INPRANNENTS IN CARDIAC WORLD
Year: 1869

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Alexander M'Neile and James Slater, both of
John Street, Pentonville, in the County of Middlesex, Engineers,
for the Intention of "INPRANNENTS IN CARDIAC WORLD"
Sealed the 23rd November 1869, and dated the 25th May 1869.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Alexander McNeile and
James Slater at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 25th May 1869.
We, ALEXANDER MCNEILE and JAMES SLATER, both of John Street,
Pentonville, in the County of Middlesex, Engineers, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN CARRIAGE WHEELS,"
to be as follows:-
Our Invention of improvements in carriage wheels relates,---
First. To certain improved modes of constructing the fellocs of wheels
and securing the ends of the spokes thereto.
Second. To improvements in the construction of the naves and axle
boxes of wheels, and relates more particularly to cast or wrought iron
axle boxes or naves.

page_text: One of the principal objects of the first part of the Invention is to so
construct the fellocs of wheels that should a part of the felloc, or onc
or more of the spokes become damaged such damaged part or parts may
be removed and repaired, or new parts substituted with greater facility
than can be done with wheels of the ordinary construction and without.
the necessity of removing the whole or greater part of the felloc. To
this end we form the fellocs of wheels of single or double angle iron,
or trough or channel iron bent to the proper curve according to the
diameter of the intended wheel. The felloes may be made of any con-
venient number of pieces, or of only one or two pieces according to the
kind of wheel it is intended to make, and the joints may be either scarf
joints which will be secured by transverse pins or bolts, or butt joints
which will be secured by fishing plates placed inside under the joint
and secured by pins, bolts, or rivets. Or the felloe may be made in
one length, and when bent to the proper form the ends of the felloc
may be welded together so as to form a secure joint. The outer ends
of the spokes will bear against the back of the fishing plates which
cover the joints when the felloo is mado of several pieces, and they will
be kept in place by filling pieces placed inside the trough and secured
in any convenient manner. If angle iron be used it may be cut up
into short sections and arranged to break joint, the several parts being
secured together by transverse bolts. A trough or channel will thus
be formed as in the other instance to receive the ends of the spokes and
filling pieces. The several parts may be fastened together as already
mentioned by transverso bolts (either single or double) which may be
screwed up on the inside of the trough so as to hold the several parts
firmly together, or they may be rivetted together.
Our first improvement in the axle boxes relates to the construction
and arrangement of the oil chamber for lubricating the axle, and consists
in casting or forming in the iron nave or box of the wheel a vertical
chamber or bottle closed at top by a screw plug and open at bottom
to the cylindrical space which receives the axle; or, if preferred, the oil
bottle may be removable and may be screwed into a hole made in the
axle box for the purpose. One of the side plates which form the nave
of the wheel is made with a chamber or recess on the outside to receive
the oil bottle, and thus prevent it from being injured by an accidental
blow. When the axle is secured in its place the oil bottle or chamber
may be filled with oil which will thus be supplied to the axle as it

page_text: rotates. This construction of lubricating apparatus will be found to
act much better than the annular chamber which has sometimes heen
adopted, as the latter is apt to cut or wear away the axle unequally.
The nave of the wheel is formed of two plates, between which the inner
ends of the spokes are held, the axle box also passes through these two
plates, and these latter are kept from slipping round on the spokes by
forming on the inside of one or both of the plates projecting, ribs or
fcathors which are made to take into recesses cut in or between the
spokes. The same effect may be produced by cutting grooves, recesses,
or half holes in the plate, and driving metal pins in between the plate
and the spokes. Or studs or projecting pins may be cast or formed on
the plate so that when the two plates are screwed up the studs or pro-
jections will be forced into the wooden spokes and will prevent them
from being turned or moved in the space between the plates or flanges,
and everything will be held secure without the use of cross bolts and
nuts.
The next improvement relates to the means of securing the axle in
the box or nave, and consists in cutting a screw on the end of the axle
so as to receive a screw nut provided with a flange or shoulder, and
when screwed up this screw nut will hold the axle in place; over this
uut is screwed a cap which will prevent the escape of oil or grease. from
the inside of the axle box. The object of this improvement is to convert
the ordinary grease axle into an oil axle..
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Alexander McNeile and James Slater in the Great
Scal Patent Office on the 25th November 1869.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, wc, ALEXANDER
MCNEILE and JAMES SLATER, both of John Street, Pentonville, in the
County of Middlesex, Engineers, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-fifth day of May, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-nine, in the thirty-
second year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,.
give and grant unto us, the said Alexander McNeile and James Slater,
Her special licence that we, the said Alexander McNeile and James

page_text: structed according to our improvements; Fig. 2 is a cross section of the.
same.
The fellocs of the wheels may be formed of single or double angle iron
or trough or channel iron bent to the proper curve according to the
diameter of the intended wheel. In Figs. 1 and 2 the felloe is formed
of trough iron a, a, and it may be made of any convenient number of
pieces, or of only one or two pieces, according to the kind of wheel it is
intended to make, and the joints may be either scarf joints, which will
be secured by transverse pins or bolts, or they may be butt joints, which
will be secured by fishing plates b, Fig. 1, placed inside under the joint,
and secured by pins, bolts, or rivets b'. Or the felloe may be made in
one length, and when bent to the proper form the ends of the felloe may
be welded together so as to form a secure joint. The outer ends of the
spokes c, c, will bear against the back of the fishing plates which cover
the joints (when the felloe is made of several pieces), and they will be
kept in place by filling pieces d, d, made of wood or any other suitable
substance, placed inside the trough a, and secured by bolts or rivets or in
any other convenient manner.
If angle iron be used, as shown at Fig. 3, it may be cut up into short
sections e, e, and arranged to break joint, the several parts being sceured
together by transverse bolts f: A trough or channel will thus be formed,
as in the other instance, to receive the ends of the spokes c, c, and filling
picces d, as in Fig. 1. The several parts may be fastened together, as
already mentioned, by transverse bolts (either single or double), which
may be screwed up so as to hold the several parts firmly together, or
they may be rivetted together.
Fig. 4 is a side view, Fig. 5 a cross section, and Fig. 6 an inside view
of a plan for constructing the felloe of single angle iron. e¹, e, are
two pieces of angle iron with their ends forming a butt joint. The
spokes care held in place by loops g, g, which are bolted or rivetted
through to the angle iron, and may be used to fish the joints. The tire
irou is secured to the angle iron by rivetting or otherwise.
Our first improvement in the axle boxes relates to the construction
and arrangement of the oil chamber for lubricating the axle, and is
shewn a Fig. 7, Sheet II., which is a side view, partly in sections, of an
iron axle box with our improvement adapted thereto. The improvement
consists in casting or forming in the iron nave or box of the wheel a
vertical chamber or bottle, closed at top by a screw plug ', and open

page_text: at bottom to the cylindrical space of the box which receives the axle j.
Or, if preferred, the oil bottle instead of being cast with the box may be
removable, and may be screwed into a bole made in the axle box for the
purpose, in which case one of the side plates which form the nave of the
wheel is made with a chamber or recess on the outside to receive the
oil bottle, and thus prevent it from being injured by an accidental blow.
When the axle is secured in its place the oil bottle or chamber may
be filled with oil, which will thus be supplied to the axle as it
rotates.
Fig. 8 is a side or end view (partly in section) of a modification of
the above; Fig. 9 is a longitudinal section of the same; Fig. 10 is.
another end view, shewn partly in section. In this instance instead of
having a projecting oil box a hole is drilled through the axle box and
tapped to receive a small pipe or tube k, whereby oil is poured into an
annular recess cut round the inside of the axle box m, and from
whence the oil is distributed along the axle. The nave of the wheel is
formed of two plates 1, 1, Fig. 9, between which the inner ends. of tho
spokes are held; the axle box m, m, also passes through these two plates,
and these latter are kept from slipping round on the spokes by forming.
on the inside of one or both of the plates projecting ribs or featliers /",
which are made to take into recesses cut in or between the spokes.
The same effect may be produced by cutting grooves, recesses, or half
holes in the plate l, and driving metal pius in between the plate and the
spokes. Or studs or projecting pins may be cast or formed on one or
both of the plates 1, 1, so that when the two plates are screwed up by
means of the bolts n, n, or otherwise, the studs or projections will be
forced into the wooden spokes, and will prevent them from being turned
or moved in the space between the plates or flanges 1, 1, and everything.
will be held secure. The use of cross bolts and nuts may be dispensed
with by screwing up the tubular nuts o and p behind the plates 1, 1, as
shewn at Figures 11 and 12.
The next improvement relates to the means of securing the axle in
the box or nave, as shown at Fig. 13; it consists in cutting a screw on
the end of the axle so as to receive a screw nut 7 provided with a flango
or shoulder. When screwed up this screw nut 7 will hold the axle in
place. Over this nut is screwed a cap r, which will prevent the escape
of oil or grease from the inside of the axle box. The object of this
improvement is to convert the ordinary grease axle into an oil axle.

page_text: Fig. 14 is a longitudinal sectional view of the cast-iron nave of a cart
wheel with some of our improvements adapted thereto, and with a special
arrangement at s for adapting them to mail axles; Fig. 15 is a cross
section of the same; Fig. 14 shews the lubricating arrangement and the
end cap or cover for preventing the escape of oil from the axle box.
Having now described our Invention of improvements in carriage
wheels, and having explained the manner of carrying the same into
effect, we claim as the Invention secured to us by Letters Patent as
aforesaid,-
First. Forming the fellocs of wheels of trough or angle iron, and
securing the spokes therein in the manner and for the purposes herein
set forth.
Second. Constructing the naves or axle boxes of wheels and adopting
them to the axles in the manner and for the purpose herein set-forth.
In witness whercof, we, the said Alexander McNeile and James
Slater, have hereunto set our hands and seals, this Twenty-fourth
day of November, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight
hundred and sixty-ninc.