IMPROVEMENTS IN MILLS FOR EXTRACTING THE JUICE FROM SUGAR AND OTHER CANE
Year: 1871

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Thomas James Smith, of the Firm of Robertson,
Brooman, and Company, of 166, Fleet Street, in the City of
London, Patent Agents, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MILLS FOR EXTRACTING THE JUICE FROM SUGAR AND OTHER CANE." -A
communication from abroad by Theophile Rousselot, of Paris,
France, Engineer.
Sealed the 8th August 1871, and dated the 23rd March 1871.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Thomas James Smith
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 23rd March 1871.
I, THOMAS JAMES SMITH, of the Firm of Robertson, Brooman, and
Company, of 166, Fleet Street, in the City of London, Patent Agents,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN MILLS FOR EXTRACTING THE JUICE FROM SUGAr and other Cane," to be as
follows:-
For a long time the extraction of the juice contained in the sugar
and other cane has been accomplished by purely mechanical means,
the cane has been crushed between three cylinders placed so as to
exercise two pressures, the latter pressure being the most powerful.
Notwithstanding the perfection to which the construction of these sugar

page_text: cane mills has been brought, some of these parts are not of sufficient
strength to resist the pressure which must be exerted by the mill in
order to obtain a larger yield of juice than the ordinary one. The yield
is therefore limited and it is impossible to cause the mills to exercise
their full effect without exposing them to frequent breakages requiring &
costly repairs. The taking to pieces and putting together of the parts
of these mills, particularly of the rollers is also very difficult in con-
sequence of the arrangement of their frames.
The object of this Invention is an improved arrangement whereby
the risk of breakage is decreased and the taking to pieces and putting 1
together of parts is rendered easy. The improved arrangement also
allows the size and strength of the trunnions to be increased as well
as that of the parts supporting them, while at the same time the weigth
of the frame is diminished.
The chief characteristic of the Invention consists in a peculiar usc 1
of cast and wrought iron in combination for the working parts of the
mill, so that cast iron is placed at those parts where compression only
has to be met, whilst wrought iron is found at those where traction has
to be resisted.
Another characteristic if the Invention is the simple form of the frame
of the mill which gives the. facility of removing horizontally the lower
rollers without lifting them.
The mill is composed of a frame, the side walls of which are recessed
to receive metal bearings for supporting the trunnions of the rollers.
The two first bearings are held by cast-iron caps moving in grooves 2
and maintained firmly by iron bars or ties terminated at both their
ends by screw threads to receive nuts. Upon the outer face of the
caps links or transverse bars are fitted, through which the screw rods
pass. Each bar is firmly keyed to the frame. The two first bearings
are strongly wedged in by means of the bars or tics, and the frame being
thus strengthened on each side there is no chance of rupture. This
peculiar arrangement permits the lower rollers to be withdrawn horizon-
tally without being lifted. The upper bearing is held by a cast-iron cap
united to the frame by two strong ties traversing the mill from top
to bottom. At the bottom of the mill is the cast-iron basin or receiver
into which the juice expressed falls.
The three cylinders are put in motion in the ordinary manner by
gearing connected with a prime mover.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Thomas James Smith in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 23rd September 1871.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, THOMAS
JAMES SMITH, of the Firm of Robertson, Brooman, and Company,
of 166, Fleet Street, in the City of London, Patent Agents, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-third day of March, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-one, in the
thirty-fourth year of Her reign, did for Herself, Her heirs and suc-
cessors, give and grant unto me, the said Thomas James Smith, Her
special licence that I, the said Thomas James Smith, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Thomas
James Smith, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any
time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times
thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might
make, use, excrcise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MILLS FOR EXTRACTING THE JUICE FROM SUGAR AND
OTHER CANE," (communicated to me from abroad by Theophile Rousselot,
of Paris, France, Engineer,) upon the condition (amongst others) that
I, the said Thomas James Smith, my executors or administrators, by
an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands
and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the
said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed,
and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within
six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said
Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Thomas James Smith, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement thereof, reference being had to
the Drawings hereunto annexed, that is to say :-
For a long time the extraction of the juice contained in the sugar and
other cane has been accomplished by purely mechanical means, the
canc has been crushed between three cylinders placed so as to excrcise

page_text: two pressures, the latter pressure being the most powerful. Notwith-
standing the perfection to which the construction of these sugar cane
mills has been brought some of their parts are not of sufficient strength
to resist the pressure which must be exerted by the mill in order to
obtain a larger yield of juice than the ordinary one. The yield is
therefore limited, and it is impossible to cause the mills to exercise their
full effect without exposing them to frequent breakages requiring costly
repairs. The taking to pieces and putting together of the parts of these
mills, particularly of the rollers, is also very difficult, in consequence of
the arrangement of their frames.
The object of this Invention is an improved arrangement whereby the
risk of breakage is decreased and the taking to pieces and putting
together of parts is rendered easy. The improved arrangement also allows
the size and strength of the trunnions to be increased as well as that
of the parts supporting them, while at the same time the weight of
the frame is diminished.
The chief characteristic of the Invention consists in a peculiar use of
cast and wrought iron in combination for the working parts of the mill,
so that cast iron is placed at those parts where compression only has to
be met, whilst wrought iron is found at those where tension has to be
resisted.
Another characteristic of the Invention is the simple form of the
frame of the mill, which gives the facility of removing horizontally the
lower rollers without lifting them.
The Drawings hereunto annexed will enable the Invention to be
readily understood.
Figure 1 is a front view of a sugar cane mill constructed in accordance
with this Invention, and Figure 2 is a side view partly in section of the
same.
The mill is composed of a frame A, A, the side walls of which are
recessed to receive metal bearings B, B¹, B³, for supporting the trunnions
C, C, C, of the rollers D, D¹, D². The bearings B₁ and B are held by
cast-iron caps F moving in grooves and maintained firmly by iron bars
or ties E terminated at both their ends by screw threads to receive nuts.
Upon the outer face of the caps F links or transverse bars G are fitted
through which the screw rods E' pass. Each bar E is firmly keyed to
the frame at b, as shown in Figure 1. The. two bearings B' and B* arc

page_text: strongly wedged in by means of the bars or ties, and the frame being
thus strengthened on each side there is no chance of rupture. This
peculiar arrangement permits the lower rollers D¹, D³, to be withdrawn
horizontally without being lifted. The upper bearing B is held by a
cast-iron cap Hunited to the frame by two strong ties J traversing the
mill from top to bottom. At the bottom of the mill is the cast-iron
basin or receiver I, into which the juice expressed falls. The three
cylinders D, D', D, are put in motion in the ordinary manner by gearing
connected with a prime mover.
And having now described the nature of the said Invention, and in
what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that I claim,―
First. The general construction and arrangement of mill for extracting
the juice from sugar and other cane, as above described and shown in
the accompanying Drawings.
Secondly. Securing the double bearings of the two lower rollers by
means of horizontal ties, as described and shown..
Thirdly. Arranging the said ties so that they maintain all the pressure
arising from the squeezing of the canes, as described and shown.
Fourthly. Arranging the said ties so that the same one secures or
wedges in two bearings at the same time, so as to give great facility for
taking out the lower rollers and putting them into position again, as
described and shown.
Fifthly. The employment of cast and wrought iron in combination
for the frame and working parts of the machine so that cast iron is
placed where compression has to be resisted and wrought iron where
tension has to be endured.
In witness whereof, I, the said Thomas James Smith, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Twenty-first day of September One
thousand eight hundred and seventy-one.