Improved Process and Apparatus for Preserving Milk and other Liquids.
Year: 1898

page_text: A
Date of Application. 26th Mar., 1898
Jade Concifination Left 20th Dec. 1898-Accepted, 4th Mar., 1899
Complete Specification Left 20th Dec. 1898-Accepted, 4th Mar.,
1899
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improved Process and Apparatus for Preserving Milk and other
Liquids.
We, THOMAS EVES, of Glendale, Sylvan Road, Snaresbrook, in the County of
London, Wine Merchant, and GEORGE CUDDON, of No. 6, Devereux Terrace, South-
end, in the County of Essex, Financier, do hereby declare the nature of this
invention to be as follows:-
-
Our invention relates to an improved process and apparatus for preserving milk
and other liquids. The exact details of the process will necessarily vary a little
according to the precise liquid to the preservation of which the invention is applied.
We will describe it as preferably carried out for the preservation of milk. The
apparatus employed is not unlike the ordinary turn-over soda water machine, that
is to say, it is provided with means for holding a bottle or other vessel firmly in
place and in contact with a reservoir of approximately equal capacity. The reser-
voir and the bottle or vessel are connected by an air-tight connecting piece through
which or alongside which a tube or tubes are provided through which the gases
hereinafter mentioned can be introduced into the liquid. To the top of the said
reservoir is attached a connection to an apparatus for exhausting the air from the
interior of the vessel and apparatus. The apparatus above described is specially
applicable for use with bottles provided with ball stoppers or the like. For use with
bottles or vessels closed by corks it is requisite to connect the saine to a corking
apparatus of the kind usually employed in mineral water-manufacture; for this
purpose a flexible tube is provided leading from the charging apparatus to the
corking device. The improved process is preferably conducted as follows
We fill the bottle or vessel with milk and place the same in the machine. Having
made the connections air-tight we exhaust the air from the reservoir and conse-
quently from the milk in the vessel. When the desired vacuum has been established
we admit through the connections provided a quantity of carbonic acid gas and a
quantity of oxygen gas in determined proportions. We then increase the pressure
When the
in the apparatus until it amounts to about thirty pounds to the inch.
milk has absorbed the mixed gases to the required degree, the apparatus may be
reversed in the usual manner to cause the stopper to fall into place and the vessel
O can then be removed from the apparatus, the machine connection turned over, and
a fresh vessel placed thereon for charging. The like operation may be conducted
on a machine adapted for filling cork or screw-stopper bottles as aforesaid. The
milk or other liquid prepared according to our process is effectively preserved by
the occluded gases and prevented from turning sour or fermenting. It can be pre-
5 served in the closed receptacle for months without deterioration and when the vessel
is open will remain sweet for at least as long a period as new milk. Our process
thus affords a practical cheap and couvenient means for preserving milk and the
like for considerable periods enabling the transport and storage of the same to be
effected much more conveniently than is at present possible. The preserved milk
10 remains in flavour appearance and qualities fully equal to new milk. There is no

page_text: separation of its components nor is its flavour injured by boiling or other treatment.
Morcover, no chemicals, drugs, or other antiseptic materials whatever are added to
the fluid.
Pater o tray or
OCOT TO TIT
W. P. THOMPSON & Co.,
322, High Holborn, London, W.C., Patent Agents for the Applicants.
TINAL DIEVITICATION.
Improved Process and Apparatus for Preserving Milk and other
Liquids.
We, THOMAS EVES, of Glendale, Sylvan Road, Snaresbrook, in the County of
London, Wine Merchant, and GEORGE CUDDON, (late of No. 6, Devereux Terrace,
Southend, in the County of Essex), but now of 28, Basinghall Street, in the City of
London, Financier, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement:
Our invention relates to an improved process and apparatus for preserving milk
and other liquids. The method is applicable to a variety of products such as milk,
skim-milk, cream, meat extracts, vegetable juices, liquid foods, and beverages of
all kinds; the exact details of the process may obviously vary a little in each case
according to the precise liquid to the preservation of which the invention is
applied.
.
The apparatus employed is not unlike the ordinary turn-over soda water machine,
that is to say, it is provided with means for holding a bottle or other vessel firmly
on place and in contact with a reservoir of capacity approximately equal to or larger
than that of the bottle. The reservoir and the bottle or vessel are connected by an
air-tight connecting piece through which or alongside which a tube or tubes are
provided through which the gases hereinafter mentioned can be introduced into the
liquid.
The apparatus above described is specially applicable for use with bottles
provided with ball stoppers or the like, and when the whole process is to be
completed on one machine. For use with bottles or vessels or receptacles closed
by corks, screw stoppers, or syphons, or otherwise, it is requisite to connect the
aerating machine to a bottling apparatus of the kind usually employed in mineral
water manufacture or other suitable apparatus; for this purpose a tube is provided
leading from the gasifying apparatus to the bottling apparatus. The improved
process as applied to milk by way of example is preferably conducted as follows:-
The bottles and stoppers, or other receptacles to be used having been sterilized
in any convenient manner, as for instance by the use of steam or boiling water, we
fill the bottle or vessel with milk and place the same in the machine. Having
made the connections air-tight we release the air from the reservoir and consequently
from above the milk in the vessel, and admit through the connections provided a
quantity of oxygen gas and a quantity of carbonic acid gas either together or
separately. We regulate the pressure in the apparatus so that it amounts to at
least 30 pounds to the square inch. When the milk has absorbed the mixed gases
to the required degree, the apparatus may be reversed in the usual manner to cause
the stopper to fall into place and the vessel can then be removed from the
apparatus, the machine connection turned over, and a fresh vessel placed thereon
for charging, or the milk may be run into a separate bottling apparatus as herein-
after set forth. It is advisable to prepare the milk for treatment by heating it
carefully to a temperature of not less than 100° Fahr. and then chilling it by means

page_text: Improv
cold water or the like at or below the atmospheric temperature.
able temperature depends mostly upon the nature or quality of the liquid under
tment, and should be ascertained by experiment: thus a milk rich in cream
uires a higher temperature than skim-milk.
In order to increase the length of time during which the liquid will keep after
atment with the gases, this operation may be repeated. The milk or other liquid
epared according to our process is effectively preserved by the aforesaid gases and
evented from turning sour or fermenting. It can be preserved in the closed
ceptacle for weeks without deterioration, and when the vessel is opened will
main sweet for at least as long a period as new milk. Our process thus affords
practical cheap and convenient means for preserving milk and the like for short
eriods, enabling the transport and storage of the same to be effected much more
onveniently than is at present possible. The preserved milk remains in flavour,
ppearance, and qualities fully equal to new milk. There is no separation of its
omponents nor is its flavour injured by boiling or other treatment.
Moreover, no
olid or liquid chemicals, drugs, or other antiseptic materials whatever are added
o the fluid.
In order to more clearly set forth our invention we have illustrated an
use in connection therewith in the accompanying
apparatus suitable for
drawing.
In its general design this apparatus resembles that used for the aerating of
mineral waters and the like, the details, however, being adapted to the special
purpose in view.
The frame or support A may be of any convenient construction, and is preferably
made as shewn in the form of a branched support, through bearings in the arms
whereof there passes the horizontal tubular shaft B. The gases, which when
combined as set forth effect the preservation of the milk, are supplied through
this tubular shaft; the connection with the oxygen vessel being through the
prolongation B¹ of the shaft to a suitable source of oxygen (not shewn in the
drawing) whilst the supply of carbonic acid is obtained through the flexible tube C
connected to any convenient source of the gas, such as a cylinder of compressed
CO². Or the previously mixed gases may be supplied through one tube if found
desirable. A reducing valve and stop cock are attached to each gas vessel for
regulating the supply of gas. The course of the carbonic acid supply is indicated in
5 dotted lines through the tube C, the branched connection C¹, the prolongation of
the shaft B through the plate D to which the aerating apparatus proper is screwed,
and the prolongation of B; terminating below in the vertical tube E, connected
The vessel H has attached to its upper
by means of the stop cock F with the nozzle G on the one hand, and continued
above to the spherical or other vessel H.
10 part another vertical tube I which carries the snifting apparatus K, hereinafter
more fully described, and is prolonged upwards past the stop cock L to a
This bottling
connecting tube M, which connects the apparatus with a bottling device for corked
or screw stoppered bottles or syphons, or other stoppered vessels.
apparatus we find it advisable to provide where such bottles or receptacles ar
45 used, but as the details of such apparatus form no portion of our invention, an
do not differ from those of ordinary aerating apparatuses they are not represente
on the drawing.
The bottle N of the usual ball stopper pattern is supported by the seat
which rests upon the pillar P, movable vertically in the sleeve Q under the influen
The bottle
50 of the band lever R. By means of this apparatus, the bottle N can be firm
pressed into the nozzle ring G, and any escape of liquid at the junction prevent
by means of a rubber washer or pad in the well-known manner.
should be quite full of liquid, the shaking of the same when run into H separat
the occluded air which is then released at K, being swept out and replaced
55 the mixed gases under pressure. The snifting device K is constructed as she
in the drawing, and serves to release the air in and above the liquid when the sa
into the vessel H.

page_text: The operation of the device is as follows:-The bottle of milk having been put
in place, and pressed by means of the lever handle R into the nozzle ring G, stop-
cock F is opened and L is closed, and the apparatus reversed, whereby the milk
is discharged from N into H, and the connection with the oxygen, and carbonic
acid gases being thus open, the gases also stream into the vessel H through the
connecting tubes, B and E sweeping the air before them, which air is released
at K, by opening the valve K momentarily by means of the handle, and the gases
then saturate the liquid in H.
The milk flows by gravity out of the bottle N into the vessel H, and by swinging
the apparatus to and fro the milk is thoroughly agitated with the mixed gases, and
absorbs them to the required extent. The apparatus is then restored to the position
shewn in the drawing, and the milk flows back into the bottle in which the ball
stopper shewn firmly seats itself against the rubber ring inside the neck, and
the internal pressure maintains the same firmly closed. The cock F is closed, the
lever R is lowered, and the bottle thus released from the nozzle G can be removed,
and a fresh bottle with milk substituted, and the process repeated as before. Or the
bottle may have no ball stopper, and its contents after charging with gas, may be
delivered through M to the separate bottling apparatus as aforesaid.
The operation as described is that specially devised for the treatment of milk.
It is, however, equally applicable for the aeration of other beverages, nutritive
liquids, or combinations of liquids; and the process of charging, and the apparatus
required is substantially the same as that already described and illustrated.
În certain cases, the treatment with gases may with advantage be consecutive,
whereby both the aerobic and the anaerobic bacilli are attacked thus the liquid
may be first treated by carbonic acid alone, and after a sufficient interval, a
proportion of oxygen be added which will react upon those organisms which can
Hourish only in a non-oxygenated atmosphere. The principle of the process remains
the same in any case.
In the case of the transport of liquid in considerable bulk we construct a deep
cistern or churn preferably cylindrical or slightly conical, for the purpose, in which
a tube passes nearly to the bottom of the vessel, through which tube the gases are
forced at a sufficient pressure through the contained liquid, until the air dissolved
therein as well as the air above the level of the liquid in the churn has been
effectively removed. The churn is then closed, and subjected to pressure of at
least 30 lbs. per square inch, and hermetically closed at this pressure.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said
invention and in what manner the saine is to be performed, we declare that what
we claim is:
1. The improved process for the preservation of milk and other liquids, without
the aid of antiseptics or boiling, consisting essentially in subjecting the cold or
cooled liquid to agitation, in order to release the dissolved air therefrom, and then
charging the same with carbonic acid gas mixed with oxygen gas, at a pressure of
at least 30 lbs. per square inch, and hermetically sealing the vessel containing the
said liquid under such pressure.
2. In the process set forth in Claim 1, causing the carbonic acid gas to react first
upon the aerobic germs or organisms and then adding the oxygen gas to complete
the sterilisation in respect to the anaerobic germs or organisms substantially as
described.
3. In combination with an apparatus for preserving liquids by gases under
pressure, the valve K for releasing the air from above the liquid substantially
hereinbefore described, and shown.
4. The combination of parts forming the apparatus for preserving liquids by
mixture of compressed oxygen and of carbonic acid gas and exclusion of the a..
therefrom, substantially as hereinbefore described and illustrated in the accon
panying drawing.
5. The improved apparatus for preserving liquids in bulk consisting essentially

page_text: of a deep, preferably cylindrical or slightly conical vessel, having a tube
nearly to the bottom through which the gases under pressure are passed for the
purpose of removing air from the liquid and from above the same, and saturating
the liquid with carbonic acid and oxygen under pressure, an outlet for the expelled
air, and a hermetically closed cover substantially as and for the purpose described.
ber 1898
W. P. THOMPSON & Co.,
229 High Holborn, London, W.C., Patent Agents for the Applicants.