IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR dyeing COTTON AND OTHER FIBRES
Year: 1882

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Enoch Heppenstall of Huddersfield in the county of
York, Dyer for an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR dyeing
COTTON AND OTHER FIBRES
"
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Enoch Heppenstall at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 10th July 1882.
ENOCH HEPPENSTALL of Huddersfield in the county of York, Dyer, “IMPROVE-
MENTS IN APPARATUS FOR DYEING COTTON AND OTHER FIBRES."
.
This invention relates principally to the employment of apparatus for dyeing
loose cotton, either in the raw state or in waste, aniline black, but which can be
employed for dyeing fibres of other colours if required, and the invention consists
in the employment of a series of troughs which are fitted with self acting raking
apparatus, also with conveying tables, squeezing rollers and doffers; in the troughs
are placed the washing material or heated water, mordants and dye mixtures
and the loose cotton or fibres are passed in and out of the troughs and
the fibres are delivered from the last trough in a dyed state by which means I
produce dyed loose cotton in the raw state or in waste more evenly dyed and also
more solid with less labour or cost, besides retaining the strength of the fibres.
For this purpose I employ a combination of modified wool scouring apparatus
and by preference those known in the trade as John Petrie Junior's.
In the troughs of the apparatus and for each operation are passed the fibres or
material to be dyed and the fibres are gradually moved forward by rakes or other
such apparatus; I construct my troughs with slanting bottoms having the slant
towards the feed end and by preference I place the several troughs in a line to
have a direct driving gear but I can fit the troughs in any convenient position and
according to the room in the dye works.
The loose cotton, either raw or waste, or any other fibrous material is first placed
on a feed brattice and conveyed through a metal immerser in the first trough or
apparatus in which is heated or boiling water, and as the cleansing operation
proceeds the fibres or materials operated on are moved forward by self acting rakes

page_text: or other such.apparatus and the fibres are taken up near the end of the trough
by a double headed swing rake which places them onto a slide lifter or conveying
table and which gives an equal and level laying of the fibres which pass on and
through a pair of squeezing rollers placed low in the trough; the fibres from the
squeezing rollers pass onto a doffer which prevents the fibres sticking to the
rollers; the cleansed cotton fibres pass into a second trough also fitted with self
acting lifting rakes. In this second trough is placed, to a certain and regulated
height, the mordant mixture to mordant the fibres; by preference I employ Posselt
and Peter's mordant mixtures and shower apparatus as described in the specification
of Letters Patent No 445 AD 1880, that is to say I fit over the second trough on
a suitable fixed table, a cistern in which is placed the mordanting mixture which
falls through a pipe or tube into a cross pipe or tube which is perforated with
small holes and which, when the tap connected to the cistern pipe or tube is opened,
causes the mordant mixture to fall in a shower upon the loose cotton or cotton
waste which is being moved forward by the rakes; it is obvious that several
perforated tubes or pipes can be employed and fitted over the trough. Again
several troughs fitted with self acting rakes and apparatus can be employed to
allow of several mixing operations and fixing of the ingredients forming the mordant.
When the fibres have received the mordant in passing through the trough or troughs,
they are lifted by a double rake onto a conveying table and from there through a
pair of squeezing rollers so regulated as to press out the mordant mixture which is
not required and which falls back into the trough; the mordanted fibres pass on
into another trough in which is placed some dye mixture; a shower of dye mixture
is also employed which falls on the fibres moved forward by the rakes; the dye
mixture cistern is placed on a suitable stand or table fixed above or near the dye
trough and the dye mixture falls through a pipe into a cross pipe or cross pipes
perforated with small holes onto the fibres moving forward in the dye trough ; I
can employ two or more dyeing troughs instead of a single one in which the dyeing
mixtures are separate and act each in turn on the fibres. The mordanted fibres
receive a certain amount of dye in passing through the bath in the trough and
another dyeing from the shower of dye material or materials coming through the
perforated pipe or pipes as the fibres are passing or moved on by the rakes, and
when arrived near the end of the trough or troughs, the fibres are lifted up by a
double acting rake or rakes and conveyed to a pair of rollers which squeeze out
the dye mixture; the fibres are then passed into another and last trough fitted
with rakes in which is placed a washing mixture or cold water to wash off with
and the loose cotton properly dyed is then received on a suitable table.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said Enoch Heppenstall in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
10th January 1883.
ENOCH HEPPENSTALL of Huddersfield in the county of York, Dyer
MENTS IN APPARATUS FOR DYEING COTTON AND OTHER FIBRES
"IMPROVE-
This invention relates principally to the employment of apparatus for dyeing
loose cotton (either in the raw state or in waste) aniline black but which can also
be employed for dyeing fibres other colours if required and the invention consists
in the employment of a series of troughs which are fitted with self acting raking
apparatus also with conveying tables, squeezing rollers and doffers. In the troughs
are placed the washing material or heated water, mordants and dye mixtures and
the loose cotton or other fibres are passed in and out of the troughs and the fibres
are delivered from the last trough in a dyed state, by which means I produce
dyed loose cotton in the raw state or in waste more evenly dyed and also more
solid with less labour or cost besides retaining the strength of the fibres.
For this purpose I employ a combination of modified wool scouring apparatus
and by preference those known in the trade as John Petrie junior's.
In the troughs of the apparatus and for each operation are passed the fibres or
material to be dyed and the fibres are gradually moved forward by rakes or other
such apparatus. I construct my troughs with slanting bottoms having the slant
towards the feed end- and by preference I place the several troughs in a line to
have a direct driving gear but I can fit the troughs in any convenient position and
according to the room in the dye works.
The loose cotton either raw or waste or any other fibrous material is first placed
on a feed brattice and conveyed through a metal immerser in the first trough or
apparatus in which is heated or boiling water and as the cleansing operation
proceeds the fibres or materials operated on are moved forward by self acting
rakes or other such apparatus and the fibres are taken up near the end of the
trough by a double headed swing rake which places them onto a slide lifter or
conveying table which gives an equal and level laying of the fibres which pass on
and through a pair of squeezing rollers placed low in the trough; the fibres from
the squeezing rollers pass onto a doffer which prevents the fibres sticking to the
rollers, the cleansed cotton fibres pass into a second trough also fitted with self
acting lifting rakes. In this second trough is placed to a certain and regulated
height the mordant mixture to mordant the fibres; by preference I employ Posselt
and Peter's mordant mixtures and shower apparatus as described in the specifi-
cation of Letters Patent N° 445 AD 1880 that is to say, I fit over the second
trough on a suitable fixed table a cistern in which is placed the mordanting
mixture which falls through a pipe or tube into a cross pipe or tube which is
perforated with small holes and which when the tap connected to the cistern pipe
or tube is opened causes the mordant mixture to fall in a shower upon the loose
cotton or cotton waste which is being moved forward by the rakes; it is obvious
that several perforated tubes or pipes can be employed and fitted over the trough.
Again, several troughs fitted with self acting rakes and apparatus can be employed
to allow of several mixing operations, and fixing of the ingredients forming the
mordant. When the fibres have received the mordant in passing through the
trough or troughs, the fibres are lifted by a double rake onto a conveying table
and from there through a pair of squeezing rollers so regulated as to press out the
mordant mixture which is not required and which falls back in the trough; the
mordanted fibres pass on into another trough in which is placed some dye mixture;

page_text: a shower of dye mixture is also employed which falls on the fibres moved forward
by the rakes; the dye mixture cistern is placed on a suitable stand or table fixed
above or near the dye-trough and. the dye mixture falls through a pipe into a cross
pipe or cross pipes perforated with small holes onto the fibres moving forward
in the dye trough. I can employ two or more dyeing troughs instead of a single
one in which the dyeing mixtures are separate and act each in turn on the fibres ;-
the mordanted fibres receive a certain amount of dye in passing through the bath
in the trough and another dyeing from the shower of dye material or materials
coming through the perforated pipe or pipes as the fibres are passing or being
moved on by the rakes and when arrived near the end of the trough or troughs
the fibres are lifted up by a double acting rake or rakes and conveyed to a pair
of rollers which squeezes out the dye mixture; the fibres are then passed into
another and last trough fitted with rakes and containing a washing mixture (or
cold water) to wash off with, and the loose dyed cotton is then received on a
suitable table.
Having thus described my invention and the best means with which I am
acquainted for carrying the same into effect I wish it to be understood that What
I claim is :-
The employment of a series of troughs having self acting raking and lifting
apparatus, conveying tables, squeezing rollers and doffers for dyeing loose cotton
(either in the raw state or in the waste) aniline black or other colours arranged
and operating substantially in the manner and for the purposes hereinbefore
described.
In Witness whereof I the said Enoch Heppenstall have hereto set my hand
and seal this eighth day of January in the year of our Lord one thousand
Witness
WALTER JAS, TURNER C.E.
Patent Agent
Bradford
ENOCH HEPPENSTALL. (LS)