Improvements in or relating to 'Mixing and Kneading Machines.
Year: 1890

page_text: Date of Application, 11th Aug., 1890
Complete Specification Left, 11th May, 1891-Accepted, 25th July, 1891
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in or relating to 'Mixing and Kneading Machines.
I, CARLO SACCO, of Corso Paganini 77 Genoa, in the Kingdom of Italy,
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
This invention relates to a machine the main object of which is to prepare and
knead dough for the purpose of making bread though it is also applicable to the
manufacture of other products of a kindred nature. With this object in view the
machine is adapted effectively and economically to perform all the operations
involved in the different stages of the preparation of dough, such as the mixing of
the flour with water, the admixture of yeast, aëration, etc.
The machine consists of a kneading trough or tank open at the top and of semi-
cylindrical shape at the bottom. This tank or trough contains two helical mixers
or kneaders having a common axis and extending throughout its length. The
innermost of these helices is formed of a helical blade or plate integral with the
shaft, while the external one is of triangular section, and is supported at both its
ends by two radial arms one of which terminates in a collar capable of turning with
slight friction upon the shaft of the inner helix; while the other radial portion or
arm is connected with a hollow or tubular shaft or sleeve passed on the said shaft
of the inner helix. When turned, the external helix moves in close proximity of
the cylindrical portion of the tank or trough and also of the other helix. Both
helices are bent in the same direction, but turn in opposite directions and through
their action the material contained in the trough is thoroughly mixed-kneaded,
raised and aërated.
The following is a detailed description of the machine as constructed for ordinary
purposes and adapted to be operated by motive power through the medium of a belt
or equivalent.
The kneading trough or tank is supported on a frame by means of two annular
These
projections surrounding the end of the upper bearings of the frame.
projections and bearings constitute trunnions upon which the trough or tank is
adapted to oscillate and consequently the said trough may be inclined to either side.
A lever operated by hand and pivotted to the frame is provided with a tooth
adapted to engage the spaces between a series of projections or stops formed upon
one of the heads or ends of the tank or trough. The latter may thus be locked
in different positions, as required, it remaining vertical during the kneading
operation.
The nave or boss of the inner helix is secured to the main shaft which is
supported by the before mentioned upper bearings of the frame and the external
helix, formed of a triangular bar and curved spirally has one end turned up radially
so that it may by means of the collar have à firm support upon the main shaft
whercon it is loose and turns freely. The other end of the outer helix is also
radially bent and is firmly secured to the bollow shaft or sleeve which is capable of
rotating freely around the main shaft. Both the helices are curved in the same
direction, though their pitch is not alike, the internal helix gradually having about
one and a half convolutions in the length of the machine, whereas the other has
scarcely one convolution within the same space. The internal radius of the outer
helix is but a trifle larger than the external radius of the inner helix and its
external radius is but a little less than the radius of the cylindrical portion of the
trough or tank.
The framing consists of two trestles or side frames connected by tie rods and
terminating at the top in bearings the former of which is adapted to receive the
extremity of the before mentioned main shaft and the other the sleeve or tubular

page_text: shaft. The arrangement preferably employed for turning the two helices in
opposite directions and also to enable the direction of motion to be reversed in case
of need while the machine is in operation may be described as follows;—
Upon the main shaft and the sleeve or tubular shaft are secured two gear wheels
one on each shaft and both of equal diameter and pitch, the space between them
being slightly wider than the width of each. One of these wheels gears with the
external half of a double pinion secured to a counter-shaft which is supported in a
bearing provided in the frame and which shaft at its other end carries another and
larger toothed wheel. The inner half of the said double pinion gears with the
external half of another double pinion loosely mounted on a shaft provided upon the
frame. The other or internal half of this last mentioned double pinion gears in its
turn in the before mentioned wheel secured on the main shaft. The two wheels on
the main and tubular shafts by this gearing turn in opposite directions. The
driving or pulley shaft which is supported by the framing of the machine and
extends longitudinally beneath and from end to end of the mixing trough is
provided with a pinion for transmitting motion to the before described gearing and
carries at one end three pulleys of which the intermediate one is rigidly secured to
the shaft and the other two are loose thereon. The usual two belts or straps one
straight and the other crossed may be used for driving the machine in contrary
directions. It will be understood that the gear wheels and pinions may be changed
to suit the speeds at which it is desired to operate the helices in relation to each
other and in relation to the speed of the driving belts. Where transmission of
power by means of driving belts is impracticable or undesirable the before
mentioned pulleys are omitted and other means are applied.
The machine may be constructed to be driven by hand, steam or other power
and is susceptible of many changes all within the scope of this invention.
Dated this 11th day of August. 1890
W. P. THOMPSON & BOULT,
Agents for the Applicant.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in or relating to Mixing and Kneading Machines.
I, CARLO SACCOo of Corso Paganini 774, Genoa, in the Kingdom of Italy,
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner
the same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement :--
This invention relates to a machine the main object of which is to prepare and
knead dough for the purpose of making bread though it is also applicable to the
manufacture of other products of a kindred nature. With this object in view the
machine is adapted effectively and economically to perform all the operations
involved in the different stages of the preparation of dough, such as the mixing of
the flour with water, the admixture of yeast, auration &c.
The machine consists of a kneading trough or tank open at the top and of semi-
cylindrical shape at the bottom. This tank or trough contains two helical mixers
or kneaders having a common axis and extending throughout its length. The
innermost of these helices is formed of a helical blade or plate integral with the
shaft, while the external one is of triangular section, and is supported at both its
ends by two radial arms one of which terminates in a collar capable of turning
with slight friction upon the shaft of the inner helix; while the other radial
portion or arm is connected with a hollow or tubular shaft or sleeve passed on the
Said shaft of the inner helix. When turned the external helix moves in close
proximity to the cylindrical portion of the tank or trough and also of the other
helix. Both helices are bent in the same direction, but turn in opposite directions
and through their action the material contained in the trough is thoroughly mixed
kneaded, raised and aërated.

page_text: The following is a detailed description of the machine as constructed for ordinary
purposes and adapted to be operated by motive power through the medium of a
belt or equivalent.
In the accompanying drawing
Figure 1 is a longitudinal section of the machine and
Figures 2 and 3 are elevations thereof seen from either end. The same letters
of reference designate corresponding parts in all the figures.
A is the kneading trough or tank supported on a frame B by means of two
annular projections a surrounding the end of the upper bearings of the frame.
These projections and bearings constitute trunnions upon which the trough or
tank A is adapted to oscillate and consequently the said trough may be inclined to
either side as indicated in dotted lines Figures 2 and 3. An arm C operated by
hand and pivotted to the frame is provided with a tooth c adapted to engage the
spaces between a series of projections or stops formed upon one of the heads or
ends of the tank or trough. The latter may thus be locked in different positions,
as required, it remaining vertical during the kneading operation.
The nave or boss d of the inner helix D is secured to the main shaft d' which is
supported by the before mentioned upper bearings of the frame B and the external
helix formed of a triangular bar and curved spirally as shown at the left hand side
of Figure 1 has one end turned up radially so that it may by means of the collar or
bosse have a firm support upon the main shaft whereon it is loose and turns
freely. The other end of the outer helix is also radially bent and is firmly secured
to the hollow shaft or sleeve e¹ which is capable of rotating freely around the main
shaft . Both the helices are curved in the same direction though their pitch is
not alike, the internal helix generally preferably having about one and a half
convolutions in the length of the machine, whereas the other has preferably scarcely
ohe convolution within the same space. The internal radius of the outer helix É
is but a trifle larger than the external radius of the inner helix D and its external
radius is but a little less than the radius of the cylindrical portion of the trough or
tank A.
The framing consists of two trestles or frames B connected by tie rods 6 61 6¹¹ and
terminating at the top in bearings, the former of which is adapted to receive
the extremity of the before mentioned main shaft and the other the sleeve or
tubular shaft e¹. The arrangement preferably employed for turning the two helices
in opposite directions and also to enable the direction of motion to be reversed in
case of need, while the machine is in operation, may be described as follows:-
Upon the main shaft d' and the sleeve or tubular shaft e are secured two gear
wheels F and G one on each shaft and both of equal diameter and pitch; the space
between them being slightly wider than the width of each. The wheel G gears
with the external half. H. of a double pinion H. H' secured to a counter-shaft h
which is supported in a bearing provided in the frame and which shaft at its other
end carries another and larger toothed wheel K. The inner half H' of the said
double pinion gears with the external half I of another double pinion I I¹ loosely
mounted on a stud or shaft i provided upon the frame. The other or internal
half of this pinion I I¹ gears in its turn, with the before mentioned wheel F.
The two wheels F and G receive motion from the wheel K and turn in opposite
directions. The wheel K receives motion from the pinion L secured on the shaft M
which is supported in the bearings N N of the frame.
The shaft M carries at one end three pulleys O P and Q of which P is rigidly
secured to the shaft and the other two are loose thereon. The usual two belts or
straps, one straight and the other crossed may be used for driving the machine in
contrary directions.
It will be understood that the gear wheels and pinions may be changed to suit
the speeds at which it is desired to operate the helices in relation to each other and
in relation to the speed of the driving belts Thus if desired the gearing L K may
be dispensed with and the shaft M arranged in a line with the shaft h; or other
gearing may be interposed between these two shafts. Where transmission of

page_text: power by means of driving belts is impracticable or undesirable the pulleys O P
and Q are omitted and other means are applied.
The machine may be constructed to be driven by hand steam or other power and
is susceptible of many changes all within the scope of this invention.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is
1. A double screw kneading machine for preparing dough for bread and similar
substances consisting substantially of a trough or tank with a semi-cylindrical
bottom containing two co-axial helical blades or worms such as D and E curved in
the same direction, but turning in opposite directions to each other substantially as
described and shown in the accompanying drawing.
2. In a double screw kneading machine the apparatus for locking the trough or
tank A. in different positions mainly consisting of a pivotted arm such as C provided
with a tooth or pawl c and offsets such as c¹ substantially as described and shown in
the accompanying drawing.
Dated this 11th day of Mas 1001
W. P. THOMPSON & BOULT,
Agents for the Applicant.