IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF EARTHENWARE TUBES OR PIPES
Year: 1849

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, CHARLES
JACOB, of Nine Elms, in the County of Surrey, Engineer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her present most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Royal Letters Patent under the Great Seal of the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, bearing date at Westminster, the Twenty-eighth day
of February, One thousand eight hundred and forty-nine, in the Twelfth
year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant
unto me, the said Charles Jacob, my exors, adiñors, and assigns, Her especial
license, full power, sole privilege and authority, that I, the said Charles Jacob,
my exors, adñiors, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Charles Jacob,
my exors, adñiors, or assigns, should at any time agree with, and no
others, from time to time and at all times during the term of years therein
expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within
England, Wales, and the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, my Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF EARTHENWARE TUBES OR PIPES;" in which
said Letters Patent is contained a proviso that I, the said Charles Jacob,
should cause a particular description of the nature of my said Invention, and
in what manner the same is to be performed, by an instrument in writing
under my hand and seal, to be inrolled in Her said Majesty's High Court of
Chancery within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the
said in part recited Letters Patent, as in and by the same, reference being
thereunto had, will more fully and at large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
Charles Jacob, do hereby declare that the nature of my said Invention, and the

page_text: manner in which the same is to be performed, are fully described and ascer-
tained in and by the following statement thereof, reference being had to the
Drawings hereunto annexed, and to the figures and letters marked thereon,
that is to say:
My Invention consists of a mode of arranging apparatus for making sockets
on earthenware tubes or pipes. And in order that my ] Invention may be most
fully understood and readily carried into effect, I will proceed to describe the
means pursued by me.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS...
Figure 1 shews a machine such as has heretofore been used in manufac-
turing tubes of earthenware without sockets, to which is applied apparatus for
working according to my Invention; Figure 2 shows a section of the machine
and apparatus; Figure 3 shows a plan of the apparatus which is employed
for making the sockets; Figure 4 shows an under side view of some of the
parts seen as if looking up from below the machine. The other detail views
of the Drawings are marked. with the same letters of reference as the same
parts in the Figures already mentioned, and, where necessary, the nature of these
detail views. is written on the Drawings. The machine for making the tubes
or pipes has a suitable opening and fixed core at its lower end, as heretofore,
and the clay or earthen matter is forced out by means of inclined blades on
the axis; but the clay may be forced out by other means. And I wish it to
be understood that the means of forcing the clay, and thereby forming the
tubes and pipes, do. not constitute any part of my. Invention. a is the cylinder
into which is put the clay or earthen plastic matter from which pipes and tubes
are to be made; is the axis with. 'inclined blades; c is a bevilled toothed
wheel on its axis b, by which it receives motion from a steam engine or other
power; d is the opening through which the clay is forced; e is the fixed core.
So far the machinery would only be suitable for making tubes and pipes withou.
sockets, and the tube or pipe would be of a diameter depending on the opening
through which the clay is forced, and the interior diameter would be governed
by: the fixed core as heretofore; but when making sockets on pipes or tubes
according to my Invention, a suitable mould is to be brought up at the proper
time, previous to which the end of the partially formed pipe or tube is to be
opened out by hand. The mould, being raised up, receives the end of the so
formed clay or earthy matter, and moulds, it to the figure of the intended socket,
the pressing of the socket mould against the end of the pipe or tube causing
the socket mould to be filled with clay, and thus will a socket be formed, and
then by putting the shaft 6 in motion the socket mould will recede from the
machine as the pipe or tube is formed. The shape and construction of the

page_text: socket mould, and also the means of moving it, may be varied, but the arrange-
ment I prefer is shewn in the Drawings. f is a ring which is carried by the
rod g, which is free to move up and down, and it is balanced by the weighted
cord h, which passes over the pulley i. To the ring f is affixed the part j, and
it also supports the part of the socket mould, there being projections *, *, on
the upper surface of j¹, within which is placed the other part of the socket
mould, and thus is the socket mould formed, and it is raised by the work-
man as liereafter explained. Figures 1 and 2 shew the parts in the position
just before raising the socket mould in contact with the pipe or tube which is
being formed. The workman having cut off (as hereafter described) a pipe
or tube, he, by his hands, will open the end of the portion remaining, so that
it will assume the shape shewn in Figure 2, when he will raise the socket
mould, and the clay will be caused to pass into the space between the parts j,j',
and 3, of the mould, and fill such space as shewn by the detached view,
Figure 8, the part j entering so as to form the interior of the socket, the part
sforming or shaping the exterior of the socket. The raising of the ring fand
socket moulding parts borne thereby from the position indicated by Figures 1
and 2 to that indicated by Figure 8, in order to form the socket on the pipe or
tube, is accomplished by means of the lever f¹, affixed to the axis f, which is
supported in bearings carried by the framing, and has affixed to or formed on
it the arm f, which, by coming under the end of the rod g, when the lever f¹
is raised from the position indicated by dotted lines in Figures 1 and 2, to the
position indicated by blue lines, raises the ring fand parts carried thereby into
the position indicated by Figure 8. The socket being thus, formed, the arm
fs is withdrawn by the lever f being again lowered. The shaft 6 is again put
in motion, when the further formation of the pipe or tube by the passage of
the clay through the die will force down the socket mould until the length of
pipe or tube desired is made, when the same will be cut off, and the process
repeated. Figure 2 shews by red lines the position to which the socket mould
in this machine descends; but machinery may be made for producing other
lengths of pipes or tubes. The parts and j³ of the socket mould, when they
arrive at the position shewn by red lines in Figure 2, are received on to a
carriage k, which is clearly shewn in the Drawing, and by means of which the
socket, carrying with it the pipe or tube can be moved into the position shewn
by red dotted lines in Figure 2, the part j of the socket mould being moved
into the position indicated by the dotted red lines before moving the carriage
from under the machine. The movement of the supporting ring f and part j
of the mould down out of the newly formed pipe or tube, to admit of the
removal of the pipe or tube on the carriage k, is accomplished by means of the

page_text: arm fo, formed on or affixed to the axis f, which is supported in bearings
carried by the framing, and has affixed to it the lever fs, by which the workman
acts upon the parts to bring them into the position indicated by the dotted red
lines, the arm f acting upon the T piece g³, which has eyes formed through
it to receive the guide rods g³, as shewn. These rods, 9 g, serve to guide the
upper part of the rod g (carrying the ring f and parts j) in its movement, and
to preserve the correct form of the pipe or tube being produced. When the
pipe or pipes have been thus moved, the part of the mould may be lifted off,
and the block raised into the socket, so as to take the weight of the tube or
pipe as shewn in the detached view, Figure 5; the carriage k will then be
moved back under the machine ready to receive a fresh tube. In thus moving
away the carriage k, the ring j' will be released, as shown by the Drawing,
Figure 5. The carriage m, and carrying board m³, are now to be introduced
under the block, and the block supporting the pipe or tube lowered on to the
carrying board m¹, which, by means of the carriage m travelling along its
railway, is to be moved into a position to have the pipe or tube carried by
workmen to a suitable drying place. And in order to facilitate the workmen
in thus carrying the pipe or tube from one place to the other, I make use of
the frame r, which I place under the carrying board m³, as shewn by Figures
6 and 7, and by means of the handles r,, the pipe or tube may readily be
supported between two men. The lifting of the pipe or tube when on the
block is performed by the workman in the following manner :-The block is
supported on the spindle n, when the tube or pipe is run out on the carriage,
and when in a proper position the spindle n, and block 6, are raised by the
lever o, acted on by the treadle p, at which time the carriage k is to be run
back under the tube or pipe making machine, and the parts of the socket
mould are to be put together, and the same is to be raised into the position
shewn by Figures 1 and 2, by the workman either pulling down the weighted
end of the cord h, or lifting the rod g. Another pipe or tube with its socket
is then to be made and to be cut off, the cutting off being performed by a wire
9, stretched between the two parts of the bent rod q', which is capable of sliding
in the bearings carried by the framing. In moving the bent bar q' from
the back towards the front of the machine, for the purpose of cutting off
the length of pipe or tube, the workman takes hold of the part q³ of the
rod q².
In order to facilitate the sudden stopping of the axis b, when the pipe or
tube has descended to its lowest position, and also to put the axis b in motion
when required, I make use of the following arrangement:-, ¹, are the two
parts of a friction clutch; the part z is affixed to the shaft t, to which motion

page_text: is given by means of a steam engine or other suitable power; the part 2¹ is
carried by the shaft u, upon which the bevelled pinion v (by which motion is
given to the bevelled wheel c) is fixed; this part ¹ is carried by the shaft u,
with a capability of sliding longitudinally thereon, and by the friction of its
surface it is capable of being held by the part z, and caused to travel there-
with. When those parts are in contact, or when they are withdrawn from
contact, the part ¹ will remain stationary. This is accomplished in the fol-
lowing manner:-On the boss of the part is formed a neck which receives
the collar; this collar is formed in two parts as shewn, and has pins formed
on it which are received into the lever v, which at one end is supported so as
to turn on the pin v', and at the other end is connected by means of the rod w
to the lever a, by which the workman acts upon the parts as required.
Having thus described the nature of my Invention, and the manner in
which the same is performed, I would have it understood that I do not claim
any of the mechanical parts separately, nor do I confine myself to the details
herein described, so long as the peculiar character of my Invention be retained,
whereby a socket is made on a partially formed tube or pipe by the application
of a socket mould as hercin explained.
In witness whereof I, the said Charles Jacob, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this Twenty-seventh day of August, in the year of our Lord