IMPROVEMENTS IN AND CONNECTED WITH ELEVATORS OR LIFTS
Year: 1884

page_text: I, PHILIP MIDDLETON JUSTICE of 55 and 56 Chancery Lane in the County of
Middlesex, Fellow of the Institute of Patent Agents, do hereby declare the nature
of said invention for IMPROVEMENTS IN AND CONNECTED WITH ELEVATORS OR LIFTS,
a communication to me from abroad by the Tewksbury Automatic Elevator
Company Incorporated under the laws of the State of New York, United States of
America, Manufacturers, to be as follows:-
This invention relates to elevators and is an adaptation of the automatic stop
system as shown and described in specification of Letters Patent No 1230 of 1882
to a hydraulic elevator; and in the stop mechanism itself which is adapted to be
applied either to hydraulic systems or to elevators driven by belts.
The invention consists essentially in the combination of tho automatic stop
mechanism with the hydraulic elevator whereby any one of the series of stops or
projections may be set to come into contact with the moving parts of the apparatus
connected more or less directly with the car for the purpose of operating the valves
which control the flow of the fluid. It also consists in combining the automatic
with the hand operating system; and further in various other devices and combi-
nations thereof among which may be especially mentioned the slip motion whereby
the car is brought gradually to the same stopping place whether moving upward or
downward and also the improved indicator for the car in connection with the
mechanism by means of which the stopping of the car is assured at the indicated
point. The cylinder of the hydraulic clevator now described is supposed to be in
an horizontal position but may be placed in a perpendicular position if desired.
A pulley is supported upon a bracket and a second pulley is carried on the piston
at the opposite end of the cylinder, these pulleys operating with the hoisting rope,
in the ordinary manner. The apparatus is single acting, the cylinder being open
on the left hand end, and the water is admitted through a pipe through a three
way valve of ordinary construction in the cylinder. A pipe admits the water to
the cylinder which is discharged through a second pipe.
The water when discharged returns through the first pipe and the valve to the
cylinder. At the stem of the valve is a rack bar which incshes into a pinion fixed

page_text: to a third pulley. Concentric with and attached to the pinion is another pinion
which meshes into a circular rack on the shaft. The shaft is adapted to rock in
suitable bearings in which it has some sliding movement. This shaft carries fixed
collars and projections or studs. A stud fixed to a cross head of the second pulley
and sliding in ways or guides as the pulley advances or recedes, strikes, the collars
at both limits of its movement and between these limits at proper times determined
by the position of the car in respect to the various floors it strikes the before
mentioned projections. The general construction and operation is the same as that
described in the before mentioned specification, where the projection on the car
strikes projections on vertical rods in order to ship the belt to arrest the movement
of the car.
Movement of the second pulley with its cross head carrying the stud against the
described projection upon the shaft will impart to that shaft longitudinal movement
carrying with it the rack which rotates the pinions thus moving the stem of the
valve.
It will be understood that water passing in the cylinder, behind the piston, and
the elevator going up when the stud reaches the second stud. it carries it along
with itself, thereby shifting the valve until it closes the water-passage shutting off
the supply from the cylinder.
As soon as this is done the pulley stops and the apparatus remains in that
position.
It will be understood that all this impelling mechanism heretofore described is to
be located at some distance from the elevator.
In order therefore that means may be provided for turning the shaft at the will
of the attendant whether in the car or upon any floor, I have provided ropes which
are wound in opposite directions upon a drum splined upon the shaft. This rope
passes over pulleys and carries indexes, and the rope may be arranged either in the
car or in the elevator well within reach of an attendant upon the floor of any story.
The drum held between the shaft bearings causes longitudinal movement on the
shaft, and when the rope is drawn, the shaft is turned. The index fingers on the
rope point to index plates in suitable positions on the wall of the elevator well, and
sufficiently near to the path of the index finger to insure certain indication of the
position. The index plate is marked to indicate the different floors, and the
arrangement and marking is made to correspond to the position of the second studs
on the shaft so that when the rope is drawn to bring the index finger to any given
number on the plate, it will turn the shaft to bring the stud adapted to arrest tho
elevator at that floor into line with the first mentioned stud and this as before
explained will shift the valve to arrest the motion of the piston at that point. In
order to give the valve further movement to cause the piston to recede, and the car
to descend the ordinary hand rope may be employed, which passes over suitable
pulleys, and around the third pulley whereby the rope may be used to shift the
valve to any required position, by moving the valve further than the position
indicated in the above description, and water is thus allowed to escape, the piston
returns and the car descends. The rope may then be used to set the shaft to any
one of its studs in position for arresting the car at any desired floor, and then by
the second rope the car may be started.
By these means the apparatus is adapted to be operated either from the car or
from any given floor, and can be caused by the attendant upon one floor to move
from another, and return from that other, or it may be operated in the ordinary
manner from the car,
The motion of the shaft gradually moving the valve causes the apparatus to stop
with a gentle motion and relieves it from any shock or jar. The rack is not rigidly
connected to the shaft but is formed upon the sleeve adapted to slide within certain
limits upon said shaft. These limits are determined by fixed collars. The shaft
when moved by the stud has therefore some movement before one of the collars
comes into contact with the sleeve. The purpose of this is that the valve may be
moved gradually whether the car be going up or down for, it will be observed that

page_text: when the stud moves to the left and strikes upon the right hand side of the second
stud it will start the valve from its open position and should move it sufficiently to
close it. But supposing the valve to be opened for the discharge of the water, and
the car to be descending by its own weight, it will move the stud to the right and,
if it be desired to arrest the car in its downward movement at any given floor, the
second stud will be struck upon the left hand side by the right hand side of the
first stud. This will bring the parts out of adjustment to an extent equal to
the two studs and will cause the car to go by the floor instead of stopping gradually
at it, and to compensate for this the rack sleeve is given sufficient movement upon
the collars.
It will be understood that the construction just described relates to elevators
operated by hydraulic power but the operation and arrangement of the different
parts will be further referred to in connection with belt driven elevators.
When using belt driven elevators the drum on which the hoisting rope is wound
is driven by an ordinary worm gear from a shaft provided with the ordinary belt
pulleys. The belt shifting bar by movement across the face of the pulleys shifts
the belt for stopping starting or reversing in the ordinary manner. This bar at tho
other end is provided with a rack which meshes with a pinion fixed to a pulley
which is adapted to be moved by a rope, which rope passes up the well, through the
car and is operated in an obvious manner and serves to shift the belt on the
pulleys. On the same bar is another rack which is in engagement with a segment
having a pinion fixed to it and turning on the same axis. The pinion engages with
a double segment a segmental rack on the other end of which engages with a rack.
sleeve provided with circumferential ribs or teeth. This rack sleeve has limited
sliding movement on the shaft between fixed collars.
A rope passes around a pulley on the shaft, and extends up the elevator well
within the car and down over suitable pulleys returning to its connecting pulley.
It may be operated within the car and the shaft be turned by its operation so as
to bring any one of the studs or projections into line with the stud on the screw
shaft.
It should be understood that this screw shaft is connected by bevel gears to the
drum, and the nut carrying the stud being held from turning is caused to advance
by the rotation of the drum until it strikes a projection when it moves the shaft
longitudinally, and through the segments moves tho bar and shifts the belt. The
moving stud when the car is going one way strikes with its lower face upon the
upper face of the stud, and in going the other way strikes with its upper face upon
the lower face of the stud It would therefore happen as the car is arrested by the
motion of the stud that it would not be stopped at exactly the same point both
when descending and ascending. The variation and movement would amount in
extent to the sum of the thickness of the two studs. In order to compensate for
this the sleeve is made loose between the collars heretofore described and the shaft
is thus allowed a sufficient amount of movement before its fixed collar strikes the
sleeve and acts upon the shifting mechanism.
•
The shaft is free to move vertically and is provided with a counter balance
connected to the shaft by rope and swivel.
The rope through which the belt is shifted by hand, goes once around a wheel
provided with handles. The wheel turns freely when the car is going up and down
thus travelling on the rope, but when the car is stationary the turning of the wheel
acts upon the bar through the pinion and rack, and shifts the belt.
The indicator is placed in any suitable position in the car and a rope runs once
around it.
A pulley is fixed to a second shaft which has suitable bearings in the car frame.
Next to a collar on the said shaft is a sleeve which carries the index finger moving
over a graduated segment which is mounted upon a bracket fixed to the wall of
the car.
This sleeve turns on the shaft when not held thereto by a pawl, which pawl is
attached to a slide within the handle of the sleeve. The pawl is held normally out

page_text: of gear with a ratchet wheel on the shaft by a coil spring encircling the slide within
the handle
A stop pin limits the movement of the handle which has sufficient
movement however to allow the index finger to pass over the face of the graduated
segment.
When the pawl is thrown into connection with the ratchet wheel, it is apparent
that the shaft may be turned and with it the pulley which will move the index
finger over the segment.
The segment is marked with numbers indicating the different floors and as the
rope passes around the pulleys movement of the wheel when the car is stationary
will move the rope and will turn the shaft thus setting a stud for the desired floor
at the same time that the finger is moved to the number on the segment indicating
that floor.
The connection with the wheel and the spacing upon the segment are properly
adjusted to the distance of the particular stud from the starting point of the second
stud. When the pawl is out of gear the wheel turns freely as the car goes up and
down. The pawl is in engagement only when the car is stationary for then the
attendant sets the apparatus for any desired floor.
Dated this seventh day of August 1884

page_text: I, PHILIP MIDDLETON JUSTICE of 55 and 56. Chancery Lane in the County of
Middlesex, Fellow of the Institute of Patent Agents do hereby declare the nature
of said invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN AND CONNECTED WITH ELEVATORS OR
LIFTS a communication to me from abroad by the Tewksbury Automatic Elevator
Company Incorporated under the laws of the State of New York, United States
of America, Manufacturers, and in what manner the same is to be performed, to
be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement :—
This invention relates to elevators, and is an adaptation of the automatic stop
system as shown and described in Specification of Letters Patent No 1230 of 1882
to a hydraulic elevator and in' the stop mechanism itself which is adapted to bo
applied either to hydraulic systems or to elevators driven by belts.
The invention consists essentially in the combination of the automatic stop
mechanism with the hydraulic elevator whereby any one of the series of stops
or projections may be set to come into contact with the moving parts of tho
apparatus connected more or less directly with the car for the purpose of operating
the valves which control the flow of the fluid. It also consists in combining the
automatic with the hand operating system and further in various other devices and
combinations thereof among which may be especially mentioned the slip motion
whereby the car is brought gradually to the saine stopping place whether moving
upward or downward and also the improved indicator for the car in connection
with the mechanism by means of which the stopping of the car is assured at the
indicated point.
To clearly explain the invention, reference is made to the accompanying drawings
which form part thereof :-
In these drawings
Fig 1 shows a side elevation of the essential parts of the elevator and the
hydraulic mechanism.
Fig 2 shows the mechanism for operating the valves controlling the hydraulic
action, on an enlarged scale.
Fig 3 is a detail view of the pulley and pinion E. e.
Figure 4 represents the mechanism for operating the car and providing the slip
motion referred to the mechanism being represented as adapted to an elevator to
be driven by belts; the car is shown as open so as to show the starting and
indicating devices.
Figure 5 is a perspective view of the indicator detached from the car.
In Figures 1, 2, & 3, A represents the cylinder of the hydraulic elevator shown
in an horizontal position but which may be placed in a perpendicular position if
desired. The pulley B is supported upon a bracket and the pulley B₁ is carried
on the piston, at the opposite end of the cylinder, these pulleys operating with the
hoisting rope C in the ordinary manner.
::
The apparatus is single acting the cylinder being open on the left hand end and
the water is admitted through the pipe a, through a three way valve of ordinary
construction in the cylinder D. A pipe b admits the water to the cylinder D, which
is discharged through the pipe c. The water when discharged returns through the
pipe a, and the valve to the cylinder D. At the stem of the valve d is a rack bar
which meshes into a pinion e fixed to the pulley E. Concentric with and attached
to the pinion e is another pinion f which meshes into the circular rack F, on the
shaft G. This shaft is adapted to rock in suitable bearings in which it has some
Bliding movement.
..8

page_text: i
This shaft carries fixed collars 9 g and projections or studs h, h. A stud H fixed
to a cross head of the pulley B¹ and sliding in ways or guides as the pulley advances
or recedes strikes the collars 9,g, at both limits of its movement and between these
limits at proper times determined by the position of the car in respect to the various
floors it strikes the projections h h. The general construction and operation is the
same as that described in the before mentioned specification where the projection
on the car strikes projections on vertical rods in order to ship the belt to arrest the
movement of the car.
Movement of the pulley B¹ with its cross head carrying the stud H, against the
:described projection upon the shaft G, will impart to that shaft longitudinal move-
ment carrying with it the rack F, which rotates the pinions f-e, thus moving the
stem d of the valve.
.
The arrangement and adjustment of the parts are such that supposing the
pulley B¹ to start from the position shown in Figure 1, that is, with the elevator
down its motion to the left will bring it in contact with that particular one of the
studs h which happens to be in line with it.
In this case it will be understood that water passing in the cylinder behind the
piston and the elevator going up, where the stud H, reaches the stud h, it carries
it along with itself, thereby shifting the valve until it closes the water passage
'shutting off the supply from the cylinder.
As soon as this is done the pulley stops and the apparatus remains in that
position.
It will be understood that all this impelling mechanism heretofore described is to
be located at some distance from the elevator.
In the present embodiment as shown it is in the basement beneath the elevator.
In order therefore that means may be provided for turning the shaft G at the will
of the attendant whether in the car or upon any floor, ropos k k are provided
which are wound in opposite directions upon the drum k, splined upon the shaft G.
This rope passes over pulleys as shown in Figure 1, and carries indexes ll¹³ and
the rope may be arranged either in the car or in the elevator well within reach of
an attendant upon the floor of any storey the drum k. held between the shaft
bearings causes longitudinal movement on the shaft, and when the rope is drawn,
the shaft G is turned. The index fingers on the rope point to index plates
LLL' in suitable positions on the wall of the elevator well, and sufficiently near
to the path of the index finger to insure certain indication of the position. The
index plate L. is marked as at 1, 2, 3, to indicate the different Hoors and tho
arrangement and marking is made to correspond to the position of the studs & on
the shaft G so that when the rope k is drawn to bring the index finger / to any
given number on the plate, it will turn the shaft G to bring the stud adapted to
arrest the elevator, at that floor into line with the stud H and this as before
explained will shift the valve to arrest the motion of the piston at that point.
.
In order to give the valve further movement to cause the piston to recede, and
the car to descend, the ordinary hand rope m may be employed which passes over
suitable pulleys as shown in Figure 1, and around pulley E, whereby the rope m
may be used to shift the valve to any required position by moving the valve
further than the position indicated in the above description, and water is thus
allowed to escape the piston returns and the car descends.
The rope may then be used to set the shaft G, to any one of its studs h in
position for arresting the car at any desired floor, and then by the rope m the car
may be started.
By these means the apparatus is adapted to be operated either from the car or
from any given floor, and can be caused by the attendant upon one floor to move
from another and return from that other, or it may be operated in the ordinary
manner from the car.
The motion of the shaft G gradually moving the valve causes the apparatus to
stop with a gentle motion and relieves it from any shock or jar. The rack F is
not rigidly connected to the shaft G, but is formed upon the sleeve adapted to slide

page_text: within certain limits upon said shaft. . These limits are determined by fixed collars o
The shaft G, when moved by the stud H has therefore some movement before one
of the collars o comes into contact with the sleeve. The purpose of this is that
the valve may be moved gradually whether the car be going up or down, for it:
will be observed that when the stud H moves to the left and strikes upon the right
hand side of the stud hit will start the valve from its open position and should
move it sufficiently to close it. But supposing the valve to be opened for the
discharge of the water, and the car to be descending by its own weight it will.
move the stud H, to the right, and if it be desired to arrest the car in its down-
ward movement at any given floor, the stud h will be struck upon the left hand
side by the right hand side, of the stud H. This will bring the parts out of
adjustment to an extent equal to the two studs and will cause the car to go by the
floor instead of stopping gradually at it and to compensate for this the rack sleeve F
is given sufficient movement upon the collars o.
It will be understood that the construction just described relates to elevators
operated by hydraulic power but the operation and arrangement of the different
parts will be further referred to in connection with the belt driven elevators.
It will of course be understood that no claim is made for the special construction
of pulleys and valves nor to the hydraulic apparatus what is shown being a well
known form; any equivalent of these devices may be used instead. .
Referring to figures 4 & 5, A¹ represents a drum on which a hoisting rope a' is
wound. This is driven by an ordinary worm gear from the shaft B provided with
the ordinary belt pulleys 61 61 61. The belt shifting bar C' by movement across the
face of the pulleys shifts the belt for stopping starting or reversing in the ordinary
manner. This bar at the other end is provided with a rack of which meshes with a
pinion fixed to pulley D which is adapted to be moved by rope d' which rope passes
up the well, through the car and operated in an obvious manner serves to shift tho
belt on the pulleys b'. .On the same bar C¹ is another rack o' which is in engage-
ment with the segment El having a pinion e¹ fixed to it and turning on the same axis.
The pinion ongages with a double segment F¹ a segmental rack, on the other end of
which engages with the rack sleeve G¹ provided with circumferential ribs or teeth.
This rack sleeve has limited sliding movement on the shaft H₁ between fixed
collars fand g'. The rope h' passes around the pulley K' on the shaft H' and
extends up the elevator well within the car, and down over suitable pulleys
returning to its connecting pulley K¹.
It may be operated within the car and the shaft H be turned by its operation
so as to bring any one of the studs or projections k¹ into line with the stud on
the screw shaft L.
It will be understood that this screw shaft is connected by bevel gears to the
drum and the nut carrying the stud being held from turning, is caused to advance
by the rotation of the drum until it strikes the projection / when it moves the
shaft H longitudinally, and through the segments E¹, F, moves the bar C and
shifts the belt. The moving stud when the car is going one way strikes with its
lower face upon the upper face of the stud /c and in going the other way strikes
with its upper face upon the lower face of the stud k. It would therefore happen
as the car is arrested by the motion of the stud that it would not be stopped at
exactly the same point, both when descending and ascending. The variation and
movement would amount in extent to the sum of the thickness of the two studs.
In order to compensate for this the sleeve G¹ is made loose between the collars
heretofore described and the shaft H' is thus allowed a sufficient amount of
movement before its fixed collar f¹ or g₁ as the case may be strikes the sleeve G¹
and acts upon the shifting mechanism.
The shaft H is free to move vertically and is provided with a counter balance m,
connected to the shaft by rope and swivel.
The rope & through which the belt is shifted by hand, goes once around a
wheel provided with handles. The wheel turns freely when the car is going up
and down, thus travelling on the rope, but when the car is stationary, the
J

page_text: turning of the wheel acts upon the bar C¹ through the pinion and rack and shifts
the belt.
The indicator is shown at O, it is placed in any suitablo position in the car as
shown in Figure 4 and the rope ¹ runs once around it. The construction of the
indicator and operation are shown more clearly in Figuro 5. The pulley p is fixed
to the shaft I which has suitable bearings in the car frame. Next to a collar g on
the shaft I is a sleeve which carries the index finger 8 moving over a graduated
segment S which is mounted upon a bracket fixed to the wall of the car. This
sleeve r turns on the shaft I when not held thereto by the pawl q₁ which pawl is
attached to a slide qª within the handle t of the sleeve r. The pawl q is held
normally out of gear with the ratchet wheel w on the shaft I by a coil spring u
encircling the slide q within the handle t. The stop pin v limits the movement of
the handle which has sufficient movement however to allow the index finger to pass
over the face of the graduated segment. When the pawl is thrown into connection
with the ratchet wheel wit is apparent that the shaft may be turned and with it
the pulley p which will move the index finger over the segment. The segment is
marked with numbers indicating the different floors and as the rope h
around the pulleys p¹ movement of the wheel when the car is stationary, will move
the rope and will turn the shaft H³ thus setting a stud for the desired floor at
the same time that the figure is moved to the number on the segment indicating
that floor.
passes
The connection with the wheel and the spacing upon the segment are properly
adjusted to the distance of the particular stud from the starting point of the
stud . When the pawl is out of gear the wheel turns freely as the car goes up
and down The pawl is in engagement only when the car is stationary for then
the attendant sets the apparatus for any desired floor.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed,
. I declare that what I claim is :-
1. In combination with the valve of a bydraulic elevator, mechanisms provided
with a series of studs adapted to be brought into line with the moving stud upon
or carried by the elevator piston whereby the valve is automatically moved
substantially as described.
2. In combination with the valve the shaft G adapted to be rocked by the
rope k and carrying studs adapted to be brought into line with and moving by the
stud carried by the elevator piston.
3. In an elevator and in combination an automatic device for arresting the
impelling mechanism capable of being set at any given floor to arrest at any given
floor and means substantially as described within reach of the attendant upon the
car whereby the impelling mechanism may be operated to stop or start by the
attendant,
4. The combination with the described automatic arresting mechanism of a rope
adapted to set the studs for arresting the car at any given floor, and the index
fingers and plates substantially as described.
5. The combination of the cylinder A pulleys B, B' stud H, shaft G studs h h,
rack F and connections with the valve stem and means for rotating the shaft Q all
as described.
6. The combination with the mechanism of the elevator and the shaft H having
projections of the rack sleeve G¹ & collars upon the shaft as f¹ & gl set at a
distance from the sleeve and mechanisın between said rack sleeve and the shifting
bar substantially as described.
7. In combination with the automatic stop apparatus of an elevator, a rack
connection between the shaft which carries the stop projections and the belt shifting
bar, said bar having limited movement in relation to the rack as and for the
purpose set forth.
8. In an elevator and in combination with automatic stop mechanism and indi-
cator connected to said mechanism by means of ropes or equivalent connection

page_text: said indicator being attached to the car and adapted to turn over a graduated scale
and adjust the stop mechanism substantially as described.
9. The wheel or pulley mounted on suitable shaft within the car of an elevator
and connected by a rope or equivalent device to the automatic stop mechanism, an
index finger mounted loosely on the same shaft and a pawl and ratchet whereby
said finger is connected to the shaft as described.
10. The combination in an elevator of the automatic stop mechanism and a
hand mechanism as described.
11. In combination with the shifting bar C¹ the shaft H. provided with stops or
projections adapted to be brought into line with the moving projections connected
to the drum and intermediate gearing whereby motion of the shaft is communicated
to the bar in combination with the hand rope & wheel connected to the same
bar C¹ as described.
12. The combination in the described elevator of the shaft H & counter
weight m.
13. The combination in the described elevator of the hand wheel N, the ropo
and means for connecting the rope with the shifting bar C¹ as described..
Dated this fifth day of December TOOM
PHILIP M. JUSTICE,