Improvements connected with Means or Apparatus for Filtering "Feed-water" or other Flowing Liquids.
Year: 1894

page_text: Date of Application, 25th Aug., 1894
Complete Specification Left, 27th May, 1895-Accepted, 29th June, 1895
- PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements connected with Means or Apparatus for Filtering
"Feed-water" or other Flowing Liquids.
I, HENRY HOCKING, of 34 Hale Road, Walton, Liverpool, in the County of
Lancaster, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
This invention has reference more particularly to the filtration of water as it is
supplied, that is whilst in motion, on its way to steam generators, such water
generally called "feed-water "; and it has, amongst other things, for its object, to
provide simple and inexpensive means and apparatus for effecting this end, and to
so construct the apparatus that access can be readily had to the interior, and
internal part or parts removed, when desired. The invention, however, is also
applicable for use in other cases where water or liquids have to be equivalently
filtered.
In the application to the filtration of feed-water, where such water is the result
of the condensation of steam from a steam engine or engines, as in condensing
steam engines, the matters which it is most desired to remove are grease and
greasy matters which exist in and are carried by the steam coming from the
engine.
According to this invention, filtering material is contained in an annular
cylindrical chamber, the inner and outer walls of which are of perforated metal or
metal cylinders with apertures in them, the ends being closed by solid or perforated
annular diaphragms, or equivalent means; and in some cases wire gauze or finely
perforated metal is used in connection with one or both of said walls. This vessel
or chamber filled with a filtering material, is contained within an outer vessel or
cylinder, with a cover, which is readily removed and placed in position. In
connection with this outer case and the annular chamber, a suitable inlet and outlet
to and from the apparatus are provided for the feed; and also suitable apertures or
provisions are made, and cocks provided, by which steam is admitted to the
apparatus, and condensed water drained off, for the purposes of cleaning the
filtering material when dirty.
In one form and arrangement of parts under this invention, the outer casing or
cylinder, and the filtering material chamber, are about the same length, and at one
end-say at the bottom in the case of vertical arrangement-an end chamber or
cover, with the inlet and outlet passages or branches thereon, is provided; whilst
at the opposite end of the cylinder, the cover for gaining access thereto is
arranged. At this latter end a stud, or other device, passing through the cover,
and acting on a part of or provision on the internal annular chamber, is provided,
by which such chamber is kept in place in the body of the apparatus, the opposite
end being adapted to fit in or on a seat, or like provision, making a joint therewith;
and such seat being on or forming part of one of the branches, as the outlet branch,
for the filtered water.
In action, the unfiltered water passes in by the inlet chamber and rises up round
the filtering chamber, and then passes through the apertures in the outer containing
wall into and through the material therein, leaving it by the interior perforated
wall, through and from which it passes into the outlet in a filtered condition.
some cases the reverse mode of passing the water through the filter may be adopted
In

page_text: When the filter requires renovating of-inspecting, the end cover is removed, when.
the whole internal parts can be withdrawn:
When the filtering material is dirty, it is cleaned by closing the water ways by
suitable cocks provided on or in connection with them, and admitting steam to the
apparatus, causing it to pass through the material, say in the opposite way to the
direction of flow of the water.
In filters of the kind herein referred to, that is for filtering water charged with
oil or greasy matters, and where the water is in motion, or a state of flow, to obtain
a serviceable and satisfactory filter, the filtering material must be such as will
permit of a relatively free and ready flow of water (and cleansing fluid) through it,
that will remove in the desired manner and degree the said oil or greasy matter,
and that will withstand the actions to which it is subjected, and for a relatively long
time without having to be renewed, and will not necessitate the removal of, or much
attention to, the inner parts of the apparatus. I find that coir or cocoa-nut fibre or
fabric, suitably used and charged and held in a filtering chamber of a feed-water
filter, fulfils these conditions or requirements; this material, therefore, in all cases
where suitable and convenient, I prefer to use in the improved construction of filter
hereinbefore described.
Dated this 24th dan 100%
CHEESBROUGH & ROYSTON, Fels. Chart. Inst. P.A.,
15 Water Street, Liverpool, Applicant's Patent Agents.
Improvements connected with Means or Apparatus for Filtering
"Feed-water" or other Flowing Liquids.
I, HENRY HOCKING, of 34 Hale Road, Walton, Liverpool, in the County of
Lancaster, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement :-
This invention has reference more particularly to the filtration of water as it is
supplied, that is whilst in motion on its way to steam generators, such water being
generally called "feed-water"; and it has, amongst other things, for its object, to
provide simple and inexpensive means and apparatus for effecting this end, and to
so construct the apparatus that access can be readily had to the interior, and
internal part or parts removed, when desired. The invention, however, is also
applicable for use in other cases where water or liquids have to be equivalently
filtered.
In the application of the filtration of feed-water, where such water is the result
of the condensation of steam from a steam engine or engines, as in condensing steam
engines, the matters which it is most desired to remove are grease and greasy
matters which exist in and are carried by the steam coming from the engine.
According to this invention, filtering material is contained in an annular
cylindrical chamber, the inner and outer walls of which are of perforated metal or
metal cylinders with apertures in thein, the ends being closed by solid or perforated
annular diaphragms, or equivalent means; and in some cases, wire gauze or finely
perforated metal is used in connection with one or both of said walls. This vessel
or chamber filled with a filtering material, is contained within an outer vessel or
cylinder, with a cover, which is readily removed and placed in position. In
connection with this outer case and the annular chamber, a suitable inlet and outlet
to and from the apparatus are provided for the feed; and also suitable apertures
or provisions are made, and cocks provided, by which steam is admitted to the
apparatus, and condensed water drained off, for the purpose of cleaning the filtering
material when dirty.

page_text: In one form and arrangement of parts under this invention, the outer casing or
cylinder, and the filtering material chamber, are about the same length, and at one
end-say at the bottom in the case of a vertical arrangement-inlet and outlet
passages or branches are provided; whilst at the opposite end of the cylinder, the
cover for gaining access thereto is arranged. At this latter end a stud, or other
device, passing through the cover, and acting on a part of or provision on the
internal annular chamber, is provided, by which such chamber is kept in place in
the body of the apparatus, the opposite end being adapted to fit in or on a seat, or
like provision, making a joint therewith; and such seut being on or forming part
of one of the branches, as the outlet branch, for the filtered water.
In action, the unfiltered water passes in by the inlet chamber and rises up round
the filtering chamber, and then passes through the apertures in the outer containing
wall into and through the material therein, leaving it by the interior perforated
In some
wall, through and from which it passes into the outlet in a filtered condition.
cases the reverse mode of passing the water through the filter may be adopted.
When the filter requires renovating or inspecting, the end cover is removed, when
the whole internal parts can be withdrawn.
When the filtering material is dirty, it is cleaned by closing the water ways by
suitable cocks provided on or in connection with them, and admitting steam to the
apparatus, causing it to pass through the material, say in the opposite way to the
direction of flow of the water.
In filters of the kind herein referred to, that is for filtering water charged with
oil or greasy matters, and where the water is in motion, or a state of flow, to obtain
a serviceable and satisfactory filter, the filtering material should be such as will
permit of a relatively free and ready flow of water (and cleansing fluid) through it,
that will remove in the desired manner and degree the said oil or greasy matter,
and that will withstand the actions to which it is subjected, and for a relatively
long time without having to be renewed, and will not necessitate the removal of, or
much attention to, the inner parts of the apparatus. I find that coir or cocoa-nut
fibre or fabric, suitably used and charged and held in a filtering chamber of a
feed-water filter, fulfils these conditions or requirements; this material, therefore,
in all cases where suitable and convenient, I prefer to use in the improved
construction of filter hereinbefore described.
Drawings illustrative of this invention are hereto annexed, Figure 1 being an
elevation in section shewing a vertically arranged filter, and Figure 2 an elevation
of a horizontal arrangement.
Referring to the drawings, and more particularly to Figure 1, in the first instance,
a is the outer casing or cylinder, of which 6 is the inlet for unpurified water, and
c is the outlet for the purified water, the upper edge of the central portion of c
being formed into a seat to receive the filtering material container. dis the cover
of the filter, it being secured to the casing a by simple means, as bolts, which can
readily be removed and the cover taken off, and replaced, when desired. e is the
inner wall of the filtering material container or chamber; and it consists of a
perforated tube-of brass or suitable material; and is the outer wall of this
chamber, and it consists of wire gauze, or perforated metal. A is the bottom plate
of the filter vessel or chamber, having upon it vertical annular ribs, as shewn, to
which the inner and outer walls e and are secured, and a conical ring on the
underside, the outer side of which is of corresponding form to the seat c', with
which it makes a tight joint. i is an annular cover for enclosing the upper end of
the annular chamber containing the filtering material, this cover having vertical
flanges thereon filling in the annular mouth between the upper ends of the walls e
and f; j is a cap fastened to and filling the top end of the tube e; and k is the
charge of filtering medium,-coir yarn or cocoa-nut fibre.
In some cases a cylinder of wire gauze may be used on the exterior surface of the
tube e.
o is a cock by which the inlet of water to the filter is controlled, p being the inlet
pipe thereto; and q is a cock controlling the outlet c for filtered water, being the

page_text: pipe for carrying off the purified water. s is a valve to be used as a by-pass valve,
it being connected up to extensions p' and ' of the pipes p and r, respectively.
t is a drain cock by which the cleansing water, resulting from condensation of steam
used in the cleansing operation, passes away from the apparatus, u being a passage
(which will be provided with a suitable cock) for the introduction of such steam.
Zis a screwed spindle by which the filtering material chamber or container is
held in position, and the part or ring h¹ held upon the seat c'. The end of the
spindle 7, as will be seen, presses on the upper end of the ring bolt
m, which screws
into the cap j, and serves to press down, and keep in position, the loose upper
cover i, and the material k, by the cupped plate n.
In action, the cock s being closed, and o and 9 opened, the impure water enters
the vessel a by the passage b, and passing up round the annular space between the
interior of this vessel and the exterior of the filter container wall f, passes into or
through this wall, and thence on through the filtering material in a horizontal
direction towards the inner wall e, through which it passes, and then flowing down e
into the outlet c, it passes away through the cock 9 and outlet pipe r, in a purified
condition, to the steam generator or other place of use or storage.
When the filter material becomes dirty, and requires cleansing, the cocks q and o
are closed, the drain cock t is opened, and steam is introduced through the
passage u. This steam passes up and through the filter in the opposite direction to
that of the water in the filtering action, leaving it as condensed water by the
cock t.
To remove the filtering medium container or chamber, say for the purpose of
putting in a new charge of the material, the cover d is removed, whereupon the
filtering material container in the vessel can be withdrawn; and then by screwing
out the ring bolt m, the plates n and i can be removed, and the annular charge of
fibre removed from the container and a new one inserted. When this is done, the
parts are put together, and the whole device replaced in position, the cover d put
on and fastened, and the spindle screwed down sufficiently tight to make the
ring make a joint with c¹. When this is being done, the valves o and q are closed,
and the bypass is open.
8
In the arrangement shewn in Figure 2, the vessel a has its axis horizontally
disposed, and the valves for controlling the flow of water to and from it are disposed
on the upper side of it. The valve marked os in this case serves both as an inlet
for the impure water, and also as a bye-pass valve, when the feed is not being passed
through the filter. To effect this, the case of the valve is provided with a seat on
the branch b, and one on the branch p¹, the valve itself being provided with a
double face which can be moved down on to the lower seat, or up to the upper one,
so causing the water to either flow into the vessel a; or, stopping it from entering a,
and causing it to pass through pl, rl, and r, and away. The dotted lines on the valve
in the figure indicate that the flanges of the valves can be placed at either side
thereof in lieu of in the position shewn in full lines.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
"
1. The herein described improvement in filters for filtering "feed-water
or like
liquid, consisting of a casing; an annular chamber or container in which the
filtering material is held within it, and having an annular water space provided
outside it; a removable cover or door to said casing, by which, when removed, the
filtering material container can be withdrawn and introduced; and inlet and outlet
passages for the impure and purified water; the flow of water through the material
being in a direction at right angles to the axis of the said annular container:
operating substantially as set forth.
2. In, or for, filters for filtering "feed-water," or like liquid, an annular container
or chamber, substantially as described, comprising outer and inner walls of
perforated metal, such as described, and having within it the filtering medium, and

page_text: constructed and adapted, for the purposes described, to constitute a removable
container, holding the filtering material.
3. The container or chamber for holding the filtering medium, consisting of the
concentric walls, forming the annular chamber, enclosing plates or parts at its ends,
and a face at one end adapted to fit upon a seat in the filter casing, and held thereon
by a screw; as set forth with reference to and shewn in Figure 1 of the
drawings.
4. The "feed-water" filter having its parts constructed, combined, and operating
particularly as herein set forth with reference to and as shewn in Figure 1, and
Figure 2, respectively, of the drawings.
Dated this 21th der of Max 1805
CHEESBROUGH & ROYSTON,
15 Water Street, Liverpool, Applicant's Patent Agents.