Improvements in Apparatus for Reducing Materials of Fibrous Nature.
Year: 1898

page_text: Date of Application, 17th Dec., 1898-Accepted, 21st Jan., 1899
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Apparatus for Reducing Materials of Fibrous
Nature.
I, JULIUS WÜSTENHÖFER, of Hagen, Westfalia, Germany, Merchant, do hereby
declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-
-
My invention relates to improvements in so called pendulum mills and it has
for its object to make these mills fit for reducing fibrous material, such as rags
for paper making, die wood and the like.
In order to answer these purposes the well known pendulum mills, such as the
Huntington mill, the Griffin mill and others, which all work with one or more
smooth rollers, suspended in an universal joint above a trough or casing, generally
fitted out with a hardened mill ring having also a smooth surface, and against
which the roller works and exerts a squeezing or crushing action upon the
roller
material, cement, quartz coming between it and the mill ring, I use a
provided with cutter tools and instead of a smooth mill ring, I provide the casing
with similar cutting appliances. In all those mills known hitherto the roller also
rolls along the mill ring in proportion to its circumference and to the speed given
it by the pendulum shaft it can not be carried along the inner circumference of the
mill-trough slower or faster than at the speed corresponding to its own rotation
and its circumference.
Now my improvements in these pendulum mills, which form the subject of this
application, enable the new machine to reduce fibrous material, so that it will be
fit for paper making like a rag engine and with slight modifications in the mill
roller alone it can be used for reducing die wood. These new manners of using
the new mill make it sometimes desirable that the speed of the roller or rollers
be made changeable and independent of the speed given them by their rolling
action along the circumference of the milltrough, and I have therefore also pro-
vided means for attaining this object.
On the accompanying drawing I have shown my new mill in various manners
of execution and for different modes of working.
Fig. 1 is a vertical central section through a mill, the roller shown in outside
view,
Fig. 2 is a plan of Fig. 1 partly in section;
Fig. 3 shows a modification of the roller adjusting device;
Fig. 4 shows in detail a longitudinal and a cross section of the cutter roller
with straight knives;
Fig. 5 shows a cutter roller with circular knives, partly in outside view, partly
in section;
Fig. 6 shows at top view of Figure 5 partly in section;
Fig. 7 is a detail view of a toothed knife for the mill trough;
Fig. 8 is a vertical section of a mill with a guide pulley for the cutter roller con-
trolling the speed of the latter;

page_text: Top view of rig. o;
Fig. 10 shows a vertical section of a modified construction of carrying the
guide pulley;
Fig. 11 is a vertical section of a further modification, arranged for several
mill rollers;
Fig. 12 is a view of the upper pulley of the mill in plan.
In all my mills the mill trough A, is provided at its inner surface with straight
cutter tools B, of conical or wedge shaped form, arranged in sets as
seen from
Figs. 1, 2 and 8; these knives rest on a shoulder C, a few inches above the bottom
of the trough A. They are held down vertically by the inward flange D, of the
ring E, which is bolted to the trough A, by outside flanges E¹. Against these
knives or cutters B, works the roller H, on the pendulum shaft G, which is
suspended by means of a universal joint F, to the short shaft J, of the driving
pulley J held in suitable height above the trough between suitable bearings J.
The roller H, provided at its circumference with straight knives K (Fig. 4),
and it will thus be understood, that when the roller H rolls along the inner circum-
ference of the trough, the knives B and K, act upon each other or upon the material
coming between them like the cutters in a rag engine.
In order however that the knives do not grind against each other, means must
be provided to prevent this, and for this purpose I have arranged an adjusting
ring L, having a tapering or conical inner surface and against this ring bears a
guide roller M, keyed in a corresponding height upon the pendulum shaft G. The
roller M, thus hinders a too close approaching of the mill roller towards the
knives H, in the trough A.
The distance however within which this approach of the mill roller towards the
knives B, can be allowed is made variable by the following device. As will be
seen from Figs. 1 and 8 the ring L, is suspended on bolts L', which are screwed and
pass through a nut L2, in the top cover Y, of the trough. There are three such
spindles L, arranged and each of them is provided outside of the cover Y, with
a pinion N', gearing into a wheel N, so that when one of them is turned round by
means of a hand wheel N, all three are turned simultaneously, the wheel Ni,
transmitting the movement, and thus it will be seen that when the ring L, is raised
or lowered the roller H, is allowed to come closer to the circumference of the
trough A or it is held further away from it.
Instead of the straight knives K, the mill roller may be provided with circular
toothed knives K', as shown in Figs. 5 and 6 and in this case I use, by preference,
also toothed knives, like the one shown in Fig. 7 K². This is recommended when
the mill is used for cutting die wood.
Above and below the mill roller screwed stirrers Q, may be arranged; they serve
for stirring up material, which may have a tendency to settle to the ground.
I further provide the shaft G, at its lower end, below the mill roller with a
guide roller R. This has for its object to bear against a sort of a hub S,
arranged in the bottom of the trough, so that the mill roller shaft can not hang
quite perpendicularly and that it will always by itself fly outwards, as soon as it is
turned quick enough.
An outlet P, is arranged at the bottom of the trough for emptying the same of
its contents and a feeding hopper 0, is provided at the upper side of the cover Y.
Fig. 3 shows a modified arrangement of the adjusting ring L' and its correspond-
ing guide pulley M. Here the ring L2 instead of being suspended on bolts L' is
cast together with the wheel N2, and is placed outside and around of the neck Y', i
of the cover Y, upon a shoulder Y2, of this neck; this shoulder Y2, forms a screw
thread and with it corresponds the shape of the bearing surface of the wheel N².
so that when this is turned as in the first case, it will be raised correspondingly and
with it the ring L³.
Fig-8 and 9 show a mill working on the same principle as the one described 5
before, the only difference in its construction being a special guide pulley c, carry-
ing a guide block d, between suitable guides so that the block can move freely in

page_text: a radial direction, but is hindered from making an other movement; these guides
are cast together with the bottom e, of this pulley and a set screw f, is arranged to
determine the greatest outward flight of the mill roller. The pulley c, is held
and guided centrally upon a bolt b, which is fixed in a pillar a, rising centrally
from the bottom of the trough A. In all other respects this mill is similar to
the one described before.
The roller shaft G, however being carried in the pulley c, which is driven
independently from and either slower or quicker than the pully J', is taken round
by this pulley e, independently of the rolling motion along the circumference of
the trough A, and it therefore makes a sliding movement besides the revolving
movement on the circumference of the trough A, and this sliding movement may
have the effect of drawing in the material, when it revolves quicker than it would
by the mere rolling motion given it by the shaft G, or it may retard the crushing
effect upon the material to be worked upon, when it revolves slower than the
rotation given it by the shaft G.
The modification shown by Fig. 10 corresponds to the one just described in the
main parts. The pulley c, however in this case, instead of being carried on a
bolt b, around which it turns is held centrally round the neck Y³ of the cover of
the milltrough; antifriction balls m, being arranged in suitable grooves n, of the
neck in the oblique flange c¹, of the pulley e, in order to reduce as much as
possible the friction of the pulley c, when it is turned round Y³.
Through the central boss c², of this pulley c, is stuck and keyed fast therein a
spindle y, which at the bottom is guided in a suitable step g' and upon which are
keyed the stirrers or wings g², which stir up the floating material in the trough.
Between the ring E, and the cover Y, may be arranged a circular channel shaped
grease collector h, to prevent oil dropping down into the trough from the ring L.
In all other respects and also in its mode of working this arrangement is the
same as that described before and shown in Fig. 8.
Figures 11-12 show a further modification of my new pendulum mill, in which
the pendulum shaft of the cutter rollers instead of being suspended at some over-
head fixture, is suspended in the pulley c, itself. It also differs from the pre-
ceding mill in this, that two rollers H, are arranged instead of only one; the
shafts G, of these rollers are guided in bushes o, which have laterally projecting
pins p, by means of which they are movably supported in bearings q, standing on
the bottom disk of the pulley c; a suitable slot in this disk thereby allowing the
roller and its shaft to swing in and out in radial direction; the upper part of the
bushes o, is cup shaped so that the collars r, which are keyed upon the shafts G,
supporting these and resting on the bushes can be conveniently lubricated.
There being two or more rollers arranged in this mill, the spindle g, with its
stirring wings g², can be done away with. In all other respects this mill resembles
the one shown in Figure 10 and described above,
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is:
1. A pendulum mill consisting of a trough A, in which knives B, are arranged
at its inner circumference and held fast therein by an inward oblique flange D,
of a ring E, bolted to the trough a, by means of flanges E¹, said ring carrying
a top cover Y, and of a roller H, provided with cutter knives K, said roller being
keyed upon a shaft G, suspended by means of an universal joint F, to a driving
shaft J, of a pulley J, and carried in bearings J2, the whole as described and
illustrated and for the purpose set forth.
2 In combination with a pendulum mill as specified in Claim One an adjusting
device for controlling the approach of the mill roller H, towards the cutter
knives B, in the mill trough A, and consisting of a conical ring L, suspended on
screw bolts L', passing through nuts L2, in the top cover Y, and which can be
raised and lowered simultaneously by means of a hand wheel N, pinions N¹, and a

page_text: wheel N2, and of a guide pulley M, keyed upon shaft G, and bearing against the
inner conical surface of the ring L, the whole as described and illustrated and for
the purpose set forth.
3. In combination with a pendulum mill as specified in Claim One, the modified
adjusting device (Fig. 3) for limiting the approach of the mill roller H, towards
the cutter knives B, in the mill trough A, and consisting of a ring L², cast together
with a wheel N2, said ring and wheel resting on a shoulder Y of the neck Y of
the cover Y, the shoulder. Y, and the corresponding adjacent surface of the ring
and wheel being made screw shaped, so that when the wheel is turned round it will
be raised or lowered according to the direction of the turning, the whole as described
and illustrated and for the purpose set forth.
4. In a pendulum mill as specified in Claim One in place of the straight, cutter
knives K, in the mill roller H, the arrangement of circular saw shaped knives K'.
and toothed knives K², in place of the straight knives B, in the mill trough the
whole as described and illustrated and for the purpose set forth (Figs. 5, 6 and 7).
5. In combination with a pendulum mill as specified in Claim One a guide
pulley c, turning on a spindle 6, keyed to and held in a central pillar a, rising from
the bottom of the trough A, said pulley carrying a guide block d, for the roller
shaft G, to pass through, so as to allow the latter to swing out radially but being
compelled to move round with the pulley e, the whole as described and illustrated
and for the purpose set forth (Figs. 8 and 9).
6. In a pendulum mill as specified in Claims One and Five the modifications con-
sisting in this, that the neck Y3 of the cover Y, is provided with grooves n, carry-
ing antifriction balls m, serving to carry the pulley c, by an oblique flange c',
and that to the central nave 2 of the pulley c, a spindle g, is keyed fast guided at
the bottom in a step and turning round with the pulley and having wings g
fixed thereto, the whole as described and illustrated and for the purpose set forth
(Figure 10).
7. In a pendulum mill as specified in Claims 1 and 5 the modification consisting
in this, that one or more mill rollers are arranged, the shafts G, of which instead
of being suspended to an overhead fixture are held on the pulley e, by bushes o
and laterally projecting pins p. carried in bearings q, fixed to the bottom disk of
the pulley c, collars 7, holding the shafts G, in a vertical direction on the cup
shaped top of the bosses o, the whole as described and illustrated and for the
purpose set forth.
Tel
1000
JULIUS WÜSTENHOFER,
Per Karl J. Mayer,
Agent.