matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
NEW OR IMPROVED MATERIALS OR COMPOSITIONS FOR MAKING CAPSULES, PAINTS, ENAMELS, AND THE LIKE, AND MACHINERY FOR APPLYING THE SAME TO BOTTLES AND OTHER ARTICLES."
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Woodward and William Boyd
at the Office of the Commmissioners of Patents on the 28th October 1879.
HENRY WOODWARD and WILLIAM BOYD, both of Birmingham, in the County of
Warwick. NEW OR IMPROVED MATERIALS OR COMPOSITIONS FOR MAKING
CAPSULES, PAINTS, ENAMELS, AND THE LIKE, AND MACHINERY FOR APPLYING THE
SAME TO BOTTLES AND OTHER ARTICLES."
The primary object of our Invention is to produce a composition or material
capable of sealing as completely as may be to the exclusion of air, and which at the
same time is cheaper to produce than those heretofore manufactured, is free from
noxious odours, and is not inflammable.
We take of gumsandrack (gum juniper) three pounds, of methylated spirit half
gallon, the two shaken until completely dissolved; of white shellac two pounds
dissolved in half gallon of methylated spirit; of brown or yellow shellac two
pounds dissolved in methylated spirit, the quantity of spirit being regulated by
the quantity required to cover the shellac to be dissolved; these ingredients form
the base of the material.
To make a red capsule,―
Take of Chinese red
white shellac
brown or yellow shellac
gumsandrack (gum juniper)
"
"
"
castor oil
وو
"
"
Canadian balsam
asbestos
five ounces.
-
six ounces.
-
eight ounces.
ten ounces.
-
half ounce.
-
twenty drops.
twenty grains.
The above material may be used and applied as a paint or as a capsule. When
used as a capsule we apply the same by dipping the bottles to be capsuled in the
material, but we prefer to use for this purpose a machine constructed substantially
as hereinafter described.
We do not limit ourselves to the proportions above given, as the same must be
varied according to the purpose to which it is to be applied, for example; the
proportions given are intended for a capsuling material and for the special colour
mentioned in the formula.

page_text: The machine is composed of vessels to receive the capsuling composition made in
a frame free to rise and fall in standards or guides, and worked up and down by
screw and bevel gear operated by crank. The bottles or vessels to be capsuled are
supported necks downwards in a cradle frame so that the troughs containing the
capsuling material are brought up to the vessels to be capsuled by the screw gear
before mentioned. The raising and lowering of the troughs may be effected in other
ways, for example, for large vessels they may be raised and lowered by slings or
other equivalent means. We prefer to have the vessels to be capsuled stationary
and the troughs movable, but the action may be reversed and both may be made
movable.
AN IMPROVED PRINTING INK AND IN THE METHOD OF MANUFACTURING THE SAME
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frank Wirth at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 22nd December 1879. A communication
from Johann Jacob Wilhelm, of Homburg vor der Höhe, and Friedrich
Rohnstadt, of Frankfort on the Main, both in the Empire of Germany.
FRANK WIRTH, of the Firm of Wirth and Company, Patent Solicitors, at
Frankfort on the Main, in the Empire of Germany. "AN IMPROVED PRINTING
INK AND IN THE METHOD OF MANUFACTURING THE SAME." ▲ communication
froin Johann Jacob Wilhelin, of Homburg vor der Höhe, and Friedrich Rohnstadt,
of Frankfort on the Main, both in the Empire of Germany.
This Invention consists in manufacturing printers' ink from coal tar in the
following manner -
To 100 kilogrammes of coal tar 2 to 3 kilogrammes of sulphuric acid are added,
and thoroughly well shaken so as to mix the whole.
The mass is then heated over a fire until it begins to rise; it is then taken off
and 1 kilogramme of calcined soda is well stirred in, and the mixing continuod
until the whole has considerably cooled. Hereupon some 2 to 3 kilogrammos of
calcined soda are added, and the whole rebeated until it foams up; it is then quickly
removed from the fire and allowed to cool.
The mass is now allowed to stand for a few days, the same being treated during
this time with a mixture of 600 grammes of muriatic acid to 100 grammes of
chlorido of potash, or else stirring up the mass with a glass rod, so that the chlorine
which forms at the bottom of the vessel containing the mass may thoroughly work
into the whole.
21%, to 3 kilogrammes of hogs' fat and 4 to 5 kilogrammes of glycerino are now
boiled in, and when the mass has become a thin liquid it is strained through a
cloth. Some 2 to 5 kilogrammes of logwood extract may be added to give a
deeper black, or the whole colour may be changed by adding chromate of potash,
alum, tartar, or other suitable substanco.
When the black is obtained 1/1 to 2 of lamp black are added to the filtered
liquid and the product is finished.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR MAKING CIRCULAR LOOP FABRICS
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Black at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 4th June 1879.
JOSEPH BLACK, the younger, of Loughborough, in the County of Leicester.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR MAKING CIRCULAR LOOP FABRICS."
Also, in
The improvements consist in self acting machinery applied to circular ribbed
frames to register any length of work or number of courses, and produce both plane
and tuck ribbed fabrics in the same revolution of the circular frame.
reversing the making of both tuck and plane ribbed fabric from one part of the
machine to the other at any given length of work or number of revolutions of the
machinery, the same being done any given number of times while the machinery is
in motion. The improvements are performed by the addition of extra wheels or
gearing, causing a lever attached to an angle lever to rise and fall, and slide in and
out in combination with an incline, for the purpose of making the tuck rib work on
one part of the circular frame and plane rib work on the other both at the same
time, together with a rack wheel with flanges on both sides, one flange to regulate
the number of courses to be made with part tuck and part plane work in one revo-
lution of the circular frame, and also to register any given number of courses of
either tuck or plane work. The other flange for the purpose of holding out or
letting in a certain lever actuated by cains, also with gearing for reversing the
machinery.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF APPARATUS FOR CURLING AND IRONING THE BRIMS OF FELT HATS
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Richardson, Peter Richardson,
and Samuel Marshall at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the
16th October 1879.
HENRY RICHARDSON, PETER RICHARDSON, and SAMUEL MARSHALL, all of Denton,
in the County of Lancaster. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF APPARATUS
FOR CURLING AND IRONING THE BRIMS OF FELT HATS."
The apparatus is constructed in the following manner:-
:-Upon a suitablė frame is
supported a table having in the centre an opening to receive the crown of the hat,
which is placed in an oval frame provided with a brass ring formed to suit the
shape and width of the brim. The table also supports the "irons," which are made
in two parts, and which are capable of being moved apart to receive the frame and
hat between them, and when drawn together form a perfect oval enclosing the frame
and hat body.
The "irons" are hollow and are heated by means of gas jets inside.
They are moved together or apart by a handle or lever actuating a crank plate or
disc having two pins (one on each side of the centre), each of which is connected to
one half or iron, so that as the plate or disc is turned partially round by the handle
or lever in one direction or the other it separates the "irons or draws them
together simultaneously. Above the "irons " is a plate attached to the lower end
of a vertical screw, and provided with a brass ring corresponding with that on the
frame.
"
This brass ring is lined with india rubber, by which a sheet iron plate within the
ring is pressed against the brim of the hat, thus keeping it smooth.
The screw passes through a screwed bush attached to a bridge forming part of the
frame, and has a hand wheel keyed on its upper end.
The operation of the apparatus is as follows:-
The brim of the hat having been softened by means of a "baker" in the ordinary
manner, the hat is placed (crown downwards) in the frame so that its softened brim
rests on the brass ring.
The "irons" being separated the frame and hat are placed on the table, and the

page_text: top plate is screwed down so as to hold the brim firmly between the two brass
plates.
"
The "irons are now brought together so as to curl the edges of the brim under
the bottom plate and they are kept in that position till the curl is sufficiently set
and ironed.
The top plate is then screwed up, the "irons" separated, and the frame and
hat removed, when the operation is repeated upon another hat, and so on
continuously.
AN IM- PROVED BUTTER WORKER
Year: 1879

page_text: .
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George James Adams at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 5th May 1879. A communication from
abroad by J. C. Rorick, of Wauseon, Ohio, United States of America.
GEORGE JAMES ADAMS, of South Mall, Cork, in the County of Cork. AN IM-
PROVED BUTTER WORKER." (A communication from abroad by J. C. Rorick, of
Wanseon, Ohio, United States of America.)
[S
My improved butter worker consists of a receptacle made preferably of wood,
into which the butter is put through a hopper. At the end of a cranked rod is
fitted a wooden plunger which works inside the receptacle, said plunger being
actuated by a handle, and a screen made of copper or other suitable wire woven
into meshes (which may be of one sixteenth of an inch) is provided, through which,
when in operation, the butter is pushed by the plunger. This screen is fastened
to the receptacle or wooden box by a fastener fitted on each side, and the screen is
thus removable at will for cleansing purposes.
By the above described arrangements butter which has not been worked and
is therefore lumpy or of unequal consistency is worked so as to be smooth and
equalized in substance more advantageously than heretofore.
IN MECHANISM FOR CUITING OFF THE SUPPLY TO THE CYLINDERS OF STEAM ENGINES OR OTHER MACHINES WORKED BY STEAM OR OTHER EXPANSIVE VAPOUR
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Bell Lightfoot at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 9th August 1879.
THOMAS BELL LIGHTFOOT, Managing Partner of Messrs. Bells, Lightfoot, & Co.,
"IMPROVEMENTS
Engineers, of Walker on Tyne, in the County of Northumberland.
IN MECHANISM FOR CUITING OFF THE SUPPLY TO THE CYLINDERS OF STEAM
ENGINES OR OTHER MACHINES WORKED BY STEAM OR OTHER EXPANSIVE VAPOUR."
This Invention relates to improvements in cutting off the supply to the cylinders
of steam engines or other machines worked by steam or other expansive vapour.
The chief object of this Invention is to give a quick cut off, automatically
regulated by the governor of any suitable type, and to accomplish this end without
giving the governor extra work to do, by which means great regularity in speed is
obtained and the use of a powerful governor obviated.
The steam valves two in number one at each end of the cylinder may be of any
ordinary construction, such as circular, mitre, or balanced piston valves, and are con-
nected by levers each to a sliding sleeve having steel catch edges. A spindle
working in these sleeves and connected to an eccentric on the engine shaft carries
two bell crank levers each with a steel face for engaging the catch edges upon the
sleeves above mentioned, and by means of projecting levers these bell cranks can be
raised or lowered at any portion of their travel either releasing the sleeves or
engaging them again, when the spindle moved by the eccentric travels back to a
suitable position. The bell cranks which together with the projecting levers form
each a compound system, are tipped at any desired portion of the travel of eccentric
by causing the projecting levers to come in contact with rollers or tappets, the
position of which is regulated by the rise and fall of the governor and the valves
are then closed and the steam cut off by springs or steam pistons with dash pots in
the usual manner.
The compound lever arrangement might be dispensed with, and an arm on the
bell cranks be allowed to come directly against the rollers.
The exhaust valves can either be worked with the gear for the steam eccentric or
separately.
IMPROVEMENTS IN DYEING, COLORING, OR BLEACHING COTTON AND OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederick Luke Stott at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 3rd December 1879.
FREDERICK LUKE STOTT, of Rochdale, in the County of Lancaster, Cotton
Spinner. "IMPROVEMENTS IN DYEING, COLORING, OR BLEACHING COTTON AND
OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS."
The object of my Invention is to apply dye or color to cotton and other fibrous
materials, so that fibrous material which in its natural state appears to have color
will appear white or bleached after being subjected to my improved dyeing or
coloring process, and the object of my Invention is also to add to or heighten the
natural colors of cotton or other fibrous material, or to impart a decided tint or
color to such fibres when required.
My Invention does not consist in saturating the fibre with coloring matter or
bleaching material, but consists in applying any suitable color or dye in a liquid
state, and by preference in the form of finely divided spray by any convenient
arrangement, and I prefer to apply such liquid dye in the form of spray to the fibre
as it comes from the lap or opening machine.
It is not necessary according to my Invention when bleaching affects are only
required to apply the liquid dye or color to every lap, but only to say one lap out
of three, where three laps are drawn and mixed together.
The coloring matter is or may be mixed with spirit and distributed upon the
fibre by a blast or blasts of air or steam by apparatus acting upon the principle of
the well known apparatus used for distributing perfumes, but any other suitable
and convenient arrangements are or may be employed for distributing the liquid
color or dye upon the fibrous materials.
AN IMPROVED ALLOY, DESIGNED AS A SUB- STITUTE FOR SILVER IN THE MANUFACTURE OF METAL GOODS
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Robert Lake at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 23rd May 1879. A communication
from abroad by Jean Baptiste Theodore Despiau, of Ayguemorte, France.
WILLIAM ROBERT LAKE, of the Firm of Haseltine, Lake, & Co., Patent Agents,
Southampton Buildings, London. "AN IMPROVED ALLOY, DESIGNED AS A SUB-
STITUTE FOR SILVER IN THE MANUFACTURE OF METAL GOODS." [A communication
from abroad by Jean Baptiste Theodore Despiau, of Ayguemorte, France.]
This Invention relates to the manufacture of an alloy which closely resembles
silver in respect to color, brilliancy, sonorousness, and other characteristics.
It will be readily understood that an alloy possessing these qualifications will be
of considerable value for the manufacture of articles for the table and objects of art,
and will economically replace silver in a great number of cases.
Metals heretofore manufactured for this purpose have always been provided with
a coating or layer of silver, which wears away quickly, leaving the baser metal
exposed, and consequently the latter has had to be frequently re-silvered.
The alloy made according to this Invention does not require to be silvered as it
wears away; it remains white and brilliant, and is perfectly harmless, so that there
is no danger in using it for the manufacture of plates and other articles for
containing food, as is the case with silvered metal which has usually a copper
base.
The said alloy is manufactured as follows, that is to say, I first melt together
equal parts of very pure tin and brass; then, while continuing the heating, I add
two parts of native antimony. This alloy is then poured out, and when it has
become solid is pulverized.
I also melt some ordinary tin and mix with the same from fifteen to twenty
per cent. of the powder obtained as above described, and to this is added ten per
cent. of bismuth.
The metal so made constitutes the alloy which is the subject of this Invention,
and this alloy may be used in the ordinary manner for the manufacture of any
articles desired.
The composition of the said alloy may be slightly varied according to the different
uses to which it is to be applied.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CARRIAGE DOOR STOPS
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Edwards at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 26th August 1879.
JOHN EDWARDS, of 21, Cassland Road, South Hackney, in the County of
Middlesex. "IMPROVEMENTS IN CARRIAGE DOOR STOPS."
'
My improvements consist in making carriage door stops of a strap of iron; this
strap of iron is made of any suitable curve to meet the travel of the door in
opening; this iron strap is fixed to the carriage door in the usual way, and is made
to travel along a bar of iron as the door opens and shuts; on one end of this bar I
place a spring to give elasticity, and on the other end I place a spring so arranged
that the iron strap is made to compress this spring as the door is moved to its
position to be fastened, and the door not being able of itself to compress this
spring the door is thus made to stand partly open, unless it is fastened by hand.
I sometimes use a steel blade to effect the same object, making this blade of steel
to travel.along the bar, and coming against a stop on the bar it is made to curve
by the pressure of the door and thus prevent the door from getting into its position
and remaining there unless it is fastened by hand. I have thus described two.
modes of accomplishing my object, but it will be readily seen that other modes of
mechanism may be used to accomplish the same object.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF UMBRELLAS, PARASOLS, AND OTHER SIMILAR FOLDING ARTICLES.
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Holme Spencer at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 3rd September 1879.
"
GEORGE HOLME SPENCER, of Southport, in the County of Lancaster. IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF UMBRELLAS, PARASOLS, AND OTHER SIMILAR
FOLDING ARTICLES.
The object of this Invention is the construction of an umbrella in which each
or all the ribs and stretchers are capable of being withdrawn and replaced at
pleasure by the user, and to dispense with the wire springs hitherto employed
for locking the runner in the open or closed position, and which springs have
hitherto in consequence of slots being required in the two parts of the stick to
receive them rendered the stick very weak at those parts. In carrying out my
invention I construct the top notch as also the runner of the umbrella in two
parts, in one of which I form an annular cavity, or form such cavity partly in both
parts, and surrounding this cavity I form the slits or openings to receive the ends of
the ribs and stretchers. The ribs are secured in position in the top notch and the
stretchers in the runner by being arranged with T, L, or ball shaped projections at
their extremities, which are capable of partially turning in without escaping from
the annular cavity and thus form the requisite joint. The two parts of the top
notch and runner are secured together by one being screwed upon the other, or
by means of a bayonet, button, or other convenient joint. This invention affords
facilities for locking the runner in the open or closed position by having a pin
secured to the stick in the two positions, and which pin is arranged to enter a slot
in the runner, so that by twisting such runner on one side until the pin enters into
a side slot, the same becomes locked in position, and in accordance with this
Invention the stick of the umbrella is capable of being detached instantaneously
from the frame, and so of being used seperately as a walking stick.
IMPROVEMENTS IN GAS BURNERS FOR HEATING PURPOSES
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Frederic Wright and George
Ernest Wright at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 27th
November 1879.
JOHN FREDERIC WRIGHT and GEORGE ERNEST WRIGHT, both of Birmingham, in
the County of Warwick, Manufacturers. "IMPROVEMENTS IN GAS BURNERS FOR
HEATING PURPOSES."
This Invention of improvements in gas burners for heating purposes consists in
the use and adaptation of a perforated plate hereafter described, and which we call
the draught plate to be used with all kinds of gas burners for heating purposes,
whether such burners consume gas only or gas mixed with air before combustion,
and which said draft plate may be used either in connection with nozzles on the
burner or with simple holes drilled into the burners.
It is found that with gas burners hitherto used for boilers, ovens, baths, and such
like purposes that great loss of heat has been occasioned by the admission of too
great an amount of air to support the combustion of the flame, the effect of the
superabundant air being to cool the flame and the heated air arising therefrom; our
apparatus is arranged in such a way that by means of a perforated plate attached
to the burner only the proper amount of air is admitted to each jet of flame.
We do this as follows:-The burner is made of wrought or cast iron, fire clay, or
any suitable substance, and each jet of flame burns (by preference) from a nozzle
projecting from the body of the burner. A plate of metal is arranged with
perforations corresponding with but larger than the before mentioned nozzles and
is fixed in such a manner that the nozzles partly project into the holes, leaving an
open space between the nozzle and the rim of the hole. The burner and place are
so fitted into the stove, oven, bath, boiler, or other purpose that no air can reach
the flame except by the space thus formed. The burner may be in a straight line,
round, square, or of any other convenient shape.
Though the flame burns by preference from nozzles projecting from the burner,
it may burn simply from holes drilled into the burner (although this is not so
effective), the jets of flame burning through the perforations of the perforated plate.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF STEEL AND INGOT IRON
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Sidney Gilchrist Thomas at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 30th May 1879.
SIDNEY GILCHRIST THOMAS, of 3, Queen's Road Villas, Wandsworth Road,
London. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF STEEL AND INGOT IRON."
My Invention relates to the manufacture of ingot-iron and steel from phosphoretic
pig iron. Before treating such pig iron in a Bessemer convertor or Siemens furnace
with a calcareous lining, in the manner already described by me in my Specifications,
Nos. 289, in the year 1878, and 1313, in the year 1879, I find that an improved
result is obtained, especially when treating very silicious pig-iron, by previously
refining the pig in a gas-furnace provided with twyers for the injection of air into
the bath of metal. I have described such a furnace in my Specification, No. 1079, in
the present year. The pig to be treated is either taken direct from the blast furnace or
cupola to the twyer-refining furnace, or is melted on the hearth of the refinery. The
refinery may, instead of having removable twyers, be a cylindrical furnace with twyers
fixed in its side, the twyers being elevated from or depressed below the surface of
the metal by a rotating or rocking movement of the hearth on a system already
well-known. I prefer however my own system of removable twyers. After
blowing the pig in this refinery till nearly all the silicon is gone, the metal is run
into a basic lined converter or open-hearth furnace containing lime either directly
or by means of a ladle. The slag is not however allowed to run into the basic
converter or furnace, but is diverted into a slag-pit, or a slag-bogey. If however the
converter or furnace is not ready, the metal can be retained any length of time in
the refinery, the flame being kept neutral and the twyers withdrawn. This gives
this system of treatment a great superiority over any other, as does the fact of the
nearly desiliconised metal being intensely heated when it leaves the refinery. If a
Bessemer vessel is used to complete the operation, a slight after-blow is necessary
when a very phosphoretic pig is used. My present Invention therefore consists of
the preliminary refining of phosphoric pig-iron in the manner described, combined
with its subsequent treatment in converters with basic lining and basic additions,
or in open-hearth furnaces with basic linings and basic additions.
IMPROVEMENTS IN FURNACES FOR STEAM BOILERS AND OTHER SIMILAR PURPOSES
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Timothy Bradbury and
William John Prestwich at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the
21st October 1879.
CHARLES TIMOTHY BRADBURY, of Buckton Grange, Stayley Bridge, in the County
of Chester, Manufacturer, and WILLIAM JOHN PRESTWICH, of Buckton Vale, in the
said County, Joiner. "IMPROVEMENTS IN FURNACES FOR STEAM BOILERS AND
OTHER SIMILAR PURPOSES."
Our Invention consists in an arrangement whereby the smoke arising from the
fuel supplied is destroyed or partially so, while at the same time the small particles
arising from what are known as mechanical feeders of fuel are arrested and
consumed. For these purposes we place an intercepting medium between the fire
place and the flue, which by being highly heated decomposes the above mentioned
products in their passage.
To accomplish this we propose to build up the ordinary bridge to the underside
of the flue, providing it with numerous perforations, but so as to gain in the whole
sufficient area for the draft. These perforations may be obtained by interstices
formed in the ordinary building of fire bricks by the insertion of pipes by alternate
layers and spaces or by similar means.
Instead of building up the bridge to the top of the flue, a diaphragm constructed
on the same principle may be placed behind it.
AN IMPROVED GUARD FOR THE STUDS OF SHIRT FRONTS
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Jean Van Casteel at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 16th July 1879. A communication
from abroad by Charles Kritz, of Ghent, in the Kingdom of Belgium.
JEAN VAN CASTEEL, of Ghent, in the Kingdom of Belgium, at present residing
at Manchester, in the County of Lancaster. "AN IMPROVED GUARD FOR THE
STUDS OF SHIRT FRONTS." A communication from abroad by Charles Kritz, of
Ghent, in the Kingdom of Belgium.
The object of this Invention is the production of a simple and effective device to
be applied to the fronts of shirts to prevent the loss of the stud fastenings of such
shirts by their accidentally working out of the button holes.
I take a piece of thin metal, preferably steel, and form long slots in it, according
to the number of studs, the slots being wide enough to pass the shank of the stud,
but too narrow to allow the head or the back of the stud to pass through.
The studs are sprung into these slots by bending their sides in opposite direc-
tions until each stud is in its respective slot. The studs may then be used for
fastening the shirt in the usual manner, and being thus connected to each other it
is impossible for any of the studs to be lost by working loose unless all come loose
simultaneously. The long slots allow the studs to accomodate themselves to the
varying distances of the button holes in the shirt front.
IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR EXHIBITING OR DISPLAYING GOODS OR OTHER ARTICLES IN SHOP WINDOWS AND ELSEWHERE
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Moss Samuel Cohen at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 7th April 1879.
" AN
Moss SAMUEL COHEN, of Saint John's Wood, in the County of Middlesex.
IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR EXHIBITING OR DISPLAYING GOODS OR OTHER ARTICLES
IN SHOP WINDOWS AND ELSEWHERE."
My Invention relates to an improved apparatus for exhibiting or displaying
goods or other articles in shop windows and elsewhere, whereby such articles may be
placed at any desired angle or inclination for their better exposure to view and
inspection thereof than heretofore. The apparatus is especially applicable for
exhibiting or displaying boots and shoes, and I will by way of example describe the
same as constructed for this purpose.
My improved apparatus consists of a bracket, branch, or support capable of
revolving within a socket, and provided at its upper end with a pin or pivot upon
which is a tubular piece or rod, also capable of revolving; this piece or rod is
secured to a flanged or recessed plate within which a disc is caused to revolve, the
said disc carrying a receiving plate or other suitable receptacle on which the boot
or shoe to be exhibited is placed. This receiving plate or receptacle is so contrived
as to prevent the boot or shoe placed thereon from falling off when the disc is
revolved, so as to set the receiving plate at an angle. The disc is retained in the
desired position by means of a set-screw passing through it and entering the
flanged or recessed plate.
A stand or upright may also be constructed having several of these brackets or
branches fitted thereto, so that several pairs of boots or shoes can be placed thereon
for exhibition at the same time, and in the most desirable position.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BAKERS' OVENS
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Gerard Wenzeslaus von Nawrocki at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 26th July 1879. A commu-
nication by Ernst Wilhelm Dittmann, of the City of Leipzig, German Empire.
GERARD WENZESLAUS VON NAWROCKI, of the Firm of J. Brandt and G. W. von
Nawrocki, Patent Agents, of 124, Leipzigerstrasse, Berlin, in the German Empire.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN BAKERS' OVENS." A communication by Ernst Wilhelm
Dittmann, of the City of Leipzig, German Empire.
The Invention relates to an iron oven with fixed and enamelled baking plate,
and simultaneously heated by steam as well as by hot gases.
The oven consists chiefly of a metal case placed upon the ordinary brick
foundation, which is as usual slightly falling towards the front. The bottom of
the case forms with the enamelled baking plate and with the lateral walls a flat
heating chamber, into which steam is admitted from a boiler placed conveniently
near the oven, while the gases of combustion pass from the said boiler over the top
of the casing. It is preferred to let the hot gases travel from the front to the back
and return through two side flues before they escape into the chimney. The steam
pipe which is provided with a stop valve supplies not only the bottom heating
chamber with saturated or superheated steam, but also the interior of the oven
preferably by means of two small pipes carried along the side walls of the case and
slightly ascending from the front to the back of the oven where the steam escapes
and has to return to the front through the baking chamber before it can leave the
oven through suitable openings.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF WOOLLEN AND OTHER YARNS, AND IN THE MACHINERY EMPLOYED THEREIN
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Gledhill and William Cliffe at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 15th December 1879.
JOHN GLEDHILL, of Parkwood Mills, Longwood, near Huddersfield, in the County
of York, Manufacturer, and WILLIAM CLIFFE, of Ley Moor, Golcar, near Hudders-
field aforesaid, Machine Maker. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF
WOOLLEN AND OTHER YARNS, AND IN THE MACHINERY EMPLOYED THEREIN."
This Invention relates to a method of manufacturing yarns composed of two or
more threads, and its principal object is to double two or more threads of different
colors together, and thereby dispense with the separate operation of doubling or
twisting which is now done to effect the same purpose.
Our improvements consist in the use and employment of a pair of rubbing
belts, through or between which is passed two or more threads which are rubbed
bodily into one thread, and from thence are wound upon one condenser bobbin.
The bobbins are afterwards placed on a mule and spun and twisted in the ordinary
manner, producing a yarn of variegated colour.
The Invention is equally applicable for mixing and doubling yarns of the same
colour, whereby we produce more even yarn.
The Invention also relates to a method of making spotted yarns, and the
improvements consist in placing a pair of drawing or feeding rollers in combination
with the above arrangement, and in imparting an intermittent motion to such feed
rollers, so that when the feed rollers are stationary the rubbers which have a con-
tinuous revolving motion will take or pull a given length off another or third
thread held fast by the rollers, and the piece thus pulled off is rubbed on to the
doubled or mixed thread which is also passing through the rubbers, thereby
producing spots or knots on the said mixed yarn at given distances apart; instead
of the spotted yarn being a double or mixed thread it may be single.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ROLLER BLIND FITTINGS
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Parnell at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 25th September 1879.
"
WILLIAM PARNELL, of Watton, in the County of Herts. IMPROVEMENTS IN
ROLLER BLIND FITTINGS."
The Invention has for its object improvements in roller blind fittings, and relates
to means whereby the ordinary pulley rack is dispensed with, and the blind is
enabled to be retained at any required height.
For this purpose I fix on one end of the blind roller a pulley to which one end of
a cord is fixed, and upon the flanges, cheeks, or rims of such pulley is caused to
press a break, consisting of a roller carried by the outer end of a spring, the bearings
of which roller pass outside the flanges of the pulley on the blind roller so as to
retain the spring break in correct relative position therewith, and to prevent the
cord from jerking out, which frequently happens with other fittings now in use.
The cord is coiled upon its pulley as the blind is lowered, and uncoiled as the
blind is raised.
If desired, the roller in the break may be dispensed with, and the power of the
spring may be regulated by means of a screw or lever acting thereon.
IMPROVEMENTS IN WIRE-DRAWING AND APPARATUS THEREFOR."
Year: 1879

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Imray, of No. 28, Southampton Buildings, in the
County of Middlesex, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN WIRE-DRAWING
AND APPARATUS THEREFOR." A communication from abroad by Paul
Muhlbacher, of Ferlach, in the Austrian Empire.
Sealed the 1st June 1880, and dated the 9th December 1879.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Imray at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 9th December 1879.
16
JOHN IMRAY, of No. 28, Southampton Buildings, in the County of Middlesex.
* IMPROVEMENTS IN WIRE DRAWING AND APPARATUS THEREFOR." [A communication
from abroad by Paul Muhlbacher, of Ferlach, in the Austrian Empire].
This Invention relates to means and apparatus for drawing wire through several
successive tribletts or drawing holes at one operation on to one drawing reel or
drum. For this purpose the reel holding the wire which has to be drawn finer is
placed in a pickling vessel, and the wire is led through a notch at the upper edge
of this vessel downward into a pickling trough, in which it passes under a guide
bar keeping it immersed in the pickle. From this bar it rises over the lip of the
trough and passes through one triblett to the lower part of a reel or drum. After
about one and a half convolutions round this roll or drum it returns to a guide
roller, from which it is again led through the pickling trough and under the guide
bar, and thence through a higher triblett to the reel on which it is wound. Should
it be desired to pass the wire through a greater number of tribletts the arrangement
above described is repeated, but as this might involve an inconvenient height of the
triblett plate it is of advantage to provide two or more pickling troughs with their
triblett plates and guide rollers arranged around the reel or drum, and in the place
of one of these may be situated a guide roller and plate carrying small rollers or
studs between which the wire is passed for the purpose of straightening it.

page_text: and 7. The draw holes & may be made in triblet plates arranged as in Figs. 6 and 7,
or in alternating plates, as in Figs. 4 and 5, the plates being held in a frame in
which they are clamped by setting screws so that they can be readily removed and
replaced.
Having thus described the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed as communicated to me by my foreign correspondent, I
claim,―
First. Drawing one and the same wire through several successive draw holes
simultaneously by one drawing drum, the wire being led from each triblet hole
round the drum, thence over guide pullies through the next triblet hole, and so on
successively, substantially as herein described.
Second. The combination of one drum for drawing wire with several triblet holes
and their respective guide pullies, arranged and operating substantially as and for
the purpose herein set forth.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Imray, have hereunto set my hand and
seal, this Eighth day of June, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight
hundred and eighty.
JOHN IMKAY. (LS.)
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PRESERVATION OF AND THE GETTING RID OF THE NAUSEOUS TASTE AND SMELL OF COD-LIVER OIL
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Heron Aitchison at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 22nd February 1879.
GEORGE HERON AITCHISON, of Edinburgh, in the County of Midlothian,
North Britain, Doctor of Medicine. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PRESERVATION
OF AND THE GETTING RID OF THE NAUSEOUS TASTE AND SMELL OF COD-LIVER
OIL."
This Invention has for its object to preserve cod-liver oil in a stable condition by
preventing its oxidation, also to destroy the offensive or nauseous taste or smell
which are well known characteristics of the said oil.
The Invention consists in the combining or admixture with the said oil of benzoic
acid, or substances containing benzoic acid. Of such substances the balsam of Peru
and the balsain of Tolu are found efficient, and about 1 drachm of the balsams to
6 oz. of the oil are found suitable proportions for practical purposes.
In place of using the balsams as aforesaid, balsams from which the benzoic acid
has been removed may be substituted.
In order to accelerate the operation of combining or mixing the aforesaid sub-
stances with the aforesaid oil a little alcohol is added.
A NEW OR IMPROVED JOINT FOR LEATHER OR OTHER PIPES
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Hermann Steinberg at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 2nd December 1879.
HERMANN STEINBERG, of Edgbaston, Birmingham, in the County of Warwick,
Gentleman. "A NEW OR IMPROVED JOINT FOR LEATHER OR OTHER PIPES."
Hitherto leather and other similar description of pipes have been attached to
each other by means of a screwed union, or other joint of a similar kind, but in
practice it is found that much delay is caused in screwing and so connecting these
description of joints.
My improved joint is constructed as follows:-I first provide the larger or socket
hooks
part of my improved joint, which is provided, by preference, with three cramp
upon its forward end, and which are so constructed that they will receive the
wedges or segments of screws hereinafter described. The inside of this portion of
my improved joint is bored out quite smooth but tapering slightly towards its
backward end.
The other portion of my improved joint I construct with a corresponding number
and description of segments of screws or wedges formed upon its forward end, and
these are fitted to take under the before described cramp hooks. On the forward
face of this portion of the joint is formed a projecting piece, and this is turned at a
slight taper so as to exactly fit the before mentioned socket.
When it is desired to connect my improved joint the last described projecting
piece is placed in the said socket, and by a partial revolution thereof the wedges or
seginents of screws take under the before mentioned cramp books, and by forcing
the projecting piece firmly into the said socket a watertight joint is formed.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF TEXTILE FABRICS
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Gerard Wenzeslaus von Nawrocki at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 23rd May 1879. A com-
munication from Heinrich Beck Söhne, of Glauchau, in the Empire of
Germany.
"
GERARD WENZESLAUS VON NAWROCKI, of the Firm of J. Brandt and G. W. v.
Nawrocki, Patent Agents, of 124, Leipzigerstrasse, Berlin, in the Empire of
Germany. 'IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF TEXTILE FABRICS." A
communication from Heinrich Beck Söhne, of Glauchau, in the Empire of Germany.
The Invention has for its object the production of a substitute for the so called
cord tissue produced by means of needles, by the application of a special mode of
binding and without the use of needles. It consists in applying a groundwarp and
two or more pattern warps in such a manner that the elevation of any pattern
thread over the ground, and therefore the effect of the pattern, is produced by passing
said thread over one or more other pattern threads, which do not form a pattern at
the same place. It is preferred to lay the ground warp alternately over and under
the weft, and to place the pattern warp over three consecutive weft-threads at the
points where the said warp appears on the surface, that is to say, where it forms
part of the pattern. If two pattern warps are used, they are alternately forming
pattern and supporting or raising the same.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN MACHINERY FOR PREPARING CLAY OR LIKE MATERIAL IN ROLLS, BLOCKS, OR SLABS, PREPARITORY TO BEING PRESSED INTO BRICKS, TILES, OR SIMILAR ARTICLES
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Clayton at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 12th April 1879.
JOHN CLAYTON, of Burnley, in the County of Lancaster, Engineer. "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN MACHINERY FOR PREPARING CLAY OR LIKE MATERIAL IN ROLLS, BLOCKS,
OR SLABS, PREPARITORY TO BEING PRESSED INTO BRICKS, TILES, OR SIMILAR
ARTICLES."
My improvements relate more particularly to the novel arrangement and
construction of a roller or rollers, on the periphery of which is placed a series of
grooves or channels for the purpose of consolidating clay or like material in rolls,
blocks, or slabs. The mode and manner of bringing my Invention into practice is
as follows:-To the top of an upright framework is fixed a receiver and hopper to
receive the clay or like material; inside this frame revolve two of the before
mentioned rollers; these gear and work in contact with each other, and between
them the clay or like material passes; the grooves or channels of each roller as they
revolve and come in contact with each other will mould the clay or like material in
rolls, blocks, or slabs; these drop or fall from between the rollers and are pushed by
the action of a carrier into the mould of a press of ordinary or any construction, so
that the rolls, blocks, or slabs be further pressed or consolidated into bricks, tiles,
or similar articles.
FORMS ORCHASES.
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Hermann Jünemann at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 22nd January 1879.
HERMANN JUNEMANN, of Basle, in Switzerland.
'FORMS' OR 'CHASES.'
"
'IMPROVEMENTS IN PRINTERS'
The object of this Invention is to supersede the ordinary "side sticks," "foot
sticks," "quoins," and other parts ordinarily used for filling up the spaces between
the set type and the sides and ends of the "chase" or "form," and for jambing the
type firmly therein. For this purpose I make use of a side stick and foot stick
with two parallel sides, the one next to the type being planed true. These sticks
are provided with one or two set screws, the heads or outer ends of which take
their bearings against the inner side or end of the chase, and are formed with one
or more holes through for turning them as required by means of a tommy.
By my Invention I diminish the weight of the form or filled chase, secure the
type firmly and accurately, and prevent the type from rising. My Invention is of
special importance for printing tables and colour prints.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN AND IN APPARATUS FOR TREATING OR PREPARING COKE"
Year: 1879

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Gothard, of Chesterfield, in the County of Derby, for
the Invention of "AN IMPROVEMENT IN AND IN APPARATUS FOR TREATING OR
PREPARING COKE"
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Gothard at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 11th November 1879.
JOHN GOTHARD, of Chesterfield, in the County of Derby. "AN IMPROVEMENT
IN AND IN APPARATUS FOR TREATING OR PREPARING COKE."
My Invention has for its object to remove the impurities contained in coke, and
consists in subjecting the coke to a thorough washing in water, whereby it is cleaned
and rendered more suitable for fuel. The Invention also relates to the apparatus
which I employ for the purpose, consisting of a vat of considerable depth and of
rectangular or other form, in which is suspended an open basket or crate of corre-
sponding shape to contain the coke. This basket has a grating at bottom, and
beneath, at the bottom of the vat, a removable tray or false bottom is fitted to
receive the impurities from the coke. The basket is hung from the end of a beam
pivoted on the upper part of the vat, and provided with means for giving an up
and down movement to the basket, which works like a plunger in the vat. The
vat communicates with a reservoir of water by a pipe provided with a stop cock for
regulating the supply. By the up and down motion of the basket the water is
driven or forced through the charge of coke, and thoroughly cleanses it of all
impurities, which pass through the open bottom of the basket and fall into the tray
beneath.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said John Gothard in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 11th May 1880.
JOHN GOTHARD, of Chesterfield, in the County of Derby. "AN IMPROVEMENT
IN AND IN APPARATUS FOR TREATING OR PREPARING COKE."
My Invention has for its object to remove the impurities contained in coke, and
consists in subjecting the coke to a thorough washing in water, whereby it is cleansed
and rendered more suitable for fuel.
The Invention also relates to the apparatus which I employ for the purpose, con-
sisting of an open skip or receptacle to contain the coke, and made to move up and
down like a plunger in a tank or receptacle of corresponding shape filled with water.
This skip has a grating at bottom, and beneath, at the bottom of the tank, a
removable tray or false bottom is fitted to receive the impurities from the coke.
The skip is supported and operated by any suitable mechanical contrivance. The
tank communicates with a reservoir of water by a pipe provided with a stop cock
for regulating the supply. By the up and down motion of the skip the water is
driven or forced through the charge of coke, and thoroughly cleanses it of all
impurities, which pass through the open bottom of the skip and fall into the tray
bananth