Im. PROVEMENTS IN HANDLES AND PARTS OF HANDLES FOR UMBRELLAS, WALKING STICKS, KNIVES, AND FOR OTHER LIKE ARTICLES; AND FOR ARTICLES OF FURNI TURE IN STOPPERS, FINGER-PLATES, MEDALLIONS, JEWELLERY, FURNITURE, AND OTHER DECORATIVE ARTICLES
Year: 1855

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Edward Vansittart Neale, of Russell Place, in the
County of Middlesex, Esquire, and Thomas Dawson, of King's Arms
Yard, in the City of London, Manufacturer, for the Invention of "Im.
PROVEMENTS IN HANDLES AND PARTS OF HANDLES FOR UMBRELLAS, WALKING
STICKS, KNIVES, AND FOR OTHER LIKE ARTICLES; AND FOR ARTICLES OF FURNI
TURE IN STOPPERS, FINGER-PLATES, MEDALLIONS, JEWELLERY, FURNITURE, AND
OTHER DECORATIVE ARTICLES."
Sealed the 29th May 1855, and dated the 30th March 1855.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Edward Vansittart Neale
and Thomas Dawson at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 30th March 1855.
We, EDWARD VANSITTART NEALE, of Russell Place, in the County of
Middlesex, Esquire, and THOMAS DAWSON, of King's Arms Yard, in the City
of London, Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention.
for IMPROVEMENTS IN HANDLES AND PARTS OF HANDLES FOR UMBRELLAS, WALKING
STICKS, KNIVES, AND FOR OTHER LIKE ARTICLES; AND FOR ARTICLES OF FURNITURE
IN STO PERS, FINGER-PLATES, MEDALLIONS, JEWELLERY, FURNITURE, AND
DECORATIVE ARTICLES," to be as follows:-
Our Invention consists in the employment for the above-named purposes of
glass blown or cast into suitable shapes, and in decorating the inner or under
Price 8d.]

page_text: surfaces thereof with any pattern, figure, or device required. We then cou-
-solidate the glass or fill it up or in with cement or other substance capable of
giving strength and support thereto.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Edward Vansittart Neale and Thomas Dawson in the Great
Seal Patent Office on the 20th September 1855.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, EDWARD
VANSITTART NEALE, of Russell Place, in the County of Middlesex, Esquire,
and THOMAS DAWSON, of King's Arms Yard, in the City of London, Manu-
facturer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Thirtieth day of March, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-five, in the eighteenth year of Her reign,
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto us, the said
Edward Vansittart Neale and Thomas Dawson, Her special licence that we, the
said Edward VansittartNealeandThomas Dawsonourexecutors,administrators
and assigns, or such others as we, the said Edward Vansittart Neale and Thomas
Dawson, our executors, administrators and assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the
term therein expressed should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN HANDLES AND
PARTS OF HANDLES FOR UMBRELLAS, WALKING STICKS, KNIVES, AND FOR OTHER
LIKE ARTICLES; AND FOR ARTICLES OF FURNITURE IN STOPPERS. FINGER-PLATES,
MEDALLIONS, JEWELLERY, FURNITURE. AND OTHER DECORATIVE ARTICLES," upon the
condition (amongst others) that we, the said Edward Vansittart Neale and
Thomas Dawson, or one of us, by an instrument in writing under our hands and
seals, or under the hand and seal of one of us, should particularly describe and
ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manuer the same was
to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent
Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the
said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said Edward Vansittart Neale and Thomas
Dawson, do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascer-
tained in andi by the following statement thereof, that is to say :-

page_text: Our Invention, so far as relates to the manufacture of handles for umbrellas,
parasols, walking sticks, canes, and whips, all of which are herein-after included
under the word umbrella, and also to the manufacture of handles for knives
or forks, consists of two parts.
The first of such parts is the use in the manufacture of such handles of
tubes, hooks, boles, cups, or plates of glass, so shaped and combined with
hooks, knobs, caps, boles, or ferrules of ivory, horn, bone, wood, metal, or
other hard substances, all of which we herein-after call the protecting
substance, as to give the glass sufficient protection against or power to resist
the shocks of accidental falls, while it permits of the decoration thereof in
a manner free from injury by exposure to weather or ordinary use. This
combination we effect in different modes.
First, we insert straight tubes of glass of thicknesses suitable to the kind'
of handle required, and cut into suitable lengths at the upper part thereofinto
a hook, knob, or cap, all of which we herein-after call the top of the protecting
substance, and at the lower part thereof, into a ferrule of such substance, such
top and ferrule being slightly hollowed so as to fit closely round the glass tube
and conceal the ends thereof; and we connect the top with the stick or tube of
the umbrella by means of a metal rod fixed into the top and passing through
the interior of the tube and the centre of the ferrule, which is screwed into its
right position by means of a thread worked on such rod.
Second, as a modification of the above combination, we employ alternately
a piece of glass tubing and a piece of the protecting substance, the pieces of
the latter being united together by means of the rod passing through the glass
tubes, and the glass tubes being let into the protecting substance at the upper
and lower ends thereof, as before described.
Third, we take a cup of glass, open at both ends, and we fix at the upper
end thereof a plate of glass, either flat or slightly convex, and held in its
place by means of a rim of silver or other metal fastened to the cup, or else a
plate of metal, and we introduce the stick or tube of the umbrella either into
the lower part of this cup or into a ferrule of metal fastened thereon, and we
fix such stick or tube therein by the use of cement.
Fourth, we take a glass tube, open at both ends, and formed into the
shape of a hook, closing one end thereof with a plate of glass or metal, and
introducing the stick or tube of the umbrella into the opposite end, in manner
lastly described.
Fifth, we apply to the top end or side of a handle made of the protecting
substance, pieces of glass, either flat or convex, so as to adapt themselves to
the part to which they are applied, and we either cut away parts of the handle

page_text: so as to let in the glass or lay the glass upon it; and we keep such pieces of
glass in their places, either by means of rims of metal or other suitable
substance screwed into or otherwise fastened to the handle, or by means of
cement applied at the back of the glass.
Sixth, we apply pieces of glass in a similar manner to the top, ends, or
sides of the stick of an umbrella, when used as the handle thereof.
Seventh, we take a tube of glass, slightly bent, open at the lower end and
gradually swelling towards the upper end, which is also open, and to which we
fix a plate of glass or metal, as described in the third method, attaching the
stick or tube of the umbrella to the lower part thereof, in the manner therein
described.
Eighth, as a variation on the last-described method, we use a tube closed at
the upper end so as to resemble a retort with a long narrow neck.
The rinis above mentioned may be made to project to any extent desired
over the edge of the glass, and may be shaped into any desired form, so as
to leave the part of the glass visible of any shape which may be wished.
To decorate the handles formed by such combinations of glass and pro-
tecting substances as aforesaid, we employ colors, which are either applied to
the inuer or under surfaces of the tubes or plates of glass by the use of oil,
varnish, or other suitable vehicles, and are laid on so as to produce lines or
surfaces of such colors or mixture of colors as may be desired; or we use
colors combined, by burning with the substance of the glass in the manner
known to the makers of glass. We also employ as a means of decoration,
drawings or paintings in colors, chromographs, lithographs, photographs, and
prints, colored or plain, and letters or other devices, printed or engraved in
gold, silver, or other colors,upon plain or colored grounds. These decorations
we cut out of suitable shapes and sizes, and either attach to the interior
surfaces of the tubes, cups, hooks, or plates of glass, by means of glue or
other adhesive substances, the superflous glue or adhesive substance being
carefully pressed out by the use of pieces of wash leather, which, when required
to be used in the interior of the tubes, are bound upon wooden handles, and
the decorations being introduced into the tubes by bending or twisting the
paper or other substance whereon they are formed according to the shape of
the decoration; or else we arrange them in such a manner that they shall fit
closely to the interior of the tubes when pushed into the same, and introduce
them by pushing them therein without the use of glue. Papers or other
material on which almanacks, mottoes, names, or any other matter is printed,
may thus be introduced into the interior of the handles. For painting the
interior of the tubes or cups of glass, we use brushes, of which the hairs are

page_text: peut at a right or other angle with the stick. We also cause the outside of
the tubes, cups, hooks, or plates of glass to be cut or pressed into different
shapes, which may either be cf the same color as the adjoining ground, or be
Variously colored as desired.
To make handles for knives or forks we use straight glass tubes, either
rounded or angular at the sides, open at the end next to the blade, and closed
at the other end, either by the glass of which it is formed, or by a plate of
netal or glass fixed thereto, in the manner described in the third combination
above noticed; and we attach the blade to the handle by means of a metal
ferrule and cement, in manner therein described. We use for the decoration
of such handles the methods already described.
In the manufacture of handles for the purposes above mentioned, we do
not limit ourselves to the particular combinations of glass and protecting
substances described above, although we believe that these will be found to
include all useful methods of effecting such a combination for the object
aforesaid, but we claim all combinations of tubes, hooks, cups, boles, or plates
of glass with any protecting substance, for the purpose of making handles for
such uses as aforesaid. Neither do we confine ourselves to any particular
shape for the several parts, nor to any particular mode for fixing the rods,
sticks, ferrules, and rims above mentioned, all these matters being susceptible
of much variation and many modes, by which the objects aforesaid may be
effected, being in use and well known to persons accustomed to combine glass
with metal or other substances by which they may be accomplished.
The second part of our said Invention consists in applying to the glass parts
of the handles formed as aforesaid, a substance capable of equally supporting
the same, and thereby giving the glass sufficient strength for resisting acci-
dental blows, while it is of such a nature or is so applied as to prevent the
glass from being broken in case of fall, through the vibration of the rods or
other substances used to keep the parts of the handle together. The sub-
stance which we have found best adapted for this purpose is fine dry sand,
with which we fill the interior of the tubes, cups, hooks, or boles aforesaid,
closing the openings thereof with washers of leather, card, or any other suit-
able material glued thereto, so as to prevent the escape of the sand, excepting
in cases where the orifice is sufficiently closed by the cement used, to fix the
stick or tube of the umbrella or the blade of the knife. These washers are
also useful, by preventing any jar between the edges of the glass tubes and
the substances into which they are inserted.
In the case of small plates of glass affixed to handles, in manner mentioned
in the fifth and sixth of the above combinations, we employ a. consolidation

page_text: composed of rosin or any hard cement, such as is commonly used for fixing on
umbrella handles.
We have found that the objects last aforesaid may be effected also in the
case of the tubes, hooks, cups, and boles of glass, by coating them with a
lining of cement, such as is known as Keene's, Martin's, or Parian cement,
which we do either by pouring in such cement in a semi-fluid state, and
allowing the same to spread itself over the surface of the glass, or by filling
the tube, hook, or cup with such cement, and afterwards cutting the same
away, so as to leave a hollow space in the interior of such tube, hook, or cup;
and we claim such mode of consolidation when applied to the manufacture of
handles for the purposes aforesaid as part of our Invention, though we prefer
the use of sand.
To preserve the ends of the glass tubes from pressure, we also make use of
,small tubes of zinc or other metal, through which the connecting wires are
passed, and which project beyond the ends of the glass tubes at each end for
about the thickness of the washers which are placed round them. The con-
pecting wires may either be cemented with these tubes or left to play in them
freely. To give greater strength to the handle, these internal tubes may be
made to project about one-sixth of an inch beyond the washer, the projecting
ends being let into the protecting substance at each end.
For obtaining greater lightness, small tubes tapped with a thread on the
outside may be employed instead of the connecting wires, which may then be
dispensed with.
For the manufacture of stoppers, finger-plates, medallions, jewellery, fur-
niture, and other decorative purposes, we adopt the processes herein-before
described, merely varying them so far as may be necessary to suit the shape of
the article to be produced.
In witness whereof, I, the said Thomas Dawson, for myself and on behalf
of the said Edward Vansittart Neale, have hereunto set my hand and
seal, this Twenty-ninth day of September, One thousand eight hundred
. and fifty-five.
THOMAS DAWSON. (L.S.)