CERTAIN IM- PROVEMENTS OF MACHINERY FOR MAKING BRICKS
Year: 1830

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, HENRY
ROBERT SALOMON DEVENOGE, of Little Stanhope Street, May Fair, in the
County of Middlesex, Gentleman, send greeting.
WHEREAS His late most Excellent Majesty King George the Fourth, by
His Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date at
Westminster, the Eighth day of May last, in the eleventh year of His reign,
did, for Himself, His heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said
Henry Robert Salomon Devenoge, His special licence, that I, the said Henry
Robert Salomon. Devenoge, my executors, adñors, and assigns, or such others
as I, the said Henry Robert Salomon Devenoge, my executors, administra-
tors, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time
to time and at all times during the term of years therein expressed, should
and lawfully might use, exercise and vend, within England and Wales,
and the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, an Invention of "CERTAIN IM-
PROVEMENTS OF MACHINERY FOR MAKING BRICKS;" in which said Letters Patent
there is contained a proviso, obliging me, the said Henry Robert Salomon
Devenoge, by an instrument in. writing under my hand and seal, particularly
to describe and ascertain the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner
the same is to be performed, and so cause the same to be enrolled in His
Majesty's High Court of. Chancery within two calendar months next and.
immediately after the date of the said recited Letters Patent, as in and by, the
same, reference being thereunto had, will more fully and at large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance. with the said proviso, I, the said:
Henry Robert Salomon Devenoge, do hereby declare that the nature of the

page_text: said Invention, and the manner in which the same is to be performed, is
described and ascertained in the Plan or Drawing thereof hereunto annexed,
and as follows:-
"The marl, clay, or other material may be prepared after the usual method
for making bricks in the ordinary mode.
Figure 1 (of the annexed Drawing) represents the plan of the machine
which is constructed on a frame (A). This frame is made either of wood or
iron, and is hollowed to admit so much of the machinery working within it, as
is represented in the sections, Figs. 3 and 4. It may be made of almost any
dimensions, the diameter of the cylinders being the guide. According to the
accompanying Drawing the whole extent to the exterior of the frame is 13 feet
10 inches, by a width of four feet 3 inches, and within the iron stanchions (B)
12 feet 7 inches, by 3 feet 3 inches. The diameter of the cylinder is 3 feet.
Upon this frame the whole machine is erected. It stands on wheels or castors
(6), so that it may be removed at pleasure. The two plates of iron (C, C,)
are let in and screwed down to the frame, and upon these plates the stanchions
are fixed. The four stanchions, each marked (B), are fastened at each angle
of the frame, by which the scantling (K) is supported. This scantling com-
prises an upper frame and sustains the axles of the cylinders. Between these
four stanchions are eight others, which (independent of of their separate
functions,) also support the upper frame. Four of these latter stancheons
(each marked E) are cylindrical, the lower parts of which are encreased' by a
hollow tube (e) supporting another above it (f), which guides and regulates
the motion of the floor (a). The remaining four stanchions (each marked 'D)
are placed 4 feet asunder in the centre of the frame. In each of them are two-
oblong casements receiving the horizontal bars (L and M), permitting these
bars to be raised or lowered at discretion by means of the screws (c). The
lower bars support the razors (d), which are there. placed for the purpose of
cleansing the cylinders from the adhesive clay, and are tightened as occasion
may require by means of the' screws (h) pressing against them, or by the
introduction of springs in lieu thereof. The upper bars have casements in
them (7) after the like manner; as the vertical stanchions which support them';
each of these latter casements receive the small röller or wheel (o)" moving
horizontally in it. This small roller or wheel is for the purpose of propelling
the moving plate or tumbler (p) at the moment that the cylinder in its circular
movement brings the tumbler 'in contact with the wheel, and thereby dis-
charging the bricks from their cells or moulds at a certain point upon the
flooring of the apron without the assistance of sand. There are four other
minor supports (each marked F) to receive the cross bar (H) of the frame (I).

page_text: .
This frame acts by pressure on the razors (d, d.) at the bottom of the cylinder
by means of the screws (i, i) through the upper, frame, and is thereby.
tightened as occasion may need. The two axles next the cylinders have each
two pinions (R, R), the cogs of which, acting in those of the wheels of the
cylinders, furnish the rotary motion to the floors. The 4 axles have each 3.
rollers (each marked S), round which the, apron (6) is placed. The apron is
formed of a strong band or strap. Upon this apron is formed the flooring (a, a)
composed of battens or planks, and revolves on the axles or trees (Q). The
boxes or cofferets (each marked G) which receive the ends of these axles are
placed on plates screwed to the iron plate (C) and the frame, and have casements
in them for tightening the flooring by means of the screws, (each marked g) as
occasion requires. This flooring may be extended to any consistent length.
The small rollers (m, m), fixed on the bars (each marked T) which are:
fastened to the frame at the underside of the floors, top and bottom, serve to.
support the floor as well as to assist its uniform motion. The small pinion (U)
with the handle directs the action of the whole machinery, and in case any
harshness of play should occur, another may be added on the oposite.
side. The small pinion acts on a fly wheel (V) of the same diameter as the
cylinders, on the axle of which are two other pinions (each marked W), shewn
on the section Figure 3, the cogs of which, coming in contact with those of the
cylinder next them, puts the whole machine at once into motion. The 2
cylinders revolve in opposite directions. The sides of the cylinders are composed
either of iron or brass, as also their regulating wheels attached to them. The
divisions of the cells or moulds are fastened by screws independent of the
assistance of the bearing they have upon the outside plates. On two sides of
the cells there is an edge or rim serving to support the moving plates
or tumblers (each marked (p). This edge need not be made the whole
extent of the cell. It is secured to the under side of the divisions by
screws. The tops of the moving plates may be formed of such a figure
as will admit the bricks, having a hollow on the underside of them, as
shewn in the cell marked**, instead of at the top (from the pressure of the
cylinders,). if it should be thought more advantageous. The upper part of
the divisions of the cells of the cylinders may be covered either with brass or
plate iron from an 8th to 1th of an inch in thickness. To each of the moving
plates or tumblers are 2 hollow tubes of metal (q, 9), the one fixed, the other
having a free movement in an aperture or casement in the plate on which it-is.
secured, in order to assist the easy action of the tumblers. The tubes move.
on a cylindrical shank (r), and act backwards or forwards according as the
small rollers or wheels (O & P) acting on. the sloping pieces (t) propel the

page_text: plates or tumblers in dislodging the bricks from their cells, or replace them
again in their original situation. On each side of these hollow tubes are the two
sloping pieces (t, t,) also attached to the moving plate. One of them is acted
upon by the dislodgment wheel or roller (O), and the other by the one (P),
which replaces the tumbler. The axles of the cylinders and..of the pinions
which act upon them are composed of iron 2 inches square with strengthening
pieces in front or rear proper to fix therein screws, &c. The 4 standards
(each marked X) are screwed to the upper frame by nuts or screws and a
cross bar (u) to render it more steady and firm; these standards are to sup-
port the sides of a reservoir or store for supplying the cylinders with the clay
which falls into the cells or moulds behind the plate (Y). From the cross bar
(u) is a plate made to the form of the arch of the two cylinders filled close
thereto and to the cross bar, and adjoining the teeth of the wheels of the
cylinders. This plate (Y) is to prevent the dirt or clay from falling into the
machine when it is either being supplied or at work. Above the cross bar is a
trough or shoot, shown by the dotted lines
. . on the section Fig. 4
at (v.) for the purpose of facilitating the shooting of the clay into the reservoir.
This trough is introduced into the plates on the side of the reservoir by a groove,
and can'at any time be drawn out when the machinery or parts of it may
require cleansing. The dislodgment of the bricks from the cells or moulds
of the cylinders is effected by means of the sloping pieces (t, t) before-
mentioned, without the aid of sand, the use of which is however provided
for in case of need. To the four last-mentioned standards, each marked (X),
supporting the frame of the reservoir, and to 4 others of a similar kind
(cach marked (Z,) two cross bars (w, w) are secured of an inch wide
by 2 inches deep, with groves on them, as shown in the section Fig. 3, at (x).
The lowest of these bars are placed about 5 inches above the cylinders. In
the parts which are groved is a sieve or screen for sand to be used, if
necessary) fixed (y) with 4 small wheels to each sieve working in the
groves; this seive is made to act by means of a crank attached to the large
wheels of the cylinders. In order that the material for making the bricks
may be pressed down and thereby find easy ingress into the cells of the cylinders
behind the plate Y, the height of the 2 standards Z, Z, is encreased, as shewn
on the elevation and section Figs. 2 and 3, for the purpose of having a cross bar
from the one standard to the other. Upon this cross bar is suspended, on an axis,
a beam shewn on the elevation Fig. 2, at (2), to be either of wood or iron,
and to act as a balance. To one end of this beam is attached a cord or
chain to be fastened to a ring, staple or such other stay as may be requisite, at
one end of the frame, for raising the weight and suspending it, when necessary;

page_text: to the other end a chain is affixed with a weight to it for the purpose of
compressing the clay and assisting its more easy ingress into the several cells
or moulds of the cylinders; or the beam may be made to act and kept in
perpetual motion by means of a crank attached to the wheel of the cylinders
in lieu of its being extended to the length, as shewn on the elevation. To the
4 angles of the frame may be added 4 rings with as many chains, all of
which uniting in the centre at this beam would prevent any shaking in the
machine when at work. It will be observed that the divisions between the
cells of the cylinders are segments of circles; these divisions may be made of
any form whatever without affecting the movement of the machine. On
reference to the section Fig. 3 (at J), it will be seen that the segment of each
division of each cylinder will, in its rotary motion, come in contact with the
level surface of the cells or moulds, one with the other, alternately, from the
movement of the two cylinders being in reverse directions, thereby forming a
hollow in each brick for a bed for the mortar or cement. By the pressure
of the screws in the boxes (N, N), which are fixed on plates, with casements
in them, as at (G, 9), the cylinders can be drawn nearer each other or made
to recede from each other (as the case may be), so that the hollow can be
formed in the bricks of a greater or less depth as may be deemed expedient,
an object much to be desired; and as it has been noticed that these divisions
may be adapted to any shape or figure, the bricks may be made of any size
or shape by the cells being constructed according to the form required.
In witness whereof, I, the said Henry Robert Salomon Devenoge, have
hereunto set my hand and seal, the Seventh day of July, in the year of