or Regulating Apparatus to Various Useful Purposes. OF AUTOMATIC ELECTRICAL GOVERNING CONTROLLING OR REGULATING APPARATUS TO VARIOUS USEFUL PURPOSES
Year: 1885

page_text: or Regulating Apparatus to Various Useful Purposes.
I JAMES GRIEVE LORRAIN of 3 Vernon Chambers Southampton Row in tho
County of Middlesex Consulting Engineer do hereby declare the nature of my
invention for THE APPLICATION OF AUTOMATIC ELECTRICAL GOVERNING CONTROLLING
OR REGULATING APPARATUS TO VARIOUS USEFUL PURPOSES to be as follows:-
In the complete Specification prepared to accompany my Letters Patent No. 339
of the year 1885 I describe an automatic electrical governing controlling or
regulating apparatus which consists of the combination of an electromotor an
automatic contact a source or reservoir of electrical energy and what I may call
an operating device. The operating devices which I refer to and diagramatically
illustrate in my said complete Specification are valves propellers conveyors
agitators screens operating screws or their equivalents: and I therein refer to
and diagramatically illustrate electromotors automatic contacts and sources or
reservoirs of electrical energy.
The object of my present invention is the application of the said automatic
electrical governing controlling or regulating apparatus to various useful purposes.
These useful purposes may be recited as follows:-
-
1. Governing controlling or regulating or keeping constant the pressure of steam
in a steam boiler by governing controlling or regulating the consumption of fuel
after the manner referred to in the Complete Specification accompanying my
Letters Patent No. 339 of the year 1885.
2. Governing controlling or regulating the manufacture of water gas after the
manner referred to in the Complete Specification accompanying my Letters Patent .
No. 339 of the year 1885.
3. Governing controlling or regulating the condensation of steam after the
manner set forth in the Complete Specification accompanying my Letters Patent
No. 339 of the year 1885.
4. Governing controlling or regulating the action of an ammonia refrigerating
machine after the manner referred to in the Complete Specification accompanying
my Letters Patent No. 339 of the year 1885.
5. Governing controlling or regulating the action of a compressed air refrigerating
machine after the manner referred to in the Complete Specification accompanying
my Letters Patent No. 339 of the year 1885.

page_text: 6. Governing controlling or regulating the action of evaporating apparatus after
the manner referred to in the Complete Specification accompanying my Letters
Patent No. 339 of the year 1885.
7. Governing controlling or regulating the action of distilling apparatus after
the manner referred to in the Complete Specification accompanying my Letters
Patent No. 339 of the year 1885.
8. Governing controlling or regulating the action of dessicating apparatus after
the manner referred to in the Complete Specification accompanying my Letters
Patent No. 339 of the year 1885.
9. Governing controlling or regulating the action of an apparatus for testing and
returning to the furnace waste gases after the manner referred to in the Complete
Specification accompanying my Letters Patent No. 339 of the year 1885.
10. Governing controlling or regulating the action of gas pressure regulators
after the manner referred to in the Complete Specification accompanying my Letters
Patent No. 339 of the year 1885.
11. Governing controlling or regulating the action of a fire balloon after the
manner referred to in the Complete Specification accompanying my Letters Patent
No. 339 of the year 1885.
When I use a non-rotating electromotor (that is one whose moveable part,
instead of continuously rotating, moves reciprocally or through an angular distance
less than a complete revolution) to operate a valve, I frequently, for the purpose of
economising electrical energy employ a holdback as referred to in the Specification
accompanying my Letters Patent No. 6859 of the year 1885.

page_text: or Regulating Apparatus to Various Useful Purposes.
I JAMES GRIEVE LORRAIN of Norfolk House, Victoria Embankment London W.C.
formerly of 3 Vernon Chambers, Southampton Row, in the County of Middlesex,
Consulting Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in
and by the following statement :-
In the Complete Specification accompanying my Letters Patent No. 339 of the
year 1885 I describe an automatic electrical governing controlling or regulating
apparatus which consists of the combination of an electromotor an automatic contact
a source or reservoir of electrical energy and what I may call an operating device.
The operating devices which I refer to and diagramatically illustrate in my said
Complete Specification are valves, propellers conveyors agitators or their equivalents
and I therein refer to and diagramatically illustrate electromotors automatic contacts
and sources or reservoirs of electrical energy.
The object of my present invention is the application of the said automatic
electrical governing controlling or regulating apparatus to various useful purposes.
These useful purposes may be recited as follows:-
1. Governing controlling or regulating or keeping constant the pressure of steam
in a steam boiler by governing controlling or regulating the consumption of fuel
after the manner referred to in the Complete Specification accompanying my
Letters Patent No. 339 of the year 1885.
2. Governing controlling or regulating the manufacture of water gas after the
manner referred to in the Complete Specification accompanying my Letters Patent
No. 339 of the year 1885.
3. Governing controlling or regulating the condensation of steam after the
manner set forth in the Complete Specification accompanying my Letters Patent
No. 339 of the year 1885.
4. Governing controlling or regulating the action of evaporating apparatus after
the manner referred to in the Complete Specification accompanying my Letters
Patent No. 339 of the year 1885.
5. Governing controlling or regulating the action of distilling apparatus after the
manner referred to in the Complete Specification accompanying my Letters Patent
No. 339 of the year 1885.
6. Governing controlling or regulating the action of dessicating apparatus after
the manner referred to in the Complete Specification accompanying my Letters
Patent No. 339 of the year 1885.
7. Governing controlling or regulating the action of an apparatus for testing
and returning to the furnace waste gases after the manner referred to in the
Complete Specification accompanying my Letters Patent No. 339 of the year 1885.
When I use a non-rotating electro motor (that is one whose moveable part,
instead of continuously rotating moves reciprocally or through an angular distance

page_text: less than a complete revolution) to operate a valve, I frequently, for the purpose of
economising electrical energy employ a holdback as referred to in the Specification
accompanying my Letters Patent No. 6859 of the year 1885.
The electromotors employed may be of any of the types referred to in the
Specification accompanying my Letters Patent No. 339 of the year 1885. If the
operating device be a valve I find the types of electromotor diagrammatically
illustrated in figs. 46 and 47 of the previously recited Specification to be suitable
when a simplex automatic contact is employed. If the contact be duplex an
electromotor of the type diagrammatically illustrated by fig. 49 is a suitable one,
and if multiplex in one direction only an electromotor of the type diagrammatically.
illustrated in fig. 48 is a suitable one. If the operating device be a revolving
propeller conveyor or agitator a rotating electromotor for example one of the type
shewn in fig. 51 of the previously recited' Specification is suitable. I desire it to
be understood however that I do not limit myself to any particular form of
electromotor.
In the diagrams accompanying my present specification various forms of
operating devices are shown for example valves are shown in figures 1, 2, 3, 6, 8,
10, 11, 12, 15, 25, 29, 30, 31 and 32: propellers in figures 4, 6, 9, 10, and 30:
conveyors in figures 5 and 7: and agitators in figure 13.
The electromotors and automatic contacts are placed in circuit with any
convenient source or reservoir of electrical energy for example the electricity may
be derived from a primary battery an electric accumulator an electrical transformer
an electric light or power transmission circuit or the like.
In the majority of the figures in the accompanying drawings I symbolically
represent automatic contacts for the sake of simplicity by circles containing the
letter C marked therein electromotors by circles containing the letter E marked
therein and sources or reservoirs of electrical energy by circles containing the
letter G marked therein.
In the following drawings I desire it to be understood that the positions occupied
by the diagrammatic symbols for automatic contact electromotor and generator;
respectively are not necessarily the positions which they would occupy in practice.
In practice the proper position would in most cases be obvious but such would
vary to a great extent with individual cases.
In the majority of the following figures I shew for convenience of illustration
the contacts electromotors and gencrators as separated from the rest of the ;
apparatus.
In the accompanying drawings I illustrate the electrical connections between the
automatic contact the electromotor and the source or reservoir of electrical energy
by a single circuit shown in dotted lines. It will of course be understood however
that in the cases wherein a duplex or multiplex contact or wherein an electromotor
consisting of more than one coil in separate or partly separate circuits, for example
like the electromotor diagrammatically represented in figure 75 of the drawings of
the complete specification accompanying my Letters Patent No. 339 of the year 1885,
is employed there will be a greater number of electrical circuits wholly or in part
distinct from one another.
Having thus indicated the general scope of my invention I shall now in order
that it may be better understood proceed to refer to it more in detail. For that
purpose I shall refer to the several figures in the accompanying sheets of drawings
which diagramatically illustrate the manner in which my invention is carried into
effect.
E
The first of the useful purposes hereinbefore referred to is the governing
controlling or regulating or keeping constant the pressure of steam in a steam
boiler by governing controlling or regulating the consumption of fuel after the
manner and by the means referred to in the Complete Specification accompanying
my Letters Patent No. 339 of the year 1885. These means are governing controlling 5
or regulating the consumption of fuel by governing controlling or regulating the
supply of the said fuel, the draught or admission of air or oxygen or other supporter

page_text: of combustion to the said fuel, the agitation of the said fuel or its support or
supports, and the addition to or mixing with the said fuel of other or additional
substances.
In carrying this part of my invention into effect I fit to the boiler a pressure
contact. This contact is preferably of one of the forms diagramatically illustrated
in figures 38 and 39 of the Complete Specification accompanying my Letters Patent.
No. 339 of the year 1885 but almost any type of pressure contact for example a
contact in which the steam presses upon a piston against a counterspring or
counterweight or the like will answer the purpose and I desire it to be understood
that I do not limit myself, in the application of the governing controlling or
regulating apparatus hereinbefore mentioned to this useful purpose, to any
particular form of pressure contact.
Figure 1. diagramatically represents a case wherein the steam pressure in a
boiler is kept constant by governing controlling or regulating the consumption of
gaseous fuel by governing controlling or regulating its supply. In this case the
supply of gaseous fuel is governed controlled or regulated by means of a tap or
valve constituting the operating device. E is the electromotor G the source or
reservoir of electrical energy C the automatic pressure contact and V the operating
device. The burners are fed with gaseous fuel by means of the supply pipe P in
which is a tap or throttle valve V. To this valve is attached a lever with a
quadrant Q at one end to which a cord passing from the electromotor is attached
and a weight W at the other end which tends to bring the valve into its normal
position after the electromotor has ceased to exert its influence upon it. The action
is as follows. Let us assume C to be duplex-multiplex (that is multiplex in both
directions) and fixed to the boiler and that the boiler is being heated by the
burners B. Suppose the valve to be kept normally about half open so that only
a moderate quantity of gas can pass to the burners say as much as is required under
ordinary working conditions to keep the steam at normal pressure. If the pressure
of the steam in the boiler falls below the normal pressure desired contact will be
made in such direction that E will increase the amount to which V is open more
gas will now pass to the burners a greater amount of heat will be communicated to
the water in the boiler and the pressure of the steam will be increased. Should the
pressure fall still lower C will make further contact in the same direction as before
V will be still further opened and the pressure will be increased still more. Suppose
now that the pressure becomes higher than the normal pressure desired contact will
now be made in an opposite direction to that in which it was made before, E will
exert a less pull upon V which by means of the weight W will become somewhat
closed less gas will be passed to the burners so that less heat will be communicated
to the water in the boiler and the pressure of the steam in the same become less
and so on. A suitable form of electromotor for use in this case is one of the type
illustrated in figure 48 of the complete Specification accompanying my Letters
Patent No. 339 of the year 1885 and this electromotor should be preferably
connected up in circuit after the manner represented in figure 75 of the sheets of
drawings accompanying my just mentioned Complete Specification. It will be
seen that the apparatus shewn will be capable of great nicety of regulation and
produce great economy in action as only the desired amount of gas will be
consumed and no more.
Figure 2 represents a case very similar to the last except that the electromotor
instead of controlling the whole of the gas burners controls only part of the same.
The whole of the valves are connected to a single rod so that they are all operated
simultaneously. In this figure it will be seen that the counterspring S takes the
place of the counterweight W in the last figure. Another difference between the
two figures is that whereas in fig. 1 the electromotor tended to open the valve and
the counterweight W to close it in this 6g. the electromotor tends to close the
valves and the counterspring to open them.
Figure 3 diagrammatically represents a case wherein the fuel the supply of
which is governed controlled or regulated is solid instead of being gaseous, as in

page_text: the two previous figures. In this case the electromotor instead of regulating the
supply of fuel directly does so indirectly. F is an ordinary boiler furnace fed by
coal from a hopper as shown. The supply of fuel from the hopper to the furnace
is regulated by the sliding gate or valve X which is prolonged from the ram of
a hydraulic cylinder S. The supply of water to this cylinder through pipe P 5
is controlled by valve V which is controlled by electromotor E which again is
controlled by contact C.
Fig. 4 diagrammatically represents a case wherein the supply of liquid fuel is
governed controlled or regulated when a wick is employed. The operating device
in this case is a propeller consisting of a rack R gearing into a pinion P which 1
raises or lowers the wicks as shown and thus regulates the amount of liquid fuel
burned. A convenient form of electromotor for use in this case is a double
compound solenoid of the type shown in fig. 49 in the Complete Specification
accompanying my Letters Patent No. 339 of the year 1885 one compound solenoid
tending to pull the rack downwards and the other upwards as will be readily 1
understood.
Fig. 4 also diagrammatically illustrates the case wherein the consumption of
fuel is governed controlled or regulated by governing controlling or regulating the
supply of a supporter of combustion to the fuel because it will be seen that when
the wick is raised a larger fuel bearing surface is exposed to the oxygen of the air
and when the wick is lowered a smaller fuel bearing surface is so exposed.
Fig. 5 diagrammatically represents another case wherein the supply of solid fuel
to a furnace is governed controlled or regulated. A is a travelling chain of
shallow trays or conveyor which receives fuel from the hopper B and delivers it
to the furnace hopper D. A runs on wheels F and H the latter being driven
by the electromotor E. The supply of the fuel is regulated by the speed of the
electromotor actuated by contact C.
In this case a continuously rotating electromotor is a suitable form to use and I
prefer to govern its speed by altering the resistance of the circuit passing through
it after the manner set forth in the complete Specification accompanying my Letters
Patent No. 339 of the year 1885 with reference to fig. 100 the automatic pressure
contact being however employed instead of the thermal contact shown in the said
figure.
Fig. 6 diagramatically represents another case wherein the supply of liquid
fuel to a furnace is governed controlled or regulated. The liquid fuel is contained
in the receptacle A and passes from there through the strainer B and on to the
propeller or injector F as shown whence it is injected into the furnace K. In this
figure three electro-motors E¹ E³ E³ are shown." El regulates the supply of liquid
fuel by means of the valve D, E the supply of steam from the boiler O to the
injector F by means of the valve H, and E³ regulates the supply of liquid fuel to
the receptacle through the supply pipe M M by means of the propeller or force
pump L. The necessary air is drawn in by the opening N. In the case represented
by this figure I generally prefer to govern control or regulate the supply of air
through the opening N by such means as are hereinafter to be described with reference
to figures 89 and 10. I frequently omit the electromotor E³ and control the supply
of liquid fuel to the receptacle A by other means than those which are shown
in the figure at present under description. The automatic contact C is of course
fixed to the boiler as in all the previously mentioned cases. The electromotors E¹
and E are preferably of the same type as those mentioned with reference to
figures 1 and 2. Fig. 6 also diagramatically illustrates a case wherein the con-
sumption of fuel is governed controlled or regulated by governing controlling or
regulating the addition to the said fuel of another substance. This other substance
is the steam the mixing of which with the fuel is governed controlled or regulated
by the electromotor E as shewn. If the pressure should fall a greater amount of
steam will pass through the injector valve so that there will be not only an
increased amount of liquid fuel sent into the furnace but there will be an increased
amount of chemical combination between such liquid fuel and steam so as to

page_text: increase the temperature in the furnace and so raise the pressure of the steam
in the boiler. I find it however sufficiently suitable for most ordinary practical
purposes to operate both the valve D and the valve H by means of the same
electromotor.
Fig. 7 diagramatically represents a case wherein the pressure of steam in a
boiler is kept constant not only by governing controlling and regulating the supply
of solid fuel but also by governing controlling and regulating the mixing there-
with of another substance. This other substance may be either an inert material
or it may be a fuel of different heating power. Let us assume C to be an auto-
matic pressure contact as before attached to the boiler and that the hoppers A and B
supply rich and poor fuel respectively or fuel and inert material, such for example
as ashes, respectively. E and E' are rotating electromotors operating the con-
veyors D and F respectively. Let us assume that the pressure falls below the
normal limit. C will then make contact in the direction which will call E into
play. E will operate the endless screw or worm conveyor D and increase the
supply of the rich fuel from the hopper A to the furnace so as to generate more
heat and so raise the pressure of the steam. Should the pressure however rise
beyond the normal limit C will make contact in the direction which will call E¹
into action. E' will then operate the conveyor F which will cause the supply of
the poorer fuel or of the inert material to the furnace so that less heat will be
produced and the pressure of the steam therefore will fall somewhat. The speed
of the electromotors E and E¹ will be controlled governed or regulated so as to
govern control or regulate the rate of supply of the fuel or inert material after the
manner previously described with reference to figure 5. In practice I find the case
which I have just described to be inferior to others herein specified.
Fig. 8 diagramatically represents a case wherein the pressure of steam in a
boiler is kept constant by governing controlling or regulating the consumption of
fuel by governing controlling or regulating the admission of a supporter of com-
bustion to the fuel. In this figure the operating device consists of valves or
louvres A regulating the admission of air to the ash pit of a furnace and so to the
fuel. Let us assume that there is a sufficient supply of fuel in the furnace. If
the pressure falls contact will be made so as to cause E to increase the amount to
which the louvres A are opened. This will increase the supply of air to the fuel
cause a greater amount of flame and so increase the pressure of the steam. If
however the pressure rises above its normal limit contact will be made in the
opposite direction, E will exert less of a pull on the louvres and these by their own
weight will close to a certain extent so as to decrease the amount of opening.
Less air will now be admitted to the fuel so that less flame will be generated and
the pressure will fall. The electromotor used in this case should be similar to that
employed in the case illustrated by fig. 1.
Fig. 9 diagramatically represents another case in which the pressure in a steam
boiler is kept constant by governing controlling or regulating the consumption of
fuel by governing controlling or regulating the admission of a supporter of combus-
tion to the fuel. This fig. differs from the last in that the operating device instead
of being a valve is a propeller. E is in this case a rotating electromotor which by
a belt transmits motion to the rotary blower B. The speed of B varies with the
speed of E and I prefer to cause its speed to vary after the manner referred to with
reference to fig. 5. The action is as follows. If the pressure falls the speed of E
is increased so as to increase the speed of B thereby increasing the amount of air
supplied to the fuel and consequently the beat in the furnace and the pressure of
the steam in the boiler. Should the pressure of the steam increase beyond the
normal limit contact will take place in the opposite direction the opposite effect
will take place and the speed of the electromotor and of the blower will be
decreased so as to decrease the amount of air admitted to the fuel and consequently
the heat in the furnace and the pressure of the steam in the boiler.
The case diagramatically represented by figure 10 is similar to that represented
in fig. 9 except that a different form of propeller is used for the forced admission

page_text: of air to the fuel. In this case the propeller is a steaṁ jet instead of a rotary
propeller. The electromotor E regulates the amount of steam passed through the
jet and thereby the amount of air admitted to the fuel by operating à valve as
shown. In this figure the electromotor is shown operating the valve by means of
a lever but in practice it is preferable to employ a rotating electromotor operating
the valve by means of an endless screw gearing in a pinion. The contact in this
case would reverse the direction of the current through the electroinotoř so as to
reverse the direction of rotation of the same and so open or close the valve as the
pressure in the boiler decreased or increased beyond the normal limits as will be
readily understood.
Fig. 11 also diagramatically represents a case wherein the pressure of the steam
in & boiler is kept constant by governing controlling or regulating the consumption
of fuel by governing controlling or regulating the admission of a supporter of
combustion to the said fuel. The case represented by this figure is somewhat
similar to that represented in fig. 8 except that the operating device instead of
consisting of valves admitting air to the ash pit of the furnace is a valve or damper
in the smoke flue. The action in the two cases is similar. As the damper is
raised the smoke and burnt gases pass away more readily more air is admitted to
the fuel and vice versa as the damper is lowered less air is admitted to the fuel.
Fig. 12 is a case diagramatically representing the same apparatus as figure 11
except that the operating device instead of being a valve in the smoke flue is
a valve controlling the passage of steam through a propeller in this case a steam
jet, the steam jet serving to vary the draught in the chimney A and so vary the
amount of air admitted to the fuel. The action will be readily understood from
what has preceded.
Fig. 13 diagrammatically represents a case wherein the pressure of steam in a
boiler is kept constant by governing controlling or regulating the consumption of
fuel by governing controlling or regulating the agitation of its supports. In this
figure one of the fire bars A is shown. It is hinged at one end and its other end
rests on a cam B. This cam which is operated by the electromotor E raises the
end of the fire bar and lets it drop the effect being to agitate the fuel and gradually
force it along towards the back of the furnace. The effect of agitation upon fuel
is to expose new surfaces to the oxygen of the air so as to increase the amount of
combustion and so increase the heat generated. Therefore the faster the cam B
revolves the greater will be the amount of agitation and the greater the amount of
heat generated. C is an automatic pressure contact as before, and E a rotating
electromotor. The faster E revolves the faster does the cam B revolve and the
more is the fuel agitated and the higher is the pressure of the steam raised. The
slower the electromotor E revolves the slower does the cam B revolve the less is
the fuel agitated and the lower becomes the pressure of steam in the boiler. The
speed of the electromotor E is preferably regulated after the manner hereinbefore
set forth with reference to fig. 5.
It will be obvious that the fuel can be agitated by other means as for example
by the insertion into and withdrawal from the body of the fuel of a rod or rake
in which case the electromotor instead of being a rotary one will preferably be a
reciprocating one for example one similar to that set forth as a type in the
complete Specification accompanying my Letters Patent No. 339 of the year 1885
with reference to fig. 49; in which figure the core may be assumed to be a part of
the said rod or rake or in rigid connection with the said rod or rake.
Of the various methods hereinbefore referred to of governing controlling or
regulating or keeping constant the pressure of steam in a boiler by governing
controlling or regulating the consumption of fuel I prefer in the case of gaseous
fuel to govern control or regulate the supply of the fuel. In the case of liquid
fuel I prefer to govern control or regulate either the supply of the fuel or the
supply of air to the fuel or both. In the case of solid fuel I prefer to govern
control or regulate the admission of the supporter of combustion to the fuel. In

page_text: some cases however it is advisable to adopt more than one of these methods. For
example in the case illustrated in fig. 6 it is frequently advisable not only to
regulate the supply of liquid fuel to the furnace but also the supply of air to
the same.
The second of the useful purposes herein before referred to is the governing
controlling or regulating the manufacture of water gas after the manner referred to
in the complete Specification accompanying my Letters Patent No. 339 of the
year 1885. This useful application is diagrammatically illustrated in fig. 15 of
the accompanying drawings. The electromotor E operates a valve V in the supply
pipe P furnishing superheated steam to the coke in the chamber M. A recipro-
cating spring D acting on the lever B of the valve V serves to react against the
pull of the electromotor. E¹ is a second electromotor operating the throttle
valve in the exit pipe K. B¹ is the reciprocating spring attached to the
valve lever D and reacting against the pull of the electromotor E¹. The electro-
motors in this case are preferably similar to those herein before mentioned with
reference to figures 1 and 2. The automatic contact which I employ to actuate the
electromotor E is a thermal one and I arrange it in a test chamber resembling that
hereinafter set forth with reference to fig. 32. The coke is sometimes supplied to
the chamber M by means similar to those set forth with reference to figures 3
aud 5 of the accompanying sheets of drawings and when desired the bars upon
which the coke rests are agitated after the manner set forth with reference to
figure 13. To actuate the electromotor E' I employ a pressure contact of any
convenient type connected with the chamber M so that the position of the throttle
valve V¹ will be such as to allow the gas to pass as nearly as possible at constant
pressure. The action of this part of my invention is as follows:-Assuming that
the coke is always supplied in excess, if the temporature in the test chamber falls
below the normal limit, which would indicate that steam is not being supplied in
sufficient quantity, contact will be made in such direction as to cause E to open
'more widely and admit more steam to the chamber M. On the other hand if the
temperature rises above the normal limit, which would indicate that steam is
being supplied in excess, the contact will be made in the other direction and the
valve V closed somewhat so as to admit less steam to the chamber M. The automatic
pressure contact will actuate the electromotor E¹ which will operate the valve V¹
so as to increase or diminish the extent to which it is open so as to regulate the
pressure at which the gas passes from the chamber M. In the figure under
description one automatic contact is shown actuating both the electromotor E and
the electromotor E' but in practice I employ two automatic contacts one a thermal
and the other a pressure contact as previously mentioned.
V
The third of the useful purposes hereinbefore referred to is the governing
controlling or regulating the condensation of steam after the manner set forth in
the complete specification accompanying my Letters Patent No. 339 of the
year 1885. Figure 25 diagramatically represents this case and shows the regu-
lation of the supply of water or other cooling liquid to a condenser. A is the
reservoir or receptacle of cold water or other cooling liquid P the pipe leading
from same and perforated as shown and V a valve in same operated by electro-
motor E. Bis the condenser. The steam passes through the pipes H, is cooled by
the falling water and is condensed therein. The electromotor E is preferably of
the type herein before referred to with reference to figures 1 and 2. The automatic
contact C is a vacuum contact of the type set forth in the complete Specification
accompanying my Letters Patent No. 339 of the year 1885 with reference to
figure 37, but any form of vacuum guage will act as an automatic contact of
this kind if fitted with conducting strips or contact pieces. A thermal contact
placed at the exit of the pipe H from the condenser would also serve to actuate
the electromotor E for the purpose of my invention. The action will be readily
understood. The less the vacuum or the higher the temperature influencing the
contact the more would the valve ▼ be opened and the more water or other
cooling material would be supplied to the condenser. The higher the vacuum

page_text: or the lower the temperature influencing the automatic contact the less would
be the supply of water or of cooling material to the condenser. It will be readily
understood that if the level of the reservoir A be below that of the condenser
instead of consisting of a valve the operating device should consist of a propeller
in which case E might preferably be a rotating electromotor whose speed would
be varied as hereinbefore mentioned with reference to figure 5. If a cooling
solution be supplied for the purpose of condensing the steam in the condenser
instead of water, the cooling reagents may be added to the water of the solution
by supplying the same after the manner in which solid fuel is supplied in
-figures 3 and 5; and such reagents may be mixed after the manner set forth in the
complete Specification accompanying my Letters Patent No. 339 of the year 1885
with reference to figure 58.
The fourth of the useful purposes hereinbefore referred to is the governing
controlling or regulating the action of evaporating apparatus after the manner
referred to in the complete Specification accompanying my Letters Patent
Number 339 of the year 1885. This is diagramatically represented in figure 29
in which A is a tank containing a liquid to be evaporated B B are circulating
pipes for steam hot water hot air or other suitable heating agent C is the automatic
contact actuating the electromotor E which operates the valve D. In the case
illustrated E is preferably an electromotor of the type mentioned with reference to
figures 1 and 2 but if the operating device instead of being a valve D be
a propeller which is preferable to a valve in the case where hot water or air is the
agent passing through the pipes B (unless such hot water or air have sufficient
head or pressure to circulate freely through the said pipes) E would preferably be
a rotating electromotor whose speed would be regulated after the manner herein-
before mentioned with reference to figure 5. The automatic contact C may be
either a thermal one or a gravity one. If the object be to evaporate at a fixed
temperature I use a thermal contact which will actuate the electromotor so as to
open the valve D wider when the temperature falls below the normal limit and to
partially or wholly close it when it rises above the normal limit. If a propeller be
used instead of a valve the action as will be readily understood would be that the
speed would be increased when the temperature fell below the normal limit and
decreased when it rose above the normal limit. If the liquid were one which did not
exert a corrosive action upon metal a duplex-multiplex contact of the types set forth
in the Complete Specification accompanying my Letters Patent number 339 of the
year 1885 with reference to figures 4, 5 and 6 would be suitable but if the liquid
were one likely to exert a corrosive action it is preferable to use a duplex-multiplex
contact of the type set forth in the said complete Specification with reference to
figures 1, 2 and 3. On the other hand if the object be to evaporate the liquid
until it attains a certain specific gravity the automatic contact C is a gravity
contact in which case one of the floating hydrometer type would be a suitable one:
but if there be ebulition of the liquid to be evaporated which would cause the float-
ing hydrometer contact to bob up and down I prefer to use a gravity contact of the
type set forth in the Complete Specification accompanying my Letters Patent
number 339 of the year 1885 with reference to figure 35. The action of this
contact would be to allow the steam hot water hot air or other heating agent to
circulate through the pipes B B until the specific gravity had been brought by
evaporation to the required limit when the circulation of such heating agent would
be stopped. In practice it is generally convenient to employ both these contacts
the thermal contact serving to regulate the operation whilst it lasts and the gravity
contact to cause or allow it to cease when no longer required.
It is obvious that the evaporation need not be effected by the circulation of the
heating agent through the pipes B B. Fuel might be burned directly under the
tank A so as to heat its contents directly. The consumption of the fuel used for
the evaporating of the liquid in A or for the heating of the heating agent passed
through B B may be governed controlled or regulated by the means set forth with
"reference to the first useful purpose herein before mentioned.

page_text: The fifth of the useful purposes hereinbefore referred to is the governing con-
trolling or regulating the action of distilling apparatus after the manner referred
to in the complete Specification accompanying my Letters Patent No. 339 of the
year 1885. This is diagrammatically represented in figure 30 in which A is the
furnace for the evaporation of the liquid in B. D is a still which is kept cold by
cold water driven through the coil F by the propeller H in this case a rotary pump.
The rotary pump is driven by the electromotor E which is actuated by the
contact C. The admission of air to the furnace is regulated by the valve or
damper Joperated by the electromotor E' actuated by the contact C³. The
operating device instead of consisting of the propeller H might consist of a valve if
the water circulated through the pipes F by means of gravity. Other forms of
valve would answer the purpose equally well with the damper J. In the case
illustrated the contact C is preferably a thermal contact placed in D and multiplex
in one direction only. It would be unnecessary for it to be duplex_as it would
not be necessary to reverse the direction of the electromotor. It suffices to call
it into action when required and allow the action to cease when no longer required
and vary its speed whilst it is in operation. The automatic contact C³ is also
preferably a thermal one placed in A and it also need not be duplex as the damper
would descend by its own weight. The consumption of fuel in A may be governed
controlled or regulated by the means set forth with reference to the first useful
purpose hereinbefore mentioned.
The 6th of the useful purposes hereinbefore referred to is the governing con-
trolling or regulating the action of desiccating apparatus after the manner referred
to in the Complete Specification accompanying my Letters Patent number 339 of
the year 1885. This is diagramatically represented in figure 31 in which A is a
chamber containing B the matter to be desiccated. F is a pipe admitting hot air
and D an exit pipe. F is fitted with a valve H operated by the electromotor E
actuated by the automatic contact C. If it is desired to desiccate the matter at a
constant temperature I prefer that C should be a thermal contact, but if the object
is simply to terminate the operation when B is sufficiently dry prefer that
C should be a gravity contact of a barometric type. These thermal and gravity
contacts will act in the same manner as the thermal and gravity contacts herein-
before mentioned with reference to figure 29. In most cases it is preferable to
employ both as mentioned with reference to figure 29. It is evident that the
valve H may be replaced by a propeller. It is also evident that the operating
device may be affixed to D instead of to F. Instead of the matter B being
desiccated by the passage through the vessel A of hot air it may be desiccated by
the action of burning fuel placed under or around A and the consumption of this
fuel and of that used for heating the air passed through A may be governed
controlled or regulated by the means referred to with reference to the first useful
purpose hereinbefore mentioned. The most useful type of electromotor will be
obvious from what has been stated previously.
The 7th of the useful applications hereinbefore referred to is the governing
controlling or regulating the action of an apparatus for testing and returning to the
furnace waste gases after the manner referred to in the complete Specification
accompanying my Letters Patent No. 339 of the year 1885. Figure 32 diagram-
matically illustrates this case. A is a chamber in connection as shown with a main
flue B by means of the pipes a¹ and a². A gas pipe D supplies gas to a small flame
which receives air in slight excess to maintain it from the air pipe F. Land M are
branch pipes leading from the flue B to different parts of the furnace. The part of
the furnace to which M leads is nearer that part at which air and fuel are supplied
than is the part to which L leads. N is a valve in the main flue B H a valve in
branch pipe L and K a valve in branch pipe M. These valves are respectively
controlled by electromotors E' E' and E³. C and C are thermal contacts in A
which I may call the testing chamber. The action of the apparatus is as follows:
A portion of the waste gases from a furnace passing through the flue B will pass
through the testing chamber A. If these waste gases are thoroughly burnt before
--

page_text: entering A no further heat will be produced but if there is any unburned gas or
fuel present in the waste gases they will be ignited further heat will be developed
and the thermal contact C brought into action. This will complete circuit through
the electromotors E¹ and E³ causing valve N to be closed and valve H to be opened.
The effect of this will be to pass the waste gases back through L to the furnace.
If the unburned gases be in greater proportion the temperature in A will rise still
higher and C¹ set for a higher temperature will come into play. Circuit will then
be completed through E³ which will open valve K and pass the gases back
through M to the furnace. In the figure I have shown the operating devices H
and Kas valves but in practice I prefer to have them propellers. When I close
the valve N I open another so as to allow of free circulation of the gases.
It will be seen that the automatic contact actuates the electromotor by calling it
into action when required causing or allowing such action to cease when no longer
required and in some cases regulating such action whilst it lasts.
It will also be seen that the electromotor operates the operating device by calling
it into action when required causing or allowing such action to cease (or causing
or allowing the operating device to come to rest or to return to its normal position
as the case may be) when no longer required and in some cases regulating such
action whilst it lasts.
Several electromotors may be actuated by a single automatic contact or vice
versa. In practice one or several electromotors may operate one or several
operating devices and one or several automatic contacts may actuate one or several
electromotors.
In the provisional specification preceding the present complete specification
I referred to eleven applications of my governing controlling or regulating
apparatus to useful purposes whereas in my present complete specification I set
forth only seven of these. I do not find it necessary to set forth the four others
in my present complete specification inasmuch as I find that they are sufficiently
set forth and claimed in the complete specification accompanying my Letters Patent
No. 339 of the year 1885.
It will be readily understood that in many of the cases hereinbefore set forth
one form of operating device may be substituted for another.
I desire it to be understood that the devices and parts hereinbefore set forth
may be rearranged inter se to an almost indefinite extent.
As it is not always convenient nor advantageous to use electricity for doing
work which is heavy I may bring about any of the actions herein referred to
indirectly, using mechanical power for that purpose. For example I may employ
any convenient intermediate mechanisms such for instance as those mentioned in
the Complete Specification accompanying my Letters Patent No. 339 of the year
1885 and diagrammatically illustrated therein in figures 96, 97, 98 and 99.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim is:-
1. The combination of an electromotor an automatic contact a source or reservoir
of electrical energy and an operating device for the purpose of governing con-
trolling or regulating or keeping constant the pressure of steam in a boiler
substantially as set forth.
2. The combination of an electromotor an automatic contact a source or reservoir
of electrical energy and an operating device for the purpose of governing controlling
or regulating the manufacture of water gas substantially as set forth.
3. The combination of an electromotor an automatic contact a source or reservoir
of electrical energy and an operating device for the purpose of governing controlling
or regulating the condensation of steam substantially as set forth,
4. The combination of an electromotor an automatic contact a source or reservoir
of electrical energy and an operating device for the purpose of governing controlling
or regulating the action of evaporating apparatus substantially as set forth.

page_text: 5. The combination of an electromotor an automatic contact a source or reservoir
of electrical energy and an operating device for the purpose of governing controlling
or regulating the action of distilling apparatus substantially as set forth.
6. The combination of an electromotor an automatic contact a source or reservoir
of electrical energy and an operating device for the purpose of governing controlling
or regulating the action of desiccating apparatus substantially as set forth.
7. The combination of an electromotor an automatic contact a source or reservoir
of electrical energy and an operating device for the purpose of governing controlling
or regulating apparatus for testing and returning to the furnace waste gases sub-
stantially as set forth.