IMPROVEMENTS IN KILNS OR OVENS, AND IN THE METHOD OF HEATING, SAME FOR BURNING BRICKS, AND OTHER LIKE SUBSTANCES
Year: 1875

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Thomas Corry Stone, of Liverpool, in the County.
155
+
**
of Lancaster, Civil Engineer and Architect, for the Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN KILNS OR OVENS, AND IN THE METHOD OF HEATING,
SAME FOR BURNING BRICKS, AND OTHER LIKE SUBSTANCES."
I
Sealed the 20th June 1876, and dated the 22nd December 1875.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Thomas Corry Stone*
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 22nd December 1875.
"
·
I, THOMAS CORRY STONE, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster,.
Civil Engineer and Architect, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN KILNS OR OVENS, AND IN THE METHOD OF
HEATING SAME FOR BURNING BRICKS, AND OTHER LIKE SUBSTANCES," to be as
follows:-
My Invention relates to arranging kilns or ovens for burning bricks,
and other like substances, so that such bricks, or other, like substances,
are burned in a novel manner by the admixture of air (heated or other-

page_text: wise) with gas (heated or otherwise) distilled from coal slack, peat, or
produced from hydrocarbon oils or other inflammable liquids, or from
any other suitable material.
Further my Invention relates to heating kilns by an admixture of
steam, or. hot air and hydrocarbon oils, or petroleum or other oils, or
grease or fatty matters.
In carrying out my Invention I build or erect a series of kilns or
ovens side by side of any suitable number, dimensions, and shape. The
ends of these kilns are provided with doors for packing or storing the
green bricks or other articles. Each kiln may be provided with a bridge
in the centre, and in the side walls I build or form flues, which may be
built in the brickwork, or consist of metal or other pipes. These flues
are built one over the other, and are arranged so that on one side the
top series may be air flues and the bottom series gas flues, and on the
other side the top series may be gas flues and the bottom series air
flues.
The main flues for the conveyance of gas and air and removal of
smoke and waste gases are built one over the other in the end walls of
the kilns, or pipes may be used; these flues or pipes run the entire
length of the kilns, and are fitted with valves or dampers as may be 1
required.
The gas and air flues in the side walls of each kiln are connected
together by outside pipes, and are fitted with suitable cocks, valves, or
dampers as may be required, which are arranged so that the gas and air
can be admitted at one end of the kiln and burn through the kiln, and
then be admitted at the other end of the kiln, and burn back. The
pipes and flues are also so arranged that a continuous burning may be
kept up by working the kilns alternately, namely, burning every other
kiln in the series, and emptying and refilling the "burnt "kilns. The kilns
are first heated with hot air, which dries the green bricks, and makes 3
them ready for burning by the combined application of the air
and gas.
I generate the gas in any suitable retort or gas producer, and I convey
it in pipes or flues to the kilns. The air is supplied to the kilns by
means of a suitable fan or blowing engine. A fan may also be used for 3
driving the gas if required. The draught may be obtained by means of
a chimney, or in any other suitable manner.

page_text: When hydrocarbon oil, petreoleum, or oleaginous matters are used
I apply the same by the driving force of the steam jet, or by an air jet,
giving an intense heat without destroying or discolouring the contents
of the kiln or kilns.
The kilns are fitted at or near their tops or roofs with a series of
openings fitted with regulating valves or dampers for the exit of steam.
given off from the bricks while drying.
In operation, combustion being created at one end of the kiln, the
heat is carried upwards through the bricks, and passing over the bridge
is drawn downwards through the other bricks, and after the reverse
action passes out through the flues in the end of the kiln to the next
alternate kiln or through flues to a chimney.
The advantages obtained by this process are simplicity in arrange-
ment, construction, and management of kiln, great economy in fuel,
complete control of the amount of heat required, which can be raised to
any intensity, clean burning of the materials, owing to non-contact with
fuel, and almost entire absence of smoke, rendering it peculiarly
applicable for tiles, pressed bricks, and other similar articles, continuity
of action and quickness of burning, owing to the bricks being dried in
the kilns before burning, and absence of fire-places, rendering the colour
of the materials much evener, owing to the non-admission of cold air
after burning.
This my Invention is applicable to the burning of tiles, pipes, bricks,
25 SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Thomas Corry Stone in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 21st June 1876.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, THOMAS
CORRY STONE, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, Civil Engineer
30 and Architect, send greeting.

page_text: year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-five; in the
thirty-ninth year of Her reign; did, for Herself; Her heirs and suc-
cessors; give and grant unto me, the said Thomas Corry Stone,
Her special licence that I, the said Thomas Corry Stone, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said
Thomas Corry Stone, my executors, administrators, and assigns,
should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and
at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should
and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United
Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland; the Channel Islands; and
Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN KILNS OR OVENS, AND IN
THE METHOD OF HEATING SAME FOR BURNING BRICKS, AND OTHER LIKE SUB-
STANCES," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Thomas
Corry Stone, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in
writing under my; or their, or one of their hands and seals, should
particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention,
and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause
the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said
Letters Patent:
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Thomas Corry Stone, do
hereby declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascer-
tained in and by the following statement:-
My Invention relates to arranging kilns or ovens for burning bricks,
and other like substances, so that such bricks, or other like substances,
are burned in a novel manner by the admixture of air (heated or other-
wise) with gas (heated or otherwise distilled from coal, slack, peat, or
produced from hydrocarbon oils or other inflammable liquids, or from
any other suitable material.
Further, my Invention relates to heating kilns by an admixture of
steam, or hot air and hydrocarbon oils, or petroleum or other oils, or
_grease or fatty matters.
In carrying out my Invention I build or erect a series of kilns or
ovens side by side of any suitable number, dimensions, and shape. The
ends of these kilns are provided with doors for packing or storing the
green bricks, or other articles. Each kiln may be provided with a bridge

page_text: in the centre, and in the side walls I build or form flues, which may be
built in the brickwork, or consist of metal or other pipes. These flues
are built one over the other, and are arranged so that on one side the
top series may be air flues and the bottom series gäs flues, and on the
other side the top series may be gas flues and the bottom series air
flues.
The main flues for the conveyance of gas and air and removal of
smoke and waste gases are built one over the other in the end walls of
the kilns, or pipes may be used; these flues or pipes run the entire
length of the kilns, and are fitted with valves or dampers as may be
required.
The gas and air flues in the side walls of each kiln are connected
together by outside pipes, and are fitted with suitable cocks, valves, or
dampers as may be required, which are arranged so that the gas and air
can be admitted at one end of the kiln and burn through the kiln, and
then be admitted at the other end of the kiln, and burn back. The
pipes and flues are also so arranged that a continuous burning may be
kept up by working the kilns alternately, namely, burning every other
kiln in the series, and refilling the burnt kilns. The kilns are first
heated with hot air, which dries the green bricks, and makes them ready
for burning by the combined application of the air and gas.
I generate the gas in any suitable retort or gas producer, and I convey
it in pipes or flues to the kilns. The air is supplied to the kilns by
means of a suitable fan or blowing engine. A fan may also be used for
driving the gas if required. The draught may be obtained by means of
a chimney, or in any other suitable manner.
When hydrocarbon oil, petroleum, or oleaginous matters are used I
apply the same by the driving force of a steam jet, or by an air jet,
giving an intense heat without destroying or discolouring the contents
of the kiln or kilns.
The kilns are fitted at or near their tops or roofs with a series of
openings fitted with regulating valves or dampers for the exit of steam
given off from the bricks while drying.
The before-going being the nature, object, and purposes of this my
Invention, I will now proceed to describe more in detail how the same may
be carried out into practical effect, and for that purpose I have hereunto

page_text: attached a Sheet of Drawings marked with letters and figures of reference-
corresponding with those in the following explanation :—
Like letters and figures marked on the Drawings denote similar parts.
throughout the various views.
Figure 1 is a side sectional elevation of a series of kilns or ovens con-
structed and fitted according to my Invention; Figure 2 is a plan; and
Figure 3, an end section through A, B, Figure 1.
Upon reference to the Drawings it will be seen that the kiln con-
structed according to my Invention consists of a series of ovens A
placed side by side. The ends of these ovens at B are provided with
doors for packing or stowing the articles to be treated. Each oven is
provided with a ridge C, and in the side walls D there are formed flues,.
which may be built in the brickwork, or consist of metal or other pipes..
The flues are built one over the other, and are arranged so that on one
side the top series E may be air flues and the bottom series F gas flues,
and on the other side the top series may be gas flues, and the bottom
series air flues. H is the main flue for the conveyance of air, and K.
the main flue for the conveyance of gas. These flues are also used for the
removal of smoke and waste gas, and are built one over the other in the
end walls B of the kiln. The flues H and K run the entire length of
the kiln, and are fitted with valves and dampers L, and nozzles or
jets P.
The flues E and F of each kiln are connected together by outside
pipes R, S, which are fitted with suitable cocks, valves, or dampers as
may be required. These pipes lead respectively to a gas retort or
generator and blowing apparatus. The end of the kiln is provided with
a chimney, into which lead the flues H, K. The ovens are fitted at or
near their roofs with a series of openings V. fitted with valves for the
exit of steam given off from the bricks while drying.
When hydrocarbon oil, petroleum, or oleaginous matters are used I
apply the same by means of a steam or air jet through the end walls of
the kiln.
In operation, combustion being created at one end of the kiln in oven
Number One, the heat is carried upwards, and passing over the bridge is
drawn downwards through the bricks on the other side of the bridge, a
and after the reverse action passes out through the flues H, K, in the

page_text: end of the oven to the next alternate kiln, and so on.
'
In the mean-
time the intermediate ovens in the kilns are being emptied or
refilled.
The advantages obtained by this process are simplicity in arrange-
ment, construction, and management of kiln, great economy in fuel,
complete control of the amount of heat required, which can be raised to
any intensity, clean burning of the materials, owing to non-contact with
fuel, and almost entire absence of smoke, rendering it peculiarly
applicable for tiles, pressed bricks, and other similar articles, continuity
of action and quickness of burning, owing to the bricks being dried in
the kilns before burning, and absence of fire-places, rendering the colour
of the materials much evener, owing to the non-admission of cold air
after burning.
This my Invention is applicable to the burning of tiles, pipes, bricks,
cement, or any other materials which are burnt in kilns.
Having now described and ascertained the nature, object, and purposes
of my Invention, and shown how the same may be put into practical
operation, I would have it understood that I do not confine myself to
the precise details, arrangement, or dimensions of oven or kiln, as shown
in the Drawings, as the same may be considerably varied without
departing from my Invention, for instance, the ovens may be made
rectangular, as shown, or circular, or they may be made to radiate from
a centre or in other manner, as will be understood; but what I claim
as my Invention and secured to me by Letters Patent as aforesaid
is,―
2
Firstly. Arranging kilns or ovens for burning bricks and other like
substances so that such bricks or other like substances are burned by
the admixture of air with gas, substantially in the manner as set forth
and described in the before-going Specification.
Secondly. The method of heating kilns by an admixture of steam
or hot air, or hydrocarbon oils or petroleum, or other oils or grease, or
fatty matters, substantially in the manner as set forth in the before-going
Specification.
Thirdly. In a kiln or oven for burning bricks, or other articles, the
arrangement and construction of gas and air flues, such as E and F, in
combination with gas and air flues, such as H, K, the whole arranged

page_text: and working in relation to cach other in the manner as shown, and for
the purposes set forth.
In witness whereof, I, the said Thomas Corry Stone, have here-
unto set my hand and seal, this Twentieth day of June, in
the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-
six.