matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PAPER AND PASTEBOARD
Year: 1854

page_text: by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Auguste Edouard Loradoux Bellford
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
2nd December 1854.-A communication.
I, AUGUSTE EDOUARD LORADOUX BELLFORD, Patent Agent, of 16, Castle
Street, Holborn (City), London, & now of 29, Boulevart St. Martin, Paris,
Empire of France, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PAPER AND PASTEBOARD to be as
follows:-
These improvements consist in applying to the manufacture of paper and
pasteboard the following substances, which have not been used before in the
same, viz:-The down or cotton gathered from thistles of any kind, and also
the plants known by the generic names of moss and lichen; for this purpose,
these substances are subjected to a proper washing process, and then disinte-
grated by any suitable mechanical action. As to the thistle down, I treat it
in a close digester, where it is exposed to the action of steam until all the
useless matter is dissolved or separated. The matter having been thus treated
in the way indicated is bleached, and consecutively converted into pulp and
paper by the usual means, or as may be found suitable; the pulp thus
obtained may be used either alone or with an admixture of pulp from other
and ordinary paper stock.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PREPARATION OF CERTAIN COLOURING MATERIALS
Year: 1854

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Frederick Henley at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 12th
January 1854.
1, THOMAS FREDERICK HENLEY, of Cambridge Street, Pimlico, in the County
of Middlesex, Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PREPARATION OF CERTAIN COLOURING MATERIALS" to be
as follows:-
The raw materials which I employ are stick lac, or other varieties of lac,
and the awl root, both of which materials may be procured in British India. I
prepare a red colouring material from the lac by digesting it in an aqueous
solution of ammonia, from which the ammonia or the greater part thereof is
afterwards distilled off or evaporated, and leaves the colouring material in
solution in the water. This solution is then employed in dyeing or printing
with suitable mordants, or it may be evaporated to dryness, and the dry colour-
ing material may be dissolved again when required for use. The awl root is
dried and reduced to powder, and then treated with sulphuric acid or with
muriatic acid, either in a liquid state or in the state of vapour. The acid is
afterwards removed by washing with water, leaving the coloring material,
mixed with other matters which I call awline. The awline may be employed

page_text: for dyeing in a similar manner to madder or garancine. Different shades of
red and orange may be obtained from the different varieties of awl root. The
colouring materials obtained from lac and awl root as above described may be
used separately or together, or in combination with other colouring materials,
for dyeing and printing cotton, woollen, silk, or other materials. Various
colours or shades of colours may be obtained by varying the mordants and
the proportions of the materials employed.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MACHINERY FOR RAISING MINERALS FROM MINES
Year: 1854

page_text: by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Yule at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 6th April 1854.
I, JOHN YULE, of Port Dundas Road, Glasgow, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MACHINERY FOR
RAISING MINERALS FROM MINES" to be as follows:-
The improved apparatus consists of one pit head pulley, one rope, and two
cages. I place the pulley immediately above the mid wall of the pit; the axle
is in line with mid wall, so that ropes hung from the circumference of the
pulley on opposite sides will plum the centre of a cage. On the pulley being
set in motion, with a rope upon it, while one end is going up, the other will be
going down, and vice versa, forming complete winding apparatus without
wheels, pirns, or pirn shafts, and with only one rope.
With this apparatus, when the cage is with its load at the bottom ready to
be taken up the pit, it will have the weight of nearly all the rope on that
side of the pulley when at and near the bottom of the pit. To obviate this I
have suitable counterbalance. I also have a small rope or chain down the pit
attached to the eccentric rod, or to the throttle valve, and also one to a
powerful brake on the fly-wheel shaft, which is the axle of the pulley, these
attachments to be at the command of any party in the cage going down or
coming up the pit, and also at the command of the people at the bottom and
at the top of the pit.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF INKS, AND IN THE PRE- PARATION OF PAPERS FOR RECEIVING THE SAME
Year: 1854

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Felix Alexandre Testud de
Beauregard at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his
Petition, on the 25th April 1854.
I, FELIX ALEXANDRE TESTUD DE BEAUREGARD, of Paris, in the French
Empire, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF INKS, AND IN THE PRE-
PARATION OF PAPERS FOR RECEIVING THE SAME," to be as follows:-
In lieu of applying a coloured ink or pigment on an unprepared paper in
the ordinary manner, I employ one of the component parts of an ink or pigment
as a preparation for the paper, and I write on such prepared paper with another
component part or ingredient of such ink or pigment, by which means the
pigment is formed upon or in the substance of the paper; or I prepare a
colourless or but slightly coloured ink, which becomes dark coloured after its
application to the paper. Thus, a solution of chloride of iron mixed with
phosphoric acid and a little gum arabic forms a colourless ink, adapted for
writing blue upon a paper prepared with a solution of red cyanide or ferro-
cyanide of potassium. The paper may be prepared by immersion in the
solution or by otherwise applying the solution to it, or the solution may be
added to the pulp of which the paper-is-to-be-made. By preparing the paper.
with gallic acid, the writing will be black instead of blue. I prepare an ink
which is colourless, or nearly so, when used, but which becomes black upon

page_text: ordinary unprepared paper, by dissolving iodide of potassium and iodine in
water, and adding to it red chromate of potash, and as much cyanide of
potassium as will decolorize it. A small quantity of gum arabic is added.
These inks and papers may be employed-in stamping and printing, as well as
in writing, and private marks may be applied to various articles by means of
the colourless ink, and afterwards rendered visible, when required, by moistening
the part with the corresponding preparation.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR HEATING AIR BY MEANS OF STEAM
Year: 1854

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Symington at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 11th March
1854.
I, WILLIAM SYMINGTON, of Gracechurch Street, in the City of London, do
hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS
FOR HEATING AIR BY MEANS OF STEAM" to be as follows:-
This apparatus consists of two hollow chambers, by preference, of cast iron.
each chamber being made of two parts bolted and screwed together. The two
hollow chambers are connected together by numerous tubes (by preference of
welded iron tubing); hence, when steam is admitted into one of the hollow
chambers, it will pervade the whole apparatus, and offer very extensive heating
surfaces. This apparatus is enclosed in a chamber, the sides of which are by
preference of wood, though it may be of other non-conducting material; and
there is a partition which divides this chamber into two parts in such manner
that air forced into one compartment, near one end thereof, by means of a fan
or other suitable blowing apparatus, will pass amongst and be heated by the
steam pipes in such compartment; and the air when it arrives beyond the end
of the partition passes into the other compartment, and is further heated by the

page_text: steam pipes in the other compartment of the chamber, and then by suitable
pipe or pipes the heated air is conducted to the place or places where it is to
be used. By such means the exterior of the air chamber will not be subjected
to the pressure of steam, and consequently may be made of wood or other
matters which will not readily conduct the heat interior of such chamber
out of it.
IMPROVEMENTS IN IN THE PRODUCTION OF ORNAMENTAL PATTERNS UPON VELVET AND OTHER WOVEN FABRICS, AND IN MACHINERY OF APPARATUS FOR EFFECTING THE SAME
Year: 1854

page_text: rovision
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application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel Rogerson and James
Rogerson at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 11th October 1854.
We, SAMUEL ROGERSON and JAMES ROGERSON, of Manchester, in the
County of Lancaster, Trimming Manufacturers, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN IN THE PRODUCTION OF ORNAMENTAL
PATTERNS UPON VELVET AND OTHER WOVEN FABRICS, AND IN MACHINERY OF
APPARATUS FOR EFFECTING THE SAME," to be as follows:-
Our Invention refers to obtaining patterns in relief upon velvet and other
fabrics, the raised parts of such patterns being of one colour, and the ground
parts of another colour. In order to accomplish this, we apply a stratum of
flock, pulverized silk, or other finely-divided substance, in conjunction with.
farina or other adhesive substance, and then by means of suitable machinery
emboss the desired pattern; this operation causes the flock, &c. to adhere to
the surface which receives the pressure, and we subsequently brush away or
otherwise remove the applied finely-divided material, so as to expose the woven
fabric at the elevated parts. We also produce ornamental patterns as above,
combining therewith a cutting operation, by means of which fancy edges or
perforations are produced. These operations may be effected by any suitable
machinery, but a peculiar arrangement we employ is as follows:-The velvet

page_text: or other fabric as it is fed into the machine passes under apparatus by which
the flock, &c., and adhesive substance are sifted upon it; it is then drawn
onward between a pair or pairs of heated rollers; by which the required
embossing and fixing of the powdered material are effected; after which it is
conducted so as to pass in contact with a revolving brush, by which the flock,
&c. is removed from the raised parts. In combination with the above, we
employ, when desired, cutting or pulverizing edges upon the said rollers, or
upon additional rollers, by means of which fancy edges or perforated parts are
produced.
AN IMPROVED APPLICATION OF MATERIALS TO THE CONSTRUCTION OF SCREW PROPELLERS
Year: 1854

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Philip Patton Blyth at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 26th
December 1854.
I, PHILIP PATTON BLYTH, of 23, Upper Wimpole Street, in the County
of Middlesex, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "AN IMPROVED APPLICATION OF MATERIALS TO THE CONSTRUCTION OF SCREW
PROPELLERS" to be as follows:-
This Invention consists of the application of india-rubber and gutta percha
in a rigid state, either separately or combined, or in conjunction with metal
or other suitable material, to the construction of screw propellers of all kinds,
whether of the ordinary form, or that known as the boomerang.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BRUSHES
Year: 1854

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Griffiths at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 17th August
1854.
I, ROBERT GRIFFITHS, of 444, Strand, do hereby declare the nature of the
Invention for "AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BRUSHES " to be as
follows:-
This Invention has for its object the manufacture of hair, flesh; horse, and
other brushes, by employing wires set in india-rubber or other suitable sub-
stance, as when making cards for carding cotton and other fibres, and supporting
the wires with a surrounding edge of bristles, fibres of the cocoa nut, or other
matters used in making brushes, by which the middle or central portion of a
brush will consist, or for the most part consist, of wire. And the outer or
surrounding edges will consist of bristles, or other matters used in place of
bristles, in the inanufacture of brushes, whereby the outer edges, composed
of bristles or other matters, will give support to the central or middle portion,
composed of wire.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR GRINDING
Year: 1854

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Gedge at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 2nd November
1854. A communication.
I, JOHN GEDGE, of No. 4, Wellington Street South, Strand, in the County
of Middlesex, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR GRINDING," being a
communication from Auguste & Alphonse St. Denis, of Bastia, Corsica, to be
as follows:-
On a framework a, as shewn in the annexed sketch at Figure 1, I propose
to support a fly wheel b (having two handles) as the mover of or to the follow-
ing apparatus:-This fly wheel communicates by means of cords or chains to
two shaft wheels c, c, carrying each a trundle d, and having fly wheels e con-
nected therewith. f is a large toothed wheel, gearing with or into the trundle,
supported by an axle; g is an axle, supporting two fly wheels h, h, and a
small trundle indenting or gearing with the said wheel f; i shews the axle
(as supported) of the large wheel f; this axle also carries the wheel k (seen
at Figure 2), gearing with the trundle b, by which the grindstones m and the
fly n are turned. p, the hopper; q, the trimmer; r is a small piece of wood,

page_text: one end of which forms a hook, the other rubs against the upper or moveable
grindstone, and serves to guide the grain; s, the drum or casing of the stones.
The machinery above mentioned I propose to work by hand. To work it by
horse or other power the arrangements will be modified, and such modifications
will be fully explained in my final Specification.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM ENGINES
Year: 1854

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Francis Herbert Wenham at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 19th
July 1854.
I, FRANCIS HERBERT WENHAM, Engineer, Effra Vale Lodge, Brixton, in
County of Surrey, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM ENGINES" to be as follows:-
The application and use of two cylinders, each rotating on its own axis
in the same direction and at the same speed; one cylinder being placed
excentrically inside of the other, and connected by a flap, piston, valve, or
abutment.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN PROPELLING SHIPS AND OTHER VESSELS
Year: 1854

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Gravatt at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 27th April 1854.,
T, WILLIAM GRAVATT, of Park Street, in the City of Westminster, Civil
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN
IMPROVEMENT IN PROPELLING SHIPS AND OTHER VESSELS" to be as follows:-
My Invention has reference to propelling vessels by the ejection of water
therefrom, and consists in drawing or in admitting water into the vessel, and
in bringing it to or causing it to assume a state of rest, or nearly so, with
regard to the vessel, when by means of pistons, pumps, or other mechanical
contrivances I act upon the water so introduced, and forcibly eject it or raise
it to a head sufficient to forcibly eject it from the vessel at a velocity which,
when the vessel is at her working speed, is about that of, equal to, or greater
than, the speed of the vessel through the water. I do not confine myself to
any precise part or parts of the vessel, either for the admission or ejection of
the water.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN ORNAMENTING WALLS AND OTHER SIMILAR SURFACES
Year: 1854

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Wright at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 17th February
1854.
I, WILLIAM WRIGHT, of Wolverhampton, in the County of Stafford,
Gardener, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN ORNAMENTING WALLS AND OTHER SIMILAR SURFACES " to be as follows,
that is to say-
My improvements consist in producing ornamental designs on walls, ceilings,
doors, boards, and other similar surfaces by means of moulds charged with any
suitable plastic but non-resilient material. Having first painted the surface with
a ground colour or flat tint, I take a metal mould, the section of which is of the
form of design required, such, for instance, as a leaf or flower, and charge this
mould with putty. The paint of any colour that may be desired being prepared
in any suitable form, the bottom of the mould is covered with the paint, either
by immersion or any convenient method; the bottom of the mould is then
applied to the surface to be decorated, and being instantly removed, leaves the
form of design represented by the section of the mould printed on the wall.
It is evident the same method will avail for lettering walls, sign boards, &c.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR WASHING CLOTH OR YARNS
Year: 1854

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the Honourable James Sinclair at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
27th December 1854.
I, the Honourable JAMES SINCLAIR, commonly called Lord BERRIEDALE,
of 17, Hill Street, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature
of my Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR WASHING
CLOTH OR YARNS" to be as follows:-
This Invention relates more especially to the washing of printed fabrics
known as madder work, and of continuous lengths of cloth and other textile
fabrics or yarns, and consists in the employment of revolving arms or blades
which are made to rotate rapidly in a cistern or suitable vessel of water or
other cleansing liquid. At the extremity of each of the arms or blades is
fitted a strip of vulcanized caoutchouc, which rubs against the fabric to be
washed, and effectually cleanses the same without injury thereto, by reason of.
the elastic and yielding nature of the material employed.
The cloth may be entered into the top of the cistern by passing over a
suitable guide roller, and thence proceeds downwards to and beneath a second
guide roller, situated near the bottom of the vessel; from this roller the web
passes round a third roller, situated on the opposite side of the vessel, and
thence to another, thus running in a zig-zag direction up to the top of the

page_text: cistern, whence it slowly emerges, after being subjected to the action of the
revolving arms, the caoutchouc strips of which rub against both sides of
the fabric as it traverses along over its guide pulleys.
As a set of these arms is situated between cach space of the zig-zag formed
by the cloth, it follows that the same will be washed on both sides simul-
taneously. Or in place of passing the fabric in a zig-zag direction from the
bottom to the top of the cistern, it may enter at one end of a long trough or
shallow cistern, placed in an inclined position to allow the dirty water to flow.
off freely, and is therein subjected to the action of a series of washing blades
or arms, formed as herein-before described.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MANUFACTURE OF SCREWS
Year: 1854

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles May at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 28th December
1854.
I, CHARLES MAY, of Great George Street, Westminster, Civil Engineer,
do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MANUFACTURE OF SCREWS" to be as follows:-
Heretofore screws have for the most part been made by cutting away
the metal between the threads; screws have also been made by casting, and
screws have to some extent been forged by means of three rollers or dies.
Now, my Invention has for its object improvements in forging screws, and
these improvements are as follows:-A pair of screw dies or tools are used,
which, in place of cutting out the metal between the threads, are caused to
press the metal between them by a succession of intermitted pressures or
impacts by machinery, the pieces of metal or screw blanks being caused to
move round on their own axes, and advance a distance when the dies or screw
tools are separate. By this means may be produced screws completely or
incompletely forged, requiring in the latter case to be further acted on by
other tools. A pair of rollers, each having screw threads formed on their
perepheries are employed by me, by which the screw blanks or pieces of metal
are caused to rotate on their own axes, by which the threads of the screws

page_text: will be forged or formed; and in order to retain the axis of a screw blank or
piece of metal in the same plane with the axes of the rollers, a guide is placed
on each side of such screw blank or piece of metal, which may be plain, or be
formed with threads, in like manner to the dies of screw stocks. Or in place
of only using two rollers, two pairs of rollers with screw threads or dies
formed on their peripheries may be employed, each pair of rollers being in the
same or different planes, depending on the diameter of the screws; or three
rollers, the axes of which are all parallel to each other, may be used, each
roller in a different plane to the others. In each of-these-cases, the guides
above mentioned at the sides may or may not be used, depending on the
nature of the work. Or in place of using rollers, reciprocating surfaces may
be employed, so as to cause the screw blanks or pieces of metal to revolve on
their own axes when between the reciprocating surfaces, on which inclined
grooves are formed, corresponding with the threads of the intended screws.
The pieces of metal or blanks which are to have screws formed thereon may
be made with shoulders or raised parts, so that, in forging threads or screws on
parts thereof, the diameter of the threads may come correct with such larger
parts formed on the blanks. In forging screws by machinery, the nature of
which is above described, the pieces of metal or screw blanks will generally be
in a heated state.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ELECTRICAL COMMUNICATION
Year: 1854

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Gilpin, at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 5th April 1854.
I, WILLIAM GILPIN, of 2, Moorgate Street, London, Contractor, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN ELECTRICAL
COMMUNICATION" to be as follows:-
Firstly, a new plastic material for the purpose of insulating electric telegraph
wires, the said material being composed of certain proportions of gutta percha,
pitch or tar, rosin, & oil.
Secondly, a new & improved method of constructing subterranean electric
telegraphs. I propose, in the first place, to insulate & protect a plain metallic
wire, or wire covered with gutta percha or other insulating material, by means
of one or more coatings of fibrous material, such as hemp, flax, or cotton, the
said fibre having been rendered perfectly anhydrous, by steeping in a hot
solution of oil, rosin, & tar; after which I proceed to lay together as many
wires as may be required, in the form of a rope, and during this process
pass each covered wire separately through a thick solution of tar and rosin,
and press the whole while in a warm plastic state into a solid body, the
machinery employed at the same time serving the whole with a coating of
strong fibrous material, rendered anhydrous, as before described; when the rope
thus formed is laid in the trench, I propose further externally to protect it, by
passing it as it is uncoiled from the drum thro' a hot compound of pitch,

page_text: |
rosin, & sand; I also propose, as an additional insulation & protection to
subterranean telegraph wires, to lay in the trench a metal or wooden trough
(in the shape of a water gutter, thus ☐ ), and at the time the covered wire
or rope is laid into it I pour into the trough or gutter a hot compound of pitch
& rosin, after which I fix a lid or top on to the gutter, and thus form a
perfect joint, rendering the whole impervious to humidity or injury of any
description.
Thirdly, a new method of insulating and protecting electric telegraph wires,
by covering a rope (formed in the manner before described) with iron wire,
and afterwards passing the same through a bath of zinc, tin, lead, or other
metal in solution, under the process usually described as "galvanising;" by
this means, the interstices between the wires are filled up with molten metal,
& the whole forms a solid metallic covering.
Fourthly, an improved method of constructing submarine or subterranean
telegraph ropes, (wherever it is desirable to prevent a strain on the electric
conducting wires,) by laying a core of metallic wire or wires in the centre, in
lieu of the hempen core or heart at present in use.
Fifthly, an improved telegraphic alarum, in the construction of which a
delicate mechanical arrangement is introduced to assist the escapement, so that
the strong current of electricity now ordinarily required to overcome the friction
on the arın or detention pin is not needful. The alarum by this arrangement
may be depended on with certainty, as it never fails to act from want of
sufficient power when the battery becomes ever so weak.
IMPROVEMENTS IN COOKING UTENSILS
Year: 1854

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Eden at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 31st August 1854.
I, GEORGE EDEN, of Norwood, Surrey, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN COOKING UTENSILS" to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in constructing cooking utensils with an outer casing
steam-tight, thus leaving a space all round the vessel for the reception of water
or other liquid; at the top of this casing there is an aperture, over which a
whistle or similar instrument is fitted. When the water contained in the space
above named becomes heated, the steam generated thereby passes up through
the whistle, and thus attracts the attention of those in charge of the utensil.
On the lid or cover of the vessel I attach mechanism, by which a spindle
passing through the lid or cover, and having blades attached, is made to revolve
inside the vessel, thus keeping the contents constantly stirred.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SPIKES, BOLTS, SCREWS, PINS, AND OTHER SIMILAR ARTICLES
Year: 1854

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William James at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 11th
December 1854.
I, WILLIAM JAMES, of Crosby Hall Chambers, in the City of London, Iron
Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SPIKES, BOLTS, SCREWS, PINS, AND OTHER SIMILAR
ARTICLES," to be as follows:-
The object of the present Invention is to manufacture the above articles in
such a manner that when driven into wood they shall hold more tightly and
securely than bolts or spikes of the ordinary construction. This object is
effected by making one or more threads or feathers on the sides of the
bolt or spike, and, by giving the shank of the bolt a twist during the process
of manufacture, this thread or feather will be made to assume a spiral or
helical direction, so as to form a kind of screw. I propose to form the thread
or feather on the shank while the bar of iron from which the spike or bolt is
to be made is being rolled into bar iron, according to the ordinary process.
By this means it will be seen that no additional trouble will be incurred in
manufacturing my improved bolts, except to give them the requisite twist, in
order to impart a helical or spiral direction to the thread or feather, as above
mentioned.

page_text: My improved bolts may be made either from round or square bar iron.
When round iron is used, a thread or feather must be rolled in or on the iron
before it is applicable for my purpose; but when square iron is used, the
corners or angles, when the required twist is given to the shank, will form a
kind of feather or thread, which will answer the same purpose as the previously
prepared thread or feather in the round bars. When the bolts are thus made,
they have only to be driven into their holes by means of a hammer, and they
will be securely retained therein, as they will screw themselves into the wood
as they are driven forward. It will thus be understood that the same amount
of security will be attained as if screws were employed, while the expense
of manufacture would be much less, and the amount of labor not more than
that of driving plain bolts.
IMPROVEMENTS IN RAILWAY SIGNAL LAMPS
Year: 1854

page_text: the 2100)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Vitruvius Greenwood and
John Saxby at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 28rd March 1854.
We, WILLIAM VITRUVIUS GREENWOOD and JOHN SAXBY, both of Brighton,
Sussex, Engineers, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN RAILWAY SIGNAL LAMPS" to be as follows:-
Our improvements in signal lamps for railways consist in making one lamp
double acting, so as to throw different coloured rays of light up and down the
line. For example, a green light may be shown upon the "up" line of rail,
and a red light to the "down" line, that is to say, to the portions of the lines
on either side of the signal lamp. The following is a description of the appa-
ratus employed:-The outer casing of the lamp is a cylinder of iron, partly
open at the top, and perforated with holes at the bottom for the admission of
air to the flame of the lamp or gas light. A hollow iron rod or tube supported
by a circular bracket, in which it rotates freely, is carried through the outer
casing of the lamp and fixed to a metallic frame, to which it gives motion.
Within the rod just referred to is another tube supported by a bracket below
the other, and this is likewise secured to a metallic frame arranged conceu-
trically within the other. A handle is fitted to each of the tubes, so that the
At each
frames may be moved either together or independent of each other.
side of the outer casing is fitted an ordinary bull's-eye lens, and at each side of

page_text: the concentric frames are fitted two strips of ordinary coloured glass. Within
the opening left in the top of the outer casing a lamp is fitted, the flame of
which is opposite the lenses in the side of the casing; or if gas is used, the jet
must be in the same position, the gas passing through the inner tube before
referred to. When in action, either of the coloured glasses may be brought
before the flame, so as to show one colour up the line and another down, by
turning the handle connected with the rod; by turning the other handle the
colours may be instantly reversed, and the signals "danger" or "all clear"
given, as required. By this arrangement, one lamp performs the office of two
or more, as heretofore, and strips of ordinary stained glass being used for the
coloured light, the expense of stained lenses is obviated. On each of the circular
brackets are three studs, which fit a slot cut in each of the handles; the stud
retains the handle in its place when a signal is made, and indicates at once the
position the handle should be in to make a certain signal; thus, the right hand
may be red, the left green, the centre white. The above is an outline of our
Invention, the details of which we reserve a right to modify, as required.
AN IMPROVED MODE OF CONSUMING SMOKE ARISING FROM THE COMBUSTION OF FUEL IN FURNACES
Year: 1854

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Mark Wheeler at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 18th October 1854.
I, MARK WHEELER, of Newton Street, Holborn, in the County of Middlesex,
Japanner, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED
MODE OF CONSUMING SMOKE ARISING FROM THE COMBUSTION OF FUEL IN FURNACES
to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to effect the consumption of smoke in
furnaces without in any way altering their construction. To this end I
provide the stoker with a quantity of sawdust, or other substance which will
readily absorb water, and will when dry burn as fuel; and when the fire is
fairly alight I throw on to it, after every fresh charge of coals, a shovelfull of
this damp substance, the action of which is, that it will prevent the smoke
given off from the coal from rising and passing away from the fire-place with
the flames and gases of combustion. By this means not only is the escape of
the smoke effectually prevented, but a considerable saving of fuel is at the
same time effected.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PULP SUITABLE FOR PAPER MAKING
Year: 1854

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by. John Jeyes at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 19th April 1854.
I, JOHN JEYES, of the Town and County of Northampton, Merchant, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF PULP SUITABLE FOR PAPER MAKING" to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in the employment of the refuse of tan yards, being
oak bark, after its use in the tanning of leather, and commonly known as tan,
and I convert this tan into pulp by washing it and treating it with alkaline
leys; and for the whiter description of papers I also bleach it by any known
and suitable bleaching agent. The fibres so cleansed or bleached are submitted
to an ordinary pulping engine, and may be employed by themselves or mixed
with rag or other pulp for the manufacture of paper.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ELASTIC BANDS FOR HOLDING BOOKS AND PAPERS
Year: 1854

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Henry Ingall at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 29th July
I, GEORGE HENRY INGALL, of Warnford Court, Throgmorton Street, in the
County of Middlesex, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN ELASTIC BANDS FOR HOLDING BOOKS AND PAPERS"
to be as follows:-
Elastic bands for holding books and papers usually consist of flat rings of
vulcanized india-rubber, which, so far as they will expand and contract, are
capable of holding larger or smaller parcels.
My improvements consist in so constructing bands of this class that they
will be much extended in their capabilities. For this purpose, I form the band
of elastic webbing or other suitable clastic material with a coupling piece, by
which the band may be united at its full size, or the ends overlapped and
united, to form a smaller band. The union may be effected by a flat metal hook
and eyes attached to the webbing, or the eyes may be worked and sewn to the
band. The hook may terminate the one end and a metal loop the other,
through which the hook passes; other methods of uniting may also be adopted
with like effect. Instead of making the band with ends it may be annular,
and provided with the means of overlapping by hooking or otherwise.
AN IMPROVED MODE OF PREVENTING MUD PROM TOUCHING OR ADHERING TO CARRIAGES
Year: 1854

page_text: by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Felix Fontenau at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 15th September
1854.
I, FELIX FONTENAU, of Paris, in the Empire of France, & of 4, South St,
Finsbury, London, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention
of "AN IMPROVED MODE OF PREVENTING MUD PROM TOUCHING OR ADHERING TO
CARRIAGES" to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in a contrivance for arresting the mud collected upon
wheels of carriages when in motion, and causing it to fall to the ground before
being thrown off.
This contrivance consists of a metallic or other rod, terminated by a flat
part, lined at discretion with felt or other material, and of the same breadth as
the felloe of the wheel. This contrivance may be fixed either to the bolt of
the spring, to the axletrec, or to any other part of the carriage, and is adapted
to the back part of the wheel.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BOOKBINDING
Year: 1854

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Jean Daniel Pfeiffer at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 21st March
1854.
.....
I, JEAN DANIEL PFEIFFER, of No. 1, Rue, Princesse, in the City of Paris, in
the Empire of France, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN BOOKBINDING" to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object a combination of apparatus for holding and
pressing books when undergoing various processes of bookbinding, by which
the same will be more readily and usefully carried on.
For this purpose a
machine is constructed with two end frames suitably combined together; these
frames carry an axis on which is fixed a quadrangular frame composed of two.
end pieces and two longitudinal bars. On the inner surfaces of the latter are
guides or grooves to receive and support the ends of the sliding plates, between
which plates the books are placed. The longitudinal bars of the frame are
parallel to each other, and at such a distance apart as to admit of receiving
the largest books between them which it is intended the machine shall receive.
The upper surface of the framing of the machine is so formed as to support
the moveable frame when it is in a horizontal position either on the one side
of the machine or on the other. The moveable frame has at each end a semi-
circular toothed rack fixed to its axis, and motion is given to these racks, and
consequently to the moveable frame, by means of a crank handle on a shaft,

page_text: on which are fixed two pinions, which take into and give motion to the semi
circular toothed racks. There are ratchets and catches to retain the moveable
frame in any desired position. At each end of the moveable frame is a screw
and moveable end, which is capable of being set up by the screw and to press
the books contained in the moveable frame between the sliding plates which
divide them from each other. Under the moveable frame is a table running
from end to end of the machine, which is capable of adjustment in its height
by a screw and guides at each end, and the screws are put in motion by
means of a shaft and bevilled toothed wheels. On this table, when about to
introduce a number of books into the moveable frame, there are placed a
number of blocks or shapes with convex top surfaces, corresponding with the
concave forms desired to be given to the fronts of the several books. The
books are placed between the-sliding plates, and with the front surfaces on the
blocks or shapes, by which they assume a concave form in front and a convex
form'at back; the screws at the ends of the moveable frame are then caused
to set up the moveable ends, and consequently to press the books between the
sliding plates which divide them one from another. The workman can then
readily operate on the backs of the books with the proper tools; and when it
iś desired to operate on the ends and fronts of the books the moveable frame
can be moved and retained in any desired position.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN APPA- RATUS FOR DRYING WOOL AFTER IT HAS UNDERGONE THE PROCESS OF WASHING OR SCOURING
Year: 1854

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Petric at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with bis Petition, on the 25th January 1854.
I, JOHN PETRIE, jun', of Rochdale, in the County of Lancaster, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN APPA-
RATUS FOR DRYING WOOL AFTER IT HAS UNDERGONE THE PROCESS OF WASHING OR
SCOURING" to be as follows:-
My apparatus consists of a hot chamber, the required temperature of which
may be attained by a series of steam chests or hot air chests, inclosed in brick-
work or other suitable material, through which chamber the wet wool s
conducted upon an endless travelling surface or surfaces, over or between the
several steam ehests; or one steam chest might answer the purpose. There
is to be an outlet from the chamber, for the escape of the vapour, as the drying
process goes on.
IMPROVEMENTS IN OBTAINING METALS FROM ORES
Year: 1854

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Brockelbank at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 1st April
1854.
I, GEORGE BROCKELBANK, of Point, Blackheath, in the County of Kent, do
hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN OBTAINING
METALS FROM ORES" to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object the combining the processes of stamping
and amalgamating, and also, if desired, washing; for which purpose a series of
stamping hammers are used, similar to what have heretofore been employed
for stamping ores, and they are actuated in succession in like manner to that
heretofore practised; or I employ racks on the stampers and cog wheels with
spaces, to allow of the stampers falling. Below the stampers is a trough with
inclined sides; apertures are formed at intervals to receive wire gauze. When
working, quicksilver is placed in the trough, the ore is supplied, and water is
allowed to flow therein. Any ores not sufficiently broken down by stamping
may be subsequently crushed and ground with quicksilver and water in a
suitable mill.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR CUTTING DISCS OR CIRCLES OUT OF PLATES OR SHEETS OF METAL OR OTHER SUBSTANCES
Year: 1854

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Sibley and Thomas Sibley at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on the
1st March 1854.
We, JOHN SIBLEY and THOMAS SIBLEY, both of Ashton-under-Lyne, in the
County of Lancaster, Machine Makers, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR CUTTING
DISCS OR CIRCLES OUT OF PLATES OR SHEETS OF METAL OR OTHER SUBSTANCES" to
be as follows:-
It consists of a combination of the machine known as the circular shearing
machine, with an apparatus, by which the sheet or plate of metal to be cut
into a circle is kept central, and at any required distance from the circular
shears, equal to the radius of the discs or circles required, and which at the
same time affords the means, of readily entering the sheet or plate between the
shears, and of adjusting it to the best cutting angle for all diameters. The
apparatus for holding the plate central while cut into a circle is carried on a
bar, which is adjustable to any angle across the axes of the circular cutters.
It consists of a jaw-formed piece, which swivels on an axis adjustable to and
from the circular cutters in a slot formed in the supporting bar, above men-
tioned. The jaw-formed piece carries centres or axes, upon which face plates

page_text: are fixed. The plate or sheet to be cut is placed between the face plates,
which are made to pince it by a screw, so that it is held central while cut.
The swivel in the jaw-formed piece is for the purpose of entering the plate
between the cutters and adjusting it to the best cutting angle, the point of
which may be fixed for each diameter by an adjusting screw or stop pin fixed
in or to the supporting bar.
A PSYCHOGRAPH, OR APPARATUS FOR INDICATING PERSONS THOUGHTS BY THE AGENCY OF NERVOUS ELECTRICITY
Year: 1854

page_text: by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Adolphus Theodore Wagner at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
23rd January 1854.
I, ADOLPHUS THEODORE WAGNER, of Berlin, in the Kingdom of Prussia,
Professor of Music, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"A PSYCHOGRAPH, OR APPARATUS FOR INDICATING PERSONS THOUGHTS BY THE AGENCY
OF NERVOUS ELECTRICITY," to be as follows:-
The apparatus consists of a combination of rods or pieces of wood joined
so as to permit of free action in all the parts. From one of the legs of the
instrument hangs a tracer; on one or more of the other extremities is fixed a
disc, upon which the operator is to place his hand, and from this extremity or
these extremities depends another tracer. The other parts of the apparatus
consist of a glass slab or other non-conductor, and of an alphabet and set of
figures or numerals. Upon a person possessing nervous electricity placing his
hand upon one of the dises the instrument will immediately work, and the
tracer will spell upon the alphabet what is passing in the operator's mind.
A MACHINE FOR SCUTCH- ING FLAX, HEMP, AND OTHER LIKE FIBROUS MATERIALS
Year: 1854

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Francis at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 26th August 1854.
I, HENRY FRANCIS, of the Strand, in the City of Westminster, Engineer,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "A MACHINE FOR SCUTCH-
ING FLAX, HEMP, AND OTHER LIKE FIBROUS MATERIALS," to be as follows :-
My machine consists of rough rollers, in pairs, one or more, according to
circumstances, mounted in a suitable frame, and each or both capable of two
independent motions, one in the direction of their diameter, and the other in
the direction of their length. These rollers are grooved, fluted, or otherwise
roughened, or covered with a rough material.