CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPA- RATUS FOR MANUFACTURING AERATED WATERS, OR OTHER SUCH LIQUIDS
Year: 1850

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
Cox, of the Firm of William Cox and Company, of Manchester, in the
County of Lancaster, Cigar Merchant, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her present most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date at West-
minster, the Eleventh day of June, in the fourteenth year of Her reign,
and in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty, did, for
Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said William
Cox, Her especial licence, full power, sole privilege and authority, that I,
the said William Cox, my exors, adññiors, and assigns, and such others as
I, the said William Cox, my exors, admors, or assigns, should at any
time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times during
the term of years therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within England and Wales and the Town of Berwick-
upon-Tweed, an Invention of "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPA-
RATUS FOR MANUFACTURING AERATED WATERS, OR OTHER SUCH LIQUIDS" (being a
communication from a Foreigner residing abroad); in which said Letters
Patent is contained a proviso that I, the said William Cox, shall cause
a particular description of the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be enrolled in Her Majesty's High
Court of Chancery within six calendar months next and immediately after
the date of the said in part recited Letters Patent, as in and by the same,
reference being thereunto had, will more fully and at large appear.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, 1, the said
William Cox, do hereby declare that the nature of the said Invention, and the
manner in which the same is to be performed, is particularly described and
ascertained in and by the Drawings hereto annexed, and the following expla-
nation thereof, that is to say :-
This Invention of Improvements in Machinery or Apparatus for Manufac-
turing Aerated Waters or other such Liquids relates principally to the appa-
ratus for generating or disengaging the carbonic acid gas with which the
water or other liquid is to be impregnated, and consists in a certain novel
construction and arrangement of apparatus, whereby I am enabled to im-
pregnate the water or other liquid with the gas in excess to any required
extent (in order to impart to it the sparkling properties of an aerated liquid),
without the aid of force pumps, or other mechanical means of pressure.
This I accomplish by connecting the vessel which contains the sulphuric,
hydrochloric, or other acid employed to the generator by means of a pipe, in
such a manner that there shall be an equal pressure of gas above and below
the acid, so that I am enabled by means of a tap or valve to admit any
requisite quantity of acid at intervals during the operation. By this means
the pressure of the gas can be increased to any desirable extent, and sustained
for any requisite length of time. The pressure thus gained being entirely
under control, I make use of in place of the ordinary force pumps, in order
to introduce an excess of the carbonic acid gas into the water or other liquid to
be impregnated, thus dispensing entirely with the labor and expence attendant
upon the use of force pumps, and also more effectually excluding the atmo-
spheric air, the admission of which, during the process of pumping as hitherto
practised, being almost inevitable.
The second part of this Invention consists in a certain novel form or
'construction of tap adapted for such or similar machinery, which, as well as
the apparatus above described, will be readily understood by referring to
the Drawing accompanying these presents, and the following description
thereof :-
Fig. 1 represents an elevation of the improved apparatus; and Fig. 2, a
plan or horizontal view of the same; Fig. 3 is a section of the apparatus.
These three views are drawn to a scale of about two inches to a foot; Fig. 4 is
a front elevation; and Fig. 5 a section of an improved form or construction
of tap adapted for such or similar apparatus, and drawn about half size.
In Fig. 1, 2, and 3 of the Drawing, a, a, represents the framing of the
apparatus to which is attached a slab or table 'b, b, supporting the gas
generator c, c, and the purifier. d, d. These vessels c and d are formed of

page_text: bammered copper tinned on the inside, and are each constructed in two parts,
being connected in the centre by means of flanches and bolts, or screws. To
the upper part of the generator c the acid vessel e is screwed. The acid vessel,e is
likewise formed of copper, and constructed in two parts, but in place of being
tinned the interior thereof is lined with sheet lead, as shewn in Fig. 3. The
vessel e is furnished with a passage f communicating from the bottom of the
said vessel with the interior of the generator, and capable of being opened or
closed by means of a plug g, which is covered with lead, and may be raised
or lowered by means of the handle h; a leaden pipe i communicates from the
top of the generator c, or nearly so, to the upper part of the acid vessel e,
and may be closed by means of a tap or otherwise, as preferred. This pipe.
is designed for the purpose of admitting the gas from the generator above the
acid, so that the pressure above and below the acid may be equalised. k is a
tap for allowing the atmospheric air to escape; and 7 (see Fig. 3) is an
opening through which the lime, chalk, or other alkali and water are intro-
duced. m is an opening through which the acid is supplied to the vessel e.
The gas generator.c is connected to the purifier d by a leaden pipe n, which
is opened or closed by means of a tap, from which a pipe n* extends down-
wards in the interior of the purifier to within four or five inches of the bottom
of the same; o is.a pipe from the purifier d, which is opened and closed by
means of a tap, and communicates with an ordinary pressure guage p.' There
is an opening q at the top of the purifier through which water is supplied to
the same; ris a tap to which a branch pipe is to be connected (by an union
joint, or, otherwise), which is furnished with a tap from which another pipe
extends to within about two or three inches of the bottom of the cylinder or
receiver in which the water or other liquid to be impregnated is contained.
8, s, are openings through which the contents of the vessels c and d may be
discharged, and which may; if preferred, be furnished with taps. t is an
agitator, seen also in dotted lines in Fig. 2, to which motion is imparted by
means of the winch handle u, and is intended to keep the lime, &c., in a state
of agitation whilst the acid is falling on to it. The operation of this apparatus
is as follows:-Suppose the gas generator c to be charged with about four
gallons of water, and about two gallons of chalk, lime, or other .suitable
alkali, the vessel e to contain about one gallon of sulphuric, hydrochloric, or
other suitable acid, and the purifier d to be about half filled with water; all
the taps being closed, the plug or valve g is then to be opened by means of the
handle h, so as to admit a sufficient quantity of acid to disengage the carbonic
acid gas, the alkali, and water being kept in a state of agitation by means of
the handle 1, the gas which is evolved during the neutralization of the acid by

page_text: the alkali will compress the atmospheric air into the upper part of the vessel c,
which upon the tap & being opened will escape, leaving the vessel c filled
entirely with the gas. The tap k is then closed, and the taps in the pipes
n and o opened, the gas will then flow into the purifier d, and passing
through the water therein will be purified. The atmospheric air is expelled
from the purifier by the pressure of the gas, and is allowed to escape by opening
the tap r, which is then closed and a pipe attached thereto by an union joint,
or other suitable means, communicating with a tap at the top of the cylinder;
from this tap a pipe extends to within two or three inches of the bottom of the
cylinder or receiver which contains the water or other liquid to be impregnated,
.which during the process of charging must be agitated, so as to facilitate the
amalgamation of the gas with the water. This may be effected in the usual
manner, or by means of an agitator similar to that in the generator c, and
actuated by the same winch handle u, being connected by a band and pullies.
As soon as the pressure guage p indicates that the gas has attained the
pressure required, the tap r is opened, and the charging of the water or other
liquid commences. Suppose the cylinder to contain about eighteen gallons of
water or other liquid, the apparatus above described is capable (with the
proportions-of acid, alkali, and water before specified) of charging or impreg-
nating the said eighteen gallons of water or other liquid with an excess of
carbonic acid gas, at a pressure of from three hundred to four hundred pounds
per square inch, in the space of from fifteen to twenty minutes, or even two
cylinders of eighteen gallons capacity each, if necessary. The peculiar form
of tap which I employ in the above apparatus is clearly exhibited in Figs. 4
and 5, and its construction and application are so self evident, as to require
no further explanation, d being the handle by which it is to be turned.
Having thus described the nature and objects of the said Invention, together
with the method of carrying the same into practical effect, I would remark in
conclusion that I claim,―
:
First, the construction and arrangement of apparatus shewn in the Drawing,
and above described, or any similar contrivance, whereby the impregnating
gas may be sustained at a pressure sufficient to cause its amalgamation with
the water or other liquid to be aerated without the aid of force pumps or
other mechanical means of pressure, without being confined to the dimensions
of the apparatus, as shewn in the Drawings, or any suitable modification in
the arrangement thereof, or to the materials of which the same may be made
or composed; and,
Scondly, the peculiar form or construction of tap shewn in the Drawing, as
adapted to such or similar apparatus.

page_text: And such Invention being, to the best of my belief, entirely new, and never
before used within that part of the United Kingdom called England, the
Dominion of Wales, and the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, I do hereby
declare this to be the Specification of the same (as communicated to me),
and I believe this said Specification doth comply in all respects, fully and
without reserve or disguise, with the proviso in the said herein-before in
part recited Letters Patent contained, wherefore I do hereby claim to maintain
exclusive right and privilege to the said Invention.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Cox, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Ninth day of December, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty.

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
Cox, of the Firm of William Cox and Company, of Manchester, in the
County of Lancaster, Cigar Merchant, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her present most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date at West-
minster, the Eleventh day of June, in the fourteenth year of Her reign,
and in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty, did, for
Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said William
Cox, Her especial licence, full power, sole privilege and authority, that I,
the said William Cox, my exors, adññiors, and assigns, and such others as
I, the said William Cox, my exors, adññors, or assigns, should at any
time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times during
the term of years therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within England and Wales and the Town of Berwick-
upon-Tweed, an Invention of "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPA-
RATUS FOR MANUFACTURING AERATED WATERS, OR OTHER SUCH LIQUIDS" (being a
communication from a Foreigner residing abroad); in which said Letters
Patent is contained a proviso that I, the said William Cox, shall cause
a particular description of the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be enrolled in Her Majesty's High
Court of Chancery within six calendar months next and immediately after
the date of the said in part recited Letters Patent, as in and by the same,
reference being thereunto had, will more fully and at large appear.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
William Cox, do hereby declare that the nature of the said Invention, and the
manner in which the same is to be performed, is particularly described and
ascertained in and by the Drawings hereto annexed, and the following expla-
nation thereof, that is to say :-
This Invention of Improvements in Machinery or Apparatus for Manufac-
turing Aerated Waters or other such Liquids relates principally to the appa-
ratus for generating or disengaging the carbonic acid gas with which the
water or other liquid is to be impregnated, and consists in a certain novel
construction and arrangement of apparatus, whereby I am enabled to im-
pregnate the water or other liquid with the gas in excess to any required
extent (in order to impart to it the sparkling properties of an aerated liquid),
without the aid of force pumps, or other mechanical means of pressure.
This I accomplish by connecting the vessel which contains the sulphuric,
hydrochloric, or other acid employed to the generator by means of a pipe, in
such a manner that there shall be an equal pressure of gas above and below
the acid, so that I am enabled by means of a tap or valve to admit any
requisite quantity of acid at intervals during the operation. By this, means
the pressure of the gas can be increased to any desirable extent, and sustained
for any requisite length of time. The pressure thus gained being entirely
under control, I make use of in place of the ordinary force pumps, in order
to introduce an excess of the carbonic acid gas into the water or other liquid to
be impregnated, thus dispensing entirely with the labor and expence attendant
upon the use of force pumps, and also more effectually excluding the atmo-
spheric air, the admission of which, during the process of pumping as hitherto
practised, being almost inevitable.
The second part of this Invention consists in a certain novel form or
construction of tap adapted for such or similar machinery, which, as well as
the apparatus above described, will be readily understood by referring to
the Drawing accompanying these presents, and the following description
thereof :-
Fig. 1 represents an elevation of the improved apparatus; and Fig. 2, a
plan or horizontal view of the same; Fig. 3 is a section of the apparatus.
These three views are drawn to a scale of about two inches to a foot; Fig. 4 is
a front elevation; and Fig. 5 a section of an improyed form or construction
of tap adapted for such or similar apparatus, and drawn about half size.
In Fig. 1, 2, and 3 of the Drawing, a, a, represents the framing of the
apparatus to which is attached a slab or table b, b, supporting the gas
generator c, c, and the purifier d, d. These vessels c and d are formed of

page_text: hammered copper tinned on the inside, and. are each constructed in two parts,
being connected in the centre. by means of flanches and bolts, or screws. To
the upper part of the generator c the acid vessel e is screwed. The acid vessel e is
likewise formed of copper, and constructed in two parts, but in place of being
tinned the interior thereof is lined with sheet lead, as shewn in Fig. 3. The
vesscle is furnished with a passage f communicating from the bottom of the
said vessel with the interior of the generator, and capable of being opened or
closed by means of a plug g, which is covered with lead, and may be raised
or lowered by means of the handle h; a leaden pipe i communicates from the
top of the generator c, or nearly so, to the upper part of the acid vessel e,
and may be closed by means of a tap or otherwise, as preferred. This pipe
is designed for the purpose of admitting the gas from the generator above the
acid, so that the pressure above and below the acid may be equalised. k is a
tap for allowing the atmospheric air to escape; and 7 (see Fig. 3) is an
opening through which the lime, chalk, or other alkali and water are intro-
duced. m is an opening through which the acid is supplied to the vessel e.
The gas generator c is connected to the purifier d by a leaden pipe n, which
is opened or closed by means of a tap, from which a pipe n* extends down-
wards in the interior of the purifier to within four or five inches of the bottom
of the same; o is a pipe from the purifier d, which is opened and closed by
means of a tap, and communicates with an ordinary pressure guage p. There
is an opening 9 at the top of the purifier through which water is supplied to
the same; r is a tap to which a branch pipe is to be connected (by an union
joint, or otherwise), which is furnished with a tap from which another pipe
extends to within about two or three inches of the bottom of the cylinder or
receiver in which the water or other liquid to be impregnated is contained.
3, s, are openings through which the contents of the vessels c and d
may be
discharged, and which may, if preferred, be furnished with taps. t is an
agitator, seen also in dotted lines in Fig. 2, to which motion is imparted by
means of the winch handle u, and is intended to keep the lime, &c., in a state
of agitation whilst the acid is falling on to it. The operation of this apparatus
is as follows:-Suppose the gas generator c to be charged with about four
gallons of water, and about two gallons of chalk, lime, or other suitable
alkali, the vessel e to contain about one gallon of sulphuric, hydrochloric, or
other suitable acid, and the purifier d to be about half filled with water; all
the taps being closed, the plug or valve g is then to be opened by means of the
handle h, so as to admit a sufficient quantity of acid to disengage. the carbonic
acid gas, the alkali and water being kept in a state of agitation by means of
the handle u, the gas which is evolved during the neutralization of the acid by

page_text: the alkali will compress the atmospheric air into the upper part of the vessel c,
which upon the tap k being opened will escape, leaving the vessel c filled
entirely with the gas. The tap le is then closed, and the taps in the pipes
nando opened, the gas will then flow into the purifier d, and passing
through the water therein will be purified. The atmospheric air is expelled
from the purifier by the pressure of the gas, and is allowed to escape by opening
the tap r, which is then closed and a pipe attached thereto by an union joint,
or other suitable means, communicating with a tap at the top of the cylinder;
from this tap a pipe extends to within two or three inches of the bottom of the
cylinder or receiver which contains the water or other liquid to be impregnated,
which during the process of charging must be agitated, so as to facilitate the
amalgamation of the gas with the water. This may be effected in the usual
manner, or by means of an agitator similar to that in the generator c, and
actuated by the same winch handle u, being connected by a band and pullies.
As soon as the pressure guage p indicates that the gas has attained the
pressure required, the tap r is opened, and the charging of the water or other
liquid commences. Suppose the cylinder to contain about eighteen gallons of
water or other liquid, the apparatus above described is capable (with the
proportions of acid, alkali, and water before specified) of charging or impreg
nating the said eighteen gallons of water or other liquid with an excess of
carbonic acid gas, at a pressure of from three hundred to four hundred pounds
per square inch, in the space of from fifteen to twenty minutes, or even two
cylinders of eighteen gallons capacity each, if necessary. The peculiar form
of tap which I employ in the above apparatus is clearly exhibited in Figs. 4
and 5, and its construction and application are so self evident, as to require
no further explanation, d being the handle by which it is to be turned.
Having thus described the nature and objects of the said Invention, together
with the method of carrying the same into practical effect, I would remark in
conclusion that I claim,-
First, the construction and arrangement of apparatus shewn in the Drawing,
and above described, or any similar contrivance, whereby the impregnating
gas may be sustained at a pressure sufficient to cause its amalgamation with
the water or other liquid to be aerated without the aid of force pumps or
other mechanical means of pressure, without being confined to the dimensions
of the apparatus, as shewn in the Drawings, or any suitable modification in
the arrangement thereof, or to the materials of which the same may be made
or composed; and,
Scondly, the peculiar form or construction of tap shewn in the Drawing, as
adapted to such or similar apparatus.

page_text: And such Invention being, to the best of my belief, entirely new, and never
before used within that part of the United Kingdom called England, the
Dominion of Wales, and the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, I do hereby
declare this to be the Specification of the same (as communicated to me),
and I believe this said Specification doth comply in all respects, fully and
without reserve or disguise, with the proviso in the said herein-before in
part recited Letters Patent contained, wherefore I do hereby claim to maintain
exclusive right and privilege to the said Invention.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Cox, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Ninth day of December, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty.