IMPROVED MEANS OF VENTILATING AND REDUCING THE TEMPERATURE OF ROOMS OR APARTMENTS IN VESSELS, BUILDINGS, AND OTHER STRUCTURES
Year: 1870

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to George Elliot, of 23, Great George Street, in
the County of Middlesex, M.P. for North Durham, for the
Invention of "IMPROVED MEANS OF VENTILATING AND REDUCING THE
TEMPERATURE OF ROOMS OR APARTMENTS IN VESSELS, BUILDINGS, AND OTHER
STRUCTURES."
Scaled the 2nd September 1870, and dated the 5th March 1870.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said George Elliot at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
5th March 1870.
I, GEORGE ELLIOT, of 23, Great George Street, in the County of
Middlesex, M.P. for North Durham, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVED MEANS OF VENTILATING AND REDUCING THE
TEMPERATURE OF Rooms OR APARTMENTS IN VESSELS, BUILDINGS, AND OTHER
STRUCTURES," to be as follows :-
The object of my Invention is to force or draw a current of air which
> has been caused to impinge against or come in contact with pipes or
hollow plates containing water or other cooling medium, or against the

page_text: water itself, so that the heated atmosphere of a room in a vessel or other
structure may be reduced in temperature.
The manner in which I propose to carry my Invention into effect is
as follows:-I take, say, a vessel which has to pass through various
parts of the world in which the heat of the atmosphere is oppressive to
the passengers and crew, and where it is necessary that the heat of the
cabins or compartments should be reduced I fit or arrange a series of
perforated or open ended pipes along the ceilings or other parts of the
borths and cabins; these all lead from a reservoir or chamber in which
a fan is fitted, so that while the fan is at work fresh air is made to 1
circulate through the pipes or between the pipes into each of the
compartments. The air in its passage either to the fan or after it has
left it is caused to come in contact with a set of pipes or hollow plates,
in which cold water is made to flow cither in the pipes or in contact
with the external surface of the pipes. The supply of water I propose 1
to obtain from the sea or river and at some depth below the surface by
lifting or forcing it through a pipe or pipes in connection with the vessel
to the required depth.
It is not necessary to force or draw the air against the water pipes to
cool it as it may be forced or drawn through the pipes. The water 2
when raised can be made to fall in a spray or otherwise into a chamber
through which the air passes. By this means the air will absorb a
certain amount of moisture from the water and render the apartment
more healthy and much cooler.
I do not confine myself to the employment of a fan for drawing or 2
forcing the air from or into the apartments, as pumps or other apparatus
capable of performing the work may be employed as found most
dosirablo.
In some cases the pressure of the atmosphere or of the water will be
sufficient to keep up the supply, especially in vessels where the pipe or 3
pipes project through the bottom of the vessel and the fan or air forcing
apparatus is below the surface or water line.
In the case of buildings or other fixed structures I propose to obtain
the water from a well or reservoir under ground or from any other
source.
The Tawaution is also annochle to the santilation of i
3

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said George Elliot in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 5th September 1870.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, GEORGE
ELLIOT, of 23, Great George Street, in the County of Middlesex, M.P.
for North Durham, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Fifth day of March, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy, in the thirty-
third year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs, and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said George Elliot, Her special licence
that I, the said George Elliot, my exccutors, administrators, and assigns,
or such others as I, the said George Elliot, my executors, administrators,
and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time
to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed,
should and lawfully might makc, use, exercise, and vend, within the
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ircland, the Channel Islands,
and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVED MEANS OF VENTILATING
AND REDUCING THE TEMPERATURE OF ROOMS OR APARTMENTS IN VESSELS,
BUILDINGS, AND OTHER STRUCTURES," upon the condition (amongst others).
that I, the said George Elliot, my executors or administrators, by an
instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and
scals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause
the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said George Elliot, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement thereof, reference being had to the accom-
panying Drawings, and to the figures and letters marked thereon,
that is to say :-
The object of my Invention is to force or draw a current of air which
has been caused to impinge against or come in contact with pipes or
hollow plates containing water or other cooling medium, or against the
water itself, so that the heated atmosphere of a room in a vessel or other
structure may be reduced in temperature.

page_text: The manner in which I propose to carry my Invention into effect is
as follows:-I take, say, a vessel which has to pass through various
parts of the world in which the heat of the atmosphere is oppressive to
the passengers and crew, and where it is necessary that the heat of the
cabins or compartments should be reduced I fit or arrange a series of
perforated or open ended pipes along the ceilings or other parts of the
berths and cabins; these all load from a reservoir or chamber in which
a fan is connected or fitted, so that while the fan is at work fresh air is
made to circulate through the pipes or between the pipes into each of
the compartments. The air in its passage either to the fan or after it
has left it is caused to come in contact with a set of pipes or hollow
plates, in which cold water is made to flow either in the pipes or in
contact with the external surface of the pipes. The supply of water
I propose to obtain from the sea or river and at some depth below the
surface by lifting or forcing it through a pipe or pipes in connection
with the vessel to the required depth.
The Invention will be well understood by referring to the accom-
panying Drawings, of which Figure 1 is a view partly in section of
an apparatus in its complete form. a, a, a, a, are a scries of pipes which
may bo open ended or provided with wire gauze or perforated plates or
diaphragms at the parts leading into the berths, cabins, or compart-
ments of a vessel, building, or other structure for the purpose of
reducing the temperature of the same. These pipes a, a, are connected
to a box or pipe end 6 of a fan c or a force pump framing so that the
air can be forced through the pipes a, a, after it has been drawn from
the casing or cooling reservoir e, in which a number of coiled pipes ƒ,ƒ,
are arranged; the air in its passage from the entrance g is caused to pass
through the perforated or wire gauze top or partition / to break it up
into fine streams before it impinges against the cooling pipes f. f, which
it must do before it can reach the outlet i to the fan c. The pipes f,f,
are water pipes, and they all lead from a box or receiver j attached to
the head of the main supply pipe k, and the water which passes through
in an upward direction is received in another box 1 of the outflow
pipe m. The water can be forced up through the coils of pipes by an
ordinary pump or by any other suitable means, and from any depth so
as to get it as cold as possible.
In the case of cooling ships' cabins, or other compartments, I propose
that the suction nine should be of such a length that when dragging

page_text: after the vessel the end of it should be in water of greater coldness than
the surface water; but in the case of cooling buildings or structures, the
suction pipe should be in a well or other reservoir below ground in
which the water is known to be of great coldness.
I do not in any way confine myself to forcing the water up through the
coils ff, as it may be forced down them, but as before stated I prefer
to force it upwards, so that the air can be gradually cooled before it
reaches the fan tube. In all cases I prefer that the air should travel in
a direction contrary to that of the water.
In the view before referred to I have shown that the air is passed
through pipes after leaving the fan; but these pipes may be arranged
in a box or chamber and used as water pipes; in that case the air would
be passed through other pipes which enclose or envelope them, so that
the air would be again reduced in temperature before it entered the
apartments.
-
It is not necessary to force or draw the air against the water pipes to
cool it, as it may be forced or drawn through the pipes. The water
when raised can be made to fall in a spray or otherwise into a chamber
through which the air passes. By this means the air will absorb a
certain amount of moisture from the water and render the apartment
more healthy and much cooler. This will be understood by referring to
Figure 2, which is a section of a box or reservoir through which the air
is made to pass from the entrance g to the outlet i. The air is checked
and broken up into fine streams by the perforated or wire gauze screen
or partition h, and the water falls from the rose or spreader n upon the
air in its passage through the box from which it is drawn off by the
outlet m.
Figures 3 and 4 represent two forms of boxes or reservoirs for the air
and water to pass through; these boxes may be built up of hollow
plates, or the division plates may be formed with the outer casing, as
shown.
In Figure 3 the air may enter at the pipe 9, and after traversing the
plates in a zig-zag manner may be drawn off by means of a fan or other
apparatus by the outlet i, while the water which enters by the pipe k
traverses the insides of the plates in a transverse direction to that of the
air until it reaches the outlet tube m.

page_text: before it is allowed to enter the room or apartment requiring to be
cooled and ventilated, as illustrated in Fig. 2.
In witness whereof, I, the said George Elliot, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Fifth day of September, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy.