IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1858

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Charles Parker, of Dundee, in the County of Forfar,
North Britain, Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS
FOR WEAVING."
Sealed the 29th April 1859, and dated the 25th November 1858.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Charles Parker at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 25th
November 1858.
I, CHARLES PARKER, of Dundee, in the County of Forfar, North Britain,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING," to be as follows, that is to say :-
This Invention relates to the arrangement, construction, and working of
looms of various kinds as regards what is technically known as the "take-up"
motion for winding up the cloth upon the cloth beam as it is woven.
The improved taking-up apparatus consists entirely of plain rollers, which
may be covered with woollen cloth or other elastic substance operating by a
combination of tension and frictional contact upon the woven cloth, so as to
take it up uniformly as it is produced by the weaving action. This roller
arrangement is disposed in the loom at the front or usual place of the take up,
it being preferred to use a series of three rollers working in concert. These
rollers are carried by their spindles in end bearings in the loom framing, and
they are placed one above the other, but so that a line drawn transversely
through their centres will form a considerable angle with the vertical line, say,
an angle of 45 degrees. As the woven cloth leaves the breast beam it passes

page_text: down beneath the lowest roller of the series, and round it, and then between
the upper part of that roller and the lower part of the second or intermediate
roller. From this part it passes round or over the top of the intermediate
roller, and thence between it and the top roller or cloth beam, round which it
is wound up. The gearing of the take-up motion may be of any convenient
kind, the motion from it being communicated to the bottom roller of the series,
which roller again is geared by spur pinions with the second or intermediate
roller. The third or top roller runs loose, and is driven simply by frictional
contact with the intermediate roller. Instead of three rollers, any other suitable
and convenient number may be used. This roller take-up has the effect of
taking up the cloth uniformly and regularly, without in any way injuring it.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Charles Parker in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
24th May 1859.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, CHARLES
PARKER, of Dundee, in the County of Forfar, North Britain, Engineer, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-fifth day of November, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-eight, in the twenty-second year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said Charles Parker, Her special license that I, the said Charles Parker,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said
Charles Parker, my executors, administrators, or assigns, should at any time
agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during
the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise,
and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
LOOMS FOR WEAVING," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said
Charles Parker, by an instrument in writing under my hand and seal, should
particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in
what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed
in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and imme-
diately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Charles Parker, do hereby declare the
nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-

page_text: formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement, reference being had to the accompanying Drawings, and to the
letters and figures marked thereon, that is to say:-
My said Invention relates to the arrangement, construction, and working of
looms of various kinds, as regards what is technically known as the take-up
motion for winding up the cloth upon the cloth beam as it is woven. The im-
proved taking-up apparatus consists entirely of plain rollers, which may be
covered with woollen cloth or other elastic substance, operating by a combina-
tion of tension and frictional contact upon the woven cloth so as to take it up
uniformly as it is produced by the weaving action. This roller arrangement is
disposed in the loom at the front, or usual place of the take-up, it being
preferred to use a series of three rollers working in concert. These rollers are
carried by their spindles in end bearings in the loom framing, and they are
placed one above the other, but so that a line drawn transversely through their
centres will form a considerable angle with the vertical line, say, an angle of
45 degrees. As the woven cloth leaves the breast beam it passes down
beneath the lowest roller of the series, and round it, and then between the
upper part of that roller and the lower part of the second or intermediate roller.
From this part it passes round or over the top of the intermediate roller, and
thence between it and the top roller or cloth beam, round which it is wound up.
The gearing of the take-up motion may be of any convenient kind, the motion
from it being communicated to the bottom roller of the series, which roller
again is geared by spur pinions with the second or intermediate roller. The
third or top roller runs loose, and is driven simply by frictional contact with
the intermediate roller. Instead of three rollers, any other suitable and con-
venient number may be used. This roller take-up has the effect of taking up
the cloth uniformly and regularly, without in any way injuring it.
And in order that my said Invention may be properly understood, I shall
now proceed to describe the several illustrative Figures on the explanatory
Sheet of Drawings, which I have hereunto appended for the purpose of showing
certain modifications under which my improvements may be judiciously carried
out in practice. Figure 1 on the said Sheet of Drawings is an end elevation of
a loom, partially in section, and showing one arrangement of my present im-
provements applied thereto. Figure 2 is a corresponding front view or
elevation of the loom. The framing A of the loom is of the usual kind, as is
also the arrangement of the lathe swords B, and the upper parts connected
therewith. To the lower part of the left-hand lathe sword B, there is affixed
an outwardly extending bracket C, the free extremity of which is bent at right
angles, and carries a stud which works in a slot made in the lower end of the

page_text: lever D. This lever is centred upon a stud which projects laterally from the
inner face of a bracket that is bolted on to the side standard of the loom
framing. The upper and shorter arm of the lever D has fitted to its extremity
a stud which carries the pawl E, the free, end of which falls into the teeth of
the ratchet wheel F. This wheel rotates upon the stud that carries the lever
D, and the outer extremity of the stud has fast to it the pinion G, through
which rotatory motion is imparted to the gearing of the "take-up." The pinion
G drives the wheel H, the stud of which is carried in a slot cast in a bracket
that is bolted to the middle rail of the side standard A, so that the wheel H
may be changed to vary the speed of the take-up. The wheel H has fixed on
it a shifting pinion I, which gives motion to the wheel J, that is fast to the
spindle K of the roller L. The roller L is of wood, and extends across
the loom, having at each end of it on the spindle K the wheels M. These
wheels give motion to the pinions N on the spindle O of the intermediate
roller P, which is fitted between the roller L and the cloth beam Q. The
spindles of the three rollers L, P, and Q, are carried in bearings, which
are arranged in the end standards A. The intermediate roller P is caused to
rotate somewhat faster than the roller L, by varying the pitch lines of the
wheels M and the pinions N, in relation to the diameter of the rollers; this
variation in the pitch lines is indicated by dotted lines round the sectional
figures of the rollers L and P in Figure 2 of the accompanying Drawings.
The pitch line of the wheel M is somewhat larger, say, to the extent of a tooth,
than the circumference of the roller L, whilst the pitch line of the pinion N is
as much smaller than the roller P. The two rollers L and P are arranged at
a considerable angular deviation from the cloth beam Q, that is to say, the
roller P is fitted behind, and lower down than the beam Q, so as to form an
angle of about 45 degrees therewith. The roller L being again below the
roller P, and somewhat in the rear, so that its axis is in an angular direc-
tion with the roller P, as shown in the sectional view Figure 1 on the accom-
panying Drawings. The reciprocatory motion imparted to the lathe swords B
from the crank of the loom moves the lever D to and fro, which, through the
pawl E, gives motion to the ratchet wheel F, as the cloth is woven. The
pinion G on the stud of the wheel F drives the wheel H, which through
the pinion I drives the wheel J on the spindle of the roller L. The cloth R
passes from the breast beam S, downwards beneath the roller L, thence
round the outer face and round the back of the roller P, from which point the
cloth is carried round the front of the cloth beam Q, and is wound thereon.
This arrangement of the rollers and cloth beam causes a very effective strain
to be exerted upon the web as it is woven, which straining action is in part

page_text: owing to the mode of disposing the rollers L and P in relation to the cloth
beam, and partly to the causing the roller P to rotate somewhat faster than the
lower roller L. The increase of speed of the roller P imparts a stronger drag
upon the cloth, which tensional action is, however, perfectly uniform through-
out. The cloth beam Q is driven solely by the frictional contact with the roller
P, the spindle of the beam rising up the slots of the supporting brackets as the
cloth is wound upon it. With these several modifications the effective action
of the "take-up" of the loom is greatly improved and rendered more satisfactory.
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of my said
Invention, and the manner in which the same is or may be used or carried
into effect, I may observe, in conclusion, that I do not confine or restrict
myself to the precise details or arrangements which I have had occasion to
describe or refer to, as many variations may be made therefrom without
deviating from the principles or main features of my Invention; but what
I consider to be novel and original, and therefore claim as the Invention
secured to me by the herein-before in part recited Letters Patent, is,―
First, the general arrangement and construction of looms for weaving, as
herein-before described and shown in the accompanying Drawings.
Second, the system or mode of arranging the "take-up" of looms, in which
two or other number of rollers are used in conjunction with the cloth beam,
and are disposed in an angular or diagonal position as regards the cloth beam,
as herein-before described and shown in the accompanying Drawings, or any
mere modification of the same.
Third, the system or mode of actuating or driving the tensional rollers of the
"take-up," in such manner that the intermediate roller is driven at an increased
or accelerated speed, for the purpose of increasing the tensional drag or hold
upon the cloth, as herein-before described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Charles Parker, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Twentieth day of May, One thousand eight
hundred and fifty-nine.
CHARLES PARKER. (L.S.)