IMPROVEMENTS IN ELECTRIC TELEGRAPHS
Year: 1867

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Pierre Antoine Joseph Dujardin, of 29, Boulevart
St. Martin, Paris, in the Empire of France, Physician, for the Invention
of "IMPROVEMENTS IN ELECTRIC TELEGRAPHS."
Sealed the 19th November 1867, and dated the 27th May 1867.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Pierre Antoine Joseph
Dujardin at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 27th May 1867.
I, PIERRE ANTOINE JOSEPH DUJARDIN, of 29, Boulevart St. Martin, Paris,
in the Empire of France, Physician, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN ELECTRIC TELEGRAPHS," to be as follows:-
The improvements are illustrated in the annexed Drawing.
Figure 1 represents a new kind of double type wheel. A, B, C, D, is the
double type wheel, consisting of a letter wheel and figure wheel intersecting
each other at an angle of about twenty-five degrees; E, F, last axis of clock-
work, which carries the type wheel and adjustments; G, cross piece, fixed at
right angles on E, F, on the ends of which is pivotted the double type wheel;
H, I, another cross piece fixed on E, F, and forming an abutment piece for
the type wheel; J, K, bar, pivoted on E, F, and connected by the link L.
with the type wheel, by means of which the type wheel is caused to rock on

page_text: the cross piece G; M, N, horse-shoe spring, fixed on E, F, imparting a slight
friction to J, K, and holding it in its position; O, P, thin steel plate put in
motion by the printing clockwork, making one revolution for every stroke of
the hammer, and used to shift the position of the type wheel, It will be seen
that if by means of a sender, keyboard, or other contrivance I can bring J, K,
in a direct line with O, P; O, P, in revolving in the direction of the arrow will
move the letter wheel A, B, to the position indicated by the dotted line, and
consequently figures will now be printed instead of letters.
Another improvement is as follows:-Two electro-magnets are placed in
the line circuit, the one having a polarized armature, the other a soft iron one.
If positive and negative currents are received from the line the soft iron
armature will remain always attracted, whereas the polarized one will vibrate
as long as the alternative currents are transmitted, and so regulate the motion
of the type wheel. If the line current be broken the polarized armature will
remain attracted on one side, and the soft iron one will return to its original
position by the action of a spiral- spring, and so will connect the local battery
with the printing magnet.
.. A further improvement consists in a new governor or regulator, Figure 2,
for the clockwork of my keyboard sender, by means of which I am enabled to
work with greater facility and exactitude; A, B,-last arbor of clockwork
carrying the bar C, D, E, F, two arms pivotted on C, D, at G, H, I, J, two
weights or balls, which may be adjusted to any height by means of screws;
K, L, two bars fixed on EF; carrying two strips of leather or india-rubber
M, N; these strips give a rubbing contact on the ring of metal U, V, and
consequently impede the too rapid motion of the regulator when set in motion
by the clockwork; O, P; two spiral springs to diminish the friction of M, N,
if required; Q, R, metal pillars, to which the plate S, T; is fixed in order to
support the axis A, B; by this contrivance when the clockwork is at rest the
rubber's are prevented from touching the plate U, V, by the spiral springs O, P,
As-soon. as the clock wörk is liberated the regulator commences to turn with a
rapid motion, but the centrifugal force imparted to the weights I, J; imme
diately 'overcomes the 'action of the spiral springs O, P, and the rubbers slide
on the circular plate U, V, with a greater or less friction in comparison to the
strength of the spiral springs, and so regulate the motion of the train at the
proper speed.·

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Pierre Antoine Joseph Dujardin in the Great Seal Patent
Office, on the 26th November 1867.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, PIERRE
ANTOINE JOSEPH DUJARDIN, of 29, Boulevart St. Martin, Paris, in the Empire
of France, Physician, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-seventh day of May; in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and sixty-seven, in the thirtieth year of Her reign, did,
for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,, the said Pierre
Antoine Joseph Dujardin, Her special licence that I, the said Pierre Antoine
Joseph Dujardin, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as
I; the said Pierre Antoine Joseph Dujardin, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and
all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully
might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great
Britain, and Ireland, the Channel Islands; and Isle of Man, an Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN ELECTRIC TELEGRAPHS," upon the condition (amongst others)
that I, the said Pierre Antoine Joseph Dujardin, my executors or adminis
trators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands
and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the
same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months
next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said. Pierre Antoine Joseph Dujardin, do
hereby declare, the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement, reference being had to the Sheet of Drawings hereunto
annexed, and to, the letters and figures marked thereon (that is to say):
My Invention refers to certain improvements in printing electric telegraphs;
these improvements consist, 1st, in a special arrangement of cross type wheels
which being made to oscillate on one common axis will allow of printing at will
either letters or figures; 2ndly, in an inking piston pad especially applicable
to this system of cross wheels; 3rdly, in a sort of electro-magnet as distributor
of the printing currents; 4thly, in a system of governor for regulating the
gear by which the transmittor is driven.
These various improvements are represented in the annexed Drawing,
wherein Figure 1 is a plan view of part of the receiving apparatus provided

page_text: with my system of type cross wheels; these being fixed crosswise one on the.
other rock on their common axis and are placed now the one now the other
opposite to the paper strip which always keeps the same direction.
A and B are two type wheels cut out in a ring shape, A is the letter wheel,
and B the figure or other complemental mark wheel; -A has at C, D, two
apertures formed through both ends of one of its diameters; B has likewise
at E, F, two similar apertures through the-two ends of one of its diameters."
The wheel B is made to enter the wheel A so that the apertures. C, E, and
D, F, may coincide. A and B are made to cross over one another, and are
secured to each other by rivets. I, J, K, L, represent a metallic disc fitting
exactly within the wheel B; this disc being placed within the wheel B two
screw cut holes are pierced in its periphery through the apertures E, F, into
which apertures are engaged headless screws G, H, where the cross wheels
are pivoted. The disc is then so cut out as to only preserve a centre and two
spokes, both centre and spokes constituting the rocking axis of the cross
wheels. The cross wheels thus prepared are secured on the last mover axis
of the clockwork, whereby the type wheels are rotated; a piece of steel O, P,
serving as a stop to the cross wheels is screwed upon M, N, and a double
lever Q, R, is securely fitted in a slide formed in M and N. A connecting
rod S is jointed to the double lever and the figure wheel, a horseshoe-like
spring T is pressing on the two ends of the double lever so as to give the cross
wheels proper steadiness.
I will actually describe the mechanism whereby the cross wheels are made
to oscillate.
.
A, B, represent the last axis in the clockwork which serves for printing;
it makes a. complete revolution at every time a type is printed; it carries an
eccentric C which through the connecting rod D¹ and the bell lever E, F,
causes a to-and-fro motion being made by the rod G¹, H', which is elbowed
at H', and terminated by a spring 1. A pin J' fixed into G, H, and sliding
in a groove formed in the knee K¹ serves to maintain G, H, in an invariable
direction. When by means of the transmitter of the apparatus one of the
double lever ends Q, R, 'is set in contact with the spring I, the printing action
will cause the cross wheels to oscillate in one direction until they are stopped
by the piece O, P, and vice versa.
In Figure 5 I have represented another device which may be used for
procuring the oscillation of the cross wheels. a, b, is a flexible finger or pin
effecting through the action of the printing gear a complete revolution at each
time a letter or a figure is printed. Whenever through the transmittor one
end of the lever Q, R, is set in contact with a, b, the cross wheels will rock in

page_text: one direction, and when the other end or side is set in contact with a, b, the
cross wheels will rock in the opposite direction. This system of cross wheels
requires an inking pad which may work softly or by slight touch.
Now my improvements consist in having produced an inking piston pad,
shown at Figure 2, and which will be presently described.
This pad
consists in a brass tube U, Figure 1, to the top side of which is applied
a piece of velvet fixed thereto by means of an edge ring, and inside which
enters a piston-like acting screw V. A thick leather washer X fixed by
rivets to the mouth of the tube U serves as a female screw to admit the:
screw V. The pad is set on an axis on which it is free to rock; an adjusting
screw Y and its abutment allow of the pad being brought more or less close
to the type wheels, so that the nap only, and not the very fabric, can touch
the wheels; a spring Z throws said pad on the type wheels. In tube U I put
some cotton impregnated with an oleic ink, and by means of the piston V the
ink is made to pass through the velvet gradually and as wanted.
My improvements also consist in a special electro-magnet distributor of the
printing currents. I must observe in this place that the type wheels of my
receiving apparatus are turned through the action of alternate positive and
negative successive currents without any apparent intermission, and that the
printing is produced by the breaking off of the line current corresponding to
the letter or type to be printed. This special electro-magnet receives the line
currents in the like manner as the electro-magnet or magnets of the type wheels.
The rod of its pallet communicating with a local battery and abutting against
two regulating screws, the one against which it is abutting during the attrac-
tion presents no peculiarity, but the other against which it abuts when the
attraction subsides is isolated and communicating with the printing electro-
magnet. The special electro-magnet is so disposed that its pallet during the
whole time it is run through by the line currents may be attracted in a
continuous or equivalent way, which prevents the local current from being
conveyed to the printing electro-magnet; but when an interruption of the line
current is taking place the pallet rod attracted by a reacting spring, or by a
counterweight, abuts against the adjusting isolated screw above mentioned,
which allows of the local current being conveyed to the printing electro-magnet
so as to actuate the printing mechanism.
Having thus described this electro-magnet theoretically, I have in the
annexed Drawings shown two arrangements thereof, the one being represented
at Figure 6. A, B, is a vertical thin wire coil run through by the line'
currents. Inside the same is fixed a soft iron cylinder C, D, terminated at
its lower part by a soft iron washer E, F. Another cylinder G, H, of: similar

page_text: metal, hollow and thinuer than C, D,. is suspended above C, D; from the end
of the lever I, J, oscillating round the point K; this lever is provided with a
moveable counterweight L, for which may be substituted a reacting spring j
the end I of the lever is abutting against the adjusting screw M. The local
current or printing current enters the,,lever I, J, at K, and is conveyed
through the regulating screw to the printing electro-magnet. Now when it
is desired to set the type wheels in motion the iron cylinder G, H, is drawn
continuously by the cylinder C, D, and the local or printing current is cut off
at I, M. When the line current is cut off, G, H, being no longer attracted
by C, D, the lever I, J, falls back on M; on the local current passing into
the electro printer, printing is produced. As soon as the current is returned to
the line the local current is broken, and so on.
Figure 7 represents the other arrangement of my electro-magnet. A, B,
is a thin wire electro-magnet run through by the line currents. The pallet C
is very light and so is its rod, it oscillates round the point D, E is its reacting
spring; F is both an abutment screw and an adjusting or regulating screw.
The local current passes into the system through the support of screw F, and
goes out therefrom through the support of the pallet C. When the type wheels
are set in motion the pallet C is attracted continuously by the electro-magnet
A, B, and the local current is broken at F. When the line current is cut off
the pallet being no longer attracted rushes on the screw F and affords passage
to the local current, whereby printing is to be effected. When the current bas
returned to the line the pallet C cuts off the local current, and so forth. The
electro-magnet and its pallet may vary in their shapes and sizes indefinitely,
which is unimportant, the main point being that the wire of the distributing
electro-magnet and that of the electro-magnet by which are rotated the type
wheels can receive the line current in bifurcated ways.
Lastly, my improvements consist in a gear regulator or governor by which
the transmittor is operated; this regulator or governor is represented at
Figure 8. A, B, is the vertical axis gearing with the last mover axis of the
clockwork; C, D, cross bar secured to the top of A, B; E, F, vertical rods
jointed to the ends of C, D; G, H, are the axes of said jointings; I, J, metal
balls fixed on E, F; K, L, screw pincers secured on E, F, above the jointings
or articulations G, H; M, N, pieces of leather held by the pincers K, L;
O, P, springs which may be given more or less. tension by means of an
adjusting screw, they serve to bring the rods E, F, close to one another. In
the resting condition of the governor the leathers M, N, do not touch the
circle which they are intended to rub upon; Q, R, pillars supporting a circle;
S, T, serving as a support to circle U, V, arranged quite horizontally by

page_text: means of three wedging screws. When the axis A, B, is allowed to rotate
its rotary speed increases or is accelerated so far as the centrifugal force of
the ball I, J, has become superior to that of the springs O, P, when the
balls I, J, recede from each other and compel the leathers M, N, to rub on
the circle U, V, which prevents the rotary speed from accelerating any longer.
The more the springs O, P, are bent the more can be accelerated the rotary
speed before the leather pieces M, N, can rub on the circle or hoop U, V, and
vice versa. By varying the weight of the balls I, J, the march of the
governor may also be regulated at various speeds. The circle U, V, needs no
lubrication.
Having thus described the nature of my improvements in electric telegraphs
and the manner in which the Invention is to be carried into effect, I wish it
to be distinctly understood that I do not limit myself to certain forms and
details which may be varied and modified without any deviation from the
very principle thereof; but what I claim as being new and of my Invention
is,
First, constructing cross type wheels rocking on their common axis, or one
common axis, and the mechanical devices or equivalents as described for
producing such rocking motion.
Second, constructing and using the inking piston pad, substantially as and
for the purposes described.
Third, arranging the distributing electro-magnets, substantially as herein-
before so forth.
Fourth, the governor of the gearing whereby the transmittor is operated,
substantially as and for the purpose herein-before specified.
And I more especially claim the indication of the bifurcating line currents
without which the working of the distributing electro-magnets would prove
impossible.
In witness whereof, I, the said Pierre Antoine Joseph Dujardin, have
hereunto set my hand and seal, this Twenty-third day of November, in
the year of our Lord, One thousand eight hundred and sixty-seven.
P. A. J. DUJARDIN. (L.B.)