IMPROVEMENTS IN BREECH- LOADING FIRE-ARMS.
Year: 1873

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Samuel Remington, of Ilion, New York, United
States of America, now of Prince's Square, in the County of Mid-
dlesex, Manufacturer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN BREECH-
LOADING FIRE-ARMS.' -A communication from abroad by E. Reming-
ton and Sons. of Ilion aforesaid. Gun Manufacturers.
Sealed the 17th October 1873, and dated the 23rd April 1873.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left, by the said Samuel Remington at
.
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 23rd April 1873.
.. I, SAMUEL REMINGTON, of Ilion, New York, United States of America,*
now of Prince's Square, in the County of Middlesex, Manufacturer, do.
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
BREECH-LOADING FIRE-ARMS," a communication, to be as follows: -
་
My Invention relates to improvements in breech-loading fire-arms,"
and more especially to improvements in various parts of the breech'
mechanism of the arms known as the "Remington" guns and pistols.
>

page_text: +
My said Invention is partly designed to afford the means for insuring
the positive withdrawal of the firing pin within the breech block, and
also to means for securing the breech block when the breech is closed.
In applying this part of my Invention to the aforesaid "Remington "
arms I combine with the breech block thereof a lever which is pivoted a
to the said breech block, and connected at its upper end with the firing
pin; the lower end of the said lever is kept by a spring in contact with
a stud or shoulder. When the said breech block is swung back to permit
the insertion of a cartridge in the breech chamber the said lever is
caused by the spring to ride over the said shoulder and draw back the
firing pin into the breech block, so that the end of the pin does not
project from the front of the same, but when the block is pushed
forward to close the breech the said lever by its action on the fixed
shoulder will retain the breech block in this closed position, while
the lever turning slightly on its pivot leaves the firing pin free to move ]
forward when struck by the hammer. I modify this contrivance by using
an inclined piece for the lower end of the lever to act upon to cause
the drawing back of the firing pin.
'
The object of this part of my Invention may also be effected as
follows: I form in the body of the firing pin a notch whose rear side 2
is inclined or sloping. I fit in the breech block a stud which works in
an aperture extending transversely across the block below the firing pin.
This stud has an inclined surface. When the breech block is turned
backward the outer end or head of the said stud strikes the side of the
breech frame and is thereby forced inward, its inclined surface then acts a
on that of the firing pin and causes it to slide backward in the block.
When the firing pin is struck by the hammer the action of the pin and
stud is reversed.
•
I also carry this part of my Invention into effect as follows:- -I
dispense with the aforesaid lever and form in the firing pin a hole or a
slot, and the breech block has a slot below the said pin extending from
the hole in which the latter works through the under side of the block.
A stud is fixed in the breech chamber, and has an inclined point which
projects up into such a position that when the breech block is drawn
back this point enters the hole in the breech block and catches in the
slot of the firing pin forcing the same backward in the block. Instead
of making the firing pin with a hole it may have a shoulder or stud for
the said projection to act upon, or the firing pin may have a rigid arm

page_text: projecting downward, the lower end of the said arm being beviled and
arranged to come in contact with a fixed stud whereby it is actuated to
force back the firing pin when the breech is opened.
'
I may further modify this part of my Invention by substituting for
the above described firing pin a firing pin made in two parts, the rear
part being inclined to bring it in the proper position to be struck by the
hammer, or I may use a pivoted piece which has one end formed to
project through the front of the breech block to act on the cartridges,
and whose other end or am extends down through a slot at the back
of the breech block; this end is arranged to be acted upon by the said
fixed stud which causes the said pivoted piece to turn on its pivot so
that its end serving as the firing pin is withdrawn within the block
when the latter is turned back. In this arrangement of parts the cock
or hammer will not require the ordinary nose but will strike the pivoted
firing piece with its locking shoulder.
I also use a pivoted piece operating in the manner above described,
but whose fulcrum is the bolt on which the breech block turns. In
combination with this pivoted piece I employ a spring arm with a hook
on its end arranged to engage in a notch in the said pivoted piece when
the latter and the breech block are turned back. The said hook is
designed to hold the pivoted piece while the block is being closed until
a shoulder on the said block forces it out of the notch and leaves the
said pivoted piece free to move forward with the said block. Another
notch is formed in the said pivoted piece for the reception of the hook
and in which the latter engages to hold the said pivoted piece in the
proper position to be struck by the cock or hammer; this last-mentioned
notch also serves for slightly retracting the pivoted piece or pin when
the hammer is raised.
The above description relates more especially to fire-arms with a
breech block formed of one single piece, as in the said "Remington".
arms.
In arms which have the breech block made in two parts I adapt these
improvements to the same as follows: The firing pin may be arranged
to be moved by the swinging or locking part of the said breech block,
the thumb piece on this part of the block is fitted in a recess in the rear
part of the block at the side of the firing pin, to which it is connected
by a pin or other device, whereby when the said thumb-piece is drawn

page_text: back to open the breech it will draw back the firing pin, the said thumb
piece when pushed forward in closing the breech leaving the said pin
free to act when struck by the hammer. Or the firing pin may have
an-arm projecting laterally into a position to be struck by the thumb
piece, thereby drawing back the firing pin in opening the breech. Or
instead of having the firing pin operated by the said thumb piece it
may be made with a laterally projecting arm arranged to be actuated
by an incline made in or upon the inner face of the frame.
I also combine with the breech mechanism of these fire-arms novel
contrivances for locking the breech and preventing its being blown open
by a premature discharge before the cock or hammer descends. For
this purpose I form on the lower side of the breech block a projection
arranged to take into a latch pivoted on the hammer bolt or to any
convenient part of the frame. The front end of this latch may be
arranged to rest against a shoulder on the frame. By this contrivance
the breech will be locked before it is completely closed. For releasing
the said latch to permit the breech to be opened I combine with the said
latch a lever pivoted to the side of the breech block. In a modification
of this safety locking device the said latch and lever are formed in one
piece.
"
My improvements also relate to cartridge extractors for the aforesaid
'Remington" arms and other similar fire-arms.
According to one arrangement of this part of my Invention the
extractor is made in the form of a curved lever whose fulcrum is
supported in a notch on the side of the guard strap. One arm of the
said lever extends upward and has a hook properly shaped to lie under
the rim of a cartridge in the charge chamber, this end of the lever is also
formed with a tooth arranged in a position to be struck by another tooth
on the breech block when the latter is turned back, this movement
starts the cartridge shell from the said chamber. The other arm of the
said lever is a short piece which lies below the rear shoulder of the
breech block, and as the latter is turned back after starting the
cartridge shell the said rear shoulder strikes the short arm of the lever
and causes it to jerk the cartridge shell out of the arm. Or instead of
the above contrivance I may use a rotary extractor. This extractor is
fitted to turn upon the pin of the breech block, and the latter has a
shoulder which when the block is turned back acts on a shoulder on

page_text: the extractor, and thereby starts the cartridge shell from the charge
chamber. On the lower part of the extractor I form a flat portion or
plane which when the extractor is partially turned back is so acted on
by a spring that the extractor is thrown further back with a sharp
or sudden action and the extraction of the cartridge shell is thereby
completed.
:
Another part of my said improvements relates to contrivances for
permitting the aforesaid Remington arms to be loaded at half-cock.
For this purpose the hammer and locking cam forming part of the well-
known breech mechanism of these arms are made separately. The said
cam turns upon a pin in the frame, and the hammer turns on a pin
on the cam. The said cam and hammer are connected by a hooked
lever which is pressed upward to the cam by the main spring acting
through the trigger, and while the hammer is thus locked with the
cam, on bringing it back to the half-cock notch the said cam is turned
back far enough to permit the turning back of the breech block. If
the backward movement of the breech block is continued the said
lever will release the cam, and the latter will be pressed against the
breech block by the main spring. When the breech block is turned
forward the cam will be forced under it by the main spring, the
hammer being at the same time held by the trigger at half-cock.
In some cases I combine with the above mechanism a device for
making the part that locks the hammer independent of the trigger to
prevent any possibility of accidentally forcing the trigger out of the
half-cock notch by the fingers.
In this modification of my Invention the trigger has a projection
formed and arranged to engage with a notch on the aforesaid connecting
lever and thereby hold the hammer. The trigger is also formed with a
nose which in case the arm is not fired after being cocked enters another
notch in the said lever and locks it safely. A projection is formed on
the guard strap to ensure the engagement of the said lever with the
cam. A fly is so arranged that at the forward movement of the cam
it compresses the main spring, when the hammer is drawn back to the
full cock notch and the fly is released the latter is depressed. The end
of the main spring is forked at its lower end, one part acting on the said
fly and the other on the trigger.
In another modification of this part of my Invention I place below
the breech block a fly, whereby it is kept closed when otherwise unsup-

page_text: ported. At the side of this fly I arrange a lever formed with a hook
arranged to take into the half-cock notch of the hammer when the
latter is at full cock. The trigger and sear are separate, but pivoted
on the same pin, the sear has a shoulder whereon the sear spring presses;
this shoulder transmits the movement of the trigger to the sear when
the trigger is pulled. The breech block when pulled back strikes the
sear and throws it out of the notch of the hammer, allowing the latter
to be pressed by the main spring against the breech block and under
the same to lock it after the cartridge is inserted. A spring is placed
under the said lever to prevent its striking the guard, and to diminish
the pressure of the hammer against the breech block. The trigger has
a projection which engages with a notch on the hammer and limits its
forward movement, and also serves to hold it if the half-cock notch
should fail.
The foregoing description of my improvements has more especial
reference to their application to rifles and similar arms, but it is obvious
that with slight modifications they may be applied to pistols with breech
mechanism of similar construction.
In the aforesaid "Remington" guns as heretofore constructed there
has been a main spring consisting of a single straight piece and a
separate trigger spring, but I now use a double main spring, that is to
say, a spring consisting of a doubled or bent piece of steel, and I dispense
with the separate trigger spring. And I make on the foward face of
the ramrod stop a flange which enters a slot in the sides of the frame,
and is kept in place therein by the guard strap.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Samuel Remington in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 22nd October 1873.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, SAMUEL
REMINGTON, of Ilion, New York, United States of America, now of 3
Prince's Square, in the County of Middlesex, Manufacturer, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Tinderun Dodont
A

page_text: of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-three, in the thirty-
sixth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said Samuel Remington, Her special license
that I, the said Samuel Remington, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, or such others as I, the said Samuel Remington, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no
others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
BREECH-LOADING FIRE-ARMS," a communication to me from abroad by
E. Remington and Sons, of Ilion aforesaid, Gun Manufacturers, upon the
condition (amongst others) that I, the said Samuel Remington, my
executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or
their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and
ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal
Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the
date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Samuel Remington, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement, reference being had to the accompanying Drawings
forming a part of this Specification :-
My Invention relates to improvements in breech-loading fire-arms,
and more especially to improvements in various parts of the breech
mechanism of fire-arms constructed according to the " 'Remington
system.
"
In the Drawings those parts common to all the modifications of the
said improvements are indicated by the same letters of reference.
A is the breech frame, B is the barrel, and C is the guard strap; the
other well known parts of these arms need not be particularly indicated
except as may be necessary to explain their connection with my present:
improvements.
My said Invention is partly designed to afford the means for insuring
the positive withdrawal of the firing pin within the breech block, and
also to means for securing the breech block when the breech is closed.

page_text: "
1.
One method of applying this part of my Invention to the aforesaid
Remington" arms is illustrated in Figures 1 and 2.
Figure 1 is a longitudinal section of the breech of a rifle; Figure 2
shews detached portions of the same. I combine with the breech
block a of the said rifle a lever b which is pivoted at 6¹ to the said breech
block and is connected at its upper end with the firing pin c. The
lower end of the said lever is kept by a spring 62 in contact with a stud
or shoulder d. When the said breech block is swung back to permit
the insertion of a cartridge in the breech chamber the lever 6 is caused
by the spring to ride over the shoulder d and draw back the firing pin
into the breech block a, so that its end does not project from the front
of the said block, but when the block a is pushed forward to close the
breech the lever 6 by its action on the fixed shoulder d will retain the
breech block in this closed position, while the lever b turning slightly
on its pivot leaves the firing pin c free to move forward when struck
by the hammer.
:
Various modifications of this contrivance are shewn in Figures 3 to 20.
Figure 3 is a longitudinal section of the breech of a rifle. In this arm
an inclined piece d' is provided for the lower end of the lever 6 to act
upon to cause the drawing back of the firing pin c. Figure 4 is an
elevation partly in section of the breech of a rifle shewing the breech
closed; Figure 5 is a similar view shewing it open; Figure 6 is a section
on the line x, x, Figure 4; Figure 7 is a similar section on the line x, x,
Figure 5; Figures 8 to 11 shew detached portions of this mechanism.
In this arm I form in the body of the firing pin c a notch c¹ whose
rear side is inclined or sloping at c². I fit in the breech block a a stud ƒ
which works in an aperture extending transversely across the block a
below the firing pin c. This stud has an inclined surface f¹. When
the breech block a is turned backward the outer end or head f2 of the
said stud strikes the side of the breech frame and is thereby forced a
inward; its inclined surface f¹ then acts on the surface c² of the firing
pin c and causes the latter to slide backward in the block a; when the
said firing pin is struck by the hammer the action of the pin c and
stud f is reversed. Figures 4 and 6 shew, the firing pin forced forward;
Figures 5 and 7 shew it withdrawn; Figure 12 is a longitudinal section
of the breech of a rifle wherein the above described mechanism is
modified as follows:-The firing pin c has a hole or slot somewhat like.

page_text: the pin in Figure 3, but I dispense with the lever b. The. breech
block a has a slot below the said pin extending from the hole in which
the latter works through the under side of the block. In the breech
chamber is fixed a stud 9 which has an inclined point and projects up
into such a position that when the breech block a is drawn back or
turned on its fulcrum at this point is permitted by the hole in the
block a to meet and enter the slot in the firing pin c, thereby forcing
the same backward in the block. Figure 13 shews the firing pin c with
a rigid arm or stud c³ projecting downward, the lower end of the said
arm being bevelled and arranged to come in-contact with a fixed stud
whereby it is actuated to force back the firing pin when the breech is
opened.
I may further modify this part of my Invention by substituting for
'the above described firing pin a firing pin made in two parts, the rear
part being inclined to bring it in the proper position to be struck by the
hammer.
°
: Figure 15 shews the breech block and hammer of a "Remington'
rifle detached. In this modification of my Invention e' is a pivoted
piece which has one end c³ formed to project through the front of the
breech block a to act on the cartridges, and whose rear end extends
down through a slot at the back of the breech block a, and is arranged
to be acted upon by a fixed stud which causes the pivoted piece c* to
turn on its pivot c* so that its end c³ is withdrawn within the block a
when the latter is turned back. In this arrangement of parts the cock
or hammer will not require the ordinary nose but will strike the pivoted.
firing piece c with its locking shoulder. Figure 16 shews a pivoted
piece c operating in the same manner as that above described, but
whose fulcrum is the bolt a¹ on which the breech block a turns. In
combination with this pivoted piece c* I employ a spring arm with a
hook on its end arranged to engage in a notch of in the said pivoted
piece when the latter and the breech block are turned back. The said
hook is designed to hold the pivoted piece while the block is being
closed until a shoulder c on the said block forces it out of the notch
and leaves the said pivoted piece free to move forward with the block a.
Another notch c³ is formed in the said pivoted piece for the reception
of the hook, and in which the latter engages to hold the said pivoted
piece in the proper position to be struck by the cock or hammer; this
last-mentioned notchi also serves for slightly retracting the pivoted piece.

page_text: or pin c when the hammer is raised: The pin c³ prevents the falling
back of the firing piece c* beyond the proper distance.
The foregoing description relates more especially to arms with a
breech block formed of one single piece as in the said " "Remington "
arms..
In arms which have the breech block made in two parts I adapt
these improvements to the same as follows :-
Figure 14 is a side elevation of a breech block made in two parts.
In this arrangement the firing pin is moved by the swinging or locking
part a* of the said breech block.
Figure 17 is a front view, and Figure 18 a side view partly in section
of a similar breech block. In these Figures the thumb piece on the
part a* of the block is fitted in a recess in the part a of the block at
the side of the firing pin to which it is connected by a pin i or other
device whereby when the said thumb piece is drawn back to open the
breech it will draw back the firing pin. The said thumb piece when
pushed forward in closing the breech leaves the said firing pin free to
act when struck by the hammer.
Figure 19 is a front view, and Figure 20 a side view of a modification
of this device. The firing pin c in this case has an arm c³ projecting
laterally into a position to be struck by the thumb picce, thereby
drawing back the firing pin in opening the breech. Or instead of
having the firing pin operated by the said thumb piece it may be made
with a laterally projecting arm arranged to be actuated by an incline
made in or upon the inner face of the frame as shewn at g', Figure 12.
I also combine with the breech mechanism of these fire-arms novel
contrivances for locking the breech and preventing its being blown open
by a premature discharge before the cock or hammer descends. For
this purpose I employ the contrivances shewn in Figure 3. I form on
the lower side of the breech block a projection j arranged to take into
a latch k pivoted on the hammer bolt or to any convenient part of
the frame. The said latch has a shoulder which engages with th
projection when the latch is free to yield to the pressure of the.
spring. The front end of this latch k is arranged to rest against a
shoulder m on the frame to increase the security of the locking. By
this contrivance the breech will be locked before it is completely closed..

page_text: For releasing the said latch to permit the breech to be opened I
combine with the said latch a lever n pivoted to the side of the breech
block a.
This lever has a thumb piece n¹ for manipulating it and the
block a. The lower end of this lever has a bevelled face, which acting
in concert with the incline 1 in the latch depresses the latter and
releases the breech block.
In the modification illustrated in Figure 14 the locking part a* of the
block and the lever n are formed in one picce.
"
My improvements also relate to cartridge extractors for the aforesaid
Remington" arms and other similar fire-arms.
One arrangement of this part of my Invention is illustrated in
Figures 21 and 22, which are longitudinal sections of a rifle.
Figure 21 shews the parts in the position they occupy at the mo-
ment the discharge takes place. Figure 22 shews them in the position
for receiving the cartridge. The extractor o is made in the form of a
curved lever whose fulcrum o' is supported in a notch in the guard
strap C.
One arm o³ of the said lever extends upward, and has a
hook o properly shaped to lie under the rim of a cartridge in the
charge chamber, as shewn in Figure 21; this end of the lever is also
formed with a tooth o' arranged in position to be struck by another
tooth o on the breech block a when the latter is turned back, this.
movement starts the cartridge shell from the said chamber. The other
arm o° of the said lever is a short piece which lies below the rear
shoulder of the breech block a, and as the latter is turned back after
starting the cartridge shell, the said rear shoulder strikes this short arm o®
as shewn in Figure 22, and causes the lever o to jerk the cartridge shell.
out of the arm. Or instead of the above contrivance I may use a rotary
extractor, see Figures 23 and 25, which are longitudinal sections of a
rifle with the parts in different positions. The extractor o is fitted to
turn upon the pin a¹ of the breech block a, and the latter has a
shoulder P which when the block a is turned back acts on a shoulder o'
on the extractor, and thereby starts the cartridge shell from the charge
chamber. On the lower part of the extractor o I form a flat portion or
plane, which when the extractor is partially turned back is so acted on
by a spring q that the extractor is thrown further back with a sharp.
or sudden action and the extraction of the cartridge shell is thereby
completed.

page_text: 3. Another part of my said improvements relates to contrivances for
permitting the aforesaid "Remington" arms to be loaded at half-cock;
this part of my Invention is illustrated in Figures 23, 24, 25, and also
in Figures 26, 27, 28. In the last-named Figures 'the hammer r and
locking cam r³, forming part of the well-known breechi mechanism of
these arms are made separately. The said cam turns upon a pin 7.3
in the frame, and the hammer turns on a pin on the cam. The
said cam and hammer are connected by a hooked lever *, which is
pressed upward to the cam by the main spring acting through the
trigger. Figure 26 shews the hammer r locked with the cam so
that on bringing the said hammer to the half-cock notch the cam is
also withdrawn far enough to permit the opening of the breech block.
Figure 27 shews the lever disengaged from the cam, the latter then
being free is caused by the main spring to press against the face of the
breech block, and as soon as the latter is turned forward the hammer
being free, and both being influenced by the main spring, the cam is
forced under the breech block, and locks it, while the hammer remains
at the half-cock notch as shewn in Figure 28.
In some cases I combine with the above mechanism a device for
making the part that locks the hammer independent of the trigger to
prevent any possibility of accidentally forcing the trigger out of the
half-cock notch by the fingers, see Figures 29 and 30.
In this modification of my Invention the trigger s has a projection §¹
formed and arranged to engage with a shoulder and thereby hold
the hammer at the firing notch. The trigger is also formed with a
nose which, if the arm is not fired after being cocked, enters a
notch in the said lever and locks the hammer safely. A projec-
tion s³ is formed on the guard strap to ensure the engagement of the
lever with the cam r¹. A fly 86 is so arranged that at the forward.
movement of the cam it compresses the main spring, when the hammer
is drawn back to the full cock notch and the fly is released the latter
is depressed. The end of the main spring is forked at its lower end, one
part acting on the said fly and the other on the trigger.
In the arm shewn in Figures 23, 24, 25, I place below the breech'
block a a fly t, whereby the said block is kept closed when otherwise
unsupported. At the side of this fly I arrange a lever which has a
hook arranged to take into the half-cock notch of the hammer when
the latter is at full-cock, as shown in Figure 25. The triggers and
J

page_text: sear are separate but pivoted on the same pin s*; the sear has a
shoulder at its rear end whereon the sear spring presses. This shoulder
transmits the movement of the trigger to the sear when the trigger is
pulled. The breech block a when pulled depresses the front end of the
lever causing it to engage with the half-cock notch of the hammer r,
at the end of its backward movement the block a strikes the sear 8³
and throws it out of the full-cock notch of the hammer allowing the
latter to be pressed by the main spring against the breech block. The
cartridge is then inserted and the breech block closed and the hammer
is forced under the block to lock it as in Figure 24. A spring & is.
placed under the lever t¹. As the hammer advances it draws back the
lever and compresses the spring which prevents the levers striking
the guard and diminishes the pressure of the hammer against the breech
block. In bringing back the hammer to the firing notch the lever t
is caused by the spring to assume its original position, being further
depressed by the trigger in the act of firing. The triggers has a pro-
jection which engages with a notch * on the hammer and limits
its forward movement and also serves to hold it if the half-cock notch
should fail to act.
.
The foregoing description of my improvements has more especial
reference to their application to rifles and similar arms, but it is obvious.
that with slight modifications they may be applied to pistols with brecch
mechanism of similar construction, as shewn in Figure 31, which is a
longitudinal section of a pistol with the parts in position for inserting
a cartridge. Figures 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, shew the mechanism for
actuating the firing pin in the said pistol; r is the hammer; o, the
cartridge extractor; c, the firing pin; and d, the firing pin retractor.
In the aforesaid "Remington" arms as heretofore constructed there
is a main spring consisting of a single straight piece and a separate
trigger spring, but I now use a double main spring, that is to say, a
spring consisting of a double or bent piece of steel, as shewn in
Figures 21, 22, and I dispense with the separate trigger spring. I make
on the forward face of the ramrod stop wo a flange w¹ which enters a
slot in the sides of the frame and is kept in place therein by the guard
strap.
Having thus fully described the said Invention; and the manner of
performing the same, I wish it understood that I claim the improvements
in brecchi-loading firc-arms as herein described, that is to say:-.

page_text: First. The means for insuring the positive withdrawal of the firing
pin within the breech block, as herein described and as illustrated in
Figures 1 and 2 of the Drawings.
Second. The means for securely holding the breech block when closed
as herein described and as illustrated in the same Figures.
Third. The means for drawing back the firing pin simultaneously with
the opening of the breech, substantially as set forth and as illustrated
in Figure 3 of the Drawings, and each of the various modifications of
this contrivance, herein described and illustrated in the other Figures
of the Drawings.
Fourth. In a breech-loading fire-arm whose breech block is made in
two parts, the mechanism whereby the breech is locked before it is com-
pletely closed as herein described, and as illustrated in Figure 14 of the
Drawings, and also each of the various modifications of the same as
herein specified.
Fifth. The contrivance illustrated in Figures 3 and 14, whereby the
breech is locked before the hammer descends as herein set forth.
Sixth. The adaptation of the above described devices for ensuring the
positive withdrawal of the firing pin to a fire-arm whose breech block is
made in two parts, as herein set forth.
.
Seventh. The combination of mechanism for locking and releasing
the breech block, as illustrated in Figure 3, and each of the modifications
thereof herein described, operating in the manner set forth.
Eighth. The cartridge extracting mechanism as illustrated in Figures 21
and 22 of the Drawings, operating in combination with the other parts
of the breech as herein set forth.
Ninth. The cartridge extracting mechanism as illustrated in Figures 23
and 25 of the Drawings, operating in combination with the other parts
of the breech as herein set forth.
Tenth. The contrivance or combination of mechanism for permitting
the said "Remington" arms to be loaded at half-cock as illustrated in
Figures 23 to 28 of the Drawings, and operating as herein set forth.
Eleventh. The combination with the above mechanism of the device
for making the part that locks the hammer independent of the trigger,
as illustrated in Figures 29 and 30, operating as herein set forth and for
the purpose specified.

page_text: Twelfth. The combination of a fly with the other parts of the breech
mechanism for keeping the breech locked when otherwise unsupported,
as herein set forth.
Thirteenth. The adaptation of various parts of my aforesaid improve-
ments either separately or combinedly to a pistol, as herein described and
as illustrated in Figures 31 to 37 of the Drawings.
"
Fourteenth. The adaptation of a double or bent main spring to the
said " Remington arms, as herein set forth and as illustrated in
Figures 21 and 22 of the Drawings..
In witness whereof, I, the said Samuel Remington, have here-
unto set my hand and seal, this Twenty-second day of October,
in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-
three.
Witness,
W. ROB. LAKE,
8, Southampton Buildings,
London.
S. REMINGTON. (L.s.)