Improved Slide Device for Measuring Quantities of Solid Materials in Pulverulent, Granular, and similar Divided Form.
Year: 1896

page_text: Date of Application, 6th Aug., 1896
Complete Specification Left, 10th Apr., 1897-Accepted, 26th June, 1597
[Communicated from abroad by THE DEUTSCHE METALLPATRONEN FABRIK,
of Karlsruhe, in the Grand Duchy of Baden, Germany.]
Improved Slide Device for Measuring Quantities of Solid Materials
in Pulverulent, Granular, and similar Divided Form.
:
I, CHARLES DENTON ABEL, of 28 Southampton Buildings, Chancery Lane in
the County of London, Consulting Engineer and Chartered Patent Agent, do
hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
"
This invention relates to an improved slide device for measuring quantities of
solid materials in pulverulent, granular and similar divided forms; in the following
description the material will be referred to as grain," which term is intended
to designate quite generally one of the separate particles whether of granular,
laminated or disc form, of which the material is composed.
Slide measuring devices, as heretofore constructed contain one or more
measuring cavities into which the material to be measured is filled, and which
are open on the surface of the slide; this surface can be flat, cylindrical conical or
spherical.
i
Over the measuring cavity passes a scraping device the lower surface of which
(the actual scraping surface) is identical in form with the slide surface. The front
edge of this scraping surface is the scraping edge.. In the following the periphery
of the measuring cavity on the surface of the slide will be called the filling edge.
In scraping off the material contained in a measuring cavity, the quantity thereof
which projects above the surface of the slide is pushed away by the scraping
edge. At those points where the scraping edge and filling edge cross each
ether, it may happen that a grain is gripped between the two edges, so that on
the farther relative motion of the two parts such grain will be cut in two.
This occurs more particularly when the angle at which the edges cross each
other is smaller than the friction-angle which the material to be measured possesses
relatively to the substance of which the slide and scraper are formed. As crossing
angle is to be considered the angle which those parts of the edges form with each
other at the point of crossing that belong to the still uncovered part of the cavity
opening. It is just before the complete closure of the cavity opening by the
scraping edge that the above mentioned case of gripping and cutting off of
the particle of the material mostly takes place. If now the slide has to effect the
measuring operations several thousand times (as is generally the case with the
known measuring slide-devices of automatically operating measuring machines)
the scraping edge and the filling edge (even when of hardened steel) become worn
and blunt in the course of time. The consequence bereof is, that the cutting off
of the particles between the blunt edges becomes more and more difficult, aud that
pulverised material is drawn in between the slide face and scraper face by the funnel
or wedge-like action of the blunted edges.
.
A farther disadvantage consists in that, with many materials, a relatively
considerable expenditure of force is required for cutting through the gripped
grains; and thirdly, it may under circumstances be of importance in measuring off
quantities, to have only entire grains in these, so that the cutting of the grains also
constitutes a disadvantage.

page_text: .
All these disadvantages are obviated by the use of the improved slide device
that forms the subject of the present invention and which is as follows:-
Referring to the accompanying drawings, Figures 1 and 2 shew respectively a
vertical section and a plan of a flat measuring slide having a rectilinear to and fro
motion. The slide A has a cavity B extending through it which constitutes the filling
measure. C is the fixed scraper, D the vessel from which the slide receives its
charge, and E the opening through which the contents of the measuring capacity
are discharged. The slide receives its to and fro motion either by hand or
otherwise, such as by a crank motion as indicated.
The motion of the slide is indicated by a double arrow I-II.
In the upper surface of the slide is cut a groove b, the edges of which are placed
obliquely to the direction of motion; the width of the groove is greater than the
opening of the measuring cavity, consequently. the latter does not open into
the surface of the slide, but into that of the groove. The scraping edge of the
scraper C is placed at right angles to the edges of the groove b. If now the
measuring cavity B has become filled with material when in the position indicated
by dot and dash lines. Figure 2, and the slide moves back under the scraper in
the direction of the arrow II, then the groove will occupy relatively to the
scraping edge successively the positions shewn at Figures 3, 4, and 5. The
crossing angle which is then formed by the scraping edge with the edges of
the groove is, according to the above definition first an obtuse angle (Figures 3
and 4) and then a right angle (Figure 5). Any cutting off of the material
between the scraping edge and the edges of the groove can therefore not take
place, and any grain that projects partly above the surface of the slide at the
point of crossing of the scraping edge and edge of the groove, will be pushed
along the latter in the direction of the arrow III and will finally be pushed
out of the groove, as the slide projects, to the height, f Figure 1, that is,
rather more than the height of the groove above the bottom of the charging
receptacle.
The scraping edge does not come at all directly in contact with the upper edge
of the measuring cavity as the surfaces in which the two edges lie are separated.
from each other by the depth of the groove..
The depth of the groove is made proportionate to the size of the grains of the
material, in such manner, that when the upper edge of the measuring cavity passes
under the edge of the scraping edge (Figure 6) a grain K cannot be nipped
between the two edges, but will at most be pushed down into the groove as at
Figure 7.
During the discharging of the material from the cavity B the discharge
opening E will communicate with the receptacle D through the cavity B, but
any direct flow of the material from the former into the latter cannot take place
owing to the length of the groove and its small relative height.
By means of the described construction the wear of the slide and the scraper
is lessened, the cutting of the separate grains is effectually prevented, and con-
.sequently the power required to move the slide is considerably. reduced; lastly,
the measured quantity only contains entire grains. The angle which the edges of
the groove form with the direction of motion of the slide can vary between wide.
limits.
The angle which the scraping edge forms with the edge of the groove need not
be an accurate right angle but only approximately so.
The edges of the groove need not be rectilinear, but may be curved, provided
that the scraping edge be so formed as to form approximately a right angle
therewith at every point of its motion.
The slide need also not have a rectilinear form and motion as shewn at
Figures and 2; it may also be of a flat curved form having a reciprocating
motion. on a centre as at Figure 8, or it may be of flat circular form with
reciprocating or continuous rotary motion, as at Figure 9 or it may be of
cylindrical or spherical form with continuous or reciprocating rotary motion.

page_text: The arrangement at Figure 9 enables a large number of measuring cavities to
be combined in one slide whereby the slide is enabled to deliver equal measured
quantities of granular material at very short intervals, while fulfilling the above
described conditions. These advantages are of particular importance when it is a
question of delivering by means of the slide at very short intervals, very small
quantities of uncut material, such as from two to three grains.
Dated this 6th day of August 1896.
ABEL & IMKAY,
Agents for the Applicant.
Improved Slide Device for Measuring Quantities of Solid Materials
in Pulverulent, Granular, and similar Divided Form.
I, CHARLES DENTON ABEL, of 28 Southampton Buildings, Chancery Lane, in
the County of London, Consulting Engineer and Chartered Patent Agent, do
hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be
performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement :-
This invention relates to an improved slide device for measuring quantities of
solid materials in pulverulent, granular and similar divided forms; in the following
description the material will be referred to as "grain," which terin is intended to
designate quite generally one of the separate particles whether of granular;
laminated or disc form, of which the material is composed.
Slide measuring devices, as heretofore constructed contain one or more measuring
cavities into which the material to be measured is filled, and which are open
on the surface of the slide; this surface can be flat, cylindrical conical or
spherical.
Over the measuring cavity passes a scraping device the lower surface of which
(the actual scraping surface) is identical in form with the slide surface. The
front edge of this scraping surface is the scraping edge. In the following the
periphery of the measuring cavity on the surface of the slide will be called the filling
edge. In scraping off the material contained in a measuring cavity, the quantity
thereof which projects above the surface of the slide is pushed away by the
scraping edge. At those points where the scraping elge and filling edge cross
each other, it may happen that a grain is gripped between the two edges, so
that on the farther relative motion of the two parts such grain will be cut
in two.
This occurs more particularly when the angle at which the edges cross each
other is smaller than the friction-angle which the material to be measured possesses
relatively to the substance of which the slide and scraper are formed. As crossing
angle is to be considered the angle which the edges of the still uncovered parts of
the cavity form with the scraping edge at the point of crossing. It is just before
the complete closure of the cavity opening by the scraping edge that the above
mentioned case of gripping and cutting off of the particle of the material mostly
takes place. If now the slide has to effect the measuring operations several
thousand times (as is generally the case with the known measuring slide-devices of
automatically operating measuring machines) the scraping edge and the filling edge
(even when of hardened steel) become worn and blunt in the course of time. The
consequence hereof is, that the cutting off of the particles between the blunt edges
becomes more and more difficult, and that pulverised material is drawn in between
the slide face and scraper face by the funnel or wedge-like action of the blunted
edges.

page_text: A farther disadvantage consists in that, with many materials, a relatively
considerable expenditure of force is required for cutting through the gripped
grains; and thirdly, it may under circumstances be. of importance in measuring off
quantities, to have only entire grains in these, so that the cutting of the grains also
constitutes a disadvantage. All these disadvantages are obviated by the use of the
improved slide device that forms the subject of the present invention and which is
as follows
Referring to the accompanying drawings, Figures 1 and 2 shew respectively a
vertical section and a plan of a flat measuring slide having a rectilinear to and fro
motion. The slide A has a cavity B extending through it which constitutes the
filling measure. C is the fixed scraper, D the vessel from which the slide receives
its charge, and E the opening through which the contents of the measuring capacity
are discharged. The slide receives its to and fro motion either by hand or other-
wise, such as by a crank motion as indicated. The motion of the slide is indicated
by the double arrow I-II.
In the upper surface of the slide is cut a groove b, the edges of which are placed
obliquely to the direction of motion; the width of the groove is greater than the
opening of the measuring cavity, consequently the latter does not open into the
surface of the slide, but into that of the groove. The scraping edge of
the scraper C is placed at right angles to the edges of the groove b. If now
the measuring cavity B has become filled with material when in the position
indicated by dot and dash lines, Figure 2, and the slide moves back under the
scraper in the direction of the arrow II, then the groove will occupy relatively
to the scraping edge successively the positions shewn at Figures 3, 4, and 5. The
crossing angle which is then formed by the scraping edge with the edges of the
groove is, according to the above definition first an obtuse angle (Figures 3 and 4)
and then a right angle (Figure 5).
Any cutting off of the material between the scraping edge and the edges of the
groove can therefore not take place, and any grain that projects partly above the
surface of the slide at the point of crossing of the scraping edge and edge of
the groove, will be pushed along the latter in the direction of the arrow III and
will finally be pushed out of the groove, as the slide projects to the height f
Figure 1, that is, rather more than the height of the groove above the bottom of
the charging receptacle.
The scraping edge does not come at all directly in contact with the upper edge
of the measuring cavity as the surfaces in which the two edges lie are separated
from each other by the depth of the groove.
The depth of the groove is made proportionate to the size of the grains of the
material, in such manner, that when the upper edge of the measuring cavity
passes under the edge of the scraping edge (Figure 6) a grain K cannot be nipped
between the two edges, but will at most be pushed down into the groove as at
Figure 7.
During the discharging of the material from the cavity B the discharge
opening E will communicate with the receptacle D through the cavity B, but any
direct flow of the material from the former into the latter cannot take place owing
to the length of the groove and its small relative height.
By means of the described construction the wear of the slide and the scraper is
lessened, the cutting of the separate grains is effectually prevented and consequently
the power required to move the slide is considerably reduced; lastly, the measured
quantity only contains entire grains. The angle which the edges of the groove
form with the direction of motion of the slide can vary between wide limits.
The angle which the scraping edge forms with the edge of the groove need not
be an accurate right angle but only approximately so.
The edges of the groove need not be rectilinear, but may be curved, provided
that the scraping edge be so forined as to form approximately a right angle
therewith at every point of its motion.
The slide need also not have a rectilinear form and motion as shewn at Figures 1

page_text: and 2; it may also be of a flat curved form having a reciprocating motion on a
centre as at Figure 8, or it may be of flat circular form with reciprocating or
continuous rotary motion, as at Figure 9 or it may be of cylindrical or spherical
form with continuous or reciprocating rotary motion.
The arrangement at Figure 9 enables a large number of measuring cavities to
be combined in one slide whereby the slide is enabled to deliver equal measured.
quantities of granular material at very short intervals, while fulfilling the above
described conditions. These advantages are of particular importance when it is a.
question of delivering by means of the slide at very short intervals, very small
quantities of uncut material, such as from two to three grains.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this inven-.
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is :-
A moveable slide device for measuring quantities of pulverulent, granular or
similar divided materials wherein the surface of the slide above the measuring
cavity is formed with a groove extending at an angle to the direction of motion of
the slide, while the front edge of the scraper is so arranged as to be at right.
angles, or nearly so, to the edges of the said groove at the crossing points thereof,.
whereby a jamming or cutting of a grain of the material between the upper edge.
of the said measuring cavity and the edge of the scraper is prevented substantially.
as described.
Deted this 10th dor of A uril 1807
ABEL & IMRAY,
Agents for the Applicant..