AN In- Gran Hon
Year: 1871

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Edwards, of Wolverhampton, in the
County of Stafford, Manufacturer, for the Invention of "AN In-
Gran Honza"
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Edwards at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
3rd May 1871.
I, WILLIAM EDWARDS, of Wolverhampton, in the County of Stafford,
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"AN IMPROVEMENT OR IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF EDGE TOOLS," to
be as follows, that is to say :—
My Invention consists in combining iron with steel to be used in the
manufacture of edge tools in such manner that the steel shall always
present itself on the cutting edge of the tool and shall be maintained
on such edge until the article is entirely worn away. To effect this I
place a bar of steel between two bars of iron and roll them down
together, the steel being always in the centre. Thus when formed into

page_text: a tool the centre and consequently the edge is always steel whilst the
upper and under surfaces are of iron. Steel iron or steel of any suitable
description may be employed.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said William Edwards in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 2nd November 1871.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
EDWARDS, of Wolverhampton, in the County of Stafford, Manufacturer,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Third day of May, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-one, in the thirty-
fourth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give
and grant unto me, the said William Edwards, Her-special license that
I, the said William Edwards, my executors, administrators, and assigns,
or such others as I, the said William Edwards, my executors, adminis-
trators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others,
from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein
expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend,
within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "AN IMPROVEMENT OR IM-
PROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF EDGE TOOLS," upon the condition
(amongst others) that I, the said William Edwards, my executors or
administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one
of their hands and scals, should particularly describe and ascertain the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to
be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent
Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date
of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said William Edwards, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement, that is to say :—
My Invention consists in combining iron with steel to be used in the
manufacture of edge tools in such manner that the steel shall always

page_text: present itself on the cutting edge of the tool and shall be maintained
on such edge until the article is entirely worn away. To effect this I
place a bar of steel between two bars of iron and roll them down
together, the steel being always in the centre. Thus when formed into
a tool the centre and consequently the edge is always steel, whilst the
upper and under surfaces arc of iron. Steel iron or steel of any suitable
description may be employed.
I will now proceed to describo my Invention more fully in detail by
aid of the Drawings hereunto attached, reference being had to the
letters and figures marked thereon.
Figure 1 represents in sectional view a bar of combined iron and steel
produced according to my Invention with the steel in the centre and
the iron on the top and bottom surfaces. In forming the bar I take
a suitable length of steel iron or puddled steel, bar steel, blister steel,
or cast steel, and place it between two or more bars of ordinary wrought
iron of the requisite guage; this operation is commonly known as
piling" or fagotting." I then heat the pile or fagot in an ordinary
furnace to a welding heat, after which it is passed through rolls in
the usual way so as to produce a bar of homogeneous or compound
metal of suitable dimensions for cutting up into blanks for producing
the articles required.
$5
"8
Figure 2 shows in sectional view a plantation hoe; it will be seen
that the steel runs through the entire central surface of the hoc, so that
in wear and until the hoe is entirely worn out a steel wearing edge will
always be presented.
The form of tool shewn in Figure 2 is represented for the sake of
illustrating the application of my improvements; they are, however,
applicable to every kind of edge tool having a cutting or wearing edge.
In practice I find it preferable to sometimes modify the formation
of the bar by using only one bar of wrought iron and one of steel
welded together in the manner already described, but with the same
object in view, namely, that the articles made shall be steeled throughout
for the wearing edge.
In manufacturing edge tools from the improved bars I employ the
usual mcans.
Having thus described the nature of my said Invention and in what
manner the same is to be carried into effect, I claim without limiting

page_text: myself to these precise details, the improvement or improvements in the
manufacture of edge tools, substantially in manner as herein more
fully set forth and specified.
In witness whercof, I, the said William Edwards, hath hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Thirtieth day of October, in the year E
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-one.
WILLIAM EDWARDS. (L.S.)