Improvements in Making Pulleys and Wheels.
Year: 1892

page_text: Date of Application, 30th Mar., 1892
Complete Specification Left. 22nd Sept., 1892-Accepted, 22nd Oct., 1892
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Making Pulleys and Wheels.
1 AUGUST LUDWIG SCHMIDT of Düsseldorf, Rhenish Prussia Germany,
Manufacturer do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
-
This invention relates to a new method of making driving pulleys for belt and
rope gearing and of carriage and other wheels which rotate round a rotating or a
fixed shaft or axle and being either driven by a strap or belt, a rope or a chain
running over the circumference of the pulley from another similar pulley, or being
itself the driving element or serving for carrying a load on any suitable vehicle,
that is as a cart wheel for road or railway transport, or serving merely as
regulator such as a fly wheel of a machine.
28
My invention is intended to replace all those elements of machinery where on a
central nave or boss arms or spokes are fitted radially which are surrounded by a
circular rim or felloes of wood or metal.
Such wheels and pulleys with arms or spokes are generally made of cast iron,
sometimes the boss or nave only is cast and the arms and the rim are made of
wrought iron and rivetted or screwed together, in exceptional cases, as for railway
carriages for instance, they are made solid, without spokes and cast in one piece, or
instead of the spokes the space between the boss and the rim is filled out with hard
pressed paper.
1
دو
Now according to my new process of making pulleys and wheels, I do away with
the spokes and arms altogether and instead of casting the same, I only use wrought
iron in form of plates and out of them I form the pulleys and wheels by pressing
the plates into suitable shape, thus making the boss, the "arms or rather the disk
part in their place and the felloes or the rim all in one piece, or where it may be
found desirable, I fix to such a pressed plate forming the base or fundamental part.
of a wheel or pulley but having only a central hole cut out instead of the boss
formed thereon a cast iron boss and a rim of large width and depth separately,
according to the requirements and the purpose for which the article is intended.
Thus, to make an ordinary pulley for a belt I use a round disk of wrought iron
or steel plate having a small central hole cut out, I put it in a press having a round
piston the diameter of which is equal to the diameter of the pulley to be formed
less the double thickness of the plate and a matrice of exactly the outside diameter
of the pulley; the diameter of the plate being larger than the diameter of the pulley
by the double width of the rim of the pulley. When the metal of the plate is
tough enough, the pulley may be pressed cold, otherwise the plate must be made
red hot.
Where the boss is to be pressed to the pulley at the same time, a counter piston
of the width of the bore of the boss is placed in the middle of the matrice and a
corresponding hole is made in the upper piston, the key way may be formed in the
boss at the same time.
Where instead of the wrought iron boss a cast iron boss is used the hole in the
middle of the plate is cut out to fit on the outside of the boss which is provided
with a flange to which the flat disc part is then rivetted or bolted.
In order to make the rim of the pulley spherical it is put into a lathe and
pressed, not turned, into the proper shape.
When broad pulleys are required a separate rim may be put round the body
and fixed thereto by countersunk rivets or bolts with countersunk heads, and for
making very large pulleys two pressed pulleys are fixed to the flange of the boss
at opposite sides and the rim is then put over these two and fixed thereto in a
similar manner as before.

page_text: Split-pulleys may be made according to my process by cutting a whole pulley in
two halves fixing these to a half boss each and holding them together by angle
irons at the rim and coupling plates on the disc part; or by pressing half pulleys in
the same way as the whole ones are pressed but having a straight flange running
diametrically and joining both halves together by bolts put through the central
flanges.
In making cone pulleys I press three, four or more single pulleys of the different
diameters desired; the largest one I fix to the flange of the boss as before and the
intermediate sizes I put on the boss so that the edge of the rim of each bears
against the disc part of the next larger sheaf and the smallest one I fix to the face
of the boss, screwing it so tight, that all the intermediate sizes are firmly pressed:
against each other and forming thus a complete cone; for security sake two or
more bolts may be put through the set to hold them together.
:
For making wheels I again press a similar shaped body as the plain pulley first
described, but having the rim not wholly bent at right angle to the disc part and
giving this part a corrugated form. Two of such fundamental parts are fixed to
a boss or nave of a wheel and they are held together also in the middle and a felloe
piece of suitable radial depth is put round the circumference to form. the rim of the
wheel. This rim may be of angle or U iron section. Two such body pieces may
be shaped in section like jaws of tongs holding the felloe rim between. them.
One of the body forms being fixed to the boss first and the ring having suitable
dove tail shaped recesses at the inside being placed upon that body and the other
one is then fitted thereto, its edge grasping into the other dovetail recess of the
rim and the whole is then held together by bolts and rivets.
.
In order to reduce the bell like sound of such wheels wood or other filling
pieces may be put between the joints of the wrought iron plates and the felloes..
Pulleys made according to my process are very light, rigid and absolutely
balanced, they need not to be turned, grinding with emery is all what is required
to give them a complete finish.
The wheels are strong and almost indestructible; there being no spokes or
similar weak parts which might be broken.
'Did this 14th day of Mauch 1000
AUGUST LUDWIG SCHMIDT,
Per Karl J. Mayer,
Agent.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Making Pulleys and Wheels:
1 AUGUST LUDWIG SCHMIDT of Düsseldorf Rhenish Prussia Germany,
Manufacturer do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be, particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement:-
This invention relates to a new method of making driving pulleys for belt and
rope gearing and of carriage and other wheels which rotate round a rotating or
fixed shaft or axle and being either driven by a strap or belt, a rope or a chain
running over the circumference of the pulley from another similar pulley or being
itself the driving element or serving for carrying a load on any suitable vehicle,
that is as a car wheel for road or railway transport, or serving merely as a regulator,
such as a fly wheel of a machine.
My invention is intended to replace all those elements of machinery where on a
central nave or boss arms or spokes are fitted radially which are surrounded by
a circular rin or felloes of wood or metal.
Such wheels and pulleys with arms or spokes are generally made of cast iron,
sometimes the boss or nave only is cast and the arms and the rim are made of

page_text: wrought iron and rivetted or screwed together; in exceptional cases, as for railway
carriages for instance, they are made solid, without spokes and cast in one piece
or instead of the spokes the space between the boss and the rim is filled out with
hard pressed paper.
66
"
Now according to my new process of making pulleys and wheels I do away with
the spokes and arms altogether and instead of casting the same, I only use wrought
iron in form of plates and out of them I form the pulleys and wheels by pressing
the plates into suitable shape, thus making the boss, the arms or rather the disc
part in their place and the felloes or the rim all in one piece, or where it may be
found desirable, I fix to such a pressed plate forming the base or fundamental part
of a wheel or pulley, but having only a central hole cut out, instead of the boss
formed thereon, a cast iron boss and a rim of large width and depth separately,
according to the requirements and the purpose for which the article is intended.
Thus to make an ordinary pulley for a belt I use a round disk of wrought iron
or steel plate having a small central hole cut out and I put it in a press having a
round piston, the diameter of which is equal to the diameter of the pulley to be
formed, less the double thickness of the plate, and a matrice of exactly the outside
diameter of the pulley; the diameter of the plate being larger than the diameter
of the pulley by the double width of the rim of the pulley. When the metal of
the plate is tough enough the pulley may be pressed cold, otherwise the plate inust
be made red hot.
Where the boss is to be pressed to the pulley at the same time a counter piston
of the width of the bore of the boss is placed in the middle of the matrice and a
corresponding hole is made in the upper piston; the key way may be formed in the
boss at the same time. Where instead of the wrought iron boss a cast iron boss is
used, the hole in the middle of the plate is cut out to fit to the outside of the boss,
which is provided with a flange to which the flat disc part is then rivetted or
bolted. In order to make the rim of the pulley spherical it is put into a lathe and
pressed, not turned in the ordinary sense, into the proper shape.
When broad pulleys are required, a separate rim may be put round the body
and fixed thereto by countersunk rivets or bolts with countersunk heads, and for
making very large pulleys two pressed pulleys are fixed to the flange of the boss
at opposite sides and the rim is then put over these two and fixed thereto in a
similar manner as before.
Split pulleys may be made according to my process by cutting a whole pulley
in two halves, fixing these to a half boss each and holding them together by angle
irons at the rim and coupling plates on the disc part; or by pressing half pulleys
in the same way as the whole ones are pressed but having a straight flange
running diametrically and joining both halves together by bolts put through the
central flanges.
In making cone pulleys, I press three, four or more single pulleys of the different
diameters desired; the largest one I fix to the flange of the boss as before and the
intermediate sizes I put on the boss so that the edge of the rim of each bears
against the disc part of the next larger sheave and the smallest one I fix to the
face of the boss, screwing it so tight, that all the intermediate sizes are firmly
pressed against each other and forming thus a complete cone; for security sake two
or more bolts may be put through the set to hold them together.
For making wheels, I again press a similar shaped body as the plain pulley first
described, but having the rim not wholly bent at right angle to the disc part and
giving this part a corrugated form. Two of such fundamental parts are fixed to a
boss or nave of a wheel and they are held together also in the middle and a felloe
piece of suitable radial depth is put round the circumference to form the rim of
the wheel. This rim may be of angle or U iron section. Two such body pieces
may be shaped in section like jaws of tongs holding the felloe rim between them.
One of the body forms being fixed to the boss first and the ring having suitable
dove tail shaped recesses at the inside, being placed upon that body, and the other
one is then fitted thereto, its edge grasping into the other dovetail recess of the rim

page_text: and the whole is then held together by bolts and rivets. In order to reduce the
bell like sound of such wheels, wood or other filling pieces may be put between the
joints of the wrought iron plates and the felloes.
Pulleys made according to my process are very light, rigid and absolutely
balanced; they need not to be turned, grinding with emery is all what is required
to give them a complete finish.
The wheels are strong and almost indestructable, there being no spokes or similar
weak parts which might be broken.
On the accompanying drawing:
Fig. 1 shows a pulley complete in one piece with the boss, the spoke disc and the
rim pressed in one piece;
Fig. 2 shows a pulley having the spoke disc and the rim pressed in one piece and
a separate cast iron boss fitted thereto;
Fig. 3 shows a split pulley put together of two halves by means of angle pieces
and separate joining plates;
Fig. 4 is a split pulley having diametrical flanges pressed to the spoke disc, by
means of which the two halves are bolted together;
Fig. 5 is a pulley having a separate broad rim put on to a pulley of the shape
of Fig. 2;
Fig. 6 shows the manner of making very large pulleys ;
Fig. 7 is a cone pulley made according to my invention;
Fig. 8 represents a rope pulley having as base a pulley made according to Fig. 2
with a grooved rim put round the same;
i
Fig. 9 is a grooved rope pulley in which the grooves are formed into the rim
Fig. 10 is a wheel having a spoke disc and a rim made according to my process
and a plain rim put round the same, corresponding to the pulley Fig. 5;
Fig. 11 is a wheel having an U shaped rim with a strong bandage and felloe
fixed therein in two halves;
Fig. 12 shows a wheel with an angle iron shaped rim or felloe;
Fig. 13 is a wheel made according to my invention having a double spoke disc,
the rim holding the felloe like tongs.
The pulley Fig. 1 has the boss A, the spoke disc B and the rim all of one
piece, it is made out of a round piece of plate of suitable size which is put under
a press of any convenient design by preference a hydraulic press, having a piston
or die of the proper shape and a corresponding matrice, in the centre of which
stands a piece of the size of the bore of the boss, this pin may be so shaped as to
form the key way D into the metal forming the boss, at the same time.
In order to make the pulley somewhat lighter, holes E may be cut into the
spoke disc.
The pulley shown by Fig. 2 is made in the same way, but the central hole in
the spoke disc is made larger and the boss F is fitted thereto separately by
rivets or screw-bolts. The rim of this pulley is rounded on its outside, by putting
the pulley in a lathe and pressing the sides downwards or radially inwards by a
burnisher or pressure tool.
The split pulley shown by Fig. 3 consists of the two halves G and G¹ which are
formed by cutting a pulley made like the one shown by Figure 2, without the
boss diametrically in two and rivetting to each part the corresponding half of the
boss H and H having flanges I, by which both are bolted together; by means of
the angle irons K the rims are held together, and plates L serve for rivetting
together the spoke discs as shown.
The split pulley shown by Fig. 4 differs from the preceding one in the manner of
its construction. Each half, M and M', is made out of a half round plate by means
of a piston and a matrice of corresponding shape, forming at the same time the
circular rim and the diametrical flange N and N' respectively.
These flanges then serve for bolting the two halves together as shown by
the figure.
In Figure 5 a pulley O made exactly like the one shown by Fig. 2. before its

page_text: rim is rounded off, serves as the body carrying the broad rim P, which is put.
round the narrow rim. --In using sections like those shown by P1, P or P³ the
outer rim may be strengthened for carrying heavy belts and P' may also serve for
making flange pulleys.
Very broad pulleys are made according to Fig. 6. Two discs Q and Q are
fixed to a boss R and round them the broad rim S is fixed thereto by rivetting it.
to the rims of the spoke discs.
T"
In order to make cone pulleys, I use a set of several of my spoke discs T, T¹,
varying in diameter; by their central hole; with the exception of the smallest or
outer one,
I put them upon the boss U, so that the edges of the smaller rims bear
against the flat disc part of the next following larger one and they are then all
held together by the outermost and smallest disc which is firmly pressed against
the next following and screwed fast to the boss as shown.
By putting bolts transversely through the spoke discs the various sheaves may
receive a further hold.
Grooved pulleys for rope gear are made either according to Figure 8 where a
central body V of the main type, Figure 2, serves for carrying the grooved rim W,
which is rivetted or bolted to it in a similar manner as the flat rim P in Figure 5,
or they may also be made according to Figure 9, where a pulley with a very broad
rim is first pressed as described in the first and second cases, by means of a suitable
rolling machine the grooves X are then formed into the flat rim.
Wheels are made in similar manners; they in fact differ from the pulleys only
by having heavier or radially deeper rims or felloes. Figure 10 shows a wheel
corresponding exactly to the pulley of Figure 2. The boss or nave a being made
of course so as to suit the requirements of a wheel; the spoke disc is rivetted to
the flange of the nave; its rim is surrounded by the heavy felloe bandage c. In
order to be able to take better hold of the spoke disc the edges of the holes d
in the same may be armed with half round rings e rivetted round these edges.
In Figure 12 a wheel is shown with a spoke disc made according to my
invention. The felloe or rim f made of angle iron section; this has for its
object to make the radial depth of the same deeper without increasing the weight
of the rim so as to prevent earth and ground to fall into or upon the inner side
of the rim on soft land. In order to provide a guard in the same view on the other
side of the wheel an extra ring g is rivetted to the wheel as shown.
Figure 11 represents a wheel in which to the rim of the spoke disc a U iron is
rivetted, and into the circular channel so formed on the outside, I fit the bandage
or felloe i proper, which of course must be made in two half round rings. Distance
pieces may be used between the rings and the rim in order to get the radial
depth of the felloe deeper.
Figure 13 shows a wheel where two of my spoke discs are used to hold the rim
of the wheel. The disc k is fixed to the flange of the nave 1, then the rim or
felloe m made of dovetail section is placed into the disc k and now the other
disc n is put upon k and m, with its rim fitting into the other groove of the felloe
and the whole is then rivetted together as shown, so that the two discs grasp the
felloe in its circular groove like tongs.
In all cases the discs may be provided with holes, the edge of which are guarded
with rings of half round section as shown in the various figures.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :
'
1. The process of making driving pulleys for transmitting power by pressing
plates of metal into the shape of a shallow cup or dish having a central hollow
boss or a hole in the middle and providing the rim with or without a broad rim
having a flat or grooved circumference.
2. The process of making wheels by using one or two circular discs of iron or
steel plate, pressed or rolled so as to form a shallow dish or dishes having a central

page_text: hole, and an outer part forming a flange bent wholly at right angle to the face of
the disc, or bent out only partly and putting the disc with its ceutral hole over a
boss and surrounding it with a suitably shaped felloe or rim secured to the disc by
rivets or screw bolts.
Dated this 10th day of Santamber 1899
A. L. SCHMIDT,
Per Karl J. Mayer,
Agent.