matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN BRICK MOULDS AS APPLICABLE TO BRICK MACHINERY
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Joseph Reveley Humes
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 29th May 1869.-A communication from abroad by George
Scott, of 1044, Loyal Street, Richmond, United States of America.
I, JOHN JOSEPH REVELEY HUMES, of 28, Adolphus Street, Deptford,
in the County of Kent, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN BRICK MOULDS AS APPLICABLE TO BRICK
MACHINERY," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to a peculiar construction of brick moulds,
whereby the adhesion of the bricks to the moulds is prevented when
moulded under pressure, and the air and water in the brick more or less
extracted. For this purpose the plunger or pistons are faced with
porous wood, the said wood being cut across the pores or grain, and
arranged so that the pores are presented endwise to the brick space of
the mould. The sides and ends of the moulds may or may not be faced
with wood presenting the pores or end grain to the brick. The plungers
or pistons and sides of moulds faced with wood, as described, are backed
with metal or cement, such as brimstone, iron borings, or other non-

page_text: porous material, to prevent the passage of the air and water through
the pores of the wood, the air and water being driven into the said pores
under pressure, which on the removal of the pressure is by the expansion
of the compressed air forced back through the pores on to the surfaces
of the brick, thereby freeing it from the moulds and preventing any and
all adhesion to the surfaces of the moulds.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF HEELS FOR BOOTS AND SHOES
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Tatlow Ramshill at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
4th August 1869.
I, WILLIAM TATLOW RAMSHILL, of Abinger Road, Deptford, in the
County of Kent, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF HEELS FOR BOOTS AND
SHOES," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to that class of heels commonly known as rotary
heels, and consists in attaching to the inner sole, or to an additional.
piece fastened thereon a flanged ring which bears upon and holds in
position a larger flanged ring which forms the wearing portion of
the heel. The central space is filled up with a plug of wood or other
material and forms a perfectly flush bottom with the edge of the larger
ring. The plug may be a fixture or may be made to turn with the ring
if desired.
An important feature in this Invention is that leather is entirely
dispensed with in the formation or building up of the heel.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF IRON AND STEEL TUBES
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Josiah Latimer Clark and John
Brotherton at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 18th May 1869.
We, JOSIAH LATIMER CLARK, of Westminster, in the County of
Middlesex, Civil Engineer, and JOHN BROTHERTON, of Wolverhampton,
in the County of Stafford, Tube Manufacturer, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF
IRON AND STEEL TUBES," to be as follows, that is to say :-
Our improvements relate to the manufacture of iron and steel tubes,
such as are employed in the construction of telegraph posts, or standards
for boiler tubes, and other purposes where great strength or rigidity of
the same is required. In forming such tubes we take a strip of iron or
steel and bend it into a skelp of a suitable form on a bending machine,
and then pass it through rolls of suitable section and with or without a
mandril or core, or through draw tongs for the purpose of producing one,
two, or any required number of longitudinal flanges or ribs upon the
tube, the two meeting edges being welded in the process so as to form
one of such flanges or ribs. The tubes may be rolled or drawn either

page_text: parallel sided or taper in their length, according to their intended use.
The tubes produced, as described, are thus formed from single strips or
skelps of metal. In joining such tubes together we rivet or shrink on
to one length a socket or collar of suitable size for receiving within it
the second length, but in order to introduce the second length the collar
is expanded by fire, and the other length is introduced cold; when both
have cooled they will be firmly united.
IMPROVEMENTS IN WATERPROOF COATS AND LEGGINGS
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Reid at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 2nd October
1869.
I, JOHN REID, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North Britain,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS
IN WATERPROOF COATS AND LEGGINGS," to be as follows, that is to say:→
This Invention, which relates to improvements in waterproof coats and
leggings, consists, firstly, in forming the extremity of the coat sleeve next
the hand of the wearer with an opening or cut in it so that it overlaps for
a short distance up the arm, and when in use this overlapping portion is
secured by one or more buttons, hooks, loops, or other convenient means.
The effect of this mode of making the sleeve is that when in use the
sleeve fits closer to the arm of the wearer and less rain passes in between
the sleeve and the wrist of the wearer, in contradistinction to the usual
mode of forming the sleeve loose and open.
The second part of this Invention consists in forming a lateral opening.
in the lower extremity of leggings next the feet of the wearer that the.
two sides overlap for a short distance, the overlapping portion being
secured as set forth in reference to the coat sleeves. The effect of this

page_text: mode of making the leggings is that a much neater fit is secured, the
overlapping portion being adjustable, whilst at the same time any rain
or moisture is prevented from entering between the legging and the
boot of the wearer, and the impediment in walking by the two leggings
rubbing against each other is considerably less than what occurs under 5
the ordinary forms of leggings.
It is to be understood that the improved leggings can be worn either
with or without straps passing from them under the foot of the wearer.
IMPROVEMENTS IN TOWING WITH SUNK CHAINS, APPLICABLE TO THE NAVIGATION ON ALL RIVERS AND STREAMS OF WATER OF WHATEVER DEPTH, AND IN APPARATUS IN CONNECTION THEREWITH
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Barthelemy Picard at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 21st
April 1869.
I, BARTHELEMY PICARD, of Ivry, in the Department of the Seine,
in the French Empire, Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN TOWING WITH SUNK CHAINS, APPLICABLE
TO THE NAVIGATION ON ALL RIVERS AND STREAMS OF WATER OF WHATEVER DEPTH,
AND IN APPARATUS IN CONNECTION THEREWITH," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to admit of the navigation of shallow
rivers, canals, or other watercourses by means of flat bottomed steam
tugs or tow boats, working by means of a tow chain sunk in the bed of
the river or other water, as the case may be.
The tug is constructed simply for carrying its fuel, mooring ropes, and
spare stores, and constitutes the locomotive of the train, consisting of a
number of vessels of a uniform and very light build, and greater in
length than breadth so as to draw as little water as possible, exceeding
that of the tug only by a few inches. The tow chain is either wound by
a windlass or is passed over pullies arranged in an opening in the centre

page_text: of the bottom of the tug, from whence it drops to the bed of the river,
the point of action of the tractive power being the water level. The
chain is conducted to the pullies by means of rollers, regulating its
delivery according to the direction in which it is desired to move the
tug, and augmenting the surface of contact of the chain and windlass,
and so preventing the twisting of the chain, which latter in conjunction
with the pullies and pumps are worked by means of an expansive and
condensing engine of about twenty horse-power. If it is desired to make
use of the same chain for tugging two vessels in opposite directions
the axis of the windlass is removed to give passage to the chain. For
tugs of greater power a windlass is employed composed of a number
of drums, on which the chain is wound. To avoid a standstill during
the low ebbs the tug and boats are furnished with a system of rollers
at the head and stern, and readily worked. These act as fulcrums
on the bed of the river, and on which the train of boats roll. This
does not interfere with the action of the chain, which in this case is not
raised so high.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF AND THE MEANS FOR SUPPLYING INLAND TOWNS WITH PURE SALT SEA WATER FOR BATHING AND OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Rae and James Wright
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on
the 23rd December 1869.
We, JAMES RAE and JAMES WRIGHT, both of 12, Copthall Court,
City of London, Civil Engineers, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF AND THE MEANS FOR
SUPPLYING INLAND TOWNS WITH PURE SALT SEA WATER FOR BATHING AND OTHER
PURPOSES," to be as follows, that is to say:-
We propose to make use of barges made of galvanized iron or iron
lined with wood, or zinc, or lead, or india-rubber, fitted with proper sea
water cocks and sluice valves, with compartments if necessary; these
barges are taken out to sea where pure salt sea water can be obtained,
and being filled are towed back by steamers or other means to proper
landing stations, when the water is delivered by suitable means into
tanks or other reservoirs, or direct into pipes to be conveyed to baths,
houses, or other receptacles. When not distributed by pipes I propose
to do this by means of suitably constructed water carts having all the
necessary appliances for easy discharge and quick delivery at the various
houses in the different streets of the town.
IMPROVEMENTS FOR UTILIZING WASTE STRIPS OF INDIA-RUBBER
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Archibald Turner at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 1st July
1869.
I, ARCHIBALD TURNER, of Leicester, Elastic Web Manufacturer, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
FOR UTILIZING WASTE STRIPS OF INDIA-RUBBER," to be as follows:-
The object of the present Invention is to utilize the waste strips of
rubber which are cut off from the edges of sheet rubber after being
wound on the cylinder and previous to commencing to cut the sheet
into threads.
The ordinary way of producing rubber thread is, first, to make a
sheet of the required thickness, and any convenient width, and when
this has been carefully wound on a cylinder or roller a narrow strip is
first cut off so as to present a perfectly straight and even edge, to
commence cutting the sheet of rubber from the top to the bottom.
The cutting operation is usually effected by means of a single knife or
cutting instrument which is made to bear against the roll of rubber,
and as the latter rotates the knife or cutting instrument is forced slowly
forward against the roll of rubber, and a single thread is thus cut off from
the edge of the rolled up sheet. This is repeated until all the sheet is

page_text: cut up into single threads with the exception of the narrow strip first
cut off, and a similar narrow strip at the opposite end of the roll. These
strips have hitherto been considered as waste, and have either been
reduced to a plastic state and reconverted into any common article
made of rubber, or have been sold at a very low price and used for
various purposes.
In carrying out my Invention I take the waste strips above men-
tioned and wind them singly on a bobbin from which when the bobbin
is placed in the cutting machine the the strip is unrolled and brought
under the action of a series of circular cutters, which are mounted on a
spindle and are driven at a high speed. The knives or cutting
instruments are kept wet, and as the strip is fed forward it is by the
rapid rotation of the cutters divided up into separate threads, the number
depending upon the width of the strip, and these threads, are drawn
forward by suitable pressure rollers. The threads so obtained will be
produced at a much lower cost than ordinary rubber thread, and may be
used for making elastic cords in the usual manner instead of using
the ordinary expensive rubber thread, as is now the case.
Ar IMPROVEMENT IN POWER Looms
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Edward Gedge at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 12th January 1869.-A communication from abroad by Jean
Chrisostome Desumeur, of Guise, France, Founder, and Maxime
Leclère, of Sains, France, Weaver.
I, WILLIAM EDWARD GEDGE, of the Firm of John Gedge and Son, of
No. 11, Wellington Street, Strand, in the County of Middlesex, Patent
Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "Ar
IMPROVEMENT IN POWER Looms," a communication to me from abroad by
Jean Chrisostome Desumeur, of Guise, France, Founder, and Maxime
Leclère, of Sains, France, Weaver, to be as follows:-
The improvement the subject of this Invention consists in the
application of a moveable rotary tappet ("buttoir") with single or
double hinged stop pieces for preventing milling ("la drapée") in
power loom weaving.
On the accompanying Sheet of Drawing forming part of this Pro -
visional Specification Fig. 1 is a plan view of this improved mechanism,
Fig. 3 a side view of same, and Figures 3, 4, and 5 detached pieces;

page_text: A indicating the shaft of the tappets C, C'; B, tail of the tappet C;
C, fixed tappet brought into action by the shuttle, which comes against
the tail B of the fixed tappet; D, tail of the moveable rotary tappet,
also brought into action during the passage of the shuttle and lifting
the tappet C. These tappets therefore execute alternately the same 5
movements. E, F, hinged stops moved by the lever G, the lower
part G of which is extended to the driving shaft, this latter being
pushed by an eccentric e itself fixed to a bearing e'. This lever has its
fulcrum at n, and the upper part passes between the two ears r,r; it
moves the hinged stop pieces alternately. n, n', support fixed to the 1
framing; h, semicircular lever fixed to the batten, and each end of
which rests upon one of the tappets; the object of this arrangement is
to prevent the introduction of two shuttles together.
A NEW OR IMPROVED APPARATUS TO BE EMPLOYED IN PUTTING ON OR TAKING OFF BOOTS OR SHOES
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Henry Teale at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 7th April
1869.
I, JOHN HENRY TEALE, of No. 6, Russell Place, Woodhouse Lane,
Leeds, in the County of York, Salesman for a Machinist, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "A NEW OR IMPROVED
APPARATUS TO BE EMPLOYED IN PUTTING ON OR TAKING OFF BOOTS OR SHOES," to
be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to afford a ready and simple means of
putting on and taking off boots and shoes.
The Invention consists in constructing an apparatus having a metallic
or wooden foundation or bottom of any suitable form or dimensions. On
this foundation or bottom two upright standards or brackets of metal are
fixed, the hinder one of which has a forked lever attached to it for the
purpose of holding the boot or shoe in position for putting on or taking
off. From these brackets or standards two or more pegs protrude for the

page_text: purpose of being inserted into the straps at the back and front of the
boot or shoe to hold the boot or shoe in a position for being put on or
taken off. By this means whilst the boot or shoc is held by the straps
and pegs and by the forked lever the foot may be very readily inserted
or withdrawn whilst the person is in an upright position.
IMPROVEMENTS IN DESICCATING AND PRESERVING MEAT AND OTHER ORGANIC SUBSTANCES
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Hector Auguste Dufrené at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
.
the 10th May 1869.-A communication from Charles Tellier,
residing at Passy, Paris, in the Empire of France.
I, HECTOR AUGUSTE DUFRENÉ, of No. 10, Rue de la Fidélité, Paris,
in the Empire of France, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN DESICCATING AND PRESERVING
MEAT AND OTHER ORGANIC SUBSTANCES," to be as follows, that is to say :-
This Invention consists in a process for desiccating meat and other
organic substances, and is as follows:-I place the substances to be
treated in a receiver kept in a hot water bath at a suitable temperature.
I form a vacuum in the receiver. The vapours disengaged from the
substance to be desiccated are dissolved by an absorbing agent placed in
the apparatus, or are liquefied in a condenser suitably placed. The
desiccation is then effected with the air excluded.
When meat is to be treated the preservation is completed by means of the
fat, which is employed in the following manner :-The temperature of the
fat meat is raised to about one hundred and twenty-two degrees Fahren-
heit, the aft of the meat melts and covers the meat; when the desiccation

page_text: is sufficient the air is allowed to enter, which, forcing the melted fat to
enter the pores of the meat, closes them and prevents the introduction
of air into the said pores, consequently increasing the preservative action
commenced by the desiccation.
When glue or other similar organic substance is to be treated it is
placed under the action of a current of air kept at about sixty degrees
Fahrenheit and dried by its passage through chloride of calcium or other
drying agents.
The operation can be carried out in all weathers and an excellent
product be obtained.
AN IMPROVED AGENT FOR FINING AND CLARIFYING ALE AND OTHER FERMENTED LIQUORS
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Valters at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 24th
August 1869.
I, JAMES VALTERS, of Great Dunmow, in the County of Essex,
Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN
IMPROVED AGENT FOR FINING AND CLARIFYING ALE AND OTHER FERMENTED
LIQUORS," to be as follows:-
My agent is manufactured by steeping isinglass in sulphuric acid and
water. I then agitate the mixture, adding more water when needful.
When the isinglass is dissolved I add lime to effect the neutralization of
the acid to the required degree. The composition is then strained and
a small quantity of hop essence or hop pollen is added.
IMPROVEMENTS IN FRET CUTTING OR SAWING MACHINES
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Henry Thick at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
16th April 1869.
I, WILLIAM HENRY THICK, of Kentish Town, in the County of
Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN FRET CUTTING OR SAWING MACHINES," to be as
follows:-
In fret cutting or sawing machines as usually constructed a vertical
saw which passes through the bench or work table is held at its upper
and lower ends in jaws, and receives an up-and-down movement from a
treadle. In some cases springs have been applied to the upper and
lower jaws, which springs are acted upon by the downward movement
of the treadle so as to give a power for lifting the treadle and saw when
the pressure of the foot is removed. But the motion obtained directly
from the treadle is necessarily slow, and my Invention is chiefly
intended to afford means of imparting increased speed to the saw.
My first arrangement for effecting this object consists in leading a
cord from the treadle to a horizontal roller or pulley, round which it is

page_text: passed several times, and in then leading it to the lower saw jaw or to
a part connected therewith. In each movement of the treadle the
roller or pulley makes several revolutions alternately in opposite
directions, the increased motion thus obtained being imparted by the
cord to the lower saw jaw and consequently to the saw.
According to another arrangement I fit a fly wheel on the treadle
shaft, and carry a cord round this fly wheel and round a pulley on an
upper shaft; the pulley thus receives a speed several times that of the
fly wheel, and I transmit this increased motion to the saw from a crank
on the pulley shaft; or I fit a true oval cam or excentric on the pulley
shaft to bear upon an arm connected with the lower jaw so that the
lower jaw and the saw receive two downward motions for every revolu-
tion of the pulley shaft, the arm and jaw being raised each time by
springs or otherwise.
My Invention further consists in fitting the upper and lower jaws, or
either of them, at the ends of arms made of lancewood or other material
possessing sufficient elasticity or flexibility, the opposite ends of these
flexible arms being fixed to convenient supports. When the saw
receives the downward movement imparted by the treadle the flexible
arms bend or yield, and by resuming their normal position when
pressure is removed from the treadle they raise the saw.
My Invention further consists in providing guides for the upper and
lower saw jaws or either of them to work in, so that all swerving of
the saw is prevented.
In- PROVEMENTS IN WASHING MACHINES, WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE ALSO APPLICABLE TO CHURNS
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Laing at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 22nd
July 1869.
I, WILLIAM LAING, of Carron Vale, in the County of Stirling, North
Britain, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention of "In-
PROVEMENTS IN WASHING MACHINES, WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE ALSO APPLICABLE
TO CHURNS," to be as follows, that is to say :-
This Invention relates to an arrangement and construction of
machinery or apparatus for washing clothes so that a continuous oscil-
lating movement is communicated to the drum or case containing the
clothes, whereby a more effectual cleansing of the clothes is obtained
than hitherto. The drum containing the clothes rests upon an universal
joint situated on the sole of the framework, and the motion is communi-
cated to it by a handle, or by a driving belt passing over a pulley, on
the extremity of the spindle or shaft of which is fixed a bevil wheel
gearing into a bevil pinion on the upper end of a crank shaft, which
projects through the upper part of the framing, the other end of the
crank being connected to the drum, thus necessitating its oscillatory

page_text: movement as the crank is rotated. The interior of the drum is by
preference provided with bars situated vertically. The same or a
similar arrangement of mechanism may be used for churning milk or
cream into butter.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CASES FOR THE HOLDING OF NEEDLES AND OTHER ARTICLES
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Smith Bartleet at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
18th October 1869.-A communication from abroad by Charles
Jungermann, of Ludenscheid in the Kingdom of Prussia.
I, ROBERT SMITH BARTLEET, of Redditch, in the County of Worcester,
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN CASES FOR THE HOLDING OF NEEDLES AND OTHER ARTICLES,"
communicated to me from abroad by Charles Jungermann, of Luden-
scheid, in the Kingdom of Prussia, to be as follows:-
The object of the improvements is to afford increased facility for the
retaining and the delivery when required of the articles in such cases.
According to one arrangement the needles or such like articles are
retained in separate cases or chambers arranged around a common
centre, each case being closed at one end, whilst there is a revolving
plate at the other end of them affixed to a pin which turns in another
covering plate. The inner plate is formed with one hole through it,
which is capable when rotary motion is given to it of being placed over
either of the cases or chambers so as to afford access to or passage from

page_text: such case or chamber, at the same time closing all the others.
The
pin to which the revolving plate is affixed carries on the outside of
the fixed plate a pointer to indicate the particular case or chamber
desired, and to correspond with a number or other indication on this
fixed plate.
According to another arrangement where several chambers or cases
are attached together, one end being closed the other may be covered
with a revolving plate fixed by a pin from the centre, having one hole
in it, and outside the case may be embossed or otherwise opposite to each
tube a figure or mark denoting the size or other quality of the contents
of the respective cases, and on turning the hole over the chamber
the desired size or quality may be obtained whilst all the others are
closed.
According to another arrangement a single chamber is formed with
one end of it closed, and the other with a hole on one side of the centre
of it. Over this end is applied a cap which is held by embracing the
side of the end yet so as to revolve thereon, or it may be arranged that
the sides of the end may embrace the revolving cap, and this revolving
cover is provided with a hole corresponding with that in the fixed end, so
that by turning this cover the opening to the case may be closed or
open.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PIPES, TUBES, OR CONDUITS FOR THE CON- VEYANCE OF LETTERS, PARCELS, AND OTHER OBJECTS BY PNEUMATIC AGENCY
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Cochrane at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 20th
November 1869.
I, JOHN COCHRANE, of the Grange, Stourbridge, in the County of
Worcester, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PIPES, TUBES, OR CONDUITS FOR THE CON-
VEYANCE OF LETTERS, PARCELS, AND OTHER OBJECTS BY PNEUMATIC AGENCY," to
be as follows:-
It has been found almost impracticable to convey pistons, carriers, or
receptacles containing letters and other objects through ordinary cast-iron
tubes by pneumatic agency, owing to the projections or imperfections
ordinarily occurring in the interior of such pipes effecting the rapid
abrasion of the side surfaces of the carriers, and to overcome this diffi-
culty such pipes have had to be made of so large a diameter, as com-
pared with that of the carriers, that the pneumatic pressure upon the
latter, and consequently the speed of the same, has thereby been greatly
diminished.
Now my Invention has for its object so to construct such pipes as to
obviate these difficulties, and consists, firstly, in boring out such pipes

page_text: from end to end, making the ends thereof by preference slightly bell-
mouthed; such pipes I fit accurately end to end by providing them with
flanges, the one flange having a projecting ring with turned surfaces
fitting into a corresponding bored recess in the end of the next pipe,
and between the meeting surfaces I insert a ring of india-rubber or
other suitable material capable of forming an air-tight joint. The
flanges of these pipes are bolted together in the usual manner. Or in
place of fixing the pipes together by means of flanges I make the
meeting ends with the before-described accurately fitting projections
and recesses, and I form upon the outer surface of the one end a screw
thread screwing into a female screw thread formed in a socket upon the
meeting end of the next pipe. Or the pipes may be formed with
external screw threads at each end and be secured together by a loose
screw socket. In forming the groove in the one meeting surface of the
joint for receiving the india-rubber ring before mentioned I prefer to
undercut such groove so that the india-rubber ring when inserted shall
be held securely in the groove by its own clasticity, thus materially facili-
tating the connection of the pipes to each other.
AN IMPROVED MACHINE FOR TWISTING OR SPINNING TOBACCO
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Lauder and George
Cope at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 22nd March 1869.
We, GEORGE LAUDER, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, Civil
Engineer, and GEORGE COPE, of the same Place, Tobacco Manufacturer,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED
MACHINE FOR TWISTING OR SPINNING TOBACCO," to be as follows:-
The main object of our Invention is to reduce the cost of performing
that part of the process of manufacturing roll or twist tobacco known
as twisting or spinning. For this purpose we have devised a machine,
the most important parts of which are constructed and combined in an
entirely novel manner. To a pair of adjustible grooved pullies revolving
in the same plane, and so formed that there is left between them a circular
opening or passage, we impart a double motion, viz., one on their own axes
and another round the axis of a revolving disc on which they are carried.
The first of these motions serves to shape the tobacco and propel it
through between them, and the second to give the desired twist. The
tobacco is fed by hand to the said grooved pullies to form a twisted core

page_text: only, or it may be fed with the covering leaves laid on. We prefer the
former, and in this case the covering leaves are laid on immediately
afterwards, and the covered length passed between another pair of
grooved pullies having a similar motion, or instead of the second pair
of grooved pullies one or more pressure bobbins may be used. In either
case the length of twisted tobacco is led away at about the same rate
at which it is twisted or spun, and wound on to a rotating bobbin fitted
in a revolving reel. The bobbin is caused to rotate by frictional
gearing.
IMPROVEMENTS IN FURNACE BARS AND FURNACES
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Hepple and Matthew
Stainton at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 14th December 1869.
We, WILLIAM HEPPLE, of Low Walker, near Newcastle-on-Tyne, in
the County of Northumberland, Engineer, and MATTHEW STAINTON, of
South Shields, in the County of Durham, Iron Founder, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN FURNACE
BARS AND FURNACES," to be as follows:-
Our Invention consists in the adaptation and application to furnaces
of longitudinal screw bars in place of ordinary bars, each of such screw
bars being caused to turn on its own axis, either continuously or at
intervals, for the purpose of carrying forward the fuel towards the bridge
as it drops from a hopper on to the front end of the bars. By means of
the said revolving screw bars acting in combination with the self-acting
feeder or hopper the fresh fuel is regularly fed on to the front end of
the bars, and carried gradually forward with the mass of incandescent
fuel, whereby a more complete combustion than usual is effected and
the ash or refuse is deposited in the ash-pit at the bridge end of the bar.
The screw on the bars is not confined to any particular form or pitch,

page_text: but may be varied as required, so as to leave the requisite spaces 1 between
the bars of the size and shape best adapted to secure the most effective
action of the air between the bars. The diameter of the screw in
relation to that of the axis thereof may also be greater at the front end
of the bars, so as to make the space between the bars smaller at that
end to prevent the newly introduced feed from falling through. The
screws on the bars may be either right or left handed, or alternately
right and left handed, and they may be worked either in the same or in
different directions. The longitudinal screw bars are well adapted for
use in internal flue boilers.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE FIRE-PLACE AND GRATE OF PUDDLING FURNACES, MILL FURNACES, AND OTHER REVERBERATORY AND BOILER GRATE FURNACES
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Morrison and Joseph
Thomas at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 12th October 1809.
We, JAMES MORRISON, of the Ferry Hill Iron Works, in the County
of Durham, Ironmaster, and JOSEPH THOMAS, also of the Ferry Hill
Iron Works, Blast Furnace Manager, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE FIRE-PLACE AND GRATE OF
PUDDLING FURNACES, MILL FURNACES, AND OTHER REVERBERATORY AND BOILER
GRATE FURNACES," to be as follows :-
This Invention relates to improvements in the mode of erecting fire-
places and grates of puddling furnaces, mill furnaces, boiler grate
furnaces, and all descriptions of reverberatory furnaces whereby wo
obtain a larger amount of heat with a smaller consumption of fuel,
dispense with fire-bars, and reduce the emission of smoke.
Firstly. We construct the back of the fire-place or grate of the furnace
at an angle of about forty-five degrees, more or less, sloping downwards
towards the bridge, with longitudinal or other apertures in the back for
the admission of air. The grate is to be constructed of brick, fire-stone,
or hollow metal to allow in the latter case water to flow through it.

page_text: The fuel is introduced into the grate by means of the usual stoke-hole at
the side, or by means of a funnel or hopper placed in the roof or back of
the fire-place or otherwise. We construct the bottom of the fire-place or
grate with an opening by which to clean out the dust or scars, but
except for the purpose of cleaning it may be closed by means of a slide 5
or revolving bar or otherwise.
In the construction of furnaces according to this Invention we
dispense with the use of grate bars.
Secondly. Our improvements consist in forming the sides of the
furnace in a direction sloping downwards at an angle of about forty-five 1
degrees, more or less, and leaving along the whole length of the bottom
of the furnace an opening of about nine inches more or less. Along
such opening we place one furnace bar (or more), which forms the
bottom of the grate, and which bar (or bars) being placed in a groove or
socket in the inside of the furnace and being allowed to project outside 1
is so constructed as to turn round with a key, whereby the bottom of
the grate can easily be cleaned out, or instead of the revolving bar above
described the bottom of the grate may be fitted with slides. We also
make the back of the furnace, secondly above described, with perforated
holes, as explained in the furnace firstly above mentioned. In all other 2
respects furnaces made according to our Invention can be built in the
usual manner.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CON- STRUCTION OF SKIPS, HAMPERS, AND OTHER BASKETS
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Parrish at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 12th August
1869.
I, JAMES PARRISH, of Bolton, in the County of Lancaster, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CON-
STRUCTION OF SKIPS, HAMPERS, AND OTHER BASKETS," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists principally in forming a skeleton frame of
'spelks" or "strips of ash, oak, or other suitable straight-grained wood,.
cither alone or in combination with sticks or rods of hazel or other
material usually employed for such purposes, the said "spelks" or strips
of ash or oak being first steamed and then bent to a suitable form`
according to the shape and size of the skip or hamper. The willow.
rods or canes are then interwoven in this skeleton frame in the usual
manner, and the border or edge formed in the ordinary way, with this
exception, that the oak or ash "spelks" not being capable of being
bent down to form the border are sawn off, and short rods or stakes of
willow or cane laid in alongside them and bent over for the border;
and in order to bind the whole more firmly together I form holes

page_text: through the "spelk" or strip near the top, and pass through these holes
a narrow band of buffalo hide or other suitable substance, binding the
rod or stake therewith, and laying the same into the border. The lid or
cover I make by first forming a border of two "spelks" of ash, oak, or
bazel bent into- the form of a staple, and their ends spliced together
with cane. or otherwise, and I insert lengthwise therein sticks of hazel
or other wood just fitting inside this border, and bind the same thereto
with cane, and then finish by interweaving rods of willow or cane in
the usual manner.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF APPARATUS FOR DAMPING AND PRESSING SIMULTANEOUSLY THE SURFACE OF CLOTH AND FELTED FABRICS PREVIOUS TO FINISHING
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Victor Chémery at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 24th
March 1869.
I, VICTOR CHÉMERY, of Sedan, France, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF APPARATUS
FOR DAMPING AND PRESSING SIMULTANEOUSLY THE SURFACE OF CLOTH AND FELTED
FABRICS PREVIOUS TO FINISHING," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to an apparatus to be employed in sponging or
damping the surface of fabrics as they pass to the glossing cylinder or
press, whereby a permanent lustre is produced which cannot be
destroyed under the action of the "goose" or smoothing iron generally
used by tailors. The apparatus is composed of two pipes or tubes, one
placed within the other, a space being formed between them. The inner
one is perforated with holes, preferably at the lower part, and is furnished
with washers or distancing plates upon which the outer tube rests. The
steam which passes through the perforations is distributed over the
entire inner surface of the outer tube. The outer tube is covered with
felt and is perforated with holes preferably at its upper part. Steam is
admitted under pressure into the inner tube; it passes through the
perforations into the space, where it becomes distributed; it then passes

page_text: through the upper set of perforations and mixes itself in the felt with
which the outer tube is covered. This outer tube is furnished with a
draw off valve by which the condensed steam is drawn off. The
apparatus is fitted below the ordinary pressing or glossing cylinder, and
the steam which passes through the felt impinges upon the surface of
the cloth which is being slowly wound upon the glossing cylinder
revolving above.
A MACHINE FOR TWISTING AND CURLING HAIR FOR USE IN STUFFING BEDS, FURNITURE, AND LIKE PURPOSES
Year: 1869

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Philip Wisdom, of the City of Brooklyn, King's
County, New York, United States of America, for the Invention of
"A MACHINE FOR TWISTING AND CURLING HAIR FOR USE IN STUFFING BEDS,
FURNITURE, AND LIKE PURPOSES."
Sealed the 15th March 1870, and dated the 20th September 1869.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Philip Wisdom at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
20th September 1869.
I, PHILIP WISDOM, of the City of Brooklyn, King's County, New
3 York, United States of America, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "A MACHINE FOR TWISTING AND CURLING HAIR FOR USE
IN STUFFING BEDS, FURNITURE, AND LIKE POSES," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists of a machine by which hair, such as is used
for stuffing mattresses, furniture, and other things, can be spun or

page_text: twisted, and at the same time curled by the continuous operation of the
machine, such machine at the same time winding the twisted and
curled rope upon a reel or bobbin convenient for further treatment, or
for use or transportation.
The machine is composed of a rotating mechanism or spindle, generally
placed horizontally, by means of which the picked hair is spun or twisted,
and to which motion is communicated to turn the spindle rapidly by
any suitable
power. To this spindle the picked hair is fed, first passing
between two rollers so arranged as to accommodate themselves to a
larger or smaller quantity of hair. To confine the twisting to that portion
of the hair within the spindle, and thus make the twisting more com-
plete, the hair is passed once or twice around one of such rollers,
which also prevents the hair being drawn too rapidly through the spindle.
From such spindle the twisted hair rope passes to and through a curling
tube fixed to the frame and which is open at its mouth or lower end,
and has in one side an opening communicating with the interior cavity,
which opening is in the side of the tube opposite the twisting spindle,
so that as the rope passes into such opening and down through the
tube it is wound half round such tube and made to take a short or sharp
bend or turn nearly at a right angle over the edge of the opening, and
a further bend or turn in passing down through and out of the tube.
From the tube the rope passes to and over a reel or bobbin supported on
a standard or shaft connected by gearing with the power shaft by means
of which the reel is rotated, so that the rope is continually being further
twisted after it has passed through and as it is being drawn through the
curling tube. The drawing of the rope through such curling tube at a
short sharp turn or bend and at the same time giving it a further
twisting effects the required curl. The reel is also at every revolution
turned a given distance in its horizontal axis so as to wind up a portion
of the twisted and curled rope, and is so connected with its standard
that when it is filled it can be removed and another substituted.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR WASHING AND SCOURING WOOLLEN AND OTHER WOVEN OR FELTED FABRICS
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Bottomley and William
Bottomley at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 18th October 1869.
We, JOSEPH BOTTOMLEY and WILLIAM BOTTOMLEY, both of Bramley,
near Leeds, in the County of York, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR WASHING AND SCOURING
WOOLLEN AND OTHER WOVEN OR FELTED FABRICS," to be as follows:-
Our Invention relates to a novel arrangement or arrangements as
hereafter described whereby a double-acting or compound machine is
obtained, capable of doing a much greater amount of work and in a
more satisfactory manner than heretofore. On two frames of iron or other
material we mount three or more rollers or cylinders made of iron or
other suitable material placed by preference one above the other. The
upper roller is mounted in bearings adjustable in the direction of the
bottom roller. Pressure may be applied to the rollers by means of
levers and weights or other mechanical means. By an arrangement of
levers and rods the top and intermediate rollers may be raised separately
so as to allow the fabric to be pulled tight between the rollers at the
commencement of the work, or when any slackness occurs during the

page_text: operation of washing and scouring. We do not confine ourselves to the
method described of lifting the rollers, as other mechanical means may
be employed for such purpose. The dragging off roller is placed in any
desired position with respect to the top roller of the series, and is of the
ordinary description. The back or leading-on roller is placed in a
suitable position with respect to the bottom roller of the series, and is of
the ordinary description. The trough and guide board are made in the
ordinary way, and the machine may be covered in as far as required with
wood or other suitable material. By arranging the rollers as before
described we obtain more squeezing power than heretofore, and conse-
quently machines constructed according to our Invention do better work,
and being double-acting a much greater amount of work can be done
than by machines of the ordinary construction.
IMPROVEMENTS IN STATIONARY, LOCOMOTIVE, AND MARINE STEAM ENGINES
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel Haycraft, Alfred Hay-
craft, and Sydney Haycraft at the Office of the Commissioners of
Patents, with their Petition, on the 18th March 1869.
We, SAMUEL HAYCRAFT, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick,
Insurance Agent, and ALFRED HAYCRAFT, of Stroud, in the County of
Gloucester, Engineer, and SYDNEY HAYCRAFT, of Stroud, aforesaid,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN STATIONARY, LOCOMOTIVE, AND MARINE STEAM ENGINES," to
bo as follows:-
Our Invention consists in so constructing and arranging the parts of
stationary, locomotive, and marine steam engines as to effect a more
economical use of steam than in steam engines of the ordinary con-
struction. This we effect by arranging the valves and gearing of the
engine in such a manner as to keep steam from the boiler continuously
on one side of the piston, the motive steam from the boiler, or that steam
by which motive power is produced, acting on the other side of the
piston. By keeping steam always on one side of the piston the cooling
of the inside of the cylinder is prevented, and the motive steam acts

page_text: more efficiently in consequence of the absence of condensation in the
said motive steam. As the motive steam acts only on one side of the
piston two cylinders are required to produce a rotatory motion, or one
cylinder with plunger or trunk, the area of the trunk being about one-
half that of the cylinder, the motive steam being made to act on the
larger area of the piston. Or a cylinder of double length may be
employed having two pistons fixed at a distance apart equal to the
length of the stroke. Steam from the boiler is admitted into the space
between the pistons for the purpose of keeping the cylinder hot, while
motive steam is made to act alternately on the outer face of one or other
of the pistons.
Various other arrangements of the parts of the engine may be adopted
with the same effect.
Our Invention consists further in regulating the working of steam
engines by applying the throttle or cut-off valve to impede the exhaustion
instead of the supply of steam to the engine. By this means less evapo-
ration takes place within the cylinder, and in consequence less of the
cooling process, and thereby a considerable saving of steam is obtained.
This improvement can be used in conjunction with the usual mode of
working. This improvement is especially applicable to locomotive
engines.
IMPROVEMENTS IN FASTENINGS FOR GLOVES
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Priestley at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 28th August
1869.
I, ROBERT PRIESTLEY, of London Wall, in the City of London, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
FASTENINGS FOR GLOVES," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to improvements in fastenings for gloves.
I provide the glove with a clip or catch secured to a piece of elastic
web. I also provide the glove with a second button, clip, or catch, upon
or in which the clip or catch at the end of the elastic web can be hooked
or linked. Hitherto fastenings of this description have been applied to
gloves, but the elastic web and the button, catch, or clip have been
secured to the material of the glove, and have been liable to injure the
glove and to be torn away. Now I secure the elastic web to a cuff or
gauntlet, and afterwards attach such cuff or gauntlet to the glove so
that the elastic web will lay between the glove and the gauntlet. The
end of the elastic web to which the fastening is attached is passed
through an aperture in the gauntlet, and when the elastic web is pulled

page_text: the strain is distributed around the gauntlet to the glove. The fastening
to which the button, clip, or catch upon the elastic web is secured
projects through suitable apertures in the gauntlet, and the shank of
this button, clip, or catch lays between the gauntlet and the glove, such
shank being secured by stitching around it or otherwise. I prefer to
form the fastening attached to the elastic web with a slot, so that it can
be hooked on to or linked with one of several buttons or catches, and so
slacken or tighten the fastening.