Improvements in Bricks and Brickwork.
Year: 1892

page_text: Date of Application, 21st Nov., 1892
Complete Specification Left, 21st Aug., 1893-Accepted, 14th Oct., 1893
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Bricks and Brickwork.
HENRY HAWGOOD 13 Westbourne Terrace Sutton Lane Chiswick W. Cabinet
Salesman do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
"
The "bricks are made with one or two iron collars (or links) embedded into
them. The space inside the collars forming a long hollow slot, which passes
entirely through the brick. The object of the hollow slot being to facilitate the
building in of two iron tubes (or rods) perpendicularly through each brick, the
hollow slots being filled in with good cement as the work proceeds-by a simple
arrangement of the bricks they become entirely locked together.
The bricks are in size about nine inches long, four and a half inches wide, and
three inches thick for ordinary work. Each brick has a long hollow slot passing
entirely through it, in which are one or two iron collars (or links) moulded in when
made, when one collar is used it should be in centre, when two the one should be
flush at the top and the other flush at the bottom of the brick. The collars are
made of iron, one eighth of an inch thick and one inch wide where two to the brick
are used. The inside measure of collars are about six and a half inches long and
one inch wide rounded at each end, this being the size of the hollow slot passing
entirely through the brick. Into this slot two iron tubes (or rods) are built in
perpendicularly a quarter the length of the brick from either end as work proceeds,
the slot being filled in with good cement in quality equal to, one part of Portland
to two parts of washed sand, the tubes should be used in short lengths, the several
joints forming stops in the wall. The walls are built four and a half inches thick,
whole bricks being entirely used, with the exception where finishing the end of a
four and a half inch wall, where half bricks are used on alternate courses pierced
for one rod (or tube) to pass through the centre (without collars).
Where thicker walls are required hollow spaces are left between two or more
walls (the spaces being either left hollow or filled with plain bricks or concrete,)
being joined every four of five bricks by cross tie work. All foundations should be
prepared of concrete with a smooth and level surface to start the brickwork upon.
The first course of bricks should be prepared with the tubes (or rods) bedded into
them with a stop joint, or nut, at the bottom end of each, and in length from six, to
twenty-four inches, or any required length and continued as building proceeds, the
ordinary gas tube joint (or other kind) being used for the purpose.
When the first course of bricks are bedded into position, each brick in the
second course is laid exactly half over two bricks in the first course, following
the same method in each succeeding course, thus !! each tube in a brick in the
first course passes through the slot of each brick dividing it in the second course,
the same two tubes of the brick in the first course passing through one brick in
the third course, which brick takes the same position as the first course, above it-
all bricks in a building thus become "linked" or "fettered " together with iron.
The "stretcher" brick used to receive the header brick in cross-tie work must be
made a brick-and-a-half long, three tubes passing through it, the centre one passing
through the "header" brick.
ADVANTAGES.

page_text: Providing fire bricks are used in erecting the inner walls of buildings-if gutted
by fire not a brick would become displaced.
No archwork is required over doorways, windows &c.
No ironwork is exposed to air or view consequently will not rust.
Many portions of buildings can be put together (built) in the workshop and
raised into position by the crane, such as corners, spaus, columns, pasts &c.
All foundation bricks can be prepared with the two tubes fixed in them
perpendicularly.
Solid walls can be built using this Patent in a variety of ways-but not the
.Flemish-bond.
Dated this 19th dow of Daha 1002
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Bricks and Brickwork.
HENRY HAWGOOD 13 Westbourne Terrace Sutton Lane Chiswick W. Furniture
Salesman do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement :-
'
The brick is made any size measuring two or three squares by any required
thickness.
The bricks for ordinary building purposes measuring nine inches long and four
, and a half inches wide (2 squares), and three inches thick, together with the bricks
measuring thirteen inches and a half long, and four and a half inches wide, (three
squares), and three inches thick, called the stretcher brick will be used in the
drawings accompaning this Specification.
The bricks have one or two iron collars (or links) moulded into them when
made, when one only is used, it is moulded into the centre of brick, when two are
used they will be moulded one flush at the top, and the other flush at the bottom
of brick, the latter is the mode used in the drawings accompaning this Specifica-
tion. Or the brick can be moulded leaving space in centre to build-in the collars
(or links) afterwards.
The collars (or links) must be long enough to pass, not less than half an inch
round the centre of each square forming the top surface of brick (Fig. I^) or the
same distance round the two outer centres of the stretcher brick.
The substance of the iron used in the collars (or links) to be about one inch by
one eighth of an inch (Fig. I & IIA). The interior of the collars (or links) form
a hollow place or slot, which passes entirely through the brick (Fig. 1B) to
facilitate the building in of iron tubes (or rods) perpendicularly, in position each
in the centre of each square forming the surface of brick (Fig. I & II).
The tubes (or rods) used, can be any length required, but about twelve to
twenty inches long, and joined as work proceeds, by the ordinary gas tube (or
other) joints are recommended, the several joints forming "stops" in the wall.
The hollow space (or slot) inside the collars (or links) Fig. 1B is filled in with
good cement, equal to one part of Portland to two of washed sand, poured in as
work proceeds, thus it will be seen (Fig. 11I) that the four and a half inch wall,
every brick becomes linked (or fettered) together. Solid walls any thickness
can also be built, but not upon the Flemish bond principal.
The stretcher brick (Fig. IIIB) is used in all "tie or cross" work, but not
in corner work (or quoin) (Fig. III). A half brick (one square) without collars
(or links) (Fig. III) is used in all stopped ends of a four and a half inch wall
(Fig. IIIº).
66
The advantages are, great strength, saving of bricks, simplicity in construction,
and no arching required over spaces.

page_text: Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is:
1. The principal of building with bricks made with an iron collar (or link) or
iron collars (or links) inserted into the brick, the interior of collars (or links)
forming a hollow space, or slot, which passes entirely through the brick.
2. The principal of using iron tubes (or rods) which pass through the iron collars
(or links) perpendicularly, each in the centre of each square forming the surface of
brick, and the filling the space (or slot) as building proceeds, with cement.
3. The making of the bricks for the purposes of this invention whether used with
or without the iron tubes (or rods).
Dated this Twenty-first day of August 1893.
HENRY HAWGOOD.