Improvements in and connected with Driving Gear for Velocipedes.
Year: 1896

page_text: Date of Application, 24th Apr., 1906
Complete Specification Left, 23rd Jan., 1397-Accepted, 13th Mar.. 1397
Complete Specification Left, 23rd Jan., 1997-Accepted, 13th Mar.. 1397
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and connected with Driving Gear for
Velocipedes.
ALFRED HOLLANDS of The Broadway Newbury in the County of Berks
Miller and Corn Merchant do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
The object of this invention is to enable the riders of velocipedes to propel their
machines with less exertion than is required with such machines as at present
constructed or with the expenditure of the amount of force now required to obtain
a greater speed.
Now according to this invention as applied to rear driven bicycles I attach to
one or both ends of the hub of the driving wheel a spur pinion which pinion or
pinions is or are driven by an internal spur wheel or wheels rotating on a stud or
studs or other suitable bearings or bearing attached to the frame of the machine.
On each stud or on the boss of each spur wheel oscillatos a lever to the free end of
which is attached a pedal of any suitable construction the pedals being preferably
pivotted to the pedal levers in the usual way. If only one spur wheel is used both
levers oscillate on the stud on which the spur wheel rotates or on the boss of the
wheel itself the one lever being cranked if necessary.
To the pedal levers are also attached pawls or grippers preferably friction grips
of the "silent feed" type. The pawls or grippers engage with ratchets formed on
or attached to the rins of the internal spur wheels or with the rims of the said
wheels according to whether pawls or grippers are used.
The pedal levers may be raised by means of balance weights springs by
connecting the levers to each other by means of a chain or cor passing over a
pulley or by any other suitable means. The upward and downward movement or
either of them of the levers may be limited by means of suitable stops if
necessary.
Instead of toothed gearing suitably shaped friction wheels may be used in which
case I prefer to cover the peripheries of the wheels on the hub with leather or
indiarubber sufficient pressure between the wheels may be obtained to ensure a
good driving contact by mounting the driving wheel in slots in the back fork as is
done at present to adjust the tension of the driving chain.
As an alternative I may use the usual sprocket wheels on the hub of the driving
wheel and form the wheels actunted by the pedal levers with plain rims having luge
at each side thereof and place an ordinary bicycle chain on the inside of the said
rims and connect the links of the chain by pins or rivets passing through the said
links and the lngs on the rims of the wheels.
When adapting my improved driving gear to machines in which the front wheel
is the driving wheel the wheels on the hub and the wheels actuated by the pedal
levers would have the teeth on the outside of their peripheries in the usual way
and aunular gearing would be dispensed with.
In this case the wheels and pedal lerers actuating them would be carried by
studs fixed to the front fork or other part of the frame of the machines.
Velocipedes having the driving mechanism constructed as herein before described
are especially adapted for ladies' use as the pedals may be brought much nearer

page_text: together than can be done with cranks and the circular motion of the feet is
avoided.
The improved driving mechanism is also applicable to tandems and other
machines propelled by more than one rider separate pedal levers being provided
for each rider the levors being so arranged as to give each rider the same
propelling effect on the machine. The gear is also applicable to tricycles.
Dated this 24th day of April 1896.
T. E. HALFORD,
11 Furnival Street, Holborn, E.C., Agent for Applicant.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and connected with Driving Gear for
Velocipedes.
I ALFRED HOLLANDS of The Broadway Newbury in the County of Borks
Miller and Corn Merchant do hereby declare the nature of this invention and
in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement -
The object of this invention is to enable the riders of velocipedes to propel their
machines with less exertion than is required with such machines ns at present
constructed or with the expenditure of the amount of force now required to attain
a greater speed.
Now according to this invention as applied to rear driven bicycles I attach to
one or both ends of the hub of the driving wheel a spur pinion which pinion or
pinions is or are driven by an internal spur wheel or wheels rotating on a stud or
studs or other suitable bearings or bearing attached to the frame of the machine.
On ench stud or on the boss of each spar wheel oscillates a lever to the free end of
which is attached a pedal of any suitable construction the pedals being preferably
pivotted to the pedal levers in the usual way. If only one spur wheel is used both
levers oscillate on the stud on which the spur wheel rotates or on the boss of the
wheel itself the one lever being cranked if necessary. To the pedal levers are also
attached pawls or grippers preferably friction grips of the "silent feed" type.
The pawls or grippers engage with ratchets formed on or attached to the rims of
the internal spur wheels or with the rims of the said wheels according to whether
pawls or grippers are used. The pedal levers may be raised by means of balance
weights springs by connecting the levers to each other by means of a chain or cord
passing over a pulley or by any other suitable means. The upward and downward
movements or either of them of the levers may be limited by means of suitable
stops if necessary. Instead of toothed gearing suitably shaped friction wheels may
be used in which case I prefer to cover the peripheries of the wheels on the bub
with leather india rubber or other suitable material sufficient pressure between the
wheels may he obtained to insure a good driving contact by mounting the driving
wheel in slots in the back fork as is done at present to adjust the tension of the
driving chain.
As an alternative I may use the usual sprocket wheels on the hub of the driving
wheel and form the wheels actuated by the pedal levers with plain rims having lugs
at each side thereof and place an ordinary bicycle chain ou the inside of the said
rims and connect the links of the chain to the said wheels by pins or rivets passing
through the said links and the lugs on the rims of the wheels.
When adapting my improved driving gear to machines in which the front wheel
is the driving wheel the wheels on the hub and the wheels actuated by the pedal
levers would have the teeth on the outside of their peripheries in the usual way

page_text: levera actuating them would be carried by studs fixed to the front fork or other
part of the frame of the machine.
And in order that my said invention may be fully understood I will proceed
to explain the same with reference to the accompanying sheet of drawings in
which
Fig. 1 represents a bicycle constructed according to this invention.
Fig. 2 is plan of same.
The same letters denote the same parts in all the figs.
a is the steering wheel the driving wheel c the saddle pin d the diagonal
member of the frame. ee are pedal levers. ff are the pedals.
To each end of the hub of the wheel I attach a spur pinion 99 which
pinions gear with internal spur wheels rotating on studs i fixed to the back
fork j.
The outside of the wheels hh may be covered with sheet metal as shewn at
Fig. 1 to protect the gearing as much as possible from dirt. In the fig. part of tho
covering is shewn broken away to expose the gearing.
The pedal lovers ee are forked as shewn at Fig. 2 and the ends of the prongs of
the forks are supported by the studs i so that each of the said levers oscillates
about one of the said studs as a fulcrum.
Each of the said levers has attached thereto a pawl or gripper which engages
with ratchet teeth on the periphery of the wheel' h or with the periphery of the
wheel itself if a gripper is used.
If ratchet teeth are used I prefer to make the said teeth in two rows and fill the
intervening space between the teeth with a band of indiarubber leather or other
suitable material the said material being somewhat higher than the ratchet teeth
so as to prevent the pawl from touching the said teeth during the upstroke of the
pedals thus rendering the pawls and teeth noiseless. The wheels hh may revolve
on ball bearings to diminish friction and ball bearings may be interposed between
the ends of the pedal levers and the studs i for the same purpose. The pedal pins
and pedals may be of the usual construction.
If friction grips are used instead of ratchets and pawls the peripheries of the
wheels may be covered with leather indiarubber or other suitable material to
increase the friction between the wheels and the grippers aud to prevent noise.
The pedal levers ee are connected by a cord or chain in passing over a pulley n
so that the depression of one lever raises the other lever.
The pulley n rotates on a stud o which may be secured to the diagonal d or to a
rod p normally raised by the spring q. The rod p and spring 9 are enclosed in the
diagonal and the lower end of the said rod is attached by means of a knuckle joint
at to the bell crank brake lever r wbich oscillates on a studs secured to the back
fork. u is the brake shoe which bears against the periphery of the wheel h when
both pedals are simultaneously depressed the compression of the spring y allowing
the rod p to descend.
When one pedal is depressed for driving purposes and the other raised the
elasticity of the spring y keeps the brake "off."
A brake may be applied to each of the wheels h or the brake may be applied to
the tyre of the driving wheel.
Although I have shown my improved driving gear constructed with teeth yet
I do not confine myself to this as I may dispense with the said teeth and drive the
machine by means of the frictional contact of the wheels and pinions.
Velocipedes having the driving mechanism constructed as herein before described
aro especially adapted for ladies use as the pedals may be brought much nearer
together than can be done with crauks and the circular motion of the feet is
obviated. The improved driving mechanism is also applicable to tandems and
other machines propelled by more than one rider separate pedal levers being
provided for each rider and the levers being so arranged as to give each rider the
same-propelling effect on the machine. The gear is also applicable to tricycles.

page_text: Instead of the brake shewn on the drawings I may use a band brake surrounding a
drum attached to or forming part of the hub of the driving wheel or of the internal
8pur wheel.
A suitable clip or catch may be attached to the dingonal member of the frame to
retain the stud o at the top of the slot in the diagonal to keep the brake "off"
when desired.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed 1 declare that what I
claim is :-
1. In a velocipede the combination of one or more pinions secured to the hub of
the driving wheel gearing with an internal spur wheel or wheels rotating on a stud
or studs attached to the driving wheel fork or other portion of the frame with
pedal levers oscillating on the said stud or studs and having pedals at the free ends
and grippers or pawls (at a point intermediate between the said studs and the pedal
pins) adapted to engage with the periphery of the internal spur wheel or wheels or
with ratchet teeth formed on the periphery of the said wheel (or wheels) all
substantially as herein before specified and for the purposes stated.
2. In a velocipede as herobefore described the combination with a driving gear
consisting of pinions attached to the hub of the driving wheel gearing with internal
spur wheels actuated by pedal levers carrying grippers or pawls engaging with the
periphery of the said wheels or with ratchet teeth thereon of a brake applied to the
periphery of the said spur wheels or driving wheel by the simultaneous depression
of the pedal levers substantially as herein before specified and shewn by the
accompanying drawings.
3. The modified form of driving gear for velocipedes consisting of sprocket
wheels attached to the hub of the driving wheel and gearing with a pitch chain ou
the inside of the rim of a wheel rotated by pedal levers all substantially as herein-
before specified.
4. In a driving gear for velocipedes constructed as herein before described the
use of friction gearing instead of toothed gearing substantially as specified.
5. The construction arrangement and combination of parts constituting the
improved driving gear for velocipedes substantially as herein before described and
illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
Dated this Twenty-third day of January 1897.
T. E. HALFORD,
11 Furnival Street, Holborn, Londou, E.C., Agent for Applicant.