matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM ENGINE EXPANSION VALVES
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Christopher James Little at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 12th March 1875.
.
I, CHRISTOPHER JAMES LITTLE, of No. 11, Chichester Street, Pad-
dington, in the County of Middlesex, Engineer, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM ENGINE
EXPANSION VALVES," to be as follows:-
:
This Invention relates to an improved system of expansion valves.
In this "expansion valve instead of making the valves with square
ends, the ends are mado at an angle of or about 45° to the line of
travel, the steam ports in the main valve being made to correspond.
This valve may be made either of the flat surface valve, flat surface
valve stepped to shorten valve box, gridiron valve, piston or cylindrical
valve, with a rotating movement to regulate the expansion, suitable
ports being cast in the main valves, etc.; or the expansion valve may
be divided in two, square to the line of travel, the base of one part
and the apex of the other being on top "in horizontal engines," a
rocking lever, or racks and pinion, or their equivalents connecting the

page_text: two parts together, the said rocking lever, etc., working on a centre
fixed to the valve strap to actuate the parts transversely across the back
of the main valve to alter the grade of expansion; or the expansion
valve may be divided in two at the line of travel with their bases or
apexes together at the centre line, and working transversely across the
back of the main valve from or to each other to regulate the amount
of expansion; these parts are connected together by a rocking lever,
racks and pinion, or their equivalents.
16-P.
This expansion valve is moved transverse y across the back of the
main valve by the governors, whereby a greater or less amount of
expansion is given, according to the transverse position of the expansion
valve. There is an index fixed on the lever or rod to indicate the grade
of expansion.
This valve is suited to all description of engines whether using
governors or not.
This expansion valve may be worked in the ordinary method with.
excentric tappits or their equivalents, and a square projection or
equivalents is cast or bolted on the back of the expansion valve to
work in the slotted transverse regulating rod, or by a rod and pin,
or by a lever, or rack and sector on the end of a rod working through
a stuffing box at the end of the valve box; this said rod working
through a square boss on a lever outside the valve box, and receiving
a rotating motion from the governors, or the valvo, rod, might be
employed for that purpose....
LONDON:
:
Printed by GEORGE EDWARD-EYRE and WILLIAM SPOTTISWOODE,
Printers to the Queen's most Excellent Majesty. 1875.
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IMPROVE- MENTS IN MACHINERY FOR WINDING SEWING THREAD OF COTTON, LINEN, OR SILK
Year: 1875

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William McGee, of Paisley, in the County of
Renfrew, North Britain, Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN MACHINERY FOR WINDING SEWING THREAD OF COTTON, LINEN, OR
SILK."
Sealed the 6th December 1875, and dated the 15th June 1875.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William M'Gee at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
15th June 1875.
4
I, WILLIAM M'GEB, of Paisley, in the County of Renfrew, North
Britain, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR WINDING SEWING, THREAD OF COTTON,
LINEN, OR SILK," to be as follows, that is to say :-
This Invention relates to machinery specially adapted for winding

page_text: sewing thread of cotton, linen, or silk, upon paper or other tubes, or on
wooden or other spindles.
In carrying out the Invention the thread is wound in what is known
as the cop form or in other words in conical layers, so that it can be
drawn off endways and without rotation of the cop..
The winding spindles aro by preference placed vertically, and may be
driven by toothed gearing, or by cords from a long drum, or by frictional
discs, but in each case well known means are employed to cause the
speed of the spindles to vary, so as to compensate to a greater or less
extent for the varying diameter of the conical surface upon which the
thread is being wound.
The traverse guides for leading the threads (which may be drawn off
bobbins or reels) in a regular manner up and down the conical surface
are upon a horizontal rod carried by levers on a shaft that is made to
vibrate by a modification of the usual heart motion. The spindles aro
not moved endways as they fill, but the same result is obtained in a
much simpler manner by giving the traverse rods a slow progressive
movement in addition to their vibration. A lever which moves the
traverse rods has connected to it a chain which passes under a pulley
'held by a lever or slide that is acted on by the heart cam, the other end
of the chain being fixed to a barrel, to which worm and worm wheel
gearing imparts a slow motion.
The action of the heart cam on the chain causes the vibration
necessary for the traverse movement, whilst the slow motion of the
barrel gradually winds up the chain, and thereby gradually alters the
mean position of the traverse rods. A larger or smaller barrel is used
accordingly as a quicker or slower progressive motion is desired in each
case.
Detectors or stopping appliances such as are used in existing winding
machines may be adopted for stopping the machine when a thread
AN IMPROVED PORTABLE BAND OR TIE FOR BINDING UP AGRICULTURAL. PRODUCE, AND WHICH BAND OR TIE IS APPLICABLE FOR OTHER USEFUL PURPOSES
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Ephraim William Hodgetts at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 10th August 1875.
I, EPHRAIM WILLIAM HODGETTS, Manufacturer, of Moreton-in-the-
Marsh, Gloucestershire, do hereby declare the nature of my said Inven-
tion for "AN IMPROVED PORTABLE BAND OR TIE FOR BINDING UP AGRICULTURAL.
PRODUCE, AND WHICH BAND OR TIE IS APPLICABLE FOR OTHER USEFUL PURPOSES,"
to be as follows (that is to say).
My Invention is particularly applicable for economising and simpli-
fying labour in the harvest field, but I will confine my description to
the binding of wheat, which after being cut is usually made up into
sheaves by the husbandman taking a handful of wheat with the longest
straw, and twisting the same into a bind, and with it bind up the sheaf,
which is tedious, and in unsettled weather objectionable from the bind
holding the moisture which will generate milldew.
And my improvements consist in taking a suitable length of cord
made of any suitable fibrous material, of which I have found cocoa fibro
to answer well. At one end of this cord I form a short row of knots or

page_text: other equivalent projections, and at the other end a small hook made
from wire or flat plate or other suitable material. With these simple
means a child is able to pass it around a sheaf of corn, and bring the ends
together by passing the hook around the cord within one or other of the
knots. before mentioned, when the expanding force of the compressed
sheaf will make it sufficiently secure for necessary handling; and suppose
from rain or other influence it becomes necessary to open the sheaf for
drying, it can be readily done, and with the same facility again enclosed
within the tie when necessary.
These ties can be made and vended at the most trifling cost, and with
care will endure for years. As an equivalent, instead of tying knots at
one end, the same facility for expansion and contraction may be afforded
by the use of a short length of wire chain, when each link will form a
stay or holdfast in lieu of the knots..
AN IMPROVEMENT OR IMPROVEMENTS IN SEWING MACHINE NEEDLES
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Elliott at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 1st
September 1875.
I, JAMES ELLIOTT, of Kettering, in the County of Northampton,
Machinist, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"AN IMPROVEMENT OR IMPROVEMENTS IN SEWING MACHINE NEEDLES," to be as
follows, that is to say :-
This Invention consists in forming the points of sewing machine
needles tapered off to one side of the blade of the needle instead of
towards the centre or longitudinal axis of the blade and shank, the
result of which form of point is that the needle point and the shuttle are
prevented from coming into contact with each other in operation. The
point must be tapered towards the long grooved side of the needle, or that
side which is farthest removed from the shuttle.
IMPROVED MEANS OF ATTACHING TIES, SCARVES, OR CRAVATS
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by François le Maistre at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
3rd July 1875.
I, FRANÇOIS LE MAISTRE, of Little Britain, in the City of London,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVED
MEANS OF ATTACHING TIES, SCARVES, OR CRAVATS," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to an improved means of attaching ties, scarves,
or cravats to the button or collar stud of a shirt collar, and it consists
in the use for this purpose of a strip or piece of india-rubber in the
form of a tab provided with a button hole or slit.
By reason of the elasticity of the india-rubber this tab may be
readily attached by pressing it upon the collar stud or button so as to
expand the slit and enable it to slip over the head of the stud or button
and so secure the fastener thereto.
The fastener may either be made in the form of a disc enclosed or
clipped within a metal ring or frame attached to a metal plate having

page_text: perforations to enable it to be sewn to the back of the tie or scarf, or
the rubber may be simply clamped along its lower edge by a metal clip
or holding frame connected to a perforated shank or plate and attached
by sewing as before.
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IMPROVEMENTS IN ORNAMENTING CERTAIN WOVEN FABRICS KNOWN BY THE NAME OF 'DHOOTIES' AND IN APPARATUS TO BE USED THEREIN.
Year: 1875

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Edward James Lomnitz and John Duxbury, both
of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, for the Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN ORNAMENTING CERTAIN WOVEN FABRICS KNOWN BY THE
NAME OF 'DHOOTIES' AND IN APPARATUS TO BE USED THEREIN.'
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Sealed the 8th June 1875, and dated the 8th April 1875.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Edward James Lomnitz
and John Duxbury at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 8th April 1875.
We, EDWARD JAMES LOMNITZ and JOHN DUXBURY, both of Man-
chester, in the County of Lancaster, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN ORNAMENTING CERTAIN WOVEN

page_text: FABRICS KNOWN BY THE NAME OF 'DHOOTIES,' AND IN APPARATUS TO BE USED
THEREIN," to be as follows:-
=
Our improvements consist principally in ornamenting such woven
fabrics with a colored border or stripe of any suitable design along the
edge of the fabric, such colored border being produced by printing and
by preference printed on both sides simultaneously by means of the
following arrangement :-
Wo employ a calico printing machine made with two engraved
cylinders for cach color, one above and one below the cloth, each
cylinder being provided with its own color box and furnishing roller.
These cylinders are all so geared together and "registered" that each
pair of cylinders will print simultaneously on both sides of the fabric,
with the pattern exactly matching or "registering" as it is termed, and
suitable guides being provided to keep the selvedge of the fabric in its
place, so that the pattern is printed perfectly even along the edge from
end to end.
The pattern may be printed either along one or both edges of the
fabric and unen either one or both sides as may be found preferable.
MENTS IN MEANS FOR FACILITATING THE TRANSIT OF WHEEL CARRIAGES ON ROADS
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Ludwig von Wojewodsky at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 19th April 1875.
I, LUDWIG VON WOJEWODSKY, of St. Petersburg, but now residing
at No. 14, South Street, Finsbury, in the County of Middlesex, Gentle-
man, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN MEANS FOR FACILITATING THE TRANSIT OF WHEEL CARRIAGES ON ROADS,"
to be as follows :-
:-
The object of the Invention is that whilst the bearing wheels or
wheels proper of the carriage may be of any suitable size the surface
at any one time bearing on the ground may be a part of a much larger
segment. For this purpose the ordinary wheels of the carriage are
formed to run on rails applied to the inside surfaces of larger wheels.
The axis of each larger wheel is supported over that of the smaller one
working with it, and these axes of the larger wheels may be simply
studs or other guides.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BOILERS FOR HEATING WATER FOR WARMING BUILDINGS AND LIKE USES
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Crosland Lumby at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
24th August 1875.
I, EDWARD CROSLAND LUMBY, of Halifax, in the County of York,
Boiler Maker, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN BOILERS FOR HEATING WATER FOR WARMING BUILDINGS
AND LIKE USES," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates mainly to boilers for purposes aforesaid of the
class known as "saddle boilers," and the object is that by an improved
arrangement of flues or passages for the flames and heated gases, and
in some cases as herein-after described an improved arrangement of flue
and water way combined to secure greater efficiency from a given
quantity of fuel.
Heretofore "saddle boilers " have been provided with one or more
cross and longitudinal waterways connecting the side or end water
spaces of the boiler.
"
In constructing "saddle boilers according to this Invention and
having the cross or longitudinal waterways, I provide a central passage

page_text: or flue for flame and heated gases within each cross or longitudinal
waterway. I prefer however the use of one or more longitudinal
interior waterways, and having the central passages or flue for flames
and heated gases. When desirable these waterway and flue tubes may
be placed obliquely or at such angle as to admit of a direct feed for
fuel from the top of the boiler as well as or in lieu of the ordinary
front feed.
The flames and heated gases arising directly from the fuel act upon
the exterior of this longitudinal inner waterway and pass to the exterior
of the boiler by way of an aperture in the crown, sides, or end of the
boiler, whence they are diverted by the exterior brickwork and mid-
feathers to the central passage or flue of the longitudinal waterway;
on reaching the front of the boiler another diversion takes place, the
flames and heated gases passing along the exterior of the boiler to the
exit flue or chimney.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE MOULDING OF FUEL, MAKING IT MORE COMPACT FOR STORAGE, AND ALSO PREVENTING THE SPONTANEOUS COMBUSTION, ALSO GIVING ASSISTING POWER IN THE BURNING
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Elizabeth Marriott at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with her Petition, on the 20th
October 1875.
I, ELIZABETH MARRIOTT, of 29, St. John's Street, Northampton,
England, and actually at Paris, France, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE MOULDING OF FUEL,
MAKING IT MORE COMPACT FOR STORAGE, AND ALSO PREVENTING THE SPONTANEOUS
COMBUSTION, ALSO GIVING ASSISTING POWER IN THE BURNING," to be as
follows:-
My Invention relates to an improvement in the moulding of small
coal and other mineral or vegetable substances usually employed in the
manufacture of artificial fuel.
According to my Invention I mould the fuel in blocks of such a
geometrical form that they will pack closely together on all sides,
without leaving any vacant spaces between them. For example, I may
mould the fuel in the form of regular hexagonal prisms, which when
juxtaposed will present a honey-combed appearance. The result of this
method of moulding the blocks is that much less room is required in

page_text: storing the fuel, which is an important advantage especially in loading
ships' cargoes of artificial fuel, as the blocks are not liable to shift or
become damaged by the rolling and pitching of the vessel, moreover all
danger of spontaneous combustion is obviated, since the air has little or
no access between the blocks.
The fuel instead of being moulded in seperate blocks of hexagonal or
other form may be compressed in cakes having deep paralled grooves,
so as to form when broken long sticks of hexagonal or other regular
forms, as for instance, with deep angular ridges or furrows.
Lastly blocks of these forms facilitate the combustion of the fuel in:
the furnace.
IMPROVED MEANS OF AND APPARATUS FOR RAISING OR FLOATING SUNKEN VESSELS OR OTHER HEAVY BODIES OR MATERIALS
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Thomas at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 10th
September 1875.
I, CHARLES THOMAS, of the City of Bristol, Merchant, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for " IMPROVED MEANS OF AND
APPARATUS FOR RAISING OR FLOATING SUNKEN VESSELS OR OTHER HEAVY BODIES OR
MATERIALS," to be as follows :-
11
My Invention consists in raising or floating sunken ships or other
heavy bodies or materials by means of buoys or hollow vessels, which are
to be sunk and secured to the sunken ship and then made buoyant by
the generation of gas or gases, which may be liberated in or conveyed
into their interior after they have been sunk and attached to the body
to be raised or floated.
In the case of vessels provided with water-tight compartments, the
compartments themselves when made properly air-tight may be fitted
with gas or gases generated in them, and which will expel the water
from the compartments through opening provided for the purpose. By
this means I render the ship buoyant and specifically lighter than the

page_text: water, so that it will be raised to the surface, whenit may be towed into
a place of safety.
'
-In-carrying out my Invention I provide a number of hollow iron
vessels of any convenient shape and capacity, the number depending
upon the size and weight of the vessel to be raised; each of these
vessels is provided with a pipe open at both ends and extending from
the outside to nearly the bottom of the interior, and I also provide them
with a small vessel to contain the chemical ingredients to be employed
for generating the gases, the pressure of which will expel the water
contained in the hollow iron vessels. The gas that is most easily and
cheaply procurable is carbonic acid gas, which may be generated in any
of the well known ways; bicarbonate of soda or carbonate of lime, which
may be decomposed by dilute sulphuric acid, will quickly evolve a large
volume of carbonic acid. Any other gas which can be casily produced
may be used if preferred, such for instance as hydrogen, which may be
produced by the decomposition of water by electricity or otherwise.
When a sufficient number of the hollow iron vessels filled with water
have been sunk and secured in place in connection with the vessel to bo
raised, the operation of generating the gases is commenced by bringing
the sulphuric acid into contact with carbonate of lime or soda, when the
gas will force out the water from the iron vessels or other confined
spaces and will take its place, so that in the course of a short time the
sunken vessel will become specifically lighter than the water, and will
consequently rise to the surface.
If desired flexible vessels may be secured under the decks and other
IMPROVEMENTS IN SAFETY VALVES FOR STEAM BOILERS OR OTHER VESSELS
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edmund William Roxby and
William Pearson at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 1st July 1875.
We, EDMUND WILLIAM ROXBY, Engineer and Machine Maker, of
Quebec Foundry, Leeds, and WILLIAM PEARSON, Engineer, of Bradford,
both in the County of York, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN SAFETY VALVES FOR STEAM BOILERS OR OTHER
VESSELS," to be as follows, that is to say :-
Our Invention relates to employing double edged or ring valves for
giving the required relief from pressure in steam boilers or other vessels.
For this purpose we construct the seat of the valve with circular
openings, through which escapes the steam when the boiler or vessel
requires relief from pressure; the steam escapes from the outside and
inside of the circular openings giving an increased discharging power.
The seat of the valve is ribbed and the centre is formed with a boss
having an opening in which works a guide formed on the valve. The
valve is made with rings having grooves formed in the bottom parts, and
bearings are made on each side of the grooves forming the joints which

page_text: retain the pressure in the boiler or vessel. The bearings fit on the tops of
the seat and over the circular openings. The rings of the valve are well
ribbed and the valve is weighted to any required pressure by dead
weights fitted on the top of the valve; these weights can be made with
lugs through which pass guide rods to keep them together.
E
When the required pressure in the boiler or vessel is obtained the
ring valve and weights are raised from the seating, releasing the pressure.
By these means we produce safety valves giving large discharging areas
in the blowing lips..
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN BREECH-LOADING FIRE-ARMS
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Palmer Jones at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
11th February 1875.
I, WILLIAM PALMER JONES, of Birmingham, in the County of
Warwick, Gunmaker, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN BREECH-LOADING FIRE-ARMS," to be as
follows:-
--
This Invention relates to breech-loading fire-arms, and is intended to
be adapted to those kinds of sporting guns made on what is known as
the drop-down snap system, and consists substantially of the improve-
ments herein-after specified.
According to my Invention the barrels are constructed with an
extended lump thereon which projects from the under side of the breech,
and this is caused to take into a suitable slot provided in the false breech
or body of the action, and is held therein when the barrels are closed by
a bolt taking into or over it. With this arrangement of securing the
barrels I combine a second bolt for the sake of greater security, which
works upon the same frame and is connected to the lower or first

page_text: mentioned bolt by a small pin, the said last mentioned bolt taking into
a recess provided under the rib of the barrels, and thus both of the said
bolts being on the same frame are actuated by the same movement, and
are caused to fly into their respective grooves at the same moment,
and I thus obtain a motion upon closing or locking the barrels which is
free from jarring, and very even in its effect.
As a modification I sometimes prefer to cut a slot in the rear of the
hinge lump into which a third grip is caused to take. When this is
done this third grip forms part of the same frame, and thus being a
component part of it works simultaneously with it, I prefer however
in making guns with three grips or fastenings to construct them without
the before mentioned extended lump, and in this case the bottom bolt is
by preference of solid construction, and it is provided with two grips,
the one to take into a suitable slot in the rear of the hinge lump, and
the other to take into a slot cut in the rear of a second lump at the
breech end. These said grips are connected with the upper or rib bolt
in the same manner as before described, and by means of the bevelled
rear end of the hinge lump bearing against the forward end of the
bottom bolt, and so forcing it gradually back until it falls into the slot
provided to receive it, I ensure the same evenness and freedom from
jarring upon the closing or locking of the barrels as before described.
The respective actions herein-before described may be either worked by
lever on the top or break off of the action, or by a lever on the under
side of the body of the action, or by any other convenient means.
J
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR PLAITING FABRICS
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Daniel Nickols at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 8th
December 1875.
I, DANIEL NICKOLS, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR PLAITING FABRICS," to be as follows:-
My improved machinery consists of two endless chains passing over
rollers, the links of the upper chain are provided with blades set
As the fabric
vertically, and the lower chain has horizontal blades.
passes through the machine the vertical blades press it in folds between
the horizontal blades, and the vertical blades are lifted by means of
grooved cams out of the folds, the bottom chain carries the fabric
forward between two calender rollers which are heated to set the plait.
The upper calender roller is provided with an endless ironing blanket
to prevent the glazing of the fabric.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN DISTRIBUTING MANURES AND IN THE MACHINERY OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREFOR
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Parker at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 13th
August 1875.
I, ROBERT PARKER, of Stranraer, in the County of Wigton, North
Britain, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention of "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN DISTRIBUTING MANURES AND IN THE MACHINERY OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED
THEREFOR," to be as follows, that is to say:-
This Invention relates to a new or improved machine for distributing
manures.
The mechanism consists of one or more vertical shafts which are
revolved within the box or vessel which contains the manure. The lower
blades are preferably placed at an acute angle to the shaft or to one
another so as to force the manure towards and through the opening, and
other blades are placed above them for feeding the manure down to the
lower blades. In place however of arranging the shaft and blades
vertically they may be situated at an angle. The shafts carrying the
blades, of which there may be one or more, are actuated by the motion of
the machine when being drawn over the ground. In place of arranging

page_text: the machine with vertical or inclined shafts with blades only the lower
blades may be placed on a horizontal shaft and the upper blades on a
vertical shaft.
In cases where it is desired to distribute the manure broadcast either
with the improved machine herein described, or with the manure
distributor described in the Provisional Specification of the said Robert
Parker, No. 1300, A.D. 1875, a quickly revolving shaft with fan like
blades is situated below the openings of the box or vessel through which
the manure is forced, and the rapid revolution of these blades causes the
manure to be widely distributed, that is to say, broadcast.
IMPROVEMENTS IN FASTENINGS FOR SLEEVE BUTTONS, SOLITAIRES, AND STUDS, WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE ALSO APPLICABLE TO OTHER ORNAMENTAL ARTICLES OP DRESS
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Brookes at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 9th
March 1875. Communicated from abroad by Antoine Benjamin
Durrande, of Paris, in the Republic of France, Jeweller.
I, WILLIAM BROOKES, of 62, Chancery Lane, in the County of
Middlesex, Patent and Registration Agent, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN FASTENINGS FOR SLEEVE BUTTONS,
SOLITAIRES, AND STUDS, WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE ALSO APPLICABLE TO OTHER
ORNAMENTAL ARTICLES OP DRESS," (communicated to me from abroad by
Antoine Benjamin Durrande, of Paris, in the Republic of France,
Jeweller,) to be as follows:-
This Invention as communicated to me relates particularly to im-
provements in fastenings for sleeve buttons, solitaires, and studs, but
they are also applicable to earrings, bracelets, and other ornamental
articles of dress.
In constructing sleeve buttons or solitaires according to this Invention
a shank or stem, by preference of an elongated section to suit the shape
of a button hole, is soldered, screwed, or otherwise affixed to the back of

page_text: the disc or button. In the said shank or stem is a cylindrical hole or
chamber opening outwards. The said hole or chamber contains a small
pin or piston pressed outwards by a suitable spring. The outer or free
end of the said shank or stem is forked, and to the said forked part is
jointed a small bar or cross picce, in which is a longitudinal slot
extending from near one end to about half the length of the said bar, the
said slot is traversed by a pin or axis passing through the two arms of
the fork. By this means the said bar when in a horizontal position may
be made to slide upon its axis so as to form with the shank or stem a T,
or it may be drawn along upon its axis till its end rests upon the shank
or stem, and then be turned upwards endwise so as to be in the same line
with the said shank or stem.
In the last mentioned position the solitaire is ready to be inserted into
or withdrawn from the buttom holes of the sleeve or other article of
dress to be secured by the solitaire; when the solitaire is to be attached
to the said article the bar or cross piece is turned down so as to be at
right angles to the shank or stem, it is then moved upon its axis till it
assumes with it a T shaped figure, thus preventing the shank or stem of
the solitaire from being drawn from the button holes. The spring piston
by pressing upon the bar or cross piece keeps it in the position in which
it is placed.
When this Invention is applied to earrings or other articles of
jewellery the shank may be made cylindrical, and in some cases such as
brooch fastenings the cross piece may be pointed at one end so as to
readily penetrate the article to which it is to be attached.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN OR APPLICABLE TO ROLLER SKATES
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Haworth at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 1st
December 1875.
I, JOHN HAWORTH, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster,
Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN OR APPLICABLE TO ROLLER SKATES," to be as
follows:
In roller skates of the ordinary construction no provision is made for
arresting the forward motion of the skater. Now my Invention consists
in applying a skid or break under the heel of the skate, which skid or
break can be brought against the floor by slightly raising the front of
the foot; by this means the advance of the skater can be retarded or
arrested in the same way as by. the square heel of the skate acting on
the ice. The application of this skid or break to roller skates will
prevent many of the accidents now unavoidable on skating rinks.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION, RIG, AND EQUIPMENT OF Lipe Boats, RaptS, AND OTHER VESSELS, AND IN MEANS FOR Lowering and Launching the same
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Atkin at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 11th January
1875.
I, ROBERT ATKIN, of the "Jerusalem," Cowper's Court, Cornhill, in
the County of Middlesex, Master Mariner, do hereby doclare tho naturo
of tho said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION, RIG, AND
EQUIPMENT OF Lipe Boats, RaptS, AND OTHER VESSELS, AND IN MEANS FOR
Lowering and Launching the same,” to be as follows : —
The improvements consist in the construction of life boats or rafts
carried or attached to vessels, and so constructed that they may be easily
attached and detached to or from such vessels, and capable of stowing
the necessary equippments, provisions, water, &c., always available in
time of need.
The life boat proper is constructed in two portions, which when put
together form the boat; the means adopted for putting them together
is similar to that adopted in fixing the two halves of a hinge, with tho
necessary bolt running thro' their eyelets fore and aft the whole length of
such vessels, and provided with keels to be lowered or raised. The boat

page_text: also carries sails the shape of a lug sail, with a yard at the head and a yard
at the foot of the sail, but the sail is in two pieces of unequal proportions,
the larger being abaft and the smaller being before the mast, connected by
hoops round the mast forming one sail when so connected. The head of
the sail abaft the mast is also attached to the yard with hoops, and fitted |
with an outhaul and a downhaul. The boat is also provided at its
mainmast head with an iron construction to push a signal polo up
thro', to shew a flag by day and a lamp by night; such pole is made in
parts capable of being screwed together and whon not in use stowed in
the boat. The boat is also provided with a lamp or stove and distilling
apparatus, and liquid combustible properly stowed away, to distil sea
water for the use of the people in the boat. The mast, sails, and all
other equipments are so stowed in the boat that when the boat is closed
by its two halves all its contents are perfectly secured and available
when required.
The improvements also consist in the construction of a raft which
shall occupy small space, and which may be utilized for other purposes,
such as seats on the poop, hammock nettings, &c. Such raft may be
made of iron or other materials, and is formed of three or more parts
attached to each other the same as the life boat; the centre part is
double the width of the wing pieces, which when turned up form one
block carrying a self-acting signal apparatus, and provided with stowage
for provisions, &c. On the deck of the ship is a turntable on which the
boats and rafts are stowed, and from which they can be launched. The
davits fitted to the ship for lowering the boats are made to swing out
at the head, and when the boat is detached return to their original
position.
A NEW GENERAL ADVERTISING CALENDAR
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Jenny Gumprecht at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with her Petition, on the 18th
June 1875.
I, JENNY GUMPRECHT, of 6, Commercial Street, Shoreditch, in the
County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "A NEW GENERAL ADVERTISING CALENDAR," to be as follows:-
This new general advertising calendar consists of a certain number of
sheets of paper (365 or 866 sheets for the daily calendar, 52 or 53 sheets
for the weekly calendar, 26 or 27 sheets for the half monthly calendar,
12 sheets for the monthly calendar). These sheets are surrounded by a
paper band on which they are pasted at the top and right and left sides
so as to strip off the sheets easily one after the other by seizing them at
the foot of the calendar where they are not pasted.
According to my improvement the date in the centre of each sheet
of the calendar will be surrounded with advertisements, and each sheet
may be double or with a fly leaf folded at the bottom, so that when the
top sheet is pulled off the fly leaf of the next sheet will hang down and
expose to view a greater quantity of advertisments than could be con-
tained on a single sheet.

page_text: These calendars may be of any shape and size desired, and the sheets
may be of paper of various colours.
Each calendar will be fixed on ornamented pasteboard bearing the title,
"General Advertising Calendar," and tho year.
The advertisements may be lithographed, chromo-lithographed, or
printed by any other process.
This new advertising calendar is intended to be distributed gratuitously
amongst public establishments and mercantile houses, thus affording to
manufacturers and others a new and advantageous publicity.
AN IMPROVED ANNEALING POT
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Williams at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 26th May
1875.
I, CHARLES WILLIAMS, of Cardiff, in the County of Glamorgan, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED
ANNEALING POT," to be as follows :—
This Invention relates to an improved annealing pot, and it has for its
objects the attainment of strength in and of the capabilities of free
expansion and contraction of the pot and its stand, and of a more
beneficial distribution of the constructing material.
The Invention consists in constructing the pot and stand of a
combination of wrought and cast iron in lieu of the usual material, and in
disposing and shaping such combined material so as to form the pot (by
preference of a rounded oblong form) with a combined arched and fluted
top, which gives all necessary strength and the capabilities of free

page_text: expansion and contraction during the varying degrees of heat to which
the pot may be subjected or exposed in the furnace.
And the Invention further consists in slightly dividing with hoop iron
and parting or "breaking" cach side of the stand flange when in the
mould, so as to allow it to expand and contract freely.
IMPROVEMENTS IN RAILS AND THEIR CONNECTIONS USED FOR THE PURPOSE OF A ROAD OR OTHER SURFACE FOR WHEELS TO RUN ON
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Searle at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 3rd March
1875.
I, RICHARD SEARLE, of No. 23, Amhurst Road, Hackney, in the
County of Middlesex, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN RAILS AND THEIR CONNECTIONS USED FOR
THE PURPOSE OF A ROAD OR OTHER SURFACE FOR WHEELS TO RUN ON," to be as
follows:-
1
My Invention consists in the use of a key or keys inserted transversely
into an opening formed by nothes cut in the ends of each rail, so that
the pressure upon one rail shall be at the same time conveyed and
brought to bear upon the next length of rail in continuance, so tending
to make the deflection of the ends of the rails the same when travelled
over, and consequently to that extent causing an uniformity of surface.
The second part of my Invention consists in fastening on to the rails
what are commonly called and known as "fish plates" by means of keys
of a wedge-like form.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF SCREW PROPELLERS
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alexander Browne at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 17th
February 1875.-A communication from abroad by Addison Calvin
Fletcher, Engineer, of the City, County, and State of New York,
United States of America.
I, ALEXANDER BROWNE, of the Firm of Browne and Company,
Patent Agents, of 5, Southampton Buildings, Holborn, in the County
of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF SCREW PROPELLERS," a communica-
tion from abroad by Addison Calvin Fletcher, Engineer, of the City,
County, and State of New York, United States of America, to be as
follows:-
This Invention relates to certain improvements in propeller screws for
ships, steamers, rams, vessels of war, torpedo boats, and for propulsion
in general, whereby the propelling power of the screw is greatly
augmented, and the resistance of the water in front of the screw
materially lessened when in operation, thus giving increased velocity
to the vessel, and consists in making the blades of screw propellers

page_text: hollow, and in providing the same with water induction or inlet
openings, and eduction or outlet openings, which openings may be
placed respectively at the front or rear sides of the screw, and at the
axis of the screw and apex of the blades, so as to cause the water taken
in at the centre or front of the screw to be conducted to the exit
opening or openings in the blade, where it is discharged with great
force by the centrifugal motion of the screw, thus giving additional
propelling power to the same, and obviating churning of the water.
This Invention further consists in providing hollow screw blades with
an opening at or about the axis of the propeller, and with a slit or
aperture on the outside edge, so as to cause the water to be discharged
laterally at a right angle to the line of rotation of the screw for
augmenting the speed of rotation of the same.
This Invention further consists in placing hoods or caps in juxta-
position to the water inlet openings of the screw so as to catch the water
and conduct the same into the passages in the blades.
This Invention further consists in placing horizontal, oblique, or other
ribs or projections inside the water passages, so as to interrupt the flow
of the water, and throwing the same from side to side before it is
discharged, thus obtaining the greatest assistance from the water in
rotating the screw.
This Invention further consists in adapting an ordinary screw propeller
to receive and discharge water by applying thereto a front wall, which
is constructed with a parabolic curve at its outer end, and attached to
the ordinary propeller blade, which thus constitutes the rear wall of the
hollow blade thus formed.
This Invention further consists in forming a flange on the upper edge
of the front plate between the ends of the two plates for throwing the
water directly to the rear as the screw revolves.
IMPROVEMENTS in Tables for uSE ON BOARD SHIP
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel Broadbridge at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
3rd December 1875.-A communication from abroad by Edward
P. S. Andrews, of Havilah, California, United States of America.
I, SAMUEL BROADBRIDGE, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster,
Mariner, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
“ IMPROVEMENTS in Tables for uSE ON BOARD SHIP,” to be as follows:--
The object of this Invention is so to construct tables or like carriers
for use on board ship that any articles or their contents placed thereon
or carried thereby shall not be upset or caused to slide or be precipitated
over the edges of the said tables by the rolling or pitching motion of the
ship.
In carrying the above Invention into practice the upper or carrying
portion of a table is constructed in two or more, usually three, portions
or leaves, all hinged or jointed to uprights or supporting pieces so as to
be capable of rocking each on a horizontal axis, and all so connected
together by levers and connecting rods, and controlled in their motion

page_text: by a balance weight or weights, that all of such leaves or portions of the
top of the table shall rock simultaneously.
To further ensure that articles such as plates and dishes placed on a
table constructed under the said Invention shall be held in the desired
position raised strips or projections are fitted longitudinally on the
upper surface of the above described portions or leaves.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN UMBRELLAS AND PARASOLS, AND IN CASES OR SHEATHS FOR THE SAME
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Cornelius Hurcombe at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 7th September 1875.
I, JOHN CORNELIUS HURCOMBE, of the City and State of New York,
United States of America, now of No. 8, Southampton Buildings,
London, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN UMBRELLAS AND PARASOLS, AND IN CASES OR SHEATHS FOR THE SAME,"
to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to the securing of the silk, cotton, or other
fabric forming the covering of umbrellas and parasols, and to the
securing of the fabric of the cases or sheaths for protecting umbrellas
and parasols and similiar articles, in such a manner as to render the
same more strong and durable, and to give them a heater appearance
than heretofore.
The said Invention is carried into practice by means of a metallic
protecting device or compound eylet, consisting of an eylet and ring
attached to the silk, cotton, or other covering of the umbrella or parasol,
or to the glazed muslin or other material comprising the case or sheath,

page_text: so as to confine the fabric between the two parts of the eylet. The
said device may be formed of brass or other suitable metal, and is of the
necessary width and thickness to give the required security and support
to the article, whereto it is applied.
In-applying-this-Invention-the-silk-or-other covering_on_the_case or
sheath to be secured is placed upon a post, anvil, or other suitable
support, the said eylet is laid upon the said support and the fabric
placed upon it. The said ring is then placed over the fabric, which is
thus enclosed between the eylet and ring; then the parts of the eylet
are pressed together and the eylet turned over upon the fabric, so as to
confine the folds of the said fabric and the ring between the top and
bottom flanges of the eylet. By the use of this device I obviate the
necessity of using any thread for securing the fabric to the metal part of
the umbrella or parasol or case, and thereby avoid the inconvenience
which has heretofore been found to arise from the liability of the thread
to break and the fabric to be cut by the said metal part.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF TORPEDOES, AND IN THE MEANS AND METHOD OF TOWING AND GUIDING THE SAME
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John O'Connell Cave at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
22nd February 1875.
I, JOHN O'CONNELL CAVE, of Weston-super-Mare, in the County of
Somerset, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF TORPEDOES, AND IN THE MEANS AND
METHOD OF TOWING AND GUIDING THE SAME," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in certain improvements in the construction
and arrangement of torpedoes, and also in the means and method of
towing and guiding the same by the means herein-after mentioned. A
kite is formed of any suitable and desired size and shape, and is attached
to the torpedo by means of a cord, line, or lines of the requisite length
to enable it to acquire the necessary height for the purpose of towing
and guiding the torpedo. The kite is guided to either side according
to the direction of the wind by the cord, line, or lines being so tied or
attached that the flat side of the keel of the torpedo offers an oblique
resistance to the kite, thus causing them both to travel obliquely. The
kite is furnished when desired with a central vertical wing, fan, or rudder

page_text: fixed obliquely so as to increase the angle or degree of departure from
the direction of the wind.
The torpedo is furnished when desired with a suitable rudder, which
can be fixed at any desired angle. In the case of a submarine torpedo,
it is caused to remain at any desired depth by being attached to a small
hollow cylinder or tube filled with air, which is so placed as to run
parallel to a part of its length and acts as a float. The torpedo is made
of any desirable weight so as to allow the cylindrical or tubular float to
be of comparatively small size.
If desired a guiding line or lines may be attached to the kite or to the
torpedo for the purpose of communicating with a boat or other vessel or
with a buoy; balloons may sometimes be used instead of kites or in
combination therewith, or kites may be so constructed as to allow
certain parts thereof to be inflated with gas.