IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS TO BE EMPLOYED IN THE MANUFACTURE OR CONSTRUCTION OF BARRELS
Year: 1879

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Bristow Hunt, of Serle Street, Lincoln's Inn, in the
County of Middlesex, Gentleman, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY OR APPARATUS TO BE EMPLOYED IN THE MANUFACTURE OR
CONSTRUCTION OF BARRELS." A communication from abroad by Henry
Urban Palmer, of Brooklyn, State of New York, in the United States of
America, Manufacturer.
Sealed the 12th December 1879, and dated the 14th June 1879.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Bristow Hunt at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 14th June 1879.
BRISTOW HUNT, of Serle Street, Lincoln's Inn, in the County of Middlesex,
Gentleman. "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS TO BE EMPLOYED IN
THE MANUFACTURE OR CONSTRUCTION OF BARRELS." (A communication from
abroad by Henry Urban Palmer, of Brooklyn, State of New York, in the United
States of America, Manufacturer.)
This Invention, which relates to improvements in machinery or apparatus to be
employed in the manufacture or construction of barrels, comprises an improved
windlass, whereby a barrel body is drawn into shape to be furnished with its
trussing hoops; a heating apparatus for drying or seasoning the barrel body; and
a chamfering, howelling, and crozing apparatus for finishing the ends of the staves
of the barrel.
In the formation of barrels a sufficient number of staves to constitute the body
are first set up by hand in a "former," which contains the trussing hoops for one
of its ends. In this condition the staves are so considerably spread at the opposite
end as to require much force to overcome their elasticity, and draw them together
into proper form to receive trussing hoops at that end. This is accomplished by
a windlass constituting a part of the present Invention, and which will now be
described.
The mechanism of the windlass is supported in a stout frame composed of four
upright posts, to which is secured a bed plate which is provided with a central
curved recess at one side. A tightening rope is fastened to a metal eye bolt which
is secured at one end of the machine by means of a cross bar, the bolt passing
through a sleeve and being provided with a screw nut. At its opposite end this
Price 10d1

page_text: rope is attached by a stout chain connected by an eye to a winding spindle which
is journalled in a swinging bracket frame, the ends of which are pivoted by lugs
which fit suitable sockets in journalled plates bolted to the said posts. The
winding spindle carries at one end a friction wheel, which may be raised and
pressed into contact with a frictional driving wheel, which is carried upon a
shaft which is constantly rotated by means of a pulley, a driving band, and a
suitable motor.
The swinging bracket frame is provided with an operating lever, pivoted and
attached to the frame by means of connecting rods and with a rod connecting it
with a foot treadle, the arrangement being such that a depression of the treadle
will raise the frame and force the friction wheel into contact with the driving
wheel.
The set up barrel body carrying the truss hoops, by which its one end is held
and the body sustained, is placed in proper position with its lower end governed
by a curved guide block. The tightening rope is then taken from its hook and
bent around the flaring staves at the mouth end of the barrel body. The attendant
then depresses the foot treadle, thereby raising the bracket frame and forcing the
friction wheel into contact with the driving wheel, whereupon the said friction
wheel is driven frictionally from the driving wheel and the winding spindle is
slowly rotated to wind the stout chain upon its surface and tighten the rope
around the barrel end, thereby drawing the flaring staves tightly together, when
a truss hoop temporarily upon an arm is placed over the barrel end to hold it in
its new form. The treadle is then released (a stop limiting its upward movement
and controlling the downward movement of the bracket frame), and the elasticity
of the rope will react so as to unwind the rope far enough from the winding
spindle to permit of its being released from the barrel end and again hung up on
the hook. The barrel body is then removed, a new one put in its place, and the
operation repeated. In order that the rope may be wound up quickly at the
beginning of the operation, when the staves are considerably spread, and then be
moved slowly towards the end of the operation when the staves are being drawn
tightly together, the winding spindle is preferably made of a conical form. By
these means the rope will be moved rapidly at the beginning of the operation,
which motion will be slowly decreased towards the end of its operation, as will be
readily apparent.
The barrel body now requires to be properly dried, which is done by heating it.
This heating must necessarily be even and continuous, and therefore should be
applied with such regularity that all parts of the barrel body are affected alike.
The improved heating apparatus is designed to rapidly effect this and will now be
explained.
The improving heating apparatus consists mainly of a moving barrel body
supporting table, which is provided with guides for centreing the barrel body
upon it, and of a stove of a proper form to permit the barrel body to be placed
over it.
This stove consists of a sheet metal or cast iron cylindrical body, which is sup-
ported upon a base rising from a bed plate.
This base is provided with a rectangular flange of such dimensions and shape
as will adapt it to support the table, and at suitable points it is perforated to
provide draught openings. A draught pipe leading to a chimney projects through
the base, and turns at right angles to receive and support an extension or flue pipe
which stands within the stove, and concentric, or nearly so, with its walls. This
flue pipe passes through a grate with which the stove is supplied at a point near
its bottom, and is provided at its upper end with a hood. The grate is movably
supported on a ledge provided for that purpose, and has an arm projecting through
the walls of the stove at one side, whereby it may be vibrated slightly with the
walls of the stove and flue pipe for its guides to discharge the ashes from the fire.
The upper end of the stove has an appropriate feeding opening, which is protected
by a cover.

page_text: The rectangular flange is provided with a circular seat in which a number of
friction balls are placed, and the table is similarly provided with a circular seat
adapted to rest upon the said friction balls, whereby the said table may be rotated
with the walls of the stove as its centre of motion, the table having a circular
central opening spanning the stove. In place of this construction the table may
rest and move upon a circular ledge projecting from the rectangular flange, and
entering a circular seat in the underside of the table, or vice versa. This table
may be rotated by many means as follows:-It may have a toothed periphery in
the form of a worm wheel engaging a worm mounted in suitable bearings and
properly revolved. Its periphery may be grooved to form a pulley which a driving
band connects with a driving pulley. Its upper external edge may have a circular
rack bar engaged and driven by a pawl which is carried by a shaft properly
reciprocated.
The fuel for the fire in the stove is introduced through the foeding opening and
is deposited upon the grate, the hood preventing the fuel from falling into the flue
pipe. The air promoting combustion enters the draught openings, passes through
the stove, and thence down the flue pipes, and out through the said draught pipe
to the chimney. As all fires burn irregularly it is necessary in order to subject all
parts of the barrel body to a regular degree of heat that it should be slowly
revolved about the stove, and thus be presented to and at all points alike. The
barrel body is therefore set upon the table so as to stand over the stove, and is
supported equidistant therefrom by means of radially adjustable centreing guides
projecting from the table. The table being set in motion carries the barrel body
slowly about the stove, the heat of which regularly and evenly dries the same.
A regulating draught for the fire may be obtained by a sliding door at one side of
the stove.
The stove body may of course be built up of sections, where several sections of
proper form rest one upon another.
Barrels are commonly of bilge form, that is, their staves are bent into concave-
convex form, whereby their central portions stand considerably out of a plane
passing through their ends. This form therefore presents the end portions of the
barrel body nearer to a stove having straight sides than it does its middle body
portions. The result of this is, that the middle portions of the barrels are not sub-
jected to as great a heat as are its ends, and imperfect results are obtained. To
remedy such defect the stove may be constructed with a body presenting a bilge
form, coinciding at least approximately with that of the barrel body, whereby the
barrel body when placed over the stove stands equidistant from the stove body at
all points, and a perfectly even drying is the result.
When the barrel body has been properly seasoned and provided with its trussing
hoops, it requires to be trussed, that is, its staves must be moved endwise until
they are evened or levelled at both ends, and its trussing hoops must be driven so
tightly upon its body as to draw the staves together, and form a stiff structure
capable of sustaining further finishing operations.
To effect the operation of trussing, the inventor employs improved apparatus for
which I have on even date herewith applied for Letters Patent, the title of the
Invention being "Improvements in Machinery or Apparatus for Trussing Barrels,
Kegs, and similar Vessels."
The seasoned and trussed barrel bodies are then finished so as to adapt them to
receive their heads by chamfering and crozing the inner surfaces of their staves
when slack barrels are produced, or chamfering, howelling, and crozing them, when
tight barrels are produced.
The machine adapted to perform these operations will now be described:-The
several mechanisms are supported upon a framework consisting of end frames
united by side rails. Upon this framework are mounted at each end sliding
carriages, which are composed of side bars formed to embrace and slide toward and
from the centre of the machine upon the side rails, the side bars being connected
together by transverse bars. At their forward ends these carriages are provided

page_text: with circular flanged rings or heads, which are bolted at their bottoms to the side
bars, and supported at their tops by brace bars bolted to them, and to the
transverse bars.
Within the flanges of these circular heads are placed revolving chucks which
have toothed peripheries which engage driving pinions. These chucks are sup-
ported by the rear flanges of the circular heads, and by small plates projecting
inward from the faces of the said heads.
These driving pinions are mounted upon a longitudinal shaft journalled in the
end frames, and properly rotated by a pulley and a suitably driven belt, the said
shaft being recessed to receive a spline inwardly projecting from the hubs of the
said pinions, whereby the pinions may be moved longitudinally on the said shaft,
while being continuously rotated by it.
These pinions (there being one for each of the chucks) are caused to move with
the circular heads by means of plates which project from the heads, straddle the
longitudinal shaft, and bear upon the rear side of the said pulleys, while brackets
held by bolts to the transverse bars afford capped bearings for the said shaft, which
extend down in front of the said pulleys. These brackets also carry inclined bars
which are adjustable vertically in slots therein, and which support the barrel body
as will appear. To each of the sliding carriages is attached the chamfering,
howelling, and crozing cutters, as follows:-Each cutter head is mounted upon a
shaft which is journalled in a swinging frame provided with arms which are
journalled on a shaft. This shaft carries a pulley over which runs a belt properly
driven to constantly rotate the said cutter head. The cutter head is provided with
cutters, which cut the inner ends of the stave in an inclined direction, thus cham-
fering off the said staves. It is also provided with cutters which cut the croze.
These cutters are preferably arranged in pairs, but may be single, and additional
cutters so shaped as to cut the howel may be attached to the head, in which case the
crozing cutter or cutters will be so shaped as to cut the croze. The howelling
being only required when tight work is operated upon, will be omitted when
loose work is to be treated, at which time chamfering and crozing will alone be
effected.
A lance knife carried by a second swinging frame, also hung on the said shaft,
operates to cut off the projecting ends of the staves forming the barrel body.
The frame of the cutter head has a lever arın projecting down on one side of
tappets carried by a rock-shaft which is moved by a hand lever, and the swinging
frame has a similar lever arm projecting on the opposite side of the said tappets.
The frame of the cutter head is attached to a bracket by a sliding link bolt having
a spring buffer, and carries on its opposite side a similar bolt, also having a spring
buffer;
this construction of the parts being such that a movement of the cutter head
in either direction may be made through the elasticity of these buffers. The frame
of the cutter head is held in its outermost position by means of a weight attached
to it, while the carrier supporting the lance knife is held in its outermost position
by its own gravity. Upon moving the hand lever the tappets will so bear upon
the said lever arms as to spread them apart, thus swinging the cutter head inwardly
and the lance blade carrier inwardly for purposes which will appear. The carriages
are moved to and fro from the centre of the machine upon the rails, as follows:-
At the centre of the machine is provided a rock shaft which is moved by a lever,
and is provided with rock arms which connect respectively with the said carriages
by means of rods.
When the carriages are standing in their outermost positions, a trussed barrel
held in form by means of its truss hoops is placed in the machine between the said
carriages, when it rests upon the said inclined bars. The last mentioned lever is
then rocked by hand to slide the carriages towards each other, whereby the said
barrel body is directed by the inclined bars into the chucks, which are forced over
the ends of the barrel body far enough to embrace and hold it, thereby causing the
said barrel body to take up their rotary motion, and be revolved at a proper speed.
In thus moving the carriages inwardly to force the chucks onto the ends of the

page_text: barrel, the pinions driving the said chucks are pushed forward by projections, and
all the mechanisms supported by the carriages are likewise moved forward. The
barrel body being in proper position and revolving, the hand lever is rocked, and
through the tappets throws the cutter heads toward the inner periphery of the ends
of the barrel body, and far enough for the cutters to operate thereon, and chamfer
and croze, or chamfer, croze, and howel, as may be, and throws the lance blade into
contact with the outer periphery of the barrel, and to cut off the extremities of the
staves and produce a perfect or even end. These operations accomplished, the
cutting devices are withdrawn by a proper movement of the hand lever, and
the carriages are moved apart to release the finished barrel body by means of the
other lever.
The cutter head is provided with a guard the arms of which protect the cutters
and prevent their being injured as the barrel body is introduced and removed
either by its end striking them or one of its truss hoops, which may have become
loose, falling upon them.
The lance knife is adjusted to a proper cutting length by a screw, which limits
its protrusion through its carrier, which latter is provided with a curved guard
which acts as a supporting rest at the point where the cutters operate upon the
barrel body. The carrier also has a stop adjusted by a screw which limits the
forward throw of the cutter head, and therefore the depth of cuts its cutting devices
shall make.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Bristow Hunt in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 13th December
1879.
BRISTOW HUNT, of Serle Street, Lincoln's Inn, in the County of Middlesex,
Gentleman. "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS TO BE EMPLOYED IN
THE MANUFACTURE OR CONSTRUCTION OF BARRELS." (A communication from
abroad by Henry Urban Palmer, of Brooklyn, State of New York, in the United
States of America.)
This Invention, which relates to improvements in machinery or apparatus
employed in the manufacture or construction of barrels, comprises an improved
windlass, whereby a barrel body is drawn into shape to be furnished with its
trussing hoops; a heating apparatus for drying or seasoning the barrel body; and
a chamfering, howelling, and crozing apparatus for finishing the ends of its
staves.
In the formation of barrels a sufficient number of staves to constitute its body
are first set up by hand in a "former," which contains the trussing hoops for one
of its ends. In this condition the staves are so considerably spread at the opposite
end as to require much force to overcome their elasticity and draw them together
into proper form to receive trussing hoops at that end. This is accomplished
by a windlass constituting a part of the present Invention, and which will now be
described,

page_text: This windlass is illustrated in Figures 1 to 4, of which Figure 1 is a side
elevation; Figure 2, a plan view; Figure 3, an end elevation; and Figure 4, a
detail plan view.
The mechanism of the windlass is supported in a stout frame composed of four
upright posts 130, 131, 132, to which is secured a bed plate 134, which is provided
with a central curved recess 135 at one side. A tightening rope 114 is fastened to
a metal eye bolt 126, which is secured at one end of the machine by means of a
cross-bar 138, the bolt passing through a sleeve 128, and being provided with a
screw nut 127. At its opposite end this rope 114 is attached by a stout chain 111
connected by an eye 109 to a winding spindle 110, which is journalled in a swinging
bracket frame 125, the ends 102, 103, of which are pivoted by lugs 104, 105, which
fit suitable sockets in journalled plates 107, 108, bolted to the said posts 130, 131,
see Figure 4. The winding spindle 110 carries at one end a friction wheel 120, which
may be raised and pressed into contact with a frictional driving wheel 122 which
is carried upon a shaft 112, which is constantly rotated by means of a pulley 123, &
driving band 124, and a suitable motor. The swinging bracket frame 125 is pro-
vided with an operating lever 143 pivoted at 144, and attached to the frame by
means of connecting rods 147, 148, see Figure 2, and with a rod 142 connecting it
with a foot treadle 140, the arrangement being such that a depression of the treadle
will raise the frame 125 and force the wheel 120 into contact with the driving
wheel 122.
The set-up barrel body carrying the truss hoops 9, 10, by which its one end is
held and the body sustained, is placed in proper position with its lower end
governed by a curved guide block 136. The tightening rope 114 is then taken
from its hook 115, and bent around the flaring staves at the mouth end of the
barrel body. The attendant then depresses the foot treadle 140, thereby raising
the bracket frame 125, and forcing the wheel 120 into contact with the wheel 122,
whereupon the wheel 120 is driven frictionally from the wheel 122, and the
spindle 110 is slowly rotated to wind the chain 111 upon its surface and tighten
the rope 114 around the barrel end, thereby drawing the flaring staves tightly:
together, as in Figure 1, when a truss hoop temporarily upon an arm 117 is placed
over the barrel end to hold it in its new form. The treadle 140 is then released
(a stop 150 limiting its upward movement, and controlling the downward move-
ment of the bracket 125), and the elasticity of the rope 114 will react so as to
unwind the rope far enough from the spindle 110 to permit of its being released
from the barrel end and again hung up on the hook 115. The barrel body is then
removed, a new one put in its place, and the operation repeated.
In order that the rope may be wound up quickly at the beginning of the
operation when the staves are considerably spread, and then be moved slowly
towards the end of the operation when the staves are being drawn tightly together,
the winding spindle is preferably made of a conical form, as shown in Figure 4, the
said conical spindle being marked 116. By these means the rope will be moved
rapidly at the beginning of the operation which motion will be slowly decreased
towards the end of its operation, as will be readily apparent.
The barrel body now requires to be properly dried, which is done by heating it.
This beating must necessarily be even and continuous, and therefore should be
applied with such regularity that all parts of the barrel body are affected alike.
The improved leating apparatus is designed to rapidly effect this, and will now be
explained.
Figure 5 illustrates a side elevation thereof partly in section; Figure 6, a plan
view; Figure 7, a broken sectional elevation; Figure 8, a broken side elevation
partly in section; Figure 9, a broken side elevation; and Figure 10, a partial
sectional elevation.
The heating apparatus consists mainly of a moving barrel body supporting table,
which is provided with guides for centreing the barrel body upon it, and of a stove
of a proper form to permit the barrel body to be placed over it.
This stove 59 consists of a sheet metal or cast iron cylindrical body 60, which is

page_text: supported upon a base 61 rising from a bed plate 62. The base 61 is provided
with a rectangular flange 63 of such dimensions and shape as will adapt it to
support the table 64, and at suitable points it is perforated to provide draught
openings 84. A draught pipe 65 leading to a chimney projects through the base,
and turns at right angles to receive and support an extension or flue pipe 66 which
stands within the stove, and concentric or nearly so with its walls 60. This flue-
pipe 66 passes through a grate 67, with which the stove is supplied at a point near
its bottoin, and is provided at its upper end with a hood 69. The grate 67 is
movably supported on a ledge 68 provided for that purpose, and has an arm 70
projecting through the walls 60 of the stove at one side, whereby it may be
vibrated slightly, with the walls of the stove and the flue pipe for its guides to
discharge the ashes from the fire. The upper end of the stove has an appropriate
feeding opening, which is protected by a cover 72.
The flange 63 is provided with a circular seat 73, Figure 6, in which a number of
friction balls 74 are placed, and the table 64 is similarly provided with a circular
seat 75, adapted to rest upon the said friction balls, so that the table may be rotated
with the walls of the stove as its centre of motion, the table having a circular central
opening spanning the stove. In place of this construction the table may rest and
move upon a circular ledge projecting from the flange 63, and entering a circular
seat in the underside of the table, or vice versa.
This table may be rotated by many means as follows:-It may have a toothed
periphery in the form of a worm wheel 76 engaging a worm 77 mounted in suitable
bearings and properly revolved. Its periphery may be grooved to form a pulley 78,
which a driving band 79 connects with a driving pulley 80. Its upper external
edge may have a circular rack bar 81 engaged and driven by a pawl 83, which is
carried by a shaft 82 properly reciprocated.
The fuel for the fire in the stove is introduced through the opening 71, and is
deposited upon the grate 67, the hood 69 preventing the fuel from falling into the
flue pipe 66. The air promoting combustion enters the openings 84, passes through
the stove 59, and thence down the flue pipe 66, and out through the pipe 65 to the
chimney, in the direction indicated by the arrows in Figure 7.
As all fires burn irregularly, it is necessary, in order to subject all parts of the
barrel body to a regular degree of heat that it should be slowly revolved about the
stove, and thus be presented to and at all points alike. The barrel body 86 is therefore
set upon the table 64 so as to stand over the stove, and is supported equidistant
therefrom by means of radially adjustable centreing guides 87 projecting from the
table. The table being set in motion carries the barrel body slowly about the stove,
the heat of which regularly and evenly dries the same. A. regulating draught for
the fire may be obtained by a sliding door 89, see Fig. 5, at one side of the
stove.
The stove body may of course be built up of sections, as in Figures 7 and 10,
where several sections of proper form rest one upon another.
Barrels are commonly made of "bilge" form, that is, their staves are bent into
concavo-convex form, whereby their central portions stand considerably out of a
plane passing through their ends. This form therefore presents the end portions of
the barrel body nearer to a stove having straight sides than it does its middle body
portions. The result of this is that the middle portions of the barrels are not
subjected to as great a heat as are its ends, and imperfect results are obtained. To
remedy such defect the stove is or may be constructed with a body 60 presenting a
bilge form coinciding, at least approximately, with that of the barrel body, as in
Figure 10, whereby the barrel body, when placed over the stove, stands equidistant
from the stove body at all points and a perfectly even drying is the result.
When the barrel body has been properly seasoned and provided with its trussing
hoops 9, 10, it requires to be trussed, that is, its staves must be moved end wise
until they are evened or levelled at both ends, and its trussing hoops must be driven
so tightly upon its body as to draw the staves together and form a stiff structure
capable of sustaining further finishing operations.

page_text: To effect the operation of trussing the inventor employs improved apparatus, for
which I have on even date herewith applied for Letters Patent, No. 23627, the title
for the Invention being "Improvements in Machinery or Apparatus for Trussing
Barrels, Kegs, and similar Vessels."
The seasoned and trussed barrel bodies are then finished so as to adapt them to
receive their heads by chamfering and crozing the inner surfaces of their staves
when slack barrels are produced, or chamfering, howelling, and crozing them when
tight barrels are produced.
The machine adapted to perform these operations will now be described.
Figure 11 represents a plan view partly in section; Figure 12, a side elevation
partly in section; Figure 13, an elevation showing the face of one of the sliding
carriages; and Figure 14, an end elevation of the machine.
The several mechanisms are supported upon a frame work consisting of end frames
52, 53, united by side rails 50, 51. Upon this frame-work are mounted at each end
sliding carriages A, B, which are composed of side bars 40, 41, formed to embrace
and slide toward and from the centre of the machine upon the side rails 50, 51, the
side bars being connected together by transverse bars 42, 43. At their forward
ends these carriages are provided with circular flanged rings or heads 44, which are
bolted at their bottoms to the bars 43, and supported at their tops by brace bars 45
bolted to them and to the bars 42.
Within the flanges of these circular heads 44 are placed revolving chucks 36,
which have toothed peripheries 37, which engage driving pinions 30. These chucks
are supported by rear flanges of the heads 44, and by small plates 1, 2, 3, projecting
inwardly from the faces of the heads.
These driving pinions 30 are mounted upon a longitudinal shaft 6 journalled in :
the end frames 52, 53, and properly rotated by a pulley 31 and a suitably driven
belt 32, the shuft being recessed at 7 to receive a spline 8 inwardly projecting from
the hubs of the said pinions, whereby the pinions may be moved longitudinally on
the said shaft while being continuously rotated by it.
These pinions (there being one for each of the chucks) are caused to move with
the heads 44 by means of plates 40, which project from the heads, straddle the shaft
6, and bear upon the rear side of the said pinions, while brackets 57 held by bolts 4
to the transverse bars 43 afford capped bearings for the shaft 6, and extend down
in front of the said pinions. The brackets 57 also carry inclined bars 55, which are
adjustable vertically in slots a therein, and will support the barrel body, as will
appear. To each of the sliding carriages A, B, is attached the chamfering, howelling,
and crozing cutters, as follows:-Each cutter-head O is mounted upon a shaft 20,
which is journalled in a swinging frame provided with arms 23, 235, which are
journalled on a shaft 15, which carries a pulley 21, see Figure 14, over which runs
a belt 22, properly driven to constantly rotate the said cutter head. The cutter 4
head is provided with cutters 12, which cut the inner ends of the staves in an
inclined direction, thus chamfering off the said staves, as shown at x in the detached
views. It is also provided with cutters 11, which cut the "croze," shown at y in
one of these Figures. These cutters are preferably arranged in pairs, as shown, but
may be single, and additional cutters so shaped as to cut the "howel" may be
attached to the head C, in which case the crozing cutter or cutters will be so shaped
as to cut the croze i. The howelling being only required when tight work is
operated upon will be omitted when loose work is to be treated, at which time
chamfering, as x, and crozing, as y, will alone be effected.
A lance knife 5, carried by a second swinging frame 35, also hung on the shaft 15,
operates to cut a channel into the staves from their outer side, which channel when
intersected by the cut made by the chamfering cutters removes the projecting ends
of the staves forming the barrel body.
The frame of the cutter head C has a lever arm 24 projecting down on one side
of tappets 13, 14, carried by a rock shaft 26, which is moved by a hand lever 27,
and the frame 35 has a similar lever arm 25 projecting on the opposite side of

page_text: the tappets 13, 14. The frame of the cutter head C is attached to a bracket 29 by
a sliding link bolt 60 having a spring buffer 33, and carries on its opposite side a
similar bolt 59 having a spring buffer 34, this continuation of the parts being such
that a movement of the cutter head C in either direction may be made through the
elasticity of these buffers 33, 34. The frame of the cutter-head C is held in its outer-
most position by means of a weight W attached to it, while the carrier supporting the
lance knife 5 is held in its outermost position by its own gravity. Upon moving
the hand lever 27 the tappets 13, 14, will so bear upon the levers 24, 25, as to spread
them apart, thus swinging the cutter-head C inwardly, and the lance blade carrier
inwardly, for purposes which will appear.
The carriages A, B, are moved to-and-fro from the centre of the machine upon
the rails 50, 51, as follows-At the centre of the machine is provided a rock-shaft
38, which is moved by a lever 39, and is provided with rock-arms 48, 49, which
connect respectively with the carriages A, B, by means of rods 46, 47.
When the carriages are standing in their outermost positions, as in Fig. 12, a
trussed barrel 100 held in form by means of its truss hoops 9, 10, is placed in the
machine between the said carriages when it rests upon the inclined bars 54, 55.
The lever 39 is then rocked by hand to slide the carriages towards each other,
whereby the said barrel body is directed by the inclined bars 54, 55, into the
chucks 36, which are forced over the ends of the barrel body far enough to embrace
and hold it, as in Figure 11, thereby causing the barrel body to take up their rotary
motion, and be revolved at a proper speed. In thus moving the carriages inwardly
to force the chucks 36 onto the ends of the barrel, the pinions 30 driving the chucks
are pushed forward by the projections 40, and all the mechanisms supported by the
carriages are likewise moved forward. The barrel body being in proper position
and revolving the hand lever 27 is rocked, and through the tappets 13, 14, throws
the cutter heads C towards the inner periphery of the ends of the barrel body, and
far enough for the cutters to operate thereon, and chamfer and croze, or chamfer,
croze, or howel, as may be, and throws the lance blade 5 into contact with the
outer periphery of the barrel end to cut a channel into the staves, which is
intersected by the cut made by the chamfering cutters, whereby the extremities of
the staves are removed to produce a perfect or even end. These operations accom-
plished the cutting devices are withdrawn by a proper movement of the lover 27,
and the carriages are moved apart to release the finished barrel body by means of
the lever 39.
The cutter head C is provided with a guard, the arms 18, 19, of which protect
the cutters, and prevent their being injured as the barrel body is introduced and
removed, either by its end striking them or one of its truss hoops, which may have
become loose, falling upon them.
The lance knife is adjusted to a proper cutting length by a screw 16, which
limits its protrusion through its carrier, which latter is provided with a curved
guard 28, which acts as a supporting rest at the point where the cutters operate upon
the barrel body.
The carrier 35 also has a stop 90 adjusted by a screw 56, which limits the
forward throw of the cutter head C, and therefore the depth of cut its cutting devices
shall make.
It will be observed that when the cutter heads C and the carrier 35 are thrown
inwardly or into operative positions by the movement of the lever 27, the weight W
will constantly press the said cutter heads C, and the carrier 35 bodily toward the
centre of the machine, which movement of them will be controlled by the guard 28
of the lance knife 5, which guard bearing upon the outer periphery of the barrel
body will follow any irregular curvature thereof, and thus enable the cutters to be
automatically moved into proper positions to operate upon the barrel body, whether
the same be round or not.
Having now described the nature and object of the said Invention, together with
the manner in which the same is to be or may be performed or carried into practical

page_text: effect, I would remark in conclusion that I claim as the Invention communicated
to me by the above named Henry Urban Palmer,―
1. A windlass for drawing barrel bodies into form to receive trussing hoops, con-
sisting essentially of a tightening rope 114 and a winding spindle 110, which is
provided with a frictional driving wheel 120, the said winding spindle and driving
wheel being carried in a swinging frame, whereby the said devices may be set in
motion by moving the said frame to raise the wheel 120 into contact with a driver
as the wheel 122.
2. In such a machine the application and use of the conical winding spindle
shaft 116.
3. A barrel body heating apparatus, consisting essentially of a revolving barrel
sustaining platform and a stationary stove of such form as to receive the barrel body
over it.
4. In a barrel heating apparatus the revolving barrel sustaining platform 64, and
a stove having a bilge formn (Figure 10), whereby the sides of the barrel body are
supported equidistant from the stove at all points, and an even drying at all points
is effected.
5. The combination of the adjustable guides 87 with the platform or table 64 and
stove 59.
6. The combination with the stationary stove of the table 64, and the described
means for rotating the same.
7. The combination of the base 61, having a flange 63, table 64, stove 59, and
devices for revolving the table.
8. The combination of the sliding carriages A, B, each carrying a revolving
chuck 36, having a toothed periphery 37, sliding driving pinions 30, and their driving
shaft turning in stationary bearings with the rock aliaft 38, rock arms 48, 49, con-
necting rods 46, 47, and lever 39, whereby the barrel body is brought into position,
clamped, and rotated; and in combination therewith I also claim,―
9. The inclined bars 54, 55.
10. The swinging cutter heads C; and
11. The swinging carrier supporting the lance knife 5.
12. I also claim the combination with the carrier supporting the lance knife 5 of
the guard 28.
13. The combination with the swinging frames of the cutter heads C and the
swinging carriers of the lance knives 5, of the stops 90, and their adjusting screw
nuts 56,
14. The combination with the swinging frames of the cutter heads C and the
swinging carriers of the lance kuives 5 of the arms 24, 25, tappets 13, 14, and
actuating lever 27; and
15. The application and use of the cutter guards 18, 19,
Each and all substantially as and for the purposes hereinbefore described and as
illustrated on the accompanying Sheets of Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said Bristow Hunt, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this Thirteenth day of December, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and seventy-nine.