IMPROVEMENTS IN PENCIL CASES
Year: 1881

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Gerard Wenzeslaus von Nawrocki, Proprietor of the Firm
of J. Brandt & G. W. v. Nawrocki, Patent Solicitor and Civil Engineer, of
124, Leipzigerstrasse, Berlin, Germany, for an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS
IN PENCIL CASES." A communication from Johann Faber, of Nuremberg,
Bavaria
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Gerard Wenzeslaus von Nawrocki
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 5th May 1881.
GERARD WENZESLAUS VON NAWROCKI, Proprietor of the Firm of J. Brandt &
G. W. v. Nawrocki, Patent Solicitor and Civil Engineer, of 124, Leipzigerstrasse,
A communication from
Berlin, Germany. "IMPROVEMENTS IN PENCIL CASES."
Johann Faber, of Nuremberg, Bavaria.
The outer tube or case is made of metal, wood, or other suitable or usual
material, and ornamented as desired. It has an inner tube which takes the pencil
or crayon and terminates a short distance from the lower end of the outer case,
which there may have a slight enlargement or chamber, and contains a washer.
through which the lead passes, and which at one side or edge is hinged to the
interior of the outer case, and at the opposite edge is connected to a rod or tube
intermediate between the pencil tube and the outer case, and by means of a cross'
peg or otherwise connected to the top or head of the latter, which fits on its outside
and contains a helical spring; this latter rests on the end of the head and against
the end of the case. The tendency of this spring is thus to pull the aforesaid
washer in a slanting direction and to jamb the pencil. To release the latter the
head must be depressed, which gives the washer a position more vertical to the
length direction of the case.
According to a modified form the inner or pencil tube is not fastened, but can slide,
and has below a piston like part to which one edge of the jamb washer is connected,
the opposite edge of a similar washer being hinged to the interior of the outer case;
by shifting the position of the pencil tube the washer is placed in a more or less
slanting or straight position to jamb or release the pencil. The upper end of the
pencil tube terminates in a head or knob which is guided in the outer case and
D

page_text: abuts against a helical spring, the lower end of which goes against a peg through a
slot in the pencil tube; this peg serves the same purpose as a shoulder on the
outside of the case in the first described form of case.
According to another arrangement the pencil is held in a split socket having at
one side a toothed shoulder and sliding in an inner tube, but guided by a groove
in a feather on the interior of the case, so that the socket and pencil are kept from
turning the case may be of metal, wood, ivory, or other suitable material; if of
wood it is made with a groove, and the socket with a corresponding feather; the
socket may be surrounded by a ring inside the case and sliding therein, and formed
with a groove for a spring fixed to the interior of the case, but the toothed
shoulder on the socket is preferred. The aforesaid inner tube in which the socket
slides has a longitudinal slot having one sided or pawl wheel like teeth along edge
gearing with the teeth on the socket, and holding it and the pencil when turning
the inner cylinder in one direction, and out of gear therewith when turning the
cylinder in the opposite direction.
The inner tube may have a slanting slot and the case with a peg fitting therein.
There is a helical spring between an interior shoulder of the case near its upper
end and an exterior shoulder on the upper end of the inner tube, so that the latter
will have the tendency to rise and to turn slightly round, causing the teeth to gear
and the socket and lead to be fixed. On depressing a head or knob on the inner
tube the latter will be slightly turned and the teeth be out of gear, and the socket
and pencil freely pass out of the case.
The lower taper part of the case is to unscrew for inserting a fresh pencil, but if
the socket is long enough so that it in its lowest position passes out of the case,
the latter need not have a screwed part there.
In a modified arrangement the inner tube is not made to slide, but is held by a
peg from the case entering a horizontal slot in the inner tube. The latter is turned
by means of a head or knob on a small tube having a slanting slot in which a peg
from the inner tube works.
In double holders or cases the inner tube may be pushed by means of a ring
sliding on the outside of the case, and united to the inner tube by means of pegs
passing through a slot in the case.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said Gerard Wenzeslaus von Nawrocki in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 5th November 1881.
• GERARD WENZESLAUS VON NAWROCKI, Proprietor of the Firm of J. Brandt &
G. W. v. Nawrocki, Patent Solicitor and Civil Engineer, of 124, Leipzigerstrasse,
Berlin, Germany. "IMPROVEMENTS IN PENCIL CASES." (A communication from
Johann Faber, of Nuremberg, Bavaria.)
The outer tube or case is made of metal, wood, or other suitable or usual
material, and ornamented as desired. It has an inner tube which takes the pencil
or crayon and terminates a short distance from the lower end of the outer case,
which there may have a slight enlargement or chamber, and contains a washer
through which the lead passes, and which at one side or edge is hinged to the
interior of the outer case, and at the opposite edge is connected to a rod or tube:
intermediate between the pencil tube and the outer case, and by means of a cross
peg or otherwise connected to the top or head of the latter, which fits on its
outside and contains a helical spring. This latter rests on the end of the head and
against the end of the case. The tendency of this spring is thus to pull the afore-
said washer in a slanting direction and to jamb the pencil. To release the latter
the head must be depressed, which gives the washer a position more vertical to the
length direction of the case.
Figure 1 of the accompanying. Drawings is a longitudinal section through such a
pencil holder; and Figures 2 and 3, sections through same on lines A, B, and C, D.
a is the outer tube, with which the inner tube b is firmly connected; this latter
receives the lead d or equivalent part, such as a crayon. The inner tube b is a
little shorter than the outer, and at. the lower end of the latter, which here is
shown enlarged, there is a washer c, which at one side is hinged at f to the outer
tube a, and has a hole for the lead d to pass through, as shown to a larger scale at
Figure 4. In the inclined position it jambs the pencil d, and especially so when
in writing an end pressure is exerted against the point of the lead. The other end
or side g of the washer c is by means of the tubular rod i connected to the head h
of the outer tube a, a pin passing through both; or it may have the form of a part
tube or rod. The head h has a tubular part & fitting on the tube a, and containing
a helical spring o, which rests on the end of the head h, and against the end of the.
case or outer tube a, thus tending to pull the washer c into a slanting direction,
and hence to jamb the pencil d, as stated. To release the pencil the head his
depressed, whereby the washer c assumes a position more or quite vertical to the
length direction of the case, in such a position the lead is free to pass in or out
of the case, all according to the position in which the case is held. The shoulder
limits the movement of the head, so that the washer c cannot be pushed down or
over too far beyond the square position.
According to a modified form the inner or pencil tube is not fastened, but can
slide, and has below a piston-like part, to which one edge of the jamb washer is
connected, the opposite edge of a similar washer being hinged to the interior of the
outer case. By shifting the position of the pencil tubo the washer is placed in a
more or less slanting or straight position to jamb or release the pencil. The upper
end of the pencil tube terminates in a head or knob, which is guided in the outer
case and abuts against a helical spring, the lower end of which goes against a peg
through a slot in the pencil tube. This peg serves the same purpose as a shoulder
on the outside of the case in the first described form of case. Figure 5 shows such
an arrangement. The inner tube b is loose, and is able to slide; its lower end has
a piston-like part, which at one side is connected to the side g of the binged

page_text: washer c, so that the latter may be inclined more or less by moving the tube b, the
upper end of which terminates in a head h, which is guided in the outer tube a,
and abuts against a helical spring o. The lower end of the latter comes against a
peg, which goes through a slot in the pencil tube b. The spring o tends to push
the washer c into a slanting position, and by pressing on the head the washer c
is put in a more or quite square position, the slot limiting this movement in a similar
manner as the shoulder in Figure 1, but not so perfect, because the tube b when
pushed along is pressed slightly to one side corresponding to the turning of the
washer c around its hinge, and the lead is thus liable to suffer injury. This con-
struction moreover only admits of using a short pencil, as the peg i limits its
length below. For the same length of lead the pencil case, Figure 1, may thus be
much shorter.
According to another arrangement the pencil is held in a split socket, having ab
one side a toothed shoulder and sliding in an inner tube, but guided by a groove
in a feather on the interior of the case, so that the socket and pencil are kept
from turning the case may be of metal, wood, ivory, or other suitable material;
if of wood it is made with a groove, and the socket with a corresponding feather;
the socket may be surrounded by a ring inside the case and sliding therein and
formed with a groove for a spring fixed to the interior of the case; but the
toothed shoulder on the socket is preferred. The aforesaid inner tube in which
the socket slides has a longitudinal slot, having one sided or pawl-wheel-like teeth
along one edge gearing with the teeth on the socket, and holding it and the pencil
when turning the inner cylinder in one direction and out of gear therewith when
turning the cylinder in the opposite direction.
Figures 6 to 10 represent two arrangements of pencil case constructed according
to this part of the Invention, which has the peculiarity (amongst others) that the
pencil cannot fall out.
Figure 6 is a longitudinal section of one arrangement; Figure 7, a cross section
on line x, x; and Figure 9, a detail of the pencil in its socket. The lead a is held
in a split socket b, having a head or toothed shoulder 1 and sliding in the inner
tube e, but guided by a groove in a feather on the inside of the outer tube c, see
Figure 7, so that the pencil cannot turn; the tube e has a longitudinal slot for the
toothed part 1 to slide in, and formed with pawl-like teeth for the part 1 to engage
with; by turning the socket b round the teeth come out of gear and the pencil
is free.
.
The inner tube may, as shown in Figure 6, have a slanting slot 2, and the case c
with a peg i fitting therein. There is a helical spring / between an interior
shoulder of the case c near its upper end, and an exterior shoulder or head e¹ on
the upper end of the inner tube e, so that the latter will have the tendency to rise
and to turn slightly round, causing the teeth to gear and the socket and lead to
be fixed. On depressing the head or knob e¹ on the inner tube e the latter will be
slightly turned and the teeth 1 be out of gear, and the socket band pencil a
freely pass out of the case. The lower taper part of the case is to unscrew for
inserting a fresh pencil, but if the socket bis. long enough so that it in its lowest
position passes out of the case c, the latter need not have a screwed part there.
In a modified arrangement, shown in longitudinal and transverse section at
- Figures 8 and 10, the inner tube or split socket e is not made to slide, but is held
by a peg 4 projecting from the outer case c and entering a horizontal slot in the
inner tube e. The latter is turned by means of a head or knob el on a small tube e²,
having a slanting slot 2 in which a peg i from the inner tube e works.
In double holders or cases the inner tube may be pushed by means of a ring
sliding on the outside of the case, and united to the inner tube by means of pegs
passing through a slot in the case.
I claim as the Invention communicated to me,-
:
First. In a pencil case the combination of the outer tube a with a washer c
hinged to the inner side thereof, and with a movable rod i working between the
outer tube a and an inner tube b fixed thereto, one end of the rod i being connected

page_text: to the washer c, and the other end having a head h, which by a spring o is pushed
away from the outer tube a so as to place the washer c in a slanting position and
jamb the pencil, substantially as set forth with reference to Figures 1 to 4.
Second. In a pencil case the combination of the outer tube a, the inner movable
tube b, the washer c, and the spring o, substantially as and for the purpose
described with reference to Figure 5.
Third. In a pencil case the combination of a toothed pencil socket, an inner tube
having a toothed longitudinal slot, and a peg which slides in a slanting slot for
the purpose of bringing the teeth in the socket in or out of gear with the teeth in
the longitudinal slot, substantially as set forth with reference to Figures 6, 7,
and 9.
Fourth. In a pencil case the combination with the pencil socket and an inner
tube having a longitudinal toothed slot of an outer tube, a spring and a peg
sliding in a slanting slot for the purpose of giving the slotted tube a slight turning
movement by pressing on the end of the case, substantially as described with
reference to Figures 6, 7, and 9.
Fifth. In a pencil case the combination of an outer tube, an inner slotted tube
which can be turned slightly, a pencil socket which is movable in the inner tube,
and a row of teeth which can be brought into gear with teeth in the pencil socket,
substantially as described with reference to Figures 8 and 10.
In witness whereof, I, the said Gerard Wenzeslaus von Nawrocki, have
hereunto set my hand and seal, this Thirty-first day of October, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and eighty-one.