CERTAIN IMPROVE MENTS IN JACQUARD MACHINES
Year: 1869

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Edward Moorhead and William Dudgeon,
both of Donacloney, Ireland, for the Invention of "CERTAIN IMPROVE
MENTS IN JACQUARD MACHINES."
Sealed the 8th March 1870, and dated the 11th September 1869.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Edward Moorhead
and William Dudgeon at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 11th September 1869.
We, JOHN EDWARD MOORHEAD and WILLIAM DUDGEON, both of
Donacloney, Ireland, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
of "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN JACQUARD MACHINES," to be as follows, that
is to say:
This Invention relates to certain improvements in jacquard machines
whereby the production of the pattern in damask weaving in either
power or hand looms is effected in a more economical manner than
hitherto.

page_text: The framing of the machine under this Invention is similar to the
ordinary double-acting jacquard machine, the essential difference being
that the two cylinders are thrown out simultaneously or nearly so. Of
the two cylinders one works the twill and the other the pattern. The
twill cylinder acts on the needles so as to lift the yarn, and the pattern
cylinder works in the ordinary way, but only turns on its axis the given
number of times required by the pattern, once for every 2, 3, 4, or other
number of shots, as the case may be, the number of revolutions being
guided by a pattern wheel actuated by a ratchet wheel off the frame.
In ordinary machines the spring box is at the back, but under this
Invention the spring box is in front of the pattern cylinder. Against
this spring box there is fitted a face board or needle board, in which
there are short needles with malleable heads; the head works in the
spring box against the spring, and the needle extends through small
holes in the face board to the cylinder or cards. Of the long needles of
the machine one end works against the spring in the spring box before
mentioned, but is not connected or joined to it, and is kept in its place
by an opposite spring on the other end, this spring working against the
twill face board at one end and a small washer fixed to the needle at the
other. Of these springs the first mentioned is the stronger and has
control over the weaker one. By this arrangement the two springs
working in opposition, when not pressed by either of the cylinders, keep
the upright wire in the centre of the lifting bars. The upright wire has
two hooks on its top which compel it to catch on one of the lifting bars
either at the back or front according as the needles may be pressed by
the outside cylinders. The twill which is to be raised is not bored on
the twill cylinder, but the sunk twill is bored in a certain distance, just
so far as to make the upright wire stand between the bars. The twill
cylinder is bored in the usual distance for all the other needles necessary
for lifting the pattern. -
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said John Edward Moorhead and William Dudgeon in
the Great Seal Patent Office on the 10th March 1870.

page_text: WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Eleventh day of September, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-nine, in the 33rd
year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and
grant unto us, the said John Edward Moorhead and William Dudgeon, "
Her special license that we, the said John Edward Moorhead and
William Dudgeon, our executors, administrators, and assigns, or such
others as we, the said John Edward Moorhead and William Dudgeon,
our executors, administrators, or assigns, should at any time agree with,
and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the
term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise,
and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS
IN JACQUARD MACHINES," upon the condition (amongst others) that we, the
said Jolin Edward Moorhead and William Dudgeon, by an instrument in
writing under our hand and seal, should particularly describe and ascer-
tain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was
to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent
Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date
of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that wc, the said John Edward Moorhead and
William Dudgeon, do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention,
and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement, reference
being had to the accompanying Drawings, and to the letters and figures
marked thereon, that is to say:-
Our said Invention relates to certain improvements in jacquard
machines, whereby the production of the pattern in damask weaving in
either power or hand looms is effected in a more economical manner
than hitherto.
The framing of the machine under this Invention is similar to the
ordinary double-acting jacquard machine, the essential difference being
that the two cylinders are thrown out simultaneously or nearly so. Of:
the two cylinders one works the twill and the other the pattern. The
twill cylinder acts on the needle so as to lift the yarn, and the pattern
cylinder works in the ordinary way, but only turns on its axis the given
number of times required by the pattern, once for every 2, 3, 4, or other
number of slots, as the case may be, the number of revolutions being

page_text: guided by a pattern wheel actuated by a ratchet wheel off the frame.
In ordinary machines the spring box is at the back, but under this
Invention the spring box is in front of the pattern cylinder. Against
this spring box there is fitted a face board or needle board, in which
there are short needles with malleable heads; the head works in the
spring box against the spring, and the needle extends through small
holes in the face board to the cylinder or cards. Of the long needles of
the machine one end works against the spring in the spring box before
mentioned, but is not connected or joined to it, and is kept in its place
by an opposite spring on the other end, this spring working against the
twill face board at one end and a small washer fixed to the needle at
the other. Of these springs the first mentioned is the stronger and has
control over the weaker one. By this arrangement the two springs
working in opposition, when not pressed by either of the cylinders, keep
the upright wire in the centre of the lifting bars. The upright wire has
two hooks on its top which compel it to catch on one of the lifting bars
either at the back or front according as the needle may be pressed by
the outside cylinders. The twill which is to be raised is not bored on the
twill cylinder, and the sunk twill is bored in a certain distance, just
Bo far as to make the upright wire stand between the bars. The twill
cylinder is bored in the usual distance for all the other needles necessary
for lifting the pattern.
And in order that our said Invention may be properly understood
we now proceed more particularly to set forth the system, mode, or
manner in or under which the same is, or may be used or practically
carried into effect, that is to say :-
On the appended Sheet of Drawings Figure 1 is a front elevation of
part of our improved three-motion needle jacquard machine, Figure 2
being an elevation of one side of the twill cylinder.
The frame is constructed substantially similar to the frame of existing
double-acting jacquard machines, the only difference being that the two
cylinders marked A and B respectively are thrown out, and are also
made to close at one and the same time. Of the two cylinders A and B
that which is marked A works the twill, the other cylinder B being
employed to actuate the pattern card C. The twill cylinder A is formed
to suit the twill required, having 4, 5, 8, or any other suitable number
of sides, and it acts on the needles so as to lift the yarn in precisely the
same manner as the "gears" or "heddles" at present used in damask

page_text: weaving. The pattern cylinder B is actuated in the ordinary manner,
and is caused to turn on its axis the given number of times required by
the pattern to be produced, the number of such revolutions being deter-
mined by a pattern wheel (not shown on the Drawings), which pattern
wheel is actuated by a ratchet wheel on the framing of the machine. In
existing machines the spring box is placed at the back or behind the
pattern cylinder; in our improved machine we place the spring box in
front of the pattern cylinder B, as shown on the appended Drawings,
and marked E. On the end of the spring box E a face or needle board F
is fitted; this face or needle board is formed with small holes or aper-
tures, into which holes or apertures short needles G are placed. The
heads of the needles G work against the springs H in the spring box E,
and the needles extend through the holes or apertures formed in the
needle board F to or nearly to the pattern card C on the cylinder B, as
shown. One end of the long needles D of the machine works against
the springs H in the spring box E, herein, before described, but is not
attached thereto, and the needles are held in position by opposite springs
J at the other end, one end of the springs J being fixed to the twill face
board K, the other end being placed against a small collar x formed on
the needles D. Of the springs H and J.those marked H are the stronger
and control the weaker springs J. By this arrangement it will be
observed that the springs H and J working in opposition to each other,
when not pressed by either of the cylinders A or B, keep the vertical
wires L in the centre of the lifting bars M, the vertical wires L being
passed up through the loops a formed on the needles D. The vertical
wires are formed with two hooks b on the top, as shown, which hooks
cause them to catch on the lifting bars M either on one side or other of
the vertical wires, according as the needles D may be pressed by the
cylinders A or B. That part of the twill cylinder A which is employed
in forming the raised twill on the damask or cloth is left unbored, as
shown at N, Figure 2, and the part of the twill cylinder employed in
forming the sunk twill is bored, as shown at O, just so far as to cause
the vertical wires L to stand between the lifting bars M. The holes in
the twill cylinder are bored to the usual distance for all the other needles
necessary for lifting the pattern. The samo effect is produced by cards
placed over a twill cylinder, the cards being perforated in the same
manner as the twill cylinder herein-before described. The above-
described apparatus may be applied either to power or hand looms, but
is specially adapted to the former.

page_text: By this Invention the expense of shifting the pattern cards when
weaving cloths is avoided, and a much longer pattern may be obtained
in weaving piece goods without extra expense in painting or cards.
Having now described the nature of our said Invention, and the
system, mode, or manner in or under which the same is or may be used
or practically carried into effect, we would observe in conclusion that
what we consider novel and original, and therefore claim as the Invention
secured to us by the herein-before in part recited Letters Patent is,-
First. Producing the twill on damask cloth by means of a twill
cylinder not connected with the pattern cards, as herein-before
described.
Second. The twill cylinder A bored or perforated, as and for the
purposes herein-before described, or any mere modification thereof.
Third. The employment of loose or moveable springs to produce the
three motions of the needles, as herein-before described, or any mere
modification thereof.
Fourth. The throwing out and in of the twill and pattern cylinders at
one and the same time, as herein-before described.
In witness whereof, we, the said John Edward Moorhead and
William Dudgeon, have hereunto set our hands and seals, this
Sixth day of March One thousand eight hundred and seventy.
מזוודת IÓN
(s) :GV Hoon umaG NHOT
WILLIAM DUDGEON.
(L.S.)