IMPROVE MENTS IN LOCOMOTIVE ENGINES AND CARRIAGES FOR COMMON ROADS AND TRAMWAYS, AND ALSO FOR AGRICULTURAL AND OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1865

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Alexander Richard Mackenzie, of the City of
Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, for the Invention of "IMPROVE
MENTS IN LOCOMOTIVE ENGINES AND CARRIAGES FOR COMMON ROADS AND
TRAMWAYS, AND ALSO FOR AGRICULTURAL AND OTHER PURPOSES."
Sealed the 15th September 1865, and dated the 20th March 1865.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Alexander Richard'
Mackenzie at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his
Petition, on the 20th March 1865.
>
I, ALEXANDER RICHARD MACKENZIE, of the City of Manchester, in the
County of Lancaster, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
IMPROVEMENTS IN LOCOMOTIVE ENGINES AND CARRIAGES FOR COMMON ROADS
AND TRAMWAYS, AND ALSO FOR AGRICULTURAL AND OTHER PURPOSES," to be as
follows:-
This Invention consists in various improved arrangements in connec
tion with steam or other engines for driving omnibuses, carriages; fire
and traction engines, agricultural machines, and other locomotive purposes
When steam is employed I fix one or more boilers to the framework of the
vehicle, and convey the steam to one or more cylinders placed vertically, hori-
[Price 8d.]

page_text: zontally, or diagonally, or use oscillating cylinders for imparting motion to a
cross shaft divided into two or more parts, and provided with two clutch boxes
ofanyknown construction. The shaft work sin any suitable number of bearings,
and carries two chain drums, communicating by means of chains with other
drums fixed to the naves of the hind or driving wheels. The said wheels
revolve upon a fixed axle attached to the framework in any well known
manner, and either wheel can be disconnected from the motive power by
shifting the clutch boxes as hereafter described. The lock or fore carriage
carries a vertical shaft, to which is fixed a toothed segment having geared
into it a pinion fixed to a hand wheel for enabling the vehicle to be steered
either to the right or left. To the said vertical shaft is fixed a crank carrying
a connecting rod having forked ends for working the clutch levers, so that as
the steersman turns the segment for turning the vehicle, one or other of the
clutches is thrown out of gear, thereby enabling the vehicle to be turned in
the radius of its own length. I also employ a break to both of the driving
wheels worked by the foot of the driver or conductor at one or both ends of
the vehicle, the levers which work the breaks working in connection with the
handle or lever which shuts off the steam, and when required I employ
either spur or friction gearing for diminishing speed and increasing
power.
Secondly, I employ any suitable form of boiler or generator, but instead of
using a vertical chimney I cause the gases arising from combustion to pass
through one or more down flues below the framework, and cover the ends of
the flues where open to the atmosphere by wire gauze or perforated slates;
I also employ a moveable ash-pan which can be raised or depressed at
pleasure for the purpose of regulating the draught of air to the furnace
Instead of allowing the exhaust steam to pass direct to the atmosphere I.
convey it to one or more closed receptacles to be condensed, and afterwards
pump the water of condensation into the boiler to be again converted into
steam, and when these arrangements are applied to omnibuses I employ the
condensing vessels or chambers for warming purposes.
When compressed air or other motive power is used instead of steam I
employ toothed chains and chain wheels for turning the hind or drivingwheels
of the vehicle, and employ similar arrangements for turning and stopping to
those before described.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Alexander Richard Mackenzie in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 20th September 1865.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, ALEXANDER
RICHARD MACKENZIE, of the City of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twentieth day of March, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-five, in the twenty-eighth year
of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant
unto me, the said Alexander Richard Mackenzie, Her special licence that I,
the said Alexander Richard Mackenzie, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, or such others as I; the said Alexander Richard Mackenzie, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no
others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein
expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within
the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and
Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN LOCOMOTIVE ENGINES AND
CARRIAGES FOR COMMON ROADS AND TRAMWAYS, AND ALSO FOR AGRICULTURAL AND
OTHER PURPOSES," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said
Alexander Richard Mackenzie, my executors or administrators, by an instru-
ment in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should
particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in
what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed
in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Alexander Richard Mackenzie, do
hereby declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement (that is to say):-
This Inventionconsists, first, in various improvedarrangements in connection
with steam or other engines for driving omnibuses, carriages, fire and traction
engines, agricultural machines, and other locomotive purposes; and secondly,
in certain improvements in connection with the boiler or boilers, and in the
application of the exhaust steam.
When steam is employed I fix one or more boilers to the framework of
the vehicle, and convey the steam to one or more cylinders placed vertically,
horizontally, or diagonally, or use oscillating cylinders for imparting motion

page_text: to a cross shaft divided into three parts, and provided with two clutch boxes
of any known construction. The shaft works in any suitable number of
bearings, and carries two chain wheels or drums communicating by means
of chains with other chain wheels or drums fixed to the naves of the hind or
driving wheels. The said hind wheels revolve upon a fixed axle attached to
the framework in any well known manner, and either wheel can be discon-
nected from the motive power by putting its corresponding clutch box out of
gear. To the lock or fore carriage is fixed a toothed wheel or segment com-
municating by gearing with a hand or steering wheel for enabling the vehicle
to be steered either to the right or left, and for shifting the clutch boxes out
of gear there are two levers which are moved as required by the driver or
steersman, so that when the toothed wheel or segment is turned for turning
the vehicle, one or other of the clutches could be thrown out of gear, and
thereby enable the vehicle to be turned in the radius of its own length.
This part of the Invention will be clearly understood by referring to the
figures and letters on the accompanying Sheet of Drawings, in which Fig. 1
is a longitudinal elevation of an omnibus provided with the before-mentioned
improvements, and Fig. 2 a plan of the same with the top removed, it being
understood that similar arrangements, modified to suit the circumstances, can
be applied to carriages, fire and traction engines, agricultural machines, and
other locomotive purposes.
a represents the main framework of the omnibus; b, the external casing;
c, the fore wheels; and d, the hind or driving wheels. The boilers are shewn
at e, Fig. 2, from which boilers the steam passes to the oscillating cylinders
for giving motion to a cross shaft by means of the connecting rods. 9 and
cranks h. The said cross shaft is divided into three parts i, k, l, working in
suitable bearings, and provided with two clutch boxes m, n; to the parts k, l,
are fixed chain wheels o communicating by chains p with chain wheels rfixed
to the naves of the hind or driving wheels d placed loose upon the axles fixed
to the framework a. The fore wheels c work on the axle t held to the lock
or fore carriage u, to which is fixed the toothed wheel or segment v, gearing
into the pinion w, the shaft of which carries the bevil wheel a gearing into
the bevil pinion y fixed to the shaft z carrying the hand or steering wheel a¹.
The two arms of each clutch lever are shewn at 61, c¹, the arms c¹ being
attached to springs d', and in connection with both of the hind or driving
wheels I employ brakes worked by the foot of the driver or conductor, the
levers which work the brakes working in connection with the handle or
lever connected to the valve for supplying or shutting off the steam. The
two cranks h are at right angles with each other, and when the fore wheels

page_text: are in the position for leading the vehicle in a straight direction the two
clutch boxes are in gear, but if the vehicle has to be turned one of the clutches
is out of gear.
When steam is supplied to the cylinders the pistons and
connecting rods cause the cross shaft and hind wheels to revolve so as to
propel the vehicle either forwards or backwards as desired, and when the
vehicle has to be turned to the right or left, the steersman turns the hand
wheel and shifts the fore wheels as required, and at the same time acts upon
the clutch lever and clutch of the inner curve so as to throw the clutch on
that side out of gear for the purpose of enabling the hind wheel on that side
to be disconnected from the driving power, and cause no obstruction to the
free working of the wheel on the other side, and when the pressure is removed
from the clutch lever its corresponding spring puts the clutch box in gear,
and it is evident that when required both clutches can be thrown out of gear
and assist the brakes for the sudden stoppage of the vehicle. In some cases
instead of working the clutch levers by the hand or body of the driver or
steersman, I work them by a crank, cam, or heart wheel fixed to the vertical
shaft which carries the pinion w. Or I employ two cams one for each clutch
lever, and connect the cams by toothed gearing with the aforesaid vertical
shaft.
In the second part of my Invention relating to boilers and the application
of the exhaust steam, I employ one or more boilers or generators of any form
or arrangement, but instead of using a vertical chimney I cause the gases
arising from combustion to pass through one or more down flues below the
framework, and cover the ends of the flues where open to the atmosphere by
wire gauze or perforated plates, and I also employ a moveable ash pan which
can be raised or depressed at pleasure for the purpose of regulating the
draught of air to the furnace or furnaces. Instead of allowing the exhaust
steam to pass direct to the atmosphere I convey it to one or more closed
receptacles to be condensed, and afterwards pump the water of condensation
into the boiler to be again converted into steam, and when these arrangements
are applied to omnibuses I employ the condensing vessels or chambers for
warning purposes.
When compressed air or other motive power is used instead of steam I
employ toothed chains and chain wheels for turning the hind or driving
wheels of the vehicle, and use similar arrangements for turning and stopping
to those before described; and for agricultural and other machines travelling
at a slow speed and worked by steam or compressed air I employ either spur
or friction gearing for diminishing speed and increasing power.
Having now described the nature and particulars of my said Invention, and

page_text: the manner in which the same is to be performed, I desire it to be understood
that I claim the improvements in locomotive engines and carriages for
common roads and tramways, and also for agricultural and other purposes, as
herein described and illustrated in the accompanying Sheet of Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said Alexander Richard Mackenzie have
hereunto set my hand and seal, this Twenty-fourth day of July, in
the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-five.
ALEXANDER RICHARD MACKENZIE. (L.S.)