IMPROVEMENTS IN OR APPLICABLE TO THAT APPARATUS FOR RAISING AND FORCING FLUIDS AND FEEDING STEAM BOILERS KNOWN AS "GIFFARD'S INJECTOR.
Year: 1866

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James Gresham, of the Atlas Works, in the City
of Manchester, and County of Lancaster, Engineer, for the Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN OR APPLICABLE TO THAT APPARATUS FOR RAISING AND
FORCING FLUIDS AND FEEDING STEAM BOILERS KNOWN AS "GIFFARD'S
INJECTOR.'"
Sealed the 12th October 1866, and dated the 13th April 1866.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James Gresham at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 13th
April 1866.
I, JAMES GRESHAM, of the Atlas
County of Lancaster, Engineer, do
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
RAISING AND FORCING FLUIDS AND FEEDING STEAM BOILERS KNOWN AS 'GIFFARDS'
INJECTOR,'" to be as follows:-
Works, in the City of Manchester, and
hereby declare the nature of the said
APPLICABLE TO THAT APPARATUS
ов
FOR
The first part of my Invention relates to self-adjusting injectors where the
suction of the jet when the water supply is deficient, or the overflow when
the water is in excess, is made to act to adjust the supply of water, as in
the Invention by William Sellers, of Philadelphia, for which Letters Patent

page_text: were granted to Alfred Vincent Newton, No. 1051, and dated the Twelfth
April, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-five;
in the Specification of which said Patent a cock is described for allowing a
portion of the fluid to be discharged till the jet is fully established; and two
valves are used, one to prevent the steam or water from being driven back
through the water supply pipe, and the other to allow it to escape to show
when the injector is not working. The cock has to be opened and shut by
hand in starting the injector.
The object of my improvements is to simplify the self-adjusting injector
so that it may be started by merely turning on the steam, and this I accom-
plish by means of one self-acting cock or valve which dispenses with the
cock, and the two valves (or one of them at least) used in Sellers' self-
adjusting injector.
My improvements consist in arranging the self-acting cock or valve so that
when the injector is not at work the valve will be open, and so that the
pressure or force developed when the jet is fully established will close the
valve, the injector pressure when it is in operation being in excess of that
in the boiler, and vice versa when the injector is not at work. The ordinary
valve used to prevent the return of the water from the boiler is shut when
the injector is not working, and open when it is; and one method of carrying
this part of my Invention into effect is to connect the ordinary valve with
another valve, so that when one is open the other will be shut. To make
this arrangement act with certainty the outlet valve for allowing of the
escape of the fluid till the jet is established will have to be of the kind
known as "equilibrium;" but another method of carrying out this part of
my Invention consists in making the valve closing the passage to the boiler
to act like a piston, that is, so that it will have to lift or move some distance
before there is full space for the fluid to pass and move the same distance
back before it is fully closed, so that by means of the power obtained from
this long movement a single cock or valve may be actuated.
Another method of carrying out this part of my Invention is by using a
piston or valve independent of the valve closing the passage to the boiler, one
side of this valve or piston being exposed to and in communication with the
pressure of the boiler, the other side being a communication with the injector
so as to be acted upon by its pressure when in operation, consequently the
boiler pressure will act upon the piston or valve to open it when the injector
is not working, and the injector pressure will overcome the boiler pressure
and shut the valve when the injector is working and the jet is fully established.
This arrangement of valves may be applied in any convenient position, either

page_text: combined with the injector or in connection with the pipe leading from the
injector to the boiler.
Secondly, my Invention relates to ordinary injectors and others having
orifices for overflow or for starting the injector into operation, and consists in
closing the overflow orifice to prevent loss of water or the suction of air, or
in dispensing with such orifice by combining with such injectors a self-acting
outlet valve for overflow when starting the injector, actuated and arranged as
described under the head of the first part of my Invention.
Thirdly, my Invention relates to injectors for feeding boilers suitable where
there is little variation in the pressure of the steam, and consists in dispensing
with the arrangements for adjusting the water, or both water and steam, and
combining, arranging, and constructing them as follows:-A casing is formed
in which the discharging and receiving nozzles are fixed, while the steam
nozzle is arranged so as to be readily adjusted to suit any required pressure
of steam, when it is secured by a set screw or other suitable means; or the
steam nozzle may be secure in position in the casing permanently, and the
discharging and receiving nozzles may be made in one piece and fitted so as
to slide in the casing and be secured when adjusted to the required pressure
by a set screw or other suitable means, this arrangement being combined
with a cone spindle if desired, and a valve to prevent the return of the water
from the boiler. The exterior of the discharging and receiving nozzles may
be marked with an index scale to be seen through an opening in the casing,
and arranged with a pointer to show the correct position for a given pressure
of steam. The discharging and receiving nozzles may be made with an
overflow orifice in communication with the atmosphere, and the overflow
outlet may be closed by a valve according to the second part of my improve-
ments, or the overflow outlet may be dispensed with by substituting a valvo
arranged according to the second part of my Invention.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said James Gresham in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
13th October 1866.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JAMES.
GRESHAM, of the Atlas Works, in the City of Manchester, in the County of
Lancaster, Engineer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Thirteenth day of April, in the year of our Lord.

page_text: One thousand eight hundred and sixty-six, in the twenty-ninth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said
James Gresham, Her special license that I, the said James Gresham, my execu-
tors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said James Gresham, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no
others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein
expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within
the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and
Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN OR APPLICABLE TO THAT APPA-
RATUS FOR RAISING AND FORCING FLUIDS AND FEEDING STEAM BOILERS KNOWN AS
GIFFARD'S INJECTOR,' upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said
James Gresham, by an instrument in writing under my hand and seal, should
particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in
what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed
in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and imme-
diately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said James Gresham, do hereby declare the
nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed,
to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement
and accompanying Drawings (that is to say) :-
The first part of my Invention relates to self-adjusting injectors where the
suction of the jet when the water supply is deficient, or the overflow when the
water is in excess, is made to act to adjust the supply of water, as in the
Invention by William Sellers, of Philadelphia, for which Letters Patent were
granted to Alfred Vincent Newton, No. 1051, and dated the Twelfth April in
the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-five; in the
Specification of which said Patent a cock is described for allowing the fluid
to be discharged until the jet is fully established; and two valves are used,
one to prevent the steam or water from being driven back through the water
supply pipe, and the other to allow it to escape, to show when the injector is
not working. The said cock has to be opened or shut by hand in starting the
injector.
The object of my improvements is to simplify the self-adjusting injector
so that it may be started by merely turning on the steam, and this I
accomplish by means of one self-acting cock or valve, which dispenses with
the said cock and the two valves (or one of them at least) used in Sellers'
self-adjusting injector.
My improvements consist in arranging a self-acting cock or valve so that
when the injector is not at work the valve will be open, and so that the

page_text: pressure or force developed when the jet is fully established will close the
valve, the injector pressure when it is in operation being in excess of that in
the boiler, and vice versa when the injector is not at work, as then there is no
injector pressure. The ordinary valve used to prevent the return of the water
from the boiler is shut when the injector is not working and open when it is
working; and one method of carrying this part of my Invention into effect is
to connect the ordinary valve with another valve, so that when one is open the
other will be shut. To make this arrangement act with certainty the outlet
valve for allowing of the escape of the fluid till the jet is established will have
to be of the kind known as equilibrium; but another method of carrying out
this, part of my Invention consists in making the valve closing the passage to
the boiler to act like a piston, that is, so that it will have to lift or move
some distance before there is full space for the fluid to pass, and move the
same distance back before it is fully closed, so that by means of the power
obtained from this long movement a single cock or valve may be actuated.
Another method of carrying out this part of my Invention is by using a
piston or valve independent of the valve closing the passage to the boiler, one
side of this valve or piston being exposed to and in communication with the
pressure of the boiler, the other side being in communication with the injector
so as to be acted upon by its pressure when in operation; consequently the
boiler pressure will act upon the piston or valve to open it when the injector
is not working, and the injector pressure will shut the valve when the injector
is working and the jet is fully established. This arrangement of valves may
be applied in any convenient position, either combined with the injector or in
connection with the pipe leading from the injector to the boiler.
Secondly, my Invention relates to ordinary injectors and others having
orifices for overflow or for starting the injector into operation, and consists in
closing the overflow orifice to prevent loss of water or the suction of air, or in
dispensing with such orifice by combining with such injectors a self-acting
outlet valve for overflow when starting the injector, actuated and arranged as
described under the head of the first part of my Invention.
Thirdly, my Invention relates to injectors generally, and also to such as are
adapted for feeding boilers where there is little variation in the pressure of
the steam, and consists in combining, arranging, and constructing them in a
manner hercin-after described, by reference to the accompanying Drawings,
where several modifications of my Invention are illustrated combined together
and with injectors of ordinary construction, and others invented prior to my
present improvements.

page_text: Figs. 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 are each longitudinal sections (except that Fig. 2 is
partly an outside view) of injectors illustrating my improvements; Fig. 6 is
partly a section and partly an outside view of Sellers' self-adjusting injector
with my improvements attached; Fig. 7 is a longitudinal section, and Fig. 8
a cross section of a double injector according to my Invention; and Figs. 9
and 10 are partial sections and outside views of valves detached, having my
improvements applied. Part of Fig. 1 illustrates one method of carrying out the
first part of my Invention by an equilibrium valve, and its application to injectors
according to the second part of my Invention. This valve (a) is placed in a
separate casing, fitting tight in the passage from the injector to the boiler, in
a box covered by a water and steam-tight lid (b). The construction of the
equilibrium valve will be readily understood by inspecting the Figure. It is
shown open so that steam or fluid from the injector can pass in at each end and
out at the orifice or passage (c). The stop valve (d) to prevent the return of
the water from the boiler is attached to the equilibrium valve, as shown, and
is shut when the equilibrium valve (a) is open, and vice versa. When the
jet from the injector is fully established the pressure will open the stop
valve (d), and will consequently shut the equilibrium valve (a), and close the
passage or orifice (c).
Fig. 6 illustrates another method of carrying out the first part of my
Invention applied to a Sellers' self-adjusting injector. The stop valve (d)
to prevent the return of water from the boiler is made and arranged partly as
a valve and partly as a piston. It is shown in full line in the position in
which it is closed, and by dotted line in the position to which it will have to
move when open. By the movement thus obtained the stem of the valve is
made to act upon a lever (a¹) attached to a cock (a), the lever of the valve
being arranged as shown in cross section in Fig. 6. Valves upon the piston
principle are also shown in Figs. 3, 4, 5, and 10, applied to injectors adjusted
by hand according to the second part of my Invention, but they are also
applicable to self-adjusting injectors. In Figs. 3, 4, and 10 the piston valve
acts directly to open and shut another valve arranged as shown. In Fig. 5
the piston valve acts through a lever (a¹) upon a valve (a) in the side of the
casing, as shown. In Fig. 2 an ordinary valve (d) is connected directly with
another valve (a) arranged as shown, acting to close the passage (c) from the
overflow orifice. Figs. 9 and 10 are supposed to represent the valve
commonly used between the injector and the boiler. In Fig. 9 dx is an
ordinary ball valve to prevent the overflow of water from the boiler in
the ordinary working of the injector, and the mode of carrying out the first

page_text: or second part of my Invention independently of the stop valve is illustrated
in this Figure. Two connected valves are arranged as shown; one valve (d')
is exposed to pressure from the boiler, and the other valve (a) to the pressure
from the injector; c is the outlet.
Figs. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, and 8, besides illustrating the mode of carrying out
the first and second parts of my Invention, also illustrate the third part of my
Invention for combining, arranging, and constructing injectors. One improve-
ment, shown in Figs. 1, 3, 4, 5, and 6 consists in forming a valve facing
upon the central spindle (e), and a seating upon the partition or steam nozzle
(f) (as shown), and in making that part of the spindle (e) cylindrical from
the valve to a little past the nozzle, when the valve is against its seating (as
shown); so that the annular space for steam only begins to vary when the
spindle is partly screwed outwards. By this arrangement the steam can be
shut off without any other tap or valve, and without danger of bursting the
steam or partition nozzle, as is frequently done by accident with the ordinary
cone central spindle. The part forming the receiving and discharging nozzles
(g) is made of large external diameter in Figs. 1, 2, and 3, and of as good a
fit as can be made without packing, and a hole is made at g' which commu-
nicates with a chamber (92), so that any fluid escaping past the sides of the
nozzles will enter this chamber (9), and will be sucked in by the passing jet
through the hole (g¹). If my improved self-acting valve is not used according
to the first and second part of my Invention a communication is made between
the upper part of the chamber (92) and the atmosphere for starting the
injector and for overflow, as shown in dotted line in Fig. 1. The nozzle
part (g) can be adjusted for a given pressure of steam by a slight blow with
a hammer and blunt chisel upon the notches (93) seen through the casing of
the injector. Fig. 3 represents an injector similar to that shown in Fig. 1,
but it illustrates a mode of adjusting the nozzle part by a lever handle; g' is
a shaft passing through a stuffing box at one end in the side of the casing of
the injector; this shaft has a lever (95) secured upon it, which is forked at
the ends to fit (clutch fork fashion) grooves in the outside of the nozzle
part (9). A handle is fixed on the outside end of the shaft (9') by which the
shaft is oscillated to make the adjustments required. This handle carries a
point acted upon by a spring arranged as shown in dotted line, and this point
enters notches in a segment formed upon the outside of the casing of the
injector, and thus the handle is held when the adjustment is made. Fig. 4
shows an injector with a single screw valve spindle (e), giving a double
adjustment. The steam or partition nozzle f is screwed into one end of a
tube (h) as shown, which tube can be moved up and down through a packing

page_text: gland (). The central valve spindle (e) screws into this. tube (h), passing
through a packing gland (2) at the upper end of the tube. The central
valve spindle is kept from moving endway by a stay or bracket (h³), through
the boss of which the spindle (e) passes as shown. When the spindle is rotated
to open the valve the annular space for water will be reduced and that for steam
increased, and vice versa when the spindle is rotated in the opposite direction.
Fig. 5. shows an injector arranged in a similar manner to that shewn by Fig. 4,
except that that the adjustment for water is by a separate screw (k); the
construction of this, injector will be, understood by inspecting the Drawings.;
In Figs. 4 and 5 the steam is supposed to be conveyed to the injector through
a coiled pipe. (*), as shown in Fig. 5. (the pipe surrounding Fig. 8), this
pipe having sufficient elasticity to admit of the small amount of movement
required for adjusting the injector. Figs. 7 and 8 show a double injector, so.
that one may be used when the other is out of order. There are three cocks
1,, and, one for steam, one for water, and one for the fluid discharged; by
turning these cocks the steam and water can be turned on to one injector
and turned off from the other, and with the cock (4) the passage between one
injector and the boiler is shut, and that between the other injector and the
boiler is opened at pleasure. The nozzle parts (9) are arranged to fit tightly,
and are adjusted to the required pressure of steam when the injector is
applied. The team or partition nozzles, (f) are screwed in as shown; the
water or steam may be adjusted when the nozzle's, parts (9) are fixed, by
substituting other nozzles (f) of different size or length on removing the
screw plugs (¹). Central cones are dispensed with, but if required the
plugs. (f) may be elongated to project into the interior of the steam nozzles
(), so as to act, as, cones.
I have now, particularly described the nature of my Invention, and the
modes of carrying the same into effect, and claim as my Invention,―
Firstly. Self-acting valves, according to the first and second parts of my
Invention, connected together so as to open and close the passage for overflow
when applied to, or used in connection with either Sellers; self-adjusting
injector or other injectors, substantially as berein-before described and
illustrated by the Drawings.
Secondly. The general arrangement, combination, and construction of
injectors, substantially as herein-before described and illustrated by the.
Drawings.
Thirdly. The use in injectors of a central valve spindle (e), combined with a
steam or partition nozzle (f), substantially, as herein-before described and
shown in Figs. 1, 3, 4, 5, and 6 of the Drawings.

page_text: Fourthly. The combination, arrangement, and construction of injectors with
a double adjustment for one screw, substantially as herein-before described
and shown in Fig. 4 of the Drawings, and the application of a coiled pipe (*)
to introduce steam directly into an adjustable tube or pipe (h) carrying the
steam ar partition nozzle, substantially as herein-before described and shewn
in Figs. 4 and 5 of the Drawings.
Fifthly. The construction of injectors with fixed nozzles and double injectors,
substantially as herein-before described and illustrated by Figs. 7 and 8 of
the Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said James Gresham, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Twelfth day of October, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-six.
Witness,
PETER J. LIVSEY,
Patent Agent,
Manchester.
JAMES GRESHAM. (L.S.)