matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN SPEED OR REVOLUTION INDICATORS
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Anthony Hardcastle at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 20th July 1876.
ROBERT ANTHONY HARDCASTLE, of Leeds, in the County of York, Engineer.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN SPEED OR REVOLUTION INDICATORS."
My Invention relates to machinery or apparatus for indicating the rate of speed
or number of revolutions an engine shaft or other revolving piece is making in a
given time, and consists in the application and use of a column of mercury, water,
or other suitable fluid or liquid matter, the rising and falling of which is made to
indicate on a dial or index the speed at which the engine or other apparatus is
working.
In carrying out my Invention I provide a reservoir containing water (for
example), and fix to the bottom or some other suitable part thereof a flexible or
yielding diaphragm against which a button or other surface acted upon by the
governor of the engine or by some other suitable moving part of an apparatus is
caused to bear. The pressure of the button against the diaphragm causes the fluid
contained in the reservoir to be displaced and to ascend a glass tube with which tho
reservoir is provided, the position or rise and fall of the liquid in the glass tube
being indicated by a scale or graduations marked either on the tube itself or on a
surface in close proximity thereto.
I may also carry the fluid by means of a tube to any distance from the revolving
shaft (as, for instance, from an engine room to the counting house, &c.), enabling a
master without going to the engine room to see at what rate the engine is working.
As the speed of the engine or other apparatus increases the pressure of the button
upon the diaphragm will be greater, and the diaphragm will be consequently
depressed to a greater extent, causing the fluid contained in the reservoir to ascond
higher in the glass tube; when however the speed decreases the pressure upon the
diaphragm will be less, and consequently the fluid will descend in the glass tube,
the speed at which the engine or other apparatus is working being indicated by
the position of the surface of the liquid in the glass tube.
UNDER DRESS FOR LADIES
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Elizabeth Clark at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 27th July 1876.
ELIZABETH CLARK, 40, Conduit St., W., London.
UNDER DRESS FOR LADIES."
"AN IMPROVED COMBINED
An improvement in ladies' chemesc, this being gored with slip body, fitting the
figure all in one. This chemesc is a great improvement to the old full chemese
which is uncomfortable under the corsets. It also combines drawers, chemese, and
slip body in one.
IMPROVEMENTS IN TANNING AND IN APPARATUS THEREFOR."
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Antoine Clavier at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 20th January 1876.
ANTOINE CLAVIER, of Wharton Street, King's Cross, in the County of Middlesex.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN TANNING AND IN APPARATUS THEREFOR."
This Invention consists in tanning hides and skins by forcing the tanning liquid
into the pores of the hides or skins by the agency of a force pump, such as is
commonly used for proving the pressure that vessels will resist, for example steam
boilers. The aforesaid pump may operate to lift as well as to force.
For charging the apparatus with the tanning liquid the lift pump may be
employed; and for filtering the tanning liquid through the pores of the hide or skin
that is to be tanned it is intended to use the force pump. By these means hides or
skins may be tanned very rapidly, in fact in less than six hours; it is possible by this
Invention to perfectly tan hides or skins of any thickness. I first prepare the
rough skins or hides by the means commonly employed by tanners, after which I
place the hide or skin in an apparatus of the construction hereafter described,
and tan it by the process above mentioned, one skin at a time.
"
"
The apparatus consists of two frames of wood or metal, by preference oak of a
rectangular form placed one upon the other; or separate frames may be made for
tanning butts to those used for tanning whole skins or hides. The lower fraine
is made with a groove all round in which fits or takes a metal tongue. The skin or
hide that is to be tanned being held between the aforesaid tongue and groove air-
tight, so as to exclude the passage of the tanning liquor from one side of the skin to
the other, otherwise than by filtration through the pores thereof when the skin is
stretched in the frame. If necessary a metallic trelliswork may be applied to the
skin for keeping it stretched or held flat over its entire surface.
The tanning matters proposed to be employed in carrying out this Invention is
the gall obtained from the leaves of the lignum vitæ tree; or the ordinary tanning
matters now in use may be employed, preference being given to oak bark. If
found desirable two skins or butts may be tanned at one time in the same frame.
IN RAILS FOR RAILWAYS, AND IN THE MODE OF PRODUCING THE SAME
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Benjamin Joseph Barnard Mills at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 2nd November 1876. A com-
munication from abroad by John T. Clark, of Augusta, in the County of
Richmond, and State of Georgia, United States of America.
BENJAMIN JOSEPH BARNARD MILLS, of the Firm of Harris and Mills of 23, South-
"IMPROVEMENTS
ampton Buildings, in the County of Middlesex, Patent Agent.
IN RAILS FOR RAILWAYS, AND IN THE MODE OF PRODUCING THE SAME." A com-
munication from abroad by John T. Clark, of Augusta, in the County of Richmond,
and State of Georgia, United States of America.
This Invention relates to compound rails consisting of two parts, to wit, a
flanged base to be attached to the ties or other part of the road bed, and a cap
fitting over the vertical web of the base so as to break joints, the joints between
the cap pieces being located at points intermediate between the joints between the
base pieces.
The lower edges of the vertical flanges or webs of the cap are received in grooves
in the upper surface of the base on either side of the vertical web thereof.
The upper part or head of the cap rests on the top of the vertical web of the
base, and is enlarged to approximate the form common in the head of a T rail or
an I rail as may be desired; and is in some cases formed with a hollow of sufficient
size to leave on one or both sides of the top of the base web a hollow or hollows,
giving to the head of the compound rail a degree of elasticity which will reduce the
battering or laminating effect of the wheels on the shoulders of the rail. Where
great strength or rigidity is desired in the top of the rail the upper part of the cap
may be made of such thickness as to leave but slight hollows, or to dispense with
them entirely.
The two portions of the rail are connected by horizontal bolts passing through
openings which are elongated in one or both lengthwise of the rail to prevent the
distortion of the compound rail under expansion and contraction resulting from
variations in temperature.
Each portion of the compound rail may be rolled of either iron or steel.

page_text: It is preferred to form the cap portion of steel in order to increase the durability
of the rail. This portion may be rolled by successive passes through grooves
which approximate gradually to the required U shape to adapt the cap to fit over
the vertical web of the base; or it may be rolled more nearly flat at first and by
subsequent rolling receive the required U shape.
IMPROVEMENTS IN DRYING TEA, AND IN APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Francis William Mackenzie at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 9th February 1876.
FRANCIS WILLIAM MACKENZIE, of Ladyhill, Elgin, North Britain, Mechanical
Engineer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN DRYING TEA, AND IN APPARATUS CONNECTED
THEREWITH."
This Invention relates essentially to the construction of apparatus for drying tea
in foreign tea plantations, which is much better adapted for the purpose than that
hitherto employed by the tea planters. When the green leaf is picked from the
bushes it is spread out under cover for about twenty-four hours to wither, and is
then rolled by rolling machines; after which it is rolled by hand into balls and left
for a short time to ferment. The leaf in this state being quite moist or gummy, it is
placed on wire trays over a charcoal fire until the tea is perfectly dry and brittle,
after which it is sorted through different sized sieves, and is ready for the market.
The use of charcoal fires for drying tea, however, is found seriously objectionable,
1st., because charcoal is every day becoming dearer, as timber for making it is
becoming scarcer; 2nd., it occupies all the best workmen on a plantation making it
during the cold season, when they might be more profitably employed; 3rd., the
number of fires in a tea house raises the temperature so much that even natives can
scarcely bear it; 4th., if the fire is too strong it burns the tea, and if not strong
enough it does not dry the tea quick enough, does not stop fermentation soon
The object
enough, and produces a useless red leaf which has to be thrown out.
of the present Invention therefore is to obviate these serious objections; and it
consists in passing a current of hot air through trays of wire cloth or other
perforated material, the current and temperature of the air being regulated to the
required degree by means under control of the attendant.
The air is heated by passing it through tubes, chambers, cells, or passages of
metal passing through a metal chamber containing steam (admitted from any
adjacent steam boiler or engine) of a sufficiently high temperature.

page_text: The perforated trays are fitted into moveable drawers or frames fitting into the
chamber, through which the hot air ascends, the drawers being so constructed that while
a tray or trays are withdrawn laterally from time to time for inspection, the ends of
the drawers close the apertures of the hot air chamber sufficiently air-tight so as
not to disturb the upward current, or the action of the heater.
It is proposed to designate this Invention as "F. W. Mackenzie's Steam Tea-
Dryer."
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR SIGNALLING ON RAILWAYS AND STOPPING RAILWAY TRAINS
Year: 1876

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Eustace Fitzmaurice Piers, of Westminster Chambers, in
the County of Middlesex, Baronet, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
APPARATUS FOR SIGNALLING ON RAILWAYS AND STOPPING RAILWAY TRAINS."
Sealed the 12th April 1876, and dated the 9th February 1876.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Eustace Fitzmaurice Piers at
the Oflice of the Commissioners of Patents on the 9th February 1876.
EUSTACE FITZMAURICE PIERS, of Westminster Chambers, in the County of
Middlesex, Baronet. "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR SIGNALLING ON RAILWAYS
AND STOPPING RAILWAY TRAINS."
My Invention relates to the use of mechanism, by means of which a signalman
or other person at a station can stop a passing train without the assistance of the
driver or guard of the train; and it consists partly in the employment of an
inclined plane placed by the side or between the lines of rails upon a vertical pivot
or otherwise, so that it may be brought when required within the range of a roller
or projection pendent from the engine, and by acting thereupon effecting the stopping
of the train. The roller or projection is connected by a lever or other suitable
contrivance with the steam supply in such a manner, that when such roller or
projection is moved under the action of the incline the steam will be shut off from
the cylinders of the engine, and simultaneously admitted to a brake cylinder,
whereby the brakes will be put on and the motion of the engine will be arrested;
or an air brake or a mechanical brake may be employed in lieu of a steam brake,
and be brought into action by the motion of the roller or projection in a similar
inanner.
The apparatus is also arranged so as to act upon the steam whistle or other alarum
fixed to the train and sound the same, thereby giving a signal to the driver or guard
in charge.
In combination with the before mentioned apparatus, it is also proposed to
employ an alarm or other indicator whether electrical or otherwise in the station
or signal box, which continues to give notice to the signalman so long as the
incline is set otherwise than in the position that will cause the apparatus con-
nected with the engine to act.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANU- FACTURE OF SAIL AND ROPING TWINES, AND OTHER TWINES, AND IN APPARATUS USED THEREIN
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Sutton and Richard Sutton
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 9th May 1876.
ROBERT SUTTON and RICHARD SUTTON, both of Lopen Mills, near Ilminster, in
the County of Somerset, Canvas Manufacturers. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANU-
FACTURE OF SAIL AND ROPING TWINES, AND OTHER TWINES, AND IN APPARATUS
USED THEREIN."
Our Invention has for its object the manufacture of sail and roping twines, also
linen and cotton twine used for fishing nets, in such a manner as to render auch
twines stronger, and to dispense with the need of the ordinary modes of preparing
the twine after it has been manufactured, and thereby economising the production
of the article in a condition ready for use.
And our Invention consists in first boiling the yarn in a solution of soda ash in
order to destroy the vegetablo matter contained therein, then washing and cleansing
it from perishable matter. After this boiling and cleansing the yarn is submitted
to the action of steam pressure, whereby it is thoroughly cleansed and reduced to
the finest fibre. When the yarn thus treated has been dried it is put on spools and
passed from the twisting frame under steam rollers furnished with grooves for the
yarn to run in, such yarn being kept down by the rollers, and caused to pass through a
solution of india-rubber or of india-rubber and Stockholm tar, contained in a
trough which is provided with a stean jacketing. The yarn in the process of
twisting is pressed by the steam rollers whereby the dissolved india-rubber is
pressed through the fibre, and the twine coming from the twisting frame is rendered
waterproof. The twine is then taken off the bobbins of the twisting frame and
exposed to the action of the atmosphere for a limited time, after which it is finished
by being passed under rollers and brought in contact with solid paraffine in order
to render it moro pliable and easy to be worked, and it is then balled ready for
sale.
Twines manufactured in the manner above stated will require no further pro
paration in order to adapt them to the several uses above referred to.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR CUTTING, TURNING, OR SHAPEING WOOD
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Bray at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 20th March 1876.
GEORGE BRAY, of Keighley, in the County of York, Shuttle Maker.
"IMPROVE-
MENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR CUTTING, TURNING, OR SHAPEING
WOOD."
The object of this Invention is to render the machinery for such purpose self-
acting to a certain extent. The wood is fixed in a lathe of ordinary construction,
and is first reduced to the size or diameter required by a knife or knives fixed to a
One or more
block or rest, which is moved by a screw in the usual manner.
knives or tool are fixed to a plate capable of being moved up and down by rack
and toothed gearing, and these knives are employed to turn or reduce the wood to
the desired shape. They are set at an angle to the centre of the wood, so that only
a small portion thereof is operated on at one time, the amount varying according to
the angular position of the knife or knives.
IMPROVE- OF ROLLS FOR ROLLING IRON AND OTHER
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Godfrey Hirst at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 13th June 1876.
GODFREY HIRST, of Stockton-on-Tees, in the County of Durham.
MENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION
METALS."
" IMPROVE-
OF ROLLS FOR ROLLING IRON AND OTHER
This Invention relates to the construction of rolls for rolling any section of iron
or other metal, whereby such operation is performed more economically, and with
greater facility than by the rolls hitherto constructed.
According to this Invention the rolls are formed of a number of moveable rings
or discs composed of steel, iron, or other suitable metal placed upon a suitably
shaped metallic spindle, and fitted together.
The moveable rings or discs must be fitted accurately to the spindle, and turned
at the ends, so that when two rings come together they form a close joint, and when
the desired number of moveable rings are placed upon the spindle, and brought
closely and firmly to their position, they may be secured by means of keys or other
suitable contrivances.
The moveable rings or discs, which may be of any desired size, may be turned to
suit any section required in rolling iron or other metal, either before they are placed
in position on the spindle, or when they are fitted and secured thereto.
When steel or other fibrous metal is used for the rings the fibres of the same
should run round in the direction of the circumference.
It will be understood that this Invention can be applied to existing rolls in which
the grooves are worn out by turning the roller or the worn portion thereof down to
the desired size, and placing a ring or rings or discs in lieu thereof, and also that
when one of the rings is broken or worn out it can be readily removed from the
spindle and another substituted therefor.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PROCESS OF MANU- of Glamorgan, Tin Plate Manufacturer. FACTURING BAR IRON
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Rice Daniel at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 6th June 1876.
EDWARD RICE DANIEL, of Cwingelly, near the Town of Swansea, in the County
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PROCESS OF MANU-
of Glamorgan, Tin Plate Manufacturer.
FACTURING BAR IRON."
The object of this Invention is to effect a saving in the cost of manufacturing
bar iron, both as respects the quantity of fuel consumed and the labor employed,
and also to increase the rate of yield from a given number of furnaces and a given
amount of metal.
These advantages are obtained by supplying the blooms after being hammered
while in a heated state direct to the "hollow fire" or reheating furnace.
Hitherto it has been deemed necessary in the manufacture of hollow fire bar iron
to employ the labor of hacking or rolling, also cooling stainps, weighing and wheeling
stamps, as well as breaking or shearing stamps, but it is now proposed to take the
balls from the puddling furnaces to an adjacent steam hammer, and from thence,
after having been hammered into a bloom, to transfer the blooms while still hot to
the hollow fire, where by the aid of three men in lieu of two, the ordinary number,
an increased supply of blooms may be manipulated with great facility.
To enable this result to be attained two groups of puddling furnaces are placed
near the steam hammer, one group say at one side thereof, and the other near the
end thereof, and the hollow fire or reheating furnace is also situate near the stoam
hammer, but in a different direction to the furnaces, the whole being so arranged as
to keep the hollow fire fully and regularly employed in reheating and working
the blooms delivered from the several furnaces to the steain hammer. The hollow
fire is heated with the coke charged on to the floor of the furnace, and the iron is
placed over it, it being piled on to the end of a tool called a "staff" which is held
securely above the ignited coke.
The fireplace is divided into two compartments on the fire plate to receive two
blooms, and these are closed by doors pendent from supporting chains.
The furnace is fitted with tuyeres as usual, and in other respects the furnace or
hollow fire is constructed in the ordinary manner.
The four puddling furnaces are charged at regular intervals so as to enable one
hollow fire to manipulate their whole out put, and the puddling balls are hammered
out into solid blooms under the steam hammer instead of being hacked and cut
into stamps, and they are passed while red hot from the hammer to the hollow fire,
Daring dr

page_text: where they are dealt with in succession by the attendants in such manner that the
full capacity of the hollow fire for reheating the blooms is utilized.
By the above described process of manufacture the out put is increased from two
to four tons per turn, the time occupied is materially reduced, and the necessary
waste of fuel and metal is minimized.
AN IMPROVED METHOD OF EMBROIDERING OR PRODUCING ORNAMENTAL FIGURES OR DEVICES ON HANDKERCHIEFS and OTHER TEXTILE FABRICS
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edouard Demonchaux at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 28th June 1876.
EDOUARD DEMONCHAUX, of Paris, Boulevard de Strasbourg, No. 23, Manu-
facturer. "AN IMPROVED METHOD OF EMBROIDERING OR PRODUCING ORNAMENTAL
FIGURES OR DEVICES ON HANDKERCHIEFS and OTHER TEXTILE FABRICS."
The object of my Invention is to embroider by means of the ordinary embroidery
machine detached initials, flowers, mottoes, and designs upon fabrics cut into as
many parts as may be desired, a work which hitherto has only been effected by hand.
The embroidery machine has hitherto been only capable of embroidering pieces of
comparatively small size stretched upon a frame forming a portion of the machine,
and held at the sides by means of hooks, so that it was impossible to embroider a
stuff otherwise than lengthwise, and with a straight thread. By my system which I
apply to the embroidery machine the angles of fabrics separated from one another
can be embroidered, as, for example, handkerchiefs upon which it is desired to
embroider an initial.
My Invention consists in stretching each handkerchief or piece of fabric to be
einbroidered side by side upon a frame of wood, iron, zinc, or other material by
means of hooks, wires, or other connections, or by sewing or glueing. Each hand-
kerchief is then rolled separately at its edges, so as to present to the machine that
part only which is to be embroidered. The embroidering finished all the hand-
kerchiefs are removed from the frame. This explanation as to handkerchiefs is
applicable to all other articles. I thus obtain a new manufacture, that is to say,
the production by the embroidery machine of an embroidery which hitherto has
only been capable of being effected by the hand.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN ENGINE COUNTERS, AND APPARATUS FOR REGISTERING AND INDICATING
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Dorendorff at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 21st June 1876. A communication from
abroad by C. W. Julius Blancke and Emil Fricke, of Merseburg, in the
Kingdom of Prussia.
RICHARD DORENDORFF, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Engineer.
"AN IMPROVEMENT IN ENGINE COUNTERS, AND APPARATUS FOR REGISTERING AND
INDICATING."
My Invention relates principally to engine counters, but is also applicable to
other apparatus for registering and indicating numbers or quantities.
In a form of engine counter to which the Invention is particularly applicable
indications are furnished by means of discs, upon which are marked the numerals
which are presented at openings in the dial plate. In such apparatus it is desirable
to be able readily to turn back the said discs to zero, that is to say, to set the said
discs so that cyphers are presented to view at all the said openings, or otherwise to
set the apparatus to indicate any required number, and it is the object of the said
Invention to furnish means for readily effecting such setting. To this end the discs
which have to be set are arranged to be moved by means of a bar hinged at one
end which moves each disc to the extent necessary to effect the disconnection of the
gearing.
In the arrangement devised for the purpose each disc with its gearing wheel is
fixed or formed on a hollow spindle, which is mounted upon a stud. In the case of all
the discs, with the exception of the last disc which indicates the highest terms of
quantity, each hollow spindle is grooved or is formed with collars. A bar is hinged
to a fixed part, the centre of the joint of the said hinge being situated on a line
drawn through the axis of revolution of the last disc at right angles to the central
line, passing through all the discs or thereabouts. A plate is fixed to the said bar,
and is notched to clear the said hollow spindles, and is so formed or arranged as that
when the said bar is caused to move by turning on its hinge the said plate acts
upon the collars on the hollow spindles, and causes the said spindles to slide upon
the aforesaid studs, whereby the aforesaid discs are moved. The said bar is fitted
with a spring catch, which engages with a notch to lock the bar in a fixed position
Din 977

page_text: during the ordinary working of the counter: The said catch can be disengaged by
means of a hinged finger lever, which in conjunction with another part furnishes
When the free end of
means for raising or drawing out the free end of the bar.
the said bar is drawn outwards towards the front of the case the said discs, with
the exception herein-before indicated, are slid outwards, the movement of the disc
nearest to the aforesaid last disc being the least in amount, the movement of the
others increasing in the proportion required to effect, the disengagement. When
disengaged each disc may be readily set to the extent required.
IMPROVEMENTS IN DYEING AND PRINTING
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Dreyfus at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 9th November 1876.
CHARLES DREYFUS, of the Clayton Aniline Company, Limited, Manchester, in
the County of Lancaster, Chemist.. "IMPROVEMENTS IN DYEING AND PRINTING."
These improvements consist in producing aniline blacks, which will much
better stand the action of the air and light than the blacks hitherto produced.
To carry out this Invention I take the aniline black dyed or printed on textile
fabrics or yarns, after having been aged or oxidysed and raised by any of the
operations well known to dyers and printers. I then pass it through a beck con-
taining water, to which I add a solution of an aniline violet, in preference a red
shade of violet, but any other violet derived from coal tar will answer the purpose.
The black in passing through these solutions, which may or may not be heated to
the boiling point, absorbs the violet colouring matter, and the black so produced will
stand much better the action of air and light than the black which has not been
passed through such a bath, and will not turn green so soon,
IMPROVEMENTS IN ROLLER SKATES
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Arthur E. Joyce at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 10th May 1876.
ARTHUR E. JOYCE, of Dublin, Ireland. "IMPROVEMENTS IN ROLLER SKATES."
My Invention has for its object providing increased facilities for the guiding or
steering of roller skates so as to admit of the performance of any desired evolutions.
In order to effect this object I construct tho skate in the following manner :-I
provide at or near each end of the skate axles, cach carrying, say, for example, two
rollers, and attached at or about its centre to the foot rest or sole plate by a pillar
terminating in a pin or pivot fitted with a pad or cushion of india-rubber or other
suitable elastic material so as to admit of the canting of the foot rest in either
direction. The axles are further connected to the foot rest at their extremities by
means of oblique links fitted at one end on to the axle and pivotted at the opposito
end to the foot rest, which links have the effect of causing the axles to converge
when the foot rost is canted, thereby directing the skate in a curved course.
IMPROVED MECHANICAL AND ELASTIC BEDS, ESPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE USE OF WOUNDED AND SICK PERSONS
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Gaston D'Haisne at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 21st August 1876.
GASTON D'HAISNE, of Paris, in France, Carpet Manufacturer.
" IMPROVED
MECHANICAL AND ELASTIC BEDS, ESPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE USE OF WOUNDED
AND SICK PERSONS."
This bed does not differ in its dimensions from those ordinarily used to accomodate
one person, and fitted for placing in a recess. The mechanism is capable of being
easily operated by one person by exertion of little power.
The Invention possesses the following points of construction and advantages:
By means of a winch at the head of the bed, which acts upon toothed gearing, a
cushion is lifted, which supplies a pillow stuffed with horsehair and rendered elastic,
whereby support is given to the body of the sick person, and so that without
difficulty every degree of elevation required may be obtained, even to extent of the
sitting posture, so as to allow of the performance of the operations of nature;
another cushion placed under the seat of the person can be raised and lowered at
pleasure by the toothed gear. A board is brought into position upon the cushion
when it is lowered, upon which is placed the chamber utensil. Another cushion
(stuffed with horsehair and made elastic), so as to be very soft and easy, completes
the length of the bed, and supports the legs of the person thereon. All these
different parts are secured on a lattice work or sacking fixed upon a set of bars
movable by winches, which in moving bring even to rigidity the lattice work or
sacking of cloth upon which the sick person is placed, and allow him according to
his desires or necessary requirements a supply of air under him. Or by turning
the moving bars another way he can place himself as in a hammock, the bottom of
which rests upon the united cushions, affording all the case of a wool mattress
without having to suffer the inconvenience of heating the body that ensue thereon,
which often brings on sores and other maladies.
These advantages are obtained by the use of the said toothed gear and winches,
which enable the different forms above mentioned to be effected.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BICYCLES AND OTHER VELOCIPEDES
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William George Lewis at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 29th September 1876.
WILLIAM GEORGE LEWIS, of Romford, in the County of Essex, Engineer.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN BICYCLES AND OTHER VELOCIPEDES."
This Invention consists, firstly, in suspending the weight of the rider in bicycles
and other velocipedes, thereby avoiding the usual dead weight on the machine. To
carry out this part of my improvements instead of the backbone of the machine
bearing on the fork as hitherto, I place the fork on the backbone, the front end of
which is for that purpose turned up at right angles and then curved forward and
formed with an eye to receive the set screw for securing the fork.
My Invention consists, secondly, in an improved arrangement for rendering the
front wheels of bicycles constructed on the spider or phantom principle more rigid
than hitherto, so as to render them better able to withstand the strain from the
pressure on the treadles. To carry out this part of my improvements I employ two,
three, or more bars placed at equal distances apart or otherwise and extending from
one flange or collar of the hub to the other and either fixed thereto or forming part
thereof. From the said bars metal spokes or rods pass to the felloe of the wheel,
being placed at such an angle as to take off the strain caused by the pressure on the
treadles.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN BREECH-LOADING FIRE-ARMS."
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Kilbee at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 3rd February 1876.
"
WILLIAM KILBEE, of Beaufort House, Golden Hillock Road, Sinallheath,
Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Gunmaker. CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN
BREECH-LOADING FIRE-ARMS."
The first part of my Invention relates to a cover of iron or any other material
which is fitted on to the top of the breech action body of the Martini-Henry, the
Pendody, or any breech-loading fire-arms of the same or of a like description, manu-
facture, or kind.
Secondly. To the mode of jointing or hinging the same. The centre part of the
joint or hinge is formed in the cover; the remaining part thereof is formed by two
studs or eyes screwed into the right-hand side of the body, a hole having been
drilled through the three parts, and a wire passed through the same, forming the
joint or hinge.
Thirdly. The cover is fastened by a spring recessed into the left-hand side of the
body secured by a screw at the bottom of the spring, the spring having a round
stud at the top end, and the cover having an indentation to receive the stud on the
spring forming the catch and securely locking the same.
The object of the Invention is to prevent the escape of faulty cartridges while
firing, and also to prevent water or grit entering the breech action.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PIN OR PIRN WINDING MACHINES
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joy Robinson and Albert Settle at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 30th December 1876.
JOY ROBINSON, of Little Lever, and ALBERT SETTLE, of Bolton, both in the
County of Lancaster. " IMPROVEMENTS IN PIN OR PIRN WINDING MACHINES."
First. Instead of the candlestick and bracket now used for holding the spindle
which carries the pirn, and which is apt to stick at times through dust or dirt
getting in, we employ a solid spindle, at or about the top of which is keyed by a
set screw or other means a small bracket having a hole or slot for the spindle to
slide up or work in as the pirn or bobbin increases in diameter, all the other
working parts being the same as in the ordinary machine. Or instead of the solid
spindle with the bracket keyed to it the bracket and spindle may be in one piece
and fastened to the top rail.
Secondly. Instead of the present plan of re-bitting warves when worn, and which
is expensive, we form a recess in the top of the warve into which we insert a piece
of bent wire of a shape to fit the flat part of the spindle, and when the said wire is
worn it is easily replaced by another piece, and so saves the time and expense now
lost by taking off the warves and sending them to the foundry to be re-bitted.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINEY OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED IN SEAMING OR JOINING LOOPED OR OTHER FABRICS
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Campion at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 29th December 1876.
WILLIAM CAMPION, of Sneinton, in the County of Nottingham, Machinist.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINEY OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED IN SEAMING OR JOINING
LOOPED OR OTHER FABRICS."
The machine consists of a two-armed platform, in the upper arm of which a needle
rod slides. This rod lies in an inclined position, its upper end pointing towards the
operator; the needle rod is moved to and fro in its bearings by the upper end of an
angle lever taking into the slot of a boss secured to the needle rod; the back of the
boss sliding on the arm of the platform prevents the needle rod from turning round;
the lower end of the angle lever is forked, and clips an excentric cam which operates
it. The lower arm of the platform supports an axle for a disk, toothed on one side,
and driven by a spur wheel intermittently revolved by a toothed wheel at the op-
posite end, which is operated by a doubled-ended lever moved by a cam; upon the
plain side of the disk a hook rocks and slides, being operated by a coiled spring on
its shaft and a cam at the opposite end; the hook, after securing a loop of the
thread fed to the needle holds the loop open until the needle advancing again enters
it; the hook then drops behind the needle until a fresh loop is formed, when the
movements are repeated. The plain side of the disk has saw gates cut in it, in each
of which a grooved point radiating from the circumference is soldered or otherwise
secured, the point of the needle entering one of such grooves at each downward
movement. Outside the hook and needle there is a fixed guard plate which throws
off the fabric after the stitch is made, and also protects the fingers of the operator
from the revolving points. The edges of the fabric to be joined are placed upon the
points and the disk revolving towards the operator throws off the work.
MENTS IN ROLLER SKATES
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Beadle at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 8th July 1876.
GEORGE BEADLE, of Boughton-Monchelsea, in the County of Kent.
MENTS IN ROLLER SKATES."
"IMPROVE-
My Invention relates to a simple and cheap construction of roller skate having
wheels of larger diameter than usual whereby greater speed and ease are ensured.
According to my Invention the footstand of the skate is either mounted upon or
hung beneath a transverse axle mounted upon two large main or running wheels,
which turn loosely and independently of one another upon the said axle. This
axle is situate about the middle of the length of the skate, and may either pass
beneath the waist of the foot or above the instep, in which case the footstand is
hung from it by stirrup pieces. In either case the footstand is connected with its
support by vertical bolts having india-rubber washers beneath the heads to permit
of a certain amount of play, and the footstand being rounded. to allow it to rock or
tilt laterally and accommodate itself to the inclination of the skater's foot in per-
forming curves. A small wheel is mounted in the toe and another at the heel of
the footstand to prevent tripping and to support the skater when standing still,
but these wheels are above the level of the ground so as to throw the whole weight
upon the two large running wheels when skating.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF VENTILATING HATS OR OTHER COVERINGS FOR THE HEAD
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATON left by Thomas James Bowman at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 14th July 1876.
THOMAS JAMES BOWMAN, of Rheidol Terrace, Islington, in the County of Middlesex.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF VENTILATING HATS OR OTHER COVERINGS
FOR THE HEAD."
This Invention relates to certain improvements in the method of ventilating hats
or other coverings for the head, whereby a current of air is allowed to circulate
freely between the hat and the forehead.
The following is the manner I propose to attain the above object :-Inside the
hat and in front thereof I place a pad in such a way that it shall rest on the top
of the forehead of the wearer, thereby leaving a certain space between the said hat
and forehead for cooling purposes and for the admission of air. On the sides of
the hat and in the interior thereof I also place two wedge-shaped pads, the thin
ends of which are turned towards the back of the hat. A certain space is allowed
between the front pad aforesaid and the two side pads, the object of which is to
cause the air which circulates between the hat and the forehead to pass and escape
through the ventilator at the top of the hat. I construct the above-described pads
of leather, cork, felt, or other suitable material, and fix them in any suitable way.
Instead of attaching the pads inside the hat the shape of the said hat may be
moulded (when in a plastic state) in such a way as to offer the same projections as
those obtained by adding the pads.
When it is desired to apply the above arrangement to hats already in use I
proceed as follows:-I cut and remove part of the hat and with it also part of the
brim around the front of the said hat and fix the said part forward on to the brim,
so that a certain space shall be left between it and the hat and form the two side
wedges. I then place the front pad in such a way that it shall rest on the top of
the forehead so as to leave an open space around it for the admission of air.
IMPROVEMENTS IN FRAMES EMPLOYED IN THE STRETCHING AND FINISHING OF SKIRTS
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Bernard Ward at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 14th September 1876.
THOMAS BERNARD WARD, of Holt Town, Manchester, in the County of Lancaster,
Dyer. ""IMPROVEMENTS IN FRAMES EMPLOYED IN THE STRETCHING AND FINISHING
OF SKIRTS."
My Invention relates to the adjustable frames upon which skirts or articles of
A cross
wearing apparel are stretched in processos for dyeing or cleaning the same.
bai is fitted to slide upon the central member of a tee shaped frame, and is arranged
to be drawn away from the cross piece of the same frame by means of screws or
other suitable appliances. The cross piece of the said tee frame and the said
sliding cross bar are formed with grooves; side bars extend from the said cross
piece to the said cross bar, and arrangements are provided for retaining the said
side bars in position when they are moved away from the said central member. For
this purpose I fix racks or ratchet teeth upon the said cross piece and cross bar, and
I mount pawls upon the said side bars, the said pawls engaging with the said racks.
Fingers projecting over the said cross bars prevent the said bars from turning over
when the skirt is strained upon the frame; the upper and lower parts of the skirt
are fixed to the cross piece and cross bar by means of rods and clamping screws,
the said rods holding the material of the skirt firmly in the aforesaid grooves, or
I may fix the lower part of the skirt only, the upper part being loose. The skirt
is stretched out sideways by moving the side bars outwards, the bars assuming
the required angles. The stretching in a lengthways direction is offected by turning
the said screws.
AN IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR MEASURING SPHERICAL TRIANGLES BY MECHANICAL ACTION."
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Francis Cranmer Penrose at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 10th April 1876.
FRANCIS CRANMER PENROSE, of No. 68, St. Paul's Churchyard, in the City of London,.
Architect. "AN IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR MEASURING SPHERICAL TRIANGLES
BY MECHANICAL ACTION."
Two planes formed of wood or any other suitable material are hinged so as to
turn with respect to each other about a common axis. One of these planes is
bounded by a semicircle and the other by a segment rather larger than a quadrant,
but both to the same radius. Below the last mentioned plane and at right angles
to the axis upon which the two turn is another semicircular plane cut to a smaller
radius than the two former, and is hinged so as to fall down like the flap of a fold
up table for the purpose of rendering the instrument more portable. A hinged
bracket keeps it in its place when wanted.
The three planes are graduated on their circular edges. The two former into
degrees and the latter more particularly into divisions representing hours and
minutes.
An arm or radius bar is centred so as to carry a point along one of the graduated
edges of the first inentioned planes, and from this point issues a link free at the
other extremity and graduated with a scale of chords measured from a circle of the
larger radius mentioned. This link by means of an universal joint at the point
described is enabled to be placed in any direction and can thus be applied to the
semicircle when the fixed end is carried on the quadrant, and vice versa. Clamps
are placed upon the radius bar and upon the lower extremity of the quadrant plane
to fix them respectively when set in any position.
By means of these graduated arcs and the free link any ordinary problem in
spherical trigonometry can be determined in one operation. For instance if three
sides are given and combined on the instrument the angle required will be shown
upon the sinaller semicircle. Or if an angle and two sides are given and combined
on the instrument the third side can be read off upon the free link or upon the
graduated are opposite to the fixed end of the link, according to the nature of the
problem.
Thus the instrument may be used to obtain approximately either the hour angle
or the azimuth as may be desired from a given latitude, declination, and altitude.
D91

page_text: "
27
And it is particularly available for reducing the lunar distance observations taken
at sea or by travellers in unexplored countries by performing the operation of
clearing the distance as the ratio between the required parallax and the parallax
in altitude, and also the correction for refraction can be found with an accuracy
sufficient for all ordinary purposes by mere inspection of the instrument.
IMPROVEMENTS IN FIRE-PLACES, STOVES, AND APPARATUS FOR HEATING ROOMS AND BUILDINGS
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Clifford Morgan, Henry
Macaulay, and Francis William Waide at the Office of the Commissioners of
Patents on the 17th January 1876.
JAMES CLIFFORD MORGAN, HENRY MACAULAY, and FRANCIS WILLIAM WAIDE,
all of Bath Works, Rotherham, in the County of York, Stove Grate Manufacturers
and Ironfounders. "IMPROVEMENTS IN FIRE-PLACES, STOVES, AND APPARATUS FOR
HEATING ROOMS AND BUILDINGS."
This Invention has for its object improvements in fire-places, stoves, and apparatus
for heating rooms and buildings.
We construct fire-places in such manner that the fire basket together with the
ash pan and the reflecting arch can when the fire is alight be moved, so that when
the fire is burning brightly and the draft is good it may when desired be brought
forward into the room, and when the fire is first lighted or when the draft is
deficient, or when the full heat of the fire is not required it may be pushed back
into the chimney recess.
To convey the smoke to the chimney there is a smoke flue pipe connected with a
sand joint. or equivalent. joint, so as to be moveable and admit of the movement
of the fire basket. The mouth of the chimney is closed by a plate, through which
the flue pipe passes, so that at the back of the stove is a space or chamber from
which smoke is excluded, and from which heated air may be allowed to enter the
room. In order that the air in this chamber may not be tainted by contact with
overheated iron, we can coat the back part of the stove with glazed earthenware
tiles, either plain or having ribs or gills raised upon them to increase the heating
surface. We also employ tiles having. ribs or gills raised upon them wherever
it is desirable to use a moderately heated surface to heat by contact the air of a room
or building.
The fire basket with the parts connected therewith may be mounted on rollers at
the bottom, or on feet, or on slides, or it may be suspended, and in some cases it
may be carried on pivots so placed that as the fire basket is drawn forwards the
reflecting.arch is thrown back and vice versa. Or independently of the fire basket
the reflecting arch may be arranged to tip forward when required, to act more
efficiently as a hood to conduct away smoke. We also sometimes fit doors or
slides to enclose the fire more or less completely whenever it may be required.

page_text: To give to the reflecting arch an ornamental and efficient reflecting surface we
face it with glass moulded with diamond like facets.
We also make kitchen ranges movable on wheels and with self contained flues,
so that they can be brought to and pushed into a chimney recess in the same way as
the moveable register stoves.