Improvements in or connected with Primary or Galvanic Electric Batteries.
Year: 1897

page_text: Date of Application, 27th May, 1897
Complete Specification Left, 4th Jan., 1898-Accepted, 26th Feb., 1898
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in or connected with Primary or Galvanic Electric
Batteries.
I, CHARLES NESTOR GAUZENTES, of 5, York Grove, Queen's Road, Peckham, in
the County of London, Chemist and Electrician, do hereby declare the nature of
this invention to be as follows:-
-;
This invention refers to single fluid primary batteries suitable for electric light-
ing and other purposes, so constructed and arranged, that no leakage of the fluid
can take place, that the metal electrode can be readily removed and replaced, that
the electrolyte can be poured in or out with facility and without liability of causing
damage to, or disarranging, the connections, and that the cells composing the
batteries are compactly placed, and the manufacture may be simply and cheaply
carried out.
According to my invention I employ a cell or receptacle preferably composed
of lead, and attached by soldering to the interior sides of which cell are carbon
plates. The mouth of the receptacle is closed by a cover having a central aperture,
the said cover being preferably made of wood, fitting flush with the top edges of
the receptacle, and hermetically closing same.
Onto the interior side of the cover, I secure a sheet of flexible material, such as
india rubber, having an aperture formed centrally therein, coinciding with, but of
somewhat smaller diameter than the central aperture in the cover; upon the
exterior of the cover, and immediately above the central aperture thereof, I secure
a tubular sleeve, having external trunnions upon two opposite sides.
A zinc electrode, which may conveniently be of cylindrical formation, is secured
by say screwing to a rod of brass or other metal, the rod having an enlarged head
upon the end furthest from the zinc plate, and a groove is formed under the head
to receive and hold in position an elastic ring. Pivotally mounted upon the before-
mentioned trunnions is a bridge shaped piece or yoke having a thumb screw fitted
centrally in the crown or cross piece of same.
The zinc electrode is passed through the tubular sleeve, through the wood cover,
and then passes through and also expands the aperture in the sheet of india rubber.
The rod carrying the electrode is forced down until the rubber ring under the head
of the said rod, rests upon the upper end of the tubular sleeve; the yoke is then
moved upon its trunnions, until the thumb screw carried thereby is brought over
the centre of the electrode carrying rod, the screw is then turned, and the flexible
ring compressed between the top of the sleeve and the enlarged head of the rod:
By these means an air-tight closure of the passage, by which the electrode is inserted,
is ensured, and the zinc electrode may be readily detached from the rod and
replaced when required.
The zinc electrode only extends through a portion of the depth of the closed
cell, so that upon the cell being reversed in position, the liquid electrolyte, con-
tained therein, will not reach the said electrode, and therefore the cells, so reversed.
will be thrown out of action, and thus switches are not generally required. I prefer

page_text: to employ un-amalgomated zinc for the electrode, that is zinc which has not been
treated with mercury and I employ a suitable electrolyte which does not necessitate
the amalgamation of the zinc, and should not be corrosive or poisonous.
Such cells, as described, are arranged in a casing, being insulated from each other,
and also insulated from the casing, if the latter is made of conducting material,,
and the elements are connected up in the usual manner.
Upon the removal of the electrode-carrying rod, the electrolyte can be poured
in or out by means of the sleeve tube, and the electrode again replaced, and this
without any liability of causing damage to the connections.
The arrangement and construction of battery as described, is particularly suitable
for use with portable electric lights, such as may be employed for velocipedes for
miners, and other lamps.
COMPLEIE DIECIFICATION.
Improvements in or connected with Primary or Galvanic Electric
Batteries.
I, CHARLES NESTOR GAUZENTÉS, of 5, York Grove, Queen's Road, Peckham, in
the County of London, Chemist and Electrician, do hereby declare the nature of
this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
This invention refers to single fluid primary batteries suitable for electric light-
ing, and other purposes, so constructed and arranged, that no leakage of the fluid
can take place, that the metal electrode can be readily removed and replaced, that
the electrolyte can be poured in or out with facility and without liability of causing
damage to, or disarranging, the connections, and that the cells composing the
battery are compactly placed, and the manufacture may be simply and cheaply
carried out.
My invention will be readily understood by the following description having
reference to the accompanying drawings, whereon Fig. 1 is a vertical section shew-
ing a battery comprising the cells constructed according to my invention, Fig. 2
is a sectional plan of same and Fig. 3 is a side elevation of a closure cap hereafter
described.
Referring to Figs. 1 and 2, I employ a cell or receptacle A composed preferably
of lead coated interiorally with tin, and I attach carbon plates B to the interior
sides of the cell by straps B₁ made preferably of tin coated lead, soldered to the
sides thereof and to the said carbons. The base of the cell A is closed by a plate C
say of wood, and is made liquid tight, while the mouth of the cell is hermetically
closed by a cover D say of wood having a central aperture; the cover D may be
fitted flush with the top edges of the cell.
Onto the interior side the cover D, I secure a sheet of flexible material E such
as india rubber, having an aperture formed centrally therein, concentric with, but
of somewhat smaller diameter than the central aperture in the cover D; upon the
exterior of the cover and immediately above the central aperture thereof, I secure
a projecting tubular sleeve F, having external trunnions G upon two opposite sides.
A zinc electrode H which may conveniently be of cylindrical formation, is
secured by say screwing to a rod H' of brass or other metal, the rod H¹ having an
enlarged head H2 upon the end furthest from the zinc electrode H, and a groove
is formed under the head H2 to receive and hold in position an elastic ring J. I

page_text: then provide mechanical means whereby pressure may be readily applied to, or
removed from, the head H2 of the rod H¹, and with this object as illustrated upon
the left hand cell at Fig. 1, I pivottally mount upon the before-mentioned
trunnions G, a bridge shaped piece or yoke K having a thumb screw K¹ fitted
centrally in the crown or cross piece of same.
The zinc electrode H is passed through the tubular sleeve F, through the wood
cover D, and then passes through and also expands the aperture in the sheet of
india rubber E. The rod H¹ carrying the electrode H is forced down until the
rubber ring J under the head H2 of the said rod H¹ rests upon the upper end of the
tubular sleeve F; the yoke K is then moved upon its trunnions G, until the thumb
screw K¹ carried thereby, is brought over the centre of the electrode-carrying rod H¹,
the screw K' is then turned, and the flexible rim J compressed between the top of
the sleeve and the enlarged head of the rod.:
Instead of the yoke K, I may employ as an equivalent, a cap or thimble K as
shewn on the right hand cell of Fig. 1, and in detached side elevation at Fig. 3.
This cap K is formed with bayonet joint slots K2 upon each side to take onto the
trunnions G G, and the base of the cap presses upon an elastic or india rubber
washer K³. Passing through the top of the cap K is the thumb screw K¹ which
acts, when the cap is in the position shewn, to press upon the head H2 and effect
the hermetic closure of the parts. By these means an air-tight closure of the
passage by which the electrode is inserted is ensured, and the zinc electrode may be
readily detached from the rod and replaced when required.
The zinc electrode as shewn only extends through a portion of the depth of the
closed cell, so that upon the cell being reversed in position from that shewn, by the
battery being turned half a revolution about the centre indicated by the dotted
circle N, the battery will be brought into action; when the battery is in the position
as at Fig. 1, the liquid electrolyte contained in the cells will not reach the said
electrode, and therefore the cells will be out of action; thus switches are not
generally required. In some cases instead of reversing the position of the battery
to bring same in or out of action, I may remove or replace the metal electrode as
required. When the electrodes H are removed they may be unscrewed from the
rod H and the latter can then be employed to again close the tube F while the
electrodes H can be placed in some convenient receptacle until again required for
use.
The cells as described are arranged in a casing such for example as is shewn at
Figs. 1 and 2 marked L, being insulated from each other, and also insulated from
the casing, if the latter is made of conducting material, by any suitable insulating
substance or material as at M, and the elements are connected up in the usual
manner.
Upon the removal of the electrode-carrying rod H¹ the electrolyte can be poured
in or out by means of the sleeve tube F, and the electrode again replaced, and this
without any liability of causing damage to the connections, the liquid passing out
by the tubes F quite clear of the battery.
The arrangement and construction of battery as described is particularly suitable
for use with portable electric lights, such as may be employed for velocipedes, for
miners' and other lamps.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim is: -
1. In primary or galvanic electric batteries, a cell composed of a lead casing,
having a tin coated interior surface, a hermetically closed base and top cover, carbon
plates attached by soldering to the interior sides of the cell, a central aperture in
the cover, an exterior projecting tubular sleeve on the cover, a headed rod passing
into the sleeve, and an elastic washer between the rod head and the top of the sleeve
tube, means for applying and maintaining pressure on the rod head to make a
tight joint, a metal electrode adapted to screw into the end of the headed rod and

page_text: to project through the cover into the cell, and an elastic washer fixed to the interior
of the cover, which washer is expanded by the passage therethrough of the metal
electrode, and a tight joint is formed therewith, substantially as set forth.
2. In primary or galvanic electric batteries, a cell composed of a lead casing
having a tin coated interior surface, a closed base and top cover, and carbon plates
attached to the interior sides of the lid by tin coated lead straps soldered to the cell
sides and to the carbons, in combination with an aperture in the cover, through
which the metal electrode is passed, an elastic washer around the aperture on the
interior of the cover to make a tight joint between the cover and the metal electrode,
and a tubular exteriorally projecting sleeve to the aperture, whereby upon the
removal of the electrode the electrolyte can be poured away clear of the battery,
and the means for securing the metal electrode when inserted and making a her-
metic joint, substantially as described.
3. The particular construction and arrangement of parts composing my improved
primary or galvanic battery all combined and acting substantially as and for the
purposes described and illustrated with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Dated this 4th day of January 1807
BREWER & SON,
London and Leeds, Agents for the Applicant.