IMPROVEMENTS IN UMBRELLAS, SUNSHADES, AND PARASOLS
Year: 1869

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Lawrence Engel, of Mumford Court, Milk
Street, in the City of London, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS
IN UMBRELLAS, SUNSHADES, AND PARASOLS."
Sealed the 11th May 1869, and dated the 16th March 1869.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Lawrence Engel at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
16th March 1869.
I, LAWRENCE ENGEL, of Mumford Court, Milk Street, in the City of
London, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "In-
PROVEMENTS IN UMBRELLAS, SUNSHADES, AND PARASOLS," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in umbrellas, sun-
shades, and parasols. In order to avoid the covering of silk or other
material being worn by the end of the stretcher when it is jointed to
the rib and by the pin or rivet of the joint, I attach to the rib at this
point a guard of metal which is formed with two side plates to overlap
the joint which connects the stretcher with the rib, and by so doing

page_text: keep this joint from rubbing against the covering. The guard is by
preference attached to the rib at its two ends, which are caused to lap
over the rib or embrace it.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Lawrence Engel in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 16th September 1869.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, LAWRENCE
ENGEL, of Mumford Court, Milk Street, in the City of London, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Sixteenth day of March, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-nine, in the thirty-
second year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give
and grant unto me, the said Lawrence Engel, Her special licence that
I, the said Lawrence Engel, my executors, administrators, and assigns,
or such others as I, the said Lawrence Engel, my executors, adminis-
trators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from
time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein
expressed, should and lawfully might make, usc, exercise, and vend,
within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN UMBRELLAS,
SUNSHADES, AND PARASOLS," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the
said Lawrence Engel, my executors or administrators, by an instrument
in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should
particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention,
and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same
to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months
next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Lawrence Engel, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is
to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement thereof, that is to say:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in umbrellas, sun-
shades, and parasols. In order to avoid the covering of silk or other

page_text: material being worn by the end of the stretcher where it is jointed to
the rib, and by the pin or rivet of the joint, I attach to the rib at this
point a guard of metal which is formed with two side plates to overlap
the joint which connects the stretcher with the rib, and by so doing
keep this joint from rubbing against the covering. The guard is by
preference attached to the rib at its two ends, which are caused to lap
over the rib or embrace it.
the rib, and by the pin or rivet of the joint, I attach to the rib at this
point a guard of metal which is formed with two side plates to overlap
the joint which connects the stretcher with the rib, and by so doing
keep this joint from rubbing against the covering. The guard is by
preference attached to the rib at its two ends, which are caused to lap
over the rib or embrace it.
And in order that my said Invention may be most fully understood
and readily carried into effect, I will proceed to describe the Drawings
hercunto annexed.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Figure 1 shows to an enlarged scale a side view of portions of a
stretcher and rib with the joint between them covered with a metal
guard according to my Invention.
a is the stretcher, and the rib of an umbrella, parasol, or sunshade;
c is the guard covering the joint; it is held to the rib by lugs at c¹, c¹, as
is more clearly seen at Figure 2, which is a transverse section of the
rib with the guard upon it taken through the lugs c; Figure 3 is a
section taken through the pin of the joint connecting the rib and
stretcher; Figure 4 shews in plan a strip of metal cut to the shape suit-
able for making the guard and requiring only to be bent into form and
closed upon the rib.
In witness whereof, I, the said Lawrence Engel, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Sixteenth day of September, in the
year of our Lord One thousand cight hundred and sixty-nine.
LAWRENCE ENGEL. (L.S.)