Improvements in and relating to the Construction of Rolls and Pinions Connected with and Especially Designed for Use in Rolling Mills for Rolling Iron and other Metals.
Year: 1889

page_text: Date of Application, 29th Jan., 1889
Complete Specification Left, 3rd June, 1889-Accepted, 20th July, 1839
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and relating to the Construction of Rolls and
Pinions Connected with and Especially Designed for Use in
Rolling Mills for Rolling Iron and other Metals.
I, ROBERT CHRISTY TOTTEN, residing at No. 16, Bidwell Street, Allegheny City,
in the County of Allegheny, and State of Pennsylvania, one of the United States of
America, Founder and Machinist, do hereby declare the nature of said invention for
IMPROVEMENTS IN AND RELATING TO THE CONSTRUCTION OF ROLLS AND PINIONS
CONNECTED WITH AND ESPECIALLY DESIGNED FOR USE IN ROLLING MILLS FOR
ROLLING IRON AND OTHER METALS, to be as follows:-
My invention relates to the rolls and pinions employed in rolling mills for the
rolling of iron, steel, or other metals. The strongest form of rolls and pinions
heretofore manufactured, have been composed of steel, a low grade of Bessemer or
Open Hearth steel being employed for the purpose, and it being found that such steel
rolls will withstand heavier strains than the ordinary cast iron rolls, which were
previously, and are still, to a great extent employed; and the steel rolls giving greater
satisfaction in other ways. "A serious difficulty in the forming of such rolls and
pinions has been found, however in that there was liability of the necks or journals
of these rolls being porous, that is having blow holes or cells therein either in the
face of the casting, when coming from the mold, or discovered by the turning off
of such face in trueing the journals; and though in making such castings, attempts
have been made to overcome these by the employment of a long sinker head, so as to
compact the cast by the weight of the metal above it, this difficulty has not been
overcome. When such cells or imperfections exist in the necks or journals of the
rolls, it is found that the dust, scale, and like substances in and around the roll will
collect in any such cells or imperfections, and act to cut out bearings in which the
rolls are mounted; and considerable difficulty has been experienced from this cause.
It is also found that the steel journals are much more liable to heat up when running
than the cast iron journals, and this bas frequently led to the stoppage of the rolls to
permit the cooling of the journals, and therefore to the loss of considerable time in
the working of the rolls.
The object of my invention is to provide a roll or pinion in which these difficulties
are overcome, and in which a more perfect journal face practically free from such
imperfections and one which is not so liable to heat up, can be obtained.
To these ends my invention consists, generally stated, in a roll or pinion formed of
a steel body, and having a thin shell or facing of chilled cast iron upon the necks or
journal surfaces; it being found that by such chilled cast iron face upon the steel roll,
a practically perfect surface free from cells or like imperfections, is obtained, and one
which is not liable to collect the dirt or scale and cut out the journal, nor to heat up
rapidly during the operation of the rolls. It also consists in combining with such
roll, having a steel body and a chilled cast iron shell or face on the necks or journals,
a chilled cast iron shell or facing upon the working surface of the roll, so combining
with the strong steel body all the advantages obtained in the solid chilled iron roll.
In forming my improved roll or pinion, I employ a mold of suitable construction,
for the formation of a roll having both facings of chilled cast iron on the necks
and the working portion, the mold having a chill for forming the necks or journals
and for forming the working face, as well as the ordinary pouring gate communicating
with the mold cavity, preferably below the lower mold chill, a sinker head, and a
gutter or second gate leading therefrom, through which any extra metal can escape.
In casting the roll, I take a suitable mixture of cast iron, which will chill properly
when in contact with the mold chills, and I melt a sufficient quantity thereof,

page_text: either to fill or to partially fill the mold, and I also melt ready for casting a proper
portion of low grade steel, such as Bessemer, or Open Hearth steel. The cast iron is
first poured into the mold, preferably through the pouring gate, and in passing
down into the mold enters at the base thereof, and rises within the mold, either filling
or partially filling the same, and when it comes in contact with the several surfaces
of the mold-chills, it chills or congeals quickly, forming the chilled shells or facings
for the roll. Immediately upon the casting of the chilling cast iron or very shortly
thereafter, through the same gaie, I pour the molten steel which as it is heaver than
the cast iron, when it enters the mold cavity raises the body of molten cast iron
within the mold and forces it out through the sinker head, so that the extra molten
cast iron is carried off, while the molten steel fills the mold, including the wabbler
below the lower journal, as it is found that the steel, being heavier than the cast iron,
will force out the cast iron which has previously filled the wabbler and take its place
within the mold cavity. The steel in thus filling the mold, while in a molten condition,
unites with the cast iron, which has been chilled by the mold chill of the mold, the
union being formed by the fusion of the surfaces of the metals and a perfect union
which it is practically impossible to separate, even by crushing, being obtained.
In forming pinions or rolls which have not the chilled cast iron shell or facing on
the working portion thereof, the mold employed is practically the same except that
the mold for forming the working face or pinion face of the roll or pinion, is composed
of sand or other suitable material instead of the cast iron moll-chill, and the operation
of casting them is practically the same.
Dated this 29th day of January 1889
ROBERT CHRISTY TOTTEN.
By Jensen & Son,
77, Chancery Lane, London, W., Patent Agents.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and relating to the Construction of Rolls and
Pinions Connected with and Especially Designed for Use in
Rolling mills for Rolling Iron and other Metals.
I, ROBERT CHRISTY TOTTEN, residing at No. 16, Bidwell Street, Allegheny City
in the County of Allegheny and State of Pennsylvania, one of the United States of
America, Founder and Machinist, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and
in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement :-
My invention relates to the rolls and pinions employed in Rolling Mills for the
rolling of iron, steel, or other metals. The strongest form of rolls and pinions
heretofore manufactured, have been composed of steel, a low grade of Bessemer or
Open Hearth steel being employed for the purpose, and it being found that such steel
rolls will withstand heavier strains than the ordinary cast iron rolls, which were
previously, and are still, to a great extent employed; and the steel rolls giving greater
satisfaction in other ways. A serious difficulty in the forming of such rolls and
pinions has been found, however, in that there was liability of the necks or journals of
these rolls being porous, that is, having blow holes or cells therein, either in the
face of the casting, when coming from the mold, or discovered by the turning off
of such face in trueing the journals; and though in making such castings, attempts
have been made to overcome these by the employment of a long sinker head, so as
to compact the cast by the weight of the metal above it, this difficulty has not been
overcome. When such cells or imperfections exist in the necks or journals of the
rolls, it is found that the dust, scale and like substances in and around the roll will
collect in any such cells or imperfections, and act to cut out the bearings in which
the rolls are mounted; and considerable difficulty has been experienced from
this cause.
It is also found that the steel journals are much more liable to heat up when running

page_text: than the cast iron journals, and this has frequently led to the stoppage of the rolls to
permit the cooling of the journals, and therefore to the loss of considerable time in
the working of the rolls.
The object of my invention is to provide a roll or pinion in which these difficulties
are overcome, and in which a more perfect journal face, practically free from such
imperfections and one which is not so liable to heat up, can be obtained.
To these ends my invention consists, generally stated, in a roll or pinion formed of
a steel body, and having a thin shell or facing of chilled cast iron upon the necks or
journal surfaces; it being found that by suchi chilled cast iron face upon the steel roll,
a practically perfect surface, free from cells or like imperfections, is obtained, and one
which is not liable to collect the dirt or scale, and cut out the journal, nor to heat up
rapidly during the operation of the rolls. It also consists in combining with such
roll, having a steel body and a chilled cast iron shell or face on the necks or journals,
a chilled cast iron shell or facing upon the working surface of the roll, so combining
with the strong steel body all the advantages obtained in the solid chilled iron roll.
To enable others skilled in the art to make and use my invention, I will describe the
same more fully, referring to the accompanying dra ving, in which
Figure 1, is a longitu final section of a pinion, embodying my invention.
Figure 2. is a like view of a roll containing the same.
Figure 3, is a like view of a roll having the chilled cast iron shell or facing upon
the necks or journals and working surface of the roll; and
Figure 4, is a longitudinal section of a mold suitable for carrying out my invention.
As shown in said several figures, the body or main portion, a, of the rolls or pinions,
is formed of a low or soft grade of steel, such as Bessemer and Open Hearth in order
to obtain all the desired tensile or transverse strength to sustain the strains to which
it may be subjected, and I include under the term "steel" a steel or iron as low or
free from carbon as can he properly melted and cast within a mold. Upon the necks
or journals b, of the roll or pinion, I form the shell or facing, e, which is composed
of chilled cast iron, such thin shells or facing being united to the steel body by fusion,
in such way as to form practically one casting. On the working surface of the
roll, as shown in Figure 3, is a like shell or facing, d, of chilled cast iron united
to the body of the roll in the same manner, so that in such roll the body portion, ",
including the necks or journals, b, and wabblers or connecting portions, e, are formed
of steel, while the shells or facings, c, upon the necks and the shell or facing
upon the working face are formed of chilled cast iron. The shells or facings, c, upon
the necks or journals need not be formed more than about three fourths of an incli in
thickness, as after they are once turned and trued, there is practically no appreciable
wear thereon, and the shell or facing, d, on the body of the roll is preferably made
from three fourths to one half inch in thickness to provide for the turning or facing
of the working portion of the roll when necessary.
In forming my improved roll or pinion, I employ a mold of suitable construction,
that shown in the drawing being such mold as is required for the formation of a
roll having both facings of chilled cast iron on the necks and the working portion
of a roll, and the mold having the chill, f, for forming the necks or journals and
the chill, y, for forming the working face, d, the mold having the ordinary pouring
gate,, communicating with the mold cavity, preferably below the lower mold chill, f,
and having also the sinker head, k, and a gutter or second gate, I, leading
therefrom, through which any extra metal can escape. In casting the roll, I take
a suitable mixture of cast iron, which will chill properly when in contact with
the mold chills, and 1 melt a sufficient quantity thereof, either to fill or to partially
fill the mold, and I also melt ready for casting a proper portion of low grade
steel, such as Bessemer, or Open Hearth steel.
The cast iron is first poured into the mold, preferably through the pouring gate, h,
nd in passing down into the mold enters at the base thereof, and raises within
the mold, either filling or partially filling the same, and when it comes in contact
with the several surfaces of the mold chills, it chills or congeals quickly, forming the
chilled shells or facings for the roll.

page_text: Immediately upon the casting of the chilling cast iron, or very shortly thereafter,
through the same gate, I pour the molten steel which as it is heavier than the
cast iron, when it enters the mold cavity raises the body of molten cast iron within
the mold and forces it out through the sinker head, so that the extra molten cast iron
is carried off by the gutter or gate, 1, while the molten steel fills the mold, including
the wabbler below the lower journal, as it is found that the steel, being heavier than
the cast iron, will force out the cast iron which has previously filled the wabbler and
take its place within the mold cavity. The steel in thus filling the mold, while in a
molten condition, unites with the cast iron, which has been chilled by the mold chill
of the mold, the union being formed by the fusion of the surfaces of the metals and a
perfect union which it is practically impossible to separate, even by crushing, being
obtained.
In forming pinions or rolls which have not the chilled cast iron shell or facing on
the working portion thereof, the mold employed is practically the same, except that
the mold for forming the working face or pinion face of the roll or pinion, is composed
of sand or other suitable material, instead of the cast iron mold chill, and the
operation of casting them is practically the same.
The roll is thus formed of the main or body portion a, the journals, b, and the
wabblers or connecting portions, e, composed of a low grade of steel, and the chilled
cast iron shells or facings, c, upon the necks or journals, and the like shells or facings, d,
upon the working surface of the roll united to the steel body thereof by fusion. The
chilling of the said shells or facings, c, d, compacts them in such manner that the
formation of blow holes, cells, or like imperfections is practically impossible, and a
solid, practically perfect surface for the journals and working surface is obtained;
and when such chilled cast iron shells or surfaces are turned and trued,
practically solid and perfect surfaces for the journals and working portion of
the roll are obtained, thus overcoming the principal objection to the ordinary
steel roll or pinion. The chilled cast iron shells or facings on the necks or
journals formed as above described, have the further advantage that as a more compact
and solid metal is employed for such facings they are not nearly so liable to heat up
under the heavy strain brought upon them during the rolling operation, and therefore
run more easily and require less power to operate.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is-
1st. A roll or pinion for rolling metals having a steel body and a thin shell or
facing of chilled cast iron upon the necks or journals of the roll, substantially as and
for the purposes set forth.
2nd. A roll for rolling metals, having a steel body and a thin shell or facing of
chilled cast iron upon the necks or journals, and upon the working surface of the roll,
substantially as and for the purposes set forth.
Dated this 3rd day of June 1980
JENSEN & SON,
77, Chancery Lane, London, W.C., Patent Agents.