Year: 1897

page_text: I, ALFRED JULIUS BOULT, of 111, Hatton Garden, in the County of Middlesex,
Chartered Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
This invention relates to an improved manufacture of collars, cuffs, shirt-fronts,
and similar articles, and consists in the combination, by means of strong pressure,
of a white or coloured wood or other pulp with a textile material, of or containing
linen, hemp, jute, China-grass or the like, so as to obtain a linen-substitute
having the textile, fibrous nature of real linen or fabric inside and the whiteness
or smoothness and gloss of the paper outside. This method of manufacturing
enables articles of dress to be obtained at such a moderate price that it is even less
than the expense of washing such articles.
This manufacture is effected by placing manufactured textile material, such
as canvas, sail-cloth, buckram, or other knitted or woven fabric, into a hot or
cold bath of wood-pulp or other fibrous cellulosic material adapted to adhere to
said fabric, and then in pressing and rolling the whole mass, on its removal from
the bath, in order to cause the pulp to penetrate into the pores or meshes of the
fabric and to give it externally the aspect of the foundation fabric. This having
been done, the linen-substitute is formed into collars, cuffs, shirt-fronts, etc.,
then calendered in order to impart to it brilliancy and gloss, whereupon it is made
up into the final shape corresponding to that of similar articles made of
pure linen.
Or the material may be prepared by placing a strip or sheet of fabric between
two sheets or layers of paper or cellulosic pulp made into sheets, compressing these
sheets to make them thoroughly adhere with or without the use of adhesive
material, then in cutting out of these sheets collars, cuffs, or shirt-fronts etc.,
and finally proceeding as hereinbefore described.
Di: 15th dow of December 1807

page_text: Improved Manufacture of Collars, Cuffs, Shirt-fronts, and similar
Articles.
A communication from ALEXANDRE RIASSE, of 15, Rue de Richelieu, Paris, in
the Republic of France, Engineer.
I, ALFRED JULIUS BOULT, of 111, Hatton Garden, in the County of Middlesex,
Chartered Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in
what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascer-
tained in and by the following statement:-
This invention relates to an improved manufacture of collars, cuffs, shirt fronts
and other similar articles and consists in connecting by adhesive material and
pressure one or two sheets of strong thin paper made of rags, with a fabric of
linen, hemp, jute, ramie or other textile material, so as to completely cover or
surface the fabric and to obtain an imitation linen having internally the fibrous
texture of real linen and externally the whiteness and brilliancy of paper. The
paper used as a covering may be white or coloured and may have any desired
pattern. The process of manufacture according to this invention enables articles
to be obtained so cheaply that their price is smaller than that of washing similar
articles of real linen.
The invention is carried out by taking a fabric through which paper pulp
cannot pass and in applying on each of its faces a thin sheet of paper made from
rags, and of a slightly larger size than that of the fabric, the dimensions of
which are exactly equal to those of the article to be obtained. For this purpose
the sheet of paper is placed on a marble slab or flat table, covered on one side
with a cementing material, made of say a mixture of wheat-starch (12 parts),
bone glue (6 parts) sulphate of baryta (12 parts), alum and essence of turpentine
(1 part) and water (70 parts). Then a sheet of fabric having the exact shape
of the collar, cuff, shirt-front etc. to be obtained spread out flat, is applied to
said sheet of paper. On this fabric is then spread a layer of the glue described
and finally on this fabric is applied another sheet of thin paper of slightly
larger size than that of the fabric. The whole is then compressed in dies which
force out the paper and form an edge very similar to that of real linen articles.
Then the article is left to dry and covered on its external paper surfaces with a
surfacing composition, say a solution of fine sulphate of baryta (60 parts) glue
made from hides (25 parts) and water (15 parts) and again left to dry. If it is
desired to have a very glossy article, tale is applied by means of a hard brush.
The article thus prepared is then calendered and provided with marks or orna-
mentation at the edges etc. at the same time that a grain similar to that of real
linen is impressed on it. The article finally, if necessary is provided with
button holes or the like. The article is then ready and has the appearance of
an article made of real linen.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said in-
vention, as communicated to me by my foreign correspondent and in what manner
the same is to be performed, I declare that what I claim is:-
1. The manufacture of imitation linen collars, cuffs shirt fronts and similar
articles, consisting in attaching to each face of a piece of fabric having dimen-
sions corresponding to the article to be produced, a sheet of strong thin paper,
either white or coloured and having thereon any desired design the material after

page_text: compression and drying being covered with a solution of baryta and glue-tale
being applied if desired-and finally impressing on the article a grain similar to
that of real linen and shaping it to the desired form.
2. Imitation linen collars, cuffs, shirt fronts and similar articles made substan-
tially as described.
Dated this 6th day of September 1898.
BOULT & WADE,
Agents for the Applicant.