Improved Hydraulic Machine for Pressing, Embossing, or the like Purposes.
Year: 1891

page_text: Date of Application, 2nd June, 1891-Accepted, 5th Sept., 1891
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improved Hydraulic Machine for Pressing, Embossing, or the like
Purposes.
I ARTHUR LANGERFELD of No. 180 West 88th Street in the City of New
York County and State of New York United States of America Mechanical
Engineer do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the
same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement:-
This invention relates to improvements in machines for embossing forming or
pressing sheet metal shells and tubes by the direct pressure of water or other fluids
and several of the new features of this machine are also useful for other purposes.
The objects of my invention are first to provide a water tight connection between
the shell or tube to be embossed and the water supply so constructed that the rim
or neck of the shell or tube will not be firmly held or clamped as is the case in
machines of this kind now used but so that the neck of the shell or tube can
slide and be sufficiently drawn into the die to supply metal for filling out the
cavities in the die without stretching and weakening the metal as much as it is
when firmly held at the edge, second to provide a die holding press having a long
and quick motion to open and close so that work can be put in and taken out
quickly, third to provide a mechanism by which the die can be opened enough to
take the finished work out and put a blank in without taking the whole die apart
or out of the die holders, fourth to provide die holders so constructed that they will
compress the sections of the die concentrically so as to firmly close the seams
between the sections, fifth to provide die holders so arranged that dies of different
lengths and sizes can be put in, sixth to provide means and connections for bringing
different pressures to bear both on the dies by means of a press and on the work in
the dies to suit different sizes kinds and thicknesses of metal. These objects are
attained by the mechanisms and means illustrated in the accompanying drawings in
which,
Figure 1 is a general view of the machine partly shown in section.
Figure 2 is a plan showing a section above the platen of the press.
Figure 3 is a plan of the die holders and dies.
Figure 4 is an enlarged vertical section of the die holders plug with connection
and mechanism for opening the die.
Figure 5 shows the die holders dies and connections for long tubes and
arrangement of screw when the ram is too small to be bored out to receive the
screw.
Figure 6 shows the sections of the die provided with guides in the die holders.
Figure 7 shows a die in a single die holder in section and
Figure 8 is a central cross section of the tube dies and tube die holders shown
in Figure 5.
Similar letters of reference indicate corresponding parts.
A B C D E Figure 1 is an ordinary hydraulic press A being the cylinder B
and C columns or rods D the head and E the ram. is an extension of the ram E
outside of the cylinder A. G is a sleeve or support resting on the top of the ram E
on a bearing K so that the sleeve can revolve. Y is a key and slot to keep the
ram E from being revolved so as not to wear the packing A¹ unnecessarily. There
is also a vent hole Y' at Y to the bore in the ram E to allow the air to escape
when the screw I descends. On the sleeve G is a nut H, I is a screw fitting into
the nut H and is fastened under the platen L. M and M' are guides attached to
the platen and sliding against the columns B C or other guides as shown in the
plan Figure 2 so that the platen 1. and screw I can not be revolved but will be
moved up or down when the nut H is revolved to the right or left respectively.

page_text: The ram E shown in Figure 1 is so proportioned as to be large enough to admit of
being bored out so that the screw I can enter it when descending. This arrange-
ment is desirable because it makes the press shorter but it is not necessary that
the ram E should be hollow when the ram E is so proportioned as to be too small
to be bored out large enough to admit the screw then the sleeve or support Gis
made as much longer or higher as is necessary to give the screw I room to descend
without entering the ram E as is shown in Figure 5 or the part of the ram may
be made long enough to receive the screw but it is generally advantageous to
lengthen G.
The objects of the screw I are to impart a quick and sufficient travel to the
platen L to make room between the lead D and platen L so that the blank
shell W can be put into the die U or taken out when finished and the dies quickly
raised up to the head D after the blank shell W has been put in without using the
slow moving ram E.
J is a gear wheel to drive the nut H. N is a pinion to drive the gear wheel J.
The face of the pinion N is made wide enough to give the gear wheel J room to
move up and down as much as the ram E without becoming disengaged. Motion
is imparted to the pinion N by the shaft () onto which it is fastened. This shaft O
is provided with suitable means for being driven by bevel gears 40 as shown or
by a pulley direct as may be most convenient. The countershaft X must be
provided with means for being driven to the right or left or stopped. As any of
the means commonly used for this purpose will answer, they are not shown in the
drawing.
The screw is stopped when nearly all the way up or down by the mechanism
carried by the rigid immovable frame bbbb Figure 1 and consisting of the
following parts: a a is a stiff arm attached to the platen L or head of the screw 1.
ce is a rod sliding vertically in the frame with a slanting step or bend d in
it made to act as a cam. e and el are collars adjustable on the rods cc, his a
lever with counterweight in equilibrium with the rod cand collars e e so that
this rod ee will move equally up or down and remain where left. is a weighted
lever or pawl with a tooth at its weighted end, the weight may be substituted
by a spring. The tooth fits into the notch in the slide f¹, is a handle
connected with so that the tooth can be raised up out of the notch i when fi
is to be shifted. The slide f f is connected with the shifter of the above
mentioned means for driving or stopping the countershaft X not shown in the
drawings so that when is in a position to receive the tooth in the notch i
the countershaft X will be stopped and when shifted to for f¹ by the
lever the countershaft X will be driven to the right or left respectively and
thereby cause the nut H to revolve and raise or lower the screw I. When the
screw is running down the roller will be where indicated by the dotted circle g¹¹
and when the arm a has reached the collar e and moves the rod ce down g" will be
pushed back to g and stop the screw I as described. When the screw I is running
up it is stopped in a similar manner by means of the roller gl. Other automatic
stop mechanisms may be substituted for this one but this one is especially adapted
for this machine because it allows the heavy nut H sleeve G gear J pinion N and
shafts O and X to run after the power driving them has been stopped until their
momentum is exhausted and any additional motion will not continue to shift the
slide because the rollers g or gl will have passed the bend in the rod cc.
The platen L carries a die holder S S¹ S2 and under the head D a similar die
holder QQ is fastened. Each die holder has a conical bore P P Figure 4. The
die holders are made in sections S S1 S2 and Q Q' or more so that by moving more
or less sections dies of different lengths can be put in the press and the conical
bores in the die holders are provided with the bushings P p p and
so
that different sizes of dies may be put into the same die holders by inserting more
or less bushings. Each section of the die holders has a shoulder 45 fitting into a
recess 46 in the next larger section so that all sections remain flush or centred and
the strain upon one is partly transferred to the next larger one and to the platen L

page_text: by the largest one. The sections of the die U are made with two opposite conical
external faces or bearings U1 U" corresponding to and fitting into the conical bores
of the die holders S S¹ S" and Q Q' or into the bushings put into the die holders.
The object of these conical bearings is to cause the seams between the sections of
the die to be tightly closed so that they will not show in the work as much as they
do when the dies are not so compressed. When the shape of the die is such that
the upper part cannot be conveniently provided with a sufficient conical bearing the
top of the die is made flat as shown in Figure 7, 41 and a flat surface provided
under the head of the press D in place of a second die holder for the top of the die
to bear against whereby the sections of the die are pressed into the conical bore P
so that the seams in the die become firmly closed.
The object of the separate bottom block V Figure 4 is to carry the pressure on
the bottom of the work W without putting this strain onto the sections of the
die U which would be subjected to a tension or tearing strain if the bottom were
made part of the sections, this arrangement is of special .advantage when the dies
are made of a metal or material which has a great crushing resistance as for
instance cast iron but a low adhesive strength or resistance to tearing and
breaking.
By providing the bottom block V with a plain recess V1 as shown in Figure 4
different bottom dies V" can be put in so that with the same dies for the sides
different bottoms can be formed on the shells.
22 to 25 Figure 4 is a mechanism in the platen L for raising and thereby opening
the die U it consists of the upright screw. 23 nut 24 and crank handle 25 geared to
the nut 24 the screw 23 has a key way 26 cut lengthwise and is keyed to the
platen as shown in Figure 3 so that the screw 23 can not revolve but will rise or
descend when the nut 24 is turned to the right or left respectively by means of the
crank handle 25. 20 Figure 4 is a plug fitting into the neck of the shell W. This
plug 20 is provided with a hydraulic packing 21 at or near its end and through the
plug 20 is a water passage 44 connecting the passage 19 with the inside of the
shell W. The bottom edge of the plug 20 is rounded a little so that the shell will
slip over it without catching on the corner. It is desirable to give the top rim of
the shell W a slight flare as shown so that in case it is a little out of shape or out
of centre it will centre itself and slip onto the plug 20 without striking it on the
edge. This plug 20 may either be fixed under the head of the press D as shown in
Figure 1 so that the shell W will slip onto it or it may be put into the neck of the
shell W and raised up against the head D together with the shell W in this case
the plug is provided with a shoulder 42 Figure 4 resting on top of the shell Wor
if the shell W is not strong enough on part of the die U the plug is also provided
with a connection 43 to form a tight joint between the passage 19 and the
passage 44 through the plug. For small accurate work the former is advantageous
but for large irregular or rough work it is generally safer to put the plug into the
neck of the shell W instead of fastening it to the head D.
The end of the water passage into the shell W is closed by a light spring
valve 18 to keep the water from emptying out of the passage 19 and tube 14 when
the shell W has been withdrawn from the plug 20.
The blank shell W is made with a cylindrical or parallelopiped prolongation of
its upper end or neck W₁ and the die U has a smooth cylindrical or parallelopiped
collar U at or near its top end closely fitting around the neck W which is made
long enough to allow for being drawn down into the die when the shell W is being
embossed. It is advantageous to make the collar U separate of hard steel the
dies being made of a cheaper metal or material but the collar may also be made
part of the dies at or near the top ends of the sections the parts being pressed
together into a whole when the dies are pressed together. The plug 20 must be
made of such a length that the hydraulic packing 21 will come just inside of the
collar Uso that the neck of the shell W can slide down between the collar Um
and packing 21 without becoming expanded or distorted the packing will then
remain tight while the shell is being drawn into the die to supply metal to fill out

page_text: the cavities in the die without overstraining the shell W and causing it to tear or
become too thin in places.
m is an ordinary weighted accumulator is a hydraulic force pump (shown only
in part) and is the supply tank for this pump. The pump n is connected with
the accumulator m by the pipes ? 8 t. s is a safety valve for the pump n as a
precaution. The cylinder A of the press is connected with the accumulator by the
pipes wa æ a¹ y z. 1 is a pressure regulator and 2 is a check valve inserted to
provide against any pressure backing out of the cylinder A in case the
accumulator m should be emptied while a shell is being embossed.
3 is a pressure
gange to indicate the pressure in the cylinder A. 4 is a safety valve connected
with the cylinder A as a precaution. 5-6-7 is an outlet pipe connecting the
cylinder A with the tank p. 8 is a pressure multiplier connected with the
accumulator m by the pipes 9-10 stand 11-12 10 st also to the pump by
the pipe the pipe 14 and passage 19 connect the pressure multiplier 8 with the
shell W in the dies Uas shown and the outlet pipe 13-6-7 connects the
pressure multiplier with the tank p. 15 is a safety valve placed between
the shell W and the pressure multiplier 8 as a precaution. 17 is a pressure gauge
to indicate the pressure in the shell W.
When the machine is to be used for any one kind and size of work or only for a
certain work for which either the pressure multiplier or pressure regulator or both
are not required these parts or either of them may be omitted and the die holders
made in one piece instead of sections. The machine can also be operated without
any accumulator by using a pump or pumps with several plungers working so as to
give a nearly steady pressure but the accumulator is much steadier and quicker.
When the press is to be used for straight or plain drawing forming or embossing
dies the die holders with conic bores S¹ and Q are removed and the water supply
through passage 19 used or not used as may be required.
When a tube is to be embossed a solid plug provided with a hydraulic packing
and resting on the bottom block V is put into the lower end of the tube and a
collar provided closely fitting the outside of the tube and placed opposite the
packing all similar to plug 20. The upper end of the tube is closed by a plug the
same as 20. When a tube is too long to be conveniently placed in the press in an
upright position it is put in crosswise as shown in Figure 5 a solid plug 43 is put
into one end and a plug with water passage 44 into the other end both plugs and
surroundings being made similar to plug 20 but held in place by the cap pieces 39
and 46 on the ends of the die holders 47 and 48. The connection with the passage
in plug 44 is formed automatically by the hollow plunger 33 connected with
pipe 14 and fitting and sliding into the cylinder 34 provided with a hydraulic
packing and attached to the plug 44 and connected with plug 44 by the passage 38.
The water passage in the plunger 33 is closed by a light spring valve 18 the same
as plug 20 and for the same purpose.
The machine is operated in the following manner :-
The screw is lowered as described all the way down or far enough to give
room for opening the dies U and putting in a shell W. The die U is then opened
by turning the crank 25 and a blank shell W is put into the die. The die U is
then lowered into the die holder S S S by turning the crank 25 around in the
opposite direction as before until the bottom block V no longer rests on the top of
the screw 23. By dropping into the conic bore of the die holder the die closes
around the shell W. The shell W is now poured nearly full of water space
being allowed for the plug 20. The pump is now run steadily to fill the
accumulator m valve being opened and valve 10 closed. Next the screw I is run
up all the way or nearly so and then valve is opened valve 5 being closed. The
pressure in the cylinder A will now rise as high as the regulator 1 will permit.
This pressure should be sufficient to firmly compress the die U so as to close the
seams without overstraining it. Valve 10 is now opened (valve 9 being closed).
The water will then enter the shell W through pipes 12-11-14 and passages 19
and 44. The regulating valve 1 is now thrown out of operation by pushing down

page_text: the lever 28 and turning down the pawl 29 as indicated on Figure 1 by dotted
lines. Then the pressure in the shell W is increased to what is required by closing
valve 13 and bringing the pressure multiplier 8 into operation by slowly opening
valve 9 until the gauge 17 indicates the pressure necessary to emboss the shell W.
If the pressure does not rise high enough by supplying the multiplier from the
accumulator valve t' is closed (in addition to valve 13 valves 10 and 9 remaining
open). The full force of the pump will now act in conjunction with the
multiplier 8 and the pressure will rise to the highest point obtainable unless valve 9
is closed sooner. Before valve t¹ is closed the accumulator should be well filled to
keep up the pressure in the cylinder A and just before valve 9 is closed valve ¹
must be opened or the pump stopped. Now valve 10 is closed and 13 opened a
little this will slowly let the pressure out of the shell W and multiplier 8 at the
same time valve y' is closed and valve 5 is opened enough to let the pressure out
of the cylinder A at the same rate as out of the shell W.
When the pressures
have both been all let out the screw I is lowered the die U opened by turning
crank 25 and the work is taken out.
The ram E must be of such a size that it gives more pressure than is exerted
on the largest internal horizontal cross section of the work in the press so that
the die always remains compressed. The screw I nut H sleeve G and the entire
mechanism for driving the nut H may be substituted by other mechanisms or
means to move the platen up and down but the screw I nut H and driving gears
are an improvement answering the requirements of this particular purpose of
the press.
By providing the sections of the die U with guides 51 Figure 7 so as to keep
the sections equally divided and placing into the open die a blank shell or tube
which is somewhat too large the blank W will be pressed into the cavities of the
die to some extent and save the metal from being stretched or strained as much in
circumference as it otherwise would be.
The tube die holders Figure 5 are also provided with bushings 50 so that tubes
of different diameters or dies of different thicknesses can be put into the same die
holders and blank blocks 49 are arranged to be used when the tubes are not as
long as the die holders. When the press is large enough a number of tube die
holders may be placed in the press together side by side and similarly several
shells W can be embossed simultaneously in a large press.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. In a hydraulic embossing machine the means for connecting the shell or tube
to be embossed with a water supply consisting of a plug, provided with a hydraulic
packing fitting into a cylindrical, parallelopiped neck on the shell or into the end
of the tube the plug having a water passage provided with separable connection
with the water supply substantially as described.
2. In a hydraulic embossing machine the combination of a straight or flared
neck or parallelopiped prolongation on the end of the shell.to be embossed arplug
fastened under the head of the press and fitting into this neck on the shell a water
passage through the plug connected with a water supply a die containing the shell
a collar resting on or made a part of the die and fitting around the neck of the
shell means for holding raising and lowering the die and guides causing the die
with the shell to move centrally in line with the plug for the purpose set forth.
3. In a hydraulic embossing machine a cylindrical or parallelopiped prolongation
of the blank shell or tube extending outside of sunk part of the die in combination
with a plug having a water passage through it arranged to connect the inside of
the blank tube or shell with a water supply the plug also having a hydraulic
packing at or near its end fitting into the prolongation of the shell or tube a
collar having a smooth inside face closely fitting around the prolongation of the
shell or tube and, placed opposite the packing of the plug and means for holding

page_text: the plug and collar in their place together with the die for the purpose set
forth.
4. In a hydraulic embossing machine the combination with a die for embossing
shells or tubes said die being open at both ends of means for closing one end
consisting of a cylindrical or parallelopiped prolongation of the shell or tube
extending outside of the sunk part of the die a solid plug having a hydraulic
packing at or near its end fitting into the prolongation of the shell or tube a collar
fitting around the prolongation of the shell or tube and placed opposite the
hydraulic packing of the plug and means for holding the plug and collar in their
place together with the die substantially as set forth."
5. In a hydraulic embossing machine the combination of a plug fitting into the
neck or end of the shell or tube to be embossed an automatic connection- consisting
of a hollow plunger fitting into a cylinder with a hydraulic packing and a water
passage from the inside of the shell or tube to be embossed through the plug to
the hollow plunger and cylinder and from there to the water supply substantially
as described.
6. The combination with a hydraulic embossing machine of the light spring
valve 18 at or near the end of the water passage into the shell or tube to be
embossed for the purpose set forth.
7. The combination with a press of two opposite die holders with conical bores
or cavities and sectional dies with opposite conical faces fitting into the conical
bores or cavities of the die holders substantially as described.
8. The combination with a press of a die holder carried by the platen of the
press and having a conical bore or cavity a sectional die with conical sides fitting
into the conical bore in the die holder and a flat topped surface on the die arranged
to bear on against the head of the press for the purpose set forth.
9. The sectional die holders consisting of rings or frames resting upon each other
and provided with shoulders fitting into recesses or other means for keeping them
in position each section having a conical bore or cavity flush with the bore of the
other substantially as described.
10. The combination with die holders having a conical bore or cavity of the
bushings P P 11 fitting into the conical bores of the die holders and having
similar or dissimilar conical bores or cavities so that dies of other shapes or sizes
can be put into the same die holders substantially as described.
11. The combination of a conical bore or cavity in a die holder containing a
sectional die and a mechanism under the conical bore or cavity arranged to raise
or lower the die for the purpose set forth.
12. The combination with a die holder having a conical bore or cavity of
mechanism for raising or lowering a sectional die in the die holder consisting of
the screw fitting into the nut geared to a crank with a handle the nut revolving on
a bearing and the screw being kept from revolving by a fixed key fitting into a
keyway, cut lengthwise into the screw substantially as described.
13. The combination with a hydraulic embossing machine of die holders for
long tube dies consisting of opposite blocks having semicylindrical or semi-
parallelopiped channels closed at each end by cap pieces substantially as
described.
C
14. In combination with a hydraulic press the means for quickly raising or
lowering the platen L consisting of the guides M M on the platen L. The screw I
fastened under the platen L. The nut H fitting and holding the screw I. The
sleeve or support G resting on a bearing K on the top of the ram E and carrying
the nut and means for driving the nut H substantially as described.
15. In a combined hydraulic and screw press the means for driving the nut H
carrying the screw I of the press consisting of a gear wheel J on the nut H or on
the sleeve G carrying the nut Ha pinion N in gear with the wheel J the face of
one of these two wheels being as much wider than the face of the other one as the
ram E of the press has travel and the shaft of the pinion N being provided with
means for being driven to the right or left or stopped as described.

page_text: 16. The automatic mechanism for stopping the screw I of the press consisting of
the rigid frame bbbb carrying an upright rod ccce having a bend d in it arranged
to act as a cam and also having two adjustable collars or projecting parts e and e¹ a
stiff arm a extending from the platen L fastened to the top of the screw I and
reaching to the collars e and el a horizontal slide ff also carried by the frame bb bb
and provided with two lugs or antifriction rollers g and g' so placed that the bend
in the rod cc will strike them and move the slide f¹ when the arm a a moves the
rodce while striking one of the collars e or e¹ the slide being connected with
the shifter of the belts or other means by which the nut H and the screw I are
driven all substantially as described.
17. The automatic lock of the shifter consisting of the lever i arranged to
stop and hold the shifter ff' by means of a notch in the tooth in combination with
means for automatically moving the slide f₁ substantially as described and a
lever and connection by which the slide ff can be unlocked and shifted
voluntarily substantially as shown and described.
18. In a hydraulic embossing machine the combination of a ram arranged to
compress a die and an accumulator connected to supply the pressure for forcing up
and steadily maintaining the pressure of the ram substantially as described.
19. In a hydraulic embossing machine a combination of a pressure regulator 1 a
ram arranged to carry or compress a die and a connection from a pump or other
water supply through the pressure regulator to the ram substantially as shown and
described.
20. In a hydraulic embossing machine the combination of a pressure regulator an
accumulator a ram arranged to carry or compress the die and a connection from
the accumulator through the pressure regulator to the ram substantially as shown
and described.
21. In a hydraulic embossing machine the combination of a pressure multiplier
an accumulator a connection from the pressure multiplier to the shell or tube in the
die and a connection from the accumulator to the pressure multiplier substantially
as shown and described.
22. In a hydraulic embossing machine the combination of a pressure multiplier
an accumulator a connection from the pressure multiplier to the shell or tube in
the die and a connection from the accumulator to the pressure multiplier sub-
stantially as shown and described.
23. In a hydraulic embossing machine the combination of a pump an accumulator
a pressure multiplier a connection from the pump to the accumulator a connection
from the pump to the pressure multiplier and valves in these connections so that
the pump can be brought into connection with the accumulator only or with the
pressure multiplier only the pump being made to give a higher pressure than that
required to fill the accumulator substantially as described and for the purpose set
forth.
24. In combination with a hydraulic embossing machine a water supply
connected to the ram arranged to carry or compress the die and a separate or
separable water supply connected with the shell or tube W in the die so that the
pressures of these two water supplies are independent of each other substantially as
set forth.
25. In combination with a hydraulic embossing machine an accumulator a
connection from the accumulator to the cylinder of the press and a connection from
the accumulator to the blank shell or tube in the dic substantially as described.
26. In a hydraulic embossing machine the combination of an accumulator a
pump a connection from the pump to the accumulator a connection from the pump
to the shell or tube in the die and a connection from the accumulator to a ram
arranged to carry or compress the die the connections being provided with valves
so that the pump can be brought into connection with the accumulator only or with
the shell or tube in the die only or with both substantially as described.
27. In a hydraulic embossing machine the combination of a pressure regulator a
pressure multiplier a connection from the pressure regulator to a ram arranged to

page_text: carry or compress the die a connection from the pressure multiplier to the shell or
tube in the die connections from the pressure regulator and pressure multiplier to a
water supply or to separate water supplies and valves in these connections
substantially as described.
28. In a hydraulic embossing machine the combination of an accumulator a
pressure regulator a pressure multiplier a connection from the accumulator to the
pressure regulator a connection from the pressure regulator to a ram arranged to
carry or compress the die, a connection from the accumulator to the pressure
multiplier a connection from the pressure multiplier to the shell or tube in the die
and valves in these connections substantially as shown and described.
29. The combination with a sectional die of a separate block or part forming the
bottom and having a bearing of its own independent of the sections of the die
substantially as described and for the purpose set forth.
30. The combination with a sectional die of a block under the sectional die
provided with a recess into which differently formed or different sizes of bottom
dies can be placed substantially as described.
31. The combination of a die holder with a conical bore or cavity a sectional die
and concentric guides between the sections of the die and the die holder keeping
the sections equally divided or apart when raised or lowered substantially as
described and for the purpose set forth.
32. The combination with channeled die holders for tube dies sectional bushings
fitting into the channels in the die holders and having channels similar or
dissimilar to the channels in the die holders for the purpose set forth.
33. The combination with channeled die holders for the tube dies block fitting
into the channel and arranged to fill up the remaining space when the tube dies are
shorter than the channels in the die holders so that dies for tubes of different
lengths can be put into the same die holders substantially as described.
Dated this 2nd day of June 1891.
TONGUE & BIRKBECK,
34, Southampton Buildings, Chancery Lane, London, W.C.,
Agents for the Patentec.