matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
AN IMPROVED ADVERTISING MEDIUM
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Alfred Whitty at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
6th October 1869.
I, WILLIAM ALFRED WHITTY, of 335, Strand, London, in the County
of Middlesex, Publisher, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "AN IMPROVED ADVERTISING MEDIUM," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object and relates to a new and improved
means for general advertising, and consists of an envelope or wrapper
which may be of the ordinary form, or formed with the flaps loose, that
is, not gummed or otherwise stuck together. The flaps of the envelope
may be of that form known as high flap or otherwise. The upper or
covering flap may project down to the bottom.
The front of the envelope is arranged in the following manner :-
From the top right-hand corner to the top left-hand corner is a line of
square or other shaped divisions, which by preference may be equal in
size to an ordinary penny postage stamp. From the top left-hand
corner to the bottom left-hand corner is a similar line of divisions, and
from the bottom left-hand corner towards the bottom right-hand corner
there may also be one or more similar divisions. It will thus be seen

page_text: that the centre and right-hand corner of the envelope is left clear for
the address from the sender to the receiver. In the division on the top
right-hand corner there is an embossed or adhesive penny or other
postage stamp. The remaining divisions are filled in with various
advertisements, which are done in a variety of forms, illuminated in
colours attractive and pleasing to the eye, so that the front of the
envelope has the appearance of a row of what may be called advertising
stamps across the top and down the left-hand side. The back and flaps
of the envelope are set off in divisions in a similar manner to the front,
each division being filled in with an illuminated or other advertisement.
Upon opening the envelope and straightening the flaps out, the inside
of the envelope is found set off in similar advertising spaces (illuminated
or otherwise) to the back and front. The whole surface of the inside
may be filled with one or more advertisements. The different divisions
will be hired or let out to various advertising firms, each town having
one or more envelopes with the local advertisements.
To give impetus and insure the circulation of these envelopes and the
advertisements thereon contained, they will be sold or disposed of in
bundles or packages of five hundred, one thousand, or more at the
proportionate rate of one halfpenny per envelope stamped with an
embossed or adhesive penny postage stamp.
IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR SIGNALLING ON RAILWAYS
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Thomas Cassel Pratt
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 8th April 1869.
I, WILLIAM THOMAS CASSEL PRATT, of Newport, in the County of
Monmouth, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR SIGNALLING ON RAILWAYS," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to apparatus by which due warning is given to
the driver of a train on his approaching a danger signal or station in
foggy or dark weather or during night time, the apparatus being
actuated by the engine as it travels.
The apparatus consists of rods and levers leading from the whistle or
other sound creating instrument on the engine or in connection with it
within the hearing of the driver, and a wire, cord, or other appliance
which is severed or otherwise acted upon by coming in contact with a
blade, bar, or lever placed above the rail or rails, or in the space between
the rails; the blade, bar, or lever is thrown or put into position at a
distance by an attendant, or by a lever on the rod of the danger signal
and worked in conjunction therewith; weights and springs may be

page_text: employed in connection with the apparatus to ensure its proper working.
The severed wire or cord can be replaced by another in a few seconds,
and the apparatus put in working condition while the train is at a
standstill. The part of the apparatus in connection with the danger
signal may be attached to points, crossings, bridges, or to gates subject
to being left open accidentaly."
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF MOORINGS
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Francis at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 2nd
June 1869.-A communication from abroad by Franklin Prestage,
of Barrackpore, in the Province of Bengal, in the East Indies,
Esquiro.
I, CHARLES FRANOIS, of No. 22, Austin Friars, in the City of London,
Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF MOORINGS," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in the construction of
moorings. For this purpose I construct a mooring with wings radiating
out from it in such manner that it may readily penetrate the ground, and
when it has penetrated to the required depth by slightly raising it the
wings may expand and grip or hold by the soil that has not been dis-
turbed. The shank of the mooring is formed of wrought iron or other
such metal the top being turned down to fit into the end of a tube
employed for driving or forcing it into the ground. The bottom part
of the shank is pointed so as to give it an easy entrance into the ground.
Some little way up from the bottom the shank is swollen out to

page_text: receive a large pin, and upon this pin the expanding main wings radiate.
Attached to the upper part of the main wings are by preference smaller
ones hung with their centres out of the contre so that they may readily
fall out directly the mooring is slightly raised. The mooring is driven
(the wings of course being closed,) by a tube or shaft of wrought iron,
or some such metal, the internal diameter of which is sufficiently largo
to carry the mooring chain. The tubes can be formed with screws to
screw into the ground, or the tube and mooring can be driven by such a
monkey as is ordinarily used in driving piles, or by an annular ram
which is raised and lowered on the tube itself, and made to fall on a
cushion of timber which is securely fastened to the tubo or shaft. When
the required depth has been reached the shaft or tube is raised, leaving
the mooring and chain in the position they are driven to, and as said
before upon the chain being slightly raised the mooring expands, giving
the holding power required.
In very hard ground a telescope shaft may be used, or rather the
lower length of shafting may be made telescopic, so that when half the
depth required to be reached, say 20 feet, has been obtained, by removing
a key from the upper part of the outer shaft the inuer one slides through
it, thus reducing the friction on the shaft.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BALLS AND MALLETS USED IN THE GAME OF CROQUET AND OTHER GAMES, AND IN APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Walter Rogers and George-
Tidcombe at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 18th October 1869.
We, WALTER ROGERS and GEORGE. TIDCOMBE, the younger, both of
Watford, in the County of Hertford, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for " IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BALLS AND MALLETS
USED IN THE GAME OF CROQUET AND OTHER GAMES, AND IN APPARATUS EMPLOYED
THEREIN," to bo as follows:-
Our Invention consists, firstly, in staining or dyeing croquet balls,
mallets, and other articles so that the coloring matter shall remain
permanently fixed thereon or therein, thus avoiding the disadvantages
of the chipping or peeling off of the paint now used for coloring
purposes; and, secondly, in causing the said articles to be distinguished
from each other by a certain mark or marks applied thereto.
In order to carry out our Invention we place the cubes or rough
turned blocks from which the balls, mallets, or other articles are to be
made, or the balls or mallets or other articles themselves, in a strong box
or other vessel capable of withstanding pressure. We then force into

page_text: the said vessel by means of a pump or other known forcing apparatus
the coloring matter or dye in a liquid state, so that the article will be
thoroughly saturated therewith.
In order to distinguish the "light" and "dark" balls and mallets
from each other we bore a hole or holes either through or partially
through the cube or block from which the article is to be manufactured,
or through or partially through the article itself, and by preference across
the grain of the wood, and force therein a wooden pin or wooden pins
made to fit tightly in the hole or holes and secured therein if required
by marine glue or other adhesive substance to give solidity to the ball
or other article. We prefer to have these said pins black and white,
but they may be of any other desirable color, the coloring matter being
applied thereto in the same manner as to the other articles, and they
may also be previously subjected to pressure so as to ensure a permanent
fit in the hole at all temperatures. The coloring matter may be mixed
with a preservative or hardening solution if required, or the said solution
may be separately applied to the articles. The balls and other articles
may, if desired, be formed of 3 or more pieces fastened together
with any suitable adhesive substance, a pin being forced through the
said pieces, and the whole turned up or finished in the usual manner,
thus forming rings and spots of dark or light color on the balls and
mallets, by which means they may be readily distinguished from each
other.
IMPROVEMENTS IN DRIVING STRAPS OR BELTS
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Francis Fleming at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 20th
July 1869.
I, FRANCIS FLEMING, of Halifax, in the County of York, Card
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN DRIVING STRAPS OR BELTS," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object the construction of driving straps
or belts, so as to prevent stretching or "giving" of the same and to
increase the strength and durability thereof. Driving straps or belts
when new, on being subjected to strain, stretch or give, necessitating
the shortening and re-splicing of the belt, and this stretching or giving
and re-jointing occurs many times with the same strap. To obviate this
defect and to give great increase of strength to such belts, whether
of leather, or canvas, and leather or other material combined, I construct
straps of two thin pieces or parts, and introduce between these a longi-
tudinal strip or strips of thin tempered steel. The two leathers and
the steel are firmly secured or held together by rivets, the heads of
which are countersunk in the leather so as not to project or interfere

page_text: with the grip or frictional hold of the strap or belt on the pulley
when such is "crossed" or used as an "under and over" strap. The
introduction of steel I find adds greatly to the strength of the strap
or belt, and in no way interferes with its flexibility, as straps or belts
so construeted will run over the smallest pulley.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MULES FOR SPINNING AND DOUBLING
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Knowles at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 10th
March 1869.
I, WILLIAM KNOWLES, of Round Hill Mill, Bolton, in the County
of Lancaster, Cotton Spinner, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MULES FOR SPINNING AND DOUBLING," to be
as follows:-
The object of my Invention, which is particularly beneficial when
applied to mules for spinning or doubling yarn of fine numbers, is
to support the said yarns when they are stretched between the delivering
rollers and the spindles.
In mules of the usual construction the yarns are very liable to break
or become slack and to run into snarls, which snarls when wound on
the cop reduce the value of the yarn. Now my Invention consists in
supporting the yarns by means of a wire distended by arms or levers,
which are raised and lowered by a rail fixed to the floor, or in any other
convenient manner.

page_text: A convenient mode of performing my Invention is as follows, but I
wish it to be understood that the apparatus may be considerably
varied To the carriage of the mule are fixed bearings for a shaft sup-
porting a lever with an antifriction bowl running along a rail fixed to the
floor, and to the same shaft are fixed arms or levers supporting a wire.
As the carriage is going out the bowl runs down an incline on the guide
rail which raises the wire until it is brought up to the under side of the
yarn, where it remains until the stretch is complete. As the carriage
runs in the incline on the guide rail lowers the supporting wire to near
the top of the carriage, which is then free to go under the roller beam
as usual.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ELECTRO-TELEGRAPHY
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Walker at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 8th
September 1869.
I, THOMAS WALKER, of Robert Street, Chelsea, in the County of
Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN ELECTRO-TELEGRAPHY," to be as follows, that is to say :-
My improvements are as follows:-I use several conductors in a cable
separated from each other by means of cocoa-nut fibre or any other
suitable porous or non-porous material, or compounds of porous or non-
porous materials. I may thus transmit any number of messages at the
same time according to the number of conductors in the cable (without
the currents interfering with each other by induction) by means of
transmitting keys connected with batteries in such a manner as to cause
the currents to pass in opposite directions in the different conductors.
I use land lines constructed in the same manner as herein-before
described for subterraneous or other purposes; for aërial lines and single
cables I use a battery between the earth plates and instruments to
prevent the interference of earth currents or other influences. I

page_text: transmit characters by means of pointers passing over a metallic surface
drawn or written upon with insulating materials and recorded upon
chemically prepared paper or embossed by electro-magnets. I use
horizontal or suspended needle galvanometers with stops or set screws to
prevent vibration beyond what may be required; these stops or screws
may be placed so as to touch the needles or anything connected with
them. I use cocoa-nut fibre to cover single conductors or cables, or a
compound of cocoa-nut fibre and other fibrous material, or the conductor
or conductors may be placed externally to the rope of cocoa-nut fibre or
compound.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF WHEELS FOR CARRIAGES
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Marshall at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 27th
April 1869.
I, RICHARD MARSHALL, of Burnley, in the County of Lancaster, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE CONSTRUCTION OF WHEELS FOR CARRIAGES," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to improvements in the construction of wheels
for carriages and vehicles of all descriptions to be used upon ordinary
roads, and consists in a novel and peculiar combination of a metallic
nave or boss with spokes or arms of wood, and a felloe or rim either of
the ordinary construction or of a single piece of wood bent in the form of
a circle, and surrounded by an iron hoop or tire.
The metallic nave (which may be made of malleable cast iron or
other suitable metal) is composed of two parts in the form of discs or
circular plates perforated through the centre. One of these discs is
formed or cast with a short tube or boss in the centre, which forms the
axle box or bearing, and the other has its central hole sufficiently large
to pass over the end of the tube or boss which is cast or formed on the

page_text: former. The axle box or tube may be lined or bushed with brass if
preferred. The inner surfaces of the discs are provided with annular
projections, which take a firm hold of the inner ends of the spokes, and
the latter are so formed that when laid together round the central tube
or boss their inner ends form a solid core between the two outer plates
or discs of the nave, and all the spokes radiate truly from the centre.
In constructing the wheel the disc with the short tube is laid on the
work bench or other convenient place, and the spokes being arranged
in proper position with the tube projecting through their centre the
other disc or washer is placed over the end of the tube, and the whole is
bolted together by small bolts passing at intervals through both plates
between the inner ends. of the spokes. The rim or felloe and the tire
are then applied in the usual manner and the wheel is complete. In
some cases also I propose to place washers of sheet india-rubber between
the ends of the spokes and the inner faces of the metallic discs, and if
preferred the latter may be furnished with radial projections or ribs,
between which the inner ends of the spokes are placed.
Wheels made according to my improved construction will be found to
be much stronger than those formed in the usual way, and a great
economy of time and labor (and consequently in the cost of their
manufacture) will be effected.
IMPROVEMENTS IN TEA AND COFFEE URNS
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Thomas Hughes at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
12th May 1569. A communication from abroad by George Jones,
of the City and County of New Haven, United States of America.
I, EDWARD THOMAS HUGHES, of the Firm of Hughes and Son,
Patent Agents, 123, Chancery Lane, London, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN TEA AND COFFEE URNS,"
a communication to me from abroad by George Jones, of the City and
County of New Haven, United States of America, to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to improvements on an Invention for " Im-
provements in Tea and Coffee Pots," for which a Patent was granted to
me, dated the 28th November 1867, No. 3370, a communication from
abroad by the said George Jones.
In that Invention it will be observed that there is communication
for the water recess for packing at the top of the pot into the
pot below, so that when the pot is inclined so as to discharge through
the spout, the water from the said space will pass out into the spout
or down into the pot, this is necessary in the pot, but in an urn in which

page_text: the tea or coffee is drawn through a cock or faucet, it is not necessary
to tip the urn, hence the communication from the water joint out or down
is not required, as will be seen by the following description of an urn
of this construction, reference being had to the accompanying Drawing
shewing a vertical central section through the urn. A is the cylinder or
body of an urn; B, a chamber formed at the top of the urn entirely around
its edge space, being left in the centre for the insertion of the cylinder
C with its perforated bottom D, and of the shorter cylinder E with its
perforated bottom F, which serves as a sprinkler and operates in the
same manner as in the Patent before referred to. The space B is filled
with water and the cover G set on to the urn so that its flange a will
extend down into the water into the chamber B and thus form a water
joint. H is the faucet or cock by means of which the tea or coffee is
drawn from the urn.
AN IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR WORKING THE SIGNALS AND SWITCHES OR POINTS OF RAILWAYS
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Eugène Bemelmans and Alfred
Van Volxem at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 2nd June 1869.
We, EUGÈNE BEMELMANS and ALFRED VAN VOLXEM, of Brussels,
in the Kingdom of Belgium; do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "AN IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR WORKING THE SIGNALS AND
SWITCHES OR POINTS OF RAILWAYS," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is so to construct an apparatus for
working the switches and signals at the junction of two lines of railway
that collisions will be impossible, even should the pointsman or signal-
man become inattentive to bis duties through overwork, as is often
now the case.
To effect this object we employ a series of longitudinal bars (having
notches or grooves cut in them of different forms and dimensions,) and
connected with the levers of the switch mechanism, and also with that
of the signals. These bars are connected (and give motion by means of
elbow or bell-crank levers) to a series of transverse bars, which also have
cut in thein notches or grooves, which work into and correspond with
the notches or grooves on the longitudinal bars, so that the whole

page_text: system of bars and levers is connected together. By this mechanism
being arranged and combined in this manner any mistake in working
the signals that would be likely to lead to a collision is entirely pre-
vented, as when one bar is drawn by the pointsman the others are acted
upon, and will work the other switches and signals and bring them into
such a position that an approaching train cannot pass until the points
arc altered,
It will now be understood that when the pointsman or signalman has
worked the apparatus to allow of the passage of a train in a certain
direction, he will (by the same movement, owing to the connection of
the levers and bars,) have fixed "at danger" all signals that would
allow a second train to come into collision in any way with the first.
The whole of the apparatus is fitted in the floor of the signal box for
more convenient working, and the levers and longitudinal bars are con-
nected with the signals by wires guided by pullies, and with the switches
by means of rods in the ordinary manner.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN APPARATUS FOR PROPELLING RAILWAY CARRIAGES, TRUCKS, AND OTHER VEHICLES
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Sydney Foye Shore at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with bis Petition, on the 12th
April 1869.
I, SYDNEY FOYE SHORE, of Balance Hill, Uttoxeter, in the County of
Stafford, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN APPARATUS FOR PROPELLING RAILWAY CARRIAGES, TRUCKS, AND OTHER
VEHICLES," to be as follows:-
The object of the present Invention is to provide efficient mechanical
means whereby manual power may be applied to give motion to or
propel railway carriages, trucks, and vehicles in railway stations,
shuntings, and other places when and at such times as they are not
in connection with other locomotive power, whereby the necessity for
connecting horses is dispensed with, and accidents to drivers of horses
on railways are obviated. I have a toothed wheel with handle or crank
attached, such wheel taking into a pinion on a shaft which works in
suitable bearings beneath the carriage or truck, such shaft being provided
with a worm or screw gearing with a toothed wheel, usually horizontal,

page_text: gearing with another toothed wheel on the axle of two of the wheels
of the carriage, truck, or vehicle. Lever gearing and spring are used
to throw the arrangement in and out of gear. By turning the handle
of the first-named wheel locomotion will be effected.
AN IMPROVED POTTERS' GLAZE AND SEGGAR WASH
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Bettison at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 16th
September 1869.
I, WILLIAM BETTISON, of the Firm of Griffiths, Bettison, & Co., of
Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, Merchants, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED POTTERS' GLAZE AND
SEGGAR WASH," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists essentially in the employment of phosphate of
lime, preferably in combination or admixture with any of the substances
or compounds at present used for glazing articles of earthenware and
coating seggars.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY POR CUTTING OR DIVIDING METAL OR OTHER SHEETS
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Marquis and Alexander
Burnett Marquis at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 29th November 1869.
We, GEORGE MARQUIS and ALEXANDER BURNETT MARQUIS, both of
Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North Britain, Engineers, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY
POR CUTTING OR DIVIDING METAL OR OTHER SHEETS," to be as follows, that is
to say :-
This Invention relates to improved machinery designed for cutting or
dividing a number of sheets at once of tinned plate into sizes suitable for
making small boxes or tins, but which is also applicable for cutting or.
dividing metal or other sheets for various purposes.
A massive cast-iron table or pedestal is used to carry the cutting and
adjusting details, and to contain within it the gearing requisite for
applying sufficient power from a first-motion shaft. The first-motion
shaft has on it fast-and-loose pulleys to receive a driving belt from any
convenient prime mover, and the fast pulley transmits its motion
through a frictional or other clutch worked by a hand lever to a pinion
gearing with a wheel on one of three shafts contained within the

page_text: pedestal. These three shafts are geared together by pinions and spur
wheels so as to reduce the speed and increase the force, and the third
shaft has cranks or eccentrics fixed on each end, from which connecting
rods extend up to a cross head working in guides. A massive steel
knife or cutter is fixed to the cross head, and has its cutting edge
slightly inclined in the direction of its length. The table surface is
made with a step so that the part behind the knife is slightly higher,
and the knife is guided so as to cut down past the rectangular corner of
the step, and as closely as possible in contact with its vertical face.
Behind the knife there is a gripping bar, which is adjusted down upon
the sheets by a vertical screw so as to hold them firmly whilst being
cut; and on the back part of the table top there is a fence, which is
adjustable backwards or forwards by a horizontal screw, and against
which the back edges of the sheets are set, the size cut being determined
thereby.
The machinery may be modified by substituting worm and worm
wheel gearing for that herein-before described, or by arranging the steam
or other motive engine details upon the same framing in order to obtain
a more direct action.
IMPROVEMENTS IN FASTENINGS APPLICABLE TO LADIES' STAYS, GLOVES, BOOTS, AND OTHER SIMILAR ARTICLES
Year: 1869

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Brookes, of. 33, Sherlock Street, Bir-
mingham, in the County of Warwick, for the Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN FASTENINGS APPLICABLE TO LADIES' STAYS, GLOVES,
BOOTS, AND OTHER SIMILAR ARTICLES."
Scaled the 25th February 1870, and dated the 22nd November 1869.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION filed by the said John Brookes at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition and
Declaration, on the 22nd November 1869, pursuant to the 9th
Section of the Patent Law Amendment Act, 1852.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOHN
BROOKES, of 33, Sherlock Street, Birmingham, in the County of Warwick,
send greeting.
WHEREAS I am in possession of an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
FASTENINGS APPLICABLE TO LADIES' STAYS, GLOVES, FOOTS, AND OTHER SIMILAR.
ARTICLES," and have petitioned Her Majesty to grant unto me, my
executore, administrators, and assigns, Her Royal Letters Patent for the
same, and, have made solemn Declaration that I am the true and first
Inventor thereof.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE that I, the said John Brookes, do hereby declare
that the following Complete. Specification, under my hand and seal,
fully describes and ascertains the nature of the said Invention, and
in what manner the same is to be performed, in and by the following
statement thereof, that is to say :-
This Invention consists of a flexible fastening or tab, and in the
accompanying Drawing is shewn its application to a pair of ordinary
metal busks for ladies' stays. A, A, show the busks; B, B, B, B, the
tals ar fastenors; C, C, C, C, the studs.
The ordinary fasteners now in use are made entirely of metal, are
rigid and inflexible, and from their construction it is impossible to.
release one at a time, but the whole must be fastened or unfastened at
once, and this under certain circumstances at great inconvenience to
the wearer.
Now by my Invention this inconvenience is obviated by rendering the
tabs (B) flexible, which is accomplished by forming them of leather,
cloth, and velvet, and other suitable materials so combined and arranged.
as may be found necessary. A thin metallic rim is formed around the
anterior portion or free end of the tab, and the tab is rivetted to the
metal busk, as shewn, leaving that portion marked D flexible and hinge-
like, so that the tabs. could be unfastened from the studs one at a time
as required. A perforation is made in the tab or fastener, as shewn, to
fit on to the stud. When this tab or fastener is applied to gloves, boots,
and other similar articles it would be composed of india-rubber or other
suitable material,
What I claim as my Invention is, the manufacturing these fasteners
or tabs of a flexible material, such as leather, india-rubber, cloth, and
velvet bound with a thin metallic rim, as shewn, leaving a portion
flexible and hinge-like as before described, and as shewn on Drawing.
In. witness whereof, I, the said John Brookes, have hereunto set.
my hand and seal, this Twenty-second day of November, in the
year of our Lord Qne thousand eight hundred and sixty-nine.
IMPROVEMENTS IN FINISHING WOOLLEN CLOTHS AND MIXED FABRICS
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Smith at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents,, with his Petition, on the 11th.
March 1869.
I, GEORGE SMITH, of Headingley, in the County of York, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN FINISHING
WOOLLEN CLOTHS AND MIXED FABRICS," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in the finish of
woollen cloth and mixed fabrics. The materials I use are British and
foreign gums, dextrin and gum senegal or gum tragacanth with
refined sulphate of indigo which I grind and sift into a very fine powder.
in which state it may be sold for use. I proceed by preference to make
a syrupy solution with six parts (by weight) of dextrin, one part gum
senegal, or one part gum tragacanth, one part of refined soluble indigo
mixed with eight parts (by weight) of water, which I boil till all is
dissolved. This solution will have to be made weaker by the consumer
adding water to suit the quality of cloth to be operated upon and applied
(in the heated state) in the same way, and by the same kind of machines
which have been used to apply flour paste heretofore for the same
purpose (but which does not answer,) flour paste being insoluble and

page_text: acting only as a surface dressing becoming putrescent and loosing its
stiffening properties and being subject to other defects; but my solution
being perfectly soluble and always applied hot enters into the body of
the cloth and makes it of one uniform thickness and colour, no streaks
are to be seen, and there is no waste in the use of it, for as the cloth only
absorbs as much as is required to saturate it no new blend is required,.
it being only necessary to add more gum liquor as the goods. absorb it,
and the process can thus be carried on for weeks and months together..
This solution is used for those kinds of goods especially which will not
stand or bear the milling or fulling process, which goods would chafe to.
pieces in the stocks or milling machines. This preparation effectually
felts the warp and woof together. The cloth will wear much longer and:
no sour unpleasent smell is felt by the wearer, nor paste seen on the
cloth after a good shower of rain, as is the case when flour paste is
used for the purpose.. All fabrics which pass through this solution.
are rendered firm and pliable textures, free from smell, and all but
waterproof.
IM- PROVEMENTS IN BANJOS AND CERTAIN OTHER STRINGED INSTRUMENTS
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Temlett at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 20th
November 1869.
I, WILLIAM TEMLETT, of Union Street, Borough, in the County of
Surrey, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN BANJOS AND CERTAIN OTHER STRINGED INSTRUMENTS," to be as
follows:-
My Invention relates to improvements in the construction of banjos
and other similar stringed instruments, such as guitars and violins, by
which the tone of such instruments may be greatly strengthened or
increased in power.
In carrying out my Invention as applied to banjos I enclose the hoop
which usually forms the body of the instrument, and upon which the
vellum is stretched, in an outer casing or sound box. In banjos as
usually made the body of the instrument is open at back, but by the
improved construction of my Invention I employ a back with double
sides formed by the inner and outer hoop or casing. The inner hoop or
frame I prefer to make of less depth than usual so as to extend but a
short distance within the outer box or casing. The latter is fitted on to

page_text: said inner hoop by means of narrow blocks or wedges glued or otherwiso
fixed at intervals round the inside of the outer casing. The inner edges
of these blocks bear against and clip the circumference of the inner hoop,
which is held firmly thereby. The perch of the neck instead of passing
through the inner hoop (viz., that which carries the vellum) as in
ordinary banjos is carried below it and passes through the sides of the
outer casing, to which it is secured in any suitable manner. The tail
piece of the instrument (to which the strings are attached) is connected
to the end of the perch as usual. The means of attachment however in
this case pass down between the inner hoop and casing, and (the perch
being connected to the outer casing as before described) serve to kcep
the latter securely in position. By releasing the strings the outer casing
may be removed if required to renew the vellum or for other purpose.
In order to regulate the tension of the vellum I employ movable screws
taking into brackets on the inner hoop, and operated from the front by
means of a suitable key or spanner, instead of employing screw nuts
working on fixed screws as hitherto and adjusted at the back of the
instrument. The space between the inner and outer casings may be
enclosed by a suitable ring of fretwork or other open ornament which
will not impede the exit of the sound.
In applying my Invention to guitars, violins, and other similar stringed
instruments having enclosed backs I remove the back and enclose the
body of the instrument in an outer casing or box consisting of a back
and sides secured in plaee by means of blocks or wedges as before
described.
AN IMPROVED PAVING FOR ROADS AND TRAMWAYS
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by David Simpson Price at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
12th March 1869.
I, DAVID SIMPSON PRICE, of No. 26, Great George Street, West-
minster, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED PAVING FOR ROADS AND TRAMWAYS," to
be as follows:-
My Invention consists in the use of blocks of cast iron, the surface or
surfaces of which are hardened by the process of "chilling," or which
are made of the description of cast iron for which Letters Patent were
granted to myself and E. C. Nicholson, bearing date 20 November 1855,
No. 2618. The depth to which the upper or wearing surface of the
blocks is chilled will depend upon the extent of the traffic to which they
will be subjected, thus, for instance, when the blocks are to be used in
a road in the metropolis where the traffic is very heavy, as, for instance,
on London Bridge, I should chill the upper surface to the depth of from
one to three inches. When the blocks are employed in the form of a
box channel I should by preference only chill the upper surface. Such

page_text: upper surface may be cast either smooth or with projections, and the
blocks may either be secured together end to end or not as may be found
most desirable. The moulds in which these blocks are cast are provided
with chilling surfaces arranged in a well-known manner for chilling
castings, and corresponding with the surfaces of the blocks that are
required to be chilled.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPLYING HEAT AND IN APPLYING MOTIVE POWER
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Hastie at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 27th September
1869.
I, JOHN HASTIE, of Greenock, in the County of Renfrew, North
Britain, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPLYING HEAT AND IN APPLYING MOTIVE POWER," to be
as follows:-
This Invention has for its object to obtain increased economy and
efficiency in applying heat and in obtaining motive power, the heat
being obtained as ordinarily by the combustion of any convenient solid,
liquid, or gaseous fuel.
In the ordinary modes of applying heat for raising steam to drive
steam engines and for various other purposes a very large proportion of
the heat generated is allowed to pass off wastefully with the fire gases
up the chimney, and it is by reducing the waste thus indicated that it is
proposed to secure economy in carrying out the present Invention.
It has been proposed to work motive-power engines by the gaseous
products of combustion, but the heat of these products is so great

page_text: that their direct use involves the rapid destruction of the apparatus
employed. The defects and difficulties thus indicated are proposed to be
avoided according to the present Invention by effecting the combustion
of the fuel in a closed vessel supplied by means of a pump with the
necessary air, and by leading the gaseous products of combustion directly
into or amongst water or other convenient liquid or substance through
a perforated pipe or other appliance, which will disperse them throughout
the liquid or substance. If the object is simply to heat the liquid it
may be in an open vessel, but if it is desired to raise steam for motive
power or other purposes the liquid must be in a closed vessel or boiler.
Steam raised in this way will be mixed with the gaseous products of
combustion, but the temperature of the latter will be moderated and the
mixture may be used to drive a motive-power engine without injuring
the apparatus. The gaseous products of combustion may be used alone
for driving a motive-power engine or otherwise when passed through a
liquid or substance which it does not evaporate, and the liquid.or
substance heated by the gaseous products of combustion may be used
as a heating medium by being passed through pipes or otherwise applied
in any convenient way.
Im-. PROVEMENTS IN OBTAINING POWER
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Thomas at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 24th
November 1869.
I, WILLIAM THOMAS, of Llanelly, in the County of Carmarthen, South
Wales, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "Im-.
PROVEMENTS IN OBTAINING POWER," to be as follows:-
The object of my Invention is to increase the power or velocity of
wheels, and consequently to obtain an increased power from such wheels
as fly wheels, water wheels, and such other motors as require to be driven
or caused to revolve.
My Invention consists in applying to such wheels additional or other
wheels combined together, say four wheels and four wheels in each
series or set, and a series of, say, four of the same series or sets for each
wheel, sixteen wheels for example, and these additional wheels not only
decrease the friction but also increase the power.
The second part of my Invention consists in the employment of a
keeper & washer for protecting the main or power shaft from gaining
an undue speed at either end. I also employ a screw bolt to steady the

page_text: second size wheel shafts of which there are 4; and further I employ a
bolt to steady the shaft of the antifriction or additional wheels, of which
there are 16, and this shaft must be somewhat countersunk to receive
the point of the bolt and to prevent the shaft from revolving. I also
connect the second size or antifriction wheels so as to bring them to
work in unison therewith: The small or antifriction wheels are sus-
pended from plates and are provided with troughs, grooves, or receptacles
for oil or othe lubricating material. The second size wheels are also
provided with similar troughs or grooves.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MEANS OR APPARATUS USED IN CURING OR PRESERVING ANIMAL SUBSTANCES, WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE ALSO APPLICABLE IN CLEANSING AND IMPREGNATING VEGETABLE SUBSTANCES
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Jones at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 28th
January 1869.
I, RICHARD JONES, of Botolph Lane, in the City of London, Merchant,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MEANS OR APPARATUS USED IN CURING OR PRESERVING ANIMAL SUBSTANCES, WHICH
IMPROVEMENTS ARE ALSO APPLICABLE IN CLEANSING AND IMPREGNATING VEGETABLE
SUBSTANCES," to be as follows:-
The object of the Invention is, first, to facilitate the process of curing
or preserving animal substances. For this purpose the animal substance
to be cured is placed in a suitably sized tank capable of being closed
air-tight and which is also filled with brine or curing matter supplied
from a suitable reservoir, and then I withdraw a portion of the liquids
from the interior of the tank and the animal matters therein, and thereby
facilitate the impregnation of the brine or curing matter. The method
I adopt for obtaining the desired exhaustion is by the use of a pipe
descending from the tank to, say, about 32 feet into an open well or
receiver. The pipe is kept closed by a suitable tap or valve until the
tank is filled and closed air-tight, then by opening the tap or valve the

page_text: weight of the column of liquid in the pipe will produce the desired
extent of exhaustion, so as to cause the brine or curing matter at once to
flow into the tissues and passages of the matter under operation. The
improvements are applicable in washing and impregnating vegetable
substances. The supply of the brine, or curing, or cleansing, or im-
pregnating matter may be from a suitable reservoir, and advantage taken
of the pressure arising from the height of the reservoir above the supply
or otherwise. The matters under operation are supported on reticulate
or openwork shelves in the tank. The operations may be repeated.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR DRIVING SEWING MACHINES BY ELECTRO- MAGNETISM
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Thomas Evans Lundy
and Thomas Hood at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 30th January 1869.
We, THOMAS EVANS LUNDY and THOMAS Hood, both of 162°, City
Road, in the County of Middlesex, Electricians and Telegraph
Engineers, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR DRIVING SEWING MACHINES BY ELECTRO-
MAGNETISM," to be as follows:-
We connect by any of the usual methods of attachment and to the
most convenient parts of a sewing machine an apparatus constructed
substantially according to the following description:-We fix an
armature to an ordinary electro-magnet by means of a real magnet at
the bottom (or in any other suitable position) of the electro-magnet, and
by this means the poles of the upper magnet become permanently
magnetized. When a current arrives it demagnetizes the electro-magnet,
and the armature at once rises, but so soon as the current has passed
through the coils and completed its work in the apparatus the power
of the real magnet again acts upon the electro-magnet, and the

page_text: armature is again fixed. In order to regulate the speed we place iron
armatures or bars across a portion of the surface of the pole of the lower
magnet. By this arrangement motion is obtained through magnetic
adhesion, which we communicate through any of the usual and well-
known mechanical arrangements to sewing machines for the purpose of 5
driving them.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS EMPLOYED IN FILLING BOTTLES OR OTHER RECEIVERS WITH AERATED LIQUIDS
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Doo Rawlings at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
15th March 1869.
I, HENRY DOO RAWLINGS, of Nassau Street, Portland Place, in the
County of Middlesex, Soda and Mineral Water Manufacturer, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS
EMPLOYED IN FILLING BOTTLES OR OTHER RECEIVERS WITH AERATED LIQUIDS," to
be as follows:-
The object of the Invention is to afford increased facilities in the
process of filling bottles and other receivers with aerated liquid. For
this purpose the neck of the holder of the bottles or other receivers used
during the filling and corking processes is capable of being open through
a suitable tap or valve to exhaust apparatus as well as to the aerated
liquid to be supplied to the bottle or other receiver, by which the
atmospheric air contained in the receiver may first be withdrawn, and
then whilst the interior of the bottle or other receiver is in a state of
exhaustion the aerated liquid may be supplied thereto.

page_text: I find a single tap with ways to open to the respective passages a
convenient method of regulating the passage, first to the exhaust, and
then from the supply of the aerated liquid, but I do not confine myself
thereto.
Pressure gauges may be employed to indicate the extent of vacuum
IMPROVEMENTS IN TOOTHED GEARING
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Long Wrey at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 20th March 1869.
I, WILLIAM LONG WREY, of the United Service Institution, West-
minster, in the County of Middlesex, Gentleman, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN TOOTHED GEARING,"
to be as follows:-
Instead of using toothed wheels one gearing with the other as
ordinarily practised I use one toothed wheel of any ordinary or suitable
form or construction, and to gear therewith I construct another wheel
which has two rings or circular frames, between which I arrange a
number of rotating rollers or moving bars of any suitable form cor-
As the teeth of the wheel
responding with the teeth of the wheel.
take into the rollers or bars the same move on their axes, and thus
the action of the teeth being on a yielding and not on a rigid body
friction is reduced to a minimmum. The number of wheels, their sizes,
and general arrangements, may be varied according to the circumstances

page_text: of the gearing required. And the Invention may be applied to rack
work and toothed gearing if found desirable, the roller wheel being
replaced by a roller rack, or the toothed wheel replaced by the roller
or moving bar wheel above described.