Improvements in Motors Actuated by Gases under High Pressure.
Year: 1899

page_text: Date of Application, 24th Jan., 1899-Accepted, 6th May, 1399
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Motors Actuated by Gases under High Pressure.
I, LEWIS BOYD WHITE, Mechanical Engineer, of 1123, Broadway, in the City of
New York, Borough of Manhattan, County of New York, State of New York, in
the United States of America, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and
in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement:-
This invention relates to improvements in motors.
The object of my invention is to provide a new and improved motor to be
operated by gases under an extremely high tension, for example, such as liquified
or compressed carbon dioxide, which motor is simple in construction, economical
in use, prevents all leakage of the motive fluid, can be reversed at will and can
be worked at any desired degree of expansion, thus bringing the motor easily under
full and absolute control of the operator or attendant.
In the accompanying drawings, forming a part of this specification, and in which
like letters of reference indicate like parts in all the figures:
Figure 1 is a plan view of my improved motor, parts being omitted.
Figure 2 is an end view of the motor.
Figure 3 is a vertical longitudinal sectional view on the line 3-3 of Figure -4.
Figure 4 is a detail horizontal sectional view on the line 4-4 of Figure 3.
Figure 5 is a detail horizontal sectional view of the piston.
Figure 6 is a vertical longitudinal detail sectional view through one of the
exhaust valves.
Figure is an enlarged detail horizontal sectional view through the shaft for
operating the inlet valves.
Figure 8 is an enlarged detail elevation of the inlet valve operating mechanism,
parts being in section on the line 8-8 of Figure 7.
Figure is a similar view showing the parts in other positions.
The motor has three cylinders A which are formed by boring into a solid
metal block A', on the ends of which the two end plates A and A3 are bolted which
form the ends or heads of the cylinders.
Each cylinder contains a piston B having two heads B. which are connected
with cach other by two parallel partitions 132 and each piston head is provided
with a proper packing ring 133 of any approved construction.
The piston rods C and the guide rods C project from the opposite piston
heads B and are guided in suitable stuffing boxes C on the end plates A2 A³.
The block A is provided with an opening D, in one face for each cylinder, said
openings extending from the face of the block to the bores of the cylinders.
The block A is provided, for each cylinder, with the two longitudinal bores E
and F, extending from end to end, and the bores E and F are so located that
half of their section is within one side wall of the opening D as appears in dotted
lines in Figure 2 and in full lines in Figure 3.
Each bore F contains a cylindrical exhaust valve G at each end, which exhaust

page_text: valves fit with minute exactness in the bores F and are of considerable length to
avoid any leakage. The exhaust ports G¹ are located at the ends of the bores }'
and extend from the cylinder through the bores F to the outer surface of the
block A so that they can be closed by the valves G.
The two valves G in the opposite ends of one and the same bore F are attached
to a valve stem G2 located longitudinally in the bore F and having a central
enlargement H, provided in the side facing the opening D, with a recess H¹ having
the triangular ends H2.
An arm I is mounted to rock between the partitions 132 of each piston on the
central longitudinal line of the piston and midway between the ends of the piston
and the outer end of such arm I passes into the longitudinal slot I² of an arm I'
mounted to rock on a shaft J to be described hereinafter, thus forming a telescopic
or extensible lever.
The arm 12 passes through the recess H¹ in the enlargement H of the exhaust
valve stem G2 in such a manner that the side edge of said arm rests on the side of
the recess or is close to the same and when said arm is rocked it alternately strikes
the opposite peaked ends H2 of the recess H₁ and thereby shifts both exhaust
valves & longitudinally a short distance, that is, sufficiently to cover or uncover
the exhaust ports G¹.
The two inlet valves K, one for each end of each cylinder, are located in the
bores E.
Each valve K is contained in a casing K' which is screwed into an end of a
bore E, the casing being provided with a seat K³ for the valve K, attached to a
stem L passing longitudinally through the casing, to the inner end of the same,
beyond which it projects through a stuffing box K³ the outer end of the stem
carrying a head L' which projects more or less into the opening D, as shown in
Figure 1.
A helical spring L² surrounding the stem L within the casing K' presses the
valve K on its seat K².
A small chamber M is formed in the casing K directly below the valve seat K²
and this chamber is brought into communication with the end of the cylinder A
by duct M formed in the end plate A2 or A³ and the wall of the casing as shown
in Figure 1, so that the motive fluid is admitted from the valve casing directly
into the extreme end part of the cylinder.
Each valve casing Khas its outer end connected by a neck N' with a chamber N
of which one is located at each end of the block A, said chambers being connected
with each other by the necks N2 and the bores N³ through the block A, and one
of the chambers is provided with a supply pipe N through which the motive
fluid is conducted to said chambers, from which it passes to the several inlet valves
and cylinder ends.
A. fubular shaft J is mounted to rotate in bearings formed in arms 0² on the
top of the block A but in such manner that it cannot move longitudinally.
A hevel cog wheel 03 is fixed on one end off the tubular shaft J and is engaged
by a bevel cog wheel ( on a shaft carrying at its opposite end the bevel cog
wheel 06 engaging the bevel cog wheel 07 on the crank shaft of the motor. A.
shaft P is mounted loosely within the tubular shaft J in such a manner that it
can be shifted longitudinally in said tubular shaft by means of a lever P swiveled
to or otherwise suitably connected with one end of said shaft P.
The shaft P has a longitudinal groove or way P2 into which a key or stud P³
extends from the tubular shaft so as to compel the shaft P to rotate with the
tubular shaft J. The shaft P has a longitudinal slot R at each cylinder and the
metal of the shaft is cut away so as to form an inclined track or way R' at each
side of the slot, the upper and lower edges of each track or way being parallel to
each other but the two tracks or ways are pitched in opposite directions but have
the same pitch. Two cam plates S and S are passed through each slot R
diametrically with the smooth inner faces in contact and on the outer face each
cam plate S or S₁ is provided at each end with a lug aa the inner edges of the

page_text: lugs resting snugly on the edges of the inclined ways or tracks R' so that by
moving the shaft longitudinally in the hollow shaft J the cam plates. S S will
be moved diametrically in relation to the shaft P but in opposite directions as the
ways or tracks R' are inclined in opposite directions.
The tubular shaft J has slots which register with the slots R but are of less
length. A shaft V is held in the outer ends of the arms 0 and on the same
two opposite shaped levers T are mounted for each cylinder in such a manner
that they extend over or across the slots J and extend into the openings D and
their free ends rest against the heads L' on the inner ends of the inlet valve
stems L.
The operation is as follows;
As shown in Figure 3 the piston is just about to complete its out stroke. The
arms I has struck the outer end H2 of the recess H' in the enlargement H of
the exhaust valve stem and thereby moved both exhaust valves G outward so that
the outer or right hand exhaust valve G has closed the outer exhaust port G¹ and
the inner or left hand exhaust valve G has been moved inward to such an extent
as to open the inner exhaust port G so that the exhaust gas to the left of the
piston can pass out of the cylinder through the exhaust port. (See central cylinder
of Figure 3.)
The exhaust valves remain in these positions until the in stroke is about com-
pleted and shortly before such in stroke is completed the arm I¹ strikes against
the inner end H2 of the recess H' and shifts both exhaust valves inward whereby
the inner exhaust port G is closed and the outer port opened.
Immediately after the piston has begun its in stroke the end of the outer lever W
is acted upon by one of the cam plates S and S₁ and pressed outward slightly and
as the free end of said lever rests against the head L on the stem of the outer
inlet valve K, said valve is lifted off its seat a short distance permitting a certain
quantity of the motive fluid to pass to the outer end of the cylinder, which motive
fluid expands and forces the piston inward.
When the piston has completed its in stroke and has just begun its out stroke.
a small quantity of motive fluid is admitted in a similar manner into the inner end
of the cylinder by the action of a cam S or S' on the inner level T of said cylinder
and so alternately for each cylinder in regular order.
The shaft J is so geared that it rotates at precisely the same speed as the crank
shaft O. When the motor is to run in one direction the sliding shaft P is so
adjusted that set of cam plates, for example S, projects beyond the tubular shaft
sufficiently to act on the levers T successively, as for example, shown in Figure 8,
whereby the two inlet valves are opened in proper order for each cylinder.
When the motor is to run in the reverse direction the shaft P is shifted so that
the other cam S projects as shown in Figure 9.
Only one end of one cam plate projects beyond the circumference of the
tubular shaft 3, the other one being withdrawn, with the circumference of said
shaft J as shown.
Thus to reverse the direction it is only necessary to shift the shaft P longitu-
dinally.
To adjust the motor to cut off to any desired degree it is only necessary to adjust
the shaft P so that the end of the cam plate S or S1 projects to a greater or less
extent beyond the circumference of the tubular shaft J as thereby the inlet
valves are opened to a greater or less degree.
The person in charge of the motor can thus reverse the same at will and can
vary the cut-off at will as may be required. The exhaust ports G₁ are closed by
the exhaust valves an instant before the piston completes its stroke and thus the
piston is cushioned.
Each piston is carried by remaining pistons about one-eight to three-sixteenths
of an inch, on its return stroke before the motive fluid is admitted so as to give
the latter space in which to expand, the slots in the shafts J and P being located
accordingly.

page_text: Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is:.
1. In a motor, the combination with cylinders and pistons therein, of a pivotally
mounted lever operated by each piston and two exhaust valves for each cylinder,
which exhaust valves are operated directly from said levers and inlet valves,
substantially as herein shown and described."
2. In a motor, the combination with cylinders and pistons therein, of a pivotally
mounted lever for each piston, two connected exhaust valves for each cylinder,
which valves are actuated directly by said lever and inlet valves, substantially as
herein shown and described.
3. In a motor, the combination with cylinders and pistons therein, of a pivotally
mounted lever operated directly by each piston, two exhaust valves for each cylin-
der, a stem connecting the two exhaust valves of each cylinder, and having two
shoulders on which the rocking lever can act to shift the stem and the two exhaust
valves thereon and inlet valves, substantially as herein shown and described.
4. In a motor, the combination with cylinders and pistons therein which pistons
are composed of two heads and partitions connecting them, of a lever pivoted to the
partitions of each piston, two exhaust valves for each cylinder operated directly by
said lever and inlet valves, substantially as herein shown and described.
5. In a motor, the combination with cylinders and pistons therein, of a tele-
scopic rocking lever pivoted to each piston and having its outer end mounted
pivotally, two exhaust valves for each cylinder, which exhaust valves are actuated
directly from said levers and inlet valves for said cylinders, substantially as herein
shown and described.
6. In a motor, the combination with a cylinder having an opening in its side
and a piston, composed of two heads, united by partitions, of a lever pivoted
to the partitions and passing through said opening, two exhaust valves for the
cylinder and actuated directly by said lever and inlet valves, substantially as
herein shown and described.
7. In a motor, the combination with a cylinder having an opening in its side
and a piston, of exhaust valves united by a stem, passing through said opening, a
rocking lever operated by the piston and in turn operating said valve stem and
inlet valves for the cylinder, substantially as herein shown and described.
8. In a motor, the combination with a cylinder having an opening in its side
and a piston in said cylinder of exhaust valves, a stem uniting them and passing
through said opening, a lever operated by the piston and passing through said
opening and in turn actuating the stem uniting the exhaust valves, inlet valves
for the cylinder, stems on said inlet valves and extending into said opening and
means for operating said inlet valves, substantially as herein shown and described.
9. In a motor, the combination with a cylinder having an opening in its side
and a piston in said cylinder, of inlet and exhaust valves having stems within
said opening and independent means for operating levers for operating the inlet
valves and the exhaust valves, which levers extend into said opening, substantially
as herein shown and described.
10. In a motor, the combination with a cylinder having an opening in its side,
and a piston in said cylinder, of two inlet valves for said cylinder, the inner ends
cf the stems of said valves extending into said opening, two levers extending into
said opening for operating the said inlet valves and means for operating said
levers from the moving parts of the motor and exhaust valves, substantially as
herein shown and described.
11. In a motor, the combination with a cylinder and a piston therein, of exhaust
valves, inlet valves, levers for actuating the inlet valves and means for varying
the throw of said levers while the motor is in operation, substantially as herein
shown and described..
12. In a motor, the combination with a cylinder and a piston in the same, of
exhaust valves, inlet valves, levers for operating the inlet valves, a shaft on which

page_text: the said levers are pivotally mounted and means for operating said levers and
means for varying the throw of said levers, substantially as herein shown and
described.
13. In a motor, the combination with a cylinder and a piston therein, of exhaust
valves, inlet valves, pivotally mounted levers for operating said inlet valves, a
shaft for actuating said levers and adjustable cams on said shaft for actuating
said levers, substantially as herein shown and described.
14. In a motor, the combination with a cylinder and a piston therein, of exhaust
valves, inlet valves, pivotally mounted levers for actuating said inlet valves, a
shaft for actuating said levers, cam adjustable diametrically in said shaft and means
for shifting said cams, substantially as herein shown and described.
15. In a motor, the combination with a cylinder and a piston therein, of exhaust
valves, inlet valves, levers for actuating the inlet valves, a rotary shaft for actuat-
ing levers, two cams in said shaft, for each pair of levers and means for shifting
said cams at the same time but in opposite directions, substantially as herein
shown and described.
16. In a motor, the combination with a cylinder and a piston therein, of exhaust
valves, inlet valves, levers for actuating them, two cams for each pair of levers, and
mounted to slide in opposite directions in a rotary shaft, and which cams are in
contact and means for shifting said cams, substantially as herein shown and
described.
17. In a motor, the combination with a cylinder and a piston therein, of exhaust
valves, inlet valves, pivotally mounted levers for shifting the inlet valves, a
rotary tubular shaft by which said levers are actuated, a shaft mounted in said
tubular shaft to turn with and slide lengthwise in the same, cams in said shafts
and means for shifting said cams by sliding the shaft in the tubular shaft and
means for rotating said shafts, substantially as herein shown and described.
18. In a motor, the combination with a cylinder and a piston therein, of exhaust
valves, inlet valves, pivotally mounted levers for actuating the inlet valves, a
tubular shaft, for actuating said levers, a shaft within the tubular shaft and
mounted to turn with and rotate within the same, said inner shaft being provided
with a longitudinal slot and the tubular shaft with slots registering with the slot
in the inner shaft, cam plates in said slots and inclined tracks formed along the
edges of the slot in the inner shaft for shifting said cams, substantially as herein
shown and described.
19. In a motor, the combination with a cylinder and a piston therein, of exhaust
valves, inlet valves, pivotally mounted levers for actuating the inlet valves, a
rotating tubular shaft, a shaft mounted in said tubular shaft, to rotate with and
slide longitudinally within the same, the tubular shaft having slots and the inner
shaft having a longitudinal slot at which the metal is cut away to form two tracks
on opposite sides of the shaft and inclined in opposite directions, and cams in said
slots, which cams can act on the levers for actuating the inlet valves, substantially
as herein shown and described.
20. In a motor, the combination with a metal block having a cylinder bore and
two smaller bores, parallel with the cylinder bore and serving to receive recipro-
cating exhaust and inlet valves, said block also having a side opening extending
to the cylinder bore and in communication with the valve bores, of a piston in the
cylinder bore and valves in the smaller bores, and mechanism extending into said
opening and serving to actuate the valves, substantially as herein shown and
described.
0411 1
1000
G. F. REDFERN & Co.,
4, South Street, Finsbury, London.
Agents for the Applicant.