Year: 1888

page_text: Date of Application, 11th Feb., 1888
Complete Specification Left, 8th Nov., 1888
Complete Specification Accepted, 31st Dec., 1888
I, JOSEPH HUTCHISON, of 3 Lilybank Terrace, Hillhead, Glasgow, Lanarkshire,
Shipowner, do hereby declare the nature of my said invention to be as follows:-
This Invention has reference to and comprises certain improvements applicable to
type writers, such as the "Remmington," the "Hammond" and others; which
improvements are susceptible of slight modification to make them suitable for the
different class of machines, and will make these more comprehensive and quicker in
producing the work, and more automatic in their action than they have been as hereto-
fore constructed.
A first improvement consists in the use of certain keys and lovers, with double
letters, which are frequently repeated in writing such as th, is, it, er, at, to, as, on, in,
and in so fitting the bar and levers which these keys move, to cause the rack mechanism
and its pawl by certain improvements to move the paper carriage two teeth forward at
a time, in place of one as heretofore, and still allow the single letter keys and their
levers to take the carriage forward one tooth of the rack for each single letter. One
arrangement of mechanism for effecting this by these improvements, consists in
causing the finger keys of the double letters to have a greater motion than the
single keys, or to make their levers cause the ratchet toothed rack bar to have a
greater motion preferably double the distance of the single letter keys and levers,
or say about double the width of the rack; and to make this rack move a lateral
spring lever during the last part of its motion, and make this spring lever which
would preferably be fulcrumed on the front of the oscillating pawl, traverse on the
paper carriage with a duplex stepped stud, or with a neck and shoulder piece, passing
through a segmental slot in the movable stepping pawl. The inner part of this slot
works on the neck of the stud, so that the pawl can only oscillate to the extent of one
tooth; but when the stud is shifted to the other end of the segment by the ratchet
bar, it brings the stud to the wide part of the segmental slot which allows the movable
pawl to vibrate or step to the extent of two teeth on the shoulder of the stud, and so
move the paper carriage two teeth forward when the ratchet bar is so oscillated. The

page_text: stud is always after each traverse carried back by its spring lever into the normal
position of the slot and moving ratchet pawl, for taking one tooth at a time, or two
as the case may be, and stopping the carriage after each movement by the moving
pawl, the fixed pawl holding it while the double or single letter is being printed,
and the stepping pawl again shifted forward by its spring in the usual manner. It
will be obvious that the same advance motion of the paper carriage to the extent of
one or two ratchet teeth, may be given by the single or double lateral traverse of the
duplex pawl arrangement across the ratchet bar, instead of moving the ratchet bar
laterally across the pawls; and that the ratchet bar might be carried on the traversing
carriage instead of the pawls.
Another improvement consists in mounting a cam bracket on the top of the fixed
frame of the machine, in such a position that as the paper carriage was drawn back
to the starting end of the machine before commencing a new line of printing it would
automatically oscillate the present ratchet hand lever and pawls and turn the ratchet
wheel of the paper barrel for taking up one, two, three or more teeth of the ratchet
wheel at a time to turn the paper roller and give the different spaces or distances
between the lines of type printing, either by pulling down the hand lever or
by pushing it up, according as a pulling or pushing ratchet was employed.
The ratchet wheels and pawis might be mounted at the left hand end of the
paper roller, when that was more convenient for this automatic action of the
lever.
A further improvement consists in mounting at the opposite or starting end
of the machine to the present traversing spring barrel of the paper carriage a
winding up spring barrel arrangement, with spur wheels and gearing, and a ratchet
wheel on a second motion shaft, which might have a handle on it for winding it
up, working one of the pinions of the spur gearing of the winding up barrel, with
retaining fixed pawl; and in making a reciprocating rod or lever with pawl on it, to
work into this ratchet wheel so as to wind up the spring of this barrel one or more
teeth at a time at every reciprocation of the ratchet pawl and cross bar moved by the
keys. This ratchet pawl lever or rod would be reciprocated slowly as stated by the
downward motion of each finger key and levor, so that by the time a line or any part
of a line of letter printing had been effected this secondary winding up spring would
bo wound up stronger than the primary spring which drew back the carriage for the
printing, and by a hand spring clutch lever with finger knob or key on it mounted
inside or outside the frame near the other keys, this coiled spring barrel would be
unlocked and so automatically draw the carriage back to its starting position for com-
mencing a new line of printing, and when locked again would allow the ordinary
coiled spring to draw the paper carriage slowly and intermittently back by its
ratchet bar and pawl movement; and in coming back to its extreme starting point
would automatically by the before mentioned cam bracket and ratchet pawl lever turn
the paper roller, one, two, three or more spaces according to the distance desired
between the lines of letter for starting the new line of printing.

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and relating to Type Writing or Printing
Machines.
I, JOSEPH HUTCHISON, of 3 Lillybank Terrace, Hillhead, Glasgow, Lanarkshire,
Shipowner, do hereby declare the nature of my said invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement in writing, reference being had to the accompanying Sheet of
Drawings, and to the letters and figures marked thereon, that is to say :-
This Invention has reference to and comprises certain improvements applicable to
type writers, such as the "Remmington," the "Hammond," and others; which
improvements are susceptible of slight modification to make them suitable for the
differoni class of machines, and will inake these more comprehensive and quicker in
producing the work, and more automatic in their action than they have been as
heretofore constructed.
Stated generally the first improvement consists in the use of certain keys and levers,
with two, three, or more lettors in the longitudinal direction on the point of each of
the levers, in place of one letter in this direction as heretofore, and which letters
are frequently repeated in writing such as th, is, it, er, at, to, as, on, in, for doublo
letters, and the, for, and day for treble letters, and in so fitting the bar and levers
which these keys move, to cause the rack mechanism and its pawl by certain improve-
ments to move the paper carriage two, three, or more teeth forward in the longitudinal
direction according to the lever and number of letters brought into action at the time,
that is two teeth for two letters and three teeth for three letters and so on, in place of
one tooth for one letter only as heretofore practised, and still allow the single letter
keys and their lovers to take the carriage forward one tooth of the rack for each
single letter in the same manner as formerly. One arrangement of mechanism for
effecting this by these improvements, consists in causing the finger koys of the double
or treble letters to have a greater motion than the single keys, or to make their levers
cause the ratchet toothed rack bar to have a greater lateral motion, preferably double
the distance of the single letter keys and levers, or say about double the width of the
ratchet rack for double letters, and three times for treble letters; and to make this
rack move a lateral spring lever during the last part of its notion, and make this
spring lever which would preferably be fulcrumed on the front of the oscillating pawl,
traverse on the paper carriage with a duplex stepped stud for double letters, and a
triplex stopping stud for treble letters, or with a neck and shoulder piece, passing
through a segmental slot in the movable stepping pawl. The inner part of this slot
would work on the neck of the stud, so that the pawl can only oscillate to the extent
of one tooth, but when the stud is shifted to the other end of the segment by the
ratchet bar through the spring stud lever, it brings the stud to the wide part of the
segmental slot, which allows the movable pawl to vibrate or step to the extent of two
teeth on the shoulder of the stud, and so move the paper carriage longitudinally two
teeth forward when the ratchet bar is so oscillated; and in like manner the three
lettered lever could be made through the spring stnd lever to move the stepping

page_text: ratchet stud to the wide part of the second segmental slot which will allow the moving
pawl to vibrate or step to the extent of three teeth on the shoulder of the stud, and
thus move the paper carriage longitudinally forward to the extent of three teeth. The
stud is always after each traverse carried back by its spring lever into the normal
position of the slot and moving ratchet pawl, for taking one tooth at a time, or two or
more as the case may be, and stopping the carriage after each movement by the moving
pawl, the fixed pawl holding it while the double or single letter is being printed, and.
the stepping pawl again shifted forward by its spring in the usual manner. It will be
obvious that the same advance motion of the paper carriage to the extent of one or
two ratchet teeth, may be given by the single or double lateral traverse of the duplex
pawl arrangement across the ratchet bar, instead of moving the ratchet bar laterally
across the pawls; and that the ratchet bar might be carried on the traversing carriage
instead of the pawls although the moving of the ratchet rack is more convenient in
most machines.
And in order that my said invention and the manner of performing or carrying
the same into effect or practice may be properly understood, I have hereunto
appended an explanatory Sheet of Drawings, in which the same reference letters are
used to indicate corresponding parts in all the figures where shown. Figure 1 is a
longitudinal back elevation partly in section, and Figure 2 is a corresponding plan
of the same, and Figure 3 is a transverse sectional elevation corresponding to and
as taken near the irregular lines 1---1 and 2---2 on Figure 1, all of a type
writing or printing machine of the Remmington class, as fitted with my improvements.
Figures 4 to 8, show detail views of the improved parts, which will hereinafter be
more particularly described and referred to.
Referring to these Drawings,-1, represents the lower basement fixed frame of the
machine, 1 the upper fixed frame secured to the lower basement frame by the four
standards 1", and which combined frame carries the mechanism of the whole machine
portably in a usual manner, generally on four rubber feet resting in recesses in a
plain wood frame or table, to which a light tin or cased box cover is usually
attached enclosing and protecting the whole machine when not in use. The finger
levers 2, with the alphabetical buttons 21 on their front free ends, are mounted to
swivel by a groove on a rounded edge rib 3, projecting down from the lower
frame 1 at the back, with light springs 3' over the back for raising the levers 2 up
against a soft rest 3" in front. These lovers aro ranged like piano keys stepped
downwards in the front open part of the lower frame 1, and have small studs or
pins 2 projecting down between them to keep them separate. Each lever 2 would
be fitted with a link 4 above near the centre, connected by a light adjustable scrow
wire rod 4 linked at top to the short horizontal arm 51 of the type lever 5, fulcrumed
to small brackets 5", screwed to a ring frame carried on the main top frame 1¹ as
seen in Figure 2, so that each type lever arm 5 with the type 6 on it strikes under
an inking ribbon r, in the centre of the ring frame, so as to print the letters on the
under periphery of the paper roller 7, which would have the paper passed under it
as indicated by the arrows and dotted lines p and carried on the lateral moving
case 81 on and within the usual longitudinal traversing open frame 8, running by
pulleys 9 and 10' on the back and front guide bars 9 and 10, all constructed as so
far described in a usual manner. A flat band 11 passing over a segmental pulley 11',
having its other end attached to the frame 8 at 11", pulls the frame 8, by a coiled
spring fitted and wound up within the segmental pulley 11', always in one direction
as indicated by the arrow on the frame A, over the lateral reciprocating ratchet
toothed divided or pacing bar 12, carried and reciprocated on two levers 13 up through
and over the back end of the top frame 1'. These levers 13 are secured by adjusting
pinching screws on a longitudinal spring spindle 14, 14', oscillated in bearings under
the back of the top frame 1' by two long U shaped arm levers 15, having the top
of their front arms connected by links 16 to a cross bar 17 fitted under the whole
of the levers 2, so that any one lever by depressing this bar 17 oscillates these two
levers 15 and 13, and also the pacing toothed rack 12, fixod on the upper end of the
latter. This bar 17 is also actuated by the two end levers 2* of the set of levers 2

page_text: connected by a front longitudinal finger bar at 1* at the extreme front of the lower
frame 1, clear of all the finger buttons 21, so that by depressing this finger bar 1*
and outer levers 2x the bar 17 may be depressed without moving any of the printing
levers 2, so as to reciprocate the pacing rack 12, and traverse the table frame 8, 81,
carrying the paper to the extent of any desired space between words or letters
without printing. A spring 14', is fitted on the spindle 14 to bring the ratchet rack
bar 12 always back to its outmost normal position shown in Figures 3 and 6 and the
transverse bar 17 up against the finger levers 2. The traversing frame 8 also
carries a small horizontal frame A oscillating vertically on the swivelling bar 9 over
the ratchet rack 12, which carries the vertical duplex pawl frame B, b, with moving
ratchet spring pawl 6 exactly over the teeth of the ratchet rack 12. The frame
oscillates slightly on the pin B', and the spring pawl b oscillates on the pin B", at the
upper part of this oscillating frame B.
In the usual working of this machine, the single depression of the finger buttons 2'
of the levers 2, while printing their ordinary alphabetical letter on and by the
lever 5, would only oscillate the rack 12 through the said bar 17 and levers 15 and 13,
laterally to the extent of its own width; that is, so that the teeth of the ratchet
rack 12, while being moved forward, as described, by its levers 13, clears the front
edge of the spring pawl b while printing the letter, and slips on to the second retaining
ratchet pawl b fixed on the frame B, while the spring pawl b moves forward by the
strength of its spring 6" which allows the frames A and 8, in the backward automatic
traverse of the rack 12, to move forward to the extent of one tooth only, the spring
pawl 6, giving way to that extent before coming back against the frame B, or a
stop 6' on it for the purpose.
in
By my improvements, I make a few of the levers 5 as seen at 5*, 6×,
Figures 1 and 2 to have a double set of two small letters at 6* on them to print
in the longitudinal direction, or it might be three or more letters as indicated in
Figure 4, instead of the single small and large alphabetical letters 6 at present
mounted on them, and mounted round the greater part of the circle on the other
levers 5 which print the alphabet in single letters. Figure 4 shows a face and edge
view of one of these levers 5 with the letters the and for on it in small case or Roman
type. And further in making the finger or key levers and knobs 2 and 21, at K which
move the printing levers 5*, as shown to the right hand on the front of the
keyboard 1, 1, in Figure 2, marked th, is, it, er, or it may be three letters as
5 marked the, or for, to print these parts of words, or complete small words, which are
repeated frequently in correspondence. And I make theso double or treble key
levers 2, 21, to have a greater downward motion than the single keys which work the
ordinary single letter printing levers, so that this extra motion will depress another
stepped knee armed lever L, L, mounted to the one side of the lower frame 1 under
these key levers 2, indicated by these double or triple lettered words, and through
another extra link will move one of the levers 15 and oscillate the spindle 14, and
levers 13 to pull forward the pacing toothed rack 12 to two, three, or more times its
own width as dotted in in Figure 6, and so allow the spring pawl b, b, to move
forward, two, three, or more teeth, according to the number of letters on the particular
5 printing key lever brought into action. Figure 5 shows a side elevation of one new
arrangement of the pawl mechanism for effecting this, to a large scale, with part of
the pacing toothed rack 12, and Figure 6 a corresponding front view showing the
rack as dotted-in in its three positions on its lever 13 for either giving one, two, or
three steps forward according to the number of letters on the levers 2, 2¹, printing
0 for the time being; while Figures 7 and 8 show detail views of the new spring
pawl b, and spring stud lever a, a', detached from the views Figures 5 and 6. The
said extra single or double lateral motion of the rack 12 is made to oscillate a new
small spring stud lever a, a, fulcrumed at a" on the upper part of the plate frame B,
between this plate and the moving spring paw! b, and the back fixed pawl b¹; so
5 that the rack in being drawn forward acts on the lower end a², of the spring stud
lever a, a¹ against the power of the light spring a³, to shift the stud a' carried on it,
within segmental slots 6", b², b³, formed in the lower part of the spring pawl b.

page_text: These segmental slots are of three different sizes, a very little larger than the three
steps of the stem of the stud a corresponding to them, as seen particularly in
Figures 7 and 8, which allows the spring pawl 6 to spring out to the extent of one,
two, or three teeth, according to the position of the stud a¹, and as shown dotted-in
in Figure 5, this stud in its normal position being always in the first slot 6 for
giving one tooth or step forward of the frames B, A, and 8 carrying the paper, after
printing any of the one-letter printing levers 5 and finger keys 2, 2. For printing
any of the words, or parts of words with two letters, and their corresponding printing
levers at 5*, 6*, and finger keys at K Figure 2 marked with these letters, the stud a
would be shifted by its lever a, and the rack 12 to the second segmental slot & in
the pawl lever b, and allow this to shift to the extent of two teeth or divisions; and
when printing the words with three letters as the or for, then the stud a¹ would be
shifted by its levers a and rack 12, to the wide slot of the spring pawl lever b, to
allow this to move forward to the extent of three teeth or divisions of the rack 12 ;
and thus in either case on the rack 12 resuming its backmost normal position, the spring
pawl lever b would be forced back to its normal position against the stud ³ in the
plate B, and the traversing frames A and 8 would traverse forward the paper to the
extent of two or three teeth respectively as explained, to give the proper spacing to
suit the new writing of two letters, or words with three or more letters, at a time as
described, by these improvements, by the ordinary power of the coiled spring in the
segmental wheel 111, all as for the one tooth and letter only heretofore used.
In the working of this instrument the usual small single letters 6 on the levers 5
are printed by their respective keys 2, 21, on the paper and roller 7, while the
case 8 carrying the journals of the paper roller 7 is in its normal position close
towards the front of the frame 8 and kept there by the power of the usual spring S
and levers S¹ and bar S3; while for printing the capitals or large letters, the caso A
is moved back by a special key and lever, marked case, seen to the left of the key-
board in Figure 2, and an adjusting link and rod s shown in Figure 3, which actuates
the levers and $1, to push back the case 8' on the rollers 8" of the frame 8, and thus
print the capitals under the centre of the roller 7.
In like manner, either sets of the first or second new double or triple small letters
6* on the levers 5* indicated more particularly in figures 1 and 4, and actuated by
the keys and finger knobs indicated at K in Figure 2 marked on the several finger
knobs er, or th; an or in ; at or is; to or of; and the or for; are brought into action,
that is the first double or triple letters er or the respectively of the several keys K are
brought into action while the case 81 is in its normal forward position, while the
second sets of double and triple letters th and for are brought into action while the
upper frame 8 is removed back by its key and finger knob marked case.
Another improvement consists in mounting a cam bracket D secured to the top 11
of the fixed frame of the machine in front, and in such a position that as the paper
carriage was drawn back to the starting end of the machine before commencing a new
line of printing, it would automatically oscillate or raise the ratchet hand lever E, E',
and its pawls e, to turn the ratchet wheel F, of the paper barrel 7 for taking up one,
two, three or more teeth of this ratchet wheel F at a time. This would turn the
paper roller 7 and give the different spaces or distances between the lines of type
printing, either by pulling down the land lever E or by pushing it up, according as
a pulling or pushing ratchet was employed, that shown being an ordinary construction
of pushing ratchet lever Ee, which acts by the lever E being raised up, and has a
downward projecting limb E¹ for acting on the cam D as the carriage 8 with the paper
is pushed back to raise the lever E, and turn the ratchet whoel F, and roller 7, and
paper just before commencing a new line of type writing. The lever E, E', in this
instance and the ratchet wheel F, which it actuates is for these improvements preferably
mounted at the left hand end of the reciprocating frame 8, instead of at the right hand
end, where it is usually placed for being actuated by the right hand of the attendant.
To hold down the front edge of the frame 8, while the lever E is being pressed up
by the cam D to turn the ratchet wheel F, as described, a small catch plate dis
screwed to the under front edge and end of the frame 8, which when this frame is

page_text: pressed back, coines under another plate d', secured on the inner side of the front
rail 10 and holds down the frame 8, while the cam D is pressing up the lever E, but
does not prevent the case 8' from being pushed backwards on the frame 8 by the
bar S, and oscillated up on the swivelling bar 9 to see how the type 6 are printing on
the under side of the paper. I push or draw the carriage 8, with its paper and
roller 7 by hand back to its normal starting position, and in coming back this
motion would automatically by the before mentioned cam bracket D and ratchet
pawl lever E, E', turn the paper roller 7 one, two, three or more spaces, according
to the distance desired between the lines of printing for starting a new line.
In my Provisional Specification I describe a mode and means of gradually winding
up by the action of the finger keys, in printing, and the spring and barrel, at the
opposite end of the machine (to that shown at 11, 11', for drawing the carriage 8,
forward) which new spring barrel was for automatically drawing back the
carriage 8 to its original position for starting a new line of type writing, but
this I have found to be more complicated than useful, and I therefore do not
desire to describe or claim it in this complete specification.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I claim is :-
First. In type writing or printing machines, the herein described system, or mode
and means, of using additional multiple letters, consisting of special finger keys,
types, and type levers and operating rack mechanism to move forward the paper
carriage more than one tooth of the rack at a time to suit these special type
letters, while still permitting the ordinary single letter keys and their levers to
take the carrige forward one tooth of the rack for each single letter, all sub-
stantially as herein described and shown in the accompanying Drawings.
Second. In type writing or printing machines, the herein described mode of
causing the finger keys of the double, treble or multiple lotters to have a
greater motion than the ordinary single letter keys, or making the key levers
cause the ratchet toothed rack bar to have a greater lateral motion than the
single letter keys and levers, for the purpose of moving a lateral spring lover
to operate a stepped stud, or neck and shoulder piece passed through a segmental
slot in a movable stepping pawl, to traverse forward a paper carriage more
than one tooth at a time, all substantially as herein described in reference to
and shown in the accompanying Drawings.
Third. In type writing or printing machines, the construction and use of spring
pawls for stepping over more than one tooth at a time, of the ratchet-rack, for
the purpose herein described of printing more than one letter at a time, all
substantially as, and shown particularly in Figures 5 to 8 of the accompanying
Drawings.
Fourth. In type writing or printing machines, the herein described mode
of giving or regulating the spaces or distances between the lines of type printing
or writing, consisting in the use of a cam bracket mounted on the fixed frame
of the machine, so that when the paper carriage was drawn back to the
starting end of the machine, it will automatically oscillate the ratchet hand lever
and pawls to turn the ratchet wheel of the paper barrel to give the required
spaces between the lines of type, all substantially as herein described in reference
to and shown in the accompanying Drawings.
TYL Namba 1888