Improvements in Apparatus for Condensing Vapours and Heating or Vapourizing Liquids respectively.
Year: 1894

page_text: Date of Application, 13th Mar., 1894-Accepted, 12th May, 1894
COMPLETE
SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Apparatus for Condensing Vapours and Heating
or Vapourizing Liquids respectively.
I WILHELM HENNEBERG of Hohe Bleichen 36, Hamburg, in the Empire of
Germany, Engineer do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement :-
This invention relates to improved apparatus for condensing vapours and
heating and vapourizing liquids respectively and is illustrated by the annexed
drawing.
In apparatus in which a liquid is indirectly heated by a heat delivering medium,
that is to say for instance by means of a metallic walling, which separates the
medium from the liquid it is of great importance that the liquid particles be
agitated as energetically as possible in order that new particles may continually
come in contact with the heat transferring metal walling. This is necessary
because liquids and in the first instance water absorb or give off a high percentage
of warmth by their direct touch with the metal walling whereas transferring of
heat by conduction from the walling through the liquid to the single particles
thereof, only takes place to a comparatively slight extent.
In order now to attain as perfect a mixing of the liquid particles as possible, the
liquid is passed through open or closed canals, in which ribs or the like are
arranged at intervals to form a continuous series of inserted projections which
latter thus produce abrupt changes of the diameter of the canal.
If now the liquid be passed somewhat rapidly through the system of canals of
the apparatus a necessarily intense agitating of the liquid particles must take
place behind each of the mentioned narrowings of diameter so that the purpose in
view is satisfactorily attained thereby.
In Figs. 1 to 34 an apparatus is represented which is especially intended to
serve for cooling down hot liquids by water. The apparatus is composed of a
number of elements I, II, III, which are made of bronze, cast iron or the like,
and between which are transversely arranged copper plates k k by the medium of
which latter the exchange of heat between the liquids meeting the respective faces
of the plates takes place. The elements are partitioned by means of longitudinal
ribs or cross pieces 1, P, P, into to and fro passing canals while by means of
pockets t¹, t, the canals lying above the copper plates, and the canals beneath the
copper plates are respectively brought into connection with each other in such a
manner as to form two entirely separated though coherent systems of canals in the
one of which a hot liquid moves from above downwardly and in the other a cold
liquid from below upwardly, or inversely, while the two liquids pass on opposite
sides of the separating copper plates in opposite directions.
To provide that the liquids be suitably agitated, transversal ribs r r of any
appropriate shape are provided in such a way as to form abrupt narrowings of the
diameter of the canal whereby the whirling motion caused in the liquids is
rendered the more intense, the quicker said liquids flow through the apparatus.
In Fig. 4 of the annexed drawing an apparatus is illustrated, which is especially
designed to serve as a condenser or heater of feed water.
In this apparatus a series of canals for the cooling liquid is formed in such a
manner that pipes of any suitable cross-section, those in the drawing being of
circular and oval form, are very closely arranged above each other, while in
transversal direction a larger interval is left between the single series of pipes.
The cooling water is introduced by means of the pipe A in the form of separate

page_text: streams into these intervals, moves along the canals formed by the series of pipes
and leaves in warmed condition at B on the other side of the apparatus.
The vapour to be condensed enters at C and the condensed liquid is passed
off at D.
In its movement through the canals of the apparatus the cooling water meets
the ribs or cross pieces rr and is thus set in whirling motion as desired.
In Figs. 6, 7 and 8 an apparatus is shown which is destined to serve for
concentrating liquids by evaporating. This apparatus consists of cast
elements I, II, III, IV, V, which are arranged over one another and held
tightly by means of screws, so that by mediation of the pockets B and C, two
cohering systems of canals are created. The narrower of said systems is
traversed in to and fro movement by the heating steam, whereas the more extensive
system is fed by the pipe A with the liquid to be concentrated. The latter liquid
distributes itself uniformly over the three canals serving for its circulation and
runs along the same down to the pockets B, B, whereby its transfer into the lower
canals is effected. In these latter the process goes on and lastly the condensed lye
or substance arrives at the outlet pipe D, where it leaves the apparatus. The
vapours originated during the concentrating process pass off by the pipes E and F
while the condensed heating medium escapes through the pipe G. In this latter
arrangement it is preferable that ribs and be employed for mixing up the
liquids to be concentrated. In this case the ribs are preferably cast in such a way
as to contract laterally the cross sectional area of the canals, they at the same
time being placed alternately towards each other.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is.
In vaporizers, heaters of feed water, condensers, cooling apparatus and the like
in which a heat absorbing or heat delivering medium is passed through canals, the
arrangement of ribs, cross pieces, bridges or the like (r) in said canals, for the
purpose of producing an artificial agitation of the medium flowing through
the canals, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.
Dated
De 19th 1
ML1001
MAST
R. HADDAN,
Of the Firm of Herbert Haddan & Co.,
18, Buckingham Street, Strand, London, W.C.
R. HADDAN,
Of the Firm of Herbert Haddan & Co.,
18, Buckingham Street, Strand, London, W.C.