IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS EMPLOYED IN SPINNING, DOUBLING AND TWISTING FIBROUS SUBSTANCES
Year: 1882

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Elijah Rushworth, of Idle, near Leeds, in the county of
York, Mill Manager for an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS
EMPLOYED IN SPINNING, DOUBLING AND TWISTING FIBROUS SUBSTANCES"
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Elijah Rushworth at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 1st November 1882.
ELIJAH RUSHWORTH of Idle near Leeds in the County of York Mill Manager
"IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS EMPLOYED IN SPINNING, DOUBLING AND TWISTING
FIBROUS SUBSTANCES."
This invention relates to that class of spinning, Doubling and twisting machinery
known as "cap frames" and the improvements consist in the employment of fixed
spindles and of wharles or wharves revolving in a stationary position on the top
of the collar rail of the frame, instead of running and moving with the lifter plate
as in ordinary cap spinning frames, by which means I avoid the objections of
variations in the tension of the driving bands; the wharles or wharves are fitted
with metal tubes having longitudinal grooves cut or formed in the tubes in which
fit and work projecting pins or lugs which are fitted or formed on rings or metal
bushes secured in the bottom part of the bobbins or tubes and are for the purpose
of driving or turning the bobbins or tubes; whereby I am enabled to produce on
cap spinning frames, smooth, even, full, soft and better yarn than can be obtained
in an ordinary cap frame, besides effecting a great saving in the driving power.
For this purpose, I secure spindles in an ordinary cap frame and inside the collar
rail in the usual manner, and each spindle is made with two different diameters,
the top part being smaller in diameter than the bottom part and on the bottom
part when the frame is in operation works and revolves a wharle or wharve to
which is secured a metal tube; the bottom part of the spindle is lubricated whilst
the top part is free from oil or any lubricant. The wharle or wharve is placed on
the top of the collar rail and revolves. in a stationary position which prevents
variation of tension of the driving bands as the bands are kept at a given tension

page_text: -
giving great regularity in spinning and twisting besides a great saving in the wear
and tear of driving bands.
For bobbins, I employ for each spindle a loose driver which is made by preference
of box wood and fitted with a steel or metal bush, inside the bush are formed or
fitted pins, key's or lugs (or a single pin key or lug may be employed) the pins
keys or lugs work in grooves formed or cut the length of the metal tube secured
in the wharle or wharve or the pin key or lug works in a groove; on the top of
the driver I secure slightly bent pins which enter into angular openings or cross
cuts formed in the bottom part of the bobbin; the pins drive the bobbin when
spinning or twisting; I also form on the bottom part of the driver, a ring which
works on the lifter plate.
In spinning and twisting onto paper tubes, I employ wood or metal tubes which
are made with bottom heads and with rings which rest on the lifter plate of tho
cap frame; inside the heads are secured steel or metal rings having pins or lugs
which work in the grooves of the metal tubes fixed to the wharles or wharves the
metal tubes actuated by the wharles or wharves give the rotatory motion to the
wood or metal tubes; by the employment of my tubes made with heads I do
away with the present method of the piecer stopping the wharle or wharve when
ends are down and when piecing up and I prevent the soiling of the yarn by the
dirt coming from the driving bands, besides giving ease to the piecer.
In spinning and twisting on spools, reeling or twisting bobbins, I employ
bobbins made with heads at the bottom parts, the heads are countersunk in the
bore and made with angular formed cross cuts and the openings or cross cuts are
placed over the bent pins of the drivers and the cross cuts are so constructed as to
draw or cause the bobbins to work down with the lifter plate and the drivers and
bobbins work up and down with the lifter plate and I may employ for spool,
reeling or twisting bobbins; bobbins or tubes made of box wood or of metal and
made with heads and fitted with rings, pins or lugs and also with bent pins and
the pins are fitted on the tops of the hends.
Femploy the usual caps-which-I-place-in-the-usual manner on the spindles.
By these nieans I ensure steady and even spinning and twisting and produce
very soft, full, smooth, even and better yarn than heretofore obtained.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said Elijah Rushworth in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
27th April 1883.
ELIJAH RUSHWORTH of Idle near Leeds in the county of York, Mill Manager
"IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS EMPLOYED IN SPINNING, DOUBLING AND TWISTING
FIBROUS SUBSTANCES
"
This invention relates to that class of spinning, doubling and twisting machinery
known as
cap frames" and the improvements consist in the employment of
fixed and greatly reduced spindles and of wharles or wharves revolving in a
stationary position on the top of the collar rail of the frame, instead of running
and moving with the lifter plate as in ordinary cap spinning frames, by which
means I avoid the objections of variations in the tension of the driving bands;
the wharles or wharves are fitted with metal tubes having one or more flat longi-
tudinal surface or surfaces which work through metal washers or bushes which are
secured in the bottom part of beads of bobbins or tubes or bobbin carriers and
which are for the purpose of driving or turning the bobbins or tubes or carriers
whereby I am enabled to produce on cap spinning frames, smooth, even, full, soft
and better yarns than can be obtained in an ordinary cap frame, besides effecting
a great saving in the driving power.
For this purpose I secure in an ordinary cap frame and inside the collar rail in
the usual manner reduced spindles and ou the spindles when the frame is in
operation works and revolves the wharles or wharves to which are secured metal
tubes having one or more flat longitudinal outside surfaces which work through
metal washers or bushes secured in the bottom part of the heads of bobbins or
tubes or bobbin carriers and which drive and turn the bobbins or tubes. The
bottom part of the spindle is lubricated whilst the top part is free from oil or
other lubricant; the wharle or wharve is placed on the top of the collar rail and
revolves in a stationary position which prevents variation in the tension of the
driving bands as the bands are kept at a given tension, giving great regularity in
spinning and twisting besides effecting a great saving in the wear and tear of the
driving bands. The bobbin carriers on which are placed the paper tubes or spinning.
bobbins are made with bottom heads having recesses in which are placed pins
secured to small brackets which are fixed to the lifter plate and which prevent the
bobbins or tubes lifting when revolving and inside the heads are secured steel or
metal rings having centre openings made to fit the flat longitudinal outside
surfaces of the metal tube which drives the bobbins or tubes, the bottom part of
the heads are made with a ring which rests on a washer or on the top of the lifter
plate; by the employment of my bobbin carriers made with heads I do away with
the present method of the piecer having to stop the wharle or wharve when ends
are down and when piecing up and prevent the soiling of the yarn by the dirt
coming from the driving bands besides giving ease to the piecer.
I also employ my bobbins or tubes or carriers to receive bobbins instead of the
paper tubes, the bobbins are passed over the bobbin carriers placed on the metal
tube of the wharle and are driven by pins secured in the head of the bobbin
carriers.
I can employ for bobbins and for each spindle a loose driver which is made by
preference of box wood and fitted with a steel or metal bush as hereinbefore
described; on the top of the driver I secure pins which are by preference slightly
bent and enter angular openings or cross cuts formed in the bottom parts of the
bobbins, the pins drive the bobbins when spinning or twisting; the drivers are
made on the bottom parts with a ring which works on a washer or on the lifter
plate top.

page_text: The caps are made with cavities in the tops in which I place metal balls having
guide pins, these balls are for the purpose of weighting the tops of the caps and
steadying the caps when revolving.
By these means I ensure steady and even spinning and twisting and produce
very soft, full, smooth, even and better yarn than those heretofore obtained.
In order to enable my improvements to be fully understood I will proceed to
describe the same by reference to the accompanying drawing in which figure 1,
represents part of a front view of an ordinary cap frame with my improvements
fitted thereto, and figure 2, is a side view of the same; figure 3, represents a section
of a cap having top cavity and ball; figure 4, represents a section of my improved
bobbin carrier, and figure 5, is a bottom view of the same; figure 6, represents an
elevation of my tube having flat longitudinal surfaces and fitted with a wharle or
wharve and figure 7, is a top view of the same; figure 8, represents a section of
loose driver and figure 9, is an outside view of the same; figure 10, represents a
side elevation of catch to prevent the lifting of the bobbin carrier when spinning,
doubling and twisting; figure 11, is a front view and figure 12, is a plan of the
same. Similar letters of reference are used to represent similar parts.
On an ordinary cap frame A, I secure in the usual manner reduced spindles B,
on which when the frame is in operation revolve the wharles or wharves C, having
metal tubes D, on which are flat longitudinal outside surfaces E, on which work
with the lifting and lowering action of the lifter plate F, the bobbin carriers G, and
which receive the revolving action by means of the steel or metal bushes or
plates H, secured in the heads I, of the bobbin carriers G; the opening J, in the
steel or metal bush H, is made the shape of and fits the metal tube D, and which
drives and turns the bobbin,.
The wharles or wharves C, are placed on the top of the collar rail K, of the
frame or are pi ed on washers or collars L, fitted or placed on the top of the collar
rail K, and, the wharles or wharves C, revolve in a stationary position which
prevents variation in the tension of the driving bands M, keeping the same at a
given tension and giving great regularity in spinning and twisting besides a great
saving in the wear and tear of the driving bands. The heads I, of the bobbin
carriers G, are made with cut out parts N, in each of which is placed the head O,
of a pin P, (figures 10, 11 and 12) which is secured in a small bracket Q, on the
top of the lifter plate F, and the guard prevents the lifting up of the bobbin
carrier G, from the lifter plate when spinning doubling and twisting. The bottom
parts of the heads I, are inade with rings R, which are placed on washers or on the
lifter plate and over the bobbin carrier G, I place the paper tubes to receive the
yarn and I may place wooden or other bobbins which are driven by pins S, secured
in the tops of the heads I.
I can also employ a loose driver T, made by preference of box wood and fitted
with a steel or inetal bush U, through the centre hole V, in the bottom plate W,
passes the tube D, of the wharle or wharve C, and the hole is made to suit the flat
longitudinal surface or surfaces; in the top of the driver are secured pins X, which
are by preference slightly bent and enter into angular openings or cross cuts
formed in the bottom parts of the bobbins, the pins drive the bobbins; the driver
is also made with a ring Y, placed on a washer or on the lifter plate.
I can also employ caps having cavities or recesses Z, in which I place lead or
metal balls A', having projecting guide pieces B¹; the balls are for the purpose of
placing weight on the top of the caps to steady the caps when revolving.
Having thus particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed or carried out in
practice, I would have it understood that I do not confine myself to the precise
details shewn and described, as these may be varied without departing from the
peculiar character of the invention, but what I claim as new and intend to be
protected by the herein in part recited Letters Patent is :-
Firstly. The construction and employment of fixed and greatly reduced spindles
on which are placed wharles or wharves having meta! tubes formed with one or

page_text: more longitudinal flat surface or surfaces the wharles or wharves revolving with
the tubes on the spindles in a stationary position on the top of the collar rail of an
ordinary cap spinning, doubling and twisting machine or frame, substantially as
and for the purpose herein before described and represented in the accompanying
drawing.
Secondly. The construction and employment of bobbin carriers having bushes
or washers in which are formed openings with surface or surfaces made to fit the
surface or surfaces of the tubes of the wharles or wharves for the purpose of
driving or turning the bobbin carriers and bobbins or tubes and forming recesses
in the heads of the bobbin carriers in which are placed heads of pins secured in
brackets which are fixed on the top of the lifter plate substantially as hereinbefore
described and illustrated by the accompanying drawing.
Thirdly. The construction and employment of loose drivers, substantially as
described and represented in the drawing.
Fourthly. The construction and employment of caps having cavities in the tops
in which are placed metal balls, substantially as and for the purpose hereinbefore
described and represented in the annexed drawing.
In Witness whereof I the said Elijah Rushworth have hereto set my hand
and seal this twenty sixth day of April in the year of our Lord one
thousand eight hundred and eighty throe
Witness.
WALTER JAS TURNER C.E.
Patent Agent
Bradford
ELIJAH RUSHWORTH (L.S.)