Improvements in and connected with Jacquard Looms.
Year: 1891

page_text: Date of Application, 19th Mar., 1891
Complete Specification Left, 19th Dec., 1891-Accepted, 19th Mar., 1892
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and connected with Jacquard Looms.
I, JOHN LAMB, of Comberton Hill, Kidderminster, in the County of
Worcester, Machinist, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
The first part of this invention has reference to those Jacquard looms in which
two sets of cards and cylinders are used one set of cards and one cylinder at the
front and the other at the back of the jacquard; and this part of this invention
consists in the herein described improved arrangement of mechanism for supporting
and operating the cylinders and for bringing either of them and its cards into action
and throwing the other cylinder and cards out of action.
This is carried out as follows:-To facilitate description I will refer to the
mechanism at one side of the jacquard only but it is to be understood that the
same mechanism is used at the other side of the jacquard. The end bearings of
both cylinders are carried by upright rocking bars which can turn about their
lower ends on fixed centres. The upper end of each of these rocking bars is con-
nected by a link to a lever which is jointed at one end to the frame of the machine
and connected at the other end to a second link which is connected by a cross link
to the corresponding second link at the back of the jacquard. Each of these
second links has a side projection which when its corresponding cylinder is in
action rests on and is lifted by rollers on the ends of the vertical slide which carries
the trap board so as to bring this cylinder and its cards towards the needles and
move them away therefrom at the proper times. The said cross link is slotted
almost from one end to the other and it is suspended at the lower end of the
reversing lever, which is fixed on a hollow or other shaft, near the top of the
machine and to the other end of which the corresponding lever is fixed. When
the said reversing lever is turned either towards the right or left hand its lower
end moves along the slot in the cross link and lifts one end of the cross link and
the links and cylinder connected to that end and throws that cylinder out of action;
the other end of the cross link is depressed and its cylinder is brought into action.
Thus a single movement of the reversing lever suffices to bring either set of cards
into action and to throw the other out of action. To enable either cylinder which
is in action to be temporarily moved away from the needle plate I provide two
levers carried at one end by a central shaft which crosses the machine from side to
side. From the outer ends of these levers depend links or metal straps which
engage with the ends of the cross link. On the said shaft is a hand lever by which
the said levers and their depending links and the lower end of the cross link can be
lifted and temporarily move the cylinder which is in action away from the needle
plate. The two said lifting levers are connected together by equal links so that
they will move together and one hand lever serve for both.
In order to prevent a dead centre in the cylinder reversing mechanism above
described, the lower end of the reversing lever is connected by a spring to a central
tumbler, which when the cylinders are being reversed turns past the centre and
thus ensures perfect action.
The second part of this invention which is applicable to the said double cylinder
jacquards and in part to those jacquards which have only one cylinder, has
reference to the needles, trap board and vertical cords which pass through the
needles and carry the threads.
In carrying out this part of my invention there are two needle plates through
which the ends of the needles respectively project. When the cords are in their
normal position they hang straight from the top board through the holes in the

page_text: trap board.
Below the needles and crossing the said cords there are horizontal
bars which as the cards move towards the needles, press the cords and needles
towards the cards so that the cords of those needles which pass into the perforations
are trapped and lifted; but before these are lifted the said bars move back and the
other cords assume their normal vertical position. There is thus no sawing of the
bottom board and traps by the cords as the trap board moves up and down.
. Instead of using bars below the needles as above described a perforated board may
be similarly, employed through which the cords pass.
In order to prevent the needles moving too far in either direction they each have
a small projection underneath forming a stop which when the needle is moved
end ways in one direction comes into contact with a vertical grating which I provide
for that purpose.
..1
The said projection on the needle is very readily made by bending the needle
into a closed loop at that part. When the needles are arranged in the way above
described no cross pins are required and the needles are prevented from turning by
the cords passing through the eyes and the needles can be very readily removed or
replaced by being first turned axially through a short space to get the projection
through the grating.
When the holes in the trap board have only a single trap, that is a notch at one
side only, the cards for one end of the needle have to be the reverse of those at
the other end, that is to say, they have to have blanks where there are holes in the
other cards.
By using a trap board in which the holes are made with a double trap that is a
otch at each side the cards on both cylinders are arranged the same that is with
holes to put the cords into trap.
In order to ensure the cords being properly trapped and only those cords trapped
which are required to be, I provide a shield on the top of the trap board which
consists of cross bars or parts which by suitable levers or other means can be turned
. over the traps at one side of the holes which are not in use and thus prevent the
knots in the cords catching therein.. When the other cylinder and set of cards are
brought into action the shield is moved to close the trap notches on the other side
of the holes and open those which were closed before. The shield above described
can be similarly used with combs either single or double, but in this case the
shield is preferably arranged below instead of above as when applied to a trap
board.
Dated this 18th day of March 1891.
CHARLES BOSWORTH KETLEY,
Agent for the Applicant.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and connected with Jacquard Looms.
I, JOHN LAMB, of Comberton Hill, Kidderminster, in the County of
Worcester, Machinist, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in
what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement:-
The first part of this invention has reference to those Jacquard looms in which
two sets of cards and cylinders are used, one set of cards and one cylinder at the
front, and the other at the back of the jacquard and this part of this invention
consists in the herein described improved arrangement of mechanism for supporting
and operating the cylinders and for bringing either of them and its cards into action
and throwing the other cylinder and cards out of action.
The second part of this invention which is applicable to the said double cylinder
jacquards and in part to those jacquards which have only one cylinder, has
reference, to the needles, trap board, and vertical cords which pass through the
needles and carry the threads.

page_text: My invention is illustrated by the
ing drawings on which
Fig. 1 is a perspective view of a jacquard embodying my improvements;
Figs. 2 and 3 are end elevations of the same shewing the parts in different
positions as hereinafter described;
Figs. 4, 5 and 6 are cross sectional elevations of part of the same;
Fig. 7 shews part of reversing mechanism separately;
Fig. 8 is a cross section of the needle plates shewing the needles in position ;
Fig. 9 represents the reversing link in elevation and in section plan;
Fig. 10 represents one of the gratings which partly support the needles;
Fig. 11 shews part of one of the needle plates which is of the ordinary kind;
Fig. 12 is an elevation and Fig. 13 is a plan of one of the needles;
Fig. 14 shews part of the trap board in cross sectional elevation and in plan;
Fig. 15 is a plan of the shield;
Figs. 16 and 17 shew parts of the shield and trap board together so as to
illustrate the use of the shield;
Fig. 18 shews a plan of the tension frame and
Fig. 19 represents the reversing lever separately.
Figs. 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16 and 17 are drawn half full size.
The same letters of reference indicate the same parts in all the figures of the
drawings.
...
The first part of my invention is carried out as follows:-To facilitate
description I will refer to the mechanism at one side of the jacquard only but
it is to be understood that (with the exception of the reversing lever and con-
nections shewn separately by Fig. 7 and the lifting lever hereinafter described)
the same mechanism is used at the other side of the jacquard. A' A' are the
two card cylinders of which A' is at the front and A at the back of the
jacquard these cylinders turning in bearings a fixed to upright rocking bars as a²
which can turn about their lower ends a' on fixed centres near the bottom of the
end frames B B which support the various parts of the machine. The upper end
of each of these rocking bars a² a' (see Figs. 1, 2 and 3) is connected by a link,
marked respectively CC, to a lever, marked respectively D' D2, and these levers
are jointed at one of their ends to bosses cast on the end frames of the machine.
The other ends of the levers D¹ D' are respectively connected to the lower
curved and slotted parts e² of the second links E¹ E³ one at the front and the other
at the back of the jacquard and these links E' E' are connected together by the
cross link F to which the upper ends e of the links E' E' are jointed. The ends a
of the levers D' D' are also jointed to the lower ends of the suspending rods G' G
the upper ends g' of which are jointed to pins ffixed to bosses ff at the outer
ends of the cross link F. The centres of these joint pins f1 f exactly coincide
with the centres of the semi-circular ends of the slot f in the cross link F so that
either of the pins f¹ f" will coincide with the centre of the roller at the end of
the reversing lever H¹ (hereinafter referred to) when the corresponding end of the
cross link is suspended therefrom as hereinafter described. It will be seen
that the slot in the cross link F extends almost from one end of the link to
the other end. The reversing lever H' above referred to is fixed on one end of a
tubular shaft h which is carried in bearings b¹ b' near the top of the side frames B' B*
and on the vertical centre line thereof and to the other end of the shaft h' the
corresponding reversing lever H2 is fixed. This reversing lever H is shewn
separately by Fig. 20 and it is similar to H' except that it has no tongue h³ or side
slots hereinafter described. The lower end of each of the reversing levers H' H
has a roller which engages in the slot in the corresponding cross link F. Each
of the second links E" E has a side projecting part e² which when its corresponding
cylinder is in action (as for instance the cylinder A' in Figs. 2 and 3) rests on and
is lifted by the roller i fixed to the end of the vertical slide I which carries the
trap board J so as to bring this cylinder and its cards towards the needles K and
move them away therefrom at the proper times. The up and down movement is
obtained from the usual rocking shaft Y by the levers Z' Z' fixed thereto and
L
:

page_text: jointed to the depending arms Z fixed to the underside of the trap board and to
the slides I. The slotted part e³ of the link E' corresponding with the cylinder A³
which is out of action allows this link E' to move up and down with the cross
link F without affecting the cylinder A³. The pin 2 at the end of the cross link F
is jointed to one end of a radius rod N which corresponds in length to the distance
from centre to centre of the pins f¹f and the other end of this radius rod is jointed
to a pin n' on a bracket n' fixed to the end frame B'. The centre of this pin n¹
coincides with the centre of the roller h' at the end of the reversing lever H' when
turned towards the right hand as shewn in Fig. 1. The object of the radius rods N
is to prevent the cross links F moving out of position either towards the cylinder A¹
or towards the cylinder A³.
When the reversing levers H'H' are turned so that their lower ends are towards
the left hand as shewn in Figs. 2 and 3 the roller ' at the lower end of each of the
reversing levers moves along the slot f in the corresponding cross link F and thus
lifts the end of the cross link and the links G' E' Cand lever D' and moves the
cylinder A out of action as shewn in Figs. 2 and 3; the other end of the cross
link F and the links G' E' C¹ and lever D₁ are then free to be moved up and down
by the rising and falling of the roller i on the vertical slide I and the cylinder A¹
is moved to and from the ends of the needles. Similarly when the reversing
levers H H are turned so that their lower ends are towards the right hand as
shewn in Figs. 1 and 7 the ends f' of the cross links are lifted and the other ends f
fall so that the cylinder A' is now thrown out of action and the other cylinder A
brought into action. Thus a single movement of the reversing lever suffices to
bring either cylinder and its set of cards into action and to throw the other cylinder
and cards out of action.
The needle plates which are of the usual kind are marked L' L' they are fixed
to the end frames B'B' as usual.
To enable either cylinder which is in action to be temporarily moved to and from
the needle plate by hand when the cards have got wrong or at other times as may
be required, I provide two levers M₁ fixed respectively to the ends of a central
shaft m which passes through the tubular shaft h². From the outer end of each
of these levers M' depends a link m² which is jointed to a metal strap m³ which is
slotted from end to end and hangs on the shaft m' and embraces a pin f on each
of the cross links F. The lever M¹ is continued to m¹ so as to form a hand lever
to the outer end of which is a cord by which the hand lever m' and the levers M'
and their links m' and straps m³ and the cross links F can be moved up and down
so as to move the cylinder whichi is in action to and from the needle plate. It will
be seen that the hand motion above described acts equally well upon whichever of
the two cylinders is in action.
The hooks which engage with the pins on the ends of the cylinders to give the
necessary turning movement to the same may be of the usual kind and they are
not shewn in my drawings as they form no part of my invention.
The moving of the reversing levers H' H2 to bring and maintain either cylinder
in action and to throw and maintain the other cylinder out of action is effected by
the hand lever O see Figs. 1, 2, 3 and 7 (furnished with the cord o¹) which is
jointed at o² to a bracket o³ on the side frame B' and has a counterbalance weight of.
This hand lever is connected by the link o' to the lever of which at one end o7 is
jointed to a bracket o fixed to the end frame B₁ and at the other end o is con-
nected by the link oo to the upper end o¹ of the small lever o situated behind the
reversing lever H₁ and provided with a roller o¹ which engages in the slots h³ h₁
in the reversing lever H¹ as shewn in Fig. 7. The lower end o" of this lever o
turns on a pin fixed to the side frame B immediately below the central shaft h².
On this pin is also jointed the tumbler o¹ the outer end of which is by the spring
connected to the outer end of the reversing lever H'. There is a similar tumbler o¹5
and spring for the other reversing lever H' at the other end of the machine.
The reversing lever H¹ has a tongue h³ turning at one end he on a pin fixed to the
reversing lever, the other end of the tongue being free and shaped to conform
016

page_text: with the curved slots h h of the reversing lever. Assuming the parts are in the
positions shewn by Fig. 7 then when the hand lever O is pulled down the link o
lever o link oo and lever o¹ are moved down also and the roller o" acting along
the curved slot / moves down the lower part of the reversing levers H¹ H³ past
the vertical position so that the spring o¹ now acts upon the other side of the ver-
tical centre fine and with the counterbalance of carries the reversing levers H₁H*
over to the reverse position as shewn in Figs. 2 and 3. The roller o¹ of the
lever is now engaging in the junction of the slots has before but on the
reverse side of the vertical centre line and the tongue h³ has fallen down and opened
the other curved slot ready for the roller to travel along that slot when the
reversing lever is being again turned back to its original position shewn by Fig. 7.
It will be seen that by employing the curved slots h h in the reversing lever H¹
in combination with the lever o" and its roller o" and the tumbler ol and spring o
a dead centre in the reversing mechanism is avoided and perfect action is
ensured.
It will be seen that when the reversing levers H1 H2 are in their extreme
position either towards the front of the machine as shewn in Figs. 1 and 7 or
towards the back of the machine as shewn in Figs. 2 and 3 the lever o¹ and its
roller o act as a prop and lock the reversing levers in that position until the hand
lever O is pulled down as above described.
In carrying out the second part of my invention I arrange the vertical cords T
so that when in their normal position they hang straight or nearly straight from
the top board I through the holes in the trap board J and through the loops in
the needles K and the holes in the bottom board S. The needles then rest about
central instead of being normally pressed by the cords T towards the card cylinder
as is usual with those jacquards which have only one cylinder. Below the needles K
and crossing the said cords and extending almost from one side frame B' to the
other I provide what I call a tension frame U shewn separately by Fig. 18 which
consists of horizontal bars u connected together by the end and cross bars U. One
of these bars passes between each row of cords and there is one of the bars outside
each of the outer row of cords. In the machine shown there are ten rows of cords
and eleven of the horizontal bars u. The tension bars u are carried by four
props u one at each corner and the upper ends of these props taking loosely into.
inverted cup shaped holes u* in the ends U of the tension frame and the lower
ends of the props rest in similar cups u' fixed on the tie rods B³ which connect
together the lower parts of the end frames B¹ B'. The tension bars u are thus
free to move towards either of the cylinders A.¹ A³. When the cylinder which is.
in action (say the cylinder A' in Fig. 4) advances towards the needles the tension
frame U is by the mechanism which I will now describe advanced towards that
cylinder as shewn in Fig. 4 so that the bars u press the cords and needles towards.
the cards so that the cords of those needles which pass into the perforations in the
cards are trapped and lifted by the trap board; but before these cords are lifted
far the said bars move back to their normal position and the other cords which are
not trapped resume their normal vertical position. There is thus no sawing of the
bottom board and traps by the cords as the trap board moves up and down.
The said mechanism for actuating the tension frame U as above described is
arranged in the same manner at both ends of the frame U but for simplicity I will
restrict my description to the mechanism at one end only and refer more particularly
to Figs. 4 and 5. Vis a horizontal bar passing easily through the needle plates L' L
and of about the same length as the distance between the ends of the cylinders A' A'
when one of the cylinders is in its nearest position to the needle plate and the other
cylinder is in its farthest position therefrom. To about the centre of this bar is.
jointed one end of a lever which can turn about a lower fulcrum pin fixed to
the upright bracket vs. The lower part o* of this lever is slotted and engages.
with a side pin fixed to the upright lever ' the bottom of which turns about a
pin fixed to the bracket . On the lever there is also a pin which engages.
in a central top notch in the end of the frame U. When the cylinder say A

page_text: which (as shewn in Fig. 4) is in action advances towards the needles its end presses
against the corresponding end of the bar V and moves the bar V along and this
motion is by the lever reversed and communicated through the upright lever »
to the tension frame U which is thus moved and the vertical cords and needles
pressed towards the advancing cylinder A' as above described; and when the 5
cylinder A¹ moves back away from the needle plate the tension of the vertical
cords pressing against the bars u bring the bars back to their normal position. In
Fig. 4 the said mechanism for actuating the tension frame U is represented as
being operated by the cylinder A¹ the other cylinder A² being out of action, and
Fig. 5 shews the said mechanism in the position which the parts occupy when the
machine is reversed and the cylinder A*is brought into action and the other cylinder A'
thrown out of action. It will be observed that the upper end of the upright
lever vis inclined at each side and that there is a roller carried from the
underside of the trap board to act upon the inclined upper end of the lever v.
When the tension frame U is in its normal position and the trap board is raised so
far that the roller does not touch the lever the latter always inclines slightly
towards that cylinder which is in action so that when the trap board descends the
roller affixed thereto acts upon one of the inclined sides of the lever and
forces it and the tension frame over and puts the side tension on the vertical cords,
thus assisting the cylinder which is in action.
F
Instead of using the tension bars u below the needles as above described a
perforated board may be similarly employed and operated through which the
cords pass.
The bars V also serve as hereinafter described to move the shield W which I
provide above the trap board to ensure the vertical cords being properly trapped
and only those cords trapped which are required so to be. I prefer to use a trap
board of the kind shewn on an enlarged scale by Fig. 14 in which each of the
holes for the cords has a double trap that is a notch at each side of each hole.
The cards on both cylinders A' A' are then arranged the same that is with holes
to put the cords into trap. This kind of trap board is not new and I make no
claim in respect of it if used without the shield W. A part of this shield W is
shewn in plan on an enlarged scale by Fig. 15 and in position on the trap board by
Figs. 16 and 17 and by Figs. 4 and 5. The said shield W consists of a light
frame W (preferably made of mahogany) furnished with cross bars w¹ running
along the trap board from end to end and arranged the same distances apart as are
the longitudinal rows of holes in the trap board. This shield W rests upon the
trap board and moves up and down with it and the shield is moved to or fro thereon
when the machine is reversed so that whichever cylinder is in action the bars w¹ of
the shield will cover over the traps at one side of the holes which are not in use
and thus prevent the knots in the cords catching in those traps which are not in
use. Fixed to the front of the trap board J is a bar and there is a similar bar
at the back of the trap board these bars forming ledges to prevent the shield
moving too far either way. When either of the cylinders say the cylinder A¹
(Fig. 4) is brought into action it presses the rods V and throws the levers over
to the left hand and these levers act upon a pin ¹ on each of the slides which
by the hooks a respectively hang from the rods V so as to be free to slide to
and fro thereon. One end at of each of these slides a engages in the bottom end of
the downwardly depending rods 7 which at the top ends are fixed to the upper
part of the machine frame. Fixed to each end of the shield W is a bracket to
which is provided with rollers wow between which the rods xx7 pass.
When
either of the cylinders say the cylinder A¹ and its cards (Fig. 4) are brought into
action the cylinder A' presses the rods V and through the levers and slides
moves the rods and the shield W outwardly towards the cylinder A¹ so that
the bars w¹ of the shield will cover the right hand notches or traps as shewn in
Figs. 4 and 17 and prevent the knots of the cords catching therein. When the
cylinder A¹ is thrown out of action and the other cylinder A' and its cards are brought
into action this cylinder A* acting through the rods V and lever v' and slides

page_text: moves the rods xx³ and the shield W´in the opposite direction that is towards the
cylinder A and thus opens the right hand notches and covers the left hand notches
as shewn in Figs. 16 and 5.
When the holes in the trap board have only a single trap, that is a notch at one
side only, the cards on one of the cylinders, say the cylinder A' have to be the
reverse of the cards on the other cylinder A' that is to say, they have to have
blanks where there are holes in the other cards.
In order to prevent the needles K moving too far in either 'direction they have
each a small projection k¹ underneath see Figs. 12, 13 and 8 forming a stop a short
distance from one end which when the needle is moved endways in one direction
comes in contact with the needle plate L' and when moved to its extreme position
in the opposite direction comes into contact, as shewn in Fig. 8, with a vertical
grating (shewn on an enlarged scale by Fig. 10) which I provide for that
purpose. I am aware that the use of this grating with the needle plate is not new
and I do not make any exclusive claim in respect of it. Each of the needles is
cranked horizontally at k so that this cranked part will rest between the bars of
the grating L and with the cords T. prevent the needle K from turning round.
The said projection k¹ on the needle is very readily made by bending the needle
into a closed loop at that part as shewn in Fig. 12. When the needles are made
and arranged as above described no cross pins are required and any one needle can
be removed and replaced without disturbing the others by being first turned axially
through a short space to get the projection through the grating.
The accompanying drawings illustrate what I consider to be the best way of
carrying my said invention into practice but it is to be understood that my inven-
tion is not limited to the precise details shewn.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. In a Jacquard loom having a Jacquard cylinder and cards at the front and
another Jacquard cylinder and cards at the back, the employment of reversing
mechanism arranged and operating substantially as hereinbefore described and
illustrated by the accompanying drawings for throwing and maintaining either
Jacquard cylinder and its cards in action and simultaneously throwing and
maintaining the other Jacquard cylinder and its cards out of action as herein-
before set forth.
2. In a two cylinder Jacquard loom having reversing mechanism as denoted by
Claim 1, the use of mechanism arranged and operating substantially as herein-
before described and illustrated by the accompanying drawings for moving either
of the Jacquard cylinders which is in action to and from the needle plate by hand
as hereinbefore set forth.
3. In a Jacquard loom having a Jacquard cylinder and cards at the front and
another Jacquard cylinder and cards at the back and in combination with a trap
board such as J provided with cord holes having a notch or trap at each side, the
use of a shield such as W by which those traps which are not in use can be covered
to prevent the knots in the vertical cords being trapped therein, substantially as
hereinbefore described.
4. In a two cylinder Jacquard loom and in combination with the shield such
as W referred to in the preceding claim, the use of mechanism arranged and
operating substantially as hereinbefore described for reversing the position of the
shield by the Jacquard cylinder which is in action as herein before set forth.
5. In a two cylinder or a one cylinder Jacquard loom and in combination with
the cords which normally hang vertical or nearly so, the use of a tension frame
or board such as U arranged to move and press the cords and needles towards
the advancing Jacquard cylinder and cards and then after certain of the cords
are trapped, to move back to its normal position substantially as hereinbefore
set forth.

page_text: 6. In a two cylinder Jacquard loom and in combination with its vertical
cords and tension frame or board such as U arranged and operating as denoted
by Claim 5 the use of mechanism for causing the tension frame or board to move
towards that Jacquard cylinder which is advancing towards the needle, plate sub-
stantially as herein before set forth.
7. The improved construction of Jacquard needles substantially as hereinbefore
described and illustrated by Figs. 12 and 13 so as to dispense with the use of
cross pins and facilitate the removal and replacing of the needles, as hereinbefore
set forth.
8. In a Jacquard loom and in combination with the needle plates such as L' L'
and grating such as L' the use of needles of the construction substantially as
hereinbefore described and illustrated by Figs. 12 and 13 of the accompanying
drawings.
9. The general combination of parts constituting the improved two cylinder
Jacquard mechanism arranged for joint operation in the manner substantially as
hereinbefore described and illustrated by the accompanying drawings.
Dated this 18th day of December 1891.
CHARLES BOSWORTH KETLEY,
Agent for the Applicant.