AN IMPROVED CHURN OF AGITATOR
Year: 1864

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Carrington, of Stockport, in the County of
Chester, and Thomas Turner, of the City of Manchester, in the County
of Lancaster, for the Invention of "AN IMPROVED CHURN OF AGITATOR."
Sealed the 20th December 1864, and dated the 21st June 1864.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Carrington and
Thomas Turner at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 21st June 1864.
We, WILLIAM CARRINGTON, of Stockport, in the County of Chester, and
THOMAS TURNER, of the City of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED CHURN OR
AGITATOB," to be as follows:-
We suspend a vessel of any suitable shape or dimensions on pivots or studs
in a framework, there being a rod for working a dash or agitator in the said
vessel, similar to an ordinary churn. We give motion to the rod. by a crank
turned by a handle or any other means, and we fix to the surface of the crank
or crank pin a bevil wheel gearing into another bevil wheel fixed to the top
of the rod which works the dash or agitator. When the crank is turned it
gives a reciprocating motion to the dash or agitator, the bevil wheels giving
it at the same time a revolving motion, and the vessel itself in consequence of
its being suspended on pivots has an oscillating motion; all the said motions
acting together serve as a powerful agitator for churning milk, mixing colors,

page_text: or agitating size, starch, or other liquids or compounds. Or instead of causing
the vessel to have an oscillating motion we make it stationary, and give the
rod connected to the dash or agitator reciprocating motion in a straight or
parallel direction, and at the same time give it rotary motion by means of
bevil wheels, the parallel motion of the rod being caused by connecting to the
crank a spur wheel gearing into a stationary internal toothed wheel having
suitable hollows or breaks for the change of motion, and we also apply the
bevil wheels to other known parallel motions for the purpose of giving
reciprocating and revolving motion simultaneously to a dash or agitator.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said William Carrington and Thomas Turner in the Great Seal
Patent Office on the 21st December 1864.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, WILLIAM
CARRINGTON, of Stockport, in the County of Chester, and THOMAS TURNER, of
the City of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-first day of June, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-four, in the twenty-eighth year of
Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto us,
the said William Carrington and Thomas Turner, Her special license that we,
the said William Carrington and Thomas Turner, our executors, administrators,
and assigns, or such others as we, the said William Carrington and Thomas
Turner, our executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the
term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "AN IMPROVED CHURN OR
AGITATOR," upon the condition (amongst others) that we, the said William
Carrington and Thomas Turner, our executors or administrators, by an
instrument in writing under our, or their, or one of their hands and seals,
should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention,
and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be
filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said William Carrington and Thomas
Turner, do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention, and in what

page_text: manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascer
tained in and by the following statement (that is to say) :-
We suspend a vessel of any suitable shape or dimensions on pivots or studs
in a framework, there being a rod for working a dash or agitator in the said
vessel, similar to an ordinary churn. We give motion to the rod by a crank
turned by a handle or any other means, and fix to the surface of the crank or
to the crank pin a bevil wheel gearing into another bevil wheel fixed to a
socket on the top of the rod which works the dash or agitator. When the
crank is turned it gives reciprocating and oscillating motion to the dash or
agitator, the bevil wheels giving to it at the same time revolving motion, and
the vessel itself in consequence of its being suspended on pivots has an
oscillating motion, which motions all acting together serve as a powerful agitator
for churning milk, mixing colors, or agitating size, starch, or other liquids or
compounds. Or instead of causing the vessel to have an oscillating motion
we make it stationary, and give the compound motions to the dash or agitator
only, there being a ball joint in the cover of the vessel for enabling the rod of
the dash to oscillate to and fro at the same time that it reciprocates and
revolves. Or instead of causing the vessel to have an oscillating motion we
make it stationary, and give the rod connected to the dash or agitator
reciprocating motion in a straight or parallel direction, and at the same time
give it rotary motion by means of bevil wheels, the parallel motion of the rod
being caused by connecting to the crank a spur wheel gearing into a stationary
internal toothed wheel, the flange of which has suitable hollows or breaks for
allowing the passage of one of the bevil wheels as the rod changes its motion,
and we also apply the bevil wheels to other known parallel motions for the
purpose of giving reciprocating and revolving motion simultaneously to a dash
or agitator.
This Invention will be clearly understood by referring to the figures and
letters on the accompanying Sheet of Drawings, in which Fig. 1 is a front
elevation with part in section, and Fig. 2 an end elevation of that arrange-
ment of our improved churn or agitator in which reciprocating, oscillating,
and revolving motion is given to the dash and oscillating motion to the vessel
containing the liquid or compound to be agitated; Figs. 3 and 4 are front and
end elevations with parts in section of the arrangement in which the dash has
reciprocating, oscillating, and revolving motion in a stationary vessel; and
Fig. 5 represents one of the modes of giving reciprocating and revolving
motion to the dash in a straight or parallel direction.
In Figs. 1 and 2 the vessel containing the milk or other liquid or compound
to be agitated is shewn at a; it has on its exterior two studs or pivots b, which

page_text: work in bearings in the frame c, and at the top of the frame there are bearings
or pedestals d carrying the shaft e, which has at one end a handle f and at the
other end a crank g, to which is fixed the crank pin h. The dash or agitator
is shewn at i; it is fixed to the rod k, which passes through a gland in the
cover m, and is fixed at the top to the socket n, which is fitted to a pin or
bearing on the head or link o, so that it can revolve. The said head is jointed
to the crank pin h, to which or at the surface of the crank is fixed the bevil
wheel, gearing into the bevil wheel r, fixed to the socket n. When' the
crank is turned by the handle it gives reciprocating and oscillating motion to
the socket, rod, and dash, and at the same time gives them revolving motion by
means of the bevil wheels; and as the vessel is supported on pivots it oscillates
to and fro with the rod, thereby obtaining a number of movements capable of
causing great agitation.
In Figs. 3 and 4, representing a modification of the foregoing arrangement,
the rods and dash t have reciprocating, oscillating, and revolving movements
imparted to them by a crank u and bevil wheels v, wu, similar to those shewn
in Figs. 1 and 2, but the vessel a, containing the liquid or compound to be
agitated, is stationary. The frame y, for carrying the shaft z, to which the
crank is fixed, is connected to the top of the vessel, and in the cover a¹ of the
vessel there is a ball-and-socket joint or gland b¹, for enabling the rod and
dash to oscillate and revolve with ease, there being a hole in the ball through
which the rod reciprocates up and down as it revolves. When desired we
employ a stationary vessel, and give the dash a reciprocating movement to and
fro in a straight or parallel direction, and at the same time give it a revolving
motion. One arrangement for this purpose is shewn in Fig. 5. The rod to
which the dash is fixed is connected by means of a socket to the pin c¹ fixed
to the spur wheel d¹ working on the crank pin e¹, and to the surface of
the wheel is fixed the bevil wheel f¹, concentric with the pin c¹, and gearing
into the bevil wheel h¹, fixed on the socket. The spur wheel d¹ gears
into the stationary internal wheel k', the flange of which has hollows for
allowing the passage of the bevil wheels at the changes of the to-and-fro
motion of the rod, so that when the spur wheel is turned by a handle and
shaft the rod and dash shall have a straight or parallel reciprocating motion,
and also a revolving motion by means of the bevil wheels.
Figs. 1, 2, 3, and 4 are drawn to a scale of one-fourth, and Fig. 5 one-
eighth, but it is evident that the machines may be made of any desired size,
and also that the framework and other parts may be arranged to suit the
requirements.
Having now described the nature and particulars of our said Invention, and

page_text: the manner in which the same is to be performed, we desire it to be distinctly
understood that we claim in churns or agitators,-
First, the system of employing a bevil wheel fixed to a crank pin or to the
surface of a crank, and gearing the said wheel into another bevil wheel fixed
to a socket fastened to the rod of the dash and connected by a link or head to
the crank pin, as before described and shewn in Figs. 1 and 2, for the purpose
of giving reciprocating, oscillating, and revolving motion to the dash and
oscillating motion to a suspended vessel containing the liquid or compound to
be agitated.
Secondly, the system of giving by means of the crank, bevil wheels, and
socket the aforesaid compound motions to a dash placed in a stationary vessel,
as described and shewn in Figs. 3 and 4.
And, thirdly, the system of giving to a dash placed in a stationary vessel a
revolving motion, and also a reciprocating motion in a straight or parallel
direction by the bevil wheels and parallel motion shewn in Fig. 5, or by
employing bevil wheels in connection with any known parallel motion suitable
for the purpose.
In witness whereof, we, the said William Carrington and Thomas Turner,
have hereunto set our hands and seals, this Fifteenth day of December,
in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-four.
WILLIAM CARRINGTON. (LS.)
THOMAS TURNER.
Signed, sealed, and delivered by the
within-named William Carrington
and Thomas Turner in the presence
of
E. J. HUGHES,
Patent Agent,
Manchester.
(LB.)
and Thomas Turner in the presence
of
E. J. HUGHES,
Patent Agent,
Manchester.