MACHINE FOR CROPPING OR SHEARING WOOLLEN, COTTON, LINEN, SILK, AND ALL OTHER CLOTHS MADE WITH A NAP THAT REQUIRE TO BE CROPPED OR SHEARED
Year: 1801

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL. COME,, I, ISAAC
SANFORD, late of .Hartford, in North America, but at present-residing in the
Parish of Saint Pancras, in the County of Middlesex, Gentleman, send greeting.
WHEREAS His most Excellent Majesty King George the Third, by His
Letters Patent under the Great Seal of the United. Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, bearing date at Westminster, the Fourteenth day of
November, in the forty-second year of Flis reign, did give and grant unto me,
the said Isaac Sanford, my executors,, administrators, and assigns, His special.
licence, full power, sole privilege and authority, that I, the said Isaac
Sanford, my executors, administrators, and assigns, during the term of years
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend,
within England, Wales, and the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, my new
Invented "MACHINE FOR CROPPING OR SHEARING WOOLLEN, COTTON, LINEN, SILK,
AND ALL OTHER CLOTHS MADE WITH A NAP THAT REQUIRE TO BE CROPPED OR
SHEARED;" in which Letters Patent there is contained a proviso, obliging
me, the said Isaac Sanford, under my hand and seal, to cause a particular
description, of the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be inrolled in His Majesty's High Court of Chancery
within four calendar months next and immediately ensuing the date of the
said in part recited Letters Patent, as in and by the same, relation being
thereunto had, may more fully and at large appear.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, 1, the said
Isaac Sanford, do hereby declare that the nature of my said Invention, and the
manner in which the same is to be performed, is described in manner and
form following, that is to say :-
Erect a frame A, A, A, Figure 1, thirteen feet long, eleven wide, and seven
high, or any other more convenient size, with two beams B, B, placed hori-
zontally, and framed into the posts about three feet from the bottom rails.
The beams support a frame C, C, shewn in section 1, which moves in a hori
zontal direction backwards and forwards on them. The frame moves on friction
rollers D, D, and contains three tables or shear boards E, E, E, on which the
cloth is shorn. Two of them are placed on the upper side, one at each end
of the table frame. The other table or shear board is confined in an inverted
position to the under side of the frame. The cloth passes over the upper
tables and under the inverted one, forming a number of curves in its way
through, and by that means is exposed for shearing on both sides at the same
time. Each end of the table frame C, C, extends over the beams B, B,
Figure 1, which support it, and have parts projecting downwards, which at
one end of the frame support an octagonal bar F, as shewn, section 1, on
which the cloth is placed, and from which it passes over the first upper table,
then under the inverted table, then over the next upper one to a cylinder G
at the end of the table frame, over which it passes to a second octagonal bar II
below it. The cylinder and bar are placed in the projections at the end of
the frame, and connected by a band a. The cylinder G is coated with fish
skin, or otherwise made rough, to prevent the cloth from slipping on it. On
one end of the cylinder is a band wheel I, with handles in the side of it, by
which the wheel and cylinder G is moved round, at which time the rough coat
of fish skin causes the cloth to move with the cylinder, and by one revolution
shifts it under all the sheers, and by means of the connecting band a the
bar revolves and receives the cloth as the cylinder moves it forward.
By that means the cloth will be prevented from winding round the cylinder G,
-and-move-an-equal distance each revolution of the wheel I. A piece of metal C,
sect. 1, with a notch, is placed on the periphery of the band wheel I; a catch-e
is placed on the table frame C, C, which falls into the notch, and confines the
wheel I till the cloth is again shifted, at which time the catch e is lifted from
the notch, and as the wheel moves round replaces itself in the notch, and
again confines the wheel in the same position. A metal frame E, M, sect. 2,
composed of bars, and containing a number of hooks, which hold the list and
stretch the cloth, is placed at each end of the tables E, E, E, sect. 1. The
outer end of each frame is confined by a slip joint in angular supporters

page_text: ffffff, fastened to the table frame, the other ends containing the hooks
lay on the ends of the tables with liberty to rise and fall. Two irons bars g, 9,
sect. 1, are placed on the sides of the table frame. Each bar contains a number
of inclining planes h, h, h, h, h, which move in contact with the hook frames
E, M, to raise and fall the hooks, and move them back in the slip joints, to
stretch the cloth widthwise. The bars g, g, are connected by a horizontal
lever j, working on a pin in the centre at one end of the table frame. By
that means, when one of the bars is moved the other will move with it, and
by a part of the inclining planes cause the hooks to take hold of the list on
both sides of the cloth at once, and stretch it widthwise on all the tables, to
prevent it being from injured by the shears; and by an opposite motion of
the bars g, g, a second part of the inclining planes raise the hooks from the
list all at the same time, and liberate the cloth on all the tables. The bars of
the hook frames at one end of the tables E, E, E, are moveable backwards
and forwards in sockets K, K, K, and confined in them by screws when
adjusted, and by that means are moved and set to any width of cloth. On
the octagonal bar F, sec. 1, on which the cloth is placed on the first end
of the table frame C, C, is a ratchet wheel I, that slips on its centre,
and is tightened or loosened by a spring I, scerewed against it on the
end of one of the bars g, g. Over it is a catch b, that acts on the periphery
of the wheel L; by that means, when the bars g, g, are moved, and cause the
hooks to tighten the cloth widthwise, the catch moves in contact with the
ratchet wheel and tightens it lengthwise, and when sufficiently tight, the
wheel L slips on its centre, and follows the catch till it stops, leaving the
cloth equally tight each time it is shifted; and when the bars g, g, are removed
to lift the hooks and liberate the cloth, the catch b moves with them, and
liberates the wheel L, and permits the cloth to be moved forward and shifted.
Cylindrical brushes m, n, are placed by the side of the tables E, E, E, sec. 1,
supported at each end by springs m, m, m, m, placed on the sides of the table
frame; the springs are raised or lowered by means of screws, to cause more or
less pressure of the brushes on the cloth when required. A bar is placed in
the table frame under each brush; the cloth passes between the bars and
brushes, by, that means they revolve on the cloth with any degree of pressure
that may be required. On one end of the brushes are pullies o, o, connected
by boards 1, 1, with the band wheel I on the coated cylinder G, which revolves
to shift the cloth, and while moving the brushes n, n, revolve and brush the
nap up. Between the brushes and shears are metal scrapers p, p, placed in
contact with the cloth, which scrape the nap and set it up as the cloth passes
.them. The scrapers are supported at each end on the table frame in the same

page_text: manner as the brushes, before described; by that means the cloth is bruslied,
scraped, and shifted on all the tables at the same time by one revolution of
the band wheel I and cylinder G, and at.the same time brushed to lay. the
nap down as it leaves the last set of shears by a.cylindrical brush.M, placed in
the table frame C, C,.. connected by. a band 16 with a wheel 15 .on the
cylinder G, which causes it to revolve with the. cylinder while the cloth is
moving forward. when shifted. A moveable bar N is placed on the table 'frame,
with one end projecting out in a horizontal position, and confined, by a..screw
to its place when adjusted, to stop the shears at any particular width of cloth,
as will hereafter be described. A moveable beam P, sec. 8, is placed on the
standing frame at right angles over one end of the tables,. and.supported at
each end by the side rails k, a, Fig. 1, with, a round bar of iron Q, sec. 8,
extending from end. to end, confined to the side of it. .A small wheel or pinion
is fastened to each end of the bar Q, and niové in ratches. R; placed on the
rails k, a, Fig. 1, under them. A crank handle. S is fastened to one end of
the bar Q, by which it is turned round.to remove the beam. P in adjusting the
shears to any particular width of the cloth. A metal cramp T. containing a
screw is placed on each end of the beam, by which it is confined. wlien removed
to any proper station. One pair of shears 1, 'd,' is placed on. the end of each
upper table under the beam P, as are shewn. in sec. 1, connected with it by
metal stays U, U, as in sec. 8, consisting of three parts, joined at right angles,
two of which are placed in a perpendicular position against the side of the
beam, and confined to it by guides 1, 2, 1, 1, which allow the stays to rise and
full freely in the same position. Each stay has two broad fect, to which the
ledger blade is fastened by a screw in each foot W, W, sec. 3; three other
screws are placed in each foot, by which the edge of the ledger blade is set up
or down to cut a long or short nap. Screws t, t, t, t, sec. 3, are placed in. the
upper guides 7, 7, of the stays U, to which they are set backwards and forwards
to adjust the heel and point of the shears to the shape by the tables, and cause
them to cut the nap equal and uniformly with each other. Three other
moveable-beams, each-supporting-the-same-number-of-shears-as-the first,-arc
placed over the tables in the same manner as 'the first described, and in that
way as many beams and shears are placed over the tables E, E, E, as can have
room to work on them, as shewn in sec. 1 and 4, and by the crank handles S
are removed and adjusted at equal distances on any width of cloth, and cause
each pair to shear an equal part of the surface. The shears are stationary
while at work, and when the cloth is moved under them, and clipped by the
first pair to where the second begun, the whole work will be shorn. The
beam P, supporting the first shears, which begin at the first list of the cloth,

page_text: may be fixed in its place, and the cloth in shifting be moved in a right position
for the shears to begin. Bars V, V, sec. 4, which lift the shears by the stays,
are placed under the horizontal parts of the stays U, U, over cach table, laying
on the top of the moveable beams P, as are shewn, Figure 1, and are confined
at each end by gudgeons placed in the standing frame. The bars V; V, are
widest one way, with their gudgeon's placed eccentrical, and lay flat on the.
beans free from the stays when the shears are down, and when the bars are
turned up they lift the stays and shears from the cloth. On'one end of each
lifting bar V, V, sect. 4, is a wheel, moved by a ratch X, X, on a bar Y, placed
on the side of a beam Z, Fig 1. One end of the bar Y with a ratch extends
out beyond the side of the standing frame, over which is placed a wheel u on a
shaft V, confined at each end by ictal supporters; fastened to the frame at one
end of the shaft is a crank handle W, by which the 'wheel U is moved back-
wards and forwards, causing the bar's VV, as sliëwn, sec. 4, to move by the
ratches to X, X, on the bar Y, and raise and fall the shears. On the standing
frame A, A, A, at one side is a shaft and band wheel Y, Fig. 1, from which
the other parts receive motion. At the opposite side of the frame is a shaft,
with a ratchet wheel Z, A, Fig. 1, 'containing six hundred tecth. in the
periphery of the rim. Between the two shafts is a beani Z, supporting a
number of cranks A, B, connected with each other and acting as one; at one
end of the cranks is a pulley A, C, connected by a band with the first wheel
Y, or moving power. A piece of metal A, D, sec. 5, that is about three
inches square and two and a half thick, is placed on one end of the cranks
A, B, and is moveable by two' screws placed in it, by which it is confined to
the cranks when adjusted. A pin 4which acts as a crank is placed in the
side of the metal piece A, D, on 'which one end of the iron. bar A; E,
Fig. 1, works; the other end of the bar extends over the ratchet
wheel Z, A, "and has a spring 5 placed on the under side, and will be liere-
after described. A catch 1 is fastened to the bar A, E, which acts against
the teeth of the wheel Z, A, and propels it when tlie bar is in motion. A
second catch 2 is placed below the first, with one end confined by a pin to
the standing frame; the other end lays in contact with the periphery of the
ratchet wheel Z, A, and prevents it from recoiling while the first catch is
moving back to take a second tooth; guide 3 is fistened to the bar A, E,
and extends down on each side of the catch 2, with a 'pin through both parts
below it. By that means, when the bar A; E, and catch 1 is lifted, the lower
catch 2 rises with it, and liberates the ratchet wheel Z, A. The metal piece
A, D, sec 5, containing the pin 4, is moved by the screws to adjust the motion
of the bar- A, E, and catch 1 to the size of the teeth on the ratchet wheel,

page_text: which are all equal, and by that means cause the cloth to move an equal
distance for each clip of the shears. The pin 4 in the metal piece A, D, sect. 5,
is placed eccentrical and in a reversed position to the cranks; by that means
the cloth is moved under the shears while they are opening, and stands still
while they are shutting to cut the nap. Under one end of the table frame C, C,
Fig. 1, containing the band wheel I, is a bar A, F, placed on the horizontal
beam B, and confined to it at one end by a pin, with liberty for the other to
rise and fall, which is connected with one end of a second bar A, G, placed in
a rectangular position on the lower rail at one end of the standing frame, and
confined to it by a pink in the center, with liberty to rise and fall with the
first bar A, F. A spring catch A, H, is fastened to the second bar A, G, and
moves with it, and when the bar A, G, is lifted by the first bar A, F, the
spring A, H, catches on a piece of metal 6 placed on the frame over it, when it
continues holding the bars up till displaced by the end of the moveable bar N.
in the table frame (before described), at which time the bars A, F, and A, G,
fall and stop the cranks A, B, and ratchet wheel Z, A, which stops the table
frame C, C. The opposite end of the second bar A, G, under the ratchet
wheel Z, A, is connected with a perpendicular bar a, I, confined in that posi-
tion by guides on the post of the frame, and connected at the upper end with
the spring 5 on the bar A, E, over the ratchet wheel Z, A. The spring 5 pre-
vents the catch 1 from mistaking the teeth, by rebounding as it falls from one
tooth to another when in motion, and causes it to keep its hold while pushing
forward, and rise over the teeth in moving back, without moving the perpen-
dicular bar a, I, which by that means stands still till lifted by the falling of the
bars A, F, and A, G, at which time it moves up the spring 5 in contact with
the bar A, E, and disengages the catches 1 and 2 from the ratchet wheel Z, A.
By that means, when the first horizontal bar A, F, is lifted, the second A, G,
rises with it and moves down the perpendicular bar a, I, which permits the bar
and catches 1, 2, to fall in contact with the ratchet wheel Z, A, and when the
cranks A, B, are in motion the catch 1 propels the ratchet wheel, which moves
the cloth under the shears, as will hereafter be described. At one end of the
shaft of the ratchet wheel Z, A, are a number of pullies 7, Pl. I, placed con-
tiguous and of different sizes, from eight inches diameter down to five. The
ratchet-wheel-contains six-hundred teeth, as before described. At the other
end of the shaft is a similar number of pullies, corresponding in every shape
with the first. The ratchet wheel is not confined to six hundred teeth, but
may have any other convenient number, and the pullies made accordingly.
Chains or cords 9, 9, are fastened to the pullies 7 and 8, of equal diameter at
each end of the shaft, and passed down under friction pullies 10, 10, placed ou

page_text: the standing frame, then in a horizontal direction to the side of the table
frame C, C, and fastened to it. By that means, when the cranks A, B, are
put in motion by the pulley A, C, on them, the bar A, E, and ratch 1 propel
the ratchet wheel Z, A, and wind the chains 9, 9, round the pullies 7 and 8 on
the shaft, and draw the table frame C, C, under the shears, which are
stationary; and when the opposite list of the cloth arrives at the edges of the
ledger blades, the projecting end of the moveable bar N in the table frame
(before described) displaces the spring catch A, HI, and the horizontal
bars A, F, and A, G, fall, and raise the perpendicular bar a, I, which lifts the
catches 1 and 2, and liberates the ratchet wheel, and stops the table frame and
shears, as will be more fully described hereafter. Over each set of shears on
each table are meatal bars A, J, and A, K, sec. 4, placed in a horizontal
position, and supported by guides placed on the beams which support the stays;
one end of the bars are connected with the lower ends of the levers A, L, and
A, M, placed perpendicularly, and confined by pins in their centers to metal
supporters, which are fastened to the beam Z, on which the cranks A, B, are
placed, as are shewn in Fig. 1. The upper ends of the levers A, L, and A, M,
are connected with arms A, N, and A, O, sec. 4, which lay horizontally, with
one end placed on the cranks A, B, by which the arms are moved, and give
motion to the levers and bars; a number of moveable sockets a are placed on
the bars A, J, and A, K, sec. 4, over the shears, as are shewn over table E,
No. 1. Each socket has a part projecting down in a perpendicular direction.
by the back side of the runner blades of the shears under them; a screw is
placed in each socket, by which they are fastened to the bar when adjusted
with the projections in contact with the runner blades. By that means,
when the cranks A, B, gives motion to the arms A, N, and A, O, and
levers A, L, and A, M, they give motion to the bars A, J, and A, K,
and move. them backwards and forwards, causing the projections to shut
the shears, which open by the spring of the bows causing the runner
blades to move in continual contact with the projections as they open and
shut. One end of the bars A, J, and A, K, which shut the shears are
connected with a counteracting spring A, P, placed on the standing frame,.
and resists the spring of the shears when opening; the counteracting spring
is strengthened or weakened by screws placed in staples which confine it to
the frame; by that means the force of the spring is increased or diminislied
in proportion to the number of shears at work, causing them to move with an
even and easy motion. In the upper end of each perpendicular lever is an
opening A, Q, sec. 4, which receives a pin in the end of the arm A, N, and A, O,
over them, when the arms are dropped in contact with the ends of the levers,,

page_text: and by that means are united for, action, and by lifting any one of the arms
from the lever, it stops a set of the shears without stopping the cranks; by
that means any set of the shears on any of the tables may be stopped whilst
the others continue their work. When one set of the shears are required to
stand still whilst, the others are in motion, the silent set are suspended by a
second bar A, R., sec. 6, by the side of the lifting bars V, V, (before described,)
and is set up by hand when the first bar V has lifted the stays U, which then
rest on the second bar A, R;. independant of the first, and suspend the shears
from the cloth. When any one pair or more and not a whole set are required
to stand still whilst the others work, the silent ones are stopped by removing the
sockets and projections from, the blades a, b, and suspended singly by props
placed between the horizontal parts of the stays and beams which support
them by that means the whole or any part of either set of the shears or
any of the tables may be silenced and suspended from the cloth, whilst the
others continue their work as may be required for shearing cloths of different
widths. One end of a lever A, S, sec. 8, supporting a weight A, T, is placed
over the stays U of each pair of shears; the other end rests on a post A, U,
placed on the, beain P, which supports tlie 'stays; the ends over the stays form
an angle, the perpendicular part of which is placed on the stays U, and suffi-
ciently high for the weight to pass over them when moved backwards and
forwards; to increase or diminish the pressure of the shears on the cloth when
required. A bar A, V, sec. 4, is placed in a horizontal position, and con-
fined by guides to the beam Z (shewn Fig. 1), which supports the crank A, B ;
one end of the bar A, V, extends over the pulley' A, C; on the bar are two
projecting parts 6, 6, (shewn in sec. 4;) extending up on each side of the
pulley, and move it. backwards and forwards with the bar A, V, when that is
moved. A catch is placed on the side of the pulley, and moved with it in
contact with a pin in the cranks, by that means they are put in motion. On
the end of the bar under the pulley A, C, is an inclining plane c, i, Fig. 1,
that passes over and catches on the end of a horizontal lever A, X, confined
by: a pin to the standing frame; the other end of the lever is connected with
the upper end of a perpendicular bar A, Y, the lower end of which rests on the
second falling bar A, G, at the end of the frame, which liberates the ratchet
wheel (as before described). The opposite end of the bar A, V, is connected
with a lever handle, as shewn, sec. 4, e, e, confined to the beam Z by a più;
the bar is moved by the handle to move the pulley A, C, and catch in contact
with the pin in the cranks, which puts them in motion, by which the shears,
rachet wheel, and table frame all' begin their movements at once, and at the
same time the inclining-plane c, i, Fig. 1, passes over the end of the lever A, X,

page_text: which. by the weight of the perbendicular bar A, Y, rises past the inclining
plane, and prevents the bar A, V, from moving back and liberating the pulley
on the cranks, till the lever A, X, is removed from the inclining plane by the
falling of the bars A, F, and A, G, which drop and deliberate the ratchet wheel
Z, A, at which time the lever A, X, is removed from the inclining plane c, i, and
liberates the bar A, V, which moves back by a spring, and removes the pully
from the pin and stops the cranks. On the band wheel I, Fig. 1, is a piece of
wood or metal c, c, projecting beyond the periphery. A similar projection d, d,
is placed on the first falling bar A, F; by that means, when the band wheel I is
moved round to shift the cloth, the projection c, c, on it is moved in contact
with the projection d, d, on the bar, and lifts it, together with the second bar-
A, G, and replaces the spring catch A, H, which holds theni up, and at the same
time replaces the bar A, E, and catches 1, 2, in contact with the ratchet wheel
Z, A, ready for action; and by moving the metal bars g, g, sec. 1, the
inclining planes h, h, h, h, h, causes all the books 11, 11, 11, 11, to take hold
of the list at once and stretch the cloth widthwise on all the tables, and at
the same time the ratchet wheel L stretches it lengthwise, and by moving the
crank handle u all the shears are placed on the cloth at once; and by moving
the lever handle E, E, as shewn, sec. 4, the bar A, V, moves the pulley A, C,
and catch in contact with the pin in the cranks and puts them in motion,
together with the shears, ratchet wheel, and table frame, all at the same time;
and as the ratchet wheel Z, A, Fig. 1, moves forward, the chains 9, 9, wind
into the pullies 7 and 8, and draw the table frame and cloth under the shear's
whilst they are in motion, until the opposite list to which the shears begun
arrives at the edges of the shears next to it, at which time the projecting end
of the bar N is moved by the table frame in contact with the spring catch A, HI,
and displaces it; the.bars A, F, and A, G, then drop and liberate the ratchet
wheel Z, A, and pulley A, C, which stops the cranks, together with the shears,
ratchet wheel, and table frame, all at once, and by moving the crank handle w
the shcars are all lifted from the cloth at once, which permits the table frame and
cloth to return to its first position, which it then does by means of weights sus-
pended by cords passing over friction pulleys, which are placed on the opposite
side of the standing frame: The bars g; ġ, sec. 1, are then removed, and by a
second part of the inclining planes lift all the hooks on all the tables at once
and liberate the cloth, which is then shifted, as before described, on the shaft of
the ratchet wheel-Z, A; at the end are chains or cords 12, 12, fastened to the
pullies 7 and 8, and passing down under friction rollers 13, 13, placed on the
standing frame; then in.a horizontal direction to the table frame, and fastened
to it by the side of the first chains 12; 12, which draw the table frame. The

page_text: second chains or cords are placed to wind on to the pullies 7 and 8 as the first
unwind when the table frame is returning; by that means the second chains
stop the retrogade motion of the ratchet wheel and shaft at the time the table
frame is returned to its first position, and prevent the first chains from
unwinding more than required for that purpose, and causing them to stop in a
tight position ready to draw the table frame and cloth at the first motion of
the cranks and ratchet wheel. By shifting the chains 9, 9, to the different
sized pullies on the shaft, the cloth will move under the shears with more or
less velocity, in proportion to the size of the pullies they may be on, without
varying the velocity of the ratchet wheel, and cause a greater or less number
of clips in a yard in any given time the wheel may require for one revolution;
by that means cloth may be shorn with more or less speed, according to its
quality. The same number of shears are placed under the inverted table
(before described) as are on one of the upper tables; the shears are supported
by a frame under them, partly shewn 1, a, Fig. 1, containing the same
number of moveable beams as the frame above; the lower beams are moved by
pinions and ratchets similar to those above (before described). The under side
shears and stays are united and confined to the beams in the same manner as
those above (before described). The positions of the under side shears 1, c,
sec. 6, are inverted, and caused to press up against the cloth by lever S, A,
and weights S, B. The levers are placed on the frame under them, with one
end under the horizontal part of the stays U; the other receive a weight S, B,
which is moved backwards and forwards to increase or diminish the pressure of
the shears up against the cloth. The bar S, C, which forces the under side
shears down from the cloth, is similar to the bars V, V, above, before described,
and connected with them by chains 14, 14, which cause them to move
altogether by the crank handle w (as before described); a second bar S, D,
sec. 6, and props are placed for the under side shears, similar to those above,
A, R, before described. The under side shears 1, c, are worked by a bar S, E,
sec. 4, and sockets, in the same manner as those above, before described. The
horizontal bar S, E, is connected with a perpendicular lever S, G, at the side of
the standing frame opposite the cranks A, B, on which the arm S, I, works,
Jaying in a horizontal position over the tables, and connected with the lever
S,G,-in-the-same manner as the arms and levers, before described.. Brushes
and scrapers are placed in contact with the under side of the cloth, in the same
mauner as those above (before described), and brush and scrape the nap when
required. By that means both sides of the cloth may be brushed, scraped,
and shorn at the same time; or but one, as may be required, and with as many
kirfs, all at the same time, as there are sets of shears, and, the nap brushed,

page_text: scraped, and set up for each kirf as the cloth moves on to the tables, which
may be increased on the same principle from one table and one pair of shears
to any greater number sufficient to finish shearing the cloth by once passing it
under the different sets of shears through the machine. A second method of
skirting the shears, as shewn, sec. 4, table E, No. 2; instead of the perpendicular
projections on the sockets (as before described) by the Drawing, sec. 4, table
E, No. 1, arms are placed in the sides of the sockets, and work on pins
screwed into them. The other ends of the arms are connected with the upper
ends of perpendicular levers, placed with the lower ends in contact with the
runner blades of the shears, and confined in that position by metal bars
extending from one part of the stays to the levers, and confined to each by
pins, with liberty to work backwards and forwards, and rise with the shears
when they are lifted; by that means, when the horizontal bars move forwards,
the arms on the sockets push the upper ends of the levers out from the
shears and the lower ends in which shuts the shears, and when the bar moves
back they open by the spring of the bows, which is counteracted by the spring
(as before described). The arms and levers are adjusted to the shears by
removing the sockets, in the same manner as the projections before described.
A second method of lifting the shears.-Instead of the ratches and wheels on
the lifting bars (as before described), they are lifted by inclined planes in place
of them, and moved by the horizontal bar, which moves (as before described).
Instead of the metal scrapers (before described), a stationary brush filled with
wires or brissels is placed in contact with the cloth, which moves under it and
sets the
up
The bars which rise and fall the hooks and stretch the cloth
are moved backwards and forwards by a ratch and pinion, with a crank handle
placed on the table frame. Instead of the ratch and pinion they may be
moved by a lever, or have handles at the ends of the bars and be moved by
hand.
nap.
In witness whereof, I, the said Isaac Sanford, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this Eleventh day of March, in the forty-second year of the
reign of our Sovereign Lord George the 'Third, by the grace of God, of
the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, King, Defender.of
the Faith, and in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred

page_text: AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the same Eleventh day of March, in
the year above mentioned, the aforesaid Isaac Sanford came before our Lord
the King in His. Chancery, and acknowledged the Specification aforesaid,
and all and every thing therein contained, in form above written. And also
the Specification aforesaid was stamped according to the tenor of the Statute
in that case made and provided.
Inrolled the Thirteenth day of March, in the year above written.