IMPROVE- MENTS IN WROUGHT-IRON CASEMENTS, AND IN THE MEANS FOR FASTENING THE SAME, WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE ALSO PARTLY APPLICABLE TO THE FRAME- WORK OF GLASS DOORS, CONSERVATORIES, AND SIMILAR STRUCTURES
Year: 1863

page_text: ETTERS PATENT to John Henry Johnson, of 47, Lincoln's Inn Fields,
in the County of Middlesex, and of 166, Buchanan Street, in the City
of Glasgow, North Britain, Gentleman, for the Invention of "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN WROUGHT-IRON CASEMENTS, AND IN THE MEANS FOR FASTENING THE
SAME, WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE ALSO PARTLY APPLICABLE TO THE FRAME-
WORK OF GLASS DOORS, CONSERVATORIES, AND SIMILAR STRUCTURES."-A com-
munication from abroad by Louis Pierre Vincent, Etienne Eugene
Jacquemin, Jean Charles Douriez, and Gustav Joseph Legros, of Paris,
in the Empire of France.
ealed the 28th July 1863, and dated the 14th February 1863.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Henry Johnson,
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
14th February 1863.
I, JOHN HENRY JOHNSON, of 47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the County of
Middlesex, and of 166, Buchanan Street, in the City of Glasgow, North
Britain, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN WROUGHT-IRON CASEMENTS, AND IN THE MEANS FOR FASTENING
THE SAME, WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE ALSO PARTLY APPLICABLE TO THE FRAMEWORK
OF GLASS DOORS, CONSERVATORIES, AND SIMILAR STRUCTURES," a communication
from abroad by Louis Pierre Vincent, Etienne Eugene Jacquemin, Jean Charles
Douriez, and Gustav Joseph Legros, of Paris, in the Empire of France, to be
as follows:-
This Invention relates to a peculiar construction and arrangement of

page_text: wrought-iron casements and to the means for fastening the same, which
improvements are partly applicable also to the framings of glass doors, con-
servatories, and similar structures. As applied to a French casement the two
side frames are rolled of an angled form, and have strips of wood secured to
them, which fill in the aperture in the masonry to which they are to be
applied. The bottom of the frame consists of a bar curving outwards, so as
to carry off the rain, and is secured. at each end to, the side frames by rivets.
A similar mode of attachment being employed in securing the ends of the top
part of the frame, which is in the form of a flat bar, having a raised rib or web
rolled thereon near its lower edge on the inner side. Each sash is hinged to the
frame by having tubular sockets screwed thereto, which drop on to hinge pins
in the frame. A hinged piece above, capable of being turned up when
required, serving to lock the sockets down upon the pins, or to release them
when the sash is to be lifted off its hinges. The bottom bar of the sash is
connected with the vertical bars by a mortice-and-tennon joint, and a some-
what similar plan is adapted in the upper bar, which plan is also used for the
intermediate bars. The bottom bar curves outwards, so as to throw off the
rain, and a flat-grooved bar is rivetted to it, which closes against and inter-
locks with a groove in the bottom bar of the window frame; a strip of india-
rubber being interposed to keep the sash weathertight. The outer edges of
the vertical sash bars are rebated, so as to close over two faces of. the side
bars of the frame, and the two adjoining vertical sash bars are bevelled in
order to fit accurately together when the casement is closed. A longitudinal
groove or channel is made in one of these bars, into which a strip of india-
rubber is inserted for the purpose herein-before described; a corresponding
rib and groove on the opposite bar locking into and bearing upon the india-
rubber in the groove of the bar last referred to. The window frame is kept
closed by an
"espagnolette," or French casement fastening, the rod of which
is fitted to the sash frame by means of two hinges let into the frame. It is
provided at the top and bottom with a.hook, which hooks, when closed engage
into corresponding notches in pieces attached to the opposite, sash. Through
the centre of the rod is passed the spindle or axis of the handle, on the end
of which is fitted a latch, which when the handle is in a vertical position
presses upon the vertical bar of the opposite sash, and thereby causes the two
sashes to bear throughout their entire length against the sash frames. When
the window is to be maintained partly open, and in order that the sashes may
not be shaken by the wind, a portion of the handle of the "espagnolette" is
engaged into a hook hinged to the opposite sash bar, which hook is turned
outwards to receive it, but on closing the window the hook or catch is turned

page_text: inwards into a recess in the sash, and is concealed from view when the sash
is closed.
It is obvious that the construction of hinged window sashes, and the mode
of fastening the same herein-before described, is applicable to the framework
of glass doors, whilst the sash frames of conservatories may be also constructed
and put together in the manner described in reference to the sash frames for
windows.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said John Henry Johnson in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 14th August 1863.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOHN
HENRY JOHNSON, of 47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the County of Middlesex,
and of 166, Buchanan Street, in the City of Glasgow, North Britain,
Gentleman, send greeting...
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen. Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Fourteenth day of February, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-three, in the twenty-sixth year
of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant
unto me, the said John Henry Johnson, Her special license, that I, the
said John Henry Johnson, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or
such others as I, the said John Henry Johnson, my executors, admini-
strators, or assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from
time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed,.
should, and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United
Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of
Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN WROUGHT-IRON CASEMENTS, AND₁
IN THE MEANS FOR FASTENING THE SAME, WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE ALSO PARTLY:
APPLICABLE TO THE FRAMEWORK OF GLASS DOORS, CONSERVATORIES, AND SIMILAR:
STRUCTURES," a communication to me from abroad by Louis Pierre Vincent,
Etienne Eugene Jacquemin, Jean Charles Douriez, and Gustav Joseph Legros,.
of Paris, in the Empire of France, upon the condition (amongst others),
that I, the said John Henry Johnson, my executors or administrators,
by an instrument in writing under my hand and seal, or under the hand.
and seal of one them, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature
of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed,.
and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within

page_text: six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said John Henry Johnson, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the fol-
lowing statement, reference being had to the accompanying Drawings &
to the letters and figures marked thereon, that is to say: -
The said Invention relates to a peculiar construction and arrangement of
wrought-iron casements, and to the means for fastening the same, which
improvements are partly applicable also to the framings of glass doors, con-
servatories, and similar structures. As applied to a French casement the two
side frames are rolled of an angled form, and have strips of wood secured to
them, which fill in the aperture in the masonry to which they are to be
applied. The bottom of the sash frame consists of a bar curving outwards, so
as to carry off the rain, and is secured at each end to the side frames by rivets
or similar mode of attachment being employed in securing the ends of the top
part of the frame, which is in the form of a flat bar, having a raised rib or
web rolled thereon near its lower edge on the inner side. Each sash is hinged
to the frame by having tubular sockets screwed thereto, which drop on to
hinge pins in the frame; a hinged piece above, capable of being turned up
when required, serving to lock the sockets down upon the pins, or to release
them when the sash is to be lifted off its hinges. The bottom bar of the sash
is connected with the vertical bars by a mortise-and-tennan joint, and a some-
what similar plan is adopted in the upper bar, which plan is also used for the
intermediate bars. The bottom bar curves outwards, so as to throw off the
rain, and a flat-grooved bar is rivetted to it, which closes against and inter-
locks with a groove in the bottom bar of the window frame, a strip of india-
rubber being interposed to keep the sash weather-tight. The outer edges of
the vertical sash bars are rebated so as to close over two faces of the side
bars of the frame, and the two adjoining vertical sash bars are bevelled in
order to fit accurately together when the casement is closed. A longitudinal
groove or channel is made in one of these bars, into which a strip of india-
rubber is inserted for the purpose herein-before described, a corresponding rib
and groove on the opposite bar locking into and bearing upon the india-rubber
in the groove of the bar last referred to. The window frame is kept closed
by an "espagnalette" or French casement fastening, the rod of which is fitted
to the sash frame by means of two hinges let into the frame. It is provided
at the top and bottom with a hook, which hooks when closed engage into cor-
responding notches in picces attached to the opposite sash. Thro' the centre

page_text: of the rod is passed the spindle or axis of the handle, on the end of which is
fitted a latch, which when the handle is in a vertical position presses upon the
vertical bar of the opposite sash, and thereby causes the two sashes to bear
throughout their entire length against the sash frames. When the window is
to be maintained partly open, and in order that the sashes may not be shaken by
the wind, a portion of the handle of the "espagnolette" is engaged into a book
hinged to the opposite sash bar, which hook is turned outwards to receive it,
but on closing the window the hook or catch is turned inwards into a recess
in the sash, and is concealed from view when the sash is closed.
It is obvious that the construction of hinged window sashes, and the mode
of fastening the same, herein-before described, is applicable to the framework
of glass doors, whilst the sashes of conservatories may be also constructed and
put together in the manner described in reference to the folding sashes for
windows.
And in order that my said Invention may be fully understood, I shall now
proceed more particularly to describe the same, and for that purpose I'shall
refer to the several Figures on the Sheet of Drawings hereunto annexed, the
same letters of reference indicating corresponding parts throughout all the
corresponding Figures.
'
Figure 1 of the Drawings represents an internal elevation of the improved
wrought-iron sash and sash frame. The sash frame consists of two side bars
L, L, and cross bars A and K of the sections respectively shewn in full size
at I, A, and K in Figure 13. The mode of connecting one of the bars L
with the lower cross bar A is shewn at Figure 8, and with the upper cross
bar at Figure 9. Suitable projections are formed on the bars of the sash
frame to facilitate the fixing and securing of the same to the brickwork; and
as the rebate in the window opening is larger than the exterior of the frame
the spaces are fitted with wooden strips or bars T, as shewn in Figures 2 and 3,
which bars are screwed to the sash frame. By this arrangement allowance
can be readily made for any settlement that may take place in the masonry
or brickwork, and the windows always made to fill up the aperture, thereby
leaving no openings or crevices for the entrance of dust and rain, as is some-
times the case under the ordinary system of fixing wooden sash frames. The
left-hand sash in Figure 1 is formed of two upright bars E and G, the upper
cross bar D, two intermediate cross bars M (both of the same section), and of
the lower cross bar, which consists of two bars B and C combined. The
respective cross sections of all these bars E, G, D, M, B, and C are shewn by the
views with corresponding letters in Figure 13. The mode of joining the two
bars B and C forming the lower cross bar of the sash is represented in

page_text: vertical cross section at Figure 11, the bar, B being curved to throw off the
rain. Figure 12 represents in elevation the junction of the upright bar E
with the lower cross bar B, C. Figure 10 shews the junction of the upright
bar E with the upper cross bar D, and the junction of this latter also with
the upright G. The junction of the two intermediate cross bars M with the
uprights E and G is effected in the same manner as that illustrated by
Figure 10. The sash is hung to the upright L of the sash frame by two
hinges screwed to the upright G of the sash, which is sunk to receive the
thickness of the plate N (Figure 7.) The pivot P is fixed in the stem Q
of the sash frame L. Above the hinge there is a loose piece V jointed to
the sash frame, so that when this piece V is in a horizontal position or open,
(as shewn in Figure 7), the sash is free to be lifted off or placed upon its
hinges. The sash having been adjusted or removed the piece V is closed
down again. Each hinge is constructed in the manner above described. The
right-hand sash differs only from the other in the section of the upright F,
which is indicated by the corresponding letter in Figure 13. The horizontal
section, Figure 3 (taken along the line, 3, 4, in Figure 1), shews clearly, the
junction between the centre or closing uprights E, F, of the two sashes, or
strips of india-rubber being fitted between them, so that when closed the
junction is perfectly air-tight. The vertical section, Figure 2, taken along
the line 1, 2, in Figure 1, shows a similar application of india-rubber packing
interposed between the cross bar C of the sash and the bottom bar A of the
sash frame. The casement is kept closed by a "spagnolette" S (Figure 5),
acted upon by a handle U (Figure 4). The rod of the "spagnolette" is
fitted to the right-hand sash by means of the hinges X let into the upright F
as shewn in Figures 3 and 5. This rod carries at the top and bottom a
hook Z, which when the casement is closed engage into two notches formed in
plates secured to the sash frame. The rod of the spagnolette is traversed at
the longitudinal centre by the axis of the handle, at the end of which is
secured a latch or catch J (Figures 4 and 5), which when the handle is placed
in a vertical position presses, upon the bar F of the sash, and thus holds the
two bars throughout their length against the sasb frame. When it is desired to
maintain the casement partly open, and in order to prevent the sashes from
being agitated by the wind, the part W of the handle is placed in a catch or
holder Y, shewn full size in Figure 6. When the window is to be closed
this catch or holder is turned out of the way, being hinged to the sash bar E
for that purpose and sunk into a recess made therein, so as to be concealed
from view when not required for use.
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of my said

page_text: Invention, and the manner in which the same is or may be used or carried
into effect, I would observe in conclusion that what I consider to be novel and
original, and therefore claim as the Invention secured to me by the herein-
before in part recited Letters Patent is,―
1st, the general construction and arrangement of wrought-iron casements
and frames for glass doors, conservatories, and similar structures, and the
means for fastening or securing the same, as herein-before described.
2nd, the peculiar forms or sections of wrought-iron bars, and the mode of
combining the same to form casements and similar structures, as herein-before
described.
3rd, the application of a packing of india-rubber or other similar material
between the closing surfaces of casements, glass doors, and similar structures,
in the manner herein-before described.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Henry Johnson, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Fourteenth day of August, One thousand
eight hundred and sixty-three.
J. HENRY JOHNSON. (L.B.)