Year: 1888

page_text: Date of Application, 14th Jan., 1888
Complete Specification Left, 26th Sept.. 1888
Complete Specification Accepted, 26th Oct., 1888
I CHARLES WILLIAM PINKNEY of No. 5 Regent Street Smethwick in the County
of Stafford Mechanical Engineer do hereby declare the nature of this Invention to
be as follows:-
My invention has for its object to simplify the construction of gas worked punching
riveting and shearing machines and consists in constructing and arranging the parts
of the said machines in the ways hereinafter described.
I will describe my invention in connection with a punching machine.
According to one of my improvements the principal or motive piston and the
charging piston are situated in the same hollow cylinder. The motive piston is upper-
most and its piston rod passes out of the top of the cylinder and works in a tubular
guide on the cylinder cover. The piston rod of the charging piston passes out of the
bottom of the cylinder.
The piston rod of the motive piston is connected with the long arm of the lever
the short arm of which carries the punch. The said long arm passes through an
opening in the tubular guide in which the piston rod of the motive piston works and
its rounded end takes into a slot in the said piston rod. By the ascent of the motive
piston the short arm of the punch lever forcibly depressed upon and punches the
metal sheet or article to be punched.
The lower or charging piston is operated in the following manner. To the lower
protruding end of the piston rod of the said charging piston a cranked lever is
jointed. The two arms of this lever may be situated at a distance apart on a shaft.
The two arms of the said lever are inclined to one another at an angle of about fifty
degrees the fulcrum being at the angle formed by the junction of the two arms of the
lever. The upper end of the short arm of the lever is jointed to the lower end of the
piston rod of the charging piston and the fulcrum on which the lever turns is carried
by a sliding block which works in a horizontal guide on the base of the machine.
The long arm of the said lever terminates in a handle by which the workman
operates it. By depressing the long arm of the said lever the sliding block carrying

page_text: its fulcrum is moved in its horizontal guide the short arm of the lever approaching
nearer and nearer to a vertical position as the long arm is depressed. When the
long arm has been fully depressed the sliding block is brought to the end of the guide
in which it works the short arm of the lever is vertical and in a line with the piston
rod of the charging piston. The said piston is then in its highest position and the
force of the detonation cannot communicate any motion to it. In the normal state of
the parts of the machine the motive piston is at its lowest position that is a little
lower than the middle of the cylinder and the charging piston at its highest position
that is nearly in contact with the motive piston. In the side of the cylinder immediately
opposite the space between the pistons when they are in their normal position is an
opening at which the mixture of inflammable gas and air is introduced and at which
the exhaust gases are expelled.
The action of the parts is as follows. The parts being in the normal positions
described the workman raises and pushes over the long arm of the lever described.
The charging piston is thereby depressed the detonating mixture being thereby drawn
into the cylinder below the motive piston. The detonating mixture being cut off the
workman reverses the motion of the lever thereby raising the charging piston and
compressing the detonating gaseous mixture between itself and the stationary motive
piston. When the compression has so far proceeded that the elastic force of the
gaseous mixture exceeds the downward pressure of the motive piston and its piston
rod the said piston rises causing the punch to descend and rest upon the plate or
article to be punched. The charging piston is supported firmly in the manner already
described. The detonation is then effected and raises the motive piston thereby
effecting the punching of the plate or article. The gaseous mixture being ignited
under pressure detonation is effected by the heat of a red hot tube. The exhaust valve
is operated by a land lever.
According to another of my improvements the charging of the main cylinder with
the detonating gaseous mixture is effected by the use of a second smaller cylinder
and piston the said smaller cylinder being situated underneath the main cylinder its
axis being horizontal. A piston works in the said cylinder which cylinder is
provided with valves so arranged that it acts as a double acting pump. The
workman actuates the piston of the charging cylinder by hand. In this
machine the main cylinder has a length little exceeding that of the stroke of the
motive piston.
In both machines concussion is prevented by air cushioning and in the first described
machine the descent of the motive piston is limited by a stop on the cylinder cover
which arrests the motion of the long arın of the punching lever.
Dated this Fourteenth day of January 1888.
W. T. WHITEMAN,
Agent for the Applicant.
40

page_text: 1 CHARLES WILLIAM PINKNEY of No. 5 Regent Street, Smethwick in the County
of Stafford, Mechanical Engineer do hereby declare the nature of this invention and
in what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement :-
My invention has for its object to simplify the construction of gas worked punching
riveting and shearing machines and consists in constructing and arranging the parts of
the said machines in the ways hereinafter described.
I will describe my invention in connection with a punching machine.
According to one of my improvements the principal or motive piston and the charging
piston are situated in the same hollow cylinder. The motive piston is uppermost
and its piston rod passes out of the top of the cylinder and works in a tubular guide
on the cylinder cover. The piston rod of the charging piston passes out of the bottom
of the cylinder.
The piston rod of the motive piston is connected with the long arm of the lever,
the short arm of which carries the punch. The said long arm passes through an
opening in the tubular guide in which the piston rod of the motive piston works and
its rounded end takes into a slot in the said piston rod. By the ascent of the motive
piston the short arm of the punch lever is forcibly depressed upon and punches the
metal or article to be punched.
The lower or charging piston is operated in the following manner. To the lower
protruding end of the piston rod of the said charging piston a cranked lever is jointed.
The two arms of this lever may be situated at a distance apart on a shaft. The two
arms of the said lever are inclined to one another at an angle of about fifty degrees,
the fulcrum being at the angle formed by the junction of the two arms of the lever.
The upper end of the short arm of the lever is jointed to the lower end of the piston
rod of the charging piston and the fulcrum on which the lever turns is carried by a
sliding block which works in a horizontal guide on the base of the machine. The
long arm of the said lever terminates in a handle by which the workman operates it.
By depressing the long arm of the said lever the sliding block carrying its fulcrum
is moved in its horizontal guide, the short arm of the lever approaching nearer and
nearer to a vertical position as the long arm is depressed. When the long arm has
been fully depressed the sliding block is brought to the end of the guide in which
it works, the short arm of the lever is vertical and in a line with the piston rod
of the charging piston. The said piston is then in its highest position and the force
of the detonation cannot communicate any motion to it. In the normal state of the
parts of the machine the motive piston is at its lowest position, that is, a little lower
than the middle of the cylinder and the charging piston at its highest position, that
is, nearly in contact with the motive piston. In the side of the cylinder immediately
opposite the space between the pistons, when they are in their normal position, is an
opening at which the mixture of inflammable gas and air is introduced and at which
the exhaust gases are expelled.

page_text: The action of the parts is as follows:-The parts being in the normal positions
described the workman raises and pushes over the long arm of the lever described.
The charging piston is thereby depressed the detonating mixture being thereby drawn
into the cylinder below the motive piston. The detonating mixture being cut off the
workman reverses the motion of the lever thereby raising the charging piston and
compressing the detonating gaseous mixture between itself and the stationary motive
piston. When the compression has so far proceeded that the clastic force of the
gaseous mixture exceeds the downward pressure of the motive piston and its piston
rod the said piston rises causing the punch to descend and rest upon the plate or
article to be punched. The charging piston is supported firmly in the manner already
described. The detonation is then effected and raises the motive piston thereby
effecting the punching of the plate or article. The gaseous mixture being ignited
under pressure, detonation is effected by the heat of a red hot tube. The exhaust
valve is operated by a hand lever.
According to another of my improvements the charging of the main cylinder with
the detonating gaseous mixture is effected by the use of a second smaller cylinder
and piston the said smaller cylinder being situated underneath the main cylinder, its
axis being horizontal. A piston works in the said cylinder which cylinder is
provided with valves so arranged that it acts as a double acting pump. The
workınan actuates the piston of the charging cylinder by hand. In this machine
the main cylinder has a length little exceeding that of the stroke of the motive
piston.
In both machines concussion is preventing by air cushioning and in the first
described machine the descent of the motive piston is limited by a stop on the
cylinder cover which arrests the motion of the long arm of the punching lever.
I will now proceed to describe with reference to the accompanying Drawings the
manner in which my invention is to be performed.
Figure 1 represents in vertical section, partly in side elevation; Figure 2 in plan
and Figure 3 in back elevation, a gas punching riveting or shearing machine con-
structed according to one part of my invention; Figures 4, 5 and 6 represent the
parts of the gas and air box and the gas igniting mechanism and the exhaust valve
drawn to a larger scale.
The same letters of reference indicate the same parts in the several Figures of the
Drawings.
a is the principal or motive piston and the charging piston both pistons working
in the same cylinder e; a² is the piston rod of the motive piston a the said piston
rod a passing out at the top of the cylinder c and working in the tubular guide d²
in the cylinder cover d.
The said piston rod a² in its upward motion gives a descending stroke to the slide e
carrying the punching or other tool at through the lever g, the end of the long arm
of which works in a slot in the piston rod and the short arm engages in a slot in the
punch or other slide e as seen in Figure 1.
The piston rod 62 of the lower or charging piston passes out at the bottom of
the cylinder c and is operated by the cranked lever 1, 2, the short arm h² of which
is jointed at ³ to the bottom of the piston rod 62. The top of the long arm h
carries the handle for working the cranked lever h, h². The two arms h, h2 are
inclined to one another at the angle represented in Figure 1 and are connected to the
ends of the horizontal shaft h which shaft works in sliding blocks (one of which is
marked in Figure 1) sliding in the horizontal guides k, k on the base of the machine.
When the long arm h of the lever h, 2 is in the fully depressed position Figure 1 the
short arm is vertical and in a line with the piston rod 62 and the charging piston b
is at its highest position and the force of the explosion cannot communicate any
motion to it. When the long arm h of the cranked lever is pushed over in the
direction indicated by the arrow Figure 1 and made to traverse the arc indicated, the
charging piston b is brought to the bottom of its cylinder. The motive piston q is
represented in its lowest position. When in this position it is situated a little lower
than the middle of the cylinder c and the charging piston b. when at its highest

page_text: position is nearly in contact with it. In the side of the cylinder c is an opening
situated opposite the space between the two pistons a and b when they are in their
normal positions. Through the opening the gaseous mixture is introduced into the
cylinder and at the said opening the exhaust gases are expelled. The opening in
the side of the cylinder is in communication with the gas and air box m by means of
the flap valve n in the said box, which valve n opens when the charging piston b
descends in its cylinder e and draws the gaseous mixture into the said cylinder and
the said valve n closes when the piston bascends in its cylinder and shuts off the
gaseous mixture (see Figures 4, 5 and 6). The air and gas box m carries the exhaust
valve and the igniting mechanism. The gas is admitted to and cut off from the box m
by the gas cock p; q is the red hot tube by which the gaseous mixture under pressure
is ignited the said tube being contained in the tubular guard q2 and heated by a gas
flame at r.
The heated tube 9 is opened to and shut off from the gas and air box m
by the slide valves pressed into its closed position by the spring represented and
opened by the lever which is operated upon at the proper time by the long arm
of the cranked lever h, 2 t is the exhaust valve and
:
is the exhaust pipe (see
Figure 6). The exhaust valve t is pressed to its seat by the coiled spring represented
and is opened by the hand lever t³.
The action of the parts is as follows:-The parts being in the normal positions
represented in the Drawings the workman raises and pushes over the long arm h of
the lever h, 2 in the direction indicated by the arrow in Figure 1. The charging
piston is thereby depressed to the bottom of its cylinder e the detonating gaseous
mixture from the gas and air box m being thereby drawn into the said cylinder c below
the motive piston a at the opening 1. The detonating mixture being cut off by the
closing of the flap or valve n the workman reverses the motion of the lever h, h2
bringing it again into the position represented in Figure 1 thereby raising the charging
piston and compressing the detonating gaseous mixture between itself and the
stationary motive piston a. When the compression has so far proceeded that the
elastic force of the gaseous mixture exceeds the downward pressure of the motive
piston a and its piston rod the said piston a rises causing the punch or other tool at f
to descend and rest upon the plate or article to be punched or operated upon. The
charging piston ỗ is supported firmly in its highest position in the manner before
described. The detonation of the compressed charge is then effected by causing the
long arm of the lever of the cranked lever h, h2, when it reaches the end of its back
stroke, to operate the lever and withdraw the slide valves from the end of the
heated tube thus bringing the gaseous mixture in contact with the said heated tube
and causing its detonation. The detonation of the gaseous mixture raises the
motive piston a thereby effecting the punching or other like operation on the plate
or article.
The exhaust valve t being opened by the hand lever t³ after the blow has been given
to the tool the motive piston descends by its own weight and expels the waste gases
from the cylinder through the open exhaust valve t and exhaust pipe t² the descent
of the motive piston restoring the lever g and tool slide e to the normal positions
represented in the Drawing. The descent of the motive piston a is limited by the stop
on the cylinder cover d and concussion of the said piston on its upward stroke is
prevented by air cushioning, air entering and being expelled from the cylinder c on the
motion of the said piston through the air hole c² at the top of the cylinder but cushioning
after the piston has passed the said hole.
at
Figure 7 represents in vertical section a gas punching riveting or shearing machine
constructed according to my invention in which machine the main cylinder is charged
with the detonating gaseous mixture preferably by a horizontal piston and cylinder
beneath the main cylinder and piston: a is the motive piston working in the cylinder c
which has a length little exceeding the stroke of the said piston. The piston rod a²
of the piston a operates the punching or other tool in the manner hereinbefore
described.
d is the small horizontal charging cylinder beneath the main cylinder c and e is
the piston working in the said charging cylinder. The piston e is worked by the hand

page_text: lever jointed to the outer end of the piston rod e². Communication between the
charging cylinder d and main cylinder c is effected by the valves gg opening upwards
and the mixture of gas and air is drawn into the charging cylinder through the
bottom valves h, h also opening upwards, the said valves, with the piston e, constituting
a double acting compressing pump. That is, when the piston e is moved in one or
other direction in its cylinder d it expels the gaseous mixture from it into the main
cylinder c through one of the top valves g, the bottom valve beneath it being closed,
and at the same time draws the gaseous mixture into the cylinder & through the
other bottom valve the top valve opposite the last named valve being closed, the action
described taking place at each stroke of the piston. The compressed gaseous mixture
thus forced into the main cylinder raises the piston a in the said cylinder as before
described is the opening in the cylinder through which the gaseous mixture is
ignited and at which the waste gases are expelled from the cylinder.
Any convenient arrangement for igniting the compressed gaseous mixture in the
main cylinder and for opening the exhaust valve at the proper time may be employed
in conjunction with the charging arrangement I have represented in Figure 7; k is
an air and exhaust waste cock at the bottom of the main cylinder.
The separate charging cylinder and its piston may be situated vertically and at the
side of the main cylinder but I prefer to arrange them horizontally and beneath the
main cylinder as described and illustrated.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my invention and
the manner of performing the same I declare that I claim as my invention of
Improvements in gas punching riveting and shearing machines "
First In a gas worked punching riveting or shearing machine in which a motive
piston and a charging piston are used in the same cylinder, the construction and
combination of parts substantially as herein before described and illustrated in
Figures 1, 2 and 3 of the accompanying Drawings for working the charging piston
and for compressing the detonating gaseous mixture drawn into the cylinder by the
charging piston by which construction and arrangement of parts the punch or other
tool is brought down upon the plate or article to be operated upon before the
detonation, of the gaseous mixture and by the detonation of the gaseous mixture the
said tool receives a further impulse by which it is made to punch or otherwise operate
upon the article under treatment.
Secondly The arrangement or combination of parts hereinbefore described and
illustrated in Figures 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 of the accompanying Drawings of the igniting
mechanism in combination with the arrangement for working the exhaust valve.
Thirdly The arrangement or combination of the parts of the gas and air box
hereinbefore described and illustrated in Figures 4, 5 and 6 of the accompanying
Drawings whereby the detonating gaseous mixture is permitted to pass through it
when the charging piston is raised in its cylinder and is cut off when the charging
piston is depressed in its cylinder.
Fourthly The arrangement or combination of parts herein before described and
illustrated in Figure 7 of the accompanying Drawings for charging the main cylinder
with the detonating gaseous mixture under pressure, that is to say, by means of a
cylinder preferably horizontal and charging piston working therein situated beneath
the main cylinder and motive piston the said charging cylinder and piston in
conjunction with the arrangement of valves represented constituting a double acting
compressing pump.
CHARLES WILLIAM PINKNEY.