IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MODE OF SUBSTITUTING PAPER TO PASTEBOARDS IN JACQUARD LOOMS."
Year: 1855

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Jean Baptiste Acklin, Practical Engineer, in Paris,
in the Empire of France, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MODE OF SUBSTITUTING PAPER TO PASTEBOARDS IN JACQUARD LOOMS."
MODE OF SUBSTITUTING PAPER TO PASTEBOARDS IN JACQUARD LOOMS."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Jean Baptiste Acklin at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
29th May 1855.
I, JEAN BAPTISTE ACKLIN, Practical Engineer, in Paris, in the Empire of
France, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE MODE OF SUBSTITUTING PAPER TO PASTEBOARDS IN JACQUARD Looms" to be
as follows:-
My improvements consist in certain dispositions of particular organs applied
to the jacquard loom, for the purpose of substituting sheets of paper of com-
paratively small size and bulk to the heavy and cumbersome pasteboards that
are used in the said looms.
Sheet I. of the annexed Drawings represents my improved apparatus com-
pletely separated from the loom on which it is to be fastened.
Sheet II. represents an apparatus which is necessary for the threading of
the design and for punching out the paper to be used in weaving ornamental
A

page_text: fabrics on jacquard looms by my plan. That apparatus completes, as it were,
my improvements.
In my apparatus all the needles or wires of a same length are independant,
that is to say, they are not attached to the organs called hitting pieces (butoirs)
which impart motion to the jacquard needles. They are guided until close
to the paper, so that, even when bent through imperfection or accident, they
nevertheless do not fail in meeting the holes of the paper. All the motions
imparted to the apparatus which is firmly fixed to the jacquard loom take
place internally, whilst in all the contrivances hitherto applied the motion
was imparted to the whole apparatus.
Slicet I. is a side elevation of the apparatus applied to a jacquard loom.
a, stands of the loom; c, needles of the jacquard loom or machine; b, board
of the needles; d, side plate of the apparatus in cast iron; e, bearing of the
sliding piece j; f. guiding lugs, cast with the plate d; h, upright slider playing
in the lugs f; its curvilinear edge i causes the forward motion of the needles,
the raising of the hooks &c. j, side slider, leading the set of bars g', g', which
pushes forward the hitting rods , which rods impel the jacquard needles. The
slide j carries along with it the plate u, which brings back the hitting rods.
k, trundle wheel, to regulate the passage of the sheet of punched paper o', o',
which passes between the guiding plates v and a; 1, shaft of the cylinder, sup-
porting the under plate v, over which the paper slides; m, bearing of the
shaft l, which can be suitably raised by the wedge n; o, wheel giving motion
to the paper; p, p, moulding edges, cast together with the framing piece d, and
on which the cross pieces in sheet iron are made fast, in order to unite the
opposite framings d together; s, guiding lugs, cast together with the framing d
for the slider j; t, fixed perforated plate for the passage of the hitting rods;
y, perforated guiding plate for the needles, fastened on the cross piece z; c', c',
upper and lower ends of the needles; a, upper plate, to raise up the needles
together with the hitting rods engaged in the needles; b, stopping cross bar,
uniting the framing plates d together; d, moulding on the slide piece j, for
fastening the cross plate e' which connects the pieces j; n', case containing the
set of driving bars g', which are separated by spaces m'; the former move
downwards for the purpose of reversing the effects of the punched paper in
the strokes, called "coups matrices," namely, when most of the needles would
enter punched parts at the same time; f¹, main bars of the frame; h', small
boards on which the ends of the hitting rods rest when not in motion; they are
united together by the cross piece 2. 7, lugs of the side framing for fastening
the apparatus on the loom; k', heads of the hitting rods catching the jacquard
needles.

page_text: Drawing. There is a roller set on the sliding piece j, which is driven by the
curvilinear face i of the slider h, which is not represented, and likewise
the system of cog wheels gearing with the wheels o for leading the paper does
not appear in the Drawing, nor the piece or system by which the lifting bar a¹
is impelled, nor the hooks or catches giving motion to the wheels by driving
the cog pins of the trundle. Motion is imparted to the catches in the same
manner as to the slider j.
WORKING OF THE APPARATUS.
On depressing the treadle, 1st, the lifting bars catch the jacquard hooks;
2d, the set of bars recedes, together with the hitting rods and jacquard needles;
3d, the bitting rods are raised up, and the neeilles of the apparatus are brought
out of the paper; 4th, the catching hooks impart motion to the trundle, and
the paper progresses; 5th, the rest of the motion of the treadle completes the
opening of the warp.
By leaving the treadle free or bringing the lift bars down, 1st, the warp is
partly closed; 2d, the catching hooks are replaced under the pins of the
trundle; 3d, the hitting rods are brought down by the lifting plate a¹, which
descends also, and the needles then rest on the parts of the paper which are not
punched through; the hitting rods corresponding to such needles are then
opposite their respective bars g¹; 4th, the set of bars slides forward to the
bitting rods, the bars push forwards those of the latter which are even with
them, the other bars slide on without touching anything; 5th, lastly, the lifting
bars leave the jacquard hooks.
Sheet II., side elevation of the paper-punching apparatus. a, under frame
of cast iron; b, cast-iron piece, moveable on an axis c; d, d, brass plates,
between which the paper to be punched slides; f, wooden board, to lengthen
the under plate d; g, brass plate guiding the punches; h, punch passing.
through the three plates d, d, and g; i, connecting plate, serving to maintain
the punches and to shelter the punches from dust; j, bent plate for stopping
the down stroke of the levers; k, bar for stopping them upwards; l; protecting
bar for the punches, maintaining them and preventing them from getting out
at the extremity of the levers; m, levers, moveable on an axis n; o, sheet-iron-
bearing of that axis; p, wheel catching the paper; it is fixed on the axler,
resting on the bearings; the trundle wheel t is on the same axle; u, its pins;-
, lever to impart motion to the trundle t, by means of the moving catches Y,,
acting on the pins u; a, spring to bring back the lever v in the horizontal

page_text: position; a', bearing plate of the lever v; b', recess in the block frame;
c, c, springs keeping the catches on the pins u of the trundle; d', roller which
regulates the position of the trundle by entering between its pins; e', top of
the roller; g', g', stays of the catches y,; f', sheet of paper to be punched;
it slides between the plates d, d.
For preparing the paper used in my machine, an apparatus capable of
punching it with small holes as I use it is necessary. That apparatus has a
set of stops or keys forming a key-board. The depressing of any of the keys.
causes a hole to be punched through the paper. The reading and punching of
a pattern can be done in two different ways, either by causing the designed
pattern on prepared Bristol paper (papier quadrillé) to pass over the key-
board, or by connecting the levers which impel the punches to the sample
placed at the opposite side of the pulley box of the ordinary reading; the
punching of the design is then effected as usual.
In the readings called revolving or accelerated readings, corresponding to
the several numbers of jacquard needles, I cause the paper to be impelled by
leading wheels, the cogs of which enter the edges previously punched for that
purpose. This edge-punching machine is simply an apparatus pretty similar to
the present one, and has punches only at the sides. Several holes should be
punched one before the other in one direction of the length of the paper; a
single lever is thus sufficient to punch a number of holes at once.
The appa-
ratus is composed of two main cast-iron pieces a and 6; the first is fixed, the
other can have a motion round an axis c, so that they can be taken apart for
repairs. The paper is made to progress between the perforated plates d, d, by
the motion of the driving wheels p. A set of punches h goes through the
holes of the plates, which punches are set in motion by the levers m; they
correspond to the string of the pulley case leading to the sample. o, sheet iron
Jugs, screwed fast on the upper piece b, and serving as bearings for the levers
m. After each punching stroke the paper must advance a length precisely
equal to that measured beforehand. This forward motion is obtained in a way
similar to that formerly described for the weaving apparatus, by means of a
trundle wheel and catching hooks. The conducting wheels p are on a shaft r;
the trundle t is placed at the end of this shaft; its function is to regulate at
cach punching the forward motion & the paper by means of the roller', which
alternately places itself between the cog pins of the trundle.
The motion is imparted to the trundle by depressing or by raising the
treade v; any of the catches y, z, hooking the pins causes the motion; the
catches being constantly kept on the pins by springs c¹ fixed on the treadle or
lever, so that when one of them is acting, the other is pushed back by the

page_text: little spur g', as may be seen. The normal motion of the apparatus is pro-
duced by depressing the treadle or lever v. The reverse or retrograde motion
is produced by lifting the levers up.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Jean Baptiste Acklin, in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 28th November 1855.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JEAN
BAPTISTE ACKLIN, of Paris, in the Empire of France, Practical Engineer,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-ninth day of May, One thousand
eight hundred and fifty-five, in the eighteenth year of Her reign, did,
for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said
Jean Baptiste Acklin, Her special license that I, the said Jean Baptiste
Acklin, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the
said Jean Baptiste Acklin, my executors, administrators, and assigns,
should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at
all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully
might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MODE OF SUBSTITUTING PAPER TO PASTEBOARDS IN
JACQUARD LOOMS," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said
Jean Baptiste Acklin, by an instrument in writing under my hand and seal,
should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention,
and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same.
to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar inonths next
und immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Jean Baptiste Acklin, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to bo particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:
The first part of my improvements consists in the disposition of a machine
or apparatus applied to the jacquard looms, in consequence of which I am
enabled to use light sheets of paper instead of the comparatively heavy and
cumbersonio pasteboards used in the said looms for manufacturing ornamented
fabrics.

page_text: The second part of my Invention refers to an apparatus for punching the
paper used in my weaving process.
One of the great desiderata in using paper for the purpose above mentioned
was a contrivance by means of which the organs of the apparatus could be
made to correspond with the jacquard needles, which especially in old looms
are always so unsteady. In my process, this is accomplished by fixing my
apparatus in a steady manuer on the frame of the loom, instead of having it
moveable between guides or other arrangements provided for the purpose.
The annexed Drawings represent both my weaving and paper-punching
apparatus. Plates I., II., III., IV., and V. relate to the weaving, and Plates
VI. and VII. to the punching apparatus.
Plate I. Fig. 1, side view of the apparatus. a, a, part of the frame of a
jacquard loom; b', jacquard needles; b, b, small board of the needles; c, c,
cast-iron side frame plate of the apparatus; c', apperture for attaching the
moveable pieces "at i; c", bearing of the slider i; d, guide, cast in one piece
with the plate c; d', spherical roller of the slider i; e, e, slider, with an
inclined or curvilinear part e, e¹; it moves within the guides d, giving motion
to the needles and causing the hooks to rise; f. f', curvilinear stoppers,
which are acted upon by the incline e' of the slider e; e", stub actuating the
pressure lever ; g, lifting spring which keeps the stopper f¹ up; h, rocking
bearing of the stoppers; h', axle of the needles' lifting piece, for the purpose
of drawing the said needles out of the holes of the paper; h", bearing piece
of the axle h'; i, i, side slider, putting in motion a set of bars pushing the
hitting rods h, which rods push the jacquard needles and likewise the repelling
plate f, which causes the hitting rods to start back; i, i, forked part of the
slider i, maintaining it against the plate c; ", fastening point of the slider i
at the rocking piece h; j, trundle wheel, cast in one piece with the shaft and
wheels, and guiding the spring chains and paper; j', covering plate of the
trundle pins; ", shaft of the cylinder, supporting the lower plate on which
the paper slides; k, pins of the trundle wheel; A, knob or handle thereof;
1. 1, cast-iron or brass bearing; P, bearing lug of the cope o of a roller n,
which keeps the trandle wheel steady; ", eccentric tubular spindle; m, cover;
m", stub of the bearing; m², wedge of the bearing, used to raise it up to a
suitable position, and to stop and keep it there steadily by means of the stub
m in a notch cut in the plate c; p, helical spring of the catch roller n, made
fast on the bearing and drawing the trundle; q, raising handle, used for throw-
ing the catch roller out of gear; r, sliding piece, which, hitting the kuce s,
actuates the hooks t and t¹; t, hook for the normal work of the machine;
t', hook for backing; u, rocking piece for working backwards; u', spring of

page_text: the said piece, for keeping the machine in its normal state; v, pulling string
of the rocking piece u, for working backwards; a, spring chain with cogs
engaged in the holes of the wheels as of the shaft ", and driving the paper
in which the said cogs are engaged, also in suitable holes punched near both
edges and at the centre; x, spring chain, with perforations placed between
the paper and the opposite plate for preventing it from being worn out by
friction; y, y, hitting piece, fixed on the shaft, used for throwing the roller
n in and out of gear; z. piece used for raising up the catch roller n, ór
setting the trundle free. w, lever actuated by the roller of the curvilinear
slider e, which pushes on the knees, for the purpose of raising the hooks t, t¹,
and acting instead of the hitting slider r when the slider e is provided with a
roller e, as seen in Fig. 1, Plate V.
Figure 2, internal side view of the apparatus. a, a², wheel with perforations,
cast in one piece with the shaft of the trundle; 6, 6, ribs or flanges of the
cast-iron frame plate, on which the plate-iron cross pieces c³, &, are attached
to form a frame; d, d, lugs or forked pieces cast together with the plate c; 1
they serve as guides to the slider i. e, perforated plate, fixed firmly at the
lugs d; the hitting rods cross in the perforations of the said plate. f, similar
perforated plate, fixed on the slider i for drawing the hitting rods back; g³,
under metallic plate over the cylinder, and provided at its centre with rollers
for the purpose of supporting it on the wheel a², situated on the middle part
of the shaft; h, upper plate of a similar nature, placed at a short distance
from the former, so as to leave a free passage for the punched paper between
them, and to limit the puckering of that paper, and thus counteract the effect
of its dilatation; g, h, widening of the said plates for the passage of the
actuating spring chains; h", bolt which maintains both plates together by
passing like a bayonet joint under the heads of screws attached to the under
plate, guiding plate of the needles with conoidal perforations; ", grooved
rib of the under plate for the passage of the teeth of the spring chain; 3, rest-
of the plate ; k³, ribbed plate, for raising the needles up and hitting rods
attached thereto; &, stopping cross piece, which unites the side plates together.
to form a solid frame; m³, notch to fix the set of bars in; n³, upper and
lower ends of the needles of the apparatus; o², boss of the slider i, for fixing
the pulling bar p; prepps of the set of bars attached on one side at the
pulling bar på, and on the other to the set of bars or its case. The two latter
pieces serve to consolidate and to maintain the set of bars in a parallel position
when bearing against the hitting rods, needles, and belical spring of the
jacquard loom. In all the other Figures the same letters indicate the same
pieces as in Fig. 1.

page_text: Fig. 3, contrivance by means of which the catching roller is prevented from
raising, the wheel of the cylinder from turning, and the paper from moving
forward without taking the needles out of the perforations by the raising of the
lifting bar, in order that the paper may not be torn when it is pushed in or out,
or partially removed from its place when the wheel is set in motion by the
handle o, lengthening of the catching roller's cop; p', moveable sliding
catch used as a stop between the catch o' and the screw head ; s, lever of
the axle k, provided with a screw, the body of which passes through the slider
of the catch, which is pushed back from under the head of the screw st, which
allows then the catch to rise. The other letters indicate the same pieces as the
former Figures.
Plate II. Fig. 1 and 2, side and front views of the middle wheel, and of the
double-toothed chain, and also of the plate strengthenings. *, strengthening of
the upper plate for the grooved passage of the teeth; t, ditto, ditto, lower ditto,
ditto, ditto; v, double-toothed spring chain, the teeth of which enter the wheel on
one side and the paper on the other side; a, a, lugs or copes, cast in one piece
with the plate g, 9", for receiving the resting rollers y, y, of the said plate.
The other letters represent the corresponding pieces as in the other Figures.
Fig. 3, section of the central cast-iron forked piece uniting the lower cross
frame piece of the set of bars, which cross piece is cut in that place for the
passage of the single spring chain. s, central cast-iron forked piece; t, t, main
bars of the frame; u, u, stopping bars;,, small boards on which the ends
of the hitting rods rest when not in motion; x², a³, stays of the small resting
boards of the central forked piece; a³, screws of the said stays; y², y, stiffening
of the forked piece for the purpose of strengthening the frame of the set of
bars. Figure 4, plan of the central forked piece.
Fig. 5, front view of the apparatus. a³, a³, lower position of jacquard's lifting
bar; b, upper ditto, ditto, ditto; c, c, cramps of the curvilinear sliders e, which
are fixed to the case of the jacquard lifting bar; d³, cramps of the side plates
to fix the apparatus on the jacquard; e, lifting kuce of the plate ; e, pressure
lever of the knee ; f³, guide of the plate, with a recess for its passage;
f part of a plate with oblong holes, which may be substituted to the resting
boards and to the raising piece ; ., heads of the hitting rods which push
the jacquard needles; their effect is to prevent the said needles from escaping,
as if there were only rods opposite to each other; h³, h, body of the hitting
rods, the end of which is filed off in a conical shape, and the small end of which
is only half the diameter of the larger end or base. This rod might have an
insure the passage of the
oval instead of a conical shape, the object being to
rods in the space between the bars, and to prevent them catching the edges.

page_text: , stays of the hitting bars, by which they are united to each other and kept at
an equal distance; ", stays of the small boards v, v³, for the same purpose as
the stays of the hitting bars; , cast-iron case of the set of bars, which being
fastened by screws to the thick bars t² forms a frame; j's, footing of the cases
screwed fast to the upper bar t. The other letters have the same meaning as
those in the first Figures.
Fig. 6, k, front view of a needle with its ring for the passage of the hitting
rods; , side view of the same needle with a hitting rod through the ring.
Fig. 7, front view of a differently shaped case for the frame of the bars.
This case m³ is lengthened so as to be fastened by the screws n³ to the slider i.
The other letters are as in the former Figures.
Fig. 8, view of the paper. 0, folded edge, forming a chain for catching the
teeth of the spring chains at the ends of the cylinder; o, middle chain, lined
either with an ordinary tape or with a band of paper, in which the teeth of the
middle spring chain are engaged. The paper may be colored from place to
place at a distance of every half inch or centimeter, in order to facilitate the
verification of the punching, and to watch its progress through the apparatus.
Fig. 9, plan of the new side case (seen in front, Fig. 7). The letters are the
same as in the preceding Figures.
Plate III. Fig. 1, interior side view, parallel system, represented at rest, the
lifting bar being up. a, screw pin with a nut, to unite the stopping bars u²
in the stay ; c, pin of the resting boards ; d'³, punched paper sliding
between the plates and h³; n's, small iron rods or separating rods, for the
purpose of preventing the needles from bending or being carried off; ", ver-
tical rods fixed to the plates and, the use of which is to retain the rods
which are outside of the needles; p', helical springs to keep the set of moveable
bars up. The other letters are the same as in the former Figures.
Figure 1, fragment of a plate with oblong holes, and which may be substi-
tuted to the resting boards (parallel system). Figure 2, interior side view, the
same system as the preceding one, in motion, the lifting bar being down. The
letters are the same as in the former Figures.
Plate IV.: Figure 1, interior side view, diverging system, with the horizontal
and parallel bars and resting boards. The letters are the same as in the former
Figures.
Figure 2, interior side view, being the same system as the preceding one,
but the bars and resting boards are diverging according to the direction of the
hitting rods. The letters are the same as in the former Figures.
Figure 2, fragment of a plate with oblong holes which may be substituted
to the resting boards (diverging system).

page_text: Plate V. Figure 1, side view, and Figure 2, end view, of another mode
of movement. Figure 1, a', horizontal connecting rod, united at the point
of junction " of the slider, and hanging on the suspension rod ; b, curvi-
linear angle block, forming part of the horizontal rod a'; by its peculiar
shape it causes the to and fro motion of the slider i, which drives the set
of bars and the repelling plate of the hitting rods, when the roller passes
on its curvilinear edge; d', knee piece, screwed tight on the sliding piece e
and bearing the roller . An oblong notch is cut at din the said knee
to permit it to move away more or less from the angle block b', thus afford-
ing more or less amplitude to the motion of i". The position of the piece d'
is determined not only by the screw d", but also by another screw d" set
across a collar, which is a part of the knee d', and is screwed in another
screw-threaded collar belonging to the slider e. f, curvilinear lever of the
needle lifting piece; g', driving pin or block, which, as it rises with the slider
e, sets the lever f in motion; h, guiding piece for maintaining the lever f*;
*, bent connecting rod of the lever factuating the crank * of the lifting
piece; k, shaft of the needle lifting piece; 1, lever placed under the lifting
piece, which it actuates by mere contact; but when the action of the
lifting piece and resting boards of the set of bars are replaced by the plate
with oblong holes f", (Plate II., Figure 5,) connecting rods may be attached to
the said levers l', and to the lower edge of the plate. This disposition may be
employed when the raising shaft is not to be connected with the cases of the set
of bars. When such a disposition is adopted, the connecting rods just men-
tioned may be suppressed. The shaft and arms of levers being reversed, the
latter will pass either in the holes or small stirups fixed to the plate fa. t, lift
on the shaft ; ut, connecting rod for transmitting the motion of the lift t' to
the lever v'; v', lever which actuates the bearing 1; a, point of junction of the
lever with the bearing; ', spring for raising the cylinder. The other
letters have the same meaning as before. Figure 2, end view, with the same
letters.
Figure 3, plan of a part of the apparatus; the hitting rods, needles, and
other organs are seen sideways. The letters are the same as in the former
Figures.
The following Figures of Plate V. relate to the sundry applications of the
spring chain as a means of transmitting motion:-Figure 4, plan of a spring
chain actuated by a pinion; a. spring chain, with teeth on the edge; b. teeth
rivetted on the blade of the spring; c, pinion gearing with the spring.
Figure 5, elevation of the same pieces. Figure 6. side view of a spring chain,
with teeth on both faces, and actuated by a tooth wheel; d, d, blade spring; e. e.

page_text: curved teeth; ff, flat teeth overlapping the wheel g, with which they gear.
Figure 7, end view of the same pieces; the same letters having the samé
meaning. Figures 8, 9, 10, and 11, views of transmissions and reversions of
notions, effected by means of the spring chain instead of by means of distant
bevel wheels. Figure 8, plan of a system in which the wheel is provided with
holes bored around the edge and the spring with teeth. Figure 9, elevation of
Figure 8. h, actuating shaft and wheel; i, i, endless spring chain; j and k, first
and second wheels, running in an opposite direction to the actuating wheel;
7, third wheel, running in an opposite direction to j and k; m, upper bearings;
n, lower bearings. Figures 10 and 11, plan and elevation of a similar system, in
which the spring chains are perforated and the wheels have teeth. Figure 12;
front view of a bearing chair of the shafts.
Punching apparatus, Plates VI. and VII. This apparatus, especially con-
trived for punching the paper used in the weaving machine represented in
Plates 1. to V., is used for reading and punching that paper according to any
pattern.
Plate VI. Figure 1, lateral section of the apparatus. a, cast-iron stand of
the machine; b, second cast-iron piece, moveable around the axle b' of a as a
hinge; c, tightening wrench of the axle b¹; this wrench must not be taken off'; it
is fixed at c' in a groove by a small screw nut; d, cast-iron stand, answering the
purpose of bearings for the finger boards, and for the lifts of their lifting pieces;
this latter piece is attached to 6 by screws; e, e, brass pieces or plates, between
which the paper and spring chains slide; the lower plate el is lengthened by
another brass plate e as far as the board f. ff. ends of the plates e, e,
jointed in hinge way; f", board lengthening the plate el where the paper
enters the apparatus; y, squeezer or bolt, stopping the ends of the hinge
plates ff; 9'9', squeezing wedges (seen only on Plate VII.); h, brass guiding
plate, through which the punches i play; the said punches i go through the
plates e, e, and the guiding plate h. j, tie piece of the plates e, h, to maintain
the said plate and to keep the punches free from dust; j', knee-shaped plate,
to restrain the lifting of the levers actuated by the finger pieces; ", stopping
bar, to limit the lift of the same levers; k, protecting bar of the punches, to
prevent them from getting out of the ends of the levers 7, made of sheet iron,
connected to the finger boards by the rods m; l', axis or fulcrum of the levers;
', sheet-iron piece, screwed tight on the piece band bearing the axis of the
levers; m, m, connecting rods of the levers 1; n, upper keys or first finger
board; n', lower keys or second finger beard; n", ", ais of the keys; r, tooth
spring chains, doing the same work as in the weaving apparatus; p.p, rollers
bearing on the spring chain to maintain it flat down; p', grooved roller:

page_text: actuating the spring chain; r, fore part of the wooden frame, supporting the
springs and key lifts, and also the blocks r', on which the finger pieces v, v, are
bearing; 8, s, lifts of the raising pieces of the keys; s', s', their axis; s", 8",
stopping bolts, to maintain the axis s', s', of the key-lifting pieces in notches
cut into the cast-iron piece d; t, t, lifting bars, attached to the lifts s, 8; t', t,
helical springs, attached on one side to the frame r by u, u, screwed fast on the
frame, and on the other to the lifts 8, 8; v, v, elbowed iron-wire pins, going
through the keys n, n', and thus showing which of them has been acted upon;
v, wooden rule, for the purpose of bringing down at once all the pins v, v, of
the keys which have been acted upon; ", helical spring, keeping the rule v
up; ", guiding rod set across the spring "; a, small guiding piece for the
rod "; y, friction forked needles, tied to the end of the keys of the upper
finger board by smaller needles y', which play freely in the perforated end of
each key; y", double-elbowed guiding brass plate for the needles y;=, back
frame, bearing the plate y", used as a desk for the design paper; a*, wheel,
perforated at the edge catching the spring chain o; &, shaft of the wheel a",
and of the trundle wheel d, which regulates the progress of the paper;
, bearings of the shaft ; e, pins of the trundle wheel; f, finger key, moving
round a centre g to impart motion to the trundle by means of catches; f,
spring to bring the key f back in a horizontal position; ho, h, catches acting
on the pins of the trundle; h, serves for the normal running, and h' for the
back running, plate of the key f*; j³, recess made in the sole plate or
footing of the stand a of the machine. This recess permits a motion to be
given to the key f*, either by raising it up or pressing it down; h, k, stops of
the key f; k, k, stops of the catches; *,, steel springs, the purpose of
which is that the catches may permanently bear on the stops ³, *, and be
ready to set the trundle in motion on either way; mo, m*, rollers for regulating
exactly the position of the trundle, by catching alternately between the pins of
the said trundle; *,, copes of the rollers which run on the axis o, o*; p², p*,
moveable pieces around the axis 1,, for regulating the position of the rollers
and copes;,, oblong apertures of the pieces p, for regulating exactly their
respective positions; t, spring, consisting of a set of spring blades to pull down
the rollers on the trundle wheel after the passage of each pin; a, notched
sheet-iron piece, for throwing the rollers m, m, out of gear; that piece moves
on an axis . Figure 1 is a lateral view of the movement for regulating
the progress of the paper.
Plate VII. is a front view of the whole machine, the same letters having
the same meaning for all the pieces. In my weaving process the jacquard
needles instead of receiving their starting or releasing motion at their extremity,

page_text: are, as it were, lengthened by other needles or rods with large heads, which I
call hitting rods, the stems of which are actuated at the opposito end by vertical
needles standing on the paper or entering the holes punched through it, and
which put them in communication with accurately regulated organs, which
compel them to do their work with great precision. This result could not
be attained by impelling directly the jacquard needles on account of their
instability, as I have already said.
The organ which causes the precise motion of the hitting rods against the
jacquard needles is a set of horizontal bars, equal in number to the rows of the
said needles or hitting rods, since the latter are only prolongations of them.
The said bars are set at equal distances over one another, so as to allow, if
necessary, the passage of the hitting rods between them. This combination of
bars, which I call set of bars, is fixed on each side upon a sliding piece, which
plays in a straight horizontal alternating motion within the apparatus against
the two side frame plates. Curvilinear vertical slides fixed on the case of the
lift bar, and moving together with the latter, sets in motion side sliders, and
also the set of bars attached to the latter.
When by the effect of the perforated or of the solid parts of the paper the
vertical needles raise up more or less the stems of the hitting rods, some of
which are then at the same height as the said bars and others opposite the
empty spaces, the set of bars being set in motion horizontally towards the
jacquard, the bars repel the corresponding hitting rods, and at the same time
the jacquard needles which are prolongations of the hitting rods. Those of the
hitting rods which are opposite to the spaces in the stopping bars remain
motionless at their respective places, maintained by the helical springs which
are pushing the jacquard needles.
Precision in the work may also be obtained by keeping the cylinder motion-
less, and imparting motion to the vertical needles, by raising them by their
heads by means of a flat rule, provided with a thick moulding to prevent its
bending; by means of such a rule all the needles and their hitting rods may
be thus raised with precision and exactly to the same height. By that arrange-
ment the needles may be drawn through holes almost as small as the needles
themselves, and quite near the paper, instead of leaving them projecting, which
might cause a deviation in their direction; whereas by the above arrangement,
if it should even happen that from some accident or other the needles should
become bent, their end will nevertheless reach the centre of the holes of the
paper. The above arrangement, moreover, shelters them from damage, when
for some reason the roller of the machine has to be withdrawn.
In order to make sure that the vertical needles have completely cleared the

page_text: plate of the cylinder, and thus avoid all chance of tearing the paper, the
cylinder may be lowered a little, about 1 of an inch. This lowering motion
is produced by the mechanism drawn in red lines, Fig. 1, Pl. V., which consists
in a lift t, fixed to the axis k of the raising piece; a rod u' connecting the
handle to the lever, which lever is attached at a with the upper part
of the bearing ; a spring y keeps the cylinder up. The motion of this
mechanism takes place at the same time as that of the raising piece, by
which the needles are taken out of the paper.
A more certain means of taking out the needles from the paper, however,
consists in substituting to the later a vertical plate, similar to those f
(Fig. 2, Pl. I.,) pierced with oblong holes, which allow the hitting rods to
take any required position for meeting the catching bars, the hitting rods
being raised by this plate, so as to draw the needles out about or of an
inch above the paper; in that caso the work of the hitting rods and vertical
needles being performed by the plate with oblong holes, the rule 2 should be
fixed to the rest j, so as to be motionless.
This new disposition does not require new organs to actuate this piece,
which is simply driven by the lifts of the raising piece * (Pl. V.) This
kind of grate, which is placed between the needles and the set of bars, might
be put on the other side of the needles, for instance, at o, as in Fig. 2, Pl. III.
One of the most delicate operations is certainly the driving of the paper by
means of the cylinder, and hitherto the wheels employed catching in were
provided with only a few teeth, catching the paper and guiding it in a straight
line, which is the most suitable way, as by that means the paper itself could
rectify the variations of extent to which atmospheric changes subject it, and
which interfere with its position in reference to the holes of the needles. A
most important desideratum was therefore to preserve the planary position of
the paper to the greatest possible extent, in order that the changes caused by
its unevenuess or puckering might be so rectified or divided so as to cause the
holes of that paper to correspond with the needles of the apparatus. By
placing the cylinder of the jacquard loom at a distance this condition is secured;
for if the paper were nearer, it would have to describe an abrupt curve on
issuing from between the plates, a circumstance which would completely oppose
the subdivision of the puckers of the paper.
An orgau called spring chain, and which is quite new, is seen in Pl. V.,
Fig. 4 to 11; it is provided with teeth like a wheel, and allows many teeth to
become at once engaged into the paper, just as if it had to pass round a tooth
wheel, which would of course maintain it in a perfectly flat state. A second
perforated spring actuated by the teeth of the former is intended to prevent

page_text: the
paper from rubbing on the upper plate of the cylinder. The shaft with
the trundle and wheels are cast in one piece; the first is stiffened by suitable
mouldings.
Several parts of this machine are composed of dillerent organs, which
modify some points of the system. They vary according to the kind of work
which the apparatus has to perform. Such are, for instance, the disposition
which I call the diverging system, Pl. IV., Fig. 2b, where the ends of the
hitting rods, being wider apart, facilitate their entrance between the bars; the
latter being also thicker, as is the case in the common system, which I call
parallel system, Fig. 1bis, Pl. III., in contradistinction to the diverging system.
By the parallel system, the catching of the hitting rods when they are
opposite the bars is rendered more certain. It is especially in the machines
with a great many threads in the warp that the diverging system will be em-
ployed with advantage. A double-tooth spring, seen on Fig. 1 and 2, Pl. II.,
at v, might be used for catching the wheel and paper; it might even be
employed for the three wheels, if necessary. The paper should at first be
coloured of any tint by transverse bands of about one centimetre, as seen,
Fig. 8, Pl. II. This disposition helps to verify the punching, and during the
work on the loom the weaver may at pleasure ascertain the progress of the
paper as he drives it by the back motion of the hooks.
A disposition entirely new, avoiding one of the greatest obstacles attending
the use of paper for weaving, is the one which prevents beating on parts
punched all across (there never is any "coup matrice"), the effect of which is
to weaken considerably the paper on one point; thus, for instance, when on a
machine of 600 needles there is a lift of 595 hooks, the paper is ordinarily
punched with 595 holes, which of course weaken it considerably at that part.
This serious inconvenience is avoided by the moveableness of the set of bars,
the object of which is to reverse the effects, and then instead of punching 595
holes only 5 need be punched. This effect is produced in the following
manner: The bars, as already stated, are to push forward the hitting rods,
which rods are only prolongations of the jacquard needles. Under every stop-
ping bar there is a space equal to its thickness, and when a bitting rod is lifted
by the missing of a perforation through the paper it is then situated as high
as the bars at their normal position. On the contrary, when the hitting bars;
the needles of which have found a passage through the perforrations of the
paper, are opposite to the spaces left between the bars, their set in progressing
onwards pushes them in, and thus causes the hooks of the jacquard to recede,
whilst those opposite to the spaces not moving at all, their corresponding
hooks are raised by the lift bar.

page_text: From what I have said it may be seen that the ordinary effect produced by
the cards on the needles is obtained, namely, that the perforations cause the
hooks to be raised, and the unperforated spaces push those same hooks out of
the reach of the lifting bar. If we now suppose the set of bars to be down,
so that the stopping bars may occupy the place of the empty spaces, and the
latter the place of the bars, a reversing effect will be produced, caused by the
-holes of the papers, the full spaces causing the effects of the empty spaces in
ordinary cases, and vice versa. In order to understand this better, let us sup-
poso that some of the hitting rods are raised as high as the empty spaces which
actually exist at the place where the bars are, and that the holes of the paper
have some hitting rods opposite the bars which are down; it is evident that
when the set of bars advancing towards the hitting rods will push in those
the needles of which have entered the holes of the paper, and will leave
untouched, those the needles of which will not have found a passage through.
If, therefore, in a machine of 600 needles, there are at this place 5 holes
in the paper, 5 hooks will be pushed forward, and the 595 remaining hooks
corresponding to the 595 unperforated places of the paper and to the spaces
between the bars will remain motionless,, and accordingly will be raised by the
jacquard lifting bar. The raising or lowering motion of the set of bars will
be determined by the preceding beating stroke, produced by means of elbowed
picces and levers connected to a hook of the machine. When reading the
pattern, care must be taken to punch the hole corresponding to the hook
chosen for working this stop; two hooks may be used, the one for raising,
the other for lowering.

page_text: as many holes as there are needles, is attached to the slider 2; the said per-
forations are about 3/16 of an inch in diameter, so as to allow the jacquard
needles to slide freely within. The object of the said plate is to bring the
hitting rods back to their respective places. The set of bars is attached at
m2, and is seen Fig. 1, Pl. III.; the function of this organ is to push the
hitting rods h³, which rods impel the jacquard needles. The set of bars, per-
forming one of the most important parts of the machine, must be very stout,
since it has to sustain the resistance of the many needles or helical springs
which repel them. d, Fig. 2, Pl. I., are lugs cast in one piece with the side
plate c. A perforated plate of sheet iron is fixed on the lugs d²; the perfora-
tions of the said plate are a little more than two millimetres in diameter, and
serve for the passage of the stems of the hitting rods, seen Fig. 1, Plate III.
The trundle wheel of the cylindrical shaft is seen Fig. 1, Plate I.; this trundle
is nctuated by hooks t, t', which work as those of the jacquard's loom. The
swing or rocking piece u brings either of the said hooks into play by pulling
the string v; the spring u¹ brings back the swing at its natural position. The
elbowed piece s. which is actuated by the slide-stopping piece r, fixed to the
curvilinear slider e, impels the hooks t, t, at the moment when as it moves
forward it arrives at the point where it is represented. The roller n, having
its cope o fixed at the bearing lug . acts as a catch on the pins k of the
trundle wheel j. The exact positions of this catching roller may be regulated
by a concentric axis ", composed of a tube with an eccentric hole on which
the cope o can move. This excentric tube is maintained in its position by a
setting screw. The helical spring p. attached to the axis of the roller and to
the bearing, causes the latter to exert a pressure which is necessary to keep
the trundle steady after each motion given by any of the hooks. To let the
trundle loose the roller n must be kept up, and this is done by shifting to the
left the raising handle q. which has an eccentric notch on its axis, and passes.
under a pin placed in the cope o of the roller, or by pushing the piece, but
before doing this the treadle must always be lowered. When the papers.
required to be put in or out quicker than with the catching books t, t, the,
trundle wheel is loosened by keeping up the roller with the knob k', fixed.
outside of the trundle, and used as a handle; the wheel is then moved in the
required side. In this operation, as in that by which the jacquard cards are
taken out, the treadle must be at first lowered, in order that the needles may-
be disengaged from the paper, and that the paper may not be torn by them.
The spring chains may be disposed in several ways above or under the paper.
Figure 1 and 2, Plate I., and Figure 5, Plate H., represent the first of these
positions; they are passing in notches h" of the upper plate h³; the teeth of the

page_text: Sam spring chams eaten the wheels a The paper is caught by the teeth
in the whole planary length of the springs, and passes between the latter and
the wheels. In order to avoid the rubbing on the plates at 9, perforated
spring chains should be placed on the side of the lower plate, as seen in a³,
Figure ?. The teeth of the spring chains might be placed in zig-zag in lieu of
being in a same line, for the purpose of lessening the chances of tearing the
chain of the paper. A space being necessary for the passage of the spring
catching the middle wheel, part of the bars and of the resting boards have
been cut off and united by a forked box 82, as seen in Figure 3, Plate II.: these
united pieces are nearly similar to the box ; the rafters y serve to make it
solid. A double-toothed spring chain, as seen Figure 1 and 2, Plate II., would
avoid this adjusting combination; the inward teeth of the spring catching the
wheel, and the outward ones catching the paper. Suitable grooves should be
cut into the upper and lower plates for the passage of the teeth. The set of
bars is composed of a frame formed of two cast-iron boxes or cases, and
large bars ; in this frame there are 8 or 12 other grooved bars n³; "their
number is variable, according to the rows of jacquard needles; two rows are
represented on the Drawing. The said bars are united with each other by a
screw pin a, b, Figure 1, Plate 11., and by bent sheet-iron tie pieces . A side
and front view thereof are given in Figure 5, I'l. II. This set of bars is kept
in place against the vertical bottom of the boxes, and maintained by the pro-
longations of the tie pieces against the larger bars t; those two bearings are
intended to prevent the receding and getting out of the frame. A suitable
space is left to allow of this set of bars being lowered, so that the empty spaces
may be filled in a vertical direction by the bars themselves, in order that the
reversing effect already spoken of may be produced. Small sheet-iron resting
boards are attached to the boxes of the frame; their extremities pass through
clefts made in the side of the boxes. This side is perforated through down-
wards, and the hole is provided with a pin for the purpose of stretching the
resting boards. Sheet-iron tie pieces i, provided with notches for the pur-
pose of receiving the ends of the resting boards, keep them parallel to each
other. The said resting boards serve to support the ends of the hitting rods h³
when at rest, as seen Fig. 1, Plt. III. These hitting rods are made of iron
wire: the end which rests on the boards is filed off in the shape of a trun-
cated cone; the other end, supported by the plate c, is provided with a small
riveted rundle; instead of a riveted rundle the wire rod might be flattened
like the head of a nail. The stems of the hitting rods are set across the rings
of the needles n².
Figure 6, Plate II., are views of two vertical needles; the one l³ seen in front

page_text: with its ring for the passage of the stem of a hitting rod; the other one is
a side view, showing it with a piece of the hitting rod h³ through the ring.
The ring of the needles is formed by curling the wire several times round.
The top of the needle is elbowed, so as to have a head for allowing the raising
piece to lift up the needles if required. The needles may be tinned or
galvanized over, so that the several curls of the wire just mentioned may form
one solid mass. Small free pieces of wire n' are placed between the needles.
in a vertical position, for the purpose of preventing the latter from deviating;
the pieces of wire which are outside of the needles are maintained by vertical
rods . The ribbed plate , called needle lifting piece, is actuated by the
elbowed pieces or knees e³, the lever e³, and catching bit or stud " (argot)
fixed to the curvilinear slider e. This raising plate is steady if the other
system already mentioned is applied. It consists in a sheet-iron plate, part
of which is represented Fig. 1 bis, Pl. III.; Fig. 2 bis, Pl. IV., and at f³,
Fig. 5, Pl. II. This plate is put at the place of the ribs of the tie pieces of
the resting boards '; it performis the work of the resting boards v³, which
may then be suppressed; at the same time it serves to raise the needles.
Its base is provided with rods which cross through the larger lower bar * (in
Fig. 1 bis, Pl. III., and Fig. 2 bis, Pl. IV). The red lines represent a side
view of these rods).
At the top at each end of the middle forked piece there are slots in which
set screws are passing, and which are loose enough to allow an alternate
motion of the vertical plate. Open and hinged clamps provided with a pin
are fixed to the lift l' of the shaft k, Fig. 1, Pl. V. But this shaft, in lieu of
being placed on the side plate, is placed on the box j"; the lifts or arms are
thus placed in an opposite direction. The actuating rod i must be grooved, on
account of the motion of the box, and of a suflicient length.
Although the piece be no longer used for raising the needles, the latter.
are still provided with an elbowed head, for the purpose of maintaining them
at their place when certain pieces are removed to undergo repairs. The bar P,
Figure 2, and following, is intended to connect the side plates or tic pieces; it
also serves to limit the highest motion of the raising piece or of the needles.
is a vertical rest, the upper part of which is fixed to the side plates, which
have projecting lugs cast with them. The said rest is fixed by a straddling on
the bar P, as seen on the annexed Drawings; a ribbed guiding plate is fixed
at its lower end. This plate is perforated with convidal holes, through which
the lower end of the needles passes, which end is touching the upper plate
of the compound piece called cylinder, which is composed, first, of the shaft
wheels and trundle, cast all together; 2d, of the bearings l, m, which have a
B 2

page_text: footing at their lower part, as seen in all the Figures where such bearing is
represented; 3rd, of the catching roller n, o; 4th, of the actuating spring p;
5th, of the upper and lower plates 92, h²; at last of all the pieces which stick
together when the wedges m' are taken away. The guiding plates and the
cylinder's plates should accurately correspond; and in order to insure this,
slightly conical holes are pierced at both ends of the guiding plate, in which
tooth pins fixed at the upper plate h³ are engaged. The plates of the cylinder,
instead of being narrower in the spaces between the spring chains than at the
place where the latter pass, may be of an equal breadth in their whole length;
in that case the bent edges g³, h², are at 92, h. The shaft of the cylinder
supports all the pieces belonging to its system, namely, the centre of the lower
plate g², g; the precision of the raising up of the hitting rods depends upon.
the rigorously planary state of this plate. In order that the said hitting rods
may be perfectly opposite to the bars or the empty places for that purpose, the
said plate is provided with small copes a and bearing rollers y, which rest on
the centre wheel, Fig. 1, 2, and 5, Pl. II. The space between the central wheel
and those at the end of the cylinder never being very great, the mouldings or
bent corners of the plates cannot maintain it in a suitable rectilinear state. In
the machines with a great number of needles there are several places which
have no needles at all; several spots in the vertical rows are left without holes
for the purpose of stringing the cards together; the constructor may therefore
take advantage of that state of things, and cast on the shaft of the cylinder as
many wheels as there are free spaces, such wheels performing the same office
as the middle one.
Fig. 7, Pl. II., is another system of case or frame for uniting the bars.
It differs from that which I have already described in this: in the first system
the bar is fixed to the slides i, whilst in the latter the case is lengthened, so
as to be screwed fast upon the slider with screws n³. In this system the case
and set of bars are in solid connection with the sliders i, which is maintained
by them without the help of any other piece, unless the jacquard to which the
machine is applied is intended for weaving stout fabrics, such as carpets or
other fabrics of that kind, and unless also the machine be for a great many
Wap.In some cases the setting up might consist of mere props of of hunt
sheet iron pieces, placed on each side below the boxes, and at the widening o
of the sliders . This mode of setting up is good only when double-toothed
spring chains (which does not require the cutting off of the lower part of the
set of bars) are employed.
Fig. 3, Pl. V., is the plan of a portion of the apparatus in which all the
chief pieces are seen. Two remarks must be made; first, the disposition of

page_text: the perforations in the plates, and which is the same as on the paper; secondly,.
the divergence of part of the hitting rods, resulting from the arrangement.
of the holes.
Fig. 5, Pl. II., shows the positions of the hitting rods on a machine having
twelve rows of holes. The disposition called diverging system is applied
especially to the machines working heavy pieces. The divergence or obliquity
of the hitting rods is calculated so as not to cause deviations from the hori
zontal direction; the practice will guide in the arrangement of the hitting rods.
In such cases the deviation we have adopted is of about 12 millimeters for the
twelve rows of hitting rods; all the rest is exactly the same in the machine as
for the one previously described, and which I call parallel system.
The paper
is caught at the edges and centre by the spring chains which
impel it. I have already stated that dampness or moisture produces puckers.
or undulations in the paper. In order to distribute in an equal mauner the
increase in the length, which is the consequence of that effect, and which
would produce inaccuracies in the pattern, I cause the paper to pass between
two guiding plates of perforated metal, as stated before, and in such a
way that
the perforations of the paper may correspond to those of the metallic plates,
and of the needles of the hitting rods. The obliqueness of the perforations
of the paper is of no effect in such cases, for the needles being always guided
in a straight direction by the upper plate, and the holes of the paper being
larger than the needles, the pointed end of the latter cannot fail entering them.
At the centre and edges of the paper, where it is caught by the teeth of the
leading wheels, bands of stout paper or ribbons aro pasted or glued under, so,
as to preserve it from wear and tear, resulting from the action of the teeth.
The strengthening might be done at the edges by folding the paper and by
inserting a ribband between the folds. If the paper is strengthened with
bibbaud, care must be taken in the punching of the stiffened parts; in
order to preserve the punches, ribbands should not be inserted in the middle
part, but on each side of the holes. Care must be taken in choosing the
paper or ribbon for doubling the cards or pattern paper, as just said, to
select them of an even thickness, in order to secure a good and firm pasting
of them together.
The punching machine is composed of a cast-iron sole plate or basis a,
Fig. 1, Pl. VI., and of another cast-iron piece b, which can move round the
first one on an axis b', so as to facilitate the taking out of pieces asunder
for the purpose of examining or of repairing them; two iron plates and e
above each other (one of which e is cut in quadrant), and having between them
space enough for the passage of paper which is carried on by toothed spring

page_text: chains and edge-perforated wheels a, a, as in the weaving apparatus. The
plates e, e', are perforated with holes, corresponding precisely to the paper
apparatus. A set of punches i, i, are placed across the plates, and are actuated
by the finger keys n, n', to which they are connected by the levers l', provided
with rods; the axis of the levers is supported by sheet-iron lugs fixed
on b by screws. The lower part of the punches are like common punches
for pasteboard cards; they are disposed in such manner that they may be
sharpened with a file, or else all at once; the holes of the plate e' into which
the punches enter may also be sharpened at once. The punches are made of
hardened steel; the plate is made of a softer metal. The punches must be
adjusted carefully in the holes, so as to cut the paper without leaving any bur.
Each punch is actuated by a finger key, as was already said. In order to
accelerate the work, I cause the said keys to be lifted by a mechanical con-
trivance independent of the workman's hand, by placing under each row the
raising pieces t, t, which when lowered by bearing on the finger keys stretch
the helical springs t, t, and as soon as the pressure ceases they are raised up
by the action of the springs t', t, on the handles s, s, of the raising pieces.
The raising pieces of the finger keys consist in two iron shafts s', 8', bearing at
one end on a stand d of the lifts s, s, attached to the shafts s¹, 81, and of a cross
picco t,t, which rests on the lower part of the keys. When the reading of
what is called a race, "une course," is over, all the pins are lowered by
bearing on the rule v¹. The same operation is performed on the needles y by a
hand rule. After each punching stroke the paper should progress exactly as
far as the given measure. This progressing motion is produced also by means
of a trundle wheel, rollers, and catching hooks. In the machine represented
in the Drawing, there are two rollers insteal of one, on account of the small
progress made by the paper at each stroke. This portion of the machine is
composed of a shaft, with edge-pierced wheels a accurately divided; they
may be cast in one piece with the shaft, as in the weaving machines.
The trundle wheel at the end of the shaft gives accurately the re-
quired progressing motion to the paper by means of the catching rullers
m, m', which place themselves alternately between the pins of the trundle;
their motion is calculated from their relative position with the pins. A rotary
motion is given to the trundle by hearing on the treadle f, which impels one
of the catching hooks ha, ha, which are constantly pressed on the trundle by
the springs 1, ', fastened on f*.
The cope ³ of each catching roller m², m', is fixed on a piece p", which can
move round an axis, which is so shaped as to permit the adjustment of the
rollers. For the purpose of throwing the rollers m, m, out of gear, the roller

page_text: m should first be raised up and the piece u shifted for bringing its axis above
a slot hole which is cut in that piece; the roller m' is then raised and the piece
u shifted again so as to support the second roller also. Then by reversing the
catching hooks he, ha, the trundle turns quite free. The ordinary motion of
the trundle leading and regulating the progress of the paper is given by bearing
on the treadle fa; the catching hook impels then a pin of the trundle, whilst
the stopping piece k prevents its receding; the other catching hook h° recedes
by the effect of its rounded edge sliding on the stopper.
For reversing the motion, the treadle must be raised instead of being pressed
down. Needles y are placed at the back part of the frame; they enter the
piece y", and are connected to smaller needies y', which enter freely into the
ends of the finger keys in order that they may slide back freely after having
been actuated without carrying along with them the needles y, and serve to
warn the operator of any mistake which he may have made in touching a
wrong key.
Motion of the set of bars, referring to reversing the effects for (les coups
matrices). This motion is represented Fig. 3, Pl. III. a, fragment of a
jacquard's frame; b, b, blades of the lifting bar of a jacquard's loom; c, c¹,
hook of the lifting bar; small wooden rods are screwed in at their end. d, sub-
stituting apparatus; d', fragment of the set of bars of the apparatus; e, rods
and raising springs of the moveable set of bars; f, top of the moveable bars
placed on the rods c; f', guide for imparting motion to the swing piece g to the
capf; 9", elbowed piece for throwing the swing 9 in gear; it is supported
by g'. h, spring guiding handle, actuated by the hook c and blade b, which is
intended to strike on the swing piece g for reversing the effect; h', similar
guiding handle, actuated by the hook c¹ and blade '; it impels the elbowed
piece g for disengaging the swing g, in order that the moveable set of bars d'
may ascend by the impulse of the springs e.
When a reversing effect is to be produced, the beat which precedes should
have a hole in the paper, which hole causes the edge of the guiding band h to
be caught by the blade b. This blade 6 should be enabled to go farther than
is strictly necessary, but the small helical spring, provided with-a piston and
placed at the top of the guiding handle, moderates the action which the
excess of the run would have on the swing g, which moves only the required
space; and the upper arm of the elbowed piece 9" descending then by its
gravity places itself under the swing g, and maintains it in that--position as
long as there are (des coups matrices).
Compensating springs may be placed at either of the ends of the guiding
handle f, which springs must be stronger than the two springs e; they are

page_text: bound by stop pins. When the number or reversing strokes is about to be
at an end, the last stroke should have a hole acting on the needle of the
hook e', and the corresponding guiding handle h' will then be raised up by
the blade and hit the elbowed piece g", by which the swing g will be thrown
out of gear, so that the moveable set may assume its normal position. The
piece g" is maintained behind by the position of the swing g.
MODUS OPERANDI OF THE APPARATUS, AND ITS ACTION ON THE JACQUARD'S
Looм.
The apparatus being fixed on a jacquard's machine, and the sliders e on the
case of the lifting bar , and supposing that this latter piece is down, that
the whole machine is at rest and without paper, in that position all the
bitting rods will have passed between the moveable bars without producing
any motion of the jacquard needles. In order, however, to set it in action it
is necessary to put paper in the apparatus. The machine being at rest, a
certain number of the holes of the paper (according to the pattern) will give
passage to as many needles of the apparatus, and accordingly the corresponding
hitting rods will remain in the same state as above stated, viz', as if there were
no paper; but all the parts which have no holes, and which are opposite to the
needles of the apparatus, will not have permitted the latter to slide, and their
respective hitting rods, being level with the moveable bars, will have been
pushed by the latter against the jacquard needles. It is in that state that I
suppose the apparatus to be before I proceed to describe its motions and its
action upon the jacquard's machine; this position being that resulting from
the preceding stroke, viz', the result of what I am now about to describe.
When hearing on the treadle, the first motion produced is the raising of the
lifting bar, the blades of which catch all the hooks which have not been
repelled. By continuing to bear on the treadle, the lifting bar raises the
curvilineal sliders e, each of which is provided with a roller, and is attached to
that bar; the curvilinear part e impels the losange b, Fig. 1, Pl. V., which is
attached to the rod a', connecting that piece with the side sliders i, to which
are attached the set of bars and the drawing-back plate f, which causes the
hitting rods which might not have been drawn far enough by the helical
springs of the jacquard machine to come back. By still continuing to bear
on the treadle, the set of bars and hitting ruls are carried back. The heads
of the hitting rods are stopped by the fixed plate at a time when the set of bars
still continues to go back about two millimeters more in order completely to free
their ends. This back motion is in part effected and easily by the curvilinear
sliders e, because there are always a number of hitting rods caught by the bars

page_text: which are repelled by the helical springs and needles of the jacquard; yet,
when the number of rods caught is very limited, the action of the helical
springs would not be sufficient to bring back the set of bars, which, besides,
would not take place completely, since it ought to come back farther than the.
beat-up during which it is in contact.
By continuing still to bear on the treadle, and thus causing the jacquard.
lifting bar to raise, a third operation takes place. The driving block g', stuck
into the curvilinear slide e, Fig. 1, Pl. V., on the side opposite to the trundle.
wheel, meets the projecting bit of the curvilinear lever f* of the raising handle;
it causes all the bitting rods to raise by means of the lifting plate k³, or by
means of the sheet-iron plate with oblong holes, which can replace the resting
boards, Fig. 1 bis, Pl. III. The hitting rods being raised as well as their
respective needles, the latter are drawn out of the paper.
In this same.
motion, the catching roller of the trundle is disengaged, either by the back
motion of the stopping bar y, Fig. 1, Pl. I., receding in the notch of the catch,
and allowing thus the roller to pass over the pins of the trundle, or by the
receding of the stopping bar p' from under the screw *.
If still raising the lifting bar and bearing on the treadle, a fourth effect
will be produced. The roller of the slider e, Fig. 1, Pl. V., (which might
replace the disposition represented Fig. 1, Pl. I.,) catches the lever w, repre-
sented in yellow lines on the same Fig., which lever impels, the elbowed
picces s of the hooks t, t'; or else the slide hitting piece r, Figure 1, Plate I.,
catching the elbowed levers of the hooks t, t', causes the trundle to move.
and thus the progress of the paper, which is ergaged in the teeth of the spring
chains, the latter being actuated by the wheels of the cylinder. The whole.
work of the apparatus is now done; nevertheless the lifting bar must move a
little farther, in order suitably to open the warp of the woven fabric operated:
upon.
I will now explain the action of the apparatus on the jacquard's machine
when the treadle is released, and the lifting bar is moving downwards. The.
first effect is to let down the hooks of the trundle; the curvilinear slider .e.
drives along in its downwards motion the slide hitting piece r, which then
allows the hooks t, t, to move down. The raising piece then moves down..
and also the hitting rods and their needles with it; the latter meet the paper
with a fresh surface or part of the pattern. It is at this moment that the
catching of the hooks of the jacquard machine is prepared; for when-the
raising pieces allow the hitting rods to move down together with their needles,
only those of the latter which have found a passage in the holes of the paper,
are down, whilst at all the places where that paper is not perforated, the

page_text: needles keep the end of the hitting rods at the level of the bars; in that state
of the lifting bar keeps moving down by releasing the treadle, the roller of the
slider e causes the set of bars to recede; and by moving against the jacquard
and to bear on the lozenge-shaped rod or block &, Figure 1, Pl. V., which
impels the set of bars, which bars by moving onwords force the hitting rods
against the jacquard needles, and causes the back motion of the hooks, which
ought not to be raised by the lifting bar at the next beat-up; yet the lifting
bar keeping its downwards motion sone millimeters farther, those of the hooks
which had been raised in the foregoing beat-up are completely released.
When the paper presents itself for a beat-up where the pattern should
require its thorough perforation, a condition which would weaken it con-
siderably in that case called "coup matrice," the reversing effect already
mentioned is required. Then in the working effect just described there is an
exception, which consists in the previous removal of the set of bars which has
moved down from its normal position to that which causes all the empty
spaces of the bars to be filled by the bars themselves, so that the places which
they previously occupied are now empty. The said removal of the set of bars
is operated simply by the motion of a lever of the kind called "bricoteau,"
nctuated by a hook of the jacquard caught in the previous beat up; this effect
will take place when the raising bar is moving upwards, and when the set of
bars is no longer in contact with the hitting rods. In this position, the treadle
being released, the raising bar moving downwards brings the set of bars near
the hitting rods; those of the latter which were raised on account of the
absence of corresponding perforations through the paper are now opposite the
empty spaces, and then the set of bars progressing forwards cannot cause
any motion of those rods. The bars meet only tho-e of the said rods which
are down, because their corresponding needles have found a passage through
the paper.
In summing up the successive motions, the effects are as follows:-By
bearing on the treadle, 1st, the lifting bar catches the hooks of the jacquard
machine; 2nd, the set of bars recedes together with the hitting rods and
the jacquard's needles; 3rd, the hitting rods are raised, and the needles of
the apparatus drawn out of the paper; 4th, the hooks (t, t',) cause the
trundle to turn, and the paper moves forward; 5th, the remaining motion
opens the warp wider. By releasing the treame, or lening down
bar, 1st, the warp is partly closed; 2nd, the hooks (t, t',) move back under
the pins of the trundle wheel; 3rd, the hitting rods are brought down by the
raising hand, which moves downwards, and the neccles place themselves on
the parts of the paper which are not perforated; the hitting rods correspond-

page_text: ing to such needles are then opposite to the bars; 4th, the set of bars moves
forward near the hitting rods, and repels those of the said rods which are
opposite, the other hitting rods remaining motionless; 5th, at last the lifting
bar releases the hooks. What has been just described refers particularly to
the action of the curvilinear slider e on the motion of the set of bars and
hooks, represented Figure 1, Pl. V. The effects produced by the other
dispositions, represented Figure 1, Pl. I., have been previously described in a
sufficient manner.
For punching the paper used in my apparatus before described, it is
necessary to have a special apparatus; this apparatus is represented on
Plates VI. and VII. It has a set of keys forming a finger-board, the
lowering of each key punching a hole through the paper. The reading and
punching of a pattern may be done in two different ways, either by causing the
pattern drawn on properly prepared Bristol or card paper (papier quadrillé)
to pass over the finger-board, or by connecting the levers netuating the
punches to the sample placed in the other side of the ordinary reading box; by
this means the punching is performed as usual. But the continuity of the
paper induced me to apply to this machine some of the organs of the weaving
apparatus, and, namely, the spring chains for leading the paper. Nevertheless,
in the readings called revolving or accelerated readings, corresponding to the
different numbers of jacquard needles, the said spring chains should be replaced
by toothed leading wheels placed before and behind the punches; those wheels
gear in the edge bands, which should be first suitably punched. The said
wheel may be brought nearer or be removed, according to the breadth of the
paper. The machine for punching the edge bands is simply an apparatus
similar to the present one, only the punches are placed on the sides; several
punches are placed before one another, and are actuated at once by a single
lever.
In witness whereof, I have hereunto set my hand and seal, this Twenty-
fifth day of November, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight
hundred and file five
Signed, sealed, and delivered in the presence of
L. D'AUBREVILLE.
J. B. ACKLIN. (L.S.)