CERTAIN IMPROVE MENTS IN LOCOMOTIVE, MARINE, AND STATIONARY STEAM ENGINES, AND IN HYDRAULIC AND PNEWMATIC ENGINES
Year: 1849

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, GEORGE
REMINGTON, of Warkworth, in the County of Northumberland, Civil Engineer,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her present most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Royal Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date the
Seventeenth day of April, in the twelfth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her
heirs and successors, give and graut unto me, the said George Remington,
my exors, adñiors, and assigns, Her special permission, license, and full power,
sole privilege and authority, that I, the said George Remington, my exors,
adñiors, and assigns, and such others as I, the said George Remington, my
exors, admors, or assigns, should at any time appoint or agree with, and no
others, from time to time and at all times during the term of fourteen years
therein mentioned, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend,
within that part of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland called
England, Her Dominion of Wales, and Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, and in
the Islands of Jersey, Guernsey, Alderney, Sark, and Man, and also in all Her
Majesty's Colonies and Plantations abroad, my Invention of "CERTAIN IMPROVE
MENTS IN LOCOMOTIVE, MARINE, AND STATIONARY STEAM ENGINES, AND IN HYDRAULIC
AND PNEWMATIC ENGINES;" in which said Letters Patent is contained a proviso
obliging me, the said George Remington, by an instrument in writing under
my hand and seal, particularly to describe and ascertain the nature of my said
Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, and to cause the
same to be enrolled in Her Majesty's High Court of Chancery within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent,
as in and by the same, reference being thereunto had, will more fully appear.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
George Remington, do hereby declare that the nature of my said Invention
consists of the following improvements in locomotive, marine, and stationary
steam engines, and in hydraulic and pnewmatic engines, that is to say:-
First, an improved machinery for the conversion of reciprocating rectilinear
force or motion into a continuous rotatory motion, so as thereby to turn a shaft
or axle with a continuous motion, or vice versa, for the conversion of a con-
tinuous rotatory force or motion-into a reciprocating rectilinear motion, whereby
the said machinery of such engines is simplified, and the cost of construction
proportionably lessened.
Secondly, improvements in the mode of forming and constructing such
engines, so that the motion of the piston may be communicated to the crank
or crank pin by means of a vibrating rod, without the use of a pipe attached
to and moving with the piston on what is usually called the hollow piston rod
or trunk.
Thirdly, improvements in the mode of forming and constructing a double engine.
Fourthly, an improved valve for steam engines.
. Fifthly, improvements in the mode of working and form of valve gearing for
steam engines.
Sixthly, improved arrangements of other parts of marine steam engines.
And, seventhly, improvements in oscilating steam engines, whether used for
marine, locomotive, or stationary purposes.
.
And in further compliance with the said proviso, I, the said George
Remington, do hereby describe the manner in which the first part of my said
Invention is to be performed, by the following statement thereof, reference
being had to the Diagrams herein contained, and to the Drawings contained in
the fifth skin hereto annexed, and to the figures and letters marked thereon,
that is to say
If a hollow pipe or cylinder be cut by a plane at right angles to the centrál
axis, the two cut surfaces will each represent a circle, and the edges or thick-
ness of the pipe will in every part be at right angles to the axis, but if the
cylinder or pipe be cut by a plane varying from a right angle to the central axis,
as in the line a, b, of the
Diagram No. 1.
the edges of the pipe so cut will not be at right angles to the central axis, but
they may be so cut or formed by other lines as to produce two curved cylindrical
wedges in every respect similar the one to the other, as here shewn by the

page_text: inside of a pipe or cylinder in a line varying from a right angle to the
axis, and the opposite sides of the groove may be parallel to each other; and
again, a parallel groove may be formed round the outside of a pipe, cylinder, or
axle, and the opposite sides of the groove be parallel to each other, and the
grooves thus formed being pressed against a stud or lever fitting the groove,
will move the lever in like manner as a wedge would. Now by availing myself
of the effect of the machinery thus arranged, and of the sliding motion of a
stud pin or lever along a plane thus obtained, and by a due combination of
these cylindrical wedges, grooves, and stud levers, I have invented the following
improvements in those parts of the machinery of locomotive, marine, and
stationary steam engines, and in hydraulic and pneumatic engines, which are
required to convert reciprocating rectilinear force or motion into a continuous
rotatory motion, and vice versa; that is to say :-
Drawing No. 1, contained in the fifth skin hereof, represents an axle marked
A, A, with a lever stud or pin marked 7 projecting therefrom.
Drawing No. 2 represents an axle marked A, A, which passes through the
pipe c, d, the one fitting the other all round. a, b, is a continuous groove formed
round the inside of the pipe into which the lever stud or pin projects from
the axle. If the axle A, A, be supported on proper bearings, and if the pipe
c, d, be moved in a straight line along the axle, the groove a, b, will press upon
the stud pin or lever l, and if a reciprocating motion be given to the pipe c, d,
the axle will be made to revolve.
Drawings Nos. 3 and 4 represent an engine according to this plan. A, A,
is the axle or working shaft; C, C, the cylinder; P, P, the piston; W¹, W',
the pipe, with the groove a, b, inside, the same as last described, the part
colored red showing the thickness remaining where the groove is formed, or
the parts W', W, may be formed separately, and placed within a pipe like that
shewn in red, and fixed so as to leave the groove a, b, between them for the
passage of the stud pin or lever. Steam or other pressure being alternately
applied to the opposite side of the piston which is attached to the pipe W', W³,
the latter being guided by means of the cross heads X', X', working in parallel
guides 9, 9, shewn in Drawing No. 4, the shaft A, A, and fly wheel F will
be made to revolve by the reciprocating motion of the piston and pipe in
which the groove is formed. In this arrangement the pipe in which the
is formed extends through both ends of the cylinder, and work in stuffing boxes,
groove

page_text: and
by which means there may be two cross heads, one at each end of the pipe, to
guide it and the piston, so as to make them move in a straight line; but an
engine may be constructed as shewn in Drawing No. 5, the axle working
through both ends of the cylinder, but the pipe W', W, only through one end.
What has been said applies more particularly to the use of the groove
stud or lever, but it must be clear also that the cylindrical wedges herein-before
described, and more fully illustrated by the Diagrams Nos. 1 and 2, and by the
Drawings Nos. 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 18, and 14, may also be employed, as
herein-after described, to obtain continuous rotatory motion from reciprocating
rectilinear motion.
In Drawings No. 6 and 7 the letters W', W, W³, represent three cylindrical
wedges; the middle one W, is double, that is to say, is wedge-shaped at both
ends. If the axle A, A, be set upon proper bearings, and the wedges W³, W³,
be fixed to the axle in the position shewn, and if the wedge W² be made to
slide in a straight line, it will impinge upon the sides of the fixed wedges, and
cause the shaft to revolve.
Drawings Nos. 8 and 9 represent another arrangement, the opposite sides
of the middle wedge being parallel to each other.
Drawing No. 10 is a combination of wedge and lever or stud, the reciproca-
ting motion of the piston alternately pressing the wedges against the levers 1, 1ª.
Drawing No. 11 represents a series of wedges fixed upon the axle parallel
to each other, leaving spaces or grooves between them to admit of as many
stud pins or levers, which, instead of being fixed to the axle, may be fixed to
the piston or to the pipe working over the wedges.
Drawing No. 12 represents another form. There are two wedges W, W³,
fixed on the axle, the one the reverse of the other, by the employment of which
an axle may be made to turn one revolution by a single stroke of the piston,
the reversed stroke producing another revolution.
Drawings Nos. 13 and 14 represent other forms of grooved axles.
Drawings Nos. 15 and 16 represent an engine by which the rotatory motion
is obtained by the use of the wedges. A, A, is the axle; W, W, W³, the
wedges through which the axle passes, the whole being turned or formed exactly
to fit. The wedge W is fixed to the pipe shewn in red, or it is formed with
the pipe. The wedges W¹ and Ws are fixed upon the axle in the manner
shewn in the Drawing, but the wedge W and pipe tinted red, to which the
piston P¹, P¹, is attached, are not fixed to the axle, but are constrained to move
in a straight line by means of the guides 9, 9, cross heads a, a, a, a, also
shewn in Drawing No. 16, which is a plan of Drawing No. 15. Steam being
alternately admitted on both sides of the piston P', P', .the wedge W impinges

page_text: first on one fixed wedge and then on the other by the reciprocation of the
piston, and thereby causes the axle and fly wheel F to revolve. A, A, is the axle;
C, C, the cylinder; t, t, colored red the pipe to the inside of which the wedge W2
is fixed, and which slides over the wedges W, W; P', P', the piston; e, e, packing
at ends of cylinder, through which the axle passes; V, V, valve chest; S', S³,
feed and ejection pipe; ff, starting and reversing gear for the valves.
The foregoing improvement in the method of obtaining continuous rotatory
motion from a reciprocating rectilinear motion is specially applicable to the
turning of the screw propeller for steam vessels, as it admits of the machinery
being placed below the water line of the vessel; and I claim the Invention not
only as applicable to such purposes, and in the forms and machinery hercin-
before described, but also as applicable to any part of an engine, whether loco-
motive, marine, or stationary, and whether driven by steam, hydraulic, or
pnewmatic power, where such conversion of motion is required; and it being
evident that a reciprocating rectilinear motion or force may be obtained from a
continuous rotatory motion by adopting the use of the lever or stud fitting a
groove in the axle moved, or by the use of the cylindrical wedges, grooves, and
stud levers herein-before described, I claim the said Invention as an improved
method of obtaining reciprocating rectilinear motion from a continuous rotatory
motion in the converse of the arrangements before described, and for any of
the purposes herein-before mentioned.
And in further compliance with the said proviso, I, the said George
Remington, do hereby describe the manner in which the second part of my
said Invention is to be performed, by the following statement thereof, referenco
being had to the Drawings contained in the sixth skin hereto annexed, and to
the figures and letters marked thereon, that is to say: —
The mode of forming and constructing engines so that the motion of the
piston may be communicated to the crank or crank pin by a vibrating rod,
without the use of a pipe attached to and moving with the piston, or what is
commonly called the hollow piston rod or trunk, is shewn by Drawings Nos. 17,
18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, and 28. In Drawings Nos. 17, 18,
and 19, the letters c, c, c, represent different views of a cylinder. P¹, P¹, P¹, a
piston; K, K, K, a crank; P, P, P, the crank pin; R, R, R, a vibrating rod
which is attached to the piston by means of a spindle t, t, t, and also to the
crank pin P, P, P, so as it may vibrate with the reciprocating motion of the
piston P', P, P. Through the top or end of the cylinder there is an opening
in the cover for the passage of the connecting rod R, R, R, which opening is
of sufficient length to allow the rod to vibrate. The opening is marked 0, 0, 0,
on Drawings No. 17 and 18, and is tinted green; the part marked S, S, S,

page_text: tinted blue, is a flat plate or slide, having a gland and stuffing box S¹, S¹, S¹,
also tinted blue, attached to it, so as to move with the slide or flat plate S, S, S,
which always keeps the opening in the end or top of the cylinder covered;
I, I, I, I, I, I, is a globe which is half let into the gland S', S', S', but is free
to move in a cup formed in the gland. The connecting rod R, R, R, passes
through the centre of the globe, and the plate S³, S2, S3, tinted yellow, is screwed
down upon the gland so as to keep the globe in the cup, and make the joint
steam-tight. The inside of the globe is also provided with packing fitting close
round the connecting rod R, R, R. The slide works in a box B', B', B', B', B', B',
and there is an opening in the top of the box, as shewn by S, S, Drawing
No. 20, through which the gland stuffing box and connecting rod passes.
Drawing No. 17 shews the engine at full stroke, and the slide, gland, cup,
and globe and connecting rod in the centre of the cylinder.
Drawing No. 18 shews the piston at half stroke, and the slide, gland, cup,
and globe at the end of the slide box B¹.
Drawing No. 19 is a view at right angles to No. 17, and shews the ends of
the slides S, S, S, S, and slide box B', B', the crank K, the shaft A, and
bearings B².
Drawing No. 20 is a plan shewing the end or top of the cylinder and cover.
The part tinted blue is the upper part of the slide seen through the opening in
the top of the box; the part tinted red, the top of the globe; the part tinted
yellow, the top of the plate S³.
Drawings Nos. 21, 22, 23, and 24 represent an engine upon the same
principle as the last, but instead of the opening in the end or top of the cylinder
through which the connecting rod R, R, R, passes being covered by a flat plate
or slide, the opening is covered by a cylindrical plug, and instead of the slide
box B, B, B, which is fixed or attached to the cylinder cover, being flat, it is in
the form of a hollow pipe, with a slit or opening in the under side, and another
slit or opening in the upper side for the passage of the connecting rod R, R, R,
the plug S, S, S, S, S, S, just fitting the pipe, but free to move therein. In the
centre of the plug there is formed a vibrating gland and stuffing box S¹, S¹, S¹,
tinted yellow, the centre of vibration being parrellel with the transverse axis of
the plug S, S, S, S. The part marked g,g, and tinted red, is a spindle, to
which the gland S, S, is attached, and S, S, S³, is the packing. The connecting
rod R, R, R, passes through the middle of the spindle g, g, and is made steam-
tight by means of the packing plate Se, S*, S. These latter Drawings respec-
tively shew similar views of an engine to Drawings Nos. 17, 18, 19, and 20,
and similar Figures represent similar parts of an engine.
Drawings Nos. 25, 26, and 27, represent another mode of covering the

page_text: opening in the end or top of the cylinder cover, through which the connecting
rod R, R, passes; in these the opening is covered by a slide, as in the first
arrangement, but instead of there being a cup and globe joint, there is a
carriage attached to the upper part of the slide, having a vibrating plug or
spindle, through which the connecting rod R, R, R, passes, and there is a gland
S', S, S', and packing S2, S3, S, for the purpose of making the passage of the
connecting rod R, R, R, steam, water, or air tight. These Drawings also shew
the same relative views of an engine as the Drawings Nos. 17, 18, and 19,
and similar figures refer to similar parts herein-before described.
Drawing No. 28 represents my further improvements in engines of the
foregoing class. C is a cylinder; P, P', a piston, having a plate P' covering
the whole area, and another plate P, in which there is an opening for the
connecting rod R, one end of the rod R is connected to the crank pin P and
crank K, the other end of the rod is connected to the box or brasses B by
means of the spindle P³; O is a groove or space formed between the two
plates P, P, of the piston, and the B of which only one is shewn, are made
to fit the groove or opening, and in which they slide as the piston reciprocates
in the cylinder; S', S2, is a gland and stuffing box, which oscillates on a fixed
centre, there being no slide on the top end or cover of the cylinder, as in the
foregoing arrangements. The glands and stuffing box through which the
piston rod passes is shewn at its greatest oscillation, and the piston at half
stroke, but when the piston is at the end of its stroke all the moving centres
will be in a line together with the connecting rod, crank, gland, and stuffing
box.
In some cases it may be adviseable to place the cylinders horizontal, or at
an angle with the vertical line, and in some cases, particularly for locomotive'
engines, it may be adviseable to have two connecting rods, one passing through
each end of the cylinder, and working two separate cranks or sets of wheels;
the rods may be attached to the opposite side of the same piston, or there may
be two pistons in the same cylinder to which the cranks may be respectively
attached by their respective connecting rods.
I claim the arrangement of engines herein described, and the mode of
making the opening or passage in the end, top, or cover of the cylinder through
which the piston rod passes, steam, air, or water tight, by means of a sliding
plate or cylindrical plug.
I claim the use of a vibrating gland and stuffing box, and the means
described of providing for the vibration of the connecting rod in its passage
through the top end or cover of the cylinder.
And in further compliance of the said proviso, I, the said George Remington,

page_text: do hereby describe the manner in which the third part of my said invention is
to be performed, by the following statement thereof, reference being had to the
Drawings contained in the seventh skin hereto annexed, and to the figures and
letters marked thereon, that is to say :-
My Improvements, or mode of forming a double engine, may be described
as follows:-
Drawings Nos. 29 and 30 represent the section of a double engine; C is a
cylinder placed inside and concentric with another cylinder C², C²; P¹ is a
piston just fitting the space or annulus formed between the outside of the small
cylinder and the inside of the large cylinder, with pistons being made steam,
air, or water tight by packing. To the piston P' of the small cylinder a con-
necting rod R', R', is attached, as described in the preceding Drawings, from
No. 17 to No. 28 inclusive, the other end of the rod is attached to the crank
pin and crank K¹, K; and there are similar connecting rods R², R³, attached
the ring piston P³, P³, the opposite ends of which pass through the ends or top
of the cylinder, and are attached respectively to the cranks K, K, K³, K,
which cranks are set at right angles or nearly at right angles to the crank K',
so that when the piston P' is at full stroke, or at the bottom of the cylinder C',
the piston P³ is at half stroke, or the middle of the cylinder C². The superficial
area of the pistons being nearly equal, nearly uniform force will be produced
through a revolution. The opening in the end, top, or cover of the cylinder, for
the passage of the connecting rods R', R', R, are covered, as shewn and
described in Drawings Nos. 21, 22, 23, and 24, but they may be as described
in Drawing No. 81, which also represents a double engine, the opening for the
connecting rod being covered, as shewn in Drawings Nos. 25, 26, and 27. In
this Drawing, No. 31, R', R³, R', represent the connecting rods; P', P', the
piston; K', K', K³, K, K³, K³, the cranks; A, A, the axle; C', C, the
cylinders; S, S, S, slides covering the opening in the cover of the cylinder through
which the piston rod passes; S', S', S', gland; S', S, S', packing; 9, 9, 9, spindle
through which the connecting rod passes; B, B, B, slide box; B, B2, B3, B³,
bearings.
Drawing No. 32 represents a single engine, in which there is a double
cylinder, one placed within the other, as in the last arrangement, with a ring
piston P, P, working outside the small cylinder and inside the large cylinder;
steam or motive force is only admitted into the large cylinder alternately, on
both sides of the piston P³, P³, and there are four piston rods, R, R³, the
other two are not shewn, set at equal distances round the circle, and working
through fixed glands and stuffing boxes in the ordinary way. The piston rods
take hold of a ring or plate R, R°, and from this ring or plate a pipe P³, Ps,

page_text: depends or is attached, and to the opposite end of the pipe there is a piston
P₁ fitting the small cylinder C; the connecting rod R is attached to the
centre of the middle piston P' by means of the spindle t, and the other end of
the rod is attached to the crank pin P and crank K. B is the bearing of the
axle A; the connecting rod R works through an opening or slit in the ring
or plate Re, Ro.
I claim the arrangement of a double engine, as shewn by Drawings
Nos. 29, 30, 31, and 32, and the application of two cylinders, placed one within
the other, with a piston working inside the small cylinder, and another ring
piston working and filling the space or annulus formed between the inside of
the large cylinder and the outside of the small cylinder, whether the two
cylinders be made separate or in one, and used for the purpose of locomotive,
marine, and stationary steam engines, or for hydraulic and pnewmatic engines.
I also claim the arrangement of a double engine, when two independent.
cylinders or engines are employed, as herein-before described.
And in further compliance with the said proviso, I, the said George Reming-
ton, do hereby describe the manner in which the fourth part of my said Inven-
tion is to be performed, by the following statement thereof, reference being
had to the Drawings contained in the seventh skin hereto annexed, and to the
figures and letters marked thereon, that is to say :-
My improved valve for steam engines of either kind before mentioned is
shewn by the Drawings¡ No. 33, 34, and 35, and is described as follows:-a, b, c, d,
Drawing No. 33, is a ring collar, or cylinder without a bottom, but close
covered at the top, the ring is divided across its diameter by the partition a,c,
and forms the valve e,f; g, h, Drawing No. 34, is another box or cylinder,
divided equally into four parts by the partition s, shewn by the dotted lines
crossing the circle from one side to the other; this latter is close covered at the
bottom, and the top is also covered with a plate which is ground on the face,
and having the holes S¹, S³, S, S', communicating each with the separate
partition shewn by the dotted lines which divide the steam chest.
Drawing No. 35 is a section of the steam chest and collar, taken through the.
lines j, k, and l,m, respectively. The centre C³ of the collar, the collar or cylinder
shewn in Drawing No. 33, with its open bottom downwards, is placed to the
centre of the box or steam chest C, so that the partition a, c, may cover the
space marked between the red lines e, g; n', n², in Drawing No. 35, is a box
covering the whole. The valve rod passes from the centre C, to which it is
attached, through a stuffing box o', o', formed on the outer cover. m is the
inlet pipe; 1, the outlet pipe; p leads to one end of the cylinder, and 7 to the
other end. The inlet steam is tinted blue, the outlet steam red, and steam is

page_text: allowed to fill the shaded space t, t, for the purpose of counteracting the force
of the steam under the valve a, b, c, d, and to keep it down upon the ground
face of the steam chest e, f, g,h, but in lieu of steam a spring or other pressure
may be used. All things being in the position shewn, the steam will come
from the boiler up to the port S, and will go down the port S to the pipe 1,
which leads to one side of the piston, at the same time the waste steam will
come up S², from the other side of the piston, and will go down S', and away.
If now the lever, u, which is fixed to the valve rod W, be turned so as to shift
the valve, and place the partition a, c, so as to cover the space between the blue
lines f, h, Drawing No. 34, then the steam will come up Ss as before, but will
go down S to the opposite side of the piston, and the waste steam at the
same time will come up S', and will go down S' as before, thus the collar or
valve may be worked by vibrating motion, rotatory motion, or rectilinear motion,
and a great advantage is gained over the present slide valve, inasmuch as
there is but one flat surface to make steam-tight round the edge of the ring,
collar, or valve, and the edge of partition by which it is divided, and steam or
other force being admitted on the upper and under sides of this valve it will
move under less pressure.
I therefore claim this improved valve as applied to locomotive, marine, and
stationary steam engines of any kind.
And in further compliance with the said proviso, I, the said George Re-
mington, do hereby describe the manner in which the fifth part of my said
Invention is to be performed, by the following statement thereof, reference
being had to the Drawings contained in the seventh skin hereto annexed, and
to the figures and letters marked thereon, that is to say:―
My improvement in the mode of working, and in the form of valve gearing
for engines, consist in the application of the groove and wedge herein-before
described, and is explained as follows, having reference to the Drawings
No. 36 and 37 contained in the said seventh skin hereof, namely:-In these
Drawings A, A, represent an axle or working shaft. g, a groove formed, as
described in the first part of my Invention, obliquely round the axle. The
part colored red, marked c; is a collar just fitting the axle, the obliquity of the
groove forming a right angle to the centre of the axle is equivalent to the
amount of stroke required or movement of the slide valve. d, d, tinted
yellow, is another collar just fitting the first, and from it projects a pin P,
which passes through a slit formed half way more or less round the collar
At right angles to the axis the pin projects into the groove g. Now, if
a rotatory motion be given to the axle A, A, and the collar c and d be guided
so as not to turn with it, the action of the groove upon the pin P, and, the
C, C.

page_text: guides g³, g³, will cause the collar to move in a straight line, or to reciprocate
backwards and forwards, and the rods, c³, and c', which are attached to c,
will impart the same motion to the valves. The outer collar d, to which the
pin is attached, if turned half round by the wheel w¹, w³, or otherwise, will
shift the pin to the opposite side of the groove, and reverse the motion of the
valve and of the engine. It will readily be seen that the same object may be
attained by fixing a collar, with a groove in it, upon the axle, and the same if
the pin be fixed to the axle and the groove formed in the collar, and that the
Invention may be otherwise arranged. It will also be seen that a very simple
gearing for working engines expansively is effected by this Invention, for,
instead of making the groove g at right angles to the axis all round, the angle
may be varied; part of the groove may be at right angles to the axis, and part
at a different angle, thereby giving a pause or rest to the valve in one part of
the revolution of the shaft, or, instead of the centres of the groove being in a
plane, it may be in a curve.
I therefore claim the arrangements herein explained and the use of a con-
tinuous groove formed round the working shaft, together with the projecting
pin or stud, whether the pin be attached to the outer collars, and the groove'
be formed in the axle, or outside a collar fixed upon the axle, or whether the
pin be fixed to the axle and the groove be formed in the moving collar.
And in further compliance with the said proviso, I, the said George Reming-
ton, do hereby describe the manner in which the sixth part of my said Invention
is to be performed, by the following statement thereof, reference being had to
the Drawings contained in the eighth skin hereto annexed; and to the figures
and letters marked thereon, that is to say :-
This part of my Invention consists of an improved arrangement of other
parts of the engine, and do not so much refer to the improvements licrein-
before described, but more to the disuse of the connecting rods in engines
where rotatory motion is obtained by the crank; and in lieu of the connecting
rod I propose by this part of my Invention to make the cylinder move or
reciprocate to the motion of the crank.
Drawing No. 88 represents an elevation of an engine taken across the boat,
and No. 89 an elevation lengthways of the boat. Here there are two shafts
or axles A', A1, A2, A3, each provided with cranks K', K', K², K³, K³, K³, K*, K';
the cranks K' and K² are set at right angles to the cranks K³ and K*; C' and
C are two cylinders; W, W³, W³, W*, are wheels or rollers attached to the
sides of the cylinders, and 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, are parallel guides along which
the wheels may roll. Both cylinders are provided with a piston rod 'P', P
The piston is of the ordinary description, but the piston rod, instead of passing'

page_text: through one end only of the cylinder, passes through both ends (or the piston
rods may be separately attached to the piston); one end of the rod is attached
to the crank K, K', the other to the crank K, K, and on the other cylinder
one end of the piston rod is attached to the crank K, K³, the other to the
crank K, K. The piston in the cylinder C¹ is shown at full stroke upwards,
the piston in the C at half stroke. Now it is evident that if steam or other
motive force be applied, the piston rods will move in a parallel line from one
side of the shafts to the other according to the throw of the cranks, and the
cylinders will move upon the friction whicels or rollers backwards and forwards
along the guides I, I, I, I, I, I, I, g, which are for the purpose of preventing
the cylinders from lifting. S1, S2, S3, are the steam pipes which slide into
other fixed pipes by the motion of the cylinders. Instead of the friction
wheels, the cylinder may be guided in a straight line by means of blocks or
brasses.
Drawings No. 40 and 41 illustrate another arrangement of this part of my
Invention; but in this engine there is no necessity for more than two cranks,
one upon the upper
and one upon the lower shaft, because, in order to keep up
the rotatory motion of the shaft, only one of the cylinders moves or reciprocate,
the other being fixed, as shewn. Cis the moving cylinder; the red lines
represent the wheels or rollers on which it moves. K³, K, are the cranks.
The piston rod P¹, P³, passes through the cylinder C¹ as before described, and
the opposite cranks are connected to it. C² is the fixed cylinder, with an
ordinary piston rod marked P³; the outer end is attached to the cylinder C¹.
When the piston rod P¹, P, in the cylinder C', is at half stroke, the piston
rod in the cylinder C is at full stroke, so that at the same time the piston rod
P¹, P, is giving motion to the crank, the piston rod P³ is giving motion to the
cylinder C¹, and carries the crank over the centres equally as if there were
two sets of cranks, and the one at right angles to the other. S¹, S2, are the
steam pipes, A¹, A³, axles, 9, 9, 9, are the guides.
Drawings Nos. 42 and 43 represent another engine in which the same prin-
ciple is involved; but instead of the moving cylinders being placed vertical
they are horizontal. No. 42 is an elevation across the boat, No. 43 an elevation
lengthways of the boat. There are three axles A¹, A³, A³. A' and A³ occupy
the same plane. A³ occupies a point equidistant above them, and is for the
purpose of carrying the paddle wheels, by which means the weight of machinery
is kept below the water line. The connecting rod B' connects the crank K'
with the crank K²; the connecting rod B connects the crank K³ to K2; the
connecting rod B³ connects the crank K* to K³, and the connecting rod B*
connects the crank K to K³, so that the connecting rods B¹ and B, and the

page_text: piston rod P¹ and P2, form an isoceles triangle of which the piston rod is the
base, and the same with the connecting rods B³, B', and the piston rods P³, P*.
The cylinder C' is shewn at full stroke, the cylinder C² at half stroke. 9, I, I, I,
are the guides for guiding the cylinder in a straight line, and the friction rollers
are shewn by the red circles. S¹, S³, are the steam pipes; B³, B6, B7, B³, are
the bearings.
I claim the application of all the arrangements herein last explained, and
the application of one or both cylinders moving or reciprocating in a straight
line or in straight lines to the motion of the cranks, thereby superseding the
necessity of connecting rods between the piston rods and crank pins. This
part of my improvement in the arrangement of parts of marine engines is
further described by Drawings Nos. 44 and 45, and contained in the eighth
skin hereof, which differ from the last described by both cylinders being fixed.
In Drawings Nos. 44 and 45 the cylinders are placed horizontal, as shewn by
C and C. There is a single piston in each, and the piston rod passes through
both ends. There are three axles working shafts A, A, and A³. A¹ and A³
are in the same plane; A³ is the paddle wheel shaft. There are three sets of
cranks, K', K, K³, K, K, K. The cranks of the three shafts are connected
together by the rods B1, B2, B3, B4, as in the description of Drawing No.
The ends of the piston rods P1, P2, are connected to the opposite cranks by
connecting rods R', R², in the ordinary way. B5, B6, B', B³, are the bearings;
9.9.9.9. guides. The motion of the piston may be communicated to the
cranks K, K³, K, K, in the manner shewn by Drawings referred to in the
second part of my Invention, by forming openings in the cylinder covers, and
covering the same by slide, thus connecting each of the cranks to the piston by
single vibrating rods.
In most cases, instead of the cranks being attached to each other by one
axle, they may be separate from each other, or levers may be attached to the
end of a strait shaft. The chief advantages of these latter arrangements
consist in placing the weight of machinery below the water line; and I claim
the improvements described.
And in further compliance with the said proviso, I, the said George Reming-
ton, do hereby describe the manner in which the seventh part of my Invention
is to be performed, by the following statement thereof, reference being had to
the Drawings contained in the ninth skin hereto annexed, and to the figures
and letters marked thereon, that is to say :-
This part of my Invention is an improvement in oscilating engines, and
consists in doing away with the hollow trunion, and centering the cylinder on

page_text: solid trunions, pivots, or bearings, whereby the friction will be considerably
reduced.
Drawings No. 46 and 47 represent an engine of this description. Drawing
No. 46 is a section, and Drawing No. 47 an elevation. C, C, is the cylinder;
P¹, the piston; R, R, the piston rod; K, K, K, the crank; and P, the crank
pin. S¹, S¹, the gland and stuffing box fixed in the ordinary way to the cover
of the cylinder. B, B, are the bearings; C, C; are the solid trunions, pivots,
or centres, which project from the bearings into the opposite sides of the cylin-
der, so that the latter will be balanced thereon; but the solid trunions or
centres may be attached to the cylinder, and work in the bearings B, B.
S, S³, S, S³, S, S7, are steam or feed and exhaust pipes jointed at the points
Ï³‚³‚³‚Ì‚Ï³‚º, so as to vibrate to the oscillation of the cylinder. If S³, S³, S*,
be the inlet pipe, S³, S", S7, will be the outlet or exhaust pipe. The inlet pipe
is attached to the valve box V, and the outlet to the box V, which communi-
cates with the valve box by means of the hollow belt V³.
Drawing No. 48 is another arrangement, the chief difference being, that both
inlet and outlet steam pipes are on the same side of the cylinder, but only one
is shewn. The cylinder is centred, as before described, and the same letters
and figures relate to similar parts; and in each of these cases there may be
two pistons in the same cylinder, with piston rods projecting and working
simultaneously through both ends, and working two separate and opposite
cranks, the cylinder being balanced as a beam, as described in the Specifica-
tion to my Patent, dated Seventeenth day of August, One thousand eight
hundred and forty-six, but working on solid trunions or centres.
Drawing No. 49 is another arrangement of an oscilating engine. In this
the cylinder is inverted, and is centred upon the crank pin. The same letters
and figures refer to this as the foregoing, with the exception that, instead of a
crank, there is a pair of wheels W* fixed concentric to the axle, and the crank
pins project from the sides of the wheels. C is a fixed centre to which the
piston rod is attached, but free to vibrate thereon. It will thus be seen that.
as the piston moves by the force of steam or other power, it will give motion
to the crank and axle, and at the same time the piston rod and piston will
vibrate thereto on the centre C³.
Drawings No. 50 and No. 51 represent my further improvements in oscil-
lating engines. The cylinder is inverted, as in the last-described Drawing,
and centred on the crank pin. There are two hollow piston rods R', R³,
working on fixed centres C³, C²; the one is for the purpose of conveying steam
or other fluid force to the cylinder, the other is for the purpose of ejection.

page_text: These hollow rods or pipes are attached to the piston, which latter is also
hollow, and made the steam chest and valve box. The valves which are con-
tained in the piston P¹ may be of the description described by Drawing No. 35,
or they may be ordinary slide valves. P is a pipe attached to the piston, and
working through a gland and stuffing box S³ at the top of the cylinder, and
through this pipe there is a rod passing down to the valve, whereby the latter
is regulated, or this pipe may pass out at the lower end of the cylinder, or, the
valve rod may be attached to the valve without the pipe P. In this case, as
in the latter, I have preferred a pair of wheels fixed concentric to the axle
A, A, with crank pins projecting excentric from the sides, and the crank pins
or pivots C², C, may work freely in the sides of the cylinder, or they may be
attached to the cylinder, and work freely in the wheels or cranks, if cranks be
employed.
I claim all the foregoing improvements in oscillating engines:
I claim the mode of centring the cylinder on solid trunions, pivots, or centres :
I claim the use of the jointed steam pipes or arms, as applied to oscilating
engines:
I claim the use of the fixed vibrating piston rod and piston; and the conver-
sion of these latter respectively into the feed and exhaust pipes:
I claim the mode of placing the valves for regulating the supply and
discharge of steam to the cylinder within the piston;
And I claim the mode of centring the cylinder upon the crank pin.
And now, finally, and besides the claims herein-before stated,―
I claim, first, all the arrangements of locomotive, marine, and stationary
steam engines, hydraulic and pneumatic engines, herein-before described, and
illustrated by the Drawings Nos. 1 to 51 inclusive.
Secondly, I claim the exclusive use of the endless groove formed round the
inside or outside of a hollow pipe or cylinder, oblique or acute, to the central
axis or outside of a solid axle, whether the pipe be cylindrical or any other
curvilineal figure; also the use of a series of grooves or endless-raised threads
formed round the inside or outside of a pipe or cylinder, or round a solid axle,
when the same are applied to a lever, stud, or pin, or to a series of levers,
studs, or pins, projecting from the sides of an axle or shaft, or from a piston
or from the outer casing formed round the axle or shaft, whether the same be
applied inside a cylinder or outside or otherwise, not only as described by the
Drawings, but in any other manner, for the purpose of obtaining continuous
rotatory motion from rectilinear reciprocating motion, or, vice versa, for obtain-
ing reciprocating rectilinear motion from a continuous rotatory motion.
Thirdly, I claim the exclusive use of the cylindrical wedges herein-before

page_text: described for the purpose of obtaining continuous rotatory motion from recti-
linear reciprocating motion, or, vice versa, for obtaining reciprocating rectilinear
motion from a continuous rotatorv motion.
Fourthly, I claim the application of a slide for the purpose of covering the
opening on the end of the cylinder through which the connecting rod passes
from the piston to the crank, and thus making the passage steam, air, or water
tight, so that the steam, air, or water may be applied on both sides of the
piston, and the connecting road allowed to vibrate; also, the use of a vibrating
gland and stuffing box, whether the centre of oscillation be in the slide or on
the end of the cylinder or cover of the cylinder.
Fifthly, I claim the several arrangements for double engines herein-before
described.
Sixthly, I claim the valves and valve gearing herein-before described.
Seventhly, I claim the arrangements in engines herein-before described for
the disuse of the connecting rods in engine where rotatory motion is obtained
by the crank.
And, lastly, I claim the improvements in the mode of forming oscillating
engines, as herein-before described, and the adoption of solid trunions or
bearings, and the use of hollow piston rods.
In witness whereof, I, the said George Remington, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Thirteenth day of October, One thousand eight
hundred and forty-nine.
GEORGE (L.S.) REMINGTON.
Signed, sealed, and delivered by the within-named
George Remington, in the presence of
JOHN CLAYTON,
A Master Extraordinary in Chancery.
Enrolled the Fifteenth day of October, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and forty-nine.