Improvements in the Method of and Apparatus for Utilising the Heat of Spent Liquors or Liquids for Dyeing, Manufacturing, and other like Purposes..
Year: 1892

page_text: Date of Application, 26th Jan., 1892
Complete Specification Left, 26th Oct., 1892-Accepted, 3rd Dec., 1892
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Method of and Apparatus for Utilising the
Heat of Spent Liquors or Liquids for Dyeing, Manufacturing,
and other like Purposes..
I, JOHN DAWSON, of Eldon Bank, Greenhead Road, Huddersfield, Yorkshire,.
Manufacturing. Chemist, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:
'
This invention refers to the utilisation of the heat of spent liquors or liquids for.
the purpose of heating fresh supplies of cold water or liquids to be used in any of
the various manufacturing processes, in steam boilers, and for other similar purposes
where supplies of hot water are required, my object in such invention being to
greatly reduce the quantity of steam, and therefore the cost incidental to its
generation, at present required to heat and boil liquors or liquids. ..
In order to carry out my invention in heating water say for dyeing, I employ.a.
pipe, preferably having a "rose "at the end thereof, which is placed into and rests.!
upon the bottom of the dye vessel, the opposite end of said pipe communicating
with the top of a series of pipes, or a coil or coils of pipes, arranged within a separate .}
tank filled with the water which is to be heated..
I
A vacuum or other suitable form of pump is connected to the outlet or bottom of
the series of pipes or coil which draws the spent liquor out of the dye vessel and
through the series of pipes, or coil, thereby heating same and consequently the
water in the tank, the spent liquor, after the heat thereof has been fully utilised to..
heat the water surrounding the pipes passing through the pump into a discharge-1
pipe which 'conveys it to the river or other conduit.
1
The water heated as described, is conducted from the top of the tank and con-
veyed away to vessels or cisterns which are thus supplied with water at or near
boiling point, and very little steam is therefore required to bring it to a boil. By
this means the heat of the spent liquors which would otherwise be entirely. wasted
now serves to heat fresh supplies of cold water or liquids instead of steam being
employed for that purpose as at present, and therefore, the amount of steam used to
boil the liquor and maintain it at boiling point is thus considerably reduced and a ..
saving in fuel effected.
The tank is provided with a float connected with a valve which admits water to
the tank, said float automatically opening and closing the valve as the water in the
tank falls below or rises to the determined level.
The spent liquors or liquids from any of the various other manufacturing pro-
cesses are in the same manner as above set forth, drawn through the series of pipes
or coil in the tank and the water therein heated and subsequently used for any
purpose where hot water is required, or may be conveyed to the boiler, in all cases
the steam previously used for heating water being saved and employed only to boil
and maintain liquors or liquids at boiling point.
Dated this 25th day of January 1892.
TASKER & CROSSLEY,
Huddersfield, Agents for the Applicant.

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Method of and Apparatus for Utilising the
Heat of Spent Liquors or Liquids for Dyeing, Manufacturing,
and other like Purposes.
I, JOHN DAWSON, of Eldon Bank, Greenhead Road, Huddersfield, Yorkshire,
Manufacturing Chemist, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in
what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascer-
tained in and by the following statement:-
This invention has for its object the utilization of the heat of spent or waste
liquors or liquids for heating fresh water to be used in various manufacturing
processes in factories workshops and other places where quantities of liquids at
high temperature are being constantly or frequently used up and run off into the
river, and fresh water substituted therefor, as, for example, in dyehouses where the
water has to be raised to the boil in preparing the bath, for dyeing, and whereas,
instead of supplying the vessel with cold water and heating it with steam as is now
the case such vessel, according to my invention is supplied with water which has
been raised to within a few degrees of the heat of the boiling liquids discharged
from the dye vessel by fully absorbing such heat before the spent liquids are sent
into the river or conduit, whereby but little steam is necessary to boil the water,
and great economy and saving in fuel is effected.
In carrying out my invention, I employ suitable tube boxes and tubes arranged
in tiers or stacks within a large water tank into and through which tubes and
tube boxes the spent liquid is drawn or forced by pump injector or other like
means and the heat thereof radiated from the tubes to the water surrounding
them which thus becomes heated and can be supplied to various vessels where
hot water is required in manufacturing or trade processes. A float is provided
connected with a valve which admits water to the tank said float automatically
opening and closing the valve as the water falls below or rises to the determined
level.
In order that my invention may be more fully understood, reference is hereinafter
made to the accompanying drawings forming a part of this Specification, wherein
Fig. 1 is elevation in section of a vessel in which hot or boiling water is used in
carrying on some process of manufacture, a water tank having the tube stacks
therein, and a triple acting vacuum pump for drawing the spent liquid from its
containing vessel into and through the tube stacks and finally discharging it into
the river or conduit, the said parts forming a combined whole for effecting the
purposes of my invention of which the fresh water tank and tube stacks comprise
the most essential parts, the pump being of the construction shewn, or an ordinary
pump or injector which is on the premises and can be adapted to draw or force
spent liquids through the tube stacks.
Fig. 2 is a cross section of the water tank and tube stacks taken on line a, a, of
Fig. 1.
:
Fig. 3 is a sectional plan, slightly enlarged, of the upper tube boxes and tubes
taken on line, b, of Fig. 1.
Fig. 4 is an enlarged sectional plan of one of the tube boxes and tubes taken on
line c, c, of Fig. 5 shewing the method of connecting the tubes to the tube boxes
and making the joints watertight.
Fig. 5 is elevation of tube box taken on line d, d, of Fig. 4 shewing the tubes in
cross section.
The numerals used in referring to the several parts indicate corresponding parts
throughout.
1 indicates a vessel in which liquid at a high temperature is used in some process
of manufacture, said liquid after being exhausted or rendered of no further use,
being discharged from the vessel and fresh water supplied thereto for the next

page_text: process which fresh water it is my intention first to heat by absorption of the heat
contained in the spent liquid.
2 indicates the fresh water tank supported in the usual manner above the floor
level and near the top of the room or building. Cold water is supplied to the tank
through valve 3 which is opened and closed by a float 4 carried by lever 5 pivoted
to bracket 6 bolted to the side of the tank, and connected by rod 7 to the valve
spindle 8.
As the water in the tank falls below or rises to a fixed level, it causes the float 4
to descend or rise and oscillate the lever 5 which raises or lowers the valve spindle
and so admits or shuts off the admission of water. Within the fresh water tank 2
are the tube stacks arranged in tiers one above the other and consisting of upper
tube boxes 9, 10, and lower tube boxes 11, 12, and the two series of tubes 13
and 14 forming water passages communicating with the boxes 9, 10, and 11, 12,
respectively.
The tube boxes 9 and 11 are divided into three or more separate chambers or
compartments and the boxes 10 and 12 into two or more chambers or compartments
whilst the tubes are arranged in sections each connected with separate chambers in
the boxes so that the liquid shall be caused to flow from one compartment in the
boxes at one side to a compartment in the opposite boxes and from thence back
again to a second compartment in the opposite boxes, or, backwards and forwards
between the boxes. The tube boxes are cast with flanges 15 by which the upper
and lower boxes are coupled together and secured by bolts, and with other
flanges 16 to which are coupled the inlet pipe 17 and outlet pipe 18, the latter
having feet 19 by which one side of the water heater is supported, the opposite
side resting upon a beam 20 at the bottom of the water tank. A flange 21
projects all around the tube boxes to which lids or covers 22 are bolted to seal the
boxes.
The open ends of the tubes extend through the walls or shells of the tube boxes
as shewn in Figs. 3 and 4 and are inserted into short wood bushes or collars 23
driven tightly into openings 24 in the walls of the tube boxes. The wood bushes
or collars on becoming moistened expand and the inner walls thereof bind tightly
against the tubes 13 and 14 whilst the outer surfaces of the tubes also bind more
tightly against the sides of the openings 24 and expand at the extremities as
shewn plainly in Fig. 4 thereby engaging with the inner and outer faces of the
walls of the boxes and making a secure and tight joint.
The pump for drawing spent liquids from their containing vessels into and
through the tube stacks is a triple acting pump having three cylinders 25 fixed
within a cistern 26. Working within the cylinders are three buckets or pistons 27
which are perforated and covered with india rubber or leather washers or
diaphragms 28. The piston rods 29 pass through glands or stuffing boxes 30 at
the top of the cylinders and are hinged or pivoted at 31 to connecting rods 32
secured to the triple crank 33 which receives motion from the main driving
shaft 34 through pinion 35 and spur wheel 36. The crank and shafting are
supported in pedestals 37 and the pistons are guided vertically by slides 39 adapted
to slide vertically in ways in the pedestals 37 and 38.
The top and bottom of the cylinders are perforated and covered with india
rubber diaphragms 40 and 41 respectively which are caused to rise by the up
stroke of the pistons and admit water to and allow of the exit of water from the
cylinders, the diaphragms 28 being also raised clear of the faces of the pistons by
the resistance of water to their descent and permitting water to pass from the
bottom to the top side of said pistons.
The water discharged through the perforated tops of the cylinders passes out of
the cistern 26 through pipe 42 which conducts it away to the river o. other conduit.
The cylinders of the pump are coupled to the inlet pipe 43 communicating by
pipe 44 with the outlet pipe 18 of the tube stacks. The water or liquid in vessel 1
being at boiling point or slightly lower temperature and unfit for further use is
drawn by action of pump into pipe 51 through rose 52 at the end thereof and

page_text: •
passes from said pipe into the bottom of a box 55 supported on a platform 56,
thence upward through perforated tray 57 and inlet pipe 17 to the tube box 9
where it enters the chamber 45 (see Fig. 3) from whence it passes through the
series of tubes in connection therewith to the chamber 46 in the opposite box 10
and from said chamber it circulates through another series of tubes into the
chamber 47 then returns through a third series of pipes to the chamber 48 in
box 10 and finally passes through the fourth series of tubes into the chamber 49
in box 9 as clearly indicated by the several arrows in Fig. 3. The liquid is drawn
from the said chamber 49 down the pipe 50 into the lower tube box 111, where it
circulates backwards and forwards to and from the boxes 11 and 12 in precisely
the same manner as above described, but commencing from the chamber in box 11
which corresponds to the chamber 49 in box 9, and finally entering the chamber at
the opposite end of box 11 and directly under the chamber 45 in box 9; from
whence it passes down pipe 53 into the outlet pipe 18 and from there through
pipes 44 and 43 into the pump. The perforated tray 57 in box 55. prevents any
small pieces of wood, fibres or other substances which may be drawn with the liquid
through the rose 52 from passing to the tube boxes and tubes so that there will be
no liability of any of the tubes becoming choked up with accumulations of such
substances or bodies.
A door 58 gives access to the bottom of the box 55 for cleaning purposes.
By circulating the spent liquid through the tube stacks in the manner herein
set forth, a large heating surface is presented to the cold water in the tank 2 and
the heat in the spent liquid is thereby absorbed by the water in the tank, whose
temperature is thus gradually raised and reaches to within a few degrees of the
heat of the spent liquid before passing into the tube stacks. The tubes are
preferably made of copper which is a good conductor of heat and said tubes are of
small bore so as to ensure rapid conduction of the heat of the spent liquid to the
surrounding water.
Although there are only two series of tube boxes with their communicating
tubes shewn in the drawings, it will be evident that for heating much larger
quantities of water, there may be added thereto other tube boxes with the same or
a larger or smaller number of chambers or compartments and tubes which would.
be constructed and built up on the top of those shewn, in the manner described
with reference to the several figures, and it will be further obvious that instead of
the pump described herein, ordinary vacuum or force pumps or an injector which
may be already on the premises may be used for drawing or forcing the liquid
through the tube stacks. The hot water obtained by utilizing the heat of spent
liquids is drawn or flows from the top of the tank down a funnel mouthed pipe 54
from which the vessel 1 or other vessels may be supplied, and very little steam
will be necessary to boil the water.
By utilizing the heat of waste or spent liquids for heating fresh water the steam
which has hitherto had to be used for this purpose is not now required, and
therefore, a great saving in fuel is obtained wherever quantities of. hot water or
liquids are frequently used during the day and have from time to time to be
discharged and replaced with fresh water.
In Fig. 1 the pipe 44 is shewn in conjunction with a single vessel, but where
there are a number of vessels in use, as in a dye house, such said pipe may form a
main pipe and branch pipes be taken therefrom to the several vessels, and provided
with roses at their ends or coupled to the ordinary outlet pipe of said vessels,
this being a matter of arrangement depending upon surroundings and the number
and position of vessels in use.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that
. what I claim is :-
'
Firstly. The method of and means for utilizing the heat of spent or waste
liquors or liquids for heating fresh water substantially as herein set forth.

page_text: Secondly. The application and employment in combination with a fresh water
tank of tube boxes with tubes forming water passages between them and means for
automatically regulating the supply of fresh water to the tank all constructed and
arranged in the manner and for the purposes substantially as herein shewn and
described.
Thirdly. The combination, with apparatus for utilizing the heat of spent liquors
or liquids for heating fresh water, of a filter placed intermediate of the inlet to the
tube stacks and the source of supply of the spent liquids or liquors substantially as
herein shewn and for purposes described.
Fourthly. The general arrangement and construction of apparatus substantially
as herein shewn and described for utilizing the heat of spent liquors or liquids for
heating fresh water combined with a suitable pump or injector for drawing or
forcing the spent liquors or liquids through said apparatus.
Dated this 25th day of October 1892.
TASKER & CROSSLEY,
Huddersfield, Agents.