IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF MANGERS AUD TROUGHS POR STABLES
Year: 1854

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Northen, of Vauxhall Walk, Lambeth, in
the County of Surrey, Potter, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE MANUFACTURE OF MANGERS AUD TROUGHS POR STABLES."
Sealed the 22nd September 1854, and dated the 29th May 1854.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Northen at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 29th
May 1854.
I, WILLIAM NORTHEN, of Vauxhall Walk, Lambeth, in the County of
Surry, Potter, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF MANGERS & TROUGHS FOR STABLES"
to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in manufacturing mangers and their ordinary water
troughs or basins out of earthenware, instead of the materials of which these
articles have hitherto been composed. The manger and trough or basin may
either be made in one, or they may be made separately and united afterwards.
I prefer that the ware employed for the purpose should be white stoneware,
with a good glaze, & that the firing should be at a heat of suitable strength
for such ware; but I do not confine myself to such ware, nor to any particular
degree of heat in the firing.
The manger or trough or basin may be fixed in its or their required
position in the stable, or mounted on standards in any convenient manner;
and, if preferred, the trough or basin may be furnished with a cock or tap,
and have a pipe for supplying water connected with it.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said William Northen in tho. Great Seal Patent Office on the
29th November 1854...
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
NORTHEN, of Vauxhall Walk, Lambeth, in the County of Surrey, Potter, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-ninth day of May, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-four, in the seventeenth year of
Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant
unto me, the said William Northen, Her special license that I, the said
William Northen, my exccutors, administrators, and assigns, or such others
as I, the said William Northen, my executors, administrators, and assigns,
should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at
all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully
might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United. Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF HANGERS AND TROUGHS FOR STABLES,"
upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said William Northen, by
an instrument in writing under my hand and seal, should particularly describo
and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent
Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the
said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said William Northen, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement, reference being had to the Drawing hereunto annexed, and to the
letters and figures marked thereon (that is to say):-
My Invention of "Improvements in the Manufacture of Mangers and Troughs
for Stables," has for its object tho application to the purpose of a material
possessed of sufficient strength, admitting also of being casily kept clean, and
economical both in manufacture and use. And this object is accomplished
by manufacturing mangers and their ordinary water troughs or basins out
of earthenware, instead of the materials of which these articles, have hitherto
been composed. The manger and trough or basin may either be made in
one, or they may be made separately, and united afterwards. I prefer that the
ware employed for the purpose should be white stoneware, with a good glaze,

page_text: and that the firing should be at a heat of suitable strength for such ware; but
I do not confine myself to such ware, nor to any particular degree of heat in
the firing.
The manger and trough or basin may be fixed in their required position in
the stable, or mounted on standards in any convenient manner; and, if
preferred, the trough or basin may be furnished with a cock or tap, and have
a pipe for supplying water connected with it.
In order, however, that my Invention may be fully understood, I will pro-
ceed to describe the accompanying Drawing, in which is represented a mode
of carrying the same into effect.
Fig. 1 is a plan or horizontal view, shewing a manger and water trough or
basin fitted in their relative positions; Fig. 2 is a longitudinal vertical section
of the same; Fig. 3. is an elevation of the water trough or basin detached,
with a plug in the bottom; Fig. 4 is an elevation of a water trough or basin
without a plug in the bottom; Figs. 5, 6, and 7 are respectively a longitu-
dinal vertical section, a transverse section, and a plan or horizontal view, of a
manger with a partition in it. In all these Figures the same letters of
reference indicate corresponding parts.
A is the manger; B is the water trough or basin. These articles are both
fitted in a frame or support of word C. At D is formed a kind of slab of
tiles; E is a pipe, with a cock or tap, for supplying water to the trough or
basin B, at the bottom of which is fitted an ordinary plug F, by raising which
the water may be allowed to pass out of the trough or basin. G (Figs. 5, 6,
and 7) is a partition dividing the inside of the manger into two portions. This
partition need only be used when the manger is of considerable length.
The mode in which I prefer to manufacture the mangers and troughs is as
follows: The clay employed should be the best Devonshire and Dorsetshire
clay, mixed with due proportions of sand and fine dust produced from crushed
or ground broken pottery, these materials being mixed and prepared in the
ordinary manner for the manufacture of white stoneware. The mangers are to
be formed out of this clay or composition in suitably formed moulds composed
of plaster of Paris, in the ordinary mode of manufacturing earthenware forms
in moulds. But I do not confine myself to this mode of manufacturing the
mangers, as they may be pressed out of a machine, and have the ends put on
them afterwards; or they may be formed in tubes and cut in halves, and havo
a ledgo formed on them afterwards. The water troughs or basins are to bo
formed on a potter's turning wheel, and such projections as cannot be produced
thercon are to be added in the ordinary manner; but I do not confine myself
to this mode of forming them, as they may be formed in suitable moulds.

page_text: The articles being thus formed are to be dried and baked, and finished in
the ordinary manner, in order to produce them of a white enamelled stone-
ware, the burning or baking being carried on at the greatest heat of which the
nature of the clay or composition will admit. I do not, however, confine
myself to the use of this kind of ware for the purpose.
Having thus described the nature of my Invention, and the manner in
which the same is to be performed, I would remark that I do not claim as of
my Invention any of the materials or modes of manufacture above referred to,
otherwise than as used for the manufacture of the articles described; but what
I do claim as of my Invention is, the manufacture of mangers and their
ordinary water troughs or basins out of earthenware, as described.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Northen, have hereunto set my
hand and scal, this Twenty-seventh day of November, One thousand
cight hundred and fifty-four.
Witness,
WILLIAM SPENCE,
50, Chancery Lane.
W. NORTHEN. (L.S.)