Improvements in Diminishing the Wear of the Bearings of Rotating Shafts and of the Parts of the Shafts Working in the Bearings.
Year: 1890

page_text: Date of Application, 7th June, 1890
Complete Specification Left, 12th Dec., 1890-Accepted, 31st Jan., 1891
Improvements in Diminishing the Wear of the Bearings of Rotating
Shafts and of the Parts of the Shafts Working in the Bearings.
I JENNER GUEST MARSHALL of Westcott Barton Manor in the County of
Oxford Mechanical Engineer do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be
as follows:
In certain kinds of machinery the shafts and the bearings of the shafts are
immersed in granular or powdered material or are otherwise exposed to dust which
material or dust produces a grinding action between the shaft and bearing and
results in the rapid wear of the shaft and bearing. For example the transfer of
sand and other materials from place to place is sometimes effected by troughs
having rotating shafts with Archimedian screws by the action of which screws the
sand is transferred from one end of the trough to the other. Particles of the
material insinuate themselves between the bearings and the parts of the shafts
working in the bearings. The object of my invention is to prevent wholly or in
part the admission of dust or particles between the bearings and the parts of the
shafts working in the bearings.
I will describe my invention in its application to a trough having an Archimedian
screw such as is employed in the transfer of sand. The open trough and the
brackets supported on the top of the trough for carrying the bearings differ from
those ordinarily employed, only in the respect that I make the said brackets in two
halves joined vertically for convenience in introducing and removing the hearings
when necessary the bearings at their middle having a bulbous or spherical figure to
permit of a slight rocking or swivelling motion in the supporting bracket.
The shaft I employ is tubular and is divided crosswise near the bearing the two
ends of the divided tubular shaft being connected by a gudgeon or solid cylinder
fitting tightly in and fixed to the hollow shaft so as to rotate with it. That part of
the gudgeon between the opposed ends of the tubular shaft constitutes the neck of
the shaft and that part alone works in the bearing. The bearing consists of a tube
preferably of brass having nearly the same internal and external diameters as the
tubular shaft and of such a length that it extends nearly from one opposed end of
the divided shaft to the other. The tubular bearing has at its middle the bulbous
or spherical enlargement herein before referred to. In order to prevent the
entrance of sand into the space between the ends of the bearing and the ends of the
tubular shaft place a short flexible tube of canvas or the like on the opposed ends
of the bearing and tubular shaft that is on the parts on each side the supporting
bracket the said canvas tubes covering the annular spaces between the ends of the
tubular parts of the shafts and the ends of the bearings. The said short canvas
tubes are fixed at one end either to the end of the tubular shaft or to the bearing
according to the direction in which the sand is travelling. Thus assuming the sand
to travel from left to right the canvas tube is fixed on that end of the tubular shaft
which is on the left of the bracket while on the right of the bracket the canvas tube
is fixed on the tubular end of the bearing. The unfixed end of the canvas tube
turns freely on the left of the bracket on the bearing and on the right of the bracket
on the end of the tubular part of the shaft.
The free ends of the canvas tubes
may be supplied with oil or other lubricant to diminish the friction. By the
arrangements described the sand is effectually prevented from entering between
the shaft and bearing and the wear of these parts which would otherwise occur is
prevented.
Instead of making the short flexible tube of canvas it may be made of leather or

page_text: vulcanised india rubber or other flexible material; or the said tubes may be made
of metal. My invention is applicable to shafts and bearings which are not immersed
in powdered or granular material but are exposed to dust floating in the air.
My improvements are also applicable to shafts and bearings which are exposed
to wet and to particles carried by the wet such for example as shafts and bearings
situated underground.
The application of my invention to shafts and bearings other than the shafts
and bearings of Archimedian screws differs in no essential respect from its application
to an Archimedian screw as hereinbefore described.
Dated this 7th day of Tune 1800
W. T. WHITEMAN,
Agent for the Applicant.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Diminishing the Wear of the Bearings of Rotating
Shafts and of the Parts of the Shafts, Working in the Bearings.
I JENNER GUEST MARSHALL of Westcott Barton Manor in the County of
Oxford, Mechanical Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of my invention and
the manner in which the same is to be performed to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement:
-
In certain kinds of machinery the shafts and the bearings of the shafts are
immersed in granular or powdered material or are otherwise exposed to dust which
material or dust produces a grinding action between the shaft and bearing and
results in the rapid wear of the shaft and bearing. For example the transfer of
sand and other materials from place to place is sometimes effected by troughs having
rotating shafts with Archimedian screws by the action of which screws the sand is
transferred from one end of the trough to the other. Particles of the material
insinuate themselves between the bearings and the parts of the shafts working in
the bearings. The object of my invention is to prevent wholly or in part the
admission of dust or particles between the bearings and the parts of the shafts
working in the bearings.
will describe my invention in its application to a trough having an Archimedian
screw such as is employed in the transfer of sand. The open trough and the
brackets supported on the top of the trough for carrying the bearings differ from
those ordinarily employed only in the respect that I make the said brackets in two
halves joined vertically for convenience in introducing and removing the bearings
when necessary, the bearings at their middle having a bulbous or spherical figure
to permit of a slight rocking or swivelling motion in the supporting bracket.
The shaft employ is tubular and is divided crosswise near the bearing the two
ends of the divided tubular shaft being connected by a gudgeon or solid cylinder
fitting tightly in and fixed to the hollow shaft so as to rotate with it. That part of
the gudgeon between the opposed ends of the tubular shaft constitutes the neck of
the shaft and that part alone works in the bearing. The bearing consists of a tube
preferably of brass having nearly the same internal and external diameters as the
tubular shaft and of such a length that it extends nearly from one opposed end of
the divided shaft to the other. The tubular bearing has at its middle the bulbous
or spherical enlargement herein before referred to. In order to prevent the entrance
of sand into the space between the ends of the bearing and the ends of the tubular
shaft I place a short flexible tube of canvas or the like on the opposed ends of the
bearing and tubular shaft; that is, on the parts on each side the supporting bracket,
the said canvas tubes covering the annular spaces between the ends of the tubular
parts of the shaft and the ends of the bearings.
fixed at one end either to the end of the tubular
to the direction in which the sand is travelling.
from left to right the canvas tube is fixed on that
The said short canvas tubes are
shaft or to the bearing according
Thus assuming the sand to travel
end of the tubular shaft which is

page_text: on the left of the bracket while on the right of the bracket the canvas tube is fixed
on the tubular end of the bearing. The unfixed end of the canvas tube turns
freely on the left of the bracket on the bearing and on the right of the bracket on
the end of the tubular part of the shaft. The free ends of the canvas tubes
may be supplied with oil or other lubricant to diminish the friction.
arrangements described the sand is effectually prevented from entering between
the shaft and bearing and the wear of these parts which would otherwise occur is
prevented.
By the
I will now proceed to describe with reference to the accompanying drawing, the
manner in which my invention is to be performed.
Figure represents in end elevation (with a portion of the tubular shaft removed)
and Figure 2 in longitudinal section my improvem:nts applied to a trough in
which an Archimedian screw works (not shown in the drawing) for transferring
the sand or other material contained in the said trough from one end of it to the
other end, the shaft of the screw and its bearing being immersed in the sand in
the trough.
The same letters of reference indicate the same parts in both figures.
a is the open trough containing the sand to be transferred and 6, is the rotating
tubular shaft of the Archimedian screw working in the said trough; ce is the
hanging bracket, the eye or socket 2 of which carries the rotating shaft and its
bearing, the said bracket being supported on the top of the trough as best seen
in Figure 1. The said bracket is made in two halves joined vertically for facility
in introducing and removing the bearing when necessary the halves of the bracket
being bolted together by screw bolts and nuts at d, d. The bearing of the shaft
supported by the bracket is marked e. It consists of a brass tube having the same
or nearly the same internal and external diameters as the tubular shaft 62 (see
Figure 2) and has the length represented. The middle of the bearing is made
bulbous or has a spherical enlargement at e² and the eye or socket c² of the bracket c
has a corresponding shaped seat for permitting the bearing to have a slight rocking
or swivelling motion in the said bracket. The rotating tubular shaft of the
Archimedian screw is divided crosswise near the bearing into two parts marked
respectively and 12 as seen in Figure 2 the opposed ends of the divided shaft
abutting and working against the ends of the bearing e. The divided ends 662 of
P
the rotating tubular shaft are connected together by the gudgeon or solid cylinder
fitting tightly in and bolted or otherwise fastened to the ends of the tubular shaft
so as to rotate with it. The ends of the gudgeon g may extend any required
distance into the ends of the parts of the tubular divided shaft or the journal
may be turned in a solid shaft instead of being made up of the tubular shaft
represented and a solid gudgeon.
It will be seen by examination of Figure 2 that that part of the gudgeon or solid
cylinder marked extending between the opposed ends of the tubular shaft
constitutes virtually the neck or journal of the shaft and that part alone works in
the bearing e.
, are the short flexible tubes of canvas or other like material to prevent the
entrance of sand into the spaces between the ends of the bearing e and the ends b, b2
of the divided tubular shaft. These short flexible tubes are fixed over the
opposed ends of the bearing and tubular shaft so as to cover the annular spaces
between them the flexible tube being connected by the divided clip & to the
end of the divided tubular shaft and the other flexible tube i being connected
by a similar clip to the tubular part of the bearing e on the right hand side of
the supporting bracket. This arrangement for fixing the flexible tubes is necessary
when the sand is travelling in the direction of the arrow Figure 2 that is from left
to right, the free or unfixed end of the flexible tube on the rotation of the
tubular shaft turning freely on the bearing e on the left of the bracket c and the free
or unfixed end of the flexible tube i turning freely on the end of the tubular
shaft. When however the direction of the travelling of the sand in the trough a is
reversed the fixing of the ends of the flexible tubes h, i must be reversed, that is,

page_text: the end of the tube must be fixed to the bearing e and the end of the Hexible
tube must be fixed to the end of the rotating tubular shaft. It is preferred to
supply the free or unfixed ends of the flexible tubes with oil to diminish the
friction between them and the rubbing parts of the shaft and bearing.
By means of the flexible tubes h, the sand travelling in the trough a is prevented
from entering between the ends of the divided rotating shaft and the tubular
ends of the bearing e and the grinding action of the sand between the moving parts
and consequent wear which would otlierwise occur is prevented.
The several bearings and the parts of the shafts working in the bearings
supported in the trough are constructed and arranged as far as the flexible tubes
are concerned in the manner herein before described and illustrated in the drawing.
Instead of making the short flexible tubes of canvas they may be made of leather
or vulcanized india rubber or other flexible material or the said tubes may be
made of flexible metal.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my invention
and the manner in which the same is to be performed I declare that I claim as my
invention of Improvements in diminishing the wear of the bearings of rotating
shafts and of the parts of the shafts working in the bearings
6:
12
The combination with a tubular bearing supported in a bracket, of the rotating
shaft of an Archimedian conveyor a portion of which shaft constitutes the neck or
journal of the shaft and works in the bearing and the use with the said bearing and
shaft of shout flexible tubes fixed at one end to the shaft or to the bearing for the
purpose of covering the annular spaces between the ends of the tubular parts of
the bearing and the shaft and thereby preventing the entrance of sand or other
powdered on granular material or dirt between the shaft and bearing, the said
Hexible tubes being arranged and combined with the shaft and bearing substantially
as hereinbefore described and illustrated in the accompanying drawing.
Dated the 10th day of December 1890.
JENNER GUEST MARSHALL.