matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
Iм- PROVEMENTS IN THE MODE OF SUPPORTING AND SECURING CATTLE WHILST BEING CONVEYED ON BOARD SHIPS AND OTHER VESSELS
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Francis Fitzgerald at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 22nd
February 1870.
.
I, FRANCIS FITZGERALD, of Skerries, in the County of Dublin, Dealer
in Cattle, do hereby declare the nature of my said Invention for "Iм-
PROVEMENTS IN THE MODE OF SUPPORTING AND SECURING CATTLE WHILST BEING
CONVEYED ON BOARD SHIPS AND OTHER VESSELS," to be as follows:-
Cattle are at present usually carried from Spain and other foreign.
countries on and between the decks of ships, and are merely tied by their
heads to the bulwarks or sides of the ship or vessel. The result of this
practice, particularly in the foreign trade, is the loss of a very large
portion of the cattle from the manner they are knocked about in bad
weather; they are not unfrequently killed or rendered useless from
injuries.
Now the object of this Invention is to support and secure the cattle;
so that while they are perfectly at ease they acquire the motion of the
vessel and are free from liability to the various accidents to which
without these arrangements they are subject..

page_text: According to this Invention it is proposed to support the cattle by
slings or broad belly bands slung by ropes or chains from a beam passing.
just above the backs of the animals, the ends of such beam being
supported on cross beams resting upon tressles, the upper parts of which
grip the cross beams, suitable tightening or adjusting screws being
applied to the legs of the tressles for bringing their limbs nearer together
at the top, and thus affording the requisite grip at their upper ends for
holding securely the cross beams. The tressles are secured by chains,
ropes, or otherwise either to the_deck-or-to-the-bulwarks. A yoke is
placed over the necks of two or more animals standing together provided
with ropes or chains which pass under their necks, forming a sort of
rope or chain collar, and from this yoke ropes or chains pass between
the animals to a bar extending longitudinally behind them, and attached
to the before-mentioned tressles to keep the yoke and rope or chain
collar in position, and so prevent the cattle from falling forwards. The
bar extending longitudinally behind the cattle prevents them from
falling backwards. In bad weather a small breastplate of rope or chain
may be used to attach the rope or chain passing under the necks of the
cattle to the belly bands or slings for greater security.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SUGAR CANE MILLS
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Louis Carl Wilhelm Schütte
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 5th January 1870.
I, LOUIS CARL WILHELM SCHÜTTE, of Dalston, in the County of
Middlesex, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN SUGAR CANE MILLS," to be as follows:-
The object of my Invention is to simplify the erection and reduce
the cost of manufacture of sugar cane mills worked by steam or other
engines, and at the same time to economise the space which they
оссиру.
The improvements mainly relate to certain novel arrangements of
gearing for working the rolls of the mills, and consist, first, in carrying
the gearing shafts under, through, at the front, or at the back of the
sole plate of the mill; second, in placing the gearing on both sides of
the mill or at the side opposite the engine; third, in making the fly
wheel shaft distinct from the engine or driving shaft, and connecting it
to the driving pinions by a clutch joint; fourth, in making the discharge
for the mill either at the back or at the front under the trash plate or
feed plate instead of at one side, as heretofore.

page_text: I proceed to describe by way of example one mode in which my
Invention may be carried into effect. I place the engine at one side of
the mill and fix it to the sole plate of the same; the crank shaft or
driving shaft is at the front of the mill and extends to the other side,
where it carries the first motion pinion in gear with the first motion
wheel; the shaft of this wheel passes through the sole plate to the side
of the mill next the engine, where it carries the second motion pinion in
gear with the second motion wheel, this wheel being fixed on the shaft
of the top roll. The mill discharges the juice at the front or at the back,
as may be desired. The rolls, trunnions, and shafts are preferably cast 1
in one piece of malleable cast iron or steel.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SULPHURIC ACID
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Deacon at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 5th October
1870.
I, HENRY DEACON, of Appleton House, Widnes, in the County of
Lancashire, Alkali Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of my
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SULPHURIC ACID,"
to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to the production of sulphuric acid, and
consists in the employment of salts of copper, such for example, as the
sulphate or of metallic compounds possessing similar properties to those
hereafter described in conjunction with hydrochloric acid and sulphurous
acid gases together with oxygen or air, and either with or without
the presence of aqueous vapour, so that sulphuric acid and chlorine may
be produced.
copper in any con-
In carrying out my Invention I place sulphate of
venient form either by impregnating bricks, tiles, burnt clay, or other
material with sulphate of copper in towers or chambers provided with
inlet and outlet pipes, and I cause the vapours or gases of hydrochloric

page_text: and sulphurous acids in conjunction with oxygen or air, and either with
or without the presence of aqueous vapour to pass through the same, by
which means a reaction is obtained, the result of which is the production
of sulphuric acid and chlorine.
By this improvement one equivalent of sulphurous acid can be con-
verted into an equivalent of sulphuric acid by the aid of less than one
equivalent of hydrochloric acid in the original mixture of gases.
IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM ENGINES
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Lawrence Wildy at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition; on
the 20th January 1870.
I, WILLIAM LAWRENCE WILDY, of Regent's Park Road, in the County
of Middlesex, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM ENGINES," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to improvements in non-condensing steam.
engines, by means of which greater pressure is exerted on the piston
with the same consumption of fuel, and the power obtained from the:
engine is thus increased to an extent hitherto attainable only by the aid
of condensation, for which my improvements are a substitute. It is well.
known that the steam on its exit from the cylinder at the end of each.
stroke produces a partial vacuum in the exhaust pipe as well as in the
cylinder itself, and my improvements have for their object to utilize this.
vacuum for increasing the power of the engine. For this purpose instead.
of allowing the atmospheric air to enter and destroy the vacuum after.
the steam has escaped at each stroke, I place a valve of suitable con--
struction in the exhaust pipe leading from each cylinder to prevent the
ingress of air and so preserve or retain the vacuum in the cylinder until..
1.

page_text: steam is again admitted at that side of the piston. In this manner the
increased pressure due to the vacuum is exerted on the piston during the
whole of each stroke. The valve which is opened by the passage of the
exhaust steam is closed automatically by its own gravity immediately
the exhaust steam has escaped. The valve may be placed at any con-
venient position in the exhaust pipe, which is enlarged at that part to
permit of the free escape of the exhaust steam, but in locomotive
engines I prefer to place the valve as near as possible to their respective
cylinders.
IMPROVEMENTS IN REVERSIBLE BUTT HINGES
Year: 1870

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Kobert Lake, of the "International
Patent Office," Southampton Buildings, London, Consulting En-
gineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN REVERSIBLE BUTT
HINGES." A communication from abroad by George Albert Lloyd
and Joseph Wesley Stow, both of San Francisco, California, United
States of America.
Scaled the 21st June 1870, and dated the 20th April 1870.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION filed by the said William Robert Lake at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition and
Declaration, on the 20th April 1870, pursuant to the 9th Section of
the Patent Law Amendment Act, 1852..
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
ROBERT LAKE, of the "International Patent Office," Southampton
Buildings, London, Consulting Engineer, send greeting.
WHEREAS I am in possession of an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
REVERSIBLE BUTT HINGES," and have petitioned Her Majesty to grant unto
me, my executors, administrators, and assigns, Her Royal Letters Patent
for the same, and have made solemn Declaration that it has been com-
municated to me from abroad by George Albert Lloyd and Josephi

page_text: is one of the distinguishing features of the said Invention, and without
removing it the leaf B cannot be reversed upon the pintle in order to
change the butt from a right to a left hand hinge.
In applying my said Invention to the door the leaf A is first secured
to the jamb on the side of the doorway, and then the leaf B is applied to
the door either side upward as required according to the way that the
door is to swing; then after hanging the door on the pintles the upper
end of the pintles are covered and concealed by the cap C.
Having thus fully described the said Invention as communicated to
me by my foreign correspondents, I wish it understood that I claim,-
First. The two-leaved butt constructed substantially as herein shown
and described, with the leaf B reversible to form a right or left hand
butt, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.
Second. Constructing the top cylinder through which the pintle passes
removable in a two-leaved butt, and forming the cap C substantially as
described.
Third. Hinging the leaf B upon a stationary axis or pintle D by the
socket or cylinder F between a removable cylinder Cand fixed cylinder E
substantially as described.
Fourth, The radial attachment of the leaf A to the cylindrical part E
substantially as set forth.
Fifth. The attachment of the leaf B with one face tangential to the
socket F, as set forth.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Robert Lake, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Twentieth day of April, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy.
WILLIAM ROBERT LAKE. (L.S.)
Witness,
DAVID SEYMOUR BATCHELOR,
Clerk to Messrs. Haseltine, Lake, & Co.,
Southampton Buildings,
London,
IMPROVEMENTS IN INDICATORS FOR STEAM BOILERS
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Wakefield and Joseph
Kendall at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 28th February 1870.
We, JOHN WAKEFIELD, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick,
Machinist, and JOSEPH KENDALL, of the same Place, Engineer, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN INDICATORS
FOR STEAM BOILERS:
"
This Invention refers to improvements in the method employed for
indicating by means of a whistle when the water is at a high or a low
level in the boiler.
Our improvements consist in dispensing with the ordinary rod or wire
to which the float is connected by the employment of a tube passing or
sliding through a stuffing box and suitable jacket or outer tube, and
having perforations or holes bored through it at a requisite distance in
its length, the whistle being either secured at the top end of such tube
or upon the boiler in such manner that the tube may work through it.
By this arrangement when the water becomes low in the boiler the
consequent descent of the float will take with it the tube to the bottom
of which the float is attached until the water has reached the low level

page_text: and the tube descended to a sufficient distance to allow the steam to
enter the perforations in the tube, and the steam ascending the tube
will sound the whistle. In filling the boiler the float will take the tube
up and also the perforated portion of such tube into its casing or jacket,
and when the water has reached the high level or full point the steam
will be permitted to escape into the tube through the perforations of the
same to sound the whistle by means of a slot cut in the casing tube so
as to present the openings for the passage of the steam at a certain poiut
in the ascent of the tube.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CARPETS AND IN THE MACHINERY TO BE EMPLOYED THEREIN
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Martin Brown at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 12th
August 1870,
I, MARTIN BROWN, of Kendal, in the County of Westmoreland, Carpet
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CARPETS AND IN THE MACHINERY TO BE
EMPLOYED THEREIN," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to certain improvements in the manufacture of
carpets, and in the machinery to be employed therein, and consists in
the fabrication of a double-sided carpet cloth with double warp threads
and shoots of coloured wool.
The loom consists of standards and framing supporting a jacquard
apparatus, in which only half the ordinary quantity of harness is used,
but differently tied up, and going through one plane only instead of the
four planes, thus leaving merely two planes to lift one warp. The warps
are made of cotton or wool, linen, or jute as desired, one is a thick warp
which does not lift so as to work the figure which does not shew on the
face of the fabric. The other warp works through two gears which bind
the two cloths together. The shuttles are not driven across the race by

page_text: picks but are thrown by hand. The beam for the thick warp is set in
bearings at the back of the loom but within the standards, the beam for
the thin warp is set beyond or behind the standards in bracketed
bearings, and then the combined warps are carried through the harness
to the front of the loom passing through the reed or comb in the batten
or slay for beating up the work. Both beams are weighted and con-
trolled by pall and ratchet motions to allow the warp to come off as the
cloth takes it up, and the take off roller being in front of the beam
the fabric passes to the cloth beam which is set in bearings beneath
the beam of the thick warp. The small warp passes through two planes
of harness, one of which serves to bind the cloth together. Suitable
treddles are arranged for operating the harness by the jacquard, and a
lever is applied to a pall motion for gradually winding the cloth beam as
the work is made.
By these improvements a soft flexible double-sided fabric can be
produced, consisting entirely of wool, or of wool and cotton, jute, and
linen, and having no stiff ground or basis of jute or flax, the surface
being smooth and flat instead of presenting the ordinary terry or looped
surface so that the fabric resembles a carpet cloth. Any number of
threads may be used in the warp beams and shuttles, and any diversity
of pattern made consistent with the employment of a jacquard as
compared with the fabric produced by a printed warp, but the cloth
produced by these improvements may be of one colour, and printed
subsequently by blocks in any pattern and colors.
IMPROVED STEAM BOILERS & FURNACES UTILIZING THE LOST HEAT OF LIME, CEMENT, BRICK, OR OTHER CIRCULAR OR OTHER KILNS
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Pierre Joseph Robine at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
7th March 1870.
I, PIERRE JOSEPH ROBINE, of Paris, France, Gentleman, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVED STEAM BOILERS &
FURNACES UTILIZING THE LOST HEAT OF LIME, CEMENT, BRICK, OR OTHER CIRCULAR
OR OTHER KILNS," to be as follows :—
The Invention relates to an improved arrangement of steam boilers
and furnaces to be affixed to lime, cement, or other analogous kilns for
the
purpose of utilizing part of the lost heat of these latter.
In the annexed Drawing Fig. 1 represents a vertical, and Fig. 2 a
horizontal sectional view (the latter over the line ×, ×³, of Fig. 1) of a
circular lime or cement kiln provided with a steam boiler and furnace
arranged according to my Invention. In these Figs. A represents the
masonry of the kiln, which latter is partly closed at the top by an arch
or vault A¹, and is provided with a stack or chimney S; in and across
the arch A' and the lower part of the chimney S is laid a steam
boiler B provided with an annular boiler tube 6, which latter extends

page_text: round part of the upper end of the kiln A, and which boiler B and
tube b are situated in an oven or furnace C, the masonry of which forms
part of the kiln, so as to cause the said boiler B and tube 6 to be heated
by part of the lost heat of the kiln. If wished the furnace O may be
provided with a fire-place D and flues d to heat the boiler B and tube b
by means of them in case the fire of the kiln should become extinguished
or prove insufficient.
The Invention though applicable by preference to circular kilns may
be applied also to those of a square, oval, or other suitable shape. G
shows the grate, and H the ash-pit or opening for drawing out the 1
burnt lime, cement, or other materials; M are feed holes for introducing
the limestone, or other raw materials and the fuel into the kiln, and N
are man-holes for cleaning the boiler tube b.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PRUSSIATE OF POTASH AND PRUSSIAN BLUE
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Peter Spence at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 6th December
1870.
I, PETER SPENCE, of Newton Heath, Manchester, in the County of
Lancaster, Manufacturing Chemist, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PRUSSIATE OF
POTASH AND PRUSSIAN BLUE," to be as follows: —
My Invention relates to the utilization of the spent oxide of iron
which has been used in the purification of gas by employing it in the
production of prussiate of potash and Prussian blue. To effect this I
obtain in the first place what I call crude Prussian blue, and in the follow-
ing manner:-I take the aforesaid spent oxide and stir it up in water
with the addition of seven to eight per cent. of slacked lime in powder.
I find that this quantity of lime is a material point in ensuring success,
and that no heat should be applied to the solution. The clear solution
being run off chloride of iron is added and a precipitate is obtained which
is the substance I call crude Prussian blue. I wash this well with water

page_text: to extract soluble matters, and if prussiate of potash be required I treat it
with caustic or carbonate of potash, and if Prussian blue be the desired
substance I add cream of lime and treat the clear solution with chloride
of iron, by which means I precipitate pure Prussian blue.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPLYING ELECTRICITY OR ELECTRO-MAGNETISM ON BOARD SHIPS, IN ORDER TO PREVENT INCRUSTATION OR FOULING OF THEIR BOTTOMS, AND THE DEVIATION OF THEIR COMPASSES, AND TO PRODUCE ELECTRIC LIGHT
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Weightman Harrison
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 11th May 1870.
I, CHARLES WEIGHTMAN HARRISON, of Westminster Chambers, in
the City of Westminster, Consulting Engineer, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPLYING ELECTRICITY
OR ELECTRO-MAGNETISM ON BOARD SHIPS, IN ORDER TO PREVENT INCRUSTATION OR
FOULING OF THEIR BOTTOMS, AND THE DEVIATION OF THEIR COMPASSES, AND TO
PRODUCE ELECTRIC LIGHT," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in preventing incrustation or fouling of the
bottoms of ships, in counteracting or preventing the deviation of their
compasses, and in producing electric light on board by means of improved
modes of applying electricity or electro-magnetism for those purposes.
I employ a galvanic battery or other suitable generator of electricity
or electro-magnetism placed in any convenient situation in the ship,
and I connect the conductors from the generator with the sheathing
or metal hull of the ship, one to the bow and the other to the stern. By

page_text: proper contrivances, the mechanism whereof is well known, I send in
rapid succession alternate currents or charges of positive and negative
electricity from one end of the ship to the other, through the metal
sheathing or hull, all the plates of which are in metallic contact one
with another, and thus form part of the circuit of the current or charge. 5
This mode of operating by a continuous projection and recession of
neutralising electric charges through metal plates immersed in water,
I have found to preserve them free from the adherence of foreign matters
both organic and inorganic.
An important advantage arising from the application in the manner 1
herein-before described, of neutralising charges of electricity to the iron
of ships or parts of ships, is that of preventing the accumulation of
permanent magnetism, and thus for the most part to leave the needle
of the compass free from deviation thereby.
The electric currents or charges generated and transmitted as before 1
described may be further employed in the production of light by means
of any suitable electric light apparatus.
AN IMPROVED INVALID BEDSTEAD
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Glover at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 30th
December 1870.
I, GEORGE GLOVER, of 17, Manning Street, Marylebone, in the
County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "AN IMPROVED INVALID BEDSTEAD," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention being to relieve the patient of being
handled in any way when requiring relief or otherwise, the advantages
being equal both to the nurse as well as to the patient.
The size of the bedstead under ordinary circumstances will be about
6 feet long, 3 feet wide, and 3 feet deep, there will be an inner frame
which will be worked on an axle about the centre by means of a roller
and windlass and cog wheel and rope, so that by fixing a board under
the knees of the patient previous to being raised, which is supported
at further side of the bed by a stationary bolt, and a loose one on the
board at the other end which is shot into the frame on the other side,
the whole of the inner frame carrying bed and patient is brought up
perpendicular, and the patient consequently into a sitting position, and

page_text: a hole being made in the board and a pan simply hung under forms a
substitution for the bed pan, and all lifting is dispensed with. Should
a bath be required the same means can be applied for lowering down
and taking out the patient without handling by the introduction of 2
rollers in the head of the bedstead. Another advantage to a person
with broken back is by the same appliances having a joint in the
swinging frame about the centre will lower down the lower or foot end
of the same so that a patient need not be moved at all.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SASH FASTENERS
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by David Monroe Childs at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
6th April 1870.-A communication from abroad by Edward Blythe,
of Rochester, New York, United States of America.
I, DAVID MONROE CHILDS, of 16, Mark Lanc, London, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for ** IMPROVEMENTS IN SASH
FASTENERS," as communicated to me from abroad from Edward Blythe,
of Rochester, New York, United States of America, to be as follows:-
This Invention consists, first, of a rack which extends from the lower
end of the window jamb to the whole or part of its entire length & is
fixed thereto its teeth outward; secondly, I fix by insertion or otherwise
in the sash a socket in which is contained two levers by preference
having the same fulcrum, one lever being below the fulcrum the other
above. The fulcrum takes its bearings in said socket. That part of the
socket which is outside the sash is perforated with holes to admit the
points of the levers coming through in order to catch the teeth of the
rack; the long arms of the levers project outside the socket & through
the sash in such a manner that they can be acted upon & pressed by
the fingers. Attached to the long arms of the levers is a spring which
acts on both levers & forces the points of said levers into the teeth of

page_text: the rack, and by that means fastens or locks the sash in its position.
Thus when a sash is required to be raised any given distance the
operator presses the two levers with his fingers, the long arms of the
levers come together, and the points are withdrawn from catching
the rack & into the socket; the sash is then free & can be raised as t
required, the levers are released, & the spring acting on the levers
forces their points into the teeth of rack, and the sash is securely locked
or fastened.
IMPROVEMENTS IN FILTERS OR OTHER APPARATUS FOR THE PURIFICATION OF WATER OR OTHER LIQUIDS UNDER A HIGH PRESSURE
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Jolin Edward Lipscombe at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
11th January 1870.
I, JOHN. EDWARD LIPSCOMBE, of 8, Alexander Street, Salford, in the
County of Lancaster, Filter Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN FILTERS OR OTHER APPARATUS
FOR THE PURIFICATION OF WATER OR OTHER LIQUIDS UNDER A HIGH PRESSURE,"
to be as follows:-
I claim for the manufacture and use of high-pressure filters of suitable
form and strength to resist great pressure, whether caused by the head
of water supplied, or by pumping engines, or by heat, and specially
adapted for attachment to pumping engines or the main pipes of a
water company, whatever the amount of pressure up to 200 lbs. on the.
square inch.
These filters, are constructed of cast or wrought iron
chambers of various forms and dimensions. They are chiefly elliptical
or spheroidal hemispheres, or else cylindrical chambers (the several parts
in each case being bolted together) and having an orifice at the
apex for
emission, and an orifice in the base or in the side near the base for
the reception of the liquid.

page_text: I claim for a new arrangement of pipes, taps, and valves exterior to
the filter and regulating the cleansing thereof, as well as the supply and
delivery of the liquid.
I claim also for the introduction of two plates to be made of wrought
or cast iron, brass, or other metal perforated with holes therein, either
round or of rectangular shape to bind and support a suitable filtering
material composed of animal or vegetable or other prepared carbons, or
other matters suitable for purifying purposes, the said plates being either
fixed or supported by pillars or feet between them and the top or base
of the filter, or by being bolted to each other or to the sides of the
said filter.
IMPROVEMENTS APPLICABLE TO LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Edward Newton at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
17th June 1870.-A communication from abroad by Louis Raoul
Bazin, of Paris, in the Empire of France.
I, HENRY EDWARD NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery
Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS APPLICABLE TO LOOMS FOR
WEAVING," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object to prevent the shuttles of looms from
jumping or being accidentally thrown off the shuttle race during their
passage across the shed. To this end I adapt to the head or top bar of
the batten a guide rod, which extends along the front of the reed and
above the warp, so that the shuttle cannot deviate from a straight line
extending from shuttle box to shuttle box. As it will be necessary to
have free access to the reed occasionally, such as when a warp thread
breaks, this guide rod is not made a fixture in its guiding position in
front of the reed, but is adapted to the batten in such a manner that it

page_text: may easily be moved out of the way when required. This is effected by
attaching the rod to the head or top bar of the batten by means of a
hinge joint, so that it may be turned out of the way when required, but
is held in place as a shuttle guide by means of a spring.
AN IMPROVED RESPIRATOR TO BE USED IN CONFINED POSITIONS. RENDERED UNHEALTHY FROM THE PRESENCE OF NOXIOUS GASES OR EFFLUVIA
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Arnold Hirst Watkins at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
22nd November 1870.
I, ARNOLD HIRST WATKINS, of Nailsworth, in the County of
Gloucester, Brewer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "AN IMPROVED RESPIRATOR TO BE USED IN CONFINED POSITIONS. RENDERED
UNHEALTHY FROM THE PRESENCE OF NOXIOUS GASES OR EFFLUVIA," to be as
follows:-
My Invention has for its object the facilitating of operations con-
ducted in unhealthy positions (as stated in the title) by continually
supplying fresh or puro air immediately to the mouth or nostrils or
both of the workmen or others employed in such positions, and consists
in applying and fixing to or in front of the mouth or nostrils of each of
the said workmen or others by any suitable means a bag, mask, or
covering made of india-rubber, leather, or other suitable material and
provided with a valve or valves so constructed and arranged as to open
inwards or towards the mouth or nostrils by inspiration and to close by
expiration; and also with a valve or valves so constructed and arranged
as to open outwards from the mouth or nostrils by expiration and to

page_text: close by inspiration. The first-mentioned valve or valves being for the
inlet or inspiration of air are placed directly in communication with one
end of a tube or other conductor of suitable shape and material, the
other end of which terminates in the fresh or pure air surrounding or
without the confined position in which the operations are being carried
on. The air for inspiration is thus drawn entirely from the pure
atmosphere, and no apparatus or chemicals of any description are
required for its filtration or purification. The second mentioned valve
or valves being for the purpose of expiration only require no pipe or
other conductor, the expired air or breath passing into the impure or
noxious atmosphere in the said confined position. The said bag, mask,
or covering may be constructed to cover and protect the eyes for
situations where the nature of the impurity in the contained atmosphere
renders it necessary by carrying the material of which the said bag,
mask, or covering is composed to a sufficient height and of suitable
conformation, and fixing therein glasses in the required position.
By the aid of such an apparatus as above described gyles and other
like vessels at breweries and elsewhere may be entered while full of
carbonic acid or other gas for cleaning and other purposes, a considerable
saving of time thus often being effected and a large amount of danger
and inconvenience being averted and prevented from those whose
business it is to cleanse or otherwise labour in such vessels.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE NAVIGATION OF VESSELS BY MEANS OF REVOLVING SAILS ACTUATING SCREWS OR PADDLES
Year: 1870

page_text: -
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Barthélemy Picard at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 1st August
1870..
I, BARTHÉLEMY PICARD, of No. 6, Rue des Filles du Calvaire, Paris,
in the Empire of France, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE NAVIGATION OF VESSELS BY MEANS OF
REVOLVING SAILS ACTUATING SCREWS OR PADDLES," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to the propulsion of vessels by means of
revolving sails, which by aid of bevil wheels and pinions actuate the
screws or other propellers, the object being to dispense with the use
of steam, thereby effecting an economy in expense and space for cargo,
whilst increasing the speed of the vessel and facilitating its answering
the helm. Two screws are arranged in the usual position at the stern
of the vessel, each screw being moved by a sail of canvas or sheet iron
strengthened by metal bands arranged on the surface.
The transmission of motion is effected in the following manner
respectively for each screw. On the axes of the sails is fixed a bevil
wheel gearing with a pinion loose on its vertical axis, placed in an iron
column of cast iron. The pinion gears with a cog wheel, which in its

page_text: turn gears with a pinion keyed to the vertical shaft; at the lower end
of this shaft is fixed a bevil wheel actuating a pinion fixed on a
longitudinal shaft bearing the screws and causing their rotation. In
arranging the sails to meet the wind a fly wheel is employed, the axis
of which receives a pinion which produces the rectilinear displacement
(in one sense or the other) of a rack, which latter corresponds with
another pinion fixed to the lower end of the vertical shaft before
mentioned; the rotation of this shaft admits of the setting of the sail
in the desired direction. A ratchet and catch keep the sails in the
position determined: This movement is intended to alter the course
and does not impede the action of the wind on the sails or the trans-
mission thereof to the organs of propulsion. The number of sails
employed may vary, and are free to the action of the wind; the height
at which they are placed should be sufficient to admit of their revolution
without hindrance..
IMPROVEMENTS IN PRINTING TYPE
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Tomlinson Bousfield at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 24th September 1870.-A communication from abroad by John
William Wright, residing at Montreal, Province Quebec, Canada.
I, GEORGE TOMLINSON BOUSFIELD, of Loughborough Park, Brixton,
in the County of Surrey, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PRINTING TYPE," to be as follows:-
Heretofore for printing large letters such as are used for posters and
for similar purposes wooden blocks or type have been employed.
According to this Invention such printing type are constructed of cast
iron, the printing surface of the type is planed in a planing machine;
such planed surface will produce impressions quite equal to those taken
from wooden type and will require less ink. The printing surface of
cach type is supported on a skeleton framework of flanges or ribs
projecting from its back, and the back of such ribs or projections upon
them are faced so as to be in a plane parallel with the printing surface.

page_text: In order to keep the type at the proper distance apart from one another
when they are set up into a line the skeleton framework is made of the
full width of the letter both at the top and bottom of each type..
Type made as above described will be but little heavier than wooden
type and will be much more durable.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BREECH- LOADING ORDNANCE
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Wightwick Rendel at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 17th December 1870.
I, GEORGE WIGHTWICK RENDEL, of Elswick, in the Borough and
County of Newcastle-upon-Tyne, Manufacturing Engineer, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN BREECH-
LOADING ORDNANCE," to be as follows:-
The improvements apply to that class of breech-loading guns in which
the breech is closed by a wedge or block moving in a transverse slot
through the body of the gun, and its object is to afford an efficient and
convenient method of sliding the wedge in and out when its weight is
such as to require the application of machinery. For this purpose a
rack and pinion are combined with the gun and the wedge or block, the
rack is formed in the solid material of the wedge or let into the same,
and the pinion is fixed upon a shaft attached to the side of the gun and
extending backwards until it clears the breech where a handle or lever
is attached to it for giving motion to the pinion. Where greater power
is required a toothed wheel is fixed on the pinion shaft, and the handle

page_text: or lever is applied to a second pinion in gear with the toothed wheel,
and by increasing the number of wheels and pinions the power may be
augmented to any required extent. To start the wedge in case of its
jamming a short screw is used to commence the motion, it is mounted on
the gun and presses against the wedge. A starting screw has before been!
used, but it has been mounted upon the wedge.
IMPROVEMENTS IN WATERPROOF GARMENTS
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel Cohen at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 4th March
1870.
I, SAMUEL COHEN, of Sekforde Street, in the County of Middlesex,
Waterproof Clothing Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN WATERPROOF GARMENTS," to be
as follows:-
The object of my Invention of "Improvements in Waterproof
Garments" is to produce a garment which will admit of thorough
ventilation, so as to allow the exhalations from the body to pass off and
not be condensed on the clothes, as is now the case. In order to effect
this object it has been proposed to cut away a portion of the waterproofed
fabric at the back of the garment, and to let in a piece of unwater-
proofed fabric, and then to attach to the neck a loose cape, which
would hang down over the unwaterproofed part and hide it from view,
and carry off rain. This, however, has not answered the purpose, as it
has been found that the capes are liable to be blown about by the wind
and render the garment unsightly, and at the same time will allow the
rain to pass through the unwaterproofed part and wet the wearer.

page_text: In carrying out my Invention I altogether dispense with the loose
cap, and I cut the back of the garment in two parts. The upper part
is cut long enough to extend down below and lap some few inches over
the top edge of the lower part. In order to keep the lower part in its
place it should be suspended from a piece of any suitable fabric con-
nected with the collar and the upper edge of the lower back piece, and
the upper back piece should be attached at intervals to the lower part,
leaving spaces for the escape of perspiration or exhalation from the
body. In order to give ventilation under the arms the sleeves of the
garment are cut in the same manner, that is, the lower part of the sleeve ]
is cut off, leaving only the upper part of the sleeve extending half way
down to the elbow, and attached in the usual way to the garment. The
lower part of the sleeve is made of waterproof fabric, and is attached to
the garment inside the upper part of the sleeve by means of a piece of
ordinary unwaterproofed fabric. The upper and lower parts of the 1
sleeve are secured together at intervals, leaving spaces for the escape of
perspiration.
I would observe that the Invention is applicable to ladies' jackets and
cloaks, as well as to men's waterproof garments. They may also be
made reversible or not, as may be desired, and they may be made either 2
of single or double texture.
I'm- PROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR SIGNALLING BETWEEN PASSENGERS, GUARDS, AND DRIVERS OF TRAINS
Year: 1870

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James Anthony Gardner, of the Cumberland
L
Road, Bristol, in the County of Somerset, Governor of Her Majesty's
Gaol at Bristol, in the County of Bristol, for the Invention of "I'm-
PROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR SIGNALLING BETWEEN PASSENGERS, GUARDS,
AND DRIVERS OF TRAINS."
•
Sealed the 19th July 1870, and dated the 13th May 1870.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James Anthony Gardner
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 13th May 1870.
I, JAMES ANTHONY GARDNER, of the Cumberland Road, Bristol, in
5 the County of Somerset, Governor of Her Majesty's Gaol at Bristol,
in the County of Bristol, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR SIGNALLING BETWEEN PASSENGERS,
GUARDS, AND DRIVERS OF TRAINS," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to an improved arrangement of apparatus for
communicating signals from the passengers of railway trains to the
guards or driver or to or from a guard and driver only.

page_text: -
The Invention consists in fitting a brass, iron, or other metal, or a
flexible tube along the under side of the roof of each carriage, the tube
passes to the outside and terminates in flexible pieces having union or
other easy fitting joints on their free ends, so that the corresponding
free ends of the next carriage can be secured to them when the train is
made up. Inside each compartment of the carriages I attach either a
mouth piece or a compressible bag or bellows, which hangs from the
tube to be operated upon by any person in the compartment. The
passage leading from the mouth piece or bag is seated for a ball or
spherical valve to rest upon to shut up the passage, but on the mouth
piece being blown through or the bag compressed, sufficient air will be
forced in to lift the valve and sound a whistle or other sound giving
instrument, whithin hearing of the guard or driver. The free ends of
the flexible tubes can be attached to plugs or sockets fitted to the ends
of the carriages, so that either of them can form the termination of the
tube at one end without reference to the number of carriages forming
the train; I also connect an adjustable cap or ferrule on the tube in each
compartment, so that when turned in one direction a whistle attached
to it can be sounded when a mouth piece or a bag is operated upon.
This turning may be effected by the guard or other official riding in
that compartment.
.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CAMBRICS
Year: 1870

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Henry Fletcher, of Belfast, in the
County of Antrim, in Ireland, Cambric Manufacturer, for the
Invention of " IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CAMBRICS."
Sealed the 16th May 1871, and dated the 21st November 1870.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Henry Fletcher
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 21st November 1870.
I, WILLIAM HENRY FLETCHER, of Belfast, in the County of Antrim,
in Ireland, Cambric Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for " IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CAMBRICS," to be
as follows:-
This Invention relates to the weaving of cambric goods, and consists
in the production of an imitation of the French vein or hemstitch by

page_text: means of ordinary gauze mountings and needle frames applied to the
looms heretofore employed.
The gauze mounting is applied to the loom in such a manner as to
make the perforations in the warp of the cloth, and the needle frame is
made to produce the same effect in the weft.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR LIGHTING
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Albert Marcius Silber and
Frederick White at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 1st November 1870.
We, ALBERT MARCIUS SILBER, of the Firm of Silber and Fleming,
of Wood Street, Cheapside, in the City of London, Merchants, and
FREDERICK WHITE, of Camberwell, in the County of Surrey, Watch-
maker, in the Employment of the said Firm, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for " IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR LIGHTING,"
to be as follows:-
The main objects of our Invention are to produce a clear white light,
air being introduced centrally of the burner or flame, and to prevent the
oil which runs over from being wasted. The apparatus is especially
applicable to such lamps as are used in railways, ships, and streets..
According to our Invention we construct a burner or lighting
apparatus of an outer tube and an inner tube, the way through the
latter forming an air passage, and between these tubes we introduce
another tube perforated near each end. Over this tube we draw the:
wick, and within it we fix a fourth and shorter tube preferably about.
half the length of the third tube. It does not extend to the ends of

page_text: that tube, but leaves the perforations uncovered. Between this tube and
the innermost or second tube there is a space down which the oil that
runs over the wick and is not absorbed through the holes. trickles or
drops again into the part of the burner or apparatus whence it was
drawn. The chimney is held steadily in place by an annular or tubular 5
holder with internal springs pressing against the chimney, and it is
itself held by bayonet joints or by studs engaging in angular slots or the
like cut in opposite directions.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CASTORS
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Jonathan Pickering at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
5th March 1870.
I, JONATHAN PICKERING, of Stockton-on-Tees, in the County of
Durham, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN CASTORS," to be as follows:—
My Invention relates to castors on which furniture or moveable goods
are rolled.
I place a ball in a cavity, which I make in proper form to receive it:
On this ball I place another ball which is the roller of the castor; these
balls are secured from dropping out by making a ring or clip less than
the diameter of the roller ball. By this means I obtain a castor having
a ball working in any direction pressing against another ball, which is
also free to roll in a contrary direction, thereby giving the least possible
amount of friction: The object of this Invention is to have the weight
in a vertical line with the point where the ball touches the floor, thus
giving less strain to the joints of those articles to which it is applied.
AN IMPROVED BOX OR CASE FOR CONTAINING JEWELS, DEEDS, AND OTHER VALUABLES, APPLICABLE ALSO AS A TOY PUZZLE
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Rupert Drury at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 19th
November 1870..
I, RUPERT DRURY, of Dover, in the County of Kent, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED BOX OR CASE FOR
CONTAINING JEWELS, DEEDS, AND OTHER VALUABLES, APPLICABLE ALSO AS A TOY
PUZZLE," (to be as follows) :-
This Invention consists of a case of wood, metal, or other suitable
material, the interior of which is hollowed out into a cylindrical form.
A screw lid or plug is inserted at the top, so that when screwed in by
means of a key provided for the purpose the lid is below the level of
the top of the box. This lid has a number of perforations in it, each of
which is at the same distance from the centre, and opposite one another.
The key is made in the form of 3 sides of a square, the two ends being
at such distance apart as to fit into any two of the perforations, in the
lid, and by turning the key the lid is unscrewed and can be removed.
The bottom end of the case is hollowed out to the same depth as the
lid is from the surface when screwed in, and this part is provided with

page_text: apertures to correspond with those in the lid, so that when the lid is
screwed on the two ends of the case appear to be perfectly alike in every
respect. This case or box is well adapted as a safe receptacle for jewels,
deeds, and other articles of value.
This Invention can be used as a toy puzzle by forming the box of
the shape of a barrel, and the two ends arranged in the same manner as
before described.