Improvements in the Means and Machinery for Grinding Cutlery.
Year: 1897

page_text: Date of Application, 11th Feb., 1897
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION..
Improvements in the Means and Machinery for Grinding Cutlery.
We, THE WILKINSON SWORD COMPany Limited, and HENRY WILKINSON LATHAM
Engineer, both of Oakley Works, Kings Road, Chelsea, in the County of London
do hereby declare the nature of the invention to be as follows:-
This invention relates to improved means and machinery for grinding cutlery,
more particularly for grinding hollow ground razors, and it consists mainly in the
provision of means whereby the blade, instead of being made of more or less
uniform small thickness from about the middle of the width of the blade to the
cutting edge, is first reduced to a certain small thickness, at about the middle,
is then swelled or thickened again up to a certain point towards the edge, from
which point it then gradually decreases in thickness again down to the cutting
edge. The object of this construction is to afford a certain amount of support to
the edge by thickening the part behind it, while at the same time affording the
blade the necessary amount of elasticity in the direction of its width, by means
of thinner middle part thereof.
For producing this form of blade we employ machinery, the main features of
which consist, firstly in carrying the blade with its edge uppermost by a support
to which is imparted both a to and fro motion in the direction of the length of
the blade and an up and down motion in the direction of its width, and secondly
in acting upon the blade during such motion by means of a pair of grinding
wheels, so arranged and actuated that their distance apart is varied in relation to
the up and down motion of the blade, in such manner that they approach nearest
to each other when grinding the extreme edge, that is when the blade is in its
lowest position, then gradually separate as the blade rises up to a certain point
so as to produce the swelled or thickened part, and then approach gradually again
to produce the thinner middle part.
Simultaneously with this peculiar motion, the grinding wheels are also
gradually approached towards each other as the blade becomes thinner by the
grinding action.
The spindles of the grinding rollers are for this purpose mounted in bearings
that besides having a simultaneous motion to and from each other can also have
each an independent motion imparted to them, the object being to enable each
spindle and grinding wheel to be adjusted separately as may be required in
consequence of any inequalities in the wear of the grinding wheels.
All the above described movements are made to take place automatically, and
the combined approach of the grinding wheels is made to cease automatically at
a certain point, determined by the desired thickness of the blade when finished.
It will be obvious that the machinery can be variously constructed for carrying
out these main features of the grinding process. The arrangement we prefer to
employ is as follows:-
-
Within an upright frame are mounted two horizontal spindles that have the
grinding wheels fixed at one end, and that are carried in bearings on swinging
brackets suspended at their upper end from centres on the frame of the machine,
the swinging frames being acted upon by springs that tend to move them and

page_text: consequently the grinding wheels towards each other. The spindles have their
other ends connected by means of universal couplings to short shafts carrying
pullies by which rotary motion is imparted to the spindles and grinding wheels.
Between the two swinging brackets, above the grinding wheels, is arranged a
double faced spiral cam mounted on a shaft to which a regulated rotary motion is
imparted as will be presently described and against the faces of this cam bear
the ends of two opposite screws screwing through the brackets and having toothed
heads, which screws govern the approach of the brackets and grinding rollers
towards each other, such approach being determined on the one hand by the
thickness of the part of the cam which is for the time being situated between the
screws, and on the other hand by the extent to which the screws are screwed
forward through the bracket. Also by turning the one or the other screw more
or less, the advance of the corresponding grinding wheel can be regulated
independently of the other one. The razor or other blade to be ground is secured
with its edge upward in a suitable clamping device on a head piece which can
slide vertically on a column adjustably clamped at its lower end in a sleeve on a
cross piece having trunnions carried by the framing, so that the column and
working head piece with the blade can be turned through a certain angle to and
fro on the said trunnion, so as to move the blade longitudinally to and fro
between the grinding wheels, this motion being obtained by means
cam 'on the driving shaft, which imparts a to
and fro motion by means of a lever to a bar which has a notch engaged with a
stud on the side of the head piece so that when it is desired to stop the said motion
of the head piece the bar is raised off the stud, and the column with the head piece
then remains stationary, resting against stops on the frame.
of
an
excentric 01'
For imparting the up and down motion to the head piece and blade carried
thereby, a transverse shaft situated near the lower end of the column and receiving
motion from the driving shaft, carries an adjustable excentric or cam in which
bears a roller or an arm projecting down from the head, so that by the rotation
of the excentric, the head piece is made to slide up and down on the column.
The column is capable of adjustment in the clamping sleeve that secures it to the
cross piece, both in a vertical direction and in a horizontal rotary direction, in
order to adjust the blades position correctly between the grinding rollers. For
such correct adjustment of the blade the clamp device is also provided with
centering clips that hold the end of the blade, while the tang is secured in a shoe
by a stirrup with clamping screws.
The vertical movement of the head piece can be stopped when in the highest
position by means of a lever pivotted to a bracket on the column, having a short
arm which is turned into such a position as to act as a prop bearing against the
underside of a lug projecting from the head.
The before mentioned double spiral cam that acts as a gauge to the grinding
wheels is actuated and controlled as follows. The transverse shaft on
which it is fixed carries a worm wheel with which
gears a worm
on
a vertical spindle carried by a bracket which is pivotted loose on the
said shaft. The worm spindle can be turned by a hand wheel at top for adjustment
when the grinding wheels wear away, and automatically, by a ratchet and pawl
motion as follows: A ratchet wheel fixed on the worm spindle is engaged with a
pawl on a lever, pivotted loose on the worm spindle and receiving a reciprocating
motion from a sleeve sliding on the shaft of the double spiral cam, which sleeve is
actuated by a revolving pulley and cam motion, so as at each rotation of the pulley
to impart a to and fro motion to the pawl which thus imparts a step by step rotary
motion of the worm and consequently also of the worm wheel shaft and double
spiral cam, which in being thus very slowly turned round between the screws
of the grinding wheel brackets gradually allows the nearer approach of the
grinding wheels as the grinding proceeds. In order to arrest this approach
automatically when a certain point has been reached, an adjustable shroud is
provided, which covers some of the teeth of the ratchet wheel at any desired point,

page_text: so that when the ratchet wheel has been rotated to such an extent by the pawl
as to bring the shroud under the pawl, the latter will be disengaged from the
ratchet teeth and the motion of the double spiral cam will be stopped.
position of the shroud is adjusted as the grinding wheels wear.
The
The before mentioned bracket carrying the worm has projecting backward from
it a quadrant arm the end of which is connected by a rod to a treadle lever, and at
the front side the bracket has a short arm which is connected by a spring con-
nection with the front part of the treadle lever, which spring consequently tends
to draw the bracket down on the front side and at the same time to raise the
treadle lever and with it the rear quadrant extension of the bracket.
By such turning of the bracket, and through this of the double faced spiral
cam the latter is brought into the position in which it holds the grinding wheels,
such a distance apart as to allow of the introduction of a blade into the clamp
of the working headpiece.
The
On the shaft of the double faced cam, is also mounted loose a lever arm, that
can slide up and down against the face of the said quadrant of the bracket which
has stops limiting such motion. When in its highest position relatively to the
quadrant the arm is locked therewith by a spring catch which can be unlocked
by a hand lever so that when locked together any motion imparted to the arm will
be transmitted through the quadrant and bracket to the double spiral cam.
arm receives a rapid up and down or jigging motion, from a cam on the same
shaft that carries the before described excentric for imparting the up and down
motion to the working head, so that these two motions are synchronous. The
motion is imparted to the arm from the cam through a roller on a lever arm fixed
to the shaft on which the treadle leyer works loose, which shaft carries a second
lever arm that is connected to the arm of the quadrant by a rod.
This arm being locked to the quadrant and connected through this to the treadle
lever, the spring of the latter will cause the roller on the one lever arm to be
kept in contact with the cam. The rapid reciprocating motion imparted by the
above described means to the double spiral cam will have the effect of rapidly
moving the grinding rollers to and from each other to a slight extent while at the
same time they are being gradually fed together, and while the blade receives
a synchronous rapid up and down motion between the grinding rollers by means
of the working head, these combined motions have the effect of producing the
before described sectional form of the blade, namely a swelling or thickening
behind the cutting edge up to a certain point and then a thinning down again
towards the middle of the blades width.
When this grinding action is completed, the attendant disengages the catch
that locks the arm to the quadrant, whereupon the arm drops down, and with it
the lever arm carrying the cam roller, and the quadrant bracket and double spiral
cam consequently no longer receive motion from the driving cam.
For bringing the arm and the quadrant in the required relative position for
locking them together in the first instance the treadle lever is depressed by the
foot, thereby lowering the quadrant, while the arm is raised by means of a handle
until the spring catch can engage with it.
Dated this 11th day of February 1897
ABEL & IMRAY,
Agents for the Applicants.
Improvements in the Means and Machinery for Grinding Cutlery.
We, THE WILKINSON SWORD COMPANY LIMITED and HENRY WILKINSON LATHAM
Engineer, both of Oakley Works, Kings Road, Chelsea, in the County of London,

page_text: do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is
to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement:―
This invention relates to improved means and machinery for grinding cutlery,
more particularly for grinding hollow ground razors, and it consists mainly in the
provision of means whereby the blade, instead of being made of more or less
uniform small thickness about the middle width of the blade to the
cutting edge, is first reduced to a certain small thickness at about the middle,
is then swelled or thickened again up to a certain point towards the edge, from
which point it then gradually decreases in thickness again down to the cutting
edge as shewn in the section at Figure 1 of the accompanying drawings. The
object of this construction is to afford a certain amount of support to the edge by
thickening the part behind it while at the same time affording the blade the
necessary amount of elasticity in the direction of its width by means of thinner
middle part thereof.
For producing this form of blade we employ machinery the main features of
which consist, firstly in carrying the blade with its edge uppermost by a support
to which is imparted both a to and fro motion in the direction of the length of
the blade and an up and down motion in the direction of its width, and secondly
in acting upon the blade during such motion by means of a pair of grinding
wheels, so arranged and actuated that their distance apart is varied in relation to
the up and down motion of the blade in such a manner that they approach nearest
to each other when grinding the extreme edge, that is when the blade is in its
lowest position, then gradually separate as the blade rises up to a certain point
so as to produce the swelled or thickened part, and then approach gradually again
to produce the thinner middle part.
Simultaneously with this peculiar motion, the grinding wheels are also
gradually approached towards each other as the blade becomes thinner by the
grinding action.
The spindles of the grinding rollers are for this purpose mounted in bearings
that besides having a simultaneous motion to and from each other can also have
each an independent motion imparted to them, the object being to enable each
spindle and grinding wheel to be adjusted separately as may be required in
consequence of any inequalities in the wear of the grinding wheels.
All the above described movements are made to take place automatically, and
the combined approach of the grinding wheels is made to cease automatically at
a certain point determined by the desired thickness of the blade when finished.
It will be obvious that the machinery can be variously constructed for carrying
out these main features of the grinding process.
On the accompanying drawings is shewn the construction which we prefer to
employ. Figure 1 shews a section of a blade as ground by this machine.
Figures 2 and 3 shew two opposite side elevations; Figure 4 shews a front
elevation. Figure 5 shews a plan. Figure 6 shews a part section on line Y-Y,
Figure 4, Figure 7, sectional plan on line Z-Z, Figure 4. Figures 8 and 8 are
enlarged part sections taken at right angles to each other on line XX, Figure 4.
Figures 9, 10 and 11 shew respectively enlarged elevation plan and side view of
the mechanism for regulating the action of the grinding wheels, and Fig. 12, a
section on line W-W, Figure 11.
Within an upright frame 1 are mounted two horizontal spindles 2, 2, that have
the grinding wheels 2* 2* fixed at one end, and that are carried in bearings on
swinging brackets 3, 3 suspended at their upper end from centres 4, 4, on the
frame of the machine, the swinging frames being acted upon by springs 5, 5, that
tend to move them and consequently the grinding wheels 2* 2* towards each other,
the. springs being carried by a rod 5 that passes loose through openings in the
brackets 3, 3. The spindles 2, 2 have their other ends connected by means of
universal couplings 6, 6, to short shafts carrying pulleys 77, by which rotary

page_text: motion is imparted to the spindles and grinding wheels. Between the two
swinging brackets 3, 3 above the grinding wheels is arranged a double faced
cam 9, mounted on a shaft 10 to which a regulated reciprocating rotary motion
is imparted as will be presently described, and against the opposite faces of this
cam bear the ends of two opposite screws 8, 8 screwing through the brackets 3, 3
and having toothed heads, which screws govern the approach of the brackets and
grinding rollers towards each other, such approach being determined on the one
hand the thickness of the part of the can 9 which is for the time being situated
between the screws, and on the other hand by the extent to which the screws are
I screwed forward through the bracket. Also by turning the one or the other screw
more or less, the advance of the corresponding grinding wheel can be regulated
independently of the other one.
The razor 70 or other blade to be ground is carried with its edge upward by a
head 18 carrying a trough 19 containing a bed 20 with end stop 21 and centering
clips 22, the blade being secured by its tang by means of a round topped shoe 23
and a pivotted stirrup clamp 24. For centering the blade before clamping the
tang, the clips 22 are turned up on their pivot so as to hold the blade between
them as shewn in dotted lines at Figure 8 after which the taper jaws 22* 22**
are turned up by their handle so as to insure the correct position of the clips and
blade, the tang having then been fixed by the stirrup clamp 24, the jaws are
turned down and the clips drop away from the blade. The tubular head 18
carrying these parts slides up and down on a column 25, on which it is guided
by a key 26 on the column working in a slot 26 in the head, the up and down
motion being effected by an adjustable arm 27 projecting downward and carrying
an anti-friction roller 28 which bears upon an excentric 29 loose upon a tubular
cross-piece 71 to which the pillar 25 is adjustably secured by a clamping
sleeve 34. The cross-piece 71 can rock on a shaft 72 carried by the framing 1.
The vertical movement of the head 18 and parts carried thereby can be stopped
in the highest position by depressing a lever 30 pivotted to a lug 31 on the
column 25 projecting through a slot in 18, which lever has a cam-shaped end 32
that when turned upward acts as a stop and support to a projection 33 on the
head 18.
The position of the column 25 and consequently also of the head 18 and parts
carried thereby is accurately adjustable in a horizontal direction by means of a
forked piece 35 fixed to the cross-piece 71 carrying set screws bearing against
a lug 36 projecting from the column 25, so that by means of the screws the
column can be shifted slightly round in one direction or the other in the clamping
sleeve 34 when this has been loosened. The column 25 is also vertically adjustable
in the sleeve 34 by means of a screw 37 carried by a lateral lug on the column
and bearing against a block 38 on the sleeve 34. By this adjustment the column
with the entire head and blade carrier can be raised up as the grinding wheels
wear smaller.
The column 25 with the head 18 and parts carried thereby receive a rocking
motion so as to impart a longitudinal to and fro motion to the blade between the
grinding rollers, such motion being effected by means of an excentric 13 on the
driving shaft 11, acting on a roller on a rocking lever 14, connected by an
adjustable bar 15 with the head 18, the latter being for this purpose provided
with a pin 17 over which fits a notch 16 on the bar 15. The latter is made in
two parts and is provided with a screw adjustment 15 for lengthening and
shortening it and thus accurately regulating the position of the head 18 and
blade 70 in a horizontal direction relatively to the grinding rollers. By lifting the
bar 15 so that its notch 16 is disengaged from the stud 17, the reciprocating
motion of the column and head will be stopped and this will fall back until a cross
bar 19 on the trough 19 comes in contact with the upright of the frame 1.
The driving shaft. 11 receives motion from a belt pulley 12, and imparts such
motion by pulley 73 and belt to a pulley 56 loose on the tubular cross-piece 71.
The pulley 56 is formed in one with the before mentioned excentric 29 through

page_text: which the head 18 and parts carried thereby receive their vertical up and down
motion
While the blade 70 is thus carried vertically up and down between the grinding
wheels these are simultaneously moved to a slight extent alternately to and
from each with a motion that synchronises with the said up and down motion and
by these combined motions the desired form of the blade tapering in thickness
towards the cutting edge is produced.
The said movement of the grinding wheels to and from each other and at the
same time their gradual advance towards each other as the grinding proceeds is
eflected by means of the cam 9 by the following mechanism.
"
The two faced cam 9 is mounted on a shaft 10 on which is fixed a worm
wheel 39 gearing with a worm 40 which is carried by a bracket 42 mounted loose
on a shaft 10. The cam 9 gradually diminishes in thickness from the point
to the point b, so that as it turns in the direction from 6 to a, it will allow the
screws 8, 8, and consequently the swinging brackets 3, 3, and grinding wheels 2*2*
t be moved towards each other by the springs 5, 5, which motion will take place
auring the time that the blade 70 is moving downward between the wheels 2* 2*
from the position shewn at Figure 1 to the position in which the extreme edge of
the blade is between the wheels 2* 2* and it will be seen that the configuration
of the cross-section of the blade will be accurately determined by the configuration
given to the faces of the template cam 9 in combination with the excentric
cam 50, as will be presently explained.
On the return motion of the cam, which will take place simultaneously with
the upward motion of the blade 70, the grinding rollers will be moved apart
again.
This reciprocating motion of the cam synchronously with the up and down
motion of the blade carrier and blade is effected as follows. The bracket 42, which
as before stated, is mounted loose on the shaft 10, carries a quadrant arm 42*,
which is connected by a rod 45 to a treadle lever 44, mounted loose
on a shaft 52 which is also connected at its front part by a spring
side of
connecting rod 46 to
74 projecting from the front
the bracket 42, so that this spring connection tends to keep the lever 44
and consequently the bracket 42, 42* in the raised position shewn at Figures 3
and 11.
an
eye
When in this position the bracket 42, which as before stated is geared to the
shaft 10 by the worm 40 and worm wheel 39, will hold the shaft 10 and cam 9
in a position in which the part a of the latter is situated between the screws 8, 8,
of brackets 3, 3, so as to hold the grinding wheels 2, 2* such a distance apart that
the blank to be ground can be introduced between them on the support 20.
Loosely pivotted on shaft 10 is also the arm 47 lying close against the
quadrant 42 against which it can work up and down between adjustable stops 43,
when in the highest position, shewn at Figures and 11, the arm 47 is locked
together with quadrant 42 by means of a spring bolt 48 controlled by a hand
lever 49. The arm 47 is connected by a rod 54 to a lever arm 53 fixed to the
outer end of the shaft 52 on which the treadle 44 works, and on the inner end of
the shaft is fixed another lever arm 51 having a roller 55 which, when the arm 47
is locked together with the quadrant 42* is kept by the action of spring rod 46 up
against the periphery of a cam or eccentric 50, formed in one with the before
described eccentric 29 which imparts the up and down motion to the head 18
the cams 29 and 50 being formed in one with the intervening belt pulley 56, which
is driven from the shaft 11. It will be seen from the above arrangement that
when arm 47 is locked to bracket and quadrant 42, 42, the cam 50 in imparting
motion to arm 51, and through this and arm 53 and rod 54 to arm 47, bracket 42
and shaft 10, will cause cam 9 to perform the before described to and fro motion
for moving the grinding wheels to and from each other.
It will be seen that the eccentric cam 50 has two bulges at 50%, 50%, one on each
side of its shortest radius; these are provided in order to produce the befor

page_text: described swell on the blade behind the cutting edge, shewn at Figure 1. Thus
assuming the eccentric cam 50 to be in the position shewn at Figure 6, in which
the roller 55 of lever 51 is in contact with its shortest radius, and consequently
the cam 9 is in position for holding the grinding wheels the greatest distance
apart at the thickest parts of the blade as at Figure 1, then, on the cam 50
revolving, the one bulge 50* will cause the grinding wheels to approach each, so
as to grind the hollows behind the swell of the blade, after which as the
bulge 50 recedes from lever 51, the grinding rollers will first be moved
slightly apart again, so as to produce the swell on the blade, and as the radius
of the cam again increases towards the highest point 50**, the grinding rollers
will be made to approach again so as to grind the part of the blade from the swell
to the edge. As the cam 50 performs the second half of its revolution the reverse
action of the grinding wheels will be produced by the second bulge 50% of the cam.
If the arm 47 is disengaged from the quadrant 42 by the withdrawal of the
locking bolt 48, the arm, together with the levers 51 and 53 connected thereto
will drop by gravity, until the arm 47 comes against the lower stop 43 on
quadrant 42. As the roller 55 will thus drop away from the cam 50 no motion
will be imparted to these levers by the cam and consequently the to and fro motion
of the cam 9 will cease, and this will remain in the position in which it keeps the
grinding wheels the greatest distance apart. When it is desired to put the above
described mechanism into action again, the arm 47 is raised up by means of a
hand lever 57 attached thereto at the same time that quadrant 42* is depressed by
treadle lever 44, until the locking bolt 48 engages with the quadrant 42 again.
It will be seen that in addition to the throwing out of gear of roller 55 by the
disconnection of arm 47 from quadrant 42* the to and fro motion of the cam. 9,
can also be stopped by the depression of the treadle lever 44 in opposition to the
spring rod 46, as by such depression the rod 45 will pull downward quadrant 42*
and will consequently depress lever 51 and roller 55.
In addition to the above described to and fro motion of the template cam 9 this
also receives a gradual forward motion in the direction from 6 to a, that is to
say, from the thinner to the thicker part, in order to gradually bring the grinding
wheels 2*, 2 together as the blade 70 becomes thinner by grinding. This motion
is effected automatically as follows. The driving shaft 11 imparts motion by
belts and speed pulleys 65 and 65* to a pulley 64 mounted loose on the shaft 10
of the cam 9. This pulley carries a roller 65 running in a cam groove 62, the
boss of which can slide longitudinally on shaft 10 and which is connected to a
cranked arm 61 pivotted to an elbow lever 60 mounted loose on the spindle of
the worm 40. The lever 60 carries a spring pawl 60* which engages with a ratchet
wheel 58 fixed on the spindle of worm 40. Thus at each revolution of the
pulley 64 and roller 63, the latter in imparting an outward motion to the cam 62
and arm 61, causes the elbow lever 60 and pawl 60* to turn the wheel 58 through
a distance of one or more teeth and consequently to partially rotate the worm 40.
This in its turn rotates the worm wheel 39 through a corresponding distance and
thereby turns shaft 10 and cam 9 to a slight extent in the direction from 6 to a,
at the same time that the cam is receiving its before described to and fro motion
by means of the bracket 42 and quadrant 42*.
This gradual advance of the grinding wheels towards each other requires to be
stopped at a certain predetermined point in order to insure that the blade shall
only be ground down to a certain degree of thinness.
This is effected automatically as follows. On the worm spindle below the
ratchet wheel 58 is fixed a worm wheel 66, and below this there is mounted loose
on the spindle a bracket 67 carrying a worm 68 gearing with the worm wheel 66.
On the bracket 67 is fixed a shroud 69 which covers a few of the teeth of the
ratchet wheel 58. The bracket 67 with its shroud is in the first instance adjusted
by hand by means of the worm 68 into such an angular position relatively to the
awl 60%, that by the time the blade has been ground down to the required degree
of thinness by the gradual advance of the cam 9, the parts of the ratchet wheel

page_text: covered by the shroud 69 will have been brought round underneath the pawl 60*
so that the shroud will then raise the pawl out of gear with the ratchet wheel, and
the farther advance of the cam will be stopped. The grinding being thus
completed, the attendant turns the worm spindle 40 by means of the hand wheel 41
so as to turn the shaft 10 and worm 9 in the contrary direction to the advance,
i.e. in the direction from a to b, thereby separating the grinding wheels to their
greatest distance apart, so that the finished blade can be removed and a fresh
blank introduced.
The outer end of the cam shaft 10 is supported by a bracket 75.
The screws 8, 8, of the brackets 3, 3 are secured in the position to which they
have been adjusted by spring catches 8, 8, engaging with their milled heads.
If in the course of grinding the grinding wheels 2*, 2*, should become untrue
they can be ground true by being brought into contact with each other while
running by turning the hand wheel 41.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed we declare that what we claim
is:
-
1. A machine for grinding cutlery wherein there is imparted to the blade to
he ground a to-and-fro motion both in a longitudinal direction and in a transverse
direction between a pair of grinding wheels, while these have imparted to them
a motion to and from each other synchronously with the said transverse motion,
substantially as and for the purposes set forth.
2. In a machine for grinding cutlery such as is referred to in the first claim,
effecting the reciprocating motion of the grinding wheels by means of a two faced
template cam such as 9, having a reciprocating motion between two swinging
brackets such as 3 carrying the grinding wheels and having adjustable screws
in contact with the opposite faces of such cam, this being so formed that when
turning in one direction it moves the brackets and grinding wheels apart, and
when turning in the contrary direction it allows the brackets and wheels to be
moved towards each other by spring action, substantially as described.
3. Actuating the cam device referred to in the second claim, by means of
mechanism so arranged that in addition to imparting to the cam a reciprocating
rotary motion it also imparts thereto an advancing motion, such that as the
blade being ground becomes thinner, the cam gradually allows the brackets and
grinding wheels to come nearer together, substantially as described.
4. Effecting the reciprocating rotary motion of the template cam referred to
in Claims 2 and 3 by means of an arm connected to the axis of the said cam and
receiving motion from a revolving cam or excentric to which is connected the
second cam or excentric that imparts the up and down motion to the blade carrier,
whereby the synchronism of the motion of such blade carrier and that of the
template cam and grinding wheels is produced, substantially as described.
5. In a machine for grinding blades, the combination with a nair of grinding
wheels 2 2 carried by swinging brackets 3, 3, of reciprocating template cam 9.
adjustable screws 8, 8, carried by the brackets, in contact with the said cam, a
worm wheel 39 fixed on the shaft of cam 9 engaged with a worm 40 rotatable by
hand carried by a bracket 42 loose on the cam shaft and having a quadrant
arm 42 connected by a rod 45 to a lever receiving a reciprocating motion through
a cam or excentric 50 and lever 51, so that while the template cam and its shaft
receive a reciprocating rotary motion by means of the quadrant 42 and cam 50,
the cam shaft 10 and template cam 9 can be independently rotated by means of
the worm 40 and worm wheel 39, substantially as described.
6. In combination with the template cam 9, bracket 42 worm 40 and worm
wheel 39, a ratchet wheel 58, fixed on the axis of the worm wheel, and a lever 60,
carrying a pawl 60* gearing with the ratchet wheel, such lever and pawl being
actuated by suitable means so as to effect the gradual rotation of the worm 40,
whereby the worm wheel 39, shaft 10, and template cam 9 are gradually rotated in

page_text: the direction for allowing the grinding wheels 2* 2* to approach each other at the
same time that they are moved to and fro, substantially as described.
7. In combination with the ratchet wheel 58 and pawl 60* a worm wheel 66
fixed on the axis of worm 40, and a bracket 67 loose on the said axis, carrying a
worm 68 gearing with the worm wheel 66, and a shroud 69 covering some of
the teeth of the ratchet wheel, so that when by the rotation of the ratchet wheel
the shroud passes under the pawl 60%, this is disengaged from the ratchet wheel 58,
substantially as and for the purposes described.
8. In combination with the bracket 42, and quadrant 42* carried by the shaft
of template cam 9, a lever arm 47, mounted loose on the said shaft and bracket
but capable of being locked with the quadrant arm 42* by a spring bolt, which
arm is connected by a rod 54, and lever 53 to a lever 51 bearing with a roller
against a revolving cam or excentric 50, so that when the arm is locked with the
quadrant 42, a spring rod 46, connected to bracket 42 keeps the lever 50 and
roller 55 in contact with the cam 50, so as to receive a to-and-fro motion there-
from, which is imparted to the bracket shaft 10 and cam 9 while when arm 47 is
disconnected from quadrant 42* such motion ceases, substantially as described.
9. In a machine for grinding blades, the combination with the grinding
wheels 2 2 receiving a motion to and from each other by means of a reciprocating
two-faced template cam 9, of a blade support consisting of a tubular head 18
receiving an up and down motion upon a column 25 by means of revolving cam or
excentric 29, while at the same time the column and head receive a rocking motion
upon an axis, by means of a lever 14, and detachable connecting rod 15 from an
excentric 13, the cam or excentric 29 imparting the said up and down motion
to the head 18, being connected to a cam or excentric 50 that imparts the to-and-
fro motion to the said template cam 9 whereby the synchronism of these two
motions is obtained, substantially as described.
10. A machine for grinding cutlery combined and operating as herein described
with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Dated this 26th day of August 1897.
ABEL & IMRAY,
Agents for the Applicants.