Improvements in or connected with Apparatus for Drying, Roasting, or Calcining Organic Matter and other Materials.
Year: 1894

page_text: Date of Application, 13th Jan., 1894
Complete Specification Left, 1st Oct., 1894-Accepted, 10th Nov., 1894
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in or connected with Apparatus for Drying, Roasting,
or Calcining Organic Matter and other Materials.
We, BENJAMIN FOSTER, WILLIAM FOSTER, and BENJAMIN SEDGWICK
FOSTER, all of Skinner Lane, Leeds, in the County of York, Manufacturing
Chemists, do hereby declare the nature of this invention, to be as follows :-
The object of our invention is to construct apparatus whereby animal matter
may be dried, roasted, or calcined in a more ready and efficient manner than
heretofore, and apparatus constructed according to our invention is also suitable
for drying, roasting, or calcining other materials, whether of an organic or
inorganic nature.
According to our invention we provide or construct a column or cylindrical
tower of brick, or other non-combustible material, and in the interior of this
column we fix circular plates, situated one above the other at suitable distances
apart. A portion of each plate is cut away, forming an opening therein each
opening being situate to the side of the opening in the plate above in such a
manner that the said openings form a helical curve in the column.
A shaft of square or other suitable section is mounted vertically in the column,
and passes through the centre of the circular plates. Arms are mounted on the
shaft between the plates, in such a manner that on the shaft being rotated, the said
arms are caused to revolve, whereby the material on each plate is carried round
until it drops through its opening.
Heat is applied to the material travelling on the circular plates, by connecting
any required number of pipes to the spaces between the plates, such pipes being
connected to a chamber which is in communication with a furnace. Steam blowers
are employed in conjunction with the pipes, in such a manner that on the blast
being set in action, the hot products of combustion are drawn from the furnace,
through the chamber and pipes, and injected into the column.
When it is required to dry, roast, or calcine animal matter the shaft is rotated
by any suitable arrangement, and the blast is applied at the pipes. The material
is fed in at the top of the column, and is carried round the upper plate by one of
the arms, until such material falls through the opening onto the next plate, when
it is again carried round, until it again falls through the opening: and this action
continues until the material falls out at the base of the column. In the action of
descending from plate to plate, the material becomes hotter and hotter, until it
encounters such a heat that calcination is effectually produced.
By having one or more steam jets connected directly to the column, a fire could
immediately be extinguished should it break out through excessive heat.
It will be readily understood that the above described apparatus is equally
applicable for drying, roasting or calcining other substances, whether of an organic
or inorganic nature and when preferred we force heated air or superheated steam
into the column, instead of the hot products of combustion direct from the fire.
Dated this 13th day of January 1894.

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in or connected with Apparatus for Drying, Roasting,
or Calcining Organic Matter and other Materials.
We, BENJAMIN FOSTER, WILLIAM FOSTER, and BENJAMIN SEDGWICK
FOSTER, all of Skinner Lane, Leeds, in the County of York, Manufacturing
Chemists, do hereby declare the nature of this invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement :-
The object of our invention is to construct apparatus whereby animal matter
may be dried, roasted, or calcined in a more ready and efficient manner than
heretofore, and apparatus constructed according to our invention is also suitable
for drying, roasting or calcining other materials, whether of an organic or
inorganic nature.
In order that our invention may be clearly understood, we will proceed to
describe same with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which similar
letters refer to like parts in all the figures.
Figure 1 is a transverse section of apparatus constructed according to our
invention, and Figure 2 is a sectional plan of same. Figure 3 is a detail view.
According to our invention we provide or construct a column or cylindrical
tower A of brick or other non-combustible material, and in the interior of this
column A we fix circular plates B situated one above the other at suitable distances
apart, which divide the column into compartments. The material to be dried is
fed in at the top of the structure through an opening S, and a portion of each of
the plates B is cut away, forming apertures C, each opening C being situated to
the side of the opening in the plate above, in such a manner that the openings C
form a helical curve within the column Å.
A shaft D is mounted vertically in the column A and passes through the centre
of the plates B. Arms E are mounted on the shaft D between the plates B, in
such a inanner that on the shaft D being rotated, the said arms E are caused to
revolve, whereby the material on each plate B is carried round until it drops
through its opening C onto the plate B below.
Pipes F are connected to the spaces between the plates B, such pipes being
in communication with the combustion chamber G of the furnace H.
Steam blowers or injectors J which are connected to the steam pipe K are
employed in conjunction with the pipes F, in such a manner that on the blast being
set in action, the hot products of combustion are drawn from the chamber G of the
furnace H and injected into the column A.
The products of combustion pass from the column A through holes L at the
upper part thereof, and down the circular chamber M to a flue M' at the bottom,
the wall forming the circular chamber being constructed of non-combustible
material in part with the column A, such chamber M forming a jacket whereby the
heat is retained within the said column A.
The material falls from the columu A through the opening C of the last
plate B, into the pit N below, from whence it is removed at pleasure. The front
of this pit N has a sliding door P which can be readily opened and closed when
required.
When it is required to dry, roast or calcine animal matter, the shaft D is rotated
through the medium of the wheel R, and the steam blast is applied at the pipes F.
The material is fed in at the top of the columu A through the opening S, and is
carried round the upper plate B by one of the arms E until such material falls
through the opening Conto the next plate B, when it is again carried roun ! until
it again falls through the next opening C, and this action continues until the

page_text: material falls out at the base of the column A into the pit N. By raising the
sliding door P, access is given to the said pit N, from whence the material may be
removed at will.
In the action of descending from plate to plate against the ascending hot
products of combustion, (which are injected by the steam blowers or injectors into
the column A,) the material becomes hotter and hotter until it encounters such a
heat that the required result is obtained.
Steam jets T are connected directly to the column A, so that should a fire break
out within the column through excessive heat, steam can be turned on, thereby
extinguishing the fire immediately.
It will be readily understood that the above described apparatus is equally
applicable for drying, roasting or calcining other substances, whether of an organic
or inorganic nature; and when preferred we force heated air or superheated steam
into the column, instead of the hot products of combustion direct from the fire.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what we
claim is :-
1. In apparatus for drying, roasting or calcining materials, a vertical cylindrical
chamber adapted to be fed at the upper end, and having horizontal plates dividing
the chamber into compartments, there being an opening in each plate, the said
openings not being in a vertical line, in combination with a rotating central shaft,
arms in the compartments connected to the said shaft and adapted to move the
material round so that the same may be fed slowly downward, substantially as and
for the purposes set forth.
2. In apparatus for drying, roasting or calcining materials, the employment of
the parts enumerated in the first claim, in combination with a furnace and hot air
chamber, pipes from the hot air chamber into the compartments, a steam pipe and
ejectors connected therewith and entering the aforesaid pipes, an exit flue, and a
discharge for the calcined materials, substantially as and for the purposes herein
set forth.
3. The employment of the steam jets T, substantially as and for the purposes
Bet forth.
4. The general arrangement, construction and combination of the various parts
forming apparatus for drying, roasting or calcining organic matter and other
materials, substantially as set forth.
Bated the lot dave at lababos 107
Babad Kha
611
BREWER & SON,
London and Leeds, Agents for Applicants.