Heating Apparatus.
Year: 1884

page_text: Heating Apparatus.
I, WILLIAM PHILLIPS. THOMPSON, Fel. Inst. P.A. of the Agency for Foreign
Patent Solicitors, 6 Lord Street, Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, and
323, High Holborn, in the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare
the nature of the said invention for " IMPROVEMENTS IN INCUBATORS WITH
ELECTRICALLY CONTROLLED HEATING APPARATUS" (a communication from abroad
by Monsieur Léon Kelner of Andereghem, Brussels in the Kingdom of Belgium,
Engineer), to be as follows:-
This invention has for its object the construction of an improved incubator, for
the artificial hatching of the eggs of poultry and the like which shall automatically
maintain an equable temperature, adjustable as may be required, and at the same
time supply the necessary air and moisture to the eggs under treatment.
The incubator is constructed in the form of a double reservoir, the upper part of
which communicates with the lower by means of four or more hollow columns,
preferably disposed at the corners or sides of the apparatus. The capacity of the
upper reservoir is greater than that of the lower one. Both reservoirs are in
communication at the outside with a thermo syphon, the interior of which is
somewhat in the shape of a lamp glass. The heating flame placed in this chimney,
which is surrounded by a column of water of about two centimetres in thickness,
yields as much as possible of its warmth to the water, which rises as it becomes
heated and flows into the upper reservoir, whilst colder water from the lower
reservoir takes its place in the thermo syphon.
When gas is the heating medium employed, the arrangement preferably consists
of a vessel of cubical shape, having a burner on top from which the flame proceeds:
inside the vessel is an electro, magnet actuated by a battery. of Leclanché cells or
other suitable means; the end of the electro magnet, is conical in shape, and is
constructed to rise and fit into the orifice of the burner whenever the pieco is
magnetized by the electric current and thus stop the supply of gas and extinguish
the flame. In the electric circuit a thermometer is fixed in such a manner that the
current passes through the column of mercury, one wire being in contact with the
mercury in the bulb whilst the other passes down the tube of the thermometer to
the requisite point say in the case of incubators to thirty, nine degrees centigrade.
As soon therefore as the heat in the incubator diminishes, the mercury sinks in the

page_text: thermometer until it falls below the end of the upper wire, and contact is broken:
the electro-magnet ceases to be attracted to the burner orifice and falls back
allowing gas again to escape which is relighted by a very small side burner, fixed
for the purpose.
In the case of a petroleum lamp or other heating apparatus having a wick, the
electro magnét is so contrived as to draw down a specially designed extinguisher
upon the wick this extinguisher has a notch or slit which prevents the entire
extinction of the flame, leaving sufficient of the wick alight to rekindle the rest as
soon as the cessation of the current withdraws the extinguisher.
:
The drawer containing the eggs is placed between the upper and lower reservoirs
of the incubator. The requisite moisture is supplied to the eggs by a cloth stretched
upon a frame above them, upon which water is allowed to drip slowly. Ventilation
is provided for by apertures above and below the eggs.
Heating Apparatus.
I, WILLIAM PHILLIPS THOMPSON, Fel. Inst. P.A. of the Agency for Foreign
Patent Solicitors, 6 Lord Street, Liverpool in the county of Lancaster, and
323 High Holborn in the county of Middlesex, Civil Engineer do hereby declare
the nature of the said invention for IMPROVEMENTS IN INCUBATORS WITH
ELECTRICALLY CONTROLLED HEATING APPARATUS (a communication from abroad
by Leon Kelner Brussels) and in what manner the same is to be performed, to
be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement:—
This invention has for its object the construction of an improved incubator for
the artificial hatching of the eggs of poultry and the like, which shall automatically
maintain an equable temperature adjustable as may be required, and at the same
time supply the necessary air and moisture to the eggs under treatment.'
Referring to the accompanying drawings:
Figure 1 is a vertical section of the complete incubator.
Figure 2 is a horizontal section of the water reservoir.
Figure 3 shews the electrical controller and the lamp.
Figure 4 is a front view of the extinguisher.
Figure 5 shews the gas regulator.
Figure 6 the metallic thermometer.
Figure 7 is a diagram of the complete electrical controlling apparatus.
The apparatus consists essentially of:
1. A reservoir R placed directly in the bottom of the wooden box forming the
outer casing of the incubator (see Figure 1). In a lower part of this reservoir and

page_text: at its centre there is an opening of about six centimetres diameter, provided with
a vertical tube T about 8 or 10 centimetres in length and into which fits the top of
the chimney of the lamp or of the gas jet intended to heat the interior of the
reservoir. This is arranged in such a manner that the heat entering by the orifice o
follows the direction of the arrows between metal partitions adjusted so as to effect
an equable distribution of the heat and passes off by the escape pipe t. These
metal partitions are soldered to the top and bottom of the reservoir.
The edges extend upwards beyond the upper surfaces of the reservoir which is
adjusted directly underneath the eggs.
In this manner a stratum of water one or two centimetres in depth according to
requirements is interposed at this point, and heated directly by the flame under-
neath causing the water to give off vapour which supplies the requisite moisture to
the eggs.
2. A trough or receptacle A (Figure 1) supported by a bracket at each corner of
the apparatus about half way up the egg chamber.
This receptacle contains the eggs and being somewhat smaller than the interior
of the case allows the warm vapour to pass all round it and consequently to warm
the eggs from all sides. Immediately above the eggs is fixed the glazed cover of
the incubator through which the progress of the incubation may be observed
without the necessity of opening the apparatus. In this arrangement also the
eggs may be turned without difficulty and the inconveniences of the drawer are
obviated.
3. A metal plate interposed between the water and the eggs, is perforated with
small holes designed to admit the vapour into the egg compartment.
4. A water reservoir B of glass or other suitable material placed upon a little
tube at the outside of the incubator communicating with the water jacket of the
incubator at the water level. The reservoir, filled with water is intended to
maintain the level of the water in the incubator constant by replacing that which
is evaporated.
5. A lamp Q on a support at the requisite height to cause the chimney to pass
sufficiently far into the tube T. The upper part 2 of the lamp contains the oil
reservoir the lower part F contains the mechanism for extinguishing and relighting
the lamp according to the temperature indicated by the thermometer.
6. A metallic thermometer shewn at Figure 6 formed of a spirally coiled
extensible strip of metal The centre of the coil is fixed to a peg and the other
end remaining free moves under the influence of heat or cold between the stops V
and V. When dilating it invariably presses against one stop and when contract-
ing against the other, which gives the maximum and minimum. The adjustment
of this thermo regulator is easily effected according to the indications of a mercury
thermometer placed beside the eggs.
7. An electric alarm bell S E Figure 1 adapted to indicate excessive variations
of temperature.
The blade of the thermo-regulator Figure 7 preferably composed of a blade of
steel soldered to one of copper longitudinally, is connected by a wire with one of
the terminals of the lamp, the other terminal of which is connected to one of the
poles of a battery; the other pole of this battery is connected to that stop pin of
the thermo-regulator which correspond to the maxima, so that when the heat
causes the end of the blade to touch this pin a current passes through the lamp and
causes the mechanism E Figure 4 to close upon the wick and to extinguish the
light, excepting a small portion corresponding to the small piece cut out of the
extinguisher which keeps a light and serves to rekindle the rest of the flame.
The other stop pin of the thermo-regulator corresponding to the minima is
connected to one of the terminals of the alarm bell, the other terminal of which is
connected to the battery by the opposite pole to that corresponding to the blade of
the thermo-regulator. The bell will consequently sound as soon as the temperature
falls too low.

page_text: :
The lamp or heating apparatus Figure 3 consists of an ordinary clock
driven by a spring.
work
The checking mechanism bearing on the two last wheels and the balance wheel
is composed essentially of two detents d t and d t' working on two pivots and each
bearing at their middle a projection n and n¹ engaging with a catch on the copper
disc D fixed on the axis of the primary wheel of the train and stopping successively
the balance wheel by means of the appendices A and A' which check the rotation;
the primary wheel having only to make half a turn in order to extinguish or
relight the lamp bears upon its axis a lever. M which lowers or raises the
'extinguisher E by means of a rod g, one end of which is fixed to the lever and
the other to the extinguisher: an electro magnet bears attached to its armature a
rcd normally maintained between the points E¹ E¹ of the detent arms.
Thus arranged, it supports the arm of the upper detent, keeping the extinguisher
open and consequently the lamp lighted.
When the thermo-regulator effects a contact this rod of the armature being
attracted draws down the arm of the lower detent allowing at the same time the
upper arm to fall down and its projection catches the notch of the disc D above
described. In this position the disc has made a half turn and lowered the
extinguisher. On retaking the normal position when the current is interrupted
the armature raises the upper detent arm, releasing the projection from that of the
disc which affects a half turn again, and raises the extinguisher.
Whilst the disc, makes this second movement the lower detent is raised by the
spring R¹ so that the lower projection n' engages in its turn with that of the disc
by which movement it causes the detent d to bring its appendix A¹ against the
balance wheel and thus stop the movement of the mechanism.
If gas be used the arrangement shown and described is replaced by another kind
of regulator shown at Figure 5 arranged as follows:
The box
A cubical box is hermetically closed except at the hole y where the gas enters by
the tube P which is prolonged into the box and the exit to the burner s.
also contains an electro-magnet surmounted by an armature and lever, the free end
of which provided with a conical plug stands above the orifice Z of the pipe P at a
distance of one or two millimetres to allow of the passage of the gas which flows
through the exit to the burner s. Therefore every time the thermo-regulator closes
the circuit and causes a current, the armature being attracted, lowers the conical
plug Spupon the inlet Z completely closing it. Thereon the light at s goes out.
There is however a capillary tube starting from the point N of the tube P and
ending at o in the burner s which being always supplied with gas keeps a littlé
flame burning which, serves to relight the burner as soon as the cooling of the
apparatus causes the thermo-regulator to break the circuit, whereóu the armaturė
retakes its original position and unstops the orifice Z permitting the gas to pass
again to the burner s which is forth with relighted. :
1.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, as communicated
to me by my foreign correspondent; I declare that what I claim is
1. The combination of parts forming the electro-mechanical regulator and
heating apparatus for incubators and the like, extinguishing the heating flame of
the lamp or gas burner as soon as and every time that the requisite temperature is
exceeded: the same being relighted automatically as soon as the temperature falls
sufficiently.
2. In incubators and the like the improved inethod of supplying warmth and
moisture to the eggs, consisting essentially of a hot air reservoir at the bottom of
the case, provided with a central tube into which the lamp or burner chiinney fits,
Baid reservoir having vertical divisions and a perforated plate for the better distri-
bution of the heat, and above it a water jacket heated directly by the reservoir and
affording the requisite moisture to the eggs,
7

page_text: 3. In incubators and the like an egg box A, placed above the reservoir R in such
a manner as to be completely surrounded by the heat and vapour given off by the
water jacket combined with a glazed lid through which the progress of the incuba-
tion may be observed.
4. In incubators the use of a metallic plate placed at the upper part of the
reservoir R and serving to regulate the degree of humidity.
5. In incubators the syphon reservoir B for replenishing the water jacket so as
to keep its level constant.
6. In incubators heated by oil lamps the above described method of controlling
the extinguishing apparatus.
7. In incubators heated by gas the above described apparatus controlling the
flame.
8. In incubators and the like the thermo-regulator above described devised
to control by its expansion or contraction according to the rise or fall of the
temperature, the degree of heat or of cooling and to produce electric contacts at
given points for the purpose of extinguishing or relighting the heating flame
or actuating an electric bell.
The whole substantially as described and shewn in the accompanying drawings.
Dated this 11th day of September 1885