Improvements relating to Freezing Machines and Pipe Systems.
Year: 1891

page_text: Date of Application, 31st Jan., 1891
Complete Specification Left, 1st Oct., 1891-Accepted, 12th Dec., 1891
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements relating to Freezing Machines and Pipe Systems.
I JOHANN LEONHARD SEYBOTH, Chemist, of Munich in the Empire of Germany
do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
This invention relates to freeezing machines and pipe systems and the improve-
ments relate principally to the separation of the oil used for lubrication. from the
volatile liquid or gas used in the freezing machine whereby the oil may be more
advantageously used and with better effect as a lubricant and packing or filling to
prevent escape of gas from the machine.
To this end the machine is provided with three oil receiving vessels all connected
to a pipe leading to the suction valve of an oil circulating pump said pipe having
stopcocks so that any of said vessels may be used for feeding the pump to the
exclusion of the others. The pump forces oil into the cylinder of the machine and
to the stuffing box of the piston rod thereof. The oil passing out of the cylinder
with the gas is forced therewith into a separating device consisting of a series of
concentric vertical tubes open alternately at their upper and lower ends so that the
oil being the heavier is left therein while the gas and volatile liquid if any pass
through the pipes, eventually leaving the separator above and passing into a gas
filtering vessel preferably consisting of two hollow hemispheres bolted together with
a sheet or sheets of filtering material between them. From this vessel the filtered
gas passes to the condensing chamber. The oil collecting below in the separator on
attaining a certain level flows out into an oil filtering vessel whence the filtered oil
passes to one of the oil receiving vessels first mentioned to be drawn therefrom by
the pumip and so continually passed through the machine. Another of the three
oil receiving vessels is for fresh oil and the third receives the overflow oil from the
stuffing box before mentioned. Such oil also as it condenses and collects in the
pipes leading from the cylinder to the separator is also allowed to pass to the oil
filtering vessel by opening a stop cock at intervals.
For horizontal machines a small pump may be placed in the oil receiving portion
of the oil filtering vessel the suction pipe carrying off the gas from the upper part
of this vessel and the delivery pipe carrying samme into the suction pipe of the
compressor.
This invention also relates to systems of pipes for circulating the condensed
volatile liquid or gas to produce cold in the surrounding air or in such liquid as
wort or other liquid which is to be cooled. The said volatile liquid or gas thereof
is passed through an inner pipe enclosed in an outer pipe in which is alcohol or
other conductive liquid the freezing point of which is at a lower temperature than
that likely to be given to it in this apparatus. The inner pipes are connected end
to end and their flanges or collars thereon are embraced and held together by or
between the flanges or collars on the outer pipes, sufficient passage for the liquid
in the outer pipe being obtained by perforations made through the flanges or collars
of the inner pipes.
•
Dated this 31st day of January 1891.

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements relating to Freezing Machines and Pipe Systems.
I, JOHANN LEONHARD SEYBOTH, Chemist, of Lindwurmstrasse, 71/0 Munich,
in the Kingdom of Bavaria, Empire of Germany, do hereby declare the nature of
this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement:
This invention relates to freezing machines and pipe systems and the improve-
ments relate principally to the separation of the oil used for lubrication from the
volatile liquid or gas used in the freezing machine whereby the oil may be more
advantageously used and with better effect as a lubricant and packing or filling to
prevent escape of gas from the machine.
To this end the machine is provided with three oil receiving vessels, all connected
to a pipe leading to the suction valve of an oil circulating pump said pipe having
stop cocks so that any one of said vessels may be used for feeding the pump to the
exclusion of the others. The pump forces oil into the cylinder of the machine and
to the stuffing box of the piston rod thereof. The oil passing ont of the cylinder
with the gas is forced therewith into a separating device consisting of a series of
concentric vertical tubes; open alternately at their upper and lower ends so that the
oil being the heavier is left therein while the gas and volatile liquid if any pass
through the pipes eventually leaving the separator above and passing into a gas
filtering vessel preferably consisting of two hollow hemispheres bolted together
with a sheet or sheets of filtering material between them. From this vessel
the filtered gas passes to the condensing chamber. The oil collecting below
in the separator in attaining a certain level flows out into an oil filtering vessel
whence the filtered oil passes to one of the oil receiving vessels first mentioned to
be drawn therefrom by the pump and so continually passed through the machine.
Another of the three oil receiving vessels is for fresh oil, and the third receives the
overflow oil from the stuffing box before mentioned. Such oil also as condenses
and collects in the pipes leading from the cylinder to the separator is also allowed
to pass to the oil filtering vessel by opening a stopcock at intervals. For horizontal
machines a small pump may be placed in the oil receiving portion of the oil filtering
vessel, the suction pipe carrying off the gas from the upper part of this vessel and
the delivery pipe carrying same into the suction pipe of the compressor.
This invention also relates to systems of pipes for circulating the condensed volatile
liquid or gas; to produce cold in the surrounding air, or in such liquid as wort or
other liquid which is to be cooled. The said volatile liquid or gas thereof is passed.
through an inner pipe enclosed in an outer pipe in which is alcohol or other 'con-
ductive liquid the freezing point of which is at a lower temperature than that likely
to be given to it in this apparatus.
The inner pipes are connected end to end and their flanges or collars thereon are
embraced and held together by or between the flanges or collars in the outer pipes,
sufficient passage for the liquid in the outer pipe being obtained by perforations
made through the flanges or collars of the inner pipes.
The accompanying drawing represents the arrangement:
(a.) FOR VERTICAL MACHINES.
Fig. 1 is a front elevation of the machine with the longitudinal section of the
compression cylinder:
Fig: 2.side elevation showing vessels which are not seen in Fig. 1.
Fig. 3 shows the longitudinal section of the system of pipes with vertical section
of a gas filtering vessel with oblique packing and to the right of this figure a similar
one with horizontal packing.
In Fig. 1 A is the compression cylinder, E the piston-rod caulked immediately
below the piston by the quantity of oil e, surrounding it cylindrically, C and V are

page_text: the suction-valves, of which C is connected by the forcing-pipe F with the oil
pump A, whilst V as seen in Fig. 2 communicates with the cylindrical vessel X
by the pipe W. The pipe H branches off from the forcing pipe F to the valve D
(Fig. 2).
The oil-filtering vessel N with a packing of asbestos, or any other material, is
bolted to the vessel M and connected by stop-valve to the forcing-pipe K of the
compression-cylinder, this pipe again is connected by stop-valve with the pipe-
system which by the union and pipe T ends in the filtering vessel N.
Z is the connecting pipe which leads from the vessels M, X, d (Fig. 2) to the
suction-valve of the oil-pump A. These three vessels can be closed by the
valves a, b, c.
The apparatus L (Fig. 3) is provided in the interior U with a system of pipes,
the pipe S of which leading to the condenser and open below, is enclosed by a second
pipe R open above and enclosed again by a third pipe Q, open below at the side,
which latter is in connection with the pressure-conduit of the compresser by means of
the space U and the entrance port G.
The gas-filtering vessel I consists of two hemispheres containing the packing q
placed either in a vertical, an inclined or a horizontal position, the two latter kinds
being shown in the drawing.
The gas-filtering vessel I may be bolted direct on the apparatus L or connected
with pipe S by a flange.
The working is as follows:
The vessel is completely filled with oil, after the air is exhausted from all parts
and vessels, the stop-valve c is opened while a and b remain closed for the present.
When the machine is started, the oil-pump A sucks in the oil contained in d,
pressing it through the pipes and H into the chamber C of the suction-valve, and
into the valve D (Fig. 2) from where upon the up and down movement of the piston
of the compressor it is forwarded into the interior of the same filling completely all
the detrimental spaces as well as the space e. Upon the compression of the
refrigerating gas sucked in by the compressor through the pipe Y the oil is pressed
with the same and at the same time by the force-valves into the pipe K and
from there through the valve into the apparatus L.
g
The oil collecting within the space U rises gradually as far as the opening t and
runs through pipe T into the filter-vessel N (Fig. 1). The compressed gas rises
through the openings within the tube Q through the openings arranged laterally
below said outer tube Q, until it flows through the pipe R which is open above, into
the pipe S open below and from there into the gas-filtering vessel I.
Along this whole route it deposits the atomized oil, which has been carried along,
the last traces of which form into drops in front of the filter and are carried away
by the tube m into the lowest pipe n which is filled by it up to overflowing. The
gas filtered off from the oil travels through the pipe I¹ to the condenser where it is
condensed in the usual manner.
The oil by the pressure existing in the apparatus L, driven towards the filter-
vessel N (Fig. 1), passes through the filter into vessel M from where, the stop-valve c
being closed and valve & being opened, it is continually driven to C and D by the
oil-pump A. The constant circuit is interrupted only at times, when a fresh supply
of oil is pumped out of d as above or when the oil collecting in the valve-chamber V,
going through the pipe W to X, is passed on by pump A, after valve is closed
and the valve a is opened.
The oil deposited gradually in K is also removed from time to time by the stop-
valve into the filter-vessel Ň by opening that valve, and is sent on from there
through M and A.

page_text: A (Fig. 4) is the compressing cylinder, e the interior of the stuffing-box with
the flange-piece r, E is the piston-rod,. N the oil-filter, which by the filter packing.7
is divided into two parts and is either bolted direct on the stuffing-box armor
connected with it laterally by a pipe, placed at a convenient height, o is the oil:
gauge, p the four branch pipe connected with the apparatus (Fig: 3.) by the
valve and the pipe T, y is the connection with the suction-pipe of the compressor A'
which connection may be closed by a stop-valve, shows a rotating pump (or any
other gas-pump may be employed) bedded in oil with the suction-pipe i, that runs
up to the highest point of the gas-space in N and the force-pipe, leading by means
of the stuffing-box to the suction-pipe Y of the compressor A to the outside.. The
gas-pump may be placed also outside the oil-filter.
The working is as follows:
The oil-filter N is filled with oil, whilst the valve is. open: The gas bubbles.
escaping while the machine is working, from the non-caulked places in e,. travel
through the stuffing-box head and the valve g into N, where they collect above,
the filter-packing y. The quantity of oil displaced by those gas-bubbles, is passed
on by the known suction-operation of the piston-rod to the cylinder A' and in
compressing the gas drawn in by the compressor it is passed into the apparatus. L
(Fig. 3) where it is separated from the gas as has been fully described.
The quantity of oil running out from tlie separator at t is by the force of com-
pression existing in L either sent direct through the pipe T and valve to. N, or it.
is collected in any suitable intermediate vessel, which requires no further
description:.
In case a refrigerating medium be chosen, which excludes a higher pressure than
that of the outer atmosphere within, the suction-pipe y of the compressor,, it will be
sufficient to put pipe in connection with the suction-pipe y. Whem however a
fluid is employed, as for instance ammonia, which has a greater pressure under
suction then the rotating pump (or any other air-pump located in oil at the lower
part of the oil-filter or placed outside of the latter) will serve to re-conduct the gas
escaped from the stuffing-box. or from the oil, through the pipe k into the suction-
pipe of the compressor.
The quantity of oil brought back from time to time through the pipe T and
valve passes again, freed of gas, through the filter packing 7 into the lower part
of the oil-filter N and may be used again without any interruption, being perfectly
pure.
The gas liquified as usual in the condenser is forwarded when air is to be cooled
by micans of the regulator-valve and of the thinner pipe 1 into the interior pipe 2.
(Fig. 6). This pipe 2 may be of any length and is enclosed air-tight in another
pipe 3. In the pipe 2 which is connected with its end with the suction conduit of
the compressor the evaporation of the liquified gas takes place. The pipe 2 has on
both ends a muffle 4 being either screwed or soldered on, which gears into the
flange 5 of the exterior pipe 3 and is separately caulked but tightened at the same
time, with the outer flange.
Into the muffles 4 are bored several holes, parallel to the axis of the pipe (Fig. 6).
Should any gas escape from the inner pipe these holes form a communication
between the inner pipe 2 and the outer one 3 (Fig. 6A), so that the escaping gas
passes into pipe 3 instead of into the atmosphere whenever the inner pipe should
not be sufficiently caulked. 8 and 9 are stuffing rings, 7 the openings for said
communication.
The exterior pipe 3 is filled with alcohol or any other liquid which does not freeze
ensily. The small pipe 6. connects the pipes 3. by a membrane or by a valve with
an electric alarum or an optical signal arrangement to indicate pressure.in.any of the
pipes 3 due to escape from the inner pipe 2.
The pipes 2 and 3 can also be rendered tight separately. In the same way, as
in Fig. 7, in place of a straight inside pipe, a serpentine 10 may be enclosed between
two metal-mauties. 11, the intermediate space of which being also.filled with a liquid
which is hard to freeze. This liquid may either beiat rest or be set in motion: and

page_text: conducts the caloric between the inner pipe 2 and the outer one 3. It may also be
employed for the cooling of fresh water, wort, ferment &c. in the manner known,
while apparatus, Fig. 7, may be used as an atmosphere cooler and its interior
can serve for the making of ice as well.
The inner mantle 11 may be omitted or replaced by a cylindrical or other core or
blocking piece. This apparatus (Fig. 7) may also be used for condensing the gases
formed from the evaporated liquid under higher pressure, cold water being caused
to circulate in it.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, 1 declare that what I
claim is
In freezing machinery and pipe systems
1. For the purpose of filtering and separating the oil used for lubricating and
packing the insertion of the oil separating apparatus L, of the gas-filtering vessel I
and of the oil-filtering vessel N within the circuit of the machine.
2. The oil separator L in which the pipe S leading to the condenser, and open
below, is enclosed by a second pipe R open above, and the latter by a third pipe Q,
the aperture of which lies at the side below and which is connected with the
conduit of pressure of the compressor by means of the space U and the entrance
port G.
q
3. The gas-filtering vessel I serving for the purpose of separation and consisting
of two hemispheres between which the filter-packing is held either in a vertical,
inclined or horizontal position, the said gas-filtering vessel being bolted direct to
the apparatus L or connected with the pipe S by flanges whilst the pipe l' or
equivalent part leads to the condenser.
4. The arrangement for vertical machines consisting in the connection of
apparatus L with the filter-vessel N by the pipe T the connection of filter-vessel N
with the pipe K as well as with the vessel M by means of the valve, which
vessel M is in connection with the vessel X by means of the pipe Z and the shutting
valves abc, said pipe Z being connected with the pump A, the pipe W of said
vessel X ending in the valve chamber V of the compression cylinder.
5. The following arrangement for horizontal machines consisting in the con-
nection of tire apparatus L by the pipe T with the filter-vessel N screwed to the
stuffing-box e the valve and the cross-head p with the arrangement of the air
pump 7 in the lower part of the filter-vessel N with the suction-tube i extending
through the packing and ending in the upper part of said vessel and the connection
with the pipe with the suction pipe of the compressor.
6. The insertion of the evaporating pipe within another pipe or between two
metal-mantles, the filling up of the intermediate space with alcohol or any other
liquid difficult to freeze which may be at rest or in motion and may serve for the
cooling of other liquids at the same time substantially as set forth.
Dated this
1 1901
HERBERT & Co.,
18, Buckingham Street, Strand, London, W.C., Agents for the Applicant.