Improvements in Blocks or Stones for use in the Sinking of Wells or Shafts, and in the Process of Placing the same in Position.
Year: 1891

page_text: Date of Application, 29th Sept., 1891
Complete Specification Left, 3rd Dec., 1891-Accepted, 9th Jan., 1892
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Blocks or Stones for use in the Sinking of Wells
or Shafts, and in the Process of Placing the same in Position.
A communication from abroad by Messrs. KRUTINA & MÖHLE, of Malstatt,
Saarbrücken, in Rhenish-Prussia, Manufacturers.
I, WILLIAM PHILLIPS THOMPSON, F.C.S., M.I.M.E., of the Agency for
Foreign Patent Solicitors, 6 Lord Street, Liverpool, and 6 Bank Street,
Manchester, both in the County of Lancaster, and 323 High Holborn in the
County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention
to be as follows:-
These blocks which are intended for use when sinking a well or shaft are formed
in such manner that on the one hand they can be made perfectly tight in the joints,
but on the other hand will allow all the water which collects, during the sinking of
a well or shaft, behind the masonry being conducted away, yet when the shaft has
been sunk will also permit of the incoming water being led away at different
heights in the shaft in such manner that whilst any bad water which might be
found at the bottom of the shaft can be removed the good water which will come
into the shaft can be separated from the bad and be led away to where it is desired
to use it. Finally the peculiar form of the blocks also allows of them being easily
placed in position, which will avoid any likelihood of damage. The stone is formed
segmentally, corresponding to the object for which it is used. At both sides it has
round hollowed out channels; on its under side it has a semi cylindrical roll or
beading to which a channel on the upper side of the block corresponds in shape ;
both roll and channel do not however fit exactly into one another, but the channel
is somewhat broader and deeper than the roll, so that sufficient room will be allowed
for the cement when a number of the blocks are fitted together; the block is
further provided with two drills or holes, one being a central one extending from
the upper part of the block to its lower part, whilst the other goes from front to
back and it is advantageous not to have such in the middle of the block but if
possible low down, but in any case it cross cuts the vertical hole or drill. The
blocks are one meter high and correspondingly broad and deep; when applying
them they are so placed on one another, that the centre of one block at the joint
stands between two blocks lying under it. In placing them in position the
following procedure should be observed. Into the vertical holes or drills of the
stone a key is placed which is provided above with a ring or hook, and in
the vicinity of its lower end has a slit, which will lie opposite the horizontal drill or
bore, a bolt is then passed through the slit in the key and thereby holds the key in
the stone, whereupon the hoisting or similar apparatus is connected with the key by
a cord or rope, and the stone is simply lifted into its place. The rounded channel
in the upper part of the block or stone, which lies immediately under the stone
which is to be placed in position is previously filled with some kind of cement; the
roll or beading on the under side of the stone will then rest in such channel filled
with cement and will drive the cement or mortar into every joint or groove thereby
forming a very tight joint between the horizontal rows of stones; when this has
been done the vertical hole or drill in the stone or block is filled up with a plug
and is pressed in tightly; immediately however this has been done a rod is pushed
in through the horizontal hole or drill which has become filled at its point of
intersection when the drilling machine has been used so that this horizontal hole or
drill is again free. The rod is preferably left so long in position, until the filling of
the hole or drill is set, it is then drawn a little out whereby a small drainage channel.
is formed, through which the water accumulating behind the wall of the shaft can..

page_text: run off and so the fresh masonry will be protected against being undermined.
Between every two blocks or stones a groove having the form of a tube is formed
by means of the side channels; this is filled with cement or mortar whereupon the
filling up material is rammed in as tight as possible, and so that the water may be
held back, the earth is rammed tight behind the shaft. The cross bores or drills
which have hitherto served for drainage channels for the water are closed by means
of cork, wood, clay, or the like. If at a certain height, good water is come upon
the cross holes which are in the blocks or stones corresponding to such height, have
tubes driven into them, whereby the water, through joined up tubes, can be 'led
away to the place where it is wanted to be used. The entire set of channels could
also be provided with tubes and these wherever water unfit for use should enter
could be closed by means of screwed covers. In this manner a shaft or well is
provided formed out of tiles or hewn stone which will have a similar thickness
and strength, and will also possess the advantage that any water fit for use which
should enter behind the shaft can without disadvantage to the shaft be brought to
any desired place whilst at the same time any bad water which might arise can
be led far from the shaft.
Dated the 28th day of September 1891. ·
WM. P. THOMPSON & Co.,
Of 6, Lord Street, Liverpool, Agents for the Applicant.
.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Blocks or Stones for use in the Sinking of Wells
or Shafts, and in the Process of Placing the same in Position.
A communication by Messrs. KRUTINA and MÖHLE, of Malstatt, Saarbrucken,
in Rhenish-Prussia, Manufacturers.
I, WILLIAM PHILLIPS THOMPSON F.C.S., M.I.M.E., of the Agency for
Foreign Patent Solicitors, 6 Lord Street, Liverpool and 6, Bank Street,
Manchester both in the County of Lancaster, and 323 High Holborn, in the
County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement :-
These blocks which are shown on the accompanying drawings in plan view,
perspective and section are intended for use when sinking a well or shaft and are
formed in such manner that on the one hand they can be made perfectly tight in
the joints, but on the other hand will allow all the water which collects, during the
sinking of a well or shaft, behind the masonry being conducted away, yet when
the shaft has been sunk will also permit of the incoming water being led away at
different heights in the shaft in such manner that whilst any bad water which
might be found at the bottom of the shaft can be removed, the good water which
will come into the shaft can be separated from the bad and be conducted to where
it is desired to use it. Finally, the peculiar form of the blocks also allows of
them being easily placed in position which will avoid any likelihood of damage to
the stones. The stone is formed segmentally corresponding to the object for which
it is used. At both sides it has round flutings a, on its under side it has a semi-
cylindrical roll or beading b, Figure 3, to which a similar channel o on the upper
side of the block corresponds in shape. Both roll and channel do not however fit
exactly into one another, but the channel is somewhat broader and deeper than
the roll so that sufficient room will be allowed for a suitable quantity of cement,
mortar or the like for fastening the separate blocks together. The block is
further provided with two drills or holes, one d being a central one extending from
the upper part of the block to its lower part, whilst the other goes from front to
back, and it is advantageous not to have such in the middle of the block, but, if
possible, low down, but in any case it cross cuts the vertical hole or drill. The

page_text: blocks are one meter high and correspondingly broad and deep, when applying
them they are so placed on one another that the centre of one block stands at the
joint between two blocks lying under it. In placing them in position the
following procedure should be observed :—
"
Into the vertical holes or drills d of the stone a key e, Figure 4, is placed which
is provided above with a hook or ring 9 and in the vicinity of its lower end has a
slit h which key fits opposite to the horizontal drill or bore f, a bolt i, Figure 5, is
then passed through this latter which goes through the slit in the key, and thereby
holds the key in the stone, whereupon the hoisting or similar apparatus is
connected with the ring of the key by a cord or rope, and the stone is simply
lifted into its place. The rounded hollow c in the upper part of the block or stone
which lies immediately under the stone which is to be placed in position is
previously filled with some kind of cement; the projection or beading b on the
under side of the stone will then rest in such channel filled with cement and will
drive the cement or mortar into every joint or crevice, thereby forming a very
tight joint between the horizontal layers of the stones. When this has been done,
the vertical boring d in the stone or block is filled up with a plug of adhesive clay
and this latter is pressed in tightly; immediately, however, this has been done, a
rod is pushed in through the horizontal hole or drill which has become stopped
up at its point of intersection when the drill hole d was plugged, so that this
horizontal hole or drill becomes again free. The rod is preferably left so long in
position until the stopping of the hole or drill d is set hard. If it be then drawn
out, a drainage channel is formed through which the water accumulating behind
the wall of the shaft can run off and so the fresh masonry will be protected
against being undermined. Between every two blocks or stones a groove having
the form of a tube is formed by means of the side channels a, this is filled with
cement or mortar, whereupon the filling up material is rammed in as tight as
possible, and so that the water may be held back, the earth is rammed tight
behind the shaft. The cross bores or drills f which have hitherto served for
drainage channels for the water are closed by means of cork, wood, clay or the
like. If at a certain height, good water is come upon, the cross holes f which are
in the blocks or stones corresponding to such height have tubes driven into them,
whereby the water, by means of tubes connected thereto, can be led away to the
place where it is wanted to be used. The entire set of channels & could also be
provided with such tubes and these, wherever water unfit for use should enter
could be closed by means of screwed caps. In this manner a shaft or well is
provided such as cannot be formed by means of bricks, tiles or hewn stone of a
similar thickness and strength, and which has also the advantage that any water
fit for use which should enter behind the shaft can, without disadvantage to the
| shaft, be brought to any desired place for use, whilst at the same time any bad
water which might arise can be kept away from the shaft.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, as communicated to me
by my foreign correspondents, I declare that what I claim is-
1. The improved blocks or stones for use in the sinking of wells or shafts,
consisting of segmentally shaped pieces having side flutings a, a channel c at the
top and a corresponding but smaller projection at the bottom, together with two
drill holes d and f, the former of which is placed vertically and centrally, whilst
the latter is horizontal and passes from the front to the back of the block or
stone and is formed in the vicinity of the lower edge of the stone and intersects
the drill hole d.
2. In sinking wells or shafts, the improved process or method for placing in
position the improved blocks or stones, which process or method consists of the
two following operations:
(a) Laying such, by the employment of a rod and bolt, so that as the blocks
or stones get into place. their vertical bore holes may be stopped un with

page_text: suitable material; whilst one or more of their horizontal ones may or may
not be stopped up so as to serve or not as conduits; and further
(6) So placing the blocks or stones that their side flutings a form tubular
grooves into which cementing material can be rammed whilst the
projections 6 of the adjacent blocks or stones fitting into the cement-filled 5
channels will press out. a portion of the cement and force: it into, the
horizontal joints..
Dated this 2nd day of December 1891.