IMPROVEMENTS IN BOILERS AND FURNACES."
Year: 1853

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Edward Green, of Wakefield, in the County
of York, Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN BOILERS
AND FURNACES."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Edward Green
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 10th December 1853.
I, EDWARD GREEN, of Wakefield, in the County of York, Engineer,
do hereby declaro the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN BOLLERS AND FURNACES" to be as follows:-
I fix laterally or across the length of boilers, or at right angles to
the fire bars, rows of tubes. The outer ends of these tubes open into a
flue through which the flame and products of combustion pass, and
are made to return through other tubes into a second flue.
In a convenient part of the first flue I fit doors or valves for the
purpose of reaching the tubes readily, in order to their being cleaned.
In some cases I use two fires, and separate them by means of a division
of brick work or other material carried up about three feet, more or

page_text: Jess. Between the top of this partition and the top of the furnace, and
also between the two boilers, there is a space which forms a combus-
tion chamber, and wherein the products from the two fires which are
fed alternately unite and then traverse the tubes to and fro in the
boilers, after which the products of combustion which may remain
unconsumed pass off underneath or from the boilers and from thence
to the chimney through flues provided for that purpose. My combus-
tion chamber is also applicable to plain boilers without tubes. Two
boilers and two fires are used; the combustion chamber is formed
between the boilers by a partition or partitions of brickwork or other
suitable material. The products of combustion pass through the com-
bustion chamber, and by the side of or between the boilers, and return
across and underneath the boilers into a side flue, and from thence into
the chimney
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Edward Green in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 10th June 1854.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I,
EDWARD GREEN, of Wakefield, in the County of York, Engineer, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Tenth day of December, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-three, in the seven-
teenth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said Edward Green, Her special licence
that I, the said Edward Green, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, or such others as I, the said Edward Green, my executors, ad-
ministrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others,
from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein
expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend,
within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN BOILERS

page_text: AND FURNACES," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said
Edward Green, by an instrument in writing under my hand and seal,
should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Inven-
tion, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the
same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Edward Green, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement thereof, reference being had to the
Drawings hereunto annexed, that is to say :-
My Invention consists of a mode or modes of constructing and
arranging steam boilers and furnaces with or without internal tubes for
the purpose of economising fuel, and preventing or consuming smoke.
In carrying my Invention into effect, I make use of one or two boilers,
and fix therein one, two, or more rows of tubes running from side to
side, or across their length, or at right angles to the length of the
boilers, or the fire bars. When one boiler only is used I employ a
single furnace, and when two boilers are employed I use a single fire or
two fires, which are separated by means of a partition or division of
brickwork or other materials carried up about two or three feet, more
or less, from the surface of the fire bars. Between the top of this par-
tition and the top of the furnace, and also between the two boilers,
there is a space which forms a combustion chamber, and wherein the
products from the two fires which are fed alternately unite, and then
traverso the tubes to and fro in the boilers, after which the products of
combustion which may remain unconsumed pass underneath the boilers,
and from thence to the chimney through flues provided for that pur-
pose. In some cases I apply my combustion chamber to plain boilers
without tubes. Two boilers and two fires are used, and the combus-
tion chamber is formed between the two boilers by means of a partition
or partitions of brickwork or other material, through which space or
chamber the products of combustion pass alongside or between the two
boilers, and then return across and underneath the boilers into the side
flues at the further end, and fron thence to the chimney.

page_text: Figure 1 of the Drawings annexed is a transverso section; Figure 2,
a plan; and Figure 3, a longitudinal section of a single boiler with
transverse tubes constructed and arranged according to my Invention.
A is the boiler, and B, B, the brickwork bed in which it is set. C, C,
are the transverse tubes, the ends of which are fitted to the sides of the
boiler or tube plates D, D, which are made of a greater thickness of
metal than the other parts of the boiler. E is the furnace; F, the fire
bridge; and G, a division wall, forming a continuation of the bridge and
extending across the side flue II. The combustion chamber I is formed
by the side flue H, or so much of it as is in front of the division wall G.
J is a division wall extending from the front of the boiler as far as the
fire bridge F. J' is a division wall running under the centre of the
boiler from the fire bridge F to the back of the setting; and K is a
division wall in the side flue II', extending beneath the boiler to the
longitudinal wall J. L is the flue leading to the chimney; and M, a
doorway for cleaning out the tubes. The products of combustion from
the furnace rise into the combustion chamber I, then pass through the
first set of tubes with which that chamber communicates into the side
flue H, thence through the second set of tubes to the side flue II, and
from thence through the third set of tubes to the chimney fluc, as
indicated by the arrows.
Figure 1 a is a transverse section; Figure 2 a, a longitudinal sec-
tion; and Figure 3a, a plan of a pair of steam boilers and furnaces
constructed and arranged according to my Invention. A, A, are the
two boilers set side by side; and B, B, is the brickwork bed on which
they are supported, the bottoms of the boilers resting on the bed at a, a,
throughout their length, and on the cross walls at the middle and at
each end. C, is a brickwork or other arch covering in the space
between the boilers, and placed so as to be below the water line. D, D,
are the transverse tubes, the number of rows of which may be varied,
as may also the inclination at which they are placed. E, E, are the two
furnaces, and F is the partition between them. G, G, are the furnace
bridges which are built up to the bottoms of the boilers, and II is a
partition rising from the bridges up to the arch C. The space I, which
extends back as far as the partition II, forms the combustion chamber.

page_text: J, J, are the side flues, which are not formed entirely of brickwork, but
are covered in by flaps or doors K, K, hinged to the sides of the boilers
and resting on the stone, fire brick, or quarry copings of the brickwork
at each side. These flaps or doors are for the purpose of facilitating
the cleaning out of the tubes. L is a stop or partition at the further
end of the boilers, which closes the flue formed by the space between
them and behind the partition II, with the exception of a passage M,
through which the products of combustion pass to the chimney flue N.
If desired, this stop or partition may be dispensed with. The fur-
naces E, E, aro stoked alternately, one of them being supplied with
fuel while the other is in a state of bright ignition. By this means the
carbonaceous matter and inflammable gases contained in the smoko
arising from the one furnace and entering the combustion chamber are
consumed there by the flame from the other furnace. The united pro-
ducts from the two furnaces pass from the combustion chamber
through the transverse tubes with which that chamber is in communi-
cation, then traverse the side flues, pass from them through the trans-
verso tubes behind the partition II, into the space between the boilers,
and then through the passage M, to the chimney fluc N, as indicated
by the arrows.
Figures 4 and 5 are respectively a longitudinal section and a plan of
a pair of boilers, constructed in such manner that the products of com-
bustion will be caused to pass backwards and forwards through the
transverse tubes three times instead of twice before reaching the
chimney flue. The partition L is in this case made to close entirely
the space between the boilers, so as to form with the partition H and
the centre walls J', J', a chamber P behind the combustion chamber I.
The partitions or stops R, R, in the side flues also close them entirely
at the parts where they are introduced, and there are two flues S, S,
at the end of the pair of boilers which lead to the chimney flue N.
The course taken by the products of combustion, after leaving the
chamber I, is indicated by the arrows. The other parts of the boiler
corresponding to Figures 1 a, 2 a, and 3 a, are marked with similar
letters.
Figure 4a is a transverse section, and Figure 5a, a longitudinal

page_text: section of a pair of steam boilers and furnaces arranged in a similar
manner to Figures 1 a, 2 a, and 3a, but having a greater number of
tubes, and the tube plates being made correspondingly deeper to admit
of such greater number of tubes being employed. The walls of the
side flues are formed with manholes or doors to allow the tubes to be
cleaned out, but the flaps or doors K, K, shewn in Figure 1 a, may be
used, if preferred. The boilers may also be arranged as shewn in
Figures 4 and 5.
Figure 6 is a transverse section; Figure 7, a plan; and Figure 8, a
longitudinal section of a pair of cylindrical boilers without tubes,
arranged according to another part of my Invention. A, A, are the
two boilers. B, B, the brickwork bed in which they are set; and C,
the arch covering in the space between them. D, D, are the two fur-
naces, and E, E, two partitions between them, between which partitions
a space is left which communicates with the combustion chamber F, or
a single solid partition of less height may be used, and the combustion
chamber formed over it. G, G, are the furnace bridges which are built
up to the bottoms of the boilers and into the side flues II, II, which they
close at those parts. The combustion chamber is continued back to
the bridge I, which is built up to the arch C and against the bottoms
of the boilers to about the centre, as shewn by the dotted lines. The
side flues H, H, extend back round the ends of the boilers as far as the
stops J, J, and from thence communicate underneath the boilers with
the flue K leading to the chimney. The course taken by the products
of combustion is indicated by the arrows. This arrangement may be
varied by causing the products of combustion to follow a more or less
.circuitous course on their way to the chimney.
And having now described the nature of my said Invention, and in
what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that I do not limit
myself to any precise number of rows of transverse tubes, whether the
same are horizontal or diagonal, nor do I confine myself to the precise
arrangements of steam boilers and furnaces herein-before described, as
the same may be varied without departing from my Invention. But
what I claim as my Invention is,—
First, the mode or modes of constructing and arranging a single

page_text: boiler and furnace or furnaces in such manner that the products of
combustion shall be caused to traverse to and fro to the chimney
through horizontal or diagonal transverse tubes fitted therein, as herein-
before described. And,
Second, the mode or modes of constructing and arranging two or
more steam boilers and furnaces in such manner that a combustion
chamber shall be formed between the two or every two boilers wherein
the products of combustion from the furnaces shall unite, and then be
caused to divide and pass to and fro to the chimney,. either through
horizontal or diagonal transverse tubes in the boilers, or through flues
around and underneath them, as herein-before described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Edward Green, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Seventh day of June, One thousand
eight hundred and fifty-four.