matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
In- PROVEMENTS IN MEANS FOR OBTAINING IN METALS OR ALLOYS FAC-SIMILES OF WORKS OF ART AND DESIGNS IN RELIEF AND INTAGLIO COMPOSED OF METALS, WOOD, GEES, WAX, AND OTHER SUBSTANCES, AND ALSO OF TYPE, COG WHEELS, BEARINGS, AND OTHER PARTS OF MACHINERY
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Lawrence Barnett
Phillips at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents. with his
Petition, on the 16th January 1869.
I, LAWRENCE BARNETT PHILLIPS, of Queen Square, in the County of
Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "In-
PROVEMENTS IN MEANS FOR OBTAINING IN METALS OR ALLOYS FAC-SIMILES OF
WORKS OF ART AND DESIGNS IN RELIEF AND INTAGLIO COMPOSED OF METALS, WOOD,
GEES, WAX, AND OTHER SUBSTANCES, AND ALSO OF TYPE, COG WHEELS, BEARINGS,
AND OTHER PARTS OF MACHINERY," to be as follows:-
In order to carry out my Invention I first take a fac-simile of the
object to be copied by the usual methods employed to obtain an electro-
type in copper or other metal or alloy. This fac-simile will be found to
be an exact reverse of the original, but should a fac-simile of the reverse
of the original be required the usual electro or other reversing processes
must be employed previous to casting, so that the mould bears the
original either in relief or intaglio, as the case may be, and it is this
electrotype which is to be used as a mould or matrix into or upon which
the metal or alloy is to be poured or flushed by heat, the usual fluxes
being employed for that purpose.

page_text: For copying gems or fine or artistic work in gold, silver, or other
metal or alloy where great delicacy is required I prefer the following
method:-Having obtained a fac-simile by electrotype, as above stated,
I gild or plate (by preference) the surface thereof by the electro or any
other gilding or plating process, by which operation a surface completely
covering and filling up all the minutiae of detail on the electro surface
is obtained, and upon this gilding or plating I place the metal or alloy
in which I require a copy, the said metal or alloy being cut into small
picces, filings, or otherwise, and I introduce therewith such fluxes as
most easily cause the metal or metals or alloys to flush or melt under 1
the influence of heat applied in the furnace or by the blow pipe (or by
being poured on in a liquid state). When a sufficient quantity of metal
or alloy has been applied to obtain a copy of the desired thickness or
bulk it is allowed to cool or is immediately thrown into any acid, which
dissolves the copper mould and leaves the casting an exact fac-simile of 1
the original. If required the electro surface may receive a deposit
of plumbago or other chemical substance for facilitating the above
process.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE SHAPE AND MANUFACTURE OF BOBBINS OR SPOOLS, AND IN THE MACHINERY FOR WINDING ROVINGS THEREON
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Elce at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 21st September
1869.
JOHN ELCE, of the City of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster,
Machine Maker, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE SHAPE AND MANUFACTURE OF BOBBINS OR SPOOLS,
AND IN THE MACHINERY FOR WINDING ROVINGS THEREON," to be as follows:-
My Invention is applicable in the manufacture of bobbins or spools
on which rovings are wound, and it consists in making such bobbins
or spools with a conical flange at each end. Bobbins or spools of this
improved shape may be made of wood or other material.
My improvements in the manufacture of bobbins or spoils consist in
making the cylindrical portion of a piece of a tube of drawn steel.
The flanges are made of sheet steel or other metal stamped or pressed in
conical dies, and having a short cylindrical boss fitting in or on the tube,
the ends of the bobbin or spool are also made of sheet steel or other metal
stamped or pressed with a boss, the internal diameter of which fits the
spindle. The ends are made with notches to fit on the pin by which

page_text: the bobbin or spool is carried round, or the flanges may be made of
wood or other material. These improved bobbins or spools will contain
a greater length of roving than those made of the ordinary shape; the
roving is also better protected, and may be drawn off without breaking,
and the bobbins or spools can be filled either with or without pressers.
When pressers are used the pallets are tapered and rounded off to corre-
spond with the conical flanges of the bobbin or spool, whereas the usual'
flanged bobbins can only be filled without pressers. By this means
either hard or soft rovings can be wound on the improved shaped
bobbins or spools. As the layers are wound on the bobbin or spool they
increase gradually in length until the space between the conical ends
is filled, thus requiring a lengthening instead of a shortening motion in
the machine.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF FEATHERING SAILS FOR WINDMILLS
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Lewis George Moore at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 19th February 1869.
I, LEWIS GEORGE MOORE, of Erith, in the County of Kent, Civil
Engincer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF FEATHERING SAILS FOR WINDMILLS,"
to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in an arrangement for feathering the sails of
windmills by means of the wind acting on the sails and causing those
sails meeting the wind to turn edgewise and offer no resistance to the
wind while the opposite sail is at right angles to it, presenting the whole
area of the sale to the wind.
This Invention requires no vane or adjustment to vary its, position
according to the direction of the wind, but is always adjusted whatever
direction the wind may come from, the feathering being adjusted by the
wind; it may be fixed on a single pole without framework. The
opposite arms are made extending from the extreme end of one sail
to the extreme end of the other and opposite sail, thereby having the

page_text: two sails opposite to each other on one arm. The two sails are fixed on
this arm at right angles to each other, and the arm is held in such a
manner on the axis that it can partly revolve and the sails move with
it, so that when one sail is in position to catch the wind the opposite
sail coming against the wind is edgewise and offers little resistance.
The arms are fixed on the sails at a point a little above the centre
of gravity, and stops are provided to prevent the arm turning more
than required for feathering the sails, which are under the control of a
governor worked by the wind.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF STEAM ENGINES
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Jamieson and Thomas
Holt at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 30th April 1869..
We, JOHN JAMIESON, of Oldham, and THOMAS HOLT, of Rochdale,
both in the County of Lancaster, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF STEAM ENGINES,"
to be as follows:-
Our improvements relate, firstly, to the slide valves used in steam
engines; and, secondly, to the apparatus employed for communicating
motion from the excentrics to the same..
In carrying out the first part of our Invention we employ four valves
having a steam valve and an exhaust valve at each end of the cylinder,
each working independently on the facing of its respective port, the
valves being of a plate form, and the exhaust ports and their valves
being of about twice the area of the steam ports and their valves. The
rods which act on the valves are divided in the centre and are connected
together by a double screw coupling, one end having a right-handed
and the other end a left-handed screw, so that by turning the coupling

page_text: in one direction or the other the rods may be lengthened or shortened,
and thus the amount of expansion may be regulated to the required
degree. By this arrangement of valves we obtain a much more perfect
vacuum and a quicker exhaust, and are enabled to work the steam much
more economically, and hence effect a considerable economy in the
consumption of fuel.
In carrying out the second part of our Invention, instead of connecting
the excentric rod directly to the valve rod (where a direct action is used)
or to the valve lever (where a way shaft is employed) we interpose
between the end of the excentric rod and the valve rod or lever a "toggle-
jointed" link, by means of which the throw or traverse of the valve
may be increased or diminished without altering the excentric or its
position on the crank shaft, the length of the excentric rod being
expanded or contracted by altering the position of the fixed centre ou
which the "toggle jointed" links work.
THE TREATMENT OF MOLTEN IRON IN ORDER TO FREE IT FROM ALL IMPURITIES
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Robert Lumley at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
10th May 1869.
I, HENRY ROBERT LUMLEY, of 14, Marlborough Place, St. John's
Wood, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "THE
TREATMENT OF MOLTEN IRON IN ORDER TO FREE IT FROM ALL IMPURITIES," to be
as follows:-
I claim a more simple, rapid, & complete process of treating molten
iron in order to free it from all impurities than is at present accomplished
by any other method. Instead of forcing air through a mass of molten
iron I allow molten iron to fall from a sufficient height in the smallest
particles or in a thin shower through an upward rushing blast of heated
air, by this means the complete certainty is obtained of the whole surface
of even the minutest particle of the mass of molten iron coming into
rapid contact with & being purified by the heated air. The molten iron
when it has all fallen through the upward blast of heated air into a
receiver below is lifted to the place whence it was projected, is reheated
& skimmed when necessary, & then submitted again to the same process
of falling through heated or cold air. This is repeated till the required

page_text: degree of purity is obtained. This method is simple, rapid, and accurate,
and assures with a much greater certainty than hitherto the utmost purity
of every particle that is contained in the whole body of the mass of iron
when it becomes cold. Hence this is an important improvement in the
manufacture of iron.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LOCKS, LATCHES, OR BOLTS FOR FASTENING THE DOORS OF RAILWAY CARRIAGES, WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE ALSO APPLICABLE TO OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Rogers Thomson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
20th October 1869.
I, WILLIAM ROGERS THOMSON, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark,
North Britain, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN LOCKS, LATCHES, OR BOLTS FOR FASTENING THE DOORS OF
RAILWAY CARRIAGES, WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE ALSO APPLICABLE TO OTHER
PURPOSES," to be as follows, that is to say :-
This Invention relates to a self-acting lock, latch, or bolt especially
adapted for fastening or securing the doors of railway and other carriages,
so that by its adaptation the door is fastened in the act of closing it,
and the possibility of the doors being left open by the omission of the
guard or other person in charge of the train to lock the doors is reduced
to a minimum. The self-acting lock, latch, or bolt is also applicable to
other purposes; it consists of a box which fits and is secured into a
mortice or recess cut in the door or lid to be fastened. The lock, latch,
or bolt piece is formed with a projecting head, and the side of which is
inclined, curved, or chamfered, so that on being pressed or forced against
the door post or other structural detail which contains the catch piece

page_text: it yields, and the projecting head enters the catch piece, so that the door
or lid is prevented from falling or being pushed open. The lock, latch,
or bolt piece is fitted in a socket in the box as in the lock at present used
in railway carriage doors, so that it may be turned therein by a key
placed through the hole in the bearing piece, and when so turned the
lock, latch, or bolt is rendered still more secure. The lock, latch, or bolt
piece is acted upon by a spring which yields and acts on it so as to
render it self-acting, as herein-before set forth.
IMPROVEMENTS IN RAG ENGINES FOR THE PREPARATION OF PAPER PULP
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Frederick Newell at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 6th October 1869.-A communication from abroad by Jean
Baptiste Lammens, of Maestricht, in the Kingdom of Holland.
I, THOMAS FREDERICK NEWELL; of Nos. 7 and 8, Cloak Lane, in thế
City of London, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN RAG ENGINES FOR THE PREPARATION OF PAPER PULP," to
be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in rag engines for the
preparation of paper pulp. The rag engine by which rags and other
paper-making materials are reduced to pulp consists of an oval tank
containing the materials to be treated floated or suspended in water. A.
partition runs along the centre of the tank but does not extend to the
ends; it aids in maintaining a regular eircular flow around the tank.
The materials in the tank are set in motion by a roll mounted on one
side of the partition and caused rapidly to revolve. The roll has cutting
blades fixed upon it and works against a plate immediately beneath it
and resting on the bottom of the tank. In the plate other cutting
blades are fixed, and by the action of these blades the fibre of the rags
or paper-making material is reduced to the length required.

page_text: According to this Invention in order that the pressure of the roll upon
the plate may be adjusted as may be required and may be prevented from
ever becoming excessive the roll is counterpoised; its bearings are carried
by a frame capable of rocking on studs or pivots fixed on the sides of
the tank. The frame is of a U form and passes around one end of the !
tank, and its extremities, which project beyond the studs or pivots on
which it rocks, have the counterpoise weights applied to them more or
less as may be required. By means of a screw acting with a nut at the
bow end of the frame the roll may be lifted when required.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CALICO PRINTERS' BLANKETS
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Moseley at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 29th
November 1869.
I, JOSEPH MOSELEY, of the Firm of David Moseley and Sons, of
Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, India-rubber Manufacturers,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CALICO PRINTERS' BLANKETS," to be as follows:-
The nature of my Invention consists in manufacturing calico printers'
blankets of cotton or other woven fabrics combined with india-rubber.
My improved blanket consists of an outer surface or surfaces of steam
vulcanized india-rubber, the said surface or surfaces being impressed or
roughened by spreading the india-rubber on a suitably prepared woven
fabric, from which it is afterwards separated, or in any other suitable
manner.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CON- STRUCTION OF NUTS AND BOLTS
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Page Cooper at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 27th
April 1869.
I, JOHN PAGE COOPER, of Bow, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CON-
STRUCTION OF NUTS AND BOLTS," to be as follows:-
The object of my Invention is to construct nuts and bolts in such a
manner that the nuts when screwed up on the bolts cannot become loose
by vibrations or otherwise.
The Invention consists in forming a recess in the face or other part of
the nut, and in fitting a paul in the recess. The bolt is made with a
series of grooves or channels for the entire length of its threaded portion,
into one or other of which grooves the paul is caused to take. A spring
or other appliance may be employed to act upon the paul. In some
cases the bolt is provided with a recess for the reception of the paul,
which takes into the grooves or channels in the threaded or other

page_text: portion of the nut. Any number of recesses and pauls may be employed.
In order to admit of the nut being removed by unscrewing I form a hole
in the side of the nut or bolt, and cause a pin passed into the hole to
bear upon the paul and remove it from the groove or channel.
AN IMPROVED VELOCIPEDE
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Harry William Lobb at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
10th April 1869.
I, HARRY WILLIAM LOBB, of Sackville Street, Piccadilly, in the
County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "AN IMPROVED VELOCIPEDE," to be as follows:-
The velocipede which forms the subject of the present Invention is
constructed with two wheels of large diameter and formed of iron or of
iron in combination with other suitable material or materials, and con-
nected by a transverse axle, on the ends of which the wheels are
respectively mounted so as to be free to revolve thereon. The axle is
bent in a backward direction, somewhat in the form of a double crank.
A bar of T iron passes through or is attached vertically to the centre of
the axle, the same being curved, and the upper part provided with a
wooden back furnished with a suitable padding for the support of the
shoulders of the velocipedist. The lower end of the bar is provided with
a small padded saddle, on which the velocipedist sits when sufficient
propulsive power has been imparted to the wheels. The bar is adjusted
and fixed by a set screw or screws. A leather band is attached by means

page_text: of a button or other suitable contrivance to either end of the axle, and
against which the velocipedist leans for the purpose of giving the
requisite propulsive thrust, which is assisted in first starting, or whenever
necessary, by his taking a few steps in a forward direction whilst
exerting pressure on the band. The wheels are of such a size that the
centre of gravity of the body comes beneath the centre of the axle. Two
shoes of iron or other suitable material or waterproof leggings may be
suspended from the axle for the purpose of saving the boots of the
velocipedist. The machine is guided by means of a bent iron rod in
front of and connected with the axle, and which is operated by the
hands of the velocipedist.
IMPROVEMENTS IN METALLIC CARTRIDGES AND IN THE METHODS OF MANUFACTURING THE SAME
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alexander Horace Brandon
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 1st. March 1869.-A communication from Burkley Benjamin
Hotchkiss, residing at 13, Rue Gaillon, Paris, France.
I, ALEXANDER HORACE BRANDON, of 13, Rue Gaillon, Paris, Empire,
of France, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN METALLIC CARTRIDGES AND IN THE METHODS
OF MANUFACTURING THE SAME," a communication, to, be as follows:-
These improvements relate to that class of metallic cartridges where.
the head and the shell are made of one piece of metal.
To form my cartridges I take a blank round piece of metal of the
required thickness, and form it under a press with suitable dies into a
concave cup. I successively pass this cup through decreasing sizes of
dies, so that the sides of the same are gradually drawn out and form
the shell of the cartridge, the head during this time retaining its original
thickness. I then compress the head under a press, by which I form the
rim, the recess or cavity in which the priming cap is placed, and if
requisite pierce the hole by which the fire communicates with the charge.
The tools used for this purpose are so shaped as to leave at the place

page_text: where the head and shell unite inside the cartridge additional metal
forming a circular concave shoulder. The recess or cavity can be
adapted for central-fire, or for annular-fire, the anvil for central-fire
being either a separate piece inserted with the cap or forming part of the
cartridge itself in the shape of a raised teat. I also manufacture these
cartridges for receiving a peculiar shaped cap capable of ignition both by
annular or by central percussion. The said cap is somewhat similar to an
ordinary percussion cap with a projecting flange, the head being charged
with fulminate not only under the fold of said flange but also under
the entire head. The cartridge for this description of cap I manufacture
with a central hole for the insertion of the cap, and a circular cavity for
the reception of its flange or rim, and in this case I cither make the
cartridge of one solid piece of metal with or without the additional metal
at its internal angle as above stated, or in the latter case with an internal
thimble or ring for the purpose of about doubling the thickness of metal
of the cartridge at the head under the recess for the flange of the cap
and a certain distance down the shell.
IMPROVEMENTS IN STEP LADDERS
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Arent de Peyster Chance at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
15th January 1869.-A communication from abroad by Furderer
and Company, of Metz, in the Empire of France, Furniture
Manufacturers.
I, ARENT DE PEYSTER OILANCE, of Birmingham, in the County of
Warwick, Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN STEP LADDERS," being a communication
to me from abroad by Furderer and Company, of Metz, in the Empire of
France, Furniture Manufacturers, to be as follows :—
This Invention has for its object the construction of step ladders so as
to admit of their folding together. For this purpose the sides are formed
in pairs of bars of angle iron or other suitable metal or metals jointed
together by means of a pin or otherwise, the bars on each side being con-
nected together at their upper and lower ends by horizontal rods. The
said bars of angle iron or other metal or metals when opened out on
their joints form an X at each side of the step ladder. To the horizontal
rods at the upper part of the said bars are connected by collars jointed
metal straps, to which are fastened two boards, one on each side of the

page_text: joints. By means of the said metal straps and the before-named
horizontal rods a frame is constituted capable of supporting the said
boards which form the top of the step ladder, and when the sides are
opened out afford a stand or top step. To the outside inclined bars are
suspended (by means of metal straps with ears or lugs capable of
turning on pins in the said bars) two boards, one under the other, con-
nected together by metal straps moving on pins at their ends. By this
means the two boards form- the two lower steps of the ladder, and from
the arrangement of the metal straps and the inclined side bars they are
firmly supported so as to become capable of bearing weights as required.
When it is required to fold the step ladder the top metal straps and
boards are folded together by moving them on the joints of the straps, by
which means the inclined side bars are moved on their joints until they
are brought together; the two lower boards or steps are then folded
back against the said bars, the metal straps to which they are fastened
turning on their pivots in the bars for this purpose. A step ladder with
two lower steps has been described above, but the number of steps
may be varied; there may be only one step or there may be more
than two steps, the metal straps being arranged accordingly as required.
The top and other steps may be made either of wood, metal, plain or
perforated, papier maché, or other suitable material or combination of
materials.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SHEARS SPECIALLY APPLICABLE TO THOSE USED FOR SHEEP. SHEARING
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Elisha Bishop at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 9th June.
1869.
I, ELISHA BISHOP, of Sheffield, in the County of York, Sheep Shear-
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN SHEARS SPECIALLY APPLICABLE TO THOSE USED FOR SHEEP.
SHEARING," to be as follows:-
These improvements consist in so constructing shears (especially when
to be used for sheep shearing) that the necessity of having a spring
rivetted on to the shears to act in opening and shutting the same in
cutting is dispensed with; the spring being formed in the shears,
whereby great economy in construction and improvement in action
are effected.
Shears constructed according to my Invention are to be made blades
and handle all in one piece of metal, or at least of several pieces so
connected together as to be the same in effect as one piece; the handle

page_text: part, which has a bow at the end, has at that part a curve or loop, so
that one part of the curve or loop abuts against the other, and thus acts
as an efficient spring in the opening and shutting of the shears. The
metal must of course possess sufficient elasticity to ensure the required
action.
IMPROVEMENTS IN GAS PENDANTS AND CHANDELIERS
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry De Garrs at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 17th May
1869.
I, HENRY DE GARRS, Brass & Wood Turner, of No. 2, Summerfield
Street, Ecclesall Road, in the Township of Ecclesall Bierlow, Sheffield, in
the County of York, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention.
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN GAS PENDANTS AND CHANDELIERS," to be as follows:-
These improvements apply only to those kinds of gas pendants and
chandeliers which slide up and down. I insert in the inside of these
an elastic or spring tube for conveying the gas to the burner, so that the
gas pipe retains an unbroken connection whether the pendant be slid up
or down.
IMPROVEMENTS IN FASTENINGS AND CLASPS FOR ALBUMS, Books, AND OTHER LIKE ARTICLES
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Ing at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 12th May 1869.
I, HENRY ING, of 121, St. John Street Road, E.C., Manufacturer of
Fancy Articles, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN FASTENINGS AND CLASPS FOR ALBUMS, Books, AND OTHER
LIKE ARTICLES," to be as follows:-
This Invention of improvements in fastenings and clasps for albums,
books, and other like articles consists of making such fastenings and
clasps expanding, flexible, and elastic by constructing them of a series
of semi-cubular or trough-shaped pieces of metal interlocked and in
combination with spiral or other springs, either inside or outside. For
portfolios, albums for cartes de visite, and other like books, cases, and
receptacles for papers they will be found very useful, as they permit of
the reception of a greater quantity of papers or cards than could be held
under a rigid clasp, and adjust themselves to a smaller quantity. They
may be fitted to albums or books now in use in lieu of rigid fastenings
or clasps without destroying the counterpart, and may be engraved and
ornamented.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MODES OR METHODS OF APPLYING ELECTRICITY TO OBTAIN MOTIVE POWER AND FOR OTHER USEFUL PURPOSES
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Lockyer Hickes at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
9th October 1869.
I, RICHARD LOGKYER HICKES, of No. 6, Liverpool Street, Old
Broad Street, London, in the County of Middlesex, Gentleman, Captain
Commandant of the 12th Tower Hamlets Rifle Volunteer Corps, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE MODES OR METHODS OF APPLYING ELECTRICITY TO OBTAIN MOTIVE POWER AND
FOR OTHER USEFUL PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
First. My Invention consists of the provision and arrangement of one
or more cylinders, chambers, or receptacles connected with batteries, by.
which means a current or currents of electricity is or are passed through
cach or either of them collectively or respectively at any desirable
velocity, and the gasses or atmospheric air therein decomposed and
vacuum produced by the action thereon of each successive spark or
sparks. Each cylinder is provided with a piston accurately fitted thereto
and connected by its rod either directly to a crank, cross head, or other
well known means of communicating power to machinery generally.
Suitable valves are also introduced and applied for the free admission of

page_text: air, and others for exhaust from the chamber of the water arising from
the decomposition thereof.
Secondly. My Invention relates to the application of electricity,
whereby one or more of the aforesaid vacuum chambers being provided
it or they become the means whereby many tedious manufacturing
processes are or may be materially simplified and expedited.
Lastly. My Invention also consists of and particularly refers to the
application of the aforesaid electrical arrangements or modifications
thereof for pumping or raising liquids or exhausting gasses under all or
any circumstances, whether of natural or artificial organisation.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF TELE- GRAPH, RAILWAY, SIGNAL, SCAFFOLD, AND OTHER POSTS
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edwin Daniel Temple at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
3rd September 1869.
I, EDWIN DANIEL TEMPLE, of Number Two, Circus Place, Finsbury
Circus, in the City of London, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF TELE-
GRAPH, RAILWAY, SIGNAL, SCAFFOLD, AND OTHER POSTS," to be as follows:-
It consists, firstly, in constructing posts for scaffolding, or for sup-
porting signal apparatus, or for other like purposes of wrought or cast
iron tubes of convenient lengths bent or otherwise, and suitably con-
nected by wrought or cast iron or other metal connecting joints and
bearing plates.
Secondly. In tying the tubes firmly together by means of one or more
wire or other ropes, which may be fixed externally to the tubes or passed
through the tubes themselves and subjected to any required degree of
tension by means of a small wheel and ratchet, or other suitable apparatus
worked by a lever or otherwise, by which any lateral weakness of the
tubular posts is effectually prevented.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF SHIPS AND VESSELS
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Martin at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 10th April
1869.
I, WILLIAM MARTIN, of the City of Manchester, in the County of
Lancaster, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF SHIPS AND VESSELS," to be as
follows:-
This Invention relates to large ships which float on and traverse the
ocean or other deep waters, and consists in improved modes of con-
structing such ships or vessels for the purpose of securing to a great
extent an immunity from danger and preventing loss of life.
I form the body of the ship or vessel of two parts or shells, both
water-tight at the botton and sides, and fit the upper part into the lower
one, and afterwards fix the parts together by clamps, bolts, wedges, or
by any of the well known means of keeping large bodies together. The
lower part holds the ballast, engine, and boilers, the fuel, and the bulk
of the heavy merchandise, and in the upper part the cabins of the
passengers and compartments for the mails, specie, and the more valuable

page_text: part of the cargo are formed. When all goes well the two parts of the
ship are connected together and appear as a ship built in the ordinary
manner, but when a rock has been struck or there is danger of foundering
the upper part is separated from the lower one to allow the latter to sink
and the upper one to float as a flat bottomed sailing ship, which is
supplied with an independent steering apparatus. In some cases in
very large ships requiring great depth of water the hull or shell may be
formed of three compartments, but I prefer two only, as being the most
practicable and easily managed.
IM-. PROVEMENTS IN THE PREPARATION OF WOOD AND OTHER FUEL FOR THE PURPOSE OF COMBUSTION, PARTICULARLY APPLICABLE TO FIREWOOD
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Weekes at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 30th March
1869.
I, CHARLES WEEKES, of Great George Street, Westminster, Civil
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IM-.
PROVEMENTS IN THE PREPARATION OF WOOD AND OTHER FUEL FOR THE PURPOSE OF
COMBUSTION, PARTICULARLY APPLICABLE TO FIREWOOD," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists, first, in passing a wire or small piece of wood
through holes at or about the centres of any convenient number of
sticks or pieces of wood of equal or unequal section, such as are
commonly sold in bundles for firewood, cut into suitable lengths;
secondly, in turning the ends of such pieces (thus fixed upon the wire or
other centre) so as to produce an arrangement similar to that known
as a "chevaux-de-frise," in which state the wood is placed in the grate
or fire-place where it is intended for combustion; pieces of coal or
other fuel are then to be placed in the spaces round the ends of the
wood, and a light applied at the bottom, sides, or front; by this means
the consumption of wood is economised and the combustion rendered
more perfect.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MEANS FOR CONNECTING TOGETHER THE ENDS OF THE HOOPS OR BANDS EMPLOYED IN THE PACKING OF COTTON OR OTHER SUBSTANCE. OR MATERIAL
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James William Larmuth at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
21st July 1869.
I, JAMES WILLIAM LARMUTH, of Pendleton, in the County of
Lancaster, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MEANS FOR CONNECTING TOGETHER THE ENDS OF THE
HOOPS OR BANDS EMPLOYED IN THE PACKING OF COTTON OR OTHER SUBSTANCE.
OR MATERIAL," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates more particularly to the metal hoops or bands
employed to encircle bales of cotton, as is well understood, but is also
applicable to the packing of other substances or materials. In the
packing of cotton abroad it. is of advantage that the two ends of each
hoop or band shall be so fitted or formed as that they may be fastened
or connected together without requiring to be rivetted.
In some methods which have been employed the ends of the said
band have been connected together by means of a button or stud fixed
to one end of the band, and entering a perforation in the other end
thereof, the expansion of the bale retaining the stud or button in place,
but in the event of the bale having been afterwards subjected to

page_text: any compressive force the ends of the band have been liable to become
disconnected.
In my improved fastening I fit a button or stud to one end of the
band in such a manner as that it may be turned on its axis after having
been passed through a slot or perforation formed in the other end of
the said band, the forms of the said button and perforation being such
as that after the band has been passed around a bale and the ends
connected as aforesaid, the said ends may not be disconnected without
the said button be turned on its axis, or without the fastening be
subjected to a strain sufficient to cause the fracture of the said fastening.
The button which I prefer to use is formed with a "tee" head to enter a
slot formed in one end of the band as aforesaid, and is also formed with
a collar of comparatively large dimensions, which bears on the surface of
the band when the said button is subjected to a strain. The shank of
the said button is rivetted into the said band in such a manner as
will admit of the button being turned as aforesaid, and a slot is formed
in the other end of the band of a size proportionate to that of the head of
the button.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION AND OPERATION OF CERTAIN PARTS OF RAILWAY AND OTHER CARRIAGES
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Wingrove Spong at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
11th January 1869.
I, CHARLES WINGROVE SPONG, of Clifden Road, Clapton Park, in
the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION AND OPERATION OF
CERTAIN PARTS OF RAILWAY AND OTHER CARRIAGES," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to the doors and windows of the doors of railway
and other carriages, also the hand rails thereof, or those parts employed
to assist persons to enter or alight from such said vehicles, and lastly to
the steps of railway carriages, and the novelty and improvement consists
in constructing and operating such said parts in the following manner :-
First, as regards doors, I propose to employ sliding doors instead of swing
doors to avoid the possibility of accidents arising either from the doors
not being properly fastened or becoming accidentally opened whilst a
train is in motion. The door may either be suspended from a fixed rod
or run on rollers on a rail or bar at the bottom or top of the door, or both,
the side of the carriage being suitably formed to receive the door when
it is required to be drawn or pushed back to admit persons. I also

page_text: propose to pad the meeting edges of the door and door frame to lessen
injury in the event of persons hands or fingers being in the way of the
closing of the door. The door may be kept securely closed by a swivel
hook fixed between the linings of the carriage taking hold of a pin or
eye on the edge of the door, the hook to be disengaged by a handle fixed
at the outside of the carriage. A disc or ball may also be connected
with the lock of the door to show when it is open.
I further propose to make the window of the door to slide sideways
instead of up and down as is now the case.
And as regards hand rails I propose to fix a rod to the outside of
the carriage the entire length or height of the door frame at one or both
sides thereof to afford greater facility to persons to catch hold of than
the means at present employed.
And as regards the steps of railway carriages which are now formed of
long planks of wood, the width whereof is such as to leave considerable
space between the edge of the step and the edges of the platforms at
the several stations on a line of railway and by which many serious
accidents have happened to persons about to enter and alight from a
train, I propose to obviate this by making the step sufficiently wide to
project over the edges of the platforms, sufficient space being left between :
the surface of the platforms and the under side of the carriage steps for
the weight springs of the carriages to act.
AN IMPROVED PENHOLDER OR RESERVOIR WRITING INSTRU-MENT
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Buck and George
Messenger at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 2nd October 1869.
We, THOMAS BUCK and GEORGE MESSENGER, both of St. Pancras, in
the County of Middlesex, Clerks, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "AN IMPROVED PENHOLDER OR RESERVOIR WRITING INSTRU-
MENT," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to provide a penholder or writing
instrument to supply the place of inkstands, and to save the time and
trouble occasioned in having to dip a pen in ink. This improved pen-
holder or reservoir writing instrument consists of a metallic or other tube
of suitable length closed at its upper end and fitted at its lower end with
a tubular cap made of metal or other suitable material about one inch in
length. This cap has a small hole in its head; it also has a double rim
(above the hole) similar to that in an ordinary penholder to admit the
pen. The cap is further provided with a guard, which projects
immediately below the hole, and is shaped to meet the pen just above
the point, which arrangement has the effect of conducting the ink down
pen to its point, and preventing it from overflowing. The tube has a
small hole immediately above the cap in a line with the top of the pen ;
the

page_text: an india-rubber band (fitting air-tight) is placed over it partially raised
in the centre so as to admit of being pressed, which will cause the ink
to flow down into the pen, but care must be taken not to press it till ink
is required or an overflow may be the result. The instrument is con-
structed to contain in the interior of the tube sufficient ink to supply an
ordinary writer for several days, the ink being caused to flow down
into the pen in sufficient quantities on the india-rubber band being
pressed.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BOXES OR CASES FOR PACKING AND CARRYING EGGS
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Henry Richardson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
20th December 1869.-A communication from abroad by John
Brigham White, of Buffalo, State of New York.
I, JAMES HENRY RICHARDSON, of No. 11, Poultry, City of London,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
BOXES OR CASES FOR PACKING AND CARRYING EGGS," to be as follows:-
The object of the Invention is to permit the packing and carrying of
eggs for any distance and in such manner as to prevent breakages,
and by maintaining the eggs in an upright position to keep them fresh
for a longer time than they could be kept in the ordinary boxes or
cases.
The Invention consists of the construction of an outer case or frame
of wood but in bars, so that the sides of the case have interstices parallel
with the bars of wood, and of about equal extent. When the box or case
is packed these interstices are filled by the wood of the four sides of trays
fitted into the inside of the box or case. These trays consist of four
sides of wood, into which are fitted frames of pasteboard, paper pulp,
or other material stamped out or moulded in such shape as to leave at

page_text: regular distances circular openings a little larger than the diameter of
an egg. This pasteboard frame is supported by bars or lengths of wood
crossed at right angles by lengths of twine, wire, or other material.
Over the frame is pressed or stamped hempen cloth or other material in
one piece, in such manner as to leave in each opening a pocket or sack
of the cloth of sufficient depth to hold about one-half of an egg placed
endways. Each tray has two of these pasteboard frames forming
respectively the upper and the lower or under side of the tray, so that
there are openings and pockets on both sides. The eggs are packed in
the pockets of the upper side of each tray and the pockets of the under
side of each tray fit and cover over the projecting halves or part of the
eggs packed in the pockets of the tray next below. The trays are
packed one above the other untill the box or case is full. In this
manner eggs can be kept upright or endways and carried without
breaking. Peaches or other ehoice fruit and bottles can be packed in
the same manner in suitably shaped frames.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SHIRT COLLARS
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Andrew Bowring at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 26th June
1869.
I, ANDREW BOWRING, of the Firm of Messieurs Bowring, Arundel,
and Company, of Old Bond Street, in the County of Middlesex, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SHIRT COLLARS," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to certain improvements in the manufacture
of shirt collars, the objects being to afford an easy adjustment to the
wearer, and to control the position of the neck tie, scarf, or cravat in
relation to the collar.
I propose to cut a gusset on each side of the button hole at the back
of the collar, such gussets being sewn or stitched as continuations of the
selvage, so that when the collar is attached or buttoned to the back of
the shirt neck the front button holes may be fastened with great facility
on account of the yielding collar band, which is permitted to elongate
from the gussets and thus to suit the neck of the wearer. The tab
thus left between the gussets is then free to allow the neck tie, scarf, or

page_text: cravat to be passed round the collar band, and underneath the tab, so
that when once adjusted the neck tie, scarf, or cravat will maintain its
position. Gussets may also be cut on cach side of the collar band for
further security of adjustment, either in addition to the gussets at the
back or in substitution thereof.
IMPROVEMENTS IN VELOCIPEDES CALLED BICYCLES
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederick Brown at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 28th
May 1869.
I, FREDERICK BROWN, of the Firm of Brown and Green, of Luton,
in the County of Bedford, Iron Founder, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN VELOCIPEDES CALLED BICYCLES,"
to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object to improve the arrangements of
mechanism employed for applying the break to the hind wheel of a
bicycle. Heretofore in bicycles a break has been applied to the periphery
of the hind wheel by forcing against it one end of a lever, the opposite
end of which was by a cord or strap connected to the steerage handle,.
so that by turning the handle on its longitudinal axis the cord could be.
wound up around it and the break be thus applied.
According to my Invention I transmit motion from the steerage
handle to the break lever by forming the stem or axis of the steerage
handle with a short arm standing out from it, and this arm. I connect
by a short link to a fork, the prongs of which pass. down on opposite

page_text: sides of the vertical axis upon which the fork carrying the axle of the
front wheel of the bicyclo is carried. The lower ends of the prongs
of the fork are turned outwards, and theso turned-out ends pass under
and support a ring, which by other links is connected to the break lever.
The steerago handle and fork connected to it can thus for the purpose
of steering be turned together with the vertical axis of the front wheel
without affecting the ring which is linked to the lever break, but a
partial turn of the steerage handle on its own longitudinal axis will at
once apply the break to the hind wheel, and thus by this arrangement
the use of cords or straps is avoided.