IMPROVEMENTS IN TEMPLES FOR LOOMS, AND IN APPARATUS OR MECHANISM CONNECTED THEREWITH
Year: 1878

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Edward Griffith Brewer, of Chancery Lane, in the County
of Middlesex, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN TEMPLES FOR LOOMS,
AND IN APPARATUS OR MECHANISM CONNECTED THEREWITH." A communication
from abroad by Jean Baptiste Ernest Brulé, of 2, Rue Sainte Appoline, Paris,
France.
Sealed the 13th September 1878, and dated the 16th March 1878.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Edward Griffith Brewer at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 16th March 1878.
EDWARD GRIFFITH BREWER, of Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN TEMPLES FOR LOOMS, AND IN APPARATUS OR MECHANISM
CONNECTED THEREWITH." (A communication from abroad by Jean Baptiste Ernest
Brulé, of 2, Rue Sainte Appoline, Paris, France.)
This Invention refers to temples for looms, whereby gripping or stretching
appliances are applied thereto operating automatically, the chief object being to
maintain the fabric under manufacture of equal breadth from the re-entry of the
chain threads into the comb. A convenient way of obtaining this result is to
employ four grippers, two to the right and two to the left, operating automatically,
and the Invention may be carried into effect substantially as follows:-
The first gripper is placed as close as desired to the comb without touching it,
and thus the fabric is maintained exactly to the width of the re-entry of the chain
threads in the "sley" or reed, and the two other grippers, which may be called
auxiliary, are placed behind and against the first gripper to keep the fabric stretched,
while these first grippers let it go and advance afresh near the comb to stretch
it; subsequently the auxiliary grippers let go in their turn and become placed
against the first by the enlargement of the fabric, the movement then goes on
continuously.
The motion of the grippers and the regulation thereof is accomplished by means
of mechanism placed on the loom at the opposite side to the driving appliances.

page_text: A connecting rod, made preferably of flattened iron, the oscillating point or
fulcrum of which is on the batten, communicates its motion to a bell-crank lever, at
the end of which a pawl acts on a ratchet. Two eccentrics mounted on the same
axis as the ratchet each drive a lever acting on a pair of grippers. The levers
opposite to these latter are connected by means of a metal bar passing under the
fabric.
At the upper part of each lever there is a joint pieco, preferably made of bronze,
traversed by an adjustable threaded bar, which acts directly on the lover of each
gripper. To each bar there are four nuts, by means of which the course or travel
of the gripper can be regulated at pleasure; on the fabric and against the breast
beam a wood or other bar is placed, at the end of which there are supports for
supporting the parts, permitting them to follow the motions of the fabric. This
cross piece is capable of being lengthened or shortened by means of a slide placed
at or about the middle.
On the breast beam two plates are fitted, one to the right and the other to the
left, on which there are two adjustable holders, each traversed by a bar, which
serves as point of articulation to the arms of the lever of the grippers. The result
is that the loom being in motion the first gripper lets go at the same time that the
weft comes down, it advances, takes hold of again, and strotches the fabric before
the following weft issues; it is then that the auxiliary gripper, after a fresh stroke
of the batten, lets go in its turn and becomes replaced against the first gripper,
stretching the fabric. The ratchet is changed according to the sort of fabric to be
made. The eccentrics have two or more grooves, and the grippers every six wefts
or blows of the batten. Spiral or other suitable springs are connected to the lower
arms of the grippers.
The bronze or other points or jaws of the grippers are attached to the lower arms
in such manner that the upper arm of the grippers has its oscillating motion from
the axis of the cap, the traction being produced by means of rods causes an inclined
plane to be introduced below the inclined plane of the gripper and to close it, and
to press the fabric between the jaws of the grippers, throttle pulleys with cords
advancing the grippers.
The Invention is applicable generally for maintaining the fabric during manu-
facture at even and regulated widths, and the arrangement of some of the working
parts may be modified without departing from the Invention.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Edward Griffith Brewer in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 16th
September 1878.
Edward GriffitH BREWER, of Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN TEMPLES FOR LOOMS, AND IN APPARATUS OR MECHANISM
CONNECTED THEREWITH." (A coinmunication from abroad by Jean Baptiste Ernest
Brulé, of 2, Rue Sainte Appoline, Paris, France.)
This Invention refers to temples for looms, whereby gripping or stretching
appliances are applied thereto operating automatically, the chief object being to
maintain the fabric under manufacture of equal breadth from the re-entry of the
chain threads into the comb. A convenient way of obtaining this result is to
employ four grippers, two to the right and two to the left, operating automatically,
and the Invention may be carried into effect substantially as follows:-
The first gripper is placed as close as desired to the comb without touching it,
and thus the fabric is maintained exactly to the width of the re-entry of the chain
threads in the "sley" or reed, and the two other grippers, which may be called
auxiliary, are placed behind and against the first gripper to keep the fabric stretched,
while these first grippers let it go and advance afresh near the comb to stretch
it; subsequently the auxiliary grippers let go in their turn and become placed
against the first by the enlargement of the fabric; the movement then goes on
continuously.
The motion of the grippers and the regulation thereof is accomplished by means
of mechanism placed on the loom at the opposite side to the driving appliances.
The Invention is applicable generally for maintaining the fabric during manu-
facture at even and regulated widths, and the arrangement of some of the working
parts may be modified without departing from the Invention.
And in order that the Invention may be clearly understood I will now proceed to
describe the accompanying Sheet of Drawings.
Figure 1 is a view in plan of a loom showing a temple constructed according to
one arrangement of my Invention applied thereto; Figure 2 is a view in side
elevation of the same loom on the motion side thereof.
Figure 3 is a view in side elevation of the side opposite to that shown at
Figure 2.
Figure 4 is a view in side elevation of the first gripper, with a view below,
showing in plan one of the roughened surfaces of one of the jaws; Figure 4a is a
view in section through the line X, X, Figure 40, of the same gripper.
Figure 4b is a section of the auxiliary gripper through the line X¹, X¹, of
Figure 4; Figure 4° is a plan of two grippers showing the mechanism connected
thereto (or sufficient thereof to illustrate this part of the Invention) for driving the
same; Figure 4d is an end view of the same.
Figure 4e is a view in side elevation of that portion in Figure 4c to which it is
connected by the dotted lines.
Figure 4 is a view in plan, Figure 48 is a view in side elevation, and Figure 4h
is an end view in elevation of the supports which carry the driving mechanism,
that is, the ratchets, eccentrics, levers, and so forth.
Figure 4i is an end view of the bar and breast beam.
Similar letters refer to like parts in all the above Figures.
a is the first gripper, made preferably of bronze; a¹ is the auxiliary gripper, the
roughened surface of the grippers being shown at a"; b, b', upper arm of the
grippers made in steel, having double inclined plane to cause the grippers to close ;
c, c, are the traction rods; d, d', are rods serving as a movable support to the
gripper arms; e, e¹, show the hinges operating the traction on the upper arms of
the grippers; f¹, caps to receive the end of the gripper arms; g, g', plate to
support the holdfasts; h, h¹, limit of the play of the grippers; i, i¹, knuckle joints,

page_text: The jaws all of the said grippers are preferably made of bronze fixed on the
lower arms in such manner that the upper arm of the grippers has its movement
of oscillation at the axis of the caps f and f', the traction being obtained by means
of rods c and c', forces the inclined plane to be introduced below the inclined plane
of. the gripper, which is closed thereby and presses the fabric between its jaws.
Another arrangement is shewn at Figures 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, and 10, Figure 5 being a
view in plan; Figure 6, an elevation; Figure 7, a view in plan of the left carriage
carrying the arrangement; Figure 8, a side view in elevation; Figure 9, an end
view in elevation; and Figure 10, another end view in elevation.
On the breast beam of the loom an angle piece support is mounted at right and
left. On each support a carriage is applied, each carrying a large gripper and an
auxiliary. On these carriages there are two longitudinal grooves in which freely
slide two movable winged pieces where the points of articulation of the arms of the
grippers forming parallelograms are taken. Each end of these small moveable
pieces is armed with a tip in tempered steel abutting on an eccentric notched at the
side. Above the eccentric a receptacle or box for two regulating springs of the
movable pieces of the grippers is provided; these springs also serve to bring the
grippers near the comb each time that they loosen the work to freshly regrip it.
In the interior of the loom below the breast beam and inside the frame, the
apparatus being applied to a machine the driving pulleys of which are to the left,
the support is fitted to the right. This support is arranged in such manner as to
receive the end of the square steel shaft on which the two driving eccentrics are
mounted, the pawl driving the ratchet, and the inclined plane driving the pawl;
another small retaining pawl is also fixed to the said support. The inclined plane
is driven directly by one of the sides of the batten.
It will be understood from this description that the operation of the grippers
takes place every six threads, a number though, which may be varied at will by
means of the mechanism of which the following is a description :→
:
On the ratchet support of six teeth another ratchet having twelve teeth is
mounted, also driven by the same inclined plane. On one of the ratchet faces thero
is a disc arranged in such manner as to cover five teeth. The machine being in
motion in this position the ratchet having six teeth has a half turn. The ratchet
with twelve teeth called the regulator of the number of threads one wishes to insert
in the fabric without the operation of the grippers has also advanced three teeth..
The disc then presents its full part underneath the spindle which guides the driving
pawl; it there holds it raised, and prevents it from rotating the ratchet with six
teeth during four strokes of the batten; at the tenth stroke the disc having finished
its revolution becomes disengaged below the spindle of the driving pawl and allows
it to fall. The ratchet then turns six teeth of the other half turn, and it is during
this time that the grippers let go the fabric, grip it, and stretch it afrosh. In this
manner instead of grippers letting go every six threads they loosen every twenty.
threads, which arrangement is very suitable for material where the threads are very
close together. By substituting another disc with the same pawl the change can
be made every twelve threads; moreover, by changing the ratchets it may be
arranged so that any number of threads thought desirable, or that may be required,
are inserted.
A, first gripper; A¹, auxillary gripper; B, B', arms of the grippers carrying the
inclined plane working between the grippers to close and grip the fabric; C and C',
arm of the parallelogram of the first gripper; D and D', arm of the parallelogram
of the second gripper; C", forged metal crank piece with the arm of the first
gripper to strike the abutment E and to bring the grippers against the comb;
Du, same arrangement as the above, and same operation to fulfil as for the other
gripper; E, abutment of the two grippers; F and F1, movable piece, where are
taken the points of oscillation of the gripper arms; G and G, regulating springs in
the hooks and against the comb; H and H', limit of the play of the grippers;
I and 1', plates in sheet metal, solid, with the abutments E acting as a support to
the gripper jaws, and on which the abutments H, H, are fixed; J and J', eccentrics

page_text: with notches at the side; K, square shaft of the eccentrics and of the ratchet;
L, support mounted inside the frame below the breast beam; M, inclined plane;
N, other part of the inclined plane; O, holdfast taken with the bolt of the bearing
of the shaft on the side of batten; P, breast beam on which the angle pieces Q are
mounted; Q, angle piece on the rib of the breast beam; R, driving pawl; S, retaining
pawl; T, screw to advance the carriage to put the work to breadth; U, screw for
regulating the advance of the grippers on the fabric; V, pressure screw when once
the carriage is in position; X, X, helical springs to close the gripper on the fabric
before the introduction of the inclined plane; Y, side of the batten; A*, ratchet
regulating the number of threads; B*, disc mounted on the ratchet; Cx, lever
carrying the driving paul Dx; Dx, driving paul; Ex, retaining paul.
For the weaving of cloth the chain threads of the selvage are longer than the
chain threads of the material, which gives slack to the selvage as the grippers seize
regularly the fabric; this finishes after a certain number of threads by forming
"wrinkles" or "puckers," which causes the selvage to be thrown over on the fabric,
and the grippers finish by leaving the selvage; to remedy this defect I place a small
hook A united by a bar, cord, or equivalent Bb to a counterweigh Co. This simple
arrangement exerts an even traction on the fabric in such manner that the threads
of the weft are always maintained parellel whatever may be the selvage threads.
To remove the weft which is inserted in the chain threads a small projection Z is
formed on the arm of the gripper A; in this projection a hole is bored to receive a
pin, when the gripper is open the pin is introduced into the hole, and by giving a
stroke of the batton the gripper A is withdrawn from the fabric without drawing
the same with it, and the auxiliary gripper is freed in such manner that the fabric is
not gripped, and that the fabric may be easily unrolled and be removed.
In order to grip again the fabric the gripper A is released by taking out the pin,
the batten is given a stroke, and the gripper A is again caused to grip the fabric,
and the work continues as before.
Having now described the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed, I declare that I claim as the "Improvements in Temples
for Looms, and in Apparatus or Mechanism connected therewith,"-
First. The employment for such purpose of an automatic gripping appliance, in
which one gripper or set of grippers takes hold of the fabric while the other gripper
or set of grippers releases the same.
Second. The employment of gripping or stretching appliances placed at each side
of the fabric, constructed and operating substantially in the manner and for the
purposes herein-before described, and illustrated in the accompanying Drawings.
Third. The construction and employment of mechanism for communicating
motion to the grippers and parts connected therewith, substantially in manner and
for the purposes herein-before described, and illustrated with reference to the
accompanying Drawings, together with any mere modifications theroof.
In witness whereof, I, the said Edward Griffith Brewer, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Fourteenth day of September, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and seventy-eight.
T 2 BREIVER
(T)