Improvements in and relating to Means and Appliances for Testing and Recording the Characteristics or Properties of Flour and Dough.
Year: 1891

page_text: Date of Application, 20th Apr., 1.91
Complete Specification Left, 18th Feb., 1892-Accepted, 9th Apr., 1892
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and relating to Means and Appliances for Testing
and Recording the Characteristics or Properties of Flour and
Dough.
1. JAMES HOGARTH, of West Mills, Kirkcaldy, Fife-hire. Miller and Corn
Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
-
This invention has reference to and comprises certain improvements upon or
relating to the means and appliances used in my new system of testing and
recording the characteristics or properties of flour and dough described in the
Specification of my Patent No. 16389 Octr. 17 1889, and has mainly for its
object to simplify and improve the construction and action of said appliances and
render them more beneficially useful.
A first improvement consists in dispensing with a separate diagram cylinder and
converting the dynamometer into a combined long diagram cylinder and dynamometer
preferably either of the bevel or spur gear construction described in the Specification
of said former patent. The marking pencil would be made to travel at a slow
uniform rate or speed by a reducing screw or other gear parallel to the axis of the
dynamometer cylinder which would give the differential line diagrams on the divided
paper in the circumferential direction from the zero line upwards all in a direct
manner on this cylinder according to the stiffness of the dough and power required
to drive the mixer connecting the cord and spring tangentially direct from the
dynamometer or cylinder without the separate diagram barrel and its gearing
required in the arrangements described in the Specification of the former
Patent.
Another improvement consists in a more simple arrangement of the fittings in
connection with the vertical parallel cylinder of water for delivering a uniform
quantity of the water from same and feed it to the dough mixer during the time of
taking the diagrams; and this consists in connecting to the lower part of the said
cylinder a flexible tube of an inverted siphon or U-shape of uniform area and with
a horizontal delivery tube or nozzle at its outer free end, this delivery tube being
lowered at a uniform rate proportionate to a revolution of the diagram barrel by a
cord wound off a barrel of the machine or by a screw, rack, or other equivalent;
or the delivery nozzle of the flexible tube might be kept stationary and the
measuring cylinder raised at a uniform rate to deliver the water through the syphon
tube, both arrangements depending on delivering the water at the uniform change
of level in the parallel cylinder and nozzle, which is the same, at each increment
of time and motion in both the delivery tube and in the cylinder. Otherwise,
instead of a flexible tube a rigid tube might be made to work up through a stuffing
box in the bottom of the cylinder and a guide at the open top, with a hole or holes
through the internal tube, and the cylinder be made to move on this tube or the
tube within the cylinder, the water flowing down from the level in the cylinder
through the central tube to the delivery nozzle. And the water cylinder may be
bored to a uniform size fully larger than that usually required for one revolution
of the diagram barrel. To reduce this area of the cylinder and the measured
quantity of water to be delivered while taking a diagram, different sized parallel
wires or rods may be introduced vertically into the cylinder.
Under another arrangement the water may be regularly and intermittently fed
to the dough mixer from the lower end of a glass tube or other overheal cistern
through a rotating tap or valve rotate! by a wheel or pulley on its outral having
a pitch chain passed over it operati from a wheel on the seren spuituating
the pointer or other regularly turned spin lie of the michim. Thi

page_text: with a series of cavities or recesses round its circumference into which the water
is fed from the glass tube or cistern above, and delivered at its central lowest part
into a tube leading to the dough mixing vessel. By another arrangement the
water may be similarly regularly and intermittently fed and regulated from the
overhead tube or cistern through a vertical lift spring closing valve at its lower
end. The spindle of the valve passes down to and is actuated or lifted intermit-
tently against the action of the spring by the one end of a horizontal oscillating
lever or tappet, the other end of lever being actuated by a tappet or tappets on
the spindle of a wheel, rotated by the before mentioned or equivalent regularly
rotated pitch chain. By another arrangement a segmental cavity or tube might
be mounted round wheel arms and a boss on a spindle turned by a pitch chain as
before mentioned, which as slowly turned would deliver the water as it rose to the
upper inner surface of the cavity or tube down through a small open ended tube
in one of the arms leading into the hollow eye of the spindle which might deliver
the water out through a stuffing box tube in a slow constant manner into the dough
mixing vessel. Or this wheel might deliver the water over the highest bottom of
the channel made narrow for that purpose down the forward side, or through a
small siphon or clastic tube up to a delivery nozzle at the level of the periphery of
the water cavity, where this tube might be made liquid tight with a rubber ferrule
or other equivalent when the tube was made stationary and not turned with the
wheel. Under another arrangement a chain wheel might turn a screw nut on a
screw spindle on the outer end of a liquid tight piston working in a bored steel or
iron cylinder filled with mercury, the screw end of the spindle and mut being
carried on a bracket in the axial line of the cylinder. The inner end of the
cylinder would be fitted with a vertical stuffing box and parallel small glass tube
for containing water on the top of the mercury filled in by a small funnel at the
top of the tube, which a little below the top would have a delivery spout for
delivering the water into the vessel of the dough mixer; and as the piston was
slowly screwed in the mercury would rise up the glass tube at a uniform rate and
deliver the water also uniformly into the dough mixer. The glass tube would
be divided lineally into inches or increments of inches on one side, and the rise of
the surface level of the mercury would show the amount delivered during any
period of the regular turning of the machine.
Instead of making the dynamometer barrel to be the diagram paper barrel it
might be made with toothed wheels at opposite ends to gear into racks formed on
the back of a traversing diagram card board, and be differentially raised or lowered
proportionally to the dynamometer, and have the pencil traversed over or in front
of this diagram table on which the papers would be mounted by spring clips or other
equivalent at the ends and act and trace the diagram, otherwise all substantially as
described in reference to the barrel arrangement; or the diagram may be traversed
horizontally and the pencil reciprocate over its surface, or the diagram may be
stationary and the pencil traverse horizontally and vertically over it."
A further improvement consists in the use of dilute acetic, lactic, or equivalent
acids, or solutions of alcohol, and of sodium chloride, or of yeast or yeast, water,
and solutions of the four or its soluble albuminoids which is being tested, for
determining the amount of degradation in the gluten when exposed to their action,
this being introduced into the water fed into the kneading machine.
Underneath the pointer a division bar would or may be fitted with division
longitudinal sales marked on it indicating the quantity of water, the percentage
of water in relation to the four, and the theoretical yil of Inead; and the seale
of strains in this case would be engraved eircumferentially on the surface of the
cylinder from the zero line at starting and towards the finish of the diagram.
This apparatus may also be used for measuring consistency of dough to any
given standard by adding flour to any given quantity of water, acids, or other
ingredients before mentioned until the consistency required is recorded by the
machine. Comparison can thus be made between the different quantities of the
various qualities of flour required to produce this result.

page_text: Under another arrangement of my improvements 1 construct the kneader in the
form of a deep hollow vessel, preferably of cylindrical shape, with an annular
series of vertical pins or blades projecting up from its bottom and carried on a
vertical spindle, while the stirrer or agitator would consist of a number of radial
arms, or a disc mounted on a vertical spindle, preferably concentrically, but it
might be eccentrically in line with the lower spindle, and carrying a corresponding
series of annular vertical pins or blades working in a circular path in the spaces
down between the pins or blades of the kneading vessel. Either of these vertical
spindles may be driven by a pulley and band at a uniform speed as the water was
being fed at a uniform rate to the Bour in the kneading vessel, and the other
pindle wodd have a cord, wire, or light pitch chain passed round a circular pulley
or wheel or other equivalent on it, or it might be round the kneading vessel itself
when that was concentric, having one end fixed thereto, and the other end attached
to a spring or spring barrel, so as to differentially move a pencil or marking
pointer over a regular traversel diagram paper, or move the barrel or surface
with the diagram paper differentially, while a pencil or marker was traversed
regularly over it, and thus in either case produce a graphical diagram of the power
taken approximately to knead a sample of flour or dough in a given time with a
uniform feed of water. The spring or spring barrel may move a lover or wheel
graring to actuate an inlex pointer on a straight or circular divided ise to indicate
the power being taken to knead the dough, and especially the maximum power
taken, in the same manner as the pointer of a steam pressure gauge indicates
pressure. Instead of driving the one spindle direct as described, having the
other attached by the cord to the spring, the one set of stirrers and their spindles
may be fixed, and the other spindle be driven through a dynamometer, to one
barrel of which the cord and spring would be attached for producing the
diagram.
Instead of using a spiral, helical, or coiled spring to act against the power of the
dynamometer to give approximately divided distances on the graphical diagram
paper, proportionate to the force in pounds exerted in mixing the dough and
indicated by the dynamometer as described in the Specification of the said former
Patent by further improvements I accomplish this more accurately by improved
arrangements of an accumulative or differential increasing weight or weights. One
arrangement of carrying this out, consists in mounting on a frame below the
platform of the machine carrying the dynamometer or barrel of the graphical
diagram paper, and attaching the cord wound round it as before described to a
form of piston worked in a cylinder a little larger in diameter than the piston.
This cylinder would be open at the upper end and close at the lower end to act as
a steadiment and air cushion for preventing jar in the working of the piston and
cord, while the different strains were on it. A cord from the lower side of this
piston would pass down through a small hole in the bottom of the cylinder
tangentially down to and round a grooved quadrant mounted on a transverse boss
with radial web leading down to a weight supported at the lower end of the
quadrant in the normal or zero position of the diagram barrel and quadrant with
the centre of gravity of the weight vertically below the axis of the quadrant. Th
cord would preferably be carried round and up the back web and adjusted by
small screw spindle and jam nuts to bring all to their normal zero position. The
grooved quadrant might be formed in various ways as by turning the quadrant and
mounting on it side segmental plates to form the groove; and the boss of the
quadrant might be mounted in fine steel centres with screw adjustable jam nuts, or
on a steel spindle mounted in antifriction rollers or on a slotted rocking centre in
the sides of a box. When the machine was started and the dough increased in
stiffness, the dynamometer would wind up the cord and turn the quadrant and
weight up, the weight always increasing as it rose from the normal position below
the fulcrum towards the tangential position of the cond under the cylinder. But
by preference the quadrant would be made of such a size that it and the weight

page_text: and cord would not require to turn more than sixty degrees upwards from the
vertical position, so as to give approximately equal distances of leverage for equal
pounds of pressure of increase in weight. A cord would preferably be wound
round a grooved pulley on the diagram cylinder or on the dynamometer barrel in
the opposite direction to that of the said weight cord, and have its free end passed
through a fixed bracket or other equivalent with a spiral spring at its end below
the bracket adjustable with a screw or other equivalent to act and maintain the
barrel or dynamometer at its said normal zero position. This spring would come
into action as the weight on the cord and quadrant lever fell to its normal lowest
zero position and prevent any sudden jerk of the weight and barrel in their back
reaction to this position, and this arrangement would be suitable for any or all of
the accumulative weights or differential acting springs. Or this weighted lever
might come back against a stretched rubber dise or cushion. By another arrange-
ment instead of using a cord, a toothed segment might be mounted on the eye or
axle of the weight carried on centres or antifriction rollers before mentioned, and
this toothed segment work up through a slot in the bed frame of the machine, and
be geared into a corresponding toothed wheel on the drum of the dynamometer, or
a spindle actuated through its differential pinions. This arrangement would be
very suitable for the simple arrangement of attaching the dynamometer direct to
the spindles of the dough mixing vessel without a separate indicating diagram
barrel, and suitable for being driven by a crank handle on one spindle of the
dynamometer; and a fixed radial pointer might be attached to one of the bearing
brackets or other fixed part of the frame, and have the divisions of pounds cut or
indicated on the radial end of the dynamometer barrel or on its outer periphery at
one side. By another arrangement a scroll or cam groove may be mounted on one
end of the barrel of the dynamometer or the diagram cylinder and have a cond
fixed to its inner periphery with a weight attached to its lower end guided down
past an antifriction pulley or pulleys or a slot in the top of trough so that the weight
may reciprocate in a vertical air or water cylinder or trough open at the top and
close at the bottom, which would steady the action of the weight in its up and down
motion, and prevent concussions when the weight fell to its lowest position and the
cord reached the inner radial position of its groove, coinciding with the normal
zero point before described, the weight increasing as the cord was wound on to the
greater periphery of its scroll giving nearly equal divisions on the periphery of the
barrel of the dynamometer or diagram eylinder. This differential weight movement
may also be effected by a reciprocating toothed rack working into a wheel or pinion
secured on the differential actuating barrel or spindle of the dynamometer, with an
antifriction pulley behind this toothed spindle or rack to keep it in gear with its
pinion with the least possible friction. The lower end of this rack spindle would
be fixed to a piston working fluid-tight down into a bored cylinder open at top but
close at bottom, filled with mercury; and this rack spindle might be hollow, as a
tube and open at both ends, and as the strain came on the dynamometer it would
turn this rack and hollow spindle downwards, and push the piston down into the
mercury in the cylinder, which would be forced up the hollow tube, increasing the
pressure on the mercury differentially as the piston descended, and rice versa as
the piston ascended and the power was reduced on the dynamometer in turning the
dough mixing machine. Instead of making the toothed rack piston rod hollow as
described it might be made solid, and have a lateral knee branch projecting out
from the lower end of the eslimler, or a chamber below it, and have a glass or
other tube fitted in the vertical end of this branch, so that as the piston descended
the mercury would rise in this separate tule, and as it rose, lower in this
separate tube and this tube when of glass might be divided and show the
height of the mercury during the whole process of mixing the dough. By another
arrangement the lower end of the solid rack might be attached to the upper end of
a hollow cylinder or plunger close at both ends, and made to reciprocate up and
down in a tubular cylinder or vessel open at the upper end but close at the lower

page_text: end, a little larger in diameter than the hollow plunger, so that as this plunger
descended the mercury in the lower onter vessel would ascend up the narrow
annular space between it and the outer vessel as the plunger descended, and so
differentially increase the pressure on the mercury below it, and rice rrea reduce
the pressure on the ascending of the plunger thus giving a differential weight effect
in any of these rack and pinion cases on the dynamometer proportionate to the
work being performed through it in kneading the dough. To increase the free
action of the dynamometer or spindle of the diagram barrel, and prevent friction
on these while being actuated by the accumulative weights, I mount their end
bosses with grooved screw bushes to rotate on sets or rings of antifriction steel balls
or pulleys.
A further improvement consists in a new or improved construction of the
dynamometer to make it more suitable for mounting the said gearing wheel or
wheels, or scroll cauis or pulleys for the wire cord on the differential revolving axis
for actuating the toothed racks, or other equivalent of the differential weights of
the dynamometer hereinbefore described. And these improvements consist in
forming one of the actuating shafts of the dynamometer, preferably the driving
shaft, hollow, while the driven shaft might either be solid or hollow, which actuates
the agitators of the mixing machine, and the hollow driven shaft might be actuated
either by gearing or by belt pulleys mounted on it. In this arrangement I mount
within the hollow shaft, a solid shaft or spindle, having cross arms at its inner end
carrying the axes of the differential bevel or spur pinions of the arrangements
described in the Specification of my said former Patent, gearing into and within or
between the driving and driven wheels of the dynamometer. The inner end of this
solid shaft may either be overhung at the cross arms or have a journal on its
extreme inner end, working into a hollow bearing in the adjacent end of the driven
shaft actuating the mixer. This solid shaft would project out beyond the extreme
end of the hollow driven shaft, preferably carried on journal bearings outside.
this projecting solid shaft would be mounted very conveniently any of the differential
acting scroll cams or gearing for actuating the accumulative or differential weights
of the dynamometer.
On
Further improvements have reference to the dough mixing machine, and consist
first in arrangements for heating or cooling or temporizing the mixing vessel, in
cold or warm weather respectively, to mix the dough at any desired temperature,
and one mode of effecting this consists in fitting a jacketed vessel round the mixing
vessel, close at bottom and round the sides, although it may be open on the top
side, and in supplying a enrrent of water to this outer vessel by a tube and tap
from any convenient source of supply of cold water; and in fitting within this
jacketed vessel an overflow pipe to maintain the supply water always at an uniforin
level. This water may be heated by a gas jet or Bunsen burner fitted below the
jacketed vessel, controlled by a tap or valve "to maintain the heat of the water in
the jacket at any desired temperature, and also heat the materials within the mixer
to the same or a proportionate temperature.
A further improvement consists in fitting a close lid on the upper part of the
mixing vessel, so constructed with bevelled sides that all evaporation of water from
the dough during the process of mixing, would be thrown back on the bevelli d
sides on to the dough again. In this case with the close lid, the nozzle of the
water tube supplying the water to the dough during the mixing, would be inserted
through a deep screw nipple, screwed into a socket in the upper part of the clo-e
cover, or it might be into a small water trap formed or fitted in the upper close part of
the lid; and this clo-e lid over the mixer would also be fitted with a screw or other
socket for inserting a cork or spigot for the insertion of the lower end tubes of two
thermometers, preferably of the positive indicating class which would respectively
show the maximum and minimum of temperature which had taken place within the
vessel during any single mixing, or sampling, and also the temperature at any time.
A thermometer might also be placed in the jacketed temporising vessel, which in

page_text: hot countries might be used as a cooler by circulating cold water through it to cool
the water and flour or material within the mixer when that was found desirable.
Dated the 19th April 1891.
W. R. M. THOMSON & Co.,
96, Buchanan Street, Glasgow, Agents.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and relating to Means and Appliances for Testing
and Recording the Characteristics or Properties of Flour and
Dough.
1. JAMES HOGARTH, of West Mills, Kirkcaldy, Fifeshire, Miller and Corn
Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of my invention and in what manner the
same is to be perforined, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement in writing, that is to say :-
This invention has reference to and comprises certain improvements upon or
relating to the means and appliances used in my new system of testing and recording
the characteristics or properties of flour and dough described in the Specification
of my Patent No. 16389 Octr. 17 1889, and has mainly for its object to simplify
and improve the construction and action of said appliances and render them more
beneficially useful.
And in order that my said invention and the manner of performing or carrying
the same into effect or practice may be properly understood, I have hereunto
appended six explanatory sheets of drawings in which the same reference letters and
numerals are used to indicate corresponding parts in all the figures where shown,
and as far as possible to corresponding parts and their letters of reference in the
Specification of the said former Patent, so that many of these parts will not herein
require to be particularly described.
Referring to Figures 1 and 2 on Sheet 1, which are respectively a sectional
elevation and plan, and to Figures 3 and 4 on Sheet 2 which are transverse sections
taken near the lines 1-1 and 2-2 in Figures! and 2 of an improved simplified
form of my machine, for testing the properties of flour shown in Figures 1, 2, and 6
of the drawings of my said former l'atent:-A first improvement of my invention
consists in dispensing with a separate diagram cylinder F and converting the
dynamometer D into a combined long diagram cylinder F and dynamometer D,
fitted preferably in its one end as shown in Figure 1 and either of the bevel or spur
gear construction described in reference to Figures 6, 7, and 8, 9 respectively of
the Specification of said former l'atent, the latter of which I have here shown as
fitted in the one end of the cylinder F. and have this cylinder F differentially
oscillated through the dynamometer D, by actuating it by the first motion shaft (
and centre pinion d through the pinions of the dynamometer D carrying their
studs ", and rotated loose in the pillow blocks A", A. In carrying this
arrangement into practice, I mount the whole on a light rectangular hollow plate
frame A, preferably secured on the top of a wooden open frame Z, of a convenient
height off the floor Z', for the operator to work the machine, as seen more
particularly in the end section Figure 3. On one end of the frame A³ I mount the
kneading machine A by its end bracket A, to the pillow block frame A, A",
screwed direct to the one end of the plate frame A. The bearing block A",
carries the one boss end F, of the diagram cylinder F, which also answers as the
end journal bearing of the shaft which drives the spindles a,, of the kneading
machine A, the other end of this shaft (, being carried in the inner boss D. of
the dynamometer case I), and secured to the internal toothed wheel of of the
dynamometer D, while the small spur pinion d of the dynamometer D, is securel
on the inner end of the first motion shaft C, rotating loose in the end boss F, of
the cylinder F, and dynamometer D. This first motion shaft is carried in the

page_text: bearing pillow blocks A, A, projecting up from the end standard piece A
secured to the opposite end of the basement plate A³, and actuated by its fast and
loose pulleys (". The differential helical spring E, as shown more particularly
in Figure 3, is here mounted in a vertical tube D' secured at D³ to the frame A;
and the fixed end E" of the spring E, is secured to the lower end D', of the tube D',
by an adjustable pinching screw E and the other moving end El of the spring
has the one end of the cord D attached to it and carried up and passed round the
cylinder F, the other end of the cord D, being attached to this cylinder F. Thus
while the first motion shaft (, is driven at a regular speed the diagram eylinder F
is turned or oscillated differentially according to the power taken to drive the
kneading machine A a, a', a", substantially as described in reference to Figure 10
of the Specification of the said former Patent. And which thus requires the
marking pencil or pointer e, to travel at a slow uniform rate or speed longitudinally
across the diagram paper X, X, by a screw spindle carried in bearing blocks A³, A*,
secured to the bed plate A³ the former A, of which is formed on the bracket A
so that the spindle may be driven by a bevel wheel and pinion the former
secured on the end of the screw shaft, and the other on a transverse spinille
carried in an eccentric bush bearing /*"", mounted in the bracket A', and turned by
a handle, the other end of the spindle, having a screw wheel mounted on it,
gearing into a screw c on the first notion shaft C, so as to drive the screw spindle,
at a slow uniform rate, and thus traverse the pencil or pointer e parallel to the axis
of the dynamometer cylinder F across the lines, which would give the differential
line diagrams on the divided paper, secured on it, in the circumferential direction
from the zero line oo upwards analogous to that shown in Figure 10 of the Specifi-
cation of the said former Patent, all in a direct manner on this cylinder F,
according to the stiffness of the dough and power required to drive the mixer A,
connecting the cord and spring tangentially direct from the dynamometer D, or
cylinder F, without the separate diagram barrel and its gearing required in the
arrangement described in the Specification of the former Patent. In this arrange-
ment the tracing pointer e is carried on the upper end of a spring blade, or it
might be a light weighted lever as shown in Fig. 1 on Sheet 6 having its lower
end screwed to a low traversing slide bracket working in a long planed guide
in the bed plate A³, as seen particularly in Figure 4. The upper arms of this
bracket are steadied by bush eyes on the outer circumference of the screw of the
spindle and a screw bush ", to work into this thread is mounted between these
arms on an eccentric spindle e', with a small weighted handle on one end,
which when turned in one direction keeps this bush always up into gear with the
screw thread of the spindle f. This traversing bracket carries a lateral hori-
zontal index plate y, with an open recess in it fitted with a sheet of mica or
glass in line with the pointer e. across which a hair line or fine wire is stretched,
and tightened up by the pinching serew at g to pass over one or more fixed or
adjustable divided scales s', s., mounted on the bed plate A just below the
traversing plate g, gl, so as to be adjustable to set the pointer e to start forming the
graphic diagram at zero on these scales and the paper, and by the hair line read
on the scales s', the space traversed and time taken by the pointer, and the quantity
of water used, as will hereinafter be described. Thus in this arrangement Figures 1
to 4 it will be seen that the diagram paper X which is mounted by india-rubber
bands X, or other equivalent, at its ends to the cylinder F, requires to have its
wide equidistant division lines, formed on the paper in the transverse direction
round the cylinder Fat right angles to its axis starting from the zero line », 0, on
the paper, which indicate the time taken to form the diagram, and also the water
added to the sample of flour being treated in the mixer A, during that time, while
the pointer is traversing at a regular speed parallel to the zero line, o, across
these lines 7,
While the closer equally divided lines are or may be formed
on the diagram paper equidistant from and parallel to the zero line e, ', and axis
of the cylindr F, and indicate the differential power exerted while the pointer is
forming the undulating graphical diagram aeruss these lines by the differential

page_text: oscillation of the cylinder F, substantially as described in reference to Figure 10
of the Specification of the said former Patent. These lines and divisions
and, may or may not be first put on the paper to suit the scales and tables it is
determined to work the machine and all the samples of flour upon as described in
my said former Patent, as plain clean paper may be put on to the moving barrel or
surface, and the zero lines or points only put on the paper at starting by the pointer
itself and have the last or maximum or any desired intermediate of these time and
pressure lines put on by the pointer e after finishing the diagram according to the
scale used, as say, which is shown as divided to indicate the number of cubic
centimetres of water added regularly to the sample of flour in the mixer A, as say
40 grammes during the time the pointer and index lines are traversing to any
division on the scale up to 35 or 40 centimetres. The scale is or may be
divided to indicate the percentage of water required to be added to the sack of
flour. And scales 3, in like manner can be divided to indicate the number of
loaves of a desired fixed weight to be obtained from the sack of flour, both of any
particular sample of flour that may be taken or indicated by the scales
But of course other scales may be used, and tables may be made out and printed
for use instead of the scales, But whichever are used they must be made out
from tested experience gained from the form of and power and maximum pressures
indicated by the diagrams and which gives the relative qualities of the flours as to
the gluten and starch in them.
"
used.
Another improvement consists in various simple arrangements of the fittings in
connection with the vertical parallel cylinder of water for delivering a uniform
quantity of the water from same and feeding it to the dough mixer A, and sample
of flour in it, during the time of taking the diagrams. One arrangement of these
improvements consists in mounting the parallel measuring cylinder B to move
vertically within a stationary steadying bracket B*, screwed to the soleplate A³,
having an open funnel filling mouth B at top, and having its lower end connected
at 13, to a small rubber or other elastic tube 6, this having its other and con-
nected to the lower end of the stationary small metal tube which supplies the
water to the kneading machine A, this elastic moving tube acting as an inverted
U-shaped siphon, as seen particularly in Figure 3, the upper delivery end, of
the tube b, always determining the height of the water in the moving cylinder B.
The cylinder B is moved upwards at a uniform rate from its lowest position shown
in Figure 1, when filled with water by the filler 13, to deliver the water regularly
therefrom, by forming a toothed rack 13, on its one side, actuated by a pinion B
so mounted on a hollow spindle or sleeve carried on a driving spindle, rotating
in bearings in the standard B*, as to be driven by the spindle, through the bevel
or face wheel on its one end actuated by a small pinion at on the overhung
end of the slow motion screw shaft to raise the water cylinder B and deliver the
water from the pipe b, bx, slowly as raised at the uniform rate; the screw spindle
is turned to traverse the pointer e in the direction of the arrow across the cylinder F
in Figure 2. The pinion B, and its hollow spindle are disengaged or put in
motion by the hand lever , fulcrumed at its lower end b, so connected to a
grooved clutch ring at the centre by pinching screws that this clutch slides on
the square end of the spindle and takes into the hollow spindle of the pinion 13³,
so as to engage or disengage it as the lever is shifted in either direction. In some
cases the differentially moved cylinder F. has a tendency to recoil suddenly back-
wards with the power of the helical spring E when the power required to drive the
kneading machine A is suddenly released, and to prevent this shock to the
cylinder F, and its overrunning the action of the spring E and cord D', by one
arrangement as shown in Figures 2 and 3, 1 mount a stop bracket on one end of
the exander Fover the stem 4 of a helical spring mounted in an adjustable
cylinder case 4 secured at to the base plate As. Or this might be a piston and
air cylinder instead of the spring ", and which arrangement stops the cylinder F
gently and prevents this over recoil. Another means of accomplishing the same
object
en in the sectional elevation Figure 3, and consists in securing one end

page_text: of a cord H, to the boss F" of the cylinder F, and winding it a half turn or so in
the reverse direction to that in which the cord D', of the spring E, is wound round
the cylinder F and in securing the lower end of the cord H, to an adjustable screw
spindle H, passed through a fixed rubber or other elastic ring 112, with adjustable
band screw nut II" below, and which rubber elastic ring Hacts to prevent this
over back recoil of the cylinder F.
1
Figure 5 on Sheet 2 shows an elevation partly in section of a simple modification
of my flour or dough testing machine, in which the helical spring E is mounted
within a tube D secured vertically at D, on the top of the he plate A³ and have
the upper end E" of the spring E'secured to the upper end D' of the tube by an
adjustable nut at E, and having a cap E' on its lower free cud connected by the
con D which is call round and secured to the dynamometer D, worked at the
inner end of the first motion shaft (in line with the shaft (not shown in this
figure, which actuates the kneading machine A. through the dynamometer D,
substantially as shown in Figure 1 of the Specification of the said former Patent,
but having the diagram indicating pencil or pointer e, secured by a spring blade ¹
to an arm directly connected to the cap E, at the free end of the spring E, and
passing out through a slit Don the side of the tube D' next the diagram
cylinder F, so as to describe the graphical figure differentially in the longitudinal
direction on the card X on the cylinder F, instead of circumferentially as in the
former Figures 1 to 4, and so in this case have the cylinder F turned at a uniform
speed by the screw e, on the first motion shaft C, working into the screw wheel e
on the near end of the shaft, actuating the cylinder F, direct by a screw wheel
and screw F, F, at the ther end of the shaft, at a very slow uniform speed to
form the graphical diagram substantially as described and shown in reference to
Figure 1 and 2, and Figures 4 and 5 of the Specification of the said former
Patent. The cylinder F, however in this case is mounted vertical and parallel to
the tube D, and the lower end of its spindle F', is fitted in a footstep, bearing
at A in the soleplate A. and its upper end in a journal bush bearing on a
bracket F, screwed and secured at D, on the tube D, and having a thumb
screw F, at the upper end for securing the cylinder F to the spindle, or the
wheel when it is ready to be turned with the diagram paper X on it, to start
making the diagram. A grooved pulley is mounted on the upper end F, of
the cylinder F, with the one end of a cord G secured thereto, and wound round it,
the con being conducted under a guide pulley G on the bracket F', and up
over a guide pulley G mounted on the top D', of the tube D, so as to be carried
down and actuate any of the arrangements of water supply to the kneading
machine A, in a regular manner while the diagram is being taken.
the figures indicate the traverse of the pointer, and the direction the cylinder F
is turned in forming the diagrams. In this case the scales s, 2, 83, are shown as
mounted loose or engraved on the upper end of the cylinder F, to indicate 'he time
taken, and water used, and percentage of water, and number of leaves to the k
of flour, while forming the undulations of the diagram as hereinbefore referred to
in reference to the equivalent sliding straight scales, shown in Figure 2
and 4.
The arrow-
Three other arrangements are shown on Sheet 3, of feeding the water at a uniform
rate from the parallel cylinder B, into the kneader A. during the taking of the
diagram, from that described in reference to Figures 1, 2, and 3. on Sheets 1 and 2
of the drawings. Figure 6 on Sheet 3-hows a sertional elevation of one of these
water feeding arrangements in which the cylinder B is shown as fixel vertically at
B at its lower close end to the soleplate A, with a small nipple branch at B to
which one end of the flexible U tube is attached, the other end being attached
by a branch nipple to a weighted coupling B, connected to the lower end of the
delivery tube, which in this case is made to move in parallel guides, pro-
jecting from the side of the kneading chest A, instead of moving the cylin ler B,
as in the former case. The upper delivery end of this tube 8 is connected to
the lower end of the lowering and raising cord (³, as shown and described in
B

page_text: reference to Figure 5; this cord being wound round any pulley or cylinder as G
driven at a uniform rate by the gearing during the taking of the diagram and a
revolution of the cylinder F, so as to lower the tube b,, and deliver the water
from the cylinder Bat a slow uniform rate by the nozzles into the kneader A.
the level of the water falling in the cylinder B, as the nozzle * is lowered; or this
lowering of the cord might be effected by the traversing of the screw slide ², of
the screw spindle such as that of, traversing the pointer or pencil, shown in
Figure 2, on Sheet or on Figure 1 on Sheet 6, to be described hereinafter.
Figure 6 shows an elevation of a portable parallel rod or spindle R. which may be
of any suitable diameter for insertion into any of the water cylinders B, preferably
the vertical class as shown dotted in, in Figure 6, preferably with a hand and
cruciform top for resting in the finmel end of these water cylinders B. for reducing
or increasing the area and giving any regular displacement of the water from these
cylinders B, during the testing of a sample and taking a diagram. Figure 7 on
Sheet 3. shows a different modification or arrangement of the parallel vertical
water cylinder B and its fittings, in which the measuring cylinder 13, is mounted to
reciprocate water tight by a stuffing box B at its lower end working on a small
fixed internal parallel tube B, secured at its lower end B, to the soleplate A,
and connected by a lateral branch and cock, below the stuffing box B of the
water cylinder B, to the fixed tube,, which delivers the water into the kneader A.
The inner tube B, has small holes 13, near its top through which the water flows
from the outer cylinder B, as it is raised by the cord G³, the cord in this case being
connected to the open filler end B", of the cylinder B to raise it, and actuated as
described in reference to Figure 6. The level of the water in the inner tube 13,
being always that of the delivery nozzle b*.
In the case in which the pencil e is traversed by a slide frame e², and screw at
a uniform speed as shown in Figures 1, 2, and 4, and as modified and shown in
partial side and end views and plan in Figures 1 and 2 on Sheet 6 one end of the
cord G3 may be attached to this traversing frame and brought over a guide
pulley G, with its other end attached to the lower part of the delivery water tube B
to raise it direct, and deliver the water regularly from the tubes into the
kneading vessel A. instead of by the rack and pinion B2, B3, described and shown
in reference to Figures 1 and 2. Or otherwise, as shown in the partial front eleva-
tion and plan in Figures 8 and 9 Sheet 3, the screw spindle may be elongated
and have a finer pitch screw at formed on it so as to traverse a screw bush
socket formed with a lateral stud so as to actuate a parallel piston or plunger B
working in a stationary horizontal water supply cylinder B, secured at 13 to the
soleplate A³, so as to discharge the water at a uniform rate through the tube b², b,
to the kneading vessel A; and formed with a filler and filling tube and tap, at
the other end of the cylinder B, analogous to that shown in Figures and 2 of the
Specification of the aforesaid Patent, but actuated in this way direct without the
complicated gearing of wheels and pinions shown in that arrangement. Instead of
making the dynamometer barrel F to be the diagram paper barrel it might be made
with a central toothed wheel or with toothed wheels at opposite ends to gear into a
rack or racks formed on the back of a vertical transverse diagram card board and
be differentially raised or lowered proportionally to the action of the dynamometer,
and have the peneil traversed over or in front of this diagram table on which the
papers would be mounted by spring clips or other equivalent at the ends and act and
trace the diagram, otherwise all substantially as described in reference to the barrel
arrangement; or the diagram may be traversed horizontally and the pencil recipro
cite over its surface, or the diagram may be stationary and the pencil traverse
horizontally and vertically over it.
Figure 10 on Sheet shows a front elevation; Figure 11 an end section and
Figure 12 a plan view corresponding to Figure 10 of one construction of instrument
in which a traversing vertical diagram board F is used for carrying the paper
sheet X. on which the diagrams are taken instead of the dynamometer barrel F
hereinbefore described. The board is formed with a grooved edge X

page_text: 3
a
spring
with
and
on three sides for inserting and holding the paper
gripping light bar X, at one end for retaining the paper when inserted.
The board F, is traversed by brackets at its lower end secured to traversing
Screw bushes guided in slide guides ³, secured to the soleplate A*
an actuated so as to be traversed at a uniform rate by the screw spindle
analogous to that shown in Figures 1 and 2 for traversing the pencil but here
actuated at a low rate to traverse the diagram board F by the wheels ",", at one
end from a spindle actuated by a screw wheel and screw, c, from the first
motion shaft C, that is here shown as actuating a dynamometer D, between it and
the second motion shaft (", which actuates the spindles, of the kneaders and
In this arrangement the
kneading machine A, through the spur pinions
+
"
г.
pencil does not move in the longitudinal direction but is carried by a spring arm
in the moving end or bush E¹ of the spring E, mounted in a vertical tube D-,
secured at D to the soleplate A, close to the dynamometer D, so that the cord D',
passing round the dynamometer has its end attached to the bush E, and moves the
pencil e vertically and differentially to form the diagram as indicated on the card in
Figure 10, as the board is traversed longitudinally in the direction of the arrow
shown on it in Figure 10, all otherwise substantially as described in reference to
the barrel arrangement. Figures 13 and 14 show a front elevation and end section
respectively, of a modification in which the vertical diagram board F is fixed to
the soleplate A³, and the pencil e with its spring arm is traversed differentially
up and down by a lateral arm working in a slotted crosshead J' and guide bar J
secured to the guide bush E', in this case mounted on the top free end of the
spring E secured and working in the fixed guide tube D' and having the cord D'
attached to the top of the bush E', and in this case passing up over the dynamo-
meter D, the pencil and its arms being traversed at a uniform rate longi-
tudinally across the diagram by a horizontal serew spindle and its screw bush f
secured to the lower end of a vertical slotted bracket traversed by the screw and
screw bush *. Figures 15 and 16 are a front elevation and transverse section,
and Figure 17 a sectional plan view corresponding to Figure 15, of another modifi-
cation of this arrangement of traversing diagram board F, in which the pencil and
its spring arm are stationary, and the diagram board F is traversed differentially
and vertically by a frame 12, traversed in a vertical slotted fixed frame J³ by the
dynamometer D, actuated direct by a toothed wheel D and rack at D', the cord D'
wound round the dynamometer cylinder D, in this case being carried down and
attached to the moving end E' of the spring E. The diagram board Fis traversed
and guided by slide eyes at X" on longitudinal guide bars J secured to the
vertical raising and lowering frame J, and traversed at a uniform rate in the
direction of the arrows on it in Figure 15, by a screw bush secured to the back
of the board F, actuated by the screw spindle deriving its motion as in any of the
former arrangements from the first motion shaft C.
Figures 18 and 19 on Sheet 5 show end and side elevations, both partly in section,
of another arrangement of apparatus for feeding the water at a uniform rate into
the kneading machine A and keeping the latter at any desired uniform temperature
Under this arrangement the
during the mixing and testing operation of the flour.
water may be regularly and intermittently fell to the dough mixer A from the
lower end of a glass tube I, or other overhead cistern through a rotat ng tap or
valve rotated by a wheel or pulley 1" on its outer end, having a pitch chain I
passed over it operated from a wheel, on the screw spindle actuating the
pointer e, or it might be on the first motion shaft C, or other regularly rotated
spindle of the machine. This valve 1' is formed with a series o. cavities or
he lower
recesses round its circumference into which the water is fed from
branch of the glass tube I or cistern above, and delivered at its centrai lowest part
into the nozzle or tube leading to the dough mixing vessel A.
Figure 20 shows a sectional elevation of another arrangement of tubular
water vessel in which the water is regularly and intermittently fel and erined
from the overhead tube I, or cistern through a vertical lift spring cl
V.L.\.
19
1

page_text: at its lower end.
The spindle of the valve passes down through its seat and is
actuated or lifted intermittently against the action of the spring 2, on the valve 13,
by the one end of a horizontal oscillating lever I', the other end of the lever being
actuated by a tappet or tappets on the spindle of a chain wheel rotated
by the before mentioned or equivalent regularly rotated pitch chain 1, from any
uniform turned spindle of the machine as in the arrangement shown in Figures 18
and 19.
Figures 21 and 22 show an end elevation and plan, both partly in section, of
another arrangement for feeding the water into the kneading vessel A, in which a
segmental cavity or tube 1, is mounted round the periphery of a wheel or wheel
arins and boss 17 on a spindle as 1, turned by a wheel and pitch chain 12, as
before mentioned, which as regularly and slowly turned would deliver the water as
it rose to the upper inner surface of the cavity or tube 16 down through a small
open ended tube fitted in a groove at the highest circumference of the boss 1' at
the bottom of the channel which may be made narrow for that purpose down the
tube b, on the forward side, and be delivered into the kneading machine A at the
delivery nozzle at the level of the periphery of the water cavity, where this
tube might be made liquid tight with a rubber ferrule or other equivalent in its
groove when the tube was made stationary and not turned with the wheel.
Figure 23 is a sectional end view of a kneading machine A made with a close
top cover a in which the water is fed in from the pipe by a liquid branch
or trap.
Figures 24 and 25 show end and front sectional elevations of part of the
mechanism in which is shown another arrangement for feeding the water to the
kneading machine A.
In this arrangement a toothed wheel, is turned by a
pinion, on the first motion shaft C of the dynamometer D, and is made to turn a
screw nut on the screw spindle mounted on the outer end of a liquid tight
piston B working in a bored steel or other metal cylinder B, filled with mercury,
the cylinder B, as well as the screw end of the spindle and nut being carried on
brackets at 13, in the axial line of the cylinder; but the wheel might be turned
by a chain 12, and chain wheels as in the arrangement shown in Figures 18 to 22.
The inner end of the cylinder B is fitted with a vertical stuffing box and parallel
small glass tube for containing water on the top of the mercury filled in by n
small funnel at the top of the tube, which a little below the top has a delivery
branch,, for delivering the water into the vessel of the dough mixer A: and
as the piston B is regularly and slowly screwed in to the cylinder B, the mercury
will rise up the glass tube at a uniform rate and deliver the water also uniformly
into the dough mixer A. The glass tube 6, is divided and marked lineally into
inches or increments of inches on one side, and the rise of the surface level of the
mercury will show the amount delivered during any period of the regular turning
of the machine.
Instead of using a spiral, helical, or coiled spring E, to act against the power of
the dynamometer D to give approximately divided distances on the graphical
diagram paper, proportionate to the force in pounds exerted in mixing the dough,
and indicated by the dynamometer as described in reference to the previous figures
hereof and in the Specification of the said former Patent, by further improvements
1 accomplish this more accurately by improved arrangements of an accumulative or
differential increasing weight or weights.
Figures 26 and 27 show end and front sectional elevations of one of my flour
testing machines, analogous to that shown in Figures 1 and 2. and lettered to
correspond, but as fitted with one arrangement of these improved differential
weight levers, which consist in mounting on a frame Z, below the soleplate A³ and
platform or top of the frame Z of the machine carrying the dynamometer or
barrel 1 of the graphical diagram paper, and attaching the cord or preferably a
chain D, wound round it as before described, to a form of piston K' working in a
cylinder K, a little larger in diameter than the piston, as indicated in dotted lines
in these figures. This cylinder K would be open at the upper end and close at the

page_text: |lower end to net as a stealiment af air enshion for preventing jar in the working
of the piston and cord while the different strains were on it. A cord or chain D'
from the lower side of this piston K, would pass down through a small hole in the
bottom of the cylinder K tangentially down to and round an oscillating grooved
quadrant K mounted on a transverse boss and spindle K" with radial arms or webs
leading down to a weight K³, mounted on it below the fulcrum spinelle K, in its
normal inactive zero position as shown in this position in the figures. The
chain D', would preferably be carried round and up the back web or arm of the
quadrant K and secured to a bracket near the fulerum by an adjustable surill
Serew spindle K, and securing jam nuts to bring all to their normal zero position
for starting the diagram on the barrel F of the dynamometer D. The grooved
quadrant K might be formed in various ways as by turning the segmental web of
the quadrant and mounting or securing on it side segmental plates at K', to form
the groove for the chain D'; and the boss of the quadrant would be mounted on a
steel spindle K" mounted to oscillate on antifriction rollers k, carried on studs in
brackets secured to horizontal bars Zof the frame Z, or otherwise as shown
in Figures 24 and 25, the spindle K" of the differential weighted segment K-
might be mounted on fine steel centres of screw sutls² served into brackets / in
the frame Z, and have jam nuts When the machine was started and the dough
increased in stiffness, the dynamometer D would wind up the cord and turn the
quadrant and weight up, the weight always increasing as it rose from the normal
position below the fulcrum towards the tangential position of the cord under the
cylinder as indicated by the dotted lines K³, K*. in Figure 27. But by preference
the quadrant 2 would be made of such a size that it and the weight K³and chain 1
would not require to turn more than sixty degrees upwards from the vertical
position, so as to give approximately equal distance of leverage for equal pound-
of pressure of increase in weight. A cord II is preferably wound round a grooved
pulley H*, on the diagram cylinder D or on the dynamometer barrel in the
opposite direction to that of the said weighted chain D', and have a screw II' at its
free end passed through a fixed bracket or part of the frame with adjustable
securing nuts 11" on it, either with or without an india rubber or spiral spring *
at its end, as shown in Figure 3. below the bracket, to act and maintain the barrel
or dynamometer at its sail normal zero position, and check the recoil action of the
weight and quadrant K. This spring would come into action as the weight K², on
the cord D and quadrant lever K fell to its normal lowest zero psition and
prevent any sudden jerk of the weight and barrel in their back reaction to this
position, and this arrangement would be suitable for any or all of the accumulative
weights or differential acting springs. Or this weighted lever K might come
back against a stretched rubber di-e or cushion I³ secured to the side of the
frame Z.
By another arrangement as shown in Figures 24 and 25 instead of using a
chain a toothed segment a; K* is mounted round the periphery of the
quadrant K, on the eye or axie K" of the weighted lever K³ carried on the
centres,, before mentioned, and this toothed segment K' works up through a
slot in the bed frame Z of the machine, and gears into a corresponding toothed
wheel K³, on the drum D of the dynamometer, or a spinille C' actuated through
its differential pinions . This arrangement is very suitable for the simple
arrangement of attaching the dynamometer direct to the spindle C of the dough
mixing vessel A, without a separate indicating diagram barrel, and suitable for
being driven by a crank handle on the spindle C, of the dynamometer, as
shown in these Figure 24 and 25, instead of the belt pulleys C2, C, of the former
arrangements; and a fixed radial pointer :, may be attached to one of the bearing
brackets A or other fixed part of the frame, and have the divisions of pounds
shown at 1, cut or indicated on the radial end of the dynamometer barrel D. or ou
its outer periphery at one side, as shown in the detached en view Figure 24
Figures 2 and 29 on Sheet 6 show vertical sections of two different arrange-
ments for giving the differential and stealying motion to the dynamometer D, and

page_text: card barrel F during their action in testing a sample of flour, and in which a scroll
or em groove K', is mounted on one end of the barrel D of the dynamometer, or
the diagram eylinder F and have a chain D' fixed to its inner or axial periphery
with a weight K attached to its lower el, guided down past or under and over
antifriction pulleys, or in a slot as shown in the top of water trough Kas
seen in Figure 29, so that the weight K may reciprocate in a vertical air
or water cylinder K, K, as in Figure 28, or in a water box K*, as in
Figure 29, open at the top and close at the bottom, which in either case
will steady the action of the weight K, in its up and down motion, and
also prevent concussion when the weight K³ fell to its lowest position and the
cord Drached the inner radial position of its scroll groove, coinciding with the
normal zero point or line O, where the diagram starts and ends its action,
the weight increasing as the cord was wound on to the greater periphery of its
seroll cam K, giving nearly equal divisions on the periphery of the barrel F of
the dynamometer or diagram cylinder D. This differential weight movement may
also as shown in sectional elevation in Figure 30 be effected by a reciprocating
toothed rack D³ working into a wheel or pinion D secured on one end of the
dynamometer D, or barrel F, with an antifriction pulley, behind the toothed
rack D to keep it in gear with its pinion D', with the least possible friction. The
lower end of this rack spindle is fixed to a piston or plunger D', so as to work
Huid-tight in a bored cylinder D' open at top but close at bottom filled with
mercury and this rack spindle D' may be hollow, as a tube and open at both
ends, and as the strain came on the dynamometer D) it would turn this rack D³, and
hollow spindle downwards in the direction of the arrow on it and push the piston D'
down into the mercury in the cylinder D, which would be forced up the hollow
tube D and increase the pressure on the mercury differentially as the piston D',
descended, and vice versa differentially lessen the pressure as the piston ascended
and the power was reduced on the dynamometer in turning the dough mixing
machine A and forming the diagram.
As shown in sectional elevation in Figure 31, instead of making the toothed rack
piston rod D' hollow as described it might be made solid, and have a lateral kuce
branch D projecting out from the lower end of the cylinder D or a chamber
below it, and have a glass or other tube fitted in the vertical end of this
branch D so that as the piston D' descended, the mercury would rise m this
separate glass tube d³, and vice versa as it rose would lower in this separate tube;
and this tube d when made of glass might be divided and show the height of the
mercury during the whole process of mixing the dough. By another arrangement,
as shown in Figure 32, the lower end of the solid rack D³ might be attached to the
upper end of a hollow cylinder or plunger D', close at both ends and made to
reciprocate up and down in a tubular or cylindrical vessel D', open at the upper
end but close at the lower end a little larger in diameter than the hollow plunger D',
so that as this plunger descended the mercury in the lower outer cylinder D, would
ascend up the narrow annular space between it and the plunger D7 as the latter
descended, and so differentially increase the pressure on the mercury below it;
and vice versa reduce the pressure on the ascending of the plunger D' thus giving a
differential weight effect in any of these rack and pinion cases on the dynamometer
proportionate to the work being performed through it in kneading the dough equal
to the springs E, and weighted levers K, K³, hereinbefore described for this
purpose. To increase the free action of the dynamometer D or spindles C, C³, and
prevent friction on these while being actuated by the accumulative weights, I
mount as shown in sertional elevation in Figure 33 their end bosses FF with
grooved screw bushes to rotate on sets or rings of antifriction steel balls or
rollers d'. Or instead of mounting the bosses F, F, of the barrel F as described,
they may as shown in section and end view Figure 34 be mounted on antifriction
pulleys carried in studs projecting from the pillow blocks A" or A, carrying
the axial shafts C or C of the diagram barrel F.
A further improvement as shown in sectional elevation in Figure 35, consists in

page_text: a new or improved construction of the dynamometer D to make it more suitable
for mounting the said gearing wheel or wheels, or scroll cams or pulleys for the
wire corl D on the differential revolving axis for actuating the toothed racks, or
other equivalent of the differential weights of the dynamometer hereinbefore
described. And these improvements consist in forming one of the actuating shafts
of the dynamometer D. preferably the driving shaft C hollow, while the driven
shaft might either be solid or hollow, which actuates the agitators of the mixing
machine A, and the hollow driving shaft C. might be actuated by a belt pulley or
pulleys (mounted on it, or by gearing. In this arrangement mount within the
hollow shaft C, a solid shaft or spindled having cross arms di, d'³, at its immer
end carrying the axes of the differential bevel or spur pinions d', d', of the arrang
ments, shown in Figures 6 and 7 of and described in the Specification of my said
former Patent, gearing into and within or between the driving wheel d, and the
driven wheel of the dynamometer D. The inner end of this solid shaft d* may
either be overhung at the cross arms or have a journal on its extreme innr
end, working into a hollow bearing in the adjacent end of the driven shaft C
actuating the mixer A. This solid shaft will project out beyond the extreme
end of the hollow driven shaft C, preferably carried on journal bearing blocks
outside. On this projecting end of the solid shaft would be mounted very en-
veniently a grooved pulley D for the cord D', or any of the differential acting
scroll cams or gearing K for actuating the accumulative or differential weight of
the dynamometer.
Under another arrangement of my improvements, as shown in sectional elevation
in Figar 36 construct the knealer A in the form of a deep hollow vessel AF,
preferably of cylindrical shape, with an annular series of vertical pins or blades
projecting up from its bottom part A and mounted loose by a deep eye on the
lower end of a vertical spindle L, LA, working in a footstep bearing at 1" bolted
to the main framing Z carrying the whole, the upper part of the vessel A, which
answers as the diagraza barrel for taking the diagrams on, being carried by a
journal boss at F, in a bracket M', projecting from the main standard M bolted to
the frame Z, and carrying the driving gearing as hereinafter described. While
the stirrer or agitator consists of a dise L secured by an eye at L to the
spindle L, L, and carrying a number of radial arms, preferably two annular rings
or frames a projecting down on each side of the lower arms. The top part 1 of
the vertical spindle L is carried up through the top journal F, of the case F,
preferably as a hollow spindle with a bevel wheel 123 on it actuated by a corre-
sponding pinion 1 on a first motion driving shaft C which is driven by a fast and
loose belt pulley (2, C. In this case the water is fed to the kneading machine,
from: tube through the open top of the hollow shaft 1, which has a hole er
nozzle at * for the escape of the water to the kneading machine. The lower part
of the casing has a pulley fitted on it at D. to make it act instad of the dynamo-
meter and to which the one end of the chain D' is attached, and carried round a
quadrant sector weighted lever K, analogous to that described in reference to
Figures 26 and 27, with a weighted lever K on it, flerumed to adjustable screw
stud centres at K" in brackets K, projecting down in-ide the main frame Z: but
this chain or cord D might be connected to any of the arrangements of differential
acting springs E, described in the Specification of the said former Patent, and in
reference to Figures 1 to 4 of this Specification, or with any of the differential
weights described in reference to Figures 28 to 32. The mechanism is made to
traverse a pencil or marking pointer and its carrying spring arm el at a uniform
rate over the paper on the barrel F, the pencil being traversed by a parallel
travelling nut working on and actuated by the vertical screw spindle carried
in a journal and footstep bearings in the bracket bolted to the bracket Mat
the top, and actuated at a slow uniform rate by a large spur wheel 1, on the
spindle and pinion on the upper end of the spindle L'. The differential action
or heights of the diagram hereinbefore described as indicated by the lines
are

page_text: here produced by the differential action of the case A, and the weighted lever
quadrant K", to K. When this arrangement is used without the diagram barrel F
a pointer may be used with an indicating dial on the top close end of the case A.
In this case also a pointer and divisions on the end or circumference of the
barrel A, may be made to indicate the power being taken to knead the dough, and
especially the maximum power taken, in the same manner as the pointer of a steam
pressure gauge indicates pressure, and analogous to that shown and described in
reference to Figure 24^.
Figure 37 shows a back and end elevation of an arrangement of quadrant or
segmental weighted lever with teeth K", to K. analogous to that shown in
Figures 24 and 25, and shown as actuated by a vertical rack K³, screwed to the
back of the diagram board F, which would be actuated by a spur pinion D
working into a rack 1 also on the back of the Lord, this pinion D, being actuated
by the differential acting spindle or case of the dynamometer, so as to give the
differential heights in the vertical direction on the board while the pencil e and
its lever, were traversed uniformly in the longitudinal direction to give the time
and quantity of water absorbed during the taking of the diagram.
Further arrangements in reference to the dough mixing machine A as shown in
Figures 18 and 19, consist in heating or cooling or attemperating the mixing
vessel A in cold or warm weather respectively, to mix the dough at any
desired temperature, and one mode of effecting this consists in fitting a jacketed
vessel round the mixing vessel A. close at bottom and round the sides, although it
may be open on the top side, and in supplying a current of water to this outer
vessel by a tube with tap from any convenient source of supply of cold water:
and in fitting within this jacketed vessel an overflow pipe j, to maintain the supply
of water always at a uniform level, and carried off by a funnel pipe for other
convenient means. This water may be heated by a gas jet or Bunsen burner as
shown at fitted below the jacketed vessel j. controlled by a tap or valve to
maintain the heat of the water in the jacket at any desired temperature, and
also heat the materials within the mixer A to the same or a proportionate
temperature.
A further arrangement as shown in Figure 23. consists in fitting a close lid at on
the upper part of the mixing vessel A, so constructed with bevelled sides that all
evaporation of water from the dough during the process of mixing would be thrown
back on the bevelled sides on to the dough again at the lips að. In this case with
the close lid, the nozzle * of the water tube & supplying the water to the dough
during the mixing, would be inserted through a deep screw nipple a screwed into
a socket in the upper part of the close cover or it might be into a small water
siphon trap shown detached in Figure 23. formed or fitted in the upper close
part of the lid a', instead of the screw nipple and this close lid, over the mixer
would also be fitted with a screw or oilier socket for inserting a cork or spigot a
for the insertion of the lower end tubes of two thermometers a, a, as shown in
Figure 23, preferably of the positive indicating class which would respectively
show the maximum and minimum of temperature which had taken place within the
vessel during any single mixing or sampling, and also the temperature at any
time. A thermometer might also be placed in the jacketed attemperating vessel)
before mentioned 'n reference to Figures 18 and 19, which in hot countries might
be used as a cooler by circulating cold water through this vessel to cool the water
and flour or material within the mixer A when that was found desirable.
Figure 38 is a sectional elevation of a kneading machine A, showing one mode
in which the spindles a of the kneading machine may be driven at different speeds
by gearing from a spur wheel , on the overhang end of the screw spindle Cof
the dynamometer, instead of direct as shown in the former arrangements, and in
which the spindles have two bearings formed in their removable standards A' with
steel screw centres at their back ends.
A further improvement consists in the use of dilute acetic, lactic, hydrochloric,

page_text: or equivalent acids, or solutions of alcohol, and of sodium chloride, or of yeast or
yeast and water, and solutions of the flour or its soluble albuminoids which is being
tested, for determining the amount of degradation in the gluten when exposed to
their action, this being introduced into the kneading machine or with the water fed
into the same.
Having now particularly deseribed and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :
First. The improved moles of, and means or arrangement and combination of
dynamometer, diagram cylinder and appliances for mechanically testing and
sampling different qualities of flour, and graphically indicating and recording the
various characteristics or properties of the different flours or doughs, substantially
as herein described, in reference to and shown in the accompanying drawings.
Second. In apparatus for testing and recording the characteristic properties of
flour and dough, the combination and use, of a diagram cylinder and dynamometer
combined or formed in one, substantially as and for the purposes herein described,
in reference to and by way of application shown in the accompanying drawings.
Third. In apparatus for testing and recording the characteristic properties of
flour and dough, the construction and use of various appliances used in combination
with the water cylinder or vessel for delivering and feeding a uniform quantity of
water to the kneading machine during the time of taking the diagrams, substantially
as herein described, in reference to and shown in Figures 1 to 3, 1^, 2, 6, 9 and 18
to 24, of the accompanying drawings.
Fourth. In apparatus for testing and recording the characteristic properties of
flour and dongh, the combination with a movable or fixed water cylinder or vessel
of an inverted siphon flexible or rigid tube and connecting fittings, substantially as
herein described, in reference to and shown in Figures 1 to 3, 1, 2 and 6 and 7 of
the accompanying drawings.
Fifth. In apparatus for testing and recording the characteristic properties of
flour and dough, the combination with the water cylinder or vessel of a rotating
tap or valve formed with recesses, and of a spring closing valve, substantially as
and operated in the manner and for the purposes herein described, in reference
to and shown in Figures 18, 19, and 20 respectively of the accompanying
drawings.
Sixth. In apparatus for testing and recording the characteristic properties of
flour and dough, the combination with the water cylinder or vessel of a segmental
cavity or tube with wheel arms mounted on a rotating spindle, and connecting
fittings, substantially as and for the purposes herein described, in reference to and
shown in Figures 21 and 22 of the accompanying drawings.
Seventh. In apparatus for testing and recording the characteristic properties of
flour and dough, the combination with the dynamometer, of a reciprocating piston
or plunger with cylinder filled with mercury, and connecting glass tube and fittings,
substantially as and for the purposes herein described, in reference to and shown in
Figure 24, of the accompanying drawings.
Eighth. In apparatus for testing and recording the characteristic properties of
Hour and dough, the use in combination with a dynamometer of a diagram card-
board traversed horizontally at an uniform speed having the pointer or pencil
actuated from the dynamometer traversed differentially in front of it or rice versa ;
or the diagram board stationary, and the pencil traversed horizontally and vertically
over it; or alternately having the pointer or pencil stationary and the diagram
traversed horizontally and vertically from the dynamometer, substantially es herein
described, in reference to and by way of application shown in Figures 10 to 12,
13 and 14 and 15 to 17 respectively of the accompanying drawings.
Ninth. In apparatus for testing and recording the characteristic properties of
flour and dough, the arrangement and use in combination with a dynamometer of a
differential acting weighted quadrant lever, actuated from the dynamometer by a
с

page_text: chain or cord or by toothed gearing, substantially as and in the manner herein
described in reference to and by way of application shown in Figures 24 to 27
and 36 and 37 of the accompanying drawings.
Tenth. In apparatus for testing and recording the characteristic properties of
flour and dough, the arrangement and use in combination with a dynamometer of
accumulative or differential increasing weights or weight levers consisting of a
scroll or cam groove, and a cord and weight reciprocating in a fluid cylinder or
trough, substantially as and in the manner and for the purposes herein described in
reference to and shown in Figures 28 and 29 of the accompanying drawings.
Eleventh. In apparatus for testing and recording the characteristic properties of
Hour and dough, the arrangement and use in combination with a dynamometer of
accumulative differential increasing weights consisting of a reciprocating toothed
rack with hollow or solid spindle, and wheel gearing, and a piston or a plunger, and
a cylinder containing mercury, substantially as and in the manner and for the
purposes herein described in reference to and shown in Figures 30 to 32 of the
accompanying drawings.
Twelfth. In apparatus for testing and recording the characteristic properties of
Hour and dough, the construction of the dynamometer with a hollow shaft or shafts,
within which is mounted a solid shaft with cross arms at its inner end carrying the
axis of differential bevel or spur pinions, substantially as and in the manner and
for the purposes herein described, in reference to 2nd shown in Figure 35 of the
accompanying drawings.
Thirteenth. In apparatus for testing and recording the characteristic properties
of flour and dough, the arrangement and use of a dynamometer with accumulative
weight, and indicating dial and pointer, without a graphic diagram cylinder,
substantially as herein described in reference to and shown in Figures 24, 24'
and 25 of the accompanying drawings.
Fourteenth. In apparatus for testing and recording the characteristic properties
of flour and dough, the combination with the mixer and mixing vessel, of a
differential acting quadrant lever or accumulative springs or weights, substantially
as and for the purposes herein described in reference to and by way of application
shown in Figure 35 of the accompanying drawings.
Fifteenth. In apparatus for testing and recording the characteristic properties of
flour and dough the combination and use with the water cylinders of rods or wires
for reducing or increasing the area of same, substantially as and for the purposes
herein described in reference to and by way of application shown in Figure 6 of
the accompanying drawings.
Sixteenth. In apparatus for testing and recording the characteristic properties
of four and dough, the use of acetic, lactic, or equivalent acids, or of alcohol,
sodium chloride, or yeast, and solutions of the flour being tested in the kneading
machine or water being fed to same for determining the amount of degradation in
the gluten, substantially as described.
Dated the 17th Rahruary 1UOD
W. R. M. THOMSON & Co.,
96, Buchanan Street, Glasgow, Agents.