matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN PROPELLING STEAM SHIPS
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Griffiths Hughes at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
11th May 1872.
I, JOHN GRIFFITHS HUGHES, of Number 23, Cousin Street, in the
Borough of Sunderland, in the County of Durham, Engineer, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PROPELLING
STEAM SHIPS," to be as follows:-
I reduce the diameter of propeller about one-third of those in general
use, according to the tonnage of the ships for which they are employed.
The angle of the blades at the boss is about forty-five degrees, and
diminishes to sixty-five at the extreme diameter of blades; but I do
not confine myself to this angle, as the angle can be varied according to
the engine power employed to drive the ship. I employ a screw
propeller with two, three, or four blades, as the case may require, cast
or fixed upon the boss in a spiral form, four or five inches in advance of
cach other. I enclose the propeller in a tube fixed upon the stern post of
the ship and about six inches larger in diameter inside than the propeller.
This tube varies in length and diameter as the case may require, the
ordinary length of tube being about three feet six inches. The tube

page_text: may be made of malleable iron, of brass, or copper, and perfectly strong,
'so as to resist any blow to which the ship may be subjected without
injuring the screw.
What I claim as my Invention is, the entire prevention of the slip
of the screw by the principle I employ of enclosing it in a tube, as
herein specified, whereby the water is prevented from flying off the
blades of the propeller, and what I wish to be distinctly understood is,
that by enclosing the screw upon the principle described I am enabled
to employ a propeller of a smaller diameter than those at present in use,
which is a saving in motive power, and the form of screw I employ as
described will work in a body of unbroken water, which will run freely
through the tube when the ship is in motion.
The advantages to be gained by my Invention are increased speed
according to power employed and saving in fuel.
I also claim as my Invention a mode of making the propeller flanges 1
separate from the boss, and of steel, so that they can be fixed by plates
and removed for repair or in order to substituto new ones.
IMPROVEMENTS IN TREATING EARTHS OR MATERIALS CONTAINING METALLIC OXIDES AND IN OBTAINING PRODUCTS THEREFROM, AND IN THE USE OF SUCH PRODUCTS
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Rowe at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 25th
October 1872.
I, EDWARD ROWE, of Brentwood, in the County Essex, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN TREATING
EARTHS OR MATERIALS CONTAINING METALLIC OXIDES AND IN OBTAINING PRODUCTS
THEREFROM, AND IN THE USE OF SUCH PRODUCTS," to be as follows:-
The improvements consists in treating earths or materials containing
oxides by cleansing and roasting such materials, afterwards pulverizing
them and using the product for polishing purposes, also for cements, and
as vehicles for colors.
The improvements may be performed as follows:-Take any necessary
amount of earth or material containing metallic oxide; I find that clay
or loam containing metallic oxide is a convenient and cheap material.
Then wash or otherwise cleanse the said earth or material, after which
mould or form it into couvenient pieces or shapes for insertion into any
convenient kiln or oven, then roast the said earth or material shaped as

page_text: above to the necessary amount required, for instance till the material
forms itself into a more or less dry powdery form, then grind down by
any convenient machine the dry or powdery material to the desired
fineness, and it is then ready for use as a polisher. When required for
cementing purposes mix thoroughly with about one-sixteenth of its
bulk with sugar of lead, then make plastic with water or fluid, and apply
to steam joints and such like. When used for colors take the desired
quantity of powdered material from the grinding machinery as above.
AN IMPROVED SYSTEM OF PUBLICITY
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Gabriel Le Monnier and Joseph
Cochet at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 19th June 1872.
We, GABRIEL LE MONNIER and JOSEPH COCHET, of No. 3, Rue
Perdonnet, Paris, France, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "AN IMPROVED SYSTEM OF PUBLICITY," to be as follows:-
The means of publicity in actual use although they have rendered
great services have not given rise to those making use of them to
such results as they might have anticipated. This can be attributed to
two reasons, firstly, each advertiser advertises for himself alone, and
consequently in numbers very limited; secondly, the public has no
interest in availing himself of this publicity. Therefore we have
endeavoured and we believe that we have succeeded in producing
publicity by association, and in forcing the public to avail themselves of
it by reason of some advantage they would thereby derive. To attain
these two ends we place advertisements on envelopes of letters, letter
paper, and bills in general. On envelopes we placed the said advertise-
ments either on the outside or on the inside, or on both. On letter
paper or bills these advertisements may be placed either on the face, or

page_text: the back, or on both. In either case we arrange the advertisements in
the manner we consider the most advisable as to their form, dimensions,
or numbers, and we also adopt such kind of impression and selection of
colors as we may consider most suitable. We do not limit ourselves to
the use of any particular paper for these envelopes, letter paper, bills,
nor to any particular form, dimensions, or color. We place postage
stamps on these envelopes or sheets of letter paper and bill stamps on
the bills, and then sell them to the public inpsuch a manner as we may
consider most advisable at a price inferior to that of the postage or bill
stamps single. The expenses at the charge of the advertiser besides our
own remuneration will include cost of paper, printing, and the difference
between the real value of the stamps and that at which we should sell
them to the public.
IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR FACILITATING MARKING ON LINEN
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James William Carter at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
7th March 1872.
I, JAMES WILLIAM CARTER, 41, Camden Grove North, in the Parish
of Peckham, in the County of Surrey, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR FACILITATING MARKING
ON LINEN," to be as follows:-
<
'
A round wooden block in shape of a box lid, which is called a
stretcher;" it is about six inches in circumference, & two inches deep,
it is made smaller at top than bottom to prevent a wooden ring (which
is part of stretcher) falling below a given depth; the ring is used to
confine linen when it is placed on the stretcher for marking.
The new feature consists in one respect, the centre of top part of
stretcher being sunk or cut out one-eigth of an inch, leaving a raised
ridge or thin edge around which prevents the linen when placed over
the stretcher touching any substance underneath, thereby creating
elasticity hitherto unknown when using ordinary apparatus, the pen
instead of piercing & blotting the texture glides over the cloth and
saves much time & labor.

page_text: It is necessary that the Invention should be subject to the following
modifications without affecting the novelty thereof:-
;
1. It will have three small apertures in the side, to contain a bottle
of ink, pen, and holder, when a smaller one is wanted it will contain a
bottle of ink only.
2. It will serve as a lid to cover a small wooden inkstand, about
three inches deep, which will contain a bottle of ink, pen, and holder;
similarly when a smaller one is required the inkstand will contain one
bottle of ink only.
IMPROVED MACHINERY FOR PRESSING, SMOOTHING, AND FINISHING WOOLLEN CLOTH OB OTHER FABRICS
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Todd and David Winn
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition,
on the 3rd February 1872.
We, WILLIAM TODD, Cloth Manufacturer, and DAVID WINN, Cloth
Finisher, both of Leeds, in the County of York, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVED MACHINERY FOR PRESSING,
SMOOTHING, AND FINISHING WOOLLEN CLOTH OB OTHER FABRICS," to be as
follows:-
The object of the present Invention is to supersede the use of
hydraulic or screw presses with flat heated plates for pressing,
smoothing, and finishing woollen cloth or other fabric, and to employ in
place thereof an improved construction of machinery whereby the
pressing and finishing process is greatly facilitated and can be rendered
continuous, so that any number of lengths of fabric may be passed
through the machine in regular succession, and thus pressed and
finished without stopping the machine.
Our improved machine consists of a chest, into which steam may be
admitted for heating the same if desired. The upper part or face of this

page_text: chest is constructed in the form of a number of semicircular or curve
shaped troughs, in which are mounted (in suitable bearings) heavy,
solid, or hollow rollers, on the axle of each of which is keyed a bevilled
toothed wheel, which gears into and is driven by similar wheels keyed
on a longitudinal shaft driven by suitable gearing from the main driving
shaft of the machine. The curved surfaces of the troughs are hard and
smooth, and are covered with any suitable material.
The operation of the machine is as follows:-The fabric to be operated
upon is introduced at one end of the machine, and is passed over and
under two or more tension rollers for the purpose of keeping it
stretched out. It then passes through the semicircular troughs and
under the rollers, which are driven in the same direction as the cloth is
advancing, but at a higher speed. The tendency of the smoothing or
ironing rollers is to draw the cloth through the machine at the same
speed as that at which they rotate, but the cloth is held back by the
tension rollers, and consequently the smoothing rollers rub over the
surface of the cloth and thereby smooth or iron it. Two, three, or more
lengths of cloth may be joined end to end and thus pass through the
machine in succession, so that the operation of the machine will be
continuous.
For the convenience of introducing the cloth into the machine the
smoothing rollers must be capable of being lifted out of the troughs and
then lowered again when the cloth is in place.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF LINING BANDS FOR HATS AND CAPS
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Whitfield Thompson at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 21st December 1872.
I, JOHN WHITFIELD THOMPSON, of Prestwich, in the County of
Lancaster, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF LINING BANDS FOR HATS AND CAPS,"
to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to the lining bands of hats and caps, ordinarily
termed hat leathers, and has for its object to produce such bands from.
a cheaper material than the leather usually employed in their
manufacture, and at the same time to retain to some extent the
appearance and durability of the leather bands. To this end I employ
in the manufacture of the said bands a combination of paper and cotton
or other woven fabric, the said fabric being cemented or united with
the said paper and forming the face of the band, the paper constituting
the back of the band and adding to its stiffness and substance. I
finish the face of the material so formed by means of calendering or
embossing rollers, so as to obtain to some extent the appearance of
leather, the woven fabrics having been dyed or stained a suitable

page_text: colour; and I make up the said material into bands, to be used as
herein aforesaid.
I prefer to employ such a cement or substance, or material for
uniting together the woven fabric and paper as will cause the finished
bands to be waterproof, or waterproof to some extent, as for example
I may use a solution of gutta percha, or of caoutchouc, or a solution
or preparation of shellac for the said purpose, or I may unite the two
materials by means of a thin sheet or tissue of gutta percha, which
is interposed between the said two materials before they are passed
between the heated calendering or embossing rollers.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE TREATMENT OF SEWAGE DEPOSITS
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Andrew John Murray at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
23rd May 1872.
I, ANDREW JOHN MURRAY, of Albany Road, Camberwell, in the
County of Surrey, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE TREATMENT OF SEWAGE DEPOSITS," to be
as follows:-
The object of my Invention is to facilitate the solidification of sewage
deposits so that without being obliged to resort to the slow and costly
process of evaporation by the application of artificial heat to the semi-
fluid sludge the latter may be at once brought into such a state as will
admit of it being moulded into the form of bricks so that it may be
stacked and air dried.
In carrying out my Invention I vary the process somewhat according
to the nature of the deposit and the purpose for which it is to be used,
for instance, suppose it be desired to produce a manure from a precipitate
obtained by the use of lime or other analogous or suitable chemical agent
I first allow the solid matter to settle in the precipitating tanks in the

page_text: usual manner, and I further separate therefrom as much of the water
as possible by allowing the sludge to run into narrow deep tanks. The
supernatant liquid that will be found if the sewage remains quiescent
for a few hours is then to be drawn or syphoned off and the sludge is to
be mixed with any dry solid matter that it is intended to use to form
component parts of the artificial manure. If these are not sufficient to
absorb the superabundant moisture and bring the deposit into a proper
consistency for being moulded into blocks or bricks, dry earth or clay
either burnt or otherwise and reduced to powder may be added. All
these ingredients may be mixed together in a pug mill and when ex-
pressed therefrom may be formed into lumps or bricks of any convenient
size or shape suitable for drying quickly in the air. When the lumps have
been sufficiently air dried to admit of them being broken up, they may
be again reduced to powder and used a second time to absorb the super-
abundant moisture of a further quantity of sludge. This process may
be repeated over and over again. A portion of the dried deposit as it
accumulates may be sold as manure, while the remainder may be used
as set forth for solidifying fresh sludge.
In adapting my Invention to any process for the treatment of sewage
in which it would be inconvenient to add extraneous matters to the
sludge, some of the latter must first be dried in any convenient manner
and then pulverized. It may then be mixed with a further quantity of
the semi-fluid sludge so as to bring it to a proper consistence to be
formed into solid lumps, bricks, or blocks for any after process.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF BEDSTEADS FOR INVALIDS
Year: 1872

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Francis Taylor, of Manchester, in the County of
Lancaster, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION
OF BEDSTEADS FOR INVALIDS."
Sealed the 23rd April 1872, and dated the 7th February 1872.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Francis Taylor at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
7th February 1872.
I, FRANCIS TAYLOR, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
CONSTRUCTION OF BEDSTEADS FOR INVALIDS," to be as follows:-
This Invention is intended principally to be used in cases of fractures
of the limbs or injury to the spine, but it is also equally applicable to
other cases where it is desirable to change the bed linen or make or
arrange the bed without disturbing the patient.
In bedsteads as hitherto constructed for this purpose the patient
is laid upon a strong canvas or other sheet which is stretched upon

page_text: a frame above the mattress or bed, and this frame and sheet with
the patient upon it is elevated by means of screws, racks, or cords
whenever it is desirable to change the bed linen or re-arrange the bed.
This raising up of the patient is in many cases objectionable and
even injurious, and it is to obviate the necessity therefor that my
Invention is designed.
According to my Invention the patient is laid upon a sheet stretched
upon a frame, but instead of the latter being movable it is a fixture,
and the frame beneath it which carries the mattress and bedding is
capable of being lowered away from it so as to leave the patient
suspended in the sheet whilst the bed or bedding is changed or re-
arranged. An opening is made about the centre of the sheet for
the sake of convenience. All the wants of the patient can therefore
be attended to and the bed made without disturbing him in any
way, and the mattress and bed may be then raised to their former
position.
The lowering and raising of the frame which contains the mattress
and bed may be effected by means of screws, racks, cords, and pulleys,
or by any other well-known mechanical means, and if desirable the
frame may be so made that when lowered it can be pulled out sideways
for greater convenience in making the bed.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR ADJUSTING THE SCREW PROPELLERS AND RUDDERS OF CANAL BOATS AND OTHER VESSELS
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Haseltine at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 12th
August 1872. A communication from abroad by James Mapes
Dodge, of Newark, New Jersey, United States of America.
-
I, GEORGE HASELTINE, of the "International Patent Office," South-
ampton Buildings, London, Doctor of Laws, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR ADJUSTING
THE SCREW PROPELLERS AND RUDDERS OF CANAL BOATS AND OTHER VESSELS," a
communication, to be as follows:-
The said improvements relate to the propulsion of boats in canals or
other shoal water navigation, and they have for their object the increased
immersion of the propelling screw and the rudder when permitted by
the increased depth of the water or when required by the light draught
of an empty boat.
To accomplish this object the said Invention consists in suspending
the screw shaft in a tube or tank opening to the stern of the vessel
in an inclined position, and in hanging the outer end of the shaft and

page_text: the rudder in a vibrating frame, which may be raised by appropriate
gearing, and will be similarly raised by contact with the bottom. When
required by shallow water in passing through locks or over shoals the
screw shaft will bo worked with the propeller, and the rudder near or
at the surface of the water; and in deeper water the outer end of the
shaft may be lowered, so that the rotation of the screw and the directing
movement of the rudder may be rendered more effective by the greater
pressure due to the increased depth. The inclined position of the shaft
directs the current of water from the propeller downward, instead of
permitting its force to be expended towards the surface in the direction
of least resistance to the detriment of the borders of the canal by which
the wash may be received. The frame supporting the screw and rudder
should be hung in such a way that it will casily rise on striking the
bottom, and the trunk or tube need only be large enough to permit the
vibrations of the shaft, and should be high enough at the inner end 1
to rise above the load water line of the vessel that there may be no
necessity for furnishing stuffing boxes or other means for preventing the
admission of the water.
IMPROVEMENTS IN REGULATING THE PRESSURE AND DELIVERY OF GAS, AND IN APPARATUS THEREFOR
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederick William Hartley at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
26th July 1872.
I, FREDERICK WILLIAM HARTLEY, of 55, Millbank Street, West-
minster, in the County of Middlesex, Gas Engineer, do, hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN REGULATING THE
PRESSURE AND DELIVERY OF GAS, AND IN APPARATUS THEREFOR," to be as
follows:-
.
The object of this Invention is to secure a perfectly automatic
maintenance of the pressure of the gas at the outlet of gas governors
or gas pressure regulators when subjected to variations in the pressure
of the gas entering them, whether those variations take place slowly
or suddenly.
This object is effected by the following means and apparatus:-
A vessel or apparatus; herein-after called the compensator, which is
essentially a gas holder, and may be either of the wet or dry kind,
is connected to the gas holder or diaphragm of a governor by means
of cords, pulleys, or levers, or by any other suitable means, so that the

page_text: weight of the compensator shall act in opposition to the weight of the
gas holder or diaphragm of the governor. The compensator is also
connected by means of a pipe either to the inlet of the governor itself
or to the main which conveys gas to the governor, so that the com.
pensator shall always be subjected to the same pressure of gas as exists
at the inlet, and acts upon the valve or cone of the governor.
With governors as usually made variations in the pressure of the
'gas entering the inlet cause the valves or cones to be acted on with
varying power, and leads to the opening or closing of the valves to an
undue extent, especially when the area of the gasholders or diaphragms
is but a few times greater than that of the valves; but with governors
to which this Invention is applied no such evil can result, inasmuch as
the pressure and force of the gas acts equally at all times on the valves
or cones of the governor, and within the compensators.
°
The compensator may sometimes be made actually part of the
governor itself, while at other times it may be quite separate, and be
placed at any convenient distance from the governor, the needful con-
nection with the governor being made by cords or levers, or such other
means as may be suitable..
IMPROVED MEANS OR COMBINATION OF INSTRUMENTS FOR PRODUCING COPIES OF MUSIC
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frank Mahan Green at the
Office of the Commissioner of Patents, with his Petition, on the
17th December 1872.
I, FRANK MAHAN GREEN, of Brixton, in the County of Surrey, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVED MEANS OR
COMBINATION OF INSTRUMENTS FOR PRODUCING COPIES OF MUSIC," to be as
follows:-
This Invention has for its object improved means and a new com-
bination of instruments for improving the character and facilitating the
production of copies of music.
The combination of instruments employed for this purpose in
accordance with my improvements consists of a small portable box,
having a compartment containing a tablet of composition for inking the
faces of the types, a box or compartment containing ink for supplying
the tablet or pad with ink together, with the following types, viz., a
" crotchet," a "minim," a "semibreve," "bar,". "sharp," "flat,"
"natural," and such other types as may be required.
The types are either cast sufficiently long to be readily taken up and
used by the copyist, or they are mounted on holders of wood or other
materials.

page_text: In order not to multiply the forms of types employed in carrying out
my improvements the "quavers," "semiquavers," and other musical
characters denoting shorter periods of time than the crotchet, are
formed either by adding with ordinary pen and ink the tails to that
note in the copy, or by joining two or more notes (in the copy) together &
by any number of lines that may be required, according to the length of
the notes to be copied.
I prefer to form the box containing the series of instruments with a
compartment into which the composition for the inking pad is placed,
but I do not confine myself to this arrangement, and if desired the series
of types may be arranged in such order and positions with indicating
marks or characters, so as to be readily selected in succession as required
for printing impressions therefrom.
In order to produce copies of music in accordance with my improve-
ments I take ordinary music paper ruled with lines, and I select each
type as it is required to be used in succession, and after pressing it upon
the inking pad I imprint the character upon the paper in the position
required, and then complete the copy with ordinary pen and ink, also
adding those characters which are not frequently used. By this means
copies of music may be produced with much greater facility and rapidity
than heretofore, such copies being far more perfect in form and more easily
read than manuscript music copied by means of ordinary pen and ink.
IMPROVEMENTS IN OBTAINING ANTHRACENE, AND IN APPARATUS THEREWITH
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Berger Spence at the
'
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 4th November 1872.-A communication from abroad, by Jos.
C. F. Cheever, of the City and State of New York, United States
of America.
I, JOHN BERGER SPENCE, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster,
Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN OBTAINING ANTHRACENE, AND IN APPARATUS
THEREWITH," to be as follows:-
CONNECTED
This Invention consists of a pitch tank, tempering reservoir, still, and
condenser for the purpose of obtaining anthracene from coal tar pitch,
whereby the same is continuously produced. To accomplish this object
the pitch deprived of all or nearly all its light oils and napthaline, is
placed in a tank, and is forced from thence by air pressure into a
reservoir and there heated by a furnace to enable it to flow by its
gravity through a pipe into a still, the air pressure regulating the
quantity.
The still consists of a vessel with several transverse partitions, forming
channels communicating with each other at alternate ends, and through

page_text: which the pitch flows to and fro, to establish which communications
there may be stout cross pipes, proposed to be bent downward. The
still is submitted to heat from the furnace, and the evolved vapour
containing anthracene passes from the top to a tank surrounded by
water, where it is condensed, and afterwards drawn off, filtered, and
pressed.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PHOSPHORIC ACID AND ACID PHOSPHATE OF LIME, AND THE APPLICATIONS OF THE SAME
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alexander Melville Clark at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
29th July 1872.-A communication from abroad by Lucien Henri
Blanchard, of Paris, France.
I, ALEXANDER MELVILLE CLARK, of 53, Chancery Lane, in the
County of Middlesex, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the.
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PHOSPHORIC
ACID AND ACID PHOSPHATE OF LIME, AND THE APPLICATIONS OF THE SAME," to be
as follows:-
This Invention relates to the manufacture of phosphoric acid or.acid
phosphate of lime from phosphates of lime, mineral phosphates and
bones by the aid of pressure, and also to the applications of the same.
According to this Invention phosphoric acid or acid phosphate of lime
are obtained in a liquid state in the manner herein-after described at a
much lower cost than has hitherto been possible.
The following is the method of operation :-The phosphates after
being reduced to a very fine powder are placed in large wood vats lined
with lead, and subjected to the action of sulphuric acid with one and
°

page_text: a half times its quantity of water. The acid bath is first prepared, and
the powered phosphates then added in small quantities at a time, the
mixture being effected by the aid of wood stirrers. For every hundred
weight of natural phosphates having a proportion of, say, sixty-five per
cent. of phosphate of lime, I use an equal amount of sulphuric acid
marking 53 degrees. These proportions should be observed when the
phosphates to be acted on are of a rich nature, the action being complete
in about four hours. The magma obtained is then subjected to pressure
by means of a press operated by hydraulic, steam, or other power, or
other means of extracting the acid may be used, such as a hydro-
extractor, for example. With the press or other apparatus are combined
large containers of iron for holding the magma, which are perforated
and lined with a suitable fabric for filtering the liquors..
After being subjected to the pressure or other action of the apparatus
employed, the residue is placed in a separate receiver and diluted with
a quantity of warm water equal to that of the liquid extracted, after
which it is again subjected to the action of the apparatus as before.
These operations may be repeated if necessary in order to extract the
whole of the phosphoric acid.
This process is intended as a substitute for the washing and filtering
hitherto in use for the purpose, which is essentially tedious, and con-
sequently much more costly, whereas by this improved method the
phosphoric acid is obtained at a very moderate cost, and is thus rendered
available for use in agriculture and otherwise. The phosphoric acid
thus obtained I employ in the manufacture of superphosphates, and
of liquid phosphates of magnesia for the purpose of fixing the ammonia
in ammonio-magnesian phosphate or phosphate of soda, and lastly, in
the manufacture of other products having a base of phosphoric acid.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MEANS AND APPARATUS FOR REMOVING THE HAIR OR FUR FROM SKINS, AND APPLYING THE SAME TO VARIOUS USEFUL PURPOSES
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Lambert de Montoison
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 2nd January 1872.
I, JOSEPH LAMBERT DE MONTOISON, of Lille, France, at present of
123, Chancery Lane, London, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MEANS AND APPARATUS FOR REMOVING
THE HAIR OR FUR FROM SKINS, AND APPLYING THE SAME TO VARIOUS USEFUL
PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates firstly to an improved and easy means of
removing the hair or fur from skins of animals prior to applying the
said hair or fur to various useful purposes. After the skins have been
wetted I treat their under side with a mixture of chalk and sulphuric
acid, and when they have become saturated with the preparation the
hair or fur, as the case may be, is removed with the greatest facility by
hand or other means, and when dry is ready for use.
Secondly, in applying the fur or hair so removed to various useful
purposes. If it be desired to obtain a material for hats and other similar
articles, I separate the fur or hair when dry in the following manner :-

page_text: I place the fur or hair in a cylindrical case or box in which revolves a
drum on which are arranged lengthwise a series of strings of catgut or
other suitable material. When this drum is revolved by hand or power
as required, the hair or fur is evenly collected along the several rows of
catgut, and is. then utilized as desired.
If it be required to make imitation furs, rugs, or articles of wearing
apparel such as overcoats, it is not necessary to separate the fur or hair
in the revolving drum before described, but it may be taken after
removal from the skin and when dry applied in small portions or tufts
to a material such as waterproof linen or caoutchouc, one side of which
is coated with glue or other adhesive mixture capable of retaining the
fur or hair applied to it.
When the adhesive mixture has dried the fur or hair so made to
adhere is brushed and trimmed, and the material is then ready for use in
any of the ways and for either of the various purposes before mentioned.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR THE TREATMENT OF VEGETABLE PRODUCTIONS CONTAINING FIBRE
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Joseph Ditchburn at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
28th November 1872.
I, THOMAS JOSEPH DITCHBURN, of 153, East India Road, Poplar,.
in the County of Middlesex, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS
FOR THE TREATMENT OF VEGETABLE PRODUCTIONS CONTAINING FIBRE," to be as
follows:-
The object sought to be obtained by this Invention is the preparation
of fibre from vegetable productions of a fibrous nature by clearing and
removing therefrom the cuticile and other matter with which the fibre is
surrounded; and in order that this may be carried into effect the fibrous
materials are passed between cylinders either fluted or plain, the upper
of which is adjusted by means of springs or weights, thereby regulating
the space between the faces of the cylinders. By being passed between
the cylinders the fibrous materials are brought to a uniform thickness,
and are then carried forward by two sets of rollers supporting endless
bands and passed between one or more upper and lower frames, to the
faces of which are attached a series of bars the spaces between which are

page_text: carefully regulated so that no two bars shall be at the same distance
apart, but the bars on the upper frame and the bars on the lower frame
must be made to correspond. The upper and lower frames are operated
upon and receive a vertical motion by means of cams or other suitable
contrivance, the upper frame being carried upward and the lower
downward, and are brought back to the required distances from each
other by means of springs, weights, or it may be levers. The distance
at which the bars on the frames are allowed to approach each other is
regulated by set screws or other convenient device.
Springs are fixed at the back of the frames to allow the bars to
adjust themselves to any irregularity of the materials passing between
them.
By the combined action of the frames the fibrous materials are
subjected to a rapid intermittent pressure with which a slight vibratory
action is combined, whereby the cuticle and other matter is effectually
cleared from the fibre. The fibre after leaving the frames is passed
between guide rollers, by which means it is directed and carred into the
required receptacle. The bearings for the cylinders and rollers and the
guides for the frames are supported and carried by a suitable framework
at any convenient system of gearing; or other mechanism may be used
for the purpose of actuating the feed motion of the cylinders, and
operating the frames and rollers.
AN IMPROVED METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR REGISTERING THE NUMBER OF PERSONS TRAVELLING BY ANY CONVEYANCE, AND THE EXACT DISTANCE FROM ANY POINT OF THE JOURNEY AND TO ANY POINT, OR FOR THE FULL JOURNEY WHICH EACH PERSON TRAVELS
Year: 1872

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Henry Bezer, of 19, Turner Rd., Lee, Kent,
and Alexander Millàr, of 26, Blessington Rd., Lee, Kent, for
the Invention of "AN IMPROVED METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR
REGISTERING THE NUMBER OF PERSONS TRAVELLING BY ANY CONVEYANCE,
AND THE EXACT DISTANCE FROM ANY POINT OF THE JOURNEY AND TO ANY
POINT, OR FOR THE FULL JOURNEY WHICH EACH PERSON TRAVELS."
Sealed the 28th January 1873, and dated the 22nd October 1872.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Henry Bezer and
Alexander Millàr at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 22nd October 1872.
We, HENRY BEZER, of 19, Turner Road, Lee, Kent, and ALEXANDER
3 MILLAR, of 26, Blessington Road, Lee, Kent, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED METHOD OF AND APPARATUS
FOR REGISTERING THE NUMBER OF PERSONS TRAVELLING BY ANY CONVEYANCE,
THE EXACT DISTANCE FROM ANY POINT OF THE JOURNEY AND TO ANY
AND

page_text: POINT, OR FOR THE FULL JOURNEY WHICH EACH PERSON TRAVELS," to be as
follows:-
Fitted in the most convenient part of the vehicle is a box largo
enough to contain the following apparatus:-A platform is raised in
the centre of the box, behind it is a battery, beneath it is a roll of
paper, and in front of it is suspended an india-rubber roller, over which
the paper passes by the action of a spring roller placed in front of the
roller above referred to, and above the said spring roller is a second
roller, and by its action jointly with that of the spring roller the
paper moves forward at a certain speed. On the top of the platform
is ranged as many spring hammers as the vehicle has seats, cach
hammer has a spiked wheel at the end of it, and is of such a length
as to place the wheel immediately above the first named roller.
There are as many wires as the vehicle has seats running from one
plate of the battery, cach coiling round a magnet, and each hammer
having a magnet fixed beneath it, each wire then continues on to and
is fixed beneath cach scat; from the other plate of the battery run
as many wires as the vehicle has scats, cach on to and fixed to a
spring board placed above cach seat, hence directly a person takes
possession of the seat the wires are brought into contact and a current
is established, the hammer which is above the maguet now at work
is pulled down and fixed upon it, which brings the spiked wheel into
contact with the moving paper. Directly the person vacates tho scat
the current is destroyed and the hammer raises itself from the magnet
and from the paper.
The driver's seat is similarly furnished, and the current being
continuous during the whole journey his hammer registers the full
journey, by comparison with which the distance travelled by cach
person can be ascertained.
21
In the absence of the driver the machinery which moves forward
AN IMPROVEMENT IN CERTAIN KINDS OF Locks
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Osborn at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 18th
September 1872.
I, WILLIAM OSBORN, of Stepncy, in the County of Middlesex, do
hereby declaro the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVEMENT IN
CERTAIN KINDS OF Locks," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to an improvement in such locks as have a link
plate with links or staples which enter the lock for the bolt to pass
through. Hitherto it has been usual in fitting such locks to sloping
desks, boxes, cheffoniers, and other receptacles to recess the link plate
into the lid so as to bring the plate flush with the surface, which is
frequently a matter of some nicety and difficulty, boxes of thin vencered
wood being especially liable to be damaged.
My Invention consists in making the lock itself with a partly sunk or
recessed plate to receive the link plate, the links or staples of which pass
through holes into the lock as usual. By this means the link plate may
be fixed to the article without being recessed therein as hitherto, the lid
still shutting close as usual.
IM- PROVEMENTS IN AXLES AND AXLE BOXES FOR CARRIAGES AND OTHER VEHICLES
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Blair at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 17th
July 1872.
I, ROBERT BLAIR, of No. 13, Spring Street, Belfast, in the County of
Antrim, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN AXLES AND AXLE BOXES FOR CARRIAGES AND OTHER VEHICLES,"
to be as follows :-
-
:-
These improvements relate to axles and axle boxes for carriages and
other vehicles, whereby friction is reduced, a larger reserve of oil is
maintained for lubricating purposes, the box is more secure upon the
axle while running, besides being being easier to keep in working order
and effect a saving of leather washers, and also affording means to
compensate for wear.
The axle is formed with a shoulder at the neck in which an annular
groove is made for holding a ring leather or washer of other material
to bear against a flat or other surface of the box for preventing escape
of oil from a reservoir in the box at that end. The outer end of the

page_text: axle, which is preferably tapered, has an inclined or square shoulder
which forms an abutment against another shoulder in the box, and as
these shoulders packed or not become reduced by wear, and give too
much freedom to the wheel, they can be put into contact by a nut
on the reduced or extreme end of the axle, this being caused to bear
against an inclined or other shaped face on the box for the purpose.
The outer end of the box is screw threaded to receive a cap, which not
only forms an oil reservoir but gives a finish to the nave of the wheel at
that part, a groove being cut in the axle to form a communication
between the two reservoirs..
AN IMPROVED METHOD OF AND APPARATUS IN TIN AND OTHER METALS FOR SIFTING OR SEPARATION OF SEEDS, COAL, CINDERS, AND OTHER ARTICLES AND DIVERS SMALL SUBSTANCES
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Fereday at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 18th June
1872.
HENRY FEREDAY, of 40, Shaftesbury Street, New North Road,
Hoxton, in the County of Middlesex, Jappanner, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED METHOD OF AND
APPARATUS IN TIN AND OTHER METALS FOR SIFTING OR SEPARATION OF SEEDS,
COAL, CINDERS, AND OTHER ARTICLES AND DIVERS SMALL SUBSTANCES," to be as
follows:-
:-
I first provide a tin or other receptacle made of hard or soft metal in
a variety of shapes, which receptacle receives a slight motion, and the
separation or sifting of the substances takes place.
The machine is constructed as follows:-A hollow cindrical tube of
14 inches by 10 inches with circumference of 32 inches (or any other
convenient shape and size), closed at both ends with air-tight ends with
a hollow cover fastened to the outer cylinder by a hinge with a rim, and
fastenging with a snap or other fastenging; the inside of the apparatus is
divided in half; the upper half is enclosed and forms an half circle, and

page_text: forms the receptacle for. the seed or other substance to be sifted; the
other half of the circle is left for the reception of the refuse or siftings
and can be made removeable; the sifter is inserted midway between the
two divisions, and may be made curved, straight, or in any other shape to
the form of the outer tube. The whole is stood on a round or other suit
shaped foot, and ornamented with handles.
IMPROVEMENTS IN COVERINGS FOR THE HEAD, WHEREBY & REFRIGERATING OR COOLING EFFECT IS PRODUCED
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Floyd at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 24th
January 1872.
I, THOMAS FLOYD, of No. 3, Adam Street, Adelphi, in the County of
Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN COVERINGS FOR THE HEAD, WHEREBY & REFRIGERATING OR
COOLING EFFECT IS PRODUCED," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in constructing a cap or cowl of india-rubber
or other suitable waterproof material formed so as to fit closely over the
head of the wearer, on the lower edge of which cap is formed or fixed an
annular receptacle or tube which is filled with water. Slits or openings
are formed all round the upper part of this tube, and through these
opening are passed portions of a covering made of a porous material such
as cotton, which overlies the upper surface of the waterproof cap. By
these means the water contained in the annular tube is made to rise and
spread by capillary attraction over the entire surface of the absorbant
covering so as to keep the same moist, and such moisture in being eva-

page_text: porated by the heat of the head or by the action of the sun will produce
a refrigerating or cooling effect.
The porous covering may either be left entirely free to the external air,
or it may be closed in by a covering provided with perforations or apertures
sufficient to allow of the free escape of the evaporated moisture.
IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR ASCERTAINING AND REGISTERING THE NUMBER OF PERSONS ENTERING IN OR UPON A VEHICLE OR INTO ANY PLACE OF PUBLIC ENTERTAINMENT
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Frederic Warbrick and
John Clegg at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 4th April 1872.
We, JOHN FREDERIC WARBRICK and JOHN CLEGG, both of Bolton,
in the County of Lancaster, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR ASCERTAINING AND REGISTERING THE
NUMBER OF PERSONS ENTERING IN OR UPON A VEHICLE OR INTO ANY PLACE OF
PUBLIC ENTERTAINMENT," to be as follows:-
This Invention is applicable to omnibuses or other public vehicles,
and to theatres, concert rooms, exhibitions, public gardens, or other
places where a check upon the number of persons entering is desirable.
The Invention consists principally in the application and use of a
movable step, platform, or plank at the door or other place of entry,
such step, platform, or plank being so placed that every person entering
shall be compelled to step upon the same, and in connecting such step,
platform, or plank with any ordinary counting or registering apparatus.
The entrance into or upon the vehicle, or the doorway or passage
to the place of entertainment, is to be so made that only one person

page_text: can pass at a time, and that each person in so passing will have to
tread upon the movable step, platform, or plank, which is carried by
three rods or bars (one near each end and one in the centre) supported
on three levers working inside a box of which the movable step or
plank forms as it were the lid. The levers of the two outer rods
extend inwards and their inner ends are coupled together by a pin
working in slots. The outer end of the third lever extends through
one end of the box, and is connected by a link or rod to the mechanism
of any ordinary counting apparatus, so that each time the weight of a
person treading upon the movable step, platform, or plank depresses the
same the said lever raises the link or rod and causes it to move the
index one division or a portion of a division on the dial plate, and thus
indicate the passage of each person. When the weight of the person
is removed from the step, platform, or plank the latter (together with
the rods and levers) is returned to its original position by means of a
spring or springs ready to indicate the passage of another person, and
so on.