IMPROVEMENTS ADDITCADED MINERY FAR WARDEN
Year: 1858

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Peter Joel Livsey, Engineer, of the City of Man-
chester, and Frederick Luke Stott, of Rochdale, Machine Maker, both
in the County of Lancaster, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS
ADDITCADED MINERY FAR WARDEN Viwan
Sealed the 21st December 1858, and dated the 23rd June 18
1858.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Peter Joel Livsey and
Frederick Luke Stott at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 23rd June 1858:
::
We, PETER JOEL LIVSEY, Engineer, of the City of Manchester, and
FREDERICK LUKE STOTT, of Rochdale, Machine Maker, both in the County of
Lancaster, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE
MENTS APPLICABLE TO MACHINERY FOR WARPING YARNS OR THREADS," to be as
follows:-
Our Invention has for its object the stopping of warping machinery or
giving notice by self-acting means when a thread breaks or is absent, which
is accomplished by arrangements in. connection with. that mechanism for
dividing the threads or forming the lease in warping machinery known, as
the "heck." Our Invention consists in arrangements by which the "heck"
is modified in such manner that it performis.its common office, and also, acts to
detect the absence of a thread or threads from it,.aud in mechanism which is

page_text: brought into operation to give notice or stop the machinery when the absence
of one or more threads is detected. This is accomplished by making the
eyes "of the "heck" moveable vertically within a given range, so that each
eye" is supported at its highest position by its thread when present, but
when the thread breaks or is absent, the eye by its own gravity will fall to its
lowest position, in which position it comes in contact with and obstructs the
motion of mechanism, which is free while the threads are all present. This
obstruction diverts the motion due to the obstructed mechanism, and causes it
to act on the apparatus, which gives an alarm or disconnects the driving
apparatus that stops the machine. By the arrangements referred to, the
object of the Invention is accomplished without additional labour or attention
on the part of the workman.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Peter Joel Livsey and Frederick Luke Stott in the Great
Seal Patent Office on the 22nd December 1858.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, PETER
JOEL LIVSEY, Engineer, of the City of Manchester, and FREDERICK LUKE
STorr, of Rochdale, Machine Maker, both in the County of Lancaster, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-third day of June, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-eight, in the twenty-second year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto us, the
said Peter Joel Livsey and Frederick Luke Stott, Her special license that
we, the said Peter Joel Livsey and Frederick Luke Stott, our executors,
administrators, and assigns, or such others as we, the said Peter Joel Livsey
and Frederick Luke Stott, our executors, administrators, and assigns, should
at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times
thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "Ix-
PROVEMENTS APPLICABLE TO MACHINERY FOR WARPING YARNS OR THREADS," upon
the condition (amongst others) that we, the said Peter Joel Livsey and
Frederick Luke Stott, or one of us, by an instrument in writing under our
hands and seals, or under the hand and seal of one of us, should particularly
describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner

page_text: the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great
Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the
date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said Peter Joel Livsey and Frederick
Luke Stott, do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement and accompanying Drawings,
that is to say:-
Our Invention has for its object the stopping of warping machinery or the
giving of notice by self-acting means when a warp thread breaks or is absent
from its proper place, which is accomplished by arrangements in connection
with that mechanism for dividing the threads or forming the "lease" in
warping machinery known as the "heck." Our Invention consists in arrange-
ments combined with the ordinary "heck," by which it is modified in such
manner that it performs its common office, and also acts to detect the absence
of a thread or threads from it, and in mechanism which is brought into
operation to give notice or stop, the machinery when the absence of one or
more threads is detected.
We shall first describe the "detecting" mechanism and arrangements
which its action is improved, and then the arrangements by which the
detecting mechanism operates to give warning of the absence of the thread
or threads, and stops the machine.
Upon the first principle of action the eyes of the "heck" are arranged to
have a vertical movement to a limited extent, each thread when present
supporting its "eye" at its highest limit, but when the thread is absent the
eye falls by its own gravity to its lowest limit, where it comes in contact with
a toothed rack, and obstructs the reciprocating movement which is imparted
to it.
Upon the second principle of action the eyes of the "heck" are arranged
in the ordinary manner, and a small lever is added for each eye. One end of
this lever overbalances the other, so that the heavy end has always a tendency
to fall, causing. the lever to come in contact and obstruct a moving toothed
rack, but the thread when present acts upon the light end of the lever, and
prevents the heavy end from acting.
Upon the third principle of action the eyes of the heck are arranged so as
to turn on an horizontal axis, the eyes being balanced so as to move when
unimpeded to a position in which they will obstruct the movements of a toothed
rack, the eyes being arranged so that the friction principally of the thread
passing through each eye will keep it from obstructing the moving rack.

page_text: Upon a fourth principle of action a lever is added for each eye in an
ordinary heck, which is arranged and acted upon by the thread in a manner
similar to the balanced lever employed in the third principle of action.
Fig. 1, 2, and 3 represent an "heck" and detecting mechanism upon the
first principle of action herein-before referred to; Fig. 1 is a cross sectional
elevation, Fig. 2 a front elevation, and Fig. 3 a plan view of the heck,
showing it attached to the "jack box." Only a few eyes are shown either in
The eyes (a)
these Figures or in those which will be herein-after referred to.
in this "heck" are formed in the same manner as those used in the ordinary
heck, except that they are made as light as possible consistent with the
requisite strength, and that they are bent at the ends, as shewn; 6 is the base
part of the heck; c, upright guides and supports placed at a suitable distance
apart, the number depending upon the number of eyes or length of the
"heck."
These uprights (c) are secured to the base part (6); they have slots
formed in them to guide and support two ratchet-toothed racks (d), and serve
to support at their upper ends a bar (e), forming the guide for the upper end
of the eyes (d), and two rods (f and f) passing from end to end of the heck,
and over which the threads pass. These uprights (c) also form guides to the
vertical movement of the two parts (g), each formed by two slotted plates of
metal (g) secured at the upper edge to a bar (g), upon the upper side
of which a tooth plate (') is fastened, these slotted plates (9) being secured to
guides (c), which can slide freely upon the uprights (c). Each eye (a) passes
through a hole in the guide bar (e), and one in a tooth in one of the plates (h),
and its bent end passes through the slots formed in the plates g', as shewn.
The upper bar (e) is the same as that in the ordinary heck, and the toothed
plates (h) correspond to the toothed bars into which the ends of the eyes are
screwed on the ordinary heck, and same as in the ordinary beck; one half of
the eyes (every other eye) belong to one plate (h), and the other half of the
eyes to the other plate (h). Each eye (a) is free to move vertically to the
extent of the length of the slots in the plates (¹); a few of the eyes are shewn
in the position in which they are held by the threads when passing through,
and two are shewn in the position in which they fall when the threads are
absent. It will be seen that in the former case the bent ends of the eyes (a)
are clear from the toothed racks (d), but that in the latter case they will enter
and obstruct its motion. The pitch of the teeth of the racks (d) is equal to
distance between the slots in the plates (g), which are of course double the
distance from one eye to another. The toothed racks (d) are connected
together at the end of the heck by a bracket (d), which is connected with the
mechanism for giving movement to the racks (d), the back movement of the

page_text: rack or racks (d,) as shewn in Figs. 1, 2, and 3, being produced by two elastic
india-rubber or other springs (d) connected to the bracket d' at one end, and
to the studs d³ in the base part (6) of the heck at the other end. The extent
of reciprocation given to the racks & need not exceed the space between two
or three teeth; two stems (i) are secured to the parts (91) for lifting them to
take the "lease," and are acted upon by the lifting mechanism shewn, which
is the same as that commonly employed in the ordinary heck.
Figs. 4, 5, and 6 shew an heck operating in the same manner as that
shewn by Figs. 1, 2, and 3, but differently constructed, and shewing methods
of meeting difficulties for which the heck shewn by Figs. 1, 2, and 3 is not
adapted. Provision is made in the heck shewn by Figs. 4, 5, and 6, for the
objection arising from a great length of heck where the direction of the
threads at the ends of the heck, after passing through it, become very oblique
to the thread between the creel and the heck, and for obtaining a greater
range of vertical play in the eyes than is shewn in Figs. 1, 2, and 3, which in
some cases is required owing to irregular drawing off of the thread from the
bobbins, and a method is shewn as well, by which the length of the eyes may
be reduced (and consequently their weight), at the same time securing a long
range of vertical play, and also a method of meeting the difficulty of an heavy
eye. Fig. 4 is a cross sectional elevation; Fig. 5, a front elevation; and
Fig. 6, a plan section of part of the heck below the guide bar (e), supporting
the upper ends of the eyes (a); b is the base part of the heck; c, the upright
guides answering the purpose of those shewn in Figs. 1, 2, and 3; f and f¹
are the rods over which the threads pass. The difficulty arising from the
oblique direction of the threads at the ends of a long heck after passing
through it, are overcome by the use of a reed or comb (j) of the same guage or
pitch as the eyes in the heck, the spaces in which reed or comb are arranged
to come opposite the eyes of the heck. The dents forming this reed or comb
() are secured to that bar (f¹) which supports the threads after passing
through the eyes. The lower ends of the eyes (a) in this heck are screwed
into feet representing the bent end of the eyes shewn in Figs. 1, 2, and 3; this
admits of the upper guide (e), for the eyes being made solid and not in two
halves, as in the ordinary heck, and in that represented by Figs. 1, 2, and 3.
The slotted plates (91) in this modification are secured to bars (92), both at the
upper and lower edge, and the toothed racks (d) are free between the plates, and
would be carried with the plates if lifted, as they may be in the same manner
as in Figs. 1, 2, and 3. In the heck shewn by Figs. 4 and 5, a long vertical
range in the eyes (a) is made compatible with a comparatively short length of
eye by making the upper guide bar (e) to slide vertically up and down, and by

page_text: causing the toothed rack bars (d) to be lifted to the upper part of the space
formed between the slotted plates (91). The upper guide bar (e) is itself
guided between the uprights (c), and is kept from moving endway by guides
(c) which embrace the sides of the uprights (c), and it is supported to prevent
descent below the position in which it is shewn in Figs. 4 and 5, and actuated
or brought down after ascending above that position by the upright rods e¹.
The lift of each division of the heck to form the "lease" is obtained by racks
and toothed wheels, the upper ends of the racks sliding freely through a space
formed in the lower bar (9), to which the lower edges of the slotted plates (g')
are secured, so as to come against the racks (d) between each set of slotted
plates (g), which being free is lifted to the upper part of the space between
the slotted plates, carrying along with it all the ends of the eyes (a) till they
come to the upper ends of the slots, when by the further ascent of the lifting
racks (i), the slotted plates (91), rack (d), and eyes (a), are forced up the
required height to take the lease, the upper part of the slotted plates (91)
forcing up and carrying with them the upper guide bar (e), the projections
(99) shewn in Fig. 4 secured on each set of slotted plates (91) coming in
contact with the under side of the guide bar (e) to keep it at the required
distance from the slotted plates (9'); when the lifting racks are allowed to
descend, the parts e, g', and d, take the position in which they are shewn
by their own gravity, but as the guide bar e may stick by friction, it is pulled
down by two cams on the axis of the wheels (k) actuating the lifting racks
i, which act on projecting pins fixed in or formed on the ends of the lower
ends of the rods e¹; as the guide bar (e) must lift or be out of the way of each
division, it requires the peculiar arrangements in the lifting mechanism to
bring it down with certainty, shewn in Fig. 4 and 5. This heck, as well as
that shewn by Figs. 1, 2, and 3, as will be seen, has a double lift, that is,
lifted at two points; and as the mechanism for one lift is a duplicate of that
for the other, it is only necessary to describe one of them. The lift is formed
by a bracket (¹) secured to the under side of the base (b) of the heck; it carries
a shaft (2), upon which are placed three toothed wheels and ³, and two
cams. The bracket (¹) also forms a guide for the lifting racks (i), which
each gear with one of the outside toothed wheels that are free to rotate on
the shaft (2), the middle toothed wheel (3) being fast on the shaft (k²), as
well as the two cams (¹) on the outside ends of the shaft; a sliding tooth
rack receiving movement from the warper geers with the middle toothed
wheel k³. When the warper slides the toothed rack (*) one way till the
catch () (on a fulcrum () in the base (b) of the heck) enters a notch
formed on the top of the rack (), the shaft will have made half a

page_text: A
rotation nearly, and when the catch () is lifted, the descent of the lifting
rack (i) will rotate the wheel in geer with it back to its first position, then if
the warper pulls the sliding toothed rack (k) in the opposite direction till the
catch enters another notch, the shaft (k) will have made another half rotation,
but in the opposite direction; it has been stated that the outside toothed
wheels (k) are loose on the shaft, and therefore they receive no motion
from it, but from a pin (k) placed in the middle wheel (3), which comes.
against a projection on each wheel (k), that is, it comes against and carries
with it one wheel in the one half revolution in one direction, and with the
other wheel on the other half revolution in the opposite direction, and thus
can each division of the heck be actuated by sliding the toothed rack one way
or the other, and the cams (i) will bring down the guide bar (e) after the
descent of either division of the heck. It has been explained that the toothed
racks (d) are carried with the slotted plates (9') in their ascent, and descend
when taking the "lease" instead of remaining stationary as represented in the
modification shewn by Figs. 1, 2, and 3; therefore a different arrangement is
required for imparting to them the requisite end reciprocating movement.
bar d' is made to slide on bearings formed in the base (b) of the heck, as
shown, and to this bar (d) the reciprocating movement is given, the back move-
ment being produced by india-rubber or other springs d³, arranged as shown.
This slide bar (d') has a vertical arm reaching up as high as the toothed
racks d ascend, when the "lease" is taken. Two studs (*) are placed in the
end of each rack (d), the upright arm from (d) passing between them. This
arrangement admits of the vertical movement in the toothed racks (d), but
retains at all times their communication with the mechanism producing the
reciprocating motion. The method of supporting a part of the weight of each
eye (a) is explained by Figs. 4, 5, and 6; it is accomplished by a lever (one
for each eye) which has a sufficient weight at one end, the other end of the
lever being bent to catch under the foot or bent end of the eye projecting
through the slotted plates. The levers 7 may be made of wire "curled
" to
form a hole for a wire to pass through, acting as the fulcrum and support of
the levers (7), the weight being formed by a little lead casts on one end of
each lever, the other end being bent, as shown best in Fig. 6. The fulcrums
of all the levers for each division of the heck may be supported on one wire
(), which may be carried at suitable intervals by brackets (1) attached to the
base part of the heck, which brackets (1) also carry a comb bar 1³ for
keeping the levers in their places, and upon which the weighted end of each
lever (2) rest when the heck is used to take the lease. Of course the levers
() only support a portion of the weight of the eye (a), the remainder being

page_text: sustained by the thread when passing through the eye; the levers / are shewn
in full line in Fig. 4, in the position which they assume when the eyes (a) are
properly supported by the threads, and in dotted line when the threads are
absent.
Figs. 7 and 8 illustrate detecting mechanism according to our Invention,
upon the second principle of action herein-before referred to, combined with the
ordinary heck; Fig. 7 is a cross sectional elevation; and Fig. 8 a plan view
with the top bar of the comb or reed (f removed. The base part of the heck
is marked b, and h are the two toothed racks into which the ends of the
eyes (a) are screwed; e is the top guide [bar; ¹ is another bar formed on or
secured to that last named, which forms the lower side of a comb or reed, the
dents of which are of the same pitch as the eyes of the heck, the spaces in the
reed or comb (j) coming exactly opposite the holes forming the heck "eyes"
(a). A lever (m) is applied for each eye (a), which may be made of wire, as
shewn; the fulcrums of the levers (m) are carried by a wire (m³) supported at
suitable intervals by brackets m² attached to the bar (j'); one end of each
lever (m) passes through two slotted plates (¹), as shewn, carried by a bracket
m³, from the heck base (6), and between these slotted plates (9¹) a toothed rack
d passes, to which reciprocations are imparted, as before described. That end
of each lever (m) passing through the slotted plates (9¹) preponderates over its
opposite end, which passes through the space between the dents in the reed (j,)
and the levers (m) constantly tend to enter and obstruct the movement of the
toothed rack d. The threads after passing through the eyes (a) pass under a
rod (n,) and when they are present keep down the bent ends of the levers m,
which come under the threads; the position of the levers when the threads are
present is shown in full line in Fig. 7, and when absent in dotted line. The
object of the reed (7) is to prevent the threads from getting out of their places
and from getting between the bent ends of the levers m; but both these
objects may be accomplished by making the end of each lever with a long
slotted eye, equal in length to the "lift," given to the threads the heck
when taking the lease. If the bar n, for keeping the threads down, after
passing through the eyes of the heck were a fixture, the lease could not be
taken; therefore it is secured at each end of the heck to a rod (n), free to
slide vertically in bearings formed in the base (b) of the heck, and the part
projecting from the bar (2), and upon each rod (n²) a foot part n²) is secured,
which passes across the lifting racks (h); consequently, whichever is lifted, the
rod (n) is carried up with it. As the ends of all the detecting levers (m) come
into the same set of slotted plates (91), the spaces between the slots are equal
to the distance between the eyes (a), but the teeth of the rack d need not

page_text: be of the same pitch, which is not essential, but we prefer the pitch to be the
same when that is not too fine, otherwise we prefer double the pitch or spaces
between the eyes of the heck. The detecting levers m are placed on that side
of the heck furthest from the creel. Fig. 9 is a cross sectional clevation,
illustrating our Invention of an heck combining detecting arrangements
according to the third principle of action herein-before referred unto.
The base part (6) of the heck in this case may be formed of metal of a
section represented in the illustration, the sides being connected at the ends to
give sufficient strength. To this base part (b) the upright guides c are
secured; in this example the guides (c) for each division of the heck are
separate and screwed to the sides of the base part (6), the upper ends of the
uprights c carry a pair of connected slotted plates (91), similar to those herein-
before described, which plates are provided with a toothed rack (d); the outside'
upright c also carries a cross bar f extending the length of the heck, over
which the threads pass from the creel before going through the eyes. The
uprights c also form guides for bars (92) carrying each division of the eyes (a)
of the heck, which bars (92) are connected with pieces embracing the uprights
(c), as shewn. The bottom side of the bars (92) have plates h secured to
them, having spaces left in their edges like a comb, one for each eye, to pass
through, each space corresponding to the position of the tooth in the ordinary
heck bars. The top of the base part (6) of the heck has also holes directly
under the spaces left in the comb plates (h) for the eyes. The eyes (a) are
formed as shown, having a hole about midway of their length for a fulcrum
on which they can oscillate freely. The eyes are not arranged in the same
line, but each division is so far apart from the other as to give room for the
wire (a), which passes from end to end of each division of the heck, forming
the centre or fulcrum of all the eyes in each division. These fulcrum wires
(a) rest upon the comb plates (h) fixed to the bars (92), and are kept in their
places by small brackets (a³) rivetted or otherwise secured to the bars (9²).
These brackets (a²) being placed at suitable intervals all along the comb plates
(h) to keep the eye (a) in their correct positions, those brackets (a²) on one
division being placed to pass clear of the other division. Eyes arranged as
described may be weighted so as to turn, when free, from a vertical position
on which they are shewn in full line, to one in which they are represented in
dotted line (see Fig. 9), in which position they will come in contact with and
interrupt the reciprocating movements of the toothed rack (d). In the arrange-
ment shewn, the slotted pair of plates g¹ form the upper guide for the upper
ends of the eyes (a). The tendency of the eyes (a) to turn towards the toothed
rack (d) is given by bending them, as shewn; more or less force may be ob-

page_text: tained towards keeping the upper part of the eyes in the vertical position by
raising or lowering the bar f, over which the threads pass. Each division is
lifted by the following means:-An upright (c) is placed at the points of lifting,
and upon the guides (c'), to which the bars (92) are attached, a centre is made
forming a joint for a connecting rod (i); the lower end of this rod is jointed to
one arm of a bell crank formed lever (k) centred on a stud (2) fixed to the
base of the heck; the other arm of the lever is connected to the rod or rods, by
which the levers are actuated to lift each division. This arrangement of lifting
mechanism is very similar to that commonly used, except that the levers k² are
joined to connecting rods, instead of acting on the ends of stems (i), as shewn
on Fig. 1, 2, and 3. When a division is lifted, the holes in the base part of
the heck through which the tail ends of the eyes pass, answer as a guide, and
prevent the eyes from departing too much from the vertical position; they do
become inclined as they are lifted, but not to any material extent, and this
inclination may, in a great measure, be obviated by making the eyes perfectly
straight, giving the required tendency to turn by an abrupt bend at the lowest
extremity. In this modification the heck is placed so that the bar f is on the
creel side. Detecting mechanism, according to our Invention upon the fourth
principle of action herein-before mentioned, differs from that last described to
the same extent as the second principle of action differs from the first, which
has been illustrated by Figs. 7 and 8 of the accompanying Drawings, and
which Figures will enable us to describe the fourth principle of action. Take
the detecting levers (m), shewn in Figs. 7 and 8, and change the position of
their fulcrums so as to bring them vertically under the position there ends are
shewn to occupy against the threads in those Figures; let the bent ends of the
levers (m) rise above the level of the eyes (a) as much as the bar (f) in Fig. 9
is above the level of the eyes of the heck; change the position of the slotted
plates (g) to suit the changed position of the levers m, and bend or weight the
levers (m) so as to give that end of the lever bearing against the thread a
tendency to turn in a direction opposite to that in which the threads pass over
them, when so arranged the mechanism will operate. But in this alteration"
the space between the eyes of the heck and the reed j must be increased to
give sufficient room, and a comb must be fixed to keep the upper ends of the
levers (m) in their correct position, as will be readily understood from what
has been herein-before explained. In hecks arranged according to the methods
shewn by the Figures 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6, the warper is enabled to pass the
threads through the eyes by lifting, as if for taking the lease, that division from
which the thread is absent; but a hook, similar to the reed hook used by
weavers, will render this unnecessary, if the slots are made so as to allow the

page_text: full hole of the eyes to come just clear of the thread supporting bars f and f',
as the hook may be used to lift the eye, and when up may be passed through
it so as to draw through the thread. The eyes (a) employed in the ordinary
heck are forged, but we find that they may be readily made of wire bent and
curled to form the eye, giving the curl about one complete turn and a half
a turn, and that they answer the purpose well.
In using the detecting mechanism herein before described, one important
point is to drive the warping machine at a speed as uniform as possible,
because, when the machine is driven by impulses, the threads have a tendency
to become slack. Care should be taken with the bobbins to prevent them as
far as possible from "over running," which, as well known, causes a slack
thread. To meet these irregularities we apply a compensating arrangement at
each bobbin, of which examples are given by Figs. 10 and 11; Fig. 10 being
a sectional end elevation, shewing two bobbins and a portion of the creel bar;
and Fig. 11, a plan view, shewing two bobbins and a section of the creel bars.
O and O, bobbin's; 0%, the pegs on which they rotate; 03, creel bars. When
the threads are all drawn from the upper sides of the bobbins, as shewn in the
bobbin O, (0 being the thread) a piece of wire P of the form and arrangement
shewn, is suspended to oscillate on staples (P¹) fixed in creel bars (0³) and will
answer the purpose, but for bobbins arranged same as O', where the threads
come, off the under side, then the fulcrum of the wires formed by staples P1,
have to be reversed in situation, and a projecting arm P* is formed from the
wire (P), carrying a weight sufficient to balance the wire, with a surplus to
give the required pressure or tension to the thread. These wires (P) have a
loop formed in them through which the thread is passed, which answers in the
place of the guide wires commonly used, that is, to prevent the thread from
getting over the end of the bobbin. The swing wire (P), as described, acts
very well alone, but better when the threads are carried over or under
(according as it comes from the top or bottom side of the bobbin) another
wire (P), carried by spikes P, driven in the creel bars 0. The action of
these swing wires P is as follows:-When there is no strain upon the threads
(0) the wires (P) will assume the position in which they are shown in Fig. 10,
but as the strain comes on they are lifted, and go towards the wires (P);
therefore it will be understood that they rise and fall accordingly as the strain
upon the threads increases or diminishes, and consequently they tend to take
up any slack thread that may be given off, and make the delivery of the thread
more uniform.
We have now to shew how the detected absence of a thread
from the heck acts to give notice to this effect or stop the machine. Fig. 3
shews the manner in which the heck exhibited by Figs. 1, 2, 8, and is applied

page_text: to the "jack box" in that machine for warping commonly known as the
warping mill. 9 shews a section of the vertical post called the jack box post,
being the jack box, which slides up and down the post q; q is an arm from
the jack box q, and by brackets q from it the heck is carried; q' is the bar
carrying the pulleys which divide the threads into beers or half beers; and q
are the patent bevelled edged plates for preventing twisted beers or half beers;
is the screw to which the rope or chain is attached to give the vertical
motion to the jack box (7) Motion is conveyed to the toothed racks (d) by
bell-crank lever 2, having its fulcrum on a stud 2, secured in an arm
attached to the jack box (1) Figs. 12 and 13 shew how the reciprocating
motion is obtained and conveyed to the lever (r), and how the obstruction of
the toothed rack or racks d, by the detecting mechanism, is made to produce a
movement which will effect the stopping of the machine, or ring a bell, or do
both these acts. Fig. 12 is a front view, and Fig. 13 a view at a right angle
to Fig. 12. q is the jack box post; q', the top frame, which holds the upper
end of the mill shaft ; a grooved pulley is secured on this shaft (1) that
gives motion to an endless band, which works upon a warf (s) on the lower
end of a short shaft (s'), carried in a bracket s secured on the top frame (27).
The upper end of the short shaft s' has a crank (3) upon it, with an adjustable
stud, upon which a grooved warf or pulley s* is placed. A pair of grooved
warfs or guide pulleys s are carried by another bracket fixed to the framing of
the mill 97, and another grooved pulley t is placed on a stud carried in the end
of one arm of a bell-crank lever t', which has its fulcrum t on a bracket t³
secured to the floor of the room. The vertical arm of this lever t¹ is made to
come against a stud t fixed in the bracket when moved in one direction, and it
is drawn against this stud by an india-rubber or other spring (5) with a force a
little more than double that required to overcome the friction of the toothed
rack (d). A cord to is attached to the arm (22) from the jack box (g'), and
passed under the grooved pulley (t) carried by the lever (¹), then is taken up
over one of the guide pulleys (s) round the pulley (s) on the crank (s³), then
back over the other guide pulley (s), and then descends, the end being secured
to the lever (r), as shewn, the lines (t) representing this cord.
It will be plain from this description that the jack box (9') will be free to
move up and down, and as the cord to will move to and fro over the several
grooved pulleys, it will also be seen that the rotation of the crank s will give s
an oscillating movement to the lever 7, and that when this oscillation is
obstructed, as it is by the detecting mechanism when a thread breaks, the
lever (¹) will be lifted, the arm against the stud (t) being withdrawn from it.
This movement of the lever t' is conveyed to the lever, releasing the stopping

page_text: handle of the machine, and will ring a bell, if required, at the same time. We
need not describe the arrangement of the stopping lever, which is well under-
stood; a wire from the arm of the lever (t¹) only needs attaching to the same
stopping lever, which is acted upon by the mechanism which stops the machine
when the jack box has arrived at its highest or lowest position, which
mechanism is well known. The bell to be rung may be arranged and the wire
for ringing attached in the same manner, as this is commonly done for house
bells. Figs. 14 and 15 shew another arrangement for giving motion to the
toothed rack or racks (d), and producing the movements for stopping the
machine when the detecting mechanism forms the obstruction which we prefer,
as putting less strain upon the detecting mechanism than that last described.
Fig. 14 is a plan view, and Fig. 15 an elevation of the mechanism producing
the movements required. represents a vertical shaft placed parallel to the
jacking post (q) in bearings, so as to be free to oscillate in the arcs shewn by
dotted line; upon this shaft (u) arms (u³) are secured, which carry a rod (u³)
that is parallel to the shaft u, and equal in length to the vertical movements of
the jack box; both the rod u² and shaft u we prefer should be tubular, so as to
be as strong and light as possible. At the upper end of the shaft u an arm u³ is
secured, to which a rod u is jointed, which connects this arm with a lever v
arranged as follows:-On a bracket f* similar to that shewn in Fig. 13, an
arm is made to branch to carry a stud v', forming the fulcrum of the lever (v)
last mentioned; the pulley (s) on the crank is removed, leaving the simple
crank pin s³, the shaft being represented by s¹. This crank pin acts against
the side of the lever v, and gives to it an oscillating movement, the movement
one way being produced by the direct action of the crank, while the return
movement is given by an india-rubber or other spring v. From this descrip-
tion it will be seen that as the rod u enters a slot in a piece attached to or
connected with the toothed rack or racks (d), motion will be given to them;
it will also be plain that if the detecting mechanism acts, the back movement
of the lever v, which is produced by the spring v, will be prevented (as
the force of the spring is only made sufficient to overcome the friction
at the required speed), and another movement under these circumstances
is produced. An arm from the lever v carries another lever w, the
fulcrum being on a stud w¹ secured in the said arm of the lever v.
5 lever v also has bearings for a grooved pulley w³, one side of which is over
the centre of the fulcrum of the lever w, which, being the neutral point, is
motionless; a cord or wire w' passes round this pulley w³, as shewn, and is
attached to the lever w, the other end of this wire being secured to the
stopping lever; the lever w is consequently (when not otherwise acted upon)
The

page_text: drawn against a stop pin w³). Now, this lever v being in the position last
described, namely, at that end of the arc of its oscillation shewn by dotted
line, and marked 1, and the crank rotating in the direction pointed by the
arrow on Fig. 14, the pin (s2) will come in contact with the lever w, and force
it to that limit of its movement shewn in dotted line, and marked 2, and con-
sequently produce the movement which stops the machine or rings the bell, or
both. There is a projection from the under side of the lever w, which comes
in a line with the under side of the lever v, but there is a gap in this projection
equal to the breadth or diameter of the crank pin s2, by which it can pass
without touching the projection; this gap is equivalent to the part of a slot
which the pin might be supposed to work in, because the lever v follows the
crank pin swben there is no obstruction, and it is only when the lever vis
held that the crank pin gets out of the gap or portion of the supposed slot,
and actuates the lever w. The number of reciprocations in a given time in
the racks & is unimportant, but more rapid they are, and sooner the stopping
mechanism is acted upon after the detecting mechanism has obstructed the
rack d, about one hundred and twenty reciprocations per minute is not
too fast.
We have illustrated our Invention principally in its application to that class
of warping machinery known as warping mills, but a mechanic will be enabled
readily to apply it to that class of warping machines known as beam warping
machines, as movements to work a crank may be taken from any convenient
quick rotating part of the machine.
Having now described our Invention, and the several modes of carrying it
into effect, we desire it to be understood that we claim as our Invention, so
long as its peculiar features are retained,-
Firstly, the system or method of combining mechanism for detecting the
absence of threads with mechanism answering the purpose of the ordinary heck
for taking the "lease," as herein before described.
Secondly, the swing wire, in combination with the detecting mechanism
referred to in our first claim, used for compensating for the irregular delivery
of the threads from the bobbins, as herein-before described, and illustrated by
Figs. 10 and 11 of the accompanying Drawings.
Thirdly, constructing heck eyes of wire, the eye being formed by a curl in
the wire, as herein-before described.
Fourthly, the combination of mechanism for actuating the toothed rack or
racks (d), and producing the movement which stops the machine, or gives
notice when the rack or racks (d) are obstructed by the detecting mechanism,
substantially as herein-before described.

page_text: Fifthly, the special combination and arrangement by which our improve-
ments are applied to machinery for warping of the class known as warping
mills.
In witness whereof, we, the said Peter Joel Livsey and Frederick Luke
Stott, have hereunto set our hands and seals, this Twenty-first day of
December, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and
fifty-eight.
PETER J. LIVSEY.
(L.S.)
FREDERICK LUKE STOTT. (L.S.)