Ax IMPROVEMENT IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF ANCHORS
Year: 1866

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Charles Theodore Julius, of Philadelphia, in the
State of Pennsylvania, one of the United States of America, Mariner, at
present residing at Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, for the Inven-
Sealed the 30th November 1866, and dated the 2nd June 1866.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Charles Theodore Julius
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 2nd June 1866.
I, CHARLES THEODORE JULIUS, of Philadelphia, in the State of Pennsylvania,
one of the United States of America, Mariner, at present residing at Liverpool,
in the County of Lancaster, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "Ax IMPROVEMENT IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF ANCHORS," to be as
follows:-
Instead of making the stock of an anchor of one rigid piece or bar, as
hitherto has been the practice, I construct it in two or more pieces or arms
herein-after called stock pieces, and connect or couple them to the shank or
together and to the shank in such manner that they are free to fold or move.
to such an angle as to allow a cable, should one become "foul" of the stock
pieces or shank, to slide or slip over them, and get free on strain being given,
whilst when in holding position the said stock pieces stand outwards at right

page_text: angles to the line of the shank of the anchor, and indeed assume the position
of an ordinary stock.
The construction or arrangement of parts consists in making two stock-
pieces of equal length with apertures therethrough at their inner ends;
these I connect or couple to the shank by bolts or pins, which pass through
them and through apertures in shoulders formed on each side of the said
shank. The shoulders by projecting laterally a short distance beyond the
bolt or pin apertures prevent the stock pieces from folding or moving in the
direction of the flukes to more than a right angle to the length line of the
shank; they, the said shoulders, do not, however, prevent but do allow them,
the said stock pieces, to fold or move outwards and away from the flukes
when necessary to an angle sufficient to allow a cable to slip or slide easily
over one or both of them. The said shoulders swell outwards gradually from
the shank, so as to form a straight line with the outer side of the said stock
pieces when they are folded outwards, and they do not therefore present any
corners on which a cable or other flexible construction can readily be caught
and held.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Charles Theodore Julius in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 80th November 1866.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, CHARLES
THEODORE JULIUS, of Philadelphia, in the State of Pennsylvania, one of the
United States of America, Mariner, at present residing at Liverpool, in the
County of Lancaster, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Second day of June, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-six, in the twenty-ninth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said Charles Theodore Julius, Her special license that I, the said
Charles Theodore Julius, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such
others as I, the said Charles Theodore Julius, my executors, administrators,
and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time
and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and
lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of
Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention
for "AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF ANCHORS," upon the condition

page_text: (amongst others) that I, the said Charles Theodore Julius, my executors or
administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their
hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the
said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause
the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months
next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Charles Theodore Julius, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is
to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement (that is to say) reference being had to the accompanying
Sheet of illustrative Drawings, and to the figures and letters thereon (that is
to say):-
Instead of making the stock of an anchor of one rigid piece or bar, as
hitherto has been the practice, I construct it in two or more pieces or arms,
herein-after called stock pieces, and connect or couple them to the shank, or
together and to the shank, in such manner that they are free to fold or move
to such an angle as to allow a cable, should one become "foul" of the stock
pieces or shank, to slide or slip over them, and get free on strain being given,
whilst when in holding position the said stock pieces stand outwards at right
angles to line of the shank of the anchor, and indeed assume the position of
an ordinary stock.
The construction or arrangement of parts which I prefer consists in making.
two stock pieces of equal length, with apertures therethrough at their inner
ends; these I connect or couple to the shank by bolts or pius, which pass
through them and through apertures in shoulders formed on each side of the
said shauk. The shoulders by projecting laterally a short distance beyond
the bolt or pin apertures prevent the stock pieces from folding or moving in
the direction of the flukes to more than a right angle to the length line of the
shank; they, the said shouldors, do not, however, prevent, but do allow them,
the said stock pieces, to fold or move outwards and away from the flukes.
when necessary to an angle sufficient to allow a cable to slip or slide easily
over one or both of them. The said shoulders swell outwards gradually from
the shank, so as to form a straight line with the outer side of the said stock
pieces when they are folded outwards, and they do not therefore present any
angles on which a cable or other flexible construction can readily be caught
and held.
On the accompanying Sheet of Drawings Fig. 1 represents a side view of
an anchor with stock pieces connected to the shank by two bolts or pins, the
said stock pieces being shewn in the position they would assume to allow a

page_text: cable foul of both of them to get free; Fig. 2 is a like view of part of the
same anchor, shewing its own cable foul and as if getting free from one of the
stock pieces; Fig. 3 is another side view of the same anchor, with the stock
pieces in the position they take when the anchor is on holding or other
ground; Fig. 4 is also a side view of the same anchor, the stock pieces being
removed; and Fig. 5 is a top view of one of the stock pieces detached. Like
letters denote the same parts in all the views. Moveable flukes of a shape
which consider serviceable are shewn in three of these views. I would have
it understood, however, that these form no part of my Invention, the stock.
made of moveable pieces being as suitable for one kind of fluke as another.
a is the shank made thinner at the end where the cable c is attached; dare
the stock pieces, forked at their inner ends, and formed with apertures for the
fastening bolts or pins e. The shoulders prevent the stock pieces from
folding towards the flukes beyond the positions shewn in Fig. 3, and the
shoulders 9 prevent them from folding outwards beyond the positions shewn
in Fig. 1, 9 coming in contact with or forming a bearing for the breech of
the fork. In these views the line of the shoulders and stock pieces when
folded outwards is not exactly straight, still it is so formed that there are no
angles on which a cable can be caught and held.
Figs. 6, 7, and 8 are views of part of a shank and stock piece illustrative
of another modification of my Invention, in which two pins or bolts, here
marked h, are employed for connecting the stock pieces i to the shank j. Two
recessed spaces k are formed on each side of the shank, and the ends of the
stock pieces i rest therein. The surfaces at form the bearing shoulders,
which determine the respective movements outwards and inwards of i.
Figs. 9 and 10 are side views of part of a shank of an anchor, the stock
pieces being removed; and Fig. 11 a section at the line A, B, the stock
pieces being attached and connected by one pin or bolt.
m is the shank formed with recesses at both sides, providing in this way
bearing shoulders; n, o, are the stock pieces, both forked and secured by the
pin or bolt p.
Fig. 11 is a side view of part of an anchor shank; and Fig. 12, a section at
C, D, illustrative of how the stock pieces, one only being forked, are connected
to the shank; q is the shank, with bearing shoulders at r for 8, one of the
stock pieces, and an opening or recess at t for s', the other stock piece. In
this construction only one bolt or pin is used to connect q, s, and s¹.
Fig. 13 is another side view of part of the shank of an anchor; and
Fig. 14 a section at E, F, shewing how two stock pieces similar to those used
in Figs: 11 and 12 are connected together and to the shank by one bolt or

page_text: pin, the latter being here marked u; vis the shank; to, the stock pieces
formed to ship into the opening a, the surfaces y and of which serve as
bearing shoulders.
Having now described the nature of my said Invention, and particularized
the same by various arrangements of parts, I would here state that I do not
confine myself to the details shewn, as many modifications may be made
without departing from the leading features of the said Invention; as an
illustration I may mention that the bearing shoulders might be formed on or
in the stock pieces instead of on or in the shank; what I claim is constructing
ships' anchors with moveable stocks or so-called stock pieces for the purpose
herein set forth.
In witness whereof, I, the said Charles Theodore Julius, have hereunto
set my band and seal, this Twenty-eighth day of November, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-six.
5
In the presence of
JOHN T. KING,
Patent Agent,
L'pool.
CHARLES THEODORE JULIUS. (L.a:)