IMPROVEMENTS IN ELECTRIC LAMPS AND IN APPARATUS FOR USE IN THEREWITH AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1882

page_text: "
LETTERS PATENT to Henry Harris Lake, of the firm of Haseltine, Lake
and Co. Patent Agents, Southampton Buildings, London for an Invention of
IMPROVEMENTS IN ELECTRIC LAMPS AND IN APPARATUS FOR USE IN
THEREWITH AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES Communicated to
him from abroad by Silvanus Frederick Van Choate, of the City and State
of New York, United States of America, Electrical and Telegraphic Engineer
CONNECTION
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Henry Harris Lake at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 15th September 1882.
HENRY HARRIS LAKE, of the firm of Haseltine Lake & Co Patent Agents,
Southampton Buildings, London "IMPROVEMENTS IN ELECTRIC LAMPS AND IN
"
APPARATUS FOR USE IN CONNECTION THEREWITH AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES
[A communication to him from abroad by Silvanus Frederick Van Choate, of
the City and State of New York, United States of America, Electrical and
Telegraphic Engineer]
This invention relates to electric lamps or lighting apparatus, and to apparatus
to be used in connection or in combination therewith, and for other purposes.
The object of the first part of this invention is to produce an electric lamp that
will give a more steady light than any arc-light of like character now in use, and
with less expenditure of electrical energy, and which is, at the same time,
susceptible of being formed with a higher artistic appearance, and is also free from
many of the serious defects of other arc lamps.
I attain this object by means of several novel features, among which may be
mentioned the following viz-
The introduction, and peculiar arrangement and combination, of two distinct
automatic feed-movements for regulating the carbons; one of which, for
convenience of description, I will call " the abnormal feed" and the other "the
micrometer feed," the former, acting automatically without magnetic influences,
and the latter, acting under the restraint of magnetic action.

page_text: A peculiar arrangement of magnets, coils and circuits by which a very low
resistance in the lamp to the action of the electric current, is attained.
A peculiar arrangement of the reflectors, globes, supports and casings, by means
of which pleasing and artistic effects are attainable.
In carrying the said invention into practice, I provide a supporting plate or disc
for the operative mechanism of the lamp, preferably of an insulating material, and
hung by means of rods from the interior of a cap piece or hood. Standards rise
from the said plate and are connected at their top by a cross-piece from which the
spool of the regulating electro-magnet of the lamp is supported; upon the spool are
wound the usual coil or coils connected in the ordinary manner with the general
circuits supplying current to the lamp, which spool is of iron or similar magnetic
material and is provided with a pole-piece clamped to its upper head and extending
downwards into line with its lower head so as to form, in effect, a horse-shoe
magnet both poles of which act upon the armature by which the feed-mechanism
is actuated or controlled; the said pole-piece or extension may be formed or cast
in one piece with the spool, if so desired. The said pole-piece is not very essential;
it is used only to strengthen the magnet, and may be dispensed with, when desired.
A supporting and adjusting screw is mounted in the cross-piece for supporting and
adjusting the spool or regulating magnet by means of a screw-thread on its lower
end, said spool being prevented from turning, and being also guided, by a pin
projecting upwards from the plate through the armature into a perforation in the
lower spool-head.
The centre of the spool or magnet is made in the form of a hollow cylinder to
form a path for the carbon holder or carrier, and a metallic tube or sleeve, preferably
of copper or brass, is fitted to said carrier so as to make good contact therewith,
but at the same time to move longitudinally upon said carrier or to allow the
carrier to be moved within it. The said tube or sleeve is guided at its two
extremities by rings or washers (preferably of steel) which are fixed, one in a sleeve
of insulating material mounted in the cross-piece, and the other in another
insulating sleeve supported by a flange formed upon the interior of a short tube
which is supported beneath the supporting plate by means of screws which enter
a flange at the top of the tube; a blade-spring is fixed at one end to a stud
projecting upwards from the supporting plate and bearing at its free end upon the
upper side of an insulated pin projecting from the side of the tube so as to tend
constantly to force the latter downward with a force sufficient to reinove the
knuckle joint levers, hereinafter to be described, from contact with the carrier, as
well as to move the armature and carrier downward promptly. Fixed to the tube,
so as to move with it or to carry it upwards against the action of the spring when
attracted by the regulating magnet, is the armature of the regulating electro-
magnet, in, or on, which armature is pivotted a spring-actuated friction-clutch or dog.
One arm of said dog is rounded at its end where it forms a friction toe or clamp
bearing against the side of the carbon carrier, while its other end is acted upon by
a coiled spring which is held in a tube mounted upon the armature and tends to
hold the friction toe in engagement with the carrier with a force regulated by an
adjustable cap secured upon the upper end of the tube containing the spring. The
amount of friction is to be adjusted to such a degree that the carrier will be held
from feeding, and when the tube and the connected armature move downward, the
carrier will be moved downward by a positive action, but so that the toe can slide
over the surface of the carrier when the latter is held from upward movement, and
said toe and its actuating armature are lifted by the attraction of the regulating
electro-magnet. I provide an adjustable stop for the armature, which stop may be
adjusted to determine the length of arc that shall be formed when the lamp
begins to act, also a second adjustable stop adjusted slightly above the line of the
first stop and immediately beneath the horizontal arm of the friction-clutch so
that if the armature and the connected clutch drop to a sufficient distance to bring
the horizontal arm into engagement with the stop, the friction-toe will be removed
from engagement with the carrier, which will then drop freely. The latter stop

page_text: I term the abnormal feed-stop, or releasing device, which, in the normal operation
of the lamp does not come into action, the operation of feeding the carrier to
compensate for combustion of the carbon being brought about by the movements
of the armature between the spool and a second stop, to be presently described,
which stop I term the auxiliary or micrometer stop, and which is applied so as to
prevent the armature from dropping back to a point where the friction-clutch will
be released. The latter stop is under the control of the regulating electro-magnet,
or of an auxiliary electro-magnet energized from the lighting circuit, and when
set in position allows only a very small range of movement of the armature, which,
by means of devices to be presently described, results in the production of what I
term the micrometer feed.
The auxiliary or micrometer stop is attached to, or formed upon, the end of an
armature lever which is pivotted between ears formed upon the cross-piece and
which bridges, and is attracted by, both spool heads forming an armature or keeper
across both heads. To the armature is applied a retracting spring or equivalent
retracting device, which, when the attraction ceases, or becomes sufficiently
weakened, withdraws the stop out of range of the armature-lever and allows
the latter to drop back sufficiently to release the friction-toe. The tension of the
retractor is however so slight that during the ordinary operation of the lamp it
cannot overcome the attraction of the magnet. If however the attraction be
diminished by extinction of the arc, or by the formation of an abnormally long
arc, the retractor will act, withdrawing the stop and completely releasing the carbon-
carrier, by removing the operative portion of the friction holding and feeding
device, viz-the friction toe. The two knuckle-joint or bell-crank levers are pivotted
in ears formed upon the aforesaid short tube and pressed into engagement with
the carbon-carrier by light springs or equivalent device. The function of these
levers or dogs is to prevent the carrier from being lifted during a portion of the
upward movement of the tube and the clutch, their operation in this respect being
due to the fact that the dogs or levers impinge against the carrier on a line below
the centre of their pivotal line of support so that when the carrier begins to move
upward as soon as the lower end of the tube separates from the dogs, the levers or
dogs are caused to bind against the carrier and stop its movement under the lifting
action of the friction-clutch, the latter then sliding on the surface of the rod. The
dogs or levers being a little longer than would allow their ends which press against
the carrier to come into line with their pivot centres, they press against the sides
of the carrier when the latter is raised and tend to jam it, as it would be impossible
to bring them into exact line owing to their length. The carrier may however
move downward freely between them as when moving in this direction it tends to
separate the levers, the pressure on the end of the dogs being below their pivot
centres. The carrier, may however, be moved upward at any time by hand not-
withstanding the pressure of the end of the clutch, by the exertion of a sufficient
force to overcome the set pressure of the two dogs and the clutch, since the former
are prevented from knuckling or locking beyond a certain degree, by shoulders
which come down close to the upper edges of the dogs forming a stop which
arrests their further movement. The aforesaid tube or sleeve extends downward
to a point where, when the armature supporting it is fully released by the magnet,
said tube will come into contact with the dogs or levers and hold them out of
engagement with the carbon-carrier. It is obvious that one dog only might be
made to effect the purpose of the two. The employment of two is, however,
preferable on account of a central pressure on the carrier.
When no current is passing, and the inagnet or magnets are not energized, the
auxiliary or micrometer feed-stop is withdrawn out of range of the armature by its
retractor, and the armature rests against the abnormal feed-stops, one of which
withdraws or actuates the friction lifting and impelling clutch so that the carbon
carrier is free to drop and bring the upper carbon into contact with the lower. In
this position of the parts, the tube, by pressing downward, holds the knuckle-joint-
levers or dogs out of engagement with the carrier, the distance to which they are

page_text: removed being determined by the adjustment of the stops. When the current
passes through the magnets of the lamp, the armature is lifted, the first effect being
to allow the clutch to engage with the carrier and raise it, the knuckle-levers or
dogs being kept out of engagement with the carrier by the tube until an arc of the
proper or desired length has been formed. The tube then leaves the dogs which
come into engagement with the carrier and prevent further upward movement
thereof so that during the remaining upward movement of the armature the clutch
slips or slides upon the carrier.
The time at which the dogs shall be allowed to engage with the carrier, and the
consequent length of the arc, is determined by the adjustment of the stops as above
stated.
The armature is drawn upward against the poles of the magnet, but is prevented
from sticking by means of a facing of copper, mica or other non-magnetic material
applied to the poles or to the armature." Simultaneously with the attractions of
the armature the auxiliary or micrometer feed-stop is operated by the arinature
lever and is set beneath the armature so that its downward movements are
limited thereby, and the clutch cannot be disengaged. The armature now plays
between the poles of the magnet and the auxiliary stop, and produces the micro-
meter feed in the following manner, the extent of its movements and the fineness
of the feed being graduated by the adjustment of the magnet by means of a
supporting screw.
When, owing to consumption of the carbons or the separation between them,
the strength of the magnet decreases, the tube or sleeve and connected armature
are carried downward by gravity, and by the action of the blade-spring, and the
carrier is fed downwards by the action of the friction-clutch, its downward move.
ment not being opposed by the knuckle-levers or dogs. When, owing to the
resultant increased attraction of the magnet the armature is immediately raised
again, the carrier is prevented from rising the whole distance with it, by the action
of the said dogs which lock it from a part of the upward movement, and the clutch
then slides along on the surface of the carrier and takes a new position ready for
the next downward feed. In the micrometer feed movement the tube or sleeve
does not drop far enough to come into contact with, or operate, the knuckle-levers
or dogs. If, from any cause, the attraction of the magnet diminishes so far that the
auxiliary stop is withdrawn, the armature then recedes so as to come into contact
with the stops, whereupon the carrier is released entirely and drops until the
carbons come into contact, as before described. If the lamp be in condition to
resume its operation the armature is immediately attracted again, the arc formed,
and the micrometer feeding action again comes into play, or the carbons remain in
contact if the release has been produced, by switching the current from the lamp
until the magnet is energized by turning on the current again.
In addition to the feed regulating armature and the auxiliary stop armature, I
apply to the electro-magnet in a similar manner to the said auxiliary stop-
armature, another armature which serves to complete a cut-out or safety circuit
around the lamp when the arc is extinguished or becomes abnormally lengthened.
This armature, like the aforesaid auxiliary armature, forms a keeper across the two
heads of the magnet and is pivotted from the cross-plate. One branch of the
safety circuit wire is attached to the armature by a blade-spring projecting from,
and soldered into, the end of the armature and serving as a retractor for the
armature, and as a means of conveying the current thereto without passing
through the pivots by which it is supported. This connection, however, may be
made directly with the armature or its support. The other branch of the safety
circuit is connected to an adjustable spring contact-stop mounted upon the
supporting plate and adjustable by a set-screw passing through a post. A contact
upon the end of the armature lever serves to complete the circuit. The tension
of the spring is adjusted by a set-screw passing through an extension from the top
of the post. Other means for retracting the armature might be employed.
It is obvious that the auxiliary stop-armature might be utilized for closing the

page_text: cut-out circuit and the other armature dispensed with, I prefer, however, to employ
the two armatures as it is preferable to set the retractor of the first named armature
so that it will act with a less degree of diminution in the strength of the magnet
than will the second armature.
In order to attain as low a resistance to the electric current as possible in the
lamp magnets, and to enable me to make the magnet of small dimensions, and to
prevent the coil wire or its insulation from being burned up by the current,
I form around the magnet a branch circuit embracing a bobbin of wire wound
upon a spool, preferably of insulating material, the resistance of which bobbin is
arranged as desired to divert the necessary portion of the current into the electro-
magnet for energizing the same. As the current flows in parallel circuit or in
multiple are the resistance is lessened as compared with what it would be if all of the
current were compelled to pass through the regulating electro-magnet in tension. The
liability of the latter to injury by heating as above stated from the electric current
is also avoided. The said second spool is fixed in the top of a cap-piece or it may
be arranged otherwise and located at some other place, and arranged in any suitable
manner, and is made hollow to form a passage for the carbon-carrier and a support.
for an auxiliary tube which serves to protect the carrier from being jammed or
interfered with by the conducting wires which pass down to the lamp through the
space between said tube and the outer tube, which latter supports the whole lamp
structure. This spool or coil may be located at any other desirable point. Electrical
connection with the carrier is made through contact with its encircling tube or
sleeve, which latter carries a metallic collar at its upper end to which the positive
or negative (according to arrangement,) main conductor is screwed or clamped by.
any suitable means.
provide an insulated contact supported in a collar at the top of the tube with
which contact a collar or projection upon the carrier comes into connection for the
purpose of closing an electric circuit to mechanism which will change the circuit to
another lamp or to another carbon in the same lamp, when one carbon has been
consumed.
0
The main line or conductor is divided, one part going through the arc, carbons.
or burners, and through the main coil or magnet and on to the negative main
conductor while the other part passes through resistance coils, and other parts, and
on to said conductor where it joins the other part and where they both form the
main conductor again. The resistance of the part or branch line or loop line is.
arranged with respect to the resistance of the other part, so as to force the required'
amount of current through the carbons, arc, or burners when the lamp is working
in a proper manner; but when any disturbance of the current or continuity of the.
current through the part or circuit passing through the carbons or burners takes
place, the current has a continuously closed path undisturbed through the part or
loop line; and by this means any number of lamps or machines can be worked
or operated on one main, circuit without the electrical disturbances in the arc or
burners of one lamp interfering or disturbing the main circuit or any other lamp.
or machine in said circuit.
The remaining electrical connections of the various parts are made in the
ordinary manner. A resistance is inserted when desired in the cut out or safety.
circuit, so that the resistance of said circuit, when closed, shall be approximately
equal to that of the circuit through the arc.
I provide a protecting casing for the lamp which may be round or cylindrical,
and is secured by screws or by other means to the cap piece. To the lower end of
the cylindrical casing is secured a reflector which may be made in one piece with
the tube or casing, if desired, and of tin or any other material.
The cap-piece is sustained from a bracket by a tube which screws into the top
of the cap-piece and is embraced by a ring or collar attached to the end of the,
bracket. The tube may be fastened to the ceiling of a room, or to the centre-piece.
of the ceiling, the same as a chandelier, or otherwise. The rods which support the
lower carbon, as well as the suspended glass globe, extend downward from the-

page_text: supporting plate within, instead of outside, the enclosing globe, and at their bottom
are connected by the cross-piece by which the lower carbon is supported.
In case of a double carbon lamp there would be but one rod in the centre,
carrying at its lower end a cross-head on either end of which the two carbons
would be supported. In either case the rod or rods; and the cross-piece at points
below the top of the glass globe, and below the arc, are entirely free from any
attachments whatever and are suspended within the globe and entirely dis-
connected from the globe or any other supporting devices, except the fastenings at
the top and above the globe. This arrangement of the rods and connections inside
of the globe, instead of outside, is important, as by this means more artistic effects
can be produced and the shadows produced by outside rods and fastenings are
entirely prevented. These rods are fixed to the plate and project up through the
plate and are fastened by nuts or screws. The globe is solid or continuous at its
bottom but is open at the top to give free ventilation to the heat of the are within,
and its ring, collar, or holder is supported by arms provided at their ends with
links which hook upon projections secured to rods.
By detaching the links from the hooks above, the globe may be lowered by
means of arms sliding down the rods below; so as to allow access to the lamp for
renewal of the carbons. The upper ends of the supporting arms for the globe-holder
are formed into guide sleeves or tubes which slide freely up and down upon the
rods and catch upon the cross support at the lower ends of the rods so as to support
the globe when it is lowered, for renewing the carbons or for any other purpose.
The glass globe is removed from its collar or holder by turning back the screws in
the sides of the holder. By constructing the globe so that it is continuous at its
bottom and placing the rods inside, and by supporting it in the manner described,
more pleasing effects are attained, and shadows are prevented or neutralized so
as not to be noticed or seen on the ground or on the side walk, or the floor, or on
the walls at the sides of the lamp or below the light, as they are when the sup-
porting and holding parts for the globe are placed on the outside and beneath said
globe. The positive and negative conductors are carried down to the lamp-mechanism,
and pass through the tube from binding posts mounted on insulating material fixed
on the inside of a bonnet, or hood, or cap of the case which is supported by posts
rising from the tube; the arm or bracket is attached to the wall or otherwise.
According to one arrangement the conducting wires are brought to the lamp
through the hollow bracket instead of through the top of the tube. By this
arrangement the unsightly wires are entirely hid from view. A block of insulating
material is fixed in the interior of the tube at a point just below the opening of
the hollow bracket and carries the binding posts by which the electrical connections
are made. An opening is formed in the side of the tube to match with the
opening of the bracket, and the tube itself is screwed into a sleeve formed on the
end of the bracket; or is fastened in any other suitable manner. A cap screws
upon, and closes, the upper end of the tube. Instead of the brackets supporting the
lamps the tube may be fastened to the roof or top of a hood or reflector at the
top of a post or other support. These arrangements are intended mainly for
application to lamps designed for out-door use; when the lamps are used indoors,
the tube may be extended up and be fastened to the ceiling and the wires carried
off through the tube, the bracket being dispensed with. It is obviously within the
scope of my invention to control the armature lever which operates the auxiliary
stop, by. an additional electro-magnet, instead of by the electro-magnet which
controls the feed-devices. The arrangement described is, however, preferable on
account of its compactness, I may use various constructions and forms of electro-
magnets. Other modifications will readily suggest themselves to those skilled in
the art. The main electro-magnet may be secured in any of the ways known
either with wire in the main circuit only, or differentially. I do not limit myself to
controlling the auxiliary or micrometer feed stop by the agency of magnetism as
it is obvious that it may be operated by other means besides magnetic means, one
part of my invention particularly consisting in the combination with the armature

page_text: which controls or operates the feed regulating devices, of two stops or sets of stops,
one of which is applied by any means to limit the movement of the armature
during the normal operation of the lamp in feeding, but is withdrawn to allow the
armature to recede sufficiently to come into contact with the other set or stop when
the arc is extinguished or becomes abnormally lengthened.
Another part of my said invention relates to posts, hoods, reflectors, connections,
circuits, switches, lightning arresters and other devices chiefly designed for use in
'connection with the lamps and mechanism herein before described when these are
employed in out-door or open spaces such as streets, squares, parks, and the like, as
well as in door lamps.
:
I provide a post the top or cap of which may be integral with the post, or it
may be made in a separate piece and socketed on the top of the post; it is
ornamented or embellished with leaves or otherwise, to suit the fancy, as may be
desired. In one side of this cap-piece is provided and formed a door of a. width
of about one fourth the circumference of the cap and so arranged that when it is
open the arm and hand can be thrust inside of the glass globe for the purpose of
cleaning the interior of the globe, when necessary. The top of the cap is counter-
sunk so as to leave a rim or flange on the outside edge, projecting upwards; or a
separate collar or band may be made to answer the same purpose, and in this rim
or collar the glass or porcelain globe is fitted and held by screw-pins. The top of
the globe is open and free from contact with anything, the free open space
allowing a free circulation of air to keep the globe and lamp-mechanism cool. The
glass globe simply sets in the cup-shaped top of the post, and is held in position by
the said screw-pins. There is a double cone-shaped hood and reflector, made of tin,
sheet iron, or other material; the under face being painted or polished to act as a
reflector to throw the light downward; and the other part forming the roof or
water-shed, is surmounted by a hollow cylindrical finial; the latter terminating in an
ornamental knob or figure representing a lotus-flower, water-lilly, or other desirable
ornament, which may be varied to suit the taste or fancy of parties interested; a
thin brass or other metal collar, crown, or border, or band is screwed or soldered on
the edge or periphery of the hood; and another ornamented collar or band is
placed midway on the sloping roof of the hood to give further artistic effects to the
general design. The reflector and the roof part are fitted together by an over-
lapping joint at the outer edge or periphery of the hood; and when it is desirable
to get at the interior rods, nuts, or other parts the hood is separated at this joint.
The reflector being painted white or enamelled, and the border and lotus; and the
fillets of the finial and the ornamental collar being gilded, and the roof and the
rest of the finial being painted a dark olive color; the entire absence to sight of
any exterior wires gives a fine appearance, and heightens the artistic effects of the
appearance of boulevards, streets, squares and gardens where this lamp is used,
instead of being an eye-sore, as most other outdoor, and even indoor, electric light
contrivances are.
1-
The hood and reflector is secured to the top cap of the post by two or more metal
rods (brass preferred) whose lower ends screw into the solid casting or metal of the
cap-piece while their upper ends are secured by screw-nuts after passing through
a ring or collar which is firmly soldered, or otherwise fastened to the flat projection
or flange of the lower part of the bevelled reflector. The lower edge of the
reflector at this point is joined solidly by soldering, or otherwise, with the bottom or
lower end of a cylindrical tube which extends upward into the finial to the first ovals
or moulding, adding sufficient support and strength to the hood, and forming at the
same time, a passage-way and support for the upper part of the lamp-mechanism;
the finial being hollow up to the top, serves as a passge for the protection and
movement of the feeding rod which holds the upper carbon of the lamp.
I provide a thin tube inside of the hollow post. This tube extends from the top.
of the post (where it is secured by screws, or otherwise) to the lower part of a door
where it is again secured and centred in the larger or extended hollow of the post,
by a wooden sabot or collar. This tube serves as a guide and roadway, up and
·

page_text: J
These
down the inside of the post for a carrier or elevator. This carrier can slide freely up
and down in the tube. At the left hand side, at the top and bottom of the tube,
is secured by screw or centre pins, two pulleys grooved on their peripheries, and in
which grooves travel a chain or cord forming a loop over said pulleys, one side of
the chain or cord being secured firmly by a screw-bolt.and lug to a projecting tang
formed by an extension on one side of the base of the carrier. This tang fits into a
longitudinal slot cut through the side of the tube the length or distance desired for
the carrier to travel up and down; by this arrangement, by pulling down on one
of the free sides of the chain or rod, the carrier can be made to ascend to the top of
the slot in the side of the tube, and by pulling on the other free side of the chain
or cord the carrier can be brought down to the bottom of the slot, the latter point
being at the bottom of the door in the post, and the former point being the position
which brings the electrical contacts together which connect the lamp with the
electrical current at the top of the post. These contacts are formed by two brass
or copper strips or wires insulated thoroughly. These wires or conductors pass up
from the ground, or otherwise, between the sides of the hollow cast iron post, and
the tube terminating at an insulated bracket secured to the tube by screws and
forming a stud or support for a contact lug or spring; this lug or spring is directly·|
in line with a contact lug or spring attached to the side of the carrier.
springs are curved so that they will press firmly against their corresponding
contact when in position so as to secure perfect electrical connection with the lamp.
The springs may be attached either to the carrier or the tube as desired; I prefer
to attach them to the latter. There are two of these contact springs, one on either
side, so that the current may go up and down again. The space in the carrier is
utilized for holding the resistance and shunt coils of the lamp. The electrical
connections with the contact springs and the mechanism of the lamp, which is
located on an insulated plate and occupying a space above said plate, are made by
an insulated wire forming the main magnet wire and passing through a tube-rod
which is hollow and the shunt wire connecting with, and partly formed by, the
metal of the tube itself, and which connects with one of the lugs or springs located
in the carrier, or at the top of the tube. These two wires or conductors form the
main circuit or conductor, one passing through the main magnet of the lamp, and
the other through the resistance-coil. At the bottom of the door is arranged an
automatic switch or cut-out, to prevent the attendant from receiving a shock from
the current while renewing the carbons or regulating the lamp; and also to prevent
the current of the main line from being broken or disturbed while the carbons are
being renewed. The wooden sabot or collar is fastened to the bottom of the tube, and
upon either side of this collar, in the free space between the iron post and the tube,
are secured two semi-circular brass strips about an inch wide; one being longer
than the other and extending around in front of the door-opening, meeting and
lapping together with, and on the inside of, the other strip. The longer strip forms
a stiff spring whose end presses firmly against the inside of the other strip. These
two strips are connected to conducting strips, or wires so that when the contact
is complete the current is cut off from the lamp above, and it passes across
immediately from one side to the other side. In this position the lamp may be
lowered and raised with impunity, but on closing the door a projection in the
shape of a pin or bracket extending inwardly from the bottoin of the door presses
the spring asunder from the contact; the current now will follow the conductors.
up and down the inside of the post to the lamp, and on to the next lamp, and so
As long as the door is closed the circuit is completed through the lamp, and
as long as the door is open the current is cut off from the lamp. Opening the
door an eighth of an inch is sufficient to shunt the lamp out of circuit. By an
adjusting screw the cut-out may be made inoperative, by opening the door. The
main post above the side-walk may be cast in three sections, the base being in one
piece and the tang which goes into the ground, cast in a separate piece and
hollow, with a projecting portion above the side walk to enter the bottom of the
post like a dowel to support the post; the other joints being connected by socket
on.

page_text: projections on one end of one piece or section fitting in corresponding hollows in
the other. The door is provided with a snap-lock, and arranged at such height
as to be reached by an ordinary attendant while, standing on the side-walk. Thus
it will be seen that by the use of my lamp-post, more artistic or pleasing effects
may be attained, and all necessity for the attendant to carry long ladders through
crowded thoroughfares in order to renew the carbons or adjust the lamps, is
avoided.
m
this
I also provide a post with which a ladder is required to reach the lamp;
may be done by arranging projections on the sides of the post for steps, or a
separate ladder may be used. The distinctive features of this form of my invention
being the arrangement of the connecting wires so as to be out of sight, and the
connection, by means of the post, of underground wires and the adjacent houses.
The head and finial is substantially the same as that herein before described
excepting the reflector is left off, and the underside of the hood is painted white
or enamelled or polished, and this under, surface performs the part of a reflector to
throw the light downward on the street and side-walk. A tube extends upward
into the finial and is fastened in the same manner as hereinbefore described. The
insulation and bearing plate is widened out so as to lap over the edges of the tube
where it forms an angle with a plate. Another plate carries the lamp-mechanism
enclosed in a tube or case which extends up in the other tube, the former being
secured by screws. The hood is supported by two or more stout hollow rods or
arms made of iron, brass, or water piping, or other tubing; they are curved at their
lower ends and fastened in sockets projecting from the sides of the post or the cap
piece which fits snugly on the top of the post and is held by side bolts. These
tubes may be straight at their lower ends and fitted into a cross-arm secured to
the post on the cap-piece. The conducting wires pass up through the hollow post
and through these hollow tube brackets to the lamp connections inside of the tube
and case.
The connections of the upper ends of the hollow brackets or arms with
the hood are made with screws or rivets, and strengthened by smaller stays or arms
at the sides. The connections or electrical contacts between the wires and the
lamp mechanism in the tube or case may be made with screw-cups or by springs.
In the latter case, when the lamp is desired to be removed from the hood, it would
only be necessary to unscrew the bolts. The globe is lowered for renewal of the
carbons in the same manner as is described in the first part of my invention. The
links connected with the brackets which hold the globe at the top are slightly
raised by the fingers, unhooked, and the globe allowed to slide slowly down the
central supporting bar or rod until the socket or guiding hub at the centre. of the
brackets reaches the yoke or cross bar which will hold the globe suspended beneath.
By taking hold of the links by the fingers the globe can be raised to its. place and
secured by simply hooking the links over the hooks. The crown or collar to
which the brackets are fastened serves to hold the globe by screws passing through
the collar against the neck and under the projecting rim of the globe. To remove
The post may be
the globe entirely it is only necessary to turn back these screws.
made in any pattern desired.
Another feature in my invention is to provide means for bringing into connection
with the main circuit or the wires passing up and down the post, any lamps or
other electrical apparatus or machine which may be located in the buildings
opposite, or in the vicinity of said post, without having to bring said wires from
over the tops of the buildings, thus affording more perfect, snug, economical and
artistic effects, and presenting less objectionable features than in. the systems where
such wires are brought over and down from the roofs or tops of the houses; besides
entirely obviating the great strains on the roofs, and all dangers to said roofs and
houses by fire from an ignition by reason of the current passing along the conducting
wires. The conducting wires lead from the ground below, and pass up the post to
the lamp above; insulated plugs are secured in the side of the post, and screw cups
or metallic plugs pass through said insulated or insulation plugs and serve to
connect the outside wires and bring them into electrical circuit with the wires

page_text: passing up and down the post. The wires connect with lamps or other electrical
machines or devices in the buildings opposite or adjoining. The cap-piece of the
post is the same as is herein before described excepting that a plug or cover is
arranged to be opened so as to allow the connections between the wires to be
made. One set of wires may be placed in a tube and this tube fastened to the
outside of the post if desired, instead of placing them inside. When desirable, a
shunt or switch may be connected inside or outside, at the top of the post for the
purpose of cutting out of circuit at pleasure, either the lamp or the circuit formed
by the wires. The arrangement for connecting wires from the post to adjacent
buildings may be applied to lamps and posts of the pattern or system herein before
described as well as to this form of posts. The globe may be held or suspended
from the ceiling of the hood, by detachable rods or chains, or other devices, connected
with said hoods or its supports so that the carbons and rod or holder for the lower
carbons may project down within, and through, the opening at the top of said globe.
I also connect with my lamps and posts, and system of circuits, and conductors
herein described, lightning arresters to prevent injury to the lamps, and dynamo
machines, as well as to the other fixtures combined with the system. These
lightning arresters are placed on one side, or on either side of a lamp or dynamo
machine, and from said lightning arresters proper connections are made with the
ground so as to carry off to the earth the extra charge of atmospheric electricity
when the same is attracted by the conductors of my system. In the case of lamps
the arresters may be placed at the top, or within the posts, and 'the ground
connections made by the metal post, or by separate wires.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said Henry Harris Lake in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
15th March 1883.
HENRY HARRIS LAKE, of the firm of Haseltine, Lake, and. Co, Patent Agents,
Southampton Buildings, London, " IMPROVEMENTS IN ELECTRIC LAMPS AND IN
APPARATUS FOR USE IN CONNECTION THEREWITH. AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES."
A communication to me from abroad by Silvanus Frederick Van Choate of
the City and State of New York. United States of America Electrical and
Telegraphic Engineer..
This invention relates to electric lamps and apparatus for use in connection or in
combination therewith and for other purposes.
1
The said invention comprises improved arc-lamps, improved posts, hoods,
reflectors, connections, circuits, switches, and lightning arresters, chiefly designed to
be employed in combination with the said lamps, and means for suspending and
connecting the said lamps and their mechanism when they are designed for
interior or indoor use for example in stores, hotels, halls, theatres and other public
buildings, and the like, and also when they are intended for out-door use, such as in
open spaces, streets, squares, parks, or docks or in forts, or lighthouses; the said
lamps may also be adapted for use on steamships and railway locomotives, and for
other purposes.
The object of the first part of this invention is to produce an electric arc-lamp
which will give a more steady light than lamps of like character now in use and
with less expenditure of electrical energy, and which will at the same time be
susceptible of being formed with a higher artistic appearance, and is, moreover,
free from many of the serious defects of other are lamps.
I attain this object in the manner hereinafter set forth, and this part of the said
invention comprises various novel features, among which may be mentioned the
following, viz
The introduction and peculiar arrangement and combination of two distinct
automatic feed movements for regulating the distance between the carbons or
electrodes; I will, for convenience of description, call one of these movements the
"abnormal feed" and the other movement the "micrometer feed;" the former acts
automatically without magnetic influences and the latter acts under the restraint of
magnetic action.
A peculiar arrangement of magnets, coils and circuits whereby a very low
resistance is offered to the passage of the electric current through the lamp.
A peculiar arrangement of the reflectors, globes, supports and casings, by means
of which pleasing and artistic effects are attainable.
In the accompanying drawings.
Figure 1 is a vertical central section of the operating mechanism of the lamp.
Figure 2 is a plan or top view of the same, the part on the line y, y, Figure 1,
being shown in section, and the relative position, upon the insulated plate
supporting the lamp mechanism, of the posts supporting the various parts being
also shewn.
Figure 3 is a vertical central section of the operating parts of the lamp on the
line y', y', Figure 2.
Figure 4 is a horizontal section on the line y², y², Figure 3.
Figure 5, is an inverted plan of the main armature; showing also the micrometer
feed stop.
Figure 6, is a diagram of the connections and circuits in the lamp,

page_text: Figure 7, is a vertical central section of a casing for the operating parts of the
lamp, showing also the manner of supporting the plate or table which carries the
lamp proper.
Figure 8, is a side elevation of the complete lamp, showing the globe, reflector,
casing and supporting arm.
Figure 9, is a vertical central section illustrating a modified construction of the
supporting arm, the tube carried thereby, and the devices for making electrical
connection between the main line conductors and the lamp.
Figure 10, represents in detail a device for moving the carbon-carrier as
hereinafter set forth.
The remaining figures of the drawings are hereinafter described.
In Figures 1, 2, 3, 4, and 7, A represents a plate or disc for supporting the
operative mechanism of the lamp, which disc is preferably made of insulating
material and is suspended by means of rods B, B, Figures 2 and 7, from the interior
of the cap-piece or hood C, in the manner clearly shown in Figure 7. In Figures 2
and 3, D, D are standards extending upward from the plate A and connected at
their upper ends by a cross-piece a from which the regulating electro-magnet E of
the lamp is suspended. Upon the spool of this magnet the usual coil or coils are
wound, and the said coil or coils are connected in the ordinary manner' with the
circuits for supplying electricity to the lamp; the said spool is of iron or similar
magnetic material and is provided with a pole-piece b clamped to its upper head
and extending downward into line with the face of its lower head, so as to form in
effect a horse-shoe magnet, both poles of which will act upon the armature c whereby
the feed mechanism is actuated or controlled. The pole-piece or extension b may
be formed or cast in one piece with the spool, if desired. The said pole-piece is not
essential; it is used only to strengthen the magnet and may be dispensed with,
when desired. D¹, Figure 1, indicates a screw fitted in the cross-piece A for
supporting and adjusting the spool of the regulating magnet E by means of a
screw-thread on its lower end, the said spool being prevented from turning and
being also guided by a pin d projecting upward from the plate A through the
armature into a perforation in the lower head of the spool.
The central part of the spool of the magnet E is made in the form of a hollow
cylinder, as shown, to form a path or passage for the carbon-holder or carrier F and for
a metal tube or sleeve e, preferably of copper or brass, fitted on the said carrier so as
to make good contact therewith but at the same time be free to move longitudinally
thereon or to allow the carrier to be moved within it. The said tube or sleeve e is
guided at its two extremities by rings or washers f,f, (preferably of steel) which
are fixed one in a sleeve g of insulating material mounted in the cross-piece a, and
the other in an insulating sleeve g¹, supported by a flange formed upon the interior
of a short tube G, which tube is supported beneath the plate A by means of screws
fitting into a flange at the top of the said tube, in the manner shown in Figure 1.
A blade spring indicated at h, Figures 1 and 10, is fixed at one end to a stud
projecting upward from the plate A, and bearing at its free end upon the upper
side of an insulated pin k projecting from the side of the tube e, so as to tend
constantly to press the latter downward with a force sufficient to remove the
knuckle joint levers R, R, hereinafter described, from contact with the carrier, as
well as to move the armature and carrier F, downward promptly. This device is
shown in detail in Figure 10. The armature c of the regulating electro-magnet
is fixed to the tube e so as to move downward with it, or to carry it upward
against the action of the spring h, when attracted by the regulating magnet. In or 5
upon this armature is pivoted a spring-actuated friction-clutch or dog H (shown
in Figure 1 in the form of a bell-crank-lever, although other forms might be
employed, if desired). One arm of the said dog or clutch is rounded at its end,
where it forms a friction toe or clamp bearing against the side of the carbon-
carrier, while its other arm is acted upon by a spiral spring which is held in a tube 5
mounted upon the armature and tends to hold the friction toe in engagement with
the carrier with a force regulated by an adjustable cap m secured upon the upper

page_text: end of the tube containing the spring. The friction must be adjusted to such a
degree that the carrier will be held within the tube e, and, when the tube and the
connected armaturé move downward, the carrier will also be moved downward by
a positive action; but so that the toe can slide over the surface of the carrier when
the latter is prevented from moving upward, and the said toe and its actuating
armature are lifted by the attraction of the regulating electro-magnet. K is a stop
for the armature, which stop may be adjusted as hereinafter set forth to determine
the length of arc that shall be formed when the lamp begins to act; K' is a similar
stop which is so adjusted that its upper end is slightly above the upper end of the
first stop K, and which is arranged immediately beneath the horizontal arm of the
friction clutch H so that, if the armature and the connected clutch drop to a
sufficient distance to bring the horizontal arm of the clutch into engagement with
the stop, the friction toe will be moved out of contact with the carbon-carrier,
which will then drop freely. The stop K' which I term the "abnormal feed stop
or releasing device in the normal operation of the lamp, does not come into
action, the operation of feeding the carbon-carrier to compensate for the consumption
of the carbons being effected by the movements of the armature between the spool
of the magnet E and another stop hereinafter described, which stop I term the
auxiliary or micrometer stop," and which is applied so as to prevent the armature
from dropping to a point where the friction clutch will be released. The latter
stop is under the control either of the regulating electro-magnet E or of an
auxiliary electro-magnet excited or energized by the lighting circuit, and, when
set in position, the said stop permits only a very small range of movement of the
armature, which, by means of devices hereinafter described, results in the production
of what I term the "micrometer feed."
[{
"
The auxiliary or micrometer stop is shown at L, Figures 3, 4 and 5, and is
attached to, or formed upon, the end of an armature-lever O which is pivoted
between lugs formed upon the cross-piece a and which bridges, and is attracted by,
both spool-heads, forming an armature or keeper across the same. To the said
armature is applied a retracting spring o, Figure 3 (or any equivalent retracting
device) which, when the attraction ceases or becomes sufficiently weakened,
withdraws the stop out of the path of the armature c and allows the latter to
drop sufficiently to remove the toe of the friction-clutch H from the carbon-carrier.
The tension of the retractor o is, however, so slight that, during the ordinary;
operation of the lamp, it cannot overcome the attraction of the magnet. If,
however, the attraction be diminished by extinction of the arc, or by the formation
of an abnormally long arc, the retractor will act, withdrawing the stop L, and
permitting the armature c to completely release the carbon-carrier by removing
therefrom the toe of the friction-clutch H. R, R, represent two knuckle-joint
or bell-crank levers pivoted in lugs formed upon the tube G and caused to bear
upon the carbon-carrier F by light springs s, or equivalent devices. The function
of these levers or dogs is to prevent the carrier from being lifted during a portion
of the upward movement of the tube and the clutch H, their operation in this
respect being due to the fact that the said dogs or levers impinge against the
carrier, on a line below the centre of their pivotal line of support, so that when
the carrier begins to move upward, as soon as the lower end of the tube e separates
from the dogs, the latter are caused to bind against the carrier and prevent its
movement by the lifting action of the friction clutch H, the latter then sliding
on the surface of the rod. The dogs or levers being a little longer than would be
necessary to allow their ends which press against the carrier to come into line
with their pivot centres, they press against the sides of the carrier when the
latter is raised and tend to jam the same. The carrier may, however, move
downward freely between them, as, when moving in this direction, it tends to
separate the dogs or levers, the pressure on their ends being below their pivot
centres.
The carrier F may be moved upward at any time by hand notwithstanding the
pressure of the end of clutch H, by exerting sufficient force to overcome the set

page_text: pressure of the two dogs and the clutch H; since the former are prevented from
knuckling or locking beyond a certain degree by the shoulders which extend
downward close to the upper edges of the dogs, forming stops which arrest their
further movement. The tube or sleeve e extends downward to a point where,
when the armature supporting it is fully released by the magnet, the said tube
'will come in contact with the dogs or levers and hold them out of engagement
with the carbon-carrier.
It is obvious that one dog only might be made to effect the purpose of the two
dogs above described. The employment of two is, however, preferable in order to
obtain an equal pressure on each side of the carrier.
When no current is passing and the magnet or magnets are not excited or
energized, the auxiliary or micrometer feed stop L is withdrawn out of the path
of the armature by its retractor o, and the armature c rests against the abnormal
feed stops K, K¹; the stop K¹ then acts upon the friction lifting and impelling
clutch H, so that the carbon-carrier is free to drop and bring the upper carbon into
contact with the lower carbon. In this position of the parts, the tube e holds the
dogs or levers R out of engagement with the carrier, the distance to which they
are removed being determined by the adjustment of the stops K, K'. When the
current passes through the magnets of the lamp, the armature c is lifted, the first
effect of this movement being to allow the clutch H, to engage with the carrier
and cause it to move upward with the said armature, the dogs or levers R. being
kept out of engagement with the carrier by the tube e until an arc of the
proper or desired length has been formed. The tube e then leaves the dogs,
which engage with the carrier and prevent further upward movement thereof, so
that, during the remaining upward movement of the armature, the clutch H slips
or slides upon the carrier.
The time at which the dogs or levers shall be allowed to engage with the carrier,
and the consequent length of the arc are determined by the adjustment of the
stops K, K¹, as above stated.
The armature c is drawn upward against the poles of the magnet, but is prevented
from adhering thereto by a facing of copper, mica, or other non-magnetic material
applied to the poles or to the armature. Simultaneously with the attraction of the
armature c, the auxiliary or micrometer feed stop L is operated by the armature-
lever O, and set beneath the armature c, so that the downward movement of the
latter is limited thereby, and the clutch H cannot be disengaged from the carrier
by the stop K¹. The armature now operates between the poles of the magnet and
the auxiliary stop, and produces the micrometer feed in the following manner, the
extent of its movements and the fineness of the feed being regulated by the
adjustment of the magnet by means of supporting screw D, that is to say-When,
owing to the consumption of the carbons or the separation of the same, the strength
of the magnet decreases, the tube or sleeve e and connected armature c are carried
downward by gravity and by the action of the blade spring h, and the carrier is fed
downward by the action of the friction clutch H, its downward movement not being
opposed by the dogs or levers R. When, owing to the resultant increased attraction
of the magnet, the armature is immediately raised again, the carrier is prevented
from rising the whole distance with it, by the action of the dogs or levers R, and
the clutch H tlien slides along on the surface of the carrier and takes a new
position ready for the next downward feed In the micrometer feed movement, the
tube or sleeve e does not drop far enough to come into contact with, or operate, the
dogs or levers R. If, from any cause the attraction of the magnet diminishes to such
an extent that the auxiliary stop L is withdrawn, the armature then recedes so as to
come into contact with the stops K, K', whereupon the carrier is released and drops
until the carbons come in contact as above described. If the lamp be in condition
to resume its operation, the armature is immediately attracted, the arc is formed
and the micrometer feeding action again comes into play; or the carbons remain in
contact, if the release has been produced by switching the current from the lamp,
until the magnet is excited or energized by turning on the current again.

page_text: In addition to the feed regulating armature c and the auxiliary stop armature O,
I apply to the electro-magnet E, in a similar manner to the armature O, another
armature M whicli serves to complete a cut-out or safety circuit around the lamp
when the arc is extinguished or becomes abnormally lengthened. This armature,
like the armature O, forms a keeper across the two heads of the magnet E and is
pivoted to the cross-piece or plate a, as shown. One terminal of the safety circuit
wire is indicated at m as attached to the armature by a blade spring n projecting
from, and soldered into, the end of the armature and serving as a retractor for the
armature, and as a means for conveying the current thereto without passing through
the pivots by which it is supported. This connection, however, may be made directly
with the armature or its support. The other terminal of the safety circuit is connected
to an adjustable spring contact stop p mounted upon the plate A and adjustable by
a set-screw passing through the post D. A contact upon the end of the armature or
armature-lever M serves, to complete the circuit. The tension of the spring n is
adjusted by a set-screw passing through an extension from the top of the post D.
Other means for retracting the armature might be employed, if desired.
It will be obvious that the armature O might be utilized for closing the cut-out
circuit and the armature M dispensed with, I prefer, however, to employ the two
armatures in order that the retractor of the armature O may be adjusted in such a
manner that it will act with a less degree of diminution in the strength of the
magnet than will the armature M.
In order that there shall be as low a resistance as possible to the passage of the
electric current through the lamp-magnets, and to enable me to make the magnets
of small dimensions and to prevent the coil wire or its insulation from being burned
by the current, I form around the magnet E a branch circuit including a bobbin of
wire wound upon a spool W, Figure 7, preferably of insulating material, the resistance
of which bobbin is arranged as desired to divert the necessary portion of the current
into the electro-magnet E for exciting or energizing the same. As the current
flows in parallel circuit, or in multiple arc, the resistance is lessened as compared
with what it would be if all of the current were compelled to pass through the
regulating electro-magnet in tension. The liability of the latter to injury by
heating, as above stated, is also avoided. The spool W is fixed in the top of
the cap-piece, or it may be arranged otherwise and located at some other
place. It is made hollow to form a passage for the carbon-carrier F and
a support for an auxiliary tube A', which serves to protect the carrier F
from being jammed or interfered with by the conducting wire; which
pass down to the lamps through the space between the said tube and the outer
tube 4 which supports the whole lamp. Electrical connection with the carbon-
carrier is made through contact with its encircling tube or sleeve e which carries a
metal collar at its upper end to which the positive or negative main conductor
(according to arrangement) is screwed or clamped by any suitable means.
insulated contact piece 17 is supported in the collar at the top of the tube e, with
which contact piece a collar or projection 18 upon the carrier comes into connection
for the purpose of closing an electric circuit in which is included mechanism for
changing the circuit to another lamp, or to another pair of carbons in the same
lamp, when one pair has been consumed.
An
The main line or conductor is divided at P, Figure 6, part of the circuit going
through the arc, carbons or burners and through the main coil or magnet E and on
to the point N, while the other part passes through Q (passing point m when the
contact P is open) and through a resistance coil n and on to the point N where it
joins the other part and where they both form the main conductor again. The
resistance of the part, or branch or loop line, n is arranged with respect to the
resistance of the other part so as to force the required amount of current through
the arc, carbons or burners, when the lamp is working in a proper manner; but,
when any disturbance of the current, or continuity of the current through the part
or circuit passing through the carbons or burners takes place, the current has a
continuously closed path undisturbed through the part or loop line n; by these

page_text: means any number of lamps or machines can be worked or operated on one main
circuit without the electrical disturbances in the arc or burners of one lamp
interfering with or disturbing the main circuit, or any other lamp or machine in the
said circuit.
The remaining electrical connections on the various parts are made in the
ordinary manner and the paths of the currents, when the parts are connected up,
are clearly indicated by the diagram Figure 6, where the parts already referred to
are designated by the same letters, P representing the positive and N the
negative main conductors. A resistance Q is inserted when desired in the
cut-out or safety circuit, as indicated, so that the resistance of the said circuit when
closed shall be approximately equal to that of the circuit through the arc.
•
Referring to Figures 7, 8 and 9, the protecting casing for the lamp is indicated
by the figure 1, the said casing being round or cylindrical and secured by screws
(or it may be secured by other suitable means) to the cap-piece C. To the lower
end of the cylindrical casing 1 is secured the reflector 2, which may be made in
one piece with the tube or casing, if desired, and may be of tin or other suitable
material,
· The cap-piece is suspended from a bracket 5 by a tube 4 which screws into the
top of the cap-piece C and is embraced by a ring or collar attached to the end of
the bracket. The tube may be fastened to the ceiling of a room in a similar
manner to a chandelier, or otherwise. The rods which support the lower carbon
and the suspended glass globe are indicated at 3, 3, and extend downward
from the plate A within, instead of outside of, the enclosing globe 6, and their
lower ends are connected by the cross-piece which supports the lower carbon.
In the case of a double carbon lamp, I employ only one rod in the centre carrying
at its lower end a cross-head on the ends of which the two carbons are supported,
In either case, the rod or rods and the cross-piece, at points below the top of the
glass globe and below the arc, are entirely free from any attachments whatever
and are suspended within the globe and entirely disconnected therefrom or
from any other supporting devices except the fastenings at the top and above the
globe. This arrangement of the rods and connections inside of the globe instead
of outside, is important, as by this means more artistic effects can be produced and
the shadows produced by outside rods and fastenings are entirely prevented.
These rods are fixed to the plate A, and are shown in Figures 2 and 7 projecting
up through the plate and fastened by screw-nuts. The globe 6 is closed or
continuous at its lower part but is open at the top to give free ventilation to the
heat of the arc within and its ring collar or holder 7 is supported by arms 10,
provided at their upper ends with links 8, which engage with hooks or projections
11, secured to the rods 3.
By detaching the links 8 from the said hooks, the globe may be lowered to the
position indicated in dotted lines, so as to permit access to the inside of the lamp for
renewal of the carbons. The upper ends of the supporting arms for the globe-
holder are formed with guide-sleeves or tubes 9, 9, which slide freely upon the
rods 3, 3, and catch upon the cross-pièce or support at the lower ends of the rods so
as to support the globe when it is lowered for renewing the carbons or for any other
purpose. The glass globe is removed from its collar or holder 7 by turning back the
screws in the sides of the holder.
By constructing the globe so that it is closed or continuous at its bottom as
shown and placing the rods 3, 3 inside, and by supporting it in the manner
described, more pleasing effects are attained and shadows are prevented or
neutralized so as not to be noticed or seen on the ground or on the floor, or on the
walls at the sides of the lamp or below the light, as they are when the supporting
and holding parts for the globe are placed on the outside and beneath the said
globe.
The positive and negative conductors are carried down to the lamp mechanism
and pass through the tube 4 from binding posts mounted on insulating material 12,
fixed on the inside of a bonnet hood or cap 13 of the case, which is supported by

page_text: posts 14 rising from the tube 4, Figure 8. The arm or bracket 5 is attached to
the wall, or otherwise. Figure 9 shows a modified construction in which the
conducting wires are brought to the lamp through the hollow bracket 5 instead of
through the top of the tube 4. By this arrangement the unsightly wires are
entirely hid from view. A block of insulating material 15 is fixed in the interior
of the tube 4 at a point just below the opening of the hollow bracket, and carries
the binding posts by which the electrical connections are made. An opening is
formed in the side of the tube 4 to correspond with the opening in the bracket
and the tube itself is screwed into a sleeve formed on the end of the bracket or is
fastened in any other suitable manner. A cap 16 screws upon, and closes, the
upper end of the tube 4. Instead of the bracket 5 supporting the lamp, the tube 4
may be fastened to the roof or top of a hood or reflector at the upper end of a
post or other support.. The arrangements shown in Figures 8 and 9 are
intended mainly for application to lamps, designed for outdoor use. When the
lamps are for use indoors, the tube 4 may be extended upward and be fastened to
the ceiling and the wires carried off through the tube, the bracket 5 being
dispensed with.
It is obviously within the scope of this invention to control the armature-lever
O which operates the auxiliary stop, by an additional electro-magnet instead of
by the electro-magnet which controls the feed devices. The arrangement shown is,
however, preferable on account of its compactness, I may use various constructions
and forms of electro-magnets in place of the magnet E. Other modifications will
readily suggest themselves to those skilled in the art.
The electro-magnet E may be secured in any well known manner and be wound
either with wire in the main circuit only, or differentially, I do not limit myself to
controlling the auxiliary or micrometer feed stop by the agency of magnetism, as it
is obvious that it may be operated by other means, one part of the said invention
particularly consisting in the combination, with the armature which controls or
operates the feed regulating devices, of two stops or sets of stops one of which is
applied by any means to limit the movement of the armature during the normal
operation of the lamp in feeding, but is withdrawn to allow the armature to recede
sufficiently to come into contact with the other set or stop when the arc is
extinguished or becomes abnormally lengthened.
Another part of the present invention relates to posts, hoods, reflectors, connec-
tions, circuits, switches, lightning arresters and other devices chiefly designed for
use in connection, or in combination, with the lamps and mechanism hereinbefore
described, when these are employed in out door or open spaces, such as streets,
squares, parks, and the like, as well as for indoor lamps, and the like.
This part of the said invention is illustrated in Figures 11 to 19 of the drawings,
and, for the sake of simplicity and convenience in describing the. sane, I shall use
different reference letters for indicating the various parts.
'
Figure 11 is a side elevation of the upper part of an improved street lamp-post
with a glass globe and a reflector above.
Figure 12 is a vertical sectional elevation of the same, showing the top section of
the post; and
Figure 13 is a side elevation of the two lower sections of the post, shewing the
door in the side of the second section.
Figures 14 and 15 represent details of construction.
Figure 16 is a sectional elevation of another form or modification of the improved
post and hood, and
Figures 17, 18 and 19 represent details of the construction of the same.
In Figures 11 and 12, A is the top or cap which may be integral with the post
or may be made in a separate piece and socketed on the top of the post; it may be.
ornamented or embellished with leaves or otherwise, as desired. In one side of
this cap-piece is provided a door g of a width of about one fourth the circumference
of the cap, and so arranged that, when it is open, the arm and hand can be thrust
inside of the glass globe for the purpose of cleaning the interior of the globe when

page_text: necessary.
The top of the cap is countersunk so as to leave a rim or flange on
the outside edge projecting upward (or a separate collar or band may be made to
answer the same purpose), and in this rim or collar the glass or porcelain globe B is
fitted and held by screw-pins K. The top of the globe is open and free from
contact with other parts, the open space at f allowing a free circulation of air to
keep the globe and lamp mechanism cool. The glass globe rests in the cup-shaped
top of the post, and is held in position by the said screw-pins K. C and E represent
a double cone-shaped hood and reflector made of tin, sheet iron, or other suitable
material; the lower face of C is painted or polished to act as a reflector to throw the
light downward; and the part E, forming the roof or water-shed, is surmounted by
the hollow cylindrical finial F, the latter terminating in an ornamental knob or figure
representing a lotus flower, a water-lily, or other desirable ornament; I have found
the form of ornament represented in Figure 11, to be, in practice, quite effective
and satisfactory. D is a thin brass or other metal collar, crown, border or band
screwed or soldered on the edge or periphery of the hood; and another ornamented
collar or band h is placed on the sloping roof of the hood to give further artistic
effects to the general design. The reflector C and the roof part E are fitted together
by an overlapping joint at the outer edge or periphery of the hood; and, when it is
desired to have access to the interior rods, nuts, or other parts, the hood is separated
at this joint. The reflector C being painted white, or enamelled, and the border D
and lotus G, and the fillets of the finial and the ornamental collar h, being gilded,
and the roof and the rest of the finial being painted a dark olive colour, the entire
absence to sight of any exterior wires, gives a fine appearance to the lamp and
heightens the artistic effects of the appearance of boulevards, streets, squares and
gardens where this lamp is used, instead of the lamp being unsightly, as are most
of the outdoor, and even indoor, electric light contrivances heretofore employed.
The hood and reflector C, E, are secured to the top cap of the post by two or
more metal rods (brass by preference) H, H, whose lower ends screw into the solid
casting or metal of the cap-piece A at J, while their upper ends are secured by
screw-nuts after passing through a ring or collar I which is firmly soldered, or
otherwise fastened, to the flat projection or flange at the lower part of the
reflector. The lower edge of the reflector at this point is joined solidly by
soldering or otherwise to the bottom or lower end of a cylindrical tube i which
extends upward into the finial to the first moulding, adding support and strength
to the hood, and forming a passage and support for the upper part of the lamp
mechanism; the finial, being hollow up to the top, serves as a passage for the
protection and movement of the feeding rod which holds the upper carbon or
electrode e of the lamp.
In Figure 12, M represents a thin tube within the hollow post N. This tube
extends from the top of the post (where it is secured by screws, or otherwise) to
the lower part of the door O, Figure 13, where it is also secured and centred in the
larger part of the hollow post, by a wooden sabot or collar indicated by k, Figure 14.
This tube serves as a guide and passage within the post for the carrier or elevator L,
Figures 12 and 15. In Figure 15, the tube M is shewn disconnected from the post,
and in section on a line at right angles to the section shewn in Figure 12;
Figure 15 shows the two carbons e, e, and feed rods j,j, in side view with the
central supporting rod in the middle. The carrier L is shown in section in
Figure 15, and in elevation in Figure 12. This carrier can slide freely up and
down in the tube M.. At the left hand side, at the top and bottom of the tube M,
are secured, by screws or pins m, m, two pulleys grooved at their peripheries, a chain
or cord n travels in the grooves and forms a loop over each of the said pulleys, one
side of the chain or cord being secured firmly, by a screw-bolt and lug, to a pro-
jecting tang o formed by an extension on one side of the base of the carrier L.
This tang o fits into a longitudinal slot cut through the side of the tube M and of
such length as it is desired the carrier L should travel up and down. By this
arrangement it will be understood that, by pulling down on one of the free sides of
the chain or cord n, the carrier can be made to ascend to the top of the slot in the
.

page_text: side of the tube M, and, by pulling on the other free side of the chain or cord, the
carrier can be brought down to the lower end of the slot, the latter point being at
the bottom of the door O in the post, and the former point being the position
which brings together the electrical contacts for connecting the lamp with the
terminals of the electric circuit at the top of the post. These contacts are formed.
by two brass or copper strips or wires p, p, properly insulated. These wires or
conductors pass up from the ground, or otherwise, between the sides of the hollow
cast iron post and the tube M, terminating at an insulated bracket a secured to the'
tube by screws and forming a support for the contact piece or spring which is
seen in Figure 15 through an opening s cut out of the tube M. This contact piece
or spring is directly in line with a contact piece or spring t attached to the side
of the carrier L. These springs are curved so that they will press firmly against
their corresponding contacts when in position, so as to ensure perfect electrical
connection with the lamp. The springs may be attached either to the carrier or to
the tube, as desired; I prefer to attach them to the latter. There are two of these
contact springs, one on either side, so that the current may go up, and down again.
The space in the carrier L is utilized for holding the resistance and shunt coils of
the lamp indicated by the letter n¹. The electrical connections with the contact
springs and the mechanism of the lamp, which is supported upon the insulated
plate and occupies the space v above the said plate, are made by an insulated
wire E Figure 6 and y Figure 15, forming the main magnet wire and passing
through the tubular rod l, and the shunt wirez, Figure 15, connecting with, and
partly formed by, the metal of the tube itself, and which is connected with one'
of the lugs or springs located in the carrier, or at the top of the tube. These
two wires or conductors form the main circuit or conductor, one marked E,
passing through the main magnet of the lamp, and the other, marked m in
Figure 6 and in Figure 15, passing through the resistance coil as illustrated in
the diagram Figure 6. At the bottom of the door O, Figure 13, is arranged an
automatic switch or cut-out, to prevent the attendant from receiving a shock from
the current while renewing the carbons or adjusting the lamp; and also to prevent
the current in the main line from being broken or disturbed while the carbons are
being renewed. This arrangement is shewn in Figure 14, in section on the line w, w,
Figure 13. The door O is represented as being open; the wooden sabot or collar k
is fastened to the bottom of the tube M and upon either side of this collar, in the
free space between the iron post and the tube M, are secured two semi-circular-brass
strips about an inch wide, the strip 5 being longer than the other strip and,
extending around in front of the door opening, meeting and lapping over on the.
inside of the other strip. The longer strip 5 forms a stiff spring whose end presses-
firmly against the inside of the other strip at 4. These two strips are connected to
the conducting strips or wires p, p, at 3, 3, so that, when the contact is complete at 4,.
the current is cut off from the lamp above and passes across immediately from one-
side 3 to the other side 3. In this position of the strips, the lamp may be lowered
and raised with impunity. But, on closing the door O, a pin or projection 6
extending inwardly from the bottom of the door presses the strip or spring 5 out of
contact with the other strip; the current will then follow the conductors up and.
down the inside of the post, passing through the lamp, and then on to the next-
lamp, and so on. As long as the door is closed, the circuit is completed through the
lamp, and as long as the door is open the current is cut off from the lamp.
Opening the door an eighth of an inch is sufficient to shunt the lamp out of
circuit. By means of an adjusting screw 7 the cut-out may be so arranged that
it will not operate by the opening of the door. The bottom of the slot which
guides the carrier L is indicated at 2. In Figure 12, the carrier is represented in '
position for operating, and in Figure 15 it is represented in the position it occupies'
when lowered to the bottom of the door for renewal of the carbons or for other
purposes. The main post above the ground may be cast in three sections; one.
joint being at Q another at P and the third at R, the base S being in one piece; -
and the tang T, which is inserted in the ground, is cast in a separate piece and

page_text: hollow, with a projecting portion above the ground to enter the bottom of the post
like a dowel and support the same; the other joints being connected by a projection
on one end of one piece or section fitting into a corresponding socket in the other
section. The door is provided with a snap-lock, and is arranged at such a height as
to be easily reached by an attendant while standing on the ground. Thus it will
be seen that by the use of the improved lamp-post, more artistic or pleasing effects
may be attained, and all necessity for the attendant to carry long ladders through
crowded thoroughfares, in order to renew the carbons or adjust the lamps, is
avoided.
Figure 16 represents another form or modification of the improved street lamp-
post. In this form of post, with which a ladder is required to reach the lamp,
the said ladder may be formed by arranging projections on the sides of the post
for steps, or a separate ladder may be used; the distinctive features of this form
of lamp-post being the arrangement of the connecting wires so as to be out of
sight, and the connection, by means of the post, of underground wires with the
adjacent houses.
Figure 16 shows the top part of the post in section up to the base of the finial,
which is shewn in elevation. The hood and finial are substantially the same as
that shown in Figures 11 and 12, except that the reflector C is dispensed with and
the under side of the hood is painted white, or enamelled or polished, and this under
surface serves as a reflector to throw the light downwards on the street. A tube i
extends upward into the finial and is fastened in the same manner as hereinbefore
described. The insulating supporting plate x is extended so as to lap over the
edges of the tube i where it forms an angle with the plate 7. The plate x carries
the lamp mechanism enclosed in a tube or case v which extends up within the
tube i, the former being secured by screws 8 and 9. The hood is supported by two
or more hollow rods or arms 10 and 11, made of iron or brass, or of ordinary water
or other pipes; they are curved at their lower ends and fastened in sockets pro-
jecting from the sides of the post, or the cap-piece 12, which fits snugly on the top
of the post and is held by side bolts. A section of this cap-piece, drawn to an
enlarged scale, is shown in Figure 18. These tubes 10 and 11 may be straight at
their lower ends and fitted into a cross-arm secured to the post or to the cap-piece.
The conducting wires a¹, a¹, pass up through the hollow post, and through the
hollow brackets or arms 10 and 11 to the lamp connections within the tube i and
case v. The hollow brackets or arms are connected at their upper ends with the
bood by screws or rivets and are strengthened by stays or arms b¹, b₁, at the sides.
The connections or electrical contacts between the wires a¹, a¹ and the lamp
mechanism in the tube i or case v, may be made with screw-cups or by springs
similar to those shown in Figure 15. In the latter case, when the lamp is desired
to be removed from the hood, it is only necessary to unscrew the bolts 8 and 9.
The globe 13 is lowered for renewal of the carbons in the same manner as that
shown in Figure 8. The links connected with the brackets which hold the globe
at the top are slightly raised by the fingers, unhooked and the globe allowed to
slide slowly down the central supporting bar or rod l, until the socket or guiding
bub 14, at the centre of the brackets, reaches the yoke or cross-bar 15 which will
hold the globe suspended beneath. By taking hold of the links by the fingers,
the globe can be raised to its place and secured by simply passing the links over
the hooks. A section of the brackets, looking down from the top of the hood and
taken on a line A, A, is shown in Figure 17. The crown or collar 16, to which the
brackets are fastened, serves to hold the globe by screws passing through the collar
against the neck and under the projecting rim of the globe. To remove the globe
entirely, it is only necessary to turn back these screws. In Figures 18 and 19, only
a short portion of the top of the post is represented, as it is not necessary to show
the whole of the post. The post may be made to any desired pattern. Figure 19
illustrates another feature of this part of the said invention, that is to say, means
for bringing into connection with the main circuit or the wires passing up and
down the post, any lamp or other electrical apparatus or machine which may be

page_text: located in a building opposite to, or in the vicinity of, the said post, without having
to bring the said wires over the tops of the buildings, thus affording more perfect,
economical, and artistic effects, and presenting less objectionable features than the
systems where such wires are brought over, and down from, the roofs or tops of the
houses; besides entirely obviating the great strains on the roofs, and all dangers to
the said roofs and houses by fire from an ignition by reason of the current passing
along the conducting wires. In Figure 19, which is a section of a part of the top
of a post, a¹, a¹ are the conducting wires leading from the ground below, and passing
up the post to the lamp above; while 6", 6", are insulated or insulating plugs
secured in the side of the post, and c¹¹, c¹¹, are screw-cups or metal plugs which pass
through the said insulated or insulating plugs and serve to connect the outside
wires d", d, and bring them into electrical circuit with the wires a¹, a', passing
up and down the post. The wires d", d", connect with lamps or other electrical
machines or devices in the buildings opposite or adjoining. The cap-piece of the
post is the same as that shown in Figure 18 except that the plug or cover fll is
arranged to be opened so as to allow the connections between the wires a¹ a¹ and
d", d, to be made. The wires a¹ a¹ may be placed in a tube and this tube
fastened to the outside of the post, if desired, instead of placing them inside. When
desirable a shunt or switch may be connected inside or outside, at the top of the
post shewn in Figures 16 and 19, for the purpose of cutting out of circuit at
pleasure, either the lamp or the circuit formed by the wires d" d". The arrange-
inent for connecting the wires from the post to adjacent buildings may be applied
to lamps and posts of the pattern or system represented in Figures 11, 12 and 13,
as well as to the form of posts shown in Figure 16. And the globe, in the
arrangement shown in Figure 16, may be held or suspended from the ceiling of the
hood, by detachable rods or chains, or other devices, connected with the said hood
or its supports, so that the carbons and the rod or holder for the lower carbon or
carbons may project down within, and through the opening at the top of, the said
globe. I also connect, with the improved lamps and posts, and system of circuits and
conductors herein described, lightning arresters to prevent injury to the lamps, and
to the dynamo-electric machines for supplying them, as well as to the other fixtures
combined with the system. These lightning arresters are placed on one side, or on
both sides of a lamp or dynamo-electric machine, and from the said lightning
arresters proper connections are made with the ground, so as to carry off to the
earth the extra charge of atmospheric electricity, when the same is attracted by
the conductors of the system. In the case of lamp, the lightning arresters may be
placed at the top of, or within, the posts, and the ground connections be made by
the metal post, or by separate wires.
Having thus fully described the said Invention as communicated to me by my
foreign Correspondent and the manner of performing the same I wish it understood
that I claim-
First A stop or catch for limiting the retraction of the feed regulating armature
during the normal operation of the lamp, the said stop or catch being brought into
position after the said armature has been attracted by its magnet.
Second A feed regulating armature for an electric lamp provided with an
auxiliary or micrometer feed stop which will become set into position beneath or
against the armature after the latter has been attracted by its magnet.
Third-The combination, with the feed regulating armature of an electric lamp,
of an auxiliary stop mounted upon, or supported by, an auxiliary armature lever,
as, and for the purpose, set forth.
Fourth-The combination, with the feed regulating armature of an electric lamp,
of a lifting and feeding clutch, a releasing stop and an auxiliary stop and armature
arranged in the manner described, for limiting the movement of the lifting clutch
with its releasing stop.
Fifth-The combination, with the feed regulating armature of an electric lamp,
of a stop for the said armature limiting its reverse movement after the said
armature has been attracted by the magnet, an armature lever for operating the

page_text: said stop and setting it beneath or in the path of the feed regulating armature, and
a retracting device adjusted below the strength of the normal current for
withdrawing the stop when the arc is extinguished or abnormally lengthened.
Sixth The combination of an armature, a pivoted clutch engaging with the
carbon-carrier, a releasing stop for the said clutch, and an auxiliary stop controlled
by the action of an electro-magnet and arranged in the manner described, to limit
the movement of the armature so that during the normal operation of the lamp the
said clutch will not come in contact with its releasing stop.
Seventh-The combination of the main or lifting armature, the carbon carrier,
and the engaging clutch pivoted upon, and moving with, the said armature.
Eighth The combination of the main or lifting armature, the carrier-tube to
which the said armature is fixed, the pivoted and frictional tilting or releasing
clutch pivoted in or upon the said armature and the fixed stop for releasing the
said clutch.
Ninth The combination of the armature c fixed to, and moving with, the
carrier-tube, the elbow lever or friction clutch H, pivoted to the armature, and a
spring mounted in or upon the armature and bearing against one arm of the said
lever or clutch, and tending to force the rounded end of the other arm thereof
against the carbon-carrier substantially as, and for the purpose, set forth.
Tenth-The combination, with the main or lifting armature and the friction
clutch carried thereby, of two adjustable stops K, K₁ one of which is arranged to
act upon the said clutch and release the carbon-carrier before the movement of the
armature is arrested by the other stop, substantially as, and for the purpose, set
forth.
Eleventh The combination, with the main or lifting armature, and the friction
clutch, of two adjustable stops, one arranged to arrest the movement of the
armature, and the other to release the carbon-carrier.
Twelfth The combination, with the carbon-carrier, of one or more pivoted
dogs or knuckle joint levers so arranged as to prevent the upward or reverse
movement of. the said carrier, and a carrier-tube connected to the armature for
holding the said levers out of contact with the carrier during the formation of
the arc.
Thirteenth The combination, with the carrier F, of a knuckle joint lever R,
applied in the manner described to arrest the reverse movement of the said carrier.
Fourteenth The combination of a carrier F, a friction impelling and lifting
clutch pivoted on the armature, and a knuckle joint lever or levers applied to the
carrier in the manner described to arrest the upward movements thereof.
:-
Fifteenth The combination of a carrier F, a friction impelling and lifting clutch
pivoted on the armature, a knuckle joint lever or levers applied to the carrier in
the manner described, and a device fastened to, and moving with, the armature
and clutch to hold the knuckle joint lever or levers out of engagement with the
carrier and permit the formation of the arc
Sixteenth-The combination of the carrier F, a friction impelling and lifting
clutch, a knuckle joint lever or levers for arresting the upward movement of the
carrier, and the carrier-tube e, acting upon the knuckle-joint levers to hold them
out of engagement with the carrier during the formation of the arc.
Seventeenth-The combination, with the carbon-carrier, of the insulated guide-
pieces or washers f for the purpose of electrically insulating the said carrier and
preventing the communication of heat to the other parts of the lamp.
Eighteenth-The combination, with the carbon carrier F, of the insulating base
or plate A and the plugs g for thermally insulating the said carrier from the other
parts of the lamp.
Nineteenth-The combination, with the carrier F, of the knuckle joint levers
bearing upon the said carrier, insulated from the other parts of the lamp by the
plate A, or equivalent device so as to prevent the heat from passing from the said
carrier to the other parts of the lamp.

page_text: Twentieth-The combination, with the armature and magnet, of the guide-
pin d, as, and for the purpose, described.
Twentyfirst:The combination, with the carrier tube e, of the spring / tending
to press the tube downward with a force sufficient to remove the knuckle levers:
from contact with the carrier when the magnet is not acting.
Twenty-second-The combination, with the carbon carrier of an electric lamp, of
an adjustable magnet E for the purpose of regulating the extent of the feed
movement of the said carrier.
Twentythird:-The combination, with the armature c operating the feed devices
of an electric lamp, of a magnet E, adjustable for the purpose of regulating the feed:
of the carbons or electrodes.
Twentyfourth-The combination, with the magnet E, of the armature c vibrating
between a stop and the pole of the said magnet and means for adjusting the magnet.
as, and for the purpose, described.
Twentyfifth-The combination, with the armature c of a magnet whose adjacent
pole or poles form a stop for the armature, and means for adjusting the said magnet
to regulate the feed of the carbons or electrodes.
Twenty-sixth-In an electric lamp, a magnet having a hollow spool of iron pro-
vided with an extension b magnetically connected to one head of the spool and
extending downward into line with the face of the other head.
Twentyseventh-In an electric lamp, a magnet one of whose limbs.or poles is
wound with a magnetizing helix while the other limb is free and is brought into.
line with the end of the first pole to act upon the armature which operates the feed
mechanism.
Twenty-eighth-The combination, with the spool E, of the screw D' or its
equivalent for adjusting the said spool to regulate the extent of the feed movement
of the carbons or electrodes.
Twentyninth-The combination, with the magnet E, of the armature lever O
bridging the spool heads and carrying the auxiliary or micrometer feed stop.
Thirtieth-The combination, with the magnet E, of the safety cut out armature M
bridging the spool heads.
Thirtyfirst: The combination, with the armature lever M of the blade spring or
equivalent device fixed on the end of the lever and serving the double purpose of
a retractor and means for formning an electrical connection with the said lever
substantially as above set forth.
Thirty Second-The combination of the magnet E provided with an extension b
connected to one spool bead an armature c actuated thereby for operating the feed.
mechanism and a supplemental cut-out armature extending from one of the spool:
heads to the other spool head, substantially as, and for the purpose, set forth.
Thirty third-In an electric lamp a magnet E provided with three armatures'
one of which acts to form the arc and is attracted by "the said magnet and the
other two of which are supplemental armatures, bridging the spool heads one of
the latter armatures operating a micrometer feed stop and the other controlling the
automatic cut out.
Thirtyfourth-The combination of the cross-piece a supported by posts D the
hollow magnet E supported by the said cross-piece, and the carbon carrier moving
within the said magnet, substantially as, and for the purpose set forth.
.
Thirty fifth-The combination, with the supporting cross-piece a, of the hollow
magnet E and the armatures O and M suspended from the said cross-piece and
bridging the spool heads.
Thirty sixth-The combination, with the insulating plate A supporting the lamp
mechanism, of the rods B connected to the said plate and secured to the cylindrical.
cap-piece C, substantially as, and for the purpose set forth.
Thirtyseventh-The combination, with the carbon carrier F, of the protecting.
tube A placed between the said carrier and the external supporting tube 4..
substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

page_text: Thirtyeighth-The spool W supported from the interior of the cap-piece C
and carrying a shunt wire as and for the purpose specified.
Thirtyninth-In electric lighting in either the arc or the incandescent system,
the division of the main line or conductor into two or more parts substantially as
described and for the purposes specified.
Fortieth The combination of the cap piece C and the cylindrical lamp casing 1
supported thereby and carrying at its lower end a reflector 2 projecting downward
sul stantially as, and for the purpose, set forth.
Fortyfirst-The combination, in an electric arc lamp of a supporting rod or
rods having the lower carbon suspended thereto and free from additional attach-
nients and a globe 6, enclosing the said rod or rods and the lower carbon, and
supported by attachments located above the arc in the manner described and for
the purpose specified.
Forty second-The combination, in an arc lamp, of the supporting rod or rods 3,
a globe 6, continuous or closed at its lower part and entirely disconnected from the
lower carbon-holder but enclosing the same, and a globe-holder suspended from the
supporting rod or rods at a point above the arc.
Forty third. The combination, with the globe 6 continuous or closed at its
lower part, of links 8 or their equivalents for supporting the said globe, and guide-
sleeves 9 capable of sliding on the rod or rods 3 substantially as described.
Forty fourth, The combination of the hollow bracket 5, the hollow supporting
tube 4, the cap 16, and the block 15 fixed in the tube 4, at or near the opening
in the hollow bracket, and carrying binding posts or screws as, and for the
purpose described.
Forty fifth An electric lamp having a micrometer feed movement and an
abnormal feed movement substantially as described and for the purposes specified.
Forty sixth. In or for an electric lamp, the conical reflector 2, the cylindrica!
metal case 1, the inverted cup-shaped cap C and the terminal tube 4 all constructed
and combined substantially as and for the purposes set forth.
Forty seventh. The reflector 2, the cylindrical case 1; the cap C and the tube 4
constituting an upper system in combination with the globe 6, open at the top but
continuous or closed at the bottom, the sliding arms or brackets 10, the links 8, the
hooks 11, and the rod or rods 3 connected at their lower ends, constituting a
lower system and separated from the upper system by an air space but held
together by the rods 3, or their equivalent, all as and for the purposes set forth.
Forty eighth. In combination with the rod or rods 3, the globe 6, arranged to
slide down for renewal of the carbons or electrodes, as described and for the purposes
specified.
Forty ninth. The combination of the globe 6 having an open top, the rod or
rods 3, having their lower ends, which hold the lower carbon or electrode, integral
with and within the said globe a free air space being left above the globe for the
purposes described.
Fiftieth The combination of the coil or conductor M and the coil or conductor
on the spool of the magnet E arranged in parallel circuit or in multiple arc
substantially as described with reference to Figure 6 of the drawings and for the
purposes specified.
Fifty first. The carbon carrier F arranged as above described so that it can be
moved up and down at pleasure by hand and when the magnet E and clutch H
are acting the said carrier will remain in any position desired, without the necessity
for touching any other part of the mechanism by the hand..
Fiftysecond. The electric lamp and its operating mechanism arranged to be
moved up and down in the interior of the post substantially as and for the purposes
set forth.
Fifty third. The means substantially as described whereby the lamp proper
or lamp mechanism may. be brought down through the hollow of the post for
renewal of the carbons or electrodes, or for adjusting the said lamp or its
mechanism.

page_text: Fifty fourth. The combination with the hollow post provided with a door or
opening, of a carrier or support for the operating parts of the lamp and means
whereby the said carrier may be raised or lowered or held in a raised position,
substantially as described.
Fifty fifth. The combination of a translucent globe for an electric lamp, means.
for attaching and supporting the same at its base, and an inverted cone-shaped
reflector supported at its apex by standards or rods passing through the interior
of the said globe, but not in contact therewith the said rods being secured to the top
of the post within the said globe substantially as, and for the purposes, set forth.
Fifty sixth. In an electric lighting apparatus the ornamental post N having
the doors and g, the globe B, the reflector C, the ornamental band D, the conical
hood E, the ornamental collar h, and the finial F with the ornament G at the top,
all arranged substantially as described with reference to 'Figures 11, 12, and 13 of
the drawings
Fifty seventh. The combination, with the hollow post or support within which
the lamp is movable vertically, of vertical insulated conductors, and contact pieces
or springs attached to the lamp-carrier or to the post or central tube, or to both or
all of these parts as may be desired, the said contact-pieces or springs being adapted
to bear upon each other and make electrical contact when the lamp is raised in
position for use, substantially as set forth
Fifty eighth. The combination of the hollow post, having the upper and lower
doors, the hollow tube within the post, the carrier movable in the post and tube,
the two insulated conducting strips or wires leading to the movable lamp and.
movable contacts between the said wires or strips and the lamp, for the purposes
specified.
Fifty ninth. The combination of the hollow post with the insulated contact or
conducting strips or wires in the interior thereof, the insulating plugs 6,6", and
the metal connecting cups or pins c", c", passing through openings in the wall of
the post, and the wires outside connected to the said cups or pins substantially as
described and for the purpose specified.
Sixtieth. The combination of the hollow post and the shunting switch operated
by the door, or otherwise for the purposes specified.
Sixty-first. The combination substantially as described, of the vertically movable
lamp, the hollow post, with or without the central tube, the insulated connecting.
wires or strips and the shunting switch connected therewith, for the purposes
specified.
Sixty second. The combination of the cap A the rods H the reflector C, and the
tube i, substantially as described and for the purpose specified.
Sixty third. The combination of the post N, the carrier L the carbons or
electrodes e, the carbon holder j, the tube i, and the rods H, substantially as
described and as shown in Figure 12 for the purpose specified.
Sixty fourth. The combination of the hollow post, the cap A, the rods H, the
globe B and the reflector C arranged with an open space between the globe and
reflector for ventilation substantially as described and as shown in Figure 12, for
the purposes specified.
Sixty fifth-The combination of the hollow tube, the carrier L, the resistance
coil n', the insulated support w, the rod 7, the carbons e, the support x, the movable
lamp v, the contacts r, the connecting wires or strips p, the pulleys m, the cord or
chain n, for raising and lowering the lamp, and the lug or tang o all constructed
and combined substantially as described and as shown in Figure 15.
Sixty sixth-The combination of the cap A at the top of the post the globe B,
and the door g to permit access for cleaning the inside of the globe substantially as
described.
Sixty seventh-An electric lamp suspended above the top of a post and
connected by wires or conductors passing up and down the said post and through
the arms or rods which serve to support the said lamp or its hood, substantially as
described and for the purpose specified

page_text: Sixty eighth-The combination, with an electric lamp suspended at, or above,
the top of a post, of the connecting wires passing up and down either outside or
inside of the said post, but entirely out of sight, substantially as described.
Sixty ninth The hollow post N, the hollow rods or arms 10, 11, and the lamp
suspended therefrom, or connected thereto, substantially as described and for the
purpose specified
Seventieth-The combination in an electric are lamp of the globe 13, the
support for the lower carbon or carbons the said support projecting downward
within the said globe but not in contact with the lower part thereof, substantially
as described and for the purpose specified.
Seventy first The lamp secured to the ceiling of the hood substantially as
described and as shown in Figure 16 whereby an even appearance is maintained and
the necessity for any boxing tubing or casing for the famp mechanism protruding
or projecting from the said ceiling or hood is obviated.
Seventy second-The combination of the hollow post N the hollow arms or
brackets 10, 11, the hood above and the lamp beneath and the electrical connections
invisible from without, substantially as described.
Seventy third-In an electric arc lamp, the globe surrounding or encompassing
the carbons or electrodes, the said globe being open at the top and having its lower
part continuous or closed and not connected to any metal or other fixture to obstruct
the light and being held or supported by a rod or rods projecting downwards within
it, or by chains, wires, or the like attached to the top or side of the said globe,
substantially as described.
Seventy fourth-One or more loops or branches of the main wires or conductors
of an electric circuit of an underground system so arranged as to project or
protrude from the top of the post, substantially as described and for the purposes
specified.
Seventy fifth-The combination of the wires d¹¹ d" with the post and the
wires a' a¹ arranged either within or outside of the said post and connected with a
source of electricity by underground conductors, substantially as, and for the
purpose, set forth.
Seventy sixth-Making electrical connections between underground wires or
conductors and lamps or other electrical machines, apparatus or devices located in
adjacent buildings by means of posts which serve to raise a part of the circuit of
the said underground wires or conductors above vehicles and above the heads of
the people in the streets substantially as described.
Seventy seventh-Connecting lamps, and other electrical apparatus and devices
in buildings with underground conductors or wires leading to or from a battery or
other source of electricity, through, and by means of, adjacent posts, substantially
as described.
Seventy eighth-The combination, with an electric lighting system, of lightning
arresters to protect the lamps and dynamo-electric machines connected with the said
system substantially as described.
Seventy ninth-In apparatus for electric lighting or for the transmission of
power by electricity, a lightning arrester on one or both sides of a lamp, machine or
other device, and a ground wire or other earth connection leading from the said
arrester, substantially as described and for the purposes specified.
In witness whereof I the said Henry Harris Lake have hereunto set my
hand and seal this Fifteenth day of March in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and eighty three.