Improvements in Apparatus for Breaking or Crushing Stone, Ore, and other Hard Substances.
Year: 1894

page_text: Date of Application, 4th Sept., 1894-Accepted, 6th Oct., 1894
Improvements in Apparatus for Breaking or Crushing Stone, Ore,
and other Hard Substances.
A communication by GATES IRON WORKS, of No. 50, South Clinton Street,
Chicago, in the County of Cook and State of Illinois, United States of
America, Manufacturers of Machinery.
I, WILLIAM PHILLIPS THOMPSON F.C.S., M.I.M.E., of The Agency for
Foreign Patent Solicitors, 6 Lord Street, Liverpool, and 6, Bank Street,
Manchester both in the County of Lancaster and 323 High Holborn in the
County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described
and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
In the drawings
Fig. 1, is a vertical longitudinal section through this improved stone breaker or
ore crusher.
Figs. 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6, are sectional and elevation views, showing the improved
babbitted, shaft box, and the mandrel employed in casting the babbitt metal within
the box.
Fig. 7, is a plan view of the machine shown in Fig. 1, and Fig. 8, also a plan
view of a section taken in line 3, of Fig. 1;
Fig. 9, is a perspective view of the diaphragm chute removed from the machine
shown in Fig. 1. In this view the chute is shown without a removable discharging
end.
Figs. 10 and 11, are views of a modified form of the upper shell or concave.
Figs. 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18 and 19, are views illustrating the improved con-
struction and means for keying the crusher head and shaft together; the frame
and diaphragm chute being of ordinary construction, and not like the frame and
chute shown in Fig. 1; and this frame is not claimed herein.
In making the machine so as to adapt it for breaking stone or crushing ore,
rock, or other substances, a main shell of two parts A, and E, either of the type
shown in Figs. 1 or 10 or 12 is constructed. When the type of split shell A, E,
is adopted, the parts A, and E, are held together by segmental flanges a², and e',
the segmental flange e', being clamped upon flange a³, see Figs. 1 and 8. Inside
the shell A, the crusher concaves with a protection ring B¹, between them are
inserted, and said concaves B, are supported upon ring 6', and are held in position
by clamping the shell A, upon them, and also by the spider C, being clamped
down upon them by ring D, inserted between it and the portion a', of the shell A.
Inside the crusher concaves B, is placed the crusher head A2, which is securely
fastened upon the main shaft A', which has one of its journals in the eccentric
box H, and the other in the spider Co.
In some constructions of gyratory stone breakers or ore crushers, in which
several of the novel features of this invention are employed, the upper shell may
be constructed in the following novel manner. The upper shell A, may be in one
piece unsplit, and have a hard metal lining B, as shown in Fig. 12, or the upper
shell A, may be of one piece split, and the hard metal lining of the concave may
be constructed of ring sections B, as shown in Fig. 1, and where the horizontal

page_text: surfaces of the sections adjoin, a relatively softer metal protection ring strip B',
may be interposed; or the shell itself may be made to form the concave by making
it of two horizontal unsplit ring sections A', A, see Fig. 10, and interposing
between the said sections a narrow, horizontal metallic protection strip B', in form
of a ring made either in one piece or several segmental pieces adjoining one
another radially at their ends. This ring strip is placed horizontally between the
ring sections A, A, of the concave. A similar protection ring strip B², may be
applied at the bottom of the lower ring section of the concave, and also another
ring strip B³, at the top of said concave. When the shell or casing A5, A³, is
formed, as shown, of horizontal ring sections, and not lined with chilled wearing
surfaces, the ring sections themselves being of hard metal or chilled on the inside
so as to serve as a wearing surface, the protection ring shaped strips, whether in
one or several segmental pieces, will be arranged as shown in Fig. 10, between the
adjoining surfaces of the sections of the casing, and also at the top and bottom
of the sections, but should the shell of the casing be provided with a wearing
lining, such lining would be formed of horizontal ring sections, and the protection
ring strips placed between the adjoining surfaces of the lining as shown in
Fig. 1, and also at the bottom and top of the same if required in any appropriate
manner.
The horizontal protection ring strips are made of wrought or malleable iron
and possess wearing endurance to a proper degree; these strips constitute a
portion of the wearing surface, but, while this is so, they should be relatively
softer than the hard metal of which the ring sections or the concave lining is con-
structed, in order that they may be battered over against the edges of the harder
portion of the metal forming the wearing surface proper, as fast as this metal at
the junction edges and corners of the ring sections crumbles or breaks off under
the great strain and wearing action to which it is subjected during the crushing
operation, and thus save the concave at these points from rapid destruction. It is
important that these protection strips shall not be made of a metal which is
brittle, and will grind off instead of being battered over.
The preferable manner of applying the horizontal protection strips is shown in
Figs. 10 and 11, and is as follows: A ring B', is placed horizontally between the
ring sections A5, A6, and a protection ring B2, is applied at the bottom of the lower
ring section A, and a protection ring B³, placed on the top of the upper ring
section of the concave. In order to thus apply the rings, in the top and bottom
of the ring sections A, A, soft iron angular strips B, B', are cast, having dove-
tailed confining edges; said strips being placed in the mould, and the hard metal
flowed around the same. By this means a perfect joint can be formed at 65, when
the ring sections of the concave are placed together, as well as on the inside of
the portions f. In addition to providing the soft iron strips B, B³, the inner
portions of the sections A, A, from a, to a, are ground upon an emery wheel;
and sufficient clearance at 9, is allowed between the two ring sections A, A°, so
as to allow of the insertion of the wrought iron ring B', whether formed in one
piece or of segments. The clearances at the points 9, permit the ring
sections A, A, to be drawn tightly together by bolts C, and thus the
strips B, B, can be caused to bind against one another, and a perfectly tight
metal to metal joint secured. Concaves not provided with protection strips of
wrought or malleable ion, or as heretofore constructed, soon wear away at the
joints, and upper and lower corners, and thus present sharp exposed surfaces to
the battering action of the rock, and these corner surfaces being very hard
crumble off rapidly, and soon hollows or valleys are made at the junction of
the sections, thereby lessening the natural life of the concave. But by the use of
wrought or malleable iron strips between the sections, this rapid wear and destruc-
tion is avoided, from the fact that the protection strips are constantly being
battered over, and made to fill the crevices thus formed; and also to serve as
protectors of the edges or corners of the adjoining sections. The protection
strips, are preferably from a quarter to half an inch in thickness according to

page_text: requirements of the size of the concave. From the drawings Fig. 10, it will be
seen that the ring sections with the protection strips; and from Fig. 1, that the
zine backing also are all supported on the lower flange a³, of the main frame.
1/
on
The crusher head A', and the upper portion of the shaft A. Fig. 12, are con-
structed and keyed together in the following manner. The upper portion of the
shaft is turned on a given taper the entire length of the head A', or even some
distance beyond the head. This is illustrated by the dotted parallel vertical lines,
in Fig. 15; and in the head A², represented in Figs. 14, 16, 17, dovetailed or
other suitably shaped metal strips 67, are cast, the same being preferably, soft iron
and set in the mould in which the chilled iron head is cast, so that one part of their
thickness will be dovetailed, or otherwise suitably secured in the chilled iron
crusher head, while the other part of their thickness will project out into the 'eye
of the crusher head, and by this means spaced iron or suitable metal bearing
surfaces are formed for the shaft A, as illustrated in the drawings, most plainly
in Figs. 14, 16 and 17. These strips are of the full height of the head, or nearly
so, and are constructed, practically, on the same taper that the portion A³, of the
shaft is turned; and are set come distance apart in the eye of the head, which
distance is increased or decreased accordingly as the diameter of the head is
increased or decreased. The strips, thus constructed and arranged, remain firmly
in place, being held by their dovetails, or other suitable confining means; and
between each pair of strips a key seat recess ³, is formed. In the shaft A+, are
cut as many key seats d', as there are key seat recesses 68, between the strips, the
same being respectively about the same width as the recesses 68. These key seats
are cut to about the same depth that the iron or other metal strips b', project into
the bore of the chilled head, and when the keys d', are cast of soft metal they are
formed parallel with one or both face of the key seats of the shaft. The key seats
of the shaft are made to extend down`aɓ_
inch helow the lower ends of
the metal strips 67, of the head. The head and shaft, thus constructed are
united by slipping the head upon the tapered upper portion A3, of the shaft, so that
the key seats between the metal strips are in coincidence with the key seats d*, in
the shaft of the crusher head; then the bottom of the key seats of the shaft and the
key seats of the head are "clayed up" and the molten metal poured into the key
seat channels between the head and the shaft, until said channels are filled nearly
to the top of the head. When the keys d', are thus cast and the clay plugs
removed, the lower portion de, of the key seats of the shaft will contain no metal,
and room is thus left for the keys d', along with the head to descend as necessity
may require. In this instance the soft metal keys are held in position in the head
by means of the rough surfaces thereof, against which the metal is flowed in the
casting operation, and while this is so, these keys, where they project into the key
seats or channels of the shaft, are free to move in said channels, such movement
being provided for by the unfilled portions d, of the key seats in the shaft, as
shown in Figs. 1 and 19, of the drawing. It will be understood that the head
positively carries the keys along with it, whenever it becomes necessary for it to
settle down on the shaft, also that the iron to iron contact is maintained, the iron
or other suitable metal strips always bearing from the bottom to the top of the
heads upon the tapered portion of the shaft. In Fig. 18, is shown a key d', which
is constructed separately from the head of the shaft, and this key is shown seated
upon a shoulder ds, formed in the head. In all other respects the invention
illustrated in Fig. 18, is the same as that shown in Figs. 1, 12, 13, to 17, of the
drawings. The key d', Fig. 18, is inserted at the top of the head and is confined
with the head by means of nuts m³, me, applied on the differential screw threads no, no,
formed on the shaft A', just above the crusher head. The nuts m³, m, are screwed
on the shaft, so that the lower one comes against the upper end of the head and
key, and the upper one against the nut m, and acts as a jamb nut. These nuts
serve to overcome the effect of the jar of the shaft caused by the heavy work
performed, and thus any tendency that there might be of the head getting loose on
the shaft is avoided. They also serve for keeping the key shown in Fig. 18, in

page_text: position, and for clamping the head and keys in proper relation to each other after
the head has settled down on the shaft; and by screwing them down from time to
time, as the head settles on the tapered part of the shaft, the head and key will be
finally secured in a properly seated position, and no further movement of one upon
the other is likely to occur; and the nuts by having differential screw threads are
not likely to jar loose, because the nut having the coarser pitch of thread travels
the fastest, and locks itself against the other nut, and thus prevents further
turning. Under the construction of the key shown in Fig. 18, it will be seen that
the keys are parallel on all sides, and also parallel with the key seats in the head
and the shaft, and that in the operation of the crushing machine, either the head
slips down on the keys, or the keys go down with the head, the keys being free to
slip within the smooth key seats of the shaft, while they are kept in position by the
nuts. In Fig. 19, are shown a separate key d, and a key seat, differing from
the construction shown in Fig. 18, as follows: The key seat in Fig. 19, is made to
gradually increase in depth in the head from top to bottom, and the key do, is
gradually thickened downwardly by tapering that side thereof which comes in
contact with the base of the key seat in the head; or said side of the key is
tapered to form an incline which is less steep than the side which is parallel to and
comes in contact with the base of the key seat in the shaft. By this construction
the keys are held from rising in the seats of the head, but are allowed to descend
with the head independently of the nuts. It is obvious that by making the key
seats in the shaft to extend down below the crusher head and inserting clay or
other suitable plugs in the lower ends of the seats in the manner hereinbefore
described and as illustrated in the drawing, the keys d', may be formed of cast
metal, such metal being poured into the key seats shaped as shown in Fig. 19;
and that such cast keys will not rise in the key seats of the head, but will be
compelled to descend irrespective of any roughened surface of the key seats of the
head, and while this will be the case, the toughened surface of the metal of the
head might or might not be utilized as a retaining means for the keys. It is also
contemplated to employ a cast steel or other hard metal crusher head with metal
strips answering to those lettered 7, fo. -ed on it by coring so as to form rough
surfaced key seats in the casting process; or to mill out key seats for the wrought
metal keys.
By the described novel manner of constructing the shaft on a taper, and novel
manner of keying the head to it, a difficulty is overcome, as will be seen from the
following. In nearly all crushers of the type shown, and of other types, it has
been customary to form abrupt enlargements or shoulders on the gyratory shaft
just below the larger end of the crusher head, and owing to this the following
inconvenience has been experienced: When the head is in place on the shaft, and
the molten zinc is run into the channels between the head and the shaft to form the
keys which prevent the head from turning on the shaft, the head cannot follow
down on the shaft, but will become seated on the above mentioned shoulder,
because it is very difficult at the first, or in the finishing of the machine, to drive
the head in place on the shaft so firmly that there will be no further tendency to
settle down to an additional extent It is found in practice that the amount of
resistance which the head has to bear in doing the work of crushing, is greater than
the pressure that can be given to the head by driving it down on the shaft, and
therefore it is important to make provision for the head settling down on the shaft ;
for under old constructions, after the head is driven down on the shaft, and it
becomes necessary for it to settle under the heavy work being done by it, the
enlargement or shoulder of the shaft interferes with its so settling. Besides, under
ordinary constructions, the head in settling upon the shoulder, loses the iron to
iron contact between itself and the shaft, and, consequently, the pressure or wear
comes entirely on the shoulder, and therefore the benefit of the iron to iron contact
between the shaft and the iron or steel strips, or the collars and the zinc used
between the head and the tapering shaft, is not secured, and the head becomes
loose and is allowed movement on the shaft, which causes undue wearing, and

page_text: lessens the effectiveness of the machine. This construction is free from all these
difficulties, and an improved result is secured.
The lower shell E, of the machine Fig. 1, is provided at its upper end, with a
shoulder a, on which the ring 6', is intended to rest, and with a circumferential
inwardly inclined flange e¹. This shell is also split for a portion of its length from
the top down and it is provided with lugs e, on the respective sides of the split, to
permit of the shell being drawn together by horizontal bolts e. The flange a³, on
the lower end of the upper shell is fitted into place into the upper end of the lower
shell when the parts are drawn together by the bolts e³, so as to securely fasten
them in place. The flanges a³, and e¹, are made segmental with spaces e¹, iu them
as shown in Fig. 8. These spaces are intended to be equal to the length of the
segments, so that the segmental flanges a², may be inserted in the segmental
spaces e, and then the shell turned around until they fit into the flanges e¹, as
shown in Fig. 1, when the bolts are tightened and the parts fastened together as
above explained. Several openings C, C', are provided in the lower shell E, and
an inclined removable shiftable diaphragm F, is provided for carrying off the
crushed material. The diaphragm or chute F, see Fig. 9, is provided with an
annular flange es, on its upper end adapted to rest upon a shoulder e, forming a
portion of the crusher frame, and having a discharge nozzle e, leading out of one
of the openings in the crusher frame, which for the purpose of illustration is shown
leading out of the opening C.
The weight of the diaphragm will hold it as securely as it is necessary in any of
its different positions. The mechanism for operating the crushing mechanism
enters the lower shell at an opening in the rear of the frame and in line with the
front discharge opening. As a rule the broken material from the crusher is
discharged into an elevator or on to a conveying belt and it is often very desirable
that the material be discharged from the crusher at right angles with the driving
mechanism, which cannot be done in crushers of the ordinary construction where
the diaphragm is fixed as in such cases the discharge is always directly in front of
the driving mechanism. When such discharge is desirable in machines of fixed
diaphragms, the only practical way to accomplish this result is by turning the
machine bodily one quaiter around and using a quarter tuin belt or bevel gearing
from the main line shaft for operating the driving mechanism. By this invention
of the improved shiftable chute diaphragm, and the series of openings in the shell
of the crusher, these objections are obviated as said diaphragm is capable of being
turned so as to lead out of one of the openings which is at right angles to the
driving mechanism without disturbing the driving mechanism. Under the con-
struction shown should it be deemed necessary or advisable to change the location
of the discharge nozzle, all that would be necessary to do would be to push
inwardly and upwardly on the discharge chute or diaphragm and turn it around so
that its nozzle would come opposite the desired opening, say C', in the crusher
frame, when the chute would be allowed to drop back into its position and the
discharge nozzle come out of the said opening. It will be thus seen from the fore-
going description of the shell and diaphragm chute, it is not necessary to disturb
the operating or intermediate driving mechanism in changing the relation between
the discharge opening and the point at which the intermediate mechanism enters the
crusher frame. In the illustration of this invention the lower shell shows the
opening C, closed by a plate G, which is provided with a horizontal bearing, in
which is arranged a shaft G', carrying a pulley G', so that it may be rotated by
the application of any convenient motive power. A pinion 9, is arranged on the
inner end of the shaft G¹, so as to rotate with it, and its teeth are intended to
engage or mesh with the teeth of the gear wheel g', removably attached or
connected to an eccentric box H, but so that the two will rotate together.
pinion g, and gear wheel g', are covered, or enclosed by a portion g³, of the shell E,
which surrounds and overlaps it, as shown in Fig. 1. This portion may, however,
if preferred, be made as a separate diaphragm, and afterwards inserted. The
portion of the shell surrounding the shaft A, is provided with two upwardly
The

page_text: .
extending flanges h, which afford an annular channel or space between them, which
may be filled with water or oil, and which is covered by a cap /', provided with
downwardly extending flanges, one of which extends down into the water or oil
with which the channel between the flanges h, is intended to be filled. This makes
or affords a fluid seal to prevent dust, dirt, or other foreign substances from getting
into the eccentric box or gearing. Of course, it will be understood that the cover h¹,
is attached to the shaft A', and moves and is covered and protected by a water
lip H³, fastened to the shaft and overhanging the top of the cap h'. The shell is
provided with a removable bottom I, which may be removably secured to the shell
in any desired manner. When it is in place, there is formed between it and the
part o³, a chamber in which the actuating mechanism operates, and which may be
filled with oil to act as a lubricant, as will be readily understood from an inspection
of Fig. 1. The bottom of the eccentric box is supported in a cap K, which is
held in place in any desired manner, and the bottom of the shaft A, rests and is
supported upon the top of the step block L, which, in turn, rests upon a lighter
screw L, by which it may be raised or lowered, or adjusted to the desired position.
By taking off the cap K, the eccentric H, may be readily removed and another
put into its place, should it become worn, or should it be desired to remove it for
any other cause, and the gyratory shaft is supported in place by its falling down
until it contacts and rests upon the dust cap, which is upon the top of the
diaphragm F. To still further prevent friction, anti-friction balls or rolls are
arranged, between the gear g', and the top of the bottom I, and also friction balls
or rolls, between the bottom of the eccentric box and the cap K, as will be
understood from an inspection of the drawings. It will be noticed that the step
block L, is arranged within the eccentric box, and that its vertical axis is in line
with the vertical axis of the shaft A', represented by the line k, while the vertical
axis of the lighter screw L', is not in line with the vertical axis of the step block
or shaft, but is in line with the vertical axis of the machine, represented by the
line. This arrangement of the shaft and the lighter screw on independent
vertical axes, prevents the friction caused by the rubbing that would ensue if they
were not so arranged. As the mechanism is operated, the eccentric box will be
rotated and a gyratory motion imparted to the shaft A', and the parts which it
carries.
For supporting and oiling the shaft G', journal boxes S, are provided contiguous
to the shell or frame of the machine, and suitably supported. Within these boxes
the shaft is mounted. Each box is provided near the middle of its length with an
annular oil channels, and at each of its ends with narrower oil channels s¹, and
connecting these channels are inclined channels s2, s2, which extend from the
intermediate channel to the end channels, and are located at the top and bottom of
the box, and also at the sides if desired; said channels extending from the inter-
mediate channel into the end channels. To produce these boxes, a suitably
constructed outer shell of proper metal is provided as shown; and the babbitt
metal is moulded in the same in the following manner: A mandrel T, as shown in
Fig. 2, which is turned to the diameter of the shaft to be boxed is employed. On
this mandrel midway of its length a semi-circular projection T¹, corresponding in
shape and position to the intermediate channel is formed, and at the ends of the
mandrel narrower semi-circular projections T2, corresponding in position and shape
to the end channels s', are provided. Between the projections T2, are placed
strips T, which have one of their sides tapered to correspond to the tapering
inclined portions of the channels &³, s, Figs. 4, 5 and 6. This mandrel is so formed
when the parts of the journal are planed on their adjoining surfaces, as to mould
only one half of the babbitt metal at one operation. To the top of the mandrel a
flat piece T, of the same length as the box and corresponding to the width of the
planed joint-surfaces, is secured. On the ends of the mandrel are fastened other
pieces T, to hold it in place; and apertures T, Fig. 3, are formed in the piece T,
and through these apertures the babbitt metal is poured in the casting operation.
In casting, one half of the box is produced and then the other half; but where

page_text: rough boxes do not require to be planed at the joints, the box and mandrel are
set upright, and the babbitt metal is poured in around the mandrel. Under thi
construction and operation there will be produced bearing boxes which are
babbitted, and in which are formed an intermediate babbitted channel, also end
channels, and inclined channels, for the perfect circulation of oil to lubricate the
shaft. In the intermediate channel a chain or ring may be employed to carry the
oil up about the shaft, and such oil as is not consumed, will pass along the inclined
channels along the shaft into the end channels, and from thence along inclined
channels back into the intermediate channels. In case of long bearings two or
three channels corresponding in construction to the intermediate channel are formed
at different points between the ends of the journal box, and these channels are
connected by inclined or horizontal channels, with one another, and with the
end channels. By this construction the oil would circulate from one intermediate
channel to another and also from the ends of the box to the intermediate oil
channels. The body proper of the mandrel properly shapes the metal cast about
it for forming the cylindrical bearing surfaces for the shaft, as will be plainly seen
by reference to the drawing.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, as communicated to me
by my foreign correspondent, I declare that what I claim is:
1. The combination of a shaft, a cap surrounding the shaft provided with down-
wardly extending flanges, a portion of the shell surrounding the shaft beneath the
cap provided with flanges extending upwardly and forming with the downwardly
extending flanges of the cap a fluid seal, and the upper wall of a chamber adapted
to contain actuating mechanism and a lubricant, and actuating mechanism enclosed
in such chamber within the shell, where it is hermetically sealed and protected
from the ingress of water and other foreign substances and submerged in a
lubricant, substantially as described.
2. The combination of a gyrating shaft, an eccentric box surrounding the
journaled end of the shaft, a step block within the eccentric box supporting the
shaft, and means for supporting the step block, substantially as described.
3. The combination of a gyrating shaft, an eccentric box surrounding the
journaled end of the shaft, a step block within the eccentric box supporting the
shaft, and means for supporting the step block and vertically adjusting it with
the shaft and parts carried by it, substantially as described.
4. The combination of a gyrating shaft, an eccentric box surrounding the
journaled end of the shaft, a removable step block arranged within the eccentric box
supporting the shaft and arranged with its vertical axis in line with the vertical
axis of the shaft, and a lighter screw for supporting the step block arranged with
its vertical axis eccentric to the vertical axis of the step block and shaft and in
line with the vertical axis of the machine, substantially as described.
5. The combination of a gyrating shaft, actuating mechanism for gyrating the
same, a chamber enclosing the actuating mechanism containing a top through which
the shaft enters, a removable bottom, and a removable side provided with a
horizontal bearing through which the means for actuating the mechanism enters,
substantially as described.
6. In stone breakers and ore crushers, the combination of a frame provided with
several openings in its lower portion, crushing mechanism arranged within the
frame and having its operating incchanism adjacent to such openings, intermediate
driving mechanism engaging with such operative mechanisin and arranged to euter
the crusher frame in line with one of its openings, and the discharge chute-
diaphragm adjustably secured therein, so that its discharge end may be led through
either of the idle openings in the crusher frame, whereby the relative position of
such discharge chute-diaphragm and the intermediate driving mechanism may be
changed, substantially as described.

page_text: 7. A crusher concave constructed of hard metal portions and with relatively
softer metal strips of wrought or malleable iron, applied where the sections of
the concave adjoin, so as to form portions of the wearing surface and serve as
the means for protecting the corners of the edges of the same, substantially as
described.
8. The combination with hard metal wearing surfaces of the concave, of relatively
softer metal strips applied between the adjoining sections and at the bottom of the
lower section, so as to become battered down at the edges of the said sections, and
thus protect them, substantially as described.
9. The combination with hard metal wearing surfaces of a concave, of relatively
softer metal strips applied between the adjoining sections and at the top of the
upper section, substantially as described.
10. The crusher head and gyratory shaft of a stone breaker or crusher, con-
structed and keyed together as herein described and shown, so that the crusher
head is free to settle as necessity requires after the machine has been put in
operation, substantially as described.
11. In a gyratory crusher, a gyrating shaft having a taper from below the
crusher head towards its upper end for receiving the crusher head, and said tapered
portion provided with one or more key seats of such a length that they form a
settling space or spaces below the key or keys, and which are parallel to the taper
of the shaft, in combination with a crusher head provided with a key seat or seats
coinciding with the key seat or seats in the shaft, and with a key or keys of less
length than the keys in the key seats, and having projecting edges and faces which
are parallel with the surfaces of the key seats in the shaft, substantially as
described.
12. The combination of a crusher head, a gyratory shaft having a taper from
below the crusher head towards its upper end, the head and shaft being pro-
vided with key seats-those of the shaft extending down lower than those of the
head, metal bearing strips of the head projecting into the bore of the head, and
keys entered into the key seats of the head and shaft, and having a loose fit
in the key seats of the shaft, substantially as described.
13. The combination of the gyratory shaft having a taper from below the
crusher head toward its upper end, and provided with differential screw threads
above its tapered portion, and formed with key seats in its periphery parallel with
said tapered portion, and of greater length than the keys by which the head is held,
from turning, a crusher head having spaced metal bearing strips projecting into its
bore, metal keys of less length than the key seats in the shaft, and entering into
the key seats of the head and shaft, and having a smooth loose fit within the
key seats of the shaft, and confining nuts screwed on the differential threads of the
shaft, substantially as described.
14. The means herein described for keying a crusher head to a gyratory shaft,
the same consisting in one or more retaining key seats in the head and one or more
smooth key seats in the shaft, the key seats in the shaft being parallel with the pro-
jecting edges and faces of the keys and of greater length than the keys which hold
the head from turning and keys formed of metal flowed in a inolten state against
the retaining surfaces of the key seats in the head and against the smooth surfaces
of the key seats in the shaft and against removable plugs at the bottom of the
seats, substantially as described.
15. In a stone breaker or crusher, a shaft box provided with babbitted surfaces
having reversely inclined channels and annular channels, all in communication with
one another, the said shaft box having its babbitt metal bearing surface produced
in it by flowing the metal about a mandrel set within the box, said mandrel being
constructed and operating to confine the metal and give the desired form to the
babbitt metal during the casting operation, substantially as described.
16. A stone and ore crusher comprising an upper split shell, a lower split shell,
means for tightening up and uniting the respective shell portions, a gyratory

page_text: shaft carrying a crusher head, hard metal surfaces on the inner side of the upper
shell, a mechanism for gyrating the gyratory shaft, and a shiftable chute-diaphragm,
substantially as described.
Dated thio and dow of Sentember 1894
WM. P. THOMPSON & Co.,
Agents.