IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING,
Year: 1881

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James Wood, of Bingley, in the County of York, Stuff
Manufacturer, for an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING,
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James Wood at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 2nd April 1881.
JAMES WOOD, of Bingley, in the County of York, Stuff Manufacturer.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING, AND IN APPARATUS
THEREWITH."
CONNECTED
This Invention relates to employing an apparatus fitted to looms for delivering
the warps at any required equal pressure or tension from end to end as the weaving
operations proceed, by which means the warps are prevented from stretching or
twisting, thereby producing better woven fabrics.
For this purpose (for ordinary looms) I fit on one end of the warp beam a cast
iron shoe or glove, which is secured to the beam end by screws; on the outside of
the shoe or glove and near the end is cast a circular flange having tapered or
angular sides; or by preference on the outside of the shoe or glove is shrunk
a wrought iron or steel ring made also with tapered or angular sides.
On the top of the flange or ring I fit a cap which is made with a wedge shaped
recess, and a space is left between the flange or ring top and the top of the recess
for the admission of air. The back end of the cap is fitted with a stud which
works freely in a socket formed on an union joint; the top part of this joint is
made the reverse way of the bottom part, and through the top socket is passed a
stud which is secured to a bearing plate which is fixed to the loom frame. The
studs have a free action in the sockets, which allow free play for the oscillation of
the warp beam.
The front of the cap is fitted with a stud over which is passed a T headed
socket, the bottom part of which is cut with a screw in which screws the screwed
top end of a rod having at the bottom end a hook. The rod can be screwed in
or out of the socket according to requirements. The hook is passed through one
of the holes made in a pressure lever which works on a stud secured in a bracket
Din C21

page_text: which is fixed to the loom frame, and the lever is made on the top with notches
which are graduated, and by preference with twelve notches in a foot length of the
lever, that is to say, a space of one half inch is left between the two first notches,
which spaces between the notches gradually increase until one inch or more is left
between the two last notches. Over the lever is passed a ring or hook to which is
secured a weight, and this. weight is placed in position, and the ring or hook in
the notch on the lever to give the required weight or pressure on the warps; and
to remove pressure or tension from the warps every time a length is woven the
weight is moved a notch towards the fulcrum; and to enable the overlooker to see
that the required pressure is given according to the requirements of the weaving
operations, a marker is employed which is made to slide on the lever, and secured
when in position by a set screw. When the warps are ready for weaving, and
before starting the loom, the marker is placed next to the weight and secured
thereto by the set screw, and to remove pressure each time a length is woven the
operator removes the weight a notch, aud the number of notches removed from the
marker should indicate the number of lengths woven, or the overlooker will see
that the weaver is not doing his or her duty..
For broad looms I employ an apparatus at each end of the warp beam.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said James Wood in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 1st October
1881.
JAMES WOOD, of Bingley, in the County of York, Stuff Manufacturer.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING, AND IN APPARATUS CONNECTED
THEREWITH."
The said Invention relates to employing an apparatus fitted to looms for
delivering the warps at any required equal pressure or tension from end to end
as the weaving operations proceed, by. which means the warps are prevented from
stretching or twisting, thereby producing better woven fabrics.
For this purpose for ordinary looms I fit on one end of the warp beam a cast
iron shoe or glove, which is secured to the beam end by screws; on the outside of
the shoe or glove and near the end is cast a circular flange having tapered or
angular sides; or by preference on the outside of the shoe or glove is shrunk a
wrought iron or steel ring made also with tapered or angular sides.
On the top
of the flange or ring I fit a cap which is made with a wedge-shaped recess, and a
space is left between the flange or ring top and the top of the recess for the
admission of air. The back end of the cap is fitted with a stud which works freely
in an union-joint socket; the top part of this socket is made the reverse way of
the bottom part, and through the top socket is passed a stud secured to a bearing
plate fixed to the loom frame. The studs have a free action in the sockets, which
allow free play for the oscillation of the warp beam.

page_text: The front of the cap is fitted with a stud over which is passed a T headed socket,
the bottom part of which is cut with a screw in which screws the screwed top end of
a rod having at the bottom end a hook. The rod can be screwed in or out of the
socket according to requirements. The hook is passed through one of a number
of holes made in a pressure lever, which works on a stud secured in a bracket fixed
to the loom frame, and the lever is made on the top with notches which by
preference are graduated, with twelve notches in a foot length of the lever, that is
to say, a space of one half inch is left between the two first notches, and the spaces
between the notches gradually increase up to one inch or more between the two
last notches. Over the lever is passed a hook or ring secured to a weight, and this
weight is placed in position, and the hook or ring in the notch on the lever. To
give the required weight or pressure on the warps, and to remove pressure or
tension from the warps every time a length is woven, the weight is moved a notch
towards the fulcrum; and to enable the overlooker to see that the required pressure
is given according to the weaving operations, a marker is employed which is made
to slide on the lever, and is secured when in position by a set screw. When the
warps are ready for weaving, and before starting the loom, the marker is placed
next to the weight, and secured thereto by the set screw, and to remove the
pressure each time a length is woven the operator removes the weight a notch,
and the number of notches removed from the marker should indicate the number
of lengths woven, if otherwise the overlooker will see that the weaver is not doing
his or her duty.
For broad looms I employ an apparatus at each end of the warp beam; but in
order to enable my improvements to be better understood I will proceed to describe
the same by reference to the accompanying Drawing, in which Figure 1 represents
a side elevation of part of a loom frame, with side elevation of my improved
apparatus for delivering the warps at any required equal pressure or tension; and
Figure 2 represents a back view of the loom and front view of the improved
apparatus; Figure 3 represents a side elevation of the shoe or glove, with cap
drawn to an enlarged scale; Figure 4, front view, and Figure 5 sectional elevation
of the same; Figure 6 represents a side view of an union socket, showing the side
view of the socket through which passes the stud of the bracket, which is secured
to the side frame of the loom; and Figure 7, side view of the same, showing the
socket through which is passed the stud at the back of the cap; Figure 8 represents
a side view of the bracket, which is secured to the inside of the loom frame, and
Figure 9 front view of the same.
Similar letters of reference are employed to represent similar parts.
On the ends of the warp beam A of the loom shoes or gloves B are secured by
screws, and on each shoe is cast a circular flange or ring C, having tapered or
angular sides D; the flange or ring may be made of steel or of wrought iron, which
is shrunk and secured on the shoe or glove B. When the warp beam is fitted in
position in the loom, a cap E is placed on the top of the tapered flange or ring C,
and the cap is made with a tapered recess F, so as to leave when in position on the
cap a space G between the top of the flange or ring and the top of the recess F to
admit air. The back of the cap is fitted with a stud H, which works freely in a
socket I of an union socket; the other socket J is made the reverse way to the
socket I, and through the socket J is passed a stud K secured in a bracket L, fixed
to the loom frame M by a bolt O, which is passed through a slot hole in the frame
and the slot hole P of the bracket L. The studs H and K have a free action in
the sockets I and J, which allows free play for the oscillation of the warp beam.
The front of the cap E is fitted with a stud N, on which is passed a T headed
socket Q; the bottom part of this socket is cut with a screw, in which screws either
in or out a screwed end R of a rod S. This rod is made with a hook T, which is
passed through one of the holes U of a pressure lever V, which works on a stud W
secured in a bracket X fixed to the loom frame. The top of the lever V is made
with notches Y, and the notches can be made with a space of one half inch between
the two first notches at the end of the lever, increasing gradually until one inch or

page_text: more is left between the last two notches: Over the lever V is passed a hook or
loop Z, which is fixed in a weight A', and the hook or loop and weight are placed
in position on the lever V according to the required pressure to be placed on the
warps when starting the warps. A marker B¹ is then slid on the lever V, and
placed against the hook or loop of the weight A¹, and secured in position by a set
screw C¹. To remove pressure or tension from the warps each time a length is
woven the weaver moves the weight A' a notch or two towards the fulcrum, and
the overlooker can see that the required pressure is given, according to the weaving
operations by the number of lengths woven and the number of notches from the
marker B to the hook or loop of the weight A', and the number of notches should
indicate the number of lengths woven; if otherwise the overlooker will at once see
that the weaver is not doing his or her duty.
For broad looms I employ an apparatus similar to that hereinbefore described,
fitted at each end of the warp beam.
Having thus described my improvements, and the best means I am acquainted
with for carrying the same into effect, I would have it understood that I do not
confine myself to the precise details shewn and described, as they may be varied
without departing from the peculiar character of the Invention, but what I
claim is,―
Firstly. The combination of parts forming the improved machine or apparatus for
delivering the warps in looms for weaving at any required equal pressure or tension
from end to end as the weaving operations proceed, substantially in the manner
and for the purposes hereinbefore described and illustrated in the accompanying
Drawing.
Secondly. The construction and employment of a shoe or glove having a circular
flange made with tapered or angular sides, over which is fitted a cap having a
recess made with tapered sides, in which enters the tapered sides of the circular
flange in such a manner as to leave a space for the admission of air between the
flange and the top of the recess, substantially as herein described and represented
in the accompanying Drawing.
In witness whereof, I, the said James Wood, have hereto set my hand and
seal, this Thirtieth day of September, in the year of our Lord One thousand
eight hundred and eighty one.
Witness,
WALTER JAS. TURNER, C.E.,
Patent Agent,
Bradford.
JAMES WOOD. (L.S.)