IM- PROVEMENTS IN PULLIES AND RIGGERS
Year: 1864

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Clark, of 53, Chancery Lane, in the County
of Middlesex, Engineer and Patent Agent, for the Invention of "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN PULLIES AND RIGGERS."-A communication from abroad by
Jean François Casimir Noël, Merchant, of 29, Boulevart St. Martin,
Paris.
Sealed the 7th October 1864, and dated the 22nd April 1864.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Clark at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
22nd April 1864.
I, WILLIAM CLARK, of 53, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex,
Engineer and Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PULLIES AND RIGGERS," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to improvements in pulleys, blocks, and riggers,
and consists, first, in applying ratchet teeth to the cheeks or sides of the
pulley furnished with pawls or catches, these teeth being on the periphery
permit of the pulley turning in one direction only when the pawl is in gear
therewith, in such manner that supposing a weight is to be raised by means of
a cord passing over a pulley arranged in the manner described, the pulley will
turn easily when raising said weight, but if it is desired to lower or remove it
in order to haul in the cord, the pulley being held by the pawl is prevented
from turning in the reverse direction, the cord running in the groove of the

page_text: pulley, which produces considerable friction and resistance, and has the effect
of reducing the power necessary for sustaining the weight.
The second improvement consists in making the grooves of pullies with
projections resembling toothed gearing, and also to substitute endless chains
for the cords usually employed which gear with the teeth or projections made
in the groove of the pulley; this arrangement is especially of advantage for
raising heavy loads.
I have represented in the annexed Drawing several arrangements of pullies
furnished with ratched teeth and pawls.
It is unnecessary to remark that where a pulley is required to turn in both
directions for raising weights, or to be held at any point during its rotation in
either direction, it is furnished with two stop catches mounted inversely to
each other on the same or both cheeks of the pulley, so that in raising a
weight the pawl which prevents the pulley turning in the desired direction
is raised and kept free from contact with the teeth of the ratchet.
Fig. 1 shows a front elevation of an ordinary pulley furnished with ratchet
teeth and pawl; Fig. 2 shows a section on line 1, 2, of same; Fig. 3 an end
view of same pulley; Fig. 4 a front elevation of a peculiar arrangement of
pulley also furnished with a ratchet and pawl; Fig. 5 shows a section on
line 3, 4, of same; Fig. 6, end view of the pulley; while Figs. 7 and 8 show
sections of pullies of modified construction, also furnished with ratchet and
pawl. These improvements are applicable to all kinds of pullies, riggers, and
other similar apparatus. The same letters apply to all the Figures.
a, fork.or. strap of the pulley b; c, d, cheeks or sides of said pulley, the
periphery of c being provided with ratchet teeth; e, pawl or catch gearing
with the ratchet teeth of c. It will thus be understood that in raising a weight
the pulley is free to be turned in the direction of the arrow, but will be held
by the catch e and prevented from turning in the contrary direction; in this
manner if the weight is required to be lowered, the cord is forced to slip in
the groove of the pulley.

page_text: ..WHEREAS. Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-second day of April, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-four, in the twenty-seventh year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said William Clark, Her special licence that I, the said William
.Clark, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as J,
the said William Clark, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should
at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times
thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise, and vend within the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of. Man, an Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN PULLIES AND RIGGERS," a communication to me from abroad
by Jean François Casimir Noël, Merchant, of 29, Boulevart St. Martin,
Paris, upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said William Clark,
my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or
their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascer-
tain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was
to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal. Patent
Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the
said Letters Patent. :
:
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the. said William Clark, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the ful-
lowing statement, reference being bad to the Sheet of Drawings hereunto
annexed, and to the letters and figures. marked thereon (that is to say):-
This Invention relates to improvements in pullies, blocks, and riggers, and
'consists, first, in applying ratchet teeth to the cheeks or sides of pullies
furnished with pawls or catches, these teeth being on the periphery permit of
the pulley turning in one direction only when the frame is in gear therewith
in such manner that supposing a weight is to be raised by means of a cord or
chain passing over a pulley arranged in the manner described; the pulley will
turn easily when raising said weight, but if it is desired to lower or remove it
in order to haul in the cord or chain, the pulley being held stationary by the
pawl, is prevented from turning in the reverse direction, while the cord will
run in the groove of the pulley, which produces considerable friction and
resistance, and has the effect of reducing the power necessary for sustaining
the weight.
The second improvement consists in making the groove or throat of pullies
with projections resembling teeth, and also to substitute in this case endless

page_text: chains for the cords usually employed, which gear with the teeth or projections
made in the groove of the pulley. This arrangement is especially of advantage
for raising heavy loads, and being furnished with ratchet teeth and pawl may
be held at any desired point in the length of the chain.
Thirdly, in causing these pullies, riggers, or drums to turn on their axes,
which may be cranked or mounted eccentrically, as herein-after described.
When it is desired for the pulley or other part to turn in both directions in
order to raise the weight, and also to hold it at any point during its descent,
I employ two pawls acting in contrary directions, on two ratchet wheels, one
on each side of the pulley. In this manner when it is desired to raise a
weight the one or other pawl which prevents motion in the direction in which
the pulley is to be turned is raised out of gear with the ratchet and there
held.
This Invention is illustrated in the accompanying Drawing, in which I
have represented several arrangements of pullies and cranked shafts suitable
for application in all similar purposes.
Fig. 1 shows a front elevation of an ordinary pulley furnished with ratchet
teeth and pawl; Fig. 2 a section on line 1, 2, of same; Fig. 3 shows an
end elevation of the pulley; Fig. 4 a front elevation of a peculiar arrange-
ment of pulley having a cranked shaft also furnished with a pawl and
ratchet; Fig. 5 a section on line 3, 4, and Fig. 6, end view of same;
Fig. 6b shows a second end elevation of this pulley, the cranks being
mounted on the exterior for greater convenience of working; Figs. 7 and 8
show pullies mounted on cranked axles, also furnished with ratchet teeth, as
before described; Figs. 7bis and 8bis represent similar pullies, the cranks being
shown on the outside for greater clearness; Figs. 9, 10, 11, 12, 13 and 14,
show the single and double cranked rotating axes of the pullies before
described. The same letters of reference indicate like parts in the several
Figures.
In those pullies having rotating or cranked axes the weight never bears on
the centre, but is transferred alternately from one side to the other by means
of the cranks.
a, fork or strap of pulley; b, c, d, cheeks of pulley, the one side being
furnished with ratchet teeth; e, pawl gearing with the teeth on c. It will be
understood that by turning the pulley in the direction of the arrow it is free
to turn on its axis, but will be prevented from turning in the other direction
by pawl e. In this manner when lowering a weight the rope is allowed to
slip in the groove of the pulley. In Figs. 9 bis and 10 bis I have represented a
pulley the groove of which is furnished with teeth or projections / gearing

page_text: with an endless chain . This arrangement is applicable to all kinds of
pullies, riggers, and drums generally. This pulley may also be furnished with
ratchet teeth either on its side or periphery, and is especially of advantage for
raising heavy loads.
Having described the nature of this Invention, and the manner of per-
forming the same, I declare that what I claim as the Invention to .be
protected by the herein-before in part recited Letters Patent is, the herein-
described improvements in pullies, sheaves, and riggers, consisting,―
1st, in the application of a ratchet and pawl thereto in the manner and
for the purposes herein-before described.
2ndly, in the employment of straight or cranked axes, which latter bring
the weight to bear alternately on either side of the centre.
3rdly, in the application of teeth gearing with a chain to pullies, and riggers,
all as herein described.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Clark, have hereunto. set my
hand and seal, this Twentieth day of October, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-four.
Witness,
W. G. E. SWINNOCK,
53, Chancery Lane,
London..
W. CLARK. (L.S.)