IMPROVEMENTS IN OR RELATING PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION
Year: 1883

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Morgan, of Birmingham, in the County of
Warwick, Manufacturer for an Invention of IMPROVEMENTS IN OR RELATING
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Morgan at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 13th March 1883.
WILLIAM MORGAN, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Manufacturer,
"IMPROVEMENTS IN OR RELATING TO VELOCIPEDES AND APPLICABLE TO OTHER
VEHICLES
"
This Invention consists of improvements in or relating to the working parts of
tricycles and other such vehicles, and has especial reference to further improve-
ments upon or to be used in connection with those described in the Specification
of former Letters Patent granted to me dated 17 April 1882 N° 1812.
In the carrying out of my present invention in place of the ordinary chains in
present use in such vehicles, I make such chains of wire wound round and pressed
into form as in the manufacture of what are termed split rings, thereby securing
strenght with diminution of weight, and retaining the desired roller action.
The long links may be "jumped" of one thick wire once round, or formed with
"Newgate" links, or of thinner wire coiled, the round links connecting the long
links forming a roller are also made of wire coiled and pressed, or they may be
made of tube if preferred, the whole being case hardened or made of steel
hardened and tempered.
I also propose to use the round coiled and pressed links also as rollers for the
ordinary chain instead of tube rollers.
My present improvements also relate to the mode of making the Ball chains
described in the Specification of my said former Letters Patent, being an
application of the ball chain for keys to tricycles. The connecting wires are
headed and the ball is drawn over the ends of every two connecting wires. Also
to the mode of uniting the ends of the catgut wire or other substance in continuous
ball chains such as described in my said former specification. The catgut is
Prior 11

page_text: screwed into a steel taper nut slit longitudinally to allow the same to squeeze
tight together when pressure is exerted upon the chain, the cups screwed externally
and internally receiving and uniting the two ends of the catgut will be of other
substance being prepared to receive the said split nuts.
I use a split ring collar instead of nuts and washers to retain wheels or pulleys
in their places, the ends of the shaft being grooved and recessed to receive the
split ring collar with or without a flat split ring collar to take the wear of such
pulley or wheel. This improvement is applicable to any machinery where saving
of space is an object.
Further improvements having as their object to give strength and reduce weight,
consist in making the wheels upon which chains run, of sheet metal dished or
stamped or spun into shape-also in the use of wire screwed into or cast in the
Hub of wheels known as "Spider wheels" the periphery of such wheels being of
sheet metal pressed or rolled into the form to receive either the ordinary chain or
the ball chains hereinbefore referred to. The periphery of this wheel may also
be made of india rubber or other suitable substance, or of white metal with
depressions or the reverse to suit the form of chain laid into the sheet metal as a
tyre to prevent noise and friction. Also in the use of papier-maché or vulcanite
or other such composition to form the whole chain wheel complete in one piece
with internal teeth or otherwise. Also in making the teeth of internal and other
wheels of sheet metal pressed or rolled into proper shape and then bent to fit into
or around the wheels the object being to secure perfect truth in the teeth, saving
expense of cutting teeth, and reducing the weight. This improvement is also
applicable to other than tricycle wheels.
As regards the improved friction clutch to be used in the gearing described in
my said former Specification (or to other positions where such clutch is available)
I cause the parts to be drawn together by a cam of the desired form, having india
rubber or other substance to prevent shock when the wheels are thrown into gear.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said William Morgan in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
13th September 1883.
WILLIAM MORGAN of Birmingham in the County of Warwick Manufacturer..
IMPROVEMENTS IN OR RELATING TO VELOCIPEDES AND APPLICABLE TO OTHER
VEHICLES.
'
My Invention consists of improvements in, or relating to, the working parts of
tricycles and other such like wheeled vehicles; and my said invention has also
especial reference in part, to further improvements upon, or to be used in con-
nection with those described in the Specification of the Letters Patent granted to.
me bearing date the 17 day of April 1882 and numbered 1812.
In carrying out of the first part of my present invention, that is to say; that
part relating to chain for communicating or transmitting motion or force generated
in the pedal or crank-shaft, to the driving or travelling wheels of tricycles and other
wheeled vehicles; also for communicating motion for various other purposes.
I make that part of the chain constituting the roller links, of wire preferably of
a rectangular figure in cross section, the said wire is wound or coiled axially into
the figure or form of a roller, such roller forms the intervening connection between
the adjacent long links of the chain
The long links may be made either of wire coiled once round with their ends
closed or jumped together; or the said links may be made after the manner of what
are known as Newgate or crossed links, or they may be made of thinner wire.
coiled-The roller links when combined alternately with the long links described,.
they form the desired chain. If preferred the roller links may be inade of short
lengths of tubes instead of as before described; the whole of the links being case
hardened when made of iron, or when made of steel, hardened and tempered.
Chains made according to my invention have great strength, combined with
lightness, while the 'travelling of the chain communicates motion by rolling
contact.
I also propose to use the round coiled and pressed rollers, also as rollers for the
ordinary chain instead of tubé rollers.
My invention consists further to ball chain and consists in connecting the
spheres or balls of the chain by links consisting essentially of coiled wire; consti-
tuting spring-links, the terminal ends of the said spring-links, have heads formed
thereon and over which the open ends of the balls or spheres are closed or drawn.
To retain wheels or pulleys in their places, I use a split ring collar, instead of
nuts and washers as usual, the ends of the shaft being grooved or. recessed to
receive the said collar, this improvement is applicable to all machinery where saving.
of space is an object.
My invention consists further in making the wheels upon which chain travel
and engage, of sheet metal, corrugated, dished, stamped or spun into shape. Also
in the use of wire to form the spokes or radii supports for the said wheels, and
secured or cast in the hub of the wheels known as Spider wheels, the periphery of
such wheels being of sheet metal pressed rolled or coiled into the form to receive
either the ordinary chain or the ball chains hereinbefore referred to-Also in
making the teeth of internal and other wheels of sheet inetal pressed or rolled into
proper shape and then bent, to fit into or around the wheels, the object being to
secure perfect truth in the teeth, saving expense of cutting teeth, and reducing the
weight. This part of my invention being applicable to toothed wheels generally.
for transmitting motion.

page_text: My invention consists further in an improved friction clutch and dust proof
casing which is applicable to, or may be used with gearing described or to other
such like clutches-I cause the parts to be operated and drawn together by an
eccentric lever of the desired form
Having described the nature of the said invention I will now proceed to describe
with reference to the accompanying Drawings the manner in which my invention
may be performed
Figure 1 shows in plan (partly in horizontal section) Figure 2 side elevation
(partly in vertical section) chain gearing constructed according to my invention for
transmitting or communicating motion or force for various purposes-The other
figures 3 to 18 (inclusive) of the drawings represent modifications, and detached
views of chain gearing; also my improved roller chain applied as a roller bearing
for axles or shafts as represented at figure 19-The same letters of reference indicate
the same parts in figures 1 to 19 inclusive. a, a are hollow rollers, connecting the
adjacent or contiguous long links b, b; and when constructed and combined as
represented, they form a continuous length of chain for communicating or trans-
mitting motion or force, from the peripheries of wheels or drums by rolling contact-
The space or figure of the inside edges of the links, are squared or form perfect
rectangles for the free rotation of the connecting rollers -The hollow rollers
⚫ embracing the respective adjacent transverse ends of the said links are cylindrical
in cross section; and when moving against the inside concave surface of the rollers,
form rolling curves, so that on the chain travelling and taking upon proper shaped
teeth or projections on wheel peripheries for the transmission of force or motion,
the acting surfaces roll freely and smoothly in its course of travel, the outer
peripheries a² a² present rolling surfaces to the transverse ends 62 62 of the links bb;
and when in contact with wheel teeth or projections, roll externally upon the said
teeth or projections and internally a³ ³ upon the two cylindrical transverse
ends b2b of the long links bb; thus the chains travel and transmit motion by
contact of rolling curves; there is thereby produced, chain gearing in which the
motion resulting from the mutual action of the parts in contact produces no
irregular wearing of the acting parts on the free and uniform travelling of the
chain.
The hollow rollers a a may be made by coiling or winding round square or
rectangular wire or strips of metal into coils, after the manner of split rings, as
represented in figures 1 and 2. Or the said rollers may be made of short lengths of
tubing, with welded joints.
The long links b b, may be made either as shown in Figures 1 and 2, or they
may be made from half round wire as shown in figure 3, 63.63 are the joints of the
said figure.
Figure 4 is a modification of figure 3, the joints are arranged top and
bottom on the sides of the links, instead of at one end.
Figure 5 shows two half round links arranged so as to break joint, the same as
in figure 6 where double links are used.
Or the links bb may be made by coiling parallel layers of flat wire as hereinafter
shown in figure 13.
Figure 7 shows a modification of the first described link, the contour of the
link is followed by the internal surface of the hollow roller, while the periphery of
the roller edges are flat..
Figure 8 shows another modification in which circular instead of long links are
used, the internal surface of the rollers following the links curvature.
Figure 9 represents in end elevation and cross section a double roller situated
concentrically one within the other; the links passing through the inner one. a is
the outside and a' is the inside roller.
.
upon
My invention consists further in constructing chain for transmitting motion as
in figure 10; c is a swivelling joint or centre, having an enlarged boss c²,
which the rollers a revolve. The links e e turn upon, and are connected by the
necks cc of the centre axis c. The flat links e e, are composed of a series of flat
wire coils or strips arranged in parallel layers as represented in figures 13 and 14.

page_text: Or
The link after being first coiled and brazed tinned welded or galvanized as in
figure 13, which is compressed into shape as in figure 14. In order to give an
inside wearing surface to the said links, a steel lining or bush f is inserted.
the links may be made of round wire and twisted as in figure 14. Figure 16
shows a link made from flat wire; the body part of which is welded or brazed.
Figure 11 is another method of building up or constructing chain for gearing.
The roller a is enclosed by side links e e; pins or axes g g pass both through. the
hollow roller a, and through the respective eyes of the links e e, and terminating
in side washers or plates h h into which the said ends of the pins or axes take, and
are rivetted. The said plates h h form lateral supports for connecting the parts of
the chain together. The roller a can freely rotate, while the connecting links turn
upon their joints. By the above construction of chain, perfectly parallel and
square angles are preserved for the free movement of the roller or rollers of the
said chain; thus giving the links equal width to take upon the teeth or cogs on
the wheels.
The chain figure 12 has rollers turning upon the ends of the link itself, the said
rollers form no means of connection between the adjacent links, but only serve as
antifriction surfaces for the free running of the chain, while at the same time
diminishing friction.
The connecting links are disposed on either side of the rollers, as represented ;
a the roller, e e the main link, and h h the connecting plates.
Or I construct chain for the purposes described, as shown in figure 17. This
form of chain travels upon the peripheries of wheels or drums, the hemispherical
or conical formed heads on either side the said chain take into suitably
shaped depressions, arranged at equal distances àpart, or between V shaped franges
on the peripheries of the drums or pulleys as represented at figure 17ª the chain
acts upon the pulley by binding contact alone. The said heads form the terminal,
ends of the shanks kk, which pass through the loops of the flat twisted wire
forming links as shown in the said figure 17. The respective ends of the link
being divided at one end while the other end forms the central part of the adjacent
link.
My improvements consist further in constructing (figure 18) ball chain by
connecting the spheres of the said chain by lengths of coiled wire, constituting
spring or yielding links, the said yielding links slightly expand or yield, on the
running of the chain; the chain is thereby capable of accomodating itself to any
irregularities either in the hemispherical depressions in the pulley, or to any undue
strain being put upon the driving mechanism; m m are the spheres nn, are
yielding links as described.
Figure 19 represents my new or improved roller chain as described in the first
part of my invention applied to the bearings of axles and shafts. The said
figure 19 shows its application to a bicycle or tricycle bearing; a a are hollow
conical rollers, bb are connecting links, O is the spindle or axis, and p is the case
or frame for containing the said antifriction roller chain bearing. The links bb
keep the rollers at their proper distances apart on the rotation of the axis or
shaft o
Figure 194 is a cross section of the bearing figure 19:-showing the conical.
rollers arranged around the axle o; the rollers are adjusted to the axle on the
wearing away of the parts by screw caps on the face of the frame p, which presses
the rollers forward up the cone face p², thereby adjusting the rollers to the axle.
I will now describe that part of my invention relating to the construction of.
driving pulley wheels or drums, upon which driving chains run.
The sheet metal periphery q, with the equal distant depressions q² formed in it
for the rollers of the chain to work in, is supported by radiating wire spokes r ;
the terminal ends of which take into holes or depressions 2 formed in the hub;
the said spokes are kept in their places in the said hub, by a plate, the tube r*,
forms the spoke end support or enclosing ring; while the end of the tube 25 is
closed over the securing plate ³ ³ on both sides thereof; securely connecting the

page_text: parts together. The folded protruding end 76 form teeth or projections, for the
links of the chain to. take upon, and pass through openings in the sheet metal
periphery as shown in edge view Figure 21; and figure 20 is a front elevation of
the same. Figure 23 shows in cross section, the hub of the wheel; figure 22 also
the same in longitudinal section, with the hooked ends 7 of the spokes or wires in
the recesses or holes 72.
Or instead of the wire spokes or arms 'r, being connected to the hub in the way
before described, the said arms may be cast or screwed in the hub of the wheel or
pulley The periphery and the whole of the parts of the wheel are connected
together, by being galvanized or tinned.
Figure 24 shows a method of producing the combined rim, and engaging teeth
or projections out of sheet metal, raised or fashioned in any convenient way, the
said figure shows a rim having both internal and external teeth-s is the external
combined rim and teeth; and 82 is the internal, the teeth 8 may be used either to
gear with other toothed wheel or wheels, or.it may be used with chain gearing;
while the toothed annulas or wheel, gears with pinions only; the parts 8, 82
are galvanized or brazed and connected together by rivets 83 at intervals as
represented.
Figures 25, 26 and 27 represent an improved method of retaining wheels and
pullies in their places, on shafts and axles. t is the shaft, t2 is an annular groove
or depression formed therein, t³ is a slot or passage running from the end of the
shaft into the groove 2; by starting the point to, figure 26, in the groove or
passage t³ figure 27 and by then rotating the coil or split ring collar t, a sufficient
number of times, the whole of its coils or helixes, are threaded or wound into the
groove t² as represented in figure 25
-
By the above arrangement I dispense with the use of nuts and washers ordinarily
employed
My improvements as represented in figures 28, 29, 30, 31 and 32 consists lastly
in Friction Clutches or brakes, and in covers or cases connected, and used with
such like clutches in general.
The clutch or brake consists essentially of two half rings or collars u u³,
embracing an axle or shaft us to which it is to be applied, the said half rings are
forcibly drawn or contracted upon the shaft by a band or wire wound twice or
more times round the peripheries of the two half rings with the terminal ends
u, u attached to the eccentric lever u³. On pressing the lever in the direction of
the arrow, the coil u* draws together forcibly the half rings u u2 upon the surface
of the shaft u³. The dust proof casing protects the acting parts from dust or
dirt, and other matters, likely to affect the proper working thereof-The casing
entirely encircles the clutch or brake mechanism, only leaving sufficient openings
either for the passage of the band or rope figure 28, or for the passage there-.
through, of the axis 2 figure 29; or that represented in figure 30-Figure 31
shows another form of casing (stationary) having a slot or opening w for the
traversing of the.fork axis for working the clutch and parts encased therein.
Figure 32 shows another form of casing in which the axis rotates therein instead
of traversing a slot as in figure 31, the casing is divided and hinged as at w³, for
facility in covering up the parts described
Having now described the nature of my Invention, and the manner in which
the same is to be performed I wish it to be understood that I Claim as my
Invention of Improvements in or relating to the working parts of velocipedes and
other wheeled vehicles, and for other like purposes.
First. Constructing chain for the transmission of motion or force of a series of
long links, cylindrical in cross section, and having perfectly square or rectangular
inner sides or edges; the transverse ends of the adjacent links being connected
together by hollow rollers, which when combined with the said links form rolling
curves or surfaces on the inside or enclosed ends of the links for the transmission
of motion by rolling contact; whether the hollow rollers be constructed of wire
coiled as represented in figures 1 and 2; or be formed of welded rings. The chain

page_text: being constructed working and operating in the ways described and represented in
figures 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9 of the accompanying drawings.
Secondly. The general arrangement or combination of the parts of rolling
chain for the transmission of motion or force and acting and working in the ways
as described and represented in figures 10, 11, 12 and 13 of the drawings.
Thirdly. Constructing chain for working drums or wheels, with equi-distant
depressions on their rims; of twisted strands of wire, constituting links; which
are connected to each other, by pins, the ends of which form hemispherical or
conical studs, which take into the depressions or held in V grooves on the wheel
peripheries as represented in figure 17.
Fourthly. Constructing the intervening links between the adjacent spheres of
ball chain of helical coils of wire for the purposes set forth as described and shown
in figure 18 of the drawings.
Fifthly. Forming hollow rollers and links for the purposes set forth of a series
of layers of wire wound one upon another, whether the said links be open or
closed; which said links are afterwards galvanized, brazed, tinned or welded as
desired, also lining the layers of the links with steel linings or bushes, for the
purpose described and shown in the drawings, figures 13, 14, 15 and 16.
Sixthly
Constructing antifriction bearings for shafts and axles of a series of
rollers and links. arranged and combined as as described and shown in figures 19
and 194 of the drawings
Seventhly. Constructing arranging and combining wheels as described and
represented in figures 20, 21, 22 and 23 of the drawings.
Eighthly. Constructing or forming toothed wheels of sheet metal, whether the
said wheels be used double as in figure 24, or be used single as inside or outside
teeth attached to a a supporting or supplementary ring
Ninthly. Affixing wheels or drums on their shafts by attaching collars or
flanges to the said shafts, also in affixing collars alone to shafts for various
purposes, in the way described and shown in figures 25, 26 and 27 of the
drawings.
Tenthly. The general arrangement or combination of the parts of clutch
mechanism as represented in figure 28 of the drawings.
Lastly. The use of casings or coverings for protecting clutch mechanism from
dust, or other matters likely to affect the working thereof, as combined and
arranged as described and represented in figures 28, 29, 30, 31 and 32 of the
accompanying drawings.
In Witness whereof, I, the said William Morgan, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this eleventh day of September, in the year of our Lord one thousand
eight hundred and eighty three
Witness
HENRY SKERRETT
6 Livery Street
Birmingham
WILLIAM MORGAN (L.S.)