IMPROVEMENTS IN FIXING THE TUBES IN STEAM CLARIFIERS AND EVAPOrating Pans.” STEAM CLARIFIERS AND EVAPORATING PANS.
Year: 1874

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Renny Watson, of the Firm of Mirrlees,
Tait, and Watson, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North
Britain, and Robert Andrew Robertson, Manager to the said
Firm, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN FIXING THE TUBES IN
STEAM CLARIFIERS AND EVAPOrating Pans.”
STEAM CLARIFIERS AND EVAPORATING PANS.'
Sealed the 1st December 1874, and dated the 1st September 1874.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Renny
Watson and Robert Andrew Robertson at the Office of the Com-
missioners of Patents, with their Petition, on the 1st September
1874.
We, WILLIAM RENNY WATSON, of the Firm of Mirrlees, Tait, and
Watson, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North Britain, and
ROBERT ANDREW ROBERTSON, Manager to the said Firm, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN FIXING
THE TUBES IN STEAM CLARIFIERS AND EVAPORATING PANS," to be as follows,
that is to say :-
This Invcution which relates to improvements in fixing the tubes in .
steam clarifiers and evaporating pans, has for its object to provide an.

page_text: efficient mode of securing the same at a less cost than under the existing
systems, at the same time avoiding the cost of the inner tubes as well as
the caps on the ends of the outside tubes at present employed.
According to the present Invention the tubes which are plain
cylindrical tubes are fixed into plates by expanding or otherwise fixing
the ends of the tubes in the holes in the plates. These plates at one of
the ends of the tubes are bolted to the face of the trunnion pipe, whilst
those at the opposite end of the tubes are covered by hollow plates.
The trunnion pipe has a horizontal diaphragm dividing it into upper and
lower compartments, thus causing the steam to pass into the upper tube
and return through the lower tube.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said William Renny Watson and Robert Andrew
Robertson in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 27th February
1875.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, wc, WILLIAM
RENNY WATSON, of the Firm of Mirrlccs, Tait, and Watson, of Glasgow,
in the County of Lanark, North Britain, Engineers, and ROBERT
ANDREW ROBERTSON, Manager to the said Firm, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the First day of September, in the year
of our Lord One thousand cight hundred and seventy-four, in the 38th
year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give
and grant unto us, the said William Renny Watson and Robert Andrew
Robertson, Her special license that we, the said William Renny
Watson and Robert Andrew Robertson, our executors, administrators,
and assigns, or such others as we, the said William Renny Watson
and Robert Andrew Robertson, our exccutors, administrators, or
assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to.
time and all times thereafter during the term therein expressed,
should and lawfully might mako, use, exercise, and vend, within the
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands,
and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN FIXING THE TUBES
IN STEAM CLARIFIERS AND EVAPORATING PANS," upon the condition (amongst

page_text: others) that we, the said William Renny Watson and Robert Andrew
Robertson, by an instrument in writing under our hands and seals,
should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and
cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said William Renny Watson and
Robert Andrew Robertson, do hereby declare the nature of our said
Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following state-
ment, reference being had to the accompanying Drawings, and to the
letters and figures marked thereon, that is to say :—
Our said Invention which relates to improvements in fixing the tubes.
in steam clarifiers and evaporating pans used in the manufacture of
sugar and for similar purposes, has for its object to provide an efficient
mode of securing the same at a less cost than under the existing systems,"
at the same time avoiding the cost of the inner tubes as well as the caps
on the ends of the outside tubes at present employed.
According to the present Invention the tubes which aro plain cylindrical
tubes are fixed into plates by expanding or otherwise fixing the ends of
the tubes in the holes in the plates. These plates at one of the ends of
the tubes are bolted to the face of the trunnion pipe, whilst those at the
opposite end of the tubes are covered by a hollow plate or cap. The
trunnion pipe has a horizontal diaphragm dividing it into upper and
lower compartments, thus causing the steam to pass into the upper
tubes and return through the lower tubes.
And in order that our said Invention may be properly understood, we
now procced more particularly to set forth the system, mode, or manner
in or under which the same is or may be used or practically carried
into effect, reference being had to the annexed Sheet of Drawings, and
to the letters and figures marked thereon, that is to say:
Figure 1 on the annexed Sheet of Drawings is a vertical section (at
the line a, b, Figure 2), shewing the tubes fixed after the manner
constituting our said Invention; Figure 2 is an end view of the trunnion.
pipe D looking towards the face of the joint made with the tube plate B,

page_text: Figure 1, the circles A indicating the positions of the tubes relatively
thereto; Figure 3 is a plan of part of the same. The ends of the
tubes A are fixed into holes in the tube plates B, B', (preferably of the
form shewn on the Drawings), either by expansion or by any other
convenient mode, whereby a steam-tight joint is ensured between the
tubes A and plates B, B'. The tube plates B, B', are bolted to the
trunnion pipe D and the cap C respectively, as shewn in section at
Figure 1. The cap C extends the whole length of the tube plate B', and
so connects the two rows of tubes at that end. The trunnion pipe D is
divided into two chambers or compartments, cach communicating with
one end of the pipe D by the horizontal diaphragm or division E, which
prevents any communication between the upper and lower chamber,
except by way of the tubes A and cap C.
In order to keep the heating tubes free from water (condensed steam),
and to render them as effective as possible, the journals or trunnions F, F,
of the pipe D are so placed that the lowest part of their internal diameters
are below that of the lowest row of heating tubes.
Figures 4 and 5 shew a sectional elevation and plan of a steam
clarifier, having the heating tubes A fixed and arranged according to
our Invention in the tube plates B, B', which are bolted respectively to
the trunnion pipe D and cap O. The trunnion pipe and tubes are fitted
into the ordinary clarifier case or tank I provided with inlet and outlet
trunnion glands G and H, run-off cocks K, and all the usual fittings of
such apparatus.
In working the clarifier arranged according to our Invention the s
steam is admitted by the trunnion F in the gland G, and filling the
heating tubes is condensed, and the resulting water, following the
direction of the red arrows shewn on Figures 1 and 2 is removed through
the trunnion F¹ in the gland H, as rapidly as formed.
By means of the arrangement of tubes, tube plates, and cap herein-
before described, the internal tubes at present used in steam clarifiers
and evaporating pans are dispensed with, whereby the cost of construction
is reduced and the steam clarifiers or evaporating pans are rendered more
efficient.
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of our

page_text: the same is or may be used or practically carried into effect, we would
observe in conclusion that what we consider to be novel and original,
and therefore claim as the Invention secured to us by the herein-before
in part recited Letters Patent is, fixing both the ends of the heating
tubes of that form of clarifier or evaporating pan shown in the accom-
panying Drawings by expansion or otherwise into tube plates, and
arranging the communication between the tubes so as to allow of
the free exit of the condensed steam, substantially as herein-before
described.
In witness whereof, we, the said William Renny Watson and
Robert Andrew Robertson, have hereunto set our hands and
seals, this Twenty-fifth day of February, One thousand eight
hundred and seventy-five.