IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF AND MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR COMBING FIBROUS MATERIALS
Year: 1876

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Ernest de Pass, of Floot Chambers, GS, Fleet Street, in
the City of London, Patent Agent, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE METHOD OF AND MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR COMBING FIBROUS
MATERIALS." A communication from abroad by Joseph Imbs, of 17, Boulevart
Saint Martin, Paris, France.
Scaled the 28th July 1876, and dated the 1st June 1876.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Ernest de Pass at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 1st June 1876.
ERNEST DE PASS, of Fleet Chambers, 68, Fleet Street, in the City of London,
Patent Agent. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF AND MACHINERY OR APPA-
RATUS FOR COMBING FIBROUS MATERIALS." A communication from abroad by
Joseph Imbs, of 17, Boulevart Saint Martin, Paris, France.
This Invention relates to an improved method of combing fibrous materials and
in the machinery or apparatus employed therein. It is in certain respects similar
to that described in Letters Patent, No. 10, dated 1 January 1869, and granted to
Michael Henry as a communication from the above-named Joseph Limbs.
In this machinery or apparatus there is a bed plate, platform, or piece capable of
a to-and-fro movement by means of a cam working a rod attached thereto, this rod
has a roller or friction wheel which comes in contact with the cam. The plate is
drawn back by means of a spring attached thereto. Two grooved bars work on the
plate and nip at convenient moments, by means of a bar worked by an excentric,
the lap or flecce of textile material, and these two grooved bars are brought in
contact with the lap or fleece by a spiral spring or other equivalent contrivance.
The comb holder may contain two, three, four, or more rows of combs. It is
capable of an up-and-down movement, but it remains steady for a short interval at
the commencement and end of its travel. The combs are cleaned or brushed by a
rotary brush which receives the waste from the material under treatment and
leads it on to a doffer, which is worked by a pawl or driver. This doffer is cleaned
by means of an alternate comb detacher.
At each side of the machine there is a lever, which oscillates around a fixed
point, and to the top of which a flat bar is fixed. A rod secured to each
lever receives a moveable piece sliding up and down, and actuated by a cam
and spiral spring. It carries a second flat bar which is covered with leather,
[Price 6d.]

page_text: and it is combined with the first flat bar and acts as nippers. These levers
are capable of a ¡to-and-fro motion by means of a cam working rollers or
friction wheels attached to them. The combined action of this cam and spiral
spring attached to the levers impart a movement of oscillation to them which
is communicated to the nippers. These cams are mounted on each end of a shaft,
When the nipper
which receives motion froin steam engine or other prime mover.
fixed on the lever is pushed by the excentric a sliver of textile material is brought
in contact with a brush on an axis. At each end of this axis is a cam for raising
the sliding holder of the flat bar, which is covered with leather, and for keeping it
raised until the levers are brought into the forner position by the spring. This
brush has hairs for a portion only of its circumference. Beyond this brush is
a doffer in contact with the hairs of the brush. This doffer oscillates on its axis in
such manner that at each successive revolution of the machine it effects besides the
oscillations a successive partial revolution. By the combination of the cam and
spring the piece or bed plate effects a backward and forward motion at cach
revolution of the machine." When a sliver is nipped it passes between the teeth
or needles of the combs, and it is brought backward at the moment the grooved
bars press against the lap or fleece and the piece or bed plate goes backward and
combs a new head of sliver on the combs which are on its side. During this opera-
tion the nippers come in contact with the rotary brush, and then the upper part of the
nipper being raised by the cam, the brush draws the sliver laying on it and carries
it to the doffer; at this moment the opened nippers begin its return movement
towards the center of the machine. During this time the comb holder has
At the moment the
descended to permit the combs to be cleaned by the brushes.
nippers arrive at their former position the bed plate is arriving also, and the nippers
seize the head of the sliver and draw it and carry it backward to the brush. Onc
of the grooved bars then rises and the bed plate goes back. The successive combed
slivers are brought in contact with the doffer and are detached therefrom by a comb
detacher in a regular and continuous lap or fleece.
Sometimes this operation is effected differently, according to the nature of the
fibres to be treated, and for this purpose instead of using a doffer I use a brush
entirely surrounded with hairs. The cams are independent of the brush, and the
axis of the brush passes freely through the center of rotation of the cams which
receive independent motion and effect one revolution for each revolution of the
machine. This brush receives the same oscillating movement as the doffer had.
To remove the principal waste which remains on the combs at the side of the bed
plate 1 use a rotary brush and doffer, and an alternate comb detacher. To clean
the other side I sometimes use a rotary soft brush, which takes the waste contained
in the needles or teeth of the combs to the points, and it is then removed by the
brush at the same time as the principal waste.
Sometimes I employ short combs or other similar contrivances for producing a
suitable rubbing on the needles of the combs. These short combs are mounted on
a moveable piece, and are worked by a spring and cam on the main shaft. The
comb holder when descending rubs against the combs and the waste is then brought
to the points of the needles of the combs. A piece of metal placed between the
out rows of the combs follows their up-and-down movement. It is raised when
the comb holder arrives at the end of its travel and raises the filaments contained in
the combs.
The outer rows of combs are mounted on the comb holder and the inner rows on
an independent or central sliding piece or holder between the outer combs. This
central piece is raised as soon as the comb holder arrives at the end of its travel.
When very delicate or fine filaments have to be combed I combine the com
holder with a moveable comb mounted on bars free to slide up and down in a
groove in the comb holder; springs press against these bars. Up-and-down motion
is imparted to this moveable comb by means of an excentric mounted on the main
shaft. By this arrangement a double simultaneous combing of the filaments i
ellected.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Ernest do Pass in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 28th October
1876.
ERNEST DE PASS, of Fleet Chambers, 68, Fleet Strect, in the City of London,
Patent Agent. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF AND MACHINERY OR APPA-
RATUS FOR COMBING FIBROUS MATERIALS." A communication from abroad by
Joseph Imbs, of 17, Boulevart Saint Martin, Paris, France.
This Invention relates to an improved method of combing fibrous materials and
in the machinery or apparatus employed therein. It is in certain respects similar to
that described in Letters Patent, No. 10, dated 1 January 1869, and granted to
Michael Henry as a communication from the said Joseph Imbs.
In this machine or apparatus there is a bed plate, platform, or piece capable of a
to-and-fro movement by means of a cani working a rod attached thereto, this rod
has a roller or friction wheel which comes in contact with the cam. The plate is
drawn back by means of a spring attached thereto. Two grooved bars work on the
plate and nip at convenient moments, by means of a bar worked by an excentric,
the lap or fleece of textile material, and these two grooved bars are brought in con-
tact with the lap or fleece by a spiral spring or other equivalent contrivance.
The comb holder may contain two, three, four, or more rows of combs, and it is
capable of an up-and-down movement, but it stops or remains steady for a short
interval at the commencement and end of its travel. The combs are cleaned or
brushed by a rotary brush which receives the waste from the material under treat-
ment and leads it on to a doffer which is worked by a pawl or driver. The doffer
is cleaned by means of an alternate comb detacher.
At each side of the machine there is a lever, which oscillates around a fixed point,
and to the top of which a flat bar is fixed. A rod secured to each lever receives a
moveable piece sliding up and down and actuated by a cam and spiral spring. It
carries a second flat bar, which is covered with loather, and is combined with
the first flat bar and act as nippers. These levers are capable of a to-and-fro
motion by means of a cain working rollers or friction wheels attached to them.
The combined action of this cam and spiral spring attached to the levers impart a
movement of oscillation or vibration to them which is communicated to the nippers.
These cains are mounted on each end of a shaft, which receives motion from steam
engine or other prime mover. When the nipper fixed on the lever is pushed by
the excentric a sliver of textile material is brought in contact with a brush mounted
on an axis; and at each end of this axis is a cam for raising the sliding holler of the
flat bar, which is covered with leather, and for keeping it raised until the levers are
brought into the former position. This brush has hairs for a portion of its circum-
ference only. Beyond this brush is a doffer in contact with the hairs of the brush.
This doffer oscillates or vibrates on its axis in such manner that at each successive
revolution of the machine it effects besides the oscillations or vibrations a successive
partial revolution. By the combination of the cam and spring the piece or bed
plate effects a backward and forward motion at each revolution of the machine.
When a sliver is nipped it passes between the teeth or needles of the combs, and it
is brought backward at the moment the grooved bars press against the lap or fleece
and the piece or bed plate goes backward and combs a new lead of sliver on the
combs which are on its side. During this operation the nippers come in contact
with the rotary brush, and then the upper part of the nipper being raised by the
cam the brush draws the sliver laying on it and carries it to the doffer; at this
moment the opened nippers begin its return movement towards the center of the
machine. During this time the comb holder has descended to permit the combs to
be cleaned by the brushes. At the moment the nippers arrive at their former posi-
tion the bed plate is arriving also and the nippers seize the head of the sliver and
draw it and carry it backward to the brush. One of the grooved bars then rises
and the bed plate goes back. The successive combed slivers are brought in contact

page_text: with the doffer and are detached therefrom by a comb detacher in a regular and
continuous lap or fleece.
Sometimes this operation is effected differently according, to the nature of the
fibres to be treated, and for this purpose instead of using a doffer I use a brush
entirely surrounded with hairs. The cams are independent of the brush, and the
axis of the brush passes freely through the center of rotation of the cams which
receive independent motion and effect one revolution for each revolution of the
machine. This brush receives the same oscillating or vibrating movement as the
doffor.
To remove the principal waste which remains on the combs at the side of the
bed plate I use a rotary brush and doffer, and an alternate comb detacher. To
clean the other side I sometimes use a rotary soft brush which takes the wast>
contained in the needles, wires, or teeth of the combs to the points, and it is then
removed by the brush at the same time as the principal waste.
Sometimes I employ short combs or other similar contrivances for producing a
suitable rubbing or friction on the needles or wires of the combs. These short
combs are mounted on a moveable piece and are worked by a spring and cam on
the main shaft. The comb holder when desconding rubs against the short combs,
and the waste is then brought to the points of the needles of the comb. A piece of
metal placed between the outer rows of the combs follows their up and down move-
ment. It is raised when the comb holder arrives at the end of its travel, and thus
raises the filaments contained in the combs.
The outer rows of combs are mounted on the comb holder and the inner rows
on an independent or central sliding piece or holder between the outer combs.
The central piece is raised as soon as the comb holder arrives at the end of its
travel.
When very delicate or fine filaments have to be combed I combine the comb
holder with a moveable comb mounted on bars free to slide up and down in a
groove in the comb holder.
Springs press against these bars. Up-and-down
motion is imparted to the moveable comb by means of an excentric mounted on
the main shaft. By this arrangement a double simultaneous combing of the
filaments is effected.
I now proceed with reference to the accompanying Drawings to describe apparatus
constructed according to the Invention.
Description of Figure 1. P is a block or piece of cast iron or other material on
which the grooved bars G and I work, and nip at suitable moments the lap
or fleece of the textile material under treatment by the action of the rods T and
the excentrics N, as cited in Patent No. 10 herein-before referred to; is a
comb holder capable of rising and falling, and stopping above and below its course,
and carrying 2, 3, 4, or more combs; S is a rotary brush, and X is a doffer which
is actuated by a pawl, driver, or spring C. The brush S cleans the combs, and
the doffer X receives the waste from it which in its turn is freed by a comb
detacher Y¹
A is a large lever oscillating or vibrating around a fixed point a. A second
similar lever is on the other side of the machine. Each of these two levers carries
a rod T', securely fixed thereto, and to these two levers is also fixed a flat bar R.
The levers A carry friction wheels or rollers B, which are actuated by cams or
excentrics B, and produce with the combined action of spiral springs Z a move-
ment of oscillation or vibration of the levers A, with stoppages at the two extremities
of oscillation. The flat bar R effects the same oscillation.
R is a second flat bar, it is faced or covered with leather, and it is fixed on the
blocks or pieces D which pass freely on the rods T'. Spiral springs passing freely
around the rods T¹ impart pressure to the blocks or pieces D, and upper flat bar
R¹, which rest against the lower flat bar R, so that these bars R, R¹, constitute a
nipper or pincer of which the upper one R' can be raised, and this nipper partici
pates in all the movements of oscillation or vibration of the levers A. The shaft

page_text: O is the principal axis of the machine, and it makes one revolution for the whole
series of operations, constituting one revolution of the machine.
b is a brush having a continuous movement on its axis, and making one revolu-
tion for each revolution of the shaft O'. At each end it carries a cam or excentric B¹
fixed on its axis. When the nippers R, R¹, carried on the levers A and pushed by the
excentric B move backward in their closed position, and arrive at the place shewn in
dotted lines the pieces or blocks D come above the cams B', and being raised by
them raise the upper flat bar R¹. Then the system or arrangement of the parts
A, D, R, R', taking the return movement towards the first position the piecos M
fixed to the pieces D slide on the top of the cams B', and hold the upper bar R¹ raised
during the whole of this period. When the system or arrangement of the parts above-
nained has come back to the first position, and during the time it stops there, the cams
B' continue their rotation with the brush b, and allow the pieces M and D and the
upper bar R to descend, and this bar R¹ then places itself on the lower flat bar R.
Beyond the brush b is the doffer d, in contact with which pass the points of the
hairs of the brush. This doffer vibrates on its axis with an excess of vibratory
movement in the direction shown by the arrows, so that at each successive revolution
of the machine it effects besides the vibration a successive rotation on itself. Thus
m, m, and m³, m³, are in extent and in direction an oscillation or vibration of a
radius of the doffer d during one revolution of the machine. m, m, and m³, m³,
are the oscillations or vibrations of the same radius in the following revolution.
m², m³, and m³, m³, are the oscillations or vibrations of this same radius during the
third revolution, &c.
Further, the block or piece P forming a nipping appliance with its grooved bars
G, H, which are capable of rising and falling on it, is actuated by the excentrics N',
the axis O' of which makes one revolution for each revolution of the machine or
for the axis O" Draw springs Z¹ also act on the piece P. By the combined action
of these springs Z' and the excentrics or cams N' pushing the rods T" fixed to the
piece P this last piece and the whole system or arrangement P, G, H, effect in each
revolution the backward and forward movement decompounding itself as follows:-
1st. A sufficient stoppage, the face of G being at g. 2nd. A backward movement,
this face coming to g. 3rd. An advance movement, this face coming back to g³.
4th. A short stoppage in this position g. 5th. A backward movement from g³ to g'.
From this it is easy to understand the working of the machine. Commencing in
the position illustrated the outer end or point of the lap of filaments is engaged or
taken and nipped under the upper bar R, the combs p rising to pass through this lap
At this moment the inner grooved bar G fixed to the piece A secured on T is half
raised and does not lie or press on the flecce or lap. The grooved bar H is hung
to G by the pieces 6, and presses slightly on the lap for holding it during the
seizing operation which then takes place. At this moment the nippers R, R¹, closed
move backward, seizing the sliver through the combs and carry it towards the
brush b, but no sooner is this seizing operation effected than the grooved bar G
closes entirely, and at the same time the nipping pieces P, G, H, move back towards
gcombing a new head of sliver on the combs p, and particularly on those combs
which are on its side. The nippers R, R¹, come in contact with the brush b holding
always the seized sliver, and the end or point of this sliver always passing beyond
more or less the edges of the nippers R, R', on the side of the brush b, such brush
by its rotation draws this sliver in rubbing against the upper flat bar R¹, which
at this same time is raised by the cambs B. The whole sliver is drawn off and
then lays itself on the brush bin passing through the opening between the flat
bars or nippers R, R', which at the same time commence their return movement
towards the middle of the machine. During this time also the comb holders
have descended for the purpose of having the combs cleaned by the brushes S, S¹
The nippers R, R', then return opened, and at the same time the other nippers P, G, H,
always shut come back towards the center (that is to say, towards the line of combs)
holding always the head of the sliver which it has previously combed in going
back. The nippers P, G, H, then arrive at at the same time that the nippers K, R³,

page_text: come back and arrive open in their extreme position. The head of the sliver has
thus entered between these two flat bars or nippers R and R¹, and the parts P, G, H,
and A, R, remaining stationary the first bar R¹ is lowered on R by means of the
cains B¹ leaving the pieces M, and the head of the sliver is then taken and nipped
under the upper flat bar R. At this moment the grooved bar G is raised by the
excentrics N, and raises also the other grooved bar H, and then these bars G and H
not holding the lap or fleece any more this system or arrangement of the pieces or
nippers P, G, H, receive its backward movemement from g³ to g¹, the lap or fleece
remaining stationary, and the grooved bar G comes to replace itself half closed on
the lap or fleece at a point of the lap or fleece at the back of the point of the
preceding revolution, and further back precisely in the same distance as between y
and g. The revolution is then finished and ready to commence again in similar
manner.
The combed sliver lays itself on the brush b, which takes it away in its rotation,
and at the moment this sliver passes by the point of contact between the circles b
and d, the doffer d is commencing to effect a falling or downward oscillation or
vibration m, m, or m¹¹, m¹¹, or mm. The sliver lays itself in the teeth of the
doffer, which rises again immediately after in retaining it. As the oscillations or
vibrations of the doffer are repeated in different successive points and suitably
divided, the successive slivers are laid and united the one on the other with the
same space between them, and they are detached or separated from the doffer by
an alternate comb detacher Y in a regular and continuous lap or fleece.
(Figure 2). I can also effect this last operation concerning the consolidating of
the slivers in another manner according the nature of the fibres to be combed
Instead of effecting this operation on a duffer I effect it on the brush itself, which is
then necessarily entirely surrounded with hair. In this case the canis B' are
independent of the brush b, and turning in supports receive each their continuous
movement of rotation and make one revolution for each revolution of the shaft O¹
The axle of the brush passes freely through the center of rotation of these cams, and
it is lengthened to receive driving gear and independent motion. The cams effect
then always in this case, as in the other, the opening of the nipper R'. I impart
precisely the movement of oscillation or vibration to the brush itself (or of rotative
swinging movement displaced by equal and successive quantities at each revolution
of the machine) that I gave to the doffer in the first case, and I then dispense with
the doffer. The movements 1 and 2 represent in extent and direction the oscilla-
tion or vibration of the brush for one revolution of the machine. The movements 3
and 4 are the oscillations or vibrations in the next or following revolution.
Further, the movements 1, 3, &c., commence each time that the nippers R, R', conic
in contact with the brush b, and at the same time that the cams B raise the upper
fiat bar R¹. The combed silvers lay themselves then on the brush during these
movements 1, 3, &c. On the other hand, each time that the nippers R, R¹, leave the
brush to go to seize a sliver and during such time the brush effects the inverse
movements 2, 4, &c., greater than 1 and 2 of a certain quantity always the same.
By these means the slivers come successively to lay themselves on the brush and
over each other with a space cqual to the difference of the movements 1, 3 and 2, 4.
The continuous lap or fleece so formed on the brush is detached by an alternate conib
detacher Y, or by any other convenient means.
In the figures so far referred to the comb holder carries a variable number of
combs p. Strictly two are sufficient, one for combing the head, and the other for
seizing it, and it was with two that I operated before. But to ensure perfection of
work I now use more often 3 or 4.
To clean or clear these combs I employ different arrangements. For taking off the
principal waste which remains on the combs placed at the side of the pieces P, G, H,
now always employ a rotary brush S with a doffer X and an alternate comb
detacher Y. To clean the combs placed on the other side of the comb's holder I some-
times employ a rotary soft brush S₁, which brings the waste contained in the wires
or teeth of the combs to their points from whence it passes away easily with the

page_text: waste from the other combs carried away by the brush S. Sometimes the arrange-
ment shown in Figures 3 and 3x is employed, and is composed of the pieces L, L',
|L,,,, . It has the same object, that is to say, to raise and to bring back to the
points of the combs or wires the waste which may accumulate at their bottoms. Lare
two pieces capable of vibrating around fixed points , and drawn by springs a¹ so as
to rest 'on the regulating screws 1, when the excentrics L' fixed on the shaft
O' and acting on the rollers 7 cease to maintain these pieces L separated from the
comb's holder . These pieces L carry a bar L" provided with short combs or
other contrivances capable of producing a suitable friction or rubbing on the teeth
or wires of the combs p" at the moment that it passes as it descends. This bar L"
is on the contrary separated by the excentrics L at the moment the comb holder
rises and stops at the upper end of its course or travel.
I employ again in certain cases, according to the nature of the fibres, two other
arrangements to facilitate the clearing of the waste beyond the teeth or wires of
the combs.
The first arrangement, shewn in Figure 5, consists in placing in the middle of
the rows of the combs a thin piece K, which follows the comb's holder in its
movements, but which is raised a certain degree sliewn in dotted lines when the
comb's holder arrives at the lower end of its course, and which raises the
filaments contained in the teeth or wires, and thus helps the action of the brushes
or other cleaning contrivances.
The second arrangement, seen in Figure 4, consists in fixing the two rows of
outer combs p and p to the comb's holder . The two inner rows p¹ and p
are on the contrary fixed to an independent piece K¹ loose between the combs p
and p and resting against the piece T. When the comb's holder arrives at the
lower end of its course this piece K' is mised a certain degrec, as seen in the
Drawing. The two inner rows of combs just pass above the two other, and all the
four combs can be so attained and brushed by the brushes S, S¹. When the comb's
holder comes to be raised again the piece K' takes up its lowered position at
bottom and is supported on π.
When materials or filaments of great fineness are to be treated I again form the
comb's holder in a special manner, as seen in Figure 3; is the comb's holder, to
which are fixed the rows of combs p, p, and which may be double or single.
Behind the row 21 is placed a row pl fixed on the plates i, which are capable of
sliding in the grooves contrived in the comb's holder . Springspress against
these plates i and hold them lowered, and they are held or supported by studs j at
the bottom of a slot. The comb 2 is thus held in the position shewn in the
Drawings. When the comb's holder is at the upper end of its course, and at the
moment when the nippers P, G, H, commence to withdraw from the comb p¹ in
combing the head of the sliver, then the cams I fixed on the shaft O¹ raise the
plates and the comb p¹¹. The teeth of the comb p¹ pass through the sliver
of filaments at a point which had just received the action of the comb p¹, and
thus effects a second combing of the head of the sliver. When this head is com-
pletely drawn out by the nippers P, G, H, the cams I are passed, and the plates i
with the comb plll are again lowered (in the position shewn), by the action of the
springs, and it is in this position that the whole of the combing apparatus 7,
P, PP, descends to be cleaned and rises after.
I further effect the operation, which consists in performing a second combing in
the head of the sliver, in the following manner :-
Description of Figure 6.—P, G, H, and are the parts herein-before described
in the preceding Figures; M is a row of combs which is placed above the textile
lap and opposite to those of the comb's holder . This comb M. carries two barrels
or sockets near its end and is held by two levers T having a fixed point of vibration
The other ends of the levers T carry rollers y resting on cams X making one
5 revolution, n and n¹ are two binding rings. Spiral springs h act by compression
against the combs M.
at x.

page_text: When the parts P, G, H, come forward beyond the position shown to engage the
ends of filaments in the seizing nippers, and for feeding the grooved bar G carries
forward the comb M, m, which slides along the levers T, but when the parts P, G, H,
come backward from the position shown to comb the head of the sliver on the combs
of the comb's holder , then M, m, go back by the action of spiral springs h only
until m rests against n. At this moment the cams X lower the levers T and the
comb M. then enters the sliver during its (the sliver's) recoil and thus effects the
second combing of the sliver and it is raised directly after by the action of the cams
X continuing their revolution.
In this arrangement the sliver is penetrated by the combs successivoly below and
above.
Having now described the nature of the said Invention and in what manner
the same may be performed, I declare that I claim―
First. The new or improved manner of and instruments or organs for taking and
seizing the head of the sliver, such instruments or organs being constituted by
nippers opening and closing alternately at the same time as they depart and return
from the line of combs in a direction almost perpendicular thereto and formed of two
flat bars of sufficient lightness to allow the nipped filaments to pass beyond their
outer edges and to be delivered on to any appliance placed beyond their course or
travel.
Second. The combination of the nippers R, R¹, with the nippers P, G, H, for the
purposes as herein-before described.
Third. The improved manner of receiving and consolidating the combed slivers
by the employment of nippers R, R¹ combined with a brush 6, such brush taking
the combed slivers from these nippers and carrying them on to a vibrating or oscil-
lating doffer d (at successive points of such doffer) as described.
Fourth. The improved manner of receiving and consolidating the combed slivers
on a brush rendered vibratory or oscillatory and combined with the nippers R, R',
such brush taking the combed slivers from the nippers and laying them on itself at
successive points of its circumference.
Fifth. Increasing the number of rows of combs from two to three, four, or more
for the combing and seizing operations.
Sixth. The application to this machine or apparatus, as the principal appliances
or organs for cleaning the combs, of of the brush S with the doffer X and the alter-
nate comb detacher Ý¹
Seventh. The employment of a second cleaning brush St, or the parts L, L', L",
1, 1, 111, x, for cleaning the other face of the comb's holder, as described and shown
in Figures 3 and 3*.
Eighth. The employment of the arrangements, shewn in Figures 4 or 5, for helping
perfect cleaning of the comb's holder.
°
Ninth. The use or employment of the moveable comb 2, shown in Figure 3, for
effecting a second simultaneous combing of the head of the sliver, such moveable
comb penetrating the head of the sliver during the recoil or backward movement of
such sliver.
In witness whereof, I, the said Ernest de Pass, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this First day of September in the year One thousand eight
hundred and covanty vix
Witness,
M. L. HENRY,
3, Clifford's Inn,
Fleet Street.
ERNEST DE PASS. (L.S.)