IMPROVEMENTS IN PLOUGHS
Year: 1868

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James Robinson, of Heston Farm, Heston, in
the County of Middlesex, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
PLOUGHS."
Sealed the 23rd March 1869, and dated the 28th September 1868..
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James Robinson at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 28th September 1868.
I, JAMES ROBINSON, of Heston Farm, Heston, in the County of
Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN PLOUGHS," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in ploughs. It has
before been proposed to use in connection with a plough a cultivating
tine or grubber following in the trench produced by the share and mould-
board so as to break up the bottom or sole. Great difficulty has however
been experienced in the use of such following tines or grubbers in
connection with ploughs, as when they are connected with the beam of
the plough, so that the draft comes on the beam at a point in rear of the

page_text: body or frame which carries the share and mouldboard, they tend when
in work to raise the after part of the plough, setting the point of the
share down into the land.
According to my Invention I carry the cultivating tine or grubber
between the handles or yokes and immediately behind the body of the
plough. I arrange the tine or grubber so that it can rock between the
yokes, and from it near its lower end I pass a draft chain or rod to the
beam of the plough to a point some distance in front of the body or
frame; by this means I bring the draft of the tine or grubber into such
a direction that it has no tendency to lift the back of the plough or
otherwise to derange the steerage.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said James Robinson in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 27th March 1869.
JAMES
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME,
ROBINSON, of Heston Farm, Heston, in the County of Middlesex, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-eighth day of September, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-eight, in the
thirty-second year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said James Robinson, Her special licence
that I, the said James Robinson, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, or such others as I, the said James Robinson, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no
others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
PLOUGHS, upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said James
Robinson, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing
under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly
describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed

page_text: in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said James Robinson, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement thereof, that is to say :-
This Invention has for its object improvements in ploughs, and
consists in an improved method of employing a cultivating tine or
grubber following in the trench produced by the share and mouldboard
of the plough so as to break up the bottom or sole.
According to my Invention I carry the cultivating tine or grubber
between the handles or yokes and immediately behind the body of the
plough. I arrange the tine or grubber so that it can rock in between the
yokes, and from it near its lower end I pass a draft chain or rod to the
beam of the plough to a point in front of the body or frame.
And in order that my said Invention may be most fully understood
and readily carried into effect I will proceed to describe the Drawings
hereunto annexed.
elevation, and
plan or a
plough having cultivating tines or grubbers combined with it according
to my Invention.
a, a, are the handles or yokes of the plough which carry between them
rollers 6, of which there may be one or more corresponding with the
number of tines or grubbers which it is desired to employ; usually I
prefer to provide two such rollers. These rollers in place of turning in
the handles or yokes may be arranged to turn in bearings. Clamped or
fixed upon the handles or yokes c, c, are sockets capable of sliding upon
the rollers and of being clamped upon them in any desired position by
the set screws c. d, d, are the tines or grubbers; their stems can slide
up or down in the sockets c to adjust the depth below the sole of the
plough to which they shall cultivate or grub. The foot of the tine or
grubber may be formed in one piece with its stem, or the stem may
receive a shoe or moveable foot, as is indicated by the Figures 3. From
the stems of the tines or grubbers draft chains e, e, pass to hooks g, g,
upon the plough beam h; these hooks are carried upon a bolt connecting

page_text: with the beam, the horn projecting at the front of the body or frame i;
but the hooks may be otherwise connected with the beam; the point of
connection of the draft chains or rods should however be well in front
of the main part of the body or frame i. The stems of the tines or
grubbers d have notches formed at their backs, into one or other of which
a long link at the end of each chain e drops; this link encircles the
stem of the tine or grubber. Several notches are provided for the chain
so that its position may be adjusted in accordance with the depth to
which the tine or grubber is set. The length of the draft chain e may be
adjusted so as to bring the tine to its best working position at the hook g,
which will enter any link of the chain. When two tines or grubbers are
used they may be arranged to work one on either side of the centre line
of the implement and to the same depth, as the Drawings indicate, or
they may be both set in the centre line of the implement and so that the
hinder one works to a greater depth than that which is in front of it.
Having thus described the nature of my said Invention, and the
manner of performing the same, I would have it understood that what
I claim is, the combining with ploughs cultivating tines or grubbers,
and the providing each such tine or grubber with a draft chain or rod
passing to the beam of the plough at the front of the body or frame, as
above described.
In witness whereof, I, the said James Robinson, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Twenty-seventh day of March, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-nine.