IMPROVEMENTS IN EARTHENWARE PIPE JOINTS
Year: 1873

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Walter Halsted Cortis Stanford, of 3, Westminster
Chambers, Victoria Street, in the County of Middlesex, for the
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Walter Halsted Cortis
Stanford at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his
Petition, on the 8th December 1873.
I, WALTER HALSTED CORTIS STANFORD, of 3, Westminster Chambers,
Victoria Street, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN EARTHENWARE PIPE
JOINTS," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to the construction of the joints of earthenware
pipes in such a manner that when put together they will fit precisely
and maintain their soundness even when laid under water, and consists
in making the joint by running or casting a liquid or molten cement on
the spigots and in the sockets of the pipes by means of male or female
moulds, or by moulds specially adapted for the purpose, the said moulds

page_text: being accurately turned and bored either taper or to a spherical curve.
When the moulds are removed the spigots and sockets thus treated will
fit each other with great nicety, and upon being covered with gas tar or
other suitable varnish or material, and inserted the one into the other
and driven home, the result will be the production of a joint that will
stand considerable pressure and remain water-tight.
being accurately turned and bored either taper or to a spherical curve.
When the moulds are removed the spigots and sockets thus treated will
fit each other with great nicety, and upon being covered with gas tar or
other suitable varnish or material, and inserted the one into the other
and driven home, the result will be the production of a joint that will
stand considerable pressure and remain water-tight.
If the pipes are only temporarily required, or if there is probability
of future inspection or removal, the joint may be coated with tallow or
other non-drying, lubricating, or water-resisting material.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Walter Halsted Cortis Stanford in the Great Seal
Patent Office on the 6th June 1874.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WALTER
HALSTED CORTIS STANFORD, of 3, Westminster Chambers, Victoria
Street, in the County of Middlesex, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Eighth day of December, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-three, in the thirty-
seventh year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said Walter Halsted Cortis Stanford, Her
special licence that I, the said Walter Halsted Cortis Stanford, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said
Walter Halsted Cortis Stanford, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to
and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should
and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United
Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle
of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN EARTHENWARE PIPE JOINTS,"
upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Walter Halsted
Cortis Stanford, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in
writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should par-
ticularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in
what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be

page_text: filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next
and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Walter Halsted Cortis Stanford, do
hereby declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement, reference being had to the accom-
panying Drawings, and to the letters and figures marked thereon, that
is to say:
This Invention relates to the construction of the joints of earthenware,
stoneware, or other pipes in such a manner that when simply placed one
in another they will fit precisely, and maintain their soundness even
when laid under water, and consists in making the joint by running, or
casting, or stamping a liquid, semi-fluid, or molten cement on the
spigots and in the sockets of the pipes, the required form being obtained
by means of male and female moulds, the said moulds being accurately
turned and bored and ground into one another either taper or to a
spherical curve.
The turned moulds may be economically reproduced by means of
plaster of Paris casts. When the moulds are removed the spigots and
sockets thus treated will fit each with great accuracy, and upon being
covered with gas tar, grease, tallow, paraffin, or other suitable varnish or
lubricating material, and inserted the one into the other the result will
be the production of a joint that will stand external and internal pressure,
and remain absolutely air tight and water tight.
.
The material of which the linings and ferrules constituting the joints
are made will vary according to the purpose to which the pipes are to be
applied, but I prefer for ordinary use in drainage works a cement com-
posed of sulphur, ground stoneware pipes, and so much gas tar or other
elastic material as will prevent the compound from cracking in cooling.
The proportions may be varied according to circumstances. The joint
material may be also made of plaster of Paris, Roman, Portland cement,
or in fact of any cement suitable to the use to which the pipes are
intended, the Invention not being limited to the materials of which the
joints are composed.
In order that the foregoing may be more easily understood Drawings
om attached hereto of which the following is a description
Fig. 1 represents a pipe and portion of two others A, A, A; B, B, are

page_text: the socket ends, and C, C, the spigots, D showing the lining of the
socket, and E the ferrule of the spigot.
Fig. 2 exhibits on a larger scale a portion of a joint, and shows the
spherical shape adapted to this size of pipe, by the adoption of which
pipes may be laid to any curve with as much ease and accuracy as those
n a straight line, while it also effectually prevents rupture of the joints
caused by unequal settlement of the ground in which they are laid.
A plain taper joint is depicted in Fig. 3, similar letters referring to
the same parts in each of the Figs.
Having now described and particularly set forth the nature of this
..Invention, and the manner in which the same is or may be used or
carried into effect, I would observe in conclusion that I do not confine
or restrict myself to the precise details or arrangements which I have
described or referred to, as variations may be made therefrom without
deviating from the principles or main features of this Invention, but 1
what I consider to be novel and original, and therefore claim as the
Invention secured to me by the herein-before in part recited Letters
Patent is, the lining D and ferrule E, constructed as described, and
applied to stoneware or other pipes.
In witness whereof, I, the said Walter Halsted Cortis Stanford, 2
have hereunto set my hand and seal, this Sixth day of June,
in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-
four.