Improvements in Railway Cars.
Year: 1887

page_text: Date of Application, 14th Feb., 1887
Complete Left, 2nd Nov., 1887
Complete Accepted, 9th Dec., 1887
Improvements in Railway Cars.
SYDNEY PITT of Sutton in the County of Surrey Gentleman (a communication to
ine from abroad by Gustave Leve of the City of New York in the County and State
of New York one of the United States of America) do hereby declare the nature of
this invention to be as follows:-
The present invention relates to the construction and arrangement of a combined
parlor and sleeping car, having more especial reference to the interior fittings
connected with the sleeping berths, the curtains therefor, the chairs used by
passengers in the day time, and to the arrangement and fittings connected with the
heating and ventilating of the car.
When the car is arranged for day travelling, it is provided with easy chairs, and all
other necessary appurtenances, and has every appearance of a parlor or drawing room
car, and nothing is shown to indicate that the car is provided with the requisite
fittings to constitute it a sleeping car; and at night-time the chairs are stowed out
of sight, and the sleeping berths made up, giving all the appliances and conveniences
for sleeping purposes without calling into requisition any of the seats or upholstered
sofas used by passengers in the day time.
The principle on which the car is constructed is as follows-
In the first place the usual toilet, smoking and dressing rooms or compartments
as well as buffet arrangements are provided at the ends of the car, and the central
portion is allotted for the chairs for day use these being as usual placed along each
side close to the windows, leaving a middle aisle. Before making up the berths at
night the pedestals of the chairs are sunk into sockets and the chair-seats brought
down close to the floor, the chair-backs being disconnected and folded and laid on top
of the chair seats.
Appliances for making up the sleeping berths are contained within bed lockers or
cupboards in day-time, fastened against the sides of the car, and they form in
appearance projecting panels thereon, between the windows, reaching a little above
and a little below the latter, said bed-lockers being hinged by one side to the wall and
locked on the other.

page_text: A recess is formed in the side of the car which the locker covers when the latter is
shut, and such recess serves as a receptacle for the bedding during the day.
Each locker is capable of being swung to a position at right angles to the side
of the car, and is supported and secured in its position by a peculiar hinged leg
which is turned down from the lower end of the locker (which position it occupies
when the locker is shut) said hinged leg forming when in its perpendicular position
a firm connection with a screw-plate secured to the car floor.
The lockers swing outwardly and in the same direction so that when the adjoining
ones have been so swung the outer side of one is placed opposite the inner side of
the next one and a bar pivoted to one edge of the locker near its upper end is
disengaged and swung upward to a horizontal position, and secured to a bolt on the
edge of the adjoining locker thus firmly uniting the upper ends of the lockers and
holding them in position. Said rod is also used as a curtain-rod, from which the
requisite curtains covering the berths are suspended. Suitable catches are provided
for holding the rod in its different positions.
The bed-frames connected to each locker are constructed of two side rails, a
reinforcing plate on the inner side of said rails, cross slats bolted to the rails and a
strong canvas centre; and upon these frames the mattresses are laid. These bed-frames
correspond in width with the interior of the lockers, and are connected to the
interior thereof by one end as follows; the lower bed frame is pivoted to the inner
sides of the locker by bolts passing through the ends of the rails in such manner that
sufficient room is left to the upper bed-frame, and stands between it and the locker
back when both are folded within the locker. The upper bed-frame is connected by
one end to the locker by bolts (passing through the ends of its side rails) having
wide heads which engage in vertical grooves in the inner opposite sides of the locker,
said grooves extending from the bottom to the height at which it is desired to fix the
upper bed. To facilitate the movement of this upper bed the spring-actuated winding
shaft having a drum at each end is hung in the upper end of the locker, said drums
being connected by thin metallic ribbons which wind around the drums. The free
end of the upper bed-frame falls down and is supported upon metallic brackets of
peculiar construction attached to the outer side or face of the adjoining locker. A
self acting stop pivoted in said bracket case holds the rails of the bed frame after these
are pressed into place. Similar ones are provided for the lower bed frame.
Before the bed lockers are swung outward from their position against the side of
the car, the chair backs are removed and each chair being provided with a hollow
pedestal partly threaded is screwed down upon a vertical screw, standing in the
centre of the socket below the floor and revolved so as to bring the chair seat close
down to the floor and when in this position, the backs are folded and laid over the
seats. (Suitable fastenings are provided for holding the chair in its upward position
while allowing it to revolve.)
When the chair parts are arranged as just described, and the lower bed made up
they will lie underneath, and clear of the bed frame.
Any two of the chairs may be, combined into a convenient sofa, by turning them
side to side, swinging up their adjoining arms and placing an upholstered platform,
between the two chairs, resting on the upper side of the adjoining chair frames.
cushion if need be can then be placed against one of the chair arms for the occupants
head to rest on.
A
The invention also embodies a novel arrangement of the curtains covering the
fronts of the berths when in use at night time, whereby greater privacy is secured to
the different occupants of the upper and lower berths.
This improvement consists in providing the upper berth with a pair of curtains
which do not extend to the car floor, but only a sufficient distance below the bed frame
to properly enclose the upper berth: These curtains are provided at their top edges
with hooks which catch upon the bar before alluded to, as bracing the two lockers
together.
These curtains have near their bottom edges and on their inside, a series of loops
so that when it is not desired to seclude the occupant of one berth from the other,

page_text: hooks upon the top edges of the lower berth curtains may be inserted in these loops
and thus form a continuous curtain from top to bottom of the section.
When it is required to seclude the lower berth from the occupants of the upper
division the hooks of the lower curtain are simply hooked on to the side frame of the
upper berth.
The arrangement for ventilating the car thus described, provides for the drawing
of air from the exterior into the car, purifying same, and then distributing it through
registers to different parts. In every case the apparatus is the same, whether used in
winter to supply pure warm air to the car or in summer to replace vitiated air with a
fresh purified supply from the outside.
Within the compartment allotted to the heater is a box or chamber to which is
connected a pipe leading to the exterior of the car and provided with a hood or funnel
mouth. Said box or chamber has a grating upon which will rest sponges or other
air filtering medium, a door or damper being provided if desired at or near the bottom
in the side or wall of this box, or compartment to correspond with an opening or
passage way leading into another chamber formed around the smoke pipe or upper
part of the heater, this chamber being in communication with a vertical conduit
(containing a damper if desired and in some cases the pipes connected with the water
tank),which conduit connects at its lower end with the box running along the car in
the angle of the floor and side walls containing the heating pipes.
The vitiated air in the car passes off through ventilators placed in the upper part of
the side walls which are preferably located in such position as to enable the occupants
of the berths to obtain the benefit of a perfect ventilation.
Dated this 14th day of February 1887.
CARPMAEL & Co.,
Agents for the Applicant.

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Railway Cars.
1, SYDNEY PITT, of Sutton, in the County of Surrey, Gentleman, (a communication
to me from abroad by Gustave Leve of the City of New York, in the County and State
of New York, one of the United States of America,) do hereby declare the nature of
this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
The present invention relates to the construction and arrangement of the interior
fittings of a combined parlor and sleeping car, and also to a novel ventilating
apparatus intended primarily for use in connection with a car of this nature, but
applicable as well to other classes of railway vehicles.
The several improvements are fully set forth in detail and their operation
ascertained in the following description and claims, reference being had to the
drawing forming part of this specification, in which Figures 1 and 2, are side
elevations of portions of one side of the interior of a sleeping-car, embodying my
improvements, Figure 1, showing the position of the chairs and bed-lockers when
the car is arranged for day use, and Figure 2, illustrating the appearance of said part
when the beds are made up. Figure 3, is a perspective view showing a portion of
the interior of the car, one bed-locker in open position, and parts of the bed-frame,
together with other detail parts, hereinafter described. Figure 4, is a vertical section
of one of the bed-lockers showing therein, in edge view, the two bed-frames.
Figure 4 is an edge view (enlarged) of the lower corner of one of the lockers, and
showing in side elevation partly in section, the hinged leg on which said locker is
supported when open. Figure 5, is a perspective view (enlarged) of the curtain rod
catch. Figure 6, is a like view of the spring catch which supports one end of the
upper bed. Figure 7, is an edge and a plan view of one of the bed-frames, and
showing a transverse section of one of the lockers. Figure 8, is a longitudinal section
of a portion of one of the lockers, showing the supporting devices for one end of the
bed and an end of the latter. Figure 9, is a plan view of the interior of one of the
pivoted bed-brackets, and Figure 10), is a vertical section of said bracket-case, showing
its parts in a closed position. Figure 11, is a vertical section of the chair seat-frame,
and its pivotal supporting devices, together with a section of the floor of the car.
Figure 12, is a front elevation of two of the chairs arranged as a sofa. Figure 13, is
a perspective view showing my new arrangement of curtains for secluding the upper
and lower berths, each berth in this case having a separate and distinct set of curtains.
Figure 14, is a detail view illustrating one of my curtains arranged so as to be entire
from top bar to floor. Figure 15, is a longitudinal section of one of my cars
illustrating my beating and ventilating apparatus.
In the drawing, 2 indicates the side of a car, and 3, the floor thereof.
In Figure 1, is shown a portion of the side of the interior of the car, in which the
bed-lockers 4, are shown shut and fastened against the side 2, of the car, and they
form, in appearance, projecting panels thereon each side of the windows, reaching a
little below and a little above the latter.
In said Figure 1, are also shown several of the chairs 6, which are used in the car
which is furnished with said lockers.

page_text: The said lockers and chairs above described, and shown in Figure 1, illustrate the
appearance of both sides of the sleeping car when the latter is arranged for day-
travelling; and when the bed-lockers and chairs are so arranged, the car has every
appearance of a Parlor Car, and nothing is shown to indicate that the car is provided
with the requisite fittings to constitute it a sleeping-car.
The said bed-lockers, 4, are made in the form of a shallow box of rectangular form,
as shown in Figure 3, and they are hinged by one side to the side of the car, one
each side of one of the windows.
A recess, 5, is formed in the side of the car, which the locker 4, covers when the
latter is shut, as shown in Figure 1, and said recess serves as a convenient receptacle
for the bedding during the day.
The bed-lockers have a mirror, 7, secured thereto and forming the centre of the
surrounding outer side thereof, suitable hooks being attached to the car which engage
with catches, 8, on the lockers whereby the latter are secured when shut against the
side of the car.
Each locker, 4, is capable of being swung to a position at right angles to the side
of the car, as shown in Figures 2 and 3, and it is supported and secured in said
position by a peculiar hinged leg, 9, shown in Figures 2 and 3. Said leg is hinged
by its upper end to the lower end of the locker in order that it may, when the latter
is swung against the side of the car, be swung up against the lower end of the locker
out of the way, in which position it is secured by any suitable means, but when the
locker is opened as in Figure 3, said leg is swung to a perpendicular position over a
screw-plate 10, which is secured to the floor of the car. Said plate 10, has a short
upwardly projecting central stud which is screw-threaded, in which is a central bolt-
socket. The said leg, 9, has its lower end screw-threaded and thereon is fitted a
coupling, 11, which is adapted to screw on to said stud or plate, 10, thereby securing
the leg and plate to each other. The leg, 9, is also provided with a central
holt, 12, which is driven downward by a spring, 13. and an arm 14, passes through
a slot in the leg into said bolt, whereby the latter is lifted out of plate, 10.
Said bolts serve to facilitate the operation of quickly placing and securing the
lower end of the leg, 9, on plate 10, while the car is in motion, for as soon as said end
is over the said socket in the plate the bolt will spring into it, and then the
coupling 11, can be easily screwed to its stud.
The lockers, 4, are arranged to swing outwardly all in the same direction, so that
when two adjoining ones have been so swung, as in Figure 2, the outer side of one is
brought opposite the inner side of the next one thereby bringing the mirror, 7, at
one end of the compartment formed by the said two lockers, said mirror constituting
a great convenience to the occupants of the compartment.
When said two lockers have been swung opposite each other as above described, a
bar 15, which is pivoted to one edge of the locker near its upper end, and has a hook
on its free end is disengaged and swung upward to a horizontal position and is
hooked to a bolt on the edge of the adjoining locker, as shown in Figure 2, thereby
firmly uniting the upper ends of the lockers and holding them in proper position.
The said rod, 15, also constitutes a curtain rod on which, by hooks in the usual way,
the requisite curtains are suspended which cover the side of the compartment
adjoining the central passage through the car. Said rod, when the locker is not
opened, hangs vertically on the edge of the latter in the position indicated by dotted
lines in Figure 3, and its lower end is engaged with a grooved catch 16, (Figure 5)
which is pivoted by one end in a case, 17, a spring shown in dotted lines under said
catch holding the free end of the latter up. The case, 17, is secured on the edge of
the locker as shown, in such position that when the rod, 15, hangs vertically, its
lower end engages with catch 16, and is prevented from swinging with the motion of
the car. By depressing the free end of said catch, the rod is freed therefrom.
The bed-frames, 18, which are connected to each locker as hereinafter described, are
constructed as follows-
Two side-rails, 19, of wood, preferably, have each a reinforcing plate, 20, secured
to its inner side as shown, (preferably let into said rail) to give it greater rigidity

page_text: under the weight of the occupant of the bed, and eight cross slats, 21. of iron, (four
at each end) are firmly bolted to said rails, and said slats are reinforced by four
longitudinal iron bars, 22, (two at each end of the frame) which are bolted to said
slats 21, and a strong doubled canvas centre 230 is secured around the two innermost
iron slats 21, between the latter and the side rails, 19, and upon the bed-frame so
made the matress of the bed is laid, Figure 2, showing the appearance of the made
up beds.
Two bed-frames, 18, are made up of a width corresponding to that of the
interior of the lockers and are connected to the interior thereof by one end as
follows-
The lower bed-frame is pivoted to the inner sides of the locker by bolts passing
through the ends of the rails 19, as shown in Figure 3, but far enough from the panel
side of the locker to leave room for the upper bed-frame to stand between said side
and the lower frame when both are folded within the locker in the positions shown in
Figure 4.
The upper bed-frame is connected by one end to the locker by bolts passing
through the ends of the side rails and having wide heads which engage in longi-
tudinal grooves 23, (see Figure 7) in the inner opposite sides of the locker. Said
grooves extend from the bottom end of the locker upward to the height at which it is
desired to fix the upper bed for use, and to facilitate the movement of the frame of
the latter upward to bring it to a horizontal position a spring-actuated winding
shaft, 24, having a drum near each end, is hung in the upper end of the locker and
around each drum thereon (and secured by one end thereto) is wound a thin metallic
ribbon, and said ribbons are attached by one end to the end of the upper bed-frame,
as shown.
A suitable spring (not shown in the drawing) is attached to said shaft, 24, against
the force of which the end of the bed-frame is forced down to the lower end of the
locker and the opposite end of said frame is then swung under the upper end of the
locker, as shown in Figure 4, and when said upper end is swung outward away from
the locker, the said spring-shaft rotates drawing the end of the bed-frame attached
thereto upward as in Figure 3, and the free end of said frame is free to fall
down on to the below described supporting devices on the outer side of the opposite
locker.
Four metallic bracket cases, 26, are located in the outer side of the locker, 4, as
shown in Figure 1, in each of which cases is pivoted a metallic bracket, 25, which
when turned up and shut into said case is in the same plane as the face of the latter,
and the case and bracket make a smooth finish on the locker. The inner side of the
bracket, 25, has two rising borders between which the ends of the upper bed-frame
lie, as shown in Figures 3 and 8, whereby said frame is held against lateral motion.
The said bracket, 25, has a short arm extending beyond its pivot-point, on which
is fixed a post and roller, 27, and a pivoted tongue, 28, hung on the inside of said
case, 26, has a spring, 29, attached to said case, bearing against it and forcing it
against said roller and stud, whereby when the free end of the bracket is swung a
short distance away from case, 26, carrying said roller and stud above the pivot-
point of the bracket, the action of spring, 29, causes the latter to swing down at
right angles to case, 26, bringing its rear short arm under a projection 30, on the
inside of the case, and thereby the bracket is held rigidly in the position shown in
Figure 9, forming (two of them) an ample support for one end of the upper bed-
frame.
To provide for a positive engagement of the side rails of the bed-frame with said
brackets, the latter have the stud, 132, formed thereon, which enters a hole in said
rails (see Figures 8, 9 and 10) when the latter lie on the brackets.
To hold the said bed-frame, 18, in position on said bracket 25, and prevent the bed
from swinging out of place by any accident a self-acting stop, 31, is pivoted in said
bracket-case 26, against which the bracket, when shut, swings, bringing it to the
position shown in Figure 10, but when the bracket is swung down, the spring 32,
behind said stop swings its lower end out beyond the face of the case 26, and when

page_text: the end of the bed-frame rail swings down against the upper curved side of said stop,
the latter swings inward letting the rail pass by it, but immediately it swings out
again over the end of the rail and thus prevents the latter from being lifted
inadvertently off from the bracket. When the upper and lower bed-frames are
swung up into the locker as shown in Figure 4, each is held in that position by
pivoted latches shown at the upper end of the locker in Figures 3 and 4. The free
end of the lower bed-frame when the latter is swung to a horizontal position as in
Figure 2, rests on said brackets, 25, near the lower end of the opposite locker.
The aforesaid end of the upper bed-frame which is connected to the said metallic
bands which are rolled around the drums on shaft, 24, is when raised to the position
shown in Figure 3, held up rigidly by two spring-catches 33, Figure 6, each of which
is pivoted in a case, 34, and the latter is fixed in the narrow sides of the locker as
shown. A flat spring (shown in dotted lines in Figure 6) is placed in case 34, behind
the catch 33, and the free end of the latter swings inward when the bed-frame moves
up past it, and said spring then throws said free end under the frame thereby holding
the latter up.
A hinged shelf, 35, is hung on the side of the car above each window, which is
dropped down when the sleeping compartment is occupied and serves as a receptacle
for objects belonging to the occupants thereof.
It is obvious that before the bed-lockers can be swung outward from their position
against the side of the car, and have the beds arranged in the compartments forined
therebetween, as above described, that the chairs, 6, shown in Figure 1, must occupy
some other position than that there shown, which is in practice, the usual one near to
the side of the car and the windows, otherwise the lockers, or at least only one of the
required two can be opened and therefore, to the end that comfortable revolving arm-
chairs as shown, may be available in a sleeping car for day use, instead of the stiff
seats in common use in such cars, the chairs herein shown are constructed and attached
to the floor of the car as below described.
The chair, 6, is made with a seat-frame 36, to receive the cushion, and having on its
rear side two upturned short arms, 37, in the ends of each of which is a socket to
receive a curved hook (shown in dotted lines in Figure 1 and in full lines in Figure 2)
on the lower end of the back-frame 38, said hooks engaging with a perforated metal
plate fixed on the end of arm 37. To connect said back-frame to the seat-frame, the
former is held inclined over the chair-seat with said hooks over the holes in the ends
of arms 37, and is then raised to the position shown in Figure 1, thereby hooking the
back and seat together. The arms 39 of the chair, made preferably of metal, are pro-
vided with the usual cushions and are pivoted on opposite sides of the back frame 38
and the armposts 40 also of metal are pivoted on the opposite sides of the soat-frame 36
under said arms the latter being capable of being swung upward on the sides of the
back-frame as shown in Figures 1 and 12, and the arm-posts being capable of being
swung down at the sides of the seat frame as shown in Figure 2. The underside of
the arm 39 is provided with a bolt (not shown in the drawing) to engage with the end
of the post 40 and lock the arm and the latter together.
The seat-frame of the chair has the metallic socket 41 secured centrally to its under
side in the sides of which is a series of pinholes 42. A hollow post 43 has its upper
end fitting into said socket 41 and extending upward against a shoulder therein, and
the end of said socket hears against a like shoulder on said post, as shown in Figure 11,
and the latter is provided with a series of pin-holes through its sides corresponding
with those above referred to, in said socket. A pin, shown suspended to a chain
under the chair is adapted to be put through any of the coinciding holes in the socket
and post to lock them together and prevent the rotation of the socket on the post when
desired, as below described.
The said hollow post 43 has the interior thereof at its lower end, screw-threaded,
and has an annular groove around its outside opposite said screwed portion thereof.
A metallic cylinder 44 having a flange around its upper end is let into the floor 3,
of the car said flange bearing on the floor, and the lower end 45 of said cylinder has
thereon a screw-threaded post 46, standing upright and reaching quite or nearly to

page_text: the upper end of said cylinder. A bolt 47 having a spring behind it, as shown in
Figure 11, is placed in said flange on the cylinder 44 and is held by its spring in
engagement with said groove in the outside of the hollow post 43.
The operation of changing said chair from the position and form shown in Figure 1
to that shown in Figure 2, whereby it is so arranged as to present no obstruction to
the desired arrangement of the lockers whereby a sleeping or other compartment is
provided in the car, is as follows:-
The arms of the chair are unbolted from the posts 40, and swung up beside the
back-frame 38, and the latter is then swung forward and unhooked from the short
arms 37, on the seat-frame and removed from the latter. The said posts are then
swung down on the sides of the seat-frame as shown in Figure 2, the bolt 47, in the
cylinder flange is withdrawn from the groove in the hollow post 43, the pin under the
chair is put into one of the holes in the said post and socket, and then by turning
the seat frame and the post 43 the latter is screwed downward on post 46, lowering
the chair seat down to the position shown in Figure 2, and then the back of the chair
is laid on to the seat as there shown, the entire chair parts when so arranged, being of
less height from the floor than the under side of the lower bed in the compartment,
and permitting the latter to be properly arranged therein as shown.
When the car is changed from a sleeping to a parlor car for day use the beds and
lockers are returned to the positions indicated in Figure 1, the back of the chair is
removed from its recumbent, position on the chair-seat, and the latter is turned as
before except in a reverse direction, thereby elevating said seat, and as the hollow
post 43 moves upward the end of bolt 47 is by its spring held against its side, but
when the end of the bolt encounters the outwardly curved collar on the post above
said annular groove therein, the bolt is crowded back and so remains until said groove
comes up opposite the end of the bolt, when the latter engages in said groove, thereby
stopping the further upward movement of said hollow post and the chair-seat. The
pin locking the socket 41 and hollow post 43 one to the other is then removed and the
back is attached to the seat-frame as before, and the chair is then ready for use and has
a free revolving motion on the hollow post 43.
When it is found desirable to convert said chairs into a convenient sofa for the use
of an invalid or otherwise, two thereof are turned side to side, as shown in Figure 12,
the adjoining arms and their posts are swung respectively, to the side of the back
frame and the seat frame as in said Figure, and an upholstered platform 48 is placed
between the two chairs resting on the upper side of the adjoining seat-franies, as
shown. A cushion 49, if need be, is placed against one of the chair arms, and a
convenient and easy sofa or couch is thereby formed.
The compartment formed by the two lockers above described when swung at right
angles to the side of the car, and having a curtain hanging in front thereof as above
set forth, may be conveniently used as a private day compartment by letting the beds
remain secured in one of the lockers in the position shown in Figure 4 and by leaving
two chairs in the compartment arranged as shown in Figures 12 and 1, or, if preferred,
the said chairs may be removed entirely by screwing the hollow post out of, and remov-
ing it from the cylinder 44 and screw post 46, and placing any other convenient chairs
or seats in the said compartment.
In practice, both sides of the sleeping car are fitted with bed-lockers 4, and the
above described appurtenances and chairs substantially as shown, whereby a series of
day or sleeping compartments is provided on opposite sides, leaving the usual passage
between them.
My invention also embodies a novel arrangement of the curtains covering the fronts
of the berth sections when in use at night-time, whereby greater privacy is secured to
the different occupants of the upper and lower berths.
The improvement is shown clearly in Figures 13 and 14 and consists essentially in
providing the upper berth with a pair of curtains X X' which do not of necessity
extend to the floor of the car, but only a sufficient distance below the bed-frame 19 as
to properly enclose the upper berth. These curtains are provided at their top edges
with hooks x, x, of any suitable kind, which catch upon the bar 15 before described.

page_text: Upon the insides and near their bottom edges these curtains have a series of small
loops attached thereto, so that when a whole section, consisting of upper and
lower berths, is occupied by one party, the hooks y y with which the lower curtains Y Y'
are provided will be inserted in these loops and one continuous curtain thus be
provided which will stretch from the bar 15 down to the floor, as seen in Figure 14.
When it is desired to seclude the lower berth from the occupant of the upper
division, the hooks y, y, of the lower curtain are simply hooked on to the side
frame 19 of the upper berth, or on to a special rod which may be provided for the
purpose.
My ventilating apparatus shown in Figure 15 of the drawings, relates to that class
of Car Ventilators which provide for the drawing of air from the exterior into the car,
purifying same, and then distributing it through registers to different parts, and my
improvements have for their object to simplify and cheapen the construction and
arrangement of the ventilator, and to improve its operation without necessitating the
provision of a large separate compartment to contain the apparatus.
In other car ventilators arranged according to the system first mentioned, ice boxes
or refrigerators and water pans have been made an essential, while by my invention
no such medium is needed, and in every case the apparatus is the same whether used
in winter to supply pure warm air to the car, or in summer to replace the vitiated air
with a fresh purified supply from the outside.
To this end my improvement consists in the arrangement within the compartment
allotted to the heater, of a box or chamber to which is connected a pipe leading to the
exterior of the car and provided with a hood or funnel mouth, said box or chamber
having a grating about midway therein, upon which will rest sponges or other air
filtering medium, a door or damper being provided if desired, at or near the bottom,
in the side or wall of this box or compartment, to correspond with an opening or
passage way leading into another chamber formed around the smoke pipe or upper
part of the heater; this chamber being in communication with a vertical conduit,
(containing a damper if desired, and, in some cases, the pipes connected with the
water tank,) which conduit connects at its lower end with the box running along the
car in the angle of the floor and side walls containing the heating pipes.
In Figure 15, A indicates the main body of the car B the ordinary heater chamber,
and B' the partition dividing same.
Crepresents the stove or heater of any usual type, having a smoke pipe or flue C¹
extending up through the roof of the car D showing part of the water tank and
d' d the hot water pipes connecting the tank and heater and passing through the
box E around the sides of the car in the ordinary manner, e, showing one of the
registers or grated openings in said box.
Frepresents any suitable hood, or funnel, located by preference on the car roof
(although it may be at the side or end if found desirable) and either made with double
flaring mouths as shown, or adapted to turn on a swivel so as to adapt itself to which-
ever direction the car may be moving in; and is a pipe leading from said hood to
the interior of a box or chamber G formed in, or partitioned off from the heater
chamber B. About midway in this box or chamber G I place a shallow platform or
box H, having a grated or perforated bottom h upon which I place dampened
sponges K or other suitable air filtering medium.
---
L is a hinged damper (or slide, if preferred) arranged to be adjusted by a handle
projecting through the side of the box, or in any other suitable way, - said damper
being, by preference, located near the bottom of the box G to correspond with an
opening g, in the wall G dividing it from another chamber M formed around the
smoke pipe (or upper part of the heater.
This chamber M has connected to it a pipe or conduit N leading down to and
forming a close junction with the box E containing the heating pipes d' d².
At this point where these pipes enter the conduit N close joints must be formed.
The box or chamber G will have a suitable door, not shown in the drawing, and
the conduit N may also have a damper n, as shown in dotted lines, if found
desirable.

page_text: Although in the drawing (Figure 15) I have shown the different chambers formed
with metal sheeted boards, it will be understood that the whole apparatus may be
constructed of sheet metal of suitable weight, and the different joints formed by
soldering, or rivetting; the shape and precise arrangement of the chambers and
conduit within the heater-compartment being also immaterial.
The external air forcibly enters the hood F as the car is travelling, and passes
through the pipe finto the box in chamber G, being cleansed and purified from dust,
cinders, gases, &c., by its filtration through the sponges or other medium upon the
grating, passing thence (the damper L being opened) into the chamber M, and if
there is a fire in the heater C, will be warmed by the heat radiated from the smoke
pipe C before entering the conduit N from which it passes into the box E, and, by
means of the different gratings or registers e is disseminated throughout the car.
The vitiated air in the car, passes off, as usual through ventilators O placed in the
upper part of the side walls.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
claim is
1. A sleeping car having a series of recesses 5 in its inner side-walls and a series of
hollow bed lockers hinged to said side walls at one side of said recesses and shutting
over the latter substantially as set forth.
2. As means for supporting the bed-locker when it is opened the leg 9 hinged to
the lower end of the latter, having therein the centre bolt 12 and the screw coupling 11
on its lower end combined with the screw-plate 10, secured to the floor of the car
which serves as a step for said bolt and with which said coupling engages, substantially
as set forth.
3. The two lockers hinged to the side of the car in vertical positions, and con-
stituting when opened the ends of the sleeping compartment, and the bar, 15, pivoted
to one of said lockers and having a book on its free end engaging with a suitable bolt
on the opposite locker, said bar constituting both a brace for holding the lockers firmly
in an open position and a curtain rod, combined and operating substantially as set
forth.
4. The case 17 secured on the side of the locker the catch 16 pivoted in said case
and having a suitable spring thereunder, and the rod 15 hung on said locker and
having its free end engaging with said catch, all combined as set forth.
5. The upper bed-frame, having wide headed bolts in the ends of the side rails at
one end of the frame, the bed-locker having grooves 23, in the inner opposite sides
thereof in which the heads of said bolts engage and have a sliding motion and the
spring actuated shaft 24 having a winding drum thereon near each end, and a metallic
ribbon for each drum connected to the latter and to the end of said bed-frame,
combined and operating substantially as set forth.
6. The combination with the bed-lockers 4, of a sleeping car, of bed-frames therefor
supported only by their ends on said lockers, consisting of the wooden side-rails 19,
reinforced by the longitudinal metal-plate 20 secured on the side of each rail, the
series of metal cross slats 21 and longitudinal bars 22 near each end of the frame, and
the canvas centre 230 secured to the two inner cross slats 21 of the frame substantially
as set forth.
7. In combination, the locker 4 having the slots 23 in the sides thereof the upper
bed frame having one end pivoted to and sliding in engagement with said slots, the
lower bed-frame pivoted to the inner opposite sides of the locker between said grooves
and the edges of the locker and swinging into the latter outside of the upper bed-
frame, and means substantially as described for temporarily securing the upper ends
of said frames in the locker substantially as set forth.
8. The bracket-cases 26 secured in the outer side of the locker, and each provided
with a pivoted bracket 25 to swing outwardly from and into said case, a spring-
actuated stop 31, also pivoted in said case above said bracket, a tongue 28 pivoted in
said case behind said bracket and bearing on the rear end of the latter, and a
spring 29 acting against said tongue combined and operating substantially as set forth.

page_text: 9. In combination, the bracket case 26 the bracket 25, pivoted in the latter, and
having the stud 132, and the post and roller 27, thereon, the spring-actuated
tongue 28, pivoted in said case back of said bracket and bearing against said roller
and the spring-actuated stop 31, pivoted in said case above said bracket substantially
as set forth.
10. The combination with the locker 4 and the upper bed frame, of the case 34,
fixed in the side of the locker, and the spring-actuated catch 33, pivoted in said case,
substantially as set forth.
11. The bed-lockers of a sleeping-car hinged to the side thereof in a vertical
position and constituting the ends of the sleeping compartment in which bed-frames
are supported one above the other extending between said lockers, a chair or chairs
fixed on the floor of the car near said lockers having a back capable of being turned
from an upright, to a horizontal position on the seat thereof, combined with a screw-
threaded post fixed within a cylinder in the floor of the car, and a hollow post attached
to the seat-frames of the chair and screwing on to said post in the car-floor, whereby
by turning said frame the latter and the chair parts are lowered below the level of the
lower one of said bed-frames substantially as set forth.
12. As means for forming a sofa or couch in the car, or within the sleeping
compartment formed by the lockers 4 two of the chairs 6 each having pivoted arms 39
and posts 40 thereon, swinging respectively, on the back and on the seat-frames of
said chairs combined with an upholstered platform 48 placed between said two chairs
and resting on the seat-frames thereof substantially as set forth.
13. A series of bed-lockers hinged to the sideof a car and swinging at right angles
thereto to form the ends of a sleeping compartiment, a bed-frame or frames supported
between said lockers combined with a chair or chairs connected to the floor of the car
near said lockers and capable by means substantially as described, of being folded and
lowered down without being removed from their positions on the floor, to permit the
said bed-frame to be extended from locker to locker over said chairs substantially as
set forth.
14. The leg 9 hinged to the lower end of the bed-locker, having therein the central
bolt 12 combined with the screw plate 10 secured on the floor of the car which serves
as a step for said bolt substantially as set forth.
for
15. The curtain arrangement herein described consisting of separate curtains X X¹
upper berth suspended from bar 15, and curtains Y Y for lower berth, suspended
from side frame 19 substantially as described.
16. The combination with the curtains X X' having loops, ³, of curtains Y Y¹
having hooks y, y, for the purpose described.
17. A car ventilating apparatus consisting, essentially, of a box or chamber to
which air is admitted from the exterior of the car and containing an air filtering
medium, a compartiment connected therewith and surrounding the smoke pipe of the
car-heater, and a conduit leading from said compartment to a box containing the
heating pipes and having registers opening into the body of the car substantially as
and for the purpose specified.
18. In a car ventilating apparatus, the combination with the heater C and box E
having registers e within the car, of the air pipe F, box or chamber G having grating g
and an air filtering medium thereon, damper L, chamber M and conduit N substantially
as and for the purpose set forth.
Dated this 10th day of October 1887
CARPMAEL & Co.,
Agents for the Applicant.