IMPROVEMENTS IN PREPARING COLORING MATTERS POR DYEING AND PRINTING
Year: 1861

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Charles Adam Girard, of 17, Boulevard du Temple,
Paris, in the Empire of France, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
PREPARING COLORING MATTERS POR DYEING AND PRINTING."-Partly a com-
munication from abroad by Mr. Georges de Laire, of the Mint, in
Paris.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Charles Adam Girard at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
12th January 1861.
I, CHARLES ADAM GIRARD, of 17, Boulevard du Temple, Paris, in the
Empire of France, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "In-
PROVEMENTS IN PREPARING COLORING MATTERS FOR DYEING AND PRINTING," to be
as follows:-
For these purposes red aniline dye is purified and mixed with a quantity of
aniline. The proportions which I prefer to employ are about equal quantities
of aniline and of red aniline dye. The mixture is maintained for several hours
at a temperature between 155° and 180° (centigrade), and as nearly as pos-
sible to 165°. The substance, which is now violet, is boiled with a mixture of

page_text: water and bydrochloric acid. The excess of aniline and of red dye which has
not been transformed is dissolved, and a violet residue remains. This residue
is completely soluble in alcohols, acetic acid, wood spirit, and boiling water
slightly acidulated with acetic acid. All these solutions may be employed
directly for dyeing violet. In order to obtain the blue dye the violet mass is
boiled several times with hydrochloric acid diluted with a small quantity of
water and then washed with boiling water. The substance thus obtained is a
blue having a beautiful coppery lustre. To employ this color in dyeing it is
sufficient to dissolve it in vinegar, or alcohol, or wood spirit, and to dilute
these solutions with a convenient quantity of water. I would state that liquids
obtained by treating the violet mass with hydrochloric acid and water contain,
as I have said, hydrochlorate of aniline and red dye. They are precipitated by
an alkali, and auiline, which may be purified by distillation, is thus recovered.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Charles Adam Girard in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 12th July 1861.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, CHARLES
ADAM GIRARD, of 17, Boulevard du Temple, Paris, in the Empire of France,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twelfth day of January, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-one, in the twenty-fourth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said Charles Adam Girard, Her special licence, that I, the said Charles
Adam Girard, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as
I, the said Charles Adam Girard, my executors, administrators, and assigns,
should at any time agree with, and no others from time to time and at all
times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "In-
PROVEMENTS IN PREPARING COLORING MATTERS FOR DYEING AND PRINTING," the
result partly of communication from abroad made to me by Mr. Georges
de Laire, of the Mint, in Paris, and partly of invention and discovery made by
myself, upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Charles Adam
Girard, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under
my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and

page_text: ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent
Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of
the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Charles Adam Girard, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is
to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by tho
following statement thereof, that is to say:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in preparing coloring matters
for dyeing and printing. For these purposes I take red aniline dye, a sub-
stance now well known, and which is prepared from aniline, or more commonly
from a mixture of aniline with its homologues, and which may be prepared
from the homologues of aniline, and this die having been purified in the usual
manner is mixed with a quantity of aniline. The proportions which I prefer
to employ are about equal quantities by weight of aniline or its homologuo
and of red aniline dye. The mixture is maintained for several hours (say about
five or six) at a temperature between 155° and 180° (centigrade), and as
nearly as possible to 165°. The substance, which is now violet, is boiled with
a mixture of water and hydrochloric acid, say ten or twelve parts of acid to
one of the substance, the acid being mixed with a large quantity of water, and
the boiling is continued until the washing is complete. The excess of aniline
and of red dye which has not been transformed is dissolved, and a violet residue
remains. This residue is completely soluble in alcohol, acetic acid, wood spirit,
and boiling water slightly acidulated with acetic acid. All these solutions may
be employed directly for dyeing violet. In order to obtain the blue dye, the
violet mass is boiled several times with hydrochloric acid diluted with a small-
quantity of water, say ten parts of hydrochloric acid of commercial strength to
one hundred parts of water, and then washed with boiling water, the boilings
being continued until the operation is complete, as will be readily ascertained
from the appearance of the dye. The substance thus obtained is a blue having
a beautiful coppery lustre. To employ this color in dyeing it is sufficient to
dissolve it in concentrated acetic acid, alcohol, or wood spirit, and to dilute
these solutions with a convenient quantity of water. I would state that liquids
obtained by treating the violet mass with hydrochloric acid and water contain
hydrochlorate of aniline and red dyo; they are precipitated by an alkali, and
aniline, which may be purified by distillation, is thus recovered. I would also
remark that, in place of first preparing a red dye and purifying the same, a
similar result may be obtained by treating aniline with reagents, such as are
ordinarily employed to convert it into red dye, but using an excess of aniline,

page_text: so that the first action is to convert a part of the aniline into red dye, and
then, the heat being maintained as herein-before mentioned, the excess of
aniline converts the red dye into the violet substance; I prefer, however, to
conduct the process in the manner first described.
Having thus described the nature of my Invention and the manner of
performing the same, I would have it understood that what I claim is, the
treating red aniline dye with aniline or its homologue so as to transform it into
other dyes, as herein-before described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Charles Adam Girard, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Eighth day of July, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-one.
CHARLES ADAM GIRARD. (L.S.)