Year: 1888

page_text: Date of Application, 27th July, 1888
Complete Specification Left, 18th Apr., 1889
Complete Specification Accepted, 1st June, 1889
1, WILFRID SWANWICK BOULT of 24 Kings Mount, Birkenhead, in the County
of Chester, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
This machine, specially designed for mechanically testing lubricants at any desired
temperature, embraces the following features :-a metal bush with internal flanges or
equivalent and an expanding journal to rotate within the bush and between the internal
flanges, (the whole having its temperature adjusted by suitable means applied pre-
ferably to the outside of the bush and being lubricated with the oil to be tested);
also a thermometer and apparatus for measuring with or without graphically recording
the amount of friction generated by the rotation of the journal.
The internal flanges to the bush answer the double purpose of retaining the
oil under test and keeping the bush in position on the journal if not otherwise
held.
1
For raising the temperature a flame may be applied directly or through the medium
of a layer of copper or other material, or a jacket may be formed round the bush and
filled with oil or other substance which distributes the heat applied outside the jacket
more or less evenly all round its inner surface. Instead of applying the flame directly
to the jacket, hot liquid may be circulated through it.
For reducing the temperature below that of the surrounding atmosphere, cold
water, brine &c., may be circulated through the jacket.
Whatever arrangement for heating or cooling the bush may be adopted, provision
should be made for the insertion of a thermometer as close to it as practicable.
Instead of having internal flanges the bush may be formed internally of larger
diameter towards the centre than at the ends and longer than the bearing parts of the
journal within, the diminution being continued to the ends. Thus the form may be
that of a barrel or of two truncated cones placed with their bases together, or other
convenient form may be adopted.
The expanding journal may be formed of two or more parts pressed out by spring
or other force against the inner surface of the bush and is so constructed that its

page_text: parts can be drawn together until it is capable of passing through the contracted ends
of the bush. The bush may be attached to the end of a shaft supported by bearings
in which it is free to oscillate or may be carried entirely by the expanding journal.
In the former case the rubbing parts of the journal need not be self centring: in the
latter case this is requisite and is conveniently effected by making the journal in two
parts one of which is rigidly connected to or in one piece with the shaft by which it
is rotated and the other hinged to it or connected by guiding studs or otherwise and
pressed out by a spring.
The oil to be tested is placed inside the bush and on the journal and when the
desired temperature is attained the machine is started.
The tendency, due to friction, of the journal to carry the bush round with it is
counteracted and measured by a spring-balance or pendulum or other apparatus
suitably connected to the bush. The amount of friction may be autographically
recorded on a revolving drum or moving card, with reference either to time or to
revolutions of the machine. To minimise vibrations of the pendulum or spring a fly
in gear therewith may be used. .
In that part of the apparatus which is used for measuring the quantity of and
applying the lubricant to the testing drum or journal I prefer to employ a graduated
glass tube of small bore-such as is used for registering thermometers for instance-
and a piece of wire or equivalent capable of freely passing down the tube. One end
of the wire is lapped with cotton or otherwise made into a piston fitting closely to the
tube by inserting it in which a small syringe is formed. The tube should be pointed
at one end and by preference slightly opened out at the other. To use the apparatus
it is first charged with the oil to be measured, the piston being entered at the enlarged
end of the tube and the pointed end wiped clean. The piston is then pressed in till
opposite one of the graduations and the expressed oil drawn off the point of the tube
by moving over some clean hard surface. By further pushing in the piston any
desired quantity of lubricant may then be discharged directly on to the surfaces
where it is required and the test conducted in the usual manner.
Dated this 96th dow of Inle 1000

page_text: Improvements in or relating to Oil Testing Machines.
I, WILFRID SWANWICK BOULT, of 24 King's Mount, Birkenhead, in the County
of Chester, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in
what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascer-
tained in and by the following statement :-
This apparatus, specially designed for mechanically testing oils and other lubricants
at any desired temperature, embraces the following features:-
A metal bush with. internal flanges or equivalent and an expanding journal to
rotate within the bush and between the internal flanges, (the whole having its
temperature adjusted by suitable means applied preferably to the outside of the bush
and being lubricated with the oil to be tested); and also a thermometer and apparatus
for measuring (with or without graphically recording) the amount of friction generated
by the rotation of the journal.
The internal flanges to the bush answer the double purpose of retaining the
oil under test and keeping the bush in position on the journal if not otherwise
held.
For raising the temperature a flame may be applied to the bush directly or through
the medium of a layer of copper or other material which is a good conductor of heat,
or a jacket. may be formed round the bush, and filled with oil or other substance which
distributes the heat applied outside the jacket more or less evenly all round its inner
surface. Instead of applying the flame directly to the jacket, hot liquid may be
circulated through it.
For reducing the temperature below that of the surrounding atmosphere, cold
water, brine etc., may be circulated through the jacket, but whatever arrangement for
heating or cooling the bush may be adopted, provision should be made for the insertion
of a thermometer as close to the bush as practicable.
Instead of having internal flanges the bush may be formed internally of larger
diameter towards the centre than at the ends and longer than the bearing parts of the
journal within, the diminution being continued to the ends. Thus the form may be
that of a barrel or of two truncated cones placed with their bases together, or other
convenient form may be adopted.
The expanding journal may be formed of two or more parts pressed out by spring
or other force against the inner surface of the bush and is so constructed that its parts
can be drawn together until it is capable of passing through the contracted end of
the bush. The bush may be attached to the end of a shaft supported by bearings in
which it is free to oscillate or may be carried entirely by the expanding journal. In
the former case the rubbing parts of the journal need not be self-centering or inde-
pendent of other control than the binding action of the bush for remaining equidistant
from the axis of the rotating shaft in the latter case this is requisite and is
conveniently effected by making the journal (as shown in the drawings) in two parts
one of which is rigidly connected to or in one piece with the shaft by which it is
rotated and the other hinged to it or connected by guiding studs or otherwise and
pressed out by a spring.
:

page_text: The oil to be tested is placed inside the bush and on the journal and when the desired
temperature is attained the machine is started.
The tendency, due to friction, of the journal to carry the bush round with it is
counteracted and measured by a spring-balance or pendulum or other apparatus
suitably connected to the bush. The amount of friction may be autographically
recorded on a revolving drum or moving card, with reference either to time or to
revolutions of the machine. To minimise vibrations of the pendulum or spring a fly
in gear therewith may be used.
In that part of the apparatus which is used for measuring the quantity of the
lubricant and applying it to the testing journal I prefer to employ a graduated glass
tube of small bore-such as is used for registering-thermometers for instance and a
piece of wire or equivalent capable of freely passing down the tube. One end of the
wire is served with cotton or otherwise made into a piston fitting closely to the tube
by inserting it in which a small syringe is formed. The tube should be pointed at
one end and by preference slightly opened out at the other. To use the apparatus it
is first charged with the oil to be measured, the piston being entered at the enlarged
end of the tube and the pointed end wiped clean. The piston is then pressed in until
opposite one of the graduations and the expressed oil drawn off the point of the tube
by moving over some clean hard surface. By further pushing in the piston any
desired quantity of lubricant may then be discharged directly on to the surfaces where
it is required and the test conducted in the usual manner.
In order the more clearly to set forth the nature of this invention I refer to the
accompanying drawings of an apparatus actually made, in which drawings:-
Fig. 1. is a perspective view, Fig. 2. a vertical cross section through jacket, bush,
and journal, Fig. 3. a vertical longitudinal section through the same, and Fig. 4.
shows the measuring tube and its piston.
Mounted on a main standard Q. P. (Fig. 1.) is a driving shaft D carrying at its
outer end an expanding journal B (Figs. 1, 2, 3.), formed of two portions, pressed
apart by the helical spring C, which two portions can be drawn together against the
pressure of C by means of the two screws M. M. These screws also serve to hold in
position and rotate the upper of the two portions as shown in the drawings.
A is metal bush with internal flanges a, surrounded by the jacket E to the outside
of which are attached the arm e and its counterpoising weight e', the thermometer G
and the flame-guard F, which last prevents the deposit of condensed moisture on the
cold surface of B when the Bunsen burner L is first lighted, and also, when the
jacketed bush E A is removed from the journal, serves as a foot for it to stand on.
The arm e is attached to one end of a chain H the other end of which is connected by
means of a drum or pulley inside the case N to the pendulum J (the movements of
which are shown on the dial K by the index finger K¹), so that the greater the pull
on H (due to friction between B and A) the further J is drawn over to one side, and
the greater is its moment of resistance about its point of suspension. The indicating
mechanism is carried by the branch P of the main standard Q P. O is a revolution
counter. R (Fig. 1.) is the graduated measuring tube, pointed at the end R', and
funnel-shaped at the other end, R. S is the piston served with cotton at S¹ so as to
fit the bore of the tube R.
With the expanding journal and bush constructed as shown in the drawings no
further means of supporting or guiding the bush is needed, but it will be understood
that, while I prefer to employ the internal flanges a whether for holding the bush in
position or for retaining the oil, it is nevertheless possible to use this bush without any
flanges at all, and that I can do so if occasion arise.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said Inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. In an Oil Testing Machine the employment of a bush or complete bearing such
as A with internal flanges a or their equivalent, substantially as specified.
2. In an Oil Testing Machine an expanding testing journal having two or more

page_text: bearing faces kept apart by spring or other pressure substantially as and for the
purpose described.
3. In an Oil Testing Machine the combination with an
expanding testing journal of
a continuous outer bearing or bush substantially as described.
4. In an Oil Testing Machine an expanding journal in two or more parts
whereof one part is rigidly connected to the shaft which drives it substantially as
described.
5. In an Oil Testing Machine the combination with a bush such as A of a hollow
casing or jacket such as E substantially as described and illustrated in the accom-
panying drawings.
6. In an Oil Testing Machine the combination with a bush such as A of a solid
jacket of copper or other good conductor of heat for the purpose of conveying to
all parts of the bush the heat applied at one part (and for the reverse action when it
is desired to cool the bush) substantially as described.
7. In Oil Testing Apparatus the complete measuring tube R S substantially as
described and illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
Dated this 18th day of April 1889.
WILFRID S. BOULT.