IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR TRAMPING, WRINGING, AND DELIVERING YARNS IN CON- NECTION WITH DYEING AND BLEACHING PROCESSES
Year: 1864

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Stobo, Foreman, Mechanic, and William
Pollock, Manager of Leven Bank Works, near Bonhill, in the County
of Dumbarton, North Britain, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS
IN APPARATUS FOR TRAMPING, WRINGING, AND DELIVERING YARNS IN CON-
NECTION WITH DYEING AND BLEACHING PROCESSES."
Sealed the 25th April 1865, and dated the 27th October 1864.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Stobo and William
Pollock at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 27th October 1864.
We, JOHN STOBO, Foreman, Mechanic, and WILLIAM POLLOCK, Manager
of Leven Bank Works, near Bonhill, in the County of Dumbarton, North
Britain, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention of. " IMPROVE-
MENTS IN APPARATUS FOR TRAMPING, WRINGING, AND DELIVERING YARNS IN CON-
NECTION WITH DYEING AND BLEACHING PROCESSES," to be as follows, that is
to say :-
This Invention comprises improvements designed to simplify and render
more automatic and efficient the apparatus employed in connection with
dyeing and bleaching processes, for tramping, wringing, and delivering yarns.
And in a modification embodying the improvements a horizontal shaft
mounted in a suitable framing has fixed upon it two discs, which discs are
fitted on the sides facing each other, with hooks to receive the hanks of yarn.
The hooks on one of the discs are adjustable, but fixed when in action, whilst
the hooks on the other disc are arranged to turn in eyes in the disc, and are

page_text: formed or fitted with pinions, which as the discs move round engage with a
stationary segmental rack, thereby causing the hooks to turn, and so twist or
wring the hanks and express the liquor from them. The outer end of the
spindle of each movable hook is fitted with a catch, which entering a sta-
tionary guide groove keeps the pinion in the proper position for entering upon
the segmental rack. This the pinion does on approaching the lower part of
its revolution; immediately prior to which the worker having dipped the
hank in the liquor places it upon a pair of the hooks, namely, a fixed hook
on one disc and a movable hook on the other disc. As the movable hook is
turned by the pinion and rack it is held from turning back by a catch lever,
which of its own weight falls in upon a catch formed on a disc fixed on the
hook spindle. Near the part of the revolution at which each hank is in suc-
cession delivered, the catch lever coming against a fixed stop is relieved, and
the elasticity of the bank causes it to untwist. To prevent the untwisting
action from taking place too suddenly, a tooth forming as it were the last
tooth of the rack, is formed on a lever connected to a piston working in a
cylinder, and as the lever yields to the strain of the pinion, the air in the
cylinder is expanded, and the atmospheric pressure restrains the movement
from taking place more quickly than the air can enter past the piston to
make up the partial vacuum.
The delivery is effected according to one modification by a kind of paddle
wheel made to revolve by suitable gearing, so that each paddle in turning
enters under a hauk; as the hank comes round with the revolution of the discs,
and receives it as it encounters fixed stops and comes off the hooks, the hank
being carried round by the paddle wheel, and falling from it down an inclined
shelf into a receptacle placed for it clear away from the machine. If any
hook comes round without a hank upon it, or if from any cause it is not in
the right position for the catch on its spindle to enter the guide groove which
conducts it to the segmental rack, a stud on the catch disc on the spindle
comes in contact with a stationary stop, which causes the spindle to turn into
the right position. When the hank is first put on the hooks it is carried in
contact with a curved guide lever, which pressing upwards by the action of a
weight prevents it from falling off.
The various details are obviously susceptible of modification, and in par-
ticular in the delivery; the hanks may be received by an endless web, or by an
inclined table arranged to oscillate, so that each hank as it comes round may
Dass to the upper side of it.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said John Stobo and William Pollock in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 27th April 1865.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, JOHN
STOBO, Foreman Mechanic, and WILLIAM POLLOCK, Manager of Leven Bank
Works, near Bonhill, in the County of Dumbarton, North Britain, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-seventh day of October, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-four, in the twenty-eighth year
of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant
unto us, the said John Stobo and William Pollock, Her special licence that
we, the said John Stobo and William Pollock, our executors, administrators,
and assigns, or such others as we, the said John Stobo and William Pollock,
our executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and
no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend,,
within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR
TRAMPING, WRINGING, AND DELIVERING YARNS IN CONNECTION WITH DYEING AND
BLEACHING PROCESSES," upon the condition (amongst others) that we, the said
John Stobo and William Pollock, our executors or administrators, by an
instrument in writing under our, or their, or one of their hands and seals,
should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention,
and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same
to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next
and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said John Stobo and William Pollock, do
hereby declare the nature of our said Invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement in writing, reference being had to the accom-
panying Drawings, that is to say :-
Our said Invention comprises improvements designed to simplify and render
more automatic and efficient the apparatus employed in connection with dyeing
and bleaching processes for tramping, wringing, and delivering yarns.
The terms "tramping and wringing," generally used together signify the
saturating of the yarns with liquor and the subsequent expression from them

page_text: of the superfluous liquor, tramping with the feet having formerly been
employed in connection with this operation.
In order that our said Invention and the manner of performing the same
may be properly understood, we have hereunto appended two Sheets of
explanatory Drawings, to be herein-after referred to, and representing a
machine for tramping, wringing, and delivering yarns as constructed with our
improvements.
Figure 1 is a side elevation as looking at the delivery side; Figure 2 is a
transverse vertical section taken as at the line A, B, in Figure 1; Figure 8 is
a plan; and Figure 4 is a transverse vertical section taken as at the line C, D,
in Figure 1. The same parts are marked with the same reference numerals
in all the Figures.
The framing of the machine consists of two cast-iron end standards 1, 2,
connected by longitudinal frame bars 3, 4, near the floor, by another frame
bar 5, a little higher up on one side, and by a square rod or bar 6 at the top.
In the end standards 1, 2, bearings are provided for a main central hori-
zontal shaft 7, which is driven at a moderate rate by means of a worm
wheel 8 fixed upon one end of it outside of the end standard 2, and actuated
by a worm 9 upon a transverse horizontal shaft 10, carried in bearings in
brackets bolted to the end standard. The shaft 10 carries a fly wheel 11,
and a pulley 12, to receive a driving strap from a shaft overhead, the pulley
being shown with a frictional clutch for putting it into gear with or out of
gear from the shaft 10 by means of a lever 13. This lever 13 is centred on
a stud fixed to a bracket 14, and is connected by a link to a hand lever 15, on
a rocking shaft 16, which has also fixed on its other end another hand lever 17,
so that the machine can be stopped or started by a person at either end of the
machine. The horizontal shaft 7 has fixed upon it two discs 18, 19, which
are fitted on the sides facing each other with hooks 20, 21, to receive the
hanks of yarn. The hooks 20 on one, 18, of the discs are adjustable nearer
to or further from the other disc to suit hanks of different sizes, but are fixed
when in action, whilst the hooks 21 on the other disc 19, are arranged to
turn in eyes or bearings 22 in the disc, and have pinions 23 formed or fitted
upon their spindles, which spindles are parallel to the centre shaft 7. The
pinions 23 are upon the ends of the hook spindles outside of the disc, and as
the discs move round, they engage with a stationary segmental rack 24, and
thereby cause the hooks 21-to turn and so twist or wring the hanks and
express the liquor from them. The segmental rack piece 24 is shaped some-
what like a sector, and is formed with an eye 25, so that it can be accurately
centred upon the shaft 7, being also bolted to the end standard 1. The outer

page_text: end of each hook spindle 21 is fitted with a catch or tail 26, which, entering:
a stationary guide groove 27 on the descending side, keeps the pinion 28 in the
proper position for entering upon the segmental rack 24. The guide groove 27
is formed by flanges projecting from a plate 28, fixed to the inside of the end
standard 1, and there is a spring 29 fixed to the lower end of the outer flange,
which, whilst controlling the tail 26 as long as possible allows the pinion to go
into gear gently and without check. As will be seen from Figure 4, each.
pinion 23 goes into gear with the segmental rack 24 on approaching the
lower part of its revolution, and it is immediately prior to this that the worker
places a hank on a pair of the hooks, namely, a:fixed hook 20 on one disc 18;
and a movable hook 21 on the other disc 19, these hooks then having their
points directed upwards suitably for receiving the hank. Before thus placing
the bank the worker saturates it with liquor by dipping it in a trough 30 con-
taining the liquor. This trough is set upon brackets 31 in the most convenient
position for the hanks to be dipped into it, and then to be lifted.out 'and
placed directly upon the hooks, thus dispensing with a travelling web hitherto
required to convey the hanks from the dipping trough to the position where
they were put on the hooks. As each movable hook 21 is turned by the
pinion and rack it is held from turning back by a catch lever 32, centred on
a pin on the disc 19, and which of its own weight falls in upon a catch formed
on a small disc 33, formed or fixed on the hook spindle. As the movable
hook 21 when first turning is pointed downwards before the hank is sufficiently
twisted to prevent its falling off, a stationary guide bar 84 is set near the hook
to prevent the hank from falling off, or a lever counterweighted so as to press
I upwards might be used for that purpose instead of the stationary bar. As
the hank is twisted or wrung the liquor expressed from it falls into a shallow
trough or tray 35, fitted in between the end standards 1, 2, and it runs.back
thence into the dipping trough 30 by an opening 36. If on each pinion 23
reaching the end of the segmental rack 24, the catch lever 32 should.not
happen to bear against the catch on the small disc 38, the strain of the twisted
bank would cause the spindle to fly back suddenly, were it not prevented by a
tooth forming as it were the last tooth of the segmental rack, and 'which is
formed upon a lever 37, fixed on a spindle passing through to the outside of
the end standard 1, and there having a lever 38 fixed on it which is connected
to a piston working in a cylinder 39. As the lever 37 yields to the strain of
the pinion the piston is drawn up, and the air in the cylinder being expanded,
the atmospheric pressure restrains the movement from taking place more
quickly than the air can enter past the piston to make up the partial vacuum.
The bank is finally relieved and untwists itself when the catch lever 32 comes

page_text: in contact with a stop roller 40 carried by a bracket 41. The delivery is
effected by means of a kind of paddle wheel or reel 42, fixed on a shaft 43,
mounted in bearings 44 on the end standards 1, 2, and driven by equal-sized
spur wheels 45 from the centre shaft 7. What constitute the paddles are sets
of radial rods 46, and each set of rods in turning enters under a bank as the
hank comes round with the revolution of the discs 18, 19, and receives it as
it encounters fixed stops 47, and comes off the hooks 20, 21. The hanks are
carried over by the radial rods 46 and fall gently down in contact with a series
of stationary guide rods 48, between which the paddle rods 46 pass and are
caught by a tray 49 or other receptacle provided below. The stops 46 are
fixed to the top frame bar 6, and the delivery guide rods 48 are fixed upon a
pair of horizontal rods 50, carried outside of the paddle wheel or delivering
reel 42 by four rods, two of which, 51, are fixed to the framing, whilst the
other two, 52, are fitted loosely upon the shaft 43. This delivering mechanism
requires no attention, and the workman formerly employed in taking off the
hanks and putting on fresh ones is dispensed with, the girls who dip the banks
simply putting them directly upon the hooks as herein-before stated instead of
putting them on a travelling web to be conveyed to the other side of the
machine. The dipping of the hanks by the girls might be dispensed with,
and they might put them on the hooks in a dry state, in which case the liquor
trough would have to be arranged within the machine in such a way that the
revolving discs would carry the hanks down into and through the liquor, and
the segmental rack would have to be set round, so that the twisting or wringing
would commence only on the hanks leaving the liquor. If any hook comes
round without a hank upon it, or if from any cause it is not in the right
position for the catch or tail 26 on its spindle to enter the guide groove 27, a
stud 53 on the catch disc 33, comes in contact with a stationary stop 54,
adjusted upon the top frame bar 6, which stop causes the spindle to turn into
the right position.
The various details are obviously susceptible of modification, and in parti-
cular in the delivery the hanks may be received by an endless web or by an
inclined table arranged to oscillate or lift, so that each hank as it comes round
may pass to the upper side of it.
Having thus particularly described our said Invention, and the manner in
which the same is or may be performed, we have to state that what we
believe to be novel and original, and claim as the Invention secured to us by
the herein-before in part recited Letters Patent is, the arranging or combining
together of the parts of apparatus for tramping, wringing, and delivering
yarns, substantially in the improved manner herein-before described, and

page_text: more particularly the fitting of such apparatus with automatic delivering
mechanism, and with an air cylinder to restrain the untwisting, and the
placing of the dipping trough at the entering side and delivering at the
other side.
In witness whereof, we, the said John Stobo and William Pollock,
have hereunto set our hands and seals, this Twenty-fifth day of
April, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and
sixty-five.
0
Witness,
EDMUND HUNT,
Patent Agent,
Glasgow.
JOHN STOBO.
(L.S.)
WILLIAM POLLOCK. (L.s.)