IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR DRESSING METALLIC HINGES.”
Year: 1873

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Enoch Sarjeant, of Balsall Heath, in the County
of Worcester, Metal Worker, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS
IN MACHINERY FOR DRESSING METALLIC HINGES.”
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Enoch Sarjeant at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 16th October 1873.
I, ENOCH SARJEANT, of Balsall Heath, in the County of Worcester,
Metal Worker, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR DRESSING METALLIC HINGES," to be as
follows:-
My Invention consists of the improvements herein-after described in
machinery for holding the hinge during the dressing of the faces of tho
flaps, the curved surfaces of the knuckles, and the edges of the flaps,
and also of the improvements herein-after described in the construction
of the rotating cutters used for dressing the faces, knuckles, and edges
of the flaps of hinges.

page_text: As a preliminary treatment, and for the purpose of facilitating the
holding of the hinge to be operated upon, I bevil the longer edges of the
flaps on their inner face. This I effect by fixing the jointed open hinge
with its inner or knuckle face downwards on an upright support,
somewhat narrower than the open hinge. The hinge is pressed down-
wards and held on the said support by a weighted lever. A spindle
passes through an opening in the said support and carries two disc-like
cutters, their acting faces having the inclination which it is required to
give to the longer edges of the hinge. By the rotation of the cutters,
and the travelling of the hinge against them, the edges of the hinge are
bevilled as required. The open hinge is now ready to be operated upon
for the purpose of dressing one of the inner faces and half the knuckles
of the hinge. For this purpose I employ a holder, in which the hinge
is fixed with one of its bevil edges in a corresponding bevil in the holder.
A weighted lever jointed to the holder presses against one of the flaps
and the upper side of the knuckles, and by its pressure and the engage-
ment of the bevil edge of the other flap the hinge to be opcrated upon
is firmly secured to the holder. The said holder travels or slides on a
dovetail, by which motion the hinge is brought against a rotating cutter
having the figure proper to operate upon, and dress one of the flaps and
one-half of the knuckles. By the motion of the holder all parts of the
sides of the hinge being operated upon are brought under the action of
the cutter. By reversing the hinge the other flap and half of the
knuckles may be similarly operated upon.
The inner face of the hinge having been dressed the hinge is closed
and is fixed in its closed position by means of a weighted lever on a
sliding support, which support brings it under the operation of a
rotating cutter, by which its three square edges are in succession dressed.
The closed hinge is finally fixed in a holder, by which the outer part of
the knuckles is exposed. The hinge is carried by this holder under a
rotating cutter, by which the outer part of the knuckles is dressed.
My improvements in constructing the rotating cutters for dressing
hinges are as follows:- -I divide the flat face of the cutters into a series
of divisions by means of grooves, either radial or concentric with the
axis of the cutter, by which means a more even cutting edge can be
obtained than in cutters of the ordinary construction.
The cutters, by which the curved surfaces of the knuckles are to be
dressed, I make in several parts for the purpose of facilitating the

page_text: original manufacture and the subsequent keeping in order of the said
cutters. For example I make the cutter, by which the back of the
knuckles is operated upon, in three parts, that is, of a middle part and
two outer parts, the said three parts when fixed together on a rotating
axis constituting a cutter, the cutting surface of which has the figure of
a groove, semicircular in cross section.
The cutter for operating apon the inner face of the flap and part of
the knuckles of the hinge I make of a conical figure, the base of the
cone being made into the cutting surface for operating upon the face of
the flap, and the edge of the base of the cone being made into the
cutting surface for operating upon part of the knuckles. The said
conical cutter is fixed in a conical bed or socket by means of the
screwed end of the axis or spindle, by which rotation is given to the
cutter.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Enoch Sarjeant in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 13th April 1874.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, ENOCH
SARJEANT, of Balsall Heath, in the County of Worcester, Metal Worker,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Sixteenth day of October, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-three, in the
thirty-seventh year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and suc-
cessors, give and grant unto me, the said Enoch Sarjeant, Her special
license that I, the said Enoch Sarjeant, my executors, administrators,
and assigns, or such others as I, the said Enoch Sarjeant, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no
others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term.
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN

page_text: MACHINERY FOR DRESSING METALLIC HINGES," upon the condition (amongst
others) that I, the said Enoch Sarjeant, my executors or administrators,
by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands
and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the
said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed,
and cause the same to be filed in the Great Scal Patent Office within
six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said
Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Enoch Sarjeant, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be:
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement thereof, that is to say :-
My Invention consists of the improvements herein-after described in
machinery for holding the hinge during the dressing of the faces of the
flaps, the curved surfaces of the knuckles, and the edges of the flaps, and
also of the improvements herein-after described in the construction of the
rotating cutters used for dressing the faces, knuckles, and edges of the
flaps of hinges.
As a preliminary treatment and for the purpose of facilitating the
holding of the hinge to be operated upon I bevil the longer edges of the
flaps on their inner face. This I effect by fixing the jointed open hinge
with its inner or knuckle face downwards on an upright support some-
what narrower than the open hinge. The hinge is pressed downwards
and held on the said support by a weighted lever or by a lever held
down by a catch. A spindle passes through an opening in the said
support and carries two disk-like cutters, their acting faces having the
inclination which it is required to give to the longer edges of the hinge.
By the rotation of the cutters and the travelling of the hinge against
them the edges of the hinge are bevilled as required. The open hinge
is now ready to be operated upon for the purpose of dressing one of tho
inner faces and half the knuckles of the hinge. For this purpose I
employ a holder in which the hinge is fixed with its bevil edges in
corresponding bevils in the holder. A weighted lever jointed to the
holder presses against one of the flaps and the upper side of the
knuckles, and by its pressure and the engagement of the bevil edge of
the other flap the hinge to be operated upon is firmly secured to the
holder. The said holder travels or slides on a dovetail, by which motion

page_text: the hinge is brought against a rotating cutter having the figure proper to
operate upon and dress one of the flaps and one-half of the knuckles.
By the motion of the holder all parts of the sides of the hinge being
operated upon are brought under the action of the cutter. By reversing
the hinge the other flap and half of the knuckles may be similarly
operated upon.
The inner face of the hinge having been dressed the hinge is closed
and is fixed in its closed position by means of a weighted lever on a
sliding support, which support brings it under the operation of a
rotating cutter by which its three square edges are in succession dressed.
The closed hinge is finally fixed in a holder by which the outer part of
the knuckles is exposed. The hinge is carried by this holder under a
rotating cutter by which the outer part of the knuckles is dressed.
My improvements in constructing the rotating cutters for dressing
hinges are as follows:-I divide the flat face of the cutters into a series
of divisions by means of grooves either radial or cencentric with the axis
of the cutter, by which means a more even cutting edge can be obtained
than in cutters of the ordinary construction.
The cutters by which the curved surfaces of the knuckles are to be
dressed I make in several parts for the purpose of facilitating the
original manufacture and the subsequent keeping in working order of
the said cutters. For example I make the cutter by which the back of the
knuckles is operated upon in three parts, that is, of a middle part and
two outer parts, the said three parts when fixed together on a rotating
axis constituting a cutter, the cutting surface of which has the figure of
a groove semicircular in cross section, or the cutter may be made in
halves, the said halves meeting at the middle of the semicircular
groove.
The cutter for operating upon the inner face of the flap and part of
the knuckles of the hinge I make of a conical figure, the base of the
cone being made into the cutting surface for operating upon the face of
the flap, and the edge of the base of the cone being made into the
cutting surface for operating upon part of the knuckles. The said
conical cutter is fixed in a conical bed or socket by means of the screwed
end of the axis or spindle by which rotation is given to the cutter. The
base of the bed or socket which receives the conical cutter may be made
into a cutting surface to operate upon part of the knuckles.

page_text: Having explained the nature of my Invention I will proceed to
describe, with reference to the accompanying Drawings the manner in
which the same is performed.
Figure 1 represents in side elevation, Figure 2, in plan, and
Figure 3, in cross section, the holding and cutting mechanism which I
employ for bevilling or chamfering the longer edges of the hinge for
facilitating the holding of the hinge during the subsequent operation of
dressing the said hinge.
screw.
The holder consists of an upright support or bed a somewhat narrower
than the open hinge to be bevilled. The said support or bed a is
carried by a horizontal sliding table, the said table also being capable of
a rising and falling motion. The said table may slide upon a dovetail,
and be worked by a screw after the manner in which the rest of a lathe
is worked, and the rising and falling motion of the table may be effected
by causing it to work between vertical guides by the action of a vertical
I do not however limit myself to any particular way of giving
the required sliding and rising and falling motions to the table carrying
the bed or support a. In the die part a² of the bed a is a longitudinal
semi-cylindrical depression to receive the knuckles of the hinge.
Jointed at b² to the end of the support or bed a is a jaw 6 having on its
acting or under face a holding die ³. The said jaw is capable of
b
being raised from and shut down upon the upper face of the bed a.
When shut down the jaw b is held upon the support or bed a by the
short arm or catch c turning on the centre c². The open hinge marked d
with its inner or knuckle face downwards, being placed on the lower
die a² of the bed a the jaw 6 is shut down upon it. The arm or catch c³
is then moved from the position indicated in dotted lines in Figure 2 to
that represented in continuous lines, so as to cause its inner or acting
end to engage over or pass on to the lip or reduced part 6 of the jaw b,
when the said jaw is held firmly in its place and the hinge d pressed
downwards and effectually held on the bed or support a.
The longer
edges of the hinge d thus fixed on the bed a project from the said bcd
in the manner represented in Figure 2, and the said projecting edges
are bevilled or chamfered by the operation of the pair of disc-like
cutters e, e, the toothed or serrated faces of which have the inclination
represented in the Drawing. The said disc-like cutters e, e, are carried
upon the horizontal spindle f, which spindle passes through the
opening a³ in the bed or support a, Rotatory motion is communicated

page_text: to the spindle f carrying the cutters e, e, by a pulley and driving band
or by other convenient gearing. After the open hinge & has been
secured on the bed a the said bed is lowered by the lowering of the
table, so as to bring the projecting edges of the said hinge within the
range of the cutters e, e, (see Figure 3). The position of the bed a
having been thus adjusted a sliding or traversing motion is given to the
table carrying the bed a, and the hinge is thereby carried against the
rotating cutters e, e, and its longer edges bevilled or chamfered by
the operation of the said cutters. The hinge is now removed from the
bed, after lifting the lever or jaw b and another put in its place and the
operations described are repeated.
Figure 4 represents in plan and edge view, the hinge drawn to a
larger scale after its longer edges have been bevilled or chamfered, as
described.
Figure 5 represents in front elevation, and Figure 6 in side elevation,
the holder in which the hinge is held, while the inner faces of its flaps
and knuckles are dressed. a is the holder carried by a sliding or
travelling table working on a dovetail on the bed of the machine. In
the front vertical face of the holder a is a dovetail recess 6 roughened at
its back. In this recess the open hinge c with its knuckle side outwards
is introduced by a sliding motion, the bevilled or chamfered edges of the
hinge fitting closely in the bevilled edges of the recess b, as represented.
The position of the hinge in the recess b in the holder a is determined'
by the stop à (sec Figure 5). Jointed at c² to the top of the holder a is
a weighted lever e, the short arm e³ of which when the said lever is
depressed into the position represented presses against one of the flaps of
the hinge c and the upper side of the knuckles of the hinge, and by its
pressure and the engagement of the bevilled edges of the flaps with the
dovetail recess 6 in the holder the hinge is firmly secured in the said
holder. fis the rotatory cutter having the form represented for dressing
the hinge. After the hinge has been secured in the holder a a sliding
or traversing motion is given to the table carrying the said holder a,
whereby the hinge in the said holder is brought against the rotating
cutter f, and one of the flaps and one half of the knuckles of the hinge
are dressed by the action of the said cutter upon them.
By lifting the weighted lever e into the position indicated in dotted
lines in Figure 6 the hinge c is released and may be removed from the

page_text: holder a by a lateral motion, and the said hinge reversed and again
held in the holder by the weighted lever and brought under the
operation of the rotating cutter f, so as to dress the other flap and half
of the knuckles. All parts of the inner sides of the hinge are thereby
dressed.
Figure 7 represents in side elevation, and Figure 8 in front elevation,
a modification of the holder last described. In this modification the
upper half of the dovetail recess, which receives the open hinge, is
inclined to the bottom half, and the weighted lever is differently jointed
and shaped from that already described; but the action is the same,
and the parts are marked with the same letters of reference.
I do not limit myself to the shape of the recess in the vertical face
of the holder to receive the open hinge, as the shape of the said recess
may be varied. For example, the edges of the said recess may be V
shaped, or of other angular or projecting figure, the longer edges of
the hinge having a corresponding figure; neither do I limit myself to
holding the hinge by the edge only, as a rib or projection may be made
upon the faces of the flaps to engage in the holder. The holding parts
of the hinge may be made upon it by the casting process, or by
stamping or pressing.
Figure 9 represents in front elevation, Figure 10 in side elevation,
and Figures 11 and 12 in vertical section, the holder which I employ
for holding the hinge while its edges are dressed square or flat.
In Figures 9, 10, and 11, the longer edges of the closed hinge are
represented being dressed, and in Figure 12 one of the ends or short,
edges of the said closed hinge. This holder consists of a bed or
support a, having a sliding or traversing motion similar to the holders
herein-before described. The horizontal face or part of the bed or
support a has a recess c in it of such a figure that the closed hinge d
can be placed in it, either with its longer edges parallel with and
projecting from the front face of the holder, as in Figures 9, 10,
and 11, or with one of its short ends or edges in a similar position, as
in Figure 12. The closed hinge dis held in its place in the recess c
in the bed a by the horizontal part or holding face e of the weighted
lever f, the said weighted lever being jointed to the bed a at f*; his
the rotating cutter for dressing the edges of the hinge. The inner
faces and knuckles of the hinge having been dressed by the use of the

page_text: apparatus last described, and represented in Figures 5 and 6, or 7
and 8, the hinge is closed and placed in the recess c of the bed and
against the stop i in the position represented in Figures 9, 10, and 11,
and fixed on the said bed a by the weighted lever f. By giving to the
bed or support a a [sliding motion the bevilled longer edges of the
hinged carried by it are brought under the operation of the flat acting
face of the rotating cutter h, and the said edges are thereby dressed
square or flat. The partly dressed hinge is now released from the
holder a by lifting the weighted lever fand placed in the recess c in
the bed a at right angles to its former position, so as to cause one of
its short ends or edges to be exposed, as illustrated in Figure 12, the
opposite end or edge abutting against the inner end of the recess c in
the bed a. By the sliding of the bed a and the operation of the
cutter the exposed end of the hinge is dressed square or flat, and in
a similar way the opposite end of the hinge is dressed square or flat.
The three edges of the hinge are thus in succession dressed.
Figure 13 represents in end elevation, Figure 14 in side elevation,
Figure 15 in section, and Figure 16 in plan, the holder which I use
for holding the hinge while the outer part of the knuckles is dressed.
Figure 17 represents a part of the holder drawn to a larger scale.
This holder consists of a support a carried by a sliding or travelling
table, as before described; the said support being provided with a fixed
jaw b and a sliding or moveable jaw c, between which the closed hinge d
is held. The said sliding jaw c is worked by the screw e, having at
its outer end a hand wheelf; g is the rotating cutter for dressing the
outer part of the knuckles, the said cutter having the form represented.
The screw e being withdrawn the closed hinge d can be dropped
between the two jaws c, b, so as to expose the outer part of the knuckles
of the hinge. By driving home the screw e the moveable jaw c is
advanced and the hinge firmly gripped between it and the fixed jaw b,
as represented. The hinge is then carried in the holder under the
rotating cutter g, by the action of which the outer part of the knuckles
is dressed.
Figure 18 represents a hinge after it has been dressed in the manner

page_text: divided by a series of concentric grooves, and the flat face of the
cutter, Figure 20, by a series of radial grooves, into a series of divisions.
On the raised parts of the faces of the cutters the teeth or cutting
cut very readily, and a very uniform cutting edge
surfaces are
obtained.
Figure 21 represents in side elevation and front elevation the pair of
cutters, drawn to a large scale, used for bevilling or chamfering the
longer edges of the hinges; Figure 22 represents the parts of which
each cutter is made up; and Figure 23 represents a cutter made by
connecting together the two parts represented in Figure 22. Each
cutter is composed of the parts a and b. The part a consists of a
bevilled disc provided with cutting teeth and having at its back a shank
a²; and the part 6 consists of a hollow disc or socket to receive the
shank a² of the part a. On the flat edge of the hollow disc or socket
part b, cutting teeth are made to form a continuation of the cutting
surface of the cutter or part a. The parts of each compound cutter are
secured together on the rotating spindle in the manner shown in Figure
21, the two cutters being separated the required distance apart by a
packing piece.
Figure 24 represents a cutter for dressing the inner face of the flaps
and part of the knuckles of hinges constructed according to my In-
vention; and Figure 25 represents the parts of which the cutter is
composed. This cutter is composed of two parts c, d. The part c has
a conical figure and fits into the socket d³ of the part d. The face and
periphery of the part c are made into cutting surfaces, and the base ď³
of the bed or socket d³ is also made into a cutting surface, which cutting
part d³, when the part c is fixed in the bed or socket part d³ forms a
portion of the curved cutting surface of the said cutter. The conical
part c of the cutter being placed in the conical socket or bed d³, the
screwed end e³ of the spindle e is screwed into the hollow screw c³-in the
conical part c, when the two parts of the cutter are securely connected
together and to the spindle e as represented in Figure 24.
Figure 26 represents a cutter for dressing the back of the knuckles
constructed according to my Invention, and Figure 27 represents the
parts of which the said cutter is composed. This cutter consists of a
middle part fand two outer parts g, h. In connecting the parts f, g, h,
together the part g is first placed on the screwed end e³ of the spindle e
and against the collar i; the middle part f is next placed on the spindle

page_text: and afterwards the part h. By means of a screw nut k screwed on the
screwed end of the spindle e, the three parts f, g, h, are securely bound
together and connected to the spindle, and a cutter of the kind repre-
sented in Figure 26 thereby formed. Or this cutter may be made of
two parts instead of three parts. In this case the halves of the cutter
meet at the centre of the cutter instead of on either side a middle
piece.
Having now described the nature of my Invention and the manner
in which the same is to be performed, I wish it to be understood that I
do not limit myself to the precise details herein-described and illus-
trated as the same may be varied without departing from the nature of
my Invention, but I claim as my Invention of improvements in
machinery for dressing metallic hinges,-
First. The construction and arrangement of the parts of the holder
herein-before described and illustrated in Figures 1, 2, and 3, of the
accompanying Drawings for holding the open hinge while its longer
edges are being bevilled or chamfered for the purpose described, and also
the combination with the said holder of the pair of cutters described
and represented for effecting the said bevilling or chamfering.
Secondly. The construction and arrangement of the parts of the
holder herein-before described and illustrated in Figures 5, 6, 7, and 8,
of the accompanying Drawings for holding the hinge while its inner
faces and knuckles are dressed.
Thirdly. The construction and arrangement of the parts of the
holder herein-before described and illustrated in Figures 9, 10, 11, and
12, of the accompanying Drawings for holding the hinge while its three
square edges are dressed.
Fourthly. The construction and arrangement of the parts of the holder
herein-before described and illustrated in Figures 13, 14, 15, 16, and 17,
of the accompanying Drawings for holding the hinge while the outer
part of its knuckles is dressed.
Fifthly. Constructing the flat faces of cutters used for dressing hinges
in the manner herein-before described and illustrated in Figures 19 and
20 of the accompanying Drawings.
Lastly. Making the cutters used for bevilling the edges of hinges and
for dressing hinges in several parts, substantially as herein-before

page_text: described and illustrated in Figures 21 to 27, both inclusive, of the
accompanying Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said Enoch Sarjeant, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Eighth day of April, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-four.
Witness,
RICHARD SKERRETT,
Clerk to George Shaw,
Birmingham.
ENOCH SARJEANT. (L.s.)