Improvements in and relating to Machines for Forging Horse-shoe Nails.
Year: 1892

page_text: Date of Application, 25th Oct., 1892-Accepted, 3rd Dec., 1892
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and relating to Machines for Forging Horse-shoe
Nails.
1, DAVID FRANCIS WILLIAMS, a citizen of the United States of America,
residing at No. 126 State Street, in the City and County of Albany, and State of
New York, one of the United States of America, Machinist, do hereby declare the
nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
The invention relates to that class of horse-shoe nail machines in which the nails
are produced by what is termed "forging;" that is, by a gradual reduction of a
nail-rod to the required shape, and my invention consists in the mode and means
hereinafter set forth, whereby the end of the stationary rod is rapidly formed into
the shape of a finished nail, bevelled, pointed, and ready to drive; or, into a nail-
blank, to be finished by subsequent operations, and the finished blank then detached
from the rod.
The special object of my invention is to rapidly forge the blanks, or produce
nails of a uniform size, length and shape, with compact and well finished points,
and finish the nail when it is severed from the rod.
The forging machines heretofore used may be separated into three classes; first,
those which fashion the nail between dies, commonly rolling-dies; second, those
which fashion the nail between impacting dies or hammers, and third, those which
fashion the nail by successive blows from a roller of small diameter carried upon a
revolving shaft. I do not deem it necessary to describe the difference in effect
which these modes exert upon the metal under treatment. It will be sufficient to
point out that my invention belongs to the third class, and that in connection with
the striking mechanism, the blows of the small roller carried upon the revolving
shaft over a stationary anvil, closely simulates in its method and effect, the blow of
the hand hammer upon metal resting upon a stationary anvil, because its first
impact is against the nail-rod at a distance from the end, and its action is upon the
iron in a direction from the place of impact forward toward said end. The iron is
thereby drawn out in front of the advancing roller just as the iron is drawn out in
front of the hand hammer, the blows of which are delivered successively advancing
toward the point. But the herein-described machine is distinguished from said
machines, primarily, by the fact that said machines stop short of completing the
nail at one operation, while the machine which forms the subject-matter of the
present application, will point, bevel, and straighten the nail, and thereby overcome
the necessity of finishing the nails by a subsequent operation.
One object of this invention, is to provide means whereby a minimum motion is
imparted to the nail-rod to bring it to the cutters and feed it forward automatically
to a distance determined by the length of the nail to be made, said distance being
made variable by an adjustable stop so that nails of various lengths may be forged
in one and the same machine, and the invention has for its further object, certain
improvements in the manner of operating said feeding devices, as well as the
releasing of the rod, when it is desired to move the same.
The invention has for a further object to save the usual labor incident to pre-
heating short nail-rods, and the carrying of such rods at comparatively short
intervals from the pre-heating furnace to the machine. This I accomplish by
providing a reel upon which is placed a coil of continuous nail-rod, the end of which
is passed and fed automatically through a furnace placed upon the machine and so
constructed as to give sufficient heat to heat the end of the nail-rod, from which the
nails are forged, to the proper temperature, when it reaches the forging
mechanism.
To these ends, and to such others as the invention may pertain, the same consists

page_text: in the combination with the forging device, of a combined anvil and beveller, in
combination with the forging and finishing devices, of mechanism for carrying the
nail end of the rod from one to the other of said devices; in the combination with
the forging device, of a reel for the reception of a continuous nail-rod, and a furnace
for heating the rod and maintaining the proper temperature, and in the combination
with the forging mechanism, of feeding devices and a device for holding the nail-
rod during the operation of forging and finishing, and severing the nails from the
rod in the combination with the forging device, of a punch and dies, which fashion
the point of the nail when it is severed from the rod, and the stationary and
movable guides which serve to hold the point in position during such operation.
The invention consists finally in certain details of construction, and in com-
binations of co-operative parts or elements, substantially as hereinafter described,
shown in the accompanying drawings, and then specifically defined in the appended
claims.
The invention is clearly illustrated in the accompanying drawings, which, with
the letters of reference marked thereon form a part of this Specification, like letters
of reference indicating the same parts throughout the several views, and in which
drawings
Figure 1 is a side elevation of one side of a nail making machine embodying my
improvements.
Figure 2 is a like view of the opposite side of the machine.
Figure 3 is a top plan view of the machine with the main shaft removed, in
order to more clearly show the operating parts of the machine.
Figure 4 is a front view of the machine.
Figure 5 is a rear view of the same.
Figure 6 is a central, vertical, longitudinal section through the machine.
Figure 7 is a transverse section of the machine upon the line 7, 7, of Figure 6.
Figure 8 is an enlarged detail view of the pitman for operating the striking
hammer carrying the movable die.
Figure 9 is a section on the line 9, 9 of Figure 8.
Figure 10 is an enlarged detail plan view of the die block and the various
portions of the forging mechanism connected therewith.
Figure 11 is a side elevation of the-same.
Figure 12 is a like view of the opposite side.
Figure 13 is a transverse section through the die-block, upon the line 13, 13, of
Figure 12.
Figure 14 is a side elevation of the punch-carrier, the same being shown upon
an enlarged scale.
Figure 15 is a rear view of the same.
Figure 16 is a plan view of the same.
Figure 17 is a detail perspective view of the horizontal gibs and adjusting block.
Figure 18 is a side elevation of the upper portion of the nose-piece-carrier, upon
an enlarged scale.
Figure 19 is a front elevation of the same, also upon an enlarged scale.
Figure 20 is a plan view of the same, partly in section, showing the end of the
nail-rod held in position upon the anvil.
Figure 21 is a detail plan view upon an enlarged scale, of the gripper and
feeding mechanism.
Figure 22 is a front view of the same, partly in section.
Figures 23 and 24 are detailed views of portions of the gripper and feeding
mechanism.
Figure 25 is a side elevation of the nail-rod-reel, the same being shown partly in
section.
Figure 26 is a section through the same.
Reference now being had to the details of the drawings by letter, A, designates
the main or supporting frame of the machine, which may be of any suitable con-
struction adapted to receive, and sustain the operating parts; .1,. 1, designate

page_text: standards rising from the main frame near its rear end, said standards being
provided with journal bearings for the main or driving shaft, B.
B, designates the main or driving shaft provided at its outer end with drive
pulley, 2, and about mid-way between its bearings, with roller-hammer, C.
The roller hammer, C, consists of a disk, 3, secured to the main shaft and
provided with a diametrical opening through which passes the roller-stock, 4, said
roller stock being enlarged and recessed at one end to receive the small roller, 5,
which comes in direct contact with the nail-rod, when the blow is imparted. The
enlarged portion of the roller-stock is square and enters a correspondingly shaped
recess in the periphery of the disk, 3, thus preventing the roller-stock from
turning.
The opposite end of the roller-stock is screw-threaded, and is provided with a
nut, 6, by means of which the hammer is readily adjusted.
D, designates the counter shaft, journaled in bearings secured to the sides of
the main-frame, A, motion being imparted to said shaft by means of the gear-
wheel, 7, secured to its outer end, meshing with the pinion, 8, on the outer end of
the main drive shaft. The shaft, D, is directly under the main shaft and is
provided with a series of cams, the offices of which will hereinafter appear.
E, designates the die-block, formed of solid metal and provided with recesses
and guide-ways for the reception of the parts of the forging mechanism to be
presently described. The die-block is supported by a V-shaped rest, a, on the
side of the main frame, A, said rest entering a correspondingly shaped recess, b,
formed in the under side of the block, being held in place by bolts, c, passing
through its upper edge into the main frame.
9, is the solid stationary anvil upon which the nail is forged. It is secured in a
dove-tailed seat formed in the upper face of the block, and lies directly in the
plane of revolution of the roller-hammer, C, the roller, 5, of which comes within
a short distance (the thickness of a nail) of the upper surface of said anvil. The
upper face of the anvil is concaved, with a slightly flattened portion, 10, at its
front end, to give proper form to the head of the nail.
flattened. It is provided
11, is the beveller, upon which the point of the nail
for this purpose with an inclined surface, 12, upon its upper face, which practically
forms a part of the anvil. The anvil and beveller are seated in the same recess
and secured in position by the set-screw, 13. The height of the beveller is
regulated by means of a set-screw, 14.
I will now proceed to describe the dies employed in forming the sides of the
nail.
F, is the movable-die, secured to the striking-hammer 15, said hammer swinging
upon centres 16, 16, adjustably secured in the cross-heads, 17. The striking-
hammer and die are of the usual construction.
G, is the pitman for operating the striking hammer. It is formed of two
parts, 18 and 19, secured together by bolts, as shown in Figure 8. The upper end
of the pitman is turned to receive the journal boxes, 20, which surround the
eccentric upon the main shaft, by means of which the pitman is actuated, and is
provided with a cap. 21, for holding the several parts in position. The lower end
of the pitman, G, is bored out end ways to receive the noddle-pin box, 22, the
lower half of which forms a cap. The socket, 23, formed in the lower box, receives
the ball, 24, on the arm, 25, of the striking hammer. The revolution of the
eccentric upon the main shaft, through the medium of the pitman, G, causes the
striking hammer to deliver the blow at proper intervals upon the side of the nail,
the face of the die, F, secured to the said hammer being ground to impart the
desired shape to one side of the nail as it lies upon the anvil.
H, is a stationary die set in an opening in the die-block at an angle of about
twenty-five degrees and secured in position by set-screws 26 and 27. The vertical
face of this die is ground to conform to that of the movable companion die, F, the
two dies, F, and H, uniting to' impart the desired shape to the sides of the nail,
(see Figures 3 and 13).

page_text: I, I, are the shearing dies, consisting of two steel bars set at an angle in recesses
formed in the upper part of the die-block, and secured in position by the cap or
plate, 29 and bolt, 30. These dies meet and are bevelled at their forward ends
forming a wedge-shaped cutting edge, through which the point of the nail is
forced, as will presently be shown, thereby shearing and finishing the same.
shearing-dies are adjusted by means of set screws, 31.
The
The
J, is the lower cutter for severing the finished nail from the nail-rod. It is
formed of a bar of steel, set in a recess formed in the die-block, and is inclined at
an angle of about thirty degrees. The upper end, 32, of this cutter is journaled
to present a square cutting edge to the nail-rod just in front of the finished nai!
after said nail has been lifted from the anvil and brought into position over the
shearing dies by the action of the nose-piece to be presently described.
recess, 33, see Figure 11, in which the lower cutter, J, is secured, is wedge-shaped,
the cutter lying against the front face, while the remainder of the recess is filled by
the securing wedge, 34. The lower end of the wedge, 34, extends beyond the side
face of the die-block, E, and is provided with a flat head 35, through which pass
set-screws, 36, and 37, the former screwing into the side face of the die-block,
serves to force in the wedge, while the latter bearing against said face, serves to
draw the wedge out; the two serving as a ready means of adjustment for the
wedge.
The cutter, J, is further secured by the set-screw, 38.
K (Figures 10-17) is the punch-carrier, and, L, is the punch, whose office is to
force the finished nail down between the shearing dies, 1, and upon the edge, 32,
of the lower cutter, J, thereby shearing the point and severing the nail from the
nail-rod.
The punch-carrier, K, slides vertically between V-shaped guides, 33 and 34, set
in a vertical opening in the die-block, E. The guide, 33, is stationary, while the
guide 34 is adjusted by means of set-screws, 35. The upper horizontal portion of
the punch-carrier is slightly off-set from the lower vertical portion, forming a head
which is provided with a horizontal dove-tailed recess for the reception of the
punch-holder, M.
The punch-holder, M, is formed in two parts, 36, 36, secured together by screws,
and recessed at their forward ends to receive the punch, L, said punch being passed
through the recess and securely clamped by means of the bolt, 37 (Figures 10-17).
The horizontal adjustment of the punch is effected by means of set-screws, 38,
which bear against the rear ends of horizontal gibs, 39, lying in the dove-tailed
recess on either side of the punch-holder, M. The forward ends of the gibs, 39,
bear against the block, 40, which is in contact with the punch, L. The block 40
is seated in a vertical recess, 41, in the punch-carrier, said opening being sufficiently
large to allow for the necessary adjustment of the punch. The block, 40 is reduced
at its central portion, leaving heads at either end, against which the gibs bear,
and which also serve to retain the block 40 in position (Figures 14 and 16).
The screw 42, acts in opposition to the screw, 38, in drawing the punch, L, and
block 40 back firmly against the ends of the gibs, 39, the whole being secured in
the adjusted position by set-screws, 42. The lower portion of the punch-carrier is
provided with a vertical dove-tailed recess, 43, within which slides the vertical
extension of the L-shaped roller arm, 44, the punch-carrier being vertically
adjusted on said extension by means of the set-screw 45. The horizontal extension
of arm 44, provided with a roller, 46, which connects with the upper edge of the
cam 47, ou counter shaft, D, (see Figure 6); 48 is a lever, pivoted between
ears, 49, at the rear end of the machine and provided at its forward end with a
roller, 50, which contacts with the lower edge of the 'cam 47. The lever, 48, is
connected near its free end with the L-shaped arm 44, of the punch-carrier, by
means of the link 51. It will thus be seen that when the cam 47 revolves the
contact of roller 46 on its upper, and roller 50 on its lower edge, will impart a
positive motion, both up and down, to the punch carrier K.
N (Figures 10 and 13) is the stationary die, which serves to hold the, nail in

page_text: position over the shearing dies, before the descent of the punch L. It is secured
to the upper face of the die-block, E, by bolt 52, and adjusted by set-serew 53.
The face of this guide adjacent to the punch, L, is ground to conform to the
shape of the said punch, a horizontal section of which is shown in Figure 13 of the
drawings.
O, is the movable guide, which acts with the stationary guide, N. To hold the
nail in position, it is capable of both horizontal and vertical movement, in order to
clear the nail rod while the latter is being transferred from the anvil to its position
over the shearing-dies, 1. The movable guide, O, is secured at its rear end to the
upper end of the vertical rod 54, sliding in suitable bearings, 55, upon the rear end
of the machine.
The lower end of rod 54 is embraced by the forked end of the lever, 56, said
lever being held in place by adjusting nuts, 57, and pivoted at its opposite end
between ears secured to the cross-head, 17, see Figure 6.
:
The lever, 56, is provided mid-way of its length with a roller, 58, which contacts
with a cam, 59, on the counter-shaft, D. It will be seen that the movable die is
drawn down at proper intervals against the tension of the coiled spring, 60, by the
revolution of cam, 59. The movable guide, O, also swings horizontally upon the
rod 54, being connected near its center by the horizontal link, 51, with the upper
end of the lever, 62, pivoted at 63, and carrying at its lower end a roller, 64, which
contacts with a cam-surface, 65, on the inner face of the large cam-wheel, 66,
secured to the outer end of the counter-shaft, D. The cam, 65, acts against the
tension of the nut-spring, 69, secured to the lower end of the vertical rod, 54, and
bearing against the side of the lever, 56, and serves to bring the movable guide to
its normal position. The end of this guide adjacent to the punch, is also ground
to conform thereto. The lateral motion of movable guide, O, being limited by the
set-screw, 68, on lever 62.
P, (Figures 10 and 13) is the former, upon which the nail is straightened, after
being severed from the nail-rod and forced between the shearing-dies, I. It slides
in a dove-tailed recess in the upper face of the die-block, E, and is provided with
a laterally extending stem 70, which passes through the plate, 71, secured to the
standard, 1.
A coiled spring, 72, is sleeved upon the stem, 70, between plate; 71, and former, P,
which serves to return the latter to its position under the shearing-dies after being
drawn out to allow the finished nail to drop out through the opening, 72' in the
die-block, E. The former, P, is operated by the lever, 73, pivoted at its center to
the upper end of the stem, 74, which stemn passes down through the die-block, E,
and is provided with a forwardly extending arm, 75, carrying roller, 76, which.
contacts with the cam, 77 on the counter-shaft, D.
Q is the scraper for removing the waste from the shearing dies, 1. It consists of
a thin bar of spring metal secured at its rear end to the die-block. The forward
end of the scraper is flattened horizontally and bent to lie in position over the
upper surface of the shearing dies. The rear end of lever, 73, is provided with a
set-screw, 78, the head of which bears against the scraper, Q. It will be seen that.
the movement of the lever, 73, serves to draw back the former, allowing the
finished nail to fall and also advance the scraper over the shearing dies, removing
the waste.
79 is a flat spring secured to the rear face of the die-block, and extending
forward along the inner face of the same, is bent upward and provided with a
lateral extension, 80, upon which the nail rod rests. The tension of spring 79
serving to raise the nail-rod from the anvil after receiving the blow from the roller
haminer, and bringing it into position for the side stroke of the movable die, E.
The tension and height of the spring, 79, is regulated by a set-screw, 81, passing
through a lug, 82, on the die-block, E.
R, (Figures 18, 19 and 20) is the nose-piece for guiding the end of the nail-rod S,
and holding it in proper position for forging and finishing the nail.. The nose piece

page_text: is of the well-known form, its sides converging toward the rear end to fit closely
around the nail-rod, though allowing said rod to slide freely therein. The nose-
piece, R, is secured by bolts to the nose-piece holder, 83, which is pivoted through
ears 84, by a bolt, 85, to the upper end of the nose-piece carriage, 86. The nose-
piece carriage is pivoted at its lower end between adjustable centres, 87, secured to
the side-brace, 88, of the machine, and is given an oscillating motion by means of
an adjustable link connection, 89, with the outer arm, 90, of lever 91. The
lever, 91, is pivoted at 92 between ears formed on the brace, 88, and is formed with
two arms, 90 and 93, extending one on either side of the large cam wheel, 66. The
arm, 93, is provided at its upper end with roller, 94, which contacts with the cam
surface, 95, on the inner face of the cam wheel, while the lever, 90, carries near its
center the roller, 96, which contacts with the cam surface, 97, on the outer surface
of the cam wheel, 66.
In order to compensate for wear, the roller, 96, is not secured directly to arm, 90,
but between the ears formed upon the upper end of the flat spring-bar, 98, which
bar is bolted to the arm, 90. A set-screw, 99, passing through arm, 90, and against
the free end of spring-bar 98, serves to adjust the roller, 96.
It will be seen that the revolution of the cam surfaces, 95 and 97, through the
medium of lever, 91, and link 89, causes the nose-piece carriage to oscillate on
centres, 87.
As. before stated, the nail after being forged upon the anvil, is lifted by the nose-
piece up over the stationary die, and into position over the shearing dies. This is
accomplished in the following manner. Near the lower end of the nose-piece
carriage, 86, is pivoted the bell-crank lever,. 100, the upper end of which is
connected by adjustable link connection, 101, with lever, 102, pivoted at 103
between ears secured near the rear end of the machine. Lever 102 is provided near
its center with roller, 104, which contacts with the cam surface, 105; on the outer
face of cam-wheel, 66. The lower or horizontal arm of bell-crank lever, 100, is
pivoted to the vertical rod 105, the upper end of which is forked, to embrace the
stud or pin in the nose-piece holder.
It will be seen that the revolution of the cam, 66, by means of the mechanism
just described, first elevates the nose-piece above the plane of the stationary die,
and then swings the entire nose-piece carriage laterally, in order to bring the nail
into position over the shearing dies, the guard, d, on roller hammer disk, C,
preventing the nail-rod from lifting too high. The nose piece is elevated against
the tension of the coiled spring, 107.
The grip and feeding mechanism for feeding the continuous nail-rod forward'
through the furnace and upon the anvil, is situated at the front end of the machine,
and will now be described.
T, designates the base-piece extending across the front end of the machine, and
which supports the stationary grip, 108, and the movable feed-grip, 109; these grips
being similar in construction. The flat spring, 110, is secured at one end to the
base-piece, T, and at its free end is provided with a cutical head 111, through which
passes the horizontal bolt, 112. The end of this bolt, which projects through
head, 111, is provided with a vertical slot, through which passes the gripping
blade, 113, chisel-edged at its lower end, which comes in contact with the nail-
rod, S, as shown in Figures 3 and 6. One edge of the gripping blade, 113, enters
a vertical groove 114, in the head (Figure 24) and is clamped firmly in position,
after being adjusted by means of a nut, 115. The flat spring 110, holds the grip
firmly in contact with the nail-rod, S, clamping said rod between the grip blade and
the steel plate, 116, secured to the base.
.117 is a lever of the first class lying parallel with flat spring, 110, provided at
its point of fulcrum with a small heel or projection, 118, which enters a recess in
the base piece. The forward end of this lever is provided with a projecting step
or lug, extending under the free end of flat spring, 110. The rear end of lever, 117,
is connected by an adjustable link, 119, with lever, 120, pivoted to the side of the

page_text: machine at 121, and carrying at its rear end the roller, 122, which contacts with the
cam, 123, on the outer shaft, D. The lever and connecting link just described, are
alike in both grips, so that only one set have been described.
It will be seen that the revolution of the cam, 123, through the medium of the
levers, 120, and links 119, serve to operate the prying levers, 117, thereby lifting
the free ends of the flat springs, 110, and releasing the grip from the nail rod at
proper intervals.
The stationary grip, 108, is secured directly to the base-piece, T, while the feed
grip, 109, is carried by the horizontal lever, 124, pivoted to the base-piece at 125,
and lying along the upper face thereof. The free end of this lever slides in a
boxing through the side of which passes a gauge-screw, 126, for limiting the throw
of the lever. A horizontal link, 127, connects the grip-lever, 124, with another
lever, 128, pivoted at 129, to the main frame, and carrying at its lower end a
roller, 130, which contacts with the periphery of the large camn wheel, 66, on the
shaft, D. A heavy coiled spring, 131, one end of which is attached to the lever, 128,
serves to hold the roller, 130, in contact with the cam wheel, 66, which spring is
provided with the well-known means for regulating the tension, as shown.
While the nail is being forged, the nail-rod is held firmly by the gripping
mechanism, but when the nail-rod is to be fed forward, the stationary grip, 108, is
raised by the action of its prying lever, as before described, allowing the rod to be
carried forward sufficiently to form the next nail by the feed grip, 109. The
stationary grip again clamps the nail rod, while the movable grip is returned to its
position for the next feed, the length of which is regulated by the gauge-screw, 126.
The motion of the feed-grip, forward and backward, is governed entirely by
cam, 66, through the medium of the lever, 128, and link 127. Cam 66, is provided
with a series of steps, 132, which causes the feed-grip to impart a series of short
backward jerks to the nail-rod, just after it is fed forward, and simultaneously with
the blows from the striking hammer, 15. These jerks are for the purpose of
straightening out the nail-rod.
U, is a treadle, secured to the front end of the machine, and connected on one
side by links, 133, and 119, with the pry lever of the movable grip, 109. The
link, 133 is slotted at its upper end at 134, to allow for the movement of the grip.
It will be seen that pressure upon the treadle, U, will release the movable grip, for
inserting or withdrawing the nail-rod, S.
The furnace for heating the nail-rod is situated in the center of the machine, in
such a position that the nail-rod may pass through it while travelling from the
feeding to the forging mechanism.
In
V (Figures 25 and 26), is the reel, upon which is wound the continuous nail-rod; S.
It revolves upon the pin, 135, secured by set-screws in the upper end of the
standard, 136. The rim, 137, of the reel is provided upon its under face, at
proper intervals, with lugs or projections, 138, through which pass bolts, 139,
which secure the flange-plate, 140, the other flange, 141, being cast integral
with the reel. To secure lightness the flanges are cast with openings, 142.
the periphery of the rim 137, at convenient intervals, are formed transverse
grooves 143, said grooves also extending through the flange-plates, 140 and 141.
When the continuous nail-rod, is coiled around the reel, binding cords or wires may
be passed through the grooves, 143, and around the coil, thus securing the same
for transportation. The reel is placed in front of the machine at any convenient
distance.
The operation of my invention is as follows:-The end of the nail-rod, mounted
upon the reel in front of the machine, is placed in the furnace, by first releasing
the feed-grip by means of the foot-treadle. After the rod has received the proper
temperature, it is pushed through the nose-guide and the end brought upon the
anvil, the forward movement being limited by the screw-gauge.
The nail-rod is now projecting upon the anvil just sufficiently to form a nail.
The rod will be held in position by the grip springs and guided by the nose-guide,
while the nail will be, forged by the combined operation of the roller-hammer,

page_text: striking-hammer and stationary-die. Then the nail is drawn out to its full length,
the point of it will reach the bender, where, under the action of the roller-hammer,
it will receive the proper form, and at the moment the nail receives the last stroke
from the striking hammer, the nose-guide releases the rod and then moves it hori-
zontally by the action of the cam surface, over the top of the stationary die, and
under the movable guide and punch. Then the said movable guide is drawn down
on top of the shearing dies, by means of the lever, 56, and cam 59, and then pulled
horizontally against the punch by means of the lever, 62 and cam surface, 65,
pushing the nail against the stationary die, which is so adjusted that the nail will
be directly under the punch and over the shearing dies. The punch is then pulled
down by means of lever, 48, and cam, 47, severing the nail from the rod and at the
same time shearing the point and pressing the nail down through the shearing dies
on top of the former, P, where the proper set is given to the nail, the face of said
former being ground to conform to the face of the nail, which can be either curved
or straight; if straight, then the face of the punch must be ground straight, but if
it is desired to have a set or a curve in the nail, then the face of the punch must
be ground concave, and the nail will have the same form. Now the punch is
raised slightly by means of the cam, 47, the nail is released, the former slide drawn
out from under the stationary die, and the nail drops to the ground through an
opening in the die-block. The punch again comes down to push the nail down, in
case it should happen to lodge in the dies, and it is then lifted up out of the dies to
its resting position, as is also the movable guide, and the scrap cleaner, Q, is pushed
over the face of the shearing dies, to remove the waste.
The instant that the nail is severed, the nail-rod is moved back by means of the
nose-guide mechanism, to the forging position, and at the same time the stationary
grip spring released and the rod is fed automatically forward by means of the
movable grip and the feeding mechanism which pulls or straightens the rod on the
first and second blows of the striking hammer, by means of jerks on the periphery
of the cam, 66. The stationary grip is then let down upon the rod and the movable
grip releases its hold and is thrown back as far as the screw-gauge will allow, by
means of spiral springs.
All of these movements of the feeding and cutting mechanism occur during a
single revolution of the lower or counter shaft.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is
1. In a horse-shoe nail machine, the combination with the preliminary shaping
dies, the shearing die, a punch for forcing a blank through the latter, and means
for holding said blank in position for operation thereon by said punch, the same
consisting of a fixed guide, as, N, and a guide, as, O, movable to and from the
latter, substantially as and for the purposes specified.
2. In a horse-shoe nail machine, the combination with the preliminary shaping
dies, the shearing die, the former, P, consisting of a bar movable horizontally
relative to the shearing die, and placed below the shearing die opening, the princh
for forcing a blank through the latter and to said former, P, and means to move
said former to discharge the nail from the machine, substantially as and for the
purpose specified.
3. In a horse-shoe nail machine, the combination with the mechanism for
preliminarily shaping a nail from a rod or stock, a shearing die having a wedge-
shaped opening for the point of the nail to be forced through, the cutter for
severing the nail from said stock, a punch for forcing the blank through the
shearing die and into contact with said cutter, a former consisting of a bar beneath
the die opening and movable horizontally relative thereto, and means to move said
former, substantially as and for the purpose described.
4. The combination with the shearing die, the reciprocating punch co-operating
therewith, the arm, 44; to said punch, the lever connected to said arm, and the

page_text: cam acting on both arm and lever to positively move said punch in both directions,
substantially as described.
5. The combination with the forging die having the fixed and movable parts for
operating to form the sides of the nail, the shearing-die. the reciprocating punch
for co-operation with the latter, the guides for use with said shearing-die consisting
of a fixed and a movable member, the movable nail-stock guiding piece for moving
a partially formed nail into position for the action of the shearing-die, and the
series of cams mounted on one shaft to actuate the above-enumerated inovable
parts, substantially as described.
6. In combination, the forging die having the fixed and movable parts for forming
the sides of the nail, the shearing-die, the reciprocable punch for co-operation with
the latter, the guides for use with the shearing-die consisting of a fixed and a movable
member, the movable nail stock guiding piece, R, the rod feeding mechanism, and
the series of cams for actuating the above-enumerated movable parts, substantially
as described.
7. In combination with a rotary-hammer, the anvil, the fixed and the movable
dies on the sides of the latter, the cain mechanism for moving the movable die, the
shearing dies, the punch, the cam mechanism for moving the same, the guide for
use with said shearing dies and punch, having a movable part, the cam mechanism
for operating the latter, and the cam-operated mechanism for moving a blank from
the anvil to the shearing dies, substantially as specified.
8. In combination, the rotary hammer, the anvil, the nail side shaping dies, the
shearing die and punch, the guide for use with these latter consisting of a fixed
member, N, and a vertically and laterally movable member, O, the former, P,
immediately below the movable member, the vertically and laterally movable nose-
piece, R, and the rod feeding devices, substantially as and for the purpose
described.
9. In combination, a rotary hammer, the anvil, the fixed and the movable nail
side shaping dies, the spring actuated rod-rest, 79, the shearing die and punch, the
laterally moving scraper, Q, for said shearing die, the former, P, beneath the
shearing die, the lever, 73, engaging said former and said scraper to move them
in opposite directions the former from beneath the shearing die and the scraper
over it, and suitable means for operating said lever, 73, substantially as and for the
purpose described.
10. In combination, the nose-piece, R, the vertically movable holder, 83, the
carriage, 86, to which the same is pivoted, the vertically movable rod engaging
said holder to raise it and the cam, the lever, 102, link, 101, bell-crank, 100, and
rod, 106, for actuating said rod, substantially as described.
11. In combination, the nose-piece, R, the pivoted, vertically movable holder, 83,
the pivoted, laterally movable carriage, 86, carrying said holder, the rod, 106,
engaging the latter to raise it, the bell-crank lever pivoted to the carriage, 86,
and connected to said rod and to suitable actuating mechanism, to raise it and the
spring to lower said rod, substantially as described.
12. In combination with the pivoted nose-piece-carriage, 86, the vibratory
5 lever, 91, connected thereto, the cam for actuating the latter and the spring
arm, 98, having the cam engaging part which is attached to said lever, 91,
substantially as and for the purpose described.
13. In combination with the pivoted nose-piece-carriage 86, the double arm
vibratory lever, 91, connected thereto, and the double cain engaging the two arms
0 of said lever, substantially as and for the purpose described.
14. In combination with the nose-piece, R, the pivoted vertically movabis
holder, 83, the carriage, 86, the rod, 106, engaging the holder, the bell-crank
lever pivoted to the carriage and connected to said rod and to the actuating
mechanism, the double armed vibratory lever, 91, connected to said carriage, 86,
and the double cam acting on both of said arms, substantially as and for the
purpose described.
15. In combination with a punch carrier, as, K, the two-part punch-holder, M,
13

page_text: baving a recess for the punch, the block, 40, in said recess to abut against the
punch, having heads to retain the block in said recess, the parts 39, engaging said
heads, the screws, 38, to move the parts 39, and the screw engaging the holder, M,
opposing the screws, 38, substantially as and for the purpose described.
16. In combination with the punch-carrier, K. having an offset forming a head,
the punch-holder, M, placed in a dove-tailed recess, the gibs, 39, on the upper and
lower sides of said holder, the block, 40, between the ends of said gibs and the
punch, a screw for each gib, and a screw engaging the holder, M, opposing the
gib screws, substantially as and for the purpose described.
17. In combination, the shearing-dies, the punch, the punch-carrier, K, the
L-shaped arm, 44, having one member connected adjustably with said carrier, and
a cam engaging the other member, substantially as shown and described.
18. In combination, the shearing dies, the punch, the punch-carrier, K, having
a dove-tailed recess, the L-shaped arm, 44, having its vertical member in said
recess, the adjusting screw engaging said member, and suitable actuating means
engaging the other member of said arm, substantially as shown and described.
19. In comination with the shearing-die and punch, the guide consisting of a
fixed and a movable member, the vertical rod, 54, pivoting the latter, the cam-
actuated lever, 56, connected to said rod to lower it and said member, and the cam-
actuated devices connected to said member to move it laterally, substantially as
and for the purpose described.
20. In combination with the shearing die and punch, the movable guide, (), the
rod, 54, pivoting it, the lever, 62, for swinging said guide laterally, the lever, 56,
and spring, 54, for moving it vertically, and the nut on said rod having a spring, 69
engaging said lever, 56, to restore and yieldingly maintain the normal horizontal
position of said guide, O, substantially as described.
21. In combination, the movable guide, O, the vertical rod, 54, pivoting it, the
lever, 62, for swinging it laterally provided with a stop-screw, 68, the lever, 56,
and spring, 60 encircling rod, 54, for moving said guide vertically, and cams to
actuate said levers, 62, and 56, substantially as described.
22. In combination with the laterally movable guide, O, the vertical pivot-
rod, 54, the forked lever, 56, and the nut on said rod adjacent to said lever having
a spring, 69, engaging the same, substantially as and for the purpose specified.
23. In combination with the gripping-blade, the head therefor having a groove
in its face in which said blade is seated, and the nut for holding it in place, sub-
stantially as and for the purpose described.
24. In combination with the movable grip, the cam-actuated lever, 128, for
moving it to feed forward connected therewith by a link, 127, and the coiled
spring, 13, connected to said lever to move it in a reverse direction, substantially as
described and for the purpose specified.
25. In combination with the nail-forging devices, the rod-gripping device and
means for moving said device to first feed the rod to the forging devices, and then
draw it backward a short distance, substantially as specified.
26. In combination with the rod-gripping device composed in part of a blade
forced normally against the rod, the rocker lever, 117, the link, 119, connecting
the same to an automatically operating lever, the treadle, the link, 13, connecting
the same to the link, 119, and the spring for normally raising said lever, sub-
stantially as and for the purpose described.
27. In combination with the shaping devices of a nail-machine, of a reel for
holding the nail-stock or rod, substantially as and for the purpose described.
28. In combination with the shaping devices, a reel for holding the nail stock or
rod, and the rod-feeding devices, substantially as described.
29. In combination with the forging devices, the vibratory rod-raising device, 79,
substantially as and for the purpose described.
30. In combination with the haminer and anvil, the spring piece, 79, secured
adjacent to the latter, having an extension, 80, to engage the nail-stock or rod,
substantially as described.

page_text: 31. In combination with the rotary hammer, C, and the anvil, the vertically
movable nail-rod carrying device, as R, and the guard, d, carried by the
hammer, C, to limit the raising of the nail rod, substantially as and for the purpose
described.
Dated this 25th dox of October 1892
JENSEN & SON,
77, Chancery Lane, London, W.C., Patent Agents.