Improvements in Machinery for Working Stone.
Year: 1891

page_text: Date of Application, 5th June, 1891
Complete Specification Left, 4th Mar., 1892-Accepted, 14th May, 1892
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Machinery for Working Stone.
IGNAZIO GIRAUD of 95, Via Veneto, Rome, Italy, Merchant and GUILIO
MARINI of 50 Via dell' Anima, Rome, Italy, Engineer, do hereby declare the
nature of this invention to be as follows:-
The intrinsic nature of the invention is clearly set forth by the accompanying
drawings in which Fig. 1 & Fig. 2. represent the apparatus in its front view and
horizontal section respectively. Fig. 1 & 2 aforesaid show the blade-holder LL,
M M, B, which is the principal part of the apparatus.
This blade-holder is so constructed as to be able of receiving and holding a
number of chisels or blades which may be previously arranged to designate the
whole of the outlines of any particular shape in which a stone is to be cut.
To further illustrate Fig. 1 & 2. C, C, C, C, is the board along which the blade
holder described above, slides in a horizontal direction. On the flat part L La
hinge A is arranged so that the blade holder can be lifted up when the blades must
not cut. Again this plan L L by means of a cog arrangement on its upper part
and in connection with a continuous screw may move, and cause the whole of the
blade-holder to move, to the right or to the left, so as to give the blades the
required inclination.
The blades or chisels are first arranged in the required shape, in a separate
apparatus shown in Fig. 6 & 7. in which L, is a mould upon which the blades are
set in position while they are being held within and by the frame C₁C. This
frame is shown very distinctly in Fig. 5, which gives two different projections of it
and a section. This frame CC is placed in the apparatus in question between
the fixed bearings E, E, and the moveable bearing F. F. the latter being governed
by the vice H. When the blades are properly arranged on and along the mould L,
as to leave no doubt that they exactly reproduce the outlines of the required shape,
screw D is then turned in tightly, so as to keep the blades together and not allow
them to move from the position obtained. To attain this result with even more
certainty, two strong pieces of iron or steel are placed at each end of the set of
blades. By letting then vice H loose, the frame C, C, with the arranged blades
therein, will come out, and it will then be ready for being placed in the blade
holder above described. The shaft M M will therefore be removed and the blades
introduced between the bearings O. O. and held tight therein by means of a
screw H, which from the right to the left govern the bearings O. O. Shaft M M
is then put back to its place and held there by means of screws N N N. These
screws reach as far as the eye P of frame C, C³, so as to push and press the blades
right against the flat surface of the blade holder. This being done, and all ready,
the stone will be fixed on the flat part of the machine and it will then begin its
straight or rotatory work according to the apparatus being applied to a planing or
turning machine.
The blades begin to cut the stone and when all the linear and curve parts in it
are well delineated all along the total length of the stone the work may be
practically called complete. This however cannot be but a preparatory work.
Another important apparatus (which form part of the invention) has been
provided for the "finishing off" of the work.
This is shewn in No. 3. & 4. Figs. where its section & vertical & horizontal
projections are given.
GG is a piece of cast iron shaped into a groove with three fixed hinges S S S;
to this a set of springs R R is strongly fastened. By means of the hinges S, the
contrivance is allowed to turn on its own axle; the two projecting arms V. V. are

page_text: attached to the hinges, and by means of screws S S the pressure exercised by
the set of springs is regulated.
The finer blades T are arranged to reproduce in every detail the design or
❝ contour
as explained above in illustrating Fig. VI. They are held firm by
screws . . . shown in Fig. 3 & 4. On the hind part of the blades a counter
mould of cast iron is applied to control their movements & to help to resist the
high friction which is demanded by them; while on the fore part of the same blades
a set of plates T T is provided to keep them firm & to prevent them from bending.
The springs R. R. referred to above are meant to give elasticity to the apparatus
while working.
U U, U U are intended io control the inclination of the blades, which describe
an angle of about 10". Should however the inclination of the blades be altered,
the screws Z Z, would fulfil this task. The arrow as in Fig. II. shows the
direction in which the stone would move when at work. When the blades are
ready in the finishing, off" holder, then it is slipped into the gear G, of the
principal holder already described at Fig. 2. which has purposely been provided at
the bottom thereof. The apparatus will then work as before, and the finer blades
will this time finish off the stone by cutting away and levelling all the furrows
that the preceding blades had left. To thoroughly understand this is sufficient to
observe the position of the blades in the first instance (Fig. 11) and their position
in Fig. III.
While the blades in both processes are kept perfectly tight and cannot in any
way move from or alter their position, yet perfect elasticity is afforded them, so as
to render their task easier and the work more satisfactory: especially in the case
of the finer blades (Fig. 3) when the special set of springs R, described, is provided
for that purpose.
The inventors did not deem it necessary to give the drawings of a complete
machine inasmuch as their apparatus can be applied to several types of machines
already in use, such as planing, smoothing lathing etc.
They further state that the nature of their invention more strictly consists:
1st. In the system of blades to be arranged in any desired shape;
2nd. In the special apparatus in which such blades may be so arranged.
3rd. In the "finishing off" apparatus.
ENRICO MICHELI,
18 Northampton Square, Clerkenwell, E.C., Agent for Applicants.
:
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Machinery for Working Stone.
We, IGNAZIO GIRAUD, of 95 Via Veneto, Rome, Italy, Merchant and GUILIO
MARINI, of 50 Via dell' Anima, Rome, Italy, Engineer do hereby declare the
nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
In order to cut mouldings in stone we employ a tool consisting of a number
of thin steel blades placed side by side and held firmly in a clamp. Each
blade is bevelled at its lower end and terminates in a V point. The tool is
adjusted by bringing the points of the blades against a model of the moulding to be
produced the points of the blades are made accurately to conform to the moulding
and this done the clamp is tightened upon them. The tool thus prepared is taken
to the moulding machine. The moulding machine for straight work may resemble
a planing machine such as is employed in planing metal. The stone to be operated
upon is in this case fixed upon a table which traverses to and fro beneath a beam
extending across it and supported by two columns. The beam is movable up and
down upon the columns by means of screws or otherwise and is caused slowly to
descend whilst the work is in progress. Upon the beam there is a slide and on this

page_text: is a tool carrier adapted to clip and firmly hold the tool. The tool carrier is
jointed to the slide so that during the return movement of the work the points of
the tool disengage from the stone.
For circular work a rotary table may be employed.
For finishing the work to a smooth face scraping tools are employed, they are.
mounted upon a flap which is hinged to a foot or piece carried in a dovetail groove
in the under part of the tool carrier already referred to. The edges of the scraping
tools are made to the contour of the moulding, they are held in contact with the
work by springs pressing on arms provided upon the hinged piece carrying the
scrapers. Adjustable stops prevent the springs from forcing the tools beyond a
certain angle. The pressure of the springs also can be adjusted.
Having thus stated the nature of our invention we will proceed to describe the
drawings lodged with our Provisional Specification.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Figure 1 is a front elevation of apparatus in accordance with our invention for
forming mouldings on stone.
Figure 2 is a vertical section of the same.
Figure 3 is an end elevation of apparatus in accordance with our invention for
finishing mouldings upon stone.
Figures 4 show front elevation and plan of the apparatus represented in Figure 3.
Figures 5 show the clamp or holder by which the cutting blades for forming the
moulding are held in their proper relative positions.
Figure 6 is a plan of an apparatus which we employ for adjusting the cutting
blades to the contour of the required moulding and holding them whilst they are
secured in the clamp.
Figure 7 is an end elevation of Figure 6.
C is a beam mounted preferably as in a planing machine on columns, the columns
however are not shown in the drawing. The beam C is adjustable up and down on
the columns by screws. Upon the beam C there is a slide which can be traversed
by a screw to any position required. The slide is made in two parts, and the front
part is movable upon the rear part about a pivot by means of a hand wheel
turning a screw E engaging with an are of teeth upon the part L.
The part 1
when set to the required position is clamped fast.
On the part L is the projecting boss A through which a hinge pin passes this
pin connects the tool carrier with the slide. The tool holder is a hinged flap on
which are two sliding jaws 0 0. These jaws can be made to approach each other
by turning the screws H H and the jaws are thus caused to nip the tool. The tool
consists of a series of pointed steel blades B B which have been previously suitably
arranged and locked fast in the clamp shewn by the Figures 5.
M is a bar which is received into dovetail grooves in the jaws 00; this bar can
be removed to facilitate the insertion of the tool. N, N, N are screws passing
through the bar M and which are tightened against the tool to clip it firmly by
pressing it to the face of the tool holder immediately in rear of the blades. The
ends of the screws N, N, pass into the slot P in the clamp.
The stone upon which the moulding is to be formed may be mounted upon a
travelling table moving to and fro horizontally like the table of a planing machine.
The arrow in Figure 2 shews the direction in which the work approaches the
blades B whilst the cut is being made. The tool does not cut whilst the work
returns as the joint at A. allows the tool holder to lift and free the points of the
blades B.
After each traverse the beam C is made to descend a minute distance and this
continues until the points of all the blades B are down to the stone.
For circular work a rotary table is employed and the movement being always in
the same direction the joint at A. is unnecessary.
Various movements may be
imparted to the table as may be required.

page_text: In Figures 6 and 7 L is a model of the moulding which it is desired to produce;
it is adjusted in position upon a bed plate against an angle bar K. B B are the
pointed steel blades arranged loosely on the bed plate between two stouter end
pieces. A clamp c' such as is shewn at Figures 5 surrounds the bars. The blades B
are thus lodged between the jaw E' which is fixed upon the bed plate and the jaw F
which is moveable along a guide groove and can be forced forward by the screw H
which works through a bearing at G.
When the points of the blades B are accurately set to the model L as the
drawing indicates, they are nipped by turning the screw H. The blades are made
of various thicknesses to facilitate accurate adjustment to the lines of the moulding
but they are always comparatively thin. When the proper adjustment of the
blades is obtained and they are locked fast between the jaws E and F the screw D
of the clamp is tightened. The tool is then removed from the setting apparatus
and taken to the machine where it is locked in the tool carrier as already explained.
The cutting tool leaves the work with a series of lines upon it corresponding to
the points of the blades B and usually it is required to remove these lines; this is
done by the scraping tool represented by Figures 3 and 4. G¹ is a piece which can
be inserted and fixed in the groove G seen on the under side of the tool carrier in
Figure 2. The piece G has upon it bosses sss through which a hinge pin passes.
The hinge pin also passes through other similar bosses S S upon a grooved flap.
TTT are scrapers made of steel plate and with edges fashioned exactly in
conformity with the model of the moulding. are a series of screw bolts which
are held by their heads in the groove of the flap; these bolts pass through the
scraping blades T T T and also through the cast iron tablets T T T2 T2 which
are placed in front of and behind the scraping blades to stiffen them. The bolts r
receive nuts which when screwed fast clip the scrapers against the face of the
grooved and hinged flap. This flap is provided with arms V V which bear upon
the bundles of steel blade springs R R. The springs R are fixed to the piece G'.
In Figure 3 an arrow is seen which indicates the direction in which the work passes
beneath the scrapers. The springs R it will be observed, cause the edges of the
scraping blades to bear upon the work but they nevertheless do not hold them
rigidly but allow them to yield somewhat to irregularities of the surface. The
pressure exerted by the springs may be regulated by means of the screws s".
order also to control the action of the springs R and to maintain the scrapers at a
suitable inclination, the hinged flap has lugs U U upon it and the piece G' has
corresponding lugs U₁ U. Z Z are adjusting screws passing through the lugs U
and bearing upon the lugs U'.
In
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what
we claim is :-
1. The tool for cutting mouldings in stone consisting of a series of thin steel
blades pointed at the end, with their points arranged in accordance with the contour
of the moulding and all firmly bound together in a clamp substantially as herein
described.
2. The tool for finishing mouldings consisting of scraping blades with edges
formed in accordance with the contour of the moulding; such scraping blades being
fixed upon a hinged flap controlled by springs and stops substantially as herein
described.
3. Apparatus substantially as described and illustrated by the annexed drawings
to be used in cutting and finishing mouldings upon stone.
Dated this 24th day of February 1892.
IGNAZIO GIRAUD.
GUILIO MARINI, ENGR.