Improvements in or relating to the Production of Divided Negatives or Positives.
Year: 1894

page_text: Date of Application, 27th Apr., 1894
Complete Specification Left, 27th Feb., 1895-Accepted, 27th Apr., 1895
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in or relating to the Production of Divided Negatives
or Positives.
I, ROBERT STEWART CLOUSTON of Wymeswold, Watford, in the County of
Herts, Artist, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows :-
This invention relates to a new method of producing a divided negative.
Heretofore the screens have been regularly divided by lines or dots so that they
can be employed in photographing any number of different objects-the result
giving a "mechanical" appearance.
My invention has for its object the production of a divided negative or positive
varying in its lines to
express form," as in a wood block, line engraving or
etching.
66
The screen may be made in a number of different ways, but the method I prefer
is to cover an ordinary negative with a non-actinic ground, and then through the
ground, or through the ground and the film, I scratch lines or make dots of varying
directions so as to artistically translate the subject and I then form a positive by
the ordinary method. This positive when used in a camera as a screen will
produce a divided negative in photographing the original from which the negative
was taken.
When desired the screen can be touched up before use.
In the same manner I can make a positive from such a divided negative and
from it produce an intaglio plate.
This 7th 1...
Al 1001
W. P. THOMPSON & BOULT,
Agents for the Applicant.
Improvements in or relating to the Production of Divided Negatives
or Positives.
I, ROBERT STEWART CLOUSTON of Wymeswold, Watford in the County of
Herts, Artist, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement :-
My invention relates to the production of "divided" negatives or positives for
photographic typographic and other purposes. Hitherto divided negatives have
been produced by using a ruled or dotted "screen" and have been employed in
photographing any number of different objects; the ruled lines and dots being
however the same on all parts of the screen the result presented a mechanical
appearance. Another disadvantage of the present screens is that they tend to
"Hatten" the resulting print or plate.
To obviate this I make a screen for each negative in any of the ordinary ways,
such as biting on glass with the fumes of fluoric acid, or making a positive on glass
or other suitable substance from lines or dots formed in a layer of non-actinic or

page_text: partially actinic ground, or by any of the numerous well-known methods, or by
any combination of them.
One method of preparing a screen according to my invention is to take a piece
of glass or other transparent material and cover it with a thin layer of a non-
actinic substance. This piece of glass is placed upon the subject it is intended to
copy and then with an etching point, roulette, or other suitable tool I make lines
or dots.
I vary these lines, dots or tones so as to artistically translate the subjects as in
etching, stipple engraving or the like.
The lines and dots may further be varied not only in "direction" but by being
placed nearer one another in the darks and farther apart in the lights, or where a
screen is produced which is capable of being "retouched" the lights may be done
with a weak line or dot, and the darks with a strong, thus avoiding the flat result
obtained by the ordinary method. Or the intensity of a "harsh "original subject
may be diminished by reversing the method. Or I take a negative of a screen and
intensifying the spaces between the light lines thus produced, I can by placing
them in the camera register on a negative or positive of the original by which
means, or by superposition obtain a positive or negative in line, lighter in its light
lines and intensified in its dark.
This can be regulated to almost any extent by removing the copy and
substituting a piece of white or black paper when the plate has been partially
exposed.
The screens thus formed can be used in any of the usual ways either by super-
position, or by being placed in the camera and "registered" on the subject, or in
combination with any of the screens at present in use.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. A screen for the production of divided negatives and positives in which the
lines dots or tones are varied in intensity and direction to artistically translate the
subject.
2. A divided negative or positive made through a screen in which the lines dots
or tones are varied in direction.
3. A divided negative or positive made through a screen in which the lines dots
or tones are varied in their intensity so as to maintain enhance or diminish the
intensity or contrast of the original subject.
4. A divided negative or positive made by a combination of any such screens
with any of the ordinary screens.
5. A negative made by the superposition of any such screens.
6. A negative or positive made with a reverse of such screens.
Dated this 25th day of February 1895.
ROBERT STEWART CLOUSTON.
Boult & Wade,
Agents for the Applicant.
ROBERT STEWART CLOUSTON.
Boult & Wade,
Agents for the Applicant.