AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF STEAM BOILERS AND IN STEAM BOILER FURNACES
Year: 1853

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William David Paine, of Thomas Street,
Stamford Street, Lambeth, in the County of Surrey, Mechanical
Engineer, and George Alfred Paine, of Clark's Mews, Saint
Marylebone, in the County of Middlesex, Clock Maker, for the
Invention of "AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF STEAM
BOILERS AND IN STEAM BOILER FURNACES."
Sealed the 8th September 1853, and dated the 13th June 1853.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William David
Paine and George Alfred Paine at the Office of the Commis-
sioners of Patents, with their Petition, on the 13th June 1853.
We, WILLIAM DAVID PAINE and GEORGE ALFRED PAINE, do bereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE
CONSTRUCTION OF STEAM BOILERS AND IN STEAM BOILER FURNACES" to be as
follows:-
Our Invention relates, firstly, to a means of feeding furnaces with fuel,
the object being to effect a more economic consumption of fuel than
heretofore; and, secondly, to a mode of economizing in locomotive
boilers the heat thus generated. We construct in the furnace a

page_text: travelling platform for the reception of the fuel composed of bars,
which lie across the furnace instead of in a line with their progress,
and we link these bars together at their ends, and traverse them over
sustaining rollers. By this construction of travelling platform we are
enabled to turn the bars in much less space than heretofore, and thus
render travelling fire bars applicable to locomotive engines.
The adoption of this improvement in locomotive engines will enable
us to burn coal therein in lieu of coke, and thereby effect a great
economy in the item of fuel.
Under such circumstances, however, it will be desirable to lengthen
the flues in the boiler, so that the water contained therein may absorb
the heat of the flame and gases generated.
To this end we lead off the flame and gases when they have reached
the end of the furnace by means of branching side flues, which conduct
back the flame and gases to a chamber in connection with the ordinary
locomotive boiler tubes. The flame and heated gases, somewhat
reduced in temperature by passing through the side flues, which are
enveloped by water, will then enter the tubes, whence the unconsumed
gases will pass to the smoke box, and so make their exit at the
chimney.
To render the feeding of the fuel uniform we prefer to use a hopper,
within which a rotating fuel dropper is set. By providing this dropper
with blades set at an acute angle to its axis the coal may not only
be fed in given portions, but the large blocks may also be split to a
proper size.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said William David Paine and George Alfred Paine
in the Great Scal Patent Office, on the 13th December 1853.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we,
WILLIAM DAVID PAINE, of Thomas Street, Stanford Street, Lambeth,
in the County of Surrey, Mechanical Engineer, and GEORGE ALFRED
PAINE, of Clark's Mews, Saint Marylebone, in the County of Middlesex,
Clock Maker, send greeting.

page_text: WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Thirteenth day of June, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-three, in the six-
teenth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto us, the said William David Paine and George
Alfred Paine, Her special license that we, the said William David
Paine and George Alfred Paine, our executors, administrators, and
assigns, or such others as we, the said William David Paine and
George Alfred Paine, our executors, administrators, and assigns, should
at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times
thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might
make, use, exercisc, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Inven-
tion for AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF STEAM BOILERS AND
IN STEAM BOILER FURNACES," upon the condition (amongst others) that
we, the said William David Paine and George Alfred Paine, by an
instrument in writing under our hands and seals, or under the hand
and seal of one of us, should particularly describe and ascertain the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to
be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent
Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date
of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said William David Paine and
George Alfred Paine, do hereby declare the nature of our said Inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement, reference
being had to the Drawings hereunto annexed, and to the letters and
figures marked theron (that is to say):
Our Invention relates, firstly, to a means of feeding up fresh fuel
gradually to the hottest part of the furnace, the object being to effect
a more economic consumption of fuel than heretofore. Secondly, our
Invention relates to a mode of economizing the heat generated in the
furnaces of locomotive boilers.
In carrying out the first part of the Invention we construct in the
furnace a travelling platform for the reception of the fuel, which platform

page_text: is composed of bars that lie across the furnace instead of in a line with
their progress, and are linked together at their ends. These bars we
traverse over sustaining rollers or axles to which rotary motion is com-
municated in any convenient manner. By the use of this construction
of travelling platform we are enabled to turn the bars in much less space
than heretofore, and thus render travelling fire bars applicable to loco-
motive engines.
In the accompanying Drawing Fig. 1, shews in longitudinal sectional
elevation a locomotive engine fitted with our improved arrangement of
travelling fire bars. Fig. 2, is a sectional plan view of the same taken
in the line 1, 2, of Fig. 1; Fig. 3, is a cross section taken in the line 3, 4,
of Fig. 1; and Figures 4, and 5, are views of opposite ends of the loco-
motive boiler. a, a, a, represent a series of round bars placed parallel to
each other, and connected together by links b, b, which fit loosely on the
studded ends of the bars a, and with them constitute a travelling platform
for sustaining the ignited fuel and supplying fresh fuel to the furnace.
This travelling platform is supported by carrying rollers c, c, which
turn in bearings attached to the side plates of the furnace, and on the
axle of the roller c, a toothed wheel is mounted for the purpose of
gearing into the bars a, and communicating a slow progressive motion
to the platform. Rotary motion may be given to the axle c, either by
hand or by a train of gearing connected with the axle of one of the
running wheels of the engine.
To render the feeding of the fuel to the platform of travelling fire
bars uniform we prefer to use a hopper d, (see Fig. 1,) within which a
rotating fuel dropper e, is set. By providing this dropper with blades
set at an angle to the axis the coal may not only be fed at a given rate
to the fire bars, but the large blocks may also be split to a proper size.
When this mode of feeding the fuel to the furnace is adopted we
prefer to render the hopper self-acting by connecting the axle of the
dropper with the axle of one of the running wheels by means of a train
of gearing, suitably arranged for communicating a slow rotary motion
to the axle of the dropper. It will now be understood that if fuel is
supplied at proper times to the hopper d, the amount of fuel deposited
on the fire bars will, when the locomotive engine is in motion, be pro-

page_text: portioned to the requirements of the furnace, the amount being deter-
mined by the distance run by the engine.
The fucl also, as it falls on to the fire bars, will be carried forward and
gradually heated, so that, supposing coal to be used, the smoke will be
given off at such a rate as will admit of its complete combustion as it
passes to the bridge of the furnace. When burning coal in lieu of
coke it will be desirable to lengthen the furnace flues so that the water
contained in the boiler may absorb the heat of the flame and gases
generated.
To attain this end, which is the object of the second head of our
Invention, we propose to construct locomotive boilers in the manner
shewn in the Drawing, whereby the flame and gases when they have
reached the end of the furnace are led off by branching side flues, and
conducted back to a chamber in connection with the ordinary locomotive
boiler tubes.
This arrangement of flues will be best seen by reference to the plan
view Fig. 2, and the cross section Fig. 3, wherein f, is the central flue
leading directly from the fire-place and at the end of the boiler. This
flue f, is met by a cross flue g, which connects the side flues g*, g*,
together.
These flues g, lie parallel to the flue f, and enter a chamber h, at the
hind end of the engine, from which chamber the ordinary fire tubes i, i,
pass through the water space of the boiler to the smoke box k. By
this arrangement it will be understood that the gases of combustion
given off from the fire-place will, by reason of the length of flue through
which they are compelled to traverse, be greatly reduced in temperature
before they enter the smoke box, and thus an increased evaporating
power will be obtained in locomotive engines without an increase in
the expenditure of fuel. 7, is an open flue leading from the ash-pit to
the forward end of the engine (see the end view, Fig. 4), its object
being to meet the air as the engine is travelling, and to pass in a stream
to the fire, the supply being chiefly at that point where the combustion
is required to be most perfect, viz, at the bridge of the furnace, whereby
the passage of smoke to the flue f, is effectually prevented.
Having now described our Invention of an improvement in the

page_text: construction of steam boilers and in steam boiler furnaces, we wish it
to be understood that under the above in part recited Letters Patent
we claim,―
First, the employment of travelling fire bars constructed as above
explained, whether applied to the furnaces of stationary, marine, or
locomotive boilers, whereby a great economy of space is effected in the
turning of the bars.
Secondly, we claim constructing the flues of locomotive boilers as
above described, whereby we are enabled to economize the heat
generated by the combustion of the fuel in the furnace.
In witness whereof, we, the said William David Paine and
George Alfred Paine, have hereunto set our hands and seals,
the Thirteenth day of December, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and fifty-three.
Witness,
FRED. WALKDEN,
66, Chancery Lane.
(L.S.)
W. D. PAINE.
GEO. A. PAINE. (L.S.)