IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR FREEZING AND COOLING LIQUIDS AND MIXING SYRUPS
Year: 1862

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Giovanni Battista Toselli, of 41, Threadneedle Street,
in the City of London, Architect, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
APPARATUS FOR FREEZING AND COOLING LIQUIDS AND MIXING SYRUPS."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Giovanni Battista
Toselli at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 4th June 1862.
I, GIOVANNI BATTISTA TOSELLI, of 41, Threadneedle Street; in the City of
London, Architect, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR FREEZING AND COOLING LIQUIDS AND MIXING
SYRUPS," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists of arranging an apparatus so as to give it a vertical
rotary motion, in order that the refrigerating compound shall act quickly and
efficaciously, and also to change continually the positions of the liquids.to be
congealed for the purpose of disengaging the air; which Invention will be
clearly understood by reference to the figures and letters on the accompanying
Sheet of Drawings.
In Fig. 1, which is an external elevation, a represents the body of the
machine or apparatus; b and c, covers, for the purpose of shutting it up by

page_text: means of the two pressure screws d and e.
Fixed to the body a are two pivots
f and g, which turn in holes or bearings in the supports h and i. In the
vertical section, Fig. 2, and sectional plan, Fig. 3, shewing the interior of the
machine, represents an internal cylinder or receiver, in which is placed
the liquid to be frozen; an intermediate space to hold the refrigerating com-
pounds; and m an external casing, which may contain simply air, sawdust,
powdered charcoal, or any matter which is a bad conductor of heat, or, if
desirable, water may be placed within it to become cool.
The method of operating is as follows:-The covers are removed, as seen
in Fig. 2, and the water or other liquid to be frozen is placed in the receiver
k, which is then hermetically closed, a ring of caoutchouc placed between the
cover and the upper surface of the machine being used for this purpose, after
which the machine is reversed, as seen in Fig. 4, and the refrigerating means
or compound are introduced into the intermediate space 7, and then the second
cover is put on. In order to obtain the desired congelation, it is only necessary
to give the machine a gentle rotary motion for about ten or twelve minutes,
or in a less proportion of time when only required for cooling.
It
If it be only desired very rapidly to freshen any liquids or drinks, the
.machine may be arranged in the following manner :-Fig. 5 represent a front
view; Fig. 6, a longitudinal section; and Fig. 7, a transverse section.
consists of two cylindrical and concentrical recipients or receivers within each
other, united by the rotatory axis n, o, Fig. 6, which rests on two lateral
supports p, q. The machine has two small tubes opposite one another, one
which is put into the first recipient, and the other into the second. The liquid
to be frozen or freshened is introduced by the small tube 2, and after having
half
closed it by means of a cork or stopper, the machine is caused to make a
turn to bring up the second small tube, through which the refrigerating media
are made to enter. The said small tube s is also closed, and then the machine
is put in motion by a simple impulsion. After the lapse of a minute or two
the liquid or drink will be ready for use.
The arrangement of the liquids or fluids may be reversed by putting the
refrigerating mixtures in the centre and the liquids or drink around. Also a
motion of great rapidity may be given to the machine by applying a second
axis and a pulley put in motion by a handle, as is shewn at t, u, v, Fig. 5.
It is well understood that the concentrical vessels should be made of mate-
rials suitable for the effect they are to produce, that is to say, of pewter, tin, or
other hygienic matters.
The following are some of the advantages and results of my improved system.

page_text: First, by continually turning the freezing machine the refrigerating com-
pound becomes efficacious more rapidly.
Second, the liquid contained in the middle receiver no longer remaining
united or compact in consequence of the said vertical rotation, but putting
itself in motion and disposing of itself in very fine layers, the congelation
becomes more rapid, and consequently more abundant.
Third, by the said successive superposition of small portions of water, it
happens that the air, naturally combined with the water, disengages itself from
it, and the crystallization of the ice becomes more clear, and also more compact,
than it can be by the other known processes.
Fourth, syrups destined for the formation of sherbets are mixed by the
vertical rotation, which produces a continual friction on them, so as to form a
homogeneous paste without pieces of ice, and without the necessity of stirring
them from time to time with a wooden spatula or spoon, as the ice makers are
accustomed to do.
Thus this Invention consists, firstly, in the vertical rotation of the liquids to
be congealed.
Secondly, in the very simple shape of the machine with concentric sides and
with opposite openings, whether such machines be made in whole or in part of
metal, or in whole or in part of other materials more or less conductors of heat.
Thirdly, in the said machines being suitable for the production of ice by
means of chemical processes, or for producing jellies, or for simply freshening
liquids or drinks.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Giovanni Battista Toselli in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 4th December 1862.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I GIOVANNI
BATTISTA TOSELLI, of 41, Threadneedle Street, in the City of London, Architect,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Fourth day of June, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-two, in the twenty-fifth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said Giovanni Battista Toselli, Her special licence, that I, the said Giovanni
Battista Toselli, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others

page_text: as I, the said Giovanni Battista Toselli, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and
at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully
night make, use, exercise, and vend within the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention'
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR FREEZING AND COOLING LIQUIDS AND MIXING
SYRUPS," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Giovanni
Battista Toselli, my executors or adminstrators, by an instrument in writing
under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals should particularly
lescribe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner
the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great
Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the
date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Giovanni Battista Toselli, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement, that is to say:-
This Invention consists of arranging an apparatus so as to give it a
horizontal rotary motion in order that the refrigerating compound shall
receive a vertical motion, so that it shall act quickly and effecaciously, and also
to change continually the positions of the liquids to be congealed. for the
urpose of disengaging the air, which Invention will be clearly understood by
reference to the figures and letters on the accompanying Sheet of Drawings.
In Fig. 1, which is an external elevation, a represents the body of the
machine or apparatus; b and c, covers for the purpose of shutting it up by
means of the two presure screws d. and e. Fixed to the body a are two
pivots f and 9. which turn in holes or bearings in the supports hand-i. In
the vertical section Fig. 2, and sectional plan Fig. 8, shewing the interior of
the machine, k represents an internal cylinder or receiver, in which is placed
the liquid to be frozen; l, an intermediate space to hold the refrigerating
compounds; and m an external casing which may contain simply air, saw-
dust, powdered charcoal, or any matter which is a bad conductor of heat; or
if desirable, water may be placed within it to become cool.
The method of operating is as follows:-The covers are removed as seen in
Fig. 2, and the water or other liquid to be frozen is placed in the receiver k,
which is then hermetically closed, a ring of caoutchouc placed between the
cover and the upper surface of the machine being used for this purpose, after
which the machine is reversed as seen in Fig. 4, and the refrigerating means

page_text: or compound are introduced into the intermediate space 1, and then the second
cover is put on. In order to obtain the desired congelation it is only neces--
sary to give the machine a gentle rotary motion for about ten or twelve
minutes, or in a less proportion of time when only required for cooling.
If it be only desired very rapidly to freshen any liquids or drinks, the
machine may
be arranged in the following manner :-Fig. 5 represents a front
view; Fig. 6 a longitudinal section; and Fig. 7 a transverse section; it con-
sists of two cylindrical and concentrical recipients or receivers within each
other, united by the rotatory axis n, o, Fig. 6, which rests on two lateral
supports p, g.
The machine has two small tubés opposite one another, one
which is put into the first recipient, and the other into the second..
The liquid to be frozen or freshened is introduced by the small tube 7, and
after having closed it by means of a cork or stopper the machine is caused to
make a half turn to bring up the second small tube, through which the refri-
gerating media are made to enter. The said small tube s is also closed, and
then the inachine is put in motion by a simple impulsion. After the lapse of
a minute or two the liquid or drink will be ready for use. The arrangement
of the liquids or fluids may be reversed by putting the refrigerating mixtures
in the centre, and the liquids or drinks around. Also a motion of great
rapidity may be given to the machine by applying a second axis, and a pulley
put in motion by a handle as is shewn at t, u, v, Fig. 5..
After careful experiments, I have been satisfied that the best way of
thoroughly following out the principle of letting the liquids dispose themselves
in strata one above the other, and thus produce a quick and perfect crystal-
lization, I have found out that it is not necessary in order to obtain this
end to give the machine a complete revolution, but it is quite. sufficient to
oscillate it round its axis as shewn by the dotted lines in Fig. 8. The same
thing may be done when the vessel forming the machine does not oscillate on
trunnions revolving on bearings fixed to the frame, but is merely suspended
by the ends by means of four ropes or chains C, D, E, F, attached to the top
rod A, B, of the frame, Fig. 9. In this case it is sufficient to push the machine.
right and left alternately as shewn in the said Fig. 9.
Another arrangement of the machine is shewn in Fig. 10. The machine
or vessel is fixed on the base of a semicircular support or frame G, H, I, K, L,
in which the axis of the vessel is placed longitudinally, so that the machine
and the frame may be made to oscillate together.
A fourth arrangement of the machine is shewn in Fig. 11. The vessel is
fixed on the base M, N, of a triangular frame, the apex O of which is down-

page_text: wards, and the machine and frame is made to oscillate on this apex. Of all
these arrangements, however, the best and simplest is the first, with the
machine revolving round its centre on a fixed frame; but as they all produce
the same effect of causing the liquid to dispose itself in strata when cooling, I
claim them all, whether the machine is made to accomplish an entire revolu-
tion round its axis, or simply to oscillate to and fro as in Fig. 8, or is
suspended by chains, Fig. 9; and lastly, whether the machine and the frame
move together, as in Figs. 10 and 11.
Sometimes I place the machine horizontally on two standards by means of
trunnions attached to its ends, and then revolve it round its axis. by means of
a crank and handle, or any other suitable mechanism, as shewn in Fig. 12.
This last arrangement may be changed to the position shewn in Fig. 13, by
simply inclining the axis of. the machine. It is well understood that the con-
centrical vessels should be made. of materials suitable for the effect they are to
produce, that is to say, of pewter, tin, or other hygienic matters.
The following are some of the advantages and results of my improved
system.
First, by continually turning the freezing machine the refrigerating com-
pound becomes efficacious more rapidly.
Secondly, the liquid contained in the middle receiver no longer remaining
united or compact, in consequence of the said vertical rotation, but putting
itself in motion and disposing of itself in very fine layers, the congelation
becomes more rapid, and consequently more abundant.
Thirdly, by the said successive superposition of small portions of water, it
happens that the air, naturally combined with the water, disengages itself from
it, and the crystallization of the ice becomes more clear, and also more
compact, than it can be by the other known processes.
Fourthly, syrups destined for the formation of sherbets are mixed by the
vertical rotation, which produces a continual friction on them, so as to form a
homogeneous paste without pieces of ice, and without the necessity of stirring
them from time to time with a wooden spatula or spoon, as the ice makers are
accustomed to do.
Thus this Invention consists, first, in the vertical rotation of the liquids to
be congealed.
Secondly, in the very simple shape of the machine with concentric sides,
and with opposite openings, whether such machines be made in whole or in
part of metal, or in whole or in part of other materials more or less conductors
of heat

page_text: Thirdly, in the said machines being suitable for the production of ice by
means of chemical processes, or for producing jellies, or for simply freshening.
liquids or drinks.
Having now described the nature and particulars of my said Invention, I
claim the improvements in apparatus for freezing and cooling liquids and
mixing syrups, as herein described and illustrated in the accompanying Sheet
of Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said Giovanni Battista Toselli, have
hereunto set my hand and seal, this Twenty-eighth day of
November in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and
sixty-two
G. B. TOSELLI. (L.S.)