Improvement in Jacquard Looms.
Year: 1892

page_text: Date of Application, 9th Dec., 1892
Complete Specification Left, 9th Sept., 1893-Accepted, 21st Oct., 1893
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvement in Jacquard Looms.
I, PETER JENSEN, F.I.P.A. of 77 Chancery Lane in the County of Middlesex,
do hereby declare the nature of this invention (a communication to me from abroad
by Hermann Wenzel of Schoenlinde near Romburg, Bohemia, Austria, Weaving
Mill Manager,) to be as follows:-
This invention relates to an improvement in tie-up-Jacquard-looms for weaving
figured fabrics. The looms of this class hitherto employed, especially when large
designs are desired to be produced, require a great number of cards (made of
cardboard or the like); the main purpose of this invention is to considerably reduce
the number of cards necessary for weaving a design.
Motion is imparted to the working parts of the loom from the mainshaft through
the medium of two eccentrics connected to two levers, an upper and a lower one,
by means of two rods, which impart to said levers a swinging motion. The upper
lever transmits an up and down motion to four rods, two of which are arranged in
front and two in the rear, each pair of said rods being adjustably jointed to a
slotted double segment fixed on a weigh shaft. The four rods accordingly are
made to follow all the movements of the eccentric-rod. The said rods at their
lower ends carry bars which have a sliding up and down motion in guideways of the
frame. The said bars alternately engage, as required by the design to be woven,
the lifting wires, which being provided with two projecting pins or studs are either
lowered by the one bar or lifted by the other bar.
The said lifting wires are connected to a lever mechanism which will be herein-
after described; they serve to operate an alternating variable lifting and lowering
of the tackle carrying the healds with the warp threads engaged therein, namely,
the whole warp of the fabric to be woven. Supposing the loom to be constructed
for 20 tackles, each tackle will have its corresponding lifting wire and 20 tackles
accordingly require 20 wires arranged parallel side by side. The said wires are
operated in the following manner.
Each of the bars carries at both ends a rounded stud engaging with the eye of
the aforesaid rods and also with the eye of similar rods which carry round rods in
guide-ways instead of the bars or blades carried by the first named rods. On one
of the round rods is resting a lever arranged to turn on a fixed shaft. The said
lever is provided with a stud engaging with and fitting loosely in a notch of the
wire whereby the said lever and wire form with each other an elbow lever. By
means of a spring the said lever and wire are so connected together that the said
spring has the tendency to raise the wire into the vertical position. The round
rod has for its purpose to return the wires into their original position after their
having been drawn out, the spring being not strong enough to return the wires.
The swinging throw of the other or lower eccentric operated lever operates two
motions. The said lever is at its free end formed with a slot and is fixed on a shaft
which carries two other levers adjustably jointed to two rulers which rest on guide-
rollers and at one end have an eye with set screw.
Through the said eye passes a shaft which carries the so-called card-cylinder.
It ought to be observed that the said cylinder is loosely mounted and that its shaft
is secured to the eye by the set-screw. To prevent the said cylinder from being
shifted laterally a collar is arranged on the shaft. To one end of the said cylinder
a circular disc is secured provided with four studs which are intended to engage
with a hook arranged to turn on a pivot. The said quadrangular card cylinder
carries on each of its sides for instance five rows of 20 perforations each. By the
throws of the aforesaid lower lever the rulers will be shifted either to the left or to

page_text: the right. In the forward movement of the rulers, the hook engaging with one of
the studs gives the cylinder one quarter of a revolution, whereby another side or
card of the cylinder is placed opposite the needles. The said needles are carried
by a table; they consist of little wire-rods, each rod having a head. When the
rulers are moving to the right the cylinder is being pressed with its full length
against the needles. Where the said needles meet with a perforation of the card
on the cylinder they freely pass into the hollow inside of the cylinder, and in
consequence, the respective lifting wires, corresponding with the said needles,
remain in their position where they are struck by the blade or bar aud forced
down, whereby the tackle is lifted. Those needles which do not meet with a
perforation of the card are shifted to the right by the said card bearing against the
needle; the lifting-wire thereby is brought into engagement with the second blade
or bar which lifts the wire and accordingly, lowers the tackle by means of the
aforesaid elbow lever.
The number of cards in the usual construction of looms is very considerable,
especially if the design to be produced is of some extent; every single card must
be stamped out of card board, which is a proceeding requiring much time and
expense. The needle support in the construction of looms hitherto employed
is fixed.
According to this invention the said table or support is fixed to a slotted fork
capable of being lifted and lowered by means of a cam and guided by a roller.
The said cam is constructed and arranged to take five different positions, each step
or position corresponding to one row of perforations of the card cylinder. If for
instance the said cam is stopping with one step below the guide-roller the table
will be held in position just opposite the lowest row of perforations. If on the
contrary the said cam has its highest point or step resting below the guide-roller
the table holds its position opposite the uppermost row of perforations. The said
cam is keyed to a shaft engaged by the slotted end of the fork. On both sides of
the table guides are provided. The cam shaft is operated by a lever on the afore-
said lower lever and a pawl hook adjustably jointed thereto engaging with the pins
of a sprocket-wheel whereby the said cam shaft is turned.
It will be obvious that owing to the arrangement before described of the
number of cards hitherto necessary for producing a design may be spared. In the
known constructions of looms the card cylinder is made to turn shot by shot,
because every card corresponds to a shot. In the present construction the card
cylinder remains at rest during shots and at every shot the table or needle-
support is lifted by one step corresponding to the distance apart of two rows of
perforations. If for instance, a design is being woven which requires 500 shots of
the shuttle 500 cards have hitherto been necessary to perform such design. But in
the present improved construction only 100 cards, that is, one fifth of the number
are required, because each card answers to 5 shots of the shuttle, the needle support
being lifted by one step for every shot to take its position opposite another row of
perforations.
In producing one and the same crossing the card-cylinder need not be turned at
all, a single card is sufficient, the rows of perforations of which correspond to the
kind of cross-weaving to be performed. The said rows of perforations are brought
into their required positions opposite the needles by lifting and lowering the needle-
support, which lifting and lowering may be repeated as often as desired. The
needle cylinder need only be turned and a change of cards performed if the kind
of cross weaving is desired to be changed. By this means not only a considerable
economy of material but also of time is obtained. For producing a small design a
durable material such as sheet metal may be employed for the cards. The cylinder
may be arranged to work backwards and forwards.
In order to enable the improved loom to be employed for different kinds of
weaving, that is, for different kinds of crossing such as plain fabric, ribbed and
diagonally lined fabrics, an auxiliary apparatus is employed which may be put in
and out of use as desired.

page_text: If for instance five different crossings are desired to be produced in a piece of
work such as weft-satin, warp-satin, left hand tweel, right hand tweel and pointed
tweel, each of the said five kinds of cross weaving requires but one single card, by
the aid of the improved auxiliary apparatus which consists of a chain mechanism
as hereinafter described.
On a slotted lever is mounted a ten-angled sprocket wheel to which a small
toothed wheel is fixed. On the same lever another toothed wheel is mounted,
adjustable in a slot of said lever. Around the said two toothed wheels passes an
endless chain which determines the kind of cross-weaving to be performed. On
the one tooth wheel there is a pawl hook loosely resting. The extension of said
hook serves as a support for another pawl hook pivoted on a stud. The latter
pawl hook is arranged to slide on a little cam in such a manner that when the first
named pawl hook takes its vertical position and the last named pawl hook is
supported by the same, the said latter hook is thereby prevented from dropping on
the can.
But as soon as the first pawl hook is being turned on its pivot, whereby
its upper part is swung to the right the second pawl hook will fall down upon the
cam and continue to rest upon the same till the highest point of said cam lifts and
returns it to its former position.
The said auxiliary apparatus works as follows:
It receives motion by means of a pin which pin engages in a known manner with
the studs on the sprocket wheel whereby the latter is turned. The sprocket wheel
carries along with it the toothed wheel which gives motion to the endless chain.
The said chain has links which as the kind of cross weaving requires is provided
with projecting pins or lugs. Whenever one of said links comes during the rotating
motion of the chain, to strike the extension piece of the first pawl hook the said
hook as a whole is forced to turn to the right, whereby the second pawl hook is
set free to drop on the lowest point of the cam. Now as the said second pawl
hook is connected by a cord to the aforesaid hook at the card cylinder the said
hook will drop and engage with one of the studs of the card-cylinder whereby the
card cylinder is turned, in consequence of which the crossing becomes changed.
The said second pawl hook continues to rest on the cam till the latter again lifts
said pawl hook up to the first pawl hook whereby the card cylinder hook becomes
free of the studs of the cylinder, that is, no design will be woven, because the
cylinder is not turned and the fabric is continued to be woven in the same kind of
crossing. By means of the said auxiliary apparatus connected with the mechanism
before described, plain and fancy-figured fabrics may be produced as desirer or
united in one work. The plain work is woven as long as the card-cylinder is not
turned, namely, as long as its book is held out of engagement with the said card-
cylinder. The holding out of engagement is obtained by the following device.
The hook and its actuating mechanism are made inoperative by turning the slotted
lever which is hinged to the frame near the tooth wheel towards the outside,
thereby removing the endless chain from the sprocket wheel and pin. As long as
the said slotted lever is not thus made inoperative the work continues to be woven
with a design as the card-cylinder is being turned as described.
The length of said chain should be variable according to the crossings of the
design to be woven in order to vary said length; the outer tooth wheel is adjustably
secured in the slot of lever.
In order to hold the cam firmly in each of its five steps or positions, a ratchet-
wheel is mounted on its shaft which wheel is engaged by a spring holding the shaft
in each of its five steps or positions.

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvement in Jacquard Looms.
1 PETER JENSEN F.I.P.A. of 77 Chancery Lane in the County of Middlesex
do hereby declare the nature of this invention (a communication to me from
abroad by Hermann Wenzel of Schoenlinde near Romburg Bohemia Austria,
Weaving Mill Manager) and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
The present invention relates to improvements in weaving dobbies with the
object of reducing the necessary number of cards for producing any particular
pattern. Jacquards as at present constructed require a large number of cards to
produce a large design, as only one row of perforations of each card can be used
for the same pattern.
Certain machines have already been constructed to avoid this defect, in which
the needles are brought opposite to the various rows of perforations in one card
successively, the card-cylinder turning only when all the rows have come
into use.
The present machine uses a similar displacement of the needles and further a
new mechanism for engaging and disengaging the turning clutch of the card
cylinder.
In the accompanying drawings:
Fig. 1 represents a general view of the tie-up Jacquard-looms seen from the
working side of the loom.
Fig. 2, the eccentric for lifting and lowering the needle board.
Fig. 3, front view of the raising mechanism for the needle board.
Fig. 4, a side view of the machine.
Fig. 5, the card prism in side view.
Fig. 6, a pattern card.
Fig. 7, a schematic view of the tie-up Jacquard looms with a loom.
Fig. 8, a front view of the pressing plates.
Fig. 9, a side view of the raising mechanism for the needle board.
Figs. 10 and 10 plan and elevation respectively of the pattern chain.
Figs. 11 and 12, two detail views of the raising fingers which serve for the
interchanging.
H W is the main driving shaft of the shaft, from which the levers k, seated on
the fixed shaft 3 are actuated by means of well-known intermediate organs, such as
eccentric b, rod e, lever d, double-levers f f¹, rods g g', blades h h', lifting-wires i
and the parts connecting these to the machine, for instance shaft w, lifting
wires i, 2, guides 92, springs 2 and rods or bolts ³; when a second group of parts,
namely the card cylinder m rotated by the clutches W₁ H¹ and W2 W seated on
pivots no me, and actuated by eccentric b¹ rod c', levers d¹ and d³ and slides
running on rollers, and the needles n¹ of the needle-board n are brought into
action with one another in the well-known manner. Shafts W are, as is also
already known, lifted or lowered by means of counter levers k³.
In the present invention the rotation of the card cylinder after every weft, is
avoided by bringing the needles successively from one to the other row of per-
forations of the card. A great economy in pattern cards is the result, while each
card can be used for all the wefts of one pattern, it being only necessary to turn
the cylinder when a new pattern is to be made, or when there are more wefts to
the pattern than rows of perforations in a card. In order to be able to effect this,
I provide, besides the arrangement for displacing the needle-board, a special
arrangement for engaging and disengaging the turning clutches.
The needle-board n is provided with a split lifting rod St, which can rise and
sink on an eccentric E³ by means of a guide roller R, Fig. 3. The eccentric is
attached to a shaft w². The rod St passes over this shaft by means of its slit.

page_text: Guides n are also provided at both ends of the table. (Fig. 3 and 4). Shaft w²
receives its motion through a lever p (Fig. 1) and clutch W H³ (Fig. 1 and 3),
which gears in a pin-wheel p² on shaft w³ (Fig. 1, 3 & 4).
The eccentric E³ (Fig. 2) has so many steps as rows of perforations are provided
in the card, and for each weft one of these steps is brought under the guide
rollers R, in order to bring the needles n in their proper position against the card
cylinder. If the eccentric E³ is with its lowest step 1, under roller R, then the
needles are opposite the lowest row of perforations, and so on with the second, third
and other rows.
If more or less than six rows of perforations are present then other eccentrics E
must be attached to the shaft w³, for which reason it is advisable to make the
eccentrics in two parts. It will then be necessary to have a different angular
rotation of shaft w³ for each eccentric by clutch W³ H³. In order to be able to
effect this for a number of eccentrics by means of one pin-disc p³, this latter is
provided with so many concentric rows of holes as there are eccentrics, and each
row has as many holes as the corresponding eccentric has steps. The row of holes
on disc p2 which comes into use is filled out with bolts, behind which the
clutch W H³ catches, whilst the other rows of holes remain free. In Fig. 3 three
concentric rows with six, five and four holes are shown so that here the machine'
can be operated with three sizes of eccentrics.
For the eccentric E³ as many pression discs S¹ S' S³ are attached to shaft w² as
eccentrics are used (Fig. 8), and each disc has so many pressure surfaces as the
corresponding eccentric has steps for the roller R. On one surface presses a
pressure lever H held down by a spring F'. This lever turns and slides on a long
frame-pivot 63 so that it can be pushed over the disc at the moment in operation.
The spring F' hereby receives a more or less inclined position and is slightly
extended.
After every weft the eccentric E³ receives a rotation from the main shaft H W
through the eccentric rod c¹, lever d'p and clutch W3 H³, so that the needle-board
is lifted by a step by step motion. As soon as this has occurred, the needle-board
falls back to its lowest position after the next turn of the eccentric, and the pattern
is either then repeated without a rotation of the cylinder taking place, or another
pattern is produced for which a rotation of the cylinder is necessary, bringing
another card before the needles. This is done by the following feeding-device.
On the needle-board-eccentric shaft w³ are seated, outside the frame near the
weavers stand, one high and one lower eccentric E2 and E' cast in one piece,
(Fig. 1, 4, 11 and 12). On the lower eccentric E' is an arm v¹ which is firmly
connected to a lever Z behind the arm v². Lever Z sits loosely on the driving
shaft and is connected by a draw-rod o² and the wire o with the two
clutches H W₁ and H2 W2. At the same time the arm 2 which carries a finger F.
is hinged to lever Z. Usually the two arms and 2 are under the influence of
the little eccentric E' (Fig. 11) and the lever Z is held up by the arm &¹, or, if
the eccentric E' comes with its lower surface under the arm », by a special
lever u (Fig. 1) in such a manner that the two clutches W' H' and W2 H2 are out
of gear with the pins m³ of the cylinder disc m².
If a rotation of the cylinder is to be made, then the feeding-device proper comes
into effect.
A link-chain is led over two chain-wheels s¹, s, of which the one sits together
with a polygonal feeding-disc on an axle (Fig. 4). This axle is immoveably fixed
in a slot bar whilst the axle for the other wheel s¹ has a moveable bearing in the
slot of the bar q, so that different lengths of chain with especial link-arrangements
can be used when required. The bar q can be turned on the centre s on the frame
in order to bring the link-chain device in relation with the clutch operating
mechanism described above.
The links of the chain are made in the forms, 1, 2 and 3 as shown in Fig. 10
and these links are led past two buttons, teach slightly under the influence of a
small helical spring as soon as the chain is set in motion. This is effected by

page_text: ""
means of a bolt p', attached to the disc p², which, during each rotation of the
disc p, turns the polygon disc the length of one link, when the link-chain device
is in relation with the clutch mechanism. In order to prevent the polygon disc r
unduly rotating, a spring 7, is laid against its circumference. If a link 1 passes
the buttons 1, 2, these latter are not moved and the position of the clutches remains
unaltered.
But if a link 2 now passes the button t¹, the same is pushed back, button t¹ bears
against supporting lever u¹, and consequently presses this away from under the
lever Z. The lever is then only supported on the lower eccentric E' and when its
lowest surface comes under the arm ', the lever Z sinks and the upper clutch W¹ H'
gears behind a pin m³ of the cylinder m. If the cylinder is now withdrawn from
the row of needles, it receives a rotation in a forward sense and a new pattern card
takes its position before the needles. If on the other hand, a link of the form 3,
comes against button t², then the lever u² carrying the button presses the finger F
of the arm and consequently arm itself, forward. Arm 2 comes in contact
with the larger eccentric E2 (Fig. 12) which on its part raises the lever Z and the
clutch WH2. The lower clutch W2H2 gears then behind a pin m³ of the cylinder
which is then turned backwards during its horizontal movement. By this means a
card which has already been used is brought before the row of needles..
The arrangement of the links of the chain to be used is according to the pattern
to be produced and the feeding device r, s, s¹, q is only then in use when several
patterns are to be produced, that is when several pattern cards are required, or
when the wefts in one pattern are more numerous than the rows of perforations in
one card so that another card must be used. If however, the feeding device is not
required to be used, the slotted bar q is turned on s in such a fashion that the polygon
disc no longer stands in relation with the bolt p¹.
The spring on the draw-rod o² gives a certain elasticity to the clutches.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is :-
:-
A weaving dobby with automatically adjustable needle-board and with automatic
regulating arrangement, by which the engaging and disengaging of the clutches
for the cylinder is effected by two eccentrics E' and E' seated on the needle board
eccentric shaft t², in such a manner that these eccentrics actuate the clutch lever Z
under the influence of a link chain s2, substantially as and for the purpose herein
described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Dated the 9th day of Santambor 1803
JENSEN & SON,
77, Chancery Lane, London, W.C., Patent Agents.