matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
AN IMPROVED STEAM CULTIVATING APPARATUS
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Parmiter at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 30th May 1879.
JOSEPH PARMITER, of Harwood, Ansty, near Salisbury. "AN IMPROVED STEAM
CULTIVATING APPARATUS."
The Invention consists in affixing to a self moving engine fitted with a wire rope
clip pulley, two arms made of hollow steel work, or wood, which arms, being from
ten to fifteen yards in length, or of such length as shall prove best in working, shall
extend one on each side of the engine. The arms being loosely fitted in sockets to
the front or rear of the engine, which ever way shall prove the best in working,
shall be properly stayed and supported at the extremities by disc wheels, arranged
to guide in any direction. A rope wheel shall also be affixed to each extremity.
A rope passing round the clip pulley on the engine and each of the wheels, at the
ends of the arms shall be attached to a cultivator made to go both ways without
turning, which cultivator the engine shall draw backwards and forwards without
turning between the ends of the arms. If the arms incline, and the cultivator
passes in front of the engine, the engine shall move back a distance corresponding
to the width and at every stroke of the cultivator. The engine shall be made to
reverse itself at the end of each run. The moving gear shall be so made that it can
be thrown in and out of gear when in motion. The cultivator shall be made self
steering by a rope or rod strained from the ends of the arms. The arms shall be
made in sections, and the engine made to carry them when moving from work.
In the Drawing, A is the engine with a clip pulley, B the arms, C the rope and
supporting wheels, D the rope, E the cultivator, F the arm stays, G the direction of
the engine, H the direction of cultivator. That which I particularly claim as my
Invention and desire to secure is the method of applying steam power to land
cultivation by the use of extending arms attached to a self moving engine, as
herein-before described and illustrated in the accompanying Drawing.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SPINDLES AND FLYERS
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Abraham Kershaw at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 23rd August 1879.
ABRAHAM KERSHAW, of 1, Sebastopol Street, Belfast, in the County of Antrim,
Kingdom of Ireland, Mechanic. "IMPROVEMENTS IN SPINDLES AND FLYERS."
This Invention consists of an improved method of connecting flyers to spindles.
The portion of the spindle which is inserted in the head of the flyer is formed
with one part of its length parallel to and concentric with the spindle blade, and
the other part is excentric to the axis of the spindle, and its axis is also at an angle
not parallel with the spindle blade. The head of the flyer is bored to correspond
with the spindle having a parallel hole for a portion of its length, and the remaining
portion is drilled at an angle to the spindle axis, thus the excentricity of the
portion of the spindle top carries the flyer round, and the angle at which it is
placed at the same time draws down the flyer to the shoulder.
This angled and excentric portion may be either at the top or bottom of the
portion of the spindle in the head of the flyer, but preferably at the top.
IMPROVEMENTS IN STOVE OR FIRE GRATE ORNAMENTS
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel Holt Sharp at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 15th January 1879.
SAMUEL HOLT SHARP, of Leeds, in the County of York, Stove Ornament Manu-
facturer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN STOVE OR FIRE GRATE ORNAMENTS."
This Invention relates to improvements in stove or fire grate ornaments, which
are formed of card-board or pasteboard, and my improvements consist in making
such ornaments in two or more parts shaped to fit the interior of the stove or grate,
and joined together by strings passing through eyelet holes. In order to allow
perfect ventilation certain portions may be perforated or pierced in an ornamental
manner; the nature of the articles admitting of a great variety of designs.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF APPARATUS USED FOR GASSING YARN
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Francis Yates and John Makant
Cryer at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 30th May 1879.
FRANCIS YATES and JOHN MAKANT CRYER, both of Bolton, in the County of
Lancaster. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF APPARATUS USED FOR
GASSING YARN."
This Invention relates to the small grooved pulleys round which the yarn is passed
whilst being submitted to the action of the gas flame, the principal object of the
Invention being to facilitate the withdrawing of the pulley from off its fixed stud
when required, and the retaining of the same thereon when at work. Another
object is to prevent the greasing or soiling of the yarn if it should from any cause
slip off the edge of the pulley.
The stud is fixed in the bracket in the usual manner, and in the said stud, at
about the centre of its length, we fix a small pin projecting therefrom, say about
one sixteenth of an inch.
In the interior of the boss of the pulley we form a corresponding groove in a
longitudinal direction extending for a distance corresponding with the distance of
the small pin above named from the collar of the stud, so that when the groove is
placed opposite to this pin the pulley can be passed onto the stud. And in con-
nection with the inner end of this longitudinal groove we also form inside the boss of
the pulley a circumferential groove, so that when the small pin has into this
latter the pulley can revolve freely upon the stud but can only be withdrawn there-
from by bringing the small pin exactly opposite to the longitudinal groove in the
interior of the boss.
Thus it will be seen that the pulley can revolve freely but is not liable to any
accidental displacement, at the same time that it can be readily removed when
required, the great advantage being that there is no loose pin, spring, or other
movable piece capable of being mislaid or of getting out of order.
To prevent the yarn from becoming greased or soiled by coming against the stud
in the event of its accidentally slipping off the front of the pulley we make the boss
and the stud shorter than usual so that the outer edge of the pulley projects, say
about one sixteenth of an inch, beyond the end of the stud, and on the inner edge
of the grooved pulley we form a flange to prevent the possibility of the yarn
slipping off at the back. By these means it will be seen that the soiling or greasing
of the yarn will be effectually prevented.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CHAFF CUTTERS
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Simon at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 15th March 1879. A communication from
abroad by Moritz Güldenstein and Hans Egler, both of Stuttgart, in the German
Empire.
HENRY SIMON, of No. 7, St. Peter's Square, Manchester, in the County of Lan-
caster. "IMPROVEMENTS IN CHAFF CUTTERS." [A communication from abroad by
Moritz Güldenstein and Hans Egler, both of Stuttgart, in the German Empire.]
This Invention relates to an improved mode of imparting motion to the feed
rollers of chaff cutters. For this purpose the shaft carrying the rotary cutting
blades imparts motion by means of change wheels to a second shaft which imparts
its motion by mitre wheels to a vertical spindle, on which is formed a right handed
and a left handed worm. Each worm is in gear with a worm wheel fixed respec-
tively on the axes of the two feed rollers, so that the rotary motion imparted to the
worm spindle from the cutter shaft causes the feed rollers to revolve in the required
contrary directions. The worm driving the upper roller is made of sufficient length
to allow of the varying position of the roller, according as a thicker or thinner layer
of fodder is passing through. By varying the change wheels through which the
motion is imparted from the cutter shaft to the worm spindle the speed of the feed
rollers and consequently the degree of the fineness of the chaff may be varied.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SEWING MACHINES
Year: 1879

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to George Benson, of Belfast, in the County of Antrim, Ireland,
for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN SEWING MACHINES."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said George Benson at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 22nd November 1879.
GEORGE BENSON, of Belfast, in the County of Antrim, Ireland.
IN SEWING MACHINES."
"IMPROVEMENTS
This Invention consists in improved means and arrangements adapted to sewing
machines, for the purpose of producing the "French vein " or "hemstitch."
The improved means and arrangements are mainly as follows:-
1st. The cams for giving the lateral motions to needle-the forward, backward,
and progressive movements to work being stitched-and the spur wheel for driving
the above cams are all in one solid piece, thus preventing any possibility of the
cams or gear moving round from their correct relative positions, so reducing weight
of moving parts, also wear and tear, and power necessary to drive machine, and
facilitating any repairs required to be done.
(2nd). In the needle bar guide being made to move laterally on solid fitted guides,
the needle always passing vertically through the work, while at same time the
shuttle box remains stationary. Thus a much greater steadiness and freedom from
"broken needles" or "missed stitches" is secured than when either the needle passes
through work at an angle, or when the shuttle box is moved so as to correspond
with the lateral motion of the needle.
I consider important points in this Invention to be,-
(1st). The general design, combination, and arrangement of the above means and
attachments with regard to durability, compactness, and small power required to
drive machine when used for producing the "French vein " or " hemstitch."
(2nd). The production of the "hemstitch" without moving the shuttle box.

page_text: attachments with regard to durability, compactness, and small power required to
drive machines when used for producing the "French vein" or "hemstitch."
(2.) The production of the "hemstitch" without moving the shuttle box.
In witness whereof, I, the said George Benson, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this Fifteenth day of May, in the year of our Lord One thousand
eight hundred and eighty.
Witness,
ROBERT LEMON,
Bangor.
GEORGE BENSON. (L.S.)
MENTS IN TRUSSES AND OTHER SURGICAL SUPPORTERS
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Thornton at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 1st November 1879.
CHARLES THORNTON, of Bradford, in the County of York, Plasterer. "IMPROVE
MENTS IN TRUSSES AND OTHER SURGICAL SUPPORTERS."
My Invention relates to regulating the pressure of the compression pads of any
description in hernia trusses, abdominal supporters, and any other surgical bands,
so that they can yield to the ever changing and unequal motions of the body of the
wearer.
For this purpose I construct my pads with metal frames, and each frame is made
with a plate which is covered with leather or other suitable substance. The frame is
made in the inside with a small chamber extending across the pad frame. Inside the
frame chamber I fit a spiral metal spring, by preference of steel; one end of the
spring is secured to the metal outside of the chamber, and the other end of the
spring is fitted with a button or hook having a stud, the stud being fixed to the
spring, and the spring works and expands and contracts in the chamber according
to the pressure. The stud of the button or hook works in a slot hole made in a plate
which covers the pad frame; on the button or hook is fastened the thigh strap or
other strap (according to the use and employment of the pad). By these means I
allow the pads to press with any desired degree of force, and they automatically
yield to the everchanging and unequal motion of the body of the wearer.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF GELATINE AND SIZE
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Friedrich Hermann Felix Engel at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 12th February 1879. A
communication from Otto Hassel, of Heidelberg, in the German Empire.
FRIEDRICH HERMANN FELIX ENGEL, Civil Engineer and Patent Agent, in the
City of Hamburg, Germany.. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF GELATINE
AND SIZE." A communication from Otto Hassel, of Heidelberg, in the German
Empire.
This Invention has for object the manufacture of gelatine and size out of the
plants "scatang," sea-weed, and "sea jau," and in carrying the same into effect the
said plants or any of them are boiled with water in such quantity as they shall not
burn in the caldron or boiler until there is formed therefrom a liquified mass of
the consistency of jelly; the liquid is then drawn off, and is further condensed into
the required state.
This product can be used as a surrogate for glue, as from bones or isinglass in the
manufacture of water colors, sizings for textile fabrics, also in the manufacture of
paper, and many other technical processes in which gelatine is or can be applied.
The residue which remains after the mass has been so treated can be used for the
manufacture of paper-pulp by treating the fibres of the plants in an analogous
manner to that for other material commonly used for the production of paper, such
as wood, straw, and the like, or in mixture with such other materials.
AN IMPROVED LABEL, FORMING CAPSULE, FOR PREVENTING THE FRAUDULENT USE OF TRADE MARK LABELS ON BOTTLES, JARS, AND OTHER VESSELS OF CAPACITY, APPLICABLE ALSO TO PACKETS OR PACKAGES
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Leopold Gros at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 3rd December 1879.
LEOPOLD GROS, of Devonshire Street, Portland Place, in the County of Middlesex,
Commission Agent. "AN IMPROVED LABEL, FORMING CAPSULE, FOR PREVENTING
THE FRAUDULENT USE OF TRADE MARK LABELS ON BOTTLES, JARS, AND OTHER
VESSELS OF CAPACITY, APPLICABLE ALSO TO PACKETS OR PACKAGES."
The object of my Invention is to prevent the fraudulent use of trade mark labels
heretofore remaining intact on bottles, jars, and other vessels of capacity, by refilling
such bottles or vessels with an inferior manufacture after they have been emptied
of their original contents.
Now according to my Invention I produce an improved protective trade mark
label, which is so contrived that when it is applied to a bottle or other vessel of
capacity, the act of withdrawing the cork or removing the cover therefrom
necessitates the severance of one portion of the label from the other in such a
manner that it can never be used again under any pretext whatever.
My improved protective trade mark label is composed of a band or strip of paper,
metallic foil, or other suitable material, and of (sufficient depth to extend, say, for
instance, the entire length of the neck of a bottle or for only a portion thereof, and
of sufficient width to allow of its ends meeting together or overlapping each other
when affixed to the neck of such bottle. In a piece with and extending from this
band or strip is a circular or other suitably shaped flap or piece which forms a cap
or crown, and when the cork is in place this flap is secured to the top thereof by
paste or other cementing medium. The label thus formed and applied acts at the
same time as a capsule, the trade mark being applied to either or both portions of
the label.
It will now be readily understood that on uncorking the bottle the flap will be
severed from the main portion of the label, and the label being thus destroyed
cannot be used again.
This label can also be applied in a similar manner to packets or packages
containing cigars, cigarettes, tea, powder, mustard, rice, starch, &c., &c.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LADIES' DRESS HOLDERS OR DRESS SUSPENDERS
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Walker at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 23rd July 1879.
Es
THOMAS WALKER, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Manufacturer,
IMPROVEMENTS IN LADIES' DRESS HOLDERS OR DRESS SUSPENDERS."
"
My Invention consists in constructing and arranging the parts of`ladies' dress
holders or dress suspenders in the ways hereinafter described.
I will
In constructing ladies' dress holders or dress suspenders according to my
Invention, I employ four bars of metal jointed together end to end so as to form a
four sided jointed frame. The said frame can be opened out into a lozenge shape
or so far closed as to bring the opposite sides nearly into contact. One of the joints
is provided with a ring by which the suspender is attached to the wearer.
call this joint the top of the suspender. The two sides connected with this joint
have teeth on their outer faces which are thus made into racks. A ring or clip
slides upon these sides, and by raising the ring or clip to its highest point the
suspender can be opened to its full extent. When the suspender has been more or
less closed the ring or clip being allowed to fall engages in the racks described, and
fixes the suspender in the partially closed position to which it has been brought..
The two jointed arms constituting the lower half of the suspender are not
straight, but at or near their middles have curved parts, the convex sides of which
are turned towards each other.
In using the suspender the slide is raised and the suspender is opened; the
portion of the dress to be held by the suspender is introduced into the lower half
of the suspender. The suspender is then closed upon the introduced portion of the
dress, the ring sliding upon the racked upper half of the suspender and fixing it in
its closed position.
The dress is firmly gripped by the closing of the suspender between the two
convex portions of the lower half, and is held securely until by the raising of the
ring the suspender can be opened and the dress liberated.
Instead of making the gripping surfaces of the suspender convex they may be
made straight, that is the inner faces of the lower arms may be so inclined to the
outer faces that when the suspender is partially closed and grips the enclosed dress
the gripping surfaces are parallel or nearly parallel.
I do not confine myself to any particular shape of the gripping surfaces as their
shape may be considerably varied while retaining the gripping action at or near the
middles of the lower bars.
AN IMPROVED SELF ACTING FIRE ALARM
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Pooley Gill at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 20th May 1879.
ROBERT POOLEY GILL, of 64, Duke Street, Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster.
"AN IMPROVED SELF ACTING FIRE ALARM."
The Invention consists of a tube of thin copper about two inches in length
(Figure A) open at each end, but having one end slightly wider than the other, and
a copper wire with a flat stop on one end (Figure B), the stop to be sufficiently
small to pass freely through the narrow end of the tube. The tube is stuffed with
tallow, wax, or fatty composite similar to that used in making candles, poured in
when warm and allowed to harden. The wire is introduced at the wide end of the
tube and passed through the stuffing until the flat stop rests against it. The tube
attached to a bracket (Figure C) can be firmly fastened to the ceiling or wall of a
room, and the wire which passes through the stuffing attached to the spring of an
alarm bell. When a fire occurs the tube being of copper conveys the heat.rapidly
to the stuffing which quickly melts, and the stop attached to the wire being acted
upon by the spring slips through and thus the alarm bell is set in motion.
Another form of the same Invention is as follows (Figure D):-
A. double loop and a single loop of thin copper joined together in the form of a
hinge by a bolt of tallow passed through them (E to F). The double loop attached
to a bracket can be fastened to the ceiling or wall of a room, and the single loop (G)
attached by means of a wire to the spring of an aların bell. When a fire occurs the
bolt of the hinge melts and the single loop (G) acted upon by the spring to which
it is connected becomes detached, and the alarm bell is thus set in motion.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF VALVES AND TAPS
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Henry Crispin at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 4th October 1879.
WILLIAM HENRY CRISPIN, of Stratford, in the County of Essex. "IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF VALVES AND TAPS."
My Invention relates to an improved and simple construction of taps and valves
specially adapted to prevent the waste of fluids, and it consists, say, as applied to
an ordinary house supply water tap, in forming a chamber or receptacle in brass,
gun metal, iron, or other suitable metal, in which I place a round ball of india-
rubber, glass, or metal; or I may substitute instead of the said ball a flat or conical
valve, and I leave ample room for the said ball or the flat or conical valve to move
from side to side. A screw or lever rod is so placed in a neck piece or gland of
the said chamber that it will by a slight turn or two force the ball or valve back
into the chamber, and allow water or other fluids to pass freely. By releasing the
lever or screw, the ball or valve by the force of the water behind will immediately
close the outlet.
For inlet taps from high or low pressure mains I place a lever and ball in the
well known usual way; this acts on the before mentioned ball or valve by pressure,
as in the before named tap, allowing all fluids with sand or gravel to pass freely,
the water or other fluid behind keeping the valve way or outlet hermetically
closed.
My said Invention is applicable, with modifications to be detailed in my final
Specification, with advantage to cistern_supply or "ball cocks." and the valves
and taps constructed according to my Invention are also adaptable for steam
supply.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ZINC AND OTHER METAL ROOFING
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Arthur Charles Henderson at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 14th July 1879. A communication
from abroad by Augustir. François Quincet, Manufacturer of Roofing, Charles
Vincent, Scholar, and Alexandre Levinstein, Manufacturer of Chemicals, all
of the City of Paris, in the Republic of France.
ARTHUR CHARLES HENDERSON, of 6, Southampton Buildings, Holborn, in the
County of Middlesex. "IMPROVEMENTS IN ZINC AND OTHER METAL ROOFING."
[A communication from abroad by Augustine François Quincet, Manufacturer of
Roofing, Charles Vincent, Scholar, and Alexandre Levinstein, Manufacturer of
Chemicals, all of the City of Paris, in the Republic of France.]
The object of this Invention is to obviate the use of nails or solder usually
employed in fixing metal roofing, which checks the expansion and contraction of
the metal.
The method employed facilitates placing or removing the metal for the purpose
of examining the state of the timbers when required, and at the same time gives
the metal absolute freedom of expansion or contraction.
On the ordinary rafters flat copper hooks are screwed by copper screws or nails
(tinned or not), and which receive the ends of the sheets of zinc or other metal;
these sheets pass under the upper series of hooks and rest in those below.
The necessary play for the insertion or removal of the sheets being also
sufficient for the expansion or contraction of the metal.
The sides of the sheets are bent, and pass up the sides of the raised ribs or ridges
of the roof, and the edges of the metal sheets here presented are capped or covered
with metal, secured in a similar manner to that described for the sheets, that is, by
hooks; and the form of this part of the roofing is such, as to resist snow, dust, or
the effects of the strongest winds.
These sheets are of the width commercially understood, and of the length desired.
All the lower sheets of the roofing are fastened by hooks screwed or nailed to the
ribs, and they are all bent to protect the wood work, and lock or hook together.
The edge sheets are rolled and fastened by their coil. The capping or covering
the sides of the bent up sheets is of such a section as to resist capillary attraction,
and all the caps have what may be termed heels which are closed by solder, and
enclose the ends or junction of the metal sheets.
A PENCIL HOLDER OR KEEPER TO BE AFFIXED TO SCHOOL SLATES OR ANY OTHER ARTICLE
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Walkington at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 13th May 1879.
RICHARD WALKINGTON, of Leeds, in the County of York, School Slate Manu-
facturer. "A PENCIL HOLDER OR KEEPER TO BE AFFIXED TO SCHOOL SLATES
OR ANY OTHER ARTICLE."
This Invention relates to an improved pencil holder or keeper to be applied to
and fixed to school slates and other similar articles.
The holder or keeper is made in the form of part of a loop and spring, and is
attached to the slate or other article by means of nails or otherwise to the frame of
the slate, or in any other suitable position when this Invention is applied to other
articles.
This holder or keeper is composed of thin steel or any, other suitable material, and
is made in the form of part of a loop, as before mentioned.
It is obvious that this keeper or holder can be applied to round or curved slates
as well as the ordinary school slates.
The great advantage of this Invention consists in forming a receptacle so that the
pencil will always be with the slate, which is a great desideratum, especially with
schools.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN OR CONNECTED WITH BICYCLES
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Herbert Edward Cox at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 13th December 1879.
HERBERT EDWARD Cox, of Eastbourne, in the County of Sussex. "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN OR CONNECTED WITH BICYCLES."
This Invention relates to the application to bicycles and the use of improved
means of improving and assuring the safety of the riders by preventing the
machine from overturning and dismounting the rider upon meeting with any
obstruction in the road, or upon the motion of the machine being suddenly arrested,
or otherwise, and also to allow of the rider staying his course should he at any time
require to do so for rest or for the pleasure of surveying surrounding objects without
necessitating his dismounting, or by the exigencies of the traffic by which he may
be encompassed.
I effect the purpose of my Invention by suspending a suitable distance in
advance of the usual front or driving wheel and slightly above or clear of the
ground a pair of small wheels, runners, or rollers, one being situated on each side of
a plane passing through the driving wheel. These wheels are capable of revolving
on their spindle so as not to arrest the motion of the bicycle too suddenly; the
spindle, which may be jointed for folding, being carried by forward extensions of
the framing or by suitable additional supporting rods or stay bars suitably connected
with the usual framing.
The effect of this addition to bicycles is that upon the machine being suddenly
arrested in its motion it is prevented from overturning and dismounting the rider,
to the imminent risk of his being injured, by means of the said additional wheels or
runners, which immediately the bicycle begins to overturn meet the road in
advance of the driving wheel, and thus prevent the trailing wheel from turning over
the latter, and form with the driving wheel a tripod, for the time being enabling the
rider to dismount with ease and without danger.
Should the rider desire at any time to rest without dismounting, he need only
lean forward so as to bring the additional wheels, on to the ground, or let the
machine lean sideways on one of the additional wheels so as to form with the
driving wheel or the driving and trailing wheels a tripod, securing the safety of
the machine and of the rider.
MENTS IN BICYCLES, TRICYCLES, AND OTHER VELOCIPEDES
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel Lane Broom at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 1st January 1879.
SAMUEL LANE BROOM, of Llanelly, in the County of Caermarthen.
MENTS IN BICYCLES, TRICYCLES, AND OTHER VELOCIPEDES."
"IMPROVE-
This Invention relates to improvements in that class of bicycle and other
velocipedes in which the small wheel is employed as the front or steering wheel,
and the large wheel as the bind and driving wheel.
In carrying out my Invention as applied to a bicycle I employ on each side of
the bicycle a lever moving on a fulcrum on the fork, the shorter arms of the said
levers being jointed to one end of connecting rods, the other ends of the connecting
rods being jointed to the usual cranks on the axle of the bicycle, such cranks being
somewhat smaller than usual. The free end of the lever is provided with a foot
rest or treadle for operating the said lever. The bicycle is steered in the usual
manner by the front wheel.
By this construction will be seen that the bicycle may be driven with a much
less expense of motive power, and at greater speed than hitherto, and is at the
same time simple in construction.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR PLAITING, FOLDING, OR KILTING WOVEN OR OTHER FABRICS
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Arthur Jackson at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 30th January 1879.
JAMES ARTHUR JACKSON, of Garstang, in the County of Lancaster, Pattern
Maker. "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR PLAITING, FOLDING,
OR KILTING WOVEN OR OTHER FABRICS."
This Invention relates to improvements in machinery or apparatus for plaiting,
folding, or kilting woven or other fabrics.
To the two sides of a table or platform I affix a pair of metal plates, the upper
edges of the plates standing somewhat above the top of the platform. The two
plates are each provided with a corresponding series of openings or recesses equi-.
distant and at suitable intervals from each other. The width of the plaits or
folds to be produced is determined by the order and distance from each other,
in which, slender rods of metal or needles having the fabric to be operated upon
folded under and over them as the case may be are placed within the openings
or recesses in the side plates. The openings are made with notches at the bottom
so as to prevent the needles from being lifted out during the operation of plaiting,
folding, or kilting, as hereinafter described. At one end of the table or platform
is a pair of rollers standing one above the other, the fabric being wound upon
the upper roller which is mounted in slot bearings.
F
The operation of plaiting, folding, or kilting with my improved apparatus is as
follows:-
The fabric is drawn from the rollers to the end of the table or platform, being
laid thereupon between the two side plates; needle No. 1 is then placed over the
fabric crosswise of the table and dropped into the first pair of openings, the office
of the first needle being merely to hold the fabric in position. Needle No. 2 is
then dropped into the 3rd, 4th, or other pair of openings according to the width of
fold or plait desired. For the sake of illustration we will suppose needle No. 2 to
be in the fourth pair of openings. Needle No. 3 is then passed underneath the
fabric, the latter being lifted and carried over needle No. 2 until needle No. 3 can be
placed within the second pair of openings. Needle No. is then placed over the
fabric and dropped into openings No. 5 in the same way as needle No. 2 was
dropped into openings No. 4.

page_text: Needle No. 5 is then passed under the fabric as in the case of needle No. 3, and
placed in openings No. 3, the operation being repeated until the table be filled with
folded material, or the end of the fabric to be folded has been reached. A hot iron
is then passed over and-pressed upon the folded fabric, thereby creasing it so that
-the-impression of the folds may be retained. The needles may then be withdrawn
endwise and the folded fabric removed:
IMPROVEMENTS IN HORSE-SHOES
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Sellman Tomlin at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 30th October 1879.
CHARLES SELLMAN TOMLIN, of Westbourne Park, in the County of Middlesex,
Farrier. "IMPROVEMENTS IN HORSE-SHOES."
The object of this Invention is to prevent horses and other animals from slipping
in wet or frosty weather.
For this purpose I make a sharp spike of steel, iron, or other suitable metal from
half an inch to two inches in depth or thereabouts, and advantageously having four
sides.
A threaded screw forms the upper part of this spike.
A hole is punched through each side of the heel of the shoe or through any other
part, through which the screw is passed from the under to the upper side, and there
securely fixed by a nut or bolt, or by any other suitable means,
IMPROVE- MENTS IN MANIFOLD COPYING APPARATUS
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Herbert John Haddan at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 1st October 1879. A communi-
cation from abroad by August Lischke, of Leipzig, in the Kingdom of
Saxony.
HERBERT JOHN HADDAN, of the Firm of Herbert and Company, Solicitors of
Patents, of 67, Strand, in the City of Westminster, Civil Engineer. "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN MANIFOLD COPYING APPARATUS." A communication from abroad by
August Lischke, of Leipzig, in the Kingdom of Saxony.
The improvements relate to apparatus for obtaining copies from writings or
drawings, and consist in mounting the copying substance upon a roller turned by a
crank or otherwise, and pressed upon by an adjustable press roller, the copying
roller being preferably constructed with a wooden core, having a mantle of
Lischke's printing mass applied in a molten state. The Invention consists also in
providing the sides of said copying roller with projecting discs (preferably of sheet
metal), and divided to any desired scale. The axle of the copying roller has its
bearings in a trough or frame, which also supports the brackets for the upper or
press roller, said bracket being hinged on one side so as to allow of the copying
roller being easily lifted out and exchanged. The trough containing further
several compartments or drawers for receiving printing mass, pens, and other
accessories. When a copying roller is worn out it is removed and placed vertically
and concentrically in a cylindrical vessel containing water heated by means of a
spirit flame, so that the copying mass is gradually melting away.
IMPROVED PROCESS FOR THE CHEMICAL SEPARATION OF WOOLLEN FROM COTTON FIBRES OBTAINED FROM OLD OR WASTE FABRICS OR RAGS
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Paulin Poulin at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 18th April 1879.
"NEW
PAULIN POULIN, of Chaulnes, in the Department of Somme (France).
OR IMPROVED PROCESS FOR THE CHEMICAL SEPARATION OF WOOLLEN FROM COTTON
FIBRES OBTAINED FROM OLD OR WASTE FABRICS OR RAGS."
This Invention has for object new or improved process for the separation of
woollen from cotton fibres by chemical means, that is, by chemical solvents to
deplete or destroy the cotton fibres, so as to obtain the pure animal fibres for
re-use.
In carrying the Invention into practice there will be required a steam boiler,
coppers, vats, or pans, in which the fibres will be treated; a press or presses, drying
apparatus, and mechanical stirrers or agitators, adapted to the treating of coppers,
vats, or pans for stirring the fibres under treatment.
The old or waste fabrics or rags, or the same reduced to shreds in a "shake
willey" or other preparer, are placed in the treating copper along with the dissolvent
liquid, which is compounded as follows:-
Bichloride of calcium at 20°, 4 parts by measure, and water 8 parts by measure,
are added together, which will give a liquid of about 12 degrees of density of salt
solution, which will be the dissolvent liquid.
The bichloride of calcium at 20° is prepared by the admixture of hydrochloric
acid at 22°, with water in the proportion of 1 part by measure of the acid to 2
parts by measure of water; and to this mixture is added carbonate of lime in
sufficient quantity to give to the bichloride of calcium thus produced about 20° of
density.
Again, instead of the bichloride of calcium solution a dissolvent liquor of bichloride
of sodium may be employed, and is prepared as follows:-
1 part by weight of chloride of sodium is added to 1 part by weight of bydro-
chloric acid, and these two components are put in mixture with 9 parts by weight
of water, the resultant dissolvent liquor having about 15° of density of salt
solution.
Into the dissolvent liquor prepared according to either of the above formulæ are
thrown the rags or fibres to be treated, and by means of a steam jet or jets the
liquor is brought to boiling point, and the whole boiled for about thirty or forty
minutes, and meanwhile stirred more or less actively, and the whole is then allowed
Drine 271

page_text: to cool; the fibres are then drained from the dissolvent, pressed, then thoroughly
washed, and afterwards dried, when they will be ready for the carding machines.
In order to render the wool fibres so obtained softer they may be treated in the
washing stage, that is, before drying, with a soap solution (not caustic), or a
solution of crystallized carbonate of soda. After drying the fibres may be moistened
with glycerine or ordinary lubricant before carding.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SKATES
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Benjamin William Jones at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 14th June 1879. A. communication
from abroad by George McCord, of the City and State of New York, United
States of America.
BENJAMIN WILLIAM JONES, of New Ross, Ireland.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN SKATES."
A communication from abroad by George McCord, of the City and State of Now
York, United States of America.
The object of this Invention is to so improve the common ice and parlorr
skate that the speed in skating may be considerably increased, and the exercise
rendered less fatigueing to the muscles of the foot, and the Invention consists
of an auxiliary sole plate which is screwed to the heel plate, and cushioned by
springs to the supporting sole plate, being furthermore connected thereto at the
front end by a guide and stop device.
In carrying out this Invention the skate is provided at a suitable distance above
the sole plate with an auxiliary sole plate of spring steel or other metal, which
is permanently screwed to the heel plate, and supported by means of steel or
other cushioning springs on the sole plate; the front clamps or other fastening
devices are applied to the auxiliary sole plate instead of the sustaining sole plate,
as heretofore. The front end of the auxiliary sole plate is connected by a fixed
guide and stop device with the sole plate, the guide device being made either in
the shape of a pillar with enlarged or hook shaped lower end, which is guided
in a slot of the supporting sole plate or of U shape, the eyes of the U passing
through holes of the sole plate, while the lower connecting or bridge piece forms
the stop by contact with the sole plate; the use of the auxiliary spring cushioned
sole plate facilitates skating, as it assists the forward propulsion by giving or
yielding at the front part to the weight thrown thereon by the body in the forward
motion. The auxiliary sole plate increases the speed and hightens the enjoyment
of the sport, while the cushioning springs lessen the fatigue to which the muscles of
the foot are exposed by the common skate with rigid sole plate, and render thereby
the art of skating more pleasant and enjoyable.
AN IMPROVED PROCESS OF ELECTRO PLATING BY AN AMALGAMATION OR COMBINATION OF SILVER AND ALLOYS OF TIN AND OTHER METALS
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Henry Blake at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 11th February 1879.
THOMAS HENRY BLAKE, of Sheffield, in the County of York, Secretary to Edwin
Round & Son (Limited), Electro Platers and Manufacturers, 36, Holly Street,
Sheffield. "AN IMPROVED PROCESS OF ELECTRO PLATING BY AN AMALGAMATION OR
COMBINATION OF SILVER AND ALLOYS OF TIN AND OTHER METALS."
My Invention consists in the preparation of a solution for the purpose of coating
brass, German silver, nickel, copper, and (if slightly covered with a filin of copper)
iron & steel.
From an alkaline solution I deposit a white reguline metal, easily polished, and
greatly resembling native silver.
The procedure is :-I dissolve eighty ounces of commercial cyanide of pottassium
in twenty gallons of water in a suitable vessel; then pour in one hundred ounces
by measure of strong liquid ammonia of the specific gravity of 880, stirring well to-
gether; next add ten ounces of nitrate of silver; any soluble tin salts may be added
at discretion; then add three pounds of carbonate of pottasia; let the whole
compound stand until all sediment has subsided, then carefully decant, and the
solution is ready for use with the addition of a large anode of tin and a smaller
anode of silver. The articles to be plated by my process are well cleansed in
caustic ley, all oxide being carefully removed; they are then immersed in the
prepared solution and connected with the negative pole of a strong electric battery,
the two anodes of metal being connected with the positive pole of the battery, and
allowed to remain until the required thickness of deposit is obtained; they are
then removed, washed and dried, and may be polished or burnished to a high
degree, closely resembling unalloyed silver, and can be produced at a far less cost
than at present obtains.
IMPROVED MACHINE OR APPARATUS FOR FORGING AND SHAPING METALS
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Hargreaves at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 5th May 1879.
JAMES HARGREAVES, of Widnes, in the County of Lancaster, Chemist.
IMPROVED MACHINE OR APPARATUS FOR FORGING AND SHAPING METALS."
" AN
My said improved machine or apparatus for forging and shaping metals consists
in a hammer having to and fro motion imparted to it by means of "toggles" com-
bined with an anvil capable of being adjusted to any suitable distance from the
face of the said hammer.
The said toggles are moved or driven by means of cranks, eccentrics, or other
suitable means. After being depressed by the toggles the hammer is retracted by
means of a spring, a weight, or an elastic fluid. The distance of the anvil from the
face of the hammer is preferably regulated by means of a wedge or inclined plane,
or a screw may in some cases be used. The adjustment of the said anvil may be
made either automatically or by the workman by forcing forward the said wedge
or inclined plane, or by turning the screw, if a screw is used, during the period
when the pressure of the hammer is taken off the object being forged or shaped.
The framing between the anvil bed and the upper point of abutment of the
toggles may consist of strong columns, or where a clear space is desired it may be
made of a single block of metal.
To avoid rupture of the main framing I place a "breaker" at the point where
the upper toggle abuts against the framing, or the toggles may be made of such
strength as to yield when the strain becomes excessive, and of such form and
materials as to be replaced at small cost.
For some purposes the hammer may be made to work in a horizontal direction,
and the face of the hammer placed in a vertical position.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR ALLOWING THE ESCAPE OF WATER OR AIR FROM PIPES OR VESSELS CONTAINING STEAM
Year: 1879

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Sydney.Pitt, of Sutton, in the County of Surrey, for the
Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR ALLOWING THE ESCAPE OF
WATER OR AIR FROM PIPES OR VESSELS CONTAINING STEAM." A communi-
cation from abroad by Charles de Nottbeck, of St. Petersburg, in the Empire of
Russia, Civil Engineer.
Sealed the 5th September 1879, and dated the 19th March 1879.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Sydney Pitt at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 19th March 1879.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN
SYDNEY PITT, of Sutton, in the County of Surrey.
APPARATUS FOR ALLOWING THE ESCAPE OF WATER OR AIR FROM PIPES OR VESSELS
CONTAINING STEAM." [A communication from abroad by Charles de Nottbeck, of
St. Petersburg, in the Empire of Russia, Civil Engineer.]
This Invention has for its object improvements in apparatus for allowing the
escape of water or air from pipes or vessels containing steam.
For this purpose in connection with a chamber so placed that the water resulting
from the condensation of the steam will drain into it, a pipe arranged projecting
closed at the end within the
a short distance into the chamber. The pipe
chamber, but has lateral holes formed in it; these holes are covered by a ring in
which there are corresponding perforations, and the ring can be placed so that the
holes coincide, and then water or air contained in the chamber can flow out, or by
turning the ring it may be made to cover and close the holes in the pipe which it
surrounds.
There is also within the chamber a coiled spring formed of two metals which
expand differently with heat. One extremity of the compound spring is supported
by the pipe end and fixed, the other is attached to an arm projecting from the ring,

page_text: but adjustable upon it. The adjustment is so made that when the contents of the
chamber (be it water or air) is comparatively cool the holes are open and the outlet
free, but when the chamber is heated, as is the case when it is full of steam, the
curvature of the spring is altered, and the ring is thereby moved round and made
to cover the holes; the chamber is then closed steam tight.
IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM GENERATORS
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Thomas Bryde Brodbelt at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 5th November 1879.
THOMAS BRYDE BRODBELT, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, Engineer.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM GENERATORS."
The object of my Invention is to provide a compact, strong, durable, economical,
steaming, and easily constructed steam generator, suitable for marine, stationary,
and other uses.
For this purpose I construct the shell of the boiler of a novel form, namely, of
the form of the letter U placed one limb above the other, and within the said
generator I construct or fit flues, tubes, or other heating surfaces whereon the flames
and products of combustion are caused to play.
One modification has a flue with a fire grate therein in the lower limb and cross
or other tubes in the upper limb, there being water surrounding the flue bend
between the two limbs. The uptake and chimney are formed and connected to
the upper limb in any ordinary way, the generator being provided with steam
chest, valves, cocks, and the usual connections.
Another modification has the shell made larger and is formed with two or more
flues and fire places in the lower limb, preferably leading to one flue with tubes in
the upper limb, in which case considerably greater width of grate is obtained than
in ordinary cylindrical steam generators in proportion to the width.
A third modification has the fire acting in the first instance on the exterior of
the lower limb of the shell, and afterwards on the interior of both limbs through
flues or tubes fitted therein.
The water spaces of the limbs of the U are connected by water passages; this, as
will be obvious, is desirable both for promoting circulation and strengthening the
structure as a whole.
Another part of my Invention consists in increasing or decreasing the heating
surface of steam generators in proportion to the steam required so as mainly to
effect economy in fuel. I provide apparatus for closing off at will any required
number of the heating surfaces of the tubes. This may be effected by hand through
stops with handles projecting through the smoke box door or by an attachment to
an expansible metal, such as quick silver, usually placed in the smoke box to
operate automatically stops, flaps, slides, or other closing agents.