Improvements in Oil Engines.
Year: 1898

page_text: Date of Application, 23rd June, 1898-Accepted, 3rd Sept., 1898
Improvements in Oil Engines.
A communication to me from WILHELM BROCKHAUSEN and FRIEDRICH BROCK-
HAUSEN, both of Mitauer. Stadttheil, gr. Altonaerstrasse 8, Riga, in the
Empire of Russia, Manufacturers
I, EDMUND EDWARDS, of the Firm of Edwards and Co., Chartered Patent Agents,
and Engineers, of 65 and 66, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby
declare the nature of this invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement, and accompanying drawings, that is to say:-
In the two-stroke-cycle oil engine constructed according to the present invention,
hydrocarbons may be used the density of which exceeds that of gasoline, that is
to say, of a material which is objectionable on account of the danger of fire caused
by it. Furthermore, the two-stroke-cycle oil engine made according to the present
invention does not need water for cooling purposes, and at the same time the dis-
advantageous effect of dust is avoided, and in this manner the improved two-stroke-
cycle oil engine is suitable for being used for the propulsion of carriages and the
like.
All these objects are attained in the following manner. As the hydrocarbons
burn exceedingly slowly they may cause danger of the mixed air and oil being
ignited prematurely. Compressed air is, therefore, used, which is taken from any
suitable receptacle. This air flows round the cylinder and expands at the same
time, so as to cool it. The compressing chamber which is situated in front of the
piston in the well-known manner is also provided with compressed air to be
taken from this receptacle, and by this means the introduction of any dust is
obviated. Furthermore, the air will be passed over from the compressing chamber
situated in front of the piston into the hollow space situated behind the piston
in a gradual manner, that is to say, at first a quantity of air will be introduced
into the hollow space behind the piston, in a pure state in order to expel the residuum
of the previous combustion. Then mixed air and oil will be introduced. In a two-
stroke-cycle oil engine of the improved construction it will be of importanco
that there should be used a feed pump for injecting the oil, working exceedingly
accurately and therefore the two-stroke-cycle engine constructed according to the
present invention is provided with a feed pump for the purpose, the working parts of
which are arranged in a position as little accessible as possible, and there is
inserted into the passage situated between the feed pump and the working cylinder
of the engine a collecting cell in order to prevent the introduction of the oil into
the working cylinder from being compelled to begin at the same time as the
plunger of the oil feed pump begins to feed the oil into this passage. That is to
say, the feeding of the oil into the working cylinder is also effected in a gradual
manner. At first the feed pump will be enabled to fill the collecting cell slowly,
and then its contents are passed into the working cylinder quickly.
Such a two-stroke-cycle oil engine is illustrated in the accompanying drawings, in
which Figure 1 is a vertical section; Figure 2 a horizontal longitudinal section,
VII-VII respectively,
Figures 3 to 7 sections on the lines III-III
Figure 1; Figure 8 a section on the line VIII-VIII, of Figure 7; Figure 9 a

page_text: section on the line IX-IX of Figure 8, whilst in Figure 10, finally, some parts
shown by Figure 8 are illustrated on a larger scale.
In the two-stroke-cycle oil engine, the piston a, Figures 1 and 2, operates in
combination with ports or passages in the working cylinder b, so as to avoid valves,
in the well-known manner. The working cylinder b, is provided with a number of
external annular ribs 14, Figures 1, 2, 5, and it is further provided with two
external longitudinal ribs 15, Figure 5, one of which is fixed to the upper part
and the other to the lower part of the cylinder b. In this way the hollow spaces 19
situated between the annular ribs 14, Figures 1 and 2, and the flanges 20, 21, of
the cylinder b as well as between the shell 22 surrounding these ribs and flanges,
Figures 1, 2, and 5, are divided into two annular parts communicating through
perforations 17 with a chamber 16, Figures 1 and 5, which is in continuous com-
munication with a receptacle containing compressed air, not shown specially in
the drawings. The discharge of the air is effected by the perforations 18 of the
shell 22, Figure 5, these perforations being situated in the proximity of the lower
longitudinal rib 15. The chamber 16 is, furthermore, in continuous communica-
tion with the radial channel c of the working cylinder b. This radial channel c
will be opened as soon as the piston u has reached its position shown by the dotted
lines, Figure 1. In this position the compressing chamber f, Figures 1 and 2,
which contains the connecting rod d and the crank e, is brought into communication
with the compressed air chamber 16, and the air will enter into the space f. In
doing so, the air will come in contact with the front edge of the piston a and the
piston will be thereby cooled. The piston a moving in a forward direction will
effect a compression of the air which has passed into the compressing chamber f.
As soon as the piston a has reached the position shown by dotted lines in Figure 1,
this air will pass from the compressing chamber f into the hollow space behind the
piston through the perforations as in the diaphragm a¹ of the piston a, through
the bell-shaped hollow space n, which is formed by the shell and the bottom a³
of the piston a and by a cylindrical piece m which is inserted into the piston,
Figures 1 and 2, through a radial channel k, and through a radial channel i in
the working cylinder, into a longitudinal channel, and through a radial channel g
in the working cylinder b. In this manner is produced the above-mentioned zig-
zag motion of the air in the interior of the piston a. In entering the hollow
space behind the piston a the air is acted upon by means of a projecting horizontal
shoulder a on the piston a, and in this manner the air is caused to flow through
every part of the hollow space before it finally leaves this hollow space through
the radial channel o, Figure 2.
The piston a, having reached the position shown by full lines in Figure 2, opens
a radial channel in the working cylinder b, this radial channel p being situated
in the proximity of that marked g. Within this radial channel p is arranged
a pipe q which communicates continuously with the above-mentioned collecting
cell z, Figure 7. One extremity of this pipe q is preferably situated as near
as possible to the piston a, so that this pipe will be opened only after the piston
has reached the position shown by full lines in Figure 2, and the oil will be
sucked from the collecting cell by means of the air passing through the radial
channel P and surrounding the pipe q.
0x
The piston a in its backward stroke will close again the channels i, p, g, and
and it will open the channel c, and will effect a compression of the mixed air
and cil, which mixture is ignited in the usual manner, the igniting apparatus
not being shown specially in the drawings. The piston a is now driven forward
and makes its out stroke, and the above-described processes will be repeated.
The filling of the collector cell z with oil is effected in the following manner.
The cell z is in continuous communication with the above-mentioned passage h
through a passage r, Figure 7, and it also communicates with the cavity u,
Figures 7 and 8, by means of a pipe v, between the collecting cell z and the cavity u,
but while the communication between the collecting cell z and this passage vis
continuous, the communication between the passage v and the cavity u is inter-

page_text: rupted during the suction by means of a valve 1. This valve 1 is inserted con-
centrically into an excentric 3, and is pressed down by means of a helical spring 2,
Figure 10. The disc 3 is caused to revolve by means of the shaft 4 which passes
through a stuffing box 5, and on the outwardly projecting extremity of which is
fixed a chain wheel 6, Figures 7 and 8. The endless chain 7 of this wheel 6
also passes over the chain wheel 8 on the main shaft 9, Figure 2. This valve 1
cooperates, furthermore, with the suction passage w which is of angular shape,
Figure 7, and ends in the stud or union joint at z for attaching a receptacle of
any kind containing the oil. The excentric 3 cooperates with the plunger s;
that is to say, this plunger is pressed against the excentric by means of a helical
spring t, Figures 8 and 9, and in this manner is caused a backward and forward
motion of the plunger which draws in oil through the passage w in its out stroke,
and delivers it through the passage by the force of the spring t in its in-stroke,
the excentric valve covering and uncovering these passages at the proper times.
The purpose of the regulating screw 10, Figure 7, which works against an angular
channel 11, is to allow more or less air from without to enter the cavity u.
A moveable stop, actuated by hand or by a governor, may be used to regulate
the length of the in-stroke of the plunger, and vary the quantity of oil delivered.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is:-
1. A two-stroke cycle oil engine, the working cylinder b of which is surrounded
by a series of annular ribs 14 and by a shell 22, Figures 1, 2, and 5, so as to form
hollow spaces 19, Figures 1 and 2, which are in continuous communication with
the chamber 16 containing compressed air, for the purpose of causing the air to
expand in these hollow spaces, this chamber 16 communicating furthermore, by
the radial channel c of the cylinder 6 with the compressing chamber f, when the
piston a is in the position shown in dotted lines in Figure 1, in order to cause the
air to come in contact with the front edge of the piston a, whilst the air passes
over in a pure state from the compressing chamber f in front of the piston into
the hollow space behind the piston a through the perforations a' in the transverse
diaphragm al of the piston a, through a bell-shaped hollow space n Figures 1 and 2,
enclosed by the shell and by the bottom a³ of the piston a as well as by a cylindrical
piece m inserted into the piston, and passing, furthermore, through the radial
channel k of the piston a and through the channels i, h, g, Figure 2, of the
cylinder b, when the piston a is in the position shown by dotted lines in Figure 2,
but as soon as the piston a has reached the position as shown by full lines in
Figure 2, the air will enter also through the passage and will suck the oil
from the cell z, Figures 7 and 8, by means of the pipe 9 reaching from this cell
into the passage, the cell z being filled by means of a feed pump, substantially as
and for the purposes set forth
2. A feed pump for two-stroke-cycle oil engines, the plungers of which is
caused, by means of a helical spring t, Figures 8 and 9, to enter a cavity u and to
touch the cylindrical face of an excentric 3, the valve 1 in which, Figure 10,
held down by a spring, cooperates with the suction channel w, Figure 7, and the
passage v, which is arranged between the cavity u and the cell z, substantially as
and for the purpose set forth.
EDWARDS AND Co.,
65 and 66, Chancery Lane, London, Agents for the Applicant.