A NEW OR IMPROVED MANUFACTURE OF ROLLERS OR CYLINDERS FOR PRINTING FABRICS
Year: 1857

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Theodore Hyla Jennens, of Hunter's Lane, Bir-
mingham, in the County of Warwick, Gentleman, for the Invention of
"A NEW OR IMPROVED MANUFACTURE OF ROLLERS OR CYLINDERS FOR PRINTING
FABRICS."
Sealed the 21st July 1857, and dated the 28th February 1857.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Theodore Hyla Jennens
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
28th February 1857.
I, THEODORE HYLA JENNENS, of Hunter's Lane, Birmingham, in the County
of Warwick, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of my said Invention
for "A NEW OR IMPROVED MANUFACTURE OF ROLLERS OR CYLINDERS FOR PRINTING
FABRICS," to be as follows (that is to say):-
a.
My improvements in the manufacture of such rollers or cylinders consist in
making the basis or groundwork of papier mâché or paper pulp, compressed
in a suitable mould by hydraulic or other suitable pressure, with or without
metalic tongue for sliding in the groove of the spindle on which they work
during the operation of printing. Over this papier mâché or pulp base I
draw or otherwise form a seamless casing of copper or of copper alloy, of
any desired uniform thickness, which being drawn down to the desired size
on the papier maché or pulp base, a perfect union will be effected, and the
pressure consequent on the process of drawing will be such as to compress.
the papier maché or pulp into a solid and compact mass.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Theodore Hyla Jennens in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 27th August 1857.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, THEODORE
HYLA JENNENS, of Hunter's Lane, Birmingham, in the County of Warwick,
Gentleman, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-eighth day of February, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-seven, in the twentieth year of Her
reigr., did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said Theodore Hyla Jennens, Her special licence that I, the said Theodore
Hyla Jennens, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I,
the said Theodore Hyla Jennens, my executors, administrators, and assigns,
should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all
times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "A NEW
OR IMPROVED MANUFACTURE OF ROLLERS OR CYLINDERS FOR PRINTING FABRICS,"
upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Theodore Hyla Jennens,
by an instrument in writing under my hand and scal, should particularly
describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner
the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great
Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the
date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Theodore Hyla Jennens, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement (that is to say):→
The object of my Invention is to economize the material of which such
rollers or cylinders (as named in the title of this my in part recited Letters
Patent) are usually made, namely, copper or alloys of copper. And this I do
by substituting or forming the bodies of such rollers or cylinders of paper,
papier maché, paper pulp, or other such like suitable fibrous material, either
by pressing or forming them in suitable moulds, or by winding suitable paper
coated with paste, or other suitably adhesive material around a parallel or
slightly tapered mandrill, and which mandrill I purpose to be of the size of the
spindle on which such roller or cylinder would be placed when required in
printing fabrics. And in the process of wrapping around such paper, all

page_text: surplus or excess of paste or other adhesive material must be pressed-out, and
the paper wrapped around one course on the other as tight and closely as
possible, taking care to dry and stove the so formed cylinder during this
process at every third or fourth layer of paper, according to its thickness or to
the amount of moisture absorbed in the process of making up, and when
this paper body is of sufficient size, and thoroughly dry and hardened by oiling
and stoving, in the usual way in which papier maché goods are treated, or
otherwise as shall be found most convenient, I draw over it a tube of copper
or copper alloy of from three-eighths to one-half of an inch in thickness,
more or less as required, the internal diameter of which must be of the full
size of the paper cylinder or body, so as to admit of being readily placed over
it; in this state the body or cylinder, with its copper covering, is placed on a
suitable mandrill, and is pulled through a hole or holes at a common draw-
bench, which so contracts the circumference of the copper casing, that it
impinges or compresses the paper body into a hard, compact, and fixed state
around the mandrill on which it has been drawn, and is now in a state to be
cut off to its proper length and turnod on its surface and removed from tho
mandrill, which completes it in a manufacturing point of view, as the
engraving or otherwise forming the design on its surface is a distinct branch,
to which my improvements do not relate.
In order to carry out my Invention as herein described, and to produce the
best and most certain result, I prefer using a suitable iron or other frame, in
which I mount, on suitable elastic bearings, a metallic or other suitable roller
or drum, above the axis of which I provide other bearings; and through these
bearings I pass the parallel or taper mandrill before referred to (on which
I propose to form the paper body), and to which mandrill I apply a winch
handle or suitable means of making it revolve. And in the front of this frame
I fix a bed or a board, on which I place the paper from which the body is to
be formed, thero to be pasted or covered with the adhesive material, using one
or more thicknesses of paper if required, but always observing to coat the
upper surface of such sheet or sheets before beginning to form it into a cylinder.
by wrapping it around the mandrill, which have now to be put in motion, and
as the axis of the metal or other roller or drum before referred to rests on
elastic bearings, it is evident that, as the paper between its face and the
mandrill on which it is to be wound passes between them, it will not only be
wound tight, but all excess of paste or other adhesivo material will be pressed
out; and to save the necessity of frequent drying and stoving, the roller or
drum over which the paper passes may be heated by steam, or otherwise, which

page_text: will greatly facilitate the evaporating of any moisture that may be in the
adhesive material used for this purpose.
A sectional view of a finished roller made according to this description, and
removed from the centre mandrill, is exhibited at Figure 1 of the Drawings
hereto annexed, A representing the copper, and B the paper body.
In some instances instead of winding the paper, of which the body is to be
composed, on a mandrill to be withdrawn when finished, a thin parallel or
taper tube may be used and allowed to remain as a fixture in the finished
cylinder or roller, as exhibited also in a sectional view at Fig. 2, C, C, repre-
senting the tube herein described. It frequently occurs that in addition to
the hole through such rollers or cylinders being made taper, and therefore
capable of being fixed tight on the spindle on which they are placed when in
work, they are sometimes also formed with a nib or projection lengthway
through their bore, as a further security for preventing the roller or cylinder
turning around on its axis while in work, a corresponding parallel groove being
of course formed along the lengthway side of the taper or parallel spindle to
receive such nib, and which nib I propose to form on the interior tube, before
referred to, in the manner represented at Fig. 3, the nib being shown at D
as formed out of the tube C; but in this case, and to meet the necessity or
practice of having the hole taper, I propose to make the tube C of sheet iron,
or of a low quality of brass, or other suitable metal or metals, such iron, brass,
or other metals, being rolled as much thicker at one end than at the other as
the tapering proportion of the hole, which is about one-eighth of an inch in the
whole length of the roll; this enables me to draw the internal tube with a nib
upon it on a suitable taper mandrill through a hole at a common draw bench;
so that while such inner tubes will be taper on the inside, they will be parallel
on the out.
When such tubular bodies are formed of pulp in counterdistinction to using
sheets of paper, as herein-before described. I prefer perforating the internal
tube marked C,' and set it up in the centre of another perforated tube the size
of the diameter of the paper cylinder I propose to make, and fill up the space
between the inner and outer tube with pulp, to which I apply pressure, either.
by an hydraulic press, compressed air, screw, or other suitable mechanical
agency that will give out its pressure continuously until all the water with
which the pulp is mixed is pressed through the perforations in the internal and
external tubes. When in this state, the cylinder may be placed in a slow but
uniform heat to further evaporate any moisture that may yet remain, when it
may be steeped in oil and dried, as before described, or treated in any other.

page_text: suitable way, and removed from the outer tube, when the last process may be
again repeated; or it may be removed from the outer tube before steeping it
in oil, as shall be found in practice most desirable.
In some instances the inner tube may be withdrawn also, in which case a
metal nib is formed, and laid in and held by the pulp, as shewn at Fig. 4,
E, E, being the inner tube or mould on which it has been formed to be with-
drawn, F the nib, and G the pulp.
Having thus described the nature of my said Invention, and the manner in
which the same may be carried into effect, I wish it understood that I do not
confine myself to any particular mode or method of making the paper or pulp
bodies of such rollers or cylinders herein-before described, as the same may
be formed in a variety of ways; as for instance, discs of paper or papier
mâché may be cut out, pierced, and put together with suitable adhesive
material on an internal tube until it is of sufficient length to form the roller or
cylinder I may require, such cylinder or roller being finished with its copper
casing, in the same manner as before described; but what I do claim as my
Invention is, the manufacturing of the bodies of such rollers or cylinders from
paper, papier mâché, paper pulp, or other suitable fibrous materials, in counter-
distinction to the making them wholly of copper or copper alloys, as
heretofore, by which means I am enabled to effect a large saving, not only as
regards the materials, but in the cost of manufacturing such material into such
rollers or cylinders.
In witness whereof, I, the said Theodore Hyla Jennens, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Twenty-sixth day of August, One thousand
eight hundred and fifty-seven.
Witness,
SAMUEL WILEY.
THEODORE HYLA JENNENS. (LS.)