Improvements in and relating to Syphonic and other Traps for Flushing and Discharging Apparatus of Water Closets and other Appliances.
Year: 1896

page_text: Date of Application, 15th June, 1896
Complete Specification Left, 15th Mar., 1897-Accepted, 15th June, 1897
Improvements in and relating to Syphonic and other Traps for
Flushing and Discharging Apparatus of Water Closets and other
Appliances.
I, GEORGE CHISHOLM Juur. of The Craigs, in the City and County of Stirling,
North Britain Manufacturing Plumber, do hereby declare the nature of this
invention to be as follows:-
It relates to traps and syphons for fluid substances passing through sinks, wash
basins, cisterns, water closets, urinals and other appliances and has for its chief
objects:-
1st. To render such traps and syphons secure against involuntary or unintentional
operation.
2nd. To render such traps and syphons capable of quick or instantaneous
operation.
3rd. To make such traps and syphons self acting.
4th. To prevent water overflowing sinks and other vessels.
5th. To do away with plug outlet valves for wash hand basins and other
vessels.
These improved trap and syphon devices comprise a triple bend syphon with
openings at the lower ends only the centre bend in most cases constituting the trap
also an air valve pneumatic push or their equivalent and in many cases a miniature
duplicate syphonic trap connected with and open to the inlet and outlet parts of the
larger syphon its continuation or auxiliary pipes. They comprise also a triple
bend syphon and trap and a miniature duplicate syphon and trap with upper and
nether orifices and connected into the inlet bend only of the principal syphon.
In carrying out one modification of this invention in connection with an overhead
flushing cistern a triple bend syphonic trap is formed below the water level within
the cistern its inlet bend is open at its lower end to the cistern and its outlet end
which is smaller than the inlet one is connected with a flushing pipe associated with
a closet urinal or other apparatus. A small bore pipe is connected to the upper
part of the inlet bend of this syphon and its opposite end formed into a miniature
syphon bend is connected to the lower part of the outlet portion within the cistern.
A small bore blow-out pipe is attached to this miniature syphon and conveyed to
some part connected with or convenient to the closet or other apparatus and
furnished with a pneumatic push or its equivalent. The cistern being fitted
with a water service tap and ball lever cock the operation of the devices is as
follows:-
When the trap of the miniature syphon is sealed the water is allowed to flow
into the cistern until it is cut off by the ball controlled cock the air lock which is
formed in the upper part of the principal syphons inlet bend effectually prevents
the passage of the water through the principal syphon. In order to disturb or
undo this air lock the seal of the miniature syphon trap must be broken. This is
effected by pressure imparted to the pneumatic push or other agent which blows or
forces out the water in whole or part from the miniature trap, discharging it into
the principal syphon's outlet: this allows the escape of the air from the aforesaid

page_text: Inlet bend and the water has free course through the principal syphon and by the
suction which is exerted at its outlet through the miniature auxiliary one also until
the cistern is emptied when the two traps are again sealed by means of the water
remaining in each after the syphonic action ceases and the cistern begins to refil:
the air lock is automatically formed again in the top of the inlet bend as the water
rises in the cistern and can only be released by the operation of the pneumatic
push or equivalent device for blowing sucking or forcing out the water seal of the
miniature syphon.
In carrying out a second modification of this invention in connection with an
overhead flushing cistern two syphons and traps are formed with tap and ball cock
somewhat as above described, within a cistern the inlet end of the small syphon is
connected to the inlet bend of the large one and the outlet end of the small one to
the outlet bend of the large one: the outlet end of the small syphon being
sometimes continued a distance downwards within the outlet end of the large syphon
for the purpose of obtaining greater suction. The small pipe connected with the
pneumatic push is united to this auxiliary syphon and has sometimes a reservoir
receptacle or bulb upon it. The operation of these devices is the same as those of
the first named modification.
A third modification of the invention comprises. an overhead flushing cistern,
water service, ball lever and cock large and small syphon: the small syphon is
connected with the inlet bend of the large one and the pipe is conveyed to any
suitable distance away from the cistern and united to a miniature syphon with an
outlet into a waste pipe: this miniature syphon is furnished with a push or valve
for ejecting the water from within its trap bend: its operation is very much the
same as that of the first modification.
A fourth modification differs from the first one chiefly in two respects: it has in
a cistern the large and small syphons ball lever cock and tap but has no pneumatic
push or pipe for blowing out the water from the seal of the small syphon but
instead of it it has a transverse lever with cord or other means for manual operation
in order to press down the ball lever or other article until such an extra head
of water is led into or raised up within the cistern as will overcome the seal of the
small syphon and force out the water from it: then the flushing and refilling take
place as in the case of the first described and subsequent modifications.
A fifth modification comprises a cistern, tap, ball lever cock and large syphon as
before described, also a triple bend miniature syphon blow out pipe and pneumatic
push. These two syphons are within the cistern. One extreme end of the miniature
or auxiliary syphon is fixed upon and opens into the upper part of the large
syphons inlet bend its opposite end has an open trumpet mouth near the high
water level and immediately beneath the tap: from the lower part of this auxiliary
syphon where two of its bends meet a pipe of large capacity is conveyed downwards
and terminates with an open end towards the bottom of the cistern. A water seal
is formed in that portion of this auxiliary syphon which is beneath the tap and a
small blow-out pipe is attached to its trap bend. The water flows from the tap
into this open bell mouth of the small syphon and through two bends of this latter
into the open pipe which depends downwards into the cistern until the water rises
above the open ends of the large and small syphons: when the water closes these
open ends of the pipes the smal! syphon has two water seals and the air confined in
the inlet bend of the large syphon has no means of escape through the auxiliary
syphon. When the cistern is filled and the water supply cut off by the raising of
the ball lever the small syphon trap bend is sealed but an uninterrupted air way is
formed through its bends to the large syphon's air locked inlet bend: the open
ended vertical conduit pipe is also air locked by the compressed air in the small
syphon above it. If force is applied to the pneumatic push the water is discharged
from the trap of the small syphon and the air is released from the locked inlet bend
of the large syphon which immediately commences to work, rapidly emptying the
cisteru, the ball lever falling and admitting water meantime through the bell
mouthed end of the small syphon and the open crook shaped vertical conduit

page_text: pipe: the emptying proceeds more rapidly than the filling process and the large
syphon becomes air locked again when the water rises above the open lower ends
of the two syphons.
A sixth modification relates to urinal syphonic trap devices. An overhead
flushing cistern is fitted with tap ball lever cock and large triple bend syphonic
trap as before described the outlet pipe of the syphon being connected with a
urinal basin for flushing purposes. In the waste pipe of the urinal basin and
beneath its grating or outlet a small suction pipe with cup shaped top is fixed and
connected to a miniature syphon with trap bend which is fitted either inside or
outside of the waste pipe and an extension pipe of small bore connects it with the
upper inlet bend of the large syphon in the cistern or the miniature syphonic trap
of the cupped suction pipe may be within the cistern. No blow-out pipe or
pneumatic push is required for these syphonic devices; they are operated
automatically, by suction. When the apparatus is in use any water flowing from
the basin through the aforesaid cupped pipe acts as a suction and draws out the
water seal of the small syphon releasing the air in the lock of the large syphon and
causing the large syphon to commence its work of flushing: the water from the
large syphou filling also the small one. One such cistern and large syphon is
sufficient for a range of basins each basin being fitted with a small syphon and
cup suction pipe all in the range being coupled up for simultaneous or conjoint
flushing.
A seventh modification comprises an arrangement of these improved syphoning
and trap devices for securing simultaneous and conjoint syphoning and locking in a
triple bend syphonic trap contained within an overhead flushing cistern and the
triple bend syphonic trap of a water closet combined therewith. This cistern, tap,
ball lever cock and large triple bend syphonic trap therein are constructed as
previously described the outlet or flushing pipe thereof is connected with a water
closet having a triple bend syphonic trap for the purpose of keeping a head of water
always in the closet pan. To the upper part of the cistern syphons air locked or
inlet bend a small bore pipe is attached and extends to the corresponding bend of
the closets' syphon and a branch of this pipe forming a miniature syphon connects it
with the outlet end of the closet syphon. A small bore blow-out pipe is attached
to the trap of this small syphon and conveyed to a suitable point near the closet
seat and furnished with a pneumatic push or equivalent device. Assuming that
this cistern and traps contain the water requisite for their operation the same is
effected by pressure applied to the pneumatic push or other device which results in
blowing out this water seal from the small syphon trap and releases the air in the
two large air locked syphon bends; the head of water in the closet pan, and that
in the cistern, immediately subsides takes the place of the air in the inlet syphon
bends and the syphonic and flushing process commences simultaneously and
conjointly in the cistern and in the closet, the water flowing through the three
syphons and leaving at the end of the flush a supply of water in the trap of the
small syphon sufficient to seal it again.
An eighth modification comprises an arrangement of these syphoning and trap
devices in conjunction with a lavatory or wash hand basin. A triple bend syphonic
trap is combined with the end of the outlet or waste pipe of a lavatory basin so
that the trap and waste pipe when filled with water lock the air in the upper part
of the syphon's inlet bend. A small-bore vent pipe is connected into the upper
part of this inlet syphon bend and extends to some convenient part adjacent to the
syphon outlet pipe where it is formed into a small syphon bend and led into the said
outlet pipe; a blow-out pipe with pneumatic push at any convenient part being
connected to the trap bend of the small syphon and operated voluntarily for
emptying the basin when required. When the small syphonic trap is sealed and
water is put in the basin this small seal suffices to keep the air locked in the large
syphon bend and enables a sufficient depth of water to be kept in the basin for
lavatory purposes, but this small seal is easily overcome especially if the basin is
filled too full so that if by accident water should be left constantly running in this

page_text: hand basin its weight would break the small syphon seal and start the syphonic
action for emptying the basin before the water could fill the basin to overflowing.
A ninth modification comprises a triple bend syphonic trap combined with the
outlet end of a lavatory waste pipe and a vent pipe connected to the air locked
bend of the syphon and to an air valve. This air lock is competent to retain water
sufficient in the basin for lavatory purposes but not more: if the basin becomes too
full the air lock is overcome sufficiently to enable the excess of water to flow away.
When the air valve is operated the air lock in the syphon bend is undone and the
lavatory is emptied by the action of the syphon. These last named devices are
applicable to a sink, trough, bath or wash tub.
In any of the various modifications a suction or other kind of valve may be fitted
to the small syphon or the blow-out pipe for its operation in place of the pneumatic
push it is also connected with a bolt or other fitting upon a closet door so that its
operation is necessitated and insured by the internal fastening and unfastening of
the door.
D
1000
JOSEPH
LOCKWOOD,
263 Argyle Street, Glasgow, Agent for the Applicant.
Improvements in and relating to Syphonic and other Traps for
Flushing and Discharging Apparatus of Water Closets and other
Appliances.
I, GEORGE CHISHOLM Junr. of The Craigs, in the City and County of Stirling,
North Britain, Manufacturing Plumber, do hereby declare the nature of this
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
It relates to traps and syphons for fluid substances passing through sinks, wash
basins, cisterns, water closets, urinals and other appliances and has for its chief
objects:-
1st. To render such traps and syphons secure against involuntary or unintentional
operation.
2nd. To render such traps and syphons capable of quick or instantaneous
operation.
3rd. To make such traps and syphons self-acting.
4th. To prevent water overflowing sinks and other vessels.
5th. To do away with plug outlet valves for wash hand basins and other
vessels.
The invention will be better understood if reference is made to the accompanying
drawings, in which:
Figures 1 to 3 are sectional views in elevation shewing these improvements
applied to an overhead supply cistern.
Figure 4 is a sectional view in elevation shewing these improvements combined
with a urinal and overhead cistern.
Figures 5 to 7 are views in elevation and section shewing these improvements
applied to a lavatory basin.
Figures 8 and 9 are details relating to Figs. 6 and 7.
Similar letters of reference and numerals throughout the illustrations indicate
corresponding parts.
These improved trap and syphon devices comprise a triple bend syphon and

page_text: trap B to Fig. 1 and a miniature duplicate syphon and trap D, d to d¹ Fig. 1
with upper and nether orifices d', d and connected into the inlet bend only of the
principal syphon B; also in many cases a miniature duplicate syphonic trap D,
, Fig. 2 connected with, and open to the inlet and outlet parts of the larger
syphon B, its continuation or auxiliary pipes and a triple bend syphon arrange-
ment B to , D to d Fig. 3 with openings at the lower ends 63 d³ only, the centre
bend, d¹ in most cases, constituting the trap.
One modification of this invention is shewn in Figure 1 of the drawings and
comprises an overhead flushing cistern A, a triple bend syphonic trap B, 61, 62,
tap G and cock with ball lever g' also a triple bend miniature syphon D, d', d³,
do, do, a blow-out pipe E and pneumatic push e'. These two syphons B and D are
within the cistern. One extreme end of the miniature or auxiliary syphon D is
fixed upon and opens into the upper part B of the large syphous inlet bend; its
opposite end d has an open trumpet shaped mouth near the high-water level, C,
and immediately beneath the tap G. From the lower part ds of this auxiliary
syphon where two of its bends D, meet, a pipe do, of comparatively large capacity
is conveyed downwards and terminates with an open end d towards the bottom of
the cistern A, and near the level of the open end 3 of the large syphon. A water
seal is formed in that bent portion d" of this auxiliary syphon which is beneath the
tap, and a small blow-out pipe E is attached to this trap bend d¹. The water flows
from the tap G into the open bell-mouth d' of the small syphon and through the
two bends d, do, and the open mouthed pipe do, d, into the cistern until the
water rises above the open ends and d¹. When the water rises above these two
open ends 63 and d and closes them the small syphon D has two water seals
namely d and d and the air confined in the inlet bend B of the large syphon has
no means of escape through the auxiliary syphon. When the water rises in
the cistern to the level marked C its further flow is cut off by the action of the
ball lever g', and the small syphon D is sealed at d" d, but an uninterrupted air
way remains in and through its other bends D, ds, do, to the air-locked bend B of
the large syphon. If force is applied, under these circumstances to the pneumatic
push e the water is discharged from the trap d and the air-lock obtains instant
release from the bend B and the large syphon immediately commences to work,
rapidly emptying the cistern. The ball lever g' falls with the subsiding water and
opens the tap G. The inflowing water enters the bell mouthed pipe d' and flows
down the crock shaped pipe do, do. The emptying process is more rapid than the
filling and ceases when the water falls below d as the air which then enters at d
passes through the pipe D into B and breaks the syphonic action. When the
inflowing water again rises above 63 and d" the air lock is again formed in B, D
and the water supply is cut off at G when the ball lever rises to the level of C.
In carrying out one modification of this invention (as shewn in Figure 2 of the
drawings) in connection with an overhead flushing or supply cistern A, a triple
bend syphonic trap B, 61, 62, is formed below the water level C within the cistern;
its inlet bend B is open at its lower end 63 to the cistern and its outlet end b',
which is smaller internally than the inlet one, is connected with a flushing pipe 65
associated with a closet, urinal or other apparatus. A small bore pipe D is
connected to the upper part B of the flushing syphons' inlet bend and is bent into
the form of a miniature auxiliary syphon trap d', its outlet end being connected to
any convenient part of the large flushing syphons' outlet bend 62 which is within
the cistern. A small-bore blow-out pipe E is attached to this miniature syphon
near d' and conveyed to some part connected with, or convenient to the closet or
other apparatus which is to be flushed and furnished there with a pneumatic push
such as e Fig. 1, or other equivalent device. This cistern A, being fitted with a
water service tap G and ball lever cock g' the operation of the apparatus is as
follows:-
When the miniature syphon D, d' has been sealed with water, the water supply
is allowed to flow into the cistern A until it is cut off by the rising of the ball-
controlled cock G, g': the air-lock which is subsequently formed in the upper

page_text: part B of the principal syphons' inlet bend effectually prevents the passage of the
water through the principal syphon B, b, b.
In order, thereafter, to disturb or undo this air-locked condition of the principal
syphon, the seal of the miniature syphon trap d' must be broken: this is effected
by pressure imparted to the pneumatic push e (or other agent) which blows, forces
out or otherwise extracts the water, in whole or part from the miniature trap d',
discharging it either into the principal syphons' outlet 6 or elsewhere. This
breaking of the seal in d' allows the air to escape through the pipe D from the
aforesaid inlet bend B and the water has free course through the principal
syphon B, 1, 2, and, by means of the suction which is exerted at its outlet b',
through the miniature auxiliary syphon D, d' also, until the cistern is emptied.
The two traps B, 1, 2, and D, dare again sealed by means of the water
remaining in each after the above named syphonic action ceases. Then the
cistern A begins to refil through the opening of the tap G by the subsidence of
the float 9, the air-lock is automatically formed again in the top of the inlet
bend B as the water rises in the cistern and can only be released again by the
operation of the pneumatic push e¹ or an equivalent device for blowing, sucking,
forcing or otherwise extracting part of the water seal of the miniature syphon d
The foregoing description relates to syphonic trap devices fixed within a flushing
cistern. If the two syphons B and D are fitted outside the cistern A, or partly
inside and partly out, their operation is essentially the same as already described.
When the syphons are outside of the cistern a smaller sized cistern can be used;
and by fitting these syphons below the cistern an increased pressure can be
obtained in the air lock. The device marked e Fig. 2 is a syringe or sucker for
momentarily drawing out the water seal from the trap d' in order to start the
syphonic action in B, b.
.
Another modification of the invention is shewn in Figure 3. The suction in
is sometimes too strong, during the flushing process in the devices shewn in
Figure 2, and exhausts the water completely from the auxiliary trap d' and
terminates with a gurgling sound. To counteract these results the auxiliary
syphon D, d' is extended into a triple bend d with open end d³ near the bottom of
the cistern. The excessive suction in draws water through both D and d
into so that when the contents of B, D and d' have passed into the contents
of d continue flowing into d' as the suction is ceasing in . By means of this
device the trap d' is always supplicd with sufficient water for sealing it, and the
syphonic action terminates silently, without gurgling.
When the small bore extraction pipe e' is fixed to the trap d as shewn in Fig. 3
the opening of the tap e extracts part only of the water from d', namely that
which is in the pipe extending from e to . The remainder of the water in d' is
insufficient to resist the air pressure from B and is blown out by the force exerted
upon the air-lock in B by the head of water (shewn at C) in the cistern.
A further modification of the invention shewn in Fig. 4 relates to urinal
syphonic trap devices. An overhead flushing cistern A is fitted with a water
supply tap G, a cock with ball lever g' and large triple bend syphonic trap B, 61, 63
such as before described. The outlet pipe 6 of this syphon is connected with a
urinal basin H for flushing purposes. In the waste pipe of the said basin, and
beneath its grating or outlet a small suction pipe 2 with cup shaped top ³ is fixed
and connected to a miniature syphon d3 with trap bend which is fitted either
inside or outside of the waste pipe ¹ and a small bore extension pipe, D, connects
it with the upper, inlet, bend B of the large syphon connected with or in the
cistern A. No blow out pipe E or pneumatic push e is required in this
modification. These urinal flushing and syphoning devices are operated auto-
matically, by suction. When the apparatus is in use any fluid passing from the
basin H through the cupped pipe 2, 3, produces a suction in the pipe d¹³ and
draws out the water seal of the small syphon trap d' thereby releasing through the
pipe D the air locked in the bend B of the large syphon which thereupon

page_text: commences to flush the basin H. The water passing up the syphon pipe 6s and B
fills the small pipe D also and flows through d' as well as b. One such cistern
and syphon is sufficient to flush a range of two three or more urinal basins.
If the cistern A, Figs. 1, 2 or 3 is made extra deep so that a considerable head
of water may be obtained above the syphons and the trap d' is made proportionately
shallow the flushing process can be made to result automatically at certain intervals
when the water reaches a certain level in the cistern and overcomes by its pressure
the water seal in d¹ and blows it out. This automatic method of breaking the
water seal in d¹ is applicable to overhead flushing cisterns for urinals in schools or
railway stations.
One modification of the invention, shewn in Fig. 5, comprises a triple bend
syphonic trap 13, combined with the outlet end of a lavatory waste pipe j
and a vent pipe D conuected to the air locked bend jl of the said syphon and to an
air valve e. The air lock which is formed in is competent to retain water
sufficient in the basin J for lavatory purposes but not more: if the basin J becomes
too full of water the air lock in is overcome sufficiently to enable the water to
flow away.
When sufficient water is in the basin J and the air valve e' is opened
the air lock in the syphon bend j¹ is undone and the lavatory basin J is emptied by
the action of the syphon.
Another modification shewn in Fig. 6 comprises a triple bend syphonic
trap, combined with the outlet end j of a lavatory waste pipe which is
closed at its base and a vent pipe D connected to the apparatus adjacently to
the air locked bend j' of the aforesaid syphou and to an air valve e.
When water
is filled into the trap and basin J an air lock is formed in the bend (so long as
the valve e is closed) which is competent to retain a sufficient amount of water in
the basin J for lavatory purposes, but not more. If the basin J becomes too full.
of water the air lock in is overcome sufficiently to enable the water to flow away.
When the air is locked in and the air valve e2 is momentarily opened the air
escapes and the syphonic action commences in j¹ to 3 and continues until the
basin J is emptied. The air valve e² being closed and the trap sealed with water,
the basin J can be again supplied with water and used again. The bent pipe j',
Fig. 6 which is enclosed within the lavatory waste pipe becomes air locked in
the operation of the devices and is made (by preference) removeable at * from the
base of the said waste pipe and from that part of the apparatus which is
between and into which the bend is made to fit with an air tight joint.
When it is thus removed, access can be had to the interior of the trap
examination, cleaning or other purpose.
for
For effecting the aforesaid removal and replacement of j¹ from j, 12, the lower
extension of the pipe j¹ is made smaller in diameter than the bore of j2 and by
making this tail pipe to project some distance below the point j a sufficient
degree of suction is exerted in to extract the water from the trap formed within
the waste pipe j.
For convenience of detaching removing and replacing the bend, the vent
pipe D is connected to the air locked part of the apparatus somewhere about
the junction of the parts j', and near to where they are fitted one within the
other.
In Figure 7 a slight variation of the parts composing this lavatory syphoning
apparatus is shewn where the air-locking bend is made in the form of a cap or
dome instead of the bent pipe 1 and the pipe which connects it with j³ is
preferably detached from the said dome 10 but does not interfere with or interrupt
the air-lock which is formed between 10 and . This cover or dome 10 Fig. 7 cau
be lifted away and access obtained, through, to the interior of for cleaning or
other purposes without necessarily removing the pipe. This pipe, Figure 7 is
also capable of being made removeable from j when required: and it is sometimes
united to 10 so that, and may be removed together.
The dimensions of the air-lock which is formed between the water seal in ♬ and

page_text: the bend or dome 11, 110, is regulated by the distance apart to which the parts³
aud je are removed. If this distance apart is great the said air chamber j³ is large;
or vice versa.
No plugs or stoppers are required for lavatory basins which are fitted with
these syphoning devices, but in every case, a cover or grating Figs. 5, 6 and 7 is
placed over the mouth of the waste pipe and affords means of access to the
interior of for removal of the bent pipe or dome 10 and its leg for
examination of the trap.
There is no way for the water contained in the basin J to flow into the trap
except through the syphon Figs. 5 and 6 which is fitted to or into the upper end
of or through the equivalent devices 110, 0, shewn in Figure 7.
The principal parts constituting these lavatory syphoning devices are all, by
preference, made detachable from the basin J and from each other. A union
joint Figs. 5, 6 and 7 is made upon the short leg of the trap for enabling the
interior of the trap to be examined.
The syphon bends j, j, and pipe ja Figure 5, can be removed from if the vent
pipe D and the bend are first detached.
The waste pipe Figures 6 and 7 can be detached from the basin J and from
its outlet end which is partially closed with a sole plate to which the long leg
of the trap is attached, removeably or otherwise. The syphon bend Fig. 6 is
of smaller bore than 2 and the latter is smaller than so that the waste pipe
outlet end with closed base je serves the same purpose towards that the
cistern A fulfils (in the devices shewn in Figs. 1 to 4) towards the syphon B, 63.
In Figs. 8 and 9 the parts and are shewn removed from the apparatus and
exhibit the tapered collar 8 for effecting an air and watertight joint in the base of
the outlet end j.
The syphoning and trap devices shewn in Figs. 5 to 7 are designed for applica-
tion to a sink, trough, bath or wash tub. In any of the various modifications
described and drawn herein (Figures 1 to 5) a suction or other kind of valve, ea
or may be fitted to the small syphoning appliances d¹ for extracting the
water and starting the syphon in place of the pneumatic push e¹ Fig. 1: and
this starting valve is also designed to be operated by means of a bolt or other
part of a closet door so that its operation is necessitated by the opening or closing
of the door.
I am aware that, previous to my invention triple bend and other syphons, air and
water locked; also air and other valves, ball lever cocks and other devices for
their operation have been combined with overhead flushing and supply cisterns;
also that triple bend and other syphonic traps with air valves for their operation
have been combined with lavatory basins and other vessels it will therefore be
understood that I do not claim such things as my invention.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is:
First. In an overhead flushing or supply cistern A, the combination of devices
all substantially as herein described with reference to Figure 1 of the drawings or
any mere modification thereof for the purposes specified.
Second. In an overhead flushing or supply cistern A, the combination of devices
all substantially as herein described with refercnce to Figure 2 of the drawings or
any mere modification thereof for the purposes specified.
Third. In an overhead flushing or supply cistern A, the combination of devices
all substantially as herein described with reference to Figure 3 of the drawings or
any mere modification thereof for the purposes specified.
Fourth. In an overhead flushing cistern A. and urinal basin H the combination
therewith of the syphoning devices all substantially as herein described with
reference to Figure 4 of the drawings or any mere modification thereof for the
purposes specified.

page_text: Fifth. In a lavatory basin J the combination therewith of the devices all substan-
tially as herein described with reference to Figure 5 of the drawings or any mere
modification thereof for the purposes specified.
Sixth. In a sink, trough, bath or such like vessel the combination therewith of
the devices all substantially as herein described with reference to Figure 5 of the
drawings or any mere modification thereof for the purposes specified.
Seventh. In a lavatory basin J the combination therewith of the devices all
substantially as herein described with reference to Figure 6 of the drawings or
any mere modification thereof for the purposes specified.
Eighth. In a sink, trough, bath or such like vessel the combination therewith of
the devices all substantially as herein described with reference to Figure 6 of the
drawings or any mere modification thereof for the purposes specified.
Ninth. In a lavatory basin J the combination therewith of the devices all sub-
stantially as herein described with reference to Fig. 7 of the drawings or any mere
modification thereof for the purposes specified.
Tenth. In a sink, trough, bath or such like vessel the combination therewith of
the devices all substantially as herciu described with reference to Figure 7 of the
drawings or any mere modification thereof for the purposes specified.
Dated this Thirteenth day of March 1897.
JOSEPH
LOCKWOOD,
263 Argyle Street, Glasgow, Agent for the Applicant.