IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR RAISING WATER
Year: 1839

page_text: DE L'OSIER'S SPECIFICATION.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, GERMAIN
LE NORMAND DE L'OSIER, of the Tavistock Hotel, Covent Garden, in the
County of Middlesex, Merchant, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her present most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date at West-
minster, the Eighth day of May, in the second year of Her reign, did, for
Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said Germain
Le Normand De L'Osier, Her especial licence, full power, sole privilege and
authority, that I, the said Germain Le Norinand De L'Osier, my exors, admors,
and assigns, or such others as I, the said Germain Le Normand De L'Osier, my
exors, admors, or assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from.
time to time and at all times during the term of years therein expressed,
should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within England, Wales,
and the Town of Berwick-upon Tweed, the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY FOR RAISING WATER," communicated to me by a certain Foreigner
residing abroad; in which said Letters Patent is contained a proviso that I,
the said Germain Le Normand De L'Osier, shall cause a particular description
of the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be inrolled in Her said Majesty's High Court of Chancery within
six calendar months next and. immediately after the date of the said in part
recited Letters Patent, as in and by the same, reference being thereunto had,
will more fully and at large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
Germain Le Normand De L'Osier, do hereby declare the nature of the said

page_text: Invention, and the manner in which the same is to be performed, are fully
described and ascertained in and by the following statement thereof, reference
being had to the Drawings hereunto annexed, and to the figures and letters
marked thereon, that is to say):
.
The Invention relates to a mode of raising water by means of a partial 5
vacuum produced by the velocity of the flow of steam through pipes or other
such ways; and in order to give the fullest information in my power, I will
proceed to describe the Drawings hereunto annexed.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING MARKED No. 1."
Figure is a vertical section of the apparatus. Figure 2 is a plan of 1
Figure 1. A is the tube leading from the steam boiler; B is the stop lock to
shut off the steam when not required; C, the tube which I call the vacuum
tube; D and E, tubes through which the air flows; F, the tube into which
the steam passes in its escape to the chimney or into the open air; it is also
through this tube that the air passes. a represents the openings for the steam 1
in the pipe F, shewn in section at Figure B; two of these openings are
circular, parallel, and concentric, the two others are plain, and their direction
tends to the common centre of the circles' generating from the two others.
The sectional form of the tubes may be varied to any form required. The
interior diameter of the tube D is equal to from fourteen to fifteen of that
of E, and the diameter of E of fifteen to eighteen of the tube F. The size of
the opening at a is about one tenth of the size of tube F. These proportions
may be varied, but I have found them produce good results in working with
a pressure of steam equal to five atmospheres. The pressure may be increased
or decreased by the regulation of the opening a. X, X, are the cylinders 2
containing the principal parts used in the apparatus; K is a vacuum chamber;
I, I, pipes communicating between the receiver K and the cylinder X, X;
M, the cock in the pipe C; S, T, are gauges to ascertain the state of the
rarefied air.
3
Having described the parts, I will now shew the manner of putting it into a
operation. Steam being generated at a pressure of five atmospheres, the two
cocks B and M being closed, on opening the cock B the steam will flow
-through the opening a; its continued passage through the tube F carries
away the air in the cylinder X, X, and produces a partial vacuum in K; the
mercury of the guage T will rise to the height of fifty, or: fifty-five:centemetres g
above the cup; then, on opening the cock M, and the air in the pipe C will
rush through the pipes D, E, without materially altering the state of the partial
vacuum cylinder X, X, and of the chamber K with which it is in communication,

page_text: and one miercury age, stead of being depressed, will rise some.
centemetres higher. If the degree of the vacuum will be indicated by the
mercury at thirty centemetres above the cup, with this apparatus you can
maintain a constaut partial vacuum or removing of air in any recipient.
I will now proceed to describe-another-modification of the apparatus, there
being two vacuum vessels in place of one..
".
DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING MARKED No. 2.
Figure 1.is a vertical section, and Figure 2 a plan of the same. A, the tube
leading to the steam boiler; B, the cock to shut off the steam when not
required; C, the pipe communicating with the apparatus from which atmo-
spheric air is to be withdrawn; D and E, tubes through which the air flows;
F tube into which the steam flows; and it is also through this tube that the
air from the tubes D and E flows with the steam; a. is the opening for the
escape of the steam, shewn full size at Figure B; G, tube into which the
steam and the air comes from the part of the apparatus to be now described;
R, R, is a tube leading to the vacuum chamber O; 'Q, conical tube commu-
nicating with the chamber O,. through which passes the air into the tube G
by the pipe R; H is the escape pipe for the steam and air into the atmosphere
K and L are the air vessels or receivers.; I, I, and Y are pipes connecting
the receivers K and L to the cylinder X and P; S, T, and U are the guages
indicating. the different states of the rarefied air; X, X, and P are the
cylinders.
The operation of this apparatus is as follows:-The steam being generated
to a pressure of five atmospheres, and the three cocks B, M, and N, being
closed, on opening B the steam will flow through the orifice a; by the con-
tinued action of this through the tube the air is withdrawn from the cylinder X
and the chamber K, and the mercury will rise, in the guage to. fifty or fifty-
five degrees above the cup, and will there remain. On opening the cock M
a constant withdrawing of air will take place, and it will rush with con-
siderable velocity, and the state of vacuum in K, X, will not be materially.
altered, and the mercury in the guage T is raised higher. The continued
action of the steam and air through the tube G rarefies the air in the
receiver L and in the cylinder P, and the mercury in the guage U rises to
forty centemetres above that of its cup, and is kept there on opening the cock N,
and the air issuing from the chamber in connection with the tube R will flow
through the conical tube Q into the tube G. The state of the air in the
receiver L and the cylinder P. is not at all changed, but the mercury in the
guage Swill rise thirty centemeters. Fresh supplies of air can be admitted.

page_text: be used in a similar manner to the second, when required, by admitting the
atmospheric air through the pipes R, R.
DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING No. 3.
Figure 4 is a
Figure 1 is a plan of the apparatus suitable for raising water from one level
to another when worked by either of the apparatus Drawing No. 1 or No. 2.
Figure 2 is an elevation of the same. These having been previously de-
scribed in the preceeding Drawings, I have not thought it necessary to repeat
the description. Figure 3 is a vertical section of the exhausting or draining
machine, from a line drawn from P to Q, shewn at Figure 4.
plan of the stage No. 1, as shewn at Figure 3, from a line drawn from N
to O. S, S, S, are the receivers placed one above the other at equal distances;
T, T, T, are the ascending tubes, terminating in the receiver S. The lower
part of the tube T of the stage No. 1 is placed on the well or other source of
water Y, Y, and the lower parts of the other tubes are placed in the re-
ceivers S. The number of these stages may be increased or decreased accord-
ing to the height that the water is required to be raised. To the top of each
of the ascending tubes T is a valve Y; Z is the tube through which the air
is withdrawn. The lower end of this tube is open and plunged in the water
of the well Y, Y; it is connected with the pneumatic apparatus by this tube
K, and with the recipients S, S, S, by the small tubes U, U, U. X, X, X,
are the floats; V, V, V, are the air valves. In the top of the upper receiver
S is attached a bent discharge tube W, closed by a valve W'; R is the re-
servoir for the water when raised; Œ shews where a pipe may be fixed to
conduct the water to any place required. To put this machine into operation
the cock E is to be opened, Figures 1 and 2 of the apparatus, the air and
steam flowing into the atmosphere by the tubes F, F, and the mercury of the
guage I will rise to fifty or fifty-five centemetres above its cup. The cock L
is then opened, and the air contained in the interior of the exhausting machine
will flow through the tube K across the pnemuatic apparatus with a great speed,
at least two hundred centemetres per second, and will flow into the atmosphere
with the steam. The discharge of the air across the apparatus does not in any
way effect. the state of the vacuum, as may be ascertained by the mercury in
the
guage
I always remaining at the same height. The height of the mercury
in the guage M will always indicate the state of the air contained in the
exhausting machine; when it is about thirty-one or thirty-two centemetres, the
receiver S of. the stage No. 1 is full of water drawn from the well. Y, Y; the
float will then raise the. small valves V, V, and close the orifice U, for the

page_text: discharge of the air, against which it will be held fast. The atmospheric air
being admitted through the small openings. of the valves V, the valve Y closes,
and the pressure on the water in the receiver forces it up into the receiver S of
the stage No. 2. The same operation is performed in the stages Nos. 2 and 3
as that described with regard to No. 1; it is not, therefore, necessary to repeat
the description. The air valves of the stages Nos. 1 and 3 are opened at the
same time by their floats that they are closed in the stage No. 2, the float of
which will be in its original position. The water, when raised to the upper
receiver at the stage No. 3, flows through the tube W into the large reservoir
R, and the valve W is raised to allow it to pass freely; during this time the
water is again flowing into the receiver of the stage No. 1. Besides this tube
W in the receiver S of the stage No. 3, there is another, which is not shewn
in the Drawing; the object of it is to regulate the opening of the valve by
means of a screw, in order to regulate the flow of the water in such manner that
the float X shall press against the air escape pipe at the same time that the
float of the stage No. 2 raises its air valves and the float of the stage No. 1
presses against the opening of the air escape pipe. In order that the floats
should properly perform the functions that are assigned to them, they must be
so constructed that the power which they acquire by the quantity of water
displaced will be sufficient to raise its proper weight and to overcome the
resistance which the pressure of the air exercises upon the air valves and the
weights of the same valves, and also that when the receivers are empty their
weight (allowing for the part which is sustained by the water in the tube in
which they are placed) will be sufficient to overcome the resistance of the
pressure of the air, which keeps it pressed against the opening of the air
escape pipe. The air escape pipe Z, Z, is placed in the water of the well
Y, Y, in order that if the water in the receiver (S, S, S,) should flow into it
through the tube U, U, it may fall down into the well. This machine may
also be worked by using any number of air vessels that may be required.
Having thus described the nature of the Invention, I would have it under-
stood that what I claim is, the mode of raising water by means of a partial
vacuum, produced by the velocity of a flow of steam through pipes or such
like ways, as above described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Germain Le Normand De L'Osier, have
hereunto set my hand and seal, this Eighth day of November One
thousand eight hundred and thirty-nine.
G. LE NORMAN (L.s.) DEL'OSIER.

page_text: AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the Eighth day of November, in
the year of our Lord 1839, the aforesaid Germain Le Normand De L'Osier,
came before our said Lady the. Queen in Her Chancery, and acknowledged
the Specification aforesaid, and all. and every thing therein contained and
specified; form above written. And also the Specification aforesaid was
stamped according to the tenor of the Statute made for that purpose.
Inrolled the Eighth day of November, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and' thirty-nine.