matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
AN IMPROVED ARRANGEMENT OF APPARATUS AND MEANS FOR CLEANING ARTICLES OF ORNAMENT AND JEWELRY
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Whipp at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 8th August
1862.
I, JOHN WHIPP, of Rochdale, in the County of Lancaster, Jeweller,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED
ARRANGEMENT OF APPARATUS AND MEANS FOR CLEANING ARTICLES OF ORNAMENT
AND JEWELRY," to be as follows:-
The materials I employ for cleaning, drying, and polishing articles of ornament
and jewelry are a preparation of rouge for cleaning, and boxwood sawdust
for drying and polishing, and are such as are ordinarily employed by jewellers ;
but the Invention is designed to render the processes more ready and con-
venient for private use. The improvement consists in the use of a box, the
bottom of which terminates in a wash leather or other bag, and so arranged
that the box may contain the sawdust and bag when not in use, the bag
being unfolded and employed in combination with the box to polish the
articles by shaking them in the sawdust. The combination of box and bag
is fitted into a neat case with brushes, leather, and rouge, and forms a useful
apparatus presenting a more ready and convenient means of cleaning such
articles as are adapted thereto.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BURNISHING METAL SURFACES, AND IN THE MACHINERY OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN
Year: 1862

page_text: "
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Henry Johnson at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 24th
November 1862.-A communication from abroad by Arthur Simon
Joseph Miron, of Paris, in the Empire of France.
I, JOHN HENRY JOHNSON, of 47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the County of
Middlesex, and of 166, Buchanan Street, in the City of Glasgow, North
Britain, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN BURNISHING METAL SURFACES, AND IN THE MACHINERY OR
APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN," a communication from abroad by, Arthur
Simon Joseph Miron, of Paris, in the Empire of France, to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to a mechanical and automatic burnishing of metal
surfaces of all kinds in lieu of the ordinary hand process hitherto adopted, and
to a peculiar construction and arrangement of machinery or apparatus to be
employed in burnishing metal surfaces.
According to this Invention one or more articles to be burnished are
properly adjusted upon suitable holders placed on a table which is capable of
lateral and transverse horizontal adjustment by means of screws, racks, or
otherwise. Immediately above the articles to be operated upon are arranged
one or more series of burnishing tools fitted with corresponding vertical
spindles, which are capable of rotating individually by means of pullies or
otherwise in a suitable frame contained in vertical guides at each end so as to
admit of the burnishers rising and falling and being lifted off or lowered down
upon the articles to be burnished. In this frame there is also fitted a tracer

page_text: point which travels over a pattern surface corresponding exactly in size and shape
with the articles to be operated upon. Each burnisher is pressed down by a
helical or other spring upon the corresponding article beneath it. On
imparting a rapid rotating motion to the several burnishers and slowly
traversing the table containing the articles and the pattern surface to and fro
in both directions either simultaneously or separately, the burnishers may be
made to work over the entire surface of such articles, and will rise and fall to
accomodate themselves to any irregularity in the surface by the action of the
tracer upon its pattern. If desired a lateral motion may be imparted to the
frame containing the several burnishers in conjunction or not with the rotatory
motion of such tools, thereby assimilating the action to that of the hand
burnisher. The traversing movements of the table or of the burnishing frame
may be obtained by self-acting mechanism from the main actuating shaft of
the machine, or these movements may be given by hand. A counterpoise is
connected to the frame carrying the burnishing spindles so that it may be in
perfect equilibrium, and a tredle action is combined therewith to admit of such
frame being readily lifted by the foot of the attendant. As fast as one set of
articles are completed a fresh set already adjusted on their holding blocks is
introduced.
IMPROVEMENTS IN WATERCLOSETS
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Steel at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 2nd July 1862.
I, JOHN STEEL, of Stirling, North Britain, Plumber, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN WATERCLOSETS," to be as
follows:-
This Invention relates to improvements in and connected with the discharge
and water-supply arrangements of waterclosets, and has for object simple and
efficient action with durability and non-liability to derangement.
In a modification embodying the improvements the bottom of the basip
communicates by a short branch pipe with what may be called the discharge
valve box, forming the top of the soil pipe. The discharge valve consists of
a flap, of an elastic or flexible material, such as rubber, strengthened at the
back, and it is fitted inside the valve box so as to be applied against the
opening thereinto of the branch from the basin, this opening being, by pre-
ference, fitted with a brass ring projecting slightly inwards to form the valve
seat. A kind of plunger is contrived to work up and down in the valve box
by a rod passing up through the cover to the usual handle, and this plunger
is hooked or jointed to the valve, so as to open or shut it accordingly as it is
moved up or down. The plunger is, by preference, guided by means of
grooved antifriction wheels running on guide flanges formed or fitted inside
the valve box, and the plunger is also, by preference, fitted with an anti-
friction wheel, by which in descending it presses on the valve, and insures its

page_text: being completely closed. The water supply is made self-acting, the supply
tap being opened by means of a lever and float. The float is contained in a
compartment provided at the side of the basin, this compartment com-
municating with the bottom of the basin or with the branch therefrom, so
that when the discharge valve is opened, the compartment is emptied along
with or immediately after the basin, and the float descending in consequence
opens the supply tap, and the water flows in until the float is again raised by
the basin and compartment becoming full. An overflow outlet is provided,
consisting of a small open pipe, extending from the bottom of the basin, or
from the main discharge branch up a little above the proper water level, and
then turning down into the valve box or soil pipe. This overflow pipe is
always sealed by the water in its lower part, and the passage of smells from
the soil pipe thereby prevented, whilst as soon as the water in the basin
reaches the level of the upper bend it flows over, and passes into the soil
pipe.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR MAKING THE WELTS OF HOSE OR OTHER ARTICLES MADE OF LOOPED OR KNITTED FABRICS
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Campion and Henry
Johnson at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 5th February 1862.
We, WILLIAM CAMPION and HENRY JOHNSON, both of the Town and County
of the Town of Nottingham, Sewing and Stitching Machine Manufacturers,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR MAKING THE WELTS OF HOSE OR OTHER ARTICLES
MADE OF LOOPED OR KNITTED FABRICS," to be as follows:-
Our Invention consists in making the welts of hose or other articles made
of looped or knitted fabrics by the employment of a hook and needle and
cylinder each of suitable construction, and operated upon by a cam and worn,
and by a wheel. The needle employed herein works inside the cylinder
instead of outside thereof, as heretofore. The fabric of 'which the welt is
intended to be made is placed on the cylinder, and upon this cylinder is
secured a notch or pin, which comes in contact with a lever on each revolu-
tion in order temporarily to stop the machine; the lever is again applied
when another revolution is performed.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR LUBRICATING STEAM ENGINE CYLINDERS, SLIDES, AND OTHER SURFACES
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Jonathan Pendlebury at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 1st February
1862.
I, JONATHAN PENDLEBURY, of Dukenfield, in the County of Chester,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for " IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR LUBRICATING STEAM ENGINE
CYLINDERS, SLIDES, AND OTHER SURFACES," to be as follows:-
Near the bottom of the steam cylinder I connect a pipe, having at the top
a small vertical cylinder, at the upper part of which is the cup for holding the
tallow, oil, or other lubricating matter. In the interior of the small cylinder
there is a double piston with a plug between them, which is hollowed in a
concave form. The interior of the small cylinder is in communication with
the steam cylinder by means of tubes or pipes. When the piston is at the
bottom of the steam cylinder, the pipe communicating with the small cylinder
is closed. When the piston is ascending steam passes through the pipe into
the small cylinder, and raises the double piston above the orifice which
leads to the steam cylinder, into which the lubricating matter is forced by the
pressure of the atmosphere. When the piston is at the top of the steam cylin-
der, and a vacuum below, the double piston in the small cylinder descends by
atmospheric pressure, and again opens the orifice leading to the steam cylinder
into which the lubricating matter enters as before. I also modify the action

page_text: of the small cylinder, by substituting for the steam and atmospheric pres-
sure, a lever, weight, or spring, and employ a valve instead of the double
piston, so as to adapt the apparatus for lubricating slides or other surfaces
when there is no steam or vacuum.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LAMPS FOR THE COMBUSTION OF PARAFFIN, ROCK OIL, OR OTHER OILS
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Byram at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 21st October
1862,
I, JOSEPH BYRAM, of Moldgreen, near Huddersfield, in the County of
York, Tinner, Brazier, and Ironmonger, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN LAMPS FOR THE COMBUSTION OF
PARAFFIN, ROCK OIL, OR OTHER OILS," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to the coneless or coverless burner lamps, or those
having no covers over the burners, and the improvements consist in con-
structing such lamps so as to be able to regulate the flame or the quantity
of light as may be required without having to take out the clams or wick-
holder to adjust the wick for that purpose, and thus avoid the danger of
breakage of the glass chimney, or of igniting the oil in the lamp by such
operation. Also, to prevent waste of oil, or the surplus oil from the burners
from running down outside the lamp.
These improvements I effect by dispensing with the clams or wick-holder,
and apply an adjusting spindle and pinions to propel the wick up or down the
burner, and I provide troughs to receive the surplus oil and to conduct it back
into the lamp.
IMPROVEMENTS IN TRACTION ENGINES AND BOILERS FOR TRACTION, LOCOMOTIVE, AND OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Lee at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 3rd April
1862.
I, JOSEPH LEE, of the Traction Engine Works, Lincoln, do hereby declare
the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN TRACTION ENGINES AND
BOILERS FOR TRACTION, LOCOMOTIVE, AND OTHER PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in traction engines and in
boilers for traction, locomotive, and other purposes. The improvements in
traction engines consist in giving motion to the main or driving pair of
wheels by a pinion on the crank shaft of the engine gearing into an inter-
mediate wheel, on the axis of which is another smaller wheel, which gears
into a toothed wheel on the axis of the main or driving wheels. The inter-
mediate wheels turn on a stud which projects from the bracket which carries
the crank shaft; this stud, the crank shaft, and the axis of the main wheels
are so placed that their centres are all in one vertical line.
The improvements in boilers for traction, locomotive, and other purposes,
consist in constructing them so that the horizontal tubes which pass from the
fire-box conduct the products of combustion into a smoke-box or chamber,
from the top of which they pass away through vertical tubes which rise up
through the dome or steam chamber of the boiler, and on the exterior of the
dome the tubes open into a chimney, which can be turned down when the

page_text: tubes require cleaning. The smoke-box or chamber above mentioned is
formed by the plate which receives the ends of the horizontal tubes from the
fire-box being bent at right angles, the portion bent down at right angles
receiving the vertical tubes which rise up through the dome.
AN IMPROVED PRESS TO BE USED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF TILES AND BRICKS
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Castelbon at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 4th December
1862. A communication from Jean Joseph Felix, residing at Beaulieu,
Vosges, France.
I, HENRY CASTELBON, of No. 15, Passages des Petites Ecuries, Paris, in
the Empire of France, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "AN IMPROVED PRESS TO BE USED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF
TILES AND BRICKS," a communication from Jean Joseph Felix, a person resident
at Beaulieu, Vosges, France, to be as follows:-
The press, the subject of this Invention, is composed of the following parts:-
A main framing carrying the press; a second framing serving as guide to the
coffin or upper mould carrier; three shafts, the first of which carries a
fly-wheel, and transmits motion to the second, which gives a come-and-go
motion to the coffin, and consequently to the upper mould, by means of a
connecting rod, the third shaft carrying a wheel, on which the lower moulds
are placed; of a mould or rectangular box, intended to receive and mould the
clay; of a second connecting rod, giving intermittent quarterly turns to the
wheel which carries the lower moulds; and of a balance catch, working the
ratchets of another connecting rod, on which is a rack regulating. the stopping.
A cake of clay being deposited, the second shaft is made to turn and draw the
coffin or upper mould carrier, which presses the cake of. clay, and gives it the
required form, while the slide bars prepare a fresh supply of clay, which is cut

page_text: and brought forward by a moveable. apron to fall under the second mould
when it has arrived at the proper point. The tiles or bricks are thus prepared,
and while the upper mould rises again, the connecting rod completing its
journey, turns a pinion carrying the balance catch, which comes against one of
the branches of the ratchet of a cross-bar wheel, thus giving motion to the
shaft carrying the wheel, which is to bring another bed beneath the upper
mould, and which then turns. This machine itself prepares the clay by means
of crushing cylinders or a malaxing barrel.
IMPROVEMENTS IN COFFEE POTS AND BOILERS FOR CULINARY PURPOSES, PART OF WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE ALSO APPLICABLE FOR GENERATING STEAM
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Edward Newton at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 13th
May 1862. A communication from abroad by Edward Fielding
Woodward, of Brooklyn, King's County, State of New York, United
States of America.
I, WILLIAM EDWARD NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery Lane,
in the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN COFFEE POTS AND BOILERS FOR
CULINARY PURPOSES, PART OF WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE ALSO APPLICABLE FOR
GENERATING STEAM," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists, first, in combining a convolute or coiled tube with
a boiler, central tubes, and perforated food-holder or receptacle, so that when
heat is applied to the apparatus or device, and the water commences to be
heated, a circulation or current will be formed within the boiler, and the
water very expeditiously heated and boiled, while the substance or material to
be boiled or decocted will be disposed in the most advantageous manner in
the current of water to favor the cooking or extracting process.
The Invention consists, secondly, in using in connection with the boiler a
coiled tube and food-holder or receptacle aforesaid, one or more supplemental
chambers or vessels placed under and over the other, and communicating

page_text: with each other and the boiler by means of a tube or tubes constructed and
arranged to favor the ascent of steam or heated air with the supplemental
chambers for warming or, cooking articles of food, and at the same time serve
as a means to keep the cover or lid of the receptacle or boiler in proper
position.
IM- PROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF BOOTS, SHOES, AND GOLOSHES, RENDERING THEM ELASTIC TO PRESSURE
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Andrew Bearne at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 8th May
1862.
I, ANDREW BEARNE, of 24, Union Street, Torquay, in the County of Devon,
Boot Maker, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF BOOTS, SHOES, AND GOLOSHES, RENDERING THEM
ELASTIC TO PRESSURE," to be as follows:-
In constructing the heels of boots, shoes, and goloshes, I hollow out the
heels internally, and place within the cavity an elastie bed or cushion, or bed
and cushion of vulcanite or other suitable material, of a sufficient size to
present an elastic medium when pressed upon by the heel of the wearer; a thin
covering of leather or other suitable material is placed over such cushion.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LAMPS FOR BURNING COAL OIL AND OTHER HYDROCARBONS
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alfred Vincent Newton at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 26th
April 1862. A communication from abroad by Bradford Ripley Alden,
of New York City, United States of America.
I, ALFRED VINCENT NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery Lane,
in the County of Middlesex, Mechanical Draughtsman, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN LAMPS FOR BURNING
COAL OIL AND OTHER HYDROCARBONS," to be as follows:-
Lamp burners hitherto devised for burning coal oil and other similar hydro-
carbons have been constructed principally of metal, which in consequence of
being a good conductor of heat, has served to volatilize the oil too rapidly,
and cause the flame to be unduly supplied with vapour, the latter being in
excess of the supply of oxygen to the flame, and therefore causing imperfect
combustion and the emission of smoke and unpleasant odour from the flame.
This profuse supply of vapour to the flame has been compensated for in a great
measure by the employment of glass draught chimnies, which increase the
supply of oxygen, and render the combustion tolerably perfect, so much so,
as to prevent the perceptible emission of smoke or unconsumed carbon when
the lamp is stationary, and the draught not checked by external disturbing
causes. In the latter case, however, smoke and an unpleasant odour will be
evolved, and hence there has been hitherto this inconvenience to contend with
in a great or less degree in burning the hydrocarbons specified.
This Invention is designed to obviate this difficulty, and to this end the

page_text: metal wick tube of the burner is surrounded by a tube of earthy cement,
porcelain pipe, and other clays, artificial or natural stone, pottery, earthenware,
opaque glass, or other analogous material which is a good non-conductor of
heat, and also using in connection therewith a cone or deflector constructed
either of the materials above named or of metal enamelled and attached to the
tube surrounding the wick tube in such a manner as to isolate the cone from
the external tube.
By this means only a suitable proportion of the heat evolved by the flame
is conducted down to the lamp, and the flame is consequently not supplied
with an excess of vapour, but is provided with a supply of oxygen amply
proportionate to the vapour even without a draught chimney.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SMOKE-CONSUMING FIRE-GRATES
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Clark at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 12th May 1862.
-A communication from abroad by Mr. Louis François Rojare, of 29,
Boulevart St. Martin, Paris, Banker.
I, WILLIAM CLARK, of 53, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex,
Engineer and Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN SMOKE-CONSUMING FIRE-GRATES," to be as
follows:-
This Invention relates to an improved smoke-consuming grate, in which
the fresh fuel is supplied underneath that already in ignition. For this
purpose the grate is made movable, and has a rotating motion imparted to it;
it is made somewhat in the form of a cylindrical cage of suitable dimensions
according to the purpose required. The ends of this cage forming the grate
are furnished with pivots supported in bearings, on which the entire apparatus
is rotated. The upper and lower parts of the grate are closed by means of
gratings, which may be removed at will. Bars are placed in the grate for the
purpose of distributing the incandescent coal in an uniform manner on the
green fuel, so as to completely cover it. In order to make a fire, one of
the gratings is placed at the bottom of the apparatus, on which the fuel is
laid and then lighted, and when it becomes necessary to replenish the fire,
the fresh coal is placed on that which is in an incandescent state and the
second grating placed at the upper part of the grate. The apparatus is then
rotated on its axis, when the incandescent coal will fall on the green fuel,

page_text: being regularly distributed throughout its surface. The grating beneath the
fuel is then withdrawn, being no longer required. In this manner the smoke
disengaged from the green fuel is consumed by the incandescent coal. When
the coal is almost consumed a fresh supply is added, and the preceding
operation repeated, and so on.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF LOCKS, CATCHES, OR FASTENINGS FOR PURSES, BAGS, OR OTHER RECEPTACLES
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Feis at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 19th September
1862. A communication from abroad by Gustav Luttringhaus, of the
Firm of Gustav Luttringhaus and Co., of Mulheim, on the Rhine.
I, EDWARD FEIS, of the Firm of Feis, Michaelis, and Rubino, of 8, Sise
Lane, in the City of London, Merchants, do hereby declare the nature of the
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF LOCKS, CATCHES, OR
FASTENINGS FOR PURSES, BAGS, OR OTHER RECEPTACLES," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object a very simple arrangement of mechanism
for securing the parts, when closed, of purses, portmonnaies, bags, or other
similar receptacles. For this purpose one of the sides or frames of a purse,
portmonnaie, bag, or other similar receptacle is furnished with a fixed projec-
tion suitably formed for being securely held or retained by a spring catch fixed
on the opposite side or frame of the receptacle, which also carries a sliding
piece having a knob or projection passing through a slot in the frame to the
outside of the receptacle. By imparting movement to this knob or projection
on the outside of the bag or receptacle, an incline or projection on the sliding
piece acts on the spring catch so as to release the fixed projection on the,
opposite side, and thus allow the parts.to open or separate. In place of
moving the sliding piece by a knob or projection from the outside, as previously
described, an opening or keyhole may be left in the side or frame of the
receptacle, and a key or pin introduced for moving the sliding piece.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ANTI- GAROTTE KNIVES
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Jonathan Smith Hancock and
Samuel Hancock at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 16th December 1862.
We, JONATHAN SMITH HANCOCK and SAMUEL HANCOCK, of the Firm of
Samuel Hancock and Sons, of Sheffield, in the County of York, Cutlers, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN ANTI-
GAROTTE KNIVES," to be as follows:-
This Invention applies to that kind of knife or dagger known in the trade
as the "anti-garotte" knife. The improved knife is made with two dagger
blades, one at each end, both acted upon by one spring which locks them
when in the open position, the blades being released when it is required to
close them by raising the end of the spring out of the notch in the blade; or
a catch may be used acted on by the spring and released by pressing on a
small projection. The guards at each end of the handle instead of being fixed
to the scales, and projecting at right angles thereto, as is usually the case,
(and which makes the knife bulky and inconvenient to be carried,) are fastened
by pins to the blades close to the ends of the scales, and as the blades aro
closed they close also, spontaneously turning upon the pins, and lie along the
blades parallel to the scales and quite out of the way, but spring into their
former cruciform position as soon as the blades are opened. These improve-
ments render the knife much more compact and at the same time a much
more defensive weapon than the " anti-garotte" knives as hitherto con-
structed.
IMPROVEMENTS IN HOLDERS FOR LAMPS, CANDLES, AND OTHER LIGHTS
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Clark at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 17th December
1862. A communication from abroad by Messieurs Louis Gabriel,
Eugène Isabey, Marine Painter and Officer of the Legion of Honor, and
Anthony Montalba, Proprietor, both of 29, Boulevart St. Martin, Paris.
I, WILLIAM CLARK, of 53, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex,
Engineer and Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN HOLDERS FOR LAMPS, CANDLES, AND OTHER LIGHTS,"
to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to a means of supporting candles or lamps or other
similar lights in such manner that the candle, lamp, or other light shall retain
its vertical or normal position at all times, or nearly so, although the holder in
which the lamp, candle, or other light is held is itself inclined in any direction.
For this purpose I apply a sphere to the candlestick or lamp holder, which
sphere rests and supports the lamp or candlestick in a ring, or it may be an
opening in the upper and small end of a cone, such ring or opening being of
a diameter less than the sphere. From the sphere depends a weighted rod or
pendulum, the tendency of which to hang always in a vertical position main-
tains the lamp or candle at all times in its proper position, although
the cone, stand, or other holder may be oscillated or inclined to a considerable
extent. If to be used on board ship, I prefer to make the stand with three
spiked feet, which may be stuck into a table, floor, or other place required,
which prevents the holder stand from moving otherwise than being inclined by
the motion of the ship. With a tripod stand the pendulum rod will be visible,

page_text: but it may be enclosed by the cone or other suitable base. Instead of being
arranged as a stand, this arrangement of lamp or candlestick or holder may
be applied to a fixed bracket, or it may form a portable hand holder, in which
case the ring supporting the sphere will be furnished with a suitable hand
hold, by which it may be carried.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OR PRODUCTION OF REVERSIBLE SHAWLS
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Paul Fryer Newham at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 29th
October 1862.
I, HENRY PAUL FRYER NEWHAM, of Saint Mary's Gate, in the Town and
County of the Town of Nottingham, Lace Manufacturer, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OR
PRODUCTION OF REVERSIBLE SHAWLS," to be as follows:-
The object of my Invention is the manufacture or production of reversible
shawls, in such manner as to obtain varied effects. For this purpose I manu-
facture or produce an improved shawl, in which one, two, or more falls,
lappets, turnovers, flaps, or pieces are combined with the body or main piece
of the shawl, over each side or surface of which the said falls, lappets, turn-
overs, or flaps can be turned at pleasure from the top of the shawl, each one
as turned over modifying or altering the appearance or design of the shawl,
and by having the main piece and the falls, lappets, turnovers, flaps, or pieces
presentable on both sides, the appearance or design of the shawl may (by
reversing it) be further varied, according to the side presented to view. Thus,
suppose for example, the shawl to comprise a main piece differing on each side,
and three falls, lappets, flaps, or turnovers, then as each is turned over in turn
the original appearance of the shawl may be altered thrice on one side, and
then by reversing the shawl thrice on the other side, so that in all eight
different aspects might be presented, and by having flaps of different sides,
further variations may be produced.

page_text: By varying the colours, designs, sizes, and materials of some of the pieces,
or having some openwork, reticulated, or semi-transparent, and others compact
or more opaque, very varied and elegant effects may be obtained.
IMPROVEMENTS IN FIRE-ESCAPES
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Catchpool at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 11th October
1862.
I, WILLIAM CATCHPOOL, of 355, Goswell Road, in the County of Middlesex,
Miller, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN FIRE-ESCAPES," to be as follows:-
The object of the improvements is to facilitate escape from windows or other
openings of houses or other places on fire. For this purpose I employ a
basket or frame adapted to receive persons to escape. This basket or frame
may be made of metal or other openwork to give lightness to it, and may have
a-temporary top, so as to be generally used as a table or sideboard; and it is
provided with several chains or cords by which it may be suspended from a
central ring or connection with one end of a main supporting chain or rope,
the other end of which is attached to a spindle which may be applied to the
window or other opening from which escape is to be effected. Upon this
spindle is applied. a pulley acted upon by a friction band or break so that
a person in the place from which descent is to be made may, by acting
on this friction band or break, regulate the speed of descent of the basket or
frame, or by a separate chain or cord the party descending may regulate the
speed of descent. I also form the spindle, from which the chain or cord is
unwound in the descent of the basket or frame, of a progressively diminishing
diameter. from one end to the other, thereby to avoid the tendency to a
progressive increase of velocity arising from the action of gravity during such

page_text: descent; and I form the ribs of the basket or frame curved and inclining
inwards at the bottom, and when it is formed of several sides, the surfaces
between the ribs are inclined inwards, by which facility is given in passing
cornices or other projections from the surface of the structure. An extra cord
or chain may be used, if desired, one end of which may be attached to the
bottom of the basket or frame, whilst the other end thereof may be held by a
person or persons below, to assist in guiding the apparatus during descent.
Except when required for use, the separate parts of the apparatus (excepting
the basket or frame) may be stored away in some convenient but readily
accessible place in the apartment, and then be readily applied to a window or
other opening, sockets or bearings being provided at such places to support
the spindle.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SELF-ACTING MULES
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Bradbury at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 1st January
1862.
I, JOHN BRADBURY, of Pendleton, near Manchester, in the County of
Lancaster, Mechanic, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN SELF-ACTING MULES," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to improved modes of turning the cam shaft, and
has for its object the prevention of breakages, and causing certainty of action.
Instead of the ordinary friction pulley having four grooved cavities, and the
escape lever and parts connected with it, I employ at the end of the cam
shaft a boss or plate having four teeth or projections acted upon one after the
other by a rod having at the end a small pulley. The said rod is moved
upwards or forwards at the required times by four pins upon a revolving plate
or pin wheel, put in motion by gearing communicating with the rim shaft.
The pins on the pin wheel are adjusted at various distances apart according
to the required number of the twist of the yarn, and the blank part of the
wheel allows time for the coming out of the carriage. The aforesaid cam
shaft, after each movement, is held steady by a lever and lock wheel, and the
movements are performed with ease and certainty.
THE APPLICATION OF VELVET, PLUSH, CLOTH, LEATHER, AMERICAN CLOTH, OIL CLOTH, AND OTHER SUCH LIKE SUBSTANCES, ALONE, AND IN COMBINATION WITH OTHER MATERIALS, FOR ADVERTISING SHOW BOARDS, SHOW CARDS, WINDOW TICKETS, AND ALL SUCH USES
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Louis Petre and Edward Samuel
Tucker at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition,
on the 10th January 1862.
LOUIS PETRE and EDWARD SAMUEL TUCKER, of 194, Waterloo Road,
London, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "THE
APPLICATION OF VELVET, PLUSH, CLOTH, LEATHER, AMERICAN CLOTH, OIL CLOTH,
AND OTHER SUCH LIKE SUBSTANCES, ALONE, AND IN COMBINATION WITH OTHER
MATERIALS, FOR ADVERTISING SHOW BOARDS, SHOW CARDS, WINDOW TICKETS, AND
ALL SUCH USES," to be as follows:-
We take velvet, plush, cloth, leather, American cloth, oil cloth, and such like
substances, and by means of a machine or otherwise coat the back of the
fabric with a thin solution of india-rubber, gutta percha, gum, shellac, and
other gums or other adhesive substance; the material is then passed a second
time through the machine, in order to increase the adhesive coating to the
required thickness. The letters or devices are then cut out of the material
first described by hand or machinery, and are made to adhere by means
of heat or otherwise to suitable grounds, such as wood, card, oil cloth, American
cloth, glass, leather, canvass, and such like substances.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PROPELLERS FOR STEAM SHIPS AND OTHER VESSELS
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edwin Francis Clarke at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 21st
April 1862.
I, EDWIN FRANCIS CLARKE, of Waterloo, near Liverpool, in the County of
Lancaster, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PROPELLERS FOR STEAM SHIPS AND OTHER VESSELS," to
be as follows:-
My Invention relates, firstly, to an improvement in the screw propeller.
I make or construct the boss of a semi-spherical form, preferably much
larger than it has hitherto been made; and pass the driving shaft into or
through it in the usual way. The flat side of such semi-spherial boss works
against a smooth disc or other smooth surface, fitted to or made part of the
false stern post of the same diameter as the boss and the driving shaft trunk
to obviate resistance, as a ship or vessel passes through the water is enlarged
or made of about equal diameter; by which means, and the cutting off of the
leading edges of the blades which are cast with or fitted to the above mentioned
boss as at present, the trail of "dead water," and vibration will be prevented;
and, secondly, to propelling apparatus to be used in lieu of paddle wheels,
and other side propellers. Instead of carrying out the main shaft, after it
passes the hull of a vessel, in a straight line, I have it forged or fitted with a
number of cranks. I prefer three on each side, similar to the cranks used
for working a set of three pumps, parallel to the main shaft, and of the same

page_text: form. I have one or several crank shafts resting on bearings fitted in or on
the sides of the ship, and across to and on frame work carried out for that
purpose. Each set of cranks is coupled to connecting rods, which carry one
or more floats, so jointed that they will "feather" out of the water at the
turn of the stroke, and prevent "back water," the motion being somewhat
similar, where one float is used, to that adopted by the Indians in paddling a
canoe, and where several are used, they move together like "louvre boards."
IMPROVEMENTS IN MEANS OR APPARATUS FOR HOT-PRESSING, WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE ALSO APPLICABLE TO OTHER HEATING PURPOSES
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Collier and James
William Crossley at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 24th June 1862.
We, GEORGE COLLIER, of Halifax, in the County of York, and JAMES
WILLIAM CROSSLEY, of Brighouse, in the same County, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MEANS OR APPARATUS
FOR HOT-PRESSING, WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE ALSO APPLICABLE TO OTHER HEATING
PURPOSES," to be as follows:
The Invention relates to the construction of press plates used in hot-pressing,
such plates having hollow passages therein for the flow of the heating, and of
the subsequent cooling media. Heretofore, such press plates have been made
of cast or of wrought iron, to which metals there are several objections, such
as the liability of the cast iron to breakage, and the extra expense of the
wrought-iron. The rivets too, generally used in making the latter, are apt to:
cause leakage, and otherwise to mark the goods under operation.
Our improvements consist in making such press plates of softer or more
pliable metal, capable of being repeatedly cast in the same moulds. And we
employ for the purpose zinc, pewter, or a combination of these with lead, tin,
or other metals, and we form the moulds of iron or other hard, or comparatively
hard metal, or of plastic composition. We, by preference, cast the plates in
parts, and of such form that when soldered or otherwise fastened together
suitable hollow passages are left therein for the proper circulation of the media

page_text: used either for heating or cooling, and to prevent the expansion of the plates
in the middle by reason of the internal pressure of the heating or cooling
media, there are dovetailed or other projections in one part of the plate which
fit into corresponding recesses in another part. Plates made of iron may be
connected together by similar dovetailed formations. Plates made of soft
metal may have the passages through them obtained by casting such metal
on iron or other suitable metal tubes in metal or plastic composition moulds
adapted to produce the form of the required plates. Plates also of similar
material and construction may be used as means of heating apartments or
chambers for various purposes.
AN IMPROVED TURBINE
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Fink at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 8th Sep-
tember 1862.
I, CHARLES FINE, of Berlin, in the Kingdom of Prussia, Professor of
Mochanics, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN
IMPROVED TURBINE," to be as follows:-
This improved turbine is constructed with a fixed outer ring of adjustable
direction vanes contained between two parallel horizontal annular surfaces,
between which adjustable vanes the actuating water passes, and is directed
by them into and through a series of buckets or openings formed with or
attached to a ring or wheel attached to a shaft or spindle, and free to revolve
within the ring first mentioned. The actuating water, after passing through
the buckets of the inner ring or wheel (and thereby giving a rotatory motion
to the same and to the shaft or spindle upon which it is fixed), passes downward
through a suitably formed pipe or tube from which it is ultimately led away
in any convenient manner. The adjustable vanes each consist of a curved or
other formed plate, which plate is free to move to any required extent around
a centre or fulcrum. They (the vanes) are placed edgewise between the two
annular surfaces before mentioned, and thus in conjunction with thein con-
stitute a series of openings, the form and direction of which are adjustable as
follows:-To each vane and projecting outward from it is attached an arm or
lever the outer end of which is acted upon by a stud (or other equivalent

page_text: arrangement) carried by an annular ring, any movement of which around its
centre gives simultaneous movement around their centres or fulcra to the
whole of the vanes, and thus sets them to any angle required. The necessary
movement for adjusting the vanes to any required angle may be imparted
to the annular ring by levers or other convenient or suitable means.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PREPARATION OF DRIED YEAST
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Earp Elliott, at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 22nd April
1862. A communication from abroad by Messrs. Georg Grossberger and
Hermann Christian Kurz, of Nuremberg, in the Kingdom of Bavaria,
Lead Pencil Manufacturers.
I, CHARLES EARP ELLIOTT, of No. 5, Aldermanbury Postern, in the City of
London, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE PREPARATION OF DRIED YEAST," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in the preparation of dried
yeast. For this purpose fresh thick sub-fermentative yeast is taken and stirred
up with twelve times as much water, and is then drained through a cloth, used as
a sieve, into a clean vessel, it must be allowed then to settle well, and the water
has then to be poured off. The sediment is again mixed with water and the
same operation is again twice repeated. After the third draining a beautiful
white yeast is found as a sediment at the bottom of the vessel. This latter
sediment is then to be stirred up with some purified carbonate of soda or
potash and rectified spirit, using th of an ounce of alkali to one pound of
sediment, and ths of an ounce of rectified spirit, and is then left to stand quietly
for half an hour, and afterwards is poured into sacks and pressed dry. Half
an ounce of gelatine is then added to every two pounds of yeast, the gelatine
is boiled into a solid mass, and is mixed after it has become almost cold first
with one pound of yeast, and after proper kneading is thoroughly mixed with

page_text: the other pound of yeast and is rolled up into a stick, which is then exposed
for from 10 to 12 hours to a cold temperature. After the lapse of this period
the union has taken place perfectly, the stick is unrolled and cut with a glass
knife into any form desired, and the pieces themselves are dried on frames
covered with a cloth in an ordinary temperature.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PHOTOGRAPHIC: CAMERAS, AND IN THE MODE OF FIXING THE LENS THEREIN
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Edwin Grisdale at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 12th March
1862.
I, JOHN EDWIN GRISDALE, of 73, Oxford Street, in the County of Mid-
dlesex, Photographer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN PHOTOGRAPHIC: CAMERAS, AND IN THE MODE OF FIXING THE
LENS THEREIN," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to a peculiar construction and arrangement of
folding, or expanding and contracting cameras, and also to a peculiar mode or
method of fixing the lenses in photographic cameras of all kinds. In the
improved camera the two ends are connected together on. the four sides by an
arrangement of the well-known "lazy-tongs levers," which consequently.
admits of their being readily drawn nearer to or further from each other,
whilst the parallelism of the back and front is preserved. These series of lazy--
tongs levers are braced together or strengthened by hoops or metal braces
which
pass round and enclose them. The whole may be covered by the-
ordinary bellows covering, or by a bag.
In lieu of the methods hitherto adopted for securing the lens tube into the
front of the camera, which will allow only of one sized lens being used with
one camera unless a separate front be provided, and in lieu of using the
adapter," I propose to employ three or more pairs of radial flaps or arms,
which are hinged or otherwise jointed at their outer extremities to the front

page_text: of the camera, one set being placed outside and the other inside thereof. The
inner ends of these flaps or arms coverge towards the lens tube, and tend to
hold it when made to approach each other in its proper central position, two
rings on the lens tube, one of which is adjustable by the action of the hood,
or otherwise serving as the lateral bearings for the ends of the arms or flaps.
By this arrangement, it is obvious that different sizes of lenses may be readily
fitted into the same camera, the peculiar holding action of the arms or flaps
always ensuring the proper central position of the lens. Suitable provision is
of course made for excluding the light which would otherwise enter the camera
when fitted with this arrangement for securing the lens.
Another part of my Invention consists in the substitution of a peculiar
hinged cover for the dark slide in lieu of the ordinary sliding cover, the
improved cover being made in four parts, and so arranged that each part will
fold back inside the camera, the divisions in the cover being so disposed as to
admit of each part folding back into a tapered camera when required to
do so.
AN IMPROVED METHOD OF PURIFYING GAS
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Phineas Cowan at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 5th December
1862.
I, PHINEAS COWAN, of the Firm of L. Cowan and Sons, of Hammersmith
Bridge Soap Works, Barnes, in the County of Surrey, Manufacturers, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED METHOD
OF PURIFYING GAS," to be as follows:-
The object of my Invention is the purifying of gas, and my Invention
consists in the employment for that purpose of animal charcoal, or of vegetable
charcoal, or of other form of carbon. I place the charcoal or carbon in
purifying vessels of the ordinary or other form, into which I convey the gas; '
from these vessels the gas is conducted, the charcoal or carbon having
removed the impurities from it.