IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR RAISING WATER AND OTHER FLUIDS
Year: 1868

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Edward Newton, of the Office for
Patents, 66, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Civil
Engineer, for. the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR
RAISING WATER AND OTHER FLUIDS."-A communication from abroad
by Henry Clark Sergeant, of the City and State of New York,
United States of America.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Edward
Newton at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his
Petition, on the 17th September 1868.
I, WILLIAM EDWARD NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery
Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR
RAISING WATER AND OTHER FLUIDS," to be as follows:→
This Invention has for its object the raising of water and other
fluids by atmospheric pressure as against a vacutim produced by the

page_text: condensation of steam in a more economical and advantageous manner
than has heretofore been done.
The Invention consists; firstly; in a combination of two or more
cylinders fitted with reciprocating pistons mounted on the same rod.
The cylinders are furnished with valves operated automatically by the
movement of the pistons and thereby control the steam passages leading
to opposite ends of the cylinders, so that while either one cylinder of the
pair is receiving steam on the one side or face of its piston and dis-
charging fluid on the opposite side or face thereof the other cylinder has
a balance of pressure established for it on.both sides of its piston, and the
exhaust steam in or from the latter cylinder is made by its condensation
to raise water or fluid; the cylinders are thus used alternately, and are
provided with suitable waterways in connection with passages or
chambers controlled by inlet and outlet valves. By this arrangement.
or combination either one of the pistons alternately is operated under a
balance of pressure by the other piston while the cylinder of one is
receiving and the other discharging the liquid. Condensers, preferably
of a surface character, are placed in communication with the working
cylinders at their one end and interposed as distinctive contrivances or
appliances between the cylinders and the fluid supply pipe or pipes and
outlets or discharge pipes or apertures for operation in connection with
suitable fluid receiving and delivery valves, thereby a more rapid and
perfect condensation of the exhaust steam from the cylinders is secured.
Likewise the Invention embraces an arrangement in which a steam
cylinder is used carrying a reciprocating piston within it which is
connected in a positive manner with a piston arranged to reciprocate in
a water receiving and discharging cylinder that is connected preferably
through the intervention of condensers with the exhaust port or ports of
the steam cylinder, so as to establish a vacuum alternately on opposite
sides of the water piston for the purpose of raising water or fluid by the
condensation of the exhaust steam from the steam cylinder. A valve or
valves operated automatically by the apparatus, as in the former instance,
is or are made to alternate the admission and discharge of steam to and
from opposite sides or faces of the steam piston.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said William Edward Newton in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 17th March 1869.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
EDWARD NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery Lane, in tho
County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Seventeenth day of September, in the
year of our Lord One thousand cight hundred and sixty-eight, in the
thirty-second year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and suc-
cessors, give and grant unto me, the said William Edward Newton, Her
special licence that I, the said William Edward Newton, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said William
Edward Newton, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at
any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times
thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might
make, usc, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great.
Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention,
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR RAISING WATER AND OTHER FLUIDS,"
being a communication to me from abroad, upon the condition (amongst
others) that I, the said William Edward Newton, my exccutors or adminis-
trators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their
hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of
the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed,
and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said William Edward Newton, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement, reference being had to the Drawing here-
unto annexed and to the letters and figures marked thereon (that is to

page_text: condensation of steam in a more economical and advantageous manner
than has heretofore been done.
The Invention consists, firstly, in a combination of two or more
cylinders fitted with reciprocating pistons mounted on the same rod.
The cylinders are furnished with valves operated automatically by the
movement of the pistons, and thereby control-the steam passages leading
to opposite ends of the cylinders, so that while either one cylinder of
the pair is receiving steam on the one side or face of its piston and
discharging fluid on the opposite side or face thereof the other cylinder
has a balance of pressure established for it on both sides of its piston,
and the exhaust steam in or from the latter cylinder is made by its
condensation to raise water or fluid. The cylinders are thus used
alternately, and are provided with suitable waterways in connection
with passages or chambers controlled by inlet and outlet valves. By
this arrangement or combination either one of the pistons alternately
is operated under a balance of pressure by the other piston while the
cylinder of one is receiving and the other discharging the liquid.
The Invention further consists in a combination with such devices
operating substantially as described of condensers, preferably of a surface
character, and placed in communication with the working cylinders at
their one end and interposed as distinctive contrivances or appliances
between the cylinders and the fluid supply pipe or pipes and outlets or
discharge pipes or apertures for operation in connection with suitable
fluid receiving and delivery valves, thereby a more rapid and perfect
condensation of the exhaust steam from the cylinders is secured.
Likewise the Invention embraces a combination of devices in which is
used a steam cylinder carrying a reciprocating piston within it which
is connected in a positive manner with a piston arranged to reciprocate
in a water receiving and discharging cylinder that is connected pre-
ferably through the intervention of condensers with the exhaust port or
ports of the steam cylinder, so as to establish a vacuum alternately on
opposite sides of the water piston for the purpose of raising water or
fluid by the condensation of the exhaust steam from the steam cylinder.
A valve or valves operated automatically by the apparatus is or are made
to alternate the admission and discharge of steam to and from opposite
sides or faces of the steam piston.
In the accompanying Drawing Fig. 1 represents a vertical longitudinal
section of a water raising apparatus constructed in accordance with the

page_text: Invention; Fig. 2 is a vertical transverse section of the same in part,
taken mainly as indicated by the line x, x, in Fig. 1; Fig. 3 is a plan
of the apparatus in part, with the steam valve chest covers removed;
Fig. 4 represents a vertical longitudinal section of a modification of the
apparatus, and Fig. 5 is a vertical transverse section thereof in part,
taken as denoted by the line y, y, in Fig. 4.
Referring in the first instance to Figures 1, 2, and 3 of the Drawing,
A, A', represent two or there may be more cylinders which are here
shown to occupy a horizontal position and in the same axial line at a
suitable distance apart. These cylinders have fitted within them pistons
B, B', connected by a rod C or otherwise so as to work in concert or
form a double piston, as it were. D is a steam pipe which is supplied
from any suitably located boiler with steam that is preferably of a low
pressure, say, for instance, with steam of from one to three pounds
pressure above that of the atmosphere or thereabouts. E, E', are valve
chests or boxes into which steam is admitted by the pipe D and which
contain valves F, F, that may be of any suitable description, but aro
liere shown as of a sliding character with exhaust cavities in them and
otherwise so constructed on their faces as to control the steam inlet
ports e, e, and outlet or exhaust passages, in or connected with
the cylinders A, A'; the ports e, e', open, say, into the cylinders at or
near their oue end, and the passages f, f', are in connection by
pipes g, g', with condensers G, G', that communicate by openings or
waterways h, ', with the opposite ends of the cylinders. These steam
valyes F, F, are connected by a rod i so as to form virtually a single
valve so far as their movement in concert is concerned, and are
reciprocated or set in motion automatically at intervals in the operation
of the pistons B, B. An arm or toc H on the rod C strikes alter-
nately against collars k, k, on the rod C; or the valves may be
otherwise operated in an automatic manner by or through the motion
of the pistons to control the ports c, e', and passages f, f, in such a
manner that either one valve alternately establishes and (for a prolonged.
period during the two pistons stroke) keeps open the communication.
between the port e or e¹ at the one end of the cylinder A or A' and
waterway or h¹ at the opposite end thereof by or through the exhaust
cavity in such valve passago for f' and condenser G or G', while the
other of such valves simply admits steam through the port e or e¹ of
the cylinder the piston of which it serves to control. The condensers

page_text: G, G', which are here shewn as arranged between the cylinders A, A',
are preferably of a surface character or description being made up for
the most part of plates 1. I-is a suction or water supply pipe, or it may
be pipes, situated below the condensers and extending to a depth
somewhat less than the height to which a column of water would risc
in a vacuum; this pipe carries on its top, valves J; J', opening upwards.
K, K', are water discharge branches or outlets preferably arranged to
connect with the condensers below on their off sides and fitted with
valves L, L', opening outwards.
The operation of the apparatus is as follows:-Supposing the parts to
be in the position represented in Fig. 1 then the valve F is open to
admit steam to the back of the piston B in the cylinder A, while the
steam which in the previous stroke of the apparatus filled the cylinder A¹
passes off by the position of the valve F along the passage f¹ and
pipe g' to the condenser G¹ where it is condensed, thereby causing the
water (by the vacuum produced) to rise in the pipe I and into the
condenser by or through the opening of the valve J¹. As the pistons
movo in the direction of the arrow z the water enters the cylinder A'
through the waterway '; while this is going on the water, which in
the previous stroke of the pistons in the reverse direction had in like
manner been drawn or forced through the valve J into the cylinder A, is
being delivered by its gravity through the outlet K and the valve L
which action combined with that of the steam on the back of the
piston B gives (for at least the greater portion of the stroke) the
necessary movement to the two pistons in the direction of the arrow z.
During such motion the piston B¹ it will be observed is balanced, that is
exposed to the same pressure or freedom from pressure on both sides of
it by reason of the open communication which is established by the
valve F¹ between the two ends of the cylinder A¹ through the port e¹, the
cavity in the valve passage f¹, the pipe g', and condenser G¹ that
connects by the waterway h¹ with the cylinder; this does away with
all excepting the frictional resistance of the piston B' whilst so moving,
and the water is drawn or forced up into the condenser G¹ and
cylinder A' by atmospheric pressure from below acting on the column
in the pipe I as opposed to the vacuum produced by the condensation
of the exhaust steam from the cylinder A¹ in the condenser G¹; thus
the operation of the device is totally distinct from that of a pump.
Prior to the pistons reaching the end of their stroke in, say, the direction

page_text: indicated by the arrow z, the position of the valves F, F, by the action
of the arm H on the collar is reversed for the purpose of effecting a
cushioning of the advancing piston; this is effected by the valve F
establishing communication between the port e and waterway h only,
leaving the port e¹ open to steam from the valve chest E', which acts
as a check to the momentum of the rising column of water in its action
on the piston B', but not sufficiently to prevent such momentum from
aiding the pistons in completing their stroke. The exhaust steam passes
from the cylinder A at first or temporarily acts upon the water in the
cylinder to expel it through the valvo L or to establish its expulsion,
which is maintained by the gravity of the fluid, and in the return stroke
of the pistons or until the valves F, F', are again reversed the exhaust
steam by its condensation produces a vacuum which causes a fresh
supply of water to rise in the cylinder A; this action is repeated
alternately in cach cylinder as the pistons are reciprocated, and thus a
frequent or almost constant discharge of water from the outlets K, K¹,
is kept up. Tho surface condensers G, G¹, add materially to the
efficiency of this apparatus not only at starting but during the continued
action of the same by the large plate or surface presentation which is
offered to the steam and water in the rising and falling of the latter
within the condensers and the change constantly taking place as regards
fresh supply of water to the condensers. By locating the condensers or
plates thereof above the water inlets and outlets, as shown, (though
a different construction or arrangement of condensers may be used,) a
more efficient action of the condensers is obtained and the tendency
to collection or lodgment of air requiring expulsion 'by the pistons
reduced. By reason of the economy which results in thus raising water
the apparatus may be very advantageously employed in lifting water to
work a wheel or other motor, using in such case it may be the same
water over and over again; or the water elevating apparatus may be
used for a variety of purposes.
When referring to the employment of low-pressure steam for working
the apparatus it should be observed that high-pressure steam worked
expansively may be used so as to reduce it to the necessary pressure or
licat for condensation at or towards the termination of either piston's
stroke, and thus under appropriate arrangements or combinations of
details the exhaust steam of a high-pressure engine may be employed for
the purpose.

page_text: Referring to Figures 4 and 5 of the Drawing, which show a modi-
fication of the apparatus as herein-before described, but which acts upon
the same general principles, A is a steam cylinder provided with a
piston B which is connected by a rod C with a piston B' working in a
water cylinder A³. The cylinder A is provided with a steam valve F
which as it is moved alternately in opposite directions as the pistons
approach the ends of their strokes through, say, an arm H' acting on or
against collars ³, k³, of a valve rod or stem admits steam alternately
by ports es, e, to opposite ends of the cylinder A, and by suitable
cavities in the valve opens communication alternately with exhaust
passages f,f. Thus supposing the parts to be situated as represented
in Fig. 4 steam is being admitted by the port e* and the spent steam
being passed off by the port e³ and exhaust passage f³, which allows of
the pistons moving in the direction of the arrow a', the exhaust steam
escapes alternately by the passages f³, fs, and is conveyed by pipes g', I³,
to condensers G, G³, which, as represented in Fig. 5, may be of similar
construction to those herein-before described with reference to Figures 1,
2, and 3, and which are in communication by waterways h², h³, with the
cylinder A at its opposite ends, and are provided with suitable outlets
and delivery valves for discharge of the water; these are also in
communication by or through inlet valves J, J³, with a water supply
pipo I'. In this way the exhaust steam passing off from the cylinder A*
is made to establish a vacuum alternately on opposite sides of the
piston B³ to fill or partially fill the cylinder A³ on one side of the piston,
while the water previously drawn up into the cylinder on the opposite
side of the piston is being delivered or discharged by its gravity, thus
keeping the piston B³ in a state of balance, and in other respects the
action being similar to that already described for the modification shewn
in Figures 1, 2, and 3 of the Drawing.
Having now described the Invention communicated to me as aforesaid,
I claim under the herein-before in part recited Letters Patent,-
First. In a water or other fluid raising apparatus (furnished with
suitable suction and discharge or inlet and outlet valves) the com-
bination of two or more. cylinders A, A', open or provided with
waterways at their one end for the reception and discharge of the water
or other fluid, and fitted with pistons B, B¹, connected to work in
concert as described, also furnished with steam valves operated automa-
tically by or through the movement of the pistons and arranged to

page_text: control steam passages in communication with the opposite ends of the
cylinders, as specified with reference to Figures 1, 2, and 3 of the
Drawing.
Second. The arrangement of the steam valves and their ports or
passages which they control in such manner as that in the operation of
the pistons connected to work in unison in separate cylinders the
pressure is equalized on opposite sides or faces of such pistons in either
cylinder alternately, as shown and described.
Third. The combination with the pistons B, B', connected to work in
separate cylinders A, A', under the automatic control of steam valves, as
described, of condensers G, G', in communication with said cylinders, and
operating in connection with an inlet pipe or pipes fitted with valves,
also discharge pipes or outlets likewise provided with valves, essentially
as herein specified.
Fourth. The combination of the steam cylinder A' with the water
cylinder A and pistons B*, B³, connected for joint action by a rod C' or
its equivalent and steam valve F2 (of any suitable description) arranged
to control ports or passages in communication with the opposite ends of
the steam cylinder A, and either directly or through condensers with
the opposite ends of the water cylinder A³, for operation in concert
with suitable inlet and outlet valves for the water or other fluid being
raised and discharged, as described with reference to Figures 4 and 5 of
the Drawing.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Edward Newton, have
hereunto set my hand and seal, the Sixteenth day of March,
in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-
nine
Witness,
J. W. MOFFATT,
66, Chancery Lanc.
W. E. NEWTON. (L.S.)