Riveting, or Shearing, Operated by Explosive Gases.
Year: 1885

page_text: Riveting, or Shearing, Operated by Explosive Gases.
I JAMES ROBSON of 32 Queenshead Lane Handsworth, in the County of
Stafford Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of my invention for IMPROVE-
MENTS IN MACHINES OPERATED BY EXPLOSIVE GASES, to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to improvements in operating and regulating machines
worked by the explosion of gases, and used for hammering, stamping, punching
riveting or shearing.
Where a vertical cylinder is used the piston with its rod and hammer or other
tool attached is drawn up to the top of its stroke by springs against a buffer of
alternate plates of metal and leather or other soft material ou its rod between the
hammer and the bottom cylinder cover. The lower end of the cylinder is open to
the atmosphere, a second piston is used in the upper end of this cylinder or in an
adjoining cylinder for drawing in a charge of gas and air between them this being
exploded forces the hammer piston down when the charging piston is at the top of
its stroke it covers an exhaust port in the cylinder's side to lessen the cushioning
of gases between the charging piston and cylinder cover, when this piston is at the
top a channel is formed in the cylinder's side to allow the gases to pass from its
top to the underside.
When the charging piston descends it uncovers the exhaust port, a lift valve is
used on this piston to allow the burnt gases to pass from its under to its upper
side and then out of the exhaust port when the pistons are approaching each
other.
When the cylinders are not water cased a number of ribs or projections are
formed on the outside to radiate the beat.
The charging piston is worked by a connecting rod and crank on a fly wheel
shaft which may be moved by hand or foot with or without multiplying motion or
by a connection from the hammer rod and a catch taking into teeth, or a friction
gripper on the crank disc.
Or the charging piston may be worked by the explosion being made before it
arrives at the top of its stroke in this case the lift valve on it is not used as its
upper surface is open to the atmosphere and an exhaust valve is opened by an
eccentric on its descent,

page_text: The gases are drawn in through a slide or self acting lift valve into a tube and
mixed by passing through plates or wire gauze and then pass into the cylinder, a
hole in the side of this tube closed by an inward lift valve admits an outside flame
to be drawn into the tube and explode the gases when the charging piston is
approaching the top of its stroke, the explosion is caused at the right time by a
lever or shield being moved from between the hole and the flame, allowing the
flame to enter on the lever is a pin which goes into the igniting hole and frees the
lift valve from its seat should it fasten with dirt or oil, or the explosion may be
caused by moving a shield from between a gas flame and the air and gas entrance
valve this allows the flame to enter and explode the entering gases.
The cylinder may be oiled by pending cotton or other wicks from the hammer
piston dipping into an oil channel on the bottom of the cylinder.
For regulating the force of the explosion and hammer or other tool the gas
supply cock may be opened more or less, or a cock on the cylinder's side may be
opened and allow more or less of the explosion to escape out an outward lifting
valve may be used to close the end of this cock to prevent air being drawn in
when the piston is drawing in its charge.
Or a valve on the gas supply may be opened by an inclined cam on the fly wheel
shaft so as to allow air alone to enter the cylinder for any portion of the stroke
and then gas and air for explosion, the cam can be moved along a key or feather
on the shaft so as to vary the time of opening the gas valve or a lever between the
gas valve spindle and the cam may be moved along the cam by a handle and screw
or other motion.

page_text: Improvements in Machines for Hammering, Stamping, Punching,
Riveting, or Shearing, Operated by Explosive Gases.
I, JAMES ROBSON of 32 Queenshead Lane Handsworth in the County of Stafford
Engineer do hereby declare the nature of my invention for IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINES OPERATED BY EXPLOSIVE GASES and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement
My Invention relates to improvements in operating and regulating machines
worked by the explosion of gases and used for hammering stamping punching
riveting or shearing.
Where a vertical cylinder is used the piston with its rod and hammer or other
tool attached is drawn up to the top of its stroke by springs against a buffer of
alternate plates of metal and leather or other soft material on its rod between the
hammer and the bottom cylinder cover The lower end of the cylinder is open to
the atmosphere a second piston is used in the upper end of this cylinder or in an
adjoining cylinder for drawing in a charge of gas and air between them this being
exploded forces the hammer piston down when the charging piston is at the top of
its stroke it covers an exhaust port in the cylinder's side to lessen the cushioning
of gases between the charging piston and cylinder cover when this piston is at the
top a channel is formed in the cylinder's side to allow the gasses to pass from its
top to the under side. When the charging piston descends it uncovers the exhaust
port a lift valve is used on this piston to allow the burnt gases to pass from its
under to its upper side and then out of the exhaust port when the pistons are
approaching each other.
When the cylinders are not water cased a number of ribs or projections are
formed on the outside to radiate the heat.
The charging piston is worked by a connecting rod and crank on a fly wheel
shaft which may be moved by hand or foot with or without multiplying motion or
by a connection from the hammer rod and a catch taking into teeth or a friction
gripper on the crank disc.
Or the charging piston may be worked by the explosion being made before
it arrives at the top of its stroke in this case the lift valve on it is not used as its
upper surface is open to the atmosphere and an exhaust valve is opened by an
eccentric on its descent..
The gases are drawn in through a slide or self acting lift valve into a tube and
mixed by passing through plates or wire gauze and then pass into the cylinder, a
hole in the side of this tube closed by an inward lift valve admits an outside flame
to be drawn into the tube and explode the gases when the charging piston is
approaching the top of its stroke the explosion is caused at the right time by a
lever or shield being moved from between the hole and the flame allowing the flame
to enter on the lever is a pin which goes into the igniting hole and frees the lift
valve from its seat should it fasten with dirt or oil or the explosion may be caused
by moving a shield from between a gas flame and the air and gas entrance valve
this allows the flame to enter and explode the entering gases.

page_text: supply cock may be opened more or less or a cock on the cymmers side may
opened and allow more or less of the explosion to escape out an outward lifting
valve may be used to close the end of this cock to prevent air being drawn in when
the piston is drawing in its charge.
Or a valve on the gas supply may be opened by an inclined cam on the fly
wheel shaft so as to allow air alone to enter the cylinder for any portion of the
stroke and then gas and air for explosion the cam can be moved along a key or
feather on the shaft so as to vary the time of opening the gas valve or a lever
between the gas valve spindle and the cam may be moved along the cam by a
handle and screw or other motion.
DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS.
Figs. A and B show the arrangement for hammering stamping punching riveting
or shearing 1. is the machine frame to which the cylinder 2 is fixed 3. is the
piston and rod with the hammer 4 or other tool attached metallic or other
springs 5. are connected by attachments 6. and cross head 7. to the hammer 4.
draw the hammer and piston 3 to the top of its stroke against a buffer stop 8.
made of alternate plates of metal and leather or other soft material the cylinder
cover has air holes 9. through it and guides the hammer rod the piston 3. has on
it pendant oil wicks of cotton or chain 10, which dip into the oil.channel 11. on the
cylinder cover for oiling the cylinder.
In the upper end of the cylinder is a second or charging piston 12. its rod
passing through and guided by the upper cover 13. this piston has lift valves 14.
an exhaust port 15. and gas and air supply portway 16. and gas and air valve 17.
enlarged view at Figs. C. D. and E. in which the valve 17. closes the gas
port 18. and air ports 19. the gas and air are thoroughly mixed in passing through
the wire gauze or perforated plates 20.
The charging piston is worked by a connecting rod 21 and crank 22. on the
shaft 23, 24 is a fly wheel and handle for turning. 25 is a channel in the
cylinder's side to prevent over compression on the charging piston's upper side by
allowing the gases to pass to the underside when this piston is at the top of its
stroke.
The action is thus the charging piston rising draws in a charge of gas or vapour
and air through the valve 17 and tube 16, when the piston is near the top it covers
the exhaust port 15. and lifts a lever or shield 26. from between a hole 27 in the
side of the tube and a flame 28. shown larger in Fig. F allowing the flame to be
drawn into the tube and explode the gases, a small lift valve 29 closes the hole
a pin 30 on the lever 26 enters the hole and frees this valve from its seat should
it fasten with oil or dirt the lever 26 is moved by a pin 31 on the connecting
rod 21 another flame 32 is for relighting the flame 28. if blown out
33 is a cone for
feeding Hame 28 with air on the explosion of the gases the piston 3 and hammer
is propelled down to the anvil 33 and raised up by the springs 5 when the pistons
are approaching each other the exhaust gases are forced through the valve 14 to the
upper side of the piston 12 and out of the exhaust port 15.
The charging piston wheel and shaft may be moved by hand or with foot single
or multiplying motion or by being connected to the hammer piston by rod 34 and
lever 35 on which is a catch or excentric friction gripper 36 to move the crank
disc 22.
The charging piston 12 may be in a seperate cylinder Fig. G communicating
either with the top or bottom of the hammer cylinder by a portway 37 and open
at its top to the atmosphere by holes 38 gas and air supply port 16 and exhaust
port and valve 39 moved by eccentric 40 on fly wheel shaft 41 as the piston 12
àpproaches the top of its stroke the explosion is made as before described and

page_text: propels the piston 12 to the end of its stroke and being connected by the rod 21
to the crank 22 turns the shaft and fly wheel when this arrangement is connected
to the underside of the hammer piston it propels the hammer up and it falls by its
own weight and the pressure of the air which is compressed above it in the cylinder
in this arrangement the charge is drawn in by the ascent of the piston 12 and the
exhaust expelled by its descent out of the valve 39.
In Fig. A, 42 is a lever for working a punch riveting or other tool attached
at 43 the lever 42 being worked by the hammer piston rod.
To regulate the force of the explosion and hammer or other tool the gas supply
cock may be more or less opened or a cock or valve 43 may be opened to allow
more or less of the explosive force to escape out of the cylinder an outward lifting
valve 44 may be used to prevent air being drawn in. Or the arrangement in
Figs. H. I. and J. may be used. 45 is the gas supply cock a valve 46 is opened
sooner or later by means of an inclined cam 47 moving with the shaft 23. and fly
wheel 24 so as to allow air alone to enter the cylinder for any portion of the stroke
and then air and gas for explosion the valve 46 is held on its seat by a spring 48
and its spindle 49 made gas tight by a flexible diaphragm 50, the spindle 49 rests
upon a lever 51 which is pivoted on a sleeve and handle 52 this sleeve and
lever 51 can be moved along a pin 53 by moving the handle up or down in a screw
formed incline 54 Fig.. J. this moves the lever 51 on or off the inclined cam 47
thus raising the spindle 49 and valve 46 sooner or later as the cam revolves. Or
the cam could be moved along the shaft under the lever 51.
When the cylinder in these machines is not water cased I make projections 54
to radiate the excess of heat.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
Invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim is
1st In the above described machines the use of air or incombustible gaseous fluid
seperate from the explosive charge in the cylinder for the purposes herein set
forth.
2nd In the above machines the means of proportioning the air or inexplodable
and explodable gaseous fluids for regulating the force of the explosion and hammer
as described and shewn at Figs. H. I. and J.
3rd In the above machines actuating the charging piston and crank shaft by the
explosive force of the gases as shewn at Fig. G.
4th In the above machines the use of a channel in the cylinder's side to equalize
the pressure above and below the charging piston as shewn at Fig. A.
5th In the above machines the use of a cock to let part of the explosive force
out, which may or may not be closed by a valve as shewn at Fig. A. for the purpose
herein set forth.
6th In the above machines the use of a laminated buffer stop as shewn at Fig. A.
7th In the above machines the use of a tube conveying the explodable gases to
the cylinder in which mixing plates or wire gauze is fixed and a lighting hole
closed by an internal self closing valve moved by an outside pin as shewn at
Figs. C and F.