IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR OUTTING OR
Year: 1883

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Henry Davidson, of Tottenham in the County of
Middlesex for an Invention of IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR OUTTING OR
LETTERS PATENT to Henry Davidson, of Tottenham in the County of
Middlesex for an Invention of IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR OUTTING OR
MINCING AND MIXING ANIMAL, VEGETABLE AND OTHER SUBSTANCES
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Henry Davidson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 27th April 1883.
HENRY DAVIDSON of Tottenham in the County of Middlesex, "IMPROVEMENTS
IN APPARATUS FOR CUTTING OR MINCING AND MIXING ANIMAL, VEGETABLE, AND
OTHER SUBSTANCES."
My Invention relates to an improved machine for mincing or cutting up and
mixing meat, vegetables, and other substances.
The machine consists of a vessel of inverted cylindro-conical form with an
archimedian screw cutter of correspondingly coned form working within it. This
cutter is carried upon a spindle passing axially through the vessel and driven by
bevel gear from a horizontal shaft mounted above and turned by hand or power.
The cutter spindle may be mounted in a footstep bearing below and turn in a
bearing carried by the cover of the vessel which may be made in halves hinged
together to give access to the interior, the bearing being also made in halves to
permit the removal of the spindle and cutters when required.
The action of the apparatus is as follows:-For cutting or mincing, the screw
cutter is turned in such direction as to continually raise up the substances operated
on and throw the same outwards so that they fall again between the sides of the
vessel and the edges of the cutter and are thus repeatedly subjected to its action.
When sufficiently operated on, the substances may be extruded at a discharge.
orifice at bottom of the vessel by rotating the screw in the cutter in the reverse.
direction, which orifice may be provided with a suitable nozzle in the case of a
sausage making machine.
The machine may be arranged horizontally instead of vertically

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Henry Davidson in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 27th October
1883.
HENRY DAVIDSON, of Tottenham, in the County of Middlesex
"IMPROVEMENTS
IN APPARATUS FOR CUTTING OR MINCING, AND MIXING ANIMAL, VEGETABLE, AND
OTHER SUBSTANCES
"
My invention relates to an improved machine for mixing, mincing, kneading
and cutting up meat, vegetables, dough, putty, paint, mortar, and other
substances.
The machine consists of a vessel of suitable form with an Archimedian screw
cutter working within it. This cutter is carried upon a spindle passing axially
through the vessel and driven by bevel gear or other suitable means actuated by
hand or by power.
In the drawings hereto annexed Figure 1 represents a vertical section through
one form of apparatus constructed in accordance with this invention and suitable
for mixing and kneading dough, putty and such like substances. A is an inverted
and truncated conical vessel, B is the Archimedian screw cutter secured by
soldering, brazing or otherwise on the spindle C which rests and turns on the
conical bearing point D secured in the bottom of the vessel A. The upper end of
the spindle C is supported in a bearing E in the cover F. This cover F may be
made in halves in order to give easy access to the interior, and the two halves
may be hinged together if preferred. The bearing E may also be made in halves
to permit of the more easy removal of the spindle C and cutter B when required.
G and H are bevel wheels by which rotary motion is communicated to the
spindle C and cutter B through the intervention of the shaft I turning in the
bearings J secured to the cover, and by the handle K. It will be obvious that
the mechanism for giving motion to the spindle C and cutter B may be varied in
a great variety of ways according to the shape and arrangements of the vessel A
and its cover F and according to whether hand, steam or other motive power is
employed to cause the rotation of the said spindle and cutter. It will also be
obvious that in some cases it may be preferable to actuate the spindle from below
the vessel A instead of from above.
In this example of the apparatus the archimedian cutter B is shown of a double
conical shape; the effect of this is that the lower part of the cutter, in which the
conical taper is downwards, effects the cutting up and mixing of the material and
the upper part in which the conical taper is upwards effects the kneading by
rolling the mass round and round between itself and the sides of the vessel A.
The cutter B is turned in the direction of the arrow so as to continually raise
up the substances operated upon and to throw the same outwards so that they fall
again between the sides of the vessel A.and the edges of the cutter and are thus
repeatedly subjected to the cutting, mincing or mixing action of the latter.
Figure 2 illustrates a similar apparatus fitted with an Archimedian screw
cutter B tapering in one direction only, and is suitable for mixing ointments and
more or less fluid substances.
Figure 3 illustrates in section and partial elevation a horizontal arrangement of
the apparatus in which A represents the vessel or casing which may be rectangular

page_text: in shape but with a semicircular bottom, B the archimedian screw cutter as before,
C the spindle and L L' fast and loose pulleys on the said spindle by which rotary
motion may be transmitted thereto from any suitable source of power, or if
preferred a crank handle may be applied direct to the spindle C.
In either of the arrangements illustrated the edges of the Archimedian screw B
are made sharp like a knife when intended to cut or mince but may be left more
or less blunt when it is only required to mix or knead. When sufficiently operated
upon the substance may be extruded at a discharge orifice at or near the bottom
of the vessel as illustrated at M in Figure 3, by opening the slide N and continuing
the rotation of the Archimedian screw B and a similar effect can be produced in
the apparatuses illustrated in Figures 1 and 2 by opening the slide N covering the
orifice M and rotating the screw B in the reverse direction. When the machine is
used as a sausage making or mincing machine the orifice M may be provided with
a suitable nozzle.
Figures 4 and 5 illustrate a convenient method of constructing the Archimedian
screw cutters. C is the spindle with journals at both ends (taking into bearings
in the containing vessel or casing) and a screwed cylindrical part O at one end on
to which the cap piece P is screwed. Q is a metallic tube having a spiral groove R
cut through it from end to end. S is a collar formed on the spindle C and having
a groove T turned therein to receive one end of the tube Q, the other end of the
said tube takes into a similar groove turned in the cap piece P. Figure 5 shows
a disc B of steel or other sheet metal suitable for the construction of the Archi-
median screw; this disc has a hole in it of about the same diameter as the
spindle C and is cut through on one side as at U. Any required number of these
dises are threaded on to the spindle C and passed along the spiral groove in the
tube Q as shown by dotted lines in Figure 4 so as to form a continuous spiral
blade, the whole being held rigidly together by screwing the cap P tightly on to
the screwed part O of the spindle C.
The arrangements illustrated in Figures 1, 2 and 3 are more or less applicable
as crushing machines when the Archimedian screws are made of sufficient strength,
as for example by constructing them of cast metal, but the arrangement shown in
Figure 3 is better adapted to that purpose than those shown in Figures 1 and 2.
The crushing action is brought about by the revolution of the screw forcing the
material against the end of the containing vessel or casing; the material thus
becomes wedged and crushed between the last thread of the screw and the end of
the casing, the fineness of the ultimate pulverization being dependent upon the
distance at which the end of the last thread of the screw is set from the end of
the casing, and this distance can easily be adjusted by a set nut on the spindle or
otherwise.
The apparatus herein before described and illustrated in the drawings is applicable
to a great variety of purposes; for example the cutting up of meat for sausages,
the mincing of meat and vegetables, churning, the mixing and kneading of dough,
putty and such like articles, the mixing of more or less fluid substances such as
paints for example, the thorough mixing of pharmaceutical ingredients such as the
mass for pills, and so forth.
Having now described the nature of the said invention and the manner in which
the same is to or may be carried into effect I would have it understood that what
I claim is:-
First. In cutting, mincing, and mixing machines, the employment of an Archi-
median screw for effecting such cutting, mincing, or mixing, such screw being
provided with sharp or blunt edges according to the purpose for which the
apparatus is intended to be employed, and contained in an appropriate vessel
or casing, the whole arranged, combined, and operating, as hereinbefore
described, and illustrated in Figures 1, 2 and 3 of the drawings hereto
annexed.

page_text: Second. The construction of the Archimedian screw as hereinbefore described,
and illustrated in Figures 4 and 5 of the drawings hereto annexed.
In witness whereof, I, the said Henry Davidson have hereunto set my hand
and seal this twentyfifth day of October in the year of Our Lord One thousand
eight hundred and eighty-three.