Improvements in Pumps.
Year: 1891

page_text: Date of Application, 27th Jan., 1891-Accepted, 21st Mar., 1891
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Pumps.
I, JOHN SUTTON, of Bay View, in the Town of Islip, in the County of Suffolk,
and State of New York, United States of America, Mechanical Engineer, do
hereby declare the nature of this invention, and in what manner the same is
to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement:-.
.
My invention relates to an improvement in pumps in which two pistons are
arranged to move toward and away from each other within the same cylinder, each
of the pistons both filling and emptying the portion of the cylinder within which
it works at each stroke.
As it becomes desirable to discharge the pumped liquid from a single spout at
one side of the pump,. it is of great importance that the flow of liquid from the
cylinder to the air chamber and discharge should be as direct and regular as
possible, and to this end it is essential to a free discharge and an effective balancing
of the pump, that cross currents should be avoided, and the liquid introduced into
the air chamber with substantially the same freedom during the movement of
the pistons in one direction, as during their movement in the opposite direction.
The object of my present invention is to provide a simple and effective structure
which shall avoid to a great extent the retarding effect of cross currents, and which
shall be balanced so as to work with ease and little wear.
A practical embodiment of my invention is represented in the accompanying
drawing, in which—
Fig. is a view of the pump in vertical longitudinal section through the
discharge spout, and Fig. 2 is a transverse section through line a of Fig. 1.
A. represents the body of the outer shell or casing of the pump, terminating at
its upper end in a housing a for the reception of the cross heads B B', to which
the piston rods are connected for operating the pistons CC. The casing A
is fitted at its lower end to rest in a suitable support D.
Between the body and upper portion a, the casing is preferably narrowed, as
shown at a¹. A spout E. is fitted to the upper portion of the body, at one side,
and the cylinder is located within the body portion, and extends from a point
near the top down to the bottom of said body portion, and is spaced therefrom to
form passages for the flow of the liquid between it and the outer casing.
The lower end of the contracted portion a¹ curves outwardly and downwardly,
as shown at a, forming a curved faced projection or fixed bonnet for directing the
flow of liquid over the cylinder head and valves without obstruction.
Between the lower end of the cylinder F and the bottom of the casing, there are
ports and, one, f, communicating with the liquid supply, and provided with an
upwardly opening valve G, and the other permanently open to a passage H, leading
up along the side of the cylinder opposite the discharge spout, and communicating
with the cylinder at its upper end through a port f2.
The upper portion of the casing A, and the extended portion a, form an air
chamber in communication with the discharge spout, and said chamber is cut off
from the interior of the cylinder by a permanent partition I at the top of the
passage H, and by the cylinder head k, provided with a pair of upwardly opening
valves K K. The cylinder head & is provided with a depending flange k², which
fits within the upper end of the cylinder, and its edge which seats on the end of
the cylinder has a packing ring k³ fixed in its face.
The cylinder F also communicates, at a point about midway of its length, through
a port, with passages and 4, the former leading upwardly directly to the

page_text: sliding
spout E, and the latter downwardly to the liquid supply. Communication between
the passages and 1 and the port 3 is cut off by upwardly opening valves g and gl.
The piston rods are arranged one within the other, the exterior rod
through a suitable stuffing box L at the central portion of the cylinder head k, and
the rod sliding within the rod b.
Suppose the pistons to start from the position shown in Fig. 1 and move toward
the opposite ends of the cylinder, the liquid will rush in through the valve g', and
fill the space between the pistons with what I am pleased to term two volumes,
viz., an amount corresponding to twice what the cylinder will contain within the
space traversed by either one of the pistons.
Upon the return stroke, as the pistons move toward each other, the two
volumes between them will be forced out of the port 3, and up through the
valve, directly to the discharge spout E.
At the same time, the liquid will be drawn from the supply through the
valve G, directly to the space below the lower piston, and through the passage H
and ports, to within the space above the upper piston, replacing the two
volumes discharged from between the pistons, with two volumes located above
and below the pistons.
As the two pistons again separate and fill the space between them with
another two volumes, as at first, the two volumes above and below them will be
discharged through the port 1, passage way H, and port and through the
valves KK in the cylinder head, the volume above the upper piston being
naturally deflected through the valve K, near the spout E, and the volume from
below the lower piston travelling up the passage way H, being directed through
the valve K into the central portion of the air chamber.
It will be observed that the passage way, through which the two volumes
are discharged, is in such proximity to the discharge spout, that there is constant
relief at its upper end, to allow the two volumes to flow rapidly through it, while
the two volumes from above and below the pistons are directed through two
separate outlets located centrally of the air chamber, to afford a freedom of travel
equal to that through the passage-way h.
This arrangement does away with the establishing of one current at an angle
across another, and the consequent obstruction due to such interference, and the
movement of one current is caused to assist the movement of the other, having
the longer distance to travel, thereby keeping the strain upon the pistons sub-
stantially uniform throughout their strokes in both directions, and ensuring a
regular free flow of liquid from the spout.
In order to hold the cylinder head & firmly in position, and at the same time to
economize space and leave a free opening for the passage of the liquid through
the valves in the head, I have provided the contracted portion a¹ of the casing
with channels a², four in number, and spaced as nearly as may be at equal distances
apart, to receive screw bolts M, the lower ends of which seat upon laterally
projecting cars on the head k, and the upper ends of which screw into inwardly
projected flanges or lugs on the shell at the extended portion of the casing. The
bolts M are provided with jamb nuts m to secure them in place.
A removable cap a³, bolted to the casing a, admits of access to the bolts M
and the cross heads, while a removable plate or plates a', and a removable plate u³,
bolted to the body portion of the casing, admit of convenient access to the valves
and upper piston head, for removal of obstructions or other purposes.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that
what I claim is:-
The combination with the pump cylinder, the pistons adapted to move in opposite
directions within the cylinder, the passage ways for the travel of the liquid extend-
ing along opposite sides of the cylinder, and a common receiving chamber provided
with a discharge opening, of a partition permanently closed between the passage

page_text: way upon the opposite side from the discharge and the receiving chamber, valves
in the cylinder head through which communication is established between the
receiving chamber and the interior of the lower and upper end of the cylinder,
the upper and lower portion of the cylinder being in permanently open communica-
tion with the passage way upon the opposite side from the discharge, and suitable
check valves for controlling the entrance of liquid to the cylinder and passage
ways, substantially as set forth.
2. The combination with the pump cylinder, the pistons adapted to move in
opposite directions within the cylinder, liquid conduits upon opposite sides of the
cylinder and in communication therewith, one at the upper and lower portions of
the cylinder, and the other at the middle portion of the cylinder, and a common
receiving chamber provided with a discharge opening, of a permanent partition
between the receiving chamber and conduit communicating with the upper and
lower portions of the cylinder, valves in the cylinder head through which the
liquid above and below the pistons is forced to pass into the receiving chamber,
a valve in the other conduit through which the liquid between the pistons is forced
to pass to the discharge opening, and suitable check valves for controlling the
entrance of liquid to the cylinder, substantially as set forth.
3. The combination with the cylinder, the valves in its head, the pistons and
the liquid conduits, of the receiving chamber common to the conduits, and provided
with a curve-shaped projection or fixed bonnet above the valves in the cylinder
head, the said receiving chamber having a discharge opening at one side thereof,
and suitable check valves for controlling the entrance and discharge of the liquid,
substantially as set forth.
4. The combination with the body and extended portions of the casing, and the
contracted neck portion uniting them, and provided with channels along its inner
face, of the cylinder and its head or cover located below the contracted portion,
screw bolts extending through flanges or lugs in the extended portion of the casing
along the said channels into contact with the cylinder head, and jamb nuts engaged
with the threaded portions of the bolts adjacent to the said flanges, to lock the
bolts against displacement, substantially as set forth.
Dated this 27th day of January 1891
NEWTON & SON,
Agents for the Applicant.