IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM ENGINES FOR OBTAINING AN ALMOST UNIFORM SPEED BY MEANS OF CONNECTIONS BETWEEN THE GOVERNOR AND AN AUXILIARY CUT-OFF VALVE
Year: 1868

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Umpherston, of Loanhead, in the
County of Edinburgh, Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS
IN STEAM ENGINES FOR OBTAINING AN ALMOST UNIFORM SPEED BY MEANS OF
CONNECTIONS BETWEEN THE GOVERNOR AND AN AUXILIARY CUT-OFF VALVE."
Sealed the 8th December 1868, and dated the 20th June 1868.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Umpherston
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 20th June 1868.
I, WILLIAM UMPHERSTON, of Loanhead, in the County of Edinburgh,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "Im.
PROVEMENTS IN STEAM ENGINES FOR OBTAINING AN ALMOST UNIFORM SPEED BY
MEANS OF CONNECTIONS BETWEEN THE GOVERNOR AND AN AUXILIARY CUT-OFF
VALVE," to be as follows:-
The object is attained by means of an arrangement of levers and rods
connected with the governor of the steam engine, and with an auxiliary
cut-off valve placed near the main or slide valve, through which the
steam passes on entering the cylinder, and which levers and rods are
set in motion and their working regulated as after mentioned. The
auxiliary cut-off valve receives its motion from a connecting rod or

page_text: rods or levers which I call the valve connections, and it may be attached
direct to one end of this connection, or other levers may be introduced
between the valve connections and the valve to change the direction
of motion. The other end of the valve connections, if consisting of a
rod or of rods, rests upon a support near the governor of the engine in
such a way as to admit of its sliding backwards and forwards. To
this end of the valve connections there is attached by a joint or hinge
a lever which I call the double-motion lever, having near the end
other than that by which it is attached to the valve connections a
catch (which I call the first catch, and which it is desirable for the
sake of durability should be formed of hardened steel) for the purpose
of meeting the point of the opener after described.
It is necessary
that the double-motion lever be so attached and placed with reference
to the valve connections that the double-motion lever may be moved
upwards and downwards by the action of the governor balls as after
mentioned, and may also be worked or operated upon by the opener
and by the stopper as after mentioned..
A backward and forward motion has to be given to the valve connec-
tions. The motion in the one direction opens the auxiliary cut-off valve,
and this I call the opening motion; the motion in the other direction
shuts it, and this I call the closing motion. The opening motion must be
communicated by the contact with the first catch on the double-motion
lever of another lever with an oscillating motion, or of a bar with a reci-
procating motion; this lever or bar I call the opener. This opening
motion can be given by any arrangement which observes the threc
following conditions, viz., first, that the effect of the motion shall be to
open the auxiliary cut-off valve; second, that if the first catch on the
double-motion lever were constantly in contact with the opener, one
opening motion would be given and time allowed for one closing motion
during each one-half revolution of the crank of the steam engine; and,
third, that when by the centrifugal action of the balls of the governor the
double-motion lever is raised or depressed, as the case may be, the opener
shall miss the first catch on the double-motion lever. I proceed to
describe one way in which this motion may be given :-I fix above the
double-action lever another lever, which I call the oscillating lever, in
such a position that its point (which it is desirable for the sake of
durability should be formed of hardened steel) shall meet the first catch
on the double-motion lever when the double-motion lever is raised above
a certain point, and shall miss that catch when that lever is depressed

page_text: below that point, and to this oscillating lever an oscillating motion is
given. This motion can either be given to the oscillating lever by a rod
or rods attached to an eccentric on the spindle of the governor (in which
case the spindle must make two revolutions during one revolution of the
crank shaft of the steam engine), or the motion may be derived from
other parts of the steam engine. When the oscillating lever is set in
motion the point of it meets the first catch on the double-motion lever
and presses it either towards or away from the auxiliary cut-off valve,
according as it is arranged to meet the catch on the one side or the other.
This pressure moves the double-motion lever in the direction in which it
is exerted, and as that lever is joined to the valve connections it com-
municates a motion to the latter which opens the auxiliary cut-off valve.
The closing motion, which is a reverse or return one to the opening
motion, can be given to the valve connections in several ways, as by a
spring or weight, the particular way in which it is given not being part
of my Invention, but the effect of this motion must be to shut or close
the auxiliary cut-off valve. I prefer using a spring for this purpose.
The backward and forward motion of the valve connections above
described opens and shuts the auxiliary cut-off valve for each half
revolution of the crank shaft, and as that valve can be adjusted to cut off
the steam at a much carlier point than the main or slide valve, it follows
that when the valve is in motion it admits only a certain quantity of
steam at full pressure to drive each half-stroke of the piston, and by so
regulating the quantity admitted it is used expansively and a saving of
steam is effected.
1
To accomplish my object it is necessary further that when the steam
engine is going too fast the auxiliary cut-off valve should remain
closed, so as to diminish the supply of steam, and that when the steam
engine is going too slow the auxiliary cut-off valve should remain open,
so as to admit an increased supply of steam, in both cases until the
proper speed of the steam engine is resumed; and I now proceed
to describe how these are donc. I describe first how I secure that the
auxiliary cut-off valve shall remain closed when the steam engine is
going too fast until it resumes its proper speed. I connect the end of
the double-motion lever other than that attached to the valve connections
with the governor slide by a connecting rod or connecting rods, either
attached directly to the governor slide or with a lever or levers interposed
between the rod or rods and the slide, so that when the engine is going

page_text: stopper, when the stopper falls or is raised and the second catch is caught
by the stopper's edge or point, and held there so long as the double-
motion lever is raised or depressed to such a degree as that the second
catch is met by the edge or point of the stopper, this taking place when
the auxiliary cut-off valve is fully open, and this valve is thereby held
open so long as the second catch is so met. The steam in this way not
being cut off by this valve rushes in in greater quantity, and its
admission to the cylinder is regulated only by the main or slide valve,
which cuts off the steam at a later part of the stroke than the auxiliary
cut-off valve does when working. The increased volume of steam thus
admitted almost instantaneously restores the speed of the steam engine,
and as the speed is thus restored the balls of the governor are again
raised, and consequently the double-motion lever is depressed or raised,
as the case may be, so as that the second catch clears the stopper's edge
or point, when the closing motion is again resumed.
By the means above described any irregularity, however small, is
instantly corrected, and an almost uniform speed maintained in the
working of the steam engine, notwithstanding variations of burden or of
steam pressure. As long as there is no variation of burden or stean
pressure the opener will regularly nicct the first catch on the double-
motion lever, while the second catch on that lever will clear the stopper,
and thus the auxiliary cut-off valve will regularly open and shut and
admit steam at full pressure to each half-stroke of the piston; and on
any variation of burden or steam pressure occurring to alter the speed
of the steam engine it is at once corrected by one or other of the means
above described. If the variation be a diminution of the burden or
increase of steam pressure so as to make the steam engine go faster the
increased speed is at once checked by the opener missing the catch on
the double-motion lever, and thereby allowing the auxiliary cut-off valve
to remain shut and cut off the supply of steam until the speed is reduced
to the proper rate. Again, if the variation be an increase of the burden
or diminution of steam pressure so as to diminish the speed of the steam
engine the diminution of speed is at once checked by the edge or point
of the stopper meeting the second catch, and thereby keeping the
auxiliary cut-off valve open and allowing a larger volume of steam to
find its way to the piston until the speed is increased to the proper rate:
I shall for the sake of making my Invention more intelligible illustrate
it by reference to the annexed Drawing, premising that this Drawing

page_text: is not intended to limit my Invention to the particular position or con-
struction or arrangement of the apparatus there shewu, or of its separate
parts, but is referred to merely for the sake of illustrating my Invention
by shewing an example of it in its practical application.
The valve connections marked a are attached to an auxiliary cut-off
valve cither directly or by levers; these connections are double where they
pass the governor spindle and are guided in bosses cast upon the sides of
the column. Between the double ends the double-motion lever marked c
is attached by a joint, and its other end supported by the connecting
rod e from one end of the governor lever d. The governor lever d
is supported by the fulcrum m, its other end being attached to the
governor slide f. The end of the double-notion lever will thus move
upwards or downwards according as the governor slide moves down-
wards or upwards by the action of the governor balls, and when in
its middle position the first catch on it at o should be in contact with
the steel point of the oscillating lever or opener b. This lever is sup-
ported by the fulcrum », and its upper end receives motion from an
eccentric g, to which it is attached by two rods t. In this arrange-
ment the eccentric being on the governor spindle the governor must
make two revolutions for each revolution of the crank shaft, and
will thus move the auxiliary cut off valve cach time that steam should
be admitted to the piston. When the quantity of steam admitted is
in excess of what is required the speed of the engine will increase,
the governor slide f will rise, and the connecting rod e will depress
the double-motion lever c, and thus the first catch o will lose its
contact with the end of the oscillating lever or opener b, and the steel
spring k will move the valve connections a to shut the auxiliary cut-
off valve, which will remain shut until the governor resumes its middle
position, when the first catch o on the double-motion lever c will again
come in contact with the end of the oscillating lever or opener b, and
the regular action of the cut-off valve will again be resumed. When
the speed of the engine is reduced by an increase of the burden or
otherwise the governor slide f will fall and the double-motion lever o
will be raised, and with it the second catch on it at r will raise the
stopper h, and when the oscillating lever or opener 6 has moved the
double-motion lever o to the position when the auxiliary cut-off valve
is fully open, the stopper will fall and prevent by the contact of
its edge or point with the second catch r the cut-off valve from being
closed until the governor has again resumed its middle position and

page_text: depressed the double-motion lever clear of the stopper h, when again
the cut-off valve will resume its regular action until either the catch o
loses its contact with the oscillating lever or opener b, or the second
catch comes again in contact with the edge or point of the stopper h.
The range of the governor slide may be limited to a minimum, and
the adjustments of the short connecting rod e and the stopper h so
arranged that the least irregularity of motion will instantly correct
itself by the action of the cut-off valve being suspended, leaving it
either fully open or shut for a moment. The eccentric g may be
set with respect to the motion of the slide valve, so that the steam
may be cut off at any point between one-cighth and one-half from
the commencement of the piston's stroke, to suit the average burden
on the steam engine.
In conclusion, the essential matters in the arrangements and apparatus
before described are the opening and closing motions, and that these
must be given in each half revolution of the crank, except when the
auxiliary cut-off valve has to be kept open or closed, and must be
derived from sources independent of each other and not connected with
the action of the governor balls; the double-motion lever with its two
catches, its connection with the governor, the stopper, and the arrange-
ment of the double-motion lever, stopper, and opener in such a way
that when the governor is in its middle position the first catch on
the double-motion lever will be met by the opener, and the second
catch on that lever will miss coming into contact with the edge or
point of the stopper, and that when the governor is raised above its
middle position the opener will miss the first catch on the double-
motion lever, and that when the governor is depressed below its middle
position the edge or point of the stopper will meet the second catch
on the double-motion lever, when that lever is at the position which
fully opens the auxiliary cut-off valve.
I claim as my Invention, the said arrangement of the double-motion
lever in connection with the auxiliary cut-off valve and governor slide,
and of the opener, and of the spring, weight, or other means used for
giving the closing motion, and of the stopper so as to produce the
effects above described, and the regulating by means of these the speed
of steam engines so as to secure an almost uniform rate of speed
notwithstanding variations of burden or of steam pressure.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said William Umpherston in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 18th December 1868.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
UMPHERSTON, of Loanhead, in the County of Edinburgh, Engineer,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twentieth day of June, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-eight, in the thirty-
second year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said William Umpherston, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, Her special licence that I, the said William
Umpherston, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others
as I, the said William Umpherston, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to
time and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed,
should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands,
and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM ENGINES
FOR OBTAINING AN ALMOST UNIFORM SPEED BY MEANS OF CONNECTIONS BETWEEN
THE GOVERNOR AND AN AUXILIARY CUT-OFF VALVE," upon the condition
(amongst others) that I, the said William Umpherston, or my executors
or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one
of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to
be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent
Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date
of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said William Umpherston, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement :-
The object is attained by means of an arrangement of levers and rods
connected with the governor of the steam engine, and with an auxiliary
cut-off valve placed near the main or slide valve, through which the
steam passes on entering the cylinder, and which levers and rods are
set in motion, and their working is regulated as after mentioned. The
auxiliary cut-off valve receives its motion from a connecting rod or

page_text: rods or levers which I call the valve connections, and it may be attached
direct to one end of this connection, or other levers may be introduced
between the valve connections and the valve to change the direction
of motion. The other end of the valve connections, if consisting of a
rod or of rods, rests upon a support near the governor of the engine in
such a way as to admit of its sliding backwards and forwards. To this
end of the valve connections there is attached by a joint or hinge a lever
which I call the double-motion lever, having near the end other than
that by which it is attached to the valve connections a catch (which I
call the first catch, and which it is desirable for the sake of durability
should be formed of hardened steel) for the purpose of meeting the
point of the opener after described. It is necessary that the double-
motion lever be so attached and placed with reference to the valve
connections that the double-motion lever may be moved upwards and
downwards by the action of the governor balls as after mentioned,
and may also be worked or operated upon by the opener and by the
stopper as after mentioned.
A backward and forward motion has to be given to the valve con-
nections. The motion in the one direction opens the auxiliary cut-off
valve, and this I call the opening motion; the motion in the other
direction shuts it, and this I call the closing motion. The opening
motion must be communicated by the contact with the first catch on
the double-motion lever of another lever with an oscillating motion, or
of a bar with a reciprocating motion; this lever or bar I call the
opener. This opening motion can be given by any arrangement which
observes the three following conditions, viz., first, that the effect of the
motion shall be to open the auxiliary cut-off valve; second, that if
the first catch on the double-motion lever were constantly in contact
with the opener, one opening motion would be given and time allowed
for one closing motion during each one-half revolution of the crank of
the steam engine; and, third, that when by the centrifugal action of
the balls of the governor the double-motion lever is raised or depressed,
as the case may be, the opener shall miss the first catch on the double-
motion lever. I proceed to describe one way in which this motion may
be given :-I fix above the double-motion lever another lever, which I
call the oscillating lever, in such a position that its point (which it
is desirable for the sake of durability should be formed of hardened steel)
shall meet the first catch on the double-motion lever when the double-

page_text: motion lever is raised above a certain point, and shall miss that catch
when that lever is depressed below that point, and to this oscillating
lever an oscillating motion is given. This motion can either be given
to the oscillating lever by a rod or rods attached to an eccentric on the
spindle of the governor (in which case the spindle must make two
revolutions during one revolution of the crank shaft of the steam
engine), or the motion may be derived from other parts of the steam
engine. When the oscillating lever is set in motion the point of it
meets the first catch on the double-motion lever and presses it either
towards or away from the auxiliary cut-off valve, according as it is
arranged to meet the catch on the one side or the other. This pressure
moves the double-motion lever in the direction in which it is exerted,
and as that lever is joined to the valve connections it communicates a
motion to the latter which opens the auxiliary cut-off valve.
The closing motion, which is a reverse or return one to the opening
motion, can be given to the valve connections in several ways, as by a
spring or weight, the particular way in which it is given not being part
of my Invention, but the effect of this motion must be to shut or
close the auxiliary cut-off valve. I prefer using a spring for this
purpose.
The backward and forward motion of the valve connections above
described opens and shuts the auxiliary cut-off valve for each half
revolution of the crank shaft, and as that valve can be adjusted to cut
off the steam at a much carlier point than the main or slide valve, it
follows that when the valve is in motion it admits only a certain quantity
of steam at full pressure to drive each half stroke of the piston, and
by so regulating the quantity admitted it is used expansively and a saving
of steam is effected.
To accomplish my object it is necessary further that when the steam
engine is going too fast the auxiliary cut-off valve should remain closed,
so as to diminish the supply of steam, and that when the steam engine
is going too slow the auxiliary cut-off valve should remain open, so as
to admit an increased supply of steam, in both cases until the proper
speed of the steam engine is resumed; and I now proceed to describe
how these are done. I describe first how I secure that the auxiliary
cut-off valve shall remain closed when the steam engine is going too
fast until it resumes its proper speed. I connect the end of the double-
motion lever other than that attached to the valve connections with

page_text: the governor slide by a connecting rod or connecting rods, either
attached directly to the governor slide or with a lever or levers interposed
between the rod or rods and the slide, so that when the engine is going
too fast the centrifugal action of the governor balls raises the governor
slide and communicates a corresponding motion to the double motion
lever, raising or depressing it so far that the opener misses the first
catch on it, and the opening motion thus not being given the auxiliary
cut-off valve is kept shut by the spring or other force by which the
closing motion is given. The steam being thus cut off the steam
engine immediately reduces its speed, and as it does so the balls of
the governor fall and depress the slide. This communicates a corre-
sponding motion to the double-motion lever in the direction opposite
to that caused by the raising of the balls and slide, so as to bring the
first catch again in contact with the point of the opener, when the
opening motion is instantly resumed.
I now proceed to describe how I secure that the auxiliary cut-off valve
shall remain open when the steam engine is going too slow until it
resumes its proper speed. There is fixed near the double-motion lever
an arm which I call the stopper fixed at one end upon a joint or hinge,
and with the other end in close proximity to a second catch on the
same side of the double-motion lever as the first catch. This arm is
so fixed if placed over the double-motion lever that while it can be
raised it cannot fall below a certain point. If placed under that lever
means must be used for raising the stopper to its place again whenever
it has been pressed downwards by the double-motion lever and passed
by the second catch on it, so as to cause it to meet that catch. This
can be done by attaching a spring or a weight to the stopper arranged
to act in the desired way, but the particular means used for this do not
form part of my Invention. Whatever means are used for this purpose
must, however, be so adjusted as not to raise the stopper above the
point necessary for the proper working of the apparatus. It is desirable
for the sake of durability that the end of the stopper and the second
catch be formed of hardened steel. This second catch is so placed
that when by the action of the opener the double-motion lever is at
the extreme point to which it is moved for the purpose of opening the
auxiliary cut-off valve this second catch has very slightly passed the
end of the stopper. When the steam engine is going too slow the
balls of the governor fall and depress the slide with which they are

page_text: connected, and give a corresponding motion to the double-motion lever
which brings it into contact with the stopper and raises or depresses it,
as the case may be, as the lever passes until the second catch has passed
the end of the stopper, when the stopper falls or is raised and the second
catch is caught by the stopper's edge or point, and held there so long
as the double-motion lever is raised or depressed to such a degree as
that the second catch is met by the edge or point of the stopper, this
taking place when the auxiliary cut-off valve is fully open, and this
valve is thereby held open so long as the second catch is so met. The
steam in this way not being cut off by this valve rushes in in greater
quantity, and its admission to the cylinder is regulated only by the
main or slide valve, which cuts off the steam at a later part of the
stroke than the auxiliary cut-off valve does when working. The
increased volume of steam thus admitted almost instantaneously restores
the speed of the steam engine, and as the speed is thus restored the
balls of the governor are again raised, and consequently the double-
motion lever is depressed or raised as the case may be, so as that the
second catch clears the stopper's edge or point, when the closing motion
is again resumed.
By the means above described any irregularity, however small, is
instantly corrected, and an almost uniform speed maintained in the
working of the steam engine, notwithstanding variations of burden or of
steam pressure. As long as there is no variation of burden or steam
pressure the opener will regularly meet the first catch on the double-
motion lever, while the second catch on that lever will clear the stopper,
and thus the auxiliary cut-off valve will regularly open and shut and
admit steam at full pressure to each half stroke of the piston; and on
any variation of burden or steam pressure occurring to alter the speed
of the steam engine it is at once corrected by one or other of the means
above described. If the variation be a diminution of the burden or
increase of steam pressure so as to make the steam engine go faster the
increased speed is at once checked by the opener missing the catch on
the double-motion lever, and thereby allowing the auxiliary cut-off valve
to remain shut and cut off the supply of steam until the speed is reduced
to the proper rate. Again, if the variation be an increase of the burden
or diminution of steam pressure so as to diminish the speed of the steam
engine the diminution of speed is at once checked by the edge or point
of the stopper meeting the second catch, and thereby keeping the

page_text: auxiliary cut-off valve open and allowing a larger volume of steam to
find its way to the piston until the speed is increased to the proper rate.
I shall for the sake of making my Invention more intelligible illustrate
it by reference to the annexed Drawing, promising that this Drawing
is not intended to limit my Invention to the particular position or
construction or arrangement of the apparatus there shewn, or of its
separate parts, but is referred to merely for the sake of illustrating my
Invention by shewing an example of it in its practical application.
The valve connections marked a are attached to an auxiliary cut-off
valve, either directly or by levers; these connections are double where
they pass the governor spindle and are guided in bosses cast upon the
sides of the column. Between the double ends the double-motion lever
marked c is attached by a joint, and its other end supported by the
connecting rod e from one end of the governor lever d. The governor
lever d is supported by the fulcrum m, its other end being attached to
the governor slide f. The end of the double-motion lever will thus
move upwards or downwards according as the governor slide moves
downwards or upwards by the action of the governor balls, and when
in its middle position the first catch on it at o should be in contact with
the steel point of the oscillating lever or opener b. This lever is
supported by the fulcrum n, and its upper end receives motion from an
eccentric g, to which it is attached by two rods t. In this arrangement
the eccentric being on the governor spindle the governor must make
two revolutions for each revolution of the crank shaft, and will thus
move the auxiliary cut-off valve each time that steam should be admitted
to the piston. When the quantity of steam admitted is in excess of
what is required the speed of the engine will increase, the governor
slide will rise, and the connecting rod e will depress the double-motion
lever c, and thus the first catch o will lose its contact with the end of
the oscillating lever or opener 6, and the steel spring k will move the
valve connections a to shut the auxiliary cut-off valve, which will remain
shut until the governor resumes its middle position, when the first
catch o on the double-motion lever c will again come in contact with
the end of the oscillating lever or opener b, and the regular action of the
cut-off valve will again be resumed. When the speed of the engine is
reduced by an increase of the burden or otherwise the governor slide f
will fall and the double-motion lever c will be raised, and with it the
second catch on it at r will raise the stopper h, and when the oscillating

page_text: lever or opener b has moved the double-motion lever c to the position
when the auxiliary cut-off valve is fully open, the stopper h will fall
and prevent by the contact of its edge or point with the second catch r
the cut-off valve from being closed until the governor has again resumed
its middle position, and depressed the double-motion lever clear of the
stopper h, when again the cut-off valve will resume its regular action
until either the catch o loses its contact with the oscillating lever or
opener b, or the second catch comes again in contact with the edge or
point of the stopper h. The range of the governor slide may be limited
to a minimum, and the adjustments of the short connecting rod e and
the stopper so arranged that the least irregularity of motion will
instantly correct itself by the action of the cut-off valve being suspended,
leaving it either fully open or shut for a moment. The eccentric g may
be set with respect to the motion of the slide valve, so that the steam
may be cut off at any point between one-eighth and one-half from the
commencement of the piston's stroke, to suit the average burden on the
steam engine.
In conclusion, the essential matters in the arrangements and apparatus
before described are the opening and closing motions, and that these
must be given in each half revolution of the crank, except when the
auxiliary cut-off valve has to be kept open or closed, and must be
derived from sources independent of each other and not connected with
the action of the governor balls; the double-motion lever with its
two catches, its connection with the governor, the stopper, and the
arrangement of the double-motion lever, stopper, and opener in such a
way that when the governor is in its middle position the first catch on
the double-motion lever will be met by the opener, and the second catch
on that lever will miss coming into contact with the edge or point of
the stopper, and that when the governor is raised above its middle
position the opener will miss the first catch on the double-motion lever,
and that when the governor is depressed below its middle position the
edge or point of the stopper will meet the second catch on the double-
motion lever, when that lever is at the position which fully opens the
auxiliary cut-off valve.
I claim as my Invention, the said arrangement of the double-motion
lover in connection with the auxiliary cut-off valve and governor slide,
and of the opener, and of the spring, weight, or other means used for
giving the closing motion, and of the stopper so as to produce the

page_text: effects above described, and the regulating by means of these the speed
of steam engines so as to secure an almost uniform rate of speed
notwithstanding variations of burden or of steam pressure.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Umpherston, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Seventeenth day of December, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-eight.
W. UMPHERSTON. (L.s.)