Improvements in or relating to Calendars.
Year: 1898

page_text: Date of Application, 12th Mar., 1898-Accepted, 9th July, 1898
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in or relating to Calendars.
We, IGNAZ HRBEK and JOSEF WEJROSTEK, Engineering Works, 11 Clemens-
gasse, Prague, in Austro-Hungary, do hereby declare the nature of this invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement:—
6
This invention relates to a so called perpetual" calendar and is chiefly
characterised by a clock-work mechanism causing a disc to rotate to an extent
equal to / of its circumference every 24 hours, this movement being automatically
transmitted to three discs geared together the first of which (having 28 divisions)
indicates days of the week, the second (with 31 divisions) days of the month and
the third (with 12 divisions) months of the year. The calendar is also provided
with mechanism providing for the adjustment of the discs indicating the dates
in accordance with the months having 30 and 28 days and also in accordance with
the month of February in leap-years having 29 days.
As a result on each day, the day, date and month are indicated in the openings
in the front-wall of a casing in which the whole device is enclosed (see Fig. 3 of
the accompanying drawing showing Tuesday 30, November).
The invention is illustrated in the accompanying drawings in which
Fig. 1 is an elevation, the front plate of the casing being removed.
Fig. 2 a section on
arrow I).
Fig. 3 a section on
arrow II..
of Fig. 1(looking in the direction indicated by the
of Fig. 1 looking in the direction indicated by the
Fig. 4 shows the position of the calendar on the 28th of February of an
ordinary year..
Fig. 5 is a device for adjusting the date-disc according to leap-years (February
with 29 days).
Fig. 6 is a section on the line y-y of Fig. 5.
Fig. 7 is a detail view, Fig. 8 is a front view of the casing on a smaller scale,
& Fig. 9 is a detail sectional view of one of the toothed wheels.
The disc A which receives an impulse every 24 hours by a spring-device or
gearing U consists of 5 equal discs a, a', a², a³, a (Figs. 1 and 2) secured together,
each two being secured by seven equally spaced pins a₁', a"
VI
11
VII, and so on, the pins of each pair of dises being arranged so that they differ
by of the circumference so that viewed from the front it would appear as if
there were 28 pins in the disc. In a month with 31 days only one of these sets
of pins is operative, in a month with 30 days two, and in, a month with 29 days
three, and in a month with 28 days four.
To the spindle of the disc A is secured another disc A¹ (Fig. 2) on which are
inscribed at equal distances apart the days of the week (Sunday, Monday etc.) and
which is rotated each time that the spring-device is operated through of a
revolution so as to cause the name of the next day to appear in the aperture in
the front plate.
·

page_text: To enable the disc A. to be moved forward every 24 hours the spring device is
provided with a disc A2 provided at its circumference with a recess A³, one side
of which (in the example illustrated, the right hand one) rests under the influence
of the spring-pressure of the spring-device against an arm or projection 7 of a
lever 72 pivoted at 7.
When at the expiration of 24 hours the lever Z2 is raised by the clock work
mechanism in the direction indicated by the arrow 1 (Fig. 1) the rod Z releases
the disc A that is to say the spring device.
The wheels R R R2 R3 are then caused to rotate and the disc A is caused to
turn through of a revolution.
When the disc A2 has made one complete revolution, it returns to its normal
position Fig. 1 the arm Z again falls into the recess A3 (either owing to the weight
of the lever or by means of spring pressure) whereby the spring device is stopped
and does not come into action for another 24 hours.
The pin-wheel A engages with a toothed wheel B having 31 teeth and is carried
on a spindle b rotatably supported in the casing.
This wheel B is connected with three latches or plates b₁ by by by means of 4 guide
pins c in such manner that said latches are caused to participate in the rotation of
the wheel B, but at the same time can move independently of it radially, and this
radial motion is limited by the pins against which projections 64 65 of the latches
strike during said movement.
In order to fix the latches b₁, b₂, by which are rectilinearly guided in grooves
of the pins c and which are arranged at equal distances apart in their end positions
the wheel B is provided with a spring-blade or blades & the hent ends of which
are adapted to engage with corresponding lateral recesses in the latches.
3
The latter are provided at one of their ends with teeth ₁, b, b, which are
moved relatively to one another so that the distance between each of them is equal
to the pitch of the wheel B (Fig. 7), rollers 1, 2, 3 (Fig. 3 and 6) being mounted
loosely on pins secured to the other ends of the latches."
The latches b₁, b₁, ba, are provided with corresponding hubs e having, on their
inner sides, projections e¹, the use of which will be hereinafter described. The
upper latch b₂, that is to say the farthest from the wheel B, is moreover provided
with an easily rotatable roller f mounted on a pin at its end.
At the circumference of the wheel B there is secured an arm g, and a short
pin or stud h (Figs. 1, 3, 4) is screwed into the hub of the wheel B, these parts
being used to operate mechanism hereinafter fully described.
The toothed wheel B is held in position by means of spring pawls dỗ,
(Figs. 1 and 2).
d"
To the front plate P is secured a sleeve k (Figs. 2 and 3) passing through the
hubs e of the latches and surrounding the spindle 6 of the wheel B. This sleeve k
is provided outside with a longitudinal rib against which strike the projections el
of the latches b₁, b₁, h, whereby the rotation of the wheel B causes the released
latches to be drawn back.
Similarly as on the spindle of the pin wheel A of the days' disc there is keyed
on the spindle b on its end projecting beyond the front plate P, a disc 11
(Figs. 2 and 3) on which are printed the numerals 1 to 31 indicating the dates
of the months. Each time that this latter dise is operated correspondingly to
the movement of the wheel 13 the next following numeral appears in the aperture
already mentioned. It will be easily understood that the wheel B and the disc B¹
must on the last day of a month containing 30 days turn to the extent of 2 teeth
or numerals, in order to indicate the next correct date (the 1st of the next
following month. In the same way, at the end of a month containing 28 or 29
days, the wheel B and the disc B₁ must turn to the extent of 4 or 3 teeth respec-
tively, so as to show after the last day of February the 1st of March 'in the
ordinary or in a leap-year respectively. A third wheel C' has written on its
outer surface the names of the months and is secured to a spindle rotatably

page_text: I
supported in the casing, a wheel C. provided with 5 teeth. L. 11 18 13, 14. being.
also secured to said spindle: The teeth.7.18, 13, 14 are in the plane of the wheel C;
as is also the tooth, which is provided, in addition with.a.fork. shaped segment L
projecting out from the wheel C, and having a shape corresponding to that of the
other teeth, so that, as clearly shown in Figure 9; a three-toothed part is formed,
which serves to operate the three rollers 1, 2, 3, arranged on the latches b₁, b, b..
The rear side of the wheel C, on one arm of which is a pin m,. is secured to a:
wheel C which on the side furthest from the wheel C' is provided with 12 pins n.
Under the wheel C' there is loosely mounted on a shaft 1) (Figs.. 1, 3, 4), a bell-
crank lever o the vertical arm of which is connected by means of a helical
spring with a lever p on the same shaft D the other arm of the bell-crank lever
being operated by the pin h screwed into the hub of the toothed wheel B. The
vertical arm of the lever o as well as the lever p serve to normally lock the wheel C
which is caused to move by the wheel B in the following manner. The pin h of
the wheel B raises in the rotation of the latter the horizontal arm of the bell crank!
lever whereupon the pins n are released by the vertical arm of said lever o..
The arm can now, by striking one of the pins n,, cause the wheel C³ to rotate;
but only to the extent of one tooth, as the pin h immediately releases the arm of
the lever o and the vertical arm of the latter is drawn back by the spring gto
engage again with the pins. Moreover the lever. p also engages with the teeth
of the wheel C. The device for the adjustment of the mechanism for leap-year
chiefly comprises a sleeve e formed into or carrying at one end a cam disc v¹, and
at the other a wheel 2 having 4 teeth, said sleeve being mounted loosely on a
pin E. The cam disc is provided with one deep and three short projections or
cams against which constantly bears a pawl-like end of a lever s pivotted
about a pin F said end being pressed against the cams by means of the greater
weight of the second longer arm of the lever which is provided with a spheroidal
or curved cam surface s²
The operation or rotation of the sleeve is effected by means of the pin m of
the wheel C which engages with the wheel in such manner that at each new
year the sleeve is caused to rotate to the extent of the length of one cam of the
cam-disc and at each leap-year the pawl like ends of the lever s engages with
the deep cam projection of the cam-disc, the cam-surface 2 of the lever s thus
occupying its lowest position.
The action of such a calendar will be now described, the position shown in
Fig. 1 (30 November) being taken as a starting point.
On
It must be first pointed out that the teeth and 12, 13, 14 of the wheel C' corres-
pond to months with 28, 29, or 30 days i.e. to February, April, June,. September,
and November and the wheel C comes in each of these months into such position
that during the intermittent rotations of the wheel 13 (taking place every 24 hours),
the rollers, 2, of the latches b₁, b₂, by pass the teeth 1, ₁
examining the position shown in Fig. 1 it will be seen that when the disc A is
operated at midnight November 30 owing to the release of the disc A₂, the pin a¹
engages with the tooth of the wheel B corresponding to the number 30 and causes
this wheel to move to the extent of one tooth. As, however November has 30 days
the wheel C has occupied on the last day of October owing to the arm.9. striking
against one of the pins n of the wheel C2, such a position that the roller r¹ of the
first latch passes the tooth during the rotation of the wheel. B in the month
of November, whereby the first latch b₁ is caused to move.
In this way however the tooth b₁₁ of the latch b₁ is brought into a position in
which it can engage with the pin a¹ of the disc A and therefore the wheel B
rotates to the extent of two teeth owing to the successive engagement of' the pinta
with the tooth b¹, and of the pin a¹, with the tooth 31 of the wheel B which rotation
to the extent of two teeth is necessary in order to bring the date disc B into its
proper position that is to say to indicate the 1st of December, the 31st of November
being passed over. In this rotation of the wheel B the wheel C is caused to rotate
forward owing to the rod g striking one of the pins n, this rotation being such

page_text: that the former position of the tooth. is then occupied by an interval between
the teeth, therefore the latches b₁, b₁, b, participate in the movement of the wheel B
without being moved radially and the wheel B is operated by the pin-wheel A.
31 times for December.
From the position shown in Fig. 1 the latch b₁ moved in the month of November,
returns into its original position owing to the projection e¹ striking during the
rotation of the wheel B against the longitudinal rib of the sleeve which'
during the continuing rotation of the wheel B resulted in a radial movement of
the latch (Fig. 5). To arrange the apparatus for two 31 days months in
succession there is provided a larger interval between the teeth 1 and 7 and 13 and 14
so as to prevent the latches b₁, by, b₁ from being moved in these cases. The
calendar therefore is automatically adjusted and indicates the correct days in
December and January from the 1st to the 31st. When the calendar is operated
on the last day of January of each year the disc C rotates in the manner herein-
before described and the tooth comes into such position that the rollers 1, 2, 3
of the latches by, b₁, b, are obliged to pass the metal strips of the tooth (Fig. 4).
The action of the mechanism in the month of February of an ordinary year will
be first considered. February has 28 days and consequently on the last day of
this month the disc B when operating the disc A must be caused to turn to the
extent of 4 teeth in order that the 1st follows the 28th on the disc indicating the
dates. This is effected by all the rollers 23 which in passing the tooth_/
during the rotation of the wheel B in February of an ordinary year causes the
latches b₁bb, to move and the teeth of the latter, which, as already
stated, are arranged at a distance equal to the pitch of the teeth of the wheel B
relatively to one another, to engage with the tooth of the wheel B corresponding
to the number 28 with the pin wheel A, so that the wheel successively turns
four times to the extent of one tooth each time, said movement being determined
by the successive cooperations of the pins a¹, a', a¹, and a¹, with the teeth b¹, b₁₂ b₁₁
and the tooth 31 of the wheel B.
2
In the windows or openings of the cases will thus appear after the 28th of
February in an ordinary year, the 1st of March. In a leap year on the contrary
only two latches b₁ b₂ must be maintained in their new position into which they
are brought by the rollers 1, 2 striking against the tooth..
The
After the 28th of February in a leap year the date indicator must pass to the
29th and from this to the 1st of March. This is effected by means of the device
already described (sleeve vand lever s). After each complete revolution of the
wheel C corresponding to one year, the roller m causes the sleeve to move by
striking one of the teeth of the wheel 2 in such manner that the pawl like
end of the lever s rests at each "ordinary" year on one of the small cams,
and in a leap year on the large cam, whereby as already stated the end of the lever
provided with the arched cam surface s² occupies its lowest position. In passing
the tooth the latches b₁ by by are therefore simultaneously caused to move.
roller secured to the latch bg, which generally moves under the cam surface
(Fig. 5 dotted lines) comes during the further rotation of the wheel B on the cam
surfaces slides on it and thus moves the latch by back into its original position
(Figs. 5 and 6). Thus is becomes possible on the 28th of February owing to the
position of the tooth b', for the wheel B to rotate to the extent of one tooth more
and the dates indicator comes to the 29th and afterwards on the expiration of
24 hours as before the teeth b₁₂ b₁₁ and the tooth 31 are caused to engage each
with one pin of the disc A three times in succession in order to turn the wheel B
on the 29th of February (at midnight) to the extent of 3 teeth and the calendar
indicates the 1st of March and so on.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this invention
as communicated to me by my foreign correspondents and in what manner the
same is to be performed, I declare that what I claim is :-
1
nammantal colando hich the month data and
11

page_text: means of discs as C₁ A1 B1 (the two latter of which are operated from a clockwork
every 24 hours) in such manner (a) that in a 30 days' month.one of the three
latches connected with the wheel B moves in a radial direction relatively to the
latter wheel, owing to its roller striking one of the five teeth of the disc corres-
ponding to the months with less than 31 days whereby the tooth of the latch
is brought into such a position that both it and the tooth 31 of the wheel B are
operated on the last day of a 30-days mouth by each of the 28 pins of the day-
disc A, which are arranged at intervals equal to the pitch of the wheel B and in
four series for the purpose of causing the date wheel having 31 teeth to turn to
the extent of two teeth (b) that in a month having 28 days all the three latches
move and owing to the successive engagement of the pins of the disc A with the
teeth of the latches and the tooth 31 of the wheel B cause the latter wheel to
move to the extent of 4 teeth at the end of a 28-day's month (c) that in February
of a leap-year the pawl like end of a lever s engages with the large cam surface
of a cam-disc provided with 4 cam surfaces and rotated to the extent of one
cam surface by the month disc Cat each revolution of the latter and the lever-
end provided with a cam surface 2 comes into its lowest position for the purpose
of returning into its original position the latch (or its tooth) which has been
moved in the month of February together with the other latches and thus to enable
the "dates" discs B to indicate the 29th or after the expiration of this day to
enable the disc B to move to the extent of 3 teeth and (d) that in a 31 day's
month the actions of the mechanism set forth under a), b) and c) do not take place
but the wheel B rotates to the extent of one tooth every 24 hours during the whole
month substantially as described.
2. The combination and arrangement of parts constituting the complete auto-
matic calendar substantially as described or illustrated in the accompanying.
drawings.