A NEW OR IMPROVED METHOD OF TRANSFERRING HAIR, FUR, OR OTHER COVERING FROM THE SKINS OF ANIMALS TO ARTIFICIAL FABRICS, AND APPARATUS TO BE USED THEREIN
Year: 1879

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Joseph Randall Tussaud, of No. 107, Marylebone Road, in
the County of Middlesex, Artist, for the Invention of "A NEW OR IMPROVED
METHOD OF TRANSFERRING HAIR, FUR, OR OTHER COVERING FROM THE SKINS
OF ANIMALS TO ARTIFICIAL FABRICS, AND APPARATUS TO BE USED THEREIN."
Sealed the 19th December 1879, and dated the 20th June 1879.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Joseph Randall Tussand at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 20th June 1879.
JOSEPH RANDALL TUSSAUD, of No. 107, Marylebone Road, in the County of
Middlesex, Artist. "A NEW OR IMPROVED METHOD OF TRANSFERBING HAIR, FUR,
OR OTHER COVERING FROM THE SKINS OF ANIMALS TO ARTIFICIAL FABRICS, AND
APPARATUS TO BE USED THEREIN."
This Invention relates to a new or improved means or mode of transferring hair,
fur, or other covering by weaving from the skins of animals to any artificial woven
fabric, so that the hair, fur, or other covering may be (made use of) by the furrier
in his business, and the skin or pelt may be (made use of) by the currier or leather
manufacturer for the purposes of his trade.
The method and apparatus by which I carry the said Invention into operation is
as follows:-
.
I make use of a suitable loom, and I place a straight edge under the point of the
5 shoot, that is to say, under the line where the reed of the loom throws the weft,
over which straight edge is passed a feed cloth upon which the skin to be operated
upon is carried. This feed cloth is carried forward by rollers, and as it moves
forward it draws the skin with the hair, fur, or other covering upon it over the
straight edge, at which point is placed a circular brush driven in a direction so as to
raise the hair, fur, or other covering from the skin, and brush it through the warp
threads, and at that moment the shuttle carries the weft in front of the hair, fur, or
other covering so brushed into and through the warp, when the reed closes the weft
and so locks the hair, fur, or other covering in the fabric as it is being woven, and
thereby the hair, fur, or other covering is held in a similar position to that it had in
5 its original skin.
After the above interweaving of the hair, fur, or other covering with the fabric,
the hair, fur, or other covering and skin are separated, either by soaking in lime
water or by any other ordinary means of separating the hair or fur from the pelt
or skin.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Joseph Randall Tussaud in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
20th December 1879.
JOSEPII RANDALL TUSSAUD, of No. 107, Marylebone Road, in the County of
Middlesex, Artist. "A MODE OR METHOD OF TRANSFERRING HAIR, FUR, OR OTHER
COVERING FROM THE SKINS OF ANIMALS TO ARTIFICIAL FABRICS, AND APPARATUS
TO BE USED THEREIN."
This Invention relates to a means or mode of transferring hair, fur, feathers, or
any other such covering of animals so as to secure the said hair, fur, feathers, or
other covering of animals on to or into a woven fabric, keeping the position of the
said covering as held on the natural skin, so that the hair, fur, feathers, or other
covering of animals may be made use of for any purpose to which hair, fur, feathers,
or other covering is or may be applied, and the skin or pelt may also be made use
of as leather or for any other purpose to which it may be found suitable.
The method and apparatus by which I carry the said Invention into practical 1
operation is as follows:-I make use of a suitable loom, for which purpose I have
found an ordinary beat power loom suitable, and I make the following additions
and alterations in it :-I place under the point of the shoot, that is to say, under
the line where the roed of the loom throws the weft, a straight edge, over which is
passed a feed cloth upon which the skin to be operated upon is carried. This feed!
cloth is drawn forward by rollers, and as it moves forward it draws the skin with
the hair, fur, feathers, or other covering upon it over the straight edge, at and over
which point is placed a circular or other shaped brush carder, or any other such like
appliance suitable to the purpose of raising the hair, fur, feathers, or other covering,
driven in a direction so as to raise the said hair, fur, feathers, or other covering from
the skin and thrust it up through the warp threads, after which the shuttle carries
the weft in front of the hair, fur, feathers, or other covering so brushed into and
through the warp, whence the reed closes the weft, as also the harness reverses its
shed or opening, and so locks the hair, fur, feathers, or other covering in the fabric
as it is being woven, and thereby the hair, fur, feathers, or other covering is or are
held in a similar position to that it had in its original skin.
After the above interweaving of the hair, fur, feathers, or other covering with
the fabric, the hair, fur, feathers, or other covering and skin are separated from each
other either by soaking in lime water or by any other ordinary or mechanical
means which can be used for separating the hair, fur, feathers, or other covering :
from the pelt or skin.
The apparatus which I have found suitable for the above operation is represented
in the annexed Drawings, which I shall now proceed to describe.
Figure 1 is a front elevation of an ordinary double beat power loom, with the
additional machinery affixed thereto for the purpose of weaving the hair, fur, or
feathers, or such other coverings of animals into a woven fabric, as hereinbefore
mentioned.
Figure 2 is a view of the same loom from the back of the loom, this Drawing
being on a very much smaller scale than that of Figure 1. Figure 3 is a detached
view of the treadle or lever I, with the bowl K and tappet J, the use of which is to
depress the brush or carder. The scale of this Figure being about that of Figure 2
similar letters of reference indicate the same parts throughout the Figures of the
Drawings.
A is a frame or bracket bolted on to breast piece of the loom, to which is
attached a straightedge placed so as to meet and just escape the strike or beat of
the reed. The skin, in being worked, is drawn over this straightedge by the same
roller and jack, and at the same time as the fabric is taken away in the ordinary
working of a power loom. In front of the skin, and just below the straightedge A,
is placed a narrow strip of iron hooping or wood (a) to serve as a guide for the hair,

page_text: fur, feathers, or other covering. B is a carder or brush (either being used, and the
strength and substance of the same being altered according to the delicate or
stubborn nature of the hair, fur, feathers, or other covering being worked). This
carder or brush is lowered on to and raised from the straightedge A by the upright
cams H, H, in which the brush or carder is held and worked. As the reed retires
from throwing forward the weft or shoot, so this carder or brush B is lowered on to
the straightedge A, and having attached at both ends a small cranked spindle with
short levers P, P, with a strap connecting each to long lever arms D bolted to the
back of loom, these lever arms behind the loom (see Figure 2) are forced back by
two bowls 0, 0, acting on them from off the lower shaft, thus pulling the brush or
carder round in an upward direction, brushing the shoot or weft on to the surface
or grain of the skin on the straightedge A, and at the same time brushing or
thrusting the hair, fur, feathers, or other covering up through the warp. C is a
rocker with two lever outward arms G, G, in front to which are bolted in the form
of a hinge the two upright arms H, H, in which the carder or brush works, and one
back arm with a rod F attached to it connecting the rocker to the treadle I below.
This rocker O is worked up and down by means of the tappet J, the treadle I, and
bowl K (see Figure 3) from off the lower shaft, the rod connecting the treadle I to
the lever arm on the rocker C above. As this tappet J revolves with the lower
shaft, by its shape it rises up and lets lower the treadle I, and this treadle being
connected by rod F to the lever arm on the rocker C above, and the rocker to the
arms H, H, in which the carder or brush is carried, so the rise and fall of the latter
is obtained. D, D, are the two back lever arms (see Figure 2), which are connected
by two straps on to the small levers and cranked spindles P, P, on the carder or
brush B in front of the loom, and at the bottom of these lever arms are bolted two
tappets QQ, upon which the two bowls O, O, act with a downward pressure, driving
the arms in a backward direction, so giving the brushing motion to the carder or
brush B. E, E, are two cast iron uprights bolted on to the sides of the loom which
support the rocker C and its bearings on either side. F is the rod which connects
the back lever arm on the rocker C to treadle I below. G, G, are two projecting
lever arma bolted on to the rocker C, on to which are hinged, and by which are
actuated the carder or brush arms H, H. L is a cast iron crossbar bolted on to the
front of the loom, so as to carry the two projecting arms M, M, which serve as guides
for the carder arms H, H. These two guides M, M, are bolted on to front bar L in
which the carder or brush arms H, H, work up and down, having at their projecting
ends slots to fit the carder arms H, H. N is a feed cloth which works over the
straightedge A, and upon and by which the skin being worked is carried; this
feed cloth passes through jack rollers in the same way as the fabric made by the
machine.
0, 0, (see Figure 2) are two bowls fixed to and revolve with the lower shaft, and
are placed in a position to act upon the tappets Q. Q, on back lever arms D, D, so as
when working to force the said levers D, D, back. QQ, are two segmental or shoe
shaped cast iron tappets bolted on to bottom of back lever arms D, D, upon which
the bowls 0, 0, work or strike. All the other parts used in this machine are the
same as used generally in such power looms for the weaving of ordinary fabrics
throughout the country.
I will now proceed to describe the manner in which my mode or method of trans-
ferring the hair, fur, feathers, or other covering from the skins of animals is to be per-
formed:-I will take the skins in the grease or raw state, and I wash, cleanse, stretch,
and nail or spread out until the skin and its covering dry; I then sew or attach the
skins, single or in succession, to the feed cloth N on the loom, by which feed cloth
the skins are drawn into the loom and operated upon in the manner hereinbefore
described, so as that the hair, fur, feathers, or other covering are intimately inter-
woven with the fabric which is being formed in the loom.
Then the skin, and the hair, fur, feathers, or other covering so interwoven in the
fabric are to be separated either by being soaked in lime water, or soda and water,
or other suitable substance, so as to loosen the hair from the pelt or skin. The hair,

page_text: fur, feathers, or other covering are then pasted down to the fabric, and the pelt or
skin may then be torn assunder, when the hair, fur, feathers, or other covering will
remain in the fabric. The side of the fabric which the root of the hair, fur, feathers,
or other covering protrude are then covered with a compound or a solution of india
rubber or any other suitable adhesive substance, and after the said compound or
solution has become dry and hardened the hair, fur, feathers, or other covering may
be cleansed of the paste used before the separation of the pelt or skin, and then may
be dyed, dressed, and finished for use. The hair, fur, feathers, or other covering
may be separated from the pelt or skin by being stretched out in a frame, and a
suitable knife being passed between the skin and the fabric after the hair, fur,
feathers, or other covering have been pasted down.
Having thus described my said Invention, and the mode of carrying the same
into effect, I declare that what I claim as the Invention to be secured to me by the
herein before in part recited Letters Patent is, first, the mode or method hereinbefore
described of transferring hair, fur, feathers, or other covering from the skins of
animals to artificial fabrics; and, secondly, the apparatus for effecting the trans-
ference of hair, fur, feathers, or other covering from the skins of animals to artificial
fabrics herein before described and illustrated, as in the Drawings hereto annexed, or
any mere modification of the same apparatus.
In witness whereof, I, the said Joseph Randall Tussaud, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Twentieth day of December, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and seventy nine.
MYNA 130