IMPROVEMENTS IN WHEEL CARRIAGES
Year: 1847

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, WILLIAM
HORNE, of Long Acre, in the County of Middlesex, Coach Maker, GEORGE
BEADON, of Battersea Fields, in the County of Surrey, Commander in the
Royal Navy, and ANDREW SMITH, of Millwall, in the County of Middlesex,
Engineer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her present most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Royal Letters Patent under the Great Seal of the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, bearing date at Westminster, the Third day of June,
One thousand eight hundred and forty-seven, in the tenth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto us,
the said William Horne, George Beadon, and Andrew Smith, our exors,
admors, and assigns, Her especial licence, full power, sole privilege and
authority, that we, the said William Horne, George. Beadon, and Andrew
Smith, our exors, admors, and assigns, and such others as we, the said William
Horne, George Beadon, and Andrew Smith, our exors, admors, or assigns,
should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all
times during the term of years therein expressed, should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise, and vend, within England, Wales, and the Town of
Berwick-upon-Tweed, our Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN WHEEL CARRIAGES;"
in which said Letters Patent is contained a proviso that we, the said Williani
Horne, George Beadon, and Andrew Smith, shall cause cause a particular
description of the nature of our said Invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed, by an instrument in writing under our hands and

page_text: seal, or under the hand and seal of some or one of us, to be inrolled in Her
Majesty's High Court of Chancery within six. calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said in part recited Letters Patent, as in
and by the same, reference being thereunto had, will more fully and at large
appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, .we, the said
William Horne, George Beadon, and Andrew Smith, do hereby declare that
the nature of our said Invention, and the manner in which the same is to
be performed, are fully described and ascertained in and by the following
statement thereof, reference being had to the Drawings hereunto annexed, and
to the figures and letters marked thereon, that is to say :-
Our improvements in wheel carriages consist in the peculiar construction of
the wheel, axle-box, and springs, for the purpose of lessening the noise and
producing an easier action in the carriage.
That portion of the wheel called the tyre is made of galvanized hoop iron
of two or more parts in thickness, as shewn in Figures 1, 2, 5, and 6, being
rivetted together to the necessary size, proper allowance being made for
shrinking on the wheel; but before shrinking it upon the wheel it must be
re-galvanized, which causes it to become one solid piece, in consequence of
being soldered together by the coatings of zinc, by which means the noise
of the tyre is much diminished.
'
The axle-box of the wheel, as shewn Figures 3 and 4, is lined or stuffed
with fuseable metal, hemp, casking, leather, or other suitable material; but in
practise we prefer fuseable metal and with leather washers on each side of the
collars (in the usual manner), so as to prevent the rubbing contact of iron and
iron, by which means the noise of the box part of the wheel and axle is
prevented. Figure 5 is a transverse section of the tyre of the wheel.
The improvement in the springs of carriages consists of galvanizing the
springs, each plate of the spring being galvanized or coated separately. with
tin or zinc, in order to prevent the corrosion of the metal where in contact,
and which makes a soft, noiseless surface, besides preventing rust or oxidation,
which is very destructive to carriage springs. In all the couplings of the
carriages connected with the axles and springs, the parts must be galvanized
or lined with other suitable material, in order to prevent the contact of iron
and iron.
Figure 7 represents a timber carriage, with a framing and roof, and sawing
bed attached, so that timber may be sawed up, where it is felled instead of
being taken to a saw pit, which operation tears the land. A, A, represent the
framing; B, B, the wheels; C, and C', purchase blocks; C', the lower block,

page_text: being attached to chain dogs or slings E; K is a piece of timber in the
position of being raised upon the carriage in Figure 8; M, a chain or warp;
N, a windlass; 0, 0, fixed rollers; P, P, moveable rollers; Q, spare pulley
or rope; R, legs to the fore part of framing; S is a covering to protect the
workman. The legs R can be let down to support the fore part of the timber
carriage when its front wheels are removed, which it is necessary to do for the
purpose of hauling timber into position, as in the ordinary method. It will be
seen the carriage or sawing bed is placed end on to a piece of fallen timber,
and by the application of the dogs, pulleys, and windlass it can be raised upon
the sawing bed I, and there be cut up into boards, &c., by hand or by
machinery. Figure 8 is a section of the same, corresponding letters referring
to the same parts.
In the accompanying Drawings is shown an apparatus for raising the cover
of a carriage or gig. Figure 9 is a sectional elevation, Figure 10 a partial
front view, and Figure 11 a plan of a portion of the framing of a carriage.
A, A, represents the framing of the carriage. B, B, are plates of iron or other
material fixed to the framing of the carriage. These plates constitute the
framing of the apparatus in which the operative parts are mounted. C, C, is
a pinion which gears into the wheel D. E is a rim or disc mounted on the
shaft of the wheel D, from which rim E project studs x, x, (see the detached
view, Figure 12). These studs a, x, project between the internal teeth w, w,
of the grooved pulley F, which pulley is connected to another pulley G below by
a chain or warp H. There are two other pullies I and J placed on the opposite
side of the carriage, which are mounted in a similar framing B, B, to that
before mentioned. K is a horizontal shaft which extends across the carriage,
underneath the seat of the same, and which connects the two pullies together.
In the square hole of the hollow axle of the wheel or pulley F is inserted the
cranked end of a rod or lever L (see plan view, Figure 11); the upper end of
this rod is connected by means of a link M to the main hoop stick or bow N
of the cover or hood O of the carriage or gig. The operation is as follows:-
In one end of the axle of the pinion C is inserted a winch or crank P, which
on being turned causes the wheel D, by means of the pinion Ċ, to revolve,
which wheel D, by means of the studs x, x, of the disc E acting upon the
internal teeth w, w, of the pulley F, gives motion to that, which by means of
the chain H, pulley G, shaft K, pulley and chain I and Q, communicates
motion to the pulley J on the opposite side of the carriage, which by means of
the rods or levers L, L, raises or lowers the cover as may be required.
In a Patent granted to the said George Beadon, dated the Twenty-ninth
day of July, One thousand eight hundred and forty-five, for "Improvements.in

page_text: Propelling Vessels and Land Carriages," a piece of machinery or wheeled
carriage is described and called a universal tractor. We now apply parts of
the machinery of this. carriage differently arranged by an intermediate shaft
and bevelled wheels, which can be put in or out of gear by the ordinary
methods, and cogged wheels, band wheels, or universal joint attached by keys
and couplings to the end of the intermediate shaft for driving any other
machinery. Figure 13 is a plan of the carriage; Figure 14, a front eleva-
tion; corresponding letters referring in each to the same parts. A, the fram-
ing. F, F, two cylinders of a steam engine placed laterally upon the carriage.
G', the intermediate shaft mounted in bearings fixed to the side framing.
H, H, two bevilled wheels upon the shaft of the screw and wheels I, I. K, K,
two corresponding wheels upon the intermediate shaft, which can be thrown
in or out of gear as required. L, L, the steering wheels. M; a quadrant
attached to the bolt N of the compass framing O, O, and secured to the front
wheel axle beam P. Q is a pinion in gear with the quadrant, having at
upper end of its shaft a worm wheel and screw. steering wheel R for turning
the carriages any direction. S¹, S2, S3, are the wheels before described for
connecting with other machinery. T is a universal joint. When the bevelled
wheels K, K, are out of gear the engine will drive the intermediate shaft and
communicate motion to other machinery, as before described.
shews a method of raising a carriage inclosure. A, A, shews a
side of a carriage in elevation. B, B, plates as before described. D¹, D³, D³,
cogged wheels in gear with each other; D in this instance communicates the
motion to the lower wheel D³. Figure 16 is another method whereby the
same operation is effected by means of a vertical screw, and a chain and nut.
F is a section of the same. A, A, are the two plates. B, B, a vertical screw.
C, a nut attached to chains, through which the screw B, B, passes; B, B,
being caused to revolve by bevelled wheels or gear work. Figure 17 is
another method of drawing up by means of a screw and lever.
Figure 15
part of the
In the Patent granted to George Beadon, in One thousand eight hundred
and forty-four, he shews the worm and wheel only for effecting the raising of
hoods of carriages, but we find the operation can be effected by the various
ways described. We, therefore, claim the various parts together or separately,
except the lever or joint attached to the hoop stick.
Figure 18 is an elevation of an improved cart or put, intended to be used
for the ordinary purposes to which carts are applied, but also to sow seeds,
acting as a drill when required. The cart is made similar to an ordinary cart,
but is not boarded at the bottom, but the framing left with a shelve or ledge
upon which a screen adapted for lifting manure, by which means it is spread

page_text: upon the earth as the cart proceeds, and obviating the necessity of throwing
it about by a shovel. A, A, is the body of the cart; B, B, the wheel; D, the
shafts; C, plates of iron connecting the shafts to a framing, attaching the
body to the axle by a bolt K. L is a sword consisting of an iron plate with
teeth cut therein. M is a two-toothed pinion. N is a joint attaching the
sword to the cart framing, the sword teeth being kept in gear by an iron
cleat. The cart is raised or tilted by turning the lever O. Figures 19 and
20 are a plan and elevation in section. E is a pinion. F is a driving wheel
attached to spokes of wheel B. As the wheel B revolves it turns the pinion E
mounted upon the shaft Q. R are eccentric cams keyed to shaft Q and
working between mortices of the framing L, L, at U, &c., causing them to move
backwards and forwards. T is a lever for putting the pinion E in or out of
gear. When it is required to let the earth or dressing out the flaps H, H, are
let down. Figure 21 shows the plan of a drill framing; Figure 22 a section
of ditto. E is a pinion before described. Q. the shaft, the shaft having horns
or endless screws shown at Figures 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, & 7. 8, 8, are worm
wheels keyed to the shafts. 9, 9, are rollers placed alternately. 10, 10, are
tubes to convey the seed to the earth; 11, 11, the framing. 12, 12, are
boards fitting the rollers, and preventing any seed escaping except by the
holes 13, 13, which are sunk in the rollers, and of various sizes to receive
different seeds.
Our next improvement relates to the construction of the enclosure of an
open carriage; it consists in so hinging the parts of the enclosure together that
they may pass or slide into the front seat or boot of the carriage. a, Figure
23, is a metal hinge attached to the parts of the inclosure, as shewn, with one
or more joints which open at an angle to suit the curve or sweep of the
carriage, and it is the application of an hinge of this particular construction
to the enclosures of carriages which constitutes the novelty of this part of our
Invention.
We will now describe another part of our improvements, which consists of
improvements upon Buchanan's patent lock or wheel plate, described in the
Specification of a Patent granted to John Buchanan, dated December the
twenty-eighth, One thousand eight hundred and forty. In Figure 24, the
parts shewn in red represent our improvements, which consist in the lengthen-
ing the fuchelles and fixed sweigh bar to work on a piece called the hooping
or perch piece attached to top bed for the purpose of giving an increased
bearing for the under carriage, which has never been applied to Buchanan's
Patent before; also one or both square headed perch bolts to revolve in top
bed or hooping piece, and front slide, not revolving in the slide or slots, as

page_text: before done, and we prefer that the wheel plate should be galvanized with tin
or zinc.
The next improvement consists of a mode of fixing springs to axletrees
by means of cranking one or more of the plates, as shewn in Figure 25.
Another mode of fixing springs to axletrees to prevent the communications of
sound or noise, is shewn at Figure 26, and consist of attaching the spring to
the axle by surrounding the axle with wood or other soft material which is a
non-conductor of sound, around the part to which the spring is attached,
which will readily be understood on reference to Figure 26, where the clip
enclosing the axle and connecting the spring is lined as described. ⚫
Another mode of attaching springs to carriages is shewn at Figure 27,
which enables us to dispenso with orank axles when required, and also prevents
the communication of sound. The spring is suspended from the axle by a belt
or cushion of leather, or other soft and sufficiently strong material, and
attached to the axles by a metal plate and screw, as shewn.
Another improvement in the springs of carriages is shewn at Figure 28,
which represents a novel construction of elliptical spring, in which the short
plates of each spring are placed on the interior instead of the exterior, as they
have heretofore been made. It will be seen by the Drawing that the upper of
the two springs rests upon the axle, and that the fastening to the body of the
vehicle rests on the inner side of the lower spring, so that the weight tends
at all times to expand instead of closing the springs, and thereby increasing
their resistance.
Another of our improvements in carriages is shewn at Figure 29, and
consists in the application of a step to detached shafts instead of fixing it to
the carriage.
•
Our next improvement relates to the construction of the front parts of
carriages, and represented at Figures 30 and 31, and consists in the forming
the fronts of broughams or other carriages, between the standing or door
pillars, of curved or segmental glass in one or two parts, conveying at once from
the standing pillars without any side windows, as hitherto constructed.
Another part of our improvements consists of an improved mode of hanging
the doors of broughams or other carriages by hinging the door pillar to the
contracted light, as shewn at Figure 30, and attaching the whole or part of
the fore pillar to the door.
Our next improvement in carriages relates to a novel construction of buffer-
head for railway carriages, and consists in forming part of the buffer-heads of a.
concave shape, as shewn at Figure 32, where it will be seen that the buffer a
is of a concave or cap form, so that the buffer b which works against it may

page_text: fit into and be held or retained in close contact when the two are pressed
together, and it is desirable to enlarge the spindle of the concave buffer to
meet the resistance of any indirect concussion; and I prefer to make such
spindle of a tubular form.
In witness whereof, I, the said George Beadon, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Third day of November, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and forty-seven.
GEORGE (L.S.) BEADON.
AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the Third day of December, in the
year of our Lord 1847, the aforesaid George Beadon came before our said
Lady the Queen in Her Chancery, and acknowledged the Specification
aforesaid, and all and every thing therein contained and specified, in form
above written. And also the Specification aforesaid was stamped according
to the tenor of the Statute made for that purpose.
Enrolled the Third day of December, in the year of our Lord. One
thousand eight hundred and forty-seven.