Improvements in the Manufacture of Paper, Boards, and such like Materials.
Year: 1890

page_text: Date of Application, 18th Sept., 1890
Complete Specification Left, 18th June, 1891-Accepted, 8th Aug., 1891
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Manufacture of Paper, Boards, and such like
Materials.
I, CHARLES WEYGANG, of No. 3 Hermitage Villas, Child's Hill, in the County
of Middlesex, Papermaker, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
This invention relates to certain improvements, or developments, upon my
Patents No. 790488 and No. 12,15986 and has more particularly for its object the
utilization, or the direction of the processes described in the said Patents towards
producing certain colors or shades.
For dark colored papers I employ peat size prepared substantially as described in
my Specification No. 12,15986. I incorporate the same with the fibrous pulp, and I
employ a salt of iron to act upon the peat in such a manner that a variety of dark
shades are produced, according to the method of adding the iron salt ;--for instance:
For a very dark shade I cause the iron salt to act for as long a time as possible
upon the peat sizing by adding the iron salt to the fibrous pulp at an early stage
and beating the whole off together, and when the beating is finished, or nearly so,
I add a small quantity of a farinaceous preparation, preferably prepared as described
in my Specification No. 790486. In addition to the iron salt I may also employ a
salt or a compound of lime, such as sulphate of lime or ordinary gypsum, which I
add to the pulp preferably at the commencement of the beating or at any stage.
For a lighter shade of the same tone I somewhat reverse the proceedings just
described in so far that I add the iron salt at the last moment, after all the other
ingredients have been added, thus causing less action of the iron upon the peat.-
In this way and by regulating the proceedings accordingly I may produce a variety
of shades.
In conjunction with the iron salt I may employ ferrocyanides for the purpose of
producing different shades of blue, purple, or green.
By substituting an aluminous salt, or a soluble salt of an alkaline earth, for the
iron salt, I produce still lighter shades.-For the purpose of producing more
delicate shades or colors I substitute for the peat sizing herein before referred to,
fleshy vegetable matters of a light color, such as potatoes or beet; or the refuse
from these substances; or similar fleshy vegetable matters. I simply boil such
substances in water, preferably with a little alkali, until they are thoroughly cooked;
or I merely allow them to rot.-Such fleshy vegetable matter I employ as an
auxiliary to a farinaceous sizing as in the peat method just described.-For instance,
for light and delicate colors I proceed somewhat in the following manner :-
I incorporate with the fibrous pulp from about 10 to 25% of the fleshy vegetable
matter just referred to; I also generally prefer to add a certain proportion of a
salt or a compound of lime, such as sulphate of lime, or ordinary gypsum; I
further add a colorless acid salt, such as an aluminous or a zinc salt, or a soluble
salt of an alkaline earth.-I beat the whole off together and when the beating is
finished, or nearly so, I add a farinaceous preparation as herein before described.-
This pulp may be colored in any way, either by employing the requisite colors
direct, or by producing them by chemical means in the pulp; more particularly by
employing the precipitating salts, such as iron, zinc and copper in various
combinations with other chemical agents.
If the fleshy vegetable matter to be employed is not sufficiently clean, or if there
is skin to deal with which it is desirable to remove, such as in the case of potatoes,

page_text: I macerate the vegetable matter in water to a fluid pulp and I strain the same
through a sieve. The residue I employ for any suitable coarse purposes.
Dated this 16th day of September 1890.
CHARLES WEYGANG.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Manufacture of Paper, Boards, and such like
Materials.
I, CHARLES WEYGANG, of No. 3 Hermitage Villas, Child's Hill, in the County
of Middlesex, Papermaker, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in
what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascer-
tained in and by the following statement :-
This invention relates to certain improvements upon, and further developments
of my Patents Nos. 7904-86, 12,159-86 and 12,190-88, and has more particularly
for its object the utilization or the direction of the processes therein described,
to the production of a greater variety of colors and grades of paper, boards and the
like, more particularly by the employment of certain fleshy vegetable substances,
acting as sizing, binding and hardening agents, in a manner according to the results
required, and as will appear from the following:
For the purpose of making dark colored papers, boards, and the like, I employ
peat as the fleshy vegetable substance, upon similar principles as described in the
before mentioned Specifications; that is to say-I boil the peat in water with a
strong solution of alkali, preferably employing caustic soda in a proportion of
about 15 to 20 per cent. to the dry weight of the peat; and I boil under a pressure
of 20 lbs. or upwards, for six hours, or longer; it being understood that the higher
the pressure, and the longer the boiling, the more gelatinous the resulting mass
will be.
Of the gelatinous peat mass I add a proportion equal to from 10 to 25 per
cent., calculating dry weights, to ordinary paper stock in the beating engine; I
more generally employ a proportion of about 15 per cent., and I precipitate the
peat sizing by means of an acid salt, generally employing a ferric salt for dark
purposes, and a soluble salt of an alkaline earth for the lighter. I also generally
employ in combination with the foregoing a farinaceous preparation produced by
acting upon starch or flour with an alkali, substantially as and for the purposes
described in the before mentioned Specifications.-More generally I proceed
somewhat in the following manner for the purpose of producing dark colored
papers-
I take about equal proportions of unboiled peat of the light, spongy variety, and
preferably the same quality of peat boiled with an alkali as described in the
foregoing, and I prefer to mix and grind these two materials in edgerunners before
transferring them to the beater.-I then incorporate them with ordinary fibrous
pulp in the beating engine, employing generally a proportion of about 15 per cent.
of each, calculating dry weights throughout. I then add sulphate of iron in a
proportion of 60 to 80 lbs., or thereabouts, to a 5 cwt. engine, and I beat the stuff
off in the ordinary way. I also add, preferably towards the end of the beating,
starch or flour prepared with an alkali substantially as described in my Specification
No. 7904-86, more generally in a proportion of 10 to 14 lbs. to a 5 cwt. engine,
calculating dry farinaceous matter.
For the purpose of producing less intense dark shades I substitute for the
ferric salt, a soluble salt of an alkaline earth, employing more generally calcium
chloride for this purpose, otherwise proceeding substantially as herein before
described.
For the purpose of producing light or delicate shades, capable of being colored
in any way, I substitute for the peat herein before referred to, fleshy vegetable

page_text: matter of a light color, such as potatoes, or beet, or the refuse from such substances,
or similar fleshy vegetable matters,-proceeding substantially as herein before
described. I find that manure, more particularly in the form of the sweepings
from the streets of large towns with much traffic, is one of the most convenient
substances for the purpose herein intended.-This substance I boil in water with an
alkali and I employ the resulting gelatinous mass as a sizing, binding and hardening
agent in papermaking, upon the same principles described in the prior Specifications
herein referred to, varying the proceedings according to the nature of the paper to
be manufactured, substantially as described in the following
I may employ the manure in a fresh condition. but I prefer to employ it slightly
decayed. I boil it in water with about 15 per cent. of caustic soda, calculating
approximate dry weights, and preferably under a pressure of 25 to 35 lbs. for about
8 hours or upwards. I do not confine myself to the proportion of alkali, more or
less may be employed with good results; and the more decayed the manure is the
less alkali is required; nor do I confine myself to the time or pressure of boiling, it
being understood that the longer the boiling, and the higher the pressure, the
more gelatinous the substance becomes.
For the coarser grades of paper, or in all cases where delicacy of color is of no
object, I employ the boiled, gelatinous mass in its entirety, mixing from 10 to 25 per
cent. with ordinary paper pulp in the beating engine, calculating approximate dry
weights. I more generally employ a proportion equal to about 10 to 15 per cent.,
and I prefer to crush the mass in edgerunners, or equivalent apparatus, before
transferring it to the beater, and I beat the pulp in the ordinary way. I precipitate
the sizing matter with an acid, or an acid salt, or other suitable agent, generally
employing either the sulphate of iron, or an aluminous salt, or a salt of an alkaline
earth, such as calcium chloride. More generally I employ the sulphate of iron,
and in a proportion of about 60 to 80 lbs., or thereabouts, to a 5 cwt. engine.-But
if a less deep shade is required I generally employ an aluminous salt, such as the
ordinary aluminous cake, in about the same proportion, and in this case it is generally
advantageous to employ a small proportion of a calcium salt, such as the sulphate
in the form of gypsum, in conjunction therewith; or if the material to be produced
need not be very impermeable, 1 employ a soluble calcium salt, more generally the
calcium chloride, in about the same proportion as the ferric and the aluminous salts
referred to, for the purpose of precipitating the sizing matter.
Good results are produced without further additions to the pulp, but I generally
prefer also to employ the farinaceous preparation produced by acting upon starch
or flour with an alkali, substantially as described in my Specification No. 7904-86,
in conjunction with this process.-For this purpose I add a proportion equal to
about 10 to 14 lbs. of the aforesaid farinaceous matter, preferably towards the
finish of the beating.-After the beating the pulp is handled in the ordinary manner.
For purposes where a lighter or more delicate shade is required, I roughly separate
the more solid matter of the boiled manure from the black, gelatinous and more
liquid portion, and I may accomplish this simply by means of rakes.-The aforesaid
more liquid portion I employ as and for the purposes just described, that is, for the
coarser grades or darker shades.-The separated more solid lighter colored mass I
may employ as it is, in the same manner as described in the previous case; or
may first roughly rinse it with water, and for the purpose of producing a coarse
grade of white paper I bleach the more or less rinsed mass in any of the well known
ways. I prefer, however, to bleach it by itself, before it has been crushed,
preferably with chloride of lime under heat, and in a convenient apparatus in which
the chlorine can be roughly rinsed or washed out. The bleached mass is then
transferred to edgerunners, or other suitable crushing apparatus, and it is then
mixed with the pulp in the beating engine aud precipitated with a colorless acid
salt, more generally an aluminous salt, and otherwise substantially employed and
manipulated as described in the foregoing case; a farinaceous preparation being
also most generally added in the manner as herein before described.
1

page_text: Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
1st. The improvements herein embodied upon my prior Patents herein referred
to, in the methods of employing fleshy vegetable matters, acting as sizing, binding
and hardening agents in the manufacture of paper and such like materials, sub-
stantially as herein described.
2nd. The employment of manure, more particularly in the form of the sweepings
from the streets of large towns, as a sizing, binding and hardening agent in the
manufacture of paper and such like materials, substantially as herein described.
3rd. The method of preparing manure so as to act as a sizing, binding and
hardening agent in paper making, substantially as herein described.
4th. The employment of manure as aforesaid, prepared so as to act as a sizing,
binding and hardening agent in papermaking, in conjunction with a farinaceous
matter, substantially as herein described.
5th. The employment of a ferric salt, also the employment of a salt of an alkaline
earth, in combination with manure as aforesaid, substantially as herein described.
6th. In combination with the foregoing the employment of a farinaceous
preparation substantially as and for the purpose herein described.
7th. The improved product in the form of paper, boards and such like articles,
manufactured substantially as herein described.
Dated this 18th day of June 1891.
CHARLES WEYGANG.