IMPROVEMENTS IN THE VENTILATION AND HEATING OF BUILDINGS, AND IN THE APPLIANCES THEREFOR."
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Francis Thomas Bond at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 8th December 1876.
FRANCIS THOMAS BOND, of Gloucester, in the County of Gloucester, Doctor of
Medicine. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE VENTILATION AND HEATING OF BUILDINGS,
AND IN THE APPLIANCES THEREFOR."
This Invention has for its object improvements in the methods at present in use
for heating and ventilating rooms, buildings, and other places, and the applianes
by which I effect the object of my Invention are of several kinds.
One means of carrying out my Invention is an arrangement of tubes or pipes for
introducing a current of fresh air into a room, and for heating the air so introduced
by means of an ordinary illuminating gas burner or a candle or a lamp. In con-
structing this form of my Invention I make a T shaped tube of metal, glass,
earthenware, or any other appropriate material, of such a size that the length of
that part of the tube corresponding to the longer piece of the T is about six inches,
with a diameter of about two and a half inches, and the length and diameter of the
part corresponding to the shorter piece about three inches each.
The free end of
the longer arm of the tube, and also one end of the shorter arm are both to be left
open, but the other end of the shorter arm must be closed. In the longer of the
two arms I fix an ordinary throttle valve, which can be worked from without by
means of a thumb piece attached to its spindle, so that the passage of air through
Where this arrangement can be
the tube may be regulated by means of it at will.
conveniently connected with a supply of gas I introduce into the interior of the
tube a pipe, one end of which is connected with the supply gas pipe, and the other
terminates in a burner at the free end of the shorter arm of the tube.
The tube
thus formed I attach to a wall of the room which it is intended to ventilate. If
this wall communicates on its outer side with the open air or with a hall or corridor
I make an aperture right through it, and insert the free end of the longer arm of
the tube into the aperture in an air-tight manner, and fix it in such a position that
the shorter arm of the tube shall be vertical and have the gas burner at its upper
end. I then connect the gas pipe, which is inside the tube, with the gas supply,
and I apply an ordinary glass globe to the upper end of the shorter arm of the tube
by the appliance which is commonly used for such a purpose in such a way that the
foot of the globe, which should be about an inch less in diameter than the tube, is
supported within and a little below the rim of the latter.

page_text: On igniting the gas at the burner inside the globe the air which is necessary to
support the combustion is drawn upwards to the burner from the tube, through
which a current of air is thus established from without inwards, even if the pressure
of the external air does not create such a current of its own accord. A portion of
the current thus established passes into the globe, of which some is burned, and the
rest after mixing with the results of combustion, and being thereby warmed, escapes
with them at the top of the globe; the other portion of the current passes out
through the space left between the foot of the globe and the rim of the tube. The
gas burner thus becomes when lighted a necessary means of ventilation.
Where it is not convenient to affix the tube to a wall communicating on the
outside with the open air, or with a hall or corridor, I attach it to another wall, and
connect the extremity of the tube next the wall with the space above the ceiling or
under the floor by means of a vertical pipe.
In cases where it is not practicable to connect the tube with a supply of gas a
lamp or candle may be introduced into the end of the vertical portion of the tube
where the gas burner would otherwise be.
Another method of carrying out my Invention is tho using a stove for heating by
means of gas or a liquid hydrocarbon, a current of air, which is made to pass
through it. In order to construct this stove I make a cylindrical tube of thin sheet
iron or any other metal; the exact size of this cylinder is not material, and should
be adapted to the requirements for which it is wanted, but in general it will be
found convenient to let its length be between two and three times its diameter.
In this cylinder near one end I make a circular aperture of about three inches in
diameter, and to this aperture I adapt a pipe for the purpose of conveying the
products of combustion formed in the stove into the outer air. When the cylinder
is placed in the vertical position which it is intended to occupy this pipe will
project from its upper end. I then construct a hollow metallic cone, preferably of
copper, in consequence of its high conducting power of a truncated form, and of
such a size that the diameter of its larger end is slightly larger than that of the
cylinder; that of its smaller end about one-fourth of that of its larger end, and the
length of its longer axis about three-fourths of that of the cylinder before mentioned.
This cone I introduce into the cylinder at its upper end, to the margin of which I
attach it by lapping its margin over that of the cylinder, or by rivetting, or in such
other manner as to make an air-tight joint. In order to provide a means of heating
the stove I surround the cone on the side which is within the cylinder with a tube
which I bring into the cylinder through an aperture in it, perforated on the side
which is nearest the cone with a number of holes so as to emit jets of gas,
which is to be supplied to the tube in the ordinary way, or I heat the cone with a
lamp having one or more wicks arranged in a circular manner so as to surround the
cone, and supplied with benzoline, or any other appropriate liquid hydrocarbon.
The cylinder should be raised two or three inches above the ground by having feet
attached to its lower margin, and the aperture at the lower end of the copper cone
should be connected with a tube, through which air may be conveyed to the interior
of the cone from the outside of the room in which it is placed.
The mode of action of this stove will be as follows:-When the gas jets or the
lamp are ignited the flames which impinge on the copper cone will heat it, and this
heat will be communicated both by radiation and convertion to the air inside the
cone, and will thus cause an upward current in it. This will cause a continual
influx of fresh air, which will thus as it passes through the cone become warmed.
The products of combustion will pass up between the cone and the cylinder to the
aperture near the upper margin of the latter, by which they will be carried away
through the pipe into the outer air.
Although the results obtained from the stove just described are sufficiently"
satisfactory, so far as regards the heating of the current of air which flows through
the cone, yet a good deal of heat is unavoidably carried away by the products of
combustion which escape through the pipe at the upper part of the cylinder, as
already described. In order therefore to diminish this loss have devised a modifi-

page_text: cation in the construction of such stove, which is as follows:-Instead of making
one large circular aperture in the upper margin of the cylinder I make a number
of smaller ones around such upper margin of such a size that their aggregate area
shall be at least twice as large as that before prescribed for the pipe. I then
construct a number of metallic tubes, preferably of copper, of a diameter equal to
that of the apertures, and I attach one of these tubes by one of its ends to each of
these apertures by lapping, rivetting, or in such other way as to make the connec-
tion air-tight. I then carry these tubes down on the outside of the cylinder, and
connect their other ends with a circular chamber, which I construct around the
base of the cylinder. To this chamber I attach a pipe in the same way as before
described for the purpose of carrying off the products of combustion into the outer
air. The course of the products of combustion in the stove thus modified will be as
follows Up along the outside of the cone, through the apertures in the margin of
the cylinder, down the tubes into the circular chamber, and out of this latter by
the pipe leading into the open air. By this means the heated gases which escape
from the stove will be exposed to a much larger cooling surface, and their tempera-
ture can be thus reduced to the minimum degree which is compatible with main-
taining an effective draught through the stove.