Improvements in Automatio Brakes for Carriages.
Year: 1894

page_text: Date of Application;. 2010 July, 1884
Complete Specification Left. 18th Feb., 1895-Accepted, 30th Mar., 1895'
Date of Application;. 2010 July, 1037
Complete Specification Left. 18th Feb., 1895-Accepted, 30th Mar., 1895'
Improvements in Automatio Brakes for Carriages.
A communication to me from ADOLF KLIETSCH, School Master, and LOUIS
HOFFMANN, Merchant, both of Goerlitz, in the Empire of Germany.
I, EDMUND EDWARDS, of the Firm of Edwards and Co., Patent Agents and
Engineers, of 65 and 66, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby
declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
This invention relates to brakes for carriages of any kind, and it has for its
object a novel method of construction by which the brake is automatically applied
when the carriage is running down hill, whilst in running on a horizontal road, the
brake is automatically taken out of operation. The brake operates in such
a manner that its action corresponds with the amount of load in the carriage.
For this purpose the carriage axles are pivotally connected to the carriage in
such a manner that in running down-hill, the axles are moved in obliquely, in such
manner that the brake is applied. In running on a horizontal road, the axles
return to their normal position, and the brake is brought out of operation.
In order to pivotally connect the axles to the under carriage, I provide them
with projections above, to which a plate is pivotted or jointed by means of a pin.
The joint upon the front axle is bevelled at its right side, at an angle of about 12°
to 15°, while the joint of the rear axle is bevelled at its left side. The springs or
the body of the carriage are secured upon the plates which carry the joints.
The front axle is fitted with pins, to which a forked draw-bar is pirotted. This
bar is provided with an arm projecting upwards, through which the front end of a
forked lever passes. The front part of the said lever serves to hold in position the
pole of the carriage, whilst the back forked ends of the said lever are connected
by links to a transverse bar to which the brake-shoes are secured. At or near the
centre of the transverse bar, is jointed an arm, the forward end of which is jointed
to a horizontal arm fixed upon the axle, and projecting backward.
The action of the brake on the front axle is as follows:-
On a horizontal road the brake is out of operation, but in running down hill,
the plates carrying the joints move somewhat forward, and the axle is tilted
back somewhat, so that the projecting bar fixed upon it is turned somewhat'
upward, and by means of the link connected to it brings the brake into operation
against the wheels.
The hind carriage-wheels are braked in a similar manner; the connection of the
hind axle to the under carriage being the same as in the front. The hind axlé is.
connected to a lever which is connected in turn to another lever. The last-named
lever is arranged upon a shaft provided with the brake-shoes. In order to guide
the brake-shoes, they are suspended on a rod, which is pivotted to the carriage.
In a backward movement upon a hill, the hind axle will come into an
inclined or tilted position, so as to apply the brake-shoes by means of the said.
levers.
As already stated, the brake is automatically taken out of operation, that is-
to say, upon a horizontal road the axles return again to their original position..
The above-described method of construction and operation has the advantage
that it may be applied easily and quickly to vehicles of any kind: In cases
where the improved brake is to be applied to a carriage already in use, it is
only necessary to fit the pins to a sleeve, and to fix the latter upon the axle.

page_text: A further advantage consists in the fact that the springs may be omitted if
required.
It is to be understood that the action of the brake corresponds always with the
steepness of the hill, and with the load upon the carriage, for, the greater the
steepness and the load, the greater is the said action, and vice versa.
Dated this 23rd day of July 1894.
EDWARDS & Co.,
65 and 66, Chancery Lane, London, Agents for the Applicant.
A communication to me from ADOLF KLIETSCH, School Master, and Louis
HOFFMANN, Merchant, both of Goerlitz, in the Empire of Germany.
I, EDMUND EDWARDS, of the Firm of Edwards and Co., Patent Agents and
Engineers, of 65 and 66, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby
declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement and accompanying drawings, that is to say :—
This invention relates to brakes for carriages of any kind, and it has for its
object a novel method of construction by which the brake is automatically applied
when the carriage is running down hill, whilst in running on a horizontal road,
the brake is automatically taken out of operation. The brake operates in such
a manner that its action corresponds with the amount of load in the carriage.
For this purpose the carriage axles are pivotally connected to the carriage in
such a manner that in running down-hill, the axles are moved in obliquely, in such
manner that the brake is applied. In running on a horizontal road, the axles
return to their normal position, and the brake is brought out of operation.
The accompanying drawing is in illustration of the invention,
Figure 1 being a longitudinal section of a carriage fitted with a brake device
according to the invention;
Figure 2 is a plan thereof, and
Figures 3 to 6 represent details on a larger scale.
Similar reference letters indicate similar parts throughout the different figures.
In order to put the invention in operation, I pivotally connect the axle-trees to
the frame. This is accomplished by providing the axle-trees a or a with
shoulders (Figure 4) to which a yoke c is pivotted by means of a pio d
(Figures 3 and 5). The yoke of the front axle-tree is bevelled at the right side
at an angle of about 12° to 15° (Figure 3), while the yoke of the hind axle-tree
is bevelled at the left side (Figure 6). The yokes are provided with a plate c¹
to which the springs e (Figure 1) and the frame are secured.
The front axle-tree a is fitted with shoulders f (Figure 2), to which the forked
draw-bar g is pivotted. This bar is provided with an arm gl which projects upward,
and through which a forked lever h passes. As shewn in Figure 2 the lever h is
also forked at the front part, in order to receive the pole g³.
The other end of the said lever is connected to a link i, pivotted on a shaft i¹
to which the brake shoes k, k are secured.
Upon the shaft is fixed a lever which is connected with the axle-tree a by
means of a lever m.
The action of the brake of the front axle-tree is as follows:-
On a horizontal road the axle-tree a and the yoke c are in the position repre-
sented in Figure 3 and the brake is out of operation. When, however, the
vehicle moves down hill, the axle-tree a comes into the position shewn in Figure 5.

page_text: This is effected by reason of a partial revolution which it makes round its
longitudinal axis. This revolution is effected by the pressure of the vehicle upon
the axle-tree. By this movement the axle-tree moves the lever m in the direction
of the arrow indicated in Figure 1, and the brake-shoes k are brought in close
contact with the periphery of the wheels by means of the lever l.
To the hind axle-tree a¹ the brake is applied in a similar mauner; the con-
nection of the hind axle-tree to the frame being the same as in the front one.
The hind axle-tree a¹ is connected to the lever n (Figure 1), which is connected
in turn with a lever o. The said lever o is arranged on a shaft o' provided
with the brake-shoes p, p. In order to guide these brake-shoes they are suspended
on a rod g pivotted to the carriage, (Figure 1).
When the carriage moves backwards upon a hill, and the horses are stopping,
the axle-tree a' makes a partial revolution round its own axis, whereby the lever n
is moved in the direction of the arrow indicated in Figure 1 so as to operate
the brake-shoes p,p by means of the lever o. As above stated, the brake is
automatically taken out of action; that is to say, in moving on a horizontal road,
the axles return again to the position shewn in Figures 3 or 5.
The above described method of construction and operation has the great
advantage, that it may be applied easily and quickly to vehicles of any kind,
for instance, to waggons, carriages, cars, and carts. In cases where the brake
is to be applied to a vehicle already in use, it is only necessary to fix the
shoulders b to a sleeve, and to rigidly secure this sleeve to the axle.
A further advantage consists in the fact that the springs e may be omitted, if
desired. It is to be understood that the pressure exerted by the brakes is
determined by the angle of inclination of the road and the weight of the load ;
the greater the said angle and weight the greater being the said pressure, and
vice versa.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
In automatic brakes for vehicles of any kind the combination of the axles
turning by means of a pivot round their own longitudinal axis, with a lever applying
he brake-shoes to the wheels, substantially as specified and illustrated.
Dated this 15th day of February 1895.
EDWARDS & Co.,
65 and 66, Chancery Lane, London, Agents for the Applicant.