AN IMPROVEMENT IN BLEACHING OILS, FATS, AND RESIN
Year: 1855

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Score, of Bristol, for the Invention of "AN
IMPROVEMENT IN BLEACHING OILS, FATS, AND RESIN."
Sealed the 28th August 1855, and dated the 12th March 1855.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Score at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
12th March 1855.
I, WILLIAM SCORE, of Bristol, do hereby declare the nature of the
Invention for "AN IMPROVEMENT IN BLEACHING OILS, FATS, AND RESIN," to be
as follows:
This Invention has for its object the acting by bleaching agents on oils, fats,
and resin, when in a highly divided state; and the Invention consists of
causing oils, fats, and resin, when in a heated state, to be thrown by centrifugal
action through fine wire gauze or other suitable surface into a bleaching
atmosphere contained in an enclosed chamber; and it is preferred that the
chamber should be made capable of being well lighted in the daytime by
having a cover of glass.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said William Score in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
11th September 1855.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
SCORE, of Bristol, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twelfth day of March, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-five; in the eighteenth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said William Score, Her special licence that I, the said William Score, my
executors, adininistrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said William
Score, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the
term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "AN IMPROVEMENT IN BLEACHING
OILS, FATS, AND RESIN," upon the condition. (amongst others) that I, the said
William Score, by an instrument in writing under my hand and seal,
should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention,
and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be
filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said William Score, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed,
to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement
thereof (that is to say):-
This Invention has for its object the acting by bleaching agents on oils, fats,
and resin, when in a highly divided state; and the Invention consists of
causing oils, fats, and resin when in a heated state to be thrown by centrifugal
action through fine wire gauze or other suitable surface into a bleaching
atmosphere contained in an enclosed chamber; and it is preferred that the
chamber should be made capable of being well lighted in the daytime by
having a cover of glass.
Having thus stated the nature of my said Invention, I will proceed more
fully to describe the manner of performing the same.
The arrangement of the apparatus employed in carrying out my Invention
may be varied, but the following will, I believe, be found the most convenient
for the purpose. A circular cistern or chamber is employed, which is preferred

page_text: to be of metal, and clothed with wood or otherwise, to prevent radiation.of-heat.
The size of this, cistern may be varied; but about twelve, feet diameter. and
two feet deep is a convenient size; and it is not essential that this cistern or
chamber should be .circular, but it is, preferred to be so.. ¡In the centre of this
cistern.or.chamber, is a vertical axis, carrying a cylinder of about eight inches
diameter, the circumference of which is of fine wire cloth or finely perforated
metal...This. cylinder, is similar to ordinary, centrifugal machines used for other
purposes. The upper part of the cistern or bleaching chamber, except where
the cylinder, revolves, is, covered with glass. To the lower part of the cistern
or chamber is a cock for drawing, off the oil, fat, or resin, into a small vessel
from which the fluid is pumped into an upper reservoir or vessel heated by
steam in a surrounding jacket, or in pipes, as is well understood, to keep the
oils, fat, or resin heated and fluid. From the upper reservoir or vessel the
fluid is run by a pipe (regulated by a cock) into the circular cistern or chamber.
At the bottom of this cistern or chamber heated air, at a temperature of about
220° to 240 of Fahrenheit is introduced by pipes, having covers to prevent
the fluid, oil, fat, or resin getting into them. There is..also a pipe or. pipes
to introduce steam of about 212° of Fahrenheit.
If desired, chlorine or
bleaching gas, may be introduced, but I have found that by simply using steam
and heated air very satisfactory results are obtained. On all these pipes cocks
or valves are used to regulate the supply. A quick rotatory motion is given
to the axis of the cylinder, by which the fluid, oil, fat, or resin is by
centrifugal force thrown into the circular cistern or chamber, in a very minutely
divided state, and in such manner as to present the largest possible extent of
surface to the bleaching atmosphere which is within the circular cistern or
chamber, by which the process of bleaching will be facilitated.
On the upper
part of the circular cistern or chamber is an outlet into a chimney for the
passage out of the atmosphere from within the circular cistern or chamber,
such outgoing being regulated by a valve or slide. When the smell of the oil
or fats is offensive, it is desirable that the outlet, in place of going directly into
the outer atmosphere, should communicate with the closed ash-pit of a fire, so
that the offensive smell of the air and vapours derived from the fats or oils may
in passing through the fire be destroyed. There is no rule which can be given
for regulating the quantities of steam and heated air admitted into the circular
cistern or chamber. A workman, however, by practice and by carefully
observing the progress of the bleaching, as the oil, fat, or resin flows out of the
bleaching chamber, will quickly be enabled to ascertain when he is admitting
the quantities which, act most favorably in bleaching particular classes of oils,
fats, and resins.

page_text: Having thus described the nature of my Invention, and the best forms and
arrangement of apparatus I am acquainted with for carrying the same into
practice, I would have it understood that I do not claim any parts of the
apparatus separately; nor do I confine myself to the details described; but
what I claim is, the combining apparatus in such manner that oils, fats, and
resins may be thrown, in a state of very minute subdivision, by centrifugal
apparatus into a bleaching atmosphere contained in a suitable cistern or
chamber, as herein described.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Score, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Tenth day of September, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-five.
Witness,
FREDERICK BOUCHER,
No. 2, Pennywell Road, Bristol.
WILLIAM SCORE. (L.S.)