IMPROVEMENTS IN RESPIRATORS
Year: 1853

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Josiah Moore, of Clerkenwell Close, in the
County of Middlesex, Clock Manufacturer, for the Invention of
"
Sealed the 5th August 1853, and dated the 10th June 1853.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Josiah Moore at.
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 10th June 1858.
I, JOSIAH MOORE, of Clerkenwell Close, in the County of Middlesex,
Clock Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN RESPIRATORS" to be as follows, that is to
say:
These improvements consist in the construction of respirators of
such a form and dimensions that they may be applied internally within
the mouth, instead of on the outside thereof, as heretofore. For this
purpose a sheet or strip of woven wire gauze is folded up into a suitable
number of thicknesses, and placed within a small curved case or frame
to fit the mouth of the user.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Josiah Moore in the Great Seal Patent Office,
on the 9th December 1853.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, J,
JOSIAH MOORE, of Clerkenwell Close, in the County of Middlesex,
Clock Manufacturer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Tenth day of June, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-three, in the six-
teenth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said Josiah Moore, Her special licence
that I, the said Josiah Moore, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, or such others as I, the said Josiah Moore, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no
others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
RESPIRATORS," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said
Josiah Moore, by an instrument in writing under my hand and seal,
should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Inven-
tion, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause
the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that my improvements consist in the construc-
tion of respirators of such form and dimensions that they may be
applied internally within the month, instead of on the outside thereof,
as heretofore. For this purpose a sheet or strip of woven wire gauze
is folded up, into a suitable number of thicknesses, and placed in a small
curved case or frame to fit the mouth of the wearer.
And in order that the nature of this my Invention may be more
fully understood reference is had to the Drawings hereunto annexed,
and to the following description thereof, that is to say:-Figure 1, is

page_text: an external front view; Figure 2, a back view; Figure 3, an end view;
and Figure 4, a transverse section through the line A, B, Figure 1.
The same letters refer to similar parts in each of these Drawings.
C, C, is an external case or frame of gold, silver, or other suitable
material, curved to fit the front of the mouth of the wearer, and
pierced or perforated with any approved design at the back and front
so as to present a number of apertures or openings for the free passage
of air. d, e, is a rectangular shaped opening at one end of the case for
the insertion of a sheet or strip of very fine metal wire gauze, folded up
into a sufficient number of thicknesses to fill up the interior of the case
C, C. Figure 5, shews the folded wire gauze, and its position within
the case is shewn in the section, Figure 4.
In use this instrument is placed between the lips and the teeth, so
that in the act of breathing the whole of the inspired and expired air
shall pass through the several folds or thicknesses of the wire gauze.
The effect of this arrangement will be, that the heat of the expired
breath will be taken up by the wire gauze, and communicated to the
fresh air as it is drawn through the respirator in its passage to the
lungs. The respirator being within the mouth, and in immediate con-
tact with the lips and gums, will be warmed thereby, as well as by the
expired air, and such a temperature maintained as effectually to
prevent the admission of any cold air to the lungs, and this to a
much greater extent than could be accomplished by a larger and more
cumbrous apparatus less favourably circumstanced.
Figure 6, shews a respirator in which the front of the case is made
to resemble the natural teeth and guns by means of enamelling upon
gold or other metal, or by forming that part of the case of ivory,
porcelain, or other suitable material to which the required appearance
may be given. This ornamental front may be constructed of one single
piece, or the two rows of teeth may be made separately, and united by
a spring hinge so as to admit of a small range of motion when the
mouth is partially opened or moved, as in speaking.
I do not confine myself to any precise form or pattern, nor do I claim
as of my Invention the use of wire gauze as a warming agent in
respirators. What I claim as new and of my Invention is, the con-

page_text: struction of respirators composed of several thicknesses of wire gauze in
a suitable case or frame, to be worn within the mouth, substantially as
herein-before described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Josiah Moore, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Eighth day of December, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-three.
Witness,
A. BADDELEY.
JOSIAH MOORE. (L.S.)