IMPROVEMENTS IN AND APPLICABLE TO RECEPTACLES SUITABLE TO CONTAIN ACIDS AND CORROSIVE LIQUIDS
Year: 1876

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John. Holden, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster,
for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN AND APPLICABLE TO RECEPTACLES
SUITABLE TO CONTAIN ACIDS AND CORROSIVE LIQUIDS."
Sealed the 28th March 1877, and dated the 4th October 1876.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION filed by the said John Holden at the Office of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN
the Commissioners of Patents on the 4th October 1876.
JOHN HOLDEN, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster.
AND APPLICABLE TO RECEPTACLES SUITABLE TO CONTAIN ACIDS AND CORROSIVE
LIQUIDS."
My Invention relates principally to receptacles used in the storage and trans-
port of acids. For this purpose glass "carboys" are usually employed, for the
reason that glass is the material best adapted to resist the action of nearly all acids,
but owing to its fragility the transport of acids in such receptacles is subject to
great risk. To remedy this defect is the object of my said Invention. To this
end I in the first place enclose the carboy or a specially formed glass receptacle in
an outer casing of wood or other material capable of withstanding rough usage in
such a manner as that a vacant space is left between the said casing and the glass
in all parts; and I fill this space with melted parafin or with wax, or with a
mixture or material which will have a similar useful effect to the said parafin, as
for example, a mixture of tallow and wax, or bituminous or resinuous matter or
matters may be found to be suitable.
According to one method I build up the said easing of layers or rings, or portions
of rings of wood, cemented together with marine glue, or otherwise secured
together; and I employ small pieces of vulcanized caoutchouc or felt to maintain
the said space between the casing and the glass. Suitable handles may be fixed
to the said casing.

page_text: In the second place I provide the glass receptacle or carboy with a glass stopper,
which is ground to fit the opening in the neck of the receptacle in a suitably fluid-
tight manner,; and I provide a cap or cover to protect the said stopper and the
neck of the receptacle from injury. The said cap may be made of metal, and be
arranged to be secured to the upper part of the aforesaid casing by means of screws
or nuts, or of "turn buttons," or by any suitable appliances. I may provide the
said cap with an elastic cushion or spring, which presses upon the said stopper
when the said cap is fixed in position over the said stopper. Receptacles so con-
structed may be found to be suitable to be used in the storage and transport of
liquids other than those herein-before indicated.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
"
the said John Holden in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 4th April 1877.
JOHN HOLDEN, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster. IMPROVEMENTS IN
AND APPLICABLE TO RECEPTACLES SUITABLE TO CONTAIN ACIDS AND CORROSIVE
LIQUIDS."
My Invention relates principally to receptacles used in the storage and transport
of acids. For this purpose glass "carboys" are usually employed, for the reason
that glass is the material best adapted to resist the action of nearly all acids, but
owing to its fragilty the transport of acids in such receptacles is subject to great
risk. To remedy this defect is the object of my said Invention. To this end I
in the first place enclose the carboy or a specially formed glass receptacle in an outer
casing of wood or other material capable of withstanding rough usage in such a
manner as that a vacant space is left between the said casing and the glass in all
parts; and I fill this space with melted paraffin, with wax, or with a mixture or
material which will have a similar useful effect to the said paraffin.
In the second place I provide the glass receptacle or carboy with a glass stopper,
which is ground to fit the opening in the neck of the receptacle in a suitably fluid-
tight manner; and I provide a cap or cover to protect the said stopper and the
neck of the receptacle from injury. The said cap may be arranged to be secured
to the upper part of the aforesaid casing. I prefer to provide the said cap with an
elastic cushion or spring, which presses upon the said stopper when the said cap
is fixed in position over the said stopper.
And in order that my Invention may be fully understood I have appended here-
unto a Sheet of Drawings marked with letters of reference to which Drawings I will
now refer.
Fig. 1, drawn about one fourth of the full size, represents a vertical section of
a receptacle for the transport of acids and other liquids.
This receptacle consists of an inner glass vessel a secured within an outer wooden
casing b. The said vessel in the example is inade of a barrel form, and the said
wooden casing is formed of wood lags, fitted, secured together, and hooped, as in
the case of ordinary casks. The glass vessel is placed within the wooden cask or
casing, and the cask is "headed up," the neck of the vessel passing through an
opening in the centre of the head of the cask. In order to maintain an interval of
space between the interior of the cask and the glass vessel small pieces of vulcanized
caoutchouc are secured to the interior of the cask or to the exterior of the vessel in
suitable situations; or if preferred felt or other suitable material may be employed
for the same purpose. When the said vessel is placed in the cask the said pieces
of caoutchouc prevent direct contact between the glass and the wood in any part.
When the cask has been headed up with the glass vessel inside I pour melted
paraffin into the space between the glass vessel and the interior of the cask until the

page_text: said space is completely filled In the Drawing the paraffin is represented in solid
black. When the said paraffin is set the receptacle may be subjected to com-
The said vessel
paratively rough usage without breaking the inner glass vessel.
in the example is made of a special form to suit the form of the cask, but it must
be understood that I do not contine myself in any way to the form of the said
vessel.
Fig. 2 represents a vertical half section of an ordinary glass carboy. In this
example the wood casing is built up of layers or rings or portions of rings of wood,
cemented together with marine glue or otherwise secured together by suitable
means. When building up this casing I turn each ring or layer of wood to suit
the outer form of the carboy, so that when the layers are built up the carboy is
enclosed. A space is left between the glass and the wood and this space is filled
as in the previous example. The receptacles may be provided with handles, as
indicated at c, and may be strengthened with metal bands, or be otherwise pro-
vided and furnished as required or considered to be most suitable in each case.
I have mentioned paraffin because I have found this material to be very suitable,
but other and cheaper materials may be used for the same purpose if found to be
suitable without departing from the nature and intent of my Invention, such for
example, as bituminous matters, wax, and mixtures of tallow or fat, and bituminous
or resinous matters. The remaining Figures illustrate the second part of my
Invention.
In Fig. 1 represents the upper part of the neck of a carboy or receptacle;
and e is a glass stopper, which is ground to fit into the said neck. To protect the
Baid neck and stopper a cap f is secured to the casing in which the carboy or
receptacle is enclosed. The said cap is provided with an elastic cushion g, which
is secured to the inside of the cap and presses upon the stopper when the cap is
fixed in position.
Various arrangements may be employed to effect the fastening of the said cap.
In the Drawings I have illustrated such arrangements as I now consider to be most
suitable, Figs. 4 and 5 being drawn about full size. To the said casing are
secured a tec-headed stump h and a hooked-shaped stump i.
When the cap is
placed in position the said stumps enter recesses in the under side of the said cap.
The cap being now shifted a little sideways and slightly turned a slotted plate k
passes below the tee-head h, and a plate passes below the hook i. A sliding spring
bolt m now shoots into a hole in the plate b and securely locks the cap. The cap
cannot be removed without drawing the bolt m outwards until its lower end is out
of the said hole. I consider the arrangement to be suitable, because there are no
loose fastenings to get lost or damaged, and the fastenings are conceald and
defended from damage. In the example the cap is supposed to be made of wood,
but it may be made of metal or other suitable material. Receptacles so constructed
may be found to be suitable to be used in the storage and transport of liquids other
than those herein-before indicated. Although I have mentioned wood more par-
ticularly as being used in the making of the outer casings, I do not intend to
confine myself to the use of wood, as I may use wholly or partially sheet iron or
other metal or material if considered to be more suitable in any case or for any
reason.
Having now fully described and indicated the nature of my said Invention, and
the manner in which I carry the same into practical effect, I would have it to be
understood in conclusion that I claim,-
First. The protecting of glass vessels or receptacles for the purposes herein-before
indicated by enclosing them in outer casings, and by pouring melted paraffin or
other suitable melted material into spaces between the vessels or recoptacles and the
said casings.
Secondly. The method of casing and protecting glass receptacles, substantially as
set forth and indicated herein-before and in the accompanying Drawings.
And Lastly. The arrangements for closing and protecting the mouths of recep

page_text: tacles, substantially as and for the purposes set forth and indicated herein-before
and in the accompanying Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Holden, have hereunto set my hand and
seal, this Third day of April, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight
hundred and seventy-seven.
Signed and sealed by the
said John Holden, in
the presence of
EDWARD K. DUTTON,
Agent to the Patentee,
3, Princess Street,
Manchester.
JOHN HOLDEN. (L.S.)