Improvements in Windows.
Year: 1886

page_text: Date of Application, 11th May, 1886.
Complete Left, 11th Feb., 1887.
Complete Accepted, 11th Mar., 1887.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Windows.
JOHN MASON 66 Musgrave Street West Hartlepool in the County of Durham,
Joiner and Pattern Maker, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be
as follows:-
In window frames and the like in which the ordinary sash cord, pullies, and weights
are substituted with a swivelling arrangement, and in which case the top sash is by
preference so mounted as to swivel freely on suitable axes at or near the centre of the
sash, and the bottom sash attached or secured by suitable fastenings so arranged as to
afford facilities for taking out same for the purpose of cleaning &c.
It has hitherto been the practise to use a rectangular metallic slip or weathering
plate moving radially on suitable axes and kept to position against the top sash by
means of helisal or other suitable springs, arranged in such manner as to cause the
said weathering plate to bear continuously against the said swivelling sash, and to
press tightly against the same when closed so as to render it proof against the
admission of wind and rain &c. As however the tension of the said spring is weakest
when the sash is in its normal position, and as there is some degree of torsion on the
said weathering plate, this object is only partially attained.
Now my invention has for its object the substitution of the said spring, weathering
plate and axes with a pair of plates, which may either be applied seperately or pre-
ferably in pairs in the form of hinges, and when the latter forin is adopted, the usual
axes are dispensed with, the sash or sashes swivelling on the joints of the hinges.
Each pair of hinged plates are intended to be of a total length equal to the height of
the sash or sashes to which they may be affixed, and one pair of which is arranged on
each side of the said sash or sashes and frame or frames; the upper half of such
hinged plates are attached by means of screws or other suitable fastenings to the sash
or sashes, and the other half of each pair in a like fashion to the frame or frames.
The hinged plates are proposed to be provided with two projections or heads both on
the same side, and for the reception of which suitable grooves or recesses are made in
the sashes and frames respectively, and it will be understood that one of each of the

page_text: said heads or projections of each hinged plate is tightly fitted into one of the grooves
referred to in each sash and frame, whilst the other head also fits into a corresponding
groove in each of same on the closing of the sash, which latter is tightened to position
by means of a suitable swivelling screw or other analogous device; the object of the
said heads and grooves being to render the sash or sashes thoroughly wind and water
proof, whilst by this arrangement all vibration and consequent noise are obviated.
Another advantage afforded by this method is that the sash or sashes may be more
readily detached from the frame, as, in the hinged plate modification, all that is
necessary to effect this would be either to take out the screws securing the hinges to
the sash or to detach same from the frames, or to withdraw the pins or axes of the
said hinges.
In some cases I may prefer to swivel the sash or sashes at any suitable point above
or below the centre of the said sash or sashes.
The lower or bottom sash of any particular frame or window, may be suspended on
suitable metallic or other cords, or may be supported on suitable axes at the centre
and fitted with plates, or may be fitted with hinged plates as already described, and
secured with suitable fastenings, instead of having a hinge or hinges at the bottom of
sash as heretofore. When cords are employed they are only intended to support the
weight of the sash when the latter is released from its position for the purpose of
cleaning &c.

page_text: Improvements in Windows.
I, JOHN MASON, 66, Musgrave Street, West Hartlepool, in the County of Durham,
Joiner and Pattern Maker, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in
and by the following statement :-
This invention of improvements in windows has reference to those windows in
which the sash is arranged to open and close by being turned on suitable axes at the
side of the sash. In those window frames and the like in which the top sash is by
preference so mounted as to swivel freely on suitable axes at or near the centre of the
sash, and the bottom sash attached or secured by suitable fastenings so arranged as to
afford facilities for taking out same for the purpose of cleaning &c; it has hitherto
been the practice to use a rectangular metallic slip or weathering plate moving
radially on suitable axes and kept to position against the top sash by means of helical
or other suitable springs arranged in such manner as to cause the said weathering
plate to bear continuously against the said swivelling sash and to press tightly
against the same when closed so as to render it proof against the admission of wind
and rain &c. As however the tension of the said spring is weakest when the sash is
in its normal position and as there is some degree of torsion on the said weathering
plate this object is only partially attained.
Now my Invention has for its object the substitution for the said springs, weathering
plate and axes of a pair of plates, which may either be applied separately or in pairs
in the form of hinges which latter arrangement is preferred, and when the latter form
is adopted the usual axes are dispensed with, the sash or sashes swivelling on the
joints of the hinges. Each pair of hinged plates are intended to be of a total length
equal to the height of the sash or sashes to which they may be affixed one pair being
arranged on each side of the said sash or sashes and frame or frames. The upper
half of such hinged plates are attached by means of screws or other suitable fastenings
to the sash or sashes and the other or lower half of each pair are fixed in a like fashion
to the frame or frames. The hinged plates have two projections or beads both on the
same side for the reception of which suitable grooves or recesses are made in the
sashes and in the frames respectively. One of each of the said beads or projections of
each hinged plate is tightly fitted into one of the grooves referred to in each sash and
frame, whilst the other bead also fits into a corresponding groove in each of the same
on closing the sash, which latter is tightened to position by means of a suitable
swivelling screw or other analogous device. The object of the said beads and grooves
is to render the cash or sashes thoroughly wind and water proof and by this arrange-
ment all vibration and consequent noise are obviated. Another advantage afforded by
this method is that the sash or sashes may be more readily detached from the frame,
as in the hinged plate modification, all that is necessary to effect this would be either
to take out the screws securing the hinges to the sash or to detach same from the
frame or to withdraw the pins or axes of the said hinges.

page_text: On the accompanying drawings Fig. 1 represents in front elevation and Fig. 2 in
side section a window frame having two swinging sashes (shewn open) and provided
with a pair of hinged weathering bars according to my invention; Fig. 3 represents
on an enlarged scale the hinged weathering bar and parts of the swinging sash and
sash frame; Fig. 4 is a side view of the weathering bar shewn in Fig. 3; Figs. 5
and 6 are cross-sections of the weathering bar and parts of the sash and frame
separately the sash being represented closed in Fig. 5 and open in Fig. 6; Fig. 7
represents in section on an enlarged scale, part of one of the said weathering bars
and Fig. 8 is a modification of the same.
In
a is a window frame having two swinging sashes b, c each provided at each side
with a pair of plates; the top plates of each pair are marked respectively d¹, d², d³, d²,
and the bottom plates e', e, e³, e. The upper plates d', d, d³, d, are respectively
hinged to the lower plates et, e², e³, e, by pins 3. The upper plates d', d,
of the upper pair of plates are fixed to the sash by screws g and the lower plates e¹, e²,
which are hinged to the upper plates are similarly fixed to the window frame a.
like manner the upper plates d³, d, of the lower pair of plates are fixed to the sash e
and the lower plates e, et which are hinged to the upper plates d³, d, are fixed to the
frame a. Each of the hinged plates has two projections or beads marked h¹, h² on the
drawings (see Fig. 7) running from end to end for the reception of which suitable
grooves or recesses are made in the sashes and similar grooves in the frame.
When the window sashes are closed the projecting beads 2 on the upper plates
d', d², ds, d, fit tightly in the grooves in the frame a and the beads h¹ on the lower
plates e, e², e, et fit tightly in the grooves in the sashes (see Fig. 5) thus rendering
the sashes thoroughly wind and water proof and preventing their rattling. An
ordinary swivelling screw or other analogous device is provided on the sashes or on
the frame by means of which the sashes can be tightened in position. The sashes can
readily be detached from the frame either by removing the screws g from the sashes or
from the frame or by withdrawing the hinge pins f¹, f, f³, when the upper
plates d', d², d³, d, and the sashes to which they are fixed will be detached from the
lower plates e, e², e³, e¹, and from the frame a. are the ordinary cords for
opening and closing the upper sash b.
The weathering bars may be fixed to the top and bottom of the sashes as well as to
the sides for instance as illustrated by Fig. 9 where a weathering bar of the section
shewn by Fig. 9 is fixed to the top of the upper sash band a similar bar to the top
of the lower sash c. When the sashes are closed the bead 3 of the bar of the upper
sash fits into a corresponding groove a¹ in the frame and the bead ³ of the bar Ton
the lower sash fits into a corresponding groove in the upper sash.
It will be evident that a sash which is arranged to swivel at a point above or below
the centre of the sash can be similarly provided with the weathering bars above
described and that the said weathering bars can be similarly applied to other swinging
windows such for instance as that illustrated by Figs. 10, 11, 12, 13, 14 and 15
which illustrate my invention applied to a window which is pivotted at the top and
bottom so as to swing in a horizontal plane. The window is represented as partly
open in the front elevation Fig. 10 and in the sectional plan Fig. 11 two hingel
weathering bars d', d², being fixed to the top and bottom respectively of the sash m
and hinged to similar bars e¹, e² fixed to the frame n; along the vertical sides of the
sash m are fixed separate weathering bars o of the section represented in Fig. 7
grooves being provided in the sides of the frame n for the beads of the
weathering bars o to fit into (see Fig. 14). The top and bottom of the frame and of
the sash are grooved for the beads on the hinged weathering plates affixed thereto
similarly to the sides of the frame and sashes represented by Figs. 1 and 2. Fig. 12
is a part front elevation and Fig. 13 a part sectional plan of the sash m. Fig. 15
represents the weathering bar illustrated by Fig. 8 applied to a window frame in a
different manner a groove p being formed in the frame into which the weathering
bar fits, its projecting half forming a draught-tight joint when the sash m is closed
against it.
The said hinged weathering bars may either be made of cast iron or of bars of

page_text: wrought iron or other metal and the number of projecting beads may be increased or
they may be altogether dispensed with and the bars made of a rectangular cross-
section.
The lower or bottom sash of any particular frame or window may be suspended on
suitable metallic or other cords or may be supported on suitable axes at the centre and
fitted with plates or may be fitted with hinged plates as already described and
secured with suitable fastenings instead of having a hinge or hinges at the bottom of
sash as heretofore; when cords are employed they are only intended to support the
weight of the sash when the latter is released from its position for the purpose of
cleaning &c.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said Invention,
and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I claim is:
1st. The improvements in swing windows hereinbefore described and illustrated in
the accompanying drawings, that is to say, carrying the swinging sash from the
window frame by means of hinged weathering plates constructed and applied
substantially as set forth.
2nd. At each side of a swinging window the application and use of a pair of metal
strips or weathering plates, one plate of each pair being fixed to the swinging sash
above where the sash is pivotted to the window frame, and the other plate of each pair
being fixed to the window frame below the pivot of the sash, so as to cover the joints
of the sash and frame, for the purpose and substantially as set forth.
3rd. The weathering plates, for preventing draughts through swinging windows
when closed, provided with projecting beads, and constructed and applied substantially
as set forth.
CHARLES BOSWORTH KETLEY,
Agent for the Applicant.