CERTAIN NEW AND USEFUL IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR GRINDING CARD CYLINDERS OF CARDING ENGINES
Year: 1857

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Jonathan Parker, of the State of Maine, of the
United States of America, for the Invention of "CERTAIN NEW AND
USEFUL IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR GRINDING CARD CYLINDERS OF
CARDING ENGINES."
Scaled the 15th December 1857, and dated the 6th October 1857.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION filed by the said Jonathan Parker, at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition and Declara-
tion, on the 6th October 1857, pursuant to the 9th section of the Patent
Law Amendment Act, 1852.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME,
BE IT KNOWN, that I, JONATHAN PARKER, of the State of Maine, of the
United States of America, have invented "CERTAIN NEW AND USEFUL IMPROVE-
MENTS IN MACHINERY FOR GRINDING CARD CYLINDERS OF CARDING ENGINES," and I
do hereby declare that the nature of my said Invention, and the manner in
which the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following Specification and the accompanying Drawings, of
which Figure 1 exhibits a plan of my improved grinding apparatus and those
parts of a carding machine to which it is applied; Figure 2 is a side elevation
of the same; Figure 3, a vertical and longitudinal section of the grinder, and
the traverse and stop mechanism thereof; Figure 4 is a transverse section of

page_text: said grinder, and its traverse and stop mechanism; Figure 5 is a view of the
double-threaded screw shaft of the grinder; Figure 6 is a separate view of the
slotted shaft which surrounds the screw shaft.
In grinding card cylinders it has been customary to make the emery
grinder or cylinder longer than the card cylinder to be ground by it, such
emery grinder besides a rotary motion having a reciprocating longitudinal
motion given to it. During its operation on the teeth of the card cylinder it
has been always been in action on the entire length of the cylinder at any
moment of time. This kind of grinder, in consequence of this and its extending
by the ends of the cylinder or the frame of the machine, is objectionable, and
does not perform so good work as a grinder made shorter than the cylinder.
In carrying out my Invention or improvement I employ a grinder of a
length much less than the width of the card cylinder or the distance of the
traverse motion of said grinder.
In Figures 1 and 2 of the Drawings, A exhibits the frame of a carding
engine; B, the main card cylinder thereof; and C, the doffer; the same
being arranged and operated in the usual way. Between the cylinder and
the doffer, or as seen in the Drawings, I arrange the grinding cylinder D,
and so that it may operate on the card cylinder and doffer at one and the same
time and grind their teeth, so that their external surfaces may be properly
concentric to the axes of the cylinders, and work together and conform in a
proper manner to one another. By grinding these teeth together or at the
same time by one grinder or instrument, they are found to operate to better
advantage than when ground separately.
The said grinder D I form as a hollow drum or cylindric tube a, provided
with two annular heads b, b, the same being made to encompass and slide
lengthwise on a hollow tubular slotted shaft E, which has a driving pulley G
fixed upon it, for the purpose of putting it in revolution by means of an end-
less band H.traversing around said pulley and the driving pullies I, K, of the
main card cylinder and the doffer. The said tubular shaft E is furnished with
but one.journal d, which is supported by and revolves in a bracket e projecting
from the frame A, as shown in Figures 1 and 2. And besides this, the tubular
shaft E should be constructed with a slot f extending through it, as shown in
the Drawings. This shaft E revolves on a screw shaft F, whose journal is
supported by another bracket g, and has a pulley h affixed to it, as shown in
Figures 1 and 2. The said screw shaft is furnished with a screw helix groove,
which after passing from end to end of the shaft, or nearly so, returns back
upon itself to the point of starting, the same being exhibited at i. Between
the two annular heads of the grinder, and arranged on the shaft E so as to

page_text: slide freely on it is a cylindrical annulus L, having a projection or stud k
extended from it and through the slot f and into. the helix groove of the shaft
F. Furthermore, the said annulus L in its width is less than the distance
between the two heads of the grinder, the same being as shown in Figure 3.
From one head of the grinder a stud m extends into the slot f and prevents
the grinder from rotating around the shaft E, while the said stud presents no
obstruction to the longitudinal movement of the grinder. From the pulley on
the shaft F a band n extends to and about a driving pulley o fixed on the shaft
of the doffer. The several pullies which impart motions to the shafts E and F
should be so formed as to cause one of said shafts to rotate a little slower than
the other. If we suppose the inner shaft F to make fifty-nine revolutions while
the outer shaft E makes sixty, it will readily be seen that the annulus L will
be moved or turned laterally. If the rotary motions of the shaft are continued,
the annulus will be forced against one of the heads of the grinder, and will
cause the grinder to traverse lengthwise on the tubular shaft, and whilst it is
put in revolution by said tubular shaft. The traverse of the grinder is
only such as will carry it from end to end of the card cylinder; when it has
reached either end of the card cylinder it will not immediately commence a
return movement, but will stop its traversing motion until the annulus within
it has been moved up to that head of the grinder opposite to the one against
which it may have been just previously operated. When the annulus is forced
against the said opposite head of the grinder, the said grinder will commence
its traversing motion. The object of thus arresting the traverse motion of the
grinder at the ends of the cylinder is to enable it to grind the card teeth near
the ends of the cylinder uniformly with those which are intermediate. This
will be better understood by the Diagram, Figure 7, and the following
explanation: In this Figure, A may be supposed to represent a card cylinder,
and B the grinder, and that such grinder is to be moved from end to end of
the cylinder, or from the position B' to that of B", and vice versa. During
the passage of the grinder B over the point a', or any point of the cylinder
between a' and c', the entire length of the grinder rubs twice over the point
a', but this is not the case with any point situated between the point a¹ and
the adjacent end of the cylinder. For instance, if we take the point b¹,
situated midway between the said end and the point a', we shall find that
during the traverse motion of the roller B such point 6' will be rubbed or
abraded by but half the extent of surface by which the point a¹ is abraded,
the amount of abrading action on any point diminishing in proportion to the
distance from the point a', such distance being measured in the direction of
the adjacent end of the cylinder. The reason for arresting the traverse motion

page_text: of the grinder for a short time after it has reached the end of the card
cylinder, will thus be obvious.
The annular ring L formed with a projection and arranged in a space so
that said ring or annulus may play from head to head of the grinder, as
described, I term the stop motion. By means of a grinder of a length less
than that of the card cylinder, and made to operate or traverse from end to end
of said cylinder, as described, the usual process of facing and dressing up the
teeth with emery boards or strickles is rendered unnecessary, consequently
much labor usually employed when the long grinder is used is saved.
Having thus described my Invention, I would remark that I claim the
improvement of using a grinder of a length less than that of the card cylinder,
and made to rest only in contact with part and not with the whole length of
the cylinder, and to move across said cylinder from one end to the other
of it.
I also claim the combination of the stop motion or mechanism with the feed
mechanism, or that which produces the reciprocating traverse motion of the
grinder, as specified.
I also claim arranging the grinder, so that it shall operate against the card
cylinder and the doffer at one and the same time, or while it is in revolution
and traversing, as specified.
In testimony whereof, I have hereunto set my signature and seal, this
15th day of September 1857.
JONATHAN PARKER. (L.S.)