IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY AND APPARATUS FOR THE PREPARATION AND MANUFACTURE OF IRON AND STEEL
Year: 1862

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Gay Newton Alleyne, of the Butterley Iron
Works, Alfreton, in the County of Derby, for the Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY AND APPARATUS FOR THE PREPARATION AND
MANUFACTURE OF IRON AND STEEL."
Sealed the 17th October 1862, and dated, the 26th April 1862.
PROVISIONAL
SPECIFICATION
SPECIFICATION left by the said John Gay Newton
Alleyne at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 26th April 1862.
I, JOHN GAY NEWTON ALLEYNE, of the Butterley Iron Works, Alfreton, in
the County of Derby, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY AND APPARATUS FOR THE PREPARATION AND
MANUFACTURE OF IRON AND STEEL," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object the more expeditious working of wrought
iron or steel, in the processes of hammering, rolling, and trimming,"
gauging" after rolling by cutting. One part of my improvements relates to
the hammering of masses of iron or steel into shape preparatory to rolling, and
consists in arranging two or more steam hammers to act upon one and the same
mass of metal in two or more different directions at the same time. By this
arrangement, firstly avoid the loss of time consequent upon up edging"
heavy masses of iron after being acted upon in one direction by a single
vertical steam hammer as at present constructed, so as to bring it into position
for being acted upon in another direction; secondly, by bringing, for instance,
Price Sd.1
"

page_text: one vertical and two, opposite horizontal steam bammers to act at the same
time upon a mass of iron, to be formed into a girder or joist, or other object
of a similar sectional form, I am enabled to work it down either quite or nearly
to the required sectional form by blows directed simultaneously upon the web
and the two flanges, which operation it is impossible to effect by acting upon
the web and flanges consecutively by means of one vertical steam hammer
alone. Such combinations of steam hammers may be variously arranged
according to the work required to be performed by them. In some cases I give
effect to the blows imparted by those steam hammers that act in horizontal
or nearly horizontal directions, by means of powerful compressed springs
replacing by their action the force of gravity acting upon the vertical hammers;
added to which I in some cases also cause the pressure of the steam to force
the hammers forward; or I sometimes employ the pressure of the steam alone
for this purpose, which arrangement I prefer as being the more simple. I
arrange such horizontal or nearly horizontal hammer blocks, either to slide
upon bars, or to roll upon wheels, or to be held suspended by a combination
of rods so arranged as to constitute a parallel motion," and thus affording
to the hammer block a rectilinear motion, or I impart to the hammer or
hammers a swinging motion, in which case I provide the piston rods of the
steam cylinders with a joint or with a connecting rod. I arrange such
combinations of steam hammers working in several directions, in such a
manner that their action can be regulated either simultaneously or consecutively
either by one and the same person or by several persons. An ordinary
horizontal steam engine with guide bars is in some cases a suitable engine for
working the hammers. In some cases I prefer a truck engine, and there are
cases in which an oscillating engine may be used with great advantage. This
system is applicable to making slabs for boiler plates, armour plates, and for
finishing the latter, also for forging lengths of shafting, and for other similar
work.
"
Another part of my improvements relates to the rolling of iron or steel in rol-
ling mills, after being hammered either by the previously described arrangement
of steam hammers or by any other arrangement. In the Specification of former
Letters Patent granted to me, and bearing date the 4th day of April 1861, (No.
825), for "Improvements in Machinery employed in the Manufacture of Iron,"
I described various arrangements for reversing the motion of rolling mills in
an expeditious manner by the alternate connection and disconnection with
steam engines running in reverse directions. My present improvements consist
in still further perfecting this arrangement by a contrivance enabling me not
only to reverse the motion of the mill quickly, but also suddenly to alter the speed

page_text: of the same, as may be required for the nature of the work to be done; for this
purpose I provide the rolling mill with two or more engines or sets of engines
running at different speeds in one direction, and two or more other engines
or sets of engines running at corresponding speeds in the reverse direction.
These engines or sets of engines are so arranged that if, for instance, the rolling
mill is first required to work with a slow motion, then one set of reversing
engines running at a slow speed is connected to it, and if it is then required
to work with a quicker motion. another set of reversing engines moving at a
greater speed is brought to act upon it: by which arrangement not only is
the time saved which is ordinarily required for changing the gearing to obtain
a quicker or slower motion, but in almost al! cases such gearing may be
entirely dispensed with, and the engines of different speeds be consecutively
connected directly with the rolling mill by means of a clutch apparatus.
some cases where the system of disengaging clutches cannot be advantageously
introduced, which occurs at times when the space is limited. I provide the
rolling mill, for example, with a set of inverted cylinder engines making, say.
fifty revolutions per minute with 3-feet stroke, and with a set of engines
or a single engine working horizontally, and making, say, twenty-five
revolutions per minute, with a 6-fect stroke, and I remove the crank pin or
pins of the first-named set when the second is in gear, and vice versa. In
some cases I employ the above-described arrangements for increasing or
decreasing the speed of rolling mills in an expeditious manner without at the
same time employing the arrangement for reversing the motion of the rolling
mill by different sets of engines, for which the herein-before mentioned Letters
Patent have already been granted to me.
"
In
Another part of my improvements has for its object the more expeditious
"trimming
"
or gauging," by means of circular saws, different lengths of
manufactured iron after they have left the rolling mill.
For this purpose I
mount a small steam engine and circular saw driven by the same on a
framing provided with wheels, and capable of travelling on rails laid on ог
below the floor of the mill. I connect the steam cylinder to the main steam
pipe by means of a jointed pipe consisting of two lengths connected together
at one end by means of a trunnion joint, in such a manner that cach pipe can
move past the other, whilst the other end of each length is attached re-
spectively also by a trunnion joint to the main steam pipe, and to the steam
engine driving the circular saw. By having two such apparatuses arranged
in the before-described manner, and placed on rails in a line with each other,
I am enabled to alter the distance between the circular saws (being the gauge
to which the manufactured iron is to be cut) within a considerable range in

page_text: the most expeditious manner for cutting consecutively different lengths of iron,
as cach carriage carrying the saws can be moved to an extent equal to the
combined length of the two before-mentioned trunnion-jointed steam pipes on
either side of the fixed branch of the main steam pipe to which they are
attached, thus saving the time which is at present requisite for disconnecting
the steam pipe of the engine from one branch of the main steam pipe and
attaching it to another branch whenever the positions of the circular saws
require to be adjusted for cutting different lengths of iron. In some cases I
attach more than two of the before-described trunnion-jointed lengths of pipe
together, so as to afford a still greater range of traverse to the saws. In some
cases I fix the saw frames on beds and slide them along in a similar manner
to the saddle plate and head stocks of an ordinary lathe.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said John Gay Newton Alleyne in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 25th October 1862.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOHN
GAY NEWTON ALLEYNE, of the Butterley Iron Works, Alfreton, in the County
of Derby, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-sixth day of April, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-two, in the twenty-fifth year of
Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto
me, the said John Gay Newton Alleyne, Her special licence, that I, the said
John Gay Newton Alleyne, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such
others as I, the said John Gay Newton Alleyne, my executors, administrators,
and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to
time and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed,
should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United
Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of
Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY AND APPARATUS FOR THE
PREPARATION AND MANUFACTURE OF IRON AND STEEL," upon the condition
(amongst others) that I, the said John Gay Newton Alleyne, my executors
or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or
of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be

page_text: performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent
Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of
the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I. the said John Gay Newton Alleyne, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement thereof, reference being had to the accompanying
Drawings, and to the figures and letters marked thereon (that is to say):-
This Invention has for its object the more expeditious working of wrought
iron or steel in the processes of hammering, rolling, and "trimming
gauging" after rolling, by cutting.
"
or
One part of my improvements relates to the hammering of masses of iron
or steel into shape preparatory to rolling, and consists in arranging one vertical
or nearly vertical steam hammer, and one or more horizontal or nearly hori-
zontal steam hammers to act upon one and the same mass of metal in two or
more different directions at the same time. By this arrangement. I firstly
avoid the loss of time consequent upon "up edging" heavy masses of iron
after being acted upon in one direction by a single vertical steam hammer as at
present constructed, so as to bring it into position for being acted upon in another
direction secondly, by bringing, for instance, one vertical and two opposite
horizontal steam hammers to act at the same time upon a mass of iron to be
formed into a girder or joist, or other object of a similar sectional form, I
am enabled to work it down either quite or nearly to the required sectional
form by blows directed simultaneously upon the web and the two flanges,
which operation it is impossible to effect by acting upon the web and flanges
consecutively by means of one vertical steam hammer alone. Such combi-
nations of steam hammers may be variously arranged, according to the work
required to be performed by them. In some cases I give effect to the blows
imparted by those steam hammers that act in horizontal or nearly horizontal
directions, by means of powerful compressed springs, replacing by their action
the force of gravity, acting upon the vertical hammers; added to which I in
some cases also cause the pressure of the steam to force the hammer forwards;
or I sometimes employ the pressure of the steam alone for this purpose, which
arrangement prefer, as being the most simple. I arrange such horizontal
or nearly horizontal hammer blocks either to slide upon bars, or to roll upon
wheels, or to be held suspended by a combination of rods so arranged as to
constitute a parallel motion," and thus affording to the hammer block a
rectilinear motion; or I impart to the hammer or hammers a swinging
motion, in which case I provide the piston rods of the steam cylinders with a

page_text: joint or with a connecting rod. I arrange such combinations of steam
hammers working in several directions in such a manner that their action can
be regulated either simultaneously or consecutively, either by one and the
same person or by several persons. An ordinary horizontal steam engine with
guide bars is in some cases a suitable engine for working the hammers.
some cases I prefer a trunk engine, and there are cases in which an oscillating
engine may be used with great advantage. This system is applicable to
making slabs for boiler plates, armour plates, and for finishing the latter,
also for forging lengths of shafting and for other similar work.
In
Another part of my improvements relates to the rolling of iron or steel
in rolling mills after being either hammered by the previously described
arrangement of steam hammers or prepared in any other known manner. In
the Specification of former Letters Patent granted to me, and bearing date the
4th day of April 1861. (No. 825), for "Improvements in Machinery employed
in the Manufacture of Iron," I described various arrangements for reversing
the motion of rolling mills in an expeditious manner by the alternate con-
nection and disconnection with steam engines running in reverse directions.
My present improvements consists in still further perfecting this arrangement
by a contrivance enabling me not only to reverse the motion of the mill
quickly, but also suddenly to alter the speed of the same as may be
required by the nature of the work to be done. For this purpose I
provide the rolling mill with two or more engines or sets of engines running
at different speeds in one direction, and two or more other engines or sets
of engines running at corresponding speeds in the reverse direction. These
engines or sets of engines are so arranged that if, for instance, the rolling
mill is first required to work with a slow motion, then one set of reversing
engines running at a slow speed is connected to it, and if it is then required
to work with a quicker motion, another set of reversing engines moving at a
greater speed is brought to act upon it, by which arrangement not only is the
time saved which is ordinarily required for changing the gearing to obtain a
quicker or slower motion, but in almost all cases such gearing may be entirely
dispensed with, and the engines of different speeds be consecutively connected
directly with the rolling mill by means of a clutch apparatus. In some cases
where the system of disengaging clutches cannot be advantageously introduced,
which occurs at times when the space is limited, I provide the rolling mill
for example with a set of inverted cylinder engines, making, say, fifty revo-
lutions per minute, with 3-feet stroke, and with a set of engines, or a single
engine working horizontally, and making, say, twenty-five revolutions per
minute with a 6-feet stroke, and I remove the crank pin or pins of the first-

page_text: named set when the second is in gear, and vice versa.
In some cases I
employ the above-described arrangements for increasing the speed of rolling
mills in an expeditious manner without at the same time employing the
arrangement for reversing the motion of the rolling mill by different sets of
engines, for which the herein-before mentioned Letters Patent have already
been granted to me.
Another part of my improvements has for its object the more expeditious
"trimming" or "gauging," by means of circular saws, different lengths of
manufactured iron after they have left the rolling mill. For this purpose I
mount a small steam engine and circular saw driven by the same on a framing
provided with wheels and capable of travelling on rails laid on or below the
floor of the mill. I connect the steam cylinder to the main steam pipe by
means of a jointed pipe consisting of two lengths connected together at one
end by means of a trunnion joint, in such a manner that each pipe can move
past the other, whilst the other end of each length is attached respectively
also by a trunnion joint to the main steam pipe and to the steam engine
driving the circular saw. By having two such apparatuses arranged in the
before-described manner and placed on rails in a line with each other, I am
enabled to alter the distance between the circular saws (being the gauge to
which the manufactured iron is to be cut) within a considerable range in the
most expeditious manner, for cutting consecutively different lengths of iron
as each carriage carrying the saws can be moved to an extent equal to the com-
bined length of the two before-mentioned trunnion-jointed steam pipes on either
side of the fixed branch of the main steam pipe to which they are attached,
thus saving the time which is requisite for disconnecting the steam pipe of
the engine from one branch of the main steam pipe and attaching it to another
branch whenever the positions of the circular saws require to be adjusted for
cutting different lengths of iron. In some cases I attach more than two of
the before-described trunnion-jointed lengths of pipe together, so as to afford
a still greater range of traverse to the saw. In some cases I fix the saw
frames on beds and slide them along in a similar manner to the saddle plate
and head stocks of an ordinary lathe...
But in order that my Invention may be more easily understood and readily
carried into effect, I will now describe the best means I am acquainted with
of performing the same.
Figures 1 to 5, on Sheet I. of the accompanying Drawings, shew one ar-
rangement of my improved system of combined steam hammers. Figure 1
shews a front elevation with portion of the framing removed; Figure 2
shews a plan; Figure 3 shews a side elevation; Figure 4 shews a back

page_text: elevation; and Figure 5 shews a sectional plan on line Y, Y, in Figure 1;
the same letters of reference indicate the same parts in all the Figures.
In this arrangement one vertical steam hammer A is employed in combina-
tion with two opposite horizontal steam hammers B, B', being so arranged as
all to act simultaneously upon the mass of metal C which is being forged. The
framing D of the vertical hammer A is bridged over the framing E, E',
guiding the horizontal hammers B, B', as shewn more clearly in the side
elevation at Figure 3. The hammers B, B', are actuated by the horizontal
steam cylinders F, F', fixed to the framing E, E'; in order to afford them as
free a motion as possible, these hammers are suspended by means of links a, a,
a', a', from the framing D of the vertical hammer, and as they thereby receive
a slightly swinging motion, they are actuated by means of connecting rods G, G¹,
from the cross heads H, H', of the piston rods I, 1', the rectilinear motion of
which is insured by means of guides J, J', in the usual manner. The hammer
blocks B, B', are formed hollow, as shewn by the dotted lines, and the con-
necting rods G, G', are hinged upon pins g, ', inside them. The hammer
blocks B, B', are guided on either side in their motion by the framing E, E',
in order to prevent their swinging inconveniently sideways. In place of the
links a, a, by which the hammer blocks are shown suspended, I sometimes
employ chains for that purpose. It being intended in the arrangement as
shewn that the three hammers should strike the metal C simultaneously, this
is insured by their being connected together by a system of levers and links,
as shewn, namely the levers K, K', fixed to spindles L, L', carried by the
framing D are attached to the cross heads H, H³, of the horizontal engines,
and have their reciprocating motion imparted to them by means of the links
h, k, l, k; upon the same spindles L, L', are also keyed the levers M, M',
connected by links m, m¹, to one end of the double-ended levers N, N',
attached to the framing D, the other ends of which levers are connected by
means of the links n, n', to the hammer block A. From this arrangement it
will be seen that if the hammer block A, for instance, has a tendency to move
faster than the hammer blocks B, B', then it will drag the latter forward by
means of the connecting levers, and thus assist in their motion and insure
their striking simultaneously with it, and vice versa if the hammer blocks
B, B', have a tendency to move faster than A. As the simultaneous action of
the three hammer blocks necessitates the simultaneous admission of steam to
the three steam cylinders E, E', and O, through which they receive their
motion, I provide for this purpose an arrangement of levers and links, as
shewn in the back elevation at Figure 4, for causing the motion of the valves
P, P, Q, to take place at one and the same time by the manipulation of

page_text: either the lever R or R¹. These levers work on fixed fulcra r, r', attached to
the framing D, one end being connected to the double-ended levers S, S¹, by
means of the links T. T¹. whilst on the other side of the fulcra r, r¹, they are
connected by the links U, U, to the levers V, V₁, fixed on spindles W, W¹,
attached to the framing D. On the same spindles W, W¹, are fixed other
levers X, X, which are connected by the rods Y¹. Y', to the rods of the valves
P. P. and to the other ends of the levers S. S'. is connected the rod to the
valve Q. Thus it will be seen that if to cause the hammers to recede from
their position, as shewn on the Drawing, one of the levers R or R¹ is depressed
from the position shewn in dotted lines into the position shewn in full lines.
it will at the same time cause the simultaneous motion of all the other levers
R¹ or R, S, S¹, V, V¹, X, X', and thereby also of the valves P. P¹, and Q.
The construction of these valves, as also of all other parts of the steam ham-
mers not particularly described, may be of any suitable known arrangement.
and forms no part of my present Invention. Although I have here shewn all
the hammers as striking together, yet I in no way limit myself to such an
arrangement, as in some cases each hammer may be made to strike con-
secutively, in which case the just-described system of levers for moving the
valves would be dispensed with, and each valve would be actuated separately,
The dies Z. Z1, Z2, Z3, attached to the hammer blocks and the anvil are in
this case formed for forging the metal C under operation into a joist or girder,
as shewn; they may, however, be changed for other dies for producing any
other required form. Instead of hanging the hammer blocks B. B', to links
or chains, as in the just-described arrangement, I sometimes provide them with
an arrangement of levers and links constituting a "parallel motion," as shewn
in Figures 6 and 7 on Sheet I., where Figure 6 shews a part front elevation
with a portion of the frames D and E removed, and Figure 7 a transverse
section on line X, X, Figure 6. The double-ended levers a, a, work on the
pins b, b, fixed to either side of the hammer block B. and are connected by the
one end to the forked lever c fixed on the spindle d carried by the framing D,
and by the other end to the levers e, e, fixed to the spindle f, carried by
brackets g, g, fixed to the base plate h. The levers c and e, e, are so arranged
in a well-known manner that whilst moving from the position indicated in full
lines to that indicated by dotted lines, the pins b, b, upon which the levers a, a,
work are caused to move in a straight line, thereby affording the hammer
block B a rectilinear motion, in consequence of which the piston rod I of the
steam cylinder F may be connected directly to the hammer block, as shewn,
without the intervention of connecting rods, as in the first-described arrange-
ment, whereby the advantage is gained of bringing the cylinder F closer to

page_text: the framing D, and making the apparatus more compact. The other parts of
this arrangement are similar to that first-described with reference to Figures
1 to 5, and require no further description.
Figures 8, 9, and 10, on Sheet II. of the accompanying Drawings, shew
another modification of the arrangement of two horizontal and one vertical
hammer. Figure 8 shews a front elevation. Figure 9 shews a plan, and
Figure 10 shows a transverse section through the framing to the horizontal
hammer B. In this arrangement the framing D to the vertical hammer A,
instead of being bridged over the framing E. E', of the horizontal ones B, B¹,
as in the first-described arrangement, is made to overhang the same, as shewn,
and the horizontal hammers B, B', instead of being suspended by links or by
a "parallel motion;" are, in this case, provided with wheels b, b, b', b¹, on
either side, which run upon the framing E. E', and as their motion is thereby
rendered rectilinear, the piston rods I, I', of the steam cylinders F, F', may be
directly and rigidly connected to them, as shewn. In order to prevent the
horizontal hammers B. B', from bounding up from the framing in consequence
of their striking the metal C under operation, they are provided with plates a
bolted to their under side, as shewn in the transverse section at Figure 10,
which plates project underneath the framing E, E, and thus keep the hammers
B, B', down.
In some cases I effect the forward motion of the horizontal hammers B, B',
by means of powerful spiral or other springs, as shewn in dotted lines at G, G',
Figure 8, which springs are compressed by the backward motion of the ham-
mers, or assist the action of the steam during the forward motion by these
springs. The valves P, P, Q. to the steam cylinders F, F¹, O, may be of any
suitable known arrangement, and they may be so arranged as to act simul-
taneously, as in the first-described arrangement, or they may act consecutively.
Figures 1 and 12 shew another modification of the arrangement of one
vertical and two opposite horizontal hammers. Figure 11 shews a sectional
elevation, and Figure 12 shows a plan. In this arrangement the horizontal
hammers B, B¹, receive a swinging motion by being attached to long levers
H, H', suspended from spindles K, K', carried by brackets L, L', attached to the
top of the framing D. The steam cylinders F, F, for actuating these hammers,
are, in this case, arranged as trunk engines, with their connecting rods G, G¹,
hinged at one end to the hammers B, B¹, and at the other end to the centre
of the trunks I, I', by which arrangement I am enabled to bring these cylin-
ders closer to the anvil Z. In order to steady the motion of the hammer
blocks B, B', I form the framing. E, E', as shewn, to act as guides to the
same, and I also provide guides J, J', in the trunks I, I, for the ends of the

page_text: connecting rods G, G¹, to work up and down in. The engines F, F¹, are so
arranged that when the hammers B, B', strike the metal C, the connecting
rods G, G, are in the centre line of the cylinders, and at the same time per-
pendicular to the face of impact, as shewn at the hammer B', whilst, when the
hammer is drawn back, the connecting rods G, G¹, are at an angle to the
centre line of the cylinders, as seen at B, In this arrangement it will be seen
that as the hammers B, B', are somewhat raised when drawn back, the force
exerted by the steam for effecting the forward blow is somewhat increased by
the action of gravity upon the hammers. Instead of fixing the hammers B, B',
rigidly to the levers H, H', they may be hinged to them in a similar manner
to the connecting rods, and the connecting rods may be forked and attached to
pins fixed to either side of the hammers, so as to bring the connection nearer
to the point of impact, or the hammer blocks may be made hollow and the
connecting rods hinged inside them, as shewn in the arrangement at Figure 1,
Sheet I.
1
In some cases I arrange the horizontal hammers as shewn in Figure 13,
in which arrangement the levers H, H', carrying them are hung upon centres
h, h, carried by the framing E, E', below the hammers B, B', instead of
above them, as in the just described arrangement. The steam cylinders F, F¹,
are in this case arranged to oscillate as shewn, and the hammers B, B', are
connected rigidly to the piston rods I, I', the levers H, H', carrying the
hammers being hinged upon the pins b, b', fixed to the sides of the same.
These levers are so arranged, that when the hammers are
are in a vertical position, as shewn at H, whilst, when the hammers are
striking, they are in the position as at H', the striking face of the hammer
being then vertical, and the piston rod horizontal or nearly so. It will be
seen that also, in this arrangement, the hammers fall somewhat in making
the forward motion, thus assisting the effect of the steam by the force of
gravity.
drawn back, they
In Figure 14 is shewn an arrangement of one vertical hammer A com-
bined with one horizontal hammer B, which arrangement is particularly
applicable for forging T. or angle iron, or any other iron of a similar section."
The framing D, carrying the steam cylinder 0 and the vertical hammer A, is
here made to overhang from the opposite side to the horizontal hammer, and
the anvil Z is made of considerable width so as to withstand the one-sided
blow of the horizontal hammer. This latter is attached rigidly to the piston
rod I of the steam cylinder F, and is provided with wheels b, having V-grooves
which run upon the V-rails e on top of the framing E. Grooves a are formed
in the sides of the hammer block B, which work upon projections formed on

page_text: the inside of the framing E, so as to prevent the hammer from jumping up
when the blow is given. The two hammers may be arranged either to strike
simultaneously by a contrivance of levers and valve gear similar to that described
with reference to Figure 1, Sheet I., or they may strike independently of each
other. Any of the other arrangements for working the horizontal hammers,
herein-before described with reference to the combinations of two horizontal
hammers with one vertical hammer may be applied to the combination
of one horizontal and one vertical hammer. In some cases I also employ
combinations of more than two horizontal steam hammers with one vertical
steam hammer, the mode of arranging and working the horizontal hammers
being similar to any of those described with reference to the combinations of
two horizontal and one vertical steam hammer, and requiring no further
description.
Figures 15, 16, and 17, on Sheet III. of the accompanying Drawings, shew
one arrangement of my improved system of working rolling mills by two or
more sets of reversing engines working at different speeds. Figure 15 shews
a plan of so much of the rolling mill as is requisite to describe my Invention,
the greater part of the rolls being omitted; Figure 16 shews a side elevation
of one set of the engines; and Figure 17 shews a part front elevation of the
rolling mill. The same letters of reference indicate the same parts in all the
Figures. In this arrangement the rolling mill A is firstly provided with a
set of reversing engines B, 13', working in contrary directions, as shewn by
the arrows, similar to those described in the Specification to former Letters
Patent already granted to me, as herein-before set forth. These engines,
being intended to work the rolling mill alternately in reverse directions at a
slow speed, have a long stroke, and are connected to cranks C, C', fixed on
the shaft D, D', connected alternately directly to the mill shaft E by means
of the clutch apparatus F, F', which is so arranged that when, for instance,
the clutch F is in gear, the one F is out of gear, and vice versa, which may
be effected by any of the contrivances set forth in the Specification and
Drawings to my former Patent, above alluded to. Secondly, the mill A is
provided with another set of reversing engines G, G¹, of a less stroke, and
moving at a quicker speed than the engines B, B1, and acting on correspond-
ingly smaller cranks H, H', also fixed on the shafts D, D', the engine G
acting in the same direction as B, and the engine G' acting in the same
direction as B'. Upon each of the shafts D, D', are fixed fly wheels I, 1.
From this arrangement, it will be seen that if it is required to work the
mill A at a quick speed, then the short-stroke engines G, G', are connected to
the cranks H, H¹, and the long-stroke engines B, B', are disconnected from

page_text: the cranks C, C¹, whilst, if it is required to work the mill at a slow speed,
then the long-stroke engines B, B₁ are connected to the cranks C, C', and
the short-stroke engines G, G', are disconnected from the cranks H, H', or, in
the latter case, the short-stroke engines may be left connected to their
cranks, as shewn on the Drawing, and worked at a fraction of their ordinary
speed; or if it is required to work the mill with a quick motion in one
direction and with a slow motion in the reverse direction, then a short-stroke
engine may be put in gear at one end of the mill, and a long-stroke engine
at the other end.
In some cases I arrange a pair of long-stroke engines and a pair of short-
stroke engines at either end of the mill, each pair being either made to act
upon one and the same crank, in which case 1 prefer to arrange one engine
of each pair horizontal and the other engine vertical, as shewn by the dotted
lines at B2, B3, G, G³, in Figures 15 and 16, or they may be arranged as
shewn in Figures 18, 19, 20, Sheet III., where Figure 18 shews a part plan,
Figure 19 shews an end elevation of the engines at X, and Figure 20 shews
an end elevation of the engines at Y. In the arrangement at X the pair of
long-stroke engines B', B', are arranged horizontally side by side, and are
connected to separate cranks C¹, C. Opposite each of the engines B¹, B', is
placed a short-stroke engine G, G', and the cranks C', C, are so arranged
that when it is required to work with a quick speed, and consequently to put
the short-stroke engines in gear, the crank pins c¹, c¹, are removed from the
holes a, a, corresponding to the stroke of the engines B', B', and are fixed
in the holes b', b', corresponding to the stroke of the engines G, G', which
are then put in gear. Or, instead of placing the short-stroke engines hori-
zontally, and opposite the long-stroke engines, 1 sometimes arrange them ver-
tically as at Y, where B, B, are the horizontal long-stroke engines, and G, G,
the vertical inserted short-stroke engines.
In working pairs of engines, as just described, instead of single engines, I
sometimes work one engine of each pair with high-pressure steam, and then
allow the same steam to expand in the second engine, as in ordinary com-
pound engines, in which case of course the cylinder of the second engine would
have to be of a greater capacity than that of the first engine, as is well
understood; and in some cases I work the one pair of engines as high-
pressure non-condensing engines, and the other pair as low-pressure condensing
engines, or I employ any other suitable known form of engines.
Figures 21 and 22, on Sheet IV. of the Drawings, shew another arrange-
ment of my improved system of working rolling mills with engines of different
speeds; Figure 21 shews a part plan, and Figure 22 shews an end elevation.

page_text: In this arrangement I provide three pairs of engines working at different
speeds in one direction at one end of the rolling mill, and three other pairs of
engines working in the reverse direction at the other end of the rolling mill.
B, B, B, B', are the horizontal long-stroke engines; H, H, H', H', are the
horizontal medium-stroke engines, and G, G, G', G', are the vertical short-
stroke engines. The cranks C. C, C¹, C', are each provided with three holes
a, b, and d, a, b, d, corresponding with the strokes of each pair of engines,
the crank pins c, c', being fixed in the holes a, a, as shewn, when the long-
stroke engines are in gear, in the holes b, b', when the medium-stroke engines
are in gear, and in the holes d, d, when the short-stroke engines are in gear.
Instead of employing three pairs of engines, three single engines of different
strokes may be used, and each engine may be attached to a separate crank
upon the engine shaft instead of all consecutively to one and the same crank.
In some cases, also, more than three engines or sets of engines working at
different speeds may be employed.
Figures 23 and 24, on Sheet V. of the accompanying Drawings, shew
another arrangement of my improved system of working rolling mills at
different speeds by the alternate connection of two or more different engines.
Figure 23 shews a part plan, and Figure 24 shows an enlarged detail of the
clutch apparatus. In this arrangement the engines (which are not shown on
the Drawing) are vertical and inverted, the slow-speed engines being in gear
with the cranks C, C¹, and working the mill A alternately in reverse directions
by being alternately directly connected to the mill shaft E, the double sliding
clutches F, F', being for that purpose put alternately in gear with the
clutches J, J, fixed upon the engine shafts D, D¹. The quick-speed engines
are in gear with the cranks H, H', fixed on the shafts K, K', upon which
are also fixed the spur wheels L, L, in gear with the spur pinions M, M',
running loose on the mill shaft E.. If it is required to change the speed of
the rolling mill from slow to fast, then the double sliding clutches F, F¹, are
put out of gear with the clutches J, J', and are alternately put in gear with
the clutches m, m³, formed upon the pinions M, M', and these being by this
means virtually fixed on the mill shaft E, this latter is caused to revolve by the
quick-speed engines in gear with the cranks H, H. The arrangement of
the clutch apparatus for this purpose is shewn more clearly in the enlarged
detail at Figure 24, where D' is the slow-speed engine shaft; E, the mill
shaft, the end e of which takes a bearing in the clutch J' fixed on the engine
shaft, brasses being provided for it to work in. The part E' of the mill
shaft, upon which the sliding clutch F' works, is formed square or polygonal,
or with a feather, and the part E2 is cylindrical for the spur pinion M¹ to

page_text: work loose upon. Or, instead of the pinion M' running loose upon the mill
shaft E, I fix the same upon a hollow shaft, as shewn by the dotted lines
at N', running in bearings at n¹ and n', and through which the mill shaft E
passes, receiving a bearing at e' immediately outside the hollow shaft N, and
beyond this the fly wheel.
In order to work the mill with a quick speed from the engine shafts K, K',
the spur wheels L, L'. may either be larger than the pinions M, M', as shewn,
and the cranks H, H, at the same time have a shorter stroke than the
cranks C, C; or the spur wheels L, L, M, M', may be of equal diameter,
and the increased speed be obtained solely by the shorter stroke of the
cranks H, H; or, again. these latter may be made of equal stroke with the
slow-speed cranks C. C¹, and the increased speed obtained solely by the spur
wheels L, L; being made of larger diameter than the pinions M, M¹, as shewn
on the Drawing. It is evident that for both the cranks C and H, or C¹
and H, to cause the mill to revolve in the same direction, they must them-
selves revolve in contrary directions, as shewn by the arrows. The two
engines at C and H, or at C₁ and H', may also be employed as reversing
engines, in which case the cranks C and H, or C and H', would both revolve
in the same direction, as shewn in plan at Fig. 25, Sheet V. The engines
at C and H might then be so arranged as to work the mill at
reverse directions when required, and the engines at C and II
mill at a different speed.
one speed in
to work the
Although I have in all the before-described arrangements shewn my
improved system of working rolling mills alternately at different speeds by
alternate connection with different engines or sets of engines as applied to
my system of reversing rolling mills by different engines or sets of engines,
for which former Letters Patent, herein-before mentioned, have already been
granted to me, yet I in no way limit the application of my present Invention
to such arrangements of reversing engines only, as it may also be applied to
arrangements where the motion of the rolling mill is reversed by one and the
same engine or set of engines.
A contrivance for changing the speed of rolling mills by means of one and
the same engine or set of engines is shewn in Figures 26 and 27, on Sheet V.
of the accompanying Drawings, but I do not claim this arrangement as any
Both
part of the Invention secured to me by the present Letters Patent.
Figures shew a part front elevation of so much of a rolling mill as is requisite
to describe this contrivance. In this case I form the spur pinions A, A', on
the mill shafts B, B', of unequal diameters, the pinion A, which in Figure 26
is on the driving shaft B, being of a larger diameter than the pinion A'; and I

page_text: also make the diameter of the rolls C in the same proportion larger than that
of the rolls C, by which arrangement, although the angular velocities of the
upper and lower rolls are different, yet the circumferential velocities of the
same are equal, and they work correctly together. If now the position of
the pinions A, A', and also of the rolls C, C', be changed from that in
Figure 26 to that in Figure 27, where the smaller pinion A¹ and rolls C¹ are
on the driving shaft B, then it follows that if the engine is working at the
same speed in the second case as it did at first, the circumferential velocity
of the driving pinion A¹ will be less than it was in the first case, and con-
sequently the circumferential velocity of the rolls C, C¹. will be less, or, in
other words, the mill will now work at a so much slower speed as is due to
the difference of the circumference of the rolls C and C¹.
Figures 28, 29, 30, on Sheet IV. of the accompanying Drawings, shew my
improved arrangement for working the circular saws for trimming the lengths
of iron or steel after having been rolled. Figure 28 shews a front elevation,
Figure 29 shows a plan, and Figure 30 shows a side elevation of the apparatus.
Two carriages A, A', carrying each a circular saw B, B', worked by a small
oscillating engine C, C¹, either through frictional gearing D, D¹, as shown,
or by means of pulleys and straps, are arranged to approach or recede from
cach other upon the rails E. E, on the floor of the mill, for altering at pleasure
the distance between the circular saws B, B', to suit the different lengths of
metal to be cut. In order to admit readily of this motion the steam cylinders
C, C', instead of being connected directly to the branches F, F, on the main
steam pipe G, are provided each with a pair of trunnion-jointed pipes H, H,
H, H, one end of which is connected by a trunnion joint to the branches C, C¹,
on the steam engines, whilst the other end is connected also by a trunnion
joint to any of the branches F, F, on the main steam pipe G. By this
arrangement it will be seen that either of the carriages A, A', may be moved
to any distance on either side of the point of attachment to the main steam
pipe G within that, equal to the combined length of the two pipes H, H, and
H, H', that is to say, they may either be brought close together, as shown
by the position of the pipes at the dotted lines I, I, I, I, or they may be
removed from each other to a distance equal to eight times the length of one
of the pipes H or H', without any disconnection from and reconnection to the
main steam pipe G having to be made for that purpose, by which not only is
the time and labour saved in making such disconnections and connections, but
also the variation of the distance between the saws, instead of being limited to
the distance from one branch F on the main steam pipe G to the other, is
unlimited within the bounds above mentioned. In order to balance the weight

page_text: of the trunnion-jointed pipes H, H, H, H, and to support them in their
upright position as shown. I provide a pulley J. J, to each pair. over which
pulleys, chains h, h', attached to the joints of the pipes H, H', pass and receive
balance weights K, K. at the other end. As it is requisite that the pullies.
J, J, should be capable of following the motion of the pipes H, H. when the
carriages A, A, are moved to a considerable distance. I fix these pulleys to
flanged wheels I, L'. running between two rails M, M, fixed to the wall N
of the mill.
Having now described the nature of the several parts of my present Inven-
tion, and the best means I am acquainted with of performing the same, I wish
it to be understood that I do not limit myself to the precise arrangements nor
to the details of the same as shewn on the accompanying Drawings, as they
may be variously modified without departing from the nature of my Invention;
but what I claim is,-
Firstly, the arrangement of direct-acting steam hammers, wherein one
vertical or nearly vertical steam hammer is combined with one or more
horizontal or nearly horizontal steam hammers, to act either simultaneously
or consecutively upon one and the same piece of metal, substantially as hercin-
before described with reference to Figures 1 to 14, on Sheets I. and II. of the
accompanying Drawings.
Secondly, the arrangement of rolling mills, wherein two or more engines or
sets of engines are employed for imparting consecutively two or more different
speeds in the same direction to the rolls. one of the said engines or sets of
engines being put in gear with the rolling mill when a certain speed is
required, and another of the said engines or sets of engines being put in gear
with the rolling mill when another speed is required. substantially as herein-
before described.
Thirdly, the arrangement of rolling mills, wherein two or more sets of
reversing engines are employed, each set of reversing engines running at a
different speed, and one set of the said reversing engines being connected to
the rolling mill when a certain speed is required, and another set of the said
reversing engines being connected to the rolling mill when a different speed
is required. the first-named, set of engines being then disconnected from the
rolling mill, substantially as herein-before described with reference to Figures
15 to 25, on Sheets III., IV., and V., of the accompanying Drawings.
Fourthly, the arrangement of circular saws for trimming the metal after
being rolled, wherein the saws and steam engines driving the same are
mounted on moveable platforms, the engines being connected to the main
steam pipe by a pair or more of trunnion-jointed pipes admitting of the plat-

page_text: forms carrying the saws being moved within certain limits without its being
requisite to disconnect and reconnect the said jointed pipes from and to the
said main steam pipe, substantially as herein-before described with reference
to Figures 28 to 30, on Sheet IV. of the accompanying Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Gay Newton Alleyne, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Twenty-fourth day of October, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-two.
Witness,
C. D. ABEL,
20 Southampton Buildgs.,
Chancery Lane.
J. G. N. ALLEYNE. (L.S.)