IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR CUTTING OR EXCAVATING COAL, STONE, OR OTHER MINERALS
Year: 1873

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Paulin Gay, of Rue de Crammont, No. 11, at
Paris, Civil Engineer, for the Invention of IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY FOR CUTTING OR EXCAVATING COAL, STONE, OR OTHER MINERALS."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Paulin Gay at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
9th January 1873.
I, PAULIN GAY, of Rue de Grammont, No. 11, at Paris, Civil
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR CUTTING OR EXCAVATING COAL, STONE, OR
OTHER MINERALE," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to form a combined-system of improved
arrangements of light and portable machinery or apparatus to be used for
piercing the galleries of mines, opening tunnels, and getting coal and

page_text: The various arrangements are distinguished from the ordinary methods
by the mode of working the perforating, and cutting tools, by the
mechanical contrivances which enable the tools to be directed according
to the section to be operated upon in the rock or mine, and by the ease
and expedition that the required changes can be effected.
In one arrangement I place on rails kept fast by bars provided with
screws and nuts, a carriage to which is pivoted a frame having at one
side vertical guides, and at the top a horizontal shaft which can be
turned by hand or power, and in the guides there is a block having a
pivot carrying a tool holding and tool which can be turned in line with
their common axis by means of bevel wheels from the horizontal shaft,
and moved up and down in an orbit on the pivot of the holder, and
horizontally by turning the frame on the pivot of the carriage, the guides
being for the purpose of enabling the tool to be adjusted to any required
height.
At the commencement of the operation the tool is used as an ordinary
drill for piercing an initial or preliminary hole, the tool when revolving
being pushed the required distance by a lever and handle, and after the
hole, which may be supposed to be at the bottom of the left side of the
seam is completed, the tool holder and tool are moved up by means of
a weighted pinion geared into a rack connected by a rod to the holder,
and as this movement takes place at the same time as the tool revolves,
a slot groove or mortise is made in the seam from the bottom to the top,
and each time the tool has made a slot corresponding with the depth of
the initial hole, the carriage and machine are advanced, and after a fresh
hole is drilled the slotting operation takes place, and so on until the slot
is of the required depth.
For making a horizontal slot at the bottom of the seam the tool is
made to revolve, and at the same time the frame of the machine by
pulling a cord is turned on its pivot to move the tool from one side to
the other, and when a slot is to be made at the right side of the seam,
the frame is turned round from one side to the other after the tool has
been removed, and then when the tool has been replaced and adjusted
the drilling and slotting operations are effected.
The slots may be formed in any desired positions and number, and
when they have to be inclined the rails carrying the machine are placed
in an inclined position by means of screws and nuts, or other well
known means,

page_text: In another arrangement the frame carrying the drilling and cutting
tool is formed as a hollow cylinder having in the interior some of the
working parts of the machine, and at the exterior rollers or wheels
capable of moving on horizontal bars fixed to standards held fast to the
roof by small screw jacks, and when an initial hole has been made at a
bottom corner of the seam the frame and tool are moved transversely by
a band, pulleys, and weight, in order to cause the tool to form a slot, the
machine being moved forwards from time to time to enable the slot to be
made of the required depth.
In a modification of the first arrangement I use a hollow cylindrical
frame, having at one side a guiding space from the top to the bottom, in
which the block or slide carrying the tool holder is fitted. The frame is
fixed at the bottom to a plate having wheels on rails fixed to a bed or
foundation on which there are holes for enabling the machine to be held
firmly at the bottom by spikes or pins at any required position, there
being at the top of the frame a small screw jack to hold it firmly to the
roof.
For turning the frame and tool in a horizontal direction as the tool
revolves, I fix on the bottom plate a segmental rack in which is geared
a pinion worked by a weighted lever, and as the tool can be shifted to
the top of the seam by means of the long guide in the cylindrical frame
a horizontal slot can be made at the top as well as at the bottom, and
thus four slots can be made in the seam.
The tools are made of all forms and materials according to the nature
of the substances acted upon, and when required a current of water is
employed to lubricate and cool them, and the machines are worked
either by hand, or by steam, hydraulic, pneumatic, or other motive
power engines.

page_text: WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria; by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Ninth day of January, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and seventy-three, in the thirty-sixth year of
Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant
unto me, the said Paulin Gay, Her special license that I, the said
Paulin Gay, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as
I, the said Paulin Gay, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should
at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all
times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully
might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom
of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man,
an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR CUTTING OR EXCAVATING
COAL, STONE, OR OTHER MINERALS," upon the condition (amongst others)
that I, the said Paulin Gay, my executors or administrators, by an
instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and
seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and
cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Paulin Gay, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement thereof, reference being had to the accom-
panying Sheet of Drawings, and to the figures and letters marked
thereon, that is to say:-
The object of this Invention is to form a combined system of improved
arrangements of light and portable machinery or apparatus to be used
for piercing the galleries of mines, opening tunnels, and getting coal and
minerals.
The various arrangements are distinguished from the ordinary method
by the mode of working the perforating and cutting tools, by the
mechanical contrivances which enable the tools to be directed according
to the section to be operated upon in the rock or mine, and by the ease
and expedition that the required changes can be effected.
In one arrangement 1 place on rails kept fast by bars provided with
screws and nuts a carriage to which is pivoted a frame having at one

page_text: side vertical guides, and at the top a horizontal shaft which can be
turned by hand or power, and in the guides there is a block having a
pivot carrying a tool holder and tool which can be turned in line with
their common axis by means of bevil wheels from the horizontal shaft,
and moved up and down in an orbit on the pivot of the holder, and hori-
zontally by turning the frame on the pivot of the carriage, the guides
being for the purpose of enabling the tool to be adjusted to any required
height.
an
At the commencement of the operations the tool is used as
ordinary drill for piercing an initial or preliminary hole, the tool when
revolving being pushed the required distance by a lever and handle, and
after the hole which may be supposed to be at bottom of the left side of
the seam is completed, the tool holder and tool are moved up by means
of a weighted pinion geared into a rack connected by a rod to the
holder, and as this movement takes place at the same time as the tool
revolves a slot groove or mortise is made in the seam from the bottom
to the top, and each time the tool has made a slot corresponding with
the depth of the initial hole the carriage and machine are advanced, and
after a fresh hole is drilled the slotting operation takes place, and so on
until the slot is of the required depth.
For making a horizontal slot at the bottom of the seam the tool is
made to revolve, and at the same time the frame of the machine by
pulling a cord is turned on its pivot to move the tool from one side to
the other, and when a slot is to be made at the right side of the seam,
the frame is turned round from one side to the other after the tool has
been removed, and then when the tool has been replaced and adjusted
the drilling and slotting operations are effected.
The slots may be formed in any desired positions and number, and
when they have to be inclined the rails carrying the machine are placed
in an inclined position by means of screws and nuts, or other well
known means.
In another arrangement the frame carrying the drilling and cutting
tool is formed as a hollow cylinder having in the interior some of the
working parts of the machine, and at the exterior rollers or wheels
capable of moving on horizontal bars fixed to standards held fast to the
roof by small screw jacks, and when an initial hole has been made at a
bottom corner of the seam the frame and tool are moved transversely by

page_text: a band, pulley, and weight in order to cause the tool to form a slot, the
machine being moved forwards from time to time to enable the slot to be
made of the required depth.
In a modification of the first arrangement 1 use a hollow cylindrical
frame having at one side a guiding space from the top to the bottom in
which the block or slide carrying the tool holder is fitted. The frame is
fixed at the bottom to a plate having wheels on rails fixed to a bed or
foundation in which there are holes for enabling the machine to be held
firmly at the bottom by spikes or pins at any required position, there
being at the top of the frame a small screw jack to hold it firmly to the
roof.
For turning the frame and tool in a horizontal direction as the tool
revolves fix on the bottom plate a segmental rack in which is geared
a pinion worked by a weighted lever, and as the tool can be shifted to
the top of the seam by means of the long guide in the cylindrical frame
a horizontal slot can be made at the top as well as at the bottom, and
thus four slots can be made in the seam.
The tools are made of all forms and materials according to the nature
of the substances acted upon, and when required a current of water is
employed to lubricate and cool them, and the machines are worked
either by hand, or by steam, hydraulic, pneumatic, or other motive
power engines.

page_text: horizontal attitude, or can be made to sweep in a circular are vertically
or horizontally, or it can be advanced or retracted along with the whole
machine. Moreover the drill shaft d is made to slide in its bearings
D, F, F, and can be moved forwards or backwards by a hand lever v, so
that while the machine remains at rest, the drill itself can be advanced
or retracted. For sweeping it in a circular are vertically, a rack rod R
jointed to the front part of the drill spindle can be worked by a winch
and pinion L. For sweeping it horizontally the framing K is turned on
its bottom carriage Z, either by hand or by a weighted cord led over a
pulley. The drill is caused to rotate by turning the fly wheel P, on the
shaft of which is a bevil wheel N gearing with a wheel on a vertical
spindle H, on which spindle is another bevil wheel arranged to slide up
or down with the bearing frame of the drill shaft, such bevil wheel
gearing into a wheel on a horizontal shaft mounted in the bearing frame
of the drill shaft, and this horizontal shaft by means of bevil gearing X
drives the drill shaft. By this arrangement of gearing the drill is caused
to rotate while its position and attitude can be changed.
For chasing a horizontal slot or mortice as A", Figs. 4 and 5, the
bearing frame is lowered to the bottom of the main framing, and the
drill is caused to rotate and is advanced by the hand lever until a hole
of certain depth is drilled in the face of the material. The framing K is
then turned gradually round on its vertical pivot, whereby the drill while
it continues to rotate is swept round in a circular path, and cuts a chase,
as shown from o' to o in Fig. 2. In like manner for a vertical groove or
mortice as A, A', Fig. 4, the bearing frame of the drill shaft is caused to
turn on its horizontal axis by working the handle L, or by suspending a
weight at F', whereby the drill while it continues to rotate is caused
to sweep vertically, as shewn in Fig. 1. During these operations the
carriage Z is held fast, but when the grooves have been cut to the depth
determined by the stroke of the lever v, the drill is retracted, the carriage
Z is advanced and made fast, and the operations are repeated so as to cut
the chases to a farther depth. The machine, as shewn in Fig. 1, is
arranged to cut a chase on the left hand side in order to arrange it for
the other hand, the drill spindle B is disconnected at C, the bearing
frame is turned half round on its horizontal axis, the main frame is
turned half round on its vertical axis, and the drill. spindle is again
connected, an operation which is. effected with great facility in a very
short time.

page_text: Fig. 3 represents the machine arranged for chasing in the floor of a
working. In this case the rails 6 are sloped, their inclination being
adjusted by screws m to suit the material operated on, which when it is
hard requires the rails to be less inclined, or when it is soft admits of a
greater inclination, the extent of drill engaged being determined by the
inclination of the cut.
Fig. 6 represents a back view, and Fig. 7 a vertical section of a
modified form of the apparatus suited for under cutting.
In this case
the framing N of the machine is of cylindrical form supported on
rollers s, s, running on rails b,. b, and steadied by an upper roller u
running along an inverted rail d. These rails are set on the lower
and upper parts of a framing connected by end frames i, i, and steadied
in a high working by struts provided with jack screws. The drill
spindle B is driven by bevil gearing, and is mounted at the lower part of
the cylindrical frame N in a bearing frame which turns round the axis
of N, so that the drill can be made to sweep horizontally, and thereby
chase an under cut groove as described above. The horizontal sweep of
the drill is effected by a cord 9 attached to the lower turning frame,
carried over a pulley, and loaded by a weight Q.
Fig. 8 represents a side view, and Fig. 9 a plan of the apparatus made
with a cylindrical frame, but arranged so that the drill can be swept
vertically as well as horizontally, as described in reference to Figs. 1
and 2. In this case the machine is steadied by a jack screw M bearing
against the roof of the working; the horizontal sweep is given to the
drill by a bevil pinion R working in a bevil segment S, the pinion R
being worked by a handle T in the manner of a ratchet brace. The rail
frame has a number of holes g, and the bottom frame of the machine has
a lug f, through which a steady pin is passed into one or other of the
holes g, so as to prevent the machine from receding while the drill is
pressed forward.
Although I have shown in the Drawings machines worked by hand,
they might be worked by steam or compressed air engines, by travelling
ropes or bands, or other convenient prime movers, as may be readily
understood. The drills employed may be of any known form and
material suitable for particular operations, for example, steel, or diamond,
or other hard mineral cutters may be employed for hard substances, such
as rocks, such cutters being arranged helically on the drill spindle; for

page_text: Witness,
ALBERT CAHEN,
Civil Engineer,
32, Boulevard Magenta,
at Paris.
P. GAY. (L.S.).