IMPROVEMENTS IN FURNACES AND APPARATUS FOR HEATING CURRENTS OF AIR."
Year: 1881

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Bissett, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark,
North Britain, for an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN FURNACES AND
APPARATUS FOR HEATING CURRENTS OF AIR."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Bissett at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 8th December 1881.
JOHN BISSETT, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North Britain.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN FURNACES AND APPARATUS FOR HEATING CURRENTS OF
AIR."
This Invention relates to certain improvements in the construction and arrange-
ment of furnaces or stoves and apparatus for heating currents of air for the warming
and ventilation of houses or buildings, such as Turkish baths and drying chambers
or hot chambers, to be used for disinfecting clothing, and for other like purposes;
and the object of the Invention is so to construct such apparatus that it may be
of low first cost, simple and efficient in action, easily erected and taken to pieces for
repair.
According to one modification of the Invention a series of vertical air tubes is
fitted to pass through a heating chamber formed by preference beyond the com-
bustion chamber of a long furnace or fire-grate, such furnace being built of brick-
work, or of metal plates lined with brickwork, and formed with an air space all
round the sides and over the arch or crown, through which cool air from the outside,
entering by gratings, is allowed to traverse and pass in a heated state within the
building. The flame or products of combustion of this furnace pass over a bridge
into a combustion chamber, at the end of which the heating chamber containing
the air tubes is formed, but separated from the former by a movable baffle plate or
dash plate, against which the flame must strike before coming in contact with the
air tubes. This plate, which is by preference perforated with small holes, may be
formed of metal, or of a slab of fire-clay or similar refractory material, and is fitted
over a slit or opening in the bottom of the chamber, through which it can be
withdrawn and replaced when worn out by the action of the flames or hot gases.

page_text: The tube heating chamber may be formed with walls of brick-work, but is by
preference made in the form of a vertical iron cylinder with an opening near the
lower end from the combustion chamber of the furnace, and an outlet for the
smoke at the opposite side. The baffle plate is fitted at the inlet from the com-
bustion chamber, and a central partition reaching near to the top is fitted in the
tube chamber or casing to direct the fire gases and cause them to impingo on tho
tubes on one side, and then on those on the other side of the division plate before
passing away by the outlet flue to the chimney. The upper and lower ends of the
tube chamber are closed with iron plates, through which the air tubes are fitted in
such a manner that they can be easily inserted or withdrawn.
For this purpose
the tubes are either made tapered and fitted in corresponding holes in the upper
and lower plates, or they are formed with tapered or expanded ends, the upper
holes being larger than the lower, so that the tubes may be inserted from above.
Air from the outside of the building is admitted through a flue below the tube
chamber, and its direct flow through the air tubes is interrupted by means of a
perforated plate placed below, which ensures an equal distribution of the air to
and through the tubes, wherein it is heated by the fire gases playing on the outside,
and thence passes direct into the building which is to be warned..
The ash pit of the furnace is made of considerable depth, and extends below the
combustion and tube chambers, so that workmen may enter to remove, replace, or
repair the battle plate or tubes, or other movable parts, doors being fitted at the
mouth of the ash pit, and between it and the air flue.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said John Bissett in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 2nd Juno
1882.
JOHN BISSETT, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North Britain.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN FURNACES AND APPARATUS FOR HEATING CURRENTS OF
AIR."
My said Invention relates to certain improvements in the construction and
arrangement of furnaces or stoves and apparatus for heating currents of air for
the warming and ventilating of houses or buildings, such as Turkish baths and
drying chambers, or hot chambers to be used for disinfecting clothing, and for
other like purposes; and the object of the Invention is to so construct such
apparatus that it may be of low first cost, simple and efficient in action, easily
erected and taken to pieces for repair.
In order that my said Invention, and the manner of performing the same may
be properly understood, I have hereunto appended a Sheet of explanatory Drawings,
in which Figure 1 is a vertical section of a modification of my improved furnace
and apparatus for heating air, and Figure 2 is a sectional plan on the line 1 --1
in Figure 1 of the tubular air-heating apparatus detached from the furnace.
The improved apparatus comprises a series of vertical air tubes a, a, fitted to
pass through a heating chamber A formed by preference beyond the combustion
chamber B of a long furnace or fire-grate C, such furnace being built of brick-
work or of metal plates lined with brickwork, and formed with an air space CL
all round the sides and over the arch or crown C, through which cool air from
the outside entering by gratings at the front or sides of the brickwork is allowed
to traverse. The air passing through this space C¹ is heated by radiant heat from
the sides and crown of the furnace C, B, and thence enters, along with the hot air
from the tubular heating apparatus a, A, into the room or apartment E to be
warmed. The heating furnace C is fitted outside the building or apartment, and
the tubular air heating apparatus, either as shown, projecting up through the
flooring E within the apartment E', or in close proximity to it, so that the heated
air may be directly led thereinto. The flames or products of combustion of the
furnace C pass over a bridge c into the combustion chamber B, at the end of which
the heating chamber A containing the air tubes a is formed, but separated from
the former by a movable baffle plate or dash plate A¹, against which the flame must
strike before coming in contact with the air tubes a, a. This plate A¹, which is
by preference perforated with small holes, may be formed of metal or of a slab of
fire-clay or similar refractory material, and is fitted over a slit or opening A² in
the bottom of the chamber A, through which it can be withdrawn and replaced
when worn out by the action of the flames or hot gases. The tubular heating
chamber A, a, may be formed with walls of brickwork, but is by preference made
in the form of a vertical iron cylinder, and surrounded by a protecting cylinder F,
on which the hot flame does not impinge. An opening A³ is formed near the lower
end of the cylinder A communicating with the combustion chamber B of the
furnace C, and an outlet A' is provided for the smoke at the opposite side leading
into a chimney flue G fitted with a damper G¹. The baffle plate A' is fitted at the
inlet from the combustion chamber B, and if desired a central partition reaching
near to the top may be fitted in the tube chamber or casing A to direct the fire
gases and cause them to impinge on the tubes on one side, and then on those on the
other side of the division plate before passing away by the outlet flue G to the
chimney. The upper and lower ends of the tube chamber are closed with iron

page_text: "
plates a¹, a², through which the air tubes a are fitted in such a manner that they
can be easily inserted or withdrawn. For this purpose the tubes a are either made
tapered and fitted in corresponding holes in the upper and lower plates a', a³, or
they are formed with tapered or expanded ends, the upper holes at a' being larger
than the lower a², so that tlie tubes a may be inserted from above. Air from the
outside of the building is admitted through a flue or chamber H below the tubo
chamber A, and its direct flow through the air tubes is interrupted by means of a
perforated plate I placed below, which insures an equal distribution of the air to
and through the tubes a, wherein it is heated by the fire gases playing on the
outside, and thenco passes direct into the building E which is to be warmed.
Valves or other means may be provided for regulating or controlling the admission
of air through the flue and chamber H to the heater A, a.
•
The ashpit C of the furnace is made of considerable depth, and the admission
of air thereto may be regulated by the doors D, and it may extend below the
combustion and tube chambers; or the chamber H may be made of such depth
that workmen may enter to remove, replace, or repair the baffle plate A' or tubes a,
or other movable parts, a door being fitted at the mouth of the ashpit, and between
it and the air flue, or as shown at H¹, leading into the chamber H.
Having thus described my said Invention, and the manner of performing the
same, I have to state that I do not restrict myself to the precise details herein
described or delineated, but what I believe to be novel and original, and therefore
claim as the Invention secured to me by the hereinbefore in part recited Letters
Patent is,-
First. The arrangement and combination of a heating furnace and tubular air
heating apparatus, substantially as herein described and delineated.
Second. In apparatus for heating currents of air, the arrangement or con-
struction of an air heating chamber (A) fitted with movable tubes (a) and dash
plate (A¹), substantially as and for the purposes herein set forth.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Bissett, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this Thirty-first day of May, in the year of our Lord One thousand
eight hundred and eighty-two.
Witness,
WALLACE FAIRWEATHER, C.E.,
96, Buchanan Street,
Glasgow.
JOHN BISSETT. (18.)