matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN CONDENSING EXHAUST OR WASTE STEAM AND IN THE APPARATUS OR MEANS EMPLOYED THEREIN
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Hawthorn at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 27th October 1879.
THOMAS HAWTHORN, of Gateshead on Tyne, in the County of Durham.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN CONDENSING EXHAUST OR WASTE STEAM AND IN THE
APPARATUS OR MEANS EMPLOYED THEREIN."
This Invention relates to improvements in atmospheric surface condensers and in
the application of the same for condensing or partially condensing the exhaust or
waste steam from steam engines or steam boilers, either of the locomotive or
stationary kind. In carrying out my Invention I admit the exhaust or waste
steam into a vessei containing cold or heated water with which the steam becomes
mixed, and I so arrange that the whole inner surface of the vessel, or only that
part of it which is provided for the transmission of the heat to the atmosphere, will
have the mixed condensing water and condensed steam in direct contact with the
surface of the material composing the said vessel, instead of as heretofore allowing
the exhaust steam alone to impinge upon that surface. I make the vessel of any
material and shape as may be most convenient for giving the most effective
radiating surface.
I also provide means for the circulation of the mixed condensing water and
condensed steam in the vessel either directly by the entering waste or exhaust
steam, or by a jet or any other suitable contrivance with the object of causing as
much as possible of the mixed condensing water and condensed steam to be con-
tinually changing contact with the whole radiating surface of the vessel. I am
thus enabled to secure more rapid radiation of heat from the contents of the vessel
to the surrounding atmosphere, and to use the same condensing water and con-
densed steam over and over again for a long time, thus entirely dispensing with
the renewing of the condensing water except to compensate for any small losses
from leakages of steam or water. The interior of the vessel may be either open to
the atmosphere or be closed so as to work under pressure.
The above improved form of condenser and method of working it are specially
applicable to steam tramway locomotives of the type constructed by us.
IMPROVEMENTS IN POCKETS FOR GARMENTS AND OTHER ARTICLES
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Gerard Wenzeslaus von Nawrocki at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 24th November 1879. A
communication by Julius Sakrzewski, of Crefeld, in the German Empire.
GERARD WENZESLAUS VON NAWROCKI, of the Firm of J. Brandt and G. W. v.
Nawrocki, of 124, Leipzigerstrasse, Berlin, Germany, Patent Agent. "IMPROVEMENTS
IN POCKETS FOR GARMENTS AND OTHER ARTICLES." A communication by Julius
Sakrzewski, of Crefeld, in the German Empire.
The Invention relates to a device for automatically informing the person
wearing the pocket or being in close proximity thereto of any attempt to open the
pocket. It consists in providing the pocket with an alarm bell made to sound by
the opening of the cover or flap of the pocket, the bell and striking mechanism
being preferably placed in a casing sewn upon the lining of the garment, between
the latter and the pocket. The striking mechanism may be composed of a hammer
turning on a pin and actuated by a spring, when not counter actuated by a second
spring or detent connected by a link with the cover of the pocket, so that by opening
the said cover one disengages the said spring or detent and causes the bell to be
struck.
AN IMPROVED MOTIVE POWER ENGINE
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Hector Auguste Dufrené at the Office
"
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 29th March 1879. A communication
from Messieurs Plaisance, Mocquard, and Emery, of No. 22, Rue de la Chaussée
d'Antin, Paris, in the Republic of France.
HECTOR AUGUSTE DUFRENÉ, of No. 10, Rue de la Fidélité, Paris, in the Republic
of France, and 4, South Street, Finsbury, London, Civil Engineer and Patent Agent.
AN IMPROVED MOTIVE POWER ENGINE." [A communication from Messieurs
Plaisance, Mocquard, and Emery, of No. 22, Rue de la Chaussée d'Antin, Paris, in
the Republic of France.]
This Invention consists in an improved motive engine working by means of
atmospheric pressure under the effect of the barometric vacuum.
A shaft receives by means of two connecting rods a rotary motion produced by
the action of two pistons moving in two parallel cylinders. Each cylinder is closed
at one end, and communicates with an oscillating cylinder in the form of a U, which
may be placed either horizontally or vertically. When it is placed horizontally and
filled with mercury, as well as the motive cylinder, the piston should be at the end
of the fixed cylinder; the oscillating cylinder is then placed in the vertical position,
the mercury falls, and the barometric vacuum being produced, the piston pushed by
the atmospheric pressure will reënter the fixed cylinder. The oscillating cylinder
then again takes the horizontal position, and the mercury reëntering the fixed cylinder
the piston moves in the contrary direction.
The second fixed cylinder is so placed that its piston and that of the second
oscillating cylinder are the reverse of the first cylinder herein before described.
Counterweights equilibrate the weight of the U shaped cylinder full of mercury.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF REAPING MACHINES
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Gerard Wenzeslaus von Nawrocki
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 12th July 1879. (A
communication from Florian von Grubinski, of Warsaw, Poland.)
GERARD WENZESLAUS VON NAWROCKI, of the Firm of J. Brandt and G. W. v.
Nawrocki, of 124, Leipzigerstrasse, Berlin, Germany, Patent Agent. "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF REAPING MACHINES." (A communication from
Florian von Grubinski, of Warsaw, Poland.)
The machine constructed according to this Invention has no tooth wheels, chain
wheels, or friction wheels for transmission of the motion, but the reciprocating
motion of the cutters is produced by the peculiar wave form of the edge or rim
of the travelling wheel whereby a double lever fitted with two friction rollers is
set into an oscillating motion which is transmitted to the cutters by a rod. The
machine has no fixed platform or floor and no feed appliance; instead of the floor
there is applied a revolving rake which by means of a treadle can be let down when
enough grain has been collected on the rake.
The machine rests on the travelling wheel and a small or supporting wheel at
the opposite side; these wheels carry the main frame. The carriage shafts are
adjustably connected to this frame, and the arm which connects the supporting
wheel with the frame is adjustable as against the latter, whereby the height of the
cutters is regulated as usual.
The boss of the double armed lever fitted with the friction rollers can be pushed
along its fulcrum bolt so as to be placed out of gear with the wave rim of the
travelling wheel when required. The motion is transmitted to the cutter bar by
bell crank lever and rod.
AN IMPROVED GRIP FRAME FOR SECURING TILES
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel Brotherton Sutcliffe at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 22nd May 1879.
SAMUEL BROTHERTON SUTCLIFFE, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster.
"AN IMPROVED GRIP FRAME FOR SECURING TILES."
This Invention relates to the construction of a grip frame for securing or con-
necting together edgewise a number of encaustic or other tiles for ornamenting
stones, chimney jambs, and for other purposes where it is desirable to grip or secure
a number of tiles together.
The tiles are first bound together by two longitudinal wires, the ends cf which
Over these is laid
are turned at right angles over the ends of the outermost tiles.
a frame made of two strong longitudinal wires, braced together by cross pieces of
flat wire, the ends of which are bent or coiled round the strong wires, and the tiles
are secured to the latter by means of a series of clips or grippers also made of flat
wire, one end of each clip being twisted round one of the main wires, and its other
end bent round the lateral edge of the tile.
Each tile is held by four clips, two upon each lateral edge near to the corners, so
that the whole series is firmly gripped and bound together by the wire frame.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN MACHINERY AND APPARATUS APPLICABLE TO CIRCULAR MACHINES AND ROTARY FRAMES EMPLOYED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PLAIN AND RIBBED LOOPED FABRICS, AND IN THE FABRICS PRODUCED THEREON."
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Brookes at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 22nd February 1879.
WILLIAM BROOKES, of Loughborough, in the County of Leicester.
"IMPROVE-
MENTS IN MACHINERY AND APPARATUS APPLICABLE TO CIRCULAR MACHINES AND
ROTARY FRAMES EMPLOYED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PLAIN AND RIBBED LOOPED
FABRICS, AND IN THE FABRICS PRODUCED THEREON."
To a circular machine having one thread feeder I employ a rack wheel and
apparatus operated by a cam which holds the machine incline in while the machine
makes one revolution and a half revolution.
To a two or more feeder circular rib machine I place above the lower flange of
the machine head an incline slotted and pressed towards the machine needle bits
by a spring to knock over the loops in the usual way, and on the lower flange I
place a cam bit with a rim of the length required, which as it revolves holds out
the slotted incline and allows the loops to pass without being knocked over, both
loops being knocked over by the next succeeding incline.
To a rotary rib machine I employ one or more plates, each of which carry a
portion of the machine needles which when occupying a vertical position are raised
up to be fed with the thread in the usual way, and are kept so raised until the
remainder of the machine needles have been again raised; the whole of the needles
then descend, and the whole of the loops are pressed over together. The plates
above named are raised and lowered by a cam movement; such machinery and
apparatus is applicable to machines carrying bearded needles or latch needles.
When the needles are operated by inclines I employ a cam movement to effect the
same result. By machinery and apparatus constructed and operating as above
described I am enabled to make hose with an extra thickness at the knee and hoel;
and by operating upon the whole of the circle of needles I can make the fabric
extra thick all round to act as a welt; by the same means the legs of half hose may
be made of extra thickness where required; shirts and pants may also be produced
with a thicker fabric where required.
IMPROVED COLLARS AND CUFFS, AND IN THE MODE AND MEANS OR APPLIANCES OTHER ANALOGOUS FOR MANUFACTURING THE SAME, ALSO APPLICABLE FOR ARTICLES FOR PERSONAL WEAR
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Carter at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 11th October 1879.
"NEW OR
JAMES CARTER, of Belfast, in the County of Antrim, Ireland.
IMPROVED COLLARS AND CUFFS, AND IN THE MODE AND MEANS OR APPLIANCES
OTHER ANALOGOUS
FOR MANUFACTURING THE SAME, ALSO APPLICABLE FOR
ARTICLES FOR PERSONAL WEAR."
This Invention relates to collars, cuffs, and other analogous articles for personal
wear, and has for its object to manufacture and produce such articles in a novel
and extremely simple manner, mainly from an inexpensive material not heretofore
in use for such purposes, and which is susceptible of being more easily ornamented
and otherwise rendered more pleasing in appearance than articles of this kind
usually are.
This Invention consists in using veneering or thick shavings of wood, preferably
of the harder and fancy kinds, from which the collars, cuffs, or other articles are
first stamped out or cut to the shape desired, either by hand or by cutting or
stamping machinery. The shaped articles may then be finished by applying a
thin coat of varnish or other adhesive substance to one side, or to both sides, for
the purpose of rendering the wood shaving or veneer less liable to crack or break,
but for articles which are subject to considerable wear, paper or cheap calico or
other cloth is pasted, glued, or stitched to the back or reverse side of the article,
and the edges or borders may be bound with cloth partly for ornament and partly
to prevent separation of the wood and backing of paper or calico. To further
ornament or embellish the cuffs, collars, or other articles they may be printed on
the wood surface with suitable designs, or they may be hand painted or embossed
with or without colour, or fancy patterns may be sewn or embroidered on them,
or designs may be cut or stamped out in them giving the appearance or semblance
of fret work.
Strips of coloured linen or calico, or of veneering of different colours of wood may
also be pasted or stitched across the wood surface of cuffs or collars, or of shirt fronts
made from veneering in the manner described so as to resemble "Regatta" or
French shirting.
Hat bands, ladies' belts or bands, fancy pockets, and other similar facings for
dresses may also be made in the same way, and may have designs on their surfaces
or stamped or cut out of them, in which latter case the material of the dress
beneath will be displayed.
IMPROVEMENTS IN FIRE GRATES
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Archibald Mansfield Campbell at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 31st March 1879.
ARCHIBALD MANSFIELD CAMPBELL, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North
Britain. "IMPROVEMENTS IN FIRE GRATES."
This Invention relates to improvements in fire grates, and has for its object to
provide a convenient means of "blowing up" or starting a fire therein.
According to this Invention the back of the grate is set or sloped back so as to
form a chamber at the back of the grate, communicating at top with the flue; the
grate is also provided with the ordinary communication with the flue through the
upper part of the grate. The two communications with the flue are each provided
with flaps or means of closing or opening communication with the flue similar in
the case of the ordinary communication with the flue to the flap of a "register
stove," the said two flaps being so arranged dependently of each other that when
the flap of the ordinary communication with the flue at the top of the grate is
opened the flap of the back chamber closes its communication with the flue, and
vice versa. This may be effected by connecting the two flaps by jointed rods or
by fastening the two flaps together at such relative angles with themselves and
with the flue communications that the one communication will be opened when the
other is closed, or the one flap may when opened from the one communication close
the other communication. When starting the fire or when a strong current is
required the "register" flap is closed, and the chamber at back consequently is put
When the fire
in communication with the flue and a strong draught is induced.
is well started the "register" flap is opened and the communication of the back
chamber with the flue therefore closed.
APPARATUS FOR BAKERS' OVENS
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Rummery at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 25th November 1879.
JOHN RUMMERY, of Appledor, in the County of Kent.
APPARATUS FOR BAKERS' OVENS."
"IMPROVEMENTS IN
The improvements consist of an adjustable sheet metal floor made in convenient
pieces and shape for ready insertion in and removal from bakers' ovens when said
ovens are heated, so that said floor by becoming heated may allow of the baking of
bread on it, whereby the process of baking is rendered more economical, cleanly, and
convenient, also the weight of the bread preserved. Also in the use of a bridge
piece or pieces of metal placed in or near the oven door by or over which the
feeding peel may be passed. The Invention is performed by making the floor of
thin metal sheets about the twentieth of an inch thick, and placing them in the
oven to overlap in such manner that the peel may be worked over said plates. The
plates intended for the sides or walls of the oven are made with a turn up or rim,
of from three to six inches, to keep the bread off the walls. When the oven is
properly heated the metal floor is to be introduced, then the oven should be shut,
say, five to fifteen minutes, when the bread is then fed in and baked on the metal
floor.
NEW OR IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR COUNTING COINS
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Dugald Campbell at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 6th March 1879.
DUGALD CAMPBELL, of Callander, in the County of Perth, North Britain.
"NEW OR IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR COUNTING COINS."
This Invention relates to new or improved apparatus for counting coins.
An apparatus constructed according to the said Invention consists of a tray-like
or similar receptacle, which is marked with a number of divisions in a series of
rows, upon each of which markings a coin is placed. The number of these markings
upon the tray or receptacle will correspond with a number of coins which will
amount to some total of a sum readily calculable; thus, supposing each marking to
be for the reception of a penny, then it will be most convenient to havo upon the
tray or receptacle two hundred and forty markings, so that when a penny has been
placed upon each marking the total contents of the tray or receptacle will be of the
value of one pound. Underneath the tray or receptacle is a drawer or receiver,
into which when the tray or receptacle has been filled the coins therefrom may be
upset. This upsetting may be facillitated by hinging the tray (as a whole or in
separate parts) so that it may be tipped up, and the coins caused to slip therefrom
into the said drawer or receiver. In order to register the amount which has been
tipped into the drawer or receiver the apparatus may be provided with an indicating
dial, actuated in the way in which such dials are usually actuated, the mechanism
being so connected by a pusher or otherwise with the tipping tray that each time
the tray is tipped, and the coins therefrom discharged into the drawer or receiver,
the said dial or its pointer will be actuated so as to indicate the number of times
the tray has been tipped, and consequently the amount which has been discharged
into the drawer or receptacle.
It will be readily understood that the apparatus may take the form of a table, or
box, or a simple tray, or other convenient form, and may be constructed of wood,
metal, or other material, and that the markings of the tray or receptacle may be
arranged in number and size to receive coins of any value, so that any desired gross
value which the said tray or receptacle will hold when all its markings are covered
will be a sum which may be most desirable or convenient for calculation. The
spaces for the coins on the tray or receptacle may be arranged in rows, so that
divisions may be placed between them for keeping the coins in order; the ends of
the rows being unimpeded to allow the coins to slip therefrom into the box or
receptacle, the markings may each receive one or more coins.
IMPROVEMENTS IN WINDOW BLINDS
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Imray at the Office of the Com-
missioners of Patents on the 22nd September 1879. [A communication from
abroad by Johann Wilhelm Richard Vogdt, of Potsdam, in the German Empire.]
JOHN IMRAY, of No. 28, Southampton Buildings, Chancery Lane, in the County
of Middlesex. "IMPROVEMENTS IN WINDOW BLINDS." [A communication from
abroad by Johann Wilhelm Richard Vogdt, of Potsdam, in the German Empire.]
According to the present Invention window blinds are constructed of a number
of parallel bands of textile fabric or other thin flexible material, such as leather,
thin metal, and the like, which are suspended from one or more rollers, by preference
two, situated at the top of the window and capable of being rotated in contrary
directions by any suitable known mechanism, so that the first, third, fifth, &c., band
being attached to the one roller, while the second, fourth, &c., are attached to the
other, they are by the rotation of the rollers wound up thereon. Near their upper
ends the bands pass through slotted metal bars, the ends of which are hinged
respectively to two horizontal laths extending across the window frame, and either.
suspended by cords therefrom or resting upon brackets at the sides thereof. Thus
by moving the one or both laths longitudinally in contrary directions the slotted
bars are made to assume positions either more or less parallel therewith, or at a
right or other angle thereto, and the bands which pass through them are accordingly
twisted into corresponding positions, that is to say, either so that they lie more or
less flat overlapping each other, or with their surfaces at a right or other angle to
the surface of the window in a manner similar to the laths of an ordinary venetian
blind. The lower ends of the bands are connected to similar bars hinged to laths
which are made to assume positions corresponding to the upper ones, the movement
of which may be effected by cords passing through rings fixed to the window
frame or by any other suitable means. On rotating the before mentioned rollers
the bands are drawn up through the upper slotted bars until the lower bars come
in contact therewith, when if the upper bars are merely suspended they can also be
raised by continuing the motion of the rollers. If the upper transverse laths are
supported on brackets the one lath can be fixed thereto and the other one be moved
as described for adjusting the position of the bars and bands,
IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BOBBIN-NET OR TWIST LACE
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Lynes Bates at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 11th October 1879.
GEORGE LYNES BATES, of New Basford, in the County of Nottingham. " IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BOBBIN-NET OR TWIST LACE,"
Heretofore when producing pillars in the net of double warp bobbin fining, it
has been usual to employ one bobbin thread to each wale, and two warp threads,
each warp thread working the reverse way to the other. I propose to employ one
bobbin thread and two warp threads to each wale, but instead of working the
warp threads the reverse way to each other I move one warp thread every motion,
and the other warp thread every two or more motions, when making the pillar of
the net, the crosses in the net being made by each alternate warp thread, securing a
bobbin thread when required, the cloth or pattern being made in the usual way;
by such means I am enabled to produce a finer pillar than heretofore.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BREAD AND IN THE PROCESS EMPLOYED THEREIN
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederick Clark at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 6th November 1879.
FREDERICK CLARK, of 4, Wellington Place, Liverpool Road, in the County of
Middlesex. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BREAD AND IN THE PROCESS
EMPLOYED THEREIN."
"
This Invention has for its object improvements in the manufacture of bread and
in the process employed therein. For this purpose I take wheaten flour or other
meal, and mix with it lentil flour in the following proportions:-11/, lbs. wheaten
flour, and 1/, lbs. lentil flour or thereabouts. The two meals are thoroughly mixed
by any suitable means, and the mixture is then boiled for about 30 minutes, it is
then removed from the vessel in which the boiling took place and is thoroughly
dried and sifted through fine sieves. The mixture is then used in the ordinary
way of making bread, the loaves are moulded and baked in tins in an atmosphere
of steam which may be generated by placing in the oven shallow troughs containing
water. In some cases the boiling may be dispensed with.
MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF TABLE CUTLERY
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Burkill Laycock at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 3rd June 1879.
EDWARD BURKILL LAYCOCK, of Sheffield, in the County of York.
MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF TABLE CUTLERY."
"IMPROVE-
My Invention relates to improvements in the manufacture of table cutlery pro-
vided with metallic handles, that is to say, carving and other knives and forks,
fish eating and dessert knives, and similar cutlery, the object being to produce a
simple and strong handle, and to effectively secure the same to the blade or
fork.
In carrying out my Invention in order to effect this object the handle is cast in
one piece of any suitable metal, but by preference of what is commonly known as
"malleable cast iron," the said handle being cast hollow and as thin as is consistent
with the strength required. The opening into the interior of the handle is by
preference made of an oval or oblong shape, and a small hole is cast or otherwise
formed at the opposite end. Close under the bolster a short shoulder is made to fit
into the oval or oblong opening in the handle, and the tang is of sufficient length
to pass through the small hole at the opposite end of the handle where it is to be
rivetted, thus effectually securing the blade or fork to the handle. The shape of the
handles may be varied, and they may be finished in various ways, such, for example,
as by bronzing or electro plating.
AN IMPROVED BICYCLE
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel Webb Thomas at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 14th August 1879.
SAMUEL WEBB THOMAS, of the Rectory, Southease, in the County of Sussex,
Clerk in Holy Orders, M.A. "AN IMPROVED BICYCLE."
The improved bicycle which forms the subject of this application for Letters
Patent is intended mainly for those persons who are precluded from the use of any
ordinary bicycle from nervousness, corpulence, or advanced age, or who may prefer
it on account of its thorough safety, ease in mounting, and for greater comfort in
propelling, from the more natural and graceful action of its swing pedals, which
have a forward and backward motion in lieu of a circular or up and down one, as
in other kinds of bicycles, either of which kinds of movement entails such an action
to the legs as is at once awkward, and in a measure injurious to the body's internal
system.
The main feature of novelty in my improved bicycle is its swing pedal (or
nearly horizontal) action, effected by means of a swinging bar suspended on either
side of an elongation of the backbone in front (or rather from the ends of a pin
through it) and kept from any lateral play by means of a small piece of tubing
being fixed to end of bar and running on said cross pin. Then to the lower end of
said bar is attached outwardly at right angles a pedal, to which (or to the hanging
bar a little above it) is connected a rod that extends back and is affixed to the
crank in the centre of hind wheel, the said crank being consequently made to
turn by said rod being pulled from the suspended or swinging bar or pedal in
front.
The bar is designed primarily as a support for the pedal but may serve also as a
lever in a slight degree, and then only for convenience sake.
GREATLY INCREASING THE SPEED OF WORKING SUBMARINE CABLES AND UNDERGROUND WIRES OR TELEGRAPHIC LINES
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas John Jones and Edward
Bull at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 9th October 1879.
THOMAS JOHN JONES and EDWARD BULL, both of No. 4, George Street, Hanover
Square, in the County of Middlesex, Telegraphic Engineers. "GREATLY INCREASING
THE SPEED OF WORKING SUBMARINE CABLES AND UNDERGROUND WIRES OR
TELEGRAPHIC LINES."
We claim by the method hereafter described to prevent or do away with
induction or accumulation of charge in or upon underground or submerged lines
and cables, rendering the storing up or accumulation of electricity in or upon them
as a charge through induction difficult or impossible, and thereby greatly increasing
the speed of transmitting and receiving signals on such lines. The plan by which
this is effected is by using two distinct cables or lines, or two conductors properly
insulated from each other in one cable, and by so connecting them with a source of
clectricity, instruments, key, and other parts of the apparatus that may be
employed in this system, so as to form a conductive circuit throughout (not having
by or through the source of electricity or the conductor any (what are technically
known as) connections with the earth or earth plates, and so each and every part
being carefully insulated from the earth, the conditions which are necessary for
induction or static charge (and which are present in all known methods of working
submarine cables) are absent or dispensed with in this system, and we therefore
claim to greatly lessen if not entirely to prevent inductive retardation, and thereby
greatly increase the speed of signalling on such lines.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF AND IN APPARATUS TO BE USED IN CONNECTION WITH THE VALVES OF STEAM AND OTHER ENGINES
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Vincent Maxted at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 16th May 1879.
"
GEORGE VINCENT MAXTED, of Eastling, Faversham, in the County of Kent.
'IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF AND IN APPARATUS TO BE USED IN
CONNECTION WITH THE VALVES OF STEAM AND OTHER ENGINES."
This Invention consists in improvements in the construction of and in apparatus
to be used in connection with the slide valves or other analogous valves of the steam
chests or equivalent apparatus of steam and other engines, whereby the pressure on
the said valves is balanced and regulated so that the valve is kept in contact with
its seat or working surface with the least necessary amount of friction.
The main portion of the valve is constructed and actuated in the ordinary manner,
and the back thereof is provided with lugs to which is pivoted or connected by
means of a pin or bolt, in such a manner as to admit of the necessary amount of
oscillation, a connecting or coupling rod. The opposite end of the latter is connected
in a similar manner to a circular casting which forms a piston, and which is free to
move in a cylinder formed in the steam chest cover or other equivalent part of the
engine. The periphery of the said piston is provided with one or more grooves for
the reception of any suitable packing, thereby causing it to work within the cylinder
in a perfectly steam-tight or air-tight manner, or any suitable and known packing,
or method of packing, may be employed for attaining this object.
The steam on entering the steam chest presses against the back of the valve with
a total force proportional to the area of the valve presented to its action and also to
the pressure of the steam per square inch, and as the area of the piston presented
to the action of the steam is less than that of the valve, the pressure on the latter
will be communicated to, and will control the action of the said piston, the valve
being thereby kept firmly against its seat and working surface.
The difference in area of the piston and valve must be determined according to
the circumstances under which it is desired to employ them, and in most cases the
atmospheric pressure on the outside of the piston may be also taken into con-
sideration for the purpose of keeping the valve in contact with its working surface,
as will be well understood by competent engineers.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF BICYCLE AND OTHER SIMILAR WHEELS
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Wicksteed at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 25th July 1879.
CHARLES WICKSTEED, of Kettering, in the County of Northampton, Engineer.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF BICYCLE AND OTHER SIMILAR WHEELS."
This Invention relates firstly to improvements in the mode of attaching the
spokes to the hub of bicycle and similar wheels, the object of the Invention being
to allow of a broken or damaged spoke or spokes being easily and cheaply
replaced.
In carrying out my Invention instead of screwing the end of the spoke into the
hub as is now generally done, I form a number of holes (corresponding with the
number of spokes) in the periphery of the hub as usual, but I do not tap the same.
Around the face of the hub, and at a short distance from the outer circumference
thereof, I make holes across the hereinbefore described holes and in these transverse
holes I place nipples or nuts having tapped holes to receive the screwed ends of the
spokes.
By this arrangement, should a spoke break, it will be merely necessary to remove
the corresponding nipple and to replace the same, when a new spoke can be
introduced with facility.
My Invention relates secondly to employing a middle or additional hub connected
to the rim of the wheel by means of spokes placed at an angle to the ordinary
spokes, the object of the additional or tangential spokes being to keep the wheel
rigid and true in mounting hills.
IMPROVEMENTS IN TINS, OR METAL BOXES, OR RECEPTACLES FOR PRESERVED FOOD OR OTHER ARTICLES OR SUBSTANCES."
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Henderson at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 21st March 1879.
JAMES HENDERSON, of Peckham, in the County of Surrey. "IMPROVEMENTS IN
TINS, OR METAL BOXES, OR RECEPTACLES FOR PRESERVED FOOD OR OTHER
ARTICLES OR SUBSTANCES."
My Invention relates to tins, or metal boxes, or receptacles for containing pre-
served food or other articles or substances, and it has for its object the provision of
improved means for opening the said tins or receptacles without the employment of
special instruments for the purpose.
According to one mode of effecting this object I form the lid or cover with a
projecting flange of any required depth, which encloses the upper end of the body
of the tin or receptacle to which it is soldered, but in lieu of the said flange
extending completely round the body to the same depth I cut away or slot the said
flange so as to leave one or two projecting tabs which remain unsoldered, and by
the act of laying hold of which and pulling the same back when it is required to
open the tin the flange is uncoiled or detached from the lid or cover, and the upper
part of the latter may then be readily removed in order to obtain access to the
contents of the tin.
According to another mode of carrying out my Invention in order to effect the
object before mentioned I form in the lid or cover a slot or slit, by preference of a
curved or segmental shape, and I solder beneath the same to the underside of the
lid or cover a disc or piece of thin metal of sufficient size to cover and extend
beyond the said slot, and thus secure the hermetic closure of the tin or receptacle,
after which the lid or cover is attached. to the body of the tin or receptacle in any
ordinary or suitable manner. When it is required to open the tin or receptacle it
is simply necessary to insert any blunt instrument in the slot and lay hold of the
metal surrounding it, when the whole of the metal of the lid or cover may be drawn
off in spiral coils, thus by destroying the lid or cover affording access to the contents
of the tin or receptacle.
Both of the arrangements herein before described may be employed simultaneously
in the same lid or cover if desired.
A NEW OR MPROVED APPARATUS FOR MECHANICALLY AND SIMULTANEOUSLY STAMPING AND REGISTERING THE NUMBER OF LETTERS, NEWSPAPERS, AND LEGAL OR OTHER PRINTED PAPERS, AND EFFACING THE POSTAGE-STAMPS."
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Claude Marie Bathias at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 29th December 1879.
CLAUDE MARIE BATHIAS, of Paris, in the Republic of France. "A NEW OR
MPROVED APPARATUS FOR MECHANICALLY AND SIMULTANEOUSLY STAMPING AND
REGISTERING THE NUMBER OF LETTERS, NEWSPAPERS, AND LEGAL OR OTHER
PRINTED PAPERS, AND EFFACING THE POSTAGE-STAMPS."
My Invention relates to mechanically and simultaneously stamping letters,
newspapers, and other legal or printed papers, registering their number, and effacing
the postage-stamps affixed thereon, and consists of an apparatus composed of a
series of three or four cylinders placed horizontally near one another and revolving
in the same direction by means of intermediate cog-wheels keyed on their shafts,
and the diameters of which are different so that the motion of the said successive
cylinders is accelerated, that is to say, that the first describes one revolution, the
second two, and so on, and that on an endless india-rubber band passing over two
rollers soparated from each other behind the cylinders, and to which a progressive
motion is imparted, each letter, newspaper, or printed paper is drawn successively
under a cylinder or rolling-mill placed above and at the end of the india-rubber
band and provided with the post-mark indicating the locality from which the letter
or printed paper is sent or else that at which it arrives, and with the checkered or
other marks effacing the postage-stamps, the effacing stamp and marks being inked
over by an ordinary inking roller placed above and revolving simultaneously with
the stamping and effacing roller.
The letters or printed papers are placed upright or perpendicularly on an inclined
plane in front of the first cylinder, on the circuinference of which are fixed points
or claws which draw on successively each letter or printed paper, and in order to
effect this drawing on, one by one, an intermittent motion is imparted to the first
cylinder, obtained by means of a Maltese cross fixed to the second cylinder, on the
shaft of which is keyed the crank, by means of which the rotary motion is
imparted to all the cylinders and rollers.
Near the stamping and effacing cylinder, and on the side of the apparatus is fixed
an ordinary counter with barrels and registering dials, the rotation of which is
effected by means of a catch, which is actuated by the stamping and effacing
cylinder whenever it has executed a revolution and consequently stamped and
effaced a letter or a printed paper.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PROJECTILES
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edmond Maghlin Russell at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 3rd October 1879.
EDMOND MAGHLIN RUSSELL, of the City and County of Limerick, Ireland.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN PROJECTILES."
The object of my Invention is to cause the revolution of projectiles when fired
from smooth bore guns.
According to my Invention I make the projectile flat headed or partially so,
with a "point" or "boss" projecting from the centre of the head, and with three
or more rings fitting the bore of the gun, and being the only portious that touch it,
in order to diminish friction one such ring being at centre of projectile. From the
head of projectile to the outside or circumference of the middle ring, or at any
point esteemed more suitable between the middle ring and the bead of the
projectile, I provide, say, three or more straight or curvilinear holes or passages
at a suitable angle to the long axis of the projectile, for the passage of the air.
By this arrangement I secure the largest possible space for the bursting charge
of shells.
The air entering the holes at the head, and passing out at the circumference in or
near the middle ring of the projectile, causes its rotation during its flight.
The holes or passages must be of a size proportional to the weight of the
projectile.
By the expression "head of projectile " is to be understood the striking end, or
end other than the base.
PROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ORNAMENTAL PLATE GLASS FLOWER BOXES, AND IN DECORATING THE SAME
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Hollyer at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 1st March 1879.
"
IM-
GEORGE HOLLYER, of No. 233, Milkwood Rd., Herne Hill, in the County of
Surrey, S.E., Embosser & Writer on Glass, and THOMAS JAMES RICHARDSON, of
No. 109, Lowden Rd., Brixton, in the County of Surrey, S.E., Traveller.
PROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ORNAMENTAL PLATE GLASS FLOWER
BOXES, AND IN DECORATING THE SAME."
1st. Our Invention consists in producing all kinds of designs in gold and color
on glass for flower boxes by covering the plates of glass to be ornamented with
red lead and Brunswick black, and securing the designs by means of stencil plates
set on the ground work by using a composition of soap, whitening, and beeswax,
the open parts of the stencil plates are then taken out with turpentine rubbed in
by a hoghair brush.
2nd. The design is then bitten in by means of strong flouric acid, allowing the
same to remain on about three quarters of an hour, the acid is then drawn off
and the glass cleansed of the composition of red lead and Brunswick black; it is then
further cleansed with caustic potash and water, the plain surface is then ground
with sand or emery (No. 90) to receive a coating of indistructable paint or any other
suitable material.
No. 3. The whole of the plate is then covered with chloride of gold, and protected
by a lacquer.
No. 4. The gold on the flat surface is then taken off by an ivory tool which
leaves the embossed parts gold and the surface ground glass, it is then coated
several times with the indistructable paint or any other suitable material, according
to the tint required, which will give the effect of the pattern embossed gold and
the ground surface coloured.
No. 5. The glass thus done is fixed in a case made of mahogany, and beded in a
solution of red lead, Japan, and india rubber varnish, which forms a cement for it;
thus fixed the edges are protected by a zinc moulding, top and bottom, with
metal standards, and painted or "decorated" with indistructable paint or any
other suitable material.
No. 6. This operation concludes the process and produces a very handsome
flower box of any design (bent or otherwise) impervious to heat or damp and
inexpensive.
By this process all sizes, lengths, or shapes can be performed.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS USED IN SPINNING
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edwin Pawson at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 28th October 1879.
EDWIN PAWSON, of the Firm of George Emmott's, Spindie and Fly Makers, of
Oxenhope, near Keighley, in the County of York. "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY
OR APPARATUS USED IN SPINNING."
This Invention relates to further improvements in the employment of stationary
solid spindles having moveable hollow tubes fitted in the wharles, which are placed
and turn on the solid spindles; and also of oil chambers or reservoirs, in which
is placed an oil absorbent for lubricating automatically the said spindles, for
which Provisional Protection was granted to me, dated the Twenty second day of
February, One thousand eight hundred and seventy nine, No. 729.
In carrying out the Invention as described in the aforesaid Provisional Specifi-
cation I found that the steel bushes fitted in the bottom parts of the wharles did
not answer the required purpose, and the object of my present improvements is to
obviate or remedy the defects, for which purpose I employ ordinary stationary
solid spindles, on which are fitted and rotate hollow tubes, by preference of brass
or steel. The tubes are made with collars, which are fixed on the tops of the
wharles, and the tubes project from the undersides of the collars and fit and partly.
enter the centre holes of the wharles, leaving a space between the bottom ends of
the tubes and the bottom end of the wharles. The wharles are made with centre
holes to receive the ends of the tubes, but these holes are only drilled a certain
required distance, leaving flanges or solid parts in the wharles, which are drilled
with holes to pass over the spindles. The spaces left between the solid parts of the
wharles and the bottom of the tubes form recesses or chambers, in which are placed
washers made of cloth, felt, or other suitable material to absorb and retain the oil
or lubricant. Small holes are bored through the tube collars and through the
wharles leading to the oil chambers, in which the oil or lubricating matter is poured
when a fresh supply is required.
The wharles inay be made of steel, iron, or other suitable metal; and I employ
steel bushes fitted in the bottom parts of the wharles when the lubricating chambers
are dispensed with.
AN IMPROVED MUSICAL INSTRUMENT
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Max Stellmann at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 10th January 1879.
MAX STELLMANN, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster. "AN IMPROVED
MUSICAL INSTRUMENT."
This Invention relates to the construction of an improved stringed musical
instrument somewhat in the form of a "zither," having metallic strings or wires
stretched over a hollow body or soundboard.
The body of the instrument consists of a strong frame of wood with a front and
back of thin wood, the former having holes therein, and the two connected together
by a wooden sound post in the interior.
The form of the frame is an irregular quadrilateral figure, the base being about
10 inches, the right hand or treble side eight inches, and the left hand or bass side
about 18 inches. These sides are at right angles to the box. The remaining side
is necessarily in a diagonal position at an angle of from forty to forty five degrees.
The instrument may be made either larger or smaller but with the same relative
proportions.
The pins over which the loops of the wires are passed are driven into the base,
and the screw pins for tuning are screwed into the opposite or diagonal part of the
frame, the wires being raised up from the sound board about three-sixteenths of an
inch (more or less) by means of a thin metallic bridge at top and bottom, consisting
of a strip of metal (or other suitable material) let edgewise into a groove in the
wooden frame. About four of the lower or bass strings are made of brass wire, and
the remainder or treble of steel wire.
The instrument is either held in the left hand or placed on a table. Letters
corresponding to the notes are marked on the soundboard beneath each string, and
to facilitate the learning and playing on the instrument by persons unable to read
ordinary music the strings are also numbered from 1 to 15 (more or less) and the
music is printed in corresponding figures.