IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF COKE
Year: 1883

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Watson, Pattinson, of Felling, House, Felling,
in the Parish of Heworth, in the County of Durham Chemical Manufacturer
for an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF COKE"
.:
at.
+37 19:
;
1.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Watson Pattinson
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 27th February 1883.
WILLIAM WATSON PATTINSON, of. Felling House, Felling, in the Parish of
Heworth, in the County of Durham Chemical Manufacturer. IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE MANUFACTURE OF COKE
.E.,
My Invention of Improvements in the manufacture of coke applies to those
processes of manufacture of coke dealing with recovery of products such as
Jameson's process described in specification of patent No 1947 and other similar
processes.
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In conjunction with these processes I employ a series of main pipes extending
along the range of ovens in which the process is being carried on and with the
seperate suction pipe to each oven connected to each main by branches and sluice
cocks or stop valves so as that communication may be established between the oven
and any one main only and that at a certain stage of the coking I can open the
communication to a certain main and at a later stage to another main and so on
and thus in a simple way to seperate the different qualities of gas and products
given off at different times, and at the same time to enable me in' a very simplé
manner to regulate the suction applied to the ovens at different stages' of the
coking operation, and I so apply condensation' as also to some extent to seperate
fractionally the products condensed' which fractional seperation I effect by tapping
the condensers at various points according to the degree of cooling...
'
In conjunction with this arrangement or seperately I use a main pipe which I
connect to the ovens when I desire to quench the coke and during the process of
quenching I apply suction to 'the oven bottom and recover any, water passing
through the coke or products eliminated in the process of quenching and which I
find to be rich in ammonia and other matters.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the "conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said William Watson Pattinson in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
27th August 1883.
WILLIAM WATSON PATTINSON of Felling House, Felling, in the parish of
Heworth, in the County of Durham Chemical Manufacturer.-IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE MANUFACTURE OF COKE
.
My Invention of improvements in the manufacture of coke applies to those
processes of manufacture of coke dealing with recovery of products such as
Jameson's process described in Specification of patent N° 19478 and other similar
processes. In conjunction with these processes. I employ a series of main pipes
extending along the range of ovens in which the process is being carried on and
with the seperate suction pipe to each oven connected to each main by branches
and sluice cocks or stop, valves so as that communication may be established between
the oven and any one main only and that at a certain stage of the coking I can
open the communication to a certain main and at a later stage to another main and
so on and thus in a simple way to seperate the different qualities of gas and
products given off at different times, and at the same time to enable me in a very
simple manner to regulate the suction applied to the ovens at different stages of
the coking operation and I so apply condensation as also to some extent to seperate
fractionally the products condensed which fractional seperation I effect by tapping
the condensers at various points according to the degree of cooling.
In conjunction, with this arrangement or soperately I use a main pipe which I
connect to the ovens when I desire to quench the coke and during the process of
quenching I apply suction to the oven bottom and recover any water passing
through the coke or products, eliminated in the process of quenching and which I
find to be rich in ammonia and other matters.
Having thus described the nature of my, Invention I will proceed more parti-
cularly to describe the manner in which the same is to be operated.
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The ranges of pipes referred, to may be operated either by a single exhauster or
by seperate exhausters-by a single exhauster if it be not desired to seperate different
qualities of gas and by seperate exhausters if the gases obtained. in different
circumstances are to be used seperately but in either case I regulate the degree of
suction in each main pipe either by a device operated automatically by, any
convenient means as is well understood or by a device to be operated in any other
way so as that when the oven suction pipe be connected to any particular main
pipe the suction applied to the oven may be the suction of that particular main
and no other. The effect of this arrangement is that I may regulate at convenient
intervals by change of connection and irrespective of the judgement or careful
attention of the man in charge of the oven the amount of suction to be applied and
thus to some extent the quantity of gas to be withdrawn so as that at an early
stage of the coking operation when there is a great depth of coal in the oven and
the suction at the oven bottom is not fully transmitted and the gas is generated
very freely and chiefly at the top I may by applying increased suction withdraw
the requisite proportion of the gas and that when the oven is nearly ignited
throughout and generating its gas at a slower rate and in close proximity to the
oven bottom and would therefore give off. gas to the suction pipe with great
freedom, I may avoid by diminished suction the withdrawal of an excessive
quantity, and so in proportion to the number of main pipes I may at convenient
intervals regulate the amount of suction applied by the mere opening and closing
of a valve at a fixed time instead of varying it more or less accurately by the more
or less opening and closing of one single valve.-By this means also I am enabled
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page_text: to effect a certain amount of seperation of products taking off for instance in the
first range of pipes a larger quantity of extremely weak ammoniacal water and in
other ranges of pipes a smaller quantity of much stronger ammoniacal water
whereby the subsequent treatment of the liquors is simplified.-In regard to the
seperation of products I make use of the fact that at different temperatures different
fractions of the oils and different qualities of ammoniacal liquor are seperated and
may be condensed seperately and I therefore employ condensing and scrubbing
arrangements whereby the oil condensing at one temperature may be seperated from
oil which is volatile at that temperature and so on and I similarly seperate the
ammoniacal liquor formed in different parts of the apparatus. As an illustration of
the mode of doing this I may instance that in any part of the apparatus when the
temperature is approaching to 212°.-I may by scrubbing and washing seperate fixed
ammoniacal liquor but pass on the whole or the greater part of the free ammonia
and the carbonate and sulphide of ammonia, whereby in distillation of the liquors
so seperated I may use lime for the distillation of one fraction of it namely that
containing the fixed ammonia and may dispense with the use of lime for the
distillation of another part of it namely that containing free ammonia or easily
distilled compounds as is well understood.
In regard to the oil it is well known that certain constituents of such volatile
oils are seperated at definite temperatures from one another and if an adequate
process of scrubbing and washing at a fixed temperature be adopted all oil or
matters condensible at that temperature may be extracted and the fractions passing
on will be those of a different composition from the fraction condensed.-By such
seperation the whole or the greater part of any contained tar or oils holding pitch
in solution may be seperated and the resultant seperated oil thus rendered more
suitable for subsequent treatment.-I employ the steam or part of the steam
generated during the quenching of the oven as a convenient means of cleaning the
pipes and scrubbers and for the fractional seperation of ammoniacal compounds as
already described and I condense such portions of this steam as may be found rich
in ammonia at one part of the apparatus and that poor in ammonia in another..
Having thus described the nature of my Invention and the manner in which the
same is to be performed. I claim as my Invention secured to me by the herein-
before recited letters patent.
1 The seperate ranges of pipes for the purposes substantially as described.
2nd The fractional seperation of products whether of tar or ammonia substantially
as described.
3rd The recovery of ammonia generated during the quenching of the oven and its
seperation into fixed volatile compounds or free ammonia and strong and weak
liquors substantially as described.
In Witness whereof I said William Watson Pattinson, have hereunto set
my hand and seal this twenty fourth day of August, in the year of our
Lord, one thousand eight hundred and eighty three.
Witness
LH ARMOUR
Civil Engineer
16 West St
Gateshead on Tyne
W W PATTINSON (L.S.)