Improvements in Hydro-carbon Burners.
Year: 1891

page_text: Date of Application, 14th Feb., 1891-Accepted, 21st Mar., 1891
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Hydro-carbon Burners.
I, ERNEST THOMAS FELLOWES, of 18, Exchange Place, New York, in the
County of New York and State of New York, United States of America,
Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of this invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement :-
My invention relates to a hydrocarbon-burner in which a forcible jet of steam,
coming in contact with oil introduced through contracted nozzles, atomizes and
vaporizes the said oil, and at the same time causes a strong induction of air, which,
mingling with the vaporized oil and steam, produces an explosive mixture within
the burner, ready to flash into flame instantly on emerging therefrom.
My invention consists in the arrangement and construction of the various parts of
the burner, as described hereinafter.
In the drawings:
Fig. 1, represents a side elevation of the burner
Fig. 2, a section of Fig. 1 on the line x ;
Fig. 3, a section on the line y y of Fig. 2;
;
Fig. 4, is a longitudinal section of a modified form of the burner;
Fig. 5, is a transverse section on the line w w of Fig. 4;
Fig. 6, is a plan view of the same on a smaller scale;
Fig. 7, is a rear view, also on a smaller scale;
Fig. 8, is a vertical section of a burner illustrating another modification especially
adapted for burners of small capacity;
Fig. 9, is a transverse section on the line of Fig. 8.
A A represents the ends of two hot-air pipes opening on opposite sides into the
chamber C. These two pipes are connected with a hot-air furnace or any other
suitable source of hot-air supply, and thus apply hot air to my burner.
The chamber C opens into and conducts the hot air entering it into the mixing-
chamber D, formed in the body D'. Passing into such mixing-chamber D is the
steam-pipe F, through which steam is injected by proper pressure into such mixing-
chamber. The steain-pipe F is connected by suitable connections with any proper
source by which steam can be injected through the said pipe F into the mixing-
chamber. Entering into the mixing-chamber D at opposite sides and at right angles
with the steam-pipe F are the nozzles B B, through which the petroleum; tar or
other suitable liquid fuel is supplied to the mixing-chamber, there to mingle with
and be thoroughly atomized by the steam passing into the chamber at right angles
to these nozzles B B, and with the hot air drawn into the chamber D from the hot
air pipes through the chamber C by the current induced in the chamber by the
mingling of the steam with the petroleum or other fuel.
The petroleum, tar, or other suitable fuel is supplied to each of the nozzles BB
in about equal quantities from the cored passage G, from which it is forced by
pressure through the pipe H from any proper tank or source of petroleum or other
oil supply.
I is the burner through which the fuel formed by the atomization of the mingled
steam, oil, and hot air passes to be ignited.
The nozzles B B are provided with screw-threaded butts, L, which screw into the
passage G, whereby their relative distance to and from the end or nozzle of the
steam-pipe F may be adjusted and thus the character of the flame varied, a larger
or smaller flame being produced at the end of the burner, according as the
nozzles B B are brought near to and lengthened from the end of the steam-
pipe F.

page_text: The steam-pipe F and oil-pipe H are furnished with proper valves, by which the
supply of steam and oil can be regulated as desired, a greater or less supply of each
being furnished, as desired.
The operation of my improvement is as follows:-The oil issuing through the
nozzles B B into the chamber D under pressure or by gravity mingles with and is
sprayed by the steam passing into the chamber at right angles to the oil, while the
oil and steam are also mingled with the hot air and gases from the furnace or other
source of hot-air supply, which are drawn into the chamber D through chamber C
and hot-air pipes A by the current induced by the mingling of the oil and steam in
the chamber D. The atomized fuel then passes into the burner I, whence it issues
from the end of the burner in a state favorable to instant and complete combustion,
and can be ignited like ordinary gas.
In the modified form of burner illustrated more particularly in Figs. 4 to 7
inclusive, I arrange a hot-air inlet pipe A¹ within the steam pipe F, its outer end
being screwed within an adjusting cap at the heel of the burner, so that the said
air-pipe A', being fitted in front to the contracted nozzle of the steam-inlet pipe F,
forms a needle valve therefor, to accurately regulate the inflow of steam, the pipe A¹
being preferably fitted with a hand-wheel a¹ to facilitate adjustment.
The oil, is admitted, as before, through a cored passage G partly surrounding
the burner and provided with inwardly projecting nozzles terminating just in front
of the inner or nozzle end of the steam-pipe.
As in the form of burner first described, the chamber C is supplied with air
through openings A. A, which may be in the form of pipes, or not, as in the
arrangement shown the air drawn or fed in through these openings is partially
heated by contact with the centrally arranged steam-pipe F and need not be heated
before passing into the chamber; the air passing through the central air-pipe A¹ is
thoroughly heated, as this pipe is surrounded on all sides by the steam passing
through said pipe F.
The modification shown in Figs. 8 and 9 is designed for comparatively small
power. The steam-ejection pipe like that shown in Fig. 2 is open and uncontrolled
at the outlet. The oil-supply pipe B' may be arranged at right angles to the
steam-pipe, as shown in full lines, or obliquely thereto, in this as well as the other
forms of burner shown.
The inner or discharge end of the steam-pipe may be held centrally within the
burner-shell by means of bridge c, as shown in Figs. 2 and 3, or by three or more
set screws c¹ passing through said shell, as shown in Figs. 4 and 5.
I prefer to form the shell with a flaring mouth as shown in Figs. 4 to 8, as this
tends under some circumstances to facilitate the flow of the carburetted air, and
the gas is discharged with less noise than with the ordinary cone-shaped discharge
opening.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is
1. In a hydrocarbon-burner, the combination, with the air-pipe having air-ports,
and the hollow body D', to which said pipe is secured, of a steam-pipe within said
air-pipe, oil-nozzles secured radially within said body at the end of said steam-pipe,
said body having a cored chamber G, connecting said oil-nozzles and an oil-supply
pipe connected to said chamber G, substantially as set forth.
2. In a hydrocarbon-burner, the combination, with the shell, forming the mixing-
chamber and having air-induction ports, and oil-jets projecting transversely into
said shell, of a steam-pipe arranged axially within said shell and terminating
between said air-ports and oil-jets, and a central air-pipe arranged axially within
said steam-pipe, said air-ports being arranged between the heel of the burner and
said oil-jets, substantially as and for the purposes set forth.
3. In a hydrocarbon-burner, the combination, with the shell, forming a mixing-
chamber provided with a contracted throat and a flaring mouth and having the

page_text: air-induction ports, and oil-jets projecting transversely into said shell, of a steam-pipe
having a contracted nozzle arranged axially within said shell and terminating in
advance of said air-ports and between the latter and said oil-jets, and a central
adjustable air-pipe arranged axially within said steam-pipe and forming a needle-
valve, said air-inlets being located between the heel of the burner and said oil-jets,
said pipes and oil-jets being arranged to discharge within the mixing-chamber
between its contracted throat and the inlets, substantially as set forth.
Dated this 11th day of February 1891.
H. D. FITZPATRICK,
70, Wellington Street, Glasgow, Agent.