AN HYDRAULIC ENGINE, TO BE WORKED BY WATER ONLY, WHICH SHOULD ANSWER THE PURPOSES AFORESAID, AND ALSO DRAW WATER IN BUCKETS, AND WORK COMMON WHIMS, AND OTHER SUCH LIKE MACHINES, WITHOUT THE ASSISTANCE OF HORSES OR ANY OTHER POWER (WATER, AS HEREIN-AFTER, MENTIONED, ONLY EXCEPTED
Year: 1773

page_text: GULLETT'S SPECIFICATION.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, CHRIS-
TOPHER GULLETT, of Tavistock, in the County of Devon, Gentleman, send
greeting.
WHEREAS the want of an engine or machine to be worked by water only,
for drawing, raising, and lifting up ores, coles, and other weights and
substances, from mines, pits, shafts, and other deep places, and for working
buckets, ribbals, &c., and making them to continue to work, and to ascend.
and descend alternately at pleasure, hath been long felt and regretted, as those
purposes have been hitherto obtained and effected by the power of horses and
other animal powers at a very considerable expence: And whereas, in order to
remedy such a defect, and supply what had been so long wanted, and the want
whereof had been so long regretted, I did apply myself to the invention and
construction of, and did (Dei gratia) discover, invent, and bring to perfection,
"AN HYDRAULIC ENGINE, TO BE WORKED BY WATER ONLY, WHICH SHOULD ANSWER
THE PURPOSES AFORESAID, AND ALSO DRAW WATER IN BUCKETS, AND WORK COMMON
WHIMS, AND OTHER SUCH LIKE MACHINES, WITHOUT THE ASSISTANCE OF HORSES
OR ANY OTHER POWER (WATER, AS HEREIN-AFTER, MENTIONED, ONLY EXCEPTED):"
And whereas His most Excellent Majesty King George the Third hath been
graciously pleased, by His Letters Patent, under the Great Seal of Great.
Britain, bearing date the Seventeenth day of June, in the thirteenth year of
His said Majestie's reign, to give and grant unto me, the said Christopher
Gullett, my executors, admors, and assigns, His especial licence, full power,

page_text: sole priviledge and authority, that I, the said Christopher Gullett, my executors,
admors, and assigns, and every of them, by myself or themselves, or by my or
their deputy or deputies, servants or agents, or such others as I, the said
Christopher Gullett, my exors, admors, and assigns, should at any time
agree with, and no others, should and lawfully might, from time to time, and
at all times hereafter during the term of years therein expressed, make, use,
exercise, and vend, within that part of that Great Britain called England,
the Dominion of Wales, and Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, and also within
all His said Majestie's Colonies and Plantations abroad, my new-invented
hydraulic engine for drawing up ores and other weights from mines and other
deep places, in such manner as to me, my executors, adñiors, and assigns, or
any of them, should in their discretions seem meet, and that I, the said
Christopher Gullett, my exors, admors, and assigns, should and lawfully
might have and enjoy the whole profit, benefit, commodity, and advantage
from time to time coming, growing, accruing, and arising by reason of my said
Invention; to have, hold, exercise, and enjoy the said licence, powers, privi-
ledges and advantages therein granted unto me, the said Christopher Gullett,
my executors, admors, and assigns, for and during and unto the full end and
term of fourteen years from the date of the said Letters Patent next and
immediately ensuing, and fully to be compleat and ended according to the
Statute in that case made and provided; and whereas in the said Letters
Patent there is contained a proviso that I, the said Christopher Gullett, should
particularly describe and ascertain the nature of my said Invention, and in
what manner the same is performed, by an instrument in writing under my
hand and seal, and cause the same to be inrolled in the High Court of
Chancery within four calender months next after the date of the said Letters
Patent, as in and by the said Letters Patent, relation being thereunto had,
will more fully and at large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in obedience to the said Letters Patent, and the
said proviso therein contained, I, the said Christopher Gullett, do hereby
declare my sd new-invented hydraulic engine to be and is made and performed
in manner following (that is to say):-
The same is in itself, and according to its original constituent principles,
exceedingly simple, and on that account ('tis hoped) the more valuable, the
principal part of the Invention being to make one and the same axis A in the
annext Plans to work and turn two different ways, that is, either forwards or
backwards at pleasure, and in order thereto, consists of a double overshot
water wheel, or a water wheel with two setts of bucketts standing different
ways, and one of them inverted, as B, C, or two common water wheels, either

page_text: joined close together (as they are represented), or fixed separately and at some
distance on the same axis A, but so joined and fixed, however, that one of the
wheels is turned the contrary way to the other, and so that the buckets of one
of the wheels, or one set of the buckets, may be inverted, and stand in a
directly contrary position to the other set or buckets of the other wheel. For
instance, if the water runs due east, to fall into and be received by the buckets
of the wheel (B) (supposing them to be separate wheels), the buckets of the
other wheel C must be reversed, and stand so as to receive a stream of
water running due west into them; the obvious consequence of which is, that
the water running due east into the buckets of the wheel B will of course turn
both the wheels (B & C) and the axis (A) (on which they are immoveably
fixed) towards the west. And when that course of the water is stopt, and the
water prevented from flowing into and falling upon the wheel B by the sluice
board, flood hatch, or valve N being shut, as herein-after described (which we
will suppose to be when the buckett or ribball is nearly drawn up to the
surface or place where it is to be unloaded), the wheel B, as also the wheel C
and axis A, are all stopped from working, and the engine may be made to
remain at rest as long as the person working it thinks proper. When the
manager wants to set the engine again at work, in order to let down the
unloaded empty bucket or ribball, and to draw up from the bottom the other
loaded buckett or ribball, he need only open the other flood hatch, sluice
board, or valve M, by pulling the cord or wire O, and the water from the
cistern K will rush impetuously through the opening due west upon the wheel
and into the bucketts C, and thereby make the engine work backwards and
turn both the wheels C, B, and axis A towards the east, which will of course
draw up the loaded and let down the unloaded buckett, which motion of the
wheels and axis towards the east may be intirely stopped, and the engine made
to continue at rest during pleasure, by only slacking the cord or wire of, and
thereby shutting, the valve M, or by shutting the sluice board or flood hatch
substituted in lieu thereof; or otherwise the motion may be changed and
reversed, and the wheels and axis made to turn towards the west almost
instantaneously, by only opening the valve, sluice board, or flood hatch N, and
thereby permitting the water to flow upon the wheel B, as before described,
thus causing the bucketts, ribballs, weights, &c., by these easy manoeuvres, to
ascend and descend alternately at pleasure. A large rope D winds twice or
thrice round the axis A, the ends of which, going over the two pullies E, E, which
are fixed perpendicularly over the mine, pitt, shaft, or bottom, draw up one of the
buckets or weights, and let down the other at the same time, as before described,
ascending and descending alternately according as the water is turned and per-

page_text: mited to flow-upon one wheel or the other, or the buckets B or C respectively.
Two large trucks or pulleys V,V, (whose diameters must be made somewhat larger
than that of the axis A) may be fixed at a proper distance from each other on
a small axis (Z), directly over that part of the axis A where the great rope D
winds round, and so close as just to turn free of that axis, in order to receive
the rope on each side of the great axis, and guide it on its approach to and
going off from the axis, and keep it always winding steadily round the same
part of that axis. Also vertical rollers (W) may be fixed on the outside of
the great rope, with their centers just under the trucks V; to turn as close to
the axis A as may be without rubbing, in order to assist the trucks in
preventing the rope from inclining towds the ends of the great axis, and to take
off all material friction. The velocity of the ascent and descent of the bucketts
or other weights may be increased at pleasure by only enlarging, in that part
where the rope winds, the diameter of the axis A. Where there is only a
small stream of water for working the engine, the power of it may be
increased, especially at the first lifting the weight from the bottom, when it is
most wanted,, by means of a cistern or reservoir K, placed with its bottom
very nearly close over the buckets of the wheel or wheels B, C, and supplied
with water from the stream H, which is let out occasionally for working either
of the wheels through openings in the bottom of the cisterm, made obliquely
and of a proper size, by drawing up and opening the valves M, N, which cover
them, as the wheels B or C are respectively required to be worked. Or,
instead of those valves, a sluice board or flood hatch may be substituted for
each wheel, and made to open against the buckets a little lower than the top
of the wheel (a curve or hollow being made in the bottom of the cistern to let
the wheel turn freely). In order to lift the loaded buckets, ribbals, or weights
from the very bottom with the greatest ease, it may be proper to have a fathom
or two of rope lying slack at the bottom, so that at the very first motion of the
wheel the engine may only have the weight of the rope to draw, and may be
in full motion, and the-buckets of the wheel filled with water by the time the
ribball or weight begins to be moved. All this before-mentioned description
relates and refers to Figure 1 'in the annext Plan.
If,- instead of this simple engine with the rope twisting round the axis A, as
before described, another should be preferred which should work a whim, and
act, as to its effects, like a common horse whim, then a perpendicular cog
wheel need only be placed on the axis A, as at Q, in Figure 2, to take and
turn the horizontal cog wheel R, fixed on the perpendicular axis S of the whim
S, T, which will turn that axis S; and the cage or lantern T, round which the
great rope D, D, winds, and works over the pulleys E, E, (either forwards or

page_text: backwards, as the water is permitted to flow on the wheels B or C,) to draw
up and let down the buckets, ribbals, and other weights, as before described in
Figure 1. One engine, by making the horizontal wheel to turn three or four
or more other horizontal cog wheels, may be made to work so many or more
whims and pairs, or sets of buckets, ribballs, &c., or such of them as are
wanted, pretty much in the same manner as one cog wheel, in a good
common grist mill is made to turn three or four pair of mill stones. This
engine, more especially as described in Figure 1, may likewise be erected
under ground, and worked by means of proper cranks, &c., for stopping,
diverting, and changing the water from one wheel to the other by only
allowing to each bucket an additional length of rope, equal to the height from
the wheel to the pulley fixed over the shaft or pit. The said engine might
be likewise made to work a pump or pumps for drawing water, by only
adding a crank or cranks at either or each end of the axis A, by which pistons
might be worked as in common water wheel pumps, as also to work as a
stamping mill, by only adding teeth round the great axis; and the very water
raised by the pumps or buckets, or by a fire engine, might be converted to
the working this engine if wanted, by only raising it a little above the height
of the water wheels. And one engine may be likewise made to work several
different shafts or pits, by only allowing to each pair of buckets or ribballs, &c.,
and for each shaft or pit, a sufficient additional length of rope, equal to the
distance from the engine to the shaft or pit, which may be trailed and carried
on the ground over pullies, rollers, &c. to any reasonable distance; and a
certain number of these Patent Engines, to work a proper number of pairs or
sets of buckets for drawing water, may be made to draw such a quantity
of water as to reduce and render unnecessary the present great number
of fire engines now necessarily used, and save great part. of the very large
expence attending the erecting and working of many fire engines in future,
which might otherwise be necessary. If the power of the water should be too
strong after the descending bucket is got about half way down, and give too
great velocity to the wheel and axis, the sluice boards or valves may be made to
sink and stop at different depths, so as to check and keep back part or all of the
water; or if the weight of the descending bucket and rope should accelerate the
motion so as to acquire too great a degree of velocity, in such case a small
gripe wheel (b) may be fixed on the axis A with a gripe (d) fastened over it,
which the manager, by means of proper cranks, &c., might draw down close upon
the gripe wheel, whereby and by the gripe rubbing hard against that wheel
and causing a considerable friction, the descending weight might be prevented
from running down too quickly, and acquiring too great a velocity, or might

page_text: e even stopped at any time if required. Or, instead of one of the two over-
hot wheels B, C, there may be a breast undershot or floatboard wheel
ubstituted and fixed on the same axis A, in which case to turn both wheels
hay run the same way, for instance due east, which, falling into the buckets of
he overshot wheel, will make both wheels and axis turn towards the west, and
which being stopt and the water from the dam set running against the breast
r floatboard wheel, will make that, as also the overshot wheel and axis, all
urn backwards or towards the east, the water for the breast wheel being kept
p in a kind of mill-dam, and let out occasionally by a sluice or penstock
when and while that wheel is to be set and kept going.
AND FURTHER KNOW YE, that for a further and more particular descrip-
ion of my said new-invented hydraulic engine, and in order more clearly to
scertain the nature of my said Invention, and how and in what manner the same
s to be performed, I crave leave to, and do hereby refer to, the Plan and
Drawings, and several particulars and references mentioned and contained in
he skin of parchment hereunto annexed, entitled "A Plan and Description of
Gullett's Hydraulic Patent Engine."
In witness whereof, I, the said Christopher Gullett, have hereunto (the
same with the said annext Plan being written on and contained in two
skins or pieces of parchment) set my hand and seal, the Fourth day of
October, in the thirteenth year of the reign of our Sovereign Lord
George the Third, by the grace of God of Great Britain, France,
and Ireland King, Defender of the Faith, &c., and in the year of our
Lord One thousand seven hundred and seventy-three.
REFERENCES AND EXPLANATIONS OF FIG. 1.
A, the axis on which are fixt the two overshot wheels, or a double overshot
wheel, with inverted bucketts B, C.
.B, an overshot wheel turned by the water from the valve N, supposed to
un due east into its buckets, which of course turns both the wheels and axis
B, C, A, towards the west.
.C, another overshot wheel, or the inverted bucketts of the same wheel,
ixed on the same axis A, in a directly contrary or inverted position, so as for
the buckets C to receive the water from the valve M, which is to run due west
nto them, which makes both the wheels and axis B, C, A, turn backwards,
viz., towards the east.
D, a large rope which winds twice or thrice round the axis A, the ends of
which, going over the two pulleys E, E, fixed perpendicularly over the shaft pit
or bottom G, draw up one of the buckets or weights F, and let down the other,

page_text: ascending and descending alternately, according as the water is turned and
permitted to flow upon one wheel or the other, or the bucketts B or C.
E, E, the pulleys over which the great rope D works,
F, one of the bucketts, ribballs, or weights drawn up,
G, the shaft pit or bottom,
}.
as described above.
H, the stream of the water conveyed either thro' the valve N due east into
and to turn the wheel B, or through the valve M due west into and to turn the
wheel C, or through the waste launder L, when the engine is not worked and
the water must be carried off.
I, the south end of the cistern (cut a few inches lower than the sides) over
which the waste water runs off, being carried free over the wheels by the
oblique launder L.
K, represents a view of the west side of the cistern or reservoir to be
supplied with water from the stream H.
L, a launder at the south end of the cistern, placed obliquely to carry off
the waste water over the wheels when the cistern overflows.
M, the valve, placed over the aperture in the bottom of the cistern or
reservoir, which opens upon and to turn the bucketts (of the wheel) C.
N, the valve, which in like manner opens over the bucketts, and to turn the
wheel B.
O, the lines, cords, or wires, whereby the manager of the engine, by the
assistance of proper cranks, &c., pulls up and opens, or lets down and shuts, the
valves M, N, at pleasure, or the flood hatches or sluice boards substituted in
their stead.
P, P, the frames or uprights to support the pulleys E, E, over the shaft
G, near, which the person stands to unload the buckets, &c., and to manage
the engine, and against which the springs Y are fixed.
W, the two large trucks fixed on the axis Z to receive and guide the great
rope, and keep it winding steadily round the same part, and to prevent its
tending towards either end of the axis A.
W, an iron catch of this form
to be let down and fall by its
own, weight between the teeth X, when the engine is to continue at rest,
but to be suspended above the teeth while the engine is at work.
X, the teeth fixed round the axis A to receive the catch W.
Y, Y, two springs made to communicate with the two valves or sluice boards
M, N, so as to shut either of them, and stop the engine by the buckets pressing
back the spring against the upright P when the buckett ascends too high, in
case the manager should neglect to stop it.

page_text: Z, the little axis whereon are fixed the two trucks or pullies V, V, which
turns on a pivot at each end.
a, the surface of the water in the cistern or reservoir K when full.
6, a gripe wheel fixed on the axis A, to check the accelerating motion of the
descending bucket.
d, the gripe fixed over the gripe wheel, which the manager at P, by means
of the lever f, &c., draws down hard upon the gripe wheel, and thereby causes
a friction, and checks its velocity.
e, the east side of the cistern or reservoir.
f, a lever whereby the manager draws down the gripe D upon the gripe
wheel (b). The lower end of the lever is so heavy when left to itself as to
keep the upper end free from the gripe and leave it quite at liberty.
-
g, the waste water conveyed from the cistern over the wheels by the
launder L.
(w), the vertical roller placed on each side of the axis A, to prevent
the rope from inclining towards either end of the axis.
REFERENCES AND EXPLANATIONS OF FIG. 2.
Q, a cog wheel fixed on either or both ends of the axis A, in order to turn
and work one or more whims by taking and turning one or more horizontal cog
wheels R.
R, an horizontal cog wheel fixed on the perpendicular axis S of the whim S, T.
S, the perpendicular axis of the whim.
T, the cage, lantern or hollow cylinder, round which the great rope D winds
and works over the pulleys E, E.
N.B. in the above Plans only such parts of the engine are drawn as are a
necessary to explain the same and the principles on which it acts, without
the whole of the beams, &c. which support them, since they are easily
supposed, and if drawn would have confused, if not obscured, the Figures;
besides, they must be varied according to local circumstances, and additional
supports, pulleys, cranks, &c. may be necessary where the engine is erected s
at any distance from the shaft or under ground.
CHRB GULLETT

page_text: AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the Fifth day of October, in the
year of our Lord 1773, the aforesaid Christopher Gullett came before our
said Lord the King in His Chancery, and acknowledged the Instrument
aforesaid, and all and every thing therein contained and specified, in form
above written. And also the Instrument aforesaid was stampt according
to the tenor of the Statute made in the sixth year of the reign of the late
King and Queen William and Mary of England, and so forth.
Inrolled the Seventh day of October. in the year of our Lord One

page_text: the wwwv
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and axis B.C.A. towards the West ._
. Another Overshot Wheel - Or the Inverted Buckets of the same Wheel fixed on the same Axis 1 in a directly contrary or inverted
position so as for the Buckets C to receive the Water from the Valve, M which is to run due wist into them, which makes both the
Wheels and Axis B.C. A. turn backwards (vi) towards the East. _
over.
A large hope - which winds twice or thrice round the Axis A. The Ends of which going over the two fluilleys E. E. fixed perpen-
diciilarly over the Shaft pit or Bottom G. Draw up one of the Buckets or Weights F and let down the other ascending und
descending alternately according I as the Water is turned and permitted to flow upon one Wheel or the other or the Buckets B or C..
3 . The pulleys over which the great rope D works
One of the Buckets Kibballs or Weights
3. The Shaft pit or Bottom.
us described above ...
7. The Stream of Water conveyed either through the Vulve N. due East into and to turn the Wheel B or through the Valve M due
West into and to turn the Wheel C or through the Waste Lauder (L) when the Engine is not worked and the Water must be carried off
The South end of the Cistern (cut a few Inches lower than the Slides).
I over which the Waste Water runs off being carried free.
the Wheels by the Oblique Launder 1.
7. Represents a view of the West side of the Cistern or Reservoir to be supplied with Water from the Stream H.
over
I A Launder at the South End of the Cistern placed obliquely to carry off the waste Water over the Wheels when the Cistern overflows
1. The Valve placed over the Aperture in the Bottom of the Cistern or Reservoir which opens upon and to turn the Buckets (of the Wheel) C.
V. The Valve which in like manner opens over the Buckets and to turn the Wheel B.
9. The Lines Cords or Wires whereby the Manager of the Engine by the assistance of proper Aunks & pulls up and opens or Lets down
and shuts the Valves M. N. at pleasure or the Flood Hatches or Sluice Boards substituted in their stead
• P. The Frames or Uprights to support the pulleys B.B. over the Shaft G. near which the person stands to imload the Berckets
Manage the Engine and against which the Springs I are fixed.
V.
Je and to
The two large Trucks fixed on the state (2) to receive and guide the great Rope and keep it winding steadily commed the
same part and to prevent its tending towards either end of the Axis A.–
W. An Iron Catch (of this form an
) to be let down and fall by
its
own
• weight between the Teeth I when the Engine is to
continue at rest - But to be suspended above the Teeth while the Engine is at Work
X. The Fath fixed round the Axis & to receive the Catch W
Y. Two Springs made to communicate with the Two Valves or Stinice Boards M. N. so as to shut either of them and stop the Engine by the Buckets
pressing back the Spring against the upright P. when the Bucket ascends for high in case the Manager should neglect to stop it ._
7. The little Axis whereon are fixed the tur Trucks or pullies V. V. which turns on a
a pivot at each end.
a.
The surface of the Water in the Cistern or Reservoir II. when full.
A Gupe Wheel fiaid on the Axis A. to check the accelerating lotion of the descending
>
Bucket.
a. The Gripe fixed over the Gripe Wheel, which the Manager at P by means of the Lever ₤. V draws down hard upon the Gripe
Wheel and thereby causes a Friction and checks its velocity. . -
e.
The East side of the Cistern or Reservoir...
f.
A Lever, whereby the Manager draws down the Gripe d upon the Gripe Wheel 6. The lower End of the Lever is so heavy when
left to itself as to keep the upper end free from the Gripe and leave it quite at liberty...
g
The Waste Water Conveyed from the Cistern over the Wheels by the Lauder I - (w, the Vertical Roller placed on each side of
the Axis A to prevent the Roke from inclining towards either end of the Axis ...
V.B. In the alive plans only such parts of the Engine are drawn, as are necessary to explain the same and the principles on
which it acts without the whole of the Beams Vo which support them since they are easily supposed and if decun would
have confused if not obscured the Figures Besides they must be varied according to local evicumstances, and additional
support pullup Cranks So may be necessary where the Engine is erected at any distance from the Shaft or Underground
ONDON: Printed by GEORGE EDWARD EYRE and WILLIAM SPOTTISWOODE.
Detone to the thuson's mact Excellent Majesty 1856
rawa on us by Malky & Sons.