Mortising Machines.
Year: 1893

page_text: Date of Application, 11th Apr., 1893-Accepted, 17th June, 1893
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Mortising Machines.
I, CHRISTIAN LOETSCHER, City of Dubuque, County of Dubuque, State of
Iowa, U.S.A., Manufacturer do hereby declare the nature of this invention, and
in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement:-
My invention is an improvement in the class of chain tool mortising machines.
The invention consists of adjustable blocks controlling the clamping device for
holding the material to the bed plate.
The invention further consists of a suction fan arranged in close proximity to the
chain tool to remove the chips therefrom.
My invention further consists of an improved tension bar, upon which the chain
tool is mounted and more particularly in providing a bearing of large wearing
surface and free lubrication for the axle of the wheel upon which the chain tool
revolves.
The invention further consists of certain parts and details and combinations of
the same, as will be hereinafter described and then pointed out in the claims.
Reference is to be had to the accompanying drawings forming a part of this
Specification, in which similar letters of reference indicate corresponding parts in
all the figures.
Figure 1 is a front elevation of the improvement.
Figure 2 is a side elevation of the same.
Figure 3 is a sectional side elevation of the same on the line 3-3 of Figure 1.
Figure 4 is an enlarged front view of the adjustable blocks for controlling the
clamping device, with parts in section.
Figure 5 is a side elevation of one of the said blocks.
Figure 6 is a front elevation of the chain tool bar.
Figure 7 represents a part sectional view of same and part side elevation showing
chain tool.
Figure 8. a perspective of one of the outer links of the endless chain tool, and
Figure 9. a perspective of one of the inner links of the same.
The improved mortising machine is mounted on a suitable column A, from the
rear of which extends a frame A¹, carrying the shafting hereinafter more fully
described. On the front of the column A are arranged the vertical guideways A',
on the lower part of which is fitted to slide the bed plate frame B, formed at its
front with a semi-circular recess B', into which fits a correspondingly-shaped
tilting frame C, adapted to be clamped to the bed plate frame by bolts C', held
in the said bed plate frame, aud passing through slots in the said tilting frame C.
From the latter extend forwardly, guideways C² in which is fitted to slide trans-
versely the bed plate D, adapted to support the article to be mortised.
The transverse adjustment of the bed plate D is accomplished by the usual
screw E screwing in the tilting frame C and turning loosely in a projection on the
front end of the said bed plate D, the outer end of the screw being provided with
a suitable handle E' for turning the screw to move the bed plate D in or out on
the guideways C. In the top of the bed plate D is formed a transversely-extending
recess in which is fitted to slide a clamping plate F, for locking the material to be
mortised in place on the bed plate D, the back of the material resting on a
vertically-arranged gage G, supported on the bed plate D, as hereinafter more
fully described.
On a lug of the clamping plate F screws a bolt F1, carrying on its inner end a
plate F, abutting against the front side of the material under treatment.
By adjusting the screw F¹, the plate F2 can be moved in or out so as to bring.

page_text: the said plate in proper position relative to the thickness of the material under
treatment. The gage G extends longitudinally as plainly illustrated in the
drawings, and is formed with downwardly-extending slotted arms G', engaged by
bolts G2, screwing in the bed plate D and serving to hold the said gage in proper
position, at the same time permitting its vertical adjustment to the size of the
material under treatment.
On the top of the gage G is arranged a transversely adjustable plate (³, adapted
to engage the top of the material so that the latter is securely held in place on the
bed plate by the back of the gage G, part of G³, the plate F2 and the clamping
plate F. From the rear end of the clamping plate F extends transversely a rod H,
the axis of which forms the center for the semi-circular recess 13 in the bed plate
frame B, so that when the tilting frame C is tilted, it swings from the axis of the
rod H. On the latter is secured a collar H', pressed on by a flat spring H2, secured
to the bed plate frame B.
A second collar H³, is arranged on the end of the rod H, as will be readily
seen by reference to Figure 3, and this collar is engaged by the fork end of an
arm H, pivoted on the bed plate frame B. The pivoted arm H' is curved
rearwardly and carries at its lower rear end a friction roller H, adapted to travel
over a series of blocks I, 11, 12, 13, arranged alongside each other and resting with
their backs on the column A. The blocks 11, 12 and 13 are formed on their inner
sides with pins I, engaging corresponding grooves 1, arranged vertically in the
sides of the adjacent blocks I, I, I2 respectively, as will be readily understood by
reference to Figures 4 and 5.
The two outermost blocks I and 13 are provided with upwardly-extending
rods I fitted to slide in suitable bearings formed in the upper part of the
column A.
Screws I screwing in the said column at the sides thereof, serve to lock the said
rods in place after the latter have been adjusted vertically to bring the several
blocks I, 12 and 13 into the proper position according to the mortise to be cut into
the material as hereinafter more fully described. The friction roller H³ on the
pivoted arm H is adapted to travel up the two inclines 18 and 1° formed on the
lower and upper parts of each of the blocks.
When the bed plate frame B rises, the friction roller H³ travels over the
inclines 1 of the several blocks, thus imparting a swinging motion to the arm H*
so that the upper fork end moves rearward and pulls on the collar H³ so as to move
the rod H and the clamping plate F in a like direction, whereby the plate F2 is
moved in contact with the front side of the material under treatment, and the said
material is pressed against the gage G and securely clamped thereon.
When the friction roller H³ travels down either of the inclines 18 or 1º, then the
spring H2 pressing on the collar H' causes a forward sliding of the rod H and the
plate F so that the plate is moved out of contact with the front side of
the material. Thus, it will be seen that by the forward and backward movement
of the clamping plate F, the material is automatically clamped in position on the
bed plate B and the gage G, or automatically released as above described. The
material is mortised by the endless chain tool J consisting of a series of double and
single links which alternate with each other and are formed into chisel-edged
cutters, which are ground sharp at their outer forward edges W and having a
rounded throat W beneath each cutting edge, as shown in Figures 6, 8 & 9.
The two outer links V, V, are supplied upon their outer sides with smooth clearance
ribs X running from the cutting edge to near the joints, and are a trifle wider than
the center link Z. The links Z Z are loosely riveted between the two outer
links YY upon the rod or axle X' in such a manner that the clearance ribs X X
will come upon the outer sides of the links Y Y and the links Y Y will be solid
upon the rod X and the link Z will swing loosely between the links Y Y. The
inner links Z Z are curved on their backs to fit the curve of the wheel J¹ over
which the chain J is made to travel. It will be seen by making these outer
links YY wider than the inner and the wheel J of the less thickness than the

page_text: width of the chain tool J, the outer links will run upon the outsides of the wheel J
as shown on Figure 6.
If the links Z Z are too wide on their face to make an easy cut, then there may
be grooves or kerfs Z' cut in the face of the link Z, the depth of the chip as shown
in Figure 7.
The tension bar J' is fastened at its upper end to the transversely extending
slide and is provided in its lower end with the wheel J¹ to be hereinafter
described. On both outer edges of said bar are formed the shoulders or ribs Js
which serve to guide the chain tool around the bar and prevent any lateral motion
of the same.
From one side of the lower end of the bar, is cut the removable cap
or plate J. Into the under side of said cap J and the remaining portion of the bar
are cut a series of concentric grooves K³ in which the concentric tongues K¹ upon
both sides of said wheel J' mesh and revolve.
Upon both sides of the wheel J are also formed a series of corresponding
concentric tongues K and a central opening K. These concentric tongues fit in
the corresponding grooves in the casings in the end of the bar in which this wheel
revolves.
It will be readily seen by this mode of construction there is formed a multiple
axle of large wearing surface and from it less danger of any lateral wear of the
casing or the wheel causing a deflection of the chain tool and an imperfect mortise.
A small cavity or opening K is formed in said wheel with an opening Ke into
the same, from which the lubricant for the wheel is supplied as shown in Figure 7.
A screw rod J mounted to turn in the upper part of the column A screws in a
nut on the said slide J³ and on the upper end of the said screw rod is secured a
handle J for turning the screw rod so as to raise and lower the slide J³ and con-
sequently the wheel J, to give more or less tension to the chain tool J.
The upper part of the latter passes over the sprocket wheel J6 secured on the
shaft K extending transversely and mounted to turn in suitable bearings of which
one is arranged on the upper end of the column A and the other on the frame A¹.
On the shaft K and directly in the rear of the sprocket wheel Jo is secured an
exhaust fan wheel L revolving in a stationary casing L₁ fastened to the upper end
of the column A. The casing L' is provided in its front with an opening L² in
close proximity to the upper part of the chain tool J so that chips, dust etc.,
adhering to the chain tool are drawn into the opening L2 by the suction blast to be
discharged through the outlet spout L³ arranged in the said casing L', which
passes over the top of the chain J. A guard L is hinged to the downwardly
extending extension guard L' and this mode of construction serves to guide any
loose material up into the opening L² to be discharged by the suction fan through
the outlet spout L³, and also provides an easy access to the sprocket wheel J. It
will be seen that by this arrangement, the chain tool J can be kept very clean so
that a proper mortise will always be cut by the tool.
On the shaft K is secured a pulley K' over which passes a belt K² also passing
over a pulley N¹ secured on the driving shaft N, mounted to turn in suitable
bearings in the lower part of the column A and frame A. On the outer ends of
this shaft N are secured the fast and loose pulleys N2 and N³ connected by a
belt N with counter-shafting for imparting a rotary motion to the said driving
shaft N, which by the pulley N', the belt K2 and the pulley K¹ imparts a rotary
motion to the shaft K and the latter by the sprocket wheel J causes the chain
tool J to travel in the usual manner in order to cut the mortise in the material
under treatment.
The main driving shaft N also imparts a vertical sliding motion to the bed plate
frame B, and the parts supported thereby, as previously described and for this
purpose the following device is provided. The bed plate frame B is formed with a
nut B in which screws the feed screw shaft O arranged vertically and mounted to
turn in suitable bearings formed on the column A. between the two guideways A².
On the upper end of the feed screw shaft O is secured a bevel gear wheel O' in
mesh with a bevel gear wheel 02 attached to the front end of a transversely

page_text: extending shaft O³ mounted to turn on suitable bearings on the column A and
frame A. On this shaft 03 is secured a pulley O' on one side of which is arranged
a loose pulley O³ and a like pulley O is arranged on the other side of the said fast
pulley O, as will be readily understood by reference to Figures 2 and 3.
A belt P passes over the loose pulley Os and is adapted to be shifted onto the
fast pulley O, as hereinafter more fully described, the said belt extending down-
wardly and passing over a pulley P₁ held on the shaft N. Over the other loose
pulley 06 also passes a belt P2 adapted to be shifted from the said pulley O onto
the fast pulley O' as hereinafter more fully described, the said belt also passing
over a pulley P³ secured on a transversely extending shaft P* mounted to turn in
suitable bearings on the frame A¹.
On this shaft P is secured a cone pulley Ps over which passes a cross belt Pe
also passing over a cone pulley P' secured on the driving shaft N. When the
machine is not in operation, that is, when the belt N passes over the loose
pulley N³ on the driving shaft N, then the latter is at a standstill and the
belts P and P2 both engage the loose pulleys 0 and O as plainly shown in
Figure 2.
Now, in order to shift the said belts P and P2 automatically when the machine
is in operation, the following device is provided, the said device being actuated
from the bed plate frame B. On the latter is secured a rearwardly extending
arm B³ engaging a rod Q mounted to slide vertically on one side of the column A.
On this rod Q are secured the collars Q' and Q2 located below and above the said
arm B³, as will be readily seen by reference to Figure 2. The collars Q¹ and Q'
can be vertically adjusted on the rod Q and are provided for this purpose with the
usual set screws. On the upper end of the rod Q presses a spring Q³ supported
on the column A and serving to hold the said rod Q in an upper-most position.
On the rod Q above the collar Q2 is secured an arm R extending rearwardly and
formed at its rear end with a fork engaging one arm of a T-shaped shifting
lever S, fulcrumed on the frame A¹ and arranged to engage both belts P and P² in
such a manner that when one belt is moved towards the fast pulley O' the other
is moved away therefrom onto its corresponding loose pulley. When the shifting
lever S is in a normal position as illustrated in Figure 2, both belts P and P² are
on their loose pulleys and consequently no rotary motion is given to the shaft 03
which actuates the feed screw shaft O. The lower end of the rod Q is pivotally
connected with the free end of an arm Q extending longitudinally in the lower
part of the column A and fitted thereto, as illustrated in Figure 1. The arm Q is
adapted to be engaged on top by a foot lever T extending transversely and
fulerumed at its rear end on the frame A¹.
From the fulcrumed end of the foot lever T, extends upwardly an arm T¹
pivotally connected by a link T2 with one end of a shifting rod U mounted to slide
transversely in suitable bearings on the frame A', the said shifting rod being
provided at its rear end with two shifting arms U' engaging opposite edges of the
belt N. A spring U2 is coiled on this shifting rod U for holding the same in an
outermost position as shown in Figure 2, the said spring also serving to hold the
foot lever T in an uppermost position as the latter is connected with the said
rod U in the manner described.
The operation is as follows:-When the several parts are in the position as
shown in Figures 2 and 3, and the operator has placed the material to be mortised
onto the bed plate B between the gage G and the arm F2 and then presses the
foot lever T, then the rod U slides forwardly and shifts the driving belt N' onto the
fast pulley N2, so that the main driving shaft N is rotated. A rotary motion of
the latter is transmitted to the shaft K as above described, whereby the chain
tool J is set in motion at the same time the suction fan L is actuated as above
described. A further downward pressing of the lever T brings the latter in contact
with the pivoted arm Q so that the latter is swung downward and by this
connection with the rod Q causes the latter to slide downward, whereby the
s; ring Q³ is pressed and at the same time the arm R held on the said rod Q

page_text: actuates the double shifting lever S so that the belt P2 is shifted from the loose
pulley O onto the fast pulley O*
The rotary motion of the main driving shaft N imparted to the cone pulleys P³, P
and the cross belt P to the shaft P4 now causes a rotary motion of the shaft O³ as
the latter is now connected by the fast pulley O, the belt P2 and the pulley P³
with the said revolving shaft P4. The rotary motion of the shaft 03 is trans-
mitted by the bevel gear wheels 02 and 0₁ to the feed screw O, whereby the
bed plate frame B is caused to travel upward on its guideways A2 as the said feed
screw shaft O engages the nut B2 on the said bed plate frame B.
On the upward movement of the bed plate frame B, the friction roller H'
travels up the inclines 18 on the blocks I, I, I, I³, whereby the clamping plate F
is caused to slide transversely as above described to securely clamp the material
in place on the bed plate D. On the further upward movement of the bed plate D,
the top of the material is brought in contact with the lower cutting end of the
chain tool J so that the mortise is cut into the material. On the further upward
movement of the bed plate frame B the mortise is cut to the desired depth or
entirely through the material, as the case may be, the clamping plate F, as well
as the bed plate D being provided with longitudinal slots for the passage of the
lower end of the tool so as to prevent the latter from coming in contact with any
metal on the bed plate and at the time it cuts through the bottom of the material
under treatment.
:
The collars Q and Q² have been set on the rod Q according to the depth of
the mortise to be cut, so that on the further rising of the bed plate frame B, the
arm B3 finally comes in contact with the collar Q2 at the time the desired depth of
the cut is reached. The arm B3 in moving on the collar Q² raises the rod Q
whereby the arm R actuates the double shifting lever S so that the belt P³ is
moved from the fixed pulley 04 onto the loose pulley 06 at the same time the other
belt is moved from its loose pulley O' onto the fixed pulley 04, whereby the
motion of the shaft O³ is reversed and the feed screw O is caused to travel in an
opposite direction thereby imparting a downward sliding motion to the bed plate
frame B and parts supported thereon.
It is understood that the shaft O³ is reversed as above described owing to the
reverse motion given to the shaft P4 by the cross belt P connecting the main
driving shaft N with the shaft P4. When the bed plate frame B moves downward
as above described, the chain tool J is fully withdrawn from the cut made by it
in the material and at this time the friction roller H of the arm H* travels down
the inclines 18 so that the spring H2 causes a forward sliding of the clamping
plate F whereby the plate F2 is moved away from the front of the material, and
the latter is thus released, and can be removed from the bed plate for the insertion
of another piece of material or the said material can be shifted on the bed plate
for a new cut. At this time, the bed plate frame B by its arm B³ engages the
collar so that the rod Q is moved downward and the double shifting lever S
is again actuated and by it the belt P is moved from the fast pulley (* onto
the loose pulley Q and the feed_screw () is brought to a standstill until a
repeated pressure of the treadle T is made and then the above movement will
be repeated.
It will be seen by this machine after it has once started, no further attention
is required so far as the working parts are concerned only the operation of the
treadle T as the several mechanisms are actuated automatically and the operator
only removes the material to be treated or shifts the same on the bed plate D, so
as to bring the material in the proper position for the tool to attack the same at
the proper spot.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is:
1 The
1
11

page_text: clamping plate sliding transversely on said table, an arm pivoted to the table, and
blocks having inclines and arranged in the path of the said arm made adjustable,
substantially as shown and described, for the purpose specified.
2. The combination with a bed plate frame, of a tilting frame mounted to turn on
the said bed plate frame, a bed plate held laterally adjustable on the said tilting
frame, and clamping plate fitted to slide on the said bed plate and provided with a
rod, the axis of which forms the center for the said tilting frame, substantially as
shown and described.
3. The combination with a bed plate frame, of a tilting frame mounted to turn on
the said bed plate frame, a bed plate held laterally adjustable on the said tilting
frame, a clamping plate fitted to slide on the said bed plate and provided with a
rod, the axis of which forms the center for the said tilting frame, a spring for
holding the said clamping plate in a normal position, substantially as shown and
.described.
4. The combination with a bed plate frame, of a tilting frame mounted to turn on
the said bed plate frame, a bed plate held laterally adjustable on the said tilting
frame, a clamping plate fitted to slide on the said bed plate and provided with a
rod, the axis of which forms the center for the said tilting frame, an arm pivoted on
the said bed plate frame and engaging the said rod, the said arm being adapted to
receive a swinging motion on the upward movement of the said bed plate frame, so
as to shift the said clamping plate, substantially as shown and described.
5. The combination with a bed plate frame, of a tilting frame mounted to turn on
the said bed plate frame a bed plate held laterally adjustable on the said tilting
frame, a clamping plate fitted to slide on the said bed plate and provided with a
rod, the axis of which forms the center for the said tilting frame, an arm pivoted on
the said bed plate frame and engaging the said rod, the said arm being adapted to
receive a swinging motion on the upward movement of the said bed plate frame, so
as to shift the said clamping plate, and blocks having inclines and adapted to be
engaged by the free end of the said pivoted arm, substantially as shown and
described.
6. The combination with a bed plate frame mounted to slide vertically of a feed
screw shaft engaging the said bed plate frame, a main driving shaft for imparting a
rotary motion to the said feed screw shaft in either direction, and a shifting device
substantially as described, controlled from the said bed plate frame for imparting
forward and backward motion to the said feed screw shaft, substantially as shown
and described.
7. The combination with the chain tool and the shaft carrying the sprocket
wheel over which passes the said tool, of a rotary fan mounted upon and driven by
said shaft and provided with a hood whose central inlet is behind, and in close
proximity to the said sprocket wheel and chain, substantially as shown and
described.
8. The combination with the chain tool and the shaft carrying the sprocket
wheel over which passes the said tool, of a suction fan from the said shaft and
having its inlet in close proximity to the said sprocket wheel and chain tool and a
hood held on the front of the casing of the said suction fan and extending down
along-side of and curved over the top part of the said chain tool over the said
sprocket wheel, substantially as shown and described.
9. In a chain tool mortising machine, a tension bar having shoulders or ribs J,
and free and concentric grooves K³, in combination with a wheel having corre-
sponding concentric tongues K' on both sides of said wheel, which mesh into the
said grooves in the casings of the said bar, substantially as described.
T
$12000
S. S. BROMHEAD,
97, Newgate Street, London, E.C., Applicant's Agent.
S. S. BROMHEAD,
97, Newgate Street, London, E.C., Applicant's Agent.