Improvements in Furnaces for Burning and Heating.
Year: 1898

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Furnaces for Burning and Heating.
We, HORACE STRINGFELLOW GARR and CAL FILMORE HUNTER, both of Los
Angeles, County of Los Angeles, California, United States of America, Inventors,
do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows;-
The object of this invention is to provide a furnace in which fuel such as
garbage can be burnt, and the heat generated, be used for heating or other
purposes to which it may be conveniently applied.
The invention comprises a suitable outer casing of iron, bricks or other suit-
able substance, having an enclosed grate or furnace at one end, and a smoke shaft
at the other end. The space between the grate and the smoke shaft, has its
more hollow chambers of triangular,
greater part occupied by one, two, or
octangular, or other suitably shaped section to obtain a large surface and to be
capable of being compactly arranged side by side with a central space between
them to form a heating or incinerating chamber. Each chamber is provided
with an opening into the grate chamber and the smoke shaft, at their opposite
ends respectively. The heating or incinerating chamber is provided with a
suitable air-inlet aperture.
1000
R. RAINSFORD,
Agent for Applicants.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Furnaces for Burning and Heating.
We, HORACE STRING FELLOW GARR and CAL FILMORE HUNTER, both of Los
Angeles, County of Los Angeles, California, United States of America, Inventors,
do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is
to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement:―
The main object of our invention is to provide a very simple device for burn-
ing smoke and economising fuel, and which device is applicable for cooking &
heating stoves, for crematories, bake-ovens, steam-boilers, and water-heaters, and
other uses pertaining to burning and heating.
One object of our invention is to provide simpler and better means for pro-
ducing complete combustion, doing away with deposits of sont and entirely con-
suming the fuel used.

page_text: Our invention is also applicable for burning oil, wood, coal, and other fuel.
(If oil is burned a suitable oil burning appliance should be used.)
Our invention comprises a stove or furnace provided with a combustion cham-
ber consisting of a hollow triangular prism.
Our invention also comprises the combination of a fire-box having an air inlet,
a hollow triangular prism communicating with the rear end of said fire box
through a contracted opening in the front end of the prism and having a suitable
outlet for the products of combustion at the rear end of the prism, and an air
inlet into the prism at the front end.
...
Our invention includes a furnace having between its fire-box and chimney a
combustion chamber which consists of a hollow triangular prism provided at
each of its ends with a centrally arranged circular opening inscribed within a
triangle which is approximately one-fourth the cross sectional area of such
prism, and which openings communicate respectively with the fire box and the
chimney.
An important object of my invention is to provide a simple contrivance which
will receive the products of partial combustion which result from the ignition
of fuel in the fire-box of the furnace, and cause an action and reaction of such
products, and admit air to the unconsumed products and mix and mingle them at
once so as to induce a complete transformation of such fuel into heat energy
and to apply such heat energy in great volume and with great intensity to the
object to be cooked or incinerated, and to do this with the greatest economy and
least expensive structure; also, to produce the greatest concentration of heat in
the oven where it may be desired to bake or incinerate various objects, as, for
example, in bakers' ovens, potters' furnaces and crematories.
I apply the heat to the oven or incinerating chamber from the combustion-
prisms which surround the oven or incinerating chamber at the sides thereof
and communicate with the fire-box at one end of the apparatus and with the
chimney at the other end of the apparatus and into which prisms the air is ad-
mitted and whereby an intense heat applied where required.
The accompanying drawings illustrate our invention in one mode of applying
it to a stove for heating and cooking purposes and also one mode of applying it
for crematories. The crematory illustrated is suitable for incineration of human
bodies. The insulating casing of brick or other suitable material, which will
be applied outside the enclosing prism, is not shewn. The same can be applied
without the exercise of any inventive faculty.
Figure 1 is a fragmental side elevation of a crematory embodying our inven-
tion, the insulating brick work being omitted and portions of the apparatus
being broken away to expose the interior structure. Fig. 2 is a fragmental
vertical section of our new crematory through the prisms and incinerating
chamber, looking towards the fire-box or furnace; line 2-3. Fig. 1, indicates
the line of section. Fig. 3 is a like section of the crematory, looking toward the
chimney, which leads from the prisms, and toward the door, which opens into
the oven or incinerating chamber. Fig. 4 is a fraginental front elevation of a
crematory, broken away in part to show interior structure.
Fig. 5 is a longitudinal vertical section of a heating or cooking stove in which
my invention is applied. Fig. 6 is a front elevation of the same, parts being
broken away to expose interior structure. Fig. 7 is a plan view of the stove.
Fig. 8 is a transverse section on line 8,-8, Fig. 5, cutting through the oven
and prism. Fig. 9 is a detail of the damper controlling the entrance of air into
the inlet between the fire-box and the auxiliary combustion chamber or prism.
A indicates the firebox in the crematory.
A
indicates the fire-box in the stove.
B, B, B indicate the prisms in the crematory and B indicates the prism
in the cooking stove. These constitute the auxiliary combustion chambers.
C indicates the chimney of the crematory, and C indicates the chimney, stove
pipe or other suitable outlet for the products of combustion from the stove.

page_text: In the crematory or other heating appliance in which we wish to concentrate
heat in an oven or heating or incinerating chamber we arrange three of the
triangular prisms in a triangular figure, so as to form between three of the faces
of said prisms, a chamber or space E leaving openings e between the adjacent
edges of the prisms.
F indicates an enclosing shell or case prism, which in case of the triangular
arrangement above set forth is preferably triangular in cross-section and incloses
the prisms in which the final combustion is to take place, leaving a heating
space G around the prisms inside of the walls of the enclosing prism.
H, HH, H indicate the inlets into the front ends of the combustion prisms
from the fire-box or furnace.
h, hh, h, indicate air inlets into the front end of the prism. In the draw-
ings we have shewn the air inlets entering into and through the inlets H H1
HHI, I indicate dampers for opening and closing these inlets.
In the crematory or bake oven shewn in Figs. 1 to 4 inclusive, J J indicate
pan or grate brackets or supports on the lower combustion prisms, and K indi-
cates a pan or grate for supporting the body or other object during incineration
or while being acted upon by the heat for baking or other purposes. In case
a grate is used, a pan K¹ at the bottom of the central chamber will catch any
ashes which may fall through.
Kindicates a door through which to withdraw the pan K.
The prisms are made of steel, iron or other suitable heat conducting material,
so that the heat is conducted through the same and radiated therefrom.
It might be found necessary in some instances where a very high degree of
heat is desired as, for instance in cremating human bodies that the prisms
may be made of fire-clay to withstand the intense heat.
L indicates supports and stays for the prisms in the crematory.
In the drawings we have shewn the enclosing prism or case of the crematory
then in cross section. It is to be understood that this thin case is to be bricked
in or otherwise insulated, so as to prevent the escape of heat. We propose to
make the space G between the combustion prisms and the inclosing prism or case,
about three inches across, but this may be increased or diminished as may be
found desirable. The purpose of this inclosing heat space around the prisms is
to allow the heat from the outer faces or sides of the prisms to be communi-
cated to the inner chamber. The entire chamber within the enclosing prism or
casing is tightly closed, no openings being provided thereto except the door
openings M and K which are hermetically closed when the crematory is in
operation, and two other small openings which we will describe.
M indicates a door for hermetically closing the entrance to the oven or incin-
erating chamber.
N indicates a small air-inlet into the oven, and O indicates a small fumes
outlet out of the oven into the upper combustion prism. In practice the air
inlet N allows the ingress of a small amount of air, and the outlet O allows the
egress into the upper prism of the fumes of the oven so that the fumes will be
carried into and will be consumed by the intense heat in the upper prism.
n indicates a damper to close the air-inlet N.
res-
In the crematory the air is admitted into the combustion prisms through the
pipes h, h, h, communicating with the outside atmosphere and leading
pectively to other pipes P, PI and P, which respectively surround and com-
municate with the inlets H, H, H", which communicate between the fire-box
and the combustion prisms respectively, so that the air is introduced into each
combustion prism through the inlet through which the products of combustion
from the fire-box enter into such combustion prisms so that the air is fed to the
unconsumed. products in the most effective manner to produce final and com-
plete combustion in the combustion prisms.
P, indicate inlets into the pipes or inlets etc. from the pipes P etc.
In practical operation there is produced in the central chamber E of the oven,
....

page_text: an intense concentration of heat upon the article placed in such chamber, so
that a rapid and complete incineration of any animal or vegetable combustible
placed therein will result.
In an ordinary cooking stove or bake oven one combustion prism B¹¹, as shewn
in Figs. 5 and 8 is sufficient for all practical purposes, and this we arrange at
the bottom of the oven, with one of the flat faces uppermost. We also provide
beneath and at the side of the fire-box auxiliary oven chambers 2, communi-
cating with the oven, so that all of the heat both of the first and partial combus-
tion in the fire-box and of the subsequent complete combustion in the prism will
be utilized for baking and other purposes. In the stove the top is formed of a
single sheet or plate 3 of metal, and cooking can be done on the same. Different
degrees of heat will be furnished by different parts of the plate; that over the
fire-box being the greatest and that over the auxiliary oven chamber the least.
We prefer to make the top of the stove over the fire-box and the auxiliary oven
chamber plain and flat and without openings for kettles. We prefer to use flat
bottomed utensils 4 to sit upon the stove. In addition to this we deem it advis-
able to use square utensils, as shewn in Fig. 7, for heating water, or the like
purposes, for the reason that the greater portion of the heating surface of the
top of the stove can thus be utilized.
The combustion prism B inside of the stove oven is arranged with one of its
flat sides uppermost, and the articles to be cooked can be placed directly upon
the prism or can be held up above by some suitable support.
Rindicates a deflecting plate within the oven above, and resting upon the
combustion prism to deflect the heat and prevent burning upon the bottom of
articles being baked and to provide for more uniform cooking.
$ indicates reflectors arranged at the top of the oven to reflect and deflect the
heat down upon the articles to be cooked. These have their counterpart in the
oblique inside faces of the inclosing prism of the crematory.
T indicates covers to be placed over utensils on the top of the stove while the
same are being heated. These covers are open at the bottom and fit upon the
top of the stove, thus to retain the heat and insulate the vessels from the outside
air.
U indicates a reservoir above the top of the oven for heating water.
V indicates a flue extending under the bottom of the water reservoir, between
it and the oven. This flue connects with the stove-pipe or chimney C¹.
Windicates a damper in the stove-pipe or chimney above the flue V to turn
the draught into the flue.
X indicates a series of prisms in the reservoir, extending from front to rear
and communicating with the flue V at its front end and with the stove-pipe or
chimney above the damper.
Y indicates a damper in the flue V.
When the damper W is open, the draught goes up the stove-pipe direct, and
when the damper Y open and W is closed it will cause the draught to pass
through the flue beneath the water reservoir and then through the prisms, thus
heating the water in the reservoir.
Z indicates a door at the ends of the prisms. We have only shown these appli
ances attached to the stove, but it is to be understood that they can be applied
to the device which is shewn as a crematory. The device shewn as a crematory
is adapted for baking etc., and when it is thus used the water heating appliance
would be a valuable adjunct.
In practical operation the fire is applied in the fire-box and the fuel ignited,
and the partially consumed products of combustion pass through the contracted
opening into the auxiliary combustion chamber, being mingled with air which
is admitted at the front end of such chamber. The newly admitted air and the
heated products of the partial combustion become thoroughly intermingled and
complete combustion ensues and the resultant products pass out through the
outlet at the other end of the combustion chamber, except that the greater por-

page_text: tion of the heat is radiated from the combustion chamber into the oven which
contains it. In the case of an oven having three combustion prisms, as shewn
in Figs. 1 to 4 inclusive, any degree of heat from moderate to a very intense
heat, depending upon the amount of fuel used, can be brought to act on any
object which may be upon the grate to heat, bake or consume it. In case of
cremating human bodies or other substances air will be admitted into the oven
through the air inlet N, so that the gasses will be carried up through the outlet
into the upper prism thereby being consumed.
7 indicates a hot air flue leading from the oven in the stove and controlled by
a damper 8. This is to serve as a vent, in case it is too hot in the oven; to let
the hot air out.
9 indicates a thermometer for indicating the temperature of the oven.
10 is a glass door to enable the cook to observe the processes of cooking tak-
ing place in the oven.
When the fire is burning in the fire-box, the draught passes through the con-
tracted inlet into the triangular combustion prism and on through such prism
and strikes against the end thereof and reverberates and eddies and then passes
out through the outlet at the other end, producing within the prism an eddying
and a reverberation of the contents of the prism.
The reverberation is violent, both endwise and transverse, and there is a more
thorough mixing of the air and we believe there is produced a more complete
and rapid and complete combustion than can otherwise be accomplished by use
of as simple means, and at the same time an intense heat is produced in the in-
cinerating chamber between the several combustion chambers where the body or
other object is placed.
It will be observed that the combustion chambers are arranged in such manner
in the oven or heating space that heat can radiate freely from each side of the
prisms, and that all this radiated heat can be made effective in heating the oven
or other heating chamber.
It must be understood that direct concentration of the heat at any one point
in the combustion chamber is highly objectionable and will result in only par-
tial combustion of the gasses passing through the chamber, since such gasses
expand when introduced into the chamber and cannot be confined to any special
portion of the chamber, so that if the heat is directly concentrated only a small
portion of the gasses, will be subjected to the concentrated rays and the greater
portion thereof will pass from the chamber unconsumed. Furthermore, as
shewn in Figs. 2 and 3, the arrangement of the three prism-shaped combustion
chambers produces a fourth combustion chamber of prism shape, in which the
body to be incinerated is centrally arranged and receives the full direct action
of the heat radiated from the opposing faces of the prism, as well as the indirect
action of the heat radiated from the other faces of such prism. In addition to
this; when the body which is to be incinerated is brought to excessively high tem-
perature and begins to exhale gasses, these gasses are consumed and tend to
produce still greater heat in the incinerating chamber, sufficient air to promote
combustion being admitted through the air-inlet N.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said in-
vention and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what
we claim is:-
(1) A stove or furnace provided with a combustion chamber consisting of a
hollow triangular prism.
(2) The combination of a fire-box having an air-inlet thereinto; a hollow
triangular combustion prism communicating with such fire-box through a con-
tracted opening in the end of the prism and having a suitable outlet for the pro-
ducts of combustion at the other end of the prism, and an air-inlet into the
prism at the front end thereof.

page_text: (3) In a burning and heating appliance, the triangular combustion prism,
provided with the contracted openings in its ends substantially as set forth.
(4) The combination of a fire-box having an air-inlet thereinto; the combus-
tion prisms respectively having an outlet at one end and communicating at the
other end with the fire-box and arranged side by side with a space between them
to form a heating or incinerating chamber; air-inlets into the prisms; and the
case enclosing the prisms.
1.
(5) The combination of a fire-box having an air-inlet thereinto; the three
triangular combustion prisms communicating with the fire-box, and arranged
with a space between them to form a heating or incinerating chamber and res-
pectively provided with an outlet for the products of combustion; an inclosing
case around such prisms; an air-inlet into the heating or incinerating chamber
and an opening communicating between such chamber and the upper combustion
prism....
11
(6) The combination of the fire-box having an air-inlet thereinto; the auxili-
ary combustion chambers communicating with the fire box and arranged with
space between them to form a heating or incinerating chamber and respectively
provided with an outlet for the products of combustion; an inclosing case around
such chambers; an air inlet into the heating or incinerating chamber; and an
opening communicating between such chamber and the upper combustion
chamber.
(7) A furnace having between its fire-box and chimney a combustion chamber
which consists of a hollow triangular prism provided in each of its ends with a
centrally arranged circular opening inscribed within a triangle which is approxi-
mately one fourth the cross-sectional area of such prism; and which openings
communicate respectively with the fire-box and chimney.
(8) A furnace provided with an incinerating chamber and having therein
between its fire-box and chimney three combustion chambers arranged in a tri-
angular figure and each consisting of a hollow triangular prism provided in its
ends respectively with a centrally arranged circular opening inscribed within a
triangle which is approximately one-fourth the cross sectional area of such
prism, and which openings communicate respectively with the fire-box and
chimney.