IMPROVEMENTS IN • FOR EXHAUSTING, AND CONNECTED WITH VENTILATORS OR APPARATUS FORCING, OR COMPRESSING AIR, GASES, OR OTHER PRODUCTS." PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION
Year: 1880

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James Howorth, of Farnworth, in the County of
Lancaster, Ventilator Manufacturer, for an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
•
FOR EXHAUSTING,
AND CONNECTED WITH VENTILATORS OR APPARATUS
FORCING, OR COMPRESSING AIR, GASES, OR OTHER PRODUCTS."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James Howorth at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 19th May 1880.
JAMES HOWORTH, of Farnworth, in the County of Lancaster, Ventilator
Manufacturer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN AND CONNECTED WITH VENTILATORS OR
APPARATUS FOR EXHAUSTING, FORCING, OR COMPRESSING AIR, GASES, OR OTHER
PRODUCTS."
My Invention relates to an archimedian screw exhauster or blower driven by
motive power, and which can be applied vertically or horizontally, or so as to work
at an angle, according to the purpose for which it is to be used.
The apparatus consists of a cylinder of iron or other metal, or if preferred of
wooden lags, inside which revolves the archimedian screw, the latter being mounted
on a shaft working in two long bearings which are fitted inside brackets fixed in
the interior of the cylinder and secured thereto by bolts or slots and set screws,
whilst the whole is secured by two brackets fitted outside the cylinder so as to
apply it in any position.
By means of this arrangement economy in cost is obtained and the apparatus
requires less power to drive.
When the apparatus is arranged vertically I employ a fixed hood, cover, or disperser
in lieu of the revolving hood as heretofore constructed, and by the alteration of the
pitch of the screw, according to the speed at which it is driven, I obtain a better
exhaust at a less expenditure of power. These horizontal and vertical ventilators
can be used in conjunction with saturation boxes for cooling, drying, or moistening
air for every description of building or works.
These saturation boxes consist of corrugated galvanized iron sheets, the corruga-
tions being either curved or angular. The air passing through the boxes or inlets
passes over the water, and is thereby effectually moistened by either cold, hot

page_text: water, or steam. If cold or hot dry air is required the saturation boxes can be
made of a curved corrugated section, so as to form a vessel to hold cold or hot
water or steam, or of corrugated plates constructed of an angular form so as to
deflect the air on to the water.
In cases where the air inside a room is required to be cooled, for meat stores and
the like, I connect the saturation boxes to an exhaust ventilator having two or more
compartments, according to the degree of cold required, or the degree of cold or hot
moist air for which it is adapted, and I cause air to follow a circuitous course
by interposing baffles in its passage. In moistening the air to a great density I fit
on the top or otherwise. of each compartment a finely perforated metal tubo which
produces a fine spray or mist; this arrangement may be adopted in all the
saturating apparatus. When cold dry air is required I fix coils or tubes in each
compartment.
For sewers I apply the power ventilators in the following manner, vis:-The
screw exhausts the air from the sewer, and the hood or disperser forces the air into
a chamber which is connected to an up cast shaft, whence the air escapes. The
motive power for driving the ventilator may either be steam, water, or any other
motive power. Where the fall of the liquid sewage is sufficient the ventilator can be
driven by a water motor.
For the compression of air in cylinders, or vaults, or rooms, I employ ventilators
in which the screw exhausts and the revolving hood or forcer compresses the air in
the chamber. To the chamber I also connect tubes of suitable diameter which can
be connected to rooms vertically or horizontally, or at any required angles; the
saturation of air can be effected in these chambers, and can be forced into spinning
rooms and weaving sheds, and other works and public buildings.
I also construct stationary self acting ventilators in the following manner:
I employ crescent formed perpendicular plates at the outside of the ventilator,
the openings formed by which plates are divided at the mouth with V formed
vertical plates, which deflect the air in two horizontal directions across the openings,
formed in conjunction with inner v formed angle plates having openings. I thus
obtain an exhaust through four sections of the ventilator, a result not attained
by any other description of ventilator of this class, whilst simplicity and consequent
cheapness are ensured.
When the ventilator is to be applied to the ventilation of rooms with air or
smoke flues, to and the prevention of down draughts, it consists of a cast metal box
inside which is fitted two steps having working therein a vertical spindle which is
connected by wires so as to work a valve constructed of mica or other metal, and
so arranged that the valve when open will allow an equal space for ventilation all
round the valve.
The steps are provided with dust and smoke proof covers so as to secure perfect
working order under all conditions, the plate or valve being vertical when working;
it is therefore not liable to accumulate soot or dust.
I also use this valve to prevent down draft in vertical or horizontal ventilating
tubes and for other like purposes.
In applying the Invention to ventilators of a known type, I make the space
between the top and bottom hood rims double the area of the diameter of the
screw cylinder; these when fitted with the improved vanes, hereinafter described,
will leave a space equal to the diameter of the ventilator screw cylinder, or any
other approximate intermediate sizes thereto, for the escape of the vitiated air on
the opposite side to which the wind blows.
The improvement in the vertical vanes consists in pressing and forming the
vanes so that each will have three recesses and a flat surface at each side of the
recess, which adds strength to the vane in the middle, which will answer as a cup
to catch the wind and thereby increase the speed and exhaust power of the ventilator..
The strength of the vanes are thereby much increased.
In the case also of revolving archimedian screw ventilators the upper part of the
cylinder in which the archimedian screw works is fitted with a deflecting plate,
'5

page_text: which may be formed by affixing a plate on the cylinder, or in thus forming the
cast iron ring heretofore used, by which means I entirely obviate the ordinary loose
or open vertical joint.
The hood is constructed in a spiral manner and is driven by vanos fitted on the
top of the hood.
The edge of the spiral dome or hood is brought down and overlaps the fixed
deflecting plate which is fitted to the screw cylinder. The space between the bottom
fixed deflecting plate and the edge of the revolving dome or hood is constructed so
as to be equal to the area of the diameter of the screw cylinder. Also either under-
neath the revolving dome, affixed thereto or secured to the screw spindle, I fix two
blades, which enable the top blades to act as an auxillary to the screw and to create
a vacuum in the hood, and disperse the air from the revolving hood.
•
The blades in or just under the dome are arranged crosswise to the screw blades
in the cylinder; by these means I reduce the weight for the vanes to drive to a
minimum and secure the compound exhaust of the upper fans.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said James Howorth in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 19th
November 1880.
JAMES HOWORTH, of Farnworth, in the County of Lancaster, Ventilator
Manufacturer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN AND CONNECTED WITH VENTILATORS OR
APPARATUS FOR EXHAUSTING, FORCING, OR COMPRESSING AIR, GASES, OR OTHER
PRODUCTS."
My said Invention relating to "Improvements in and connected with Ventilators
or Apparatus for Exhausting, Forcing, or Compressing Air, Gases, or other
Products, consists of the following features, videlicet:
First. A peculiar construction, arrangement, and combination of parts constituting
an archimedian screw exhauster or blower, bereinafter designated a power archi-
median screw ventilator, the same being driven by a steam engine or similar prime
mover, and applied either vertically or horizontally, or so as to work at an angle,
according to the purpose for which it is to be used.
Secondly. The employment in combination with the power archimedian screw
ventilator of a fixed hood, cover, or disperser.
Thirdly. The combination with an archimedian screw ventilator of saturation
boxes, constructed as hereinafter described, for cooling, dyeing, moistening, or
impregnating air for every description of building or works.
Fourthly. A peculiar construction and arrangement of stationary self acting
ventilators.
Fifthly. A peculiar construction and arrangement of ventilator or apparatus to
be applied to the ventilation of rooms having air or smoke flues, and the prevention
of down draughts, part of this apparatus being applicable to other like purposes.
Sixthly. A peculiar construction of vanes for ventilators driven by the wind.
Seventhly. The employment of a deflecting plate in combination with an
archimediau screw ventilator driven by the wind, and having a revolving spiral
dome or hood adapted to the said deflecting plate.
Eighthly. The employment of auxiliary blades in combination with an archimedian
screw ventilator driven by the wind.
Ninthly. The combination in a ventilator of a stationary deflecting plate, a
revolving archimedian screw, auxiliary blades, and spiral dome or hood driven by
the wind, the said dome or hood being adapted to the deflecting plate.
And in order that my said Invention may be fully understood, I. shall now
proceed more particularly to describe the same, and for that purpose shall refer to
the several Figures on the annexed Sheet of Drawings, the same letters of reference
indicating corresponding parts in all the Figures.
Figure 1 (Sheet 1) of the accompanying Drawings represents an end elevation of
a power archimedian screw ventilator constructed and arranged according to my
said Invention, and Figure 2 is a horizontal section of the same.
Figures 3 and 4, illustrated sectional elevation in combination of saturation boxes
with an archimedian screw ventilator, the two Figures representing respectively
two modifications of a saturation box.
Figures 5, 6, 7, and 8 are perspective views partly in section illustrating other
modifications of saturation boxes. Figure 9 is a vertical section illustrating the
'application of the power archimedian screw ventilator to the ventilation of sewers.
Figure 10 represents an elevation of a stationary self acting ventilator constructed
according to my said Invention; and Figure 11 is a horizontal section of the
same.
Figure 12 (Sheet 2) represents a vertical section of apparatus constructed
according to my said Invention for the ventilation of rooms having air or smoke

page_text: lues, and the prevention of down draughts, and Figure 13 is a horizontal section of
he same corresponding to Figure 12.
Figures 14, 15, and 16 illustrate my improvements in the construction of vanes
or ventilators driven by the wind, Figures 14 and 15 being respectively an
elevation and section of one of the vanes, and Figure 16 an elevation drawn to a
reduced scale of a ventilator with the improved vanes applied thereto.
Figures 17, 18, and 19 illustrate further implements in archimedian screw
ventilators driven by the wind, Figure 17 being an elevation of the ventilator;
Figure 18 a vertical section of the same, and Figure 19 a horizontal section taken
along the line 1-2, Figure 18.
Figures 1 and 2 represent a power archimedian screw ventilator constructed
according to my said Invention (the same being intended to be driven by a steam
engine or similar prime mover).
The apparatus consists of a cylinder A of iron or other suitable metal, or if
preferred wooden lags, inside which is arranged the archimedian screw B, which is
fitted in the following manner, videlicet:-The screw B is mounted fast upon a
shaft C, supported so as to be capable of revolving in two long bearings D, D; these
bearings are carried by brackets E, E, arranged in the interior of the cylinder A,
and secured thereto by bolts or by set screws passing through slots, whilst the
whole may be attached to a wall or other suitable support F by brackets G. By
means of the arrangement hereinbefore described economy in cost is obtained, and
the apparatus requires less power to drive. The apparatus so constructed may be
placed in any required position, either horizontally, vertically, or at an angle, and
be surmounted or fitted with any suitable revolving hood. It may thus form both
an exhauster and blower, as the screw exhausts the air, gas, or other product, and
the revolving hood may force it into any required conduit or receptacle. In
Figures 1 and 2 the apparatus is represented as placed horizontally, and I have
assumed that the apparatus is used chiefly for exhausting purposes; in this case, in
lieu of using a revolving hood, I employ by preference a fixed hood, cover, or
disperser, as shewn at H, which forms an important feature of my said Invention,
as by this means I obtain a better exhaust with a less expenditure of power.
may also, when the apparatus is used for blowing, apply a disc I, as shewn by
dotted lines in Figure 2, at the inlet to the screw cylinder A, so as to prevent any
return current.
I
The shaft C carries a pulley C' for receiving motion from the steam engine or
similar prime mover.
In Figure 3 the apparatus is shewn placed vertically, the outside brackets G, G,
being dispensed with. This Figure also in part illustrates another feature of my
said Invention, videlicet, the combination with an archimedian screw ventilator of
saturation boxes for cooling, drying, moistening, or impregnating air for every
description of building or works. K is a saturation box constructed with partitions
and baffle plates L, L, so arranged as to cause the air entering at M to follow a
circuitous course, and impinge upon the liquid at N contained at the bottom of the box,
and with which it is required, that the air shall be impregnated. The arrangement
illustrated in Figure 3 is suitable in cases where the air inside a room is required
to be cooled, as for example, for meat stores and the like, the number of
compartments in the saturation box being varied according to the degree of cold
desired. Similarly the said arrangement inay be used in those cases in which hot
moist air is required.
It is not essential that the saturation boxes should be constructed of the
particular form indicated in Figure 3, as they may be made of any other suitable
shape, as, for example, of the corrugated shape represented in Figure 4.
In the arrangement shewn in Figures 3 and 4 the archimedian screw exhaust
ventilator is assumed to be driven by a steam engine or other suitable prime mover,
In the case,
and the saturation boxes are directly connected to the exhauster.
however, of the smaller class of buildings the archimedian screw exhaust ventilators
may be provided with vanes, so as to be driven by the action of the wind, and the

page_text: saturation boxes may be separate from the ventilator, as, for example, they may
be placed under a window and arranged to communicate with the externa
atmosphere, whilst the ventilator is situate in a shaft or flue at, say, the opposite
side of the room.
Figures 5, 6, 7, and 8 represent saturation boxes adapted for this purpose. They
are made of galvanized iron plates formed to a zig-zag or semi corrugated shape, in
order that the air admitted at M and drawn through under the action of the
exhaust may be caused to impinge upon the liquid at N, with which the air is
required to be impregnated, before it is discharged at N¹ into the room or other
place to which it is to be supplied. The liquid may be water, either hot or cold,
according to circumstances; or steam may be supplied to the boxes either in
'substitution for or in addition to the liquid. In Figure 5 I have shewn the
interspace at O, between the bends of the corrugation, filled with hot or cold water,
which thus contributes to the production of the desired effect upon the air, but this
interspace may be arranged to form a steam chamber if found desirable.
In Figure 6 I have indicated two alternative arrangements, namely, 1, the use of
a finely perforated pipe P for the distribution of water, which descends upon a
plate P and is then interspersed in the form of a fine spray or mist over the
space through which the air is drawn, thus thoroughly saturating the air with
moisture.
2. A series of perforated gas pipes Q forming multiple gas jets for heating and
drying the air.
Figures 7 and 8 illustrate the use of steam coils Q' in substitution for the gas
jets, Figure 6.
For the purpose of drawing off the foul air or gas from sewers I apply the power
ventilator in the manner illustrated in Figure 9. The screw B, in its case A, as
hereinbefore described, is arranged within shaft R leading from the sewer, and the
revolving hood H', which is fast on the same shaft C as the screw, is situate
in a chamber S communicating with an uptake shaft T opening to the external
atmosphere or elsewhere as required. The screw by its revolution exhausts the
air or gas from the sewer, and the hood_forces the air into the chamber S and up
the shaft T, whence the air escapes. In my Drawings I have shown a shaft and
bevel gearing T¹ as the medium for transmitting the motive power to the ventilator.
The power may be obtained from any suitable agent, as, for example, steam or
water. Where the fall of the liquid sewage is sufficient the ventilator may be
driven by a liquid moter.
For the compression of air in cylinders, vaults, or rooms I employ ventilators
similar to that shewn in Figure 9, in which the screw exhausts and the revolving
hood or forcer compresses the air in a chamber, such as the chamber S represented
in that Figure.
In this case (and in the case of the ventilation of sewers also if desirable) the
chamber may be provided with a saturation box or boxes for the impregnation or
disinfection of the air or gas, and from the chamber extend tubes vertically,
horizontally, or at any required angle, the said tubes debouching and conducting
the air into the cylinders, vaults, or rooms. This arrangement is particularly
adapted for supplying compressed air to spinning rooms, weaving sheds, and other
works or public buildings.
I also construct stationary self acting ventilators in the following manner,
reference being had to Figures 10 and 11 of the Drawings:-V are plates of the
form of arcs of a circle with openings V' between the plates, which constitute the
external casing of the ventilator. Opposite the openings V₁ are other vertical
plates (W) approximating to the shape of the letter V, whilst opposite the centre of
the plates V are arranged inner V shaped angular plates marked X. The current
of air blown into any one of the openings V₁ is deflected by the vertical plate W
opposite thereto in two horizontal directions, and passes out at the next opening V₁ 5
on each side, exhausting the smoke, gas, or other products from the shaft above
which the ventilator is placed, the said smoke, gas, or other products passing out

page_text: between the angular plates, X and the plates W, and thence being expelled through
the openings V. By this construction of the ventilator I am enabled to provide
multiplex openings, so as to utilize the action of the wind from whatever quarter
it may emanate, and thus accomplish a result which is not attained by any other
description of ventilator of this class, whilst simplicity and consequent cheapness
are ensured.
When the ventilator is to be applied to the ventilation of rooms having air or
smoke flucs, and to the prevention of downdraughts, I construct it in the manner
illustrated in Figures 12 and 13 (Sheet 2) of the Drawings and next hereinafter
described.
Y is a cast metal box open on two sides, in the interior of which box are pro-
vided two bearings 1, 1, for a vertical spindle 2, which is connected by two wires
3, 3, to a valve Z; this valve is constructed of mica or other suitable material, and
arranged in connection with the front side of the box, so as to be capable when in
its closed position of covering the opening at that side, and when in its open
position of allowing an equal space for ventilation all round. The box Y (with the
valve Z and its appurtenances thus constructed and arranged) is fitted in an
opening in the chimney breast of an apartment, for example, so as to automatically
draw off vitiated air from the apartment whilst at the same time preventing down
draughts. The closed position of the valve is indicated in full lines in Figures 12
and 13, and the fully open position is denoted by dotted line in Figure 13, a stop 4
being provided in order to prevent the valve from being opened to an undue
extent. The bearings 1, 1, are provided with dust and smoke proof covers 5, 5, so
as to secure perfect working order under all conditions, this result being morcover
facilitated by the arrangement of the valve, which being vertical is not liable to
accumulate. soot or dust. The valve may also be used for preventing down
draughts in vertical or horizontal ventilating tubes and for other like purposes.
Another part of my said Invention relates to an improved form of vanes adapted
for use in the revolving hood of ventilators, known as Howarth's, and which is also
applicable to other ventilators of a similar type.
In carrying out this part of my said Invention (which is illustrated in Figures
14, 15, and 16) the vanes are so pressed or shaped that each vane has three hollows
or recesses a, a, a, and a flat surface bat each side of the recess.
This con-
struction is clearly shewn in the details, Figures 14 and 15, whilst Figure 16
represents the ventilator with the improved vanes applied thereto.
As a result of the application of this. part of my said Invention additional
strength is imparted to the vane generally, and in particular in the middle, whilst
the central hollow or recess a serves as a cup to catch the wind, and thereby
increase the speed and exhaust power of the ventilator.
My said Invention relates, lastly, to further improvements in archimedian screw
ventilators driven by the wind, the said improvements being illustrated in Figures
17, 18, and 10 of the Drawings.
In carrying out this part of my said Invention the cylinder A, in which the
archimedian screw B works, is provided at its upper part with a deflecting plate c,
which may be formed by attaching a plate to the cylinder or by forming as a
deflecting plate the cast iron ring heretofore used, by which means I entirely
obviate the ordinary loose or open vertical joint. The dome or hood H', which is
fast upon the same shaft C as the screw, is brought down so as to overlap the fixed
deflecting plate c, the space between the latter and the edge c¹ of the dome or hood
being arranged so as to be equal to the area of the diameter of the screw cylinder,
or larger in cases where dust is exhausted with the air.
The dome or hood is constructed with spiral vanes and receives rotary motion
under the action of the wind. I may, also employ, in combination with the
ventilator thus constructed, two blades d (see Figures 18 and 19) which are arranged
in the interior of the revolving dome or hood, and either secured to the latter or to
the shaft C, or to both, the latter arrangement being shewn in the Drawings.
These blades act as an auxiliary to the screw, creating a vacuum in the dome or

page_text: hood, and dispersing the air therefrom. As a result of their construction and
arrangement the driving power required to be exerted by the vanes is reduced,
whilst a compound exhaust action is obtained.
The number of auxiliary blades may be increased to three or more, if found
desirable.
The auxiliary blades may also be used in combination with the power arche-
medium screw ventilator, having a fixed hood, cover, or disperser, herein before
described.
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of my said
Invention and the manner in which the same is or may be used or carried into
effect, I would observe in conclusion that what I consider to be novel and original,
and therefore claim as the Invention secured to me by the herein before in part
recited Letters Patent is,--
•
First. The peculiar construction, arrangement, and combination of parts consti-
tuting a power archemedium screw ventilator, substantially as and for the purposes
herein before described, and as illustrated by Figures 1, 2, 3, 4, and 9 of the
accompanying Drawings.
Second. The employment in combination with the power archemedium screw
ventilator, constructed and arranged as herein set forth, of a fixed hood, cover, or
disperser, in conjunction or not with auxiliary blades, substantially as hereinbefore
described.
Third. The combination with an archimedium screw ventilator of saturation boxes,
constructed and arranged substantially in the manner and for the purposes
herein before described, and as illustrated in Figures 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8 of the
Drawings.
Fourth. The peculiar construction and arrangement of stationary self acting
ventilators, substantially as hereinbefore described and illustrated in Figures 10
and 11 of the Drawings.
Fifth. The peculiar construction and arrangement of ventilators or apparatus for
the ventilation of rooms having air or smoke flues, and the prevention of down
draughts, substantially as hereinbefore described and illustrated in Figures 12
and 13 of the Drawings.
Sixth. The employment of the valve Z, constructed and arranged substantially
in the manner and for the purposes hereinbefore described.
Seventh. The peculiar construction of vanes for ventilators driven by the wind,
substantially as hereinbefore described and illustrated in Figures 14, 15, and 16 of
the Drawings.
Eighth. The employment of a deflecting plate in combination with an archi-
medium screw ventilator driven by the wind, and having a revolving spiral dome
or hood adapted to the said deflecting plate, substantially as hereinbefore described
and illustrated in Figures 17 and 18 of the Drawings.
Ninth. The employment of auxiliary blades in combination with an archimedium
screw ventilator driven by the wind, substantially as herein before described and
illustrated in Figures 18 and 19 of the Drawings.
Tenth. The combination in a ventilator of a stationary deflecting plate, a revolving
archimedium screw, auxiliary blades, and spiral dome or hood driven by the wind,
the said dome or hood being adapted to the deflecting plate, substantially as
herein before described and illustrated in Figures 17, 18, and 19 of the Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said James Howarth, have to this my Specifi-
cation set my hand and seal, this Eighteenth day of November, One
thousand eight hundred and eighty.