Year: 1887

page_text: Date of Application, 25th Apr., 1887
Complete Specification Left, 25th Jan., 1888
Complete Specification Accepted, 16th Mar., 1888
1, HENRY LOUIS PHILLIPS, of 28, Brownswood Park, South Hornsey, in the County
of Middlesex, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
In the specification of my Letters Patent dated 9th April A.D. 1885, and
numbered 4420 I described a form of covering for bottles jars and other hollow vessels
in which was employed paper saturated with paraffin wax and used either alone or in
combination with cork or other soft or elastic material. My present invention relates
to a cheap excellent and novel method of covering or capsuling bottles, jars, and other
hollow vessels which covering may be used either with the flanged ring described in
my said former specification; or may be used without the said ring if the covering
be arranged and formed as herein described.
I saturate with hot melted wax, (which is preferably melted in a hot water bath)
paper of suitable substance and thickness or other suitable material and I preferably
employ for this purpose wax which liquifies at a high melting point such as
paraffin wax or bleached white beeswax. I cut or stamp out of such saturated
or waxed paper or other waxed material, discs of the required size, and I use one
or more of such discs either alone or in combination with cork or other sufficiently
soft and elastic substance, and the same may be placed or secured in the flanged ring
which is more fully described in my specification and shewn in the drawing accom-
panying the same of my Letters Patent dated the 9th of April 1885 No. 4420 already
above mentioned.

page_text: The use of cork as a soft and elastic substance to be used in combination with my
aforesaid waxed paper or other waxed material is in many cases too expensive. I
have now however discovered that the use of ordinary felted fibre as a sufficiently soft
and elastic substance to be placed at the back or over my aforesaid waxed dises is
efficient, and for this purpose I preferably employ a description of felted material or
substance known as paper felt, or cedar felt, or feltine. Sometimes I saturate either
wholly or partially one or more discs or pieces of the said felt, paper felt, cedar felt,
or feltine, with wax as above mentioned or I use the same without any wax in con-
nection with and in combination with one or more of the discs or pieces of waxed
paper or other waxed material herein described.
Sometimes I use in combination with the said waxed paper or other material, lead
or tin, or other suitable metal foil, and the same may be placed either in front of or
immediately behind the discs or pieces of waxed paper or other waxed material; or
the same may be used also in combination with the felt, or feltine, or felted substances,
already herein mentioned, in which case the metal foil is placed immediately next the
mouth of the hotile, jar, or other hollow vessel, and the waxed paper or other waxed
material immediately at the back fliereof or the waxed paper or other waxed material
may he dispensed with altogether.
The various materials and substances used may be arranged in any required order
or position and may then be stamped in one or more operations to the required shape
by means of any suitable tool or die operated by a stamping press or by any other
method.
Sometimes I form the waxed paper or other suitable waxed material or the various
materials or substances either in combination, therewith or otherwise into a cover or
capsule which I for convenience of description will call a combination" capsule.
I take cartridge or other paper or other suitable material of sufficient toughness,
texture, or substance, and of the size required and I saturate the same with hot inelted
wax as above described.
When the said waxed paper or other waxed material or substance is cold I cut or
stamp the same into the shape required, and with or without a flange formed upon the
edge, and I impress or emboss, this waxed paper or other waxed material (by means
of a suitable die operated by means of a fly or other press) with any required device,
letters, figures, or words.
Or I take paper of adequate substance and of the required size, or I take any other
suitable material and I saturate the same with hot melted wax as above described.
When the waxed paper or other waxed material is cold or nearly so I place upon it
a sheet of thin metal, or a sheet of metallic or paper foil, or glazed or other paper,
linen, varnished or oiled paper, vegetable parchment, or other material of suitable
toughness and strength, and placing the sheets, materials, or substances in the desired
position (the waxed paper or other waxed material being undermost), I cause the same
to be stamped or otherwise formed in one and the same operation into a capsule or
cover having a flange formed thereupon, which capsule or cover may be impressed by
means of a die as above described with any suitable letters, figures, words, or devices.
In some cases the flange formed on the upper cover of unwaxed material may be made
of a somewhat greater depth than the flange formed on the waxed paper or other
waxed material in order to admit of the combination capsule being more easily tied or
secured to the bottle, jar, or other vessel which it is intended to cover.
I sometimes make an efficient capsule as follows. I take a sheet or piece of the
waxed paper or other suitable waxed material and I place over the same a sheet or
piece of the substance commercially known as vegetable parchment, and at the same
operation stamp or cut out a disc of the required size and either with or without a
flange formed thereon.
I then stamp or emboss the said disc of combined materials or substances with any
letters, figures, words, or devices required, or I stamp or emboss the same by the same
operation as that in which the process of cutting out is performed.
In other cases I form to the proper size out of suitable cardboard or paper or other
suitable sufficiently absorbent substance or material, by pressing stamping or by any

page_text: other convenient method, a disc or plate with a flange formed thereon and projecting
at right angles or nearly so thereto. I saturate this flanged disc or plate with melted
wax as bereinbefore described and when cold I fit the said projecting flange tightly
into the inside of the vertical flange formed on the said metal cap or cover referred to
in my former specification No. 4420. A.D. 1885 already hereinbefore referred to or
into the inside of similarly formed caps or covers with the external portion of the said
waxed disc or plate outward which is then placed next to the opening of the bottle or
jar or other hollow vessel. The hollow space between the inside of the waxed flanged
disc and the inside of the metal cap or cover may be filled up with the felt, paper felt,
or feltine, or with any other suitable material or substance to form the soft and
sufficiently elastic packing required.
An inexpensive capsule may be also made by taking a sheet or piece of waxed paper
or other waxed material of sufficient substance and texture and, after removing the
superfluous wax or a part thereof by scraping or otherwise from one side thereof,
stamping the same into the shape and size required with a flange of sufficient depth formed
thereon as described, and also stamping the same with any letters words or devices
required. The outside of this capsule will be that side which has the smaller quantity
of wax, and when the capsule is stamped out it may be varnished with any suitable
varnish, and can be tied or secured by means of the flange.
My invention of the waxed paper or other suitable waxed materials or substances
for the purposes herein described when any of the same are used in combination with
the felt, felt-paper, feltine, or other felted substances, and also in combination with
paper, or with metallic or paper foil, or with both these substances, or in combination_
with any other suitable material or substances, will constitute or form a cheap and
effective combination capsule. The arrangement of the discs or pieces of the different
materials or substances employed may be varied if desired and i wish it to be clearly
understood that I do not limit the number of discs or pieces, of any particular material,
substance, or combination, to the number herein enumerated.
In manufacturing some description of capsules or covers I preferably form them
from brown or other coarse paper or other material saturated with melted wax as
herein described and 1 coat the same after the same shall have been stamped out into
the required shape, with pitch, tar or other suitable waterproofing material or
composition.
If preferred the flanges formed on the discs or pieces of paper or cardboard or
other materials and substances employed may be stiffened or strengthened in any
desired manner. They may be pleated, goffered, crimped, or folded, or they may
have one or more metal wires or threads placed therein, and they may have rings
of india rubber inserted therein so as to form a capsule having an elastic mouth, or
they may have strings, ribbons, or wires, inserted therein in such a manner that the
ends thereof may extend beyond the said flanges and may be used for tying or fastening
the capsules and covers to the bottles, jars, and other hollow vessels intended to be
covered or capsuled.
The aforesaid discs, plates, capsules or covers may be made of coloured papers or
other coloured absorbent materials, or substances saturated with hot melted white was
or with wax nearly free from colour and I preferably use the waxes already mentioned
for this purpose by which means I obtain an appearance of coloured enamel upon my
discs, plates, capsules, and covers, herein described without the employment of coloured
wax; but I nevertheless sometimes use coloured wax instead of white wax when the
colour employed is harmless. I also print in colours or otherwise upon paper or upon
other suitable sufficiently absorbent materials or substances suitable for capsules, covers,
or for covering material, (which paper or other materials or substances may be also
coloured or otherwise) any letters, figures, words, or devices, and I afterwards saturate
the said printed materials or substances with melted wax as herein described. Or,
sometimes print or impress either in relief, or otherwise, patterns and devices on the
paper or other absorbent material intended to be saturated with wax, and sometimes
this may be done before the material is waxed. 1 also sometimes impress one or more

page_text: discs of the felted or other material used, with patterns and devices in relief or
otherwise.
The printing on the materials used may be accomplished by any of the well known
processes including photographic and other kindred or like processes.
I also sometimes emboss or stamp or impress, by means of a suitable die (operated
by any of the well known methods,) any paper or other material or substances used
in or about the manufacture or production of covers, covering material, or capsules, with
letters, figures, words, or devices. If the materials or substances required to be so
stamped are absorbent, I sometimes cause the same to be saturated with melted wax in
the way described, either before or after being so stamped embossed or impressed.
The said devices may be in relief or otherwise, and may be produced by hand or by
suitable machinery and appliances.
Instead of the felted materials herein mentioned I sometimes use soft paper
preferably having a long fibro such as Japanese or Chinese paper as and for the
purposes described.
EDWARDS & Co.,
35, Southampton Buildings, London,
Agents for the Applicant.

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and Connected with Stoppers, Covers, Capsules,
and Covering Material for Bottles, Jars, and other Hollow
Vessels.
I, HENRY LOUIS PHILLIPS, of 28, Brownswood Park, South Hornsey, in the County
of Middlesex, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of this invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in
and by the following statement, (that is to say) :-
In the specification of my Letters Patent dated the 9th day of April A.D. 1885,
numbered 4420, I describeil a form of covering for the mouths or openings of
bottles jars and other hollow vessels in which was employed paper saturated with
paraffin wax and used either alone or in combination with cork or with other
sufficiently soft or elastic material. My present invention relates to a novel method
of covering and of capsuling the mouths or openings of bottles jars and other
"combination cover" or
hollow vessels either by means of a covering material or by a
"combination capsule" for the same, which covering material, either alone or in
combination with other materials fabrics or substances (some of which are hereinafter
described) may be used either with the flanged metal disc or retaining ring in the
manner and for the purposes described in my above mentioned specification or the
said covering material either alone or in combination as aforesaid may be used
without the said disc or ring provided the various materials or substances of which
it is intended that the said covering or capsule shall consist be arranged and
formed substantially in the manner hereinafter described.
but 1
In order to obtain a sufficiently air-tight or water-tight material or substance to
be placed over or next the mouth of the vessel intended to be covered or capsuled I coat
or cover with any suitable description of wax applied in any convenient manner,
preferably saturate with melted wax (preferably melted in a hot water bath), paper
of suitable substance and thickness, or I coat cover or saturate with wax in
like manner any other sufficiently absorbent suitable material fabric or substance
and I preferably employ a description of wax which liquifies at a comparatively
high melting point such for instance as paraffin wax or bleached beeswax. I stamp
out or cut out with suitable tools or dies operated in the usual well known manner
by means of die presses or otherwise from the aforesaid waxed paper, or from
other waxed suitable material fabric or substance discs rings or other pieces of the
shape and size required and 1 employ either one or more of the said dises rings or
pieces of waxed paper or other waxed material fabric or substance alone or in com-
bination with one or more discs or pieces of cork of the required thickness and size
for the purposes herein describe or the said dises or pieces of waxed paper or of
other waxed material or substance may be used with other sufficiently soft or
sufficiently elastic materials or substances instead of cork and the waxed and non-
waxed materials and substances in combination with each other may be arranged in

page_text: any desired order or position and some of them may be used either without the said
flanged metal disc or ring, or they may be placed or secured in the said flanged
metal disc or ring which is more fully set forth in the Specification of my Letters
Patent hereinabove mentioned when it may be required to enclose therein the novel
packing materials or substances hereinafter particularly described.
The employment of cork in the manner and for the purposes set forth for use in
combination with waxed paper or in combination with other waxed suitable material
fabric or substance is in many cases found to be too expensive for general adoption.
I have however discovered that instead of cork, amongst other things the use of
ordinary felted fibre or felted stuff as a sufficiently soft and elastic material or sub-
stance to be used in combination with the aforesaid waxed paper or other waxed
suitable material fabric or substance is efficient for some of the purposes required,
and I preferably employ a description of felted fibre or felled stuff material or
substance known as "
paper pulp," "paper felt," "cedar felt," or
* feltine. I take
the same in sheets of convenient size and thickness, and I cut or stamp therefrom
discs, rings, or other pieces of the shape and size required by means of suitable cutting
or stamping tools or dies operated in the well known manner by means of a stamping
or die press or by any other convenient method and I employ the said paper pulp,
paper felt, cedar felt, or feltine, either alone, or in combination with the said waxed
paper or with other materials in the manner and for the purposes hereinafter
described.
In some cases for the purposes herein described, I either cover one or both sides of,
or I saturate with the description of wax herein mentioned or with mixtures of
suitable wax or with other suitable or similar mixture or composition, discs rings or
pieces of the size required of the hereinabove described"
"cedar felt" or "feltine;" and in other cases I use discs rings or pieces of the said
paper pulp. paper felt,"
felted material cutirely free from wax and either of the said waxed or non-waxed
materials or substances may be used in combination with one or more discs rings
or pieces of the required size of suitable paper coated or covered or saturated with,
the wax or suitable composition herein described or referred to or in combination
with one or more discs, rings or pieces of other suitable waxed material fabric or
substance. In order to improve the appearance of the disc ring or piece of waxed
paper or other waxed material or fabric used (which when placed immediately next
the felted substance above described sometimes shows the dark colour of the latter
through the said waxed material and gives to the packing a discoloured or dirty
appearance) I sometimes interpose a disc or piece of white or other suitably coloured
paper or other suitable material or fabric between the said exposed waxed paper
or other waxed material and the felted stuff or substance above described and the
said interposed paper or material may be also waxed if preferred.
Sometimes for the purposes herein described I use in combination with one or
more discs rings or pieces of the said waxed paper or with other waxed suitable material
fabric or substance one or more discs rings or pieces of sufficiently thin metallic foi!
such as lead, tin or other suitable metallic foil and the said dises rings or pieces of
thin metallic foil may either be placed below (as when covering articles free from
moisture) or be placed immediately above the said discs or otherwise shaped pieces
of waxed paper or other waxed material fabric or substance and the said metallic
foil, and waxed paper or other waxed material may be also used in combination with
the herein before described " paper pulp," "paper felt," "cedar felt," or
with other felted fibre stuff or material of suitable character.
"feltine" ог
The above mentioned different materials or substances may be arranged as required,
either to make an efficient packing or filling for flanged hollow discs caps or covers
or they can be formed into discs having flanges of any required depth formed
upon their circumferential edges in order to form capsules in the manner and for
the purposes hereinafter described.
Most of the above arrangements for the purposes described have reference more
particularly to the employment of the different materials and substances named, in
combination with the use of the flanged metal disc or ring described in my former

page_text: specification already referred to; but sometimes I form from paper of adequate
substance or from cardboard or from other sufficiently absorbent suitable material by
means of proper cutting and shaping tools or dies operated as already herein
described or otherwise discs (which may be Hanged or not) capsules or covers for
covering the mouths of bottles jars pots and other hollow vessels and I then coat or
cover the same with suitable wax in the manner already described or the paper or
other material may be waxed previously to such cutting out.
Or, I form as described preferably from previously coated covered or saturated
waxed paper or other sufficiently waxed suitable material fabric or substance in com-
bination with other plain or non-waxed materials fabrics or substances such as paper a
flanged cover or capsule for the mouths or openings of bottles jars pots and other
hollow vessels which cover or capsulo will be preferably formed by stamping out tho
two pieces of waxed and non-waxed materials by one and the same operation. Or the
waxed and non-waxed materials will be stamped out separately as discs, (with or
without flanges) and placed in position over the mouth of the bottle.
"
1 for greater convenience and accuracy of description will henceforth call this
description of cover or capsule a combination capsule" or a combination cover;
it being understood that these particular terms refer to capsules or covers formed of
two or more different materials fabrics or substances such as are described herein.
The following example is an illustration of a simple capsule constructed according
to my invention. I take a sheet or piece of sufficiently thick and hard paper or I
take any other sufficiently absorbent and suitable material or substance provided the
same be of sufficient toughness, texture or character for the purpose required, and I
coat or saturate the same with melted wax of the kind hereinabove mentioned in the
manner already herein described. I then cut or stamp out from the same, discs or
pieces of the required size and with flanges of the required depth formed upon the
circumferential edges thereof and if desired I impress or emboss the said waxed paper
or other waxed material or substance with any required letters figures words patterns
or devices by means of any suitable dies operated in the usual manner. If preferred
these capsules may be waxed after being cut out or formed. Or, 1 sometimes use
more than one piece of waxed paper or other waxed suitable material or substance for
the purposes required, in which case the several pieces are placed over each other in
order that they may be cut out, stamped or formed (and embossed if necessary) in
one operation by the means above described, and if a stouter capsule or cover be desired,
paper, cardboard, paper felt or feltine, linen or other suitable material fabric or sub-
stance or some of them (preferably free from wax) may be also used and placed over
the said waxed paper or other waxed suitable material or substance and the same will
be cut out and formed with a suitable circumferential flange as described, and in this
latter case a "combination capsulo" for the purposes herein described will be
produced.
27
"combination cover is as
Another description of "combination capsule * or
follows-I take paper of suitable texture or toughness or I take any other sufficiently
absorbent and suitable material fabric or substance and I sufficiently coat the same
with wax or saturate it with melted wax of the character or quality already above
mentioned and in the manner hereinbefore described. I then place upon the said
waxed paper or other waxed suitable material fabric or substance a sheet or piece of
sufficiently thin sheet metal or one or more sheets or pieces of metallic foil or of
paper foil or of glazed, gilt, silvered, metallized, marbled or otherwise decorated
paper or of plain paper or of linen, or of cloth, or of varnished or oiled paper or of
the substance well known as vegetable parchment, or of any other suitable material
fabric or substance of suitable toughness texture or strength and after arranging
such one or more of the said sheets or pieces of material fabric or substance as may
be selected for the purpose in any desired order or sequence (the waxed paper or
other waxed material waxed fabric or waxed substance being preferably under-
most) 1 form from the said waxed and non waxed materials a combination
capsule or combination cover by stamping shaping or cutting all the said
selected different sheets or pieces (by one and the same operation) into the circular or
::

page_text: other shape desired by means of suitable cutting shaping or stamping tools or dies
operated as aforesaid.
The said "Combination- capsule" or "combination cover should have a vertical
Aange of any required depth formed upon the circumferential edge thereof, and the
said capsule or cover may be impressed or embossed (by means of suitable dies
operated in the usual way) with any appropriate letters, figures, words, patterns or
devices. If preferred the outer disc or piece which forms part of the said " coul-
bination capsule may have a deeper flange formed upon it than the other disc or discs
forming the inner portion of the said capsule in which case the flange on the said
outer disc will be separately formed.
14
"
23
An efficient t: Combination capsule" or combination cover for the purposes
herein set forth may also be simply made as follows:- take a sheet or piece of
suitable paper or other suitable material fabric or substance which has been previously
sufficiently covered or saturated with wax (preferably paraffin wax) in the manner
already herein described and 1 place over ile same a sheet or piece of the material,
commonly used alone as a cover for pots and other vessels, commercially known as
vegetable parchment," or parchment paper, and then by means of suitable stamping
shaping and cutting tools or dies operated by means of die presses in the well known
manner cut or form the said two materials into circular shaped pieces or discs of any
required diameter and preferably with vertical flanges of any required depth formed
upon the edges thereof. If required I sometimes stamp impress or emboss the said
dises with any letters figures words patterns or devices desired. In this form of cover
or capsule the portion or piece which is waxed will be placed next to and over the
opening or mouth of the jar, pot, or other hollow vessel it is intended to cover and the
flange formed thereon may be used for the purpose of securing the same to the vessel
in the usual manner.
This description of combination capsule or cover in which the combined materials
are cut out together at one and the same operation may be dipped into or otherwise
sufficiently moistened with water before being placed in position over the mouth of
the jar pot or other vessel in order that the upper piece of vegetable parchment, may
shrink or tighten upon the vessel in drying in the manner usually practised when
vegetable parchment, bladder, and like substances are used as covers for pots jars and
other hollow vessels. If the water into which the said "combination"
cover, or
capsule he dipped, he sufficiently hot the wax on the surface of the bottom disc or
piece thereof will become somewhat soft or plastic, and will therefore better adapt
itself to the shape of the mouth of the vessel and thus assist in making a tight joint.
Sufficiently thick or strong paper, bladder, gut, kid or other skin, instead of the
aforesaid vegetable parchment in combination with the aforesaid waxed dise may also
be similarly made into a capsule or cover by cutting out the combined materials at one
and the same operation and be wetted and tied down over the mouth or opening of the
pot jar or other vessel.
In other cases I take stiff paper such as cardboard or other similar or suitable
sufficiently absorbent material or substance, and by the means already described
I cut or stamp therefrom a disc or piece of the required size, and upon the edge of
the said disc or piece and at right angles thereto or nearly so, I form a shallow
circumferential flange. I then saturate this flanged disc with melted wax of the
description and in the manner already described (or such saturation may be done
before cutting out) and when the said flanged waxed disc is quite cold I fit it tightly
into the inside of the shallow vertical Hange formed on the metal cap or cover
referred to in my said former Specification No. 4120 A.D. 1885 (or into the inside
of other similarly flanged hollow discs caps or covers) with the flat portion of the said
waxed flanged disc placed outwardly in order that the external portion of the said
circumferentially flanged waxed disc shall be brought in contact with the opening or
mouth of the hottle jar or other hollow vessel. The hollow space between the inside
of the waxed flanged dise and the inside of the metal cap or cover may be previously
filled up either wholly or partly with the paper pulp paper felt cedar felt or feltine
already herein described or it may be filled up either wholly or partly with any other

page_text: suitable material or substance to form the sufficiently soft or elastic packing required.
Or, instead of forming a shallow flange upon the disc or piece of waxed stiff material
as above described I sometimes prefer to make a sufficiently soft or elastic pad or
cushion for the purpose stated, and I then take a somewhat thin waxed material or
substance (such as ordinary paper) and I cut the same into the disc or other shape
required but somewhat larger in diameter than the actual diameter of the disc or
piece of felted stuff or other material which I intend to enclose therein as a filling or
elastic packing. After selecting the sufficiently soft or elastic material required (and
I preferably take discs of the aforesaid paper pulp, cedar felt, paper felt or feltine for
that purpose) I place one or more of the said discs in the centre of the said larger or
external waxed disc and fold the edges of the same over towards its centre and the
centre of the discs or pieces inserted therein, in order to form a compact pad or
cushion of sufficiently elastic material or substance for the purposes required which
pad or cushion may then be inserted or secured in hollow flanged caps covers or
capsules such as those already herein referred to, with the flat portion or face of the
disc outwardly placed. Or I sometimes make an efficient pad elastic cushion or
packing for the mouths or openings of bottles jars and other hollow vessels when the
said pad cushion or packing is intended to be used in combination with the aforesaid
flanged hollow caps or covers referred to in my Patent of the 9th day of April 1885
already referred to or with similar descriptions of flanged hollow caps or covers for
bottles pots and other vessels in the following manner. I cut or stamp out by the
means hereinabove described from the paper pulp paper felt cedar felt or feltine or from
other suitable elastic materials circular discs or pieces of the required size and I.
insert one or more of them in the said hollow flanged cap or cover and I also cut or
stamp out by the means hereinabove described circular discs or pieces of the required
size from the above described waxed paper or from other waxed suitable material and
I insert one or more of them in the said cap or cover next to and outside the afore-
said paper pulp, paper felt, cedar felt, feltine or other felted material. These discs
(or some of them) may be cut somewhat larger than the interior of the said flanged
hollow cap in order that they may be better kept in place therein or they may be kept
together by means of the flanged ring hereinabove mentioned, and referred to in my
said former Letters Patent. It may be sometimes preferred to form any of the above
mentioned pads or cushions entirely from plain or non-waxed paper pulp, paper felt,
cedar felt, or feltine or other suitable materials or substances. Or, I sometimes make
a cover or capsule as follows:-I take a sheet or piece of saturated or waxed coarse
or stiff paper or cardboard or of other waxed suitable material or substance of
sufficient thickness texture and stiffness and if the wax is in excess on both sides
then I preferably remove by scraping or otherwise as much of the superfluous wax as
possible from one side only of the said waxed paper material or substance. I then
form cut or stamp from the said sheet or piece a disc or cover of the size and shape
required (by means of the suitable tools or dies already mentioned) and with a flange
of sufficient depth formed on its edge and with that part of the disc outward from
which the wax has been removed. I sometimes stamp or emboss the same by means
of dies in the usual manner with any letters words or devices required. The outer
portion of the said disc or cover may be then varnished with any suitable varnish or
coated with pitch or any suitable waterproofing material or composition. The cap or
cover may be tied or secured by means of the flange formed thereon to the bottle jar
or other vessel.
I sometimes also form an efficient "Combination" capsule for some purposes by
taking a sheet or piece of sufficiently waxed suitable paper (and preferably a tough
paper) or other suitable waxed material fabric or substance and I place over the
same a sheet or piece of thin sheet guttapercha, or thin sheet india rubber or other
similar liquid proof and sufficiently flexible material or substance and I form by
stamping or otherwise in the manner herein described and preferably by one and the
same operation a cap or cover with a flange formed on the edge thereof of any
suitable depth. This capsule may be finished or ornamented by stamping or
R

page_text: embossing in the manner herein fully described and in some instances the paper or
oiler material employed may not require to be waxed.
One application of my invention of the waxed paper or other waxed material fabric
or substance as a suitable covering material for the openings of vessels consists in
providing a clean internal or second covering for the openings of pots jars and other
hollow vessels containing potted or preserved meats or similar preparations. stamp
or cut out by the means already described from paper linen or from other suitable
and sufficiently absorbent material fabric or substance which preferably has been
previously coated or saturated with suitable wax such as that herein described a disc
or other shaped piece thereof corresponding in shape and fitting closely to the inner
sides of the pot jar or other vessel. After the vessel is filled with the preparation
instead of covering the surface of the latter with melted fat as is usually done I place
immediately on the top of the said-preparation one of the shaped pieces or covers of
waxed paper linen or other waxed material or fabric and I then in order to ensure the
said internal cover fitting more tightly and to cover up the narrow space between
its edge and the sides of the vessel pour melted wax or melted fat or butter or other
suitable substance over the edge of the said cover and the said space. I preferably
employ for coating or saturating the said cover and sometimes for filling up the
uncovered space between the edge thereof and the inner sides of the vessel melted
paraffin wax or other suitable mineral wax. If desired the waxed cover may be in
one or more pieces and sometimes a disc or other shaped piece of paper may be used
over and in combination with the said waxed paper or other material and the said
waxed and non-waxed materials may be stamped out together.
If preferred the flanges formed as herein described on some of the covers or
capsules herein mentioned may be stiffened or strengthened in any desired manner.
They may be pleated, goffered, crimped, corrugated or folded and they may have
one or more metal wires or threads placed therein and they may have rings of india
rubber inserted therein so as to form capsules having an elastic mouth, or they may
have wires threads strings or ribbons inserted therein in such a manner that the ends
thereof may be left sufficiently long to be used for ticing or securing the capsules or
covers to the bottles jars and other hollow vessels, the mouths or openings of which it
is intended to cover or to capsule.
The hereinbefore described dises capsules covers or covering materials may be
made of any fancy coloured or tinted papers or may be made of other dyed, coloured
or tinted sufficiently absorbent suitable materials fabrics or substances saturated as
herein described with melted white wax or with melted wax nearly free from colour,
and preferably with wax of the character hereinbefore described by which means
obtain an appearance similar to that of coloured enamel upon the surface of the discs,
capsules, covers or covering material herein described without the employment of
coloured waxes but I may nevertheless sometimes use coloured wax instead of white
wax for the purposes described.
I also sometimes stamp or print in colours or otherwise upon the paper or upon the
other sufficiently absorbent suitable materials or substances employed for the purposes
herein described (which paper or other materials or substances may be also coloured
or plain) any letters, figures, words, patterns or devices and I afterwards saturate
the said printed materials or substances with suitable melted wax or other suitable
mixture or composition in the manner herein described. Or sometimes I print stamp
or impress either in relief or otherwise patterns and devices on the paper or other
absorbent material intended to be saturated with wax and sometimes this may be done
after the material is waxed.
The printing on any of the materials fabrics or substances used may be effected by
any of the well known methods including photographic and other cognate processes.
I also sometimes stamp impress or emboss by means of suitable tools or dies
(operated by any of the well known methods) any paper or other suitable materials
or substances used in or about the manufacture or production of stoppers covers
capsules or covering material with letters figures words patterns or devices.
If the

page_text: material or substances to be thus stamped impressed or embossed for the purposes
described are sufficiently absorbent I sometimes saturate the same with melted wax
or other suitable mixture preparation or composition in the way hereinbefore described
before or after the same are stamped impressed or embossed.
The said letters figures words patterns or devices may be in relief or otherwise and
they may be produced by hand or by any suitable tools machinery and appliances,
and the stamping impressing or embossing may be done either before or after the
covers capsules or covering materials are made into the form desired and in some cases
it may be preferred that the material so stamped impressed or embossed should be so
treated separately and afterwards fixed to the capsule or cover by the means of suitable
agglutinative material.
Instead of the particular description of felted materials herein mentioned 1 some-
times use soft paper preferably of a kind having a long fibre such as some descriptions
of Japanese, or Chinese paper.
In some cases for the purposes herein described the material or substance for coating
or saturating any of the materials fabrics or substances herein described or referred to
may be suitably composed of paraffin wax to which stearine may be added in such
proportion as the nature of the material or the requirements of the user may demand
bearing in mind that the admixture with stearine tends to soften paraffin wax.
I sometimes use one part of stearine to three parts of wax, but these proportions may
be varied.
When linen or other fabrics are used coated or saturated with paraffin wax or other
wax I sometimes pass a warm iron over the same or pass the same through suitable
warm metal rolls in order to better distribute the wax upon the said fabric.
My invention of the waxed paper or other similar or suitable waxed materials
fabrics or substances herein mentioned for the purposes herein described, in com-
bination with the paper pulp, paper felt, cedar feit, or feltine or with other felted or
sufficiently elastic materials fabrics or substances or with thin sheet metal or metallic
foil or with paper or paper foil or with vegetable parchment, bladder skin or other
more or less waterproof material will constitute and form an effective Combination
Capsule
"Combination cover or covering material or substance for the mouths or
the openings of bottles jars or other hollow vessels. The order, sequence, or arrange-
ment of any of the discs or pieces of the waxed or saturated or non-waxed materials
or substances employed for the purposes herein described may be varied if desired and
I wish it to be clearly understood that I do not necessarily limit the number of the
discs or pieces of any particular material fabric or substance which may be employed
in any combination of discs or pieces for the purposes herein described to the precise
number of discs or pieces, in some cases herein particularly enumerated, nor do I
necessarily limit the method in which son of those materials fabrics or substances
may be applied or used to the particular methods herein set forth or described where
the same may be conveniently varied; and in some cases where I have described the
dises, caps, covers or capsules as being coated, covered, or saturated with wax after
the same bave been cut out stamped out or formed, I also wish it to be understood
that the same may be sometimes cut out, stamped out or formed from any suitable
material fabric or substance which has been already previously sufficiently waxed.
I am aware of Faulder's Specification No. 9230 and I make no claim to
anything described and claimed therein but having now particularly described and
ascertained the nature of my said invention, and in what manner the same is to
be performed, I declare that what I claim is :-
1. The method of manufacturing covering material for the mouths of bottles jars
and other hollow vessels of waxed paper or other waxed suitable material fabric or
substance in combination with paper pulp, paper felt, cedar felt or feltine or with other
sufficiently soft and elastic material substantially in the method herein described.
2. The method of manufacturing covering material for the mouths of hottles jars
and other hollow vessels of waxed paper or other waxed suitable material fabric or
substance in combination with paper pulp, paper felt, cedar felt, or feltine or other

page_text: sufficiently soft and elastic material and also in combination with non-waxed paper of
any suitable description or quality substantially in the method herein described.
3. The method of manufacturing covers and capsules for the mouths of bottles jars
and other hollow vessels from waxed paper or other waxed suitable material fabric or
substance in combination with paper pulp paper felt cedar felt or feltine or with
other sufficiently soft and elastic material or substance in the manner herein
described.
4. The method of manufacturing covers and capsules for the mouths of bottles jars
and other hollow vessels from waxed paper or other waxed suitable material fabric or
substance in combination with paper pulp, paper felt, cedar felt, or feltine or other
sufficiently soft and elastic material and also in combination with non-waxed paper
of any suitable description or quality substantially in the method herein described.
5. In the construction of covering material, covers or capsules for the purposes
described the use of paper pulp, paper felt, cedar felt or feltine or other suitable felted
material substantially in the manner herein described.
6. In the construction of covers or capsules, or covering material the combination
of one or more discs or pieces of waxed paper with one or more discs or pieces of
paper of any suitable description and with or without paper foil or metallic foil
substantially as and for the purposes herein described.
7. In the construction of covering material the combination of papier pulp, paper
felt, cedar felt, or feltine, or other suitable felted material, with non-waxed paper,
linen cloth, or other suitable non-waxed material, substantially as and for the purposes
herein described.
8. The coating of the said paper pulp paper felt cedar felt or feltine or other suit-
able material with wax as and for the purposes herein described.
9. The coating or saturating of paper linen or other suitable-material with mixtures
of wax and fatty substance (such as paraffin wax with stearine) as and for the
herein described.
purposes
10. The combination of such coated or saturated paper linen or other material with
the paper pulp, paper felt, cedar felt or feltine or other suitable felted material sub-
stantially in the manner and for the purposes herein described.
11. In the construction of capsules or covers the insertion of a disc or piece of
white or suitably coloured paper (waxed or not) hetween a disc or piece of the paper
felt, cedar felt, or feltine or other suitable felted material and the disc or piece of
waxed paper or other waxed material as and for the purposes herein described.
12. In the construction of capsules or covers or covering material or as suitable
packing for hollow covers the combination of one or more dises or pieces of waxed
paper or other suitable waxed material with one or more dises or pieces of metallic
foil and with one or more discs or pieces of paper pulp, paper felt, cedar felt, or
feltine, or with other suitable felted material substantially as and for the purposes
herein described.
13. The construction of capsules or covers by the combination of waxed paper or
other waxed suitable material with plain paper, cardboard paper felt or feltine or with
linen substantially as and for the purposes herein described.
14. The construction of capsules or covers by the combination of waxed paper or
other waxed suitable material with thin sheet metal and with non-waxed paper of any
suitable description, with or without the addition of paper pulp, paper felt, cedar felt,
or feltine, or other suitable felted material, as and for the purposes herein described.
15. The construction of capsules or covers by the combination of one or more discs
or pieces of waxed paper or other waxed suitable material with paper foil or with
coloured metallized glazed decorated varnished or oiled paper, with or without the
addition of paper pulp, paper felt, cedar felt or feltine, or other suitable felted material,
as and for the purposes herein described.
16. In the construction of covers capsules or covering material the combination of
waxed paper or other waxed suitable material with paper pulp paper felt cedar felt or
feltine or other suitable felted material and also with linen cloth or other suitable
material substantially as and for the purposes herein described.

page_text: 17. The construction of capsules or covers by the combination of waxed paper or
other waxed suitable material with vegetable parchment or parchment paper used in a
dry state as and for the purposes herein described.
18. The construction of capsules or covers by the combination of one or more discs
or pieces of waxed paper or other waxed suitable material with an outer disc cover or
piece of vegetable parchment the said combined materials being cut out together and
wetted before being applied to the mouths of vessels in a moistened condition substan-
tially in the manner and for the purposes herein described..
19. The construction of capsules or covers by the combination of one or more dises
or pieces of waxed paper or other waxed suitable material with an outer disc cover
or piece of bladder, gut, kid or other skin, the combined materials being cut
out together and preferably being wetted before being applied to the mouths of
vessels in a moistened condition substantially in the manner and for the purposes
herein described.
20. The construction of capsules or covers by the combination of one or more
bottom dises or pieces of waxed paper or other waxed suitable material with one or
more discs or pieces of one or more of the following materials that is to say:-
suitable paper cardboard metallic or paper foil paper felt cedar felt or feltine or other
suitable soft or elastic material or fabric and also with an upper disc or piece of the
said moistened vegetable parchment bladder gut kid or other skin substantially as and
for the purposes herein described.
21. In the construction of suitable packing for flanged hollow caps or stoppers the
use of one or more discs or pieces of paper pulp paper felt cedar felt or feltine or
other suitable felted material in combination with one or more discs or pieces of
waxed paper or other waxed suitable material as an elastic packing therefor sub-
stantially as and for the purposes herein described.
22. In the construction of flanged hollow caps or covers the use of flanged dises of
waxed paper or cardboard inverted in the said bollow caps in combination with the
aforesaid paper pulp paper felt cedar felt or feltine or with other suitable material
substantially as and for the purposes herein described.
23. In the construction of flanged hollow caps or covers the use of pads or cushions
consisting of a combination of waxed and non-waxed sufficiently elastic materials
and inserted in such hollow cap or cover substantially as and for the purposes
described.
24. The construction of covers or capsules from flanged dises of waxed paper
eardboard or other suitable materials the outer side of which is coated with varnish,
pitch or other suitable waterproof composition substantially as and for the purposes
herein described.
25. The construction of covers or capsules by means of the combination of waxed
paper or other similar waxed material with ibin gutta percha or thin india rubber
or other suitable waterproof material substantially as and for the purposes herein
described.
26. The use in the manner described of waxed paper waxed cardboard or other
suitable waxed material as a covering for the contents of jars or hollow vessels of the
like kind.
27. In capsules, covers, and covering material, the waxing with melted white wax
or with wax nearly free from colour of coloured papers or other suitable coloured
materials substantially as and for the purposes herein described.
28. In capsules, covers, and covering materials, the use of coloured suitable wax as
and for the purposes herein described.
29. In capsules, covers, and covering materials, the method of printing upon
suitable sufficiently absorbent paper or other material and of afterwards coating
such paper or other material with wax substantially as and for the purposes herein
described.
30. In capsules, covers, and covering materials, the method of stamping in relief
on suitable sufficiently absorbent paper or other material which paper or material is
afterwards coated with wax substantially as and for the purposes herein described.

page_text: 31. In the construction of capsules or
covers or covering materials the use of
sufficiently soft Japanese or Chinese paper or other soft paper having a long fibre
in place of the aforesaid paper pulp paper felt cedar felt or feltine as and for the
purposes herein described.
32. The stamping or embossing in relief or otherwise of waxed paper or other
waxed suitable material in combination with one or more upper dises or pieces of
plain, coloured, decorated, fancy, or chemically, prepared paper paper foil linen cloth
or other suitable material substantially as and for the purposes herein described.
33. The stamping or embossing intellef or otherwise of waxed paper or other
waxed suitable material in combination with one or more upper discs or pieces of thin
sheet metal or metal foil substantially as and for the purposes herein described.
Dated this 25th day of January 1888
EDWARDS & Co.,
35, Southampton Buildings, London,
Agents for the Inventor.

page_text: Date of Application, 25th Apr., 1887
Complete Left, 25th Jan., 1888
Complete Accepted, 16th Mar., 1888°
I, HENRY LOUIS PHILLIPS, of 28, Brownswood Park, South Hornsey, in the County
of Middlesex, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
In the specification of my Letters Patent dated 9th April A.D. 1885, and
numbered 120 I described a form of covering for bottles jars and other hollow vessels
in which was employed paper saturated with paraffin wax and used either alone or in
combination with cork or other soft or elastic material. My present invention relates
to a cheap excellent and novel method of covering or capsuling bottles, jars, and other
hollow vessels which covering may be used either with the flanged ring described in
my said former specification; or may be used without the said ring if the covering
be arranged and formed as herein described.
I saturate with họt melted wax, (which is preferably melted in a hot water bath)
paper of suitable substance and thickness or other suitable material and I preferably
employ for this purpose wax which liquifies at a high melting point such as
paraffin wax or bleached white beeswax. I cut or stamp out of such saturated
or waxed paper or other waxed material, discs of the required size, and I use one
or more of such discs either alone or in combination with cork or other sufficiently
soft and elastic substance, and the same may be placed or secured in the flanged ring
which is more fully described in my specification and shewn in the drawing accom-
panying the same of my Letters Patent dated the 9th of April 1885 No. 4420 already
above mentioned.

page_text: The use of cork as a soft and elastic substance to be used in combination with my
aforesaid waxed paper or other waxed material is in many cases too expensive. I
have now however discovered that the use of ordinary felted fibre as a sufficiently soft
and elastic substance to be placed at the back or over my aforesaid waxed discs is
efficient, and for this purpose I preferably employ a description of felted material or
substance known as paper felt, or cedar felt, or feltine. Sometimes I saturate either
wholly or partially one or more discs or pieces of the said felt, paper felt, cedar felt,
or feltine, with wax as above mentioned or I use the same without any wax in con-
nection with and in combination with one or more of the discs or pieces of waxed
paper or other waxed material herein described.
Sometimes I use in combination with the said waxed paper or other material, lead
or tin, or other suitable metal foil, and the same may be placed either in front of or
immediately behind the discs or pieces-of-waxed paper-or other waxed material; or
the same may be used also in combination with the felt, or feltine, or felted substances,
already herein mentioned, in which case the metal foil is placed immediately next the
mouth of the bottle, jar, or other hollow vessel, and the waxed paper or other waxed
material immediately at the back thereof or the waxed paper or other waxed material
may be dispensed with altogether.
The various materials and substances used may be arranged in any required order
or position and may then be stamped in one or more operations to the required shape
by means of any suitable tool or die operated by a stamping press or by any other
method.
Sometimes I form the waxed paper or other suitable waxed material or the various
materials or substances either in combination, therewith or otherwise into a cover or
capsule which I for convenience of description will call a "combination."-capsule...
I take cartridge or other paper or other suitable material-of sufficient toughness,
texture, or substanco, and of the size required and I saturate the same with hot inclied
wax as above described.
When the said waxed paper or other waxed material or substance is cold I cut or
stamp the same into the shape required, and with or without a flange formed upon the
edge, and 1 impress or emboss, this waxed paper or other waxed material (by means
of a suitable die operated by means of a fly or other press) with any required device,
letters, figures, or words.
Or I take paper of adequate substance and of the required size, or I take any other
suitable material and I saturate the same with hot melted wax as above described.
When the waxed paper or other waxed material is cold or nearly so I place upon it
a sheet of thin metal, or a sheet of metallic or paper foil, or glazed or other paper,
linen, varnished or oiled paper, vegetable parchment, or other material of suitable
toughness and strength, and placing the sheets, materials, or substances in the desired
position (the waxed paper or other waxed material being undermost), I cause the same
to be stamped or otherwise formed in one and the same operation into a capsule or
cover having a flange formed thereupon, which capsule or cover may be impressed by
means of a die as above described with any suitable letters, figures, words, or devices.
In some cases the flange formed on the upper cover of unwaxed material may be made
of a somewhat greater depth than the flange formed on the waxed paper or other
waxed material in order to admit of the combination capsule being more easily tied or
secured to the bottle, jar, or other vessel which it is intended to cover.
I sometimes make an efficient capsule as follows. I take a sheet or piece of the
waxed paper or other suitable waxed material and I place over the same a sheet or
piece of the substance commercially known as vegetable parchment, and at the same
operation I stamp or cut out a disc of the required size and either with or without a
flange formed thereon.
I then stamp or emboss the said disc of combined materials or substances with any
letters, figures, words, or devices required, or I stamp or emboss the same by the same
operation as that in which the process of cutting out is performed.
In other cases I form to the proper size out of suitable cardboard or paper or other
suitable sufficiently absorbent substance or material, by pressing stamping or by any

page_text: other convenient method, a disc or plate with a flange formed thereon and projecting
at right angles or nearly so thereto. I saturate this flanged disc or plate with melted
wax as hereinbefore described and when cold I fit the said projecting flange tightly
into the inside of the vertical flango formed on the said metal cap or cover referred to
in my former specification No. 4420 A.D. 1885 already herein before referred to or
into the insido of similarly formed caps or covers with the external portion of tho said
waxed disc or plate outward which is then placed next to the opening of the bottle or
jar or other hollow vessel. The hollow space between the inside of the waxed flanged
disc and the inside of the metal cap or cover may be filled up with the felt, paper felt,
or feltine, or with any other suitable material or substance to form the soft and
sufficiently elastic packing required.
An inexpensive capsule may be also made by taking a sheet or piece of waxed paper
or other waxed material of sufficient substance and texture and, after removing the
superfluous wax or a part thereof by scraping or otherwise from one side thereof,
stamping the same into the shape and size required with a flange of sufficient depth formed
thereon as described, and also stamping the same with any letters words or devices
required. The outside of this capsule will be that side which has the smaller quantity
of wax, and when the capsule is stamped out it may be varnished with any suitable
varnish, and can be tied or secured by means of the flange.
My invention of the waxed paper or other suitable waxed materials or substances
for the purposes herein described when any of the same are used in combination with
the felt, felt-paper, feltine, or other felted substances, and also in combination with
paper, or with metallic or paper foil, or with both these substances, or in combination
with any other suitable material or substances, will constitute or form a cheap and
effective combination capsule. The arrangement of the discs or pieces of the different
materials or substances employed may be varied if desired and I wish it to be clearly
understood that I do not limit the number of discs or pieces, of any particular material,
substance, or combination, to the number herein enumerated.
In manufacturing some description of capsules or covers I preferably form them
from brown or other coarse paper or other material saturated with melted wax as
herein described and I coat the same after the same shall have been stamped out into
the required shape, with pitch, tar or other suitable waterproofing material or
composition.
If preferred the flanges formed on the discs or pieces of paper or cardboard or
other materials and substances employed may be stiffened or strengthened in any
desired manner. They may be pleated, goffered, crimped, or folded, or they may
have one or more metal wires or threads placed therein, and they may have rings
of india rubber inserted therein so as to form a capsule having an elastic mouth,, or
they may have strings, ribbons, or wires, inserted therein in such a manner that the
ends thereof may extend beyond the said flanges and may be used for tying or fastening
the capsules and covers to the bottles, jars, and other hollow vessels intended to be
covered or capsuled.
The aforesaid discs, plates, capsules or covers may be made of coloured papers or
other coloured absorbent materials, or substances saturated with hot melted white wax
or with wax nearly free from colour and I preferably use the waxes already mentioned
for this purpose by which means I obtain an appearance of coloured enamel upon my
discs, plates, capsules, and covers, herein described without the employment of coloured
wax; but I nevertheless sometimes use coloured wax instead of whito wax when the.
colour employed is harmless. I also print in colours or otherwise upon paper or upon
other suitable sufficiently absorbent materials or substances suitable for capsules, covers,
or for covering material, (which paper or other materials or substances may be also
coloured or otherwise) any letters, figures, words, or devices, and I afterwards saturate
the said printed materials or substances with melted wax as herein described. Or,
sometimes print or impress either in relief, or otherwise, patterns and devices on the
paper or other absorbent material intended to be saturated with wax, and sometimes
this may be done before the material is waxed. I also sometimes impress one or more
=

page_text: discs of the felted or other material used, with patterns and devices in relief or
otherwise.
The printing on the materials used may be accomplished by any of the well known
processes including photographic and other kindred or like processes.
I also sometimes emboss or stamp or impress, by means of a suitable die (operated
by any of the well known methods,) any paper or other material or substances used in
or about the manufacture or production of covers, covering material, or capsules, with
letters, figures, words, or devices. If the materials or substances required to be so
stamped are absorbent, I sometimes cause the same to be saturated with melted wax in
the way described, either before or after being so stamped embossed or impressed.
The said devices may be in relief or otherwise, and may be produced by hand or by
suitable machinery and appliances.
Instead of the felted materials herein mentioned I sometimes use soft paper
preferably having a long fibre such as Japanese or Chinese paper as and for the
purposes described.
EDWARDS & Co.,
35, Southampton Buildings, London,
Agents for the Applicant.

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and Connected with Stoppers, Covers, Capsules,
and Covering Material for Bottles, Jars, and other Hollow
Vessels.
1, HENRY LOUIS PHILLIPS, of 28, Brownswood Park, South Hornsey, in the County
of Middlesex, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of this invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in.
and by the following statement, (that is to say):-
ог
In the specification of my Letters Patent dated the 9th day of April A.D. 1885,
numbered 4420, I described a form of covering for the mouths or openings of
bottles jars and other hollow vessels in which was employed paper saturated with
paraffin wax and used either alone or in combination with cork or with other
sufficiently soft or elastic material. My present invention relates to a novel method
of covering and of capsuling the mouths or openings of bottles jars and other
hollow vessels either by means of a covering material or by a "combination cover"
"combination capsule' for the same, which covering material, either alone or in
combination with other materials fabrics or substances (some of which are hereinafter
described) may be used either with the flanged metal disc or retaining ring in the
manner and for the purposes described in my above mentioned specification or the
said covering material either alone or in combination as aforesaid may be used
without the said disc or ring provided the various materials or substances of which
it is intended that the said covering or capsule shall consist be arranged and
formed substantially in the manner hereinafter described.
In order to obtain a sufficiently air-tight or water-tight material or substance to
be placed over or next the mouth of the vessel intended to be covered or capsuled I coat
or cover with any suitable description of wax applied in any convenient manner, but I
preferably saturate with melted wax (preferably melted in a hot water bath), paper
of suitable substance and thickness, or 1 coat cover or saturate with wax in
like manner any other sufficiently absorbent suitable material fabric or substance
and I preferably employ a description of wax which liquifies at a comparatively
high melting point such for instance as paraffin wax or bleached beeswax. I stamp
out or cut out with suitable tools or dies operated in the usual well known manner
by means of die presses or otherwise from the aforesaid waxed paper, or from
other-waxed suitable material fabric or substance discs rings c or other pieces of the
shape and size required and I employ either one or more of the said discs rings or
pieces of waxed paper or other waxed material fabric or substance alone or in com-
bination with one or more discs or pieces of cork of the required thickness and size
for the purposes herein described or the said discs or pieces of waxed paper or of
other, waxed material or substance may be used with other sufficiently soft or
sufficiently elastic materials or substances instead of cork and the waxed and non-
waxed materials, and substances in combination with each other may be arranged in

page_text: any desired order or position and some of them may be used either without the said
flanged metal dise or ring, or they may be placed or secured in the said flanged
metal disc or ring which is more fully set forth in the Specification of my Letters
Patent hereinabove mentioned when it may be required to enclose therein the novel
packing materials or substances hereinafter particularly described.
The employment of cork in the manner and for the purposes set forth for use in
combination with waxed paper or in combination with other waxed suitable material
fabric or substance is in many cases found to be too expensive for general adoption.
I have however discovered that instead of cork, amongst other things the use of
ordinary felted fibre or felted stuff as a sufficiently soft and elastic material or sub-
stance to be used in combination with the aforesaid waxed paper or other waxed
suitable material fabric or substance is efficient for some of the purposes required,
and I preferably employ_a_description of felted fibre or felted stuff material or
substance known as paper pulp," paper felt," "cedar felt," or "feltine." I take
the same in sheets of convenient size and thickness, and I cut or stamp therefrom
discs, rings, or other pieces of the shape and size required by means of suitable cutting
or stamping tools or dies operated in the well known manner by means of a stamping
or die press or by any other convenient method and I employ the said paper pulp,
paper felt, cedar felt, or feltine, either alone, or in combination with the said waxed
paper or with other materials in the manner and for the purposes hereinafter
described.
25 66
In some cases for the purposes herein described, I either cover one or both sides of,
or I saturate with the description of wax herein mentioned or with mixtures of
suitable wax or with other suitable or similar mixture or composition, discs rings or
-pieces of the size required of the hercinabove described "paper pulp," "paper felt,"
"ceder felt" or "feltine ;" and in other cases I use discs rings or pieces of the said
felted material entirely free from wax and either of the said waxed or non-waxed
materials or substances may be used in combination with one or more discs rings
or pieces of the required size of suitable paper coated or covered or saturated with
the wax or suitable composition herein described or referred to or in combination
with one or more discs, rings or pieces of other suitable waxed material fabric or
substance. In order to improve the appearance of the disc ring or piece of waxed
paper or other waxed material or fabric used (which when placed immediately next
the felted substance above described sometimes shows the dark colour of the latter
through the said waxed material and gives to the packing a discoloured or dirty
appearance) I sometimes interpose a disc or piece of white or other suitably coloured
paper or other suitable material or fabric between the said exposed waxed paper
or other waxed material and the felted stuff or substance above described and the
said interposed paper or material may be also waxed if preferred.
Sometimes for the purposes herein described I use in combination with one or
more discs rings or pieces of the said waxed paper or with other waxed suitable material
fabric or substance one or more discs rings or pieces of sufficiently thin metallic foil
such as lead, tin or other suitable metallic foil and the said discs rings or pieces of
thin metallic foil may either be placed below (as when covering articles free from
moisture) or be placed immediately above the said discs or otherwise shaped pieces
of waxed paper or other waxed material fabric or substance and the said metallic
foil, and waxed paper or other waxed material may be also used in combination with
the herein before described "
" feltine
paper pulp," "paper felt," "cedar felt," or
with other felted fibre stuff or material of suitable character.
The above mentioned different materials or substances may be arranged as required,
either to make an efficient packing or filling for flanged hollow discs caps or covers
or they can be formed into discs having flanges of any required depth formed
upon their circumferential edges in order to form capsules in the manner and for
the purposes hereinafter described.
or
Most of the above arrangements for the purposes described have reference more
particularly to the employment of the different materials and substances named, in
combination with the use of the flanged metal disc or ring described in my former

page_text: specification already referred to; but sometimes I form from paper of adequate
substance or from cardboard or from other sufficiently absorbent suitable material by
means of proper cutting and shaping tools or dies operated as already herein
described or otherwise discs (which may be flanged or not) capsules or covers for
covering the mouths of bottles jars pots and other hollow vessels and I then coat or
cover the same with suitable wax in the manner already described or the paper or
other material may be waxed previously to such cutting out.
Or, I form as described preferably from previously coated covered or saturated
waxed paper or other sufficiently waxed suitable material fabric or substance in com-
bination with other plain or non-waxed materials fabrics or substances such as paper a
flanged cover or capsule for the mouths or openings of bottles jars pots and other
hollow vessels which cover or capsule will be preferably formed by stamping out tho
two pieces of waxed and non-waxed materials by one and the same operation. Or the
waxed and non-waxed materials will be stamped out separately as discs, (with or
without flanges) and placed in position over the mouth of the bottle.
4
1 for greater convenience and accuracy of description will henceforth call this
description of cover or capsulo a "combination capsule" or a combination cover;"
it being understood that these particular terms refer to capsules or covers formed of
two or more different materials fabrics or substances such as are described herein.
The following example is an illustration of a simple capsulo constructed according
to my invention. I take a sheet or piece of sufficiently thick and hard paper or 1
take any other sufficiently absorbent and suitable material or substance provided the
same be of sufficient toughness, texture or character for the purposo required, and I
coat or saturate the same with melted wax of the kind hereinabove mentioned in the
manner already herein described. I then cut or stamp out from the same, discs or
pieces of the required size and with flanges of the required depth formed upon the
circumferential edges thereof and if desired I impress or emboss the said waxed paper
or other waxed material or substance with any required letters figures words patterns
or devices by means of any suitable dies operated in the usual manner. If preferred
these capsules may be waxed after being cut out or formed. Or, I sometimes use
more than one piece of waxed paper or other waxed suitable material or substance for
the purposes required, in which case the several pieces are placed over each other in
order that they may be cut out, stamped or formed (and embossed if necessary) in
one operation by the means above described, and if a stouter capsule or cover be desired,
paper, cardboard, paper felt or feltine, linen or other suitable material fabric or sub-
stance or some of them (preferably free from wax) may be also used and placed over
the said waxed paper or other waxed suitable material or substance and the same will
be cut out and formed with a suitable circumferential flange as described, and in this
latter case a
"combination capsule" for the purposes herein described will be
produced.
Another description of "combination capsule" or "combination cover" is as
follows I take paper of suitable texture or toughness or I take any other sufficiently
absorbent and suitable material fabric or substance and I sufficiently coat the same
with wax or I saturate it with melted wax of the character or quality already above
mentioned and in the manner hereinbefore described. I then place upon the said
waxed paper or other waxed suitable material fabric or substance a sheet or piece of
sufficiently thin sheet metal or one or more sheets or pieces of metallic foil or of
paper foil or of glazed, gilt, silvered, metallized, marbled or otherwise decorated
paper or of plain paper or of linen, or of cloth, or of varnished or oiled paper or of
the substance well known as vegetable parchment, or of any other suitable material
fabric or substance of suitable toughness texture or strength and after arranging
such one or more of the said sheets or pieces of material fabric or substance as inay
be selected for the purpose in any desired order or sequence (the waxed paper or
other waxed material waxed fabric or waxed substance being preferably under-
most) I form from the said waxed and nonwaxed materials a combination
capsule or "combination cover" by stamping shaping or cutting all the said
selected different sheets or pieces (by one and the same operation) into the circular or
"

page_text: [
.
"
22
com-
other shape desired by means of suitable cutting shaping or stamping tools or dies
operated as aforesaid.
The said "Combination capsule" or
combination cover should have a vertical
flange of any required depth formed upon the circumferential edge thereof, and the
said capsule or cover may be impressed or embossed (by means of suitable dies
operated in the usual way) with any appropriate letters, figures, words, patterns or
devices. If preferred the outer disc or piece which forms part of the said
bination capsule " may have a deeper flange formed upon it than the other disc or discs
forming the inner portion of the said capsule in which case the flange on the said
outer disc will be separately formed.
An officient "Combination capsule" or
23
combination cover for the purposes
herein set forth may also be simply made as follows:-I take a sheet or piece of
_suitable_paper_or other suitable material fabric or substance which has been previously
sufficiently covered or saturated with wax (preferably paraffin wax) in the manner
already herein described and I place over the same a sheet or piece of the material,
commonly used alone as a cover for pois and other vessels, commercially known as
vegetable parchment," or parchment paper, and then by means of suitable stamping
shaping and cutting tools or dies operated by means of die presses in the well known
manner (and preferably at one and the same operation) 1 cut or form the said two
materials into circular shaped pieces or discs of any required diameter and preferably
with vertical flanges of any required depth formed upon the edges thereof. If
required I sometimes stamp impress or emboss the said discs with any letters figures
words patterns or devices desired. In this form of cover or capsule the portion or
piece which is waxed will be placed next to and over the opening or mouth of the
jar, pot, or other hollow vessel it is intended to cover and the flange formed thereon
may be used for the purpose of securing the same to the vessel in the usual manner.
This description of combination capsule or cover may be dipped into or otherwise
sufficiently moistened with water before being placed in position over the mouth of
the jar pot or other vessel in order that the upper piece of vegetable parchment may
shrink or tighten upon the vessel in drying in the manner usually practised when
vegetable parchment, bladder, and like substances are used as covers for pots jars and
oilier hollow vessels. If the water into which the said "combination"
cover, or
capsule be dipped, be sufficiently hot the wax on the surface of the bottom disc or
piece thereof will become somewhat soft or plastic, and will therefore better adapt
itself to the shape of the mouth of the vessel and thus assist in making a tight joint.
Sufficiently thick or strong paper, bladder, gut, kid or other skin, instead of the
aforesaid vegetable parchment in combination with the aforesaid waxed disc may also
be similarly made into a capsule or cover and be wetted and tied down over the
mouth or opening of the pot jar or other vessel.
The method of covering pots or jars may be obviously varied. Instead of placing
the aforesaid vegetable parchment with the waxed paper or other suitable waxed
material over the mouth of the jar pot or other hollow vessel at one and the same
operation (such as for instance in the form of the "combination capsule" or cover
above described) I sometimes prefer to apply the said vegetable parchment and the
said waxed paper or other suitable waxed material fabric or substance separately to
the mouth of the vessel, in the following manner, which I give by way of illustration.
I take a disc or piece of the hereinbefore described sufficiently waxed paper of
suitable thickness and substance, or, I take a disc or piece of similar or suitable
waxed material and the said disc or piece is stamped out or cut preferably somewhat
larger than the size of the mouth or opening of the jar pot or other hollow vessel
intended to be covered (or the said disc or piece may, if desired, have a shallow
flange formed on its circumferential edge which will come slightly over the outside
of the mouth of the vessel) and I place the same over the mouth or opening of the
vessel to be covered. If preferred the wax upon the said disc or piece of waxed
paper or other material may be previously softened or made plastic by being dipped
into hot water as already described. 1 then cover the said disc or piece of waxed
paper or other material or substance when in place with a disc or piece of the said

page_text: "
"vegetable parchment" or "parchment paper" which has been cut somewhat larger
than the aforesaid disc or piece of waxed paper material or substance in order that it
may cover and embrace the shallow flange or circumferential edgo of the waxed
paper, as well as the outer edge of the pot or jar. The said disc or piece of
vegetable parchment" or parchment paper having been proviously sufficiently
wetted or made moist in the manner commonly adopted when that material is used
alone for covering the mouths of pots or jars will be stretched in such manner, that
its edge or flange will be brought well over the circumferential edge or flange of the
dise of waxed paper or other waxed material; and be then pressed down tightly,
and secured in the usual way. This method of covering the jar or other vessel by
separate discs or pieces admits of the disc of "vegetable parchment" being made
much larger than the waxed disc it covers, by which means a greater hold or security
may be obtained.
When the previously moistened "vegetable parchment" has dried, it will make a
tight and efficient cover or capsule. It is obvious that separate discs of bladder gut
kid or other skin or membrane and also paper of suitable texture may be used in
place of the separate disc of "vegetable parchment" aforesaid, and may be similarly
previously wetted and strained and fastened over the waxed disc placed over the
mouth of the vessel. I sometimes strengthen the above described covers or capsules
by interposing discs of suitable paper, cardboard metallic or paper foil paper felt
cedar felt or feltine, or other suitable soft or elastic materials fabrics or substances
between the said upper disc of moistened "vegetable parchment" bladder, gut, kid,
or other skin or membranes and the bottom disc of waxed paper or other waxed
fabric material or substance employed.
In other cases I take stiff paper such as cardboard or other similar or suitable
sufficiently absorbent material or substance, and by the means already described
I cut or stamp therefrom a disc or piece of the required size, and upon the edge of
the said disc or piece and at right angles thereto or nearly so, I form a shallow
circumferential flange. I then saturato this flanged disc with melted wax of the
description and in the manner already described (or such saturation may be done
before cutting out) and when the said flanged waxed disc is quito cold I fit it tightly
into the inside of the shallow vertical flange formed on the metal cap or cover
referred to in my said former Specification No. 4420 A.D. 1885 (or into the insido
of other similarly flanged hollow discs caps or covers) with the flat portion of the said
waxed flanged disc placed outwardly in order that the external portion of the said
circumferentially flanged waxed disc shall be brought in contact with the opening or
mouth of the bottle jar or other hollow vessel. The hollow space between the inside
of the waxed flanged disc and the inside of the metal cap or cover may be proviously
filled up either wholly or partly with the paper pulp paper felt cedar felt or feltino
already herein described or it may be filled up either wholly or partly with any other
suitable material or substance to form the sufficiently soft or elastic packing required.
Or, instead of forming a shallow flange upon the disc or piece of waxed stiff material
as above described I sometimes prefer to make a sufficiently soft or elastic pad or
cushion for the purpose stated, and I then take a somewhat thin waxed material or
substance (such as ordinary paper) and I cut the same into the disc or other shape.
required but somewhat larger in diameter than the actual diameter of the disc or
piece of felted stuff or other material which I intend to enclose therein as a filling or
elastic packing. After selecting the sufficiently soft or elastic material required (and
I preferably take discs of the aforesaid paper pulp, cedar felt, paper felt or feltine for
that purpose) I place one or more of the said discs in the centro of the said larger or
external waxed disc and fold the edges of the same over towards its centre and the
centre of the discs or pieces inserted therein, in order to form a compact pad or
cushion of sufficiently elastic material or substance for the purposes required which
pad or cushion may then be inserted or secured in hollow flanged caps covers or
capsules such as those already herein referred to, with the flat portion or face of the
disc outwardly placed. Or I sometimes make an efficient pad elastic cushion or
packing for the mouths or openings of bottles jars and other hollow vessels when the
"
B

page_text: said pad cushion or packing is intended to be used in combination with the aforesaid
flanged hollow caps or covers referred to in my Patent of the 9th day of April 1885
already referred to or with similar descriptions of flanged hollow caps or covers for
bottles pots and other vessels in the following manner. I cut or stamp ont by the
means hereinabove described from the paper pulp paper felt cedar felt or feltine or from
other suitable elastic materials circular discs or pieces of the required size and I
insert one or more of them in the said hollow flanged cap or cover and I also cut or
stamp out by the means hereinabove described circular discs or pieces of the required
size from the above described waxed paper or from other waxed suitable material and
I insert one or more of them in the said cap or cover next to and outside the afore-
said paper pulp, paper felt, cedar felt, feltine or other felted material. These dises
(or some of them) may be cut somewhat larger than the interior of the said flanged
hollow cap in order that they may be better kept in place therein or they may be kept
together by means of the flanged ring hereinabove mentioned, and referred to in my
said former Letters Patent. It may be sometimes preferred to form any of the above
mentioned pads or cushions entirely from plain or non-waxed paper pulp, paper felt,
cedar felt, or feltine or other suitable materials or substances. Or, I sometimes make
a cover or capsule as follows:-I take a sheet or piece of saturated or waxed coarse
or stiff paper or cardboard or of other waxed suitable material or substance of
sufficient thickness texture and stiffness and if the wax is in excess on both sides
then I preferably remove by scraping or otherwise as much of the superfluous wax as
possible from one side only of the said waxed paper material or substance. I then
form cut or stamp from the said sheet or piece a disc or cover of the size and shape
required (by means of the suitable tools or dies already mentioned) and with a flange
-of-sufficient depth formed on its edge and with that part of the disc outward from
which tho wax has been removed. I sometimes stamp or emboss the same by means
of dies in the usual manner with any letters words or devices requirod. The outer
portion of the said disc or cover may be then varnished with any suitablo varnish or
coated with pitch or any suitable waterproofing material or composition. The cap or
cover may he tied or secured by means of the flange formed thereon to the bottle jar
or other vessel.
I sometimes also form an efficient "Combination" capsule for some purposes by
taking a sheet or piece of sufficiently waxed suitable paper (and preferably a tough
paper) or other suitable waxed material fabric or substance and I place over the
same a sheet or piece of thin sheet guttapercha, or thin sheet india rubber or other
similar liquid proof and sufficiently flexible material or substance and I form by
stamping or otherwise in the manner herein described and preferably by one and the
same operation a cap or cover with a flange formed on the edge thereof of any
suitable depth. This capsule may be finished or ornamented by stamping or
embossing in the manner herein fully described and in some instances the paper or
other material employed may not require to be waxed.
One application of my invention of the waxed paper or other waxed material fabric
or substance as a suitablo covering material for the openings of vessels consists in
providing a clean internal or second covering for the openings of pots jars and other
hollow vessels containing potted or preserved meats or similar preparations. I stamp
or cut out by the means already described from paper linen or from other suitable
and sufficiently absorbent material fabric or substance which preferably has been
previously coated or saturated with suitable wax such as that herein described a disc
or other shaped piece thereof corresponding in shape and fitting closely to the inner
sides of the pot jar or other vessel. After the vessel is filled with the preparation
instead of covering the surface of the latter with melted fat as is usually done I place
immediately on the top of the said preparation one of the shaped pieces or covers of
waxed paper linen or other waxed material or fabric and I then in order to ensure the
said internal cover fitting moro tightly and to cover up the narrow space between
its edge and the sides of the vessel pour melted wax or melted fat or butter or other
suitable substance over the edge of the said cover and the said space. I preferably
employ for coating or saturating the said cover and sometimes for filling up the

page_text: uncovered space between the edge thereof and the inner sides of the vessel melted
paraffin wax or other suitable mineral wax. If desired the waxed cover may be in
one or more pieces and sometimes a disc or other shaped piece of paper may be used
over and in combination with the said waxed paper or other material and the said
waxed and non-waxed materials may be stamped out together.
If preferred the flanges formed as herein described on some of the covers or
capsules herein mentioned may be stiffened or strengthened in any desired manner.
They may be pleated, goffered, crimped, corrugated or folded and they may have
one or more metal wires or threads placed therein and they may have rings of india
rubber inserted therein so as to form capsules having an elastic mouth, or they may
have wires threads strings or ribbons inserted therein in such a manner that the ends
thereof may be left sufficiently long to be used for tieing or securing the capsules or
covers to the bottles jars and other hollow vessels, the mouths or openings of which it
is intended to cover or to capsule.
The hereinbefore described discs capsules covers or covering materials may be
made of any fancy coloured or tinted papers or may be made of other dyed, coloured
or tinted sufficiently absorbent suitable materials fabrics or substances saturated as
herein described with molted white wax or with melted wax nearly free from colour,
and preferably with wax of the character hereinbefore described by which means I
obtain an appearance similar to that of coloured enamel upon the surface of the discs,
capsules, covers or covering material herein described without the employment of
coloured waxes but 1 may nevertheless sometimes use coloured wax instead of white
wax for the purposes described.
I also sometimes stamp or print in colours or otherwise upon the paper or upon the
other sufficiently absorbent suitable materials or substances employed for the purposes
herein described (which paper or other materials or substances may be also coloured
or plain) any letters, figures, words, patterns or devices and I afterwards saturate
the said printed materials or substances with suitable melted wax or other suitable
mixture or composition in the manner herein described. Or sometimes I print stamp
or impress either in relief or otherwise patterns and devices on the paper or other
absorbent material intended to be saturated with wax and sometimes this may be done
after the material is waxed.
The printing on any of the materials fabrics or substances used may be effected by
any of the well known methods including photographic and other cognate processes.
I also sometimes stamp impress or emboss by means of suitable tools or dies
(operated by any of the well known methods) any paper or other suitable materials
or substances used in or about the manufacture or production of stoppers covers
capsules or covering material with letters figures words patterns or devices. If the
material or substances to be thus stamped impressed or embossed for the purposes
described are sufficiently absorbent I sometimes saturate the same with melted wax
or other suitable mixture preparation or composition in the way hereinbefore described
before or after the same are stamped impressed or embossed.
The said letters figures words patterns or devices may be in relief or otherwise and
they may be produced by hand or by any suitable tools machinery and appliances,
and the stamping impressing or embossing may be done either before or after the
covers capsules or covering materials are made into the form desired and in some cases
it may be preferred that the material so stamped impressed or embossed should be so.
treated separately and afterwards fixed to the capsule or cover by the means of suitable
agglutinative material.
Instead of the particular description-of felted materials herein mentioned I some-
times use soft paper preferably of a kind having a long fibre such as some descriptions
of Japanese or Chinese paper.
In some cases for the purposes herein described the material or substance for coating
or saturating any of the materials fabrics or substances herein described or referred to
inay be suitably composed of paraffin wax to which stearine may be added in such
proportion as the nature of the material or the requirements of the user may demand
bearing, in mind that the admixture with stearine tends to soften paraffin wax.

page_text: I sometimes use one part of stearine to three parts of wax, but these proportions may
be varied.
When linen or other fabrics are used coated or saturated with paraffin wax or other
wax I sometimes pass a warm iron over the same or pass the same through suitable
warm metal rolls in order to better distribute the wax upon the said fabric.
"
My invention of the waxed paper or other similar or suitable waxed materials
fabrics or substances herein mentioned for the purposes herein described, in com-
bination with the paper pulp, paper felt, cedar felt, or feltine or with other felted or
sufficiently clastic materials fabrics or substances or with thin sheet metal or metallic
foil or with paper or paper foil or with vegetable parchment, bladder skin or other
more or less waterproof material will constitute and form an effective "Combination
Capsule "Combination cover or covering material or substance for the mouths or
the openings of bottles jars or other hollow vessels. The order, sequence, or arrange-
ment of any of the discs or pieces of tlie waxed or saturated or non-waxed-materials
or substances employed for the purposes herein described may be varied if desired and
I wish it to be clearly understood that I do not necessarily limit the number of the
discs or pieces of any particular material fabric or substance which may be employed
in any combination of discs or pieces for the purposes herein described to the precise
number of dises or pieces, in some cases herein particularly enumerated, nor do I
necessarily limit the method in which some of those materials fabrics or substances
may be applied or used to the particular methods herein set forth or described where
the same may be conveniently varied; and in some cases where I have described the
discs, caps, covers or capsules as being coated, covered, or saturated with wax after
the same have been cut out stamped out or formed, I also wish it to be understood
that the same may be sometimes cut out, stamped out or formed from any suitable
material fabric or substance which has been already previously sufficiently waxed.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. The method of manufacturing covering material for the mouths of bottles jars
and other hollow vessels of waxed paper or other waxed suitable material fabric or
substance in combination with paper pulp, paper felt, cedar felt or feltine or with other
sufficiently soft and elastic material substantially in the method herein described.
2. The method of manufacturing covering material for the mouths of bottles jars
and other hollow vessels of waxed paper or other waxed suitable material fabric or
substance in combination with paper pulp, paper felt, cedar felt, or feltine or other
sufficiently soft and elastic material and also in combination with non-waxed paper of
any suitable description or quality substantially in the method herein described.
3. The method of manufacturing covers and capsules for the moutlis of bottles jars
and other hollow vessels from waxed paper or other waxed suitable material fabric or
substance in combination with paper pulp paper felt cedar felt or feltine or with
other sufficiently soft and elastic material or substance in the manner herein
described.
4. The method of manufacturing covers and capsules for the mouths of bottles jars
and other hollow vessels from waxed paper or other waxed suitable material fabric or
substance in combination with paper pulp, paper felt, cedar felt, or feltine or other
sufliciently soft and clastic material and also in combination with non-waxed paper
of any suitable description or quality substantially in the method herein described.
5. In the construction of covering material, covers or capsules for the purposes
described the use of paper pulp, paper felt, cedar felt or feltine or other suitable felted
material substantially in the manner herein described.
6. In the construction of covers or capsules, or covering material the combination
of one or more discs or pieces of waxed paper with one or more discs or pieces of
paper of any suitable description and with or without paper foil or metallic foil
substantially as and for the purposes herein described.
7. In the construction of covering material the combination of paper pulp, paper

page_text: felt, cedar felt, or feltine, or other suitable felted material, with non-waxed paper,
linen cloth, or other suitable non-waxed material, substantially as and for the purposes
herein described.
8. The coating of the said paper pulp paper felt cedar felt or feltine or other suit-
able material with wax as and for the purposes herein described.
9. The coating or saturating of paper linen or other suitable material with mixtures
of wax and fatty substance (such as paraffin wax with stearine) as and for the purposes
herein described.
10. The combination of such coated or saturated paper linen or other material with
the paper pulp, paper felt, cedar felt or feltine or other suitable felted material sub-
stantially in the manner and for the purposes herein described.
11. In the construction of capsules or covers the combination of one or more dises
or pieces of waxed paper or other waxed material with one or more discs or pieces of
metallic foil substantially as and for the purposes herein described.
12. In the construction of capsules or covers the insertion of a disc or piece of
white or suitably coloured paper (waxed or not) between a disc or piece of the paper
felt, cedar felt, or feltine or other suitable felted material and the disc or piece of
waxed paper or other waxed material as and for the purposes herein described.
13. In the construction of capsules or covers or covering material or as suitablo
packing for hollow covers the combination of one or more discs or pieces of waxed
paper or other suitable waxed material with one or more discs or pieces of metallic
foil and with one or moro discs or pieces of paper pulp, paper felt, cedar felt, or
feltine, or with other suitable felted material substantially as and for the purposes
herein described.
14. In the construction of capsules or covers the employment of one or more
flanged discs formed from paper cardboard or other suitable and sufficiently absorbent
material previously coated or saturated with wax substantially as and for the purposes
herein described.
15. The construction of capsules or covers by the combination of waxed paper or
other waxed suitable material with plain paper, cardboard paper felt or feltine or with
linen or other suitable material or substance substantially as and for the purposes
herein described.
16. The construction of capsules or covers by the combination of waxed paper or
other waxed suitable material with thin sheet metal as and for the purposes herein
described.
17. The construction of capsules or covers by the combination of waxed paper or
other waxed suitable material with thin sheet metal and with non-waxed paper of any
suitable description, with or without the addition of paper pulp, paper felt, cedar felt,
or feltine, or other suitable felted material, as and for the purposes herein described.
18. The construction of capsules or covers by the combination of one or more discs
or pieces of waxed paper or other waxed suitable material with paper foil or with
coloured metallized glazed decorated varnished or oiled paper, with or without tho
addition of paper pulp, paper felt, cedar felt or feltine, or other suitable felted material;
as and for the purposes herein described.
19. In the construction of covers capsules or covering material the combination of
waxed paper or other waxed suitable material with paper pulp paper felt cedar felt or
feltine or other suitable felted material and also with linen cloth or other suitablo
material substantially as and for the purposes herein described.
20. The construction of capsules or covers by the combination of waxed paper or
other waxed suitable material with vegetable parchment or parchment paper used in a
dry state as and for the purposes herein described.
21. The construction of capsules or covers by the combination of one or more discs
or pieces of waxed paper or other waxed suitable material with an outer disc cover or
piece of vegetable parchment the said combined materials being preferably cut out
together and wetted before being applied to the mouths of vessels in a moistened
condition substantially in the manner and for the purposes herein described.
22. The construction of capsules or covers by the combination of one or more discs

page_text: or pieces of waxed paper or other waxed suitable material with an outer disc cover or
piece of bladder, gut, kid or other skin, the combined materials being preferably cut
out together and preferably being wetted before being applied to the mouths of
vessels in a moistened condition substantially in the manner and for the purposes
herein described.
23. The construction of capsules or covers by the combination of one or more discs
or pieces of waxed paper or other waxed suitable material with one or more discs or
pieces of vegetable parchment the said materials being applied separately to the
mouths of vessels, and the said vegetable parchment being used outwardly in a moist
state in the manner and for the purposes herein described.
24. In the construction of the capsules or covers mentioned in the last claim the
forming the said outer disc or piece of vegetable parchment larger than the inner disc
or piece of waxed paper substantially_as_and_for_the_purpose herein described.
25. The construction of capsules or covers by the combination of one or more discs
or pieces of waxed paper or other waxed similar or suitable material with one or
more discs or pieces of bladder gut kid or other skin or with one or more discs or
pieces of suitably stout paper, the material selected being applied separately to the
mouths of vessels and the same except the said waxed paper being used in a moist
state over the said waxed paper or waxed material as and for the purposes herein
described.
26. The construction of capsules or covers by the combination of one or more
bottom discs or pieces of waxed paper or other waxed suitable material with one or
more dises or pieces of one or more of the following materials that is to say:-
suitable paper cardboard metallic or paper foil paper felt cedar felt or feltine or other
_suitable soft or elastic material or fabric and also with an upper disc or piece_of_the
said moistened vegetable parchment bladder gut kid or other skin substantially as and
for the purposes herein described.
27. In the construction of suitable packing for flanged hollow caps or stoppers the
use of one or more dises or pieces of paper pulp paper felt cedar felt or feltine or
other suitable felted material in combination with one or more discs or pieces of
waxed paper or other waxed suitable material as an elastic packing therefor sub-
stantially as and for the purposes herein described.
:
28. In the construction of flanged hollow caps or covers the use of flanged discs of
waxed paper or cardboard inverted in the said hollow caps in combination with the
aforesaid paper pulp paper felt cedar felt or feltine or with other suitable material
substantially as and for the purposes herein described.
29. In the construction of flanged hollow caps or covers the use of pads cr cushions
consisting of a combination of waxed and non-waxed sufficiently elastic materials
and inserted in such hollow cap or cover substantially as and for the purposes
described.
30. The construction of covers or capsules from flanged discs of waxed paper
cardboard or other suitable materials the outer side of which is coated with varnish,
pitch or other suitable waterproof composition substantially as and for the purposes
herein described.
31. The construction of covers or capsules by means of the combination of waxed
paper or oilier similar waxed material with thin gutta percha or thin india rubber
or other suitable waterproof material substantially as and for the purposes herein
described.
32. The use in the manner described of waxed paper waxed cardboard or other
suitable waxed material as a covering for the contents of jars or hollow vessels of the
like kind.
33. In capsules, covers, and covering material, the waxing with melted white wax
or with wax nearly free from colour of coloured papers or other suitable coloured
materials substantially as and for the purposes herein described.
34. In capsules, covers, and covering materials, the use of coloured suitable wax as
and for the purposes herein described.
35. In capsules, covers, and covering materials, the method of printing upon suitable

page_text: sufficiently absorbent paper or other material and of afterwards coating such paper
or other material with wax substantially as and for the purposes herein described.
36. In capsules, covers, and covering materials, the method of stamping in relief
on suitable sufficiently absorbent paper or other material which paper or material
is afterwards coated with wax substantially as and for the purposes herein described.
37. In the construction of capsules or covers or covering materials the use of
sufficiently soft Japanese or Chinese paper or other soft paper having a long fibro
in place of the aforesaid paper pulp paper felt cedar felt or feltine as and for the
purposes herein described.
38. The stamping or embossing in relief or otherwise of waxed paper or other
waxed suitable material in combination with one or more upper discs or pieces of
plain, coloured, decorated, fancy, or chemically prepared paper paper foil linen cloth
or other suitable material substantially as and for the purposes herein described.
39. The stamping or embossing in relief or otherwise of waxed paper or other
waxed suitable material in combination with one or more upper dises or pieces of thin
sheet metal or metal foil substantially as and for the purposes herein described.
TYL: an L...
T
1000
EDWARDS & Co.,
35, Southampton Buildings, London,
Agents for the Inventor.
EDWARDS & Co.,
35, Southampton Buildings, London,
Agents for the Inventor.