IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BOXES AND SIMILAR ARTI- CLES, AND IN THE MACHINERY OR APPARATUS TO BE EMPLOYED THEREIN
Year: 1853

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Kendall, of Blawith, near Ulverston,
in the County of Lancaster, Wood Turner, for the Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BOXES AND SIMILAR ARTI-
CLES, AND IN THE MACHINERY OR APPARATUS TO BE EMPLOYED
THEREIN."
Sealed the 22nd July 1858, and dated the 24th January 1853.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Kendall
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 24th January 1858.
I, WILLIAM KENDALL, of Blawith, near Ulverston, in the County of
Lancaster, Wood Turner, do hereby declare the nature of the said In-
vention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BOXES AND SIMILAR
ARTICLES, AND IN THE MACHINERY OR APPARATUS TO BE EMPLOYED THERΕΙΝ,
to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to improvements in the machinery employed
for hollowing boxes made of solid wood, and consists in having a species
of chuck, which is fitted with a projecting circular guage of the size of
the outside of the box to be hollowed. In the centre of the chuck and

page_text: guage is fitted a cutter, which consists of a small tool fitted into a second!
revolving chuck in such a manner as to allow a small portion of its
cutting edge only to project. The blank from which the boxes are
formed is turned in a lathe to the size of the diameter required for
the boxes, and is about 4 or 5 feet in length; it is moved forward
by a runner and the end inserted into the guage, the revolving cutter
inside effectually scooping out the interior portions of the wood, thus
forming the hollow of the box. The piece so hollowed is then cut off
from the length by a circular saw, when the end of the blank is again
subjected to the action of the cutters. The rough cut pieces are smoothed
and polished afterwards. By altering the guages employed any size box
of course may be cut out.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said William Kendall in the Great Seal Patent Office.
on the 23rd July 1853.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I,
WILLIAM KENDALL, of Blawith, near Ulverston, in the County of
Lancaster, Wood Turner, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-fourth day of January, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-three, in the
sixteenth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said William Kendall, Her special licence
that I, the said William Kendall, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, or such others as I, the said William Kendall, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others,
from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein
expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend,
within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF BOXES AND SIMILAR ARTICLES, AND IN THE MACHINERY OR
APPARATUS TO BE EMPLOYED THEREIN," upon the condition (amongst others)

page_text: that I, the said William Kendall, by an instrument in writing under my
hand and seal, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of
the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed,
and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within
six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said
Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said William Kendall, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement, reference being had to the accompanying
Drawings, and to the letters and figures marked thereon, that is to say:
My said Invention relates to various mechanical arrangements for
hollowing or cutting out solid wood into boxes or other receptacles.
The apparatus consists in general form of a horizontal spindle carrying
a species of chuck, which is fitted with a projecting circular guage of
the size of the outside of the box to be hollowed. In the centre of the
chuck and guage is a cutter, made up of a small tool fitted into a second
revolving chuck in such way as to permit a small portion only of the
cutting edge to project. The wood blank out of which the boxes are
formed is turned in a separate lathe to the diameter required for the
boxes, and is of any conveniently manageable length, so as to be capable
of producing several boxes. This blank is placed with its axis coincident
witli the axis of the cutter spindle, and it is urged longitudinally forward
by a runner, its end being inserted in the guage, whilst the revolving
cutter scoops out the wood. This forins the hollow of the box, and the
piece so hollowed is then severed from the blank by a circular cross
cutting saw. Figure 1, on my Sheet of Drawings is a side elevation of
one form of my apparatus. Figure 2, is an end elevation of the hollow
guage, with the chuck and cutter in position. Figure 3, is a similar
view with the cutter removed. Figure 4, is a plan of the apparatus,
corresponding to Figure 1. Figure 5, is a back end elevation, shewing
the standard and driving pulley and Figures 6, and 7. are end and
side views of the chuck and cutter detached. The machine consists of
the spindle or mandril A, driven by the fast and loose pulleys B, and

page_text: carried at one end in the journal bearing C, of the front standard, and
at the other on an adjustable centre in the back stand D. The two
standards are cast in one piece with the base E, like an ordinary lathe
handstock, the whole of the cutting details being carried upon the
front projecting end of the spindle overhanging the front standard,
where a plain metal disc F, is screwed upon the spindle end. From
this disc two parallel bars G, project outwards to carry the guide disc
socket H, into which the blank, as dotted in at I, is entered in turning.
The mandril J, for carrying the cutter is entered into the projecting end
of the spindle A, and as it overhangs its bearing very considerably it is
supported externally by the disc piece K, supported by the pillars G.
The cutter I, which may be of various forms to suit the particular work
to be done, is fastened down to a hollow in the mandril by à screw clamp
M. With this arrangement the blank I, properly guided, is slowly
traversel forward, as indicated by the arrow, in the direction of the axis
of the mandril, and this action is continued until the required depth of
cut is obtained as the cutter L, works or cuts its way down into the
centre of the end wood. The cutter and its position as regards the
centre of revolution are so arranged as to cut the hollow to the required
guage of box, as must be obvious to the practical turner. The articles
so turned or cut out are then sawn off the blanks and the operation
goes on until the blank is expended. Various hollow articles may be
thus made; the polishing and finishing thereof being separate final
processes.
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of my
said Invention, and the manner in which the same is or may be used
or carried into effect, I would observe, in conclusion, that I do not
confine or restrict myself to the precise details or arrangements which I
have had occasion to describe or refer to, as many variations may be
made therefrom without deviating from the principles or main features
of my Invention; but what I consider to be novel and original, and
therefore clain as the Invention secured to me by the herein-before in
part recited Letters Patent, is,-
First, the general arrangement and construction of machinery, appa-

page_text: ratus, or means for the manufacture of boxes and similar articles, as
herein-before described.
Second, the system or mode of cutting out or shaping boxes and
other similar articles by means of a rotatory cutter and guage guide
combined.
Third, the manufacture of boxes and similar articles from one length
of blank severed or divided for the purpose.
Fourth, the system or mode of cutting out boxes and similar articles
by an adjustable rotatory cutter, as herein-before described.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Kendall, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, the Twenty-first day of July, Oue
thousand eight hundred and fifty-three.
WILLIAM KENDALL. (L.S.)