AN HORIZONTAL TURNING CHURN FOR CHURNING OF BUTTER
Year: 1796

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, 1, WILLIAM
RALEY, of Newbald, near Market Weighton, in the East Riding of the
County of York, Chymist, send greeting.
WHEREAS His most Excellent Majesty King George the Third, did, by
IIis Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date at
Westminster, the Tenth day of November, in the thirty-seventh year of His
reign, give and grant unto me, the said William Raley, his special licence
that I, the said William Raley, during the term of years therein mentioned.
should and lawfully might use, exercise, and vend, within England, Wales, and
the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, my Invention of "AN HORIZONTAL TURNING
CHURN FOR CHURNING OF BUTTER;" in which said Letters Patent there is
contained a proviso, obliging me, the said William Raley, by an instrument
in writing under my hand and seal, to cause a particular description of the
nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed,
to be inrolled in His Majesty's High Court of Chancery within one calendar
month after the date of the said recited Leters Patent, as in and by the same,
relation being thereunto had, may more fully and at large appear
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
William Raley, do hereby declare that my said Invention of an horizontal
turning churn for churning of butter, is described in the Plan and description
thereof hereunto annexed.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Raley, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Second day of December. in the year of our Lord
One thousand seven hundred and ninety-six.
WILLIAM RALEY. (L.s.)

page_text: AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the same Second day of December,
in the year above mentioned, the aforesaid William Raley came before our
Lord the King in His Chancery, and acknowledged, the Specification afore-
said, and all and every thing therein contained, in form above written. And
also the Specification aforesaid was stamped according to the tenor of the
Statute in that case made and provided.
Insolled the saino Socond day of December in the year above written.

page_text: and Lid
or
their action
-
may
be made more
be
1
a
one
may
be
the
on the
0.0.0.0.0.0. The moving Dashes or Breakers (12 in number) fixed on the inner frame consisting of four cepright pieces at F.F. the top and bottom ends of which are fixed in two circular pieces of
the same diameter as the inside of the Churn at G.G.G.G. forming a ring one inch and half thick and two inches and a half broad) round the inside of the Churn so as to keep
the upright pieces in opposite direction. If the Chuven is large there must be another of these circular pieces at B. B. On the edge · or ourside of these pieces there are groves (in opposite
direction) which slide on small pieces on the inside of the Churn at 33. 33. 33.33. which prevent the inner frame F. F. and the Dashes or Breakers 0.0.0.0.0.0. from moving
sideways and cause them to be carried round by the motion of the Barrel. This inner frame its Dashes or Breakers are fixed together which admits of their being put
in and taken out of the Barrel at one and the same time NNNNNNNN. The immoveable Dashes or Breakers (eight in number) connected or
• joined together by the two
upright pieces at 30. 30. between which posses the upright shaft or. Spindle H, These Dashes or Breakers are kept from settling too low by pin passing through
of the cross bars
at 13.13.15 which confines the two upright prices in their proper places - Note. As this draught referesents only half of the Chuven (the body of which is cut Longitudinally through
its center) only half the number of the moving Dashes or Breakers 0.0.0.0.0.0. and two of the upright pieces FF are exposed to view But the fixed Dashes NNNNNNNN
· are represented in their proper number H. An upright Shaft or Spindle (made of Iron) Square from I to S and fixed in a square grove or notch in the forepart of the
frame at 21, where it is confined by a hesp wedge or other contrivance so as to keep it immovable but admits of its being loosed at pleasure From S. to 14, this up-
light Shaft
Spindle is round and passes through a round hole in the Wheel E and Lid D, or Cover of the Churn at 22. 22, which suffers the Wheel and Lid to
move freely round the Spindle This Spindle is of a smaller square from 14 to a little from its bottown where it terminates in a point or gudgeon which is received by
the Pot at 18 This smaller square part of the Spindle passes through square holes in the Cross Bars at 13. 13. 13 which keeps the two upright pieces (one estimate the Bashes
or Breakers NNNNNNNN are fixed) at a proper distance so as to admit the Spindle # to pass freely between them and their Dashes immoveable while those at 0.0.0.0.0.0. con-
nected with the inner frame volves or circulates round them. The upright shaft or Spindle II. is kept from rising by its having a protuberance or ridge, going first under the outer
frame at 5 - 18. Is a pot of hardened Steel let into the Center of the inside of the Churns bottom. this pot has a margin or im at 40. wherely, it is fastened with Screws and
receives the First or Point of the upright shaft or Spindle II. Q Is a Gudgeon of Iron with a margin or rim at 37. by which it is fastened with Screws to the center of the
outside of the Chumns bottom The lower end or point of this Gudgeon, ( which movie in the Pot R) is of hardened Steel R is a Pot of hardened Steel or Bell Metal let
into the bottom part of the Frame and fastened to the same by screws passing through its margin at 38 - P. An opening to discharge the Churn Milk & which
u Wooden Tube to be closed with a wooden plug. or a straight turn cock The Tube must be shaight as it may
to thrust something therein to remove
necessary
Butter which may happen to obstruct it Hence the opening at 10 is for the discharge. Q Is a large wooden plug which being removed leaves an opening (through the "hind
Wheel
F and Lid or Cover D. into the Chuire through which its contents are to be inspected The Wheel E, is fixed to the lid or Cover of the Chuven by Nails or Screws Or the Wheel
may
both be made of one volit piece. The extremity of this Wheel rests on the top cadije of the Chun at 36. 36 where it is kept down steady by the hesps at
23. 23 17 are two handles to. lift the Churn by - I.I. An Iron Axis passing through the outer frame of the Machine A.A.A.A. at T. W. in bushes of chon or Bell Metal
and through the upright shaft or spindle at 6. s . This Axis is square at the extremities 12. 27. At 10 is a fixed Collar or stop, to act against the outer part of the
Frame from this stop to 25 the Axis is round from 25 to 34 it is square and from 34 to 26, it is round L. Is a Cook with a fixed Coller at II which
goes
square part of the Axis at 12. forming a stop to act against the outside of the Frame at 26. V. Is another brook fixed on the square top of the cxis at 27. Note:
as the Cooks L. V. are both turned one way.
• uniform and perhaps more agreable to the persons who twm them by having two small
Metal Wheels or Pinions one placed on the cixis II at II the other on a seperate Axis and placed (either above or below the ether Wheel or pinion) so as to act with it one.
end of its axis moving in a Metal Bush in the Frame W with its other end passing through the Wheel or Tinion and terminating in a Square on which is to
be placed the Crook without its fixed Collar as the other Wheel or Pinion would (in that case) supply its place - In case it is required to work the Chuven with more
case and regularity a large Iron Wheel or Fly (loaded with Lead) may be placed on the Spindle I.I. at 35 This Wheel or Fly may be from three to six feet in
diameter or more according to the size of the Churn M. M. The two handles by which the two above mentioned books are turned. The above mentioned upright
Shaft or Spindle II is thicker or broader from 6 to is to admit a hole through which the Axis I. I. passes - 19. Is a loose Collar to slide on the Axis I.I. so as to aut as a
stop against the upright shaft or Spindle II which keeps it steady - This loose Coliar is kept in its place by the Screw at 28. K. Is a small wheel or Pinion . 7.
7 are its Teeth or Cogs acting with those of the Wheel E, at 8.8. This Wheel slides on its Axis I. I. and is kept in its place by a Screw at 9 passing through the
fixed Collar 39 This small Wheel is only half as large as the Wheel E. Hence the first moves twice round to once of the latter. The size of the Wheels
altered as may be thought proper. N. B. The Teeth of the
large
may
be made short and broad and likewise those of the lesser Wheel and fixed in its
edge at 31. 31. The above Wheels may either be made of Wood or Metal. The above mentioned Churn may be made of any size, either of Wood plate. Tin Pewter
other substance as may be thought proper. Its outer frame may be fixed (by supporters) to some part of the Room which it is kept. Or it may stand upon Freet
fixed in the bottom part of its frame as may be found most convenient. The number of its Dashes or Breakers may either be increased or diminished according
to the size of the Churn and may either be solid (as above represented) holed or indented on their edges to. To make use: • of the above mentioned Churn. Frist put
the empty Churn or Barrel into its Frame A.AAA. with its Pivot or Gudgeon 29. into the Steel Pot at R Then put in the inner frame F.F.G.GGG. with its Dashes
or Breakers 0.0.0.0.0.0 (or the Frame and its Dashes may be put into the Barrel before its Pivot or Gudgeon is put into the Pot) after which put in the Cream, and take
the upright shaft or Spindle II (without the Dashes) and put it through the hole in the center of the Wheel E and Lid or Cover of the Churn at 22.22. then
put thereon the Dashes or Breakers NNNNNNNN connected with the two upright pieces 30. 30. and the Cross Bars 13. 13. 13 which is prevented from settling too
low by a pin passing through
• of the Cross Bars into the Spindle - Then pass the Spoonathes (thus furnished) through the Cream with its pivot 18 into the Steel Pot-
in the center of the Churns bottom, putting on the Lid or Cover D with the Wheel E which fasten down the hisps at 23. 23 and place the top end of the upright
Shaft or Spindle B. in the square Grove or Notch at 21 making it fast there with a hep or wedge or other contrivance, as is found most convenient. Then take the Axxis I. I. and pass it
through the outer frame at T. putting on the Wheel & then put on the Collar 34 after which pass it through the upright shaft or spindle at 6. s putting, on the other loose Collar at 19,
and pass the Axis through the Frame at W on the end of which put the fixed Collar of the Cook Is making it fast with a pin or nut screwed thereon - In case this Crook is
not wanted a loose Collar must supply its place Then bring the sliding Collars or Stops 19, and 34, to the upright shaft or spindle where make them fast by the Screws at
28. 28. after which slide the small wheel, II, so as its teeth or Cogs take hold of those of the Wheel E (as at 7.8). where make it fast by the Screw 9 - To cause the Movement of the
above Churn - First turn the Axis I.I. by the Crooks L.. U. or either of them which will move the Wheel II the teeth or •Cogs of which at 7.7 catches hold of those of the Wheel
E at 8, 8. causing it to move in a circular direction in consequence of which the Body of the Chum (viz the upright Barrel B. B) with the inner frame F. F. GGGG. the
moving Bashes or Breakers 0.0.0.0.0.0. and Cream are turned round in a houzontal direction upon the Pivot at 29 while the upright shaft or Spindle II. the two upright
pieces at 30.30 with the Cross Bars at 13. 13.13 and their Dashes or Breakers at NNNNNNNN. remains immoveable. Hence the Friction and adjitation of the Cream
which produces Butter. The above mentioned peculiar movement of the above Churn is an Essential Criterian which distinguishes it from every other Its possition is
perpendicular or
or upright. The Term Horijonatal denotes the peculiar direction in which it moves To take out the Butter - Take of the Nut 12 and Crook L loosen
the Collers 19. 34 and 39 by turning the Screws 28. 28, and 9 then draw out the Axis I. I. till it is free from the upright shaft or Spindle II. putting the Wheel I dose
to the Frame at 15. Or take the Wheel off and draw away the Axis. Then loove the hesps at 23. 23 and lift up the Wheel B. and cover or Lid of the Churn to S.
where they
are to be stayed by a pin put under them into a hole in the Spindle H. Then shake the Butter from the Spindle its Dashes V. and loosen the
Spindle at 21, and take it out with its Dushes or Breakers & after which clear the Butter from the inner frame and its Dashes or Breakers and take them
out and collect or gather the Butter - After which let off the Churn Milk by the Cock P. when nothing will remain but the outer part of the Chuvin (viz!
the Barrel) and Butter it contains. Then the Churn may be removed from its place care being taken not to impire its Gudgeon Q. To prevent which a hole
may
be made in the bottom part of the outer frame at X. Or in a seperate frame or piece of Wood for that purpose.__
to receive it
one
Wheel
may bel
ov