Improvements in or applicable to Mechanism or Apparatus for Dyeing, Bleaching, and otherwise Treating Cotton and other Fibrous Materials in the Raw or Manufactured or Partly Manufactured State.
Year: 1892

page_text: Date of Application, 9th May, 1892
Complete Specification Left, 8th Mar., 1893-Accepted, 9th June, 1893
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in or applicable to Mechanism or Apparatus for
Dyeing, Bleaching, and otherwise Treating Cotton and other
Fibrous Materials in the Raw or Manufactured or Partly
Manufactured State.
We, GEORGE YOUNG, of 189 Worsley Road, Winton, near Manchester, in the
County of Lancaster, Mill Manager, and WILLIAM CRIPPIN, of Egerton Mills,
Patricroft, Manchester aforesaid, Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of
the said invention, to be as follows:-
Our invention relates to improvements which are or may be used or combined
with mechanism or apparatus for dyeing or bleaching and otherwise treating
fibrous materials described in the Complete Specification of a Patent granted to
us and Frank Pearn No. 1157 of 1890, and to improvements therein described in
the Complete Specification filed by us, upon an application for a Patent No. 4928
of 1891.
Our present invention has for its object means or arrangements by which the
liquids and fluids employed, may not only be drawn through the fibrous materials
being treated in one direction, only, but in the reverse direction, so that in case of
operating upon yarn in cops, the liquids or fluids may be drawn not only through
the cops from the outside to the inside, but from the inside to the outside.
According to one mode of carrying our invention into effect, we make the table
used in the said apparatus (say for cops) to form one end of a cylinder passing
round the table, and when the cops are placed in position on the table, a holding
plate is placed in the cylinder to come over the points of the skewers which carry
the cops. This holding plate is or may be faced with india rubber or other suitable
elastic material, which elastic material will come against the tips of the skewers
to hold the buttons of each skewer firmly against the table plate in which the
skewers are inserted.
The said holding plate is secured to the sides of the said cylinder or to a stand
from the table plate or is secured in any other convenient manner, so as to hold the
cop skewers in their places in the table plate.
A flange on the upper edge of the cylinder is prepared same as the underside of
the table plate to form a junction with the elastic ring at the bottom part of the
treating chamber.
The cops may be held in their positions on the table plate by a plate having a
hole in it to allow the button on the lower end of each cop skewer to pass through
so that when this plate is slightly rotated, it will come over and above each skewer
button.
This buttoning plate may also be secured by screws on the underside of the
table plate if desired, or may be secured in any other convenient manner.
The skewers having the cops upon them are inserted in the holes in the table
plate, and when secured by the holding plate on the tips of the skewers or by the
buttoning plate as above explained the combined table and cylinder is placed in
the treating chamber, table plate downwards.
Then the valves of the machine are operated to cause liquids and fluids to be
drawn from the outside to the inside of the cops.
The combined table and cylinder is then reversed in the treating chamber, the
tips of the skewers being then downwards, and the valves are again operated when
the liquids or fluids will enter the hollows of the skewers and pass from the inside
to the outside of the cops.
The arrangement may be modified by forming a cylinder with one end wholly or

page_text: partly closed and with its open end arranged to form a fluid tight joint with the
ordinary table plate.
Another mode of carrying out our invention consists in using the ordinary table
plate with arrangements for keeping the skewers having the cops upon them in
position, then in modifying the passages of the apparatus, so that liquids from the
vat may pass to a passage in the treating chamber and out of the treating chamber
from under the table plate in the ordinary manner, and then-in the reverse direction,
and the same in respect of air, steam or other fluids, slide or other valves being
arranged, communicating with these said passages, which when in one position, will
leave one passage shut and the other open, and will allow the liquids to pass one
way, and when in the other position, will allow them to pass the reverse way, and
the same also for fluids such as steam or air.
With this latter arrangement the holding down plate is or may be connected
with the inside of the lid of the treating chamber by a diaphragm, so that when a
partial vacuum is formed therein, the external atmosphere will pass to the exterior
of the diaphragm and press the holding plate upon the tips of the skewers.
According to another modification of our invention, the machine is arranged as
above described, except as follows.
The machine is arranged so that the liquid can be drawn from the vat into the
treating chamber through the cops or materials being treated into the large
receiver in the usual manner, from which the liquid is prevented from escaping
directly to the vat (except when required to do so) and the valves are arranged
so that when reversed, the pressure of steam or air or gas from any pump,
injector or propeller or compressor or other source, is admitted into the large
receiver which drives the liquid therein in the direction in which it came from the
vat, through the cops or material, and treating chamber, back again to the vat, and
then if desired, the steam, air or gas, or steam mixed with air is or may be passed
into and from the large receiver in the same direction through the cops or
materials being treated, the valves and pipes or passages for liquids and fluids
being arranged and modified to carry out these operations which may be repeated
as often as required.
Another modification of our invention, consists in having two large receivers or
one large receiver, divided into two separate compartments, one of which is
connected by a pipe or passage with the treating chamber above the table plate,
and the other by a similar pipe or passage with the cavity under the table plate in
the treating chamber.
The cavity under the table plate in the treating chamber communicates by a
pipe or passage with the liquid in the vat, the inlet to this pipe being opened and
closed by a suitable valve which is or may be operated by connection with the
ordinary handle for operating the machine or otherwise.
There is also a valve or valves in one or both passages, between the treating
chamber and large receiver which will allow the liquids or fluids to pass in one
direction, but will close against its return in the opposite direction.
In connection with the double large receiver there is a small receiver which is
connected with the ejector or exhauster and into this small receiver is discharged
any liquid there may be, that is drawn through the passages and from which it is
discharged, when the small receiver ceases to be exhausted and air is admitted
therein, into the vat or a separate receptacle. The ports and passages connected
with the slide valve in this modification of our invention, which controls the
exhaust passing to the ejector, are arranged so that when the slide valve is in one
position, the first compartment of the large double receiver will be exhausted and
the second compartment will have air admitted to it, and vice versa, when the slide
valve is in the reverse position.
When the slide valve is in one position, the first compartment of the double
receiver is being exhausted, the valve to the pipe or passage from the vat is open,
and liquid will pass from the vat to the cavity under the table in the treating
chamber to the interior of the cops and from their interiors to their exteriors into

page_text: the treating chamber and from it to the first compartment of the double large
receiver.
When this operation is finished, the valves are reversed, the inlet valve from the
vat is then closed, and the second compartment of the double large receiver is
exhausted, while air is admitted at such time to the first compartment, and this
causes the liquid drawn into the first compartment to pass back from it in the
reverse direction to the treating chamber then from the outside to the inside of the
cops, and then into the second compartment of the large receiver, and when all
liquid has passed from the first compartment of the large receiver, air or air mixed
with steam or other gas may be allowed to follow, which is or may be admitted
through suitable cocks or valves. The operations described are or may be repeated
as often as required, the liquid drawn into the second compartment of the receiver,
being discharged into the vat, through an outlet valve (as in the ordinary arrange-
ment of our machine) which opens when liquid is to be discharged and air is admitted
as is the case when drawing liquid into the first compartment. By suitable valves
and passages, air, gas or steam or a mixture of two or more of them may be drawn,
through the cops or materials being treated directly into the small receiver if
desired.
"
Another part of our invention consists in an improved combination forming a
multiplex machine, in which several treating chambers according to our invention
are connected with one large receiver and one or more vats; the treating chambers
being placed round the large receiver or according to any other desired arrange-
ment. The small receiver is or may be placed in the large receiver and connected
by suitable pipes or passages with the ejector or other exhauster or propeller of
fluids, suitable valves being provided accordingly for causing the liquids or fluids
to pass in either direction by exhaustion or pressure acting upon the large receiver
as desired.
Another improvement relates to the slide valve for controlling the passage of
liquids or fluids through the large and small receivers, and consists in making a
small hole through the slide valve and its facing, or otherwise arranging a valve
that will allow air to enter the passage leading to the small receiver when the slide
valve is in its middle position and also in inserting when required a back pressure-
valve in the pipe taking air and steam from the ejector, to prevent its return when
the ejector ceases to work.
For indigo and other dyes which require to be oxidized we prefer in some cases
to pass the dye through the materials by one machine, and to use another for
oxidising by drawing hot air or air and steam or gas, through the materials, the
table carrying the cops or materials being carried from one machine to the other
as often as required.
Dated this Seventh day of May 1892.
PETER J. LIVSEY,
Agent.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in or applicable to Mechanism or Apparatus for
Dyeing, Bleaching, and otherwise Treating Cotton and other
Fibrous Materials in the Raw or Manufactured or Partly
Manufactured State.
We, GEORGE YOUNG, of 189 Worsley Road, Winton, near Manchester, in the
County of Lancaster, Mill Manager, and WILLIAM CRIPPIN, of Egerton Mills,
Patricroft, Manchester, aforesaid Manufacturer do hereby declare the nature of
this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
The invention relates to improvements which are or may be used or combined
with mechanism or apparatus for dyeing or bleaching and otherwise treating fibrous

page_text: materials described in the Complete Specification of a British Patent granted to
George Young Frank Pearn and William Crippin No. 1157 of 1890, and to
improvements thereon described in the Complete Specification of a British Patent
granted to George Young and William Crippin, No. 4928 of 1891. The present
invention has for its object means or arrangements by which the liquids and fluids
employed, may not only be drawn through the fibrous materials being treated in
one direction only, but in the reverse direction so that in case of operation upon
yarn in cops or on spools or bobbins the liquids or fluids may be drawn not only
through the cops (which hereinafter is to be understood to include yarn or thread
on spools or bobbins) from the outside to the inside, but from the inside to the
outside.
According to one mode of carrying the invention into effect, the table used in
. the said apparatus (say for cops) is made to form one end of a cylinder passing
round the table, and when the cops are placed in position on the table, a holding
plate is placed in the cylinder to come over the points of the skewers which carry
the cops.
This holding plate is or may be faced with indiarubber or other suitable
elastic material, which elastic material will come against the tips of the skewers to
hold the buttons of each skewer firmly against the table plate in which the skewers
are inserted.
The said holding plate is secured to the sides of the said cylinder or to a stand
from the table plate or is secured in any other convenient manner, so as to hold the
cop skewers in their places in the table plate.
A flange on the upper edge of the cylinder is prepared same as the underside of
the table plate to form a junction with the elastic ring at the bottom part of the
treating chamber.
The skewers having the cops upon them are inserted in the holes in the table
plate, and when secured by the holding plate on the tips of the skewers, the
combined table and cylinder is placed in the treating chamber, table plate down-
wards. Then the valves of the machine are operated to cause liquids and fluids to
be drawn from the outside to the inside of the cops.
The combined table and cylinder is then reversed in the treating chamber, the
tips of the skewers being then downwards, and the valves are again operated when
the liquids or fluids will enter the hollows of the skewers and pass from the inside
to the outside of the cops.
The arrangement may be modified by forming a cylinder with one end wholly or
partly closed and with its open end arranged to form a fluid-tight joint with the
ordinary table plate.
Another mode of carrying out the invention consists in using the ordinary table
plate with arrangements for keeping the skewers, having the cops upon them, in
position then in modifying the passages of the apparatus so that liquids from the
vat may pass to a passage in the treating chamber and out of the treating chamber
from under the table plate in the ordinary manner, and then in the reverse direction,
and the same in respect of air, steam or other fluids, slide or other valves being
arranged, communicating with these said passages, which when in one position, will
leave one passage shut and the other open, and will allow the liquids to pass one
way, and when in the other position, will allow them to pass the reverse way, and
the same also for fluids such as steam or air.
With this latter arrangement the holding down plate is or may be connected
with the inside of the lid of the treating chamber by a diaphragm, so that when a
partial vacuum is formed therein, the external atmosphere will pass to the exterior
of the diaphragm and press the holding plate upon the tips of the skewers.
According to another modification of the invention, the machine is arranged as
above described, except as follows:-
The machine is arranged so that the liquid can be drawn from the vat into the
treating chamber through the cops or materials being treated into the large
.receiver in the usual manner, from which the liquid is prevented from escaping
directly to the vat (except when required to do so) and the valves are arranged so

page_text: that when reversed, the pressure of steam, or of air or gas from any pump, injector
or propeller or compressor or other source, is admitted into the large receiver
which drives the liquid therein in the direction in which it came from the vat,
through the cops or material, and treating chamber, back again to the vat, and
then if desired, the steam, air or gas, or steam mixed with air is or may be passed
into and from the large receiver in the same direction through the cops or materials
being treated, the valves and pipes or passages for liquids and fluids being arranged
and modified to carry out these operations which may be repeated as often as
required.
Another modification of the invention consists in having two large receivers, or
one large receiver, divided into two separate compartiments, one of which is con-
nected by a pipe or passage with the treating chamber above the table plate, and
the other by a similar pipe or passage with the cavity under the table plate in the
treating chamber.
The cavity under the table plate in the treating chamber communicates by a
pipe or passage with the liquid in the vat, the inlet to this pipe being opened and
closed by a suitable valve which is or may be operated by connection with the
ordinary handle for operating the machine or otherwise. There is also a valve or
valves in one or both passages, between the treating chamber and large receiver
which will allow the liquids or fluids to pass in one direction, but will close against
its return in the opposite direction.
In connection with the double large receiver there is a small receiver which is
connected with the ejector or exhauster and into this small receiver is discharged
any liquid there may be, that is drawn through the passages and from which it is
discharged, when the small receiver ceases to be exhausted and air is admitted
therein, into the vat or a separate receptacle. The ports and passages connected
with the slide valve in this modification of the invention, which controls the
exhaust passing to the ejector, are arranged so that when the slide valve is in one
position, the first compartment of the large double receiver will be exhausted and
the second compartment will have air admitted to it, and vice versa, when the
slide valve is in the reverse position.
When the slide valve is in one position, the first compartment of the double
receiver is being exhausted, the valve to the pipe or passage from the vat is open,
and liquid will pass from the vat to the cavity under the table in the treating
chamber to the interior of the cops, and from their interiors to their exteriors into
the treating chamber and from it to the first compartment of the double large
receiver.
When this operation is finished, the valves are reversed, the inlet valve from
the vat is then closed, and the second compartment of the double large receiver is
exhausted, while air is admitted at such time to the first compartment, and this
causes the liquid drawn into the first compartment to pass back from it in the
reverse direction to the treating chamber then from the outside to the inside of
the cops, and then into the second compartment of the large receiver, and when all
liquid has passed from the first compartment of the large receiver, air, or air
mixed with steam or other gas may be allowed to follow, which is or may be
admitted through suitable cocks or valves. The operations described are or may
be repeated as often as required, the liquid drawn into the second compartment of
the receiver, being discharged into the vat, through an outlet valve (as in the
ordinary arrangement of machine described in the aforesaid Specifications) which
opens when liquid is to be discharged and air is admitted as is the case when
drawing liquid into the first compartment.
By suitable valves and passages, air, gas or steam, or a mixture of two or more
of them may be drawn, through the cops or materials being treated directly into
the small receiver if desired.
Another part of the invention consists in an improved combination forming a
multiplex machine, in which several treating chambers according to the invention
described in the said Specifications are connected with one large receiver and one

page_text: or more vats; the treating chambers being placed round the large receiver or
according to any other desired arrangement. The small receiver (when used) is,
or may be placed in the large receiver and connected by suitable pipes or passages
with the ejector or other exhauster or propeller of fluids, suitable valves being
provided accordingly, for causing the liquids or fluids to pass in either direction
by exhaustion or pressure acting upon the large receiver as desired.
Another improvement relates to the slide valve for controlling the passage of
liquids or fluids through the large and small receivers, and consists in making a
small hole through the slide valve and its facing, or otherwise arranging a valve
that will allow air to enter the passage leading to the small receiver, when the
slide valve is in its middle position, and also in inserting when required a back
pressure valve in the pipe taking air and steam from the ejector, to prevent its
return when the ejector ceases to work.
For indigo and other dyes, which require to be oxidized, in some cases it is
preferred to pass the dye through the materials by one machine, and to use another
for oxidizing, by drawing hot air, or air and steam or gas through the materials,
the table carrying the cops or materials being carried from one machine to the
other as often as required.
Fig. 1, is a vertical section through the holding down and table plates and its
connected cylinder, and showing the cops on skewers and Fig. 2, is a top plan view
in which the top side of one half of the holding down plate and the top side of the
half of the table plate is shown, but with the cops and skewers omitted.
a is the table plate having holes in it into which the lower ends of the cop
skewers x, are inserted and made fluid tight, with the upper side of the plate a in
the ordinary manner, a' is a cylinder rising from the upper side near the edge of
the table plate a.
b, is the holding down plate which has a cylindrical flange at its outer edge and
fits within the cylinder a¹. Both the table and holding down plates have bosses in
their centres in which there is a hole for a tubular handle 61 to pass through.
There is a collar 62 on the upper end of the tubular handle which comes against
the upper side of the holding down plate b, when the lower part of the tubular
handle 6 is screwed into the screw tapped hole in the table plate a.
Thus arranged the underside of the holding down plate comes against the tips of
the cop skewers which are of uniform length, and presses the button upon each
against the face of the table plate a or the upward boss upon it for each cop
skewer, there being an indiarubber or other elastic packing washer between each
button and the table plate a.
The underside of the holding down plate is or may be faced with indiarubber or
other elastic material to come against the tips of the spindles. The holding down
plate bis perforated with holes 63 which come in the spaces between the cops
where the tips of the skewers will not come, to allow fluids to pass freely to and
from the cops. The two ends of the tubular handle 6' are closed, except there are
one or more small holes, so that when a vacuum is formed at the lower side air can
pass from the upper part of the treating chamber to the exhausting apparatus.
When using this apparatus, it is placed in the treating chamber of the machine
table plate a downwards, and the rim a² near the edge of the latter comes against
and makes a joint with the indiarubber or other elastic ring in the recess formed in
the lower part of the treating chamber described in the said Specifications. (See
also Figs. 29, 30 and 31 hereinafter described.)
There is also a similar rim a³ on the flange of the cylinder a¹ which will form a
joint in like manner when the apparatus is taken out of the treating chamber and
then inserted again in the reverse position table plate a upwards. There is space
left between the cylinder a¹ and the sides of the treating chamber for fluids to pass
freely to the top side of the apparatus when in the treating chamber.
This apparatus is used in those of the aforesaid patented machines in which the
fluids are only drawn one way, that is from the treating chamber downwards so
that when the table plate a end of the apparatus is downwards in the treating

page_text: chamber, the fluids from it will pass from the outside to the inside of the cops,
but when the apparatus is inserted into the treating chamber with the holding
down plate b downwards, the fluids will pass from inside to the outside of
the cops.
Fig. 3, is a sectional elevation of the apparatus, the section being taken through
the treating chamber the slide valve arrangements below it, the passages and back
pressure valve which lead from the lower side of the table plate, to one com-
partment of the large receiver and it also shows the large and small receivers in
section.
Fig. 4, is a sectional elevation looking from the treating chamber end of the
machine towards the small and large receivers, the section in this view cuts off the
treating chamber.
Fig. 5, is a top or plan view of the machine.
Fig. 6, is a sectional elevation looking from the small receiver towards the
treating chamber, the section being through the two back pressure valves and
the two passages or conduits leading one from the upper and the other from
the lower part of the treating chamber, into their respective compartments in the
large receiver.
Fig. 7, is a sectional elevation through the treating chamber, looking from the
small receiver and is a section through the slide valve controlling the passage or
passages for the liquid from the vat or vats to the treating chamber.
Fig. 8, is a sectional elevation of part of the treating chamber and the passages
between it on the upper side of the table plate and the large receiver, the back
pressure valve being shewn in such passage.
Fig. 9, is a vertical section through the steam supply slide valve, chest and
passages for steam to the ejector, and
Fig. 10, is a similar section through the slide valve for controlling the passage
of fluids between the treating chamber and large and small receivers.
e, is the treating chamber, arranged as to the lid e' and other parts in a manner
similar to that described in the Complete Specifications of the said Patents No. 1157
of 1890 and No. 4928 of 1891 except that the lid e' when closed is latched or held
down by a link e, jointed at e³ to the side of the treating chamber and when latched
holding upon a knob or projection e¹ from the lid. (See Figs. 29, 30 and 31
hereinafter described.)
Inside the lid e' there is a projection e' having an adjustable set screw and lock
nut, the head of which set screw when the lid is shut down, comes against the
upper end of a tubular part 1 (see Fig. 7), from a holding down plate b, which
tubular part 6 (which may have perforations in it), passes over the ordinary
handle of the table plate a, on which the cops are carried, the underside of which
holding down plate b comes upon the tips of the cop skewers when inserted in the
holes in the table plate a in the usual manner, which table plate rests in the treating
chamber e, upon an indiarubber ring as described in the aforesaid Specifications ;
the tubular handle a'having a small hole at its upper end also as described in the
said Specifications.
The set screw from the projection from the under side of the lid e', gives a
certain amount of pressure upon the holding down plate b, when the lid e¹ is shut
down and then the partial vacuum formed within the treating chamber e, causes
the atmosphere to press upon the exterior of the lid and to force it upon and
compress the elastic packing ring in the bottom of the groove, round the treating
chamber described in the aforesaid Specifications, and this gives additional
pressure upon the tips of the cop skewers to press their elastic faced buttons
against the annular surfaces or bosses of the table plate a, round the hole for each
cop skewer.
g
There is a cavity or passage f, under the table plate a, (see Figs. 3 and 7), which
cominunicates by the passage with one compartment 1. of the large receiver
and in this passage there is a back pressure valve 2, (see Figs. 3 and 6), of an
ordinary mushroom type, which can be inserted in the casting through a hole in it

page_text: closed by a lid, having a central downward projection to prevent the valve from
opening too much.
There is a passage f₁ from the treating chamber e at the upper side of the table
plate a which leads from it to the other compartment 2, of the receiving chamber g,
and in this passage f, there is a back pressure valve f, same as that f' for the
other passage, (see Figs. 6 and 8). These back pressure valves ƒ³ and ƒ³, are
for the purpose of preventing the return of liquid or fluid from the large receiver g
to the treating chamber e.
It may be here explained that though the one large receiver g is divided into
two compartments, 1 and 2, there may be two separate large receivers if desired.
Each compartment 1 and 2 of the large receiver g, has an outlet valve gl (not
shewn in Fig. 3), at its lower end through which the liquid may be discharged and
returned into the vat, same as described in the said Specifications, (see also valve g¹,
Fig. 16), but in this case the vat or vats is not immediately under the apparatus, so
that the said outlet valves from the two compartments 1 and 2, of the large
receiver 9, discharge into one closed chamber 92, common to both outlet valves
which chamber is connected by a pipe g* (see Figs. 3 and 4), with the vat or vats
(see Figs. 23, 24 and 25, hereinafter described).
Such vat or vats are also connected by a pipe h, (see Figs. 3 and 6, and also the
Figs. 23, 24 and 25, above referred to), which conveys the liquid into a chamber i,
(see Fig. 3) that communicates with a slide valve box under the treating chamber
(see Figs. 3, 6 and 7). This valve box is formed by a casting having three
ports, 1, 2 and 3, in its upper side, faced for an ordinary slide valve i, to which one
end of a rod is attached for working the valve, the other end of which rod passes
through an ordinary stuffing box formed in the side of the casting, and is jointed to:
one end of a downward arm i, on a shaft i, in suitable bearings on the framing,
another upward arm i, from this shaft being connected with a rod j', hereinafter
referred to this arrangement is seen best in Figs. 3 and 6.
The slide valve i, in Fig. 3, is shewn in its middle position with its cavity over
the middle port 1, so that liquid can pass from the vat or vats to the chamber i¹
and through middle port 1, but in the middle position of the valve in which it is
shewn, the liquid cannot pass through the cavity of the valve i, to either of the
two ports, 2 or 3, one on each side of the middle port 1, but when moved to the
right (see Fig. 3), the liquid from the cavity of the valve can pass from and through
it to the port 3, on the right and then descend and ascend by the pipe or passage i
(see Fig. 7), to the cavity f, under the table plate a, when such liquid can pass
through the tubular perforated skewers and through the cops upon them from the
inside to the outside into the treating chamber e, and from thence by the passage f*
(see Fig. 8), to the compartment 2, of the receiver g.
When the valve i is reversed in the opposite direction the port 3, is closed and
the port 2 is opened, and the liquid then passes by a pipe similar to , to the
passage, (see Figs. 3 and 7), into the treating chamber e, above the table plate b,
and then passes from the outside to the inside of the cops to the cavity f, under the
table a, and from it through the passage f' to the compartment 1, of the large
receiver g, (see Fig. 3).
When steam or air or the two combined is to be passed through the cops or
material being treated in either direction, the valves are placed in the position
accordingly as for drawing liquids from the vat; but as in such case the steam or
air passes so much more freely than liquid, the partial vacuum formed in the
treating chamber, never gets powerful enough to lift the liquid from the vat,
because the steam and air or both enter so fast and pass so freely as to destroy the
partial vacuum to a great extent, as fast as it can be formed by the ejector. But
to be certain that no liquid shall rise from the vat when drawing air or steam or
both combined, the lever, is arranged to be readily detached from the rod, so
that the valve i, may be placed and left in its middle position, closed, when drawing
aeriform fluids.
The apparatus is worked by a handle ;, having its fulcrum j¹ on the side of the

page_text: treating chamber e, or on the axis of the cone plug of a tap e, for admitting air or
steam into the cavity round the treating chamber as explained in the said Specifica-
tions, except that when aeriform fluids are to be drawn from the inside to the outside
of the cops such fluids are admitted by a pipe or passage to the treating chamber e,
(to the cavity f) below the table plate a, which is effected by arranging the cock e³,
with passages so that when it is in one position aeriform fluids will be admitted to
the treating chamber e, above the table plate a, as in the ordinary manner (when
the fluids are to pass from the outside to the inside of the cops) and when in the
other position the passage in the treating chamber above the table plate a, will be
closed and that to the treating chamber below the table plate a, will be opened,
and will thus allow aeriform fluids to be drawn from the inside to the outside of the
cops. When aeriform fluids are admitted to the treating chamber e, above the
table plate a, they are shut off from the treating chamber below the table plate a,
and vice versa.
The object may be effected by the cock e, as described in the said Specification,
and by a separate cock to admit aeriform fluids to the treating chamber below the
table plate a, when required.
The lower end of the lever j, is jointed to one end of a rod 1, the other end of
which is jointed to one arm of a bell crank lever j³, having its fulcrum on the side
of the large receiver g, (see Figs. 3 and 4), and the other arm of the bell crank
lever, is connected with one end of a rod j, the upper end of which is connected
with a cross head, which is connected with the rods of the slide steam and air
valve, shewn in Figs. 9 and 10.
The two valves and valve boxes are in the same casting n³, but there is a parti-
tion between the two valve boxes and the one for steam is made steam-tight, the
rod actuating it passing through a stuffing box. The steam slide valve k, covers
and overlaps two ports, 1 and 2, in its middle position. These ports open each into
a separate cavity in the casting and the outlets k' and from these two separate
cavities communicate with a pipe k*, that goes to the steam nozzle of the ejector l,
which is secured on the upper end of the small receiver m, which ejector is arranged
as explained in the said Specification No. 4928 of 1891. The steam passing from
the ejector and air drawn by it is conveyed away by a pipe 1, for heating and
other purposes as explained in the said Specification, No. 4928 of 1891.
When the steam valve k is at one extreme, fluids are being drawn from one
compartment of the large receiver and when in the other extreme position from
the other compartment of the large receiver g. When the ejector begins to work,
fluids pass from the valve n, for fluids along the pipe m', which is in communication
with the exterior of the small receiver m, at one end and with the side of the valve
box n, at the other end, which end is in communication with the cavity in the
casting, into which the middle port 1, opens. The two ports 2 and 3, one on each
side of the middle port 1, each open into a separate cavity in the casting, (see
Fig. 10).
The outlet n' from the upper cavity is connected by a pipe n' with a cover plate
for the manhole in one compartment (1), of the large receiver g, (see Figs. 3, 4
and 5), and the outlet n' from the lower cavity (Fig. 10), is connected by a pipe n³
for
with the compartment (2), of the large receiver g, which is nearest the box n',
the valve n, (see Figs. 3 and 4). When the valve n. is in its middle position, the
suction caused by the ejector 1, cannot act beyond the cavity of the valve n, but
when the valve is moved to either extreme, then fluids can pass from one or other
of the compartments, 1 or 2, of the large receiver g, to the port or 3, (whichever
it is), which may then be under the cavity in the slide valve n, and the ejector thus
draws the fluids to the small receiver m, through the pipes m³ and m³, (the latter
discharging downwards) to and through the ejector l. The slide valve n, need not
be in a fluid-tight valve box and there is no packing round its spindle n³x, so that
when the valve is moved to one side, air can enter the port that is then uncovered
and pass through the cavity and pipe n' or n³, to the compartment 1 or 2, of the
large receiver Y, with which such pipe is connected. When this takes place, the
B

page_text: liquid in such compartment flows through the valve g¹, (not shewn in Figs. 3 and 4;
see Fig. 16), at its lower end which opens 'outward into the vat or passes by the
chamber and pipe y', back to the vat from which it was drawn.
But when fluid is exhausted from either compartment of the receiver . the
outlet valve g (not shewn in Fig. 3) at the lower end of each closes and retains
the liquid therein.
any
There is a pipe m³ from the small receiver m, having a valve m at its end
opening outwards, which opens and discharges the liquid that may be in the small
receiver m, into suitable vat, when the ejector 1, ceases to work as when the
operating handle j, and consequently all the slide valves, are in their middle
positions, in which position air may pass through the outlet pipe from the ejector 1,
through the ejector into the small receiver m.
When there is a back pressure valve in the outlet pipe from the ejector !, air
is or may be allowed to pass into the cavity of the valve n, (see Fig. 32, a section
of the valve), through a small hole n, which comes opposite one in a stationary
plate n', on the back of the valve n, when in its middle position, which small hole is
covered by the said plate n', when the valve n, is in either of its extreme positions.
The plate on the back of the valve n, may be pressed upon it by a spring, n³,
secured to the cover plate nº, and is arranged to be held from moving with the slide
valve n, as shewn in Fig. 32.
When the handle j, is in the position marked 1, Fig. 3, liquid steam air or gas
will be drawn from the outside to the inside of the cops or material and will pass to
the compartment 1, of the large receiver, and the liquid which may be in compart-
ment 2, will pass out of it back to the vat, through the valve (g') at its lower end,
which valve is similar to g', Fig. 16.
When the handle j is in the reverse position, that is in that marked 2, Fig. 3,
liquid, steam, air or gas will be drawn from the inside to the outside of the cops or
material, and will pass into the other compartment 2, of the large receiver g, at
which time the liquid will pass out of the compartment 1, to the vat through the
other valve ', for that compartment. Steam, air or gas only pass to the cops or
material being treated by opening a cock e supplying the same when required, the
handle of which cock may be arranged to be readily connected or disconnected with
the handle j, say when in its middle position, so that when the handle; is moved to
either extreme, the steam, air or gas cock e, will open by the same movement.
The arrangement of this air or steam cock is described in the said Specification,
No. 1157 of 1890.
Instead of the machine herein before described and illustrated by Figs. 3 to 10
inclusive being made with two large receivers g, or one large receiver g divided
into two compartments, it may be made to operate with one receiver g, by modifying
the operating valves accordingly, and a machine so arranged would be in accordance
with the invention, but in such case it is evident there would be loss of time, as
after each operation of drawing liquids one way through the materials being treated
into a single receiver g, or a receiver with only one compartment, time would have
to be allowed for the receiver to empty itself and for the liquid to pass back to the
vat before another drawing operation in the reverse direction could be effected,
while by using two receivers g or one receiver g divided into two compartments,
one can be filled, when the liquid is passing in one direction at the time the other
receiver or compartment is being emptied and is discharging the liquor to return it
back to the vat.
The two receivers for liquid g, or one receiver for liquid g, divided into two
compartments, may also be advantageously used in machines drawing liquor through
the materials to be treated in one direction only (as described in the said Specifica-
tions, No. 1157 of 1890 and No. 4928 of 1891), though both directions are to be
preferred to obtain the best result, as there would be a saving of time, namely the
time necessary to discharge the liquid from the receiver g, at one operation which
could take place from one receiver g, or compartment while it was entering the
other-receiver or compartment of the receiver g.
..

page_text: Fig. 11, is a side elevation of the machine.
Fig. 12, an elevation in section of the machine, looking from the treating chamber
end-which is supposed to be cut away, the section being through the passage or
conduit between the treating chamber and the receivers, and through the vat and
heating coil in it, which vat in this modification is shewn under the machine, but
may be apart from it.
Fig. 13, is a plan view of the machine.
Fig. 14, is a sectional elevation through the slide valve for controlling the passage
of fluids from between the receivers and the ejector, and
Fig. 15, is a similar section through the slide valve for controlling the steam
supply to the ejector and large receiver.
The machine shewn by the Figs. 11 to 15, inclusive, is for drawing liquids from
the rat y, or vats, one way into the large receiver g, and then forcing the liquid
back from the large receiver g, through the cops or material to the vat again.
Steam, air, or gas, or a combination of these may also be made to pass through the
cops or materials treated in this machine, in either direction.
The treating chamber e is arranged as described in the said Specification,
No. 1157 of 1890, and No. 4928 of 1891, except that the hinged lid el is arranged
to be held down by the hinged link e², as hereinbefore described, and a holding
down plate b, for acting upon the tips of the cop skewers, is used as hereinbefore
or as hereinafter described.
The large receiver gr forms one compartment, the valve at the lower end of the
large receiver g, opening outwards used in the ordinary arrangement, is dispensed
with, and there is a single passage or conduit f' from the cavity on the under sido
of the table plate a, in the treating chamber e, to the large receiving chamber g..
There is also a passage from the vat y, communicating with the treating
chamber e, above the table plate a, as described in the said Complete Specifications,
but the valves in the passages therein described are dispensed with.
The machine is or may be operated by a hand lever j, having its fulcrum on the
side of the treating chamber e, the arm of this lever handle below its fulcrum j',
being jointed to one end of a rod, the other end of which is jointed to a bell
crank lever, having its fulcrum on the side of the large receiver g, and the steam
and air or fluid slide valves are arranged and actuated from the bell crank lever j
as in the machine shewn by Figs. 3 to 10, with the exceptions hereinafter explained.
The steam slide valve k, works over two ports, 1 and 2, (see Fig. 15) each port
opening into a separate passage in the casting.
The outlet from one chamber in the casting having port 2 in it, is connected
by a pipe k, with the ejector 1, which is placed on the top of the small receiver m,
and discharges into a pipe 1, leading to the heating coil in the vat y, as herein-
before described and as described in the said Specification, No. 4928 of 1891.
The outlet from the other chamber having the port 1 in it, is connected by a
pipe, with the top of the large receiver g. In this pipe, there is a cock, to
be opened more or less in order to limit the supply of steam to the large receiver g,
so that it may not exceed the pressure desired. is the pipe for supplying steam
to the valve chest of the steam slide valve k.
The slide valve n, shewn by Fig. 14, covers two ports 1 and 2, each leading to
separate chambers in the casting.
The chamber having the port 2, under the cavity in the slide valve n, com-
municates by a pipe m', with the small receiver m, and the continuation of this
pipe m² turns downwards in the small receiver m, as described in said Specification,
No. 4928 of 1891.
:
The outlet n', from the other chamber is connected by a pipe n', with the top of
the large receiver g. The ports of both slide valves and n, are covered as shewn
in Figs. 14 and 15, when the lever handle j, is in its middle position, and the
ejector is stopped and air can then pass into the small receiver m, and at the
same time any liquid therein will be discharged from the small receiver m,

page_text: I
through the valve m³ opening outwards on the pipe m³, into the vat y, or a
separate vat.
Air is not admitted into the large receiver g when the slide valve n, is in its
middle position; but air may be admitted through a small hole in the back of
the slide valve ", to its cavity when in its middle position as herein before
described to allow air to enter the small receiver m, through the pipes m' and m³.
When the lever handle j is moved to the extreme position, marked 1, the
steam slide k, uncovers the port 2 for steam to the ejector l, and at the same
movement the cavity in the slide valve n comes over both of its ports so that
fluids are drawn by the ejector through the small receiver m, and pipes m³, m
and n', from the large receiver g, and liquid is thus drawn from the vat through
the treating chamber e, from above the table plate a through the cops or material
being treated from the outside to the inside, through the passage or conduit f¹ to
the large receiver g
When the lever handle ; is moved into the position 2, Fig. 11, the slide valves
are reversed, and steam is then shut off from the ejector l, which ceases to work.
In this position of the steam slide valve k, the port 1 is uncovered to admit
steam into the upper end of the large receiver g, through the pipe 1, port 1 of
the valve for the large receiver g being then covered or closed by the slide
valve n consequently the pressure of steam at the upper part of the large receiver
(which is regulated by the cock ), forces the liquid that has been drawn into the
large receiver g, back from it (assisted by gravity), through the passage
the inside to the outside of the cops, and back from the upper part of the treating
chamber to the vat y.
from
Steam is used by preference to force the liquid from large receiver g, as most
convenient, being used for the ejector, but air under pressure may be used, its supply
being controlled by a separate slide valve.
Fig. 16, is a side sectional elevation;
Fig. 17, is an elevation partly in section looking from the treating chamber end
of the machine which is supposed to be cut away in this figure.
Fig. 18, is a plan.
Fig. 19, is an elevation in section, looking from the small receiver to the treating
chamber, the section being through the passages and back pressure valve in one
passage and the slide valve for admitting liquid from the vat or vats.
Fig. 20, is a sectional elevation through part of the treating chamber, and part
of the passage or conduit leading from the treating chamber above the table
plate, through the back pressure valve in the passage, to the large receiver.
Fig. 21, is a sectional elevation of the air or fluid slide valve and
Fig. 22, is a sectional elevation of the steam slide valve. In this machine
illustrated by Figs. 16 to 22, inclusive, the large receiver g is divided into two
separate compartments, 1 and 2, but two separate receivers may be used.
The liquid from the vat or vats, passes say to the cavity on the underside of
the table plate a, through the cops from the inside to the outside, and thence from
the treating chamber above the table plate a, along the conduit f*, to compartment
of the large receiver g, then the valves are reversed, the liquid in that compart-
ment 1, then flows back to the treating chamber e, above the table plate a, passes
from the outside to the inside of the cops or material to the cavity f, below the
table plate a but as the valve i admitting liquid from the vat or vats is then closed,
it goes to the passage f¹ (see Fig. 20), which is in communication with the cavity f
through the back pressure valve f' and the continuation of the passage f to the
other compartment 2, of the large receiver g and the back pressure valve stops
its return from that compartment 2, there being an outlet valve g¹, at its lower end
from which the liquid escapes to a vat or to a chamber g' communicating by a
pipe 93, (not shown in Figs. 16 and 17, but in Figs. 24 and 25), with a vat or vats.
The slide valves k and n for controlling the air or fluid and steam, are arranged
to exhaust or partly exhaust first one compartment (1), of the large receiver g and

page_text: being exhausted from it.
When the compartment 1, of the large receiver g is being exhausted, it acts to
keep the valve f* closed.
The lid of the treating chamber e is arranged and its action upon the
holding down plate b, is the same as hereinbefore described in reference to
Figs. 3 to 10.
The slide valve i to admit and shut off liquid from the vat is in a casting, on
the lower end of a pipe the upper end of which forms a junction with the cavity f,
of the treating chamber under the table plate a.
The liquid can enter froin a vat or from a pipe to a passage i¹ in the casting,
which passage ascends, then passes on one or both sides of the pipe to the chest
for the valve i which has one port ouly, and the valve receives motion by a rod i³,
passing through an ordinary stuffing box, the outer end of the rod being jointed
to the lower end of a downward arm i, on a shaft 3, in suitable bearings, and an
upward arm from this shaft being connected with a rod transmitting movement
from the actuating handle j.
The mode of transmitting movement from the actuating handle ; to the steam
and air slide valves k and n, is the same as hereinbefore described in reference to
Figs. 3 to 10 inclusive, except that the valves and valve ports and their connections
are arranged somewhat differently.
Both valves and n, (see Figs. 21 and 22), cover the ports so as to prevent
passage of steam or air or fluids in the middle position of the operating handle j.
When the operating handle j is in either extreme position 1 or 2, steam is
supplied by the valve k through pipe k' to the ejector, accordingly as one port or
the other port is uncovered, as both ports communicate with the pipe k.
The air or fluid slide valve n has three ports, 1, 2 and 3; the middle (1) always
being in communication with the cavity in the valve n, and with the pipe m'
connecting the chamber in the casting n³, having this middle port (1) with the
small receiver m, from which there is inside the small receiver, a downward
discharging pipe m², as hereinbefore explained in reference to Figs. 3 and 11, the
ejector 1, being arranged on the small receiver m in like manner.
When the valve n is moved by the handle j to one extreme position (2 Fig. 16),
the port 2 is brought in communication with the cavity in the valve n, the chamber
into which this port 2 enters is connected by a pipe n' with compartment 1, of the
large receiver g, and it is thus exhausted, at the same time the other port 3 admits
the atmosphere from the valve chest into the chamber in the casting, into which it
opens; this chamber being connected by a pipe 2 with the other compartment (2),
of the large receiver g, and the liquid within this compartment is then discharged
through the valve g¹ (Fig. 16), at its lower end.
When the valves k and n are reversed by placing the lever handle ; in the other
position 1, compartment 2, of the large receiver is exhausted and air is admitted in
compartment 1, so that liquid may freely flow from that compartment 1, through
the treating chamber e, to compartment 2. When the actuating lever jis in the
middle position the ejector ceases to work, and air is admitted as herein before
described, into the small receiver m, which discharges through the outlet valve m*
on pipe mas herein before explained.
This machine may have the vat under it but as illustrated, it is supposed to be
connected up with several vats. The manner in which this is effected is illustrated
by Fig. 23, a front elevation.
Fig. 24, a side elevation and
Fig. 25, a plan view, in which figures; e is the treating chamber connected by
is the valve chest
pipes to the large double receiver g, m the small receiver.
(Fig. 16), for supplying liquid to the treating chamber e; a pipe connected
with the valve chest and with a pipe h passing lengthway in front of the required
number of vats y; two of which are shewn in the drawings on each side of the
machine.

page_text: 2 is a pipe from the chamber g², below the discharging valve g¹ of the large
receiver g which is connected with another pipe 9 passing along the rear of the
vats.
At each junction or branch between the vats and the pipes h¹ and 9', passing
lengthway in the front and rear of the vats, there is a valve 2 and g of any
ordinary construction which can be opened or shut when required.
When the machine is to work from any particular vat the valves h² and g³, at
the front and rear of the vats, for the vat to be used are opened and all the
valves ³ and g³ for the other vats are closed and thus by shutting the valves of one
vat and opening the valves of another vat, the machine may be readily worked
,with any one of the series of vats.
In each vat the branch from the pipe into the vat terminates in a large dish h³,
open upwards, upon the open side a circular frame is fitted and secured, covered
with suitable sieve material so that liquid drawn from the vat must pass through
this filter sieve before entering the treating chamber e.
Fig. 26 is a cross sectional elevation, the section being through one treating
chamber, on one side of the passages or pipes and slide valve chests for the fluid
and air valves on the other side of the machine and also through one receiving
chamber.
Fig. 27, is a plan view and
Fig. 28, is a sectional elevation at a right angle to the plane of Fig. 26, the
.section being through both receivers used in this machine.
The Figs. 26, 27 and 28, illustrate a multiple machine according to the
invention.
Three treating chambers e, are shewn on each side of the receiving chambers
and m, on this machine, but there may only be one treating chamber on each side
or there may be two or more. As illustrated, the treating chambers e, are supposed
to be large, and each treating chamber is intended to operate at the same time upon
· several table plates a of cops or other materials and in such machines the treating
chambers may be placed further apart than as illustrated so as to give ready access
all round each treating chamber, or nearly so.
The vats y are shewn under the treating chambers e, but they may be away from
the treating chambers and connected with them by suitable pipes or conduits.
The lide of the treating chambers may be hinged but being heavy for large
machines, may he lifted vertically, by a steam or hydraulic piston and cylinder, or
by a suitable crane and gearing. If required, the weight of each may be counter-
balanced by a counterweight chain or rope and pulley overhead, or by a weighted
lever so as to be easily opened and closed by hand..
In the illustration a projection from the lower pari of each treating chamber
extends down into the liquid in the vat y, which when working is nearly full.
In the bottom part of the treating chamber e, there is a partition e", having
receptacles in its upper side for the elastic packing rings e', (see Fig. 29), of as
many table plates a as are to be used. There are supposed to be six table plates a,
used in each treating chamber e, and they are arranged and held down and the cop
skewers are also held down by arrangements similar to those hereinafter described.
and illustrated by Fig. 29, wherein one table plate a is shewn as when in position
for being treated in a treating chamber e.
Under the partition ed there is a cavity or passage f, to a pipe fl. In the centre
of the treating chamber e as illustrated in Fig. 26, there is a cylinder », having a
piston in it, the rod of which passes through a stuffing box in the lid of the
cylinder r, and to the upper end of this piston rod the lid e¹ of the treating chamber
is secured.
There is an annular cavity eb, round each treating chamber for steam or air or
the two combined or other suitable gases as hereinbefore explained. The piston
is or may be actuated by steam or other fluid under pressure, but as steam is used
for the ejectors and other purposes in the machine, steam is preferred for actuating
the piston.

page_text: The steam is admitted through suitable pipes, or passages and a two-way cock
(not shewn), or valve, one position of which admits steam, the other position (a
middle one), shuts it off-and keeps the steam in the cylinder, and in another
extreme position, allows the steam in the cylinder to exhaust from it. When steam
is admitted the lid e' is lifted and held up as long as required, and when steam is
exhausted from the cylinder the lid e is lowered into its position to close the
treating chamber e. If desired the cock or valve may be arranged to admit steam
above the piston, to draw and hold the lid downwards especially if the other
modes hereinbefore described are employed for holding down the cop skewers as in
such case there will be a projection from the inside of the lid e', having a set screw
to come upon the end of the hollow projection for each holding down plate b.
If desired the pistons for the lids e' on each side of the machine may be operated
by one valve or cock and suitable connecting pipes.
Each treating chamber e, if more than one on each side is connected by a branch
pipe to a pipe, passing in the lengthway of the machine, and at about the
middle part of this pipe, there is an upward branch that connects it with the
middle port of a slide valve chest s¹, the valve s, showing one port on each side of
the middle port, which is always in communication with the cavity in the slide
valve which covers all the three ports in its middle position but will open com-
munication through one or the other side ports when the valve & is moved to one or
the other extreme.
8
One of the side ports is connected with the receiving chamber g, by a short pipe
and the other side port in like manner with the other receiving chamber m. The
treating chambers e, on both sides are connected as described with the two receiving
chambers g and m. The spindle from the slide valve s, passes through an
ordinary stuffing box at each end of the valve chest s', and is connected with a
handle rod, sliding in suitable guides at each end of the vats, and thus the
valves s can be actuated from either end of the vats by the rods s' having handles
at their ends.
The receiving chamber is for liquids and the receiving chamber m is for steam
or air and like fluids. On the receiver g there is a valve box n³, similar to that.
hereinbefore described by reference to Figs. 14 and 15, but the passages. or pipes.
from the ports are arranged somewhat differently.
The ejector is secured to the side of the valve box n³, and when in operation
communicates with and exhausts fluids from the chamber which is in connection
with the middle port of the slide valve n, Fig. 14, and when that valve n is slided:
to one extreme it comes over a port 1, in communication by a pipe n' with the
manhole cover plate of the receiver g, and the fluids will pass from it through the
two ports 1 and 2, to the ejector and will pass from the latter with steam by
the pipe to be used for heating or other uses.
J
Steam is supplied from the steam slide valve k, (Fig. 15), by a pipe k³, com-
municating with the chamber of the valve box, having the steam port in it and with'
the ejector 7.
The slide valve rods for valves n and k, are connected by a rod jt bell crank lever :
to a handle rod which is actuated by the handle upon its end. The machine
operates like that herein before described and illustrated by Figs. 11 to 15 inclusive,
that is, liquid is drawn from the vat y through the cops or material from the
outside of the cops to the inside and is then forced back to the vat in the reverse
direction by steam or suitable fluid pressure.
When the slide valves s are in one position the ejector is started to operate to
draw liquid into the receiver g, when these valves s are in their middle position the.
action ceases and when the valves are in their other extreme position, the steam
slide valve & admits steam from the port then opened to the pipe to the receivery;.
the pressure of which steam is regulated by the cock, as hereinbefore explained.
in reference to Figs. 11 to 15.
The slide valve ", Fig. 14, and the corresponding valve 12, not shewn in
Figs. 26, 27 and 28, which is in valve box n³, shewn in those figures, and also the

page_text: two slide valves s in those figures, are kept close against their faces by a plate or
set screw or screws, or by a sufficiently strong spring ns, as in Fig. 32, to prevent
the pressure of the steam when acting in the receiving chambers g, from lifting the
valve from its facing or in place of the ordinary flat slide valves, ordinary cylindrical
or piston slide valves are or may be used-or if ordinary flat faced slide valves are
employed, a metal or other diaphragm is, or may be, arranged over a cavity formed
in the cover plate of the valve chest, the diaphragm being arranged to act upon a
plate that comes between it and the back of the slide valve.
The cavity of the diaphragm is connected by a pipe or passage with the chamber
or passage for the port into which the pressure comes, consequently whenever there
is a pressure above that of the atmosphere, (as when steam is being used to force
the liquid from the receiver g), this pressure then acts upon the diaphragm and
forces it towards and the plate upon which it acts against the back of the slide
valve and thus keeps its face fluid-tight against the ports. The diaphragm may be
on the back of the valve and the cavity for it may communicate by a hole in the
valve opposite the port having the pressure.
The receiver m has an outlet valve g' (see Fig. 28), which discharges into a
chamber 9, connected by a pipe with a vat, which is to receive its discharge; an
ejector is connected with the upper end of the receiver m, supplied with steam
by a pipe and valve l', which may be a lifting cone valve, the spindle of which is
attached to a cross bar, which is connected by side rods (one on each side of the
valve casing to another cross bar below the valve casing which cross bar is
attached to a rod the lower end of which is jointed to a bell crank lever !
having its fulcrum on the side of the receiver; the vertical arm of the bell crank
lever being jointed to a horizontal rod 1, having a handle on its end for actuating
the valve. The valve may be reversed, the spindle downwards and the rod 1ª
connected directly.
It will be understood that when the slide valves is in position to open com-
munication between the treating chambers e and the receiver g, the receiver m,
does not operate, and vice versa, when the slide valve s, is in the reverse position,
the receiver m is made to operate by turning on steam by the handle, to the
ejector IX.
In using this multiple machine the treating chambers on one side only (by
preference) are in operation, while those on the other side are having the table
plates a, changed so that thus, the treating chambers on each side are in alternate
action. But the machine may be so used that liquid may be drawn from the
treating chambers on one side while steam air or aeriform fluids are being drawn
from the treating chambers on the other side of the machine.
The receiver m, is for drawing steam or air, or both combined, through the cops
or material being treated.
By connecting up vats by pipes and valves, any required liquid may be drawn
one way, and forced back the reverse way.
Figs. 29, 30 and 31, are each sectional elevations of treating chambers e. In
each of which e¹ is the lid, hinged at e, there is a groove all round the exterior of
the treating chamber, and having at its bottom an india-rubber ring e, for the
descending edge of the lid e', to close against to make a fluid-tight joint-e the
latching link jointed to the treating chamber at e, is the knob on the lid upon
which it latches; ed the annular cavity round the treating chamber through which
steam or air, or both is made to enter the treating chamber through holes e, all
round; is the partition having a groove for an india rubber ring e', upon which
the table plate a rests when in the treating chamber, thus partitioning off the
upper part of the treating chamber from the cavity f below the plate a. e, is a
part (Figs. 30 and 31), placed in the lower part of the treating chamber, the
central cylindrical portion e of it coming under and serving to support the table
plate a when in position, this cylindrical portion being perforated with holes (not
shewn), to allow liquids and fluids to pass freely. a' is the tubular handle inserted
in the centre of the table plate a, having a small hole at its upper end.

page_text: The parts of Figs. 29, 30 and 31, above referred to by letters, are parts described
(except the latching link e), in one or both of the said Specifications, and the
improvements forming the subject of the present invention which are illustrated
by these figures will now be described.
In Figs. 30 and 31, a diaphragm p, of leather, india-rubber, thin metal or other
suitable material, is shewn secured at its margin to a ring projection, from the
inside of the lid e by bolts or screws. The margin of the diaphragm comes
between the ring projection from the lid e¹ and a plate p', having a hole in its
centre.
Above the diaphragm p, there is a plate p', which is bolted by a large headed
bolt p, to the centre of the diaphragm. By this means a cavity is formed,
between the inside of the lid e' and the diaphragm p, into which air may enter
through a hole in the lid left open for the purpose. When the lid e' is shut, the
head of the bolt p³ will come against the top of the tubular handle b', from the
holding down plate b, which tubular handle has one or more holes in its upper end
for fluids to pass freely.
When a vacuum more or less perfect is formed within the treating chamber e,
the atmosphere acting upon the upper side of the diaphragm p, forces it downwards
against the end of the handle b¹, from the holding down plate b, and the pressure
may be regulated to the amount required by varying the size of the hole in the
plate pl.
The holding down plate b, shewn in Fig. 30, has a piece of wood or other
suitable material 66, secured to its underside, which has a cone hole for each cop
skewer. These cone holes serve to bring the tips of the skewers to the vertical
position and the upper end of the cops come against the small ends of the cones,
the tips of the skewers passing through holes in the holding down plate b, and thus
the cops and cop skewers are held down.
In Fig. 31, the same arrangement for holding down the cop skewers is shewn in
a modified form. The underside of the holding down plate comes against the tips
of the skewers, the board of wood with cone holes is connected by screws 6º,
with the holding down plate b, so that the board can slide up and down to some
extent, but remain in connection with the holding down plate b. With this
arrangement the board 65 with cone holes serves to bring the cop skewers vertical
and may then rest upon the small ends of the cops, the tips of the skewers coming
under the holding down plate b, faced if desired with india-rubber or other suitable
elastic material. In place of cone holes in a board 8 cone tubes (perforated if
desired), may be inserted in and secured to the plate b.
In Fig. 29, arms el project from the parts e, to carry a centre part e, (which
may be a descending boss), into which the lower end of a vertical stud q, is secured,
the upper end of which is screwed for a handle screw nut q'. From the central
part of the table plate a, there is an upward tubular handle projection a*, which
fits upon the stud
and upon
the upper part of the same stud, a tubular stem b¹
from the holding down plate b also fits; and by screwing the handle nut screw q',
upon the stud q, the holding down plate b, is pressed down with sufficient. force
upon the tips of the cop skewers, and the underside of the table plate a is at the
same time held firmly against its packing ring e².
The underside of the holding down plate 6 is just clear or nearly so of the top
of the tubular stem at, from the table plate a when sufficient pressure. has been put
upon the tips of the skewers.
The stud q may have a handle at its upper end and may be screwed down into
the bosse, and the handle and stud may be connected with the plate b, so as to be
lifted together, the stud turning in the plate b.
it
There is a small hole passing up the axis of the stud q Fig. 29, in order to allow
air to be drawn from the upper part of the treating chamber into the cavity f, or
may pass up a groove in the side of the stud; or when there are several tables a
being operated upon in the same treating chamber there may be a small tube from
the cavity f, to the upper part of the treating chamber.

page_text: We wish it to be understood that the machine hereinbefore illustrated and
described where only one table plate is shewn in the treating chamber, may be made
large enough if desired to operate upon several table plates at the same time, the
table plates being arranged in the treating chamber, as described in reference to
Fig. 26, and the table plates and holding. down plates, may be secured in the
treating chamber while being operated upon as described in reference to Figs. 26
and 29, of the drawings; or the holding down plates may be held down by
projections from the lids e¹, and adjustable set screws as described in reference to
Figs. 3, 7, and 16, or as described in reference to Figs. 30 and 31; the lid in the
case of Figs. 3, 7 and 16, being held down by suitable means.
In the modifications according to the invention, illustrated by Figs. 11 to 15,
and Figs. 26 to 28, the lids e¹ may be dispensed with, if the treating chambers are
arranged to come below the level of the liquid supplied from the vats, as in the
machine shewn by Fig. 5, of the said Specification, No. 1157 of 1890.
In such case there is a valve in the pipe or passage between the vats and the
treating chamber and when the treating chamber is empty the table plate or
plates can be inserted or removed and when inserted in the receiving chamber, the
valve is opened to allow the liquid to flow into the treating chamber, from the
vat or vats, as the same treating chamber may be connected by pipes with several
different vats.
The machine then operates by drawing the liquid from the treating chamber,
which fills as fast as the drawing operation continues, until the desired quantity has
passed into the receiving chamber g, for one operation then the steam or other
fluid under pressure is admitted into the receiver g, and the liquid is forced back
through the cops to the treating chamber and from the latter it flows back to the
vat from which it was drawn, this operation being repeated as often as desired.
If desired the pipe between the vat to the treating chamber may extend across
the vat and have a branch from it at each end of the vat, one branch having a
valve opening outwards to pressure, from the inside of the pipe the other opening
inwards to pressure from the outside of the pipe by which means liquid taken from
one end of the vat is delivered at the other end, thus, causing it to circulate,
comparatively fresh liquid being thus taken at each operation. When the required
extent of treatment has been given, the valve between the treating chamber and vat
is closed, and then the liquid remaining in the treating chamber is drawn into the
receiver g, and may be retained in for the next table or tables of cops to be
treated.
If desired, the machine may be arranged, same as that shewn in Figs. 26, 27
and 28, so that the treating chamber may be emptied of liquid when the supply is
cut off from the vat by drawing it into the receiver m, from which it may be
discharged through the valve g', to go back into the vat.
In machines without lids e¹ the cop skewers may be held down by arrangements
similar to those illustrated by Fig. 29, or by weighting plates or plates having weights
upon them, or by a diaphragm or its equivalent, in the bottom of the cavity f,
(Fig. 26), which diaphragm is connected by a rod passing through a boss below the
centre part e, (Fig. 29), this rod taking the place of the stud 7, Fig. 29, except that
it would not require a screw nut, but simply a cottar or equivalent arrangement to
pass through a hole in the upper end of the rod above the boss or stem 6₁ from the
table plate b.
The diaphragm, thus arranged, would act to hold down the cop skewers and
cops whenever there was a pressure of fluid within the cavity f, passing through
the hollow cop skewers from inside to outside which is the time they are required
to be held down.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what we
claim is
1
TL
1-

page_text: material are or may be carried on a portable table plate (a) so as to be placed in a
treating chamber either side up, substantially as and for the purposes herein before
described and illustrated by reference to Figs. 1 and 2, of the drawings.
2. The combination of table plate a, cylinder a', holding down plate b, and hollow
handle, substantially as and for the purposes herein before described and illustrated
by reference to Figs. 1 and 2, of the drawings.
3. The combination of mechanism or apparatus by which liquids can be drawn from
the vat or supply cistern through the cops, bobbins or spools of yarn or materials, to
be treated, carried on a portable table plate (a) in either direction by suction into
a receiver 9, from which such liquid is discharged to return directly to the vat,
and also by which mechanism, steam or other aeriform fluids, may also be drawn
through such materials in either direction, substantially as and for the purposes
berein before described and illustrated by reference to Figs. 3 to 10 inclusive, of
the drawings.
4. The combination of mechanism or apparatus by which liquid is or can be
drawn from the vat or supply cistern through the materials to be treated in one
direction by suction, into one receiver or one compartment of a receiver 9, and then
drawn from the vat through the materials to be treated in the reverse direction,
into another receiver or compartment of the receiver g, the liquid drawn into one
compartment of the receiver g, being discharged to return directly to the vat,
while the liquid is being drawn into the other receiver or compartment of the
receiver g, and also the drawing of steam or other aeriform fluids through the
material being treated in one or both directions substantially as and for
the purposes hereinbefore described and illustrated by Figs. 3 to 10 inclusive of
the drawings.
5. The combination of mechanisa or apparatus substantially as and for the
purposes hereinbefore described and illustrated by reference to Figs. 3 to 10
inclusive, of the drawings.
6. The combination and arrangement of mechanism by which liquid is or may
be drawn from the vat through the cops, bobbins or spools of yarn or materials to
be treated carried on a portable table plate a, by suction into a receiver g, from
which receiver it is returned by pressure of steam operating therein in the reverse
direction, through the materials being treated back to the vat, substantially as and
for the purposes hereinbefore described and illustrated by reference to Figs. 11 to 15
inclusive of the drawings.
7. The combination and arrangement of mechanism substantially as and for the
purposes herein before described and illustrated by reference to Figs. 11 to 15
inclusive of the drawings.
8. The combination and arrangement of mechanism by which liquid is drawn
from a vat through the materials to be treated by suction, into one receiver or
one compartment of a receiver (g), and is returned from such receiver or compart-
ment in the reverse direction, through the materials being treated to the second
receiver or second compartment of the receiver from which latter it is discharged
to return to the vat, and also the drawing of steam, or other aeriform fluids
through the materials in one or both directions substantially as and for the purposes
hereinbefore described and illustrated by reference to Figs. 16 to 22 inclusive of
the drawings.
9. The combination and arrangement of mechanism substantially as and for the
purposes herein before described and illustrated by reference to Figs. 16 to 22
inclusive of the drawings.
10. The combination of two or more vats with one treating machine as herein-
before described and illustrated by Figs. 23, 24 and 25, of the drawings.
11. The combination of two or more treating chambers or table carriers, with
one receiver (y), or two receivers (g and m), by which one or more treating
chambers or table carriers, is or are or may be operated upon at the same time, or
one or more treating chambers or table carriers is or are or may be operated

page_text: alternately, substantially as and for the purposes hereinbefore described by reference
to Figs. 26, 27 and 28, of the drawings.
12. The combination and arrangement of mechanism substantially as and for
the purposes herein before described and illustrated by reference to Figs. 26, 27
and 28, of the drawings.
13. The combination of steam ejectors with the mechanism hereinbefore described
and illustrated by reference to Figs. 3 to 10 inclusive, Figs. 11 to 15 inclusive,
Figs. 16 to 22 inclusive and Figs. 26 to 28 inclusive, for producing suction in the
receivers when the liquids in such machines are made to pass through the materials
being treated in both directions substantially as and for the purposes herein before
described in reference to the said machines illustrated by the said figures of the
drawings.
14. The use of steam in machines substantially the same as those hereinbefore
described by reference to Figs. 11 to 15 iuclusive and Figs. 26 to 28 inclusive of
the drawings, for forcing the liquid drawn into the receiver g by suction through
the materials being treated, back to the vat, substantially as and for the purposes
hereinbefore described.
15. The mode of holding down cop, spool or bobbin skewers in and the com-
bination with portable table plates (a) substantially as and for the purposes herein-
before described by reference to Figs. 1 and 2, Figs. 3 and 7, Fig. 16, Fig. 26,
Figs. 29, 30 and 31, of the drawings, also the mode of holding by weighting the
same, or by holding down by a diaphragm or its equivalent which is operated by
the pressure (when above the atmosphere), of the fluid in the cavity below the table
plate a substantially as herein before described.
16. The combinations and arrangements of the machines illustrated by Figs. 11
to 15 inclusive, and Figs. 26 to 28 inclusive of the drawings, when treating chambers
without lids are placed and arranged so that liquid may flow into them from the vat
or vats, substantially as and for the purposes described.
17. In mechanism or apparatus similar to that described and illustrated by
reference to Figs. 1 to 4 inclusive, and Figs. 5 and 6 of the drawings of said
Specification of Letters Patent No. 1157 of 1890, and by Figs. 1 to 7 inclusive of
the said Specification of Letters Patent No. 4928 of 1891, and in similar machines
to those herein before described by Figs. 3 to 10 inclusive and Figs. 16 to 22
inclusive the combination and use in such said machines of two receivers g, or one
receiver divided into two compartments, such receivers g taking the place of the
receivers b, referred to in the Specifications of the said Letters Patent No. 1157
of 1890 and No. 4928 of 1891 when modified for use with such double receivers,
substantially as and for the purposes herein before described and illustrated in
Figs. 3 to 10 inclusive, and Figs. 16 to 22 inclusive of the drawings.
9,
Dated the 7th March 1893.
PETER J. LIVSEY,
Agent.