matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
AN IMPROVED SHEEP OR CATTLE SHELTER OR FEEDING PEN AND FOLD
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Rich Turner and Tom Brown
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 25th June 1879.
GEORGE RICH TURNER, of Newlands, in the County of Dorset, and Toм BROWN,
of Oxford Street, in the County of Middlesex. "AN IMPROVED SHEEP OR CATTLE
SHELTER OR FEEDING PEN AND FOLD."
The ends of the
This Invention relates to an improved sheep or cattle shelter or pen for feeding
the animals, sheltering them from inclement weather, and protecting them from
foot-rot and other diseases due to standing and lying on wet ground. The improved
shelter or pen is so constructed also as to ensure a proper distribution of the manure
from the animals on lands which are being "fed off," whilst preventing the land
being trodden by the animals into a condition injurious to the crop. The shelter
or pen
also forms a portable apparatus for stall-feeding, and by combining a number
of these shelters or pens together a complete fold is formed, sheltered on all sides
from the wind, rain, and sun. The sheep and cattle shelter and feeder has a
A fixed
wall at back, and a roof overhead sloping downwards towards the back.
or moveable trough or other receptacle for fodder is arranged along the back wall, so
as to be under cover of the roof, and the back is provided with a door, through
which the fodder may be passed without entering the shelter.
shelter aro provided with grated or solid doors. The floor of the shelter is a grated
platform raised from the ground by feet or cross bars, or preferably by small wheels,
upon which the shelter can travel when being moved from one part of the farm to
the other. The floor or platform is preferably constructed of parallel bars of wood
placed at equal distancos apart, and near enough together to allow sheep and lambs
to walk upon it comfortably, but sufficiently numerous and open to allow the
manure from the animals to pass through to the land. To the front of the shelter
or pen is hinged at bottom a similar grating, which when laid down flat throws the
front of the shelter open, and itself forms an extension of the floor in front of and
beyond the limits of the shelter, so as to accommodate an additional number of
sheep, and which when folded up against the front of the shelter encloses the same
wholly or partially in, in front, thus converting it into an enclosed pen or stall.

page_text: The shelter would be constructed of a framework of wood, or iron covered with
wood, or other material, such as roofing-felt, impervious to wind, rain, & sun. A
number of these shelters combined in the form of a hollow square, or otherwise
arranged, the backs being in any case outwards, will form a fold of any required
extent, protected on all sides from the weather.
PROVEMENTS IN MECHANISM FOR STOPPING AND SETTING MACHINERY IN MOTION, ALSO APPLICABLE FOR OTHER PURPOSES."
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alfred Godfrey at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 5th March 1879.
"IM-
ALFRED GODFREY, of 90, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex.
PROVEMENTS IN MECHANISM FOR STOPPING AND SETTING MACHINERY IN MOTION,
ALSO APPLICABLE FOR OTHER PURPOSES."
This Invention relates to an improved method for stopping and setting machinery
in motion by instantaneously relieving or attaching the machinery from the driving
and fly wheels without losing any of its momentum or energy when once the
driving wheel is set in motion.
For this purpose I fit the fly wheels of steam engines and other kinds of
machinery to their shafts so as to be capable of revolving freely on the same. I
provide such fly wheels on one of its sides with a boss projecting therefrom somewhat
more than is now usual. I turn such boss perfectly circular and true with the bore
of the wheel, and fit thereon an expanding metal strap or band having at one point
of its circumference an opening, each edge of which is provided with a lug projecting
outwards, the said lugs being so arranged as always to have a narrow opening
between them. Through both lugs is passed a screw bolt which also takes into an
internally screwed boss of a short lever, and is by such means caused to tighten up
or slack out the lugs, and consequently the expanding band. The opposite extremity
of the short lever is connected by means of another and longer lever to a collar
sliding freely on a sleeve keyed on to a fly wheel shaft; on its outer circumference
is formed a groove or recess, and by means of a lever, the forked end of which
takes into the said groove, such sliding collar, and with it the two aforesaid levers,
is actuated and caused to tighten up or slack out the expanding strap on the boss
of the fly wheel. One end of the sleeve referred to also passes over the greater
portion of the outer circumference of the expanding band, a projection or lug on
this latter fitting into a corresponding recess in the sleeve so as to retain the
expanding band in close and firm contact with the said sleeve.
When the expanding band is tightened up the fly wheel revolves with the shaft,
and when slacked out the fly wheel runs free on the shaft, from which the
momentum is thereby immediately taken and the machinery, especially in the case
of single cranks, immediately stopped.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS TO INDICATE THE PRESENCE AND LOCALITY OF FIRE DAMP OR OTHER DANGEROUS ACCUMULATIONS OF EXPLOSIVE GASES
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederick Herbert William Higgins
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 18th February 1879.
FREDERICK HERBERT WILLIAM HIGGINS, of No. 17, Cornhill, in the City of
London. "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS TO INDICATE THE PRESENCE AND LOCALITY
OF FIRE DAMP OR OTHER DANGEROUS ACCUMULATIONS OF EXPLOSIVE GASES."
For these purposes I employ platinum or some other metal possessing the property
of becoming red hot under the influence of hydrogen or hydro-carbon gas when
heated.
I maintain the platinum or other metal in a heated state by means of a current
of electricity, and so arranged that the additional heating caused by the contact
with combustible gases causes a signal to be made, either by opening or closing an
electrical circuit, or in other ways in which signals are produced by electricity at a
distance; or a mechanical arrangement may be actuated directly for producing an
alarm on the spot.
AN IMPROVED COMBINED PLASTER AND PAD FOR THERAPEUTIC AND SIMILAR PURPOSES
Year: 1879

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Robert Lake, of the Firm of Haseltine, Lako,
& Co., Patent Agents, Southampton Buildings, London, for the Invention of
"AN IMPROVED COMBINED PLASTER AND PAD FOR THERAPEUTIC AND SIMILAR
PURPOSES." A communication from abroad by Robert Monroe Kennedy, of
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION filed by the said William Robert Lake at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 5th June 1879.
WILLIAM ROBERT LAKE, of the Firin of Haseltine, Lake, & Co., Patent Agents,
Southampton Buildings, London. "AN IMPROVED COMBINED PLASTER AND PAD
FOR THERAPEUTIC AND SIMILAR PURPOSES." A communication from abroad by
Robert Monroe Kennedy, of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America.
This Invention relates to a plaster and pad so combined that they may be readily
and conveniently applied together to the person, and may be detached from each
other when required.
In the accompanying Drawing-
Figure 1 represents the pad detached from the plaster.
Figure 2 shows the plaster detached from the pad.
Figure 3 shows the combined plaster and pad.
Figure 4 illustrates the said Invention as applied to a person's breast.
Figure 5 shows a modification of the said Invention designed for application to a
person's back.
Figure 6 represents on an enlarged scale a combined plaster and pad made
according to the modification shown in Figure 5.
Like letters indicate the same parts in all the Figures.
A is the pad, which is a bag or cushion to be filled with certain herbs and drugs
as required. The opening of this bag is at a, and when the bag has been filled the
said opening is closed by sewing or otherwise. B is a porous plaster having an
opening 6 for the reception of the pad A. In Figure 3 the plaster and pad are
shown united, which may be done by sewing or other means. C is a piece of cloth
or other suitable material placed over the plaster to prevent its adhesion to the
[Price 4d1

page_text: clothing of the person wearing the plaster and pad, and also for general convenience
in handling and packing.
The combination of the plaster with the pad enables the Invention to be applied
to the body without the use of strings.
Having thus fully described the said Invention as communicated to me by my 5
foreign correspondent, I wish it understood that the present Invention has no
reference to any curative properties of such plasters, but relates to their mechanical
construction only, and that I do not claim the combination of an adhesive plaster
with a healing plaster, but I claim―
A plaster and pad combined or united for application to the human body, sub- 1
stantially as herein described.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Robert Lake, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Fifth day of June, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and seventy nine.
WM RORT LAKE (LS) 1
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR THE COMMERCIAL PRODUCTION OF HYDROFLUOSILICIC ACID
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Gerard Wenzeslaus von Nawrocki at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the5th July 1879. (A com-
munication from Anton Zenisek and Doctor Carl Schmidt, both of Dobrowitz,
in Bohemia.)
GERARD WENZESLAUS VON NAWROCKI, of the Firm of J. Brandt and G. W.
v. Nawrocki, of 124, Leipzigerstrasse, Berlin, in the German Empire, Patent
Agents. "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR THE COMMERCIAL PRODUCTION OF
HYDROFLUOSILICIC ACID." (A communication from Anton Zenisek and Doctor Carl
Schmidt, both of Dobrowitz, in Bohemia.)
Heretofore it has not been possible to produce hydrofluosilicic acid at a price to
admit of its application on a large scale, because no apparatus suitably constructed
and of cheap material has been known which could be used frequently and
repeatedly for the said purpose.
What was not eaten away during the production of the fluorsilicium and burnt
away by the flame was broken up during the emptying of the sediments or furring
by the force of the knocks wherewith the fused material had to be loosened froin
the retort.
According to this Invention cast iron retorts of the following form aro used, and
the fluorsilicium is received into a simple receiver provided with stirring apparatus
and about half full of water.
The retort is made in the form of a horizontal cylinder, set in brickwork and
fitted with manhole for charging; it has one or more upper outlet pipes for the escape
of the fluorsilicium formed, all according to the number of receivers used. The end
covers serve to empty the retort. The pipe leading to the receiver is made of cast
iron, but it may also be made of stoneware or other material resisting the influence
of the fluorsilicium. Doors are provided for cleaning.
The receiver is in the form of a large wooden barrel or cask fitted with stirring
apparatus which is turned with a moderate velocity. A cock below serves to run
off the water saturated with hydrofluosilicic acid, and it has also a plug hole for
running in water.
The retort is charged with the mixture of fluor spar and sand, either by the
manhole or by one of the end covers, but the sulphuric acid is run in by the
manhole.

page_text: As soon as the retort is charged it is at first gently fired underneath, then
gradually harder and harder, and the stirring apparatus turned in the receiver.
For emptying, the end covers are opened and the sediment or furring of the retort
is removed quickly and in large pieces without the use of hammer and chisel,
especially if the retort before being charged is coated with some fat or cart grease 5
and black lead.
When the acid in the receiver is concentrated as desired it is tapped off by the
cock and water let in.
-The-retort may be elliptic, and-if-the-lower part of the same which is charged
with the fluor spar sand, and sulphuric acid is of the same section throughout, the 1
upper part may be of any other desired form.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LOCKING OR SECURING NUTS UPON SCREWED BOLTS OR STUDS, AND THE APPLICATION OF THE SAME TO THE MANUFACTURE OF SPINDLES AND KNOBS OR HANDLES FOR LOCKS OR LATCHES
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Arthur Martyn at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 3rd February 1879.
ARTHUR MARTYN, of Bellevue Terrace, Evington Road, Leicester, in the County
of Leicestershire. "IMPROVEMENTS IN LOCKING OR SECURING NUTS UPON SCREWED
BOLTS OR STUDS, AND THE APPLICATION OF THE SAME TO THE MANUFACTURE OF
SPINDLES AND KNOBS OR HANDLES FOR LOCKS OR LATCHES."
I form the bolt or stud upon which the nut is to be secured with a slot or groove
passing through the centre from side to side, and extending longitudinally through
the whole length of the threaded part or through part of it. Through the nut I
drill a hole from side to side, and when such nut is screwed down to the required
position and the hole through it coincides or ranges with the slot through the bolt
I lock or secure the nut by passing a pin through the hole in it and the slot in the
bolt, and this pin I generally rivet where it emerges from the sides of the nut.
Sometimes I use a screw or split pin for this purpose.
In making spindles and knobs or handles for locks or latches I form on one or
both ends of such spindles a screw having a slot or groove through it longitudinally,
and the knobs or handles which are to be screwed upon these I tap in a manner
similar to a nut and through any convenient part I pierce a hole from side to side,
and when the knob or handle is screwed down to the required position I lock or
secure it by passing a pin or screw through the hole and through the slot, and such
pin or screw I rivet or fasten as before described.
IMPROVEMENTS IN STOPPERS FOR BOTTLES
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Budd at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 23rd September 1879.
WILLIAM BUDD, of Old Kent Road, Camberwell, in the County of Surrey,
Gentleman. "IMPROVEMENTS IN STOPPERS FOR BOTTLES."
The object of this Invention is to supercede india-rubber and other noxious
stoppers now in use for stoppering bottles, especially those containing aerated
drinks, spirits, acids, and the like.
My said stopper is mainly formed of cork, the frustum of a cone in shape, and in
order to make it self-acting inside the bottle, on the smaller end thereof I attach a
disc or plug of metal, glass, stone, or other suitable heavy material, for the purpose
of sinking the stopper when liberated, and also to direct it into the bottle neck
when such bottle is filled.
Or, in the case of bottles formed with an internal shoulder in the neck thereof,
I form my said stopper with a similar kind of shoulder, thus making one portion of
the stopper of a smaller diameter than the other.
In applying this stopper, it is first forced through the neck into the body of the
bottle, which latter is then filled in the usual way and then inverted, with the
mouth covered, until the weighted stopper falls to its proper place in the neck.
In the case of aerated liquids and the like, I prefer to fill the bottles in an
inverted position, so as to retain all the gases therein for the purpose of forcing the
stopper into the neck and holding it there.
This stopper can be used a number of times without injury to the contents of the
bottles.
IMPROVEMENTS IN JOININGS FOR WIRE FENCES, TELEGRAPH WIRES, AND CONTINUOUS LENGTHS OF WIRES OR RODS FOR OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Young at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 21st August 1879.
THOMAS YOUNG, Blacksmith, of Cessford, in the County of Roxburgh, North
Britain. "IMPROVEMENTS IN JOININGS FOR WIRE FENCES, TELEGRAPH WIRES,
AND CONTINUOUS LENGTHS OF WIRES OR RODS FOR OTHER PURPOSES."
This Invention which relates to an improved method of joining the ends of
different lengths of wires employed in constructing continuous wire fences, or the
lengths of wires to be used as telegraph wires, or continuous lengths of wires for
other purposes, consists in employing a joining or coupling piece or tie of square
round, or other suitable section. A rectangular slot is made through the joining
or coupling piece in the direction of its length, and in each end of the said piece a
hole or passage is made extending inwards to the slot. These holes or passages
are approximately of the diameter of the wires whose ends are to be joined or
coupled, and the said wires are passed through the holes or passages either from
the ends of the joining or coupling piece inwards towards the longitudinal slot, or
vice versa, from the slot outwards. In whichever manner it is passed through the
end of each wire at the interior of the slot is flattened or broadened outwards to a
width greater than the diameter of the hole or passage, by which means the end of
the wire is prevented from slipping through the joining or coupling piece or tie,
and the different lengths of wire are so joined or coupled together. The joining
or coupling herein before described may also be used in coupling different or
continuous lengths of iron, steel, copper, brass, or other rods.
PROVEMENT IN BUTTONS
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Lorenz Hoffmann at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 9th August 1879.
LORENZ HOFFMANN, of Stuttgart, in the Empire of Germany, Merchant,
PROVEMENTS IN BUTTONS."
"IM-
The Invention relates to a button which can be fastened without needle or thread,
and consists in providing the button on its underside with pins or prongs, which in
attaching the button, are passed through the cloth or fabric and then bent down on
the back-side of the latter, so as to hold the fabric firmly between the prongs and
the button. The button may be made entirely of metal, or partly of metal and
partly of other material. I prefer to use three or or four sharp pointed pins or
prongs, arranged at equal distances from the centre or shank of the button so as to
form a double fork.
AN IMPROVED REGULATING VALVE FOR BOTTLING MACHINES."
Year: 1879

page_text: "
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Thomas Trotter at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 28th March 1879.
JOHN THOMAS TROTTER, of Stocksfield-on-Tyne, in the County of Northumberland.
AN IMPROVED REGULATING VALVE FOR BOTTLING MACHINES."
This Invention relates to an improved construction of regulating valve to be
used in connection with bottling machines, whereby beer or other liquor being
bottled is automatically kept at nearly a certain regular height in the bottling
machine trough as it is drawn out of the trough into the bottles by syphons, thus
enabling the bottles to be evenly filled.
Hitherto the valves in use for this purpose have not answered in practice, their
action having varied with the variable pressure in the barrel (which is greater
when full than when nearly empty), and in addition the valve plug frequently got
stuck fast in its seat; consequently the bottles were frequently too full or not quite
full enough, necessitating loss of time and waste of liquor.
Now by my improvements these defects are obviated.
My improved regulating valve is constructed of a body or barrel provided with
a suitable spindle valve and seating, and a connection for attaching it to the tap in
the barrel containing the liquor to be drawn off and bottled.
The lower end of the spindle of the valve bears against one end of a lever
working on a suitable fulcrum, the other end of the lever being connected by a rod
or chain to a float in the trough, the weight of such float being sufficient to raise
the valve; but when the liquor reaches the required level in the trough the float
rises and the lever hereinbefore described being relieved from the weight of the
float will no longer press against the spindle of the valve, which will fall onto its
seat and close the opening under the pressure of the liquid from the barrel. If the
level of the liquor in the trough falls the float falls also, and by its weight opens
the valve.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MILITARY AND OTHER HUTS OR PORTABLE DWELLINGS
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Albert Berwick Cunningham at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 6th March 1879.
ALBERT BERWICK CUNNINGHAM, late Royal Artillery, of the East India Club,
Saint James's Square, in the County of Middlesex. "IMPROVEMENTS IN MILITARY
AND OTHER HUTS OR PORTABLE DWELLINGS."
This Invention relates to improvements in the construction of military and other
huts or portable dwellings, and the improvements consist in a novel combined use
of wood and canvas or other fabric, or wood, iron, and canvas or other fabric, the
object of the Invention being to construct such huts or buildings in such a manner
as to secure perfect ventilation as well as increased protection from heat or cold,
and allowing of the employment of iron roofs, which has hitherto been objectionable
in hot climates on account of heat.
In carrying out my Invention, I construct the body or the walls and partitions
of the hut or dwelling in the usual manner, but I form the hut or dwelling with a
double roof, videlicet, an outer roof of iron, wood, or other suitable material, which
for the purposes of description may be considered as the permanent roof.
Below the permanent roof I fix or stretch a second or false roof of canvas or
some other suitable fabric, a certain space being left between the two roofs for air.
I provide louvre boards or valves which are applied between the two roofs, thus
giving the means of adinitting a free circulation of air overhead when required or
by closing same if securing a dead air chamber which will act as a non conductor.
Further, the second or false roof being formed of fabric, can be withdrawn entirely
at will.
Verandahs may be provided for fitting round the hut or dwelling in summer,
such verandahs being fixed in any suitable manner.
IMPROVEMENTS IN HOLDERS FOR DRESSES AND OTHER OBJECTS
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Rodney McDonald at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 3rd January 1879.
"8
_GEORGE RODNEY MCDONALD, of Bartholomew Close, in the City of London.
IMPROVEMENTS IN HOLDERS FOR DRESSES AND OTHER OBJECTS."
According to this Invention I produce a strong holding and locking action in an
arrangement of holder, somewhat similar to that of tho well known letter clip,
wherein two flat pieces are held together at one end by means of a helical spring
round the pin which joins the two pieces. Now according to my Invention
form each of the brackets on one of the pieces with a straight or curved slot for the
joint pin to work in; I also turn over or back the napping end of the other piece,
so that it in the locked position covers the edge of the first named piece; when the
pressure of the hand is applied to unlock the holder, the slots allow the one piece
to recede from the other pieco, thus unlocking the holder; when the pressure of the
hand is let go the spring pushes it back in the original locked position. The spring
may be helical and placed round the joint pin, or it may be a flat spring. Two
joint pins may be applied instead of one, and in that case one would roll or slide
past the other, the action being the same, that is, one piece of the holder sliding
against the other.
IMPROVEMENTS IN RAILWAY AXLES FOR ENGINES, CARRIAGES, AND WAGONS
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Andrew Alexander at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 7th March 1879.
ANDREW ALEXANDER, of the Cyclops Steel and Iron Works, Sheffield, in the
County of York. "IMPROVEMENTS IN RAILWAY AXLES FOR ENGINES, CARRIAGES,
AND WAGONS."
The object of the present Invention
to obviate or reduce the danger arising
from the sudden fracture of railway axles, which has up to the present time led to
many disasters of the most serious character.
In order to effect this I prepare axles of homogeneous material, which when
heated to a red heat and cooled suddenly in cold water does not sensibly harden, I
form the axles hollow either wholly or partially, but in the latter case the hollow
should at least extend through the journal or bearing at each end and through the
wheel seat to a distance of some three or four inches into the central portion. These
hollow central spaces are not left empty, but after having been cleaned out, or bored
out of the solid, if preferred, are filled up by bars of mild and ductile steel forced
These internal bars thus form a minor or
in tightly by hydraulic or other means.
internal axle or support, which though unfit to sustain the full strain coming upon
the axle for any length of time will, on its fracture, shew by their yielding and
partial distortion, that the axle is destroyed, while at the same time they will
prevent disaster to the vehicle. It is well known that the fracture of axles
frequently commences on the wheel seat at or near the shoulder, and that there is
no practical method of determining whether and to what extent such a fracture has
commenced. Such fractures begin, as might be expected, at the outer part where
the strain is greatest and gradually extend round the circumference and inwards
until the sectional area is so much reduced that it gives way all at once.
Now this liability to fracture is reduced by the employment of homogeneous
material made by fusion and complete intermixture; and when fracture does occur
the application of the internal core or inner support prevents the complete destruc-
tion of the bearing part of the axle, while its partial yielding gives timely notice of
the breakage.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MECHANICAL TOYS
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Percy Frederick Tarbutt at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 2nd May 1879.
PERCY FREDERICK TARBUTT, of 64, Queen Victoria St., London, in the County
of Middlesex, Civil Engineer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN MECHANICAL TOYS."
The first part of my Invention relates to improvements in mechanical toys
designed to imitate the walking or crawling movements of animals or insects. In
carrying out this part of my Invention I prefer to employ as the motive power a
strip or strips of india rubber fixed at one end to the body of the toy, and at the
other to a spindle carrying the motive legs. When these legs are rotated the strip
or strips are wound round the spindle, and being stretched tend to cause the legs to
revolve in a direction opposite to that in which they were rotated. As long as the
toy is held in the hand this revolving of the motive legs is prevented by one or
both of them coming in contact with a stop or stops acting in conjunction with
another leg or pair of legs, but when it is placed on the ground its weight falling
partially on these second legs causes them to remove the stops and allows the
motive legs to make a whole or partial revolution. In revolving they strike the
ground, move the toy forward a step, & raise the second leg or pair of legs from
the ground; this again replaces the stops, and the further revolutions are stopped
till the second legs again strike the ground, when the movements are repeated.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR CASTING THE BLANKS OF RAILWAY TYRES AND OTHER SIMILAR ARTICLES
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Azariah Griffiths at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 23rd September 1879.
AZARIAH GRIFFITHS, of Sheffield, in the County of York.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN
APPARATUS FOR CASTING THE BLANKS OF RAILWAY TYRES AND OTHER SIMILAR
ARTICLES."
My Invention has for its object the saving of labour in the manufacture of the
cast steel blanks of railway wheels and other similar articles which have either
tapered or parallel centre holes by obviating the necessity for punching and
hammering or "becking," and the Invention consists chiefly in the construction and
use of a segmental core or centre and in the ready means of releasing and removing.
the same.
In carrying out my Invention in the casting of a railway tyre blank for example,
I construct a mould or casting box, by preference in three principal parts, namely
the bottom plate and two top plates or moulds; these three parts may be held
together by pins and cotters; the interior then represents a matrix or mould of a
tyre with the flange downwards. A circular centre hole for the reception of the
segmental core is formed in the top plates, half the circle being formed in one top
plate and the corresponding half in the other top plate at the conjunction of the
two plates. The segmental core I construct as follows:-It is hollow and composed
by preference of three segments of a circle corresponding or thereabouts to the
diameter of the hole in the top plates, the bottom edges fitting in a shallow recess
formed in the bottom plate, and the top edges passing through the top plates. The
three segments do not make a complete circle but allow of a wedge being placed
between each segment; these wedges are tapered in two directions, that is, first to
the back, thus leaving the edge that forms part of the outer circumference of the
core the thinnest, they are also tapered downwards, and the whole are tightened up
by means of a three sided centre pin or cam which acts against the inner edges of
the three wedges, turning it partially round. When the casting is completed a
lever is applied to the centre pin or cam, and by a slight turn it is released and is
lifted out of the way; a blow on the head of any of the wedges immediately releases
all the parts of the core which may be then removed, and the mould opened by
driving out the cotters. When the casting is taken out the box can be made ready
for a similar process in a few minutes.
AN IMPROVED CLASP OR FASTENER FOR CORSETS OR STAYS
Year: 1879

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Robert Lake, of the Firm of Haseltine, Lake,
& Co., Patent Agents, Southampton Buildings, London, for the Invention of
"AN IMPROVED CLASP OR FASTENER FOR CORSETS OR STAYS." A commu-
nication from abroad by Gurdon C. Judson, of Newton, Massachusetts, United
States of America, Merchant.
Sealed the 13th June 1879, and dated the 21st April 1879.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION filed by the said William Robert Lake at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 21st April 1879.
WILLIAM ROBERT LAKE, of the Firm of Haseltine, Lake, & Co., Patent Agents,
Southampton Buildings, London. "AN IMPROVED CLASP OR FASTENER FOR
CORSETS OR STAYS," A communication from abroad by Gurdon C. Judson, of
Nowton, Massachusetts, United States of America, Merchant.
This Invention is designed to provide an improved clasp or fastener for corsets
or stays, and relates to those clasps which are provided with an underlying wide
steel or "busk." It comprises a wide spring or busk and a narrow spring, the
peculiarity being that the studs or fastening devices fixed upon the said busk to
engage with the hooks or slotted pieces on the narrow attaching spring instead of
being upon the edge nearest to the said attaching spring, or in the centre of the
busk, are placed near that edge of the busk which is farthest from that side over
which the fastening or attaching spring is carried in order to be attached to the
said busk, thus causing the said narrow spring when fastened to lie upon or over
the wide spring or busk.
In the accompanying Drawing,
Figure 1 shows the clasp with its springs separated or unclasped; and
Figure 2 shows it fastened or clasped.
Like letters indicate the same parts in both of these Figures.
a is the underlying wide steel or busk, with its studs a' upon the inner edge
thereof, or the edge farthest from the narrow spring b, upon which are the hooks or
slotted pieces b¹; c, c, are portions of the corsets; the positions of the steels when
clasped are shown in Figure 2. If the studs a¹ were upon the side of the busk on
which they are usually placed it is obvious that the busk and spring b would lie
side by side.
The object of the said Invention is to increase the strength of the clasp.

page_text: Having thus fully described the said Invention as communicated to me by my
foreign correspondent, and the manner of performing the same, I wish it understood
that I claim,—
In a clasp or fastening for corsets or stays a busk or spring having its studs or
fastening devices placed near the inner edge of the said busk or spring, or that edge
thereof farthest from the edge over which the fastening-spring is brought to be
attached to the said busk or spring, for the purpose set forth.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Robert Lake, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Twenty first day of April, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and seventy nine.
IMPROVEMENTS IN FILTERS
Year: 1879

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Jott Grant, of Boston, in the County of Suffolk, in the
State of Massachusetts, one of the United States of America, for the Invention
of "IMPROVEMENTS IN FILTERS."
Sealed the 10th October 1879, and dated the 22nd April 1879.

page_text: prevent the charcoal from coming out. When the globe is turned to the position
shown in Figure 3 it becomes a perfect filter, the water having to pass through the
filtering mixture T before it can escape. The neck H of the filter may be made
with a screw as shewn, or any other coupling device may be used. K is a handle
which passes through the shell B into the globe, and serves to operate the same.
The handle K has a shank K', K', Figure 3, the part K' being round, so as to form a
pivot for the globe C to turn on. The part K is made square, and fits into a square
recess made in the globe C, shown at K, Figure 4. The handle K and shank K³, K³,
is held in place by a screw M, M, Figure 3, said screw passing entirely through
the shank K¹, K, and into the boss L made on the interior of the globe C, and thus
securely hold the whole in place. What I claim as my Invention and desire to secure
by Letters Patent is,―
First. In a filter, the combination of the globular case C with the tube D,
strainers E, E', and filtering mixture T, substantially as described, and for the
purpose set forth.
Second. In a filter, the combination of the handle K, and its shank K', K³, and
the screw, M, M, with the socketed globe C, constructed substantially as described,
and for the purpose set forth.
In witness whereof, I, the said Jott Grant, have hereunto set my hand and
seal, the Tenth day of March, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight
hundred and seventy nine.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR DRYING EXCRETA AND REFUSE FOR THE PRODUCTION OF MANURE
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles John Galloway and John
Henry Beckwith at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 12th
February 1879.
CHARLES JOHN GALLOWAY and JOHN HENRY BECKWITH, both of Knott Mill
Iron Works, Manchester, in the County of Lancaster. "IMPROVEMENTS IN
APPARATUS FOR DRYING EXCRETA AND REFUSE FOR THE PRODUCTION OF
MANURE."
According to a process adopted in some populous districts excreta and refuse are
collected, screened, treated with acid, and mixed with a proportion of ash, mould,
or earthy matter so as to form a pulp, which, being partially dried to the condition
of a moist powder, forms a valuable and portable manure. Our Invention relates to
apparatus for effecting in a continuous manner the partial drying of the pulp above
mentioned. For this purpose we provide a long cylindrical vessel, steam cased, and
placed with its axis horizontal, or nearly so, and in it we cause a worm or creeper
to revolve slowly. The matter to be treated is fed in at one end of the vessel, and
is slowly advanced whilst it is stirred by the movement of the creeper till it is
delivered sufficiently dried from the opposite end of the vessel. The outlet for the
matter may be adjustable in height relatively to the bottom of the vessel, so that a
greater or less quantity may be retained to be acted upon. The axis of the worm
or creeper may be tubular, supplied with steam, and also the revolving blades may
be hollow, communicating with the hollow axis, so that the greater part or the
whole of the worm or creeper, as well as the casing, may be made available for
giving heat to the matter operated on. In order to condense the offensive vapours
during the drying, they may be led by a pipe from the drying vessel to a chamber,
exhausted by a fan or chimney draught. In this chamber a number of water trays
are arranged one above another, so that water supplied at the top descends in a
thin stream or shower from the edge of each tray into the tray below it, and the
vapours pass in a zig-zag direction over and under the successive trays and through
the streams or showers of water, whereby they are condensed, the air with which
they were mingled being thus rendered comparatively pure.
AN IMPROVED METHOD OF PREVENTING THE FALSIFICATION OF CHEQUES AND OTHER DOCUMENTS
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Henry Drew at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 16th July 1879.
THOMAS HENRY DREW, of Walsall, in the County of Stafford, Engineer.
<< AN
IMPROVED METHOD OF PREVENTING THE FALSIFICATION OF CHEQUES AND OTHER
DOCUMENTS."
This Invention refers to an improved method of preventing the surreptitious
alteration and falsification of money, amounts, names, words, or lines on cheques,
bills, and other securities by obliterating or substituting figures, names, words, or
lines, or other written or printed marks, and this is effected by perforating the
paper or material upon which such figures, names, words, or marks are usually
placed with a series of perforations having the same indications as the written or
printed matter.
In carrying out my Invention I employ a small instrument capable of containing
punching type of the requisite character, and for the sake of illustration I will
describe this instrument as applicable to figures. The instrument for this would
be a case of punching type, in which each type consisted of small punches or
prickers arranged for cach type to form the outline of a numeral; the case is
calculated to hold several of these type, and is fitted with a thumbscrew, so that the
type may be changed as required, and thus made to punch varying figures
according to requirement by the removal of certain type and the substitution of
others. In like manner the type may be formed for words and names instead of
numerals,
IM- PROVEMENTS IN GUIDING APPLIANCES FOR BLINDS
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Audley Frederick Aspinall at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 12th July 1879.
JOHN AUDLEY FREDERICK ASPINALL, of Inchicore, near Dublin, Ireland. "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN GUIDING APPLIANCES FOR BLINDS."
This Invention is particularly applicable to the spring blinds used in railway
carriages and other vehicles and is as follows:-
Instead of the silken or other cords of textile fabrics heretofore used for the
guiding of the blind and arranged at the side of same, I use metallic rope, such for
instance as that commonly called "picture cord," which is made of copper wires
twisted into a rope around a core of textile fabric, and I form the end or ends with
a metallic eye by casting.
For this purpose I open up or splay or bend the end of the cord or rope, place it
in a mould and run in white metal or other suitable and easily fusible metal around
a core for forming a hole through. I thus produce a neat and durable eye which
can be fastened in its place by a screw, nail, or button. Instead of metallic rope I
may use round or other wire.
IMPROVEMENTS IN HORSE SHOES
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Marsden at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 20th October 1879.
ROBERT MARSDEN, of Sheffield, in the County of York, Shoeing Smith.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN HORSE SHOES."
My Invention relates to improvements in horse shoes, and more particularly to
the method of securing removeable caulks or pegs thereto. I make my improved
shoe either of iron or steel, and I form on the underside of such shoe by bossing,
stamping, or other means, any desired number of bosses or projections, each boss
having a round tapered hole through its centre to receive the shank of the caulk or
peg. The caulks or pegs are made by preference of steel, and have a shank corres-
ponding in size, and taper to the holes in the bosses; the heads of the caulks are
made flat for ordinary wear, but for frosty weather are usually pointed. Round the
shank and just under the head of the caulk I form a groove, so that a hand lever
with a suitable claw can obtain a purchase or hold sufficient to withdraw the caulk
when required.
I am aware that similar caulks are made with screwed shanks to be screwed into
corresponding screwed holes in horse shoes, and also that caulks with plain square
shanks have been made, but there are good grounds of complaint against both these
plans which are avoided by the use of my improvements.
IMPROVEMENTS IN TRACTION ENGINES.
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Type at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 9th September 1879.
JOSEPH TYPE, of Barton Hill, Shaftesbury, in the County of Dorset, Engineer.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN TRACTION ENGINES.
This Invention has for its object to improve the means used for propelling
traction engines and to provide a traction engine of comparatively light weight
applicable generally for hauling purposes, not only in the road, but also on the
farm, and also applicable for driving thrashing and other machines.
The engine is formed with a tubular boiler, with fire box and smoke box, similar
to the boilers now commonly used for portable engines. The fire box end of the
boiler is supported on a pair of wheels whilst its front end is supported on a single
wheel which serves as a steerage wheel. The shell of the fire box has bearings
fixed to it which carry a cross shaft formed with six or other number of throws
or eccentrics; this shaft has motion transmitted to it from the crank shaft of the
engine. Below the circular portion of the boiler are fixed a corresponding number
of longitudinal guide rods which are horizontal or approximately so. Upon each of
these rods is a sliding block coupled by a connecting rod with one of the cranks
or eccentrics of the shaft before mentioned. Each sliding block has also jointed
to it a tubular rod or leg, which extends downwards and backwards at an angle to
the ground. On the lower end of each leg is a foot, shaped preferably to the form
of a horse's foot, somewhat hollowed in the centre, with a comparatively narrow
bearing surface all around.
As the sliding blocks are moved to and fro along the guide rods, the feet are
correspondingly moved to and fro and propel the engine forwards, and after each
foot has done its work it is lifted up from the ground and drawn forward for
another step. The lifting up of the foot is effected by the leg being coupled by a
short chain to the connecting rod that gives the to and fro movement to the
sliding block to which the leg is jointed, so that when this connecting rod is raised
upwards by the crank or eccentric on its return stroke, the foot is lifted with it
and then is afterwards again deposited on to the ground ready for the next stroke.
AN IMPROVED PROCESS AND APPARATUS FOR DEOXYDISING IRON, OR STEEL, OR OTHER METALS
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Morgan, Edward Rice
Daniel, and Llewellyn Howells at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents
on the 17th March 1879.
WILLIAM MORGAN, Analytical and Consulting Chemist, EDWARD RICE DANIEL,
and LLEWELLYN HOWELLS, Tin Plate Manufacturers, all of Swansea, in the County
of Glamorgan. "AN IMPROVED PROCESS AND APPARATUS FOR DEOXYDISING
IRON, OR STEEL, OR OTHER METALS."
The improvements have for their principal object the superseding of the process
of black and white pickling for iron or steel plates as at present practised in the tin
plate trade, and consist in the generation and employment in suitable chambers or
receivers of gases or vapours, or gases and vapours combined, capable of and for
the purpose of reducing and removing the oxides of iron. The Invention is to be
performed by generating and passing hydrogen, coal gas, or other hydro-carbons or
compounds of hydrogen through a chamber containing the plates or iron articles to
be deoxidised, such chambers being heated to a sufficiently high temperature to
cause the combination with the oxides of such gases and vapours, whereby the
oxygen is removed and the iron is then deoxidized. Also in the deoxidation of the
plates by coating them with tar, glue, powdered charcoal, sawdust, resin, pitch, or
any carbonaceous material or compounds, such as soot, lampblack, or other products
of the imperfect combustion of such carbonaceous materials, and by subjecting such
coated plates to a sufficiently high temperature
IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR COLLECTING FLOUR AND OTHER DUST FROM THE AIR DISCHARGED BY THE FANS OF FLOUR MILLS AND OTHER MACHINES
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Theodore Mattock Clarke at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 11th August 1879.
THEODORE MATTOCK CLARKE, of Bury, in the County of Lancaster.
IMPROVED
APPARATUS FOR COLLECTING FLOUR AND OTHER DUST FROM THE AIR DISCHARGED
BY THE FANS OF FLOUR MILLS AND OTHER MACHINES."
"
"
This Invention is designed principally for filtering the air proceeding from the
fans and collecting the flour and other dust therefrom in the stive rooms or
"dust chamber" of flour mills, but it is also equally applicable for filtering
air and collecting dust therefrom in connection with the fans of other machines.
The air may be filtered either as it is discharged from the fan or in the duct
between the machine and the exhaust fan before it enters the latter. I will
however here describe the apparatus as arranged to filter the air as it is discharged
from the fan into the stive room or dust chamber of a flour mill.
The air is conducted into the upper part of a closed chamber in such a way that
it is forced downwards through an endless travelling filter cloth, which is of the
same width as the chamber, and passes round three or more rollers, forming as it
were a false bottom to the chamber.
The duct for the air to pass out is at the side (or sides) of the chamber and
between the rollers beneath the endless travelling filtering cloth, so that the air
forced into the chamber is compelled to pass through the filter cloth or false bottom
before it can be discharged. This cloth is made of a suitable material which will
allow the air to pass through, but will arrest any particles of flour or dust which
will remain upon its upper surface.
When the travelling filter cloth reaches the side of the chamber it passes round
a roller close to the wall, and as it passes round this roller, the flour and dust will
fall from the surface into a hopper below, whence it may be removed by an endless
screw or otherwise, or if the lower part of the chamber be hoppered on all sides, it
may be caught in a sack or other receptacle at the bottom. In order to ensure the
removal of all the flour or dust and to keep the filter cloth clean and its meshes
open I run one or more revolving brushes in contact with the surface of the cloth
below the side rollers. The air thus filtered and deprived of all flour or dust, may
be used over again to supply the fans, and thus the admission of cold air into the
mill may be dispensed with.

page_text: In cases where it is not desired to filter the air but only to collect and remove
the flour or dust as it falls, the discharge opening from the chamber may be above
the endless travelling cloth, and the latter will then only serve to collect the flour
and dust as it falls, and remove it out of the influence of the current of air produced
by the fan.
5