Improvements in and relating to Mortising Machines.
Year: 1892

page_text: Date of Application, 6th Sept., 1892-Accepted, 8th Oct., 1392
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
[Communicated from abroad by Louis AUGUST BELMONT, Mechanic, and
ALFRED CORNELIUS CLOAD, Mechanic, both of 574, Bourbon Street, New
Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America.]
Improvements in and relating to Mortising Machines.
I, JOHN THOMAS KNOWLES, Manager to the firm of D. Young & Co., Patent
Agents, 11 & 12 Southampton Buildings, in the County of London, do hereby
declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement :-
This invention relates to mortising machines, and one purpose thereof is to
provide an attachment for machines of this type, whereby simple and inexpensive
devices are made part of the mortising mechanism, and are so constructed and
combined that the mortise recess is trimmed, or cored, with rapidity and accuracy,
while the chips or cuttings, formed by cach cut of the mortising chisel, or tool, are
automatically removed from the mortise at each withdrawal of the said tool.
The said invention is also designed to provide automatic devices whereby a
channel or recess in the cutting and trimming tool, or chisel, shall be automatically
opened to receive the cuttings, or chips, as they are formed and to retain them in
the said recess as the parts are withdrawn from the mortise the said recess
being traversed by a clearing traveller, by which the chip, or core, is discharged
from the said recess, as the tool withdraws from the mortise after each operative
stroke.
The said invention is also designed to provide a cutting and trimming tool, or
chisel, of novel and improved form; to make provision in the body thereof for
the reception of the chip, or core, formed by the knife at each operative movement ;
and to combine with the cutter, or chisel, a plunger attachment, pivotally connected
to a suitable support and carrying upon its end a cross-head to which the traveller
is connected, whereby the parts are enabled to accomodate themselves automatically
to any variation in their relative position.
The invention consists, to these ends, in the novel features of construction and
in the new combinations of parts hereinafter described.
To enable those skilled in the art to understand and to make, construct and use
the said invention I will proceed to describe the same in detail, reference being had
for such purpose to the accompanying drawings, in which-
Figure 1, is a perspective view, showing the said invention, the attachment being
shown as removed from the machine.
Figure 2, is a sectional elevation, the section-plane passing longitudinally through
the chisel, or cutter, from front to rear, the parts being shown at their lowest limit
of movement.
Figure 3, is a similar section, the parts being shown at the extreme upward
limit of motion; the means for connecting the attachment to a mortising machine
being indicated in both the figures last mentioned.
In the said drawing the reference numeral i denotes a box or bearing, of suitable
construction, having permanent and rigid attachment to a mortising machine, in the
usual manner.
This box provides a bearing for a vertical mandrel 2, which is
reciprocated by any of the means usually employed for such purposes, such mandrel
being provided at its end with a socket to receive the end of the chisel, or cutter,
and having the usual collar 3.
Upon the lower end of the box 1 is mounted a ring 4, secured in place by a
clamping set screw 5. From one side of this ring projects a lug 6, to which is
hinged or pivotally connected, the end of a plunger attachment 7.
The latter

page_text: element consists of a rigid bar divided through its lower portion into two-
parallel bars, or strips 8, one of which is rigid and the other hinged at 9.
The chisel or cutter, is of peculiar form, and consists of two side plates or side
pieces 10, parallel with each other and united at their rearward edges by a web
of metal 12 which is preferably intregral with the side plates 10.
At the cutting
end of the chisel, the side plates are bevelled off towards the rear, forming two
cutting edges 13, which are inclined downwardly and rearwardly and intersect the
vertical plane of the web 12, the said web being diminished in thickness as it
approaches the cutting edge formed by its lower extremity. This diminution in
thickness is produced by removing a portion of the face of the web lying between
the side plates (Figure 3) whereby the cutting edge 14 is caused to coincide, sub-
stantially, with cutting edges 15, formed by the edges of the side plates. The
lower edge of the web 12 is usually removed in such manner that its cutting edge 14
is somewhat above the two cutting edges 15. By the construction set forth, a
longitudinal chamber, or recess, is formed, enclosed by the two side-plates and the
web 12, but open or unenclosed along its front.
The chisel is provided with any convenient form of shank 16, to enter a socket.
in the mandrel 2, wherein it is secured by a set-screw 17. In each side-plate 10 of
the chisel is formed a slot 18, parallel with the axis of the mandrel 2, and in these
slots lies a bolt 19, the ends of which project outside the side-pieces 10 and enter
the extremities of the bars 8, forming part of the plunger attachment, the said
bars being prevented from spreading by a bolt 20. The bolt 19 passes through
a block, or cross-head 21, lying in and substantially filling the longitudinal recess
enclosed between the side plates 10. To this block, or cross-head, is attached a
clearer or traveller, 21, extending from its point of attachment downward for a
short distance (Figure 2,) and lying flat against the inner face of the web 12.
Projecting from the front of the chisel, just below the lower end of the shank,
is a bracket piece 22, having a slot or opening 23, within which is placed a snapper
bar consisting of a straight, rigid strip 24, supported in the recess, or slot 23, by a
pivot pin 25, and extending downward so far that its lower extremity is, preferably,
a little below the edge 14 of the web. The bar gradually diminishes in thickness
from the pivotal point 25, downward, but is of substantially uniform width, this
latter dimension being such that the bar may easily move within the recess in the
chisel between the side pieces 10. It projects a short distance above its pivotal
point and upon its upper and somewhat heavier end is formed or mounted, a
cam-plate 26 projecting upon one side of the end of the snapper bar, as shown
in Figure 1, and inclined at an angle of forty-five degrees, or less, therewith.
Upon the end of the bracket piece 22 is mounted a leaf-spring 27, its free end
engaging the lower edge of the cam-plate 26, whereby the upper end of the snapper
is normally thrown toward the chisel, thereby bringing its lower extremity against a
cross pin 28, which crosses the space between the side plates 10, at or near, the front
edges of the said plates.
Rigidly mounted upon one side of the ring 4, distant about ninety degrees of arc
from the lug 6, is a depending bracket 29, having a small inclination from a vertical
position, its lower end being provided with a transverse slot 30, within which is
adjustably mounted a pin 31, projecting inward or toward the chisel. The length
of the depending bracket is such that the pin 31 lies in the path of the cam-plate 26,
and engages the under, or lower face thereof, as the chisel descends, the point of
engagement being at, or about, the moment when the chisel has completed its cut,
as shown in Figure 2. Prior to such engagement the force of the spring 27 holds
the snapper bar in the position shown in Figure 3, its lower end portion resting
against the cross pin 28. In this position it is sufficiently removed from the closed
side of the recess in the chisel to permit the chip, or core to enter the said recess
without difficulty. In fact, the snapper bar aids in the production of this result,
and it tends to support and retain the chip, after it has entered.
The operation of the device is substantially as follows:
As the chisel descends into the mortise, the plunger attachment holds the clearing

page_text: traveller motionless, thereby leaving the longitudinal recess unobstructed to receive.
the chips, as in Figure 2. As the cut of the chisel is completed, or substantially
so, the cam-plate on the upper end of the snapper bar engages the pin 31, throwing
the lower end against the chip, or core, and crowding and packing it in the recess.
in the chisel.
The
The chisel now rises, raising the cam-plate off the pin 31, allowing the snapper
bar to move outward and rest against the pin 28, the chips being so compacted in
the recess in the chisel that they do not fall out to any material extent.
upward movement of the chisel causes the clearing traveller 21ª to ride to the
lower end of the recess in which it lies, thereby removing the chip, or core, from the.
recess in the interior of the chisel.
The lower end of the snapper bar 24 is provided with a removable point 32,.
having any ordinary construction, by which it may be temporarily made part of the
said bar. The tip or end of the point is beveled to an edge, to enable it to readily
sever any fibres which may adhere to the bottom of the mortise. As cousiderable
wear falls upon this edge, it is a matter of convenience to render the point.
replaceable by a duplicate from time to time.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed as communicated to
me by my foreign correspondents, I declare that what I claim is :-
First. In a mortising machine, the combination with a reciprocating chisel having
a longitudinal channel, slot or recess, of a snapper bar having its point lying in the
lower end of the slot or channel, and capable of a limited vibration therein, and
means for automatically forcing the said point inward in the said channel, to-
compact the chips therein, substantially as described.
Second. An attachment for mortising machines, consisting of a recessed chisel, a
plunger attachment having one end pivotally attached to a rigid support on the
machine, a cross-head lying in the recess in the chisel to which the lower end of
the plunger attachment is pivotally connected, a clearer carried by the said cross-
head, and a spring-actuated snapper bar, having a cam-plate adapted to engage a
cam pin on the downward stroke of the chisel, substantially as described.
Third. In a mortising machine, the combination, with a cutter or chisel having a
longitudinal recess or channel, of a snapper bar, pivotally mounted upon the said
chisel and having its point lying in the lower end of the recess therein, means for
automatically vibrating the said snapper bar to pack the detached chip or core, and
a clearer traversing the slot or channel as the chisel is withdrawn from the mortise,
substantially as described.
Fourth. In a mortising machine, the combination, with the chisel-mandrel and
with a box within which the said mandrel moves, of a cutter or chisel mounted in
the mandrel and having a longitudinal channel open upon the front edge and
extending nearly to the back of the cutter, a crosshead lying in the said channel
between the side pieces of the chisel, a plunger attachment hinged to a ring
mounted on the box and having parallel arms between which lies the chisel, the
said arms being engaged by pins on the crosshead, a snapper bar pivoted on a
bracket projecting from the front of the cutter or chisel, the lower end of the said
snapper bar lying in the channel of the chisel, a cam-pin supported by an arm
rigidly attached to a bracket extending downward from the ring and lying in the
path of a cam plate on the descending snapper bar, and a clearer attached to the
cross-head, substantially as described.
Fifth. The combination, with a chisel having a channel or recess, of a snapper-
bar for pressing the chips in the channel or recess, substantially as described.
Dated this Sixth day of September 1899
D. YOUNG & Co.,
11 & 12, Southampton Buildings, London, W.C.,
Agents for the Applicant.