matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF CHAIRS AND RAILS FOR TRAMWAYS AND OTHER SIMILAR PURPOSES
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Langley at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 31st January 1876.
"
THOMAS LANGLEY, of Sheffield, in the County of York. IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
CONSTRUCTION OF CHAIRS AND RAILS FOR TRAMWAYS AND OTHER SIMILAR
PURPOSES."
This Invention relates to the construction of the chairs and rails used in the
formation of tramways and other similar light railways for the better securing the
rails to the chair, and consists principally in constructing the top of the chair with
a central longitudinal groove, such groove being undercut or dovetailed on one or
both sides, and in forming a corresponding piece or tongue on the under side of the
rails, either continuous the full length of the rail or only in short lengths, as may be
desirable, such piece or tongue being narrower than the groove in the chair to allow
of the insertion of a key for the purpose of tightening and securing the rail to the
chair.
In conjunction with the above described arrangement a transverse slot or groove
may be formed in the chair to engage with a corresponding lug formed on the rail,
or vice versa, to prevent any lateral or sliding movement of the rails in the groove
of the chair.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SACKS AND SIMILAR ARTICLES, AND IN APPARATUS TO BE EMPLOYED IN SEWING MACHINES THEREFOR
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Howard Pratt Garland at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 26th January 1876.
HOWARD PRATT GARLAND, of San Francisco, California, United States of America,
now of Dundee, Scotland. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SACKS AND
SIMILAR ARTICLES, AND IN APPARATUS TO BE EMPLOYED IN SEWING MACHINES
THEREFOR."
"
My said Invention relates, first, to a novel method of making sacks and bags of
coarse woven fabric, such as are used for the storage and transport of grain, flour,
and other like materials, and other sacks, bags, and similar articles.
By my Invention I produce sacks or bags greatly superior to those heretofore
made, and reduce the cost of their manufacture.
According to the said Invention I take a piece of the cloth or woven fabric of
suitable size, and bring the two edges together, place them in the middle of the
piece, then double the whole together and secure it by overhead stitching. I then
straighten it and sew across the bottom. By this method I produce a double sack
or bag, and when filled the only seam therein is lengthwise and in the middle of the
same, and affords support to the sack. It moreover obviates the hemming and
laying on as there is a selvage at the top and bottom of the sack.
The said Invention relates, secondly, to a hemmer to be used in a sewing machine
for making sacks, bags, and the like. This hemmer is formed of thin steel, iron, or
other suitable metal, and its most important feature is its peculiar spiral form which
causes the cloth or fabric in passing through the said hemmer to assume the proper
position for the overhead stitch, that is to say, the hemmer lays over the cloth or
fabric in such a manner that the needle can pass through its two edges, and in
sewing with the thread slack the fold will spring back, and I thereby form the
overhead stitch.
The said heinmer has one portion of the plate of which it is formed adapted to
rest upon the cloth plate of the sewing machine, and is secured thereon by screws or
other suitable means. The spiral portion of the heminer is formed as follows, that
is to say, I turn over one edge of the same to form a taper or inclined coil, whose
largest portion is at the end where the cloth enters it. The small end of this coil,
which lies nearly under the needle, is overlapped by a curved lip or flange, which
with the said coil forms a spiral passage through which the cloth passes, and by
which its two edges are laid in the position above described.
Duins 511

page_text: :
I may modify, my improved hemmer as follows:-I take a thin plate of steel or
other suitable metal, and form the same with two prongs or bars projecting from
the part which is secured to the cloth plate. One prong is straight and serves to
turn the cloth over, the other prong is double and twisted, so that the cloth in
passing between the two portions has its edges laid in the manner above described.
MACHINES FOR SPINNING AND DOUBLING."
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Elce at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 26th October 1876.
JOHN ELCE, of the City of Manchester, Machine Maker.
MACHINES FOR SPINNING AND DOUBLING."
"IMPROVEMENTS IN
My Invention is applicable to those ring and traveller throstle spinning and
doubling frames in which the spindle is supported by a tube fixed in the bolster
rail and passing inside the bobbin. The object of my Invention is to facilitate the
doffing of the full bobbins.
In performing my Invention I place a wharve on the tube above referred to
between the bolster rail and the bottom flange of the bobbin, and to the upper part
of the wharve I connect a rim with a roughened edge. The wharves are all driven
by bands passing round a small tin drum which is turned round by the ordinary
drum for driving the spindles, or otherwise. When the bobbins have been filled
the ring rail is lowered to bring the ends of yarn in line with the roughened rims
above described; the yarns are then wound on the rims, after which the full
bobbins are doffed and empty ones put in their places; the ring rail is then lifted
to bring the yarns in line with the bobbins, on to which they are wound as usual.
By this means the yarn or thread is never disconnected from the traveller or the
roller while doffing.
Another part of my Invention consists in supporting the bobbin or spool on a
bush which fits on a stationary spindle, and on which is a wharve driven by a band
from the usual tin drum. The bobbin or spool is bushed at the top and revolves
on the top of the spindle. When the bobbins are full the rail with the rings and
travellers is lowered to cause the yarns to be wound on the bush of the wharve,
and when the doffing is completed and fresh bobbins or spools are put on the
spindles the ring rail is again raised, as above described.
IMPROVEMENTS APPLICABLE TO GAS FURNACES, AND IN THE UTILIZATION OF GAS FURNACES
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel Godfrey and Richard Howson
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 21st September 1876.
SAMUEL GODFREY, Engineer, and RICHARD HOWSON, Engineer, both of Middles-
brough-on-Tees, in the County of York. "IMPROVEMENTS APPLICABLE TO GAS
FURNACES, AND IN THE UTILIZATION OF GAS FURNACES."
This Invention of improvements, applicable to gas furnaces, and in the utilization
of gas furnaces, has reference to Letters Patent No. 4414, granted to us the 20th
day of December 1875 for "Improvements in Gas Furnaces." In the Specification
of the said Letters Patent we state that "we do not confine ourselves to the employ-
ment of any particular kind of gas, but we prefer it to be of pure quality and to
be stored in gas holders, so as to be able to command a pressure graduated at will."
Our present Invention consists in using a steam jet for producing the requisite
pressure, so as to dispense with the gas holder. The jet is of the ordinary well
known construction, but its position must be such that the ejected steam mixed with
air must pass through the incandescent fuel with which the retort or gas generator
is supplied. By this arrangement the steam becomes decomposed into its constituent
elements as is well understood, and a pressure is set up in the retort or generator,
which propels the gas and causes it to issue at the burner with the requisite degree
of force.
In the Specification of our said Letters Patent No. 4414 of 1875, we also state
that the modes of construction therein described are "applicable mainly to refining
and puddling iron and melting steel."
Our present Invention consists in the utilization of the furnaces described in the
said Specification combined with the steam jet herein referred to for the manufacture
of soda ash and other chemicals.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SEWING MACHINE NEEDLES
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Lomax at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 10th August 1876.
HENRY LOMAX, of Over Darwen, in the County of Lancaster, Sewing Machine
Maker. IMPROVEMENTS IN SEWING MACHINE NEEDLES."
"
The object of this Invention is the construction of sewing machine needles in
such manner that while retaining one uniform thickness of shank the various size
or "number" of needle used may be worked equally close to the shuttle or other
contrivance entering the loops of the needle throad without readjustment of the
needle slide.
According to this Invention whatever the size or "number".of needle the shanks
of all are of uniform diameter or thickness, and that side of the needle's blade
which is to work nearest the shuttle is in a line with, that is to say, on the same
plane, as the shank of the needle. Such construction admits of the use of strong
shanks, and the needles are not so liable to breakage.
IMPROVEMENTS IN GAS ENGINES
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel Thacker at the Office of the
Commissioners of Pate: ts on the 7th January 1876.
SAMUEL THACKER, of the Town and County of the Town of Nottingham.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN GAS ENGINES."
The Invention relates to improvements in an engine known as the Lenoir gas
engine.
In the Lenoir the admission of atmospheric air is regulated by a dome placed on
the top of the air vessel, which dome is capable of revolving to the right or to the
left, thus opening or closing the apertures by which the air is admitted.
By this arrangement it is not possible to regulate properly the air on both sides
of the piston.
My Invention consists firstly of a pair of slides working in V grooves or other
suitable guides on the top of the air vessel, which alides are adjusted by screws
passing through a fixed nut, by means of which arrangement I am able to vary at
will the quantity of atmospheric air admitted at either end of the cylinder.
The Invention consists secondly of an improved discharger or exploder. In
Lenoir's exploder there is but one point of discharge for the electric current which
renders the explosion uncertain.
My improvement consists of making two or more points of discharge, so that if
the electric current should fail at one place it is certain to have effect at another,
which is a great advantage to the steady working of the engine.
The Invention consists thirdly of an improved method of jacketting the cylinder
so as to obtain a larger and more complete circulation of water round the same,
especially in the immediate vicinity of the ingress and egress ports.
The Invention consists fourthly in an improved method of making the joint at
each end of the cylinder where the cover is joined to the cylinder.
In the Lenoir cylinder the openings of the water spaces (or jacket) at the ends of
the cylinder render the making of the joints very complicated and almost
impracticable.
My Invention consists of diverting (by coring) the water circulation, filling up
the spaces at the ends of the cylinder, and making the connection between the
rn
1

page_text: cylinder and cylinder covers at the top and bottom sides of the cylinder, or in any
other part of the external surface which I may find most convenient.
The Invention consists fifthly in an improvement in the insulation of the ebonite
disc. For this purpose the discharging disc is made of one complete block or slab
of ebonite, or other non-conducing material instead of in segments as before, so as
to ensure more perfect insulation.
IM- PROVEMENTS IN TUBES & FLUES FOR STEAM BOILERS
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Cyrus Sumner Dean at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on tho 10th March 1876.
CYRUS SUMNER DEAN, of Crowland, in the County of Welland, Canada. "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN TUBES & FLUES FOR STEAM BOILERS."
In steam boilers where the products of combustion pass through tubular flues
surrounded by water, the products of combustion, following the draft whether in
horizontal or vertical boilers, decrease or taper toward their exit, so that those
portions of the tubular pipes remote from the fire-chamber are not sufficiently
heated and hence an unequal boiling takes place, the portions of the tubular pipes
next to the fire-chamber being the hottest, and in very long boilers the exit
extremities of the flues are of very little use. I remedy this defect by combining
in the tubular pipes or flues a series of cylindrical stops at suitable distances apart,
and of a diameter only sufficiently less than that of the tubular flues to permit the
flames to pass over them. These stops are strung upon a pipe extending from the
front one of the series in which it is embedded through the smoke-stack box into
the open air or an air chamber, where it receives air or heated air which passes into
the flue through perforations therein immediately in rear of each stop and unites
with the flame and aids the combustion. The cylindrical stops being of less
diameter than the flues are supported therein by wings either upon the surface of
the stops or upon the rod or tube. The products of combustion pass from the fire-
chamber into the flues, and striking the conical front of the first stop are crowded
into the annular space between said stop and the inner walls of the tubular
flue, thence diving and receiving additional fuel from the heated air of the central
pipe they are in a measure held back by the front end of the next stop, and whirl
in the flue between the stops and thus pass over all the stops of the series, being as
it were retarded and replenished between each stop of the series, yet the flame is
continuous. By this means the products of combustion are forced to impinge alike
upon the whole interior surface of the flues while the stops serve also as radiators
of the heat, and in their double function utilize to the fullest extent the heat passing
through the flues.
IMPROVEMENTS IN WHEEL OR ROLLER SKATES
Year: 1876

page_text: "
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Solomon Johnson at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 20th April 1876. A communication from
abroad by Charles Carr, of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
JOHN SOLOMON JOHNSON, of Milton, next Gravesend, in the County of Kent.
IMPROVEMENTS IN WHEEL OR ROLLER SKATES." A communication from abroad
by Charles Carr, of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
The Invention has for its object the production of a roller skate more nearly
resembling in its action the motion of an ordinary ice skate than roller skates
heretofore produced. For this purpose a foot board is employed, having mounted
on an axle carried in fixed bearings about midway between the toe and heel thercof
a pair of wheels or rollers. Under both the toe and heel of the foot board is
mounted a single wheel or roller or a pair of wheels or rollers of a diameter preferably
less than that of the wheels or rollers herein-before described, and these smaller
wheels or rollers have their axles mounted at or near the saine distance from the
foot board as the axle of the larger wheels. Or if it is preferred to employ wheels or
rollers all of the same diameter, then the axles of the front and rear wheels will be
placed closer to the foot board than the axle of the centre wheels. The axle of each
pair of these smaller wheels or rollers has a horizontal or nearly horizontal offset or
projection therefrom, which projections are mounted upon centres carried by the
foot board and placed at points intermediate of the smaller wheels and the larger or
centre ones. It is preferred to mount friction rollers in bearings carried by the
axles of the smaller wheels, which friction rollers travel against the under side of the
foot board. A suitable spring is preferably employed to cause the smaller wheels to
remain at (or return to) their normal position with their axles at right angles to a
horizontal line drawn through the centre of the foot board (from toe to heel) when
not otherwise acted upon.
The action of the skate is as follows:-In skating forward the centre or larger
wheels and the back or smaller wheels are used, the front wheels being thereby kept
clear of the ground. In skating backward the front wheels and centre or larger
wheels are used; the back wheels in this case being clear of the ground. The centre
or larger wheels carry the principal part of the weight of the skater and form a
centre upon which the skater is enabled readily to turn in any direction and in
curves of any degree. The smaller or end wheels also bear a part of the skater's
weight, but as they have the power of following the course of the curves or lines
Prin 911

page_text: described by the centre or larger wheels they assist in bearing the weight without
impeding the skater's movements.
In some cases it may be found advisable to employ other means than those herein
described for causing the smaller wheels to follow the course of the curves or lines
described by the centre or larger wheels.
IMPROVEMENTS IN EJECTORS OR APPARATUS FOR RAISING AND FORCING LIQUIDS
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Wilson and William Leach
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 23rd June 1876.
65
ROBERT WILSON and WILLIAM LEACH, Engineers, both of Accrington, in the
County of Lancaster. IMPROVEMENTS IN EJECTORS OR APPARATUS FOR RAISING
AND FORCING LIQUIDS."
The object of this Invention is the construction of a simple form of ejector or
apparatus for raising and forcing liquids, and consists in dispensing with the
suction pipe in such apparatus and admitting the steam in a direct line with the
discharge pipe, which is accomplished by having the inlet for the liquid arranged
in the form of holes surrounding the casing of such apparatus which is immersed
bodily in the liquid requiring to be raised, and whereby such holes not only form a
strainer for the liquid being raised, but the working of the apparatus is less liable
to be affected by the temperature of such liquid.
This form of ejector may be used for raising alkalies or other chemical liquids,
either heated or otherwise, in which case we construct such apparatus of block
tin or other metal or material not injuriously affected by such chemical liquids ; and
for other purposes we construct our ejector of brass or other metal usually employed
in the construction of such apparatus.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN ROLLER SKATES, ALSO PARTLY APPLICABLE TO BICYCLES AND OTHER VELOCIPEDES
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles McGuire Bate at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 14th March 1876.
CHARLES MCGUIRE BATE, of Chatham, in the County of Kent. " IMPROVE-
MENTS IN ROLLER SKATES, ALSO PARTLY APPLICABLE TO BICYCLES AND OTHER
VELOCIPEDES."
This Invention relates to skates provided with rollers or wheels, and used for
skating on level floors or other suitable surfaces.
It has for its objects improvements in the construction of the rollers or wheels
of such skates, and in the method of attaching them to the skates, so that the
latter are cheaper and more efficient in use than as ordinarily constructed and
used.
I take a sole plate of wood, metal, or other suitable material, which is attached
to the foot of the skater by straps or other convenient means, in the usual manner.
Underneath the sole plate I arrange two wheels, the front wheel being arranged
near the toe of the skate and running upon a horizontal transverse axis in bearings
attached to the sole. The other wheel is arranged near the heel of the skate,
and runs upon a vertical axis, the upper end of which is attached to the sole
plate. This wheel consists of a disc of suitable diameter and thickness (which may
be varied to suit different circumstances) and its lower side is made convex. I
profer to arrange either before or behind the horizontal wheel last described a third
wheel running upon a horizontal transverse axis in bearings in the same way as
the wheel at the toe of the skate, and I arrange this wheel at such a height that
when the sole of the skate is horizontal and the skater is moving in a straight
line the horizontal convex wheel does not touch the ground, the skate being
supported upon the other two wheels only. When the sole of the skate is inclined
transversely by the foot, the horizontal wheel then touches the ground, one of the
other wheels being raised from it, and the skater describes a curve (in the direction
to which the foot is inclined) of a radius proportioned to the degree of convexity
of the horizontal wheel and to the extent to which the foot is inclined.
The axis of the horizontal wheel may either be vertical or inclined somewhat
forward or backward from a vertical line.
The horizontal wheel above described revolving upon an axis, vertical or nearly
so, and having a convex lower surface, may be applied to other purposes as well
as to roller skates, for instance to bicycle or other velocipedes for the purpose of
enabling them more readily to turn corners.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LITHOGRAPHIC PRINTING PRESSES
Year: 1876

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Charles Buchanan, of Melbourne, in the Colony of Victoria,
at present of New Kent Road, in the County of Surrey, for the Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN LITHOGRAPHIC PRINTING PRESSES."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Charles Buchanan at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 29th July 1876.
CHARLES BUCHANAN, of Melbourne, in the Colony of Victoria, at present of New
Kent Road, in the County of Surrey. "IMPROVEMENTS IN LITHOGRAPHIC PRINTING
PRESSES."
My Invention relates to improvements in lithographic printing presses, and
consists in a flexible tympan applied and removed automatically by the motion in
and out of the carriage, thereby saving the time occupied in raising and lowering
the tympan each time by hand in the usual way.
It also consists in the employment of a double carriage for the stone, consisting
of a main carriage similar to the ordinary carriage, and a light upper carriage, upon
which the stone rests, situate above and independent of the main carriage, so that
the labor of running the heavy main carriage in and out by hand in order to
remove the stone from under or bring it beneath the scraper as usual is avoided.
The flexible tympan is attached at one end to the end of the main carriage, and
after passing under the scraper is turned back above the scraper to the rear end of
the machine, where it is connected to pendent weights, which serve both to keep
the tympan stretched, and to assist by their weight in running the carriage out.
The tympan is carried back round suitable guide rollers, and either passes through
a slot in the scraper box, or it may pass over the scraper cross head,

page_text: The upper carriage for the stone is fitted to run on a separate pair of rails above
those of the main carriage, and as it is not required to be of great strength, being
supported by the main carriage, it may be inade very light; its rails are rather
wider apart than those of the main carriage, which is brought up between them by
the ordinary lever and eccentrics to properly support the upper carriage, and exert 5
the necessary pressure of the scraper upon the stone.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF HATS OTHER COVERINGS FOR THE HEAD
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Watts Spencer at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 19th May 1876.
WILLIAM WATTS SPENCER, of 11, Abingdon Road, Kensington, in the County of
Middlesex, Carpenter. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF HATS
OTHER COVERINGS FOR THE HEAD."
AND
The object of this Invention is to manufacture hats and other coverings for the
head so that a perfect ventilation will be ensured and the head kept perfectly cool.
The ventilation is obtained by means of a series of small tubes or inlets placed
vertically inside the hat, and made of any flexible or other suitable material, and
which are placed inside the hat between the brim and the inner lining, the inner
lining is perforated with small holes and fitted in position to correspond with the
tubes before mentioned so that when walking or otherwise a constant flow of air
passes in and out of the perforations.
My Invention also consists of further means of ventilating hats and other
coverings of the head by making the crown of the hat a trifle larger in circumference
than the body so that the rim of the crown shall fit over the upper part of the
body of the hat leaving a small perforated space about a quarter of an inch or
thereabout all round for the air to pass through. The crown of the hat is supportee
and kept in its place by means of a small coiled or other suitable spring which
is attached to a band or stay fitted across the top of the body of the bat, in the
centre of which band is a nut, knob, or stud fastening the end of the spring to
a catch or slot so that when it is desired to push up the crown to let in more air
this stud, button, or other device is let go, which relcases the spring. I also in
some cases, and in addition to the spring, support the crown by T pieces of any
suitable material placed at intervals inside the body of the hat, which are kept in
position by means of tongues fitting in slots. When the crown is held down by the
spring these tongues are in the slots, and when the spring is released the same
action releases the tongues from the slots and furnishes additional strength to the
hat. The inside of the hats will be lined in the usual manner.
These improvements are applicable to all kinds of hats and other coverings for the
head, the essential feature being admitting and regulating ventilation to the head.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SHAFTS AND POLES FOR VEHICLES
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alexander Melville Clark at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 6th November 1876. A communica-
tion from abroad by Moïse Mayer, of Paris, France.
ALEXANDER MELVILLE CLARK, of 53, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex,
Patent Agent.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN SHAFTS AND POLES FOR VEHICLES."
This Invention bas for its object to prevent the breakage of the pole or shafts of
a vehicle by the falling of the horse; such accidents are of frequent occurrence, and
the horse is often injured by the broken parts. By the improvements of this
Invention the shafts and poles of vehicles combine strength and lightness with non-
liability to fracture.
As applied to shafts, the shaft is made in two parts, the rear portion of wood
extending from the fore carriage, to which it is jointed, as far as the back band, for
example, while the remaining portion forming the curved end of the shaft is made
of iron or other metal, either solid or hollow. The two parts are united by a sleeve
or coupling of hardened india-rubber, gutta percha, or metal which permits a certain
amount of play or elasticity between the two parts sufficient to avoid breakage of
the shaft in case of accident; or the two parts of the shaft may be hinged together
with a similar object, the joint being enclosed by a sheath of leather, india-rubber,
gutta percha, or other material. The shaft is jointed in the fore carriage of the
vehicle in such a manner that it will be instantly and automatically detached
therefrom when the horse falls. This result is ensured by means of a spring joint
which retains the shaft in position and allows it to oscillate freely up and down
until by the fall of the horse it is automatically released as above mentioned.
In order that the Invention may be more readily understood I have illustrated
the jointing of a shaft to the fore carriage in the accompanying Drawings by way of
example.
Figure 1 shows a side elevation; Figure 2, a top plan; Figure 3, an under side
plan; and Figure a longitudinal section of the butt end of a shaft and part of
the fore carriage to which it is attached. Figure 5 shows the shaft raised and
retained by a pin received in a slot in the spring. Figure 6 shows the shaft as
disconnected from the vehicle by a downward pressure upon it overcoming the
spring.
The same letters of reference indicate like parts in the several Figures,

page_text: a, shaft of any suitable form or dimensions, in which is made an open notch or
recess b to receive the ordinary joint pin c, by which the shaft is connected to the
fore carriage d of the vehicle. e, spring holding up the butt end of the shaft in
position on pin c, but which however yields under the pressure produced by the fall
of the horse, and allows the shaft to drop on to the ground, so that it is not liable to
be broken by the weight of the horse upon it. f is a pin fixed in the end of the
shaft so as to enter a slot g in the spring e when the shaft is raised, as shown in
Figure 5, to retain the shaft upon the joint pin c, and prevent it becoming dis-
connected from the forecarriage d.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ROLLER SKATES
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Benjamin Browne at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 1st March 1876.
BENJAMIN BROWNE, of Brixton, in the County of Surrey. "IMPROVEMENTS IN
ROLLER SKATES."
This Invention consists in constructing roller skates in the following manner:
Instead of making the foot stock of the skate of one entire piece as commonly
practised, I form such foot stock divided crosswise and connect the rollers thereto
in the following manner :-That part of the foot stock on which the heel of the boot
of the skater usually rests I make a fixture, or in other words not to rock or tilt
sideways with the other part of the foot stock, and to this heel part I connect one
broad roller or two narrow rollers mounted on a fixed axle. The other part of the
foot stock I pivot at the centre of its width to the aforesaid fixed heel part. And
to the under side of the movable part of the foot stock I connect by a straight fixed
axle three rollers. The middle roller I form cylindrical and the other two rollers
placed one at each side thereof I form conical for the purpose hereafter stated. I
also affix to that part of the foot stock which comes over the fixed heel part afore-
said a plate of metal of the same shape as the said heel part, and upon this plate the
heel of the boot of the skater is intended to rest, so that in the act of skating with
a skate thus constructed when the sole of the skate is not tilted or moved sideways
the skate may be propelled in a straight line, but upon side pressure being exerted
on the foot stock one or other of the aforesaid conical rollers will be brought into
contact with the skating surface and enable the skate to move in a curved direction
either to the right or to the left. The aforesaid fixed heel piece has its upper
surface rounded for the heel plate of the foot stock to roll or tilt upon. If necessary
a spring or springs may be adapted to the foot stock or fixed heel piece for bringing
the foot stock horizontal or nearly so upon the side pressure thereon being
removed.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CRICKET BALLS
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Malings at the Oflice of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 25th March 1876.
JAMES MALINGS, of the Firm of Jeffries and Malings, of Woolwich, in the County
of Kent, Racket, Cricket Bat and Ball Manufacturers. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF CRICKET BALLS."
This Invention relates to certain improvements in the manufacture of cricket balls,
the object being to make them more capable of sustaining wear than the ordinary
balls, and more especially to render them more serviceable in damp weather by
reason of their resistance to the effects of moisture, so that when the ground is wet
the balls will not be affected during play and be less liable to fracture than hitherto.
This Invention therefore consists in the introduction of catgut in part or entirely
in the scams of cricket balls, by sewing or stitching the seams therewith, so as to
render them impervious to water. The sewing or stitching is done by hand.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN AND RELATING TO DISINFECTING AND PACKING STABLE AND OTHER MANURES FOR TRANSPORTATION."
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Daniel Cole Lowber at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 22nd April 1876.
DANIEL COLE LOWBER, of Warrington, in the County of Lancaster.
"IMPROVE-
MENTS IN AND RELATING TO DISINFECTING AND PACKING STABLE AND OTHER
MANURES FOR TRANSPORTATION."
Stable manure, as is well known, ranks very high in regard to its nutritive
qualities, differing from superphosphates and other chemical manures in containing
both nitrogenous and phosphatic matters, together with all other elements usually
required by plants. It is, however, so much more bulky, and has such a disagreeable
odour, that its value is often much lessened by cost of carriage. It is to greatly
lessen these evils that this my Invention is designed.
I place the manure, to the amount of about two hundredweight, in the chest of
a lever or other press (taking care to have the material. as dry as can conveniently
be arranged.
manure.
I then pour or sprinkle over it the requisite amount of carbolic acid to disinfect
it and press it up. The liquor that comes out is barrelled and is a high class
The solid matters pressed into a compact bale are bound up with slats
and bale ties and are then ready for market. In this way the manure is compressed
to a small fraction of its original dimensions, is fixed up into portable inodorous
bales, and there is no waste by droppings from carts, loss of the liquid portion,
etcetera.
IMPROVEMENTS
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederick Larard at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 13th April 1876.
FREDERICK LARARD, of Brixton, in the County of Surrey.
HINGES."
"IMPROVEMENTS IN
My Invention relates chiefly to an improvement in spring hinges, consisting in
the application of a spiral or helical spring placed upon the hinge pin, and bearing
with its extremities against the plates of the hinge. For this purpose a space. is
provided between the knuckles for the reception of the spring, which lies snugly
therein, and is retained in place by the hinge pin without any other fastening
whatever. The spring acts by torsion, and in applying it to the hinge it has an
extra twist given to it to obtain the necessary power. The hinge can be provided
with one, two, or more springs as may be required. The spring or springs can also
be secured on the hinge pin, so as to give the power in the direction required.
My Invention also relates to a double spring hinge, consisting of a central plate,
to either edge of which other plates are knuckle-jointed and provided with springs
as above described.
This form of hinge is especially adapted for show-case and other doors, a pair of
the double hinges serving for two doors hinged to the same stile, and opening in
opposite reverse directions.
This double form of hinge may also be used without springs if preferred.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METALLIC FRAMEWORK AND FASTENINGS OF TRAVELLING BAGS AND OTHER ARTICLES." SIMILAR
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Simpson at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 10th April 1870.
HENRY SIMPSON, of the City of Manchester. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METALLIC
FRAMEWORK AND FASTENINGS OF TRAVELLING BAGS AND OTHER
ARTICLES."
SIMILAR
This Invention relates to improvements upon an Invention for which Provisional
Protection was granted to me on the 12th day of January 1870.
Instead of employing studs or buttons taking into slots, as described in the Provi-
sional Specification of my former Invention, I produce a similar fastening by means
of a pair of hook bolts applied at either end of both sides of the framework of
travelling bags and other similar articles.
These hook bolts whilst the jointed or hinged side of the framework is drawn out
of its straight form are capable of sliding past one another so as to become hooked
or bolted together as the framework straightens, when they are locked in position by
the entering of the staple or staples into the lock.
In another modification of my Invention I form both sides of the metallic framework
rigid and apply the hook bolts as just described, but in order to release such hook
bolts, and so to open the bag, I so arrange the staples of the lock that the whole
side of the framework is capable of sliding sideways, whilst to assist the opening I
apply a spring or springs between the sides to give the framework a constant
tendency to open.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF FLOORS FOR SKATIN G
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Edward Stokes at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 3rd February 1876.
GEORGE EDWARD STOKES, of Westbourne Park, in the County of Middlesex.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF FLOORS FOR SKATIN G."
This Invention relates to the construction of floors upon which ice may be formed,
and which may be used for the purpose of skating or otherwise, and it consists in
constructing isolated supports upon which metallic plates may be placed and
supported, such series of plates being surrounded at their exterior edges with a
flange so as to form a reservoir containing the water which it is desired to convert
into ice, under which metallic plates a continuous or intermittent flow of or
current of refrigerated brine or other difficultly solidified fluid is made to circulate,
practically unimpeded, so that free and practically unimpeded circulation may be
obtained.
In carrying out my Invention the metallic plates are supported or rest upon the
upper surface of supports, such supports being either placed singly upon the floor,
or by preference secured into and connected with cross bars, or with what is known
as trelliswork; upon the upper portion of the supports I place by preference a
cushion or layer of vulcanized india-rubber. The upper portion of such supports
are by preference perforated, and if vulcanized india-rubber be employed then the
perforations in the same are made to correspond with the perforations in the
supports.
The metallic plates are to be connected and the joints be rendered water-tight
by the intervention of a strip of vulcanized india-rubber, or of any other yielding
material.
Upon the metallic plates an inverted flange may be formed, which is to be
connected by means of bolts or screws with the adjoining flange or flanges of the
neighbouring plate, thus forming a uniform and level surface. Or the plates may
be connected and rendered water-tight by the employment of a plate or plates of
iron or other metal placed either under or over, or placed both under and over the
metallic plate, and by the employment of an intervening layer of vulcanized india-

page_text: rubber or other yielding material, together with bolts or screws, be then firmly
secured.
The trelliswork with the supports attached is by preference imbedded in a bed
of asphalte so as to render the same rigid. The distances at which these supports
are to be placed will depend upon the material employed, the lesser resisting 5
material requiring a greater number of supports than a more rigid material.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE ARRANGEMENTS AND WORKING of ELECTRIC TELEGRAPHS
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Dickenson at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 19th June 1876.
WILLIAM DICKENSON, of 56, Linton Street, New North Road, Islington, in the
County of Middlesex. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE ARRANGEMENTS AND WORKING of
ELECTRIC TELEGRAPHS."
This Invention has for its object improvements in the arrangements and working
of electric telegraphs.
The Invention is applicable especially to long cable lines or lines partly cable and
partly over land.
At the receiving station the battery is permanently connected at the zinc end
with one side or set of plates of a condenser and also with the line. The other pole
of the battery is to earth. The other side of the condenser is connected with earth
through the relay or receiving instrument.
At the sending station the key when making a signal puts the line to earth,
causing a partial discharge of the line and the condenser at the receiving station,
and the discharge of the condenser operates upon the relay or receiving instrument.
When the line is not in use it is connected with the batteries at both terminals,
and the batteries are opposed the one to the other, but when either station desires
to communicate the battery and condenser at the sending station is disconnected,
and the sending key is coupled up with the line.
In connection with the key I apply a small galvanometer; it serves as an
indicator, shewing the sender that the battery at the receiving end of the line is
connected. When the receiver desires to break in during the receipt of a message
he disconnects his battery, and immediately the indicator at the sending station
ceases to be influenced by the key.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARA- TUS FOR SPINNING AND DOUBLING COTTON AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Wrigley at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 25th January 1876.
THOMAS WRIGLEY, Manager for the Finn of Messrs. Fielden Brothers, of Tod-
morden, in the County of Lancaster. "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARA-
TUS FOR SPINNING AND DOUBLING COTTON AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES."
This Invention relates to the flyers used in such machinery, and to the method of
suspending and stopping the same; and my improvements consist in fixing a ring
round the arms of the flyer to prevent the expansion thereof by centrifugal force.
Also in constructing flyer necks or bushes partly conical, so that they may fit and
bear in similar conical or countersunk recesses in the flyer rail, which construction
admits of the "flyer" necks or bushes being made shorter than heretofore.
I form a rim or flange on the bush which projects beyond the spindle rail, and
by pressing this rim with the hand or by a spring or pusher the flyer may be
stopped with less danger than lieretofore.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SELF-ACTING MULES AND MULE DOUBLERS USED FOR SPINNING AND DOUBLING COTTON, WOOL, SILK, AND OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS."
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Thomas Palmer at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 29th March 1870.
"
HENRY THOMAS PALMER, of Middleton, in the County of Lancaster, Consulting
Engineer. IMPROVEMENTS IN SELF-ACTING MULES AND MULE DOUBLERS USED
FOR SPINNING AND DOUBLING COTTON, WOOL, SILK, AND OTHER FIBROUS
MATERIALS."
This Invention relates, first, to the quadrant used for regulating the winding, and
consists in an improved mode or arrangement of giving positive motion to the
quadrant by means of a toothed rack fixed to the front of the travelling carriage,
the rack gearing into a toothed wheel on an upright shaft having at the top a
mitre wheel gearing into another mitre wheel fixed on the quadrant pinion shaft, or
1 give positive motion to the quadrant shaft by toothed wheels and chain.
The second part of my Invention relates to the drawing out motion, and consists
in the employment of a lever or catch to prevent the lever that carries the gearing
which gives motion to the back shaft from rising out of gear when the carriage is
suddenly put in motion.
On the stud on which the lever or catch works there is a second lever having a
bowl moved by an incline fixed to the carriage when the lever or catch is required to
act, or the bowl may be placed on the carriage and the incline on the second lever,
the incline in both cases being capable of adjustment longer or shorter as required,
and to the second lever is attached a connecting rod provided with a handle for
enabling the operative to put the lever or catch in position when the carriage is
suddenly put in motion.
Iм- PROVEMENTS IN LUBRICATING SKATE ROLLERS AND IN APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Percy Holt and Adolphus
Frederick Spiller at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 27th
October 1876.
HENRY PERCY HOLT, of Leeds, in the County of York, and ADOLPHUS FREDERICK
SPILLER, of Warwick Street, Charing Cross, in the County of Middlesex. “Iм-
PROVEMENTS IN LUBRICATING SKATE ROLLERS AND IN APPARATUS CONNECTED
THEREWITH."
The object of this Invention is improvements in lubricating skate rollers and
in apparatus connected therewith, whereby we are able to provide an efficient
continuous lubricator in which to store or hold a sufficient quantity of lubricant for
several days' work without attention, and consists in fixing a bush or box a in the
middle of each roller of a skate to form a chamber in the centre of a roller b, the
box having an opening in the centre just of sufficient size to admit the axle cat
the skate or inner end; the outer end of the bush a is open but capable of being
closed by means of cap d secured by screwing it in or otherwise, so that the
lubricant which is put in cannot pass out or escape after the cap d is adjusted, the
cap itself not being liable to come off in working. e is a bearing of cylindrical form
which is of less diameter than the bore of the bush chamber (which bearing runs on
the skate axle) is introduced through the outer end in two pieces in order to get it
on to the axle which is grooved to take the end or side thrust after the manner of
a "thrust block" (as used on steam ship screw propeller shafts). This bearing e is
provided at the inner or "skate end" with a collar f which nearly fits the bore of
the bush chamber; against this collar f is a spiral spring (which occupies a
position in the chamber between the bearing and the bush. Compression is put on
this spring by means of the outer cap d for the purpose of keeping the packing h
tight, which is introduced round the axle between the end of the chamber, and the
bush to prevent the lubricant from escaping at the shoulder end.
We fit a mop washer j on the shoulder end of the axle to receive any splash oil
that might escape.
The lubricant is introduced at the outer cap end and fills the spare spaces round
and between the spring and the end of the cap. The bearing has a touch in the
interior of the cap, as exemplified in Figure 1 of the annexed Drawings.

page_text: In some cases in lieu of the grooves in the axles and the split bearing a solid
bush may be used, as in Figures 2 and 3, and the axle reduced near the outer end
to form a shoulder, and a pin collar i put on the end (inside the cap) to take the
end thrust.
By these arrangements there is only one working joint of small diameter to keep
tight against the lubricant, the shoulders for resisting side thrust are of small
diameter to avoid friction, and all the working surfaces are internal, well lubricated,
and protected from dust and dirt.