A METHOD OF DYING PAPER, CARD PAPER, AND WHITE LEATHER ON THE GRAIN SIDE, OF VARIOUS COLOURS, DIFFERENT IN QUALITY, SUPERIOR IN MANY RESPECTS TO ANY HITHERTO USED FOR THOSE PURPOSES
Year: 1770

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, CHARLES
FEARNE, of the Inner Temple, Loudon, and JAMES GRAY, of Saint Margaret's,
Westminster, Gentlemen, send greeting.
WHEREAS His most Excellent Majesty King George the Third did, by
His Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date the
Twenty-fifth day of January, in the tenth year of His reign, give and grant
unto us, the said Charles Fearne and James Gray, His especial licence, that
we, the said Charles Fearne and James Gray, during the term of years therein
expressed, should and lawfully might use, exercise, and vend, within England,
Wales, and Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, our Invention of "A METHOD OF
DYING PAPER, CARD PAPER, AND WHITE LEATHER ON THE GRAIN SIDE, OF VARIOUS
COLOURS, DIFFERENT IN QUALITY, SUPERIOR IN MANY RESPECTS TO ANY HITHERTO
USED FOR THOSE PURPOSES;" in which said Letters Patent there is contained a
provisoe obliging us, the said Charles Fearne and James Gray, under our
hands and seals, to cause a particular description of the nature of our said
Invention, and how the same is to be performed, to be iurolled in His
Majesty's High Court of Chancery within four calendar months after the
date of the said Letters Patent, as in and by the same (relation being
thereunto had) may more fully and at large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said provisoe, we, the said
Charles Fearne and James Gray, do hereby declare that our said Invention
of a Method of Dying Paper, Card Paper, and White Leather on the Grain
Side, of various Colours, different in Quality and Superior in many respects to

page_text: any hitherto used for those Purposes, is described in the manner following,
that is to say-
The colours for leathers are those following, to wit, red, blue, green, black,
with various shades of each. The reds are various, and are produced by a
tincture of carmine, by a tincture of cochineal and madder, or a tincture of
cochineal hightened by a solution of tin, or, lastly, from a decoction of Brazil
and allum in malt liquor. Blue is produced from a solution of indigo in oil of
vitriol. The green is an admixture of the blew with any yellow tincture at
pleasure. Blacks are produced from the blue added to a tincture of galls,
sumac, and campeachy wood, stricken black by tincture of steel or sal martis.
The colours for papers are all the above mentioned, prepared in the same
manner, together with yellow, purple, orange, brown, and their several inter-
mediate degrees of variation. Yellow is produced by a tincture of French berries
with saffron, as also by most of the yellow dyes now commonly used for those
purposes. Orange is produced by the admixture of the yellow with madder.
Purples are produced by the admixture of logwood with the blue tincture, or
from cochineal with sal martis or tincture of steel. Browns are obtained
from arnotto and Japan earth with galls and sal martis.
With respect to leathers, the method of application is to dip them on the
grain side so long and so often as may be found requisite for the depth of
colour desired. This is to be done in a flat pan or vessel capable of receiving
the leather extended therein with its grain side, on the liquor.
When dry,
they are to be washed with spunge and soap and water, and finished by
rubbing with dry flannel, except the blacks, which are to be oiled before
they are washed.
With respect to papers, they are to be procured from the mills unsized, and in
that state tenderly passed through the colouring liquor mixed with such a portion
of size as the intended degree of stiffness may require, which may be done
either by the hands or by a contrivance similar to that used in the paper mills
for sizing their paper, and is to be continued so long till the paper shall have
acquired the intended depth of colour; after which it is to be hung upon fine
horsehair lines or on glass tubes, and when the colour shall have become what
the dyers call sett, then it is to be passed through cold water and be hung up
to dry, after which it is to be pressed and polished according to the use for
which it may be intended. In the above applications the tinctures are to be
used hot or cold as may best suit the depth of colour required.
In witness whereof, we, the said Charles Fearne and James Gray, have
hereunto sett our hands and seals, this Twenty-fifth day of May, One
thousand cowon hundred and seventy
CHARLES FEARNE. (L.s.) JAMES GRAY. (L.B.)

page_text: AND BE IT REMEMBRED, that on the same Twenty-fifth day of
May, in the year aforesaid, the aforesaid Charles Fearne and James Gray
came before our said Lord the King in His Chancery, and acknowledged the
Specification aforesaid, and all and every thing therein contained, in form
above written. And also the Specification aforesaid was stampt according to
the tenor of the Statute made in the sixth year of the reign of the late King
and Queen William and Mary of England, and so forth.
Imrolled the aforesaid Twenty-fifth day of May, in the year above said.