CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING, WHETHER WORKED BY HAND OR BY POWER
Year: 1835

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, APELLES
HOWARD, of Stockport, in the County of Chester, Cotton Spinner, and JOHN
SCATTERGOOD, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Machine Maker,
send greeting.
WHEREAS His most Excellent Majesty King William the Fourth, did,
by His Letters Patent, under the Great Seal of the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, bearing date the Eighth day of October One thousand.
eight hundred and thirty-five, give and grant unto us, the said Apelles Howard
and John Scattergood, our exors, admors, and assigns, His special licence, that
we, the said Apelles Howard' and John Scattergood, our exors, adñiors, and
assigns, should and lawfully might, during the term of fourteen years therein
mentioned, make, use, exercise, and vend, within England, Wales, and the
Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, our Invention of "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN
LOOMS FOR WEAVING, WHETHER WORKED BY HAND OR BY POWER;" in which said
Letters Patent is contained a proviso, that if we, the said Apelles Howard and
John Scattergood, should not particularly describe and ascertain the nature of
our said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, by an
instrument in writing under our hands and seals, and cause the same to be
inrolled in His Majesty's High Court of Chancery within six calender months
then next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent now in
recital, that then the said Letters Patent, and all liberties and advantages

page_text: therein granted, should utterly cease, determine, and become void, as in and by
the same, reference being thereunto had, may more fully and at large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, we, the said
Apelles Howard and John Scattergood, do hereby declare that the nature of
our Invention of "Improvements in Looms for Weaving, whether Worked by
Hand or by Power," consists in the arrangement and application of certain
additional parts or apparatus to an ordinary loom, whether worked by hand or
by power, by which the amount of tension on the threads or ends of the warp
is regulated, and the motion of the warp beam governed or caused to corre-
spond with the uniform take-up motion of the cloth beam on which the fabric
in the process of weaving is placed.
To make the nature of our Invention better understood, we have hereto
annexed a Drawing of one description of power loom with our improvements
applied to it. The scale to which this Drawing is made is marked thereon,
and the same letters of reference which are used in describing the Drawing
indicate the same parts in the various Figures, which are numbered Figure 1,
Figure 2, and Figure 3; and we consider that after we have described the
nature of our Invention as applied to the loom represented in the annexed
Drawing, it will be obvious to persons conversant with looms, that the same
improvements may be applied to looms of any build or description, with a
slight variation in the arrangement and application of such parts as constitute
our Invention. We shall now proceed to describe the manner in which our
Invention is to be carried into effect in reference to the annexed Drawings.
Figure 1 is a back view of a power loom; Figure 2, a side view, in which
part of the framing is removed for the purpose of making the application of
our improvements more obvious; and Figure 3, a view of our improvements
apart from the loom, for the purpose of shewing more clearly the nature and
construction of the same. In Figures 1 and 2, some of the ordinary parts of
the loom are omitted, and only such parts delineated as we consider requisite
to explain and show the position in which our improvements are applied. In
these Figures, A represents the driving pulley key on the crank shaft which
gives motion to the lay or slay; B, the warp beam; D, the cloth beam; and
C, the tappit shaft, by which the position of the heddles is regulated, thereby
producing the shed or opening in the warp for the passage of the shuttle at
each vibration of the lay or slay. The remaining parts of the loom (with the
exception of such parts in which our improvements consist) are common to all
Hooms of this description, and not being of our Invention require no further
explanation. In Figures 1 and 2, E represents a shaft, supported at each

page_text: extremity in the framing of the loom parallel to and immediately above the
warp beam; and F, F, are small arms or levers proceeding from and firmly
attached to the shaft E; at the extremity of the arms or levers. F, F, is placed a
similar shaft G, and the course of the warp threads from the warp beam B
will be seen in Figures 2 and 3 proceeding above or over the shaft G, and
under the shaft E; the shaft E moves freely on its axis; and (in the opposite
direction to the levers F, F,) a small lever f.proceeds, at the extremity of
which is suspended the weight H, as best seen at Figures 2 and 3. This
lever falso carries a perpendicular rod i, i, which moves freely through an
opening or hole in the lever k beneath.. L represents a worm wheel, firmly
attached to the shaft on which the warp beam B is placed; and m, a worm, or
screw taking into the wheel L on the same shaft which carries the worm or
screw m, is placed or keyed the ratchet wheel M, and also the vibrating lever
K, which is not keyed, but perfectly free. The lever K is provided with a
catch or dog q, taking into the ratchet wheel M, and at the other extremity
with a rod suspending the counterweight N, as seen in the Drawing. Now,
by retracing the action of the various parts which we have last described, and
which, to make the description more clear, are tinted red in the Drawing, it
will be obvious that any amount of warp can be given off, by revolving the
warp beam B by means of the worm m in one direction while it will be taken
up; or the reverse will be produced by the opposite motion of the worm m;
and further, that the position of the shaft G will vary or vibrate according as
the warp is taken up or given off by the warp beam B. Therefore; supposing
the warp to be wound up to a given point by means of the small handle a,
the shaft G will assume a certain position, and the amount of tension to which
the warp is subjected, will (as represented in the Drawing) depend on the
amount of counterweight H placed at the extremity of the lever f, which has
a constant tendency to elevate the shaft G, as best shewn at Figures 2 and 3.
Under these circumstances, as soon as the loom is put into action, and the
regular vibration of the lay or slay proceeds, the cloth which is produced will
be taken up on the cloth beam D, and consequently the warp which passes
over the shaft G will have a tendency to depress that shaft, although the
tension of the warp will not materially vary, on account of the counterweight
H remaining always the same; but as soon as the take-up of the cloth beam
has proceeded so far as to depress the shaft G to the position indicated in
dotted lines at g, the rod i, i, elevates the lever K, and thereby gathers a tooth
in the ratchet M by means of the small catch or dog 9, which, on the return
of the lay or slay is carried forward by the counterweight N, and actuates the

page_text: warp beam B, which gives off the amount of warp which was required. This
train of movement, in which our improvement consists, is shewn separate at
Figure 3, and the motion of the various parts is indicated by dotted lines, by
which, together with the foregoing description, it will be obvious that the
regular take-up of the cloth beam D, as it is produced, is provided for by.a
commensurate giving off of warp from the beam B, caused by the depression.
or varied position of the shaft G, as already explained. In weaving cloth of
a finer quality, we have found the arrangement represented at Figure 4 to
act rather more uniformly than that already described. In this Figure the
arrangement of parts does not vary from the former arrangement already
described, excepting that in the place of the weight N and vibrating levér K;
we apply a catch or dog 9 placed in a stationary fulcrum, as seen at (a), and
the rod i, i, is carried downwards and attached by a small spring to the lever
y, which moves freely on a fixed fulcrum at (Z). This lever (y) is placed under
the tappet shaft (C), and when a sufficient quantity of yarn is given off from
the beam B, the small wiper (r) does not interfere with it, but as soon as the
rod G is depressed by the tightening of the warp, as already described, the (y)
lever is raised and comes in contact with wiper (r), which immediately
depresses it, and rotates the ratchet wheel M by means of the band and
tightening weight (S) with which it is connected; this band being passed round
the small drum or barrel placed on the same shaft as supports the ratchet (M):
But the whole of this is merely a modification of the arrangement already
described, by which our Invention in some cases is more easily applied, and
we think acts more uniformly in weaving cloth of a finer quality, and althoug
we have introduced several well-known parts of the ordinary loom, for the
purpose of shewing the position and manner in which our improvements are
applied, we do not claim any of such well-known parts, but be do claim the
arrangement and adaptation of the vibrating shafts G and E, with the appa-
ratus connected therewith, by means of which we are enabled to govern the
tension of the warp and regulate the giving off from the warp beam, according
to the take-up of the beam on which the cloth is received in the process of
weaving. It is also that the giving-off motion may be connected with the
take-up of the cloth beam, so that the giving off and the taking up may act
uniformly and accurately together.
In witness whereof, we have hereunto set our hands and seals, this Fourth
day of April One thousand eight hundred and thirty-six.
JOHN
(L.B.) SCATTERGOOD.

page_text: AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the Fourth day of April, in the year
of our Lord 1836, the aforesaid Apelles Howard and John Scattergood came
before our said Lord the King in His Chancery, and acknowledged the
Specification aforesaid, and all and every thing therein contained and specified
in form above written. And also the Specification aforesaid was stamped
according to the tenor of the Statute made for that purpose.
Inrolled the Sixth day of April, in the year of our Lord One thousand
eight hundred and thirty-six.
Inrolled the Sixth day of April, in the year of our Lord One thousand
eight hundred and thirty-six.