IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM BOILERS
Year: 1871

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Garrett Tongue, of the Firm of Tongue
and Birkbeck, Patent Agents and Engineers, of 34, Southampton
Buildings, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex, for the
Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM BOILERS."-A communication
from abroad by Clement Daniel de Laharpe and Frederic Henri
François Marie Fouché, Engineers, both of Paris, France.
Sealed the 19th January 1872, and dated the 31st July 1871.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Garrett Tongue
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 31st July 1871.
I, JOHN GARRETT TONGUE, of the Firm of Tongue and Birkbeck,
Patent Agents and Engineers, of 34, Southampton Buildings, Chancery
Lane, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM BOILERS," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to improvements in the construction of steam
boilers as follows:-
1st. So arranging and constructing steam boilers as to cause:
circulation of the flame and gases through an interior flue having a
A

page_text: downward direction either vertical or more or less inclined downward
in order that the coldest gases only may pass away through the
chimney..
2nd. So arranging and constructing steam boilers that the circulation
of the feed water is in a reverse or opposite direction to the hot gases
which constitutes this particular method of heating.
3rd. So arranging and constructing steam boilers as to cause
rapid circulation of water over the heated surfaces in order to con-
stantly cool these surfaces and thereby obtain a greater production of
steam.
The type of boilers represented in the annexed Drawings show various
forms or types of steam boilers constructed in accordance with these
improvements and which may be of any suitable dimensions. These
improved steam boilers are applicable to fixed boilers heated by a special
fire-place or furnace, or by the gases resulting from metallurgical, gaso-
geneous, or other apparatuses, to locomotive and portable boilers, to
steamboat, crane, and fire-engine boilers.
Description of 1st type or class of these improved steam boilers for
fixed or semi-fixed boilers.-Fig. 1 shews a vertical section of this type
of boiler, and Fig. 2 a plan in section of the same taken on the line A, B,
of Fig. 1. These Figurès show a vertical boiler with an interior fire-box,
the flame and products of combustion descending into a chamber sur-
rounded with water and escaping at the lower end of the boiler. The
feed water enters the boiler at the lower end and ascends gradually as
it becomes heated. In the lower chamber or compartment tubes known
'as 'Field's" are fixed which produce a rapid circulation of water by
means of a tube open at both ends fixed in the interior of each of the
larger tubes, the object of such tubes being to increase the heating
surface. a is the fire-place or furnace; b, the fire-bridge; c, passage of
the flame and gases through the lower tube chamber or compartment d;
e, escape flue; f, feed water pipe.
66
Description of 2nd type or class of these improved boilers.—Fig. 3
shews a vertical section of this type of boiler; Fig. 4 is a horizontal
section of the same taken on the line 'C, D, of Fig. 3; and Fig. 5
shews a vertical elevation of the same. These Figures show a vertical
boiler with an interior fire-place, the flame and products of combustion
descending into a vertical flue surrounded with water and escaping at

page_text: the lower end. The feed water enters the boiler at the lower part
as in the former type. In the vertical flue a series of tubes are fixed
connecting the two ends of the vertical flue. 9 is the fire-place or
furnace; h, tubes; i, escape flue to chimney; j, feed-water pipe; k, fire-
bridge; m are dotted lines showing the form of the boiler in cases
where the tubes employed are tubes known as Field's," in which
case the outlet flue will be as represented by the dotted lines n.
"
Description of 3d type or class of improved steam boilers with
interior flues specially adapted for great production of steam.-Fig. 6
shews a vertical end elevation of this form of boiler, and Fig. 7 a vertical
longitudinal section of the same taken on the line G, H, of Fig. 6. This
type or class of steam boiler presents an extensive level surface of water,
and all its parts are of a cylindrical form which will allow of large
diameters being used without danger. is the fire-place or furnace;
u, the fire-bridge;
;v, a series of vertical tubes; w0, outlet flue to chimney;
y, feed water pipe.
Description of 4th type or class of improved steam boilers arranged
with two flues fixed opposite one another in a cylindrical horizontal
body. Fig. 8 shows a vertical longitudinal section of this form of boiler;
Fig. 9. is a horizontal section of the same taken on the line I, H, of
Fig. 8, and Fig. 10 is a vertical elevation of the same boiler. A vertical
cylindrical flue either circular or formed of two circular segments con-
nected together allows the descent of the current of heated gases. The
outlet of smoke and gases to the chimney is at a or at b.
In the case
where the interior and exterior casing of the vertical body are composed
of two cylindrical segments, as shown in the vertical section and in the
horizontal section, Figs. 11 and 12, those of the interior are joined
together by a double vertical partition tie-piece d, d. This double
partition of the tubular body does not extend to the top or bottom in
order to afford free passage to the heated gases. In both cases the
flue may contain a series of tubes open at both ends, as shown in the
Drawings, or open at the lower end, as shown by the dotted lines c;
or the flue may or may not be arranged with horizontal or inclined
cylindrical or conical boiler tubes, or tubes known as "Field's."
Description of 5th type or class of these improved steam boilers for
locomotive and portable boilers.-Fig. 13 shows a vertical section of this
type or class of boiler; Fig. 14 shows a horizontal section of the same
A 2

page_text: '
taken on the line E, F, of Fig. 13. This form of boiler has an inner
fire-place with an inclined flue containing tubes having the same
inclination as the flue. The feed water is introduced close to the flue
leading to the chimney. p is the fire-place or furnace; q, tubes; r, flue
leading to the chimney; 8, feed water pipe.
For the special application of this part of these improvements to
locomotives this type or class may be provided with a square fire-place
or furnace according to the usual method of constructing locomotive
furnaces; this method is shown in Sheet 4, Fig. 15 being a longi-
tudinal elevation, and Fig. 16 an end view. An inclined flat boiler
tube may be employed in the furnace known as "Tembrinck's system,"
as indicated by the dotted line e, f, in Figure 16. The smoke and
products of combustion will have an outlet from both ends of the body
or series of tubes in 9, g, from whence they will escape into the chimney.
A box h in communication with the interior of the body or series of
tubes will serve to collect the ashes to be withdrawn by a door.
In cases where the disposition of the front wheels will permit the
chimney of the box h will start according to the lateral passages indicated
by dotted lines.
Description of 6 type or class for the special application of these im-
provements to locomotives.-The fire-place or furnace may be separated
from the body of tubes in uniting them by one or several tubes, causing
the flame and heated gases to go into the upper part of the body or
series of tubes fixed vertically, the tubes being open at both ends in the
water of the boiler and the current of the heated gases will pass to
the chimney through the lower part of the body or series of tubes.
fire-place or furnace will be similar to the ordinary fire-places of loco-
motives with the exception that the tubular plate will be dispensed
with and replaced by a casing having only a few openings.
The
The body or scries of tubes will be cylindrical or composed of two
or several cylindrical chambers connected together, of which the inner
parts will be bent for the interior casing by a vertical boiler tube leaving
openings for the passage of gases by the upper and lower tubular plates
for the exterior casing by ties traversing this boiler tube or fixed above
the tubular vessel or chamber. Fig. 17 shows a horizontal section of
this arrangement, the crossed partitions i and j are equivalent to the
partition d of Figures 11 and 12. These partitions may be arranged in
succession so as to cause the gases to pass alternately up and down

page_text: through the body of tubes, partitions being fixed between the cylindrical
casings so as to cause the water forced into the boiler close to the
chimney to pass through the tubes or between the cylindrical casing in
opposite directions to the current of gases.
In some cases the cylindrical bodies or series of tubes are united by a
connection surrounded with water which will allow a free passage to the
smoke and gases. Fig. 18 shows a horizontal section of this arrange-
ment. The smoke and gases coming from the fire-place or furnace by
the passage descends into the body or series of tubes m; from thence
passing by the lower end into the body or series of tubes n, and after
ascending then passes through the passage o at the upper part of
the body or series of tubes p, then descending to the basement of
the chimney q. The feed water is introduced close to the chimney, the
heating is methodical. All the upper parts of the several bodies or
series of tubes are put in communication for the steam by similar tubes
to the tuber of Fig. 19.
A rectangular form may be given to the body or series of tubes, as
shown by Figures 19 and 20, which show a vertical and part horizontal
section of a steam boiler arranged according to these improvements. In
this arrangement the lateral casing of the body or series of tubes are
tie-pieced one to the other, as is usual in the construction of locomotive
fire-places or furnaces, as previously described in reference, to the par-
tition d of Figures 11 and 12. The flue or chimney is connected to the
front at the base of the body or series of tubes, as shown. The steam
chambers are connected by the tuber. These several types of loco-
motive boilers afford great facility for the use of large driving wheels,
either one or several pairs being coupled together.
In place of the square furnace shown at Figure 19 a cylindrical
furnace a¹, as shown at Figure 20%, may be employed entirely surrounded
with water and placed in a cylindrical body 6¹ of the same form; the
two bodies being tie-pieced one with the other around their circum-
ference. The furnace in this arrangement supports a steam dome or
chamber c¹, and is connected to the successive series or bodies of tubes d'
or tubular evaporating apparatuses in the same manner as for any other
forms of the same type or class of boiler (in particular Figure 18). All
the steam chambers are in communication either by tubes or by a
horizontal cylindrical body placed above the body or series of tubes
and connected with them by communications as well as with the steam

page_text: chamber c¹ fixed above the fire-place or furnace. This arrangement has
for its object to obtain a form of more resistance and greater facility in
the construction and combination of parts.
Description of 7th type or class of boilers arranged and constructed
according to these improvements for special application to large marine
boilers. This type or class is shown at Sheet 7 of Fig. 21 in a vertical
section. The fire-place or furnace is fixed at the upper part, from
thence the flame and products of combustion pass through the passage 8
through an inclined body of tubes t, descending so as to escape through
the lateral chimney u. In this arrangement represents a chamber or
receptacle to collect the ashes carried out by the draft. When the
space in which the boiler is placed will permit the smoke and gases
may be conducted to the up-take or chimney by a passage represented
by the dotted lines v. The feed water may be introduced at the lower
part of the boiler close to the escape flue.
In cases where it is difficult to obtain sufficient draft owing to the
locality of the boiler it is intended to adopt the following arrangements:
-The principle of downward draft being dispensed with, the perfect
mixture of gases, which results from their circulation through the series
of tubes, obviating the inconvenience of dispensing with the downward
draft arrangement.
Description of 8th type or class of steam boilers arranged and con-
structed according to these improvements.-Fig. 22 shows a vertical
.section, and Fig. 23 a vertical elevation of a boiler arranged with a
vertical tubular chamber and horizontal fire-place or furnace which
is situated at the lower end of the series of tubes, the chimney is fixed
above in w. The feed water is introduced close to the chimney and the
improved method of heating the water will remain the same.
Description of 9th type or class of these improved steam boilers.―
Figure 24 shows a vertical section of a marine boiler, the construction
of which differs slightly from those at present in use with the exception
that the water is in the tubes instead of being surrounded thereby, the
draft having its outlet from the furnace ascends into the series of
tubes X surrounding the tubes, and escaping through the chimney y
situated at the upper end. The chimney may be fixed in a lateral
position, as indicated by dotted lines Z in order to obtain a greater heat
when the locality of the boiler will permit of such an arrangement.

page_text: The tubes are sufficiently inclined as to produce a rapid circulation of
the water.
With regard to the two types or classes of boilers represented by
Figures 21 and 24, they may be fixed side by side in the same boiler
with two or several fire-places or furnaces and series of tubes, such as
are shown in the Drawings.
For marine boilers in place of constructing the casing of a cubical
form in accordance with the arrangement shown at Figures 21, 24, in
which are fixed the furnace and evaporating apparatus or series of tubes,
three cylinders or chambers may be employed, as shown at Fig, 21ª in
longitudinal section, and Fig. 21° front view. One of these cylinders
a¹ surrounds the fire-place or furnace; 6¹, the cylinder; c¹, the series of
tubes, and the third cylinder d¹ forming a steam chamber which is
placed above the two first-named. This arrangement is also applicable
to the two descriptions of marinė steam boilers, shown at Figs. 21
and 24, and in cases where there would be several fire-places or furnaces
and series of tubes together a common steam chamber may be used with
a cylinder fixed transversely.
Figures 21°, 21°, show an arrangement of boiler as applied to the
type or class having of a downward draft.
In regard to the other arrangement it would be nearly the same, the
fire-place or furnace in that case being in the outer body, and the series
of tubes in the centre.
In all these types or classes of boilers the tubes may be dispensed with
and be replaced either by transverse, cylindrical, conical, inclined, or
horizontal boiler tubes. For these various types or classes of boilers
be sub-
arranged with tubes open at both ends "Field's" tubes may
stituteḍ open only at the upper end, in which case the construction of
the boilers will be slightly modified by dispensing with the lower ends
Das being useless.
In all the steam boilers previously described having a downward draft
the series of tubes may be fixed or arranged, as shown at Figure 25 of
the Drawings, by bringing them above the level of the water. The
upper part will in such cases be formed either by a prolongation of the
5 tube itself or by a smaller tube which being forced into the interior will
serve as a ring for the combination either by a larger tube which forced

page_text: at the exterior will form a ring outside of the principal tube. These
three methods of construction are shown at Figure 25.
In steam boilers constructed according to this Invention the ends of
the extremities of the series of tubes are shown as a fastening of the
end edges on angle-iron rivetted on the outside to the extremities of
the bodies or casings, but this arrangement and construction may be
varied, as indicated at Figure 26 of the Drawings, by a mode of fastening
the ends on angle iron rivetted at the inner part of the cylindrical
body.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said John Garrett Tongue in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 30th January 1872.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOHN
GARRETT TONGUE, of the Firm of Tongue and Birkbeck, Patent Agents
and Engineers, of 34, Southampton Buildings, Chancery Lane, in the
County of Middlesex, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Thirty-first day of July, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-one, in the thirty-
fifth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give
and grant unto me, the said John Garrett Tongue, Her special licence,
that I, the said John Garrett Tongue, my executors, dministrators, and
assigns, or such others as I, the said John Garrett Tongue, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others,
from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein
expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend,
within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM
BOILERS," a 'communication to me from abroad by Clement Daniel de
Laharpe and Frederic Henri François Marie Fouché, Engineers, both
of Paris, France, upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said
John Garrett Tongue, my executors or administrators, by an instrument
in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should
particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention,

page_text: and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the
same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that the said John Garrett Tongue, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement thereof, that is to say :-
This Invention relates to improvements in the construction of steam
boilers, as follows:-
First. So arranging and constructing steam boilers so as to cause
circulation of the flame and gases through an interior flue having a
downward direction, either vertical or more or less inclined downwards,
in order that the coldest gases only may pass away through the
chimney.
Second. So arranging and constructing steam boilers that the circu-
lation of the feed water is in a reverse or opposite direction to the
hot gases which constitutes this particular method of heating.
Third. So arranging and constructing steam boilers as to cause
rapid circulation of water over the heated surfaces, in order to con-
stantly cool these surfaces and thereby obtain a greater production
of steam.
The steam boilers represented in the annexed Drawings show various
forms or types of steam boilers constructed in accordance with these
improvements and which may be of any suitable dimensions. These
improved steam boilers are applicable to fixed boilers heated by a
special fire-place or furnace, or by the gases resulting from metallurgical,
gasogeneous, or other apparatuses, to locomotive and portable boilers,
to steamboat, crane, and fire-engine boilers.
Description of first type or class of these improved steam boilers for
fixed or semi-fixed boilers.-Figure 1 shews a vertical section of this
type of boiler, and Figure 2 a plan in section of the same taken on
the line A, B, of Figure 1. These Figures shew a vertical boiler with
an interior fire-box, the flame and products of combustion descending
into a chamber surrounded with water and escaping at the lower end
of the boiler. The feed water enters the boiler at the lower end
and ascends gradually as it becomes heated. In the lower chamber
or compartment tubes known as "Field's" are fixed which produce a

page_text: rapid circulation of water by means of a tube open at both ends fixed
in the interior of each of the larger tubes, the object of such tubes
being to increase the heating surface. a is the fire-place or furnace;
b, the fire bridge; c, passage for the flame and gases through the lower
tube chamber or compartment d; e, escape flue; ƒ, feed water pipe.
.Description of second type or class of these improved steam boilers.-
Figure 3 shows a vertical section of this type of boiler. Figure 4
is a horizontal section of the same taken on the line C, D, of Figure
3, and Figure 5 shows a vertical elevation of the same. These Figures
shew a vertical boiler with an interior fire-place, the flame and products ]
of combustion descending into a vertical flue surrounded with water
and escaping at the lower end. The feed water enters the boiler at
the lower part as in the former type. In the vertical flue a series of
tubes are fixed connecting the two ends of the vertical flue.
g is the
fire-place or furnace; h, tubes; i, escape flue to chimney; j, feed water 1
pipe k, fire-bridge; m are dotted lines showing the form of the boiler
in cases where the tubes employed are tubes known as "Field's "
which case the outlet flue is arranged as represented by the dotted
lines n.
izl
Description of third type or class of these improved steam boilers 2
with interior flues specially adapted for great production of steam.
Figure 6 shews a vertical end elevation of this form of boiler and
Figure 7 a vertical longitudinal section of the same taken on the line
G, H, of Figure 6. This type or class of steam boiler presents an
extensive level surface of water, and all its parts are of a cylindrical
form, which will allow of large diameters being used without danger;
t is the fire-place or furnace; u, the fire-bridge; v, a series of vertical
tubes; w, outlet flue to chimney; y, feed water pipe.
Description of 4th type or class of these improved steam boilers
arranged with two flues fixed opposite to one another in a cylindrical
horizontal body.—Figure 8 shews a vertical longitudinal section of thiṣ
form of boiler. Figure 9 is a part horizontal section of the same takeṇ
on the line I, H, of Figure 8, and Figure 10 is a vertical elevation of
the same boiler. A vertical cylindrical flue, either circular or formed
of two circular segments connected together, allows of the descent of
the current of heated gases. The outlet of smoke and gases to the
chimney is at a, or at b. In cases where the interior and exterior casing
of the vertical body are composed of two cylindrical segments, as

page_text: shewn in the vertical section and in the horizontal section Figures 11
and 12, those of the interior are connected together by a double vertical
partition tie-piece d, d. This double partition of the tubular body does
not extend to the top or bottom in order to afford free passage to the
heated gases. In both cases the flue may contain a series of tubes open
at both ends, as shown in the Drawings, or open at the lower end as
shown by the dotted lines c, or the flue may or may not be arranged
with horizontal or inclined cylindrical or conical boiler tubes, or tubes
known as "Field's."
Description of fifth type or class of these improved steam boilers for
locomotive and portable engines :—Figure 13 shews a vertical section
of this type or class of boiler. Figure 14 shows a horizontal section
of the same taken on the line E, F, of Figure 13. This form of boiler
has an inner fire-place with an inclined flue containing tubes having
the same inclination as the flue. The feed water is introduced close
to the flue leading to the chimney; p is the fire-place or furnace; 9,
tubes; r, flue leading to the chimney; 8, feed water pipe.
For the special application of this part of these improvements to
locomotives this type or class may be provided with a square fire-place
or furnace according to the usual method of constructing locomotive
furnaces, this method is shewn at Figure 15, which is a longitudinal
elevation, and Figure 16, an end view. An inclined flat boiler tube may
be employed in the furnace known as "Tembrinck's "system, as indicated
by the dotted line e, f, in Figure 16. The smoke and products of com-
bustion has an outlet from both sides of the body or series of tubes
at g, g, from whence they will escape into the chimney. A box. h, in
communication with the interior of the body or series of tubes serves
to collect the ashes ready to be withdrawn through a door.
In cases where the disposition of the front wheels will permit the
chimney of the box h. will start according to the lateral passages
indicated by dotted lines.
Description of sixth type or class of these improved steam boilers
for the special application of these improvements to locomotives:―The
fire-place or furnace may be separated from the body of tubes in uniting
them by one or several tubes, causing the flame and heated gases to pass
into the upper part of the body or series of tubes fixed vertically, the
tubes being open at both ends in the water of the boiler, and the current

page_text: of the heated gases passes to the chimney through the lower part of the
body or series of tubes. The fire-place or furnace may be similar to the
ordinary fire-places of locomotives, except that the tubular plate is
dispensed with and replaced by a casing having only a few openings.
The body or series of tubes may be cylindrical or composed of two
or several cylindrical chambers connected together, of which the inner
parts will be bent for the interior casing by a vertical boiler tube leaving
openings for the passage of gases by the upper and lower tubular plates;
for the exterior casing by ties traversing this boiler tube, or fixed above
the tubular vessel or chamber. Figure 17 shews a horizontal section of
this arrangement. The crossed partitions i and j are equivalent to the
partition d of Figures 11 and 12. These partitions may be arranged in
succession, so as to cause the gases to pass alternately up and down
through the body or series of tubes, partitions being fixed between the
cylindrical casings, so as to cause the water forced into the boiler close
to the chimney to pass through the tubes or between the cylindrical
casing in opposite directions to the current of gases.
In some cases the cylindrical bodies or series of tubes are united by a
connection surrounded with water, which will allow a free passage i for
the smoke and gases.
Figure 18 shews a horizontal sections of this
arrangement. The smoke and gases coming from the fire-place or
furnace by the passage k descends into the body or series of tubes m,
from thence passing by the lower end into the body or series of tubes n,
and after ascending then passes through the passage o at the upper part
of the body or series of tubes p, then descending to the basement of the
chimney q. The feed water is introduced close to the chimney, the
heating is methodical or uniform. All the upper parts of the several
bodies or series of tubes are put in communication for the steam by
similar tubes to the tuber of Figure 19.
A rectangular form may be given to the body or series of tubes, as a
shown by Figures 19 and 20, which show a vertical and part horizontal
section of a steam boiler arranged according to this part of these
improvements. In this arrangement the lateral casings of the body
or series of tubes are tie-pieced one to the other, as is usual in the con-
struction of locomotive fire-places or furnaces, as previously described in 3
reference to the partition d of Figures 11 and 12. The flue or chimney
is connected to the front at the base of the body or series of tubes, as
shewn. The steam chambers are connected by the tube r.

page_text: For the square fire-place or furnace generally used in locomotives,
according to these improvements a cylindrical fire-place is substituted,
surrounded with water, as shewn by the longitudinal and end views,
Figures 21 and 22. a shows the fire-place or furnace; b, grate bars; c,
bridge constructed of.fire-brick. The flame passes through the communi-
cation d surrounded with water into the series of tubes e, from whence it
passes into the successive series of tubes f and g, and thence into the
chimney, the feed water is introduced at the lower end of the third
series of tubes near the chimney h. The three principles or conditions
combined on which this system of generating steam is based is fully
shewn and illustrated by this type of boiler. The dotted lines show the
interior form of the boiler.
The construction of a cylindrical fire-place dispenses with the use of
the tie-pieces used in ordinary fire-places of locomotives. The upper
part or end of each of the series of vertical tubes serves as a steam
chamber, all of them being arranged in communication with each other
by means of a tube or pipe K. The steam dome i is placed above the
fire-place, and the steam passes by a vertical pipe into the cylinders 7,
which are placed at the back of two pairs of coupled driving wheels in
front of the fire-place. All the parts of this form of boiler, except the
tubular plates are of cylindrical form. The fire-place or furnace is
supported by a pair of wheels m, or if desired it may have part of
its weight supported by the fore wheels of the tender carriage n, in
which case the bearing wheels o would be brought forward. The
wheels n and o may also form a back train linked to the frame or
carriage of the locomotive in order to facilitate its passage over curves.
For locomotives with coupled wheels and slow speed another arrange-
ment is employed, differing slightly from that previously described,
except in exterior form or construction. The arrangement is shewn by
the longitudinal and end view at Figures 23 and 24. In this arrange-
ment the exterior cylindrical casing of the fire-place or furnace is
brought forward beyond the last series of tubes in order to procure the
advantage of a great surface of water. The firc-place A is of cylindrical
form, and is traversed by the first series of tubes, as shewn at B and C.
The smoke passes from the first series of tubes into the second by means
of a communication D surrounded with or without water, and passing
through the two other series of tubes E and F, ascends to the chimney G.
The exterior ends or bottoms of the series of tubes are removeable. The

page_text: end H supports the dome and safety valves, and the end I may be
arranged with a large man-hole of ordinary construction, as shown.
The feed water is introduced at L. j is a partition lower than the water
level, and K another above it, thus forcing the circulation of the water
to take place in a reverse direction to the hot gases. When the com-
munication D is not surrounded with water a tube M placed or fixed
sideways maintains the same method of circulation. The fire-place or
furnace A being of cylindrical form all the parts of the said steam
generator except the tubular plates are of cylindrical form.
Figures 23 and 24 show that this type of boiler is particularly suitable
for large locomotives having several axletrees coupled together, and as
the communication D is only a channel for the outlet of smoke it may
be made of any form in order to allow of the passage of the axletrces at
the same time maintaining the appearance of the said section.
Description of the 7th type or class of boilers arranged and constructed
according to these improvements for special application to large marine
boilers. This type or class of steam boiler is shown by the vertical
section at Figure 25. The fire-place or furnace is fixed at the upper
part, from thence the flame and products of combustion pass through
the passages to and through the inclined body of tubes t, descending so
as to escape through the lateral chimney u. In this arrangement v
represents a chamber or receptacle to collect the ashes carried out by
the draught. When the space in which the boiler is placed will permit,
the smoke and gases may be conducted to the uptake or chimney by
a passage represented by the dotted lines v. The feed water may be
introduced at the lower part of the boiler close to the escape flue.
In cases where it is difficult to obtain sufficient draught owing to the
locality of the boiler, the following arrangements are adapted:―The
principle of downward draught being dispensed with, the perfect mixture
of gases which results from their circulation through the series of tubes
obviates the inconvenience of dispensing with the downward draught
arrangement.
Description of 8th type or class of steam boilers arranged and con-
structed according to these improvements.-Figure 26 shews a vertical
section, and Figure 27 a vertical elevation of a boiler arranged with a
vertical tubular chamber and horizontal fire-place or furnace, which is
situated at the lower end of the series of tubes, the chimney is fixed
1

page_text: above at w. The feed water is introduced close to the chimney and
the improved method of heating the water remains the same.
Description of 9th type or class of these improved steam boilers.-
Figure 28 shews a vertical section of a marine boiler, the construction
of which differs slightly from those at present in use, with the exception
that the water is in the tubes instead of being surrounded thereby. The
draught having its outlet from the furnace ascends into the series of
tubes X surrounding the tubes and escaping through the chimney y
situated at the upper end. The chimney may be fixed in a lateral
position, as indicated by dotted lines Z, in order to obtain a greater heat
when the locality of the boiler will permit of such an arrangement.
The tubes are sufficiently inclined as to produce a rapid circulation of
the water.
With regard to the two types or classes of boilers represented by
Figures 25 and 28, they may be fixed side by side in the same boiler
with two or several fire-places or furnaces and series of tubes, such as
are shewn in the Drawings.
In marine boilers according to these improvements the casing may
be of cubical form (as shown at Figures 25 and 28) enclosing the fire-
place or furnace and the tubular evaporating apparatus or series of
tubes, and consisting of three cylinders, one surrounding the fire-placo
or furnace, the other the series of tubes, and the third forming a steam
chamber. These Figures show two different arrangements or types
of steam boilers.
The first type shewn by Figure 29 is a longitudinal section taken on
the line I, J, of Figure 30, which is an end view thereof. This type of.
boiler in which these three principles or conditions are represented is
shown with a steam chamber p in common use, the fire-places, furnaces,
and series of tubes being of ordinary construction. q is the chimney
common to the series. The feed water for each separate boiler is
introduced at r. The chimney may also be fixed above the series.
of tubes at 8, as shown by the dotted lines. Each fire-place or furnace
and series of tubes may have a separate steam chamber, as shown at
Figures 31 and 32.
The second type is represented or shown at Figure 31, which is an
end view, and Figure 32 a longitudinal view taken on the line K, L, of
Figure 31. This type or arrangement of steam boiler is shewn with a
steam chamber
for each boiler. This steam chamber is fixed to the

page_text: series of tubes by two communications.
The chimney is arranged either
above the steam chambers, as shewn at v, or under the series of tubes,
as shewn at y by dotted lines. Or a steam chamber may be arranged
in common with several boilers, as shown in the former type. The feed
water is introduced at x in order to maintain methodical and uniform
heating. This type or arrangement is employed in cases where the
draught would be insufficient for the former type.
In all these types or classes of boilers constructed according to this
Invention, the tubes may be dispensed with, and be replaced either by
transverse, cylindrical, conical, inclined, or horizontal boiler tubes. For
these various types or classes of boilers arranged with tubes open at both
ends," Field's" tubes may be substituted open only at the upper end, in
which case the construction of the boilers will be slightly modified by
dispensing with the lower ends as being useless.
In all the steam boilers previously described having a downward:
draught, the series of tubes may be fixed or arranged as shewn at
Figure 33 of the Drawings by bringing them above the level of the
water. The upper part will in such cases be formed either by a pro-
longation of the tube itself or by a smaller tube, which being forced into
the interior will serve as a ring for the combination either by a larger
tube which will form a ring outside of the principal tube. These three
methods of construction are shewn at Figure 33.
In steam boilers constructed according to this Invention, the ends of
the extremities of the series of tubes are shown as a fastening of the end
edges on angle iron rivetted on the outside to the extremities of the
bodies or casings; but this arrangement and construction may be varied
as indicated at Figure 34 of the Drawings by a mode of fastening the
ends on angle iron rivetted at the inner part of the cylindrical body.
Having thus fully described the nature of this Invention and the
manner of performing or carrying the same into practice, that which is a
hereby claimed under the above in part recited Letters Patent is,-
First. The various types or arrangements of steam boilers herein-
before described and shewn in the Drawings hereunto annexed com-
bining the three following conditions:-1st, having a downward draught;
2nd, methodical or uniform heating; 3rd, rapid circulation.
Secondly. The several types or arrangements of steam boilers herein-
before described in the accompanying Drawings combining the two

page_text: conditions of methodical or uniform heating and rapid circulation caused
by the perfect mixture resulting from the circulation of the gases
through the series of tubes.
Thirdly. The right of replacing or substituting in these types or
arrangements of steam boilers, tubes open at both ends, and binding
or connecting the two ends of the interior flue by transverse cylindrical
or conical dipping or horizontal boiler tubes, or by "Field's" tubes,
having only an opening in the upper end of the flue, the form of
boilers in the latter case being modified as herein-before described.
The right is also reserved of applying lengthened tubes, as described and
shewn in reference to Figure 33 of the Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Garrett Tongue, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Thirtieth day of January, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-two.
JOHN GARRETT TONGUE. (L.S.)