Improvements in the Construction of Machinery for Embossing Wood and other Compressible Materials by Pressure and Heat.
Year: 1892

page_text: Date of Application, 9th Mar., 1892
Complete Specification Left, 9th Dec., 1892-Accepted, 4th Mar., 1893
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Construction of Machinery for Embossing Wood
and other Compressible Materials by Pressure and Heat.
ALFRED ERNEST FRISBY 13 Vauxhall Grove Vauxhall Road Birmingham
Mechanical Engineer do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
Improvement by simplifying its working parts: The reduction of friction to a
minimum, a method of preventing the discoloration of the material worked upon;
the more easier & simpler method of working such machine-less danger to life or
limb by a proper construction of such working parts. Arrangement to prevent the
immediate twisting or warping of the material worked upon, the better lubrication
of such working parts; the more & simpler method of applying the necessary
pressure & throwing such machine in & out of gear-the easier & more readier
method of releasing or exchanging the die or pattern and the better construction of
the die & of the cylinder on which such die is placed.
By driving the spindle direct upon which the pattern is placed and thereby
preventing the tearing of the material worked upon.
This spindle it is intended to be fixed in two bearings, between these bearings &
upon such spindle the pattern is to be placed and under such pattern the material
to be worked upon is placed. In impressing the pattern upon the material worked
upon it is intended to prevent the tearing of such material owing to one part moving
& the other standing still, instead of the pattern & the material worked upon
moving in unison one with another.
This direct driving is absolutely necessary on account of the enormous friction in
the bearings of the spindle to which effect that whilst the work placed upon a table
driven by other ways, the work itself would constantly be passing on whilst the
spindle containing the pattern would stand still and so tearing the material worked
upon, as to render such work produced absolutely useless.
By providing a loose head or bearing to one end of such cylinder, such head
being withdrawn by a screw and thus allowing for the immediate withdrawal or
exchange of pattern and thus avoid the usual waste of time by waiting for such
cylinder being cooled previous to such alteration or exchange.
This loose head or bearing forms one of the bearings for the spindle upon which
the pattern is placed, and it is intended as above to arrange such mechanism as shall
provide for such motion in the head or bearing. This head or bearing it is intended
to move to & fro in a slot or groove, being drawn back or pushed forward by a
screw & nut and during this operation the other end of the spindle would remain
stationary in the other or fast bearing, of which as before stated forms one of the
two bearings in which such spindle runs.
By a better form & construction of both cylinder & dies, admitting of the
immediate fitting and fastening of all dies upon such cylclinder & ensuring a more
even and equal pressure on the material worked upon, and the improved shape of
dies, so as to assist the better working of such cylclinder.
By constructing the spindle in this intended form there is provision made for every-
thing I can see necessary. The ends of such spindle that fit in the bearings are
made taper and this allows for the taking up the wear of such spindle in the
bearings. It is intended to make provision for holding the dies in a firmer and yet
simpler form; by an improved form of collars or flanges upon such spindle and between
such collars or flanges the pattern is placed, such collars or flanges forming a clamp
or holdfast for such pattern. By these arrangements all dies will fit on the same
cyclinder and only one loose collar is necessary in order to clamp the die up to the

page_text: collar (this collar or flange it is intended should form a part of such spindle) on
spindle. This simple arrangement allows for the immediato withdrawel or exchange
of patterns to or from such cyclinder.
By a further arrangement on cyclinder on edge of collars or flanges the die being
bored at the same angle (these collars or flanges fitting into the ends of such
pattern) thus allows for the constant taking up of the expansion caused by the constant
pressure in doing its work as such points of die comes in contact with the material
worked upon, & thus ensuring the necessary closeness of fitting at such angles (this
is simply done by drawing the collars closer together), so that when such points of
the die comes in contact with the material to be compressed there is no shrinkage
of the pattern at such points of contact.
By providing 2 bolts provision is made for the firm clamping of the loose collar
holding the die firmly up to the fast collar on spindle so that not only cannot the
die rotate on its spindle but also that as such die expands &c. the bolts by
tightening (draws such collars closer together) takes up such slackness caused by
expansion &c.
By providing a proper proportion of gas & air; so that in supplying such heat to
the dies, the dies do not become discolored, and so allow of the most delicate colored
material being worked upon. In this arrangement it is intended that the tube con-
veying the gas takes a circular form, and where the air enters this part of tube being
larger there are a number of holes, also over this expanded part of tube there is a
collar with a like number of holes corresponding to the hole already mentioned and
by moving this collar (which is loose) in a circular direction, the holes become more
or less open and accordingly there is a greater or lesser amount of air admitted in
proportion to the amount of gas used & thus providing for a colorless flame,
preventing the accumulation of any sooty matter upon the die. The heat being
conveyed to the pattern up the centre of the spindle upon which the pattern is
placed and as such preventing any discoloration of the material worked upon.
By providing expansion bearings, so as to counteract the great amount of friction
&c., caused by the deflection of the cyclinder by pressure and its expansion by
heat.
The lower half of such bearings one being at each end of the spindle are allowed
to go downwards as the spindle deflects &c. by springs supporting such lower
parts.
The upper half of such bearings slightly differ from the lower half inasmuch that
provision is made for a side expansion on the same principle as the lower half of
Buch bearings whilst the centre of the top half of such bearings remains fixed &
stationary.
By providing a mechanism to prevent the immediate warping or twisting of the
material worked upon by a provision of springs & rollers.
This or some other arrangement is very necessary, owing to the heat to which the
material is exposed, and the pressure applied at the point of contact of such material
with the die. This arrangement is made so that the thicker the material & conse-
quently the greater power required to prevent warping the springs become more
compressed and such exert in such like proportion a greater power in resisting such
twisting and warping there are also provided 2 loose rollers which are adjustable as
the width of the work or the material worked upon vary in width, there are 2 of
such arrangements necessary for such machine, one upon the material worked upon
as such enters under the die & the other to receive the material worked upon as it
leaves from under the die.
By the more simple construction of the machine, better lubrication of its working
parts, simpler methods of supplying pressure, throwing in & out of gear-the
reduction of friction to a minimum & the entire absence of danger to life & limb of
workmen.
This machine becomes simpler because of its fewer working parts, the motion of
the machine being always in one direction the direction of the table on which the
material worked upon is placed going correspondingly in one direction only,—when

page_text: once the die is set &c. & the machine set in motion, nothing else is needed but simply
feeding the machine with material to be worked upon. The starting of the machine
is accomplished by turning a small handwheel, which working a screw throws a
clutch in gear of the worm, which it is intended to work a worm wheel fixed upon
such spindle as before mentioned, this provides for direct driving also the pressure
to be applied is also regulated by a handwheel, and this is so arranged that as the
material leaves the die or pattern by the turnings of this handwheel so conveniently
placed, greater or lesser pressure may be applied.
The machine in its most important parts it is intended to be bettered lubricated
& friction reduced to a minimum. First as regards the spindle bearings by expansion
as already described-also the rotation of the table only running on frictional
surfaces where such part of table may come in point of contact with the die-the
remainder of the table running upon rollers; the lower part of such rollers being
always encased in oil, this reduces friction to an enormous extent as well as
providing for good lubrication.
There is no danger to life or limb of the workmen as all the moving parts are
guarded & encased where necessary especially where gear wheels &c. are placed.
Dated this 8th day of March 1892.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Construction of Machinery for Embossing
Wood and other Compressible Materials by Pressure and Heat.
ALFRED ERNEST FRISBY 13 Vauxhall Grove Vauxhall Road Birmingham
Mechanical Engineer do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement :-
My invention has reference to improvements in machines used for producing a
pattern upon wood papier mache and other suitable compressible materials by
means of pressure and heat.
My improved machine is provided with two patterns dies mounted upon separate
shafts and positively driven by gearing from the belt shaft which is fitted with a
cone pulley and placed in the centre of the machine. On the end of the cone
pulley shaft is a pinion gearing into spur wheels to the right and left of it these
spur wheels being mounted upon short shafts having bearings upon the standard and
fitted with a worm and a clutch for connecting and disconnecting the worm and
shaft. The dies are mounted upon shafts placed at right angles to the worm shafts
and fitted at one end with worm wheels which are driven by the worms already
referred to. The worm clutches are provided with levers suitably arranged for
throwing them in and out of action, the operating lever being brought to a
convenient position for the attendant to work.
Each of the die shafts run in two conical bearings one of which is pivoted upon
the worm shaft and the other upon a slide, and both bearings are fitted with one
fixed brass or step and two movable ones, the latter being held up by springs,
the tension of which is adjustable by screws. The slide carrying the outside
bearing is provided with a screw for drawing the bearing off the end of the shaft
when the pattern die is to be changed and the bracket upon which the slide is guided
is hinged at one side so that when the bearing is clear of the shaft, it may be swung
back to allow of the dic being withdrawn. Both bearings are fitted with suitable
screws for holding them in their placed position. The bracket carrying the slide
and bearing is held in position by screws and is also provided with a screw and
hand wheel for raising or lowering the same, and thus placing the die shaft at an
angle.
The die consists of a central piece bored to fit the shaft in the centre, and
conically at each end. Upon the outside of the central piece is the die proper

page_text: made of gun metal or other suitable metal, cast upon, or otherwise securely fixed
upon the central piece, by which arrangement the die when worn may be replaced
without the necessity of having a new central piece. The die shaft is made wit
a solid conical collar turned to fit the conical end of the centre piece of the die
and has also a clutch like arrangement for fitting a similar clutch on the centre
piece of the die. After the die is in position a loose conical collar is placed or
the shaft similar in all respects to the fixed collar and the loose collar is draw
towards the fast collar by two screws which pass through the centre piece of the
die. There is also a keyway in the die shaft, while a suitable key in the loose
collar assures the same being placed upon the shaft in a proper position relatively
to the fixed collar.
The work tables are fitted to slide vertically under the dies and are provided
with a large roller over which the work passes, it being drawn forward by the
positive motion of the dies.
The table is also fitted with adjustable guides for preventing side motion of the
work acted upon, and at the front and back of the dies there are small pressure
trucks two on each side these being mounted upon short cross shafts and held upon
the work to prevent it lifting by means of springs.
The dies are heated by gas jets on the outside of the same, the gas being burnt
either by an ordinary Bunsen burner, or by a burner supplied with air from a fan.
The working parts may be enclosed by a rail for protection to the attendant,
and the dies may be revolved in the same or opposite directions as required.
I have attached hereto one sheet of drawings in order that my invention may be
better understood the same parts in the different views being indicated by the same
reference letters.
Fig. 1. is a front elevation of the machine, the right hand half being partly in
section.
Fig. 2. a part plan of the machine.
Fig. 3. a section of the die showing how the same is connected to the die shaft.
Fig. 4. an end elevation of Fig. 3.
Fig. 5. a longitudinal section of one of the bearings for the die shaft, and
Fig. 6. a transverse section of Fig. 5.
The machine is driven by a belt from a countershaft fitted with fast and loose
pulleys strap gear and a cone pulley from which motion is given to the machine
driving shaft a fitted with a conc pulley a' and carried in bearings a² and a³. Upou
the shaft a is a pinion a gearing into wheels bon shafts which have their
bearings on the machine standard and are provided with worms 2, these latter
being connected and disconnected with the shaft by a clutch which is actuated
by a sliding pin 6* and cranked lever , the latter being carried to a convenient
position for the attendant and may be supported by a catch arrangement on the
guard piece c. The clutch may however be worked by means of a screw and
hand wheel but I prefer the arrangement described as being the simplest and
quickest in action.
The worms b² give motion to wheels d on the die shaft d' which are thus driven
by positive means. The shafts are supported in conical bearings & and a fitted
with an upper fixed step or brass d' Figs. 5 and 6 and two movable steps d³ which
are held up to the required position by screws and springs by which arrangement
any upward bending at the centre of the shaft d' depresses the steps d³ and so
prevents the shaft locking itself in the bearings.
The bearing d is made with lugs d and is pivoted upon the worm shaft b¹ so
that the bearing may be turned to suit the inclination of the shaft d for producing
taper work. The bearing is also provided with a bolt for holding it in a fixed
position.
The bearing dis pivoted at. x upon a block e and is held in position by a
bolt do. This bearing is also fitted to move endways to and from the shaft d',
for which purpose the block e is fitted to slide on a bracket e¹ and is actuated by
a screw e² and hand wheel e. The bracket e¹ is pivoted at e* to a slide e capable
.

page_text: of moving vertically in guides on the standard and actuated by a screw e from a
hand wheel e'. With this arrangement the bearing may be adjusted vertically
and by the screw e drawn.off the shaft d', after which the bracket e may be
turned on its centres and the bearing swing clear of the shaft so that the die
may readily be removed and that in less time than by making the slide e move the
necessary distance. The bracket e and slide e' are held together when the parts
are in a working position by bolts e" and eº.
The pattern die consists of an outer ring of metal f Figs. 3 and 4 upon which
the pattern is engraved or cut and this ring is cast upon or otherwise securely
fixed to a central block f¹ which is bored to fit the shaft d' and has conical recesses
at each end fitting at one end of the block a conical collar d fast on the shaft d',
and at the other end upon a collar do loose upon the shaft but prevented from
turning by a key. The collars and are also provided with projections du
which fit corresponding recesses in the block f₁ so that the whole forms a
clutch like arrangement. The loose collar d" is drawn towards the fast collar by
screws, the die being thus solidly fixed upon the shaft.
For heating the die I preferably use a blow pipe flame upon the outside of the
same instead of from the inside as is usual in this style of machine the gas and air
being supplied by pipes 9 so arranged that the jet is directed upon the edges of the
die and just below the top of the same. The air may be drawn into the burner as in
an ordinary gas stove, but by preference I supply it from a small fan. When the
air is drawn in I arrange means for regulating the amount sɔ that a perfectly
smokeless flame may be obtained.
The work is fed under the die and upon the top of a table / fitted with a
roller over which the work passes in an easier manner than if a fixed table was
used. The roller is mounted in a block which forms a guide for the table and
is fitted to slide vertically in guides on the standard, the vertical movement of
the table being obtained by a screw ', worm wheel, worm, and band wheel 77,
the worm wheel forming a nut for the screw *.
The tables are also fitted with adjustable guides / carrying upright pins from
which the small pressure rollers are carried by blocks and spindles 1*, the
rollers being held upon the work to prevent it buckling by springs 1 which exert
a greater pressure upon the material according to the thickness of the same and
consequently the power to buckle.
The workman is protected from the moving parts of the machine by guards c
which are attached to the standard and shaped to embrace the moving parts.
When in operation the machine is set in motion and the gas jets g lighted to
heat the dies, and when a suitable temperature is reached the material to be acted
upon is placed between the die fand roller h¹, the rotation of the die pulling the
material forward. The pressure of the die upon the material is regulated from the
hand wheel h', and the inclination of the shaft d¹ varied according to the require-
ments of the work, which can readily be done by raising or lowering the slide e
and turning the bearings and upon their centres to suit the difference in
height. Should it be necessary to change the die the machine is stopped and the
bearing drawn back by the screw e until clear of the shaft d' after which the
bracket e and the bearing upon it is swung away from the end of the shaft f so
that the collar do and die f may be withdrawn after the screws have been taken
out. For renewing a die it is only necessary to remove the outer ring f and
replace it, thus saving a cost of a whole die. It should also be noted that the dies
may be revolved in either direction and the work fed from the front or the back of
the machine, or the dies may revolve in opposite directions and the work be fed
from both sides.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
1 In mashing Can the Benecified the use
of a
nositively driven die.

page_text: arranged and actuated in substantially the manner shown and described in the
accompanying drawings and Specification.
2. The method of constructing the pattern dies whereby the pattern is formed
upon an outer ring securely attached to an inner boss.
3. The use of the conical collars and clutch like projections for connecting the
die to the die shaft arranged substantially as shown and described in the accom-
panying drawings and Specification.
4. In machines for the purpose specified the construction of the bearings for the
.die shaft substantially as shown and described in the accompanying drawings and
Specification.
5. The combination and arrangement of the bearings d³, and slides e' and e' for
the purpose specified.
6. The combination of the shafts with the pivoted bearings and the
slides e³ for the purpose of giving an inclination to the die shafts, arranged sub-
stantially as shown and described in the accompanying drawings and Specification.
7. The construction of the roller table arranged to slide vertically, and its com-
bination with the screw and gearing for actuating the same, substantially as shown
and described in the accompanying drawings and Specification.
8. The pressure rollers and the use of the same for preventing buckling of the
work, arranged substantially as shown and described in the accompanying drawings
and Specification.
9. In combination with the machine shown and described the method of heating
the dies by gas jets acting upon the outer surface of the same.
10. The provision of means for connecting and disconnecting the worms & with
the shafts arranged and actuated by a lever or screw in substantially in the
manner shown and described in the accompanying drawings and Specification.
11. In a machine for producing a pattern upon wood and other compressible
material by pressure and heat, the general arrangement and combination of the
parts as shown and described in the accompanying drawings and Specification.
Dated this 8th day of December 1892.
W. H. POTTER, M.I.M.E.,
Parliament Chambers, Nottingham, Agent for the Applicant