the under deck will be so adjusted in relation to the
size and displacement of the vessel as to render it impossible, when the hold or tank is
filled, for the vessel to be overweighted or improperly submerged.
When the fluid is carried only as ballast, the false or under deck, with the thwart
and longitudinal beams, may be placed at such a height as to enclose beneath it the
requisite space for ballast when completely filled with water, and will form the floor
to the hold of the vessel.
In vessels intended to carry fluid as their cargo and return empty in ballast,
there may be two separate tanks communicating by valves; the lower tank to be
used for water ballast, and both the upper and the lower tanks for cargo, the lower
one being pumped clear or otherwise discharged while the upper is filling, and when
it (the lower one) is empty, the communicating valves being opened, the lower one
may be filled from the upper one.
The tank or fluid hold may be lined throughout with metal lining or rebated
rising or planking, jointed in tar, pitch, and hair, or other cement, and may be so
constructed as to fill to the top, so that the fluid may be held within in solid mass
or complete bulk.

page_text: between
The vessels may be constructed of wood or iron; if of wood, the spaces
the framework may be ventilated from above and cleared of leakage by pumping.
For purposes of water ballasting, and in such other cases as may be requisite,
valves may be fitted in the bottom or sides of the vessels for the admission of water
to fill the tanks.
The vessels may be adapted for propulsion by steam, sails, or by oars and tide, or
may be drawn by tug boats or horses."
The fluid may be ventilated where requisite by means of pumping, or by com-
pression of air into its substance.
A tube or space for ebulition may be constructed in the under deck conducting to
the air above.
FASTENINGS FOR GLOVES
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Achille Fontaine at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 2nd February 1877.
ACHILLE FONTAINE, of Pais (France), Manufacturer
FASTENINGS FOR GLOVES"
"AN IMPROVEMENT IN
My Invention has for its object to render the operation of fastening gloves when
fitted on more easy of accomplishment than by means of the arrangement of
buttons and button holes now employed, and at the same time to make the glove
capable of fitting wists on arms of various sizes without over straining, which is of
particular advantage with the long gauntlet gloves now woin
For this purpose I
fix on both sides of the shit of the glove metal hooks, which may be sewn, rivetted,
or otherwise fastened on, but by preference I employ hooks similar to those now
used in some descriptions of lace boots, namely, with an eyelet on the shank which
18 11vetted into a corresponding hole formed in the leather, and I strengthen the
latter by means of a strip of fabric placed in the inside surface where the rivet holes
are situated, the 11vet being secured both to the leather and to the fabric To the
uppermost hook is secured the one end of a strong thin cord, which for the purpose
of fastening the glove is passed in a zig-zag direction over the hooks on either
side of the shit The free end of the cold has a stud or stop fixed on it in such a
position that when it has been passed over the hook, as described, the stud will
just fit against the lowest hook, which may be formed with a notch into which the
stud fits, and thus the cord will be held securely without tying, or, if desired, it
may be of sufficient length to be passed over the hooks a second time and be
secured to the uppermost one.
A NEW OR IMPROVED SELF-ACTING CARRIAGE BREAK
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henri Adrien Bonneville at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 30th August 1877. Commu-
nicated by Eugène Gabriel Lefaucheux, a person resident at 32, Rue Notre
Dame des Victoires, Paris, France.
HENRI ADRIEN BONNEVILLE, of the British and Foreign Patent Offices, 18, Rue
de la Chaussée d'Antin, Paris, France, and 6, Piccadilly, in the County of Mid-
dlesex, Patent Agent. "A NEW OR IMPROVED SELF-ACTING CARRIAGE BREAK."
Communicated by Eugène Gabriel Lefaucheux, of 32, Rue Notre Dame des Victoires,
Paris, France, aforesaid.
The Invention relates to a new or improved break acting automatically when
the horse or horses in backing act either on the breeching or the small chains con-
nected with the collar or collars, according to the arrangement of the harness, and
without the intervention of the driver.
The Invention consists of a moveable rod adapted to the pole longitudinally for
a one-horse carriage, and of two moveable rods adapted along the bandles for
two-horse carriages, the said rods acting through the medium of levers, cams,
excentrics, gearings, or other similar devices, according to the different applications,
on the breaks or blocks which will be applied to the wheels either before or behind,
and will stop or lessen the rotation of the latter. One or more antagonist springs,
suitably arranged, will remove the blocks or breaks from the wheels as soon as the
backing action has ceased.
PROVEMENTS IN TRAMWAY CARS
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Penett at the Office of tho
Commissioners of Patents on the 7th February 1877
EDWARD PERRETT, of 23, Abingdon Street, Westminster, Civil Engineer
PROVEMENTS IN TRAMWAY CARS "
This Invention has for its object improvements in trainway cas
*IM-
In the Specification of a former Patent granted to me, No 3839, in the year 1874,
there is described a tramway car, the body of which is called on eight whcols;
there is a fixed wheel base consisting of two pans of wheels and axles sot at a small
distance apart towards the centre of the cat, and the ends of the car are each
supported by a pan of wheels and an axle on a frame pivotted at a point between
the axle and the middle of the cai
In my former Specification I described means of connecting and disconnecting,
and also of steering the leading and the trailing wheels simultaneously, and
from either end of the cu, this I find to be a needless complication, and now I
provide no means of connecting the frames of the leading and trailing wheels
I provide steering gear at each end of the cai as before, but steer only with the
leading wheels for the time being
Further, I have found that after the leading wheels have entered upon a cuive it
18 necessary to resist their following around it too fieely, other wise the wheels of
the fixed wheel base may not be diverted from the main line I now arrange the
steering gear in such manner that by means of it, and without any undue undue
exertion on the part of the steersman considerable resistance can be opposed to the
motion of the pivotting frame about its centie, one way of doing this is to form a
curved lack on the front of the pivotting fiame, and to arrange a pinion to gear with
it. On the axis of this pinion, which is vertical, is the stecing wheel, and I also
provide a treddle break, by which the axis of the steering wheel can be held at
pleasure, so that it can only turn with difficulty By turning the steering wheel on
approaching the points where two 1oads diverge the flanges of the wheels are made
to take the road desired, and immediately they have done so, the tieddle is used to
ensure the following wheels taking the same track, or without the treddle, the
turning of the steering wheel may be resisted by means of a break, stiap, or even
by hand
In some cases I employ hydraulic cylinders to check the motion of the pivotting
hame, as soon as the leading axle cominences to deviate from a position parallel to

page_text: the other axles, and I arrange that this resistance may be taken off when it is not
required for the purpose explained
The cylinder is attached to the body of the carriage, and it contains a piston, the
1od of which is connected by a link to the pivotting fiame The cylinder 18
charged with liquid, and its two ends are connected by a passage, on which there is
a regulating cock or valve.