IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR DEFING SULE COTTON OR WOOL IN HAWKS OR SKEINS OR WOVEN FABRICS."
Year: 1856

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Jacques Felix Deshayes, of Paris, in the Empire
of France, Dyer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR
DEFING SULE COTTON OR WOOL IN HAWKS OR SKEINS OR WOVEN FABRICS."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Jacques Felix Deshayes
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
18th October 1856.
I, JACQUES FELIX DESHAYES, of Paris, in the Empire of France, Dyer,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY FOR DYEING SILK, COTTON, OR WOOL IN HANKS OR SKEINS, OR WOVEN
FABRICS," to be as follows:-
My improved apparatus or machinery used in dyeing consists of a series of
rollers or carriers on which the materials to be dyed are suspended. These
carriers are placed transversely across the vat or bath containing the dye, &
receive rotary motion each on its own axis, but each alternate roller rotates
in opposite directions, and are driven by endless chains, one on either side of
the vat, actuated by suitable gearing in connection therewith. The rollers or
carriers are fitted in bearings on a frame which is mounted on upright rods or
racks, whereby the whole series of carriers can be raised up from or brought
closer down into the vat. The materials, if consisting of hanks or endless

page_text: webs, are simply suspended by the double at one end on the carriers, while
the length of the hank depends therefrom with the lower double and any
desirable portion of the pendant part immersed in the dyeing liquid. These
rollers or carriers are not round but of a triangular form in their cross section,
or any other form that will carry round the materials hanging on them and
under operation. By this means the endless ring or hank is progressively
and systematically immersed in the dyeing liquid, whereby great uniformity
of colour even in the most delicate hues. is obtained. When woven fabrics
are to be dyed by this machine it is simply necessary to form them into an
endless web, in which form they may be suspended on the rollers or carriers
and manipulated as before mentioned with reference to hanks or skeins.
Another part of my improvements consist in the use of cylinders covered
with india-rubber, through which the skeins or other substances dyed in the
vat are passed for the purpose of expressing the excess of colouring matter
taken up from the vat in dyeing, the liquid so expressed running back into
the vat.
The pressure the rollers exert on the dyed materials is regulated by levers,
weighted or otherwise, acting on the moveable bearings of the cylinders. The
pressure exerted is so regulated as not to injure or displace the fibres of the
material under operation.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Jacques Felix Deshayes in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 17th April 1857.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JACQUES
FELIX DESHAYES, of Paris, in the Empire of France, Dyer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Eighteenth day of October, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-six, in the twentieth year of Her reign,
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said
Jacques Felix Deshayes, Her special licence that I, the said Jacques
Felix Deshayes, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others
as I, the said Jacques Felix Deshayes, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time
and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and
lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of
Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention

page_text: for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR DYEING SILK, COTTON, OR WOOL IN HANKS:
OR SKEINS, OR WOVEN FABRICS," upon the condition (amongst others) that I,.
the said Jacques Felix Deshayes, my executors or administrators, by an instru-
ment in writing under or their, or one of their hands and seals, should
particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in
what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed
in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and imme-
diately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Jacques Felix Deshayes, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is
to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement, reference being had to the Sheet of Drawings hereunto
annexed, and to the letters and figures marked thereon (that is to say):-
My Invention has for its object, 1st, to economise or reduce the hand labour
required in dyeing textile materials while in the vats.
2ndly, to give to each yarn or staple, and consequently to every hank of
textile material, the same degree of colouring and the same shade, (that is to
say), the same amount of colour or dyeing.
3rdly, to economise the colouring matter used, by collecting by a simple
means in the same apparatus the excess of dyeing liquids carried away by
the hanks when withdrawn from the dye vats.
4thly, to avoid any alteration whatever in the fibres of the textile material
forming the hank in the operation of withdrawing the colouring liquid, which
is obtained by means of a single apparatus, of less cost than the apparatus
heretofore used, for extracting the excess of colouring liquid from the hanks
of textile material.
5thly, to enable any person whatever to perform the operation of dyeing
hanks or skeins, and to obtain with certainty all the most delicate tints or
shades of colours hitherto the most difficult to produce, it being only a question
(with my apparatus) of mechanical manipulation or handling, which is directed
ווי

page_text: à sheet or coating insusceptible to the chemical affinities of the bath of
colouring matters. This vat is of a size according to the quantity of banks
to be dyed. B, moveable frame, of the same size as the vat, and resting
on its edges; one of the ends of this frame carries a double system of
toothed gearing. C, pinion, fixed upon an axis C' mounted on the frame B;
D, toothed wheel, put in motion by the pinion C; E, transverse shaft, upon
which the wheel D is mounted; F, pinion mounted upon the shaft E;
G, another pinion, gearing with the pinion E and mounted upon the shaft G';
H, winch handle on the shaft C', giving the motion to the system of wheelwork
and axes C, D, F, G, G; I, I', two toothed wheels, mounted one on the axis E
the other on the axis G'; these axes, in consequence of the size of the toothed
wheels, perform the same number of revolutions; J, J', two other toothed
wheels, mounted at the other end of the vat on a shaft, fitted and turning in
bearings in the moveable frame; K, K', two endless chains.extending on each
side, gearing with and put in motion by the wheels I, J, and I', J'; L, L; L, L,
supports of the banks of textile material; they are pieces of wood of a trian-
gular section, rounded one on face and placed at equal distances from each
other; they are supported in notch bearings formed in the frame B. M, M;
M, M, pinions, fixed on each shaft of the bank supporters L, and put. in
motion: by endless chains K and K'; one pinion gears with the chain K on
the right side, the next pinion in succession gears in the chain K' on the.left;
and so on alternately, and so turning them in opposite directions. .M', M',
M', M', four racks, fixed two and two on each side of the frame; N, N, N;
guides of the racks M', fixed to the vat A to correspond with the position of
the racks M'. The front part of the apparatus, best seen at Fig. 3, is the
mechanism now to be described; on the other end of the vat is the drying. or
squeezing apparatus, herein-after to be described. O is a shaft turning .on
bearings O', O'; P, P', two bevilled pinions fixed on the shaft O; Q, Q, two
bevilled wheels gearing with the two pinions P and P'; R, R', longitudinal
shafts supporting the wheels Q' and Q'; S, S, S', S; four pinions, placed two
and two on each side of the vat A, mounted on the longitudinal shafts R, R';
these pinions gear with and put in motion the racks M', M', M', M'. T,T,
two ratchet wheels mounted one on each of the shafts R, R'; U, U two
palls gearing with the wheels T and T'; V, V', two springs pressing on the
palls U, U', the support of which moves in slide V"; X, X', two levers work-
ing the ratchets U, U'; Z, vertical land lever, oscillating round the point Z
and jointed to the levers X, X' which it works during its movements.
J
a, a, break formed with two transverse shafts placed in front of the shaft O';
These two shafts turn in, and are united by two tie pieces a', a. The upper

page_text: part has two parts a", a", which may press on the shaft O, and which when so
pressing against it act as a break. b, b, b, three armed levers. The lower
arm is jointed to the lever X, the two other arms are jointed, the first to one
of the parts a", the other to a part similar to a" on the second shaft a. c, c',
supports fixed to the vat A, carrying the bearings of the tie pieces a', a';
d, fixed stop piece, having a notch to limit the course of the lever Z; e, spring
catch, having a notch to lodge and fix the lever Z; f, f, two vertical standards
united together by two cross bars f', f'; these two cross ties slide on two
pieces f",f", supported by the vat A, so that the frame f, f, may be fixed to
and be withdrawn (by a sliding motion) from the sides of the vat A to be
adjusted on another vat. 9, 9, cylinder of wood or metal, having a covering
or sheath of india-rubber; it has throughout its length a groove g', g', trans-
versely of a triangular section suited to receive the hank carriers L; it has also
collars g", 9", placed on the same side; it turns in the supports f, f. h, toothed
wheel, actuating the cylinder g, and fixed on the same axis; i, pinion acting on
the wheel h, rotating on the axis i; j, wheel mounted on the axis '; K, pinion
taking into and acting on the wheel j; K, crank bandle putting in motion the
gearing just described, which gearing is carried on one of the standards f, and
on support K", fixed to the same standard; 1, cylinder of wood or metal covered
with coating of india-rubber. This cylinder is mounted on the axis K""; it
turns in two moveable bearings lodged inside, the standards f, f. These
moveable bearings permit its advance towards the large cylinder g or of its
receding therefrom. m, m, two rods acting on and producing the vertical up or
down motions of the moveable bearings of the cylinder l; n, n, two jointed levers
oscillating round the fixed points n', n'; o, o, two jointed connecting rods
acting on the levers n, n; p, p, two other levers, provided with notches, oscil-
lating round a fixed point p'. The whole system of levers above described
m, n, o, p, is supported by a cross bar. q fixed to, the standards f, f. o', inclined
trestle frame with three sides; the two extremities rest on the ends of the
cylinder. p", p. double supports, jointed to the trestle o'; by their joints
p", q', and q", they permit the frame the fold up, and to occupy less space.
p" is the thumb screw which fixes the, whole in an immoveable position.
r, trough placed under the cylinder g; it serves to receive the dyeing liquid
which escapes from the hanks; 8, india-rubber tube adjusted to the trough r
and reaching to the bottom of the vat A; t, (Fig. 2,) perforated board or
metallic grating;. unattackable by the coloring matter, it slides, under, the
frame B & rests on the edges of the vat A; it prevents the banks from
falling again into the vat when the frame B is lowered.

page_text: Having thus explained all the parts of the machine, I will proceed to the
description of its working.
The bath of the dyeing matters being prepared is put into the vat A; the
frame B is lifted all the height of the hanks by means of the system of gear
o, p, p, q, r, r', s, s', m, m', and it is maintained in this fixed position by
disengaging the lever Z, which puts in gear the palls U and U' by means of
the springs V and V'. A certain number of hanks are threaded on each
support L. The supports are placed so that the first gears with the right
chain K, the second with the left chain K', and so on alternately to the last.
The frame B is lowered by replacing the spring lever Z in the notches of
the parts e, d, when the ratchet palls U and U' are put out of gear; the frame
then goes down, but by the same motion the break a, a, presses against the
shafts o to prevent the frame lowering itself too suddenly. The lowering of
the frame is regulated and adjusted to the required height, so that the whole
or a part of the hank is immersed in the bath. This is done when air is
necessary to the dyeing, or when it is wished to dye only the lower part of the
hanks. A jerking or jolting motion is then given to the crank handle II;
the system of geared wheels C, D, F, G, I, I, J, J', communicates the motion
to the two chains K, K'; these chains. impart rotary motion to the pinions
M, M, M, and consequently the supports L, L, which turn (each alternate
one) in contrary directions, which prevents the hanks from catching each other,
or their clinging & raising them together. The jerking motion is given in
order to keep the banks extended along the supports. If it is wished to dye
only a part of the hanks, the crank handle H has an alternating to-and-fro
motion of a certain extent, so that so much of the bank only is steeped in the
liquid as is required to be dyed. When the dyeing has been performed the
lever Z is disengaged, which releases the ratchet wheels T, T'; the frame B
is lifted by means of crank handle o" and wheel gear P, Q, S, S', M', M'.
When the hanks are out of the bath the metallic grating t is slid underneath
them, the lever Z is put out of gear, and the frame B is lowered slowly, being
held back by the break a, a, until it rests on the grating t; all the supports
L, L, are brought to the foot of the drying or squeezing apparatus. The
wood carriers with the hanks on them are now placed one by one in the grooves
g', g', with the hanks upon them, and so that they will be carried through
between the squeezing rollers t and g. When put in motion by the handle ',
as described, the pinions M, M, are received in the grooved recesses g″, g".
By turning the crank k' the wheels h, i, j, k, put in motion the cylinders
g and l, which carry round the hanks and compress them, the excess of dyeing

page_text: liquid falls into the trough r, and thence goes to the bottom of the vat A by
the tube S of india-rubber or other substance. When compressed, that is to
say, when a complete rotation of the pressing roller has taken place, the
engaged support L passes down by its own weight on to the inclined tressle o¹,
which is held rigid by its jointed levers and the thumb screw p"
A further improvement in this dyeing apparatus consists in a means of
sinking the hanks in the dyeing liquid when it is made to boil, and also in
arranging the weighted levers, which press against the drying or expressing
cylinders, to act laterally, so that they occupy less space, and render the
apparatus more portable. This latter improvement is not represented, but
being simple will be readily understood. With reference to sinking the textile
materials in the vats, it is represented in the Drawing hereunto annexed, in
which Fig. 4 a sectional elevation of the vat; and Fig. 5, a plan of the same
on a reduced scale. All the details for communicating the movements are
omitted, the additional improvements only being seen.
The frame B is provided at each of its four angles with four vertical
standards 1, 2, 3 and 4 (one at each corner of the frame B), each having two
joints 5, 6, placed on opposite ends of the same standards. They fit close, and
bear against the internal sides of the vat A, so that notwithstanding their
joints they keep in a vertical position. Below, these standards, extending
longitudinally in the vat, are two bars 7, 7, fixed to the lower part of the
standards; slots 8, 8, serve by means of a bolt 9 to regulate the frame B, B,
at various heights on the standards. Under the supports 7 are fixed wood
rollers 10, which pass through the. lower double of the hanks, and prevent
their rising to the surface of the bath. When the operation of dyeing is
finished, the frame, the hanks, and all the parts which I have just mentioned"
are raised by means of the racks M', M'; the grating is slid, as before,
described, on the vat, the frame is then lowered, the standards of, which
(1, 2, 3, and 4,) fold by themselves at the joints, and the parts rest on the
grating.
My improved apparatus is applicable to dyeing woven fabrics, which may be
suspended over the carriers L, L, and submitted to the action of the dyeing.
liquid by their motion, as before described; the woven fabrics being either
arranged in the form of an endless hank, web, or otherwise, as found most
suited to the purpose required.
Having described the nature of my Invention, and the manner in which it
is performed, I declare that what I claim as my Invention is, the arrangement
of mechanical parts herein-before described, and represented in the Drawings

page_text: hereunto annexed, serving to perform mechanically the operations for dyeing
textile materials, which apparatus is characterised,
First, by the alternate contrary motion of the hank bearers L, L.
Secondly, by the vertical motion of the frame B, which permits the access
of air to the hank during the operation of dyeing, or of dyeing it only in part,
'if desired.
Thirdly, the break which regulates the lowering of the frame B.
Fourthly, by the arrangement of the dryer which expresses the superfluous
dyeing fluid from the materials dyed.
And, fifthly, the means of preventing the banks rising to the surface, as
described with reference to Figures 4 and 5.
In witness whereof, I, Jacques Felix Deshayes, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Sixteenth day of April, One thousand eight
hundred and fifty-seven.
J. F. DESHAYES. (L.S.)