Improvements in Apparatus for Raising and Lowering Objects.
Year: 1892

page_text: Date of Application, 4th Feb., 1892
Complete Specification Left, 31st Mar., 1892-Accepted, 7th May, 1892
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Apparatus for Raising and Lowering Objects.
I, OSCAR HILLERSCHEIDT of the firm of A. Hillerscheidt Söhne, of No. 58
Schonhauser Aller, Berlin, Germany, do hereby declare the nature of this invention
to be as follows:-
My invention relates to improvements in raising and lowering gear which have
for their object, on the one hand, to cause a braking apparatus connected with such
gear to be acted upon by the load to be raised in such manner that after the
hauling power has ceased to be exerted, the load cannot of itself descend again by
gravity, while on the other hand the said brake apparatus can be released at will
by hand to such an extent as to allow the load to descend with any desired moderate
velocity.
I will proceed to describe the said invention with reference to the accompanying
drawings, in which it is applied to ordinary pulley blocks or sheaves, such for
example as the kind indicated diagrammatically at Fig. 15.
The Figs. 1 to 19 shew examples in which the raised load acts upon a rotation
body constituting the brake disc, which is acted upon in a radial direction by a
brake block, while Figs. 20 to 26 shew arrangements in which the brake is actuated
by an axial pressure exerted by the load on one of the driving axles of the
apparatus.
In the arrangement shewn in side view and vertical section at Figs. 1 and 2, an
ordinary worm and worm wheel pulley block is connected with its suspension hook g
by a cross head T which can revolve in all directions in one of the block checks,
while in the other block cheek it is carried, also rotatable in all directions, by an
eccentric which in its turn is rotatable in the block check, and has attached to it
a lever k which is connected to a brake and can be moved by hand so as to release
such brake.
The brake disc which can be on any rotating spindle of the apparatus, contains
ratchet teeth r with which gears a pawls so arranged as to leave the brake spindle
free to revolve independently of the brake disc in the direction corresponding to
the raising of the load, but when the spindle revolves in the contrary direction
consequent upon the sinking of the load the pawl carries the brake disc with it.
The application of the frictional brake surfaces such as, in the present instance,
the brake band upon the brake disc s', is effected by causing the load by means of
the pulley block to exert a pull at the actual centre of the eccentric i, while the
suspension hook g is connected to the eccentric centre of rotation T of the
eccentric i If now the line drawn through these two centres is situated suffi-
ciently beyond the vertical centre line of suspension, the eccentric i will on the
downward pull exerted by the load on the block, be caused to rotate to a certain
extent and is thereby made to impart motion to the lever arm k which is fixed
thereto, and this in its turn actuates a rod F so as to cause this to apply the brake
band to the disc s'. By suitably proportioning the eccentricity of i, and the length
of leverage at which the rod Facts, it is possible to determine at will the amount
of brake power applied. When applying the said braking device to hauling
apparatus of the above described kind as at present constructed, the brake will of
course be applied with the greater force, the heavier the load is, and with a pro-
portionately great eccentricity and leverage this action can be such as to actually
prevent the descent of the load.
In order now to permit of the load being lowered at any desired speed, it is only
necessary to move the lever by hand in the direction in which it will effect the

page_text: release of the brake band, for which purpose of course the lever k must be of a
sufficient length.
Instead of a single lever k and eccentric i, there may be two of these, namely an
eccentric and lever on each side cheek of the block, and these may be made to act
in such manner that of the two corresponding rods F one is made to apply its
brake strap by pressure, and the other by tension.
The corresponding arrangement of the eccentrics that is to say, the positions of
the centres of motion for the above case is shewn at Figs. 3 and 4. With hauling
apparatus for smaller loads the eccentric i would have to be too large in proportion ;
in this case therefore instead of an eccentric I employ the arrangement shewn at
Fig. 5, where it is replaced by a lever on which are provided the centre pin i¹
for the attachment of the suspension hook, the centre pin 2 for attachment to the
block cheeks, such centre pins taking the place of the centre T and centre of
eccentric in the previous arrangement.
Figs. 6 and 7 shew a construction in which, in place of mounting the crosshead T
of the hook g in eccentrics as at Fig. 2, the axis of the chain wheel & carrying the
load is mounted in eccentrics i. The levers of the eccentrics are connected at
their ends with the pins of a brake block g', which presses upon a brake disc s¹
connected rotatably with the cheeks of the hauling apparatus. On raising the
load, the brake disc s' is stationary, but on ceasing to haul up the load the pawl s
on a revolving shaft, here shewn to be the worm shaft, gears with the ratchet
teeth of the brake disc s' and thus prevents the backward motion of the axis and
consequently the sinking of the load, the pawls being made to slide over the
ratchet teeth during the hauling motion. On releasing the brake disc s¹ to a
greater or less extent of the pressure of the brake block by hand, it will be carried
round with the axis by means of the pawl, such rotation and consequently the
descent of the load being governed by the pressure of the brake block.
g"
The ready raising of the brake block g' or of its lever is in Fig. 7 shewn to
be effected by means of a hand lever k and eccentric; it may however be effected
in any other convenient manner such as by a wedge, screw, short lever arm &c.
In the arrangement shewn at Figs. 8 and 9 the eccentric lever k, whose eccentric i
is here made to carry the crosshead of the hook g as first described, bears with its
brake block g against the brake disc s, which rests rotatable ou the brake
surfaces a¹ a¹ carried by the side cheeks.
A pawls carried by the load chain wheel slides over the teeth of the brake
disc when rotated in the direction for raising the load, but gears with the same as
soon as the hauling strain ceases, and thus prevents any backward rotation of the
chain wheel until the brake block g¹ is slightly raised by hand, whereupon the
brake disc will be caused by the pawls to rotate in overcoming a greater or less
amount of frictional resistance, and this will allow of the backward rotation of the
chain wheel and descent of the load.
The relative motion between the suspending hook 9 and the point to which the
loaded hauling device such as the chain wheel &c., is connected, and which in the
examples described was effected by means of excentrics i, can also be effected by
suitably arranged inclines, such as screws or wedges, which are caused by the load 4
to slide upon each other and thereby to actuate a brake device which automatically
prevents the backward motion of the hauling device from which the load is
suspended.
V
An example of this kind is shewn at Fig. 10. The inclines are here formed by
the sloping or helical surfaces of two claws vt, of which is rotatably mounted on 5
the axis of the other one t and which, when not loaded is caused by a spring, not
shewn, to occupy a certain position of rest.
The second claw t is connected to the hook g so as not to be rotatable, and has
an arm u which controls by means of a rigid or flexible connecting device such as
a rod, cord, or chain, a brake appliance, acting upon any rotating part of the hauling 5
apparatus.
When this apparatus is loaded, the full pressure of the load is transferred to the

page_text: inclined faces of the claws vt; the claw however yields to the pressure while
rotating slightly, so that both claws are made to engage with each other to a
greater extent and the block cheeks are thus made to descend somewhat. But
as the claw t remains at its original height its arm u will have a relative motion in
respect to the casing h, and is thereby made to bring the brake into action as already
described. By turning the claw v back to a greater or less extent by hand either
directly or with intermediate gear, the arm u and rod F will receive a relative
motion in the contrary direction to that above described, whereby the brake will be
more or less released and the load allowed to descend.
Figs. 11 and 12 shew a construction in which the load suspended from the hauling
apparatus is made to act upon a brake through the hauling chain wheel b itself,
without the intervention of excentrics, or other similar intermediate devices. The
said chain wheel 6 is formed with an internal cavity corresponding to the configura-
tion of any body of revolution s¹, which is fitted therein.
The chain wheel and the disc s' form between their contact surfaces a brake
which on the raising of the load has no action, but which, on the stoppage of the
hauling motion is at once brought into action by a cam z, which is automatically
applied against the disc with a force which is the greater, the greater is the tendency
of the load to carry the disc s¹ round with it by means of the chain wheel.
The lowering of the load at any desired speed is effected by a corresponding
release of the cam z from its grip against the disc by means of the lever k actuated
by hand.
Figs. 13 and 14 shew a construction in which the brake disc s¹ rests upon two
wedge like surfaces a¹ and has a central bore through which passes the one end of
the chain wheel spindle c. The brake disc has teeth over which rides a pawl r of
the chain wheel b when the load is being raised.
On the hauling power being stopped, the pawl gears with the teeth of the brake
disc and thus prevents the backward rotation of the chain wheel b owing to the
frictional contact between s¹ and a¹ until by raising the end of the spindle c the
disc s¹ is more or less raised off the inclines a', and thus allows the load to descend.
Figs. 16 to 19 shew constructions in which, instead of effecting the application of
the brake by a slight motion of the loaded blocker frame of the hauling apparatus
or by the loaded chain wheel, as in Figs. 1 to 14, a lever is provided below the
apparatus which is caused to apply the brake by being acted upon by the fixed end P¹
of the hauling chain, as at Fig. 15.
In the arrangement at Fig. 16, i is the excentric through the excentric bore of
which the bolt of the shackle / passes, that connects the fixed end P¹ of the
hauling chain to the hauling apparatus. The lever k', fixed to the excentric i, as
also the rod F connected thereto, transmit the tendency to rotary motion of the
excentric produced by the pull of the loaded chain P as a straight pull to the
brake-device, which is not shewn.
For relieving the brake, the lever is drawn downwards more or less by means
of the cord so that the fixed end of the chain P¹ as also the lever k¹ and rod Fare
slightly raised and thus move the brake block or strap out of action to the required
degree to allow of a corresponding descent of the load.
In the arrangements shewn at Figs. 17 and 18, the excentric is transformed into
a hook i from which the end of the chain P is suspended.
The arrangement at Fig. 17 will be readily understood without further description.
With regard to Fig. 18 it may be stated that with this construction the length of lever
arm for the attachment of the load can be varied within certain limits by means of a
screw w. This has for its object to enable the braking pressure to be varied, if one
and the same hauling apparatus is employed, first for a length of time to raise
heavy loads, and then for a length of time lighter loads.
Also, if a greater or less quantity of oil should pass unintentionally to the brake
surfaces from the spindle bearings, it may become necessary to adjust the brake
leverage.
In Fig. 18 the screw w presses the brake block directly against the brake surface,

page_text: If the screw is turned backward in the direction of the arrow y, the point of attach-
ment of the chain P₁ will, in consequence of the slight rotation of the lever ki,
approach the vertical line passing through the point of suspension 2 of the lever
and consequently the ideal leverage at which the load acts will become shorter,
while the lever arm from the point to the point of the screw w remains about
the same.
The result will therefore be that the brake pressure will be diminished.
In adjusting the screw in the contrary direction to the arrow y, it will be seen
that an increase of the brake pressure will be produced. As in the construction at
Fig. 18 the hand lever k acts upon the lever k¹ by means of a cam for the purpose
of enabling a very slight release of the brake to be effected with a heavy load on
the hauling apparatus, it may be necessary, in adjusting the screw w, also to provide
for a corresponding adjustment of the axis of the lever k.
In Fig. 19 the eccentric i is also replaced by a short lever, the second arm k¹ of
which however presses a brake block formed as a wedge against the brake surface a'.
The release of the brake is effected by a corresponding slight backward motion of
the wedge g by means of the hand lever k and a small pressing rod 2. The pre-
ceding arrangements all relate to apparatus with radially loaded brake discs.
will now describe arrangements in which the brake disc is acted upon in the axial
direction.
With these latter arrangements the construction of the brake itself will not be
fully described because this is immaterial in respect of the action of the present
improvements. On this account the locking arrangements, which consist as a rule
of a pawl and ratchet wheel, are omitted in the constructions shown, which are
treated more as diagrams. See for example Figs. 1 to 19. In the following con-
structions reference is only made to the arrangement for releasing the brake, that
is to say for permitting the descent of the load at a greater or less speed.
In Fig. 20, is the loaded chain wheel which is driven by the worm wheel a from
the worm shaft c'. The shaft e¹ rests as usual in two bearings a and w², of which
the latter, w², can also be supported in a rotatable manner in a part of the frame.
Between the bearings the shaft c¹ is connected with any suitable form of brake
which is put in action by means of a pressure exerted on the shaft in the
direction of the arrow y or by a shifting of the shaft in the said direction.
The bearing 2 of the shaft c¹ is provided at its outer end face which is directed
towards the hand chain wheel 3 with axially placed ratchet teeth d² into which
take the ratchet teeth 2 of a lever k rotatable on the shaft c', the smooth end
surface of the boss of lever being pressed upon with only slight frictional
contact by the surface of the boss of the hand chain wheel b³. The action of the
above described arrangement is such that the automatic descent of the load is
effected by the release of the brake by turning a lever k by means of a cord / in
such manner that the ratchet teeth d² and e², which constitute inclined planes, are
made to effect a slight longitudinal motion of the shaft c' in the direction of the
arrow. The extent of the lever motion thus effects the greater or less release of
the brake and a corresponding quicker or slower descent of the load. The return
motion of the lever k is erected automatically at the subsequent raising of a load
by the friction of the boss of the wheel 3 against the same. It can, however, also
be effected by means of springs or a balance weight 2 as at Fig. 21. The ratchet
teeth and can also be replaced by a corresponding screw thread 92 Fig. 22,
which is formed on the boss of the lever k and which takes into a female thread in
the bearing a Fig. 22.
Fig 23 shows an arrangement of the described brake releasing device in which a
female screw thread is formed in the thrust block into which screws a spindle m²
of the lever k, so that, by turning the said lever, the end of the pin is caused to
force back the shaft c¹ for the purpose of releasing the brake.
In the arrangement shewn at Figs. 24 to 26 the pin 12 serves as an abutment for the
shaft c' which is moved back longitudinally for the release of the brake by acting
on the said piu either by means of an elbow lever k k Fig. 24, or by an eccentric n

page_text: turned by lever k as at Fig. 25, or by means of a wedge o² moved by lever k as
at Fig. 26.
ה וינז
1
1002
ABEL & IMRAY,
Agents for the Applicant.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Apparatus for Raising and Lowering Objects.
1, OSCAR HILLERSCHEIDT of the firm of A. Hillerscheidt Söhne, of
No. 58 Schonhauser Aller Berlin, Germany, do hereby declare the nature of this
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
My invention relates to improvements in raising and lowering gear which have
for their object, on the one hand, to cause a braking apparatus connected with such
gear to be acted upon by the load to be raised in such manner that after the
hauling power has ceased to be exerted, the load cannot of itself descend again by
gravity, while on the other hand the said brake apparatus can be released at will
by hand to such an extent as to allow the load to descend with any desired
moderate velocity.
I will proceed to describe the said invention with reference to the drawings
accompanying my Provisional Specification in which it is applied to ordinary pulley
blocks or sheaves, such for example as the kind indicated diagrammatically at
Fig. 15.
The Figs. 1 to 19 show examples in which the raised load acts upon a rotation
body constituting the brake disc, which is acted upon in a radial direction
by a brake block, while Figs. 20 to 26 shew arrangements in which the brake is
actuated by an axial pressure exerted by the load on one of the driving axles of the
apparatus.
In the arrangement shewn in side view and vertical section at Figs. 1 and 2, an
ordinary worm and worm wheel pulley block is connected with its suspension hook g
by a crosshead T which can revolve in all directions in one of the block cheeks,
while in the other block cheek it is carried, also rotatable in all directions, by an
eccentric which in its turn is rotatable in the block cheek, and has attached to it
a lever which is connected to a brake and can be moved by hand so as to release
such brake.
The brake disc which can be on any rotating spindle of the apparatus, contains
ratchet teeth with which gears a pawls so arranged as to leave the brake spindle
free to revolve independently of the brake disc in the direction corresponding to
the raising of the load, but when the spindle revolves in the contrary direction
consequent upon the sinking of the load the pawl carries the brake disc with it.
The application of the frictional brake surfaces such as, in the present instance,
the brake band upon the brake dise s', is effected by causing the load, by means of
the pulley block, to exert a pull at the actual centre of the eccentric i while the
suspension hook g is connected to the eccentric centre of rotation T of the
eccentric i.
If now the line drawn through these two centres is situated sufficiently beyond
the vertical centre line of suspension, the eccentric i will on the downward pull
exerted by the load on the block, be caused to rotate to a certain extent and is
thereby made to impart motion to the lever arm k which is fixed thereto, and this
in its turn actuates a rod F so as to cause this to apply the brake band to the disc s'.
By suitably proportioning the eccentricity of i, and the length of leverage at
which the rod Facts, it is possible to determine at will the amount of brake power
applied. When applying the said braking device to hauling apparatus of the above
described kind as at present constructed, the brake will of course be applied with
the greater force, the heavier the load is, and with a proportionately great

page_text: of the load.
Page is action can be so as to acotany prevent the descent
In order now to permit of the load being lowered at any desired speed, it is only
necessary to move the lever by hand in the direction in which it will effect the
release of the brake band, for which purpose of course the lever k must be of a
sufficient length.
Instead of a single lever and eccentric i, there may be two of these, namely an
eccentric and lever on each side cheek of the block, and these may be made to act
in such manner that of the two corresponding rods F one is made to apply its brake
strap by pressure, and the other by tension.
The corresponding arrangement of the eccentrics that is to say, the positions of
the centres of motion for the above case is shewn at Figs. 3 and 4.
With hauling
apparatus for smaller loads the eccentric i would have to be too large in proportion;
in this case therefore instead of an eccentric I employ the arrangement shewn at
Fig. 5, where it is replaced by a lever on which are provided the centre pin i
for the attachment of the suspension hook, the centre pin 2 for attachment to the
block cheeks, such centre pins taking the place of the centre T and centre of
eccentric in the previous arrangement.
g
Figs. 6 and 7 shew a construction in which, in place of mounting the crosshead T
of the hook in eccentrics as at Fig. 2, the axis of the chain wheel 6 carrying the
load is mounted in eccentrics i. The levers of the eccentrics are connected at
their ends with the pins of a brake block g', which presses upon a brake disc i¹
connected rotatably with the cheeks of the hauling apparatus. On raising the
load, the brake discs is stationary, but on ceasing to haul up the load the pawl s
on a revolving shaft, here shewn to be the worm shaft, gears with the ratchet
teeth of the brake disc s¹ and thus prevents the backward motion of the axis and
consequently the sinking of the load, the pawls being made to slide over the
ratchet teeth during the hauling motion. On releasing the brake disc s to a
greater or less extent of the pressure of the brake block by hand, it will be carried
round with the axis by means of the pawl such rotation and consequently the
descent of the load being governed by the pressure of the brake block.
The ready raising of the brake block or of its lever is in Fig. 7 shewn to
be effected by means of a hand lever and eccentric, it may however be effected in
any other convenient manner such as by a wedge, screw, short lever arm &c.
In the arrangement shewn at Figs. 8 and 9 the eccentric lever k, whose
eccentric i is here made to carry the crosshead of the hook as first described,
bears with its brake block gl against the brake disc s', which rests rotatable on the
brake surfaces a' a' carried by the side cheeks.
A pawls carried by the load chain wheel slides over the teeth of the brake
disc when rotated in the direction for raising the load, but gears with the same
as soon as the hauling strain ceases, and thus prevents any backward rotation of
the chain wheel until the brake block g' is slightly raised by hand, whereupon the
brake disc will be caused by the pawls to rotate in overcoming a greater or less
amount of frictional resistance, and this will allow of the backward rotation of the
chain wheel and descent of the load.
The relative motion between the suspending hook and the point to which
the loaded hauling device such as the chain wheel &c. is connected, and which
in the examples described was effected by means of eccentrics i, can also be
effected by suitably arranged inclines, such as screws or wedges, which are caused
by the load to slide upon each other and thereby to actuate a brake device which
automatically prevents the backward motion of the hauling device from which
the load is suspended.
An example of this kind is shewn at Fig. 10. The inclines are here formed
by the sloping or helical surfaces of two claws vt, of which is rotatably mounted
on the axis of the other one t and which when not loaded is caused by a spring
not shewn, to occupy a certain position of rest.
The second claw t is connected to the hook g so as not to be rotatable, and has

page_text: an arm u which controls by means of a rigid or flexible connecting device such as a
rod, cord or chain, a brake appliance, acting upon any rotating part of the hauling
apparatus.
When this apparatus is loaded, the full pressure of the load is transferred to the
inclined faces of the claws et; the claw however yields to the pressure while
rotating slightly so that both claws are made to engage with each other to a
greater extent and the block cheeks are thus made to descend somewhat. But
as the claw t remains at its original height its arm u will have a relative motion
in respect to the casing h, and is thereby made to bring the brake into action as
already described. By turning the claw back to a greater or less extent by hand
either directly or with intermediate gear, the arm and rod F will receive a
relative motion in the contrary direction to that above described, whereby the
brake will be more or less released and the load allowed to descend.
Figs. 11 and 12 shew a construction in which the load suspended from the hauling
apparatus is made to act upon a brake through the hauling chain wheel itself
without the intervention of eccentrics, or other similar intermediate devices. The
said chain wheel is formed with an internal cavity corresponding to the configura-
tion of any body of revolution s¹ which is fitted therein. The chain wheel and the
disc s' form between their contact surfaces a brake which on the raising of the load
has no action, but which, on the stoppage of the hauling motion is at once brought
into action by a cam z, which is automatically applied against the disc with a force
which is the greater, the greater is the tendency of the load to carry the disc s¹
round with it by means of the chain wheel.
The lowering of the load at any desired speed is effected by a corresponding
release of the cam Z from its grip against the disc by means of the lever & actuated
by hand.
Figs. 13 and 14 shew a construction in which the brake disc rests upon two
wedge-like surfaces a¹ and has a central bore through which passes the one end of
the chain wheel spindle c. The brake disc has teeth over which rides a pawl
the chain wheel when the load is being raised.
of
On the hauling power being stopped, the pawl gears with the teeth of the brake
disc and thus prevents the backward rotation of the chain wheel owing to the
frictional contact between s' and a' until by raising the end of the spindle c the
disc s is more or less raised off the inclines a' and thus allows the load to descend.
Figs. 16 to 19 shew constructions in which, instead of effecting the application
of the brake by a slight motion of the loaded blocker frame of the hauling
apparatus or by the loaded chain wheel, as in Figs. 1 to 14, a lever k¹ is provided
below the apparatus which is caused to apply the brake by being acted upon by the
fixed end P of the hauling chain, as at Fig. 15.
In the arrangement at Fig. 16, i is the eccentric through the eccentric bore of
which the bolt 2 of the shackle ¹ passes, that connects the fixed end P¹ of the
hauling chain to the hauling apparatus. The lever k¹, fixed to the eccentric i, as
also the rod F connected thereto, transmit the tendency to rotary motion of the
eccentric produced by the pull of the loaded chain P₁ as a straight pull to the
brake device which is not shewn.
For relieving the brake the lever k is drawn downwards more or less by means
of the cord so that the fixed end of the chain Plas also the lever k¹ and rod F
are slightly raised and thus move the brake block or strap out of action to the
required degree to allow of a corresponding descent of the load.
In the arrangements shewn at Figs. 17 and 18 the excentric is transformed into a
hook i from which the end of the chain P is suspended.
The arrangement at Fig. 17 will be readily understood without further description.
With regard to Fig. 18 it may be stated that with this construction the length of
lever arm for the attachment of the load can be varied within certain limits by
means of a screw w. This has for its object to enable the braking pressure to be
varied if one and the same hauling apparatus is employed first for a length of time
to raise heavy loads and then for a length of time lighter loads.

page_text: Also, if a greater or less quantity of oil should pass unintentionally to the brake
surfaces from the spindle bearings it may become necessary to adjust the brake
leverage.
In Fig. 18 the screw w presses the brake block directly against the brake surface.
If the screw is turned backward in the direction of the arrow y the point of attach-
ment of the chain I will, in consequence of the slight rotation of the lever k¹ i
approach the vertical line passing through the point of suspension of the lever
and consequently the ideal leverage at which the load acts will become shorter
while the lever arm from the point 2 to the point of the screw w remains about the
same.
The result will therefore be that the brake pressure will be diminished.
on
In adjusting the screw in the contrary direction to the arrow y it will be seen
that an increase of the brake pressure will be produced. As in the construction at
Fig. 18 the hand lever k acts upon the lever by means of a cam for the purpose
of enabling a very slight release of the brake to be effected with a heavy load
the hauling apparatus, it may be necessary, in adjusting the screw w, also to provide
for a corresponding adjustment of the axis of the lever k. In Fig. 19 the
eccentric is also replaced by a short lever, the second arm of which however
presses a brake block formed as a wedge against the brake surface a'. The release
of the brake is effected by a corresponding slight backward motion of the wedge g¹
by means of the hand lever k and a small pressing rod 2. The preceding arrange-
ments all relate to apparatus with radially loaded brake discs. I will now describe
arrangements in which the brake disc is acted upon in the axial direction.
With these latter arrangements the construction of the brake itself will not be
fully described because this is immaterial in respect of the action of the present
improvements. On this account the locking arrangements, which consist as a rule
of a pawl and ratchet wheel, are omitted in the constructions shown, which are
treated more as diagrams. See for example Figs. 1 to 19. In the following con-
structions reference is only made to the arrangement for releasing the brake, that
is to say for permitting the descent of the load at a greater or less speed.
In Fig. 20, is the loaded chain wheel which is driven by the worm wheel a
from the worm shaft c'. The shaft c' rests as usual in two bearings a² and w², of
which the latter w², can also be supported in a rotatable manner in a part of the
frame. Between the bearings the shaft c¹ is connected with any suitable form of
brake which is put in action by means of a pressure exerted on the shaft in the
direction of the arrow y' or by a shifting of the shaft in the said direction. The
bearing a² of the shaft c¹ is provided at its outer end face which is directed towards
the hand chain wheel with axially placed ratchet teeth d² into which take the
ratchet teeth 2 of a lever k rotatable on the shaft c¹ the smooth end surface of the
boss of lever being pressed upon with only slight frictional contact by the surface
of the boss of the hand chain wheel 2. The action of the above described
arrangement is such that the automatic descent of the load is effected by the release
of the brake by turning a lever k by means of a cord in such manner that the
ratchet teeth d and e² which constitute inclined planes, are made to effect a slight
longitudinal motion of the shaft c' in the direction of the arrow 2. The extent of
the lever motion thus effects the greater or less release of the brake and a corre-
sponding quicker or slower descent of the load. The return motion of the lever
is effected automatically at the subsequent raising of a load by the friction of the
boss of the wheel 63 against the same. It can, however, also be effected by means
of springs or a balance weight f2 as at Fig. 21. The ratchet teeth d² and e² can
also be replaced by a corresponding screw thread g Fig. 22, which is formed on
the boss of the lever k and which takes into a female thread in the bearing a
Fig. 22.
Fig. 23 shows an arrangement of the described brake releasing device in which a
female screw thread is formed in the thrust block 2 into which screws a spindle m³
of the lever k, so that, by turning the said lever, the end of the pin is caused to
force back the shaft c¹ for the purpose of releasing the brake.

page_text: In the arrangement shewn at Figs. 24 to 26 the pin 12 serves as an abutment
for the shaft c which is moved back longitudinally for the release of the brake
by acting on the said pin either by means of an elbow lever
Fig. 24, or
by an eccentric n² turned by lever k as at Fig. 25, or by means of a wedge o²
moved by lever A as at Fig. 26.
In the arrangement shewn at Figs. 27 and 28 on the accompanying drawing is
shewn a further modification of the above described brake arrangement in which
the brake disc s¹ has two diametrically opposite brake blocks y' applied to it. Both
blocks are carried by double ended levers ³ which are pivotted to the bearings ³
fixed to the pulley block cheeks.
To the one lever 3 is pivotted at 2 a lever ki, to the short arm i of which is
connected the load chain P' while to the long arm is attached a cord I, as in the
previously described arrangements.
The armi is also connected to the lever k³ by a link 4.
On the chain P¹ being acted upon by the suspended load, the lever ki is
turned slightly on its pivot and in thereby acting through the link on the
lever it is made to apply the brakes to the disc s¹. The blocks are made
adjustable by means of the setting screws (³, so as to cause both to be applied
with equal pressure to the disc. For releasing the brakes, a pull is exerted on
the cord attached to the arm k of the lever, thereby moving the arm i upward
and consequently moving the levers k³ so as to bring the blocks g¹ out of pressing
contact with the disc.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is:
1. In raising and lowering apparatus, pulley blocks and the like, the use of an
arrangement for automatically applying a brake device, consisting of a lever k
rotatable in the cheek Figures 1 and 2, in the eye of which lever the crosshead T
of the suspension hook is eccentrically mounted, so that on the raising of the load
the crosshead causes a turning of the lever and thereby causes the brake to be
applied by a rod F the brake pressure being released by pulling the cord
the purpose of allowing the descent of the load, substantially as described and
shewn on the drawings.
lfor
2. In raising and lowering apparatus pulley blocks and the like constructed
as set forth in the preceding claim, the arrangement of the lever k in such
manner that it is provided in duplicate, one in each cheek of the block, so that
the brake is acted upon by two rods F substantially as described with reference to
Figures 3 and 4 of the drawings.
3. In raising and lowering apparatus, pulley blocks and the like constructed as
set forth in the first claim, the arrangement of the crosshead T in such manner
that it is connected to the lever k beyond the attachment of the latter to cheek h,
substantially as described with reference to Figure 5 of the drawings..
4. In raising and lowering apparatus, pulley blocks and the like constructed as
set forth in Claim 1, the arrangement of the lever k in such manner that its boss
has mounted eccentrically in it the axis of the load chain wheel, and causes this to
be pressed against the brake block, substantially as described with reference to
Figure 6 of the drawings.
5. In raising and lowering apparatus, pulley blocks and the like constructed as
set forth in the first claim, the arrangement of the lever k in such manner that
while it is mounted and arranged with two arms as at Figures 1 and 2, it is made
to act with its short arm upon the brake disc, substantially as described with
reference to Figures 1 and 9 of the drawings.
6. In raising and lowering apparatus, pulley blocks, and the like constructed as
set forth in the first claim, the arrangement of the brake device in such manner
that the chain wheel b itself puts the pressure on the brake disc, which is rotated
by the raising of the load, but is prevented from rotating on the stoppage of the
B

page_text: hauling power by a cam locking device substantially as described with reference to
Figures 11 and 12 of the drawings.
7. In raising and lowering apparatus, pulley blocks, and the like constructed as
set forth in the first claim, the arrangement of the lever k' in such manner as to
constitute the brake disc, which bears upon the braking surfaces a¹ u' from which
it is raised by means of a special lever, substantially as described with reference to
Figures 13 and 14 of the drawings.
8. In raising and lowering apparatus, pulley blocks and the like constructed as
set forth in the first claim, the arrangement of the lever k' in such manner as to be
loaded by the chain P' in the manner described with reference to Figures 16, 17,
18 and 19 substantially as described with reference to the drawings.
9. In raising and lowering apparatus, pulley blocks, and the like an arrangement
for releasing a brake device carried by one of the rotating axes, and which is put
in action by axial pressure consisting in a lever k mounted on the shaft c' and
having the end face of its boss formed with ratchet teeth or inclines e, into which
take ratchet teeth d² on the bearing a² of the shaft, so that on turning the lever k
in a certain direction, the shaft is shifted longitudinally, so as thereby to effect
the release of the brake, substantially as described with reference to Figure 20 of
the drawings.
10. In raising and lowering apparatus, pulley blocks and the like provided with
brake apparatus as set forth in the claim No. 9, the arrangement whereby the boss
of the lever k is formed as a screw which engages with a female thread in the
bearing a², so that by the turning of the lever k the brake is released, substantially
as described with reference to Figure 22 of the drawings.
11. In raising and lowering apparatus, pulley blocks, and the like constructed
as set forth in the ninth claim, the construction wherein the thrust pin m² of the
shaft c is formed as a screw so that by turning the same by means of a lever k the
shaft is moved longitudinally so as to release the brake, substantially as described
with reference to Figure 23 of the drawings.
12. In raising and lowering apparatus, pulley blocks and the like constructed as
set forth in the ninth claim, the construction wherein the thrust pin 12 of the shaft c¹
is moved longitudinally by a lever k² on an eccentric or cam ² or a wedge o² so as,
by longitudinally shifting the shaft c' to effect the release of the brake, substan-
tially as described with reference to Figures 24 to 26 of the drawings.
13. In raising and lowering apparatus pulley blocks and the like in which the
load is caused to automatically apply the brake blocks to a brake disc, the arrange-
ment of the lever that is acted upon by the load chain and by the cord in
combination with diametrically opposite brake blocks g' carried by levers ³ as
herein described with reference to Figs. 27 and 28 of the drawings.
Dated this 28th day of March 1892.
ABEL & IMRAY,
Agents for the Applicant.