IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MAKING
Year: 1880

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Samuel Bennett, of the City of Manchester, Brassfounder
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MAKING OF
and Coppersmith, for an Invention of
18
JOINTS IN LEAD PIPES, AND IN APPARATUS THEREFOR”
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Samuel Bennett at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 29th July 1880.
SAMUEL BENNETT, of the City of Manchester, Brassfounder; and Coppersmith.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MAKING OF JOINTS IN LEAD PIPES, AND IN APPARATUS
THEREFOR."
The object of my Invention is to enable lead pipes to be joined together by the
application of heat and pressure to ensure a more perfect bore or internal diameter
of the pipes at the joint, and to construct suitable machinery or apparatus for those
purposes.
The method now in ordinary use for joining lead pipes together is to socket one
end of the pipe and to fit into the socket the end of another pipe requiring to be
joined thereto, the ends of the pipes so fitted together are then covered over with
plumbing solder on the outside thereof. One objection to this method of joining
lead pipes is that the solder sometimes makes its way to the inside of the pipes
during the process of making the joint, thereby diminishing the area of the bore to
the extent of the space occupied by the solder. Another objection is that the two
pipes when soldered together are not always opposite to each other, thereby causing
a set off in the pipe, or other imperfect result.
To remedy these defects, and to effect my improvements, I first prepare the ends
of the lead pipes to be joined together either by forcing a mandril into the ends of
the same of the size required, or by preparing the same with the special apparatus
hereinafter-described, so as to enable the ends of the pipes to admit of a metal
hollow core or lining pipe being inserted therein. By preference I cast a thin lead
ring around the middle of the metal hollow.core or lining pipe to facilitate an equal
portion being inserted in each of the lead pipes. The two ends of the pipes are
then joined together by the application of heat and pressure combined, by means
of the apparatus hereinafter-described or otherwise, upon the hollow core or lining
¡Price 6d1

page_text: pipe, in such manner that when the joint is made the hollow core or lining pipe is
embedded and soldered inside the lead pipe joint, and the lead pipe outside is
fused into a homogeneous mass. The joint may be finished or cleaned off by means
of apparatus hereinafter-described for that purpose. But it is obvious that
portions of the foregoing process may be omitted, whereby a modification, and
consequently less perfect joint may be obtained. I construct the apparatus for
preparing the pipe ends by making a suitable framing, on which are affixed a clip
or clips for holding the pipe or pipes, and having a mandril, upon which slides a
bush of the size required; this bush is forced by screw or lever-action into the
pipe ends, thus distending them to the size required for the hollow core or lining
pipe. I construct the apparatus for fusing the joint of a suitable framing, on which
are formed clips to hold the pipes in position when prepared with the hollow core
or lining pipe. These clips are caused to approach cach other, or one to approach
the other, on suitable guides or slides by spring or other pressure, as the metal of
the pipes melts on the application of heat. To prevent the heat from melting
other portions of the pipe than where the joint, is to be made I provide hollow
chambers, through which the pipes pass between the clips and the joint, which
chambers are filled in with sand, fire-clay, and plumbago, or other non-conducting
substance, and I surround the ends of the pipes to be joined with a suitably
formed mould, so that the resistance to the spring pressure brings the joint into the
required form. Or the joint may be made by pouring into the mould molten lead
or other soft metal. In either case the mould may be formed with a hollow
chamber or jacket surrounding it to enable a stream of molten metal to be passed
through for the purpose of heating the mould, or a stream of cold water to be
passed through for the more rapid cooling of the metal and mould when the joint is
made. The apparatus for finishing or cleaning off is constructed by making a
frame, to which is attached clips for the holding of the pipe, and to the bosses of
which clips is fitted, and capable of revolving round the same a frame carrying a
cutting or scraping tool in such manner that when, the tool is turned round the
pipe it is capable of being adjusted so as to cut or scrape off the superfluous metal.
I would here point out that considerable variation can be made in the details of
the apparatus described without departing from the Invention, which mainly
consists of the use of a hollow core or lining pipe for making joints in lead pipes,
and in fusing the ends of such pipes together with suitable apparatus, as described,
in lieu of the method.at present in use.
"

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said Samuel Bennett in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 29th
January 1881.
SAMUEL BENNETT, of the City of Manchester, Brassfounder, and Coppersmith.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MAKING OF JOINTS IN LEAD PIPES, AND IN APPARATUS
THEREFOB."
I first prepare the ends of the lead pipes to be joined together either by forcing
a mandril into the end of the same of the size required or by preparing the same
with the special apparatus hereinafter described, so as to enable the ends of the
pipes to admit of a metal hollow core or lining pipe being inserted therein. I
sometimes cast a thin lead ring around the middle of the metal hollow core or
lining pipe to facilitate an equal portion being inserted in each of the lead pipes,
and I prefer to prepare the metal hollow core or lining pipe by tinning the surface
thereof. The two ends of the pipes are then joined together by the application of
heat and pressure combined by means of one or more of the several kinds of
apparatus hereinafter described or otherwise upon the hollow core or lining pipe in
such manner that when the joint is made the hollow core or lining pipe is embedded
and soldered inside the lead pipe joint, and the ends of the lead pipe outside are
fused together into a homogeneous mass or in conjunction with other soft metal.
The joint may be finished or cleaned off by means of apparatus hereinafter described
for that purpose. But it is obvious that portions of the foregoing processes may be
omitted, whereby a modified, and consequently less perfect, joint inay be obtained.
I construct the special apparatus for preparing the pipe ends by making a suitable
framing, on which are affixed clips or a clip for holding the pipe or pipes, and
having a mandril, upon which slides a bush of the size required; this bush is forced
by screw or lever action into the pipe ends, thus distending them to the size
required for the hollow core or lining pipe. I construct the apparatus for fusing
the joint of a suitable framing, on which are formed clips to hold the pipes in
position when prepared with the hollow core or lining pipe. These clips are caused
to approach each other, or one to approach the other, on suitable guides or slides by
screw, spring, or other pressure as the metal of the pipes melts on the application
of heat. To prevent the heat from melting other portions of the pipe than where
the joint is to be made, I provide hollow chambers between the clips and the joint
through which the pipes pass, which chambers are filled in with sand, fireclay,
plumbago, or other nonconducting substances, and I surround the ends of the pipes
to be joined with a suitably formed mould, so that the resistance to the spring or
screw pressure brings the joint into the required form. Or the joint may be made
by pouring into the mould molten lead or other soft metal.
In either case the mould may be formed with a hollow-chamber or jacket sur-
rounding it, to enable a stream of molten metal to be passed through for the purpose
of heating the mould, or a stream of cold water to be passed through for the more
rapid cooling of the metal and mould when the joint is made. A modification whereby
great simplicity and economy is attained may be accomplished in the following
manner I construct a suitably shaped mould capable of clipping or clasping the
pipe after the two ends requiring to be joined are brought together by means of the
insertion of the metal core or lining pipe, into which mould I pour molten soft metal
or solder which fuses with or solders to the ends of the pipes and solders the same
to the metal core, and so completes the joint, such mould being provided with a
loose supply pipe and a loose discharge pipe to enable the molten metal to be
poured in, and the surplus to pass out until the joint is made complete, the

page_text: Pipes placed at any angie. Another mouincation is effected by using the metal
core or lining pipe, and soldering thereon the joint by the ordinary methods of
wiping or soldering the same. The apparatus for finishing or cleaning off is con-
structed by making a frame, to which is attached clips for the holding of the pipe,
and to the bosses of which clips is fitted, and capable of revolving round the same,
a frame carrying a cutting or scraping tool in such manner that when the tool is
turned round the pipe it is capable of being adjusted so as to cut or scrape off the
superfluous metal."
But that the improvements may be better understood I will, by the aid of the
accompanying Drawings, proceed more fully to describe means employed by me.
DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS.
Fig. 1 shows a longitudinal section of joint made by means of my improved
apparatus with the hollow core or lining pipe conjoined.
Fig. 2 shows an elevation of apparatus for preparing the pipe ends.
Fig. 3 shows elevation, partly in section, of apparatus for fusing the lead pipes
together by means of heat and pressure combined.
Fig. 4 shows a transverse section of the modified mould for making the joint
by means of solder or other soft metal; Fig. 5 shows transverse section of similar
mould for joining a lead pipe to a branch; Fig. 6 shows transverse section of
apparatus for finishing or cleaning the joint when made. The same letters indicate
corresponding parts wherever they occur. a, a, is the lead pipes under operation;
b, b, is the hollow metal core or lining pipe; c, c, is the framing, on which is affixed
the clip or clips for holding the pipes; d, d, is the mandril, upon which slides the
bush d', d, which is forced by screw or lever action into the pipe ends, thus
preparing the same for the hollow core or lining pipe; e, e, are the clips for holding
the pipes during the application of heat thereto, and which may be brought
towards each other, or one brought towards the other, as the metal of the pipes
melts on the application of heat; ff, are the hollow chambers filled in with a
non conducting substance. A mould of any suitable form is applied to the pipe
ends to be joined, which mould may be made hot for the purpose of fusing the
pipe ends by means of a hollow chamber or jacket in the mould to allow a stream of
metal in a molten state to pass through, or the pipe ends may be made hot by other
means, and a stream of water may be allowed to pass through the same hollow
chamber as required; j, j, is the inlet pipe to the special modified moulds; and
k, k, is the outlet pipe to the same, which may be held in position by cramps,
screws, bolts, or any convenient means; h, h, is the frame carrying the cutting or
scraping tool h, h, for finishing the joint. I would here point out that considerable
variation can be made in the details of the apparatus described, that various
modifications thereof may be effected by using portions of the apparatus only, and
this without departing from the peculiar character of the Invention, which mainly
consists of the use of a hollow core or lining pipe having a tinned surface for
making joints in lead pipes for joining a lead pipe to a valve or tap or to a branch,
and in fusing the ends of such pipes together, or soldering the same, with apparatus,
wholly or in part, as described.
Having now described my improvements, and means I adopt in carrying the
same into effect, I would have it understood that I do not confine myself to the
exact details shown and described, but what I do claim is,-
1st. The use of a hollow core or lining pipe having a tinned surface for the
purpose of making a joint in or to lead pipes, substantially as shown and
described.
2nd. The making of a joint in or to lead pipes by means of moulds in conjunction
with a hollow core or lining pipe, whether such moulds are constructed so as to

page_text: fuse lead pipes together by means of heat and pressure or by pouring into such
moulds solder or other soft metal, substantially as shewn and described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Samuel Bennett, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this Twenty sixth day of January, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and eighty one.
Witness,
W. GADD,
Consulting Engineer,
64, Barton Arcade,
Manchester.
SAMUEL BENNETT. (L.S.)