Improvements in and relating to Electrical Transformers or Converters.
Year: 1889

page_text: Date of Application, 29th Oct., 1889-Accepted, 14th Dec., 1889
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and relating to Electrical Transformers or
Converters.
We, LEONARD PAGET and CHARLES JACOB KINTNER of No. 45 Broadway, New
York City New York United States of America, Electricians, do hereby declare the
nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
This invention relates particularly to apparatus for the regulation of such systems,
and in such manner that the amount of energy required at the primary or generating
source shall be governed or regulated in accordance with the amount of energy which
is to be utilized in the secondary circuit or circuits.
To this end it consists, in the novel apparatus hereinafter described.
Prior to this invention it was customary to construct or arrange transformers or
converters of alternating currents of electrical energy of fixed proportions or
dimensions, that is to say it was customary to arrange the primary and secondary
circuits of such systems upon a core of given magnetic capacity, and having generally
a closed magnetic circuit which is constant and fixed in dimensions and capacity, at
least so far as regards the primary circuit. In other words, it was customary to so
construct them that the primary circuit was always required to exercise its effect
upon the same magnetic mass, and to therefore magnetize and de-magnetize said,
mass, irrespective of the work required in the secondary or working circuit also
influenced by said magnetic mass.
This fixed condition of the primary circuit necessarily makes such a transformer or
converter an instrument which is more or less inefficient, dependent upon the amount
of work required in the secondary circuit, it being at once obvious, as is understood
by electricians, that if a given amount of electrical energy is required to magnetize
and de-magnetize the primary core on account of its magnetic capacity under all
conditions, whether with or without a load in the secondary, then, when there is a
minimum number of translating devices in use in the secondary circuit, there will
necessarily be much useless expenditure of energy in the primary circuit for the
reason indicated.
It is the especial object of the present invention to overcome this difficulty and to
devise a transformer which adapts itself to the conditions of the translating devices in
the secondary circuit, that is to say, to devise such an apparatus as will cause the
amount of energy utilized in the primary circuit to bear a fixed proportion to the
amount of energy required in the secondary circuit where the translating devices are
in use.
This object is accomplished by the apparatus hereinafter described.
The invention will be better understood by referring to the accompanying drawings
which illustrate the apparatus designed to carry it into effect.
Figure 1 is a side elevation of the simplest form of apparatus coming within the
terms of my invention.
Figure 2 is a plan of the same as seen looking down on Figure 1.
Figure 3 is a plan of my preferred form of apparatus showing the circuit connections
of both the primary and secondary circuits.
Figure 4 is a side elevational sectional view taken on line Y Y, Figure 5 showing
part of the apparatus broken away in order to disclose the interior arrangement.
Figure 5 is a vertical, longitudinal sectional view of Figure 4 taken on line 5, 5.
Figure 6 is a detail perspective view of a portion of one of the magnetic cores used
either in the primary or the secondary apparatus.
Referring now to the drawings in detail.
E Figure 1 represents the core of the secondary of a transformer or converter;

page_text: A representing the coils thereof and connected by wires w¹, w¹ to translating devices
as electric lights or analogous apparatus, not shown.
NN represent the free poles of a swinging armature which is surrounded by a
coil A, the free ends of which are connected by wires w, we to a generator of
electricity of the alternating type, or to such generators .as are ordinarily used for
generating, alternating or rapidly recurring impulses of electricity.
the
This armature and its coil are fixed to a non-magnetic axis d pivoted at one end to
the yoke of the secondary core and at the other to a support M, the arrangement
being such that as the armature or core N N is attracted by the poles N' N',
magnetic circuit through said core and armature is made more or less complete, as
shown by the arrows in Figure 1.
is a spiral spring attached to the arunature or core N at one end and at its other
to an adjustable screw st for regulating the pull upon said core N.
The adjustment is such that when a minimum number of translating devices are in
operation in the secondary circuit we, we, the armature or core N N'is drawn into the
position shown in dotted lines in Figure 2, stops being provided but not shown for
preventing the armature or core from passing absolutely out of the 'magnetic field of
the core NN.
With this form of apparatus and with a proper adjustment of the springs and the
screw the position of the core or armature N N will be regulated in accordance
with the number of translating devices so that as translating devices are cut in in said
secondary circuit, the magnetic effect on the, secondary core N¹ through the poles N,
is increased and the core or armature is drawn in the direction of the arrow Figure 2,
thereby increasing the magnetic capacity of the primary core and necessitating an
additional outlay of energy at the generator in the primary circuit, so that when all
of the translating devices are cut in to the circuit the armature or core N N will lie
in' the position indicated by the white space in Figure 2 and the primary core will
then embrace à complete magnetic circuit through N N and E', which is the circuit
of greatest magnetic capacity for the apparatus disclosed.
'On cutting out any of the translating devices, of course a reverse operation will
take place, and 'the armature or coro N N will recede under the influence of 3, until
all are cut out, when a minimum amount of energy will be therefore required at the
generator, as will be fully understood by electricians.
While this form of apparatus is capable of operation in a beneficial sense, it is not
as efficient a device as the apparatus disclosed in Figures 3, 4 and 5, and this, for the
reason that owing to the magnetic lag between the cores of the primary and secondary
circuits, the apparatus is somewhat sluggishin responding to changes in the secondary
**circuit.
To overcome this objection' therefore, the apparatus disclosed in Figures 3, 4 and 5,
"has been devised as indicated, which will now be described.
D is the base of the apparatus having two upright standards SS, at the upper
ends of which is secured by two screws's s', a magnetic shaft a carrying by magnetic
spiders E E, a pair of converter coils A A', the former A constituting a set of
primary coils wound in series about the laminated cores G and made of magnetic
"material in the nature of long thin strips of iron having projecting teeth 'N N', which
constitute the poles of the respective coils, and between which teeth are wound in
series on each core the coils 'A A¹.
'
:
There are shown in this instance six such coils on teach core, the arrangements
being such that when the coils are wound in position the projecting teeth N N fill the
space between said coils on one side and N N between those on the other side.
The secondary coils A¹ A', are rigidly fixed upon the axis a by a set screw which
passes through the hub H, while the primary coils A A are adapted to rotate upon
the axis'a and have a lever I connected to the hub H, for producing such rotation.
This lever L has connected to its 'free end a solenoid C located directly. in the
primary circuit and in series circuit with the coils A'as clearly shown in Figures 3
and 4.

page_text: An additional solenoid is located in the secondary circuit with translating
devices, and surrounds the first named solenoid.
The spiral springs attached by the lever L to the rotary primary coils, and by an
adjusting screws to a fixed standard, is designed to regulate the relative location of
the cores N N of the movable and fixed coils under varying conditions.
The operation of this apparatus is as follows.
Supposing the adjusting screws to be so adjusted that the springs will hold the
coils A in the least effective position when a minimum number of translating devices
are located in the secondary circuit, then as the translating devices are
connected in circuit in the usual manner the influence of the cores N N¹, upon each
other as already described in connection with Figures 1 and 2; together with the
additional influence of the solenoids C and C₁ upon each otlier in their respective
circuits will cause the coils A to be rotated in the direction of the arrow shown in
Figure 3. This rotation will continue in succession as translating devices are cut
into the circuit until a maximum number is reached for the adjustment between the
spring and the adjustment screw at which time the poles N N will lie directly
opposite to each other, as clearly shown in Figure 3, and the multiple magnetic
circuits through the twelve adjacent poles of the primary and secondary coils will'
assume a position of maximum efficiency the regulation for intermediate positions; as
required by varying numbers of translating devices in the secondary circuit being at
once obvious, the magnetic circuits varying in accordance with the regulations
indicated.
It is preferred to make the cores G G₁ of the two sets of coils of thin magnetic
strips GG, having magnetic pole pieces N N located at definite intervals in each set,
such cores being in the nature of laminated structures and obviously free from the
annoying influence due to Foucault currents and other well known disturbances.
When these cores are made up by winding them spirally as shown in Figures 4
and 5 they are secured to the spiders E and E by bolts or other equivalent means in
such manner as to ensure strength of the parts and close proximity of the pole pieces
under all conditions of load.
It will be understood of course that the secondary coil might be stationary and the
fixed coil movable upon axis a such feature constituting a mere reversal of parts, or
one or both coils might be movable either laterally or longitudinally upon. said axis,
the principle being that no matter how the relative magnetic conductivity of the cores
be varied the apparatus should still come within the scope of my invention.
The claims are not limited to the specific mechanism liereinbefore described as it is
to be understood that said claims are intended to include any apparatus in a system of
transformers which includes means located in the secondary circuit for automatically
varying the power required to generate the current in the primary circuit in
accordance with the demands made by the translating devices in the secondary
circuit.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed we declare that what
we claim is,
First A transformer or converter having a primary coil, connected in circuit with
a source of electrical energy and a secondary coil connected in circuit with one or
more translating devices with means located directly in one leg, or branch of the
secondary circuit for regulating the energy required in the primary circuit in
accordance with the demands of the translating devices substantially as described.
Second A transformer or converter having a primary coil and a secondary coil
the latter including in its circuit one or more translating devices with electro
magnetic means located directly in one leg or branch of the secondary circuit for
regulating the energy required in the primary circuit in accordance with the
demands of the translating devices in use substantially as described.
Third A regulator for transformers or converters consisting of a primary and a
single or continuous secondary coil, including respectively the current source and

page_text: translating devices in combination with means located in one leg or branch of the
secondary circuit for automatically varying the magnetic condition of the converter
cores in accordance with the demands of the translating devices, substantially as
described.
Fourth A regulator for transformers or converters consisting of primary and
secondary coils including respectively the current source and translating devices in
combination with an adjustable armature for changing the magnetic condition of the
converter core and means under the control of the translating devices, located in one
leg or branch of the secondary circuit for effecting this change in accordance with the
current demands of the translating devices, substantially as described.
Fifth A regulator for transformers or converters wherein current impulses are
transformed from a primary to a secondary system consisting of one or more fixed
coils located in the secondary circuit, and having fixed cores with one or more
movable primary coils having a movable core the poles of which are located in close
proximity to the poles of the secondary core, substantially as described.
Sixth A regulator for use in a system of converters or transformers wherein
primary currents in one circuit of electricity are converted into secondary currents in
a second circuit consisting of one or more fixed coils located in the secondary circuit
with translating devices, said coils being wound about a fixed core or cores in
combination with one or more movable coils wound about a movable core or cores,
and included in the primary circuit in combination with two solenoids one located in
the primary and the other in the secondary circuit, the one surrounding the other
with mechanical connections between one of said solenoids and the rotary coils,
whereby the relative location of the poles of said coils is varied in accordance with
the current demands in the secondary circuit, substantially as described.
Seventh A transformer or converter having core pieces made of two parts, one of
said parts constituting the core for the primary and the other the core for the
secondary of said transformer, the poles of said primary and secondary being
adjustable with relation to each other whereby the magnetic circuit of said trans-
former or converter may be adjusted for maximum or minimum effect, substantially
as described.
Eighth A core for a transformer consisting of a thin sheet of magnetic material
having projecting pole pieces located at stated intervals, the whole being wound as
described, in spiral form, so that the pole pieces constitute shoulders against which
the coils rest when wound in place, substantially as described.
Ninth A converter consisting of a fixed secondary magnet in combination with a
movable primary magnet, said magnets having cores or pole picces adapted to slide
past each other, substantially as described.
Tenth A converter consisting of a fixed secondary magnet and a movable primary
magnet, said magnets having cores lying in close proximity to each other, in
combination with means for causing said poles to vary their magnetic relations,
substantially as described.
Eleventh A converter consisting of a series of secondary coils, wound upon a
fixed circular core having internally projecting pole pieces in combination with a
series of primary coils wound upon a similar movable core having internally pro-
jecting pole pieces which are adapted to slide past the first named pole pieces and
a magnetic axle joining said core pieces with mechanical connections as described,
and a pair of solenoids located respectively in the primary and secondary circuits one
of said solenoids being attached to the mechanical connections which move the
movable coils, substantially as described.
Twelfth A transformer or converter having a primary coil connected in circuit
with a source of electric energy and a secondary coil connected in circuit with one or
more translating devices with means also located in the secondary circuit, but in one
leg or branch only, thereof for regulating the energy required in the primary circuit
in accordance with the demands of the translating devices in the secondary circuit,
substantially as described.
Thirteenth—A transformer or converter having its primary coil connected in

page_text: circuit with a source of electrical energy and its secondary coil connected in multiple
arc circuit with two or more translating devices in combination with an electro
magnet or solenoid, also located in the secondary circuit, regulating the energy
required in the primary circuit in accordance with the demands of the translating
devices in the secondary circuit.
Dated this 29th day of October 1889
HASELTINE, LAKE & Co.,
45, Southampton Buildings, London, Agents for the Applicants.