Ventilator or Cowl for Railway Carriages and other Vehicles.
Year: 1894

page_text: Date of Application, 13th Nov., 1894-Accepted, 29th Dec., 1894
Ventilator or Cowl for Railway Carriages and other Vehicles.
I, ERNEST BUCHHOLTZ of 59 Langestrasse, Warsaw, Russian Poland, Merchant,
do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to
be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-
This ventilator or cowl for railway carriages and other vehicles is so constructed
that the current of air acting upon it produces a double suction action, that this
suction action irrespective of which direction the wind meets it remains constant
and lastly so that the ventilator offers the least possible surface to the wind pressure
and thus only slightly impedes the speed of the carriage.
Figure 1 of the accompanying drawings is a vertical section, Figure 2 a plan
view, and Figure 3 a section of a detail.
The ventilator consists of two sets of conical mantles or cones of sheet metal so
arranged that the upper cones A, B and C correspond with the lower ones D, E
and F, the upper ones however overlapping the lower ones somewhat below in
order that the moisture falling on the upper cones shall not run into the
lower ones.
The cones in each set are at a short distance apart from each other so that
annular spaces are formed between them. The cones are kept in this position by
ring pieces a Figures 2 and 3 soldered on, four to six in number in each annular
space. But the space between the upper set of coues A, B, C from the lower ones
D, E, F is secured by the stays Figures 1 and 2. The cones C and D are
soldered together along their edges. The lower middle cone F forms the end of a
pipe G which unites the ventilator with the pipe H leading to the space to be
ventilated.
The apparatus thus constructed has the following advantages.
By reason of the sharp edge formed by the cones C and D the air current will
be led over the cones A, B, C as well as the cones D, E, F. Thus two sets of
cones come into action on the ventilating pipe without increasing the volume
of the ventilator or thus offering the wind a comparatively large surface
of resistance.
The perfectly round and symmetrical form of the apparatus shewn in plan has
further the effect that the action of the apparatus remains the same whatever the
direction of the wind may be either in the horizontal or vertical plane.
Thus if the wind goes in the direction of the arrow I Figure 1, then the two sets
of cones A, B, C and D, E, F divide exactly the suction action.
If the wind goes
in the direction of the arrow II, then the action of the lower set of cones increases
as much as that of the upper decreases, and rice versú by a wind direction of the
arrow III; that means to say that the action of the ventilator is constant whatever
the direction of the wind may be.
Lastly the apparatus prevents absolutely the entry of moisture into the space to
be ventilated, as all moisture collecting on the sloping surfaces A and B must be
carried down the spaces between D, E and F and thence on to the roof.
The moisture that possibly may form by condensation on the inside surface of
the cone F will be carried down a space formed between the cylinder G and the
pipe H. For that purpose the inner diameter of the cylinder B is somewhat larger
than the outside diameter of the pipe H.

page_text: Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. A ventilator or cowl for railway carriages and other vehicles in which two
sets of tuyerlike cones are arranged in each other, having their large ends towards
each other, above or round the mouth of the ventilating pipe, whilst the uttermost
cones of the upper and the lower set of cones are soldered together forming a sharp
edge, so that the two sets of cones in vertical section have the form of a lens, for
the purpose of ensuring a constant suction action by every wind direction and
also to offer the wind the least possible resistance when the vehicle is in
motion.
2. A ventilator as firstly claimed in which the cones of the upper set are so
proportioned that their lower edges come over the annular spaces formed between
the lower cones, so that all moisture falling on the upper cone is by the lower cones
led to the roof and do not enter the ventilating pipe.
3. A ventilator as firstly claimed in which the inner diameter of the cylinder
which carries the cones and terminates in the ventilating pipe is so much larger
than the outer diameter of the ventilating pipe that a space is formed between said
cylinder and pipe, through which space the moisture collecting by condensation ou
the inner surface of the cylinder drips directly on to the roof and does not enter
the said pipe.
Dated this 13th day of November 1894.
JENSEN & SON,
77, Chancery Lane, London, W.C., Patent Agents.