Improvements relating to the Aëration of Water for use in Baths, and to Apparatus connected therewith.
Year: 1892

page_text: Date of Application, 22nd Dec., 1892
Complete Specification Left, 8th Sept., 1893-Accepted, 21st Oct., 1893
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements relating to the Aëration of Water for use in Baths,
and to Apparatus connected therewith.
I, WILHELM LIPPERT, of 18 Marschall-strasse, Dresden, in the Empire of
Germany, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
:-
My invention relates to a method of aërating water for use in baths and to
apparatus connected therewith.
According to the aforesaid method I add certain substances to the mixture of
the water and carbonic acid to retard the escape of the latter from the bathing tub.
For this purpose I preferably use slippery substances which are wholly or partly
soluble in the water, such as green or excessively fat soap, but vegetable oils, such
as olive oil or the like, may also be employed. The action of these substances is
such that in the mixing of carbonic acid and water they prevent the formation of
froth in a similar manner as the waves of the sea are allayed by oil. By this
means I effect on the one hand the saturation of the water with carbonic acid and
prevent on the other hand, owing to the fact that all the strata of the mixture are
at rest, a premature escape of carbonic acid, whereas the collapse of any bubbles,
in consequence of the shaking of the neighbouring parts, would promote the
disengagement of the carbonic acid. Moreover, the addition of the soap or the
like increasing the adhesion of the particles of water retards also the rising of
bubbles of carbonic acid which may have become free.
The improved apparatus which I employ has for its object to perform the mixing
of water and carbonic acid in an effectual manner and with less expenditure of
power than has been the case with the apparatus heretofore employed for similar
purposes. Provision has been made in this apparatus for enabling any person to
ascertain with perfect certainty the quantity of carbonic acid contained in the
mixture.
This apparatus comprises a cylindrical mixing vessel held upon a frame, and
receiving in its interior an agitator shaft supported at one end in a bearing and at
the other end in a stuffing box. The said shaft is provided with vanes which
however do not extend in the axial direction quite through the vessel, but leave
in the middle of the latter a free cylindrical space. Into this space extends in the
radial direction a spade-shaped vane arranged on the periphery of the vessel.
This vane is designed to prevent the water following the circular motion of the
vanes in the rotation of the agitator shaft, but produces, in consequence of the
resistance offered to this motion, a kind of churning action on the particles of
water, thereby considerably facilitating the penetration of the carbonic acid into
all parts of the water. Owing however to the fact that green soap or the like
is added to the water in the mixing vessel the formation of froth, which is
disadvantageous to the impregnation of the water with carbonic acid, is not caused
by the action of the agitator shaft. For this purpose it is however needful to
provide for letting off the air forced from the water by the carbonic acid, which is
suitably effected through the same tubulure through which the soap or the like is
introduced and which is usually closed by means of a lid adapted to be screwed
down.
The carbonic acid is introduced through a tubulure into the mixing or saturating
vessel, and the water through another tubulure, whilst the water which is ready
for the bathing is conducted through a tubulure to the bathing tub. The mixing
vessel is connected by a tube with a device for ascertaining the quantity of carbonic
acid contained in the bathing water.

page_text: This device consists essentially of a hollow cylinder which is preferably made
of transparent material and closed at its ends by means of a cover adapted to be
fixed by means of screws. For the sake of safety the said hollow cylinder is
surrounded by wire work. In the axis of the hollow cylinder is moreover arranged
an agitator shaft which, similarly to the shaft in the mixing vessel, is supported at
one end in a bearing of one of the covers, while the other end, extending through
a stuffing box of the second cover, carries a crank. The several agitator arms are
of a very small width and their free ends are connected by bars. When a cock
in the tube is opened a portion of the water containing carbonic acid passes into
the hollow cylinder experiencing a reduction of pressure which enables the
carbonic acid to pass out. When the agitator shaft is then set in operation the
arms produce a kind of whipping action on the water saturated with carbonic acid,
causing the carbonic acid to pass out. The carbonic acid which has passed out is
conducted through a pipe, adapted to be closed by means of a cock, into a receptacle
containing a solution of sodium chloride. To the said pipe, bent upwards within
the solution of sodium chloride, is joined a perforated plate upon which I place
glass cylinder which is open at the lower end and closed at the upper end, and
contains a solution of sodium chloride. The carbonic acid entering the glass
cylinder on the opening of the said cock will then gradually displace the liquid,
and the quantity of the carbonic acid which has taken the place of the latter can
be ascertained by the aid of a graduated scale provided on the glass cylinder.
Suppose the capacity of the glass cylinder represents a definite measure, for
instance two litres, and the graduations on the glass cylinder also correspond to
definite portions of a litre, the percentage of carbonic acid of the bathing water
may be easily determined. The figures giving the percentage may however be
provided immediately by the side of the graduations.
Dated this 22nd day of December 1892.
B
HASELTINE, LAKE & Co.,
45, Southampton Buildings, London, W.C., Agents for the Applicant.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements relating to the Aëration of Water for use in Baths,
and to Apparatus connected therewith.
I, WILHELM LIPPERT, of 18 Marschallstrasse, Dresden, in the Empire of
Germany, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement :-
My invention relates to a method of aërating water for use in baths and to
apparatus connected therewith.
According to the aforesaid method I add certain substances to the mixture of
the water and carbonic acid to retard the escape of the latter from the bathing
tub. For this purpose I preferably use slippery substances which are wholly or
partly soluble in the water, such as green or excessively fat soap, but vegetable
oils, such as olive oil or the like, may also be employed. The action of these
substances is such that in the mixing of carbonic acid and water they prevent the
formation of froth in a similar manner as the waves of the sea are allayed by oil.
By this means I effect on the one hand the saturation of the water with carbonic
acid and prevent on the other hand, owing to the fact that all the strata of the
mixture are at rest, a premature escape of carbonic acid, whereas the collapse of
any bubbles, in consequence of the shaking of the neighbouring parts, would
promote the disengagement of the carbonic acid. Moreover the addition of soap
of the like, increasing the adhesion of the particles of water, also retards the rising
of bubbles of carbonic acid which may have become free.
The improved apparatus which I employ has for its object the mixing of water

page_text: and carbonic acid in an effectual manner, and with less expenditure of power than
has been the case with the apparatus heretofore employed for similar purposes.
Provision has also been made in this apparatus to enable any person to ascertain
with perfect certainty the quantity of carbonic acid contained in the mixture.
The accompanying drawing, shows vertical section of the improved apparatus
which comprises a cylindrical mixing vessel a held upon a frame b the said vessel
being provided in its interior with an agitator shaft c, supported at one end in a
bearing d and at the other end in a stuffing box d'. The said shaft is provided
with vanese which however do not extend fully across the axial direction of the
vessel, but leave in the middle of the latter a free cylindrical space. Into this
space extends in the radial direction a spade-shaped vane arranged on the
periphery of the vessel a. This vane is designed not only to prevent the water
following the circular motion of the vanese in the rotation of the agitator shaft c,
but to. produce, in consequence of the resistance offered to this motion, a kind of
churning action ou the particles of water, thereby considerably facilitating the
penetration of the carbonic acid into all parts of the water. Owing however to
the fact that green soap or the like is added to the water in the mixing vessel a,
the formation of froth, which is disadvantageous to the impregnation of the water
with carbonic acid, is not caused by the action of the agitator shaft c.
For this purpose however it is necessary to provide means for letting off the air
forced from the water by the action of the carbonic acid, this is suitably effected
by means of the tubulure h, through which soap or the like is introduced, and
which is usually closed by means of a lid g, adapted to be screwed down.
The carbonic acid is introduced through a tubulure i into the mixing or
saturating vessel a, and the water through a tubulure k, whilst the water which is
ready for the bathing is conducted through a tubulure to the bathing tub.
The
mixing vessel is connected by a tube m with a device for ascertaining the quantity
of carbonic acid contained in the bathing water.
This device consists essentially of a hollow cylinder n which is preferably made
of transparent material and closed at its ends by means of covers p adapted to be
fastened together by means of the long bolts o. For the sake of safety the hollow
cylinder n is surrounded by wire work q
In the axis of the hollow cylinder n is moreover arranged an agitator shaft r
which, similarly to the shaft in the mixing vessel, is supported at one end in a
bearings in one of the covers p, while the other end extending through a stuffing
box t in the other cover, carries a crank. The agitator arms are very small
in width, and their free ends are connected by bars. When the cock or valve m¹
in the tube m is opened, a portion of the water containing carbonic acid passes
into the hollow cylindern, experiencing a reduction of pressure thereby enabling
the carbonic acid to pass out. The agitator shaft is set in motion, the arms
producing a kind of whipping action on the water saturated with carbonic acid,
causing the carbonic acid to pass out. The carbonic acid which has left is
conducted through a pipe u adapted to be closed by means of a cock or valve u¹
into a receptacle containing a solution of sodium chloride. To the pipe u, bent
upwards within the solution of sodium chloride, is joined a perforated plate w upon
which is placed a glass cylinder X which is open at the lower end and closed at
the upper end, and contains a solution of sodium chloride. The carbonic acid
entering the glass cylinder on the opening of the cock or valve will then
gradually displace the liquid, and the quantity of the carbonic acid which has
taken the place of the latter can be ascertained by the aid of a graduated scale
provided on the glass cylinder X.
Suppose the capacity of the glass cylinder represents a definite measure, for
instance two litres, and the graduations on the glass cylinder also correspond to
definite portions of a litre, the percentage of carbonic acid in the bathing water
may be easily determined. The figures giving the percentage may however be
placed directly by the side of the graduations on the glass cylinder.

page_text: Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner. the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
:
First. A method of producing aërated bathing water, characterized by mixing
green soap, olive oil and the like, with water saturated with carbonic acid, for the
purpose of obviating the formation of froth during the introduction of the carbonic
acid gas into the water, and preventing the escape of gas bubbles by increasing
the adhesion of the particles of liquid.
Second. An apparatus for aërating bathing water, comprising a closed vessel a,
having in its interior an agitator with vanes e, separated in the axial direction, and
a fixed spade-shaped vane arranged and operated in such a manner, that the
carbonic acid introduced will be intimately mixed with the water contained in the
said vessel, substantially as set forth.
Third. A device for ascertaining the quantity of carbonic acid contained in the
bathing water, comprising a closed receptacle containing an agitator, and in which
carbonic acid is liberated from the water to be examined and caused to pass through
a pipe u into a glass cylinder a which is open at its lower end and contains sodium
chloride, in order to determine by the quantity of liquid displaced from the said
cylinder, as indicated by a graduated scale, the quantity of carbonic acid contained
in the bathing water, substantially as set forth.
Dated this 8th day of September 1893.
HASELTINE, LAKE & Co.,
45, Southampton Buildings, London, W.C., Agents for the Applicant.