IMPROVEMENTS IN BAROMETERS, GAS REGULATORS, AND OTHER APPARATUSES FOR REGULATING AND INDICATING THE FLOW AND PRESSURE OF LIQUIDS AND FLUIDS
Year: 1863

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Bailey, Turret Clock Manufacturer, Salford,
George William Blake, Agent, of Manchester, and William Henry
Bailey, Turret Clock Manufacturer, Salford, all of the County of
Lancaster, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN BAROMETERS, GAS
REGULATORS, AND OTHER APPARATUSES FOR REGULATING AND INDICATING THE
FLOW AND PRESSURE OF LIQUIDS AND FLUIDS."
Sealed the 24th March 1864, and dated the 28th September 1863.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Bailey and William
Henry Bailey at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 28th September 1863.
We, JOHN BAILEY, Turret Clock Manufacturer, Salford, GEORGE WILLIAM
BLAKE, Agent, of Manchester, and WILLIAM HENRY BAILEY, Turret Clock
Manufacturer, Salford, all of the County of Lancaster, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN BAROMETERS, GAS
REGULATORS, AND OTHER APPARATUSES FOR REGULATING AND INDICATING THE FLOW
AND PRESSURE OF LIQUIDS AND FLUIDS," to be as follows:-
These improvements consist, first, in constructing the tubes used in
"Bourdon's" steam pressure barometersandotherapparatusesofacombination
of steel and brass either in two portions, one side of the tube in brass and the
other in steel, or we fix a steel band against one side of a brass tube, and so
obtain a greater deviation of shape in the tubes subject to pressure or when
acted upon by heat. Instead of the ordinary brass for these tubes we use an
alloycomposed of ingredients in or about the following proportions:-270 parts

page_text: of copper, 10 parts of aluminium and 90 parts of zine. These tubes are
applicable to regulate dampers, ventilators, pressure and vacuum gauges,
steam traps, pyrometers, and all indicators acted upon by temperature or
pressure, the construction differing only in the attaching of the parts required
in the several apparatuses to the compound metal tubes.
Our Invention consists, secondly, in the application of tubes known as
"Bourdon's" tubes to the weight gauge described in the Specification of the
Invention of John Bailey and William Henry Bailey, for which Letters
Patent was granted unto them 6th December 1861, No. 3058. The tube
used in "Bourdon's" gauge serves to work the finger on the dial instead of the
present piston with diaphragm.
Our Invention consists, thirdly, in the construction of dial pressure gauges
used for indicating low pressures such as gas and air. We make the casing
of these guages in three principal parts, which can easily be cast; the reservoir
at the bottom for containing the water, the ascension pipe for the float
(made of tin), which serves also as a guide for the float, and screws on the
reservoir, and the dial case fixed on the top of the ascension tube. For
anemometers we require only a tube communicating from the external
atmosphere at some elevated position with the interior of the reservoir, when
the pressure of the air on the water therein lifts the float in the ascension tube
and indicates the pressure on the dial, the finger on the dial being moved by
the action of the float. To insure that the tube conducting the air to the
gauge is kept continually facing the wind we fix a vane to the upper part of
the tube and so construct it that it easily revolves; for this purpose small balls
are placed upon a dished plate to keep them from rolling off, and the vane is
attached to a plate resting thereon; the vane is thus almost frictionless and
noiseless.
Our Invention consists, fourthly, in an improved construction of gas
regulators. The gas passes upwards to the interior of the regulator through
a pipe, which communicates with a small chamber, and makes its exit through
a square shaped bole at the top of the said chamber; between the inlet and
exit holes a small globe of some light and uncorosive material such as wood
pith or other like substance is placed, which rises and falls according to the
pressure of the gas; the globe is made of such a size that when it rests against
the square hole there is still sufficient space left for a small quantity of gas to
pass. A burner constructed somewhat similar can be made to serve as a
pipe or cigar light. Inside the regulating chamber we place a metal ball,
which almost closes the bottom orifice or outlet for the gas when the burner
is held perpendicular,but if inclined ever so slightly in any direction the ball

page_text: rolls aside and leaves the passage for the gas nearly if not totally free; the
amount of clearance left between the balls and the outlet hole may be
regulated by a screw. The lighting of church and other clocks may be done
in a similar manner, but in this case the ball is controlled by clockwork that
is brought over the outlet during the day to reduce the flame as small as
possible, and rolled on one side during the night when the full light is
required.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said John Bailey and William Henry Bailey in the Great Seal
Patent Office on the 28th March 1864.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, JOHN
BAILEY, Turret Clock Manufacturer, Salford, GEORGE WILLIAM BLAKE,
Agent, of Manchester, and WLLLIAM HENRY BAILEY, Turret Clock Manu-
facturer, Salford, all of the County of Lancaster, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-eighth day of September, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-three,in the twenty-seventh
year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant
unto us, the said John Bailey, George William Blake, & William Henry
Bailey, Her special license that we, the said John Bailey, George William
Blake, and William Henry Bailey, our executors, administrators, and assigns,
or such others as we, the said John Bailey, George William Blake, and
William Henry Bailey, our executors, administrators, and assigns, should
at any time agree with and no others, from time to time and at all times
thereafter during the term therein expressed,should and lawfullymight make,
use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN BAROMETERS, GAS REGULATORS, AND OTHER APPARATUSES FOR REGULATING AND
INDICATING THE FLOW AND PRESSURE OF LIQUIDS AND FLUIDS," upon the condition
(amongst others) that we, the said John Bailey, George William Blake,
and William Henry Bailey, our executors or administrators, by an instru-
ment in writing under our, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should
particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention and in
what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in
the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately
after the date of the said Lotters Patent.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said John Bailey, and William Henry
Bailey, do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascer-
tained in and by the following statement, reference being had to the
accompanying Drawings, that is to say :-
Our Invention consists, firstly, in constructing the tubes used in Bourdon's
steam pressure gauges, barometers, and other apparatuses of a combination of
steel and brass either in two portions, one side of the tube in brass and the
other side in steel, or fixing a steel band against one side of a brass tube, by
this means we obtain a greater deviation of shape in the tubes when subject
to pressure or acted upon by heat. Instead of ordinary brass for these tubes
we use an alloy composed as follows:-Two hundred and seventy parts of
copper to ten parts aluminium and ninety parts of zinc. These tubes are
applicable to regulate dampers, ventilators, pressure, and vacuum gauges,steam
traps, pyrometers, and all indicators acted upon by temperature or pressure,
the construction differing only in the attaching of the parts required in the
several apparatuses to the compound metal tubes.
Our improved tube is shewn in Figs. 5 and 6,Sheet I., in which the sections
of two different shapes of tubes are shewn, but we do not confine ourselves to
any precise form or shape. In Figs. 5 and 6, a represents the portion made
of steel, and the portion made of brass or the alloy herein-before mentioned.
The tubes can be constructed either without joint by the process known as
solid drawn or with a brazed seam.
Fig. 1 represents a front elevation, and Fig. 2, a cross section of a steam
pressuregauge, of the kindtermed Bourdon's gauge, and withourimprovements
attached. The sector arm, which drives the pinion on the finger shaft is
prevented from shaking or having any back lash by the spiral spring d, one
ende of which enters a slot in the arm c, and thus always keeps it close to its
work. Fig. 3 is an elevation of a tube shaped to act as a compound spring;
as is the tube; it will be seen that when a pressure is exerted within the tube
that a slight movement towards straightening at the corner will move the
extremity ¹ a considerable distance, and thus shew wide indications on the
dial. Fig. 7 represents a pyrometer having a bent tube m filled with volatile
spirit, and then hermetically sealed, constructed of steel b' and brass or
aluminium alloy a, as herein-before described, and shewn in Figs. 5 and 6.
The two sides of this tube baving an unequal expansion, and the ends being
secured, the tube has a tendency to straighten when it is heated partly
through the pressure exerted by the heated spirit and partly through the
unequal expansion of the metals of which the tube is constructed; the motion

page_text: thus derived is transmitted to the finger n by the connecting rod p, and is
indicated upon a dial; this improvement can also be applied and used as a
thermometer. Fig. 8 represents a sectional elevation of a mode of regulating
a throttle valve in a steam pipe according to the pressure of the steam; for
instance, supposing we had steam at sixty pounds per square inch pressure in
the pipe at g, and we required to have always a pressure of forty pounds at the
other side of the throttle valve r, at s we place a tube t at that side, and at
the extremity of this tube u is fixed a projection to which is attached a rod v,
which works an arm w connected to the throttle valve..
When the pressure
of the steam increases above the pressure at which the tube t is adjusted, the
tube lifts the rod and commences to close the throttlevalve, and if thepressure
increases above a certain amount entirely closes the throttle valve. The same
construction of apparatus can be used for regulating dampers in flues, the end
of the tube being fastened to a lever or other contrivance connected to the
damper. Fig. 9 represents a tube applied to the regulation of an ordinary
valve; the tube works the hand wheel leveras shewn, or other contrivance,
and gives a rotatory motion thereto. Fig. 10 represents a sectional elevation
of another description of valve called a balance valve, worked by a tube d² in
a similar manner to that just described. Fig. 11 is a sectional elevation of a
trap used at the termination of a range of steam piping to catch the conden-
sation. Within the box we place a tube d³,constructed asshewn and described
in Figs. 5 and 6, which when heated by the steam keeps the valve a³ down in
its seat, but when the water or condensation accumulates sufficiently to cover
the said tube 3, then the change in temperature of the said tube changes
its forn, and valve a³ is opened. Fig. 12 represents a front elevation, and
Fig. 13, a transverse section, of a steam and water gauge, the tube d+ has its
interior open to the atmosphere; the pressure of the steam admitted into the
gauge acts upon the exterior of the tube and changes its form according to
the pressure; the motion of the tube is imparted to a finger 4 by means of
the connecting rod +, and the pressure can thus be indicated. The front of
the gauge is nearly all filled in by a glass plate c', see Fig. 13. In order
to make a good metallic joint for the glass, we bend some sheet lead all round
the edge of the glass, as shewn in Fig. 13 ate, and the two abutting ends we
solder together when the glass with its edges covered in this manner is placed
between the front plate m and the body of the gauge n, and they are screwed
well together; the lead fills up all inequalities and forms a perfect joint. The
steam is admitted through the tap a, and the water through the tap 64.
Fig. 14 is a cross section of a self-registering deep sea sounding apparatus by
mcans of the application of a tube d³, similar to those used in the steam

page_text: gauges herein-before described. The pressure of the water is exerted in the
interior of the tube do, and the motion of tube transmitted toa fingerpointing
on a dial.
Our Invention consists, secondly, in the applicationof Bourdon's tubes tothe
weightgaugedescribedin John Baileyand William Henry Bailey'sSpecification,
for which Letters Patent were granted unto them Sixth December 1861, No.
3058. The tube used in Bourdon's gange serving to work the finger on the
dial, instead of the present pistonwith diaphragm. Fig. 4 represents the front
elevation of this steam gauge, the weight is indicated by the letter f, and is
fastened to an arm which oscillates upon a stud at g; a connecting rod/gives
motion and the sector arm l, being jointed to it the tube /.
Our Invention consists, thirdly, intheconstructionofdial pressuregaugesused
for indicating low pressure such as gas and air; we make the casing of these
gauges in three principal parts which can easily be cast. The reservoir at the
bottom for containing the water, the ascension pipe for the float made of tin,
which serves also for a guide for the float and screws on the reservoir, and the
dial case fixed on the top of the ascension tube.
is
Sheet 2, Fig. 15, represents a front elevation, and Fig. 16, a sectional plan
through the line X, Y, in Fig. 15 of a gas pressure gauge. A is the float
upon which is fixed the rack which moves the finger pinion round; C is the
reservoir containing the water; B, the ascension tube, which is made of tin
and bored out straight and smooth, thus serving as a guide for the float as
shewn,and D is the casing containing the dial and motions for the finger; the
water is poured in through the pipe E; F is the water level tap; G, the inlet
for the gas, and H the outlet for the overplus of water. Fig 17 isa sectional
elevation of another kind of gas gauge to be used with mercury.
The gas
admitted throughthepipeN,and pressing against the holder or invertedcup K,
having its edges immersed in the mercury M raises it; atthe top of the holder
is a rack which drives the pinion O fixed on the finger shaft, and as the pinion
revolve it winds up the spiral spring P fixed to the finger shaft,and requires
consequntly more pressure of gas to turn it, which is indicated by the finger
on a dial. For anemometers we require only a tube communicating from the
external atmosphere at some elevated position to the interior of the reservoir,
as shewn at P, Fig. 18, Sheet 2, which is a similar apparatus to that shewn
in Fig. 15, when the pressure of the air on the water therein lifts the float on
the ascension tube and indicates the pressure on the dial, the finger on the
dial being moved by the action of the float. To insure that the tube con-
ducting the air to the gauge is kept continually facing the wind, we fix a
vane to the upper part of the tube, and so construct it that it easily revolves;

page_text: for this purpose small balls are placed upon a dished plate to keep them from
rolling off, and the vane is attached to a plate resting thereon, the vane is thus
almost frictionless and noiseless. Fig. 19 represents a sectional elevation of
the frictionless vane. The vane is fixed at the top of th tube S, which is
supported by the flange Q, grooved beneath to fit the curve of the balls R, R;
the balls R rest upon another grooved flange T fixed to the descending tube,
to the anemometer, or in ordinary vanes to the standard; as the working
surfaces are all in rolling contact the friction is reduced to a minimum.
.Our Inventionconsists, fourthly, inanimproved constructionof gasregulators.
The gas passes upwards to the interior of the regulator through a pipewhich
communicates with a small chamber, and makes its exit through a square-
shaped hole at the top of the said chamber; between the entrance and exit
holes is placed a small globe of some light and uncorrosive material such as
wood pith or other like substance, which rises and falls according to the
pressure of the gas; the globe is made of such a size that whenit rests against
the square hole there is still sufficient space left for a small quantity of gas to
pass. A burner constructed somewhat similar can be made to serve as a pipe
or cigar light. Inside the regulating chamber we place a metal ball, which
almost closes the bottom orifice or outlet for the gas, when the burner is held
perpendicular, but if inclined ever so slightly in any direction the ball rolls
aside and leaves the passage for the gas nearly, if not totally, free; the amount
of clearance left between the ball and the outlet hole may be regulated by a
screw. The lighting of church clocks may be done in a similar manner, but
in this case the ballis controlled by clockwork that is brought over the outlet
during the day to reduce the flame as small as possible, and rolled on one side
during the night when the full light is required. Fig. 20 is a sectional
elevation of a burner constructed in this manner. The ball a rests uponthe
top of the inlet 6 and partially closes it; when the pressure increases the
ball is lifted and pressed against outlet ce, and thus keeps the flame at one
height, the tubes taking the gas to the flame we make with an elbow, as
shewn, so as to direct the currents of gas across one another, and a third
tube at edirects a current of atmospheric air through the centre of the flame.
Having described the nature of the said Invention, and the manner of
carrying the same into practical effect, we would have it understood that we
do not confine ourselves to the exact details and precise mode of construction
herein delineated and described, as the same may be variously arranged
without departing from our Invention, but what we do claim is,―
Firstly, the construction and application of tubes composed of steel and
brass, or an alloy of aluminium, for the purposes herein-before described.

page_text: Secondly, the application of the principle of Bourdon's guage to the weight
gauge invented by John Bailey and William Henry Bailey herein-before
recited.
Thirdly, the construction and general combination of parts of gas pressure
guages substantially as herein-before described.
Fourthly, the application of frictionless balls to vanes as herein-before
described and shewn.
In witnesswhereof, we, the said John Bailey and William Henry Bailey,
have hereunto set our hands and seals,this Twenty-sixth day of March
in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-four.
HENRY BAILEY.
Witness,
(L.S.) JOHN BAILEY.
(L.S.) WILLIAM
Jos". WILLCOCK,
Patent Agent & Engineer,
24, Market Place, Manchester;
& at 89, Chancery Lane, London.