IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF PLOWS AND IN THE METHOD OF LAYING OFF AND CONSTRUCTING THE MOLD BOARDS FOR THE SAME
Year: 1882

page_text: "
LETTERS PATENT to Chester Ammen Snow, of the city of Washington,
district of Columbia, in the United States of America, Patent Solicitor,
for an invention of IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF PLOWS AND
IN THE METHOD OF LAYING OFF AND CONSTRUCTING THE MOLD BOARDS FOR
THE SAME."
A. communication by John Quin, of Wakeman, in the county
of Huron and State of Ohio, in the United States of America
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Chester Ammen Snow at
the Office of the Commssioners of Patents on the 6th May 1882.
CHESTER AMMEN SNOW, of the City of Washington District of Columbia in
the United States of America, Patent Solicitor, IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
CONSTRUCTION OF PLOWS AND IN THE METHOD OF LAYING OFF AND CONSTRUCTING
THE MOLE BOARDS FOR THE SAME, a communication from John Quin of Wakeman
in the county of Huron, and State of Ohio, in the United States of America
The invention relates not only to improvements in plows but also to a novel
method of laying out and construction moled boards therefor whereby the efficiency
of the plow is greatly increased.
In the method of laying out the moled board the plow share will be included as
its curvature must necessarily conform to the curvature of the moled board.
Referring to the annexed diagrams In figure 1, let A B be the rectangular
length of moled board marked on land line C, D, greatest overlap of moled board at
rear. E, F, width of sod or slice to be turned over.
In figure 2 let A, B, be land line of plow, from A draw A, C, perpendicular
to A, B, and equal C, D. Fig. 1. From B draw B, D, at right angles to A. B,
make B E equal to E. F. Fig. 1. (width of sod) From E, draw E, F, parallel
to A, B, on the line B. D, extended find the point from which a circle described will
pass through the points B and C, draw the circle B, C, and mark the point P,
where it crosses the line F, E.
C, P, B is the upper construction line of mold board which will stand
perpendicular at P. A B is land line, A. C rear and B the front land corner of
sliare

page_text: In figure 3 take a rectangular smooth block of wood of the length A, B, the
width Č D, and a few inches more than the height E, F, Fig. 1. A, B, C, D Fig. 1,
is a side view of it, C, D, ground line, D front point furrow side. Make D, G
equal E, F, Fig. 1, and draw F E parallel to C, D. From D as centre with
radius A, B, Fig. 1 or 2 describe a circle E, F, at G, join D G, which is equal to B. G,
Fig. 2 and extend and make G, K equal to G, A, Fig. 2. D. G, G, K are equal
to B G, GA, Fig. 2. draw G, H, K L, perpendicular to C, D, and cut the block at
right angles to its face, on the lines D G K, K L, it will be the triangular block
Fig. 4 right angled at A into which the shape and curvature of the moled board will
be cut.
Take the figure B A, A C, C P B, cut out of Fig. 2 and place it on the upper or
diagonal line B C of Fig. 2, the point B, Fig. 2 on the front land side corner B of
Fig. 4, the point A Fig. 2 on the rear land side corner of Fig. 4, the rear side A. C,
Fig. 2 will fit on rear side C, A Fig. 4 then mark the circular line C P B and the
point P.
In figure 5. Turn up the ground side of block Fig. 4 it will be Fig. 5. C D is
now the land level, mark D G equal B H, Fig. 4 and G C equal H A, Fig. 4,
draw GO, CK at right angles to CD and equal to E F, Fig. 1 (width of sod)
join D O, and OK parallel to C D. DO, O K are the ground lines of the mold
board. Mark DO, O K on the block and place its ground side again on ground,
the lines then will be as in Fig. 5, A B being land line. B the front land side
corner of plow share. BO, O K, ground lines of mold board. G O, width
of sod.
The point P in circular line on the upper or diagonal side of block will be
perpendicular above point O on ground side. Then cut into the block from furrow
side to the points P above and the point O below and cut away the block so that
a straight edge one end of which is held on the point O below will revolve round
on the circular line above to the point B in front, the line of straight edge will give
the curved surface of board from the line O P forward.
To get the part of the board to rear of O, P, divide the circular line from P to C
above and the line O to F on ground into any equal number of parts. join the next
above and the next below to O P and cut into the block to these points, then next
points above and below and cut into them, and so on to the end. Bring to a
uniform surface which will join the curve of board to the rear of O P.
As the board need not go farther to the rear on the ground than the point O
where it attains to full width from land side, it can be cut off from the rear point C
above to below in a right line or as in most other plows by a circular line
convex to the rear.
As the foregoing includes the plow share, any part of the front may be cut off
and a share of similar curvature attached in its stead. By smoothing the face of
tha block it will have the required shape and curvature of the board and the board
may be made in any of the many ways in which mold boards are made provided it
conforms to the shape of the block.
It may be made of sheet steel bent to the required shape or cast from a model of
lead bent to the proper shape, or a model may be made of strips of pine an
inch thick and three or four inches wide at one end and running to a point at
the other, the narrow ends to be placed at the point O on ground line from
which all the lines from O P forward radiate, the pieces to rear of O P may
be put in any manner to fit the shape of the block best, which should be
preserved.
Then bring to the proper thickness and a uniform smooth surface the same
as the block,
The board at a point where its upper edge is about eight or nine inches from
land line will have a sufficiently strong strip attached to it, the strip will stand
vertical, one edge attached to board, while its side will be at right angles to the
beam. Both beam and strip will have each a vertical row of holes to receive a
bolt each by which and the adjustable slot will be secured horizontally one end

page_text: to the strip the other to the beam, so that the slot can be moved up and down and
to this slot, the rear end of a draft arm or beam, will be secured, thereby making it
(the beam) adjustable vertically and horizontally. A solid block of wood is not
necessary for construction of mold. An inch board for upper or diagonal side, and
board for lower or ground line arranged the same as upper and lower line of block
with a board for land side will suffice.
The improvements in the construction of the plow consist in attaching a draft
arm or beam to the furrow side of the usual plow beam to bring the draft arm in
the true line of draft. To this end the coulter beam is run slightly beyond the
point to which the coulter is attached and immediately over the land line so that
the outside edge of the coulter will be over the land line. Just beyond the coulter
the beam is bent laterally towards the furrow side and then extends forward again
and to it the draft beam is attached in such manner as to be adjustible vertically
while its rear end is adjustiby connected to a bracket or bracket arm so as to
adapt it for horizontal adjustment.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Chester Ammen Snow in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
10th October 1882.
CHESTER AMMEN SNOW of the city of Washington in the District of Columbia
and United States of America IMPROVEMENTS IN PLOWS AND IN THE METHOD
OF LAYING OFF AND CONSTRUCTING THE MOLD BOARDS FOR THE SAME, a
communication from John Quin of the City of Wakeman in the county of
Huron and State of Ohio, United States of America
The invention relates not only to improvements in plows but also to a novel
method of laying out and constructing mold boards therefor whereby the efficiency
of the plow is greatly increased.
In the method of laying out the mould board the plow share will be included as
its curvature must necessarily conform to the curvature of the mold board. I will
first describe the method of laying out and constructing the mold board referring
to the annexed diagrams figures 1 to 6 inclusive. Let A B be the length of the
mold board marked on land line, CD greatest overlap of mold board at rear, E F
width of sod or slice to be turned over.
Let A, B, figure 2 be the land line of the plow; from A draw A C perpendicular
to A B and equal to C, D figure 1. From B draw BD at right angles to A B.
Make BE equal to E F figure 1 (width of sod); from E draw EF parallel to
AB; on the line B D extended find the point from which a circle described will
pass through the points B and C ; draw the circle B C and make the point P where
it crosses the line FE. CPB is the upper construction line of mold board which
will stand perpendicular at P. A B is the land line AC the rear and B the front
land corner of share.
In figure 3 take a rectangular smooth block of wood of the length A B, the
width CD and a few inches more than the height EF figure 1, ABCD figure 1
is a side view of it, C, D ground line, D front point furrow side. Make D G equal
EF figure I and draw F E parallel to CD. From D as centre with radius Â B,
Figure 1 or 2 describe a circle E Fat G, join D G which is equal to B G figure 2
and extend and make G K equal to GA figure 2. DG, G K are equal to BG,
G. A fig 2. Draw GH, KL perpendicular to CD and cut the block at right
angles to its face, on the lines DGK, KL, it will be the triangular block figure 4
right angled at A, into which the shape and curvature of the mold board will
be cut.
Take the figure BA, AC, CPB cut out of Figure 2 and place it on the upper
or diagonal line BC of figure 2, the point B figure 2 on the front land side corner
B of figure 4.; the point A figure 2 on the rear land side corner of fig. 4. the rear
side A C, fig 2 will fit on rear side CA fig 4; then mark the circular line CPB
and the point P.
In figure 5, turn up the ground side of the block figure 4; it will be figure 5,
CD is now the land line; mark DG equal BH figure 4 and GC equal HA
figure 4, draw GO, C K at right angles to CD and equal to E F figure 1 (width of
sod); join DO and OK parallel to CD; DO, OK are the ground lines of the
mold board. Mark DO, OK on the block and place its ground side again on the
ground, the lines then will be as in figure 5, A B being the land line B the front
land side corner of plow share; BO, OK ground lines of mold board; GO width
of sod. The point P in circular line on the upper or diagonal side of block will be
perpendicular above point O on ground side. Then cut into the block from furrow
side to the points P above and the point O below, and cut away the block so that

page_text: a straight edge one end of which is held on the point O below will revolve round
on the circular line above to the point B in front; the line of straight edge will
give the curved surface of board from the line OP forward.
To get the part of the board to rear of O P divide the circular line from P to C
above and the line O to F on ground into any equal number of parts, join the next
above and the next below to O P and cut into the block to these points, then next
points above and below and cut into to them, and so on to the end. Bring to a
uniform surface which will give the curve of board to the rear of O P.
As the board need not go farther to the rear on the ground than the point o
where it attains its full width from land side; It can be cut off from the rear
point C above to O below in a right line or as in most other plows by a circular
line convex to the rear.
As the foregoing includes the plow share, any part of the front may be cut off,
and a share of similar curvature attached in its stead.
By smoothing the face of the block it will have the required shape and curvature
of the board, and the board may be made in any of the many ways in which mold
boards are made provided it conforms to the shape of the block. It may be made
of sheet metal bent to the required shape or cast from a model of lead bent to the
proper shape, or a model may be made of strips of pine an inch thick and three
or four inches wide at one end and running to a point at the other, the narrow
ends to be placed at the point O on ground line from which all the lines from the
line O P forward radiate. The pieces to rear of O P may be put in in any manner
to fit the shape of the block best which should be preserved.
Then bring to proper thickness and a uniform smooth surface the same as the
block.
The board at a point where its upper edge is about eight or nine inches from the
land line will have a sufficiently strong strip attached to it. The strip will stand
vertical, one edge attached to board, while its side will be at right angles to the
beam. Both strip and beam will have each a vertical row of holes to receive a
bolt each, by which an adjustable slot will be secured horizontally one end to the
strip the other to the beam, so that the slot can be moved up and down, and to
this slot, the rear end of a draft arm or beam, will be secured, thereby making it
(the beam) adjustable vertically and horizontally,
A solid block of wood is not
necessary for the construction of mold. An inch board for upper or diagonal side,
and a board for lower or ground line arranged the same as upper and lower line of
block with a board for land side will suffice.
Having described the method of laying out and constructing the mold board
for the plow I will now describe the improved plow referring more particularly to
figure 7,
A represents the mold board; H the land side, and D an adjustable wing pivoted
under the mold board. I is a short beam secured to the outer face of the landside
at its upper end, and provided with an upwardly-projecting arm I¹ pierced with a
row of holes arranged vertically in the arm.
F is an angular plate 'provided with a row of holes arranged vertically in its
vertical arm which register with the holes in the arm I' of the short beam. I. A
pin or staple is inserted in the holes in the angular plate and arm I whereby they
are secured together, and the angular plate F can be adjusted vertically on the
arm I
b is a row of holes in the horizontal arm of the angular plate F, and K a vertical
plate secured to the landside and mold board, and provided with a series of
adjusting-holes c.
B is a plow-beam provided with a row of vertical holes in its front end for
applying the draft; d is a pin passing vertically through the beam, and adapted to
enter one or other of the holes b in the horizontal arm of the angular plate F. To
the rear end of the beam B is secured a short platen projecting downwardly, and
provided with a hole for the reception of a pin passing thence into any one of the
holes c in the vertical plate K. By this construction it will be seen that the plow

page_text: beam may be adjusted vertically by adjusting the angular plate F vertically as
desired, and at the same time adjusting the rear end of the beam and that the
beam may be adjusted laterally by inserting the pin d in the beam in any one of
the rows of holes in the horizontal arm of the angular plate F, the rear end of the
beam being at the same time adjusted laterally
It will also be observed that the front end of the beam can be adjusted in a
vertical circle, so as to plow deep or shallow, by adjusting the rear end of the beam
only as desired.
Ċ represents a colter provided with serrations E on its longitudinal edges, adapted
to engage with a staple m passing around the front face of the colter and thence
into the the short beam I.
Having now fully described my invention and the manner in which the same
is to be carried into practical effect what I claim and desire to secure by letters
patent is:-
1st The herein described method of laying out and constructing mold boards
for plows substantially as set forth and shown by the diagrams, figures 1 to 6
inclusive.
2nd As an article of manufacture, a mold board constructed substantially as set
forth.
3rd A plow in which the beam is made adjustable horizontally and vertically
at both of its ends by the means substantially as shown and described and for the
purpose specified.
4th A plow having its beam constructed and arranged for adjustment as shown
and set forth in combination with a mold board constructed substantially as
specified.
In witness whereof I the said Chester Ammen Snow have hereunto set my
and seal this Ninth day of October In the year of our Lord, One thousand
Eight hundred and Eighty two.
CHESTER AMMEN SNOW. (L.S.)