THDRAWER SWING MACHINES
Year: 1865

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Henry de Mornay, of No. 10, Westbourne Grove
North, Bayswater, in the County of Middlesex, for the Invention of
"THDRAWER SWING MACHINES"
זבד
T37
SEWING MACHINES
,
Sealed the 14th November 1865, and dated the 19th May 1865.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Henry de Mornay at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 19th
May 1865.
I, HENRY DE MORNAY, of No. 10, Westbourne Grove North, Bayswater,
in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN SEWING MACHINES," to be as follows:-
This Invention has reference to such sewing machines as are arranged to
be actuated through a crank and connecting rod, and has for its object to
assist the crank over the dead centres, and thus to prevent the stoppages
upon the dead centres and the frequent false backward action arising from
such stoppages to which the machines now in use are liable. In order to
attain the above object I arrange and place in connection with the crank
convenient and suitable mechanism, which will absorb and reserve during
certain portions of each revolution of the crank a part of the power exerted
by the operator, and will give out the power so reserved during certain other

page_text: intermediate portions of each revolution in such manner as to assist the crank
over the dead centres. This mechanism may be varied, and may consist of a
spring made of any suitable elastic material, which spring is compressed or
extended, bent or unbent (according to the form and kind of spring used), at
certain intervals in the rotation of the crank shaft by inclines of a conveniently
formed cam, and the power thus absorbed by the spring is allowed to re-act
against other inclines of the cam when the crank is passing the dead centres.
Instead of using rotating cam surfaces connected with the crank shaft a like
effect may be produced by a roller or rollers fixed at convenient distances
from the axis of the crank, and so as to revolve with it. These rollers by
acting upon a lever or levers compress or extend a spring, and in turn are
impelled onwards by its reaction; or if it should be considered desirable to
dispense with the use of cains and levers springs may be employed and
connected to the crank shaft at equal distances from the axis of the crank,
and in opposite positions with respect to each other, their other ends being
attached to the frame of the machine, or otherwise made fast, so that when
the machine is put in motion the springs will in succession be caused to be
acted on and to react, and in so doing assist the crank to pass over the dead
centres; or instead of compressing or extending springs for the
using the reaction thereof to assist the crank in passing over the dead
centres in some arrangements of my mechanism I use a weight (or it
might be weights), which is alternately raised and allowed to react in
descending.
purpose
of
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Henry de Mornay in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
18th November 1865.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, HENRY
DE MORNAY, of No. 10^, Westbourne Grove North, Bayswater, in the County
-of-Middlesex, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Nineteenth day of May, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-five, in the twenty-eighth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said Henry de Mornay, Her special licence that I, the said Henry
de Mornay, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I,
the said Henry de Mornay, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should

page_text: at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times
thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN SEWING MACHINES," upon the condition (amongst others)
that I, the said Henry de Mornay, my executors or administrators, by an
instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals,
should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention,
and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same
to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office, within six calendar months next
and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Henry de Mornay, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement thereof, that is to say:-
This Invention has reference to such sewing machines as are arranged to
be actuated through a crank and connecting rod, and has for its object to
assist the crank over the dead centres, and thus to prevent the stoppages
upon the dead centres and the frequent false backward action arising from
such stoppages, to which the machines now in use are liable. In order to
attain the above object: I arrange and place in connection with the crank
convenient and suitable mechanism which will absorb and reserve during
certain portions of each revolution of the crank a part of the power exerted
by the operator, and will give out the power so reserved during certain other
intermediate portions of each revolution in such manner as to assist the crank
over the dead centres. This mechanism may be varied, and may consist of a
spring made of any suitable elastic material, which spring is compressed or
extended, bent or unbent (according to the form and kind of spring used), at
certain intervals in the rotation the crank shaft by inclines of a conveniently
formed cam, and the power thus absorbed by the spring is allowed to react
against other inclines of the cam when the crank is passing the dead centres.
Instead of using rotating cam surfaces connected with the crank shaft a like
effect may be produced by a roller or rollers fixed at convenient distances
from the axis of the crank, and so as to revolve with it. These rollers by
acting upon a lever or levers compress or extend a spring, and in turn are
impelled onwards by its reaction; or if it should be considered desirable to
dispense with the use of cams and levers springs may be employed and
connected to the crank shaft at equal distances from the axis of the crank,
and in opposite positions with respect to each other, their other ends being.

page_text: Figures 1, 2, 3, and 4 will serve to illustrate the various arrangements to
which I have especially referred for carrying out my Invention.
In Figure 1; A is the crank shaft; B, the crank; C, the connecting rod,
one end only of which is shown (the other end, as well as the means of
connection with the treadle or other arrangement for driving the machine, may
be made in the usual way); D is the fly wheel; E is a double cam, provided
with two pairs of inclines a, a', and b, b, which must be fixed so as to revolve
with the crank shaft; c is a roller which turns upon a pin fastened to the
lever F, and runs against the cam E; lever F vibrates upon a fixed centre
at d; G is an india-rubber spring, which is attached to the upper end of the
lever the other end of the spring G may be secured to any convenient
part of the frame of the machine. The arrow indicates the direction in which
the fly wheel, crank shaft, crank, and cam revolve. In the Figure the crank
is about to pass its upper dead point, and the incline a of the cam F has
already stretched the spring G to its full, so that the reaction of the spring
will be immediately given through the lever F and roller c against the
incline 6 of the cam E to assist the crank until it has passed the dead point
and has arrived at the position shown in dotted lines, at which time the
cair E, roller c, and lever F will occupy the position indicated for them by
dotted lines: As the cam continues to revolve the incline a¹ next acts upon
the roller c and ägain stretches the spring, which this time in its reaction
causes the roller to press against the incline &¹, and so assist the crank over
its lower dead centre.
In Figure 2 the mode of action is varied, two rollers c and c¹ being
substituted for cam E; these rollers revolve with the crank, and act
alternately upon lever F, which is suitably formed to receive their impulses

page_text: and to react upon them in succession, so as to assist the crank over the
dead points. The Figure shows the crank about to pass the upper dead
point; the spring G has already become fully stretched by the roller c acting
upon the curved portion of the lever F, and the reaction of the spring will
now through the lever assist to force the roller to the position indicated in
dotted lines, and when that position is attained the crank will have passed
the upper dead point and will have arrived in its position, as dotted, as will
also the lever F. As the crank continues to revolve the other roller c' (which
in the Drawing is shown on the same centre as the crank pin, but may be
placed at any other convenient distance from the centre of the crank shaft)
will come into action against the lever F, and will thus stretch the spring G,
which will react as before.
Figure 3 illustrates my application of springs without the aid of cams and
levers. E is a circular plate fixed to the crank shaft; c is a pin fastened in
plate E; to pin care attached the two springs G and Gi; the other ends of
the springs are to be made fast to the frame of the machine at e and e¹. In
the Figure the crank and connecting rod end are shown dotted behind the
plate E, and the crank is about to pass its upper dead point, in which position
it will be observed that the spring G is stretched more than the spring G³, and
therefore exerts a superior force, which acts to assist the crank over the upper
dead centre, although partly counteracted by the increasing force of spring G¹.
When the pin c has arrived at the position dotted at c the crank will have
passed the dead point, and as far beyond it as is its present distance from the
dead point. As the crank continues its revolution the spring G contracts and
G¹ extends until they become of one length and strength, then G' becomes
the longest, until we find them as indicated by the dotted lines, in which
position G¹³ is assisting the crank over the lower dead point as G has been
shown to have done over the upper. The pin c is made to turn in a metal
quill, to which the springs may be bound.
Figure 4 illustrates my application of a weight to be raised and allowed to
assist the crank over its dead points in its descent. W is the weight which is
placed upon a circular plate H, fixed upon a shaft f; this shaft revolves in
accord with the crank shaft A, through pinion g and wheel h, which are
proportioned as one to two. In the Figure the crank is about to pass the
upper dead point, and the weight W, as the arrow indicates, is descending.
When the weight in its descent has arrived at the position indicated by the
dotted lines at W the crank will occupy the position dotted for it, and when
the crank has made half a revolution the weight will have been again raised,

page_text: and will be found in position to assist the crank in passing the lower dead
point.
Having thus described the nature of my Invention, and the manner of
performing the same, I would have it understood that I do not confine myself
to the exact mechanical arrangements described and shown in the Drawing;
but what I claim is, the combining with sewing machines working with a
crank and connecting rod mechanism which will absorb and reserve during
portions of each revolution of the crank a part of the power exerted by
the operator, and will give out the power so reserved during other portions
of each revolution in such manner as to assist the crank over the dead centres,
substantially in the manner herein shown and described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Henry de Mornay, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Seventeenth day of November, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-five.
HY. DE MORNAY. (L.S.)