IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED FOR FORMING, HEADING, AND TRUSSING CASKS OR BARRELS
Year: 1884

page_text: I, EDWARD PATTERSON of 46 Stanley Road Liverpool in the County of Lancaster,
Machinist, do hereby declare the nature of said invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED FOR FORMING, HEADING, AND TRUSSING
CASKS OR BARRELS" to be as follows: -
This invention relates to that kind of machinery or apparatus employed for
forming, heading, and trussing casks or barrels wherein the staves are fed one by
one between endless chains and a hollow barrel form or drum. In a machine
according to my invention the staves are fed by endless chains on to a skeleton
metallic barrel form or drum within which heating or firing apparatus is arranged,
and whilst the staves are being heated or fired and carried forward on. this heating
barrel form or drum they are also cut, bevelled, chamfered, and croized at their
respective ends. From the heating barrel form or drum the staves treated as just
described are carried forward between a collapsible barrel form or drum or its
equivalent such as spring pulleys and encircling hoops, when the staves are formed
into a barrel rim. The heating barrel form or drum is constructed of bars or light
metal staves secured to and supported by suitable bearers. The said bars or staves
are arranged some distance apart. The heating barrel form or drum is made of the
same external shape as that intended to be given to the inside of a finished barrel
formed in the machine. The heating barrel form or drum is mounted upon a
hollow shaft which is stationary. Upon this shaft the heating barrel form or drum
is caused to rotate when staves are introduced between it and endless feeding ·
chains which are driven slowly by means of gearing. Within the heated barrel
form or drum and connected to the hollow shaft are suitable tubes terminating
near the staves; through these tubes gas is supplied for the purpose of heating or
firing the inside of the staves whilst they are being carried partly round by the
endless chains. In a convenient situation suitable circular cutters are provided for
cutting, bevelling, chamfering and croizing the staves whilst they are on the
heating barrel form or drum. The endless chains are guided in such a way that
they are caused to press on the staves near their ends which bend them to the
required shape also pull or force the staves on the heating barrel form or drum past
the circular cutters and into suitable guides which lead them in the direction
required.

page_text: The guide pulleys are placed so as to leave an opening for feeding the staves
between the heating barrel form or drum and the chains, also to allow of the staves
passing between guide bars. One of the shafts carrying guide pulleys is driven by
suitable gearing: any convenient means such as springs or levers may be used for
keeping the endless chains taut or at an uniform tension whether one or more
staves be on the heating barrel form or drum. In one arrangement of this machine
for finishing one barrel whilst the staves are being fed for a second. I provide
suitable guide bars for conducting the finished staves either between the first or
Becond of two sets of encircling hoops and collapsible barrel form or drum or
equivalent spring pulleys. These guide bars are placed at an angle to one another
and join each other at a little distance from the heating barrel form or drum, so as
to leave space for short horizontal guide bars which take the staves from the
At or
heating barrel form or drum as they are delivered, by the endless chains.
near where the guide bars meet I provide a switch point capable of being raised or
lowered by means of a lever or other convenient means so as to guide the staves on
to either the upper or lower guide bars.
Instead of using a collapsible barrel form or, drum affording support for the staves
at or near the middle of their length I may employ elastic end pulleys secured to
short shafts which rotate in pedestals, as the staves are pressed forward by the
endless chains around the heating barrel form or drum but do not pass through
the barrel rim.
Such elastic end pulleys are formed each of a helical spring the inner end
of which is secured to a face plate keyed on a short, shaft so as to form end
guides.
The springs when fully expanded by their own elasticity are somewhat less in
diameter than the bulge of the barrel to be formed thereon. By this arrangement
as soon as the staves which have been heated, bevelled, croized and partially bent
to shape arrive within the encircling hoops and on the elastic pulleys the springs
are partially compressed; and the outward pressure of the helical springs being
sufficient to keep them in contact with the encircling hoops, which are made some-
what larger in diameter than the diameter of the finished barrel rim at that section,
where the hoops are placed.
The encircling hoops are formed in segments, such that if the last stave be not
of the required width short segments of the encircling hoops which are pivotted to
the main hoops may be lifted up and the stave be, taken out and another
substituted,
The moveable parts of the hoops are then replaced. The opening and closing of
the short portion of the hoops slackens or tightens the encircling hoops thereby
leaving a greater or smaller amount of space for the last stave. The encircling
hoops are pivotted together so that the raising of the upper portions which are,
pivotted to the above mentioned short portions are opened by raising a handle,
which simultaneously disconnects and releases the lower portions of the hoops,
thereby allowing the barrel rim to drop out or be rolled along the floor out of the
way. When the whole of the staves for forming one rim have been pressed
between the encircling hoops and the elastic end pulleys a trussing rope is slidden
on near each end and these ropes pass around the rim. The ends of the ropes are
secured to suitable hauling pulleys one end of each rope passing over guide pulleys
so as to entirely encircle the staves. One or both of the hauling pulleys is or are
then set in motion thereby partially trussing the staves; the pulleys are then
stopped and held by ratchet teeth and catches or other suitable means until the
elastic end pulleys are withdrawn from the ends of the staves by levers or other
convenient means.
The barrel heads which are held in a frame by screws are then
placed inside the ends of the rim and kept in position by the elastic pulley until
the rim is fully trussed, hoops are then pressed on by the operator tightly over the
staves. The hauling pulleys are then released by disconnecting the catches from
the ratchet teeth the trussing ropes are taken off the finished barrel the encircling
hoops opened and the barrel drops out. The connected lower portion of the

page_text: encircling hoops when the barrel has been removed swing again into the proper
place, the connected upper portions then come down and connect the two together,
the machine is then ready for the next set of staves. By forming the machine so
as to make two barrels simultaneously much time is saved and the heating barrel
form or drum will rarely have to be stopped. Whilst one set of staves is being fed
to say the upper barrel, the lower barrel will be headed, trussed, finished and rolled
away and the encircling Koops closed so that as soon as sufficient staves have passed
along the upper and end guides the switch point can be moved to guide the staves
down the lower and end guides. In some cases it may be preferred to use a single
machine forming one barrel at a time instead of two; then the switch point would
not be necessary as the heating barrel form or drum would have to be stopped as
soon as sufficient staves had been fed to form one barrel.
I would have it understood that apparatus of the kind referred to may be
constructed in modified form without departure from the essential features of my
invention.
Dated this 15th day of February 1884
W: LLOYD WISE,
Per F, J. Brougham,
Applicant's Agent.

page_text: I EDWARD PATTERSON late of 46 Stanley Road, but now of 40 Lowell Street
Walton, on the Hill, Liverpool in the County of Lancaster, Machinest, do hereby f
declare the nature of my invention, for " IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR
APPARATUS EMPLOYED FOR FORMING, HEADING, AND TRUSSING CASES OR BARRELS,"
and in what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement:—
This invention relates to that kind of machinery or apparatus employed for
forming heading, and trussing casks or barrels wherein the staves are fed one by
one between endless chains and a hollow barrel form or drum. In a machine
according to my invention the staves are fed by endless chains on to a skeleton
metalic barrel form or drum within which heating or firing apparatus is arranged,
and whilst the staves are being heated or fired and carried forward on this heating
barrel form or drum they are also cut, bevelled, chamfered, and croized, at their
respective ends. From the beating barrel form or drum the staves treated as just
described are carried forward between a collapsible barrel form or drum or its
equivalent such as spring pulleys and encircling hoops where the staves are formed
into a barrel rim.
Referring to the accompanying sheets of drawings Fig. 1 is a longitudinal side
elevation of the machine shewing the driving gear, etcetra, according to my inven-
tion. Fig. 2 is a longitudinal central sectional elevation shewing more distinctly
the manner by which the staves are fed on to the heating or firing cylinder and
conveyed between the upper or lower set of encircling hoops. Fig 3 is a plan with
a barrel rim trussed ready for withdrawing the elastic end drums and booping.
Fig 4 is a front elevation shewing the encircling hoops and elastic end drums,
The upper set of hoops are supposed to be filled with staves and the trussing ropes
applied to the barrel rim. The elastic end drums are now ready for withdrawal
previous to the permanent hoops being placed at or near each end. Fig. 5 is a
back elevation of the machine shewing the heating barrel form or drum and the
circular cutters and belts also the endless feeding chains. Fig. 6, is a view shewing
to a larger scale the switch points (in position for guiding the staves to the upper
encircling hoops.) Fig. 7 is a similar view (with the switch point moved so as to
guide the staves to the lower hoops.) Fig 8 is a plan, the portion longitudinally
line-shaded represents the switch tongue plates or joints and knife roller or plate.
The staves are first jointed in the usual manner, and measured out into suitable
lengths for the size of barrel rim to be formed thereon. They are fed one by one
by the attendant to the machine between the endless feeding chains A. A. and the
skeleton heating or firing drum B.
Thus whilst the staves are being heated or fired and carried forward by the
endless encircling feeding chains on the firing drum B they are also cut bevelled
and grooved at their respective ends by the circular cutters Č. C.
From the heating barrel form or drum B or as I prefer to call it the firing drum,
the staves treated as just described are carried forward and fed between spring
pulleys D. D. and encircling hoops E. E. where the staves are formed into a barrel
rim. The heating barrel form or drum B is constructed of bars or light metal
staves b. b. somewhat shorter than the length of the staves to be treated. They
are rivetted to and supported by suitable bearers or pulley like supports F F F.
The centre one is larger in diameter than the others according to the bulge
required. The end ones are made somewhat wider so as to allow of a groove F¹

page_text: into which endless feeding chains take when no staves are fed to the machine.
The staves or light metal bars b. b. are arranged some distance apart so as to allow
a number of gas flames to impinge against the staves and are bent to the same
external shape as that intended to be given to the inside finished barrel rim. The
firing drum B. is mounted upon a hollow shaft B₁ which is held stationary and is
supported in suitable fixings secured to the machine frame sides as shewn in Fig. 1..
Upon this shaft the firing barrel is rotated by the endless feeding chains A. A.
which either rest in the before mentioned groove F¹. formed in the end pulley
like rims F. F. or on the staves that are introduced between them and the barrel'
form.
The staves are thus caused to travel slowly past the revolving circular
cutters. C. C.
Within the heated or firing barrel and connected to the hollow shaft B¹. are a
number of suitable gas tubes G. G. extending longitudinally between the pulley
like supports so as to heat or fire as great a length of the staves as possible: The
tubes have small holes formed in them or they may be provided with the ordinary
gas burners, so arranged that the flames may act directly on the staves between
the metal strips or staves b. b. b. A pipe from the gas inain is connected directly
to the hollow shaft B. and may be provided with a suitable stop cock (not shewn)
attached to the foot lever H which is for the purpose of setting in motion or
stopping the action of the feeding chains. Thus it will be understood that when
said lever H. is pressed down to stop the chains the gas cock will be partially
closed so that the staves will not be burnt whilst they are stationary. The gas
pipes G. G. may be placed at such an angle as to heat or fire the staves at the
lowest point without interfering with the action of the circular cutters.
In a convenient situation such as shewn in Figs 1. 2. 3 & 5 suitable circular
cutters C. C. are provided for cutting, bevelling, chamfering, and croizing, the
staves whilst they are on the firing barrel. These may be driven by straps C¹. C¹.
The endless feeding chains A. A. are guided by the pulleys A. A¹. A¹. in such a
way that they are caused to press on the staves near their ends and thus to bend
them to the required shape. These chains also cause the staves and the firing
barrel B to rotate past the circular cutters C. and through a switch point or
tongue J. into suitable guides J. J. which lead them in the direction required.
The guide pulleys A!. A. are placed so as to leave an opening for feeding the
staves between the firing barrel B. and the endless feeding chains A. A. and also
to allow of the staves passing between guide bars J. J. and switch points or
tongues J. J. Figs 3. &.8.
One of the shafts say A. Figs. 1. 2. & 3. carrying the guide pulleys A¹. A' is
driven by suitable gearing such as toothed wheels and pinions a. a. shewn in
Figs 1. & 3. or by any other convenient means such as a worm and worm wheel,
so as to reduce the speed considerably. In this case I provide on the driving
shaft A. an ordinary strap pulley a¹ Figs. 1. 3 & 5. capable of rotating loosely on
the shait but not having a latteral movement.
On this pulley boss which is made somewhat larger than necessary for an
ordinary pulley, I provide teeth similar to. a. toothed clutch coupling. The
pinion. a, is made somewhat wider across the teeth than the driven wheel and is
also loose on the shaft to revolve and capable of sliding end wise, this pinion has
also formed at the outer end similar teeth so as to take into the clutch teeth on the
pulley boss. The pinion boss has also a groove a². turned in it for the forked foot
lever H to take into. Thus it will be understood that when the foot lever H. is
pressed down by the operator who feeds the staves, the pinion teeth will disengage
themselves from the teeth on the boss of the driving pulley a¹ thus the stopping or
starting will be instantaneous whilst the pulley is constantly revolving.
For keeping the endless feeding chains A. A. taut or at about a uniform tension
whether one or more staves be on the firing drum B, I provide the shaft As, with
springs A or other convenient means attached to the pedestals or fixings in which
it rotates as shown in Figs 2.& 5 These may be guided or kept in position by

page_text: guides formed on the side frames A. as shewn. In one arrangement of this:
machine for finishing one barrel whilst the staves are being fed for a second one
I provide a switch point or tongue J. J. Figs 1. 2. 6. 7 & 8 and guide bars J¹. J'. J¹.
for conducting the finished staves either between the first or second of two sets of
encircling hoops E. E. Figs. 1. 2. and elastic end spring pulleys D. D. The guide
bars JJ are placed at an angle as shewn in Figs 1. 2 each at a tangent from the
point where the staves leave the firing drum B.
It is advantageous that the switch points or tongues J. J. should come quite
close to the firing drum, so as to guide the staves at once to either the upper or
lower bars as shewn in the enlarged views Figs 6. 7 & 8. The switch point
tongues J. J. are capable of being raised or lowered by means of a lever J' which
may have a screw and hand wheel attached to it or other convenient means, so as
to guide the staves on to either the upper or lower sets of guide bars J¹ J¹. The
switch point or tongues J. J. are hollowed out on the lower sides as shewn in
Figs 6. & 7. and have also attached to them a portion of the top guides bars J2
Figs 1. 2. 6. and 7. so that as the tongues are moved into the position shewn in
Fig 7. they will raise the bars J. and the staves remaining thereon. When it is in
the other position the notched or projecting portion will prevent the staves passing
underneath & will yet allow the tongues to drop down as shewn in Fig. 6. before
all the staves have passed from under it. Thus it will be understood that the
guide bars J. J. J. will be fixed whilst the switch tongue J and top bar J' can
move.
"
To assist the passage of the staves I employ travelling bands or aprons L. L¹.
made of a suitable material such as canvas. They are made somewhat narrower
than the width between the switch points or tongues J. J. Fig 8. The travelling
band between the upper guide bars J' J¹. is driven by frictional contact with the
roller M and passes over small guides or holding up rollers h. thence over what
I call a knife roller or plate N. Figs. 2. 6. 7 and 8 which has a rounded edge and is
fixed between the two switch point plates or tongues J. J. so that as the staves
are delivered one by one on to the travelling band L each will be carried along
independently towards the encircling hoops. E. E.
The other travelling band or apron L¹ is also driven by the roller M² and passes
between the longitudinal guide bars J¹. J. and over a knife roller or plate N¹. fixed
to the lower guide bars J¹. J¹. The knife rollers or plates N. N¹. are fixed as close
to the firing drum as possible, so as to take the staves clear from the switch points.
The top sets of guide bars J'. J. extend sufficiently forward to be attached to
sections of the encircling hoops E. as shown in Figs 1. and.2. The lower bars J. J¹..
also attached to the back portion of the encircling hoops E as shewn in Fig 2. and
may be supported on suitable bars O. O. by adjusting screws and nuts. On the
top of lower guide bars J J¹ sheet iron plates are secured for supporting the
travelling bands L. L¹. In the position indicated in the drawings, I find it
advantageous to provide narrower rollers for the purpose of bringing narrow staves
forward from off the travelling apron or sheets L. L. and feed them between the
encircling hoops E. E. and the elastic end drums D. D. These rollers also assist in
rotating the elastic end drums D. D. as when a number of staves are forced in, the
friction becomes too great for the endless bands alone to effect the feeding.
The rollers P. P. P. P. may be grooved so as to get a better grip on the staves
and may be driven by the train of toothed wheels shewn in Figs 1. 3. and 4 by the
endless pitched chains P¹. P¹. from the rotating shaft Q. The rollers are made
narrow so as to be quite close to the guides and work within each other on shafts
placed at a less distance apart than the diameter of one roller as shewn in
Fig 1 2 & 3 by this means narrow staves are not allowed to stick fast and choke
the machine.
The peripheries of the travelling band rollers M. M' and upper rollers P. P. P. P.
are driven at the same velocity. The shafts on which the rollers P. P. are secured
may rotate in edingtable bearings to onit the worming thinkness of ato

page_text: The encircling hoops are formed in segments as shewn in Figs 1. and 2. The
dotted lines in Fig 2 represent the lower set of segments opened out to allow a
barrel rim to drop out. They are pivotted together to fixed shafts or supports E¹. E¹.
and are jointed together by means of latches E. E³. pivotted to distance bars e.
Figs. 1. and 2 The latches E³. E. are fixed to a distance bar e which forms a
handle so as to simultaneously disconnect and release the lower portions of the
encircling hoops, thereby allowing the barrel rim to drop out or to be rolled along
the floor out of the way.
The lower sections of the hoops may have balance weights attached to them so
that as soon as the barrel rim has dropped out these sections of hoops will swing
back again into their former positions.
Instead of using a collapsible barrel form or drum affording support for the staves
at or near the middle of the length, I employ elastic end pulleys D. D. secured to
short shafts D¹ D' which pass through adjusting sleeves and rotate in pedestals;
but do not pass through the barrel rim.
These elastic end pulleys D. D. are formed each of a helical spring, the inner end
of which is secured to one of the sliding plates and pins d. d. Fig. 2.
The upper elastic end drums are shewn in the collapsed positions with the spiral
springs removed for clearness. The sliding plates and springs d. d. afford support
for the helical springs-and are held and guided in position by a flanged face plate
which is keyed on to short shafts D'.
The sliding plates d. d. are provided with shanks or pins which pass through
holes formed in the face plate as shewn. These shanks are encircled by small
spiral springs d. and have pins through them for forcing the plates outwards
against the helical spring for supporting it as the helical spring alone has a
tendency to bag down. The helical springs are thus equally supported from the
inside by said plates and springs and also form a smooth and even surface for the
staves to rest on. The spring drums when fully expanded by their own elasticity
are somewhat less in diameter than the bulge of the barrel to be formed thereon.
By this arrangement as soon as the staves have been heated, bevelled, croized, and
partially bent by the heating medium and the action of the endless feeding chains
to the shape required they arrive within the encircling hoops E. E. and are laid on
to the elastic end pulleys D. D.
The springs are partially compressed; the outward pressure of the helical spring
and spring plates being sufficient to keep them in contact with the encircling hoops
which are made somewhat larger than the diameter of the finished barrel rim at
that section where the hoops are placed so as to allow the last stave to come in.
When the whole of the staves for forming one rim have been pressed between
the encircling hoops E. E. and the elastic end pulleys D. D. the trussing ropes R. R.
are sliden on near each end, and these ropes pass completely around the barrel rim.
The ends of the hauling ropes are secured to suitable hauling pulleys or
barrels R R one end of each rope passes over guide pulleys R². R². so as to
entirely encircle the staves. The two hauling pulleys or barrels R'. R¹. are then
set in motion thereby partially trussing the staves. The pulleys or barrels R¹. R¹.
are loose to revolve on the hauling shafts Q. Q. Fig 2 which may be driven by
toothed gearing as shewn in Figs. 1. 2. and 3.
One end of each hauling pulley or drum is suitably formed and provided with a
coned friction coupling Q. Q. working on sunk keys fixed in the hauling shafts
Q. Q. on which the couplings slide; the hauling pulleys or barrels are each provided
or have ratchet teeth formed around their outer surface as shewn in Fig. 2 into
which pawls or detents v. v. work, they are secured to shafts so as to be simul-
taneously released by the handles V. V. Fig 1, that is when the trussing ropes are
to be removed. The clutch coupling QQ are brought into gear automatically by
the forked levers ƒ f. fig 2 and right and left hand screw shafts 8. 8. and handles
S. S. Fig 1. so that should the encircling trussing ropes be not exactly the same
length the friction clutches will slip a little until both ropes are strained to the
same extent. When sufficiently taut the right and left hand screw shafts are

page_text: turned by the handles S.-S. in the opposite direction thus releasing the hauling
pulleys or drums which are held in that position by the pawls or detents v. v.
The elastic end pulleys are then withdrawn from the ends of the staves by levers
T. T. Figs 1. 3. & 4. or other convenient means. When required the heads may be
inserted into the barrel rims before leaving the machine.
.
To accomplish this the short shafts D. D¹. on to which the elastic pulleys are
keyed project a little inwards or past the faces of the helical springs. The ends or
projections of these shafts are tapered off the same as a lathe centre. The barrel
heads are held to a suitable piece of metal rather larger than the diameter of the
barrel end by means of light thumb screws with pointed ends so as to readily screw
into the pieces of wood forming the head. This piece of metal is not quite flat
across its length the ends being recessed down sufficiently to allow the barrel head
to project inside the barrel so as to be in a line with the groove formed in the
staves. The barrel heads and the recessed part of carrier are then placed inside
and against the ends of the rim or staves and are kept in that position by drawing
the shafts D. D². and elastic end pulleys by the levers. T. T. towards each other
until the pointed ends of shafts press against the carriers and hold them in that
-position until the rim is fully trussed, hoops are then pressed on tightly over the
staves by the operator and may be hammered on if necessary. The hand-levers.
S. S. Fig 1. then release the pawls or detents and allow the trussing ropes to spring
back. These are then taken off the finished barrel, and passed over the elastic end
drums and on to supports or suitable pins ready for slipping over the next set of
staves; the encircling hoops opened and the barrel drops out. The encircling
hoops are then closed and the elastic end drums drawn towards each other ready
for the next set of staves.
End guides U Fig. 3. are provided for keeping the staves in a line with the elastic
end drums, which are placed a little wider apart than the length of the staves so as
to be placed thereon more readily.
The drums are drawn together when all the staves are fed so as to bring their
ends all in a line. A moveable end guide plate U¹. Fig 3. is fixed close to the
firing drum B. so that the attendant standing at the opposite side of the machine
to where the gearing is may feed the staves up to this plate. Small catches or
arms may be used if necessary for the staves to be placed on and from these they
may be dropped between the endless feeding chains A. A. and firing drum B. so
that they may be placed parallel with the centre line of the hollow shaft. Pins
may be fixed in the firing barrel so arranged as to carry the staves well on to the
switch points or tongues and guides. By forming the machine so as to make two
barrels simultaneously much time is saved and the heating barrel form or drum
will rarely have to be stopped. Whilst one set of staves are being fed to say the
upper barrel, the lower barrel will be headed, trussed, finished and rolled away and
the encircling hoops closed so that as soon as sufficient staves have passed along
the upper and end guides the switch point can be moved to guide the staves down
the lower & end guides. In some cases it may be preferred to use a single machine
forming one barrel at a time instead of two; then the switch point would not be
necessary as the heating barrel form or drum would have to be stopped as soon as
sufficient staves had been fed to form one barrel. In feeding staves which are
unequal in width to the machine it is found to answer the purpose better to sort or
mix the staves so that the widest stave is the last to enter on to the elastic end
drums as it will be pressed forward on to the travelling bands by the pins on the
firing drum. I find it advantageous to leave a space between the last stave of one
barrel and the first one for a second barrel, so as to allow sufficient time for the
staves to pass away on the travelling apron and for the attendant to move the
switch point. The speed at which the firing barrel travels at will vary with the
number of gas lights and intensity of heat and the class of staves to be treated.
I would have it understood that apparatus of the kind referred to may be
constructed in modified form to suit different classes of staves without departure
from the essential features of my invention.

page_text: Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is :-
:-
1. In a machine for forming casks or barrels the use of a heating or firing barrel
provided with gas pipes or jets for the purpose herein before described.
2. In a barrel making machine the use in combination of. a heating or firing
drum carried on a hollow shaft and endless feeding and bending chains by which
the said drum is rotated substantially as described.
3. In a machine for forming casks or barrels the use in combination of a heating
or firing barrel whereon the staves are bent and mechanism whereby they are
cut bevelled and croized, to the required shape substantially as described and
illustrated.
4. In a machine for forming casks or barrels the use in combination with a
beating or firing barrel of two drums upon which the bent staves are alternately
formed into barrel rims together with means for feeding the bent staves to the said
drums substantially as described.
5. In a machine for forming casks or barrels wherein staves bent upon a heating
or firing drum are delivered alternately to two drums to be formed into barrel
rims, the use of a switch point to direct the staves as they leave the firing druin
substantially as described.
6. In a machine for forming casks and barrels the use of elastic end pulleys upon
which bent staves are formed into a barrel rim and which can be forcibly withdrawn
from the said rim when it is complete substantially as described and for the purpose
specified.
7. The use of the improved elastic end pulleys substantially as described and for
the purpose specified.
8. In a machine for forming barrels the use in combination of trussing ropes or
chains bauling barrels and detents provided with friction couplings for actuating
the same with right and left handed screw shafts all substantially as described.
9. In a machine for forming casks or barrels the use of cross bars and thumb
screws in combination with the elastic pulley shaft for retaining them in position
whilst the trussing ropes are being applied.
10. The improved apparatus for forming casks and barrels constructed arranged
and operating substantially as described with reference to the drawings.
Dated this 13th dow of November 1884