IMPROVEMENTS IN ELECTRO- MAGNETIC ENGINES
Year: 1876

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Clark, of 53, Chancery Lane, in the County of'
Middlesex, Patent Agent, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN ELECTRO-
MAGNETIC ENGINES." A communication from abroad by Louis Bastet, of the
City of New York, in the County and State of New York, United States of
America
Sealed the 11th August 1876, and dated the 8th May 1876.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Clark at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 8th May 1876.
WILLIAM CLARK, of 53, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Patent
Agent. "IMPROVEMENTS IN ELECTRO-MAGNETIC ENGINES."
This Invention consists in the combination with the magnets of an electro-motor
of a rotary shaft or hub provided with a suitable number of T shaped armatures,
consisting of radial spokes or arms terminating in rectangular ends or cross heads,
each of said armatures being separate and distinct in itself, and having no metallic
connection with any other armature, except what may exist through a common hub,
whereby I am enabled to produce an electro-magnetic motor which is free from any
"back pull," and consequently one which is very powerful and efficient in all respects.
The electro-magnets are arranged at opposite ends of the base of the frame, and
preferably have T shaped cores, thereby presenting extending surfaces to the
armatures. The bodies or legs of the said cores are wound with insulated wire
in the usual way, forming a north pole and a south pole for each magnet. The two
wires from the north poles of the magnets are respectively fastened in binding
screws which, by means of two contact springs, communicate with the keys of a
distributing wheel, having its periphery made up of a series of metallic keys and
intervening circuit-breaking-surfaces, and also having a hub provided with a metal
facing, which connects with the keys and communicates through a contact spring
with a binding screw, in which the wire from the positive pole of the battery is
fastened. The wires from the south poles of the magnets are both secured in a
common binding screw, in which the wire from the negative pole of the battery is
also fastened. Thus the electric circuit through the magnets is intermittently
completed by the keys of the distributing wheel and the contact springs and the
magnets are magnetized sind demagnetized, so as to alternately attract and release the
armatures. The contact springs for the distributing wheel are respectively arranged so

page_text: that when one is in electrical contact with the key of the distributing wheel the
other rests on one of the non-conducting surfaces, and therefore the magnets will
attract the said armatures alternately, and will impart a more uniform motion to a
rotary shaft on which such armatures are arranged. The rotary shaft is journalled
in sido frames or standards of the machine, but it is obvious that in many cases
such shaft may constitute the driving shaft of the machine to be driven, of a sewing
machine for instance, and in such case the magnets will be arranged on some con-
venient part of such machine, the standards not being required.
Each armature consists of a radial arm extending from a common hub mounte 1
upon the rotary shaft, and provided at its outer end with a cross heid.
It should be observed that these several armatures are entirely isolated from each
other, having no connection of any kind with each other, except the common hub
or shaft. This absoluto inagnetic isolation of the arinatures one from the other is a
most important feature in an electro-magnetic engine, becauso in such cases the
magnetism which, in greater or less quantity, always remains in the magnets during
the intermission in the electric current is deprived of any body or substance
on which to exercise its attractive force, and thus the so-called back pull or
retardation which so impairs the effectiveness of other electro-magnetic motora is
obvinted.
It is preferred to make the cross heads of the arinatures deep and narrow, so that
they will present a suflicient surface to the magnets without offering any unnecessary
width of surface, and hence no retardation of the armatures themselves, by reason
of their construction, can take place; and it is preferable, also, to cast the armatures
in one piece with the hub, which caso the construction of the motor is much
simplified.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said William Clark in the Great Seal Patent Oflice on the 18th October
1870.
WILLIAM CLARK, of 53, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Patent
Agent "IMPROVEMENTS IN ELECTRO-MAGNETIC ENGINES." A communication from
abroad by Louis Bastet, of the City of New York, in the County and State of New
York, United States of America.
This Invention consists in the combination with the magnets of an electro-motor
of a rotary shaft or hub provided with a suitable number of shaped armatures,
consisting of radial spokes or arms terminating in rectangular ends or cross head,
cach of said armatures being separate and distinct in itself, and having no metallic
connection with any other armature, except what may exist through a common hub,
whereby I am enabled to produce an electro-magnetic motor which is free from
any "back pull," and consequently one which is very powerful and efficient in all
respects.
In the accompanying Drawing Figure 1 is a vertical cross section of an electro-
magnetic motor containing this improvement, taken on the plane of the line x, x,
Figure 2; Figure 2 is a vertical axial section of the same taken on the plane of the
line y, y, Figure 1.
Figure 3 is a plan or top view of the motor.
Figure 4 is a transverse section of the hub of the distributing wheel, taken on
the plane of the line, z, Figure 2; and Figure 5 is a transverse section of the said
distributing wheel taken on the plane of the line w, tv, of Figure 2.
A, A, designate the electro-magnets which are arranged at opposite ends of the
base D of the frame, and which, preferably, have T shaped cores p,p, (see Figure 2),
thereby presenting extended surfaces to the armatures. The bodies or legs of the
said cores are wound with insulated wire in the usual way, forming a north pole a
and a south pole b for each magnet. The two wires from the north poles a of the

page_text: magnets are respectively fastened in the binding screws M, M, which, by means of
two contact springs K, K, communicate with the keys of a distributing wheel F
having its periphery made up of a series of metallic keys g, g, and intervening
circuit breaking surfaces h, h, (see Figure 5), and also having a hub e provided with
à metal facing f which connects with the keys g, g, and communicates through a
contact spring H with the binding screw I, in which the wire from the positivò polo
of the battery is fastened. The wires from the south poles b, b, of the magnets are
both secured in the common binding screw P, in which the wire from the negative
pole of the battery is also fastened. Thus the electric circuit through the magnets
is intermittently completed by the keys of the distributing wheel and the contact
springs K, K, and the magnets are magnetized and demagnetized so as to alternately
attract and release the armatures B, C, B, C. The contact springs K, K, are respectively
arranged so that when one is in electrical contact with a key g of the distributing
wheel the other rests on one of the non-conducting surfaces h, h, (see Figure 5), and
therefore the magnets A will attract the said armatures B, C, alternately, and will
impart a more uniform motion to the rotary shaft G on which such armatures aro
arranged. The rotary shaft G in this instance is journaled in the side frames or
standards 0, 0, of the machine, but it is obvious that in many cases such shaft may
constitute the driving shaft of the machine to be driven, of a sewing machine for
instance, and in such case the magnets A, A, will be arranged on some convenient
part of such machine, the standards O, O, not being required. Such arrangement
of the magnets is illustrated by the dotted outlines in Figures 1 and 2.
Each armature B, C, consists of a radial arm B which extends from a common
hub S mounted upon the rotary shaft G, and is provided at its outer end with a
cross head C.
It will be observed that these several armatures B, C, are entirely isolated from
cach other, having no connection of any kind with each other, except the common
hub S or shaft G. This absolute magnetic isolation of the armatures one from the
other is a most important feature in an electro-magnetic engine, because in such
cases the magnetism which, in greater or less quantity always remains in the
magnets during the intermissions in the electric current during the intermissions in
the electric current is deprived of any body or substance on which to exercise its
attractive force, and thus the so-called back pull or retardation which so impairs
the effectiveness of other electro-magnetic motors is obviated.
It is preferred to make the cross heads C deep and narrow, so that they will
present a sufficient surface to the magnets without offering any unnecessary width
of surface, and hence no retardation of the armatures themselves, by reason of their
construction, can take place; and it is preferable, also, to cast the armatures B, C, in.
one piece with the hub S, in which case the construction of the motor is much
simplified.
I
. Having described the nature of the said Invention, and the manner of performing
the same, I declare that what I claim as the Invention to be protected by the herein-
before in part recited Letters Patent is, in an electro-magnetic motor the combination
with the rotary shaft G or hub S of the series of T shaped armatures B, C, con-
sisting of radial arms B and axially or laterally extending cross heads C, the said
T shaped armatures being magnetically isolated from each other, and having no
connection of any kind one with another, except through their common hub S on
the shaft G, substantially as herein specified.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Clark, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this Eighteenth day of October, in the year of our Lord Oue
thousand eight hundred and seventy-six.