Improvements in Apparatus for Moulding or Forming Bricks, Tiles, Earthenware Pipes, or the like.
Year: 1897

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Apparatus for Moulding or Forming Bricks, Tiles,
Earthenware Pipes, or the like.
I, EDWIN STANLEY CLARK, of Oak Alyn, near Wrexham, in the County of
Denbigh, Colliery Owner, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
:-
or
This invention relates to apparatus for moulding or forming bricks, tiles,
earthenware pipes or the like, and has mainly for its object to make such
apparatus more durable, to enable any part of it to be quickly repaired when so
required, to obviate the use of moleskin, and to minimize friction of the clay in
the mould, thereby reducing the pressure required to force the clay through.
By my invention, as applied to making bricks, the clay is fed into a pug mill
provided with rotary knives or cutters which comminute the clay, breaking the
lumps, and mixing it with the other materials of which bricks are made. The
stream of clay as it exudes from the mill is passed through a die formed of
metallic sections of various thicknesses as required fitted and bolted together
with porous material alternating between each metallic section, and constituting
a four sided or other shaped box open at each end. Through this die the streami
of clay is passed to mould it into the exact size and shape of a brick edgewise
lengthwise as required, and deliver it in one unbroken stream after which the
clay thus moulded is cut up into bricks by transverse moving knives or wires.
Each of these metallic sections, which may be of steel or other metal, is formed
at a distance from their working edges with a recess, into which is fitted a
wooden collar or frame which lies flush with the netallic sections and forms a
foundation for the porous material to be nailed or otherwise fastened to. These
metallic sections with their wooden collars or frames, and the porous material
between them, are bolted together by screw threaded bolts and nuts and enclosed
in a water jacket, which latter is in communication with the water supply. The
porous material, which may be of well woven felt, is able to absorb and deliver
water under pressure from the water jacket to the working surfaces of the die.
to form a lubricant for the stream of clay passing through, thus largely reducing
the friction on the sides of the die. It is in fact a metal die with its surface
lubricated by means of water, the flow of which can be regulated by tightening
up the bolts to squeeze the plates together and compress the porous material
between them or relax the same. The water jacket is in two parts, one bolted
to the mouthpiece of the mill, and the other (containing the built up sections
constituting the die) is bolted to it, the joint between the two being provided
with a rubber seating to ensure a water tight joint being effected. The mouth-
piece of the die is so constructed as to allow of renewal without destruction of
the water jacket. It will be obvious that the metallic sections, and the porous
material intervening between, which when bolted together constitute
the die, may be of any suitable shape on their inside or working
edges so as to produce the variety or shape of brick required such

page_text: as copings, bearers, slabs, bricks or blocks etc. and that furthermore
by hanging a series of mandrels or cores longitudinally in the die, hollow
or perforated bricks can be made without any alteration of the machinery, or by
changing the sections of which the die is built up, for sections of a different
shape the shape of bricks produced by the apparatus can be altered as required.
The invention as applied to making sanitary pipes or chimney tops is arranged
on substantially the same principle as for making bricks, but of course the
sections constituting the die or box are so shaped as to produce the shape of
pipe or chimney top required, thus for cylindrical pipes or chimney tops, the die
or box is circular and of the same diameter inside as the outside diameter of the
pipe, while a core is mounted longitudinally in the die of the same diameter out-
side as the inside diameter of the pipe. This core is formed also of metallic
sections with porous material between, nailed to wooden collars or rings to keep
it in place, and bolted up by means of bolts. The core is made hollow, and the
rod carrying the same is also hollow, the water required as a lubricant passing
down the tube holding the core and through the porous material. The core rod
is threaded at the end, and the core is adjusted by means of a tightening nut or
nuts.
By this invention the use of moleskin in brick dies is done away with, and the
dies can be made of steel, iron and other metal instead of in the ordinary practice
wood. The sections are easily renewable, the porous material is not exposed
except at its edge to the wear due to the clay passing through the die and the
wood parts to which the felt is nailed are not exposed at all. In making sani-
tary pipes as well as in making bricks the friction of the clay in the die is
largely reduced by the water lubrication, while a corresponding decrease of the
pressure required to force the clay through the die is secured.
In conclusion I wish it to be understood that I do not confine the present
invention to the making of wire-cut bricks or blocks as it can be applied equally
well to what are known as moulded bricks or those which are moulded complete
in the die without the aid of the transverse moving cutting wires.
Dated this 4th day of November 1897.
WM. P. THOMPSON & Co.,
Of 6, Lord Street, Liverpool, Patent Agents for the Applicant.
Improvements in Apparatus for Moulding or Forming Bricks, Tiles,
Earthenware Pipes, or the like.
I, EDWIN STANLEY CLARK, of Oak Alyn, near Wrexham, in the County of
Denbigh, Colliery Owner, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in
what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascer-
tained in and by the following statement:-
This invention relates to apparatus for moulding or forming bricks, tiles,
earthenware pipes or the like, and has mainly for its object to make such
apparatus more durable, to enable any part of it to be quickly repaired when so
required, to obviate the use of moleskin, and to minimise friction of the clay in
the mould, thereby reducing the pressure required to force the clay through and
to enable the clay to be used in a very hard state so that the bricks when cut off
are ready for pressing.
The invention will be understood from the following description, reference
being had to the accompanying drawings, in which.

page_text: Figure 1 is a sectional view of the apparatus for mouiding or forming bricks
and tiles;
Figure 2, a detail view;
Figure 3, a sectional elevation of the apparatus for making sanitary pipes or
chimney tops.
The
By my invention, as applied to making bricks, the clay is fed into a pug mill
provided with rotary knives or cutters which comminute the clay, breaking the
lumps, and mixing it with the other materials of which bricks are made.
stream of clay as it exudes from the mill is passed through a die A formed of
metallic sections B fitted and bolted together with porous material C alternating
between each metallic section, and constituting a four sided or other shaped box
open at each end, see Figures 1 and 2. Through this die the stream of clay
is passed to mould it into the exact size and shape of a brick edgewise or length-
wise as required and deliver it in one unbroken stream after which the clay thus
inoulded is cut up into bricks by transverse moving knives or wires. Each of
these metallic sections B, which may be of steel or other metal, is formed at a
distance from their working edges with a recess, into which is fitted a wooden
collar or frame D which lies flush with the metallic sections and forms a founda-
tion for the porous material C to be nailed or otherwise fastened to. These
metallic sections B with their wooden collars or frames D and the porous
material C between them, are bolted together by screw threaded bolts and nuts E
and enclosed in a water jacket F, which latter is in communication with the
water supply through pipe G. The bolts however have washers B¹ (Figure 2)
placed on them between each section B and porous insertion C.
The porous
material, which may be of well woven felt, is able to absorb and deliver water
under pressure from the water jacket F to the working surfaces of the die, to
form a lubricant for the stream of clay passing through, thus largely reducing
the friction on the sides of the die. It is in fact a metal die with its surface
lubricated by means of water, the flow of which can be regulated by tightening
up the bolts E to squeeze the plates B together and compress the porous material C
between them or relax the same, the washers B' preventing the felt insertions (
being compressed to such an extent as to prevent the passage of water.
water jacket may be in two parts, one f bolted to the mouthpiece of the mill, and
the other f (containing the built up sections constituting the die) is bolted to
it, the joint between the two being provided with a rubber seating H
to ensure a water tight joint being effected. The mouthpiece I of
the die is so constructed as to allow of renewal without destruction of
the water jacket. It will be obvious that the metallic sections, and the porous
material intervening between, which when bolted together constitute
the die, may
be of any suitable shape on their inside or working
edges so as to produce the variety or shape of brick required such
as copings, bearers, slabs, bricks or blocks of any regular shape, and that further-
more by hanging a series of mandrels.or cores longitudinally in the die, hollow
or perforated bricks can be made without any alteration of the machine, or by
changing the sections of which the die is built up, for sections of a different
shape the shape of bricks produced by the apparatus can be altered as required.
The top and bottom surfaces of the die are by preference parallel but the sides
have a taper of about two inches in their length.
The
The invention as applied to making sanitary pipes or chimney tops is arranged
on substantially the same principle as for making bricks, but of course the
sections constituting the die or box are so shaped as to produce the shape of
pipe or chimney top required, thus for cylindrical pipes or chimney tops, the die
or box A is circular inside (Figure 3) and of the same diameter inside as the out-
side diameter of the pipe, while a core A¹ is mounted longitudinally in the die
of the same diameter outside as the inside diameter of the pipe. This core A' is
formed also of metallic sections B' with porous material C¹ between, which may
be nailed to wooden collars or rings to keep it in place or it may be made with-

page_text: out the wooden collars and bolted up by means of bolts El. The core A¹ is made
hollow and its rod J is also hollow, the water required as a lubricant passing
down this rod into the core and through the porous material. The core rod is
threaded at the end, and the core is adjusted by means of a tightening nut or
nuts.
By this invention the use of moleskin in brick dies is done away with, and the
dies can be made of steel, iron and other metal instead of in the ordinary practice
wood. The sections are easily renewable, the porous material is not exposed
except at its edge to the wear due to the clay passing through the die and the
wood parts to which the felt is nailed are not exposed at all. In making sani-
tary pipes as well as in making bricks the friction of the clay in the die is
largely reduced by the water lubrication, while a corresponding decrease of the
pressure required to force the clay through the die is secured.
In conclusion I wish it to be understood that I do not confine the present
invention to the making of wire-cut bricks or blocks as it can be applied equally
well to what are known as moulded bricks or those which are moulded complete
in the die without the aid of the transverse moving cutting wires.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is:
1. The improvement in dies for moulding or forming bricks, tiles, earthenware
pipes or the like, which consists in forming them of metallic sections fitted and
bolted together with porous material between, in combination with water jackets
or chambers surrounding or located in the die, whereby the porous material will
absorb and deliver water from the jacket or chamber to the working surfaces of
the die and form a lubricant for the stream of clay passing through, the delivery
of water to the working surfaces being capable of regulation by tightening up
the bolts to compress the porous material between the plates or relaxing the same,
substantially as described.
2. The combination with the foregoing matter set forth in Claim 1, of washers
placed between the metallic sections and the felt insertions of the die substan-
tially as and for the purpose described.
3. In apparatus for moulding or forming bricks, tiles earthenware pipes or the
like, constructed of metallic sections with porous material between, forming each
of said sections at a distance from their working edges with a recess, and insert-
ing into this recess a collar or frame lying flush with the sections, and made of
wood or other material which is capable of acting as a foundation for the porous
material to be nailed to, substantially as described.
4. The general combined arrangement and construction of parts forming my
improved apparatus for moulding or forming bricks, tiles, earthenware pipes or
the like, substantially as described.
Dated this 3rd day of May 1898
WM. P. THOMPSON & Co.,
Patent Agents, of Liverpool, Manchester, Birmingham, and London