Improvements in Radiators for Heating and Cooling.
Year: 1899

page_text: Date of Application, 16th May, 1899
Complete Specification Left, 12th Feb., 1900-Accepted, 17th Mar., 1900
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Radiators for Heating and Cooling.
I, RICHARD CRITTALL, of 34, North Street, Manchester Square, London, W.,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
This invention relates more especially to improvements in the manufacture of
radiators employed for heating rooms and other places by means of hot water or
steam; but the said improvements are also applicable to radiators employed for
cooling rooms or other places by means of cold liquid such as artificially cooled
brine for example.
Heretofore the ordinary well known radiator has been constructed of a series
of vertical hollow castings or sections placed side by side and connected together
at top and bottom by various devices which enable the heating liquid or fluid to
circulate throughout the whole series of castings or sections so as to give off
heat partly by radiation from the surfaces of the sections, and partly by contact
of air with such surfaces.
Now, according to my present invention, instead of making the sections of the
radiators of cast metal, I make them of malleable or ductile metal by a process
of stamping or pressing by suitable dies into the desired shape; and for this pur-
pose I take weldless drawn steel or other sheet metal tubes of flat, oval, pear-shape
or other suitable cross-section; and I stamp or press them at or near their ends,
so as to form on their sides projecting parts or bosses with openings through
them. These projecting parts or bosses are so shaped that when a number of the
sections are placed together side by side the faces of the said projecting parts or
bosses come together, and make water or steam-tight joints with or without suit-
able jointing material between the faces. In order to hold the sections together I
pass through the openings in the projecting parts or bosses, at or near the ends
of the sections, tubes with screwed ends, and on to these screwed ends, which
project beyond the endmost sections I screw suitable nuts or caps, and
thereby press all the sections together at their projecting parts or
bosses. I perforate these connecting tubes with holes which open inside each
section and I introduce the heating or cooling liquid or fluid into and withdraw it
from the apparatus through one or other or both of the said connecting tubes, the
said liquid or fluid finding its way through the aforesaid holes in the tubes into
each of the sections, and after circulating through the same finding its way out
of the sections through the said holes into one or other of the connecting tubes
and thence away.
The ends of each section may be closed by stamped sheet metal or other caps
connected thereto by any suitable means as for example by turning or beading
the edges of the ends of the section over the edges of such caps, or otherwise as
may be found convenient.
In order to prevent the sections collapsing under the strain brought upon them
idewise by screwing up the nuts or caps of the connecting tubes, abutment pieces
may be introduced into each section inside the bossed-out parts to receive such
train, and transmit it from each section to the next.
Dated this 16th day of Mov 1800

page_text: Improvements in Radiators for Heating and Cooling.
I, RICHARD CRITTALL, of 34, North Street, Manchester Square, London, W.,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement:-
This invention, relates more especially to improvements in the manufacture of
radiators employed for heating rooms and other places by means of lot water or
steam; but the said improvements are also applicable to radiators employed for
cooling rooms or other places by means of coid liquid such as artificially cooled
brine for example.
Heretofore the ordinary well known radiator has been constructed of a series
of vertical hollow castings or sections placed side. by side, and connected together
at top and bottom by various devices which enable the heating liquid or fluid to
circulate throughout the whole series of castings or sections, so as to give off
heat partly by radiation from the surfaces of the sections, and partly by contact
of air with such surfaces.
Now, according to my present invention, instead of making the sections of the
radiators of cast metal, I make them of malleable or ductile metal. by. a process
of stamping or pressing by suitable dies into the desired shape, and then connect
them together at top and bottom by suitable devices..
And in order that my said invention may be fully understood I will now proceed
to describe the same with the aid of the accompanying sheet of drawings in which
Figure 1 is a side elevation,. partly in section, of the upper part of a radiator
section constructed in accordance with my invention, Figure 2 a sectional eleva-
tion taken at right angles to Figure 1 on the line 1-1 of that Figure, Figure 3
an elevation of the lower part of the radiator section corresponding to Figure 2,
and Figures 4 and 5 sectional plans taken on the lines 2-2 and 3-3 respec-
tively of Figure 1. Figure 6 is a side elevation, partly in section, of the upper
part of a radiator section similar to that shown in Figure 1 but slightly modified,
and Figures 7, 8, 9 and 10 are views bearing the same relation to Figure 6 that
Figures 2, 3, 4 and 5 bear to Figure 1. Figure 11 is a sectional plan of a
radiator composed of five sections constructed in accordance with Figures 1 to 5,
showing how the sections may be connected together, and Figure 12 is a corre-
sponding sectional elevation. Figures 11 and 12 are drawn to a smaller scale
than Figures 1 to 10.
For the purposes of my invention I take weldless drawn steel or other suitable
metal tubes of flat, oval, pear-shape or other suitable cross-section A; and I
stamp or press them at their ends, so as to form on their sides projecting parts
or bosses B with openings C through them. These projecting parts or bosses B
are so shaped that when a number of the sections are placed together side by
side, as shown by way of example in Figures 11 and 12, the faces D of the said
projecting parts or bosses come together, and make water or steam tight joints
with or without suitable jointing material between the faces.
In order to hold the sections together I prefer to employ the arrangement shown
in Figures 11 and 12 which consists in passing through the openings C in the
projecting parts or bosses D, at or near the upper and lower ends of the sections,
tubes such as that shown at E with screw-threaded ends, and on to these screwed
ends, which project beyond the endmost sections as shown, I screw suitable
nuts F, and thereby press all the sections together at their projecting parts or
bosses. These connecting tubes E are perforated with holes G which open inside
each section, and allow the heating or cooling liquid or fluid to enter and leave
the aparatus through one or other or both of the said connecting tubes.

page_text: It will be understood that the heating or cooling liquid or fluid may be intro-
duced into the radiator and withdrawn therefrom through suitable connections
attached to the tubes E, in the same manner as in radiators of the ordinary well
known construction, the ends of such tubes, where no such connections are made,
being closed by caps or otherwise to prevent the escape of the heating or cooling
liquid or fluid.
I do not confine myself to the above described device for connecting the radiator
sections together as any other suitable means may be employed for that purpose.
The upper and lower ends of each section may be closed by stamped sheet metal
or other caps H connected thereto by any suitable means, as for example by
turning or beading the edges of the ends of the section over the edges of such
caps as shown in Figures 1, 2, 6 and 7, or otherwise as may be convenient.
In order to prevent the sections collapsing under the strain brought upon them
sidewise by screwing up the nuts F of the connecting tubes E, abutment pieces I
may be introduced into each section inside the bossed-out parts B. to receive such
strain and transmit it from each section to the next; and to enable this to be done
the said abutment pieces are made with shoulders I which abut against the edges
of the internal flanged parts C₁ as shown clearly in Figures 2 and 7 when pres-
sure is applied to the outer surfaces D of the bossed-out part B. The abutment
pieces I are introduced before the tube E is inserted, and their ends lie in
recesses C2 formed in the bossed-out part B, the length of the said abutment
pieces I being preferably somewhat less than the distance between the two faces ])
of each section.
The stamping or pressing to shape of the projections or bosses B of the tubes
forming the radiator sections may be effected by suitable modifications of the dies
and stamps of the ordinary well known stamping or pressing machinery that will
readily occur to persons conversant with the art of stamping or pressing metals.
Such machinery forms no part of my present invention.
Similar letters of references relate to like parts in all the figures of the
drawings.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is: -
First. A radiator section made from a metal tube having its connecting pro-
jections or bosses formed thereon by stamping or pressing, substantially as
described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Second. In the manufacture of radiator sections for metal tubes forming the
connecting projections or bosses of such sections by stamping or pressing out the
material of the tubes, substantially as described with reference to the accompany-
ing drawings.
Third. The device for connecting together radiator sections constructed as herein
described, which consists of a perforated tube with screw-threaded ends passed
through the openings in the projections or bosses of the sections, and provided
with tightening nuts screwed on to the said ends, with or without abutment
pieces substantially as described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Fourth. A radiator composed of sections constructed as herein described and
connected together by the device forming the subject-matter of the third claiming
clause hereof, or by any other suitable means.
Dated this 12th day of February 1900.