IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING AND CUTTING ASUNDER DOUBLE (PILED) CLOTHS, AND A MACHINE FOR WINDING WEFT TO BE USED THEREIN
Year: 1841

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, FREDERICK
STEINER, of Hyndburn Cottage, near Accrington, in the County of Lancaster,
Turkey Red Dyer, send greeting.
WHEREAS, in consequence of a communication made to me by à cer-
tain Foreigner residing abroad, I am in possession of an Invention, being
"IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING AND CUTTING ASUNDER DOUBLE (PILED)
CLOTHS, AND A MACHINE FOR WINDING WEFT TO BE USED THEREIN ;" and
whereas Her present most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date at Westminster;
the Nineteenth day of January, in the fourth year of Her reign, did, for Her-
self, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said Frederick
Steiner, my exors, adiñors, and assigns, Her especial licence that I, the
said Frederick Steiner, my exors, adiñiors, and assigns, or such others as I,
the said Frederick Steiner, my exors, admors, or assigns, should at any
time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times during the
term of years therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and veud, within England, Wales, and the Town of Berwick-upon-
Tweed, the said Iuvention; in which said Letters Patent is contained a proviso
obliging me, the said Frederick Steiner, by an instrument in writing, under
Paine Rd7

page_text: my hand and seal, particularly to describe and ascertain the nature of the
said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, and to cause
the same to be inrolled in Her said Majesty's High Court of Chancery
within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said
recited Letters Patent, as in and by the same Letters Patent, reference being 5
thereunto had, will more fully and at large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
Frederick Steiner, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention (so far
as respects the said improvements) to consist as follows:-
First, in forming the tappet of a series of revolving wheels, each of which I
wheels, being moved along its axis by levers arranged for the purpose, acts
upon several trendles successively, whereby the ground is woven, and of an
eccentric plate, by which the pile is elevated and depressed, so as to be woven
into each cloth alternately.
Secondly, in a mode of applying a vibrating roller by which the yarn to 1
form the pile is kept at a uniform degree of tension.
Thirdly, in an improved guage for keeping the cloths (united by their
common pile) at an equal distance from each other, and thereby regulating the
quantity of pile yarn taken up by the blow of the reed.
Fourthly, in moveable shuttle boxes, so arranged as to weave both the 2
cloths with one and the same shuttle passing through two separate sheds.
Fifthly, in an improved knife and traversing apparatus, by which the knife
is made to cut asunder the pile uniting the two cloths, and in an apparatus for
sharpening the knife during the operation of weaving.
And I do hereby also declare that the nature of the said Invention (so far 2
-as respects the winding machine) consists of a machine for winding weft, or
other thread to be used as weft, in the said looms on a fixed conical bobbin by
a hollow revolving and traversing spindle and fly, which wind the weft round
the bobbin in a conical form, and which increase their speed in proportion as
the diameter of the cone diminishes, and decrease their speed in proportion 3
as its diameter increases, whereby the weft wound nearest to the centre or
axis of the bobbin is more solid than when wound in the usual manner, and
whereby when two or more threads of weft are wound on the same bobbin
they afterwards leave the bobbin parallel to each other. And in further
compliance with the said proviso, I, the said Frederick Steiner, do hereby 3
.describe the manner in which the said Invention is to be performed by the
following statement thereof, reference being had to the Drawings hereto
annexed, and to the figures and letters marked thereon (similar letters and
figures of reference being used to denote similar parts in all the Drawings),

page_text: As to my said improvements, Figure 1 is a front view of an ordinary power
loom without the cloth and cloth beam, aud with certain of my improvements
therein coloured. Figure 2 is an end view or separate representation of the
tappet as fastened in a frame attached to the loom. Figure 3 is a side view
of the loom in which the tappet, the treadles, and their connection with the
headles particularly appear. Figure 4 is a section of the loom, as shewn in
Figure 1, with such parts (coloured yellow) of my said improvements as
elevate and depress the shuttle boxes. Figure 5 shews the tappet arm and
a stud and groove on a larger scale than the same are exhibited in Figure 2.
Figure 6 represents a cam, which by acting against a lever gives the traverse
motion to the knife in a right line from one selvage of the cloth to the other
whilst it is cutting the pile. Figure 8 represents a side elevation, Figure 9.
a front elevation, and Figure 10 a plan, of a cutting apparatus and sharpening
apparatus on a larger scale than in Figure 4.
In Figure 2, A represents the crank shaft of the loom, and B¹ the pinion
keyed upon it, and which gives motion to the tappet wheel C. The wheel C
is furnished on one side with three wheels D, D, D, and a wheel D', which
are best seen in Figure 3. By two revolutions of the wheel C, the three
wheels D, D, D, elevate the treadles F, F, F, F, which are connected by cords
to the under part of the headles, so as to form the bottom part of the shed,
and the springs 6 form the upper part of the shed by keeping up such of the
headles as are not acted upon by the wheels D, D, D). A similar action of
the wheels D, D, D, takes place upon the treadles G, G, G, G, whereby the
headles J, J, J, J, of the top cloth are raised to form the upper part of the
shed, whilst the springs 7, united to the bottom part of the headles J, J, J, J,
by drawing them down, form the under part of the shed. The wheel D¹ is
not employed to form the pattern, but is used to open alternately the shed of
the cloth from which the pile is passing into the other cloth, in order to keep
both cloths at an equal degree of tension, and to place and secure the pile in
a perpendicular position. Four studs 1, serving as axes, are fixed upon the
wheel C, and are of such a length as to allow the wheels D, which turn upon
them with their collars attached, to move freely from or towards the wheel C,
according to the treadle they have to act against. Four other studs 2 are fixed
upon the wheel C, to which four levers d, d, d, d, are jointed at or near their
centres. Each of these levers has at one end a moveable key or stud 3,

page_text: working into the crossed groove E, and at the other end a fork embracing the
collar of one of the wheels D. The grooved stud E does not revolve, but is
fixed upon the side of the tappet frame, so that when the wheel C revolves the
forked levers guide the wheels Dalong their respective studs to act sometimes
on one treadle and sometimes on another. The pile warp which is dis-
tinguished by being coloured red, passes through the headles k, k; these
headles are attached at the top and the bottom to the treadle by means of
cords and pullies. When the tappet plate L, which is fixed on the wheel C,
revolves, it elevates and depresses the pile so as to pass it into each cloth alter-
nately, there to be bound by such a number of picks of the weft as the kind of
cloth may require; the pile warp (coloured red) in its passage from the pile
beam M to the double cloth goes over the stationary roller M, and under the
vibrating roller m. This roller m is fixed upon the cranked lever M", which is
centered at the point 9; and suspended fromthe opposite end of the lever are
a spring 10, and weight, which, by their joint action upon the lever, press the
rollermagainst the pile warp so as to cause a uniform degree of tension of the
pile warp during the revolution of the loom. The warp beam N has friction
given to it by the springs O and o, attached to a rope which goes round it. On
the passage of the ground warp from the warp beam N, and over the con-
ducting roller N¹ to the double cloth, the warp of the top or upper cloth passes
over the rollern, and that of the bottom or under cloth under the roller ni.
These rollers n and n¹ are placed at such a distance from each other that n
forces the upper cloth against the top rule P, and n¹ forces the under cloth
against the bottom rule P, in order to aid the rules P, P, in keeping those
cloths at an equal distance from each other, and thereby taking up the
requisite length of the pile. The levers p, p, on the top of which the rules
P, P, are fixed, are centered at 12, and each lever at its lower end is attached
by a strap 14 to the lower part of the lathe swords; so that when the lathe
retires, after beating up the weft, the strap 14 draws back the rules P, P, so
as to allow the workman to see that the weaving is proceeding correctly, and
when the lathe advances to beat up the weft the spring 13 forces the rules
P,P,against the reed. Y, Y, are two moveable shuttle boxes, one on each side
of the lathe. These boxes are hinged at the point 7 (Figure 3). The two
levers Y¹, Y¹, are each at their upper end attached to the under side of one of
the shuttle boxes, and at the lower end they are forked so as to embrace two
eccentrics 25, which are fixed one on each side of the shaft 26. This shaft is
attached to the lathe swords, and has a pulley keyed to it 44, round which and
round the guiding pulleya a strap 29 is passed, one end of which strap is
attached to the upper side, and the other to the underside of the lever Z. This

page_text: lever is centered at the point 36. When the cam Z upon the tappet shaft
revolves, it raises the two shuttle boxes when and as required, in order that the
shuttle may pass through the shed of the upper cloth, and lowers them when
and as required, in order that the same shuttle may pass through the shed of
the under cloth.
In Figures 4 and 8, which latter Figure is drawn to a larger scale, Q, Q,
represent two polished iron beams, through which the double cloth is passed.
In the same Figures, R represents another polished iron beam, upon which the
cutting apparatus and sharpening apparatus traverse from side to side.
In Figures 8, 9, and 10, W represents the frame which traverses with the
cutting apparatus attached to it. V is a vibrating spindle working in the
frame W. Upon the spindle V is a frame S¹¹, which supports the spindle
upon which the circular knife S and its driving pulley S1 are placed. V¹ is a
lever attached to the spindle V for the purpose of driving the cutting apparatus
from side to side by means of the cord v. S' is a cord which passes round the
pulley S', and is fixed at each end to the opposite side of the loom, so that,
when the cutting apparatus is made to traverse, the pulley S' makes the kuife
revolve. Uisa forked arm fixed upon the vibrating spindle 37, and one part of
which goes over and the other under the knife. A small piece of wash leather
saturated with oil is attached to each of these pieces for the purpose of cleaning
the hones or sharpening stones T, T, and furnishing to them the requisite
quantity of oil. There is an inclined lever V, which drives the fork U sothat
when the cuttingapparatus is traversing from the left to the right-hand side
of the loom the leather upon the fork U is forced against the two hones or
sharpening stones, and opens thein in such a manner that they do not touch
the knife, but as the cutting apparatus traverses from the right to the left-hand
side of the loom the spring V" forces back the fork U,and thereby allows the
two hones or sharpening stones to act against the edge of the knife. T, T,
represent the two hones or sharpening stones fixed upon the steel springs t, t.
In Figure 9 these two sharpening stones are exhibited, one passing against the
top side of the knife and the other against the bottom side of the knife. The
steel spring attached to the stone which is pressing against the bottom side of
the knife passes over, and is attached to the segment of a circle T¹, and under
the stud t. This stud t¹, by pressing the steel spring against the segment T',
gives the requisite pressure and direction of the stone against the knife. The
steel spring attached to the sharpening stone which is pressing against
the top side of the knife passes under and is attached to the segment of
a circle T, and over the stud t, and in a similar manner, and for a similar
purpose as the foregoing spring. The two segments T¹, T, are fixed upon

page_text: a shaft which works through the tube 16. Upon the opposite end of
the shaft is a crank 38, united by a connecting rod 17 to the revolving
pully 20. 21 is a cord which passes round this pulley, and is fastened at
each end to the opposite sides of the loom. When the cutting apparatus is
made to traverse from the left to the right-hand side of the loom, this cord, by
turning the pulley 20,and by the action of the attached connecting rods, cranks,
shaft, and segments, rubs the two sharpening stones against the leathers on
the forked arm U, so as to clean and oil them; and when the cutting appa-
ratus is made to traverse from the right to the left-hand side of the loom, this
pulley, by its action upon the rods, cranks, shaft, and segments, rubs the two
sharpening stones against the knife, so as to keep it sharp whilst cutting
the pile.
Figure 6 represents a cam X, which is fixed upon the tappet shaft. This
cam is made to act upon the lever W11, which is centered at 23. At the
other end of the lever the cord is attached, and passes over two guiding
pullies W¹.
When the lever W11 is pressed down by the cam X, it draws the
cutting apparatus from the left to the right-hand side of the loom, and at the
same time, by means of the cranked lever V', it withdraws the knife so far
from the cloth as to prevent it cutting the pile when drawn in that direction.
u, u, represent a spring united to the lever U. This lever is centered at one
end, at the point 39, and at the other it is attached to the cord v. After the
cam X has pressed the lever W! as low as is required, the spring u, u, and
the lever U¹, draw the cutting apparatus from the right to the left-hand side
of the loom, and at the same time the lever V₁ forces the knife between the
two beams Q, Q, whereby the pile uniting the double cloth is cut asunder.
I have herein-before and in the said Drawings described an improved knife
with a sharpening apparatus traversing therewith. Knives of various other
shapes and constructions may be used to cut asunder double (piled) cloths.
And it will be obvious that the apparatus for sharpening the knife to be used
for that purpose (whether my said improved knife, or any other suitable knife),
during the operation of weaving, may be a stationary instead of being a
traversing apparatus. The author of the said Invention has used knives of
various shapes and constructions for the purpose of cutting asunder double
(piled) cloths, and in some of those cases the apparatus for keeping the same
sharp during the operation of weaving was fixed at one end of the iron beam R.
The sort of knife best to be used will depend in some measure ou the descrip-
tion of double (piled) cloth to be woven. The cutting and sharpening apparatus
herein-before described have, however, been found to be the best adapted for
the respective purposes for which they have been designed, so far as respects

page_text: most descriptions of cloth; and it is considered unnecessary to particularize or
describe any other cutting orsbarpening apparatus, inasmuch as any workman
of ordinary skill in such class or description of work will be able to make such
modifications of the said Invention (so far as respects the cutting or sharpening
apparatus) as may be requisite or desirable for different descriptions of cloth.
Each piece of cloth, after being cut asunder from the other in the manner
before described, passes over a roller furnished with pins, which penetrate the
backs of the cloths to prevent their slipping. These rollers I and I¹ are of
equal diameter, and are turned by two large corresponding pinions 31, in tooth
with each other, and fixed one on the end of each beam, for the purpose of
taking up the two cloths at the same speed. Over the roller I is an iron
cover j, for protecting and separating the work, and behind the roller I' is a
roller or bar j¹. The cover aud the small roller; serve to guide the two
pieces, after they have left their respective pin rollers, into a box placed in the
floor to receive them. 30 is a piece of wood placed over the top cloth to
protect it from injury.
As to my said winding machine, Figure 11 represents a side elevation of part
of the winding machine. Figure 12 represents a side elevation of the whole
machine. Figure 13 represents a plan of the same machine. A is a hollow
spindle with a collar a. To this spindle are attached a fly E,and a friction driving
pulley C. B is an inclined spindle, on which are fixed the driving cone D,
and the warve T. J is a vibrating frame, on which the bobbins to receive the
weft are fixed. F represents a fixed bobbin; K is also a vibrating frame
centered below, which carries-the forks / to support and traverse the spindle A
at and by the collar a. N is a shaft with a worm O at one end, working into
the pinion P. The pinion P has a circular opening through its centre from
side to side, into which opening a stud projects, for the purpose of entering
into the straight groove of and turning the circular shaft Q. This shaft Q
has a straight groove cut in it at one end, and a screw at the other. fis a
steel spring pressing a female screw upon the screwed end of the shaft Q, so
that when this shaft has motion imparted to it by the pinion P, it traverses
and pushes back the frame J, in order that the weft may be equally distributed
on the fixed bobbin. When empty bobbins are afterwards fixed on the frame
J, the spring with its screw attached, has to be lifted off the shaft Q in
order that the shaft may be passed back through the pinion to allow the
trame J, by means of the spring i to pass the empty bobbins so far between
the fly of the spindle that the winding may begin at the foot of the bobbin..
The frame K is made to traverse backwards and forwards by means of the
spring, and the heart-motion M on the shaft N. The weft as it is wound

page_text: round the bobbin forms a series of cones, each successive cone overlapping the
one which preceded it. The base of the first cone of weft is wound round
the conical foot of the fixed bobbin F by the fly E. When the fly E is in
this position, the pulley C is on the narrow end of the driving cone D, and the
spindle A is consequently revolving slowly, but during the passage of the
pulley C to the broadest end of the driving cone D, the spindle A gradually
increases its speed and deposits the weft round the bobbin from the base of
the first cone or weft to the narrowest part of that cone. As the fixed bobbin
is constantly retiring during the process of winding, and the spindle and fly
are constantly moving backwards and forwards through the same space, it is
obvious that the bobbin will be filled with weft in the manner described. eis
a weight to add friction to the pulley C. H is a large bobbin, from which
weft to be wound by the machine is passed over the glass rod h, through
the hollow spindle A, and through the fly E on to the bobbin F.
Having now described the nature of the said Invention, and the manner
in which the same is to be performed, I hereby claim the following improve.
ments in looms for weaving and cutting asunder double (piled) cloths,
namely,
First, the tappet wheel C, with its sliding or traversing tappets and cross
grooved stud E, herein-before described, and the arrangement of the eccentric
L to act in correspondence therewith.
Secondly, the application of the vibrating roller m to keep the pile at an
uniform degree of tension, as herein-before described.
Thirdly, the improved arrangement of guage rods P, P, herein-before
described.
Fourthly, the moveable rising and falling shuttle boxes, so arranged that,
in weaving double (piled) cloths, both the cloths can be woven with one and
the same shuttle passing successively through the sheds of the two separate
warps.
*Fifthly, the improved circular revolving knife, with its traversing apparatus
herein-before described; and the sharpening, during the operation of weaving,
of the kuife to be used for cutting asunder the pile bya traversing or stationary
sharpening apparatus as herein-before mentioned or described.
And lastly, I hereby also claim the improved winding machine herein-before
described; and such Invention being, to the best of my knowledge and belief,
entirely new, and never before used within that part of Her said Majesty's
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland called England, Her Dominion
of Wales, or the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, I do hereby declare this to be
my Specification of the same, and that I do verily believe this: my said Speci