Year: 1897

page_text: Date of Application, 23rd Sept., 1897
Complete Specification Left, 23rd July, 1898-Accepted, 23rd Sept., 1898
I, ERNEST WILLIAM STEVENS, St. James' Foundry, St. James' Street, Taunton,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
My invention has reference to improvements in sheds or buildings that are used
for drying bricks and other articles made of clay, earthenware, or similar material
or for general drying purposes.
I carry my invention into practice in manner as follows:-
I construct a rectangular or other suitably shaped building of brick, wood, stone,
or any of the usual building material. By preference the building is of rectangular
shape in plan, the basement is sunk a certain required distance below the level of
the ground in this basement the furnaces are placed which heat the hot water
pipes which may be of the system known as Perkin's or the bigh pressure system
but I don't confine myself to the use of this system herein before named, any other
suitable system may be employed.
The floor upon which the clay or earthenware articles (such articles being herein-
after referred to as the goods) is placed to be dried is composed of rafters such
rafters being made of iron, steel, wood or any other suitable material.
From wall to wall or upon piers or pillars suitably placed are fixed girders or
instead of girders arches may be formed. Upon the girders or arches are placed
the herein before named rafters, and a certain suitable space is left between each
rafter and the adjacent rafter for the passage of heated air.
There may be one or more floors arranged above the other besides the ground
floor which is formed as hereinbefore described, or shelves may be formed at the
sides, ends, or middle of the floors where and as required.
The hot water circulating pipes from the heating furnace are carried in suitably
inclined directions, under any of the floors herein before described and one or more
heating furnaces and sets of hot water circulating pipes may be used.
The products of combustion from the furnace or furnaces are carried up by means
of pipes and are placed under the topmost portion of the roof of the building in
order to assist the upward current of heated air and to carry off the vapour arising
during the process of drying of goods, suitable apertures are provided in the side
walls or roof controlable at will if required for allowing the ingress of air or the
egress of vapour in connection with the structure afore described. Trollies or
trams may be used to run on suitable lines passing through or round the drying
shed, and suitable chambers divided in a suitable manner in which various degrees
of heat may be utilized in the process of drying, may be formed.
Dated this 22nd day of September 1897.
W. M. LLEWELLIN, C.E.,
15, King Square, Bristol, Agent for Applicant.

page_text: I, ERNEST WILLIAM STEVENS, St. James' Foundry, St. James' Street, Taunton,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement:―
My invention relates to improvements in sheds or buildings that are used for
drying bricks and other articles made of clay earthenware or similar material or
for general drying purposes.
In order that my invention may be more clearly understood I annex hereto one
sheet of drawings which will be taken and read as part of these presents. Like
letters apply to like parts in all the drawings.
Figure 1. Is a longitudinal sectional elevation of the drying house.
Figure 2.
Is a plan of the first floor of the house, the right hand part of the
drawing showing the flooring in position and the left hand part showing the
flooring removed exposing to view the joists and the hot water pipes attached to
the underside of joists.
Figure 3 is a cross section of a joist.
A A¹ are the external walls of the building.
that the basement may be sunk below the level
level or raised above the level of the ground as
For the sake of clearness the drawing shows
sunk below the level of the ground.
The building may be placed so
of the ground or it may be on a
may be most desirous or suitable.
the building with the basement
A¹ are foundations. B is a smoke stack. B¹ foundation of sinoke stack. G are
joists being supported by the walls or buttresses. Upon the joists are inade strips L
herinafter called flooring strips made of wood metal or other suitable material
which are suitably fastened down to the joists. Air spaces K of certain required
width are left between the flooring strips L. HH are furnaces of any suitable
construction placed in the basement and from them heated coils D D¹ are carried
up and below the joists G and rest on pipe hangers F. The coils shown in the
drawing are marked D D¹ E E¹. C is a flue pipe leading from the furnace and is
carried up through the floors M and N. Above the floor space of N the flue is
inclined at C C until it enters the smoke stack B. I are Louvre boards which
can be opened or closed at pleasure and J are ventilators. O P are doorways giving
access to the floors M N. Q is a doorway giving access to the basement R are air
holes in the basement.
The hot water pipes can be so arranged that the coils from the furnaces H H¹
may be carried to the other end of the drying house A and A¹ respectively and thus
each furnace treats a longitudinal half of the drying house or they may be arranged so
that they can heat all that half of house lying between the wall A and a line drawn
from the centre of the house parallel to wall A and A¹. Or the furnaces may heat
coils that will heat any other suitable part or parts of the building.
The method of working this drying house is as follows:-
The class of goods herein before mentioned that require to be dried are placed on
the floors M N and arranged on benches or shelves in a suitable manner the
arrangement being such that air can more or less pass between them. The
furnaces H H are now put into operation, and the temperature of the water in
the pipes raised the result of this action is that outside air is drawn in through air
holes R and passes over the heated coils D D¹ and through the air spaces K between
the flooring pieces L of the floor M, & circulates over and around the plastic goods
placed on the floor M and by means of the heat imparted to the goods by the
warmed air evaporates a certain amount of moisture contained in the goods.
The

page_text: moist air further passes over and around the heated coils E E' and thence through
The heated air has
the air spaces K between the flooring pieces L of the floor N.
a similar effect upon the goods situated on the floor N as it has upon those on the
floor M in manner as hereinbefore described.
The warm air now being fully charged with moisture escapes between the lower
boards I or ventilators J. The waste heat imparted to the top floor N by the heat
from the flue pipe C₁C" assists materially in raising the temperature in the air
space of the floor N and assists to further induce the current of warm air from the
basement to the top floor of the drying house.
The joists when made of iron may have a strip of wood attached to the top side
in order that the fastening down of the flooring pieces may be more readily
effected. Figure 3 shows this arrangement and is a cross section of the iron joist
and wooden top to which flooring piece is attached to.
G are the joists.
T the wooden top. V the screw or other device for fastening wood down.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. The method of constructing drying houses substantially in the manner as
herein set forth and described.
2. The arrangement of hot water pipes in connection with drying
substantially in the manner as herein set forth and described.
.
houses
3. The arrangement of air spaces in connection with hot water pipes in drying
houses substantially in the manner as set forth and described.
4. The arrangement of flues in connection with drying houses substantially in
W. M. LLEWELLIN, C.E.,
15, King Square, Bristol, Agent for Applicant.