IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF BUTTON STUDS, SOLITAIRE STUDS, AND OTHER LIKE FASTENINGS
Year: 1879

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Edward Griffith Brewer, of 33, Chancery Lane, London,
for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF BUTTON STUDS,
SOLITAIRE STUDS, AND OTHER LIKE FASTENINGS." A communication from
abroad by Louis Andre Lion, of Paris, France.
Sealed the 7th November 1879, and dated the 10th May 1879.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Edward Griffith Brewer at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 10th May 1879.
"
EDWARD GRIFFITH BREWER, of 33, Chancery Lane, London. 'IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE CONSTRUCTION OF BUTTON STUDS, SOLITAIRE STUDS, AND OTHER LIKE
FASTENINGS.' (A communication from abroad by Louis Andre Lion, of Paris,
France.)
"
This Invention refers to the construction and manufacture of those button studs
or solitaire studs which are secured to the article by inserting the shank through
the shirt or other article when the same is straight, and securing the stud after the
shank is inserted by bringing the point of the latter to a right angle or thereabouts
with the shank proper. Heretofore the manufacture of these articles has been
complicated and expensive, numerous stampings, borings, and so forth of the
material have been necessary, and generally these articles as now made have to pass
through about 22 hands, thereby necessitating the manufacture of springs, the
flattening thereof, then the application to the stud, and the rivetting and finishing.
According to this Invention a considerable economy in manufacture, in labour,
time, and material is effected, a single piece producing all the effects or results of
the fastening without paring, stamping, flattening, and rivetting of the spring.
This is accomplished by making the stud fastening out of a single piece of metal,
out of which to produce the balancing or turning over portion; in fact a single
piece is cut with one blow from the tool, turned over with two side pieces or ears
at the same time, and the holes to receive the pin bored also at the same blow, as
well as the slot cut in the material instead of the spring as heretofore (but taking
the place thereof), producing the same result but avoiding or economizing the work.
The inventor cannot be too explicit on this point, viz., that the part which balances
is produced by a single blow from the tool, which from a flat piece of metal raises

page_text: up the form to be given to the balancing piece, folds over the two ear pieces, bores
the two holes, and forms the three sides of the material out of the same piece of
sheet metal, and thereby dispensing with the rivetting on of the ordinary spring.
According to another arrangement the balancing or head piece of the shank is
made from one piece of metal folded over; the shank piece proper is introduced
into the flat bent piece of metal at or about the centre thereof, and in a groove
formed in the two bent over pieces; the head piece is balanced in a square shaped
spindle formed by the end of the shank, so that when the piece is turned the square
shoulder causes it to act as a spring. There is no rivet whatever, consequently no
resistance and no appreciable wear; the strength is great and there is a great
economy in the manufacture; the head piece can be turned in two directions, to
the right or left, which in some cases is a great advantage. There is no loss of
material in the manufacture, and hence a great economy.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Edward Griffith Brewer in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 10th
November 1879.
EDWARD GRIFFITH BREWER, of 33, Chancery Lane, London.
"IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF BUTTON STUDS, SOLITAIRE STUDS, AND OTHER LIKE
FASTENINGS." (A communication from abroad by Louis André Lion, of Paris,
France.)
This Invention refers to the construction and manufacture of those button studs
or solitaire studs which are secured to the article by inserting the shank through
the shirt or other article when the same is straight, and securing the stud after the
shank is inserted by bringing the point of the latter to a right angle, or thereabouts,
with the shank proper. Heretofore the manufacture of these articles have been
complicated and expensive; numerous stampings, borings, and so forth of the
material have been necessary; and generally these articles as now made have to
pass through about 22 hands, thereby necessitating the manufacture of springs,
the flattening thereof, then the application to the stud, and the rivetting and
finishing.
According to this Invention a considerable economy in manufacture, in labour,
time, and material is effected, a single piece producing all the effects or results of
the fastening without paring, stamping, flattening, and rivetting of the spring.
This is accomplished by making the stud out of a single piece of metal, out of which
to produce the balancing or turning over portion; in fact a single piece is cut with
one blow from the tool, turned over with two side pieces or ears at the same time,
and the holes to receive the pin bored also at the same blow, as well as the slot cut
in the material instead of the spring as heretofore, but taking the place thereof,
producing the same result but avoiding or economizing the work. The inventor
cannot be too explicit on this point, viz., that the part which balances is produced
by a single blow from the tool, which from a flat piece of metal raises up the form
to be given to the balancing piece, folds over the two ear pieces, bores the two
holes, and forms the three sides of the material of the same piece of sheet metal,
thereby dispensing with the rivetting on the ordinary springs.
Figure 1 of the accompanying Drawings is a side view of the fastening or hinged
piece turned over in the position it occupies when the stud is secured in the shirt
or other article; Figure 2, a plan of the underside; Figure 3, a side view showing
the hinged or balancing piece in a line with the shank for insertion in the stud
hole; Figure 4 is a side view, partly in section, of the same fastening or hinged
piece showing the position the spring takes on the shank; Figure 5 is an end view,
partly in section, of the same; and Figure 6 shows in plan the blank metal hinged
piece, the dotted lines showing the form of the metal piece as they are stamped
before these edges are turned over to make the hinged pieces. a is the balancing
or turning over portion; b, b, the sides or ears; c, the spring; all being formed out
of one piece of inetal, as before described. d is the shank to which the balancing
piece a is hinged; and e is the head or ornamental portion of the stud, which may
be of gold, silver, or other metal, or of bone, ivory, or other suitable material or
combination of materials, and be decorated with stones or otherwise as fancy or
taste may dictate.
According to another or modified arrangement the balancing or head piece of the
shank is made from one piece of metal folded over.
Figure 7 is a side view of a stud made according to this modified arrangement,
showing the same in the bent over or position it assumes when the same is secured
in the shirt or other article; Figure 8 is a plan of the under side of same; Figure 9
shows the same stud with the balancing or turning over piece in a vertical position,
and in a line with the shank ready for insertion in the article to which it is to be

page_text: applied; Figure 10, a side view showing the looped shank in section; Figure 11
is an end view showing the balancing piece in section; and Figure 12 is a view
detached of the balancing or turning over piece.
Around the shank piece proper d is the flat bent piece of metal a at or about the
centre thereof, and in a groove a' formed in the two bent over pieces. The head
piece is balanced, or a square shaped spindle d' formed by the end of the shank d,
so that when the piece is turned the square shaped spindle causes the flat bent
piece of metal to act as a spring. c is the ornamental head portion of the stud as
in the other arrangement before described; there is no rivet whatever, consequently
no resistance and no appreciable wear; the strength is great and there is a great
economy in the mannfacture.
The flat head piece a can be turned in two direc-
tions, to the right or left, which in some cases is a great advantage; there is no
loss of material in the manufacture, and hence economy.
Having now described the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed, I declare that I do not claim generally the construction
and use of studs with hinged or partially hinged shanks which are turned over to
secure the stud to the article; but I do claim as the aforesaid improvements in the
construction of button studs, solitaire studs, and other fastenings,--
The construction and employment of such articles in and by making the fastening
portion thereof out of a single piece of metal, and from this single piece adapting
the various portions necessary to make up the fastener, that is to say, the spring
and hinge or hinges in combination with shanks and stud heads, all substantially
in the manner herein before described, and illustrated in the accompanying Drawings,
together with any mere modification or modifications thereof.
In witness whereof, I, the said Edward Griffith Brewer, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Tenth day of November, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and seventy nine.
E. G. BREWER. (L.S.)