Year: 1888

page_text: We, CARL ZIPERNOWSKY and MAX DERI, both of Buda Pest, Hungary, Engineers,
do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
In an electrical installation with alternating current generators it is of the greatest
importance from an economical point of view to be able to utilise the motors,
electrical machines and apparatus for other purposes besides illuminating purposes,
for instance for driving stationery and moveable motors, actuating clocks, telegraph
apparatus and the like."
For most of these purposes it is advantageous to have, at the locality of
consumption, two or more alternating currents that are not synchronous (Figs. 1
and 2) as the electrical energy in the form of alternating currents can be easily
and suitably converted into mechanical or electrical energy of other forms, when
using two or more non-synchronous currents. At the same time, it must not be
lost sight of that the installation for electrical illumination must not be
disarranged by the other applications of the current and that these points of
consumption must remain perfectly independent, both of each other and of the
lighting installation, that is to say in other words, that it must be possible to
increase or decrease the number of points of consumption at will without changing
the functions of the other points. Of course, the proportion between the useful
effect and the power consumed, that is to say the effectiveness of the whole
installation, must remain as constant as possible within the widest limits of the
consumption of energy.
The present invention has for its object to comply with this condition in the
simplest and most practical manner.
Fig. 3 of the drawings shews an alternating current generator producing two
currents that are of a wave length in advance of each other, but for the conduction
of which three conductors, namely, two outgoing conductors and one return
conductor, suffice. As shewn, the number of induction bobbins is twice as great
as that of the field magnets, and the bobbins belong alternately to one current
system.

page_text: Fig. 4 shews, by way of example, how the two systems of bobbins are arranged.
The two machines may be considered as coupled in series and provided with a
middle conductor, or they may be considered as coupled parallel in one circuit,
while in the other circuit they remain separate, according as, at a certain moment
The current which i
the direction of the two currents is the same or opposite.
circulates in the middle circuit is composed of the two currents of the two bobbin
systems in the manner as shewn at Fig. 5, where a and b are the current waves in
the circuits a and Fig. 4 and c¹ the current wave in the circuit c.
1
Fig. 6 shews two generators as in Fig. 3 whose equal phased bobbin systems are
coupled parallel. If there are three times as many induction bobbins as field magnets
there will be three bobbin systems with three currents that are displaced of a wave
length alternatively to each other. The number of circuits in this case amounts
either to 3 x 2=6 or 3+1=4. If the number of the induction bobbins be n
times as great as that of the field magnets there will be a currents that are displaced
relatively to each other
The minimum number of circuits
length of wave.
2n
requisito in this case is n + 1, as shewn at Figs. 10 and 11, which indicate two
different methods of the connection of n bobbins with a relatively displaced currents.
In Fig. 10, the n outgoing conductors must be proportioned for one current each
and the common return conductor for n currents, while in Fig. 11 the first and
the last conductor are for one current each and all the intermediate conductors for
two currents each.
Fig. 12 shows an arrangement in which each current has a separate outgoing and
return conductor and consequently 2n conductors are required. A combination of
this method is shewn at Fig. 18, where the number of conductors falls between 2n
and +1. It is therefore clear that the number of conductors required for
Generators with a bobbin systems can,
n currents will vary between 2 and +1.
of course, again be connected in parallel in any desired number with their corre-
sponding bobbin systems. Another method for obtaining two or more currents that
are displaced relatively to each other as regards their phases is as follows:-Let
there be, for instance, two generators. each of which has as many induction hobbins
as electromagnets and that are rigidly connected with each other in such manner
that, when the electromagnets of the one generator are situated exactly opposite the
induction bobbins, the electromagnets of the other generator are situated in the
middle between two induction hobbins as shewn at Fig. 7. In this case each generator
has only one bobbin system which is connected with that of the other in the same
manner as the two bobbin systems of a generator in Figs. 3 and 4. For producing
n currents of which each one is displaced relatively to the preceding one by 2n
there must also be a generators that are connected together rigidly in such manner
that the electromagnets of each generator are displaced relatively to those of the
preceding one by and the angle between two contiguous electromagnets. The
requisite number of conductors varies again between 2n and n + 1 and several
groups of machines can be again coupled parallel. By means of a single generator
having only a single bobbin system, two currents can also be generated that are
displaced relatively to each other by an aliquot part of a wave length if the current
of the machine is divided into two branch currents of which the one passes
unchanged into the circuit while the other passes through a transformer so as to
produce, in the secondary coil thereof, an alternate current with displaced current waves.
This arrangement is shewn diagrammatically at Fig. 8, where S indicates the
indicated part of the generator and Ta transforiner.
22
1.
Fig. 9 shews a similar arrangement where S1 and S2 indicate either two bobbin
systems of one generator or all the bobbins of two generators. In this case the
current passes from $ direct into the circuit while that of S2 is displaced by
the transformer before it enters the circuit. The parallel coupling of the generators
may also be effected in this case as in the previous ones.

page_text: These generators give alternating currents of high tension that can be conducted
in various ways to alternating current transformers or to other current changing
apparatus. In this case, however, these transformers are grouped in secondary
distributing stations. In each group, the coupling of the primary and secondary
coils may be made indifferently according to the existing and requisite strength of
current and tension, but each group must always be branched off parallel from two
conductors which belong to one circuit. Several groups can receive currents of
displaced phases. In that case, thero are led from the transformer groups of from
n+1 to 2n conductors which form the secondary circuit, and of which the
consumption apparatus are also branched off parallel.
The stations of second order are rendered independent of each other by main-
taining as constant as possible the tension of the primary currents at the points
where they enter the secondary stations. For this purpose is. used the well known
control apparatus for current tensions, and, at the upper station, either the power of
the exciting magnets is altered or resistances are introduced into the respective
conductors to such an extent that the respective tensions shall always remain as far as
possible unchanged.
In order to have available in the secondary circuit different tensions, there are
employed transformers with different transposing proportions, or, where necessary,
the secondary station is divided into several bobbin groups which have their secondary
coils coupled in series in order to have different potential differences at the several
coil terminals.
It is also possible to produce in each secondary circuit different alternating
currents of equal or different tension with displaced current waves without branching
off from more than two conductors of the primary distribution.
This is effected by the aid of alternate current transformers, as shewn, by way of
example, at Figs. 16 and 17, so that the secondary current produced in the trans-
former or in the transformer group T, either branching as at Fig. 16 and passing on
the one one hand into the closing circuit and on the other hand into a second
transformer Tor, as at Fig. 17, passing undivided through the transformer T before
it passes into the closing circuit and consequently producing in T₁ a further current
with displaced current waves which is then passed into a closing circuit of its own.
In this case there may be used in place of the four conductors Fig. 16 only three
conductors, as at Fig. 17.
The two alternating currents V and V then have current waves which are relatively
displaced to the extent of an aliqot part of the wave length and according to the
transposing proportion of the transformer they may have either equal or different
current tensions.
Fig. 14 shews an electrical distribution arrangement in which two currents with
displaced phases pass from the principal station into a distributing strand (that is to
tay two outgoing and one return conductors) leading them into transformers.
C,
At.I only a single transformer is branched from a to c which supplies lamps.
A transformer T is fed from b
1 shews a secondary station for the motor M.
and another, T, from a and c. Both transformers deliver their currents (which,
of course, are displaced by wave length as in the primary currents) to a consumption
apparatus, for instance, a motor M which converts the electrical energy in any desired
manner into mechanical energy. Il shews two transformers that are coupled
parallel both primarily and secondarily. In IV the primary coils are coupled in series
the secondary parallel. In V the secondary contacts of three transformers are so
VI shews
connected that in the local net work there are three kinds of tension.
several transformers branched off parallel from a and c and several transformers
which deliver their secondary currents
branched off parallel from 6 &
From this local
into a local net work of at least three main conductors.
net work motors, lamps, measuring, controlling and regulating apparatus or other
arrangements intended for consumption or for a further transformation are fed. If
motors are available that operate also without the action of the phased differance of
two currents, i.e. only with one current, these can be branched off simply like lamps.
C

page_text: If considerable area is to be provided with currents of displaced phases, a primary
net work supplied by fields is advantageously employed from which the secondary
stations are branched off in such a manner that also the latter supply partially or
wholly a secondary conducting net work with which are connected the consumption
and other apparatus. Such an arrangement is shewn at Fig. 15. In this case it is
also advisable to lead from different points of the primary net work, or also of the
secondary net work, return conductors back to tension controlling apparatus.
If single consumption points should be too far distant from the primary net work,
special conducting strands may be laid for these and it is also in many cases advisable
to lead from a principal station several main conducting strands of which each one
has an independent regulation.
In order not to overcharge the one or the other of the two conductors a and b it is
advisable to provide these secondary stations which only use one current therefor, only
that of a and c or only that of b and c, with switches, in order to enable these secondary
stations to be switched at will on to a or b. Such an arrangement is shewn at
Fig. 18 where by means of the switch V, the transformer T can be switched on to a
or bor entirely cut out, without disconnecting the connection with the conductor c.
This a rangement can also be just as well employed in connection with an entire
transformer group.
The arrangement of the conductors, transformers, consuming, measuring regulating
and other apparatus, remain substantially the same if, instead of two displaced
currents, n such currents are used. The number of the conductors varies in this case
as has already been explained with reference to Figs. 10, 11, 12, 13 between n + 1
and 2 n.

page_text: We, CARL ZIPERNOWSKY and MAX DERI both of Buda Pest, Hungary, Engineers,
do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to
be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-
In an electrical installation with alternating current generators it is of the greatest
importance from an economical point of view to be able to utilise the motors, electrical
machines and apparatus for other purposes besides illuminating purposes, for instance,
for driving stationary and moveable motors, actuating clocks, telegraph apparatus and
the like, as we shall explain referring to the drawings accompanying our Provisional
Specification.
For most of these purposes it is advantageous to have, at the locality of consump-
tion, two or more alternating currents that are not synchronous (Figs. 1 and 2) as the
electrical energy in the form of alternating currents can be easily and suitably
converted into mechanical or electrical energy of other forms, when using two or more
non-synchronous currents. At the same time it must not be lost sight of that the
installation for electrical illumination must not be disarranged by the other applica-
tions of the current and that these points of consumption must remain perfectly
independent both of each other and of the lighting installation that is to say, in other
words, that it must be possible to increase or decrease the number of points of
consumption at will without changing the functions of the other points. Of course,
the proportion between the useful effect and the power consumed, that is to say the
effectiveness of the whole installation, must remain as constant as possible within the
widest limits of the consumption of energy.
The present invention has for its object to comply with this condition in the simplest
and most practical manner.
Fig. 3 of the drawings shews an alternating current generator producing two
currents that are of a wave length in advance of each other but for the conduction of
which three conductors, namely two outgoing conductors and one return conductor,
suffice. As shewn the number of induction bobbins is twice as great as that of the
field magnets, and the bobbins belong alternately to one current system. Fig. 4 shows
by way of example how the two systems of bobbins are arranged.
The two machines may be considered as coupled in series and provided with a
middle conductor or they may be considered as coupled parallel in one circuit, while
in the other circuit they remain separate, according as at a certain moment the
direction of the two currents is the same or opposite. The current which circulates
in the middle circuit is composed of the iwo currents of the two bobbin systems in the
manner as shewn at Fig. 5 where a and b are the current waves in the circuits a
and Fig. 4. and c¹ the current wave in the circuit c.
Fig. 6 shews two generators as in Fig. 3 whose equal phased bobbin systems are
coupled parallel. If there are three times as many induction bobbins as field magnets
there will be three bobbin systems with three currents that are displaced of a wave
length alternatively to each other. The number of circuits in this case amounts either
to 3 x 26 or 3+1=4. If the number of the induction bobbins be n times as
great as that of the field magnets there will be n currents that are displaced relatively

page_text: 2n
to each other length of wave. The minimum number of circuits requisite in this
case is n+1, as shewn at Figs. 10 and 11, which indicate two different methods of
the connection of n bobbins with relatively displaced currents.
In Fig. 10 the n outgoing conductors must be proportioned for one current each
and the common return conductor for n currents, while in Fig. 11 the first and the
last conductor are for one current each and all the intermediate conductors for two
currents each.
Fig. 12 shews an arrangement in which each current has a separate outgoing and
return conductor and consequently 2n conductors are required.
A combination of this method is shown at Fig. 13, where the number of conducts
falls between 2n and n + 1. It is therefore clear that the number of conductors
required for a currents will vary between 2n and n + 1. Generators with n bobbin
systems can, of course, again be connected in parallel in any desired number with
their corresponding bobbin systems.
Another inethod for obiaining two or more currents that are displaced relatively to
each other as regards their phases is as follows:-Let there be, for instance, two
generators, each of which has as many induction bobbins, as electro magnets and that
these are rigidly connected with each other in such manner that, when the electro
magnets of the one generator are situated exactly opposite the induction bobbins, the
electro-magnets of the other generator are situated in the middle between two induction
bobbins as shewn at Fig. 7. In this case each generator has only one bobbin system
which is connected with that of the other in the same manner as the two bobbin
systems of a generator in Figs. 3 and 4.
1
12
For producing a currents of which each one is displaced relatively to the preceding
one by n
there must also be generators that are connected together rigidly in
such manner that the electro-magnets of each generator are displaced relatively to
to those of the preceding one by of the angle between two contiguous electromagnets.
The requisite number of conductors varies again between 2n and n + 1 and several
groups of machines can be again coupled parallel. By means of a single generator
baving only a single bobbin system, two currents can also be generated that are dis-
placed relatively to each other by an aliquot part of a wave length if the current of
the machine is divided into two branch currents of which the one passes unchanged
into the circuit while the other passes through a transformer so as to produce, in
the secondary coil thereof an alternate current with displaced current waves.
This arrangement is shewn diagrammatically at Fig. 8 where S indicates the induced
part of the generator and T a transformer.
Fig. 9 shews a similar arrangement where S and S2 indicate either two bobbin
systems of one generator or all the bobbins of two generators. In this case the
current passes from S' direct into the circuit while that of S2 is displaced by the trans-
former before it enters the circuit. The parallel coupling of the generators may also
be effected in this case as in the previous ones.
These generators give alternating currents of high tension that can be conducted
in various ways to alternating current transformers or to other current changing
apparatus. In this case, however these transformers are grouped in secondary
distributing stations. In each group, the coupling of the primary and secondary
coils may be made indifferently according to the existing and requisite strength
of current and tension but each group must always be branched off parallel from
two conductors which belong to one circuit. Several groups can receive currents
of displaced phases. In that case, there are led from the transformer groups of from
n+1 to 2 n conductors which form the secondary circuit and of which the con-
sumption apparatus are also branched off parallel.
The stations of second order are rendered independent of each other by maintaining
as constant as possible the tension of the primary currents at the points where they
enter the secondary stations. For this purpose are used the well known control apparatus

page_text: for current tensions, and at the upper stations, either the power of the exciting magnets
is altered or resistance are introduced into the respective conductors to such an
extent that the respective tensions shall always remain as far as possible unchanged.
In order to have available in the secondary circuit different tensions, there are
employed transformers with different transposing proportions, or where necessary, the
secondary station is divided into several bobbin groups which have their secondary
coils coupled, in series in order to have different potential differences at the several
coil terminals..
It is also possible to produce in each secondary circuit different alternating currents
of equal or different tension with displaced current waves without branching off from
more than two conductors of the primary distribution. This is effected by the aid of
alternate current transformers, as shewn by way of example at Figs. 16 and 17, so
that the secondary current produced in the transformer or in the transformer group T
either branching as at Fig. 16 and passing on the one hand into the closing circuit
and on the other hand into a second transformer T₁ or, as at Fig. 17, passing undivided
through the transformer T before it passes into the closing circuit and consequently
producing in T a further current with displaced current waves which is then passed
into a closing circuit of its own. In this case there may be used in placo of the four
conductors Fig. 16, only three conductors, as at Fig. 17. The two alternating
currents V and V₁ then have current waves which are relatively displaced to the
extent of an aliquot part of the wave length, and according to the transposing propor-
tion of the transformer T they may have either equal or different current tensions.
Fig. 14 shews an electrical distribution arrangement in which two currents with
displaced phases pass from the principal station into a distributing strand (that is to say
two outgoing and one return conductors) leading them into transformers.
At only a single transformer is branched from a to c which supplies lamps.
II shews a secondary station for the motor M. A transformer T is fed from b and
another, T, from a and c. Both transformers deliver their currents (which of course
are displaced by wave length as in the primary currents) to a consumption apparatus,
for instance a motor M which converts the electrical energy in any desired manner
into mechanical energy.
III shews two transformers that are coupled parallel both
primarily and secondarily. In IV the primary coils are, coupled in series, the
secondary parallel. In the secondary contacts of three transformers are so connected
that in the local net work there are three kinds of tension. VI shews several
transformers branched off parallel from a and c, and several transformers branched off
parallel from and c, which deliver their secondary currents into a local net work of
at least three main conductors. From this local net work motors, lamps, measuring,
controlling and regulating apparatus or other arrangements intended for consumption
or for a further transformation are fed. If motors are available that operate also
without the action of the phased difference of two currents, i.e. only with one current,
these can be branched off simply like lamps.
If considerable area is to be provided with currents of displaced phases, a primary
net work supplied by fields is advantageously employed from which the secondary
stations are branched off in such a manner that also the latter supply partially or
wholly a secondary conducting net work with which are connected the consumption
and other apparatus. Such an arrangement is shewn at Fig. 15. In this case it is
also adviseable to lead from different points of the primary net work, or also of the
secondary net work, return conductors back to tension controlling apparatus.
If single consumption points should be too far distant from the primary net work,
special conducting strands may be laid for these, and it is also in many cases advisable
to lead from a principal station several main conducting strands of which each one has
an independent regulation.
In order not to overcharge the one or the other of the two conductors a and b it is
advisable to provide those secondary stations which only use one current therefor only
that of a and c, or only that of b and c, with switches, in order to enable these
secondary stations to be switched at will on to a or b. Such an arrangement is shewn
at Fig. 18, where by means of the switch U, the transformer T can be switched on to a

page_text: or bor entirely cut out, without disconnecting the connection with the conductor c.
This arrangement can also be just as well employed in connection with an entire
transformer group.
The arrangement of the conductors, transformers, consuming measuring, regulating
and other apparatus remain substantially the same if, instead of two displaced
currents, such are used. The number of the conductors varies in this case as has
already been explained with reference to Figs. 10, 11, 12, 13 between n + 1
and 2 n.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed we declare that what we
claim is :-
1. In a syster of electrical distribution, the combination of the following paris: an
alternate current generator or several of these connected parallel-a number of armature
coils giving currents of high tension having their phases separated by a fraction of a
wave length--leads, or strands conducting the currents of different phase, or at places
networks supplied by these strands-secondary distributing stations having alternate
current transformers or groups of these-one pair or several pairs of leads branched
parallel from one main lead or from several main leads and a return conductor
lamps, motors, meters, and the like supplied from the secondary circuits of the
transformer either with simple alternating currents or with several of different phase
and of constant or nearly constant potential.
of
2. For supplying secondary distributing stations such as are above referred to the
arrangement of an even number of alternate current generators or half that number
groups of such generators connected parallel, so coupled that each generator or
group is set relatively to the next before and after it at a fraction of the angle between
two adjacent magnets, so that a number of high tension currents are produced
differing in phase by a fraction of a wave length, these currents being conducted to
the secondary stations in the manner above referred to.
3. For supplying secondary distributing stations such as are above referred to
the arrangement of an alternate current generator or of a group of such generators
connected parallel producing currents of high tension which are divided into two
branches the one passing unchanged to line, the other converted by transformers, so as
to have a different phase and to pass by a separate lead along with the former to
supply the secondary stations in the manner above referred to.
4. For supplying secondary distributing stations such as are above referred to the
arrangement of an alternate current generator or of several of these in connection with
two systems of induction coils symmetrical to the magnet poles, so that two high
tension currents of like phase are produced, the one passing unchanged to line, the
other converted and led in the manner referred to in the previous claim.
5. For supplying secondary distributing stations such as are above referred to the
arrangement of two groups of alternate current generators, those of each group
connected parallel producing two high tension currents of like phase, the one passing
unchanged to line, the other converted and led in the manner referred to in the third
claim.
6. In the arrangements for secondary stations referred to in the preceding claims
connecting the coils of the transformers employed through switches so arranged
that any transformer or group of transformers can be connected to any of the leads
without disturbing the connection to the common return conductor.
Dated this 23rd day of April 1990
ABEL & IMRAY,
Agents for the Applicants.