AN IMPROVED SYSTEM FOR THE TREATMENT OF SEWAGE, PARTS OF WHICH ARE APPLICABLE TO THE FILTRATION OF WATER FOR THE USE OF TOWNS, AND OTHER LIQUIDS ON AN EXTENSIVE SCALE, AND APPARATUS THEREFOR
Year: 1871

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James Banks, of Liverpool, in the County of
Lancaster, Iron Fence Manufacturer, and William Walker, of the
same Place, Consulting Engineer, for the Invention of "AN IMPROVED
SYSTEM FOR THE TREATMENT OF SEWAGE, PARTS OF WHICH ARE APPLICABLE
TO THE FILTRATION OF WATER FOR THE USE OF TOWNS, AND OTHER LIQUIDS
ON AN EXTENSIVE SCALE, AND APPARATUS THEREFOR."
Sealed the 19th March 1872, and dated the 22nd September 1871.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James Banks and
·
· William Walker at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 22nd September 1871.
'We, JAMES BANKS, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, Iron
Fence Manufacturer, and WILLIAM WALKER, of the same Place, Con-
sulting Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
AN IMPROVED SYSTEM FOR THE TREATMENT OF SEWAGE, PARTS OF WHICH ARE
APPLICABLE TO THE FILTRATION OF WATER FOR THE USE OF TOWNS, AND OTHER

page_text: LIQUIDS ON AN EXTENSIVE DUALE, AND
(that is to say) :-
The objects of this Invention are certain improvements for the treat-
ment of sewage in a systematic manner, whereby the aqueos and more
solid portions are seperated from each other by a novel arrangement of
self-acting filtering vessels floating in a series of tanks or reservoirs into
which the sewage is conducted, and an arrangement whereby the more
solid matter remaining in the tanks or reservoirs is withdrawn, and in
treating the same mechanically with chemicals and other materials.
The system of floating filters may be applied with great advantage to
the filtration of river water for general purposes, as well as to the
filtration of other liquids, on a large scale.
In carrying out this Invention the sewage discharges into the first of
a series of tanks or reservoirs which may be denominated the settling
tank, where sand, gravel, and other heavy matter will lodge; the upper
and more fluid portion of the sewage is then withdrawn into the second
of the series of tanks, in which flóats one, two, or more rectangular or
other suitable shaped vessels (by preference of iron), having double,
bottoms fitted with suitable valves, and of a sufficient capacity to prevent
the vessel sinking below the upper edges of the sides thereof when
simply filled with air. The sides of the vessel are provided with valve
or other suitable openings for the admission of the watery matter into a
cavity within the sides of the floating vessel, formed by a double vertical
partition running round the interior of the vessel, which is packed with
say one foot of charcoal or other approved filtering material or materials,
the vertical sides of the double partition being perforated with a number
of small holes to allow the effluent water to perculate through the char-
coal or other filtering media and to escape into the interior of the vessel.
three
T
We may here remark that we prefer to arrange ΟΙ more floating
filters in each tank, as by-so doing we get a larger amount of filtering
surface within the given space, in which case we propose to syphon two
or more of the set of floating filters of that tank into any one of-the-set,
and then syphon, pump, or otherwise convey the water therefrom into
the next tank, which is to be provided with our improved floating filter
or filters, by which it again passes through a similar filtration, which
proportionately increases the purity of the effluent-water, and so on
"
2

page_text: throughout the series which may be carried out to any extent that may
be found desirable.
For the purpose of operating the syphons more conveniently we
propose that each floating filtering vessel from the first or settling tank
should be a little lower than the preceding one. These tanks may be
arranged in a continuous line parrallel to each other, or in
any other
convenient position to suit the ground on which they are constructed ;;
but in all cases we form a culvert from the bottom of each tank or
reservoir diverging into one common centre at the bottom of a well,
each culvert being provided with a clough, hydrant, or other valve,
which are capable of being opened or closed from these surfaces. The
contents of the well we elevate by means of a pump or pumps or bucket
elevators on continuous bands, or in any other convenient known
manner, the whole being enclosed and discharged into a pipe fitted as
hereafter explained.
:
For the convenience of syphoning we form a small well in the double
bottoms of the floating filters to enable the effluent water to be more
perfectly and conveniently drawn off, and previous to discharging the
same into the next tank we prefer to pass it through a perforated spout
or pipe, that it may fall into the next tank in drops, small jets, or broken
streams, for the purpose of aerating the water, and which may also be
previously done, by fitting the inner partitions between which the
filtering materials are confined with a number of shelves, projectors, or
points, so as to cause the water as it perculates through the filtering bed
to fall into the centre of the filter in drops, thin or broken streams. The
lower portion of the inner skin or partition between which the charcoal;
or other filtering media are supported should be made removeable, so:
that on the valves or openings in the outer skin of the vessel being
closed and the water therein being withdrawn, this portion of the
partition may be removed and the lower portion of the filtering bed
extracted and removed, new material having simply to be thrown in at
the top to make up for that which has been withdrawn, and the filtering,
material may be used ad seriatim, commencing from the lowest point to
the second tank.
The pipe into which the deposit from the bottom of the reservoirs is
is discharged is fitted through its length, or partially through, with an
archimedian screw for propelling the heavy material therethrough and

page_text: incorporating the same with other material or materials, which are
supplied through suitable hoppers on the length of the tube. In some
cases we prefer to use sections of a screw or their mechanical equivalent,
that a mixing as well as a propelling power may operate on the matter
passing through the tube.
.
As from experiments we have made in mixing the sediment from the
sewage matter we have found difficulty in incorporating other and
particularly light matter therewith, we propose to use certain mechanical
arrangements for accomplishing this end in a more convenient manner,
amongst which is using the screw or propellor described in the delivery
pipe, and connecting to the said delivery pipe hoppers with beaters,
thrust screws, and other mechanical arrangements for preparing and
forcing into combination with the heavy sewage matter other substances,
such as sawdust manure, namely, sawdust which has been used for the
bedding of animals in stables, piggeries, and so forth, with the excrement
mixed therewith, sawdust alone, brewers' grains, chopped straw, dried
peat moss, pulverized calcined clay, the spent bark from tanneries,
gypsum (or sulphate of lime), but more particularly with charcoal, be
the same either animal or vegetable or combination, superphosphates of
lime, amoniacle water from gas works, producing a superior fertilizer
which can be used in a more convenient form.
The first hopper delivering into the discharge pipe may be constructed
in the throat with an horizontal revolving shaft carrying lateral blades,
for forcing down the material from the hopper into the delivery pipe;
the hopper itself may be provided with a vertical rotating spindle having
a number of horizontal arms for the purpose of breaking up and mixing
any one, two, or more suitable materials that may be thrown therein
previous to its being forced into the delivery pipe; above the hopper we
propose to place a second hopper for the receipt of charcoal, which being in
most instances in lumps or pieces of an unsuitable size, the neck of the
said hopper is fitted with a pair of transverse crushing rollers, the surface
of which are covered with a number of square teeth having pyramidal
points and partially intersecting each other, so as to crush the lumps of
material passing through them.
Above a second supplemental hopper which delivers in the first
described hopper we mount a cylinder which is constructed with a
number of branch arms, which may extend from side to side of the said

page_text: cylinder and form stays; therefore by forming a loop or eye in the
centre of their length for the passing through of a shaft, which carry a.
number of radial arms and is driven in opposite directions, the several:
arms being arranged to operate further or nearer distance from one
5 another as may be found most convenient; this cylinder we prefer to
mount obliquely and in some cases to form the blades so as to assist the
motion of the matter passing through the cylinder.
This cylinder will be found useful for the disintegrating animal
excrement, such as horse dung, spent bark, and other materials,..
which on falling into the lower hopper is or may be amalgamated -
with charcoal or other material delivered from the opposite hopper.
"
On the length of the delivery pipe we propose to fit several hoppers,
having fitted in the throat thereof thrust screws for forcing into the
delivery pipe gypsum, charcoal, or other suitable admixture which may
be deemed desirable to use.
The mass is received from the delivery pipe into a hopper, in which is
fitted a vertical revolving spindle carrying radial arms, and the throat of
which is fitted with a pair of horizontal rolls through which the
material passes, and below which said rolls are a pair of parrallel shafts.
carrying beater blades or arms so arranged as to intersect each other and
to strike the material as delivered from the rolls in an upward direction
from whence it falls into a truck or other convenient receptacle for
conveyance, storage, or use.
The syphons or pumps used for withdrawing the water from the
interior of the filters, and discharging the same into the next or any
other of the series of tanks are so arranged that any one of the set of
tanks or reservoirs may at any time be emptied without interfering with
the continuous action of the system.
In some cases where the delivery sewers have a favourable incline a
water wheel or turbine may be used to drive the moving parts of the
machinery.
It is proposed to ventilate the works and withdraw the noxious gasses
therefrom by means of a system of pipes or passages the outer ends of:
which are conducted below and through a furnace'; bonnets with the
requisite pipes may be fitted over the hopper or in any other position
from whence the noxious gasses emanate which may lead into one general
flue or be conveyed direct to the furnace.

page_text: From the foregoing it is evident that the effluent water may be drawn
from the last filters in a state of sufficient purity to be turned into a
stream, or it may be used for the purposes of irrigation.
With regard to the use of the floating filters they may be used with
advantage in a stream or lake for the filtration of water for general
purposes. As they would at all times have an equal action, whether the
stream or lake in which they are moored was in a state of flood or
otherwise, the water being delivered upon the land by pumps or their
equivalent, and which may be operated when in a stream by a water
wheel or wheels on the exterior of the floating filter, or a water wheel
may be placed in two tanks abreast of each other.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said James Banks and William Walker in the Great
Seal Patent Office on the 22nd March 1872.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, JAMES
BANKS, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, Iron Fence Manu-
facturer, and WILLIAM WALKER, of the same Place, Consulting Engineer,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-second of September, in the
'year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-one, and
numbered Two thousand four hundred and ninety-five, in the thirty-
fifth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give
and grant unto us, the said James Banks and William Walker, Her
special licence that we, the said James Banks and William Walker,
our executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others, as we, the
said James Banks and William Walker, our executors, administrators,
and assigns; should at any time agree with, and no others from time
to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed,
should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and
Isle of Man, an Invention for "AN IMPROVED SYSTEM FOR THE TREATMENT OF
SEWAGE, PARTS OF WHICH ARE APPLICABLE TO THE FILTRATION OF WATER FOR THE
USE OF TOWNS, AND OTHER LIQUIDS, ON AN EXTENSIVE SCALE, AND APPARATUS

page_text: Banks & Walker's Improved System of Treating Sewage, &c.
THEREFOR," upon the condition (amongst others) that we, the said.
James Banks and William Walker, our executors/or administrators, by
an instrument in writing under our, or their, or one of their hands and
seals, should párticularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and
cause the same to be filed in the Great Scal Patent Office within
six calendar montlis "next and immediately after the date of the said
Letters Patent.
t
301
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said James Banks and William
Walker, do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention, and in
what manner the same is to be performed; to be particularly described
and ascertained in and by the following statement (that is to say):-. :
:
j!
The object of this our said Invention are certain improvements for
the treatment of sewage in a systematic manner, whereby the aqueous
and more solid portions are seperated from each other by a novel
arrangement of self-acting filtering vessels, floating in a series of tanks.
or reservoirs into which the sewage is conducted, and an arrangement
whereby the more solid matter remaining in the tanks or reservoirs is.
withdrawn, and in treating the same mechanically with chemicals and.
other materials.
The system of floating filters may be applied' with great advantage
to the filtration of river water for general purposes; as well as to the
filtration of other liquids on a large scale.
:
In carrying out this our said Invention the sewage discharges into
the first of a series of tanks or reservoirs, which first tank or reservoir
may be denominated the settling tank, where sand, gravel, and other
heavy matter will lodge; the upper and more fluid portion of the
sewage is, then withdrawn into the second of the series of tanks, in
which floats one, two, or more rectangular or other suitable shaped
vessels (by preference of iron), having double bottoms fitted with
suitable valves and of sufficient capacity to prevent the vessel sinking
below the upper edges of the sides thereof, when simply filled with air.
The sides of the vessels are provided with valve or other suitable
openings for the admission of the watery matter into a cavity within
the sides of the floating vessel, formed by a double vertical partition
running round the interior of the vessel, which is packed with say one
foot of charcoal or other approved filtering material or materials, the

page_text: vertical sides of the double partition being perforated with a number of
small holes, to allow the effluent water to perculate through the
charcoal or other filtering media, and to escape into the interior of the
vessel. In some cases we dispense with the outer vertical casing.
We may here remark that we prefer to arrange three or more floating
filters in each tank, as by so doing we get a larger amount of filtering
surface within a given space; in which case we propose to syphon two
or more of the sets of floating filters of that tank into any one of the
set, and then syphon, pump, or otherwise convey the water therefrom into
the next tank which is to be provided with our improved floating filter
or filters, by which it again passes through a similar filtration which
proportionately increases the purity of the effluent water, and so on
throughout the series, which may be carried out to any extent that may
be found desireable.
We have found from actual experiment that sewage of an average
standard treated on this system, after passing through the first or
settling tank into the second tank, on being there filtered and then
passed into the third tank or reservoirs where the second filtration takes
place, the effluent water will then have parted with the major part of
its impurities, but we propose to carry the process of purification much
further, say not less than five to seven or even more filtrations. And if
found desireable the sewage may be treated in any one or any numbers
of the tanks chemically or otherwise, so as to assist the precipitation of
solid matter contained in suspension.
:
.
For the purpose of operating the syphons more conveniently we
propose that each floating filtering vessel from the first or settling tank
should be a little lower than the preceeding one; these tanks may be
arranged in a continuous line parrallel to each other, or in any other.
convenient position to suit the ground on which they are constructed,
but in all cases we form a culvert from the bottom of each tank or
reservoir, diverging into one common centre at the bottom of a well,
each culvert being provided with a clough, hydrant, or other valve,
which is capable of being opened or closed from the surface; the
contents of the well we elevate by means of a pump or pumps, or
bucket clevators on continuous bands, or in any other convenient known
• manner, the whole being enclosed and discharged into a pipe fitted as
hereafter explained.

page_text: For the convenience of syphoning we form a small well in the double
bottoms of the floating filters, to enable the effluent water to be the
more conveniently and perfectly drawn off, and previous to discharging
the same into the next tank we prefer to pass it through a perforated
spout or pipe that it may fall into the next tank in drops, small jets,
or broken streams, for the purpose of aerating the water; or this
desideratum may be accomplished by allowing the water to pass over a
wire well or perforated plate, the under side of which is exposed to
the action of the atmosphere or an artificial current of air or other-
gaseous fluid.
The aeration may also be carried further by fitting the inner partitions
between which the filtering materials are confined with a number of
shelves, projections, or points, so as to cause the water as it perculates
through the filtering bed to fall into the centre of the filter in drops,.
thin or broken streams; the lower portion of the inner skin or partition
between which the charcoal or other filtering media are supported should
be made removeable, so that on the valves or openings in the outer skin
of the vessel being closed and the water therein being withdrawn, this
portion of the partition may be removed, and the lower portion of the
filtering bed extracted and renewed, new material having simply to be
thrown in at the top to make up for that which has been withdrawn,
and the filtering material may be used ad seriatim, commencing from the
lowest point to the second tank.
The pipe into which the deposit from the bottom of the reservoirs is
discharged is fitted through its length or partially through with an
archimedian screw for propelling the heavy material therethrough,
and incorporating the same with other material or materials, which are
supplied through suitable hoppers on the length of the tube. In some
cases we prefer to use sections of a screw or their mechanical equivalent,
that a mixing as well as a propelling power may operate on the matter
passing through the tube.
F
As from experiments we have made in mixing the sediment from the
sewage matter we have found difficulty in incorporating other and par-
ticularly lighter matter therewith, we therefore propose to use certain.
› mechanical arrangements for accomplishing this end in a more con-
venient manner, amongst which is using the screw or propellor described:
in the delivery pipe, and connecting to the said delivery pipe hoppers:
with beaters, thrust screws, and other mechanical arrangements for >

page_text: preparing and forcing into combination with the heavy sewage matter
other substances, such as sawdust manure, namely, sawdust which has
been used for the bedding of animals in stables, piggeries, and so forth;
with the excrement mixed therewith. Sawdust alone, brewers' grains,
chopped straw, dried peat, moss, pulverised calcined clay, the spent bark
from tanneries, gypsum (or sulphate of lime), but more particularly-with
charcoal, be the same either animal or vegetable, or combination, super-
phosphates of lime, amonical water from gas works, producing a superior
fertilizer which can be used in a convenient form.
The first hopper delivering into the discharge pipe may be constructed
in the throat with an horizontal revolving shaft carrying latteral blades
for forcing down the material from the hopper into the delivery pipe;
the hopper itself may be provided with vertical rotating spindles having
a number of horizontal arms for the purpose of breaking up and mixing
any one, two, or more materials that may be thrown therein previous to
its being forced into the delivery pipe above the hopper.
"
We further propose to place a second hopper for the receipt of
charcoal, which, being in most instances in lumps or pieces of an
unsuitable size, the neck of the said hopper is fitted with a pair of
transverse crushing rollers, the surfaces of which are covered, with a
number of square pyramidal points, and partially intersecting each
other so as to crush the lumps of material passing between them.
ין.
'
:
Above a second supplemental hopper which delivers into the first-
described hopper we mount a cylinder, which is constructed with a
number of branch arms which may extend from side to side of the said
cylinder and form stays therefor, by forming a loop or eye in the centre
of their length for the passing through of a shaft which carries a number
of radial arms and is driven in an opposite, direction to that of the
cylinder, that is to say, the cylinder carrying its transverse arms on the
shaft running through its centre carrying the radial arms, are driven in
opposite directions, the several arms being arranged to operate further-
or nearer apart from one another as may be found most convenient.
This cylinder we prefer to mount, obliquely, and in some cases to form
the blades so as to assist the motion of the matter passing through the
cylinder. This cylinder will be found useful for the disintegrating
animal excrement, such as horse dung, spent bark, and other materials;.
which on falling into the lower hopper are or may be amalgamated with
charcoal or other material delivered from the opposite hopper.

page_text: On the length of the delivery pipes we propose to fit several hoppers,
having fitted in the throat thereof thrust screws or their mechanical
equivalents for forcing into the delivery pipe gypsum, charcoal, or any
other suitable admixture which may be deemed desirable to use. The
mass is received from the delivery pipe into a hopper in which is fitted
a vertical revolving spindle carrying radial arms, and the throat of which
is fitted with a pair of horizontal rolls, through which the material
passes, and below which said rolls are a pair of parrallel shafts carrying
beater blades or arms, so arranged as to intersect each other and to
strike the material as delivered from. the rolls in an upward direction,
from whence it falls into a truck or other convenient receptacle for.
conveyance, storage, or use.
.
The syphons or pumps used for withdrawing the water from the.
interior of the filters and discharging the same into, the next or any:
other of the series of tanks, are so arranged that any one of the series of:
tanks or reservoirs may at any time be emptied without interefering with
the continuous action of the system.
In some cases where the delivery sewers have a favourable incline a
water wheel or turbine may be used to drive the moving parts of the
machinery.
It is proposed to ventilate the works and withdraw the noxious gasses
therefrom by means of a system of pipes or passages, the outer ends of
which are conducted below and through a furnace; bonnets with the
requisite pipes may be fitted over the hoppers or in any other position
from whence the noxious gasses emanate, which may lead into one,
general flue or be conveyed direct to the furnace.
From the foregoing it is evident that the effluent water may be drawn
from the last filters in a state of sufficient purity to be turned into a
stream, or it may be used for the purposes of irrigation; or other.
purposes.
With regard to the use of the filters, they may be used with advantage
in a stream or lake for the filtration of water for general purposes, as
they would at all times have an equal action whether the stream or lake;
in which they are moored was in a state of flood or otherwise, the water..>
being delivered upon the land by pumps or their equivalent, and which
may be operated when in a stream by a wheel or wheels connected:
on the exterior of the floating filters, or a water wheel may be placed:

page_text: between two tanks abreast of each other. The said water may be
delivered into tanks containing floating filters arranged as herein-before
described for the purpose of further purification, previous to being dis--
tributed for domestic and general purposes..
That this our said Invention may be the more readily seen and under-
stood, we have hereunto annexed Drawings in partial illustration of one
modification of our system for the treatment of town sewage, like letters
and figures marked thereon being used to denote similar parts..
Figure 1 (Sheet 1) is a plan showing six tanks or reservoirs, the first
of the series which we denominate the settling tank, and the others the
filter tanks, which are each shown as containing three floating filters,
and Figure 2 (Sheet 1) is a sectional elevation of the same taken through
a line from a to b. A, inlet culvert.. B, the first or settling tank, which.
may be of, say, thirty feet long by twenty wide, and of any required
depth; but these dimensions may be varied to suit the magnitude of
the work to be performed. C, a syphon or passage conveying the water
into D', second of the series of tanks, containing E, three floating filters,
which are, say, twenty-eight feet long by six feet wide, so that the same.
may be removed, so as to leave a space of, say, two feet from the walls
of the tank, or between any two of the floating filters to allow access to
the exterior of the sides thereof; for any purpose that may be required.
F, double bottoms so as to form a hollow chamber for regulating the
height of flotation, and the vertical sides of which are formed with
G, double sides of perforated plates, between which the charcoal or
other filtering media are placed.
The arrows within the dotted lines are. used to show the position of
syphons carrying the filtered effluent water from the side filters to the
centre one, that the same as it acumulates may be withdrawn
therefrom and discharged into D², third tank containing another set of
three filters similar to those in tank D¹, and arranged and operated
precisely in the same manner, the effluent or filtered water being
withdrawn and discharged in any convenient way into D³, the fourth
tank, when it is again filtered and withdrawn from the filters. and
discharged into D', the fifth tank, when it is again filtered in the same
manner and discharged into D³, the sixth tank, when it is again a
re-filtered, and will be then found to be sufficiently pure for discharging
into a stream, or may be used for irrigation or other purposes..
.

page_text: The effluent water, when used for irrigation, in most cases will be
found sufficiently pure after the second filtration; but of course the
system of purification may be carried to any extent desired.
H, a well in connection with the system of tanks, by means of J,
culverts or pipes, which connect the several tanks of the system with the
well H, and are each fitted with an independant clough or stop valve,.
so that the deposit at the bottom of any one of the tanks may be drawn.
off and discharged into the well H, which is deeper than the several
tanks or reservoirs.
.
Figure 3 (Sheet 2) is a sectional elevation of one modification of our
improved apparatus for elevating the sewage deposit from the well H,
and for systematically treating the same in its passage therefrom, so that
it may be delivered in a marketable condition. K, set of elevators'
attached to a pair of endless chains or bands working over drums, top
and bottom; L, a hollow drum open on the periphery, and open from
the centre of the inner side into M, a close pipe, which is fitted internally
with N, a revolving shaft carrying an archimedian screw, or a number
of oblique blades, or both. P, an archimedian screw on the shaft N.
R, oblique propelling and mixing blades on the shaft N, which latter
for convenience is broken off. S, driving pulleys on the shaft
carrying the drum L. T, a hopper, the throat of which is fitted with t
and t¹, pair of transverse parrallel horizontal toothed rollers, which are
driven in any suitable manner for the purpose of crushing the charcoal
or other matter thrown into the hopper T on its passage to U, a second
hopper, which is fitted with V, a vertical rotating shaft, fitted on its lower
end with cross arms for incorporating the several substances discharged
in the said hopper. W, cylinder revolving in opposite directions to X, a
revolving shaft running along the longitudinal axis of the cylinder W,
and to which is keyed y, a number of cross arms which are arranged to
work at any required distance, or in close contact with Z, cross stays
secured to the cylinder W. d, a hopper into which is thrown sawdust
manure or other substances that require to be disintegrated, which is.
accomplished during the passage through the cylinder W into the hopper
U by means of cross stays in the cylinder and the cross arms on the
shaft X, the cylinder with its stays Z being driven in one direction, and
the shaft carrying the radial arms in the opposite direction, by which a
cutting and beating operation is the result. e, a paddle fitted in the
throat of the hopper U for forcing down the mixtures from the hopper

page_text: into the pipe M to be mixed with the sewage matter, which is done by
'
the action of the screws and propelling blades. f is a hopper also in-
connection with the pipe M; and to which is fitted g, a vertical rotating
spindle; the lower end which carries h, a thrust screw for forcing down
into the pipe M such substances as may be placed in the hopper f. j is
another hopper fitted with vertical shaft and thrust screw, in the same
way as the hopper f, and is used in like manner for introducing
additional matter into the pipe M. is a stationary hopper fitted with m,
a vertical rotating shaft carrying horizontal radial arms for the mixing
of the material falling from the pipe M into said hopper. nand n³, a
pair of transverse horizontal rollers, between which the material as it is
delivered from the hopper k passes, when it comes into contact with p,.
a pair of transverse horizontal shafts carrying a number of beater blades.
or arms, which intersect each other, and are driven at a high speed in
opposite directions for the purpose of disentegrating the materials
operated upon, after passing between the rollers n and n', when it falls
into g, a tramway truck for removeal for storage or otherwise.
Having now. fully described and ascertained the nature of this our
said Invention, and the best means we are acquainted with for carrying
the system into practical effect, we wish it to be understood we do not
confine ourselves to the relative proportions, details, or dimensions, as
it will be readily seen that they may be considerably varied without
departing from the Invention; but what we claim is,―
Firstly. The system of filtration by means of filtering vessels floating
in several tanks, as herein-before described and set forth substantially a
and in the manner and for the purposes stated.
Secondly. The withdrawing the deposit from the bottom of the tanks
into the well operated substantially in the manner and for the purposes
herein-before described and set forth.
Thirdly. Elevating the deposit from the well, and discharging the
same into the close pipe M, fitted and operated substantially in the
manner and for the purposes herein-before described and set forth..
Fourthly. The peculiar arrangement and system of hoppers fitted
internally and operated substantially in the manner for the purposes
herein-before described and set forth.
1
Fifthly. The rotating cylinder W with its cross stays, and fitted
internally with a longitudinal shaft carrying cross arms driven in the
3

page_text: opposite direction to that of the cylinder in which it is enclosed,
substantially in the manner and for the purposes herein-before described
and set forth.
Sixthly. The general system and arrangement of apparatus herein-
before described and set forth as applied for the treatment of sewage or
other large bodies of liquid requiring to be so operated upon, as herein-
before fully described.
Seventhly. The use of floating filters in streams or lakes for the
filtration of water for domestic and general purposes, as herein-before
described and set forth.
Eighthly. The use of a water wheel (or submerged propellor attached
to filters in streams for the purpose of pumping the filtered water on to
the land.
Lastly. The application of a turbine water wheel or submerged
propeller acted upon by a head of sewage water for the purpose of
operating the several or any parts of the mixing apparatus, or
pumping from the filters or tanks, as 'herein-before described and set
forth.
In witness whereof, we, the said James Banks and William
Walker, have hereunto set our hands and affixed our seals,
this Twenty-first day of March, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and seventy-two.
TATA
DANTZ
JAALED
DAARD.
5 Witness,
PHILIP ROCHE,
WILLIAM (L.S.) WALKER.
Secretary to William Walker,
44, Castle Street,
Liverpool.