AN IMPROVED: BRAKE AND STARTING APPARATUS. FOR TRAMWAY AND, RAILWAY CARRIAGES AND OTHER VEHICLES
Year: 1871

page_text: LETTERS, PATENT to Joseph Ellicott Holmes and Fenner Ballou.
Taylor, Civil and Mechanical Engineers, both of Vowler Street,
Walworth Road, in the County of Surrey, for the Invention of
"AN IMPROVED: BRAKE AND STARTING APPARATUS. FOR TRAMWAY AND,
RAILWAY CARRIAGES AND OTHER VEHICLES."
.
Sealed the 14th June 1872, and dated the 18th December 1871.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Joseph Ellicott Holmes.
and Fenner Ballou Taylor at the Office of the Commissioners of
Patents, with their Petition, on the 18th December 1871.
We, JOSEPH ELLICOTT HOLMES and FENNER BALLOU TAYLOR, Civil
and Mechanical Engineers, both of Vowler Street, Walworth Road, in'
the County of Surrey, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "AN IMPROVED BRAKE AND STARTING APPARATUS FOR TRAMWAY AND
RAILWAY CARRIAGES AND OTHER VEHICLES," to be as follows
-
Our said Invention relates to apparatus to. be applied to tramway and
railway cars or carriages and other wheeled vehicles which is so con-

page_text: quickly and easuy, and will accumulate power for starting the said
carriage or vehicle.
The object of our said Invention is accomplished by a novel combina-
tion of a spring or number. of springs, toothed wheels, clutch boxes,
adjusting apparatus, and other appliances as herein-after set forth.
We may modify the arrangement of our improved apparatus in many
ways, but the following description, which refers more particularly to
tramway cars and similar vehicles, will enable its application and opera-
tion to be fully understood:-Near the centre of each axle of the car or
carriage we place two mitre or bevel wheels.
These wheels are fitted
loosely on the axles, and are geared with similar bevel wheels on a
counter shaft which extends lengthwise of the carriage between the two
axles. The bevel or mitre wheels on the axles are kept properly apart
by tubular T pieces which are fitted on the said axles, and form bearings
for the ends of the aforesaid counter shaft. Around this shaft we coil a
spiral or helical spring or two or more of such springs, the same being
made fast at the ends to the bevel or mitre wheels on the said shaft.
Each of the bevel or mitre wheels on the axles is formed with clutch
teeth or notches to correspond with similar teeth or notches on clutch
sleeves which are fitted to slide on the axles, but are caused to turn
therewith by splines or projections on the axles fitting grooves in the
wheels. These splines are so arranged that they also serve as a means
for keeping the bevel or mitre wheels in their proper position endwise on
the said axles.
From the above description it will be obvious that the clutch sleeves
although free to slide on the axles are compelled always to rotate there-
with, whereas the bevel or mitre wheels when "not in gear with the said
clutch sleeves have no rotation on the said axles, therefore the spring is
not acted upon and the apparatus remains inoperative. But if the
clutches at either side of the carriage are thrown into gear the counter
shaft with its wheels is revolved and the spring is coiled or uncoiled
(according to the side thrown into .gear) till the tension of the said
spring overcomes the momentum,. or the wheels slide on the rails or
road. Then the driver or conductor throws the clutches on the opposite
side into gear, thereby locking the apparatus and preventing any recoil
of the carriage.
'
1
احمد

page_text: A force equal or nearly equal to that expended in stopping the carriage
is thus accumulated or reserved by the apparatus, and when it is desired
to start the carriage this force is caused to expend itself in overcoming the
mertia thereof; and starting it in either direction as herein-before set
forth.
The appliances for adjusting the clutches are as follows:-Extending
along the bottom of the carriage or vehicle, and supported to rock or
vibrate in suitable bearings attached to the same, are two rods or bars
which are provided with clutch levers properly forked and fitted between
collars on the aforesaid clutch sleeves. At one or both ends of the
carriage the said rods or bars have other levers which are connected by
rods or links to a vertical double crank shaft. This shaft extends up
above the platform or bottom of the carriage, and is provided at its
upper end with a hand wheel or handle whereby the apparatus is
adjusted. This wheel or handle has arranged in combination with it a
quadrant or stop. The ends of the connecting links or rods which take
hold of the crank have long slots or apertures to permit the crank shaft
to be moved for a certain distance without acting on either of the bars.
By this contrivance in combination with the quadrant and an adjustable
pin on the hand wheel the operator is enabled quickly and accurately to
effect the required adjustments of the clutches, that is to say, he can
thereby put the clutches in gear on one side to stop the carriage, then
put the opposite clutches in gear to lock the apparatus, and then
release the clutches on either side to start the carriage in the required
direction. When the adjusting wheels are placed at both ends of the
carriage we connect them by flat linked chains passing over toothed
wheels at the lower ends of the vertical crank shafts or by other suitable
gearing.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Joseph Ellicott Holmes and Fenner Ballou Taylor
in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 17th June 1872.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, JOSEPH
ELLICOTT HOLMES and FENNER, BALLOU TAYLOR, Civil and Mechanical
Engineers, both of Vowler Street, Walworth Road, in the County of
Surrey, send greeting.

page_text: WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty. Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Eighteenth day of December, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-one, in the
thirty-fifth year of Her reign, did, for Herself,-Her- heirs and successors,
give and grant unto us, the said Joseph Ellicott Holmes and Fenner
Ballou Taylor, Her special licence that we, the said Joseph Ellicott
Holmes and Fenner Ballou Taylor, our executors, administrators, and
assigns, or such others as we, the said Joseph Ellicott Holmes and
Fenner Ballou Taylor, our executors, administrators, and assigns, should
at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all
times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully
might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of
Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an
Invention for "AN IMPROVED BRAKE AND STARTING APPARATUS FOR TRAMWAY
AND RAILWAY CARRIAGES AND OTHER VEHICLES," upon the condition (amongst
others) that we, the said Joseph Ellicott Holmes and Fenner Ballou
Taylor, our executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing
under our or their hands and seals, or under. the hand and seal of
one of us or them, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature
of the said Invention, and in, what manner the same was to be per-
formed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great-Seal Patent Office
within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the
said Letters Patent.
1
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Joseph Ellicott Holmes, on behalf
of myself and the said Fenner Ballou Taylor, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement, reference being had to the accompanying Drawing
forming a part of this Specification:-
Our said Invention relates to apparatus to be applied to tramway cars
or carriages and other wheeled vehicles, which apparatus is so con-
structed and applied to the carriage or vehicle that it will stop the same
quickly and easily, and will accumulate power for starting the said
carriage or vehicle.
The object of our Invention is accomplished by a novel combination of
a spring or number of springs, toothed wheels, clutch boxes, adjusting
apparatus, and other appliances as herein-after-set-forth. We may

page_text: modify the arrangement of our improved apparatus in many ways, but
the following description, which refers more particularly to tramway cars
and similar vehicles, will enable its application and operation to be fully
understood.
understood.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING.
Figure 1 is a plan, partly in section, of our improved apparatus applied
to a tramway car.
Figure 2 is a longitudinal section of the same on the line x, x, Figure 1.
Like letters indicate the same parts in both Figures.
a is the platform or frame of the car; b, b, are the wheels; and c, c,
the axles; d, d, are the rails on which the said car runs. Near the
centre of each axle c of the car or carriage we place two mitre or bevel
wheels e. These wheels are fitted loosely on the axles c, and are geared
with similar bevel wheels fon a counter shaft g, which extends length-
wise of the carriage between the two axles c. The bevel or mitre
wheels e on the said axles are kept properly apart by tubular T pieces h,
which are fitted on the said axles and form bearings for the ends of the
aforesaid counter shaft g. Around this shaft we coil a spiral or helical
spring or two or more of such springs, the same being made fast at the
ends to the bevel or mitre wheels f on the shaft g; j is a tube which
encloses the spring i. Each of the bevel or mitre wheels e is formed
with clutch teeth or notches e¹ to correspond with similar teeth or
notches on clutch sleeves k which are fitted to slide on the axles C, but
are caused to turn therewith by splines, keys, or projections 7 on the
said axles fitting grooves in the wheels. These splines are so arranged
that they also serve as means for keeping the bevel or mitre wheels in
their proper position endwise on the said axles.
i
From the above description it will be obvious that the clutch sleeves k
although free to slide on the axles are compelled always to rotate there-
with, whereas the bevel or mitre wheels e when out of gear with the
said clutch sleeves will not turn with the said axles; therefore the
spring is not acted upon, and the apparatus remains inoperative. But
if the clutches k at either side of the carriage are thrown into gear the
counter shaft g with its wheels f is revolved, and the spring i is either
coiled or uncoiled (according to the side thrown into gear) till the
tension of said spring overcomes the momentum of the carriage, or the
wheels slide on the rails or road. Then the driver or conductor throws

page_text: the clutches on the opposite side into gear, thereby locking the apparatus
and preventing any recoil of the carriage.
A force equal or nearly equal to that expended in stopping the carriage
is thus accumulated and reserved by the apparatus, and when it-is
desired to start the carriage this force is caused to expend itself in over-
coming the inertia thereof, and.starting it in either direction as herein-
before set forth. The shaft prevents the coiling of the spring too
tightly, and the tube g limits the extent of its uncoiling.
す
14
The above-described brake and starting apparatus may be combined
with any suitable devices for adjusting the clutches, but we prefer to
use for the purpose our improved mechanism, which is as follows:-
Extending along the bottom of the car or other vehicle, and supported
to rock or vibrate in suitable bearings attached to the same, are two rods
or bars m, which are provided with clutch levers n properly forked and
fitted between collars ¹ on the clutch sleeves k. At one or both ends
of the carriage the said rods or bars have other levers o which are con-
nected by rods or links p to a vertical double crank shaft q. This shaft
extends up above the platform or bottom of the carriage, and is pro-
vided at its upper end with a hand wheel or handle q', whereby the
apparatus is adjusted. This wheel-or-handle is arranged in combination
with a quadrant or stop r. The ends of the connecting links or rods p
which take hold of the cranks have long slots or apertures p² which
permit the said crank shaft to be moved for a certain distance without
moving, either of the rods. The hand wheel q' is provided with an
adjustable pin q², and the quadrant has holes for the reception of the
end of this pin. By this contrivance the operator is enabled quickly
and accurately to effect the required adjustment of the clutches, that
is to say, he can thereby put the clutches in gear on one side to stop the
carriage, then put the opposite clutches in gear to lock the apparatus,
and then release the clutches on either side to start the carriage in-tlie
required direction. When the adjusting contrivances are placed at both
ends of the car or other vehicle we connect the crank shafts Չ together
by flat linked chains * passing over toothed wheels q³ at the lower ends
of the said crank shafts or by other suitable gearing.
--
Having thus fully described our said Invention, and the manner of
performing the same, we wish it understood that we claim,
5

page_text: so arranged and operating in combination with the axles of a car or
other vehicle that the said apparatus may be adjusted to accumulate
power in stopping the vehicle, and to utilize the power so accumulated
in starting the said vehicle.
Second. In combination with the said apparatus the crank shaft and
hand wheel, and parts in connection with the same, whereby the said
apparatus is made readily adjustable and controllable by the driver of
the said car or other vehicle as herein set forth.
In witness whereof, I, the aforesaid Joseph Ellicott Holmes, on
behalf of myself and the said Fenner Ballou Taylor, have here-
unto set my hand and seal, this Fifteenth day of June, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-
tavo
JOSEPH ELLICOTT HOLMES. (L.S.)
5 Witness,
WM. ROBT. LAKE,
8, Southampton Buildings,
London.