IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF GUN BARRELS, VICES, AND VARIOUS KINDS OF TOOLS AND INSTRUMENTS IN WHICH THE HANDLES ARE SECURED IN OPEN EYES
Year: 1868

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Edward Newton, of the Office for
Patents, 66; Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Civil
Engincer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF
GUN BARRELS, VICES, AND VARIOUS KINDS OF TOOLS AND INSTRUMENTS IN
WHICH THE HANDLES ARE SECURED IN OPEN EYES."-A. communication
from abroad by Harvey Lester Lowman, of the City and State of
New York United States of America
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Edward
Newton at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his
Petition, on the 19th October 1868..
I, WILLIAM EDWARD NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery
Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF
GUN BARRELS, VICES, AND VARIOUS KINDS OF TOOLS AND INSTRUMENTS IN WHICH
THE HANDLES ARE 'SECURED IN OPEN EYES," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to certain improvements upon an Invention for
improvements in machinery for forming pickaxes and other tools, for
which I obtained Letters Patent bearing date 5th May 1868 (No. 1475).

page_text: The present Invention has for its object the manufacture of gun
barrels, vices, and other articles upon a system and by means of
machinery resembling in some particulars that which I have described
In
in the Specification of the aforesaid Patent for making pickaxes.
order to make a gun barrel for instance, a short piece of solid bar iron
or steel of suitable length and thickness is heated and then placed in
a dic, and a punch is brought with considerable force and pressure
against one end of the heated bar, so as to indent that end and force
out a corresponding projection at the other end; a second punch with
a pointed end is then brought against the projecting end of the bar
while hot, and will by pressure be forced through the centre of the bar,
and thus form a hole through it. This second operation may be done
either in the same die or in another die. A mandril is then put in
the hole in the bar, and the latter is rolled or drawn down into a tube.
Parts of vices and tools or instruments which are made with holes or
eyes in them may be formed in the same manner. Some articles of
irregular shape may require a kind of rough preparatory forging before
placing them in the dies, but many articles may be made direct from
square or round bar without any waste, as the metal from the hole or
eye is forced by the punching operation into the corners and other
parts of the dic, so that the punching of the hole will at the same time
form the external face of the article to be made.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said William Edward Newton in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 17th April 1869.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
EDWARD NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery Lanc, in the
County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Nineteenth day of October, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-eight, in the
thirty-second year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and suc-
cessors, give and grant unto me, the said William Edward Newton, Her
special licence that I, the said William Edward Newton, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said William

page_text: Edward Newton, my executors, administrators, and assigns; should at
any time agree with, and no otliers, from time to time and at all times
thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and might lawfully
make,. use,. exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, the Channel. Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention.
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF GUN BARRELS, VICES, AND VARIOUS
KINDS OF TOOLS AND INSTRUMENTS IN WHICH THE HANDLES ARE SECURED IN
OPEN EYES," being a communication to me from abroad,. upon the
condition. (amongst others) that I; the said William Edward Newton;
my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my,
or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and
ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Scal.
Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the
date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said William. Edward.Newton,.do.licrcby
declare thie. nature of the said Invention, and in. what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement, reference being had to the Drawings hereunto
annexed, and to the letters and figures marked thercon (that is to
say): :-
This Invention relates to certain improvements upon an Invention for
which I obtained Letters Patent, bearing date Fifth May, One thousand
cight hundred and sixty-eight, No. 1475, and has for its object the
manufacture of gun barrels, vices, and various kinds of tools and..
instruments (in which the handles are secured in open eyes)..
The object of tlic Invention is effected.upon a system.and.by means of
machinery resembling in. some particulars that which I have described
in the Specification of the aforesaid Patent, which was for making.
pickaxes, and by means of this improved machinery I am enabled to
manufacture the articles above referred to in a cheaper, better, and more
expeditious manner than heretofore..
The Invention consists, mainly, in the form; arrangement; and mode
of using the dies, whereby the several parts of the red hot blank of iron
or other metal are pressed or moulded. into the required form. The
form and mode of working the dies must of course depend upon the
particular. article to be formed, and will be best understood by referring

page_text: to the several Figures in the accompanying Drawings, in which, as
examples, I have shown the machinery I propose to employ for manu-
facturing gun barrels and the various parts of vices.
In order to make a gun barrel, for instance, I employ the machine
shewn at Fig. 1, in which the two pairs of dies which are required
to bring the red hot blank into the desired shape are shewn in section.
A short piece of solid bar iron or steel a of suitable length and thick-
ness, as shewn at Fig. 1, is heated and then placed in a die composed of
two parts b, b, held in moveable jaws c, c, which are mounted on hinges
or pivots d, d, in the lower half of the crosshead e, which is capable of
sliding up and down the vertical guides e¹ of the framing; these jaws
are capable of opening and closing on the hinges or pivots d when
lifted up from the fixed blocks *, g*, on the foundation plate. When
the iron bar a is held in the dies b, b, the crossheads e, e, and jaws c, c¹,
are brought down by the rotation of the cams or excentrics f, f¹, and a
punch is brought with considerable force and pressure against onc
end of the heated bar a so as to indent that end and force out a
corresponding portion of the blank, which then will completely fill the
vacant space in the dies b, b. The upper end of the blank will thus be
rounded, as shewn in the Drawing at Fig. 1, and in the detached view
Fig. 1. The crosshead e will then rise again, and when the jaws c, c,
are clear from the fixed blocks g*, g*, the dies b, b, will be opened by
the coiled spring h, and the blank a may be taken out and removed to
the other pair of dies b', ', when the latter are in the raised and open
position. Upon the crosshead e and jaws c¹, c, descending a second
punch g with a pointed end will be brought against the rounded end
of the bar while hot, and which for this purpose will be inverted in
position in the second pair of dies. The hollow bar a will by the
pressure thus brought to bear on it be forced through the centre of the
bar, and form a hole completely through it, and thus convert it into a
thick tube, as shewn at a' in Figures 1 and 1°. This second operation
may be done in the same dic, but it will be found more convenient to
do this in a separate die b', b', as shewn in Fig. 1. I would here remark
that the punches g and g' are fixed firmly in the foundation plate of
the machine, and that the jaws and dies which carry the red hot blank
are moveable and will bring the blank a or a¹ down on to the fixed
punches in the manner just explained, but it will be evident that if
desired the jaws and dies may be stationary, except. as to their opening

page_text: and closing, and the punches may be moveable, but I find from
experience that the plan shewn in Fig. 1 is the best arrangement and,
mode of operating the parts. I would also remark that it is important
that the inner faces of the dies b, b', should be made convex, as slicwn
in the Figure, otherwise it will be found difficult to remove the blank
from the dies after the punches have forced the soft metal into. all the
corners of the die. When the blank has been formed, as shewn at a',
Fig. 1, it is removed to a draw bench or rolling mill, and a mandril
is put in the hole in the bar, when the latter can be rolled or drawn
down into a tube of the required thickness to form a gun barrel...
-
Parts of vices and tools or instruments, which are made with holes or
eyes in them may be formed in the same manner. Dies suitable for
forming various parts of vices are shown in the Drawing. Fig. 2 is a
front view and Fig. 3 a horizontal section of a pair of dies for forming
the checks or jaws of a vice; a is the red hot iron blank; b, the dic,
and g the fixed punch. The blank has been removed from the die at
Fig. 3, which it will be seen is divided to facilitate the delivery of the
article therefrom. Fig. 4 is a front view and Fig. 5 a horizontal section
of a second set of dics in which the punching operation is completed
and the hole or eye made through the jaw by the pointed punch g¹.
Fig. 6 is a vertical section of part of the machine showing the jaws c¹
for holding the dies b, as in Fig. 1; Fig. 7 is a vertical section of a pair
of jaws and dies for forming the screw box of a vice; Fig. 8 is a similar
view shewing the red hot piece of metal in the dies, and the hole
formed in it ready for tapping to receive the screw. Some articles of
irregular shape, such as the checks or jaws of a vice, may require a kind
of rough preparatory forging before placing them in the dies, as shewn
in Fig. 9, but many articles, such as blanks for gun barrels, may be
made direct from square or round bar iron without any waste, as the
metal from the hole or eye is forced by the punching operation into the
corners and other parts of the dic, as shewn in Fig. 1, so that the
punching of the hole will at the same time form the external face of the
article to be made.
-
Having now described the Invention which has been communicated
to me as aforesaid, and having explained the manner of carrying the
same into effect, I claim as the Invention secured to me by Letters
Patent as aforesaid, the means herein set forth of manufacturing gun

page_text: barrels, vices, and various kinds of tools and instruments (except pick-
axes and coal picks) in which handles are secured in open eyes..
In witness whereof, I, the said William. Edward Newton, lavo
hereunto set my hand and scal, the Fifteenth day of April,.
in the year of our Lord One thousand eight liundred and sixty-
nine:
Witness,
J. W. MOFFATT,
66, Chancery Lanc.
W. E. NEWTON. (L.S.),