IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF NAILS
Year: 1880

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Gerard Wenzeslaus von Nawrocki, of the Firm of
J. Brandt and G. W. von Nawrocki, Patent Agents, of 124, Leipziger Strasse,
Berlin, in the German Empire, for an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF NAILS." A communication from Hugo Moeller, of the
Firm of Moeller and Schreiber, of Berlin, in the German Empire.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Gerard Wenzeslaus von
Nawrocki at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 8th March
1880.
GERARD WENZESLAUS VON NAWROCKI, of the Firm of J. Brandt and G. W. von
Nawrocki, Patent Agents, of 124, Leipziger Strasse, Berlin, in the German Empire.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF NAILS." A communication from Hugo
Moeller, of the Firm of Moeller and Schreiber, of Berlin, in the German Empire.
The Invention has for its object the manufacture of finished or half finished nails
from red hot iron bars by passing the latter between rollers, and is more especially
intended for the manufacture of horse shoe nails. The machine consists chiefly of
two pairs of rollers or discs placed at right angles to each other, and between which
the iron bar passes. The edges of these rollers are chamfered so as to form conical
surfaces which touch each other, a rectangular space being left between them which
varies during the revolution of the rollers corresponding to the varying section of
the nail (being largest at the top thereof and diminishing gradually towards its
point), and as many times as there are nails produced by one revolution of the
rollers. The said rectangular space diminishing during the revolution of the rollers
in the manner required determines thereby the shape of the nail shank, while the
head of the nail is produced by corresponding recesses in the circumference of the
rollers. One pair of rollers carries cutters which separate the finished nail from the
iron bar, and as the formation of a new nail commences immediately afterwards no
loss of material occurs by this operation. Motion is communicated to the rollers
by means of bevel wheels in such a manner that the rollers draw the iron bar in
the same direction and with the same speed. The axles of the four rollers revolve
in bearings which can be shifted by means of set screws, and are then fixed to the
frame in the required position by bolts and nuts, an adjustable position of the
Dino R71

page_text: rollers being necessary in order to maintain the required contact between the rollers
in the centre of the machine. Since the contact between two rollers takes place
only at a point or a short line, the hot iron tends to escape at the four corners into
the space left by the rollers, which is prevented by four guard plates attached to
the machine frame. These plates fill with their projecting noses the spaces between
the rollers, thus forming a guide for the iron bar and allowing the formation of a
smooth and sharp edged nail. The rollers are made of three parts, so as to avoid
the necessity of using new rollers for changing the shape or size of nails. The
central part is firmly keyed to the roller shaft, and provided at its circumference
with a projection. On the central part is mounted a steel ring carrying the discs
or forms, and held in position on both sides by the said projection and a projecting
plate fastened with screws.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Gerard Wenzeslaus von Nawrocki in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 7th September 1880.
GERARD WENZESLAUS VON NAWROCKI, of the Firm of J. Brandt and G. W. von
Nawrocki, Patent Agent, of 124, Leipziger Strasse, Berlin, in the German Empire.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF NAILS." A communication from Hugo
Moeller, of the Firm of Moeller and Schreiber, of Berlin, in the German Empire.
The Invention consists in improvements in the construction of machines, and in
the arrangement and application of devices at the same, for rolling and forming
nails or nail blanks with projecting and tapering heads on all four or on less sides,
and also tapering shanks on all four or on less sides (which blanks are afterwards
formed into complete pointed and finished nails by a second machine) from nail
rods in a hot state. Further, in a device for cutting off the separate nails or nail
blanks by adjustable and exchangeable knives. Furthermore, in a device for
securing the uninterrupted and continuous feeding of the nail rod to the four rolls;
and, finally, in auxiliary devices and means of adjustment.
In the accompanying Drawing, which serves to illustrate the Invention, Fig. 1 is
a front elevation, Fig. 2 a plan, and Fig. 3 a side elevation; while Figs. 4 to 12 are
detail views of a machine for making nails in the required shape, except that they
may afterwards be pointed by any ordinary apparatus if sharp points are required.
In Fig. 3 the bevel wheels 80 and 8b are omitted in order to show the rolls more
clearly. The machine consists chiefly of two pairs of rolls or discs, 10, 10, 11ª, 11b,
placed at right angles to each other, and between which the iron bar 17 passes in
the direction indicated by arrows. The edges of these rolls are chamfered so as
to form conical surfaces which touch each other, as shown by the Figures 1,7, and 8,
a rectangular space being left between them, which varies during the revolution of
the rolls, corresponding to the varying section of the nail (being largest at the top
thereof and diminishing gradually towards its point), and as many times as there
are nails produced by one revolution of the rolls. The said rectangular space,
diminishing during the revolution of the rolls in the manner required, determines
thereby the shape of the nail shank, while the head of the nail is produced by
corresponding recesses in the circumference of the rolls. The pair of rolls 100 and
10 carry cutters 19, which separate the nail blank or nail from the iron bar 17,
and as the formation of a new nail commences immediately afterwards (Fig. IV.)
no loss of material occurs by this operation.
The machine is otherwise constructed as follows:-
With the base plate 1 is rigidly connected the frame 2, made of any suitable
shape. The driving shaft 3 is supported by two bearings, and carries the pulley 4
and the spur wheel 5 gearing into the pinion 6 mounted on the shaft 7, which
carries also the bevel wheels 80 and 9, the roll 100 and the spur wheel 12. The
motion of the shaft 7 is communicated to the rolls 110, 11b, by means of the bevel
wheels 8, 8b, and 9ª, 9b, in such a manner that the rolls draw the iron bar in the
same direction and with the same speed, the same condition being also observed
with regard to the fourth roll 10b, which is keyed on the shaft 14 and driven by
means of the spur wheels 12 and 13.
The axles of the four rolls 10ª, 10b, 118, and 11b revolve in bearings, which can be
shifted by means of set screws 16 (Fig. 1) and are fixed to the frame in the required
positions by studs and screw nuts 18 (Figs. 2 & 3), an adjustable position of the
rolls being necessary in order to maintain the required contact between the rolls in
the centre of the machine (Figs. 7 and 8), this adjustment being, however, so
small as not to sensibly interfere with the working of the driving wheels.
As already mentioned the rectangular interstice between the four rolls varies in
size during one revolution of the rolls, which is effected by making the circumference

page_text: of the rolls eccentric to their axis, so that it rises gradually from the notch which
produces the head of the nail, this increase of radius or rise of circumference
recurring as many times as there are head notches on one roll. For the sake of
simplicity Fig. 4 shows only four head notches, the eccentricity of the circumference
being further made apparent in the same Figure by a dotted arc, struck at 26 from
the centre of the roll.
When a red hot iron bar is passed between the revolving rolls the latter draw it
through, so as to produce a nail of the required shape and to cut it off by the
knives 19 of the pair of rolls 10a and 10b, this process being immediately followed
by the formation of a nail head and a second nail (Fig. 4). The rolls 11ª, 11b,
have no cutters.
Since the contact between two rolls takes place only at a point or a short line
the hot iron tends to escape at the four corners into the spaces left by the rolls,
which is prevented by four guard plates 20 attached to the machine frame 2.
These plates fill with their projecting noses (Figs. 5 and 6) the spaces between the
rolls, thus affording a guide for the iron bar and allowing the formation of a smooth
and sharp edged nail; Fig. 5 shows one of the guard plates 20 in three views.
Without the application of a similar device the whole process herein described
would not be practicable. Fig. 6 shows the arrangement of the four guard
plates 20 with the application of a ring 21 provided with set screws 22. The ring
with its screws is placed in front of the machine and on the part of the guard
plates 20 indicated by Fig. 5, in order to effect the necessary adjustment of the
said plates with regard to the rolls. In Figs. 1, 2, and 3 the said ring is omitted
for the sake of clearness.
The rolls are made of three parts (Fig. 4) so as to avoid the necessity of using
entirely new rolls for changing the shape or size of nails.
The central part & is firmly keyed on the shaft of the roll, and provided at its
circumference with a projection. On this part & is mounted a steel ring g carrying
the dies or forms, and held in position on both sides by the said projection f, and a
projecting plate h fastened with screws. (In the front view, Fig. 4, of the roll 10
the plate h is omitted.) The turning of the ring on the part d is prevented by
screws passing through the projection f of the central part d. The rings g
carrying the different dies or forms can thus easily be interchanged.
Because the length of the nails to be rolled varies, the diameter of the rolls is
chosen so as to allow of its being used for several lengths of nails, each length
forming a series on the circumference. The application of different rings g
necessitates the application of different guard plates 20 (but always four equal
plates at the same time) because their projecting noses must always exactly fit into
the interstices between the rolls. The inclination of the lines of contact between
the rolls is determined by the lines connecting the corners of the nail shaft with
the corresponding corners of the nail head (Figs. 7 and 8). The rectangle in the
centre of these Figures corresponds to the cross section of the nail shaft, while the
dotted rectangle corresponds to the section of the nail head.
It will be seen from the Figures that nails with square heads (Fig. 7) require a
different inclination for the lines of contact from those with rectangular heads
(Fig. 8).
The cutters 19, located on the rolls 10ª, 10b, and serving to cut off the finished
nails, are inserted in the ring g from the side with a dove tail joint (shown in
Fig. 4, at ); they are secured laterally by the projection fand the plate h. When
a radial adjustment of these knives becomes necessary their dovetailed part is
somewhat reduced by grinding and a wedge is driven between the ring g and the
base of the knives.
In order to facilitate the setting of the rolls 10, 10b, 11, 11b, so that their
corresponding parts come in contact with each other, the bevel wheels 8b and 9b
and the spur wheel 13 are capable of turning partially on their respective axles,
which is effected by providing each of the said wheels with a separate hub 23,
Fig. 12, keyed on the shaft, and mounting the wheel proper on this hub with a

page_text: moveable sleeve 24, provided with slots, through which pass the bolts or studs 25,
fixed in the hub 23. These slots allow of the wheel being turned on the hub 23,
while the studs 25 serve to maintain both parts in the required position. I do not
claim a machine for rolling nails in general, but confine myself to the devices
5 specified and their equivalents.
What I claim in the nail rolling machine as new, and desire to secure by Letters
Patent is,―
1. The mode of rolling nails, and especially blanks of horse shoe nails, with heads
and shanks tapering on all four sides, or on less sides, from red hot iron bars, and
without waste or interruption by means of two pairs of rolls which have cylindrical
working surfaces, and are placed at right angles so as to come in contact with each
other along the sides of conical surfaces, said rolls being revolved in the same
direction and with the same circumferential speed, substantially as described.
2. The automatic and continuous feed of iron bars by the direct action of all the
four rolls, in combination with the conical die-ring and set-screws (claim 9), and
the four guard plates (claim 8), without which latter the iron would spread out,
substantially as described.
3. The manner of forming and the application of rotating dies or forms in
uniformly corresponding series, secured and composed or formed by means of a
conical steel die ring put on the circumference of each of the four rolls for forming
the tapering heads and shanks of the nails on several or on all sides at the same
time, substantially as described.
4. The mode of rolling nails having variously shaped heads and shanks of tapering
section on several or on all four sides by working simultaneously and immediately
on all the four sides of an iron rod, substantially as described.
5. The application of adjustable and exchangeable knives for cutting off the nail
or blank from the bar in combination with the four rolls or with the four conical
die rings, substantially as described.
6. The application of different exchangeable conical die rings in combination
with the four rolls and the knives in order to produce with one and the same
machine, and with the same set of rolls, nails of various lengths, and having heads
of various shapes, and shanks of various thickness and breadth, substantially as
described.
7. The arrangement and combination of nail dies or forms and knives with all
the four die rings, in immediate succession for the purpose of working iron rods
into nails tapering at head and shank on several or on all four sides without waste
of material, substantially as described.
8. The application and arrangement of the four guard plates for preventing the
escape of iron into the spaces left between and before the rolls, and for guiding the
iron between the rolls, in combination with the four rolls or with the four conical
die rings, substantially as described.
9. The application and combination with the four rolls, or with the die rings, of
the ring 21 with the set screws 22 for pressing the guard-plates 20 against the rolls,
substantially as described.
10. The combination of four rolls, arranged and operating substantially as
described, with a device or devices for regulating and adjusting the four rolls and
the four conical die rings in such a manner that their position can be altered in
order to secure the required contact between the circumferences of the same.
In witness whereof, I, the said Gerard Wenzeslaus von Nawrocki, have
hereunto set my hand and seal, this Fifth day of September, A.D. 1880.
BCT AITC״גחמות ADAD