IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF LAMPS."
Year: 1859

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James Hosking, Oil Merchant, of Walworth
Common, in the County of Surrey, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE MANUFACTURE OF LAMPS."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James Hosking at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
8th February 1859.
I, JAMES HOSKING, Oil Merchant, Walworth Common, in the County of
Surrey, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE MANUFACTURE OF LAMPS," to be as follows:-
First, there is a greater quantity of air brought into direct contact with the
wick or burner by means of apertures formed in the outside case of the
burner about an inch and a half below the top, (but for fatty oils within the
suction of the wick) above the apertures and between the outside and inside
case of the burner there is another tube, the top of which should come just
below the level of the outside case and the bottom about three quarter of an
inch below, the distance between the outside and inside case being about
tliree-eights of an inch, but at the same time the space between these, and
also the length of the middle tube may be modified, the middle tube being
attached at the bottom by small screws or otherwise (providing it be easily
detached for cleaning) to the outside case, thus forming a deflector against

page_text: which the air supplied through the apertures below come into contact, and is
deflected to a certain extent into the fibre of the cotton, and is caused to pass
through and around the same, consumeing a greater quantity of carbon. The
cotton or wick being raised or lowered by rack and pinion, or any more con-
venient means upon the inside tube coming up between the inside and middle
tube, but I prefer that it should be raised by means of a small fork through
the apertures in the outside case; this mode I claim as part of my improve-
ment, doing away with the necessity of the wick being cut exactly even, for
should the wick smoke at one point it may be easily drawn down from the
nearest aperture in the case without lessening the entire flame.
.
Secondly, the mode by which an additional supply of air is conducted to the
wick or burner, bringing two currents into contact by means of small tubes
fixed into the outside case of the burner, and at right angles with it, thus
forming at the same time connection between the atmosphere and the wick
and a support for the chimney which should have an aperture in the bottom
just large enough for it to pass over the burner and rest for support on the
small tubes; thus the chimney being enclosed at the bottom, it will require
nothing to prevent it falling off, supported as it will be by the small tubes
before named, thus the light will be reflected upon the top of the lamp table,
or as it may be, through the flat bottom of the chimney between the tubes,
and at the same time the quantity of air coming in direct contact with the wick
or burner, will be greatly increased.
Thirdly, the modification of the same lamp for volatile spirits, which will
consist of the tube between the inside and outside case being brought down to
the bottom of the outside case, and fixed to the same by means of a collar to
prevent any connection between the flame and the vessel containing the spirit,
the connection between the atmosphere and the wick being formed by means
of tubes, as before explained.
The improvements before named and claimed have respect to any burner
which cause the air to pass through the centre or within the flame, to which
a deflector should be attached by means of a rod passing through the centre
of the burner or any more convenient means, causing the air passing through
the same to be deflected against the flame, neither of which (that is to say,
any burner causing the air to pass through the centre or within the flame or
the button deflector, neither the form of lamp, or the mode of supplying thẻ
oil to the wick which may be either by suction or bý mechanism) do I claim
as my Invention unless used in connection with the improvements before
claimed.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said James Hosking in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
8th August 1859.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JAMES
HOSKING, Oil Merchant, of Walworth Common, in the County of Surrey,
send greeting.
:
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Eight day of February, in the year of our Lord
One thousand 'eight hundred and fifty-nine, in the twenty-second year of 'Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her leirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said James Hosking, Her special licence that I, the said James Hosking, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said James
Hosking, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the
term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANU-
FACTURE OF LAMPS," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said
James Hosking, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing
under my or their or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe
and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the
same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal
Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date
of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said James Hosking, do hereby declare the
nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:
First, there is a greater quantity of air brought into direct contact with the
wick or burner by means of apertures formed in the outside case of the
burner about an inch and a half below the top (but for fatty oils within the
suction of the wick.) Above the apertures, and between the outside and
inside case of the burner, there is another tube, the top of which should
come just below the level of the outside case, and the bottom: about three-
quarters of an inch below, the distance between the outside and inside case
being about three-eights of an incb,. but at the same time the space between
these, and also the length of the middle tube may be modified; the middle
tube being attached at the bottom by small screws or otherwise (providing it be

page_text: easily detached for cleaning) to the outside case, thus forming a deflector
against which the air supplied through the apertures below come into contact,
and is deflected to a certain extent into the fibre of the cotton, and is caused
to pass through and around the same, consuming a greater quantity of carbon.
The cotton or wick being raised or lowered by rack and pinion, or any more
convenient means upon the inside tube (which should be attached to the
bottom of the vessel containing the oil or spirits to allow free. access of air.
through the burner,) but I prefer that it should be raised by means of a small
fork through the apertures in the outside case. This mode I claim as part of
my improvement, doing away with the necessity of the wick being cut exactly
even; for should the wick smoke at any point, it may be easily drawn down
from the nearest aperture in the case (there being four at equal distances, and
about a half inch in length each,) without lessening the entire flame.
Secondly, I bring two currents of air into contact by means of small tubes
fixed into the outside case of the burner, and at right angles with it, thus
forming at the same time a connection between the atmosphere and the wick,
and also a support for the chimney, which should have an aperture in the
bottom just large enough for it to pass over the burner, and rest for support
on the small tubes, thus the chimney being enclosed at the bottom, it will
require nothing to prevent it falling off, supported as it will be by the small
tubes before named; thus the light will be reflected upon the top of the
lamp table, or as it may be through the flat bottom of the chimney between
the tubes. But for the ordinary chimney I have a gauge to take the place of
the bottom of the chimney, the same being enclosed (and rest also for
support on the small tubes before mentioned,) and having a rim to hold the
chimney firm:
Thirdly, the modification of the same lamp for volatile spirits, which
consist of the tube between the inside and outside case being brought down to
the bottom of the outside case and fixed to the same by means of a collar to
prevent any connection between the flame and the vessel containing the
spirit, the connection between the atmosphere and the wick being formed,
as before explained, by means of tubes through which also the wick may be
raised.
The improvements before named and claimed have respect to any burner
which cause the air to pass through the centre or within the flame, to which a
deflector should be attached by means of a rod passing through the centre of
the burner or any more convenient means, causing the air passing through the
same to be deflected against the flame, neither of which, that is to say, any
burner causing the air to pass through the centre or within the flame or the

page_text: button deflector, neither the form of lamp, or mode of supplying the oil, &c.
to the wick (which may be either by suction or mechanism,) do I claim
as my Invention unless used in connection with the improvement befored
claimed.
In witness whereof, I, the said James Hosking, have hereunto set my
hand, this Eight day of Augu', in the year of our Lord One thousand
eight hundred fifty-nine.
JAMES HOSKING. (L.S.)