Improvements in Apparatus for Pumping or Raising Liquids.
Year: 1892

page_text: Date of Application, 11th Oct., 1892-Accepted, 14th Jan., 1893
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COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Apparatus for Pumping or Raising Liquids.
1, EDWARD HARDING WEATHERHEAD, Manufacturer, residing at No. 21 Frank-
fort Street, Cleveland, Cuyahoga County, Ohio, United States of America, do
hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is, to be
performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement :-
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When a liquid is forced from a cask by means of air forced against the surface
of the liquid, it is liable to deteriorate in quality and, become stale. The object of
my invention is to avoid this, and to provide for pumping liquids by water power,
first, by, raising the liquid by means of suction from the cask into a suitable
receptacle, and then, by forcing it out, of such receptacle by water power into the
vessel in which it is to be received; and my invention consists in the features and
détails of construction hereinafter described.
In the accompanying drawing
I
*
Figure 1 is a vertical central section of my improved apparatus; and
Figure 2 is a similar section through the, cock, with the parts in the reverse
position.
In constructing my improved apparatus, I first make, a cylinder A of any suitable
material and of any desired dimensions, say for instance, of a size to hold a quart.
To the bottom of this cylinder I attach another cylinder B, the diameter of which
must be less than the diameter of the cylinder A. The cylinder A is provided
with a piston, A', and the cylinder B with a piston B', each of these pistons being
suitably packed to tightly, fit the cylinder in which it is placed. These pistons are
connected, preferably, by means of a rod C passing, through a stuffing box c in the
partition separating the two cylinders. The lower cylinder is provided with an
opening for the admission, and escape of air, to prevent the formation of a vacuum
beneath the piston B'. The cylinder B is connected by means of a pipe, D with
any suitable source of water supply, as for instance, the city main.
1 next construct a valve chamber E, in which is a flap valve e opening upwards
only. This valve chamber is connected, by means of a pipe F with the cask
containing the liquid which it is desired to pump, and which may be located in the
cellar
or any other place desired, and by a pipe with the cylinder A.
"
The cock G is shown, in the drawings as attached to the outside of a refrigerator,
while the cylinders are placed inside thereof for the purpose of cooling the liquid
which is being pumped.
The chamber in which the plug, G' is located connects with the pipe D by means
of a pipe D', with the cylinder A by means of a pipe H, and with the pipe F¹ by
means of a pipe H¹ and the cock G which is closed, as shown, at its rearward end,
is.provided with a waste pipe H², preferably at its lower side.
The plug G¹ is provided with several passages or ports as shown. The port 9,
O extending through the plug in line with the pipe H and the spout h¹; the ports g¹
of which there is one at each side of the plug, connecting the pipes D' and H, and
the port g, running from the pipe H to the bottom of the plug, connecting such pipe
with the exhaust pipe H through the cock chamber, as shown. There is also an
annular passage g³ connecting, as shown, with the exhaust port; the object of this
being to collect any water. that may creep upwards along the side of, the plug and
return it to the exhaust.
"
The parts, being constructed and put together in the manner described, and
being in the position shown in Fig. 1 operate as follows: Water is admitted
through the pipe D into the cylinder B. It cannot pass up through the
.

page_text: pipe D since the plug G¹ is turned to close the upper end of this pipe.
The water acting upon the upper surface of the piston B' forces it downward,
carrying along the piston A¹ which, as above stated, is connected with the piston B¹
As the pipe H' is closed by the plug, air cannot enter the upper end of the
cylinder A, and as the piston A' moves downward in such cylinder, it tends to
create a vacuum therein. This raises the valve e and draws up the liquid to be
pumped through the pipes F F, into the cylinder A, until such cylinder is filled, or
the plug turned as hereinafter set forth. The length of the two cylinders is
preferably so proportioned that when the cylinder A is full the piston B' shall
reach the bottom of the cylinder B, so as to be unable to move farther.
The cylinder A now being filled, when it is desired to force the liquid through
the cock, the plug is turned into the position shown in Figure 2. The water
entering through the pipe D now passes upward through the pipe D' the port g',
and by means of the pipe H enters the cylinder A beneath the piston.
The area
of this piston being larger than the area of the piston B', the water pressure thereon
counterbalances the water pressure upon the piston B' and forces both pistons
upward. The contents of the cylinder A is forced out through the pipe F", and
since it cannot pass the valve E, it passes through the pipe H and the port 9 out
through the spout h₁. Meanwhile the water in the cylinder B is gradually forced
out by the rising of the piston B', passes up the pipe D', through the port gl and
by way of the pipe H into the cylinder A, where it assists in raising such cylinder.
When the plug is turned back into the position shown in Figure 1 shutting off the
flow of liquid and closing the pipe H' and the connection between the pipes D and H,
the process already described takes place again; the piston B' being forced down-
wards and drawing along the piston A' to suck in more liquid through the pipes F F¹.
As the piston A falls, the water in the cylinder A is forced out through the pipe H,
and passing through the port g² escapes through the waste pipe H'. This escaping
water circulating among the pipes H H' and D tends to cool them and prevent the
heating of the liquid as it passes out. It will thus be seen that with this apparatus
a considerable part of the water is used twice, being first introduced into the
cylinder B to force down the piston B', and then passing from such cylinder into
the cylinder A to raise the piston A¹.
It will further be seen that at no time is the liquid being pumped under pressure
in the cask. As the piston A' moves downward, the liquid is raised by means of
suction into the cylinder A, and as such piston moves upward, the valve e being
closed no pressure can be exerted through the pipe F. In other words, the liquid
is first raised by suction into the cylinder A, and afterwards expelled by direct
pressure.
It is evident that various modifications of this device may be made; the principle
of raising by suction and expelling by pressure only upon the liquid so raised,
remaining the same. For instance, in place of the cylinder B and piston B' a
weight might be attached to that end of the piston rod C, which extends out of the
cylinder A. When so constructed, the parts being in the position shown in Figure 1,
the piston A would be drawn down by means of the weight sucking up the liquid
to be pumped; and when the plug was turned into the position shown in Figure 2
water would pass through the pipe D' and the port g' into the lower end of the
cylinder A and raise the piston to expel the liquid, as already described. When
the piston A' was drawn down again, the water being beneath it would escape
through the pipes H H. The only difference then would be, that the cylinder B
and pipe D would be omitted, and a weight substituted for the piston B'.
Again, the pipes D D', H and H2 might be omitted and a double valve connected
with the cylinders A and B, so constructed as to first admit the water above the
piston B' and exhaust it from beneath the piston A' and then, the valve being reversed,
to exhaust from above the piston B₁ and admit beneath the piston A', the pistons
being moved in each direction by the direct pressure of the water, and the water
in such case, as well as in the modification first described, being used but once.
Aside from the advantages of keeping all pressure off the surface of the liquid

page_text: to be pumped, until it has been received into the cylinder A, there are other
advantages attendant upon the use of my apparatus. The apparatus being placed
in a refrigerator, the liquid is kept cool. Again, by graduating the size of the
cylinder A, the apparatus may be useful for bottling. For example, if the cylinder
be made to hold exactly a quart, when all of the liquid therein has been pumped
into a bottle, it will be known that said bottle contains exactly a quart and similarly
if a cylinder be made to hold a greater or less quantity of liquid.
All the liquid in the cylinder A can be drawn off, or any such portion of it as
may be desired, and whenever the cock is turned into the position shown in Figure
shutting off the flow through the pipe H¹, the cylinder will immediately and speedily
refill itself.
The device is simple, automatic and easily constructed and operated; and the
method which is carried out by means of this apparatus is a great improvement on
those formerly in use.
It should, of course, be understood that it is not essential for the various pipes,
valves, &c., to be arranged in precisely the relative position shown in the drawings
nor is it essential that they should be of the precise dimensions shown, since the
form, size and relative location of the various parts of the apparatus may be varied
as desired, and as rendered necessary by the circumstances of the case.
My invention is especially applicable to the pump for liquids commonly used, as
beverages from casks or vessels contained in cellars or remote places, and so it will
be understood that I use the word "liquid" in a general sense and in contra-
distinction to water, by which power is produced. For convenience of designation,
I have termed the chamber into which the water is first introduced as the primary
water chamber; the chamber into which the liquid is introduced as the liquid
chamber; and the chamber into which the water is finally introduced to expel the
liquid, as the secondary water chamber.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :--
1. In an apparatus for pumping liquids by water power, the combination of a
liquid chamber connected in use with a cask or liquid supply and provided with
a movable piston head for one of its ends, a water chamber connected in use with a
water supply under pressure and having the said movable piston head for one of its
ends, said chamber being arranged on an axial line and of equal diameter and
means for moving the piston head in that direction that increases the size of the
liquid chamber to cause the liquid to flow into it, substantially as described.
2. In an apparatus for pumping liquids by water power, the combination of a
primary water chamber connected in use with a water supply under pressure, a
liquid chamber connected in use with a cask or liquid supply, and a secondary water
chamber connected in use with a water supply under pressure, said chambers being
arranged on an axial line, substantially as described.
3. In an apparatus for pumping liquids by water power, the combination of a
primary water chamber connected in use with a water supply under pressure, a
liquid chamber connected in use with a cask or liquid supply and provided with
a movable piston head for one of its ends, and a secondary water chamber connected
in use with a water supply under pressure and provided with said last mentioned
movable piston head for one of its ends, said chambers being arranged on an axial
line, substantially as described.
4. In an apparatus for pumping liquids by water power, the combination of a
primary water chamber connected in use with a water supply under pressure and
provided with a movable piston head for one of its ends, a liquid chamber connected
in use with a cask or liquid supply and provided with a movable piston head for
one of its ends, and a secondary water chamber connected in use with a water
supply under pressure and provided with said last mentioned movable piston head

page_text: for one of its ends, said movable piston heads being connected together and moving
in unison and said chambers being arranged on an axial line, substantially.as
described.
Dated this 11th day of October 1892.
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