IMPROVEMENTS IN WEAVING
Year: 1860

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Joseph Grimond, of Dundee, in the County of
Forfar, North Britain, Manufacturer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS
IN WEAVING."
Sealed the 23rd October 1860, and dated the 5th May 1860.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Joseph Grimond at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 5th
May 1860.
I, JOSEPH GRIMOND, of Dundee, in the County of Forfar, North Britain,
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention of "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN WEAVING," to be as follows, that is to say :-
This Invention has for object the weaving of carpets and other fabrics, so
as to obtain patterns of a peculiar class in a simple and inexpensive manner.
In the class of patterns referred to, the design is composed of rectangular
spaces having some longitudinal lines and some transverse lines. According.
to one modification of the Invention, involving two colours for example, these
lines are formed by arranging the warp with the threads alternately of each
colour, and, in weaving, a weft shot of each colour is thrown in in regular
alternation.
Four or more heddle leaves are used, the warps being drawn through them,
according to the pattern, and the treadles are also actuated to correspond.
The weaving operation differs from ordinary plain weaving only in the
tramping of the treadles, and in the change of shuttle at cach shot. The

page_text: effect produced is also the same as that of plain weaving, except that two
threads are passed over by the weft or warp at the end of every longitudinal
or transverse line of the pattern. The arrangements may be modified to take
in more than two colours, and two or more threads passing through the same
shed may be treated as one.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent
filed by the said Joseph Grimond in the Great Scal Patent Office on the
3rd November 1860.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOSEPH
GRIMOND, of Dundee, in the County of Forfar, North Britain, Manufac-
turer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Fifth day of May, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and sixty, in the twenty-third year of Her reign,
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said
Joseph Grimond, Her special licence that I, the said Joseph Grimond, my execu-
tors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Joseph Grimond,
my exccutors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with,
and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during
the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, usc, exercise,
and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
WEAVING," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Joseph
Grimond, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under
my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and
ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was
to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office
within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said
Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Joseph Grimond, do hereby declare the
nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement in writing, that is to say :-
My said Invention has for object the weaving of carpets and other fabrics,
so as to obtain patterns of a peculiar class in a simple and inexpensive
In the class of patterns to which my said Invention refers, the
manner.

page_text: design is in each case composed of rectangular spaces having some longitu-
dinal and some transverse lines produced by the combining together in the
weaving action of differently colored threads.
And in order that my said Invention may be properly understood, and
carried into effect, I will particularly describe the manner of producing by it
a simple pattern or design involving two colors only, from which the practical
weaver will bo enabled to easily extend the system to the production of
numerous varieties of the same class of pattern. In the example to be
described the warp is arranged with the threads alternately of each color
(green and black, for example) and there are two wefts one of each color,
which are thrown in, a shot of each alternately. In drawing the warps
through the heddle leaves, they are considered as divided into equal or unequal
sets of eight or other number (four, for example, of each color) the entire
distance across the piece, and there being (in this instance) four heddle leaves,
which I will distinguish respectively by the letters A, B, C, D, there are
drawn into leaf A, the (four) green threads of the first set (of eight threads),
the black of the third, green of fifth, green of seventh, black of ninth, &c.
Into leaf B, there are drawn the remaining black threads of the first set, green
of third, black of fifth, black of seventh, green of ninth, &c. Into leaf C, are
drawn the green threads of the second sot, the black of fourth, green of sixth,
black of eighth, &c. and into leaf D, the black of second, green of fourth,
black of sixth, green of eighth, &c. The treadles are arranged to work the
beddle leaves as required for the pattern, but to simplify the description I
will refer directly to the leaves in stating the order of working them.
For
six (or other convenient number of) shots the leaves A, C, are actuated against
the leaves B, D; for the second six shots, it is B, C against A, D; for the
third, B, D, against A, C; fourth, A, D, against B, C,; fifth, same as first;
sixth, same as second; seventh same as third; eighth same as second; ninth,
same as first; tenth, same as fourth; eleventh, same as third; and twelfth
same as second, which completes a "repeat" of the pattern. It follows from
the warps being drawn through the heddles in the manner described, that the
weft threads will cross or pass over two warp threads at intervals across the
piece, whilst at every sixth shot, when the heddlo action is changed, the warp
threads will similarly cross or pass over two weft threads, these results com-
bining to present the pattern or design with the peculiarities indicated. In
every other respect the operations as well as the effect produced are the same
as in plain weaving.
The arrangements may be modified in various ways so as to obtain patterns
of two or more colors, and in some cases two or more threads of the same or

page_text: of different colors may be passed through the same shed of the warps and
treated as one. The Invention may be put into practice in both hand and
power looms; in the latter case pattern mechanism such as is in use for pro-
ducing a varied heddle action is introduced to effect the heddle movements
in the order required for the pattern.
Having thus particularly described my said Invention, and the manner in
which the same is or may be used or carried into effect, I have to state that I
do not restrict myself to the precise details herein-before described, but that what
I consider to be novel and original, and claim as the Invention secured to mo
by the herein-before in part recited Letters Patent is, the weaving with warps
and wefts of two or more colors combined with the arranging and working of
the heddles, substantially as herein-before described, that is to say, so as to
produce in the woven fabric rectangular spaces presenting longitudinal and
transverse lines, the pattern or design being due to the arrangement or combi-
nation of such spaces.
In witness whereof, I, the said Joseph Grimond, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Second day of November, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty.
JOS. GRIMOND.
(L.S.)