IMPROVEMENTS IN Dreamin no AGTILATING THE SAME.
Year: 1875

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Gottlieb Andreas Hirzel, of Zurich, Switzerland,
DISINTEGRATORS,
Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
Dreamin no AGTILATING THE SAME.
'"
Sealed the 7th September 1875, and dated the 9th July 1875.
.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Gottlieb Andreas.
Hirzel at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his
Petition, on the 9th July 1875.
1061
I, GOTTLIEB ANDREAS HIRZEL, of Zurich, Switzerland, Engineer, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN DISINTEGRATORS, AND IN THE ARRANGEMENT FOR DRIVING OR ACTUATING
THE SAME," to be as follows.:
:
This Invention relates to certain improvements on what are known
as" Carr's disintegrators," and has for its chief object the reduction of
the power hitherto required for working such machines.
My improved disintegrator, like Carr's, consists of two discs, made
preferably of steel or wrought iron, revolving in opposite directions, and
which are fitted with pegs or beaters, as will be hereafter described.

page_text: Instead of making the revolving discs flat and parallel, as hitherto
used, I make them to converge towards the circumference somewhat in
the manner of the improved fan blowers, by which means the beaters
become shorter as their distance from the centre increases, as the
resistance of the grains and air against the beaters diminishes in direct
proportion to the length of these latter; the driving power is thus con-
siderably reduced without impairing the productive capabilities of the
machine, for whilst the central parts of the passage through the machine
remain ample for the introduction of the grain and of air, the transverse
sectional area of the passage between the discs can be advantageously
reduced in proportion as the solid particles passing through it acquire
increasing velocity. Moreover the outward radial motion of the air
current passing through the machine increases in direct proportion to
the narrowing of the space between the discs, and so far acts in addition
to the centrifugal force which impels outwards the matter under opera-
tion, whilst at the same time it increases the cooling and drying effects
upon the flour.
The influx of air is controlled or modified as required by a regulating
valve or shutter in the eye of the machine. The convergence of the
discs also serves to deflect laterally the direction of motion of the solid
particles under operation, thus bringing them into more efficient contact
with the beaters by the oblique action thereby induced.
It has been found in practice that the beaters are liable to break at
the root, and in order to obviate this defect I insert them of their full
diameter into the metal of the disc to a certain depth, and I make them
conical or slightly tapering towards the outer extremity in order to
increase the lateral deflection of the particles under treatment.
In all "Carr's disintegrators" one of the discs is formed of a central
plate fixed on or forming part of the rotating shaft, and carrying an
annular plate attached to it by the inner row (or rows) of bars or 3
beaters, thus forming its outer or principal portion in a different plane,
distant laterally from the plane of the central disc by the length of the
said bars. Instead of this method, which evidently weakens the disc,
I make cach of the discs in one continuous piece, dishing inwardly the
disc which contains the eye, thereby considerably increasing the strength
of the machine and rendering its construction more economical and
simple.

page_text: The grain to be operated upon is fed from a hopper through the eye
of the disc, whence it passes through holes made in the inwardly dished
central portion of the said disc, and after having been deflected from
side to side between the two converging discs it falls upon the pegs or
beaters which act as distributors and disintegrators.
My improved arrangement for driving or actuating disintegrators of
the class herein-before referred to has for its object the obviating the
inconvenience of the crossed belt hitherto used in driving what are
known as "Carr's disintegrators," especially where a good' length of belt
is not obtainable.
According to my mode of driving I use only a single open belt, which
passes under the disc pulleys up to and over two pulleys on the driving
shaft, which is placed horizontally over the disc shaft and at right angles
thereto. By using thus only one belt I ensure uniform tension and
speed, because as the driving shaft is placed perpendicularly over the
disc shaft, and its bearings are arranged so as to be casily raised or
lowered by the aid of adjusting nuts and screws, the tension of the strap
can be adjusted to a nicety, relieving to a certain extent the bearings
of the disc shafts from the weight of the discs and parts connected
therewith,
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Gottlieb Andreas Hirzel in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 6th January 1876.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, GOTTLIEB
ANDREAS HIRZEL, of Zurich, Switzerland, Engineer, send grecting.
:
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Ninth day of July, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-five, in the thirty-
ninth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said Gottlieb Andreas Hirzel, Her special
license that I, the said Gottlieb Andreas Hirzel, my executors, admini-
strators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Gottlieb Andreas
Hirzel, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time.
agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter.

page_text: during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make,
usc, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN DISINTEGRATORS, AND IN THE ARRANGEMENT FOR DRIVING
OR ACTUATING THE SAME," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the 5
said Gottlieb Andreas Hirzel, my executors or administrators, by an
instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and
seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and
cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six 1
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Gottlieb Andreas Hirzel, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained 1
in and by the following statement thereof, reference being had to the
accompanying Sheets of Drawings, and to the letters and figures marked
thereon, that is to say :-
My said Invention relates to certain improvements on what are
known as "Carr's disintegrators," and has for its chief object the 2
reduction of the power hitherto required for working such machines.
My improved disintegrator, like Carr's, consists of two discs made
preferably of steel or wrought iron, revolving in opposite directions, and
which are fitted with pegs or beaters, as will be hereafter described.
Instead of making the revolving discs flat and parallel as hitherto 2
used, I make them to converge towards the circumference, somewhat in
the manner of the improved fan blowers, by which means the beaters
become shorter as their distance from the centre increases, as the
resistance of the grains and air against the beaters diminishes in direct
proportion to the length of these latter; the driving power is thus 3
considerably reduced without impairing the productive capabilities of
the machine, for whilst the central parts of the passage through the
machine remain ample for the introduction of the grain and of air, the
transverse sectional area of the passage between the discs can be
advantageously reduced in proportion as the solid particles passing 8
through it acquire increasing velocity. Morcover, the outward radial
motion of the air current passing through the machine increases in

page_text: direct proportion to the narrowing of the space between the discs, and
so far acts in addition to the centrifugal force which impels outwards
the matter under operation, whilst at the same time it increases the
cooling and drying effects upon the flour.
The influx of air is controlled or modified as required by a regulating
valve or shutter in the eye of the machine. The convergence of the
discs also serves to deflect laterally the direction of motion of the solid
particles under operation, thus bringing them into more efficient contact
with the beaters by the oblique action thereby induced.
It has been found in practice that the beaters are liable to break at
the root, and in order to obviate this defect I insert them of their full
diameter into the metal of the disc to a certain depth, and I make them
conical or slightly tapering towards the outer extremity, in order to
increase the lateral deflection of the particles under treatment.
In all Carr's disintegrators one of the discs is formed of a central
plate fixed on or forming part of the rotating shaft, and carrying an
annular plate attached to it by the inner row (or rows) of bars or
beaters, thus forming its outer or principal portion in a different plane
distant laterally from the plane of the central disc by the length of the
said bars. Instead of this method, which evidently weakens the disc, I
make each of the discs in one continuous piece, dishing inwardly the
disc which contains the eye, thereby considerably increasing the strength
of the machine and rendering its construction more economical and
simple.
The grain to be operated upon is fed from a hopper through the eye
of the disc, whence it passes through holes made in the inwardly dished
central portion of the said disc, and after having been deflected from
side to side between the two converging discs it falls upon the pegs or
beaters which act as distributors and disintegrators:
My improved arrangement for driving or actuating disintegrators of
the class herein-before referred to has for its object the obviating the
inconvenience of the crossed belt hitherto used in driving what are
known as "Carr's disintegrators," especially where a good length of
belt is not obtainable.
:
According to my mode of driving I use only a single open belt, which
passes under the disc pulleys up to and over two pulleys on the driving

page_text: '
my Drawings the convergence of the two discs is shown in straight lines
it is obvious that the said convergence may be made in curved lines,
parabolic or otherwise. This form and arrangement of the discs admits
of much shorter pegs or beaters being employed, thereby considerably
reducing the power required for driving, whilst at the same time the
useful effect of the disintegrator as regards the amount of work done in
a given time with a given size of discs is in nowise impaired, as already
explained. E is the feeding hopper which opens into the eye or central
dished portion B' of the disc B, the grain passing through the per-
forations b, b, made therein, and falling upon the pegs or beaters a¹ and
a after being deflected from side to side in its passage between the discs.
Not only is the length of the pegs or beaters reduced in each circular
series as they approach nearer to the circumference, but their thickness
is also reduced as well as the amount of clearance between the different
series, as is clearly shown in the full sized sectional detail, Figure 3,
which also shows the tapered form of the said pegs or beaters a, and the
mode of inserting the same of their full or largest diameter some distance
into the metal of the discs. G is the regulating valve or shutter turning
on a pin c in the eye B¹ of the disc B for controlling the influx of air.
H, Figures 4 and 5 is the main driving shaft, which is disposed above
and crosswise or at right angles to the disc shafts C, D, at a point
exactly midway between the two driving pullies I, K, of the respective
discs A, B. This overhead driving shaft H has keyed thereon a pulley
L, and carries also a loose pulley M, both pullies being of equal size,
the diameter of the said pullies being exactly equal to the distance
between the centre lines of the rims of the disc pullies I, K, as is clearly
shown in Figure 5, whilst the distance between the centre lines of the
rims of the driving pullies L, M, corresponds in like manner to the
diameter of the two equal sized pullies I, K, (see Figure 4). N is the
single uncrossed or open belt or strap employed for driving the two discs
of the disintegrator in opposite directions, the said belt passing over the
large pullies L, M, and under the smaller pullies I, K, in the manner
shown in the Drawings. O, O', are the ordinary fast and loose pullies
for driving the overhead shaft H by a belt from any convenient prime
The tension of the driving belt N is regulated by means of
vertically adjustable bearings P, one of which is shown in sectional
detail at Figure 6, the said bearings having by preference a universal
self-adjusting motion in the lower forked end of a screw spindle Q

page_text: contained in each hanger R. A stationary nut d, accessible from the
outside of the hanger, enables the screw spindle and bearing to be raised
and lowered with the greatest nicety by suitably turning the nut.
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of my
said Invention, and the manner in which the same is or may be used or
carried into effect, I would observe in conclusion that what I consider to
be novel and original and therefore claim as the Invention secured to me
by the herein-before in part recited Letters Patent is,—
First. The making the two discs of disintegrators to converge to each
other towards their circumference, whereby the pegs or beaters are
shortened as they approach the circumference of the discs, substantially
as and for the purpose herein-before described.
Secondly. Making each of the discs A, B, in one continuous piece,
substantially as and for the purpose herein-before described and
illustrated by the Drawings.
Thirdly. The application and use to and in disintegrators of pegs
or beaters of gradually diminishing length as they approach the
circumference of the discs, as herein-before described and illustrated by
the Drawings.
'
Fourthly. The mode of regulating the influx of air between the discs
by a valve or shutter, substantially as herein-before described.
Fifthly. The arrangement for driving the two shafts of a disintegrator
-from one open belt, substantially as herein-before described and illus-