An Improved Roof Tile and Method of Laying and Fixing the same on Roof Framings.
Year: 1891

page_text: Date of Application, 13th June, 1391
Complete Specification Left, 12th Mar., 1892-Accepted, 16th Apr., 1892
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
An Improved Roof Tile and Method of Laying and Fixing the same
on Roof Framings.
I, JOHN BENNETT of Ashcombe, Addlestone in the County of Surrey, England,
Member of the Institution of Civil Engineers Great Britain, Gentleman, do hereby
declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
My invention relates to roof tiles and a method of laying and fixing the same on
roof framings.
According to my invention, the tile, which may be made of clay, metal or other
suitable material may be concisely described as a combined flat (or pan) tile and
half round (or wheel) tile that is, it consists or is made up of a flat plane constituting
the main body or covering surface of the tile with one of its edges curved or turned
over in the form of a hollow, tapering or bottled shaped arched cover.
On the opposite side or edge, and springing from the same surface of the flat part
of the tile, is a raised ledge or rim, standing either perpendicularly or obliquely
outwards to the plane of the body of the tile, and of such a shape and height that it
could be entirely covered down to its base by a hollow arched cover equal in all
respects to that which is on the opposite side of the tile. When the raised ledge
stands perpendicularly to the plane of the tile, its outer face is recessed obliquely
outwards, or undercut in a part or parts of its length.
The proportions, as regards dimensions and shape of the tile, are so arranged and
fixed, that one tile can be laid so as to fit accurately into the end of, and overlap
another tile (the exact counterpart of the first) to the extent of three inches (or
any desired length), measured in a line parallel to the axis of the arched portion of
the tile. Thus, it will be seen, that the widths of the flat and curved parts of the
tile vary in a manner inversely with each other, that is, where the flat part is wide,
the curved part is small, and vice versa.
The interior or concave surface of the hollow arched portion of the tile is provided
with one or more projections of such a size and shape, that when the arched part of
one tile is laid closely over the raised ledge or rim of another tile (both tiles being
exact counterparts of each other), the projection or projections abut closely up
against the exterior oblique or undercut surface or surfaces of the raised ledge or
rim of the contiguous tile.
Having now described the tile, I will proceed to describe the method of laying
and fixing it on the roof framing.
A row of the tiles is laid on the roof framing, overlapping one another
longitudinally in a line drawn on the roof slope at right angles to the cave of the
roof.
At the point of insertion of the lower end of the raised ledge or rim of each tile
into the upper end of the raised ledge or rim of the tile underlying it, a clip (made
of metal or other suitable material, and of such a size and shape as to clasp the
combined ledges or rims at such point) is placed over the combined ledges or rims
at that point, and pinned or screwed or bolted securely to the roof fraining. By
this means, each tile is firmly secured to the roof framing in two places, and also to
the tiles lying above and below it.
Having laid and fixed one row of tiles on the roof framing in the manner above
described, the next row is laid (each member of it overlapping one another) with
the hollow arched portion of the tiles in the second row covering the raised ledge or
rim of the tiles in the first row. Each tile in the second row is pushed well home
laterally until the projection or projections on the concave side of the hollow arched

page_text: position of the tile abut closely up against and under the exterior oblique or under
cut surface or surfaces of the raised ledge or rim of the contiguous tile. The clips
of the second row of tiles are then secured to the roof framing (similarly to those of
the first row).
This procedure is continued until the whole surface of the roof (which it is desired
to tile) is covered over.
The above described tiles, therefore, laid and fixed in the manner set forth in the
preceding paragraphs, form a thoroughly storm proof and durable roof covering.
Dated this 12th day of June 1891.
NEWTON & SON,
Agents for the Applicant.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
An Improved Roof Tile and Method of Laying and Fixing the same
on Roof Framings.
I JOHN BENNETT of Ashcombe, Addlestone in the County of Surrey, England
Member of the Institution of Civil Engineers, Great Britain, Gentleman, do hereby
declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement :-
My invention relates to roof tiles and a method of laying and fixing the same on
roof framings, and the tile made in accordance therewith, of clay, metal, or other
suitable material, may be shortly described as a combined flat (or pan) tile and a
half round (or wheel) tile, that is to say, it consists, or is made up, of a flat plane,
constituting the main or covering surface of the tile, with one of its edges curved or
turned over in the form of a hollow tapering or bottle shaped arched cover.
In the accompanying drawings,
Fig. 1 shews, in plan, a portion of a roof embodying my invention;
Fig. 2 is a section on the line 1, 1 of Fig. 1;
Fig. 3 is a section on the line 2, 2 of Fig. 1 ;
Fig. 4 is a section on the line 3, 3 of Fig. 1;
Fig. 5 is a section on the line 4, 4 of Fig. 1 ;
Fig. 6 is a plan, partly in section, on the line 5, 5 of Fig. 5;
Fig. 7 is a section on the line 6, 6 of Fig. 1;
Figs. 8 and 9 are top and back plan views of a tile detached ;
Figs. 10 and 11 are cross sections on the lines 7, 7 and 8, 8 of Fig. 8;
Figs. 12 and 13 are side and plan views of a hook for attaching the tile to the
roof framing.
A is the Hat portion of the tile, and A' the rounded part. a is a raised rim on
the side of the flat portion A. This raised rim a, as illustrated, stands obliquely
outwards to the plane of the body of the tile, and is of such a shape and height that
it can be entirely covered down to its base by the hollow arched cover A¹ of the
tile adjacent thereto. The raised rim may, if desired, stand perpendicularly to the
plane of the tile, but in that case its outer face is recessed obliquely outwards, or
undercut, in a part or parts of its length.
The proportions, as regards dimensions and shape of the tile, are so arranged and
fixed, that one tile can be laid so as to fit accurately into the end of, and overlap,
another tile (the exact counterpart of the first), to the extent of three inches (or any
desired length), measured in a line parallel to the axis of the arched portion of the
tile. Thus, it will be seen, that the widths of the flat and curved parts of the tile
vary in a manner inversely with each other; that is, where the flat part is wide, the
curved part is small, and vice versa.
The interior, or concave surface of the hollow arched portion of the tile, is
provided with one or more projections a' a', of such a size and shape, that when the
arched part of one tile is laid closely over the raised ledge or rim a of another tile

page_text: (both tiles being exact counterparts of each other), the projection or projections
abut closely up against the exterior oblique or undercut-surface or surfaces of the
raised ledge or rim a of the contiguous tile. a² is a small projection on the back of
the tile, to catch above the battens of the roof framing, as seen in the drawing.
The method of laying and fixing the tiles, thus formed, on the roof framing, so as
to form a thoroughly durable weather and storm proof covering, is as follows:-
A row of the tiles is laid on the roof framing, overlapping one another
longitudinally, in a line drawn on the roof slope at right angles to the eave of the
roof.
At the point of insertion of the lower end of the raised ledge or rim a of each tile,
into the upper end of the raised ledge, or rim of the tile underlying it, a clip b (made
of metal or other suitable material, and of such a size and shape as to clasp the
combined ledges or rims at such point (see Figs. 12 and 13), is placed over the
combined ledges or rims at that point, and pinned or screwed, or bolted, securely to
the roof framing. By this means each tile is firmly secured to the roof framing in
two places, and also to the tiles lying above and below it.
Having laid and fixed one row of tiles on the roof framing in the manner above
described, the next row is laid (each member of it overlapping one another) with the
hollow arched portion of the tiles in the second row, covering the raised ledge or
rim of the tiles in the first row. Each tile in the second row is pushed well home
laterally, until the projection or projections on the concave side of the hollow
arched portion of the tile, abut closely up against and under the exterior oblique or
undercut surface or surfaces of the raised ledge or rim a of the contiguous tile.
The clips of the second row of tiles are then secured to the roof framing (similarly
to those of the first row).
This procedure is continued until the whole surface of the roof (which it is
desired to tile) is covered over.
The above described tiles, therefore, laid and fixed in the manner set forth in the
preceding paragraphs, form a thoroughly storm-proof and durable roof-covering.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what 1
claim is :-
1. A roofing tile formed with a flat part and a rounded part, with an upstanding
oblique or undercut rim upon the flat part, and projections within the rounded part,
substantially as described and illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
2. In the format of a roof, the employment of tiles shaped as described and
illustrated, and laid together and fixed substantially as explained with reference to
the drawings.
Dated this 10th day of March 1892.
NEWTON & SON,
Agents for the Applicant.