Improvements in Apparatus for Sterilising Liquids.
Year: 1899

page_text: Date of Application, 6th Mar., 1899
Complete Specification Left, 6th Jan., 1900--Accepted, 10th Feb., 1900
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Apparatus for Sterilising Liquids.
We, WILLIAM PIRRIE, of 4, St. Mary Axe, London, E.C., Engineer, and
NORMAN PIRRIE, of 4, St. Mary Axe, London, EC., Engineer, do hereby declare
the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
Our invention relates to apparatus whereby we effect the sterilisation of
liquids, this apparatus being automatically regulated so that it can operate con-
tinuously without attention.
For this purpose we provide a heater, an exchange heater and a thermostatic
regulator.
The heater may be a closed, vessel of any suitable form, tubular or otherwise in
which liquid can be heated under moderate pressure.
Gas or petroleum is preferably used as heating mediums for small installations.
For large installations heaters like ordinary steam boilers may be used heated
in the usual manner.
The exchange heater consists of concentric cylinders plain or corrugated, the
alternate cylinders being in communication with each other at top and bottom.
The heated liquid flows through one set of alternate cylinders giving up its
heat to the inflowing cold liquid which passes in the opposite direction in the
other set of alternate cylinders. The cylinders may be so connected that the
flow of hot and cold liquids may traverse successive portions of the heat exchanger
all simultaneously.
The thermostatic regulator controls the delivery of liquid from the heater and
is so arranged that it opens only when the temperature is sufficiently raised to
effect sterilisation.
The regulator may also control the supply of the heating medium or an inde-
pendent regulator may be provided for this purpose.
This thermostatic regulator consists of a chamber which can be distended
by the expansion of a fluid heated by the liquid which is being sterilised or by
the pressure of vapour generated by the heat.
The distention or compression of this elastic chamber actuates through suit-
able mechanism, a valve, allowing the heated liquid to flow out and also if desired
a valve to regulate the supply of heat to the heater.
According to a modified arrangement the thermostatic regulator may consist
of a vessel immersed in the liquid being heated and filled with an expansible
fluid, the vessel being in communication with a receiver. As the temperature of
the heated liquid rises the liquid in the vessel expands or generates vapour so
that a portion of the liquid is expelled from it into the receiver. The weight of
the vessel being thus reduced it exerts an upward force so as to actuate through
suitable mechanism the delivery valve of the liquid being sterilised and it is so
adjusted as not to open the valve until a predetermined minimum temperature
is attained.

page_text: When a steam boiler supplies the water the regulating valve may be opened
by the pressure in the boiler it being loaded so as to open only at the minimum
pressure corresponding to the temperature required for sterilisation.
Dated this 6th day of March 1899.
ABEL & IMKAI,
Agents for the Applicants.
Improvements in Apparatus for Sterilising Liquids.
We, WILLIAM PIRRIE, of 4, St. Mary Axe, London, E.C., Engineer, and
NORMAN PIRRIE, of 4, St. Mary Axe, London, E.C., Engineer, do hereby declare
the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed
to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
Our invention relates to apparatus whereby we effect the sterilisation of
liquids, this apparatus being automatically regulated so that it can operate
continuously without attention as we shall described referring to the accompany-
ing drawings.
Fig. 1 is a vertical section partly in elevation of the whole apparatus.
Fig. 2 is a sectional plan of the heat exchanger, and Fig. 3 is a vertical
section to an enlarged scale of the regulating apparatus. 1. is a heater or
vessel heated by a gas flame so as to give the liquid to be sterilised such heat
as is necessary. The hot products of combustion from the gas flame pass up
around the heater a then descend and pass away by a chimney c.
In order to partially heat the fresh liquid supplied to be sterilised and partially
cool the sterilised liquid before its discharge we employ an exchange heater
constructed as follows:
k
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h
d and c are two end plates through each of which passes two pipes f and
and i side by side. A number of small pipes are serewed through the end
plates into the pipes f and g, and similar pipes & into the pipes and the pipes
projecting upwards and the pipes & projecting downwards beyond the plates
and e respectively. To the end plates are fixed by layers of solder a number
of concentric cylindrical shells m into the annular spaces between which project
the pipes and k. The liquid to be sterilised being supplied to the pipe f
ascends by the small pipes up the alternate annular spaces between the shells m
to the pipe above and thence passes by the pipe nearly to the bottom of
the heater . The liquid heated in a passes by the pipe to the pipe i descends
by the small pipes and the alternate annular spaces between the shells m to
the pipe and thence by pipe p to the discharge regulated as will be hereinafter
described.
(
Thus the hot liquid in descending the annular spaces of the heat exchanger
side by side with and in a direction opposite to the cold liquid ascending, becomes
more of less cooled giving more or less heat to the fresh liquid; and thus the
heater has only to supply such an amount of heat as is lost by radiation or other-
wise.
For the purpose of regulating the discharge in such a way that no liquid
can pass through the apparatus unless it has been heated sufficiently to be
sterilised, and also for the purpose of regulating the heat, we employ regulating
apparatus such as is shewn in Fig. 3. Here there is a vessel y having flexible
sides, its interior connected by a piper with a vessels containing liquid immersed
in the liquid in the heater a. The side of the vessel g bears on the stem of the
discharge valvet which is kept closed by a spring u unless the vapour generated
in the vessels has sufficient pressure to expand the side of q in opposition to

page_text: the spring, thus opening the valve and allowing liquid to be discharged. If
the temperature in a is not enough to cause the expansion of then the valve t
remains closed, and no liquid passes, as there was not sufficient heat to sterilise
it. Connected to the steni of the valve t is the stem of the gas valve which is
opened when the valve is closed so as to supply more gas when there is not
sufficient heat, and which is nearly closed when the valve t is opened, reducing the
supply of gas when there is sufficient or more than sufficient heat for sterilising.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what we
claim is;-
1. Apparatus for sterilising liquids constructed and operating substantially
as described.
2. In combination with sterilising apparatus such as is above referred to,
apparatus for automatically regulating discharge of sterilised liquid and supply
of gas, substantially as described.
4000L
ABEL & IMRAY,
Agents for the Applicants.
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ABEL & IMRAY,
Agents for the Applicants.