IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR EXTRACTING, FAT, GREASE GLUE, OR OIL, FROM BONES, WOOL, OR OTHER GREASY SUBSTANCES
Year: 1884

page_text: I WILHELM BUTTNER of Gummersbach in the Empire of Germany Engineer do
hereby declare the nature of my said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS
FOR EXTRACTING, FAT, GREASE GLUE, OR OIL, FROM BONES, WOOL, OR OTHER
GREASY SUBSTANCES," and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement:―
My invention consists of improvements in apparatus, and in the means for
extracting fat, from bones, wool, and other greasy substances, by means of liquid
and evaporating solutions, such as benzine, in the means for purifying the fat, and
in the drying of the bones in the extractor, the advantages of this apparatus, and
of this procedure, are as follows.
By means of the combination hereinafter described, and represented in the
drawings, it is possible to extract fat from, bones wool or other fatty substances, by
means of direct and indirect, application of steam, in the first procedure steam is
conducted direct into the extractor, and whereas in the second merely the heat of
the steam is used to extract the fat.
In the latter case the bones or other substances do not come in contact with the
steam at all, and therefore this procedure offers the advantages, that the substances
from which the fat is to be extracted do not lose their component amount of
glue and nitrogen and further the manufacturer is not troubled with the dirty
water.
Fig. 1 shows front elevation of my improved apparatus in direct contact with
the substances to be operated upon. In this apparatus, the principle attention
must be paid towards effecting as close a connection as possible between the
materials, the fat is to be extracted from, and the solutions or benzine. For this
purpose I employ in the upper part of the apparatus A, a ring shaped vessel a in
connection with a steam worm b, a cock, c, and a tube d.
The solutions collected in the vessel C are therefore conducted through tube d,
and cock c, into the ring shaped vessel a, where they mingle with the steam
vapours atreaming out of the worm b and as the benzine now turned into vapour,
streams out and downwards they are brought into contact with the materials,
bones, wool, and other greasy substances, from which fat is to be extracted.
Prine 027

page_text: The air suction apparatus e sucks the vapours out of the extractor A again, and
conducts them through cock f, into the worm g into the condenser B, and in liquid
state into the reservoir of the vessel C out of which the benzine again comes
into the ring shaped vessel a in order that the steam can again take its circular
course. Owing to the fact that the air suction apparatus e applied to the lower
part of the extractor, allows the vapour to escape, and owing to the fact, that
continually new vapours are engendered in the upper part of the apparatus A
rests in the ring-shaped vessel a the materials contained in the extractor A come
repeatedly and intimately closer in contact with the solutions. As long as cock o
remains closed the evaporation of the benzine takes place below and the vapours
stream upwards. If however cock c is opened, the evaporation of the benzine
takes place passing upwards in the reservoir a the vapours stream or pass
downwards.
Fig. 2 shews front elevation of my apparatus modified.
By means of a water-jet condenser i without special cooling-apparatus and
without admittance of direct steam into the extractor A the solution is sucked out
of the latter and conducted to it again after having been condensed on the way and
separated from the water.
Bone fat, which as is well known, becomes very impure and full of mud and
dirt of the condensing water when treated direct with steam is cleaned by
employing filtering material which is laid on a second draining-bottom k so that
the fat collected under the second draining-bottom k is perfectly free of mud. In
addition to this the fat collected under the second draining-bottom k is cleaned
once more in the extractor A the water is drawn from it and the offensive gases
are sucked up by the water-jet condenser i so that the fat extracted is quite free
of mud and smell. By the suction of a vacuum under the second draining-bottom k
the filtering of the fat through the filtering-material on the draining-bottom k can
be hastened materially, then again by suction of the air from under the first
draining-bottom the solutions can with ease be sucked through dust or meallike
material such as wool-dust, seed-meal, bone-dust. In addition to this the bones
can be dried directly in the extractor A so that special drying or kiln-drying of
the bones is superfluous.
The extraction of the fat is effected in the following way:
The extractor A is filled with bones and closed hermetically; through cock m
direct steam is then let into the space n and into the tubes o whereby the moist
air formed by the bones getting warm is sucked up at 9 by the steam-jet
ventilator p. When the water and the moist air have for the greater part been
driven out of the extractor A and the bones, cock r is opened to tubes cock t to
tube u, and cock v to tube w, and by means of water-jet condenser i the remaining
air is sucked so long out of the extractor A and the bones untill a sufficient vacuum
is formed in the extractor A, upon which cock r is closed to tube x. By opening
cock y to tube z, the benzine contained in the space D of the vessel F, ascends in
the tube E penetrates into worm L which is perforated at the bottom, into the
extractor A and falls like rain on the airless, dry and hot bones and is absorbed
till they are full; then the remainder of the benzine is let into the vessel a through
tube and evaporates there. Now, with help of the water-jet condenser i the
vapours of the benzine are sucked from above to below through the extractor A,
through tube cock cock t and tube u to water-jet condenser i on their way
from i to the vessel F they are condensed by the water of the water-jet condenser i
and are collected with the working water in a liquid state in the space G of the
vessel F.
The greater part of the water runs off through tube H whereas the benzine rans
through tube I into the space K The water that has run over into space K. is
carried by a tube (not represented in the drawing), whereas the pure benzine flows
into space D, in order after formation of the vacuum to be let again into the worm L
and the vessel a as before.

page_text: After these procedings have been repeated some times or after the extraction of
fat is over the solution is driven out by means of indirect steam in the manner
before described and collected in the space D of the vessel F in order to be
employed again by the next operation.
In space M underneath the draining-bottom k a vacuum is then formed by
opening cock to tube N, by means of the water-jet condenser i and the fat still
lying on the filtering stratum is thus drawn through whereby the offensive gases in
the fat are entirely expelled.
By means of the before described invention it is rendered possible after
extraction of the fat from the bones to densify the liquid glue direct in the
extractor A and this densifying is carried out simultaneously with the drying of
the bones in the extractor A.
A special apparatus for densifying is thus unnecessary and is economical,
occupies little space, and the glue taken out of the extractor, is ready for use. The
extraction of the glue is commenced with as soon as the fat has been run off. The
bones are then steamed again for a short time from above to below, and when a
certain pressure is developed in the extractor, by which means the glue dissolves,
cock is opened to tube N tube s cock t, condenser i cock v to o and the steam let
out by the latter.
A strong current of vapours from above to below is thus caused through the
extractor, which forces the glue violently along with it downwards and through
the filtering-stratum, and in this manner it is at the same time cleaned of the
small particles of bone.
For the purpose of drying the bones and densifying the glue in the extractor
pressed steam is let into the latter by cock m and air by cock t while the fresh air
is sucked out of the extractor by means of the steam-jet ventilator p so long till
the bones are perfectly dry, so that they can be ground directly without any
special kiln-drying. A sample piece, is taken out at P to see if the glue is ready
densified and if so it is let off at P.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is
1) The employment of the ring-shaped vessel a placed in the upper part of the
extractor in connection with the steam-worm b (fig 1.).
2) The combination of the extractor A with the vessel a tube d and cock c
(fig. 1).
3) The manufacture and employment of extractors for fat extracting apparatus
consisting of the steam-room n formed by the two concentric cylinders R and S and
a system of heating-tubes o, o, o . . . both ends of which run into n and thus form
with it an uninterrupted steam conduit and which arrangement serves to heat more
perfectly the materials from which fat is to be extracted.
4) The combination of the arrangement claimed under with the designed
system of tubes and cocks working in the manner described and consisting of
tubes M, x, a, u and cocks r, t, v, and the water-jet condensator i and finally with a
vessel for the solutions divided into three or more parts.
5) The cleaning of the offensive gases out of it by employing one or more
draining-bottoms k covered with filtering-stratums.
6) The procedure described for extracting fat and for heating bones, wool and
other greasy materials and the expulsion of the solutions from the extractor by
means of indirect steam.
7) The means by which, for the purpose of extracting fat entirely from bones,
wool and the like the air is sucked out of the extractor by means of appropriate
apparatus, ns shewn and described.
8) The drying of bones and the like in the extractor by conducting warm or hot
air into it and by sucking out the moist air by means of a ventilator p.

page_text: 9) The means for gaining and densifying glue in the extractor itself likewise
the means for drying the bones without kiln-drying and consisting therein that
the bones are exposed for a short time to a pressure of steam passing from above to
below in order to obtain a current in the same direction, namely from above to
below by opening the cocks r, t and v, which current, drives the solved glue
tlirough the filtering-stratum whereby it is cleaned of mud and particles of bone,
and further in the arrangement of a pressure of steam (by cock m and of air which
are sucked up by an air-suction apparatus p.