matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR PAYING OUT AND DRAWING IN ELECTRIC TELEGRAPH CABLES, APPLICABLE ALSO TO THE RAISING AND LOWERING OF WEIGHTS
Year: 1858

page_text: www
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Benjamin Beale at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 4th February
1858..
I, BENJAMIN BEALE, of Greenwich, in the County of Kent, Engineer, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
APPARATUS FOR PAYING OUT AND DRAWING IN ELECTRIC TELEGRAPH CABLES,
APPLICABLE ALSO TO THE RAISING AND LOWERING OF WEIGHTS," to be as
follows:-
My Invention consists in the combination of a drum with a cylinder and
piston, with connecting rod and the usual valves used in steam engine
cylinders. The operation of this apparatus is herein-after described. The
drum may be used as the paying-out agent, or it may be applied and act by
friction upon one or between two other paying-out drums. When paying out
the apparatus works simply as a break, but when desired to draw in or draw
back the cable it then acts as a motive-power engine, and works in the reverse
direction to that it travelled in when driven by the friction of the cable.
I will describe one mode of carrying out the said Invention. Suppose one
or more, by preference three, reciprocating noncondensing engines connected
to the shaft of any of the paying-out machines; the running out of the cable
will set these engines to work, acting as pumps, forcing and drawing air or

page_text: other fluid through the induction and eduction pipes. These pipes are fitted
with suitable stop, vacuum, and escape valves, and the first being closed, and
the vacuum and escape valves being fitted with levers and spring balances, it
follows that by the adjustment of such balances the pressure on both sides of
the pistons may be varied, and a greater or less strain thrown upon the cable,
as circumstances may require. Any of the ordinary pressure gauges may be
used in conjunction with the spring balances to indicate the pressure above
or below that of the atmosphere on either side of the pistons. The total
retardation, inclusive of the friction of the machinery, could be ascertained by
passing the cable over a pulley connected to an ordinary dynamometer. To
draw in the cable, if necessary, steam from a boiler, kept in readiness, must
be admitted through the stop valve on the pipe which was the eduction during
the paying out, and upon opening the stop valve on the pipe which was the
induction, and letting the exhaust steam into the atmosphere, the engines
and paying-out machinery are reversed, and consequently the cable is
drawn in.
The Invention is applicable to all paying-out machines having one or more
revolving shafts, also for raising and lowering weights, and more particularly
ships' cables and anchors.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR PREVENTING SMOKE, APPLICABLE TO TUBULAR BOILERS
Year: 1858

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Gowing and Henry Bull
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on
the 3rd March 1858.
We, JAMES GOWING, of Poplar, in the County of Middlesex, Engineer,
and HENRY BULL, of Greenwich, in the County of Kent, Engineer, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR
PREVENTING SMOKE, APPLICABLE TO TUBULAR BOILERS," to be as follows:-
Our Invention consists, in the first place, in adapting and applying to tubular
boilers an arrangement of apparatus, by means of which air is made to pass,
either under pressure or otherwise, into a vertical pipe or channel at the hinder
end of the tubes, and issue from a series of perforated horizontal pipes con-
nected therewith, such horizontal pipes extending on each side from the central
vertical pipe or channel in lines between the several rows of tubes, and at
right angles thereto. By this means the air issuing through the perforations
in the said horizontal pipes will be directed on to the flame (above the line of
the flame bed or furnace bars) immediately before it enters the tubes.
The mode of supplying the air to the said vertical pipe may be varied, but we
propose to supply it by means of a similar vertical pipe fixed in the front
smoke box or at the front ends of the tubes communicating, when the air is
supplied under pressure with the blast pipe at the front of the smoke box, and
with the vertical pipe at the hinder end of the tubes; but when the air is

page_text: supplied at a natural pressure it enters by the same pipe, the connection with
the blast being cut off.
And our Invention consists, in the second place, in substituting for the
vertical pipe or channel, and the perforated horizontal pipes in the back smoke
box, a chamber at the top of this smoke box, and vertical perforated pipes
extending downwards therefrom and arranged between each row of tubes.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE MANUFACTURE OF METAL MOULDS FOR MOULDING PLASTIC SUBSTANCES
Year: 1858

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Cowdery Martin at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 23rd
October 1858.
I, JOHN COWDERY MARTIN, of Fern Cottage, Charlewood Road, Putney,
in the County of Surrey, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE MANUFACTURE OF METAL MOULDS
FOR MOULDING PLASTIC SUBSTANCES," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in making moulds composed of electrotype copper
strengthened by the addition of other metal, to render them sufficiently strong
to bear the necessary pressure for producing the moulded article. The surface
of the mould, or that part which gives form to the article moulded, is to be of
copper, deposited, by means of the electrotype process, on a model of wax,
plaster of Paris, gutta percha, or other suitable material. The thin copper
surface so deposited is then placed in an iron case or bed of suitable strength
to bear pressure, leaving a space between the iron bed and the copper of
about a quarter or three-eighths of an inch. A readily füsible metal or alloy,
as type metal, tin, and lead, or zinc (I prefer type metal), is then poured
between the two, the iron case or bed being previously heated to allow the
metal to flow readily between it and the copper surface, ridges or grooves
being formed in the iron to hold the whole securely together; but previous to
pouring, the surface of the copper next to the iron is to be tinned to enable
the metal poured against it to adhere; or the copper surface previously tinned
may be imbedded in zinc or other readily fusible metal or alloy; but I prefer
to use such metal or alloy with the iron case or bed, as above.
AN UNIVERSAL MERIDIAN APPLICABLE TO MATHEMATICAL, GEOMETRICAL, AND PRECISE INSTRUMENTS
Year: 1858

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Santini Fattorini at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 30th June
1858.
I, SANTINI FATTORINI, of Milan, (Italia,) Optician, residing in Rue Jean
Goujon, No. 2, in the City of Paris, France, at Mr. Atlee's, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN UNIVERSAL MERIDIAN
APPLICABLE TO MATHEMATICAL, GEOMETRICAL, AND PRECISE INSTRUMENTS,"
as follows:-
to be
This Invention consists of a division of the circumference into 384°
instead of 360°, as it has been hitherto divided, and in the application of the
said division to any quadrant, pendulum, chronometer, compass, protractor,
or any other instrument of precision used in mathematical, geometrical,
astronomical, nautical, or other operations or calculations for measuring time
and distance, &c.
The instrument made on the principle as a protractor, for instance, which I
mention as a better means of illustrating my said Invention, shall be divided
on its semicircular shape into 192°, and also in its vertical and longitudinal
surfaces by a number of degrees giving the radius or diameter of the whole
circumference.
SMOKE CONSUMING BY MEANS OF A RECIPROCATING OR REVERSING FIRE
Year: 1858

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Ford and William Ford
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on
the 24th September 1858.
We, ROBERT FORD and WILLIAM FORD, Gas Engineers, of Number Four,
Nelson Street, Perth, Scotland, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "SMOKE CONSUMING BY MEANS OF A RECIPROCATING OR REVERSING
FIRE," to be as follows, viz. :-
The furnace or fire-place under boilers used for generating steam or heating
water or other boilers is divided into two compartments by means of a division
wall or partition. This partition being placed on a level with the grate or
bars of the furnace, reaching up to and touching the bottom surface of the
boiler. In this partition a passage or opening is left to allow the smoke to
pass from one compartment to the other; the passage left as above being
close to the front of the furnace at the back of the furnace door, and the
lower surface thereof to be on a level with the bars. The size of the opening
or passage not to exceed more than one-third of the area contained in the flue
leading from the furnace to the stalk. Each compartment is furnished with
a separate furnace door and damper at the back end of grates or furnaces. (If
not practicable to place the dampers at back end of grates, they can be
applied at the extremity of the boiler.) At the opening left in the partition
or division wall provision is made for the admission of atmospheric air from
below, by means of small bars or a perforated plate. The supply of air is
regulated by a shutter or door underneath. The furnaces or compartments

page_text: are charged alternately, and the damper in connexion with the chamber into
which the fresh or green coal is introduced is shut down, thereby preventing
the escape of smoke to the chimney. The smoke or gases emitted or
generated from the fresh or green coal are retarded on the way into the other
fire-place by the size of the opening in the division wall, and from confinement
to an extent in the furnace attain the necessary temperature, which compels
the gases to unite, and gradually lessens the bulk of the smoke, which, as it
now moves thro' the opening in the partition, is mixed with a quantity of
atmospheric air, when it ignites and passes over the other fire, burning with
great rapidity, and yields a large extent of heating power. The consuming of
the smoke is thereby completely obtained.
By the above mode of charging & regulating the furnace dampers, con-
siderable saving of fuel, and the lessening of labour attendant, is attained.
In furnaces constructed on the old system with a brick partition or wall
built for dividing the furnace and flues, the saving will average from ten to
twenty per cent. Where boilers are constructed with the division forming
part of the boilers themselves, or in boilers where two tubes exist, and the fire-
grates within the tubes, with the necessary opening or passage between the
fires, the saving will average from twenty to thirty per cent. This Invention
is applicable to the most of furnaces.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CALCULATING MACHINES
Year: 1858

page_text: by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Leon Cunq at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 21st July 1858.
I, LEON CUNQ, of Bordeaux, (France,) do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN CALCULATING MACHINES," to be as
follows:-
The Invention consists in a new construction of the well-known calculating
rule, and has more particularly in view the application of the instrument to
the rapid calculation of the quantity of liquid running in a certain length of
time through an orifice of given diameter under a given pressure. The
instrument is based on the same construction as the well-known straight
logarithmic calculating rule, but with its divisions instead of straight lines on
four concentric circles, one of which is fixed and the three others moveable
round the first one, the fixed circle and two of the other ones being divided in
such manner as to have the same intervals corresponding with the same
central angles, and to have these divisions in logarithmic proportions with the
length of the periphery; the scales of the two just mentioned moveable
circles being further divided in opposite directions to the scale of the fixed
circle. The periphery of the third moveable circle is provided with two scales
following each other, the unit being the half of the periphery. By the com-
bination of these four circles, according to certain algebraical rules, the
quantity of water or other liquid passing in a given length of time through an
aperture of a given size, and under a given pressure, inay be found with the
utmost facility with this instrument.
A NEW OR IMPROVED OYSTER HOLDER
Year: 1858

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the. Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Christophe Adrien Thiry at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 7th
January 1858.
I, CHRISTOPHE ADRIEN THIRY, of Paris, in the Empire of France, Merchant,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "A NEW OR IMPROVED
OYSTER HOLDER," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to an oyster stand or holder, which is intended to hold
each oyster separate, so that they may not be upset or dirtied by each other,
and so that they can be placed and taken conveniently. The oyster holder
also forms a dish suited for service on table. It is composed of a series of
circular supports placed in stages on a central stem. These stages are made
of wire, bent in a form suitable to support all the shells.
is surmounted with a handle, in order to facilitate its use.
size, and metal, and may be ornamented in any manner.
The annexed Drawing represents a view of the improved oyster holder or
stand.
The oyster holder
It is of any form,
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE TREATMENT OF PEAT, AND IN PREPARING THE SAME FOR FUEL
Year: 1858

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Pierre Mercier at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 7th July
1858.
I, PIERRE MERCIER, Manufacturer, of Paris, in the French Empire, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
TREATMENT OF PEAT, AND IN PREPARING THE SAME FOR FUEL," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to a system or mode of treating and preparing peat,.
so as to render it more serviceable as a fuel. According to this Invention
the peat is first cut from the ground by means of any convenient spade or
cutting tool, but the apparatus which I prefer to employ consists of a tool or
cutter having four cutting edges; to this tool.a descending motion is imparted,
whereby it is caused to enter the peat, and divide or separate it by its four
cutting edges, so as to enclose a cube of peat within it. Another cutter then
comes into action, and by passing along the base of the cube, severs it from
the ground, when the cutters are elevated, carrying with them the detached
cube of peat. "The apparatus may be fixed on a framing mounted on wheels,
which travel on suitable rails or trams. The peat is now to be dried, which
is effected by enclosing it in bags, baskets, or other receptacles of a pervious
nature, which are to be placed in any convenient, centrifugal machine, and the
moisture is then expelled by the action of centrifugal force. The peat is
subsequently placed in a vessel which revolves on a vertical centre or pivot,
and within which rotate a series of arms or agitators, whereby all the particles
of the peat are thoroughly well mixed and stirred up. From this machine the

page_text: peat may pass to a pair of vertical millstones, whereby it is crushed and
thoroughly pulverised. The peat having been sufficiently prepared by the
millstones is forced by the action of scrapers down a central passage into
suitable pressing and moulding machines. I prefer for this purpose to use a
cylindrical receiver fitted internally with a revolving archimedian screw, which
constantly forces out the peat through a discharge pipe at the opposite end
of the cylinder to that at which the peat enters from the mill. It is im-
portant, however, that the discharge pipe should be of a sufficient length to
ensure the compressed peat retaining the particular conformation which has
been imparted to it by the die or aperture through which it is forced by the
screw or other pressing appliances. It is also proposed to manufacture hollow
or perforated blocks of peat fuel by placing within the die or discharge pipe
one or more internal core pieces, similar to what are used in the manufacture
of drain pipes or perforated bricks, by which means an improved form of com-
bustible is obtained. After being thus pressed and moulded, the blocks or
articles are carried forward on endless travelling bands to suitable drying
stoves, heated by the waste gases from the ovens used for carbonizing the peat.
CONVERTING ALL VEGETABLE FIBRE, BY AID OF CHEMICALS, INTO FORM TO RESEMBLE HORSE- HAIR
Year: 1858

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Léon Castelain at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 22nd September
1858.
I, LEON CASTELAIN, of 53, Newman Street, Oxford Street, County of Mid-
5 dlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "CONVERTING
ALL VEGETABLE FIBRE, BY AID OF CHEMICALS, INTO FORM TO RESEMBLE HORSE-
HAIR," to be as follows:-
For converting all vegetable fibre into form to resemble (by the aid of
chemicals) horsehair, and intended for all uses where horsehair is required,
the said prepared fibre not being liable to injury by heat or damp, enduring in
its properties, and capable of being produced and sold at a price of not more
than one-third of the cost of horsehair.
That the said Invention consists in the application of the drugs and
chemicals herein mentioned to all vegetable fibre, so as to produce the form
5 and appearance of horsehair, namely, liquid chlorid, chlorid of gaz, chlorid of
lime, soda, and sulphate of iron.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CORRECTING VARIATIONS IN THE MARINERS' COMPASS FROM LOCAL ATTRACTION
Year: 1858

page_text: by the Act.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Keatinge at the Office of
the Commissioners. of Patents, with his Petition, on the 11th February
1858.
I, WILLIAM KEATINGE, of Merrion Square, Dublin, Gentleman, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN CORRECTING
VARIATIONS IN THE MARINERS' COMPASS FROM LOCAL ATTRACTION," to be as follows,
that is to say-
The Invention consists in the application of a mechanical arrangement to
the ordinary marine compass, whereby the needle is retained so as to secure
the true north. For this purpose I attach, by means of a screw or otherwise,
a small square plate of any suitable material to one end of a delicate horizontal
shaft supported by any convenient means, and connect the other end of this shaft
by means of an arrangement of universal joints, or by any other means which
will admit of the required movement, to the top of another similar but perpen-
dicular shaft, which is fixed to and acts with the brass top of the cup in the
centre of the compass card, so that when the card moves by the action of the
needle, this shaft and its appendages will revolve with it. From each side of
the little square plate, I suspend a small weighted wire in such a manner, that
they shall hang parallel to the sides of the plate when they are perpendicular.
The apparatus is balanced and the compass card kept in trim by the adaptation
of three horizontal bars at right angles to each other, and furnished with

page_text: shifting weights. The adjustment and operation of the arrangement are as
follows-The apparatus being fitted and the compass card adjusted by means
of the shifting weights, so that it shall sit on the point or pivot of the compass
box perfectly horizontal with the "fleur de lis" pointing to the true north, it
must be carefully observed that the little square plate is properly in position,
that is to say, with its top and bottom fair with the horizon, and its sides perpen-
dicular, and that the weighted wires hang parallel and free at its sides; this
being done, and the compass at liberty, the needle with its card and apparatus
remains steady in the box, and moves with the motion of the ship, as in
ordinary cases; but should the needle, by any local attraction, be drawn from
that position which on. the card indicates the true north, the square plate
moving with the card will lift either one or other of the loaded wires, so that
the one raised will be on the extremity of a greater lever than it was in its
previous position, consequently if the weights are properly calculated, it will
return to its place, and retain the needle at the given-point.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR MOULDING WASHING BLUES AND OTHER MATERIALS WHILE IN A PLASTIC STATE
Year: 1858

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Leopold Stiebel and Charles Finlay
Oliphant Glassford at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 20th October 1858.
We, LEOPOLD STIEBEL, of the City of London, Merchant, and CHARLES
FINLAY OLIPHANT GLASSFORD, of Greenwich, in the County of Kent, Chemist,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY FOR MOULDING WASHING BLUES AND OTHER MATERIALS WHILE IN A
PLASTIC STATE," to be as follows:-
Our said Invention relates to certain mechanical arrangements for manu-
facturing ultramarine, Prussian and indigo blues, and other materials, while in
a pasty or plastic state, suitable for being moulded into cakes or other forms
of a spherical or any other shape desired for such or like articles. In one
form of machines made to combine our said improvements, we effect the
moulding or shaping of the prepared pastes or other plastic materials by means
of dies formed of several pieces or parts, the lower die having a central
portion that rises after each stroke, sufficient to relieve the material from the
lower die, worked by an eccentric or crank motion. The dies while in use
are kept heated, which may be effected by ignited jets of gas. The material
is supplied to the dies, as required, by means of a cylinder having a lower
aperture, through which the material is caused to exude by the action of an
archimedian screw. The moulded material may be caused to descend, and
be dusted in a fluted channel, or both or either operations be very variously
modified.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR OBTAINING MOTIVE POWER
Year: 1858

page_text: ZLU•}
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Pierre Richard at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his l'etition, on the 16th August
1858.
I, PIERRE RICHARD, of No. 17, Rue St. Jean, Faubourg St. Germain,
Paris, Practical Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR OBTAINING MOTIVE POWER," to be as
follows:-
The Invention consists in communicating a rotary motion to a fly wheel or
drum by means of a set of falling weights tied together by means of chains,
ropes, or straps. This set of weights forming an endless chain runs over two
pulleys or rollers, suitably disposed up and down near the fly wheel, which is
provided with a set of cups, suitably shaped, and fixed around near its periphery
so as to receive the weights as they are delivered up by the upper pulley, and
to carry them down to the lower pulley, whence the same weights reascend in
a straight direction to the upper pulley. The weights of the endless chain
running or falling down in the curvilinear direction of the periphery of tho
drum are more numerous than those that are raised up in a straight line,
because the curvilinear line is longer than the straight one, and the difference
of heaviness due to the number of weights is the force which, by its action at
the end of the levers or radii of the drum, causes that drum to rotate.
The annexed Drawing, which is an illustration of the Invention, shews an
endless chain composed of 25 rounded weights or balls, 15 of which are carried

page_text: by the cups or bowls mentioned, whilst the 10 other weights are ascending
freely in a straight line, being carried upwards by the excess of weight of the
former. L, L, L, feet of the frame bearing the whole apparatus; A, A, fly
wheel or drum; P, P, pulleys or rollers, over which runs the endless chain,
composed of rounded weights B, B, B, which are tied together by strings or
straps as aforesaid. The shafts of the pulleys P, P, run on bearings fixed
upon the cross pieces N, N, of the frame; the shaft of the drum runs upon
bearings fixed upon the cross piece M of the said frame; C, C, C, cups or
bowls fixed around the drum A, A. The machine being set in motion will
keep on running to perform any work which may be applied to it; it can be
stopped by means of a brake G, acted upon by a lever D, worked by hand.
When the lever is brought at D, the brake is tight, & the drum A stops.
HOLDING AND CARRYING CARTRIDGES
Year: 1858

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION filed by the said George Gibson Bussey, at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition and Decla-
ration, on the 7th September 1858, pursuant to the 9th Section of the
Patent Law Amendment Act, 1852.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, GEORGE
GIBSON BUSSEY, of No. 12, Arthur Street, New Oxford Street, in the County
of Middlesex, Manufacturer of Leather Goods in General, send greeting.
WHEREAS I am in possession of an Invention for "HOLDING AND
CARRYING CARTRIDGES," and have petitioned Her Majesty to grant unto me,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, Her Royal Letters Patent for
the same, and have made solemn declaration that I verily believe myself to
be the true and first Inventor thereof:
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said George Gibson Bussey do hereby declare
that the following Complete Specification under my hand and seal fully describes
and ascertains the nature of my said Invention, and the manner in which the
same is to be performed, that is to say :-
This Invention consists of a spring clip, by which the cartridge is in part
encircled, and grasped in such a way as to be quite securely carried, and when
required for use can be either drawn out perpendicularly, or pulled out at the
side with the greatest ease and dispatch.
This clip is made of metal, or other material, a part of the bottom of which
is sometimes turned up in such a manner as to prevent the cartridge sliding
out should the spring become weak.

page_text: This clip can be fixed to various articles, as belts, pouches, holsters, cases,
pieces of leather, or other material, or to various parts of a person's dress, &c.
In witness whereof, I, the said George Gibson Bussey, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Seventh day of September, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-eight.
GEORGE GIBSON BUSSEY. (L.S.)
A NEW OR IMPROVED SERVICE BOX FOR WATER-CLOSETS
Year: 1858

page_text: oceed
application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act:)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Gorle at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 1st January
1858.
I, GEORGE GORLE, of Handsworth, in the County of Stafford, Plumber, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "A NEW OR IMPROVED
SERVICE BOX FOR WATER-CLOSETS," to be as follows:-
My new or improved service box for water-closets consists of a hollow
cylinder closed at top and bottom, excepting the openings or valves herein-after
described, and provided with mechanism, also herein-after described, for
operating upon the said valves. A portion of the bottom of the service
box is formed of india-rubber or other flexible material, upon which a weight
in the service box rests. The said weight is connected by a rod with a valve on
the top of the service box, the said valve opening and closing the communi-
cation between the supply pipe and the service box. A second valve is situated
on the top of the service box, the said second valve being connected with an
air vessel or float in the interior of the service box. In the bottom of the
service box is a valve, which opens and closes the communication between the
service box and the pan of the water-closet. The last-mentioned valve is so
connected with the weight herein-before described that on the said weight
being raised the said valve is closed.
The action of the several parts is as follows:-Pressure upon the seat of the

page_text: water-closet is made to raise a rod which presses against the flexible part
of the bottom of the service box; the weight in the service box is thereby
raised, the valve in the supply pipe opened, and the valve of the water-closet
pipe closed. The service box is nearly filled with water, when the float rises
and prevents the further escape of air, the further flow of water into the
service box is thereby stopped. When the pressure is removed from the seat
of the water-closet the weight in the service box falls, opening the bottom valve
and closing the valve in the supply pipe; the contents of the service box then
flow into the pan of the water-closet. The float is so connected with the valve
in the supply pipe that when the said valve is pulled down by the weight the
said float is pulled down with it and the air valve opened.
My new or improved service box may be used either with or without a
cistern.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METALLIZATION OF OBJECTS FOR THE ELECTROTYPE OR GALVANOPLASTIC PROCESS
Year: 1858

page_text: "
rovisional Protection, out notice to proceed with the
application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Davies at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 22nd March
1858. A communication from C. P. Nézeraux, of Passy, near Paris.
I, GEORGE DAVIES, of No. 1, Serle Street, Lincoln's Inn, in the County
of Middlesex, and No. 28, St. Enoch Square, in the City of Glasgow, Civil
Engineer and Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METALLIZATION OF OBJECTS FOR THE ELECTROTYPE
OR GALVANOPLASTIC PROCESS," (a communication from C. P. Nézeraux, of Passy,
near Paris), to be as follows:-
It is well known that objects of a non-metallic nature cannot be submitted
to the electrotype or galvanoplastic process without previously undergoing a
particular preparation or metallization, and this preparation should be such as
not to hide or alter in any way the form of the projections and hollows, or
other marks upon the object to be coated.
Secondly, the preparation should be such that the adherance of the metallic
coating to the surface should be perfect.
And, thirdly, the conductibility of the medium should be such, that upon
placing the object in the metallic bath in connection with the battery, the
coating should be instantaneously deposited over the whole surface.
The improved process of metallization to effect these objects is as follows:-
The object is firstly to be rendered. impermeable by a coating of drying oil,

page_text: varnish, wax, gelatine, stearine, or other suitable material which is allowed to
dry. After this operation, the parts which are to be submitted to the electro-
type or galvanoplastic process are to be coated by a very soft brush with the
following mixture:-Dissolve 50 parts of yellow amber or succinum; 12 parts
of mastic (in tears); and 12 parts of bitumen of Judæa in 50 parts of fat
oil, and clear the same by the addition of spirits of turpentine. If this mixture
is properly made, the coating should dry in about eight hours. Before this
coating is quite dry, very thin metallic foil or leaf, either of lead, tin, copper,
silver, gold, or other metal is to be applied, and caused to adhere in all parts
by means of a dabber or badger brush, and all the loose or non-adherent
particles brushed off. The object being thus perfectly coated and the coating
quite dry, is to be washed in water slightly impregnated with cyanide of
potassium, and then plunged into a cold alkaline bath composed of acetate of
copper, 5 parts; sulphate of soda, 5 parts; cyanuret of soda, 5 parts; and
carbonate of soda, one part, dissolved in 100 parts of distilled water. This
bath has the effect of covering the metallized object with a thin film, which
gives it a greater affinity for the electro-metallic coating. The object is then
connected with the battery and plunged into a bath of sulphate of copper, and
left until the metallic coating is sufficiently thick.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PAPER USED FOR LETTER- PRESS, LITHOGRAPHIC, AND COPPER-PLATE PRINTING, AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1858

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Sholl at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 21st May
1858.
I, JAMES SHOLL, of Victoria Grove West, Stoke Newington, in the County
of Middlesex, Ink Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PAPER USED FOR LETTER-
PRESS, LITHOGRAPHIC, AND COPPER-PLATE PRINTING, AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES," to
be as follows:-
My Invention of improvements in the manufacture of paper relates to the
manufacture of paper used for letter-press, lithographic, and plate printing, as
also brown or other wrapping papers, and cardboard; and which consists
in the introduction of a material into the body or on the surface of such papers,
which, in the case of printing papers, imparts weight and substance, and tends
to render them more opaque, and which also renders the impression taken
thereon more distinct. When applied to brown or other wrapping papers it
adds weight and substance, lightens and improves their colour, and also renders
the ink more legible when they are written upon. When applied to cardboard
it tends to whiten it, and offers a good surface for drawing upon, and adds
weight and substance to the cardboard:
In preparing paper according to my Invention, I take ordinary paper stuff
after it is formed into sheets, adapted for any of the purposes herein mentioned

page_text: and immerse it in whiting or fine chalk dissolved or mixed in water to a
creamy consistency; the chalk or whiting adheres to the paper, or to the size or
gluten of the paper. I immerse the paper in the mixture of chalk or whiting
for a period of two or three minutes, or other sufficient time for the purpose;
I then remove the paper from the mixture of chalk or whiting, and wash all
superfluous chalk matter from it in clean water, and afterwards dry and finish
the paper in the manner of finishing such papers in the ordinary manufacture.
Instead of applying the chalk or whiting to the paper after it is formed into
sheets, I introduce it during the previous part of the manufacture. And,
according to my Invention, I mix a quantity of the whiting or fine chalk
with the paper pulp, and then complete the manufacture of the paper in the
ordinary way. For this purpose I mix about five pounds weight of chalk or
whiting to one hundred pounds weight of pulp, or it may be in greater or
less proportion, so as to produce the desired effect. Instead of mixing the
chalk with the pulp as herein-before mentioned, I sometimes mix the whiting
or chalk first with the size or gluten used in the manufacture of paper, and
apply it to the paper material with such matter, so as to incorporate therewith
a sufficient quantity of the chalk material for the purposes required: otherwise
the manufacture of the paper is conducted in the ordinary manner.
A MACHINE FOR BREAKING STONES
Year: 1858

page_text: wwww
application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Victor François Jeanne and
Edmond Michel Germain Martin at the Office of the Commissioners of
Patents, with their Petition, on the 27th March 1858.
We, VICTOR FRANÇOIS JEANNE and EDMOND MICHEL GERMAIN MARTIN, of
Paris, (France,) and of 45, Essex Street, Strand, London, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "A MACHINE FOR BREAKING STONES," to be
as follows; and consists in a machine for breaking stones in pieces of any
size, to be used either for making concrete, for macadamizing, or any other
purpose.
This machine may be worked by hand or by any other motive power; it is
composed of several hammers disposed in a similar manner as the tilt hammers
used in forges. A block of iron or steel is placed under each hammer so as
to receive the blows. A frame is placed longitudinally and at the height required
so as to keep the stones under the hammers. One side of the said frame is
connected with the end of a table, the sides of which form a case in which the
stones to be broken are deposited. These stones descend upon an open grate
moved by means of an endless chain which takes the stones under the hammers;
the lateral movement of this chain pushes the broken stones into a shoot which
discharges them either into waggons or in any recipient.
Several chains may be employed, for instance one for every hammer; all the
moveable parts of my machines are worked mechanically.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MODE OF TREATING TANNED AND UNTANNED HIDES AND LEATHER
Year: 1858

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Wright at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 12th March 1858.-
A communication.
I, JAMES WRIGHT, of 10, Alfred Place, Newington Causeway, Southwark,
County of Surrey, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MODE OF TREATING TANNED AND UNTANNED
HIDES AND LEATHER," a communication, to be as follows:-
In treating untanned hides in order to effect the process of tanning more
completly and speedily, I propose first to subject the hides to the action of
some substance which will as much as possible dissolve the gelatine or
glutinous matter within the pores. I then subject the hide to the action of a
powerful exhauster, so as to withdraw the air and liquids out of the pores and
distend them when in this state. I introduce the tanning matter, and subject
the whole to the action of a powerful compressing pump or machine, so as to
force the liquid within the pores of the hide, which more perfectly and speedily
completes the process of tanning. In order to increase the imbibing surface
of the hide, I pass it between rollers or under a roller whose surface is studded
with small prickers, similar to the barrel of an organ; I then treat it as before
mentioned.
I propose also to treat tanned hides and leather in a similar manner, that is,
by passing them under rollers as before described; I then moisten it so as to

page_text: distend the punctures so made, and subject it to the action of the exhauster,
and force, by means of pressure, as before described, liquid india-rubber, or
gutta percha, or a compound of both, or any other gummy or resinous matter
which is insoluable in water, in order to render the hide or leather (whether
the former be tanned or not) waterproof.
AN APPARATUS FOR PREPARING MEDICAL FOMENTATIONS
Year: 1858

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed by
the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Worthy at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 7th April
1858.
I, RICHARD WORTHY, of Albert Street, Regent's Park, in the County of
Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN
APPARATUS FOR PREPARING MEDICAL FOMENTATIONS," to be as follows:-
My Invention is intended to afford a ready and more efficient means for
heating or preparing medical fomentations by the aid of steam, and consists of
an apparatus in which is arranged a boiler (heated by a spirit lamp), and also
a steam chamber communicating with the former by pipes.
The steam chamber is constructed with a double casing, the interior one
being perforated with small holes for the admission and equal distribution of
the steam throughout the chamber, so as to insure a perfect saturation of.
the flannels or other articles placed therein.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF REAPING AND MOWING MACHINES, AND IN THE FORM OR SHAPE OF THE KNIPE OR KNIVES TO BE USED IN CONNECTION THERE- WITH
Year: 1858

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William James Hixon at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 18th
May 1858.
I, WILLIAM JAMES IIIXON, of 8, Victoria Grove Terrace, Bayswater, in
the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF REAPING AND MOWING MACHINES, AND
IN THE FORM OR SHAPE OF THE KNIPE OR KNIVES TO BE USED IN CONNECTION THERE-
WITH," to be as follows:-
My improvements consist, first, in forming the bar which carries the knife
or knives of mowing and reaping machines in a bent or slightly circular form,
so as to suit the rise of the course of the land over which they have to pass,
and thus prevent the knives from being injured by coming into contact with
the centre of the "land," as is now frequently the case with machines of the
present construction where the straight knife bar is used.
Secondly, in useing circular knives, having either a rotatory or a reciprocating
motion, that is, having a continuous motion in a given direction, or a to-and-fro
motion, varied according to suit circumstances, and also to suit the size of the
knife or knives used. These knives or blades are fixed at various intervals,
according to their size, upon spindles placed in a vertical position in sockets
fixed to the before-named bent or circular bar, the spindles being free to revolve
in a given direction, or to move partly round and return again. The head or

page_text: upper end of each spindle is formed square, or of any convenient shape, which
will oblige the circular blade or knife to move with it when motion is applied
to the spindle, or the knife or blade may be keyed to the spindle in any con-
venient way which will allow it to be readily withdrawn and again replaced.
In whatever direction, therefore, the spindle is turned the knife or bladle will
be obliged to move in the same way. Securely attached to each spindle is a
wheel, lever, or pulley, worked either by a second wheel attached to suitable
gear by a chain, by a rope, or band, or any other convenient mode of giving
the necessary power for driving the blades either in one given direction or to
and fro, as before described.
Thirdly, in constructing at the back of the mowing or reaping machine a
pan or metal frame, which will lay the crops cut by the knives of the machine
(after they have fallen upon a revolving apron, and are delivered into the said
pan), in a more suitable way for easily gathering them.
Fourthly, in using the blades or knives before described, having a circular
or to-and-fro motion applied to the straight bar, as at present used in reaping
and mowing machines, the bar itself being constructed either to move with the
knives fixed upon it, or the knives being made to move in the manner hereto-
fore described, the bar itself being in that case stationary.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN MACHINERY FOR TRANSMITTING TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATIONS AND MAKING SIGNALS, APPLICABLE TO RAILWAYS AND OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1858

page_text: by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Alfred Jowett at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 22nd March
1858.
I, HENRY ALFRED JOWETT, of Sawley, in the County of Derby, Civil
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN MACHINERY FOR TRANSMITTING TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATIONS AND
MAKING SIGNALS, APPLICABLE TO RAILWAYS AND OTHER PURPOSES," to be as
follows:-
1st, I propose to transmit communications from place to place by means of
a tube or tubes of water extending from one to the other, to which tube or
tubes I attach suitable instruments for indicating the displacement of water
at either end by means of pistons or plungers in stuffing boxes working in
cylinders or other air and water-tight appliances for effecting corresponding
communications from one end of a tube to the other, the peculiar nature of
which I shall fully describe in my permanent Specification.
2dly, for effecting signals I use the same agent whether it be for revolving
lamps, ringing bells, elevating, lowering, or revolving semaphore signals, discs,
or other boards, Drawings of which, for example, I shall enrol with the said
permanent Specification; but I wish it to be distinctly understood that I do

page_text: not bind myself to the precise method or application of machinery as herein
described, but to such as shall bear out this my Provisional Specification,
upon the principle of transmitting communications and effecting signals by
bydraulics.
IM- PROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR WASHING AND MANGLING
Year: 1858

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Little at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 20th February
1858.
I, ROBERT LITTLE, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North Britain,
Ironmonger, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention of "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR WASHING AND MANGLING," to be
as follows, that is to say :-
This Invention relates to certain improvements in machinery or apparatus
for washing and mangling, which have for object increased economy and
efficiency. In a modification embodying the improvements in washing appa-
ratus, a rectangular box or tank is used. A little above the bottom of this
box there is a horizontal grating formed of rounded bars arranged transversely.
The washing mechanism consists of a rocking frame which rests on the hori-
zontal grating, and the under side of which is curved, to enable it to be rocked.
The under surface of the. rocking frame is a grating formed of rounded bars
arranged transversely like the fixed grating. The rocking frame is actuated
by means of handles projecting over one or both ends of the box.
The wearing apparel or fabric to be washed is either laid on the fixed'
grating, and then submitted to the action of the rocking frame, or it is held
upon the rocking frame so as to partake of its motion: The box is supplied
with the washing liquid up to a suitable height, and the frame is made to rock

page_text: backwards and forwards by the operator, which produces a very rapid and
efficient washing action, without in the slightest degree injuring the articles
being washed.
In the mangling apparatus, three rollers are employed as usual. The frame
is constructed so that these rollers can be easily removed without taking the
whole frame asunder. The mangling pressure is applied by means of weights, so
as to be uniform whatever may be the thickness of the mass of articles passing
between the rollers. The top roller carries a loose pulley on each spindle, and
over each pulley' a cord or chain is passed being fixed to the framing on one
side, and connected on the other to a lever arranged near the floor. It is to
the outer ends of these levers that the weights are applied. Instead of the
pulley on each of the spindles of the top roller, a lever may be centred loosely
thereon, one end of this lever being-linked to a stud fixed in the framing, and
the other to the weighted lever below.