matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MEANS OR APPARATUS FOR REGULATING THE SUPPLY OF STEAM TO STEAM ENGINES
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Edward Campbell Koch and
Frederick William Durham at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on
the 31st January 1877
"
JOHN EDWARD CAMPBELL KOCH, of No 20, Queensbury Place, South Kensington,
in the County of Middlesex, Gentleman, and FREDERICK WILLIAM DURHAM, of
Clevedon Villa, Station Road, New Barnet, in the County of Hertfordshire, Engineer
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MEANS OR APPARATUS FOR REGULATING THE SUPPLY OF
STEAM TO STEAM ENGINES"
In laige steam engines it fiequently requies such considerable power to move the
throttle or other valve in the steain supply pipe in order to regulate the power of
the engine that a governo cannot either be employed at all for the purpose, or it
requires to be so powerful that it is not sufficiently sensitive to act efficiently under
slight variations in speed.
Our present Invention has reference to means whereby we are enabled readily to
effect the regulation of the steam supply in cases such as nie above mentioned by
means of a small and sensitive governor, such as that for which Letters Patent have
been granted to Fiederick William Durham and Henry Howse on the 19th May,
1876, No 2128 For this purpose, instead of connecting the governor directly to
the throttle or other valve, we cause it to act upon the slide or other valve of a
small steam oi hydraulic cylinder, the piston or plunger of which is connected to
the supply valve of the steam pipe, which may either be a throttle valve, or may be
a simple shut off valve, which can be balanced by making the steam or hydraulic
piston or plunger that acts on it of suitable area
We prefer to give the slide or valve of the steam or hydraulic cylinder a differ-
ential action by any of the known arrangements employed for that purpose, whereby
the piston or plunge is brought to rest at any part of its stroke For example, we
work the slide or valve from a point near the middle of a lever, one end of which is
connected to the governor, and the other end to the steam or hydraulic piston or
plunger, the parts being so arranged that when the governor by acting on the one
end of the lever tends to open the admission passage, and thereby to make the piston
01 plunger advance, this advance movement acting on the other end of the lever
tends to close the admission passage, and so to retain the piston or plunger in the
position to which it has been moved.
AN IMPROVED METHOD OF UTILIZING WORN-OUT SLEEPERS AND OTHER PARTS OF PERMANENT (RAILWAY) WAYS
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Gardner at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 30th May 1877. (A communication from
abroad by Jean Gayda, residing at 15, Rue des Halles, Paris, France.)
HENRY GARDNER, of the Firm of Robertson, Brooman, and Company, of 166, Fleet
Street, in the City of London, Patent Agents. "AN IMPROVED METHOD OF
UTILIZING WORN-OUT SLEEPERS AND OTHER PARTS OF PERMANENT (RAILWAY)
WAYS." A communication from abroad by Jean Gayda, residing at 15, Rue des
Halles, Paris, France.
This Invention relates to means whoreby old and worn out parts of permanent
way may be rendered fit for use again, especially old wooden sleepers which
become worn and deteriorated where the chairs and rails touch, also by the pressure
of the rolling stock, and by the humidity of the air between the iron and the wood.
Sleepers thus impaired are at present thrown aside.
The object of this Invention is to utilize them as well as other accessories, such
as fish plates, joint plates, cramping irons, and other similar parts for connecting
the parts of the wood sleepers together, and to thereby make, so to speak, a new
permanent way. For this purpose the impaired sleepers are cut in halves trans-
versely and turned end to end; these ends are united by two iron plates, preferably
galvanized, or by fish plates, placed one below and the other above. The sleeper
thus formed may be fastened by bolts, also galvanized, by cramping irons, or, better
still, by wood screws.
This arrangement therefore includes the application, for the junction of the two
ends of the turned sleepers, of old fish plates at present sold for old iron by reason
of the almost general replacement of iron rails by steel ones.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF TESTING THE QUALITIES OF MALT FOR BREWING AND OTHER SIMILAR PURPOSES, AND IN THE APPARATUS FOR EFFECTING THE SAME
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Gardiner at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 6th February 1877
WILLIAM GARDINER, of Stiand-on-the-Green, Chiswick, in the County of Middle-
sex, Commission Agent "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF TESTING THE QUALITIES
OF MALT FOR BREWING AND OTHER SIMILAR PURPOSES, AND IN THE APPARATUS FOR
EFFECTING THE SAME
"
My said Invention has for its object the testing the qualities of malt for brewing
and other similar purposes
This apparatus will enable any one to obtain the extract from a sample of malt
(say half a pint) by keeping it at a temperature the same as would occur in a large
mash tun, and giving the color of the liquor and the specific gravity of the wort
which cannot otherwise be obtained except by the costly process of brewing
The machine or apparatus consists of a double cylindei constructed of metal or
any other suitable material, a tap is attached to the inner compartment and a tube
18 connected with the outer compartment, into the top of this tube is inserted a
spurge or syringe, by which the water is drawn up and then forcibly ejected into
the inner compartment of the double cylinder for the purpose of sparging the metal
The top of the apparatus is fitted with a lid, and in the centre is an aperture into
which a thermometer specially constructed for the purpose is inserted, this thermo-
meter is for the purpose of regulating the temperature of the mash
The apparatus is supported by means of a tripod stand having legs of such
a height as shall allow of room for a spirit or other suitable lamp or a jet of
gas being placed thereunder for the purpose of supplying the necessary heat to the
cylinder
I will now proceed to describe the manner in which my Invention is carried into
effect.
I insert a funnel in the tube and fill the outer compartment with water, I also
pour into the inner compartment sufficient liquoi to mark 1, pint of malt, I then
light the lamp and insert the thermometer in the lid, the liquor is then heated to
175 degrees, the temperature varies according to the quality of malt, for example,
steely malt require a higher temperature, if very mellow malt then not quite so hot.
I then take, say, half pint of crushed malt and mash it thoroughly, and regulate the
temperature from 150 to 160 degrees until I have obtained a thorough conversion
of the malt, and after sparging and draining it thoroughly, sufficient liquor will
Die 27

page_text: then be found in the outer jacket or compartment for second mash, which is done
by well stirring it and filling up the outer compartment and boiling it, as there is no
fear of its being over heated, the second mash after standing, say half an hour or
so, is drawn off and sparged until I have, say, one pint and a half-quartern of liquor;
this quantity would represent four barrels of liquor to the quarter, I mix the two 5
together and weigh them with a saccharometer and then sparge and wash for after
mash.
IMPROVEMENTS IN RAILWAY RAILS
Year: 1877

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Richard Price Williams, of 9, Great George Street, in the
City of Westminster, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN RAILWAY
RAILS."
Sealed the 12th June 1877, and dated the 9th March 1877.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Richard Price Williams at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 9th March 1877.
RICHARD PRICE WILLIAMS, of 9, Great George Street, in the City of Westminster.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN RAILWAY RAILS."
This Invention has for its objeet improvements in railway rails.
In the Specification of a former Patent granted to me and another on the 16th
day of May, 1876, No. 2005, was described a means of manufacturing railway rails
to obtain toughness together with great durability. The rails were rolled from a
metal of the nature of mild steel and containing but a small per-centage of carbon,
and the rails after being rolled and whilst still at a red heat were plunged into a
tank of water or other liquid.
According to my present Invention, in place of thus plunging the rails whilst still
hot into a bath of water or other liquid, I form them into a pile in a close chamber,
to which steam is admitted. I maintain the rails in this chamber subject to the
action of the steam for some hours whilst they still remain at a high heat.
The chamber may be formed as a movable iron truck to run on rails, so that it
may be brought opposite to the end of the grid on to which the rails are laid, after
being cut to length; the rails may thus readily be removed from the grid to the
chamber. When a sufficient number of rails has been piled in the chamber the
chamber may be closed and run off so as to be out of the way and have steam then
admitted to it.

page_text: Rails made not only from metal of the nature herein-before mentioned, but also
from iron and steel may be treated in the manner above described.
Rails when manufactured from steel with a low per-centage of carbon not exceed-
ing 0.3 per cent. after being subjected to superheated steam (the great heat of the
rails contributing to the superheating of the steam) in a closed chamber for some
hours, in addition to becoming toughened or indurated are less liable to rust.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS TO BE USED TO REGULATE THE SUPPLY OF OIL OR SPIRIT IN RAILWAY AND OTHER LAMPS, AND FOR OTHER SUCH LIKE PURPOSES
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Brockelbank at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 19th November 1877.
GEORGE BROCKELBANK, of 37, Thornsett Road, South Penge Park, Anerley.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS TO BE USED TO REGULATE THE SUPPLY OF OIL OR
SPIRIT IN RAILWAY AND OTHER LAMPS, AND FOR OTHER SUCH LIKE PURPOSES."
This Invention has for its object the improvements in apparatus to be used to
regulate the supply of oil or spirit in railway and other lamps, and for other such
like purposes, and consists of a hollow air ball or chamber made of glass or other
suitable material.
.
Attached to or forming part of this air ball or chamber is a conical valve, tapering
upwards from the top of the ball to its end and perfectly round. This ball being
made of the thinnest material, the least amount of fluid is displaced to effect its
flotation.
The oil cistern of some lamps being much above the flame and wick, the oil or
spirit naturally overflows the oil reservoir in which the wick is placed, unless there
be a check to prevent its doing so.
This air ball effectually stops the overflow. To do this a receiver for the ball
or chamber is made large enough to allow the ball or chamber to freely rise and fall,
and is placed on a level with the wick and oil reservoir.
Over the air ball an aperture or circular hole is made for the oil or spirit to pass
from the oil cistern in which the top, which is the thin end of the conical valve, is
placed. Immediately the oil is put into the cistern it passes through the aperture,
because the thin part of the conical valve does not fill up the said aperture.
As the
oil or spirit fills up the reciever the ball rises on the surface of the liquid and brings
the thick part of the conical valve into the aperture, which, exactly fitting it,
prevents further flow of oil into the air ball receiver. The air ball receiver being
on a propper level with the oil reservoir for the wick, the level of the oil is thus
regulated, and cannot overflow or waste.
Another way to effect the object is by fixing a rod or connection to the pendulum
partial extinguishor natented in 1877 No 2521 attached to a cock

page_text: which is opened at every oscillation of the pendulum. When the light is at its full,
sufficient quantity of oil or spirit, and no more, is allowed to pass down the oil tube
into the oil reservoir of the wick than is actually necessary.
I also claim the right to employ a ball cock, as in water cisterns, for the purpose
of preventing the oil overflowing and for regulating its supply.
By these apparatus an opening to fill the oil cistern of the lamp can be made on
the top of the cistern, with the usual screw plugs of an ordinary lamp dapted.
AN IMPROVED PREPARATION OF MATERIALS FOR PAVING ROADS, APPLICABLE ALSO FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF DRAIN PIPES."
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Collins Russell at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 7th November 1877.
JOHN COLLINS RUSSELL, of Kensington, in the County of Middlesex. AN
IMPROVED PREPARATION OF MATERIALS FOR PAVING ROADS, APPLICABLE ALSO
FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF DRAIN PIPES."
My Invention relates to improvements in the treatment of peat and spent tan,
and the manufacture thereof of a new paving material for roads and other places
where a hard and enduring surface is required, and to the application of the said
material for making drain pipes.
In carrying out my Invention the peat as cut from the bog is first dried by any
suitable means, and broken up or pulped with nearly its own weight of gas tar.
The peat or tan (as the case may be) is put into a kettle, and may, if desired, be
well mixed with a sufficient quantity of cocoa-nut fibre, or oakum, or cotton waste,
or small twigs, or heather, or bulrushes, or grasses, or any of these together, or any
material of a fibrous nature to give the product sufficient tenacity. The mixture is
then mixed with some or other, or a combination of the following ingredients or
substances, viz. -Gas tar, pitch, Stockholm tar, Trinidad pitch, naphtha, benzole,
spirit of turpentine, quicklime, hydraulic lime, chalk, pozzuolana, well washed or
sifted sharp sand, flint glass in fine powder, any aluminous, calcareous, or silicious
minerals or mixtures, Portland or hydraulic cement, iron filings or borings, slag, or
scoria. The whole mass is well stirred, and heated by superheated steam or other-
wise until the materials which are capable of being softened or melted by a low heat
that will not destroy the peat or tan are melted or softened enough to enable the
different materials used to become thoroughly mixed together, and the whole mass
is finally raised to a temperature of at least 400° Fahrenheit.
When used for paving purposes the material is removed from the receptacle in its
heated state, and spread over the prepared surface or foundation of the road or other
Din 31

page_text: place, and consolidated by means of hot beaters or pressers until it is thoroughly set
and even.
In making drain pipes the material in a hot state is transferred to suitable moulds
or to a drain pipe making machine, and the pipes are made in the usual way of
making earthenware pipes or otherwise.
4
AN IMPROVED METHOD FOR PRESERVING MILK, CREAM, AND BUTTER
Year: 1877

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Pietro Toninetti, Chymist, in the City of Hamburg,
Germany, for the Invention of "AN IMPROVED METHOD FOR PRESERVING
MILK, CREAM, AND BUTTER."
Sealed the 16th November 1877, and dated the 19th May 1877.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Pietro Toninetti in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 19th
November 1877.
PIETRO TONINETTI, Chymist, in the City of Hamburg, Germany. "AN IMPROVED
METHOD FOR PRESERVING MILK, CREAM, AND BUTTER."
This Invention relates to an improved method for preserving milk, cream, and
butter.
My method of preserving milk, cream, and butter is, I mix with one litre of milk,
or of cream, or with one kilogramme of butter, the following ingredients :-
Natrum biboratum.
Natrum boratum
Sugar pulverized
grainme 2
5
"
7
">
-
This proportion of mixture is in all cases sufficient for the preservation of the
above substances, but in cases where a lower degree of conservation should be
sufficient, I take a smaller addition of the above-named ingredients.
Having now described the nature of my said Invention and in what manner the
same is to be performed, I declare that I claim, the improved method of preserving
milk, cream, and butter by the admixture therewith, in the proportions named, the
ingredients above referred to.
In witness whereof, I, the said Pietro Toninetti, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this Second day of November, One thousand eight hundred and
seventy-seven.
PIETRO TONINETTI. (L.S.)
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR TREATING GRAIN AND GRAIN PRODUCE
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John August Arnold Buchholz at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 3rd December 1877.
JOHN AUGUST ARNOLD BUCHHOLZ, of the Colne Valley Iron Works, Halstead,
in the County of Essex, Engineer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR TREATING
GRAIN AND GRAIN PRODUCE."
My Invention relates to roller mills for grinding wheat and its produce, so as to
more effectually and economically sever the bran from the flour particles than has
been possible hitherto, and in machinery for separating or sorting the flour particlos
(middlings or semolina) from the bran so severed.
Two pairs of rollers are placed in a stout iron frame in a row horizontally, the
two outer preferably lying in fixed bearings, and the two inner in the adjustable
bearings, but the reverse may in some instances be found necessary, or they may be
placed in pairs vertically over one another. The two inner pairs are placed on a
lower level than the two outer, so that when pressed vertically upwards they meet
the two outer rollers, the points of contact falling within a vertical line which
would cut through the rollers not tangent to them.
The two lower or inner rollers are fitted in bearings in a separate frame piece
which may swivel on a universal joint attached to the main frame, the object of
which is to maintain automatically the parallelosity of the rollers while working.
I prefer driving both the roller pairs at different speeds on both sides from a
shaft placed at the foot of the frame, by a belt stretched under the driving pulley,
then over one of the lower roller pullies, next under the corresponding upper roller
pulley, then under an adjustable depression pulley, and so on with the next pair of
rollers.
The depression pullies are fixed at the end of a crank, and are depressed by levers
which are so connected by a spring, weighted levers, or screwed rod, that the tension
in one belt holds that of the other in equilibrium, and in like manner reacts on the
rollers. In cases where this tension of the belta is insufficient to exert the necessary
pressure on the rollers either weights or springs may be resorted to.

page_text: I prefer the use of a stout carriage spring, bearing on both bearings of each of the
adjustable or lower rollers and compressed by a screw or equivalent.
For feeding the rollers I prefer using a jogger, receiving a vertical reciprocating
motion, the floor of which is made with an increasing inclination towards each of
the lower rollers, so that the feed is not only distributed over the whole width in a 5
stream of even depth, but is caused to increase in velocity until it is equal to the
surface velocity of the rollers, and the particles fed in fall between the rollers one by
one in succession.
The rollers may be made of cast metal, steel or any hard material; in some cases,
in order to give them sufficient cutting power, I prefer making them of a cast-iron 1
nucleous fitted on the surface with steel or case-hardened blades placed radially, and
with thin layers of paper pressed between them.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN WATER-WASTE PREVENTORS
Year: 1877

page_text: <
LETTERS PATENT to Thomas Hungate Preston Dennis, of Chelmsford, in the
County of Essex, Horticultural Engineer, for the Invention of CERTAIN
IMPROVEMENTS IN WATER-WASTE PREVENTORS."
Sealed the 21st August 1877, and dated the 27th February 1877.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Thomas Hungate Preston
Dennis at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 27th February
1877.
THOMAS HUNGATE PRESTON DENNIS, of Chelmsford, in the County of Essex,
Horticultural Engineer. "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN WATER-WASTE PREVENTORS."
This Invention consists of further improvements on my Invention for which
Letters Patent were granted to me dated the 3rd day of February, 1874, and
No. 431.
This Invention is for the same object as my former Patent, which is for the
purpose of flushing waterclosets, urinals, or other purposes, where the quantity
drawn or discharged is required to be limited.
My further improvements consist in the addition of a box or container affixed
to the short leg of the syphon, and by reversing the action of the plunger and
making it fit into the said box or container, to be acted upon by a lever and pull
by a lifting instead of a plunging motion.
By this improved appliance of plunger in connection with the box or container
before alluded to I am able to arrange for the delivery of the entire contents of the
service boot upon the plunger being lifted or actuated by means of the lever and
pull. I acccomplish this last-described improvement by reducing the thickness of
the plunger or using a thin plunger and making it fit more loosely into the box
or container at the end of the syphon, whereby the full flow of water necessary to
charge the syphon is provided for. By using a thick plate to plunger, and making
it fit closer to the box or container at the end of the syphon, the supply of water
is cut off upon the handle of the full being liberated.
PROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS OR MEANS FOR LIGHTING CIGARS AND PIPES AND FOR OTHER LIKE PURPOSES
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel Fry Ralston at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 20th November 1877. A communication
from abroad by John Arthur Chandor, of New York, United States of
America.
"IM-
SAMUEL FRY RALSTON, of Paris, in the Republic of France, but temporarily
residing at Cannon Street Hotel, Cannon Street, in the City of London."
PROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS OR MEANS FOR LIGHTING CIGARS AND PIPES AND
FOR OTHER LIKE PURPOSES." A communication from abroad by John Arthur
Chandor, of New York, United States of America.
This Invention relates to improvements in that description of apparatus for
effecting ignition for the purpose of lighting cigars and pipes, gas burners, and
the like, in which there is employed a coiled tape or band of paper or other
suitable material carrying buttons of fulminate, which are ignited by percussion
under the the action of a spring hammer or striker on the tape or band being fed
forward beneath the same, the flame produced being communicated to a prepared
wick or cord enclosed in a tube forming part of the apparatus.
According to this Invention it is proposed to feed forward the tape or band, and
simultaneously elevate the hammer or striker by means of a wheel arranged
between them, and having teeth or projections which, on the wheel being turned
by the hand of the operator, are caused to act upon the tape or band so as to move
it a distance corresponding to the interval between two buttons, and at the same
time raise the hammer or striker, and then as the motion of the wheel is continued,
allow the hammer or striker to descend and explode the fulminate, and thus ignite
the wick or cord, whence the flame may be communicated in the usual manner.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BICYCLE WHEELS.
Year: 1877

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Rudolph Duerre, of No. 15, King's Road, Chelsea, in the
County of Middlesex, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN BICYCLE
WHEELS.'
و"
Sealed the 6th October 1877, and dated the 9th August 1877.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Rudolph Duerre at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 9th August 1877.
RUDOLPH DUERRE, of No. 15, King's Road, Chelsea, in the County of Middlesex,
"IMPROVEMENTS IN BICYCLE WHEELS."
My Invention relates to the construction of the light suspension wheels that are
employed in bicycles, these wheels consisting of a nave and tyre connected by wire
spokes, and the object of my Invention is to get great strength combined with
lightness at the points where the. wire spokes are united to the nave. For this
purpose I make the nave with a number of short arms projecting radially from it,
which arms are bored and tapped in the ordinary way to receive the ends of the
wire spokes, and by means of a revolving cutter I turn the exterior of each of those
arms to a cylindrical form, concentric in each case with the wire hole. Thus the
wires get support at a considerable distance from the centre of the wheel, and these
supports are, by the construction I have described, made of the lightest character.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR APPLYING IGNITING COMPOSITION TO MATCH BOXES
Year: 1877

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Frederick Carkeet Bryant, of the Fairfield Works, Bow, in
the County of Middlesex, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY
FOR APPLYING IGNITING COMPOSITION TO MATCH BOXES." A communication
from abroad by John Lundstroin, of Mariestadt, in the Kingdom of Sweden.
Sealed the 24th July 1877, and dated the 2nd June 1877.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Frederick Carkeet Bryant at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 2nd June 1877.
FREDERICK CARKEET BRYANT, of the Fairfield Works, Bow, in the County of
Middlesex. "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR APPLying IgnitinG COMPOSITION
TO MATCH BOXES." [A communication from abroad by John Lundstrom, of Mario-
stadt, in the Kingdom of Sweden.]
This Invention has for its object improvements in machinery for applying igniting
composition to match boxes. For this purpose the boxes are introduced between
two travelling aprons. They are placed close together, top to bottom, and the
aprons carry them forward between rollers covered with india-rubber, or otherwise
suitably padded. These rollers being driven propel the boxes on between guides
until they reach a point where two rotary brushes act upon the series of boxes, one
on either side, and these brushes by means of troughs and carrying rollers are
supplied with the composition with which it is desired to coat the sides of the boxes.
After the brushes have applied the composition to the sides of the boxes the series
still travels on between guides through a drying chamber of such a length that
when the boxes are delivered at the end of the drying chamber they are ready for
packing.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINES FOR CLIPPING THE EDGES OF TURF ON LAWNS, PLEASURE GROUNDS, VERGES, AND SUCH LIKE
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Shanks and James Gordon
Lyon at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 20th February
1877.
JAMES SHANKS, of Arbroath, in the County of Forfar, and JAMES GORDON LYON,
also of Arbroath, in the County of Forfar, Engineers. "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINES
FOR CLIPPING THE EDGES OF TURF ON LAWNS, PLEASURE GROUNDS, VERGES, AND
SUCH LIKE."
Our Invention relates to machines to be employed for clipping the edges of the
grass or turf on lawns, pleasure grounds, and other like places, and it consists in the
employment of a blade or knife mounted on a fixed centre in a frame supported on
a travelling roller, which blade or knife is arranged in connection with a fixed blade
or opposing surface, and is operated after the manner of a pair of garden shears by
means of a multiple cam groove cast or formed in the end of the roller, and in which
is fitted a stud carried on a bell-crank arm with which the movable blade or knife is
provided. On the machine being drawn or propelled by the aid of handles or
otherwise, a reciprocating motion is imparted by the cam in the roller to the
movable blade or knife, and the grass is cut or sheared automatically with ease and
rapidity, in a uniform and even manner. A pulley or additional small roller may be
placed at the rear, for the facility of guiding the machine.
The details of the Invention may be modified; for example, the multiple cam may
be formed on, in lieu of being cast in, the roller, and a similar effect be obtained, viz.,
the reciprocating motion of the blade or knife as the roller is traversed over the
ground, or a single cam may be employed in substitútion for a multiple cam if found
desirable.
The fixed blade may be bifurcated, and the movable blade or knife be made with
two edges, so as to be double acting, the cutting operation being in that case
performed at each motion of the movable blade or knife.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PAINT OILS
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Walker at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 9th May 1877. Partly a communication from
abroad by Thomas Ruston, of Montreal, Canada.
GEORGE WALKER, of Chicago, in the State of Illinois, one of the United States
of America, at present residing at 4, Clayton Square, Liverpool, in the County of
Lancaster, Decorator. IMPROVEMENTS IN PAINT OILS." Partly a communication
from abroad by Thomas Ruston, of Montreal, Canada.
24
This Invention relates to the production of a cheap and efficient self-drying oil,
and consists,
First. In using in combination certain vegetable, fish, and mineral oils.
And, Second. In treating the said mixed oils by certain chemical substances, and
beat.
Under the first part, I mix together in about equal quantities by measure the
following oils:-Linseed or other vegetable oil, neutral mineral oil, say refined
petroleum 820°, fish oil (manhaden or moss-bunker oil is found to answer best), and
refined petroleum oil 780°.
Under the second part, I add to the above mixed oils about one pound of oxide
of manganese for every gallon of the inixture, and theu apply heat by steam or
otherwise, and stir the mass for about eight hours, taking care that the temperature
is never raised above 260° Fahrenheit. After allowing the manganese and foots to
settle, the oil is ready for being mixed with any pigment and can be used without
turps or other driers.
AN IMPROVED EYELET
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Robert Lake at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 19th October 1877. A communication
from abroad by James Whitehead and James Butterworth, both of Cranston,
Rhode Island, United States of America.
WILLIAM ROBERT LAKE, of the Firm of Haseltine, Lake, & Co., Patent Agents,
Southampton Buildings; London. "AN IMPROVED EYELET." [A communication from
abroad by James Whitehead and James Butterworth, both of Cranston, Rhode
Island, United States of America.]
This Invention relates to the manufacture of steel eyelets. According to the
said Invention, I take a piece of steel and give it the proper temper, and roll it
very thin; then it is presented to the dies, and eyelets are punched therefrom.
Eyelets made from steel stock are much lighter and tougher than those made
from iron or soft metal. In the steel eyelet an equal or greater amount of strength
is secured with a much less consumption of stock, and its thinness renders it capable
of being set up much more easily and compactly.
By the use of steel, which is a crystalline material, a very thin and tough plate
can be used; and, owing to the fact that the crystalline particles can take new
positions or change their relative positions under the pressure of the dies without
affecting the strength or elasticity of the material, all danger of breakage is avoided,
and a tougher, lighter, and stronger eyelet produced than can be made from other
metals that lose their strength and elasticity when their fibres are displaced or
broken under pressure.
A NEW OR IMPROVED CLOD CRUSHING OR LAND DRESSING AND DRILL ROLLER
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Bickerton and Ralph Bickerton
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 29th January 1877.
RICHARD BICKERTON and RALPII BICKERTON, both of Berwick-on-Tweed, in the
County and Borough of Berwick-on-Tweed, Great Buton, Agricultural Implement
Manufacturers A NEW OR IMPROVED CLOD CRUSHING OR LAND DRESSING
AND DRILL ROLLER"
This Invention has reference to an improved construction or arrangement of the
parts of a land or clod crushing and preparing roller for agricultural purposes, either
in inised diills or flat, and capable of being adjusted to suit and dress the land to
the surface shape desued, or act as an ordinary Cambidge roller, and the nature
and novelty of the Invention consist in forming the crushing and rolling or pressing
rings annular, either with ordinary smooth curved or approximately sharp ridged
edges, or it might be with notched or senated periphery, and by these improve-
ments, all nearly of the same diameter, with laige concentric eyes, within which
round or round edged blocks are fixed or mounted on curved or longitudinal bars
or other equivalent, fixed by arms or other wise eccentrically on the main long
square shaft passing through the whole set of 11ngs 01 1oller, each eccentric block or
set of blocks carrying each ring, being more eccentric towards the middle to give
the greatest height or curve of drill desued below, in which position the rings would
be nearly in a straight line at the front and back diameters, so that when the
centre square shaft is turned in its bearings and carrying eyes in the iron side
frames of the machine by a lever on its one end to a quarter turn or so, the set of
rings break and dress the clods or earth nearly flat like an ordinary Cambridge
roller, and any intermediate position of the level (set and held by an oidinary fixed
quadrant fitted with griping holes or notches and spring catch) would give any
intermediate cuive, and a greater turn would give a hollow surface to the ground
where that was desired The rings by their eccentric action against each other
clear or throw off the loose earth from their periphery, as other eccentric rings and
rollers do, and the side frames and horse shafts would be all otherwise much of the
ordinary construction cominon to other clod crushing and dull rollers. Each 1oller
[Price 2d1

page_text: so formed of these eccentric rings would have the appearance of a segment of a
cucle in back or front profiles or elevation, and when desired for double drills there
might be two fitted and mounted on the same main shaft and frame to be drawn
either by one or two horses, according to the size of the machine and the nature
of the ground or work to be done
5
AN ORTHOPOEDIC CARRIAGE BEDSTEAD AND RELA- TIVE MECHANICAL APPLIANCES FOR USE IN THE TREATMENT OF HIP DISEASE AND OTHER ORTHOPOEDIC AILMENTS."
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Leven Miller at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 28th December 1877.
GEORGE LEVEN MILLER, of No. 13, Cambridge Terrace, Pimlico, in the County of
Middlesex, Tin Plate Worker. "AN ORTHOPOEDIC CARRIAGE BEDSTEAD AND RELA-
TIVE MECHANICAL APPLIANCES FOR USE IN THE TREATMENT OF HIP DISEASE AND
OTHER ORTHOPOEDIC AILMENTS."
Crib bedstead resting on carriage springs and axletrees running on three or four
wheels like a carriage or Bath chair, and in which the patient may be taken for an
airing and from one apartment to another, &c., withont change of position. The
bedstead has a rigid flat bottom perforated for ventilation purposes.
APPLIANCES.
1. Moveable table same length as width of bedstead resting on supports having in
the tops sockets into which corresponding pins attached to the table fit to hold it
firm. The table has a hinged flap (for reading, writing, &c.) attached to the table at
the side next the patient. The table has also a drawer or drawers to hold articles
for the patient's convenience.
2. Two concave leg rests or cradles, (a) the one intended to support the leg when
resting in a position in a line with the patient's body, working on a hinge at its
base, and resting on a sliding or moveable cradle support designed to allow the
affected leg to rest at any required degree of elevation without being otherwise
disturbed. This rest or cradle is fitted with a hinged lid or protector at the further
end folding over the rest, and intended to prevent the weight of the bedclothes from
bearing on the foot. (b) The other rest is for the case when the affected leg is
required to rest in a position at an angle from or slanting across the other leg.
This rest also works on a hinge, but further has a rotary motion working on a pivot,
so that while the hinge allows of its being elevated and depressed at pleasure, the
pivot allows of its position being shifted to any required angle from the direction
of the patient's body. But instead of being sustained by a sliding or moveable
cradle support, it is upheld by an adjusting or telescope prop, support, or stay, which
"stay" can be lengthened or shortened as required by means of a set screw working
in a slot. The lower end of this stay is moveable in a continuous circular slot, and

page_text: fixed in any position by means of a set screw, the top end also fitting into a slot,
and fixable by means of a set screw.
3. The bedstead is fitted at each of the two foot corners with a rotary or swing
bracket (on which to fix the pulleys for the weights, either foot or side weights,
attached to the leg) each working in a tubular socket and secured in any position,
also at any altitude, by means of a set screw or screws.
4. A tin or other metal backed splint which can be bent to and will remain
rigid at any required curve or shape, and having two or more eyes to which to
attach the weight cord for use in certain cases.
AN IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR LUBRICATING CARRIAGE AXLETREES, AND FOR SIMILAR PURPOSES
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Robert Lake at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 16th August 1877. A com-
munication from abroad by Waldron Yates Selleck, of the City and State of
New York, United States of America.
WILLIAM ROBERT LAKE, of the Firm of Haseltine, Lake, & Co., Patent Agents,
Southampton Buildings, London. "AN IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR LUBRICATING
CARRIAGE AXLETREES, AND FOR SIMILAR PURPOSES." [A communication from abroad
by Waldron Yates Selleck, of the City and State of New York, United States of
America.]
This Invention relates to an automatic lubrication chiefly designed for carriage
and waggon axletrees.
The body of the said apparatus is an oil cup made in the form of a taper
cylinder, and provided with exterior screw threads to be screwed through the hub
of a waggon or carriage wheel; the lower end of the said cup fits in a counter-
sunk hole in the iron pipe or box of the hub. In this end of the box is an oil
passage through which the oil passes to the spindle.
A cylinder or tube closed at the upper end and open at the lower end is screwed
into the bottom of the interior of the oil cup; near the lower end of this tube or
cylinder are longitudinal slots. Inside of this tube or cylinder is a plunger, which,
when the oil cup is in one position, closes not only the said slots, but also the
passage in the bottom of the oil cup.
When the wheel revolves and the oil cup is reversed or upside down, the said
plunger falls by its own weight, opening the slots, and allowing the oil to flow in
and fill the aforesaid tube cylinder, or as much as is needed to keep a constant
supply. When the oil cup again comes with its right side up, the said plunger
drops down forcing the oil in the said tube cylinder, and through the aforesaid
passage to the axletree, thus furnishing a small supply of oil at each revolution
of the wheel. The amont of oil thus fed to the axletree is regulated by means of
a sleeve surrounding said inner tube or cylinder; this sleeve can be adjusted up
and down, as required, to lengthen or shorten the slots.

page_text: The said sleeve is provided with a longitudinal slot, one edge of the metal in the
said slot being formed with a series of notches to fit a pin made fast in the said
tube or cylinder, whereby the sleeve may be adjusted and held as required. The
upper end of the said cylinder is formed with a groove, so that by means of a
screwdriver the said cylinder can easily be taken out, when required, for cleaning or
other purposes.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF THE CLOTH KNOWN AS SERGE DE BERRIES
Year: 1877

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to David Hitchen, of Prospect House, Halifax, in the County
of York, Worsted Manufacturer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE MANUFACTURE OF THE CLOTH KNOWN AS SERGE DE BERRIES,"
Sooled the th .L.
TAWA
"
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION filed by the said David Hitchen at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 7th December 1877.
DAVID HITCHEN, of Prospect House, Halifax, in the County of York, Worsted
Manufacturer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF THE CLOTH KNOWN
AS SERGE DE BERRIES."
This Invention consists of new and novel arrangements of treadings of ends in
the warp necessary to produce in weaving twilled cloths in all wool, worsted, and
cotton, silk, linen, flax, or any other material used in making fabrics in various
treadings to supersede the makes hitherto called "serge de berries
"
"
or
Firstly. I claim the original combinations, as shown on Drawings herewith, which
arrangements are marked Numbers 9, 11, 13, 15, 17, 18, 19, 21, 22, 23, 25, 26, 27,
29, 30, 31, 34, and 38. The numbers also represent the number of "shafts
lifts" required to work the cloths. The claim is also for working plain twilled
cloths in any or all of the above-named arrangements, and I further claim the
exclusive right to work the cloths by means of healds, harness, or heald machines,
according to the treading delineated on the Drawings.
The aforesaid plans of arrangement are original in their application for working
cloths to supersede "serge de berries," now made extensively in England, and
which said " serge de berries" have hitherto been worked with only seven healds
or shafts.
Secondly. The advantages claimed by this Invention over the seven shaft
erge de berrie principle now in use are of great importance, because by this
Invention a heavier cloth can be produced, and at the same time more twills
an be brought on to the surface of the cloth, which at once gives increase of
alue on every piece woven or produced. Serge de berries are sold according
TDi 471
6
"

page_text: to the number of twills in a given distance; consequently by this Invention,
giving an increase of twills in the same distance, it also considerably enhances
the value of the cloth produced.
Thirdly. The black spots on the Drawings show the binding ends, which said
binding ends by their special arrangement produce the fine twills in the cloths.
The black spots on the Drawing, showing the binding ends, are also placed there
in their perfect order to shew exactly how the "tappets," harness, or heald
engines have to be arranged in order to "rise" and " depress" the ends or
threads required to work this new Invention as applied to "serge de berries."
Fourthly. I claim the right to make or to have made for me looms to work any 1
or all of the arrangements of treadings, as shown on Drawings now presented.
In witness whereof, I, the said David Hitchen, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this Fifth day of December, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and seventy-seven.

page_text: 20.
30
AN IMPROVED PROCESS OF PRODUCING IRON AND STEEL FROM OXIDE OF IRON AND OTHER ORES."
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Benjamin Woolley Hart at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 14th May 1877.
BENJAMIN WOOLLEY HART, of 1, Garway Road, in the County of Middlesex,
Merchant. "AN IMPROVED PROCESS OF PRODUCING IRON AND STEEL FROM OXIDE
OF IRON AND OTHER ORES."
The process of ore dressing or separation by.mechanical means of the worthless
impurities from the valuable ore before it is subjected to chemical treatment in the
furnace is very advantageous, for the reason that the cost and loss of material in
dressing is less than the cost or loss or waste of material in sinelting.
Iron ores are usually treated in the furnace without any previous attempt to
remove the associated impurities by mechanical means, and in this operation chemical
complications ensue, the solution of which has occupied and continues to occupy the
attention of many eminent men, whose scientific investigations relating to this
subject fill many volumes.
To remove the silica from the ore, large quantities of limestone and coal are con-
sumed in furnaces of large dimensions with the result of producing proportionate
quantities of worthless slag, while the iron produced remains contaminated by
impurities which require subsequent further chemical manipulation for their
removal.
According to my Invention I separate by mechanical means impurities associated
with oxide of iron or other ores of iron to bring them into a pure or nearly pure
condition.
The said Invention is carried into practice as follows, that is to say-I crush the
ore to the required fineness; I separate the associated minerals by the process
analogous to that usually known as "jigging," but in machines wherein air is the
medium employed for the separation which takes place according to the respective
specific gravities of the minerals associated, the oxide of iron or other ore of iron
being by this means obtained in a nearly pure condition. The iron ore so purified
is then exposed to the action of heat in a blast furnace or in a reverberatory or

page_text: rotating furnace, or any other suitable furnace, and metallic iron or steel is thereby
obtained.
By this Invention I effect the separation of the ore of iron from the associated
mineral impurities, in whole or in part, by mechanical means, before the ore
is heated in the furnace, that is to say, by "jigging" with air as the separating
Inedium.
IM- PROVEMENTS IN THE TREATMENT OF SEAL SKINS
Year: 1877

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Edward Primerose Howard Vaughan, F.C.S., of 67, Chancery
Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Patent Agent, for the Invention of " IM-
PROVEMENTS IN THE TREATMENT OF SEAL SKINS." A communication from
abroad by Joseph Kokesch, of Paris, in the Republic of France.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION filed by the said Edward Primerose Howard
Vaughan at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 29th May
1877.
EDWARD PRIMEROSE HOWARD VAUGHAN, F.C.S., of 67, Chancery Lane, in the
County of Middlesex, Patent Agent. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE TREATMENT OF SEAL
SKINS." A communication from abroad by Joseph Kokesch, of Paris, in the
Republic of France.
This Invention relates to certain improvements in the treatment of seal skins for
the purpose of giving to the fur thereof the appearance of the more valuable furs of
the otter and beaver. To this end the raw or finished seal skin is submitted to the
action of a shearing machine, by means of which the hair is reduced to the length
of that of the otter or beaver to be imitated, the skin being previously or sub-
To the
sequently passed through a fulling mill to reverse the direction of the fur.
skin thus shorn is applied a mordant composed as follows:-Quicklime, one pound;
beech ashes, one pound and a half; sumach, three ounces; and water, twenty
quarts. The skin is then dyed in a bath composed of gall nuts, one pound and a
half; green copperas, three ounces; copper scales, two ounces; litharge, one ounce
and a half; sal ammoniac, one ounce and a half; verdigris, half an ounce; catechu,
two ounces; rotten stone, two ounces; cinnabar, one ounce; water, thirty quarts.
The above-mentioned ingredients are then boiled for, say, one hour and a half, or
until the volume of the mass is reduced to about twenty quarts.
Having thus declared and ascertained the nature of the said Invention, and in
what manner the same is to be performed, I would observe in conclusion, that
what I consider novel and original, and therefore claim as constituting the said

page_text: Invention, is, the treatment of seal skins by the application of a shearing process,
followed by mordanting and dyeing in baths composed as above mentioned,
substantially in the manner and for the purpose herein-before set forth.
In witness whereof, I, the said Edward Primerose Howard Vaughan, have
bereunto set my hand and seal, this Twenty-ninth day of May, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-seven.