A NEW OR IMPROVED DOUBLE-DRILL PLOUGH, PARTS OF WHICH ARE APPLICABLE TO OTHER AGRICULTURAL MACHINES
Year: 1874

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Peter Wilson, of Noblehall, in the County of
Peebles, North Britain, Farmer and Agricultural Implement Agent,
for the Invention of "A NEW OR IMPROVED DOUBLE-DRILL PLOUGH, PARTS
"
Sealed the 9th April 1874, and dated the 13th January 1874.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Peter Wilson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
13th January 1874.
I, PETER WILSON, of Noblehall, in the County of Peebles, North
Britain, Farmer and Agricultural Implement Agent, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "A NEW OR IMPROVED DOUBLE-DRILL
PLOUGH, PARTS OF WHICH ARE APPLICABLE TO OTHER AGRICULTURAL MACHINES," to
be as follows :—
This Invention has reference to the construction and arrangement of
the parts of a new or improved double-drill plough as a whole and of
special parts by themselves separately, some of which are also applicable

page_text: CONSISTS all as 10110WS-
The two-drill ploughs which may be in themselves of the ordinary
construction with their socks and hinged or shifting mould boards carried
on each side of their internal frame, are each by these improvements
secured to a strong longitudinal beam placed above it, and made to shift
laterally to and from each other parallelly on each side of the central
traction beam of the main frame to and upon transverse and lateral bars,
passed through or firmly secured on cach side of the said beam, the
whole forming the main frame of this double drill plough. The whole
frame with its ploughs (so carried on it by keys on the front and back
transverse bars preferably two to each plough), are carried on one or
preferably two guiding wheels in front, and two at the back which are
all made to slide or rise and fall by their carrying stems in the sockets of
the beams of the frames to which they are set, and fixed to any working
depth of the ploughs and drills desired. The main or central traction
beam terminates at the back transverse bar, but is curved or arched up
and carried up in front of the fore cross bar and ploughs so as to have
(as in some other agricultural implements) the traction shackles or hook
and swingle trees attached to its extreme front end and a little behind,
but also considerably in front of the ploughs; the socket is formed for
the nearly vertical sliding spindle or stem of the guiding wheel, which
may either be carried on forked arms or a stud below when one wheel
is used, and when two wheels are used (as for the subsequent operation
of throwing up the earth on the seed or young plants) then these are
carried on the extreme free ends of an arched cross axle attached to the
lower end of the swivelling spindle. The spindle (so carrying the
guiding wheel or wheels) is swivelled by a long lever secured to its
upper end, the handle of which extends back over a carrying and fixing
rail secured to the back cross bar of the frame, so that the attendant
following the machine can set or guide the machine in a straight or
parallel course, and to raise and lower this front spindle and wheel or
wheels a double or reversed toothed ratchet wheel and plain chain wheel
formed or secured on one boss are carried on a strong stud or bracket,
with a hand lever oscillating on same centre and spring catch arms
or palls for engaging or disengaging the ratchet teeth on the
opposite sides of the ratchet wheel, while the two free ends of the chain
which has a turn or half turn in opposite directions round the wheel to

page_text: which it is secured are carried forward over reverse guide pulleys
attached to fore beam, and attached to hooks or pins at the upper and
lower parts of the swivelling spindle, all so that when the spring pall
lever at the rear of the machine is raised or lowered it regulates the height
of the guiding wheel or wheels by a positive motion, where they can be
held by any fixing segment in use for other hand levers. The two rear
trailing or carrying wheels are carried on lateral studs or forked ends in
the lower end of their vertical sliding stems or spindles, made to work in
square or other equivalent sockets formed preferably in the back ends of
the side beams carrying the ploughs, which are arched up for that
purpose in front of the back transverse bar or it might be behind it.
These spindles do not turn in the guiding seckets, but only raised and
lowered with their wheels and fixed by a pinching screw or key to allow
cach wheel to run in the centre and bottom of the drill formed by its
respective plough in front; but of course it will be understood that these
vertical sliding spindles or stems might be made to rise and fall by hand
levers and fixing segments when desired, and that although these
guiding and carrying wheels are preferred to run nearly vertically on
horizontal axes, yet it is to be understood that they might also be set
and made to run at an angle as the wheels in double furrow ploughs,
although this is not preferred by the petitioner in this new or improved
double "drill" plough, which is new as a whole, and also in being
carried on guiding and trailing wheels, and in the arrangement of duplex
ratchet and chain wheels with double spring and pall hand lever and
chains, all which the petitioner believes to be quite new, for regulating
and fixing the height of the front guiding and carrying wheels of
ploughs, and for other agricultural implements also as well as for this
new double drill plough.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, PETER
WILSON, of Noblehall, in the County of Peebles, North Britain,. Farmer
and Agriculural Implement Agent, send greeting.

page_text: my
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Thirteenth day of January, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-four, in the
thirty-seventh year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and suc-
cessors, give and grant unto me, the said Peter Wilson, Her special
licence that I, the said Peter Wilson, my executors, administrators,
and assigns, or such others as I, the said Peter Wilson,
executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with,
and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during
the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "A
NEW OR IMPROVED DOUBLE-DRILL PLOUGH, PARTS OF WHICH ARE APPLICABLE TO
OTHER AGRICULTURAL MACHINES," upon the condition (amongst others) that
I, the said Peter Wilson, my executors or administrators, by an instru-
ment in writing, under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals,
should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and
cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Peter Wilson, do hereby. declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement in writing, reference being had to the accompanying
Sheet of Drawings, and to the letters and figures marked thereon, that is
to say :-
My said Invention has reference to the construction and arrangement
of the parts of a new or improved double-drill plough, substantially as a
whole and of special parts by themselves separately, some of which are
applicable to other ploughs and agricultural implements or machines.
And in order that the nature, novelty, and mode of performing my
said Invention or putting its improvements into effect or practice may
be properly understood, I shall now proceed to describe the double-drill
plough shown in side elevation and plan respectively in Figures 1 and 2
of the Drawings, and constructed in accordance with and illustrative of
one modificaation of my said Invention or new or improved double-drill

page_text: plough, while Figures 3, 4, and 5 are transverse sections of the handle
and ratchet levers, ratchet wheel, and chain wheel for raising and
lowering the front end of the plough frame and plough, the front
steering spindle, axle, and wheels, and one of the back carrying wheels,
all respectively of and corresponding to Figures 1 and 2.
Referring to these Figures 1 to 5, the two drill ploughs A, A', (which
may be of the ordinary construction of other drill ploughs in use, as to
their socks and hinged or shifting mould boards A' carried on their
internal frame) are each by these improvements secured to one of two
strong longitudinal side beams B, B', cach to each, preferably with its
front end B¹ formed on or secured to the internal frame of the fixed
fore or body part A of each plough, and having the long back or beam
parts B rising above and secured so as to shift laterally to and from each
other, parallelly on each side of the main central and traction beam
C, C³, of the main frame firmly secured together by the strong front
transverse bar D, and the strong lateral screwed stays or bars D¹, D¹¹, all
either passed through or otherwise firmly secured to the said centre and
side beams C, C¹, and B, B¹, by cotters d or screw nuts d¹, d¹¹, so as thus
to form the main frame of this new double drill plough, preferably with
the side frames or beams B, B', continued back at B", as guiding handles.
The whole frame (B, B¹, B, C, C¹, D, D¹, D", thus formed with the
ploughs A, A², so secured and carried on it by keys d, and screws, and
nuts d, on the front and back transverse bars D, D¹, D", preferably with
two of the screws D¹, D", to each frame B, B¹, and plough A) is carried
at the front preferably on the two guiding wheels E, E, (or it might be
one wheel) on the ends of the axle E' secured to the lower end of the
spindle E oscillating horizontally and reciprocating vertically in the
deep eye C" in the front drawing end C¹ of the central beam C, C¹,
the frame, so that it can be raised or lowered on this spindle E" and
guided by it, and the wheels E as will be herein-after more particularly
described (see Figure 4), and the back end of the frame is carried by
two running and bearing preferably angled or ridged wheels F made to
slide or rise and fall by their carrying forked stems F', secured by socket
glands and screws F" to bow parts B2 of the beams B (see Figure 5),
and by which the wheels F and frame are set and fixed to suit any
working depth of the ploughs and drills desired, and so that the wheels
F run in the centre or track of the plough and drill.. The main central
traction beam C, C', terminates at the back transverse double screw bar
of

page_text: D" in an upright forked bracket piece C³, Figure 3, for carrying the
raising and lowering hand lever I, but is curved or arched up and carried
forward at C¹ in front of the main cross bar D and ploughs A, A³, so as
to have (as in some other agricultural implements) the traction shackle
and chain hook z (or it might be swingle trees) attached to its extreme
front end C³, preferably bent down with several regulating heights of
holes for the pin of the drawing shackle, somewhat below the top of
the ploughs in front of the steering wheels E. The socket C" is formed
in the front part C¹ of the beam C, C¹, sufficiently behind the drawing
knce C² for the stem E" of and guiding wheel E (when only one is used
as is sometimes the case) to rise and fall nearly vertically, and swivel
clear of these and the drawing gear, and in this case the wheel E may be
carried either on a joint pin in a forked arm or on a strong lateral knee
or stud on the lower end of the stem E". But for general use or when
two wheels are used (as preferred for the subsequent operation of
throwing up the earth on the seed or young plants) then these are
carried as shown on the extreme free ends of a bent cross axle E' firmly
secured or otherwise attached to the lower end of the swivelling spindle
E", so that the wheels E swivel preferably a few inches inside (or it
may be outside) the points of the two socks A", as seen in Figure 2.
This spindle E" is swivelled by the long horizontal lever E³, firmly
secured and jointed to its upper end with the handle E' of the lever
extending back over a carrying and fixing rail or bar e with retaining
spaces or pins e¹ in it, and secured by the standard e³ or other equivalent
to the back of the central beam C or other part of the frame, all con-
venient, so that the attendant or ploughman following the machine can
set or guide the machine in a straight or parallel direction. The
lowering and raising of the front of the ploughs and main frame are
effected by the raising and lowering of the spindle E", and its wheel or
wheels E through or by a double or reverse toothed ratchet wheel G and
a plain or it might be pitch chain wheel H, both mounted on the same
axial pin or stud c of the strong open kneed bracket C³, having the
strong central hand lever I also oscillating on this pin c by its open or
forked end I, which has the chain wheel H secured to it by the bolts i
while the ratchet wheel G is secured to the bracket C³ by the bolt g.
Thus the chain wheel H which turns the lever I has the chain / secured
by the screw pin ' to and passed round its back perimeter, making about
half a turn or so, and then carried forward by the intermediate links h",
and tightening screw shackle h² with the two free ends h³, h¹, passed up

page_text: and down round the guide pulleys H³ revolving in a bracket H" secured
to the front part of the beam C, C', and attached to the hooks h³, h¹¹1,
(or other equivalent) secured respectively at the upper and lower parts.
Es, E, of the spindle E", which therefore moves up or down as the
lever I is moved down or up from 1 to 2, or vice versa, of the arc 1, I",
2, indicated in red lines at the handles I, J, J¹, of this compound lever
I, I, J, J', which has the two long holding or catch hand levers J, J¹,
jointed to it one on each side at j with the short pawls or arms j¹, j³,
engaging and holding into the ratchet teeth cut in reverse directions on
the opposite side of the ratchet wheel G, by the power of the spring j",
secured to the inside of their long arms J¹ and pressing these out from
the main hand lever I, so as to hold it in any position it is set to, by
simply pressing one or other of the spring levers J' against the main
lever I in the direction indicated by the black and red arrows
respectively, and to the position or height it is desired to raise and fix
the lever and that of the swivelling spindle E" to, all so that when the
spring pawl lever I, I', J, J¹, is raised or lowered as stated it regulates
the height of the guiding wheel or wheels E, E, and front of the ploughs
by a positive motion in either direction to any working position, where
they are held by the pawls j', or when desired this may be effected
by a fixed notched segment, such as used for holding the reversing levers
of locomotives, and the levers of other agricultural implements. The
two rear trailing and carrying wheels F, F, are carried in the forked
ends at the lower end of their vertical sliding stems or spindles F¹, F",
(or it might be on lateral studs on these spindles) made to shift in square
or other equivalent sockets F", F", preferably secured to or formed in
the back ends of the side beams B, B, carrying the ploughs, and which
are arched up to clear the wheels at B2, as seen in Figures 1 and 5 where
a scraper or cleaner F2 is fixed over each wheel F by the shackles F,
which secure the spindles F¹ to the main beams B, B. These spindles F
do not turn in the fixing sockets F", but are only raised and lowered
with their wheels F, and fixed to the desired height by their screw
shackles F, or other equivalents to allow each wheel F to run in the
centre and bottom of the drill formed by its respective plough in front
of it. But of course it will be understood that these vertical sliding
spindles or stems F¹, F¹, might be made to rise and fall by hand levers
and fixing segments when desired, and that although these guiding and
carrying wheels F, F, are preferred to run nearly vertically on horizontal
axes, yet it is to be understood that they might also be set and made

page_text: to run at an angle as the wheels in double "furrow" ploughs, although
I do not prefer this in my new or improved double "drill" plough,
which is new in its general arrangement as a whole, and also in being
carried on guiding and trailing wheels E, F, and in the arrangement of
duplex ratchet and chain wheels and chains with a double spring and
pawl hand lever I, J, J', for raising and lowering the guiding wheels E,
and ploughs A, A, of these double drill ploughs and other ploughs, and
equally suitable for the like purpose in other agricultural implements or
machines. The mould board or side plates A¹ of each plough A, A, for
turning over the mould are drawn in or forced out to form any desired
width of furrow by the two angled or toggle links a, a, having their
outer ends jointed to the inside plate A', and their inner ends jointed to
a screw nut a¹ working on the screw spindle carried in a bracket b,
secured to and projecting down from each beam B between the mould
boards A', A', of each plough A, A¹, so that when the screw spindle 6¹ is
turned in one direction or the other by the hand wheel 6", the mould
boards A¹ are either drawn close together or expanded so as to make a
narrow or a wide furrow, all respectively and as indicated at A* in black
and red lines in Figure 2. The drill ploughs A, A', and their wheels
F, F, (which run exactly in the groove in the centre and bottom of the
drill) are secured to their respective beams or frames B one on each side
so that by shifting these on their transverse carrying bars D, D¹, D", to
the proper equal distance off the main central beam C, C¹, and fixing
them again by their securing cotters and screw nuts d, d", the plough
may thus be set to suit any width of drill or distance between the
furrows desired.
Having thus described the nature of my said Invention, and the
manner in which the same is or may be performed, I have to state
that I do not restrict myself to the precise details herein described or
delineated, but what I believe to be novel and original, and therefore
claim as the Invention secured to me by the herein-before in part recited
Letters Patent is,―-
First. The construction and general arrangement of the parts of a
double drill plough for their respective purposes, all substantially as
herein described and shown in the accompanying Drawings.
"
Second. The mounting of a double-drill plough on front guiding and
back carrying wheels, substantially as herein described and shown in the
accompanying Drawings.

page_text: Third. The construction and arrangement of the parts of a raising or
owering and fixing lever with a chain and chain wheel, and duplex
etaining ratchet and pawls or an equivalent notched quadrant for
double-drill or other ploughs and agricultural machines, snbstantially as
herein described and shown in the accompanying Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said Peter Wilson, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Ninth day of July, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-four.
0 Witness,
W. R. M. THOMSON,
Patent Agent,
Glasgow.
PETER WILSON. (L.S.)