IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR REELING AND TESTING PAPER OR OTHER MATERIALS, AND IN APPARATUS THEREFOR"
Year: 1880

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Peter Lowe, of Darwen, in the County of Lancaster,
Engineer, for an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR REELING
AND TESTING PAPER OR OTHER MATERIALS, AND IN APPARATUS THEREFOR"
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Peter Lowe at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 24th September 1880.
PETER LOWE, of Darwen, in the County of Lancaster, Engineer.
"IMPROVEMENTS
IN MACHINERY FOR REELING AND TESTING PAPER OR OTHER MATERIALS, AND
IN APPARATUS THEREFOR."
My improvement relates to machines used for the purpose of reeling paper or
other analogous materials. The paper or material requiring to be reeled is placed
at the end of the machine; the centre which carries the roll is supported in pedestals
or fixings on the frame-sides of the machine; the paper or material is drawn from
the roll over a roller or cylinder of suitable metal, whence it passes under a
vibrating roller attached to the friction brake, to a roller which guides the paper or
material to the blades for cutting the paper or material to the desired width,
when it is reeled onto a centre at the opposite end of the machine in a finished
state.
My improvement consists of an effectual self-acting tension regulator, the motion
being obtained by a friction brake attached to a weighted lever or other equivalents,
to which the tension is transmitted by means of arms or levers to a vibrating roller
riding on the surface of the paper or material being reeled, by which the action of
the brake is increased or diminished by the degree of resistance offered to the
vibrating roller, thereby requiring no attention whatever, as the resistance conveyed
by the tightening of the paper or material being reeled adjusts the brake to the
exact pressure with greater regularity than can possibly be obtained by the most
constant observance and manipulation of the old brake as used in existing reeling
machines.
Should the paper or other analogous material which is being reeled become
Black through the reel having too-little brake on, the weighted lever or other
equivalents will cause the vibrating roller which rides on the paper or material
being reeled to fall in a radial line from its centre, which movement will rectify the

page_text: slackness at once by increasing the pressure on the brake, and vica-versa, when
the paper or material is held too tight by excessive application of the brake from
any cause whatever. The paper or material requiring to be reeled may be
subjected to any desired tension with unerring regularity, by simply adjusting the
weighted lever or other equivalents which act direct on the brake.
In addition to the advantage of dispensing with the uncertain application
possible with the ordinary brake, the paper or other analogous material being
reeled is subjected to an even and calculable pressure, thus securing with absolute
certainty, when applied to web printing paper, that nothing is reeled into the web
below the strength required at the printing machine, where breaks arising from
weak untested paper are such a great loss and annoyance, especially when in the
hurry of going to press at the latest possible moment.
To the weighted lever or other equivalents I apply a lever for simple and
complete control by hand, thus affording the advantage of temporarily suspending
to any degree the self-regulation motion.
The advantages obtained by my improvements are as follows:-
They guarantee a uniform strength of paper or other material after it has been
reeled.
No loss from breakage of paper when in the printing machine through being
weak and untested.
Time and labor saved through paper being tested_before_being_utilized for
printing.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Peter Lowe in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 8th March 1881.
PETER LOWE, of Darwen, in the County of Lancaster, Engineer. "IMPROVEMENTS
IN MACHINERY FOR REELING AND TESTING PAPER OR OTHER MATERIALS, AND
IN APPARATUS THEREFOR."
My improvement relates to machines used for the purpose of reeling paper or
other analogous materials. The paper or material requiring to be reeled is placed
at the end of the machine; the centre which carries the roll is supported in pedestals
or fixings on the frame-sides of the machine; the paper or material is drawn from
the roll over a roller or cylinder of suitable metal, whence it passes under a
vibrating roller attached to the friction brake, to a roller which guides the paper or
material to the blades for cutting the paper or material to the desired width when
it is reeled on a centre at the opposite end of the machine in a finished state.
My improvement consists of an effectual self-acting tension regulator, the motion
being obtained by a friction brake attached to a weighted lever or other equivalents,
to which the tension is transmitted by means of arms or levers to a vibrating
roller riding on the surface of the paper or material being reeled, by which the
action of the brake is increased or diminished by the degree of resistance offered to
the vibrating roller, thereby requiring no attention whatever, as the resistance
conveyed by the tightening of the paper or material being reeled adjusts the
brake to the exact pressure with greater regularity than can possibly be obtained
by the most constant observance and manipulation of the old brake as used in
existing reeling machines.
Should the paper or other analogous material which is being reeled become
slack, through the reel having too-little brako on, the weighted lever or other
equivalents will cause the vibrating roller which rides on the paper or material
being reeled to fall in a radial line from its centre, which movement will rectify
the slackness at once by increasing the pressure on the brake, and vice versa, when
the paper or material is held too-tight by excessive application of the brake from
any cause whatever. The paper or material requiring to be reeled may be
subjected to any desired tension with unerring regularity, by simply adjusting the
weighted lever or other equivalents which act direct on the brake.
In addition to the advantage of dispensing with the uncertain application
possible with the ordinary brake, the paper or other analogous material being
reeled is subjected to an even and calculable pressure, thus securing with absolute
certainty, when applied to "web" printing paper, that nothing is reeled into the
"web" below the strength required at the printing machine, where breaks arising
from weak untested paper are such a great loss and annoyance, especially when in
the hurry of going to press at the latest possible moment.
To the weighted lever or other equivalents I apply a lever for simple and
complete control by hand, thus affording the advantage of temporarily suspending
to any degree the self-regulating motion.
In order that my Invention may be fully understood and readily carried into
operation, I will now proceed to describe the accompanying Drawings, reference
being made to the Figures and letters marked thereon.
Fig. 1 is a front elevation of an ordinary paper “reeling” machine, with my
improved self-acting tension regulator applied.
Fig. 2 is an end view of the same, and Fig. 3 is a plan.
Fig. 4 is an enlarged part front elevation of the machine showing more fully my
improvements.
Fig. 5 is an enlarged end view of my improvements applied to the "feed" end
of the "reeling" machine

page_text: The paper or other material requiring to be reeled is placed on the shaft R,
which is supported in the pedestals or fixings U from the framing I at the "feed"
end of the machine, after which it is drawn over the carrying roller B (as shewn in
dotted line K, which represents the paper), then under the riding or vibrating
roller C, which puts the pressure on the paper or other material to test the strength
thereof, and give the necessary tension required in connection with the brake
apparatus. The riding or vibrating roller C revolves on a centre which is carried
and supported by the arms or levers H which sit on the shaft X, on the end of
which are the brake levers E and E¹.
Should the paper or other analogous material which is being reeled become slack, 1
through the reel or roll A having too little brake on, the weighted lever E¹ will
cause the vibrating or riding roller C to fall in a radial line from its centre X,
which will immediately take up the slackness of the paper, at the same time increase
the pressure on the brake pulley F with the brake band or belt F' on it, which is
connected to the lever E, thus retarding the speed of the roll of unreeled 1
paper A through the wheel W on brake shaft or centre Y, and the wheel W on
reel shaft R.
If the paper is held too tight by the application of too much brake, the riding or
vibrating roller C will rise in a radial line from its centre X, thereby taking the
pressure off the brake F by the brake band F being released by the backward
movement of the lever- E, at the same time diminishing the brake power on the
roll A through the wheels W and W.
After the paper or other material has passed the vibrating or riding roller C it
passes over the guiding roller D-to-the-knives-Land_M, which cut the paper or
other material to the desired-width, after which it passes over the roller Nin-a-
finished state on to the roll O, which is supported and carried on the-shaft-S-by-
the levers P, the roll O being driven by friction from the drum T which receives
its motion from the driving pullies V fastened on its centre.
The tension on the paper or other materials is regulated by the weights J on the
rod G, which is attached to the lever E¹ and acts direct on the brake, the tension
being transmitted to the paper or other materials by the riding or vibrating
roller C and the arms or levers H, by which action the brake is increased or
diminished by the amount of resistance offered to the riding or vibrating roller C.
This self-acting tension regulator requires no attention whatever, after being
adjusted to the strength required, as the resistance conveyed by the tightening of
the paper or other material being reeled adjusts the brake to the exact pressure
required.
The top end of the lever E is provided with a handle so as to enable the attendant
to have the advantage of suspending to any degree the self-acting tension regulator
if necessary.
The riding or vibrating roller C can be made of wood or any metallic material
as desired, according to the kind of material requiring to be reeled.
It is evident from the above that many advantages will be obtained, such as,-
Guaranteeing a uniform strength of paper or other material after it has been
reeled.
No loss from breakage of paper when in the printing machine through being
weak and untested.
Time and labor saved through paper being tested before being utilized for
printing.
From the regularity of the strain upon the paper or other material a much
greater speed can be used when reeling is being performed.
Liability to breakage whilst reeling is greatly diminished owing to the evenness
of speed and tension, thus effecting a great saving of waste in paper, as well as
time.
Having thus stated the nature of my Invention and described the mode of
performing the same, I would have it understood that I do not confine myself
to the precise details or configuration of the parts I have described and shewn,

page_text: as the same may be varied or modified without departing from the principle of my
Invention, but that what I claim and desire to be secured to me by Letters
Patent it,-
The use and employment of the riding or vibrating roller C and radial arms H,
5 in combination with the brake apparatus, for regulating the tension, and testing
the strength of the paper or other materials while being reeled, applied and operating
substantially as and for the purposes herein set forth.
In witness whereof, I, the said Peter Lowe, have hereunto set my hand and
seal, this Fourth day of March, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight
hundred and eighty one.
PETER LOWE. (L.S.)