Improvements in Drain and other Pipes.
Year: 1893

page_text: Date of Application, 12th Jan., 1893
Comolete Specification Left, 20th Mar., 1893-Accepted, 13th May, 1893
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Drain and other Pipes.
We BERNARD JOHN DICKSEE, Associate of the Royal Institute of British
Architects of 35 Queen Victoria Street in the City of London and 87 Canfield
Gardens West Hampstead Architect and ARTHUR HENRY DICKSEE of 7 Ryder
Street St. James's & Stanwell House Lyford Road Wandsworth Common Fine
Art Agent do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows :-
:-
.
Our invention, which relates to drain & other pipes, consists of Firstly-an
improvement in the form and Secondly-an improvement in the joints & jointing.
In many cases in order to provide for a possible heavy discharge, a larger drain
pipe is used than is necessary or desirable for the effectual removal of the usual
discharge of the drain; the result of this is that this discharge, which would
produce a good flush in a smaller pipe, being discharged into the larger pipe, does
little more than wet the bottom of the pipe; and the water drains slowly away
leaving the solid matter deposited in the drains, where it decomposes & gives off
noxious gas.
To remedy this defect we construct the invert of all pipes of
whatever size of the same or almost the same contour; so that the water flowing
from a small pipe into a larger one maintains, when the wetted perimeter does not
exceed the invert common to the two pipes, the same depth & sectional form, &
consequently the same velocity; if the pipe is running fuller than this a very
slight difference only takes place; in all cases the depth of the water in the pipe
bears a large proportion to the width, thus inducing a quick flow.
The invert of the pipe is in contour a portion of a circle, less than a semi-circle,
of the same radius in each size pipe; continued above at the sides by straight or
nearly straight lines at an oblique angle; the height of this straight or nearly
straight portion depends upon the size of the pipe; the crown of the pipe is in
contour a portion of a circle more than a semicircle of a diameter equal to the full
width of the pipe; but this upper portion may be elliptical, segmental, or any
other
shape; and the invert may also be varied in form, but the same invert should be
maintained or nearly so throughout the pipes of all sizes.
In all pipes at present in use the joints are so formed that in the event of any
displacement of the pipe occurring, the consequent lengthening of the drain causes
one at least of the joints to open or draw, & a leakage is the result. To remedy
this defect we construct our pipes with a joint so locked or keyed that when the
pipes are laid, short of breaking the pipe itself, the spigot cannot be drawn from
the faucet. We form on the inside of the faucet & the outside of the spigot, of
the same material as & in one piece with the pipe, one or more projecting flanges;
which, when the joint is made, are effectually keyed to each other by the enclosed
annular ring of cement or other jointing material employed, rendering it
impossible to withdraw one pipe from the other.
.
We make
These flanges may be concentric or excentric & are so arranged that the flanges
on the spigot & faucet clear each other when the pipes are being laid.
two holes in the upper side of the faucet through which to pour the material used
for completing the joint, which may be cement, asphalt, bitumenous material,
metal or any other suitable material.
The form & joint invented by us although specially described for use in drain
pipes may be used for any other purpose; & they may be used in conjunction or
separately; & the joint may be applied to circular elliptical square or any other
shaped pipes; and the pipes may be of stoneware, earthenware, fireclay, metal or
other material or of different materials.

page_text: The same form & joint may be used upon all traps, closets. & other appliances
connected with drains & pipes.
Dated this 12th day of January 1893.
BERNARD JOHN DICKSEE.
ARTHUR HENRY DICKSEE.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Drain and other Pipes.
We BERNARD JOHN DICKSEE Associate of the Royal Institute of British
Architects of 35 Queen Victoria Street in the City of London & 87 Canfield
Gardens West Hampstead Architect and ARTHUR HENRY DICKSEE of 7 Ryder
Street St. James's & Stanwell House Lyford Road Wandsworth Common Surrey
Fine Art Agent do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement :-
:
Our invention consists of-Firstly, an improvement in the form & Secondly an
improvement in the joints & jointing of pipes.
In many cases in order to provide for a possible heavy discharge, a larger drain
pipe is used than is necessary or desirable for the effectual removal of the usual
discharge of the drain. The result of this is that this discharge, which would
produce a good flush in a smaller pipe, being discharged into the larger pipe does
little more than wet the bottom & the water drains slowly away leaving the solid
matter deposited in the drain where it decomposes & gives off noxious gases.
To remedy this defect we construct the invert of all pipes of whatever size of the
same or almost the same contour, so that water flowing from a small pipe into a
larger one maintains, when the wetted perimeter does not exceed the invert
common to the two pipes, the same depth & sectional form and consequently the
same velocity; if the pipe be running fuller than this a very slight difference only
takes place. In all cases the depth of the water in the pipe bears a large
proportion to the width thus inducing a quick flow.
The invert of the pipe is in contour a portion of a circle less than a semicircle of
the same radius in each size pipe continued above at the sides by straight or nearly
straight lines at an oblique angle, the height of this straight or nearly straight
portion depends upon the size of the pipe; the crown of the pipe is in contour a
portion of a circle more than a semicircle of a diameter equal to the full width of
the pipe, but this upper portion may be elliptical, segmental or any other shape, &
the invert may also be varied in form, but the same invert should be maintained,
or nearly so, throughout the pipes of all sizes..
As it is desirable that the vertical axis of the pipe should be maintained in an
upright position we preferably provide the faucet end of each pipe with a foot or
feet or a flat bottom which bears directly upon the bed of concrete laid to receive
the drain, &, when this concrète has been properly levelled no further levelling of
the drain is then necessary. We do not claim as new & original these feet, blocks
or flat bottoms, as they have been used in various forms from time immemorial,
such for instance as "ears" to rain water pipes, "tacks" to lead soil pipes, sewer
invert blocks &c. We preferably make the taper pipes taper only on the upper
side, maintaining the invert at the same level throughout the drain, including also
the junctions.
In the accompanying diagram Fig. 1 represents a section through the pipes of
various sizes, showing the internal contour of the pipes. The invert A. B is common
to all, the sizes, as are also the sides E A & B C; in all but the 4" x 4" pipe
the sides HA & B F are common, & in the two largest sizes shown the
sides M.A. & B K. The crowns of the various pipes are respectively shown
DOL e n

page_text: In Fig. 1 the invert is shown of 1 inch radius (equal to a 3" circular pipe) but
this invert may be made of any other radius as for instance 2 inches (equal to a 4"
circular pipe) in which case the 4 inch pipe would be made circular & the 6 inch
pipe sides would be only as H E & C F with the invert from E to C. A larger
radius than 2 inches for the invert is not recommended for house drains.
Fig. 2 shows how the pipes may be made with elliptical crowns.
In all pipes at present in use the joints are so formed that, in the event of any
displacement of the pipe occurring, the consequent lengthening of the drain causes
one at least of the joints to open or draw, & a leakage is the result.
To remedy this defect we construct our pipes with a joint so locked or keyed
that, when the pipes are laid, short of breaking the pipe itself the spigot cannot be
drawn from, the socket or faucet.
We form on the inside of the faucet & the outside of the spigot, of the same
material & in one piece with the pipe, one or more projecting flanges, which, when
the joint is made, are effectually keyed to each other by the enclosed annular ring
of cement or other jointing material employed, rendering it impossible to withdraw
one pipe from the other. These flanges may be concentric or excentric & are so
arranged that the flanges on the spigot & faucet clear each other when the pipes
are being laid. We make two holes in the upper side of the faucet through which
to pour the material used for completing the joint, which, may be cement, mastic
asphalt, bitumenous material, metal or any other suitable material.
i. 1
In the accompanying diagram the joint is represented in Figs. 3, 4, 5 & 6:
Figs. 3 & 4 show the concentric arrangements & Figs. 5 & 6 the excentric.
A represents the faucet of the pipe & D the internal projecting flange on the
faucet. The spigot end of the pipe is furnished with projecting flanges B & C
(Fig. 4 has one flange B only); the flange B is so formed that it will pass through
the faucet flange D while the flange C fills or nearly fills the space inside flange D.
At E there are two holes through which the jointing material may be poured &
the air escape..
When the pipes are to be jointed the end of the spigot is painted or brushed over
with tallow, white lead, pitch or other suitable material, passed into the faucet &
pressed home; a temporary water tight joint is thus made between the pipes; the
junction of the flanges C & D is then smeared round with suitable material (or in
Fig. 4 a fillet of cement, clay or other material run round the pipe); the cement
or other jointing material is now poured carefully into one of the holes at E until
it flows right round the pipe & appears at the other hole at E; this forms an
annular key K, which, when the jointing material is set, effectually prevents the
pipes from being drawn apart.
In Figs. 3 & 4 the key is formed of the jointing material only & in Figs. 5 & 6
there is also a key in the substance of the pipe itself at the invert.
The flanges B, C & D may be made on their outer rim either square rounded
bevelled or any other form & need not necessarily follow the same form as the
pipe.
With pipes of the section shown in Fig. 1, there may be a small raised projection
on the top, or side, of the flanges B & C (or on one of them only) and a corre-
sponding depression in the flange D into which the projection fits; this will prevent
the possibility of the pipes becomming jammed by being twisted, & will facilitate
the laying of the pipes.
This joint may be varied by omitting the crown of the faucet & carrying up the
sides to a level with the top; the joint would then be made of the section shown at
the lower part of Fig. 6 & the spigot would be lowered upon the faucet & the
joint grouted and flashed up. Channels may also be jointed in this way.
The form & joint invented by us, although specially described for use in drain
pipes, may be applied to pipes used for any other purpose; & they may be used in
conjunction or separately; & the joint may be applied to circalar, elliptical or any
other shaped pipes; & the pipes may be of stoneware, earthenware, fireclay, metal
or other material, or off different materials.
3

page_text: The same form & joint may be used upon all traps closets & other appliances
connected with drains & pipes.
Having now particularly described & ascertained the nature of our said inven-
tion & in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what we
claim as our invention is:-
!
:
1. The particular form of drain & other pipes, wherein the inverts of the pipes
of all sizes used in the same installation are of the same or nearly the same contour
substantially as & for the purpose set forth in the accompanying Specification &
drawings.
2. The particular form of spigot & faucet joints with internal & external flange or
flanges respectively on the faucet & spigot of the same material as & integral with
the body of the pipe, so constructed as to contain between them an annular key of
jointing material with or without a locking of the pipes themselves, substantially
as & for the purpose set forth in the accompanying Specification & drawings.
Dated this 20th day of March 1893.
BERNARD JOHN DICKSEE..
ARTHUR HENRY. DICKSEE.