Improvements in Fans or Apparatus for Inducing Air Currents.
Year: 1893

page_text: Date of Application, 30th May, 1893
Complete Specification Left, 20th Jan., 1894-Accepted, 24th Feb., 1894
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Fans or Apparatus for Inducing Air Currents.
We JAMES HENRY PICKUP of Britannia Works Bury in the County of
Lancaster Engineer THOMAS HEnry Ashworth of Britannia Works aforesaid
Foreman of Engineering Department and JOHN WATERS of Britannia Works
aforesaid Copper Smith and JAMES BYROM of Woolfold Bury aforesaid Contractor
do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows :-
This invention relating to fans or apparatus for inducing air currents has for its
object to combine strength with lightness and efficiency, and consists in forming the
blades of the fan in such a way that they will be efficient and strong even in large
sizes although they may be made of light or thin metal. They are moreover of such
form that by the revolutions of the fan the blades will more effectually collect and
pass air through and from the fan than is the case with fans hitherto in use and
without the blades becoming bent or distorted.
According to this invention the blades of the fan may be made of light metal if
desired and may be each made of a single piece bent to the required shape or each
blade may be made of several pieces soldered or otherwise connected together to
give the desired form. Each blade is connected at its inner end to two collars or
bosses arranged at a distance apart equal to the depth or width of the fan. The
outer ends of the blades being connected to a ring which may be arranged concentric
to and in the plane of one of the collars or bosses. One edge of each of the blades
is situated in or about this plane and extends for part of the distance from the boss
to the ring in the direction of a tangent to the boss the remainder of the edge of
the blades extends at a quick or sharp angle in the direction of rotation of the fan.
The opposite edge of each of the blades disposed and angled like the opposite
edge but is arranged in advance of the opposite edge in the direction of rotation of
the fan so that at all or most of the main body of the blade in cross section is
situated in or about an equal angle to the transverse axis of the fan. Both edges of
the blades are bent to an angle to the main body of the blade so as to lie in or about
planes of rotation of the fan. The outer ends of the blades are bent over and
connected to the ring so as to form portions which as the fan rotates collect the
air and pass it with considerable force through the spaces between the blades so as
to prevent injurious spreading of the ejected air. The body of the blades from the
back edge to the front edge instead of being flat or straight in cross section may be
curved or it may be in the form of a double or reversed curve or what is known as
the "OG" curve the edge of one blade being arranged to overlap the opposite
edge of the adjacent blade and the ends of the blades being closed in at the
periphery so as to form buckets. In this construction the edges of the blades may
extend in radial or tangential lines from the boss to the ring and the edges be
strengthened by turned over or attached ribs.
Dated this 20th dox of Mov 1803
J. H. JOHNSON & Co.,
47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, W.C., Agents.

page_text: Improvements in Fans or Apparatus for Inducing Air Currents.
We JAMES HENRY PICKUP of Britannia Works, Bury in the County of
Lancaster Engineer, THOMAS HENRY ASHWORTH of Britannia Works aforesaid,
Foreman of Engineering Department, and JOHN WATERS of Britannia Works
aforesaid, Copper Smith and JAMES BYROM of Woolfold, Bury aforesaid,
Contractor, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner
the same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement :-
This invention relating to fans or apparatus for inducing air currents has for its
object to combine strength with lightness and efficiency, and consists in forming
the blades of the fan in such a way that they will be efficient and strong even in
large sizes although they may be made of light or thin metal. They are moreover
of such form that by the revolutions of the fan the blades will more effectually
collect and pass air through and from the fan than is the case with fans hitherto in
use and without the blades becoming bent or distorted.
According to this invention the blades of the fan may be made of light metal if
desired and may be each made of a single piece bent to the required shape or each
blade may be made of several pieces soldered or otherwise connected together to
give the desired form. Each blade is connected at its inner end to two collars or
bosses arranged at a distance apart equal to the depth or width of the fan. The
outer ends of the blades being connected to a ring which may be arranged concentric
to and in the plane of one of the collars or bosses. One edge of each of the blades
is situated in or about this plane and extends for part of the distance from the boss
to the ring in the direction of a tangent to the boss the remainder of the edge of
the blades extends at a sharp or quick angle in the direction of rotation of the fan.
The leading edge of each of the blades is disposed and angled like the opposite edge
but is arranged in advance of the opposite edge in the direction of rotation of the
fan so that all or most of the main body of the blade in cross section is situated in
or about an equal angle to the transverse axis of the fan. Both edges of the blades
are bent to an angle to the main body of the blade so as to lie in or about planes of
rotation of the fan. The outer ends of the blades are bent over and connected to
the ring so as to form portions which as the fan rotates collect the air and pass it
with considerable force through the spaces between the blades so as to prevent
objectionable currents of the ejected air. The body of the blades from the back
edge to the front edge instead of being flat or straight in cross section may be
curved or it may be in the form of a double or reversed curve or what is known as
the "O G curve the edge of one blade being arranged to overlap the opposite
edge of the adjacent blade and the ends of the blades being closed in at the
periphery so as to form buckets or scoops. In this construction the edges of the
blades may extend in radial or tangential lines from the boss to the ring and
the edges be strengthened by turned over or attached ribs.
"
Figures 1 and 2 of the accompanying drawing represent in elevation and plan
respectively a fan or air current iuducer constructed according to this invention.
A A' are two collars or bosses by which the fan is fixed on a shaft or spindle which
may be mounted in suitable bearings in a frame arranged in proximity to the place
where the fan is to be used the spindle and consequently the fan being rotated by
any suitable motive power. The collars or bosses A A' are arranged at a distance
apart about equal to the depth of the fan and have connected thereto by
bolts C and C' the inner ends of the vanes or blades B.
Each vane or blade B, as shewn in the drawing, is made from a single piece of
light thin sheet metal, but if desired it may be made of two or more pieces
connected together by soldering or otherwise. The outer ends of the vanes or

page_text: blades are rivetted or otherwise connected to a hoop or ring D arranged concentric
to the collars or bosses A A' and with the outer edge d of the said hoop or ring in
the plane of the edge a' of the collar or boss A and in or about this plane is
situated one edge of each of the vanes or blades B whilst the opposite edge 6 of
each vane or blade is in the plane of the edge a of the collar or boss A. The edge b'
of each vane or blade extends for about one-half its length in a direction tangential
to the collar or boss A³ towards the hoop or ring D and then turns with a sharp or
quick curve as at 6 in the direction of rotation of the fan and then proceeds in a
straight or approximately straight line to the said hoop or ring. The opposite
edge 6 of each of the vanes or blades B is angled and arranged in a similar manner
with reference to the collar or boss A and is disposed parallel to the edge but in
advance thereof in the direction of rotation of the fan the breadth of the vanes
being such as to occupy a parallel space between the collars or bosses A. A² and the
ring or hoop D. The edges of the blades are bent to an angle to the main
body B so as to lie in the plane of rotation of the fan thereby strengthening and
giving rigidity to the blades which may further be strengthened by forming a bead
or soldering a wire along the edges as shewn and the edges are curved so as to
conduct the air from the fan in a direction at or about right angles to its plane
of rotation.
The outer ends of the vanes or blades are bent over in the direction of the
rotation of the fan as shewn at 6 the bent over portion being connected to the ring
or hoop D so that the vanes or blades are held rigidly between the said hoop or
ring and the collars or bosses A A³. The bent over portion 61 in conjunction with
the leading edges of the vanes or blades serve to collect the air when the fan is
rotating the air passing thence with force through the spaces between the vanes or
blades and past the edges 6.
A fan constructed according to this invention is very efficient, light and strong
and may be used for exhausting vitiated air from apartments in which case the
edges of the vanes or blades are arranged towards the interior of the apartment
and when fresh air is to be drawn into an apartment the fan is arranged with the
edges 6 of the vanes or blades towards the interior of the said apartment.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what we
claim is :-
:-
or formed
A fan or apparatus for inducing currents of air constructed
substantially as hereinbefore described and illustrated by the accompanying
drawing.
Dated this 20th day of January 1894.
JOHNSONS & WILLCOX,
Agents.