IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR REGULATING THE TEMPERATURE AND PRESSURE OF STEAM OR OTHER FLUID EMPLOYED IN HEATING PROCESSES AND THE DURATION OF ITS APPLICATION
Year: 1877

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Gerard Wenzeslaus von Nawrocki, of the Firm of
J. Brandt and G. W. von Nawrocki, Civil Engineers and Patent Agents,
of No 2, Koch Strasse, Berlin, in the German Empire, for the Invention
of "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR REGULATING THE TEMPERATURE AND
PRESSURE OF STEAM OR OTHER FLUID EMPLOYED IN HEATING PROCESSES AND
THE DURATION OF ITS APPLICATION." A communication by Joseph Davidson,
of Berlin, in the German Empire.
Sealed the 22nd March 1878, and dated the 8th October 1877.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Gerard Wenzeslaus von
Nawrocki at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 8th October
1877.
GERARD WENZESLAUS VON NAWROCKI, of the Firm of J. Brandt and G. W. von
Nawrocki, Civil Engineers and Patent Agents, of No. 2, Koch Strasse, Berlin,
in the German Empire. "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR REGULATING THE
TEMPERATURE AND PRESSURE OF STEAM OR OTHER FLUID EMPLOYED IN HEATING
PROCESSES AND THE DURATION OF ITS APPLICATION." [A communication by Joseph
Davidson, of Berlin, in the German Empire.]
In various chemical and other heating processes it is requisite to submit sub-
stances to the action of a constant temperature for certain length of time. The
present Invention has for its object to obviate the necessity of having to watch the
temperature and pressure continuously in order to reduce the source of heat when
the temperature at all exceeds that required, and to increase the combustion when
the temperature sinks below that point.
The Invention consists mainly in subjecting the articles or substance to be
treated to the heat and pressure of steam or other fluid contained inside a closed
receptacle, which is heated by a gas flame, the supply of gas to such flame being
regulated by a valve controlled by an electro-magnet that is put out of action by a
pressure gauge when the pressure exceeds the desired limit. For this purpose the
gas supply pipe has a valve which is connected to the armature of an electro-magnet,
IPavice 271

page_text: so that when this is in action it holds the valve open against the action of a spring
which tends to close the valve.
The one terminal of the coil of the electro-magnet is connected to the ordinary
index of a pressure gauge of any suitable construction which communicates with
the interior of the before-mentioned vessel. The other terminal of the coil is
connected to a second index, which is kept in electrical contact with the first index
by the action of a spring until this moves beyond the point at which it indicates
the maximum pressure, at which point is an adjustable stop so arranged that it
prevents the second index from following the first one beyond that point. The two
indices being thus separated the electrical circuit is interrupted, thereby stopping
the action of the magnet, which thus allows the valve to close. When this is
effected a by-pass with regulating cock allows sufficient gas to pass to the burner to
prevent this from being entirely extinguished. On the pressure being reduced the
first index of the pressure gauge in receding comes in contact with the second one
again, thus establishing the electric circuit and effecting the opening of the supply
valve again.
The gas supply pipe has a second shut-off valve, which is kept open against the
action of a spring by a slide or detent connected to a clockwork mechanism, and so
arranged that when the clockwork has been in motion for a certain length of time
the detent is released so as to allow the valve to close and cut off the gas supply
entirely, thus terminating the heating operation.
If it be desired to allow the heating operation to continue for a definite length of
time after the maximum temperature required is once attained, the armature of the
before mentioned electro-magnet is provided with an arm that stops the motion of
the clockwork until the action of the electro-magnet is temporarily interrupted for
the first time, as above described, on the maximum pressure being exceeded.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Gerard Wenzeslaus von Nawrocki in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 8th April 1878.
GERARD WENZESLAUS VON NAWROCKI, of the Firm of J. Brandt and G. W. von
Nawrocki, Civil Engineers and Patent Agents, of No. 2, Koch Strasse, Berlin,
in the German Empire. "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR REGULATING THE
TEMPERATURE AND PRESSURE OF STEAM OR OTHER FLUID EMPLOYED IN HEATING
PROCESSES AND THE DURATION OF ITS APPLICATION." A communication by Joseph
Davidson, of Berlin, in the German Empire.
In various chemical and other heating processes it is requisite to submit sub-
stances to the action of a constant temperature for certain length of time. The
present Invention has for its object to obviate the necessity of having to watch the
temperature and pressure continuously in order to reduce the source of heat when
the temperature at all exceeds that required, and to increase the combustion when
the temperature sinks below that point.
The Invention consists mainly in subjecting the articles or substance to be
treated to the heat and pressure of steam or other fluid contained inside a closed
receptacle, which is heated by a gas flame, the supply of gas to such flame being
regulated automatically by a valve controlled by an electro-magnet that is put out
of action by a pressure gauge when the pressure exceeds the desired limit.
this purpose the gas supply pipe has a valve which is connected to the armature of
an electro-magnet, so that when this is in action it holds the valve open against the
action of a spring which tends to close the valve.
For
The one terminal of the coil of the electro-magnet is connected to the ordinary
index of a pressure gauge of any suitable construction which communicates with
the interior of the before-mentioned vessel. The other terminal of the coil is
connected to a second index, which is kept in electrical contact with the first index
by the action of a spring until this moves beyond the point at which it indicates
the maxinum pressure, at which point is an adjustable stop so arranged that it
prevents the second index from following the first one beyond that point. The two
indices being thus separated the electrical circuit is interrupted, thereby stopping
the action of the magnet, which thus allows the valve to close. When this is
effected a by-pass with regulating cock allows sufficient gas to pass to the burner to
prevent this from being entirely extinguished. On the pressure being reduced the
first index of the pressure gauge in receding comes in contact with the second one
again, thus establishing the electric circuit and effecting the opening of the supply
valve again.
The gas supply pipe has a second shut-off valve, which is kept open against the
action of a spring by a slide or detent connected to a clockwork mechanism, and so
arranged that when the clockwork has been in motion for a certain length of time
the detent is released so as to allow the valve to close and cut off the gas supply
entirely, thus terininating the heating operation.
If it be desired to allow the heating operation to continue for a definite length of
time after the maximum temperature required is once attained, the armature of the
before-mentioned electro-magnet is provided with an arm that stops the motion of
the clockwork until the action of the electro-magnet is temporarily interrupted for
the first time, as above described, on the maximum pressure being exceeded.

page_text: Figs. IV. and V. shew opposite ends views of the regulating apparatus when the
clock work is going.
Figs. VI. and VII. shew the same views when the clockwork is stopped.
Figs. VIII. to XV. shew detached details.
Fig. I. shews, by way of example, an apparatus for vulcanising caoutchouc palates
for false teeth. These are enclosed in cases A, A, secured by a stirrup frame a and
screw bolt b, and placed in the vulcanising chamber B, which is filled with water to
such an extent that at a pressure of about 9 to 9-5 atmospheres a little water still
remains in the chamber. This is closed by a cover C secured steam-tight by means
of a bridge piece d and screw f, and is then suspended in the casing D. The cover
is provided with the safety valve E, thermometer F, and pipe G for a pressure
gauge. The chamber B is heated by the gas burner H, the gas supply to which
having first to pass through the regulating apparatus, Fig. I.a, where it is controlled
by two valves F and K, of which the first serves to regulate the flame, while the
second cuts off the gas supply entirely when the heating process is completed.
They are similar in construction to the ordinary stop valves used in gas and water
conduits. The gas is introduced at h, entering the pipe i fixed to the board L, and
having, both at L and at K, two openings, between which is introduced a flue,
closing the communication at that point. Surrounding these holes is a metal disc k,
on which is secured a caoutchouc disc k¹ by means of the ring k² and screws, so that
the gas issuing from the one hole in the pipe to the space between the metal and
caoutchouc discs can pass thence through the other hole back into the pipe. Over
the hole through which the gas enters between the discs is a circular plate l¹
attached to a rod 7 turning with the axis 2, which is actuated by a spring 1³, so that
the plate is pressed down, thereby closing the said inlet opening by pressing the
caoutchouc disc thereon. At the other end of the pipe i is provided a nozzle h¹,
which is connected by flexible tubing to the burner H of the heating apparatus,
and a by-pass i¹ is provided, extending from this end of the pipe to the part between
I and K, and having a tap i by means of which a small quantity of gas can be
allowed to pass to the burner when the valve I is closed.
The valve at K effects the complete cutting of the gas from the burner as
follows: The axis has an arm which is held by pins m³, m², on the slide m
sliding in the socket n attached to the clock M. The index m² of the clock carries
with it a disc m³ having a notch m. When, by the motion of the index, the disc
has been carried round so that the notch faces the slide, the latter being acted on
by the spring 13 enters the former, and thus allows the plate l¹ to be pressed down
by the spring at the same time the part m³ of the slide stops the motion of the
pendulum o of the clock. The index m² can be moved with friction upon its
spindle, and is in the first instance adjusted according to the time that is to elapse
before the gas is cut off. 01 is the key for winding the clock.
The valve at I is actuated by the electro-magnet N and armature N¹. The
electric circuit being ordinarily closed the armature is attracted, and thereby made
to hold the valve open against the action of the spring 15, which on the interruption
of the current, draws the armature away and closes the valve, thereby intercepting
the gas supply. A small flame is then maintained at the burner by the small
quantity of gas passing through . The interruption of the current is effected by
the pressure gauge G as soon as a certain pressure has been attained in the chamber B.
For this purpose the pressure gauge is provided with three indices p¹, p³, p³; the
motion of p is effected directly by the steam pressure in the usual way; it is
provided near its point with a platinum stud q which bears against a corresponding
stud q2 on the index p². This is somewhat longer, and is generally caused by the
spring q³ to rest against p¹. The third index p³ is curved at its point, as shewn at
Fig. XV., and is carried by the glass front of the gauge, being adjustable from the
outside by the button r. The pointer p¹ forms the positive electrode, and p² the
negative electrode of the battery, and it will be seen that as the pressure increases
and p is made to travel over the scale; p2 in following it keeps the circuit closed.
This continues until p³ comes in contact with p³, which has previously been adjusted

page_text: to the highest pressure on the scale which is to be attained. If now ' continues
to move onward, owing to a further increase of pressure, it is separated from p
which is held back by p³, and thus the electric circuit is broken, and the valve at I
is closed, as before described.
The operation of the apparatus is as follows:-The chamber B being charged, and
the flame at H ignited, the pressure gradually rises, causing the index of the gauge
to advance. The valves at I and K are both open and the electric circuit closed.
The clock is not yet in motion as its pendulum is held by an arm a on the armature
of the electro-magnet, the arm being bent at 81, Fig. II., so that the pendulum bears
against it. Assuming the index p³ to have been adjusted to 10 atmospheres on the
gauge scale, the pressure will go on increasing without any alteration of the
apparatus until this pressure is slightly exceeded, whereupon the electric circuit will
be broken, as before described, and the valve at I being closed the gas flame will be
reduced to a very small jet. At the same time the arm-s will have moved so as to
release the pendulum o, which will be put in motion by the clock work, and the
clock will consequently commence going. In consequence of the reduction of the
gas flame the pressure will be again reduced below 10 atmospheres, and p¹ in
coming again in contact with p³ will close the electric circuit, thereby causing the
armature N to open the valve at I again, and so to increase the flame of the gas
jet. This will continue until the electric circuit is again interrupted, and the above-
described operation will be repeated, until, by the motion of the clock, the disc m³
has been carried round so far that the spring 3 is able to close the valve at K, as
before described, whereby the gas supply will be entirely cut off, and the operation
completed. The steam pressure will continuously vary between very narrow limits;
should the electric current be accidentally interrupted at any time this will merely
cause the valve I to close, and consequently no harm will be done. If the reverse
arrangement were adopted, that is, the valve closed when the circuit is closed, the
pressure might rise to a dangerous degree.
Having thus described the nature of this Invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed, as communicated to me by my correspondent, I claim,―
First. The use, for automatically controlling or regulating the temperature and
pressure in heating processes, of apparatus wherein an electric circuit is so connected
to the index of a pressure gauge and combined with a shut off valve on the supply
valve to a gas burner that on a certain pressure being exceeded the index of the
gauge causes the circuit to be broken and the gas supply to the burner reduced or
cut off, substantially as herein described.
Second. In apparatus referred to in the preceding claim, the use of a clock so
arranged in combination with the electric circuit and with a second shut-off valve.
on the gas supply, that when a certain pressure has been maintained in the heating
apparatus during a predetermined length of time the clockwork will cause the gas
supply to be entirely cut off, substantially as herein described.
Third. The apparatus for automatically controlling or regulating the temperature
and pressure in heating processes, arranged and operating as herein described with
.reference to the accompanying Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said Gerard Wenzeslaus von Nawrocki, have here-
unto set my hand and seal, this Third day of April, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-eight.
GERARD WENZESLAUS v. NAWROCKI. (L.S.)