Improvements in or connected with the Construction of Sun Burner Gas Lamps.
Year: 1895

page_text: Date of Application, 20th May, 1895
Complete Specification Left, 16th Aug., 1895-Accepted, 16th Nov., 1995
TRUVIDIUNAL DE MULETUATION.
Improvements in or connected with the Construction of Sun Burner
Gas Lamps.
I, WALTER JOHN THOMAS of 16 Cuthill Road Denmark Hill Camberwell in
the County of Surrey Gas Engineer do hereby declare the nature of this invention
to be as follows:-
My invention relates to an improved arrangement of enamelled iron or metallic
cones, domes, gas burners and deflectors for use in connection with what is known
as non regenerative gas lamps of the sun burner type suitable for theatres lecture
halls and similar apartments whereby the light is greatly increased ventilation is
procured and the products of the gas are disposed of, combined with either heated
or cold air inlets.
According to lamps of this description the burners are usually arranged in and
around a bulb or chamber from which they derive the gas, and at or about an
angular position of 45 degrees, from the vertical the heat from the burners
ascending and striking upon the under edge or surface of a superposed basin
shaped dome or deflector, which causes the flames to become highly heated and
rarified which produces an increase in the illuminating power of the jets. In the
above described lamp an objection has been found to its use in consequence of the
heat formed by the burners not being distributed equally over the inside and over
the outside surfaces of the deflector, thereby causing a tendency of the enamel to
crack and the deflector to be rendered unserviceable. Another objection is that
there is not sufficient outlet provided for the escape of the products o' combustion,
and heat, also that the heat being generated by combustion-it is so intense as to
carbonise gas before it arrives at the burners, and the carbonaceous deposits formed
being of a gritty or powdery nature, are apt to choke up the burner orifices and
destroy the illuminating power of the lamp-moreover by the intense heat, the
burners themselves as usually constructed are rapidly destroyed. According to
the one part of my said improvements, the burners are arranged externally in and
around a closed receiver or chamber as described in my application for Patent filed
the 6th day of April 1888 No. 5102 inside the said closed receiver under the cones
or pyramids inverted, which forms a separate chamber at the lower part of the
receiver, I place at a suitable distance a dome or cone with its apex upwards,
which is supported by a small rod or stud fixed into the screw plug in the bottom
portion of the receiver. This improved dome or cone can be made of metal,
steatite or asbestos. This additional dome or cone has the advantage that any
particle of dust or carbon that may pass through into the receiver and through the
cone or pyramid cannot return as the cone with its apex upwards causes the dust
or carbon to descend into the bottom of the receiver, and forms an additional
baffler or guard against the deposits blowing into the burner orifices. The
improved gas burner consists of a long hollow burner of steatite or soapstone
pierced as usual with gas escape orifice or orifices cased in a steel or metal casing
screwed externally at one end as usual combined with a shield or deflector of
angular shape, which is placed at the underside of the jet, projecting higher than
the steatite jet, which causes the flame to spread out and prevents the cold air
currents striking against the jet. This shield or deflector may be made in one
piece, with a burner itself, either in steatite or metal. These burners are arranged as
usual at an angle say 45 degrees from the vertical (when the burners are placed

page_text: horizontal in a circle. I place a shield or deflector in the form of a circular ring
with a flat surface on top, and bevelled at either side, in section it forms a scalene
triangle. The flat surface of the ring is placed at the under side of the gas burners,
so that the underside of the tip of the jet is in the centre of the surface of the ring.
The ring being groved on both sides between each jet, this forms a shield and
deflector to the burners, and prevents the air currents striking the tip of the jets -
thereby causing the flame to spread giving a wider flame with a steady light, the
deflector or shield can be made in separate pieces for each jet.
Above the burners is a double taper cone or part fixed centrally by an iron cross
bar fitted with locking nuts to the external screw on gas pipe to be easily adjusted,
so that an annular space or aperture is left between itself and the gas pipe outside
the said double taper cone is a metallic dome reflector which I form taper hollowed
dome shape lined internally with white enamel or other reflecting material, at a
suitable distance from the outer edge of the top of dome, openings are made by
means of horizontal slots. These openings form the passage by which the spent
gases from the lamp pass therefrom. This taper hollowed dome can be made i
two or more parts, joined at a suitable distance fiom each other leaving an aperture
between, which would then answer the same purpose as the openings formed in the
taper hollowed dome made in one piece. Over and above the said taper hollowel
dome and double taper cones or part, at a suitable distance is placed a sheet iron
dome secured by locking nuts to the external screw of gas pipe, the top portion
of dome forms a special air chamber in combination with the taper hollowed dome.
The cold air is drawn through the taper cone or part into the special air chamber,
formed by the sheet iron dome and the taper hollowed dome and is beated in its
return, through the annular space between the taper hollowed dome and taper
cones, from whence it goes to feed the burners, the bottom portion of the sheet
iron dome being formed of a shape to come below the openings the horizontal slots
in the taper hollowed dome (being separated sufficiently to allow the passage for
the escape of the spent gases) forms a baffler over the said openings in the dome,
the spent gases passing through the openings under the baffler. Above the said
sheet iron dome at a suitable distance is another cone or part, with a taper collar,
which forms a valve chamber for the outlet of the spent gases which pass through
the openings in the taper hollowed dome descending under the baffler and rising
up on the outside of the baffler to the said outlet. This outlet is regulated by means
of a circular valve fitted with lever pins and an internal screw in the form of a
locking nut, to suit the external screw of the gas pipe which enables the valve to
be raised and lowered to control the exit of the spent gases, by this means the heat
formed by the burners is distributed equally over the inside and over the outside
surfaces of the reflectors and protected from the cold currents of air coming
contact with the outsides of the reflectors, and preventing the cracking of the
enamel due to the difference of temperature, in combination with the ventilating
rim of canopy I fix internally an inner case of conical shape open at the top this
forms a separate chamber for the ventilation and the passage of the products of
combustion which may escape from the underside of the reflector outside, at a
suitable distance is the canopy to which is suspended the ventilating rim, the top
of the canopy being connected to the ventilating shaft.
101
By another arrangement, above the burners is a metallic cone open at the top
and suspended by the aim of the ventilating canopy. Over the above cone at a
suitable distance is a sheet iron dome or solid cone, which forms a bafffer-being
suspended by means of locking nuts, fitted to the external screw of gas pipe.
Above the said cones or dome is another sheet iron cone being separated
sufficiently to allow the passage for the escape of the spent gases, this cone is
provided with a bevil collar which forms a valve chamber for the outlet of the
spent gases--being controlled by means of a circular ion valve fitted with lever
pius and an internal screw to fit the external screw of the gas pipe-to enable the
valve to be raised or lowered, to control the exit of the heat from the burners, this
valve can be made of any suitable material to work by levers or screws as desired.

page_text: Above the said dome and cones in combination with the ventilating rim of canopy,
is another cone open at the top, which forms a separate chamber for carrying off
the products of combustion which may escape from the underside of the reflectors
outside at a suitable distance is the canopy to which is suspended the ventilating
rim the top of canopy being connected to the ventilating shaft.
By another arrangement of metallic cones: in combination with bafflers and valves
above the burners is a double cone or part shaped metallic reflector, which I will
describe as two separate cones or parts as inner and outer cones, the outer cone the
broad part at the bottom is fixed to the ventilating rim of canopy with its apex or
part upwards. The inner cone with its apex or part at the bottom being supported
by means of a tubular or taper piece of a size to fit the apex of the said cone,
the lower portion to fit the gas pipe-the broad part of the inner cone of a size
that an aunular space or aperture is left between the apex or part of the outer cone,
so as to allow the escape of the products of combustion. Over and above the said
double cones cr part at a suitable distance is another cone or part which is
provided with a taper collar halfways in the said cone or part is placed a conical
collar, with a sheet iron ring between the conical collar and cone which forms a
division and a baffler over the annular space or aperture that is left between the
said inner and outer cones or parts, being sufficiently separated to allow the passage
of the products of combustion. Above the said inner and outer cones at a suitable
distance is another cone or part, which is suspended by the rim of ventilating
canopy, this cone having a taper collar which forms a valve chamber, being
controlled by means of a valve of any suitable form to regulate the outlet of the
spent gases in combination with the ventilating rim of canopy I fix internally an
inner case of conical shape, open at the top forming a separate chamber for the
passage of the products of combustion and ventilation. Over and above at an equal
distance is the canopy to which is suspended the ventilating rim the top of canopy
being connected to the ventilating shaft the reflectors, cones, bafflers, and valves,
may be used in combination with or without a ventilating shaft.
A further improvement in combination with reflectors cones bafflers and valves
rising up from the centre of sentes of gas burners, are two cone shaped bodies one
inside the other, with the apex of each at the bottom, the insido cone of smaller
diameter than the outer cone leaving an annular space between the two cones, the
outer cone being perforated by means of horizontal slots at a suitable distance
from its apex, which forms an outlet for the spent gases the broad part of the
outside cone is connected to another cone with its apex or part upwards. The
broad part or base of this one is suspended by the ventilating rim of canopy-at a
suitable distance from the base of the said cone openings are formed by means of
borizontal slots, forming an outlet for the spent gases-above these openings or
apertures, is placed a conical collar or plate, which forms a baffler over and above
these cones at a certain distance is another cone with a bevil collar, which forms
a separate air chamber, in combination with the cones and bafflers-the outlet
being adjusted by a valve, which may be made in any suitable form--the spent gases
passing through the apertures or openings in the cones under the bafflers and rising
through the cones, which is controlled by means of a valve, enables me to maintain
an equal temperature over the inside and over the out-ide surfaces of the reflectors,
thus preventing the cracking of the enamel on the inside of the reflectors due to
difference of temperature-in combination with the ventilating aim of canopy, is
placed internally an inner case of conical shape-this forms a separate chamber
for the passage of the spent gases which may escape from the under side of the
reflectors. Over and above on the outside at a suitable distance is the canopy to
which is suspended the ventilating rim-the top of canopy being connected to the
ventilating shaft.
Reflectors can be made of any shape or form-or diameter-in combination
with the bafflers and valves-should a very large quantity of light be desired a
number of cones or doine reflectors in combination with the bafflers, and valves as
described may be placed together in a ventilating canopy or case-connected

page_text: to a ventilating shaft, the outlet of the spent gases being controlled by means of
a regulating valve, causes the flames of the jets to become highly heated and rarified
so that the carbon in the gas is perfectly consumed and no smoke given off.
Dated this 20th day of May 1895.
WALTER JOHN THOMAS.
Improvements in or connected with the Construction of Sun Burner
Gas Lamps.
I, WALTER JOHN THOMAS of 16 Cuthill Road Denmark Hill Camberwell,
Surrey Gas Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement :-
My invention relates to an improved arrangement of enamelled iron or metallic
cones, domes, gas burners and deflectors for use in connection with what is known
as non-regenerative gas lamps of the sun burner type suitable for theatres, lecture
halls and similar apartments whereby the light is greatly increased ventilation is
procured and the products of the gas are disposed of combined with either heated
or cold air inlets.
According to lamps of this description the burners are usually arranged in and
around a bulb or chamber from which they derive the gas, and at or about an
angular position of 45 degrees, from the vertical the heat from the burners
ascending and striking upon the under edge or surface of a superposed basin shaped
dome or deflector which causes the flames to become highly heated and rarified which
produces an increase in the illuminating power of the jets. In the above described
lamp an objection has been found to its use in consequence of the heat formed by
the burners not being distributed equally over the inside and over the outside
surfaces of the deflector thereby causing a tendency of the enamel to crack and the
deflector to be rendered unserviceable. Another objection is, that there is not
sufficient outlet provided for the escape of the products of combustion and heat,
also that the heat being generated by combustion is so intense as to carbonise gas
before it aives at the burners and the carbonaceous deposits formed, being of a
gritty or powdery nature, are apt to choke up the burner orifices and destroy the
illuminating power of the lamp, moreover by the intense heat the burners
themselves as usually constructed are rapidly destroyed. According to the one
part of my said improvement the burners are arranged externally in and around a
closed receiver or chamber as described in my Application for Patent filed
the 6th day of April 1888 No. 5102, inside the said closed receiver under the cones
or pyramids inverted which forms a separate chamber; at the lower part of the
receiver place at a suitable distance a dome or cone with its apex upwards, which
is supported by a small rod or stud fixed into the screw plug in the bottom portion
of the receiver. This improved dome or coue can be made of metal, steatite or
asbestos, this additional dome or cone has the advantage that any particle of dust
or carbon that may pass through into the receiver and through the cone or
pyramid cannot return as the cone with its apex upwards causes the dust or carbon
to descend into the bottom of the receiver and forins an aduitional baffler or guard
against the deposits blowing into the burner orifices. The improved gas burner
consists of a long hollow butner of steatite or soapstone pierced as usual with gas
escape orifice or orifices cased in a steel or metal casing screwed externally at one
end as usual combined with a shield or deflector of angular shape which is placed
at the underside of the jet projecting higher than the steatite jet winch causes the
flame to spread out and prevents the cold air currents striking against the jet.
This shield or deflector may be made in one piece with the burner itself, either in

page_text: steatite or metal these burners are arranged as usual at an angle say 45 degrees
from the vertica! (when the burners are placed horizontally in a circle.
I place a
shield or deflector in the form of a circular ring with a flat surface on top and
bevelled at either side; in section it forms a scalene triangle. The flat surface of
the ring is placed at the under side of the gas burners so that the underside of the
tip of the jet is in the centre of the surface of the ring, the ring being grooved on
both sides between each jet; this forms a shield and deflector to the burners and
prevents the air currents striking the tip of the jets, thereby causing the flame to
spread giving a wider flame with a steady light. The deflector or shield can be
made in separate pieces for each jet.
Above the burners is a double taper cone or part fixed centrally by an iron cross
bar fitted with locking nuts to the external screw on gas pipe to be easily adjusted
so that an annular space or aperture is left between itself and the gas pipe outside
the said double taper cone is a metallic dome reflector which I form taper
hollowed dome shape lined internally with white enamel or other reflecting
material. At a suitable distance from the outer edge of the top of dome, openings are
made by means of horizontal slots. These openings form the passage by which the
spent gases from the lamp pass thereform. This taper hollowed dome can be
made in two or more parts joined at a suitable distance from each other leaving an
aperture between which would then answer the same purpose as the openings
formed in the taper hollowed dome made in one piece. Over and above the said
taper hollowed dome and double taper cones or part at a suitable distance is placed
a sheet iron dome secured by locking nuts to the external screw of gas pipe, the top
ortion of dome forms a special air chamber in combination with the taper
hollowed dome. The cold air is drawn through the taper cone or part into the
pecial air chamber formed by the sheet iron dome and the taper hollowed dome
and is heated in its return through the annular space between the taper hollowed
lome and taper cones from whence it goes to feed the burners the bottom
portion of the sheet iron dome being formed of a shape to come below the openings,
the horizontal slots in the taper hollowed dome (being separated sufficiently to
allow the passage for the escape of the spent gases) forms a baffler over the said
openings in the dome, the spent gases passing through the openings under the
baffler. Above the said sheet iron dome at a suitable distance is another cone
or part with a taper collar which forms a valve chamber for the outlet of the spent
gases which pass through the openings in the taper hollowed dome descending under
the baffler and rising up on the outside of the baffler to the said outlet. This
outlet is regulated by ineans of a circular valve fitted with lever pins and an
internal screw in the from of a locking nut to suit the external screw of the gas
pipe which enables the valve to be raised and lowered to control the exit of
the spent gases, by this means the heat formed by the burners is distributed equally
over the inside and over the outside surfaces of the reflectors and protected from
the cold currents of air coming in contact with the outside of the reflectors, and
preventing the cracking of the enamel due to the difference of temperature. In
combination with the ventilating rim of canopy I fix internally an inner case of
conical shape open at the top this forms a separate chamber for the ventilation
and the passage of the products of combustion which may escape from the
underside of the reflector. Outside at a suitable distance is the canopy to which is
Suspended the ventilating rim, the top of the canopy being connected to the
ventilating shaft.
By another arrangement; above the burners is a metallic cone open at the top and
suspended by the rim of the ventilating canopy. Over the above cone at a suitable
distance is a sheet iron dome or solid cone which forms a baffler, being suspended
by means of locking nuts fitted to the external screw of gas pipe. Above the said
cones or domes is another sheet iron cone being separated sufficiently to allow the
passage for the escape of the spent gases. This cone is provided with a bevil collar
which forms a valve chamber for the outlet of the spent gases, being controlled by
means of a circular iron valve fitted with lever pins and an internal screw to fit the

page_text: external screw of the gas pipe to enable the valve to be raised or lowered, to
control the exit of the heat from the burners. This valve can be made of any
suitable material to work by levers or screws as desired. Above the said dome
and cones in combination with the ventilating rim of canopy is another cone open
at the top which forms a separate chamber for carrying off the products of
combustion which may escape from the underside of the reflectors.
Outside at a
suitable distance is the canopy to which is suspended the ventilating rim; the top
of canopy being connected to the ventilating shaft.
By another arrangement of metallic cones in combination with bafflers and
valves above the burners is a double cone or part shaped metallic reflector which
I will describe as two separate cones or parts as inner and outer cones.
The
outer cone the broad part at the bottom is fixed to the ventilating rim of canopy
with its apex or part upwards. The inner cone with its apex or part at
the bottom being supported by means of a tubular or taper piece of a size
to fit the apex of the said cone, the lower portion to fit the gas pipe. The
broad part of the inner cone of a size that an annular space or aperture is
left between the apex or part of the outer cone so as to allow the escape
of the products of combustion. Over and above the said double cones or
part at a suitable distance is another cone or part which is provided with a
taper collar halfways in the said cone or part is placed a conical collar with
a sheet iron ring between the conical collar and cone which forms a division
and a baffler over the annular space or aperture that is left between the said
inner and outer cones or parts, being sufficiently separated to allow the passage
of the products of combustion. Above the said inner and outer cones at a
suitable distance is another cone or part, which is suspended by the rim of
ventilating canopy, this cone having a taper collar which forins a valve chamber
being controlled by means of a valve of any suitable form to regulate the outlet
of the spent gases.
In combination with the ventilating rim of canopy I fix
internally an inner case of conical shape open at the top forming a separate
chamber for the passage of the products of combustion and ventilation. Over.
and above at an equal distance is the canopy to which is suspended the ventilating
rim the top of canopy being connected to the ventilating shaft. The reflectors,
cones, bafflers and valves, may be used in combination with or without a ventilating
shaft. A further improvement in combination with reflectors cones bafflers and
valves rising up from the centre of series of gas burners are two cone shaped
bodies one inside the other with the apex of each at the bottom; the inside cone of
smaller diameter than the outer cone leaving an annular space between the two
cones, the outer cone being perforated by means of horizontal slots at a suitable
distance from its apex which forms an outlet for the spent gases. The broad
part of the outside cone is connected to another cone with its apex or part upwards.
The broad part or base of this cone is suspended by the ventilating rim of canopy.
At a suitable distance from the base of the said cone openings are formed by means
of horizontal slots forming an outlet for the spent gases. Above these openings or
apertures is placed a conical collar or plate which forms a baffler, over and above
these coues at a certain distance is another cone with a bevel collar which forms a
separate air chamber in combination with the cones and baffler, the outlet being
adjusted by a valve which may be made in any suitable form; the spent gases
passing through the apertures or openings in the cones under the bafflers and rising
through the cones, which is controlled by means of a valve and enables me to
maintain an equal temperature over the inside and over the outside surfaces of
the reflectors thus preventing the cracking of the enamel on the inside of the
reflectors due to difference of temperature. In combination with the ventilating
rim of canopy is placed internally an inner case of conical shape; this forms a
separate chamber for the passage of the spent gases which may escape from the
under side of the reflectors. Over and above on the outside at a suitable distance
is the canopy to which is suspended the ventilating rim; the top of canopy being
connected to the ventilating shaft. Reflectors can be made of any shape or form,

page_text: quantity of light be desired a number of cones or domed reflectors in combination
with the bafflers and valves as described may be placed together in a ventilating
canopy or case, connected to a ventilating shaft. the outlet of the spent gases being
controlled by means of a regulating valve causes the flames of the jet to become
highly heated and rarified so that the carbon in the gas is perfectly consumed and
no smoke given off.
In order that my invention may be fully understood I now refer to the annexed
drawings in which
Figure 1 is a sectional elevation of my invention.
Figure 2 longitudinal section of a gas burner.
Figure 3 end view showing shield or deflector for the gas burner.
Figure 4 sectional elevation of a modified arrangement of my invention.
Figure 5 underneath plan view of burners and modified for n of deflectors.
Figure 6 sectional elevation of receiver & deflector showing extra dome for
baffler.
Figure 7 sectional elevation of a further modified arrangement of my invention.
Figure 8 underneath view in half plan of improved cones and bafflers in
Figure 7.
Figure 9 sectional side elevation of a modified form of my invention.
Figure 10 is an underneath view in half plan of improved cones and bafflers
in Fig. 7.
Referring to Figure 1b is a curved dome or deflector. is the pipe carrying the
burner y upon which the deflector plate x is fixed. is the chamber which carries
the burners y. t is a conical collar fixed inside the chamber s. u is a baffle plate
fixed under the end of the conical collar t for the purpose of preventing the
entrance into the burners of any solid matter as the same will fall behind the baffle
plates & t, the gas passing down the central tube or pipe to the chamber s.
The shield a prevents the cold air striking directly upon the flame & thus prevents
the cracking of the jets at the same time increasing the illuminating power. The
course of the air and gases is shown by the arrows. The heated air and gases pass
through the apertures in, and round the edge of the dome part of the heated air
and gases passing between the cones and e and part between the cones fand g
draught thereby created causes cold air to enter between the cones f, g and
outer cone and also to ascend up the chamber c having enlarged ends. I is a
valve for regulating the draught at k.
the
Referring to Figure 4 in this case the arrows again indicate the path of the
heated air and gases also the cold entering air. The dotted lines a¹ & b¹ indicate
the position of casings which may be inserted when required. By the course of
the fumes it will be seen that the reflector or enamelled surface a is heated, upon
both sides. The triangular ring or deflector n being employed to prevent the cold
air striking directly upon the flame or jet of the burner.
Referring to Figure 7 the cones a & b act as reflectors having the dividing plate
or ring g¹ and the hot air and gases circulate as shown by the arrows between the
cones or partitions f, e, k & h. a valve I being employed as before to regulate the
draught. d being a baffle plate.
Referring to Figure 9 the heated air and gases pass up & between the flues
formed between the cones a, b, e, g, i and h. and baffle plate and thus maintain
the outside & inside of the dome at an even temperature.
In Figure 5 & 6 the triangular ring or deflector n having the openings o may be
formed in one or more parts and prevents the cold air striking directly upon
the jets y.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is
1. In gas lamp of the class herein described the particular arrangement of the

page_text: flues, dome, burners and other parts forming my invention with or without a
regulating valve all in combination and substantially as shown in Figures 1. to 10
of the drawings hereunto annexed whereby the reflector is equally heated & greater
illuminating power obtained.
2. In gas lamps of the class herein described, with or without a regulating
valve I, a chamber, passage or flue surrounding the outside of the dome or reflector
and communicating with the inside of the dome or reflector by apertures with or
without a baffling plate or cone d¹ in said chamber, passage or flue so as to direct
the heated air and gases over the outside of the dome or reflector & thereby
prevents sudden and unequal cooling, substantially as described and shown in
Figure 4, 7 & 9.
3. In receivers for gas lamp the combination of plates t & u, with same for the
purpose herein described.
4. In burners for gas lamps in combination therewith a triangular deflector or
deflectors fixed as shown in Figures 5 & 6 and having openings o for the passage of
air to the flames for the purpose herein described.
Dated this 4th day of August 1895.
E. EATON,
Agent for Applicant.