MACHINERY AND APPARATUS FOR MARKING AND BORING LEATHER AND OTHER SIMILAR SUBSTANCES, FOR MAKING AND CUTTING SCREWED PINS, AND FOR UNITING LEATHER AND OTHER SIMILAR MATERIALS
Year: 1856

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Esteves Blanchon, of Blois, in the Empire of France,
Gentleman, for the Invention of "MACHINERY AND APPARATUS FOR MARKING
AND BORING LEATHER AND OTHER SIMILAR SUBSTANCES, FOR MAKING AND
CUTTING SCREWED PINS, AND FOR UNITING LEATHER AND OTHER SIMILAR
MATERIALS."A communication.
Sealed the 28th April 1857, and dated the 17th November 1856.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Esteves Blanchon at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
17th November 1856.
I, ESTEVES BLANCHON, of Blois, in the Empire of France, Gentleman, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "MACHINERY AND
APPARATUS FOR MARKING AND BORING LEATHER AND OTHER SIMILAR SUBSTANCES,
FOR MAKING AND CUTTING SCREWED PINS, AND FOR UNITING LEATHER AND OTHER
SIMILAR MATERIALS," communicated to me by a foreigner residing abroad, to be
as follows:-
This Invention is intended chiefly for the pegging of soles to boots, shoes,
and other like articles, but it is applicable generally to the fastening of two or
more surfaces of leather or other like material together. There are three

page_text: apparatuses employed, and for convenience the inventor fixes them all on one
table, so that no time may be lost in taking. tho articles from one to the
other.
The first apparatus is for marking at regular intervals the spots where holes
are to be bored. It consists of a hand lever made to work a ratchet wheel,
and at the same time a point or marker. The leather passes over the ratchet
wheel, and being advanced by it, is carried forward the distance of ono ratchet
at each stroke of the lever. The point working with the lever makes a
regular mark each time the lever is depressed.
The second apparatus is for boring a hole at every point marked by the
apparatus just named, or it may be applied to unmarked surfaces. It consists
of an awl or similar boring tool held in one end of a spindle, which has
aflixed at its opposite end-n bevelled tooth wheel; a crank handle has aflixed
on the inner end thereof a corresponding bevelled tooth pinion, all held in a
suitable frame. The handle being turned causes the awl to revolve and bore
a hole in the leather or other substance presented to it.'
The third apparatus is for cutting a screw thread on a piece of wire or
- other soft metal, screwing it into the surfaces or substances to be united, and
for cutting of the metal stud or screw flush with the surface. A length of
brass or copper wire is placed in one end of a slotted tube, at the opposite end
of which are fixed screw dies at right angles to the length of the tube. The
end of the wire is introduced between the dies, the slotted tube is caused to
rotate, and carries with it the wire upon which the dies cut a thread, draw
and drive it forward, and screw it into the leather or other substances held at
the end of the apparatus a short distance from the front of the dias. When
the screw peg has been driven home, the attendant depresses a pedal, which
brings together a pair of nipping levers, which cut off the peg flush, or as
flush as need be, with the surface of the outer substanco united.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Esteves Blanchon in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 3
15th May 1857.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, ESTÈVES
BLANCHON, of Blois, in the Empire of France, Gentleman, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Seventeenth day of November, in the year of our Lord 3
Oño thousand eight hundred and fifty-six, in the twentietli year of 1ler reigu,

page_text: did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said
Estèves Blanchon, Her special licence that I, the said Estèves Blanchon, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Estèves
Blanchon, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during
the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "MACHINERY AND APPARATUS FOR
MARKING AND BORING LEATHER AND OTHER SIMILAR SUBSTANCES, FOR MAKING
AND CUTTING SCREWED PINS, AND FOR UNITING LEATHER AND OTHER SIMILAR
MATERIALS," (a communication), upon the condition (amongst others) that J;
the said Estèves Blanchon, my executors or administrators, by an instrument
in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should par-
ticularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in
the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately
after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Estèves Blanchon, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement thereof, reference being had to the Drawings hereunto annexed, that
is to say:
.
This Invention is intended chiefly for the pegging of soles to boots, shoes,
and other like articles, but it is applicable ge rally to the fastening of two
or more surfaces of leather or other mater' ogether. There are three
ntor fixes them all on one
apparatuses employed, and for convenience t
table, so that no time may be lost in taking the articles from one to the
other.
The first apparatus is for marking at regular intervals the spots where holes
are to be bored. It consists of a hand lever made to work a ratchet wheel
and at the same tinie a point or marker. The leather passes over the ratchet
wheel, and being advanced by it, is carried forward the distance of one ratchet
at each stroke of the lever. The point working with the lever makes a
regular mark each time the lever is depressed.
The second apparatus is for boring a hole at every point marked by the
apparatus just named, or it may be applied to unmarked surfaces. It consists
of an awl or similar boring tool held in one end of a spindle, which has affixed
at his opposite end a bevilled tooth wheel; a crank handle has affixed on the
inner end thereof a corresponding bevilled tooth-pinion, all held in a suitable

page_text: frame. The handle being turned causes the awl to revolvo and bore a hole
in the leather or other substance presented to it.
The third apparatus is for cutting a screw thread on a pieco.of wire or
other soft metal, screwing it into the surfaces or substances to be united, and
for cutting off the metal stud or screw flush or nearly so with the surface.
A length of brass, copper, or other suitable wire is placed in one end of a
slotted tube, at the opposite end of which are fixed screw dies at right angles
to the length of the tube. The end of the wire is introduced between tho
dies, the slotted tubo is caused to rotate, and carries with it the wiro upon
which the dies cut a thread, draw and drive it forward, and screw it into.
the leather or other substances held at the end of the apparatus a short
distance from the front of the dies. When the screw peg has been driven
home the attendant depresses a pedal, which brings together a pair of nipping
levers, which cut off the peg flush, or as flush as need be with the surfaco of
the outer substance united.
In the annexed Drawings I proceed to show the manner in which the
several machines are constructed and operate.
up
Figure 1 is a side, and Figure 2 a front view of the machine I employ to
mark out on leather or other material the spot where holes are to be pierced
or bored. A is the framework of the machine, screwed or fixed to the bench
or table B (part only of which is shewn) by bolts a; C, C, are brackets
attached to or cast in a piece with the frame A; on their ends are bosses
D, D, in which suitable holes are formed to allow the rod E to work freely
and down. In the lower end of the rod E a bit or awl F is inserted, and
secured by the screw B. The inner side of the awl F is flat and straight, or
nearly so, in order that it may pass close to the face of, and parallel with, a
disc G, which is mounted on a spindle or stud II, and fixed by the screw c.
The disc G is free to revolve on its stud, which is fixed in a vertical bar I,
supported by guides J, in which the bar is free to move up and down
if required; its downward motion is limited and regulated by a screw d.
Pressure is given to the bar I. and disc G by a weighted lever K and
weight L. The lever K is centred or pivotted at c, and may be connected by
a link to the top of the bar I, so as to depress it when the weight L is
suspended from its long arm by the link M. Below the disc G, which is
plain on its periphery, a second N is mounted on a spindle or stud O,
and is held fast by the nut and grooved washer f and g. The disc M is ser-
rated on its periphery, as shewn at Figure 3, a side, and Figure 4, an edge view
thereof detached. On the spindle Oa ratchet wheel P is keyed or otherwise
fixed; Qis a forked paul held up against the teeth of the ratchet wheel by

page_text: a spring Q. The paul is jointed at h to a lever R fixed on or formed in a
pieco with a centre boss S, which is mounted, and free to oscillate on a stud
fixed in the frame A (seen in dotted lines at i), and kept in place by the
nut T. The stud is supported by a piece U, which projects from one of
the brackets C. A hand lever V similar to the lever R is formed or fixed
on the centre boss S. This lever passes through an oblong hole formed in
the rod E. On the end of the lever V a handle j is fixed to work the
machine.
The action of the machine is as follows:-The material to be marked is
introduced between the edges or peripheries of the serrated and plain discs
N and G; the lever V is depressed by the handle j, which brings down the
bar E and the bit or awl F, and marks the material. While this is taking
place the ratchet wheel P and disc G are prevented from turning in a con-
trary direction by the spring R' taking into the ratchet teeth, and at the same
time as the lever V is being depressed the lever R rises, bringing with it the
paul Q, which is pulled into a fresh tooth by the spring Q' ready to cause
the ratchet wheel P and serrated disc to rotate upon the raising of the
lever V. By alternately raising and depressing the lever V the material is
passed through the machine and marked; the distances between the marks
are regulated by different sized discs on the ratchet wheel spindle or
ratchet wheels of various sizes and pitch, or by the lengthening or shortening
of the lever R, or the strokes of the levers V and R. After the material is
marked it is ready to be drilled or bored.
Figure 5 is a side, and Figure 6 an end view of the drilling machine.
The drill or but A is held fast in the end of the spindle B by the screw a, and
revolves at one end in a bearing C in the standard D, and at the other end
on a centro screw E through a boss on the top of the standard F. These
standards may be cast in a piece with the sole plate G, and are firmly secured
A bevil wheel I is keyed
to a bench or table H by the screws or bolts a¹.
or otherwise fixed on to the spindle B, into which a corresponding bevil
wheel J gears, and is firmly secured on a spindle K mounted in bearings in
bosses on the forked standard L; a winch M is fixed on the spindle to give
motion to the drill. The material to be bored is held against the bit A, and
rapid rotary motion being communicated to it by the winch handle the
necessary hole is bored.
Figuro 7 is a side elevation, Figure 8 an end view, Figure 9 a plan, of the
apparatus for cutting a screw thread on a metal rod or wire for screwing it
into the substances to be united, and for cutting off the screw. Figure 10 is
A is a sole plate,
a longitudinal section through the line a, b, of Figure 9.

page_text: on which are fixed the standards B, B'; bearings aro formed in their t
upper ends
in which the 'hollow shaft or spindle C is supported and revolves. Within
the hollow shaft C another hollow slotted shaft or 'tube C is fixed by a key c
In this tubo tho wire à (to be screwed) is introduced, having a small picce e
turned up at its outer end, which takes into the slot, and serves the
purpose
of a carrier to take round the wire with the hollow spindles when they arc
made to rotate. Motion is given to the spindles by the bevil wheels E and F
and the winch handle G. The wheel E is keyed or otherwise fixed on the
outer hollow spindle C, and is geared into by the corresponding bevil or mitro
wheel 'F-keyed or otherwise firmly secured on the shaft or spindle I, which
turns in a long 'bearing in the upper end of the bracket I formed on or
attached to the standard B. The winch is secured on the shaft II by tho
nut f. is a standard fixed to the sole plate A by a bolt or scrow g. An
inside view of this standard detached, and on an enlarged scale, is seen in
Figure 11. Two screwing dies h, h', are inserted in a circular stock J, having
on it a projection i. This stock and its dies are placed in, a hole j formed in
the standard to correspond with it. The projection i takes into a notch
in the under side of the hole to prevent the stock and dies from turning round
while at work, below this notch the hole is considerably wider (as at ) to
allow an instrument to 'be introduced to take out the stock and dies when
necessary. The top die h is regulated by tho screw and handle and . Tho
screw is inserted in a tapped or threaded hole formed in the top of the
standard 1, and bears upon the upper dio h with its point. A section of
the standard and upper die through the line c, d, in plan is seen in Figure 12.
On the outside of the standard l' a projection m is cast or otherwise formed,
having a hole in its centre to coincide with the centre of the dies h and h
and axes of the hollow spindles C and C' on the projection; a mouth-piece n
is secured by the scrows n', n. A holo is formed in it coincident with the
centre of the dies and spindles, to allow the wire to pass through after being
threaded by the dies. Close to the mouth-pieco 1 pair of wire cutting
nippers K are placed, so that when the cutting edges o, o', are brought
together they will meet at the centre of the wire and consequently cut it.
These nippers are jointed to the projection m by pins p, p'; their long arms
or lovers K, K", aro connected to a sliding grooved collar L by the rods or
links L, L", by the pins 9, 7'. The collar L is mounted on the hollow
shaft C; and has a groove M turned or otherwise formed in it for the reception
of the forked end N of a lever N', which has its fulcrum at in the forked
stud secured to the standard B by the nut " To the lower end of this
lever N a treadlo N" is fixed, or it may be formed in a piece with it, as it

page_text: is merely tlie lever lengthened by a part being turned or bent at a right angle,
or nearly so, to the lever N¹: The collar L is always kept close up to the
standard B by a spring O, one end of which is attached to the collar M by
a screw or pin O', and the other end to the standard B by a pin or button O":
So long as the collar is kept close up to the standard B the cutting nippers
will remain open to allow the threaded wire to pass. When it is necessary to
cut the wire the treadle N is depressed, which causes the forked end N of
the lever N¹ to slide the collar L along the hollow shaft C in the direction
of the dies, and by the action of the links L', L", between the collar Land
nipper levers K', K", causes them to spread out or open, and brings the jaws
or cutting edges o, o'; on the opposite side of their fulcrums together through
the wire. The hollow shaft or spindle C is kept up to the dies h, h', by two
collars or discs P, Q, with springs s, s, on guide pins between them. One of
the discs P is secured in a proper position on the spindle C by a set screw t,
the other disc Q is loose on the spindle C, and abuts against the boss on the
standard B. The helical springs 8, s, on their guides have constantly a
tendency to separate the discs P and Q, and thus keep the end of the
spindle C close up to the dies. A hole R is cut through the spindle C for
the purpose of taking out or withdrawing the turned up end of the wire.
S is a regulating stop for preventing the lever N being moved too far,
whereby the cutting edges o, o', of the nippers are prevented from being
spoiled.
The materials to be united, say, for instance, the soles on to boots or shoes,
after having had the holes bored, as previously described, are held in front of
the machine in such manner that one of the holes will exactly coincide with
the hole in the mouth-piece n.
The handle G is then turned, causing the
bevil wheels F and E, and with them the hollow spindles C and slotted tube
or spindle C', to rotate and carry round with them the wire d, which being
engaged between the dies is drawn forward, threaded, and driven as far as
desired into the sole. The treadle N is depressed, whereby the cutting
edges o, o', of the nippers are brought together, and the wire cut off flush
with the surface of the sole. The treadle is then allowed to rise, when the
operation may be repeated.
In the pegging or uniting of soles to boots it is necessary to use a metal
last, or to insert an iron plate under the last, against which each is
peg
driven.
Although I have described the machines as being driven by hand, I do not
limit myself thereto, as by the adaptation to them of suitable gear they may
be driven by steam or other power.

page_text: And having now described the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, I declare that I claim,-
First, the machinery and apparatus, herein-before described, for making
and boring leather and other similar substances.
Second, the machinery for forming a screw thread upon a metal rod, and
for cutting off such screw threaded rods, as herein-before described.
And, third, the uniting of leather and other similar materials by means of
screw pegs formed and driven, or formed, driven, and cut off in the manner
herein-before described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Esteves Blanchon, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Fifteenth day of May, One thousand eight hundred
and fifty-seven.
ESTEVES BLANCHON. (L.s.)