IMPROVEMENTS FOR SPINNING AND TWISTING SILK AND WOOL, AND FOR ROVING, SPINNING, AND TWISTING COTTON, FLAI, HEMP, AND OTHER FIBROUS. SUBSTANCES
Year: 1830

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, FRANCIS
MOLYNEUX, of Hampstead, in the County of Middlesex, Gentleman, and
WILLIAM BUNDY, of Kentish Town, in the same County, Merchanist, send
greeting.
WHEREAS His most Excellent Majesty King William the Fourth, by
His Royal Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing
date at Westminster the Twenty-first day of September, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and thirty, in the first year of His reign,
did, for Himself, His heirs and successors, give and grant unto us, the said
Francis Molineux and William Bundy, that we, the said Francis Molineux
and William Bundy, our executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others
as we, the said Francis Molineux and William Bundy, should at any time
agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times during the term
of years therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within England, Wales, and the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, our In-
vention of "IMPROVEMENTS FOR SPINNING AND TWISTING SILK AND WOOL, AND FOR
ROVING, SPINNING, AND TWISTING COTTON, FLAI, HEMP, AND OTHER FIBROUS.
SUBSTANCES;" in which said Letters Patent there is contained a proviso
obliging us, the said Francis Molineux and William Bundy, by an instrument
in writing under our hands and seals, particularly to describe and ascertain
the nature of our said improvements, and in what manner the same are to be
performed, and to cause the same to be inrolled in His Majesty's High Court

page_text: of Chancery within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of
the said part recited Letters Patent, as in and by the same, reference being
thereunto had, will moro fully and at large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, we, the said
Francis Molineux and William Bundy, do hereby declare the nature of our
said Invention, and the manner in which the same is to be performed, is de-
scribed and set forth in the following description thereof, and in the Drawings
hereto annexed, that is to say:
Figures 1, 1 A, and 1 B, and 2, represent our improved arrangement of
the spindle and flyer applicable in the process of spinning various fibrous
materials, which improvement combines in its operation the soundness and
firmness of the throstle with the fineness and delicacy of the mule.
Figures 1 and 1 A represent a spindle nearly similar to a throstle
spindle. a is a disk or plate of iron or other suitable material fixed on the
spindle at a suitable distance for the bobbin 6 to rest on, which may be made
of wood or any other proper substance; c, c, c, represent a flyer inverted in
position, and which may be made of any suitable dimensions; d, d, represent
the flanches of a collar attached to the flyer, through which the spindle is
allowed to pass, so as to admit of its revolving freely; c, c, represent two tem-
pering springs of steel, which are so placed as to bear against the collar d, d,
with a pressure which may be regulated by the action of the screws h, h. The
tempering springs e, e, are attached to the traversing railf,f, by a plate of
iron, as seen at i, by which means the flyer may be elevated and depressed by
any of the ordinary modes of producing a traversing motion on the spindle, for
the purpose of regularly filling the bobbin as the operation proceeds. 9 is a
pully of the usual form by which the spindle and flyer are put in motion.
Figure 1B represents an edge and sectional view of the tempering springs,
by which their application is more distinctly seen; the same letters represent
the same things as in Figures 1 and 1 A. In this our improved arrangement
of the spindle and flyer, the tempering springs e, o, being made to press more
or less forcibly against the collar or flanches of the flyer d, d, the speed or
motion of the flyer is proportionably retarded, and is thus adjusted or tempered
to suit the degree of retardation required for finer or coarser yarns; this object
may either be effected by springs in the manner above described, or the
retardation may be produced by any other convenient method of applying
friction to the collar of the flyer. In this our improved arrangement the
bobbin is fixed on the spindle, and is moved with the same speed as the spindle,
which is essential in our improved method of spinning. The mode of operation
above described possesses advantages over all methods heretofore in practice

page_text: for adjusting the speed so as to admit of the yarn spun being coiled or wrapped
on the bobbin without any injurious tension or strain. To effect this important
object it is only necessary to produce a sufficient retardation of the speed of
the flyer by the application of friction, as before described, by which means
the flyer when in motion will adapt itself to the exact speed required. This
our improvement is applicable to any series of spindles, which may, without any
material alteration of the other parts of the machine, be placed in any throstle
or water frame of the usual construction for spinning cotton, or any of the
machines for spinning worsted or woollen yarn, flax, or silk may be adapted to
receive our improved arrangement of the spindle and flyer with but little
trouble or expence.
Figure 2. a represents a fixed spindle of iron or other suitable material,
which passes through the bobbin b, and the tube t, to which the bobbin is
fixed; d, d, represents a collar attached to the pully g; e represents a thin
plate of iron screwed to the traversing bar v, v, and connected to the
frame ff, by which the bobbin is moved up and down in any of the usual
modes for regularly filling during the operation; ff, is a wood frame in which
the spindle h may be fixed or inserted and screwed firmly by the nut n; c, c, c,
is a flyer, as in Figure 1; s is a spring on the spindle a, which is formed into
a screw at the top, and which spring being pressed by the nut m on the collar
of the flyer, the motion of the flyer will be retarded in the proportion required,
which retardation will be increased or diminished by the action of the nut m.
In this our improved arrangement of the spindle and flyer we claim as our
Invention the application of a flyer fitted loosely upon a spindle, and arranged
in such manner as to admit of the application of friction, by the action of
springs or otherwise, to govern the speed of the flyer according to the degree
of tension required for regularly filling the bobbin, which is adapted to and
revolves with the spindle.
Figure 3, and Figures 3 A and 3 B, represent an improved apparatus for
spinning cotton or other fibrous material, and which we term a centrifugal
spindle. Figure 3 represents a centrifugal spindle adapted to spin coarse
yards or threads, and Figure 3 A represents the same arrangement, but adapted
to spin finer yarns or threads; in each Figure the same letters represent the
same things.
Figure 3 A. ff.ff, represent a frame made of any convenient substance
having a whirl or pulley fixed to at h, for the purpose of carrying the frame
by the action of a band round the spindle a, a, which is fastened to a wooden
frame. On the top of the spindle is fixed a wheel bevelled round the circum-*
ference, with a bevil corresponding with that of the wheel c, which is also

page_text: bevelled, and is firmly fixed to the arbor d at d, having a pivot at either end
of the arbor of sufficient length to allow it to play endways in the frame, so as
to allow the two bevel wheels to come in contact when in action; the arbor is
destined to carry the bobbin c, e, c, to be made of wood or other proper material,
which should fit loosely on the arbor; w is a nut screwed up to a shoulder on
the arbor D, having end play of the bobbin, which is not to be confined on the
arbor. This nut w serves also as a governor, according to its weight, when
screwed on the arbor d; that is to say, when the arbor carrying the bobbin o
and wheel c is suspended on a perpendicular spindle, the nut end of the arbor
should have a bins weight of a few grains; when this adjusted, if the frame bo
made to revolve the certrifugal tendency of the nut end of the arbor will bring
the bevel wheel in contact with the wheel 6, by which means the bevil wheel c
will be made to revolve on its axis round the fixed bevil wheel b. The
bobbin e is held on the arbor d by the friction against the nut w, caused by a
slender spring 1, and when in action the bobbin will be carried round with the
arbor and wheel c, unless the tension of the twisting article should be enough
to overcome the friction against the nut w, caused by the spring 1. In this
caso the spring will require to be set stronger, which may be done by a screw
at m passing through the wheel c, and acting against the spring 1. The
slender spring at n (which acts against the end of the arbor, as seen at d,
Figure 3 A) is to check the recoil which a sudden stop of the twisting motion
would cause, from the collapso of the centrifugal force, thereby throwing the
bobbin off its taking-up action; the spring n should be only of strength
sufficient to keep the bevil wheels in contact whilst out of action, which will
prevent the recoil. 0, 0, as seen in Figuro 3 A, are the two profiles of
two pins of flat metal fixed to the frame f. f. These are designed to act as
preventors when a break down of the yarn occurs, to keep the end of the
yarn from being gathered round the pivot of the arbor, which, if allowed,
would obstruct the free action of the power of the centrifugal force against the
bevel wheel c. The springs 7, 1, as seen at Figure 3 A, are to keep the pivots of
the arbor in their respective places in the arms of the frame. The holes for
these pivots are cut in the direction denoted in Figure 3 B, for the purpose
of putting in and taking out the arbor with the bobbin. The profilo of one
of these springs is seen in Figure 3 B. The centre of the spindle a is to be
placed perpendicually under the delivery of the line, which is to be taken up
at a distance according to the length of the bobbin. The size of the bobbin
in drawing requires about seven inches. The taking up will be assisted in its
distribution on the bobbin by the rod t, as seen in Figure 3 A, and which
rod t is held at each end by the arms of the frame, and does not run parallel

page_text: with the arbor on which the bobbin turns, but it is to form an angle across
according to the twist given to the article; if it be fine yarn (see Figure 3
B) the arms,f, are to be bent to the right, as in the dotted lines, which
shew how much they are to be removed from the perpendicular. If thread
is the article to be taken up, the arms of the frame f. f, must be bent towards
the other side of the perpendicular line; the angle of the rod from the
parallel of the bobbin axis will prevent the twist given to the article from
causing it to ride on the last turn taken up on the bobbin.
In this our application of the centrifugal spindle to the purpose of spinning
fibrous material, we claim as our Invention so much of the arrangement of machi-
nery herein described for the purpose of spinning or twisting as admits of, and
gives effect to, the application of the centrifugal force for the purpose of taking up
yarn or other twisted article while the operation of spinning or twisting proceeds.
Figure 4 and Figure 4 A represent a further improvement in spinning
machinery, which we term a gear spindle, and by which we are enabled to
spin the finest yarns with more certainty and effect. Figure 4 represents a
front view, and Figure 4 A represents a side view, of an improved gear spindle;
and the same letters in each Figure represent the same things, but seen in a
different position. a, a, is a spindle supported by the bearings marked b, b,
which are firmly screwed to a wooden frame. c is a screw accurately cut, and
placed on the top of the spindle a, but fixed to the bearing b, and which screw
takes into and moves the pinion d, cut with concave inclined teeth to
match the screw, thus moving shaft b, which forms the axis of the pinion d.
g is a pin-toothed wheel on the end of the axis e, which takes into and moves
another pin-toothed wheel i, on the end of the axis h; a screw k is cut on the
other end of the axis h, which takes into and moves two angle-toothed wheels
n, n, fixed on the socket x, at the end of the bobbin axis 1, 1, and which axis
has a square end to fit the socket. For the purpose of effecting the change of
the bobbin the screw k, on the end of the shaft h, is made to act upon the
angle-toothed wheels n, n, by the frame f being reduced at the bearing to
permit the contact of the screw with the wheels, and the socket a is kept in
its bearing by the position of the screw k. On the shaft h m is a bobbin made
of wood or other suitable material. 0, 0, are friction bosses to adjust the fric-
tion against the bobbin. s is a spring to keep the axis of the bobbin in its
proper place. ff, f, is a frame which we call the bobbin frame, made of
brass, to support the axis of the bobbin 1, 1, which frame is fixed to the top of
the spindle a, a, and supports also the pin-wheel shaft h; the lower part of
the frame f, f, is enlarged on the side opposite the shaft e, e, to balance that
shaft and the shaft h with the supporting frame. p is a pulley on the spindle a,

page_text: .
by means of which the whole machinery is put in motion.
8 is a screw to
keep the spindle a, a, in its proper position. In this our improved gear
spindle the moving power is applied to the pully p, which, acting on the spindle
a, a, moves the frame f, f, round the stationary screw c, placed on the top of
the spindle a, and which, by acting upon the pinion d, moves the shaft / and
the pin-toothed wheels g and i, and with the latter the shaft h and the screw
k, and this screw moves the angle-toothed wheels n, n, on the socket of the
bobbin axis I, 1, by which means a motion of the bobbin is produced distinct
from that of the spindle a, a, and the motion of the bobbin thus produced
may by properly adapting the gearing be so adjusted as to insure a regular and
uniform taking up or coiling of the yarn or thread upon it as the operation of
spinning proceeds. In this our improvement a traversing movement is not
required, the action or whirl of the bobbing being sufficient to insure a uni-
formi filling of the same. This, our improved gear spindle, may be placed
horizontally, perpendicularly, or at any angle with the rollers, but we prefer
placing it at an angle of 45°, under which arrangement it receives directly the
fibrous material, drawn to its proper substance by the rollers of the drawing
head, and which is twisted and coiled on the bobbin with uniform regularity.
This our improved gear spindle is particularly adapted to spin fine yarns of the
most delicate texture, greatly superior in evenness and strength to the mule,
the machine usually employed to spin fine numbers, and any convenient num-
ber of our improved gear spindles may be placed in a machine; they will
occupy but little space, and may be put in motion by any convenient arrange-
ment adapted to secure a uniform speed in each of the spindles.
In this our improved gear spindle, we claim as our Invention the above-described
arrangement of machinery or gearing, by which we produce a motion or speed
in the bobbin different from that of the spindle, and so adjusted as to take up the
yarn or thread as it is delivered and twisted during the operation of spinning.
Figure 5 represents our improved gear spindle as applied to roving or spin-
ning cotton, flax, or wool, or other fibrous substances. a, a, is a shaft or
spindle, on the top of which is placed a worm or screw b, fixed fast to the
frame g; the frame o, o, which revolves round the screw, takes into and
moves the pinion c on the shaft d, d. A screw or worme on the shaft d
takes into and moves the pinion g on the bobbin axis h. i, i, is a roving bob-
bin, which is moved by its axis h on the pivot n. m is a lever to facilitate tho
changing of tho bobbin. k, k, is an iron frame. I, I, is a guido rod, into
which is fixed the small pulley, by which the roving is coiled on to the
bobbin. is a brass tube, down which the roving or yarn is conducted to the
pulley m, and to the bobbin i. The whole machinery is put in motion by the

page_text: pulley p. 0, 0, 0, is a frame to support the bobbin i, i, the shaft d, and the
gearing. 9, 9, 9, are parts of a frame in which any convenient number of
these our improved spindles may be placed, each spindle being of similar con-
struction. The moving power is applied to the pulley p, which moves the
frame o, o, o, round the stationary screw b, and this, acting upon the pinion c,
moves the shaft d and the bobbin i by the arrangement of gearing herein-
before described, by properly adapting the proportions of which, the speed of
the bobbin may be adjusted to receive the yarn or roving as it is delivered by
the rollers. The twist is given by the motion of the frame o, o, o, which is
carried round, together with the traversing pulley m, by the operation of the
pulley p, as before described. The traversing is effected by means of the
pulley r, which conducts the yarn or roving to the bobbin, and is
moved up and down by the rod 1, 7, which passes through and revolves with
the spindle a, a, and is acted upon by a heart, or by any of the usual mecha-
nical means for producing a traversing motion.
Figure 6 represents another mode of applying our improved gear spindle to
the operation of spining. a, a, is a shaft or spindle, on the top of which a
worm or screw c, fixed fast to the frame q, is placed, and round which the frame
0, 0, revolves. By this means the screw c moves the pinion 6 on the shaft c.
A worm or screw d, on the shaft c, moves the pinion on the bobbin axis i, i.
k is the bobbin, m is a pulley at the top of the traversing shaft n, which
passes through a tube in the gear spindle a, a, and is moved up and down by
a traversing motion, to be produced in any of the usual modes. 0, 0, repre-
sents a part of the frame which supports the bobbin and gearing. 1.9
represents part of the wooden frame of the machine. p is the pulley to which
the moving power is applied. The method by which this application of our
improved gear spindle is put in motion is nearly similar to that described with
reference to Figure 5. The moving power applied to the pulley p moves the
spindle a, a, and the frame o, o, round the stationary screw c, and which puts
in motion the gearing by which the speed of the bobbin is adjusted, to take up
the yarn as it is produced by the operation of spinning. The yarn or thread
receives its twist from the motion communicated to the frame o, o, by the
screw c, moved by the spindle a, a, and in this arrangement the fibrous mate-
rial descends from the drawing head to the guide pulley m, where it is twisted
and conducted to the bobbin, on which it is regularly wrapped or coiled by the
operation of the usual traversing motion.
Figure 7 represents an improved roving spindle regulated and adjusted by
the application of conical surfaces to take up with the required regularity.
a represents an axis or shaft on which the pulleys p, p, are fixed; the shaft a

page_text: works in a step b. c, c, is a piece of frame supported by columns, as seen in
the Drawing. d is a piece of brass or other suitable material turned to a
conical surface, and fixed fast on the cross or frame or plate c. The frame
e, e, e, placed loosely on the top of the axis, revolves freely on the tube 9. h is
a.bobbin. is a conical wheel made of brass or other material, adapted in its
diameter to suit the speed of the bobbin. The conical wheel i is fixed on the
axis k, which passes through the frame e, c, c, and forms an axis for the bobbin h.
n is a spring by which the pressure of the conical wheel i against the cone d
is regulated. m is a nut operating on the end of the axis k, which is formed
into a screw, and this nut presses upwards against the conical pully to regulate
its position on the shaft k. 8, 3, is a lever by means of which the axis or pin
9 is elevated or depressed to facilitate the change of the bobbin. 7 is a.
traversing rod which is caused to be moved up and down by any of the
ordinary means for producing a traversing motion. t is a pully at the top of
the traversing rod to receive the roving from the tube g, which conducts the
roving to the bobbin h. w, w, represent a frame of wood, which may be of
any construction adapted to receive the conically adjusted spindle. i is a
collar to support the tube g. In this our improved roving spindle for regu-
lating the speed, so as to take up with the required regularity by the
adjustment of conical surfaces, the moving power is applied to one of the
pulloys p, p, which moves the frame e, e, e, round the stationary cone d; the
conical wheel is moved by being pressed against the fixed cone d, which
moves the bobbin h at the required speed, so as to take up the roving as it is
delivered from the drawing head. The twist is given by the motion of the frame
e, e, e, which revolves freely on the axis a and the tube g, which tube conducts
the roving to the pulley t and the bobbin h. Any convenient number of these
conically adjusted spindles may be placed in a roving machine, and put in-
motion by the machinery usually employed.
In this improved roving spindle we claim as our Invention the described ar-
rangement of machinery by which the adjustment of the speed of the bobbin,
so as to take up with the required regularity, is effected by means of conical
surfaces applied to each individual spindle.
Figure 8, and Figure 8 A, represents our further improved machinery for
spinning fine yarns; in each Figure the same letters indicate the same things.
a, a, is a fixed axis to be firmly screwed to the frame b. p is a pully fixed on
the tube g, which tube is fixed to the frame d, d. c, c, is a frame placed
within the frame d, d, to support the shaft 2 and the shaft and pully h. cis
a screw or worm on the top of the axis, around which the frame d, d, moves,
taking into and moving the pinion o. i is a pinion on the shaft. r. which..

page_text: power
is
works the wheel k on the pully shaft h. 1, 1, is a piece of cloth or silk fitted
to the pully h and the pully m. 9, 9, are pins fixed in the cloth 1, 1, which
pass through holes seen in the Drawing and the longitudinal spaces shewn in
the pully m. t, t, is a tube for the yarn to pass through as it descends to the
cloth bobbin 7, 7. vis a piece of frame, which may be extended to receive any
number of these our improved spindles and bobbins. In this our improve-
ment in the application of the gear spindle and the cloth bobbin, the
applied to the pully p, which moves the frame d, d, round the stationary screw
c, and this screw acting upon the pinion o moves the shaft r, the pinion i on
the shaft r acting on the wheel k moves the pulleys h and m, which gave
motion to the cloth bobbin 7, 7, the pins q, q, being fastened to the cloth bobbin
project and take into the open pulley m, by which means a regular and steady
motion of the bobbin is secured, and the pins projecting upwards from the
cloth bobbin form a protection to the yarn to keep it in place during the
operation of spinning; as the yarn is spun it descends from the drawing head
through the tube t, where it is twisted and passes on to the cloth bobbin I, I,
which has a distinct and seperate motion adjusted to ensure a regular take up
of the yarn. This is effected, as in our improved gear spindle, by the ar-
rangement and proper adaption of the gear to produce the rate of speed
required. n, n, n, represents a frame of iron constructed to support on their
axles the pullies m and h, over which the flexible sheet 1, 1, is tightly sus-
pended. is an iron pin which supports and forms the axis of the pully h,
and which axis, being moveable, the successive changes of the flexible sheet
and pullies is effected. The frame n, n, n, is fixed into the frame e at the top
by the pivots 3, y, and the frame n, n, n, is enlarged at the centre w to admit
of its being suspended on a shaft when taken out of the machine, convenient
for reeling or winding off the yarn or thread.
In this our further improved machinery, we claim as our Invention the
application of a cloth bobbin or flexible sheet for the purpose of receiving
the yarn, by means of which the measure of tension consequent upon the
filling of the bobbin in the usual modes of spinning is rendered trifling, and
we claim the described arrangement of machinery for effecting that purpose.
Figure 9 represents our improved machinery for doubling and twisting
cotton, silk, flax, worsted, or woollen yarns or threads. a, a, is a bobbin
placed loosely on the pivots or axis b, b, and on which bobbin has been placed
by winding the silk or yarn intended for the operation of doubling. 8 is a
spring to keep the bobbin in its proper place, and to facilitate the change.
c, c, c, is a frame in which the bobbin pivots are placed, and which frame is
fixed on the tubular spindle d, d, to which the pully p is also fixed: The

page_text: tubular shaft d, d, is moveable on bearings placed on the carriage or plate e, o,
which is screwed to a frame of wood by the screw ff, f. f. t. t, is a tube
through which the yarn or thread descends to be twisted. 9 is a screw fixed
to the carriage e, e, round which the pinion h revolves. The frame i, i, i,
supports the pinion shaft k, k, the pinions h and I, also the wheel m and the
shaft n, n, on which the measwing pulley o is fixed. q is a guiding eye of wire
to receive or conduct the silk or thread to a doubling spindle constructed in the
usual way. In this our improved doubling machine the power is applied to
the pulley p, which puts in motion the tubular shaft d, d, which shaft moves
the frame c, c, c, and the frame i, i, i, i, round the stationary screw g, which
moves the pinions h and 1, the wheel m, and the shaft n, in thus giving a
distinct motion to the measuring pully o, and round which the silk or thread
makes one turn or fold, so that an exact quantity or length of silk or yarn
shall be drawn off the bobbin a, a, so as to receive any required number of
turns or given quantity of twist in a given length, the amount of the twist
being regulated by the action of the measuring pully o, from which it passes
to the guide wire q, and from the guide q to a guiding eye with a moveable
centre part perforated with two or three tubular holes, through which the
several silks or yarns pass previous to their being united in one thread, by the
operation of a doubling and twisting spindle of the usual construction. Two
or three of these our improved measuring and twisting spindles may be
employed at the same time according to the article required, each measuring
and giving an exact twist to their several silks or yarns, which yarns will
all unite after passing the guiding eye and twist into the articlo required
by the usual doubling spindle. Any convenient number of theso our
measuring spindles may be employed in one machine, and they will be found
to produce a superior article in silk and other threads requiring the process of
uniform doubling and twisting.
In this our improved machinery for doubling and twisting, wo claim as our
Invention the application of a distinct measuring roller to each individual
spindle by the described arrangement of machinery, for the purpose of giving
twist to the single yarns, previous to their being united together into threads
or silks.
Figure 10 is another mode of applying our improved machinery for doubling
and twisting. b, b, b, is a frame to support the bobbin, and is fixed to the
tubular shaft c, c, c, c. d is a screw placed on the tube shaft c, c, but fixed to
the frame f.. e, e, e, is a frame of brass, screwed to the end of the tubular
'shaft c, c, and this frame supports the shaft g and h, and also the pinion and
wheel i and k, together with the measuring pulley m. p is a pulley on the

page_text: The bobbin a moves with the
shaft c, c, by means of which the whole is moved. ff. f. f, represent pieces of
a wood frame on which any required number of these our improved measuring
and twisting spindles may be placed or fixed in their bearings.. t, t, is a tube
through which the silk or yarn passes to the measuring pulley m.
This
our improved twisting and doubling machine is moved by the application
of power to the pulley p, which moves the tubular shaft c, c, c, to which
the frame b, b, and the frame e, c, e, arc fixed.
frame b, and the frame e, e, e, moves round the fixed screw d, which moves
simultaneously the pinion i, the shaft g, the wheel k, the shaft h, and the
pully m. The silk or yarn is wrapped on the bobbin a, and passes down the
tube t, t, to the measuring pulley m, by which it is uniformly drawn off the
bobbin, receiving a given quantity of twist in a given length, and is conducted
by the guide n to a doubling and twisting spindle of the usual construction.
Any number of these our improved measuring and twisting spindles may be
used, as the article intended to be made may require. The apparatus described
in Figure 10 exhibits one of the modes of applying the Invention described in
Figure 9.
Figure 11, 12, and 13, represent our further improvements in machinery
for doubling and twisting silk, cotton, or any yarns or threads that require such
operation.
Figure 11 represents a geometrical elevation of our improved bobbin frame,
in which are placed bobbins supplied with silk or yarn, prepared for doubling
by winding on each bobbin a single silk or yarn. Each frame is calculated to
hold six bobbins. a, a, a, represent our improved doubling and twisting
spindle. c, c, c, represent the axles of our improved bobbin frames. d, d, d,
represent the bobbin frame. b, b, b, &c. represent the bobbins placed in the
frames. One of the frames is seen in front, and presents the length of the
bobbins; the other two are seen at the side presenting the bobbin ends.
e, e, e, &c. represent the conducting rollers over which the silk or yarn passes
to be twisted. 9, 9, &c. represent supports, which are attached to the
frame d, d, and in which the conducting rollers c, c, c, &c. are suspended. On
their axles h, h, h, are fixed pivots, on which the axles c, c, c, revolve. f,, is
a plate of brass, or other suitable material, which supports the pivots h, h, h
j,j, represent the bottom plate, in which the tubes i, i, i, are fixed. k, k, are
iron stays or braces to connect the top plate f, f, with the bottom plate j, j.
m is a collar to support the plates and the bobbin frames in their proper place
on the spindle a, a. 1, 1, represent connecting bars or framework, by which
the top frame n, n, is connected with the frame o, o, which supports the
spindle a, a; and the latter is perforated at 'q by the holes or tubes through

page_text: which the silk or yarn passes to the measuring pulley p, fixed on the framer, r
which is connected to the frame o, o, by the braces.s, 8. t is a pulley on the
spindle a, a. v, v, v, are pulleys, one on each of the bobbin frame axles c, c, c.
tu, w, w, is a stationary band, of any suitable material, fastened at one end to
the spring a, and at the other end to the screw y.,, &c. represent a regu-
lating spring fixed to the pivot of the bobbin axis, which, being adjusted by
means of the screw E, E, &c., regulates the friction against the axis to suit
the tensions on the bobbin to the strength or delicacy of the silk or yarn.
Fig. 12 represents the top plate f, f, which shews the relative position of
the bobbin frame axles c, c, c, and the connecting rods k, k, k. w, w, is the
stationary band shewn connected to the spring and the screw y, which
spring and screw may be attached to any convenient part of the stationary
framing.
Fig. 13 represents the ground plan or bottom plate j,j, in which the
guiding tubes i, i, i, are fixed centrally under the bobbin frame d, d, d.
a represents our improved doubling spindle passing through the plnto j, j.
k, k, k, represents the connecting rods by which the plates f, f, and j, j, aro
firmly attached together.
In this our improved twisting and doubling machinery a moving power
is applied to the pulley t, which moves the spindle a, a, to which the plates
ff, and j, j, are fixed, causing the bobbin frames d, d, d, to move on the
axles c, c, c; but the band w, w, w, being stationary, motion is given to
the bobbin frame axles c, c, c, in a direction opposite to that of that of the
spindle a, a, and the plates f, f, and j, j. Single threads of silk, or cotton, or
other material, having been put on the bobbins b, b, b, &c. &c., pass over the
guide rollers c, c, c, &c., and are united together by twisting at the tubes i, i, i,
through which they pass to the conical end 2 of the spindle a, a, and thence
through the perforations or tubes in the cone 7 to the measuring pully p,
round which the silk or threads make one turn or fold to insure a uniform
twist in a given length. From the measuring pulley p, the silk passes to a
detached reel or bobbin, as may be required. Six single threads of silk, onc
from each bobbin, are drawn off from each bobbin frame by the machinery,
and descend to the tube i, and there receive the intended twist from the
operation of the stationary band w, w, w, and the spindle a, a, moving in the
opposite direction. These three threads are again united by the operation of
the cone q, and form a silken cord or cable, consisting of eighteen threads,
which may be laid or twisted in such degree or proportion as the nature of the
article may require. Any convenient number of threads may be thus operated
upon, and any quantity of twist may be given at the option of the manufacturer.

page_text: In this our improved bobbin frame, we claim as our Invention the described
arrangement of machinery for doubling and twisting silk, cotton, or any yarns
or threads that require the operation.
Fig. 14 represents the method of applying our improved doubling and
twisting machinery, with the flexible sheet or cloth bobbin, to the purpose of
twisting and doubling single silks or yarns that may require such process.
a, a, indicates our improved twisting spindle with a conical end, perforated
with holes; at q a geometrical and end or profile view of a frame adapted to
receive the cloth bobbin or flexible sheet is presented; b, b, b, b, is the frame;
c, c, c, c, the flexible sheet; d, d, are pullies supported on their axis by the
frame b, b, over which pulley the cloth bobbin or flexible sheet passes, and to
which it is fitted so as to move with the pullies; e is a wheel on the end of
the pulley shaft d, which is moved by the smaller wheel f; 9, 9, are tubes on
the top of which are fixed the worms or screws h, h, which tubes and worms
or screws are fixed fast in the frame i, i; k is a shaft on which the pinion / is
fixed; p is a collar on the spindle or to support the plates i, i; m, m, are
pivots screwed into the frame j,j, on the ends of which the bearings n, n, work;
0, 0, are pullies by which the frame of the cloth bobbin is put in motion, and
which give twist to the single silks or yarns; 7, r, are connecting bars which
join the plates i, i, and j, j, firmly together by screws in the usual way; s is a
spring fixed to the framing of the machine, and to which one end of the
stationary band t, t, is fixed, and which band is fastened at the other end to
any convenient part of the stationary frame, so as to permit the band t, t, to
freely act on the pullies o, o, when the machine is at work; on the spindle a, a,
is fixed the pulley v, by which the machine is put in motion, and on which
spindle the plates i, i, and j, j, are firmly fixed. In this our improved arrange-
ment of the gear, spindle, and the cloth bobbin, or flexible sheet, motion is
communicated to the pully v, by the usual means, which moves with it the
plates i, i, and j, j, and which by the action of the stationary band t, t, the
bobbin frames b, b, receive motion in a direction opposite to that of the spindle
a, a, by which the single silks or yarns are twisted at the tubes g, g. The
bobbin frames move round the stationary screws or worms h, h, by which the
pinion on the shaft k is put in motion, and the wheelf on the end of the
shaft takes into and moves the wheel e on the end of the pully shaft d, which
gives motion to the cloth bobbin, and permits the silks or yarns to be drawn
off without injurious tention or strain. The silks or yarns, being drawn off or
delivered by the flexible sheet and twisted at the tubes g, g, are united and
twisted in the opposite direction and form one thread at the cone q, and from
thence are conducted to a measuring pully, as seen at Fig. 11, and thence to

page_text: a reel or bobbin of the usual construction. A particular description of the
stationary band, and its action on the pulleys to produce a reverse motion, are
particularly explained in Figure 11, and its references; and the arrangement
of the gear is a modified application of our improved gear spindle, described at
Figure 4 and Figure 4 A. The change of the flexible sheet is effected by
the same method as described in Fig. 8 for spinning.
In compliance with the proviso contained in the royal grant as aforesaid, wo
have herein described our Invention and improvements in such manner that
by reference to the Drawings any competent machinest will be able to construct
the same, and this our improved machinery may be constructed of any suitable
material convenient to the machine maker.
In witness whereof, we, the said Francis Molineux and William Bundy,
have hereunto set our hands and seals, the Ninth day of March, in
the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and thirty-one.