Improvements in Oil and Gas Engines.
Year: 1895

page_text: Date of Application, 11th Nov., 1895
Complete Specification Left, 11th Aug., 1896-Accepted, 7th Nov., 1896
Improvements in Oil and Gas Engines.
We WILLIAM ALLEN of Tone Engineering Works Taunton Somerset, Engineer,
and LAURENCE CHECKLEY BARKER of Cranleigh House Staines Middlesex
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
Our invention relates to improvements in that class of oil and gas engines which
are known as the "four cycle type."
:
Our improvement relates to the method of constructing the valve through which
the explosive gases pass on the way to the cylinder of the engine, this valve being
controlled by the governor of the engine in manner as follows:-
The valve is placed in a valve box and kept to its seating by a spring encircling
the valve stem, the compression of that spring being regulated by the governor.
The action of the governor upon the valve is such that when the balls of the
governor rise or fly apart or any other arrangement used as a governor tends to put
more compression on the spring encircling the valve stem, and so by that means the
lift of the valve is reduced, and therefore the amount of mixture passing into the
cylinder is likewise reduced, as soon as the governor balls fall & close together,
or any other governor arrangement, the compression of that spring is reduced and
as the amount of mixture passing to the cylinder is governed by the compression of
that spring (the governor regulating that compression) so by that means the engine
taking a charge at every charging stroke runs at a uniform speed. The before
described arrangement is equally applicable to gas or oil motors.
Another part of our invention consists of improvements solely applicable to oil
engines and relates to that part of the engine called the vaporiser or volatilizer.
The vaporiser or volatilizer we arrange so that it will come more or less
immediately over the flame of the lamp that heats the ignition tube.. The
vaporiser or volatilizer may be shaped as herein beforo described it consists
essentially of an outside casing which surrounds an inner chamber in such a
manner as to leave a suitable space between the inuer surface of the casing and the
outer surface of the chamber this space we shall hereinafter call the annular space.
There is a space left between the inner surfaces of the chamber as may be found
most convenient.
This arrangement of casing and chamber will somewhat resemble the shell and
firebox of the ordinary vertical boiler.
For the sake of perspicuity we will describe the vaporiser or volatilizer as if it
was rectangular in elevation and circular in section but we by no means confine
ourselves to this elevation or section, any suitable elevation or section will answer
our purpose.
The vaporiser or volatilizer is preferably placed in a vertical position but it may
be placed in an angular or inclined position.
.
On the top side of the casing is an inlet through which the mineral oil or other
bydrocarbons hereinafter referred to as the oil are introduced into the vaporiser or
volatilizer the amount of such mineral oil or hydrocarbon being regulated by
a valve or other suitable means...
Preferably immediately below the inlet for the oil there is fixed in the ohamber
a tube open on the end next the inlet for the oil and closed at the other end.
Instead of the tube being placed vertically as hereinbefore described there may be

page_text: one or more tubes passing from side to sido of the chamber in a more or less
horizontal direction their two ends terminating in the annular space.
The outside casing is jacketed and so arranged that this jacket is in connection
with the exhaust from the engine and so arranged that the exhaust products of the
explosion circulate round or in immediate connection with the casing. If needful
we further heat the volatilized oil when it is mixed with air to forin an explosive
mixture by passing the explosive mixture through or around an annular jacketed
or other space, the heat being supplied by the exhaust products from the explosion
in the cylinder of the engine.
The vaporiser or volatilizer is placed in such a position relative to the lamp
beating the ignition tube that the waste heat of the lamp that escapes is used for
heating the herein before mentioned tubes in the vaporizer or volatilizer the spent
products of combustion from the lamp escaping through one or more apertures
through the top or any other suitable part of the vaporizer or volatilizer.
And further we claim an improvement in ignition valves. The valve being of
the piston type with only one port is actuated by a lever & cam or other suitable
arrangement, and when the port in piston valve comes opposite the tube opening,
the explosive mixture from the cylinder, which is in compression runs up the hot
.tube and so fires the charge.
Dated this 9th day of November 1895,
W. M. LLEWELLIN, C.E.,
15 King Square, Bristol, Agent for Applicants.
PONED Son and Gas Engines,
We, WILLIAM ALLEN of Tone Engineering Works Taunton Somerset Engineer,
and LAURENCE CHECKLEY BARKER of Cranleigh House Staines, Middlesex,
Engineer, do hereby. declare the nature, of this invention and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement :-
Our invention relates to improvements in oil and gas engines and has for its object
-the more economical working of such engines.
The improvements relate to the parts of oil engines connected with the admission
of the mixture of vapourised oil and air to the cumbustion chamber or cylinder and
the regulation thereof.
A further improvement relates to the utilization of the heat of waste gases and
products of cumbustion in vapourising or heating oil used in connection with oil
engines.
A still further improvement has reference to the valve used for regulating tlie
admission of vapourised oil and air or gas to the cumbustion tube or other required
parts.
In order that our invention may be clearly understood I annex hereto four
sheets of drawings which are to be taken and read as part of these presents.
In each sheet of drawings only like letters apply to like parts.
Figures 1 & 2 show one arrangement of valve and valve box of which :—
Figure 1. is a longitudinal sectional'elevation & Figure 2 is a plau.
Figures 3-4-5 & 6 show another arrangement of valve and valve box of
which:-
Figure 3. is a transverse con

page_text: All the foregoing figures are shown on Sheet I of the drawings and like letters
refer to like parts in all the hereiubefore recited figures on Sheet 1. For the sake
of clearness each sheet of drawings will be described independently, and without
reference to another sheet except when hereinafter specially stated.
In Figures 1 & 2
A is the port or opening in which the air valve is fixed, such air valve being any
of the well known types used in oil or gas engines.
B is the port through which the vapourised oil is admitted to valve box D¹.
C. port or passage through which is controlled by valve H.
.
E is the valve-spindle which passes through the hole E' in the valve cover.
F the valvo lever operated by any of the usual and well known devices for
regulating the speed of oil or gas engines.
G coiled or other suitably shaped spring in compression held in compressed
position by nut N as shown in Figures 3 & 5.
Hvalvo with valve seating at H¹.
I. bolt holes in flange J.
J flange for attachment to combustion chamber or other required part.
Referring to Figures 3-4-5 and 6. K is the branch to connect to combustion
chamber or other suitable part.
D is a branch from the part D¹ of the valve box in connection with D are the
parts (not shown in the drawings) from which the supply of the mixture of
vapourised oil and air is drawn ; such mixture of vapourised oil and air, or gas aul
air will hereinafter be referred to as the explosive mixture or gas,
L. flange for attaching to combustion chamber or other required part.
M eliptical or other suitably shaped flange attaching to part conveying the
explosive mixture to branch D.
N compressor nut fitted to threaded part of valve spindle E for compressing
spring G to any required pressure.
The action of the arrangement shown in Figures 1-2-3-4-5-6- is as
follows:-
The spring G having been adjusted by nut N so as to exercise an ascertained
pressure upon the valve spindle E and so to limit the lift or drop of valve H so ag
to allow a certain desired amount of explosive mixture to pass when the lever F is
in a certain pre-arranged position when actuated by the device for governing the
speed of the engine then if less gas is required to pass the valve H H¹ the lever F
is actuated, by the governing device in the engine and is made to rise and s.>
compresses the spring G against the nut N and by that means closes the valve H H
against the suction of the piston and reduces the amount of gas passing the
valve H. H₁ Alternately when more gas is required for consumption in the
engine the lever F actuated by the governing device of the engine tends to resumé
its normal position and the spring G by reason of its less compression allows the
valve H to be moved more or less away from valve seat H¹ by means of the suction
of the piston and consequently gas passes the valve H. H₁ to the combustion
hamber or cylinder.
Figures 7-8-9-10 & 11 show one arrangement of the vapouriser or
volatiliser of which:-
Figure 7 is a plan.
Figure 8 a half section through the inlet of the exhaust port.
Figure 9. a part transverse sectional elevation through line 1. k or oil inlet of plan.
Figure 10. a transverse sectional elevation through line de of plan.
Figure 11 a transverse sectional elevation, through line a. b. of plan.
All the foregoing figures are shown on Sheet 2 of the drawings and in the figures
ike letters apply to like parts in all the figures.
N. P. O. Qis a more or less cylindrically shaped vessel or casing as regards its
ross section of which N is the outer wall P the bottom part or floor the inner
all, Q the top part or roof the more or less annular space C being enclosed by the
arts N. P. O. Q.
r
4

page_text: D'is an opening into the annular space C near the roof Q. B is an opening into
the annular space C near the floor P.
The inner wall O surrounds a central space J.
Part of the central space J is occupied by a liner I which fits upon a shoulder R¹
which shoulder is a prolongation of the floor P more or less in the central space J".
The liner I fits upon the shoulder R' at R and makes a tight joint at other parts
between the outside of the liner I and the inside surface of the inner wall O
a space F is left and towards the top of the liner at G an enlarged space-or recess
is formed.
At the top of the liner a flange L is formed on it and this makes a tight joint
at S with the top internal surface of the inner wall O. and also at S¹ between the
lower surface of the flange L and the outside of the roof Q.
The liner is kept in position by bolts or studs T passed through holes M and
fixed into roof Q of casing O. P. N. Q.
The sides of the liner I are connected together by tubular passages H. H¹H"
which cross the central space J in any required direction.
E is an opening or passage connected to the recessed part G of the annular
space F and arranged to be opposite one of the open ends of the tubular passages H.
The passage E has no connection with the annular space C.
A is a passage passing in part through the annular space C with which it has no
connection but has connection with the central space F.
The use of this apparatus is as follows:-
The waste heat of the lamp that is used for heating the ignition tube or the heat
from any other source available is passed up the central space J" J and strikes
against the tubular passages H. H¹ Has well as against the inside sides of the liner I.
The heat contained in the waste gases of the exhaust from the engine is utilised
by passing tho waste gases through B into the annular space C where it heats up the
inner wall O of the casing O. P. N. Q. and eventually escapes through the opening D.
Mineral or other suitable oil is fed through A into the annular space F and
tubular passages H¹H".
Врасе F
The passages H¹ H" and the liner being heated as hereinbefore described the
oil flashes into a vapour or gas and collects in the upper part of the annular
and tubular passage H from whence it is led away for use as required.
Figures 13-14-15-16-17- and 18 on Sheet 3 show another arrangement, or
modification of volatiliser :-
Figure 13. is a vertical section through the line a. b of plan Fig. 14.
Figure 14 is a plan of the volatiliser.
Figure 15. is a vertical section on the line, de.
Figure 16 is a transverse section on the line h. k. in Figure 13.
Figure 17. is a plan of the top tubular passages looking on T.
Figure 18. is a plan of the lower tubular passages looking on -
-P.
Like letters apply to like parts in all the drawings on Sheet 3 and as before for
the sake of clearness each sheet of drawings will be discribed independantly.
NP. QO is a vessel or cusing preferably more or less circular in section but
may be made of any other suitable section.
N outside wall. P bottom or floor which has an opening B formed in it.
Qtop part or roof. O the inside wall. The inside wall O surrounds a central
circular or other suitably shaped space J.
In the space is placed a liner I which does not fit closely to the inside side of
the wall but has a space F left between the inside side of the wall O and the
outside side of the liner and at the top portion of the wall O. or that part
nearest the roof Q. The space F is enlarged so as to form a recess or chace G.
The two sides of the liners are joined by one or more tubular passages H. H¹H"
& 0:0¹-0¹i.
The said tubular passages may be cross shaped X like Figures 17 and 18 show
this arrangement of which Figure 17 is a plan looking on-n showing the tubular
cross passages in which O. Hare the branches radiating to the sides of the

page_text: liner I and Figure 18 is a plan looking on-p showing the tubular cross passages
situated in the lower portion of the liner I. 'O' H¹ are the branches that radiate
to the sides of the liner it will thus be understood that the sides of the liner I are
joined at four points of its circumferance by the tubular passages and as there are
in the present case 6 tubes so there are twelve openings in the liner. Tubes H. O.
open into the recess G of the space F. A shoulder is formed at R' on the inner
wall and a tight joint is made at R between one surface of R' and the bottom
surface of the liner I.
The top portion of the liner I is continued over the part Qin such a manner
as to form a flue or hood S of which is the outside of the flue part T the
flange for fitting to the top of the casing OP N QQ' making the joint R" which
is secured by bolts or studs passing through the bolt or stud holes S.
A is the inlet for oil of which the end next the liner I opens opposite the
tubular passages H¹ H" or O'-0",
The use of this apparatus is as follows:-
The heat contained in the waste gases of the exhaust from the engine is utilised
by passing them through the opening B. at the bottom of the casing O. P. N. Q. Q¹
they then circulate round the inner wall and also round the cross tubular
passages OOHH" and thence pass into space J of liner I heating the sides
of the liner I the waste gases then strike against the cross tubular passages H. O.
and from thence pass in the flue space S and so on to the outlet D.
Mineral or other suitable oil is injected through A into annular space F and
cross tubular passages 0' 0" H'H" and is by means of the heated state of the
surfaces the oil comes in contact with is flashed into gaseous vapour or volatilised
and collects in cross tubular passages H O. from whence it is drawn off to be used
as and when required.
Figures 19. 20. 21. & 22 show arrangements of regulator for controlling supply
of explosive mixture or gas to ignition tube.
Figure 19. is a transverse sectional elevation of regulator showing certain
actuating parts not subject matter to this patent viz. parts P. K. MJL.
Figure 20 is a transverse sectional elevation on the line e. f. of Figure 19.
Figure 21 is a horizontal section through the branch D of Figure 19.
Figure 22 is an elevation of piston of regulator partly in section partly in
outline.
All the foregoing figures are shown in Sheet 4 of the drawings and like letters
apply to like parts in all the hereinbefore recited figures on Sheet 4.
A is the casing of the regulator which has an eliptically shaped flange Q on
one side in which is formed the opening D for fixing the ignition tube or other
required part.
The regulator is attached to any required portion on the engine by means of
studs or bolts fixed in bolt holes I.
.H is a cylindrical or other suitably shaped passage one and H¹ being enlarged
to receive any connection and to which is attached flange B which has holes C
formed in it for attaching to any required part of engine. The other end of the
passage H namely G is shaped so as to allow a square, round, or any other
suitably shaped valve regulator spindle as G to fit it, a stuffing box with any of
the usual and well known gland arrangements may be fitted to G¹³ and around G so
as to prevent any escape of gas or explosive mixture.
A nut N is threaded on the screwed part 0 of the regulator spindle G".
Around the spindle G" G may be fitted a coiled spring in tension or compression
which is regulated at will by nut N.
The drawing shows spring acting in compression that is with a tendency to
expand.
E is a port in the regulator which at certain periods as required by the exigencies
of the working of the engine more or less coincides with the aperture D.
>
The hollow piston F of the regulator, fits iu. the part H of the oasing;
PJ K ML are respectively the bracket, rocking arm roller aud cam, of the..

page_text: 7. The apparatus substantially as herein described and set forth for the utilisation
of the waste heat from the lamp heating the ignition tube and the heat contained
in the waste gases of the exhaust.for volatilising the mineral or other oil used in
oil engines to produce oil vapour for use in the engine.
8. The arrangement of hollow or solid piston sliding in a cylinder cutting off
admission of gas to a port or a passage to ignition tube; the cutting off of the
Bupply of gas being effected by the passing of the end of the piston more or less.
over the port.
9. The arrangement of a hollow piston having a port in its side that co-incides
more or less as required with a port in connection with the passage to ignition.
tube.
10. The use of a spring or its equivalent, in connection with a hollow or solid
piston to keep piston in certain pre-arranged normal position.
11. The arrangement of hollow piston sliding in a cylinder substantially as
hereinbefore described and set forth.
Dated this 8th day of August. 1896
W. M. LLEWELLIN, C.E.,
15, King's Square, Bristol, Agent for the Applicants.
W. M. LLEWELLIN, C.E.,
15, King's Square, Bristol, Agent for the Applicants.