Improvements in the Formation of Ozone in Presence of Air or Oxygen, and Apparatus therefor.
Year: 1891

page_text: Date of Application, 24th Mar., 1891
Complete Specification Left, 24th Dec., 1891-Accepted, 30th Jan., 1892
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Formation of Ozone in Presence of Air or
Oxygen, and Apparatus therefor.
We, AUGUST SCHNELLER, of No. 14, Amsterdamer, Veerkade, The Hague, in
the Kingdom of Holland, Chemist and Electrical Engineer, and WILLIAM JOHN
WISSE, of 25 Zwarteweg The Hague, aforesaid, Engineer, do hereby declare the
nature of this invention to be as follows:-
This invention relates to improvements in the formation of ozone in presence of
air or oxygen and apparatus therefor, the object being to provide ozonized air or
ozonized oxygen on a commercial scale in an economical and efficient manner.
For this purpose a stream of air or oxygen is caused to pass between or under
the influence of conductors of electricity separated from one another by two
insulating or dielectric bodies situated at a suitable distance apart, which
conductors are alternately charged positively and negatively respectively to a
high difference of potential. A convenient arrangement is to use glass tubes into
each of which extends a straight wire or rod forming part of a conductor, any
desired number of such tubes and conductors being arranged within a suitable
casing or chamber through which the air or oxygen to be ozonized is caused to
flow and the arrangement being such that the positive and negative conductors
with their enclosing tubes, are located alternately with regard to each other.
The conductors and tubes or dielectric bodies thus form a kind of condenser,
the capacity of which can be increased to any desired extent by increasing the
number of conductors.
A construction of apparatus such as above referred to for producing ozonised air
or ozonised oxygen according to this invention is as follows:-
Within an air tight casing or chamber are arranged a number of glass tubes
each enclosing a conducting wire or rod and supported by vertical plates or flames
arranged in planes at right angles to the axes of the tubes. The tubes are
arranged in rows in such manner that each of their contained conductors shall be
located at an equal distance from the conductors immediately above, below or at
the sides of it.
The vertical plates or frames which support the tubes are so arrange that they
can be readily removed in case of injury to any of the tubes thereby supported.
For this purpose one plan is to fit the ends of the plates or frames into dovetailed
or undercut grooves formed in vertical supports.
The conductors throughout the apparatus are so arranged that while the
conductor in one tube is connected with one pole of the dynamo or transformer
the conductors in the tubes immediately adjacent thereto are connected with the
other pole. Suitable doors or covers afford access to the interior of the air tight
chamber which is connected by tubes or passages with pipes or mains (having
suitable controlling cocks or valves) arranged to convey air or oxygen to and
ozonized air or ozonized oxygen from the said chamber.
A casing with enclosed tubes and conductors as described may be called an ozone
generator. One or more can be employed according to the quantity of air or
oxygen to be treated. Where a number are employed they are charged by a
number of dynamos or transformers each dynamo or transformer acting indepen-
dently of the rest upon a few only of the ozone generators, according to their
electrical capacity. The apparatus is thus divided up into independent sets each
set having its own dynamo and transformer.
The dynamo or transformer is arranged to supply an alternating current, so that
each of the conductors in the ozone generator is alternately charged positively and

page_text: negatively to a high degree.
oxygen passing through the
oxygen as the case may be
impregnated with ozone.
The electrical effects thus set up cause a part of the
apparatus to be transformed into ozone and the air or
becomes thereby ozonised, that is to say, charged or
Although we have hereinbefore described an arrangement having a number of
glass tubes each enclosing a single conductor, it is obvious that this may be modified
in practice without departing from the nature of the invention. For instance the
tubes might be formed of any other suitable dielectric substance, and might be of
other form than circular in transverse section, and might be arranged otherwise than
horizontal. Moreover, in some cases, a number of conductors.connected with the
same pole of the dynamo or transformer might be arranged between a pair of
dielectric plates or partitions, a corresponding number of conductors connected
with the other pole of the dynamo or transformer being arranged in juxtaposition
to these between another pair of dielectric plates.
It is desirable to provide for removing in some suitable manner any dust or
moisture present in the air or oxygen before the same enters the ozone generating
apparatus. One way of doing this is to pass the air or oxygen through a number
of layers or thicknesses of filtering material which serves to retain the dust and
other floating particles, and through one or more chambers in which the air or
oxygen is exposed to the action of some suitable dessicator such for example as
calcium-chloride or sulphuric acid.
We have herein before described the use of an alternating current because we at
present consider it desirable to use such in carrying out our invention although
under some circumstances it might be found convenient to employ an intermittent
current in connection with the ozone generators.
Dated this 24th day of March 1901
AUGUST SCHNELLER.
WILLIAM JOHN WISSE.
W. Lloyd Wise,
46, Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, W.C., Agent for the Applicants.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Formation of Ozone in Presence of Air or
Oxygen, and Apparatus therefor.
We, AUGUST SCHNELLER, of No. 1ª Amsterdamer Veerkade, The Hague, in
the Kingdom of Holland, Chemist and Electrical Engineer, and WILLIAM JOHN
WISSE of 25 Zwarteweg, The Hague, aforesaid, Engineer, do hereby declare the
nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
This invention relates to improvements in the formation of ozone in presence of
air or oxygen, the object being to provide ozonised air or ozonised oxygen on a
commercial scale in an economical and efficient manner.
For this purpose a stream of air or oxygen is caused to pass between or under
the influence of conductors of electricity that are alternately charged positively and
negatively, respectively, to a high difference of potential, these conductors being
each enclosed within a tube of insulating or dielectric substance such as glass,
whereby the conductors are separated from one another. Any desired number of
such tubes and conductors can be arranged within a suitable casing or chamber
through which the air or oxygen to be ozonised is caused to flow; the arrangement
is such that the positive and negative conductors with their enclosing tubes, are
located alternately with regard to each other.
The conductors and tubes thus form a kind of condenser, the capacity of which
can be increased to any desired extent by increasing the number of tubes and
conductors.
A construction of apparatus such as above referred to for producing ozonised air

page_text: Fig. 1 is a transverse section of the apparatus on the line a x Fig. 2.
Fig. 2 is a horizontal section on the line y y Fig. 1.
Figs. 3 and 4 show details of construction to a larger scale.
Fig. 5 is a longitudinal section and
Fig. 6 a plan of a complete plant for producing ozonized air or ozonised
oxygen.
Fig. 7 is a diagrammatic view showing the relative arrangement of the tubes,
and electric conductors.
Within an air tight casing or chamber supported on a suitable frame e are
arranged a number of glass tubes c each enclosing a conducting wire or rod d and
supported by vertical plates or frames p arranged in planes at right angles to the
axes of the tubes. The tubes are arranged in rows as shown in such manner that
each of their contained conductors shall be located at an equal distance from the
conductors immediately above, below or at the sides of it.
The vertical plates or frames p which support the tubes consist of porcelain,
glass or other suitable insulating material and are so arranged that they can be
readily removed in case of injury to any of the tubes thereby supported. For this
purpose one plan as shown in Fig. 2 and to a larger scale in Figs. 3 and 4, is to fit
the ends of the plates or frames into dovetailed or undercut grooves b formed in
vertical supports carried on bearing pieces or feet y.
The conductors throughout the apparatus are so arranged that while the con-
ductor in one tube is connected with one pole of the dynamo or transformer the
conductors in the tubes immediately adjacent thereto are connected with the other
pole so that in each vertical or horizontal row alternate tubes are of opposite
polarity as indicated in Fig. 7 where e¹ e² are conductors leading to the dynamo or
transformer. Suitable doors or covers a afford access to the interior of the air
tight chamber which is connected by tubes or passages A¹ B' having suitable
controlling cocks or valves with pipes or mains D E arranged to convey air or
oxygen to and ozonised air or ozonised oxygen from the said chamber.
A casing with enclosed tubes and conductors as described may be called an
ozone generator. One or more can be employed according to the quantity of air
or oxygen to be treated being connected between the mains D E as indicated more
clearly at C C² C³ Fig. 2. Where a number of ozone generators are employed
they are charged by a number of dynamos or transformers each dynamo or trans-
former acting independently of the rest upon a few only of the ozone generators,
according to their electrical capacity. The apparatus is thus divided up into
independent sets each set having its own dynamo and transformer.
The dynamo or transformer is arranged to supply an alternating current, so that
each of the conductors in the ozone generator is alternately charged positively and
negatively to a high potential. The electrical effects thus set up cause a part of
the oxygen passing through the apparatus to be transformed into ozone and the air
or oxygen as the case may be becomes thereby ozonised, that is to say, charged or
impregnated with ozone.
For
Although we have hereinbefore described an arrangement having a number of
glass tubes each enclosing a single conductor, it is obvious that this may be
modified in practice without departing from the nature of the invention.
instance the tubes might be formed of any other suitable dielectric substance, and
might be of other form than circular in transverse section, and might be arranged
otherwise than horizontal.
To provide for supplying the stream of air or oxygen and for removing any dust
or moisture present in the air or oxygen before the same enters the ozone
generating apparatus, the arrangement shown in Figs. 5 and 6 may be employed.
A is a blowing apparatus which serves to force the air or oxygen through a
number of layers or thicknesses 6' of cotton wool or other suitable filtering material
in a chamber b, which material serves to retain the dust and other floating particles,

page_text: and then through a chamber or chambers containing desiccating material-two
such chambers being illustrated in the drawings. In one of these chambers C the
air or oxygen is exposed to the action of sulphuric acid contained in trays, the
other chamber C* containing in trays c¹ calcium chloride as shown. The gases
thus purified then pass on to the ozone generator d*. If desired two or more acid
chambers or calcium chloride chambers may be employed instead of one only.
We have hereinbefore described the use of an alternating current because we
consider it desirable to use such in carrying out our invention although under some
circumstances it might be found convenient to employ an intermittent current in
connection with the ozone generator.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that we are aware
it has been proposed to produce ozone in apparatus consisting of an alternate
current dynamo machine, an inductor and inducing and insulating plates between
which the air is passed while the plates are electrically charged, and to this we
make no claim, but what we do claim is :-
:-
1. Apparatus for the formation of ozone in the presence of air or oxygen wherein
electric conductors are enclosed in tubes of insulating or dielectric material such as
glass, the alternate conductors being of opposite polarity substantially as
described.
2. Apparatus for the formation of ozone in the presence of air or oxygen,
wherein the air or oxygen is caused by a blower to pass through a filter, through a
chamber or chambers containing desiccating material, through an ozone generator
constructed with tubes of insulating or dielectric material enclosing conductors, the
alternate conductors being of opposite polarity, substantially as described with
reference to Sheet 2 of the drawings.
Dated this 24th day of December 1801
W. LLOYD WISE,
Per F. J. Brougham,
46, Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, W.C., Agent for the Applicants.