and Used for Making Packs, Bags, Wrappers, or Coverings.
Year: 1884

page_text: and Used for Making Packs, Bags, Wrappers, or Coverings.
I, SAINT JOHN VINCENT DAY, of 115 St. Vincent Street Glasgow in the
County of Lanark, North Britain, Civil Engineer and Patent Agent do hereby
declare the nature of the said invention for IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE
OF SACKING, BAGGING OR OTHER DESCRIPTION OF CLOTH MADE OF JUTE OR
OTHER VEGETABLE FIBRE, AND USED FOR MAKING PACKS, BAGS, WRAPPERS OR
COVERINGS to be as follows:-
This Invention, which relates to Improvements in the manufacture of sacking,
bagging or other description of cloth made of Jute or other vegetable fibre, and
used for making bags, packs, wrappers or coverings, has for its objects, to prevent
shreds or fibres of the Jute, of which such packs, bags, wrappers or coverings are
generally made, from becoming separated from the cloth and mixed with the
contents, also to increase the strength of the cloth, and to fill up the interstices
thereof, so that none of the contents of the said packs, bags, wrappers or coverings
shall escape.
The attainment of the foregoing objects has long been a desideratum in packs,
or bags for holding and conveying wool, flour, ground coffee, sugar and similar
produce, as the fibre of the Jute, of which the said packs or bags are generally
made, is extremely tender and brittle, and for that reason throws off, with the
slightest rubbing, a large quantity of shreds or fibres of Jute which get mixed
with the contents. When the contents are wool, these fibres or shreds become
mixed up with the wool, and it has hitherto been found impossible to pick thein
out, for the reason that the eye cannot easily detect them. These shreds or fibres
become further mixed with the wool in carding, combing, spinning and weaving
operations without exhibiting their presence, but, in the operations or processes of
dyeing woollen yarns or fabrics, they become detected as they do not take up the
dye in the same proportions as the wool itself, the shreds or fibres of Jute assuming
a hue differing from that of the wool, so that it is only at very considerable expense
the Jute shreds or fibres can be removed from yarns or fabrics in the spun or woven

page_text: state. When the contents of the bags are flour, ground coffee, sugar or similar
· produce, not only do the fibres and shreds of the Jute become mixed with the
contents of the bags, but the finely granulated flour, coffee or other produce,
contained in such bags, escapes through the interstices of the bag, or become
contaminated by dirt penetrating through the said interstices. Considerable loss
is therefore caused both by adulteration and by escape of the contents through
the cloth.
In order then, to prevent the shreds or fibres of Jute from separating themselves
in the manner hereinbefore described, and to fill up the interstices, and to
strengthen the cloth, the said cloth is combined with paper so as to form an
inseparable compound fabric.-In order to effect a thorough combination of the cloth
and paper, the latter is placed upon the cloth in a semi-fluid state, or in the
condition known as "pulp." The wetness or density of the pulp is so regulated, as
to permit of its thoroughly impregnating and impermeating the surface of the cloth,
and filling of the interstices thereof. If necessary, sufficient size or other suitable
glutenous substance may be mixed with the pulp to ensure its thorough attachment
to the cloth, and the pulp is also run on the cloth in sufficient quantity to form a
skin or coating of paper over the surface of the cloth. The cloth is also wetted or
damped, and sized if necessary, to ensure its thorough attachment to the pulp.
The cloth and pulp are passed between pressing, drying and polishing rollers similar
to those of a paper-making machine; or an ordinary paper-making machine may
be employed for the purpose, the cloth to be combined with the paper, in this case
taking the place of the usual travelling cloth which carries the paper, in ordinary
paper-making, round the drying cylinders, or the ordinary travelling cloth may be
retained as usual, and the combined cloth and paper carried forward as ordinary
paper. The result of this process, is the production of a compound homogenous
fabric, cloth on one side and paper on the other, and combining the strength of the
cloth with the density of texture or cleanliness of the paper. Both sides of the
cloth may, if necessary, be covered with the paper, but for packs, bags, wrappers
and coverings, it is only necessary that one side, viz:-that side, which is to be
used for the interior of the packs, bags, wrappers or coverings, should be paper
covered.
Dated this twenty, fourth day of July 1984

page_text: I, SAINT JOHN VINCENT DAY, of 115 St Vincent Street, Glasgow, in the
County of Lanark, North Britain, Civil Engineer and Patent Agent do hereby
declare the nature of the said invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE
OF SACKING, BAGGING, OR OTHER DESCRIPTION OF CLOTH MADE OF JUTE OR
OTHER VEGETABLE FIBRE AND USED FOR MAKING PACKS, BAGS, WRAPPERS OR
COVERINGS" and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement:—
This Invention which relates to Improvements in the manufacture of sacking,
bagging, or other description of Cloth made of Jute or other vegetable fibre, and
used for making bags, packs, wrappers or coverings, has for its objects, to prevent
shreds or fibres of the jute or other material, of which such packs, bags, wrappers
or coverings are generally made, from becoming separated from the cloth and mixed
with the contents, also to increase the strength of the cloth, and to fill up the
interstices thereof, so that none of the contents of the said packs, bags, wrappers
or coverings, shall escape.
The attainment of the foregoing objects has long been a desideratum in packs,
or bags for holding and conveying Wool, flour, ground coffee, sugar, and similar
produce, as the fibre of the Jute, of which the said packs or bags are generally
made, is extremely tender and brittle, and for that reason throws off, with the
slightest rubbing, a large quantity of shreds or fibres of Jute which become mixed
with the contents.-When the contents are wool, these fibres or shreds become
mixed up with the wool, and it has hitherto been found impossible to pick them
out for the reason that the eye cannot easily detect them.-These shreds or fibres
become further mixed with the wool in carding, combing, spinning and weaving
operations withont exhibiting their presence, but, in the operations or processes of
dyeing woollen yarns or fabrics, they become detected as they do not take up the
dye in the same proportions as the wool itself, the shreds or fibres of Jute assuming
a hue differing from that of the wool, so that it is only at very considerable expense
the Jute shreds or fibres can be removed from the yarns or fabrics in the spun or
woven state. When the contents of the bags are flour, ground coffee, sugar, or
similar produce, not only do the fibres and shreds of the Jute become nixed with
the contents of the bags, but the finely granulated flour, coffee or other produce
contained in such bags, escapes through the interstices of the bag, or becomes
contaminated by dirt penetrating through the said interstices.-Considerable loss
is therefore caused both by adulteration and by escape of the contents through
the cloth.
In order then to prevent the shreds or fibres of Jute or other cloth from separating
themselves in the manner herein before described, and to fill up the interstices, and
to strengthen the cloth, the said cloth is or may be combined with paper so as to
form an inseparable compound fabric.-In order to effect a thorough combination
of the cloth and paper, the latter is placed upon the cloth in a semi-fluid state or
in the condition known as "pulp."-The wetness or density of the pulp is so
regulated, as to permit of its thoroughly impregnating and permeating the surface
of the cloth, and filling the interstices thereof.-Sufficient size or other suitable
glutinous substance may be mixed with the pulp to ensure its thorough attachment
to the cloth, and the pulp is also run on the cloth in sufficient quantity to form a
skin or coating of paper over the surface of the cloth.-The cloth is also wetted
or damped, and sized if necessary, to ensure its thorough attachment to the pulp.-
The cloth and pulp are passed between pressing, drying and polishing rollers similar

page_text: 'to those of a paper making machine; or an ordinary paper making machine may
be employed for the purpose, the cloth to be combined with the pulp, in this case,
taking the place of the usual travelling cloth which carries the paper, in ordinary
paper making, round the drying-cylinders, or the ordinary travelling cloth may be
retained as usual, and the combined cloth and paper carried forward as ordinary
paper. The result of this process, is the production of a compound homogeneous
fabric, cloth on one side and paper on the other, and combining the strength of the
cloth with the density of texture or cleanliness of the paper. Both sides of the
cloth may, if thought necessary, be covered with the paper, but for most purposes
it is sufficient, if one side, viz-that side which is to be used for the interior of
the packs, bags, wrappers or coverings, be paper covered.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said.
Invention, and in, what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is:
Combining jute or other cloth used for making packs, bags, wrappers or coverings,
with paper in such manner that the cloth is coated and impregnated with the
paper, substantially as and for the purposes herein before described.
Dated the Second day of October 1884.
ST JOHN V. DAY.