IMPROVEMENTS IN THE FURNITURE OF DOOR LOCKS AND LATCHES, AND IN THE MEANS USED IN APPLYING THE SAME
Year: 1865

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Martin, of Newman Street, Oxford Street,
in the County of Middlesex, Joiner, and Foreman to Messrs.
Graham and Graham, of Oxford Street, for the Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE FURNITURE OF DOOR LOCKS AND LATCHES, AND IN
THE MEANS USED IN APPLYING THE SAME."
Sealed the 3rd April 1866, and dated the 20th December 1865.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Martin at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
20th December 1865.
I, JOHN MARTIN, of Newman Street, Oxford Street, in the County of
Middlesex; Joiner; and Foreman to Messrs. Graham and Graham, of
Oxford Street, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE FURNITURE OF DOOR LOCKS AND LATCHES, AND IN THE
MEANS USED IN APPLYING THE SAME," to be as follows:-
Bearing plates with bosses adapted to pass into recesses for them are
applied one on each side of a door (when the lock or latch is applied in a
mortice) opposite the "follower." The spindle may be fixed at one end
to one of the knobs, and that knob may have a projection or neck or a
loose filling piece to pass into the hollow boss of the bearing plate on that
side and thus support that end of the spindle centrally. The other end of

page_text: the spindle is formed with a screw thread to receive a nut which passes
into the boss of the bearing plate on the opposite side of a door to support
that end of the spindle. This nut may have holes or recesses to facilitate
turning it by a key or otherwise, and this knob is provided with a neck
which also passes into and bears upon the inside of the boss in this last
bearing plate. The neck on the knob has a groove or recess around it,
into which when the knob is applied a sliding piece or bolt carried by that
bearing plate is passed to hold the parts correctly together. This sliding
piece or bolt may be aided in retaining correct position by a spring or
otherwise. A pin or pins from the neck of the knob may pass into a recess
or recesses in the nut to steady it. By these means, in addition to a secure
and simple holding of the knob to the spindle, the spindle and knobs are
held more steadily and independently of the "follower." I form the holes
or recesses for the bosses of the bearing plates by a cutting instrument
which at its cutting parts is similar to a "centrebit," and is of size corre-
sponding with the bosses, but in place of.its having the ordinary centre pin
as an axis of its motion it is formed to pass over and turn upon the knob
spindle, or a spindle in its place, which then serves as the axis or centre of
motion of the cutting instrument to insure the correct relative position of
the holes or recesses produced, and consequently of the bearing plates when
applied. The depth of cut is regulated by a guard.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said John Martin in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 20th June 1866.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOHN 2
MARTIN, of Newman Street, Oxford Street, in the County of Middlesex,
Joiner, and Foreman to Messrs. Graham and Graham, of Oxford Street,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twentieth day of December, in the year of our 3
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-five, in the twenty-ninth year of
Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto
me, the said John Martin, Her special licence that I, the said John
Martin, my executors; administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the
said John Martin, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at 3
any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times

page_text: thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE FURNITURE OF DOOR LOCKS AND LATCHES, AND IN THE
MEANS USED IN APPLYING THE SAME," upon the condition (amongst others)
that I, the said John Martin, my executors or administrators, by an instru-
ment in writing under my, or their, or one-of their hands and seals, shcu'd
particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and
in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be
filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said John Martin, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement thereof, that is to say :-
:
The object of the improvements is, first, to obtain increased security
with accuracy of action to the furniture of door locks and latches, as also
simplicity in the application thereof; secondly, the improvements relate
to means used in applying such parts. For this purpose bearing plates with
bosses adapted to pass into recesses for them are applied one on each side
of a door opposite the "follower" when the lock or latch is applied in a
mortice. The spindle may be fixed at one end to one of the knobs, and
that knob may have a projection or neck or a loose filling piece to pass
into the hollow boss of the bearing plate on that side and thus support
that end of the spindle centrally. The other end of the spindle is formed
with a screw thread to receive a nut which passes into the boss of the
bearing plate on the opposite side of a door to support that end of the
spindle. This nut may have.holes or recesses to facilitate turning it by a
key or otherwise, and this knob is provided with a neck which also passes
into and bears upon the inside of the boss; in this last bearing plate the
neck on the knob has a groove or recess around it, into which when the
knob is applied a sliding piece or bolt carried by that bearing plate is passed
to hold the parts correctly together. This sliding piece or bolt
aided in retaining correct position by a spring or otherwise. A pin or pins
from the neck of the knob may pass into a recess or recesses in the nut to
steady it. By these means, in addition to a secure and simple holding of
the knob to the spindle, the spindle and knobs are held more steadily and
independently of the "follower." I form the holes or recesses for the
losses of the bearing plates by a cutting. instrument which at its cutting
may be

page_text: parts is similar to a "centrebit," and is of size corresponding with the
bosses, but in place of its having the ordinary centre pin as an axis of its
motion it is formed to pass over and turn upon the knob spindle or a
spindle in its place, which then serves as the axis or centre of motion of
the cutting instrument to insure the correct relative position of the holes.
or recesses produced, and consequently of the bearing plates when applied.
The depth of cut is regulated by a guard.
But that the improvements may be fully understood I will, by the aid of
the accompanying Drawings, proceed to describe means pursued by me.
0
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Figure 1 shows a longitudinal section, and Figure 2 an external view of
a pair of door knobs and parts connected therewith arranged according to
my Invention; Figure 3 is a section thereof; Figures 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10,
11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, and 18 show parts separately in order that their
construction may more clearly appear. In each of these views the same
letters indicate corresponding parts wherever they occur. a is the spindle,
which is shewn to be of a square form in its cross section, as is the iisual
practice, in order to it's more readily acting upon the follower or other part
to release the bolt or catch of the latch or lock. This spindle may be
affixed by a set screw a¹ or otherwise to one of the knobs b, which is formed.
with a projection or neck b¹, or it may be a loose filling pièce of size.
corresponding with a hollow recess or hollow boss c¹ formed in the bearing
plate in order to give a steady support to that end of the spindle a; dis
the bearing plate through which the other end of the spindle à passes, and
it is formed with a hollow recess d², similar to that in the plate c, to receive
a nut e, which is tapped to screw on to the screw thread formed on the
square, edges of that end of the spindle a. This nut e is formed with holes
e¹ through it to facilitate turning it on the spindle a so as to screw up the
knob or handle 6 on its opposite end. The knob f for this end of the
spindle is also provided with a neck f¹, which also passes into and is
supported by the recess d¹ formed in the bearing plate d. Through the
neck is formed the square hole to receive the screwed end of the spindle,
so that when the knob or handle fhas been slided on to that end of the
spindle a, a turning of that knob or handle f will turn the spindle a.
The neck has a groove fs around it into which, when the knob
is applied on the spindle as stated, there is forced one end of a sliding
piece or bolt g, which is carried by the bearing plate d in order to keep
the knob or handle on the spindle. This sliding piece or bolt g may be

page_text: aided in retaining correct position by a spring or otherwise; g¹, g¹, are
stops to the bolt g; a pin or stud f, projecting from the inner end of the
neck, by passing into one of the holes e in the nut e retains it steadily.
in position; c and d are pins projecting from the plates c and d to pass
into the surfaces of the doors to which these plates are applied to hold them
correctly in position. Figures 4 and 5 show external side and end views
of the spindle and knob b; Figure 6 shows the same partly in section;
Figure 7 shows an edge view, Figures 8 and 9, two opposite side views,
and Figure 10, a section of the bearing plate c; Figures 11 and 12 show
two opposite side views, Figure 13, a section, and Figure 14, an edge view
of the bearing plate d; Figure 15 shows a sectional view, a side view, and
an edge view of the nut e; Figure 16 shows an external view, Figure 17,
an end view, and Figure 18, a section of a knob or handle f; Figures 19
and 20 show two opposite side views, Figures 21 and 22, two opposite edge
views, and Figure 23, an end view of an instrument adapted to facilitate
the correct cutting of the boles or recesses in doors for the bosses c¹ or d¹
of the plates c or d. This instrument at its cutting parts h, i, is similar to
those parts of an ordinary centrebit, and at k it is formed to pass into and
be worked by an ordinary bit stock; but in place of this instrument
having the ordinary centre pin it is provided with a spindle j, which by
being passed through a hole provided for it and into the "follower" or
other acting part for operating the latch or bolt of the lock or latch, serves
as a centre of motion for the cutting parts to insure the correct relative
position of the holes produced, and consequently of the bearing plates
when they are applied. This spindle j is formed with a neck by which
it is capable of turning in bearings carried by the stem of the cutters,
whilst the shoulder acts as a stop to regulate the extent of cut. In place
of the spindle being applied to such cutting instrument, the instrument
may be formed with a hole in it as a centre to receive the spindle of the
lock or latch, which would then serve as the axis of motion of the instru-
ment when in use.
Having thus described my improvements, and means which I adopt in
carrying the same into effect, I would have it understood that I do not
confine myself to the precise details shown and described, as these may be
varied without departing from the peculiar character of the Invention ; but
what I do claim is,―
First, the method of forming the bearing plates and parts connected
therewith. for securing the furniture of door locks and latches substantially
As described:

page_text: Secondly, I claim the mode of arranging apparatus for cutting holes for
bosses or parts of bearing plates of lock and latch furniture substantially
as explained.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Martin, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Eighteenth day of June, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-six.
JOHN MARTIN. (L.S.)