Improvements in Tool Holders and Tools for the same.
Year: 1888

page_text: Date of Application, 17th July, 1888
Complete Specification Left, 20th Mar., 1889
Complete Specification Accepted, 25th May, 1889
Improvements in Tool Holders and Tools for the same.
I, JOHANNES THEODOR PEDERSEN, of No. 232, East 27th Street, in the City of New
York, New York, United States of America, Machinist, do hereby declare the nature
of this Invention to be as follows:--
The tool is a metal bar, the ends of which, on the shank, or the entire body thereof,
is similar to two longitudinal strips intersecting each other, and forming a cross in
its sectional shape, so as to pass into a holder that is fourpart, having crossing slots
or mortices of a size adapted to receive the cross portion tool, so that the tool is
supported in all directions in the holder, and simply requires to be clamped
sufficiently to prevent its falling out in handling. In some tools the cutting or
operative end is at both ends of the bar, as such bar can be reversed, and either
end be received into the holder, and the metal is ground or filed away to make the
proper shape at the end or ends for the chisel, screw-driver, reemer, boring bit, tap
or other tool.
The holder is composed of the before-named part with crossing mortices or slots
for receiving the tool: this is properly the chuck portion of the holder, and around
it is a case or sleeve, or screw tube, which is forced down around the four parts of
Sometimes
the chuck to contract or press them upon the tool and hold the same.
this chuck is made separate from a screw stock that is screwed into the sleeve
behind it to force the chuck into the tapering portion of the sleeve, and this stock
is upon a handle that is hollow and adapted to receive separate tools, or for the bar
of the tool to pass through the chuck into the handle.
In cases where the chuck is made with a stem having around it near the back end
ratchet teeth that are parallel and run longitudinal, such stem is received into a tube
on the handle, and there are pawls within the tube standing in opposite directions,
and a spring to throw the pawl ends against the ratchet teeth and lock the stem
tightly in the tube of the handle, but if either pawl is moved away from the ratchet
teeth by pulling its axis along endwise and within the tube, the other pawl remains
in gear with the teeth, and the handle can be oscillated or turned first one way and

page_text: then the other around the axis that passes longitudinally through the tool, and the
pawl will run back over the teeth in one direction and act to rotate the tool when
moved in the other direction.
+
When this tool holder is to be used with a chisel or cutting tool, one cross slot is
deeper than the other so that a rib or one wing of the cross shaped bar may stop
against the bottom of the shallow slot to prevent pressure forcing the cutting edge
against the bottom of the deep slot, and where the chuck is connected to a wooden
bandle there is preferably a shank with wings to drive into the wood of the handle,
and a metal ferrule around the end of the wood with a flange to cover the ends of
the wings and of the wood and the back edge of the ferrule pressed into the wood 1
to hold it firmly in place.
17
ERNEST DE PASS, Fel. Inst. P.A.,
68, Fleet Street, London,
Agent for the Applicant.

page_text: Improvements in Tool Holders and Tools for the same.
I, JOHANNES THEODOR PEDERSEN, of 232 East 27th Street, in the City of New
York, New York, United States of America, machinist, do hereby declare the nature
of this Invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement, reference being had to
the accompanying drawings and to the letters and figures marked thereon, that
is to say:
The tool is a metal bar the ends of which, or the shank, or the entire body'
thereof, is similar to two longitudinal strips intersecting each other and forming a
cross in the sectional shape, so as to pass into a holder. that is four part, having
crossing slots, or mortices, of a size adapted to receive the cross portion tool, so that
the tool is supported, in all directions, in the holder, and simply requires to be
clamped sufficiently to prevent its falling out in handling. In some tools the cutting
or operative end is at both ends of the bar, as such bar can be reversed and either
end be received into the holder, and the metal is ground or filed away to make the
proper shape at the end, or ends, for a chisel, screw-driver, reamer, boring bit, tap
or other tool.
The holder is composed of the before named part with crossing mortices or slots
for receiving the tool. This is properly the clutch portion of the holder, and around
it is a case or sleeve, or screw tube, which is forced down around the four parts of
the clutch to contract or press them upon the tool and hold the same.
Sometimes
this clutch is made separate from a screw-stock that is screwed into the sleeve
behind it to force the clutch into the tapering portion of the sleeve, and this stock
is upon a handle that is hollow and adapted to receive separate tools, or for the har
of the tool to pass through the chuck into the handle.
In cases where the chuck is made with a stem having around it near the back end.
ratchet teeth that are parallel and run longitudinal, such stem is received into a tube:
on the handle, and there are pawls within the tube, standing in opposite directions,
and a spring to throw the pawl ends against the ratchet teeth and lock the stem.
tightly in the tube of the handle, but if either pawl is moved away from the ratchet.
teeth, by pulling its axis along end wise and within the tube, the other pawl remains
in gear with the teeth and the handle can be oscillated or timed first one way and
then the other around the axis that passes longitudinally through the tool; and the
pawl will run back over the teeth in one direction and act to rotate the tool when
moved in the other direction.
When this tool holder is to be used with a chisel or cutting tool, one cross slot is.'
deeper than the other, so that a rib or one wing of the cross-shaped bar may stop
against the bottom of the shallow slot to prevent pressure forcing the cutting edge;
against the bottom of the deep slot, and where the clutch is connected to a wooden
handle there is preferable a shank, with wings, to drive into the wood of the handle,
and a metal ferrule around the end of the wood with a flange to cover the ends of

page_text: the wings and of the wood and the back edge of the ferrule pressed into the wood to
hold it firmly in place.
:
In the drawings: Fig. 1 is a vertical section of the tool holder and elevation of
the tool Fig. 2 is a side view of the chuck: Fig. 3 is a side view of the screw
upon the handle: Fig. 4 is an inverted plan of the spring chuck: Fig. 5 is an end
view of the handle; and Fig. 6 shows end view of the tools or tool stock: Fig. 7 is
a longitudinal section of the tool holder, the axis of the pawls being in elevation.
Fig. 8 is a sectional plan below the line a, x, of Fig. 7. Fig. 9 is a detached
elevation of the tool holder upon which are the ratchet teeth: Fig. 10 is a perspective
view of the two pawls, and Fig. 11, is a perspective view of the spring for said
pawls Figs. 12 & 13 represent tools of different characters adapted to be used with
the chuck last mentioned: Fig. 14 is a perspective view of said chuck without its
screw sleeve: Fig. 15 is a vertical section of tool-holding chuck and its handle, and
Fig. 16 is a rear view of the tool-holding chuck.
:
In Figs. 1 to 6, inclusive, my tool holder is shown with the chuck separate from
the screw that receives the sleeve surrounding the chuck, and in Figs. 7, 9, 14, 15
the screw for the sleeve is shown as upon the clutch itself.
Referring to Figs. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6, the handle A is preferably of wood and
hollow, and around the open end thereof is the tubular screw B, the end portion of
which is notched at 3, and the screw-thread adjacent to this notch is preferably
removed. The tubular case C is adapted to screw upon the outside of the tubular
screw B and handle, and the end is provided with a tapering opening for receiving
the chuck, and the screw thread within this case C at the inner end is turned off or
released, so that the chuck E which has a screw thread 5 around its base, may be
screwed into the case C, and as soon as the screwed portion 5 passes into this recessed
portion 6 of the case the chuck may be revolved regardless of the screw upon its
edge; but this screw upon its edge prevents the chuck falling out of the case C
when the handle A and screw B are removed from the case C to give access to the
hollow interior of the handle, into which handle tools, or bits, can be inserted. Io
this manner provide for keeping the case and the chuck in their proper relative
positions and allow these two parts. to be removed from the hollow handle
containing the bits or tools, and the chuck and case when screwed in place close up
the end of the hollow handle to retain the bits or tools therein.
1
The chuck itself is divided into four parts by the cross slots 7 and 8 ; but these
are connected by the rear or hub portion 9, and upon the base of the chuck there
are the cross projecting portions 10, that pass into and are received by the slots 3 in
the tubular screw B; hence the power that is made use of to rotate the screw-driver,
or other tool, is transmitted directly from the handle A and notched tubular screw B,
to the chuck E, and the tool contained therein, and the object of the screw-case C is
simply to contract the externally tapering jaws of the chuck sufficiently to hold the
tool in place.
The tool T itself, or the base thereof, is made of metal, the cross section of which
is a cross, the arms of the cross being of greater or less length, as illustrated in
Fig. 6, which shows two lengths of such arms: but the thicknesses of the arms
should be the same, or nearly so, to correspond to the longitudinal incisions 7 and 8
in the chuck, so that the tool will be rotated by the chuck without the posibility of
its slipping around therein, and the only object in contracting the chuck upon the
tool is to produce sufficient friction to prevent the tool dropping endwise out of
the chuck.
By this improvement I am able to grasp, by the chuck, tools that are large or
small, because the lengths of the arms of the cross may vary from a very small size
to the largest size that will pass through the opening in the case C, as indicated by
dotted lines in Figs. 1 and 6; and a two-ended screwdriver may be made from the
sectionally cross shaped metal by removing two of the sides near the end, as
indicated at 12, Fig. 1, or by filing notches at the ends of two arms of the cross as
seen at 13 Fig. 1, and leaving the end of the other two arms projecting, the end of
the screw driver is formed; or the metal at the edges of the cross may be tapering,
.

page_text: as seen by the dotted. lines 14 Fig. 1, to form a reamer, and in fact any tool adapted
to this holder can be made out of steel wire, or rods, that are sectionally a cross to
fit the chuck.
The metal bar of which the tool is formed may be a cross in its sectional shape
throughout its length, except where the metal is removed at or near one or both
ends to form the operative portion of the tool, or the shank or body of the tool may
be round or prismatic and the cross portion only be at the end or ends of the tool
as hereinafter set forth.
When the metal of the screw-driver is a cross in section near the point of such
screwdriver, and the points are left at each side of the screw-driver by filing, as
at 13, the same steady the screw and keep it in line with the screw-driver while
being driven in, and the screw-driver can be filed up very easily.
If the handle A is of metal, the tubular screw B may be in one piece therewith.
Referring to Figs. 7 to 11 inclusive, the chuck or tool holder E is made with the
cross slots 7 and 8 to receive the tool, as aforesaid, but the tool is clamped in the
chuck by the direct action of the tubular case C which is tapering at one end and
provided with an internal screw thread to screw upon the screw-threaded portion of
the chuck E and thereby compress the slotted portions of the chuck sufficiently to
securely hold the tool in place.
At the end of the handle or holder A, is a tubular stock H, into which the chuck E
passes, and the bore or opening within this tubular stock is enlarged, so as to contain
the teeth 26 upon the chuck or tool holder E and also the pawls F, G, and spring H¹,
and by preference there is a metal plate K at the end of the handle A against which
the inner end of the chuck E rests, as in Fig. 7.
The stock His perforated longitudinally for the reception of the shafts or axes 18
of the pawls F, and G. These axes are cylindrical and formed with or permanently
attached to the respective pawls, and there is an off-set, head, or notch at 20 upon
each axis, by which the thumb or finger can be applied in moving the axis and the
pawl endwise of the axes, the stock H being turned off, or slotted, at 22, to give
access to the axes of the respective pawls.
The spring His preferably a bow with parallel projecting ends and edges 24 the
bow being placed within the cylindrical recess or bore of the stock H and the parallel
ends 24 of the spring bear against the backs of the respective pawls F, G, to throw
the ends of those pawls toward the cylindrical portion of the tool holder or chuck E
and the distance at 15 between the ends of the teeth 26 and the end of the tool
holder E is greater than the width of the respective pawls, so that when either pawl
is moved endwise of its axis by the thumb or finger applied to the axis the end of
the pawl may be brought against the cylindrical portion 15 of the tool holder, where
there are no teeth for the pawl to act against; thence this pawl will be inoperative;
but either or both pawls can be kept with their ends in contact with the teeth 26 upon
the chuck or tool holder E. When both pawls are in contact with the respective
teeth 26, as seen in Fig. 8, the chuck or tool holder E will be blocked and hold
firmly in the handle and can be turned either way thereby. When one pawl is thrown
out of action, the tool-holder will be revolved by the other pawl in one direction by
oscillating the handle, and when the first named pawl is brought into action, and the
other thrown out, the tool holder will be revolved the other way.
By this improvement the pawls and axis can be made very strong and they occupy.
but little space, and either one or both can be brought into or out of action.
It is preferable to form upon the middle of each edge 24, of the spring H', a slight
bow or projection at 16 so that either pawl passing endwise by the same will be
held sufficiently by this projection to prevent the pawl slipping accidentally into a
different position while the tool is in use.
Referring to Figs. 12 to 16, inclusive, the chuck or tool holder E is made with the
cross slots 7 and 8, but the slot 8 is much shorter than the slot 7 for a purpose next
explained.
The blade of the tool is of a thickness adapted to pass into the slot 7 of the tool
holding chuck E, and there are ribs 38 running partially along the flat portions of,

page_text: the blade, either at both sides of the same, as shown in Fig. 12, or at only one side
of the same, as shown in Fig. 13, and these ribs 38 are of a size adapted to pass
into the short slots & in the tool holding chuck E. The sleeve C, is fitted to screw
freely upon the screw thread around the tool holding chuck E, and the outer ends of
the jaws of the chuck E, are tapering and the inner part of the end of the sleeve C
is also tapering, so that when the sleeve () is screwed tightly upon the chuck E, the
blade portion of the tool that passes into the slot 7 will be tightly clamped by the
jaws being sprung toward each other by the action of the inclines and the screw
sleeve. Thereby the tool will be held from dropping out, and the rib or ribs 38
passing into the slot 8 form a stop that prevents the tool sliding into the tool-holder
after the end of the rib touches the bottom of the slot 8, so that any pressure or
hammering action exerted upon the tool is taken by the end of the rib, or ribs, 38,
and there is no risk of injury to the cutting end of the tool, and the tool cannot
move laterally, because the ribs 38 fitting the groove 8, maintain the tool in line
with the tool holder and its handle.
By slackening the screw sleeve the tool can be taken out with facility and reversed,
or another tool substituted. Of course it is to be understood that where the screw-
driver, chisel, or other tool is too wide to pass through the opening at the end of the
screw-sleeve C, the tool cannot be reversed, and the portion passing into the tool
holding stock is only the shank of the tool, but it is to be made in either of the
forms represented for the ends of the tools in Figs. 12 and 13. In Fig. 12 the tool
is shown with scrow-driver ends, and in Fig. 13 with chisel ends.
The tool holding chuck is made with a shank or tang S adapted to pass into a
hole bored into the end of the handle A, which handle is preferably of hard wood,
and there are wings i, at the base of the chuck E which pass into slots or mortices
cut across the end of the handle A. These parts are made to fit tightly, as the
shank is driven into the wood, and as an additional security for holding handle and
chuck-stock together I make use of a ferrule L which is provided with a narrow
inward flange 25 that laps over the outer edges of the wings i, and this ferrule is
slightly tapering so as to be driven tightly over the slightly tapering end of the
wooden handle A, and the ferrule is firmly secured to the wood by the edges 36
being indented and pressed into the wood by a knurling tool which, not only forces
the flange of the metal into the wood, but also corrugates the same so that it will not
become loose or revolve around the end of the wooden handle.
By the construction before described of the respective parts the handle and tool
are very rigidly united, and one tool can be easily substituted for another, and the
tool holder can be used in any of the ordinary ways. It may be revolved with a
screw-driver, or held firmly in any desired position with a turning tool, or driven
endwise with a chisel or gouge.
Having particularly described and ascertained my Invention and in what manner
the same may be carried into effect, I claim :-
1. The combination with the tubular handle A, and the tubular screw B thereon
and notched at the end, of the chuck E at the end of the screw B and divided
longitudinally into four parts by slots that cross each other, and provided with
projections at the rear to pass into the notches of the screw, and the tubular case C
surrounding the chuck and the screw B, substantially as set forth.
2. The combination with the handle A and screw B, of the tubular case C having
an internal screw thread- and recessed at 6, and the chuck E having a screw thread
around its base, substantially as set forth.
3. The tool and its shank formed of a straight metal bar that is a cross in its
sectional shape throughout its length, except at the end, where the metal is
removed more or less to form the operative portion of the tool, substantially as
set forth.
4. A screw-driver formed of metal which is a cross in its sectional shape, with
two of the arms of the cross notched at their end, as at 13 at the sides of the screw
driver end, substantially as set forth.

page_text: 5. The combination with the tool holder having ratchet teeth thereon, of a stock
surrounding the same, and pawls having cylindrical axes, from which the pawls
project laterally in opposite directions, the cylindrical axis being parallel to the axis
of the tool holder and capable of movement end wise to bring the pawl into or out of
action, substantially as set forth.
6. The combination in a ratchet drill, of a tool-holder having teeth thereon, two
separate pawls, each having a cylindrical axis, from which the pawl projects laterally,
a stock surrounding the tool holder and having a separate hole for the recoption of
each pawl axis, and a space in which the pawl may be moved laterally and in the
direction of its axis, and a bow spring to press the oppositely acting pawls toward
the teeth, substantially as set forth.
7. The combination with the tool holder having teeth upon its surface, of a stock
surrounding the tool holder and having a cylindrical recess, and the pawls standing
in opposite directions and having cylindrical axes received into holes in the stock,
and an arched spring within the stock and acting against the pawls, and having the
parallel edges 24 and projections 16 for the purposes and substantially as set forth.
8. The improved tool-holder and tool composed of a chuck stock having and
exterior screw thread and a long mortice or incision, 7, through said stock to form
spring jaws, and short intermediate mortices or incisions, 8, through said stock, and
a screw sleeve surrounding said stock and tapering near the end to close the spring
jaws, in combination with a reversible tool having two end portions or blades flattened,
and of a thickness adapted to pass into the long mortice 7 of the stock, and having
one or more ribs 38 upon the flattened end portions adapted to pass into the
incisions 8 of the stock, substantially as set forth.
9. The combination with a tool holding chuck E having a long mortice 7, and a
short mortice 8, of a tool having flattened ends or blade portions of a thickness
adapted to pass into the long mortice 7 of the stock, and the ribs on one side of the
flattened blade portions and adapted to pass into the incision 8, substantially as
set forth.
.
10. The combination with a tool holding chuck E, having a long mortice 7, and a
short mortice 8, of a tool having flattened ends or blade portions of a thickness
adapted to pass into the long nortice 7 of the stock, and the ribs on one side of the
flattened blade portions and adapted to pass into the incision 8, the length of the
flattened end portions of the tool being less than the depth of the mortice 7, so that
the pointed ends of the tool do not come into contact with the bottom of the mortice,
substantially as set forth.
11. The combination with the screw sleeve and the handle slotted crosswise at one
end; of the tool holding chuck E having a short solid shank or tang S, and the
four protecting wings passing into the slots in the handle A, substantially as
set forth.