Improvements in or connected with the Manufacture of Sockets or Straps employed with Lead and other Piping.
Year: 1893

page_text: Date of Application, 15th Mar., 1893
Complete Specification Left, 2nd Dec., 1893-Accepted, 27th Jan., 1894
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in or connected with the Manufacture of Sockets or
Straps employed with Lead and other Piping.
I, THOMAS CLAUGHTON, of Stanningley near Leeds, in the County of York,
Plumber, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
Hitherto, sockets or straps (hereinafter called sockets), employed in conjunction
with lead and other pipes, have been cast in sand or in chill moulds in an entire or
circular form. The moulds required for such castings are expensive to manufacture,
whilst at the same time the sockets were essentially of a very plain construction
and without any raised or depressed ornamentation or design on the surface
of same.
According to my invention I employ a mould composed of lower and upper
portions, having a recess between same of a form corresponding to a socket divided
down the back, between the ears, and bent outwards so as to leave the interior open.
The recesses for the ears of this opened socket project at an angle downwards into
the lower mould, and the back of the socket, which is divided in the centre, is
formed by two vertical recesses in the upper mould, above the join of the ears and
main portion of the socket.
When an open socket has been cast in the above described mould, it is bent
round a pipe or on a mandril of suitable diameter, and the two edges when brought
together are burnt or otherwise joined; thus making a perfect socket, the ears
being brought round to their proper position by the process of bending the socket.
In some instances the socket is not required to extend the entire distance round
the pipe, but only about two thirds of the distance. In such cases I close the
recesses in the upper mould by means of plates, which thus enable the same moulds
to be used for casting straps as are employed for casting entire sockets. These
straps when bent on the pipe do not meet at the back of same, but only encircle it
for about two thirds of its circumference.
By indenting or raising designs on the interior surface of the lower mould,
various ornamentations or designs may be produced on the sockets and ears, which
would be impossible to produce by casting under the old method.
Dated this 15th day of March 1893.
BREWER & SON,
London and Leeds, Agents for Applicant.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in or connected with the Manufacture of Sockets or
Straps employed with Lead and other Piping.
I, THOMAS CLAUGHTON of Stanningley, near Leeds in the County of York,
Plumber, do hereby declare the nature of this invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement:-
Hitherto sockets or straps (hereinafter called sockets) employed in conjunction
with lead and other pipes, have been cast in sand or in chill moulds in an entire or
circular form. The moulds required for such castings are expensive to manufacture,
whilst at the same time the sockets were essentially of a very plain construction,
D
1

page_text: and without any raised or depressed ornamentation or design on the surface
of same.
According to my invention I employ a mould composed of male and female
portions, having a recess between same, of a form corresponding to a socket divided
down the back between the ears, and bent outwards so as to leave the interior
open.
In order that my invention may be fully understood, I will proceed to describe
same with reference to the accompanying drawings in which similar letters refer to
like parts in all the figures.
Fig. 1 is a section of the female mould and Figure 2 is an interior view of same.
Fig. 3 is a section of the male mould and Fig. 4 is an interior view of same.
Fig. 5 is a section shewing the male and female moulds together with socket cast
between same. Fig. 6 shews a socket as cast by the male and female moulds, and
Fig. 7 shews a socket applied to a pipe.
A is the female mould having a smooth inner surface, against which the face of
the male mould B rests when the moulds are together ready for casting.
In the male mould B is formed a recess C, auxiliary recesses D being formed in
the said recess C. EE are pins, the ends of which come against the face of the
female mould A, and the metal is supplied to the moulds through an opening F.
When a socket is to be cast, the male and female moulds B and A are placed
together, and the lead is poured in at the opening F and runs down between the
moulds A and B, filling up the recesses C and D, thus forming the socket G with
its ears Has seen at Figs. 5 and 6.
It will be seen that the recess C forms the foundation part of the socket, and the
recesses D form the design or ornamentation and astragals on such socket.
When an open socket (shewn at Fig. 6) has been cast in the above described
mould, it is bent round a pipe J as shewn at Fig. 7, or bent on a mandril of suitable
diameter, the ears H being brought round to their proper position by the process
of bending the socket G. The socket when bent on the pipe J does not meet at
the back of same, but only encircles it for about two thirds of its circumference.
In some instances the socket is required to extend the entire distance round the
pipe, in which case the back of the socket is formed by two recesses in the female
mould, situated beyond the join of the ears and main portion of the socket. The
two edges when brought together are burnt or otherwise joined, thus making a
perfect socket, the ears being brought round to their proper position by the process
of bending.
By indenting or raising designs on the interior surface of the male mould B
various ornamentations or designs may be produced on the sockets and ears, which
would be impossible to produce by casting under the old method.
It will be seen from the shape of the socket G that the sides marked G' are
already of a circular form, and consequently do not require bending any further in
order to embrace the pipe J; the action of bending being confined to the central
portion of the socket marked G. This circular formation of the sides G is
necessary, owing to the extra strength of the said sides, and the less leverage
obtained in bending.
In some cases sockets formed of two or more straps or astragals, joined to two or
more ears on either side, may be cast in the above described manner; and many
other designs of sockets or straps may be made without departing from the nature
of my invention.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim as my improvements in or connected with the manufacture of sockets or
straps employed with lead or other piping is :-
First. The employment of male and female moulds for casting sockets or straps
in an open form having curved sides, substantially as and for the purposes set
forth.

page_text: Second. A strap or socket cast in an open form having curved sides and
projecting ears on same and constructed in such a manner that it may be bent on a
pipe or mandril, substantially as and for the purposes set forth.
Third. In combination the female mould A, male mould B, recesses C and D,
pins E and inlet F, substantially as and for the purposes set forth.
Fourth. The general arrangement, construction and combination of the various
parts forming my improvements in or connected with the manufacture of sockets or
straps employed with lead and other piping, substantially as herein before described
and illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
Dated this 2nd day of December 1893.
BREWER & SON,
London and Leeds, Agents for Applicant.