IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM BOILERS, AND HEATING APPARATUS PERTAINING TO THE SAME
Year: 1881

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Edwin Ambrose Brydges, of the Firm of Brydges and
Co., of No. 73, Koeniggraetzer Strasse, in the City of Berlin, in the Kingdom
of Prussia and German Empire, for an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
STEAM BOILERS, AND HEATING APPARATUS PERTAINING TO THE SAME" A
.communication by Josef Schreiber and Franz Heinrich Moldenhauer, both of
the City of Vienna, in the Austrian Empire.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Edwin Ambrose Brydges at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 3rd December 1881.
EDWIN AMBROSE BRYDGES, of the Firm of Brydges and Co., of No. 73, Koenig-
graetzer Strasse, in the City of Berlin, in the Kingdom of Prussia and German
Empire. "IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM BOILERS, AND HEATING APPARATUS PER-
TAINING TO THE SAME." A communication by Josef Schreiber and Franz Heinrich
Moldenhauer, both of the City of Vienna, in the Austrian Empire.
This Invention relates to improvements in steam boilers and heating apparatus
pertaining to the same, and is specially adapted for employment in connection with
small motors or engines.
The boiler consists of two parts, the upper boiler and the lower boiler, which
said parts are connected steam tight to each other by means of suitable rivets or
bolts or their equivalents, and by incans of a suitable ring of angle iron.
The upper boiler is larger in diameter than the lower boiler, and rests on a cast
iron ring, which said ring is fixed to a cast iron standard of cylindrical or other
suitable form. The boiler and also the standard are provided with a sheet metal
jacket to prevent radiation in the latter case, and to serve as a heating chamber
around the boiler in the former case. The products of combustion ascend in the
space between the walls of the boiler and the outer jacket or casing, and escape as
customary into the chimney, whilst the space between the standard and the jacket
or casing is filled out with a nonconducting material.
Boiler tubes of copper or other suitable metal are firmly screwed or otherwise
attached in borings in the bottom of the boiler, so that the said tubes extend
DC2

page_text: downwards towards the firing; these said tubes are closed at their lower ends and
open at their upper ends,
Metallic steam tubes are firmly driven or screwed into the upper open ends of
the boiler tubes, and extend upwards above the upper water level, and into the
steam chest chamber or space of the boiler.
Water pipes of smaller diameter than the above mentioned, and closed at their
upper, but open at their lower ends, are suspended in the boiler and steam tubes
by means of a small piece of pipe or tubing, so that the lower open ends of the
water tubes or pipes are only a short distance above the inner surface of the closed
end of the boiler tubes.
The steam and water tubes are bored to receive the small pipe or tube, which
said pipe or tube is open at both ends, and so provided with a boring in the lower
central portion of the same that water enters at both ends into the small pipe or
tube, Blows through the opening in the water tube or pipe, and from thence on to
the closed end of the boiler tube. All the joints in the before mentioned tubing
are made stea mtight.
The water in the boiler enters as mentioned above at both ends in the pipe or
tube, and lows through the opening in the said pipe or tube down the inner water
tube on to the bottom of the boiler tube. The bottom of the said boiler tube
being that part of the boiler which is subject to the greatest heat from the furnace
or heating surface, acts in an extremely rapid manner on the water admitted by
means of the small pipe, and causes a very rapid generation of steam in the said
boiler pipe or pipes, or tube or tubes. The steam so generated ascends in the
space between the outer surface of the inner or water tube and the interior surface
of the boiler tube, and through the upper or steam tube into the steam chest, space,
or chamber of the boiler, consequently does not come in contact with the water
in the boiler, but reaches the steam chest, chamber, or space in a dry condition.
In order to superheat the steam so generated without increasing the consumption
of fuel a system of tubing is employed, so as to take the steam from the domelike
upper part of the boiler.
A pipe attached to a larger pipe passes upwards between the standard and the
casing or jacket of the same to the outer side of the boiler jacket, where the said
pipo is provided with a suitable rock or valve; the said pipe passes from thence
through borings in the boiler jacket and wall of the boiler into the boiler itself
below the water level in the same.
As mentioned above this said pipe or tube is connected at its lower end to a
larger pipe or tube.
This said larger pipe or tube is laid in a series of coils around the boiler tubes,
und is attached to the interior surface of the cast iron standard. One end of this
pipe is carried in vertical direction upwards' through a boring in the standard
between the double walls, or between the wall of the upper part of the boiler and
the jacket or casing, and is led through a boring in the wall of the boiler into the
upper part of the steam chest, space, or chamber of the said boiler.
The opposite end of this pipe or tube passes through borings in the standard and
its jacket or casing, and is externally of the said jacket provided with a steam cock
or valve, and also a water outlet cuck or valve.
When steam is to be got up the cock or valve of the branch pipe is opened, and
water admitted into the coiled pipe until the water in the said pipe has reached
the level of the water in the boiler, so that the said coiled pipe now represents a
portion of the boiler, id est, when steam is being got up. As soon as the steam in
the steam chest, space, or chamber has attained the desired pressure, the cock to
the branch pipe is closed, and the supply of water to the coiled pipe cut off.
The water now remaining is entirely or to a great extent converted into steam,
and passes direct into the steam chamber, space, or chest.
Before opening the steam valve or cock leading to the motor or engine any
water still remaining in the coiled pipe is let off by means of the water cock, which
said cock is closed as soon as steam alono escapes from the same.

page_text: The steam cock or valve is now opened, and steam admitted into the motor or
engine. Before reaching the steam cock the steam has to pass from the steam
chest, space, or chainber through the coiled pipe, and this pipe being exposed to
the action of the products of combustion from the henting surface, superheated
steum alone is admitted to the said motor or engine.
Should the motor or engine remain stopped for a considerable period of time,
the coiled pipe is again filled with water, and the above described operation
repeated.
A feed pipe is arranged in coils inside the nonconducting material which
surrounds the standard, so that the water may get heated before entering the
boiler.
The cast iron standard is provided at the lower portion of the same with a door,
through which a stove or heating apparatus on rollers is introduced into the
apparatus, which said stove or heating apparatus consists of an upper and lower
compartiment. The upper compartment consists of a cylinder of sheet iron lined
with fire brick, and gradually tapering towards the top.
The lower compartiment consists of a cylinder of sheet iron closed at top and
bottom by means of suitable plates, and also formos the support for the upper part,
the joint being rendered air tight in any suitable manner. The top plate or cover
to the lower compartment is perforated in order to be able to force a blast through
the grating into the fire.
A system of steam pipes emanating from a common connection is attached
underneath this top plate and between the before mentioned blast openings or
perforations. Fine holes in the said steam pipes also communicate with the spaces
between the fire bars, and through these said fine holes or perforations a portion of
the exhaust steam from the cylinder is forced into the firing material. By
admitting this steam in a series of shocks, and by the continuous Hame of the coal
maintained by the blast, the steam is reduced to fine spray form, which promotes
combustion and serves to increase the production of heat.
Fuel is supplied to the fire through shutes or funnels.
A modification of the heating apparatus arranged for burning petroleum or other
bydro carbon in connection with a blast arrangement can be employed.
This heating apparatus consists of a sheet metal cylinder closed by plates at top
and bottom, and divided into two compartments by a horizontal plate. This said
stove or heating apparatus is also provided with rollers for being introduced into
the heating space of the standard.
The blast enters into the lower chamber, and for this purpose the partition is
provided with a number of perforations.
A cylindrical tube closed at the top by a cover provided with fine perforations
is soldered into each of the aforesaid perforations or borings of the partition
plate.
A somewhat longer pipe is snugly fitted over the said pipe or tube.
This latter or wick pipe is open at the top, and serves to receive the wick, which
is drawn over the same. A third pipe placed over the wick is so arranged that
the same stands somewhat higher than the wick pipe or tube, and is perforated
at its lower portion in order to admit the petroleum or other hydrocarbon. The
wick itself is made of asbestos fabric, asbestos paste board, or fine asbestos threads.
The Rid pipes for the petroleum beating apparatus extend above the top of the
petroleum chamber, and also beyond the plate which separates the heating com-
partment from the petroleum reservoir, thus preventing the petroleum from
becoming heated.
For furthering the last purpose and to allow cold air to play around the furnace,
the standard is left without doors.
The petroleum is introduced by means of a suitable tube or pipe, and in order
to maintain a uniform level of the petroleum an overflow pipe is employed.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said Edwin Ambrose Brydges in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
2nd June 1882.
EDWIN AMBROSE BRYDGES, of the Firm of Brydges & Co., of No. 73, König-
grätzer Str., in the City of Berlin, in the Kingdom of Prussia and German
Empire. "IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM BOILERS, AND HEATING APPARATUS PER-
TAINING TO THE SAME." A communication by Josef Schreiber and Franz Heinrich
Moldenhauer, both of the City of Vienna, in the Austrian Empire.
This Invention relates to improvements in steam boilers and heating apparatus
pertaining to the same, and is specially adapted for employment in connection with
small motors or engines.
In order that this said Invention may be fully understood the same is described
in the following Specification, reference being had to the accompanying Drawings,
in which Fig. 1 is a vertical section through the boiler and heating apparatus;
Fig. 2, a horizontal section through the boiler and the tubes employed in connection
with the same.
Fig. 3 is a longitudinal section of one of the boiler's tubes on an enlarged scale;
Fig. 4 a vertical section through the heating apparatus when petroleum or other
hydrocarbon is employed.
Fig. 5, a vertical section of one of the burners for hydrocarbon shewn on an
enlarged scale; and Fig. 6 a section through the tubes shewing an employment of
corrugated metal for the tubes.
The boiler A consists of two parts, the upper boiler a' and the lower boiler a*,
which said parts are connected steam-tight to each other by means of suitable rivets
or bolts or their equivalents, and by means of a suitablo ring of angle iron b¹.
The boiler a' is larger in diameter than the lower boiler a and rests on a cast iron
ring B, which said ring is fixed to a cast iron standard M of cylindrical or other
suitable form. The boiler A and also the standard M are provided with a sheet
metal jacket c', c, to prevent radiation in the latter case and to servo as a heating
chamber around the boiler A in the former case.
The products of combustion ascend in the space between the wall of the boiler A
and the outer jacket or casing c¹ and escape as customary into the chimney, whilst
the space between the standard and jacket or casing c is filled out with a non
conducting material.
C, C, are tubes of copper or other suitable metal which are firmly screwed or
otherwise attached in borings in the bottom of the boiler A so that the said tubes C
extend downwards towards the firing, the said tubes C are closed at their lower
ends and open at their upper ends.
D, D, uro metallic tubes which are driven or screwed into the upper ends of the
tubes C and extend upwards above the water level and into the steam compartment 4
or chamber or space of the boiler A.
E, E, are pipes or tubes of smaller diameter than the pipes D and C, which said
pipes E are closed at their upper ends and open at their lower ends, and are
suspended in the tubes C, D, by means of a small piece of pipe or tubing G, so that
the lower open ends of the tubes E are only a short distance above the inner 4
surface of the closed end of the tubes C.
The tubes D and E are bored to receive the small pipe or tube G, which said
pipe or tube is open at both ends and so provided with a boring H in the lower
central portion of the same that water enters at both ends into the small pipe or
tube G, flows through the opening H into the tube or pipe E and from thence on 5

page_text: to the closed end of the tube C. All the joints in the Derorementioned tubing are
made steam tight.
The water in the boiler enters as mentioned above at both ends in the pipe or
tube G and flows through the opening H in the said pipe or tube, down the inner
tube E on to the bottom of the tube C, as shewn by the arrows.
The bottom of the said tube C being that part of the boiler which is subject to
the greatest heat from the furnace or heating surface acts in an extremely rapid
manner on the water admitted by means of the pipe G and causes a very rapid
The steam so
generation of steam in the said pipe or pipes or tube or tubes C.
generated ascends in the space between the outer surface of the inner tube E and
the interior surface of C through the upper tube D into the steam chest, space, or
chamber of the boiler, consequently does not come in contact with the water in the
boiler but reaches the steam chest, chamber, or space in a dry condition.
In order to superheat the steain so generated without increasing the consumption
of fuel a system of tubing is employed so as to take the steam from the dome like
upper part of the boiler. A pipe I is attached to a larger pipe or tube L at the
point, passes upwards between the standard M and the casing or jacket c³ to the
outer side of the jacket c', where the said pipe is provided with a suitable cock or
valve K, the said pipe passes from thence through borings in the jacket c¹ and the
wall of the boiler A into the boiler itself below the water-level in the same.
As before mentioned the pipe or tube I is connected at its lower end to a larger
pipe or tube L. This said pipe L is laid in a series of coils around the boiler
tubes C and is attached to the interior surface of the cast iron standard M. One
end of this pipe L is carried in vertical direction upwards through a boring in the
standard M between the double walls or between the wall of the upper part a¹ of
the builer and the jacket or casing c', and is led through a boring in the wall of
the builer into the upper part of the steam chest, space, or chamber of the said
boiler.
The opposite end of this pipe or tube passes through borings in the standard M
and jacket or casing c², and is externally of the said jacket c³ provided with a steam
cock or valve N and a water or outlet cock or valve n.
As soon as
When steam is to be got up the cock or valve K of the branch pipo I is opened
and water admitted into the coiled pipe L until the water in the said pipe L has
reached the level of the water in the boiler, so that the said coiled pipe L now
represents a portion of the boiler id est when steam is being got up.
the steam in the steam chest space or chamber has attained the desired pressure
the cock K to the branch pipe I is closed and the supply of water to the coiled
pipe L is cut off. The water now remaining is entirely or to a great extent
converted into steam and passes direct into the steam chamber, space, or chest.
Before opening the steam valvo or cock N leading to the motor or engine any
water still remaining in the coiled pipe L is let off by means of the water cock n,
which said cock is closed as soon as steam alone escapes from the same.
The steam cock or valve N is now opened and steam admitted into the motor or
engine. Before reaching the cock N the steam has to pass from the steam chest,
space, or chamber, through the coiled pipe L, and this pipe being exposed to the
nction of the products of combustion from the heating surface superheated steam
alone is admitted to the said motor or engine. Should the motor or engine remain
stopped for a considerable period of time the coiled pipe L is again filled with
water and the above described operation repeated.
O is a feed pipe, which is arranged in coils inside the non-conducting material
which surrounds the standard M, so that the water may get heated before entering
the boiler.
The cast iron standard M is provided at the lower portion of the same with a
door, through which a stove or heating apparatus on rollers is introduced into the
apparatus, which said stove or heating apparatus consists of an upper and lower
compartment.
The upper compartment a consists of a cylinder of sheet iron lined with fire

page_text: bricks or fire clay and gradually tapering towards the top. The lower com-
partment consists of a cylinder of sheet iron closed at top and bottom by means
of suitable plates, and also forms the support for the upper part a, the joint
being rendered air-tight in any suitable manner. The top plate or cover P to the
lower compartment is perforated, so that a blast may be forced through the grating
into the fire.
A system of steam pipes emanating from a common connection is attached
underneath this top plate P and between the before mentioned blast openings or
perforations. Fine holes in the said steam pipes also communicate with the spaces
between the fire bars, and through the said fine holes or perforations a portion of
the exhaust steam from the engine or motor is forced into the firing material.
By admitting this steam in a series of shocks, and by the continuous flame of
the coal maintained by the blast, the steam is reduced to fine spray, which promotes
combustion and increases the production of heat.
Fuel is supplied to the fire through shutes or funnels, as shewn in the
Drawing.
•
Fig. 4 and 5 shew a modification of the heating apparatus arranged for
burning petroleum or other hydrocarbon in connection with a blast arrangement.
The heating apparatus consists of a sheet iron cyclinder closed by plates at top
and bottom and divided into two compartments T and U by a horizontal plate S.
This said stove or heating apparatus is also provided with rollers for being
introduced into the heating space of the standard M.
The blast enters into the lower chamber, and for this purpose the partition S is
provided with a number of perforations.
A cylindrical tube V closed at the top by a cover provided with fine perforations
is soldered into each of the aforesaid perforations or borings of the plate S.
A somewhat larger pipe W is snugly fitted over the said pipe or tube V. This
latter pipe W is open at the top and serves to receive the wick, which is drawn
over the same. A third pipe X placed over the wick is so arranged that the same
stands somewhat higher than the pipe W, and is perforated at its lower portion in
order to admit the petroleum or other hydrocarbon. The wick itself is made of
asbestos fabric, asbestos paste board, or fine asbestos threads.
The pipes V, W, and X extend above the top of the petroleum chamber and also
beyond the plate Y, which separates the heating compartiment from the petroleum
reservoir, thus preventing the petroleum from becoming heated.
For furthering the last purpose, and to allow cold air to play around the furnace,
the standard M is left without doors.
The petroleum is introduced by a pipe Z, and in order to maintain the same at a
uniform level an overflow pipe Z' is employed.
Having now described this said Invention, and the manner of carrying the same
into effect, I desire it to be understood that the component parts of the same can
be modified without departing from the tenor of this Invention, but what I claim
and desire to have secured by Letters Patent is,-
1. The construction, arrangement, and employment of the boiler tubes C, D, E,
F, H, in order to attain a rapid generation of steam in the boiler A, substantially
as described in the foregoing Specification and shown in the accompanying
Drawings.
2. The arrangement and employment of the coiled tube L, the pipe or tube I,
and the cocks K, N, n, so that the coiled tube acts as part of the boiler in getting
up steam, and as superheating apparatus during the working of the motor or
engine, substantially as described in the foregoing Specification and shewn in the
accompanying Drawings.
3. The construction, arrangement, and employment of the air chamber b and the
perforated plate P, so as to permit the blast air to enter between the fire bars, in
communication with the perforated pipe, in order to attain a perfect combustion of
the firing materials, and so that the entire heating apparatus can be easily removed
from under the boiler by freeing the pipe couplings and drawing the said beating

page_text: apparatus out by means of the rollers or wheels with which the same is provided,
substantially as described in the foregoing Specification and shewn in the accom-
panying Drawings.
4. The construction and arrangement of the heating apparatus for petroleum or
other hydrocarbon, which said apparatus is divided into two sections T and U by
means of a partition plate S, whereby the lower section or compartment T is
employed as an air chamber and the upper section serves as receptacle for petroleum
or other hydrocarbon, substantially as described in the foregoing Specification and
shown in the accompanying Drawings.
5. The arrangement and employment of the tubes V, W, X, and the safety
plate Y, for preventing the overheating of the petroleum, in combination with the
tubes or pipes -- for regulating the level of the petroleum or other hydrocarbon,
substantially as described in the foregoing Specification and shewn in the accom-
panying Drawings.
6. The general construction and arrangement of the parts, substantially as
described in the foregoing Specification and shewn in the accompanying
Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said Edwin Ambrose Brydges, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Twentieth day of May, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and eighty two.
Witnesses,
GUSTAV EHLEN,
JOHN O. TONKIN.
EDWIN A. BRYDGES. (L.s.)