Improvements in and Tools for the Manufacture of the Metallic Rims of Wheels for Bicycles, Tricycles, and other Velocipedes and Wheel Carriages.
Year: 1893

page_text: Date of Application, 31st July, 1893
Complete Specification Left, 25th Apr., 1894-Accepted, 25th May, 1894
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and Tools for the Manufacture of the Metallic
Rims of Wheels for Bicycles, Tricycles, and other Velocipedes
and Wheel Carriages.
I, CHARLES HENRY PUGH, of Whitworth Works, Rea Street South,
Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Manufacturer, do hereby declare the
nature of this invention to be as follows:-
My invention has reference to metallic rims of wheels for bicycles, tricycles and
other velocipedes and wheel carriages of the kind described in the Specifications of
Letters Patent granted to me dated and numbered respectively June 13th 1891
No. 10,076 and December 5th 1891 No. 21,284.
In order that my improvements may be the better understood I remark that the
rims in question are made of one or two junctionless metallic hoops obtained from
a blank or blanks of sheet iron or steel or other strong and ductile metal or alloy
by a stamping or drawing through process and my invention consists of the
improvements in and additions hereinafter described to the process or combination
of processes for the manufacture of the said rims described in the Specifications
hereinbefore referred to.
I raise by a stamping or drawing through process from a circular metallic disc
a shallow dish in the manner described in the Specification No. 10,076 year 1891
but before cutting away the bottom portion of the dish I introduce it between two
dises one of the said discs being carried by the rotating mandrel of a lathe and the
other being carried by the back spindle of the lathe.
While the shallow dish is being thus rapidly rotated I bring a roller convex on
its acting face against the exterior of the cylindrical portion of the dish the said
cylindrical portion of the dish being supported internally at the part operated upon
by another roller having a concavity corresponding with the convexity of the first
named roller. Both rollers are carried by the slide rest of the lathe.
By the action of the said rollers there is formed a concave groove in the
cylindrical portion of the dish at or about midway between its closed and open
ends. The rollers having been taken off the slide rest two rotary cutters are
substituted therefor by the action of which a cylindrical grooved hoop is cut from
the shallow dish operated upon.
The said grooved hoop is then introduced into a hollow or ring like chuck
carried by the mandril of a lathe the said chuck being composed of two halves
one half being capable of receding from and approaching the other or fixed half
of the chuck. The inner surface of the ring like chuck has a figure in cross
section the counterpart of the trough it is desired to form in the hoop and
when the said chuck is closed upon the hoop to be operated upon its part of
least diameter fits in the groove in the hoop hereinbefore described. The
chuck with the hoop in it being rapidly rotated, a plain roller rounded at its ends,
carried by the slide rest of the lathe is made to operate on the inner face of
the hoop, the axis of the roller being at right angles to the axis of the chuck.
The said roller commences to operate on the ungrooved portion of the hoop
projecting from the chuck and by an advancing motion expands the cylindrical
portion of the hoop and presses it against the inclined face of the chuck. The
action described consists of what is known as the spinning process applied to the
interior of the hoop. The partly formed trough hoop is now withdrawn from the
chuck, turned and re-introduced with its cylindrical end outwards. The said end is
operated on in the manner last described and the trough in the hoop is completed.

page_text: In place of a chuck in two parts a chuck made
mployed.
Or instead of grooving the cylindrical portion of the shallow dish in the manner
escribed the open end of the dish may be expanded by internal spinning so as to
orm one side of the trough of the hoop to be made. A hoop is then cut from the 5
hallow dish having one edge inclined and the other edge cylindrical the cylindrical
edge being turned up, so as to form the other side of the trough in essentially the
same way as that already described.
Or the inclined edge of the hoop may be made by the pressing process by which
the dish is made.
In making rims of one hoop the edges of a troughed hoop made in the manner
described are operated upon by a roller having a semi-circular depression in its
periphery by the action of which the said edges are either turned upon the inner
or outer side of the rim.
10
In making hollow rims of two troughed hoops one is made considerably broader 15
than the other and with an internal diameter slightly less than the other. The
hoop of larger diameter constitutes in the finished hollow rim the trough in which
the tyre is situated and I will hereinafter call the said hoop the tread hoop the
other hoop of smaller diameter but greater width constitutes in the finished hollow
rim that part in which the spokes are fixed and I will hereinafter call it the spoke 2
hoop.
When the tread hoop and spoke hoop are thus made the spoke hoop is inserted
in the tread hoop and in this position they are introduced in a lathe the spoke hoop
being supported in a trough or depression formed at the periphery of the meeting
faces of two discs one carried by the lathe head mandrel and the other by the back
spindle. The tread hoop is brought into its proper position in the trough of the
spoke hoop by operating on one side of the said spoke hoop with a plain roller
similar to the one used for the internal spinning hereinbefore described; the distance
between the edges of the spoke hoop is thereby reduced.
The two hoops having been brought into their proper position with respect to
each other the edges of the spoke hoop are operated on by another roller carried
by the slide rest having a semi-circular depression in its periphery so as to turn the
edges of the spoke hoop over the edges of the tread hoop.
The two hoops having been engaged together are firmly secured by the processes
of soldering or riveting as hereinafter described.
When the edges of the two hoops are to be secured together by soldering I clean
the two hoops by the chemical process commonly called pickling before they are
engaged together and immediately before soldering I again clean the edges of the
hoops by pickling the hoops being placed on a rotating drum over the pickle bath
at such a height that in rotating only those portions of the edges to which it is
desired that the tin or solder shall adhere are treated by the pickle. The edges of
the partially formed hollow rims are by a rotary motion passed through a bath of
melted tin or solder covered with a flux of sal-ammoniac. The edges of the hoops
are thus coated with the tin or solder; the edges of the spoke hoop are turned over
the edges of the tread hoop in the manner bereinbefore describe and the edges of
the hollow rim being again passed through the bath of solder or tin they becom
soldered together.
When I connect the edges of the hoops by riveting 1 place the hollow rim mad
in the manner already described on a drum turving on a vertical axis and give th
said drum an intermittent motion whereby the edge is brought first betwee
piercing tools which make the required holes into which pins for riveting a
dropped by the attendant. By the further motion of the drum the hol
containing the pins are brought between riveting tools by the action of which th
riveting is effected.
1
Luly 1893.
W. T. WHITEMAN,
Agent for the Applicant.

page_text: Improvements in and Tools for the Manufacture of the Metallic
Rims of Wheels for Bicycles, Tricycles, and other Velocipedes
and Wheel Carriages.
I CHARLES HENRY PUGH, of Whitworth Works, Rea Street South,
Birmingham in the County of Warwick, Manufacturer do hereby declare the
nature of my invention and in what manner the same is to be performed to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
My invention has reference to metallic rims of wheels for bicycles, tricycles
and other velocipedes and wheel carriages of the kind described in the
Specifications of Letters Patent granted to me dated and numbered respectively ;-
June 13th 1891 No. 10076 and December 5th 1891 No. 21284.
In order that my improvements may be the better understood I remark that the
rinis in question are made of one or two junctionless metallic boops obtained from
a blank or blanks of sheet iron or steel or other strong and ductile metal or alloy
by a stamping or drawing through process; and my invention consists of the
improvements in and additions hereinafter described to the process or combination
of processes for the manufacture of the said rims described in the Specifications
hereinbefore referred to.
I raise by a stamping or drawing through process from a circular metallic
disc, a shallow dish in the manner described in the Specification No. 10076
year 1891 but before cutting away the bottom portion of the dish I introduce
it between two discs one of the said discs being carried by the rotating mandrel
of a lathe and the other being carried by the back spindle of the lathe.
While the shallow dish is being thus rapidly rotated I bring a roller convex on
its acting face against the exterior of the cylindrical portion of the dish, the
said cylindrical portion of the dish being supported internally at the part
operated upon by another roller having a concavity corresponding with the
convexity of the first named roller. Both rollers are carried by the slide rest of
the lathe. By the action of the said rollers there is formed a concave groove
in the cylindrical portion of the dish at or about midway between its closed and
open ends. The rollers having been taken off the slide rest, two rotary cutters
are substituted therefor by the action of which a cylindrical grooved hoop is
cut from the shallow dish operated upon. The said grooved hoop is then
introduced into a hollow or ring like chuck carried by the mandril of a lathe the
said chuck being composed of two halves capable of receding from and approaching
each other. The inner surface of the ring like chuck has a figure in cross
section the counterpart of the trough it is desired to form in the hoop and
when the said chuck is closed upon the hoop to be operated upon its part of
least diameter fits in the groove in the hoop hereinbefore described. The chuck with
the hoop in it being rapidly rotated a plain roller rounded at its ends, carried
by the slide rest of the lathe, is made to operate on the inner face of the hoop,
the axis of the roller being at right angles to the axis of the chuck. The said
roller commences to operate on the ungrooved portion of the hoop projecting from
the chuck and by an advancing motion expands the cylindrical portion of the hoop
and presses it against the inclined face of the chuck. The action described consists
of what is known as the spinning process applied to the interior of the hoop. The
partly formed trough hoop is now withdrawn from the chuck, turned and reintroduced
with its cylindrical end outwards. The said end is operated on in the manner last
described and the trough in the hoop is completed. In place of a chuck in two
parts, a chuck made in three or more parts may be employed.
Or instead of grooving the cylindrical portion of the shallow dish in the manner
described the open end of the dish may be expanded by internal spinning so as to

page_text: form one side of the trough of the hoop to be made. A hoop is then cut from
shallow dish having one edge inclined and the other edge cylindrical; the cylindrical
edge being turned up so as to form the other side of the trough in essentially the
same way as that already described. Or the inclined edge of the hoop may be
made by the pressing process by which the dish is made.
In making rims of one hoop, the edges of a troughed hoop made in the manner
described are operated upon by a roller having a semi-circular depression in its
periphery by the action of which the said edges are either turned upon the inner
or outer side of the rim.
5
In making hollow rims of two troughed hoops one is made considerably broader 1
than the other and with an internal diameter slightly less than the other. The hoop of
larger diameter constitutes in the finished hollow rim the trough in which the tyre
is situated and I will hereinafter call the said hoop the tread hoop; the other hoop
of smaller diameter but of greater width constitutes in the finished hollow rim that
part in which the spokes are fixed and I will hereinafter call it the spoke hoop.
When the tread hoop and spoke hoop are thus made the spoke hoop is inserted
in the tread hoop and in this position they are introduced into a lathe the spoke
hoop being supported in a trough or depression formed at the periphery of the
meeting faces of two dises, one carried by the lathe head mandrel and the other
by the back spindle. The tread hoop is brought into its proper position in the
trough of the spoke hoop by operating on one side of the said spoke hoop with a
plain roller similar to the one used for the internal spinning hereinbefore described;
the distance between the edges of the spoke hoop is thereby reduced.
The two hoops having been brought into their proper position with respect to
each other the edges of the spoke hoop are operated on by another roller carried
by the slide rest having a semi-circular depression in its periphery so as to turn
the edges of the spoke hoop over the edges of the tread hoop.
I will first describe the process or combination of processes constituting part of
my invention, by which processes junctionless or unbrazed metallic rims of wheels
for bicycles tricycles and other velocipedes and wheel carriages are produced and
afterwards I will describe the tools used in the said process or combination of
processes.
Figure 1 of the accompanying drawings represents in vertical section a shallow
dish obtained by a pressing or drawing through operation from a circular disc of
thin sheet steel or other hard and ductile metal or alloy from which dish I produce
in the manner bereinbefore described a solid junctionless or unbrazed rim or one o
the junctionless or unbrazed hoops employed in making hollow or tubular rims.
The bottom of the said dish Figure 1 is introduced between and gripped by tw
discs one of the said discs being keyed to the mandrel of a lathe and the other dis
being carried by the back spindle of the lathe. On the rapid rotation of th
mandrel of the lathe a rapid rotary motion is given to the shallow dish Figure
and while the dish is being thus rapidly rotated a pair of rollers is brought by th
slide rest of the lathe so as to operate on the cylindrical portion of the said dish, o
of the said rollers supporting the cylindrical portion of the dish internally while t
other operates on the exterior of the cylindrical portion of the dish. The intern
roller has a concave groove in its acting surface and the external roller has
convex periphery the counterpart of the concave groove in the internal roller: 1
the action of the said rollers a concave groove is formed in the cylindrical porti
of the dish nearly midway between its closed and open ends as represented
Figure 2.
The pair of operating rollers herein before described having been detached fr
the slide rest a pair of cutting discs is substituted therefor. These cutting di
are made to operate on the cylindrical portion of the dish near the bottom ther
and by their action a grooved hoop of the kind represented in Figure 3 is cut fr
the said dish.
The grooved hoop Figure 3 is introduced into a ring like chuck and b
spinning operation one of the cylindrical portions is expanded so as to form

page_text: side of the trough of the solid rim or hoop to be produced as represented in
Figure 4. By a similar internal spinning operation on the other cylindrical portion
of the grooved hoop the other side of the trough of the solid rim or hoop to be
produced is formed as represented in Figure 5.
When it is desired to form a solid junctionless or unbrazed rim from the hoop
Figure 5 the edges are folded upon one another or are beaded in the manner
described and represented in the Specification of my former Patent No. 10076
year 1891.
When making hollow or tubular junctionless or unbrazed rims I take two hoops
of the kind represented in Figure 5 one being considerably broader than the other
and with an internal diameter slightly less than the other. The hoop of larger
diameter constitutes in the finished hollow rim the trough in which the tyre is
situated and is hereinafter referred to as the tread hoop; the other hoop of smaller
diameter but greater width constitutes in the finished hollow rim that part in
which the spokes are fixed and is hereinafter referred to as the spoke hoop.
The spoke hoop is inserted in the tread hoop and in this position they are
introduced into a lathe, the spoke hoop being supported in a trough or groove at
the periphery of the meeting faces of two discs, one carried by the mandrel and the
other by the back spindle of the lathe. The tread hoop is brought into its proper
position in the trough of the spoke hoop by operating on one or both sides of the
said spoke hoop with a spinning roller so as to bring the said sides of the spoke
hoop nearer together. The two hoops having been brought into their proper
relative positions in the manner described the edges of the spoke hoop are by a
spinning operation turned over the edges of the tread boop and the two hoops
are thereby engaged together.
Or instead of proceeding in the way hereinbefore described to obtain the
junctionless or unbrazed solid rim or hoop represented in Figure 5, the process or
combination of processes may be modified in the manner represented in
Figures 6, 7, 8, 9 and 10; that is to say, I produce by the stamping or drawing
through process the flanged dish represented in section in Figure 6 and after
trimming the edges of the flange so as to make it truly circular I turn back the
said flange by spinning to the angle desired as represented in Figure 7. I next
cut out the bottom of the dish as represented in Figure 8 and then form the bottom
of the trough by internal rolling as represented in Figure 9. I then expand the
cylindrical portion of the hoop Figure 9 by internal spinning so as to form the
other side of the trough as represented in Figure 10.
The stage represented by Figure 6 may be omitted the flanged dish Figure 7
being produced by the stamping process. The hoops Figures 5 and 10 are hardened
or have rigidity given to them by external spinning as hereinafter described.
When hoops of the kind represented in Figures 5 and 10 are used in combination
with tread boops so as to form hollow rims, the said spoke hoops Figures 5 and 10
have their edges separated to a greater extent than in the finished rims for the
purpose of facilitating the introduction of the spoke hoop into the tread hoop.
When the tread hoop is to have an angular figure in cross section as represented
in the partly made hollow or tubular rim Figure 15 and in the finished rim
Figure 16, instead of a concave figure in cross section, I form by stamping the
Hanged dish Figure 11, and after trimming the edge of the flange I incline the
flange outwards by spinning as represented in Figure 12. I then cut out the bottom
of the dish as represented in Figure 13; and by internal rolling I give to the
Hanged hoop the figure which it is to have in the finished rim as represented in
Figure 14.
Figure 15 represents in cross section the tread hoop in its proper position in the
trough of the spoke hoop before the edges of the said spoke hoop are turned over
the edges of the tread hoop and Figure 16 represents in cross section the finished
hollow or tubular rim
Instead of the spoke hoop being of much greater width than the tread hoop as
hereinbefore described the said tread hoop may be made of greater width than

page_text: the spoke hoop the edges of the tread hoop in this case being turned over the
edges of the spoke hoop.
1 will now proceed to describe the tools by which the process or combination of
processes hereinbefore described are carried into effect and in order to facilitate
description I will describe the tools for forming the spoke hoop Figure 10 only as 5
they are essentially the same as the tools employed for forming the spoke hoop
Figure 5 and tread hoop Figure 14.
Figures 17 and 18 represent respectively in front elevation and plan a portion of
the headstock of a lathe to which tools constituting part of my invention are
applied and Figure 18 represents in vertical section and end elevation a portion 10
of the same drawn to a larger scale. The mandrel a has keyed to it the disc,
and the back spindle a² of the lathe carries loosely the disc. The disc b, is
made up of the circular plate or disc h, of a diameter less than the diameter of
the smallest rim or hoop it is desired to make, and the ring & secured to the said.
plate by screw pins 3 (see Figure 18. By this method of building up the 1
disc, the necessary change in the disc, which is required when making rims
of various figures in cross section as well as in making rims of various sizes, is
effected by changing the ring only the plate b remaining permanently keyed to
the mandrel a. The back spindle a² and disc are capable of being moved
through the handle e to and from the disc b, and when in the closed position of 2
being fixed in that position by turning down the handle e behind the stop d as
represented in Figures 17 and 18. The back spindle a² and disc 2 are shewn in
their open position in dotted lines in Figure 18. At the back of the lathe and
fixed on the bed so as to be capable of a sliding motion thereon is a dovetail
slide e carrying a pair of cutting discs. The slide e is brought up to and is
pushed back from its work by the handle y and lever the said lever turning on a
centre i on the fixed bed and having a slot engaging with a pin on the slide as
represented. The forward and backward motion of the slide is limited by the
stop arm k and nuts 1, m adjustable on the screw carried by the slide. In Figure 19
I have represented in end elevation a portion of the disc b, with the slide e in its
back or non-acting position in dotted lines. Figure 20 represents a portion of the
two discs b, band 2 drawn to a large scale with the flanged dish Figure 6 in
section between them.
When the disc is in its open position as represented in dotted lines in Figure 18
and the slide is in its back position represented in dotted lines in Figure 19 I place
a flanged dish of the kiud represented in Figure 6 on the disc b, b. The disc
is then closed upon the dish which is thereby gripped between the two discs b, b
and 2. The spindle a being set in motion the dish is rapidly rotated. The cutting
discs, are brought up to their work in the way herein before described and the
flange of the dish is thereby trimmed and any irregularity in the circular figure of
the Hange removed. On the completion of one rotation the slide and cutting discs
are pushed out of action, the band is thrown onto the loose overhead pulley, the
disc is opened or separated from the disc b, by raising and pulling back the
handle e and the trimmed dish is removed, the parts of the lathe being in position
to receive another dish for trimming.
The trimmed dish is then introduced between another pair of discs in a lathe
the one on which the dish is supported having the figure in cross section represented
in Figure 21. When the dish is being rapidly rotated with the discs b, ba
spinning roller n carried by the slide rest of the lathe is brought forward into the
position represented in Figure 21. By gradually withdrawing the roller and a
the same time moving the roller in the direction of the arrow the flange may be
spun back from the position represented in dotted lines into the position represente
in full lines.
The flanged dish Figure 7 from the tools Figure 21 is then introduced betwee
a pair of holding disce, and while being rapidly rotated a pair of cuttin
discs p, p Figure 22 carried by the slide rest of a lathe is brought into the positio
represented and thereby cut the flanged hoop Figure 8 from the dish. On th

page_text: withdrawal of the cutting dises p, p' and the moving of the holding disc into its
open or separated position the cut out bottom of the dish is removed from between
the holding dises and the said dises are ready to receive another flanged dish to be
operated upon.
The longitudinal slide 7 and supplementary cross slider are carried by the main
cross slide of the lathe not represented, so that the cutters may have motions
given to them independent of that given to them by the main cross slide.
The flanged hoop Figure 8 obtained from the last named tools is introduced into
a ring like chuck of the kind represented in elevation in Figure 23; plan in
Figure 24; and vertical section in Figure 25. Figures 26 and 27 represent
portions of the same drawn to a larger scale as hereinafter described.
The said chuck consists of a disc A carrying two screws s, s the axes of which
are in line and cross the said dise as a diameter; the inner ends of the screws 8,
have bevil pinions 83, which gear with a bevil wheels turning on a spindle in
the axis of the disc A.
the
The middle of the bevil wheel has a square boss on which a key (shown in
dotted lines in Figure 25) takes, and by which it can be turned. Taking in dove-
tailed grooves in the said disc A. are two slides u, u, screw boxes in which take ou
the screws s, s². To the slides u, the divided ring or chuck proper r, is
bolted. When the screws 8, s are rotated by the turning of the handle
slides u2 and the parts of the divided ring e, are separated as represented in
dotted lines in the portion of the divided ring detached in Figure 26. In this
position the flanged hoop Figure 8 is introduced into the chuck with its cylindrical
end inwards and the chuck is closed upon the said hoop, the divided ring », »²
gripping the said hoop with such tightness that the said hoop rotates with the
chuck. While being thus rapidly rotated in the chuck, the handle having been
removed, a roller w is made to operate on the interior of the said hoop so as to form
between itself and the rotating chuck, the bottom of the trough to be produced
in the said hoop as seen in Figure 27. The chuck is opened and the hoop with-
drawn therefrom and reintroduced with its cylindrical end outwards. In this
position its cylindrical portion is operated on by a roller represented in Figure 28
carried by the slide rest of the lathe, so as to expand the cylindrical end and make
it take the figure in cross section of the ring like chuck ,.2
U
In order to give the
said troughed hoop increased rigidity the said hoop Figure 10 is introduced into
the groove or depression formed by the meeting of the two discs B B and while
being rapidly rotated by means of these discs is operated on by means of the roller
represented in Figure 29. By this process the metal of the hoop is planished and
is better fitted for the subsequent operations to convert it into a finished solid rim
or to be operated upon in conjunction with another hoop for making a hollow or
tubular rim.
When making tread hoops the said hoops are finished by the internal rolling
described with reference to Figure 27 the roller and divided ring of the chuck being
changed for a roller and ring of the required figure as represented in Figure 30.
In making a hollow or tubular rim the spoke hoop is passed into the tread hoop
and in this position they are supported on a pair of discs of the kind represented
in Figure 29 excepting that the discs are of much smaller diameter at their outer
ends, the edges of the spoke hoop projecting from the said discs. In this position
one of the sides of the spoke hoop is operated on by a roller of the kind represented
in Figure 28 so as to press the edges of the spoke hoop nearer together and bring
the tread hoop into its proper relative position in the trough of the spoke hoop
prior to the turning of the edges of the spoke hoop over the edges of the tread
hoop. The edges of the spoke hoop are turned over the edges of the tread hoop
by spinning, the spinning roller employed having preferably a semi-circular
depression in its acting face.
The two hoops are firmly secured by the processes of soldering or riveting as
hereinafter described.
When the edges of the two hoops are to be secured together by soldering I clean

page_text: the two hoops by the chemical process commonly called pickling before they are
engaged together. The cleaned boops are placed on a rotating drum, over a bath
of melted tin or solder covered with a flux, at such a height that in rotating only
those portions of the edges to be tinned pass into the bath of tin or solder. The
The spoke hoop is 5
edges of the hoops are thus coated with tiu or solder.
introduced into the tread hoop and the said hoops having been brought into their
proper relative positions as hereinbefore described the engaged hoops are again
soldered the edges of the spoke hoop are turned over the edges of the tread hoop
in the manner herein before described and the edges of the hollow rim being again
passed through the bath of solder or tin they become soldered together.
The tool or appliance by which the soldering is effected is represented in front
elevation partly in section in Figure 31; side elevation partly in section in
Figure 32 and plan in Figure 33: Figures 34 and 35 represent portious of the
same drawn to a larger scale as hereinafter described.
The said tool or appliance consists essentially of a lever D D turning on the
driven shaft D³ and carrying at about midway between its front or handle end D
and the driven shaft. D3 on which it is fulcrumed, a cross shaft E. Ou the said
cross shaft E a worm wheel F and drum G are keyed, the said drum G carrying
the supporting ring H for the boops or rims. The said cross shaft E also carries a
small grooved pulley I for the purpose hereinafter described. The said cross
shaft E is operated through the worm F on the shaft E3 gearing with the worm
wheel F the said shaft E³ being driven by the worm wheel E gearing with the
worm E on the driven shaft D³. The worm shaft E³ turns in the tubular rear
half D² of the lever D D. The worm wheel E' is capable of a sliding motion
on the shaft E for the purpose of throwing the said worm wheel E' into and out
of gear with the worm E and is operated by means of the rod and lever J², a
pin on which takes into a neck in a collar on the rear side of the said worm
wheel E, see Figure 33. The combined drum G and ring H are situated over a
bath K of melted tin or solder and is capable of being raised from and lowered to
the said bath K by means of the hand lever D D³. On the underside of the lever
is a guide box L working on the jointed upright L2 by means of which the drum G
is preserved in the same vertical plane during its rising and falling motion. A
screw L³ working in the guide box L fixes the lever in its raised or lowered
position. A grooved pulley 12 carrying a pointer I³ is carried by the handle_end
of the said lever D D², the said grooved pulley being geared through the cord or
When it is wished
band represented to the grooved pulley I on the cross shaft E.
to place a hoop, or a rim, on the ring H of the drum the worm wheel E' is thrown
out of gear with the worm E' and the drum G is raised by lifting the handle end
of the lever D, D², the hoop or rim is placed on the ring H and the retaining
blocks H³, H3, H³ are moved into and bolted in the positions represented in
Figures 31 and 32. The drum G is then lowered until the hoop or rim dips into
the tin or solder in the bath K to the desired extent when the handle end of the
lever is fixed by turning the serew L³. The drum is then rotated by putting the
worm wheel E' into gear with the worm E' by means of the rod J aud lever J.
When the boop or rim has completed one rotation the pointer 13 will have made
half a rotation as the diameter of the grooved pulley 12 is to the diameter of the
grooved pulley I as 2 is to 1. When the pointer has made half a rotation it comes
against a stop P on the handle D. The drum G is now raised and one of the
retaining blocks H³ having been pressed back the tinned or soldered hoop or rim is
removed.
In soldering spoke hoops and rims the ring H and retaining blocks H³ have the
figure represented in the enlarged view Figure 34 and in soldering tread hoops
having an angular figure the said ring H and retaining blocks H³ have the figure
represented in Figure 35.
When I connect the edges of the hoops by riveting I place the hollow rim made
in the manner already described on or concentric with a drum turning on a vertical
axis and give the said drum an intermittent motion whereby the edge of the rim is
1

page_text: I brought first between piercing tools which make the required holes into which pins
for riveting are dropped by the attendant. By the further motion of the drum the
holes containing the pins are brought between riveting tools by the action of which
the riveting is effected.
Or the piercing and riveting may be effected in independent machines.
Figures 36 and 37 represent respectively in side elevation and plan, the former
partly in vertical section, a piercing machine for making the rivet holes in the
engaged edges of hollow rins made in the manner hereinbefore described and
Figure 38 represents the piercing tool of the machine drawn to a larger scale.
1 is the drum around which the hollow rim 2 is concentrically arranged and 3 is
the vertical axis on which the said drum is keyed. The drum 1 carries the
arm the outer end of which takes into a hole in the hollow rim 2. The rim 2 is
preserved concentric with the drum by the guides 5, 5; vertical rollers 6, 6 and
horizontal rollers 7, 7. The horizontal rollers 7, 7, bear against the edge of the
rim under operation and turn on vertical pins projecting from the table or bed of
the machine. The vertical rollers 6, 6 are pressed against the inner side of the said
rim by the springs 8, 8 and turn on horizontal pins carried by sleeves 9 situated on
the vertical pins of the horizontal rollers. The rim is kept in its horizontal
position by the turn buttons 10, 10.
In putting a rim in the machine the arm 4 is first brought into its withdrawn
position and when the rim has been arranged concentric with the drum and the
turn buttons 10 have been turned over the rim the pointed outer end of the armn +
is introduced into the hole in the rim. An intermittent motion is given to
the drum 1 and through it to the rim 2 to be pierced in the following manner.
On the drum axis 3 and underneath the table of the machine is a ratchet
wheel 11 with the teeth of which the arm or jointed pawl 12 for driving the said
ratchet wheel engages. The pawl 12 has its forward motion given to it by the
cam 13 on the driving shaft 14 of the machine and its return motion by the
spring 13. The piercing tool 15 is carried by the inclined slide 16 which slide is
operated by the lever 17. The rear end of the lever has an adjustable depending
arm 18 a bearing block on the bottom of which rests on a cam 19 on the driving
shaft 14. The rear end of the lever 17 is also connected to the table of the
machine by the spring 20.
The driving shaft 14 is thrown out of gear with the driving pulley 21 by the
action of the clutch lever 22 as hereinafter described. The front end of the clutch
lever 22 bears on the periphery of the drum 1 during the whole of its rotation and
then engages with a depression 23 in the periphery of the said drum and arrests its
rotation, the engagement of the front end of the said lever 22 simultaneously
causing its rear arm to throw the machine out of gear.
The drum turns in the direction of the arrow in Figure 37 and when the
machine is to be put into operation the said drum is arranged with its depression 23
in the dotted position represented in Figure 37 the end of the clutch lever 22 being
held out of engagement therewith until the machine has started by the attendant
pressing inwards the handle 22. The cams 13 and 19 are so arranged that
immediately the cam 13 has advanced the ratchet wheel 11 through a distance
equal to the length of a tooth, the cam 19 acting through the arm 18 and lever 17
causes the descent of the piercing tool 15 and a hole is thereby made in the lower
engaged parts of the rim."
When one edge of the rim 2 has been completely pierced the depression 23
coming into the dotted position represented in Figure 37 the machine is
automatically stopped as hereinbefore described and the rim is inverted so that
the edge which was the upper edge is now the lower edge and the operations
described are repeated so as to pierce the last named edge. Should it be desired
for any cause to stop the machine before the complete piercing of one edge of the
rim, the clutch lever 22 may be operated so as to throw the machine out of gear by
the attendant pressing inwards the handle 22 the clutch lever 22 in this case
B

page_text: :
turning on its front end as a fulcrum the slot at the joint permitting of the outward
motion of the said lever at the said joint.
Figures 39 and 40 represent in elevation and plan respectively the heading or
riveting machine, and Figure 41 represents a portion of the same drawn to a larger
scale. The pierced rims from the last described machine having had rivets pressed"
into their holes are brought and held by hand under the operation of the punch 24
fixed to the front end of the lever 25. The said punch lever 25 turns on the
centre 25 and is operated by the toothed wiper 26 on the drum shaft 27, the rear
short arm of the punch lever 25 being pressed upwards for effecting the descent and
blow of the punch by the strong coiled spring 28.
When it is desired to stop the machine the nearly vertical arm of the crank
lever 29 is allowed to pass under the front end of the lever 25 when in its raised
position so as to take the said punch lever 25 out of the action of the wiper 26.
The said crank lever is kept, during the operation of the machine, from engaging
under the said lever by the foot of the attendant pressing down a treadle connected
to the rod 30.
Although I have described the said piercing and punching or riveting machines
as independent machines I wish it to be understood that they may be combined in
the same machine, that is, the punching tool 24 may be arranged to act in the path
of the intermittent rim carried by the drum 1 rivets being introduced into the
pierced holes in the said rim prior to the pierced holes reaching the said punch.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my inven-
tion and the manner in which the same is to be performed I declare that I
claim as my invention of "Improvements in and Tools for the Manufacture of the
Metallic Rims of Wheels for Bicycles, Tricycles and other Velocipedes and
Wheel Carriages " ;-
First. Making junctionless or unbrazed solid metallic rims or trough hoops for
the manufacture of junctionless or unbrazed hollow or tubular rims by the process
or combination of processes herein before described with reference to Figures 1, 2,
3, 4 and 5 of the accompanying drawings; that is to say, forming from a circular
metallic disc, a shallow dish aud by a rolling operation grooving the cylindrical
side of the said dish and then by a cutting operation obtaining from the said
grooved dish a grooved cylindrical hoop and finally turning or pressing outwards
or expanding the cylindrical portions of the grooved hoop so as to form the sides
of the trough of the rim or hoop substantially as described and illustrated.
Secondly. Making junctionless or unbrazed solid metallic rims or trough hoops
for the manufacture of junctionless or unbrazed hollow or tubular rims by the
process or combination of processes hereinbefore described with reference to
Figures 6, 7, 8, 9 and 10 of the accompanying drawings; that is to say, forming
from a circular metallic dise a flanged shallow dish, trimming the flauge of the
dish so as to make the same circular, then spinning back the said flange to its
proper inclination, if not stamped to that inclination, so as to form one side of the
rim or hoop, cutting out the bottom of the dish and forming in the hoop thus
made, by internal rolling the bottom of the trough of the hoop and by subsequent
spinning and rolling operatious forming the other or second side of the rim or
hoop substantially as described and illustrated.
Thirdly. Making junctionless or unbrazed hollow or tubular rims from two
trough shaped hoops, made by either of the processes claimed in the prior claims,
or making one hoop by either of the said processes and the other by the process or
combination of processes described with reference to Figures 11, 12, 13 and 14 of
the accompanying drawings: by introducing one of the said hoops into the other
and spinning the edges of one of the engaged hoops upon the edges of the other
hoop substantially as herein before described and illustrated.
Fourthly. The use or combination in a lathe of dish bolding discs of the con-
struction described and illustrated and the cutting or trimming discs herein before

page_text: described and illustrated in Figures 17, 18, 18, 19, and 20 of the accompanying
drawings for trimming the edges of the flanged dishes used in the manufacture of
junctionless or unbrazed rims or hoops.
Fifthly. The use or combination in a lathe of the dish holding dises and spinning
roller hereinbefore described and illustrated in Figure 21 of the accompanying
drawings for forming one of the sides of the junctionless, or unbrazed rims or hoops
being made.
Sixthly. The use or combination in a lathe of the holding discs and cutters.
hereinbefore described and illustrated in Figure 22 of the accompanying drawings
for cutting out the bottom of the flanged dish in the manufacture of junctionless or
unbrazed rims or hoops.
Seventhly. The combination of parts constituting the opening and closing ring
like chuck herein before described and illustrated in Figures 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28
and 30 of the accompanying drawings for internally spinning and internally rolling
hoops in the manufacture of junctionless or unbrazed rims or hoops.
Eighthly. The use or combination in a lathe of the hoop holding or supporting
discs and planishing roller hereinbefore described and illustrated in Figure 29 of
the accompanying drawings for planishing or hardening the trough shaped rims or
hoops.
Ninthly. The combination of parts constituting the soldering tool or machine
hereinbefore described and illustrated in Figures 31, 32, 33, 34 and 35 of the
accompanying drawings for soldering or tinning the edges of the hollow or tubular
junctionless or unbrazed rims.
Tenthly. The combination of parts constituting the rim piercing tool or machine
hereinbefore described and illustrated in Figures 36, 37 and 38 of the accompanying
drawings for making the rivet holes in the engaged edges of the hoops of hollow
or tubular junctionless or unbrazed rims.
Lastly. The combination of parts constituting the rivet heading or punching tool
or machine hereinbefore described and illustrated in Figures 39, 40 and 41 of the
accompanying drawings for riveting the engaged edges of the hoops of hollow or
tubular junctionless or unbrazed rims.
Dated the Twentieth day of April 1894.