IMPROVEMENTS IN MOTORS
Year: 1880

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Peter Jensen, of 33, Chancery Lane, London, for an
Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MOTORS." A communication from abroad
by Eduard Jacob Hahn, Director of the Allgemeiner Volks-Wirthschafts-
Verein, in Frankfort on the Maine, in the German Empire.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Peter Jensen at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 1st October 1880.
"C
PETER JENSEN, of 33, Chancery Lane, London. IMPROVEMENTS IN MOTORS."
A communication from Eduard Jacob Hahn, Director of the Allgemeiner Volks-
Wirthschafts-Verein, in Frankfort on the Maine, in. the German Empire.
In motors constructed according to this Invention is applied the well known
physical law, according to which a solid, liquid, or fluid body specifically lighter
than a fluid in which it is generated, or into which it is introduced, will rise
therein; thus, for instance, steam generated in water will rise to the surface; this
power is utilized to raise a bell, or to propel a wheel, such as a turbine like wheel
or a bucket elevator. In all cases the following principal parts are used and
combined, viz., a furnace or fire place, a boiler or generator heated thereby, and
valve and pipe appliances for regulating the action. Any suitable and well known
boiler may be used, but a vertical one is preferred, sometimes with pendent tubes,
each with or without internal tube for directing the downward or cooler currents.
A condenser may be used in connection with such a motor.
According to one arrangement, the boiler proper is made with air outer
cylindrical shell or part, which may be provided with cross tubes, and vertical or
other flues. In this shell or part is arranged a bell somewhat similar to a gas-
holder bell, and inside of this there is a pipe leading from the highest part of
the bell down to a lateral outlet from the boiler to the condenser, or into the
open air. There is a valve for closing the top of this pipe, and to the bell is
connected rod or other gear for actuating the valve. To the bell is connected a
connecting rod passing up through an aperture at the top of the boiler, and which
takes on to a crank on the driving or fly wheel shaft of the motor. When steam is
generated in the boiler, it raises the bell to the height of the stroke of the crank,
the tappet or other gear then opens the valve, and some steam will escape to the

page_text: condenser, or into the open air, but the bell when thus relieved of its internal
pressure descends immediately again, the exhaust valve closing; the instantaneous
opening of the valve may be effected by a counterweight, by a ball in a closed
space, by a spring, or by a hydraulic equalizing appliance.
The condenser is so placed that the condensed liquid flows back therefrom into
the boiler.
The bell may be raised by gases generated or introduced under the bell.
According to another arrangement a circular drum is arranged on the top of the
boiler, and connected thereto by a slanting pipe from the top of the boiler, and
another pipe connected with a lower part of the boiler. In the drum there is a
turbine like wheel capable of revolving freely on its shaft, which is the motor
shaft. The drum having been filled with a fluid, such as water, the steam
generated in the boiler (or gas generated or introduced therein), rises by the
slanting tube to the turbine wheel, driving the water out of one compartment
or bucket after another, and thus causing the wheel to rotate; the water
evaporated is made up by the water descending from the drum by the other
aforesaid pipe. The steam escapes ultimately by a pipe to the condenser (or into
the atmosphere), the condensed water may thence return to the boiler. Or the
used steam may be led to another similar apparatus, then if required to a third
such apparatus, and so on till condensed. If the second or following apparatus are
to work with the same speed as the first motor, then it suffices to make up for
the beat used in the first motor.
Instead of a drum a bucket elevator may be used with annular casing.
The steam or gas for moving the bell or the wheel may, as described, be
generated in the boiler or generator immediately beneath, or in another generator.
According to another arrangement, a liquid collecting tank is placed between
the boiler and the wheel drum, and there is a passage between the said tank and
the lower part of a float casing with a valve closing towards the tank; the water
space in the boiler communicates also with the lower part of the float casing, and
there is an intermediate valve closing towards the float casing; the upper part of
the latter is by a lever connected to a valve communicating with the boiler steam
space, and serving to admit steam to the turbine drum through a valve, which is
operated by the aforesaid valve lever or in connection therewith. A pipe from the
turbine drum is in connection with a governor for regulating the exit, the float
serves for regulating the water level in the boiler, and thus forms a feed apparatus.
Or the pipe to the float may come direct from the lower part of the drum instead
of from a collecting tank below it. An apparatus of this class is especially suitable
for working with higher pressure.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Peter Jensen in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 1st April 1881.
PETER JENSEN, of 33, Chancery Lane, London. "IMPROVEMENTS IN MOTORS."
A communication from Eduard Jacob Hahn, Director of the Allgemeiner Volks-
Wirthschafts-Verein, in Frankfort on the Maine, in the German Empire.
In motors constructed according to this Invention is applied the well known
physical law, according to which a solid, liquid, or fluid body specifically lighter
than a fluid in which it is generated or into which it is introduced will rise therein;
thus, for instance, steam generated in water will rise to the surface; this power is
utilized to raise a bell or to propel a wheel, such as a turbine like wheel or a bucket
elevator. In all cases the following principal parts are used and combined, viz., a
furnace or fire place, a boiler or generator heated thereby, and valve and pipe
appliances for regulating the action. Any suitable and well known boiler may be
used, but a vertical one is preferred, sometimes with pendent tubes, each with or
without internal tube for directing the downward or cooler currents. A condenser
may be used in connection with such a motor.
And in order that this Invention may be fully understood, I will proceed to
describe the same with reference to the accompanying Drawings, of which Figure 1
is a vertical section through such an apparatus; Figure 2 a plan, and Figure 3 a
plan section on line A, B, Figure 1.
outer
According to this arrangement the boiler proper is made with an
cylindrical shell or part a, which may be provided with cross tubes b and vertical
or other flues. g is the firebox and g' is the pipe to the chimney. In this shell or
part a is arranged a bell c somewhat similar to a gasholder bell, and inside of this
there is a pipe & leading from the highest part of the bell c down to a lateral outlet
from the boiler to the condenser or into the open air. There is a valve e for
closing the top of this pipe d, and to the bell c is connected rod for other gear for
actuating the valve. To the bell is connected a connecting rod p passing up
through an aperture at the top of the boiler, and which takes onto a crank q on the
driving or fly wheel shaft q³ of the motor. When steam is generated in the boiler
it raises the bell c to the height of the stroke of the crank, the tappet or other
gear then opens the valve e and some steam will escape to the condenser or
into the open air by the pipe d, but the bell c when thus relieved of its internal
pressure descends immediately again, the exhaust valve e closing; the instantaneous
opening of the valve e may be effected by a counterweight, by a ball in a closed
space, by a spring, or by a hydraulic equalizing appliance.
The condenser is so placed that the condensed liquid flows back therefrom into
the boiler.
The bell may be raised by gases generated or introduced under the bell.
Figure 4 is a vertical section through a motor of another form; Figure 5 a
horizontal section on line C, D, Figure 4, and Figure 6 is a similar section on
line E, F.
According to this arrangement a circular drum a is arranged on the top of the
boiler, and connected thereto by a slanting pipe d¹ from the top of the boiler and
another pipe e connected with a lower part of the boiler. The boiler is here shown
arranged with hanging tubes h in the fire box g. In the drum there is a turbine
like wheel b capable of revolving freely on its shaft q' which is the motor shaft.
The drum a having been filled with a fluid such as water, the steam generated in
the boiler (or gas generated or introduced therein) rises by the slanting tube & to
the turbine wheel b, driving the water out of one compartment or bucket after
another, and thus causing the wheel to rotate; the water evaporated is made up by
The steam
the water descending from the drum b by the other aforesaid pipe e.
escapes ultimately by a pipe d to the condenser (or into the atmosphere); the
condensed water may thence return to the boiler. Or the used steam may be led
to another similar apparatus, then if required, to a third such apparatus, and so
on till condensed. If the second or following apparatus are to work with the same

page_text: speed as the first motor, then it suffices to make up for the heat used in the first
motor.
Instead of a drum, a bucket elevator may be used with annular casing, as shown
in Figure 4a.
The steam or gas for moving the bell or the wheel may, as described and shown,
be generated in the boiler or generator immediately beneath or in another
generator.
Figure 7 is a vertical section through another form of apparatus.
According to this arrangement, a liquid collecting tank F is placed between the
boiler B and the wheel drum a, and there
a passage c between the said
tank F and the lower part of a float casing E with a valve e closing towards the
tank; the water space in the boiler communicates also by a pipe d with valve e¹
with the lower part of the float casing E, and there is an intermediate valve e closing
towards the float casing; g is the float therein, the upper part of which by a lever h
is connected to a valve i communicating with the boiler steam space by a pipe m,
and serving to admit steam to the turbine drum a through a pipe and a valve k
which is operated by the aforesaid valve lever or in connection therewith. A
pipe p from the turbine drum a is in connection with a governor q for regulating
the exit; the float g serves for regulating the water level in the boiler and thus
forms a feed apparatus.
Or according to an arrangement shown in Figure 8, the pipe c to the float
casing E may come direct from the lower part of the drum instead of from a
collecting tank below it.
An apparatus of this class is especially suitable for
working with higher pressure.
The action of these last named two apparatus is as follows:-The steam developed
in the boiler B rises by the pipe 7 and issues by the pipe p into the lower part of
the turbine wheel D propelling same; the flow is regulated by the valve and
governor. In order that the water level be maintained in the boiler it is provided
with the aforesaid feed apparatus which operates as follows:-As soon as the water
in the pipe o on the top of drum a stands higher than the level of the float g in the
casing E, the float will rise and open the valve i, but the flap valvek will be closed,
whereby the pressure in the boiler B and in the float casing E will be equalized,
and the water will by the law of hydrostatics run into the boiler. The float g
then drops down, closes the valve i, and opens the valve k through which the steam
from F flows into the turbine and also drives it.
This apparatus, with the modifications shown in Figure 7, that is, with the float
casing arranged at the level of the collecting tank F, may be used with the steam
jet motor described in the Specification of Patent No. 17,
80
And having thus described and ascertained the nature of this Invention, and
modes of carrying the same into effect, I declare that I claim,--
First. A motor having a fluid containing part with a bell connected to valve
appliances inside or outside of same and to driving mechanism, or with a wheel or
drum movable round an axis, and with a receiver for gases or steam (or a bucket
elevator appliance), the said gases or steam acting directly below on the* receiver
from the fluid container itself or from a special steam or gas producer, substantially
as described and shown.
Second. A motor operating as set forth in combination with the self acting
boiler feed apparatus, operating substantially as described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Peter Jensen, have hereunto set my hand and
seal, this First day of April, in the year of our Lord One thousand
eight hundred and eighty one.