IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR APPLYING MOTIVE POWER
Year: 1861

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to George Hayes, of Elton, in the County of Huntingdon,
Millwright, for the Invention of "IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR APPLYING
MOTIVE POWER."
Sealed the 31st October -1861, and dated the 3rd May 1861.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said George Hayes at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 3rd
May 1861.
I, GEORGE HAYES, of Elton, in the County of Huntingdon, Millwright,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVED APPARATUS
FOR APPLYING MOTIVE POWER," to be as follows:--
This Invention relates to an intermediate motion (to be applied between the
motive power and the machine or apparatus to be moved or worked) wherein
the static pressure of a weight or weights applied to an axle or spindle is
caused constantly to preponderate upon one and the same side of another axle,
which is in gear, by means of spur wheels, with the axle or spindle to be
turned, and has thus a constant tendency to assist the said last-named axle or
shaft to turn in the direction required, whereby an additional power in pro-
portion to the weight used is gained.
Upon the axle to which the motive power is applied in the first instance,
and which revolves in fixed bearings, is a keyed spur pinion (say, about 6
inches in diameter) in gear with a large spur wheel (say, 6 feet in diameter)

page_text: keyed upon the axle from which the motive power is to be transmitted to
the machine, which is also carried on fixed pedestals. Upon the first-named
axle are also keyed a pair of spur wheels (say, 1 foot diameter), driving a
similar pair of wheels (say, 2 feet in diameter) keyed upon an axle, which is
not supported in pedestals, but rests with its ends on an inclined plane at each
side. These wheels are weighted at the rims like fly wheels, or a solid
cylindrical weight is keyed on the axle between them. These wheels are in
gear with a pair of wheels of the same diameter, mounted on another axle or
spindle, the ends of which also rest on the inclined planes, but which is not
weighted. Upon this latter axle are also keyed two small spur pinions (say,
4 inches in diameter), which rest upon and gear with a pair of spur wheels
is
(say, 2 feet in diameter) keyed upon the shaft from which the motive power
to be transmitted. It will, therefore, be seen that the first-named axle is con-
nected to the latter by a double train of spur gearing, the diameters of the
various wheels being so proportioned as to transmit the motion at the requisite
speed.
The tendency which the weighted axle above named has to run down
the inclined plane being counteracted by the spur gearing, which supports the
same, acts directly on the teeth of the wheels, always pressing on one side of
the centre, and assisting them to turn in the same direction, thereby
increasing the effect of the original power applied in proportion to the weight
emploved.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said George. Hayes in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 2nd
November-1861.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, GEORGE
HAYES, of Elton, in the County of Huntingdon, Millwright, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Third day of May, in the year of our Lord.
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-one, in the twenty-fourth year
of Her reign, did; for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant
unto me, the said George Hayes, Her special licence that I, the said George
Hayes, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such other as I,
the said George Hayes, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should
at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times

page_text: thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make,
use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVED
APPARATUS FOR APPLYING MOTIVE POWER," upon the condition (amongst others)
that I, the said George Hayes, my executors or administrators, by an
instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and
seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and
cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said George Hayes, do hereby declare the
nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement in writing, and on reference to the accompanying. Drawings,
that is to say:-
This Invention relates to an intermediate motion (to be applied between
the motive power and the machine or apparatus to be moved or worked)
wherein the static pressure of a weight or weights applied to an axle or spindle
is caused constantly to preponderate upon one and the same side of anotlier
axle, which is in gear by means of spur wheels with the axle or spindle to be
turned, and has thus a constant tendency to assist the said last-named axle or
shaft to turn in the direction required, whereby an additional power, in pro-
portion to the weight used, is gained.
i
For example: Upon the axle to which the motive power is applied in the
first instance, and which revolves in fixed bearings, is keyed á spur pinion
(say, about six inches diameter) in gear with a large spur wheel (say, six feet
in diameter), keyed upon the axle, from which the motive power is to bo
transmitted to the machine, which is also carried on fixed pedestals. Upon
the first-named axle are also keyed a pair of spur wheels (say, one foot in dia-
meter), driving a similar pair of wheels (say, two feet in diameter), keyed
upon an axle, which is not supported in pedestals but rests with its ends on an
inclined plane at each side. These wheels are weighted at the rims like fly
wheels, or a solid cylindrical weight is keyed on the axle between them.
These wheels are in gear with a pair of wheels of the same diameter mounted
on another axle or spindle, the ends of which also rest on the inclined planes,
but which is not weighted. Upon this latter axle are also keyed two small.
spur pinions (say, four inches and a half in diameter), which rest upon and.
gear with a pair of spur wheels (say, two feet in diameter), keyed upon the

page_text: i
shaft, from which the motive power is to be transmitted. It will therefore be
seen that the first-named axle is connected to the latter by a double train of
spur gearing, the diameters of the various wheels being so proportioned as to
transmit the motion at the requisite speed.
The tendency which the weighted axle above-named has to run down the
inclined plane being counteracted by the spur gearing which supports the
same, acts. directly on the teeth of the wheels, always pressing on one side of
the centre and assisting them to turn in the same direction, thereby increasing
the effect of the original power applied in proportion to the weight employed.
Such being the nature and object of my said Invention for " Improved
Apparatus for Applying Motive Power," I will now proceed to describe the
manner in which the same is to be or may be performed or carried into prac-
tical effect. And in order that the same may be distinctly understood I have
'annexed 'hereunto a Sheet of Drawings exhibiting a modification of the above,
and have marked the same with figures and letters of reference corresponding
with those in the following explanation thereof, that is to say :-
In the annexed Drawings, Figure 1 is a side view, and Figure 2 a front
elevation of this arrangement of my Invention. a, a, are the side frames of
'the machine, connected together by tie rods b, b; c, c, is the shaft or axle, to
which the power is applied by means of the winch handle d, d, or otherwise;
and e, e, is the shaft from which the power is transmitted to the machine, to be
driven by means of a strap passing round the pulley f, f. Upon the shaft e, e,
'are keyed two spur pinions 9, 9, (one at each side inside the framing,) in gear
with two spur wheels h, h, keyed on an axle i, i. The wheels h, h, are con-
nected by intermediate wheels j, j, to two similar wheels k, k, on an axle 1, 1,
which (as well as the shafts e, e, and i, i, and the axles of the wheels j,j.)
revolves in fixed bearings attached to the frame. The spur wheels k, k, are in
gear with small spur pinions m, m, keyed upon the axle o, c, or first-motion
shaft. The pinions m, m, are kept in gear with the wheels k, k, by two links
n, n, the respective ends of which embrace the shafts c, c, and 1, 7. The shaft
c, c, is supported by means of the spur wheels o, o, resting upon and gearing
with similar wheels p, p, keyed upon an axle . 9. This axle q, q, has no bear-
ings or support whatever, excepting what is afforded by the pinions r,, bearing
upon and gearing with the wheels h, h, keyed upon the shaft i, i. The axle c, c,
be weighted in any suitable manner, the following arrangement being a
convenient one:-About the centre of the axle is keyed a diso s, s, and on
cach side of this are placed other discs t, t, these latter being cast in two pieces,
as seen at Figure 1, and the whole bolted together by bolts u, u.
may
:
From the above description it will be evident that the whole weight of the

page_text: shafts c, c, and 9, 9, and their appendages rests upon the circumference of the
wheels h, h, some distance outside a vertical line drawn through the centre of
the shaft i, i. and that the tendency thereof would be to cause the pinions 7, 1,
to roll over the surfaces of the wheels h, h, allowing the shafts q, q, and c, c, to
fall; but in order to do this, the said pinions must revolve quicker than the
circumference of the wheels h, h, travels, which they cannot do in consequence
of their being connected to the wheels h, h, in the other direction by the train
of gearing g, j, k, m, o, and
P.
Hence it is that the static pressure of the weight acts upon the wheels h, h,
assisting them to turn in the direction of the arrow, and imparts an increased
power thereto in proportion to the weight applied to the axle c, c. I may here
observe, that for the purpose of facilitating the removal of the machine from
place to place, it may be mounted upon wheels or rollers.
Having now described the nature and object of my said Invention for
Improved Apparatus for Applying Motive Power," together with the manner
in which the same is to be or may be performed or carried into practical effect, I
would remark in conclusion, that I claim as my Invention, the so arranging a
machine or apparatus for applying motive power, that the static pressure of a
weight applied to a revolving axle is caused constantly to preponderate upon
one and the same side of the centre of another revolving axle, the two being
geared together, and also independently geared to the axle or spindle to be
turned, so that the said weight has a constant tendency to assist the latter to
turn in the direction required, whereby an additional power (in proportion to
the weight used) is gained.
In witness whereof, I, the said George Hayes, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Twenty-ninth day of October, in the year of our
Lord Oue thousand eight hundred and sixty-one.
Witness,
BRISTOW HUNT,
Sol & Patent Agent,
1, Serle St., Lincoln's Inn.
GEORGE HAYES. (L.S.)