AN IMPROVED METHOD OR METHODS OF DISTRI- BUTING OVER LAND LIQUIDS AND SUBSTANCES IN A LIQUID OR FLUID STATE, AND CERTAIN IMPROVED APPARATUS AND MACHINERY EMPLOYED THEREIN
Year: 1848

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, GEORGE
COODE, of Haydock Park, in the County of Lancaster, Esquire, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her present most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Royal Letters Patent under the Great Seal of the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, bearing date at Westminster, the Eleventh day of March,
One thousand eight hundred and forty-eight, in the eleventh year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said George Coode, my exors, admors, and assigns, Her especial licence, full
power, sole privilege and authority, that I, the said George Coode, my exors,
adiñors, and assigns, or such others as I, the said George Coode, my exors,
adñiors, or assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time
to time and at all times during the term of years therein expressed, should
and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within England, Wales, and
the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, and in the Islands of Jersey, Guernsey,
Alderney, Sark, and Man, and in all Her said Majesty's Colonies and Plan-
tations abroad, my Invention of "AN IMPROVED METHOD OR METHODS OF DISTRI-
BUTING OVER LAND LIQUIDS AND SUBSTANCES IN A LIQUID OR FLUID STATE, AND
CERTAIN IMPROVED APPARATUS AND MACHINERY EMPLOYED THEREIN;" in which
Letters Patent is contained a proviso, that'I, the said George Coode, shall

page_text: cause a particular description of the nature of my said Invention, and in
what manner the same is to be performed, by an instrument in writing under
my hand and seal, to be inrolled in Her said Majesty's High Court of Chancery
within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said in
part recited Letters Patent, as in and by the same, reference being thereunto
had, will more fully and at large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
George Coode, hereby declare that the nature of the said Invention, and in
what manner the same is to be performed, are fully described in and by the
present Specification thereof, reference being had to the Drawings hereunto
annexed, that is to say:-
My said Invention consists in a readier and cheaper method or methods
than any now in ordinary use of distributing, with uniformity and with as little
violence as may be, liquids and substances in a liquid and fluent state, such as
water, the drainage of towns, liquified manures, &c., over land, whether in a
state of cultivation or otherwise, as roads, parks, &c., and in certain improved
apparatus and machinery by which the said object is carried into effect.
I use for the purposes of my Invention a distributor, which is of three
several varieties, called the parallel, the radial, and the diametral, but are all
constructed to a certain extent in the same way and on the same general
principles. The apparatus in every case consists of two main parts: first, a
delivery pipe, which is a long tube, perforated all over or in certain parts only
with holes for the delivery of the liquid or liquid matter, and which is made
either of some rigid material, as metal or wood, or of some flexible fabric, as
canvas, enclosed in a rigid framework or cradle; and, second, of a flexible
hoso for feeding the delivery pipe. When the pipe is of metal or of other
substance, even and smooth on the inside, it is made of a strictly conical shape
from the feeding place to its end; but when the delivery pipe is of wood, or
of any substance absorbent, rough, or unequal on the interior surface, the
friction of the liquid, or liquid substance on the inside of the tube, must be
compensated by a proportionate enlargement of the tube towards the feeding
end. Thus, in a tube of pine wood twenty-four feet in length, intended to
deliver a stream of two inches in diameter, it is necessary that the cone should
be of about three inches in diameter between the feeding point and the first
perforation for delivery.
The sum of the sectional areas of the perforations for delivery must always
be equal to at least or never exceed the sectional area of the volume of liquid
or liquid substance to be supplied to the tube.

page_text: In this case the delivery pipe is moved in a direction at right angeles to its
axis, and is pierced with perforations of equal dimensions placed at equal
distances. For more convenient motion the tube may be placed on two
wheels, of which the tube itself when rigid, and its framework when flexible,
may serve as the axle. One wheel should be placed near the feeding end of
the tube, and should be a little stronger than the other, on account of the extra
weight which it has to bear, and the other wheel may be most conveniently
placed at about one-third of the length of the tube from the other extremity.
The latter wheel should be moveable, so as to be placed at various distances
from the first to accommodate the ridges or other divisions of the land over
which the liquid or liquid substance is to be diffused. There are two modes
in which this parallel distributor may be supplied from the hose.
In the first mode, the hose is made in convenient lengths, say, forty yards
each, having at their several ends respectively male and female union screw
joints, and the pieces are laid in succession on the surface to be watered, and
in the direction in which the apparatus is to be moved, in the double bent form
represented in Figure 1 of the Drawings annexed; one end of the hose being
connected with the tank, reservoir, pump, or other source of supply by one of
the joints, say, the female screw; the other end is attached by its male joint
to the feeding end of the distributor, which carries a female joint. The dis-
tributor being moved forward, drags with it the end of the hose, until the whole
is pulled out straight into the position represented in Figure 2, when a com-
pressor is put on it to prevent the further outflow of the liquid, and to enable
the hose to be detached from the distributor, and connected with another joint
of hose laid as before, and which in its turn is connected with the distributor.
The compresser being taken off the first hose, the liquid flows through the
second to the distributor, which proceeds as before, and so on, toties quoties.
When the distributor has traversed the whole length of the field or surface to
be watered, it is brought back along the other side of the lengths of hose,
dragging them successively into the original position in which they were laid,
and being successively detached from them.
The compressor, which has been spoken of, may be made either of the form
represented in Figure 3, or of that shewn in Figure 4. In Figure 3 it con-
sists of strong wire twisted into a rectangular form, with one end a returned
or nearly so to one of the shorter sides of the rectangle, so as to hold fast a
tongue 6, of similar wire, but of twice the strength, which turns in the opposite

page_text: short side of the rectangle. The other form of compressor (Figure 4), which
is more fit for cases where the liquid or liquid substance in the hose is under
great pressure, consists of two metal jaws, hinged together, and capable of
being brought tightly together by means of a screw s.
The second mode in which the parallel distributor may be supplied from the
hose is as follows:-The delivery pipe carries, either on itself as an axis, or by
arms fastened to it, a reel; round this reel a coil of hose (say of thirty-six yards
in length) is wound, one end of this coiled hose being permanently connected
with the delivery pipe, and the other carrying (say) the female screw of the
union joint. With this parallel distributor I use a hose to supply it, made in
pieces of any convenient length (say. of two hundred yards), furnished at their
ends with union joints. At intervals, equal to the length of the hose coiled
on the reel, there are T. pieces, furnished with male or female, screws, as the
case may be, and at each T.joint there is placed a compressor. The distri-
butor being, brought in succession to each T joint, and the coiled hose attached
to it, the liquid or liquid substance flows through the coil into the implement,.
which is then moved on towards the next T joint, the coil unreeling as it
advances. When the coil is unreeled, and the implement arrives at another. T
joint, the compressor is placed over the last T joint, the coil detached from it,.
and gathered up and again wound round the reel, which is now connected with
the second T joint, near which the implement stands, and the compressor being
taken off the first T joint, the implement is moved on as before, and so on;
toties quoties. The coil is made of sailcloth or other strong fabric sewed into a
tube. A line is inserted in the seam of less length than the fabric, so that the
tube is shortened on the side of the seam, which gives a circular form to the
coil when distended with liquid, and causes it to cling to the reel. The gathering
up of the coil is effected by taking up its detached end and fastening it to a
separate reel, the axis of which is placed on wheels. This reel, being rolled
towards the implement, gathers up the coil. When it has arrived at the place
of the implement the coil may be wound off upon the reel of the implement,
or the reels may be so made as to replace each other, with the coil carried

page_text: is supported at its feeding end by a pivot moving in a tripod. At a convenient
distance towards the other end it is supported by a piyot moving in a carriage
with two wheels, which turn like the fore wheels of a carriage, and may be
moved by a rod in the hand of the workman into a position either parallel to
the tube or at right angles to it, as may be required, in moving it tangentially,.
or parallel to its axis.
The hose to supply this radial distributor is provided with, T joints, as before:
described, but the T.joints are placed in this case at the distance of twice the:
length of the tube, less the versed sine of 60°, the tube being the railius. The
tube being turned round, the T joint will describe a circle, but each.circle will
overlay a portion of each adjoining circle. To prevent a double distribution,
at the points of, intersection the passage of the liquid is stopped by either.of
the following means:-When the tube consists of a flexible substance, such.
as canvas, the tube itself is compressed on the outside, by means of a wheel
moving in a block fastened to an arm placed parallel to the bottom of the tube,;
which block and wheel may be pulled, to or pushed from the feeding end by,
means of a line and pulley. When the tube is of rigid material; a ball valve
is placed inside the tube, playing within the whole distance from the extremity:
of the versed sine of 60°, the tube being the radius, and through the ball a
pulley line is passed, by which it may be moved to and fro in that. space.
THE DIAMETRAL DISTRIBUTOR.
י . י
J.
The delivery pipe in this caso is placed at the middle on a standard, and
moves on it as the diameter or double radius of a circle. It covers a circle in
one half revolution. It is pierced with perforations, increasing from the middle
to both extremities in number or sectional area as the square of the distance.
The standard consists of a hollow tube, moving by a telescope joint.in another,
which carries the screw (say, the female screw, of the union joint). The
standard is fixed in a carriage similar to a wheelbarrow.
The hose is similar to that used with the radial distributor, but the T joints
are at the distance of one diameter, less the versed sine of 60°, the tube
being the diameter. To prevent double distribution, at the intersections of
the circles the passage of the stream of liquid is controlled in the same way
as is described in the case of the radial distributor.
...
And having now described the nature of my said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be used, I declare that I make no claim to the
use of the pipes or hose, or any one of the other parts of the apparatus
or machinery before described, as being in and by itself substantially new,

page_text: excepting as is herein-after excepted; but that what I claim is, the distri-
buting of liquids and substances in a liquid and fluent state by means of the
three several arrangements and combinations of apparatus and machinery
before described, one or other, or all of them, and according to the peculiar
method or methods also before described. And that I claim also the use of
conical delivery tubes, and of hose for coiling round reels, both constructed as
before described, for the distribution of liquids and liquid substances, whatever
may be the method or methods according to which the same are employed.
And such my Invention being, to the best of my knowledge and belief,
entirely new, and never before used within that part of Her said Majesty's
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland called England, Her said
Dominion of Wales, or Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, or the Islands
Jersey, Guernsey, Alderney, Sark, and Man, or in any of Her said Majesty's
Colonies and Plantations abroad, I do hereby declare this to be my Specifica-
tion of the same, and that I do verily believe this my said Specification doth
comply in all respects, fully and without reserve or disguise, with the proviso
in the said herein-before in part recited Letter's Patent contained; where-
fore I do hereby claim to maintain exclusive right and privilege-to my said
Invention.
In witness whereof, I, the said George Coode, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Eleventh day of September, in the year of our
GEORGE (L.S.) 'COODE.
AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the Eleventh day of September, in
the year of our Lord 1848, the aforesaid George Coode came before our
said Lady the Queen in Her Chancery, and acknowledged the Specification
aforesaid, and all and every thing therein contained and specified, in form
above written. And also the Specification aforesaid was stamped according
to the tenor of the Statute made for that purpose.
Enrolled the Eleventh day of September, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and forty-eight..