Year: 1884

page_text: I, JAMES ELDRIDGE ATWOOD, Gentleman, of Brooklyn, in the County of Kings,
and State of New York, one of the United States of America, seek leave to amend
the Specification of Letters Patent No. 12,182 of 1884, as shewn in red ink in
the copy of the original specification hereunto annexed.
I hereby request that the following clerical error may be corrected in the
specification.
In the thirty-third line of the Queen's Printers' copy the following words appear,
"to a heat of about 400° Fahrenheit," This is incorrect, it should read, to a heat of
about 4000° Fahrenheit.
Dated this 3rd day of April 1885.

page_text: "
I, JAMES ELDRIDGE ATWOOD, Gentleman, of Brooklyn, in the County of Kings,
and State of New York, one of the United States of America, do hereby declare
the nature of my Invention for IMPROVEMENTS IN PROCESS OF PURIFYING
MOLTEN IRON OR STEEL," and in what manner the same is to be performed, to
be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
My Invention has for its object, to produce an improved metal in character
possessing an increased tensile strength, ductility and density, and in grain
resembling the finest steel, and to that end consists in the process hereinafter
described.
In carrying out my Invention I first combine quicksilver and common lead
varying in their proportions according to the quality of iron desired. I combine
the quicksilver and lead by two processes.. In one:-I treat the metals in a cold
state by cutting the lead into very fine pieces, then adding the quicksilver and
letting them stand sufficient time for them to unite. By the other process I apply
heat in the following manner-I place the quicksilver and lead in a ladle or
crucible under a covering of charcoal as is the ordinary practice in combining
metals. The proportions of these two ingredients ordinarily, are one part of quick-
silver to four parts of lead, (although I diminish the quantity of lead when an
iron of a specific character or quality is desired.) When thus placed in a crucible
and covered with charcoal, I seal the crucible in any of the ordinary methods to
exclude the air. I then subject the same to a heat varying from 200° to 400°
Fahrenheit, and keep it under such heat until the quicksilver and lead are
thoroughly combined with each other, then the product is run off into moulds and
formed into ingota. This compound or amalgam is then infused into melted pig
iron, or molten scrap or cast iron, or into melted steel, or into combination of
melted pig, cast or scrap iron, wrought iron and steel, or infused into any one of
these simply or in combination with all, or into one, two or more, according to the
quality of iron desired for different uses.
For ordinary purposes the quantity of this amalgam to be infused into one ton of
iron, or into one ton of the above mentioned different qualities of iron is from one
to five pounds. The infusion is completely effected by first reducing the iron to a
molten state, then adding the amalgam, subjecting the mass in a suitable furnace
to a heat of about 400° 4000° Fahrenheit. Under this treatment the amalgam
of quicksilver and lead is not only diffused about the mass and equally distributed,
but impurities are driven off, which in other preparations of iron or steel require
laborious and expensive treatment.
This treatment is continued until the metals are thoroughly incorporated with
each other, which may be determined when the mass becomes "plain" and ceases
to boil. The new metal thus formed is run off into moulds,

page_text: This new combination metal resulting from the foregoing described process has
about twice the strength of the best gun metal, with a tine homogenous grain
closely resembling that of hammered steel, and will as readily temper in water as
steel, and be turned and worked as well as steel. It will also tako a high polish
and will oxydize but little as compared with other manufactures of steel or iron,
and can be applied to almost every use to which the preparations of iron or steel
are applied.
In case any of the varied preparations of this new metal should be found too
hard for the use to which it is to be applied it can be roheated or annealed.
I do not confine myself to the proportions and temperatures stated, where others
will answer the purpose especially desired, but have merely stated these proportions
and temperatures as guides.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is:
The process of purifying molten iron or steel, consisting in uniting quicksilver
and lead, and then combining said amalgam with iron or steel, by infusing the
amalgam into either melted pig, cast, scrap or wrought iron or steel, or combinations
thereof, substantially as described.

page_text: I, JAMES ELDRIDGE ATWOOD, Gentleman, of Brooklyn, in the County of Kings,
and State of New York, one of the United States of America, do hereby declare
tho nature of any Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PROCESS OF PURIFYING
MOLTEN IRON OR STEEL," and in what manner the same is to be performed, to
be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
My Invention has for its object, to produce an improved metal in character
possessing an increased tensile strength, ductility and density, and in grain
resembling the finest steel, and to that end consists in the process hereinafter
described.
In carrying out my Invention I first combine quicksilver and common lead
varying in their proportions according to the quality of iron desired. I combine
the quicksilver and lead by two processes. In one :-I treat the metals in a cold
state by cutting the lead into very fine pieces, then adding the quicksilver and
letting them stand sufficient time for them to unite. By the other process I apply
heat in the following manner:-I place the quicksilver and lend in a ladle or
crucible under a covering of charcoal as is the ordinary practice in combining
metals. The proportions of these two ingredients ordinarily, are one part of quick-
silver to four parts of lead, (although I diminish the quantity of lead when an
iron of a specific character or quality is desired.) When thus placed in a crucible
and covered with charcoal, I seal the crucible in any of the ordinary methods to
exclude the air. I then subject the same to a heat varying from 200° to 400°
Fahrenheit, and keep it under such heat until the quicksilver and lead are
thoroughly combined with each other, then the product is run off into moulds and
formed into ingots. This compound or amalgam is then infused into melted pig
iron, or molten scrap or cast iron, or into melted steel, or into combination of
melted pig, cast or scrap iron, wrought iron and steel, or infused into any one of
these simply or in combination with all, or into one, two or more, according to the
quality of iron desired for different uses.
For ordinary purposes the quantity of this amalgam to be infused into one ton of
iron, or into one ton of the above mentioned different qualities of iron is from one
to five pounds. The infusion is completely effected by first reducing the iron to a
molten state, then adding the amalgam, subjecting the mass in a suitable furnace
to a heat of about 400° Fahrenheit. Under this treatment the amalgam of quick-
silver and lead is not only diffused about the mass and equally distributed, but

page_text: impurities are driven off, which in other preparations of iron or steel require
laborious and expensive treatment.
This treatment is continued until the metals are thoroughly incorporated with
each other, which may be determined when the mass becomes "plain" and ceases
to boil. The new metal thus formed is run off into moulds.
This new combination metal resulting from the foregoing described process has
about twice the strength of the best gun metal, with a fine homogenous grain
closely resembling that of hammered steel, and will as readily temper in water as
steel, and be turned and worked as well as steel. It will also take a high polish
and will oxydize but little as compared with other manufactures of steel or iron,
and can be applied to almost every use to which the preparations of iron or steel
are applied.
In case any of the varied preparations of this new metal should be found too
hard for the use to which it is to be applied it can be reheated or annealed.
I do not confine myself to the proportions and temperatures stated, where others
will answer the purpose especially desired, but have merely stated these proportions
and temperatures as guides.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
1 claim is:-
:-
The process of purifying molten iron or steel, consisting in uniting quicksilver
and lead, and then combining said amalgam with iron or steel, by infusing the
amalgam into either melted pig, cast, scrap or wrought iron or steel, or combinations
thereof, substantially as described.

page_text: I, JAMES ELDRIDGE ATWOOD, Gentleman, of Brooklyn, in the County of Kings,
and State of New York, one of the United States of America, seek leave to amend
the Specification of Letters Patent No. 12,182 of 1884, as shewn in red ink in
the copy of the original specification hereunto annexed
I hereby request that the following clerical error may be corrected in the
specification.
In the thirty-third line of the Queen's Printers' copy the following words
"to a heat of about 400° Fahrenheit," This is incorrect, it should read, to a heat of
appear,
about 4000° Fahrenheit.
Dated this 3rd day of April 1885.

page_text: I, JAMES ELDRIDGE ATWOOD, Gentleman, of Brooklyn, in the County of Kings,
and State of New York, one of the United States of America, do hereby declare
the nature of my Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PROCESS OF PURIFYING
MOLTEN IRON OR STEEL," and in what manner the same is to be performed, to
be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
My Invention has for its object, to produce an improved metal in character
possessing an increased tensile strength, ductility and density, and in grain
resembling the finest steel, and to that end consists in the process hereinafter
described.
In carrying out my Invention I first combine quicksilver and common lead
varying in their proportions according to the quality of iron desired. I combine
the quicksilver and lead by two processes. In one:-I treat the metals in a cold
state by cutting the lead into very fine pieces, then adding the quicksilver and
letting them stand sufficient time for them to unite. By the other process I apply
heat in the following manner:-f place the quicksilver and lead in a ladle or
crucible under a covering of charcoal as is the ordinary practice in combining
metals. The proportions of these two ingredients ordinarily, are one part of quick-
silver to four parts of lead, (although I diminish the quantity of lead when an
iron of a specific character or quality is desired.) When thus placed in a crucible
and covered with charcoal, I seal the crucible in any of the ordinary methods to
exclude the air. I then subject the same to a heat varying from 200° to 400°
Fahrenheit, and keep it under such heat until the quicksilver and lead are
thoroughly combined with each other, then the product is run off into moulds and
formed into ingots. This compound or amalgam is then infused into melted pig
iron, or molten scrap or cast iron, or into melted steel, or into combination of
melted pig, cast or scrap iron, wrought iron and steel, or infused into any one of
these simply or in combination with all, or into one, two or more, according to the
quality of iron desired for different uses.
For ordinary purposes the quantity of this amalgam to be infused into one ton of
iron, or into one ton of the above mentioned different qualities of iron is from one
to five pounds. The infusion is completely effected by first reducing the iron to a
molten state, then adding the amalgam, subjecting the mass in a suitable furnace
to a heat of about 400° 4000° Fahrenheit. Under this treatment the amalgam
of quicksilver and lead is not only diffused about the mass and equally distributed,
but impurities are driven off, which in other preparations of iron or steel require
laborious and expensive treatment.
This treatment is continued until the metals are thoroughly incorporated with
each other, which may be determined when the mass becomes "plain" and ceases
to boil. The new metal thus formed is run off into moulds,

page_text: This new combination metal resulting from the foregoing described process has
about twice the strength of the best gun metal, with a fine homogenous grain
closely resembling that of hammered steel, and will as readily temper in water as
steel, and be turned and worked as well as steel. It will also take a high polish
and will oxydize but little as compared with other manufactures of steel or iron,
and can be applied to almost every use to which the preparations of iron or steel
are applied.
In case any of the varied preparations of this new metal should be found too
hard for the use to which it is to be applied it can be reheated or annealed.
I do not confine myself to the proportions and temperatures stated, where others
will answer the purpose especially desired, but have merely stated these proportions
and temperatures as guides.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is:
The process of purifying molten iron or steel, consisting in uniting quicksilver
and lead, and then combining said amalgam with iron or steel, by infusing the
amalgam into either melted pig, cast, scrap or wrought iron or steel, or combinations
thereof, substantially as described.