IMPROVEMENTS IN EVAPORATING APPARATUS, AND IN UTILIZING THE STEAM DERIVABLE FROM SUCH APPARATUS
Year: 1867

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Anderson, of Erith, in the County of Kent,
Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN EVAPORATING APPARATUS,
AND IN UTILIZING THE STEAM DERIVABLE FROM SUCH APPARATUS."
Sealed the 31st January 1868, and dated the 19th November 1867.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Anderson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
19th November 1867.
I, WILLIAM ANDERSON, of Erith, in the County of Kent, Engineer, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
EVAPORATING APPARATUS, AND IN UTILIZING THE STRAM DERIVABLE FROM SUCH
APPARATUS," to be as follows:--
This Invention relates to a novel arrangement of evaporating apparatus for
concentratingsolutions, whereby an economy both inrespectof fuel andduration
of the apparatus will be secured.
The Invention further relates to the utilization of the steam generated in
the evaporating apparatus, and the employment of the same as a motive
power.
A fire being
The liquor to be concentrated is admitted into a closed tank fitted with a
horizontal cylindrical furnace which extends through the tank.
lighted in this furnace the flame and heated gases pass out and
hearth and under a second closed tank set above this hearth.
play over a
The heated

page_text: gases then pass through a horizontal passage or heating chamber (leading to
the chimney) upon which is mounted a long closed evaporating tank; these
closed tanks or vessels all communicate by means of steam pipes with the steam
chest of a condensing engine, and by their means the steam as it is generated
isled off to be utilized and employed for driving any ordinary or approved con-
struction of low-pressure engine. Outside the cylindrical furnace of the first-
mentioned tank a scraping apparatus is fitted, and to it a slow rotary motion is
imparted to enable it to keep the heating surface clean, and thus to prevent the
rapid destruction of the cylinder. The second tank is provided with a stirrer
mounted on a vertical axle and operating over the whole surface of the bottom
of the tank. The liquor to be concentrated, say, for example, the black
alkaline liquor from straw pulp, is admitted to the first and third tanks and
as soon as concentrated to a given extent is discharged therefrom into the
tank with the stirrer where it is further concentrated. From this tank the
residuum is discharged on the hearth, and the liquid still remaining is driven
off by the passing flame and the dry resultant matter is ignited. When the
combustible portion is burnt a residuum consisting of carbonate of soda will
be obtained. This mode of applying heat, so far as exposure to the direct
action of the flame is concerned, is only applicable to substances not liable to
deterioration therefrom.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said William Anderson in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
19th May 1868.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
ANDERSON, of Erith, in the County of Kent, Engineer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Nineteenth day of November, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-seven, in the thirty-first year of
Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto
me, the said William Anderson, Her special licence that I, the said William
Anderson, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the
said William Anderson, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at
any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times
thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make,
use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Ireland, the Chaunel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVE

page_text: MENTS IN EVAPORATING APPARATUS, AND IN UTILIZING THE STRAM DERIVABLE FROM
SUCH APPARATUS," upon the condition (amongst others, that I, the said William
Anderson, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under
my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and
ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent
Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the
said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said William Anderson, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement, reference being had to the Drawing hereunto annexed,
and to the letters and figures marked thereon (that is to say):-
This Invention relates to a novel arrangement of evaporating apparatus for
concentrating solutions and recovering their chemical ingredients, whereby
an economy both in respect of fuel and duration of the apparatus will be
secured.
The Invention further relates to the utilization of the steam generated in
the evaporating apparatus, and the employment of the same as a motive
power.
The liquor to be concentrated is admitted into a closed tank or boiler set
above a furnace, the flue from which conducts the flame and heated gases
over an incinerating hearth, and under a second closed tank or boiler set
above this hearth. The heated gases then pass through a horizontal passage
or heating chamber (leading to the chimney), upon which is mounted a third
boiler. These boilers all communicate by means of steam pipes with a steam
chest, say, of a condensing engine, into which the steam as it is generated is
led off to be utilized. The boilers are fitted with scraping apparatus which
keeps them clean and thus prevents their rapid destruction. The liquor to be
concentrated, Bay, for example, the black alkaline liquor from straw pulp is
admitted to the closed tanks or boilers which are in communication with each
other by end openings in both the liquor and steam spaces. As this liquor
is heated steam is generated and led off to be utilized, and so soon as the
liquor is sufficiently concentrated it is discharged on to the hearth below the
second tank or boiler and the fluid particles reniaining are quickly vaporized
and driven off by the passing flame. The dry resultant matter then ignites,
and when the combustible portion is burnt a residuum consisting chiefly of
salts of soda will be obtained. This mode of applying heat so far as exposure
to the direct action of the flame is concerned it will be understood is only

page_text: applicable to substances not liable to deterioration from contact with the flame
and
gases of combustion.
In the accompanying Drawing I have shewn the above described apparatus
in several views.
Fig. 1 is a longitudinal central section of the apparatus; Fig. 2 is a trans-
verse section taken in the line 1, 2, of Fig. 1; Fig. 3 is a similar section
taken in the line 3, 4; and Fig. 4 is a section taken in line 5, 6.
A, A¹, and A2, are boilers formed of boiler plates and set on brickwork.
The boiler A is provided with a fire-grate, furnace door, gauge glasses, safety
valves, and all the ordinary appliances of a steam boiler; into these boilers
the liquor to be evaporated (say, for example, the spent liquor resulting from
the boiling of fibres for the conversion of the same into paper pulp) is run,
and there subjected to heat with the view of utilizing the steam as it is
generated and recovering the chemical matters contained in the liquor;
B, B, B, are vertical scrapers made of flat iron and formed so as to fit closely
the arched or other shaped bottoms of the boilers; these scrapers are made
fast to a horizontal connecting rod C which traverses the entire length of the
apparatus and passes through stuffing boxes in the outer ends of the boilers A
and A³. The sets of scrapers are attached to the rod C by means of braced
frames, and the rod receives a reciprocating motion from the gearing D or
other convenient mechanical contrivance suitable for giving a very slow stroke
of about three to four feet to the scrapers, which traversing over and in con-
tact with the bottoms of the boilers will prevent the incrustation of the same
with the chemical ingredients of the liquor under treatment and thus prevent
the rapid destruction of the boilers by the furnace heat. The arrangement
shewn in the Drawing for giving the traverse motion to the scrapers, and
which is preferred for its simplicity, consists of that known as the straight
line motion from the result which is obtained from the revolution of a pinion
gearing into an annular wheel of twice its diameter. E is the hearth of the
incinerating furnace, the crown of which is formed by the boiler A¹; on to
this hearth the dense liquor from the boilers A, A1, A2, is let down from time
to time through discharge pipes a, a, and it is then first dried by the action of
the passing flames from the furnace of the boiler A and afterwards incinerated
by continued exposure thereto.
When the spent liquor of the paper manufacture is under treatment the
result obtained is soda ash which is drawn off from time to time by the
doors F, F. The unspent heat from the furnace of the boiler A, and the flames
resulting from incineration, are conducted under the long evaporator or
boiler A³, which absorbs the remaining heat, the bottom of that as well as of

page_text: the other boilers being kept clean by the constant action of the scrapers B,
which are moved slowly backwards and forwards by the gearing D. The
steam generated in the boilers is conducted by means of steam pipes G to a
steam chest in connection with a motive-power engine or apparatus required
to be heated. The steam may be of any tension suited to the duty to which
it is to be applied, but I should by preference, use it at less than one
atmosphere above the pressure of the air. In some cases I may find it
necessary to increase the temperature of the hearth E to ensure the proper
incineration of the material under treatment. Under such circumstances I
do away with the middle boiler A¹,and arch over the hearth E with fire-brick
carrying the rod C over the arch. Stuffing boxes will then be required at
both ends of the boilers for the scraper rod C to slide in. The liquor is
pumped or run from a suitable elevation into the evaporating boilers and
should be maintained at a constant level as in steam boilers.
Having now set forth the nature of the Invention of "Improvements in
Evaporating Apparatus, and in Utilizing the Steam derivable from such
Apparatus," I wish it to be understood that under the above in part recited
Letters Patent I claim,-
First. The arrangement of apparatus above described for concentrating
solutions or spent liquors,and incinerating (when desirable) the solid products
derivable therefrom.
Secondly. The utilization of the steam obtained from the working of such
apparatus as above described.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Anderson, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, the Eighteenth day of May, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-eight.
W. ANDERSON. (..)