IMPROVEMENTS ON THE JACQUARD MACHINE AND ON WHAT IS CALLED THE TEN Box LAY, AND ON THE READING AND STAMPING MACHINES USED IN MAKING SHAWLS AND OTHER FIGURED WORK
Year: 1836

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JAMES
MORISON, of Paisley, North Britain, Manufacturer, send greeting.
WHEREAS His present most Excellent Majesty King William the Fourth,
by His Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date at
Westminster, the Eighth day of March, in the sixth year of His reign, did, for
Himself, His heirs, and successors, give and grant unto me, the said James
Morison, His especial licence, full power, sole privilege and authority, that I,
the said James Morison, my exors, adiñors, and assigns, or such others as
I, the said James Morison, my exors, adññors, or assigns, should at any time
agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times during the
term of years therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, usc, exercise,
and vend, within England, Wales, and the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed,
my Invention, of "IMPROVEMENTS ON THE JACQUARD MACHINE AND ON WHAT
IS CALLED THE TEN Box LAY, AND ON THE READING AND STAMPING MACHINES USED
IN MAKING SHAWLS AND OTHER FIGURED WORK;" in which said Letters Patent
is contained a proviso, that I, the said James Morison, shall cause a particular
description of the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be inrolled in His said Majesty's High Court of
Chancery within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of
the said in part recited Letters Patent, as in and by the same, reference being
thereunto had, will more fully and at large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
James Morison, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention, and the

page_text: :
manner in which the same is to be performed, are fully described and ascer-
tained in and by the following statement thereof, reference being had to the
Drawings hereunto annexed or attached, and to the figures and letters marked
thereon, that is to say:-
My Invention consists of the improvements, herein-after mentioned and
described, on the jacquard machine and on the ten box lay and reading and
stamping or cutting machines used in making shawls and other figured work.
It is not necessary for me to describe here the jacquard machine and the
ten box lay, nor the reading and stamping machines whereon my improve-
ments are engrafted, these being well-known and previously in use, and no
part of what I claim; but assuming that the reader is already acquainted
with these machines, I shall proceed to describe the nature of the improve-
ments thereon secured to me by the said Letters Patent, and in what manner
the same is performed by me, and which I think will be best done by
reference to the Drawings or Figures hereunto attached, and the following
description thereof.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Figure 1, on one of the Sheets attached, shews a side view of part of the
figuring machinery of a jacquard loom and harness, likewise a section of the
lifting bar and lifting blades, which will enable me to explain my method of
arranging the lifting wires and working the lifting blades, being part of my
Invention for which I obtained the said Patent. A, A, A, A, is a frame; B, is a
lifting bar, and a, a, a, a, a section of each alternate lifting blade; b, b, b, b, are the
other alternate blades; c, c, c, c, c, c, the lifting wires from which threads pass
down to the harness. (1), are the leads; (2), the mails; (3), the hole board;
(4) is the knot on the two threads made after they pass through the hole board.
One thread is taken from the first knot and one thread from the second, after
which these two threads are attached to the thread from the first lifting
wire; the other thread from the second knot and one from the third knot
are in like manner attached to the second lifting wire, and so on, the
threads are regularly attached in the same manner to the lifting wires till the
harness is completed. This method of working the shifting bars and
arranging the lifting wires is only applicable to harnesses tied in the
manner above mentioned; but the harness above described is well know.i
in the trade, and not claimed by me as part of my Invention. The othe
parts of my improvements on the jacquard machine may be applied to or used
on all kinds of jacquard looms. d, d, d, are horizontal needles, that press on
the cards, and each horizontal needle guides two of the lifting wires c, c. The

page_text: lifting blades a, a, are thrown forward as herein-after explained, so that they
catch the hooks of the lifting wires, while the blades b, b, are thrown back.
One set of the cards or colours is wrought by the blades a, a, catching the
hooks of the lifting wires; then the lifting blades a, a, are thrown back, and
the alternate lifting blades b, b, are thrown forward in the manner herein-after
explained, so as to catch the hooks, when another set of cards or colours are
wrought, and so on alternately. Figure 2 is a thin piece of iron (exhibited
on a large scale,) for supporting one end of the lifting blades, with holes
cut into it to allow the top of the lifting blades to be thrown backward and
forward through their required spaces. Figure 3 is two lifting blades, also
exhibited on a large scale, each having a notch cut out to allow the shifting
bar of the alternate set to move freely. Figure 4 is a shifting bar, having
small cuts in the bottom of it, which act on the top of the lifting blades. Two
of these shifting bars are required for each end of the lifting blades, one to
throw back and the other to throw forward each alternate blade. Figure 5 is
a plan view of a section of the lifting bar, with the lifting blades, shifting
bars, and the pulley that turns them. Figure 6 is a flat piece of wood
resting on the board which supports the lifting wires, and which moves on a
centre at e, having two iron tongs on the top, passing up between the lifting
blades as the lifting bar descends. One of the tongs strikes a small piece of
iron projecting from a pulley placed on the lifting bar immediately above the
shifting bars, to which pulley the shifting bars are attached. This flat piece of
wood is moved by one of the horizontal needles which press on the cards, so
that when the needle comes to a hole in the card, one of the tongs strikes the
projection from the pulley. When the needle does not meet a hole in the
card, it is pushed back, and the other tong moves the pulley in a contrary
way by striking a projection on the other side of the pulley. It will be
evident from the arrangement of the lifting wires on Figure 1, that in place of
the lifting blades with one lifting bar, the same thing may be performed by
two lifting bars, on which lifting blades can be fixed, as will be seen repre-
sented in Figure 9. a, a, a, a, a, are the lifting blades on one of the bars C, C;
then b, b, b, b, b, are the lifting blades on the lifting bar D, D, so that C, C,
may be lifted a sufficient height inside the blades b, b, b, b, b, to let the weft.
go through, then the lifting bar D, D, may be wrought, while C, C, remains.
stationary.
Figure 7 is the same every way as Figure 1, and all the working is the
same as described above in reference to the said Figure, excepting that the knot
cords c, c, &c., are here used in place of the lifting wires used in Figure 1;.
and the combs a, a, and b, b, are here used in place of the lifting blades..

page_text: on
Both the knot cords and the combs are common to jacquard machines..
Figure 8 shews a comb on a large scale, with the teeth cut into it, on the back
of which a piece of wire is trimed, to causo the knots to slide easily into the
teeth of the comb, when the lifting bar falls. When each set of cards or
colours have to bo wrought twice, I use the following method to return them:
Figure 1 is a pulley, with a section cut off the top and bottom, on which the
catches f. f, that turn the cylinder rest. g is another pulloy with a section
cut off the bottom on which the lever h rests, and i is a piece of wire that
joins the lever h to a pin in the pulley e. j is a cord attached to the pulley g,
going down to a small tongue on the treadle. k, a cord from the hammer
the squares the cylinder, passes over the pulley v, down to the tongue on the
treadle k. When the treadle k and the tongue are depressed, they raise tho
hammer, and throw the catches clear of the cylinder, so that the cards turn
hack by the weight z, to be hereafter described, and the weaver commences to
repeat the same colours the second time. mis a flat piece of iron attached to
the lifting bar, and has teeth out in it; which act on pins in the pulley g, and
cause the pulley to return to its place. Figure 10 represents the front viow
of a section of the cylinder; a part of the end of the cylinder is turned round,
which is a brass collar, having a pin in the side, which passes into a hole.
in the squaro of the cylinder. The brass collar is guided by the upright lever p
moving on the centre by cords passing round the pulleys .t. and v, so that
when the cords is pulled, as herein-after described, the brass collar is thrown
back from the square of the cylinder, and the cylinder works freely with
out taking the collar with it, and when the cord w is pulled, as afterwards
explained, the collar is pressed on the square of the cylinder, the pin in the brass
collar passes into the cylinder and raises the weight till all the colours but
the last of the set are wove; when the weaver depresses the tongue and treadle
for the last card of the set, the hammer and catches are removed from
the cylinder, when the weight falls down and returns the cards to the first of
the set, the weight being suspended by cords attached at the top of the brass
collar, one end going on one sido and the other end on the other side; both pass
through the weight, and are attached to two small balls, on which the weight
rests, so that whatever. way the collar turns the weight rises and always
returns the cylinder to the same place. Figure 1, the cards s and w which
pass round pulley v are attached to the pulley c, which is moved by the
notch bars D and E acting on the two pins in the pulley C. The notched-bars
are attached to each other by a cord passing over the pulley f; the notched
bar D is attached to the first and third pressing leaves; the notched bar E is
attached to the second and fourth pressing leaves; and when the weaver

page_text: depresses the notched bar D the collar is thrown off the square of the cylinder,
and when he depresses the notch bar E the collar is thrown on the square of
the cylinder. Above Figure 7 is a frame and counterpoise weights which
I shall next describe, and the manner in which they must be attached to the
jacquard harness, remarking that this description refers chiefly to harnesses
when knot cords are used instead of lifting wires.
A, A, is a frame resting on a piece of wood on the top of the jacquard
machine; 1, 1, 1, &c. are the knots that rest on the top of the board to which
the whole harness is suspended; 2, 2, 2, &c., are the ends of the cords
which must be attached to the knots 1, 1, 1, &c.; 3, 3, represent a board
through which the cords 2, 2, &c., pass going over the pulleys 4, 4, &c., and to
which the weights 5, 5, &c., are suspended. The board 3, 3, is attached to the
lifting bar by rods at each end, and when the lifting bar is down, the board 3, 3,
rests upon the knots 1, 1, and when the bar is raised, whatever cords rise
with it, the corresponding weights 5, 5, &c., descend, which removes a con-
siderable part of the weight of the barness to the workman. It is evident
that the weights 5, 5, &c. must be lighter than the weights attached to
the harness, the proportion depending on the arrangement of the harness.
Figure 11 represents so much of a ten box lay as will shew the manner in
which I attach the colour cords to it. The colour cords for each respective
card pass through a hole in a flat piece of iron having a small notch to hold
a knot on the colour cord; the cords pass up through one of the horizontal
needles to a lever which extends to one side of the lay; the ends of these
levers are attached to small squares (1), and these squares are attached to the
small pulleys (2). The pulleys are placed on the upper shell of the lay, each
having a section cut from the top on which the shifting rod (3) rests. The
cords which draw the catches which hold the boxes of the lay are attached to
a pin that rests on the top of the shifting rod, and do not move horizontally with
it though they are raised by it, so that when the pulley is drawn half round
it, it lifts the shifting rod which pulls the cord attached to the catches which
hold the boxes, and which throws the catches out of the rack that is placed in.
the back of the boxes.
The shifting rod is attached to the handle that raises and lowers the boxes.
The part of the shifting rod which rests on the pulleys is an inch broad, but
the remaining part of the rod is only half an inch broad. When the first
pulley is turned it raises the shifting rod, which throws the catches off the boxes;
the handle is pushed forward by the workman, and the broad part of the shifting
rod then falls on the next pulley, allowing the catches again to hold or support
the boxes, so that whatever pulley or colour card is drawn when the broad part

page_text: of the shifting rod passes it fulls down, and the catches keep the boxes in their
proper place. The lever (4) in Figure 11 moving on its own centre is
attached to the handle of the shifting rod, which when pressed down by the
workman assists in removing the catches from the boxes by acting on the pin
that rests on the top of the shifting rod.
Figs. 12 is a front view of a reading and stamping or cutting machine;
B, B, B, is the frame; 2, 3, 4, and 5, are plates bored in the same way as
a is'
plates are usually bored for machines for cutting or perforating cards.
the strong bar turning on journals at each side of the frame with strong
arms b, b; C is another strong bar with two knobs d, d, opposite the arms b, b;
C likewise turns on journals at the back side of the frame; e is a long lever on
the end of the bar C; f, f, are two catches on the sides of the frame moving
on pins in the centre of the catches, the tops being connected by a small
rod g; two similar catches to these are placed behind the plates on the frame;
is the form of a cutting punch tapered a little at the bottom with a small
ruff to keep them in the plates; 2 and 3 are plates bored for the punches, the
lower one 2 is hollowed out (on the top) through the centre about a quarter
of an inch deep, which allows the rough of the punch to go up and down
between the plates 2 and 3 while the card is cutting. The punches are placed
in the lower plate 2, to which plate 3 is rivetted; 4 is another plate which the
punches pass through, and which serves to remove the card when cut from
the punches; 5 is the cutting plate about an inch and a half thick, having a
hollow on the top in the centre a quarter of an inch deep at one end, and
gradually increasing to about three quarters of an inch deep at the other end,
which allows the cuttings of the paper to be cleared out and removed; (6) of
Figure 12 is a bar of iron with two projections, on which the arms b, b, rest;
Figure 13 is a more extended view of the plates 2, 3, 4, and 5, and the bar 6
of Figure 12; 7, 7, of Figure 12 are two wires attached to a beam above, from
which the whole plates are suspended. The plates 2 and 3 are suspended about
a quarter of an inch below the plate 4. The plate 4 is suspended about an inch
and a half below the plate 5, which allows room to place the card on the plate 4
for cutting. Figure 14 is a thin plate board to correspond to the other plates
already described. It is rivetted to a flat piece of iron, and the figure is read or
placed into it by filling the holes in the plate with small picces of iron.
plate is then placed below the others in the machine, and the other plates with
the bar 6 are all lowered down upon it, which causes the arms b, b, to fall
below the knobs d, d, d. The workman then presses the lever e, and this
causes the knobs d, d, to act on the arms b, b, which presses the cutting plate
on the punches that rest on the small pieces of iron read in the holes of the
This

page_text: under plate, the other punches in the plate passing into the holes which are
not filled with pieces of iron, and when the workman raises the lever c into an
iron hook suspended from the far side of the beam, he depresses the hook by
the lever e, which raises the whole of the plates excepting 2 and 8, and the
catches ff, keep them down till the card is cleared from the cutting punches,
after which the catches are removed and the plates drawn up, and plate 14 is
taken out and the workman is ready to put another plate in immediately, a.id
to go on cutting or perforating the cards as before: Figure 15 is an end view of
the cutting machine and plates as used by me; No. 8 of Figure 15 exhibits a
small spring on the plate 4, Figure 12, on which the card is laid to be cut,
which spring when the plates are lowered down, presses the plate 4, Figure 12,
up to the cutting plate 5 above it in Figure 12. By having a number of
plates at hand similar to Figure 14, one man may cut for a number of readers.
But I do not confine myself to the employment of the precise construction
of apparatus above described, as several variations may be made without
deviating from the principles of my Invention; and although in the above
description of my Invention, and the manner of performing the same, I have
shewn several parts which are the same or similar to those previously in use
in jacquard looms and reading and stamping machines, I lay no claim to the
The principles of my Invention, and what I claim as secured by the
said Letters Patent are the method of arranging the lifting wires, and the
manner of working the lifting blades or combs in the jacquard machine; tho
method of returning the cards to be wrought a second time; the counterpoiso
weights for reducing the weight of the harness to the weaver; the manner of
attaching the colour cords to the lay, whereby the colours in the different boxes
of the lay are made to correspond to the colours which the cards respectively
represent; and the method of reading and stamping the flower on the cards,
and the using a number of plates, into which small pieces of iron are read, all
as particularly described and explained above, and on the said Drawings
hereto attached and referred to.
same.
In witness whereof, I, the said James Morison, have hereunto set my
hand and seal this Twenty-sixth day of August, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and thirty-siv
TAG T
Taken and acknowledge by James Morison,
(party hereto) at Paisley, the Twenty-sixth
day of August 1836, before me,
JAMES (L.s.) MORISON.

page_text: This is the Specification referred in the affidavit of James Brown, sworn at
the Public Office this 7th day of September 1836, before me,
W. BROUGHAM.
JAMES BROWN, of Friday Street, Cheapside, in the City of London, Gentle-
man, maketh oath that he is acquanted with the handwriting of William
Brown, Justice of the Peace for Renfrewshire, and that the signature attached
to the acknowledgment of James Morison's Specification is to the best of his
belief the handwriting of the said William Brown. And he further swears
that the said William Brown was at the time of receiving such acknowledg-
ment a justice of the peace for the County of Renfrewshire in Scotland.
JAMES BROWN.