IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF MANURE
Year: 1859

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Mannix, of Wolverhampton, M.D., for the
Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF MANURE."
Sealed the 20th April 1860, and dated the 5th November 1859.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Mannix at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 5th
November 1859.
I, WILLIAM MANNIX, of Wolverhampton, M.D., do hereby declare the
nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF MANURE,"
to be as follows:―
This Invention has for its object improvements in the manufacture of
manure. It is well known that in the manufacture of manure where phos-
phates, or night soil, or blood are or is used, that very offensive products are
passed into the atmosphere and become nuisances in inhabited neighbourhoods.
Now my Invention consists in subjecting such matters when preparing them
in the manufacture of manure, to the following process:-A closed vessel is
employed, such as has before been used in the manufacture of phosphatic
manures, as well as for boiling or evaporating other matters, from the upper
part of which rises a pipe which communicates with a close vessel into which
water is supplied, and divided into numerous jets so as to intimately mix with
the vapours or products coming from the matters under process. From the

page_text: lower part of this condensing vessel descends a pipe which is upwards of thirty
feet in length, and it is turned up at its lower end similar to what has been
used in other processes of manufacture. By this arrangement a state of
vacuum will be maintained in the vessel in which the manure making matters
are contained, and the processes carried on therein will thereby be facilitated
and improved, whilst at the same time the vapours arising therefrom will be
condensed and prevented going into the atmosphere in an offensive condition.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said William Mannix in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
4th May 1860.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
MANNIX, of Wolverhampton, M.D., send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Fifth day of November, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-nine, in the twenty-third year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her beirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said William Mannix, Her special licence that I, the said William Mannix,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said
William Mannix, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any
time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF MANURE," upon the condition (amongst others)
that I, the said William Mannix, my executors or administrators, by an
instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals,
should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention,
and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same
to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office. within six calendar months
next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said William Mannix, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement thereof, that is to say:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in the manufacture of
manure. It is well known that in the manufacture of manure where phos-

page_text: phates, or night soil, or blood is used, that very offensive products are passed
into the atmosphere and become nuisances in inhabited neighbourhoods.
Now my Invention consists in subjecting such matters when preparing
them in the manufacture of manure to the following process:-A closed vessel
is employed, such as has before been used in the manufacture of phosphatic
manures, as well as for boiling or evaporating other matters, from the upper
part of which rises a pipe which communicates with a closed vessel, into
which water is supplied and divided into numerous jets so as to intimately mix
with the vapours or products coming from the matters under process. From
the lower part of this condensing vessel descends a pipe which is upwards of
30 feet in length, and it is-turned up at its lower end similar to what has been
used in other processes of manufacture. By this arrangement a state of
vacuum will be maintained in the vessel in which the manure making matters
are contained, and the processes carried on therein will thereby be facilitated
and improved, whilst at the same time the vapours arising therefrom will be
condensed and prevented going into the atmosphere in an offensive condition.
Having thus stated the nature of my said Invention, I will proceed more
fully to describe the manner of performing the same.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING.
Figure 1 shews a side elevation of apparatus arranged suitably for carrying
out my Invention; Figure 2 shews the apparatus for condensing and washing
the vapours passing off from a closed vessel in which manures or materials to
be used in the manufacture of manures are being prepared. A shews part of
the top of a closed vessel in which matters used in the manufacture of manures
are prepared, and which, if the vapours or products were allowed to pass off
directly into the surrounding atmosphere, would produce a nuisance. B is a
pipe leading from the upper part of the closed vessel at A to the vessel C.
The vessel C is constantly supplied with numerous jets of water, or it may be
water having chemicals combined therewith suitable for acting chemically on
the vapours and products rising from the vessel A. By these means the pro-
ducts passing off from the process carried on in the vessel at A will be con-
densed, and a partial vacuum will be kept up in the vessel C in consequence
of the descending pipe D being upwards of 30 feet below the bottom of such
vessel. The lower end of the pipe D is turned up, and is covered by the water
in the covered trough E.
I have not thought it necessary to describe any of the various processes of
manure making, they being well understood, and at the same time they form
no part of my Juvention.

page_text: Having thus described the nature of my Invention, and the manner of per-
forming the same, I would have it understood that I make no claim to the
apparatus separately; but what I claim is the application of the apparatus
B, C, D, in combination with a close vessel A, when carrying on processes for
the preparation of matters used in the manufacture of manures.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Mannix, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this 26th day of April, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and sixty.
WILLIAM MANNIX. (L.s.)