IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHODS OF APPLYING, MOTIVE POWER TO THE IMPELLING OF MACHINERY. WHICH IM- PROVEMENTS ARE APPLICABLE TO SEVERAL USEFUL PURPOSES
Year: 1839

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I. HENRY
PINKUS, of Old Slaughter's Coffee House, Saint Martin's Lane, in the County
of Middlesex, Gentleman, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her present Majesty Queen Victoria, in and by Her Letters
Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date at Westminster,
the Twenty-sixth day of August, Onethousand eight hundred and thirty-nine,
for Herself, her heirs and successors, did give and grant unto me, the said
Henry Pinkus, Her special license, full power, sole privilege and authority,
that I, the said Henry Pinkus, my executors, administrators, and assigns, and
every of them, by myself and themselves, or by my and their deputy or
deputies, servants or agents, or such others as I, the said Henry Pinkus, my
executors, administrators or assigns, should at any time agree with, and no
others, from time to time and at all times thereafter, during the term of years
therein unexpired, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend,
within England, Wales, and the town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, and also the
Colonies and Plantations abroad, my Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
METHODS OF APPLYING, MOTIVE POWER TO THE IMPELLING OF MACHINERY. WHICH IM-
PROVEMENTS ARE APPLICABLE TO SEVERAL USEFUL PURPOSES;" in which said Letters
Patent there is contained a proviso obliging me, the said Henry Pinkus, by
an instrument in writing under my hand and seal, particularly to describe
and ascertain the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed, and to cause the same to be inrolled in Her Majesty's

page_text: High Court of Chancery within six calendar months next and immediately
after the date of the said recited Letters Patent, as in and by the same, reference
being thereto had, will more fully appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, 1, the said
Henry Pinkus, do hereby declare that my Invention of improvements in the
methods of applying motive power to the impelling of machinery, with the
several varied forms in which it may be applied, and the several uses to which
it is applicable, consits particularly in the methods of applying and using two
different and distinct but well-known sources of or means of obtaining motive
power, that is to say:-
Apneumatic atmosphericauxiliary power and a gaso-pneumatic power, both
of which I apply, in combination with machinery, to effect by varied means,
firstly, a method of performing the ordinary mechanical operations apper-
taining to agriculture, such as trenching, draining, ploughing, harrowing,
dragging, rolling, drilling, sowing, thrashing, grinding, and other such opera-
tions as are usually done by manual or animal labour; and secondly, in the
methods of applying and using one of the said sources of motive power,
viz., the gaso-pneumatic powers, incombination with machinery, to effect transit
on railways, common roads, and canals, and also to effect the other useful
purposes herein described,
The first of these sources of motive power, viz., the auxiliary power, is
generated or created under partial vacuum, and by the incumbent pressure of
the atmosphere, the vacuum being induced by stationary first movers, such
as steam engines, common water power, either hydrostatic or hydraulic, or any
other suitable first mover.
The secondly-mentioned source of power, viz., the gaso-pneumatic power,
constitutes in itself a first mover, being the application of the well-known prin-
ciples of explosive mixtures, by whose agency, when in combination and
arrangement with machinery, an efficient impelling force may be obtained,
that is to say, the agency of carburetted hydrogen gas, or any similar gas in
union with atmospheric air, mixed or combined in such proportions as to form
explosive mixtures, which, when ignited in close chambers, are made to act
on the pistons of ordinary cylinders, and, by the dilation of expiosive volumes,
produces an expansive force which will act against pistons, and put them in
motion in the same manner as is usually done by the expansive force of steam.
This secondly-mentioned source of power is also, as well as the first, made
available to effect the aforesaid operations of agriculture by the means herein-
after described.
The first-mentioned or pneumatic atmospheric auxiliary power is obtained

page_text: by means of a partial vacuum by rarifying or partially exhausting the
atmosphere contained in an extended air-tight main pipe or conduit, which
power may be transmitted to any required distance from any of the first
movers aforesaid in any required direction and course, and which main pipe or
conduit I connect with a system of close or hermetically sealed and air-tight
mains or pipes and other apparatus laid down in fields,plantations, or estates,
whereby and by means whereof I connect such fields, plantations, or estates
with the stationary first movers aforesaid, and am enabled, through the
medium thereof, to extend, transmit, and disseminate in all directions the
motive power of said first movers into, along, through, and over said fields,
plantations, and estates, and by taking up the said power at any point or part
of the said mains, and by applying the said power to locomotive impelling
engines, apparatus, and machinery, I cause the same to move in any direction
in, along, over, or through the said fields, plantations, and estates, and so put
in action implements of husbandry for the agricultural operations aforesaid,
or for any like purpose, and with such combinations I am enabled to effect
an economical cultivation of lands by the facility of putting into available
action the cheapest of all known.powers, viz., stationary prime movers, and
by the unlimited force of which powers I am enabled to put upon and exert,
by the means herein described, a greater quantity of labour than is usual or
practicable by the ordinary methods of cultivating lands, and thereby greatly
increase their fertility.
In order to apply the said secondly-mentioned source of motive power to the
aforesaid agricultural operations, I, in like manner as aforesaid, lay down in
fields, plantations, or estates a system of close or hermetically sealed mains,
pipes, apparatus,and machinery (in manner herein described), and unite them
with
gas or gasometer stations placed in convenientsituations for the purpose
of transmitting and disseminating gas for explosive power through the said
mains or pipes into, over, through, and along the fields,plantations, or estates
aforesaid, thus connecting the said fields, plantations, or estates with the said
gas or gasameter stations, and by the means thereof,and as herein described,
putting into action locomotive impelling engines, implements of husbandry,
apparatus and machinery, whereby also I am enabled to apply and supply
thereto the said other and well-known system of explosive power,and thereby
put in motion the same; and by these means likewise I am enabled to apply
to and expend upon the land a greater quantity of more economical labour in
the cultivation thereof, and increase the fertility thereof.
The following detailed Specifications, and the accompanying Drawings,
numbered from No. 1 to 9,and the figures therein marked, exemplify the parts

page_text: of my Invention designed to be applied to the said agricultural operations.and
the subsequent parts of this Specification, and the accompanying Drawings,
umbered 4 and X, X, X, exemplify those parts of my Invention in respect of
railways, common roads, and canals. Drawing No. 1 represents a perspective
view of extended fields, assumed herein to comprise an estate or estates, say,
equal toeight or sixteen square miles, to which the stationary power at A is to
be transmitted. This Drawing is not made to scale, nor are the engines,
apparatus, or machinery. The object is merely to convey a view of the appli-
cations and combinations aforesaid,and the methods and general arrangements,
situations, and actions of the principal features of the combination, making up
the agricultural applications, whilst the other accompanying Drawings are to
be considered and referred to in connextion with Drawing No. 1, and the
Specification. In the said Drawing A is the common station, whether for
pneumatic power or for supply of gas explosive power. To exemplify the said
first source of power A is a common stationary steam engine, which puts into
action air pumps connected therewith for the purpose of rarifying or partially
exhausting the atmosphere contained in the mains and pipes herein described.
A, A, is a common water wheel put in action by a running streamı, also to put
in action air pumps, and to effect the same object by common and well-known
gearing apparatus. Leading from the station A, or from A, A, and connected
with the receiver of the air pumps, I lay down the said system of mains and
pipes B, B, B, B, (whose positions are indicated by the red lines) such as
are commonly used for air or gas, having socket joints sealed with lead in
the usual manner. These mains or pipes are to be laid under ground, say,
to the depth of from two to three feet below the surface of said fields,
according to the nature of the drainage of such fields,and should be laid down
with slight inclinations, at the lowest parts of which should be placed such
common syphon wells as are used for the purposes of gas lighting, with the
view of collecting any condensation that may be deposited either from a moist
atmosphere, when the pneumatic atmospheric system is applied, or from the
condensation from gas, where gas explosive power is applied, as aforesaid.
These mains or pipes may be of any required dimensions, according to the
extent and situation of surface to be operated upon and the amount of power
required. If the greatest distance from the station A be two and a half miles
in any direction,then I begin by laying for the first third of the distance from
Aa six-inch main, the next third of the distance a five-inch main, and the next
third of the distance a four-inch main, and I lay short branches from said
mains, say, three and two inches indiameter, according to their length and the
mount of power required and so on,proportionately enlarging or diminishing

page_text: according to distance and amount of power to be supplied; and I lay down, as
aforesaid, such mains in any required direction, but so that there shall be at
least about eight hundred and fifty yards of such mains or pipes in any and
every square mile of surface or area equal thereto; but I do not confine
myself to any specific size, quantity, or extent, And I further lay the mains
and pipes, and branches, according to the figure of any field to be operated
upon, but so that there shall not be a greater distance from any point of such
mains to the extremities of any such fields or areas equal to a square mile
than, say, one half mile; but I do not confine myself to any particular distance,
to which I shall operate from such mains connected with the said mains or
pipes so laid down, one of which is shewn in its underground position at B,
in Drawing No. 1. I attach short vertical branches a, a, a, at certain distances
along such mains or pipes, of the internal diameter of, say, three inches. The
tops of these vertical branches rise within eighteen inches of the surface of the
fields, and terminate in a cast-iron box at a 1, a 1, a 1, to keep the apex free
from contact with the ground. In these boxes, or on the top of the vertical
branches, are common valves or cocks having a three-inch clear way. Upon
the apex of these are male screws a 2, a 2, a 2. These valves and the
vertical branches a, a, a, are the medium by and through which a cominu-
nication is established between the interior of the mains and pipes, and
the locomotive engines, and thereby the said sources of power are communi-
cated to those engines in manner herein-after more particularly described.
The distances apart of these vertical branches and their respective valves may
be about one hundred and fifty yards apart all along the said mains and pipes
aforesaid, indicated by the red lines in No. 1; and the Figures 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6,
indicate the positions of the vertical branches and their valves. In order
to transmit the power of a stationary first mover in any desired direction,
either with a view to concentrate such power on any given point or points, or
to put into operation any one or more locomotive engines situate in any parti-
cular fields or places, I affix on the mains B, B, B, B, common intersecting
valves 1, 2, 3, 4, (Drawing No. 1) such as are usually applied
to gas mains and to be used in the same manner, whether for gas or for
atmospheric air; and in order to measure the amount of power applied
in any particular field, estate, or plantation, I connect with the mains
B, B, B, common meters, such as are used in connexion with gas mains.
To put the sources of power aforesaid into available operation, first, for
the said agricultural purposes, I construct locomotive impelling engines
D, D, D, D, D, (Drawing No. 1,) and shewn in elevation, plan, and end view
in Drawings No. 2 and No. 3, and also in elevation, plau, and end view in

page_text: Drawing No. 4, where the locomotive impelling engine, intended for gas explo-
sive power, is shewn as applied to a railway. To these engines may be
attached agricultural instruments for tilling, in manner shewn in elevation,
Drawings No. 5, 6, 7, and end view No. 8, or in any other convenient way.
The instruments may be of the common construction or of varied forms. The
object of these locomotive impelling engines is to take up their motive power
from the mains B, B, B, through the valves, a,, a, (Drawing No. 1) to move
in any required direction along, over, or through fields, or in localities in which
they are required to operate, and to convey and impell with them the ordinary
implements and apparatus commonly used, or any modifications thereof, for
drain ploughing, subsoil ploughing, trenching, furrow ploughing, harrowing,
drilling, sowing, reaping, mowing, dragging, excavating, rolling, digging, or
other similar field operations, and which a self-acting engine is capable of
effecting. All or any of the implements for these purposes may be varied in
their forms and methods of attachment to accord with the nature of this
impelling power, and I do not confine myself to any particular and mere
mechanical contrivances. The Figures D, D, D, D, in No. 1, are not intended
to be mechanically correct, but are to be considered in reference to the Draw-
ings No. 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and S, herein particularly described. Figures A, D,C
in clevation, plan, and end view, Drawing No. 2, is the atmospheric impelling
engine, wherein a,a,a,a, are the wheels. These are constructed in the manner
and of the form commonly used in locomotive steam engines, and of their usual
dimensions, and from five to seven feet diameter, and their peripheries about
six inches wide, to and around which studs 1, 2, 3, 4, as in. Drawing No. 5,
are bolted. b,b,b,b, in Drawing No. 2, is the frame of the engine constructed
in the same mannner as the frames of locomotive steam engines are constructed,
but of less weight. c,c,c,c, are the springs to sustain or suspend the frame.
d, d, d, d, in Drawing No. 3, are the axles to which the wheels may be
nently affixed. d,,d, is the crank axle of two throws placed at right angles.
ee,e,c, in Drawings No. 2 and 3, is a receiver or vacuum chamber, being a
reservoir of vacuum power. 9,1 9, 9, are the piston cylinders. These may
be of the form and construction commonly used in locomotive steam engines,
with similar ways and slides, and of any required dimensions; but in these
Drawings h,h,h,h, are the ways leading to the top and bottom of the cylinders,
as in the dotted lines in Drawing No. 3. These are here varied from the com-
mon construction. On these ways are placed the slides h,k,k,k, as at Figures
D and C in Drawings No. 2 and 3. These are connected by the slide rods
1,1,1,1, in Drawing No. 3, that work through guides m,m,m,m, in Drawings
No. 2 and 3. To these are attached levers n,n,n, that move the rods 1,,,.
perma-

page_text: To the Site FOREST, fh, h, may be connected the reversing gear commonty
To
applied in locomotive or marine steam engines. 0, 0, 0, 0, are guide frames.
To the ends of the piston rods are attached the guide wheels v, v, v, v.
these are attached the connecting rods p, p, p, p, which gives motion to the
crank axle dl,,di, to which the connecting rods are keyed. S, S, in Draw-
ing No. 3, are the excentrics fixed on a 1,and connected with the rods that open
on and shut off the slides &,,,, and reverse the slides by the reversing gear
aforesaid. ,,,, in Drawing No. 2, are the throttle valves placed in the
valve apertures that lead into the chamber e, e, e, e, and establish a communi-
cation between the cylinders and the chamber e, e, e, e, by the ways h, h, h, h,
shewn in end view and Drawing No. 2. vis a governor connected with the
throttle valve to regulate the supply to the cylinders. This arrangement of
the slides and ways admit of open heads for the free ingress of the incumbent
atmospheredirectly onto the tops of the pistons: but this arrangement is calcu-
lated only for the pneumaticatmosphericagricultural impelling engine, and not
for the gas explosive engine. On the sides of the cylinders are open spaces
eight inches long by one inch wide; these lead into the ways h,h. In the middle
of these are other ways of the same size communicating with these at right
augles, and leading into the chamber e, c, e, e. The slide rods are connected
with the excentrics, and so adjusted on 1, 1, as to regulate their motion in
the usual manner. When one side is back on one cylinder, the other is for-
warded on the other cylinder. When the piston is forced towards the straight
axle the slide opens the aperture leading to the head of the piston, whilst it
closes at the other end, and so opens the communication through the ways
h,h, h, k, to the chamber e, e, e, e, which draws the air out of the cylinders; .it
at the same time allows the incumbered atmosphere to enter at the other or
now open end of the cylinder, and by its pressure puts the piston into action.
and so by the connecting rods the crank axle, and thus impulsion is effected
in the impelling engine, implements, and apparatus. My methods of applying
motive power to impelling machinery comprise five distinct ways of imparting
the sources of power aforesaid, from the mains or pipes aforesaid, to the
impelling locomotive engines, as applicable to agriculture, and herein-after
described; and three distinct ways of imparting the second of the said courses
of power to some of the same mechanical arrangements and apparatus, when
adapted with the aforesaid explosive impelling locomotive engine, to effect
transit on railways, common roads, and on canals, also herein-after particularly
described. To that end, therefore, I construct and combine, first, for the
agricultural purposes aforesaid, with both the said locomotive engines, a cylin-
drical revolving drum F. in Drawing No. 9, composed of two cast-iron wheels

page_text: w, of light weight, and of the diameter of, say, six feet, placed on to the ends
of a hollow axis æ. To the arms or spokes of the wheels wc, I attach, by any
convenient means all around and across to the parallel wheels a, iron bars
round or flat. These are fixed at a distance of two or three feet from the
hollow axis, according to the required diameter of the drum and the distance
from the mains B in No. 1, that the impelling engines may be required to
operate. The drum so constructed I suspend on the frame b, b, b, b. of the
locomotive by the end of the hollow axis or which it revolves. The axle is
fixed in the plummer blocks that are fixed on the apexes of cast-iron vertical
frames or columns 1. The drum must be made to revolve by a regulated
motion, and this may be effected by common wheels and pinions, by cogged
wheels, or cords and pullies of given diameter; any of these may be geared to
the crank or other axle of the locomotive engines. The drum may be as wide
as the distance between the driving or travelling wheels of the locomotive will
admit of, and may be so suspended as to revolve in a vertical or a horizontal
position. If the wheels of the locomotive engines be of, say, seven feet
diameter, and on the axles of these be placed a common rotary engine,
instead of being connected with fixed or vibrating cylinders, then the drum
may be suspended to such wheels by a hollow axle x, which will then also be
the axle of the travelling wheels. On and around this drum I wind a flexible
tube S, S, S, Drawing No. 9, or pipe of any required diameter, to be regulated
by the amount of power to be imparted from the mains B, B, Drawing No. L,
(in a given time) say, of two inches internal diameter. This flexible tube I
construct in the following manner, as one of several means, that is to say:
1 construct a spiral flexible hollow cylinder of iron or steel wire, say, one
eighth of an inch thick and two inches internal diameter, or I make iron or
steel cylindrical rings, say, one-sixteenth of an inch thick and two inches internal
diameter, and two inches in length. Over these cylinders of wire or rings I
lay a surface of any material that is or may be made impervious to air under a
pressure equal to a half or two thirds of a vacuum, such a material as couchouc
or india-rubber or leather, or any similar flexible material, or these combined.
If couchouc alone be used it should be of the thickness of, say, one quarter of
an inch.
Over the tube so formed I slip these metal rings, such as copper
one-twentieth of an inch thick, to protect the flexible material from wear by
chafing, and thus I make an air-tight flexible tube of any desirable length;
this may be made into sections of, say, twenty feet more or less. On the ends
of these tubes I affix male and female threaded screws of such a diameter as
to leave the internal diameter of the tube of equal diameter throughout its
length. When the ends of the sections of the tubes are connected by the

page_text: screws so as to form a continuous tube, to one end of the lengthened flexible
tube I fix a female screw of a diameter to suit the male screw on the top of
the vertical branch B1, B1, B1, of the mains B, B, B, Drawing No. 1, and on
the other end of the same lengthened tube I fix a male threaded screw, which
I pass through or between the cross bars of the drum Finto its hollow axis.r,
and thence out of the end of such axle, thence into the chamber e, e, e, e, of
the locomotive engine, to which I attach it by a union screw. The drum
should be connected and suspended on the ends of the hollowaxis.x as to allow
it to revolve without turning the axis æ, the ends of which should be fixed in
the plummer blockst, Drawing No. 9, and project beyond them;
this arrange-
ment will permit the drum to revolve.and the flexible tube to wind on and off
without moving that end of the flexible tube that passing through and out of
the hollow axis.r, thence to its connection with the chamber e, e, e, e. The
locomotive engine in Drawing No. 2, herein described, is arranged more par-
ticularly for the application of the pneumatic atmospheric principle or source
of power, and the other locomotive impelling engine, Drawing No. 4, herein-
after described, is more particularly adapted to the gaso-pneumatic principle,
parts of the mechanical arrangement for both sources of power being alike.
In order to render available the said gaso-pneumatic source of power,
I con-
struct the locomotive impelling engine as seen in elevation G, plan H, and
end view K, Drawing No. 4, where it is seen in one of its applications on a
railway, with flange wheels, and having attached apparatus adapted thereto;
but in its application as an agricultural impelling engine for the objects shewn
in Drawing No. 5, 6. 7. 8, then a, a, G, H, K, the wheels; b, b, the frame;
c, c, the springs; d, d, the axles; d1, 41, the crank axle; e, e, a gas chamber;
the piston cylinders; h, h, the slide boxes; k, k, a double-acting or gas
pump; k1, another double-acting air pump: K, 7, 7, a supply pipe leading
from the gas chamber e, e, to the globular explosion chamber M, M, I, on
which are igniting slides i, i, and safety valves jjn, n, branch pipes leading
from the explosion chamber M into the slide boxes h, h; 0, 0, is a four-way
valve or cock intersecting the supply pipel,and communicating with explosion
chambers M. M; p, p, is a lever fixed on the top of the four-way valve, and
is attached to the rod q, q, which is connected with the lever r, r, and so to
the eccentrics, s, on the crank axle ; is the guide, and u its frame; v.c,
the connecting rod; a, e, the reversing gear attached to the reversing bent
lever 222; y. y, is a bent lever, one end of which is connected with the
piston rod of the gas pump, the other end has a rack on which is an
adjusting chuck = 1, 1, at the end of an excentric rod = 3. The cylinders,,
when adapted for gas explosive power, may be plated on the inner sides with
9.9.

page_text: platina,and ordinary expanding pistons may be used or metal conical expand-
ing pistons may be applied. In the latter case the pistons are solid discs
whose diameters are, say, half an inch less than of the cylinders, and whose
rims are made angular. Around the peripheries or rims of those discs is a
ring of platina one-eighth of an inch thick, and,say, four inches wide,attached
by screw bolts all around the angular rims of the discs, so as to form a short
frustrum of a cone. The large part of this ring should be turned true in a
lathe, and made to fit loosely in the cylinder. The metal cones should be slit
longitudinally in several places, so as to allow it to expand into close contact
with the sides of the cylinder. Over the slits, on the inner sides of the conical
piston, should be attached thin short plates of the same metal,so as that when
the frustrum of the cone expands into contact with the cylinder, the apertures
formed by the slits in the metal ring shall be covered by the short metal
plates. The cylinders g, g, of the gas explosive engine may be surrounded,
except the valve boxes, with a jacket or casing having a space of half an inch
all round, through which a current of cold air may be forced, in order to lower
the temperature of the cylinders. The globular chambers may be of cast iron,
and about half the capacity of the cylinders g,g. The ways in these cylinders,
and their inductions and eductions, and their slides, are arranged according to
the methods adapted to locomotive steam engines. The explosion chambers
M. M, may have jackets, through which may be forced a rapid current of cold
air to keep down their temperature. When the gas explosive engine is con-
structed for agricultural purposes.then one set of its wheels should be attached
to the frame b, b, of the engine in such a manner as to admit of the ordinary
method for guiding or steering, which has hitherto been applied to steam
carriages on common roads, may be applied thereon, and 1 couple the driving
and travelling wheels of the said impelling engines by either coupling rods
attached to their spokes, or I apply pullies and cords to the outsides of the
same wheels; and in order to induce a better hold by the wheels on the ground,
I fix on and around the peripheries of the wheels studs 1, 2, 3, 4, 5. as in
elevation, Drawing No.5.of a tapering form. four inches high,and of the width
of the periphery; these should be fixed by bolts passing through them and
thro' the rim of the wheels, and secured by nuts on the inner sides of the
wheel. The locomotive engine last herein described is applicable to the
method of applying gas explosive power to effect transit on railways, ou common
roads, and on canals, as herein described, and shown in elevation. plan,andend
view in Drawing No. 3, as well as to agricultural purposes; but in order to
supply this source of power,gas or gasometer stations take the place of steam
engines or the other mentioned stationery first mover. To the locomotive

page_text: impelling engines aforesaid I now connect the necessary agricultural instru-
ments in any convenient manner, according to the nature or respective uses of
such instruments. The positions of some of these are shewn in perspective
No. 1. Drawing No. 5 is ploughing, No. 6 harrowing, No. 7 excavating. No. S
digging. All the common instruments for this purpose may be attached or
hitched on, and dragged after the locomative engine as one method; but for
a better mechanical arrangement I attach it for ploughing ploughshares to a
lever K, K, Drawing No. 5. This lever is suspended to the middle of a cross
frame by its fulcrum to the frame b, b, of the impelling engine. By means of
an eye and bolt to one end of the lever K, I attach to a frame or cross bar,
by any convenient mechanical meaus, from 1 to 6 ordinary ploughshares 1,2,3,
1 only being here seen, Drawing No. 5, but without their handles, the num-
ber of ploughshares regulated according to the nature of the soils to be worked,
and the nature of the work to be effected, whether it be for moving drain
ploughs, subsoil ploughs, mole ploughs, or furrow ploughs. The levers K, K,
oue of which I attach to each end of the impelling engine, are so suspended
that when one set of shares 1, 2, 3, are in operation in one direction of the
impelling engine, the other set 4, 5, 6,-4 only being seen,-are raised out of
the ground and lifted above the surface, and when the engine is moving in the
opposite direction, then 1, 2, 3, is raised above the surface, and 4, 5, 6, is let
down into the ground to plough in an opposite direction. The action of raising
and lowering the two sets of shares is effected by the operation of a malescrew
L, L, which turus on a female screw in a cross frame m, m, which may be
near the middle part of the engine frame. The lower end of the screws
1, n 2, are attached by slings n, n, to the ends of the lever, so as by the
action of the screws L, L, the levers may be raised or depressed to lift up or
let down the ploughshares. Whilst the ploughshares are fixed on the levers
parallel to the furrows, they at the same time are so placed as to precede one
and other, so as that the one begins to turn over the furrow whilst the forward
share has laid it off. The forward motion of the impelling engine may be
assisted, on occasion of deep ploughing, drain ploughing, or subsoil ploughing
in stiff soils, by the application of a rope or chain fixed at a given point in the
field of operation, and, passing around a pulley fixed on the wheel, may be put
in action by the engine, and which will impel it forward. The slack of the
rope may be checked by a friction wheel rolling on the pulley. When
the impelling engine is used in marshy or bog lands, in order to prevent the
engine from sinking, a metal rim, say, 12 inches wide, may be placed over
the peripheries of the wheels, and secured by bolts, and an endless
apron of
coarse meshed wire gauze may be stretched round each tore and hind wheel;

page_text: the apron will revolve with the wheels which will run on the apron. When
the locomotive impelling engine is required for the purpose of harrowing,
then the levers and attached ploughshares areto betaken off, and the harrowing
apparatus R, end view, Drawing No. 6, put on to the engine. To this end I
construct harrows, to which I give a rotary as well as a forward motion; this
may be effected by suspending a circular harrow R, of, say, 6 feet diameter, by
a vertical axis S, from a cross frame on the end of the frame b, b. The upper
ends of the axis pass through holes in the cross frame in which it moves up
and down, and against which a spring T presses to keep the harrow in contact
with the ground, and permit it to rise and fall. On the vertical axis is a pully U
two feet diameter; this is geared by a cord to a similar pully on the crank axle
of the engine, and may be of such diameter as to give any desired rotary speed
to the harrow. When the impelling engine is required for drilling or sowing,
then an ordinary apparatus for such purpose may be suspended or attached by
any mechanical means from or to the frame of the engine, the ploughing or
When the impelling
harrowing apparatus being first removed therefrom.
engine is required for the purpose of mowing, other apparatus being first.
removed, I suspend them from either end of the frame b, b, by a vertical
shaft V, Drawing No. 1, revolving scythes or cradles, each about four feet long.
The upper end of this shaft terminates in a bevel wheel geared to another bevel
wheel on the wheel axle of the engine by a shaft, on the ends of which are
other bevel wheels. To these any required speed may be given by the regu-
lated diameters of the bevel wheels, or pulleys and cords may be applied of
such proportional diameters as to impart any desired speed to the revolving
scythes. When it is desired to apply the impelling engine for the purposes of
spade labor, digging, or excavating, then the other implements being first
removed, apply to a revolving axle, end view 1, Drawing No. 8), a series of
spades 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, suspended by excentrics a, b, c, d, e, f, thereon. The
shafts or handles of such spades rise above the eccentrics, and work through
guides or holes in the cross frame b, the eccentrics to be so adjusted on this
axle as to give the spades the same motion as if they weresuspended to crank
axles having several throws. On the eccentric axle there should be cogged
wheels, as in Drawing No. 6, gearing into a cogged wheel of larger diameter
on the crank axle, their diameter proportioned to give regulated speed; and up
it be desired to dig up, pulverise, and riddle or sift the upper strata or substrata
of fields, then I attach to the impelling engine, in connection with the las
above arrangement for digging, an apron or endless band of wire gauze o
other flexible material 7, 7, elevation, Drawing No. (7), say, three feet wide
This flexible apron is passed around rollers S, S, suspended by their axes to an

page_text: T
so far below the frame of the engine as to revolve clear of the ground. On
the ends of these rollers are pullies or cogged wheels, which are geared by cords
or other smilar cogged wheels to the wheel axles of the engine. From the
engine, and near to the upper surface of the apron, where it turns on one
of the rollers, I fix parallel pointed bars 9, forming a kind of grate, the
bars being in a line with the line of the engine, the space between the
bars being about 1 inch. These bars may be about 2 feet 6 inches long, arc
placed with their points downwards, and at an angle of about 22 degrees, the
upper ends of the bars projecting above the apron. Above the upper surface
of the apron I suspend by its axis a roller 10about two feet diameter, and three
feet long; all around the surface of this roller I fix points or spikes in rows
projecting six inches; these are to break or pulverise the ground when brought
by the action of the engine and the revolving apron under their operation.
In order to adopt the source of motive power induced by the use of the ex-
plosive mixture aforesaid to impelling machinery applicable to effect transit on
railways or common roads, and on canals, I form the other combinations
lierein-before alluded to and herein-after described; these combinations are
made up first for railways in the following manner :-On a line or intended
line of railway of the common constructions, or any modification thereof, I
lay down and combine with it a system of common gas mains A, Figure 1,
Drawing XXX, of any required diameter; these I lay along the whole length
or extent of the line of railway; that is to say, on a double line of railway of
four tracks 1, 2, 3, 4, I lay the main A of, say, eight inches diameter; the
short sections are jointed and sealed in the usual manner of gas mains; these
I place under the surface level of the line of road, giving slight inclinations to
the main, with the view to collect condensations at the lower parts of the
declinations, I apply common syphon wells. I divide the main A into
sections, of, say, two and a half miles, by intersecting valves b,b,b,, near these
valves I form short branch mains B, B, B, B, and in cross sections C, C,
which I call valve mains; these are connected with the main A by the
bends a, a, a, a, on which also are intersecting valves b, b, b, b. The branch
mains Brise above the surface level. These mains are differently constructed
from the mains, and may be about five hundred feet long. On the upper side
of this branch main B, I construct a longitudinal gas-tight valve, seen at red
lines B, and in cross section C, in the following manner:-C is a transverse
section of the valve main, having a raised surface 2, 2, three inches high and
of the angular form shewn; on the top surface it is about four inches. The
angular sides may be planed true, and be of such an angle as that lines drawn
from the angular sides will intersect at the height of five inches above the top

page_text: surface. A continuous slit or aperture 5, two inches wide, is made through
the raised surface into the main. On the angular sides I place a hard rolled
metal valve 1.1. C, about one-eighth of an inch thick, and about seven inches
wide. The upper surface of these valve plates will meet and press together for
about an inch in depth, and with a pressure equal to about five pounds on the
square inch of surface in contact. The ends of these plates should be screwed
and brought together, and in order to forma continuous valve short pieces of the
same metal, six inches long and of equal width, should be rivetted on to the
outsides and ends of the valve plates, so as to form a continuous valve, and
make overlapping air-tight joints. In putting them on they should be
stretched between vices until the upper edges appear straight under the plates,
and on the angular surface I lay a surface of leather and red lead to make a
good joint; on the plates Ilaywrought iron bars two inches wide, havingpunched
holes through which three quarter screw bolts 4, 4, pass, on the heads of
which are nuts which screw up against the bars, and so make a good joint.
Another method of constructing a main gas valve is shown at c, Figure(3)
Drawing XXX., in transverse section. In this valve there is on one side an
angular surface 7, on which the valve is to be attached; on the other side
is a raised vertical surface S, about four inches high, and of the form shewn
at C, near the top of which is a groove or rabet 9, one inch wide, and one
half inch deep. A slit chase or continuous aperture as in 5 C is likewise made
into the main. With this valve main I combine short hard rolled copper plates
ten inches long, and five inches wide, with leather or similar flexible material
about five inches wide, and one quarter of an inch thick. I put the copper
plates on both sides of the leather, but on the inner side the width is only
three inces wide, and nine inches long; these are all rivetted together so as
to form a flexible valve, which must be laid on to the angular surface and
stretched longitudinally; the joint is made good with red lead, and the bars
put on and fastened as in C, Figure 2. The upper edge of this valve must lay
in and cover the groove or rabet 9, and the ends may be rivetted as the metal
plates are rivetted in C, Figure 2., Into this groove I put a surface of cement
that shall be a non-conductor of electricity, say, of one-eighth of an inch thick ;
ou this cement I lay a flat copper wire about one-fortieth of an inch thick;
and a quarter of an inch wide; this wire is laid in and along the whole length
of this groove on to the cement surface. Over this wire I lay a surface of
cocoa nut oil or any other similar material that is solid at common tempera-
tures. The valve so formed may be continued either along the valve main B
or over and along the main A, along the whole extent of a railway. The
electrical wires should be about oue-fifth of a mile long, and united with

page_text: a parallel wire on the outside of the main so as to form an electrical circuit.
Through these wires I pass electrical currents by bringing the wire at the out-
side of the main into contact with electrical troughs or batteries by a projec-
ting conductor, which may be made to rub on or touch the wire whilst the
locomotive engine is in progress, or so by the ordinary methods to induce
electrical currents in the said wires, in order to produce heightened tempera-
tures, and so soften the cocoa nut oil or other similar material laid in the
groove in advance of the locomotive during its progress. The heat produced
in the wire from time to time by a projecting conductor will melt or soften
the said material and so unseal the valve, which troughs may be either carried
in the locomotive impelling engine or placed along the line of railway. When
the gas inains B. B, are so laid and combined with the common well-known
system of railway, I erect at stations D, Drawings XXX, along the said line of
railway, say several miles apart, gas stations for generating common carburetted
hydrogen gas, which I supply to the mains B, B, under a pressure ofabout one-
third of an atmosphere, and I supply the mains either directly from the retorts
or from gasholders. In order to put impelling machinery into operation on the
said railway, by supplying gas to form the explosive mixture aforesaid so as to
impel railway trains I place the gas explosiveengineherein-beforedescribedand
shewn in elevation, plan, and end view, Drawing No. 4, on to said railway, first
combining with said locomotive engine the following apparatus, which was
omitted in the exemplification of this engine when described in its application
for agricultural purposes, as shewn in Drawings Nos. 3 and 4, where is shown
a flat pipe or tongue P, enlarging towards its suspension, plan, and end view,
and part section, suspended by a ball and socket joint, having a seven inch
clear way to the gas chamber e, e, e, e, and steadied by bars; the upper part
of the ball is cut off. The lower part of this tongue is shewn to be formed by
two curved lines intersecting at the extremities of four feet, the distance
between the lines in the middle of the curves being two inches; but the length
and breadth of this instrument will necessarily depend on the flexibility of the
valve of the main, and must be made to conform to its flexure, that is to say,
when the metal valve and Drawing XXX., is opened two inches in any
part, it will exhibit an aperture formed of two curved or elliptical lines of a
given length, say, four feet. The instrument l' must, when it is inserted
into the valve, be of a form and size to fill up the aperture under close contact,
and make a gas-tight joint by the pressure of the upper surface of the valve
plates on the sides of the instruments, which should have an even polished
surface. The tongue must have such a vertical length below the ball and
socket joint as to allow it to enter the valve to the depth of about three inches;.

page_text: the lever opens on and off the sliding valve in the tongue, which may be
moved by the foot of the conductor, or may be made self-acting. Connected
with this locomotive engine is a tender B, elevation, Drawing No. 4, being
a common railway car, on which I place a cylindrical gas receiver in longi-
tudinal section B; this I divide into several compartments 1, 2, 3, 4. In these
compartments I fix flexible diaphragms 5, 6, 7, 8, composed of leather or
similar material; these are attached in the middle of the inner sides of the
chambers 1, 2, 3, 4, in any convenient manner, so as to make gas-tight joints.
Under the receiver is a pipe E eight inches diameter, of the length of the
receiver, and connected with it by branch pipes 9, 10, 11, 12, four inches
diameter, which communicate with the chambers 13, 14, 15, 16, formed by
diaphragms. In the receiver and on one side of the diaphragms are apertures
for admitting the free ingress and egress of the atmosphere. I connect the
pipe E of the tender B with the chamber e, e, e, e, of this locomotive engine
by a flexible pipe six inches diameter, making flange joints at E, and e, c, e, e,
of the gas chamber on the engine. In order to apply this gas power system
to the impelling of vehicles on common roads, I apply a similar system of
close mains, A, Drawing XXX., and connect these to similar valve mains B, B,
and the intersecting valves b, b, b, b, herein-before described, reference being
had to the Drawing XXX., and the Figures therein in this Figure assume the
lines 1 and 4 to be the plan of a common road, on the sides of which are
valve maius B3, B, communicating with the mains A by the bends a, a, a, a.
The mains A are laid under ground in the usual manner ofgas mains intended
for lighting purposes, and laid down with the usual inclinations, and having
therewith the ordinary syphon wells on the valve mains B, B, may be con-
nected by the bends a, a, a, a, to the ordinary gas mains used for purposes of
gaslighting, and which gas mains may, besides supplying gas for lighting,
also supply gas to the valve mains, and so to the receiver B of the impelling
engine aforesaid; or smaller receivers of a similar construction may be placed
on the roof or under the floor of a passenger carriage or common omnibus.
The supply pipes to each may terminate in a small gas chamber connected with
the pipe E, section B, to which chamber the flexible tube of the impelling
engine may be attached in order to propel carriages on common roads, and
thus the expence of laying and maintaining independent mains and gas
stations may on some lines of road be with advantage obviated. But when I
lay down a system of mains exclusively to supply gas explosive power, then
I erect gas stations D, XXX., several miles apart, near to the line of road for
making and distributing through the mains A this source of motive power to
the valve mains. These valve mains may be placed at convenient distances

page_text: apart, say, two miles and a half, more or less. The gas aforesaid may be sup-
plied to the mains A and valve mains B, B, under any degree of pressure. To
the valve mains B, B, may be applied either of the valves herein-before de-
scribed, or any modifications of them, or any other desirable form of valve may
be combined therewith that shall enable the power to be taken up from the
mains without the loss of momentum. But where vehicles may stop to take
be
up gas power, then a short flexible tube connected with the main A may
attached to the said gas receivers to impart to them a supply. In that case
But
the valve main B, B, may be dispensed with, as well as the tongue P.
where the latter is used, the valve main should be raised so far above the
surface of the road as to allow the suspended instrument P to enter it as the
impelling engine passes over the valve main, which should be protected by a
fence or railing. The line of common road being combined as aforesaid with
such main A, and gas power being supplied thereto, I place on the said road
the locomotive impellingengine herein-before described, and shewnin Drawing
No. 4, or any modification thereof, to suit the circumstances of common road
traffic, and I attach thereto the gas receiver herein-before described, arranged
to suit passenger traffic, in which the aforesaid diaphragms are placed in smaller
receivers. The impelling engine, when placed on a common road, must be
arranged for guiding or steering in the manner commonly applied to steam
carriages on common roads. When the herein-before described gas explosive
power is designed to propel vessels on canals, then I lay down in the margin
of canals a lightly formed railway of the common construction, and combine
the aforesaid gas main A and valve main B, B, with the intersecting
valves a, a, a, a, having thereon the valves herein-before described, or any
convenient modification thereof. To this railway I apply the gas power
impelling engine described and shewn in Drawing No. 4, where it is situate
on a railway. On the body of the impelling engine I suspend the gas receiver
B herein-before described; the gas main A of the canal to be supplied from
gas stations as herein-before described. To the locomotive engine I attach the
tow line of the vessel to be impelled along the canal. The forward motion
of the engine moves the vessel through the canal..
Having in the foregoing Preamble and Specification set forth the objects of
my said Invention, and having described and shewn the several methods of
application in all their general details for the several intended uses mentioned,
to the best of my ability and without reservation, I proceed now to exemplify
the modus operandi of all the said several applications of the said sources of
motive power. The stationary engine at A. or the hydraulic power at A, A, in
perspective, Drawing No. 1, being put into operation, and the air pumps.

page_text: connected therewith being thrown into action for exhausting or rarifying the
atmospheric air contained in the mains and pipes B, B, B, B, the intersec-
ting valves 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, their situation only shewn in No. 1, or any of them,
being open, rarification will be effected throughout the whole series of the
mains and pipes, or so much of them as the opened intersecting valves will
permit, and to any desired degree of rarifcation, which may be regulated
according to the amount of impelling power required for the nature of the work
to be done by an impelling locomotive engine whose piston and cylinders are
of any given dimensions, but for all the required purposes a degree of vacuum
of from 15th to 2/3rds may be conveniently effected and will suffice, and the
state of rarifaction in the mains will continue during any field operations so
long as the said first movers continue their action. If the pneumatic locomo-
tive impelling engine with its revolving drum and flexible tube, the latter shewn
in Drawing No. 9, be now placed in any field intended to be operated upon for
any of the agricultural purposes aforesaid, and any of theinstruments aforesaid
for the purposes aforesaid beattached thereto, one end of the said flexible iube
being attached to the valve or cock situate on the top of the short vertical
branches 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, of the mains B, B, B, B. Drawing No. 1, the other
end passing through the said hollow axis of the drum, and attached to the
chamber e, e, e, e. rarifaction will take place throughout the coil of the said
flexible tube, around the drum, and in the chamber e, e, e, e, in which and the
coil of flexible tube the degree of rarifaction will speedily be the same as
it is in the mains and pipes B, B. B, B. If now the throttle valves %, %,
Drawing No. 3, leading by the ways h, h, to the heads of the pistons, be
opened on and the slides be adjusted, the same degree of rarifaction will take
place in the cylinders g, g, and if the degree of rarifaction be equal to half
a vacuum, the aperture at the heads of the pistons being opened to the
atmosphere, the incumbent pressure thereof will be equal to about 7lbs on the
square inch, and this pressure will be multiplied over the disc of the piston,
whose connecting rodsp will turn the crank axle witha force commensurate with
the diameter of the pistons, the driving and travelling wheels a, a, a, a, will
then be turned round, and thus impulsion will be given to the impelling engine
which in moving forward will cause the flexible tube on the drum to unwind
and lay it off in a lineon the ground, the implements of husbandry will by the
varied apparatus herein-before described be put into action. The progress of
the impelling engine may be regulated by the throttle valves to let on the
vacuum powerslowly or speedily, and the speed of the engine will be governed
by the nature of the work and the character of the soil. If a drain plough be
applied, there should be two attached in a line with the engine, the forward

page_text: one being only half the depth of the other; the drain may be then formed,
and the trench afterwards filled in by scrapers placed at a proper horizontal
angle on to the engine and dragging on the ground, when the engine again
passes over the same track. When the engine has advanced as far as the
length of the flexible tube will admit of, which may be, say, several hundred
yards in one direction from the vertical branch to which the end of the flexible
tube is attached, it may proceed for an equal distance beyond such vertical
branch in an opposite direction. The engine may be directed or steered
by the method herein-before mentioned into another position or track to move
back again, and in so doing the engine will, by, the gearing herein-before
described, take up the flexible tube by the revolving drum, around which
it will again coil until it arrives at the valve or place of beginning, and
passing these will again unwind to its full extent as before. A rod con-
nected with the throttle valves will stop the engine, or permit to move at
pleasure. If furrow ploughing be intended, then parallel ploughshares, and
the levers K, K, Drawing No. 5, being attached, and one set of shares being
let down by the screw connected with the end of either lever K, the impelling
engine may then be impelled as before, and the furrows laid over, the depth of
which may be regulated and adjusted, from time to time, by the screws to
which the ends of the levers are attached by slings. When it is desired to
harrow, the ploughshares being first removed, I attack the harrow shewn in
end view, Drawing No (6). The impelling engine being put in motion as before
described, the gearing will cause the harrow to revolve during the forward
inotion of the engine, and so harrow the ground. To effect spade labor, to
excavate, to riddle, or to loosen and pulverize the ground, to sift and collect
stones, the harrows being first removed, I apply to the impelling engine as in
elevation, Drawing No. (7), the spades being shewn in an end view, Drawing
No. (8), the said endless apron of course meshed wire 7, 7, so formed as to
be sufficiently flexible to revolve around the said rollers S, S, one of which
is placed near to the said bars (9). The impelling engine being put in
motion as before,in its advance will, by proper gearing cause the axle on which
the spades are suspended to revolve, and give motion to the excentrics a, b, c,
d,e,f, and spades 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, which will dig up and throw on to the bars
(9) the ground which will, by the forward motion of the engine, be forced up
the inclined piane formed by the bars, and so fall over their upper ends, on to
the said apron, which will carry it under the revolving roller (10),whose points
or spikes will break it as it pass under the rollers, whilst the apron will lay it
off over the roller (S) loosely, thus the pulverized ground may be more easily
penetrable by the light and the atmosphere, so as the better to effect germina-

page_text: be
tion. In order to collect stones or stony lands, if the meshes of the
apron
made sufficiently large, the pointed roller may be made to force the ground
through the meshes, whilst the stones will be carried back to the hind roller
(8), where they may be made to fall into a box, or removed off into heaps.
To effect mowing or reaping, I apply to either end of the impelling engine in
D,perspective Dra wing No.1, the revolving scythes before described, and seen
in No. 1, the last-mentioned apparatus being first removed, except the apron.
The impelling engine as before advancing the said gearing, causes the scythes
to revolve under the said apron, with any desired speed, and so cutting the
grain or grass it falls on to the endless apron, and is carried by it to the other
end of the impelling engine, whence it falls on to the ground, or is gathered
from off the apron by hand to be made, if grain, into sheafs or stacks. The
endles apron showed project half the length of the scythes beyond the vertical
shaft that suspends the scythes. In order to thrash the grain, I use an ordi-
nary thrashing machine, which being placed in any part of the field of operation,
and the impelling engine being brought near to the thrashing machine, and
geared to it by cord and pully, connecting the thrashing machine with the
crank axle of the impelling engine, which is for this purpose rendered stationary
by lifting the wheels of the crank axle off from the ground, the throttle valves
,, being now opened, the impelling engine will thrash the grain. In order
to grind the grain, I place the impelling engine in a suitable situation near a
common mill used for that purpose, or any modification suited to a farm or
estate, and by gearing it in the same 'inanner as for thrashing I so grind the
grain; and so likewise I attach any other kind of instrument to the impelling
engine required to put in action for tilling, either for drilling, sewing, drag-
ging rolling, or any similar actions, as herein described, and all which I affect
by taking up the said sources of power from the main B, B, B, B. Another
method of taking up said sources of motive power from the main, and putting
tilling apparatus or machinery into operation, is, by placing the said impelling
engines, or any modification of them, on, ai, or near to the said main B, B, B, B,
to apply the said sources of power, by which I cause endless ropes or chains
to be put into motion to drag any of the said implements, apparatus, and
machinery, in, through,over, and along fields, for the purposes aforesaid, such
method being more particularly adapted to till hilly lands; when the inclinations
are very steep, the endless ropes may be thus impelled for short distances, say
three hundred yards each way, from any parts of the mains, but for this appli-
cation, greater lengths of mains must be laid. A short flexible pipe will suffice
to connect the vertical valves and mains B, B, with the chamber e, e, e of the
engine. Tilling instruments may be attached to the ropes, which are impelled

page_text: by a pulley on the engine, and another placed by a stake at any part of a field.
Wherea roping system may be so applied on the steep inclinations of hilly lands
a well-known system of pullies, called the differential pully, may be combined
with the said impelling engine and mains, but when combined with the
methods herein described, such combination will form a part of my agrarian
system. The amount of power of the said first movers must necessarily be
governed by the extent of surface to be cultivated from any principal station.
If from any such principle station, as at A, Drawing No. 1, the first mover is to
disseminate its powerintoestates belongingtodifferentproprietors, thenleading
mains may be laid directly from the station, or branch main may be laid from
the mains of one estate into another, and a metre may beapplied on such main
or branch mains to indicate the amount of power supplied during any given
period. In order to concentrate the power of a first mover in any one or more
fields of operation, in any direction from the station A, the intersecting valves
aforesaid may be shutt off or on for that purpose; and in order to vary the
power of the impelling engine from time to time, according to the nature of
the operations to be performed, the first movers may so concentrate its power
as aforesaid, and vary the degree of rarifaction applied in different directions
by the said regulations of the intersecting valves. To put the said gasexplosive
power system into available operation for the agricultural purposes aforesaid,
I erect at A, Drawing No. 1, a gas station for generating, supplying, and dis-
seminating gas power through the mains B, B, B. B, to which gas may be
supplied under pressure, for which purpose the said main pipes, vertical
branches, intersecting valves, syphon wells, and metres are laid and arranged
in the same manner as herein described for the application of the pneumatic
atmospheric system. And I place the gas explosive impelling engine herein-
before described, and shewn in Drawing No. 4, in a field for operation, and I
combine with this impelling engine the revolving drum and flexible tube
herein-before described as applied to pneumatic atmospheric impelling engine;
one end of this flexible tube I attach to the valve on the vertical branch of the
now gas main B, B, B, B, the other end of the coil I pass through the said
hollow axis of the drum, and attach it to the gas chamber of this impelling
engine. The valve at the vertical branch being now opened on, the gas, being
under pressure, will flow through the coil of the flexible tube into the gas
chamber (e, e, e, e,); the adjusting levers of the air and gas pumps being regu-
lated for the desired degree of explosive mixture, which may be for full power,
say, seven parts of atmospheric air to one part of carburetted hydrogen gas,
if the latter have a specific gravity equal to one half of that of the atmosphere.
The slides and four-way valve being properly adjusted, as well as the several

page_text: moving parts of the locomotive engine, a halfturn of the driving wheels will
put the air and gas pumps into action, and cause an explosive mixture to How
through the supply pipe (2, 4) by the four-way valve leading into one of
the globular chambers (M), the igniting slides()of which being also adjusted
and open, a flame being near to it, an explosion will take place, when the
dilated vapour will descend through one passage of the four-way valve, and the
induction (n,n)of that chamber, into both slide boxes, and so by the adjustment
of the slides through the ways of the cylinder, on the opposite heads of the
pistons, which the expansive force of the vapour will move in the cylinder,
causing the crank axle by the connecting rods to revolve, and the impelling
engine to advance. Whilst explosion is so taking place in this globular
chamber (M1), the four-way valve is shutt off from the other chamber M and
its induction leading to the slide boxes, whilst it is at the same time open from
the supply pipe into that chamber (M), and so at the same time being again
charged with explosive mixture, the four-way valve having now reversed its
position so as to shut the other chambers (M1) and its induction, it is again
open from the supply pipe to again charge (M 1), when explosion is now
taking place in the chambers M, and so producing a reciprocating force, the
igniting slide admitting the flame to the explosive mixtures at the proper
moment, and shutting off again at the moment of explosion. In order to start
the engine from time to time, before the explosion chambers can be supplied
from the gas pump, by the action of the engine, a small pipe, having a two-way
stopcock, may lead from the gas chambers to the supply pipe above the fore-
way valve, and so admit gas into the explosive chamber, where it will mix with
atmospheric air, and form an explosive mixture, which, being ignited, will
explode, and so start the engine, which, in its progress through a field, will put
in action the drum, by the grazing aforesaid, and lay the flexable tube off the
ground, and so on its return will again wind it on the gas will, by the pressure
in the mains B, B, B, B, continue to flow through the coil into the gas
chamber of the engine when the explosive engine is advancing; and it be
desired to move with more or less speed, or with more or less impelling force,
I vary the intensity of the explosive mixture by forcing through the supply
pipe (4) into the explosion chambers more atmospheric air and less gas;
thus affect, by the adjusting letters (1) and (3), by the excentrics attached
to the crank axles (1). The eccentric rods are made by the adjusting chuck at
(3) to move up and down on the back, and so clongate or shorten the levers,
and thus cause the pistons of the gas or air pumps to make or longer or shorter
stroke, and thus force in gas or air into the explosion chamber in proportionate
quantities through the supply pipe l. The bent lever (w. w.) is the reversing

page_text: gear, acting from its fulcrum on a cam that moves up or down by the action of
the bent lever, and so moving the notches (2, 2,) of the cam to one end or the
other of the reversing lever, which at the same time adjusts the rod leading
from the four-way valve; the reversing gear of a common locomotive steam
engine, or that of a marine engine, may also be applied to this engine. To
this gas explosive engine all or any of the agricultural instruments aforesaid,
which were described as applied to the pneumatic engine, may in the same
manner, and with the same effect, be here applied.
Another method of putting both said pneumatic impelling engine and the
said gas explosive engine into operation, by the sources of power aforesaid
taken up from the main B, B, B, is to apply, in lieu of the drum and flexable
tube, a vacuum receiver placed on the impelling engine, Drawing No. 2, of a
capacity to supply a given number of strokes of its pistons, and so impell to
given distance from the main, and back again to it, a short flexible pipe con-
nected with the vertical branch on the main, attracted at each return to the
vacuum receiver to partially exhaust it; but for this application a higher
degree of rarifaction must be maintained in the mains B.
And to the gas
explosive engine may be put on such a receiver as in section at B, Drawing
No. 3, which, being supplied under pressure from the main by the said short
flexible pipe, will make this impelling engine move to a certain distance and
back to the mains, and so each return may again be replenished. The mains
B, B, B, B, when applied to the pneumatic atmospheric principles, are reser-
voirs, of which it may be by the action of the first mover generated in any oue
or more directions during any hour when the impelling pneumatic engine is
not in operation; and the pneumatic principle may be applied by another
method, which is, for the agricultural purposes aforesaid, practical on account
of the slow motion which here suffice, but which I donot recommend, because
it is much less advantageous; this method is by the application to the mains
and impelling engine, Drawing No. 2, of a plenum instead of a partial vacuum,
that is to say, by forcing air from a station, as at A or A, A, Drawing No. 1,
into the main B, B, B, B, and so by the vertical branches thereof through the
said flexible tube to the receiver e, e, e, e, and so into the cylinders, to put the
piston in action, the slides and ways being then such as is usually applied to
steam engines, these inductions or eductions being adjusted in the same
The air in the mains may be compressed to any required degree of
pressure, but in compressing it heat will be produced, and it will part with its
caloric, and lose much of its elasticity, which can only be got back by heat;
this may be effected by applying a fire box in any convenient manner to the
receiver e, e, e, e, which would then impart heat to the contained air, and su
manner.

page_text: cause the condensed air to expand, and by its dilation put the pistons into
action. This method, if combined with the system of mains B, B, B, B, and
the means herein described, will form part of the combinations making up my
agrarian system. When the gas power railway is so constructed as aforesaid,
and the mains thereof charged with gas under any required degree of pressure,
I place the explosive propelling engine A, Drawing No. 3, thereon, and inserting
the tongue P into the valve main B, these opening the intersecting valve
thereof, and opening the valve of the said tongue, gas will flow from the main
A by the bend a into the valve main B, thence through the tongue P into
the chamber e, e, e, e, thence through the flexible pipe into the pipe E of the
receiver, thence through branches 9,10,11,12, into the chambers 13,14,15,16,
forcing back the diaphragms 5,6,7,8, which will force the atmospheric out of
1, 2, 3, 4, through the apertures on those sides of the diaphragms. The said
two-way valve of the said supply pipe being opened on, gas will flow into one
of the gloubular chambers, whereby the impelling engine may be started as
aforesaid. The engine will now move forward, drawing with it the tender B,
the tongue will move through the valve, the flexure of which, conforming to
the form of the valve, will press around the polished surface of the tongue
making a gas tight joint. When the tongue is about to pass out of the valve,
the lever(), being made self-acting, will shut off the valve in the tongue; gas
will now flow from the chambers of the receiver B, (the incumbent atmo-
sphere pressing on the diaphragmns) through the pipe E, and through the flexible
pipe, into the chamber e, e, e. The connecting rods of the pistons now giving
motion to the crank axle will, by the eccentric rods, impart action to the said
adjusting levers, and put in action the piston rods of the and air
gas
which will force a given quantity of explosive mixture by the supply pipe (e)
through the four-way valve into the explosive chambers (M,) (M 1,) where,
igniting and dilating into the cylinders, will move the pistons, and thus continue
toimpel the engineasaforesaid. The capacity of the receiver B being regulated
according to the distance of the valve mains apart, before the supply of gas in
the receiver B is consumed, the engine will have arrived at another valve main,
into which the tongue P will enter; the valve of the tongue, and the intersecting
valve on the bend 6, at the same moment opening, gas will again flow from
the valve main B through the tongue and flexible pipe into the receiver B,
charging it as before during the time that the tongue is passing through the
valve main, for which purpose the length of the valve main must be regulated
according to the capacity of the receiver B, the distance apart of the valve mains,
and the average speed of the engine, and soon to and through valve main to valve
main without loss of momentum. When the general arrangements for gas
pumps,

page_text: impelling power is arranged for common roads, the operation will be the same
as the operations above exemplified in working a line of railway, except that
the impelling engine, when used on common roads, may be steered or guided in
any direction, and so also steered into and through the valve mains, without
losing momentum, taking up the power from the mains as herein-before
described, and the same general operation may be effected when the said power
is applied to canal conveyance.
I claim the general arrangement of the methods of applying the lierein-
described sources of motive power to the varied impelling machinery shewn for
that purpose, however the heroiu-described impelling machinery and apparatus
may be varied in forms, dimensions, and constructions, by mere mechanical
contrivances, to produce colourable variations in the said methods.
I claim the combinations herein described for applying the said sources of
motive power to the impelling of machinery for the agricultural purposes afore-
said, which are made up by combining the said sources of motive power at
said fixed stations with said agricultural fields, estates, or plantations, by laying
down or combining therewith a system of close or hermetically sealed mains
or pipes, thereby connecting the said fixed first movers with said fields, planta-
tions, or estates, and through the medium of said mains or pipes, with their
apparatus and attachments herein described, whereby I am enabled to transfer
and disseminate said sources of fix'd power into and through said fields,
plantations, or estates, and so, as herein described, take up said powerall along
and at any part of said mains, and thus transmit said power to and by the said
impelling engines, apparatus, and machinery, in, through, along, and over, in
any direction, and so impel the said agricultural implements for the purposes
aforesaid.
I claim the application of the flexible tube and revolving drum.
I claim the application of the said receivers attached to said impelling
engines, when said impelling engines take up power from said mains, and
move through fields, to impel the agricultural instruments aforesaid.
I claim the method and combinations making up the application of said gas
explosive power to railways, to common roads, and to canals, by laying down
and combining a system of gas mains with common railways, common roads,
and canals, and connecting therewith gas stations to supply power from said
mains to vehicles moving on said railways, common roads, and canals, and so
as aforesaid putting into operation locomotive impelling engines to effect
transit, however the said maius, valve mains, impelling engines, and apparatus
may be varied in forms and construction.

page_text: I claim the method of applying electrical currents to the valve aforesaid, and
so sealing and unsealing the valve.
I claim the combinations making up the said gas explosive engine herein-
described, and shewn in Drawing No. 4.
But I disclaim the reversing gearof the impelling engine shewn in Drawing
No. 4.
And I disclaim the uses of explosive mixtures, and exploding the same in
close chambers, except by the methods of application aforesaid.
And I disclaim the exclusive use of said auxiliary power, except by the
applications and combinations aforesaid.
In witness whereof, 1, the said Henry Pinkus, have hereunto set my hands
and seal, this Twenty-fifth day of February, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and forty.
H. (L.s.) PINKUS.
AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the Twenty-fifth day of February,
in the third year of the reign of Her Majesty Queen Victoria, the said Henry
Pinkus came before our said Lady the Queen in Her Chancery, and acknow-
ledged the Instrument aforesaid, and all and every thing therein contained
and specified, in form above written. And also the Instrument aforesaid was
stamped according to the tenor of the Statute made in the fifty-fifth year of
the reign of his late Majesty King George the Third.
Inrolled the Twenty-fifth day of February, One thousand eight hundred
and fand