IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING CARPETS AND OTHER FABRICS
Year: 1855

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to George Collier, of Halifax, in the County of York,
for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING CARPETS AND
OTHER FABRICS."
Sealed the 31st July 1855, and dated the 22nd May 1855.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said George Collier at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 22nd
May 1855.
I, GEORGE COLLIER, of Halifax, in the County of York, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING
CARPETS AND OTHER FABRICS" to be as follows:-
The improvements relate, first, to the manufacture of carpets and other pile
fabrics by power, and especially to the production of such of extra width, say,
upwards of a yard wide. Considerable difficulty has hitherto been experienced
in any attempt to produce such pile fabrics by power beyond certain widths,
by reason of the tendency of the wires to bend and hang down after they
have been withdrawn from the fabric and during their insertion. And this
first part of the Invention consists in the application of a trough or other sup-
porting means capable of receiving and giving continuous or repeated support
to each wire in the direction of its length, as the wires are in succession with-
Price 8d1

page_text: drawn from the fabric by the same instrument by which the re-insertion of
them is effected; and till that re-insertion is obtained, the trough or other
continuous or repeated supporting means being actuated to be in position to
receive the wire as withdrawn from the fabric, and for placing its point opposite
the open shed.
Also, to the application to such trough or other supporting means of an
instrument for correctly placing the point of the wire in the position desired
opposite the open shed.
Also, of a retaining iustrument, to prevent the wire springing out from the
trough or other such supporting means, and which yet admits of the passage of
the instrument by which the withdrawal and insertion of the wires are effected.
Also, to the application of a chain, as the means for withdrawing the wires
from the fabric by the same iustrument by which there-insertion of those wires
is effected, whilst the inserting motion for the wire to that instrument is given
by means of a cord or band or chain. Also, to giving the necessary motion to
such cord or band or chain for the insertion of the wire by friction; and when
such withdrawing means to the wire are employed, to giving a slight back
motion to the instrument, which effects both the inserting and withdrawal of
the wires when that instrument is moving from the head of the wire last
inserted to that next to be withdrawn, in order to clear the heads of the
intermediate wires.
Also, to the application of varying speeds to such looms, a faster speed
being given when operating for laying in of weft than when operating for in-
sertion of wires. I would, however, state, that whilst these improvements are
especially applicable to the production of extra wide fabrics, they are also
applicable to pile fabrics of other widths, and especially when extra fiue wires
are required.
The improvements relate, secondly, to meaus for effecting an elastic beat-up
to the batten in such and other power loams.
In power looms, when the motion to the batten is obtained from a crank or
other positive means, considerable difficulty is experienced in the weaving of
some fabrics, especially those where very fine or light yarn is used, as such
yarn often gets broken in the beat-up. According to my improvements, the
connecting rods from the cranks to the batten, in place of being connected
directly to the batten, are connected to it by a spring or other elastic means
capable of being regulated, and that end of each of the connecting rods is also
affixed to one end of a band or strap, which passes over a pulley, and at its
other end is connected to one end of a coiled or other suitable spring, and the
other end of this spring is connected to another band, which passes over another

page_text: pulley, and at its other end is connected to the batten, by which when the
forward thrust is given by the crank, au elastic blow will be given to the batten.
in place of a positive and unyielding motion.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said George Collier in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
22nd November 1855.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, GEORGE
COLLIER, of Halifax, in the County of York, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-second day of May, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-five, in the eighteenth year of Her reign,
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said George Collier, Her special licence that I, the said George Collier, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said George
Collier, myexecutors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the
term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR
WEAVING CARPETS AND OTHER FABRICS," upon the condition (amongst others)
that I, the said George Collier, by an instrument in writing under my hand
and seal, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the
same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months
next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said George Collier, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed,
to be particularly described and ascertained in 'and by the following statement
thereof (that is to say):-
The improvements relate, first, to the manufacture of carpets and other pile
fabrics by power, and especially to the production of such of extra width, say,
upwards of a yard wide. Considerable difficulty has hitherto been experienced
in any attempt to produce such pile fabrics by power beyondcertain widths, by.
reason of the tendency of the wires to bend and hang down after they have been
withdrawn from the fabric, and during theirinsertion. And this first part of the.

page_text: Invention consists in the application of a trough or other supporting means
capable of receiving and giving continuous or repeated support to each wire
in the direction of its length, as the wires are in succession withdrawn
from the fabric by the same instrument by which the re-insertion of them
is effected; and till that re-insertion is obtained, the trough or other con-
tinuous or repeated supporting means being actuated to be in position to
receive the wire as withdrawn from the fabric, and for placing its point
opposite the open shed.
Also, to the application to such trough or other supporting means of an
instrument for correctly placing the point of the wire in the position desired
opposite the open shed.
Also, of a retaining instrument, to prevent the wire springing out from the
trough or other such supporting means, and which yet admits of the passage of
the instrument, by which the withdrawaland insertion of the wires are effected.
Also, to the application of a chain, as the means for withdrawing the wires
from the fabric by the same instrument by which the re-insertion of those wires
is effected, whilst the inserting motion for the wire to that instrument is given
by means of a cord or band or chain. Also, to giving the necessary motion to
such cord or band or chain for the insertion of the wires by friction; and when
such withdrawing means to the wires are employed, to giving a slight back
motion to the instrument, which effects both the inserting and withdrawal of the
wires when that instrument is moving from the head of the wire last inserted
to that next to be withdrawn, in order to clear the heads of the intermediate
wires.
Also, to the application of varying speeds to such looms, a faster speed
being given when operating for laying in of weft than when operating for in-
sertion of wires. I would, however, state, that whilst these improvements are
especially applicable to the production of extra wide fabrics, they are also
applicable to pile fabrics of other widths, and especially when extra fine wires
are required.
The improvements relate, secondly, to means for effecting an elastic beat-up
to the batten in such and other power looms.
In power looms, when the motion to the batten is obtained from a crank or
other positive means, considerable difficulty is experienced in the weaving of
some fabrics, especially those where very fine or light yarn is used, as such yarn
often gets broken in the beat-up. According to my improvements, the con-
necting rods from the cranks to the batten, in place of being connected directly
to the batten, are connected to it by a spring or other clastic means capable of
being regulated, and that end of each of the connecting rods is also affixed to

page_text: one end of a band or strap, which passes aver a pulley, and at its other end is
connected to one end of the coiled or other suitable spring, and the other end
of this spring is connected to another band, which passes over another pulley,
and at its other end is connected to the batten, by which, when the forward
thrust is given by the crank, an elastic blow will be given to the batten in place
of a positive and unyielding motion.
T
11
ריך
left-hand end view, and Figure 4 a transverse section, of a loom arranged for
carrying out the different improvements under the first part of the Invention.
Other views show some of the parts and details separately, in order to their
being better understood.
a, a, is the main framing; b, c, and d are warp beams, which, for the par-
ticular fabric being produced, I employ. The beam b carries the linen or
binding warp; c, the middle or stuffing warp; and d, the pile warp. The fabric
for the time being produced consequently has a pile produced by a single set of
pile threads, which may be either plain or figured; the figure or pattern thereon
being obtained by the use of what are called printed warp, that is, the pile
warps are, previous to their being placed in the loom, printed in such manner,
that when they are woven into a fabric, the desired figure or pattern to the pile
surface of the fabric will be obtained. e is the fabric produced; and el, the breast
beam, which is furnished with short pin points, sufficient to take into the back
of the fabric, and draw it forward (ns woven) by the slow rotary motion of the
breast roller. This slow rotary motion is given to the breast roller or beam from
the cum or tappet shaft, as shown. f is the batten or lay, by which the beat-
up to the fabric is obtained; and are the lay swords. The movement for the
beat-up to the lay is effected from the crank axis g, so as to effect a double beat,
in manner such as was described in the Specification of a former Patent granted
to me, and shown in others, there being in connection with each crankglalink
, which at its upper end is connected by pin joint with one end of each of
two links f; the other end of each of the links f³ turns upon an axis f5
carried by the framing; whilst the other end of each of the links f* is connected
to the batten, by which at each revolution of the crank axis the connected ends
of the links will by the links / be carried somewhat beyond a straight
line between the axis
and the point of connection of the links f4 with the

page_text: batten, and those links will at each revolution of the crank be brought twice
into a straight line, and a double beat will thereby be effected.
The position shewn by the loom is when the wire is being introduced into
the shed formed by the raising of the pile warp only in order to produce a
fresh row of pile loops, and I will proceed to describe the means by which each
wire is introduced to such open shed, and also the means by which each wire
is in succession withdrawn from the formed fabric. Each wire is formed with
a head , such as shown more distinctly by the enlarged views of parts of a
wire at Figure 5. The heads are for the purpose of facilitating the holding of
the wires during their insertion into the shed, as well as at the withdrawal
of them from the fabric, and they are each in succession received and held
in manner hereafter to be described by the wire carrier i, which, in order to
these movements of the wires, is caused to traverse upon the rail or bar j, one
end of which is supported with a capability of slight movement upon the stud j',
carried by the link, which is supported so as to turn upon the upper end of
the standard, projecting from the main framing. The other end of the bar
or rail j is supported by being affixed to the lower end of the arm j₁, carried by
the axis, which is supported in brackets, as shown, from the main framing.
The arm has to and fro movements given to it, so as at one time to place its
end of the rail or bar j in position for the carrier i to conduct a wire properly
into the open shed, then for the wire being brought somewhat forward, and
held during a beat-up, and then, when the wire just inserted is released from
the carrier i, for its coming still more forward and in position for the carrier i
taking a wire from the series in the formed fabric, in order to such wire being
re-inserted. These movements to the arm are obtained from the cam or
tappet j", which, with certain other of the cams or tappets, is affixed to the
hollow axis or tube 7, which rotates upon the axis 8,and receives motion from
the main axis y, by there being affixed upon that axis y the pinion jo, which
takes into and drives the toothed wheel j10 affixed upon the hollow axis or
tube j. The cam or tappet jo acts upon the truck or bowl, carried by the
lower end of the lever 12, which is at that end borne towards the cam or tappet
by a spring, or it may be by a ring or rim to the tappet or cam. The lever 12
turns upon an axis 13, and at its upper end is connected by a rod j¹ to the
lever arm jt, as shown. is a trough according to one part of. my improve-
ments, which receives each wire as withdrawn from the fabric, and supports it
till it is again inserted to the open shed. This trough is shown continuous, by
which it offers continuous support to the wires to prevent their hanging down,
besides insuring greater accuracy of movement to them; and it is of especial
advantage when either weaving extra wide fabric, say, over one yard in width,

page_text: or when weaving fabric of the ordinary width, but by the use of extra fine
wiros; this trough may, however, in place of being continuous, be capable of
offering support to the wires only at repeated intervals in its length. The
outer end of this trough is suspended by means of the plate from the bar
or rail, whilst the other or inner end thereof is supported separately, but so
as to move upon the fixed guide 3, affixed to the framing, and in such manner
as to guide the point of the wire as desired. And in order to this trough, thus
following the movements of the wires, it is at this inner end connected to one
end of the sliding rod k, the other end of which is connected to a pin 1:5
carried by the lever arm ko, which turns upon the pin ki, supported by the
frame, and is by the connecting rod connected to the standard 4º, projecting
from the upper end of the lever j, by which it receives motion.
The wire carrier i is shown separately on a larger scale at Figures 6, 7, 8,
and 9, as well as in its place on the bar j, at Figure 10. It is formed
with a stud, capable of taking into the eye of each wire head, and when
a wire head is thus placed on the stud, the lower end of the lever comes
over it, and retains it on that stud . This lever is borne with a tendency
for its lower end to cover the stud ', thereby to retain a wire head on
that stud by an india-rubber or other suitable spring is, one end of which is
affixed to the fixed stud, and the other to the stud on the upper end of the
lever is a catch, by which the lower end of the lever may be held back
from covering the head of a wire when in working it is desired to place one
on the stud or to release one therefrom, which movements of the instru-
ments and will be more fully understood by following the movements of
the various parts.
The wire carrier is caused to traverse the bar or rail in order to take a
wire into the open shed by the cord i', which is attached at one end to the
stud, projecting from the face of the carrier i; it thence passes partly round
the pulley, carried by the arm j4, and partly round the pulley 10, to the
pulley, to which the other end of it is attached. To this pulley ¹¹ is affixed
the pulley, in order to their turning together upon the pin 13, projecting
from the lever, the lower end of which turns upon a fixed stud 15, carried by
the framing, as shown. The pulley is covered with leather or other suitable
elasticandyielding substance, by which motion may be given to it by frictional
contact with a suitable moving surface pressing thereon when it is desired to
draw the wire carrier with a wire towards the fabric, so as to place such wire
in the open shed. This movement to the pulley, according to the arrangement
shown, is given when desired by pressing the surface of the pulley 12 against
the periphery of the wheel it, which is affixed to the axis 17, and this axis 2¹

page_text: turns in bearings carried by the main framing, and has affixed upon it. the
bevilled tooth wheel 218, which is taken into and driven by the bevilled tooth
wheel 10 affixed upon the axis g.
The pulley is borne by its lever 14 into contact with the surface of the
wheel 16, when desired to give motion to the wire carrier i by the cord ii, as
explained, by means of the cam or tappet 20, affixed upon the hollow axis or
tube, there being formed on the side surface of the cam or tappet 220
projections which act upon the truck or bowl 21, carried by the lever i22, which
turns upon the fixed stud 123, and at the other end is connected by a pin joint
to one end of the connecting rod (24, and this rod 24 is at its other end con-
nected to the upper end of the lever 14. The projections upon the cam or
tappet 20 are so arranged that one of them (1) may, by bringing the surface
of the pulley into contact with the periphery of the wheel 10, cause the
traverse of the wire carrier i along the rail or bar j, and thereby conduct a
wire fully into an open shed. The other projection (2) on this cam or
tappet 20 just brings the surface of the pulley 12 in contact with that of the
wheel 16 sufficiently long to cause the carrier i, after it has been released
from the wire last inserted, and has gone back somewhat so as to clear the
heads of the wires, which for the time are in the fabric, to go in and take hold
of the head of the wire next to be taken from the fabric for re-insertion as
before. is a spring pressing upon the surface of the pulley 12, to stop the
momentum given to it by the movement of the surface 16. When, as stated,
a wire has been taken by the carrier i fully into the shed, and has been placed
with its head lying against those previously inserted, it is for a time held by
the hook m, formed upon the sliding piece m', which is capable of sliding on
the lever m² to admit of a slight forward motion of the hook m with the wire
held by it at each beat-up, whilst the sliding piece m¹ is at all times borne
backwards by means of the spring of vulcanized india-rubber m³, or other
suitable spring. This lever m² is somewhat similar to one described for the
same purpose in the Specification of a former Patent granted to me. It
moves upon au axis at m+, as shown, and is actuated so as to raise the look m
off the head of one wire, and allow it to take that of another by the cam or
tappet m³, affixed to the hollow axis j', that cam or tappet m³ acting upon a
bowl or roller carried by the lever mo, one end of which turns upon an axis at
m³, whilst the other is connected by the rod ms to the lever m².
So soon as the instrument m has taken fully hold of the head of the wire
last inserted, the stem n descends, with its end pressing upon the projection 126
of the lever 2, by which the lower end of that lever will be caused to move
back from over the pin ', when it will be caught and retained back for a time

page_text: by the catch taking hold of the projecting pin 27 on the lower end of the
lever This instrument is affixed to the rod o, which at its lower end is
formed with an inclined surface o¹, which, in taking down the instrument n,
and so soon as the instrument n has acted upon the projection 10 of the lever
, acts upon the truck or roller, affixed to the carrier, by which the
carrier will be moved back a short distance sufficient to admit of the carrier
passing the heads of those wires which for the time are in the fabric, when it
again rises out of the way, in order to the carrier going into and taking hold
by the pin of the head of the wire next to be withdrawn, as already referred
to; and in the carrier i again going in the projection of the catch will be
depressed by the instrument 130, thereby releasing the lever, when, by the
instrument n being raised out of the way, the spring 3 will again act upon the
levor to cause its lower end to cover that pin, and thereby retain on it
the head of the wire just taken. 31 is a spring attached to the carrier ?, and
pressing at its outer end upon the bar, where it is lined with leather or other
suitable material to produce slight friction, and thereby overcome momentum
in the carrier i, passing along that bar. The rod o has a slot formed in it to
receive the pin o, by which it is guided in its up and down movement,
obtained by its being connected to the outer end of the lever o³, which turns
upon the pin of, carried by a standard on the main framing, and at its other
end is by the connecting rod 05, connected to the lever o", which turns upon
the pin o, whilst by its truck 08 it bears upon the cam or tappet oº, affixed to
and moving with the hollow axis j.
When the holding parts of the carrier i have taken hold of the eye of the
wire to be withdrawn, the carrier is moved along the bar or rod, so as to
withdraw such wire. This movement of the carrier is obtained by means of
a pinp, projecting from the side of the chain p', such pin forming one of the
pins connecting the links of that chain p'. The chain p' passes partly round
the wheel p, and is taken into, so as to have movement given to it by the
teeth on the periphery of that wheel p", which is affixed to and revolves with
the axis 17. The endless chain p'also passes partly around the guide pullies
p³, ps, and p, and is supported intermediate of those pulleys p³, p³, by the
bar p5, carried by the framing. The projecting pin p in its movement with
the chain p' comes into position to take hold of the end of the lever
2, carried by the carrier i, to draw that carrier and a wire with it till the
wire is withdrawn from the fabric, when the outer end 34 of the lever will
come against the fixed roller ¿36, and be lifted, thereby lifting the lever to
release it from the pin p, at the same time the carrier is drawn under the
spring e, which acts as a stop to prevent its rebounding. The pin p in the
B

page_text: continued motion of the chain p will again come round into position
for again in like manner taking the carrier with another wire, when the wire
last referred to has been placed in a shed opened for it. During the with-
drawal of each wire from the shed and till its re-insertion, it is supported,
as already explained, by the trough . p is a fixed plate, which by passing
partly over the chain 2 tends to keep it down, and thereby facilitate the
releasing of the pin p from the hook 32; and c is an instrument, such as
described in the Specification of a former Patent granted to me, in the form of
a lever, capable of turning upon the stud w³, carried by the supporting arm j4,
and which at its upper end is constantly drawn backwards against the stop w²
by the india-rubber or other suitable spring ; but in the back movement of
the arm j and of the trough for the insertion of a wire into the shed, the
upper end of this lever will come against the fixed stop 4, by which the
lower end of the lever w will be caused to move slightly in advance, and will
then press against the wire to steady it in entering the shed. When the wire
is inserted, and the parts and come forward with it to the front part of the
shed, the upper end of the lever we will be relieved from pressing against the
stop w4, and the spring w2 will act to cause the lower end to recede somewhat
back out of the way of the carrier i; and sometimes, in order to prevent any
tendency of the end of the wire to spring out of that trough, I apply thereto
a retaining instrument, shown separately at 40, Figures 11 and 12. This
retaining instrument consists of a lever ", turning upon an axis k¹³, with one
end laying over the trough, whilst the other is acted upon by the spring ¹³,
with a tendency to keep it in that position, whilst it yet admits of the carrier
moving it out of the way in order to its passing along the trough . q is
another lever turning upon the same axis 2, which may be used in substitu-
tion of the lever w, described in the previous Figures, and which at one end
has a pin q3 projecting up therefrom to press against the wire, whilst the other
end of it is drawn by the spring q², with a tendency to bear the end with its
pin outwards; but when the inner end of the trough k is moved back to
conduct the point of the wire opposite the open shed, that end of the lever
comes against the fixed stop 9, by which the force of the spring 22 will be
overcome, and the pin qs in the end of that lever will be pressed against the
wire to press it inwards, and thereby conduct it correctly and steadily opposite
the open shed. is a support to the point of the wire, the turned-up part
of which also serves to prevent the point of the wire going too close to
the reed when it is entering the shed.
According to the arrangement shown by the Drawings, after the laying in
of each wire and of its being beaten up by the batten, the pile warp is caused

page_text: to descend, in order that the loops just formed may be tied by a shoot of weft
laid over such pile warp, and the middle or stuffing warp, and under the linen
or binding warp. A double beat-up then takes place, and another change of
shed is effected by the middle or stuffing warp being raised, and the linen or
binding warp depressed, whilst the pile warp remains down for the nextshoot.
A double beat-up then takes place, and the nextshed is opened, with the linen
or binding warp up and the middle or stuffing warp down with the pile
warp; when another shoot of weft is thrown, a double beat-up takes place,
and the shed is again opened, with the pile warp alone up, as before, for the
wire. But this arrangement of tic may be varied, and in place of having
only one pile warp, all of which is raised or depressed together (or part of
which warp may be raised at one time and part at another), several sets
of warps may be used of different colors, each actuated by jacquard or other
pattern surface, in order to effect a selection for pattern as desired, and as is
now practised when weaving Brussells carpets by power; but a workman
acquainted with such class of looms for weaving pile fabrics with wires will
readily apply such tappets or cams and other parts as are necessary to actuate
such jacquard or other pattern surface. is the tappet shaft; and, yes
are the tappets for actuating the leaves of heddles, as shown by the Drawings.
This shaft has affixed upon it the toothed wheel, which is taken into and
receives motion from the pinion 75, affixed on the crank shaft y. The crank
shaft g receives motion, so that it may rotate and give motion to the various
parts of the loom at varying speeds, a faster speed being given to it when
operating for laying in of weft than when for the insertion of a wire, in the
following manner:-s is a shaft, which receives motion by means of a band or
strap from a steam engine or other power acting upon the drum s¹ affixed
thereon. Upon this shaft s is also affixed the two pulleys s² and s³ of different
sizes, adapted to giving the different speeds desired in operating with the loom.
The drum or pulley & receives and gives motion to the band or straps for
acting upon, and driving the pulleys affixed to the shafts, but it is capable of
being shifted from that pulleys to the loose pulley 5, when the band s³ is
desired to communicate a faster motion from its pulleys to the pulleys",
also affixed upon the shaft se. These straps st, s³, are acted upon so that one
or the other of the pulleys s,, may be imparting its motion to the axis s* in
the following manner:- -Upon the hollow axis or tube 7 is affixed a cam or
tappett, which acts upon the truck or roller t¹ carried by the lever t2, one end.
of which turns upon the fixed stud ³, whilst the other end, by means of the
connecting rod t, is connected to one end of the L lever t, which turns
upon a pin carried by the main framing, and at the other end, by means of

page_text: 9
the connecting rod is connected to the lever arm t', projecting from the
axis ts, upon which is formed another arm to, carrying a pin which passes
through a slot formed in the arm 10, descending from the sliding rod t",
which is capable of sliding in guides / carried by the framing, and which
carries the forks t13
which the shifting of the belts or bands st, s, is
effected. u is an arm for the stop rod motion, which by means of the con-
necting rod gives motion to the fork u for throwing the strap so from the
fast pulleys to the loose pulleys, thereby to stop the motions of the loom.
Upon the axis s is affixed the pinion s, the teeth of which take into the
teeth of the wheel s¹³, affixed upon the crank shaft g, to communicate motion
from that shafts to the shaft g. Upon this crank shaft is also affixed the
pinion, which takes into the toothed wheel g, affixed upon the shaft js,
upon which is affixed the tappetarms for effecting the picker motions, there
being projections g³ on those arms, which act in the ordinary way upon arms
projecting from the shafts y', whose ends are formed into necks, by which they
are supported in bearings carried by the frame, and which also carry the arms
, to which are attached the picker straps for working the picker; but as
according to the arrangement shown there would be three picks of weft between
each insertion of wire, and no weft thrown in at the time of inserting wire,
the picking motion requires to be omitted with the insertion of each wire.
For this purpose each shaft y' is capable of sliding in its bearings, so that its
army may be missed by the projection g³on its tappet arm g, and each axis y
has projections which embrace the upper ends of the lever arms ³, 3, one of
which (that at the left-hand end of the loom) is affixed to the axis y', which
turns in bearings carried by the main framing, and has affixed to it the arm y
which by means of a link y is connected to the lever arm y', which by its
truck or roller bears against the tappet or cam yo, by which the selection to
the picker strap of that side of the loom is effected. The lever army of the
right-hand side of the loom is affixed to the tubes, which is capable of moving
on the axis y', and has affixed to it the arm, which by a link is connected
to the lower end of a lever, similar to that marked, and which in like
manner is acted upon by a cam or tappet. The levers which are operated
by the cams or tappets 7, 23, are borne to those cams by springs, and the cams
or tappets and 3 are affixed to a hollow axis or tube 26, upon which is also
fixed the toothed wheel z, which is taken into and receives motion from the
pinions, affixed on the shaft g. On the axis and on the tube z is affixed
an army and, to cach of which is attached
actuating the selvage threads of the fabric.
one end of a cord 10 for
When cut or velvet pile is desired to be produced to the fabric, I form the

page_text: wires with knife edges thereto, as shewn by Figure 5; but when looped or
uncut pile is desired to be obtained, I form the wires at their ends without
such cutting parts, as is well understood, so as simply to slide through the loops
when being withdrawn from them for re-insertion.
I have shown the letting-off motions which 1 employ to the separate warp
beams in their place in the loom, and also in part separately; but as such
form no part of my present improvements I have not thought it necessary to
describe them here.
Figure 13 shows so much of the working parts of a loom as will serve to
illustrate the second part of my improvements.
a is the batten, supported upon the swords a' from the axis ain the ordinary
manner; is the crank axis, and b' one of the cranks; c is one of the con-
necting rods, which, according to these improvements, in place of being jointed
at its other end to the batten, is connected thereto by the spring d; and this
end of the connecting rod is also affixed to one end of the band or strap of
leather or other suitable material e.which passes over the pulley f, which is
capable of turning upon the fixed stud f. The band or strap e is connected
to one end of a coiled or other suitable spring g, the other end of which is
connected to one end of another similar band or strap h, which passes over a
similar pulley i, and the other end is thence connected to the batten. By this
arrangement, as already stated, in the forward thrust given by the crank, a
quick and clastic blow will be given by the batten in place of a positive and
unyielding one.
Having thus described the nature of my said Invention, and the means
which I adopt in carrying the same into effect, I would have it understood
that I do not confine myself to the precise details herein shown and described,
as variations may be made therein without departing from the general character
of the different parts of my improvements; but what I do claim is,―
First, the application of a trough or other suitable supporting means capable
of receiving and giving support, continuous oratsufficiently repeated intervals,
to each wire in the direction of its length when the wires are in succession
withdrawn from the fabric by the same instrument, by which their re-insertion
is effected in weaving carpets and other pile fabrics, as explained.
Also I claim the use and application, in connection with such supporting
trough, or other like supporting means, to the wires of an instrument for
retaining the wires and preventing them springing therefrom, as explained.
Also I claim the use and application, in connection with a trough, or such
other supporting means, to the wires of an instrument for correctly placing

page_text: the point of the wire as it passes from the trough into the open shed, as
explained.
Also I claim the application of a chain as the withdrawing means to operate
upon a sliding carrier, which takes and withdraws each pile wire in succession
from the fabric when the re-insertion of the wires by such carrier is effected by
another cord or band or chain.
Also I claim for giving the necessary motion to such cord or band or chain
for the insertion of the wire by friction, as explained.
Also I claim for so arranging, combining, and operating the parts in con-
nection with looms for weaving pile fabrics, that a slight back motion may be
given to the carrier instrument (which effects the insertion and withdrawal of
the wires) after cach insertion, in order to that instrument clearing the heads
of the wires in the fabric in passing from the one just inserted to the next to
be withdrawn.
Also I claim the so arranging, combining, and operating parts of looms for
weaving carpets and other pile fabrics, that a faster speed may be given
when operating for certain of the motions than when operating for others, as
explained.
Also I claim the mode of arranging parts for operating the batten, as
described in respect of Figure 13.
In witness whereof, I, the said George Collier, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Eighth day of November, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-five.
Witness,
J. PALETHORPE,
Halifax.
GEORGE COLLIER.
(L.S.)