Improvements in Kettles or other Cooking Utensils.
Year: 1893

page_text: Date of Application, 10th Oct., 1893
Complete Specification Left, 16th May, 1894-Accepted, 30th June, 1894
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Kettles or other Cooking Utensils.
CHARLES HENRY WARD, Clerk, of Walcot House, Station Road, Staple Hill,
near Bristol, in the County of Gloucestershire, and GEORGE MORRIS of No. 11
Langton Street, Cathay, Bristol in the County of Gloucestershire do hereby
declare the nature of this invention to be as follows :-
For the purpose of increasing the heating surface of any kettle or other
cooking utensil, we attach an enclosure around the sides of-and extending below
the bottom of the kettle or other cooking utensil. This enclosure we call a
curfew. At the top of the curfew are holes for the purpose of passing out and
creating thereby a flow of hot air around the sides of the kettle or other cooking
utensil. The reason of the extension of the curfew is to keep up the bottom of
the kettle or other cooking utensil from the stove or fire or other heating appliance
so that the bottom shall not receive the general wear and tear by the friction of
placing on and off the said stove or fire or other heating appliance. The curfew
is also a guard against the kettle or other cooking utensil being damaged from an
accidental fall or blow. By the continual flow of hot air around the sides of the
kettle or other cooking utensil consequent upon the ventilating holes at the top of
the curfew, much more heating power is obtained than in any other kettle or
cooking utensil and great rapidity of boiling or heating is ensured.
Dated this Ninth day of October 1893.
CHARLES HENRY WARD.
GEORGE MORRIS.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Kettles or other Cooking Utensils.
We, CHARLES HENRY WARD of Walcot House, Station Road, Staple Hill,
Clerk, and GEORGE MORRIS of 11 Langton Street, Cathay, Coppersmith, both of
Bristol, in the County of Gloucester, do hereby declare the nature of this invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement :-
Our invention relates to improvements in kettles, saucepans, frying-pans and
other similar cooking utensils, capable of being used upon an ordinary open
grate, or upon the hot plates of kitcheners and other stoves, and has for its object
to so construct the said vessels or utensils as to provide the greatest possible heating
surface without reducing the containing capacity thereof, and we attain this by
connecting to and fastening upon each utensil an outer casing or jacket, extending
below the bottom of the vessel for the purpose of protecting this from blows
through accidental falls, and the usual wear and tear consequent upon the friction
of the said bottom with the top of the hot plate and other horizontal surfaces upon
which the utensil may be placed. At the upper end of the said outer casing, and as
near as possible to the point of junction between this and the containing portion
of the utensil, we form any number of Elits, or rectangular, circular or polygonal
openings, which form an outlet or exhaust for the hot air or product of combustion
entering between the vessel and its jacket, and from which it would be directed up
the flue of the chimney.

page_text: For the purposes of our invention we attach great importance in that the said
outer case or jacket extends below the bottom of the vessel, as this materially
assists in attaining the object of our invention, as herein before set forth. ID
kitcheners and similar enclosed ranges circular openings are provided in or upon
which the kettle, saucepan frying pan or other cooking utensil is stood, and it will
be understood that if the said outer casing was level with the bottom of the vessel,
and the bottom of the vessel covering the opening in the hot plate, that only the
bottom of the vessel would receive the heat from the fire, and that a greater
portion of the heat generated would pass up the flue without doing useful work,
but by reason of the said jacket extending below the bottom of the utensil, the
said bottom would be raised from, while the said jacket would surround, the opening
in the hot plate, and by the law of convection the products of combustion or
heated air would prefer to pass through the opening in the hot plate, (this being
higher than the opening from the grate into the flue), and from which it would
pass under and around the vessel and pass up between this and its jacket, and
exhaust through the before mentioned openings, and by this means we utilize the
heat that would be otherwise wasted.
In order that our invention and its advantages may be fully understood we have
hereunto appended a sheet of drawings, in which we have chosen to illustrate its
application to tea kettles and saucepans, but we wish it understood that we may
employ the same principle in the construction of fish kettles, boilers, frying pans
and other cooking utensils of a like nature regardless of their shape, size or
configuration without departing from our invention.
Fig. 1 is a side elevation of a tea kettle according to our invention,
Fig. 2 is a vertical section of same upon the line A B, while Fig. 3 is a plan
view thereof.
Fig. 4 is a side elevation of a saucepan according to our invention, the lid of
which is raised therefrom and shewn in vertical section.
Fig. 5 is a vertical section of Fig. 4 with the lid in position thereon.
Fig. 6 is a plan view of Fig. 4 with the lid removed, while Fig. 7 is a plan view
of the lid only.
We carry our invention into effect in so far as regards Figs. 1, 2, and 3 by
constructing of any suitable metal, the containing portion A, which in horizontal
cross section may be circular, elliptical, rectangular or polygonal, and provided
with a lid B, spout C and handle D' in the usual way, the bottom of which E may
be flat or concave as shewn in Fig. 2. Surrounding the vessel A, we provide of any
suitable metal, a case or jacket F, the lower end of which extends for any desired
distance below the bottom of A, for the purposes hereinbefore mentioned, the
upper portion of F being either moulded or otherwise formed integrally with, or
soldered rivetted or otherwise connected to, a roof or cover G, this being rivetted
or by some other suitable means firmly connected to the extreme upper portion
of A, or this portion G may be arranged to form, or be connected to the lid
aperture of A, the object for this being that the space between A and F may
extend as near as possible to the highest part of A, in order that the exhaust
apertures H, may be in the highest possible part of G, to permit the hot air to
pass over nearly the whole of the outer surface of A before exhausting through H,
and these although shewn as slits in Figs. 1 and 3 may, if preferred, be circular,
square, or polygonal holes as shewn in the saucepan lid Fig. 7.
In the construction of saucepans shewn by Figs. 4, 5, 6, and 7 we form the
circular or other shaped containing portion A of any suitable metal, the bottom of
which E may be flat or concave as desired. In these utensils we prefer that the
outer casing while still extending any suitable distance below E as at 5, shall
carry a handle F and terminate at its upper end a short distance below the
upper end of A, and upon this we form, or attach thereto, four or more lugs J,
and by means of these, when suitably bent or curved, we rivet or otherwise connect
F to A, the spaces between the said lugs forming the exhaust for the hot air when
the lid is removed, as is sometimes necessary during the process of cooking or

page_text: heating certain articles of food, such for instance as milk, or the like that may
require stirring. In this arrangement of a saucepan an ordinary lid may be used
if desired, but we prefer to construct the lid as shewn in Figs. 4, 5, and 7, in which.
the lid proper K is arranged to fit within the upper end of A in the usual way, but
to the outside of K we rivet or otherwise connect a casing or jacket L, carrying a
suitable handle M. The lower portion or mouth of L, when K was in position.
within A, would rest upon, and be flush with the upper surface of the jacket F, as.
shewn in Fig. 5, and in the upper surface of L, as near as possible to the handle M,
any number of circular, rectangular or polygonal holes N, or slits O may be
formed, or if desired a row of each as at Fig. 7, and through these the hot air-
would exhaust when the lid was in position as at Fig. 5.
From the foregoing it will be understood that according to our invention, we
cause the hot air to pass over not only the surfaces of the bottom and sides of the
containing portion of the vessel, but nearly the whole of the upper portion of
same, thereby making the very best possible use of the products of combustion
from whatever source derived, without in the very slightest degree lessening the
containing capacity of the vessel, as would be the case if the hot air was allowed
to pass through a vertical passage in the body of the vessel, as provided in some.
such vessels hitherto made and used.
The saucepan shewn by Figs. 4, 5 and 6, would, when the lid K L was removed
therefrom as at Fig. 6, be capable of receiving an ordinary steamer, as used for
ages for steaming potatoes and the like.
We are aware that kettles, saucepans, frying pans and similar cooking utensils
have hitherto been made with an outer jacket or casing, but these were either
provided with corrugations or flutings upon the outer surface of the containing
portion of the vessel, (which resulted in, that the convex portions of such.
corrugations or flutings were burned through before the convex portions) or that a
passage was provided for the hot air through the centre of the containing portion
of the vessel, which materially reduced the holding capacity thereof, (not to
mention the burning of the chefs fingers when such passage extended through the
lid of the vessel) we therefore do not broadly claim the use of such outer casing
or jacket, except as forming part of our combination by which we attain certain
new and useful results not hitherto accomplished, so far as we are aware.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what we
claim is :-
1st. In the manufacture and use of tea kettles, the combination of a body A,
circular, elliptical, rectangular or polygonal in horizontal cross section, provided
with a concave bottom E, and the usual accessories B, C, D, surrounded by a
jacket or casing F G rivetted or otherwise connected to the highest part of A, or
arranged to form the lid aperture of A, and provided as near as possible thereto
with any number of slits H, or circular, rectangular or polygonal holes, and
extending for any desired distance below the bottom of A, the whole connected
and operating in combination with any form or kind of grate or stove for
generating heat substantially as and for the object and purposes herein described,
and shewn by Figs. 1 2 and 3 of the accompanying drawings.
2nd. In the manufacture and use of saucepans, frying pans, fish kettles, and
similar cooking utensils, the combination of a body A, circular, elliptical,
rectangular or polygonal in horizontal cross section, provided with a concave
bottom E, and surrounded by a jacket or casing F carrying a suitable handle Fi
and provided with lugs J, by which it is rivetted or otherwise connected to A, and
arranged to extend for any desired distance below the bottom of A, and surmounted
by a cover, consisting of a lid K capable of fitting into the mouth of A, and
rivetted or otherwise connected to an outer casing or jacket L, carrying a handle
or its equivalent M, and provided as near as possible thereto with any number of
circular, rectangular or polygonal holes or slits N or O or both, the whole

page_text: connected and operating in combination with any form or kind of stove or grate
for generating heat, substantially as and for the purposes herein described and
shewn by Figs. 4, 5, 6 and 7 of the accompanying drawings.
Dated this 16th day of May 1894.
GEO. THOS. HYDE,
1, Broad Street Buildings, Liverpool Street, London, E.C.,
Agent for the Applicants.