matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN STENCH TRAPS FOR SEWERS, AND OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Cecil Capel at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
25th October 1872.
I, CHARLES CECIL CAPEL, of Little Blake Hall, Wanstead, in the
County of Essex," Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN STENCH TRAPS FOR SEWERS, AND OTHER
PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
My Invention has for its object the purification of noxious gases
emitted from sewers or drains and in processes of manufacture, and
consists in the adaptation and application to such purpose of a stench
trap in which is contained a fluid disinfectant suited to absorb or
neutralise the particular noxious gas or gases required to be got rid of
or purified.
The trap consists of a trough by preference cylindrical in form, and of
any required depth for containing the fluid disinfectant, such trough
being covered by a dome or dish-shaped cover fitted to the trough in
such a manner as to leave a small space all round for the escape of gas;
he said dome or cover is formed with an internal convex surface fitting

page_text: over the said trough, by which means an extended surface of gas is
exposed to the action of the absorbing acid or fluid contained in the
trough, whence it escapes in a purified state through the outlet at the
top of the trough.
The noxious gas is admitted into the trough either through the cover 5
at the top or through an aperture at the bottom, or in any other
convenient manner, and the limited area of the outlet for the purified
gas allows but a small space for the evaporation of the fluid.
IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM BOILERS
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Hanson at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 30th May
1872.
I, RICHARD HANSON, of Halifax, in the County of York, Engineer,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN STEAM BOILERS," to be as follows:-
$5
This Invention relates to the classes of boilers commonly called "fire-
box" boilers and "tubular" boilers, and the more especially to "multi-
tubular" boilers or those wherein are a series of small horizontal tubes
for the heat to pass through, and to those known as Galloways"
boilers in which are a series of tubes placed across the fire-box or the
flue in continuation therewith, connecting the two opposite sides and
forming passages for the circulation of the water. Now my improve-
ments consist in combining the two kinds in one boiler; thus, I
employ the cross tubes immediately behind the fire-box or fire-boxes,
and the small horizontal tubes behind them. These horizontal tubes
are however much shorter than usual, rendering them less liable to
become leaky by irregular expansion and contraction, and more con-
venient to cleanse. By this combination a larger quantity of water will
be evaporated by a given quantity of fuel, thereby economizing fuel.
AN IMPROVED SELF-ACTING EQUILIBRIUM TILT FOR TILTING BARRELS
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Swindells at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
23rd February 1872.
I, JAMES SWINDELLS, of Stockport, in the County of Chester, Joiner
and Builder, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"AN IMPROVED SELF-ACTING EQUILIBRIUM TILT FOR TILTING BARRELS," to be as
follows:-
-
The barrel to be tilted is placed on a frame having below each side
a block, curved at its under surface somewhat similar to the sole of the
human foot, and these blocks are placed on the ordinary stillages. The
curved blocks are a little nearer the front end than the back, and at the
front or tap end of the frame carrying the barrel there is a weight to
counterbalance the difference in the weight between the front and the
back.
When the barrel is full the curved surfaces rest both upon the
middle and heel part of the curve, but when the barrel is being emptied
the curved surfaces move on the stillage, and with them the frame
and barrel so gently, and yet so efficiently, that the contents will
always be kept clear.
AN IMPROVED ORDUBE ROAD CLEANER
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles George Wilson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
15th May 1872.
I, CHARLES GEORGE WILSON, O.E., of 2, Royal Exchange Buildings,
London, E.C., do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"AN IMPROVED ORDUBE ROAD CLEANER," to be as follows:-
This improvement is applicable to asphalte, stone, or other roads, and
is an arrangement for the purpose of obviating the necessity of a stooping
position and consequent danger to those employed in streets or roads in
cleaning away ordure from the surface; and consists of a wheel frame
carrying a scoop & revolving spindle with strips of leather, rubber, or
other material, the spindle having motion by gearing, friction, or
pullies enclosed within the wheel, by preference on one or both sides.
The action is as follows:-The machine being pushed or drawn by the
handle, the wheel revolving gives motion to gearing or pullies within,
causing the strip spindle to revolve rapidly, & the ordure is forced into
scoop. The scoop when filled is withdrawn and contents deposited in
orderly bin.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF COLLARS, CUFFS, SHIRT FRONTS, AND LIKE ARTICLES FOR PERSONAL WEAR
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alfred George Speight at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
7th June 1872.
I, ALFRED GEORGE SPEIGHT, of Spencer Street, Goswell Road, in
the County of Middlesex, Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF COLLARS,
CUFFS, SHIRT FRONTS, AND LIKE ARTICLES FOR PERSONAL WEAR," to be as
follows:-
=
The Invention relates to collars, cuffs, shirt fronts, and like articles
composed of paper and textile fabric combined.
The object of this Invention is to facilitate and expedite the manu-
facture of the said articles, and to preserve the finish of the textile
fabric, and to cheapen the cost of production.
According to my method of manufacture I am enabled to dispense
with one process or operation which has been hitherto necessary, namely,
the restoration of the glaze finish or surface of the textile fabric of the
collar or cuff, or article.
The mode in which I carry out my Invention is as follows:-I cut
strips of paper of sufficient length and depth to produce when afterwards

page_text: cut through longitudinally two or more collars, cuffs, shirt fronts, or
like articles. I also cut strips or widths of textile fabric of sufficient
length and depth to produce the same number of collars or articles; the
dimensions of the strips of textile fabric corresponding with those of
the paper, except that sufficient margin of textile fabric is left to turn
over the edges of the paper where required (as for instance either at the
ends only, or at the ends and also at the top and bottom.
The strip of textile fabric is laid on a supporting surface with its
glazed finished or outer surface downward. Adhesive material is applied
on its upper surface. The paper strip is laid thereon. The required
edges are folded over. (This especially gives a double thickness, and
therefore extra strength at the parts in which are the button holes.)
Pressure is applied by hand or otherwise, to secure the adherence of the
cemented or touching surfaces. The combined strips of paper and
textile fabric are then placed between wires or like appliances or in
an apparatus forming a rack, and held in a cradle or frame or otherwise,
and are left to dry in a drying stove, or in the open air, or elsewhere.
Each strip is then subjected to the action of a guillotine cutter or other
cutter or cutting machine and cut longitudinally, so that each strip
is divided into two or more collars, cuffs, or articles, and the collars,
cuffs, or articles are shaped by means of the same cutter, or by means of
another cutter to the required form or pattern.
A box or frame with spring sides or adjustable sides is used to receive
the articles while being cut, so as to allow of the easy action of the
cutter.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF BOILERS
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Walker Whittle at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 2nd
October 1872.
I, Walker WHITTLE, of Whitehaven, in the County of Cumberland,
Iron Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF BOILERS," to be as follows:
This Invention, which is peculiarly applicable to upright or vertical
steam boilers, but may also be usefully applied to longitudinal steam
boilers and also to boilers to be used in connection with hot water heating
apparatus, consists in the placing of a scries of water tubes in the form
of the letter U in the fire-box of the boiler, both ends of which water
tubes communicate with the water space of the boiler; and the said
water tubes must be so placed in the fire-box that the action of the
fire is stronger on one arm of such tubes than on the other, whereby the
water is caused to circulate freely and rapidly through the tubes and
becomes more easily and effectually heated.
IMPROVEMENTS in Steam Boilers
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Dale at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 24th September
1872.
I, THOMAS DALE, of Kirkcaldy, in the County of Fife, North Britain,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
“IMPROVEMENTS in Steam Boilers,” to be as follows, that is to say :—
This Invention has for its object the constructing of steam boilers
in an improved manner, so as to be easily cleaned and repaired, and
suitable for comparatively high pressures.
The improved boiler is made up of horizontal cylindrical sections
combined together in sets according to the aggregate power required.
Each set consists in general of a furnace section, a tube section, and
a steam section. Each tube section may be placed above or beside
the corresponding furnace section, the steam section being of course
in all cases above the other two. Each furnace section has within it
a cylindrical flue, leaving a comparatively narrow water space between
it and the shell, and at the front end the shell and the flue are

page_text: rivetted to separate angled rings, which are by preference of malleable
cast iron, and which are bolted together so as to admit of the parts
being easily separated. The internal flue is continued in a semicircular
or curved form to lead the fire gases round to the tube section, and
this curved part of the flue which is sometimes traversed by water
tubes, is enclosed in a water space formed by an external cast iron or
malleable iron shell. The curved shell is bolted together in two halves,
and is also bolted to angled rings on the back end of the furnace shell,
such rings being by preference of malleable cast iron. The tube
section is connected in a similar way to the curved shell, and is
traversed by tubes which are by preference of the kind used in
locomotives, but which may in some cases be of the kind commonly
used in marine boilers. The furnace section and tube section are
connected together by one or more water trunks or pipes made by
preference of malleable cast iron, and each in two separate pieces
rivetted to the respective shells, and bolted together. The connection
of the tube section with the steam section, which is an ordinary
malleable iron shell, may also be by similar bolted trunks or pipes,
or by ordinary malleable iron trunks, and the different sets of sections,
when there are two or more, may also be connected in a similar
way.
The application of the various bolted joints herein-before referred to
renders the boiler capable of being separated into its various parts with
great facility, so that it can be examined internally and cleaned or
repaired at any time with little trouble and expence.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE FILTRATION AND PURIFICATION OF FLUIDS, AND IN. THE MANUFACTURE OF MANURE
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by David Curror and James Dewar
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on
the 25th November 1872.
We, DAVID OURROR, of Wester Craigduckie, Fifeshire, residing in
Edinburgh, and JAMES DEWAR, residing at No. 15, Gilmore Place,
Edinburgh, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE FILTRATION AND PURIFICATION OF FLUIDS, AND IN. THE
MANUFACTURE OF MANURE," to be as follows:-
Our Invention consists in so using and applying peat (in its natural
state, or after being dired or partially carbonized, and either by itself
or mixed, or in connection with chalk, lime, sand, earth, or aluminous
clay) as a filtering medium or as a discolourizing, deodorizing, defecating,
disinfecting, or absorbing agent or material that colouring matters in
suspension or solution, whether of animal or vegetable origin are
retained or absorbed, the fouled water greatly discolourized, clarified,
deodorized, defecated, and disinfected, and the peat (when the fluid
passed through it has contained nitrogenous matters) is converted into
a valuable manure by its retention or absorption of these matters. We

page_text: do this by artificial filtration. A filter may be made up of ordinary
filtering material, such as sand, clay, earth, lime, or chalk. Upon the
surface of this filter bed we lay a layer or lair of peat of thickness
proportioned to the necessities of the case, and if necessary we use a
succession of such filters. In order to increase the rate of flow we 5
accelerate it by artificial head of water, or by pressure of condensed air
on the surface, or by exhaustion below.
After the layer or layers of peat have been saturated and become
inefficient for farther filtration and purification we remove the peat and
economise it as manure. The layers of peat are, where nitrogenous 1
matter is in the fouled water, converted or made into or become manure
in the lump, or by concentration of its more valuable ingredients.
A NEW APPARATUS FOR CONTAINING AND SUPPLYING ILLUMINATING GAS
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Peebles at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 22nd October
1872.
I, JOHN PEEBLES, of Errol, in the County of Perth, North Britain, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention of "A NEW APPARATUS
FOR CONTAINING AND SUPPLYING ILLUMINATING GAS," to be as follows, that is
to say :—
This Invention which relates to apparatus for holding and supplying
illuminating gas has for its object to constitute means for supplying gas
to houses, railway stations, or other places or buildings at a distance from
gas works.
It consists of one or more vessels into which the gas is
compressed to a high pressure. These vessels are connected by a pipe
to a gas holder of varying capacity, a cock or valve being situate in the
pipe connecting the vessel or vessels with the gas holder. This cock or
valve is connected by links and levers or the equivalent thereof to the
rising and falling member of the gas holder, so that as this member rises
or falls the cock or valve is moved correspondingly, the area of its
opening being thereby adjusted, and thus the quantity of gas passing

page_text: from the high-pressure vessel or vessels into the gas holder is regulated.
The gas on passing into the gas holder expands or diminishes in pressure
to the extent required to burn effectively on escaping through an
ordinary gas burner or jet.
The vessel or vessels containing the highly compressed gas may be
detachable from the remainder of the apparatus and of a portable size, so
that they may be conveyed to a gas work for being charged with gas
when required, or larger vessels containing the gas under pressure may
be mounted on wheels and moved about from place to place to supply
the vessels attached to the apparatus when these are fixed.
hercin-before
This Invention besides being applicable to the purposes
described may be adapted for lighting railway trains, and ships.
AN IMPROVED DRESS SUS- PENDER
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Wassall at the Office.
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 23rd
September 1872.
I, CHARLES WASSALL, of the Firm of William Wassall and Sons,
Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Manufacturer, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED DRESS SUS-
PENDER," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists substantially of a piece of cord, or by prefer-
ence a piece of elastic material, the two free ends of which are connected
by a spring catch or hook stamped out of sheet metal in such manner
that the fastening attached to one end of the said cord or elastic is
provided with an eye into which takes the extremity of the fastening
attached to the other end of the said cord or elastic, and which extremity
is bent over so as to form the hook or catch, the eye being held securely
therein by a spring tongue, which consists of a portion of the middle
part of the metal partially cut out and bent upwards in such manner as
to press against the said hook or catch. The two pieces of metal which
constitute respectively the eye and the catch are at their extremities
made tubular, and are fitted with small V-shaped teeth, which, when
the elastic is placed within the said tubular extremities, and these are
bent over the said elastic material within them, hold it firmly and
securely.
IMPROVEMENTS IN UMBRELLAS
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Kate Robison at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with her Petition, on the 4th
September 1872.
I, KATE ROBISON, of Gower Street, in the County of Middlesex, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
UMBRELLAS," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in improvements in umbrellas by which they
are rendered more serviceable, avoiding the inconvenience arising with.
those at present in use by the continual dripping of the rain from the
tips, which is invariably the case in heavy showers, thereby injuring the
clothes not only of the person using them, but of passers by, and of
fellow travellers outside vehicles and inside open carriages.
In carrying out these improvements I construct or form a gutter or
channel of vulcanized india-rubber, gutta percha, or other similar
suitable material, which I attach to the extreme edge of the silk of the
cover of the umbrella, so that the pebble or other tips at the end of the
ribs rest therein, and at any part of the said gutter or channel an
opening or spout is formed for the rain collected to discharge itself, so

page_text: that by tilting the umbrella on one side or the other the water can be
allowed to flow out in any convenient place instead of the continual
dripping all round, which is the case with those at present in use.
In addition to the above improvements I apply to umbrellas for use
outside stage coaches, omnibuses, and other vehicles, and inside open
carriages, a tube of any convenient length and diameter of india-rubber
or gutta percha or other suitable material, which can be screwed or
otherwise fastened at option on to the spout or outlet formed in the
channel or gutter, thus all the rain collected therein can be discharged
into the road by merely allowing the tube to hang over or outside the
vehicle. A rose of metal or other suitable material may be applied to
the end of the tube attached to the spout of the gutter or channel to
diminish the flow or rush of the water if desired.
This Invention is especially adapted for use in travelling outside
vehicles, and inside open carriages; the inconvenience of the umbrellas
at present in use both to the owner and the other passengers during
heavy rain is well known.
The above description constitutes the principle of my Invention, but
many modifications may be made, for instance, I may form the channel
or gutter with a semicircular top. .or cover, so as to prevent the
possibility of the rain in heavy showers escaping, except through the
spout or opening therein for that purpose. I may cover the india-
rubber or gutta percha channel or gutter with silk similar to the cover
of the umbrella to render it less conspicuous.
Lastly I make the ends or tips rather longer than at present, and
quite flat, instead of round and pointed as heretofore. An elastic band
placed over these flat ends or tips will serve to keep the umbrella
.compact when not in use.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF GAS METERS
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Brown at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 3rd June
1872.
I, JOSEPH BROWN, of Burnley, in the County of Lancaster, Gas
Meter Maker, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF GAS METERS," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to prevent the water being removed
from the gas meter fraudulently, or from being blown out by the
pressure of the gas; also to obtain an uniform registration of the gas
passing through the meter under various pressures, and to keep the
compartment in which the upright shaft, and wheel, and worm revolve
free from water and gas.
In performing my Invention I make the front or circular plate of the
meter in several compartments, the gas to be measured enters the first
compartment which contains the float, and passes down a pipe into the
bottom compartment, then up another pipe to the measuring drum,
which is of the usual construction, from whence it passes to the outlet
pipe. The water enters another compartment and fills the chamber in

page_text: which the drum revolves, it also passes into the chamber containing
the float and then into the bottom chamber in which is the overflow
screw.
Another part of my Invention consists in driving the upright shaft
by spur wheels instead of by worm and wheel, as usual, and in placing 5
the registering index in the compartment in which the upright shaft
revolves, thereby economising space.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SYPHON VENTILATORS
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Lawson and Benjamin
Hainsworth at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 26th March 1872.
We, JOHN LAWSON and BENJAMIN HAINSWORTH, of Halifax, in the
County of York, Ventilating Engineers and Manufacturers of Ventilators,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN SYPHON VENTILATORS," to be as follows:
The improvements consist,-
Firstly. In the application of one or more perforated plates or wire
gauze diaphrgam within the inlet opening and another such plate or
gauze diaphragm at the top or exit of the outlet opening. The plate
or gauze in the inlet breaks the down draught of air, which is found
to be objectionable in this class of ventilators, and it is a regulator of
the current preventing variations by change of weather or strength of
wind, and the perforated plate or guaze at the outlet prevents ingress
of air and strengthens the current or promotes circulation in the proper
direction.
Secondly. The improvements consist in construct in constructing such
ventilators in the form of a "dormer” so that they can be applied to the
sides of the roofs of buildings. Also constructing them of similar form,

page_text: *but so that they may be applied to the side walls by having a horizontal
passage from the inside to the outside of the said wall. Also we may
apply tubes or passages open at one end to the external atmosphere,
and at the other end to the exit current in the same direction to
further improve circulation.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BOOTS AND SHOES be as follows
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Moses Philip Manfield at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents with his Petition, on the
20th September 1872.
I, MOSES PHILIP MANFIELD, of Northampton, in the County of
Northampton, Boot Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BOOTS AND
SHOES, to be as follows :—
"
This Invention has special reference to pump sole boots and shoes,
and consists in securing the high solid heels which are now worn in
such a manner as will prevent their displacement to the injury or
annoyance of the wearer. Hitherto great difficulty has been experienced
in effecting a permanent attachment of these moulded heels to the boot
and the best device available has been the nailing or the screwing from
the interior of the heel to the sole; this kind of attachment however
has been found to give way when the heel has been struck against a stone
or other obstruction, and sprains of the feet and ankle have resulted
therefrom. In manufacturing boots and shoes according to my Invention
instead of sewing the sole to the upper all round as usual I reduce the

page_text: dimensions of the sole at the heel part and I take the moulded heel and
having prepared a flange around it after the manner of flanging the
pump sole I apply the heel directly to the upper and sew it thereto
in the same manner that the sole is attached.
This class of boots is as is well known sewn when the parts are 1
arranged inside out, but to allow of the parts being lasted when the
moulded heel is attached I modify the construction of the ordinary last
so as to allow the heel to be sunk into the boot, and permit of its easy
removal therefrom when the boot is made. The flanged heel having
been inserted in such a last I secure the sole by pegs as usual and then
attach the upper by sewing all round, thus the heel will be attached as
firmly to the upper as the sole, and when the sewing is completed I
remove the last and turn the boot inside out in the usual manner so as
to bring the heel to the outside of the boot. This Invention applies
equally to hand and machine sewn boots.
•
•
15 SPRING MATTRESSES AND OTHER ELASTIC SURFACES FOR SIFFING AND RECLINING UPON
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Peyton at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 23rd
April 1872.
I, EDWARD PEYTON, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS 15
SPRING MATTRESSES AND OTHER ELASTIC SURFACES FOR SIFFING AND RECLINING
UPON," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to improvements in spring mattresses and other
elastic surfaces for sitting and reclining upon of the character described
in the Specification of a Patent granted to Henry Gardner and others,
dated the 1st of February 1871, No. 276.
The object of my improvements is so to construct elastic surfaces of
this character or construction that the central portions thereof shall be
less elastic than the adjoining portions, being comparatively rigid in the
centre, thus offering greater resistance to the pressure put upon the
central part than upon the adjoining parts.

page_text: In the Specification above referred to the diamond shaped spaces, com-
posed of metallic links or cords and helical springs combined together to
form the elastic surface, are of uniform size throughout, each portion
being equally elastic, consequently when in use this clastic surface is
liable to sink more in the centre than elsewhere, thus rendering them
uncomfortable to rest upon.
In order to overcome this objection I construct or form the central
row or rows of diamond shaped spaces of such clastic surfaces smaller
than the adjoining spaces, by using shorter links, or by inserting rigid
connecting links or wire frames connected by longitudinal springs down 1
the centre of the length of the mattress or clastic surface, thus impart-
ing the requisito amount of rigidity thereto to prevent the sagging in
the centre.
'
According to another part of my improvements I propose to give a
certain degree of support to the central portion of clastic surfaces of 1
this character, by means of a longitudinal bar or bars of lancewood
or other suitable material, arranged either above or below the elastic
surface.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LEVELS
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECÍFICATION left by William Turner at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 25th July
1872.
I, WILLIAM TURNER, of Leicester, Bell-hanger, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN LEVELS," to be as
follows:
The instruments which form the subject of the present Invention are
more particularly intended for the use of carpenters, builders, and other
artisans, who require to construct or carry out the work at an uniform
level or incline. The instruments are composed mainly of a vibrating
pendulum provided with an index or pointer adapted to work with a
graduated arc. This vibrating pendulum and index with the graduated
arc are let into a recess in a straight piece of wood or metal and the
working parts are covered over with glass plates so as to keep away dust
and extraneous matters therefrom.
When the instrument is placed on a perfectly level and horizontal
surface the index will point to zero at the zenith, but if the surface be
on an incline in either direction the index will.point either to the east
or west of zero the number of degrees the instrument is out of the level.
The instrument is applicable to vertical as well as to horizontal surfaces.
AN IMPROVED COMBINED FASTENING AND HINGE FOR CIGAR CASES AND OTHER LIKE ARTICLES
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry William Dee at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
18th January 1872.
I, HENRY WILLIAM DEE, of the Firm of H. W. and L. Dee, of
Sherwood Street, in the County of Middlesex, Manufacturers, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED COMBINED
FASTENING AND HINGE FOR CIGAR CASES AND OTHER LIKE ARTICLES," to be as
follows:-
My Invention has reference to those cigar cases and other like articles
such as fusee cases, which are provided with two fastenings one at each
side (or top and bottom) of the frame, so that a person can open which-
ever side comes more readily to the hand, while the fastening at the
other side acts as a hinge to the two halves of the case. Each fastening
must therefore be so formed as to act as a hinge.
My improved combined fastening and hinge for this purpose is
constructed as follows:-To the top of one half of the frame of the case
I hinge, preferably by means of a spring hinge, a narrow plate, which in
its normal position lies upon the top of the frame; and to this plate or

page_text: to the frame I attach a clasp, preferably a spring clasp. To the top of
the other half of the frame and corresponding to the hinged plate, I
fix a narrow plate which stands up a little from the frame to allow the
hinged plate to pass under it. The middle portion of this fixed plate is
cut away to allow the clasp to clasp that half of the frame. This arrange-
ment of the parts, which is repeated at the opposite side or bottom of the
frame, serves either as a fastening or a hinge as required. When the
case or frame is closed the clasps at top and bottom each clasp the half
of the frame opposite that to which they are respectively attached, while
the hinged plates take under the corresponding fixed plates. Then to
open the case, simply release whichever of the clasps happens to present
itself at the top; the case will then be free to open, while the opposite
fastening or that for the time being at the bottom will remain un-
fastened and will act as a hinge, its hinged plate and clasp forming the
necessary joint and connection.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ANGLES IN IRON, STEEL, AND OTHER METALS, AND IN APPARATUS USED IN SUCH MANUFACTURE
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Unwin Askham at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
25th November 1872.
I, JOHN UNWIN ASKHAM, of Sheffield, in the County of York, Steel
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
“IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ANGLES IN IRON, STEEL, AND OTHER
METALS, AND IN APPARATUS USED IN SUCH MANUFACTURE," to be as follows:-
The Invention consists in producing angles to the required pattern by
hammering, and by the use of pelletts or shaping blocks or pieces in
pairs one over the other.
The Drawing shews rough diagrams or sketches of the intended mode
of performance. Figure 1, bottom pellett cut angle shape to depth
required; Figure 2, top pellett to fit the bottom pellett, and allowing
proper space for thickness of metal to be shaped; and Figure 3, the two
as brought together, shewing the said space.
It is contemplated to manufacture angles of any description, thickness,
length, or width, in iron or steel, or in iron and steel, or in other metals,
and to use for hammering a steam or hydraulic, or water or other
approved description of hammer.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BURNING OR CONSUMING SMOKE AND IN APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREFOR
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Rae Wilson Smith, at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
4th December 1872.
I, WILLIAM RAE WILSON SMITH, of Glasgow, in the County of
Lanark, North Britain, do hereby declare the nature of the said In-
vention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN BURNING OR CONSUMING SMOKE AND IN APPARATUS
EMPLOYED THEREFOR," to be as follows, that is to say :-
This Invention which relates to improvements in burning or con-
suming smoke and in apparatus employed therefor consists in applying
horizontal air tubes to the furnace or fire-box, as the case may be.
These tubes are preferably situated above the fire-bars, and on reaching
the bridge they are curved upwards and then turned downwards,
entering into a closed space below the fire-bars. By means of this
arrangement highly heated air is continuously supplied to burn the
fuel.
ROVEMENTS IN STEAM AND OTHER MOTIVE POWER ENGINES AND IN THE ARRANGEMENT OF SAME, WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE MORE ESPECIALLY ADAPTED TO MARINE ENGINES
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Noah Beamish at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 19th
February 1872.
I, NOAH BEAMISH, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM AND OTHER MOTIVE POWER ENGINES AND IN THE
ARRANGEMENT OF SAME,
WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE MORE ESPECIALLY ADAPTED
TO MARINE ENGINES," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to constructing engines so as to economise space,
and to simplify the parts and gear connected with steam and other
motive power engines, and is especially adapted to marine steam engines,
and more especially to those on the high and low pressure system known
as compound engines.
To illustrate the general principle of my Invention I will describe a
pair of marine paddle steam engines constructed according to my In-
vention, but would have it understood that the same arrangement can be
modified to suit marine screw engines or land engines.

page_text: A marine paddle steam engine constructed and arranged according to
my Invention consists of two horizontal cylinders placed end to end, and
laying fore and aft, and placed under an entablature or frame. The
cylinders are fitted with trunks and suitable connecting rods working fore
and aft. These connecting rods work vertical beams hung on the enta-
blature or framework. These beams at their upper ends have return
connecting rods which work on to cranks carried on the entablature or
frame, and connected to the main shaft. The cranks may be fitted with
a drag link, or connected together by a crank pin as deemed advisable.
A surface condenser may be fitted at one end of the engines. The air
and circulating pumps connected therewith may be worked from one of
the vertical beams, or they may be worked from an eccentric off the main
shaft, in which case the pumps can be connected to the condenser by
suitable pipes. The two cylinders may be cast in one piece together with
a flange or bed plate, or cast as two separate cylinders and bolted
together end to end, and then bolted on a condenser or a bed plate. The
cylinders are cast with suitable valves and exhaust passages.
In the case of adapting this arrangement to compound engines, I form
or cast one cylinder double, that is, having a cylinder of less diameter
inside, leaving a passage or expansion chamber round the lesser cylinder,
the lesser cylinder being the high-pressure one, the outside cylinder or
casing being the exhaust or expansion chamber, and the other cylinder
the low-pressure cylinder.
In some cases I prefer to dispense with the trunks, and in lieu thereof
use double piston rods working a cross head in guides, and using return
connecting rods from these cross heads to work the vertical beams.
This plan will bring the vertical beams nearer to the centre, which in
some cases may prove advantageous.
IMPROVEMENTS IN TREATING HYDROCARBONS
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Young at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 14th
February 1872.
I, JAMES YOUNG, of Kelly, in the County of Renfrew, North Britain,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS
IN TREATING HYDROCARBONS," to be as follows, that is to say:-
The improvements constituting this Invention consist in treating that
class of hydrocarbons which are solid or semi-solid at ordinary tempera-
tures, known as natural bitumens, such as ozokerite, pitch, and other
similar substances, with muriatic acid in the gaseous state.
In putting the Invention into practice the substances are liquefied by
heat and in that state agitated with the said acid in suitable vessels,
the object being the removal of impurities. The agitation is effected by
means of ordinary or reciprocating agitators or dashers, and the vessels
are of stone or other material which will resist the action of the acid.
A NEW APPARATUS FOR GUARDING AND SAVING LARGE AND SMALL SHIPS FROM STRANDINGS AND WRECKS
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Edward Ellson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
10th July 1872.
I, WILLIAM EDWARD ELLSON, of the Parish of Greywell, in the
County of Southampton, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention "A NEW APPARATUS FOR GUARDING AND SAVING LARGE AND
SMALL SHIPS FROM STRANDINGS AND WRECKS," to be as follows:-
This new apparatus consists of a strong guard of one, two, or three
ribs, which is to be made of wrought iron or any tough or springing
metals, and affixed in a working way by means of moving braces to the
front part of the ship, and moved forward and set so as to guard the
ship by means of chains to be attached to such guard, and running there-
from to the top of the deck, so that sailors or any men might be able to
set forward or replace back the said guard in its fitting place.
Whilst this guard is properly set it would save any ship from
strandings and wrecks, and as there is so many strandings and wrecks
this guard is needed by every ship, and is applicable to all present built
ships, and for which two ribs is best adapted.

page_text: The ribs should be made curved something like a large whale's rib,
strongest in the middle, something like an anchor, but much flattened
on both straightest sides with a large pin hole in the middle to attach
one end of the braces, whilst a large pin at the other end of those
braces connects them and the guard with its curved part to the curving
of the ship betwixt the keel and bottom part of the bows. The guard has
two other large holes, one at each end for the chains to work through,
the front end chain attached to the guard, and then over a strong pulley
wheel at the top of the ship's bow, and then around a windlass or.
capstan, so that men can be able to bring the guard sufficiently forward
and high, and whilst the guard is remaining forward then at once to
loose the front chain. Then when the hindermost chain is placed over
the foremost of some pulleys placed on the ship's side (to guide the
guard's hindermost end), then tighten the hindermost chain which draws
the guard's hindermost end to which of the three fixing holes is desired,
and whilst this hindermost end is affixed the front end (by the forward-
ing of the braces) is nearly the guard's whole length before and below.
the ship's keel, thereby touching against any rock or other great obstacle
or the shore before the ship can touch the same. For ship's easement
in stoppage let the end of the hindermost chain be fastened to a
springing hook, and that with the pulleys will allow the guard's end to
ease back into the next affixing hole (or holes), and thus save the ship
a sudden stop or blow or strike in her stoppage.
IMPROVEMENTS IN METALLIC TIES FOR COTTON BALES
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Jennings McComb at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 5th October 1872.-A communication from abroad by Frederic
Cook, of New Orleans, in the State of Louisiana, United States of
America.
I, JAMES JENNINGS M COMB, of Liverpool, in the County of
Lancaster, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN METALLIC TIES FOR COTTON BALES," to be
as follows:
This Invention relates to improvements in so called bale ties, which
are links or couplings used to secure the looped ends of metal bands
employed in baling compressed cotton. These ties are applied while the
bale is under pressure, and it is the subsequent expansion of the bale
which is relied upon to retain the ties in position. These ties are
generally made of cast iron or of rolled metal stamped out to shape, and
they are intended to grip or to engage with the metal bands.
The main feature of the present Invention consists in forming the tie
with flanges or their equivalent, which will prevent the bands when at

page_text: tension from slipping laterally off the tic. The metal forming the baso
of the tie is made sufficiently long to receive the hooked ends of a band
side by side, and the flanges which run transversely of the base, and
in general at both sides thereof, serve to resist any diagonal pull of the
band, while at the same time they offer no obstruction to the end way
insertion of the tio into the hooks of the band. The flanges may be at
the ends only of the tio or at the middle also.
In some cases instead of the base of tie lying in one and the same
plane the parts divided by the middle flange may be canted in opposite
directions or the flanges may be bevilled, the base may also be zig-
zag instead of being formed of a straight piece. This allows of the
formation of lateral stops which serve as a further security against the
slipping of the bands. In lieu of end flanges portions of the base of the
ties may be stamped up to form shoulders which the band ends may
underlio to prevent their slipping off.
The flanges may be formed by casting or rolling the iron, or the
IMPROVEMENTS IN IRONS, APPLICABLE ALSO FOR GAS STOVES FOR DOMESTIC PURPOSES
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Mortlock at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 27th July
1872.
I, THOMAS MORTLOCK, of Shafton Road, South Hackney, in the
County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN IRONS, APPLICABLE ALSO FOR GAS STOVES FOR DOMESTIC
PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in combining an "Italian iron" with a "box
iron” and heating the same with gas as hereafter described, part of
which iron may be used as a domestic stove for cooking when required.
The following is an example of my said Invention:—I make an oval
shaped case of iron open at top, and at one end of the said case a kind
of spout is cast closed at end, this spout forming the Italian iron. Inside
the aforesaid case and near the bottom thereof I fix a gas pipe with
atmospheric burners; two ridges are made round the aforesaid iron case
at about equal distances asunder for the purpose of resting two loose
plates, or these plates may be cast in the iron, thus forming three

page_text: chambers in the iron; a hole is made in the bottom plate to allow the
heat to pass into the aforesaid Italian iron. A loose cover is screwed
on the top of the iron with a handle attached to it similar to the handle
of an ordinary "box iron." I would observe that the underneath of the
Italian iron has small holes in it to draw the heat into the same; I
employ a flexible pipe for connecting the iron with the main gas pipe,
and when the gas is lighted it will be found by the above arrangement
that both the "box iron" and Italian iron will be heated equal to the
old fashioned ones heated by heaters. To use this improved iron as a
stove for domestic purposes it is simply necessary to remove the cover
and two plates aforesaid, and insert a vessel made to fit in the iron, so
that the bottom of the said vessel shall come near to the gas jets, and
this vessel may be made deep so that it will be found useful for heating
water and cooking on a small scale.
A WEEKLY CALENDAR (EFFEUILLET DE SEMAINE
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Benderitter (Eugène Alexandre)
and Canu (Amedée Gustave) at the Office of the Commissioners of
Patents, with their Petition, on the 9th September 1872.
We, BENDERITTER (EUGÈNE ALEXANDRE) and CANU (AMEDÉE
GUSTAVE) do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "A
WEEKLY CALENDAR (EFFEUILLET DE SEMAINE)," to be as follows:-
Whereas the daily indicators in ordinary use are made to indicate only
one day of the month and are liable to mislead unless regularly changed,
now our Invention is intended to obviate this defect by distributing the
ordinary calendars for the year into weekly portions, each portion being
contained on a sheet, and each sheet being fixed at the bottom on to a
backing of pastboard or other suitable material, in such a manner as to
admit of the sheet being easily removed at the end of each week.
On the surface of each sheet are contained three columns, one shewing
the days of a whole month arranged as usual in calendars, the second
shewing each day of the week and the day of the month more con-
spicuously, and the third containing postal and other useful imformation
for the week.

page_text: While we prefer to make the calendar weekly as described, because by
this arrangement the fifty-two sheets required for a whole year may be
conveniently fixed on one backing and each day of the month may be
conspicuously indicated, yet it may be made for two days only or it may
be made to extend to a month.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MEANS OR APPARATUS FOR THE TREATMENT OF SMOKE FROM STEAM BOILER AND OTHER FURNACES
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Ezra Milner at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 5th November
1872.
I, EZRA MILNER, of Clayton, near Bradford, in the County of York,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MEANS OR APPARATUS FOR THE TREATMENT OF SMOKE FROM STEAM BOILER AND
OTHER FURNACES," to be as follows:-
The object of the Invention is to facilitate the utilizing of the smoke
generated by the combustion of fuel in steam boiler and other furnaces.
The smoke as generated is drawn by pump or other exhausting means,
and drawn or forced through troughs, boxes, pipes, or chambers divided
in some cases and affixed to the fire-place, furnace, boiler, flue, or
chimney, inside or outside, and thence the smoke is conducted through,
over, or under the fire of the furnace, or other fire-place or heating
surface, or into or through retorts or chambers heated for the purpose.

page_text: The smoke in its passage may be conducted into condensing and
storing chambers, if desired, as a reserve for future use.