IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF, AND IN APPARATUS FOR THE EXTRACTION AND REFINING OF FATTY MATTERS FROM BONES AND OTHER FAT CONTAINING SUBSTANCES
Year: 1883

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Arthur Charles Henderson of 47 Museum Street Oxford
Street in the Parish of Bloomsbury and county of Middlesex for an Invention
of IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF, AND IN APPARATUS FOR THE EXTRACTION
AND REFINING OF FATTY MATTERS FROM BONES AND OTHER FAT CONTAINING
SUBSTANCES communicated to him from abroad by Doctor Werner Schneider
of Lehrberg near Ausbach, Bavaria in the German Empire
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Arthur Charles Henderson
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 20th August 1883.
2
ARTHUR CHARLES HENDERSON of 47 Museum Street Oxford Street in the
Parish of Bloomsbury and county of Middlesex IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD
OF, AND IN APPARATUS FOR THE EXTRACTION AND REFINING OF FATTY MATTERS
FROM BONES AND OTHER FAT CONTAINING SUBSTANCES A communication to me
from abroad by Doctor Werner Schneider of Lehrberg near Ausbach, Bavaria, in
the German Empire
The apparatus consists of a boiler mounted or set in brick work, in this the
bones or other matter from which it is desired to extract the fat, are placed; a
solvent liquid such for example as benzine contained in a reservoir, is conducted
to the matter to be operated upon by means of a tube communicating with the
bottom of the boiler. Just above this tube or pipe is a serpentine steam pipe
through which steam is made to pass by any convenient method so as to bring the
solvent liquid to a state of ebulition
.
The emitted steam of the solvent liquid then rises through the matter under
treatment to the lid of the boiler, and enters a tube connected to the upper part of
the boiler and passes thence to a serpentine and condensing pipe which is a
continuation of the tube. As soon as this occurs the steam from the steam pipe
is shut off and two taps mounted on pipes communicating with a second boiler are
[Price 6dl

page_text: opened, the remaining liquid benzine then passes with the dissolved fat through
one of the pipes into this second boiler which like the first is provided with a
steam pipe near the bottom.
As soon as a quantity of benzine and fat has flowed into this boiler sufficient to
cover the steam pipe, steam is admitted through this pipe and the evolved vapour
from the benzine in ebulition rises through a pipe at the top of this boiler and
enters the first boiler with which this pipe cominunicates at the base, and passing
through the bones or other matter therein contained reaches the tube at the top
of this boiler from which pipe it passes to the condensing pipe in which the vapour
is condensed and the liquid falls into a reservoir beneath, from which it may be
conducted to two other reservoirs by opening taps on pipes in communication with
the respective reservoirs and as soon as the first of these is sufficiently full with
benzine one of the taps is closed so that the other reservoir is then similarly filled.
From these reservoirs the liquid is forced up pipes runing from the reservoirs to
the top of the first named boiler and enters fermenting apparatus consisting of
long perforated tubes arranged horizontally and vertically inside this boiler.
The object of these tubes is to bring the solvent liquid in direct contact with the
substance under treatment in each of its layers so that it becomes thoroughly
impregnated with the liquid benzine which is thus thoroughly distributed.
At the same time that the liquid benzine is being thus distributed the vapour
of the benzine in ebulition from the second boiler is still continued, by this means
there is a constant circulation of both the liquid and vapour benzine
The liquid benzine from one of the two reservoirs previously mentioned is forced
into the first boiler by the pipe communicating with this boiler and from this pipe
it percolates through the mass of matter contained in the boiler and encountering
the vapours which rise from the layers beneath; (which layers are kept constantly
hot by the vapours) flows on collecting in its passage the liquid fat with which it
passes to the bottom of the boiler and thence through the pipe at the bottom of
this boiler into the second boiler, the serpentine steain pipe in which lutter
immediately effects the evaporation of the liquid solution, transforming it into
vapour, which then passes back into the first boiler to pass through the matter
therein contained precisely in the manner as hereinbefore described; this operation
is continued as long as may be required to purify and cleanse the fatty matters
And in order to more thorouglity effect this, steam is finally caused to enter
(through a pipe at the bottom of the second boiler) into the fatty matter and the
steam rises through the pipe at the top of this boiler and enters tlie first named
boiler and ejects the benzine from the fatty substances:
The vapours charged with benzine are then condensed and pass to the reservoirs
to be again employed as before.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Arthur Charles Henderson in the Patent Office on the 18th February
1884.
:
ARTHUR CHARLES HENDERSON of 47 Museum Street Oxford Street in the
Parish of Bloomsbury and County of Middlesex IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD
OF AND IN APPARATUS FOR THE EXTRACTION, AND REFINING OF FATTY MATTERS
FROM BONES AND OTHER FAT CONTAINING SUBSTANCES A communication to me
from abroad. by Doctor Werner Schneider of Lehrberg near Ausbach, Bavaria
in the German Empire
The apparatus consists of a boiler A, mounted or set in brick work, in this
boiler the bones or other matter from which it is desired to extract the fat, are
placed, a solvent liquid such for example as benzine, contained in a reservoir C, is
conducted by means of a tube communicating with the bottom of the boiler A.
Just above this tube or pipe is a serpentine pipe, through which steam is made
to pass by any convenient method to bring the solvent liquid to a state of
ebulition.
The emitted steam of the solvent liquid then rises through the matter under
treatment to the lid of the boiler, and enters a tube a,. connected at the upper part
of the boiler A, and passes thence to a serpentine and condensing pipe B (a
continuation of the tube a). As soon as this occurs, the steam from the pipe d is
shut off, and the taps k. l. are opened. The remaining liquid benzine passes with
the dissolved fat through the tube o, into a cylindrical recipient or boiler G. In
this boiler at the bottom a serpentine steam pipem is placed. As soon as a quantity
of benzine and fat has flowed into this cylinder sufficient to cover the steam pipe:
steam is admitted through this pipe, and the evolved vapour from the benzine in
ebulition rises through the tube n (the tap k being opened) into the boiler A, and
passing through the bones or other matter therein contained reaches to the tube a,
thence to the condensing pipe B, in which the vapour is condensed, and the liquid
falls into the reservoir E, from which it may be conducted to the reservoir F¹, by
opening the tap e¹, and as soon as the reservoir is sufficiently filled with benzine,
the tap el is closed, and the tap e², is opened so, that the benzine can then flow into
a similar reservoir F. From these reservoirs F1, F2, the liquid is forced up the
tubes v. w. (the taps f¹. f of the respective reservoirs being previously opened)
into fermenting apparatus fixed inside. the boiler A, as shown by the letters c. c¹, c²,
c, c c. c these consist of long perforated tubes arranged horizontally and
perpendicularly in the boiler A, and extend to the bottom thereof.
The object of these tubes is to bring the solvent liquid in direct contact with the
substances under treatment in each of its layers, so that it becomes thoroughly
impregnated with the liquid benzine which is thus thoroughly distributed.
Figs 2 and 3, show the tubes c. cl. c in detail. At the same time that the liquid
benzine is being thus distributed, the vapour of the benzine in ebulition from the
boiler G, is still continued by this means there is a constant circulation of both
the liquid and vapour benzine.
The benzine liquid from F¹ is forced into the boiler A. by the pipe v, whence it
percolates through the mass of matter contained in the boiler, and encountering
the vapours which rise from the layers beneath which are kept continually warm
by them, flows on collecting in its passage the liquid fat with which it passes to
the bottom of the boiler A, and passes thence through the pipe o into the boiler G.
The serpentine steam pipe in which latter boiler immediately effects the
evaporation of the liquid solution, transforming it into vapour, which then passes

page_text: into the boiler A, and rising through the layers of matter, roaches through the
tube a to the condensing tube B, thence to the reservoir E, to enter one or other
of the reservoirs F, F, to be again forced into the boiler A as a liquid solvent.
The rising and forcing of the liquid into the tube a, is automatic and intermittent,
as the cool liquid from either F', or Fª coming in contact with the vapours rising
from the bottom of A, lowers their temperature, and consequently distillation is
not continuous. The whole process is self acting and circular,
When by turning a tap p, it is found that this circular action has been conducted
a sufficient length of time, by examining a sample of the matter, the tap on the
tubo o is closed as well as those f. f, but evaporation in the boiler G. is allowed
to continue so as to get rid of the last remnants of the volatile solvent.
By this means the fat.in G reaches boiling point and endeavours to boil over to
the tube n. to prevent which the tuber for the admission of steam is opened,
which precipitates the fat,
In order to more thoroughly cleanse the fat; steam is finally caused to enter
through the tube 8. into the fatty matter, and the steam rises through n, into the
boiler A and ejects the benzine from the extracted fatty matters, which operation
may be greatly facilitated by the admission of steam directly into A.
The vapours charged with benzine are then condensed in A. and pass into the
reservoir E. and the taps ff being closed the liquid benzine passes (by turning.
the tap q) through the tube a, into the reservoir C.
For certain matters it is advisable to change the mode of procedure by commencing
to work with a quantity of benzine poured into G. instead of heating the matter
in A.
In witness whereof I the said Arthur Charles Henderson have bereunto set my
hand and seal this eighteenth day of February in the Year of Our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and eighty four.