IMPROVEMENTS IN BLEACHING AND DYEING YARN AND THREAD WHEN IN THE FORM OF COPS OR OTHERWISE WOUND
Year: 1862

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Thomas Nesham Kirkham, of West Brompton, and
Vernon Francis Ensom, of Highgate, both in the County of Middlesex,
for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN BLEACHING AND DYEING YARN AND
THREAD WHEN IN THE FORM OF COPS OR OTHERWISE WOUND."
Sealed the 5th August 1862, and dated the 24th February 1862.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Thomas Nesham Kirk-
ham and Vernon Francis Ensom at the Office of the Commissioners of
Patents, with their Petition, on the 24th February 1862.
We, THOMAS NESHAM KIRKHAM, of West Brompton, and VERNON FRANCIS
ENSOM, of Highgate, both in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare
the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN BLEACHING AND DYEING YARN
AND THREAD. WHEN IN THE FORM OF COPS OR OTHERWISE WOUND," to be as
follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in bleaching and, dyeing
For these
yarn and thread when in the form of cops, or otherwise. wound.
purposes the bleaching or the dyeing liquor is introduced into the interior of
a cop, or into a mass of yarn or thread-wound into other forms in such manner
that the liquor is pressed from the interior outward through the mass, thus
supposing the yarn or thread is wound into the form of cops, then hollow
tubes in the form of spindles closed at the smaller ends are introduced into
the cops. These tubes are perforated or formed with 'numerous holes or
passages suitable for the free passage of the bleaching or dyeing liquor, or
cleansing or washing fluid. By these means when the liquid is forced through
the passages in the tubes the pressure of the liquid tends to separate the
layers or coils of yarn or thread outwards, and by such means the liquid gets
away in every direction so that every part is fully acted on. The liquid may

page_text: after having been pressed through. the-tubes in a direction from the interior
outwards, be then drawn back by the open ends of the perforated tubes being
put in connection with a suitable pump. When the yarn or thread is wound
into masses of other form than that of cops, then suitably formed tubes are
introduced into the interior of the masses, and the liquids are similarly intro-
-duced into the interior, and caused to flow outwards.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, fileil
by the said Thomas Nesham Kirkham and Vernon Francis Ensom in
*the Great Seal Patent Office on the 23rd August 1862.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, wc, THOMAS
NESHAM KIRKHAM, of West Brompton, and VERNON. FRANCIS ENSOM, of High-
gate, both in the County of Middlesex, send greeting.
.
..WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-fourth day of February, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight 'hundred and sixty-two, in the twenty-fifth year of
Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto
us, the said Thomas Nesham Kirkham and Vernon Francis Ensom, Her
special license, that we, the said Thomas Nesham Kirkham and Vernon
Francis Ensom, our executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as
we, the said Thomas Nesham Kirkham and Vernon Francis Ensom, our
executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and
no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend,
within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN BLEACHING
AND DYEING YARN AND THREAD WHEN IN THE FORM OF COPS, OR OTHERWISE
WOUND," upon
the condition (amongst others) that we, the said Thomas
Nesham Kirkham and Vernon Francis Ensom, our executors or adminis
trators; by an instrument in writing under our or their hands and seals, or
under the hand and seal of one of us or them, should particularly describe and
ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal
Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the
date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said Thomas Nesham Kirkham and Vernon
Francis Ensom, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention, and in

page_text: what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement thereof, that is to say:
This Invention has for its object improvements in bleaching and dyeing yarn
and thread when in the form of cops or otherwise wound.. For these purposes
the bleaching or the dyeing liquor is introduced into the interior of a cop, or
into a mass of yarn or thread wound into other forms in such manner that the
liquor is pressed from the interior outward through the mass, thus supposing
the yarn or thread is wound into the form of cops, then hollow tubes in the
form of spindles closed at the smaller ends are introduced into the cops, these
tubes are perforated or formed with numerous holes or passages suitable for
the free passage of the bleaching or dyeing liquor, or cleansing or washing
fluid. By these means when the liquid is forced through the passages in the
tubes the pressure of the liquid tends to separate the layers or coils of yarn or
thread outwards, and by such means the liquid gets away in every direction,
so that every part is fully acted on. The liquid may after having been pressed
through the tubes in a direction from the interior outwards, be then-drawn
back by the open ends of the perforated tubes being put in connection with a
suitable pump. When 'the yarn or thread is wound into masses of other form
than that of cops, then suitably formed tubes are introduced into the interior
of the masses, and the liquids are similarly introduced into the interior, and
caused to flow outwards.
Having thus stated the nature of our Invention, we will proceed more fully
to describe the manner of performing the same.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS..
Figure 1 shows a plan, and Figure 2 a transverse vertical section of appa-
ratus such as we prefer to use when'. cleansing; bleaching, or dyeing yarn or
thread wound in the form of cops. a, a, is a vessel or trough in which the
cleansing, bleaching, or dyeing liquors are received as they are passed through
the cops; b,.b, are two pipes or tubes, which are each connected with supply
pipes c, c, by stuffing boxes d, d, in such manner as to admit of the pipes 6 being
turned round. The pipes 6 are formed with suitable openings to receive the
ends of hollow perforated tubes e, e, which are of a corresponding size with the
spindles on which the cops. have been wound. In some cases the yarn or
thread may be wound in the form of cops on to suitable hollow tubes. The
other ends of the perforated tubes e, e, to those which are applied to the
pipes b, b, are received into recesses formed in the blocks or bearers which
support the pipes b. The liquid or liquor in the trough or vessel a, a, máy
when required be kept heated by steam pipes g, g. The liquid or liquor in

page_text: A
the trough or vessel a, a, may be drawn off through the outlet pipe h. In
using this apparatus a cop is placed on each of the perforated tubes e, e.
force pump or other apparatus is coupled to one of the ends of each of the
pipes c, c, whilst the supply pipes c, c, at the opposite ends of the pipes b, b,
are closed by cocks or plugs, bleaching or cleansing or washing fluid or dye
liquor is forced or caused to pass into the perforated tubes e, e, and from them
through the yarn or thread wound thereon. It will be evident that like fluids
or liquors may be also caused to pass back from the trough or vessel a, a,
through the yarn or thread wound. on the perforated tubes a by withdrawing
such fluids or liquors through the pipes b, b, by means of pumps or other-
.wise.
"We would remark that the object of having a supply pipe c at each end of
each of the pipes b is to facilitate the use of two liquids in succession without the
necessity of passing the different liquids through the same pumps or apparatus.
In place of the perforated tubes e, e, on which yarn or thread is wound being
taper they may be of other forms, thus the barrels of bobbins may be hollow
and perforated, and be suitably arranged for having yarn or thread wound on
them, which yarn or thread may then be washed or cleansed, or bleached or
dyed by forcing through them suitable fluids or liquors from the interior
outwards, and from the exterior to the interior as above explained.
Having thus described the nature of our Invention, and the manner of
performing the same, we would have it understood that we make no claim to
any of the parts of the apparatus herein described, and the arrangement thereof,
when carrying out our Invention therewith may be varied.
What we claim is the bleaching and dyeing of yarn and thread, when in
the form of cops or otherwise, by causing the liquids or liquors employed for
such purposes to be forced or caused to pass from the interior outwards, and
from the exterior inwards as herein described.
In witness whereof, we, the said Thomas Nesham Kirkham and Vernon
Francis Ensom, have hereunto set our hands and seals, this Thirty-
first day of July, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hun-
dred and sixty-two.
T. N. KIRKHAM.
(L.S.)
VERNON F. ENSOM. (L.s.)
T. N. KIRKHAM.
(L.S.)
VERNON F. ENSOM. (L.s.)