A New or Improved Motor Actuated by Explosions.
Year: 1896

page_text: Date of Application, 10th Apr., 1890
Complete Specification Left, 11th Jan., 1897-Accepted, 3rd Apr., 1897
Date of Application,
ADT., 1890
Complete Specification Left, 11th Jan., 1897-Accepted, 3rd Apr., 1897
A New or Improved Motor Actuated by Explosions.
I ALPHONSE EDOUARD, TAVERNIER of 23 Plato Road, Brixton London S.W.,
Civil Engineer, a citizen of the Republic of France do hereby declare the nature
of this invention to be as follows:-
The object of this new machine is to produce a gas or petroleum engine that will
work in the best conditions and in which the speed. will be regulated at will.
My machine is composed of four cylinders so as to give one explosion for every
half revolution of the crank shaft.
Two cylinders are fixed in a parallel position on an incline plan. The two
others are placed in the same way in another plan inclined in an opposite direction,
the two plans forming an angle together. The crank shaft has a double crank and
two connecting rods of opposite pistons are fixed with the proper disposition on
each of these cranks.
.
Two sheets of drawings with the present document will illustrate this
specification.
The Sheet I. gives a representation of a vertical section of my machine.
The Sheet II. illustrates special details of this invention in the Fig. 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
and 7.
The four cylinders A, A1, A2, A3, are fixed in a special box of sheet iron Q-
Each cylinder has a thread cut at both its extremitys and, with the aid of
convenient nuts, these cylinders are solidly fixed to the box Qin openings
conveniently cut in the said box. In every cylinder is a piston B. This piston is
of a particular make. It is composed of three parts. One part receives the
special segment of this piston.. Another keeps the said segment in place. The
third part is the segment itself. This segment is composed of a steel wire of a
square section, which is rolled so as to form a spiral spring. The three pieces are
kept in place by a bolt and a nut. Every piston has a connecting rod C. The
connecting rods of two opposite pistons acting on the same boring placed on one of
the cranks of the double crank shaft.
To each cylinder is fixed two valve-boxes E E. One has for object the
alimentation of the detonating mixtures in the cylinder; the other valve-box is on
the contrary for letting out the foul gases produced by the combustion in the same
cylinder. The valves in the valve-boxes are worked by the levers F. Each
lever F carries a friction roller G, this roller turning on the drum H. The drum H
turns with the machine at half the speed of the crank shaft. On this drum H are
disposed in the required position cams H'; these cams acting on the friction
rollers G bring, hy the aid of the levers F, the valves to open. Springs properly
disposed keep the valves closed, and the levers F must overcome this resistance.
The valve-boxes are of two different sorts. The valve-boxes serving for the
alimentation are connected two by two by the tubes O¹. These tubes O' being in
communication through an aperture, covered with wire gauze, with the interior of
box Q..
'
The valve-boxes serving for the let out of the foul gases are connected by the
tubes O. The tubes O communicating with a special apparatus for the issue in
the atmosphere of the said foul gases.
This apparatus is composed of. a conical piece perced with small holes on its

page_text: periphery and opening in a box in which it is fixed. This box by convenient
apertures is in communication with the atmosphere.
The object of this apparatus is to suppress in the let out of the gases the noise
and the pressure.
The box contains a snifting or aspiration valve closed by a convenient spring.
In this box Q projects the end of the tube W (Sheet II Fig. 7) this tube W
terminating by a proper pulverising apparatus.
Each cylinder has fixed to it the two valve-boxes E E and also a small
detonator P. The detonator P is composed of a recipient 3 in which are fixed two
small insulating pieces 2 in porcelain or steatite. These insulating pieces 2 have in
their middle a wire of platinum 4 and small nuts on these platinum wires form
the electric terminus. of the apparatus. The detonator P is communicating with
the interior of the cylinder on which it is placed, the upper part being closed by
a screw 1.
In the middle of the drum H is a part I in ebonite and with the assistance of
the electrodes J. J. J. J and the contact pieces K, this part I forms the electric
distributor to the detonators P. By the aid of a source of electricity and this
distributor I an electric spark is produced at the proper moment between the
platinum wires 4 of the detonators P.
The source of electricity employed may be a small magneto or dynamo put in
motion by the machine itself or an accumulator. The process I prefere is an
accumulator which is properly fed by a small dynamo or magneto turning with the
machine.
If the machine is burning petroleum I store the provision of petroleum in a
special apparatus Fig. 7.
This apparatus is composed of a cylinder S contained in a second cylinder T.
The cylinder S is filled with petroleum. It is filled by a special tube fixed at one
end and the petroleum is forced in by a small hand pump.
A glass tube forming a gauge is fixed at the other end of the cylinder S and
protrudes out of the cylinder T.
When the cylinder S is full of petroleum a tap is shut between the pump and the
said cylinder.
The cylinder T contains water, saturated with chloride of sodium, for the
greatest part but at the upper part it receives a certain quantity of compressed air.
A small air pump, by the working of the machine, compresses air in this cylinder
by the tube V. A spring valve, fixed to the tube V, regulated to open at
45 lb. pressure helps to maintain on the water of the cylinder T a regular pressure
of 45 lb. per square inch. An aperture U puts in communication the two
cylinders, so that the water acts on the petroleum. The petroleum expelled by
the pressure of the water escapes through the tube W and is energetically
pulverised in the box Q.
On the tube W is a regulating tap which serves to control the quantity of
petroleum passing in the box Q.
A second tap is also placed on the same tube W and is worked by the governor
of the machine. This tap is shut when the governor opens and no more petroleum
is sent to the box Q.
The governor is regulated in such a way that it opens only when it rotates at a
speed of 400 rotations per minute.
This governor is put in rotation by a shaft carring four wheels fixed on the said
shaft and turning with it.
These wheels are of different diameters and are in gear with four corresponding
wheels on a shaft 7. The shaft 7 (Fig. 4) being acted upon by the crank shaft D
of the machine. The four wheels on shaft 7 are loose and turn freely on the said
shaft.
The shaft 7 is hollow and has a slit cut in all the part on which turn the four
wheels. In the hollow part of shaft 7 is placed a shaft 6 and this last shaft can
move in the sense of its lenght in the shaft 7. The shaft 6 has an opening in

page_text: which is placed a movable key 8. Two springs 9 act on the key 8 and push it
upwards.
All the wheels on the shaft 7 have a slit cut in them so as to receive easily the
key 8.
A lever 15 serves to make the. shaft 6 travel in the shaft 7, so that, by the aid
of the said lever, the key 8 will, at will, fix one or the other of the wheels to the
shaft 7.
The governor turns at 400 rotations when the machine turns at the same speed
if the governor is acted upon by the smallest of the wheels placed on the shaft 7,
but if it is acted upon by any other of the wheels on the shaft 7, the relation of
speed between the rotation of the governor and the rotation of the machine will
change and the governor will open for 300, or 200 or 100 rotations of the said
machine.
So by this contrivance the speed of the motor shaft of the machine can be
regulated to turn from 400 to 100 rotations a minute by changing the conditions
of the governor.
By the words motor-shaft I mean a shaft in the machine from which the power is
taken to be used.
This motor-shaft, the same as the shaft commanding the governor, has fixed to
it 4 wheels of different diameters. These wheels are in gear with four loose wheels
on another shaft 7 acted upon by the crank shaft D. This shaft 7 carries in its
hollow part another shaft 6 with a movable key 8 and the action is the same as for.
the governor.
With the aid of another lever 15 the key 8 will fix to the shaft 7 one or the
other of the wheels on said shaft and so the speed of the rotation of the motor-
shaft can at will be altered.
But in this last case on the shaft 7 are placed first a piece 13. If the key 8 is
acting on this piece, the shaft 7 will have no more action on the motor-shaft.
A wheel 14, also placed on shaft 7, acts on the motor-shaft by the aid of an
intermedial wheel, so that when this wheel 14 acts on the motor-shaft, the
movement of this shaft will he reversed.
By this disposition, with the aid of the lever 15, the motor-shaft at will rotates
at the same speed as the governor and the crank shaft when both turn at the same
speed, or the inotor-shaft will rotate at a speed, the half the third or the quarter
of the said crank shaft's speed. In this way the motor-shaft can. turn from 400
to 25 rotations per minute.
As the number of wheels can be larger or smaller and their diameter can be
what will be thought proper, in fact, one is master absolutely of the speed. The
same he will be able to stop or reverse the machine at will.
To facilitate the managing of this disposition a lever acting on the piece 15 will
be fixed against a sector in which grooves are managed to receive the end of a
locking piece fixed on the said lever.
The Fig. 6 represents a section of the shaft 7.
The Fig. 5 represents a side vue of the wheel 11 showing the action of the
key 8 in the groove of the said wheel.
Having so described the parts of my machine, I will now explain its working.
Every cylinder A. A¹ A² A³ contains a piston B. This piston has a to and
fro motion of a lenght not so long as the lenght of the cylinder so as to reserve
near the closed end a detonating chamber. The cycle of the machine gives in
each cylinder four different movements.
The first movement is the aspiration or sucking in of the detonating mixture,
through the alimentating valve box E, from the box Q
The second is the compression in the detonating chamber of the detonating
mixture.
The third movement is the sending forward of the piston by the exploding of
she detonating mixture through the action of an electric spark between the two
platinum wires in the detonator P.

page_text: The fourth movement is the expulsion of the foul gases produced by the
combustion in the cylinder. They are expelled by a return stroke of the piston
and are sent to the atmosphere through the evacuation valve and the distending
apparatus described.
The same action is produced alternatively in each cylinder, so that there is one
explosion for cach movement of the crank shaft D.
I produce the detonating mixtures by the following process:
The box Q contains the four cylinders, this box is in connection by the tube O¹
with the four alimentating valve boxes. Inside this box protrudes the tube W.
This tube W ending with a pulverising apparatus. The box Q is fitted with a
suction valve kept shut by a proper spring. Now the great pressure of the air,
in the apparatus represented Fig. 7, pushes with force the petroleum out of the,
tube W, so that, as long as the governor does not act, a spray of petroleum,
pulverised to the maximum, by the great pressure on the petroleum, will flow in
the box Q. The cohesion of the petroleum is so broken, by the very active
pulverisation, that with the heat in the box Q given by the cylinders, it is soon in
the state of a vapour.
The suction of the piston, in the stroke of alimentation, pulls in the cylinder
the detonating mixture. The suction valve admiting new air when necessary
in the box Q.
By this disposition, all the air that is necessary for the working of the four
cylinders passes through the box Q, cooling the said cylinders. All the petroleum
employed is pulverised in the said box and the calorics of transformation of this
petroleum are taken from the heat of the same cylinders, so that for small machines
the cooling by water is unnecessary.
As it is seen my new machine has the following advantages:
1. Great regularity of rotation, as it has a detonation for every movement of
the crank shaft D.
2. It does not require a cumbersome fly wheel for the above reason.
3. The speed of rotation of the motor-shaft can be regulated at will.
4. The cooling by water is unnecessary.
5. The petroleum, so often badly distilled, can be transported without danger,
which is a great advantage for the horseless carriages.
6. The machine is so easy to manage that it can be placed in the most
untrained hands.
Dated this 8th day of April 1896.
ALPHONSE EDOUARD TAVERNIER.
A New or Improved Motor Actuated by Explosions.
I ALPHONSE EDOUARD TAVERNIER, residing 23 Plato Road Brixton,
London S.W., Civil Engineer, a citizen of the Republic of France do hereby
declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:
The object of this new machine is to produce a gas or petroleum engine, in fact
a machiue working by explosions in the best possible conditions. It is also to
obtain in such machines the possibility of regulating at will the speed of
rotation.
My machine is composed of four cylinders so as to give one explosion for every
half revolution of the crank shaft.

page_text: Two cylinders are fixed in a parallel position in an inclined plau.. The two
others are placed in the same way in another plan inclined in an opposite
direction, the two plans forming an angle together.
The crank shaft has a double crank and two connecting rods of opposite pistons:
are fixed, with the proper dispositions on each of these cranks.
Two sheets of drawings with the Provisional Specification will illustrate this
specification.
The Sheet I gives a representation of a vertical section of my machine.
The Sheet II in the Fig. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6 and 7 illustrate special details of this
invention.
The four cylinders A. A' A' A³ are fixed in a special box of sheet iron Q.
Each cylinder has a thread cut at both ends and with the aid of convenient nuts,
these cylinders are solidly fixed to the box Q in openings conveniently cut in the
said box.
In every cylinder is piston B. This piston is of a particular make. It is:
composed of three parts. One part receives the special segment of this piston,-
another keeps the said segment in place. The third part is the segment itself.
This segment is composed of a steel wire of a square section, which is rolled so as
to form a spiral spring. The three pieces are kept in place by a bolt and a nut.
Every piston has a connecting rod C, the connecting rods of two opposite
pistons acting on the same baring of one of the cranks of the crank shaft. To.
each cylinder is fixed two valve-boxes E E, one has for object the alimentation of"
the detonating mixture in the cylinder, the other valve box is on the contrary for
letting out the foul gases produced by the combustion of the detonating mixture.
in the same cylinder. The valves in the valve boxes are worked by the leavers F.
Each lever F, has a friction roller G, this roller turning on the drum H. The
drum H turns with the machine at a speed of the half of the speed of the crank:
shaft. On this drum H are disposed in the required positions cams H. These
cams acting on the friction rollers G bring, by the aid of the levers F, the valves
to open. Springs properly disposed keep the valves closed, and the levers F must
overcome this resistance to open the valves.
The valve boxes are of two different sorts. The valve boxes serving for the
alimentation are connected two by two by the tubes O¹, these tubes O being in
communication, through an aperture covered by a wire gauze, with the interior of
box Q.
The valve boxes serving for the let out of the foul gases are connected by the
tubes O, the tubes O communicating with a special apparatus for the issue in the
atmosphere of the said foul gases. This special apparatus is composed of a
conical piece perced with small holes on its periphery and opening in a box in
which it is fixed. This box by convenient apertures is in communication with'
the atmosphere. The object of this last apparatus is to supress in the let out the
noise and pressure.
The box contains a snifting or aspiration valve closed by a convenient spring.
In this box projects the end of the tube W (Sheet II Fig. 7) this tube W
terminating by a proper pulverising apparatus.
Each cylinder has fixed to it the two valve boxes E E and also a small
detonator P. The detonator P (Sheet 11 Fig. 3) is composed of a recipient 3 in
which are fixed two small insulating pieces 2 in porcelain or steatite. These
insulating pieces 2 are traversed by a wire of platinum 4 and small nuts on these
platinum wires, forin the electric terminus of the apparatus. The detonators P
are communicating with the interior of the cylinder on which they are placed, the
upper part being shut by a screw 1.
In the middle of the drum H is a part I in ebonite and with the assistance of
the electrodes J. J. J. J. and the contact pieces K this part I forms the electric
distributor to the detonators P. By the help of a source of electricity and this'
distributor I an electric spark is produced at the proper moment between the.
$
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:

page_text: platinum wires of each of the detonators P. The source of electricity employed
may be a small magneto or dynamo put in motion by the machine itself, or an
accumulator. The process I prefer is an accumulator which is properly fed by a
small dynamo or magneto turning with the machine.
If the machine is burning petroleum or any other liquid hydrocarburet, I store
this liquid in a special apparatus (Sheet 2 Fig. 7). This apparatus is composed of
a cylinder S contained in a second cylinder T.
The container S is filled with petroleum. It is filled by a special tube, fixed at
one end, and the petroleum is forced in the cylinder S by a small hand pump.
A glass tube forming a gauge is placed at the other end of the cylinder S
and protrudes out of the cylinder T. When the cylinder S is full of petroleum
a tap is shut between the pump and the said cylinder.
The cylinder T contains water, saturated with chloride of sodium, for the
greatest part, but on the top it receives a certain quantity of compressed air.
A small air pump, by the working of the machine, can compress air in this
cylinder T by the tube V. A spring valve regulated to open at 45 lb. pressure
per square inch, helps to maintain on the water of the cylinder T a regular
pressure of 45 lb. An aperture U puts in communication the two cylinders, so
that the water brings to the petroleum the pressure of the compressed air. The
petroleum under that pressure escapes through the tube W and is energetically
pulverised in the box Q.
On the tube W is a regulating tap which serves to control the quantity of
petroleum passing in the box Q.
A second tap is also placed on the same tube W and is worked by the action of
the governor of the machine. When the governor openes no more petroleum is
sent in the box Q. This governor is constructed in such a way that it will open
only at a speed of 400 revolutions per minute. This governor is put in rotation
by a shaft carring four wheels fixed on the said shaft and turning with it. These
wheels of different diameters are in gear with four corresponding wheels on a
shaft 7, the shaft 7 being acted upon by the crank shaft of the machine. The four
wheels 10. 11. 12. 13. are loose and turn freely on the said shaft. The shaft 7 is
hollow and a slit is cut in it in all the part on which the wheels turn.
In the hollow part of the shaft 7 is placed a shaft 6 and this shaft 6 can move
in the sense of its length in the said hollow shaft 7. The shaft 6 has an opening
in which is placed a movable key 8. Two springs 9 act ou the key 8 and push it
upwards. All the wheels on shaft 7 have a slit cut in them so as to receive
easily the key 8. A lever 15 serves to make the shaft 6 travel in the hollow
shaft 7, so that by the aid of lever 15 the key 8 will, at will, fix one or the other
of the wheels to the shaft 7.
The governor turns at 400 rotations when the machine turns at 400 rotations
but only if the governor' is driven by the smallest of the wheels placed on the
shaft 7. But if the governor is driven by any other of the wheels on the same
shaft 7 it will rotate at 400 revolutions per minute when the crank shaft of the
machine is turning only at 300 revolutions or at 200 or at 100, this depending of
the wheel acting on the governor.
The governor opening at 400 revolutions, by this contrivance the speed of the
motor can be regulated from 400 to 100 revolutions per minute.
If I call motor-shaft a shaft from which the power is taken from the machine
to be used, a disposition similar to the one just described will give the possibility
of changing the speed of the motor shaft without changing the speed of the crank
shaft.
The motor shaft has fixed to it 5 wheels of different diameters. These wheels
are in gear with 5 wheels loose on another shaft 7 acted upon by the crank
shaft D.
This shaft 7 carries in its hollow part a shaft 6 with a movable key 8 and the
action is the same as for the governor. And so the speed of rotation of the motor

page_text: shaft can at will be altered. If the key is acting on the piece 13, the shaft 7 will
have no more action on the motor-shaft. A wheel 14 acts on the motor-shaft by
the aid of an intermediate wheel so that when this wheel 14 acts on the motor-
shaft the movement of this shaft will be reversed.
By this special disposition to drive the governor and an analogue disposition to
drive the motor-shaft it will be possible to bring the rotation of the motor-shaft
from 400 revolutions per minute to 25.
As the number of wheels can be larger or smaller and their diameter can be
what will be thought proper, one is the master to regulate the speed at will, to stop
at once or to reverse the sense of rotation.
Fig. 6 represents a section of the shaft 7, of the wheels on the said shaft, of the
shaft 6, and of the springs 9 and the key 8.
Fig 5 represents a side view of the wheel 11 showing the action of the key 8 in.
the groove of the said wheel.
Having so described the parts of my machine, I will now explain its working.
Every cylinder A. A A A contains a piston B. This piston has a to and fro-
motion of a length not so long as the length of the cylinder so as to reserve near
the closed end of the said cylinder a detonating chamber.
The cycle of the machine gives in the cylinder 4 different movements.
The first movement is the aspiration or sucking in of the detonating mixture.
through the alimentating valve box E and from the box Q.
The second movement of the piston compresses the detonating mixture in the
detonating chamber.
It is caused
The third movement of the same piston is the working movement.
by the detonation of the explosive mixture by the action of an electric spark.
This explosion forces the piston forward and work is done on the crank shaft.
The fourth movement of the piston expels the foul gases, produced by the explosion,.
from the cylinder. These gases are sent in the atmosphere through the valve box
for evacuation and through the distending and silencing apparatus described in the
first half of page 4.
The same four movements are alternatively produced in every one of the four-
cylinders so that there is one explosion for each half rotation of the crank
shaft D.
I produce the detonating mixtures by the following process:
In the box Q, the four cylinders are fixed. The box Q is in communication.
through the tubes O with the four alimentating valve boxes. In the said box Q
protrudes the tube W, this tube W ending with a pulverising apparatus. The
box Q is also fitted with a suction valve kept shut by a proper spring.
The liquid hydrocarburet employed in this machine, is stored in the cylinder S
Fig. 7, the tube W going from this cylinder to the box Q. The liquid is
compressed at a high pressure by the compressed air, so that, when necessary,.
the hydrocarburet will form in the box Q a spray of liquid pulverised to a
maximuni by the great pressure of the air. The cohesion of the liquid is so broken
by this very active pulverisation, so that with the heat produced by the friction.
in the pulverising apparatus and the heat in the box Q, given by the cylinders, it is
soon in the state of a vapour.
The suction of the piston, in the stroke of alimentation pulls in the cylinder the
detonating mixture, the detonating mixture being made by the mixture of the
vapours of the hydrocarburet and the air admitted in the box Q by the suction.
valve.
By this disposition all the air that is necessary for the working of the four.
cylinders passes through the box Q, cooling the cylinders of the machine, and all
the hydocarburet employed is pulverised in the same box Q so that all the calorics.
of transformation of this liquid are taken from the heat of the same cylinders, to
these two cooling actions is necessarily joined the loss of heat by radiation, so that
for small forces the cooling by circulation of water is not necessary.

page_text: Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :
1. My motor as it has been described with its special organs and dispositions.
2. The special process of pulverising the petrolcum or hydrocarburet employed
in the middle of the four cylinders in the box Q.
3. My special mode of storing petroleum and pulverising it by the action of
compressed air acting by the intermission of water as described.
4. My special way of cooling the cylinders in the box Q as described.
5. The changing of speed of the machine by changing the conditions of the
governors as described.
Dated this 10th day of January 1897.
ALPHONSE EDOUARD TAVERNIER.