Improved Churning Apparatus.
Year: 1893

page_text: Date of Application, 13th Dec., 1893
Complete Specification Left, 13th Oct., 1894-Accepted, 17th Nov.,
1894
Improved Churning Apparatus.
I, THOMAS BRADFORD, of High Holborn, in the County of London, Laundry
and Dairy Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said invention to be as
follows:-
This invention relates to improved churning apparatus, the invention having
special reference to the formation of the rotative churning device, and to its
arrangement in relation to the co-acting inner surfaces of the churning vessel.
In accordance with the invention, I make the said churning device in the form of
a plain cylindrical roller of large diameter relatively to the interior size of the
churning vessel, with its ends abutting in close proximity to the ends of the latter,
or I make a roller of such relative dimensions very slightly convex or very slightly
concave between its ends, or with a central and end parts of said large diameter
and with intermediate parts of a somewhat less diameter so as to form two shallow
depressions running around the roller between said central part and said end
parts.
1 secure such roller in a readily removable manner between end bearings
passing through the opposite ends of the churning vessel, and I drive the same at
a relatively high speed by suitable external gearing.
By making the churning device of such a formation and of such relatively large
diameter, I leave but a comparatively narrow space between its periphery and the
opposite co-acting inner periphery of the churning vessel, and I am enabled to
conveniently obtain a high surface speed of the churning device at a distance from
the centre of motion, where agitation and aeration would be the least, which, in
consequence of the periphery of the roller dipping into the cream confined in said
narrow space, is effective in raising the cream in a continuous film-like condition
and in centrifugally impelling such film against the sides and lid of the churn,
which results in the very speedy granulation of the butter particles and production
of butter.
The roller may be arranged concentrically in relation to the co-acting inner
periphery of the churning vessel, or in such a manner that its descending side is
closer to the adjacent inner surface of such vessel than is its ascending side to its
said adjacent inner surface, in which latter event I attain a better facility of
removing the butter from the churning vessel.
As a further modification, I propose to form the roller of a right-handed helical
formation for half its length, and of a left-handed helical formation for the
remainder of its length, dividing such oppositely formed end parts of the roller by
a central web or ring of about equal diameter with that of the internal space of
the churning vessel, by which means I can, upon rotating the churning roller in an
appropriate direction, produce converging or diverging currents of the cream and
the centrifugal projection of like films thereof against the sides and lid of the
churn.
Dated this 13th day of December 1893.
DAY, DAVIES & HUNT,
321, High Holborn, London, W.C., Agents for the Applicant.

page_text: Apparatus.
I, THOMAS BRADFORD, of High Holborn, in the County of London, Laundry
and Dairy Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said invention, and
in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in, and by the following statement :-
This invention relates to improved churning apparatus, the invention having
special reference to the formation of the rotating churning device, and to its
arrangement in relation to the co-acting inner surfaces of the churning vessel.
On the accompanying drawings,—
Fig. 1, represents a sectional elevation of a churning vessel. adapted with one
form of the improved rotating churning device.
Fig. 2, represents a sectional elevation at right angles to Fig. 1.
Figs. 3 to 5 represent modifications of the rotating churning device, and
Fig. 6, represents a corresponding view to part of Fig. 1, showing the preferred
arrangement of the rotating churning device in relation to the co-acting inner
Burfaces of the churning vessel.
A, represents the improved rotating churning device, which is made of large
diameter relatively to the interior size of the churning vessel B, preferably in the
form of a plain cylindrical roller (Fig. 2,) with its ends a, rounded or bevelled off to
leave a sufficient space between the same and the adjacent ends b, of such vessel to
allow of a current of butter-milk between such parts, and which would serve to keep
the butter granules from lodging between such ends and being injuriously acted on.
Or, the roller (of such relative dimensions) may be made very slightly convex
(Fig. 3) or very slightly concave (Fig. 4,) between its ends, or of any combination
or combinations of any of such forms.
I mount the improved churning device or roller A, in a readily removable manner
between end bearings c, d, passing through the churn ends b, (the bearing, being
readily removable upon withdrawal end wise, and the bearing d, serving to
.communicate motion to the roller) and rotate the same at a relatively high speed by
actuating the bearing d, by suitable external gearing a, preferably in the manner
described in the Complete Specification of my application for Patent No. 18825
of 1893; though such churning device may be supported and rotated in any other
convenient manner.
By making the churning device of such formation and of such relatively large
diameter and rotating it at a relatively high speed, I leave but a comparatively
narrow space between its periphery and the adjacent co-acting inner periphery of
the vessel B, and am enabled to conveniently obtain a high surface speed of the
churning device A, at a distance from the centre of motion, (where agitation and
aeration would be the least,) and which in consequence of the periphery of the
roller dipping into the cream confined in said narrow space, is effective in raising
the cream in a film like condition and in centrifugally impelling the same in such
conditi n against the sides and lid of the churn, effecting a thorough aeration and
a speedy granulation of the butter particles and the economic production of butter
of excellent quality.
The roller A, may be arranged concentrically in relation to the co-acting inner
periphery of the vessel B, (Fig. 1,) but I prefer to arrange the roller excentrically
in relation to such periphery of such vessel (ride Fig. 6) so that its descending side
will be closer to the adjacent inner surface of the vessel B, than will its ascending
side to its said adjacent inner surface, as, by so doing, I attain a better facility of
removing the butter from the churning vessel B, by butter scoops.
As a further modification (ride Fig. 5), the roller may be formed of a right-
handed helical formation for halı its length and of a left-handed helical formation

page_text: for the remainder of its length, such oppositely formed end parts of the roller
being divided by a central web or ring a', of about equal diameter to that of the
narrowest internal space of the churning vessel, by which means, I can, upon
rotating the churning roller in a respectively appropriate direction, produce con-
verging or diverging currents of the cream and the centrifugal projection of like
films thereof against the sides and lid or opposite parts of the churn.
Such churning rollers may be made of wood or of metal, and may be solid or
hollow, and if made of metal and hollow they may be made of a sufficient
peripheral thickness and weight to acquire (when rotated at high speed) and to act
on the cream with a fly-wheel-like momentum, minimising the power required to
keep them in effective operation.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
-
1. In combination, a box churn; a roller-like churning device made of a
cylindrical or analogous formation and otherwise as hereinbefore described and of
large diameter relatively to the interior size of the churn so as to leave but a
comparatively narrow space between the adjacent peripheries thereof; and means
for removably supporting such churning device and driving the same at a high
surface speed so as to cause it to be operative in manner aforesaid.
2. The several modifications or formations of such roller-like churning device as
herein before described.
Dated this 1st day of October 1894.
DAY, DAVIES & HUNT,
321, High Holborn, London, W.C., Agents for the Applicant.