A New or Improved Open or Enclosed Are Electric Lamp.
Year: 1898

page_text: Date of Application, 16th Nov., 1898
Complete Specification Left, 16th Aug., 1859-Accepted, 11th Nov., 1899
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
A New or Improved Open or Enclosed Are Electric Lamp.
We, HUGO HIRST, Electrical Engineer, and HENRY BEVIS, Electrical Engineer,
both of No. 69-71-88-92, Queen Victoria Street, in the City and County of
London, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
Our invention relates to a new or improved open or enclosed are electric lamp.
and has for its object the regulation and feed, also the maintenance of a perfect
are without the intervention of electro-magnetic coils, solenoids or, clockwork.
In carrying our invention into effect we preferably provide a fixed lower or
negative carbon, the upper or positive carbon being held by a combined ring and
claw clutch and normally resting upon the lower carbon, when the circuit is
broken. One or more wires or strips of metal or alloy, are arranged in connec-
tion with differential levers, so that when the current is, so to speak, short
circuited, through the contact of the two carbons, the expansion of one wire or
conductor by the heating effect of the current passing through it, causes the arc
to be established.
The levers are adjusted in due proportion to the co efficients of expansion, and
lengths of the expansive and contractile conductors operating thom, and are
arranged to grip the carbon and raise it to strike the arc, when the short cir-
cuiting through the carbon electrodes has sufficiently lengthened the feeding and
actuating conductor, and maintain it until the resistance of the arc balances the
carrying capacity of the expansive conductor aforesaid at which period its length
is altered, and thus releases the clutch for the necessary feeding movements,
bringing the two carbons together and keeping the are at its normal point of
luminosity.
In this case we do not set forth as a novelty any system of levers or mechanism,
but the essential feature of our invention is the regulation and feeding of an
electric are by the alternate expansion and contraction of a conductor of suitable
cross section or shape without the intervention of electro magnets, solenoids or
clockwork, or like mechanism, and we may use any kind of lifting or feeding
clutch in connection therewith, and may vary the combination of levers without
departing from our said invention. Further, the arrangement of a clutch and
expansive and contractile conductors are applicable to arcs under the conditions
of a continuous or alternating electric current without altering the mechanism.
Dated this 16th dox of November 1898.
FREDK. WALKER,
73, St. Stephens Road, Upton Park, London, E.,
Agent for the Applicants.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.

page_text: London, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement:-
-
Our invention relates to a new or improved open or enclosed are electric lamp,
and has for its object, the regulation and feed, also the maintenance of a perfect
are without the intervention of electro-magnetic coils, solenoids or clockwork.
The lamp regulation device according to our said invention may be considered
as analogous to an ammeter in which a wire heated and expanded by the current
may by a clutch or like action operate a pointer against the tension of a spring
-substituting the positive carbon of an are lamp so that the clutch strikes the
are and maintains the feed regularly by the varying expansion of the wire, con-
stitutes the principle of the arc electric lamp herein to be described.
In order that our invention should be the better understood we have appended
the accompanying 2 sheets of drawings in which Figure 1, Sheet 1, is a sectional
elevation of a complete lamp, simply showing the relative positions of the various
parts. Figure 2 is an elevation of the regulating device; shewn detached, and
drawn to a larger scale, and also arranged to show the movements independently
of the exact position of each part, for sake of clearness in aiding the description.
Figure 3 is a plan view of the clutch device. Figure 4 Sheet 2 is a perspective
view of the lifting lever with its opposite fulcrums. Figures 5 and 5° are
respectively elevational and side views of the saddle piece engaging with the
lifting lever. Figure 6 is an elevation of the supporting pillars, upon which the
lifting lever is fulcrummed. Figure 7 is a diagram showing the relative posi-
tions of the fulcrums, and the direction of movement according to the force
applied in either direction. Similar letters of reference indicate corresponding
parts throughout the several views.
In carrying our invention into effect we preferably provide a fixed lower or
negative carbon N, the upper or positive carbon V being held by a holder h
sliding within a tube T, and controlled by a spring S of slight tension. A wire
or strip of suitable metal or alloy B, shown by dotted outlines in Figure 1 but
more particularly in the view Figure 2 upon a larger scale, and shown separately,
is the controlling medium. One end of B is attached by a clip C to a screwed
spindle d upon which said clip C may slide freely said spindle being flattened
upon one or more sides to prevent the turning of the clip C, and consequent
twisting of the wire or strip B. A nut n controls the tension of B, and the
spindle & is directly connected with the + terminal R which is otherwise insulated
from the frame of the lamp or any part thereof. The wire or strip B passes
over three double pulleys P P P of china, porcelain or other insulating material
in the manner shown by Figure 2. The lower end of the wire or strip B is
connected to a saddle piece E by a clip F, and normally B is drawn to full
tension at the ordinary atmospheric temperature by the nut n. A lifting lever L
is fixed to a cranked spindle M which is supported by knife edges upon
pillars QQ and the saddle piece E rests upon the inner knife edge o of the
spindle M as shown by Figures 4, 6 and 7, Sheet 2, which are in detail and not
drawn to scale. Said saddle piece E is shown in front and side elevation by
Figures 5 and 5ª upon the same sheet. The diagram Figure 7 illustrates the
action of the saddle piece E when controlled by the spring X by the downward
movement in the direction of z raising the lever L and revolving in the direction
of upon the fulcrum of the knife edge k. The return movement is shown by
the dotted arrow Y when the force indicated by z is released or no longer active.
The end of the lever L is connected to a loose ring clutch e Figures 2 and 3
by a jointed link 1, said clutch being within the tube T, and above the enclosed
globe holder H, In the normal position the loose ring clutch is in the position
as shown by Figure 2, where the positive carbon V ia in contact with the nega-
tive carbon N; the tension of the wire or strip B in its cold state overcoming
the tension of the spring X. When the current is switched on, the expansion

page_text: by heat of B, which is in series with the circuit causes the spring X to become
operative, and by acting through the saddle piece E on the knife edge o and
rocking the lever L fulcrummed upon the knife edge k so as to raise it, the loose
ring clutch c is first tilted so that two edges grip the positive carbon V, and then
as the expansion of B increases, and the spring X still further depresses the
saddle piece E, the carbon V and the loose ring clutch care raised bodily until
the arc is formed, when the interposed resistance in the circuit thus formed
decreases the relative expansion of B, and as the arc becomes wider by reason of
the consumption of carbon, the state of B tends to approach the normal, even-
tually releasing the loose ring clutch when the forces are balanced, and the
feed is effected, to be immediately checked by the heating of the wire B when
the distance between the two carbons N, V, have become small. But an accurate
equilibrium may be established between the spring X and the wire or strip B.
We find in practice that by a proper adjustment of leverage on the clutch gear
from the expansion wire or strip B that for example; starting with B at a
normal temperature, .e. 60° Fah., the current should run to 5.75 amperes
through B without an appreciable effect, and the striking of the are, and regula-
tion of the feed, to be from that point to 6'25 ampères. A resistance coil or coils
may if necessary be included in the (-) negative, these being distributed round
the lower part of the case as shown by r Figure 1.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what
we claim is:-
First. In an arc electric lamp the method of, and means for striking the are
and regulating the feed by a wire, tape, or ribbon capable of expansion or con-
traction under varying temperatures and included in the circuit in series in com-
bination with levers and a loose ring clutch holding or releasing the positive
carbon substantially as herein described and shown by the appended drawings.
Second. In an arc electric lamp as referred to in the preceding claim, having
a wire tape or ribbon capable of expansion or contraction under varying tem-
peratures the combination therewith of a counter spring X, saddle piece E, knife
edged spindle and crank M substantially as and for the purposes herein described
and shown by the drawings.
Third. In an are electric lamp as referred to in the preceding claims, the means
for and method of insulating the wire, ribbon or tape B by china or like pulleys P,
and bringing into tension by a screwed spindle d and nut n as herein described
and shown by the drawings.
Fourth. In an arc electric lamp as referred to in the preceding claims the
arrangement of the lever L and link in combination with a loose ring clutch c
operated by the expansion or contraction of a conductor B against the tension of
a spring X substantially as herein described and shown by the appended drawings.
Dated this 12th day of AUGUST 1899.
CN18 IZLD ABY QI ADENAL IN99
FREDK. WALKER,
73, St. Stephens Road, Upton Park, London, F.,
Agent for the Applicants.