Improvements in Machinery or Apparatus for the Manufacture of Flanged Earthenware Pipes.
Year: 1894

page_text: Date of Application, 25th Apr., 189
Complete Specification Left. 25th Jan. 1895-Accepted. 23rd Mar., 1895
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Machinery or Apparatus for the Manufacture of
Flanged Earthenware Pipes.
I ROBERT EWING of 19 Great George Street, Westminster London, in the
County of London, England, Earthenware Pipe Agent do hereby declare the
nature of this invention to be as follows:-
This invention relates to improvements in the machinery for the manufacture of
earthenware pipes sanitary or otherwise with joints or ends similar to those for
which Letters Patent in the United Kingdom No. 9360 dated 3rd June 1891 were
granted to me, also for which Letters Patent in the United Kingdom No. 9028
dated 31st May 1889 were granted to Arthur Ramsden Chiswick, London, or
which have flanges projecting externally and laterally from the body at both ends
of the pipe.
The object of these improvements is to make such pipes by means of the
ordinary sanitary pipe machine of one continuous mass of clay so that all the
flanges or other projecting parts will be integral with the body of the pipe;
the common practice hitherto being in making such flanged pipes to joint either
the flanged spigot or socket-end made separately in the machine or otherwise, to the
plain end of pipe a process which it is found impairs the strength and usefulness
of the tube.
My invention consists of specially constructed dies & die ring which may be
attached to the ordinary pipe cylinder; also of specially constructed circular
cutters.
In my improved dies which have an upper and lower bell-shaped enlargement
the interior of which is plain & free from recess or rim, the upper orifice or avenue,
by which the clay enters the die between the narrowest part of the tapering die-
ring, and the adjacent part of the bell-core is of greater width than the orifice or
avenue which governs the thickness of the body of the pipe, formed by the middle
or narrowest part of the die and the adjacent part of the bell-core. The die is in
two sections which move in slots in the die-plate, & is operated by means of levers
as usually constructed. When the die is closed the rectangular edge only of the
lateral or upper end face of the upper bell-shaped enlargement slides underneath
& impinges against or nearly so the outer rectangular edge only of the lateral
bottom end face of the die ring; the greater part of the thickness of the lateral
bottom-end face of the die ring overlapping or projecting across the mouth of the
upper bell-shaped enlargement to form when the clay is pressed into the die the
upper straight face of the flange, projecting laterally from the body of the pipe.
am aware that dies with upper and lower enlargement have been devised for
the purpose of making earthenware pipes having flanges at both ends, viz.: a
bell shaped socket on the one end of the pipe and an exterior flange projecting
laterally from the body of the pipe, at the base of the spigot or a short distance
from the other or opposite extreme end of pipe but such dies have hitherto failed
to operate efficiently because the upper orifice or avenue for the clay formed by
the die-ring & the adjacent part of bell-core not being of greater width than the
orifice or avenue which governs the thickness of the body of the pipe in the middle
of the die proper, the body of the pipe as it was expressed from the machine was
apt to tear and the sockets to be imperfectly formed, owing to lack of pressure:

page_text: and because the flanged part of the spigot or upper end was formed by an annular
recess turned out of the solid casting of the die in the upper bell-shaped part
thereof, the consequence invariably being that when the die was opened the flanged
part remaining fixed in the recess, was torn from the body of the pipe.
The object of this invention is to avoid these difficulties by the means above
described..
I remove any surplus thickness on the outer or inner side of spigot end of pipe
by means of two specially constructed circular cutters which are applied to the
pipes when in a soft or partially dry state soon after they are made.
A part of the inner side of a spigot of a double socket is cut out by a wire
stretched tightly on a holder or frame mounted. at each end of a revolving cross-
bar. The ends of the cross-bar are diverted or turned over the edge of a cap or
ring placed over the top end of the pipe & resting on the flange of the spigot.
To keep the cross-bar in position in the centre while being revolved it is inter-
sected at right-angles at the centre by a similar cross-bar which, like the other bar,
has ends diverted over the outer edge of cap with sufficient play to enable the bar
with cutters to revolve easily. The cutters move laterally inside the top end of
pipe on the cross-bar, & when they are put in operation they are pushed outwardly
along the cross-bar until the face of the holder comes in contact with the guiding
rim of the cap.
This action sinks into position in the clay, the wire and the
needle like projection which carries one end of the 'wire on the holder so that when
the holders are moved round by means of upright handles the piece is cut out as
required.
A part of the outer side of the spigot of a single socket pipe is cut out also by
wire fixed on a holder at end of a revolving cross-bar; the latter turning on a
centre-pin fixed on the top of a short drum inserted in the pipe. In this instance
the cutters operate outside the body of the pipe. When they are put in operation
they are moved laterally up to the top rim of the drum which rests on the top-end
of the pipe, and then revolved by means of the handles.
Dated this Twenty-fourth day of April 1894.
Improvements in Machinery or Apparatus for the Manufacture of
Flanged Earthenware Pipes.
I, ROBERT EWING of 19 Great George Street, Westminster, London, in the
County of London, England, Earthenware Pipe Agent do hereby declare the
nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed,
to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
This invention relates to improvements in the machinery for the manufacture
of earthenware pipes, sanitary or otherwise, with joints or ends similar to those
for which Let ers Patent in the United Kingdom No. 9028 dated 31st May 1889
were granted to Arthur Ramsden, Chiswick London; also for which Letters
Patent in the United Kingdom No. 9360, 3 June 1891 were granted to me; or
which have flanges projecting externally and laterally from the body of the pipe
at both ends.
The object of these improvements is to make such pipes by means of the ordinary
sanitary pipe machine of one continuous mass of clay; so that all the flanges or
projecting parts will be integral with the body of the pipe; the common practice
hitherto being in making such flanged jointed pipes to joint either the flanged
spigot or socket-end separately to the plain end of pipe; a process which it is
found impairs the strength and usefulness of the tube.

page_text: My invention consists of specially constructed dies and die ring which may be
attached to the ordinary earthenware pipe cylinder; also of specially constructed
circular cutters.
In order that my invention may be fully understood, and readily carried out
I will describe the same with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 is a vertical section of earthenware pipe machine with my special dies C
operating in two sections, in slide plate D; and the improved die ring attached for
making double or groove socket, and flanged spigot pipes.
Fig. 2 is a vertical section from centre line A of left half of machine, showing
another form of slide plate D, in which the two sections of die C operate; also
for making double socketted & flanged spigot pipes.
Fig. 3 is a vertical section of pipe machine from centre line B of left half;
showing one more form of slide plate D and die C for making single socket pipes
with flanged spigot ends.
Fig. 4 is a vertical section of revolving cutters, for cutting out inner side of
spigot of double socket pipes.
Fig. 5 is a top view of Fig. 4.
Fig. 6 is a front view of one of the cutters in Fig. 4.
c
Fig. 7 is a vertical section of revolving cutters for cutting out a piece from the
outer side of flanged spigot of pipes with single sockets.
In my improved die C which has an upper and lower bell-shaped enlarge-
plain, and free
ment F & G, Figs. 1, 2, & 3, the interior of which enlargement
from recess, or rim, the upper orifice or avenue H by which the clay enters the
die, between the narrow part of the die ring E and the adjacent part of the bell-
core, is of greater width than the orifice, or avenue I, which governs the thickness
of the body of the pipe, formed by the middle or narrowest part of the die, and
the adjacent part of the hell-core. The die C is in two sections, which move in
slots in the slide plate D & is operated by means of levers as usually constructed
and attached to such machines. When the die C is closed the rectangular edge K
only, of the lateral, or upper end face of the upper bell-shaped enlargement F,
passes underneath or impinges against, or nearly so, the outer rectangular
edge L only of the lateral bottom end-face of the die ring E; the greater part
of the thickness of the bottom of the die ring overlapping or projecting some
distance across the mouth of the upper bell-shaped enlargement F, so as to
form at K when the clay is pressed into the die, the upper face of flange on
the spigot end of the pipe. At L the inner edge of bottom of die ring is
rounded or bevelled so as to facilitate the passage of the clay when the body
of the pipe is being pressed out of the machine.
I am aware that dies with upper and lower enlargement have been devised for
the purpose of making earthenware pipes having flanges exterior to the line of the
body of pipe at both ends; but such dies have hitherto failed to operate efficiently
because the upper orifice or avenue-H for the clay formed by the die ring E and
the adjaceut part of the bell-core was not of greater width than the orifice or
avenue I which governs the thickness of the body of the pipe; and the latter was
5 apt to tear as it was expressed from the machine, and the sockets were often
imperfectly formed owing to lack of pressure through the avenue 1.
the exterior flange of spigot or upper end of pipe has hitherto been formed by an
annular recess in the solid casting of ne die; that is to say the die-ring E and the
die C were formed of one solid casting; the consequence invariably was that when
0 the die was opened the flanged part formed in the upper bell-shaped enlargement F
was torn from the body of the pipe and reinained in this enlarged part or recess.
By the improvements above described these difficulties are overcome.
Moreover
In making earthenware pipes with flanged ends from iny improved dies attached
to the ordinary sanitary pipe machine the two sections of the die C are pushed
together and held by clains; and the socketting die ring is sustained by the
fixing gear of the balance table or otherwise. The pressure is then put on to fill
the die completely with clay from the cylinder above; after which the balance.

page_text: table is set free and moves downwards with the socketting ring die "b," the body
of the pipe being meanwhile expressed through the orifice I. When sufficient
length of body of pipe has been expressed out of the machine the two sections of
the die C are opened quickly while the machine is in motion. This sets the flange
free and the machine is kept going until a sufficient length of the greater thickness
above the flange is expressed through the larger orifice H to form the spigot proper
of the pipe.
.
I remove any surplus thickness on the inner or outer side of spigot end of pipe
by means of specially constructed circular cutters Figs. 4, 5, 6 & 7 which are
applied to the pipes when the same are in a soft or partially dry state soon after
they are made.
The part M in Figs. 4 & 5 of the inner side of the spigot of a double sccket
pipe is cut out by a wire N Figs. 4 & 6 stretched tightly on holders or brackets O
Figs. 4, 5 & 6 which are mounted and slide on a square wrought iron cross-bar P
intersected at the centre at right angles at Q by a similar cross-bar. The ends of
these cross-bars are diverted or turned over the outer edge of a wooden R
cap
placed over the end of pipe so that the crossbar with the knives may be revolved
concentrically. When the holders or brackets are pushed laterally by means of
the handles Š to the inner edge T Figs. 4 & 5 of the wooden cap R, the projecting
knives U Figs. 4, 5 & 6 with the wire N stretched from their points upwards to
the front of the body of the holders, or brackets, are placed in position for cutting.
The brackets or holders are then revolved against the inner edge T Figs. 4 & 5 of
the cap R and the inner piece M of the spigot end of pipe is cut out as desired.
The right hand cutter is shown in position ready for cutting. Fig. 5 the top
view of the cutters shows the knives U in dotted lines. They are nearly the same
breadth as the back of holder to give them the required strength but they
are sharpened all round their oval edge to enable them to pass through the clay
easily.
"
A part of the outer side "a Fig. 7 of the spigot of a single socket pipe is cut
out also by wire stretched on brackets mounted and revolved as in Fig. 4 but in
this case a short wooden drum V with a top rim W is inserted in the pipe, and the
cutters X operate outside the body of the pipe instead of inside as in Fig. 4. The
cutters in Fig. 7 before being revolved by means of the crossbar P are moved
laterally up to the outer edge of the top rim W which is rebated at Y to receive
the diverted ends of the cross-bars P. With slight modifications these revolving
cutters on the same principle as Fig. 7 may be adapted to cutting out the groove
in double socketted pipes when the spigot end is made downwards in the machine.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim is
(1.) The improved die C with the bottom of separate die ring E overlapping
some distance interiorly the upper plain bell-shaped enlargement F to form the
upper face of exterior flange on spigot end of earthenware pipe; and with upper
orifice H between the die ring E and bell core of greater width than the middle
orifice I which governs the thickness of body of pipe, substantially & for the
purposes set forth in the accompanying Specification & drawings.
(2.) The making of earthenware tubes with flanges at both ends exterior to the
line of the body of tubes by means of the improved die C with separate upper die
ring E, projecting laterally to the extent of the greater part of the thickness of its
lower end, over the inner rectangular edge K of the upper plain bell-shaped enlarge-
ment F of the die C; the inside of die ring E being of greater diameter than the
inside of the middle part of the die at 1 which fixes the thickness of the body of the
pipe; & in conjunction with such improved die & die-ring the improved revolving
cutters for cutting a piece from the inner or outer side of spigot end of such tubes,
substantially and for the purposes set forth in the accompanying Specifications
& drawings.

page_text: (3.) The improved cutters formed by distended wire on brackets or holders O
moving laterally & revolving on cross-bar P intersected at right-angles in centre
by similar bar both bars having ends turned over outer edge of cap R to keep
them in centre substantially & for the purposes set forth in the accompanying
Specification & drawings.