Improvements in and relating to Looms for Weaving Pile Fabrics.
Year: 1888

page_text: Date of Application, 25th June, 1888
Complete Specification Left, 25th Mar., 1889
Complete Specification Accepted, 27th Apr., 1889
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and relating to Looms for Weaving Pile
Fabrics.
I, EDWARD CASPER, of No. 21, Colville Terrace, Bayswater, in the County of
Middlesex, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
This invention relates to improvements in or applicable to looms for weaving
whereby an ordinary loom can be utilized for weaving pile fabrics such as velvets,
plushes and the like.
My invention further allows of producing these fabrics by providing the pile or
loops with a warp thread, the interweaving being effected by means of a weft thread
and a second warp thread which weaves a main warp or ground; I thus obtain
fabrics closely woven and firm, and the weaving of which is very rapidly effected.
In carrying my invention into practice I employ two warp beams, the thread
upon one of which furnishes the pile or loop and the thread upon the other, the
main warp or ground. The warp threads pass between two plates which hold them
in the desired elevated position. Blades are placed between the threads of one
warp and each blade passes between the teeth of two combs. The said blades are
fixed to a suitable bar at one end and to a reed at the other end. At one end
each blade is bifurcated, the distance apart of the two arms of which can be
regulated. Between the two arms is placed a circular cutter which is adapted to
be rotated rapidly.
I will now describe the manner in which velvet or the like is produced by my
improved loom.
The pile warp is attached to the main warp threads by means of the weft.
If the threads are caused to intersect each other in front of the blades and sub-
sequently at the back of these blades the pile warp will be formed into loops the size
of which will be greater or less according to whether the intersection has been effected
rom one side or the other.
If the loop thus formed is cut I produce a velvet, if, on the contrary, it is not cut 1
nake a looped fabric.

page_text: It will thus be seen that I can produce velvets fancy figured fabrics high warped
and looped fabrics and fabrics of the most complicated design. As above described to
obtain my loop with the thread it is necessary to alternately join it in front of and
behind the blades. In order to form the plain parts, I make the intersecting or
joining point always from the same side of the blades.
By the working of the machine and the normal advance of the fabric as it is manu-
factured the loops, when formed, will be driven onto the divided parts of the blades
and will be cut in passing under the knife.
The machine is traversed throughout its width by a shaft on which are fixed the
rotating knives which are kept the proper distance apart by means of washers of
suitable thickness.
In order to effect the joining sometimes in front and sometimes at the back of the
blades, I employ a movable comb. This comb is moved from right to left or from
left to right on a slide which is actuated by a double eccentric. The whole is fixed on
a rod or bar which is operated by a disc.
The disc is provided with guides in which run rollers fixed to the rod or bar. The
double eccentric is mounted on a spindle which is operated by a disc. This disc
is operated by two hooked levers which force it to turn by means of pins. A
coiled spring serves to keep the disc in the position given by the hooked levers.
Dated the 25th day of June 1888.
G. F. REDFERN & Co.,
4, South Street, Finsbury, London,
Agents for the Applicant.

page_text: Improvements in and relating to Looms for Weaving Pile
Fabrics.
I, EDWARD CASPER, of No. 21, Colville Terrace, Bayswater, in the County of
Middlesex, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in
and by the following statement:-
-
My invention relates to the manufacture of pile fabrics, either cut or uncut, and to
apparatus therefor.
The chief objects of my invention are to avoid the necessity for using the wires
upon which the loops are formed in making pile fabrics, and to provide improved
means for cutting such loops when producing velvet and other cut pile fabrics,
whereby the manufacture is greatly accelerated.
and
In the accompanying drawing
Figure 1 is a side elevation of apparatus constructed according to my invention,
Figures 2, 3, 4 and 5 are views of details of the same.
Figure 6 is a view illustrating a modification.
a, a¹ indicate the two sets of warp threads for forming the ground of a pile
fabric and the set of warp threads for forming the loop or pile. c, c¹ are the
harness frames for raising and lowering the two sets of ground warp threads a, a¹
alternately and d is the harness frame for raising and lowering the pile warp
threads b.
e, e are a series of blades one of which is arranged between each two warp-
threads b, the said blades being supported at the ends in the beds f, ƒ¹ carried on
any suitable parts of the loom such as g, g¹ to which my improved apparatus is
applied. Each blade e is bifurcated at one end as shown at h, Figure 2, and in
each bifurcation is a rotary cutter i adapted to cut the loop formed upon the said
blades as hereinafter described, all the said blades being mounted upon a shaft k
and rotated by means of a pulley and a band from any suitable point or by any
other suitable means. Washers are placed between the cutters to keep them equi-
distant, the washers and cutters being held in place by nuts on the shaft.
m is a comb or reed having a number of wires n, n passing between the blades e, e
and the warp threads b, which comb is carried in guides o, o and adapted to be
reciprocated to cause each of its wires to come into contact with the blades on either
side of it alternately. Movement is imparted to the comb by cams or eccentrics fixed
to the driving shaft of the loom or behind the parts which impart motion to the
harness frames or by any other desirable means.
The operation of my apparatus is as follows:-Suppose that the warp threads bare
in their elevated positions and that they lie at the left hand sides of the blades looking
from the front of the loom, as shown in Figure 1. If now the comb m is moved

page_text: towards the right the threads 6 will also be moved laterally and the wires n will be
caused to bear against the blades so that when the harness frame d again descends the
threads will be caused to pass at the right hand sides of the blades, whereby a loop
is formed over each blade as shown in Figure 1ª from left to right the thread being
locked to the ground by the weft thread in a well known manner. When the
threads b again rise they lie at the right hand sides of the blades. If now the comb m
be moved to the position shewn in Figure 4 so as to touch the blades on the right
hand sides and to close the passages between them and the wires, then on the next
descent of the harness frame d a loop will be laid over each blade from right to left.
It is obvious that if the threads b are thus caused to pass alternately on opposite sides
of the blades e that the loops can be continuously formed.
As hereinbefore stated the cutting is effected by the rotary cutters i, i, the looped
fabric being forced against the cutters, as shown in figure 1 and more clearly in
figure 5, by the lay of the loom.
When it is not required to cut the loops the cutters i, i are dispensed with and the
blades e, e are formed with pointed ends, as shown in Figure 6, so that the lay of the
loom will drive the loops off the said points.
Some of the advantages of my invention are that I am enabled to produce a fabric
which is partly plain and partly pile, or all pile, and which if all pile is partly cut and
partly uncut. Also by varying the width of the blades e, e at the parts where the
loops are formed. 1 can produce a pile of any required height.
I can employ Jacquard apparatus in conjunction with my improvements whereby I
am enabled to produce figured pile fabrics.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is
(1) In the manufacture of pile fabrics the method of forming the pile or loops
which consists in laying the pile warp threads alternately on opposite sides of blades
arranged between the said threads and locking them with the ground warp threads,
substantially as described.
(2) In a loom for weaving pile fabrics the employment of a series of blades
arranged between the warp threads and over which the threads are laid to form the
loops, in combination with a comb for moving the threads in such a manner as
to cause them to alternately pass on opposite sides of the said blades, substantially
as described.
(3). The combination with the blades e, e having bifurcated ends of the rotary
cutters i, i substantially as, and for the purpose, described.
(4) The improvements relating to looms, substantially as herein before described
and illustrated in the accompanying drawing.
Dated the 25th day of March 1889.
G. F. REDFERN & Co.,
4, South Street, Finsbury, London,
Agents for the Applicant.