Improvements in Vehicles to be used as Scavengers' Carts and for Fire Extinguishing or other Purposes.
Year: 1890

page_text: Date of Application, 19th Nov., 1890
Complete Specification Left, 18th Aug., 1891-Accepted, 14th Nov.,
1891
Improvements in Vehicles to be used as Scavengers' Carts and for
Fire Extinguishing or other Purposes.
ROBERT COOKE SAYER 11 Clyde Road, Redland Bristol Civil Engineer do
hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
The object of this invention is
(a) Increasing the utility of scavengers carts and
(b) Using the improvements for all purposes to which they may be applied.
The cart is arranged that it shall
1st. Brush up mud from roadways and raise it into the cart simultaneously.
2nd. Take up snow, raise it into the cart, melt it, and cause it to run from the
cart to the roadways and drains simultaneously.
3rd. Water the roadways, brush up the watered dust, and raise it into the cart
simultaneously.
4th. Water the roadways, and act as a roller simultaneously for making macadam
roadways.
5th. The usual purposes of a fire engine.
That these several objects may obtain, see drawing where Tigs. one and two
show the chief points in longitudinal and transverse views, and Fig. 3 a detail of
the clutch.
The cart is formed in chambers A. B. C and D when required for large, or C is
substituted for D when for small requirements: A and C are for mud snow and
dust, and are provided with doors E, and similar are fixed in the bottom through
which the material may be transhipped into auxiliaries: they are similarly formed,
trough shaped but inverted and the trough extemls inwards so as not to leave the
aperture, and forms shoots: all the doors have rubber strips against which they
are drawn by the ratchet and pinion shown: A, C and D are provided with the
usual incans for watering the roads.
B is for heating purposes and is provided with gas burners, with an opening in
front to adjust them, usual heating pipes circulate A and C with exits within
on top.
The cart frame is carried through as shown, and carried by the main drivers F,
and front wheels G that are shown to act as rollers: they are all loose on the axles,
and connected to run truly as shown, and arranged to be removed, by being formed
in half when desired for the cart to travel quickly, and not for rollers, and light
wheels are similarly substituted.
For the purpose of guiding, the axle H is produced and carries on each end the
bearing wheels J, and the toothed sectors K J carries the cart by means of the
curved girders and flange plates L: the worms M work K horizontally, and H
with Gare thus turned round as required when the handle wheel N actuates M by
means of the pinions and shafting shown, and so that J rotates against L, and is
prevented from lateral movements by its flanges: F receives its motion from the
engines O of known construction but arranged in two, cach half acting in opposite
directions when required, so that F also rotate in opposite directions and enables
the cart to turn on a centre: the gearing is shown for power; when speed is
required the small pinions P and the wheels Q are interchanged in a similar
manner to G.
For sweeping, picking up and depositing material in the cart, three brushes S
are provided, and the buckets R, and the whole with their gearing are suspended
by four verticals T and T and horizontal shaft X: T carry the ends of the
diagonal brushes and T' the remainder by means of the branches T³, these are

page_text: :
kept in place by means of guides from the cart frame: X is carried by T and the
three horizontal shafts and We carry the worms V, and T and T carry
the wheels U that are worked by them: U are prevented from vertical movement
and raise T and T by means of screw threads formed on them, and so that when
the band wheel, similar to N, and at the side of it, is rotated, the brushes, buckets,
and scraper S³ that acts upon and keeps S clean, are raised vertically or lowered :
R receive their motion from the pitch chain R which acts upon the wheel R³, that
is carried by X: this is shown in detail at Fig. 3 which gives a part transverse
vertical section of the friction clutch for putting R and S in and out of gear, and
also for raising and lowering them when the cart is either being driven forward,
backward, or is at rest, the same lettering being applicable: R³ has flanges forming
the groove R R* show two of three sectors that occupy the greater part of the
length of R each of R has two arms R' near their ends, in two cases these are
situate on opposite sides of R5, and in the other, in the centre, so that they shall
be in different vertical planes: all R have central screw-bolts R' that radiate to
the centre of K³, and R are parallel to R and both pass into the bearing R8:
R' carry the friction wheel nuts R': X carries the hand wheels R1 and R that
are provided with the annular grooves shown and prevent R from rising: X also
carries the two friction plates 12 that are connected together by means of arms,
and R¹ is connected to the lever R³ in such a way that R can force one of them
against R or R": R¹³ is centred upon T2 and works on one side of it, but acts by
means of a short arm on each side of R¹: T is connected to X by means of an
ordinary bearing, and the whole is raised together as explained: thus when the
cart is in motion and R and S are required out of gear Ris is put over for R" to
take against all R and cause them to rotate and draw in R by R' more or less
as required: R³ then rotates without working X or releasing R² from its teeth,
and in proportion as R are withdrawn, X with R and S can be raised, and the
actions reversed by moving R in the opposite directions: to put R³ in or out of
gear when at a standstill, R acts as before and R10 or R¹¹ is rotated to act similarly.
Re are only required, when R³ is so small in diameter that R7 does not give the
necessary leverage for actuating X.
For the purposes of a fire engine, the chamber Y is secured to the frame of the
cart and the driving axle P2 is fitted with a screw propeller, proper inlet and
outlet valves being provided.
Dated this 18th day of November 1890.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Vehicles to be used as Scavengers' Carts and for
Fire Extinguishing or other Purposes.
I ROBERT COOKE SAYER of 11 Clyde Road, Redland Bristol Civil Engineer,
do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-
The object of this invention is
Increasing the utility of scavengers carts and
(6) Using the improvements for all purposes to which they may be applied.
The cart is arranged that it shall
1st. Brush up mud from roadways and raise it into the cart simultaneously.
2nd. Take up snow, raise it into the cart, melt it, and cause it to run from the
cart to the roadways and drains simultaneously.
3rd. Water the roadways, brush up the watered dust, and raise it into the cart
simultaneously.
4th. Water the roadways, and act as a roller simultaneously for 'making macadam
roadways.

page_text: 5th. The usual purposes of a fire engine.
That these several objects inay obtain see drawing Sheets 1 and 2 where Figs. 1
and 6 in plan, 2 in longitudinal sectional elevation, 3, 4 and 5 in part transverse
section and part elevation, 7, 8 and 9 details of the friction clutch for raising and
lowering the buckets and brushes in longitudinal transverse sections and plan.
10, 11, 12, 13 and 14 other details of the same clutch used for transmitting the
power and putting the same in and out of gear for turning the cart upon a centre
or increasing or reducing its power and speed. The cart is formed in chambers AB,
C and D when required for large, or D is omitted and C is substituted for it, when
for small requirements: A and C are for mud snow and dust and are provided
with doors E, E are provided with the wings E A which form troughs to guide
the material into auxiliaries, and prevent stones or sticks obstructing their action:
the doors E have rubber strips, they are tightened up by proper handles, and they
are raised by the loose handle E B actuating the hinge spindle E E by means of the
pinion and wheel EC and E D. A, C and D are provided with the usual means
for watering the roads: B is for heating purposes and is provided with gas
burners, and it has an opening and door in front at E Z; usual heating pipes
circulate A and C.
The cart frame is carried through as shown and it is supported by the main
driving wheels F and front wheels G F are provided with the strap brakes FA
that are carried by the axle Y, these are actuated by the handle F B through the
bevel spur wheels at F C and F D, this gives motion to the right and left handed
screw E and draws in the rods FF and F G the reverse way and so tightens
or slackens the straps FA: F and G act as rollers for forming macadam roads,
they are made light, and the necessary weight is obtained by loading the cart.
For the purpose of guiding, the axle H. is produced and carries on each end the
bearing wheel upon which the cart rests, through the curved girder J A: it also
carries the toothed sectors K: JA by means of the attachments J B carry the
spindles and worm-wheels M: and by the attachment JC the shafts J Ď are
carried which, with the shafts J E, bevel spur wheels J F, J G, cog wheels J H
and pitch chains J J enables motion to be given to the worm wheels M when the
wheel handle N, which is mounted loosely upon the axle W, is rotated, and thus
causes the toothed sectors K to be thrust forward or backward, the one in the
opposite direction to the other, and so carry the ends of the axle H with it, and
make it turn as it were upon a centre but without one, while the bearing wheels J
rotate upon the girders J A whose flanges J K keep J in position laterally: for
turning the cart upon a centre one driving wheel is stopped the other is continued,
for this purpose each F is attached to a tube shaft FJ that is passed over the
axle Z and carries a cog wheel FK, these obtain motion from the engine O, of
known construction through the pinions O A, cog wheels Y A and pinions Y B,
each wheel being driven by its own pinion through a silence pitch chain of known
construction, and when power and slow speed is required and so that when either
of OA are put out of gear its corresponding wheel F is stationary, and the cart,
when the steering apparatus is so arranged, turns upon it as a centre: when light
power and quick speed are required to reach the site of a fire the pinions OA are
put out of gear and O B are put into gear and works the cog wheels F L which
are attached to and forms part of the driving wheels F.
R represents three of an endless chain of buckets that are carried and receive
motion by the axle R B: RA and R B are carried upon journals formed in the
vertical shafts RC; at the top each R C carry a screw thread that passes through
the cog wheels RD, RD are prevented from vertical movement by the bearings RE
and they receive rotary motion by the worm wheels R. F, when the wheel
handle RN which is fixed upon the worm shaft W is rotated at either end of Wa
bevel spur wheel is fixed, these work into and give motion to their fellows S A that
are fixed upon the same shafts as the worm wheels S B, these give motion to the
wheels $ C: the vertical shafts SD are similar to R C the ends of S D carry
:

page_text: :
journals that carry axles S E upon which the diagonal brushes SZ are fixed:
RC carry a frame RG: RG carries the rods R H this carries the journal upon
which the axle R A rotates: the frame R G also carries the rods SF that carry
by means of journals shown the ends of the axle S G to which the transverse brush S is
attached the frame R G also carries the rods S H that carry by means of journals
shown the ends of the axle S E: the frame R G similarly carries the intermediate
axle S Y that carries the bevel spur wheel SJ that works into its fellow upon the
axle SE, it also carries the pitch chain pinion S K that works its fellow upon
the axle RA: RA also carries another similar pinion that works its fellow upon the
axle S G thus when the handle R N is rotated both the shafts RC and SD are
raised by their screw threads, and they simultaneously raise or lower the three
brushes SZ and S, and the chain of buckets R: that SZ and S and also R may be
rotated, the axle R B carries the clutch cog wheel L, this receives motion from the
pinion YC by means of its silence pitch chain and rotates the axle R B and
buckets R, R also causes the axle RA to rotate, and through the pitch chains
working over the several pinions, and by the bevel wheels S J described also
communicates the motion to the brushes S and S Z.
That the motion of the brushes S and S Z and buckets R may be arrested and
also raised clear of the ground the clutch is formed as shown at Figs. 7, 8 and 9,
where Lis the peripheral cogged wheel which carries the pitch chain, it is flanged
as shown, and within these flanges three sectors L A are arranged for the greater
length of the intrados of the periphery, they carry a centrally fixed screw L B
and arms LC arranged laterally to pass one another: the screw bolts L B carry
serated or cogged screw pinions L D, that rest upon the hub or boss L E that is
keyed to the axle R. B: chambers are formed in the hub L E to receive L, B
and LC: the axle R B carries the frame L F that passes round L and has the
trunnions L G attached, these are connected by the links shown to the shaft LH,
that is carried by the frame of the cart: on the one side the horizontal pair of
links is attached to the handle LZ: the axle R B also carries the pair of wheel
handles LJ these carry serated or cogged rings LK: so that when the handle LZ
is thrust over one way or the other one of the handles L J is thrust over and its
cogs L K take into those of the pinions L D on the one side, while the cogs L K
of the other handle L J is thrust away from the pinions L D: thus when the
axle R B is in motion through the hub E and by reason of the sectors LA being
tight up against the wheel L when the handle L Z thrusts the handle L J towards
the wheel and so causes all the pinions L D to rotate, and being prevented from
rising by the flanges of the cogs L K, the screw bolts L B draw in their
sectors LA and so lowers the wheel L to the dotted lines shown, it then rotates
loose upon the sectors L A and is thus prevented from giving motion to the
axle R. Band brushes and buckets S and SZ and R: the wheel L being thus lowered
allows room for the buckets and brushes R and S and SZ to be raised clear of
the ground as described for the purpose of putting the buckets and brushes R
and S and SZ into gear again, or in or out of gear when the cart is at rest the
other handle LJ, is thrust against the pinions LD by the handle L Z, then the
wheel handle I is rotated and w.th it the pinions L D, this reverses the action
of the sectors LA, and again raises the cogged periphery Land rotates the axle R B
as before.
When the wheel L is in or out of gear as required the handle LZ is brought to an
intermediate position and so prevents the pinions L D being affected until required.
When the peripheral wheel L transmits power as in the case of the pinions OA
and OB see Figs. 10, 11, 12, 13 and 14, where frictional contact alone is insufficient,
the sectors LA are provided with a key OL, sunk below their surface and attached
to the rod O M that carries the spring ON within the screw bolt L B, O M are
continued down to the central part of the hollow axle X: within X and for its
whole length, Figs. 12 and 14, a small rod X A traverses it, that carries the
cones, XO A and XO B, the spring X B and diaphragm washer and head X C

page_text: the one end and diaphragmn washer with two arms attached to traverse slots in
the axle X, and nut, the other end, this diaphragm washer is able to be drawn
back and with it the rod X A against the spring X B, by means of the screw
threaded handle X D that traverses, when rotated, the screw thread on the outside
of the axle X: at the other end, Fig. 12, X carries by means of the screw thread
inside it the handled screwed tube XE that is also able to compress the spring X B
when extended the pinions OA and O B have one or more chambers O BL in
the cogged periphery rather larger than the key O L, so that after frictional
contact between the sectors LA and the periphery O B has been made and the
power partly transmitted, to prevent slipping, and when desired, either the
handle E or that of X D is screwed up, and the rod X A receives the thrust
of the spring XB, if the key O L is not opposite the chamber O B L, it is not
affected but immediately it is each of the cones thrust up the three rods OM,
compresses the spring ON and causes the keys O L to enter the chamber O BL
and prevents the slip: before putting the pinions OA and O B out of gear one of
the handles X E and X D is reversed, and after they OA and B are out of
gear and the sectors LA have been withdrawn and the periphery lowered, as it
continues to rotate and its bite still holds the key, when the key reaches the
lower part of the revolution the key clears itself and the spring ON draws it in
and each one in succession, and the wheel thus frees itself: the wheels OA and OB
are not provided with handles LJ as shown at Figs. 8 and 9, but similar frames L F
Figs. 1, 2 and 4 carry the serated or cogged rings L K and also the trunnions and
links, and the shafts L H are produced to allow the connecting link rod XZ to clear
the engine O two handles L'Z are also provided so that when either is actuated
the whole of the four wheels are affected, and when A are in gear B are out
of gear, or the reverse, but when it is given a central position all four are put out of
gear, and motion is given by the engine to the shaft X alone with the screw pump
for fire-engine purposes. For the purpose of working one driving wheel F only,
while the other is at rest, the connecting link rod XZ is provided with a screw
expansion coupling P, having a handle PA shown in detail at Fig. 13. X Z
and PXZ are the two central portions of the connecting link rod X Z, they carry
the flanges P B and P C: P A is attached to a threaded tube and carried
upon PXZ, and is screwed into the tube PD: PD is returned at the end so as
to take against the flange P B, so that when the handle PA is rotated PD and P? A.
are thrust away from the flanges P B and PC and allows either the part X. Z or
that of PXZ to be drawn over by one of the handles L Z without affecting the
other, and thus retaining the power of keeping the wheel OA in gear while the
wheel O B is out of gear, whichever side of the cart it is desired. That the keys OL
Fig. 11 above described may be put in and out of gear on one side of the cart
for the purpose of turning it on a centre, the rod X A is discontinued between
the central cones XOA and handles X E and springs X B are provided both ends
of the axle X, and they are made to work simultaneously or separately by means
of pitch pinion wheels and chains connecting with a transverse rod carried at the
side of the connecting link rod X Z.
For the purpose of a fire engine, water tight chambers Q are provided attached
to the frame of the cart, and through which the driving axle X passes: within the
chambers Q and completely filling it, and carried and worked by the axle X, a
spiral screw, or screw blades QA are provided, the peripheries of these carry by
means of grooves an elastic longitudinal spring that presses against the sides of the
chambers Q, its own force is assisted by small coil springs that are placed within
small chambers in the blades peripheries and act against it and the main longitudinal
spring and so assist in keeping it water tight: inlet and outlet pipes QB and Q C
are provided with usual self acting outlet valves within the chambers QE: the
inlet at QD has not a valve, so that when the supply pipe has been detached the
chamber drains itself and prevents damage by frost, and also allows free ingress
and egress for the air when the cart is acting for other purposes.

page_text: Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is
1st. The arrangement of two diagonal brushes directing mud or other material
upon roadways, toward a similar acting transverse central brush, which also projects
the remainder into buckets after they have raised the greater part, thus the whole is
raised and tipped into a cart; when snow is so treated it is heated by gas and melted
and passes through usual watering pipes to the roadways and drains substantially
as described.
2nd. The arrangements for gearing, driving, raising and lowering the brushes
and buckets, when the cart is in motion or at rest, whereby the driving chain or
belt passes over a clutch that is lowered upon its axle by means of the motion
of the cart, or by hand actuating friction wheels, and thus withdrawing
sectors fixed within the toothed periphery or drum of the clutch by means of screws,
and so slackening the driving chain or belt, and giving room for the brushes
and buckets to be raised, substantially as described.
3rd. The steering gear, and incans of supporting the body of the cart upon
radial friction wheels carried by the axle of the road wheels and toothed sectors
fixed upon each end of the axle so as to enable worm wheels to work the sectors,
and through them the wheels, when actuated through gearing by means of a hand
wheel substantially as described.
4th. The arrangement and use of screw propeller working within a water tight
chamber, and thus forcing water under pressure so as to act as a fire engine
substantially as described.
5th. The use of the several parts forming the whole either singly or collectively
substantially as described.
Dated this 17th day of August 1891.