Improvements in or connected with Explosion Engines.
Year: 1897

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in or connected with Explosion Engines. ¨
We, WILLIAM HORNSBY and ROBERT EDWARDS, both of Spittlegate Iron Works,
Grantham, in the County of Lincoln, Engineers, do hereby declare the nature
of this invention to be as follows:-
This invention relates to improvements in explosion engines of the kind form-
ing the subject of Letters Patent Nos. 7146 of 1890, 15994 of 1890, 3909 of 1892
and 6933 of 1896, wherein to start the engine the vaporizer has to be heated.
In practice the most simple way of heating the vaporizer is to make use of a
lamp, but in some cases the heat or flame of a lamp are objectionable such for
example in places where the air is charged with inflammable gas or vapour.
Now the object of the present improvements is to heat the vaporizer internally
and we propose to effect this in the manner hereinafter more particularly described
and thereby guard against the danger which might result from the employment of
an external. lamp.
To this end we construct the engine substantially in the manner described in
the specification of the said former patents, but instead of heating the vaporizer
externally by means of a lamp we cause the engine on its suction stroke to draw
in some or the whole of the air that is taken in at the air inlet valve, passing it
previously over or through light spirit such as benzoline or gasoline, thereby
making it sufficiently explosive when compressed into the vaporizer so that an
electric spark (produced by any well known means) and induced in the vaporizer
is able to ignite it, thus causing an explosion which propels the engine. After the
engine has been working a short time the internal heat caused inside the vaporizer
by the combustion of the air and explosive vapour heats it up sufficiently, so that a
heavier oil can then be injected, in the usual manner by the pump, the vaporizer
being hot enough to vaporize this oil and at the same time cause the necessary
ignitions, as is usual with this type of engine when working under its normal
conditions; the electric spark can then be dispensed with (though it can be
retained if desired. In some cases, instead of the air being charged with benzoline
or gasoline vapour, we inject the benzoline or gasoline direct into the vaporizer
with a pump, so that with the air sucked in the inlet valve when compressed into
the vaporizer, it forms an explosive mixture that the electric spark can then ignite,
the after processes remaining as before. In some cases also we combine at the
same time the two above plans, of taking benzoline vapour mixed with air, and
injecting the spirit itself, into the vaporiser.
In some cases we can effect the internal heating of the vaporizer and ignition
of the explosive mixture by means of a coil in the vaporizer through which a
current of electricity is passed.
כי

page_text: Improvements in or connected with Explosion Engines.
We, WILLIAM HORNSBY and ROBERT EDWARDS, both of Spittlegate Iron Works,
Grantham, in the County of Lincoln, Engineers, do hereby declare the nature
of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
This invention relates to improvements in explosion engines of the kind form-
ing, the subject of Letters Patent Nos. 7146 of 1890, 15994 of 1890, 3909 of 1892
and 6933 of 1896, wherein to start the engine the vaporizer has to be heated.
In practice the most simple way of heating the vaporizer is to make use of a
lamp, but in some cases the heat or flame of a lamp is objectionable as for example
in places where the atmosphere is charged with inflammable gas or vapour.
Now the object of the present improvements is to heat the vaporizer internally
and thereby guard against the danger which might result from the employment of
an external lamp and we propose to effect this by working the engine at starting
with explosive charges of vapour of benzoline, gasoline or other light spirit and
air ignited by electricity.
In carrying our invention into practice we construct the engine substantially
in the manner described in the specification of the said former patents, and we provide
a carburetting apparatus which can be connected with the air inlet passage of the
engine, in such a manner that the whole or part of the air that is taken in at the
air inlet valve during the suction stroke of the engine is caused to pass over or
through benzoline, gasoline or any other suitable light or inflammable oils or spirit
thereby making it sufficiently explosive when compressed into the vaporizer for
an electric spark (produced by any well known means) in the vaporizer to ignite
it, thus causing an explosion which propels the piston. After the engine has
been working a short time the heat generated inside the vaporizer by the com-
bustion of the explosive vapour heats it up to such an extent that a heavy oil,
injected in the usual manner by the pump, will be vaporized and the charges
ignited as is usual with this type of engine when working under its normal
conditions; the electric spark can then be dispensed with (though it can be
retained if desired).
To enable our invention to be fully understood we will describe the same as
applied to an engine of the kind hereinbefore referred to the drawing being a
diagrammatic view shewn partly in section and partly in elevation or plan.
a is the working cylinder, 6 the piston working therein, c the vapouriser in open
communication with the cylinder a through the contracted neck d, e the inlet for
the liquid hydrocarbon in the vapouriser c, f the pump for introducing the said
liquid hydrocarbon from the tank 7, h the air inlet valve for admitting air through
the passage i which passage is provided with a valve j for regulating the supply
of air and k the exhaust valve, all of which parts are arranged substantially in the
manner described in the specifications before referred to and therefore require no
further description herein.
7 is a carburetter of any ordinary or suitable construction which has an air
inlet opening and is also connected by a pipe m with the usual air passage i of the
engine in such a manner that when the valve in the said air passage is wholly
or partially closed, air will be, drawn through the carburetter and the pipe m into
the cylinder a past the valve h on the outstroke of the piston 6 and will on the

page_text: return stroke of the piston 6 when the valve h is closed be forced through the
contracted neck d into the usual vapouriser c.
n is a cock placed in the pipe m for controlling the passage of the carburetted
air through the pipe m.
o, o are the electric terminals of an igniter which are placed in connection with
a source of electricity, for instance with a battery p, the said terminals being
arranged, in the usual manner so that the current will spark between them. The
circuit of the battery p contains a contact maker which is controlled by the
movements of the engine in such a manner that the circuit will be closed at the
proper time when the piston is at the end of its instroke to ignite the charge which
has been forced into the vapouriser or combustion chamber c.
g is a cock which is arranged between the oil reservoir g and the pump f for
shutting off the supply of oil to the said pump.
In starting an engine with our apparatus the cock q is closed and the cock n is
opened so that on the outstroke of the piston which is produced in any suitable
manner, for instance by manual power, a charge of carburetted air will be drawn
into the cylinder a which charge on the backward stroke will be forced into the
combustion chamber c. When this has been effected the said charge will be
ignited by the electric spark between the terminals o, o whereupon the piston 6 will
be forced outwards by the explosion and thereafter continue to work by the
When the
explosion of the successive charges drawn through the pipe m.
vapouriser has become sufficiently hot to vapourise and ignite the usual oil with
which the engine is intended to work the cock n is closed and the cock 9 is opened
so that the usual oil will be injected into the vapouriser by the pump f and air
will enter the cylinder through the passage the valve having been previously
opened to the desired extent.
In some cases, instead of the air being charged with benzoline or other
inflammable oils or spirits as herein before described, we inject such spirit or oil
direct into the vapourizer with a pump, so that when the air drawn in through
the inlet valve is compressed into the vaporizer, an explosive mixture is formed
which the electric spark can then ignite, the after processes remaining as before.
Also we can combine at the same time the two above plans, of taking benzoline
or other inflammable vapour mixed with air, and injecting the spirit itself, into the
vapouriser.
Furthermore we can effect the internal heating of the vaporizer and ignition of
the explosive mixture by means of a coil in the vaporizer through which a current
of electricity is passed.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what
we claim is:-
1. The method of heating the vaporizer of an explosion engine using heavy
oil as fuel without the use of an external lamp, consisting in working the engine at
starting with explosive charges of vapour of benzoline, gasoline or other light
spirit and air ignited by electricity, substantially as described.
2. The combination with an internal combustion engine designed to use heavy
on the
oil as fuel, of an air carburetting apparatus through which
outstroke of the piston air will be drawn into the cylinder, being carburetted
in its passage through the said carburetter, an electrical igniting device in the
combustion chamber of the said cylinder, and means for shutting off the usual
supplies of heavy oil and air during the time that the carburetted air is being
used for working the engine and for shutting off the supply of carburetted air
during the time that the vapourised heavy oil in admixture with air is being
used for working the engine, substantially as described.
3. The combination with an internal combustion engine designed to use heavy
oil as fuel of means for injecting, volatile spirit into the air suction pipe or directly

page_text: into the combustion chamber or vapourizer, substantially as, and for the purpose,
described.
תונת
A
1000
G. F. REDFERN & Co.,
4, South Street, Finsbury, London,. Agents for the Applicants.