A NEW OR IMPROVED COMBINED COKE OVEN AND HOT BLAST OVEN OR APPARATUS
Year: 1863

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James M.Ewen, of Lays' Foundry, near Brierley
Hill, in the County of Stafford, Iron Founder and Coke Manufacturer,
for the Invention of "A NEW OR IMPROVED COMBINED COKE OVEN AND HOT
BLAST OVEN OR APPARATUS."
Sealed the 16th February 1864, and dated the 17th September 1863.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James M°Ewen at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 17th
September 1863.
I, JAMES MCEWEN, of Lays' Foundry, near Brierley Hill, in the County
of Stafford, Iron Founder and Coke Manufacturer, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "A NEW OR IMPROVED COMBINED COKE OVEN
AND HOT BLAST OVEN OR APPARATUS," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists of a new or improved combined coke oven and
hot blast oven or apparatus constructed in the manner herein-after described,
whereby the heat generated by the coking process is conducted to the blast
oven, and made to circulate about and heat the blast pipes therein. I
build a series of the said combined coke ovens and hot blast ovens side by
side, but for convenience of description I will only describe a single com-
bined coke oven and hot blast oven, as each combined oven of the series
exactly resembles the other. The body of the coke oven is of the ordinary
construction, and underneath the said body the hot blast oven is situated. The
said hot blast oven consists of a large horizontal chamber of about the area

page_text: of the floor or bottom of the coke oven, in which said chamber a series of
longitudinal blast pipes a short distance apart is placed, the tops of the blast
pipes supporting the floor of the coke oven. The said blast pipes divide the
horizontal chamber into a series of narrow flues. At the back of the hot blast
oven, and below the level of the blast pipes, is the blast main which conducts
the blast to the blast pipes of the oven. A pipe conducting the blast is fixed
to one end of the blast main and another pipe at the opposite end of the said
main conveys the heated blast to the blast furnace or elsewhere. The blast
pipes in the oven are divided by horizontal divisions into two passages
opening into one another, and the blast main is divided by a vertical division
into two passages. The open ends of the passages of the blast pipes com-
municate respectively with the two divisions of the blast main, that is,
one division of each of the blast pipes opens into one division of the
blast main, and the other division of each of the blast pipes opens into the
other division of the blast main. The blast is supplied to one of the divisions
of the main, and by means of a stop or plate therein between each oven the
blast is made to circulate through the divided blast pipes to the other division
of the main. The heated air and products of combustion from the coke oven
pass through flues at the back of the oven to the hot blast oven and circulate
about and heat the blast pipes and afterwards pass to the chimney. By means
of dampers in the back flues of the coke oven the whole or part of the
beated air and products of combustion can either be made to pass to
the hot blast oven, or be made to pass directly into the chimney.
I arrange the stops or plates in the divisions of the blast main at
each oven, so that the blast on entering the first oven passes into one
division of the main and through the blast pipes to the other division of the
said main. The blast then passes through the last-named division of the main
to the next oven, and through the blast pipes therein to the other division of
the main, and so on until it has circulated through the whole of the hot blast
ovens. By the blast being made to circulate through the heated blast pipes in
the manner described the said blast is thoroughly heated before it is conducted
to the blast furnace or other place where it is to be used. I make tlie blast
pipes and blast main of the hot blast ovens of iron. When the temperature of
the hot blast ovens is too great, air may be admitted into the said ovens by
means of a damper or otherwise to reduce their temperature. The hot blast
oven of the combined oven is especially applicable to the heating of the blast
for blast or smelting furnaces, but may also be employed to heat blast for other
purposes. By the use of my Invention great economy in the heating of blast is
effected.

page_text: I do not limit myself to the divided blast pipes herein-before described in
the blast ovens, as other descriptions of blast pipes may be used with the same
or nearly the same effect.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said James McEwen in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 12th
March 1864.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JAMES
MCEWEN, of Lays' Foundry, near Brierley Hill, in the County of Stafford, Iron
Founder and Coke Manufacturer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Seventeenth day of September, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-three, in the twenty-seventh year of
Her. reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto
me, the said James McEwen, Her special licence that I, the said James
McEwen, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the
said James M Ewen, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at
any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times
thereafter during the term therein expressed, should, and lawfully might
make,. use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom, of Great
Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
"A NEW OR IMPROVED COMBINED COKE OVEN AND HOT BLAST OVEN OR APPARATUS,"
upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said James M°Ewen, my
executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their,
or one of their bands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be
performed, and cause the same to.be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within
six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the. said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said James M Ewen, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed,
to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement
thereof, that is to say :-
My Invention consists of a new or improved combined coke oven and hot
blast oven or apparatus constructed in the manner herein-after described
whereby the heat generated by the coking process is conducted to the blast
oven, and made to circulate about and heat the blast pipes therein..

page_text: I build a series of the said combined coke ovens and hot blast ovens side by
side, but for convenience of description, I will only describe a single combined
coke oven and hot blast oven, as each combined oven of the series exactly
resembles the other. The body of the coke oven is of the ordinary construction,
and underneath the said body the hot blast oven is situated. The said hot
blast oven consists of a large horizontal chamber of about the area of the floor
or bottom of the coke oven, in which said. chamber a series of longitudinal
blast pipes, a short distance apart is placed, the tops of the blast pipes
supporting the floor of the coke oven. The said blast pipes divide the
horizontal chamber into a series of narrow flues. At the back of the hot blast
oven, and below the level of the blast pipes, is the blast main, which conducts
the blast to the blast pipes of the oven. A pipe conducting the blast is fixed
to one end of the blast main, and another pipe at the opposite end of the said
main conveys the heated blast to the blast furnace or elsewhere. Before
conveying the blast to the blast oven, I prefer to conduct it through a pipe or
channel at the back of the coke oven, and through pipes or channels laid along
the top of the arches between the coke ovens, so as to partially heat the said
blast before it is passed into the blast main of the hot blast oven. The blast
pipes in the oven are divided by horizontal divisions into two passages opening
into one another at the end of the pipe, and the blast main is divided by a
vertical division into two passages. The open ends of the passages of the blast
pipes communicate respectively with the divisions of the blast main, that is,
one division of each of the blast pipes opens into one division of the blast main,
and the other division of each of the blast pipes opens into the other division
of the blast main. The blast is supplied to one of the divisions of the main,
and by means of a stop or plate therein between cach oven the blast is made
to circulate through the divided blast pipes to the other division of the main.
The products of combustion from the coke oven pass through flues at the back
of the oven to the hot blast oven, and circulate about and heat the blast pipes
in the said blast oven, and afterwards pass to the chimney. By means of
dampers in the back flues of the coke oven, the whole or part of the products
of combustion can either be made to pass to the hot blast oven or be made to
pass directly into the chimney. I arrange the stops or plates in the divisions
of the blast main at each oven, so that the blast on entering the first oven
passes into one division of the main, and through the blast pipes to the other
division of the said main. The blast then passes through the last-named
division of the main to the next oven, and through the blast pipes therein to
the other division of the main, and so on until it has circulated through the
whole of the hot blast ovens. By the blast being made to circulate through
N

page_text: the heated blast pipes in the manner described the said blast is thoroughly
heated before it is conducted to the blast furnace or other place where it is to
be used. I make the blast pipes and blast main of the hot blast ovens of iron.
When the temperature of the hot blast ovens is too great, air may be admitted
into the said ovens by means of a damper or otherwise to reduce their
temperature. The hot blast oven of the combined oven is especially applicable
to the heating of the blast for blast or smelting furnaces, but may also bo
employed to heat blast for other purposes. By the use of my Invention great
economy in the heating of blast is effected.
I do not limit myself to the divided blast pipes herein-before described in
the blast ovens, as other descriptions of blast pipes may be used with the same
or nearly the same effect.
Having explained the nature of my Invention, I will proceed to describe
with reference to the accompanying Drawing, the manner in which the same
is to be performed.
Figure 1 represents in longitudinal vertical section a combined coke oven
and hot blast oven constructed according to my Invention, the said section
being taken through the line 1 of Figure 3; Figure 2 is a side elevation of
the same; Figure 3 represents two of the combined ovens built side by side,
partly in transverse vertical section, and partly in front elevation; and Figure 4
represents a horizontal section and plan of Figure 3, the section of Figure 4
being taken through the line 2 of Figure 3. The same letters of reference
indicate the same parts in each Figure. Although I have only represented
two of my improved combined ovens built side by side, yet any number of the
said combined ovens may be joined together as may be required.
a, a, is the body of the coke oven, having the ordinary construction. Under-
neath the said body a is the hot blast oven 6, consisting of a large horizontal
chamber of about the area of the floor or bottom c of the coke oven. In the
said chamber b a series of blast pipes d, a short distance apart, is placed, the
tops of the said pipes supporting the floor c of the coke oven a. The said
pipes & divide the horizontal chamber 6 into a series of narrow flues, see
Figures 3 and 4. At the back of the hot blast oven b, and below the level of
the blast pipes d, is a blast main e, to which the blast to be heated is conducted.
The blast is conducted to the main e by the pipes 9, 9, 9, 9, and f, and the
heated blast is conveyed away to the blast furnace or elsewhere by the pipe h.
The blast pipes d are divided by horizontal divisions d into two passages
opening into one another at the end of the pipe (see Figure 1), and the blast
main e is divided by a vertical division into two passages marked *, ³, (sco
Figures 1 and 4). The open ends of the passages in the blast pipes d com-

page_text: d
municate respectively with the two passages e, e³, of the blast main e, that is
to say, the upper passage of each of the blast pipes & opens into the passage e³
of the main, and the bottom passage of each of the blast pipes & opens into the
passage of the main, as will be understood by referring to Figure 1. The
products of combustion from the coke oven a pass through flues i, i, at the
back of the coke oven to the chamber or hot blast oven b, where they circulate
about and heat the blast pipes d, and then escape by the flues k, k, to the
chimney 1. By means of the dampers m, m, in the back flues of the coke oven
the whole or part of the products of combustion resulting from the coking
process can either be made to pass to the hot blast oven b, or be made to pass
directly from the flues i, i, into the flues k, k, and thence to the chimney l.
I place in the divisions of the blast main e, between each of the coke ovens, a
stop or plate for the purpose of causing the blast to pass through the series of
pipes d in each oven before the said blast passes to the next oven. One of
these stops is represented in Figure 4, and marked n, and is situated in the
passage of the blast main e. The blast from the pipes 9, 9%, and f, enters
the passage e², and is intercepted by the stop or plate n, and made to pass
through the upper passages of the blast pipes d to the other passage of the
main e, through which passage e³ it passes to the next oven, and through the
blast pipes therein to the passage e² of the main, and thence to the pipe h.
By the blast being made to circulate through the heated blast pipes d in the
manner described, the said blast is thoroughly heated before it is conducted by
the pipe to the smelting furnace or other place where it is to be used. The
pipes 9, 9, which conduct the blast to the main e of the hot blast oven are
situated in a recess or channel at the back of each of the coke ovens (as
represented in Figure 1), the pipe 9 in each oven being connected to that in
the next oven by cross pipes 9%, the shape of which cross pipes, and their
position between the ovens will be readily understood by an examination of
Figures 3 and 4. The bottom of the pipes g, ġ, rests upon rollers on the
bottom of the channel in which they are situated, there being a hollow space
between the sides of the said pipes and the sides of the channel. The top of
the channel in which the pipes 9, 9, are placed is temporarily closed by burr
bricks. The pipes 9, 9, and 9, 9, are heated by the coke ovens, and the blast
passing through them is partly heated before it is conveyed into the main e. of
the hot blast oven. When the hot blast oven is not being used and no blast
is passing through the pipes g, g, in order to prevent injury to the said pipes
by the heat of the coke ovens the burr bricks which temporarily closed the top
of the channel in which the said pipes are situated are removed, and the pipes
are kept cool by radiation through the said channel. By the loose fitting of

page_text: the pipes g, g, they can be readily removed from and replaced in the ovens.
The blast pipes d, d, main e, and conducting pipes f, 9, 9, may be made either
of cast iron or of wrought iron, and the size of the said pipes must be varied
to suit the quantity of blast which it is required to heat, and the number of
combined ovens which are employed.
Although I prefer to construct the blast pipes d and to arrange them in the
oven in the manner represented in the Drawing, yet I do not limit myself
thereto, as the said pipes may be constructed and arranged in other ways with
the same or nearly the same effect.
Having now described the nature of my Invention, and the manner in which
the same is to be performed, I wish it to be understood that I do not limit
myself to the precise details herein-before described and illustrated, as the same
may be varied without departing from the nature of my Invention. But I claim
as my Invention a new or improved combined coke oven and hot blast oven or
apparatus constructed substantially in the manner herein-before described, and
illustrated in the accompanying Drawing.
In witness whereof, I, the said James McEwen, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Tenth day of March, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-four.
Witness,
W. A. BAXTER,
Lays,
Brierley Hill.
JAMES MCEWEN. (L.S.)