IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM BOILERS
Year: 1853

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Isaiah Kendrick, Foreman to Messrs.
Horton and Sou, of Southwark, in the County of Surrey, for the
Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM BOILERS."
Sealed the 5th August 1853, and dated the 3rd June 1853.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Isaiah Kendrick
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 3rd June 1853.
I, ISAIAH KENDRICK, Foreman to Messieurs Horton and Son, of
Southwark, in the County of Surrey, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM BOILERS " to be as
follows:-
My Invention consists in the construction of serpentine flues so
formed as to be placed inside the cylindrical or barrel part of any steam
boiler. I place inside the said serpentine flues vertical, diagonal,
horizontal, or radiating water spaces with flanges at their ends, or
water tubes with or without flanges. I place soot or cleaning doors
connecting the bottom of serpentine flues with the bottom of the
boiler; the doors may be screwed in or connected with flanges, or fixed

page_text: in any other manner; the said doors form stays for the flues.
Soot or
cleaning spaces may also be constructed at the bottom of water spaces,
so that the flues may be cleaned from front or back end of boiler.
My Invention also consists in the employment of a chamber con-
taining vertical, horizontal, diagonal, or radiating water spaces, with
flanges at their ends, or water tubes with or without flanges, or water
bridges secured into top and bottom tube plates so constructed that
they can be easily cleaned either in the fire or water spaces, and so that
defective tubes can be readily replaced without making alteration in the
construction of boiler. Horizontal fire tubes may also be placed
between the bottom of cylinder and said radiating water tubes, if
required. I stay the tops of fire boxes or flues with vertical, horizontal,
or diagonal water tubes or water stays, with or without flanges at their
ends; the water tubes or stays may be rivetted or otherwise fixed to
the tops of fire boxes and to the tops of water divisions or bridges, or
to the sides of the fire box, or any other suitable part. The said tubes
or stays are so constructed that they can be readily cleaned or renewed.
I place a chamber containing any kind of water space or water tubes,
as before named, above the fire in the fire box, and so constructed that
the products of combustion are caused to pass through the chamber
and among the water spaces or tubes before entering the horizontal
fire tubes or passing through the barrel part of boilers. In some cases
I place a horizontal water space between the fire and top of fire box, so
constructed that the top of water space forms a lower tube plate, and
the top of fire box forms the upper tube plate, into which vertical or
other water tubes are inserted, the said tubes forming stays for top of
fire box and for top of said water space, through which a rapid circula-
tion of water and steam will be caused. To the tops and sides of
locomotive or other boiler fire boxes I fix sundry peculiar shaped water
spaces or steam generators, so constructed with flanges round their
edges that they may be placed from back to front inside at top of fire
box, and from top to bottom, or any other distance, at the sides of fire
box. The said steam generators may be made either parallel or taper,
or of any other convenient form adapted to the fire box, and can be
stayed in the usual unmanner; these peculiarly shaped water spaces form

page_text: stays for top and sides of fire box. In some cases I construct my
furnace or fire box in the form of a half circle or half moon, with a
corrugated or sheet water space top. The furnace may be constructed
in form varying from one fourth to three fourths of a circle, so long as
the bottom be circular. The said top can have the corrugations placed
from end to end or from side to side of fire box, and may be stayed in
the usual mode, if required. The sides of the fire boxes may also be
made corrugated.
I also construct steam boilers with chambers or flues containing
sundry peculiarly shaped water spaces, with or without flanges all round
their edges, these water spaces being so formed and placed inside the
chambers or flues that they form a passage by which the products of
combustion are caused to travel several times from side to side or up
and down, or in any other manner, in their course from the furnaces to
the funnel. The said fluc spaces and water spaces may be gradually
diminished in size as they approach the chimney of boiler. They may
be constructed of various shapes and forms, either parallel or taper, and
may be made to suit any description of form of chamber or flue in any
description of high or low pressure boiler, and they can be so con-
structed that when placed inside the aforesaid chamber they will present
a clear space, or cleaning hole of an elliptic or other convenient shape,
at the bottom of the chamber from the back smoke box to front of
boiler, or from end to end of boiler, or in any other manner; and the
said cleaning hole or space can be made to any shape or size so long as
it will admit of repairs or thorough cleaning, either from the front or
back ends of boiler, by passing the usual fire rake from back to front,
without the necessity of any person going inside the flues. The ser-
pentine flues or chambers containing the said peculiarly shaped water
spaces can be arranged in tiers or returns, and can be placed vertically,
horizontally, or diagonally, either at the backs or at the sides or on the
tops of the furnaces, or at the side or the top of each other, or in any
other position, whether there be a cleaning hole or space left or not.
In the back fire or smoke boxes I place sundry peculiarly shaped
ertical water spaces with flanges round their edges. Also water tubes
n smoke boxes, with or without flanges, fixed vertically or diagonally, as

page_text: well as vertical or diagonal water tubes inside the said chambers or
flues at the smoke box end, and also between the said peculiarly shaped
water spaces. I place chambers on the tops of the furnaces, and to the
bottoms of the said serpentine flues, made with doors or slides, so
constructed that they can be opened or shut by rods or levers, with
handles fixed on front of boilers for the purpose of allowing any dust
or ashes to fall through upon the fire, and also for the purpose of
burning the smoke at any required point; they may also be cleaned
from front of boiler through cleaning spaces constructed in water
spaces for that purpose, if required. The said chambers may be made
in any shape to suit tops of furnaces, provided they have doors or flues
as described.
I.
My Invention further consists in the construction of water bridges
with flanges at the upper and lower ends so that they can be rivetted
or bolted on to the top and bottom of furnace, or may be secured to the
sides of the furnace in any manner so long as the water is made to
circulate through them; the said water bridge may be made any shape
to suit the furnace in which it is placed. I make use of a single or
double perforated brick bridge, built in any shape to suit the fur-
nace. I admit atmospheric air in any manner into any part of the
said serpentine flues, or at the back or in between the perforated
bridges, for the purpose of effecting combustion of the smoke.
in some cases, employ return chambers, and place them side by side,
or one above the other, through which the products of combustion are
caused to return twice or oftener in passing from furnace to funnel.
I form vertical water spaces, with flanges on their upper and lower
edges rivetted on to top and bottom of said chambers; the said
water spaces can be placed at any suitable distance from each other, so
as to form a flue between each space through which the flame and
heated gases, &c. will pass; these water spaces may be made parallel
or taper from front to back, and also from top to bottom, and are made
with round ends without any rivets in the fire, and may be stayed with
screwed stays, or in any other suitable manner.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Isaiah Kendrick in the Great Seal Patent Office,
on the 3rd December 1853.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I,
ISAIAH KENDRICK, Foreman to Mess Horton and Son, of Southwark,
in the County of Surrey, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Third day of June, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-three, in the six-
teenth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said Isaiah Kendrick, Her special
licence that I, the said Isaiah Kendrick, my executors, adminis-
trators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Isaiah Kendrick,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, should. at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make,
use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an
Invention for IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM BOILERS," upon the condition
(amongst others) that I, the said Isaiah Kendrick, by an instrument
in writing under my hand and scal, should particularly describe and
ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the
same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great
Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately
after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Isaiah Kendrick, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement thereof, reference being had to the
Drawings hereunto annexed, that is to say:
My Invention consists, first, in constructing water spaces and flues
for marine, locomotive, and stationary boilers, of a flat-sided, angular,
or taper form.
Second, in certain new arrangements of the water spaces or flues and

page_text: tubes in steam boilers whereby increased heating surface is obtained,
and ready means are afforded for cleansing and repairing such flues
and tubes, as well as the water tubes and water spaces.
Third, in an improved construction of fire box for locomotive boilers;
and,
Fourth, in an improved construction of fire bridge in the furnaces
of steam boilers, together with certain arrangements for or means of
consuming smoke.
The Drawings hereunto annexed represent the manner in which I
carry these different heads of my Invention into effect, similar letters
referring to similar parts in each of the Figures.
With respect to the first head of my Invention, I construct my
water spaces of an angular or taper form, and flat-sided. Figures 1,
2, 3, 4, and 5, represent some of the shapes into which I cut boiler
plates for forming the angular or flat-sided taper water spaces, which
are afterwards bent down the centre in the direction of the dotted lines,
until the two sides are parallel, or nearly so, with each other, as indicated
in Figure 6. Figure 6, shews the form into which a plate of the
shape represented in Figure 1, is fashioned. In such cases, where the
size of the required water space is too large, or where other circum-
stances will render it more advantageous, I form then out of two,
three, or more plates rivetted or welded together, and bent or other-
wise shaped into the angular form. In these water spaces, after having
been thus formed, the edges are bent or turned over so as to form a
flange in the usual manner, and as well understood. The flanges are
then pierced with holes, as shewn in Figure 7, for rivetting or otherwise
connecting the water spaces to the top and sides of the fire box. or
such other part of the boiler in which it may be found desirable to
place them.
Figure 8, represents a longitudinal section of a locomo-
tive steam boiler. Figure 9, a plan on the line of the top of the fire
box. Figure 10, is a cross section of the fire box; and Figure 11, is a
plan of the fire box from the under side. These several Figures repre-
sent the manner in which these new forms of water spaces may be
applied to the sides and top of the fire box. A, A, is the cylindrical
or barrel portion of the boiler which may be filled with longitudinal
fire tubes in the usual manner. B, is the smoke box, and C, the fire

page_text: box. D, D, are the taper water spaces, which are here made of the
triangular shape shewn. These water spaces are connected together
by means of belts or bands a, a, of boiler plate or bar iron of the
requisite width, and rivetted to the flanges of the water spaces. E, E,
are the fire bars. These water spaces are also connected together by
stays b, b, in the usual manner, and by placing the water spaces with
their smaller or tapered ends in the direction of the fire bars, as repre-
sented, the area of the grate is not diminished, and at the same time
a large amount of heating surface is exposed to the action of the fire.
The fire box is also rendered much stronger and capable of resisting
a far greater amount of pressure than the ordinary fire box, and at
the same time the necessity for staying the top of the box by the
usual mode of bridges and tie bolts is avoided. To adapt these
new forms of water spaces to the present fire boxes of locomo-
tive boilers it will be necessary to cut out of a portion of the top
and sides narrow strips or spaces, and secure the water spaces therein
by rivetting, or otherwise fastening them through their flanges to the
plates of the fire box. Figures 12, 13, 14, and 15, are respectively
similar views of a modification of a locomotive steam boiler. In this
fire box the water spaces are also made of the triangular or taper shape,
but are arranged in front and back of the fire box, those in the front being
placed from the top of the fire box to the line of the fire bars, while
those in the back are carried up from the fire bars to the under side of the
horizontal water space F, the top part of these triangular or taper water
spaces forming stays to the water space F. The space between the
upper plate of the water space F, and the top of the fire box may be
filled with either vertical tubes or water spaces, or it may be filled with
horizontal fire tubes, bolted or rivetted, or otherwise fixed to the plates.
as represented in the plan in Figure 13. Figure 16, is a longitudinal
section of a cylindrical or Cornish boiler; Figure 17, a plan in section:
Figure 18, a cross section through the back end of the furnace; and
Figure 19, a similar section taken through the body of the boiler. In
this construction of boiler the water spaces D, are arranged parallel with
each other, but along the top of the furnace, and with their larger ends
at the back, although I do not confine myself to this a

page_text: the water spaces may be reversed, that is, with their smaller ends at the
back, and the larger ends in front, or they may be placed alternately
with their larger and smaller ends at the back and front, should it be
found desirable. It will be found more advantageous in boilers of this
description to form the furnace and flues of the D shape represented
in Figures 18, and 19, as this form admits of a larger number of my
improved taper water spaces being fitted thereto, and also affords greater
facility for rivetting and repairing any of the plates that may become
defective. Figures 20, and 21, are respectively vertical section and plan
on the line,, of a vertical portable boiler, in which the water spaces
are arranged perpendicularly above the fire bars, and also converging
towards the centre of the furnace. In this arrangement I have shewn
the water spaces made of a shape similar to that shown in Figure 4,
and before referred to, but they may be of the triangular shape indicated
by the dotted lines, Figure 20, or of any other analogous form, care
being taken that the smaller ends be placed in the direction of the fire
bars so as not to diminish the surface of the grate. G. is a fire lump
hung in the centre of the water spaces in order to prevent the flame
from passing direct to the chimney IT, and thereby cause it to be deflected
and to circulate between the water spaces. I, is the fire door. Figures
22, and 23, are similar sections of a modification of the previous arrange-
ment, in which the fire lump is dispensed with, and the water spaces
brought more to the centre of the boiler; the water spaces are of the
shape shewn in Figure 3. to admit of their being connected to the
chimney. Although I have herein-before described and represented
in the Drawings these new forms of water spaces as applied to locomotive
and stationary boilers, yet I wish it to be clearly understood that these
and similar water spaces may be applied with equal advantage to the
furnaces of marine boilers, and also to boilers of all descriptions. I do
not confine myself to placing these water spaces in the furnaces, only as
they may be fitted in any position and part of a boiler along which the
flame and products of combustion have to traverse in their passage from
the furnaces to the chimney. The peculiar advantages derivable from
these taper water spaces are, that they are applicable to any portion of
the boiler where it is found desirable to place them, that they present a

page_text: large amount of heating surface without diminishing the area of the
fire grate, and from their taper shape great facilities are afforded for the
ascent of the steam as it is formed; they are also capable of being
readily cleaned, both in the fire and water way, and are easy of access
both for repairing and renewing when any of them become defective.
With respect to the second head of my Invention, for certain new
arrangements of the water spaces or flues and tubes in steam boilers,
whereby increased heating surface is obtained, and ready means are
afforded for cleaning and repairing such water spaces or flues and
tubes, Figures 16, 17, and 19, are respectively longitudinal section,
plan, and cross section of a stationary boiler (herein-before referred to),
in which the cylindrical portion of the boiler is formed with flat water
spaces L, of the shape represented in the cross section in Figure 19.
These water spaces are arranged and rivetted alternately to the sides of
the flue, and at a sufficient distance apart to allow of easy access
between each pair for purposes of repair and cleaning. By the
arrangement represented the flame and products of combustion in
their passage from the furnace to the chimney have to traverse in a
serpentine direction, whereby a large amount of surface is exposed to
the heat. From the shape of these water spaces and their arrange-
ment an opening M, is left at the bottom of the flue for the purpose
of allowing a workman to get in between the water spaces for repairing
or cleaning the plates. Or a cleaning brush or tool may be introduced
through such aperture. In Figure 13, I have shewn a similar arrange-
ment of serpentine water spaces applied to a locomotive steam boiler;
Figures 13, and 13b, being sections through the cylindrical portion of
the boiler. Figure 24, represents a longitudinal section of a marine
boiler; and Figure 25, a front elevation shewing one half the boiler in
section; that of the furnace (1.) being on the line a, b, of Fig. 24,
the furnace (2) on the line c, d, and the furnace (3,) on the line c, f,
with the fire bars removed. In this boiler the water spaces in the flue
above the furnaces are made and arranged so as to cause the flame and
products of combustion in their passage to the chimney to pass in the
serpentine manner before referred to, excepting that the water spaces
are rivetted to the top and bottom plates 0, 0, of the flue, whereby the

page_text: flame passes up and down instead of from side to side. P, is a water
bridge at the back of the furnaces, and Q, a second bridge composed of
perforated fire brick, and placed in each furnace and at the back of the
water bridges for the purpose herein-after described under the fourth
head of this Specification. R, R, R, are soot and smoke doors or
valves having rods and handles R', connected to each of them for the
purpose of opening or closing them when desired to cleanse out the
flue, or to admit flame from the furnace through either or all of them
to facilitate the combustion of the smoke and gases in their passage to
the chimney. Figures 26, and 27, are similar views of a modification
of the previous description of marine boiler, in which I insert both in
the smoke box and in the space between each pair of water spaces
either horizontal or vertical water tubes S, S, whereby a greater
amount of heating surface is exposed to the action of the flame in its
serpentine passage to the chimney. Figure 28, is a vertical cross
section of a marine boiler; Figure 29, a plan in section; and Figure 30,
a longitudinal section of the same, in which the water spaces are
arranged in a serpentine manner horizontally and above the furnaces.
These water spaces are constructed of the shape separately represented
on an enlarged scale in Figure 31, a side view, and Figure 32, a plan,
and are rivetted to the top sides and bottom plates of the flue. At the
back of the furnace and opening into the tier of serpentine flues I
arrange a series of taper water spaces D, D, if desirable, and also place
along the roof and sides of the furnace similar taper water spaces, as
represented in Figures 28, and 30. Figures 33, and 34, represent
detached views in side view and plan of one of the back taper water
spaces. T, T, are a series of water spaces arranged between the serpen-
tine water spaces, and are of the shape represented in section in
Figure 35, and plan in Figure 36, or they may be made taper, as
indicated in Figures 37, and 38. These water spaces have flanges
formed upon their top and bottom ends so as to rivet them to the
plates of the flues, spaces being cut in such plates to admit of their
being so fixed. In some cases, however, I form these water spaces as
represented in Figures 39, and 40, which are respectively longitudinal.
and cross sections of one of them detached, and fix them in their re-

page_text: quired positions by forming flanges on the top and bottom plates of the
fluc, as indicated at A, in Fig. 41, (a section of a portion of these
plates with three of these water spaces in the position which they would
occupy in the flue,) or by pieces of angle iron, as represented at B.
Figure 42, represents a plan of the upper plate, and Figure 43, a plan
of the lower one. The flanges or pieces of angle iron are slightly
coned, the water spaces being held in their position by rivets or bolts,
and the space between the flange and water space filled with suitable
cement in order to prevent leakage or the escape of steam. This
arrangement affords great facility for withdrawing a defective water
space and placing in a fresh one, and also for cleaning. Or, instead of
these flat water spaces, water tubes may be inserted into the top
and bottom plates of the fluc, and in the interval between the serpen-
tine water spaces, as represented at U, U, in Fig. 29. Figure 44,
represents a vertical cross section; Figure 45, a plan in section; and
Figure 46, a longitudinal section of a modification of the above
arrangement, in which the serpentine flues are dispensed with, but the
flame and products of combustion are caused to return down a central
flue V, in their passage to the chimney. The flat water spaces in the
central and side flues are also made longer and slightly taper, as repre-
sented in Figure 47, a longitudinal section. Figure 48, a plan of the
top, and Figure 49, a plan of the bottom, of one of them shewn detached.
I also place in the back of the furnace, if desirable, vertical or inclined
water tubes W, W, though taper water spaces may be applied if
preferred. Figure 50, represents a cross section of a further modifi-
cation of this head of my Invention applied to a marine boiler, in which
I arrange a series of tubes so as to form three flues immediately over
the furnace, the two side flues being in connection with the furnace, and
the central flue opening into the chimney, so that the flame and the
products of combustion traverse the two side flues, and then return down
the central flue to the chimney. Figure 51, is a plan of the upper part
of the flues, and Figure 52, a plan of the lower tube plate, shewing the
manner in which I arrange the tubes so as to leave a central passage
between each series of tubes for the purpose of affording facility for
cleaning, the tubes being placed in an inclined position as shewn in
Figure 50. The lower portion of the tubes are ranged in parallel lines

page_text: or rows, while the upper portions of the tubes are arranged so as to
intersect one another, and thereby intercept the passage of the flame, and
cause it to traverse round each tube, instead of passing direct to the
chimney as in the ordinary method of arranging them in vertical
parallel lines. The divisions X, X, between the flues are formed out
of flat water spaces. Fig. 53, is a longitudinal section, Figure 54, a
cross section, and Figures 55, and 56, plans of the top and bottom plates
of one of the flues. In this arrangement the flat water spaces are
placed in the serpentine manner herein-before described, and I also place
the taper water spaces D, at the back of the furnace and opening into
the flues to facilitate the generation of steam. Figure 57, is a longitu-
dinal section, Figure 58, a cross section, and Figures 59, and 60, plans in
section of a further modification of my Invention applied to a marine
boiler, in which the return flues are arranged one above the other, with
horizontal water spaces between them, and either water tubes or flat
water spaces in the front smoke box, and the taper water spaces
arranged in the roof and at the back of the furnaces. Figure 61,
represents a longitudinal section of a vertical cylindrical boiler for
marine or stationary purposes, and Figure 62, a section of the same,
one half being taken on the line a, b, of Fig. 61, and the other
half on the line c, d. This boiler is constructed with two, three, or
more return chambers or flues, with horizontal water spaces between
them, and also without any exterior water space round the tube cham-
bers. Between the top plate of one return and the bottom plates of
those above I place a series of water tubes or water spaces arranged in
perpendicular lines above one another, and also make them of a
gradually decreasing diameter so that the upper tubes shall be of a
larger diameter than the lower tubes to admit of the lower passing
through the upper tubes in case of repair being required. This
arrangement also affords great facilities for cleaning the tubes from the
top of the boiler, and also for the rapid ascent of steam. Y, Y, are
bands or strips of boiler plate to which the horizontal water spaces are
rivetted. These bands are connected by vertical strips of plate to which
the smoke or cleaning doors are hung, which are arranged round the
boiler in any convenient or necessary number, and are placed opposite
one another, so that a cleaning tool may be passed with great facility

page_text: between the tubes, which are placed in the manner represented in the
half plan in Figure 62, to allow of such cleansing, and also to expose a
large amount of their surfaces to the action of the heat. Although I
have shewn and described the water tubes as being placed perpendi-
cularly above one another, yet I do not confine myself to that precise
arrangement, as the tubes may be placed in an inclined position, but in
the same line above one another, and of different diameters, to admit of
the lower being passed through the upper tubes for purposes of repair
&c. D, D, are the taper water spaces at the back of the furnace; %, is
the uptake to the chimney, which may, however, be placed inside the
boiler, if desirable. Figure 63, is a section of a vertical portable boiler,
also constructed without an exterior water space round the water
tubes. Figure 64, is a section on the line of the bottom tube plate, and
Figure 65, a similar section on the line of the fire bars. In this boiler
the water tubes are arranged vertically, and the flame, &c. is prevented
from passing direct to the chimney by means of a small water case Z,
which may, if desirable, be filled with fire tubes. Figure 66, is a modi-
fication of the previous arrangement, in which the water case is
dispensed with, and the water tubes are placed in the inclined position
shewn so as to expose a large portion of their surface to the action of
the fire. In this arrangement the products of combustion are also
caused to traverse round the steam chamber in their passage to the
chimney. Figures 67, 68, and 69, represent cross sections of cylin-
drical or Cornish boilers, in which the flues are filled with tubes
arranged in the manner shewn, those in Figure 67, being similar to the
arrangement represented in Figure 50, and before described, while the
tubes in Figures 68, and 69, are placed in a position converging towards
a centre.
With respect to the third head of my Invention, for an improved
construction of fire box for locomotive boilers, I form the fire box with
taper water spaces fitted to the sides and top, or back and front, in the
manner represented in Figures 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, and 15, and
herein-before described.
And with respect to the fourth head of my Invention, for an im-
proved construction of fire bridge in furnaces of steam boilers, together
with certain arrangements for or means of consuming smoke. Figure 70,

page_text: represents a longitudinal section of a "Cornish" boiler; Figure 71, a
cross section on the line a, b, of Figure 70; Figures 72, and 73,
similar sections on the lines c, d, and e, f. A, A, is the outer shell of
the boiler, and B, the fluc. C, C, are the fire bars, and D, the fire
bridge. This bridge is composed of fire brick, and I also line this
portion of the flue with an arch of fire brick E. F, is a box or chamber
of wrought or cast iron placed at the back of the brick fire bridge D.
This chamber F, is perforated at the back, and is fitted with one or
more perforated tubes F, at the top, and communicating with the
interior of the chamber. These tubes are protected in front from the
direct action of the fire by means of fire brick piers carried up to the
height of the tubes, and brought forward more or less to the front of
the fire bridge, sufficient space being left for the passage of the flame
and products of combustion. G, is a deflecting plate placed inside
the chamber F, which is provided with a sliding door g, which is
capable of being moved backwards and forwards by means of the rod
and handle H, to open or close the opening into the chamber. I. I,
are water spaces, and K, K, supplementary brick bridges, which may
be made of perforated or solid fire bricks as represented. The action
of this smoke consuming apparatus is as follows:-The smoke and
gases pass from the furnace over the fire bridge D, where they are
divided by the tubes F, and are subjected to a number of fine streams
of heated air, which pass from the chamber F, through the perforations
in the tube, the air being heated in its passage beneath the fire bars.
The gases and products of combustion thereby become ignited, and
are further acted upon by other streams of atmospheric air issuing
through the perforations in the back of the chamber. The bridges
K, K, are also heated by the flame from the furnace passing over and
through them, whereby the gases and smoke are exposed to a large
amount of heated surface, and become further divided and acted upon
by the perforation in the brick bridge K, and are thereby consumed to
a greater extent in their passage to the chimney. Although I have
explained and represented this smoke consuming apparatus as applied
to the furnaces of Cornish boilers, I do not confine myself to the fur-
naces of that class of boilers, as this arrangement may be applied with
equal facility and effect to furnaces of all descriptions.

page_text: And having now described the nature of my said Invention, and in
what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that I claim,-
First, the constructing of water spaces, flues, or chambers in steam
boilers, of flat-sided, angular, or taper form, as represented in Figures
6, 7, 13, 13, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, and 40, of the
Drawings hereunto annexed, or of any analogous flat-sided, angular,
or taper shape, for the purposes herein-before described.
Second, I claim the several arrangements of the water spaces or
flues and tubes in steam boilers in the manner and for the purposes
described under the second head of this Specification, and represented
in the Drawings hereunto annexed.
Third, I claim the placing of tubes or water spaces in the smoke
boxes of steam boilers, as represented in Figures 26, 30, 46, 53, 58,
and 61, and herein-before described.
Fowith, I claim the formation of a cleaning space or way M, in the
bottom of the water spaces and flues, as herein-before described, and
represented in the Drawings hereunto annexed.
Fifth, I claim the improved construction of fire box for locomotive
boilers, herein-before described and represented in Figures 8, 9, 10,
11, 12, 13, 14, and 15, of the Drawings hereunto annexed.
Sixth, I claim the constructing of steam boilers, together with the
arrangement of tubes therein, in the manner and for the purposes
herein-before described, and represented in Figures 61, and 62, of the
Drawings hereunto annexed.
And, seventh, I claim the consuming of smoke and products of com-
bustion in steam boiler furnaces in the manner and by the means de-
scribed under the fourth head of this Specification, and represented
in Figures 70, 71, 72. and 73, of the Drawings hereunto annexed.
In witness whereof, I, the said Isaiah Kendrick, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Third day of December, One
thousand eight hundred and fifty-three.
ISAIAH KENDRICK. (L.S.)