Year: 1888

page_text: I, PAUL MAUSER of Oberndorf, on the Neckar, in the Kingdom of Wurtemburg,
in the Empire of Germany, Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of this
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described
and ascertained in and by the following statement :—
The object of the invention is to avoid the bonding and unequal yielding of the
breech case which in breech loading fire-arms, with cylinder bolt, known as bolt guns,
as hitherto constructed has interfered with the accuracy of shooting; to centralize
the bolt and to protect the breech case and the bolt against soiling by dust, &c.
In the accompanying drawings
Figure 1 is a vertical transverse section of the breech pieco or portion of the gun.
Figure 2 is a plan view of this portion of the gun in locked condition, partly in
section.
Figure 3 is a transverso section on the line z, z, of Figure 1.
Figure 4 is a transverse section on the line y, y, of Figure 1.
The belt is entirely cylindrical except at the rear thereof, where there are pro-
vided two opposite recoil shoulders or take-ups to and the hand lever h. The bolt
guide does not form, as hitherto, one piece with the bolt k, but is made in one pieco
with the bolt head F turning in the front portion of the bolt k. The cross section of
the bolt guide can be seen best in Figures 3 and 4. The bolt guide ƒ slides in a
suitably shaped slot along the upper portion of the breech case C forming the so called
case opening for the introduction of the cartridges and closes this case opening if the
bolt is in its locked position. The bolt guide f together with its head F is coupled
with the bolt k, if the latter is turned to the left hand by the lever h for opening the
breech of the gun, the one recoil shoulder w entering into a corresponding recess
in the underside of the bolt guido, so that in drawing back the bolt k, the bolt
guide, and simultaneously the bolt head F are drawn back.
At the end of the cartridge rest of the breech case C the latter is not open but
reinforced by a bridge B. The underside of the bridge B and the adjacent portions
of the breech case are so shaped as to allow the bolt guide to slide through. To

page_text: prevent the bolt from going back farther than is necessary to bring back the front
face of the bolt head F for clearing the cartridge rest, an indentation a is milled along
the holt guide on its right hand edge in such manner as to leave at its front end a
shoulder b. A similar shoulder b¹ at its back end is of no importance and is intended
only to fill up the guide opening of the bridge, B.
The shoulder babuts, (if the bolt k is drawn back entirely.) against a tongue or
stop d protruding through a corresponding hole of the breech case C. This stop d
forms a part of the lever d' which is placed at the right hand side of the bridge B
and turns at its back end round a pin or centre. A spring gives to the stop d the
tendency to protrude inwards through the breech case C. The abutting of the shoulder b
against the stop d limits the stroke of the bolt k.
Where the bolt guide f branches off from the bolt head F the extractor is
arranged in a corresponding opening so that the extractor's claw drags along with
it the cartridge shell if the bolt k is opened, that is to say, drawn back.
For starting the cartridge shell after firing, the foot of the hand lever h, in being
turned upward moves along the sloping back face of the bridge B, as shown in dotted
lines in Figure 2, and draws with great force the shell out of the barrel for a
distance corresponding to the pitch of such force. As soon as the hand lever_h
comes in its vertical position the bolt and with it the cartridge shell held by the
claw of tlie extractor can be drawn back easily.
Prior to the completion of this drawing back of the bolt k, the ejector 9 fitted
into the bolt head at its underside (Figures 1 and 3) and travelling in the ejector
groove g³ of the breech case C, encounters the trigger nose being thereby stopped,
whilst the bolt k still goes back a little farther and ejects the cartridge shell
throwing it round the claw 71 out of the case opening.
It may be here remarked that the nose m of the small lock S also works in the
ejector groove g¹ and thereby forms the necessary guide to the small lock S.
For removing the bolt k from the breech case C, the lever d' is turned with
its front end so much to the right hand that the stop d clears the shoulder band
does not prevent the full drawing back of the bolt . Simultaneously the trigger
noso is drawn down to clear the nose m. In inserting the bolt again into the
breech case C the sloping under face of the ejector g presses down automatically
the trigger nose 1, and the rounded front edge of the shoulder 6 of the bolt guide f
presses back the stop d so that the bolt k can be pushed home without any hindrance.
If tho gun is to be locked the hand lever h is moved from the vertical position into
the horizontal one, the two recoil shoulders or take-ups to entering into the corre-
sponding recesses of the breech case and thereby securing the correct position of
the bolt head F against the bottom of the cartridge. By these means the recoil is
transferred to portions of the breech case C of the same strength and of symmetrical
position so that, a bonding or yielding of the breech case cannot take place.
The bolt is kept absolutely central, a point of the greatest importance for the
shooting accuracy of the arm.
As the case opening in the closed or locked condition of the bolt k is covered
entirely by the bolt guide the passage of dust sand rain etc. into the interior parts
of the breech mechanism is practically excluded and the gun is therefore under all
conditions more reliable in its functions than it was possible hitherto to make it.
I would here remark that I am aware that recoil shoulders or take ups have been
before employed and I therefore do not claim them generally considered.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is :-
--
1. In breech loading fire arms of the class known as bolt guns the closing or
covering of the case opening by the bolt guide f forming one piece with the bolt
head F and sliding in a suitably shaped recess in the breech case (substantially as
shown and described and for the purpose set forth.
2. In breech loading fire arms of the class known as bolt guns the coupling of the

page_text: bolt guide and thereby also of the bolt head F with the bolt k during the movements
which neod this coupling hy means of the one recoil shoulder or take-up to entering
into a corresponding recess in the bolt guide f substantially as shown and for the
purpose explained.
3. In breech loading fire arms of the class known as bolt guns the exact centreing
and guidance of the bolt k by the arrangement of the bridge B in combination with
the two opposite recoil shoulders or take ups w of the bolt & entering into the corre
sponding recesses of the breech case C in such way that the parts of the latter which
take the strain are of equal strength and of symmetrical situation for the purpose of
avoiding a bending or yielding of the breech case C and to increase the shooting
accuracy of the arm, substantially as shown and explained.
4. In breech loading fire arms of the class known as bolt guns the sloping back face
of the bridge B in combination with the foot of the hand lever h for the purpose of
starting the shell of the fired cartridge by and during the turning of the bolt k from
the horizontal into the vertical position, substantially as shown and described.
PAUL MAUSER.
By Harris & Mills,
28, Southampton Buildings,
Agents.