IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR MEASURING, INDICATING AND RECORDING OR REGISTERING THE SPEED AND DIRECTION OF ROTATION OF SHAFTS, WHEELS AND THE LIKE AND THE SPEED OF MOTION OF WHEELED CARRIAGES AND SHIPS, THE IMPROVE- PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION
Year: 1883

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Sir Archibald Campbell Campbell, Baronet. of Blythswood,
in the county of Renfrew, North Britain and Walter Thomas Goolden, of
Bayswater, in the county of Middlesex for an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS
IN APPARATUS FOR MEASURING, INDICATING AND RECORDING OR REGISTERING
THE SPEED AND DIRECTION OF ROTATION OF SHAFTS, WHEELS AND THE LIKE
AND THE SPEED OF MOTION OF WHEELED CARRIAGES AND SHIPS, THE IMPROVE-
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Archibald Campbell Campbell
and Walter Thomas Goolden at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents
on the 21st March 1883.
Sir ARCHIBALD CAMPBELL CAMPBELL, Baronet, of Blythswood, in the county of
Renfrew, North Britain and WALTER THOMAS GOOLDEN of Bayswater, in the
county of Middlesex "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR MEASURING, INDICATING,
AND RECORDING OR REGISTERING THE SPEED AND DIRECTION OF ROTATION OF
SHAFTS, WHEELS AND THE LIKE AND THE SPEED OF MOTION OF WHEELED CARRIAGES
AND SHIPS, THE IMPROVEMENTS BEING ALSO APPLICABLE TO OTHER PURPOSES
"
This invention relates to improvements in apparatus for measuring and indicating
or recording the speed of rotation of wheels, shafting or the like or the difference in
the speed of two or more rotating bodies, the speed of motion of wheeled carriages
and ships, also for measuring and indicating the strength of electric currents and
the velocity of currents of air and other fluids.
In carrying out our invention for indicating and recording or registering the
speed and direction of rotation of a shaft or the like, we employ a cone which is
caused to revolve round its axis; a screw carrying a nut is placed parallel to the
face of the cone so that the periphery of the nut presses against the conical surface
and is made to revolve in an opposite direction to the cone. The nut being turned
by pressing against the cone will have a velocity imparted to it varying according

page_text: to its distance from the apex of the cone. If its velocity equals that of the screw,
it will remain always in the same position on the screw, but if the speed of either
the screw or the cone be altered, the velocity of rotation of the nut will differ from
that of the screw and it will consequently move along the screw until it reaches
such a position that its speed of revolution becomes again equal to that of the
screw, when it will become stationary longitudinally. It is obvious then, that if
either the cone or the screw be driven at a constant known speed, the position of
the nut will depend upon the speed of either the cone or the screw as the case may
be whose speed is not constant and the nut can be made to indicate on a scale or
dial the variable speed at any given moment. Again if both the cone and the
screw be made to vary in speed from time to time, the position of the nut can be
made to indicate the difference of the speeds. at any instant by employing a suitable
sliding scale. The cone or screw may either be separate from and be connected to
the shaft or wheel, whose speed of rotation is required to be known, by belting,
gearing or in any other suitable manner, or one or both of them may form part of
the revolving machinery. When it is desirable that either the cone or the screw
shall be driven at a constant known speed, this may be effected by any suitable
motor such as by a clock or by steam, air or water pressure, electricity or from the
revolving machinery itself whose speed it is to measure. If the power be derived
from a spring or weight, as when a clock is used, these may if required be wound
up by the engine whose speed is indicated without interfering with its action.
The indication of the speed may be made on a scale or dial or in any other suitable
way such as by mechanical connection, or it inay be transferred to any distance by
air or water pressure or by the aid of electricity, so that any number of indicators
may be simultaneously acted upon in various positions at any distance from the
apparatus..
When the indicators are required to register the direction of rotation this is
effected by a sliding clutch operated by the shaft or engine.
...If it is desired, the speed may be continuously recorded on a drum or slip.
It will be evident that this principle of indicating speed is also applicable to the
measurement and indication of the strength of electric currents, the velocity of
currents of air or of liquids, the speed of wheeled carriages, trains or ships.
For transmitting the indications of the apparatus to a distance by means of
electricity, we employ a dial having electro-magnets under each figure or number,
so arranged that a magnetic needle is attracted to the electro-magnet which is
excited by a current communicated from the apparatus by the action of the nut.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said Archibald Campbell Campbell and Walter Thomas Goolden in
the Great Seal Patent Office on the 21st September 1883.
"
Sir ARCHIBALD CAMPBELL CAMPBELL, Baronet, of Blythswood in the county of
Renfrew North Britain and WALTER THOMAS GOOLDEN of Bayswater in the
county of Middlesex IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR MEASURING, INDICATING
AND RECORDING OR REGISTERING THE SPEED AND DIRECTION OF ROTATION OF
SHAFTS, WHEELS AND THE LIKE, AND THE SPEED OF MOTION OF WHEELED CARRIAGES
AND SHIPS, THE IMPROVEMENTS BEING ALSO APPLICABLE TO OTHER PURPOSES
"
This invention relates to improvements in apparatus for measuring and indicating
or recording the speed of rotation of wheels, shafting or the like, or the difference
in or ratio of the speed of two or more rotating bodies, the speed of motion of
wheeled carriages and ships, also for measuring and indicating the strength of
electric currents and the velocity of currents of air and other fluids.
In carrying out our invention for indicating and recording or registering the
speed and direction of rotation of a shaft or the like, we employ a cone which is
caused to revolve round its axis; a screw carrying a nut is placed parallel to the
face of the cone so that the periphery of the nut presses against the conical surface
and is made to revolve in an opposite direction to the cone. The nut being turned
by pressing against the cone will have a velocity, imparted to it varying according
to its distance from the apex of the cone. If its velocity equals that of the screw
it will remain always in the same position on the screw, but if the speed of either
the screw or the cone be altered, the velocity of rotation of the nut will differ from
that of the screw and it will consequently move along the screw until it reaches
such a position that its speed of révolution becomes again equal to that of the
when it will become stationary longitudinally. It is then obvious that if
either the cone or the screw be driven at a constant known speed the position of
the nút will depend upon the speed of either the cone or the screw as the case may
be whose speed is not constant, and the nut can be made to indicate on a scale or
dial the variable speed at any given moment. Again, if both the cone and the
screw be made to vary in speed from time to time, the position of the nut can be
made to indicate the ratio of the speeds at any instant by employing a suitable
sliding scale. The cone or screw may either be separate from the shaft or wheel,
whose speed of rotation is required to be known and be connected to it by belting,
gearing, or in any other suitable manner, or one or both of them may form part of
the revolving machinery.
screw,
When it is desirable that either the cone or the screw shall be driven at a
constant known speed, this may be effected by any suitable motor such as by clock-
work or by steam, air or water pressure, electricity, or from the revolving
machinery itself, whose speed it is to measure. If the power be derived from a
spring or weight, as when clockwork is used,, these may if required be wound up
by the engine whose speed is indicated without interfering with its action.
The indication of the speed may be made on a scale or dial or in any other
suitable way by mechanical connection, or it may be transferred to any distance
by air or water pressure or by the aid of electricity and any number of indicators
may be simultaneously acted upon in various positions at any distance from the
apparatus.
The dial or indicator may be readily made to shew the direction as well as the
speed of the rotation by various means as for instance by a sliding clutch operated.
by the shaft or engine.
If it is desired the speed may be continuously recorded on a drum or slip.
For transmitting the indications of the apparatus to a distance by means of
electricity, we employ a multiple cable communicating with a dial having electro-
nagnets corresponding to each figure or number, so arranged that a spring or a

page_text: .
magnetic needle carrying a pointer is attracted to the electro magnet which is
excited by the current communicated from the apparatus by the action of the nut.
In order to enable our invention to be fully understood we will proceed to
describe the same by reference to the accompanying drawing in which figure 1,
represents a side elevation partly in section and figure 2, a plan of an apparatus
constructed according to our invention for measuring and indicating the speed and
direction of rotation of shafts, wheels and the like; figures 3, and 4, are a horizontal
and a vertical transverse section on the lines M N, and K L, respectively of
figure 1; figure 5, is a detached plan view shewing the arrangement of sliding
clutch; figures 6 to 13 are full sized details of some of the parts of the indicating
apparatus; figures 1 to 5 are drawn to a scale of about one third full size and
similar letters in all the figures represent similar parts.
a, is the cone which is caused to revolve in suitable bearings D D, 'by any
suitable motor such as the clockwork arrangement hereinafter described and
shewn at A; b, is the screw placed parallel to the face of the cone a, and revolving
in bearings E; c, is the nut on the screw b, the periphery of the said nut c, pressing
against the surface of the cone a, so that it is thereby caused to revolve in an
opposite direction to the cone; the nut c, carries in a loose bearing c³, a roller c²,
which bears upon electrical contact pieces d², insulated from one another in the
frame of the apparatus; the said contact pieces are connected with the indicating
apparatus hereinafter described by means of conducting wires e²; and the roller
serves to place these wires successively in electrical communication with a battery
or dynamo by a suitable conducting plate d³, and a wire (not shewn in the drawing)
these portions being suitably insulated from the rest of the machine; f², f2, are
springs for forcing the nut back into contact with the cone a, in case of it travelling
past the apex or base of the cone as the case may be. The plate d³, is divided and
numbered or marked so that the position of the nut on the plate will indicate its
speed of rotation.
Motion is transmitted to the screw b, from the shaft d, (whose speed of rotation
is required to be known) by means of gearing e, e¹, e², e³, and et, pullies f, f', and a
band g; the wheels e, and el, are loose on the shaft f³, of the pulley f, (or instead
of pullies and a band, toothed gearing and a spring clutch may be employed, and
are for marine purposes preferred); the clockwork arrangement is wound up by
the shaft d, of the engine whose speed is to be indicated by means of the drum h,
which communicates motion to the fast and loose pulleys i, and j, by the driving
band, which is automatically shifted from the fast pulley i, onto the loose
pulley, (as the winding up is effected) by means of a lever l, in the following
manner; the lever l, is jointed to two connecting links a', and a², pivotting at m,
and n, the connecting link a', being provided with a fork a³; the lever 1, is
operated in a horizontal direction by a toothed nut o, travelling on a screw:p, and
gearing with a long pinion q, fixed on the same shaft as the pulley ; the long.
pinion q, so long as the strap k, is on the fast pulley turns the toothed wheel 7, and
winds up the spring in the barrel s; by the time the winding up has been effected
the toothed nut o, will have arrived at the end of the screw p, and will have.
shifted the strap k, from the fast pulley i, onto the loose pulley j, when the
winding of the spring in the barrel s, will cease and the clock work mechanism is
thus prevented from being overwound; as the spring unwinds, the screw p, will be
caused to revolve by means of the toothed wheel t, gearing with the pinion u,
which runs loose on the shaft of the pulley i, and is in gear with the barrel
wheel v; the screw p, in revolving will cause the toothed nut o, to slide back on it!
and thus by means of the lever l, will shift the strap k, from the loose onto the
fast pulley when the mechanism will again commence to be wound up and so on.
One arrangement of mechanism for indicating the speed when the indication of
such speed is to be transmitted to a distance by means of electricity is shewn at B
figures 1, 2 and 4, and in the details at figures 6, to 13. w, are the indicator
plates and x, x, are the electro-magnets placed under each figure or number on the
same; y, y, are the needles pivotting at z, and provided at their upper ends with

page_text: pointers or indicators b¹; the needles y, are normally held in a vertical position by
means of the springs c¹, and are attracted to the electro magnets, when the
magnets are excited by a current of electricity communicating from the measuring
apparatus as hereinafter described when the needles y, fall into an oblique position
and indicate the speed on the plates w. The needles will point one side or the
other according to the direction of the current sent through the electro magnets,
thus shewing the direction of rotation of the shaft as hereinafter described. We
have shewn (for the sake of convenience) the indicating mechanism placed on
the top of the case of the apparatus but it will be obvious that it may be placed
in any other suitable position and connected with the measuring apparatus by a
cable.
The sliding clutch arrangement for maintaining the revolution of the screw b,
always in one direction even when the rotation of the shaft d, is reversed (and
which is also used in connection with a commutator for reversing the current) is
shewn at C, figures 1 and 5, and consists of the clutch d, turning with the.
shaft, of the pulley f, and sliding between the loose wheels e, and e¹; the
clutch d', is caused to engage with and operate the gearing e, e³, es, or the
gearing e¹, e, (according to the direction in which the shaft d, rotates) by means
of the lever g, pivotting at h¹, which lever is operated by the worm i, on the
shaft d, thus the screw b, is always caused to rotate in the same direction whatever
be the direction of rotation of the shaft d. The clutch d', is also made to reverse
by its action, an electrical commutator (not shewn in the drawing) placed in the
circuit of the indicator, and thus the direction of rotation is caused to be indicated
by one of the needles y.
The operation of the apparatus is as follows:-
The shaft d, being set in motion the clockwork mechanism will be wound up
as herein before described and will communicate a rotary motion to the cone a,
which is maintained at a constant speed by a suitable governor not shewn in the
drawing; the periphery of the nut c, bearing against the surface of the cone a, will
be revolved in an opposite direction to the cone; at the same time the screw b,
will have a rotary motion communicated to it of a speed proportional to the speed
of rotation of the shaft d, by means of the gearing e, e³, e, or el, e², and the
pulleys f, and f¹, and band g. The nut c, being turned by pressing against the
cone a, will have a velocity imparted to it varying according to its distance from
the apex of the cone and increasing as it approaches the base of the cone. If its
velocity equals that of the screw b, it will remain always in the same position on
the screw but if the speed of the screw be altered the velocity of rotation of the
nut will differ from that of the screw and it will consequently move along the
screw until it reaches such a position that its speed of rotation becomes again equal
to that of the screw when it will become stationary longitudinally. It is obvious
then that the cone being driven at a constant known speed the position of the nut
will depend upon the speed of the screw and this speed will be indicated by the
roller on the plate d³, and also on one of the plates w, by means of the roller c²,
completing the electrical circuit between the particular contact piece d², over which
it may be passing and the electro magnet of the corresponding number or figure on
the indicating plates w, each of which is numbered or marked so as to correspond
with the indications of the plate d³.
When the indications of the apparatus have not to be communicated to a distance
the electrical arrangements for this purpose are not required, the indications being
made on the plate d³, by a pointer on the nut c.
Although we have described and shewn an apparatus in which a constant known
speed is communicated to a cone and the variable speed to a screw it will be
evident that this arrangement may be reversed also that instead of a cone a disc
may be employed turning in a plane parallel to the axis of the screw, which is then
placed parallel to a diameter of the disc.
If both the cone and the screw be made to vary in speed from time to time the
position of the nut can be made to indicate the ratio of the speeds at any instant

page_text: .
by employing a suitable sliding scale as will be understood without further
description.
Again, if two screws, one on either side of the cone be employed it is easy to see
that the difference of their speed or of the machinery to which they are respectively
attached can be measured and shewn.
.
The cone or screw may be connected to the shaft or wheel whose speed of
rotation is required to be known in any other suitable manner than that described
and shewn in the drawing or one or both of them may form part of the revolving
machinery.
Any other suitable motor than that shewn and described may be employed for
driving either the cone or the screw at a constant known speed, when this is
desired, such as steam, air or water pressure, electricity, or power may be obtained
from the revolving machinery itself whose speed it is to measure, and the clock-
work mechanism, when such is employed may be wound up in any other suitable
manner than that shewn and described.
The indication of the speed may be made on a scale or dial or in other suitable
way than that shewn and described such as by mechanical connection or it may be
transferred to a distance by air or water pressure. Again, the electrical indicating
apparatus may be so arranged that any number of indicators may be simul-
taneously acted upon in various positions at any distance from the apparatus.
It will be evident that this principle of indicating speed is also applicable to the
measurement and indication of the strength of electric currents, the velocity of
currents of air or of liquids, the speed of wheeled carriages, tramcars, trains, or
ships, by attaching the apparatus to a body or shaft revolved by the current of
electricity, air, or liquid as the case may be, or to the carriage, train or ship.
Having thus described the nature of our said invention and a suitable means
of carrying the same into effect we wish it to be understood that what we
claim is
Firstly. An apparatus for indicating and recording or registering the speed and
direction of rotation of a shaft or the like or the difference in or ratio of the speed
of two or more rotating bodies, in which a cone (or a disc) and a screw are caused
to revolve in opposite directions, the said cone (or the disc) revolving a nut on the
screw, the position of the nut being indicated by suitable mechanism so as to
indicate the speed of revolution of the shaft or the like substantially as and for the
purposes herein before described.
Secondly. The general arrangement and construction of the improved apparatus
for indicating and recording or registering the speed and direction of rotation of a
shaft or the like or the difference in the speed of two or more rotating bodies, the
said apparatus operating substantially in the manner and for the purposes herein-
before described and represented in the accompanying drawing.
In Witness whereof I the said Walter Thomas Goolden for and on behalf of
myself and the said Sir Archibald Campbell Campbell have hereto. set my hand
and seal this twentieth day of September in the year of our Lord one thousand
eight hundred and eighty three
Witness
G F REDFERN
Patent Agent
-
South St Finsbury
London.
WALIER.THOMAS GOULDIN (L.S.)