Improvements in Machines or Apparatus for Coating with Varnish, Gum, Size, Paste, or the like Adhesive Substance, Paper, Card- board, or other Flexible Material.
Year: 1898

page_text: Improvements in Machines or Apparatus for Coating with Varnish,
Gum, Size, Paste, or the like Adhesive Substance, Paper, Card-
board, or other Flexible Material.
I, ALEXANDER HERVEY SEGGIE, Broughton Market, Edinburgh, Engineer, do
hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
This invention relates to machinery, or apparatus for coating with varnish,
gum, size, paste, or the like adhesive substances, the surfaces of paper, card-
board, or other flexible material, & it has for its object improvements in con-
struction as set forth hereinafter.
The machine is constructed on the continuously revolving cylinder principle.
In suitable framework I erect a revolving cylinder, fitted with one or more sets
of grippers, or gripping apparatus, each set, or apparatus being mounted on one
spindle & operated by means of a quadrant & pinion wheel for the taking &
delivery of the sheets of material at certain positions of the revolution, the quad-
rant being acted on by cams. The sheets are delivered to a set of grippers, or
gripping apparatus, carried on pitch chains, worked by gear, in conjunction and
exact correspondence with the movement of the material on the cylinder. These
grippers, which are also acted on by cams, receive the sheet, carry it forward and
deposit it, coated face up, on a continuous, travelling, gear driven band, of any
convenient length, carried on rollers running in the framework and in stan-
dards and which may be exposed to heat, or currents of air, so that the coated
sheets are partially dried before being taken away by attendants from the end
of the band. The machine is provided with fast and loose driving pulleys, with
belt striking apparatus attached to a bracket, swinging on the boss containing
the bearing for their journal, thus adapting itself to any angle at which the
belt may come & with the striker handle and stops reversible should the belt
require it.
The liquid adhesive substance is contained in a vessel or well, airtight, pro-
vided with a filler, with stop cock and communicating, from its lower portion
with a trough placed under or against the cylinder, by means of a tube, or pas-
sage, provided with a stop cock. The well and its connections are so arranged
that with atmospheric pressure the liquid in the trough, when communication
is open, stands at a convenient level, and also so arranged at the proper angles
and with the proper diameters of connection that when the liquid falls below
the desired level air bubbles enter the passage and thence the well causing the
exit of the necessary liquid and no more thus maintaining automatically the
desired level in the trough without danger of either overflow or absence of liquid.
Externally the well is furnished with a sight gauge showing the quantity of liquid
in the well by means of a glass tube. The trough slides in and out on rails
with planed surfaces and is removeable with all its gear and contents of rollers

page_text: -
so that a duplicate containing a different adhesive substance may be substituted
instantaneously and locked in position. In the trough is placed a revolving and
reciprocating roller covered with brass, the reciprocating action being main-
tained, or not as desired by the operator and as suits the nature of the substance
being employed. In contact with this roller, over it, but with the top of the
under roller above the bottom-surface of the upper, is a rubber covered roller
which comes in contact with the material to be coated when the cylinder brings
that round. The cylinder is covered with a blanket, which again is covered
with a waterproof material somewhat within the size of the material to be coated.
The rubber roller is fixed in moveable bushes in brackets forming sides to the
trough, the bushes being held to stops by springs and adjustable by means of
screws, thus adjusting the pressure of the contact of this roller with the materials
carried on the circumference of the cylinder. This contact is broken instan-
taneously by the operator when desired by reason of a misfeed or otherwise by
means of a foot or hand lever or similar device, operating through mechanism
on eccentrics on a shaft acting on pins piercing the adjusting screws.
eccentrics by means of the pins push the bushes against their springs which thus
carry the rubber roller clear of the cylinder surface and of the material carried
on it. The roller returns exactly to its place when the pressure is removed or
á check may be provided to keep out of contact until the check is removed.
By the above, or the like means, the coating roller is prevented from smearing
when no material is in the gripper, or when a sheet has been misfed and also
after the roller has been put clear it is thus secured that it returns again instan-
taneously and without readjustment to its former exact position in relation to
the surface of the cylinder, the maintenance of which is essential to uniform and
perfect coating. The under roller is adjustable by means of eccentric bushes and
both are driven by gearing with their surfaces at exactly the same speed at
which the material to be coated is travelling.
Dated this Sixteenth day of February 1898.
The
ALEXANDER HERVEY SEGGIE.
Improvements in Machines or Apparatus for Coating with Varnish,
Gum, Size, Paste, or the like Adhesive Substance, Paper, Card-
board, or other Flexible Material.
I, ALEXANDER HERVEY SEGGIE, Broughton Market, Edinburgh, Engineer, do
hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the follow-
ing statement:
This invention relates to machinery, or apparatus for coating with varnish,
gum, size, paste, or the like adhesive substances, the surface of paper, card-
board, or other flexible materials and it has for its object improvements in con-
struction as set forth hereinafter.
The machine is constructed preferably on the continuously revolving cylinder
principle as shown, whereby a quieter running, more durable and economically
driven machine is obtained. By an arrangement of cams, and grippers the
paper, or other material after being fed from table f, Figure 1, is not touched by
hand, until one of its surfaces is coated; and it is delivered on a continuously
travelling band or conveyor.
Referring to the accompanying drawings, Figure 1, being a side elevation and

page_text: Figure 2 an end elevation, in suitable framework, preferably of metal, A, a
horizontal cylinder C is mounted, revolving continuously in one direction, as
arrow, and fitted with one or more sets of grippers G, Figs. 1 and 3, each set
or apparatus being mounted on one spindle & Fig. 3, which is actuated by cam
or cams, through a sector S and pinion m. If more than one gripper apparatus
is desired it would be placed opposite the first at G₁ Fig. 1 thus dividing the
circumference of cylinder C, into equal portions. If more than two gripper
apparatuses are used, the circumference of cylinder C, would still be divided
into equal portions. If two or more gripping apparatuses are provided, an equal
number of cams are necessary, to actuate each apparatus, unless these cams are
joined in one piece. By, these means the grippers take the paper, or other
material, and release it at the proper time and position, in the course of the
revolution of cylinder C, after it has been coated as hereafter described. The
paper, or other material, taken from feed board f, by grippers G, on cylinder C,
simultaneously with being released by grippers G, is caught by grippers Y,
(when the latter meets the former as they are geared and adjusted to do) which
are a set of grippers, or gripping apparatus mounted on a spindle a Fig. 3,
carried on machine cut chains ZZ Fig. 2 worked by gear p Fig. 2 in conjunction
with cylinder C, and so that chains ZZ and grippers Y, travel at the same speed
as the grippers G, Fig. 1 and 3. The chains ZZ must each be of a length equal
to the circumferential measurement of the cylinder wheel D. The cylinder
wheel D drives pinion p Fig. 2 which is mounted on the same spindle q that
carries the chain wheels r. The chain wheels are the same diameter as pinion p.
The grippers Y, are also actuated by cams, t and u Fig. 3 take the paper, or
other material, from grippers G, carry it until it reaches the end of flyer
bracket b, when it is released and deposited coated side up, on the continuously.
travelling gear driven conveyor d, Fig. 1 which may be of any convenient
length, and is carried on rollers running in framework A and in standards, or
supports, placed at intervals according to its length, the end support e, being
shewn Figure 1. The conveyor d, may be exposed to heat, or currents of air,
so that the coated material may be more completely dried, before being taken
away by attendants from the end of d. The machine is used preferably with
the conveyor and chain grippers, but these may be dispensed with, where the
space is limited, and the coated material taken direct, by an attendant from
grippers G. In either case the coated material is taken thereafter to any con-
venient rack to harden, but preferably is placed on moveable racks as Fig. 6
and 7 erected on a trolley bottom, v, and fitted with superimposed trays w. or
hanging rods, or clips, the trays having bottoms of netting, or suchlike.
d Fig. 1 is geared to travel at or about the necessary speed, to provide space on
it for the maximum sized sheets, the particular size of machine is designed for
without any considerable interval of waste space on its surface. I also arrange
for the conveyor d running at varying speeds, so that it may be made to travel
more slowly, when sheets are being coated smaller in length than the capacity
of the machine, and this in order to keep the sheets as long as possible on the
conveyor d, and thus obtain better drying before the sheets are handled.
accomplish this end by providing change gear at E Fig. 1 for driving
conveyor d, or by driving it by means of a varying speed apparatus, such as
cone pulleys, or friction discs, or such like convenient means thus varying the
speed of conveyor to suit size of material being coated.
C
I
On the end of cylinder C, and preferably within the framework A, I bolt a
spur wheel D, Figure II. which is driven by pinion E, Figure 1, on the driving
shafi F. A special helt striking arrangement is provided, so as to take the beit
coming to the machine at any angle. Fig. 4 is secured to boss on frame,
and can be released and swung to any desired position. This arm g, carries
handle h, carrying the belt forks, which can also be worked by a foot, or hand
lever, close to the feeding attendant, as Fig. 4 and connected to handle h, or
by any similar arrangement actuating the belt forks to the like effect; the

page_text: .
boss a carrying g, contains the bearing for the shaft F, carrying the driving
pulleys yy Fig. 2 and the machine is provided with either fast and loose driving
pulleys, or pulleys and clutch, or for electric driving the striker handle and
stops are reversible. The cylinder C, Fig. 3 is covered with a blanket, or pack-
ing the same size as the material to be coated, this is covered with a thin
waterproof material and the grippers G closing above both waterproof, and
blanket at the edge of the cylinder gap, hold the material to be coated, which
being thus raised above the surface of cylinder C, alone receives the coating.
Where one edge only is to be coated, to the blanket, or packing, or surface of
cylinder C, a strip is fixed to raise this edge above the rest of the band of material
to be coated, which is held to the cylinder and clear of roller K by pad, brush,
or springs, or the same purpose may be effected by cams acting on roller
bracket H Fig. 1 so as to bring the roller K into contact with material being
coated, only at the desired place. The adhesive substance is contained in an
atmospheric drum, or well W Fig. 2 with filler and stop cock and inclined
bottom pipe X with stop cock. W is connected by means of this inclined
pipe to the box, or trough B, and so long as there is a sufficient supply of the
liquid in the well W, that vessel. being airtight, except through the pipe X, it
keeps itself, under atmospheric pressure, automatically, within narrow limits,
at a constant level in the box B, the connecting pipe X being so arranged in its
proportions and inclination, that as the level of the liquid coating substance
fails below a fixed point in box B, an air bubble at that moment travels along
the inclined pipe X, enters the drum, or hydrostatic well W, and displaces a
quantity of the coating substance, which finds its way to the box B, restoring
instantly the level of the liquid there. This level is thus maintained equally,
when the machine is in motion and when it is at rest, when a large or thick film
is being obtained, or when a small or thin film is being obtained, without any
regulation on the part of the attendants and without the employment of springs,
or other mechanical contrivances. The well W, being a closed vessel checks
evaporation, and also reduces danger from fire. The well W, is provided with
a gauge glass, to indicate the amount of coating substance contained; the
bottom stopcock is only in use when changing, cleaning, or emptying box B,
which it is useful to have in duplicate for different substances. The box B,
is removeable and is placed below cylinder C, and resting on ledges on the
framework A; it is shaped to its contained rollers so that the least possible
coating substance is exposed to the atmosphere. In the box B, I arrange a set
of rollers K and L, revolving in bushes carried on brackets H, on the ends of
box B. The top roller K, I cover with a slightly elastic substance, such as
rubber, driving it preferably direct by a spur pinion wheel fixed to it and gear-
ing with spur wheel D Fig. 2 on end of cylinder C. This roller K gears, and is
in close contact with, a second and lower L, also running in bushes carried in
the same brackets H, and with its lower surface running in a bath of the coating
substance, thus transmitting a film of the coating substance, to the top roller K,
the thickness of which film, can be regulated to any degree by means of screws P,
on ends of the carrying brackets. The top roller K, in turn transmits the film
to the material to be coated, when the cylinder C, brings that round into contact
with roller K. The brackets which carry the rollers KL are pressed by
springs O, and thus hold the top of roller K, to the material held on cylinder C.
The brackets H, rest against adjustable stops k, Fig. I so that the pressure of
roller K, against the material being coated, can be regulated. The roller L, is
preferably covered with brass, or suchlike substance, and has a reciprocating
lateral motion when desired. The contact of roller K, with the packing on
cylinder C, is broken instantaneously by the operator when desired by means
cf hand. or foot levers V, thus preventing smearing the packing in case of a mis-
feed, and consequent stoppage of the machine, the foot or hand levers, or similar
devices, being connected by rod U, to levers T, which in turn actuate the
brackets carrying the rollers KL. As soon as the foot, or hand lever is released,

page_text: the brackets return to their former position, the maintenance of which is essen-
tial to perfect work. The mechanism of the foregoing may be effected indiffer-
ently, in many ways, so that the end is secured of instantaneously removing
roller K from the position where it will smear the cylinder covering in the event
of a misfeed. An alternative method is by running the under roller L, in eccen-
tric bushes, fixed in the end of box B, and the upper roller K, in bushes which
slide along horizontal guides. By this method also the lower roller is adjustable
to any degree of contact with the upper roller, while the latter is free to move
away from the cylinder covering, when acted on by suitable mechanism, from a
foot, or hand lever, as for example eccentrics and pins, the roller being so placed
and arranged in reference to the cylinder, that when acted on by the pins and
reacting springs, it approaches and retires from the cylinder surface, being also
provided as before with adjustable stops, to regulate the position when in contact
to a constant fixed position. The foot, or hand lever, in any case is provided with
a check, to enable the attendant to keep the upper roller K, fixed clear of the
cylinder packing, for any desired interval, without the attendant requiring to
retain hold, of the foot, or hand lever. In any case, I make box B, so that it
can easily be removed, a duplicate substituted, or rollers taken out, and all
substances cleaned.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim is:-
1. The apparatus for coating the surface of paper, cardboard, or other flexible
material, with varnish, gum, size, or other adhesive substance, substantially as
described and illustrated.
2. In a machine for coating the surface of paper, cardboard, or other flexible
material, with varnish, gum, size, or other adhesive substance, the combination
of the cylinder C, moveable box or trough B, rollers K and L, automatic supply
atmospheric well W, inclined pipe X, roller contact actuating apparatus H. T,
U. V. O, grippers G, Y, conveyor d, and belt striker g, h, substantially as and
for the purposes described and illustrated.
3. In a machine for coating the surface of paper, or other flexible material,
with varnish, gum, size, or other adhesive substance, an automatic supply atmos-
pheric well, whereby a constantly approximately uniform level of coating sub-
stance, is maintained in box B, containing the roller or rollers for applying the
same to the flexible material, by the action of the atmosphere, the level being
maintained equally when the machine is in motion, and when it is at rest, when
a large or thick film is being obtained, or when a small, or thin film is being
obtained substantially as and for the purposes described and illustrated.
4. In a machine for coating the surface of paper, or other flexible material,
with varnish, gum, size, or other adhesive substance, apparatus whereby the
roller depositing the coated film, on the flexible material, may be instantane-
ously put clear of, or into exact contact with the cylinder packing, substantially
as and for the purposes described and illustrated.
5. In a machine for coating the surface of paper, or other flexible material,
with varnish, gum, size, or other adhesive substance, apparatus for varying the
speed of the conveyor, to obtain its maximum drying power, substantially as
and for the purposes described and illustrated.
Dated this Eighth day of November 1898
"
ALEXANDER HERVEY SEGGIE.