IMPROVEMENTS IN APPA- RATUS FOR EXTRACTING LIQUID OUT OF SOLID SUBSTANCES TO THE
Year: 1853

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Jean Marie Durnerin, of Paris, Rue de la
Mounaie, No. 11, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPA-
RATUS FOR EXTRACTING LIQUID OUT OF SOLID SUBSTANCES, SPECIALLY
Sealed the 17th May 1853, and dated the 21st March 1853.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Jean Maric
Durnerin, at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
his Petition, on the 21st March 1853.
I, DURNERIN, (JEAN MARIE,) of Paris, Rue de la Mounaie, No. 11,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN APPARATUS FOR EXTRACTING LIQUID OUT OF SOLID SUBSTANCES, SPECIALLY
APPLICABLE TO THE TREATMENT OF FATTY MATTERS," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in forcing the matters from which the fluid
portions are to be separated into a chamber by means of a piston
working in a cylinder, the return of the matters from the chamber
during the back stroke of the piston being prevented by means of a
cock or valve, worked either by hand or by machinery. The chamber

page_text: into which the matters are forced is best made of a cylindrical form,
having a sold mandril in the centre; both the cylinder and the mandril
being grooved in the direction of their length. Inside this cylinder
and round this mandril is placed wire cloth, so as to rest on the top of
the grooves, and on this again is placed a closely-woven fabric. The
fluid portions of the matters forced in pass through the fabric and the
wire cloth, and run down the grooves into a receiver placed below.
The forcing piston is so arranged that weights can be placed upon it
so that the matters can be left for any length of time under pressure.
The filtering cylinder may be surrounded by an exterior cylinder, so
that the apparatus may be kept at any temperature at which it is
desired to press.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Jean Marie Durnerin, in the Great Seal Patent
Office, on the 21st September 1853.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I,
JEAN MARID DURNERIN, of Paris, Rue de la Monnaie, No. 11, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-first day of March in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-three, in the six-
teenth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Ier heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said Jean Maric Durnerin, Her special
licence that I, the said Jean Marie Durnerin, my executors, adminis-
trators, and assigns, or such others as 1, the said Jean Marie
Durnerin, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time
agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times there-
after during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR EXTRACTING LIQUID OUT OF
SOLID SUBSTANCES, SPECIALLY APPLICABLE TO THE TREATMENT OF FATTY
MATTERS," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Jean

page_text: Marie Durnerin, by an instrument in writing under my hand and
seal, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and
cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Jean Marie Durnerin, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement thereof (that is to say):
piston
My Invention consists in forcing the matters from which the fluid
portions are to be separated into a chamber by means of a
working in a cylinder. The return of the matters from the chamber
during the back stroke of the piston being prevented by means of a
cock or valve, worked either by hand or by machinery. The chamber
into which the matters are forced is best made of a cylindrical form,
having a solid mandril in the centre; both the cylinder and the mandril
being grooved in the direction of their length. Inside the cylinder and
round this mandril is placed wire cloth, so as to rest on the top of the
grooves; and on this again is placed a closely-woven fabric. The fluid
portions of the matters forced in pass through the fabric and the wire
cloth, and run down the grooves into a receiver placed below. The
forcing piston is so arranged that weights can be placed upon it so
that the matters can be left for any length of time under pressure.
The filtering cylinder may be surrounded by an exterior cylinder, so
that the apparatus may be kept at any temperature at which it is
desired to press.
And, in order that my said Invention may be most fully understood
and readily carried into effect, I will proceed to describe the drawing
hereunto annexed. Figure 1, is a vertical section of the apparatus at
A, B, Figure 2; Figure 2, is a horizontal section through the body
of the press at C, D, Figure 1; Figure 3, shows, on a smaller scale,
several filters combined in to one apparatus; and Figure 4, is a side
view of the filtering cylinder.
A, is a cylinder of wood, which I prefer to construct in two semi-

page_text: cylindrical parts, bound together with divided hoops of iron Q, which
are drawn tightly round the cylinder A, by the long metal wedge R,
which has a projection S, to withdraw it when required, as shown at
Figures 2, and 4. This cylinder is grooved longitudinally, as shown at
Figure 2, and is lined interiorly at B, with wire cloth, which is fixed
on the top of the grooves. Inside the wire cloth is another lining of
woollen or other fabric C.
D, is a mandril of wood, grooved and coated in the same manner
as the cylinder A, is lined. K, is a cross piece of wood to support the
mandril at its upper part. L, is a circular piece of wood, into which
the mandril is fixed at its lower end; it is grooved and covered with
filtering material in the same manner as the cylinder and mandril.
M, is a round piece of wood, similar to L, and also grooved on its
under side, and round the circumference of which the upper edge of the
filtering fabric is tightly bound.
N, is a strong piece of wood, forming the head of the filter, and
which has a circular hole in the centre, through which the barrel F, of
the cock G, passes.
I, is the exterior clothing of the filter, by means of which the tem-
perature is kept at the desired point, heated air being admitted through
the tubes O, O.
T, T, are tye bars of iron, passing through the top and bottom of the
apparatus, and which hold all the parts firmly together.
FI, is a piston, which is worked up and down by n steam engine, or
by other convenient means, and which has a table V, ou its upper end,
on which can be placed weights, when required.
E, is a tube, by which the matter to be filtered comes from the
receiver P, to the pump cylinder. It is closed by a slide, which is
drawn up to admit the matter to the cylinder when the piston has
risen above the mouth of the tube.
G, is a cock, worked either mechanically or by hand, which is opened
during the descent of the piston, and closed during its return.
From the preceding description the manner in which the filter operates
will easily be understood. When the piston EI, has arrived at the upper
part of the pump cylinder, the matter to be filtered is allowed to enter

page_text: by the tube E; the piston then commencing to descend, the cock G, is
opened, and the matter is forced into the filtering cylinder, and the
liquid portions escape through the filtering material down the grooves
in the cylinder into a trough placed below; the cock G, is now again
closed, while the piston rises, and is again opened during its descent;
and thus another portion is forced into the cylinder A. When the
cylinder A, is quite full of solid matter, from which the fluid portion
has been separated, the cylinder must be opened and emptied of its
contents.
Having thus described the nature of my Invention, and the manner
of performing the same, I would have it understood that I do not
confine myself to the precise details described; but what I claim is the
mode above described of separating liquid from solid substances by
forcing them by means of a force pump into a vessel arranged as herein
explained, so as to retain the solid portions, and to allow the fluid
portions to pass freely away.
In witness whereof, I, the said Jean Marie Durnerin, have here-
unto set my hand and seal, this Seventeenth day of September,
in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-
three.
JEAN MARIE DURNERIN. (L.S.)
Witness, M. SAUTTER,
of Paris, rue Droust, 2.