IMPROVEMENTS IN THE TREATMENT OF TITANI- FEROUS IRON ORES AND IN EXTRACTING IRON THEREFROM, ALSO FOR UTILISING THE SCORIA PRODUCED
Year: 1866

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to George Crawshay, of the Firm of Hawks, Crawshay,
and Sons, Iron Works, Gateshead-on-Tyne, in the County of Durham,
and John Thomas, of Newcastle-on-Tyne, in the County of Northumber-
land, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE TREATMENT OF TITANI-
FEROUS IRON ORES AND IN EXTRACTING IRON THEREFROM, ALSO FOR UTILISING
THE SCORIA PRODUCED."
Sealed the 7th May 1867, and dated the 12th November 1866.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said George Crawshay and
John Thomas at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 12th November 1866.
We, GEORGE CRAWSHAY, of the Firm of Hawks, Crawshay, and Sons, Iron
Works, Gateshead-on-Tyne, in the County of Durham, and JOHN THOMAS,
of Newcastle-on-Tyne, in the County of Northumberland, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE TREATMENT OF
TITANIFEROUS IRON ORES AND IN EXTRACTING IRON THEREFROM, ALSO FOR UTILISING
THE SCORIA PRODUCED," to be as follows:
This Invention relates to certain improvements in the treatment of
titaniferous iron ores and in extracting iron therefrom, and in utilizing the
slag or scoria from the smelting of such ores.
Firstly, in treating titaniferous iron ores so as the better to obtain the iron
therefrom, we propose to calcine the ores, and we prefer that the ores while
hot shall be thrown into water so as to disintegrate the lumps, and at the same

page_text: time to convert a portion of the titanic acid into titanic oxide; after this the
ores should be properly dried, when they will be ready for the operation of
smelting; but before we subject the ores to the. operation of the blast we
propose that they should be analyzed,. and this may be done either before or
after the process of calcining, in order to guide us in the regulation of the
proportions of the different materials to be used with the charges in smelting.
The furnace may be of the ordinary construction, such as is used in the
smelting of iron ores, and when heated is to be charged with the ores and
following materials, viz., one ton of titanic iron ore; one ton of pig. or cast
iron; three hundredweight of clay, raw or burnt; four hundredweight of lime,
chalk, or limestone, and about fifteen hundredweight of coke, wood, or peat;
charcoal may be used with advantage, where it is obtainable, instead of coke.
The cast iron thus added to the charge becomes titanized uniformly with the
iron obtained from the ore.
We do not confine ourselves strictly to the above proportions, but claim to
alter them according to the analysis, inasmuch as titanic iron ores containing a
greater or less per-centage of titanic acid will require a greater or less per-
centage of pig or cast iron, and the other materials or fluxes will also require
to be varied according to their quality.
Secondly, in the utilization of slag or scoria from the smelting of such ores
we propose to use the slag or scoria for the purpose of improving other iron
that is not titanic; this may be done by using the slag as a flux in the puddling
furnace, or any smelting or melting furnace whereby the iron will become
titanized, and must be regulated in quantity according to the quality of the
iron operated on, and the purposes for which it is required..
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed.
by the said George Crawshay and John Thomas in the Great Seal. Patent.
Office on the 10th May 1867.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, GEORGE
• CRAWSHAY, of the Firm of Hawks, Crawshay, and Sons, Iron Works, 3
Gateshead-on-Tyne, in the County of Durham, and JOHN THOMAS, of Newcastle-
on-Tyne, in the County of Northumberland, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twelfth day of November, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-six, in the thirtieth year of Her reign, 8
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto us, the

page_text: said George Crawshay and John Thomas, Her special licence that we, the said
George Crawshay and John Thomas, our executors, administrators, and
assigns, or such others as we, the said George Crawshay and John Thomas,
our executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with,
and no others, from time to time, and at all times thereafter during the
term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE TREATMENT
OF TITANIFEROUS IRON ORES AND IN EXTRACTING IRON THEREFROM, ALSO FOR
UTILIZING THE SCORIA PRODUCED," upon the condition (amongst others) that we,
the said George Crawshay, our executors or administrators, by an instrument
in writing under our, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly
describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the
same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal
Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date
of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said George Crawshay and
do hereby
declare the nature of our said Invention, and in what manner the same.
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement :--
This Invention relates to certain improvements in the treatment of
titaniferous iron ores and in extracting iron therefrom, and in utilizing the slag
or scoria from the smelting of such ores.
Firstly, in treating titaniferous iron ores so as the better to obtain the iron..
therefrom we propose to calcine the ores, and we prefer that. the ores
while hot shall be thrown into water so as to disintegrate the lumps, and at
the same time to convert a portion of the titanic acid into titanic oxide; after
this the ores should be properly dried, when they will be ready for the
operation of smelting; but before we subject the ores to the operation of the
blast we propose that they should be analyzed, and this may be done either
before or after the process of calcining, in order to guide us in the regulation
of the proportions of the different materials to be used with the charges in
smelting.
The furnace may be of the ordinary construction, such as is used in the smelting
of iron ores, and when heated is to be charged with the ores and following
materials, namely, one ton of titanic iron ore; one ton of pig or cast iron;
three hundredweight of clay, raw or burnt; four hundredweight of lime,
chalk, or limestone; and about fifteen hundredweight of coke, wood or peat;
charcoal may be used with advantage, where it is obtainable, instead of coke.

page_text: The cast iron thus added to the charge becomes titanized uniformly, with the
iron obtained from the ore.
We do not confine ourselves strictly to the above proportions, but claim to
alter them according to the analysis, inasmuch as titanic iron ores containing
a greater or less-per-centage of titanic acid will require a greater or less per-
centage of pig or cast iron, and the other materials or fluxes will also require
to be varied according to their quality.
Secondly, in the utilization of slag or scoria from the smelting of such
ores we propose to use the slag or scoria for the purpose of improving other
iron that is not titanic; this may be done by using the slag as a flux in
the puddling-furnace, or any smelting or melting furnace, whereby the iron
will become titanized, and must be regulated in quantity according to the
quality of the iron operated on, and the purposes for which it is required.
Having now described the nature of our said Invention, and the manner in
which the same is to be performed, we claim,- .
First, the mixing of pig or cast iron with the titanic iron ore.
And, secondly, the use of slag or scoria produced from the smelting of
titaniferous iron ores, for the improvement of iron that is not titanic, substantially
as and for the purposes herein specified.
In witness whereof, I, the said George Crawshay, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Third day of May, in the year of our Lord, One
thousand eight hundred and sixty-seven.
Witness,
ALEX. C. M. PRINCE,
Office for Patents,
4, Trafalgar Square,
Charing Cross.
GEORGE CRAWSHAY. (L.S.)