Method of and Apparatus for Purifying Gases and Obtaining Con- stituents or By-products contained therein.
Year: 1898

page_text: Date of Application, 28th Dec., 1898
Complete Specification Left, 23rd Sept, 1899-Accepted, 23rd Dec., 1899
Method of and Apparatus for Purifying Gases and Obtaining Con-
stituents or By-products contained therein.
I, EDUARD THEISEN, of No 9, Weiderstrasse, Baden-Baden, in the Empire of
Germany, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows
Vanous methods have been proposed for obtaining an energetic reciprocal
action between gases and liquids brought in contact by centrifugal action
Such
a method was described in the Specification to my Patent No 16,726 of 1892
In many cases the action of the gases merely upon the surface of the liquid
18 not sufficient, even when such surface is increased by imparting a corrugated
form thereto
The present invention has for its object to produce a more energetic reciprocal
action between gases and liquids, and it relates more particularly to the treat
ment of waste gases from coke ovens and the like, for the purpose of effecting
the rapid purification and cooling thereof as also for obtaining strong ammonia
and benzene, which operations require a much more intensive reaction between
the gas and water than was possible with apparatus heretofore proposed, at any
rate, if it be desned to cany out the process with moderate sized apparatus
The absorbing and cooling property of the washing liquid when operating
during a very short time is increased according to the present invention by pio-
ducing at the first contact of the hot gases and the liquid a strong evaporation,
accompanied if necessary with pulverisation of the washing liquid
In thus producing a very intimate mixture of the waste gases to be treated
with the steam produced, the action is greatly increased, by, to a certain extent,
a molecular division of the bodies, and by this means the absorption of the
ammonia 18 considerably accelerated, and also the cooling 18 greatly facilitated
The process therefore has to be so conducted in the first division of a centrifugal
apparatus that an energetic evaporation and intermixture of the produced steam
with the waste gases can take place, that is to say, as little washing liquid must
be supplied as possible It will be advisable to heat this in the first instance
by suitable means either externally to or within the centrifugal apparatus, and
alangements must be provided to cover a maximum extent of surface with a
minimum quantity of water or other washing or absorbing liquid.
The ideal arrangement would be that only so much water 18 supplied as 18
required for evaporation so that in this first division no discharge of liquid
would take place This however cannot be practically attained
At the second stage of the process on the other hand a strong cooling action
Is sought to be attained, whereby the previously generated steam is condensed
together with the constituents absorbed thereby.
This condensation can also be effected by simple surface action, producing an
effectual separation of the waterv particles.

page_text: By such a treatment of the coke oven gases, washing liquors are obtained
which are to a considerable extent enriched with ammonia, but not so perfectly
as is desirable both for its advantageous subsequent utilisation, and for purifying
the gases to the greatest possible extent
For this purpose the said washing liquid 18 subjected to a second treatment
by centrifugal action together with the gases in such manner that the gases
are made to penetrate through the liquid over extended surfaces, the arrange-
ment being such that the weaker liquid is brought in contact in the outer com-
partments of a centrifugal apparatus with the most purified gases and in then
travelling in the direction towards the axis of the apparatus, become more and
more eniiched by contact with the more impure gases In particular the
arrangement 18 such that several concentric stationary compartments are pio-
vided consisting of siphon-like cells, and that in the apaces between the com-
partments centrifugal blades are made to revolve, which exercise on the inner
Bule a sucking action and on the outer side a forcing action on the gases.
In this way it is possible not only to force the gases through all the cells of
all the compartments from the interior to the exterior, but also at the same time
to produce a continuous flow of the liquid from the outer compartiments to the
inner ones, on account of the increasing pressure towards the outside producing
a difference of liquid level in the inner and outer cells
By this means the requisite reversed duection of the gas and liquid is obtained
On the accompanying drawing are shewn by way of example two apparatus by
means of which the two stages of the process can be called out.
Fig 1 shews a vertical section of the first described apparatus; Fig 2 shewa
a part sectional plan of Fig 1; Fig 3 18 vertical section and Fig 4 a sectional
plan of the second described apparatus
In Fig 1A is the shaft of the centiutugal apparatus, on the upper end of which
is mounted a conical head with vanes b which owing to the conical form draw
the gases from the pipe C and impart centrifugal motion thereto
To the head B is fixed the cylindical part D with blades d, and carrying the
plate E
On this plate are the centrifugal devices F¹ F2 F³ composed of oblique
blades e and radial pieces f, forming a closed ring
These ings evolve in chambers formed by fixed walls G G G G hanging
down from a plate H To these walls is attached a bottom plate K on which are
formed annular channels by means of the partitions
Into these annular channels project the discharge nozzles 91 9³ ³ fixed to the
plate E and serving to discharge the liquid flowing off the walls G₁ G² G'.
The liquid drawn in by the blades b and propelled thereby with centrifugal
action 18 subjected to farther centrifugal action by the blades d, and passes in
a zigzag direction through the several chambers of the apparatus as indicated
by the arrows), Fig 1
The centrifugal devices F F F operate herein with a two fold action
They not only propel the gases outward in the known manner so as to produce
an energetic reciprocal action between them and the liquid on the walls G G³ G³,
but it has also been found that owing to the peculiar combination of oblique
and radial parts e and f, an increased gas pressure in the inward direction is
produced, though not so high a pressure as the outward directed one, provided
that the radial parts project near enough to the liquid By imparting a suitable
inclination to these parts the up and down motion of the gas can be increased
It will be seen that by this two fold action of the centrifugal devices a very
powerful action can be produced in a very small space
The several walls G G2 G³ consist each of a thin main body L into the
hollow space of which the liquid flows through the nozzles m¹ m³ &c.
The hollow space thus formed is provided with openings 1 so that the liquid
can issue on both sides
The surfaces on to which it flows are suitably formed for producing the greatest
possible distribution of a thin layer of liquid over very extended surfaces, and

page_text: for this purpose they may be, for example, provided with narrow transverse ribs
or preferably they are covered with wire gauze M
The supply of liquid is so regulated that as little as possible 18 made to flow
through the nozzles m³, and this should be as hot as possible
In some cases the wall G¹ may be provided with a heating coil on its inner
side
The liquid, which 18 generally water, evaporates rapidly and thereby cools the
gas, the steam formed becoming intimately mixed therewith.
Any water that may flow off and that will contain ammonia, if coke oven
gases are being treated, passes through the tube g¹ in the innermost annular
channel on to the plate K Through the tubes m³ m³ laiger quantities of water
aie introduced.
The gases will have become considerably cooled by the above described means,
so that on the surfaces of the walls G G³ a complete condensation of the aqueous
vapours will be effected, together with a considerable quantity of the absorbed
ammonia
The watery liquor produced will run into the two outer annular channels.
The outer surface G is either not supplied at all with water, or if it is 80 supplied,
it is advisable to cover the surface of the water with a fine sieve in such mauner
that the particles of liquid still contained in the gases are thrown off by centri-
fugal action behind the sieve, but that the liquid is not materially disturbed
by a duect impact of the gases thereon This last chamber can therefore be
considered as drying chambei From it the gases escape into the discharge
channel N which leads them to the second centrifugal apparatus
The second centrifugal apparatus consists of three concentrically aanged
stationary cellular cylindrical bodies Z Z Z fixed on the base plate z, and capable
of being raised and lowered together with the same by means of suspension cords
o1 chains passing over guide iolleis z¹ z
The rotating part of the centrifugal apparatus is caned by the shaft A¹ and
consists of the centrifugal devices Y Y Y which are hung on to the plate y
These centrifugal devices tiavel round between the cellular bodies Z¹ Z Z within
a casing formed by the base plate z the cylindrical part and the cover plate cl
The latter does not move up and down with the former, and when the apparatus
18 at work a hydraulic air-tight jomt 18 made with the cylinder z at
Into the cellular bodies 18 charged the ammonia liquor coming from the first
apparatus, and which has been cooled, and it is made to flow in the contiary
direction to the gases which enter centially through the pipe C', the liquor being
made to pass from the outer body Z³ through the middle one 7 to the inner one Z¹.
The gases pass off through the pipe N
The several centrifugal devices consist of annular bodies which may only
consist of fan blades t, a ranged at intervals and connected together at top and
bottom by the rings T These bodies can however be of any desired form which
will both act as centrifugal blades with considerable pressuie upon the gas, and
will allow the gases free passage in a radial direction
The blades can therefore also consist, for example, of sheet-metal cylinders
the surfaces of which are so bent as to form radial ribs or blades, while the parts
between these are formed with sieve-like perforations.
These perforated parts can again be placed obliquely so as to have a centrifugal
action on the gases In any case, the action of the iotation will be such that a
strong suction is produced on the inner side of the centrifugal devices, while
a pressure 18 produced on the outer side
This effect is utilised for forcing the gases entering at through the washing
and absorbing liquor contained in the cellular bodies
The cells consist of a series of siphon-like compartments arranged in stages
one above the other, being formed, in the simplest arrangement, by means of
annular honzontal plates on which are fixed partitions s', while other pai-
titions hang down between these from the plate above. The several stages of

page_text: these compartments are also provided with guiding plates t which approach
near to the centrifugal devices and serve to diect the gas currents into the first
cell.
On account of the above descubed conditions of pressure in consequence of the
combined suction and pressing actions, the washing liquor will assume such
positions in the several cells that the column of liquor situated in the space on
the outer side of the partition will be higher than the liquor on the inner side
thereof which will however cover the lower edge of the partition, so that the
gas is forced by the pressure to pass through the liquor in order to travel con-
secutively through the several compartments By this means the ammonia of
the gaB will be completely taken up by the liquor Upon the number of stages
employed and the narrowness of the several cells will evidently depend the
number of times the gas 18 made to pass into and out of the separate bodies of
the liquor, and consequently the extent of liquid surfaces with which the gas 18
brought into contact
In the arrangement shewn the action of the outer centrifugal device Y³ will be
considerably stronger than that of the inner one Y and the action of this will
be stronger than that of Y' The result of this will be that the difference of level
of the washing liquor in the two parts of a cell will be greater in the outer
compartment than in the inner compartment, that is, the column of liquid will be
higher in the former than in the latter
This causes the flow of the washing liquoi to take place in the inward direction
from the outer cells, that is to say, in the contrary duection to that of the gas,
whereby the perfect absorption of the absorbable constituents of the gas is greatly
facilitated This can be effected by a simple tubular communication between
the cells, as shewn on the left hand side of Figure 3.
From the outer cell 2 a discharge pipe q' passes to the cell p³ of the next inner
cellular body, and from this a pipe 9 passes to the cell p¹ of the inner most body
These tubular connections are repeated for each of the several stages As the
volume of the stages increases towards the outer part, it will be evident that
several inner stages can be supplied from one outer one, or the liquor can be
made to overflow the upper inner stage to the next one below
It 18 conse-
quently only requisite to supply the outermost cellular bodies with the washing
liquor, and to lead the liquor away from the innermost one, if it be not desired to
obtain several liquors of different strengths
For the purpose of filling a pipe u 18 provided which by means of branches u¹
supplies the outer cells with the washing liquoi
are the discharge
pipes for the liquoi.
It will be seen from the above description that the invention can be applied
in variously modified ways according to the nature of the gases treated and the
by-products to be obtained therefrom. It is particularly to be observed that the
production of vapour and the condensation thereof not only operates energetically
with a cooling and absorbing action, but also effects the separation of dust
Instead of water other absorbant liquids can be used Thus with coke oven
gases it may be a question of absorbing the benzene, while when treating
illuminating gases the benzene should be retained in the latter
On account of its combined suction and purifying action the apparatus described
with reference to Figure 1 may for example also be used for treating the waste
gases from steam boiler furnaces for the purpose of simultaneously producing a
good draught and for separating and absorbing carbonaceous and other con-
stituents from the gases.
When coke oven gases are treated, the washing liquors passing off from the
fist compartment will also contain tarix constituents, which are first separated
by the centrifugal process as described after which the washing liquor employed
is passed through the second described apparatus
Dated this 28th day of December 1898.
ABEL & IMRAY,
Agents for the Applicant.

page_text: Method of and Apparatus for Purifying Gases and Obtaining Con-
stituents or By-products contained therein.
I, EDUARD THEISEN, of No 9, Weideratiasse, Baden-Baden, in the Empire of
Germany, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same 18 to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement:―
Such
Various methods have been proposed for obtaining an energetic reciprocal
action between gases and liquids brought in contact by centrifugal action
a method was described in the Specification to my Patent No 16,726 of 1892
In many cases the action of the gases merely upon the surface of the liquid
18 not sufficient even when such surface 18 increased by imparting a corrugated
form thei eto
The present invention has for its object to produce a more energetic reciprocal
action between gases and liquids, and it relates more particularly to the treat-
ment of waste gases from coke ovens and the like, for the purpose of effecting
the rapid purification and cooling thereof, as also for obtaining strong ammonia
and benzene, which operations require a much more intensive reaction between
the gas and water than was possible with apparatus heretofore proposed, at any
iate, if it be desired to carry out the process with moderate sized apparatus
The absorbing and cooling property of the washing liquid when operating
during a very short time is increased according to the present invention by pro-
ducing at the first contact of the hot gases and the liquid a strong evaporation,
accompanied if necessary with pulverisation of the washing liquid
In thus producing a very intimate mixture of the waste gases to be treated
with the steam produced, the action is greatly increased, by, to a certain extent,
a molecular division of the bodies, and by this means the absorption of the
ammonia is considerably accelerated, and also the cooling is greatly facilitated
The process therefore has to be so conducted in the first division of a centrifugal
apparatus that an energetic evaporation and intermixture of the produced steam
with the waste gases can take place, that is to say, as little washing liquid must
be supplied as possible It will be advisable to heat this in the first instance
by suitable means either externally to or within the centrifugal apparatus, and
arrangements must be provided to cover a maximum extent of surface with a
minimum quantity of water or other washing or absorbing liquid
The ideal aangement would be that only so much water is supplied as is
requied for evaporation so that in this first division no discharge of liquid
would take place This however cannot be practically attained
At the second stage of the process on the other hand a strong cooling action
18 sought to be attained, whereby the previously generated steam 18 condensed
together with the constituents absorbed thereby
This condensation can also be effected by simple surface action, producing an
effectual separation of the watery particles
By such a treatment of the coke oven gases, washing liquors are obtained
which are to a considerable extent enriched with ammonia, but not so perfectly
as is desirable both for its advantageous subsequent utilisation, and for purifying
the gases to the greatest possible extent
For this purpose the said washing liquid is subjected to a second treatment
by centrifugal action together with the gases in such manner that the gases
are made to penetrate through the liquid over extended surfaces, the arrange-
ment being such that the weaker liquid is brought in contact in the outer com-
partments of a centrifugal apparatus with the most purified gases and in then

page_text: navelling in the direction towards the axis of the apparatus, become more and
more enched by contact with the more impuie gases. In particular the
anangement is such that several concentric atational compartments are pio-
vided consisting of siphon-like cells, and that in the spaces between the com-
partments centiifugal blades are made to evolve, which exercise on the inne
side a sucking action and on the outer side a forcing action on the gases
In this way it is possible not only to force the gases through all the cells of
all the compartments from the interior to the exterior, but also at the same time
to produce a continuous flow of the liquid from the outer compartments .to.the
iune ones, on account of the increasing pressure towards the outside producing
a difference of liquid level in the inner and outer cells
T
By this means the requisite reversed duection of the gas and liquid is obtained.
On the diawings accompanying my Provisional Specification are shewn by way
of example two apparatus by means of which the two stages of the process can
be canned out
Fig 1 shews a vertical section of the first described apparatus. Fig. 2 shews
a pait sectional plan of Fig 1. Fig. 3 is a vertical section, and Fig 4 a sectional
plan of the second described apparatus
In Fig 1, A is the shaft of the centrifugal apparatus, on the upper end of which
is mounted a conical head with vanes b which owing to their conical form draw
the gases from the pipe C and impart centrifugal motion thereto
To the head B is fixed the cylindrical part D with blades d and canying the
plate E
On this plate are fixed the centrifugal devices F1 F2 F composed of
oblique blades e and radial pieces f forming a closed ing
These ings evolve in chambers formed by fixed walls G¹ Gª G³ G hanging
down from a plate H In connection with these walls is provided a bottom
plate K on which are formed annular channels by means of the partitions k¹³ ³
Into these annulai channels project the discharge nozzles gl fixed to the
plate E and serving to discharge the liquid flowing off the walls GI GBG
The
gas or vapour diawn in by the blades and propelled thereby with cent11-
fugal action is subjected to faither centrifugal action by the blades d, and passes
in a zig-zag direction through the several chambers of the apparatus as indicated
by the arrows, Fig. 1
The centrifugal devices F F F³ operate herein with a two-fold action.
Refening to Fig of the accompanying diawings, it will be seen that the
radial parts f of the centrifugal device, in evolving in the direction of the
arrow, will propel the gases outward in the usual manner in the direction of the
allow, so as to impinge with force against the liquid on the inner wall of G³,
the inner surfaces of the oblique parte e, on the other hand will exercise a certain
inward propelling action on the gases travelling vertically between and G³,
forcing the same in the direction of arrow against the outer surface of G¹,
though of course not with so high a pressure as that produced by f
If instead of arranging the surfaces e and fin vertical positions, they be more or
less inclined, the vertical travel of the gases in the before described zig-zag
direction can be increased
It will be seen that by this two fold action of the centrifugal devices a very
powerful action can be produced in a very small space
The several walls GI G' G³ consist each of a thin main body L into
the hollow space of which the liquid flows through the nozzles m¹ m³ &c.
The hollow space thus formed is provided with openings so that the liquid
can issue on both sides
The surfaces on to which it flows are suitably formed for producing the greatest
possible distribution of a thin layer of liquid over very extended surfaces, and
for this purpose they may be, for example, provided with narrow transverse 11bs
or preferably they are covered with wie gauze M
The supply of liquid is so regulated that as little as possible is made to flow
through the nozzles m³, and this should be as hot as possible.

page_text: these compartments are also provided with guiding plates t¹ which approach
near to the centrifugal devices and serve to direct the gas cuents into the first
cell.
On account of the above described conditions of pressure in consequence of the
combined suction and pressing actions, the washing liquor will assume such
positions in the several cells that the column of liquor situated in the space on
the outer side of the partition will be higher than the liquor on the inner side
thereof which will however cover the lower edge of the partitions, so that the
gas is forced by the pressure to pass through the liquor in order to travel con-
secutively through the several compartments By this means the ammonia of
the gas will be completely taken up by the liquor Upon the number of stages
employed and the nallowness of the several cells will evidently depend the
number of times the gas is made to pass into and out of the separate bodies of
the liquor, and consequently the extent of liquid surfaces with which the gas 18
brought into contact
In the arrangement shewn the action of the outer centrifugal device Y will be
considerably stronger than that of the inner one Y2 and the action of this will
be stronger than that of Y¹ The result of this will be that the difference of level
of the washing liquor in the two parts of a cell will be greater in the outer
compartment than in the inner compartment, that is, the column of liquid will be
higher in the former than in the latter
This causes the flow of the washing liquor to take place in the inwaid direction
from the outer cells, that is to say, in the contrary direction to that of the gas,
whereby the perfect absorption of the absorbable constituents of the gas 18 greatly
facilitated This can be effected by a simple tubular communication between
the cells, as shewn on the left hand side of Fig. 3 and to an enlarged scale at Fig 7.
From the outer cell p³ a discharge pipe 7' passes to the cell 22 of the next inner
cellular body, and from this a pipe q passes to the cell p¹ of the innermost body.
These tubulai connections are repeated for each of the several stages. As the
volume of the stages increases towards the outer part, it will be evident that
several inner stages can be supplied from one outer one, or the liquor can be
made to overflow the upper inner stage to the next one below It is conse-
quently only requisite to supply the outermost cellular bodies with the washing
liquor, and to lead the liquor away from the innermost one, if it be not desned to
obtain several liquors of different strengths
The above described action will be more clearly understood from the enlarged
part section at Fig 7 of the accompanying drawings, where the level of the liquid.
in the outer part of the cells of the outer compartment Z³ is shewn higher than
that of the liquid in the cells of compartment 7, and consequently, the cells of the
two compartments being connected by the pipes q³, such as already referred to
in reference to Fig 3 the said difference in level will cause the liquid to flow from
compartment 23 to compartment 7³
For the purpose
of filling, a pipe » Fig. 3 18 provided which by means of
branches u 3 supplies the outer compartments of the outer cells with the
washing liquo, the inner compartments of the outer cells being supplied by
other pipes communicating with the bottoms thereof as shewn at Fig 8 of
the accompanying drawings 1823 Fig 3 are the discharge pipes for the liquor
It will be seen from the above description that the invention can be applied
in variously modified wavs according to the nature of the gases treated and the
by-products to be obtained therefiom It is particularly to be observed that the
production of vapour and the condensation thereof not only operates energetically
with a cooling and absorbing action, but also effects the separation of dust.
Instead of water other absorbant liquids can be used
Thus with coke oven
gases it may be a question of absorbing the benzene, while when treating
illuminating gases the benzene should be retained in the latter
On account of its combined suction and purifying action the apparatus described
with reference to Fig 1 may for example also be used for treating the waste

page_text: In some cases the wall G¹ may be provided with a heating coil on its inner
side
The liquid, which 18 generally water, evaporates rapidly and thereby cools the
gas, the steam formed becoming intimately mixed therewith
Any water that may flow off and that will contain ammonia, if coke oven
gases are being treated, passes through the tube g¹ in the innermost annular
channel on to the plate K. Through the tubes m³ m³ larger quantities of water
are introduced.
The gases will have become considerably cooled by the above described means,
so that on the surfaces of the walls G2 G³ a complete condensation of the aqueous
vapours will be effected, together with a considerable quantity of the absorbed
ammonia.
The watery liquor produced will run into the two outer annular channels.
The outer surface G is either not supplied at all with water, or if it is so supplied,
it is advisable to cover the surface of the water with a fine sieve in such manner
that the particles of liquid still contained in the gases are thrown off by centu
fugal action behind the sieve, but that the liquid is not materially disturbed
by a direct impact of the gases the con This last chamber can therefore be
considered as diving chamber From it the gases escape into the discharge
channel N which leads them to the second centrifugal apparatus
The second centrifugal apparatus shewn in vertical section at Fig 3 and
sectional plan at Fig. 4 consists of thice concentrically arranged stationary
cellular cylindrical bodies Z¹ Z Z fixed on the base plate z, and capable of being
raised and lowered together with the same by means of suspension cords o
chains passing over guide 1ollers carried by the fixed framing guide
rolleis being provided on the moveable body.
The rotating part of the centrifugal apparatus 18 canned by the shaft A' and
consists of the centrifugal devices Y Y Y³ which are hung on to the plate y
These centrifugal devices travel round between the cellular bodies Z Z Z³ within
a casing formed by the base plate the cylindrical part and the cover plate ›
The latter does not move up and down with the former, and when the apparatus
18 at work a hydraulic air-tight joint 18 inade with the cylinder
atª
Into the cellular bodies is charged the ammonia liquor coming from the first
apparatus, and which has been cooled, and it 18 made to flow in the contrary
direction to the gases which enter centrally through the pipe C', the liquor being
made to pass from the outer body 73 through the middle one 73 to the inner one Z¹
to be presently explained
in
The
consist
off through the pipe N'
entrifugal devices consists of annular bodies which may only
lades t, arranged at intervals and connected together at top and
bottom by things T. These bodies can however be of any desired form which
will both act as centrifugal blades with considerable pressure upon the gas, and
will allow the gases free passage in a radial duection
Thus the bodies may for example consist of sheet metal cylinders, the surfaces
of which are so bent as to form radial ribs or blades as at t Fig 6 of the accom-
panying drawings, while the parts between these are formed with sieve-like
perforations.
These perforated parts may also be placed slightly inclined instead of cylin-
drically as indicated at the left hand side of Fig. 4
The action of the centrifugal blades will be such as to produce a strong suction
on the inner side of the perforated cylinder and an energetic pressure on the outer
side, and this effect is utilised for forcing the gases entering at through the
washing and absorbing liquor contained in the cellular bodies Z¹ Z³ ³
The cells consist of a series of siphon-like compartments arranged in stages
one above the other, being formed, in the simplest arrangement, by means of
annular horizontal plates on which are fixed partitions, while other par-
titions hang down between these from the plate above The several stages of

page_text: gases from steam boiler furnaces for the purpose of simultaneously producing a
good draught and for separating and absorbing carbonaceous and other con-
stituents from the gases
When coke oven gases are treated, the washing liquors passing off from the
11 st compartment will also contain tarry constituents, which are first separated
by the centrifugal process in the first described apparatus after which the washing
liquor employed 18 passed through the second described apparatus.
Having thus particularly described and ascertained the nature of this invention
and in what manner the same 18 to be performed, I deolare that what I
claim 18
1 Process for purifying gases and obtaining absorption liquors and the like
consisting in first producing an energetic recipiocal action between the gas and
a liquid by centrifugal force so as to cause a considerable vaporisation of the
liquid and mixture of auch liquid with the gas, and then after subjecting the
said mixture of gas and vapour to a condensing process, separating the resulting
condensed liquid from the gas by centrifugal action so as to effect the absorption
or condensation by the liquid of certain constituents contained in the gas, sub-
stantially as described.
2 In the process referred to in the first claim the method of producing a
maximum evaporation of the liquid by the gases by supplying a minimum
quantity of liquid thereto which liquid may or may not be previously heated,
substantially as described.
3. In the process of purifying gases and obtaining absorption liquors the
method of making the liquid flow in the contrary direction to the gases acting
thereon by arranging the liquid in a series of stationary cellular bodies and
causing the gases by centrifugal force to act upon the liquid so that it passes
through the same in an outward direction and at the same time by the combined
suction and forcing action of the centrifugal apparatus 1aises the liquid in the
outer cellular bodies of the apparatus to a higher level than that in the inner
cellular bodies so as to cause the liquid to flow from the former to the latter,
substantially as described.
4 Apparatus for carving out the process referred to in the first claim wherein
chambers or cells formed of stationary walls over which thin films of liquid
are made to flow are so arranged in combination with centrifugal devices formed
of cylindrical walls with radial and oblique blades situated close to the said layer
of liquid that these devices effect not only energetic pressure of the gases upon
the liquid in the outward direction but also exercise a pressure in the inward
direction, substantially as described.
5. Apparatus for carving out the process referred to in the third claim wherein
several series of stationary concentric cylindrical cellular structures are arranged
in stages one above the other in combination with centrifugal devices revolving
between the stages of cells and with overflow pipes connecting the outer cells with
the inner ones, substantially as described
Dated this 22nd day of dam
1000