Improvements in the Spacing and Justifying and Casting and Trimming Mechanisms of Linotype Machines.
Year: 1896

page_text: Date of Application, 17th Aug., 1896
Complete Specification Left. 11th June 1897-Accented 7th Au
1907
Date of Application, 17th Aug., 1896
Complete Specification Left. 11th June, 1897-Accepted, 7th Aug, 1907
Improvements in the Spacing and Justifying and Casting and
Trimming Mechanisms of Linotype Machines.
We, THE LINOTYPE COMPANY, LIMITED, of No. 188 Fleet Street, in the City of
London, Sole Proprietors of, and Manufacturers, Vendors and Licensors under, the
Linotype Patents, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
The present invention relates to improvements in the spacing and justifying and
casting and trimming mechanisms of linotype machines.
In carrying it into effect, the composed line is, as usual, made up of the customary
type matrices or dies and of the space bars inserted during the composition; but the
space bars are formed in such menner as to, present a series of steps, the sides of each
step being substantially parallel, the uppermost step of the space bar being the
thinnest and forming part of the composed line before justification, and the lower steps
successively increasing in thickness by a determined amount, so that the introduction
of these thicker steps into the line can be utilized to effect its justification. As each
line is composed, it is set or made up to as near its final length as possible, but there
will always remain at the end of the line, a space insufficient to adinit another word or
syllable, and which requires to be filled up by justification. This space differs with
different lines and cannot practically be ascertained in advance. It is obvious that if
all of the step spaces of the line are advanced simultaneously, the line will be elongated
a definite and invariable distance. But, in practice, it is frequently found that the
space remaining to be filled is insufficient to permit the advance of all the spaces, and
it therefore becomes necessary to advance one or more of the spaces into the line to a
greater distance than the others, thus introducing into the line toward the completion
of justification, the amount represented by the introduction of one step on one, two or
more spaces.
The present invention includes a mode of justification by means of the elongated
stepped spaces, said node of justification having as a characteristic feature the advance
of one justifying step at a time into the line, whereby the space bars are lifted one by
one during the justifying action so as to successively introduce additional single steps
into the line until no more can be introduced, when the justifying operation
temporarily ceases. At this stage of the operation, there usually remains, after the
line has thus been approximately closed out, a space insufficient for the admission of
an additional step but into which an additional step has partly entered. It is one of
the objects of the invention to complete the justification by admitting this additional
partly entered step.
When the additional partly entered step is to be fully admitted into the line the
further upward movement of the wholly admitted steps of the remaining space bars is
temporarily arrested, and the vice jaws containing the composed and partly justified
ine, are opened and the partly entered space is advanced until it enters the line,
whereupon it is in turn arrested. However, the present invention also includes

page_text: dispensing with this opening of the vice jaws for the admission of an additional step,
in which event the natural elasticity of the line is relied upon to close out the
distance between the rigid vice jaws, in the manner hereinafter described.
It is, of course, evident that at this stage of the operation, where the vice jaws have
have been temporarily opened for the admission of the last step, the length of the line
will depend upon the thickness of the additional fraction of a step which has been
thus forced into it. For this reason, successive lines will not be of uniform length,
but will vary a certain fraction of the difference between the thickness of successive
steps of the space bar; that is, for instance, if the difference between the thickness
of the successive steps of a space bar is 015 of an inch, the variations in the length of 1
different lines after the admission of the last partly admitted step would be
between 0 and 015. If the steps were relatively thicker or thinner, the limit of
variation in the length of the lines would be correspondingly increased or diminished.
This difficulty, however, is, in practice, substantially obviated by making available the
elasticity of the line due to the joints between the matrices and between the matrices
and space bars, and partly to the jointed construction of the space bars themselves, if
laminated spaces are used, whereby it is permitted either to compress the line to an
amount equal to the excess of its length beyond the normal length; or to close the
line very tightly by the action of the devices which force the spaces into the line;
and, on the final closing of the vice, to leave the distance between the vice jaws equal
to the normal length of the uniform line and slightly longer than the partícular line
then undergoing justification, whereupon the elasticity of the line will come into play,
all of the joints slightly opening, and yet none of them opening far enough to allow
metal to pass in between the joints. And, as before indicated it has been found in
practice; that even in the event where the vice jaws are not opened for the admission
into the line of an additional step, and even where the laminated space bars here
illustrated are not employed, and solid space bars are employed in place thereof, the
natural elasticity of the line may be relied upon to fill out the line and close the face
of the mola.
In the practical embodiment of the invention, the pushing devices which act to
introduce successively single justifying steps into the composed line are themselves
of a stepped construction, in the sense that they consist of bars having a series of steps
on their edges, each of said steps being equal in width to, or having narrower width
than the thickness of the lower edge of the space bars, which makes it impossible for
any one step of a pushing device to insert into the line more than one space bar at a
time. Furthermore, the length of each step on the space bars in equal to the height
of the highest step on the pushing device above the base line of the lowest step
there on, which is also necessary in order to prevent two space steps being
entered into the composed line at the same time, as will hereinafter more fully
appear.
It will, of course, be apparent that because the individual steps on the pushing
devices are of less height than the length of the individual space steps, only the
highest step of a pushing device could of itself raise a space step to the final position
in the justified line. Where, therefore, the steps of the pushing devices alone are
employed, for advancing the space bars, the completion of the operation of carrying
upward to their final position; the space steps entered into the line by the pushing
devices is wholly left to the care of an auxiliary device hereinafter called a "perfecter,"
whose function it is to thus supplement the action of the pushing devices after the
latter have been arrested in their upward movement.
While the employment of the perfecter is alone regarded as comprised within the
scope of the present invention, there seems to be, however, practical reasons why the
perfecter should not be relied on to complete the admission of all the space steps
Among these reasons are the avoidance of unnecessary friction and resistance due to the
variable size of the space or opening into which the last step must be entered
Consequently, the preferred construction provides a number of consecutively-acting
pushing devices, the construction and arrangement of parts being such that such space
steps as have been entered by the first pushing device, are advanced to their fina

page_text: position in the line by the next succeeding pushing device, and so on. This expedient
leaves but very few of the space bars to be acted upon by the perfecter, as the main
portion of them have already been brought to their final positions before the perfecter
comes into play.
One of the important advantages recured from the present system of justification,
arises from the peculiar construction of the space bars. Whether the space bar is of a
laminated construction or is constructed of solid metal, in either case it is provided
with a series of distinct parallel surfaces, and between each two pairs of successive
parellal surfaces, there are shoulders or inclines. It, therefore, follows that when the
line is completely justified and filled out by means of these space bars in connection
with the devices employed therewith, each of the space bars in the line will be forced
into the line, and is arrested at a point just prior to contact with the adjacent type or
matrices of a pair of these shoulders or inclines, thus insuring for each space bar a
definite or predetermined position. In other words, it is impossible that any space bar
should be contained in the line unless it be driven home or substantially so, and a
pair of its shoulders or inclines be in close proximity with the ends of adjacent type or
matrices. Consequently, it will be seen that the face of the mould will be always
closed by the matrices and the parallel sides of the space bars, and that there will be no
opportunity for escape of the molten metal. This advantage of forcing the space bar
to a predetermined position and closing the face of the mould still further
distinguishes the present method from previous methods of justification.
Another modification which the invention includes, is the employment of a space
har having one side plane or continuous, and the other side alone provided with the
justifying surfaces and shoulders.
It must be distinctly understood that the above mentioned improvements in the
justification herein described are applicable generally to machines wherein composed
lines of either dies or of matrices and space bars are to be justified and that the
improvements in the mould and its appurtenances, are generally applicable to linotype
machines. The present invention is not limited in its application to any linotype
machine but to make this specification more clearly descriptive of the nature of the
invention, we will now describe the application of it to the well known and widely used
Mergenthaler Linotype machine. For further information as to details of the latter,
reference may advantageously he made to the specification of Letters Patent 14582
of 1890.
The matrices and space bars, properly assorted and contained in suitable magazines,
are released therefrom by means of finger keys actuated by the operator to compose an
entire line, and the line thus composed and assembled is shifted laterally to an elevator
which lowers it in front of a mould whose form and dimensions correspond to that of
the desired linotype. A clamping device, commonly called a vice, acts upon the
composed line of matrices and space bar while in front of the mould, and the space
bars are advanced through the line, so as to justify it. A melting-pot containing
constantly a large body of molten metal is arranged to close the mould on the rear
side, and at the proper moment, a pump in this pot acts to deliver the molten metal
into the mould, where it solidifies and produces a linotype which has formed on its edge
the impression of the matrices at the front. As scon as this casting operation is
completed, the clamps lift the matrices from the front, and the space bars are then
separated mechanically from the matrices and return to the magazine from which they
started, while the matrices are carried to a distributing mechanism at the top of the
machine, where they are assorted and returned to the upper ends of the appropriate
magazine-channels. After the removal of the matrices therefrom, the mould makes a
partial revolution and an ejecting device delivers the linotype therefrom to a galley or
receiver.
The foregoing elements of a complete linotype machine are so well known and their
operation so well understood, that it is sufficient to explain that the present
improvements relate to a justification particularly suitable in such a machine although
adapted for use generally wherever line justification is required, while the improvements
in the mould devices, while also particularly appropriate to such a machine, are

page_text: generally applicable wherever in like linotype or slug casting operations, it is desirable
to quickly shift from one font to another.
The vice frame of the above mentioned Mergenthaler Linotype machine is a frame
pivotted to the main frame in front of the casting and justifying mechanism. It is
provided with two horizontally movable jaws between which the composed line of
inatrices and spacers is confined in front of the mould. The left hand jaw which may
be moved forward to cover the mould as hereinafter explained, stands normally and
during the casting action against a rigid stop screw or equivalent support, so that
it is firmly supported and prevented from sliding backward during the justifying
action.
The opposing or right hand jaw, is allowed a slight forward and backward motion,
and receives this motion from a large cam on a shaft, at the rear of the machine acting
on a lever fuleruined to the main frame behind the said shaft and drawn upwards by a
spring attached to a fixed support on the main frame. This lever is connected by a
rod and crank to an eccentrically shaped pin journalled transverely in the vice frame
and passing through a circular opening in the end of a rod the opposite end of which
is turned upward and provided with a serew bearing against the hack of the right hand
jaw to give it support. By means of these connections-the said cam being properly
shaped and time-the right hand jaw is actuated to clamp and unclamp the composed
line. The left hand jaw may stand permanently in its open position but it is preferred
to have it slide forward towards its companion after the casting of each line, in order
to close the front of the mould and prevent the leakage of metal therefrom in the
event of the other parts failing to properly present the entire line of matrices between
thejiwa. To effect the automatic opening and closing of the left hand jaw, for the
purpose named, it is provides with a rod extending through a frictional spring slide,
detachably pivotted to a vibrating arm, which is loosely mounted on a transverse
veking shaft. This vibrating arm is provided with projections on opposite sides of a
pin projecting from the rocking shaft, so that as the latter is moved to and fro, the arm
is vibrated and the jaw opened and closed. The frictional connection between the arm
and the jaw operating rod permits either to he moved independently of the other to a
limited extent, as is required in practice.
In the Mergenthaler Linotype patent above mentioned, the spacers are thickened.
and the line justified by the upward motion of a single lifting plate pushing the
hanging ends of the longer members of the said bars. The present invention makes
use of several pushers, each one being a vertical har. The specification assumes that
there are three. They are mounted between horizontal cross bars, attached to or
forming a part of the vice frame. At the bottom of the vice frame, there is a
horizontal guide way, in which a horizontal reciprocating slide is arranged to move.
The three pushers rest, upon the upper flat surface of a toothed rack attached to and
forming a part of the said reciprocating slide, and the latter is provided with a series
of steps having sloping risers and level treads, the latter being of a length sufficient to
accommodate all three of the pushers. The pushers themselves are provided at their
lower ends with sloping inclines corresponding to the incline of the risers on the slide,
in order that the steps of the slide may be advanced easily thereunder. The rack
above mentioned is operated by means of a pinion secured to a shaft supported
vertically in loose bearings and operated by means of a sprocket wheel fixed upon it
and engaging with a sprocket chain. A cover extending over the parts below may be
used to protect them from dust and dirt. One end of the sprocket chain is connected
to a spring whose opposite end is attached to a fixed point at the back of the machine.
The other end of the sprocket chain is connected to the free end of a lever fulcrumed
to turn freely upon a horizontal rod and adapted to be operated by means of a cam on
the same shaft as the one before mentioned.
The pushers are guided to move vertically and occupy a position in line with and
immediately below the composed line of matrices and space hars, as the latter are
delivered by the elevator to the casting devices.
The right hand pusher carries at its lower end a cross piece which bears against the
vertical surface of the frame, straddling the vertical slot therein, and forming a support

page_text: or bearing for the lower end of the said pusher, which would otherwise be liable to
spring laterally into the slot through which the horizontal reciprocating slide passes.
The matrices are of the usual kind and shape and the composed line as a whole is
delivered in front of the mould in the usual manner by means of the elevator.
The improved space bar is an elongated stepped bar having the usual shoulders for
engagement with the elevator and having at its upper and shoulders for engagement
with the perfecter, the said shoulders being inclined upon their upper surface for a
purpose hereinafter to be described. Each side of a space bar present a continuous
surface of sheet metal, produced, preferably, by bending a strip of sheet metal upon
itself, so that both sides of the space bar are of the same integral piece of sheet metal.
Within the outer layer of the space bar there is inserted a second similarly hent piece
of sheet metal, the combined thickness of the two pieces forming the second or first
increased step of the space bar. In like manner, a third strip of sheet metal is inserted
within the folds of the second bent strip, the combinel thickness of the three strips
constituting the next succeeding step of the space bar. Other bent strips similarly
inserted, go to make up the succeeding steps of the space har. The bent strips are
all continued down to the lower end of the space bar, and rivets serve to unite them
so combined into a single structure presenting a series of steps equal in length and
having practically parallel sides, the steps presenting a slight incline or tapering
shoulder, however, at their junction. The number of thicknessus of thin metal of
which the space bars are thus composed, imparts to them a certain degree of
compressibility and elasticity which is made available, as will hereinafter more fully
appear, in the justifying operation. Care is taken that the rivets shall hold the thin sheets
or plates sufficiently close together to prevent the passage of the molten type metal
between the joints during the easting operation, whatever compre sive action may be
exerted at the time upon the sides of the space bar. The inheren elasticity of the
space bars on the other land permits them either to he very tightly
line and to so remain during the casting operation, or, after having
to partly or nearly return to their original dimensions, and thus fill on
the compressive force is removed without opening sufficiently to admit
molten type metal between their joints. The construction, moreover,
and cheap in point of manufacture.
pressed in the
en compressed,
the line when
he passage of
substantial
It will be understood, as hereinbefore indicated, that the composed line, of matrices
and space bars, is delivered in the usual manner from the elevator to the clamping
devices or vice jaws, in such manner that the shoulders are on a level with the
corresponding shoulders of the matrices. In this position, the upper or thinnest
portion of the space bar is included in the line and the lower ends of all the space
bars are in the same horizontal plane and immediately above the shoulders on the
pushers. The upper ends of the pushers are stepped, the total distance from the
summit of the first step to the base of the lowermost step being equal to the length
of a step of the space lors, and the width of each of the steps of the pushers being
equal to or less than the thickness of the lower end of a space bar. It thus becomes
impossible for any step of a pusher to advance more than one space bar, and
consequently as the pushers are raised one after the other, it becomes impossible for
more than one space bar step to be entered into the line at one time. The left hand
pusher is provided with a cheek piece extending across the face of the other two,
while the middle one is provided with a similar cheek piece extending across the face
of the left hand pusher and the right hand pusher is provided with a similar cheek
piece extending across the face of the middle one. The functions of these cheek
pieces will he hereinafter explained.
On one of their faces all the pushers are each provided with a series of ratchet teeth
with which are adapted to co-operate three swinging pawls, or their equivalents.
These pawls are mounted upon a cross ral and normally pressed toward the pushers
by means of spring seated pins. A detent lever, provided with a pin and mounted
upon a rock shaft, is adapted to be operated to release the pawls froin the rock teeth
by means of a detent collar upon the rod connecting the cam lever and the crank

page_text: above mentioned said detent being adapted to strike the free end of an arm mounted
upon
the rock shaft last inentioned.
The method of justification prior to the action of the perfecter will be readily
understood. In the positions indicated, the elevator has already been lowered to
place the composed line between the vice jaws, and the vice jaws have been closed to a
a fixed distance, representing the desired length of linotype. Supposing now the line
to he too short, the justification thereof now begins. The cam lever above mentioned
is operated just prior to that at which the other cam permits the spring combined
with it to come into action. As a consequence of this arrangement, the eccentrically
shaped pin closes the vice jaws, and the detent throws the pawls out of engagement 1
Immediately thereafter,
before the horizontal reciprocating slide is actuated.
however the said slide is caused to move toward the left, the pawls standing clear.
As a consequence, the slide raises, say, the left pusher and a portion of the middle
one, it being assumed in this case that the amount of space necessary to be introduced
into the line, is equal to the thickness of two steps and a fraction of another on the
space bars. In such case, the left pusher will introduce successively into the line the
first increased step of two space bars. There is not sufficient space, however, for
the admission into the line of a step of the third space bar acted upon by the middle
pusher, and for this reason the shoulder or incline between the first step of the space
bar and the second step thereof is arrested by the lower ends of the matrices. It
being impossible for the space bars to rise further while the vice jaws continue to be
clamped, the above mentioned combined spring, due to its yielding actions, ceases to
exert any effective action for the time being. As the cams continue to revolve,
however, the cam acts upon its lever in such manner as to permit the shaft to rock in
the opposite direction, thereby permitting the pawls to move into engagement with
the teeth on the left and middle pushers. With respect to the middle pusher,
however, the lower end of the pawl occupies a position intermediate between two rack
teeth. Therefore, while the slide is prevented from raising the left and right
pushers, because it presents no lifting surface thereto, it can still raise the middle
pusher by its inclined surface, to a distance represented by, say, one half of a ratchet
tooth. At the same time the vice jaws have been opened and the slide is therefore
enabled to raise the middle pusher for a distance equal to one-half a ratchet tooth,
which will be just sufficient to introduce the partly entered step of the space bar into
the line, and the middle pusher is thereupon prevented from rising further, because
it then meets and engages with the pawls.
There have now been entered into the line, the second, or first increased, step of
three space bars, the first two of said steps having been introduced successively and
the third step having been first partially entered and then fully entered. It will be
observed, however, that while these steps are entered into the line, they have not been
sufficiently advanced to close the mould. This may be effected by the perfecter, but
for reasons hereinbefore set forth it is preferred to leave as little for the perfecter to
do as possible. For this reason, the function of the cheek pieces is made use of
Supposing that the justification necessary to fill out the line involves the raising of
the middle pusher to the same height as the left one, it will be evident that this
advance of the middle pusher will permit the cheek piece to advance into the line al
of the space steps already partly advanced by the left pusher so that the perfecter
in such instance, will have to take care of but one space bar, to wit, the partly
advanced space bar above the middle pusher. In like manner, a corresponding
upward movement of the right pusher would cause its cheek piece to advance inte
line any partly advanced space steps above the left pasher, and similarly, an
additional advance of the middle pusher would enable its cheek piece to advance inte
line, any partly advanced steps above the right pusher; so that in any case the
perfecter would only have to take care of such partly advanced space bars as wer
above some one particular pusher.
The perfecter, as has been indicated, has for its object to advance the partly advance
space steps so far into the line that they will, in conjunction with the matrices, clos
the mould openings, which is, of course, essential to the casting of a linotype. I

page_text: may conveniently consist of a swinging leaf or plate having ears, whereby it is
suspended to swing from pins at the outer ends of cross arms which themselves are
mounted to rock upon a pin fixed in bearings on the main frame. The opposite ends
of the said cross bars are connected by a cross rod and a spring is interposed between
this cross rod and a rocking lever whose lower end is in the path of a projection upon
the oscillating melting pot, the arrangement being such that when the oscillating
melting pot swings forward upon its standard, the said projection will strike the lower
end of the said rocking lever, thereby exerting a yielding pressure through the
interposed spring upon the cross rod, which spring pressure will rock the arms and
raise the swinging perfecter leaf. This leaf is normally urged outward by means of
a spring seated pin. It will be observed that it is provided with a number of cross
ridges angular in cross section and that its lower end has a downward inclination
corresponding to the inclination of the lug of the elongated space har. When the
plate is in the lowermost position, the lugs of such space bars as are forced upward by
the pushers, will not be prevented from rising by the spring pressed leaf, whereas on
the upward movement of the perfecter, its lowermost ridge will raise with it, such
of the spice bars as have been partly advanced through a portion of the second step,
and will complete the admission of said partly entered space steps into the line
sufficiently far to close the mould opening. If a third step of a space bar has been
partly advanced into the line, the next higher ridge of the perfecter le if will engage
with the lugs of said space bar and thereby complete the advance of the partly
It will be understood that the
admitted third space step into the line, and so on.
limit of the upward movement of the leaf is a distance equal to the length of one of
the space steps, in order to insure just sufficient advance of the space steps to the
predetermined positions to fully close out the line and to permit the steps to be
advanced by the perfecter to the same position as those that have been fully advanced
by the cheek pieces of the pushers.
During the operation of the perfecter, the vice jaws remain unclamped, and when
the perfecter action is finished, the elevator is lifted in the usual manner for alignment,
whereupon the vice jaws start to close. When the jaws are brought again to the
original position or to any other position which experience shows to be most
advantageous, the elastic character of the jointed space bars, together with the
elasticity of the line due to the joints between the matrices, and between the matrices
and space bars, are sufficient to enable the line to be compressed, so as to produce in
all instances slugs or linotypes of substantially uniform length; or where the vice is
not opened, the line expands by means of these joints to a degree sufficient to fill out
the line without admitting type metal in the joints. It will be understood that after
the line has been justified, and after the perfecter has acted and the line has been
again clamped, as described, the casting mechanism is operated to cast the slug or
linotype, and the succeeding operations of intermittingly rotating the mould wheel,
expelling the linotype into the collecting galley, and redistributing the matrices and
space bars is proceeded with in the usual manner.
While it is preferred to employ a number of pushers having a multiple series of
steps, yet in some instances there may be employed a series of individual pushers
independent of each other and arranged side by side each one having a width equal
to or narrower than the lower end of the space bars, and rest upon the inclined surfaces
of the steps of the slide. The slide, which is operated in the same manner as the
horizontal slide of the arrangement first described, is provided with ratchet teeth on
its lower edge adapted to engage with pawls arranged to be thrown into engagement
with the rack by spring actuated pins when permitted so to do by a detent lever, but
held out of engagement therewith when the detent collar acts upon the outer or free
end of the detent lever. This detent collar is fixed upon the cam lever rod as in the
first form of the invention, and is operated by the vice closing lever and cam in like
manner to the similar action of the same parts in the construction hereinbefore
described. It will, of course, be noted that in this case the pawls act directly upon
the slide instead of upon the teeth of the pushers, but the result attained is the same

page_text: in both cases. The mode of operation of the above modification will be apparent from
the description of the mode of operation of the preferred form of the invention.
Thus, a movement of the slide to the right will successively introduce into the line
such of the spaen hars as are encountered by the individual pushers in their upward
movement, and space steps will thus be successively introduced until the line is filled,
or until a final space step has been partly introduced and its entering shoulder wedged
in the line in the manner similar to what has already been described. The line being
thus closed out, the pawls are thrown into engagement with the detent rack on the
bottom of the slide the vice jaws are opened to unclamp the line, and thereby to
admit the remaining fraction of the partly admitted space step, and the perfecter is
brought into action to draw all the space bars to their final and predetermined
positions within the line.
The
The main characteristic feature of the improvements in the trimming mechanism is
that the knives on the vice frame are brought into exact alignment with either of the
two moulds of different sizes which are mounted in opposite sides of the mould wheel,
through the agency of aligners fastened to and carried by the latter and hearing a
constant relation of parallelism to the moulds, it being therefore immaterial to the
obtaining of perfect alignment, on the rotory reversal of the mould wheel and on
changing from one font to another, whether the two moulds be parallel to each other
or not, or whether or not they be located at exactly equal distances from the holes in
the said wheel which co-operate with the corresponding pins of the vice frame.
mould wheel is provided with diagonal grooves, parallel to each other, and each of
these is alapted to engage n guide rib formed diagonally on the rear surface of an
aligner bar. Each aligner presents its outer edge in a line parallel with the adjacent
mould. As, however, the rib on the back of the aligner is in a diagonal position, a
inovement of the aligner endwise will have the effect of moving its edge towards or
from the mould, in order that it may properly adjust and support the trimming knife
in relation to the mould, as hereinafter explained. Set screws serve to lock the aligner
in the adjustment chosen for it in any particular case. Each aligner is thus
adjustable as to distance from the mould but in any position of adjustament will retain
a constant and true parallel therewith.
The knife block is provided with two knives, adjustable from or toward each other
by means of the adjusting screws supported in the knife block frame, and adapted to
be locked in the position of adjustment chosen by means of the locking screws which
pass through screw threaded apertures in the knives and through elongated slots in
the knife block or frame. Facility is thus afforded for setting the knives to the
desired gange or distance apart. appropriate to the particular font employed.
The knife block is adapted to slide loosely into the frame into grooves. It is held
loosely in position by the end of a spring, projecting from a horizontal rotating plug
in the main frame. The knife block has a projection. After the block is in place,
the rotation of the plug causes the end of the spring to sweep over and against the
inner edge of this projection, so that the end of the spring tends to press the knife
block inward and to hold it against the adjacent aligner, which serves to determine
the position of the block and to keep its knives in alignment with the mould.
By rotating the block to the left, the end of the spring is turned upward and
outward over the top of the projection on the knife block, thus allowing the block to
be removed. The plug is provided with a handle for giving this rotation.
It will be understood that the function of the spring is simply to hold the knife
block from sliding out of the frame accidentally, and to hold it with a yielding pressure
against the aligner, so that the latter may determine the position of the knives with
relation to the mould. The construction, is, therefore, adapted to permit of the ready
removal of one knife block from the vice frame and the substitution therefor of
another knife block whose planing knives have already been adjusted to a different
font, this substitution being possible in a very short space of fime and with great
facility.
It will be noted that the knife block is provided with overhanging ledges, and that
these ledges bear against the outer vertical edge of the aligner as the mould wheel is

page_text: caused to approach the vice frame. Consequently, the knife block and its knives are
brought into accurate alignment with the mould, it being remembered that the
inould and aligner bear a constant relation of parallelism to each other. Any wear to
which the locating pins on the vice, or locating holes on the mould wheel, have been
subjected, is therefore without prejudicial effect upon the proper alignment of the
planing knives, and the knives will, therefore, always assume the position of the
mould and will stand exactly in front of and in alignment with the mould opening,
even though the moulds may not be parallel to each other or at equal distances from
the locating holes. For the convenient insertion and removal of the moulds they
may be provided with shoulders adapted to engage beneath the heads of the screws
which are seated in the mould wheel (and cut away on the side), whereby a partial
rotation of the screws in one direction will release the moulds and permit their
removal, and a partial rotation of the screws in the opposite direction will lock in
place the new moulds to be inserted.
Referring once more to the justifying devices, it must be pointed out that the
feature of the preferred construction is that, during justification, the vice jaw is held
rigid until after justification is completed, at which time a lever through the spring
connection acts to close it so as to prevent the metal from squirting should the line
have been insufficiently filled.
While we have described herein the use of stepped spaces which are laminated, and
which consequently possess marked compressibility, it is found in practice that solid
spaces of like form may be used to good advantage, provided the rise of their steps or
shoulders is kept within reasonable limits, the elasticity of the matrix line being
alone sufficient to compensate for the extremely small variations and permit practically
exact justification.
Further, while we have described a preferred construction wherein the vice jaws
are unclamped and then again clamped after the final justification has been
completed, we regard as comprised within the scope of the invention, the employment
of fixed vice jaws, which are not unclamped, relying upon the natural elasticity of the
line to fill out the required space, whether solid or laminated space bars are employed.
In practice we have found that this arrangement is effective and that the proper
closure of the mould is secured thereby.
Also, we regard as comprised within the scope of the invention, the employment of
the perfecter alone in connection with the pushers to bring the introduced space bars
to their final position.
In practice, it is found that a machine constructed on our plan gives lines of nearly
uniform length, that the variation cannot be detected by the eye, that a large pro-
portion of the lines are of the exact length determined upon, and that in an equally
large proportion of the lines, the spaces are of equal width.
Dated this 11th day of August 1896.
PHILLIPS & LEIGH,
Agents for the Applicants.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Spacing and Justifying and Casting and
Trimming Mechanisms of Linotype Machines.
We, THE LINOTYPE COMPANY, LIMITED, of No. 188 Fleet Street, in the City of
London, Sole Proprietors of, and Sole Manufacturers, Vendors, and Licensors under,
the Linotype" Patents, do hereby declare the nature of this invention-a
communication from Ottmar Mergenthaler, of Baltimore, Maryland, United States of
America-and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
The present invention relates to improvements in the spacing and justifying and
B

page_text: casting and trimming mechanisms of linotype machines. The improvements in
spacing and justifying mechanism are applicable generally to all machines in which
composed lines of type dies or type matrices are to be justified; and the improvements
in the casting and trimming mechanisms are applicable generally to all machines in
which linotypes are cast. The embodiment of them in connection with the
respectively co-operating mechanismas of the Mergenthaler Linotype machine bas
been selected for illustration and detailed description only because the improvements
in question were devised with special reference to that machine and because it is the
only one in use in this country. It must, therefore, be distinctly understood, that
the selection in question is not to be taken as in any way limiting the scope or
applicability of the invention. The Mergenthaler Linotype machine is fully described
in the specification of Letters Patent No. 14582 of 1890 and the reader is referred
thereto for further information as to the co-operating mechanisms above mentioned.
To facilitate such reference the same reference letters are used to designate such parts
of that machine as occur in the accompanying figures.
The said invention includes improved means for justifying the composed line as
well as certain novel features in the construction and arrangement of parts of the
mould wheel, and their relation to the knife block, so that in shifting from one fount
to another and when the wheel furnished with two moulds of different sizes, is shifted
on its axle to bring the other of them into working position, that other one will be
brought into proper alignment with the improved trimming knives.
It may be advantageously remarked here, that by spacing is meant the introduction
of a space bar into the line at the end of a word, and by justifying, the act of
increasing the total thickness of the space lars in the line until the latter is elongated
to the standard length.
In carrying the invention into effect, the composed line is, made up of type matrices
or type dies and space bars as heretofore; but the space bars are formed so as to
present a series of steps, the sides of each step being substantially parallel, the
uppermost step of the space har being the thinnest and forming part of the composed
line before justification, and the lower steps successively increasing in thickness by a
determined amount, so that the pushing of these thicker steps into the composed line
can be utilized to effect its justification. As ench line is composed, it is made up to
as near the standard length as possible; but there will always remain at the end, a
space insufficient to admit another word or another syllable, and which space requires
to be filled by justification. This space differs with different lines, and it cannot
practically be ascertained in advance. It is obvious that if all of the stepped space
bars of the line are pushed simultaneously, the line will be elongated for a definite
and invariable distaner. But, in practice, it is frequently found that the space
remaining to be filled, is insufficient to permit all the space bars being pushed farther
through the line, and it therefore becomes necessary to push one or more of them
through it for a greater distance than the others, thus introducing into the line
toward the completion of justification, the amount represented by the pushing
through of one step on one, two, or more space bars.
The present invention contemplates a mode of justification by means of stepped
space bars, such mode of justification having as a characteristic feature, the pushing
of one justifying step at a time into the composed line, whereby the space bars are
pushed up one by one, during the justifying action so as to successively introduce
additional single steps into the said line until no more can be introduced, when the
said action temporarily ceases. At this stage of the operation, there usually remains,
after the line has thus been approximately justified, a space insufficient for the
admission of an additional step and into which an additional step has been partially
pushed. It is one of the objects of the invention to complete the justifiention by
providing for this additional step being pushed wholly into the line.
When the additional partly entered step is to be pushed wholly into the line (which
would be in accordance with the particular construction illustrated,) the further
upward movement of the wholly pushed in steps of the remaining space bars, is

page_text: temporarily stopped; the vice jaws confining the composed and partly justified line
between them, are opened, thereby releasing it; and the partly pushed in step is
pushed up until it is wholly in the line, whereupon it is in turn stopped.
It is, of course, evident that at this stage of the operation, where the vice jaws have
been temporarily opened for the last step to be pushed in, the length of the line will
depend upon the thickness of the additional fraction of a step which has been thus
pushed into it. For this reason, successive lines will not be of uniform length, but
will vary a certain fraction of the difference between the thickness of successive steps
of the space bar; that is, for instance, if the difference between the thickness of the
successive steps of a space bar is 015 of an inch, the variations in the length of
different lines after the last partly pushed in step, has been wholly pushed in, would
be between 0 and 015. If the steps were relatively thicker or thinner, the limit of
variation in the lengths of the composed lines would be correspondingly increased or
diminished. This difficulty, however, is, in practice, substantially obviated by making
available the elasticity of the line due to the joints between the matrices and between
the matrices and space bars, and partly to the jointed construction of the space bars.
themselves, if luminated spaces are used, whereby it is permitted either to compress
the line to an amount equal to the excess of its length beyond the normal length; or
to close the line very tightly by the action of the stepped pushing device which
pushes the space bars farther through the line; and, on the final closing of the vice,
to leave the distance between the vice jaws equal to the standard length of linotype
and slightly longer than the particular composed line then undergoing justification,
whereupon the elasticity of the composed line will come into play, all of the joints.
slightly opening, and yet none of them opening far enough to allow metal to pass in
between them. And, as before indicated, it has been found in practice, that even
where the vice jaws are not opened to allow of an additional step being pushed into
the line, and even where solid space bars are substituted for the laminated space bars
illustrated herewith, the natural elasticity of the composed line may be relied upon to
elongate it and to close the front of the mould cavity.
In the practical embodiment of the invention, the pushing device which acts to
push single justifying steps successively into the composed line, is itself of a stepped
construction, in the sense that it consists of pushers or bars having a series of steps
on their edges or upper ends, each of such steps being equal in width to, or being
narrower than, the thickness of the bottom end of a space bar, a relation which makes
it impossible for any one step of the pushing device to push into the line, more than
one space bar at a time. Furthermore, the length of each step on the space bars, is
equal to the height of the highest, step on the pushing device above the base line of
the lowest step thereon, a relation which is also necessary to prevent two space steps
being entered into the composed line at the same time, as will hereinafter more fully
appear.
It will, of course, he apparent that, hecause the individual steps on the pushing
device are of less height than the length of the individual space bar steps, only the
highest step of a pusher could, of itself, push a space bar step to the final position in
the justified line. Where, therefore, the steps of the pushing device alone are
employed for pushing up the space bars, (which is among the modifications herein
illustrated,) such pushing up is supplemented and completed by an auxiliary device
called an executor," whose function it is to thus supplement the action of the pushers
after the latter have been arrested in their upward movement.
While the employment of the executor alone is part of the present invention, it
is preferred that it should not be relied on to complete the pushing in of all the
space bar steps. One of the reasons for it not being so relied on, is the avoidance of
unnecessary friction and resistance due to the variable size of the space or opening
into which the last step must be pushed. Consequently, the preferred construction
herein illustrated, provides a number of consecutively acting pushers, the construction
and arrangement of parts being such that such space steps as have been partially
pushed in by the first pusher, are pushed to their final position in the line by the
next succeeding pusher, and so on. This expedient leaves but very few of the space

page_text: bars to be acted upon by the executor, as the main portion of them have already been
pushed to their final positions before the executor comes into action.
The present invention also includes dispensing with the before-mentioned opening
of the vice jaws to admit of an additional space bar step being pushed into the line,
in which event the natural elasticity of the composed line, is relied upon to fill up the
distance between the rigid vice jaws in the manner hereinafter described.
Another modification which the invention contemplates is a space bar, plane on one
side, that is without inclines, and stepped on the other one only.
One of the important advantages conferred by the present system of justification,
arises from the peculiar construction of the space bars. It will be noticed that
whether the space bar is of the laminated construction herein illustrated, or is simply
constructed of solid metal, in either case it is provided with a series of distinct
parallel surfaces or steps, and that between each two pairs of such successive parallel
surfaces, there is one pair of inclines. It, therefore, follows that when the composed
line is completely justified by means of these space bars in connection with the
devices employed therewith, each of the space bars finds itself stopped at a point just
prior to contact with the adjacent die or matrix, by a pair of inclines, thus ensuring
for each space bar a definite or predetermined position. In other words, it is
impossible with the construction shown, that any space bar should be contained in the
line unless it be pushed home or substantially so, a pair of its inclines being then in
close proximity with the bottom edge of the adjacent matrices. Consequently, it will
be seen that the front of the mould cavity will be always closed by the matrices and
the parallel edges of the space bars, and that there will be no opportunity for escape of
the molten metal. This advantage of pushing the space bar to a predetermined position
and closing the front of the mould cavity, still further distinguishes the present
method from previous methods of justification.
Referring to the accompanying figures, which are to be taken as part of this
specification and read therewith,
Figure 1 is a front elevation of the vice and vice frame of a Mergenthaler Linotype
machine, together with the mechanism for operating the former; and illustrates the
application of the improved justifying mechanism to the latter.
Figure 2 is a side elevation from the left and partly in section, corresponding with
Figure 1.
Figure 3 is a side elevation on an enlarged scale, of the vice frame, viewed from the
right of Figure 1.
Figure 4 is a perspective view of the justifying mechanism in its relation to
the vice and the composed line confined therein immediately prior to the beginning
of the justification.
Figure 5 is a perspective view of the vice, a composed line confined therein, and the
executor.
Figure 6 represents, in front and side elevation and on an enlarged scale, an
improved space bar.
Figure 7 is a frout elevation illustrating the relative positions of the pushers, the
vice, the composed line and part of the justifying slide just before justification
commences.
Figure 7 represents the corresponding position of the stopping pawl with respect
to a pusher.
Figure 8 is a front elevation illustrating the relative positions of the pushers
with respect to the composed line, when the first pusher has pushed its space
bars up into the line, and the second one has partly done so to its space har.
Figure 8 represents the position of the stopping pawl immediately after the line
has been elongated.
Figure 8 represents the position occupied in the line by the partly entered pair of
inclines at this stage of the justifying action.
Figures 9, 94, and 9 are similar views, respectively, illustrating the positions
of the respective parte after the said pair of inclines has been pushed up into
the line.

page_text: Figure 10 is a front elevation of the same parts after the space bar steps have
been pulled to their final positions in the line by the executor.
Figure 11 is a front elevation of the same parts at the termination of one
complete movement of the first pusher during the justifying operation, and shows the
adjuncts for permitting each pusher to push into their final positions, the space bar
steps introduced by the preceding pusher.
Figure 12 is a front elevation of the same parts at the termination of a complete
movement of the second pusher and illustrates the manner in which said pusher
pushes into their final positions in the line, the space bar steps introduced by the first
pusher.
Figure 13 is a front elevation of the upper portion of the first pusher.
Figure 14 is a front elevation of the upper portion of each succeeding pusher.
Figure 15 is a transverse sectional elevation of the melting pot, the mould wheel,
the transporter and executor, and illustrates particularly the mode of operation of the
latter.
Figure 16 is a front elevation of a vice, a composed line confined therein, and a
modified justifying mechanism acting upon the latter.
Figure 17 is a front elevation of the improved mould wheel furnished with two
mould blocks and means for adjusting the trimming knives with relation to the
mould cavities.
Figure 18 is a vertical section taken along the line 18-18 of Figure 17 and
including the co-operating knife block mounted on the vice frame.
Figure 19 is a front elevation of a portion of the vice frame and of the knife block
in place thereon.
Figure 20 is a horizontal section of the knife block on the line 20-20 of
Figure 19, showing also the aligning device of the mould wheel by which the knives
are adjusted automatically in proper relation to the mould cavity.
Figure 21 is a rear elevation of the knife block and the trimming knives.
Figure 22 is a plan of a detachable mould block and its two holding screws.
Figures 23 and 24 are, respectively, front and end elevations of an aligner.
Similar letters of reference indicate similar parts throughout the several figures.
In the Mergenthaler Linotype machines, the type matrices and space hars, properly
assorted and contained in suitable magazines, are released therefrom by means of
finger keys actuated by the operator to compose an entire line, and the line thus
composed, is shifted laterally into the transporter which lowers it in front of a mould
cavity whose form and dimensions correspond to those of the body of the desired
linotype. A clamping device, commonly called a vice, nets upon the composed line
of matrices and space bars while in front of the mould cavity, and the space bars are
pushed up through the line, so as to justify it. A melting pot containing molten
metal is arranged to close the mould cavity on the rear side while the front side is
closed by the composed line. At the proper moment, a pump in the melting pot acts
to deliver the molten metal into the mould cavity, where it solidifies into a linotype
having on its edge the counterpart of the composed line. As soon as this casting
operation is completed, the transporter lifts the composed line, and the space bars are
then separated mechanically from the inatrices and returned to the magazine from
which they started, while the matrices are carried to a distributing mechanism at the
top of the machine, where they are assorted and returned to the respective magazine
channels. After the removal of the matrices therefrom, the mould cavity is moved to
ejecting device which is pushed forward so as to deliver the linotype
into a galley.
P1 is the vice frame. It is provided at its top with the two longitudinally
moveable jaws pl and p-Figure 1-between which the composed line of matrices and
space bars is confined in front of the mould cavity o-Figure 15.
The jaw p¹ which may be moved forward to cover the said cavity, as hereinafter
explained, stands normally and during the casting action, against a rigid stop, screw,
or equivalent support, so that it is firmly supported and prevented from sliding
backward during the justifying action,

page_text: The opposite jaw is allowed a slight forward and backward motion, which it
receives Figures 1, 2 and 4-from the cam A15 acting on the lever A to depress it.
This lever has its fulcrum on a rod A" fast to the main frame of the machine behind
the axis of the cam A15. It is provided with a returning spring A8 which pulls from
a fixed support on the main frame of the machine.
The lever A, is connected by a rod A" and crank A, to an eccentric pin A21.
This latter is journalled in the vice frame P and passed through a circular opening
in the end of a rod A. The opposite end of this rod A is turned upward and
provided with a screw hearing against the back of the jaw p' to give it support.
By means of the proper shaping and timing of the cam A and the connections
just enumerated, the vice jaw is actuated to clamp and unclamp the composed
line. The jaw may stand permanently in its open position, as indicated in
Figures 1, 4 and 16, but it is preferred to have it slide forward towards its fellow
after the casting of each linotype, in order to close the front of the mould cavity of
and prevent the leakage of metal therefrom in the event of the other parts
failing to present the composed line properly between the two jaws pl. To effect
the automatic opening and closing of the jaw 2', it is provided with a rod A23
extending through a frictional spring slide A24 detachably pivotted on the
vibrating arm A. This latter is loosely mounted on the rocking delivery-lever
shaft. A, and is provided with projections A and A" one on each side of the pin A
which projects from the shaft A26 so that as the said shaft is rocked, the pin A
acts to vibrate the arm A, and to thereby open and close the jaw p¹. The
frictional connection between the arm A and the rod A, permits either to be moved
independently of the other to a limited extent as is required in practice.
A3, A3, A32 are three space bar pushers. They are mounted between horizontal
cross bars attached to or forming a part of the vice frame P¹. At the bottom of the
vice frame, there is a horizontal guide A in which a horizontal reciprocating slide A
is arranged to move for the purpose of operating the pushers. The space bar
pushers, no matter how many there are herein referred to collectively as the
stepped pushing device.
It will be observed--Figure 4-that the pushers A, A, A, normally rest. upon
the upper flat surface of a toothed rack A attached to and forming a part of the
slide A, and that the said slide is provided-Figures 1 and 4-with a series of
grailuated steps A, A, A, A. These are horizontal and are connected by inclines.
Each horizontal step is long enough to accommodate all three of the pushers; and
the height or rise of it is equal to the length of a space har step measured between two
inclines. The pushers themselves are provided at their lower ends with inclines
corresponding as to angle of inclination with the inclines on the slide A34, in order
that the slide steps A, A, A3, A39, may be advanced easily thereunder. The
rack A35 is operated by means of the rack pinion A secured to a revoluble stud
shaft. A, supported vertically in loose bearings and operated by means of a sprocket
wheel A fixed upon it and engaging with a sprocket chain A. A cover A may
advantageously be used to protect the parts l-low from dust and dirt. One end of
the said sprocket chain is connected to one end of the spring A4, the opposite end of the
latter being made fast to a hook A fast to the machine frame. The other end of the
sprocket chain A43 is connected to the free end of a lever A fulerummed to turn
freely upon a supporting rod A" and adapted to be operated against the pull of the
spring A by means of the cam A fast on the same shaft as the cam A15.
The pushers A, A, A, are guided to move vertically and occupy a position in
line with and immediately below the composed line of matrices and space bars,
when it is between the vice jaws pl, p. The pusher A carries at its lower ends, as
shown in Figure 1, a cross piece A, which bears against the vertical surface of the
frame 1, straddling the vertical slot therein, and forming a support or hearing for the
lower end of the said pusher, which would otherwise be liable to spring laterally into
the guide A through which the slide A passes,
The matrices Y, as clearly shown in Figure 15, are of the usual kind and shape in
the Linotype machine herein before referred to excepting as to their having two pairs

page_text: of top shoulders y', y', to correspond with the improved space bars, and the composed
line, as a whole, is delivered in front of the mould cavity o in the usual manner, by
means of the yoke or transporter N.
It
The construction of the improved space bars is shown particularly in Figure 6.
consists of a stepped bar having the usual shoulders 2 for engagement with the
transporter N and having at its upper end, shoulder for engagement with the executor,
the said shoulders z being inclined upon their upper surface for a purpose described
further on.
Each side of a space bar presents a continuous surface of sheet metal. It is pre-
ferred that both should be integral with each other and for that reason they are
produced by having a metal strip Z bent upon itself half way neross the middle of it,
such strip having been duly cranked to produce the inclines 7 which connect one step
with its neighbour. Between the two portions of the strip Z, there is inserted a second
correspondingly enanked and bent strip 2 extending from the open end of the bent
strip up to the pair of inclines Z nearest to the bend. The combined thicknesses of
the two strips and Z form the second or first increased step of the space bar. In
like manner, a third correspondingly cranked and bent strip Z is inserted, within the
strip Z3 extending up to the pair of inclines therein nearest to the bend of it. The
combined thickness of the strips 7, 72 and 7, constitute the next succeeding step of
the space bar. Bent strips 7 and 7 similarly inserted, go to make up the succeeding
steps of the space har. The bent strips 7, 77, Z, Z and 2 are all continued down to
the lower end of the space bar, and rivets 7 serve to unite the combined strips into a
single structure presenting a series of steps equal in length and having practically
parallel sides, the steps being joined to each other by the inclines 7. The number
of thicknessus of thin metal of which the space bars are thus composed, imparts to
them a certain degree of compressibility and elasticity which is made available, as will
hereinafter more fully appear, in the justifying operation. Care is taken that the
rivets shall hold the strips sufficiently close together to prevent the passage of the
molten type metal between the joints during the casting operation, whatever com-
pressive action may be exerted at the time upon the sides of the space bar. The
inherent elasticity of the space bars on the other hand permits them either to be
very tightly compressed in the line and to so remain during the casting operation, or,
after having been compressed, to partly or nearly return to their original dimensions,
and thus elongate the line when the compressive force is removed, without opening
sufficiently to admit the passage of molten type metal between their joints. The con-
struction, moreover, is substantial and cheap in point of manufacture.
Where the usual double wedge space bars are employed without due regard to the
keeping of the surfaces clean, much annoyance is occasioned by the adherence of type
metal to the space bars. This adherence of the metal seems to be due to the fact that
in wedge spacing, the casting is always made against the same spot on the stationary
part of the wedge. It is disastrous to the matrices for the reason that when the
justifying wedges are exerting their force of elongating the composed line sufficiently
to prevent the metal from flowing in between the space bars and the matrices, these
adhesions of type metal ruin the matrices by crushing in the thinner side walls of
their formative cavities. The difficulty is largely avoided in the improved space bars
because of the facts that both their sides are moveable and because, in the method
of justification practiced herein, the space bars are shifted so that they are cast
against in more than one position.
It will be understood, as hereinbefore indicated, that the composed line is delivered
to the vice jaws pl, p2, in such manner that the shoulders z are on a level with the
corresponding shoulders y', y' of the matrices, as indicated in Figures 4 and 7, In
this position the upper or thinnest portion of the space bar is included in the composed
line and the bottom ends of all the space bars are in the same horizontal plane and
immediately above the shoulders on the pushers A, A, A. The upper ends of these
pushers are stepped as shown, the total distance from the summit of the first step to
the base of the lowermost step being equal to the length of a step of a space bar,

page_text: and the width of each of the steps of the pushers being equal to or less than the
thickness of the bottom end of a space bar. It thus becomes impossible for any
step of a pusher to advance more than one space bar, and consequently as the
pushers are raised one after the other, it becomes impossible for more than one
space bar step to be entered into the line at one tine. It will be observed-
Figures 4, 11, 12 and 13-that the pusher A is provided with a cheek piece A
extending across the rear face of the pushers A, A, and that the pusher A is
provided with a similar cheek piece A" extending across the front face of the
pusher A, and that the pusher A is provided with a similar cheek piece A
extending across the front face of the pusher A". The functions of these cheek pieces
will be hereinafter explained.
On one of their faces, the pushers A, A, A, are each provided-see Figures 1,
2, and 4-with a series of ratchet teeth A54, with which are adapted to co-operate the
swinging pawis A, or their equivalents, mounted upon a cross rod A and normally
pressed toward the pushers by means of spring seated pins A-Figure 2. A detent
lever A provided with a pin A and mounted upon a rock shaft A", is adapted to be
operated to release the pawis A55 from the rack teeth A4 by means of a detent
collar A upon the rod A", said detent being adapted to strike the free end of an
arm A2, mounted upon the rock shaft A00.
Commencing now with the location of the parts indicated in Figures 4 and 7, the
method of justification prior to the action of the executor will be readily understood.
In the positions indicated, the transporter N has already been lowered to place the
composed line between the vice jaws p, p, which has been closed to a fixed distance
representing the desired length of linotype. Supposing now the line to be too short,
the justification thereof now begins. As will be seen by referenco to Figure 4,
wherein the arrow denotes the direction of novement of the cams A¹, and A9, the
cam A permits the spring A" to operate the lever A" just prior to that at which the
cam A permits the spring A to come into action. As a consequence of this
arrangement, the eccentric pin A21 closes the vice and the detent A58 throws the
pawls A" out of engagement before the slide A" is actuated. Immediately thereafter,
however, the said slide A is caused to move toward the right with respect to
Figures 7, 8, 9 and 10, the pawls A hanging clear of the teeth A" as indicated in
Figure 7. As a consequence, the said slide raises, say, the first pusher A30, and a
portion of the second one A31, it being assumed in this case that the amount of space
necessary to be pushed into the composed liue is equal to the thickners of two steps
and a fraction of another on the space bars. In such case, the first pusher A3 will, in
the composed line shown in Figures 7 to 10, push successively into the said lines, the
first increased step of two space bars. There is not sufficient space, however, for
there being pushed into the line, of a step of the third space bar acted upon by the
pusher As, and for this reason, the incline between the first and the second steps of
the third space bar is arrested by the lower ends of the matrices Y, as indicated in
Figure 8. It being impossible for the space hars to rise further while the vice
jaws p, p, continue to be clamped, the spring A", because of its yielding nature,
ceases to exert any effective action for the time being. As the cams A15, A", continue
to revolve, however, the cam A" acts upon the lever A10 in such manner as to permit
the shaft. A" to rock back, thereby permitting the pawls A" to move into engagement
with the teeth A" on the pushers A, A, With respect to the pusher As, however,
the bottom ends of the pawls A" occupy a position intermediate between two teeth,
as indicated in Figure 84, Therefore, while the slide A is prevented from raising
the pushers A, A, because it presents no lifting surface thereto, it can still raise the
pusher A3 by its incline to a distance represented by, say, one-half of a tooth. At
the same time, the vice jaws p1, p2 have been opened and the slide A is therefore
enabled to raise the pusher As for a distance equal to one-half a tooth, a distance
which will be just sufficient to introduce the partly entered step of the third space bar into
the composed line as indicated in Figure 98, and the pusher A is thereupon prevented

page_text: from rising further, because it then meets and engages with the pawls A", as indicated
for one of said pawls in Figure 9^.
As indicated in Figure 5, there have now been pushed into the line, the second,
or first increased, steps of three space bars; the first two of said steps having been
pushed in successively and the third step having been first partially and then wholly
pushed in. It will be observel, however, that while these steps are pushed into
the line they have not been pushed in far enough to close the mould cavity o.
This may be effected by the executor, but for reasons hereinbefore set forth,
it is preferred to leave as little for the executor to do as possible. For this reason,
the cheek pieces A, A, A, are made use of, and in order to make clear their
function without confusion, their action is illustrated separately in Figures 11 and 12.
It has been assumed that the justification necessary to elongate the line, involves the
raising of the pusher A" to the same height as the pusher A. It will be evident
that, on a comparison of the two figures, this rising of the pusher A, will permit
the check piece A to push into the composed line, all the space steps already partly
pushed in by the pusher A, so that the executor, in such instance, will have to take
eare of but one space bar, to-wit, the partly pushed in space bar ahove the pusher A",
In like manner, a corresponding upward movement of the pusher A would cause its
cheek piece A to push into the composed line, any partly advanced space steps
above the pusher A, and similarly an additional upward movement of the pusher A",
would enable its cheek piece A to advance into the composed line, any partly
advanced steps above the pusher A; so that, in any case, the excentor would only
have to take care of such partially pushed in space bars as were above some one
particular pusher.
The executor, as has been indicated, has for its object to push the partially pushed
in space steps so far into the composed line, that they will, in conjunction with the
matrices Y, close the mould cavity o, which closure is, of course essential to the
casting of a linotype. It may, and does conveniently, consist-Figures 4, 5 and 15-
of a swinging plate Z' having ears Z, Z, whereby it is suspended from pins Z, Z10,
carried by the front ends of levers Zi, Zit adapted to rock upon a rod 2 supported
by the main frame of the machine. The opposite or rear ends of the levers Z, Z",
are connected by a tie Z. Z15 is a lever having its fulcrum in the rod Z. Z is a
cushioning spring between the lever 75 and the tie Z. It may be of any suitable
construction. It is shewn as a spiral one held in working position by a pin passed
loosely through a hole in the tie 2 through itself and finally made fast in a horizontal
rod Z turning in the front end of the lever Z. Further, the lower end of this
lever 21 stands in the path of a projection v" upon the oscillating inelting pot v,
the relationship between the parts just described being such that when the said pot
swings forward upon its legs, the projection " will strike the lower end of the
lever Z", thereby exerting a yielding pressure through the spring 2 upon the tie Z¹³,
which pressure will rock the levers Z" and raise the plate 7. This plate Z' is
normally urged outward by means of a spring seated pin Z". It will be observed
that the said plate is provided with a number of cross ridges Z18 angular in cross
section, and that its lower end has a decline Z corresponding with the inclines on
the lugs z on the space bar. It will be apparent from Figure 15, that when the
plate is in the lowermost position, the lugs of such space bars as are forced
apward by the pushers will not be prevented from rising by the said plate because
hat would swing back, whereas on the upward movement of the executor, the
owermost of the ridges Zs will pull up with it such of the space bars as have been
artially pushed into the composed line for a portion of their second steps, and will
omplete the pushing in of the said partially pushed in space steps sufficiently far to
lose the mould cavity o. If a third step of a space bar has been partly pushed into
he line, the next higher ridge of the plate 2 will engage with the lugs z of the said
pace bar and thereby complete the pash in of the partially admitted third space step
nto the said line, and so on. It will be understood that the limit of the upward
novement of the plate 2 is a distance equal to the length of one of the space steps,
order to insure just sufficient advance of the space steps to the predetermined

page_text: positions to fully elongate the composed line and to permit the steps to be advanced.
by the executor to the same position as those that have been fully pushed in by the,
cheek pieces A", A", A" of the pushers.
In Figure 10, the third space bar has been advanced by the action of the executor
acting in the manner described, after the pushers have completed their work and
while the pusher A is held against further movement by means of the pawls A".
During the operation of the executor, the vice jaws p1, p' remain unclamped, and
when the executor action is finished, the transporter N is lifted as has hitherto been
the practice in the Mergenthuler Linotype machine, for alignment of the matrices,
whereupon the said vice jaws start to close. When they are brought again into the
original position or into any other position which experience shows to be the most
advantageous, the elastic character of the jointed space bars, together with the
elasticity of the composed line due to the joints between the matrices, and between
the matrices and space bars, are sufficient to enable the said line to be compressed, so
as to produce in all instances, linotypes of substantially uniform length; or where the
vice jaws are not opened, the composed line expands by means of these joints to a
degree sufficient to elongate it without admitting type metal into the joints. It will be
understood that after the said line has been justified, and after the executor has acted
and the line has been again clamped, as described, the casting mechanism is operated
to cast the linotype, and the succeeding operations of intermittingly rotating the
mould wheel O ejecting the linotype into the galley, and redistributing the matrices
and space bars, is proceeded with in the usual manner.
While it is preferred to employ a number of pushers having a multiple series of
steps as in the pushers A30, A3, A32, yet there may in some instances be employed
a series of individual pushers independent of each other and arranged side by side as
indicated in Figure 16, wherein each individual pusher A is of a width equal to, or
narrower than, the bottom end of a space bar, and rests upon the steps of the slide A"
which are inclined instead of heing horizontal. In the arrangement shown in this
figure, moreover, the said slide, which is operated in the same manner as the slide A34
of the first described modification of the invention, is provided with rachet teeth A
on its lower edge adapted to engage with pawls A arranged to be thrown into
engagement with the said ratchet teeth by the spring actuated pins A" when permitted
so to do by the detent lever As, and to be held out of engagement therewith when
the detent collar A acts upon the outer or free end of the said detent lever. The
detent collar A is fixed upon the rod A10 and is also operated by the lever A1 and
cam A as in the first described modification of the invention. It will, of course, be
noted that, in this second modification, the pawls act directly upon the slide A"
instead of upon the teeth A" of the pushers A, A or A, but the result attained
is the same in both. The mode of operating the modification shown in Figure 16
will be apparent from the description of the mode of operating the first described
modification which, however, is the preferred one.
Thus, a movement of the slide A" to the right, will successively introduce into the
composed line, such of the space bars as are encountered by the individual pushers A
in their upward movement, and space steps will thus be successively pushed into the
composed line until it is elongated, or until a final space step has been partly pushed
in and its inclines Z wedged in the composed line similarly to what has already
been described wth reference to Figure 8. The composed line having been thus
elongated, the pawls A" are thrown into engagement with the ratchet teeth A on the
bottom of the slide A", the vice jaws p³, p are opened to unclamp the composed line,
and to thereby admit the remaining fraction of the partially pushed in space step,
and the executor is brought into action to draw all the space bars to their final and
predetermined positions within the line.
It has been usual for some time now, to provide a mould wheel O with two mould
blocks o¹¹, one on each side of the axis of the wheel, and both opposite to each other.
The mould cavities o in these two mould blocks, have been of different sizes in order
that the operator might, when a corresponding change of fount has become necessary,
change from one to the other by merely loosening the monld wheel on its axis,

page_text: turning it through half a circle thereon, and making it tight again. That part of the
present invention which relates to this part of the machine, is illustrated in
Figures 17 to 24. According to it, the two trimming knives N', N', are both mounted
upon one knife block; this knife block is readily detachable from the machine
whenever it becomes desirable that another should be substituted for it; and further,
there is a special provision whereby the mould wheel is rendered capable of
automatically aligning the pair of knives with the respective mould cavity. This
special provision consists principally of a bar called an aligner. It is fast to the
mould wheel and bears thereon a constant relation of parallelism to both the mould
cavities o on the same wheel. It therefore becomes immaterial to the obtaining of
the perfect alignment between mould cavity and pair of knives, whether the two
mould cavities on the said wheel be parallel to each other or not, or whether or not
they stand at exactly equal distances from the well known steadying socket and
studs.
Referring to Figures 18 to 21, N2 is the improved detachable knife block, and
No, No are the two trimming knives held thereto. These knives are detachable to and
from each other, according to the thickness of the linotype to be trimmed by means
of adjusting screws Ns turning in projections from the rear face of the knife block N12
N° are headed screws passed from the front of the knife block through slots in it into
screw holes in the respective knives N', N', for holding the latter in their so adjusted
positions upon and to the knife block N2.
The improved knife block is adapted to slide loosely from the right hand side of
the vice frame P into horizontal grooves N3 in the latter. The holding device by
which it is held in the said grooves, consists of a V spring N" and a projection N¹³.
The former has one end fast in a circular plug N capable of a rotary motion about its
axis in the vice frame P', while the latter is fast on the front face of the knife
block N". The plug N40 is provided with an external handle N" by which it can be
turned. The free end of the spring N" is adapted to stand on the right hand side of
the projection N and to press against it with strength enough to hold the knife
block in place, while a turn of the handle N turns it up and away from the said
projection, thereby leaving the knife block N and the two knives N³, N' on it, free
to be detached from the vice frame, and which detaching can, therefore, be effected
without disturbing the adjustment of the two knives then on the block.
substitution for the detached knife block and its two knives, of a substitute knife
block with its knives adjusted for the other mould cavity is equally easy; being
simply a reversal of the motions just described.
The
Referring to Figures 17 to 24, O is the mould wheel; o, ol, the two mould
blocks fast in the respective slots therein; and o, o, the respective mould cavities.
05, 052 are two diagonal grooves--one for each mould cavity. They stand in the
front face of the wheel O. They are uniform in size and shape and parallel with each
other. 053 is the aligner. It is a rectangular plate having a rib Os running
diagonally along one side of it. The latter fits in either groove 0" and the
dimensions and position of the rib 0" are such that when it stands in a groove 052,
the outer side edge of the aligner 0" is parallel with the respective mould cavity.
As, however, the rib 0" on the back of the aligner is in a diagonal position, it follows
that a movement of the said aligner 053 endwise, will have the effect of moving the
said outer edge towards, or away from, the respective mould cavity o. Set screws Oss
-Figure 19-serve to lock the aligner 0 to the front face of the mould wheel O in
the position chosen for it. Hence the said aligner is adjustable in respect of distance
from the respective mould cavity, and it will always retain, in any position chosen
for it, a constant and true parallel with the said cavity. As the mould wheel O comes
round to the trimming position with its aligner edge set in a certain position, it first
pushes the knife block N to the right against the resilience of the spring N❝, and as
soon as it has attained the trimming position, the spring immediately moves the
knife block N2 to the left until its left edge bears up against the above mentioned
outer edge of the aligner (53.

page_text: It will be noted that the knife block N is provided with overhanging ledges N",
and that these ledges bear against the outer vertical edge of the aligner 0 as the
mould wheel O is caused to approach the vice frame 1. Consequently, the knife
block N and its knives N, N', are brought into accurate alignment with the mould
cavity o, it being remembered that the latter and the aligner 0 bear a constant
relation of parallelism to each other. Any wear to which the locating pins p on the
vice frame P or locating holes p on the mould wheel O, have been subjected, is
therefore without prejudicial effect upon the proper alignment of the knives, and the
said knives will, therefore, always assume the position of the mould cavity o and will
stand exactly in front of and in alignment therewith, even though the mould
blocks o may not be parallel to each other or at equal distances from the locating
holes. For the convenient insertion and removal of the said mould blocks from the
mould wheel O the former may be provided with tabs Figures 17 and 22-adapted
to engage beneath the heads of the screws R¹. The latter are seated in the mould
wheel and being cut away on the side, a partial rotation of them in one direction, will
release the mould blocks and permit of their removal and a partial rotation of the
screws in the opposite direction will lock in place the substitute mould block after it
has been inserted in its seat in the mould wheel.
Referring once more to the justifying mechanism, particular attention is directed
to the fact that in carrying this part of the invention into effect, it is preferred that
during justification, the vice jaw p¹ should be held rigid until after justification is
completed, at which time the lever A Figure 1--acting through the spring
connection A, closes it so as to prevent the metal from squirting should the composed
line have been insufficiently elongated.
While stepped spaces which are laminated and which consequently possess marked
compressibility, are illustrated and described in detail herein, it must be pointed out
that solid spaces of like form may be used to good advantage, provided that the
inclines Z, are kept within reasonable limits, the elasticity of the matrix line being
alone sufficient to compensate for the extremely small variations and permit practically
exact justification.
Further, while there is herein illustrated and described a preferred construction
wherein the vice jaws are unclamped and then again clamped after the final
justification has been completed, the present invention must be regarded as comprising
within its scope, the employment of fixed vice jaws which are not unclamped, reliance
being placed upon the natural elasticity of the composed line to elongate it to the
standard length, whether solid or laminated space bars are employed. It has been
found in practice, that this employment is effected and that the proper closure of the
mould cavity is secured thereby.
Also is the combination of the executor alone with the pushers for the purpose of
moving the space bars into their final position, a part of the present invention. Such
combination has been found to work effectively in practice. At the same time, the
combination of executor, pushers and cheek pieces on the latter is preferable.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that
what we claim is:-
1. The combination of composed line; stepped space bars; and stepped pushing
device adapted to push the said bars successively for the purpose set forth.
2. The combination of a composed line of matrices and stepped space bars therein;
and a stepped pushing device adapted to push the said space bars successively.
3. The combination of a composed line of matrices and stepped space bars therein;
and a stepped pushing device adapted to push the said space bars successively, the
length of one of the steps on the space bars being equal to the height of the highest
step on the pushing device above the base line of the lowest step thereon.
4. The combination with a composed line of matrices and stepped space bars
therein; and a plurality of separate stepped pushers provided with check pieces

page_text: overlapping one or more of the others, for completing the push into the composed
line, of space bar steps already there but not yet pushed in to their final positions in
the said line.
5. The combination of a composed line of matrices and stepped space bars therein;
a stepped pushing device adapted to push the space bars successively; and a
stepped slide adapted to operate the said device.
6. The combination of a composed line of matrices and stepped space bars therein;
a stepped pushing device adapted to advance the space bars successively; and a
stepped slide adapted to operate the pushing device, the height of a step on the slide
being equal to the length of a step on the space bar.
7. The combination of a composed line of matrices and stepped space bars therein;
a series of independently moveable stepped pushers; and a stepped slide arranged to
operate the series of pushers.
8. The combination of a composed line of matrices and stepped space bars therein;
a stepped pushing device adapted to push the space bars successively; means for
operating the pushing device; and means for checking its advance when the
composed line is released endwise.
9. The combination of a composed line of matrices and stepped space bars therein,
a stepped pushing device adapted to push the space bars successively; means for
operating the pushing device; and pawl and ratchet mechanism to limit its advance
when the said line is released endwise.
10. The combination of a composed line of matrices and stepped space bars
therein; a separate pushing device comprising a number of separate pushers provided
with ratchet teeth; and pawl devices co-operating with the said ratchet teeth to stop
the advance of the pushers.
11. The combination of a composed line of matrices and stepped space bars
therein; a stepped pushing device comprising a number of separate stepped pushers
with ratchet teeth thereon; pawls co-operating with the said ratchet teeth; a lever
for disengaging the pawls; and a cam for operating the said lever at the time the
said line is clamped by the vice jaws.
12. The combination of a composed line of matrices and stepped space bars
therein; a stepped pushing device comprising a number of separate pushers arranged
in line; means for operating the pushers; a pawl and ratchet mechanism for limiting
their advance when the said line is released; and means for throwing the pawl and
ratchet mechanism out of engagement when the line is clamped.
13. The combination of a composed line of matrices and stepped space bars
therein; a stepped pushing device; means for operating the pushing device when the
line is clamped endwise; means for stopping the further advance of the pushing
device while the line is released; an executor for completing the pushing in of the
space steps partially pushed in by the pushing device; and means for subsequently
compressing the line to the length required.
14. The combination of a composed line of matrices and stepped space bars
therein; a stepped pushing device; a stepped slide; and means for advancing and
returning the slide.
15. The combination of a composed line of matrices and stepped space bars
therein; a stepped pushing device; a stepped slide to operate the same; means
constantly tending to move the slide in one direction; and a cam acting in opposition
to said means.
16. The combination of a composed line of matrices and stepped space bars
therein; a stepped pushing device; a stepped slide for operating the same; a spring
actuated gearing for advancing the slide; and a cam operating in opposition to the
spring of the said gearing.
17. The combination of a composed line of matrices and stepped space bars
herein; a stepped pushing device; and a stepped slide for operating the same, the
ower ends of the pushing device being inclined to correspond with the inclines
connecting the steps on the said slide.

page_text: 18. The combination of a composed line of matrices and stepped space bars
therein; a pushing device; à stepped slide for operating the same; a rack on the said
slide; a pinion engaging the said rack; a sprocket wheel on the pinion shaft; a
sprocket chain; a spring connected with and tending to pull the chain; an oscillating
lever connected to the opposite end of the chain; and a cam for operating the lever
against the pull of the spring.
19. The combination of a composed line of matrices and stepped space bars
therein; means for operating the space bars to justify the said lines; vice jaws
adapted to limit the length of that line, said jaws being normally without tendency
to close during justification; and means for closing them after final adjustment of
the space bars has taken place, whereby justification may be carried on without
interference of the jaws.
20. The combination of a composed line of matrices and stepped space bars
therein; vice jaws to limit the length of the line; mechanism for opening and closing
the said jaws; stepped pushers having ratchet teeth; a pawl device engaging the
said teeth to limit the advance of the space bars and pushers when the vice jaws are
opened; and connections acting to disengage the pawl when the jaw is closed, and
vice versa.
21. The combination of stepped pushers; a pawl device engaging the same; a rock
shaft and its arm for disengaging the said pawl device; a sliding vice jaw; its
controlling bar b', the eccentric 63 with its crank for operating the said bar, and the
rod connecting the said crank with the arm of the said rock shaft.
22. The combination of a composed line of matrices and stepped space bars
therein; a stepped pusher to push the space bars successively into the said line; and
an executor substantially as shown to engage the space bars and complete the
pushing in of the partially intered space steps.
23. The combination of a composed line of matrices and stepped space bars
therein; a plurality of stepped pushers each having a cheek piece overlapping the
next; means for advancing the said pushers successively; and an executor adapted to
finally engage the space bars having steps partially pushed into the line to complete
the pushing of them thereinto.
24. The combination of a composed line of matrices and stepped space bars
therein; mechanism for pushing the space bars successively to insert but one
additional step at a time into the said line until it is elongated; and means for
carrying some of the inserted steps to their final positions in the line simultaneously
with the insertion of a subsequently inserted step or steps, whereby the steps
successively inserted into the line are in part advanced to their final positions in the
line while the insertion of others is proceeding.
25. The combination of sliding vice jaw p₁ capable of closing the mould cavity and
friction devices for opening and closing the said jaw.
26. The combination of sliding vice jaw pl; its operating rod; a vibrating arm; and
the frictional connection between said arm and rod.
27. The combination of sliding vice jaw pl; its operating rod; a vibrating arm; the
frictional connection between the said arm and rod; and the rock shaft connected
with the said arm by devices allowing lost motion between them.
28. The combination of mould wheel; inserted mould block having overhanging
tab at its ends, and the locking screws seated in the said wheel and having their
heads cut away on one side.
29. The combination of a series of stepped space bars and mechanism for pushing
part of the space bars into the composed line to predetermined points without
advancing the remainder.
30. The combination of type matrices or type dies; a series of space bars each
thicker at one end than at the other; and the means hereinbefore described for
pushing the said space bars through the composed line step by step for predetermined
distances to effect justification.
31. The combination of a stepped space bar thicker at one end than at the other

page_text: and means for positively pushing the said space bar through the composed line to
predetermined positions.
32. The combination of a line of matrices; stepped space bars therein; vice jaws to
limit the elongation of the composed line; means for pushing the said space bars
with a yielding pressure through the said line; and means for thereafter pushing the
said space bars positively through the line to predetermined positions.
33. The combination of a series of stepped space bars; means for pushing less than
the entire number of them through the composed line at a time until the proper
steps of each are in the said line; and means acting afterwards on all the space bars
in the said line to wholly push into it the previously partially pushed in space bar
steps.
34. The combination of a series of stepped space bars; means for making them
move endwise through the line until they occupy their appropriate positions therein;
and an executor having a series of cross ridges adapted to engage all the space bars
in the composed line, whereby the executor is adapted to pull all the space bar steps
already in the said line, wholly into it, whatever may be the position of the space
bars in relation to each other and to the said line.
35. The combination of a series of stepped space bars; a series of pushers acting to
push the said space bars step by step through the composed line until the appropriate
steps stand therein; and an executor finally acting on all the space bars in the
composed line to insure the seating of the previously entered space bar steps fully
within the line.
36. A pusher for adjusting the space bars in their respective positions in the
composed line, adapted to automatically move, different and definite distances to give
variant positions to the said space bars.
37. The combination of executor, moveable metal pot and intermediate connectious
through which the pot actuates the executor.
38. The combination of a composed line of matrices and stepped space bars
therein; vice jaws to limit the length of the said line; means for adjusting the space
bars in their respective positions in the said line to effect its elongation; and meaas
for separating the vice jaws to permit the entrance of the last step and to thereafter
close the said jaws.
39. The combination of a composed line of matrices and stepped space bars
therein; mechanism for adjusting the space bars in their respective positions in the
said line; and mechanism for automatically compressing the said line after the final
adjustment of the space bars.
40. The combination of a series of stepped space bars moveable endwise through
the composed line and an operating device arranged to engage the thin ends of the
said space bars and pull them through the line to the required positions.
41. The knife block carrying both trimming knives and bodily detachable from the
nachine without disturbing the adjustment of the knives.
42. The combination of a knife block carrying both trimming knives and bodily
detachable from the machine without disturbing the adjustment of the knives, with
means for holding the said knife block in place and at the same time permitting its
ready removal.
43. The combination of a mould wheel; a knife block mounted detachably on the
machine; and an aligning surface carried by the mould wheel and acting on the knife
block to determine the relation of the knives thereon to the mould cavity.
44. The combination of knife block; spring tending to move the same in one
direction; and mould wheel acting in opposition to the said spring to determine the
position of the knife block and its relation to the respective mould cavity.
45. The combination of mould wheel; mould cavity therein; an adjustable aligner;
nd a removeable knife block operating with and adjustable by the said aligner.
46. The combination of mould wheel; mould cavity therein; the adjustable aligner
onsisting of an adjustable plate united with the mould wheel by a sliding connection

page_text: in a line diagonal to the mould cavity, whereby the distance of the aligner from the
said mould cavity may be varied without destroying parallelism.
Dated this 11th day of June 1897.
PHILLIPS & LEIGH,
No. 22 Southampton Buildings, Chancery Lane, London, W.C.,
Agents for the Applicants.