Improvements in Tickets for Checking the Receipt of Fares from Passengers Riding in Public Vehicles and in the Means Employed therewith.
Year: 1887

page_text: Date of Application, 23rd Apr., 1887.
Specification Accepted, 27th May, 1887.
Improvements in Tickets for Checking the Receipt of Fares from
Passengers Riding in Public Vehicles and in the Means Employed
therewith.
JOHN MELTON BLACK Tabernacle Street, Finsbury City of London, Gentleman,
do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner tho same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-
This Invention is designed to provide a thorough and effective system for checking
the receipt of fares from passengers riding in public vehicles, and relates more parti-
cularly to a development of that system at present in vogue in which consecutively
numbered tickets are distributed to passengers in exchange for their fares, the color
of each ticket delivered denoting its value, the said ticket so delivered or paid out being
defaced by a Bell Punch instrument which removes a small portion therefrom which
it deposits in a sealed or locked receptacle for subsequent counting and examination,
the number and color of the pieces so deposited represent the aggregate amount of
fares received by the conductor during the period he has had the Bell Punch
instrument in use. The objects which the present Invention is designed to secure
are:-
1st. To get rid of the possibility which now exists in the old ticket system of tickets
when once used being again re-sold or delivered by the conductor to passengers.
2nd. To avoid the present complication that results from the use of special bundles
of consecutively numbered tickets of various colors for various fares.
3rd. To establish a more efficient system of check upon the monies received as fares
by conductors of public vehicles.
In order that the manner in which I perform the Invention may be well understood,
I will proceed to describe the same in connection with a public vehicle travelling for
example over a route divided into five sections each representing one penny fare,
reference being had to the accompanying drawings in which Fig. 1 represents the
front of one of the tickets I propose to use for effecting the purpose of this Invention in
which the sections of the route are marked in figures, and Fig. 2 is a similar ticket on
which the sectional localities are used in place of numbers. Figs. 3 and 4 represent

page_text: similar descriptions of tickets designed to be used one on the up journey, and one on
the down journey, the terminal localities only of each section being placed in the
margin, in the order in which they would occur according to the direction in which
the vehicle is running.
Figs. 5 and 6 represent tickets of a similar description to that shewn at Figs. 3 and 4
the form of which is differently arranged.
Fig. 7 represents a back view of the ticket shewn at Fig. 1.
Fig. 8 represents a back view of the ticket shewn at Figs. 5 and 6, and
Fig. 9 represents the form of index tablet I employ when carrying out this improved
system of checking the receipt of fares.
The new form of Ticket shewn at Figs. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 is to be used in connec-
tion with the instrument well known as the Bell Punch" or other like or similar
checking instrument which is employed for punching and registering the number of
tickets issued to passengers, and in the place of using separate bundles or packets of
tickets of various colors each of which are consecutively numbered according to their
class or value. I use by this improved system only one form of consecutively numbered
ticket for all fares, say for example ranging from the value of one penny up to six
pence, and for all distances embraced by these fares whether direct or overlapping.
The sample of ticket shewn at Figs. 1, 2, 3 and 4 on a portion of its front surface is
divided into a double line of squares a and b the upper ones a bearing numbers repre-
senting the different fare values, and the lower ones are colored in accordance with
the fare values they represent for example the first square under the 1d. may be Blue
(plain) that under the 2d. Red (striped) that under the 3d. Orange (plain) that under
the 4d. Blue (striped) that under the 5d. Red (plain) and that under the 6. Orange:
striped, these colors on the front squares are represented on the back by numbers or
figures corresponding to their values as shewn at Fig. 7, and Fig. 8 is a back view of Figs. 5
and 6. The front of the Ticket on the remaining portion of its surface is printed in a
margin with numbers from one to six representing the different stages or sections of
the route over which the vehicle runs as shewn at Fig. 1. or the sectional localities
may he placed in these divisions in lieu of numbers as shown at Fig. 2 or when separate
tickets are used for the up and down journies of any particular route, then the
terminals of each section are printed on the tickets as shewn at Figs. 3 and 4, the
remaining or intermediate surface of the ticket may set forth the name or style of
the proprietor or company to whom the vehicle on which the tickets are used belongs.
I also provide each vehicle with a tablet similar to that shewn at Fig. 9 on which the
stages or sections of the route are marked in one column having figures opposite each
section corresponding with the number (if numbers are used) on the division repre-
senting the section of route on the ticket, a second similar column is left blank, this
tablet may be called the "index form," and must be hung in a conspicuous place in
the vehicle.
The manner in which the tickets shewn at Figs. 1, 2, 3, 4 and 7 are to be employed
will now be understood. The conductor when first starting on his journey places upon
the index form opposite the section he is then on, the number and alphabetical series
letter of the ticket he first commences paying out.
Now suppose the passengers entering the vehicle are proceeding to various destina-
tions along the line of route, those going the shortest distance of any one section
receive tickets from which the punch instrument removes a Blue portion of the ticket
representing 1d. into its sealed receptacle and whilst the ticket is held in the punch,
he then by the use of a pair of small nippers snips a piece out of the sectional division
on the opposite edge of the ticket which represents the destination or extent of journey
for which the passenger has paid his fare, before he delivers it to such passenger in
oxchange for his fare.
For the higher fares he proceeds in like manner, first to punch the color portion of
the ticket on which the figure representing the money value of the fare is printed, and
secondly snips the other portion representing the terminal section to which the fare
has been paid, and at the termination of each section of the route he marks on the
"index form the number of the ticket last paid out.
"

page_text: By this arrangement it is obvious that a passenger travelling a distance longer than
that for which his fare was paid will enable the passenger as well as the inspector or
conductor at once to detect the same not alone by the colour of his ticket; but by the
"snip" in the division representing the place or section to where his fare was paid,
the excess fare thus incurred will be demanded, further in the event of a dispute
arising as to the distance travelled, the consecutive number of a ticket when compared
with the "index form " will at once determine the exact locality where the ticket was
first handed to the passenger. The form of tickets shown at Figs. 5 and 6 are designed
for serving a similar purpose to the tickets shewn at Figs. 3 and 4 already described,
but as the arrangement is somewhat different and the snipping instrument is dispensed
with, I will proceed to describe the purpose of its form and use. The ticket whether
for the up or down journey has two marginal columns, with two intermediate margins
or spaces dividing one column from the other in which the fare values are printed.
These columns are divided into colored divisions representing the fare value of the
section of the route to be travelled by the passenger, for example the column c is
divided into the section of the route which would represent 1d. fares, and may be
white, the opposite division on the ticket would represent 2d. fares colored Blue, a
third division may represent 3d. fares colored Red, a fourth division representing id.
fares colored Orange, on each one of these divisions, the terminal station representing
the fares to be paid for any particular section are printed, take for example the route
from Victoria Station, Westminster, to Liverpool Street, City, having six terminal
stations, but only five sections. The fare for each of these sections is Id. for three
sections 2d. for four sections 3d., and for the whole distance of five sections 4d. The
terminal stations represented on the divisions occupying one margin of the ticket (as
shewn at Figs. 5 and 6) are the Id. sections and comprise the whole number of
terminal stations on the route, any three of which can be travelled over for 2d., any
four of which can be travelled for 3d., and the whole of the sections for 4d. The
terminal stations for the 2d. fares are printed on the Blue division of the opposite
column. The terminal stations for the 3d. fares representing four sections are printed
on the Red division of the same column, and the final terminal stations representing
five sections is printed on the division of the column colored Orange. When the
conductor is distributing the tickets to the passengers, take for example those passengers
travelling over any one of the 1d. sections, he will with his punch instrument, punch
out a piece of the ticket in the division representing the terminal stations of the
section to which the passenger is travelling, in exchange for which ticket he receives ld.
If a passenger desires to travel over two sections only, there being no fare for two
sections, he will have to pay the fare for three sections, the terminal stations of which
are printed in the Blue division of the opposite column, which is punched out by the
conductor for which he receives 2d. If a passenger desires to travel four sections,
the terminal stations representing this distance are printed in the Red division of the
same column which the conductor punches out in exchange for 3d., and if a passenger
travels all the way, the final terminal station is printed in the division of the column
colored Orange, which the conductor punches out in exchange for 4d. thus it is
evident that at whatever station the passenger joins the vehicle, the ticket will answer
the purpose as above described. With this system the tablet shewn at Fig. 9 is
used in manner as described in connection with the tickets shewn and described at
Figs. 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5. The instruments containing the pieces punched from the tickets
when handed in for examination are counted as is usual in order to enable the proprietors
to ascertain with accuracy the amount of fares received.
It will thus be seen that the objects secured by this system of check are,
1st. In the event of the conductor attempting to re-sell an old ticket, he will be
met with the following obstacles.
(a) The consecutive number of the fraudulent ticket would have to correspond
with the consecutive number ranging with that section of the route as shewn
by the "index form," exposed to view on the vehicle.
(b) The alphabetical series of the fraudulent ticket would also in a like manner
have to correspond with the alphabetical series then in use.

page_text: (c) The pieces snipped or punched out of the sectional division of the fraudulent
ticket would have to agree with the destination of the terminal section the
passenger intends asking for.
(d) The colored portion of the fare value of the fraudulent ticket punched out
would have to be the same as that required by the passenger.
2nd. By confining the issue of tickets for all fares to one form of consecutively
numbered ticket as hereinbefore described in place of separate bundles of colored
tickets for each separate fare, the exact locality where the passenger joins the vehicle
is determined by the consecutive number on the "index form," and also materially
simplifies the issue of tickets by the conductor, and the collection of fares.
3rd. By this improved system of the use of one ticket for all fares the conductor is
unable to define the value of each ticket issued during the day's journies, and thereby
prevented from making or manipulating the summary of the days work correspond
with the tickets in hand which he delivers up together with the "index form," thus
necessitating the payment into the exchequer of the company, the whole of the day's
receipts, which are subsequently checked in the usual manner by the examiners of the
punch instruments. It is obvious that this form of ticket is easily applicable, whether
used in bundles or rolls.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said Invention,
and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I claim is,
1. The novel employment and use of tickets in connection with the instrument well
known as the Bell Punch or similar instrument for checking the receipt of fares from
passengers riding in public vehicles of one instead of a number of bundles or rolls of
consecutively numbered tickets, which will comprise on one ticket the range of fares
in value and color or design representing the sections of the route over which the
vehicle travels, and on which such tickets are used. The said tickets to be employed
in the manner, and for the purpose as substantially set forth herein.
2. The novel form and description of ticket shewn at Figs. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8
or any modification of the same on which the various amounts of fares are conspicuously
printed, each fare being represented by a distinct and separate color or design together
with the number of terminal stations or their equivalent, in the opposite margin of the
ticket representing the section of the route over which the vehicle travels, the said
tickets to be used in conjunction with the tablet or "index form" shown at Fig. 9, in
the manner and for the purpose as herein substantially described, set forth and
illustrated in the drawings annexed.
Datod this 23rd day of April 1887
THOMAS WRIGLEY,
36, High Holborn, W.C.,
Agent to Applicant.

page_text: This Specification was, upon the 3rd day of September, 1887 amended under
Sections 18 to 21 of the Patents, Designs, and Trade Marks Act, 1883.
Improvements in Tickets for Checking the Receipt of Fares from
Passengers Riding in Public Vehicles and in the Means Employed
therewith.
JOHN MELTON BLACK Tabernacle Street, Finsbury City of London, Gentleman,
do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-
This Invention is designed to provide a thorough and effective system for checking
the receipt of fares from passengers riding in public vehicles, and relates moro parti-
cularly to a development of that system at present in vogue in which consecutively
numbered tickets are distributed to passengers in exchange for their fares, the color
of each ticket delivered denoting its value, the said ticket so delivered or paid out being
defaced by a Bell Punch instrument which removes a small portion therefrom which
it deposits in a scaled or locked receptacle for subsequent counting and examination,
the number and color of the pieces so deposited represent the aggregate amount of
fares received by the conductor during the period he has had the Bell Punch
instrument in use. The objects which the present Invention is designed to secure
are:-
1st. To get rid of the possibility which now exists in the old ticket system of tickets
when once used being again re-sold or delivered by the conductor to passengers.
2nd. To avoid the present complication that results from the use of special bundles
of consecutively numbered tickets of various colors for various fares.
3rd. To establish a more efficient system of check upon the monies received as fares
by conductors of public vehicles.
In order that the manner in which I perform the Invention may be well understood,
I will proceed to describe the same in connection with a public vehicle travelling for
example over a route divided into five sections each representing one penny fare,
reference being had to the accompanying drawings in which Fig. 1 represents the
front of one of the tickets 1 propose to use for effecting the purpose of this Invention in
which the sections of the route are marked in figures, and Fig. 2 is a similar ticket on
which the sectional localities are used in place of numbers. Figs. 3 and 4 represent

page_text: similar descriptions of tickets designed to be used one on the up journey, and one on
the down journey, the terminal localities only of each section being placed in the
margin, in the order in which they would occur according to the direction in which
the vehicle is running.
Figs. 5 and 6 represent tickets of a similar description to that shewn at Figs. 3 and 4
the form of which is differently arranged.
Fig. 7 represents a back view of the ticket shown at Fig. 1.
Fig. 8 represents a back view of the ticket shown at Figs. 5 and 6, and
Fig. 9 represents the form of index tablet I employ when carrying out this improved
system of checking the receipt of fares.
The new form of Ticket shown at Figs. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 is to be used in connec-
tion with the instrument well known as the "Bell Punch" or other like or similar
checking instrument which is employed for punching and registering the number of
tickets issued to passengers, and in the place of using separate bundles or packets of
tickets of various colors each of which are consecutively numbered according to their
class or value. I use by this improved system only one form of consecutively numbered
ticket for all fares, say for example ranging from the value of one penny up to six
penco, and for all distances embraced by these fares whether direct or overlapping.
The sample of ticket shewn at Figs. 1, 2, 3 and 4 on a portion of its front surface is
divided into a double line of squares spaces a and b the upper ones a bearing numbers
representing the different fare values, and the lower ones are colored in accordance
with the fare values they represent for example the first square under the 1d. may be
Blue (plain) that under the 2d. Red (striped) that under the 3d. Orange (plain) that
under the 4d. Blue (striped) that under the 5d. Red (plain) and that under the 6d.
Orango striped, these colors on the front squares spaces are represented on the back
by numbers or figures corresponding to their values as shown at Fig. 7, and Fig. 8 is
a back view of Figs. 5 and 6. The front of the Ticket on the remaining portion of
its surface is printed in a margin with numbers from one to six representing the
different stages or sections of the route over which the vehicle runs as shown at Fig. 1.
or the sectional localities may be placed in these divisions in lieu of numbers as shown
at Fig 2 or when separate tickets are used for the up and down journics of any particular
route, then the terminals of each section are printed on the tickets as shewn at Figs. 3
and 4, the remaining or intermediate surface of the ticket may set forth the name or
style of the proprietor or company to whom the vehicle on which the tickets are used
belongs. I also provide each vehicle with a tablet similar to that shewn at Fig. 9 on
which the stages or sections of the route are marked in one column having figures
opposite each section corresponding with the number (if numbers are used) on the
division representing the section of route on the ticket, a second similar column is
left blank, this tablet may be called the "index form," and must be hung in a.
conspicuous place in the vehicle.
The manner in which the tickets shewn at Figs. 1, 2, 3, 4 and 7 are to be employed
will now be understood. The conductor when first starting on his journey places upon
the index form opposite the section he is then on, the number and alphabetical series
letter of the ticket he first commences paying out.
Now suppose the passengers entering the vehicle are proceeding to various destina-
tions along the line of routo, those going the shortest distance of any one section
receive tickets from which the punch instrument removes a Blue portion of the ticket
representing 1d. into its sealed receptacle and whilst the ticket is held in the punch,
he then by the use of a pair of small nippers snips nippers or punch snips or punches
a piece out of the sectional division on the opposite edge of the ticket which represents
the destination or extent of journey for which the passenger has paid his fare, before
he delivers it to such passenger in exchange for his fare.
For the higher fares he proceeds in like manner, first to punch the color portion of
the ticket on which the figure representing the money value of the fare is printed, and
secondly snips punches the other portion representing the terminal section to which
the fare has been paid, and at the termination of each section of the route he marks
on the "index form" the number of the ticket last paid out,

page_text: แ
By this arrangement it is obvious that a passenger travelling a distance longer than
that for which his fare was paid will enable the passenger as well as the inspector or
conductor at once to detect the same not alone by the colour of his ticket; but by the
snip" in the division representing the place or section to where his fare was paid,
the excess fare thus incurred will be demanded, further in the event of a dispute
arising as to the distance travelled, the consecutive number of a ticket when compared
with the "index form" will at once determine the exact locality where the ticket was
first handed to the passenger. The form of tickets shewn at Figs. 5 and 6 are designed
for serving a similar purpose to the tickets shewn at Figs. 3 and 4 already described,
but as the arrangement is somewhat different and the snipping instrument is dispensed
with, I will proceed to describe the purpose of its form and use. The ticket whether
for the up or down journey has two marginal columns, with two intermediate margins
or spaces dividing one column from the other in which the fare values are printed.
These columns are divided into colored divisions representing the fare value of the
section of the route to bo travelled by the passenger, for example the column c is
divided into the section of the route which would represent Id. fares, and may be
white, the opposito division on the ticket would represent 2d. fares colored Blue, a
third division may represent 3d. fares colored Red, a fourth division representing 4d.
fares colored Orange, on each one of these divisions, the terminal station representing
the fares to be paid for any particular section are printed, take for example the route
from Victoria Station, Westminster, to Liverpool Street, City, having six terminal
stations, but only five sections. The fare for each of these sections is 1d. for three
sections 2d. for four sections 3d., and for the whole distance of five sections 4d. The
terminal stations represented on the divisions occupying one margin of the ticket (as
shewn at Figs. 5 and 6) are the 1d. sections and comprise the whole number of
terminal stations on the route, any three of which can be travelled over for 2d., any
four of which can be travelled for 3d., and the whole of the sections for 4d. The
terminal stations for the 2d. fares are printed on the Blue division of the opposite
column. The terminal stations for the 3d. fares representing four sections are printed
on the Red division of the same column, and the final terminal stations representing
five sections is printed on the division of the column colored Orange. When the
conductor is distributing the tickets to the passengers, take for example those passengers
travelling over any one of the 1d. sections, he will with his punch instrument, punch
out a piece of the ticket in the division representing the terminal stations of the
section to which the passenger is travelling, in exchange for which ticket he receives Id.
If a passenger desires to travel over two sections only, there being no fare for two.
sections, he will have to pay the fare for three sections, the terminal stations of which
are printed in the Blue division of the opposite column, which is punched out by the
conductor for which he receives 2d. If a passenger desires to travel four sections,
the terminal stations representing this distance are printed in the Red division of the
same column which the conductor punches out in exchange for 3d., and if a passenger
travels all the way, the final terminal station is printed in the division of the column
colored Orange, which the conductor punches out in exchange for 4d. thus it is
evident that at whatever station the passenger joins the vehicle, the ticket will answer
the purpose as above described. With this system the tablet shewn at Fig. 9 is
used in manner as described in connection with the tickets shown and described at
Figs. 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5. The instruments containing the pieces punched from the tickets
when handed in for examination are counted as is usual in order to enable the proprictors
to ascertain with accuracy the amount of fares received.
It will thus be seen that the objects secured by this system of check are,
1st. In the event of the conductor attempting to re-sell an old ticket, he will be
met with the following obstacles.
(a) The consecutive number of the fraudulent ticket would have to correspond
with the consecutive number ranging with that section of the route as shewn
by the "index form," exposed to view on the vehicle.
(b) The alphabetical series of the fraudulent ticket would also in a like manner
have to correspond with the alphabetical series then in use.

page_text: (c) The pieces snipped or punched out of the sectional division of the fraudulent
ticket would have to agree with the destination of the terminal section the
passenger intends asking for.
(d) The colored portion of the faro value of the fraudulent ticket punched out
would have to be the same as that required by the passenger.
2nd. By confining the issue of tickets for all fares to one form of consecutively
numbered tickets as hereinbefore described in place of separate bundles of colored
tickets for each separate fare, the exact locality where the passenger joins the vehicle
is determined by the consecutive number on the "index form," and also materially
simplifies the issue of tickets by the conductor, and the collection of fares.
3rd. By this improved system of the use of one ticket for all fares the conductor is
unable to define the value of each ticket issued during the day's journies, and thereby
prevented from making or manipulating the summary of the days work correspond
with the tickets in hand which he delivers up together with the "index form," thus
necessitating the payment into the exchequer of the company, the whole of the day's
receipts, which are subsequently checked in the usual manner by the examiners of the
punch instruments. It is obvious that this form of ticket is easily applicable, whether
used in bundles or rolls.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said Invention,
and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I claim is,
1. The novel employment and use of tickets in connection with the instrument well
known as the Bell Punch or similar instrument for checking the receipt of fares from
passengers riding in public vehicles of one instead of a number of bundles or rolls of
consecutively numbered tickets, which will comprise on one ticket the range of fares
in value and color or design representing the sections of the route over which the
vehicle travels, and on which such tickets are used. The said tickets to be employed
in the manner, and for the purpose as substantially set forth herein.
2. The novel form and description of tickets shewn at Figs. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8
or any modification of the same on which the various amounts of fares are conspicuously
printed, each fare being represented by a distinct and separate color or design together
with the number of terminal stations or their equivalent, in the opposite margin of the
ticket representing the section of the route over which the vehicle travels, the said
tickets to be used in conjunction with the tablet or "index form" shewn at Fig. 9, in
the manner and for the purpose as herein substantially described, set forth and
illustrated in the drawings annexed.
Dated thi 021
Ր
1007
THOMAS WRIGLEY,
36, High Holborn, W.C.,
Agent to Applicant.