IMPROVEMENTS IN OR CONNECTED WITH PEGS OF MUSICAL STRINGED INSTRUMENTS FOR REGULATING AND ADJUSTING THE STRINGS OF SAME to be as follows:
Year: 1884

page_text: I FREDERICK ST AUBIN of Islington in the County of Middlesex Violinist do
hereby declare the nature of said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN OR CONNECTED
WITH PEGS OF MUSICAL STRINGED INSTRUMENTS FOR REGULATING AND ADJUSTING
THE STRINGS OF SAME to be as follows:-
"
The object of my invention is to so construct pegs of musical stringed
instruments that when the strings are wound up thereon in the ordinary way
and the tension of the string has been regulated and adjusted that the position of
the peg shall be maintained, and with it that of the tension of the string My
invention also facilitates tuning by dispensing with the necessity of pressing in the
pegs when being turned, and no pressure of the string can run the peg back even if
over-wound or otherwise and makes it impossible for the peg to slip when the
instrument is tuned.
I am aware that attempts have heretofore been made to accomplish a similar
result but these have been of a complicated nature and require material alterations
in the construction of the peg itself, whereas according to my invention the peg
proper is not changed, and the invention can be applied to any violin without.
alteration of the peg holes the strings being wound round the pegs in the ordinary
way but when the thumb screw or head of the peg is released the position of the
string cannot change until it requires to be regulated and re-adjusted.
According to my invention and as applied to a violin head a metal band is fitted
on the peg near the thumb screw or head of peg over which a washer is passed
down to the band and I place on the end of the peg or key opposite the thumb
piece or head a metal tube with disc at end adjacent to the peg, having an aperture
in centre of same through which a screw passes; round the screw there is a.
spiral or helical spring with a washer between the spring and screw head the
washer being of such a size as to be free to pass into the interior of the metal tube
or box and when the screw is brought home, the spring being thus compressed
always has a tendency to expand and to draw the peg through its hole in the head,
in this way the peg can easily be turned either way and will remain in position
after being so turned; a metal cap on the tube or box covers the internal parts, the
D

page_text: box and cap can be made of wood so as to match the pegs. The pegs for banjos,
guitars, or other such musical stringed instruments are shouldered down within a
short distance of the thumb screw or bead and a metal tube or cap is fitted, on to
peg down to the shoulder and when so fitted a spiral spring goes over the peg
and is compressed into the metal tube or cap by means of a washer and when the
peg is fitted to the hole of the instrument a washer is passed over the end of the
peg and then a pin is passed through the peg above the washer and a metal cap
with a slot on each side is fitted on to the end of the peg and the slots cover the
ends of the pin or the cap may be screwed on to the end of the peg.

page_text: ⚫I, FREDERICK ST AUBIN of Islington int he County of Middlesex Violinist do
hereby declare the nature of said-invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN OR CONNECTED
WITH PEGS OF MUSICAL STRINGED INSTRUMENTS FOR REGULATING AND ADJUSTING
THE STRINGS OF SAME" and in what manner the game is to be performed to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
The object of my invention is to so construct pegs of musical stringed
instruments that when the strings are wound up thereon in the ordinary way.
and the tension of the string has been regulated and adjusted, that the position of
the peg shall be maintained and with it that of the tension of the string.
My invention also facilitates tuning by dispensing with the necessity of pressing
in the pegs when being turned and no pressure of the string can run the peg back,
even if overwound or otherwise and makes it impossible for the peg to slip when
the instrument is tuned.
I am aware that attempts have heretofore been made to accomplish a similar
result but these have been of a complicated nature and require material alterations:
in the construction of the peg itself, whereas according to my invention the peg
proper is not changed and the invention can be applied to any violin without
alteration of the peg holes, the strings being wound round the pegs in the ordinary
way but when the thumb screw or head of the peg is released the position of the
string cannot change until it requires to be regulated and adjusted.
Figure 1 of the accompanying drawings shows in front elevation so much of a
violin head with my improvements applied thereto as will be necessary in order to
illustrate how the invention as applied to a violin is or may be carried into effect.
Figure 2 shows in vertical cross section a part of the violin head (on a much larger
scale than the previous Figure) to which my invention is applied the peg proper
being shown in elevation and Figure 3 shows a peg or portion of same separato
from violin head.
a is a metal band fitted on the peg b near the thumb head c of same; a
washer d is passed down to the band a; the key b is then inserted in the head
the washer d forming a bearing plate and I place on the end of the peg or key b
opposite the thumb piece or head ca metal tube f with disc or flange g at the end
adjacent to the peg 6 the end of the tube or disc g-forming a bearing for other side
of the head.
The disc g bas an aperture in the centre through which a screw h passes and
is screwed into the end of peg; round this screw there is a spiral or helical
spring with a washer k between the spring i and head of screw h the washer k
being of such a size or diameter as to be free to pass into the interior of the metal
tube or box.
When the screw h is brought home, vizt from the position shown at Figure 3 to
that shown at Figure 2 the spring i being thus compressed between the washer k
under the head of screw h and the disc g it always has a tendency to draw the peg b
through its hole in the head / in this way the peg b can easily be turned either way
and will remain in position after being so turned a metal cap m on the tube or
box covers the internal parts, the box f and cap m can be made of wood so as to
match the pegs b.
.
Figure 4 illustrates in sectional elevation (as in use) Figure 5 also in sectional
elevation (before being applied) Figure 6 in side elevation and Figures 7 and 8 in.
sectional and side elevation the invention as applied to banjos, guitars or other such
musical stringed instruments.

page_text: In the arrangements shown at Figures 4, 5, and 6 the peg bis shouldered down
a case or cap k is passed on to the peg b down to the shoulder the washer f
carrying the spring i is passed onto the peg the spring is compressed between the
washer and the cap . The washer fis secured by a pin passed through peg b
the peg being passed through the head and the cap / screwed or otherwise secured
to same and the spring i constantly having a tendency to expand before the cap k
is secured as will be seen on reference to Figure 5 will act in a similar manner to
that previously described.
In the examples shown at Figures, 7 and 8 the pegs bare shouldered down within,
a short distance of the thumb piece or head c and a washer and metal tube.
or cap is passed on to the peg down to the shoulder and when so fitted a spiral.
spring i goes over the peg and is compressed into the metal tube or cap f
and against the washer'k by means of a washer g and when the peg is fitted to the
hole of the instrument a washer d is passed over the end of the peg and a cap a fits
over same and then a pin is passed through cap a to secure same or a pin is passed
through the peg above the washer and a metal cap with a slot on each side is fitted
on to the end of the peg and the slots cover the ends of the pin or the cap may be
screwed on to the end of the peg.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said.
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim is
In musical stringed instruments the regulating and adjusting the strings of same
in and by the employment of pegs fitted with washers, bands, discs, screws, helical
or spiral springs and caps all arranged and acting, substantially in the manner
described with reference to the accompanying drawings together with any mere
modifications thereof.