CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR FORGING AND STAMPING METALS, APPLICABLE ALSO TO OTHER USEFUL PURPOSES
Year: 1845

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, ALFRED
VINCENT NEWTON, of the Office for Patents; 66, Chancery Lane, in the
County of Middlesex, Mechanical Draftsman, send greeting.
"WHEREAS Her present most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Royal Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date
"at Westminster, the Seventh day of April, in the eighth year of. Her reign,
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said
Alfred Vincent Newton, Her especial license, full power, sole privilege and
authority, that I, the said Alfred Vincent Newton, my executors, adminis-
trators, and assigns, and such others as I, the said Alfred Vincent Newton,
my executors, adiñiors, or assigns, should at any time agree with, and -no
others, from time to time and at all times during the term of years therein
mentioned, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within
England, Wales, and the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, and in all Her
Majesty's Colonies and Plantations abroad, and in the Islands of Jersey,
Guernsey, Alderney, Sark, and Man, an Invention of "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS
IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR FORGING AND STAMPING METALS, APPLICABLE
ALSO TO OTHER USEFUL PURPOSES," being a communication from a Foreigner
residing abroad; in which said Letters Patent is contained a proviso obliging
mc, the said Alfred Vincent Newton, by an instrument in writing under my
hand and seal, particularly to describe and ascertain the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, and to cause
the same to be enrolled in Her Majesty's High Court of Chancery within
six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said in part

page_text: recited Letters Patent, as in and by the same, reference being thereunto had,
will more fully and at large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said Alfred
Vincent Newton, do hereby declare that the nature of the said Invention,
and the manner in which the same is to be performed, is particularly described
and ascertained in and by the following description thereof; reference being
had to the Drawings hereunto annexed, and to the letters and figures marked
thereon (that is to say):-
:-
These Improvements in Machinery for Forging and Stamping consist in a
peculiar method of raising a vertical hammer and letting it descend upon the
substance placed beneath it. By this machinery I am enabled to forge and
hammer substances which require the exertion of great force, and, by sub-
stituting a cutting or chipping tool in place of the hammer, I am enabled to
employ the apparatus with great effect in dressing and chipping stones and
in other works of the like nature.
In the accompanying Drawing Fig. 1 is a side view, and Fig. 2 a plan or
top view of the improved apparatus. A, A, is the frame, the beams A', A',
of which may extend into the side walls of the building, or be otherwise
supported. From these beams descend two vertical timbers A", A", which
are shewn as sustained by the braces A, A; the vertical timbers A", A", serve
as checks to receive the guides of the hammer B, which rises and falls vertically
between them. A part of the timber work constituting the frame is omitted
or supposed to be removed for the purpose of shewing parts of the machinery
which would otherwise be. hidden. C, C, is the iron stock which serves as a
socket to receive the hammer B, and is furnished with grooves a, a, to receive
the guide tongues which are attached to the inner side of the vertical timbers.
Upon the upper end of this stock C is attached the lifting rod D, D, which is
represented as a square bar of iron. The mode of attaching this rod to the
head of the hammer stock is, by passing it into a cavity in the upper end
thereof, and surrounding it by a strong spiral or other spring b, b, which
serves to prevent a sudden jerk in the first impulse of raising the hammer:
a spring may be also inserted to relieve the lifting rod in its descent and
prevent its upsetting. The lifting rod D, D, extends upwards, and is received
between two friction drums E, E', which embrace it firmly when the hammer
is to be lifted. These friction drums are mounted on their respective shafts
F, F, which run in plummer blocks in the usual way. Upon the same
shafts are the toothed wheels G, G', which gearing together cause the friction
drums to revolve simultaneously in opposite directions. H is a driving pulley.
to which notion is to be communicated by a band from any first mover in

page_text: order to actuate the machine; I is a pinion on the shaft of the said pulley
gearing into the toothed wheel J on the shaft of the friction drum E. The
friction drum E' has its shaft F on a sliding frame K, K, which is allowed to
traverse backwards and forwards a short distance so as to cause the lifting
rod D, D, to be embraced between the friction drums or leave it free, as may
be required. L, L, is a toggle-joint by which the motion of the sliding frame
is governed in a manner to be now described. Upon the shaft F¹ there are
fixed two or more cam wheels M, M, M", which determine the number of
strokes that the hammer shall make in one revolution of the friction drums.
When the hammer is to make one stroke only, a portion of the periphery
of the cam wheel that regulates it is cut away in one place only; where two
strokes are to be made the periphery of the cam is to be cut away in two
places, as seen at c, c, on the wheel M, Fig. 1; each of the cam wheels has
assigned to it an apparatus which is under the control of the forgeman, allow-
ing him to bring one or the other of them into action at pleasure. As this
apparatus is similar in each, a description of that which governs the wheel M
will serve for the whole. N is a rocking shaft which crosses the machine, and
has its end bearings in the timbers or beams A¹. O, O, is a lever which has
its fulcrum on the shaft N, on which it turns freely. d is a catch working
on a fulcrum pin which projects from the lever O, and is intended to take
into a notch on the shaft N or on a collet e made fast thereto. On the inner
end of the lever O there is a friction roller that bears against the periphery
of the cam wheel M. 9 and h are cords attached to and operating upon. the
lever O near its opposite ends; when the cord g is drawn down it forces the
friction roller f against the periphery of the cam wheel, and when the cord h
is drawn down it performs the double action of relieving the catch d from the
notch in the collet e, and drawing the roller f from its contact with the cam
wheel: this is effected by attaching the end of the cord h to the outer end of
the catch d, and passing it over a pulley i on the upper side of the lever O.
This catch d is forced against the collet e by a spring j, which causes it to
catch in the notch, when the catch is brought into the proper position by the
action of the line g. P, P¹, is a lever keyed to the rocking shaft N, its inner
end extends nearly into contact with the lifting rod D for a purpose to be
presently explained. Its outer end P' is connected with the arm Q, by which
the toggle joint L is raised or lowered; the connecting rod R is furnished with
nuts by which the play of the toggle joint may be adjusted. S is a spring
intended to assist the action of the toggle joint and the parts connected
therewith. T, T, are adjusting screws by which the toggle joint may be set
so as to regulate the action of the sliding frame K over the metal bed at the

page_text: top of the horizontal beams A¹. A strong spring k, k, receives the immediate
action of the toggle joint L, and bears against the outer end of the sliding:
frame K. This spring serves to compensate for any want of truth in the.
friction drums or in the lifting rod D, causing the former to bear equally on.
the latter. U, Fig. 2, is a clutch operated upon by the rod V, Fig. 1, which
clutch serves for throwing the machine into and out of gear. When the
machine is in action the friction drums E, E', revolve in the direction of the.
arrows, and by drawing down the cord g the notch on the collet e will be.
moved round so as to receive the catch d, which will cause the lever O to be
temporarily attached to the rocking shaft N, and the revolving of this shaft
will force the toggle joint up by the action of the lever P affixed to the said
shaft, and the friction roller f on the lever O will also be borne up against the
periphery of the cam wheel M, the friction drum E¹ will then be forced into
contact with the lifting rod D, and the hammer will be raised.. When the
roller farrives at one of the recesses c in the cam wheel, the outer end of the.
lever O will be depressed and with it the toggle joint.. The hammer rod D
being by this motion relieved from the pressure of the drum G', it will descend
by its own weight, and being guided in its descent by the V guides on the
framing, as before mentioned, will fall directly upon any substance placed
beneath it to receive the blow. It will now be seen that any number of strokes
may be given by the hammer during the revolution of the cam wheel, this
being dependant upon the number of recesses made in its periphery. A most
decided advantage resulting from this arrangement is, that a blow of equal
force may be given to the article which is being forged, whatever may be its
thickness, so long as the same cam wheel is kept in action, as the height to
which the hammer is lifted will always be the same, measuring from the point
at which it is arrested. With the common trip hammer the larger the size.
of the iron to be forged the shorter is the stroke of the hammer, when it
should, in fact, be the greatest. In blooming iron this improved hammer
will be found exceedingly advantageous, for should the forgeman wish to
change the force of the blow this can be done instantaneously without stopping
the machine; all that is necessary being to pull the cord h, which will relieve
the catch d and remove the lever O from its cam wheel, and, by drawing at.
the same time upon another cord attached like g to the lever of another cam
wheel, such wheel will be set into action. Should the forgeman desire to vary
the force of the blows in such a manner as to strike irregularly on any piece,
this may be done by the aid of the lever P, to the longer end of which a
chain W is attached for that purpose: the other levers being thrown out of.
action, the forgeman may take hold of the ring on the end of the chain, and,

page_text: by alternately drawing the lever P down and suffering it to rise, he may keep
the cam wheels in contact with the lifting bar for such length of time or as
frequently as he may desire; as each time he draws upon the chain the friction
drums will grip the bar, and on ceasing to draw on the chain the hammer
will fall. The lever P, as before remarked, is made to extend nearly to the
lifting rod, and this is necessary to the security of the apparatus; as, without
this device, should the forgeman neglect to relax his draught upon the chain
the hammer stock would be brought into contact with the friction drums and
destroy the machine, but under the arrangement above described the head of
the stock will be brought up against the end of the lever P.and cause the
hammer to fall. Another precaution is necessary to prevent injury from throw-
ing more than one of the levers O into gear at the same time; namely, that the
cam wheels should be so placed upon the shaft E¹ as that one of the recesses
on the periphery of each of them shall be in the same horizontal line: this
precaution will secure the falling of the hammer in one revolution of these
wheels whatever may be the number of them in action. I have shewn a
spiral spring S as used to insure the prompt descent of the toggle joint by
attaching one end of such spring to the outer end of the lever P. It may be
found advantageous also to attach spiral or other springs to the sliding frame
K, to aid in drawing it back when the friction rollers f enter the recesses on
the cam wheels.
Having thus fully described the manner of constructing this vertical forge
hammer apparatus, I wish it to be understood that I do not intend to limit
myself to the precise form and disposition of the respective parts of the said
machine, but to vary these as may be thought desirable so long as the same
end is attained by equivalent means. But that which I claim under the
herein-before in part recited Letters Patent is,-
First, the manner of operating upon the lifting rod by means of the friction
drums, one of which is made to advance to and to recede from the lifting rod
by being placed on a sliding frame which is operated upon by a toggle joint
or other analogous mechanical arrangement of parts; and,
Secondly, I claim the manner of arranging the respective levers 0 and
P, the catch d, the cam wheels M, and their appendages, so as to be operated
upon by the cords and chain attached to the said levers, as herein set forth
and described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Alfred Vincent Newton, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Fourth day of October, One thousand eight
hundred and forty-five.
ALFD V. (L.S.) NEWTON.

page_text: AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the same Fourth day of October,
in the year above mentioned, the aforesaid Alfred Vincent Newton came
before our Lady the Queen in Her Chancery, and acknowledged the Specifi-
cation aforesaid, and all and every thing therein contained, in form above
written. And also the Specification aforesaid was stamped according to the
tenor of the Statute in that case made and provided.
.
Inrolled the Seventh day of October, in the year above written.