IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR TRANSMITTING POWER
Year: 1862

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Alfred Vincent Newton, of the Office for Patents,
66, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Mechanical Draughts-
man, for the Invention of "IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR TRANSMITTING
POWER." A communication from abroad by Julius Ferdinand Rochow,
of Brooklyn, New York, in the United States of America.
Sealed the 19th May 1863, and dated the 18th December 1862.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Alfred Vincent Newton
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 18th December 1862.
I, ALFRED VINCENT NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery Lane,
in the County of Middlesex, Mechanical Draughtsman, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR TRANSMITTING
POWER," to be as follows:-
This improved apparatus relates mainly to a novel arrangement or com-
bination of gearing applicable to the transmission of power to steering,
hoisting, or hauling apparatus. The Invention may be described as consisting
in the arrangement of two cog wheels with a different or equal number of
teeth, one being firmly secured to the drum of a steering, hoisting, or hauling
apparatus, and the other being stationary, or when the apparatus is to be used
for hoisting or other purposes, the former wheel being stationary and the latter

page_text: secured to the drum or drum shaft. In combination with the cog wheels are
pinions having an equal or different number of teeth, and attached to a
tumbling shaft, which is carried round the drum shaft in such a manner that
on rotating the wheel or drum shaft by the combined action of the two pinions
on the tumbling shaft and the differential wheels, a slow rotary motion is
imparted to the drum (or to the drum shaft when used for hoisting or other
purposes). The power applied to the wheel shaft or to the tumbling shaft is
multiplied in proportion to the number of teeth of the gear wheel which is fast
to the drum, divided by the difference between the number of teeth of the
said wheel and that of the stationary wheel; or if the number of teeth of these
cog wheels is equal divided by the difference between the number of teeth of
the two pinions on the tumbling shaft, it being understood that a difference
must exist either between the number of teeth of the cog wheels, or of the
pinions, or both.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Alfred Vincent Newton in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 18th June 1863.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, ALFRED
VINCENT NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery Lane, in the County
of Middlesex, Mechanical Draughtsman, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Eighteenth day of December, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-two, in the twenty-sixth year of
Her reign, did,. for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto
me, the said Alfred Vincent Newton, Her special license, that I, the said
Alfred Vincent Newton, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such
others as I, the said Alfred Vincent Newton,- my executors, administrators,
and assigns, should at-any time agree with, and no others, from time to time
and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and
lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within. the United Kingdom of
Great Britain and Ireland, the Chanuel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Inven-
tion for "IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR TRANSMITTING. POWER," being a communi-
cation from abroad, upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said
Alfred Vincent Newton, by an instrument in writing under my hand and seal,
should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention,
and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to

page_text: be filed, in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next
and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Alfred Vincent Newton, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is
to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement, reference- being had to the Drawing hereunto annexed,
and to the letters and figures marked thereon (that is to say) :-
-
.This Invention, as communicated to me by my foreign correspondent.
relates mainly to a novel arrangement or combination of gearing applicable to
the transmission of power to steering, hoisting, or hauling apparatus. The
Invention may be described as consisting in the arrangement of two cog
wheels with a different or equal number of teeth, one being firmly secured to
the drum of a steering, hoisting, or hauling apparatus, and the other being
stationary; or when the apparatus is to be used for hoisting or other purposes
the former wheel being stationary and the latter secured to the drum or drum
shaft. In combination with these cog wheels are pinions, having an equal or
different number of teeth and attached to a tumbling shaft, which is carried
round the drum shaft in such a manner that on rotating the wheel or drum
shaft by the combined action of the two pinions on the tumbling shaft and the
differential wheels, a slow rotary motion is imparted to the drum (or to the
drum shaft when used for hoisting or other purposes.) The power applied to
the wheel shaft or to the tumbling shaft is multiplied in proportion to the
number of teeth of the gear wheel which is fast to the drum, divided by
the difference between the number of teeth of said wheel and that of the
stationary wheel; or if the number of teeth of these cog wheels is equal,
divided by the difference between the number of teeth of the two pinions on
the tumbling shaft, it being understood that a difference must exist either
between the number of teeth of the cog wheels, or of the pinions or both.
The Invention is represented in the accompanying Drawing as applied to
steering apparatus, Fig. 1 being a longitudinal central section of the appa-
ratus, and Fig. 2 a transverse vertical section of the same. Similar letters of
reference in both views indicate corresponding parts.
A represents the drum on which is wound the rope or chain that governs
the position of the rudder when the apparatus is used for steering, or from
which the load is suspended, when the apparatus is used for hoisting or
hauling. This drum (which may be made of cast iron, wood, or any other
suitable material) turns loosely on the shaft B, to which the steering wheel C
is firmly attached, and which has its bearings in standards B¹, as clearly
shown in Fig. 1 of the Drawing. The drum A is hollow and a cog wheel D

page_text: with an internal gear d is firmly secured in the interior of the drum. This
cog wheel is provided with a hub d' which projects through the side of the
drum, and which is firmly keyed to one of the standards B¹, being bored out
to fit to the shaft B, and turned off on its outside to form a good bearing for
the drum, so that the drum rotates while the cog wheel D remains stationary.
D' is an internal gear or a rim provided with teeth on its inside and turned
off, so that it fits nicely into the drum. It is prevented from rotating inde-
pendent of the drum by three (more or less) stops e, which are secured to the
inner surface of the drum by screws f, and which project into a groove g
turned into the rim D¹. This groove is provided with three (more or less)
abutments g¹. If the spaces between the abutments and stops e were left
empty, the drum impelled by the sudden motions of the rudder would
fly in either direction, bringing the stops alternately in contact with the
abutments on either side. Or if the rim D¹ were rigidly attached to the
drum, the sudden motions of the rudder would cause an equally sudden jar of
the cogs rendering them liable to get broken or out of order. To avoid these
disadvantages the spaces between the abutments and stops are filled out with
india-rubber or other elastic material, and by these means the cogs of the gear
wheels are saved from injury. E is the tumbling shaft which has its bearings
in arms h projecting from hubs h¹, that are firmly keyed to the shaft B. This
shaft carries two pinions F, F, the pinion F to gear into the cog wheel D, and
the pinion F¹ to gear into the cog wheel D'. Instead of one tumbling shaft
with pinions, two or more such shafts, each with its own pair of pinions, might
be employed, as indicated in Fig. 2 of the Drawing. The operation is as
follows: If the cog wheel D has 36 cogs, and the cog wheel D¹ 40 cogs, and
the two pinions F, F', which are of equal diameter, each 12 cogs, and if the
shaft B is now rotated until the tumbling shaft has made one complete
revolution round the centre of the shaft B, the pinion F by the action of the
cog wheel D will make : 8 complete revolutions, causing the pinion F¹ to
make the same number of revolutions, or to progress 36 teeth by the time the
tumbling shaft has returned to its original position. The drum therefore is
compelled to rotate for the distance of 40-36 4 teeth for each revolution
of the tumbling shaft, or to make 1 of a revolution for each revolution of the
steering wheel. It is obvious that by decreasing or increasing the difference
between the numbers of teeth of the two wheels D, D', the motion of the
drum for each revolution of the shaft B can be decreased or increased at
pleasure, and in the same ratio the power exerted by the man at the steering
wheel can be increased or decreased as much as may be desired. A strain
exerted on the drum will have no effect on the shaft B, because the pinions

page_text: F, F, have the same diameters, and the entire strain will be sustained by the
stationary wheel D. The steering wheel therefore will not be affected by
sudden jerks of the rudder, and one man will be able with the greatest ease to
work the wheel of a large vessel.
The same apparatus may be used with equal advantage for hoisting or
other purposes, and the wheels D, D', may be made with an external gear, in
which case the wheel D¹ would be secured to the shaft B, and the tumbling
shaft would have its bearings in the heads of the drum.
Having now set forth the nature of the Invention of improved apparatus for
transmitting power, and explained the manner of carrying the same into effect,
I wish it to be understood that under the above in part recited Letters Patent,
I claim transmitting power by means of differential gearing constructed and
operating as above described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Alfred Vincent Newton, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Seventeenth day of June, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-three.
Witness,
J. W. MOFFATT,
66, Chancery Lane.
A. V. NEWTON. (L.B.)