PEGGING MACHINES FOR PEGGING BOOTS AND SHOES OR SIMILAR ARTICLES
Year: 1873

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James H. Reed, of Boston, County of Suffolk,
in the State of Massachusetts, in the United States of America, for
the Invention of "PEGGING MACHINES FOR PEGGING BOOTS AND SHOES OR
SIMILAR ARTICLES."
Sealed the 20th June 1873, and dated the 21st March 1873.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION filed by the said James H. Reed at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition and
Declaration, on the 21st March 1873, pursuant to the 9th Section
of the Patent Law Amendment Act, 1852.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JAMES H.
REED, of Boston, in the County of Suffolk, and State of Massachusetts,
in the United States of America, send greeting.
WHEREAS I am in possession of an Invention for " PEGGING MACHINES
FOR PEGGING BOOTS AND SHOES OR SIMILAR ARTICLES," and have petitioned Her
Majesty, to grant unto me, my executors, administrators, and assigns,
Her Royal Letters Patent for the same, and have made solemn
Declaration that I really believe myself to be the first and true Inventor
thereof.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said James H. Reed, do hereby declare
that the following Complete Specification, under my hand and seal, fully
describes the nature of my said Invention, and the manner in which the
same is to be performed (that is to say) :-
My Invention relates to improvements in pegging machines for boots
and shoes, consisting,―
1st. In punching the holes in the stock, feeding the wire or wire-like
material, cutting off the peg or pin, and driving the same, all in the
same location and with the same cam.
2nd. In feeding the end of a wire or wire-like material perpendicularly
and into a stationary throat or driving tube in the location to be
driven.
3rd. In cutting off a peg or pin from a wire or wire-like material, and
driving it in the same location without moving the end of the wire from
the driver, but moving the end of wire and driver together.
4th. In the construction and arrangement of two drivers, one working
above and the other below the stock.
5th. In the arrangement and use of a work supporting presser foot,
provided with an opening to receive the point of the awl, and to allow
the lower driver to pass through it.
6th. In the arrangement for pressing the stock together with a presser
foot cam, and holding it till the peg or pin is driven and riveted, as well
as regulating the length of the peg.
7th. In the arrangement of a presser foot and cam for partially
regulating the length of the peg.
8th. In a contra-motion of the peg regulator at the longest peg, so as
to allow the changing of the stock without stopping the machine,
whereby the wasting of pegs is prevented.
9th. In a self-locking and registering apparatus for the awl, feed, and
driver bars, so as to make them operate centrally with the hole in the
throat plate.
10th. In a mechanism for feeding the stock and adjusting the said
feed more or less, as may be desired.
11th. Also in a continuous cable screw wire made of one central wire
surrounded by one or more wires, or a number of wires twisted together

page_text: and united by means of a suitable alloy or solder, as will be shown and
described.
On the Drawings Fig. 1 is a front elevation; Fig. 2 is a side elevation;
Fig. 3 is a rear elevation; Fig. 4 is an enlarged partial front elevation;
Figs. 5 and 6 are details showing the upper cams and levers; Fig. 7 is a
detailed view of the feed arrangement for the stock, and Fig. 8 is a cross
section over the line A-B, taken on Fig. 7; Fig. 9 is a detailed ground
plan of the post supporters; Fig. 10 is a detailed longitudinal section
of the wire cylinder; Fig. 11 is an enlarged cross section over the
line C-D, taken on Fig. 6; Fig. 12 is an enlarged cross section over
the line E-F, taken on Fig. 1; Fig. 13 is a cross section over the
line G―H, taken on Fig. 7, and Fig. 14 is a ground plan of the self-
locking and registering apparatus. Similar letters refer to similar parts,
wherever they occur on the Drawings.
1st. The construction of my machine so as to punch the hole in the
material, feed the wire, cut off the peg, and drive the same, all in the
same location and with the same cam is carried out in the following
mannera is the driving shaft provided with a loose pulley 6 and a
fixed pulley b¹. The shaft a is movable in bearings c, c, attached or
secured to the frame d, as shown in Fig. 2. e is a cam wheel having a
suitable groove cut on its face in which a pin f (Fig. 10) is operated in
the usual manner. The said pin is connected to a vertical bar g that is
movable up and down in the cylinder h. The cylinder h is made to
swing partially around its axis i that is held stationary to the face plate
and feed wheel supporter attached to the frame d. This outside
cylinder is rocked partially around its axis i by means of the cog
segment leverk engaging in the cogs attached to the outside of the
cylinder . The lever k is attached to a rock shaft movable in a
bearing m, as shown in Fig. 2. On the opposite end of the shaft to
which the lever k is secured is another lever n attached, the upper end
of which has a projecting pin or roll that plays in a groove that is cut
on the face of the cam wheel o that is keyed to the driving shaft a. By
this arrangement a rocking motion is imparted to the levers n and k,
and from k to the cylinder h. On the circumference of the cylinder h
are three distinct pieces held and operated by means of the cam rod g.
These three pieces are the awl bar p, the feed bar q, and driver r, all
located on the cylinder h, as fully shown in Fig. 12. They are all in
their right time operated by the rod g that has a suitable notch g' cut

page_text: on it, in which the projecting fingers p¹, q', ¹, forming part of the
rods p, q, and r, fit as the cylinder h is rocked partially around its axis.
The centres of the bars p, q, and r, are all at the same distance from the
centre of the cylinder h. A stationary throat plates having a per-
pendicular hole through it of the size of the peg (as shown in dotted
lines on Fig. 4) is located beneath the bars p, q, and r, in such a manner
that the centres of the awl, peg, and driver bars come exactly over the
centre of the hole in the throat plates as the cylinder h is turned around
its axis.
The operation of this my improved pegging machine is as follows:--
First, the awl bar p is automatically placed right over the hole in the
throat plates, and the awl descends through the said hole and into the
boot or shoe held beneath it; the awl is then raised to its original
position, and the cylinder h is turned around its axis so far that the
feed bar q comes right over the hole in the throat plates, when the
continuous wire is fed down into the said hole, and when fed down far
enough is cut off; the cylinder h is now again turned automatically
around its axis so far that the driver bar r comes right over the hole in
the throat plate 8, when the driver descends and clinches the peg at the
same time as a lower hammer comes up from below, inside the boot or
shoe, and thus rivets the peg in both ends. The driver then rises
upwards, and the cylinder h is now turned backwards around its axis
to its original position, namely, so that the awl bar p comes right over
the hole in the throat plate s, during which operation the stock is fed,
when the same operation is renewed.
The feeding of the wire is done by the following operating parts :-
From the cross piece q" descends a sleeve t that is movable up and
down with the cross piece q¹, and surrounds the feed pipe u that
is perforated with a vertical hole for the wire to pass through. On the
sleeve t is an ear to which is jointed a connecting rod w, the lower
end of which is jointed to a knee lever x that is movable around a
fulcrum attached to the feed tube u, as shown in Fig. 10. The lower
end of the feed tube u is movable, and guided in a stationary perforated
pipe 2, as shown. When the cross piece q₁ and sleeve t descend
downwards the rod w turns the knee lever x around its fulcrum, when
the corner y on it is squeezed against the wire in the tube u, by which
operation the tube u, sleeve t, and wire, are all fed down together till
the inside of the arm 1 (being part of the knee x) strikes the regulating

page_text: tube 2, when the corner y of the knee x lets go its hold on the wire that
is cut off by the pair of knives, to be herein-after described. When the
cross piece q commences to move upwards, the rod wo turns the knee x
around its fulcrum, so that the outside of the arm 1 strikes against the
lever 3 that is hinged to the lower end of the stationary tube z, whereby
the lower corner of said lever 3 impinges against the wire and holds it
stationary in the tube z, thus preventing the wire from moving up with
the tube u and sleeve t and keeping it flush with the end of the
stationary tube z.
The appararatus for cutting off the peg or pin from the wire or wire-like
material is arranged as follows:-On the front of the cylinder ħ are
inserted two screws or pins 4, 4, that pass through ears on the knife
levers 5, 5, as fully shown in enlarged view on Fig. 4. The pins or
screws 4, 4, act as fulcrums around which the knife levers 5, 5, operate.
To the lower ends of the levers 5, 5, are the cutting knives 6, 6,
arranged and attached in a suitable way so as to be adjustable as they
wear off or as they are re-sharpened. The upper ends of the levers 5, 5,
are operated by means of pins 7, 7, 8, 8, or their equivalents working
on ways or inclines on said levers 5, 5. The said pins 7, 7, 8, 8 are
attached to the movable sleeve t, or to any other movable frame by
which the same result may be accomplished. As the pins 7, 7, 8, 8,
descend the knives 6, 6, spread apart and allow the wire to be fed down
in the throat 8, but when the sleeve t with the pins 7, 7, 8, 8, move
upwards the upper ends of the levers 5, 5, spread apart and the lower
edges of the knives 6, 6, meet together, thus cutting off the wire clean
and sharp.
After the wire is fed down the throats and cut off to the proper
length the cylinder h is turned around its axis so far that the driver
bar r comes right over the throat 8, when the said driver r drives the peg
into the stock held beneath the throat 8.
2nd. As has heretofore been shown I feed my wire perpendicularly
into a stationary throat or driving tube; formerly the wire on pegging
machines has been fed in an inclined direction to the way in which it is
to be driven, but I have the great advantage on my machine to feed and
drive the wire in one and the same direction, and this being a per-
pendicular one without any inclination to one side or the other.
3rd. The remaining portion of the wire in the feed tube after the peg
is cut off from it never changes its distance from the driver as it has

page_text: already been shown that the feed tube and driver swing together around
the axis of the cylinder h.
4th. The peg
is driven, clinched, or riveted from below inside the boot
or shoe as well as from above. This is accomplished in the following
manner :- -The frame d is secured and rests on a standard 9, to the
front of which is attached a suitable frame 10, in which the vertical
cylinder 11, that is made to swing around its axis in bearings, is movable
in suitable guides. The upper end of the cylinder 11 is attached to an
arched frame 12, having arched ways cut thereon, in which the presser
foot 13, provided at its base with corresponding arched guides is made
to move in a manner as fully shown in full and dotted lines on Fig. 1.
The presser foot 13 is provided at the lower end with a small roller 19,
that rolls on the arched frame 20 as the presser foot is moved on its
arched ways or guides. The lower driver or hammer 18 is surrounded
with a coiled spring 21, the action of which holds the roller 19 always in
contact with the arched frame 20. The said arched frame 20 has a
downward projecting rod 22 attached to it. Said rod projects through a
hole made in the cylinder 11, and the lower end of it is jointed to a
universally jointed rocking lever 23, that is supported in an arm 24,
which is jointed to the lower bearing for the cylinder 11. The lever 23
is operated by the universal joint rod 25, to the other end of which is
jointed the rocking lever 26, shown in Fig. 3. A rod 27 connects the
lever 26 to one end of the knee lever 28, the other end of which is pro-
vided with a pin that is guided and operated in a groove cut on the face
of the cam wheel 29, as shown in Figs. 3 and 5. By this arrangement a
positive lift is given to the lower driver or riveter 18, no matter how
thick or thin the stock may be that is operated upon. The presser
foot 13 may be placed in a vertical position, as shown in full lines on
Fig. 1, or it may be held in any suitable inclined position, as shown in
dotted lines on the same Figure, according to the shape of the work that
is to be pegged. The lower driver 18 rests on the arched frame 20,
which being of the same curvature as the ways on which the presser
foot 13 travels, allows the driver 18 to operate in any position of the.
presser foot. The lower driver 18 may be timed in its operation so as to
work before, at the same time, or after the upper driver rivets the peg,
according to whether the peg is to be riveted on the under side alone, or
on both sides, or on the upper side alone, to suit the requirements in
each case,

page_text: 5th. The presser foot 13 is as before stated perforated, so that the
lower driver can pass up through it. By this construction of the presser
foot a recess is formed in the upper end of it, into which the awl may
descend after passing through the stock, and it matters not therefore,
whether the stock is uneven in thickness at different places as the awl
can at all times pass right through the stock and descend into the open
upper end of the presser foot.
6th. The arrangement for pressing the stock together and holding it
so till the peg or pin is driven is carried out and operated as follows:
Under the standard 9 is a bearing 14 that serves as a fulcrum and
supports the treadle lever 15, the forward end of which is provided with
a foot plate 16 on which the operator places his foot when it is desired
to place or replace a boot or shoe on the upper part of the presser foot,
for which purpose a connecting rod 17 connects the lever 15 to the
lower bearing for the cylinder 11, as shown in Fig. 2. On the rear end
of the lever 15 rests the vertical rod 30, the upper end of which is
guided in bearings 31, 32, attached stationary to the standard 9. The
extreme upper end of the rod 30 is jointed to an adjustable link 33, the
upper end of which is connected to a rocking cam 34, by which the
length of the peg is partially regulated, as will herein-after be more
fully described. A collar 35 is attached firmly to the rod 30, and a
coiled spring 36 surrounds the rod 30 and presses with its lower end
against the collar 35, and with its upper end against an adjustable nut
37 screwed in the bearing 31, as shown in Figs. 2 and 3, by which the
strength of the spring 36 is casily adjusted. The spring 36 is arranged
for the purpose of balancing the weight of the cylinder 11 with its
bearings, arched frame 12, and the presser foot 13, and also for the
purpose of forcing the upper end of the presser foot against the stock
that rests between the feed wheel and the said presser foot. But as
this spring 36 is not alone reliable to hold the presser foot in a rigid
position during the punching and riveting of the stock I employ a cam
wheel 38 having a groove cut on its face with a throw more than the
depth of the teeth on the feed wheel; a pin or roll 39 plays therein and is
jointed to an adjustable rod 40, the lower end of which is connected to a
cam lever 41 that is hinged to ears made on the sleeve 42, which is
slipped loose over the rod 30 between the bearings 31 and 32, as fully
shown in Fig. 3. Between the lower end of the sleeve 42 and the
bearing 31 is placed a suitable spring 43 that lifts the sleeve 42 up

page_text: against the lower end of the adjustable nut 44 as soon as the lever 41
ceases to act. The inner end of the lever 41 is made as a cam that takes
hold directly on the rod 30, or on a plate placed between the cam 41
and the said rod 30, by which arrangement the cam 38 operates the rod 40,
and presses down and locks the cam lever 41, sleeve 42, and rod 30 together a
and holds them rigidly in that position. As the motion from the rod 30 is
communicated to the lever 15, connection 17, cylinder 11, and presser foot
13, it is easily seen that the presser foot is pressed upwards an additional
distance equal to the depth of the teeth on the feed wheel, by which the
stock is pressed together, the feed wheel points pressed in the stock, and 1
length of peg regulated, and the presser foot held so rigidly during the
descent of the awl, feed of the wire, and driving of the peg, after the per-
formance of which the cam 38 releases its hold on the cam 41 and rod 30,
when the feeding of the stock takes place without this extra pressure.
7th. The arrangement for the presser foot and cam for the partial ]
regulation of the length of the peg is constructed as follows:-The
adjustable connecting rod 33 is jointed to the adjustable cam disk 34,
that is made to rock around a stud or pin 45 secured to the frame d.
The cam disk 34 is operated partly by the spring 36, and partly by
the cam 38, rod 40, cam lever 41, and sleeve 42, as heretofore described.
The rear of the cam 34 has a groove cut on its face, as shown in dotted
lines on Fig. 3, in which plays a pin attached to an arm on the rocking
shaft 46, to the opposite end of which is attached a lever 47 the
extremity of which is jointed to the pin 48, shown in Fig. 10. The
pin 48 is connected rigidly to the regulating sleeve 2 that regulates
the feed of the wire, as heretofore already shown in Fig. 10, and
described. The groove on the cam 34, as shown in Fig. 3, is so made
that the length of the peg is regulated from the part marked Y to the
end of the right hand side thereof in such a manner that when the rod
33 is pressed downwards (and the presser foot 13 pressed upwards) 3
the shaft 46 is rocked in such a manner as to raise the end of the
operating lever 47 when the regulating sleeve 2 is also automatically
raised upwards to correspond with the lift of the presser foot 13, by
which arrangement the knee lever x, y, ceases to feed the wire down
the feed tube as soon as it comes in contact with the regulating sleeve &
or incline 2.

page_text: -
during the placing or replacing of a boot or shoe, or any other stock.
This is accomplished in the following manner and by the following
arrangement: The left hand side of the groove 34, to the left of the
line Y, rises very suddenly to the greatest throw of the cam, where
it remains as a circular arch; this is what I call the contra-motion of
the peg regulator, as by this means when the treadle 16 is pressed down
and the rod 30 pressed up, so far that the pin on the shaft 46 comes
to the place marked Y (which is the place for the longest pegs) should
then the rod 30 be pressed up any further it will raise the levers on
the shaft 46, and with them the regulating sleeve 2, very suddenly
to its highest position when no feeding of the wire takes place, even if
the machine should be kept in motion; if not for such
an arrange-
ment the machine would continue to cut and feed the wire during the
time when the stock was replaced on the presser foot, whereby many
pegs would naturally be wasted.
9th. The self-locking and registering apparatus for the vertical awl,
feed, and driver bars, is arranged as follows:-As the cylinder / is
rocked around its axis i it is very important that the awl, feed, and
driver, should each in their turn be exactly over the centre of the hole
in the throat s when they are pressed down, and to accomplish this
I secure to the frame d an arched guide 48, 48, made in two halves
that are held together by means of the cap or plate 49 screwed on
them, as shown in Figs. 4 and 14.
Under the cap 49 is a space or groove left, as shown at q¹ in Fig. 14.
This space is made a little wider at the top than the width of the regis-
tering cross pieces p", q", ", that are attached to the outside of the bars
p, q, and r, as shown in Fig. 12, but the central and lower parts of said
groove q¹¹¹ is made of exactly the same width as the cross pieces p¹¹, q",
and 11. The advantage of this arrangement is so that in case the
cylinder / should be rocked a trifle more or less (owing to the wear of
the parts) than the required distance for placing the bars p, q, and r
exactly centrally over the hole in the throat plate 8, that they may in
that case be guided by means of the registering pieces p", q¹¹, and 7¹¹ in
the tapering upper part of the groove q¹¹, and when once in the said
groove the pieces p", q", and are guided exactly, and without the
least side play in the lower and parallel part of said groove q¹¹³, when
the awl, feed, or driver bar is sure to come exactly over the hole in the
throat plate 8.

page_text: 10th. The feed of the stock is done as follows:-The Figs. 7, 8,
and 13 relate hereto. An arched bearing 50 is screwed to the front of
the frame d, as shown in Fig. 8. The throat plates is attached to a pin
or shaft that projects through the bearing 50 and the frame d, in which
it is held stationary by means of a set screw 52, as shown. A friction
wheel 53 is secured to a hollow spindle 54 that is movable loose around
the stationary throat plate shaft 51. The forward end of the hollow
spindle 54 is made a little larger in diameter than the throat plate 8, and
provided with feed teeth 55, as shown in Figs. 1, 4, and 8. These feed
teeth are made very sharp and pointed, so as to penetrate the stock.
easily, and carry it along without pressing it much together. To the
friction roller 53 is also secured the ratchet wheel 56, as shown. The
ratchet wheel 56 is operated by means of a pawl lever 57 that is jointed
to and operated by the connecting rod 58 and cog segment lever k,
shown in Fig. 7. Under the friction wheel 53 is held stationary to the
framed a friction strap 59 that can be tightened on to the circum-
ference of the wheel 53 by means of screws, as shown, for the purpose
of holding the feed wheel steady during the operation of the machine
when no feeding of the stock takes place. For the purpose of adjusting
the length of the feed I employ a disk 60 movable around the hub of
the friction wheel 53, and secured in place by means of a suitable set
screw 62, as shown. This disk 60 has on the upper part of it an arched
shield plate 61 that projects over the ratchet wheel 56, as shown in
Figs. 7 and 13, the object of which is to let the pawl slip over one or
more of the teeth on the ratchet wheel 56 without taking hold of such
parts, by which arrangement the feed of the ratchet wheel can be
adjusted with nicety. The disk 60 with its shield 61 can be turned
around the hub of the wheel 53, so as to allow the pawl to slip over one
or more teeth on the ratchet wheel 56 without taking hold of them, as
may be desired.
11th. My improved continuous wire is composed of one central wire,
around which is twisted one or more wires with a suitable pitch, after
which the whole is passed through a melted solder or alloy that unites
the different wires together, whereby a cable screw wire is formed that
is very elastic, and better adapted for pegs than the usual solid wire now
in use.
I also make my cable screw wire of a number of wires twisted
together without a central one, and united together by the solder or
alloy in the same manner as above named. My pegging machine is,

page_text: however, adapted for the use of any other kind of continuous wire,
whether solid or composed of several parts.
Having thus fully described the nature, construction, and operation of
my Invention, I wish to secure by Letters Patent, and claim,-
1st. A pegging machine constructed in such a manner as to punch
the hole in the stock, feed the wire or wire-like material, and to cut it
off and drive it, all in the same location and with the same cam or its
equivalent.
2nd. A pegging machine in which the wire or wire-like material is
fed down perpendicularly, and into a stationary throat or driving
tube.
3rd. A pegging machine in which the peg or pin is cut off from a
wire or wire-like material, and driven in the same location without
moving the end of the wire from the driver.
4th. A pegging machine on which one driver is operated above, and
one riveter below the stock.
5th. A work-supporting presser foot 13 perforated so as to receive the
awl, and allow the lower driver to pass through it.
6th. The arrangement and use of the cam 38, connecting rod 40, cam
lever 41, sleeve 42, and rod 30, or their equivalents, for the purpose of
pressing the stock together, and holding it so till the peg or pin is driven
and riveted.
7th. The arrangement of the movable sleeve 2, pin 48, lever 47, rock
shaft 46 with its lever, cam 34, connection 33, rod 30, spring 36, treadle
lever 15, connection 17, and the cylinder 11 with the presser foot 13, or
their equivalents, for the partial regulation of the length of the peg,
as fully set forth.
8th. In combination the regulating sleeve 2 and its connecting parts,
the
presser foot 13 and its connecting parts, to operate the rod 30, and
the rocking cam 34 with its groove Y cut in such a manner as. to move
the peg regulating sleeve 2 suddenly upwards at the longest peg, and to
allow the changing of stock without stopping the machine, for the
purpose of preventing the waste of pegs, as fully shown and described.
9th. In combination with the rocking awl, feed, and driver bars
p, q, r, and their registering projections p", q", and " of the arched

page_text: frame 48 provided with a tapering groove q¹¹¹, as and for the purpose set
forth.
10th. The feed arrangement for the stock consisting in the support 50,
friction wheel 53, and strap 59, shield wheel 60, 61, ratchet wheel 56,
pawl lever 57, operated in a manner and for the purpose set forth and
described.
11th. In combination the feed tube u, sleeve t, connection w, knee
lever y, regulating sleeve or incline 2, the operating rod g, and the
locking lever 3, as and for the purpose shown and described.
12th. The mechanism for operating the lower driver positively, con-
sisting in the cam 29, lever 28, rod 27, universally jointed levers 23, 26,
shaft 25, rod 22, arch 20, roller 19, and driver 18, or their equivalents,
as and for the purpose set forth.
13th. In combination the stationary axis i, operating bar g, movable
cylinder h, with the awl, feed, and driver bars p, q, and r, as well as the
knife levers 5, 5, arranged and operated in a manner as herein shown
and described.
14th. A swinging presser foot or work supporting point 13 constructed
to swing in any direction around its upper end as a centre, for the
purpose of pegging a boot or shoe without revolving the presser foot a
inside it, as set forth.
15th. A cable screw wire composed of one central wire, around which
is twisted one or more wire, or a series of wires twisted together and
united by means of a suitable solder or alloy, as fully set forth and
described.
Signed at Boston, Massachusetts, in the United States of America,
this Fifth day of November in the year of our Lord One thousand
eight hundred and seventy-two.
Witnesses,
ALBAN ANDRÉN,
W. M. BREWSTER.
JAMES H. REED. (L.S.)