IMPROVEMENTS IN SASH BARS OR ASTRAGALS
Year: 1884

page_text: I, ALEXANDER DRUMMOND, of the city and county of Edinburgh, Glass Merchant,
do hereby declare the nature of my said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN SASH
BARS OR ASTRAGALS," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to improvements in the construction of sash bars or
astragals of the kind in which sheet metal strips or bars, or wooden astragals,
for supporting the glass are combined with glazing strips of sheet lead or other
ductile metal which serve in lieu of putty to secure the glass.
The improved sash bar or astragal is composed of a strip of zinc or other sheet
metal which is folded or doubled longitudinally at or near the centre and expanded
out towards the edges, so that it approximates to a Y-shape in cross section, the
lower limb being doubled to form a strong central web and channel and the upper
limbs, (which form lateral wings on which the glass is supported) being curved to
form a gutter or channel on each side.
Within the doubled web part of the bar thus formed, is fitted a doubled strip of
sheet lead or similar ductile metal, which extends vertically upwards between the
adjacent sheets of glass which are supported on the lateral wings of the bar, and
when the glass is in place, the upper edges of this doubled strip of ductile metal
are folded over the edges of the glass to secure it. The lower edge of the ductile
glazing strip is secured to the main part of the bar by pins or screws passed
through both the bar and strip, and the folded upper edges of the strip are
prevented from rising after they have been folded over, by passing, at intervals,
small strips of harder metal, such as zinc, transversely through the lead on a level
with the upper surface of the glass, and bending the ends of these small strips over
the folded glazing strips. The upper edges of the lateral wings of the bars which
support the glass may be bent over to form longitudinal channels, which may be
filled with putty or with tarred rope-yarn, rubber tubing or other yielding or
plastic material, to form a bedding for the glass and prevent the passage of
moisture; or separate longitudinal strips in the form of channels similarly filled
may be carried on the upper edges of the lateral wings of the bar; and when
separate strips are used double channels may be provided, the one part being filled
and the other empty and serving to carry off moisture. To give additional strength
to the supporting sheet metal bars of the construction described the doubled central
web of the bar may be opened out and formed to correspond in cross section to the

page_text: sections of ordinary bars or astragals; and when so opened out iron or steel wires
or rods may be passed longitudinally through the web or under the lateral wings
of the bar.
In bars of extra length, iron or steel rods or wires may be passed transversely
through the bar at intervals and secured at the ends to support the bar and the
weight of the glass. In roof lights or other glazed structures in which the sheets
of glass are fitted to overlap each other, the upper edges of the supporting sheet
metal bars are cut or stepped to the requisite extent, and this can readily be done
to suit any thickness of glass, by cutting the sheet metal with shears. In such
cases also transverse strips of sheet metal may be fitted between the overlapping
edges of the glass, and he bent outside to prevent the glass slipping down out of
place, and bent inside to form channels for conducting away moisture collected
from the inside of the glass..
The form of bar described as approximating to a Y-shape is that which I prefer
to use in combination with the folded glazing strip of lead; but the bar may be
of U-shape, or of any similar shape, having a channel or depression within which
the doubled strip of lead may be secured, and it may be made of iron or steel, sheet
zine, wood, or other material usually employed in the construction of sash bars or
astragals.
A single strip of lead may be used instead of the double strip, and be secured in
the groove or channel in the bar or astragal, the upper edge being first bent over
the one sheet of glass, then doubled back to cover and secure the edge of the
adjacent sheet of glass. In this case also the bent glazing strip may be prevented
from rising by transverse securing strips of harder metal. The bars or astragals
described are applicable for glazing lattice windows or ornamental glass doors,
as well as for the larger class of roof-lights or windows and glazed structures
generally.
D
l
CT
1004

page_text: I, ALEXANDER DRUMMOND, of the City and County of Edinburgh, Glass Merchant,
do hereby declare the nature of my said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN SASH
BARS OR ASTRAGALS," and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement:→
This Invention relates to improvements in the construction of sash bars or
astragals of the kind in which sheet-metal strips or bars or wooden astragals, for
supporting the glass, are combined with glazing strips of sheet-lead or other ductile
metal, which serve in lieu of putty to secure the glass.
>
In the accompanying Drawings, Figure 1 is a perspective view of part of
glazed roof, showing the improved astragals applied. Figure 2 is a transverse
section of the same. Figure 3 is a plan of the astragal, Figure 4 is a trans-
verse section of the astragal, and Figure 5 is a section showing the mode of
connecting the overlapping joints of glass.
The improved sash bar or astragal is composed of a strip A of zinc or other sheet
metal which is folded or doubled longitudinally at or near the centre and expanded
out towards the edges, so that it approximates to a Y shape in cross section, as
shown particularly in figure 4, the lower limb being doubled to form a strong
central web and channel at A and the upper limbs (which form lateral wings A¹
on which the glass is supported) being curved to form a gutter or channel on each
side.*
±
Within the doubled web part of the bar thus formed, is fitted a doubled strip B
of sheet lead or similar ductile metal, which extends vertically upwards between
the adjacent sheets of glass C, which are supported on the lateral wings A¹ of the
bar; and when the glass is in place, the upper edges of this doubled strip of ductile
metal are folded over the edges of the glass to secure it as at B¹. The lower edge
of the ductile glazing strip B is secured to the main part of the bar A by pins or
screws b passed through both the bar and strip, and over a longitudinal wire
or strip a fitted within the lead, and the folded upper edges B' of the strip B, are
prevented from rising after they have been folded over, by passing at intervals,
small strips c of harder metal such as zinc, transversely through the lead B on a
level with the upper surface of the glass C and bending the ends of these small
strips c over the folded glazing strips B¹. The upper edges of the lateral wings A¹
of the bars which support the glass, may be bent over to form longitudinal channels,
which may be filled with putty or with tarred rope-yarn, rubber tubing or other
yielding or plastic material, to form a bedding for the glass and prevent the passage
of moisture; or separate longitudinal strips in the form of channels similarly filled
may be carried on the upper edges of the lateral wings of the bar; and when
separate strips are used, double channels may be provided, the one part being filled
and the other empty and serving to carry off moisture. To give additional strength
to the supporting sheet-metal bars of the construction described, the doubled central
web of the bar may be opened out and formed to correspond in cross section to the
sections of ordinary bars or astragals; and when so opened out iron or steel wires
or rods may be passed longitudinally through the web A or under the lateral
wings A' of the bar. In bars of extra length, iron or steel rods or wires may be
passed transversely through the bar at intervals and secured at the ends to support
the bar and the weight of the glass, or the ordinary purlins F may be used. In
roof lights or other glazed structures in which the sheets of glass are fitted to
overlap each other, the upper edges of the supporting sheet-metal bars are cut or

page_text: stepped to the requisite extent as shown in Figures 1 and 2, and this can readily
be done to suit any thickness of glass, by cutting the sheet metal with shears. In
such cases also, transverse strips G of sheet metal, as shown in Figure 5, may be
fitted between the overlapping edges of the glass, and be bent outside to prevent
the glass slipping down out of place, and bent inside to form channels for conducting
away moisture collected from the inside of the glass. The form of bar A described
and shown as approximating to a Y-shape is that which I prefer to use in combination
with the folded glazing strip B of lead; but the bar may be of U-shape, or of any
similar shape, having a channel or depression within which the doubled strip B of
lead may be secured, and it may be made of iron or steel, sheet-zinc, wood, or other
material usually employed in the construction of sash bars or astragals.
A single strip of lead may be used instead of the double strip B and be secured
in the groove or channel in the bar or astragal A, the upper edge being first bent
over the one sheet of glass, then doubled back to cover and secure the edge of the
adjacent sheet of glass. In this case also the bent glazing strip may be prevented
from rising by transverse securing strips of harder metal. The bars or astragals
described are applicable for glazing lattice windows or ornamental glass doors,
as well as for the larger class of roof-lights or windows and glazed structures
generally.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is,
First. The improvements in sash bars or astragals, substantially as herein set
forth.
Second. The combination with a sash bar or astragal of Y or U or similar shape
adapted to support sheets of glass, of a single or doubled strip of ductile metal
serving to secure the glass sheets in place, substantially as herein described and
illustrated.
Dated this Twenty second day of October 1884.