IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CARPETS AND IN APPARATUS THEREFOR
Year: 1885

page_text: Apparatus therefor.
I EMIL STEIDEL, of 84 Neue Konigstrasse, Berlin, in the Kingdom of Prussia,
Carpet Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of my invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CARPETS AND IN APPARATUS THEREFOR" and in
what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement :—
Brussels and Jacquard-velvet-carpets are fabrics similar to those known as
Smyrna-carpets, the difference between these carpets and ordinary carpets being
that the pattern of the carpet appears on the reverse as exactly as on the obverse.
Smyrna carpets have been manufactured hitherto only by knotting by hand. This
invention has for its purpose not only to replace the hand-work, but also to manu-
facture as strong carpets as formerly, so that it will be impossible to withdraw the
ends of the pile with the fingers. This result is attained by an especially strong
binding.
To satisfy these conditions it is necessary to transform the three-turn-loom or
three ply loom hitherto used in the manufacture of carpets into a four turn loom
or four-ply loom so that besides the weft of the needle ("Ruthenschuss") three
other wefts of the thread ("Fadiuschuss") will take place. Furthermore it is
necessary that besides the lifting board ("Hebcbrett") for forming the pattern
another lifting board be arranged in the Jacquard machine which in the formation
of the pattern leaves on the reverse the dead material of the pattern in the same
connection in which it was in the preceding needle weft "Ruthenschuss."
The figures 1ª, 1b, 1º, and 1ª, of the accompanying drawing represent a diagram
of the position of the warped threads (Kettenfaden) and of the pattern for the
period of 4 turns or plys, that is to say in the width of 4 wefts.
Figure 2 ghews a view of the loom particularly illustrating the new arrangement.
Figure 3 is a supplement to fig. 2 and shews a vertical section through the loom.
Figures 4 and 5 shew separately the two lifting boards.
Figure 6 part of Figure 3 detached.
The pattern of the weft (" Schuismuster") is shewn in the figures 1ª, 1b, 1°, and 1ª.
1d shews the group. of. the active threads of the pattern "Musterfarden" fig. 1b the
"

page_text: .
position of the dead material of the pattern, fig. 1° shows the arrangement of one of
the warps, and Fig. 1d that of the other It results therefrom, that all these figures
are contained in fig. 1"; they are separated from each other only for the purpose
of rendering the arrangement more intelligible, while the warps which in the
figures cover each other, are numbered with similar ciphers. Number 1 begins
with the weft of the needle,. while 2, 3 and 4 indicate the weft of the thread
("Fabenschuss ").
In conformity with this weft pattern "Schussmuster" and with reference to
the necessary working of the machine the loom is constructed as follows:-The
crank shaft A actuating the chest B carries a small toothed wheel C gearing with
a larger toothed wheel D; the two wheels are in the proportion of 1.4 (see Figures 3
and 2) the wheel D is carried on the shaft E, which, between the side-parts of the
Loom, also carries the eccentric sheaves F, F, and, outside, in the treadle box, the
eccentric sheaves G. The course of the curve on the eccentrics F F corresponds
also to a four-turn-gang or ply (see Fig. 3) inasmuch that the spur-pulley h of
the lever I at a quarter of the rotation of the eccentric-sheave F (that is to say
at "2") is lifted beyond the normal position, while in the three quarter of its way
the lever I remains in its normal position (as shewn in the drawing). The levers I
serve to raise a second lifting-board H². The two first eccentric sheaves g¹ and g²
in the treadle box serve to move the warp-shafts, the up and down motion of
which is seen in the Fige 1° and 1d. The eccentric g³ for lifting the upper lifting-
board H¹ has also, corresponding to the gang or passage of the threads of the
pattern according to Fig. 1º, a curve, which alternately rises and descends, as shewn
in Fig. 2º.
All the eccentric-sheaves G in the treadle box are not carried directly on the
shaft E, but on a special socket which is loose on the shaft E. Although the
eccentrics G move in the same direction as the shaft, they must be set. in
rotation by a special pair of wheels D₁ E¹; the two wheels are also in the pro-
portion of 14. The purpose of this arrangement is that the gang-way or passage of
the two lifting-boards H H can be modified by displacing the gearing of the
teeth C¹ D¹ for one or more teeth of the large wheel.
The positions of the moving parts are chosen in the Figures 2, 2 and 3 for the
first weft, that is to say for the needle-weft, the ciphers 1, 2, 3 and 4 inscribed in
the two eccentric sheaves F and g³ are therefore corresponding with each other
and corresponding at the same time with the similar ciphers in the figures 1° and 1ª.
In the position 1 the threads of the pattern (that is to say the active ones) are
lifted by the eccentric g³ by means of the lever g, the rod g³, the lever g' on the
common shaft g6 and the lifting bars 98 by means of the lifting board H. This
arrangement is known; the disposition of the Jacquard machine shown particularly
in Fig. 6 for grouping the plush-threads according to patterns is likewise known,
and this description refers only to the alternating arrangement of the harness-
threads i in the two lifting-boards H and H.
The two lifting-boards shown in the figures 4 and 5 are provided with holes,
which are disposed in an opposite way, so that, when the threads abandoned to
themselves are hanging down, or when; by means of the needles / they are put by
the pattern-cylinder in a second parallel position (Fig. 6) they pass always once
through the larger hole of one of the lifting-boards and at the same time through
the smaller hole of the other lifting-board. Each thread i is therefore, always
when the machine has finished four turns, caught by means of the knots o¹ or o²
by the small opening of one or the other lifting-board, into which the thread,
because of the position of the pattern, just penetrates, and the thread i is thus
lifted. It results therefrom, that, when all active pattern-threads are lifted by the
lifting-board H³, the lifting board H2 will lift all the dead running pattern-threads
and this is the essential point of the invention, so that at the second weft, that is to
say at the first weft of the thread after the needle-weft, the dead material of the
pattern is lifted, while at the same time the plush-pattern in its complete context
as it appears on the reverse of the fabric, remains respectively lying below.

page_text: The position 2 with regard to the material of the pattern is hereby also illustrated,
and in
The position 3 the reverse of the preceding takes place, or the same as in the
position 1 with the sole difference, that here a weft is falling.
In the position 4 the two lifting-boards are in their low position and the whole
of the material of the pattern is below the weft of the thread and divides itself at
the following needle-weft in the active and dead material of the pattern. As
shown in the Figures 1ª and 1b the dead material of the pattern during the
positions 3, 4, 1 is under the two wefts of the thread and the needle-weft, that
corresponds exactly to the eccentric-sheave F (Fig. 3) for the lower lifting-boards H*.
The eccentric curve is in the three quadrants 3, 4, 1 in equal distance from the
centre and only in the quadrant "2" begins an inclination, whereby by means of
the lever I and the rods m, mt the lifting-board is proportionally lifted.
The course of the warps is shewn in the Figures 1° and 1d. The curves of the
eccentric sheaves g¹ and g³ (Fig. 2) serving to work the shafts of the warps are
similar to those of the eccentric g³ while the rest of the arrangement is known.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is
1. The process of applying on Brussels and Jacquard-velvet-carpets the pattern
of the obverse also to the reverse of the carpets by conducting the threads of the
warp of the pattern (which are dyed and not imprinted), immediately after having
served to form the naps, into the lower shed of the subsequent thread of the
warp ("Grundschussfaden ").
2. A loom serving to carry out the aforesaid process and in which in replacement
of the hitherto used sole lifting-board H¹, two superposed lifting-boards H and H
are working, which have their holes arranged in an opposite manner; one of these
lifting boards serving to form the shed for the plush-needles and the other in
utilizing the same Jacquard card effects in the formation of the first subsequent
ground-weft, substantially as described.