Year: 1888

page_text: Date of Application, 28th July, 1888
Complete Specification Left, 13th Apr., 1889
Complete Specification Accepted, 1st June, 1889
First To simplify the arrangements for driving a Dynamo from the axle of a
vehicle.
Secondly-To encase the whole apparatus in and protect it from dust.
Thirdly To automatically start and stop the Dynamo at a given speel of the
Train.
'
Fourthly To secure its running in the same direction. whichever direction the
train is travelling.
Fifthly-To keep the driving belt tight during the rise and fall of the body of
the vehicle.
Sixthly To arrange so that the Dynamo can be stopped at any moment by
breaking an electric circuit.
With these objects in view I fix upon one of the vehicles a pulley (there may be
two or more) which drives by means of a belt, chain, rope or other suitable means two
pulleys each of which is carried on a separate shaft the same belt causing both
pulleys to revolve in the same direction. These two shafts are carried in suitable
bearings and carry
at the other end two friction wheels. There is another shaft so
situated with relation to the two shafts mentioned above that a recessed wheel which
it carries runs so that part of its rim is between the two friction wheels. So that one
friction wheel makes outside contact when required and the other friction wheel
makes inside contact when required; the recessed wheel is preferably covered both
internally and externally with leather, wood or other suitable substance to give a
better grip. It will be seen that according as the axle of the vehicle is revolving

page_text: one way or the other so either the inner or outer friction wheel can be brought into
driving contact with the recessed wheel and cause it always to turn in the same direc-
tion, by this means an ordinary driving pulley fixed upon the same shaft as the
recessed wheel has a constant motion given to it which may be transmitted to the
Dynamo by belt or gearing or the shaft itself may be coupled to the Dynamo.
An alternative plan is to take the belt from the pulley on the axle round one and
over the other of the above mentioned pulleys so as to cause them to revolve in
opposite directions and supporting the belt with an idle wheel which can be used as a
belt tightener by means of springs. Each shaft would be provided as before with a
friction wheel and either one or the other could be drawn into contact with the outside
or if necessary the inside of a friction wheel which would take the place of the
recessed wheel spoken of above.
The friction wheels may be made with wedge shaped grooves and projections of
the well known form and gear into similar projections and grooves upon the other
friction wheel.
Another alternative plan is to make the friction wheels with bevelled edges which
gear with a friction wheel bevelled at one side and dished and bevelled internally at
the other.
In order to apply sufficient pressure between the friction wheels and the recessed
wheel employ two electro-magnets one. of which draws one friction wheel into
contact with the inside and the other draws the other friction wheel into contact
with the outside the two friction wheels are never in contact with the recessed wheel
at the same time and their normal position is that neither is in contact. To cause an
electric current-to-flow-through-either-one-of-the-other-of-the two magnets_I_use_the_
following gear.
1st. A small grooved pulley is fixed upon the end of one of the shafts which are
driven by the belt from the pulley upon the axle; over this pulley is passed a chain,
rope, gut or other suitable connection which carries at each ond a piece of metal
shaped like an invorted U these two pieces of metal hang over four mercury cups in
two pairs according as the grooved pulley revolves in one direction or the other so it
draws one piece of metal out of its cups to a certain distance beyond which it is
prevented from rising and allows the other piece of metal to drop into its cups; one
pair of cups completes the circuit for one electro magnet the other pair completes it
for the other electro magnet.
2nd. In order that the magnets may only act when the vehicle is travelling at a
prearranged speed a mercury governor is driven from one of the shafts which carry
the pulleys and by this means contact is made; as soon as contact is made by the
governor a current passes from an accumulator or battery into one of the magnets and
draws one of the friction wheels into contact with the recessed wheel and starts the
Dynamo. As soon as the Dynamo produces a current it operates a switch which
breaks circuit from the accumulator to the magnet and makes circuit from the
Dynamo to the magnet so that the current now passes from the Dynamo through the
Electro magnet holding the friction wheel in contact as long as the Dynamo is running
at or above a given speed
.
In order to keep the driving belt from the axle to the pair of pulleys tight I
arrange a pair of rollers which press upon the outside of the belt and are connected
to the two ends of a spiral spring which is arranged to give sufficient pressure to keep
the belt tight during the rise and fall of the body of the vehicle. This gearing is
fustened to the floor of the vehicle or to some fixed point to prevent it getting out of
position.
A switch is provided between the mercury governor and the Electro-magnets by
means of which the circuit can be broken causing the friction wheels to cease driving
and so stopping, the dynamo.
In order to protect the driving belt from dust, wet &c. I case the pulley and belt
in and provide the hole through which the axle passes with sliding covers which grip
the axle but are able to adjust themselves to the rise and tall of the body of the
vehicle in slides and are provided with springs to keep them up to the axle.

page_text: The above arrangements may be varied in an almost endless variety of ways-for
instance the belt tightening may be done by one roller pressed either side against the
belt by a spring or weight or two rollers may be pressed by either means or the
pulley shafts may rest on springs or the whole gearing apart from the pulley or pulleys
on the axle may be carried on springs.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Arrangements for the Lighting of Railway
Trains by Electricity.
I ILLIUS AUGUSTUS TIMMIS of No. 2 Great George Street Westminster S. W. in the
County of Middlesex Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement
The objects of my improvements are.
FirstTo simplify the arrangements for driving a Dynamo from the axle of a
vehicle.
Secondly-To encase the whole apparatus in and protect it from dust.
Thirdly-To automatically start and stop the Dynamo at a given speed of the
Train.
Fourthly To secure its running in the same direction whichever direction the
train is travelling.
Fifthly-To keep the driving belt tight during the rise and fall of the body of
the vehicle.
-
Sixthly To arrange so that the Dynamo can be stopped at any moment by
breaking an electric circuit.
.
With these objects in view I fix upon one axle of the vehicle a pulley (there may
be two or more) which drives by means of a belt, chain rope or other suitable means
two pulleys each of which is carried on a separate shaft the same belt causing both
pulleys-to revolve in the same direction. These two shafts are carried in suitable
bearings and carry at the other end two friction wheels. There is another shaft so
situated with relation to the two shafts mentioned above that a recessed wheel which
it carries runs so that part of its rim is between the friction wheels. So that one
friction wheel makes outside contact when required and the other friction wheel
makes inside contact when required; the recessed wheel is preferably covered

page_text: both internally and externally with leather, wood or other suitable substance
to give a better grip. It will be seen that according as the axle of the vehicle is
revolving one way or the other so either the inner or outer friction wheel can be
brought into driving contact with the recessed wheel and cause it always to turn in the
same direction, by this means an ordinary driving pulley fixed upon the same shaft
as the recessed wheel has a constant motion given to it which may be transmitted to
the Dynamo by belt or gearing or the shaft itself may be coupled to the Dynamo.
An alternative plan is to take the belt from the pulley on the axle round one and
over the other of the above mentioned pulleys so as to cause them to revolve in
opposite directions and supporting the belt with an idle wheel which can be used as a
belt tightener by means of springs. Each shaft would-be provided as before with.a.
friction wheel and either one or the other could be drawn into contact with the
outside or if necessary the inside of a friction wheel which would take the place of
the recessed wheel spoken of above.
The friction wheels may be made with wedge shaped grooves and projections of the
well known form and gear into similar projections and grooves upon the other friction
wheel.
Another alternative plan is to make the friction wheels with bevelled edges which
gear with a friction wheel bevelled at one side and dished and bevelled internally at
the other.
In order to apply sufficient pressure between the friction wheels and the recessed
wheel I employ two electro magnets one of which draws one friction wheel into
contact with the inside and the other draws the other friction wheel into contact with
the outside the two friction wheels are never in contact with-the-recessed wheel at
the same time and their normal position is that neither is in contact. To-cause an
electric current to flow through either one or the other of the two magnets I use the
following gear.
1st. A small grooved pulley is fixed upon the end of one of the shafts which are
driven by the belt from the pulley upon the axle ; over this pulley is passed a chain,
rope, gut or other suitable connection which carries at each end a piece of metal
shaped like an inverted U these two pieces of metal hang over four mercury cups in
two pairs; according as the grooved pulley revolves in one direction or the other so
it draws one piece of metal out of its cups to a certain distance beyond which it is
prevented from rising and allows the other piece of metal to drop into its cups; one
pair of cups completes the circuit for one electro inagnet and the other pair completes
it for the other electro magnet.
2nd. In order that the magnets may only act when the vehicle is travelling at a
prearranged speed a mercury governor is driven from one of the shafts which carry
the pulleys and by this means contact is made; as soon as contact is made by the
governor a current passes from an accumulator or battery into one of the magnets
and draws one of the friction wheels into contact with the recessed wheel and starts
the Dynamo. As soon as the Dynamo produces a current it operates a switch which
breaks circuit from the accumulator to the magnet and makes circuit from the
Dynamo to the magnet so that the current now passes from the Dynamo through the
Electro magnet holding the friction wheel in contact as long as the Dynamo is
running at or above a given speed.
In order to keep the driving belt from the axle to the pair of pulleys tight I arrange
a pair of rollers which press upon the outside of the belt and are connected to the
two ends of a spiral spring which is arranged to give sufficient pressure to
keep the belt tight during the rise and fall of the body of the vehicle. This gearing
is fastened to the floor of the vehicle or to some fixed point to prevent it getting out
of position.
A switch is provided between the mercury governor and the Electro-magnets by
means of which the circuit can be broken causing the friction wheels to cease driving
and so stopping the Dynamo.
In order to protect the driving belt from dust, wet &c. I case the pulley and belt
in and provide the hole through which the axle passes with sliding covers which grip

page_text: the axle but are able to adjust themselves to the rise and fall of the body of the
vehicle in slides and are provided with springs to keep them up to the axle.
The above arrangements may be varied in an almost endless variety of ways-for
instance the belt tightening may be done by one roller pressed either side against the
belt by a spring or weight or two rollers may be pressed by either incans or the
pulley shafts may rest on springs or the whole gearing apart from the pulley.or
pulleys on the axle may be carried on springs.
The following description of the Drawings which are attached thereto explain the
invention. The same parts in the different figures are indicated by the same letters.
Figs. 1 and 2. p is a pulley fixed to the axle a of a Railway vehicle.
> is the rope,
chain or belt which passos over the pulley p and over the two smaller pulleys p¹, p³.
The two shafts which carry these two pulleys also carry two other, or friction wheels-
see Fig. 3 and 4. f' and f. There is also a recessed wheel w. sec figs. 1, 3 and 4-
and it so runs that one of the friction wheels has its rim inside and the other its rim
outside the rim of the recessed wheel. The normal position of the two friction
wheels with relation to the recessed wheel is that they do not touch. The same shaft
that carries the recessed wheel carries also the driving wheel d. This latter wheel-
or pulley drives the Dynamo.
It is evident that if the pulley p revolves in one direction and the friction wheel f¹
is in contact with and drives the recessed wheel w. or if the pulley p revolves in
the opposite direction and the friction wheel f* is in contact with and drives the
recessed wheel w. That in either case the recessed wheel will revolve in the same
direction and so also will the driving wheel d and the Dynamo.
By another method the belt runs over the pulley pl and under the other p³ by
means of an idle pulley (not shown) in which case the friction wheels would have
to drive the recessed wheel either both from the outside or both from the inside.
The friction wheels and the recessed or any wheels used for driving by contact
pressure may be coated with leather or any other suitable material-and the friction
parts may be bevelled or as described in the provisional specification.
In order to put the friction wheels into gear with the recessed or motor wheel w.
I employ electro inagnets m and m³ (one bobbin and two armatures or solenoids may
be used instead) which are actuated as follows.
A small grooved pulley e, is carried on the end of one of the shafts carrying one
of the pulleys say p2 and over this is a rope (or other contrivance) c, at each end
of c is a piece of metal t (or conductive material) in the shape of an inverted U.
Each of these is over two mercury cups s.
If the pulley p revolves in one direction one end of c joins two of the mercury
cups and vice versa. c cannot move farther than is necessary in either direction.
The
A mercury governor actuated by the belt ; & pulley y fig. 2. is used to switch in
the magnets only when the speed of the train is at a prearranged limit. Then a
contact is made and a battery is switched in to one or other of the magnets m. or m'
through the mercury cups t or (Figs. 1 and 2) and the wires bb.
magnet m or m¹ then put one of the friction wheels into contact with w and the
Dynamo is started at a speed which is sufficient to charge the Batteries--but I prefer
to place an automatic relay in the circuit for safety-this relay may be of any
convenient form.
As soon as the Dynamo's potential is sufficient it actuates by means of a relay-
say the relay above mentioned a switch which throws the Dynamo current through
the magnet and throws out the Battery circuit.
In order to keep the belt r. tight while the distance between the axle a, and the
floor of the vehicle x is varying I use two rollers 1, 1-figs. 1 and 2-which are
kept tight against by the spring n-the axles of the rollers 1, 1 are in suitable
bearings.
The whole of the above gearing both inside the vehicle and also below the flooring
can be encased so as to protect it from dust and dirt-suitable shields working round
the axle with springs.
The above arrangements can be varied in very many ways.

page_text: Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
Invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is 1
First An arrangement of pulleys and friction wheels for driving a motor wheel
in the same direction whichever way the vehicle may be travelling in substantially as
and for the purposes herein before described...
:-
Secondly Electro-magnets for putting one or other of the friction wheels into
operation substantially as and for the purposes herein before described.
Thirdly-A spring or springs and rollers for keeping the axle pulley belt tight
substantially as.and for the purposes hereinbefore described...
Fourthly The general arrangement substantially as and for the purposes herein-
before described.