Improvements in Axle-boxes and Hubs for the Wheels of Vehicles.
Year: 1896

page_text: Date of Application, 2nd Mar., 1896
Complete Specification Left, 7th Dec.. 1896-Accepted, 20th Feb., 1897
Improvements in Axle-boxes and Hubs for the Wheels of Vehicles.
CHARLES OLANDT 33 St. Leonard's Street Pimlico, London, S. W., Joiner do
hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
The outside of axle-box are cogs, when the said axle-box rotates, the cogs fall in to
hollows, inside of hub, and so force wheel round.
There are two collars, one each side of axle-box. And four cups or hollows each
side of axle-box, in which work steel or metal balls, which keeps axle-box free from
collars.
This invention is to increase the rotation of wheels, with less power or labour, by
allowing the weight of vehicle to fall forward or backward, as the wheels rotate.
To carry out this invention I propose or am going to make cogs on outside of
axle-hox, which will fall into hollows inside of hub, as the axle-box rotates, and so
force wheel round.
There are two collars one each side of hub, which are fixed on to hub, by screws
or bolts, so as to keep axle-box in its place.
There are four cups or hollows, each side of axle-box, opposite each other, in each
of the said cups or hollows, work a steel or metal ball, which prevents axle-box from
binding or rubbing against the said collars, which are fixed on to hub.
Axle-box is fixed on to axle by nut screwed on end of axle, which is covered by cap
screwed on to side of axle-box.
Marah 2d 1897
CHARLES OLANDT.
Improvements in Axle-boxes and Hubs for the Wheels of Vehicles.
I, CHARLES OLANDT of 36 Market Street, Brighton in the County of Sussex,
formerly of 33 St. Leonard's Street Pimlico London S.W., Carpenter, do hereby declare
the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
My invention relates to improvements in the axle boxes of road vehicles wheels
generally the principle of which is also applicable to the hubs of the wheels of bath
chairs, mail carts and the like, and has for its object to overcome the inertia of a
loaded vehicle and start the same from a position of rest in either a forward or
backward direction, more easily and with less power than has been possible with the
axle boxes as hitherto constructed and used.
In the wheels of road vehicles generally it has hitherto been customary to mount
upon each arm of the vehicle axle, a hollow cylindrical metallic case, known as the
axle box, a hole being bored through the nave of the wheel for the free entry of
the said box, the manner of fixing the said box within the said mave being by the
means of wooden wedges driven between the one and the other, the said box and
wheel being eventually retained upon the axle arm by the means of a lynch pin,
917

page_text: or a nut or nuts, screwed upon the end of the axle arm. According to my inven
tion provide an axle hox capable of fitting and easily rotating upon the axle arm,
the outer surface of the said box having any number of upstanding A shaped ridges
or elongatel teuth, extending from end to end thereof, these being arrangud to
engage during the rotation of the wheel with serrations or semicircular grooves
formed upon in inner periphery of a metallic collar of larger diameter than the
said box, and fixed within the nave or hub of the wheel, the difference between the
external diameter of the said box and the internal diameter of the said collar
permitting a certain freedom of action of the former within the latter, which when
a pull in either direction is exerted upon the axle to move the vehicle from a position
of rest, causes the partial rotation of the said box before the rotation of the wheel
commences, thereby transferring the weight of the load from the lower tooth or
ridge of the box to the next and the next tooth or ridge in the direction of the
said pall the leverage thus set up imparting motion to the wheel by reason of the
said forward teeth or ridges of the box "engaging with the forward groovas or
serrations in the before mentioned collar, hereinafter explained.
In the nucutapanying drawings I have chosen to illustrate my invention as applied
to a road vehicle wheel,
Fig. 1 loing a vertical suction of a wheel nave according to my invention with my
said box only partly in section.
Fig. 2 is a front elevation of Fig. 1 with the outer or fancy cap partly broken away.
Fig. 3 is a like view with the said cap, nur and front plate removed.
Fig. 4 and 5 are diagrams hereinafter explained.
In carrying my invention into effect I prefer to employ an axle A, having an
abnormally broad flange ur shonkler 1, at the inner end of the arm Cami abutting
against this mount upon the said arm a metallic leather or other washer and
abutting against this a circular metallic plate E having a central hole a one and a
half times or thereabouts as large as the diameter of the arm C. Upon the said
arm mount a close fitting but rotatable axle box F which may be cast or wrought
from any suitable metal preferably iron or steel, leaving formed upon its outer surface
any number of A shaped teeth or ridges G. In both the and faces of the box F
I provide four or more cup like hollows & in which I place steel balls e, those in the
inner end serving to prevent friction between this and the plate E, against which
this end of the box F would otherwise abut.
Surrounding the said box I provide a metallic collar H having upon its innor
periphery equidistant serratious or grooves J of such a distance apart that the teeth
or ridges on F may feel thereunto. Upon the outer surface of the collar H
I mount a collar K of rubber, leather or other resilient material to prevent vibration,
and surrounding this provide a hub or nave L, which may be of wood having
recesses formed therein for the reception of the heels of the spokes M in the usual
way, or this may be provided from a casting of metal having such rouesses formel
therein, this being to some extent determinable by the size of the wheel and the
weight it may be called upon to carry.
One side of the said metallic coliar 1, resilient collar K, and hub or nuve L, all
abut against the metallic plate E. and abutting against these at their opposite sides
I mount upon the axle arm C, a like circular metallic plate N between which and
the axle box F I interpose halls as previously explained the whole being rigidly
leld together by any number of ties, rods or bolts O passing through holes in both the
plates N and E, and through the substance of the nave or lub L, and tightened up
by nuts d as shown.
The arm C is threaded at its outer end, and upon this, outside the plate N, 1 mount
a washer P, and outside this I screw upon the arm Ca nu R, retained in position by
a second or lock nut or by the means of a lynch pin S as shewn in Fig. 1. Upon the
outer face of the plate N an annular ridge T is formed threaded upon its outer
surface, and with this engages a fancy cap V which encloses the whole to keep oni
dust and dirt. The manner of operation would be as follows:-
When the vehicle is in a position of rest two of the A shaped ridges or tenth G

page_text: upon the axle box F would be brought into vertical alignment, with the centre of
the axle, by the automatic centralization of the load, with the lower tooth or ridge (
resting in the lowest and central groove J' of the collar H substantially as at Fig...
at which moment the entire weight of the load would be upon the ridges G¹ of both
axle boxes, but if a pull be exerted upon the axle by horse or other power in the
direction of the arrow Fig. 4, such pull would carry with it the axle box F, and place
its next tooth or ridge into one of the forward grooves or serrations J2 of the
collar H thus transferring the load from J to J2, and by reason of the horizontal
level of J being higher than that of a leverage would be set up equal to the
difference in the level of these and the downward pressure of the thus transferred
load, would impart motion to the wheel, and a continuance of the said pull would
eventually place J into the position lately occupied by J when the next succeeding
tooth or ridge G would engage with one of the next forward grooves or serrations J
and so on, and the thus shifting of the centre of gravity of the load as described
would have the effect of partly lifting the load off the animals back and so lassen
the draft. If the animal be called upon to back the loa a push would be imparted
to the axle in the direction of the arrow Fig. 5 when an opposite result would take
place, and the load be transferred from Gin J' to G in J as at Fig. 5, when the
load would be partly resting upon the animals back and so assist to effect the said
backing.
The said movements of the axle box F within the collar H would also be between-
the plates N and E, the friction that would otherwise be set up between F and these,
being minimized by the balls and cups c and b and irrespective of whether or not the
vebicle may be provided with springs, a sufficient elasticity is provided in the wheel
by the resilient collar K to prevent vibration.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed declare that what
I claim is
1st. In road and other vehicles wheels, the combination of an axle hox having
external teeth or ridges arranged to move vertically and horizontally within the nave
or hub of the wheel, the said teeth making progressive contact with serrations or
grooves, upon the inner surface of the said nave or hub substantially as and for the
purposes specified.
2nd. In road and other vehicle wheels the combination of a hollow wood or
metallic hub or nave such as L, carrying internally a resilient collar K and metallic
collar the latter having internal grooves or serrations J, the said hub or nave and
collars being bound together by a pair of circular plates N and E and through
bolts O the said collar H and plates N and E enclosing a box F having upon its.
outer surface. teeth or ridges G arranged to engage with the serrations Jin H the
said box being mounted upon the axle arm and provided at each end with cups b
and balls to minimize friction between itself and the plates N, E, the whole being
retained upon the axle arm C by the means of a nut or nuts R with or without a
lynch pin S, enclosed by a dust cap such as V arranged to be fixed upon the
plate substantially as and for the purposes herein described and shewn by the
drawings.
. GEO. THOS. HYDE,
1 Broad Street Buildings, Liverpool Street, London, E.C.,
Agent for the Applicant.
GEO. THOS. HYDE,
1 Broad Street Buildings, Liverpool Street, London, E.C.,
Agent for the Applicant.