CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN WHEEL CARRIAGES, WHETHER FOR COMMON ROADS OR RAILWAYS
Year: 1840

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOHN
BUCHANAN, of the City of Glasgow, Coach Builder, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her present most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, bý
Her Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date
at Westminster, the Twenty-eighth day of December, in the fourth year
of Her reign, did, for 'Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and
grant unto me, the said John Buchanan, my executors, and administrators
& assigns, Her especial licence, full power, sole privilege and authority, that
I, the said John Buchanan, my executors, administrators, and assigns, and
every
of them, by myself and themselves, or by my and their deputy or
deputies, servants or agents, or such others as I, the said John Buchanan,
my executors, administrators, or assigns, should at any time àgree with,
and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the
term of years therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend my Invention of." CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN WHEEL
CARRIAGES, WHETHER FOR COMMON ROADS OR RAILWAYS," within that part of
the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland called England, the
Dominion of Wales, and Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed; in which said
Letters Patent is contained a proviso obliging me, the said John Buchanan',
by an instrument in writing under my hand and seal, particularly to describe
and ascertain the nature of my' said Invention, and in what manner
the same is to be performed, and to cause the same to be enrolled in
Her said Majesty's High Court of Chancery, within six calendar months

page_text: next and immediately after the date of the said. in part recited Letters
Patent, as in and by the same, reference being thereunto had, will more fully
and at large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the
said John Buchanan, do hereby declare the nature of my said Invention to
consist:-
:-
First, in an improved construction of the carriages of four-wheeled
vehicles to be used on common roads, whereby the said carriages may be
made shorter from axle to axle, and the front wheels of larger diameter than
can be done in a carriage on the ordinary construction, without raising the
body or hindering the carriage from turning in a small space, and greater
freedom of action given to the futchells and splinter bar, thereby greatly
facilitating the draught. Secondly, in an improved mode of applying cross
springs, that is to say, springs parallel to the axle to wheel carriages, whether
of two or four wheels, whereby the ordinary side springs or connecting perch
are rendered unnecessary. Thirdly, in an improved spring for wheel carriages,
in which the several steel plates composing the spring are kept asunder, either
by interposing blocks of wood, or by making each plate of a different curve,
all being united at the ends. Fourthly, in an improved connecting gear for
railing carriages, whereby a more uniform degree of tension is preserved
throughout the train; and, fifthly, in an improved mode of applying braces to
the springs of wheel carriages, whereby I am enabled to do away with the
ordinary heel flap or stay. And in further compliance with the said proviso, I,
the said John Buchanan, do hereby describe the manner in which my said
Invention is to be performed by the following statement thereof, reference
being had to the Drawing annexed, and to the figures and letters marked
thereon, similar letters being used to denote similar parts in all the figures,
that is to sav

page_text: and axles are attached by the iron bows F, F, F, F (only part of said bearing
springs is shewn in the Drawing, the particular description of spring made use
of not being essential to my improvement). G is an iron bar firmly fixed to
the front cross bar E by the cross rails H, H, and supported at a part of its
length by the cross stay I, I, the other end formed into a pin or rod J, which
works on the box or open socket K. This box is attached to the keeper L by
a pivot bolt, which allows the box to revolve so as always to be at right angles
to the pin J. N. is a piece of wood attached to the bottom of the body A for
the perch B, B, to traverse upon, and L is a keeper, also attached to the
bottom of the body, serving to retain the perch B, B, in contact with the piece
of wood N. L, l, is a similar keeper attached to the cross bar E, between
which keeper and cross bar the perch B; B, works. O, O, is the splinter
bar, and P, P, the futchells shewn of my improved construction, and more
particularly explained hereafter. Q, Q, are the sockets to receive the end of the
pole R when the leverage of the pole is applied to turn the under fore
carriage with the fore axle, and its pair of wheels round the perch bolt S, in
the same manner as in a carriage on the ordinary construction. It acts upon
the body by means of the pin or rod; working in the box k, so as to cause the
said body and upper fore carriage to move past each other in contrary directions
laterally, thus in effect moving the body out of the way of the front wheel
on the inner side of the circle in which the carriage may be turning.
Another arrangement of the same improvement is shewn in Figures 3 & 4.
Figure 3 is a front view, and Figure 4 a plan, of part of a carriage. A is the
body, B, B, a bar, commonly called the upper transom bar, supported on the
wheel plate C. D, D, is a bar of wood to which the springs and axles are to
be attached. E, E, the ordinary futchells. F, a bar of iron firmly fixed at one
end to the cross bar D, and at a part of its length to the wheel plate C at G,
the other end supporting the pivoted box H. I; I, is a pin or rod welded to
the iron cross stay K, K, which is firmly fixed to the bottom of the body A.
L is the perch bolt. In this, as in the before-described arrangement, the
leverage of the pole or shafts, while turning the under fore carriage with the
front axle, and its pair of wheels, will act through the box H. and the pin
or rod I, I, so as to cause the body and upper fore carriage to move in con-
trary directions laterally. M, M, is a plate of iron attached to the body, and
having a slot in it m, m. N is a stud or slot bolt fixed to the transom bar
B, B, which serves to keep the body down to the said transom bar B, B, and
also to regulate the divergence of the body and upper fore carriage.
Another arrangement of the same improvement. is shewn in Figures
5 and 6. Figure 5 is a lateral elevation, Figure 6 a plan, of a light phaeton.

page_text: A is the boot and driver's seat; A, A, the body. The said boot and body are
separate from each other at B. c, c, is a longitudinal bar or perch, which is
firmly fixed to the bottom of the front boot, and left free to move sideways
under the body A, A. .D, D, are cross bars, to which the springs and axles,
not shewn in the Drawing, are to be attached by means of the iron bows
E, E, E, E. F is a longitudinal iron bar or guide rod, firmly fixed at the one
end by the cross rails G, G, to the fore cross bar D, the other end supporting
a box I, fixed to it by a pivot bolt. K, K, are two iron keepers fixed to the
bottom to the body at their ends. Between said keepers and the bottom of the
body the longitudinal bar C, C, slides from side to side. L is a pin or rod
welded to the foremost of the two keepers K, K, and working in the pivoted
box I. m, m, m, m, are two cross pieces or shoulders firmly fixed to the
longitudinal bar C, C, and butting against the keepers k, k, to prevent the
said bar C, C, being drawn through the said keepers when the carriage is pro-
gressing, or the front boot and the body being forced into contact when the
carriage is being backed. N is the perch bolt. In this arrangement also the
upper fore carriage and the boot and the body will be moved past each other
in contrary directions laterally when the leverage of the pole or shafts is
applied to turn the under fore carriage with the front axle and its pair
of wheels.
And now more particularly to describe my improved construction of fut-
chells and splinter bar, as shewn in Figures 1 & 2, I will refer to Figuro
1.1. These parts have hitherto been 'always fixed rigidly, by tenoning or
otherwise, to the fore axle, axle bed, or spring bar; but in my improved mode
they are attached by joints to the fore axle, axle bed, or spring bar, so as at
all times they shall play up and down with the motion of the horses, thus
inaterially diminishing the strain on the fore part of the carriage, and also
giving increased power to the horses, whether in drawing the carriage or
stopping it going down hill. Figure 11 is a plan of the pole, splinter bar,
splinter bar; P, P, the futchells; Q, the pole
socket'; R, the pole; S, S, the joints or hinges whereby the 'futchells are
attached to the 'fore axle. See also Figures 1 and 2. In Figure 1, T is a
strap suspending the splinter bar and futchells from above, for the sake of con-
venience in taking out or putting in the 'pole.
and futchells. 0, 0, is the
.
.:.
And now, secondly, with reference to my said improved mode of applying
cross springs, that is, springs parallel to the axle or axles to wheel carriages,
whether with two or four wheels, in all carriages suspended on cross
springs, side springs, that is; springs 'suspended from or supported on the
axle for axles transversely or in certain descriptions of four-wheeled car-

page_text: riages, a perch to connect the fore and hind axles have always been used,
but my said improvement renders unnecessary all such side springs or
connecting perch. The weight of the carriage will be thus reduced,. and a
greater amount of elastic yielding to obstacles obtained, which will materially
diminish the effects of concussion, and also cause. the carriage to run much
lighter, that is, to be of easier draught. Figure 8 is an end view, Figure. 9
a lateral elevation, of a two-wheeled carriage; shewing my said improvement.
A is the body; B, the hind cross bar connecting the shafts together; C, the
axle; D, a spring suspended from the axle by the middle; d, a block of wood
between the spring and axle; E, E, are. scroll irons coming from the shafts
to below the spring, to which they are connected by the shackle F, F. The
weight of the carriage suspended below the axle. will cause the said axle to
retain its proper position to the road, but will allow it to yield slightly. to a
large obstacle. Figure 10 is an end view of a two-wheeled carriage similarly
hung, but, with this difference, that it has two springs. below. the axle, the
upper one suspended from the axle by the links G, G, and the lower spring.
suspended from the upper at the middle of its length. By this arrangement
two removes from concussion to the body is obtained. .
And now, thirdly, as to my said improved springs for wheel carriages,
whether for common roads or railroads, consisting of two or more plates of
steel or any eligible flexible material, kept from contact with each other by a
block or blocks of wood in the middle of their lengths, and connected at the
ends to each other by loose links or shackles or rollers. This spring will afford
a greater amount of elastic action, and be more durable than the ordinary spring.
where the elastic action is diminished, and the plates worn by their friction
upon each other. This improved spring (spring) may be applied as a bearing
spring to wheel carriages, whether for common roads or railroads, or it may
be applied as a buffing spring to railway carriages. Figures 12 & 13 are
side views of the improved spring, detached from the carriages; A is the
axle on which the spring is supported; but the spring may be suspended
below the axle, or the axle may be between two of the plates where convenient.
The curved lines are the edges of the spring plates. B, B, B, are blocks of
wood between the plates. In Figure 13 links of the same length are shewn
at the end of cach plate, as connecting it with the plate immediately below it;
in Figure 12, these links. are shewn of a gradually increasing length, connecting
each plate with all the plates below it. By this last arrangement, when the
weight bears upon the first or longest plate, that plate. will go down to a
certain distance corresponding with the length of the link, connecting it with
the second or plate immediately above it. Before that second plate is called into

page_text: play the second plate will in like manner go down before the third plate is
called into play, and so on with all the plates. Thus a spring of gradually
increasing power will be obtained capable of giving easy elastic action under a
light load, or under a very heavy load. In Figure 15 the spring is shewn
applied to a railway carriage, and note, (that) that the plates may be all of the
same length, or of gradually diminishing lengths, and they may be straight or
curved, in any case the plates being kept from contact with each other, and the
_connection at the ends of the plates being such as shewn at Figures 16 and 17
so as to allow the plates to lengthen or shorten when forced by the pressure
of their load to or from a straight line.
Another kind of my improved springs consists of two or more plates of steel
of different curves, united by rolling or forming the ends of all the plates round
one centre or eye, having the plates free from contact with each other, and so
far apart, except at the said ends or eyes, as to allow for the difference of
radius of curve between the inner and outer plates. The ends or eyes of the
plates may be fastened together, if deemed advisable, by solder or rivets, or
they may be welded. Figuro 14 shews two plates of a spring formed at the
eyes according to my said improved mode.
And now, fourthly, of my said improved connecting gear for railway car-
riages, in order to connect them with each other so as to maintain, by the
action of the buffer rods, an uniform degree of tension throughout the train,
whether in traction or propulsion, and thus materially diminish the risk of the
train of carriages running off the rails, and also the shock communicated to
the carriages by the connecting links being suddenly drawn tight at starting,
and in progression by the inequalities of the rails. Figure 15 is a side view
of the frame of a railway carriage provided with my improved connecting
gear. A, A, is a rope attached to the axle guard at B, but it may be attached
to the frame. C, a block, having a pulley in it, round which pulley the rope is
carried and brought back to the buffer rod to which it is attached by a hook
(not seen in the Drawing). D is the corresponding block belonging to the
next carriage, and these blocks are attached to each other by the right and left
screw E, which screw is to be turned till the rope is drawn tight, and the buffers.
of the carriages bear upon each other. The action of the buffer rods will at
all times take up the slack of the rope, and thus maintain a uniform degree of
tension throughout the train; and note, instead of a rope, a chain or flexible
band of any suitable material may be used...
And now, fifthly, of my said improved mode of applying braces to the
springs of wheel carriages, which improved mode consists in attaching the
brace to the frame of the carriage behind the spring at such an angle as to

page_text: support the spring so as to obtain the necessary degree of what is commonly
called draw, on the brace, without the aid of the heel flap or stay hitherto used
for that purpose. A greater amount of elastic action will thus be obtained with.
less strain on the steel than in springs supported in the ordinary way. In
Figure 1 my said improved mode is shewn with a spring applied to the
hind end of a carriage on my herein-before firstly described improved con-
struction. a is the spring plate, but two or more plates may be used;
it is jointed to the frame of the carriage at 6. c, c, is the brace attached
to a regulating jack, such as commonly used by coach makers at d,
which jack is firmly fixed to the frame of the carriage behind the spring.
e is the body loop or iron stay from the body, suspending the said, body
from the brace c, c. fis an iron stay from the dumb iron or bow of the under
bearing spring to the body, to which it is jointed at g. The front of the body
A, A, rests upon the keeper L and the piece of wood N, to which it is attached
by the dumb jacks h, h, to allow the said body to accommodate itself to the
motion of the spring a. Figure 18 shews the spring and brace detached from
the carriage.
And now, lastly, having described in detail my said several improvements in
wheel carriages, with reference to the Drawing annexed, I, the said John
Buchanan, do hereby claim as my Invention,―
Firstly, the improved construction of carriages for four-wheeled vehicles to
be used on common roads, herein-before particularly described, wherein the
leverage of the pole or shafts, while turning the under fore carriage with the
fore axle and its pair of wheels acts through the upper fore carriage upon the
body in such a manner as to cause the said body and the fore carriage' to
move in contrary directions sideways, and wherein also the futchells and
splinter bar have more freedom of action than heretofore.
Secondly, the improved mode, herein-before particularly described, of
applying cross springs suspended under the axle or axles to wheel carriages,
as shewn applied to a two-wheeled carriage at Figures 8 and 9.
Thirdly, the improved springs, herein-before particularly described, con-
sisting of two or more plates of steel or other eligible flexible material, kept
from contact with each other either by a block or blocks between them in the
middle of their lengths, and connected at the ends by loose links, or shackles,
or rollers, or by the plates being made of different curves, and fastened
together at the ends.
Fourthly, the improved gearing, herein-before particularly described, for
attaching railway carriages to each other by ropes, or chains, or flexible bands,
fastened at one end to the axle guard, or any convenient fixed part of the car-

page_text: riage, and at the other end to the buffor rod, so that the action of the said
buffer rod shall take up the slack of the rope, whether in traction or propulsion,
and thus a uniform degree of tension be maintained throughout the train.
And fifthly and lastly, the improved mode, herein-before described, of
applying a brace to the spring of wheel carriages, whereby I am enabled to
obtain the necessary degree of what is commonly called draw on the brace,
without the aid of the heel flap or stay hitherto used for that purpose....
And such my improvements being, to the best of my knowledge and belief,
entirely new, and never before used in that part of Her said Majesty's United
Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland called England, Her said Dominion of
Wales, and Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, nor in any of Her said Majesty's
Colonies and Plantations abroad, 1 do hereby declare this to be my Specifica-
tion of the same, and that I do verily believe this my said Specification doth
comply in all respects, fully and without reserve or disguise, with the proviso
in the said. herein-before in part recited Letters Patent contained; wherefore
I do hereby claim to maintain exclusive right and privilege to my said
Invention.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Buchanan, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Seventeenth day of May, One thousand eight
hundred and forty-one years.

page_text: I, Peter Bennett, of the City of Glasgow, Clerk-at-Law; do hereby declare
that. I was present, together with Adam Paterson, of. the City of Glasgow,
Attorney-at-Law, and did see John Buchanan, of the City of Glasgow, Coach
Builder, sign, seal, and as his act; and deed acknowledge and deliver; a certain
Deed or Instrument in Writing, hereunto prefixed; bearing date the Seventeenth
day of May, Eighteen hundred and forty-one years, purporting to be a Speci-
fication describing and ascertaining the nature of the said John Buchanan's
Invention of "Certain Improvements in Wheel Carriages, whether for Com-
mon Roads or Railways; and I do farther declare, that the name "John
Buchanan," set and subscribed to the said Deed, as the party executing the
same, is of the proper handwriting of the said John Buchanan; and that the
names Adam Paterson and Peter Bennett, set and subscribed to the Attestation
of the said Deed, as witnesses to the signing and sealing thereof, are of the
proper handwriting of the said Adam Paterson and of me, this Declarant,
respectively; and I do solemnly and sincerely declare that this Declaration is
made by me under the conscientious knowledge and belief that the same is
true, the said Declaration being emitted in virtue of an Act passed in the fifth
and sixth years of the reign of His Majesty William the Fourth, entitled
"An Act to repeal an Act of the present Session of Parliament, entituled
'An Act for the more effectual Abolition of Oaths and Affirmations taken
and made in various Departments of the State, and to substitute Declarations
in lieu thereof, and for the more entire Suppression of voluntary and extra-
judicial Oaths and Affidavits, and to make other Provisions for the Abolition
of unnecessary Oaths." "
I, Adam Paterson, of the City of Glasgow, Notary Public, duly admitted.
and sworn, do hereby certify that John Lang, who hath signed and attested
the (prefixed)' prefixed Declaration, as made before him, and hath also attested
the Specification hereunto attached, as taken and acknowledged before him, is
5 one of Her Majesty's Justices of the Peace for the County of Lanark,
and that to all acts done and executed by him in that capacity full faith and
credit are due and ought to be given; and I farther certify, that the name

page_text: "John Lang," set and subscribed to the Attestation of the prefixed Declaration,
and also set and subscribed to the Attestation of Acknowledgment upon the
said Specification, is of the proper handwriting of the said. John Lang, and
was so set and subscribed of the date and at the place therein written. In
testimony whereof, I have bereunto set my hand and seal, at Glasgow, the
Seventeenth day of May, One thousand eight hundred and forty-one years.
Scivi

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JAMES
LOVEDAY, of Warwick, in the County of Warwick, Gentleman, send greeting.
WHEREAS, by Letters Patent under the Great Seal of the United
Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, bearing date at Westminster, the
Twenty-eighth day of December, in the fourth year of the reign of Her present
Majesty Queen Victoria, Her said Majesty did grant unto John Buchanan,
of the City of Glasgow, Coach Builder, his exors, admors, and assigns,
Her said Majesty's especial license, full power, sole privilege and authority,
that he, the said John Buchanan, his exors, adññors, and assigns, and every
of them, by himself and themselves, or by his and their deputy or
deputies, servants or agents, or such others as he, the said John Buchanan,
his exors, adñiors, or assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others,
from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term of years
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise,' and vend
his Invention of "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN WHEEL CARRIAGES, WHETHER
FOR COMMON ROADS OR RAILWAYS," within. that part of the United Kingdom of
Great Britain and Ireland called England, the Dominion of Wales, and Town
of Berwick-upon-Tweed; in which said Letters Patent is contained a proviso
obliging him, the said John Buchanan, by an instrument in writing under his
hand and seal, particularly to describe and ascertain the nature of his said
Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, and to cause the
same to be enrolled in Her said Majesty's High Court of Chancery within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said in part
recited Letters Patent, as in and by the same, reference being thereunto had,
will more fully and at large appear: And whereas, in pursuance and per-
formance of a proviso in the said Letters Patent contained, the said John
Buchanan did, by a Specification, being an instrument in writing under his
hand and seal, bearing date the Seventeenth day of May, One thousand eight
hundred and forty-one, particularly describe and ascertain the nature of his
said Invention, and the manner in which the same is to be performed, and did
cause the same Specification to be enrolled in the High Court of Chancery, at
Westminster, within the time in and by the said Letters Patent limited for

page_text: that purpose: And whereas, by virtue of an Indenture of Assignment, bearing
date the Eleventh day of March, One thousand eight hundred and fifty, and
made or expressed to be made between the said John Buchanan, of the one
part, and me, the said James Loveday, of the other part, for the considerations
therein expressed, the said Letters Patent, and the privileges, benefits, and
advantages thereby granted, were assigned unto me, the said James Loveday,
my exors, adññiors, and assigns, for all the then residue of the term and interest
therein of him, the said John Buchanan, to and for the proper use and benefit
of me, the said James Loveday, my exors, adñññors, and assigns: And whereas,
I, the said James Loveday, have been advised that a part of the said Inven-
tion mentioned in the said Letters Patent, and described in the said Specifica-
tion as the Fourth Part of the said Invention, is not of great utility, and is not
likely to be brought into any considerable use during the continuance of the
said Letters Patent; and being desirous of avoiding all doubts and questions
respecting the validity of the said Letters Patent, by reason of the same com-
prising such part of the said Invention, I am desirous of disclaiming the same
part; in manner-herein-after expressed: And whereas, the said Specification, in
describing the nature of the said part of the said Invention, and the manner in
which the same is to be performed, mentions the use of plates of steel, and
other. eligible flexible materials, and I have been advised that wrought iron is
the only other material besides steel which can be economically used for the
purpose of forming springs according to the said Third Part of the said Inven-
tion'; and I am therefore desirous of altering such parts of the said Speci-
fication as mention the use of such other flexible materials as aforesaid, in
manner herein-after expresssed.
NOW THESE PRESENTS WITNESS, that by and with the leave and
consent of Sir Alexander James Edmund, Cockburn, Knight, Her said
Majesty's Attorney-General, I, the said James Loveday, do hereby disclaim
all so much and such part or parts of the said Specification as is or are in the
words following (that is to say):-
"
"Fourthly, in an improved connecting gear for railway carriages, whereby
"a more uniform degree of tension is preserved throughout the train." And
by and with the leave and consent aforesaid, and for the reasons aforesaid, and
as to and concerning so much and such part or parts of the said Specification
as is or are in the words following (that is to say):-" And now thirdly, as
to my said improved springs for wheel carriages, whether for common roads.
or railroads; consisting of two or more plates of steel, or any eligible flexible
"material, kept from contact with each other by a block or blocks of wood in
"the middle of their lengths, and connected at the ends to each other by loose
66

page_text: 65
66
"
links, or shackles, or rollers," I, the same James Loveday, do hereby alter
the same by substituting the words "or wrought iron" in lieu of the words
"or any eligible flexible material," and so that so much and such part or parts
of the said Specification as lastly herein-before set forth, may and shall be in
the words following (that is to say):-"And now thirdly, as to my .said
improved springs for wheel carriages, whether for common roads or railways,
"consisting of two or more plates of steel or wrought iron, kept from contact
"with each other by a block or blocks of wood in the middles of their.lengths,
"and connected at the ends to each other by loose links, or shackles,
or rollers." And by and with the leave and consent aforesaid, and..for
the reasons aforesaid, I, the said James Loveday, do hereby disclaim all .so
much and such part or parts of the said Specification as is or are in the words,
letters, and figures following (that is, to say):-"And now fourthly, of my
said improved connecting gear for railway carriages, in order to connect them
with each other, so as to maintain, by the action of the buffer rods, an uniform
degree of tension throughout the train, whether in traction or propulsion, and
thus materially diminish the risk of the train of carriages running off the 'rails
and also the shock communicated to the carriages by the connecting links
being suddenly drawn tight at starting, and in progressing by the inequalities
of the rails. Figure 15 is the side view of the frame of a railway carriage
provided with my improved connecting gear. A, A, is a rope attached to
the axle guard B, but it may be attached to the frame. 'C, a block having
a pulley in it, round which pulley the rope is carried and brought back to
the buffer rod to which it is attached by a hook (not seen in the: Drawing).
D is the corresponding block belonging to the next carriage, and these
blocks are attached to each other by the right and left screw E, which
screw is to be turned till the rope is drawn tight, and the buffers of the
carriages bear upon each other. The action of the buffer rods will at all times
take up the slack of the rope, and thus maintain a uniform degree of tension
throughout the train. And note, instead of a rope, a chain or flexible band
of any suitable material may be used.". And by and with the leave and
consent aforesaid, and for the reasons aforesaid, and as to and concerning the
Third-Claim in the said Specification contained, being so much and such part
or parts of the said Specification as is or are in the words: following ((that is to
say): "Thirdly, the improved springs herein-before particularly described,
consisting of two or more plates of steel or other eligible flexible material,
kept from contact with each other by a block or blocks between them iin
the middle of their lengths, and connected at the ends by loose links, or
shackles, or rollers, or by the plates being, made of different, curves, and

page_text: "fastened together at the ends," I do hereby alter the same by substituting
the words "wrought iron" in lieu of the words "other eligible flexible
material," and so that the. said Third Claim may and shall be in the words
following (that is to say):-"Thirdly, the improved springs herein-before
"particularly described, consisting of two or more plates of steel or wrought
iron, kept from contact with each other by a block or blocks between them
"in the middles of their lengths, and connected at the ends by loose links, or
"shackles, or rollers, or by the plates being made of different curves, and
"fastened together at the ends." And by and with the leave and consent
aforesaid, and for. the reasons aforesaid, I, the said James Loveday, do hereby
disclaim the Fourth. Claim contained in the said Specification, being all so
much and such part or parts of the said Specification as is or are in the words
following (that is to say):-" Fourthly, the improved gearing herein-before
particularly described, for attaching railway carriages to each other by ropes
or chains, or flexible bands fastened at one end to the axle guard, or any
"convenient fixed part of the carriage, and at the other end to the buffer rod,
"so that the action of the said buffer rod shall take up the slack of the
rope, whether in traction or propulsion, and thus a uniform degree of tension
"be maintained throughout the train."
66
And I, the said James Loveday, do hereby further declare, that the above-
written Disclaimer and Memorandum of Alteration are not respectively, nor
is cither of them or any part thereof respectively, intended to extend the
exclusive right granted by the said Letters Patent, and that these Presents
shall not extend the said exclusive right in anyway whatsoever.
In witness whereof, I, the said James Loveday, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Twenty-eighth day of April, One thousand eight
hundred and fifty-one.

page_text: Memorandum of Alteration, pursuant to the Statute passed in the 6th year
of the reign of His late Majesty, entitled an Act to amend the Law touching
Letters Patent for Inventions.
AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the Twenty-eighth day of April, in
the year of our Lord 1851, the aforesaid James Loveday came before our said
Lady the Queen in Her Chancery, and acknowledged the Disclaimer afore-
said, and all and every thing therein contained and specified, in form above
written. And also the Disclaimer aforesaid was stamped according to the
tenor of the Statute made for that purpose.