IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR MARKING, ETCHING, OR ENGRAVING ON CYLINDRICAL AND OTHER SURFACES
Year: 1862

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Henry Garside, of Coupland Street, Manchester, in
the County of Lancaster, Engineer and Machinist, for the Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR MARKING, ETCHING, OR
ENGRAVING ON CYLINDRICAL AND OTHER SURFACES."
Sealed the 10th February 1868, and dated the 16th August 1862.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Henry Garside at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
16th August 1862.
I, HENRY GARSIDE, of Coupland Street, Manchester, in the County of Lan-
caster, Engineer and Machinist, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR MARKING,
ETCHING, OR ENGRAVING ON CYLINDRICAL AND OTHER SURFACES," to be as
follows:-
It consists, firstly, in the employment for marking, etching, or engraving
upon cylindrical surfaces of two frames used in connection with a pentographic
arrangement, from which pentographic arrangement motion is imparted to the
said frames by means of two slots, bars, grooves, or slides, one of which is
attached to each frame, and which said slots, bars, grooves, or slides cross
each other at right angles and receive motion from the pentographic arrange-

page_text: ment at their point of crossing over or intersection with each other.
One of
these frames carries or communicates motion to the marking, etching, or
engraving points or tools in a direction parallel with the axis of the cylinder
operated upon, and the other frame, moving at right angles to the foregoing,
imparts all such rotary movements to the cylinder as may be necessary in
combination with the straight line movement of the etching or engraving points
or tools to produce upon the cylinder the figures desired.
Secondly, in the employment for marking, etching, or engraving upon
cylindrical or other surfaces of two frames or table, carried by or moving upon
wheels or rollers, and actuated by a pentographic arrangement. The lower of
the two frames or tables is constructed to move in a direction at right angles
to the axis of the cylinder operated upon, and the second table, which rests
upon and is carried by the first, and partakes of its movements, is capable of
being moved thereon in directions parallel with the axis of the cylinder. It
is clear that the directions of movement of the two tables or frames may be
reversed, that is, the upper one may be made to move at right angles to the
axis of the cylinder, and the lower one in a direction parallel with the cylinder.
The cylinder to be operated on bears upon the upper frame or table so as to
be revolved thereby or moved endwise therewith as required, and is fixed
upon a mandril, the ends of which project beyond it and pass through suitable
holes which allow of and guide the cylinder in its endwise and circular move-
ments. The marking, etching, or engraving points or tools are in this case
stationary, or are only capable of such movement as may be necessary to enable
them to be adjusted to or withdrawn from the work.
Thirdly, in the employment for engraving machines for cylinders of a castor
for supporting the arm of the pentographic instrument which carries the
tracing point, in lieu of the suspension cord, over-head pulley, and balance
weight hitherto used.
Fourthly, in the employment for engraving on flat or irregularly formed
surfaces of a system of tools actuated by means of voltaic electricity in
combination with electro-magnets attached to or connected with such
tools.
Fifthly, in the employment of magneto-electricity for the generation of force
to be used in actuating or withdrawing the tools or instruments employed for
marking, etching, or engraving on cylindrical or any other formed surfaces, such
force being at present generated by means of voltaic electricity,

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said Henry Garside, in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
14th February 1868.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, HENRY
GARSIDE, of Coupland Street, Manchester, in the County of Lancaster,
Engineer and Machinist, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Sixteenth day of August, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-two, in the twenty-sixth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said Henry Garside, Her special licence that I, the said Henry
Garside, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I,
the said Henry Garside, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should
at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times
thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make,
use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR MARKING, ETCHING, OR ENGRAVING ON
CYLINDRICAL AND OTHER SURFACES," upon the condition (amongst others) that
I, the said Henry Garside, my executors or administrators, by an instrument
in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should par-
ticularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in
what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be
filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Henry Garside, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement, that is to say :-
It consists, firstly, in the employment for marking, etching, or engraving
upon cylindrical surfaces of two frames used in connection with a pento-
graphic arrangement; motion is imparted to the said frames by means of two
slots, bars, grooves, or slides, one of which is attached to each frame, and which
said slots, bars, grooves, or slides cross each other at right angles and receive
motion from the pentographic arrangement at their point of crossing over or
intersection with each other. One of these frames carries or communicates
motion to the marking, etching, or engraving points or tools in a direction

page_text: parallel with the axis of the cylinder operated upon, and the other frame,
moving at right angles to the foregoing, imparts all such rotary movements
to the cylinder as may be necessary in combination with the straight line
movement of the marking, etching, or engraving points or tools to produce
upon the cylinder the figures desired.
Secondly, in the employment for marking, etching, or engraving upon
cylindrical or other surfaces of two frames or tables, carried by or moving
upon wheels or rollers, and actuated by a pentographic arrangement. The
lower of the two frames or tables is constructed to move in a direction at
right angles to the axis of the cylinder operated upon, and the second table,
which rests upon and is carried by the first, and partakes of its movements, is
capable of being moved thereon in directions parallel with the axis of the
cylinder. It is clear that the directions of movement of the two tables or
frames may be reversed, that is, the upper one may be made to move at right
angles to the axis of the cylinder, and the lower one in a direction parallel with
the cylinder. The cylinder to be operated on bears upon the upper frame or
table so as to be revolved thereby or moved endwise therewith as required,
and is fixed upon a mandril, the ends of which project beyond it and pass
through suitable holes which allow of and guide the cylinder in its endwise
and circular movements. The marking, etching, or engraving points or tools
are in this case stationary, or are only capable of such movement as may be
necessary to enable them to be adjusted to or withdrawn from the work.
Thirdly, in the employment for engraving machines for cylinders of a castor
for supporting the arm of the pentographic instrument which carries the
tracing point, in lieu of the suspension cord, over-head pulley, and balance
weight hitherto used.
Fourthly, in the employment for engraving on flat or irregularly formed
surfaces of a system of tools actuated by means of voltaic electricity in com-
bination with electro-magnets attached to or connected with such tools.
Fifthly, in the employment of magneto-electricity for the generation of force
to be used in actuating or withdrawing the tools or instruments employed
for marking, etching, or engraving on cylindrical or any other formed
surfaces, such force having been hitherto generated by means of voltaic
electricity.
The mode in which I propose to carry out the several parts of my Invention
will be fully understood by the aid of the accompanying three Sheets of
Drawings and letters of reference appertaining thereto in the following
description.

page_text: VESURITION OF THE DRAWINGSI
Figure 1 of Sheet 1 is a plan, and Figure 2 of the same Sheet an eleva-
tion, partly in section, of a machine constructed according to the part of my
Invention firstly herein referred to, and which has reference to that class of
pentograph machines wherein motion is given partly to the roller to be
engraved and partly to the bar to which the engraving tools are attached.
a represents the roller required to be marked, etched, or engraved
fixed upon a mandril b, the ends of which are capable of revolution in guide
bearings c contained or formed in the headstocks d. The roller a rests upon
and is supported at its extremeties by adjustable discs e carried by the shaft f,
which in its turn is supported on antifriction pullies 9 carried by the head-
stocks d. The engraving tools are carried by the tool bar h running (on
guide pullies i) parallel with the axis of the roller, the entire tool bar
arrangement being sustained by longitudinal beams k fixed at each end to
the headstocks d. It being understood that the roller a is capable of motion
about its axis, and that the tool bar h carrying the marking, etching, or
engraving points or tools may be moved endwise, as required, parallel with
that axis, it will be obvious that a suitable combination of the two movements
will cause the tools to describe any required curve or any figure upon the
surface of the cylinder. Any pentographic instrument may be made by
suitable connections to give the required movements, but the one I prefer
is the rhomboidal frame already known, but modified substantially as shewn.
1 is an arm or limb, having at one end a hinged piece to which the tracing
point is attached; 2, 3, and 4 are the remaining limbs of the series jointed
together as represented. At the point o an adjustable stud fixed to the
limb 3 works with a sliding fit in two slotted pieces, namely, the bracket m,
which is rigidly secured to the tool bar h, and the frame n, which is supported
by four pullies n¹ or equivalents which act as guides, and serve at the same
time to reduce friction. Instead of the suspension cords, over-head pullies,
and balance weights hitherto used to partially support the weight of the
tracing limb 1, I prefer to employ a castor S constructed substantially as
shewn, and fixed under the limbs 1 or 4, or in such other position as may
be found most desirable. The frame n is provided with stands or brackets p.
to which metallic ribbons or wires q, passing round pullies r on the shaft f,
are attached. If preferred; the pullies may rest directly upon the side bars
of the frame n without affecting the result, provided suitable arrangements be
made for holding the ends of the disc shaft in the headstocks d. The cross
shaft t is for the purpose of transmitting motion from the tool bar h to a

page_text: second tool bar placed on the opposite side of the roller. The connections
between the two tool bars and the shaft t may be made by ribbons or wires
in the manner usually practised.. If now movement be given in any direction
to the tracing point, a similar movement proportionate with the position of
the studs o and o¹ will be communicated at the point o to one or both of the
slotted parts m and n. If the motion be parallel with the axis of the roller
the joint piece will slide freely in the slot of the frame n, and will move the
bracket m together with the tool bar h in the same direction. If the motion
of the tracer be at right angles with the roller the stud will slide in the slot
of the bracket m, and will move the frame n in a like direction, the bands q
attached to it causing a rotary movement of the disc shaft with its discs and
of the roller which rests upon them. The result of any combination of the
movements described will be a diagonal or curved line on the roller.
In Sheet 2 is shewn the arrangement I employ for carrying into effect the
second part of my Invention, and which has reference to that class of pen-
tograph machines wherein motion is given to the roller alone, as distinguished
from those in which motion is communicated partly to the roller and partly to
the marking, etching, or engraving tools or instruments. Figure 1 is a plan
of the machine, and Figure 2 an end view, partly in section of the same.
The roller a to be engraved is truly centred on a mandril 6, which is capable
of rotation in and of easy movement endwise through the bushes c whereby it
is guided, and which fit between the cheeks of the headstocks d. The ends of
the roller rest upon blocks e, which may be fixed in any required position (to
suit various lengths of rollers) upon the upper moving table or frame f, which
upper table is in turn supported on a lower frame 9 moving at right angles
or approximately so to the upper table f. In order to lessen friction the
lower frame moves on pullies or rollers h, which run on the plane surface A
or on suitable guides; rollers i are also interposed between the upper table
and lower frame. If movement now be given to the upper table in a
direction parallel with the axis of the roller to be engraved the roller will be
carried with it, and will be guided by the ends of the mandril 6 sliding
through the steps or bearings c; motion at right angles to the axis may also
be given to the upper table, since the lower frame by which it is supported
moves freely in that direction, the roller a by friction upon or adhesion to the
blocks e on which it rests, being with its mandril 6 at the same time revolved
about their common axis. A combination of the endwise and circular move-
ments will obviously give a diagonal or curved direction to any point on the
external surface of the roller. Any pentographic instument with suitable
connections may, as stated with reference to the arrangement represented

page_text: in Sheet 1, be employed for giving the required movements, but I prefer
to use the series of levers on rhomboidal frame, there described. The
arm 1 carries a hinged piece k to which the tracing point is attached,
and 2, 3, and 4 are the remaining limbs of the series jointed together
as shewn. At the point o the limb 8 is connected with the upper table f
by means of a bracket m fixed to the table, and which engages or is attached
to a joint piece n, capable of a sliding adjustment on the limb 3. The
limb 2 has a similar joint piece for engaging with the centre in the fulcrum
stand g. The fulcrum stand is arranged with sliding movements at right
angles to each other by means of the screws r, r'. By using the sliding joint
pieces n, p, I obtain variable proportions in the movements as between the
tracing point and the upper table f, on which the roller is supported, and
consequently similar proportions between the copy and the object to be
engraved on the roller. In this, as in the case previously described, I make
use of a castor placed as referred to, partially to support the weight of the
tracing limb 1. Means are provided for carrying the engraving instruments
by the bar t, which extends to a greater length than the roller, and which I
prefer should be fixed at its ends to strong upright arms u, such arms being
attached at their lower ends by bolts or pins to the headstocks d, or to other
suitable fixings, so that they, together with the tool bar t, may be swung to
accommodate different diameters of rollers, and be temporarily held in any
desired position by the slotted plates and screws w. For fixing the pattern
or ruling plates to the pattern table B of the machine, I prefer that the
plates should have bevilled strips y of metal fastened to each end, and that
they should be drawn sufficiently tight by means of the screw cramp z. The
same system may be also used for the machine described in the first part.
The treadle motion for lifting the engraving tools at intervals from the roller
is of the kind common to this class of machine.
Figure 1 of Sheet 3 is a plan of an arrangement for carrying into effect
that part of my Invention which has reference to the engraving of plane
and other surfaces by means of an apparatus in which the necessary with-
drawals of the tool are effected by electric agency; Figure 2, a side view of
the same, with the electro-magnet removed; and Figure 8, a side view of the
electro-magnet, with its stand.
a is a drill spindle mounted on suitable bearings, and having a small pulley.b
for communicating to it a rapid rotary movement. The stop screw c is for
regulating the depth of penetration, and the spiral spring d with regulating
nut and guide spindle e to give the necessary pressure; f is an electro-magnet,
with armature g, the free end bearing upon the point of the stop screw c.

page_text: The magnet is insulated by the block of non-conducting material h, and
has studs for connecting the battery wires k. B is a needle-holder, also
insulated, the needle / bearing against the pattern surface C, which may be a
flat plate fitted on a revolving disc, as shewn, an irregular surface, or even a
cylinder E, as shewn in dotted lines, the pattern being figured upon it with
varnish or other non-conducting material in the usual manner. A link F
may connect the sliding plates G, H, to which the drilling instrument and the
needle-holder are respectively fixed, or they may have proportionate move-
ments given to them on the slide I. D is a plane or other surface to be engraved.
The battery A, whether of the magneto-electro kind or on the voltaic system,
being fixed in any desirable position, a design is copied in the following
manner: The drill m is to be put in rapid revolution, and motion is also to
be given to the pattern surface C, the surface to be engraved D, the slide or
slides G, H, which support the drilling instrument a, and to the needle-holder.
The circuit of the electric current, no matter how generated, is passed from
one pole of the battery by the conducting wires k, the contact piece n, the
needle, and the electro-magnet f back again to the other pole of the battery.
Since by mechanical movement of the several parts the needle is found to be
alternately pressed against the metallic pattern surface and the non-con-
ducting medium in which the pattern is drawn, it follows that the continuity
of the current is broken at intervals. When a break occurs the drill is freely
pressed towards the work, because the magnet ceases to act upon its arma-
ture g, but when the current circulates freely the drill is withdrawn by
the armature impinging upon the adjusting screw c. By connecting dif-
ferential movements to the several parts great variety of result may be
produced. A magneto-electric battery may also be used to actuate the
etching or tracing tools employed in electric engraving, such tools having
hitherto acted without rotation, and having been operated by electro-magnets
in the electric circuit of a voltaic battery.
Having now fully described and ascertained the nature of my said Invention,
and the manner in which the same may be performed; I would have it under-
stood that I do not claim as new the whole of the arrangements herein-before
described, neither do I limit or confine myself to the precise details herein
set forth for carrying my Invention into effect, as the same admit of being
variously modified without departing from the distinctive features of my
Invention, but that I claim,-
Firstly, the use of slotted pieces or substantial equivalents for communi-
cating motion from any suitable pentographic instrument to the roller and
tool bar substantially as firstly herein-before described.

page_text: Secondly, the use or employment for marking, etching, or engraving upon
cylindrical or other surfaces of two frames or tables carried by or moving
upon wheels or rollers at right angles or nearly so to each other, and actuated
by a pentographic arrangement, all substantially as described.
Thirdly, the application to pentographic engraving machines having rhom
boidal frames (either separately or in combination with each other) of the
castor for supporting the tracing arm of the pentographic arrangement, the
hinged holder k for carrying the tracing point, the sliding-joint pieces n, p, and
also, as applied to pentographic engraving machines, the means shewn and
described for fixing the pattern or ruling plates.
Fourthly, the adjustable fulcrum stand, with movements at right angles to
each other, substantially as described.
Fifthly, the use or employment, substantially as described, of a drilling
instrument or instruments actuated or controlled by electric currents produced
by a magneto-electric battery excited by mechanical agency, or otherwise by
a voltaic battery excited by chemical agency.
Sixthly, the employment of magneto-electricity for the generation of force
to be used in actuating or withdrawing the tools or instruments acting without
rotation employed for marking, etching, or engraving on cylindrical or any
other formed surfaces, such force having been hitherto generated by means of
voltaic electricity.
In witness whereof, I, the said Henry Garside, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Twelfth day of February, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-three.
HENRY GARSIDE. (L.B.)