Improvements in Artificial Stones or Blocks Applicable for Grinding, Crushing, Granulating, Polishing, and other similar Purposes.
Year: 1888

page_text: Date of Application, 19th Nov., 1888
Complete Specification Left, 19th Aug., 1889-Accepted, 21st Sept., 1889
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Artificial Stones or Blocks Applicable for Grinding,
Crushing, Granulating, Polishing, and other similar Purposes.
We CARL OTTO WEBER Ph.D. of Crumpsall Manchester in the County of
Lancaster Technical Chemist and FREDERICK WILLIAM FOLLOWS of Gorton in the
County of Lancaster Agricultural Engineer do hereby declare the nature of this
invention to be as follows:-
This invention relates chiefly to the manufacture of artificial composite stones or
wheels for grinding crushing or granulating purposes but is also applicable to the
preparation or manufacture of other surfaces or blocks for grinding and sharpening
tools or for polishing surfaces or materials or for other purposes for which a hard or
abrasive block of material may be employed.
To form the base or bulk of the stone or block ground or granulated flint is prefer-
ably used though instead of flint other similar hard material may be employed. The
face or grinding surface of the stone or block is preferably made of granulated
corrundum or other hard abrasive material. In circular grinding stones or wheels
the position of the corrundum face will depend whether the stone is to be used as an
edge runner or as a flat grinding stone.
The granulated flint corrundum or other materials to form the stone or block are
intimately mixed with a hard setting composition or cement of great tenacity which
will when set resist the integrating effects of moisture oils or other materials with which
grinding stones of different descriptions and for different purposes are brought in
contact.
The composition or cement which we at present prefer to use is composed of
hydroxide of magnesia, chloride of zinc, hydroxide of barium, sulphate of iron and
hydro-chloric acid. The hydroxide of magnesia and hydroxide of barium, in the form
of powder are mixed together, and the chloride of zinc and sulphate of iron are
dissolved in the acid and then mixed with the granules of flint or other material.
It is preferable that the blocks or stones should be made with the base of granulated
flint and the cutting or grinding edge or surface of granulated corrundum but for
some purposes it may be found desirable to make a stone or block from the granulated
flint without the corrundum face and in other instances the granulated corrundum
may be mounted or applied to other material than a composition of flint or the stone
may be made wholly from the granulated corrundum.
Dated this 17th dow of Navambos 100e
WM. P. THOMPSON & Co.,
6, Bank Street, Manchester, Patent Agents.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Artificial Stones or Blocks Applicable for Grinding,
Crushing, Granulating, Polishing, and other similar Purposes.
We, CARL OTTO WEBER, Ph.D., of Crumpsall, Manchester, in the County of
Lancaster, Technical Chemist, and FREDERICK WILLIAM FOLLOWS, of Gorton in the
County of Lancaster, Agricultural Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described
and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
This invention relates chiefly to the manufacture of artificial composite stones or
wheels for grinding crushing or granulating purposes but is also applicable to the
preparation or manufacture of other surfaces or blocks for grinding and sharpening

page_text: tools or for polishing surfaces or for other purposes for which a hard or abrasive block
of material may be employed.
To form the base or bulk of the stone or block, ground or granulated flint is prefer-
ably used though instead of flint other similar hard inaterial such as granite may be
employed. The face or grinding surface of the stone or block is preferably made of
granulated emery corrundum or other hard abrasive material. In circular grinding
stones or wheels the position of the emery or corrundum face will depend whether the
stone is to be used as an edge runner or as a flat grinding stone.
Although we prefer to make the stones with two stratas one of emery or corrunduni
or the like superimposed on one of flint or granite or the like the stones may be made
homogeneous throughout of one material cemented together or of a mixture of the
several materials mentioned.
The granulated flint corrundum or other materials to form the stone or block are
intimately mixed with a hard setting composition or cement of great tenacity which
will when set resist the integrating effects of moisture oils or other materials with
which grinding stones of different descriptions in the course of use are brought into
contact.
The composition or cement which we employ to cause the adhesion of the granular
materials is formed of oxide of magnesium (Mg O) hydrochloric acid (H Cl) sulphate
of iron (Fe SO) chloride of barium (Ba C) or the chemical equivalents thereof
which when intimately mixed together and allowed to set form a substance of great
hardness and capable of resisting considerable tensile strain.
In the quality of the resulting product the formation of protochloride of iron (Fe Cl,)
and protoxide of iron (Fe O) has a good deal to do as they produce oxide or protoxide
combinations with the magnesium of considerable hardness and for this reason
the chemicals employed especially the oxide of magnesium should be in as pure a form
as possible so as to conduce to these combinations taking place.
In carrying out the invention the materials may be employed in about the following
proportions and treated in the following manner.
11 Culated a
Oxide of magnesium (Dig )
are mixed together.
2.) A solution is formed of:-
18 lbs.
Hydrochloric acid (commercial) H Cl
Sulphate of iron Fe SO, 7 aq
Chloride of barium Ba,
Cl 2 aq
-
-
35 lbs.
10 lbs.
8 lbs.
The solution is added to the mixture of granulated stone and oxide of magnesium
until they become plastic when the whole is worked up into a homogeneous mass and
is then rammed down into suitable moulds of iron or the like corresponding in shape
to that desired to be given to the stones. The mixture is allowed to remain in these
moulds until it has sufficiently hardened to be removed from them without damage to
the material.
Instead of using chloride of barium, chloride of zinc and oxide of barium may be
mixed, which will form in the mixture a chloride of barium, but I now prefer to use
the Ba Cl, in the first instance, omitting Zn Cl...
Where the stones produced are to be formed in two stratas formed of different
granular material the two mixtures may be formed separately and placed in one mould
in the proper position, or one portion of the stone may be first moulded and the other
part added thereto in a separate mould. We can also cover with such a grinding
strata of emery, corrundum, flint, etcetera, wheels, cylinders, rollers, discs, or bands of
iron, wood and other constructive materials.
The size of the granulated material employed will depend on the purpose to which
the stone is to be applied as when intended for polishing purposes it will be reduced
much smaller than when the stone is intended for grinding.

page_text: The above mentioned proportions are applicable for stones for grinding purposes
but such proportions may be altered according to the size of the granules of abrasive
material, thus:-
(a) The finer the particles of the granulated abrasive material the more of the entire
cement mixture will be required.
(b) With diminished size of the granules of the abrasive material the quantity of
chloride of barium and sulphate of iron in the cement mixture should be reduced,
without however falling below half of the proportions named above.
The latter is especially the case in the manufacturing of polishing wheels from abrasive
material ground to a fine powder.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that I
claim :-
Artificial stones or blocks for grinding, polishing or similar purposes, composed of
an abrasive material in a granulated or powdered condition cemented into a homo-
geneous mass by a mixture of oxide of magnesium (Mg O) hydrochloric acid (H CI)
sulphate of iron (Fe SO₁) and chloride of barium (Ba Cl₂) or their chemical
equivalents, substantially as described.
1000
WM. P. THOMPSON & Co.,
Manchester, Liverpool, and London, Patent Agents.