Improvements in Coke Ovens, and in the method of using the same.
Year: 1890

page_text: Date of Application, 21st Mar., 1890
Complete Specification Left, 22nd Dec., 1890-Accepted, 21st Feb., 1891
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Coke Ovens, and in the method of using
the same.
A communication to me from abroad by FRANZ STROEHMER, of Dresden, in the
Empire of Germany, Engineer.
I, EDMUND EDWARDS, of the firm of Edwards and Co., Patent Agents and
Engineers, of 35, Southampton Buildings, Chancery Lane, in the County of
Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the
same is to be performed to be as follows:-
In the accompanying drawing,
Figure 1 is a vertical longitudinal section through the centre of a coke oven con-
structed according to this invention, on the line CD, Figure 2.
Figure 2 is a vertical transverse section of the same, the left half thereof being a
section on the line A B and the right half a section on the line E F of Figure 1
respectively.
Figure 3 is a sectional plan of the same, the upper half being a sectionon line G H
and the lower half a top view.
The invention comprises one or more walled-in channels, two of which (a b) are
shewn in the drawing and are provided along the whole of their length with rails e e
forming a track and resting upon a ledge or recess formed in the wall. Upon
another and higher recess or ledge are arranged above these rails and on both sides
thereof two iron boxes cc which are filled up with dry sand. Between the rails a
deep passage is sunk.
Each channel can be closed by means of a pair of folding doors furnished
with a refractory lining as high as the rails. The air has free access below while
the channel is closed at the top, being covered with a fireproof arch. Above this
arch are arranged a set of air pipes, the air circulating therein being previously
heated as soon as the said channel has become hot. In the side walls is formed a
heating arrangement furnished with vertical flucs ii &c. and so constructed that
gas is introduced at the top through a pipe into a flue i, this gas being burned
below with the air previously heated, while the products of combustion are con-
veyed through the flues ii, connected at & with the first flue i, into the large flue or
chimney so as to heat the side walls. These flues are arranged throughout the
whole length of the walls and on both sides thereof.
In the main channel are introduced through the open doors four trucks 1234
moving upon the rails e e and connected at their lower parts and ends so as to be
fairly air tight. These trucks are further coated with fire clay and on the sides of
the iron bottom m are two longitudinal strips n which dip into the sand boxes
already described, the above mentioned main channel d being thus divided in two
halves, an upper and a lower half, by the bottom of the said truck. Upon the
bottom of each truck there is built a thin insulating layer serving to keep the heat
away from such bottom.
Upon the covering p of this insulating layer are built two channels ss leading
from one end of the truck to the other and formed by means of three longitudinal
partitions of fireproof stone yyy across which is laid a stone grating ?.
Upon the back end of eack truck, the two channels ss can be closed by two
The truck
dampers tt, the latter being raised from below by means of screws u u.
is provided, besides these dampers, with plates vv of refractory material, which can
be raised and lowered in and removed from the uprights or supports ww. Upon

page_text: the back wall of each truck which is above the dampers tt aforesaid, another
damper a passing through the arch of the main channel can be dropped, so as to
form as many enclosed spaces in this channel as there are trucks to be pushed
through them.
=
The dampers tt and xx may also be arranged in such a manner as to connect
each two trucks some below at t and adjacent ones above at e (in the drawing 1 and 2
are shewn connected below, 2 and 3 above, and 3 and 4 below). Over the
carriage 1 in the main channel there is arranged a gas exhausting device of the
well known kind. When the latter is operated after the trucks have been
previously filled with coals and the flues i and ii have been heated, the air and the
gases will be removed from No. 1. These are replaced by gases proceeding
from No. 2 through the grating and damper from No. 3 over the truck edges, and
lastly from No. 4 likewise through the grate and damper.
As the coking of the coal progresses most quickly in No. 4 it is the first to be
freed from gases.
The gases must however pass over the coals of 321 and
promote the gas extraction whilst converting the carbonic acid which may be
present there into carbonic oxide gas, so that a good gas can be drawn out of No. 1,
containing a mixture of tar, ammonia, and other valuable products of distillation
which can be separated from one another and utilized by adjoining apparatus not
shewn in the drawing. In ovens where the object is to obtain quantities of heating
or burning gases in preference to lighting gas, the introduction of the products of
combustion formed in the flues iii through the coke of the 4th compartment
should be provided for, and with this view separate upper flues y y should be
arranged to lead directly from the flues i to the heating chambers a and b. The
entrance of these gases of combustion would accelerate the coking operation in
No. 4, while being converted on their passage through the coals of Nos. 3 2 and 1
into carbonic oxide gas and hydrogen with which would be mixed in all cases a
little nitrogen. This nitrogen however has no influence whenever gas is used
for manufacturing purposes but would be injurious in the case of lighting gas
production.
When truck 4 is thoroughly well coked, the doors are opened, the dampers drawn
the exhaustion is stopped, and a fresh truck is introduced at 1, in such a manner as
to force truck 4 out. The doors are now closed again, the dampers put back in
their normal position, and the exhausting restarted.
Beyond the truck which has just been pushed out upon a platform, one of which
is arranged at each end, is fixed an iron receptacle into which the truck is tilted
and its contents discharged, the truck being subsequently moved further on and
refilled as soon as sufficiently cooled.
The coke oven above described and shewn and its mode of operating make it
chiefly applicable for glass or smelting furnaces, pottery kilns, and the like, as the
gas produced, only a small quantity of which is used to heat the main channels that
is to say for coking purposes, can be utilized in these various works, while the coke,
tarry products, ammoniacal liquids, or in the case of wood distillation, the wood tar
and vegetable acids obtained which are of the best quality, will very nearly cover
the cost of the process if they do not even leave a surplus. The improved oven is
particularly suitable for periodical use or when shifting from one place to another,
as all the parts can be rapidly taken to pieces and erected again in another place.
Dated this 21st day of March 1890.
EDWARDS & Co.,
35, Southampton Buildings, London, Agents for the Applicant.

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Coke Ovens, and in the method of using
the same.
A communication to me from abroad by FRANZ STROEHMER, of Dresden, in the
Empire of Germany, Engineer.
I, EDMUND EDWARDS, of the firm of Edwards and Co., Patent Agents and
Engineers, of 35, Southampton Buildings, Chancery Lane, in the County of
Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner
the same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement and accompanying drawing, that is to say :-
In the accompanying drawings
Figure 1 is a vertical longitudinal section through the centre of a coke oven
constructed according to this invention on the line CD, Fig. 2.
Figure 2 is a vertical transverse section of the same, the left half thereof being a
section on the line A. B, and the right half a section on the line EF of Fig. 1
respectively.
Figure 3 is a sectional plan of the same, the upper half being a section on
line G H and the lower half a top view.
The invention comprises one or more walled-in channels, two of which ab are
shewn in the drawing, and are provided along the whole of their length with
rails e, e, forming a track and resting upon a ledge or recess formed in the wall.
Upon another and higher recess or ledge are arranged above these rails and on both
sides thereof two iron boxes e, e, which are filled up with dry sand.
Between the rails a deep passage is sunk. Each channel can be closed by means
of a pair of folding doors, furnished with a refractory lining as high as the rails.
The air has free access below, while the channel is closed at the top, being covered
with a fireproof arch. Above the arch are arranged a set of air pipes g, g, the air
circulating therein being previously heated as soon as the said channel has
become hot.
In the side walls is formed a heating arrangement furnished with vertical flues i, i,
and so constructed that gas is introduced at the top through a pipe into a flúe i,
this gas being burned below with the air previously heated, while the products of
combustion are conveyed through the flues i, i, connected at with the first flue i
into the large flue or chimney so as to heat the side walls. These flues are
arranged throughout the whole length of the walls and on both sides thereof.
In the main channel are introduced through the open doors four trucks 1, 2, 3, 4,
moving upon the iron rails e, e, and connected at their lower parts and ends so as to
be fairly air-tight. These trucks are further coated with fireclay, and on the sides
of the iron bottom are two longitudinal strips n which dip into the said boxes
already described, the above mentioned main channel d being thus divided in two
halves, an upper and a lower half, by the bottom of the said truck. Upon the
bottom of each truck there is built a thin insulating layer serving to keep the heat
away from such bottom.
"
Upon the covering of this insulating layer are built two channels 5, 5, leading
from one end of the truck to the other and formed by means of three longitudinal
partitions of fireproof stone g. 4, 7, across which is laid a stone grating r.
Upon the back end of each truck the two channels 5, 5, can be closed by two
dampers t, t, the latter being raised from below by means of screws u, u.
The truck
is provided besides these dampers with plates r, e, of refractory material which can
be raised and lowered in and removed from the uprights or supports w, w. Upon
the back wall of each truck which is above the dampers t, t, aforesaid, another
damper, passing through the arch of the main channel can be dropped down,
so as to form as many enclosed spaces in this channel as there are trucks to be
pushed through them. The dampers t, t, and a, a, may also be arranged in such
a manner as to connect cach two trucks some below.att and adjacent ones above

page_text: ata (in the drawings 1 and 2 are shewn connected below, 2 and 3 above, and 3
and 4. below). Over the carriage 1 in the main channel there is arranged a gas
exhausting device of the well known kind. When the latter is operated after
the trucks have been previously filled with coals and the flues and i, i, have
been heated, the air and the gases will be removed from No. 1. These are
replaced by gases proceeding from No. 2 through the grating and damper
from No. 3 over the truck edges, and lastly from No. 4 likewise through the
grate and damper.
As the coking of the coal progresses most quickly in No. 4 it is the first to
be freed from gases. The gases must however pass over the coals of 3, 2, and 1
and promote the gas extraction while converting the carbonic acid which may
be present there into carbonic oxide gas, so that a good gas can be drawn out
of No. 1, containing a mixture of tar, ammonia, and other valuable products of
distillation which can be separated from one another and utilized by adjoining
apparatus not shewn in the drawing. In ovens where the object is to obtain
quantities of heating or burning gases in preference to lighting gas, the intro-
duction of the products of combustion formed in the flues i, i, i, through the coke
of the 4th compartment should be provided for, and with this view separate
upper flues, should be arranged to lead directly from the flues to the
heating chambers a and b. The entrance of these gases of combustion would
accelerate the coking operation in No. 4, while being converted on their passage
through the coals of Nos. 3, 2, and 1, into carbonic oxide gas and hydrogen with
which would be mixed in all cases a little nitrogen. This nitrogen however has
no influence whenever gas is used for manufacturing purposes, but would be
injurious in the case of lighting gas production.
When truck 4 is thoroughly well coked, the doors are opened, the dampers
drawn, the exhaustion is stopped, and a fresh truck is introduced at 1 in such a
manner as to force truck 4 out. The doors are now closed again, the dampers put
back in their normal position, and the exhausting restarted.
Beyond the truck which has just been pushed out upon a platform, one of which
is arranged at each end, is fixed an iron receptacle into which the truck is tilted
and its contents discharged, the truck being subsequently moved further on and
refilled as soon as sufficiently cooled.
The coke oven above described and shewn and its mode of operation make it
chiefly applicable for glass or smelting furnaces, pottery kilns, and the like, as the
gas produced, only a small quantity of which is used to heat the main channels that
is to say for coking purposes, can be utilized in these various works while the coke,
tarry products, ammoniacal liquids or in the ease of wood distillation, the wood tar
and vegetable acids obtained which are of the best quality, will very nearly cover
the cost of the process if they do not even leave a surplus. The improved oven is
particularly suitable for periodical use or when shifting from one place to another, as
all the parts can be rapidly taken to pieces and erected again in another place.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is
1. The coke oven herein described and shewn having the following peculiar
features, that is to say:
a) The truck upon which the coking takes place.
6) The channel extending over the same and remaining uniformly hot.
c) The arrangement of dampers which can be operated from the top and from
the bottom all substantially as described and shewn.
2. The entire mode of operation, hereinbefore described, consisting of:
a) The insertion of fresh material and removal of the coke or charcoal which
are produced, in the same place.
b) The continuous exhausting of gas and bye products at one point from all
the four coke or coal divisions..

page_text: c) The cooling of the hot coke or charcoal at a convenient place which is
facilitated by moving the truck away.
d) The loading of the truck with fresh coal or wood which can be carefully laid
and rammed down.
e) The acceleration of the process by the introduction of the products of
combustion in the hot channels through the coals which are being coked,
and the production of quantities of heating gases thereby, all substantially as
herein described.
Dated this 20th dox of December 1890
EDWARDS & Co.,
35, Southampton Buildings, London, Agents for the Applicant.