Improvements in Cooling the Surfaces of the Cylinders of Explosively Driven Engines by Means of Air.
Year: 1896

page_text: Date of Application, 15th May, 1008
Complete Specification Left, 15th Feb., 1897-Accepted, 3rd Apr., 1897
Complete Specification Left, 15th Feb., 1897-Accepted, 3rd Apr., 1897
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Cooling the Surfaces of the Cylinders of
Explosively Driven Engines by Means of Air.
I. FREDERICK RICHARD SIMMS of 12 Norfolk Street, London, in the County
of Middlesex, Consulting Engineer do hereby declare the nature of this invention
to be as follows:-
It being necessary to cool the combustion cylinders of petroleum, gas, and
vapour engines when the petroleum, gas, or vapour is fired within the cylinder, the
cylinder may be kept cool, in the case of engines driving motor-cars, by casting or
fixing to the outside of the cylinders ribs or projections. As however the ribs
employed hitherto only suffice for the cooling of the explosion chambers of very
small power the ribs or projections, or both, are made so as to project radially
outside the cylinder, and are made larger and larger in diameter as they approach
to the back end of the cylinder, so that the outline will resemble that of a frustum
of a cone. The ribs may form helixes around the cylinders. The ribs.or
projections are curved so that their peripheries are turned towards the front of the
cylinders, and holes or slots are made in these ribs, or projections, which holes or
slots are preferably to be arranged so that they hit and miss one another; and when
projections only are used and not continuous ribs on the outside of the cylinders,
these projections are to be preferably arranged also to hit and miss when viewed
from either end of the cylinder. The holes or slots are for the purpose of
increasing the surface exposed to the air by allowing the air or draft to pass
through, and they are arranged and shaped as stated, to cause the air that will
impinge upon the surfaces of the ribs or projections to be forced into more intimate
contact with the metal of the projections or the ribs and with the body of the
cylinder.
The ribs or projections may be cast upon the cylinder, or be made of copper or
other good heat-conducting metal of suitable character; and they may be soldered
to the cylinder.
The projections may take the form of thin rods or wires projecting from the sides
of the cylinders at right angles, in a manner similar to that of the hairs of a brush
or broom, and they are curved, and increased in depth in the same manner that the
ribs or projections previously mentioned are; or these thin wires may be fixed on
the outer rim of the projections described.
In lieu of curving the ribs or projections so as to present concave surfaces
towards the front of the cylinders that it is desirable to cool, they may be inclined
forward, and this will produce a similar effect.
Should the natural current of air not suffice the air may be forced on to the ribs
or projections of the explosion cylinders and the cylinders of motor-cars by the
forward motion of the car, or by an air propeller which may be worked off the
driving shaft of the engine: the air from the propeller is directed on to the cylinder
and ribs or projections.
The air propeller may also be worked by means of a turbine driven by the
exhaust gases from the engine.
The explosion cylinder and ribs or projections may also be cooled by fan blades
attached to the engine fly-wheel.
Dated this 15th day of May 1896
E. H. G. BREWSTER,
Agent for Applicant.

page_text: Improvements in Cooling the Surfaces of the Cylinders of
Explosively Driven Engines by Means of Air.
I, FREDERICK RICHARD SIMMS, of Amberley House, 12, Norfolk Street, Strand,
in the County of London, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement:-
This invention relates to improvements in cooling the surfaces of the cylinders of
explosively driven engines by means of air.
It is necessary, as is well known, to cool the cylinders of explosion engines as
they become unduly heated during the operation of the engine. This has been
heretofore usually effected by means of water jackets surrounding the said cylinders
the employment of such water jackets, however, possessing many disadvantages
which it is the object of this invention to obviate.
In carrying out the invention I provide the surface of the cylinder with a series
of radially projecting ribs, the said ribs being arranged either as concentric rings or
as a spiral or as a series of projections arranged in rings or in a spiral upon the said
surface.
I arrange the ribs to increase in depth from the front to the rear end of the
cylinder or from the rear to the front end according to the direction in which the
currents of air flows that is to say the increase takes place in the direction of
the air current, and I incline or curve them towards the end from which the
current arises. In the case of the continuous rings or the continuous spiral
projections I form holes in the same to allow a current of air to pass from one end
to the other of the cylinder as hereinafter described.
In lieu of, or in conjunction with, the projecting ribs around the cylinder of the
motor I may employ one or more series of projecting rods the said rods being
designed, similarly to the ribs, to offer increased surface for the radiation of the
heat of the cylinder. The rods are preferably inclined towards the end of the
cylinder from which the current of air passes similarly to the ribs or projections.
The necessary current of air may be obtained by the forward motion of the
motor when it is attached to a car or the like but in the case of stationary motors
I advantageously employ a fan or air propeller which may be in the form of a
spirally wound blade around the cylinder or of a series of blades arranged in any
suitable manner. This latter arrangement may also be applied to motors attached
to cars or the like when considered necessary.
To enable my invention to be fully understood I will describe the same by
reference to the accompanying drawings, in which
Figure 1 is a sectional elevation of a motor having my improvements applied
thereto :
Figure 2 is a sectional plan of the same:
Figure 3 is an elevation of a cylinder having annular ribs provided with holes
according to my invention :
Figure 4 is an end view of the same:
Figures 5 and 6 are views similar to Figures 3 and 4 respectively but shewing
the cylinder provided with projections arranged as broken rings in lieu of the
continuous rings:
Figures 7 and 8 are views similar to Figures 3 and 4 respectively but shewing the
annular projections inclined towards the front end of the cylinder and provided
with projecting rods:
Figure 9 is a sectional elevation of a cylinder having my improvements applied
thereto and fitted with a spiral air propeller or fan:

page_text: Figure 10 is an end elevation of the same: and,
Figures 11 and 12 are views similar to Figures 9 and 10 respectively of a
cylinder provided with a modified form of fan or air propeller.
Similar letters of reference indicate the same or corresponding parts in the
several figures.
a, a are the cylinders of the motor which may be of any suitable construction,
and b, b are the ribs or projections upon the outer surface of the said cylinder or
cylinders a, the said projections increasing in depth in the direction in which the
air current passes as clearly shewn in all the figures.
In Figures 1 and 2 the projections are in the form of continuous rings around
the cylinder arranged vertically to the surface of the same.
In Figures 3 and 4 the ribs b, bare also formed as rings but are curved so that
their peripheries point towards the end of the cylinder from which the air current
passes as shewn at 6', b. The ribs are provided with holes b', to assist the
circulation of air along the surface of the cylinder the said holes being as clearly
shewn in the figures, arranged to "hit and miss," that is to say, so that the holes of
each annular projection are opposite the solid portions of the projections on either
side of it. By this arrangement the air current is caused to come into contact with
the whole of the surface of the ribs.
In the arrangement shewn in Figures 5 and 6 the ribs b, b take the form of
projections forming broken annular ribs arranged so that the projections of each
annular rib are each opposite a space in each of the two adjacent ribs as clearly
shewn.
In Figures 7 and 8 I have shewn a cylinder provided with inclined annular
ribs b, 6 having holes 62, 62 arranged as above described and also provided with
outwardly projecting rods c, c the said rods being as above described designed to
further increase the surface of radiation.
Figures 9 and 10 shew a cylinder a having ribs formed according to my
invention in conjunction with a fan or air propeller. The fan shewn in these
figures consists of an outer casing d designed to be rotated upon the cylinder a
upon which it rests, as shewn, through the medium of the pulley d' and also of an
internal spiral blade e by means of which a current of air is set up inside the
casing d in the direction of the arrows, shewn in Figure 9, when the fau rotates in
the direction indicated by the arrow shewn in Figure 10. The casing dis
perforated as shewn to further assist in the production of the necessary air
current.
In Figures 11 and 12 I have illustrated a cylinder provided with ribs according
to my invention in combination with a slightly modified form of air propeller or
fan. In this case the spiral blade e is replaced by a series of blades e, e placed at
one end of the casing d. The motor shewn in Figures 1 and is also shewn
provided with blades e, e at one end of each of its cylinders and in some cases
I furnish the fly wheel of the engine with blades. The blade or blades may extend
along the whole length of the cylinder or may surround only a portion of the
same.
In all cases the fan is driven from the driving shaft of the engine or from a
turbine operated by the exhaust gases from the cylinder.
With the above described arrangements it will be obvious that the heat
communicated to the cylinder walls by the successive explosions of the motive gas
or oil is rapidly conveyed away by the current of air which has a large surface
exposed to it from which it can remove the heat of the cylinder the said air
current being obstructed in its path by reason of the arrangement of the holes
in the annular ribs or of the projectious forming the said ribs as herein before
described.
The ribs or projections can be cast on the cylinder or they may be formed of a
metal which is a good conductor of heat, preferably copper, in which case they are
soldered or otherwise suitably fixed upon the cylinder.

page_text: Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is :-
1. The combination with the cylinders of explosion engines or motors of a
radiating rib or radiating ribs the depth of which progressively increases or
increase from the end of the said cylinder, from which the air current passes and
which preferably inclines or incline towards the said end, substantially as, and for
the purpose, herein before described.
2. In explosion engine cylinders having ribs arranged as described in the
preceding claiming clause, forming the said ribs as projections arranged to "hit
and miss" or providing the said rihs with a series of holes similarly arranged,
substantially as, and for the purpose, hereinbefore described.
3. The combination with the cylinders of explosion engines or motors of rods
for increasing the radiating surface, substantially as, and for the purpose, herein-
before described.
4. The employment in combination with the cylinder of an explosion engine or
motor of a fan or air propeller, substantially as, and for the purpose, herein before
described.
5. The improvements in and connected with the cylinders of explosion engines
or motors hereinbefore described and illustrated in Figures 1 and 2; 3 and 4;
5 and 6; 7 and 8; 9 and 10 and 11 and 12 respectively of the accompanying
drawings.
De L
1007
G. F. REDFERN & Co.,
4, South Street, Finsbury, London, Agents for the Applicant.