IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION
Year: 1883

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Farran, of the City of Manchester, in the County
of Lancaster, for an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Farran at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 4th July 1883.
JOHN FARRAN, of the City of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN MACHINERY FOR SPINNING AND DOUBLING FIBROUS MATERIALS,"
My invention relates to, and consists in combinations and arrangements of
mechanism for spinning and doubling, principally designed for spinning yarn or
thread in the "cop" form on to the "bare" spindle, though also applicable for
spinning and winding the yarn or thread on to bobbins or spools.
I use fluted rollers similar to ordinary rollers for spinning, but the plane in which
the axes of the fluted rollers are placed, is in a vertical position, and not horizontal,
as usual, and these fluted rollers have their bearings in a beam, which is arranged
to slide to and from the spindles, when the cops are to be doffed, by a shaft or other
arrangement passing from end to end of the frame, and having pinions which gear
with toothed racks from or connected with the roller beam.
The fluted rollers are geared together by toothed wheels at one end of the frame
to give the required speed, and one wheel on one of the fluted rollers, or upon a
stud carried. by the sliding roller beam, has a toothed wheel or pinion, that gears
with one on a fixed stand or bracket, geared up with the driving motor-The wheel
on the end of the fluted roller, will be brought out of, and into gear, with that on
the stand or bracket, when the roller beam is slided away from the spindles to
"doff" the set, and brought back again into the spinning position..
"
For each spindle there is a bar or frame jointed or attached to a rod carried by
the sliding roller beam, or otherwise jointed to it.
This bar or frame has grooves in it forming the bearings for the pivots of as many
pairs of short rollers or bosses as there are fluted rollers in the roller beam, the axes.
of each pair of rollers in the bar or frame are parallel, and horizontally opposite to
their respective fluted rollers in the sliding roller beam-One of each pair of short
bosses or rollers is a "covered" roller and the other is a. fluted roller, and the.
•

page_text: "covered" roller of each pair comes between the fluted roller on the roller beam,
and the fluted boss on the bar or frame.
Each fluted boss in the bar or frame is pressed against its "covered" roller by
a weight spring or other elastic arrangement, and the bar or frame is oscillated so as
to be pressed towards the fluted rollers on the roller beam, so that the "covered"
rollers are held against and rotated by contact with them, and the bar or frame
is arranged to be held or latched with the "covered" rollers in contact, or away
from the fluted rollers on the roller beam, as required.
The roving or sliver of fibrous material, which is to be drawn passes between
the covered and fluted bosses, which deliver the drawn roving or sliver vertically
over and in a line with the axis of the spindle.
By a modification, a shaft is or may be substituted for one of the fluted rollers on
the sliding roller beam, and this shaft has a toothed wheel for each spindle which
gears with a wheel-driving the short "covered" and fluted bosses or rollers on the
oscillating bar or frame..
The oscillation of this bar or frame will bring the wheel on one of the bosses in
and out of gear with the driving wheel, on the shaft on the sliding roller beam.
By either of the arrangements the delivery of drawn sliver can be stopped or started
separately for each spindle.
The spindles rotate in footsteps and tube bearings the latter forming the "collar"
bearing and are each driven by an endless band, working on a "tin" roller" or
drum, and on a warf on the spindle.
Each spindle has a disc or frame secured to it, which has holes with their axes
parallel to that of the spindle in which small rods can freely slide up and down, the
ends of which rods, are secured to two rings. The lower ring fits upon the exterior
of the tube forming the "collar" bearing of the spindle, the upper ring has a groove.
in its periphery into which fits two plates secured to the "copping rail," these plates
allow the upper ring to rotate freely with the spindle, while the rods between the
upper and lower rings permit them to freely move up and down with the copping
rail the rods serving to keep up the connection with the spindle, so that the rings
and rods (which will be hereinafter termed the flyer, though not like the ordinary
flyer for spinning) are driven or rotated at the same speed as the spindle. "The
spindle by a modification is or may be a hollow tube, in its lower part, working on
a "dead" or fixed spindle, or it is or may be a spindle somewhat similar to spindles
used in modern ring spinning frames.
:
"
The upper ring of the flyer has a groove in its upper face to fit a projection upon a
loose ring which will be hereinafter termed the "winding ring "--which is perfectly
free to rotate in the groove in the flyer ring; This "winding ring" is kept in its
place by a short tube secured in the flyer ring, or by any other convenient arrange-
iment. There is a hook, eye, or curl, on the winding ring through which the thread
passes to the spindle or to the bobbin or spool on the spindle-In some cases the
thread passes through a curl in another ring loose on the winding ring.
肇
The winding ring is carried round at the same speed as the spindle by its
frictional contact with the flyer, except when means are employed to retard its
rotation, when the spindle will rotate faster than the winding ring, and this will
cause the twisted sliver to be wound upon the spindle or cop as fast as it is delivered
by the drawing rollers. The drawing rollers. deliver the sliver and the spindle
twists it at a uniform speed, but owing to the changing diameter upon which the
thread has to be wound there must be a continual variation in the speed of the
winding ring. The "winding ring" is retarded by a cord one end of which is
secured to a rod passing from end to end of the copping rail and sliding to and fro
on bearings therein, the other end of the cord passes over a wire or rod also carried
by the copping rail and on the end of the cord a small weight is suspended or a
spring is attached to it, so as to give tension to it, and press the cord against a
groove on the periphery of the winding ring. More friction there is put upon.the.
"winding ring," and more its rotation is retarded, and greater the relative movement
between the spindle and winding ring for winding on the thread...

page_text: The manner in which the thread is wound on the spindle to form the cop, requires
more retardation of the winding ring at the small than at the large part of the cop,
and the winding has to vary between the small and large part of the cop.
This variation is required both in the ascent and descent of the copping rail for
each layer of thread, and the variation of the friction of the cords upon the winding
rings by the end movement, of the sliding rod to which the ends of. the cords are
attached, is produced by a pin, or a pin carrying a bowl, which moves up and down
in a cam slot in a plate on the end of a vertical rod which is stationary relatively
to the up and down traverse distributing motion of the copping rail, but moves
with it as it gradually rises as the cop "builds," and descends with it when a new
"set" begins.
The up and down traverse motion of the copping rail to distribute the thread on
the spindle or bobbin is produced by: a cam, which acts upon a bowl on a lever
having an arm that carries a bowl coming against a chain, and bending it more or
less out of a straight line.
: One end of, this chain is secured, to a drum or pulley, on the end of a shaft,
passing from; end to end of the frame, in suitable bearings, this shaft having pinions
secured upon it, that gear with racks connected with the slides carrying the copping
rail, the other end of the chain is attached to a scroll shaft or shaper, which is
rotated by wheels which receive a movement at each rotation of the traverse cam
from a pin or cam acting on a lever having a pawl that works upon a ratchet wheel
in gear with the scroll cam or shaper shaft, which is thus slowly rotated step by step
to wind up the chain and thus raise the copping rail at the speed which the counts
of the thread and the shape of the cop requires.
A spring lever or other arrangement is employed to act as a brake to be pressed
against the warf of the spindle by the knee of the operative to stop the rotating of
the spindle when piecing the threads.

page_text: :
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said John Farran in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 27th December
1883.
JOHN FARRAN, of the City of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster. "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN MACHINERY FOR SPINNING AND DOUBLING FIBROUS MATERIALS.
My invention relates to and consists in combinations and arrangements of
mechanism for spinning and doubling, principally designed for spinning yarn or
thread in the "cop" form on to the "bare" spindle, though also applicable for
spinning and winding the yarn or thread on to bobbins or spools.
I. use fluted rollers similar to ordinary rollers for spinning but the plane in
which the axes of the fluted rollers are placed is in a vertical position, and not
horizontal, as usual, (though the plane of the rollers may be oblique when desired)
and these fluted rollers have their bearings in a beam, which is arranged to slide
to and from the spindles when the cops are to be doffed, by a shaft or other
arrangements passing from end to end of the frame and having pinions which
gear with toothed racks from or connected with the roller beam.
The
The fluted rollers are geared together by toothed wheels at one end of the frame
to give the required speed, and one wheel on one of the fluted rollers, or upon a
stud carried by the sliding roller beam, has a toothed wheel or pinion, that gears
with one on a fixed; stand or bracket geared up with the driving motor.
wheel on the end of the fluted roller will be brought out of and into gear with
that on the stand or bracket when the roller beam is slided away from the spindles
to "doff" the set and brought back again into the spinning position.
For each spindle there is a bar or frame jointed or attached to a rod carried by
the sliding roller beam or otherwise jointed to it.
This bar or frame has grooves in it forming the bearings for the pivots of as
many pairs of short rollers or bosses as there are fluted rollers in the roller beam,
the axes of each pair of rollers-in the bar or frame are parallel and horizontally
opposite to their respective fluted rollers in the sliding roller beam-One of each
pair of short bosses or rollers is a "covered" roller and the other is a fluted roller
and the "covered" roller of each pair comes between the fluted roller on the roller
beam and the fluted boss on the bar or frame, but when the rollers on the beam
are covered each fluted boss will come between them and the covered boss on the
franie.
"
Each fluted boss in the bar or frame is pressed against its "covered" roller by a
weight, spring or other clastic arrangement, and the bar or frame is oscillated so
as to be pressed towards the fluted rollers on the roller beam, so that the "covered
rollers are held against and rotated by contact with them, and the bar or frame is
arranged to be held or latched with the "covered" rollers in contact or away from
the fluted rollers on the roller beam, as required.
The roving or sliver of fibrous material which is to be drawn, passes between
the covered and fluted bosses which deliver the drawn roving or sliver vertically
over and in a line with the axis of the spindle.
By a modification a shaft is or may be substituted for one of the fluted rollers
on the sliding roller beam, and this shaft has a toothed wheel for each spindle
which gears with a wheel driving the short "covered" and fluted bosses or rollers
on the oscillating bar or frame.
The oscillation of this bar or frame will bring the wheel on one of the bosses
in and out of gear with the driving wheel, on the shaft on the sliding roller beam.
By either of the arrangements the delivery of drawn sliver can be stopped or

page_text: started separately for each spindle. The spindles rotate in footsteps and tube
bearings the latter forming the "collar" bearing and, are each driven by an
endless band working on a "tin roller" or drum, and on a warf on the spindle.
Each spindle has a disc or frame secured to it which has holes with their axes
parallel to that of the spindle in which small rods can freely slide up and down,
the ends of which rods are secured to two rings.
The lower ring fits upon the exterior of the tube forming the "collar" bearing
of the spindle, the upper ring has a groove in its periphery into which fits two
plates secured to the copping rail, these plates allow the upper ring to rotate
freely with the spindle, while the rods between the upper and lower rings permit
them to freely move up and down with the copping rail, the rods serving to keep
up the connection with the spindle, so that the rings and rods (which will be
hereinafter termed the flyer, though not like the ordinary flyer for spinning) are
driven or rotated at the same speed as the spindle
The spindle by a modification is or may be a hollow tube in its lower part
working on a "dead" or fixed spindle, or it is or may be a spindle somewhat
similar to spindles used in modern ring spinning frames.
The upper ring of the flyer has a groove in its upper face to fit a projection upon
a loose ring which will be hereinafter termed the "winding ring" which is
perfectly free to rotate in the groove in the flyer ring.
This winding ring is kept in its place by a short tube secured in the flyer ring
or by any other convenient arrangement.
There is a hook, eye or curl on the winding ring through which the thread
passes to the spindle or to the bobbin or spool on the spindle.
In some cases the thread passes through a curl in another ring loose on the
winding ring.
The winding ring is carried round at the same speed as the spindle by its
frictional contact with the flyer, except when means are employed to retard its
rotation, when the spindle will rotate faster than the winding ring, and this will
cause the twisted sliver to be wound upon the spindle or cop as fast as it is.
delivered by the drawing rollers.
The drawing rollers deliver the sliver and the spindle twists it, at a uniform
speed, but owing to the changing diameter upon which the thread has to be
wound there must be a continual variation in the speed of the winding ring.
The winding ring is retarded by a cord, one end of which is secured to a rod or
bar passing from end to end of the copping rail and sliding to and fro on bearings.
therein, the other end of the cord passes over a wire or rod also carried by or
forming part of the copping rail, and on the end of a cord a small weight is
suspended or a spring is attached to it so as to give tension to it and press the
cord against a groove on the periphery of the "winding ring,"
More friction there is put upon the "winding ring" and more its rotation is
retarded and greater the relative movement between the spindle and winding ring
for winding on the thread.
The manner in which the thread is wound on the spindle to form the cop
requires more retardation of the winding ring at the small than at the large
part of the cop, and the winding has to vary between the small and large part of
the cop.
•
This variation is required both in the ascent and descent of the copping rail for
each layer of thread, and the variation of the friction of the cords upon the
winding rings by the end movement of the sliding rod or bar to which the ends
of the cords are attached is produced by a pin or a pin carrying a bowl, which
moves up and down in a cam slot in a plate on the end of a vertical rod which is
stationary relatively to the up and down traverse distributing motion of the
copping rail, but moves with it as it gradually rises as the cop builds," and
descends with it when a new set begins.
"
The up and down traverse motion of the copping rail to distribute the thread on
the spindle or bobbin is-produced by a cam, which acts upon a bowl on a lever

page_text: naving an arm that carries a bowl coming against a chain and bending it more or
less out.of.a straight line.
One end of this chain is secured to a drum or pulley on the end of a shaft
passing from end to end of the frame in suitable bearings, this shaft having pinions
secured upon it that gear with racks connected with the slides carrying the copping
rail the other end of the chain is attached to a scroll shaft or shaper which is
rotated by wheels which receive a movement at each rotation of the traverse cam
from a.pin.or cam acting on a lever having a pawl that works upon a ratchet
wheel in gear with the scroll cam or shaper shaft, which is thus slowly rotated
step by step to wind up the chain and thus raise the copping rail at the speed
which the counts of the thread and the shape of the cop requires.
A spring lever or other arrangement is employed to act as a brake to be pressed
against the warf of the spindle by the knee of the operative to stop the rotating
of the spindle when piecing the threads.
Fig 1 is an end elevation at the driving end of a double sided machine, fig 2 is
à partial end view at the opposite end of the machine, fig 3 is a partial front
elevation, fig 4 a partial cross sectional elevation and fig 5 an end elevation of the
drawing rollers and connected parts detached.
Fig 3 is a side sectional and fig 3b a front elevation of a modification of
retarding mechanism detached.
;
Fig 6 is a sectional elevation of a spindle, the rails and 'connected parts, and
fig 7 is a plan section the section being taken a little above the level of the upper
side of the copping rail.
Fig 8 is a vertical section through the upper part of the flyer and rings when
together, fig 9 a plan of the disc-secured to the spindle that drives the flyer, and
figs 10, 11, 12 and 13 are sectional elevations of rings when separated.
Figs 14, 15 and 15" are sectional elevations of modifications of the rings.
Fig 16 is a front sectional elevation of a spindle and connected parts according
to another modification and fig 17 is a plan section taken on a level with the upper
surface of the copping rail.
Fig 18 is a sectional elevation of a spindle according to another modification.
Fig 19 is a side sectional view, and fig 20 a front view on an enlarged scale
of a set of drawing rollers and connected parts for one spindle shown detached.
Fig 21 is a plan, and fig 22 a side sectional elevation on an enlarged scale of a
set of drawing rollers and connected parts for one spindle detached according to
another modification.
Fig 23 is a sectional elevation of rollers according to another modification.
a are three lines of fluted rollers which have their bearings on a stand a¹ secured
to or forming part of a beam or plate a* extending from end to end of the machine,
and arranged to slide horizontally; this beam having toothed racks a² secured
or connected to it which gear with toothed pinions a³ on a shaft a passing from
end to end of the machine, having suitable bearings on the framing A so that by
means of a crank handle and pinion (not shown) and wheel as the shaft a¹, may
be rotated and the roller beam ax moved in its slides away from or towards the
spindles.
The same shaft a if desired, is or may be used for actuating the roller beams,
on both sides of the machine, or any other suitable arrangement may be substituted.
Rotary motion is conveyed to the fluted rollers a from the axis b' of the tin
drum b, by any suitable train of wheels, or as shown partly in dotted lines in
fig 1, and the end of one of the rollers has a toothed pinion a that gears with one a7,
carried on a bracket on the end of the frame, when the rollers a are in the spinning
position, but when the roller beam ax is slided away from the spindles to "doff”
the cops the pinions a and a7 are separated but come into gear again when the
rollers are brought back to the spinning position.
The rollers a are geared together at one end of the machine.
If desired the fluted rollers a may be kept constantly in gear with the driving

page_text: wheels while permitting of the movement of the rollers to and from the spindles
by arrangements obvious to mechanics.
To the upper ends of the stand or part for the fluted rollers a brackets are
secured, which form the bearings of a rod as passing from end to end of the
machine, and upon this rod (as) a frame c for each spindle is arranged to oscillate.
Each frame c (see figs 2, 3, 4, 5, 19 and 20) has bearings for three pair of rollers,
each pair coming opposite one of the fluted rollers a-The frame c (see figs 19
and 20) has three slots on each side for the bearings of the pairs of rollers and
these c¹ which come next to the fluted rollers a are "covered rollers," and the
other rollers ca are "fluted" rollers,-Springs c³ are used to act upon the bearings
of the fluted rollers c² to press the surfaces of each pair of rollers together, and
there is a rib c screwed on to each side of the frame to keep the bearings of the
rollers from getting out of their slots.
Each frame c has one end of a rod c jointed to its side (see figs 2 and 5) to pass
to a spring co secured to the back of the plate or stand a² from the roller beam;
which spring will draw the frame c. towards the fluted rollers a and press the
covered roller c¹ of each pair against its driving fluted roller a so that all three
pair of rollers are thus rotated.
.
There is a lever c jointed to one side of the frame at 8 and by pulling at this
lever the frame c is withdrawn from the fluted rollers a and held in that position
against the action of the spring co by the end of the lever c' latching against
the upper part of the vertical part of the roller beam ax as shown in fig 5.
In place of a spring co a weight c6 is or may be used 'as illustrated in fig 4, a
cord or chain c5 being attached to the side of the frame and passed over the shaft a¹,
or over a suitable rod and attached to the weight c which may be forked to pass
on each side of a fixed rail c* extending from end to end to end of the machine to
keep the weights from oscillating.
.
The roving may pass from the bobbin x (see fig 4) over the rod a³ then between
the pairs of covered and fluted rollers c¹ and c³ each set of which when spinning
is directly over its spindle.
Figs 21 and 22 illustrate another modification where the three pairs of rollers c¹
and c have their bearings in a frame c that can slide vertically in slides a³ on the
roller beam.
When in the position shown in fig 22, they are driven by the fluted rollers a but
when the frame c is lifted by turning the lever handle c' (which is jointed to it
at c) into a vertical position, the covered roller c¹ of each pair comes into a
position between the fluted rollers a on the roller beam and thus out of contact
with them.
The frame c is sustained with the rollers out of contact, as long as the end of
the lever c' when vertical rests upon the upper edge of the part a³ in which the
slides are formed.
The frame c when down may be held down against a stop a¹0 (see fig 22) if
required by being made sufficiently heavy or by a weight or spring or as prefered,
by arranging a projection co on one side of the lever c. so as to come under a hook
projection a from one of the slideways a³ when the lever c is down in the
horizontal position.
The three pairs of rollers have or may have pressure put upon them by a spring c³
secured on each side of the frame c the free end of the spring is jointed with a
saddle piece co the two ends of which press upon thin plates c¹ which come
against the bearings of the rollers c², but the ends of the saddle 10 are nearer'
the axis of the upper and lower pairs of rollers than the middle pair, so that by
the difference in leverage the pressure will be equal on the three pairs of rollers.
The plates care bent at a right angle and have holes formed for the bearings
of the rollers c² so as to keep the plates in their correct positions.
. Fig 23 is. a sectional elevation illustrating another arrangement of rollers
according to my invention where, the plane of the rollers is in an oblique position:

page_text: as shown, drepresenting the top of the spindle. The frame c is hooked on to the
rod as in the position shown.
The hook is forked and is secured on the rod as by a staple a―The frame c'is
held up when its rollers are not to be driven by a bent lever c7 on a fulcrum c³ as
in figs 2 and 5. The rollers a are or may be "covered," and in such case cach
fluted boss c2 comes between the rollers a and c¹..
My improved arrangements of drawing rollers separate for each spindle so as to
be readily stopped and started when required are also applicable to ordinary
spinning frames with the rollers in a vertical position as described, or in the
inclined or ordinary horizontal position.
Fig 6 shows a spindle and connected parts full size.
A is the footstep rail, A² a rail to which a boss d is secured in which a tube d¹
is fixed, the upper and lower end of the interior of this tube having the bearings
for the spindle d' which has a warf ds upon it upon which a band works, passing
round the "tin drum or roller b.
To the spindle above the tube d' a disc d¹ (shown in plan by fig 9) is secured by
a screw.
.This disc has holes for the rods e of the part forming the flyer, which rods at
their upper and lower ends are secured in a ring, the lower ring e¹ fits to rotate
freely round the exterior of the tube d-the ring e at the upper end of the flyer
has a groove into which the edges of two plates f¹ pass, which plates are secured
to the copping rail f.
こ
When the spindle d³ rotates, the flyer is thus rotated at the same time, and the
rods e.of the flyer can also slide freely in the holes in the disc d' secured to the
spindle.
A sectional elevation of the rings at the upper end of the flyer is shown by fig 8,
and these rings are shown separately by figs 10, 11, 12 and 13.
e³ is a ring that fits a groove in the ring e² at the upper end of the flyer as
shown, this ring e³ may be termed the "winding" or retarding ring-It has a
groove on its side for a friction band f2 as shown in fig 6-hereinafter referred to.
It has also a ledge inside for another ring e' to rest upon, which has one or more
hooks or curls e³ through which the thread passes from the lowest pair of rollers c
and c² to the cop or bobbin on the spindle.
"L
e is a tube ring secured inside the other rings in any convenient manner to the
upper ring e² of the flyer, and it serves, while leaving the rings e³ and e¹ free to
rotate to keep them in their places.
The copping rail f is arranged on vertical slides having toothed racks f³ which
gear with toothed pinions f4 on a shaft f³ extending the lengthway of the machine
in suitable bearings (see figs 3 and 4).
The oscillation of the shaft f5 gives the required up and down motion to the
copping rail f to distribute the thread upon the spindle and build the cop.
The copping rail f is worked by a cam fe attached to a wheel on a stud in gear
with a pinion on the tin drum or roller shaft 6' (see fig 2)-The cam acts upon a
bowl f on a stud in a lever f8 having its fulcrum on a stud f' in the end frame of
the machine.
A bend or arm f10 from the lever f8 carries a stud for another bowl f" which.
comes against a chain f¹ and bends it more or less out of the line in which it is
extended.
One end of this chain is secured to the periphery of a pulley f¹³ fast on the end
of the copping rail shaft fo and the other end is attached to the surface of a cone
or shaper g on the boss of a wheel g' on a stud secured in the framing-This wheel
is in gear with a pinion on the boss of a ratchet wheel g² on a stud in the framing,,
on which stud an arm ga oscillates, being acted upon by a pin g* in the side of the
cam fo
The arm g³ carries a pawl that works upon the ratchet wheel g², there being
also a retaining pawl 94 to prevent back movement.

page_text: At the commencement of a fresh set of cops, the ratchet pawls are lifted away
from the ratchet g² and by a key fitting the square on the axis of the shaper cone g,
the latter is turned back to bring the copping rail f. to its lowest position when
the lower end of the chain f¹ will be on the cone part of the shaper so that it will
wind up faster at the commencement of the building of the bottom of the cops, but
after it winds on to the more cylindrical part of the shaper it will wind up and
lift the copping rail uniformly
•
There is a pinion on the boss of the shaper wheel g¹ that gears with a wheel g³
on a stud in the frame, which latter wheel (9) has a pinion that gears with a
toothed rack ge on a rod passing through guide slots in brackets A³ and A* through
which it can freely slide vertically.
i
The upper end of this vertical slide rack 96 carries a plate 97, in which there is a
cam or shaper slot (two are shown one for right the other left handed twist) for a
bowl or pin in the end of a bar f* extending the length of and having bearings on
the copping rail f.
When the copping rail moves up and down in distributing the thread, this
slide rod fx moves with it and the pin or, bowl on its end slides up and down in
the slot of the cam or shaper g' and this gives more or less end movement to the
slide bar fx on the copping rail.
j
The cam or shaper 9 is stationary in respect of the ordinary distributing move-.
ments of the copping rail f, but gradually rises with it as the cops are built.
There are notches in the upper edge of the slide bar f* (see figs 6 and 7). in
which the ends of the retarding. cords f² are secured, the cord being placed in a
notch, and the knot at its end prevents the small weight f° suspended on the other
end of the cord from withdrawing it from the notch.
The retarding cord f2 passes over a rod- f1 carried by the copping rail, or the
edge of the copping rail is or may be formed to act in place of the rod.
The sliding movement of the bar fx is to increase and decrease the amount of
retardation as required by the diameter of the cop in winding on the thread, and
it produces this result by bending the cord f² more or less round the periphery of
the groove in the ring. e³.
The retarding cord f" between its weight fo and the ring e³ is at a tangent to
the ring e³ as shown by the peculiar dotted line e' in fig' 7, and when the cord
between the groove of the ring e³ and the slide bar fx is at the angle shown by
the said peculiar dotted line e', the retardation is increased; but when brought
nearer to a tangent from the groove of the ring e³, the retardation is least.
i
Most retardation is required when the thread is winding upon -the small, and
least retardation when winding upon the large part of the cop.
The amount and time of retardation can be varied for each row of spindles by
forming the cam slot g' accordingly, and it can be varied for each separate spindle
by changing the cord f2 from one notch to another in the bar f*
In place of a stationary cam slot in the plate g a cam slot on an axis is or
may be used as shown in figs 3a and 3b-An arm on the upper end of the rod.ge
carries the bearing of a short shaft 9s having the cam slot g' on one end and a
crank g on the other end-The pin of the crank enters a cam slot in a bracket g*,
secured to the framing. As shown in fig 3b, the rod 96 is supposed to be at its
lowest position ready to begin a fresh set of cops.
When the rod g begins to lift, the crank pin is acted upon by the cam groove
in the bracket gx, and this causes the slot g' to get more and more inclined during
the formation of the bottom of the cops until the crank pin arrives at the straight
part of the cam slot in g*, when the slot g' will remain at the same angle during
the remainder of the building of the cops, or this angle may be modified according
to the shape of the slot g* as desired.
f* fig 3a is the end of the slide bar the pin or bowl on which is acted upon by.
the slot go.
3
Figs 14 and 15 show modifications suitable for spinning coarse yarns or threads
where the ring e* is dispensed with.

page_text: WHO HOOKS OF curis for the thread in these modifications are secured to
the rings e which have each a groove for the retarding cords f2.
Another modification consists in forming the, retarding ring e³ to receive a
"traveller" similar to that used in what is termed "ring spinning frames" as
illustrated by fig 15 where e is the traveller."
Figs 16 and 17 illustrate a spindle and connected parts according to another
modification.
Fig 16 so far as the spindle and its bearings is also a front elevation of the
spindle shown by fig 6..
his a brake on a spring
2 1.
secured to the lower rail A' as shown this spring h¹
is pressed by the knee or hand of the operator to bring the brake h against the
warf d when the spindle is to be stopped.
In the modification illustrated, by figs 16 and 17, a thin metal tube e is sub-
stituted for the Byer with rods e.-In this case the tube c is supposed to be
octagonal (see fig 17) and fits and freely slides over a disc d secured to the
spindle d² having a similar number of sides.
The exterior of the spindle tube d¹ may be cylindrical and large enough to freely
fit and nearly touch the inner sides of the tube flyer e, or rings dx may be formed
or secured on the spindle tube d¹ to act to steady the lower part of the flyer tube e
when rotating with the spindle.
The upper end of the octagonal flyer e has a ring e² soldered or otherwise
secured to it, which ring is formed with an under cut groove, and the lower edge
of the flange rests and rotates on a ring f¹ sunk in the copping rail f, and this
ring has a thin ring forming its inner edge; that enters without touching the sides
.of the undercut groove in the ring e².
.
This arrangement forms a bearing and cavity to retain the lubricant.
It will be obvious that the same arrangement is applicable, with flyers formed
by rods e, as in fig 6.
The rings ea, and eo above the ring e² (figs 16 and 17) are the same or similar
to those shown by figs 6; 8, 11, 12 and 13.
The flyer and rings in the modification shown by figs 16 and 17 remain down
upon the ring bearing f¹ upon the copping rail by its own weight, and can, when
required be readily lifted off the spindle.
fit
The flyer tube è may be made if desired cylindrical with internal ribs or keys to
grooves in the disc d' or' vice versa, the rib may be upon the disc d' and the
grooves in the flyer tube e.
Fig 18 illustrates a spindle arranged similar to those used in modern ring
spinning frames-d³ is the warf on the lower part of the tube d' which is supposed
to be octagonal on its exterior to fit the octagonal flyer e shown in figs 16
and 17.
I have described my invention in connection with a movable copping rail-but
it is equally applicable when the copping rail is fixed, and the spindles and spindle.
rails are moved up and down to distribute the spun or twisted yarn or thread,
but I prefer the arrangement herein before described and illustrated by the
drawings.
I have now particularly described the nature of my said invention and the
modes of carrying the same into effect and claim as my invention.
the
1. The combinations and arrangements of mechanism, substantially as and for
purpose herein before described and illustrated by the drawings.
2. The combination of separate drawing rollers for each spindle so arranged that
they can be readily stopped and started, substantially as herein before described.
3. The arrangement and combination of separate drawing rollers for each spindle,
to deliver the drawn sliver directly over the end of the spindle, substantially as
hereinbefore described and illustrated by the drawings.
4. The arrangement and combination of rollers so as to be movable to and from
the spindles, substantially as and for the purpose hereinbefore described and
illustrated by the drawings.

page_text: 5. The several arrangements and combinations of spindle flyer and their rings,
substantially as hereinbefore described and illustrated by the drawings.
6. The arrangement and combination of rings so that the winding on of the
spun or twisted thread is effected by retarding the ring connected with the thread
being spun or twisted, or retarding the ring which carries and drives the thread
ring or "traveller" substantially as herein before described and illustrated by the
drawings.
7. The system or mode of retarding and varying the retarding action upon the
rings by friction, and the mechanisn and arrangements for effecting the same,
substantially as herein before described and illustrated by the drawings.
In Witness whereof I the said John Farran have hereunto set my hand and
seal this twenty fourth day of December in the year of our Lord one thousand
eight hundred and eighty three.
JOHN FARRAN (L.S.)