IMPROVEMENTS IN MEANS OR APPARATUS * EMPLOYED IN WEAVING
Year: 1863

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James Broadley, of Saltaire, near Bradford, in
the County of York, Overlooker to Messrs. Titus Salt, Sons & Co., of
Saltaire, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MEANS OR APPARATUS
* EMPLOYED IN WEAVING."
Sealed the 5th February 1864, and dated the 18th August 1868.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James Broadley at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 18th
August 1868.
I, JAMES BROADLEY, of Saltaire, near Bradford, in the County of
York, Overlooker to Messrs. Titus Salt, Sons & Co., of Saltaire, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MEANS
OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED IN WEAVING," to be as follows:-
The improvements relate first to the picking apparatus. The picker in
place of being formed to slide on a rod or spindle, called the picker spindle,
has projections on each side of it adapted to slide between bars or guides
carried by the parts of the batten or shuttle box, and serving to guide the
picker in its motion in place of the picker spindle. At the ends of these
guides, and next the fabric, they are provided with a leather or other suitable"
pad to check the momentum of the picker after it has thrown the shuttle.
The picker strap embraces the open part of the picker. By these means the
greasing of the fabric, being produced. by the oil from the picker spindle, is
avoided, and a firmer and more uniform pick is obtained. In place of pro-
jections to the sides of the picker the picker may be formed with grooves to
receive projecting guides. The picker may also have trucks or bowls. Also

page_text: I form each picker in two parts one part being formed of metal or other
suitable material, and capable of sliding on a bar or so as to be otherwise
guided in the batten below the shuttle race, and it thence rises up through
the other part of the picker which strikes the shuttle in order to receive the
picker strap. The part which strikes the shuttle may be formed of sizing or
other suitable material, and may readily be replaced as required without
removing the other parts.
Secondly, the improvements relate to a method of giving motion to revolving
shuttle boxes. Upon a spindle which by suitable gear is capable of giving
rotary motion to the series of boxes in either direction is affixed a wheel with
ratchets on its opposite faces. The teeth of these ratchets are capable of
being acted upon by catches selected by jacquard or pattern surface to cause
the series of boxes to move in either direction when required.
Thirdly, the improvements relate to the case of two or more breadths of
fabric being woven side by side together in a loom at the same time, and
separated by cutting up across the weft threads, and they have reference to
means by which the adjoining edges or selvages of such breadths of fabric are
formed.
According to one arrangement in place of the threads to form each selvage
continuously twisting upon each other, and upon the weft threads in one s
direction they are caused to twist alternately in opposite directions. For this
purpose each of a pair of selvage threads passes through an eye carried by a
disc, one of such eyes being near one edge of the disc, and the other near the
opposite edge, and these discs have pinions formed on or affixed to them, the
teeth of which are taken into by the teeth of a rack on a rod, the lower end of
which is by pin joint connected to one end of a lever operated by a cam.
Also to save space between adjoining breadths of fabric, I form discs with
eyes to conduct selvage threads of thin sheet metal placed near to each other
upon a hollow spindle or boss, upon the end of which is also affixed a pinion,
to which the requisite motion is given in any suitable manner, or the motion
may be given by a strap or band.
Also this part of the improvements relates to producing a fastor' selvago
between adjoining breadths. For this purpose in addition to the ordinary
selvage threads I operate upon an adjoining warp thread by passing such
adjoining warp thread through an eye in a blade or finger, by which such
adjoining warp thread may be operated to cross on alternate sides of the
selvage threads..
Also the improvements relate to obtaining the selvage threads by one
thread being fed from a bobbin aided by a finger or guide whilst the other of

page_text: such selvage threads is supplied, from the ordinary warp beam, and thence
passes through the centre of the bobbin referred to.
Fourthly, the improvements relate to the case of what are called loose
reeds being employed, and have for their object to render them particularly
applicable when weaving various strengths of goods. For this purpose the
rod or plate, which acts to hold the lower edge of the reed has studs, which
pass through the batten, and these studs have nicks or catches formed on
them to receive a lever or other suitable catch, by which they may hold the
reed firmly when required, and then allow of its being released when by a
shuttle stopping in the shed or otherwise it may be necessary for the reed to
be loose.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said James Broadley in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
18th February 1864.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JAMES
BROADLEY, of Saltaire, near Bradford, in the County of York, Overlooker
to Messrs. Titus Salt, Sons & Co., of Saltaire, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Eighteenth day of August, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-three, in the twenty-seventh year
of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant
unto me, the said James Broadley, Her special licence that I, the said-
James Broadley, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others
as I, the said James Broadley, my executors, administrators, and assigns,
should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all
times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully
might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MEANS OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED IN WEAVING," upon the
condition (amongst others) that I, the said James Broadley, my executors or
administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their
hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the
said. Invention, and in what, manner the same was to be performed, and
cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said James Broadley, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement thereof, that is to say:
The improvements in means or apparatus employed in weaving relate, first,
to picking apparatus.
Secondly, the improvements relate to a method of giving motion to revolving
shuttle boxes.
.
Thirdly, the improvements relate. to means of securing or forming the
adjoining edges or selvages of breadths of fabric which are woven together 1
side by side in the loom, and which are separated by cutting up or across the
weft threads between such adjoining breadths.
Fourthly, the improvements relate to when what are called loose reeds are
employed, and they have for their object to render loose reeds particularly
applicable to when weaving various strengths of goods.
But that the Invention may be better understood, I will proceed, aided by
the accompanying Drawings, more fully to describe the same.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Figure 1 shows a side view, Figure 2, an end view, and Figure 8, a
transverse section of a picker arranged according to the first part of the s
improvements; Figure 4 shows a front view of part of one end of a batten
with the shuttle box arranged to receive a picker, such as indicated by
Figures 1, 2, and 3; Figure 5 shows an end view, and Figure 6, a transverse
section of Figure 4.
According to the general practice pickers are guided in their motions in
the shuttle boxes for picking by means of a rod called the picker rod or
spindle placed over the shuttle space, and the picker is formed with a hole
through it to enable it to slide on this rod or spindle, an arrangement which
is objectionable from the oil used to lubricate such rod being often spirted on
to the fabric being produced, and the object of this part of the Invention is to
avoid the necessity for such picker rod, or for its being placed above the
shuttle.
In the arrangement shown by these Figures the picker is formed with
projections a, a, on each side of it, which when the picker is applied to the
box, are received between the bars or guides b, c, d, and e to guide it in its
to-and-fro motion for "picking." The bars .or rails d'and e are capable of
adjustment by means of set screws d' and e' respectively. At the end of these
guides next the fabric there is a pad of leather or other suitable material f in

page_text: position to act upon the picking strap, and check the momentum of the picker
after it has thrown a shuttle. The picker strap embraces the part a³ of the
picker through the open part a³ thereof. By these means the spirting of oil
from the picker spindle, and consequent greasing of the fabric being woven, is
prevented, whilst a firmer and more uniform pick is obtained.
Figure 7 shows a side view, and Figure 8 an end view of a picker accord-
ing to this part of the improvements, in which the desired projections.arė
formed by the application of trucks or bowls a³, a³, which in the motion of the
picker revolve on their axes a¹.
- :
Figure 9 shews a side view, and Figure 10 an end view of another modi-
fication of picker' under this head of the Invention. In the sides of this
picker are formed grooves or recesses 9, 9, to receive ribs in the sides of the
shuttle box, by which such pickers may be guided therein in their motion. I
have not thought it necessary to shew a section of a shuttle box to receive
this picker in order to indicate the position of the ribs for the purpose, as the
same will readily be understood.
Figure 11 shows a side view, and Figure 12, an end view of another modi-
fication of picker arranged according to this head of the improvements; this
picker is formed in two parts h and i. Figures 13 and 14 show the parts
separately. The part h is, by preference, formed of metal, though it may be
formed of other suitable material, and at the lower part thereof at h¹, below
the shuttle race, it embraces a rod j, shown by the separate sectional view of
a box, Figure 15, and so as to slide on and be guided by that rod ; in its
to-and-fro motion for picking. The rod j is fixed to the shuttle box below
the shuttle race. The lower portion h' of this part h, in place of being formed
to embrace a guide rod j, may be otherwise formed and guided. The part h
rises through the picker i, which is formed with a hole i through it to
receive the part h, and at its upper end this part h has an opening h³ to receive
the picker strap. The part i, which is the part of the picker' which strikes
the shuttle, is formed of sizing or other suitable material with the hole
through it to receive the part h, by which arrangement as the part i becomes
worn, or it is otherwise necessary to remove or replace it, the removal and
replacing of that part may be readily effected by simply disconnecting the
picker strap from the part h³, without otherwise disturbing. the part h.
I will now describe the second part of my improvements, which is shown
applied at Figure 16, where k, k, represents in outline the end framing of a
loom; the crank shaft, and m the tappet shaft; 'n, one of the swords of the
lathe, and the series of revolving shuttle boxes; this series of boxes o is
affixed in the ordinary way to a hollow. shaft which revolves on the fixed axis

page_text: or stud o¹, as is well understood. To the hollow shaft carrying the series o
boxes o is affixed a bevilled pinion o³, the teeth of which are taken into by
the teeth of a bevilled pinion os affixed on the shaft or axis o, which is sup-
ported so as to revolve freely in bearings o', o³, carried by the "going part
or batten, and at its lower part this axis o' has also applied to it the wheel o
with ratchet teeth o', 0, formed on its opposite faces. The teeth o' are
capable of being acted upon by the catch o° when allowed to fall therein, and
the teeth o are capable of being-acted on by the catch o when that catch is
raised into position for the purpose; and the catch for the time being brought
into position to act upon the ratchet teeth of the wheel o" will, when actuated,
cause that ratchet wheel to be moved a distance equal to one tooth, and
corresponding with the distance between one box and the next of the series.
The catches o, o, may also be held so that neither of them can act upon the
teeth of the wheel of in their to-and-fro motion. The catches 0, 0, are
affixed to the cross bar o" with capability of adjustment therein, and the cross
bar o is formed on the plate os, which is also formed with a slot to embrace
the tappet shaft m, and this plate os has studs o¹³, os, carrying trucks or
bowls o which embrace the periphery of the cam or tappet o affixed on the
tappet shaft m, by which in the rotation of that tappet shaft a to-and-fro
motion will be imparted to the catches 0 and o; p is a jacquard cylinder to
which an up-and-down motion is given in any suitable manuer in order to
raise the lever q when desired by the plain surface of cards passing over the
cylinder acting on one of the pins or pegs 7' in the lever q. This lever 9
turns at one end upon a fixed axis of motion g³, and at the other end it is by
jin joint q³ connected to the upper end of the rod r, the lower end of which
passes through an eye o¹ formed on one end of the cross bar o", and this end
of the rod is tapped to receive nuts r³, r², by which the bar o" and
catches 0, 0, carried thereby may be lifted, and by which the extent of
lifting at any time may be adjusted. There are two pins q' in the lever g of
different lengths. When the longer of these pins q' rests on the surface of a
card carried round by the cylinder p, then the catch oo will be raised into
position to act on the ratchet teeth as formed on the under side of the wheel oº,
but when that longer pin comes opposite a perforation in a card surface
brought up by the cylinder p, and the shorter of those pins q' rests on such
card surface, the two catches will be held so as to miss both sets of teeth
formed on the wheel o; and when in the movement of the jacquard cylinder p
perforations in the card surface carried thereby are brought under both pins q¹
then the catch o' will be in position to act on the ratchet teeth o' formed on
the upper surface of the wheel o. In place of a jacquard cylinder and cards

page_text: other pattern surfaces may be employed. The wheel o is connected to the
shaft o* by means of the spiral spring o" to admit of a yielding of the parts,
and to avoid fracture thereof in the event of a shuttle striking or other
stoppage taking place. In place of the to-and-fro movement to the catches
0º, 010, being obtained by a tappet or cam on the tappet shaft, such movement
may be obtained by a cam or tappet applied on the crank or other suitable
shaft, and the catches will then act on the teeth of a wheel or wheels applied
on the axis of the series of boxes.
•
I will now proceed to describe the third part of my Invention, which relates
to cases in which two or more breadths of fabric are woven together at the same
time side by side in a loom, and are separated by cutting up between theni
across the weft threads; and the object of this part of the improvements is by
peculiar means to facilitate the production of secure selvages to such separate
breadths.
Figure 17 shows a side view, and Figure 18 a plan view, of an arrange-
ment of parts by which in place of the threads forming the adjoining selvage
of each of such adjoining fabrics continuously twisting in the same direction
upon each other, and upon the weft threads, as stated in the Specification of
Letters Patent granted to Frederick William Mowbray, dated the 23rd of June
1855, No. 1442, they are caused to twist in opposite directions. 8, 8, are
discs, each of which is formed with a pair of studs s³, &, and each of such
studs is pierced with an eye, through which passes one of a pair of selvage
threads. The two discs 8, s, are supported so as to be capable of revolving in
the stationary frame t, which is affixed to a projection from the main framing
of the loom; and these discs 8, 8, are connected together by the boss s³, which
is formed with teeth, which are taken into by the teeth u' of the rod u, in
order that rotary or partial rotary motion may be given to the pair of discs in
one direction and then in the other.
The Diagram, Figure 19, shows on a smaller scale means I employ for
giving simultaneous motion to a pair of discs 8, s, in either direction. The
lower end of the rod u is by pin joint u³ connected to the outer end of the
lever v, which turns at the other end upon the fixed stud v³, and the lever v
also carries a truck or bowl v³, which is acted upon by a cam or tappet w.
Supposing the truck or bowl of the lever v to be resting on the lowest part.
(1) of the tappet or cam w, then on the next partial rotation of the cam or
tappet w for the truck or bowl v³ to rise on to the part (2) of that cam or
tappet, the discs s, s, will be caused to make a half rotation, by which the
thread (4) carried thereby will be raised from being in a line with the lower
half of the shed to be in a line with the upper half of the shed, as indicated

page_text: by the Drawings, and the thread (5) from being on a line with the upper half
of the shed will be on a line with the lower half of the shed; then on the
next partial rotation of the cam or tappet w, so as to bring the bowl of the
lever von to the highest part (3) of the cam or tappet w, the discs s, s, will
be caused to make another half revolution, and the thread (4) carried thereby
will be brought round again into a line with the lower part of the.shed, and the
thread (5) will be again in a line with the top part of the shed. On a further
partial rotation of the cam or tappet w to bring the truck or bowl v again on
the lowest part (1) of the cam or tappet w, the discs will be caused to make
an entire rotation back again. And supposing the sheds of the fabric to have
been opened with each opening of these selvage threads, and weft to have
been thrown across at each of such openings, twist would be formed upon two
successive sets of such weft threads in one direction, and then a double twist
will in the next throwing in of weft be formed upon them in the opposite
direction, and so on, but the order and times of motion of these plates or discs
in opposite directions may be varied so long as the ultimate number of turns
or partial turns of the discs s in one direction corresponds with those in the
opposite direction. Each of the studs & passes into a recess formed for it in
the plate s, so as to prevent the thread passing through one of them from
getting between the inner surface of the other stud and the plate s. These
studs are also formed with necks, by which they turn in holes formed for thein
in the plates s, s, and they are secured therein by pins, as shown more clearly
by the sectional view of part of one of the plates s, Figure 20. The threads
(4) and (5) may be supplied from bobbins or beams.
Figure 21 shows a plan view, and Figure 22 a side view, of a modification
of this part of the improvements adapted for causing the pair of selvage
threads to be continuously twisting on the weft threads in the same direction,
or partly in one and then in the opposite direction, and by which space may
be saved between the adjoining breadths.
A, B, are the discs for operating the threads of adjoining selvages, and they
are carried by separate axes or shafts. The disc A acts upon the threads of
one selvage, and the disc B on the threads of the adjoining selvage. The
disc A is formed on or affixed to one end of the hollow shaft or axis A¹, upon
the other end of which is affixed the pinion A' and the bobbins A³, A³, the
threads from which pass first through eyes (4), thence through holes (5), (5),
in the disc, and through eyes in the studs (6), (6), or the threads may simply
pass through holes in the disc A. The hollow shaft A¹ is capable of revolving
freely on a fixed shaft or stud (7) carried at one end by the main framing,
and the length of the hollow shaft or axis A' will depend on the width of

page_text: fabrics being produced. The other disc B is similarly supported and supplied,
and is actuated to correspond with the disc A. The teeth of the pinions on the
hollow axes of the discs A and B may be taken into by the teeth of other pinions
or by the teeth of racks, according to whether a continuous motion. in the same
direction or motions in opposite directions are desired to them, and in place of
toothed gear the desired motions may be obtained by a-strap or band.
Figure 28 shows the side view of an adaptation under this head of the
Invention, by which one of the selvage threads for tying in the weft is fed by
a bobbin aided by a finger to lay its thread on to another selvage -thread
acting with it, and which may be supplied from a beam or from a bobbin.
.a.is the bobbin carrying one of the selvage threads (1). This bobbin is
capable of revolving on the hollow spindle 6 affixed to the pinion 6', which
with the hollow spindle or axis b is capable of revolving on a fixed stud or
shaft, also formed hollow and carried by the main framing. The thread (1)
from the bobbin passes through an eye 62 affixed to the pinion 6'. The other
selvage thread (2) acting with the thread (1). for tying in the weft threads of
one breadth is supplied from a bobbin or beam, and it thence passes through
the hollow shaft upon which the-pinion 6' turns, and consequently through the
centre of the bobbin thereon. Two pairs of threads (1) and (2) used to tie
in the weft threads of adjoining selvages according, to this modification, are
conducted within the metallic loop c, which is shown separately at Figure 25,
and it is divided longitudinally into two parts by the central wire-c¹, so that
there may be a thread (1) and a thread (2) on each side of the wire c¹. The
sides of this loop are also formed with hooks c³, c³. The guides or eyes.6³ are
acted upon so that when at a state of rest the threads (1) of adjoining
selvages guided thereby may be both lying against the wire c', and the threads
(2), (2), are held so as to be lying against the outer sides of the loops, and
the shed of these threads is formed by the threads (2), (2), being taken down
by coming under the hooks c³, as indicated by the dotted lines in Figure-23.
The loops c may be moved up and down in a vertical direction, and to the
extent desired for depressing the threads (2), (2), by tappets.and levers acting
on the straps c³, c³, or by other suitable means.
Figure 24 shows another view of one of the bobbins a and parts connected
with it. After each taking down of a thread (2) and the passage of weft
thread between the threads (1) and (2), the thread (1) is caused to make
one, or it may be more than one, turn round the thread (2) to secure the
weft threads.
- Another part of the Invention. has for its object to effect a fast tying-in of
the weft threads at the adjoining selvages of breadths of fabric which are

page_text: woven side by side and separated by cutting across such weft, and this object
according to this part of the improvements is obtained by causing one thread
of each of such adjoining selvages to cross to-and-fro, and tie in the weft
threads on the opposite sides of other of such selvage threads acting with it.
An arrangement for operating, according to this part of the improvements,,is
shown by Figures 26, 27, 28, 29, and 30. One of the warp threads of each
adjoining selvage is conducted through the eye of a blade or slea j, and this
slca is held in a direction from end to end of the loom behind a series of
guides k, k, by means of cords or bands j, one of which is drawn upon by a
spring or weight with a tendency to draw it continually towards one end of
the loom, whilst the other cord or band j¹ is operated as desired by tappet or
other suitable motion to draw the slea j and the threads z, z, carried thereby
to a certain extent in the opposite direction. The warp threads y, y, with
which the threads z act to tie in the weft at the selvage, are conducted by
preference through eyes or guides k set in a lead ke affixed to one of the heald
shafts, so that in the movement up and down of such heald these warp threads
y, y, may be taken down to form a line with the bottom part of the shed, and
then be raised to a line with the upper part of the shed for a change of
position of the threads z. The lead in place of being affixed to a heald
shaft may be separately supported and operated. The lead k¹ also carries a
divider which serves to keep the two threads z, z, separate from each other
or to govern their movement in that direction.
Figures 29 and 30 show Diagrams of these threads %, z, of each selvage in
two different positions in relation to the threads y, y. And supposing in each
case the instruments / are in their highest position, and, as indicated by
Figure 29, the slea j has taken each of the threads to their position to the
extreme right, the instruments will now descend with the formation of a
shed in the warp, and weft will be thrown in between the threads y and z.
The instruments k will then rise again with a change of shed, and the instru-
ment will be moved horizontally in the opposite direction, as indicated by
Figure 30, carrying the threads z, z, to the opposite side of the threads y
carried by those instruments k, when the instruments k will again descend
with the opening of another shed, taking with them the threads
y, y, carried
thereby again into a line with the bottom of the shed, when weft will be
thrown in, aud in the change of shed the instruments k will again rise, and
the instrument will carry its threads z back, and so on alternately. The
number of warp threads thus acted upon for each selvage may be varied. By
thus operating the threads z to-and-fro across the threads y, a very secure
tying-in of the weft threads at the selvages, is obtained.

page_text: I will now describe the fourth part of the improvements which' is shown
applied by the sectional view of the parts of a loom, Figure 31, and by a front
view of part of a batten at Figure 32. C is the slea or reed, which, as is well
understood, is free to turn in the hand rail D, and is held in at the lower edge
for the beat-up by means of the rod or plate E; and according to this part of
my improvements there are studs F attached to this rod or plate E, which are
capable of sliding freely in holes provided for them in the batten or race G,
and at their front ends these studs are formed into necks or catches to receive
the opposite ends H¹ of a lever H, which is capable of turning upon a centre
of motion H³ carried by the batten. When the ends H¹ of the lever H are
thus under the catches to the studs F, the plate E will be held, keeping the
lower edge of the slea or reed close to the batten. But when those ends H¹.
are free from those catches, the reed if pressed back will be free to move.
One end of the lever H is formed with an arm H', which carries a truck or
bowl H, and this truck or bowl is received into the slot l' formed in the plate
I, carried by a stationary part of the loom. And this slot is so formed that it
acts on the bowl H to hold the lever H with its ends H' within the catches
to the studs F, and consequently securing the reed or slea firmly, except just
before the reed comes to the front for the beat-up, when the ends H¹ of the
lever Hare for an instant drawn from under the catches F, so that in the
event of a shuttle having stuck in the shed the reed will at that instant be
free to go back without injuring the fabric, but if the shuttle has been properly
thrown through the shed the ends H¹ of the lever II will be instantly brought
again under the catches F, and the reed will be firmly held at the time of the
beat-up.
Having thus described my improvements and means which I adopt in
carrying the same into effect, I would have it understood that I do not confine
myself to the precise details shown and described, so long as the peculiar
character of any part thereof be retained substantially as explained.
In witness whereof, I, the said James Broadley, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Sixteenth day of February, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-four.
Witness to J. Broadley's signature,
S. WILSON, Shipley.
JAMES BROADLEY. (L.S.)