IMPROVEMENTS IN THE to be as TREATMENT OF FIBROUS MATERIALS FOR THE PRESERVATION THEREOF follows
Year: 1884

page_text: I HEINRICH WILHELM KNEMEYER of Vard on the Jade, German Empire do
hereby declare the nature of the said invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
" to be as
TREATMENT OF FIBROUS MATERIALS FOR THE PRESERVATION THEREOF
follows:-
At present it is customary to use sulphate of copper or of zinc or soluble Copper
or zinc "soaps" for the impregnation of yarns and fabrics so as to protect the same
as much as possible against rotting or decay.
With articles which are frequently strongly washed by water, as for instance,
pressing cloths, sails, tarpaulins, blinds, fishing nets and the like the protection
obtained by impregnation with the above named substances is of relatively but
short duration. The sulphate of copper or of zinc is soon washed out by the water
and the copper or zinc "soap does not sufficiently adhere to the fibre. These
latter are moreover quite insoluble so that the antiseptic action of the copper, or
zinc becomes but slightly effective.
"
Now to obtain on the one hand a more durable antiseptic covering and on the
other hand to render the same more effective the fibres of the yarn or fabric are
endued with basic carbonate of copper or carbonate of zinc preferably by the
following process.
The yarn, fabric, or article manufactured therefrom, which it is desired to indue
with a protective covering of basic carbonate of copper or of zinc is during about
10 minutes soaked in a 4% solution of sulphate of copper or of zinc heated to
80° C; the excess of moisture is then removed by pressure.
The articles so treated are then immersed in a solution of a carbonate of soda
potassa or ammonia of strength corresponding to that of the solution of the sulphate
of copper or of zinc.
In this bath they remain for about 6 minutes and thereby a covering of basic
carbonate of copper or basic carbonate of zinc is formed on the fibres and the
letter are then again squeezed.

page_text: The above described operations are repeated several times so that the fibres may
be endued as completely as possible, and the goods so prepared are ultimately dried
by suitable apparatus.
Any convenient apparatus may be used for the impregnation. For impregnating
long lengths of fabric it is preferable to use two tanks placed side by side and so
fitted with guiding squeezing and winding rollers that the fabric drawn over and
through the rollers is repeatedly immersed in each liquid and squeezed after each
immersion.

page_text: I HEINRICH WILHELM KNEMEYER of Vard-on-the-Jade, German Empire, do
hereby declare the nature of this invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE TREATMENT
OF FIBROUS MATERIALS FOR THE PRESERVATION THEREOF "and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in
and by the following statement:—
At present it is customary to use sulphate of copper or of zinc or insoluble
copper or zinc "soaps " (Kupfer-oder Zink-Seife) for the impregnation of yarns and
fabrics so as to protect the same as much as possible against rotting or decay.
With articles which are frequently strongly washed by water, as for instance
pressing cloths, sails tarpaulins, blinds fishing nets and the like, the protection
obtained by impregnation with the above named substances is of relatively but
short duration. The sulphate of copper or of zinc is soon washed out by the
water and the copper or zinc "soap" (Kupfer-oder Zink seife) does not sufficiently
adhere to the fibre. These latter are moreover quite insoluble so that the anti-
septic action of the copper or the zinc becomes but slightly effective.
Now to obtain on the one hand a more durable antiseptic covering and on the
other hand to render the same more effective the fibres of the yarn or fabric are
endued with basic carbonate of copper or basic carbouate of zinc preferrably by
the following process.-
The yarn, fabric or article manufactured therefrom which it is desired to endue
with a protective covering of basic carbonate of copper or of zinc is during about
10 minutes soaked in a 4% solution of sulphate of copper or of zinc heated to
80° C; the excess of moisture is then removed by pressure.
The articles so treated are then immersed in a solution of a carbonate of soda
potassium or ammoniam of a strength corresponding to that of the solution of the
sulphate of copper or of zinc.
In this bath they remain for about 10 minutes and thereby a covering of basic
carbonate of copper or basic carbonate of zinc is formed on the fibres and the
latter are then again squeezed.
The above described operations are repeated several times so that the fibres may
be indued as completely as possible and the goods so prepared are ultimately dried
by suitable apparatus.
Any convenient apparatus may be used for the impregnation.
For impregnating long lengths of fabric I however prefer to use the apparatus
shewn in longitudinal section in the accompanying drawing.
It consists of two tanks or casings I and II fitted with guide rollers for the
fabric and of these tanks the first contains the solution of sulphate of copper or of
zinc the second the solution of the alkaline carbonate to be employed.
Tank I contains so much 40% solution of sulphate of copper or of zine that the
guide rollers 6 b¹ and d d in the same (which are capable of rotation) are covered
with the liquid. The fabric is rolled up on the roller a supported outside the tank
and it is thence carried over the upper guide roller b¹ passed round the first lower
guide roller b through the solution heated to 80° C. then upward over the next
upper roller b¹ back again over the next lower roller 6 and between the upper
squeezing rollers c. It is obvious that still other rollers b might be arranged so
that the goods may be thoroughly penetrated by the hot solution. The impreg-
nation with this solution is again repeated the squeezed material being led round
the roller & then over the upper roller d¹ and back again round the second roller d
so as to be freed from the excess liquor by heavy pressure between the upper

page_text: squeezing rollers e Here also a greater number of rollers d d may be used so as to
repeat the impregnation several times before squeezing.
From the squeezing rollers e the goods pass over the guide roller f¹ into the
second tank II in which is contained a solution of alkaline carbonate of a strength
corresponding to that of the solution of sulphate of copper or of zinc and heated
to 80° C.
The alternate impregnation and squeezing is here repeated similarly to what has
been above described the material passing round lower rollers fand upper rollers fl
then between squeezing rollers g being again drawn over lower rollers and upper
ones h and finally squeezed between squeezing rollers i and is ultimately wound
upon the roller k which latter may receive rotation in any convenient manner.
To facilitate the whole operation this roller k, as well as roller a receiving the
material are so arranged as to be readily interchangeable.
Comparative trials made with filter cloths of this kind and with such as were
impregnated in the manner first herein referred to, have shown that under exactly
similar conditions the former remain fit for use twice as long as the latter.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said
Invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim is
-
1. The treatment of yarn, fabrics and other textile materials and of articles
manufactured therefrom with a solution of sulphate of copper or of zinc and then
with a solution of an alkaline carbonate for the purpose of depositing a basic
metal carbonate upon the fibres substantially in the manner and for the purpose
specified.
2. The treatment of textile or fibrous material by immersing the same in a
solution of a sulphate of copper or of zinc squeezing the excess liquid out, then
immersing the article in a solution of an alkaline carbonate and again squeezing
the same and ultimately drying the article all substantially as and for the purpose
Bet forth.

page_text: I HEINRICH WILHELM KNEMEYER of Vard-on-the-Jade, German Empire, do
hereby declare the nature of this invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE TREATMENT
OF FIBROUS MATERIALS FOR THE PRESERVATION THEREOF” and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in
and by the following statement:—
At present it is customary to use sulphate of copper or of zinc or insoluble
copper or zinc "soaps" (Kupfer-oder Zink-Seife) for the impregnation of yarns and
fabrics so as to protect the same as much as possible against rotting or decay.
With articles which are frequently strongly washed by water, as for instance
pressing cloths, sails tarpaulins, blinds fishing nets and the like, the protection
obtained by impregnation with the above named substances is of relatively but
short duration. The sulphate of copper or of zinc is soon washed out by the
water and the copper or zinc "soap" (Kupfer-oder Zink seife) does not sufficiently
adhere to the fibre. These latter are moreover quite insoluble so that the anti-
septic action of the copper or the zinc becomes but slightly effective.
Now to obtain on the one hand a more durable antiseptic covering and on the
other hand to render the same more effective the fibres of the yarn or fabric are
endued with basic carbonate of copper or basic carbonate of zinc preferrably by
the following process.―
The yarn, fabric or article manufactured therefrom which it is desired to endue
with a protective covering of basic carbonate of copper or of zinc is during about
10 minutes soaked in a 4% solution of sulphate of copper or of zinc heated to
80° C; the excess of moisture is then removed by pressure.
The articles so treated are then immersed in a solution of a carbonate of soda
potassium or ammoniam of a strength corresponding to that of the solution of the
sulphate of copper or of zinc.
In this bath they remain for about 10 minutes and thereby a covering of basic
carbonate of copper or basic carbonate of zinc is formed on the fibres and the
latter are then again squeezed.
The above described operations are repeated several times so that the fibres may
be indued as completely as possible and the goods so prepared are ultimately dried
by suitable apparatus.
Any convenient apparatus may be used for the impregnation.
For impregnating long lengths of fabric I however prefer to use the apparatus
shewn in longitudinal section in the accompanying drawing.
It consists of two tanks or casings I and II fitted with guide rollers for the
fabric and of these tanks the first contains the solution of sulphate of copper or of
zine the second the solution of the alkaline carbonate to be employed.
Tank I contains so much 4% solution of sulphate of copper or of zinc that the
guide rollers b b and d d in the same (which are capable of rotation) are covered
with the liquid. The fabric is rolled up on the roller a supported outside the tank
and it is thence carried over the upper guide roller b¹ passed round the first lower
guide roller b through the solution beated to 80° C. then upward over the next
upper roller b¹ back again over the next lower roller b and between the upper
squeezing rollers c. It is obvious that still other rollers b might be arranged so
that the goods may be thoroughly penetrated by the hot solution. The impreg-
nation with this solution is again repeated the squeezed material being led round
the roller & then over the upper roller d¹ and back again round the second roller d
so as to be freed from the excess liquor by heavy pressure between the upper

page_text: squeezing rollers e Here also a greater number of rollers d d may be used so as to
repeat the impregnation several times before squeezing.
From the squeezing rollers e the goods pass over the guide roller into the
second tank II in which is contained a solution of alkaline carbonate of a strength
corresponding to that of the solution of sulphate of copper or of zinc and heated
to 80° C.
The alternate impregnation and squeezing is here repeated similarly to what has
been above described the material passing round lower rollers fand upper rollers f¹
then between squeezing rollers g being again drawn over lower rollers h and upper
ones h and finally squeezed between squeezing rollers i and is ultimately wound
upon the roller k which latter may receive rotation in any convenient manner.
To facilitate the whole operation this roller k, as well as roller a receiving the
material are so arranged as to be readily interchangeable.
Comparative trials made with filter cloths of this kind and with such as were
impregnated in the manner first herein referred to, have shown that under exactly
similar conditions the former remain fit for use twice as long as the latter.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said
Invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim is
-
1. The treatment of yarn, fabrics and other textile materials and of articles
manufactured therefrom with a solution of sulphate of copper or of zinc and then
with a solution of an alkaline carbonate for the purpose of depositing a basic
metal carbonate upon the fibres substantially in the manner and for the purpose
specified.
2. The treatment of textile or fibrous material by immersing the same in a
solution of a sulphate of copper or of zinc squeezing the excess liquid out, then
immersing the article in a solution of an alkaline carbonate and again squeezing
the same and ultimately drying the article all substantially as and for the purpose
şet forth.