IMPROVEMENTS IN Manufacturing Chemist, for the Invention of STEAM BOILERS OR GENERATORS, AND IN THE ARRANGEMENT OF THE FURNACES PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION
Year: 1871

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to George Heywood, of Radcliffe, in the County of
Lancaster, Boiler Maker, and George Whewell, of the same Place,
"IMPROVEMENTS IN
Manufacturing Chemist, for the Invention of
STEAM BOILERS OR GENERATORS, AND IN THE ARRANGEMENT OF THE FURNACES
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said George Heywood and
George Whewell at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 7th November 1871.
We, GEORGE HEYWOOD, of Radcliffe, in the County of Lancaster,
Boiler Maker, and GEORGE WHEWELL, of the same Place, Manufacturing
Chemist, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM BOILERS OR GENERATORS, AND IN THE ARRANGEMENT
OF THE FURNACES AND FLUES THEREOF," to be as follows:-
Our Invention relates to steam boilers or generators, and has for its
object to obtain a more perfect combustion of the fuel than is effected

page_text: in the furnaces of ordinary steam boilers, and otherwise to increase the
efficiency of the said boilers.
When applying our Invention to a cylindrical boiler we form the
furnaces below the front end of the said boiler, and we form a passage
for the gases or products of combustion at the side of each furnace, each
passage leading into a separate side flue and being provided with a
damper, so that when either of the said passages is closed the gases or
products of combustion from both furnaces will be compelled to flow
through the other one of the said passages. The aforesaid side flues
convey the gases or products of combustion into a bottom flue formed
below the rearward portion of the boiler, from whence the said gases or
products pass upwards and enter a flue formed within the boiler. This
internal flue is preferably fitted with "Galloway tubes" or with other
water tubes. The gases or products of combustion flow through the
said internal flue, and passing out through openings formed in the side
of the boiler enter upper side flues, which convey the said gases or
products along the sides of the boiler and into the flue leading to the
chimney. We employ water chambers to form the outer side walls of
the furnaces or portions of the said walls; and we also prefer to employ
a water chamber to act as a division between the two furnaces, or between
the front portions of the said furnaces, the said chambers being connected
with the boiler by means of pipes or water tubes. If found to be
desirable, the feed water may flow into one of the said chambers or
into both or all of the said chambers before entering the boiler.

page_text: the operation of opening the other damper, the intention of the arrange-
ment being to admit the air directly into the furnace last charged
with fuel.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said George Heywood and George Whewell in the
Great Seal Patent Office on the 6th May 1872.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, GEORGE
HEYWOOD, of Radcliffe, in the County of Lancaster, Boiler Maker,
and GEORGE WHEWELL, of the same Place, Manufacturing Chemist,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Seventh day of November, in the year
of our Lord One thousand cight hundred and seventy-one, in the thirty-
fifth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto us, the said George Heywood and George
Whewell, Her special license that we, the said George Heywood
and George Whewell, our executors, administrators, and assigns, or
such others as we, the said George Heywood and George Whewell,
our executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make,
use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM BOILERS OR GENERATORS, AND IN THE ARRANGEMENT
OF THE FURNACES AND FLUES THEREOP," upon the condition, amongst
others, that we, the said George Heywood and George Whewell,
our executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under
our, or their, or one of their hands and scals, should particularly
describe and ascertain the nature of our said Invention, and in what
manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be
filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next
and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
"
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said George Heywood and George

page_text: in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement and
accompanying Drawings, that is to say :-
Our Invention relates to steam boilers or generators, and has for its
object to obtain a more perfect combustion of the fuel than is effected in
the furnaces of ordinary steam boilers, and otherwise to increase the
efficiency of the said boilers.
When applying our Invention to a cylindrical boiler we form the
furnaces below the front end of the said boiler, and we form a passage
for the gases or products of combustion at the side of each furnace, each
passage leading into a separate side flue and being provided with a
damper, so that when either of the said passages is closed the gases or
products of combustion from both furnaces will be compelled to flow
through the other one of the said passages. The aforesaid side flues
convey the gases or products of combustion into a bottom flue formed
below the rearward portion of the boiler, from whence the said gases or
products pass upwards and enter a flue formed within the boiler. This
internal flue is preferably fitted with " Galloway tubes or with other
water tubes. The gases or products of combustion flow through the
said internal flue, and passing out through an opening or through
openings formed in the side of the boiler, enter upper side flues which
convey the said gases or products along the sides of the boiler and into
the flue leading to the chimney.
"
We prefer to employ water chambers to form the outer side walls
of the furnaces or portions of the said walls, and to employ a water
chamber to act as a division between the two furnaces, or between the
front portions of the said furnaces, the said chambers being connected
with the boiler by means of pipes or water tubes. We prefer to provide
the lower portion of the rearward part of the boiler with water pockets,
the said pockets being outwardly exposed to the heated gases flowing
through the aforesaid bottom flue.
And in order that our Invention may be fully understood, we have
furnished a Sheet of Drawings to accompany this Specification, which
Drawings illustrate the method adopted by us in the construction' and
arrangement of a boiler or steam gencrator measuring about six feet
in diameter.

page_text: Referring in this place to the said Drawings, Fig. 1 represents a front
end elevation of the said boiler and of the seating thereof; Fig. 2 is a
vertical longitudinal section through the centre line of the said boiler
and seating; Fig. 3 is a vertical cross section on the line A, B, in Fig. 2;
Fig. 4 is a horizontal section on the line C, D, in Fig. 2, and is also a
plan of the furnace; and Fig. 5 is a horizontal section in the centre
line of the boiler.
In the said Figs. a, a, is the shell of the boiler; b, b, is the shell
of an internal flue; c, c, are 56
Galloway" or tapering water tubes fixed
within the said internal flue; and d, d, are water pockets fixed on a
portion of the under surface of the shell of the boiler. Three cylindrical
water chambers e, f, and g, are attached to and connected with the main
portion of the boiler by means of water tubes h, h. The chambers e and g
form the side walls or portions of the side walls of the fire-grates i and j,
and the chambers f-forms a partition between the said grates. Two side
flues and formed in the seating lead through openings which are
fitted with dampers m and n into the lower flue o. The said lower flue
extends to the back end of the boiler, where it communicates with the
internal flue b. An opening p, formed in the side of the boiler and
passing through the water space, serves to establish a communication
between the said internal flue and the upper side flues 7 and r, which
are formed at the sides of the boiler, and lead to the flue s, which com-
municates with the chimney. The dampers m and n are suspended and
connected together by means of a chain t, which passes over pulleys u, u,
the arrangement being such as that when either one of the said dampers
is opened the other damper will close. Chains and v' passing over
pulleys connect the chain & with the furnace doors w and to¹, so that
when the door to is opened the chain o will draw the chain in the
direction which will cause the damper n to open, and the damper m to
close, and on the contrary, when the door to' is opened, the chain v² will
draw the chain in the direction which will effect the closing of the
damper n and the opening of the damper m. The method of actuating
the said dampers may however be varied as found to be most convenient
and suitable in each case. The said furnace doors are hinged to a plate
x, which is bolted to the front of the boiler, or is attached to the front
of the seating in such a manner as that it may be readily removed when
it is desirable to obtain access to the furnace in order to effect repairs.
Each of the chambers is provided at one end with a mud opening, which
is closed by means of a door secured in the usual manner, the said door

page_text: being capable of being removed when it is desirable to cleanse the
interior of the said chamber. The feed may either be introduced into
one or more of the said chambers before entering the main portion of
the boiler, or be introduced directly into the said main portion, as may
be preferred. The ordinary mud or blow-off pipe is represented as being
attached to and in communication with the central chamber. The action
of the dampers is intended to be as follows:— -When the parts are in the
positions as represented, the flue / is closed by the damper m, so that
the gases and products of combustion from both fire-grates have to flow
through the side flue 1, the smoke and gases from the grate i having to
pass over the fuel on the grate j. The gases flowing through the said
flue enter the lower fluc and pass to the back end of the boiler and
rising enter the internal flue b. The said gases after traversing the said
internal flue flow through the side opening p into the side fluc 7, and
flowing through the said flue and through the fluer in the direction of
the arrows enter the fluc s which leads to the chimney. When the
door to is opened the damper m will be opened, and the damper n will
be closed by the action of the chain v¹ as already described. The smoke
and gases arising from the fuel on the grate j will now be compelled to
flow over the fuel on the grate i, the products of combustion from both
grates flowing through the flue / into the lower flue.
It will thus be seen that when the two grates or furnaces are fired
alternately, the gases and products of combustion from the grate last
fired are compelled to flow over the incandescent fuel on the other
grate and to mingle with the heated gases arising therefrom, the
combustion of the said gases and products being greatly promoted by
this arrangement.
To further promote the said combustion we may admit air into the
furnace last charged with fuel, in which case we prefer to so arrange and
actuate the dampers or shutters which regulate the admission of air to
the furnaces as that the opening of the door of either one of the furnaces
will cause the admission of air to such furnace, and will stop the flow of
air into the other furnace.
We do not propose to confine ourselves to the precise arrangement of
the side flues q and r as represented in the Drawings, as the said arrange-
ment may be varied, as, for example, the internal flue b might have two
side openings, through which the gases would flow in opposite directions

page_text: into the two side flues; or two internal flues might be fixed within the
boiler instead of one only as represented.
Having now fully described and illustrated the nature of our Inven-
tion, and a method of carrying the same into practical effect, we would
in conclusion have it to be distinctly understood that we claim as secured
to us by the herein-before mentioned Letters Patent,―
First. The apparatus for the generation of steam, constructed, fitted,
and arranged substantially as set forth, indicated, and illustrated herein-
before and by the accompanying Drawings.
And lastly. The arrangement of the furnaces and of the flues and 1,
substantially as and for the purpose herein-before set forth.
In witness whereof, we, the said George Heywood and George
Whewell, have hereunto set our hands and seals, this, Third day
of May, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred
and seventy-two.
.
Signed and sealed by the said George
Heywood and George Whewell, in
the presence of
EDWARD K. DUTTON,
GEORGE HEYWOOD. (L.S.)
GEORGE WHEWELL. (L.S.)
Agent for the Patentecs,
3, Smithy Door,
Manchester.