IMPROVEMENTS IN AND CONNECTED WITH MACHINERY FOR WASHING YARNS, AND APPLICABLE FOR DYEING AND OTHERWISE TREATING V
Year: 1879

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Norman Fraser, of the Firm of Douglas Fraser and Sons,
of Arbroath, in the County of Forfar, North Britain, Manufacturers, for the
Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN AND CONNECTED WITH MACHINERY FOR
WASHING YARNS, AND APPLICABLE FOR DYEING AND OTHERWISE TREATING
V"
Sealed the 12th December 1879, and dated the 25th September 1879.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Norman Fraser at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 25th September 1879.
NORMAN FRASER, of the Firm of Douglas Fraser and Sons, of Arbroath, in the
"IMPROVEMENTS IN AND CON-
County of Forfar, North Britain, Manufacturers.
NECTED WITH MACHINERY FOR WASHING YARNS, AND APPLICABLE FOR DYEING
AND OTHERWISE TREATING YARNS."
This Invention has for its object by means of improved apparatus to wash and
otherwise treat Yarns in an efficient and satisfactory manner, and with less manual
labor and handling than has hitherto been required.
In the improved apparatus the yarns in hanks are carried through the washing
trough or tank on a number of rotating bobbins or rollers, fixed on horizontal shafts
carried radially in bearings on a horizontal disc or wheel-like frame. The tank is
of an annular form, and is by preference made of or lined with concrete or hydraulic
cement. It is not however a complete circle but is made with radial ends at one
part between which there is a space communicating with the central space.
washing yarns, the fresh water enters at one end of the trough and overflows from
the other end, and the yarns are placed on the bobbins so as to enter the discharge
end of the trough, and they are carried round to the other end so as to be subjected
to the cleanest water just as they leave the trough.
When
The motion for carrying round the bobbins and making them rotate is derived
from an overhead horizontal driving shaft, which has on it a bevil pinion gearing
with a bevil wheel on a vertical shaft, the lower end of which is in a footstep
bearing on the centre of the disc or wheel frame carrying the shafts of the bobbins.
These bobbin shafts are held each in two bearings on the wheel frame, and have
fast on their inner ends bevil pinions in gear with a bevil wheel on the upper
vertical shaft. The wheel frame is fixed on a lower vertical shaft, and its move-
ment for carrying the bobbins round the trough is derived from a fixed spurwheel,

page_text: with which there gears a pinion on a short vertical spindle, carried in bearings on
the wheel frame and driven by a bevil wheel fast at its upper end and in gear with
a bevil wheel fast on one of the bobbin shafts. The pinion gearing with the fixed
spurwheel is fitted on its spindle with a conical clutch surface, and is secured by a
screw nut which will allow of the parts slipping in the event of an obstruction
occurring. There may be two or more of the pinions respectively proportioned to
give different speeds of the wheel frame, the particular one giving the required speed
at any time being tightened up and the others left loose or removed.
Automatic apparatus is provided for removing the washed hanks off the bobbins,
and constitutes an important part of the present Invention, being applicable also to
other yarn washing or treating machines. This removing or doffing apparatus is
worked by a vertical shaft situated just outside of the trough at the delivery end,
and driven by means of a horizontal shaft and bevil wheels from the vertical shaft
of the wheel frame. The vertical doffing shaft has fixed on it at a level a little
lower than the bottoms of the bobbins a horizontal disc or plate, fitted with bearings
carrying four radial spindles, the outer ends of which are in the form of open loops,
shaped like blunt hooks. The spindle of each hook has formed on it a horn, which
as the disc rotates passes under a stationary cam guide, and is thereby turned so as
to put the hook in a horizontal position. Each hook in its turn, and when thus:
turned into a horizontal position, enters into the, lot of yarn banks on one of the
bobbins, and in consequence of the rotation of the vertical doffing shaft takes the
hanks of the bobbin...
The hanks are carried by the hook until in a certain position the horn on its
spindle escapes from the fixed cam guide, and thereupon the hook turns down
and lays the haňks upon an endless lattice or travelling rack, which leads them
to squeezing rollers or otherwise away.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Norman Fraser in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 22nd March
1880.
NORMAN FRASER, of the Firm of Douglas Fraser and Sons, of Arbroath, in the
County of Forfar, North Britain, Manufacturers. "IMPROVEMENTS IN AND CON-
NECTED WITH MACHINERY FOR WASHING YARNS, AND APPLICABLE FOR DYEING
AND OTHERWISE TREATING YARNS."
My said Invention has for its object by means of improved apparatus or.
machinery to wash and otherwise treat yarns in an efficient and satisfactory
manner, and with less manual labor and handling than has hitherto been required.
In my improved apparatus the yarns in hanks are placed on horizontal radiating
rollers or bobbins, on which they are carried through the washing trough or tank,
this tank being of an annular form but not extending quite to a complete circle.
The gearing by means of which the rollers or bobbins are carried round and made
to rotate is arranged in an improved manner, hereinafter described; and automatic
apparatus is provided for removing the washed hanks off the rollers or bobbins, and
constitutes an important part of my Invention, being also applicable to other

page_text: machines for washing or treating yarns. This automatic doffing apparatus comprises
a vertical shaft, having on it a disc carrying four radiating spindles, the ends of
which are in the form of open loops shaped like blunt hooks. Each hook in its
turn, and when in a horizontal position, is by the rotation of the vertical shaft.
made to enter into the lot of yarn hanks on one of the rollers or bobbins and take
the banks off. The hanks are carried round by the hook until in a certain position
it turns down and lays the hanks on an endless lattice or travelling rack which
leads them to the squeezing rollers or otherwise away.
And in order that my said Invention and the manner of performing the same
may be properly understood I hereunto append two Sheets of explanatory Drawings
to be hereinafter referred to, and representing yarn washing machinery and doffing
apparatus as made with my improvements. In these Drawings the same reference
numerals are used to mark the same or like parts wherever they are repeated.
Figure 1 on Sheet 1 of the accompanying Drawings is a sectional plan; and
Figure 2 on Sheet 2 is a vertical section.
In the improved apparatus the yarns in hanks are carried through the washing,
trough or tank 3 on a number of rotating bobbins or rollers 4, fixed on horizontal
shafts 5, which are carried radially in bearings 6, 7, on a horizontal disc or wheel-
like frame 8. The tank 3 is on an annular form in plan, and is by preference made
of or lined with concrete or hydraulic cement; it is not however a complete circle.
but is made with radial ends 9, 10, between which there is an opening or space 11
extending from the outside to a central space. In Figure 2 the section is taken as
through the opening or space 11 and across the tank at the part opposite to the
opening. The tank 3 is in vertical, radial, or cross section, by preference of the
form shown at the right-hand side of Figure 2, namely, having a rectangular lower
part with upper flaring or expanding sides, but this form may be modified in some
cases. When washing yarns the fresh water enters at one end 9 of the trough 3
and overflows or passes off at the other. end 10, and the yarns are placed on the
bobbins 4 anywhere between the ends 9 and 10, accordingly as more or less washing
is required in each case, and they are carried round to the other end 9 so as to be
subjected to the cleanest water just as they leave the trough.
The motion for carrying round the bobbins 4 and making them rotate is derived
from an overhead horizontal driving shaft 12, which has on it a bevil pinion 13
gearing with a bevil wheel 14 on a vertical shaft 15, the lower end of which is in
a footstep bearing on the centre of the disc or wheel frame 8. The bobbin shafts 5
are held each in two bearings 6, 7, on the wheel frame 8, and have fast on their
inner ends bevil pinions 16, which are in gear with a bevil wheel 17 on the upper
vertical shaft 15. The wheel frame 8 is fixed on a lower vertial shaft 18, and its
movement for carrying the bobbins 4 round the trough 3 is derived from a fixed
spurwheel 19, with which there gears a pinion 20 on a short vertical spindle carried
in bearings 21 on the wheel frame 8, and driven by a bevil wheel 22 fast on its
upper end and in gear with a bevil pinion 23 fast on one of the bobbin shafts 5.
The pinion 20 gearing with the fixed spur wheel 19 is fitted on its short shaft with
a conical clutch surface, and is secured by a screw nut 24 which will allow of the
parts slipping in the event of an obstruction occurring. There may be two or more
pinions 20 respectively proportioned to give different speeds of the wheel frame 8,
the particular one giving the required speed in any case being tightened up and
the others left loose or removed. The fixed spurwheel 19 rests on the inner wall
of the tank, and the centre of the wheel serves as a collar bearing for the vertical
shaft 18.
The automatic doffing apparatus is carried and worked by a vertical shaft 25,
which is driven from the central vertical shaft 18 by means of a horizontal shaft 26
and bevil wheels 27, 28. The vertical doffing shaft 25 has fixed on it at a level a
little lower than the bottoms of the bobbins 4 a horizontal disc or plate 29, fitted
with bearings carrying four radial spindles 30, the outer ends 31 of which are in
the form of open loops shaped like blunt hooks. Each spindle 30 has formed on it
a horn 32, which as the disc 29 rotates passes under a stationary cam guide 33, and

page_text: is thereby turned so as to put the hook 31 in a horizontal position. The cam
guide 33 is carried on the shaft 25 and disc 29, but is prevented from turning by a
stay rod 34 connecting it to an overhead beam. The number of hooked spindles
30, 31, on the disc 30 may be varied, but in all cases the ratio of the gearing
between the shafts 18 and 25 must be such that as each bobbin 4 comes round to
the position between the ends 9, 10, of the trough a hook 31 moves round into the
proper position for doffing the hanks. Thus when there are twelve bobbins 4 and
four hooks 31, as shown in the Drawings, the doffing shaft 25 must make three
turns for every turn of the wheel frame 8. Each hook 31 is turned on its spindle
into a horizontal position by the cam guide 33 just before it is about to pass round
under a bobbin 4, and then the onward motions of the bobbin and of the hook in
diverging directions cause the latter to take the lot of banks off the bobbin. The
hanks thus taken off the bobbin 4 are carried round by the hook 31 until in a
certain position the horn 32 on its spindle 30 escapes from under the stationary
cam guide 33, and thereupon the hook 31 turns down and lays the hanks upon an
endless lattice or travelling rack 35, which leads them to squeezing rollers 36.
The first-motion shaft 12 has on it a pulley 37 for a driving rope, this pulley
being loose on the shaft which it turns by means of a frictional clutch 38. The
clutch is put into or out of gear by means of a forked lever 39, connected by a
link 40 to a lever 41 on a shaft 42, which has on it a longer lever 43, connected by
a link 44 and by a swivel joint to the rim of a large light handwheel 45 set loosely
on a collar on the vertical shaft 15. This handwheel 45 is accessible from
every side of the tank 3, and affords great facility for stopping or starting the
machinery.
Having thus particularly described my said Invention, and the manner of per-
forming the same, I have to state that I do not restrict myself to the precise details
herein described or delineated, but that what I believe to be novel and claim as
the Invention secured to me by and in terms of the hereinbefore in part recited
Letters Patent is,-
1. The arranging or combining together of the parts of machinery for washing
or otherwise treating yarns, substantially in the improved manner herein before
described.
2. The constructing of the tank (3) in the form shown, and of or lined with
concrete or hydraulic cement, as hereinbefore described.
3. The arrangements for carrying and driving the rollers or bobbins (4) as
hereinbefore described.
4. The arrangements for moving the wheel frame (8), as hereinbefore described.
5. The apparatus for removing hanks of yarn from rollers or bobbins, and com-
prising hooks (31), or equivalents, which being carried continuously round are by
a stationary cam guide (33) turned into positions for first removing the hanks and
afterwards laying them down, the parts being arranged and working substantially
as herein before described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Norman Fraser, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this Seventeenth day of March, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and eighty.