Improvements in Hinges or Hinge-plates applicable for use on Doors, Casement Windows, or the like.
Year: 1893

page_text: Date of Application, 30th Mar., 1893-Accepted, 10th June, 1893
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Hinges or Hinge-plates applicable for use on
Doors, Casement Windows, or the like.
I, WILHELM HEGENSCHEIDT, of Ratibor, Prussia, in the Empire of Germany,
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement :-
This invention relates to a hingeless fitting for doors casement-windows, or the
like, adapted for use as a simple and economical substitute for the hinges hitherto
used in connection with doors and windows and calculated to improve and facilitate
the closing and opening operations.
The invention consists in arranging at the turning point of the doors or casement-
windows, i.e. the points usually occupied by hinges, plates provided respectively
with pins and slots arranged to move or slide on or in each other; such plates being
intended to replace the hinges and other devices hitherto ordinarily applied to
doors and casement-windows.
In the accompanying drawings
Fig. 1 is a door or window fitting constructed in accordance with this invention
in its simplest form and in the position it occupies when the door or leaf to which it
is applied (here supposed to be the left one) is closed.
Fig. 2 represents the same when the door or window-leaf is open.
Figs. 3 to 5 represent a modified arrangement of the fitting.
Figs. 6 and 7 illustrate another modification particularly suited for casement-
windows and cupboard or wardrobe doors.
Fig. 8 shows two closing-plates one for the left and one for the right leaf, such
as would be required if the form of fitting represented in Figs. 6 and 7 were applied
to the meeting bars of a window-frame.
Fig. 9 represents a window-leaf provided with fittings constructed in accordance
with this invention.
Fig. 94 illustrates the manner in which the meeting surfaces of the two leaves
are bevelled; and
Figs. 10 to 14 illustrate a further modification of the fittings as they appear when
the door or window is closed and when it is open respectively, both the spring
shown in the arrangement Figs. 6 and 7 and the plates shown in Fig. 8 being in
this case dispensed with.
It is obviously immaterial whether the slotted plates are attached to the frame
and those carrying the pins to the door or window-leaf or vice versa. Only one of
these alternative arrangements therefore will be hereinafter referred to.
In the form of fitting shown in Figs. 1 and 2, it is assumed that a square plate P
provided with a curved slot a' and a straight one is attached to the top and
bottom of the door or window-frame or to the top and bottom of the door or window.
This part serves for supporting and guiding the door or window-the narrow piece C
being adapted to engage by means of its pin a with the slot a' and by means of its
pin 6 with the slot 6 of the square plate P.
When the door is closed these two parts assume the position illustrated in Fig. 1,
the opening of the leaf being prevented by the fact that the two pins a and b are
locked and that the narrow piece C is not capable of any lateral displacement.
When it is desired to open the door or window (the left one in this instance) it
must be shifted to the right a sufficient distance to enable the pin a to take
up its position in front of the slot a. Not till this is done can the leaf be swung
Loven

page_text: For closing such leaf it will be understood that the operation is repeated in the
reverse order.
Owing to the arrangement of the slots a' and 1 as shown, the extent of motion
of the door or window-leaf is naturally a limited one and may be predetermined so
as to avoid any possibility of the turned-back leaf striking the wall or the like. If
however it be desired that the door or window should be capable of opening very
wide it is only necessary slightly to modify the fitting as illustrated in Figs. 3 to 5.
Fig. 3 shows the upper fitting so modified in the "closed" position. Fig. 4 shows
the lower fitting in the " open" position and Fig. 5 shows the lower fitting in the
"closed" position.
b
Similarly to the first-described arrangement these fittings also consist of two
main parts P and C of which one, for example P, is secured to the frame and the
other, say C, to the door or window. P carries the guide-pins a and b. C is slotted
at a¹ and b¹. The modification is that while in the first arrangement the slot a¹,
which receives the pin a, has a curved shape, and the slot &' receiving the pin b is
straight and only just large enongh to allow of the leaf being shifted sideways to a
certain extent, so as to bring up and into the slot and thereby obtain a hinge-
like arrangement, both slots are here curved and practically parallel to each other.
The slots of the upper fittings are closed at their outer ends, while those of the
lower fittings are open at their outer ends and extend throughout the portion C
(Figs. 4 and 5). This enables the door or window-leaf to he readily fitted in
position by simply passing it on to the pins at the top when the lower part may
easily be slid in place.
Both in the upper and lower fittings the slots are so formed that when the door
or window is closed both pins are situated at the inner end of their respective slots,
the pin a entering moreover a lateral curve or extension provided for the purpose
in the slot a'. The door or window therefore cannot be opened unless it is shifted
in the direction of the arrow sufficiently to release the pin a and to enable it freely
to slide within a¹.
Owing to this arrangement of the slots a' and when the door or window is
opened its pivot is not as in the before mentioned arrangement retained at one
point, nor is its extent of motion limited to a short distance; but what happens is
that the rotating axis or pivot is here shifted and made to leave the frame owing to
the shape of the guide-slot 6' when the door or window is opened. The angle of
rotation is therefore considerably increased and the motion of the leaf materially
facilitated.
At their outer ends i.e. the parts where the pins take up their position when the
door or window-leaf is opened, the slots of the lower fittings are not parallel but
directed towards each other whereby the pins are prevented, when the door or
window is fully opened from escaping from the slots and thereby causing the door
or window-leaves to unhinge accidentally or of their own accord.
When however it is actually required to unhinge or unhook a door or window-
leaf after it has been opened to the full extent it is only necessary to draw it
towards the centre in the horizontal direction when both pins in succession will
leave their respective slots and be severed from the counter-parts of the fittings.
In the arrangement shown in Figs. 6 to 8 the plate C is adapted to slide by
means of its pina in the slot a', of the plate P, which is here supposed to be secured
to the frame R (Fig. 9) and a spring F acting upon the said pin a serves to retain
the same in position while the window-leaf is being thrown open. The fitting
which is secured to the lower edge of each door or window-leaf, at its point of
rotation, and which in construction is similar to the upper fitting, carries an
additional plate B fixed to the frame R (Fig. 7) whereon a rotary slide D is
arranged for the purpose of opening or closing as may be required, the open slide a
which extends in the plate P right to the front whereby the removal and replacement
as the case may be of the door or window-leaf is facilitated.
When it is desired to open the door or window provided with the form of fittings
shown in Fig. 9 upon opening the ordinary bolt, the right leaf is first moved some-
5

page_text: what to the left and at the same time pulled forward, whereby the closing-plate G
(Figs. 8 and 9) of which there is one at the upper and one at the lower part of the
window-cross or framing,-owing to the direction in which its slot extends-slips off
the pin 62, whereupon the leaf may be swung open. The proceeding in regard to
the left leaf, when it is desired to open it is of course the same except that it is
in the first instance shifted to the right instead of to the left. As in opening and
closing windows provided with these fittings a slight lateral displacement is required,
the leaves at their meeting surfaces should not be straight or rectangular, but inclined
or bevelled as illustrated in Fig. 9^.
To dispense with a spring such as F, which is apt to be damaged by rust or to
lose its elasticity or power through frequent use and wear, and in order also to
dispense with the additional plates g and g' fitted to the window-cross or framing so
as upon the whole still more to simplify the construction and operation of the fittings,
they may be further modified as represented in Figs. 10 to 14 where it will be seen
that the pins a instead of being round as in the above mentioned arrangements are
oval, elliptic or more or less flattened form in section, while the slots in the plates P
are not of uniform width from end to end, but are divided into two parts of
unequal size.
When the door or window-leaf is closed, the pin a lies in the narrow portion a' of
the slot, whereby the said pin the plate C and consequently the leaf itself are pre-
vented from turning. If it be desired to open the door or window the leaf to be
opened, must be first moved in the direction of the arrow a sufficient distance to
permit the pin a to be disengaged from the reduced portion a¹ of the slot and to
enter the wider portion a² thereof, the greater width of which enables the pin
to rotate therein. In this arrangement no further limit is set to the rotary motion
when the door or window is to be closed again, it is only necessary to turn back the
leaf and return the pin or pivot a into the retaining portion a' of the slot.
Where it is desired to dispense with the spring F, the plate C in addition to the
pin a carries another pin d engaging with the portion a² of the slot of the plate P.
This slot portion a² is so formed that when the door or window-leaf is turned, the
pin d is always properly guided.
The open door or window leaf may by means of this additional pin d and any
suitable auxiliary device be retained in position. For example the pin d
the leaf is fully opened loosely enter the plate C, when it will of its own accord
may when
engage with a perforated projection c formed on the plate P which in this case is
arranged angularly. To close the leaf again it is only necessary to lift the pin d by
hand out of engagement with the said projection c when the leaf
to the "closed" position.
་
may be swung back
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is,
1. A door or window fitting in which guide-pins and pivots are adapted to move
in slots which are so formed that the two parts of the fitting may by being moved
to certain positions be made incapable of rotary motion in relation to each other
substantially as described.
2. In a fitting such as claimed in the first claim the provision of guide-slots
substantially concentric or parallel to each other whereby when the door or window-
eaf is opened the axis of rotation or pivot may be removed or released from the
door or window-frame so that the door or window may be opened to any desired
extent and its movements made easy, substantially as described.
3. In a fitting such as claimed in the first claim the arrangement in which plates
uch as C provided with pins a are adapted to operate in connection with slotted plates
uch as P'in whose slots the said pins are arranged to slide the arrangement being
ontrolled by a spring such as F the plates C and P being secured in the proper
elation to each other one to the frame and the other to the leaf of the door or
indow in combination with closing-plates such as G G' also slotted and secured to
"

page_text: the cross-bars or inner framing of the window or door one at the top and one below
their slots being adapted to receive pins 62 secured to the frame or vice versa when
the door or window is closed substantially as described and illustrated in the.
accompanying drawings.
4. In the arrangement claimed in the third claim closing the open slots a¹ of the
lower fittings by means of a circularly sliding plate such as D mounted in or on
the plate P whereby the door or window leaves may be readily disconnected from
or re-fitted in their frames substantially as described and illustrated in the accom-
panying drawings.
5. In a fitting such as claimed in the first claim the provision on plate C of a pin
such as a of oval elliptic or flattened form and on the plate P of a slot consisting of
two parts of unequal width one of which a¹ keeps the door or window-leaf closed
until the pin a enters the portion a² which allows of its being rotated therein sub-
stantially as described and illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
6. In a fitting such as claimed in the fifth claim the arrangement of an additional
pin such as d upon the plate C which pin either when the door or window is opened
or when it is closed enters and is guided by the portion a² of the slot and may be
loosely fitted in such a manner that when the door or window is opened to the full
extent the said pin in combination with a slotted or perforated projection such as c
provided on the plate P locks the door or window-leaf in position substantially as
described and illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
Dated this 30th day of March 1893.
W. P. THOMPSON & BOULT,
Agents for the Applicant.