CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY APPLICABLE TO MAKING NAILS, PINS, AND RIVETS
Year: 1840

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
SOUTHWOOD STOCKER, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her present most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date at West-
minster, the Second day of June, in the third year of Her reign, did, for
Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said William
Southwood Stocker, Her especial licence, full power, sole privilege and authority,
that I, the said William Southwood Stocker, my exors, adñors, and assigns,
or such others as I, the said William Southwood Stocker, my exors, adññors,
or assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time
and at all times during the term of years therein expressed, should and lawfully
might make, use, exercise, and vend, within England, Wales, and the Town
of Berwick-upon-Tweed, my Invention of "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY
APPLICABLE TO MAKING NAILS, PINS, AND RIVETS;" in which said Letters Patent
is contained a proviso that I, the said William Southwood Stocker, shall cause
a particular description of the nature of my said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be inrolled in Her said Majesty's
High Court of Chancery within six calendar months next and immediately
after the date of the said in part recited Letters Patent, as in and by
the same, reference being thereunto had, will more fully and at large
appear.

page_text: Figure 1 represents an elevation, and Figure 2 a plan of a machine, con-
structed according to the first part of my Invention. Figure 3 is an end eleva-
tion thereof: Figure 4 shews some of the parts separately on the same scale
as the previous Figures. Figures 5 and 6 shew some of the parts on a larger
scale. In all these Figures the same letters are employed to indicate similar
parts. a, a, is the framing of the machinery, the nature of which is clearly
shewn in the Drawings. is an axis, which receives motion from a steam
engine or other power, by means of an endless strap acting on the drum c, as
is well understood. d is a pinion on the axis b, which is caused to turn with
that axis, but is capable of being slided thereon by the lever e, in order to put
-the-pinion-into-and-out-of-action-with the cog wheel-f, as is well understood
by machinists. The cog wheel f is affixed on the shaft or axis g, which
turns in suitable bearings at g', the axis g being a cranked axis, as is shewn
in the Drawing. his is a connecting rod from the crank g to the sliding
frame i, by which motion from the crank g is transmitted-to-the frame i,
thereby obtaining a to and fro sliding motion to the frame i. The frame i
consists of four bars 2, 2, 3, 4, which are combined together by the end
plate i, the ends of which plate i work on parallel guides j, formed or affixed
on the side framings of the machine. The other ends of the four bars
,,,,being combined. together-by-means-of-the-plate ; there being a
hole through such plate, in order to allow of the plate moving to and fro
on the tube hereafter described, through which the bars are passed to. be
forged by the working of the machine, as hereafter explained. The connecting
rod from the crank g is attached by a pin joint to the plate i, as is shewn,
and the bars 1, 2, 3, in addition to their being supported by the plate i,
working on the guides j, are also supported and caused to work correctly in
their to and fro movement by means of those bars passing through holes
formed in the circular plate k, as is shewn in the Drawings. The plate k is
affixed vertically in the framing of the machine, and is supported. and
stayed by means of the stay rods 1, 1, affixed. to the plate k, and in the
side framings of the machine. In the centre of the. plate k is formed
an opening in the shape of a cross, within which the bars , 22, 2,
.

page_text: move, and are guided and supported by projections at their sides, as
shewn particularly at the sectional view, where the parts are shewn on
a larger scale than the other parts of the Drawings. The bars 27, 2³, 2³, it,
carry what I call forging tools, which consist of rollers m, m, such rollers
having their axes carried by means of sliding bars n, as is shewn in the
Drawings, such sliding bars n moving in openings formed in the bars 1, 2, 2ª, 2ª,
and are capable of sliding freely through such bars; and to facilitate the
taking out and replacing the bars n, the bars 1, 2, 3, 4, have plates screwed
thereon at one side, the removal of which allows of the bars n being taken out
from the grooves formed in the bars ,,,, and such plates when screwed
in their places retain the sliding bars n' correct, but allow of their sliding
freely through their bars. At the other end of each of the bars n is applied
a friction roller, which works against an inclined plane o, such inclined plane
being carried by the plate k, and according to the figure of such inclined
plane o so will be the effect of forging produced on the bar of iron under
operation. Thus supposing the bar of iron p introduced into the machine were
square or of other angular figure, and each of the rollers m had a semicircular
groove around it, the effect of working the machine would be that so much
of the bar as protruded beyond the end of the tube q would be forged into a
cylindrical figure. By this means may be the stems of bolts or large pins
be made cylindrical and the upper parts left angular. The tube 7 is affixed.
in front of the machine, and enables the workman to pass a rod of iron into
the machine, the end of such bar being heated to the extent it is intended
to forge it by the tools 'm; and it will be seen that only so much of the heated
rod as protrudes through the tube q will be operated on by the tools m,
hence the length of cylindrical stem may be according to the will of the
workman, there being a guage m³, which he can adjust to the length required;
and having forged the length of stem required, the workman will remove
the rod, and have sufficient length cut off for forming the pin or bolt required).
which may have a head forged or formed thereon, according to any of the
well known means, or by the aid of the machine hereafter explained. If instead
of the tools m being grooved they were plain, and were caused to approach
gradually together by their inclined planes, they would forge the heated rod
into a four sided point suitable for spikes, and if the tools m were only used
on two sides of the heated rod, it would taper it into a chisel point; and in
either case proper lengths being cut off the rod, such lengths would be
proper for spikes, which may have heads formed thereon by any of the well
known means, or by the aid of a machine hereafter explained. The heated
rod having been inserted into the machine through the pipe 7, it is held

page_text: securely during the forging process, by means of the pressing lever r, as is
shewn, such lever being raised up after the tools m have worked by means of
a lever s, which is raised by means of a cam on the axis g.
Figures 7 and 8 shows the variations in the machine above explained, when
making spikes or nails with four-sided points. In this case the rollers m are plain,
and in order to prevent the spike or nail turning or bending at the forged part,
in consequence of the strain thereon, I apply holding instruments t, which
slide on the bars 1, 2, and have springs which tend to keep them outwards,.
and they are pressed in by inclined planes, and hold the nail or spike, as the
tools or rollers m pass away, as will readily be traced on examining the figures
of the Drawings now under description.
Figures 9 and 10 shew such variations of the machinery before described
as I use when making spikes with chisel points. In this case I prefer that
there should be projecting flanges, on one of each pair of the rollers m, in
order to confine the metal at the edges, and I cause the rollers m to be
driven by means of cog wheels on their axes, and I apply two fixed and
stationary racks, consequently as the frame i moves to and fro, the pinions on
the axes of the rollers m take into the fixed toothed racks v, affixed in the
opening of the frame or circular plate k. In other respects the various
parts of a machine will be similar to what I have above described, and a
workman from the above description, aided by the various Drawings referred.
to, will readily construct a machine according to my Invention to make the.
article he desires.
I will now proceed to describe suitable machines for forming heads to-rivets
and pins.
Figure 11 shews a plan, Figure 12 a front view, and Figure 13
a longitudinal section of a machine, constructed according to this part of my
Invention; and it will be seen that the machine is so formed that it will cut
from a rod and head whilst in the same dic. A is the bed plate and framing
of the machine. B is a cranked axis, with a fly wheel C-and-drums-D and E
and by means of an endless strap motion may be communicated to the
machine from a steam engine or other power. F is a connecting rod from the
axis B to the lever arm G, such lever arm G carrying the heading die H, and
the lever arm is guided by means of the guide I, which consists of-two-guide
plates, between which the lever arm G moves. J is the hollow die to receive
the stem of the rivet or pin, such die being received into a recess formed
in the projection K of the bed plate, as is shewn. At the back end of the
die is formed a hole somewhat less than the stem of a pin, which the die
itself is capable of receiving, and in this such smaller hole a rod L works,
which has an enclosed end which fits in the die and slides therein, and it is

page_text: against this enlarged end of the rod L that the end of the stem of a rivet or
pin to be headed comes, as is shewn in Figure 11 by dotted lines. M is a
sliding rod, which rests against the back end of the rod L, such rod M
having a spiral spring, which tends to draw the rod towards the back of the
machine, and to cause the roller at the other end at all times to rest against
the cam N, which causes the rivet or pin to be driven out of the die when
complete. 0, 0, are a pair of shears, which cut off the length of metal from
a rod. P is an axis, which receives motion from the axis B, by means of
bevel toothed wheels, as shewn, and on the axis P are affixed two projections Q,
which coming against the outer ends of the chaps of the shears, cause the shears
to be closed to cut off the length of metal which has been inserted into the
die. In using this machine a workman takes a heated rod, and places the
end into the die at the time the shears are open and the heading dic away,.
and such heated rod may be one of the rods which has been forged in the
machine first described, or in fact any other rod, so long as the interior of the
die is shaped accordingly, and the working of the machine will cause the
length to be cut off the heated end of the rod, and the heading die will form
the head on such cut-off piece, and the rivet or pin so heated will be driven
out and allow of a fresli piece being inserted.
Figure 14 shows a plan of a machine for heading spikes or nails, similar.
to those formed in the machines above explained. In this case the heated
and forged end of the rod is held in grooved dies, one of which is fixed, and the
other moves with a lever holder R, such lever holder being worked by means of
two cams affixed on the axis P, the cam S being to open the dies, and the
cam T being to close the dies; V being a stop against. which the forged joint
of the rod concs, and thus is the length to be cut off guaged, such stop:
being capable of adjustment to or from the shears. In other respects this
machine is similar to that last described, and it will readily be understood
that the heated and forged end of the rod is to be inserted. between the dies
when open and the heading die out of the way, and the effect of the working.
of the machine will be to cut off a proper length, and form a head thereon.
when in the dies.
:
Figure 15 shows a plan, Figure 16 a longitudinal section, Figure 17:
a transverse section of a machine for heading pins and rivets; Figure 18.
being a side and front view of the holding dies used therein. A being:
the bed plate and frame of the machine, the nature of which is clearly.
shown in the Drawings. B is a shaft or axis, which receives motion from a;
steam engine or other power, by means of the cog wheel C, which turns:
freely on the axis B, excepting when the clutch box, which slides on the

page_text: axis B, is clutched into the portion on the nave of the wheel, as is well under-
stood by machinists. D is a cam on the axis B, which forces up the sliding
bolt E, to the outer end of which the heading die is affixed, as is shown, and
the sliding bolt E is drawn back by a weight, as is shown. F is a holding
die, in which the length of metal to be headed is placed, and then the die F
is placed into the machine. G is a plate, which is capable of adjustment, as
is shown. In this plate is formed a recess to receive the die, and by means
of a lever catch H the die is held secure whilst heading, and it will be seen
that the length of metal is placed in a horizontal position when the heading
process is being performed, and the holding die is introduced from above and
removed upwards, and by having several such dies with handles, as is shown,
the heated lengths of metal may be inserted in such dies whilst others are.
successively placed in the machine.
I is a stop and guage plate, which is
capable of adjustment, in order to be in a proper position, according to the
length of rivet or pin to be headed.
I will now proceed to explain another part of my Invention, which relates
to a machine for making small cut nails or binds, and it so arranged as to
turn over and cut from several flat plates or strips at the same time, in place
of the ordinary mode of turning over by hand, and cutting from a single strip
of metal. Figure 19 is a plan of a machine, and Figure 20 an elevation
thereof. Figure 21 is a transverse view of the end of the machine, with the
cutters removed. a, a,. is the framing of the machine, the nature of which:
is clearly shown in the Drawings. is an axis receiving motion from a
steam engine or other power. c is a fly wheel affixed on such axis. d is a
crank affixed on the axis b; from the crank d motion is cominunicated to the
moveable cutter c, the frame of which moves in guides f. The cutter e is
caused to rise and fall by means of the rods g, h, the rod g being attached to the
frame of the cutter e by AL pin joint, and the rod h is attached to the top framing
by a pin joint, as is shown, and the rods h and 9 are combined together by
an axis i, which also combines the working of the crank d by a connecting
rod to the rods g and h, as is clearly understood, and is similar to ordinary
machines. jis a fixed blade, against which the cutting blade e acts, to make
the cut, all which are similar to ordinary machines, excepting as to the length
of blades used in this machine. k, k, are a series of holders, having holes
through them. These holders are capable of turning in bearings formed in
the bar 7, and each of the holders has a pinion formed thereon, which is
actuated by a toothed rack m. But I would here remark, that other means of
actuating the holders may be resorted to, without departing from the spirit of my
Invention. The toothed rack m has a projecting flange, by which the pinions

page_text: on the holders & are prevented from moving away, and thus are the holders
retained in their places, and this rack has a to and fro movement communi-
cated thereto by means of the lever n and connecting rod o, the lever being
from time to time actuated by projections on the fly wheel, by which the
holders are caused to moved round, and thus turn over the plates or strips
of metal, and thereby have an angular portion of each plate or strip of metal
cut off by the cutters e. The strips or plates are supported by tubes p, which
are supported at intervals. These tubes p are capable of being slided back
when it is desired to introduce fresh plates or strips. y are other tubes on to
which the tubes p can be slided, and within each of such tubes q is placed
a rod r, which is constantly drawn towards the cutters by a weight and cord,
as shewn, there being a slit cut in each tube q to allow of the projection from
the rod to pass through and move in, hence as the plates or strips of metal
are cut away into small nails or brads, the plates or strips will be continually
forced up to be cut from. In applying fresh strips or plates of metal, the
tubes p are slided back some distance, and the strips introduced at the end
of the tubes, nearest the cutters, and when the strips of metal have been
introduced into the tubes p, and the ends of the plates to be cut introduced
through their holders k, the tubes p are to be slided back and rested on the
supporting cross frame, as shewn, and the machine will go on cutting from
the several plates or strips of metal, each such strip of metal being turned
over between each cut, in such manner that the cut shall be alternately on the
two sides of the strips.
Having thus described the nature of my Invention, I would have it under-
stood that what I claim is,-
First, the mode of combining the forging tools m in a moveable frame, and
means of causing such tools m to approach each other, and forge a length
of iron properly held in a machine, whether for forging the stem of a nail, pin,
or rivet, or for pointing the end thereof, as described.
Secondly, I claim the mode of constructing the heading and cutting
machines as described.
Thirdly, I claim the mode of applying moveable dies into a machine for
heading pins, rivets, or nails. And,
Fourthly, I claim the turning over by machinery and cutting a series of
plates or strips of metal in making cut nails.
In witness, whereof, I, the said William Southwood Stocker, have here-
unto set my hand and seal, this Second day of December, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and forty.
WILLIAM S. (L.S.) STOCKER.

page_text: AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the Second day of December, in the
year of our Lord 1840, the aforesaid William Southwood Stocker came before
our said Lady the Queen in Her Chancery, and acknowledged the Specification
aforesaid, and all and every thing therein contained and specified, in form
above written. And also the Specification aforesaid was stamped according
to the tenor of the Statute made for that purpose.
Inrolled the Second day of December, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and forty.