- PROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF IRON."
Year: 1867

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James Hargreaves, of Appleton-within-Widnes, in
the County of Lancaster, Analytical Chemist, for the Invention of "IM-
- PROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF IRON."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION. left by the said James Hargreaves at
the Office of the Commissioners. of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 21st September 1867.
I, JAMES HARGREAVES, of Appleton-within-Widnes, in the County of
Lancaster, Analytical Chemist, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF IRON," to be as
follows:-
с
The first part of my Invention has for its object to improve the quality of
iron. For this purpose I use chloride of manganese, and preferably that
chloride of manganese now a waste product of the manufacture of bleaching
powder or chloride of lime.
In practice I mix the said chloride of manganese with the materials com-
posing the burden of the blast or other furnace, or I mix the said chloride
of manganese with lime or other suitable alkaline, earthy, or metallic oxide,
thus causing the formation of oxide of manganese and chloride of the metals
existing in the said alkaline, earthy, or metallic oxide by double._de-

page_text: composition, and then add the oxide of manganese thus obtained to the furnace.
In making iron for ordinary foundry purposes I add half a hundredweight of
the chloride of manganese to every five tons of iron contained in the ore.
The second part of my Invention has for its object to avoid the great waste
and deterioration of the quality of iron which at present takes place by
casting molten iron in sand or other silicious material. For this purpose the
following materials or a mixture of any two or more of them in a granular or
pulverulent condition are used to form the beds or moulds into which molten
iron is to be run or poured, oxide of iron and its compounds, oxide of
nanganese and its compounds, lime and its compounds, baryta and its
compounds, soda and its compounds, potassa and its compounds, alumina
and its compounds.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said James Hargreaves in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
20th March 1868.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JAMES
HARGREAVES, of Appleton-within-Widnes, in the County of Lancaster,
Analytical Chemist, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-first day of September, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-seven, in the thirty-first year of
Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto
me, the said James Hargreaves, Her special license that I, the said James
Hargreaves, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as
I, the said James Hargreaves, my executors, administrators, and assigns,
should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at
all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully
might make, use,. exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man; an Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF IRON," upon the condition (amongst
others) that I, the said James Hargreaves, my executors or: administrators,
by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands..and
seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Inveu-
tion, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the
same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months
next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent. :

page_text: NOW KNOW.YE, that I, the said James Hargreaves, do hereby declare the
nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement thereof, that is to say :-
My Invention has for its object to improve the quality of iron. For this
purpose I employ chloride of manganese, and preferably that chloride of
manganese now a waste product of the manufacture of bleaching powder
or chloride of lime, but as since the filing of my Provisional Specification I
have ascertained that it has been proposed to use chloride of manganese to
improve the quality of iron I confine myself to the mode of use herein-after
set forth.
In carrying my Invention into effect I mix chloride of manganese with
the materials composing the burden of the blast furnace or other like furnace
in manner following, that is to say I take a solution of chloride of
manganese of such specific gravity that small coal will float upon it, say a
specific gravity of 1-320 or thereabouts, and wash or agitate in or amongst it
the stnall coal which is to be coked and added to the burden of the furnace."
The impurities contained in the said coal, such as shale and pyrites, fall to the
bottom of the said solution, and the pure coal floats on the top. I skim off
the coal, and after adding milk of lime to it in such proportions as to decompose
the chloride of manganese and form chloride of calcium and protoxide of
manganese, or without adding the milk of lime as it is not absolutely
necessary, although I prefer it, I use it treated as aforesaid for the manu-
facture of coke, which said coke I use in the manufacture of iron in any blast
furnace or furnace of like construction in the manner in which coke is usually
employed.
Since filing my Provisional Specification I have also ascertained that that
part of my said Provisional Specification therein referred to as the second part,
and which related to the use of oxides of iron, oxides of manganese, lime,
baryta, soda, potassa, alumina, and compounds of one or more of these several
substances to form the beds or moulds into which molten iron was to be cast,
was old at the date thereof, I therefore do not claim the use of these
substances for the purpose mentioned as of my Invention.
Having now described the nature of my said Invention, and particularized
the same, so that others acquainted with the manufacture of iron will be
enabled to carry it into effect, I would have it understood that what I claim, it
being understood that I do not claim the use of a solution of chloride of
manganese to separate shale and pyrites from coal, is, the use or employment

page_text: of chloride of manganese, substantially in the manner and for the purpose
herein set forth.
In witness whereof, I, the said James Hargreaves, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Seventeenth day of March, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-eight.
In the presence of
JOHN T. KING,
Patent Agent,
Liverpool.
JAMES HARGREAVES. (L.S.)