IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT NAILS
Year: 1859

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Joseph Reynolds, of 21, Bull and Mouth Street,
City of London, Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT NAILS."-A communication from abroad by
Henry Coggshall, of Providence, Rhode Island, United States of America.
Sealed the 2nd December 1859, and dated the 18th October 1859.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Joseph Reynolds at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 18th
October 1859.
I, JOSEPH REYNOLDS, of 21, Bull and Mouth Street, City of London,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT NAILS," a communication from abroad
by Henry Coggshall, of Providence, Rhode Island, United States of America,
to be as follows:-
This Invention consists of certain improvements in relation to forming the
heads of the nails, particularly applicable to the machinery for the manufacture
of wrought nails the subject of a Patent granted to George Tomlinson
Bousfield, on the Fifteenth day of May, A.D. 1855, with which machinery, as
described, the heads of the nails cannot be made as large as is desirable, in

page_text: consequence of the blank or metal of which the head is formed, being supported
or confined only on two sides, is liable to cripple and make imperfect heads.
This improvement consists in making the heads of the nails as large as may
be required, and more perfect in form, by means of a case or mould enclosing
the end of the blank and heading punch on all four sides, so that as the punch
advances in the case to head the nail by upsetting the end of the blank, the
metal will be confined within the case, which is the size of the head when
finished.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Joseph Reynolds in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
30th March 1860.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOSEPH
REYNOLDS, of 21, Bull and Mouth Street, City of London, Engineer, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Eighteenth day of October, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-nine, in the
year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto
me, the said Joseph Reynolds, Her special licence that I, the said Joseph
Reynolds, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I,
the said Joseph Reynolds, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should
at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times
thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
" IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT NAILS," a communication
from abroad by Henry Cogshall, of Providence, Rhode Island, United States
of America, upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Joseph
Reynolds, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under
my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe
and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal
Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date
of the said Letters Patent.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Joseph Reynolds, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement, reference being had to the accompanying Drawings, in which Fig. 1
is a top view of the stationary cutter, griping die, heading punch, and top die ;
Fig. 2 is an end view, showing the stationary cutter, top die, griping die,
bottom die, movable cutter, and end of heading punch; Fig. 3 is a side view
showing the stationary cutter, griping die, bottom die, and portions of the
movable cutter and heading punch; Fig. 4 is a bottom view of the stationary
cutter; Fig. 5 is a side view, same as Fig. 3, with the griping die removed,
and the completed nail shown in position; Fig. 6 is an edge view of the
griping die. The same part is marked with the same letter of reference,
wherever it occurs.
A marks the stationary cutter; B, the bottom die; B' is the extended
portion of the bottom die; C is the griping die; D, the heading punch; E is
the movable cutter. a is the top die; b is the projection on the rear side of
the stationary cutter; c is the projection or shape of the under side of the
griping die, made to fit the face of the bottom die; d marks the nail.
The said Invention for improvements in the manufacture of wrought nails
has reference to the heading of horse-shoe nails, and is particularly applicable
to such machines as make nails from plates, by having cutters and dies
arranged and operated in a suitable manner to cut tapering pieces from the
plate, and gripe or press them to the required form. Heretofore the cutters,
dies, and discharge punch in such machines have been constructed and operated
in such a manner that the heads of horse-shoe nails could not be made as large
as is desirable, because the blank or metal of which the head is made, being
supported only on two sides, was liable to cripple and make imperfect nails,
notwithstanding the heads being made of a small size. Likewise the nails made
in such machines were discharged from the machine by a punch performing
the single function of discharging the nail.
. The object of this improvement is to make the heads as large as is required,
and more perfect in form by applying a case or mould enclosing the end of the
blank and heading punch on all four sides, so that as the punch advances in
the case to head the nail by upsetting the end of the blank, the metal will be
completely confined within the case, which should be the size of the finished
head. The heading punch is made of a suitable size and shape to fit the case.
As this improvement relates to such parts only as are connected with the
heading and discharging of the nail and may be applied to more than one

page_text: combination or arrangement of machinery, such combinations forming no part
of the Invention, I have not thought it necessary to describe a machine in full
for making nails, but have confined my Drawings and Specification to such
parts only as the improvements relate to, or such parts as are necessary to show
the improvement in a full and clear manner. In place of the discharge punch
heretofore used I employ a top die a, which is the same thickness as the head
of the nail when finished, and performs two functions, one to form the top of
the case, the other to discharge the nail when completed. On the frame of the
machine at the top of the top die a, or in any other suitable position, is placed
a stopper made adjustable for the purpose of being set to stop the top die, at
the proper place to form the top of the case or mould. The top die is acted
upon by any suitable motion of the machine, and caused to descend at the
proper time to discharge the nail, after which it is moved up by a spring against
the adjustable stopper, and at the proper place to form the top of the case or
mould. The under side of the case is formed by extending that portion of the
bottom die B, (where the head is formed,) to a proper distance and in a suitable
shape to form the under side of the case, and give the desired form to the
under side of the head, with respect to the point or shank of the nail. The
under side of the griping die C is made of a suitable shape to fit the face or
top of the bottom die B. On the rear side of the stationary cutter A is a pro-
jection 6, of a proper form to fit the face of the griping die C. This projection,
the top die, and the under side of the stationary cutter, are so formed and
placed in relation to each other, and with respect to the point or shank of the
nail, as to give the required form to the top side of the head, as shewn.
The operation is as follows:-The top die is placed on the rear side of the
stationary cutter, and with the projection 6 completes the top of the case.
The bottom die, to which is joined the extending portion B', is connected with
the movable cutter, so that as the piece is cut from the plate to form the nail,
and moved across the stationary cutter by the movable cutter, and pressed
against the griping die, a portion of the face of the bottom die, and of the
projection B', moves beyond the face of the griping die, and fits its under side,
thus completing the under side of the case. In this position of the parts the
heading punch advances in the case and heads the nail by upsetting the end of
the blank, after which the movable cutter returns to cut another piece, leaving
the nail free to be discharged by the top die, which is acted upon at the proper
time by a suitable motion of the machine.
What I claim under the above in part recited Letters Patent is,―
First, enclosing the end of the blank and heading punch 'on 'all four sides,

page_text: substantially as described, so that as the punch advances in the case to bead
the nail by upsetting the end of the blank, the metal will be confined within
the case, which is the size of the head when finished.
Second, the top die, performing the two functions of discharging the nail,
and forming the top of the case, substantially as described.
Third, the projection or extended portion B' on the bottom die, to form the
bottom of the case, substantially as described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Joseph Reynolds have hereunto set my
band and seal, this First day of March, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and sixty.
JOSEPH REYNOLDS. (L.S.)