IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR BRUISING, CRUSHING, AND EXPRESSING JUICE FROM CERTAIN VEGETABLE SUBSTANCES
Year: 1850

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JAMES
WHITE, of Holborn, in the County of Middlesex, Mill Maker, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her present most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Royal Letters Patent under the Great Seal of the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, bearing date at Westminster, the Thirty-first day of July,
One thousand eight hundred and fifty, in the fourteenth year year of Her reign,
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me; the said
James White, my exors, admors, and assigns, Her especial license, full power,
sole privilege and authority, that I, the said James White, my exors, admors,
and assigns, or such others as I, the said James White, my exors, admors,
or assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time
and at all times during the term of years therein expressed, should and
lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within England, Wales, and
the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, in the Islands of Jersey, Guernsey,
Alderney, Sark, and Man, and also in all Her Majesty's Colonies and Plan-
tations abroad, my Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR BRUISING,
CRUSHING, AND EXPRESSING JUICE FROM CERTAIN VEGETABLE SUBSTANCES;" in
which said Letters Patent is contained a proviso that I, the said James
White, shall cause a particular description of the nature of my said Invention,
and in what manner the same is to be performed, by an instrument in
writing under my hand and seal, to be inrolled in Her said Majesty's High
Court of Chancery within six calendar months next and immediately after
.

page_text: the date of the said in part recited Letters Patent, as in and by the same,
reference being thereunto had, will more fully and at large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
James White, do hereby declare that the nature of my said Invention, and the
manner in which the same is to be performed, are fully described and
ascertained in and by the present Specification thereof, reference being had to
the Drawings hereunto annexed, that is to say :-
My improvements in machinery for bruising, crushing, and expressing juice
are exemplified in Figures 1, 2, 3, and 4 of the said Drawings, which are views
in different positions of a machine adapted for bruising gorse or furze for the
use of cattle, for rasping potatoes for the manufacture of potatoe flour, or for
the expressing of the juice from apples and beet root, in the manufacturing of
cyder and sugar. Figure 1 is a front elevation; Figure 2, back elevation ;
Figure 8, a longitudinal section; and Figure 4, an end elevation. A, A, is the
general framework of the machine. B is the main shaft. C is a pulley on
the main shaft, through which the power from some prime mover may be
applied to give motion to the machinery, or (should manual power suffice to
work the machine) it may be applied to the main shaft by a crank handle.
D is a wheel affixed to the main shaft which gears into a pinion E, on the
spindle F. G is a box or case on the spindle F, within which there is fixed a
circular rasp or saw-toothed roller H; this roller is composed of a series of
thick circular saws, between every two of which there is interposed a plain
disc of metal of about one quarter of an inch in thickness, but of so much
less diameter that the teeth of the circular saws project beyond the peripheries
of the plain metal discs, besides which, the teeth of one saw are placed oppo-
site to the spaces between the teeth of the saw next to it. HI' is a comb,
which consists of a number of saw-formed teeth fitted into and securely fixed
in a bar of metal, which is secured to the frame A in such position that the
teeth of the revolving rasp just pass between and within the teeth of the
comb, which insures the complete rasping up of the substance operated
upon. I is a circular brush which occupies a position within the case G,
immediately over the saw-toothed roller H. The brush is put in motion
by a wheel K affixed on the same spindle F as the saw-toothed roller,
and which wheel gears into a pinion L on the spindle of the circular brush.
By this arrangement of the wheel gearing the circular brush revolves along
with and not against the teeth of the roller, but at the same time revolves with
greater velocity, and thereby is made to clear the roller from any substance
that may happen to be adhering to the teeth or surface of it. M, M, are a
pair of feed wheels, which are each composed of a set of discs with tangential

page_text: teeth formed on them, and combined together by being placed upon the
spindles on which they are mounted. These feed wheels derive a comparatively
slow motion from a pair of bevil wheels N, N, which give motion to a trans-
verse shaft O, which has an endless screw P cut upon it, which gears into the
crown wheel Q and worm wheel R, the former of which is upon the upper
feed roller spindle, and the latter upon the lower one. The upper feed roller
has its bearings in sliding pieces a, a, which move in slots in the general
framework, and to these sliding pieces there is attached a weight b, which is
suspended from the bent levers c, c, by which arrangement a uniform and
constant pressure is exerted upon the feed whether it be greater or smaller.
S, S', are a pair of bruising rollers, which are placed immediately underneath
the saw-toothed roller, and are put in motion by the wheel T, which gears into
the wheel D. The wheel T is affixed to the spindle of the roller S, and upon
the opposite end of that spindle there is keyed a wheel U, which gears into a
pinion V, keyed upon the axis of the roller S¹. The rollers S, S¹, are by
having wheels with different numbers of teeth upon them impelled at different
velocities, so that any substance which passes between the rollers is subjected
to a drawing as well as a crushing action. The crushing pressure exerted by
the rollers is produced, and may be regulated to any extent, by means of the
weight W, which, acting upon the longer end of the bent lever X, presses the
rollers together by the shorter end of the lever pressing against the bearings
of the roller S. The substance to be bruised, crushed, or mashed up into a
pulp, for. the purpose of expressing the juice, is put into the trough Y, and by
means of the feed rollers it is drawn into the machine, where it is first subjected
to the action of the circular rasp or saw-toothed roller, and next to the
crushing and drawing operation from the rollers S, S', after which it may
be collected in a trough placed underneath them, or may be gathered out from
beneath the machine, according to the nature of the substance operated upon.
And having now described the nature of my said Invention, and the
manner in which the same is to be performed, I declare that what I claim is
as follows:-
First, I claim the improved machine for the purpose of bruising, crushing,
and expressing juice from vegetable substances before described, in the original
arrangement and adaptation of parts of which the same consists, that is to
say, in so far as regards the combining in one machine, of the feed rollers, the
circular rasp, or saw-toothed roller, the toothed comb, the revolving brush,
and the crushing rollers, and whether these rollers be made to move with
equal or unequal velocities.
Second, I claim the employment in machinery for bruising, crushing, and

page_text: expressing juice from vegetable substances, of a brush revolving along with
circular rasps, saws, or toothed rollers, and the actuating of the same respectively
in such manner that the periphery of the brush shall move with a greater
velocity than the teeth of the rasp, saw, or roller, and so as to clear the teeth
from substances adhering to them, as before described.
In witness whereof, I, the said James White, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Thirty-first day of January, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-one.