IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR TEACHING GEOGRAPHY HISTORY AND THE LIKE
Year: 1882

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Alfred Julius Boult of the Agency for Foreign Patent
Solicitors of 323 High Holborn in the County of Middlesex Engineer for an
Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR TEACHING GEOGRAPHY
HISTORY AND THE LIKE," A communication from Pierre Eugene Lamberet
and Antoine Marie Billoud, persons resident at St Laurent les Macon in the
Republic of France.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Alfred Julius Boult at the
Ollice of the Commissioners of Patents on the 22nd December 1882.
Alfred Julius BOULT, of the Agency for Foreign Patent Solicitors 323 High
Holborn in the County of Middlesex, Engineer "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS
FOR TEACHING GEOGRAPHY, HISTORY AND THE LIKE [A communication from
Pierre Eugene Lamberet and Antoine Marie Billoud, persons resident at St Laurent
les Macon in the Republic of France.]
This invention relates to a new or improved apparatus for teaching geography
and also for assisting in teaching history and the like.
It affords a ready and very effective means for impressing upon the memory of
pupils the division of the country, its physical aspect its various productions, both
natural and industrial, the means of communication, the birthplaces of celebrated
persons and other facts of interest or importance.
The apparatus consists of a map of peculiar construction and of markers
specially designed to be used in conjunction with the said map.
The map is preferably made of wood and is of suitable size according to the
particular purpose it is intended for, that is to say it will be large for use in a class
room for instance, so that it may be seen at a distance and will be small for private
tuition where but one or two pupils are to be simultaneously taught as will be
obvious. The borders of the several districts provinces or countries which the map
represents are preferably marked in bright colours, lakes rivers and similar waters
may be shown in blue, canals in red. The higher mountains or elevations are
shown in relief so as to give a clearer idea of the physical geography of that partof
the earth which the map represents. All this will be obvious and does not in itself

page_text: form part of this invention, but according to the same the map has the following
additional features viz;
The railways instead of being indicated as has been heretofore customary by
black lines are marked by wires fastened to the map on the lines which the railway
follows so that both the meaning of the symbol and the direction of the line are
palpable.
The positions of various towns or places are marked either by small holes into
which fit studs or stems on the underside of some of the markers hereinafter
described; the position of other places is marked by small hooks on which markers
hereinafter described may be hung whilst some of the places may be marked both
with holes and hooks. At the sides of the map are spaces or tablets which are
marked with rows of holes and rows of hooks and into these holes and upon these
hooks the markers are placed when not in use so that they will be at all times
ready to hand.
The markers are of several kinds namely:
Some markers have a flat top and at the underside there is a stud, pin or stem
which fits into the holes in the map. On the flat top of the marker may be
marked say the name of a place, a number to indicate the population, or words or
symbols to show political or judiciary divisions of the land, seats of learned bodies
and the like. In the top there is a groove into which may be slid a picture
representing say some celebrated person born in or connected with the history of a
place, and other pictures or the like to indicate various data.
Another kind of markers have small loops or eyelets by which they aro
- suspended on the aforesaid hooks of the map. These serve particularly for
teaching facts about the articles produced or used in various places. Thus for
instance a small piece of coal will be suspended in the appropriate place on the
map to indicate a coal-mine a small sack of grain to indicate grain growing
provinces, a miniature representation of a locomotive or other engine to indicate
engineering works, a similar representation of a ship for a harbour and so on,
different markers being used for different subjects.
In using the apparatus, say in a class, the teacher whilst delivering his lecture
will detach the markers referring to the particular branch of science to be taught
from their place on the tablet and will affix them to the map in their proper place,
or cause the pupils to do so.
Some or all of the markers so placed on the map may remain thereon and being
thus constantly visible to the pupils will strongly appeal to their memory
especially as both their form and nature bear a direct relation to the subject of
⚫ tuition.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said Alfred Julius Boult in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
22nd June 1883.
ALFRED JULIUS BOULT of the Agency for Foreign Patent Solicitors, of 323 High
Holborn, in the County of Middlesex Engineer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS
FOR TEACHING GEOGRAPHY, HISTORY, AND THE LIKE." A communication from
Pierre Eugène Lamberet and Antoine Marie Billoud persons resident at St. Laurent
les Macon in the republic of France.
This Invention relates to a new or improved apparatus for use in teaching
geography history and the like.
It affords a ready and very effective means for impressing upon the memory of
pupils the division of the Country, its physical aspect, its various productions, both
natural and industrial, the means of communication, the birth places of celebrated
persons and other facts of interest or of importance
The apparatus is shown in the accompanying drawings and consists of a map of
peculiar construction and of markers specially designed to be used in conjunction
with the said map.
The map (Figure 1.) is preferably made of wood and is of suitable size according
to the particular purpose it is intended for, that is to say, it will be large for uso
in a class room for instance, so that it may be seen at a distance and will be small
for private tuition, where but one or two pupils are to be simultaneously taught,
as will be obvious. The borders of the several districts, provinces or countries
which the map represents are preferably marked in bright colours (shown by dotted
lines in the drawing) lakes, rivers and similar waters may be shown in blue (they
are shown in heavy black lines in the drawing) canals in red (double lines in the
drawing) The higher mountains or elevations are shewn in relief so as to give a
clearer idea of the physical geography of that part of the earth which the map
represents. All this will be obvious and does not in itself form part of this
invention, but according to the same the map has the following additional
features, viz:
The railways, instead of being indicated, as has been heretofore customary, by
black lines, are marked by wires fastened to the map in the lines which tho
railway follows indicated by thin lines in the drawings so that both the meaning
of this symbol and the direction of the line are palpable.
The positions of some of the various towns or places are marked by small holes
into which fit studs or stems on the underside of some of the markers hereinafter
described; the position of other places is marked by small hooks on which markers
hereinafter described may be hung, whilst some of the places may be marked both
with holes and hooks. At. the sides of the map are spaces or tables I. and II.
which are marked with rows of holes and rows of hooks and into these holes and
upon these hooks the markers are placed when not in use so that they will be at
all times ready to hand.
The markers are of several kinds, namely,
Some markers have a flat top O. and at the underside there is a stud pin or
stem P. which fits into the holes in the map. On the flat top of the marker may
be marked, say, the name of a place, a number to indicate the population, or words
or symbols to show political or judiciary divisions of the land, seats of learned
bodies and the like. In the top there may be a groove r. into which may be slid
a picture R. representing say some celebrated person born or connected with the
history of a place and other pictures or the like to indicate various data. Such a
marker with the picture in the groove is shewn in end elevation in figure 2.

page_text: Another kind of markers a specimen whereof is shown in figure 3 in side
elevation have small loops or eyelets s'. by which they are suspended on the afore-
said hooks of the map. These serve particularly for teaching facts about the
Articles produced or used in various places. Thus for instance a small piece of
Coal will be suspended in the appropriate place on the map to indicate a Coal
mine, a small sack of grain (S) to indicate grain, growing provinces, a minature
representation of a locomotive or other engine to indicate Engineering works, a
similar representation of a ship for a harbour and so on, different markers being
used for different subjects. .
In the drawings are shewn on the tablet I. figure. 1. several series of markers,
the first series A. (a, a a³ &c. have grooves as heroinabove described; the other
series (B, 6. b. b³, b'. &c. C. c¹c². c³. c, &c. E. F. G. and so on) may be marked
with signs, figures or words only. The series D. d. ds. d³. &c. are shown upon
the map indicating several places. The tablet I. has as represented rows of holes
only. The tablet II. has hooks, on these are hung the markers which by their very
form suggest the facts they are to teach. Thus there are shewn two sacks, one
locomotive, a mill, whilst a marker, representing a wool-sack is shown suspended
at X. on the map. and may be taken to indicate a place where sheep breeding is
carried on. The map also shews several places where holes and hooks are provided,
no markers being however placed therein or thereon.
In using the apparatus, say in a class, the teacher whilst delivering his lecture
will detach the markers referring to the particular branch of science to be taught
from their place on the tablet and will affix them to the map in their proper place
or cause the pupils to do so.
Some or all the markers so placed on the map may remain therein and being
thus constantly visible to the pupils will strongly appeal to their memory,
especially as both their form and nature bear a direct relation to the subject of
tuition.
It is obvious that the details may be considerably varied without departing from
the spirit of this invention.
Having now fully described the nature of the said invention as communicated
to me by my foreign Correspondents I wish it to be understood that what I claim
and desire to protect under the hereinbefore in part recited Letters Patent is;
An improved educational apparatus consisting of a map having holos and books
or their equivalents, in combination with markers or samples which indicate the
facts to be taught all substantially as set forth.
In witness whereof I the said Alfred Julius Boult have hereunto set my
hand and seal this twenty first day of June in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and eighty three.
ALFRED J BOULT (1.8.)