The Manufacture of a Substitute for China Stone, for use in the Production of China Ware, Porcelain, Earthenware, Stone Ware, Tiles, Bricks, and other Articles.
Year: 1899

page_text: Date of Application, 21st Feb., 1899
Complete Specification Left, 20th Nov., 1899-Accepted, 23rd Dec.,
1899
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
The Manufacture of a Substitute for China Stone, for use in the
Production of China Ware, Porcelain, Earthenware, Stone Ware,
Tiles, Bricks, and other Articles.
I, HERBERT ANTONIO HENRY MOORE, of Lombard House, George Yard, Lombard
Street, in the City of London, Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of this
invention to be as follows:-
This invention relates to the manufacture of a substitute for china stone for use
in the production of china ware, porcelain, earthenware, stone ware, tiles, bricks and
similar articles.
It has heretofore been usual to employ, with the body or with the glaze, or with both
the body and glaze, of such articles, a certain quantity of china stone (Cornish stone),
the quantity employed varying according to the character of the article to be
produced.
Now according to my invention I substitute for such china stone a mixture
composed mainly of the waste material resulting from the separation of kaolin or
china clay from china store, to which waste material I add sinall quantities of kaolin
and of felspar or flint.
In preparing a substitute for china stone for constituting an ingredient in the
body employed to produce china ware, earthenware or the like, I crush or dis-
integrate the aforesaid waste material, either previously or subsequently to mixing
with it small quantities of kaolin and pure crushed felspar. The proportions of
these substances may vary according to the articles to be produced, and according to
the condition of the aforesaid waste material at the time it is to be used; but I find
that satisfactory results are obtained by adding to every 100 (one hundred) parts of
waste material 7 (seven and a half) parts of kaolin and 2 (two and a half) parts of
felspar. I may replace the felspar, or some of it, with flint. This mixture practi-
cally reproduces the constituents present in china stone in so far as such constituents
are useful in the manufacture of the above mentioned articles.
I sometimes precipitate the waste material or the mixture, after its disintegration,
in water, so as to obtain a very fine or impalpable powder.
When employing the said substitute for china stone to produce a glaze for such
articles as jam-pots, chemical utensils and the like, I use an increased proportion of
kaolin and of flint or felspar or both. I obtain good results by adding to every 100
(one hundred) parts of the aforesaid waste material 20 (twenty) parts of kaolin and
20 (twenty) parts of ground flint. To this mixture I may add a suitable proportion
of plaster of Paris or an appropriate coloring material, and of ball or other common
clay, as is well known in the art.
The use of this glazing mixture enables me to dispense with the first firing or
biscuit, the articles being dipped into water containing the glazing mixture in sus-
pension, after they have been moulded and dried, and being then fired in the usual
mannor

page_text: It is obvious that instead of mixing together the ingredients forming the substitute
for China stone previously to mixing together the ingredients of the body or the glaze,
such mixtures may be effected simultaneously.
Dated this 21st day of February 1899.
HASELTINE, LAKE & Co.,
45, Southampton Buildings, London, W.C., Agents for the Applicant.
The Manufacture of a Substitute for China Stone, for use in the
Production of China Ware, Porcelain, Earthenware, Stone Ware,
Tiles, Bricks, and other Articles.
I, HERBERT ANTONIO HENRY MOORE, of Lombard House, George Yard, Lombard
Street, in the City of London, Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of this inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement:-
This invention relates to the manufacture of a substitute for china stone for use
in the production of china ware, porcelain, earthenware, stone-ware, tiles, bricks
and similar articles.
It has heretofore been usual to employ, with the body or with the glaze, or with
both the body-and-glaze,-of-such articles, a certain quantity of china stone
(Cornish stone), the quantity employed varying according to the character of the
article to be produced.
Now according to my invention I substitute for such chinà stone a mixture
composed mainly of the waste material resulting from the separation of kaolin (china
clay) from china stone, to which waste material I add small quantities of kaolin and
of felspar or flint or both. The quantities of the different ingredients are
proportioned as to reproduce as nearly as possible the constituents of china stone in
so far as such constituents are useful in the manufacture of the above mentioned
articles.
So
In carrying out my invention I reduce the said waste material to a state of fine
The
powder by crushing or calcining or both crushing and calcining the same.
kaolin and felspar or flint are also crushed or calcined and if desired these materials
may be mixed with the waste material before the latter is crushed so that all the
materials are crushed or reduced in the same operation or operations. I sometimes
precipitate the crushed and calcined materials in water in order to obtain them in
the form of a very fine or impalpable powder. The proportions in which the
ingredients are mixed vary according to the articles to be produced; and according
to the condition of the waste material employed, i.e. whether the same contains
much or little free silica, undecomposed or partly decomposed felspar or unseparated
clay. Usually I add to every 100 (one hundred) parts by weight of the waste
material from 7 (seven and a half) to 30 (thirty) parts of kaolin, and from 2
(two and a half) to 20 (twenty) parts of felspar or flint or both.
For the production of a substitute for china stone for use as a constituent in the
body of china ware, earthenware and the like, and when employing an average
sample of the waste material, I have found that satisfactory results are obtained
by mixing the ingredients, forming the substitute material, in the following
proportions:
T
100 mesto be weight

page_text: When employing the said substitute for china stone to produce a glaze for such
articles as jam-pots, chemical utensils and the like, I use an increased proportion of
kaolin and of flint or felspar or both. Good results may be obtained from the
following proportions:
5
material)
"
It is obvious that instead of mixing together the ingredients forming the substi-
tute for china stone previously to mixing together the ingredients of the body of the
glaze, such mixtures may be effected simultaneously. Thus a body composed of:
Ball clay
Kaolin
Flint
Felspar
-
Waste material
or a glaze composed of:
Ball clay
Kaolin
Flint
-
-
Waste material
26 parts by weight,
وو
32
"
"
22
"
"
"
"
"
part "
16 parts,
9 parts by weight,
9
"
"
"
9
"
"
"
46
"
"
"
27
وو
"
و"
Plaster of Paris
would contain similar ingredients in substantially similar proportions to those in the
5 above compositions wherein the substitute material is mentioned as a whole, the
ingredients of such material being present in each case in such proportions as to
reproduce approximately china stone. The employment of the ingredients in such
proportions I consider to come within my invention.
The use of the above specified glazing mixture does not necessitate a first firing or
0 biscuit; the articles, after they have been moulded and dried, being dipped into water
containing the glazing mixture in suspension, and being then fired in the usual
manner.
my
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
5 claim is:-

page_text: 1. A substitute for china stone composed of a mixture of the waste material referred
to with kaolin, and felspar or flint or both, substantially in the proportions specified.
2. In the production of china ware, porcelain, earthenware, stone ware, tiles, bricks,
and other articles, the use in substantially the proportions stated of the aforesaid waste
material together with kaolin and felspar or flint or both for the purpose specified.
Dated this 20th day of November 1899.
HASELTINE LAKE & Co.,
45, Southampton Buildings, London, W.C., Agents for the Applicant.