IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR MAKING RIVETS, BOLTS, SPIKES, AND OTHER SIMILAR ARTICLES
Year: 1865

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Richard Leddicoat, of Gateshead, in the County of
Durham, Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY
FOR MAKING RIVETS, BOLTS, SPIKES, AND OTHER SIMILAR ARTICLES."
Sealed the 3rd November 1865, and dated the 16th May 1865.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Richard Leddicoat at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 16th
May 1865.
I, RICHARD LEDDICOAT, of Gateshead, in the County of Durham, Engineer,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY FOR MAKING RIVETS, BOLTS, SPIKES, AND OTHER SIMILAR ARTICLES,"
to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to an improved self-acting machine for making rivets,
bolts, spikes, and other similar articles. A frame or carriage is fixed upon a
stand constructed of any suitable material, and of such a form as to support
firmly the bearings for the shafts and other working parts of the machine.
At each end of the said frame or carriage is fixed a pin or stud, upon which is
supported, so as to turn freely, a double-flanged rotary plate for holding the
dies in which the rivets, spikes, or other articles are formed. These dies are
introduced into their several positions in the rotary plate from a recess in the
inside of said plate, and are firmly held therein by a ring of iron or other
suitable material bolted to the said plate. This plate is caused to rotate at.
the required times and in the required direction by a tappet or lever fixed on
a shaft working in suitable bearings on the frame or carriage, said shaft being,

page_text: $6
driven by bevil wheels or other suitable gearing from the main or driving
shaft of the machine. On the periphery of the rotary plate are friction rollers,
working on studs fixed in the flanges of said plate, these friction rollers being
provided for the end of the tappet to work against, and arranged at suitable
distances to give the required motion to the rotary plate at each stroke of the
machine. In suitable positions on the frame or carriage are fixed bearings to
support sliding bow shafts" for "heading" and "knocking out" the rivets,
spikes, or other articles being manufactured. These shafts are operated by
excentric cams, fixed in a shaft, driven at the required velocity and in the
required direction by spur wheels or other suitable gearing from the main or
driving shaft of the machine. In the slotted part or bow of each of the sliding
"bow sbafts" are fixed two friction rollers for the cams to work against, and
the cams are of such a form as to give the backward and forward stroke to
the bow shafts" at the exact moment required, so that the operations of
"heading" and "knocking out." may be correctly performed. The rotary
plate is stopped and held in the required position at each stroke by means of
a stop or "pawl," fixed so as to fall into notches in the flanges of said plate,
and remain therein till the rivet, spike, or other article is finished. The stop
is then lifted by a cam or other suitable means, and the rotary plate is released
for another stroke. The bar or rod from which the rivets, spikes, or other
articles are formed is fed through a die fixed in the frame or carriage into the
dies in the rotary plate by means of grooved rollers, fixed on shafts working in
suitable bearings at the end of the machine, said rollers being operated by a
friction lever worked' by au excentric cam, and the required amount of travel
given to the rod or bar is regulated by means of a sliding block working in a
slot formed in the said lever, this block being connected to the excentric cam
by means of a rod, and adjusted and secured in the required position by means
of a screw working through the end of the slotted lever. An adjustable stop
is provided to regulate the size of the bead of the rivet, spike, or other article,
this stop being fixed in the frame or carriage in such a position as to stop the
end of the rod or bar as it is fed into the die. Another adjustable stop is also
provided for the end of the rivet, spike, or other article to bear against while
the pressure is given to form the head. When a rivet, spike, or other article
is to be made, a bar or rod of iron or other materia! is brought direct from the
furnace, and one end of this bar or rod is inserted between the feeding rollers.
These rollers carry the end of said bar or rod through the die in the carriage
or frame and through the die, then in position to receive it, fixed in the rotary
plate, till the end of the bar or rod rests against the adjustable stop provided
to regulate the size of the head of the rivet or other article. The rotary plate

page_text: is then caused partially to revolve, and thus shear or cut off the portion of the
bar or rod to form the rivet or other article. The portion remaining in the
die fixed in the rotary plate is, carried round to be "headed" by the hoading
tool fixed in the end of one of the sliding "bow shafts," the end of the rivet,
spike, or other article being caused to bear against the stop provided for that
purpose. When the head has been formed the rivet, spike, or other article
is "knocked out" by the pin fixed on the end of the other sliding "bow.
shaft." Another die is then in position to cut off the end of the bar or rod,.
and the several operations are repeated.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Richard Leddicoat in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
15th November 1865.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, RICHARD
LEDDICOAT, of Gateshead, in the County of Durham, Engineer, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Sixteenth day of May, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and sixty-five, in the twenty-eighth year of Her reign,
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said
Richard Leddicoat, Her special licence that I, the said Richard Leddicoat,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said
Richard Leddicoat, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any
time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the terin therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland,
the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MA-
CHINERY FOR MAKING RIVETS, BOLTS, SPIKES, AND OTHER SIMILAR ARTICLES," upon
the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Richard Leddicoat, my executors
or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one
of their bands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature
of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed,
and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters.
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Richard Leddicoat, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be

page_text: same to rivers, Don, O
the dies by means of self-acting feed rollers.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Figure 1 is a front elevation of a double rivet machine conducted according
to my Invention; Figure 2 an end elevation; Figure 3 a plan of the same;
Figure 4 a sectiou through the line y, y, Figure 3; Figures 5 and 6 represent
detached parts of the machine. Like letters refer to corresponding parts in
the several Figures.
The stand A and other parts of the machine are constructed of a con-
venient form and suitable material. Upon this stand is fixed a frame or
carriage B, which is so formed and arranged as to support conveniently and
firmly the shafts and other working parts of the machine. At each end of
the frame B is fixed a pin or stud C for carring a double-flanged rotary
plate D. The dies a are secured in the plates D, and for convenience of
construction these dies are introduced into their respective positions in plates D
from the recess formed upon the inside of said plates, and are firmly held
therein by a metal ring b, bolted or otherwise securely fastened to plates D.
The plates D are rotated at the proper time and in the required direction by
tappets or levers E, fixed on shaft F. This shaft rotates in bearings G on the
frame B. Motion is communicated to the said shaft from the shaft H through
the bevil wheels c, d. On the periphery of the plates D are secured the
friction rollers I. These rollers work on the studs e, fixed in the flanges of
the plates D. The said rollers are provided for the tappets E to act against,
and are arranged at suitable distances to give the exact motion to the plates D
required to bring the dies a successively into the proper position to enable the
operations of heading and knocking out the rivet, or bolt, or other article
to be accurately performed. The "bow rods" J, K, fitted to slide in the
bearings f, g, are operated by the cams L, M, fixed on the shaft H, the latter
being driven at the requisite velocity and in the proper direction by the toothed
wheels h, i, respectively fixed on the shafts H, N. The heading tools O are
fixed in the end of the rods J, and the knocking out" punches or drifts P

page_text: are fixed in the cross heads j, which are secured to the end of the rods K.
In the bows k, l, of the sliding rods J, K, are fixed friction rollers m, n,
against which the cams L, M, act, the said cams being so shaped and set on
the shaft II as to give the requisite forward and backward stroke to the
"bow rods" J, K, at the exact time required to perform properly the opera-
tions of "heading" and "knocking out" the rivets, bolts, or other similar.
articles. The plates D are stopped and held in the required positions for
"heading" and knocking out" by the stops or pawls o, which are arranged to
fall into the notches p formed in the flanges of the said plates; and the plates
D are released by raising said stops or pawls. These stops or pawls o are
raised by means of the levers q, r, the latter being connected together by
rods s and operated by the cams P. The bars or rods from which the rivets,
bolts, or other articles are formed are fed through the dies t into the dies a
by the action of the grooved feed roller's Q fixed on the shafts R, the latter
working in bearings & on the frame B. The rollers Q are operated by friction
levers S, and the length of the bar fed into the dies a at each stroke is regu-.
lated by "the adjustable blocks v, which are connected by the rods T to the
bow rod U. These blocks are adjusted by the screws w. The rod U is
moved forward and backward in its bearings by the action of the cam V fixed
on one end of the shaft H. The adjustable stops a regulate the size of the
head of the rivet, bolt, or other article. The fly wheel X and the driving
pulley Y are fixed on the shaft N. The machines, preferably constructed of>
iron and steel, may be varied in size to adapt them to the manufacture of
small and largo rivets, bolt, and other articles, and may be advantageously
constructed to form four articles at one operation. The Drawings represent a
machine for making two rivets, bolts, or other articles, and a machine for
making one at each operation may be employed if desired. The machine
having been set in motion by the application of power to the driving pulley Y,
to form a rivet, bolt, or other article, one end of a metal bar is presented to
the grooved feed rollers Q, by the action of which rollers the said end is
forced through one of the dies into one of the dies a, the two dies being
then exactly in line. The bar is usually heated, though not always ne-
cessary or perhaps desirable. The feed rollers carry the bar forward until its
end strikes against the adjustable step x, the latter being provided for the
purpose of regulating the size of the head. The plate D is then rotated by
the support E in the direction indicated by the arrow, Figure 4. This move-
ment, by the action of the dies a, t, severs the part of the bar remaining in
the die a, which is carried around to a position exactly opposite the heading
tool O fixed on the end of the "bow rod" J. This tool is pressed against the

page_text: blank by the action of the cam L with sufficient force to form the head of the
rivet, bolt, or other article. While this pressure is being applied to form the
head the other end of the blank bears against the adjustable stop y. When
the head is formed the rivet, bolt, or other article is carried around to a
position exactly opposite the punch P fixed on the cross head j'. This punch
forces the article out of the die and thus completes the operation. By the
peculiar arrangement of parts, as herein described and illustrated, one article is
headed while the preceding one is being forced out of the die, and the reversing
of the blank from the rod or bar is accomplished while the "heading" and
knocking out" tools are drawn back, thus equalizing the strain upon the
parts and increasing the productive capacity of the machinė.
Having thus fully described the nature of my improvements, and shewn
how the same may be conveniently and advantageously carried into practice,
I wish it understood that I do not limit myself to the exact details or arrange-
ment herein described and illustrated in the accompanying Drawings, but I
claim,―
First, the rotary plates D for carrying the dies a, constructed, arranged, and
operating in the manner substantially as described.
Second, the use of the stationary diet in combination with the rotating
dies a for the purpose set forth.
Third, the sliding rod J carrying the tool for forming the head of the rivet
or bolt, arranged and operating substantially as described.
Fourth, the sliding rod K for carrying the punch P, arranged and operating
substantially as described.
Fifth, the combination and arrangement of the moveable dies a, the stationary
die t, the revolving plate D, the heading and knocking out tools O, P, the
adjustable block v, and the adjustable stops x, y', substantially as herein set
forth.
.
In witness whereof, I, the said Richard Leddicoat, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Thirteenth day of November, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-five.
Signed in the presence of
HY. KEPPLE.
RICHARD LEDDICOAT. (L.S.)