Improved Method of and Apparatus for Measuring Quantities of Steam, and for Measuring the Work Performed by Steam Engines.
Year: 1892

page_text: Date of Application, 24th Feb., 1892
Complete Specification Left, 23rd Nov., 1892--Accepted, 21st Jan., 1893
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improved Method of and Apparatus for Measuring Quantities
of Steam, and for Measuring the Work Performed by Steam
Engines.
I, FRANZ SEILER of Mannheim, Germany, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare
the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
The weight of steam passing during any given period of time through a conduit
can be determined if the weight be known of the quantity of steam which passes
through the same cross sectional area of pipe in a given unit of time, the pressure
or density of the steam being assumed to be known in each case, because the weight
of the quantity of steam passing in the unit of time, is the product obtained by
multiplying the volume of steam which has passed the known cross section by the
density of the steam which is proportional to the pressure.
If now the cross section of passage in the said steam conduit be assumed to be
variable, as by inserting an automatically movable valve the weight of the quantity
of steam will still be the same, whether the volume or the pressure (or the density) of
the steam in the cross section of passage of the said valve be varied if only the
product of the two factors remains the same.
These variations between the volume and the pressures of steam in the conduit
must however be considered to be known.
Now since the pressure or density (specific weight) of the quantity of steam
passing through a steam conduit in a given unit of time, is also variable, there can
be constructed from the products of these variable values from zero to the maximum
volume, and from zero to the maximum pressure or density, a scale in which the
numbers of the weights from these products are proportional to the series of
numbers in units, tens, hundreds &c.
If now these numerical values, when marked at equal intervals on a scale,
represent the weights of the quantities of steam that have passed through the
steam conduit, it is possible to construct an instrument or apparatus which shall
form these products of the volume of steam and density (pressure) in an automatic
manner, and shall mark the same on a registering mechanism as ordinates of a
diagram or shall add or sum up the same by means of a so-called integrator.
The accompanying drawings illustrate a steam-measuring device for the purpose
mentioned, consisting of an automatically lifting valve (which may be a disc, piston
or flap valve) which is gauged for all positions of its lift, and an indicator with a
so-called multiplying mechanism and registering and integrating device; the
arrangement shewn in Figs. 1-13 being specially designed as a steam measuring
device for steam conduits, whilst Fig. 14 illustrates its application to steam
engines.
5
Figs. 1, 2 and 3, are respectively a front elevation, side elevation, and a cross
section of the complete apparatus.
Fig. 4 illustrates in front elevation and Fig. 5 in plan, the registering apparatus
employed therewith and Figs. 6 to 9 illustrate respectively in front elevation, side
elevation, cross section and plan, the said registering apparatus combined with the
integrating device.
Fig. 6 illustrates the indicator shewn in Fig. 6, in section.
Fig. 10 is a side elevation partly in section of an apparatus, which is similar in
principle to that shewn in Figs. 1 to 3, but differs slightly therefrom in
construction.
Fio 11 is a detail

page_text: Fig. 14 illustrates, as before stated, the application of a complete apparatus to a
steam engine.
I will first describe the apparatus employed as a steam meter for steam conduits
(Figs. 1 to 13). A is a valve casing with valve B, which is shewn as a disc valve
in Fig. 3, and as a piston valve in Figs. 10 and 11. This casing is arranged to
form part of the steam conduit the weight of the steam passing through which is
to be measured. C is the valve rod which transmits the lift of the valve to a
lever D. From this lever D either a thin metal wire E (Figs. 1 to 3) passes over
two (or more) guide pulleys F F to the pull rod g of a sliding or guide piece O
hereinafter referred to or else the lever D is connected directly to the pull rod g
(Fig. 10). H is a steam pipe one end of which passes through the valve casing A
right up to the valve seat, and the other end of which leads to an indicator I
forming part of the registering apparatus for the purpose of transmitting to the
indicator the pressures existing between the valve and its seat.
The registering and integrating apparatus which has direct connection with the
multiplying mechanism and marks the products of the volume and pressures of
the steam, that is to say, the variable weights of the quantities of steam, as
ordinates in a diagram, and at the same time adds up the same in the counting
mechanism of a so-called integrator, comprises the following devices part of which
are directly attached to a bracket plate K. L is a registering drum driven by
clockwork which causes a strip of paper wound on a cylinder to rotate past a
pencil Z at a suitable rate, it may be once in 12 or 24 hours, for the purpose of
drawing a diagram. M and N are upright guides in which two slide-pieces O and P
move up and down. The slide piece O, is connected with the disc or piston valve
through the medium of the pull rod g (provided with a weight b) and the wire E
(Figs. 1 to 4) or through the medium of the extended pull rod 7, lever D and
valve rod C, (Fig. 10). The slide block P which carries the pencil Z of the
registering mechanism, is connected by a rod e with the sliding frame f (Fig. 6) or
with the planimeter wheel k and the counter mechanism m connected therewith.
In the slide pieces O and P are pivot pins with guides Q and R, the latter
connected to P carrying the pencil Z, and through which passes the multiplying or
reducing lever S which is movable therein. This lever S is mounted on a movable
sliding carriage T by the pivot d. The pivot d has also connected to it a pull
rod U U which serves to move the same together with the lever S. Opposite
to this mechanism and screwed to the bracket plate K, is a spring indicator I,
Fig. 6, (or it may be a membrane or diaphragm indicator) the piston rod V of
which is formed with teeth at its upper end and engages with a pinion on a shaft W
which is mounted in the bearing X and carries two cams y and z which rotate in
the direction of the arrow when the indicator piston, or the piston rod V, rises.
On the pinion and cam shaft W there slides forwards or backwards the movable
slotted link U which forms a prolongation of the rod U, according as the stops or
pins and of the slotted link are moved to the right or to the left by rotation of
the cams
and 2.
У
These cams y and 2, of which one is always counter or opposite the other, are
constructed in such a manner that the movements of the slotted link U and the
rod U, and sliding carriage T (which is connected with the rod U at the pivot d),
together with the multiplying lever S (which is capable of rotating and sliding in
the slide pieces O and P and guides Q and R respectively) will correspond to the
pressures under the indicator piston, that is to say, to the steam pressure existing
at all times beneath the valve B and its seat.
The integrating device, as can be seen from the drawings (Figs. 6 to 9) is
arranged under the bracket plate K. It comprises clock work h, which rotates a
plane disc i, it may be for instance once in a minute, and a planimeter wheel k
mounted in a movable frame f, and bearing on the plane disc i, the revolutions of
the guide wheel k being quicker or slower according to its position on the disc i,
and the revolutions of the wheel k being transmitted by worm gear and inter-
mediate wheels to a counter m. The guide frame f which (with planimeter wheel

page_text: and counter) is guided under the guide fillets g, and is pressed by flat springs
against the plane disc i, is connected by means of the rod e with the slide piece P
that carries the pencil Z, so that the planimeter wheel follows exactly the same
path up and down as the pencil Z.
The operation of the complete steam meter for steam conduits is as follows:-
When no steam passes through the conduit, viz. between the valve B and its seat,
and there is also no pressure therein, the multiplying mechanism with the indicator
and the registering and integrating apparatus, are in the zero position, as shewn in
the figs.
But as soon as steam passes through the conduit between the valve B and its seat,
the valve Brises according to the volume of steam passing. This movement of
the valve is transmitted either by the valve rod C and lever mechanism D, or by
means of the wire E of the rod g to the slide piece O, and consequently the
multiplying lever S is raised together with the slide piece P, pencil Z and plani-
meter wheel k. Now as soon as the steam pressure in the passage area between the
disc or piston valve B and its seat, and also under the indicator piston j increases,
the pivot d of the multiplying lever S (which lever is capable of rotation in the
slide pieces O and P, and capable of moving endways in the guides Q and R) is
shifted or caused to move according to the pressure, by means of the rod and slotted
link U U¹, in consequence of the rising of the indicator piston j and rotation of the
cams y and z. Consequently, there takes place a further rising of the guide pin R
and slide piece P (which carry the pencil Z) and of the guide frame suspended
therefrom and carrying the planimeter wheel k.
These changes of position of the measuring valve B, of the multiplying
mechanism, and of the registering and integrating mechanisms effect on the one
hand the registering of the products of the variable volume and pressures of steam,
namely the weights of the amounts of steam passing through the conduit, as
ordinates of a diagram, and on the other hand, the summing up of the said products
on a counter of an integrator to obtain the weight of steam passing during any
given period of time.
As the scale for the diagrams of the registering mechanism, there is assumed
either a steam consumption in kilograms per hour or per minute, and the unit of
the counter of the integrator will also be one kilog. of steam, whilst the scale
itself, and the relation of the wheel gearing between the planimeter wheel and the
counter, will in every case be selected to correspond with the results of the gauging
of the measuring valves.
The determination of the steam weights in the manner hereinbefore described, is
chiefly intended for measuring quantities of steam for heating purposes, which are
not subject to continuously and suddenly increasing and decreasing variations in
volume and pressure in the steam pipes or conduits leading from the steam generator
(steam boiler) to the place of consumption, as is the case in steam conduits for
steam engines.
As is well known, steam engines receive the amounts of steam for the partial
charges of the cylinder, only intermittently, for which reason a measuring valve
inserted in the steam conduit and a multiplying, registering and integrating
mechanism, connected therewith, would at every piston stroke of the steam
engine be subjected to suddenly increasing and diminishing variations in volume
and pressure, which the various mechanisms would not be able to follow up quick
enough by reason of their inertia.
Now in view of the fact that the governor determines the variable amounts
of admission to the cylinder of the steam engine, the governor is very suitable for
use as an apparatus for measuring the volume of steam in place of the steam
measuring valve.
As shown in Fig. 14, the lever a' or the rod 6' (leading to the valve gear) of
the adjusting mechanism c¹ of the governor, is connected by the wire ele by
way of the guide pulleys F2 and F3 with the multiplying, registering and integrating
mechanism.

page_text: Now as is well known the intervals between the movements of the lever a¹
(connected to the adjusting mechanism c¹) are not proportional to the various
amounts of admission to the engine cylinder, but it is necessary that the pro-
portionality of the amounts of admission to the engine cylinder shall be transmitted
to the registering and integrating apparatus, therefore the wire el e² (which passes
otherwise directly over the guide pulleys F2 and F3) is divided into two parts,
of which the first part is attached at one end to the governor lever a', and at the
other end at g¹ to the periphery of a grooved cam F1, whilst the other part e³ is
attached at one end at h' to the guide pulley F2 (which is connected to the cam F'),
and at the other end to the slide piece O, which guides the multiplying lever S.
The cam Fis constructed in such a manner that when rotated through of a
revolution, it will transmit the non-proportionate movements of the governor
lever by means of the two wire arrangements in a proportional manner (that
is to say at equal intervals, corresponding to the amounts of admission to the
engine cylinder) to the multiplier or to the registering and integrating apparatus.
The registering and integrating apparatus together with the mechanisms apper-
taining thereto for determining the weights of steam admitted to the engine
cylinder in steam engines, is in principle and construction essentially the same as in
the steam meter for recording and integrating the weight of steam passing through
pipe conduits, but with the modification that the pressure of the steam admitted to
the cylinder is transmitted to the indicator I from the steam engine by means of a
steam pipe H' from the slide valve chest or from the steam space between the steam
cylinder and its steam jacket.
In this mode of measuring the weight of steam, it is more advantageous to
determine the weight of steain admitted to the cylinder admissions, with reference
to revolutions (double piston-strokes) of the steam engine, rather than to periods of
time; this being effected by replacing the clockwork of the registering drum and
that for driving the plane disc i of the integrator, by a common ratchet mechanism
which can be driven by a stroke or revolution counter mounted on the dis-
tributing shaft, or on the fly wheel shaft of the steam engine.
This ratchet mechanism is indicated in elevation in the integrator shown in
Fig. 14 and consists of the ratchet wheel r, lever s, pawl t, and wire e³ which
passes over one or more guide pulleys F4 to the operating lever of the stroke or
revolution counter. The recording drum L of the registering apparatus is driven
by wheel gearing connected with the shaft of the disc i, said wheel gearing not
being shown in Fig. 14.
The operation of this steam meter for steam engines is analogous to that of the
steam meter for steam conduits. When the steam engine is at rest, the governor
lever a is in the lowest position, corresponding to the greatest amount of admission
to the cylinder, but the multiplying lever S is in the position shown in Fig. 14, the
movable pivot d of the same being at zero pressure. Now as soon as steam is
admitted to the engine, the multiplying mechanism will move correspondingly to
the pressure in the slide valve chest or in the steam jacket, as will also be the case
with the pencil Z and the planimeter wheel k. But only after the engine has
started, will the variable admissions to the cylinder be registered and integrated, the
weights of the amounts of steam entering the cylinder at every stroke of the piston,
being transmitted to the registering and integrating apparatus, as products of the
volume of steam (proportional to the amounts of admission), and the pressure or
density on one hand by means of the positions of the governor, and on the other
hand by means of the indicator and the inultiplying mechanism.
The scale for the diagrams of the registering apparatus may be graduated also
in this case to a steam consumption in kilogs. per hour or per minute, the unit of
the counting mechanism of the integrator being one kilog. and the scale, as also the
relations of the gearing between the planimeter wheel and the counting mechanism
are determined for each steam engine with reference to the piston area and piston
stroke by calculation, and by gauging the steam consumption of the same at various
admissions to the cylinder and various pressures of admission.

page_text: The arrangement described with reference to Fig. 14, for the determination of
the steam consumption of a steam engine, can also be employed on substantially
the same principle and the same construction for the registration and integration
of the average steam pressure in atmospheres, or of the work done by steam engines
in indicated and effective horsepower.
that
Assuming that a steam engine has a prompt governing action, that is to say,
the number of revolutions of the same can be assumed to be constant, then in the
case of varying loads, with reference to the work done by a steam engine, the only
variable factors in determining the work done are the so-called mean or average
steam pressures corresponding to the admissions to the cylinder, because the
numerical values of the piston area the piston stroke and the number of revolutions
of the engine can be taken as being constant.
To every amount of work done by the steam engine there corresponds therefore
a certain average steam pressure, which as is well known can be calculated from a
diagram taken from the engine by means of an indicator. This average steam
pressure however can be found from a series of diagrams, according as the boiler
pressure or admission pressure and the corresponding cylinder admission vary, the
load remaining the same, the cylinder admissions are therefore directly dependent
on the admission pressures, and every admission to the cylinder has a corresponding
position of the governor.
If now a series of indicator diagrams be taken from the steam engine at varying
loads (work done) and varying boiler pressures and admission pressures, and the
average steam pressures be calculated from the series of diagrams, and the corre-
sponding positions of the governor and indicator be considered in connection
therewith, that is to say, the corresponding positions of the governor at the various
admission pressures be made into a scale, then for every engine a corresponding
diagram can be made, according to which the transmission of the positions of the
governor to the multiplying mechanism is arranged in such a manner that the
variable amounts of work done by the engine are corrected proportionally by
the simultaneous co-operation of the indicator I, that is to say, are transmitted at
equal intervals to the registering and integrating apparatus.
Dated this 24th day of February 1892.
F. SEILER,
By L. W., per F. B.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improved Method of and Apparatus for Measuring Quantities
of Steam, and for Measuring the Work Performed by Steam
Engines.
I, FRANZ SEILER of Mannheim, Germany, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare
the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement :--
The weight of steam passing during any given period of time through a conduit
can be determined if the weight be known of the quantity of steam which passes
through the same cross sectional area of pipe in a given unit of time, the pressure
or density of the steam being assumed to be known in each case, because the weight
of the quantity of steam passing in the unit of time, is the product obtained by
multiplying the volume of steam which has passed the known cross section, by the
density of the steam which is proportional to the pressure.
If now the cross sectional area of passage in the said steam conduit be assumed
to be made variable, as by inserting therein an automatically movable valve, the
weight of the quantity of steam will still be the same, whether the volume or the
pressure (or the density) of the steam in the cross section of passage of the said
valve be varied if only the product of the two factors remains the same.

page_text: These variations between the volume and the pressure of steam in the conduit
inust however be considered to be known.
Now since the pressure or density (specific weight) of the quantity of steam
passing through a steam conduit in a given unit of time, is also variable, there can
be constructed from the products of these variable values from zero to the
maximum volume, and from zero to the maximum pressure or density, a scale in
which the numbers of the weights from these products are proportional to the
series of numbers in units, tens, hundreds &c.
If now these numerical values, when marked at equal intervals on a scale,
represent the weights of the quantities of steam that have passed through the
steam conduit, it is possible to construct an instrument or apparatus which shall
give these products of the volume of steam and density (pressure) in an automatic
manner, and shall mark the same on a registering mechanism as ordinates of a
diagram or shall add or sum up the same by means of a so-called integrator.
The drawings filed with my Provisional Specification illustrate a steam-measuring
device for the purpose mentioned, consisting of an automatically lifting valve (it
may be a disc, piston, or flap valve) gauged for all positions of its lift, and an
indicator with a so-called multiplying mechanism and registering and integrating
device;
the arrangement shown in Figs. 1 to 13 inclusive being specially designed
as a steam measuring device for steam conduits, whilst Fig. 14 illustrates its
application to steam engines.
Figs. 1, 2 and 3 are respectively a front elevation, side elevation, and a cross
section of the complete apparatus.
Fig. 4 illustrates in front elevation; and
Fig. in plan the registering apparatus employed therewith.
Figs. 6, 7, 8 and 9 illustrate respectively in front elevation, side elevation, cross
section, and plan the said registering apparatus combined with the integrating
device.
Fig. 6 illustrates in section the indicator shown in Fig. 6.
Fig. 10 is a side elevation partly in section of an apparatus, which is similar in
principle to that shown in Figs. 1 to 3, but differs slightly therefrom in con-
struction.
Fig. 11 is a detail view.
Figs. 12 and 13 are similar views to Figs. 4 and 5 illustrating a modification.
Fig. 14 illustrates, as before stated, the application of a complete apparatus to a
steam engine.
The figures are drawn to different scales.
I will first describe the apparatus employed as a steam meter for steam conduits
(Figs. 1 to 13).
A is a valve casing with valve B, which is shown as a disc valve in Fig. 3, and
as a piston valve in Figs. 10 and 11. This casing is arranged to form part of the
steam conduit the weight of the steam passing through which is to be measured.
C is the valve rod which transmits the lift of the valve to a lever D. From this
lever D either a thin metal wire E (Figs. 1 to 3) passes over two (or more) guide
pulleys F, F, to the pull-rod g of a sliding or guide piece O hereinafter referred to
or else the lever D is connected directly to the pull rod g (Fig. 10). H is a steam
pipe one end of which passes through the valve casing A right up to the valve
seat, and the other end of which leads to an indicator forming part of the
registering apparatus for the purpose of transmitting to the indicator the pressures
existing between the valve and its seat.
The registering and integrating apparatus which has direct connection with the
multiplying mechanism and marks the products of the volume and pressures of the
steam, that is to say, the variable weights of the quantities of steam, as ordinates in
a diagram, and at the same time adds up the same in the counting mechanism of a
so-called integrator, comprises the following devices part of which are directly
attached to a bracket plate K. L is a registering drum driven by clockwork which
causes a strip of paper wound on a suitably arranged cylinder to rotate past a

page_text: pencil Z at a suitable rate, it may be once in 12 or 24 hours, for the purpose of
drawing a diagram. M and N are upright guides in which two slide-pieces O
and P move up and down. The slide-piece O, is connected with the disc or piston
valve through the medium of the pull-rod g (provided with a weight) and the
wire E (Figs. 1 to 4) or through the medium of the extended pull rod g, lever D
and valve rod C (Fig. 10). The slide block P which carries the pencil Z of the
registering mechanism, is connected by a rod e with the sliding frame ƒ (Fig. 6),
carrying the planimeter wheel k and the counter mechanism m connected
therewith.
In the slide pieces O and P are pivot pins with guides Q and R respectively.
Through the latter which is connected to P and carries the pencil Z passes a multiply-
ing or reducing lever S which is movable endways therein and is mounted on a movable
sliding carriage T by a pivot d. The pivot d has also connected to it a pull rod U
which serves to move the same together with the lever S. Opposite to this
mechanism and screwed to the bracket plate K, is a spring indicator 1, Fig. 6A, (or
it may be a membrane or diaphragm indicator) the piston rod V of which is formed
with teeth at its upper end and engages with a pinion on a shaft W which is mounted
in the bearing X and carries two cams y and z which rotate in the direction of the
arrow when the indicator piston, or the piston rod V, rises. On the pinion and cam
shaft W slides a movable slotted link U, which forms a prolongation of the rod U.
This link is moved forwards or backwards according as the stops or pins s' and s² of
the slotted link are moved to the right or to the left by rotation of the cams
and =
which act against the pins s' and s² respectively.
These cams y and z, of which one is always counter or opposite the other, are
constructed in such a manner that the novements of the slotted link U' and of the
rod U, and sliding carriage T (which is connected with the rod U at the pivot d),
together with the multiplying lever S, (which is capable of rocking about its
pivot d and of sliding in the guides Q and R which are able to rock in the slide
pieces OP respectively) will correspond to the pressures under the indicator
piston, that is to say, to the steam pressure existing at all times beneath the valve B
and its seat.
The integrating device, as can be seen from the drawings (Figs. 6 to 9) is
arranged under the bracket plate K. It comprises clock-work h, which rotates a
plane disc i, it may be for instance once in a minute, and a planimeter wheel & that
is mounted in the movable frame f, and bears on the plane disc i, the revolutions of
the said wheel & being quicker or slower according to its position on the disc i, and
the revolutions of the wheel being transmitted by worm gear and intermediate
wheels to a counter m. The guide frame which with planimeter wheel and
counter is guided under the guide-fillets g, and is pressed by Hat springs against the
plane disc i, is connected by means of the rod e with the slide piece P, that carries
the pencil Z so that the planimeter wheel k follows exactly the up and down
movements of the pencil Z.
--
The operation of the complete steam meter for steam conduits is as follows:-
When no steam passes through the conduit, viz. between the valve B and its seat,
and there is also no pressure therein, the multiplying mechanism with the indicator
and the registering and integrating apparatus, are in the zero position, as shown in
the several figures.
As soon however as steam passes through the conduit between the valve B and
its seat, the valve B rises to an extent depending upon the volume of steam passing.
This movement of the valve is transmitted by the valve rod C and lever
mechanism D either indirectly or by means of the wire E or directly to the rod
and thence to the slide piece O, whereby the multiplying lever S is raised together
with the slide piece P pencil Z and planimeter wheel k.
g
Now as soon as the steam pressure in the passage area between the disc or piston
valve B and its sent, and also under the indicator piston ; increases, the pivot d of
the multiplying lever S (which lever is capable of rotation in the slide pieces (
aud P', and capable of moving end ways in the guides Q and R) is shifted or caused

page_text: to move according to the pressure, by means of the rod and slotted link U. U¹ in
consequence of the rising of the indicator piston j and rotation of the cams y and z.
Consequently, there takes place a further rising of the guide R and slide piece P
(which carry the pencil Z) and of the guide frame suspended therefrom and
carrying the planimeter wheel k.
These changes of position of the measuring valve B of the multiplying mechanism,
and of the registering and integrating mechanism, effect on the one hand the
registering of the products of the variable volume and pressures of steam, viz.
the weights of the amounts of steam passing through the conduit, as ordinates
of a diagram, and on the other hand, the summing up of the said products on
the counter of an integrator to obtain the weight of steam passing during any given
period of time.
As the scale for the diagrams of the registering mechanism, there is assumed
either a steam consumption in kilogrammes per hour or per minute, and the unit of
the counter of the integrator will also be 1 kilog. of steam, whilst the scale itself,
and the relation of the wheel gearing between the planimeter wheel and the counter,
will in every case be selected to correspond with the results of the gauging of the
measuring valves.
The determination of the steam weights in the manner hereinbefore described, is
chiefly intended for measuring quantities of steam for heating purposes, which are
not subject to continuously and suddenly increasing and decreasing variations in
volume and pressure in the steam pipes or conduits leading from the steam
generator (steam boiler) to the place of consumption, as is the case in steam
conduits for steam engines.
As is well known, steam engines receive the amounts of steam for the partial
charges of the cylinder, only intermittently, for which reason a measuring valve
inserted in the steam conduit and a multiplying, registering and integrating
mechanism, connected therewith, would at every piston stroke of the steam engine
be subjected to sudden changes corresponding to the suddenly increasing and
diminishing variations in the steam volume and pressure, which changes the various
parts would not be able to follow up quick enough by reason of their inertia.
Now in view of the fact that the governor determines the variable amounts of
admission to the cylinder of the steam engine, the governor is very suitable for
use as an apparatus for measuring the volume of steam in place of the steam
measuring valve.
As shown in Fig. 14, the lever a¹ or the rod 61 (leading to the valve gear) of the
adjusting mechanism c', of the governor, is connected by the wire elby way of
the guide pulleys F2 and F3 with the multiplying registering and integrating
mechanism shown in Figs. 12 and 13.
Now as is well known the intervals between the movements of the lever a¹
(connected to the adjusting mechanism c¹) are not proportional to the various
amounts of admission to the engine cylinder, but it is necessary that the proportion-
ality of the amounts of admission to the engine cylinder should be transmitted to
the registering and integrating apparatus, therefore the wire el e² (which passes
otherwise directly over the guide pulleys F2 and F³) is divided into two parts, of
which the first part e' is attached at one end to the governor lever a', and at the
other end at g¹ to the periphery of a grooved cam F', whilst the other part e is
attached at one end at h' to the guide pulley F2 (which is connected to the cam
disc F¹), and at the other end to the slide piece O, which guides the multiplying
lever S.
The cam F is constructed in such a manner that when rotated through of a
revolution, it will transmit the non-proportionate movements of the governor lever
by means of the two wire-arrangements in a proportional manner (that is to say, at
equal intervals, corresponding to the amounts of admission to the engine cylinder)
to the multiplier or to the registering and integrating apparatus.
The registering and integrating apparatus together with the mechanism connected
. thereto for determining the weights of steam admitted, to the engine cylinder in

page_text: steam engines, is in principle and construction essentially the same as in the steam-
meter hereinbefore described, for recording and integrating the weight of steam
passing through pipe conduits, but with the modification that the pressure of the
steam admitted to the cylinder transmitted to the indicator I from the steam engine
by means of a steam pipe H' from the slide valve chest or from the steam space
between the steam cylinder and its steam jacket.
In this mode of measuring the weight of steam, it is more advantageous to
determine the weights of steam admitted to the cylinder with reference to
revolutions, (double piston strokes) of the steam engine, rather than to periods of
time, this being effected by replacing the clockwork of the registering drum and
that for driving the planimeter disc of the integrator, by a common ratchet
mechanism which can be driven by a stroke- or revolution-counter mounted on the
distributing or valve operating shaft or on the flywheel shaft of the steam engine.
This ratchet mechanism is indicated in elevation in the integrator shown in
Fig. 14, and consists of the ratchet wheel r, lever s, pawl t, and wire e³ which.
passes over one or more guide pulleys F4 to the operating lever of the stroke or
revolution counter. The recording drum L of the registering apparatus is driven
by wheel gearing connected with the shaft of the disc i, said wheel gearing not
being shown in Fig. 14.
The operation of this steam meter for steam engines is analogous to that of the
steam meter for steam conduits. When the steam engine is at rest, the governor
lever a¹ is in the lowest position, corresponding to the greatest amount of admission
to the cylinder, but the multiplying lever S is in the position shown in Fig. 14, the
movable pivot d of the same being at zero pressure. Now as soon as steam is
admitted to the engine, the multiplying mechanism will move correspondingly to
the pressure in the slide valve chest or in the steam jacket, as will also be the case
with the pencil Z and the planimeter wheel k. But only after the engine has
started, will the variable admissions to the cylinder be registered and integrated,
the weights of the amounts of steam entering the cylinder at every stroke of the
piston, being transmitted to the registering and integrating apparatus, as products
of the volume of steam (proportional to the amounts of admission) and the pressure
or density on one hand by means of the position of the governor, and on the other
hand by means of the indicator and the multiplying mechanism.
The scale for the diagrams of the registering apparatus may be graduated also
in this case to a steam consumption in kilogs. per hour or per minute, and the unit
of the counting mechanism of the integrator being one kilog.; the scale, as also the
relations of the gearing between the planimeter wheel and the counting mechanism,
are determined for each steam engine with reference to the piston area and piston
stroke by calculation, and by gauging the steam consumption of the engine at
various admissions to the cylinder and various pressures of admission.
The arrangement described with reference to Fig. 14, for the determination of
the steam consumption of a steam engine, can also be eniployed on substantially
the same principle and the same construction for the registration and integration
of the average steam pressure in atmospheres, or of the work done by steam engines
in indicated and effective horse power.
Assuming that a steam engine has a prompt governing action, that is to say, that
the number of revolutions of the same can be assumed to be constant, then in the
case of varying loads, with reference to the work done by a steam engine, the only
variable factors in determining the work done are the so called mean or average
steam pressures corresponding to the admissions to the cylinder, because the
numerical values of the piston area the piston stroke and the number of revolutions
of the engine can be taken as being constant.
To every amount of work done by the steam engine there corresponds therefore
a certain average steam pressure, which as is well known can be calculated from a
diagram taken from the engine by means of an indicator. This average steam
pressure however can be found from a series of diagrams according as the boiler
pressure or admission pressure and the corresponding cylinder admission vary, the

page_text: load remaining the same. The cylinder admissions are therefore directly dependent
on the admission pressures, and every admission to the cylinder has a corresponding
position of the governor.
If now a series of indicator diagrams be taken from the steam engine at varying
loads (work done) and varying boiler pressures and admission pressures, and the
average steam pressures be calculated from the series of diagrams, and the corre-
sponding positions of the governor and indicator be considered in connection there-
with, that is to say, the corresponding positions of the governor at the various
admission pressures be made into a scale, then for every engine a corresponding
diagram can be made, according to which the transmission of motion from the
governor, (due to varying positions thereof) to the multiplying mechanism can be
arranged in such a manner that the variable amounts of work done by the engine
are corrected proportionally by the simultaneous co-operation of the indicator I,
that is to say, are transmitted at equal intervals to the registering and integrating
apparatus.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. The herein described method of measuring the quantity of steam passing
through a conduit or utilized in a steam engine in a given time, by transmitting
motion from a device, such as a valve or governor the extent of movement of which
is dependent upon the volume of steam passing through the said conduit, or to the
said steam engine, to multiplying registering and integrating mechanism that is
also subjected to the action of a pressure indicating device the movement of which
varies in accordance with the variations in the pressure of the said steam, substan-
tially in the manner hereinbefore described with reference to the drawings.
2. For carrying out the method referred to in the preceding claim, an apparatus
in which a steam volume measuring-apparatus such as the measuring valve B or
the governor of a steam engine is caused to operate a multiplying or reducing
lever S, to which motion is also imparted (it may be by means of a rack V,
wheel W, cam discs y z and rod U₁ U) from a pressure indicating device I subject
to the pressure of the steam the quantity of which is to be measured, the arrange-
ment being such that the travel of a point or pencil Z operated from the said
lever S is proportional to the product of the two variable factors, volume and
pressure, so that when this travel takes place in front of a scale, or is marked on
a registering drum L, the quantity of steam, or the work done, can be read off, or
the products obtained can be summed up on a counter by an integrating apparatus
substantially as described.
3. In apparatus of the kind referred to in the preceding claim, a multiplying
or reducing lever S arranged to slide in guides rotatably connected with two
slides O and P that are guided in standards M and N and of which the slide O
is arranged to be operated by the steam volume measuring device, whilst the
other slide P carries a pencil Z, the said lever S being moved in a direction
different from that of the movement of the slide piece O through the medium
of a rod U U₁ by one or two cams y and actuated by an indicator I, so that
the pencil Z can mark its position upon a registering drum L moved past it by
means of clock-work or ratchet mechanism as set forth.
4. In apparatus of the kind referred to in Claim 3, an integrating apparatus
comprising a planimeter wheel k arranged to be moved by the slide piece P
carrying the pencil Z, on a plane disc i actuated by clock work or ratchet
mechanism, the revolutions of the said wheel k which are quicker or slower
according to its position on the disc, being transmitted to a counter m from which
the weights of steam consumed in a given period of time or the work done by
a steam engine can be read off substantially as described.
5. In apparatus of the kind referred to in Claim 3 and wherein the move-
ments of a governor are employed to determine the volume of steam admitted to a

page_text: steam engine, transmitting the movements of the said governor to the lever S of
the multiplying and registering mechanism by means of a wire connection e¹ e² one
of which (e) is connected with a suitable cam F¹ from which motion is transmitted
to the other (e) substantially as and for the purposes described.
6. The improved apparatus for measuring quantities of steam and other gaseous
fluids and for measuring the work performed by fluid pressure engines, constructed
arranged and operating substantially as hereinbefore described with reference
respectively to and shown in Figs. 1 to 13 inclusive and in Fig. 14 of the
drawings.
DJ
1000
W. LLOYD WISE,
Per F. J. Brougham,
46, Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, W.C., Agent for the Applicant.