IMPROVE- MENTS IN CHURNS
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Haseltine at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 25th August
1866. A communication from abroad by Sylvester Franklin Schoon-
maker, of the City, County, and State of New York, United States of
America.
I, GEORGE HASELTINE, of the "International Patent Office," No. 8,
Southampton Buildings, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Civil
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN CHURNS," a communication, to be as follows:-
The said improvements consist chiefly in the mode of forcing air into the
contents of the churn, and in the peculiar arrangement of a series of breakers
against which the milk is thrown during the process of churning. The churn
is composed mainly of a cylindrical vessel of wood or other suitable material,
in the centre of which an upright revolving shaft or spindle is placed carrying
a set of beaters, by whose action the required agitation is imparted to the
milk and other contents of the churn. At the lower end of the upright shaft,
a little above the bottom of the cylindrical vessel, one or more horizontal
tubes are fixed, extending from the centre of the said shaft outward. These
tubes are formed of tin or other suitable material, and are open at their outer
end, having orifices of a smaller area at a point near the spindle. Other
tubes are connected to these horizontal tubes and extend upward therefrom by
the side of the upright shaft, by which they are supported in small sockets

page_text: or other convenient means of attachment, which allow the tubes to be readily
removed when required for cleaning or other purposes. These vertical tubes
are made to extend upward above the level of the contents of the churn and
are open at their upper ends to admit the air. When milk is placed in the the
cylindrical vessel it will rise to the same level in the vertical tubes, but when
the central shaft carrying the said tubes is set in motion the centrifugal
force derived therefrom will throw the milk out through the horizontal tubes.
This produces a partial vacuum in the tubes and causes the air to rush down
through the opening in the upper end thereof. The air thus drawn into the
tubes is immediately thrown out therefrom by the centrifugal force produced
by the continued rotation of the upright shaft or spindle and by the friction of
the milk passing through the horizontal tubes from the inner to the outer
orifices therein. The aerification of the contents of the cylindrical vessel is
further assisted by causing the extremities of the horizontal tubes to revolve
under the lower extremities of the breakers. This partially prevents the
contents of the cylinder following closely the horizontal tubes while they rotate
under the said breakers, and causes the formation of empty spaces within the
contents of the cylindrical vessel, the said spaces being immediately filled
by the air drawn through the horizontal tubes. Thus a continuous stream of
air is caused to pass through the tubes into the milk or other contents of the
'churn, which are thereby effectually aerified. The beaters are attached hori-
zontally to the central upright shaft, and are formed preferably of flat strips of.
wood secured to the said shaft in. a slightly inclined position.
The breakers consist of round or other suitably shaped bars or rods of wood
or metal, and are fixed to the inside of the cylindrical vessel just clear of the
ends of the revolving beaters. The said bars or rods are arranged in pairs
or sets, one of each pair being fixed close to the surface of the cylindrical
vessel, and the other a little towards the centre thereof. These rods or bars
are of sufficient length to stand above the level of the contents of the said
vessel, and are secured to the sides thereof by metal holdfasts or other
suitable and convenient means. The upright shaft carries a toothed pinion on
its upper end which gears into another pinion on a horizontal shaft which
turns in bearings fixed on the top of the churn. The said horizontal shaft is
provided with a handle, by turning which the shafts are set in motion.