IMPROVEMENTS IN PURIFYING AND CLARIFYING ALL SORTS OF OILS, WHETHER MINERAL, VEGETABLE, OR ANIMAL, AND IN APPARATUS THEREFOR
Year: 1869

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Louis Maria Ruiz, of. Rue d'Antin, No. 1, at
Paris, Merchant, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN PURIFYING
AND CLARIFYING ALL SORTS OF OILS, WHETHER MINERAL, VEGETABLE, OR
ANIMAL, AND IN APPARATUS THEREFOR."-A communication from
Jacques Marie Benoni Beduchaud, residing at Paris, Rue La-
fayette, No. 60.
Sealed the 7th September 1869, and dated the 8th March 1869.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Louis Maria Ruiz at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 8th March 1869.
I, LOUIS MARIA RUIZ, of Rue d'Antin, No. 1, at Paris, Merchant, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
PURIFYING AND CLARIFYING ALL SORTS OF OILS, WHETHER MINERAL, VEGETABLE, OR
ANIMAL, AND IN APPARATUS THEREFOR," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in the employment of several materials and
apparatus for obtaining a proper clarification and purification of all sorts

page_text: of oils whereby all the processes heretofore employed are much simplified.
Thus for all mineral oils extracted from coal or those of various natural
production, called petroleums, as well as such as are extracted from
vegetable or animal matter, the same result is obtained in their puri-
fication by employing a filter of whatever form, and filled with natural
powder of calcined mineral coal, such as schiste or lignite, or tripoli,
clay, argil, or other minerals, and by preference I employ such minerals
as contain, either in their natural state or by admixture at the time of
calcination a carbonic principle mixed with phosphate or carbonate of
lime, or of potash and sulphide of iron. I also obtain a good clarification
by employing blood charcoal or vegetable coal mixed with sulphate of
potash or of lime at the time of calcination.
For the purpose of accelerating the passage of the oils through these
decolorizing and purifying substances I use a filter hermetically closed,
and in which the oils by being made to flow from a higher reservoir
render the operations more active, whether the filtering takes places, from
above downwards or from below upwards, a small aperture provided with
cotton being provided, through which the purified oils issue. I likewise
use for accelerating the purification a filter also closed and provided with
a tube for drawing the oils from a reservoir of whatever form, and
another tube for the exit of the purified oils, the latter being in com-
munication with a pneumatic pump, which, in producing a vacuum of
the requisite degree, causes the oils to pass by suction much more
quickly through the purifying substance contained in the filter than
would otherwise be the case. Lastly, I obtain a satisfactory result by
mixing the substances specified with the oils and boiling them together,
and then allowing them to subside, after which I pass them through a
cotton filter to extract the purified oils. By these various means I
obtain not only a perfect purification but likewise the absence in the oils
of the bad smell which they may have originally possessed, as well as a
freedom from all those substances which might be detrimental to the
various uses for which they are intended.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Louis Maria Ruiz in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 7th September 1869.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, LOUIS
MARIA RUIZ, of Rue d'Antin, No. 1, at Paris, Merchant, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent. Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Eighth day of March, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-nine, in the thirty-
second year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said Louis Maria Ruiz, Her special licence
that I, the said Louis Maria Ruiz, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, or such others as I, the said Louis Maria Ruiz, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no
others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN PURIFYING AND CLARIFYING ALL SORTS OF OILS, WHETHER MINERAL, VEGE-
TABLE, OR ANIMAL, AND IN APPARATUS THEREPOR," (a communication from
Jacques Marie Benoni Beduchaud, a person resident at Paris, Rue
Lafayette, No. 60,) upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said
Louis Maria Ruiz, my executors or administrators, by an instrument
in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals,
should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and
cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Louis Maria Ruiz, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement thereof, reference being had to the accom-
panying Sheet of Drawings, and to the figures and letters marked
thereon, that is to say :-
This Invention consists in the employment of several materials and

page_text: apparatus for obtaining a proper clarification and purification of all
sorts of oils whereby all the processes heretofore employed are much
simplified. Thus for all mineral oils extracted from coal or those of
various natural production called petroleums, as well as such as are
extracted from vegetable or animal matter, the same result is obtained
in their purification by employing a filter of whatever form and filled
with natural powder of calcined mineral coal, such as schiste, or lignite,
or tripoli, clay, argil, or other minerals, and by preference I employ
such minerals as contain, either in their natural state or by admixture
at the time of calcination, a carbonic principle mixed with phosphate
or carbonate of lime, or of potash and sulphide of iron. I also obtain
a good clarification by employing blood, charcoal, or vegetable coal
mixed with sulphate of potash or of lime at the time of calcination.
For the purpose of accelerating the passage of the oils through these
decolorizing and purifying substances I use a filter hermetically closed,
and in which the oils by being made to flow from a higher reservoir
render the operations more active, whether the filtering takes place from
above downwards or from below upwards, a small aperture provided with
cotton being provided through which the purified oils issue. I likewise
use for accelerating the purification a filter also closed and provided
with a tube for drawing the oils from a reservoir of whatever form,
and another tube for the exit of the purified oils, the latter being
in
communication with a pneumatic pump, which, in producing a vacuum
of the requisite degree, causes the oils to pass by suction much more
quickly through the purifying substance contained in the filter than
otherwise would be the case. But by preference I employ for this
purpose an arrangement of apparatus acting by centrifugal force to be
hereafter more particularly described. Lastly, I obtain a satisfactory
result by mixing the substances specified with the oils and boiling
them together, and then allowing them to subside, after which I pass
them through a cotton filter to extract the purified oils: By these
various means I obtain not only a perfect purification but likewise the
absence in the oils of the bad smell which they may have originally
possessed, as well as a freedom from all those substances which might
be detrimental to the various uses for which they are intended.
The arrangement of apparatus which I employ by preference for
accelerating the passage of the oils through the filtering medium by

page_text: centrifugal force is shewn on the accompanying Sheet of Drawings,
in which Figure 1 shews a sectional elevation, and Figure 2 shews a
sectional plan of the apparatus. The apparatus receives rotary motion
through the bevil wheel K in gear with the wheel J on the shaft H,
which should be made to rotate at a speed of from 1,000 to 2,000
revolutions per minute; the cog wheels being replaced by frictional
gearing for the higher speeds. The oil to be clarified is introduced into
the funnel A at the proper temperature; in passing down it comes in
contact with the brushes B, B, which serve as agitators, and which
are suspended from the top of the casing G. When the oil has risen
to the level of these brushes the rotary motion imparted to it by the
motion of the apparatus is activated by the small blades c, c, fixed on
the sides of the funnel A which throw the oil on to the brushes.
There results from this a preparatory purification of the oil and a
saturation of the same with oxygen, facilitating the ulterior treatment.
The oil passing into the recipient D is drawn into the tubes N by the
centrifugal force of the machine. These tubes which are usually made
of zinc are removeable and approximate to an ellipsoidal form, as shewn
in Figure 2, in order to facilitate the centrifugal action. At the inner
ends they are joined on to the apertures E of the recipient D. In these
tubes N are placed the filtering and purifying substances above
mentioned, which are closed in at each end by a perforated plate or
wire gauze covered with suitable textile fabric for allowing the unpurified
oils to enter at the one end E, and the purified oils to escape at the
other end F. The tubes N rest upon the cast-iron support I where
they are held by the ribs, S, S, cast on the support. A piece of cotton
flannel closes the entrance of the tubes towards the openings E, and a
sheet of india-rubber surrounding the extensions on which the tubes
fit prevent the escape of oil. The removable nature of the tubes
offers the great advantage of rendering them capable of being emptied
and refilled with filtering material when this has lost its efficacy through
the amount of impurities absorbed; or in order to expidite this operation
other tubes ready filled may be kept in readiness to replace those that
are removed. In place of filling the tubes with pulverized material
this may be consolidated into a spongy mass according as circumstances
may require.
Having thus described the nature of this Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, I wish it to be understood that

page_text: I do not claim specially nor do I limit myself to the particular con-
struction of apparatus herein-before described, as it will be evident that
various other arrangements of apparatus may be employed in carrying.
this Invention into practice, but what I claim is,-
First. Purifying and clarifying oils by passing the same through a
filtering medium composed as herein-before set forth.
Second. The system of accelerating the passage of the oils through
such filtering media by means of either suction or pressure, substantially
as set forth.
Third. The mode of purifying the oils by boiling them together with
the purifying media, and then passing them through a cotton filter,
substantially as set forth.
In witness whereof, I, the said Louis Maria Ruiz, have hereunto
set my hand and scal, this Fourth day of September, in the year
of our Lord One thousand cight hundred and sixty-nine.
Witness,
C. LAFOND,
Civil Engineer,
Boulevard de Strasbourg,
No. 23 à Paris.
L. M. RUIZ. (L.S.)