Improvements in Revolving Flat Carding-engines, applicable also to Scutchers or Openers employed in the Preparation of Cotton and other Fibrous Materials for subsequent Manufacturing Processes.
Year: 1893

page_text: Date of Application, 14th Aug., 1893
Complete Specification Left, 15th May, 1854-Accepted, 16th June, 1894
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Revolving Flat Carding-engines, applicable also to
Scutchers or Openers employed in the Preparation of Cotton
and other Fibrous Materials for subsequent Manufacturing
Processes.
I, FERDINAND ROSSKOTHEN of 35 Johann Georgen Allee Dresden, Germany,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
My invention relates to revolving flat carding-engines and to scutchers or
openers employed in the "preparation" of cotton and other fibrous materials for
subsequent manufacturing processes.
The objects of my invention are, firstly, the provision for the purpose of trans-
mitting motion to the revolving flats of revolving flat carding-engines, of gearing
which shall be simpler, more convenient, more efficient and less liable to wear than
the arrangements of gearing hitherto employed for this purpose and, secondly, the
provision for the purpose of transmitting motion to the feed-rollers by. which cotton
or other fibrous material to be operated upon is delivered to the beaters or
equivalent parts of scutchers or openers, of gearing which shall be more efficient
and less liable to wear than the arrangements of gearing hitherto employed for this
purpose.
In accomplishing the objects of my invention, either as applied to a revolving
flat carding-engine or to a scutcher or opener, I employ a toothed wheel fixed to
any suitable stationary part surrounding or adjacent to the shaft or axle to which
a slow rotary motion is to be imparted, which may be the shaft driving the flats of
a revolving flat carding-engine or a shaft imparting motion thereto in any suitable
manner or the axle of the feed-roller or one of the feed-rollers of a scutcher or
opener or a shaft imparting motion to such axle in any suitable manner and I mount
fast upon the shaft or axle to which rotary motion to be imparted another
toothed wheel. Upon the said shaft or axle or upon a sleeve or other suitable
part, fixed or otherwise, surrounding or adjacent to such shaft or axle, I mount so
that it may be capable of being revolved thereon, a pulley or toothed wheel or
other part to which rotary motion is communicated in any manner which may be
suitable from any suitable part of the machine to which my invention is to be
applied. In the said pulley or toothed wheel or other part to which rotary motion
is communicated or in or upon a part connected thereto in any suitable manner,
mount a short shaft or equivalent part capable of being revolved in or upon the
part in or upon which it is mounted. Upon the said short shaft or equivalent part
I mount two toothed wheels which gear into the two toothed wheels above
mentioned and are arranged so that they will revolve together. The said short
shaft or equivalent part being caused to revolve bodily around the axis about which
is rotated the pulley, toothed wheel or other part in or upon which such short shaft
or equivalent part is mounted, one of the toothed wheels mounted upon such short
shaft or equivalent part will be caused to revolve in consequence of gearing into
the, toothed wheel which is fixed. The other toothed wheel mounted upon the said
short shaft or equivalent part will consequently cause rotary motion to be trans-
mitted to the toothed wheel which is mounted fast upon the shaft or roller to which
the slow rotary motion is to be imparted. The speed of rotation of the shaft or
roller to which motion is communicated in the manner above described, in relation
to the pulley or toothed wheel or other part by which motion is communicated to
the arrangement of gearing will depend upon the arrangement and relative
diameters of the various toothed wheels employed and whether the said shaft or

page_text: roller will rotate in the same direction as the pulley or toothed wheel or other part
by which the arrangement of gearing receives motion or in the opposite direction
will depend upon the arrangement of the various toothed wheels employed.
In some cases I may employ two or more short shafts or equivalent parts similar
and employed similarly to that above described and each provided with two toothed
wheels one gearing into the fixed toothed wheel and the other gearing into the
toothed wheel mounted fast upon the shaft or roller to which the slow rotary
motion is to be communicated.
In some cases I employ carrier-wheels which transmit the motion between the
wheels on the short shaft or equivalent part and the stationary wheel and the wheel
on the shaft or axle which is to be revolved.
The employment of the arrangement of gearing in which my invention consists
enables the necessary slow motion to be imparted to the shaft driving the flats of
a revolving flat carding-engine or the feed-roller or feed-rollers of a scutcher or
opener much more conveniently and with less loss of power and wear and tear
than is involved in the methods hitherto followed in imparting motion to such
· parts.
When a very great reduction of speed is required in the transmission of motion
from the pulley, toothed wheel or other part by means of which the arrangement
of gearing in which my invention consists to the shaft or axle to be driven by such
arrangement of gearing, I prefer to employ wheels of almost equal diameter so
that the product of the numbers of the teeth of the "driving" wheels is almost
equal to the product of the numbers of teeth in the "driven" wheels. If, for
example, the two "driving " wheels, that is to say, the stationary wheel and one
of the wheels on the short shaft or equivalent part, have both a number "a" of
teeth, I provide one of the "driven" wheels with "a + 1" teeth and the other of
Buch "driven" wheels with "a1" teeth and in such case the "driven." shaft or
axle will make one revolution for "a" revolutions of the pulley, toothed wheel or
other part by which the said arrangement of gearing receives motion.
Dated this Twelfth day of August 1893.
HOWARD
CHEETHAM,
Manchester, Agent to the Applicant.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Revolving Flat Carding-engines, applicable also to
Scutchers or Openers employed in the Preparation of Cotton
and other Fibrous Materials for subsequent Manufacturing
Processes.
I FERDINAND ROSSKOTHEN of 35 Johann Georgen Allec, Dresden, Germany
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement :-
My invention relates to revolving flat carding engines and to scutchers or
openers employed in the "preparation" of cotton and other fibrous materials for
subsequent manufacturing processes.
The objects of my invention are, firstly, the provision for the purpose of
transmitting motion to the revolving flats of revolving flat carding-engines, of
gearing which shall be simpler, more convenient, more efficient and less liable to
wear than the arrangements of gearing hitherto employed for this purpose, and
secondly, the provision for the purpose of transmitting motion to the feed-rollers
by which cotton or other fibrous material to be operated upon is delivered to the
beaters or equivalent parts of scutchers or openers, of gearing which shall be more
efficient and less liable to wear than the arrangements of gearing hitherto employed
for this purpose.

page_text: In accomplishing the objects of my invention, either as applied to a revolving
flat carding-engine or to a scutcher or opener, I employ a toothed wheel fixed to
any suitable stationary part surrounding or adjacent to the shaft or axle to which
a slow rotary motion is to be imparted, which may be the shaft driving the flats
of a revolving flat carding-engine, or a shaft imparting motion thereto in any
suitable manner or the axle of the feed-roller or one of the feed-rollers of a
scutcher or opener or a shaft imparting motion to such axle in any suitable manner
and I mount fast upon the shaft or axle to which rotary motion is to be imparted
another toothed wheel. Upon the said shaft or axle or upon a sleeve or other
suitable part, fixed or otherwise surrounding or adjacent to such shaft or axle,
mount so that it may be capable of being revolved thereon, a pulley or toothed
wheel or other part to which rotary motion is communicated in any manner which
may be suitable from any suitable part of the machine to which my invention is
to be applied. In the said pulley or toothed wheel or other part to which rotary
motion is communicated or in or upon a part connected thereto in any suitable
manner, I mount a short shaft or equivalent part capable of being revolved in or
upon the part in or upon which it is mounted. Upon the said short shaft or
equivalent part, I mount two toothed wheels which gear into the two toothed
wheels above mentioned and are arranged so that they will revolve together. The
said short shaft or equivalent part being caused to revolve bodily around the axis
about which is rotated the pulley, toothed wheel or other part in or upon which
such short shaft or equivalent part is mounted, one of the toothed wheels mounted
upon such short shaft or equivalent part will be caused to revolve in consequence
of gearing into the toothed wheel which is fixed. The other toothed wheel
mounted upon the said short shaft or equivalent part will consequently cause
rotary motion to be transmitted to the toothed wheel which is mounted fast upon
the shaft or roller to which the slow rotary motion is to be imparted. The speed
of rotation of the shaft or roller to which motion is communicated in the manner
above described, in relation to the pulley or toothed wheel or other part by which
motion is communicated to the arrangement of gearing will depend upon the
arrangement and relative diameters of the various toothed wheels employed and
whether the said shaft or roller will rotate in the same direction as the pulley or
toothed wheel or other part by which the arrangement of gearing receives motion
or in the opposite direction will depend upon the arrangement of the various toothed
wheels employed.
In some cases I may employ two or more short shafts or equivalent parts similar
and employed similarly to that above described and each provided with two
toothed wheels one gearing into the fixed toothed wheel and the other gearing
into the toothed wheel mounted fast upon the shaft or roller to which the slow
rotary motion is to be communicated.
In some cases, I employ carrier-wheels which transmit the motion between the
wheels on the short shaft or equivalent part and the stationary wheel and the
wheel on the shaft or axle which is to be revolved.
The employment of the arrangement of gearing in which my invention consists
enables the necessary slow motion to be imparted to the shaft driving the flats of
a revolving flat carding-engine or the feed-roller or feed-rollers of a scutcher or
opener much more conveniently and with less loss of power and wear and
tear than is involved in the methods hitherto followed in imparting motion to
Buch parts.
When a very great reduction of speed is required in the transmission of motion
from the pulley, toothed wheel or other part by means of which the arrangement
of gearing in which my invention consists receives motion to the shaft or axle to
be driven by such arrangement of gearing, I prefer to employ wheels of almost
equal diameter so that the product of the numbers of the teeth of the "driving
* driven
wheels is almost equal to the product of the numbers of teeth in the "
wheels. If, for example, the two "driving wheels, that is to say, the .
stationary wheel and one of the wheels on the short shaft, have both a
"
"
:"

page_text: number a of teeth, I provide one of the "driven" wheels with "a + 1 " teeth
and the other of such "driven" wheels with "a1" teeth, and in such case the
"driven" shaft or axle will make one revolution for "a" revolutions of the
pulley, toothed wheel or other part by which the said arrangement of gearing
receives motion.
In order that the principle of the arrangement of gearing in which my invention
consists may be more clearly understood, I will now refer to the diagrams Figs. 1
and 2 in the accompanying drawings.
Differential gearing for reducing speed has been employed before my invention,
but the reduction of speed which can be obtained by the use of such gearing is
not sufficient to render such gearing available for the purposes for which the
arrangement of gearing in which my invention consists is intended.
The principle of the arrangements of differential gearing employed before my
invention may be explained by the diagram Fig. 1 which illustrates two toothed
wheels (a) and (b) having slightly different numbers of teeth and both gearing
with the toothed wheel (c). If the wheel (a) is made to drive and the axle (e)
upon which the wheel (c) is mounted is stationary there will be a small relative
motion between the wheel (a) and the wheel (b). The smallest relative speed
between the two wheels (a) and (b) is obtained when there is a difference of one
tooth between the wheel (a) and the wheel (b). If for instance the wheel (a) has
thirty teeth and the wheel (b) has twenty-nine teeth one revolution of the wheel (a)
will cause one thirtieth part of a revolution of one of such wheels relative to the
other. The relative motion between the wheels (a) and (b) will remain the same
when the wheel (a) is kept stationary and the wheel (c) is made to revolve around
the two wheels (a) and (b). When the wheel (c) is made to revolve around the
two wheels (a) and (b) every revolution of the part (d) in which the axle (e)
carrying the wheel (c) is mounted will cause one thirtieth part of a revolution of
one of the wheels (a) and (b) relative to the other or as (a) is stationary one
revolution of the part (d) on which the wheel (c) is supported will cause one
thirtieth part of a revolution of the wheel (6). In this way the speed is reduced
to one-thirtieth, and the speed of the rotation of the wheel (6) will be one thirtieth
part of the speed of the rotation of the part (d). It is thus obvious that the
greatest possible reduction of speed obtainable by the use of an arrangement of
differential gearing such as is illustrated in the diagram Fig. I is indicated by the
number of the teeth in the wheel (a) or the wheel (b).
According to my invention in order to obtain a much greater reduction of speed
than is possible by means of an arrangement of differential gearing such as is
illustrated in Fig. 1, I employ an arrangement of gearing such as is illustrated in
the diagram Fig. 2 in which two toothed wheels (9) and (h) provided with different
numbers of teeth but secured together so that they must revolve together are
caused to gear respectively with two toothed wheels (i) and (j) which are provided
with different numbers of teeth and capable of revolution, relative to one another.
The wheels (g) and (h) are mounted so as to be capable of revolving upon an
xle (k) projecting from a part (m). If the wheel (i) is driving and the part-(m)
is stationary and the numbers of teeth in the various wheels (g) (h) (i) () be
represented by the letters of reference respectively applied to such wheels one
revolution of the wheel (i) will cause revolutions of the wheel (j) and the
ih
ih
If the
difference between the speeds of the two wheels (i) and (j) will be 1-
91
products h and gj be made almost alike there will be very little difference
between the speed of the wheel () and that of the wheel (j). If for instance the
wheel () have thirty teeth, the wheel () twenty-nine teeth, the wheel (g)
twenty-nine teeth and the wheel (h) twenty-eight teeth the difference between the
speed of the wheel (i) and that of the wheel (j) will be 1
30 x 28
840
or 1
29 × 29
or in
841'

page_text: other words when the wheel (i) has made eight hundred and forty-one revolutions
the wheel () will have made one revolution fewer than the wheel (i). If the
wheel (i) be kept stationary and the part (m) be revolved the relative motion of.
the two wheels (i) and (j) will remain unaltered, and therefore eight hundred and
forty-one revolutions of the part (m) carrying the axle (4) will cause one revolution
of the wheel () or the speed of the revolution of the wheel (5) will be one eight
1
hundred and forty-first part or
of the speed of revolution of the part (m).
29 squared
In order to make the difference between the products (i h) and (9) as small as
possible I make the wheels, the numbers of the teeth in which are employed in the
formation of one of such products with an equal number of teeth and form the
wheels the numbers of the teeth in which are employed in the formation of
the other of such products so that one has a tooth more and the other a tooth less
than either of the two equal wheels. For instance if the wheels (9) and (j) have
each "n "teeth the wheel (i) will be made with "n + 1" teeth and the wheel (h)
will be made with "n-1" teeth so that the difference between the speeds of the
wheels (i) and () which stated in a formula in the manner herein before described
ih
(n + 1) (n−1)
is 1-will be equal to 1-
which indicates that the
9j
nn
n² - 1
or 1
-
71
wheel () makes one revolution while the part (m) makes (n³) revolutions. Other
numbers of teeth may be chosen when necessary or desirable, but the arrangement
which I have here mentioned is to be preferred when a very great reduction of
speed is necessary.
In Figs. 3 and 4 and Figs. 5 and 6 of the accompanying drawings, are illustrated
two different forms of the arrangement of gearing in which my invention consists
as employed instead of the arrangements of worm and worm wheel gearing
hitherto employed in the transmission of motion to the shafts by which motion is,
imparted to the revolving flats of carding-engines.
In Figs. 3 and 4 and Figs. 5 and 6, I have as far as possible applied to the
wheels and other parts employed the same letters of reference as are applied to
corresponding parts in the diagram Fig. 2 above described, so that it is unnecessary
for me to explain the operation of such parts after describing the manner in which
they are constructed and arranged.
In the arrangement of my invention illustrated in Figs. 3 and 4 in which Fig. 3
is a side view with certain parts omitted and Fig. 4 is a section taken on the plane
indicated by the line (AA) of Fig. 3, the wheels (i) (j) (9) (h) are arranged on the
two sides of the part (m) which is formed as a pulley. The wheel (i) which is
stationary is secured to the bearing (o) which is one of the bearings in which
is mounted the shaft (p) on which are mounted the toothed or notched blocks
by means of which motion is imparted to the revolving flats of the revolving flat
carding engine. The wheel (j) is mounted fast on the shaft (p) and the
wheels (g) () are mounted fast upon the stud (k) which is formed with a collar (k¹)
fitting and capable of revolving in a hole or bearing formed in the wheel (m)
which receives rotary motion from any suitable part of the carding-engine. The
whole arrangement of gearing is enclosed in the cast iron casings (9) (r) which are
mounted fast upon the shaft (p) and the wheel (i) respectively.
In the arrangement of my invention illustrated in Figs. 5 and 6 in which Fig. 5
is a side view and Fig. 6 a section taken on the plane indicated by the line (BB)
of Fig. 5 and in which as far as possible the parts bear the same letters of reference
as are applied to corresponding parts in Figs. 3 and 4 all the wheels (i) (j) (g) (h)
are arranged on one side of the pulley (m), and (s) is a weight by means of which
the whole arrangement is balanced.
In order that the arrangement of gearing in which my invention consists may
work smoothly it is important that as will be obvious to persons conversant with
toothed gearing the pitches of the several wheels employed shall be such that those
wheels which are in gear with one another may work properly together, that is to

page_text: say that the wheels (1) and (9) shall be of the same pitch as each other while the
wheels (j) and (h) are of the same pitch as each other, though not necessarily of
the same pitch as the wheels (i) and (g).
It is obvious that in cases in which it may be desirable a carrier wheel or carrier
wheels may be placed between the toothed wheel (i) and the toothed wheel (g) or
between the toothed wheel (j) and the toothed wheel (h).
The arrangement of gearing in which may invention consists is simpler, more
convenient, more efficient and less liable to wear than the arrangements of gearing
hitherto employed for the purpose of transmitting motion to the flats of revolving
flat carding engines and the arrangement of gearing in which my invention consists
enables the necessary slow motion to be imparted to the shaft driving the flats of a
revolving flat carding engine with much less loss of power and wear and tear than
is involved in the methods hitherto followed in imparting motion to the revolving
flats of revolving flat carding engines.
66
The application of the arrangement of gearing in which my invention consists to
driving the feed rollers of a ** scutcher or opener" will be fully understood
without further description when it is explained that in the application of such
-arrangement of gearing for this purpose, the wheels (j) illustrated in Figs. 3 and 4
and Figs. 5 and 6 would be mounted upon the axle of or caused to impart motion
to the feed roller or one of the feed rollers of such scutcher or opener.
The arrangements of gearing in which my invention consists are more efficient,
more convenient less liable to wear and tear and involve less loss of power than the
arrangements of apparatus hitherto employed in imparting motion to the feed
rollers of scutchers or openers.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. For use in imparting a slow motion to the revolving flats of a revolving flat
carding engine the combination of parts illustrated in Figs. 3 and 4 of the
accompanying drawings, arranged, employed-and-operating-for-the-purpose_and_
substantially in the manner herein before described.
2. For use in imparting a slow motion to the revolving flats of a revolving flat
carding engine the combination of parts illustrated in Figs. 5 and 6 of the
accompanying drawings arranged, employed and operating for the purpose
herein before described.
3. For use in imparting a slow motion to the revolving flats of revolving flat
carding engines, an arrangement of gearing consisting of a stationary toothed
wheel (i) a toothed wheel (j) fastened to the shaft which is to be driven at a slow
-speed and two toothed wheels (g) (h) having different numbers of teeth but firmly
secured together carried by a pulley (m) and gearing with and revolving around
the said toothed wheels (1) (j) for the purpose and substantially in the manner
.hereinbefore described.
4. For use in imparting-a-slow motion-to-the-revolving flats of a revolving flat
carding engine an arrangement of gearing which is provided with wheels (t) (j)
(g) (h) arranged and employed in the manner above described and so proportioned
one to another that the product of the numbers of teeth in the "driving" wheels is
greater or smaller by one than the product of the "driven" wheels as indicated by
ih (n + 1) (n − 1) used in a manner similar to those hereinbefore
the formula
employed.
93
=
nn
5. For use in imparting motion to the feed roller or feed rollers of a scutcher or
opener the combination of parts illustrated in Figs. 3 and 4 of the accompanying
drawings arranged, employed and operating for the purpose and substantially in the
manner herein before described.
6. For use in imparting motion to the feed roller or feed rollers of a scutcher or

page_text: opener the combination of parts illustrated in Figs. 5 and 6 of the accompanying
drawings, arranged, employed and operating for the purpose hereinbefore
described.
7. For use in imparting motion to the feed roller or feed rollers of a scutcher or
opener an arrangement of gearing consisting of a stationary toothed wheel (i),.
a toothed wheel (1) fastened to the shaft which is to be driven at a slow speed and
two toothed wheels (g) (h) having different numbers of teeth but firmly secured
together carried by a pulley (m) and gearing with and revolving around the said
toothed wheels (i) () for the purpose and substantially in the manner hereinbefore-
described.
8. For use in imparting motion to the feed roller or feed rollers of a scutcher or
opener an arrangement of gearing which is provided with wheels (i) (j) (9) (h)
arranged and employed in the manner above described and so proportioned one to.
another that the product of the numbers of teeth in the driving wheels is greater or
smaller by one than the product of the numbers of teeth in the "driven wheels" as
ih (n + 1) (n − 1) used in a manner similar to those
indicated by the formula
01
nn