Year: 1887

page_text: Date of Application, 5th Nov., 1887
Complete Specification Left, 4th Aug., 1888
Complete Specification Accepted, 7th Sept., 1888
We, ISAAC WATTS BOOTHROYD of 47 Farringdon Road, London, Manager and
PHILIP LOUIS CHARLES FREDERICK RENOUF of Belmont Works Lewisham, Manager
do hereby declare the nature of our said invention to be as follows:-
We construct our improved velocipede when the same is intended to carry two
riders, in such a way that the steering is effected by means of two wheels parallel to
one another connected by a rigid axle or other suitable framing, and joined to a
third wheel by a bead and neck or other hinge placed preferably on that side of the
axle which is furthest from the third wheel and slightly out of the perpendicular,
the lower end being nearer the centre of the machine than the upper end.
By this means when a curve is described the framework carrying the seats of the
riders will cant over with both riders in the direction towards which they ought to
lean in order to avoid the action of centrifugal force. Where the third wheel is the
driving wheel and is propelled by means of cranks we use a double row ball bearing
on each side of the hub one row of balls in each bearing revolving in a groove or on
a cone solid with the spindle and the other row revolving on a cone screwed on the
spindle and capable of adjustment; the screwed part of the spindle is no less or not
materially less than the bottom of the second or inner ball race, it will be understood
that therefore the spindle will not be weakened by the thread and that the outer ball
race must be greater in diameter than the inner one. A material advantage of this
arrangement is that a double row ball bearing of less width or increased rigidity is
produced economically. The edge of the adjusting cone projects over the boss of the
crank so as not to increase the width of the bearing and is serrated to take a serrated
locking piece fixed to the crank. This kind of bearing is also applicable to bicycles
and other velocipedes. Where it is desirable to apply gearing to the driving wheel
the axle and hub of the latter are built up and fitted with a sun and planet motion
such as is described in the Specification of the Patent No. 123-19 of 1885 granted to
Boothroyd & Renouf, the gear wheels driving one another preferably by frictional

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contact without the intervention of teeth such contact being, kept up and regulated
by an adjustable spring by which the planet-bearing end of the crank is pressed
towards the axle. Where toothed wheels are used the crank holding them together is
furnished with a slide or hinge or other device for the purposes of adjustment. The
two wheels parallel to one another are sometimes connected by means of a balance
gear propelled by one of the riders. By arranging the seats of two riders on the
framework containing the third wheel and that of one rider between the other two
wheels we obtain a velocipede on which when a circular path is described, one rider
is directly turned in the direction to be taken, whilst the two others must automatically
lean towards the centre of the arc or circle described.
Dated this 5th day of November 1887.
POPPLEWELL, COLTON & Co.,
17 & 18, Southampton Buildings, London, W.C.,
Agents for the Applicants.

page_text: We, ISAAC WATTS BOOTHROYD of 47 Farringdon Road, London, Manager and
PHILIP LOUIS CHARLES FREDERICK RENOUF of Belmont Works Lewisham, in the
County of Kent Manager, do hereby declare the nature of this Invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in
and by the following statement :-
The object of our invention and the manner of carrying out the same will be most
readily understood by reference to the drawings accompanying this Specification.
Figure 1 represents a Tandem velocipede in which there is one rear or driving
wheel and in which the steering is effected by means of two wheels mounted on an
arm or cross-piece which is pivoted at or about its centre. One rider is seated between
these two wheels of which one only is shown in the side view. To each extremity of
the cross arm A (of which one end only is visible) is fixed a solid lug b; and each lug
carries a steering rod and a stud D, about which latter the loose wheels revolve.
From the centre of the arm A projects the neck E, hinged to the upright tube F,
which carries the seat and handlebars of the front rider. G, G, are the pedal ends of
the reciprocating driving gear described in the Letters Patent No. 15,114 of 1885
granted to us and shewn in figures 3 and 4 accompanying the Specification of these
recited Letters Patent. It will be noticed that the cross arm A is placed at a short
distance behind the centres of the steering wheels; the object of this arrangement
being to allow the feet and weight of the front rider to come as nearly as possible
within the wheel base of the tricycle, and to prevent the weight of the front rider
from lessening the grip of the rear wheel on the ground to too great an extent.
steering head or hingo is placed in advance of the spindles of the steering wheel in
order to lessen the twisting strain on the neck, and is at the same time inclined or
"raked "backwards; the effect of this contrivance being that the body of the rider
who does not steer is inclined to the right or to the left according to the steering,
and that therefore this rider is less liable to be thrown out of the machine; an
experienced rider will also be enabled to stoer his companion without touching the
handlebars.
The
In order to render the framework rigid, we prefer to furnish the fork ends of such
of our velocipedes as are not speeded up, with double row ball bearings of the type in
which adjustment is effected by screwing up a cone on the spindle; but as these
bearings are usually clumsy and wide, we use the modification shewn in Fig. 2. One
row of balls revolves on a cone solid with the spindle, and a second row, containing a
greater number of balls revolves on the adjusting cone h; this is locked in position by
the ratchet i, held on the crank or other fixture to the spindle. We thus obtain without
weakening the spindle by the thread, a bearing of great rigidity in a very small
compass.
Where the driving wheel is speeded, we usually employ the combination of Sun and
Planet gearing described in the Letters Patent No. 12349 of 1885 granted to us; we

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can however dispense with the toothed surfaces and use contact friction only in trans-
mitting power; to do this we construct the crank which carries the Planet wheel so
that the latter can be brought in contact with the Sunwheel under any desired
pressure. This may be effected by making the planet bearing a separate piece L,
embracing the longitudinal arm J, which is keyed to the main spindle K. The piece J
is capable of sliding longitudinally inside the piece L; m, m, m are spring buffers of
india rubber or other suitable material; a set screw n passing through a boss on the
end of Land pressing against the steel washer O, adjusts the distance between the
centre of the bearing in L and the centre of the spindle K. Figure 4 illustrates
another method of regulating the distance between the Sun and the Planet wheel. 1
The exterior of the Planet bearing P is cylindrical but excentric with the bearing
itself; P fits into a corresponding hole in the crank Q which is split; by turning the
bearing P inside the crank end, the position of the bearing centre may be adjusted,
and set by locking it with screw R. Even where toothed surfaces are employed this
latter kind of crank with variable throw is of great advantage in setting the distance
of the wheels accurately.
It is obvious that chain or other gear may be substituted for the lever gear shown
in Figure 1, if desired..
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what we
claim is:
1. A Tandem tricycle in which the rake of the head inclines the body of each rider
in the direction of the curve described by the machine.
2. A tandem tricycle with one driving wheel connected with two loose or steering
wheels by a head raked in the position and for the purposes, substantially as
described.
3. A double row ball bearing with a loose or adjusting cone on the spindle, such
cone being of a larger diameter than the inner or fixed cone in the manner and for
the purpose set forth.
4. A crank containing a Sun & Planet gøar operating by friction only without the
intervention of toothed surfaces, substantially as describod.
5. A. crank containing the bearing of a Planet wheel with a variable and adjustable
throw for the purposes described.