CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF AND MANUFACTURE OF ANCHORS
Year: 1854

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Robert James Mary'on, of No. 37, York Road,
Lambeth, in the County of Surrey, Gentleman, for the Invention of
"CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF AND MANUFACTURE OF
ANCHORS."
Sealed the 26th September 1854, and dated the 2nd May 1854.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Robert James Mary'on
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
2nd May 1854.
I, ROBERT JAMES MARY'ON, of No. 37, York Road, Lambeth, in the County
of Surrey, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF AND MANUFACTURE OF
ANCHORS" to be as follows (viz.):—
Firstly, I do so construct the flukes of anchors on several improved safety
principles of trussing, and collapsing, and tripping, and biteing, and holding, and
of obtaining and applying compound leverage; and for certain means of division
of strain; and certain means of construction of, and manufacture of, and appli-
cation of anchor shanks; and the construction of and application of certain
improved means of safety adjusting stocks, or upper right angle arms of
anchors; and certain improved means of construction of union coupling arms
stock; and certain improved means of construction of and manufacture of
conical substance and parallel bore tubular arms stock; and which in detail
may be particularly ascertained by the accompanying description.

page_text: For practically constructing and manufacturing my improved anchors, marine
or otherwise used anchors, to be as follows:-
Firstly, I do construct the flukes of anchors on-several principles (viz.): -
Firstly, I do so form a swivel fluke (in use and purpose of utility and in
application the same as the well-known expired Patent of Porter in the
marine), with this my improvement, that is to say, I do so construct my fluke
or flukes various: firstly, I project a plan of construction of the flukes of
anchors with a arch or arc joint (similar to a mechanic's two-foot rule arch
joint), viz., (at the swivel pin of the well-known Porter's swivel compound lever
anchor,) whereby this said principle of my said projection will safely secure to
vessels or ships a perfect and simple safety means of carrying or of suspending
their anchor over their or the bow or bows of the ship (as is now the practice
in the marine for.vessels so to do when under way; going up or down-channel,
often causing damage to great extent), which my said or aforesaid jointed arch
flukes or fluke safely (obviate), being capable of collapse and coaptation,
whereby the anchor flukes palms are closely stowed against the anchor shank
when in a state of rest, or while suspended over the bow of the ship).
Secondly, I do so construct a traveller of such suitable form as to pass freely
up and down the shank of the anchor, covering or taking within its diameter the
palms of my collapsing flukes, and which I do call my safety traveller ring or
hoop, which is also servicable when the anchor is to be stowed on board ship,
as it keeps the anchor in less stowage; and I also sometimes use or apply a
shackle or a chain passed over the crown of the anchor shank, that is.to say,
the part of the shank where the fluke or flukes are inserted in the jaw or slot
of the shank, which is a very common plan, as it is used with (Porter's anchor)
to trip it, when required to be broken out of the ground), and which said
appliance serves my purpose of also suspending the anchor while lying or
hanging over the ship's bows; for after the anchor has been-hove
up to the
water line of the ship, a hook rope is thrown over the bow to fish the shackle
or chain before mentioned, and is hooked thereto, and so easey can the "anchor"
"be turned upside down, being kept in this position until required to let go,
while in this said position it will lye close alongside the ship's bows or bow;
with my swivel collapsing flukes, safely collapsed alongside the anchor shauk
(by the action of their own gravity), the flukes of my construction will conse-
quently become self-adjusting, the chain or cable will be secured, as is the
usual custom in the marine, (viz.) to the top of the anchor shank), and the instant
"my book rope or chain is let go the anchor will turn over and adjust itself for
lowering to hold or retard the vessel's progress by the action of its own-gravity,
A

page_text: and will be brought up upon the cable; and I do so construct a cable ring or
hoop which shall serve a two-fold purpose, (viz.) that of, as before mentioned, of
safely securing the palms of the anchor flukes when in a state of rest, hanging
over the bow of the ship; and to which said ring or hoop I secure or attach my
ship's cable, in order that when the anchor is required to let go, the cable
being secured to this my safety cable ring or hoop, it will have only to be
drawn off the palms of the flukes, which is effected in the following manner,
(viz.): a spare rope or chain is hooked or otherwise fastened to the spare ring,
which is (common to be formed at or in the top parts of the anchor shank); by
this said ring I suspend my anchor until required to let go, when the lashing is
disengaged, and the anchor will fall with force by its own gravity, and its weight
coming on my safety cable ring will instantly slide up the shank towards the
stock, being the best place, as is. practically found, for the anchor cable to
concentrate its pull when biteing the ground, when at desire the anchor can
be weighed and re-adjusted for sailing or under way purpose, thereby preventing
any damage to either occursion in case of collision, and I do so construct my
flukes or fluke with a swivel horn, in use and purpose of utility the (same as
Porter's fluke), but with this advantage: it is practically found that the solid
fixed horn used in Porter's anchor fluke, that the very horn that causes the
anchor to trip, to throw out, to bite the ground, also retards or materialy
impedes by its own obstruction its entry of the ground beyond a certain depth,
as his horn stands at an angle very obtuse with his palm, as is necessary to
throw out the fluke of his form).
of
Thirdly: the third improvement I make consist in constructing this my safety
successive swivel horn to my swivel fluke or flukes, before mentioned and fully
described; that is to say, I form or cause to be formed a horn with a swivel pin
or studs to swivel on, and the same I make with jaws to clip the "fluke," or by
forming a slot in the anchor fluke, or, as some mechanicaly phrase it, a
mortice; in this said slot I insert my said swivel horn, or by cliping the fluke
with a jaw, or by having one or more swivel horney projections on either side
my fluke or flukes acting with a swivel, so that when the anchor is lying on
the ground with its under fluke compressed, the swivel (horn or horns) of my
construction shall, by the action of their own gravity, throw themselves into an
angular position in relation with my said swivel fluke, and thereby cause the
"horn" to bite the ground and raise the body of the anchor or the head of the
anchor from off the ground, to enable the fluke to recover itself and enter the
ground, while my swivel horns or horn are collapseing alongside the fluke, and
therefore can offer no impediment to my swivel fluke entering the ground with
great facility, as the swivel horn of my construction, by the action of its own

page_text: gravity, assumes two different positions (viz.): when the anchor fluke is collapsed
or compressed under the shank lying on the ground, my swivel horn is at an
angle with the fluke; and when the fluke is biting the ground, my swivel horn
then will fall in nearly a parallel line with my fluke, and which will also have
the same effect when my anchor is suspended or hanging over the bows or bow
of the ship or vessel while under way for the ship's safety, and thus prevent
any damage (that now so frequently occurs, by vessels pricking their hull or
the hull of other ships in case of collision, or when riding at anchor in shoaly
water.
Fourthly, I do construct anchor flukes,. and which I do call my improved
anti-horn, parallel riba, concave, angular wedged, double and triple successive
palm anchor fluke, and the manner in which I construct those flukes to be as
follows, that is to say:-When I construct a successive double palm fluke I só
form each arm of the fluke from the centre of the fluke or crown of the fluke
so on outwards to the extent of about two-thirds of the extreme length of each
arm of the fluke of a parallel breadth; then from the two-thirds (or outside
arc's extremity of the parallel part) I form with a compassed sweep or incline
ridge down to the extreme end of the back of the inside are (or common
formed palm of the well-known "Porter's" expired patent fluke), for to give
sufficient strength to the back part of the common palm, and the middle of
the angular wedge of the parallel part; and I so form an incline plane along
cach side of the parallel part of each arm of the fluke of a conical concave
form, from the edge of the wedge upwards, so far as shall be most consistent
with strength; and sometimes I form this fluke with a curve just inside the
outside are extremity, and in resemblance. to a common boat or fish hook, for
the purpose of facilitating the outside are extremity effectively tripping when on
the ground; and I do so form the outside surface of my outside are extremity,
that is to say, the broad part, which I call my successive palm, of a flat and
sometimes of a concave form on the back of the outside are extremity or
palm, in order that the anchor shall be less liable to list or cant when the
anchor lye prostrate on the stock, and my successive palm or broad surface of
the outside arcs extremity (on the bed of waters); thus it will be seen that a
firm and effective action is thus given by my successive palm or palins to the
swivel fluke; and I do also construct my triple successive palmed flukes or
fluke upon the same principle of succession (viz.), I do form the triple palms
as follows: In order that in large anchors, where the weight of the shank is
very great, I apply a third palm or rib, and which has the effect to assist the
fluke to recover itself from out of the prostrate position into which it has been
thrown, and which said third palm or rib.projection will also be in a line parallel

page_text: with the inside arc) only, formed at an equal distance between the extremity
(of the old formed palm of Porter's expired patent swivel fluke and the centre
or swivel pin of his construction); thus, from the centre of the fluke to the
extreme end of the fluke arms I divide into three equal parts, or nearly,
so far as is practically necessary, and the extremities of each of the three
parallel arcs being formed as similar to the double successive palmed fluke as
possible, just previously described, only with this difference; that is to say, the
middle of the deep part of my wedge fluke will consist of two conical concave
wedges or parts instead of one, as I have to construct a third rib along the.
centre of my successive palm tripartite fluke; and I do also form the outside
parallel are rib of a conical form of construction from the crown of the fluke
outwards to the most broad part of the outside arc" extremity, and which will
consequently give much more effective holding power and strength to my
successive palm anchor fluke when in the instance of the anchor entering
loose or soft broken ground, by reason of the greater breadth of the outside
are rib in comparison with the inside arc" rib, and will present to view, when
looking at the inside of the fluke arm, two vast holding powers; and to effect
the construction of this said broad conical outside arc rib, I do displace so
much metal from the middle, or two-thirds of the fluke arms, as is necessary
to obtain this effect, without increase of weight in this said anchor; thus it may
be said of my successive palmd anchors, that they do scientifically consist of
two or three wedges, placed or formed at right angles, with a wedge existing
between each of them; thus, my fluke arm consists of three or sometimes four
successive wedges, and I wish this action of my improved double and triple
successive palm flukes to be clearly understood, that they do receive and give
effective action in the following manner, that is to say:-Supposing the anchor
shall have been lowered and have fallen on the ground, with the under fluke
compressed towards the shank, and the ship is dragging the anchor along the
ground, action then ensues (viz.), firstly, by my successive palm of the outside
are extremity coming in contact with the ground, and tripping the fluke on
to the second successive palm, and so on in like manner to the third successive
palm, which will throw the upper arm of the fluke on to the shank' (as in the
instance of "Porter's" expired compound lever anchor). The anchor fluke will
now have been thrown in a proper position for entering of the ground, and con-
sequently the palm of the inside are will enter first, and by the action of force
generated by the pull of the ship the successive palms or broad parts of my
fluke arm will follow into the ground in uniform succession, and my successive
palms will give effective strength and holding to the ship's safety; and that will
at once become apparent to men of science, and will thereby become a great

page_text: public utility, by reason of my swivel successive palm wedge fluke anchor,
whereby I obtain much greater effective strength and utility with comparatively
'less metal (than can be obtained on the well-known principle of Porter's
expired patent swivel compound lever anchor, and which said "Porter's" swivel
anchor, was proved at the Admiralty test of anchors of all nations, in the
year 1852, to be unquestionably the best extant of that day), and only upon
which said plan or principle of my successive palm fluke can ever become of
any public utility, and which said principle of succession of palms I shall
hereafter fully protect in my clains. And,
Fifthly, I do construct swivel anchor flukes without my successive palms
under certain circumstance, that is to say, were cost or purpose of use shall
be a consideration, as by this construction the fluke can be manufactured much
cheaper, as it takes less time to make, and will answer the purpose and use of
small craft, or vessels, or ships. In lieu of my aforesaid successive palm fluke,
I do construct in the manner as follows a swivel fluke, and which I call my
swivel, anti-horn, parallel ribd, conical, angular, successive wedge, single palm
fluke or flukes arm, and which I simply construct by forming the inside of the
fluke the same as those just described (of "Porter's" expired patent fluke), with
this my said improvement; that is to say, firstly, I so construct my fluke armi
with a regular incline from the back part of the fluke arm or inside are palmı,
so on upwards to the extremity of the outside arc, and which outside arc (like
that of my successive palm fluke previously described) consists of having the
outside are struck in a parallel line (that is to, say, with so much accuracy as
the case may require) with the inside arc of the fluke, and from the edge of
this incline I do so form a plain conical wedge at such 'régular or irregular
'incline, as the case may require, upwards towards the anchor swivel pin or
*centre of the fluke, at such distance ás I think consistent with strength; and
sometimes I do form this kind of fluke with an increase of 'substance from the
inside arc' extremity upwards to the outside arc of my parallel fluke, and so on,
to the end of my outside are extremity, and which I call a conical wedge; the
extremity of this right angle wedge I do form in this fluke of a square-cut
form, similar to a common pick-axe, -and-I-do-give-the-under or inside part of
this outside arc extremity (the same form as my parallel successive palm fluke),
viz., a small curve in resemblance to a (fish or boat hook) just sufficient to
cause the anchor to bite the ground more effectively, and this aforesaid outside
arc is in fact in science a back square-cut end broad conical wedge, at right
angles with a centre deep conical flat surface incline wedge, and which said
middle or centre deep conical-incline wedge I construct from the inside arc³
extremity with a back-ridge along the back of the inside palm, extending its

page_text: course upwards to the inside curve of the outside are extremity, and so on,
upwards, giving the edge of this deep wedge so much substance of metal as is
consistent with the sise of the anchor, continuing this deep wedge of a conical
flat surface construction onwards up the arm to the centre of the crown or
swivel pin of the fluke; and in order to give sufficient strength to the outside
are extremity or broad square-cut right angle part, I so form with a bold
round corner upwards along the middle conical flat wedge to the very end of
the broad ribd part shall have coned into one flat conical surface, and the same
bold round corner I give to the back of the inside arcs (common formed palm,
continuing the same upwards unto the end of the inside are palm or inside
are rib shall have coned into the deep conical wedge part of the fluke arm of
the inside arc; and sometimes I so form the extreme end of my outside arc*
broad conical ribd part of this aforesaid fluke arm of a V form or of a similar
form to any of the common form of anchor fluke arm palms that is now in use,
were that form shall be by the (public) preferable. to- my previously described
right angle square-cut end of my outside parallel arc rib, and which said
flukes, I do sometimes form with three ribs or a centre rib, having at the centre
rib extremity a middle parallel prominent part or wedge following in succession;
thus it will at once be seen by scientific men-that this class of anchor fluke is in
point of fact the same as that of my construction just previously described 'in the
description of my-improved parallel double and triple successive palmd flukes,
with merely this difference; that is to say, this formed (fluke consists of one
palm and one wedge or one palm and two wedges at right angles with a deep
flat surface conical wedge, and which I call my anti-horn parallel double and
triple successive wedged swivel fluke or flukes), and which are in use and
purpose the same as my successive palm fluke, (viz.,) to effectively trip the
fluke; and by the action of succession my outside arc successive extremity will
also enter the ground, and which in use and purpose (by far supersedes the
swivel anchor fluke with its obstructive horn of the far-famed "Porter's" anchor
expired Patent), as it more readily enters the ground and gives much greater
strength with less inetal; and the whole and the several plans of my con-
structed flukes I do apply to the anchor shank of ("Porter's" expired Patent),
either with or without my improved arch or arc centre joint, for to effect a col-
lapse of the flukes, and I do also apply these flukes to shanks of my construction.
Sixthly, I do so construct safety stops to the arms of my arch-joint swivel
collapseing. flukes; that is to say, I form on the crown of each of my fluke
arms at that part where my arch-joint is formed a suitable purchase stop peice
of an incline form; with the arm of the fluke on the back of the stop, in order
to give additional strength to each jointed arm, and are so arranged that the

page_text: safety stop of each arm shall, when weight or strain is brought to bare upon
the fluke, become thrown into direct contact, when in this position, stop to stop,
they shall render so much assistance as to firmly resist any amount of strain
that can ever be brought to bear upon this part of my arch or arc jointed col-
lapsing swivel flukes, and thereby render my collapscing flukes equal in point
of strength (to the celebrated "Porter's" solid swivel fluke, which was proved
the best extant of that day, of the Admiralty trial of anchors of all nations,
in the year 1852), thereby rendering my arch and stop joint swivel flukes
capable of conveyance of the strain brought to bear against the under fluke, or
(more plainly, that fluke which has entered the ground, for the ship's preserva-
tion while riding at anchor), and thereby give effect to the upper fluke, by
transmitting a certain portion of the strain from the lower fluke, and so on, to
the anchor shank, upon the principle of compound leverage, as is proved to be
the case in the instance of ("Porter's" anchor); and I wish it to be understood
that the whole or either of my said improved flukes I do severally or collec-
tively apply to anchor shanks of ("Porter's" expired patent construction), and I
do also apply those flukes of my construction to anchor shanks of my con-
⚫struction.
-
Seventhly, I do so construct anchor shanks various, that is to say, I construct
a anchor shank as to render the anchor shank much safer and much stronger
with the same weight of metal or material, and which I construct for the
express purpose of receeveing the swivel flukes of my previously described con-
struction; and the manner in which I effect this I declare to be as follows,
(viz.) I so construct what I call my safety solid crown head of the flukes slot
or jaw of the anchor shank, and I wish it to be particularly understood that I
construct this safety fluke slot or jaw of my anchor shank (in which said slot
or jaw the anchor swivel fluke of my construction or of that of any other con-
struction that I may conditionally hereafter apply) as the circumstance may
require, as follows:-Firstly, I take a long bar of iron. of any desired form to
-best-suit the purpose, as I use various formed bar iron, and I will herewith
therefore fully describe and commence with the flat broad-bar-iron, and-having
formed a suitable bar of iron or metal of twice the length of the required
anchor shank, allowing sufficient extra metal for to form a curved bend of the
solid head of the jaws or slot (which has to receive the fluke or flukes therein),
I cause the bar of iron to be bent in or at the centre of the length of the bar,
and so bring round each half of the bar, so as to form the necessary width of
the slot or jaw for the fluke to swivel in; and I place or form within the head
or crown of this slot a suitable curved piece of metal or material, to form a
comfortable bed or chock for the anchor flukes crown head to act against when

page_text: strain is applied to either of the fluke arms; and I do construct the head or crown
of the centre of my swivel flukes or fluke with a suitable curve or section of a
circle around the centre of the crown of the outside arc of my fluke, in order
that when action is given to my fluke, the flukes shall swivel on the (common
swivel pin of Porter's well-known construction of his expired Patent), with this
my advantage, (viz.) the fluke being swiveled on this said pin, it will turn also
as far as is necessary on the crown of the fluke, by reason of the crown of the
fluke fitting the recess formed in the inside of the crown of the anchor shank,
and against which said crown of the inside part of my anchor shank I cause
the fluke to take a purchase against when in the ground, for the better holding
of this my said anchor shank, which affords a two-fold security to my compound
lever anchor, and also to the swivel pin, as the swivel pin by this means is in
a measure relieved of strain, and my fluke on this principle would act in
perfect safety to the ship when riding without the swivel pin of (Porter's con-
struction); but in order to ensure perfect and effective safety, I employ both his
swivel pin and my safety solid socket head bearing; and in the instance of the
construction of large anchors I do form an extra safety stud, formed on each
side of the surface of the flukes flat or deep part, in the same direction as the
common swivel pin hole is formed, or otherwise. I do also form a second pin
hole in the fluke in a centre line with the swivel pin hole, only at a nearer_
approach to the inside are of the fluke, at such equal distance as is best to
obtain the greatest strength; and I construct or form in my anchor shank a
suitable curved slot, of such a sise as is necessary to receive the safety
strengthening studs or pin bolt of the fluke, to receive sufficient oscillation
therein as is necessary to bring the upper arm of the fluke down upon the
shank of the anchor to receive that portion of the compound leverage strain
that shall be allotted for it to receive; thus it will be seen that in the principle
of this said anchor shank their exists a triple uniform division of the strain, so
far as is consistent with the strength of the three or four several parts of the
shank, on to which the strain is conveyed by the action of compound leverage
of the force generated by the holding on of the under or ground fluke; and I
do construct this shank of one bar of iron or metal, in order to obtain the
straight grain of the iron all the way around the crown of the jaws or slot in
which the fluke swivels; thus it will be seen by men of science that the anchor
fluke must (to liberate itself) actually draw out the straight grain metal of the
shank of which my solid crown swivel slot head is constructed: and the other
parts of the shank I construct as follows (viz.):-At such suitable distance
as the length of my upper arm or fluke requires I form a rest, either by closing
the two parts of the upper extremities of my single bar iron shank together,
.

page_text: and which I do either by welding or by any other means effective, such as
riviting, or by bolts, or any common fastening, to suit the required purpose, so
as to render the two closed parts of my single bar shanks extremities suffi-
ciently strong to resist effectively that portion of the strain thrown on by the
(pea) or palm of the inside are extremity taking a purchase or rest thereon;
and from this closed part onwards to that part in which is inserted the fluke ör
flukes I form a sufficiently large aperture for to pass the fluke into the jaws or
slot formed for its reception, to take action as before described (and the upper
end or part of this shank I sometimes form in the common way to receive the
ordinary shackles and anchor stock, (and I do also form the main shank of
this anchor in the following manner, that is to say:-
Eighthly, I do so construct my single bar iron shank as follows (viz.):―I
construct the jaws or slot and slot head and swivel pin hole and curved
oscillating guide slot the same as that just described in my (seventh con-
struction), and sometimes I construct the other parts of this single bar iron
shank as follows; that is to say, I do form from the swivel jaws, or part where
the fluke is inserted onwards toward that part where the stock is applied to
the distance, or a little beyond that part of the shank where the anchor fluke
comes down upon when biting the ground, in order to relieve the strain of the
upper arm or fluke, (which generally breaks upon test, in Porter's expired
patent swivel anchor,) and to afford a more snug berth for the upper arm (or
pea of the fluke) to rest in and on, and to likewise to prevent any obstructive
projection appearing above the surface of the anchor shank when the anchor
fluke shall have entered the ground, whereby I effect a great safety to ships
or vessels while riding at anchor in a roadstead or in rivers, by effectively
preventing any other craft, vessel, or ship fouling their anchors, or fouling their
own anchor, and which said anchor will resemble a anchor with only one arm
when in the ground, and which said advantage I effect in the following manner,
(viz.) I effect the construction or this safety shank by simply leaveing open the
slot formed by the bending of the single bar iron shank, just described, so far as
is necessary to receive the upper fluke arm within that slot, and by so forming
a suitable-rest-piece-for-the-under inside arc of the upper fluke to come down
and rest upon. to transmit pressure to the shank. and which I place or form
between the two parts of the shank at such position and place which shall be
practically found best; and so, consequently by reason of the anchor fluke
passing into this slot between the sides of the shank, their will be scarcely any
part of my upper arm successive palms or wedges visible, they having. snugly
stowed themselves inside the shank, and when the anchor is triped and thrown
over, under side up, with the fluke of the under side conipressed against the

page_text: shank of the anchor, it will, by the action of its own gravity, throw itself out on
the ground, and by the action of my successive palms or wedges will effectively
enter the ground; and the other part of this shank I sometimes form the
same as my seventh improved construction, and sometimes I do so form this
single bar iron shank solid slot head with the swivel slot open all the way up;
from the flukes rest piece onwards to the anchor stock. I will, however,
observe, that in the construction of this said single bar iron shank solid jaw
or slot crown head, that in order to remove the fluke it is necessary to con-
struct the flukes middle rest piece moveable, and that in order to adjust the
fluke and also the upper shackle and stock, in which said instance the shank
slot can be formed parallel with the jaws or swivel part of the fluke solid slot
head, and thus the anchor fluke can be adjusted or disengaged when formed
in the solid at the swivel pin, and thereby rendered portable); and in lieu of
constructing those shanks of a single deep flat bar of iron, I sometimes
construct those shanks of a single bar of convex iron, and sometimes of a single
bar of concave iron or metal, (in order to obtain the most strength with the
same weight of metal, and which I can only ascertain by trial of test.)
Ninthly, I do so construct a swivel wedge to act in concert with my anchor
solid slot head shank, and this class of anchor I call or name my safety swivel
double action wedged anchor, and this wedge is intended to answer the use
and purpose of the swivel fluke or flukes of my construction, previously given;
and the manner in which I do effect this I declare to be as follows (viz.) :-I so
form a piece of iron or other metal or metals, either cast or wrought, (and of
the form of shape of a common shipwright's wedge,) but I do so form the
upper part or head of this wedge in the following. manner :-In the head of
this wedge I form'a hole for a swivel pin to pass through, or I sometimes form,
in lieu of a hole, two solid projecting studs for the wedge to swivel on, and
this wedge I place or insert in the jaws or slot in the shank, (in lieu of the
fluke), and I give this wedge enough room in the slot as is necessary for this
said wedge to pass through the slot in the shank, and thereby enable the
wedge to act on both sides of the shank by the action of gravity when the
anchor shank is on the ground; and I do form a stop to the front and back of
the wedge, so that in reversing itself this said stop shall come in contact with
the solid crown or slot head of my shank alternately to take pressure against,
and this said stop is formed at such suitable angle necessary to bring or throw
my wedge into the necessary angle required to effectively enter the ground
(in like manner to the ordinary fluke), and thus it will be seen that the whole
of the pulling or holding strain in this my double action swivel wedge anchor
is distributed between the swivel pin and the crown head of my anchor shank

page_text: and my safety angular self-adjusting stop; and sometimes I form the cutting
edge of this wedge of a square or of an angular form, and sometimes of a
common fluke palm form, as may be found best to enter the ground; and to
effectively cause this said wedge to trip out from its slot, I apply a swivel horn
or horns to my swivel wedge in the following manner, that is to say:-
Tenthly, I do so construct what I call my safety double action swivel
successive wedges or (horns,) (viz.) by forming a slot in the wedge of a
sufficient sise to admit the swivel horn to pass freely through, in order
that this swivel horn shall act on either side of the wedge, and cause the
wedge to trip and enter the ground; and sometimes I apply two swivel horns
in one slot, and one of the horns or wedges shorter than the other, to more
effectively cause the wedge to trip, by reason of the shorter swivel horn falling
into a different angle, and will consequently trip against the ground first, and
will give effect to the longer swivel horn, and the longest swivel horn will trip
the holding wedge, and effectively give action to the anchor; and when this
said double action safety swivel wedge anchor is required over the ships bows
ready for use, I apply a safety travellers truss, ring, or hoop, which I slide over
the shank and wedge, and the manner I apply this safety traveller ring is as
follows: I pass the ring over the stock end of the shank, and secure to this
ring a chain or rope, which I secure to the cable, then by giving sufficient
slack to the cable the traveller ring will slide down the shank by the action of
gravity, and encompass the swivel wedge for safety while under way, (sus-
pending the anchor by the cable ring and a temporary lashing or hook rope
ready to let go; when having let go, the anchor falling will bring taught the
cable, and will consequently draw up the safety ring to the stock, and will
liberate the holding swivel wedge ready for every purpose for which anchors
are applied); thus, the scientific principle of this anchor consists of two or
three or more successive swivel wedges, acting in uniform succession on either
side of the shank at right angles with the stock, and those swivel wedges receive
or take action successively by thier own gravity and friction on the ground.
Eleventhly, I construct a safety support guide to my safety swivel holding
wedge as follows:-At about one-third the distance between the crown and
extremity of the holding wedge, I form at each side of the wedge a suitable
guide stud, which I cause to travel in a suitable guide slot which I form in
the shank of the anchor; and sometimes in lieu of the studs I form a hole to
receive a pin bolt, to answer the same useful purpose; and sometimes I form a
connecting guide support rod, acting on each side of the (holding wedge), and
working in a slot formed in the upper part of the shank by a guide pin, in
order to convey strain to that part; and the holding strain of the anchor is

page_text: listributed into six parts, (viz.), firstly, (the holding strain, generated by the pull
of the ships cable) is received on. the swivel wedge in the ground, the second
part is transmitted to the safety stop, and the third portion to the solid crown
head of the shank, and the fourth portion to the swivel pin, the fifth portion
to the support guide and studs or pin bolt, and the sixth portion to the shank
body; thus it will be seen that the proportions of this anchor are both herculean
and scientific.
Twelfthly, my improvements consist of certain improved means of construc-
tion and manufacture of anchor stocks, or the upper right angle arms of the
anchor, and which I declare to be as follows, (viz):-I do construct what I call
or name my collapseing stock arms, and which said collapse I effect in the fol-
lowing manner, that is to say, (viz') I form a arch or are joint at the centre
of the extreme length of the arms or stocks, similar in construction to a
mechanic's arch-joint rule, and I apply to each of those arms a safety stop, in
order that when the arms are extended for to receive the pulling strain of the
cable, that my safety stops shall come in direct contact, stop to stop, and thereby
render sufficient strength to my arch joint for the effective resistance of any
strain that can ever be brought to bare upon the anchor; and the manner in
which I apply my collapseing arms stock I declare to be as follows (viz.):―
Thirteenthly, I do so construct and apply to each of my collapscing arms my
union shackle, and which said shackles I apply to each arm of the stock at
that distance from the centre of the arch joint of whatever the length of the
shackle may consist (or a little more or less), and I do form on each arm of
the stock lugs, suitable for the shackle to swivel in, by means of a pin bolt,
which I pass through the shackle and lug or boss, formed on the upper side of
the arms of each of the stock arms, and I so construct those lugs or bosses
and swivel pin in order that (the shackles which are of common form as now
in use in the marine) when the cable is applied, the swivel shackles shall
nearly meet each other, and they shall assume an angular position in relation
to each other; and to effect the safely contraction of those swivel shackles, and
consequent extension of the stock arms, which is most essential for to cause
the anchor to enter the ground for the ships safety, I construct the following
means, that is to say:
"
Fourteenthly," I do so construct my cable end with what I call my safety
throttle ring, and the use and purpose of my aforesaid throttle ring is to
effectively give or cause contractile action of the aforesaid two holding swivel
shackles, whereby I effectively prevent any collapse of the stock arms when
the anchor is let go from the ship, for the purpose of safely holding or
retarding the ships way, (and for the more effectual, easy, and readily adjusting

page_text: J
of the anchor stock arms when the anchor is required over the bow of
the ship or vessel to let go for under-way purposes, and which I effect
by passing the cable through each of the swivel shackles (viz.), (the shackle
which I apply to each arm of the stock, and the shackle I apply to
the shank of the anchor, for the purpose of suspending the anchor by when
hanging over the bow of the ship while under way, which in all makes three
shackles), and having done this, I pass the end of the cable through my afore
said safety throttle ring (which is secured to the end of the cable), and having
done this, I keep the end or part of the cable on board the ship in the usual
manner as is now the custom. in the. marine to do); and I next place-my
anchor, over the bow of the ship in readiness to let go, suspending. the anchor
by a running or hook rope or chain attached to the centre shackle, that is to
say, the shackle which I construct in the anchor shank; and having got the
weight of the anchor upon this aforesaid shackle, (I, then slack the cable,
which will pass freely through the safety throttle ring, and so give action to
the safety adjusting shackle of each joint arm of the anchor stock, by reason of
the two safety arm shackles, liberation from the grip of my safety throttle ring,
when instant collapse of the anchor stock arms. will take place by the action
of their own gravity, and lye close alongside the anchor shank for under-way
purpose; and when required to bring the ship to anchor, all that is required is
simply thus: I let go one end of the suspending lashing, and keeping the other
end on board, the anchor, by its own weight or gravity, will fall with force
upon the cable, and the safety throttle ring will be tightly drawn down to the
shackles, having effective holding power given by the weight of the anchor, as
to effectively prevent any collapse of the arms taking place after the anchor
has been let go, or when in contact with the ground, for the ships safety.
Fifteenthly, I do so construct a anchor stock solid jaw or slot head for the
reception of my anchor stock to take action therein, that is to say, I do so
form a slot in the following manner (viz.)-I take a bar of flat, convex, or
concave iron, and bend this said bar in the centre of the required length
of the bar, and having done this I proceed to form a right angle part with the
solid jaws or slot head, sufficient to weld or otherwise secure either_fixed
therein or made portable by the temporary security of rivets or bolts within
the shank, or the shank within the solid stock head extremities (visa versa),
either fitted to the shank of my construction or
other construction.;
and the slot of this solid head I construct at a right angle with the fluke and
main body of the shank, in order that the arch joint of my collapseing stock
arms may act therein, and which I secure in my solid slot head by the pin
bolt of the arch joint, which I also secure the suspending swivel shackle with;
of any

page_text: therefore it will be seen that I cause this aforesaid arch joint pin bolt to serve
three several purposes (viz.), (that of securing the arch joint and the suspend-
ing shackle, and of secureing the arch joint stock in the solid slot head; and
which aforesaid pin bolt I pass through the shackle and slot and stock when
they are all fitted together), and having applied. my stock arms safety union
double shackles and my cable safety throttle ring, my improved self-adjusting
arch joint anchor stock is now complete; and this kind of stock will only be
required in cases of employing fixed anchor flukes (in lieu of my improved
collapseing flukes); and sometimes I apply to my arch joint stock arms (viz.),
in lieu of constructing each. arm of the stock out of the solid iron; or metal
throughout the arm, I sometimes construct the anchor stock arms as follows,
-that is to say:
f
Sixteenthly, I do so construct the stock arms very short from the arch
joint or centre of the stock (viz.), just long enough to receive and effectively
hold thereon my improved conical substance and parallel bore oval tubular
. arm. stocks, and the manner in which I construct and manufacture my
improved anchor stock arms to be as follows (viz.)-I do first obtain a sheet
or bar of rolled or drawn or fagotted or otherwise formed conical substance
iron, of the necessary length and breadth, and then cause the same to be either
whelded, rivited, or otherwise closed or shut, in such manner as shall form,
as near as practically necessary, a parallel bore throughout the tube, which
will then have formed the outside of the tube of a conical shape and sub-
stance, and that difference of substance may consist of about three times the
thickness at the inner or shank end to that of the outer, or extreme end, so
5 that: the difference of substance will be about 3 to 1, in order to obtain the
greatest strength at the root of the stock arm, where the strain in pulling in
contact with the ground is. received, and having formed this aforesaid conical
substance parallel bore oval tube, and sometimes I shall cause this plain tube
to be drawn unto the required shape and substance by machinery, in like
manner to the gas or water tubes are made); and having obtained a tube of
the required form. I proceed to form a hoop, that is to say :-
Seventeenthly, I do so construct my safety union sling hoops and swivel
shackle, and the manner in which this said hoop is formed, I declare to be as
follows-I cause a hoop to be formed with a lug or boss, on the top part of
5 the hoop, of sufficient strength to effectively resist, the pulling strain of the
cable, which is secured and connected by means of a' (common formed shackle
and pin) to the boss or lug of this aforesaid sling hoop, and which I construct
- sometimes with two .lugs or bosses to each sling hoop; I so arrange those
lugs in order that a pin.bolt may be passed through each of the aforesaid lugs

page_text: or bosses of each sling hoop to connect the sling hoops together, and so
consequently the stock arms to which those sling hoops are applied to my
solid or tubular arm stocks; but I do sometimes form this aforesaid safety
union sling hoop with one lug or boss (in lieu of two), and this said sling
hoop I pass over the conical tubular arm stock, which also serves the purpose:
of a binding hoop .to the tube at the largest end; and to the boss or lug of
this aforesaid safety sling hoop I apply my safety union shackles, one of which
I apply to each tubular arm stock, which forms the connection of the anchor
and the cable, and which I call my safety union sling hoop and union swivel
shackles; (and by the combined action of my safety union sling hoop and
union swivel shackles, and my safety cable throttle ring, I effectively achieve
that security to my safety self-adjusting anchor stocks, (either when con-
structed on the principle of my arch joint collapseing arms stock, or on my
improved reversible self-adjusting principle of arm stocks, as I sometimes do
so construct anchor stocks, that is to say:-
Eighthteenthly, I do so construct my arm stocks on an improved safety,
reversible, self-adjusting principle, and which aforesaid improvement, consists
in the application of my aforesaid safety sling hoops and 'union swivel
shackles and safety throttle ring, the same as those applied to my safety arch-
joint collapseing stock arms, and which take effect and give action precisely.
in the aforesaid manner (fully described in my fourteenth description), and
the principle difference in the action of my improved reversible self-adjusting
anchor stock to that of my construction just previously described consists as
follows (viz.) To effect a reversible action of the stock and arms, I employ
in lieu (of my arch-joint arms and solid slot head of my shank) a round
head (to shanks of any of my previously described construction) from the
extreme end of the stock end of the shank, which is left or formed round, so.
as to admit of a stock nut to travel up and down the shank, so as to adjust
the stock when the anchor is over the bow of the ship, on which said round
part their are studs or guides for the nut to travel up and down the shank, so
as to turn a quarter of a circle, as necessary, to bring the stock of the anchor
in a line parallel with its fluke when not employed-in-the ground, and when
employed the reverse way to the fluke, the detail parts of stock nut, cap, and
arms are as follows:-A cast or wrought metal box or nut, which has one,
two, or more diagonal or curvilinear slots or grooves cut or cast in its cylin--
der, which if cast will be placed secure within, the cylinder being wrought
iron; on its outer extremities are formed arms, which are to receive my
improved conical substance and parallel bore oval tubular arms stocks, and
my safety sling hoops and union swivel shackles and safety cable throttle

page_text: ring, the same as those applied to my safety arch joint collapseing stock arms,
and which aforesaid improvement consists in effectively preventing any recoil
of the anchor stock after the stock has been adjusted by the action of its own
gravity, for the purpose of giving effect to the anchor to enter the ground),
which aforesaid reversible stock otherwise would recoil without this my
improved safety effective arrangement (when the anchor stock came in contact
with the ground, by the force of the anchor tripping), and thereby cause the
stock to recoil from the required position necessary to give or cause effect of
the fluke to enter the ground); and in order that double security if necessary
against this recoil shall be provided, I form in the round adjustiable part of the
shank, that is to say:-
Nineteenthly, I do so construct in the round part of the shank a suitable
slot, in which said slot I construct one or two safety swivel catch lock bolts,
which I so form of an incline shape on the back part of the swivel catch, and
by suspending this swivel catch lock bolt by a swivel pin in the slot, a square
part of the bolt is always prominent by the action of its own gravity; and
when the stock nut shall come in contact with this swivel lock catch, it will
press inwards, and allow the stock nut to pass it, and will deny the possibility
of the stocks return, and which I call my anchor stock safety swivel safety
self-adjusting lock bolt or bolts; and sometimes I form the outer or lesser
ends of my solid or tubular arm stocks with three angular tripping studs, that
is to say:
Twentytiethly, I do sometimes construct the ends of my stocks with what
I call my improved anchor arm stock tripping triangular studs, and which
I construct as follows (viz.)-I construct triangular peces of iron, that
is to say, one peice or part shall be at right angles with the other two
parts, similar to the T square, and those triangular parts shall consist
of solid or tubular iron or metal, cast or wrought, and which I form with
a fag end, to fit in the tubular arm stock; or otherwise I form the right
angle part with a suitablo hoop to fit over the end of my conical tube, and in
which said instance it will also serve for a binding hoop to the end of the
tube; and sometimes I form this triangle by spliting and spreading out the
end of the solid arm stock, and on the three several parts I sometimes fix or
form a nob of any form, in order that when the anchor stock end shall come
in contact with the ground, they will be less liable to enter soft or loose
ground, and the principle on which my said triangular tripping studs act is
as follows (vz.)-Suppose the anchor shall have fallen on the most prominent
stud, which will stand in a straight line with my stock arm, the anchor will
instantly cant or list over into the usual required position for the anchor to

page_text: enter the ground; when in this position my triangular studs will take effect, by
keeping the anchor from oscillation while first biting the ground, and there-
fore will give more immediate and effective action to the anchor, so essentially
necessary to vessels or ships when drifting on a lee shore or in any time of
peril:
And having fully. described the detail of my Invention (minutely, in
order to avoid any litigation), I wish it to be particularly understood that I
do not confine myself to the use of any particular kind of material or metal
in the manufacture of any of my Inventions, as their may be parts formed
either in mallable, cast, or wrought metal, as the case may be; neither
do I confine myself to the precise proportions of any of my projections);
therefore I wish it to be particularly understood that the principle of the
several parts of my aforesaid Invention is what I confine myself' to), ind.I
shall now proceed to state my claims.
Firstly, I do claim the principle of my safety construction of the -anchor
fluke or flukes, with a arch or arc joint at the centre of the fluke or flukes,
for the purpose of effecting a collapse of the fluke or flukes, and as given in
detail of description, with all mere modification which essentially.combine
or possess the same principle my aforesaid collapseing flukes (whereby I
effectively assure shipping against accident, which were of frequent. occursion
by the pricking of their hull with their anchor fluke).
Secondly, I do claim the principle of my construction of and application of
what I call my safety self-adjusting traveller ring or hoop, for the use and
purpose of trussing and securing the flukes in a safety position; and the
method of connecting this my aforesaid safety self-adjusting traveller ring.or
hoop to the anchor cable, whereby I so liberate the fluke or flukes, and cause
the aforesaid ring or hoop to travel up the anchor shank towards the stock
head by the action of force generated by the action of gravity of the anchor
in the fall, when the temporary suspending lashing is let go, and as previously.
described in the detail of that part of my second projection of my improvements
in the construction of anchors, with all mere modification what essentially
combine. or possess the-same-principles-of-my-aforesaid-safety-self-adjusting
traveller ring or hoop.
Thirdly, I do claim the principle of my construction of and the application
of my safety self-adjusting successive swivel horns or horn to my aforesaid arch
or arc joint or swivel fluke or flukes of my construction, whereby they shall,
take or give action on the aforesaid principle of succession; that is to say, when
the safety successive swivel horns shall, by the action of gravity, fall from, out
of a collapse position, and thereby come into contact with the ground, when

page_text: by friction or force generated by the ship draging the anchor, this aforesaid
safety swivel horn or horns shall be so made available to throw out the
under fluke from the compressed position into which it shall have fallen on
the ground, and thereby give free action to the anchor fluke to enter the
ground; and on the recovery of the fluke from the aforesaid compressed
position, my aforesaid safety successive swivel horn or horns shall collapse, by
the action or gravity, into a slot or recess so formed in the fluke to receive the
same, thereby greatly facilitate the swivel fluke in entering the ground, and
as previously given in my description in detail, with all mere modification
which combine essentially the same principles of my aforesaid safety self-
adjusting successive swivel horn or horns).
Fourthly, I do claim the principle of my construction and the application
of what I call my improved swivel, anti-horn, parallel riba, concave, angular
wedged, double and triple successive palmd anchor flukes or fluke, that is
to say, whereby the aforesaid successive palms angular concave wedge shall.
take or give action on the aforesaid principles of succession, that is to say,
as follows (viz.):-That the inside common palm of the inside arc of the
swivel anchor fluke shall, by the action of force generated by the draging or
pulling of the ship, be caused to enter the ground first, and which will then
give immediate action to my angular wedge (of my aforesaid construction),
which will or shall take effect thus, (viz.), by reason of the aforesaid angular
wedge being at a right angle with the palm of the inside and outside arcs rib,
and which aforesaid angular wedge forms a support, stretcher, and connection.
between the inside and outside arcs of the fluke, and this aforesaid angular
right angle wedge extending along the back of the inside are palm upwards
to the outside are palm, and therefore looking sidewise at the anchor, this
fluke will show a lateral incline, and which I call my angular wedge; and the
use and effect of this aforesaid angular wedge is to strengthen the back of
the palm of the inside arc, and to more effectively cause the fluke to enter the
ground, which by reason of the point of this aforesaid angular wedge entering
the ground first, and the cutting part or edge of the angular wedge will
consequently follow, and cut and force open the ground with great facility,
and therefore give more immediate action to the inside palm and to my
successive palm or palms of the middle or outside arc³ rib to enter the ground
in due time of succession, to more effectively bare part in the required holding,
and which aforesaid principle of succession of palms is so made available for
the purpose of tripping the the anchor fluke in likewise succession, and as more
fully given in detail of my fourth description of my improvements in the
construction of anchors, with all mere modification which combine or possess
D

page_text: tho same essential principles of my aforesaid improved swivel, anti-horn,
parallel rib, angular wedge, concave, double and triple successive palms or
palm anchor fluke or flukes.
Fifthly, I do claim the principle of my construction and application of what
I call my improved swivel, anti-horn, parallel rib", conical, angular, successive
wedge, single palm fluke or flukes, and the principle of the action of this
aforesaid swivel fluke is precisely the same as that given in my fourth de-
scription of my aforesaid improvements, (viz.) of succession only, with (this
difference of construction of form, that is to say, in lieu of applying a suc-
cessive palms) I construct this aforesaid fluke or flukes without those successive
palms, causeing the fluke to be formed of a plain conical angular form
outwards, from the centre or swivel pin to the extremity of the inside are rib
or back of the palm of the inside arc, from thence continuing the angular
conical wedge upwards unto the outside are extremity, and when (looking
. sidewise at the anchor, this fluke will show a lateral incline, and which I call
my angular wedge); and sometimes I construct in form the outside are rib
extremity of a much broader width than the inside arc of the fluke, and I
construct the form of the extremity of the aforesaid outside are surface a little
concave and of a square-cut finish, and of a conical form of construction from
the extremity upwards, towards the centre of the fluke, and as more fully given
in detail of my fifth description of my improvements, with all mere modification
which combine or possess the same essential principles of my aforesaid swivel,
anti-horn, parallel rib", conical, angular, successive wedged, single palm fluke
or flukes.
Sixthly, I do claim the principle of my construction and application of what
I call my safety collapseing fluke purchase stops, and which essential advantage.
consist in forming a safety fluke stop to each holding arm of the anchor, and
which is so formed on the crown of the fluke, that in order when the aforesaid
collapseing flukes shall become extended, to take effective holding on the
ground), those safety stops shall come in contact stop to stop, and thereby give
efficient strength to the arch joint of the collapseing flukes, to transmit (that
portion of strain brought to bear against the under-ground holding fluke, as is
proved to be the case in the instance of the celebrated expired Patent of
Porter's compound lever swivel fluke anchor), the strain generated by the
holding on of the under fluke to the upper fluke, and so onwards, to the anchor
shank; and the said safety stops are so made available as to form a firm effective
bearing for the aforesaid collapse fluke to take pressure against the solid jaw
or slot head of a.anchor shank that I construct to act in concert with those
aforesaid collapseing flukes, and as more fully given in detail of my sixth.

page_text: description of my improvements, with all mere modification which combine or
possess the same essential principles of my aforesaid safety collapseing fluke
purchase stops.
Seventhly, I do claim the principle of construction and manufacture of and
application of what I call my swivel fluke slot or jaw safety solid crown head
of the anchor shank, whereby I effectively assure against accident, (which
would occur if the swivel pin should break in the jaws of the open slot head of
the well-known swivel flukes of Porter's expired patent anchor shank), which
must at once be very apparent to all men, especially in a scientific view, as the
only holding power or means of keeping the swivel fluke in the slot or jaws
of Porter's anchor shank exists in the swivel pin, which if that pin broke when
a ship was holding on to, and that on a lee shore, that ship's position must
indeed become most perilous. Now, my aforesaid safety solid crown head of
the flukes slot or jaws unquestionably offers every security of assurance in this
my improved anchor shank against accident, which might arrise from the afore-
said cause), by reason of the head being formed in the solid, and gives effective
additional strength to the fluke that enters the ground, by reason of the fluke
taking a back purchase or support against that part of the aforesaid swivel
fluke slot or jaws safety solid crown head, and that particular mode of con-
struction and manufacture of obtaining the straight grain of the metal by the
bending of a bar of flat, convex, or concave iron or metal to construct the
aforesaid solid slot or jaws crown head, and more fully given in detail of my
seventh description of my aforesaid improved anchor shank, with all mere
modification (otherwise than given in my aforesaid seventh description) which
combine and possess the same essential principles of my aforesaid improved
swivel fluke slot or jaws safety solid crown head, and my flukes support guide
shank slot improved swivel anchor shank.
Eighthly, I do claim the principle of my construction and manufacture of
and application of my improved single bar, flat, convex, or concave iron or metal
anchor shank on the aforesaid principle of my seventh description and claim,
(viz.) of my safety slot or jaws solid crown head, with this particular difference,
that is to say, the means of construction of the more safety trussing or secre-
tening of the upper fluke of the swivel fluke, and whereby I assure shipping from
fouling their anchors when riding in a roadstead, and as given more fully in
detail of my eighth description; and the principle of this aforesaid anchor shank
of my construction, and of which a more full detail is given in my eighth
description, and whereby I obtain and combine, (viz.) safety, portability, and
strength (with comparatively less metal than other formed anchors), which
aforesaid advantage I do obtain by a more scientific principle of arrangement

page_text: of the metal of my anchor shank, (and I do wish this to be publicly understood,
that I do more particularly claim, the principle of this, following construction,
(viz.) of anchor shanks with an aperture and rest piece within the anchor
shank for the upper fluke palm to truss of secret itself within that aperture,
and also for to take a purchase or rest support thereon and therein), and
whereby I do effectively prevent any fouling of the anchor, upper arm, or fluke
when ships are riding in rivers or roadsteads; and, which aforesaid principle of
this safety construction of anchor shanks I do particularly-claim, with all mere
modification), otherwise than given in this' claim and in detail of my eighth
improvements in the construction of anchors; and I do sometimes construct
this following modification of my improved safety fluke slot or jaws solid crown
head shank, (viz.) which I declare to be as follows:-I do construct the
aforesaid fluke safety slot or jaws solid crown head of this shank precisely the
same, only so much shorter, (viz.), just long enough to form the aforesaid
flukes safety slot, and sufficient to connect the same to the main shank, which
I do so construct to receive the same aforesaid fluke'safety slot or jaws thereto
by any suitable means, such as keys or bolts; for portability, and the other part
of this anchor shank I do so construct as follows (viz.): the main body of a
shank of this form, a shank of the form of a double rib, having a flat stretcher
between the inside and outside ribs, of an increasing width at about the middle
of the length of this aforesaid double ribd. part of my solid shank body, (and
will consequently much resemble in appearance a railway train or guide rail
iron,) and which I construct in order to obtain safety, portability, and strength
at a less cost, by reason of the employment of less metal to obtain the probable
same amount of strength); and the principles of the whole and entire parts of
my various improved construction of anchor shanks, as given more fully in my
eighth detail description, I do particularly claim, with all mere modification
which combine or possess the same essential principles of my aforesaid improved
'swivel fluke safety slot or jaws solid crown 'head (with exception of the old
swivel pin of 'Porter's expired Patent, well known in the inarinė,, and which
part only of my aforesaid improved safety anchor shanks I disclaim), and all
and every other part, as before described, of those my aforesaid, safety anchor
shanks, and as given more-fully-in detail of my eighth description, and which,
whole and entire, constitute my eighth claim..
Ninethly, I do claim the principle of my construction of and 'application of
what I call my improved safety swivel double action wedged anchor, and I wish
it to be particularly understood that I do claim the aforesaid principle of my
construction of my safety swivel double action wedge anchor, and all and every
part, as more fully given in my nineth description of this my aforesaid safety

page_text: swivel double action wedged anchor, with all mere modification, such as placing
the wedge or wedges, outside the shank in lieu of inside, and of the employment
of a wedge at each end of the shank, (viz.) at the stock and fluke ends of 'the
shank; or any other mere modification which shall combine or possess the same
essential principle of this my aforesaid safety swivel double action wedged
anchor; and I wish this to be publicly understood, that this, whole and entire,
and every part thereof, as given in my nineth description of aforesaid
improvements, and which constitute my nineth claim.
my
Tenthly, I do claim the principles of construction of and application of what
I call my safety double action swivel successive wedges' or horns, or wedge or
horn, and I do wish this to be publicly understood, that I do particularly claim
the principle of the action of those aforesaid safety double action swivel suc-
cessive wedges or horns, or wedge or horn, (viz.) on the aforesaid principle of
succession, and as more fully given in the detail of my tenth description of
my improvements; and all and every part thereof .I do particularly claim,
with all mere modification which combine or possess the same essêntial prin-
ciples of my aforesaid safety double action swivel successive wedge or horn, and
the whole and entire parts thereof constitute my tenth claim.
Eleventhly, I do claim the principle of my improved construction of and
application of what I do call my safety swivel wedge fluke support guide studs,
and the construction of my anchor shauk guide slots, which are so formed in
construction as to act in concert with my aforesaid support guide studs, and as
given more fully in detail of my cleventh description of my aforesaid improve-
ments, and the principle of and application of all and every part thereof as
therein given, with all mere modifications which combine or possess the same
aforesaid essential principle thereof, and which constitute my eleventh claim.
Twelfthly, I do claim the principle of my improved construction of and
manufacture of what I call or name my safety self-adjusting collapseing anchor
arms stock or upper right angle arms of anchors, on the safety principle of
my construction, whereby I do effectively assure to shipping a simple, safety,
and ready means of carrying or suspending their anchors over their bows while
under way, thereby preventing any damage occursion in case of collision, and
of which aforesaid principle consists chiefly in the construction of and appli-
cation of my safety arch or arc joint of my construction, and all and every part
thereof, as more fully given in the detail of my twelfth description, and which
aforesaid principle of, and my application of, constitute my twelfth claim.
Thirteenthly, I do claim the principle of my improved construction of and
application of what I call or name my swivel safety adjusting union shackle.
or shackles, and the principle of my construction of lugs or bosses on the arms

page_text: of the anchor stock, whereby I form a connection between the collapseing arms
and my aforesaid swivel safety adjusting union shackles, (viz.) one of which I
apply to each arm of the stock, and all and every part thereof, as more fully
given in detail of my thirteenth description, and which aforesaid principle of;
and my application of, constitute my thirteenth claim.
Fourteenthly, I do claim the principle of my improved construction of and
application of what I do call or name my connecting safety throttle ring, and
in lieu of this aforesaid throttle ring I sometimes apply a shackle, in order
that the connection between the anchor and the cable may be more readily
formed by the removal of the shackle pin bolt, and all and every part
thereof, as more fully given in the detail of my fourteenth description, and
which aforesaid principle of, and application of, constitute my fourteenth
claim.
Fifteenthly, do claim the principle of my improved construction of and
manufacture of what I call or name my anchor stock safety slot or jaws
solid crown head, whereby I form a safe and effective connection between
my collapseing anchor stock and the anchor shank, and all and every part
thereof, as more fully given in detail of my fifteenth description, and which
aforesaid principle of, and manufacture of, and mode of application of,
constitute my fifteenth claim.
Sixteenthly, I do claim the principle of my improved construction of and
manufacture of what I do call or name my union coupling arms stock and
conical substance and parallel bore oval tubular arms stock, whereby I obtain
by a more scientific arrangement of the metal the same strength with much
less weight of metal in this my aforesaid anchor stock, and all and every part
thereof, as more fully given in detail of my sixteenth description; and I do
wish this to be particularly understood, that I do sometimes construct a modi-
fication of my aforesaid union coupling arms stock of this form of construction,
which I declare to be as follows (viz.)-I do so form a short solid parallel
peice of iron or metal of a plain form, and the same may consist of a oval or
a round form, in order to fit the stock slot or hole in the anchor shank of my
aforesaid construction, or of any other or common formed anchor shank, and
which aforesaid short_parallel union coupling arm stock of any construction I
so form of, as near as practically necessary; of-a-parallel form and sise or
diameter, and as necessary to fit the aforesaid tubular arms of the stock, and
which is secured therein by a suitable split key or other or other suitable plain
fastening, for portability and strength; and the principle of the construction of
this my aforesaid parallel union coupling arms stock scientifically consist in
the fitting of the three parts or limbs of the anchor, (viz.) the two tubular

page_text: arms stocks and the stock aperture or hole in the anchor shank, which being
all formed of one sise bore or in side parts, they become at once very safely
and easily coupled by my aforesaid parallel union coupling arms stock, and
which I do particularly wish it to be publicly understood (that what I do par-
ticularly claim is, the scientific plan or principle of my construction of, and
manufacture of, and application of, this my aforesaid union coupling arms
stock, and that I do not confine yself to the parallel form; as for example, in
the instance of my application of my union coupling arm stock to a anchor
shank of the (old) form of construction, where the anchor stock hole shall
have been previously formed therein of a sise larger in the inside dimensions
than that of the tubular armis stock, why then, of course, I do so form the
centre part, or more plainly, that part which is inserted in the anchor shank, of
the same dimensions, to fit the aforesaid stock, aperture, or hole, and the two
extremities of my aforesaid union coupling arms stock of such sise and form
of construction as is necessary to fit the inside tubular part of each tubular
arm of the aforesaid portable stock; and therefore it will be seen that the
scientific plan of my construction consists of so constructing my union coupling
arm stock (viz.) that the centre of the coupling arm stock shall be plainly
fitted in the anchor shank, and which having been done, will leave two plain
parts of the same or less diameter extending from each side of the shank to
receive each tubular arm of the stock; and which aforesaid tubular arms
being fitted close up to each side of the anchor shank, which at once form a
different collar at each side of the shank, to effectively prevent any recoil or
oscillation of the anchor stock, and which are, when fitted, secured with a split
key or other safe plain temporary fastening to my aforesaid union coupling
arms stock, which is then complete; and I do sometimes case my aforesaid
union coupling arms stock with extra metal of an anti-corrosive nature, in order
that anchors employed in sea-going vessels shall not fix their anchor stocks by
corrosion; and sometimes I do construct and manufacture (in lieu of my
aforesaid conical substance and parallel bore oval tubular arms stock), and
apply in the aforesaid instance of old formed anchors, having had their shank
stock hole all ready formed of a common round form; why then, in order to
meet that requirement, I do form the stock of (my improved conical substance
and parallel bore) round or squared (viz.), having as many squares as may be
prefered; and this whole and every part thereof, and which aforesaid scientific
principle of construction of, and manufacture of, and application of, constitute
my sixteenth claim.
Seventeenthly, I do claim the principle of my improved construction of and
manufacture of what I call my safety union truss sling hoop or hoops, and all

page_text: and every part thereof, and as more fully given in detail of my seventeenth
description, and which. aforesaid scientific principle of construction of, and
manufacture of, and application of, constitute my seventeenth claim.
Eighthteenthly, I do claim the principle of my improved construction of and
application of my aforesaid safety truss sling hoops and safety swivel shackles
and throttle ring, precisely the same as those applied to my safety arch joint
collapseing stock arms, and which fake effect and give action precisely on the
same principle as fully given in detail in my fourteenth description, and other-
wise given in my claims, whereby I do effectively prevent any recoil of the
anchor stock after the stock has been adjusted by the action of gravity, for the
purpose of giving effective action to the anchor when tripping or biteing the
ground, and for the more effectual holding and ready and simple means of
adjusting the anchor stock by the application of the aforesaid combined action
of (viz.) my safety truss sling hoops and my safety union shackles and my
safety throttle ring, precisely as aforesaid and described, and the scientific
principle of my construction of, and my application of, constitute my eighth
teenth claim:..
Nineteenthly, I do claim the principle of my improved construction of änd
manufacture of what I call my safety self-adjusting swivel catch or lock
bolts or bolt, and the manner of application of, as fully given in detail of my
nineteenth description, and which aforesaid principle of, and application of;
constitute my nineteenth claim.
Twentytiethly, I do claim the principle of my improved construction of and
manufacture of what I do call my anti-oscillating tripping triangular stock
ends, and all and every part thereof, as more fully given in detail of my twenty-
tieth description, with all mere modification which combine or possess the
same essential principles; and sometimes I do construct what I do call 'my
tubular arm -stock end ground cap, which I declare to be as follows (viz.):
I do so form a cap of a round or oval form, and which I construct of such a
sise as necessary to fit on the end of the tubular arm, whereby this aforesaid
cap serves a double purpose, (viz.) that of a binding hoop to the end of the
tubular arm stock, and that of a mud-cap or stopper, whereby-any-mud-or
dirt is prevented from entering the tubular arm stock, and which aforesaid
principle of my construction of, and manufacture of, and my application of,
constitute my twentytieth claim.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Robert James Maryon in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 2nd November 1854.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, ROBERT
JAMES MARYON, of No. 37, York Road, Lambeth, in the County of Surrey,
Gentleman, send. greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Second day of May, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-four, in the seventeenth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs, and successors, give and grant unto
me, the said Robert James Maryon, Her special licence that I, the
said Robert James Maryon, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or
such others as I, the said Robert James Maryon, my executors, adminis-
trators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from
time to time and at all times the reafterduring the term therein expressed,
should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United
Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of
Man, an Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF AND
MANUFACTURE OF ANCHORS," upon the condition (amongst others) that I,
the said Robert James Maryon, by an instrument in writing under my
hand and seal, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the
said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause
the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months
next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Robert James Maryon, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:
Firstly, I do so construct the flukes of anchors on several improved safety
principles of trussing, and collapsing, and tripping, and biting, and holding,
and of obtaining and applying compound leverage; and for certain means of
division of strain; and certain means of construction of, and manufacture of,
and application of anchor shanks; and the construction of and application of
certain improved means of safety adjusting stocks or upright right angle arms
of anchors and certain improved means of construction of union coupling
arms stock; and certain improved means of construction of and manufacture
of conical substance and parallel bore tubular arms stock; and which in
detail may be particularly ascertained by the accompanying description.

page_text: For practically constructing and manufacturing improved anchors, marine
or otherwise used anchors, to be as follows:-
Firstly, I do construct the flukes of anchors on several principles (viz):-
Firstly, I do so form a swivel fluke (in use and purpose of utility and in
application the same as the well-known expired Patent of Porter, in the
marine, with this my improvement, (that is to say,) I do so construct my
fluke or flukes various; firstly, I project a plan of construction of the flukes
of anchors with an arch or arc joint, (similar to a mechanic's two-foot rule
arch joint,) viz, at the swivel pin of the well-known Porter's swivel com-
pound lever anchor,) whereby this said principle of my said projection will
safely secure to vessels or ships a perfect and simple safety means of carrying
or of suspending their anchor over their .or the bow or bows of the ship (as
is, now the practice in the marine for vessels so to do when under way going
up or down channel, often causing damage to great extent), which my said
or aforesaid jointed arch flukes or fluke safely obviate, being capable of
collapse and coaptation, whereby the anchor flukes palms are closely stowed
against the anchor shank when in a state of rest, or while suspended over the
bow of the ship).
Secondly, I do so construct a traveller of such suitable form as to pass
freely up and down the shank of the anchor, covering or taking within its
diameter the palms of my collapsing flukes, and which I do call my safety
traveller ring or hoop, which is also serviceable when the anchor is to be
stowed on board ship, as it keeps the anchor in less stowage; and I also
sometimes use or apply a shackle, or a chain passed over the crown of the
anchor shank, that is to say, the part of the shank where the fluke or flukes
are inserted in the jaw or slot of the shank, which is a very common plan, as
it is used with (Porter's anchor) to trip it when required to be broken out of
the ground, and which said appliance serves my purpose of also suspending
the anchor while lying or hanging over the ship's bows; for after the anchor
has been hove up to the water line of the ship, a hook rope is thrown over
the bow to fish the shackle or chain before mentioned and is hooked thereto;
and so easy can the anchor be turned upside down, being kept in this position
until required to let go, while in this same position it will lye close alongside
the ship's bows or bow with my swivel collapsing flukes, safely collapsed
alongside the anchor shank (by the action of their own gravity), the flukes
of my construction will consequently become self-adjusting, the chain or
cable will be secured, as is the usual custom in the marine, (viz.) to the top

page_text: of the anchor shank,) and the instant my hook rope or chain is let go, the
anchor will turn over and adjust itself for lowering, to hold or retard the
vessel's progress by the action of its own gravity, and will be brought up upon
the cable; and I do so construct a cable ring or hoop which shall serve a
two-fold purpose, (viz') that of, as before mentioned, of safely securing the
palms of the anchor flukes when in a state of rest hanging over the bow of
the ship, and to which said ring or hoop I secure or attach my ship's cable,
in order that when the anchor is required to let go, the cable being secured
to this my safety cable ring or hoop, it will have only to be drawn off the
palms of the flukes, which is effected in the following manner (viz):-A
spare rope or chain is hooked or otherwise fastened to the spare ring, which
is (common to be formed at or in the top parts of the anchor shank); by this
said ring I suspend my anchor until required to let go, when the lashing is
disengaged, and the anchor will fall with force by its own gravity, and its
weight coming on my safety cable ring, will instantly slide up the shank
towards the stock, being the best place, as is practically found, for the anchor
cable to concentrate its pull when biting the ground, when at desire the
anchor can be weighed and re-adjusted for sailing or under-way purpose,
thereby preventing any damage to either occurring in case of collision; and I
do so construct my flukes or fluke with a swivel horn, in use and purpose of
utility the same as Porter's fluke), but with this advantage: it is practically
found that the solid fixed horn, and in Porter's anchor fluke, that the very
horn that causes the anchor to trip, to throw out, to bite the ground, also
retards or materially impedes by its own obstruction its entry of the ground
beyond a certain depth, as his horn stands at an angle very obtuse with his
palm, as is necessary to throw out the fluke of his form.
Thirdly, the third improvement I make consists in constructing this my
safety successive swivel horn to my swivel fluke or flukes, before mentioned
and fully described, (that is to say,) I form or cause to be formed a horn with a
swivel pin or studs to swivel on, and the same I make with jaws to clip the
fluke, or by forming a slot in the anchor fluke, or, as some mechanically phrase
it, a mortice; in this said slot I insert my said swivel horn, or by clipping the
fluke with a jaw, or by having one or more swivel horny projections on
cither side of my fluke or flukes acting with a swivel, so that when the
anchor is lying on the ground with its under fluke compressed, the swivel
horn or horns of my construction shall, by the action of their own gravity,
throw themselves into an angular position in relation with my said swivel
fluke, and thereby cause the horn to bite the ground and raise the body of
the anchor or the head of the anchor from off the ground, to enable the fluke

page_text: to recover itself and enter the ground, while my swivel horns or horn are
collapsing alongside the fluke, and therefore can offer no impediment to my
swivel fluke entering the ground with great facility, as the swivel horn of my
construction, by the action of its own gravity, assumes two different posi-
tions (viz): when the anchor fluke is collapsed or compressed under the shank
lying on the ground, my swivel horn is at an angle with the fluke; when the
fluke is biting the ground, my swivel horn then will fall in nearly a paralle!
line with niy fluke, and which will also have the same effect when my anchor
is suspended or hanging over the bows or bow of the ship or vessel while
under way for the ship's safety, and thus prevent any damage (that now so
frequently occurs) by vessels pricking their hull or the hull of other ships in
case of collision, or when riding at anchor in shoaly water.
Fourthly, I do construct anchor flukes, and which I do call my improved
anti-horn, parallel ribbed, concave, angular wedged, double and triple successive
palmed anchor fluke, and the manner in which I construct those flukes to be as
follows (that is to say)-When I construct a successive double palm fluke, I
so form each arm of the fluke from the centre of the fluke or crown of the
fluke, so on outwards, to the extent of about two-thirds of the extreme length
of each arm of the fluke of a parallel breadth, then from the two-thirds (or
outside are's extremity of the parallel part) I form with a compassed sweep
or incline ridge down to the extreme end of the back of the inside arc (or
common formed palm of the well-known Porter's expired patent fluke), in
order to give sufficient strength to the back part of the common palm and the
middle of the angular wedge of the parallel part; and I so form an incline
plane along each side of the parallel part of each arm of the fluke of a conical
concave form, from the edge of the wedge upwards, so far. as shall be most
consistent with strength; and sometimes I form this fluke with a curve just
inside the outside arc's extremity, and in resemblance to a common boat or fish
hook, for the purpose of facilitating the outside arc's extremity effectively
tripping when on the ground; and I do so form the outside surface of my
outside arc's extremity, (that is to say,) the broad-part, which I call my successive
palm, of a flat and sometimes of a concave form on the back of the outside
arc's extremity or palm, in order that the anchor shall be less liable to list or
cant when the anchor lies prostrate on the stock, and my successive palm or
broad surface of the outside arc's extremity (on the bed of waters); thus it
will be seen that a firm and effective action is thus given by my successive
palm or palms to the swivel fluke; and I do also construct my triple suc-
cessive palmed flukes or fluke upon the same principle of succession, (viz) I
do form the triple palms as follows:-In order that in large anchors, where the

page_text: weight of the shank is very great, I apply a third palm or rib, and which has
the effect to assist the fluke to recover itself from out of the prostrate position
into which it has been thrown; and which said third palm or rib projection
will also be in a line parallel with the inside arc), only formed at an equal
distance between the extremity (of the old formed palm of Porter's expired
patent swivel fluke, and the centre or swivel pin of his construction); thus,
from the centre of the fluke to the extreme end of the fluke arms I divide
into three equal. parts, or nearly, so far as is practically necessary, and the
extremities of each of the three parallel arcs being formed as similar to the
double successive palmed fluke as possible, just previously described, only with
this difference, (that is to say,) the middle of the deep part of my wedge fluke
will consist of two conical concave wedges or parts instead of one, as I have to
construct a third rib along the centre of my successive palmed tripartite fluke,
and I do also form the outside parallel arc ribs of a conical form of construc-
tion, from the crown of the fluke outwards to the most broad part of the
outside arc's extremity, and which will consequently give much more effective
holding power and strength to my successive palmed anchor fluke when in the
instance of the anchor entering loose or soft broken ground, by reason of the
greater breadth of the outside arc's rib in comparison with the inside arc's rib,
and will present to view, when looking at the inside of the fluke arm, two vast
holding powers; and to effect the construction of this said broad conical
outside arc's rib, I do displace so much metal from the middle or two-thirds of
the fluke arms as is necessary to obtain this effect without increase of weight
in this said anchor; thus it may be said of my successive palmed anchors, that
they do scientifically consist of two or three wedges, placed or formed at right
angles, with a wedge existing between each of them thus my fluke arm
consists of three or sometimes four successive wedges, and I wish this action
of my improved double and triple successive palmed flukes to be clearly
understood, that they do receive and give effective action in the following
manner (that is to say):-Supposing the anchor shall have been lowered and
have fallen on the ground, with the under fluke compressed towards the shank,
and the ship is dragging the anchor along the ground, action then ensues (viz¹);
firstly, by my successive palm of the outside arc's extremity coming in contact
with the ground and tripping the fluke on to the second successive palm, and
so on, in like manner to the third successive palm, which will throw the upper
arm of the fluke on to the shank (as in the instance of Porter's expired com-
pound lever anchor); the anchor fluke will now have been thrown out in a
proper position for entering of the ground, and consequently the palm of the
inside arc will enter first, and by the action of force generated by the pull of
:

page_text: the ship, the successive palms or broad parts of my fluke arms will follow into
the ground in uniform succession; and my successive palms will give effective
strength and holding to the ship's safety, and that will at once become apparent
to men of science, and will thereby become a great public utility by reason
of my swivel successive palmed wedge fluke anchor, whereby I obtain much
greater effective strength and utility with comparatively less metal than can
be obtained on the well-known principle of Porter's expired patent swivel
compound lever anchor, and which said Porter's swivel anchor was proved at
the Admiralty test of anchors of all nations, in the year One thousand eight
hundred and fifty-two, to be unquestionably the best extant of that day), and
only upon which said plan or principle of my successivé palmed fluke can ever
become of any public utility, and which said principle of succession of palms I
shall hereafter fully protect in my claims. And,
Fifthly, I do construct swivel anchor flukes without my successive palms
under certain circumstances, that is to say, where cost or purpose of use shall
be a consideration, as by this construction the fluke can be manufactured much
cheaper as it takes less time to make, and will answer the purpose and use of
small craft or vessels or ships, in lieu of my aforesaid successive palmed fluke.
I do construct in the manner as follows a swivel fluke, and which I call my
swivel, anti-horn, parallel ribbed, conical wedge, single palm fluke or flukes
arm, and which I simply construct by forming the inside of the fluke the same
as those just described (of Porter's expired patent fluke) with this my said
improvement; (that is to say,) I so construct my fluke arm with a regular incline
from the back part of the fluke arm or inside arc's palm, so on upwards, to the
extremity of the outside are, and which outside arc (like that of my successive
palmed fluke previously described) consists of having the outside are struck in a
parallel line, (that is to say) with so much accuracy as the case may require,) with
the inside arc of the fluke; and from the edge of this incline I do so form a plain
conical wedge at such regular or irregular incline, as the case may require, up-
wards towards the anchor swivel pin or centre of the fluke, at such distance as
I think consistent with strength; and sometimes I do form this kind of fluke
with an increase of substance from the inside are's extremity, upwards to the out-
side are of my parallel fluke, and so on, to the end of my outside arc's extremity,
and which I call a conical wedge; the extremity of this right angle wedge I do
form in this fluke of a square-cut form, similar to a common pick-axe, and I
do give the under or inside part of this outside are's extremity (the same form
as my parallel successive palmed fluke), viz, a small curve in resemblance to a
fish or boat hook), just sufficient to cause the anchor to bite the ground more
effectively, and this aforesaid outside arc is in fact in science a back square-

page_text: cut end broad conical wedge, at right angles with a centre deep conical flat
surface incline wedge, and which said middle or centre deep conical incline
wedge I construct from the inside arc's extremity with a back ridge along the
back of the inside palm, extending its course upwards to the inside curve of
the outside arc's extremity, and so on, upwards, giving the edge of this deep
wedge so much substance of metal as is consistent with the size of the anchor,
continuing this deep wedge of a conical flat surface construction onwards up
the arm to the centre of the crown or swivel pin of the fluke; and in order to
give sufficient strength to the outside arc's extremity or broad square-cut right
angle part, I so form with a bold round corner upwards along the middle
conical flat wedge to the very end of the broad ribbed part shall have coned
into one flat conical surface, and the same bold round corner I give to the back
of the inside arc's common formed palm, continuing the same upwards unto the
end of the inside arc's palm or inside arc's rib shall have coned into the deep
conical wedge part of the fluke arm of the inside arc; and sometimes I do
form the extreme end of my outside arc's broad conical ribbed part of this afore-
said fluke arm of a V form, or of a similar form to any of the common form of
anchor fluke arm palms that is now in use, where that form shall be by the
public preferable to my previously described right angle square-cut end of
my outside parallel arc's rib, and which said flukes I do sometimes form with
three ribs or a centre rib, having at the centre rib extremity a middle parallel
prominent part or wedge following in succession; that it will at once be seen
by scientific men that this class of anchor fluke is in point of fact the same
as of my construction, just previously described in the description of my
improved parallel double and triple successive palmed flukes, with merely this
difference; (that is to say,) this formed fluke consists of one palm and one
wedge, or one palm and two wedges at right angles, with a deep flat surface
conical wedge, and which I call my anti-horn parallel double and triple suc-
cessive wedged swivel fluke or flukes, and which are in use and purpose the
same as my successive palmed fluke, (viz) to effectively trip the fluke, and by
the action of succession my outside arc's successive extremity will also enter
the ground, and which in use and purpose by far supersedes the swivel anchor
fluke, with its obstructive horn of the far-famed Porter's anchor expired
Patent), as it more readily enters the ground, and gives much greater strength
with less metal; and the whole and the several plans of my constructed flukes
I do apply to the anchor shank of Porter's expired Patent, either with or
without my improved arch or arc centre joint, to effect a collapse of the flukes,
and I do also apply to these flukes of my construction (viz³) :-

page_text: Sixthly, I do so construct 'safety stops to: the arms of my arch joint swivel
collapsing flukes, that is to say, I form on the crown of each of my fluke arms
at that part where my arch joint is formed, a suitable purchase stop piece of, an
incline form with the arm of the fluke on the back of the stop, in order to give
additional strength to each jointed arm, and are so arranged that the safety
stop of each arm shall, when weight or strain is brought to bear-upon the
fluke, become thrown into direct contact; when in this position, stop to stop,
they shall render so much assistance as to firmly resist any amount of strain
that can ever be brought to bear upon this part of my arch or arc jointed
collapsing swivel flukes, and thereby render my collapsing flukes equal in point
of strength to the celebrated Porter's solid swivel fluke, which was proved the
best extant of that day, of the Admiralty trial of anchors of all nations, in the
year One thousand eight hundred and fifty-two, thereby rendering my arch and
stop joint swivel flukes 'capable of conveyance of the strain brought to hear
against the under fluke, or more plainly, that fluke which has entered the
ground for the ship's preservation while riding at anchor, and thereby give
effect to the upper fluke, by transmitting a certain. portion of the strain from
the lower fluke, and so on, to the anchor shank, upon the principle of com
pound leverage, as is proved to be the case in the instance of Porter's anchor;
and I wish it to be understood that the whole or either of my said improved
flukes I do severally or collectively apply to anchor shanks of Porter's expired
patent construction; and I do also apply those flukes of my construction to
anchor shanks of my construction.
Seventhly, I do so construct anchor shanks various, (that is to say,) I con-
struct an anchor shank as to render the anchor shank much safer and much
stronger with the same weight of metal or material, and which I construct for
the express purpose of receiving the swivel flukes of my previously described
construction, and the manner in which I effect this I declare to be as follows
(viz) I so construct what I call my safety solid crown head of the slot or
jaw of the anchor shank, and I wish it to be particularly understood that I
construct this safety. (fluke) slot or jaw-of-my anchor shank (in which said slot
or jaw the anchor swivel fluke of my construction-or-of-that-of-any-other
construction that I may conditionally hereafter apply), as the circumstance
may require, as follows; firstly, I take a long bar of iron of any desired
form to best suit the purpose, as I use various formed bar iron, and I will
herewith therefore fully describe and commence with the flat broad bar iron,
and having formed a suitable bar of iron or metal of twice the length of the
required anchor-shank, allowing sufficient extra metal to form a curved bend

page_text: of the solid head of the jaws or slot (which has to receive the fluke or flukes
therein), I cause the bar of iron to be bent in or at the centre of the length
of the bar, and so bring round each half of the bar, so as to form the neces-
sary width of the slot or jaw for the fluke to swivel in, and I place or form
within the head or crown of this slot a suitable curved piece of metal or
material; to form a comfortable bed or chock for the anchor fluke's crown head
to act against; when strain is applied to either of the fluke arms, I do con-
struct the head or crown of the centre of my swivel flukes or fluke with a
suitable curve or section of a circle around the centre of the crown of the
outside arch of my fluke, in order that when action is given to my fluke the
fluke shall swivel (on the common swivel pin of Porter's well-known. con-
struction of his expired Patent), with this my advantage, (viz¹) the fluke being
swivelled on this said pin, it will turn also as far as is necessary on the crown
of the fluke, by reason of the crown of the fluke fitting the recess formed in
the inside of the crown of the anchor shank, and against which said crown of
the inside part of my anchor shark I cause the fluke to take a purchase
against when in the ground, for the better holding of this my said anchor shank,
which affords a 'two-fold security to my compound lever anchor, and also to
the swivel pin, as the swivel pin by this means is in a measure relieved of strain,
and my fluke on this principle would act in perfect safety to the ship when riding
without the swivel pin of (Porter's construction), but in order to ensure perfect
and effective safety I employ both his swivel pin and my safety solid socket head
bearing; and in the instance of the construction of large anchors, I do form an
extra safety. stud formed on each side of the surface of the fluke's flat or deep
part in the same direction as the common swivel pin hole is formed, or other-
wise I do also form a second pin hole in the fluke in a centre line with the
swivel pin hole only, at a nearer approach to the inside arc of the fluke, at such
equal distance as is best to obtain the greatest strength; and I construct or
form in my anchor shank a suitable curved slot, of such a size as is necessary
to receive the safety strengthening studs or pin bolt of the fluke, to receive
sufficient oscillation therein as is necessary to bring the upper arm of the fluke
down upon the shank of the anchor, to receive that portion of the compound
leverage strain that shall be allotted for it to receive; thus it will be seen that
in the principle of this said anchor shank there exists a triple uniform division
of the strain, so far as is consistent with the strength of the three or four
several parts of the shank, on to which the strain is conveyed by the action of
compound leverage of the force generated by the holding on of the under or
round fluke, and I do construct this shank of one bar of iron or metal, in
order to obtain the straight grain of the iron all the way around the crown of
со

page_text: the jaws or slot in which the fluke swivels; thus it will be seen by men of
science, that the anchor fluke must (to liberate itself) actually draw out the
straight grain metal of the shank, of which my solid crown swivel slot head is
constructed, and the other parts of the shank I construct as follows (viz):At
such suitable distance as the length of my upper arm or fluke requires I form a
rest, either by closing the two parts of the upper extremities of my single bar
iron shank together, and which I do cither by welding or by any other means
effective, such as rivetting, or by bolts or by any common fastening, to suit the
required purpose, so as render the two closed parts of my single bar shank's
extremities sufficiently strong to resist effectively that portion of the strain
thrown on by the pea or palm of the inside arc's extremity taking a purchase
or rest thereon; and from this closed part onwards to that part in which is
inserted the fluke or flukes, I form a sufficiently large aperture to pass the
fluke into the jaws or slot formed for its reception to take action, as before
described, and the upper end or part of this shank I sometimes form in the
common way to receive the ordinary shackles and anchor stock, and I do also
form the main shank of this anchor in the following manner (that is to say) :-
―
Eighthly, I do so construct my single bar iron shank as follows (viz):-
I construct the jaws or slot and slot head and swivel pin hole and curved
oscillating guide slot the same as that just described in my seventh construc-
tion, and sometimes I construct the other parts of this single bar iron shank
as follows; (that is to say,) I do form from the swivel jaws or part where the
fluke is inserted onwards towards that part where the stock is applied to the
distance, or a little beyond that part of the shank where the anchor fluke
comes down upon when biting the ground, in order to relieve the strain of the
upper arm or fluke, (which generally breaks, upon test, in Porter's expired
patent swivel anchor,) and to afford a more snug berth for the upper arm or
poa of the fluke to rest in and on, and likewise to prevent any obstructive
projection appearing above the surface of the anchor shank when the anchor
flake shall have entered the ground, whereby I effect a great safety to ships or
vessels while riding at-anchor in a roadstead or in rivers, by effectively pre-
venting any other craft or vessel or ship fouling their anchors-or-fouling-their
own anchor, and which said anchor will resenible an anchor with only one
arm when in the ground, and which said advantage I effect in the following
manner (viz.)-I effect the construction of this safety shank by simply leaving
open the slot formed by the bending of the single bar iron shank, just described,
so far as is necessary to receive the upper fluke's arm within that slot, and by
so forming a suitable rest piece for the under inside arc of the upper fluke to
come down and rest upon to transmit pressure to the shank, and which I place

page_text: or form between the two parts of the shank, at such position and place as shall
be practically found best, and so, consequently, by reason of the anchor fluke
passing into this slot between the sides of the shank, there will be scarcely any
part of my upper arm successive palms or wedges visible, they having snugly
stowed themselves inside the shank, and when the anchor is tripped and
thrown over, under side up, with the fluke of the under side compressed against
the shank of the anchor, it will, by the action of its own gravity, throw itself out
on the ground, and by the action of my successive palms or wedges will effec-
tively enter the ground; and the other part of this shank I sometimes form
the same as my seventh improved construction, and sometimes I do so form
this single bar iron shank solid slot head with the swivel slot open all the way
up from the fluke's rest piece onwards to the anchor stock. I will, however,
observe, that in the construction of this said single bar iron shank solid jaw
or slot crown head, that in order to remove the fluke it is necessary to con-
struct the fluke's middle rest piece moveable, and that in order to adjust the
fluke and also the upper shackle and stock, in which said instance the shank
slot can be formed parallel with the jaws or swivel part of the fluke solid slot
head, and thus the anchor fluke can be adjusted or disengaged when formed
in the solid at the swivel pin, and thereby rendered portable; and in lieu of
constructing those shanks of a single deep flat bar of iron, I sometimes con-
struct those shanks of a single bar of convex iron, and sometimes of a single
bar of concave iron or metal, (in order to obtain the most strength with the
same weight of metal, and which I can only ascertain by trial of test.)
Ninthly, I do so construct a wedge to act in concert with my anchor solid
slot head shank, and this class of anchor I call or name my safety swivel double
action wedged anchor, and this wedge is intended to answer the use and pur-
pose of the swivel fluke or flukes of my construction, previously given, and thic
manner in which I do effect this I declare to be as follows (viz³):-I so form a
piece of iron or other metal or metals, either cast or wrought, and of the form
or shape of a common shipwright's wedge,) but I do so form the upper part or
head of this wedge in the following manner :-In the head of this wedge I form
a hole for a swivel pin to pass through, or I sometimes form, in lieu of a hole,
two solid projecting studs for the wedge to swivel on, and this wedge I place
or insert in the jaws or slot in the shank (in lieu of the fluke), and I give this
wedge enough room in the slot as is necessary for this said wedge to pass
through the slot in the shank, and thereby enable the wedge to act on both
sides of the shank by the action of gravity when the anchor shank is on
the ground; and I do form a stop to the front and back of the wedge, so that
in reversing itself this said stop shall come in contact with the solid crown or

page_text: slot head of my shank alternately to take pressure against, and this said stop
is formed at such suitable angle necessary to bring or throw my wedge into the
necessary angle required to effectively enter the ground (in like manner to the
ordinary fluke, and thus it will be seen that the whole of the pulling or
holding strain in this my double action swivel wedge anchor is distributed
between the swivel pin and the crown head of my anchor shank and-ny-safety
angular self-adjusting stop; and sometimes I form the cutting edge of this
wedge of a square 'or of an angular form, and 'sometimes of a common fluke
palm form, as may be found best to enter the ground, and to effectively cause
this said wedge to trip out from its slot I apply a swivel horn or horns to my
swivel wedge in the following manner (that is to say):-"
Tenthly, I do so construct what I call my safety double action-swivel
successive wedges or horns (vizt) by forming a slot in the wedge of a sufficient
size to admit the swivel horn to pass freely through, in order that this swivel
horn shall act on either side of the wedge, and cause the wedge to trip and
enter the ground; and sometimes I apply two swivel horns in one slot, and one
of the horns or wedges shorter than the other, to more effectively cause the
wedge to trip, by reason of the shorter swivel hörn falling into a different angle,
and will consequently trip against the ground first, and will give effect to the
longer swivel horn, and the longest horn will trip the holding wedge and effec-
tively give action to the anchor; and when this said double action safety swivel
wedge anchor is required over the ship's bows ready for use, I apply a safety
traveller truss ring or hoop, which I slide over the shank and wedge, and the
manner I apply this safety traveller ring is as follows:-I pass the ring over
the stock end of the shank, and secure to this ring a chain or rope, which I
secure to the cable; then, by giving sufficient slack to the cable, the traveller
ring will slide down the shank by the action of gravity and encompass the
swivel wedge, for safety while under way, 'suspending the anchor by the cable
ring and a temporary lashing or hook rope, ready to let go'; when having let
go, the anchor falling, will bring taught the cable, and will consequently draw
up the safety ring to the stock, and will liberate the holding swivel wedge
ready for every purpose for which anchors are applied; thus; the scientific
principle of this anchor consists of two or three or more successive swivel
wedges acting in uniform succession on either side of the shank at right angles
with the stock, and those swivel wedges receive or take action successively by
their own gravity and friction on the ground.
Eleventhly, I construct a safety support guide to my swivel holding wedge
as follows: At about one-third the distance between the crown and extremity
of the holding wedge I form at each side of the wedge a suitable guide stud,

page_text: which I cause to travel in a suitable guide slot, which I form in the shank of
the anchor; and sometimes in lieu of the studs I form a hole to receive a pin.
olt, to answer the same useful purpose; and sometimes I form a connecting
guide support rod, acting on each side of the holding wedge, and working in a
slot formed in the upper part of the shank by a guide pin, in order to convey
strain to that part, and the holding strain of the anchor is distributed into six
parts (viz'); firstly, the holding strain, generated by the pull of the ship's cable).
is received on the swivel wedge in the ground, the second part is transmitted
to the safety stop, and the third portion to the solid crown head of the shank,
and the fourth portion to the swivel pin, the fifth portion to the support guide.
and studs or pin bolt, and the sixth portion to the shank body; thus it will be
seen that the proportions of this anchor are both herculean and scientific.
Twelfthly, my improvements consist of certain improved means of construc-
tion of and manufacture of anchor stocks, or the upper right angle arms of the
anchor, and which I declaro to be as follows (viz)-I do construct what I
call or name my collapsing stock arms, and which said collapse I effect in the
following manner (that is to say) viz:-I form an arch or are joint at the
centre of the extreme length of the arms or stock, similar in construction to a
mechanic's arch-joint rule, and I apply to each of these arms a safety stop, in
order that when the arms are extended to receive the pulling strain of the
cable, that my safety stops shall come in direct contact, stop to stop, and thereby
render sufficient strength to my arch joint for the effective resistance of any
strain that can ever be brought to bear upon the anchor, and the manner in
which I apply my collapsing arms' stock I declare to be as follows (viz):-
-
Thirteenthly, I do so construct and apply to each of my collapsing arms my
anchor union shackles, and which said shackles I apply to each arm of the
stack at that distance from the centre of the arch joint, of whatever the length
of the shackle may consist, (or a little more or less,) and I do form on each
an of the stock lugs, suitable for the shackle to swivel in, by means of a pin
Loit, which I pass through the shackle and lug or boss formed on the upper or
under side of the arms of each of the stock arms, and I so construct those lugs
or bosses and swivel pin, in order that (the shackles, which are of common
form, as now in use in the marine), when the cable is applied, the swivel
shackles shall nearly meet each other, and they shall assumie an angular
position in relation to each other, and to effect the safety contraction of those
swivel shackles and consequent extension of the stock arms, which is most
essential to cause the anchor to enter the ground for the ship's safety, I con-
struct the following means (that is to say):-
Fourteenthly, I do so construct my cable end with what I call-my-anchor.

page_text: safety throttle ring, and the use and purpose of my aforesaid throttle ring
is to effectively give or cause contractile action of the aforesaid two holding
swivel shackles, whereby I effectively prevent any collapse of the stock arms when
the anchor is let go from the ship for the purpose of safely holding or retarding
the ship's way, (and for the more effectual, easy, and readily adjusting of the
anchor stock arms when the anchor is required over the bow of the ship or
vessel to let go for under-way purposes, and which I effect by passing the
cable through each of the swivel shackles (viz), the shackle which I apply to
cach arin of the stock and the shackle I apply to the shackle of the anchor,
for the purpose of suspending the anchor by when hanging over the bow of the
ship while under way, which in all makes three shackles; and having done
this, I pass the end of the cable through my aforesaid safety throttle ring
(which is secured to the end of the cable), and having done this, I keep the end
or part of the cable on board the ship in the usual manner, as is now the
custom in the marine to do); and I next place my anchor over the bow of the
ship in readiness to let go, suspending the anchor by a running or hook rope
or chain attached to the centre shackle, that is to say, the shackle which I
construct in the anchor shank, and having got the weight of the anchor upon
this aforesaid shackle, I then slack the cable, which will pass freely through
the safety throttle ring, and so give action to the safety adjusting shackle of
each joint arm of the anchor stock, by reason of the two safety arm shackles
liberation from the grip of my safety throttle ring, when instant collapse of the
anchor stock arms will take place by the action of their own gravity, and lie
close alongside the anchor shank for under-way purpose; and when required
to bring the ship to anchor, all that is required is simply thus: I let go
one end of the suspending lashing, and keeping the other end on board, the
anchor, by its own weight or gravity, will fall with force upon the cable, and
the safety throttle ring will be tightly drawn down to the shackles, having
effective holding power given by the weight of the anchor as to effectively
prevent any collapse of the arms taking place after the anchor has been let go,
or when in contact with the ground, for the ship's safety.
Fifteenthly, I do so construct an anchor stock solid jaw or slot head for the
reception of my anchor collapse stock to take action therein, (that is to say,)
I do so form a slot in the following manner (viz):-I take a bar of flat, or convex,
or concave iron, and bend this said bar in the centre, of the required length of
the bar, and having done this, I proceed to form a right angle part with the
solid jaws or slot head, sufficient to weld or otherwise secure, either fixed therein
or made portable, by the temporary security of rivets or bolts within the shank,
or the shank within the solid stock head extremities, (vice versâ,) either fitted

page_text: to the shank of my construction or of any other construction, and the slot of
this solid head I construct at a right angle with the fluke and main body of
the shank, in order that the arch joint of my collapsing stock arms may act
therein), and which I secure in my solid slot head by the pin bolt of the arch
joint, which I also secure the suspending swivel shackle with; therefore it will
be seen that I cause this aforesaid arch joint pin bolt to serve three several
purposes (viz), that of securing the arch joint and the suspending shackle, and
of securing the arch joint stock in the solid slot head, and which aforesaid pin
bolt I pass through the shackle and slot and stock when they are all fitted
together), and having applied my stock arms safety union double shackles and
my cable safety throttle ring, my improved self-adjusting arch joint anchor
stock is now complete, and this kind of stock will only be required in cases of
employing fixed anchor flukes (in lieu of my improved collapsing flukes); and
sometimes I apply to my arch joint stock arms (viz), in lieu of constructing
each arm of the stock out of the solid iron or metal throughout the arm, "
sometimes construct the anchor stock arms as follows (that is to say):-
I
Sixteenthly, I do so construct the stock arms very short from the arch joint
or centre of the stock, (viz) just long enough to receive and effectively hold
thereon my improved conical substance and parallel bore oval tubular arm
stocks; and the manner in which I construct and manufacture my improved
anchor stock arms to be as follows (viz³) :-I do first obtain a sheet or bar of
rolled or drawn or fagotted or otherwise formed conical substance iron of the
necessary length and breadth, and then cause the same to be either welded,
rivetted, or otherwise closed or shut, in such manner as shall forn, as near as
practically necessary, a parallel bore throughout the tube, which will then have
formed the outside of the tube of a conical shape and substance, and that
difference of substance may consist of about three times the thickness at the
inner or shank end to that of the outer or extreme end, so that the difference
of substance will be about 3 to 1, in order to obtain the greatest strength at
the root of the stock arm where the strain is pulling in contact with the
ground is received; and having formed this aforesaid conical substance parallel
bore oval tube, and sometimes I shall cause this plain tube to be drawn into
the required shape and substance by machinery in like manner to the gas or
water tubes are made); and having obtained a tube of the required form, I
proceed to form a hoop (that is to say):-
Seventeenthly, I do so construct my auchor safety union sling hoops and
swivel shackle, and the manner in which this said hoop is formed I declare to
be as follows:-I cause a hoop to be formed with a lug or boss on the top
part of the hoop, of sufficient strength to effectively resist the pulling strain of

page_text: the cable, which is secured and connected by means of a common formed
shackle and pin to the boss or lug of this aforesaid sling hoop, and which I
construct sometimes with two lugs or bosses to each sling hoop; I so arrange
those lugs in order that a pin bolt may be passed through each of the aforesaid
lugs or bosses of each sling hoop to connect the sling hoops together, and so,
consequently, the stock arms to which those-sling hoops are applied to my
solid or tubular arm stocks; but I do sometimes form this aforesaid safety union
sling hoop with one lug or boss (in lieu of two), and this said sling hoop I
pass over the conical tubular arm stock, which also serves the purpose of a
binding hoop to the tube at the largest end, and to the boss or lug of this
aforesaid safety sling hoop I apply my safety union shackles, one of which I
apply to each tubular arm stock, which forms the connection of the anchor and
the cable, and which I call my safety union sling hoop and union swivel shackles,
(and by the combined action of my safety union sling hoop and union swivel
shackles and my safety cable throttle ring, I effectively achieve that security
to my safety self-adjusting anchor stocks (either when constructed on the
principle of my arch joint collapsing arms stock, or on my improved reversible
self-adjusting principle of arm stocks, as I sometimes do so construct anchor
stocks (that is to say) :-
Eighteenthly, I do so construct my arm stock on an improved safety
reversible self-adjusting principle, and which aforesaid-improvement consists in
the application of my aforesaid safety sling hoops and union swivel shackles
and safety throttle ring, the same as those applied to my safety arch joint
collapsing stock arms, and which take effect and give action precisely in the
aforesaid manner (fully described in my fourteenth description), and the prin-
ciple difference in the action of my improved reversible self-adjusting anchor
stock to that of my construction just previously described consists as follows
(viz) To effect a reversible action of the stock and arms, I employ, in lieu of
my arch joint arms and solid slot head of my shank, a round head (to shanks of
any of my previously describeil construction), from the extreme end of the stock
end of the shank, which is left or formed round, so as to admit of a stock nut
to travel up and down the shank, so as to adjust the stock when the anchor is
over the bow of the ship, on which said round part there are studs or guides for
the nut to travel up and down the shank, so as to turn a quarter of a circle, as
necessary, to bring the stock of the anchor in a line parallel with its flukes
when not employed in the ground, and when employed the reverse way to the
fluke the detail parts of stock nut, cap, and arms, are as follows: a plain cast
or wrought metal boss, or a nut which has one, two, or more diagonal or curvi-
linear slots or grooves cut or cast in the cylinder, which if cast will be placed

page_text: secure within the cylinder, being wrought iron; on its outer extremities are
formed arms,' which are to receive my improved conical substance and parallel
bore oval tubular arms stock, and my safety sling hoops and union swivel
shackles and safety cable throttle ring, the same as those applied to my safety
arch joint collapsing stock arms, and which aforesaid improvement consists in
effectively preventing any recoil of the anchor stock after the stock has been
adjusted by the action of its own gravity, for the purpose of giving effect to the
anchor to enter the ground, which aforesaid reversible stock otherwise would
recoil without this my improved safety effective arrangement, when the anchor
stock came in contact with the ground, by the force of, the anchor tripping, and
thereby cause the stock to recoil from the required position necessary to give
or cause effect of the fluke to enter the ground; and when in order that double
security, if necessary, against this recoil shall be provided, I form in the round
adjustable part of the shank (that is to say) :-
Nineteenthly, I do so construct in the round part of the shank à suitable
slot, in which said slot I construct one or two safety swivel catch lock bolts,
which I so form of an incline shape on the back part of the swivel catch, and
by suspending this swivel catch lock bolt by a swivel pin in the slot, a square
part of the bolt is always prominent by the action of its own gravity, and when
the stock nut shall come in contact with this swivel lock catch, it will press
inwards, and allow the stock nut to pass it, and will deny the possibility of the
stock's return, and which I call my anchor stock safety swivel self-adjusting
lock bolt or bolts; and sometimes I form the outer or lesser ends of my solid
ör tubular arm stocks with three angular tripping studs (that is to say):-
Twentiethly, I do sometimes construct the ends of my stocks with what I
call my improved anchor arm stock tripping triangular studs, and which I con-
struct as follows (viz):-I construct triangular pieces of iron, (that is to say,)
one piece or part shall be at right angles with the other two parts, similar to
the T square, and those triangular parts shall consist of solid or tubular iron
or metal, cast or wrought, and which I form with a fag end, to fit in the
tubular arm stock; or otherwise I form the right angle part with a suitable
hoop, to fit over the end of my conical tube, and in which said instance it will
also serve for a binding hoop to the end of the tube; and sometimes I form this
triangle by splitting and spreading out the end of the solid arm stock, and on
the three several parts I sometimes fix or form a nob, of any form, in order
that when the anchor stock end shall come in contact with the ground they
will be less liable to enter soft or loose ground; and the principle on which my
said triangular tripping studs act is as follows (viz¹):-Suppose the anchor
shall have fallen on the most prominent stud which will stand-in a straight

page_text: line with
my stock arm,
the anchor will instantly cant or list over into the
usual required position for the anchor to enter the ground; when in this
position my triangular studs will take effect, by keeping the anchor froni
oscillation, which first biting the ground, and therefore will give more imme-
diate and effective action to the anchor, so essentially necessary to vessels or
ships when drifting on a lee shore or in any time of peril.
And having fully described the detail of my Invention, (minutely, in order to
avoid any litigation,) I wish it to be particularly understood that I do not con-
fine myself to the use of any particular kind of material or metal in the
manufacture of any of my Inventions, as there may be parts formed either in
malleable, cast, or wrought metal, as the case may be; neither do I confine
myself to the precise proportions of any of my projections; therefore I wish to
be particularly understood that the principle of the several parts of my afore-
said Invention is what I confine myself to), and I shall now proceed to state
my claims.
..
Firstly, I do claim the principle of my safety construction of the anchor
fluke or flukes with an arch or are joint at the centre of the fluke or flukes,
for the purpose of effecting a collapse of the fluke or flukes, and as given in
detail of my description, with all mere modification which essentially combine
or possess the same principle of my aforesaid collapsing flukes, whereby I
effectively assure shipping against accident, which were of frequent occurrence
by the pricking of their hull with their anchor fluke, and which, whole and
entire, constitute my first claim.
Secondly, I do claim the principle of my construction of and application of
what I call my safety self-adjusting traveller ring or hoop, for the use and
purpose of trussing and securing the flukes in a safety position; and the
method of connecting my aforesaid safety self-adjusting traveller ring or
hoop of the anchor cable, whereby I so liberate the fluke or flukes, and cause
the aforesaid ring or hoop to travel up the anchor shank towards the stock
head by the action of force generated by the action of gravity of the anchor in
the fall when the temporary suspending lashing is. let go, and as previously
described in detail of that part of my second projection of my improvements
in the construction of anchors, with all mere modification which essentially
combine or possess the same principles of my aforesaid safety self-adjusting
traveller ring or hoop, and which, whole and entire, constitute my second
claim.
Thirdly, I do claim the principle of my construction of and the application
of my safety self-adjusting successive swivel horns or horn to my aforesaid
arch or are joint or swivel fluke or flukes of my construction, whereby they

page_text: shall take or give action on the aforesaid principle of succession, that is to say,
when the safety successive swivel horns shall, by the action of gravity, fall
from out of a collapse position, and thereby come into contact with the ground,
when by friction or force generated by the ship dragging the anchor, this
aforesaid safety swivel horn or horns shall be so made available to throw out
the under fluke from the compressed position into which it shall have fallen on
the ground, and thereby give free action to the anchor fluke to enter the
ground, and on the recovery of the fluke from the aforesaid compressed position
my aforesaid safety successive swivel horn or horns shall collapse by the action
of gravity into a slot or recess so formed in the fluke to receive the same,
thereby greatly facilitate the swivel fluke, in entering in the ground, and as
previously given in my description in detail, with all mere modification which
combine essentially the same principles of my aforesaid safety self-adjusting
successive swivel horn or horns, and which, whole and entire, constitute my
third claim..
Fourthly, I do claim the principle of my construction and the application of
what I call my improved swivel, anti-horn, parallel ribbed, concave, angular
wedged, double and triple successive palmed anchor flukes or fluke, (that is to
say,) whereby the aforesaid successive palms angular concave wedge shall take or
give action on the aforesaid principles of succession, (that is to say,) as follows
(viz)-That the inside common palm of the inside arc of the swivel anchor
fluke shall by the action of force generated by the dragging or pulling of the
ship be caused to enter the ground first, and which will then give immediate
action to my angular wedge of my aforesaid construction, which will or
shall take effect thus (viz), by reason of the aforesaid angular wedge being
at a right angle with the palm of the inside and outside arc's rib, and which
aforesaid angular wedge forms a support, stretcher, and connection between the
inside and outside ares of the fluke, and this aforesaid angular right angle
wedge extending along the back of the inside arc's palm upwards to the outside
arc's palm, and therefore looking sidewise at the anchor, this fluke will shew
a lateral incline, and which I call my angular wedge, and the use and effect
of this aforesaid angular wedge is to strengthen the back of the palm of the
inside arc, and to more effectively cause the fluke to enter the ground, which
by reason of the point of this aforesaid angular wedge entering the ground
first, and the cutting part or edge of the angular wedge will consequently
follow, and cut and force open the ground with great facility, and therefore
give more immediate action to the inside palm, and to my successive palm or
palms of the middle or outside arc's rib, to enter the ground in due time of suc-
cession to more effectively bear part in the required holding, and which aforesaid

page_text: principle of succession of palms is so made available for the purpose of tripping
the anchor fluke in like succession, and as more fully given in detail in my
fourth description of my improvements in the construction of anchors, with all
mere modification which combine or possess the same essential principles of my
aforesaid improved swivel, anti-horn, parallel ribbed, angular wedge, concave,
double and triple successive palms or palmed anchor fluke, or flukes, and which,
whole and entire, constitute my fourth claim...
Fifthly, I do claim the principle of my construction and application of what
I call my improved swivel, anti-horn, parallel ribbed, conical, angular, succes-
sive wedge, single palm fluke or flukes, and the principle of the action of this
aforesaid swivel fluke is precisely the same as that given in my fourth de
scription of my aforesaid improvements (viz); of succession, only with this
difference, that is to say, in lieu of applying my successive palms) I construct
this aforesaid fluke or flukes without those successive palms, causing the fluke
to be formed of a plain conical angular form outwards from the centre or
swivel pin to the extremity of the inside arc's rib or back of the palm of the
inside arc, 'from thence continuing the angular conical wedge upwards unto
the outside arc's extremity, and when (looking sidewise at the anchor, this
fluke will shew a lateral incline, and which I call my angular wedge); and
sometimes I construct; in form the outside arc's rib extremity of a, much
broader width than the inside ares of the fluke, and I construct the form of
the extremity of the aforesaid outside arc surface a little concave, and of a
square-cut finish, and of a conical form of construction from the extremity
upwards towards the centre of the fluke, and as more fully given in detail of
my fifth description of my improvements, with all mere modification which
combine or possess the same essential principles of my aforesaid swivel, anti-
horn, parallel ribbed, conical, angular, successive wedged, single. palm fluke or
flukes, and which, whole and entire, constitute my fifth claim..
Sixthly, I do claim the principle of my construction and application of what
I call my safety collapsing fluke purchase stops, and which essential advantage
consists in forming a safety fluke stop to each holding arm of the anchor, and
which is so formed on the crown of the fluke, that in order when the aforesaid
collapsing flukes shall become extended, to take effective-holding-on-the
ground), those safety stops shall come in contact, stop to stop, and thereby
give efficient strength to the arch joint of the collapsing flukes to transmit
that portion of strain brought to bear against the under-ground holding fluke,
as is proved to be the case in the instance of the celebrated expired. patent of
Porter's compound lever swivel fluke anchor), the strain generated, by the
holding on of the under fluke to the upper fluke, and so onwards, to the anchor
"

page_text: shank; and the said safety stops are made available as to form a firm effective
bearing for the aforesaid collapse fluke to take pressure against the solid jaw
or slot head of an anchor shank that I construct to act in concert with those
aforesaid collapsing flukes, and as more fully given in detail of my sixth
description of my improvements, with all mere modification which combine or
possess the same, essential principles of my aforesaid safety collapsing fluke
purchase, stops, and which, whole and entire, constitute my sixth claim.
Seventhly, do claim the principle of construction, and manufacture of, and
application of what I call my swivel fluke slot or jaw safety solid crown head
of the anchor shank, whereby I effectively assure against accident (which
would occur if the swivel pin should break in the jaws of the open slot head of
the well-known swivel flukes of Porter's expired patent anchor shank), which
must at once be very apparent to all men, especially in a scientific view, as the
only holding power or means of keeping the swivel fluke in the slot or jaws of
Porter's anchor shank exists in the swivel pin, which, if that pin broke when
a ship was holding on to, and that on a lee shore, that ship's position must
indeed become most perilous. Now my aforesaid safety solid crown head of the
fluke's slot or jaws unquestionably offers every security of assurance in this my
improved anchor shank against accident which might arise from the aforesaid
cause), by reason of the head being formed in the solid, and gives effective
additional strength to the fluke that enters the ground, by reason of the fluke
taking a back purchase or support against that part of the aforesaid swivel
fluke slot or jaw's safety solid crown head, and that particular mode of con-
struction and manufacture of obtaining the straight grain of the metal by the
bending of a bar of flat; convex, or concave iron or metal to construct the
aforesaid solid slot or jaw's crown head, and more fully given in detail of my
seventh description of my aforesaid improved anchor shank, with all mere
modification (otherwise than given in my aforesaid seventh description) which
combine and possess the same essential principles of my aforesaid improved
swivel fluke slot or jaw's safety solid crown head, and my flukes support guide
shank shot, improved swivel anchor shank, and which, whole and entire, consti-
tute my seventh claim..
Eighthly, I do claim the principle of my construction, and manufacture of,
and application of my improved single bar, flat, convex, or concave iron or
metal anchor shank, on the aforesaid principle of my seventh description and
claim, (viz) of my safety slot or jaws solid crown head, with this particular
difference, (that is to say,) the means of construction of the more safety trussing
or secreting of the upper fluke of the swivel fluke, and whereby I assure
shipping from fouling their anchors when riding in a 'roadstead, and as given

page_text: more fully in detail of my eighth description; and the principle of this afore-
said anchor shank of my construction, and of which a more full detail is given
in my eighth description, and whereby I obtain and combine (viz) safety,
portability, and strength, (with comparatively less metal than other formed
anchors), which aforesaid advantage I do claim by a more scientific principle
of arrangement of the metal of my anchor shank, and I do wish this to be
publicly understood, that I do more particularly claim the principle of this fol-
lowing construction, (viz) of anchor shanks with an aperture and rest piece
within the anchor shank, for the upper fluke palm to truss or secrete itself
within that aperture, and also to take a purchase or rest support thereon and
therein, and whereby I do effectively prevent any fouling of the anchor upper
arm or fluke when ships are riding in rivers or roadsteads, and which aforesaid
principle of this safety construction of anchor shafts I do particularly claim,
with all mere modification), otherwise than given in this claim and in detail of
my eighth improvements in the construction of anchors; and I do sometimes
construct this following modification of my improved safety fluke slot or jaws
solid crown head shank, (viz) which I declare to be as follows:-I do construct
the aforesaid fluke safety slot or jaw's solid crown head of this shank precisely
the same, only so much shorter, (vizt) just long enough to form the aforesaid
fluke's safety slot, and sufficient to connect the same to the main shank, which
I do so construct to receive the same aforesaid fluke safety slot, or jaws thereto
.by any suitable means, such as keys or bolts, for portability; and the other part
of this anchor shank I do so construct as follows, (viz), the main body of a
shank of this form or stock of the form of a double rib, having a flat stretcher
between the inside and outside ribs, of an increasing width at about the middle
of the length of this aforesaid double ribbed part of my solid shank body, (and will
consequently much resemble in appearance a railway tram or guide rail iron,)
and which I construct in order to obtain safety, portability, and strength, at a
less cost, by reason of the employment of less metal to obtain the probable same
amount of strength); and the principles of the whole and entire parts of my
various improved construction of anchor shanks, as given more fully in my
eighth detail description, I do particularly claim, with all mere modification,
which combine or possess the same essential principles of my aforesaid improved
swivel fluke safety slot or jaws solid crown head, (with exception of the old
swivel pin of Porter's expired Patent, well known in the marine, and which
part only of my aforesaid improved safety anchor shanks I disclaim;) and all
and every other part, as before described, of those my aforesaid-safety anchor
shanks, and as given more fully in detail of my eighth description, and which,
whole and entire, constitute my eighth claim.

page_text: Ninthly, I do claim the principle of my construction of and 'application
of what I call my improved safety swivel double action wedged anchor;
and I wish it to be particularly understood that I do claim the aforesaid prin-
ciple of my construction of my safety swivel double action wedge anchor, and
all and every part, as more fully given in my ninth description of this my afore-
said-safety-swivel double action wedged anchor, with all mere modification;
such as placing the wedge or wedges outside the shank in lieu of inside, and of
the employment of a wedge at each end of the shank (viz) at the stock and
fluke ends of the shank, or any other mere modification which shall combine
or possess the same essential principle of this my aforesaid safety swivel double
action wedged anchor; and I wish this to be publicly understood, that this,
whole and entire, and every part thereof, as given in my ninth description of
my aforesaid improvements, constitute my ninth claim.
Tenthly; I do claim the principles of construction of and application of what
I call my safety double action swivel-successive wedges or horns or wedge
or horn, and I do wish this to be publicly understood, that I do particularly
claim the principle of the action of those aforesaid safety double action 'swivel
successive wedges or horns or wedge of horn, viz, on the aforesaid principle
of succession, and as more fully given in the detail of my tenth description of
my improvements; and all and every part thereof I do particularly claim, with
all mere modification which combine or possess the same essential principles
of my aforesaid safety double action swivel successive wedge or horn, and the
whole and entire parts thereof constitute my tenth claim.
Eleventhly I do claim the principle of my improved construction of and
application of what I do call my safety swivel wedge fluke support guide
studs, and the construction of my anchor shank guide slots, which are so
formed in construction as to act in concert with my aforesaid support guide
studs, and as given more fully in detail of my eleventh description of my afore-
said improvements, and the principle of and application of all and every part
thereof as therein given, with all mere modifications which combine or possess
the same aforesaid essential principle thereof, and which constitute my eleventh
claim.
Twelfthly, I do claim the principle of my improved construction of: and
manufacture of what I call or name my safety self-adjusting collapsing
anchor arms stock or upper right angle arms of anchors, on the safety prin-
ciples of my construction, whereby I do effectively assure to shipping a simple,
safety, and ready means of carrying or suspending their anchors over their
bows while under way, thereby preventing any damage occurring in case of
'collision, and which 'aforesaid principle consists chiefly in the construction of

page_text: and application of my safety arch or arc joint of my construction, and all and
every part thereof, as more fully given in the detail of my twelfth description,
and which aforesaid principle of, and my application of, constitute my twelfth
claim..
Thirteenthly, I do claim the principle of my improved construction of and
application of what I call or name my anchor swivel safety adjusting, union
shackle or shackles, and the principle of my construction of lugs or bosses on
the arms of the anchor stock, whereby I form a connection between the col-
lapsing arms and my aforesaid swivel safety adjusting union shackles (viz³),
one of which I apply to each arm of the stock, and all and every part thereof,
as more fully given in detail of my thirteenth description, and which aforesaid
principle of, and my application of, constitute my thirteenth claim.
Fourteenthly, I do claim the principle of my improved construction of and
application of what I do call or name my connecting safety anchor throttle
ring, and in lieu of this aforesaid throttle ring I sometimes apply a shackle, in
order that the connection between the anchor and the cable may be more
readily formed by the removal of the shackle pin bolt, and all and every part
thereof, as more fully given in the detail of my fourteenth description, and
which aforesaid principle of, and application of, constitute my fourteenth claim.
Fifteenthly, I do claim the principle of my improved construction of and
manufacture of what I call or name my anchor stock safety slot or jaws solid
crown head, whereby I form a safe and effective connection between my col-
lapsing stock and anchor shank, and all and every part thereof, as more fully
given in detail of my fifteenth description, and which aforesaid principle of, and
manufacture of, and mode of application of, constitute my fifteenth claim.
Sixteenthly, I do claim the principle of my improved construction of and
manufacture of what I do call or name my union coupling arms stock and
conical substance and parallel bore oval tubular arms stock, whereby I obtain,
by a more scientific arrangement of the metal, the same strength with much
less weight of metal in this my aforesaid anchor stock, and all and every part
thereof, as more fully given-in detail of-my sixteenth description; and I do wish
this to be particularly understood, that I do sometimes construct a modification
of-my-aforesaid-union-coupling arms-stock-of-this-form-of-construction, which I
declare to be as follows (viz):-I do so form a short, solid, parallel piece of iron
or metal of a plain form, and the same may consist of an oval or a round form,
in order to fit the stock slot or hole in the anchor shank of my aforesaid con-
struction, or of any other or common formed anchor shank, and which aforesaid
short parallel union coupling arm stock, of any construction, I so form of, as near
as practically necessary, of a parallel form and size or diameter, and as necessary

page_text: to fit the aforesaid tubular arms of the stock, and which is secured therein by a
suitable split key, or other suitable plain fastening, for portability and strength,
and the principle of the construction of this my aforesaid parallel union coupling
arms stock scientifically consist in the fitting of the three parts or limbs of the *
anchor (viz), the two tubular arms stocks, and the stock aperture or hole in
the anchor shank, which being all formed of one size bore or inside parts, they
become at once very safely and easily coupled by my aforesaid parallel union
coupling arms stock, and which I do particularly wish it to be publicly under-
stood (that what I do particularly claim is, the scientific plan or principle of
my construction of, and manufacture of, and application of, this my aforesaid
union coupling arms stock, and that I do not confine myself to the parallel
form; as for example, in the instance of my application of my union coupling
arms stock to an anchor shaft of the old form of construction, where the
anchor stock hole shall have been previously formed therein of a size larger
in the inside dimensions than that of the tubular arms stock, why then, of
course, I do so form the centre part, or, more plainly, that part which is inserted
in the anchor shank, of the same dimension to fit the aforesaid stock aperture
or hole, and the two extremities of my aforesaid union coupling arms stock of
such size and form of construction as is necessary to fit the inside tubular part
of each tubular arm of the aforesaid portable stock, and therefore it will be
seen that the scientific plan of my construction consists of so constructing my
union coupling arms stock (viz¹), that the centre of the coupling arm stock
shall be plainly fitted in the anchor shank, and which having been done will
leave two plain parts of the same or less diameter extending from each side
of the shank to receive each tubular arm of the stock, and which aforesaid
tubular arms being fitted close up to each side of the anchor shank, which at
once form a sufficient collar at each side of the shank, to effectively prevent
any recoil or oscillation of the anchor stock, and which are, when fitted,
secured with a spilt key, or other safe, plain, temporary fastening, to my afore-
said union coupling arms stock, which is then complete; and I do sometimes
case my aforesaid union coupling arms stock with extra metal of an anti-
corrosive nature, in order that anchors employed in sea-going vessels shall not
fix their anchor stocks by corrosion; and sometimes I do construct and
manufacture, (in lieu of my aforesaid conical substance and parallel bore oval
tubular arms stock,) and apply in the aforesaid instance of old formed anchors,
having had their shank stock hole all ready formed of a common round form;
why then, in order to meet that requirement, I do form the stock of my
improved conical substance and parallel bore round or squared (viz'), having as
many squares as may be preferred, and this whole, and every part thereof, and
D 2

page_text: which aforesaid scientific principle of construction of, and manufacture of, and
application of, constitute my sixteenth claim.
Seventeenthly, I do claim the principle of my improved construction of and
manufacture of what I call my anchor safety union truss sling hoop or hoops,
and all and every part thereof, as more fully given in'detail of my 'seventeenth
description, and which aforesaid scientific principle of construction of, and
manufacture of, and application of, constitute my seventeenth claim.
Eighteenthly, I do. claim the principle of my improved construction of and
application of my aforesaid safety truss sling hoops and safety swivel shackles
and throttle ring, precisely the same as those applied to my safety arch joint
collapsing stock arms, and which take effect and give action precisely on the
same principle as fully given in detail of my fourteenth description, and other-
wise given in my claims, whereby I do effectively prevent any recoil of the
anchor stock after the stock has been adjusted by the action of gravity,
for the purpose of giving effective action to the. anchor when tripping or
biting the ground, and for the more effectual holding and ready and simple
means of adjusting the anchor stock by the application of the aforesaid com-
bined action (viz') my safety truss sling hoops, and my safety union shackles,
and my safety throttle ring, precisely as aforesaid and described, and the
scientific principle of my construction of, and my application of, constitute my
eighteenth claim.
Nineteenthly, I do claim the principle of my improved construction of and
manufacture of what I call my safety stock self-adjusting swivel catch or lock
bolts or bolt, and the manner of application of, as fully given in detail of my
nineteenth description, and which. aforesaid principle of, and application-of,
constitute my nineteenth claim..
Twentiethly, I do claim the principle of my improved construction of and
manufacture of what I do call my anti-oscillating tripping triangular stock
ends, and all and every part thereof; as more fully given in detail of my
twentieth description, with all mere modification which combine and possess
the same essential principles; and sometimes I do construct what I do call my
tubular arm stock end ground cap, which I declare to be as follows (viz):-
I do so form a cap of a round or oval form, and which I construct of such a
size as necessary to fit on the end of the tubular arm, whereby this aforesaid
cap serves a double purpose (viz), that of a binding hoop to the end of the
tubular arm stock, and that of a mud cap or stopper, whereby any mud or dirt
is prevented from entering the tubular arm stock, and which aforesaid principle
of my construction of, and manufacture of, and my application of, constitute my
twentieth claim.

page_text: N.B.-Observing that the detail parts of or sections of each Figure is lettered
the same as the numerical figures.
Figure 1 shews an elevation of my improved safety arch joint collapseing
successive wedge fluke. A and B are two distinct equal halves of the flukes;
C to C shews my successive deep conical wedge, extending from C to D; D is
my successive right angle wedge or palm of the outside arc's extremities.
d (small) is the usual palm of the inside arc. E is the stops, formed to work
and take pressure in the jaws or slot of my solid crown head shank; F is the
swivel pin, and which serves also for the arch joint pin. Sections 1, 2, 3, 4,
5, 6, shews the various forms and substance of my successive wedge flukes,
and which acts as given in detail of my first description.
Figure 2 shews my traveller truss ring, and acts as given in detail of my
second description.
Figure 3 shews my swivel horn (as may be conditional applied to Porter's
swivel fluke). A, the fluke; B, my swivel horn or wedge, which throws out
the palm C, which on entering the ground B will collapse into its slot D, and
thereby offer no impediment to the fluke A in entering the ground, and as
given in detail in my third description.
Figure 4 shews at A my solid crown head shank; B shews my successive
wedge fluke in the act of entering the ground, which the red lines indicate, by
the (usual) palm of the inside arc; C to C shews my successive deep conical
wedge, extending from the back of the (usual) palm of the inside are upwards
to and connecting my right angle successive wedge or palm D of the outside
arc's extremity; E, the crown, acting by the slot guide block swivel F against
the solid slot head of the shank at G; H is a brace piece formed moveable in
the slot in the sides of the shank; I is the stock and fluke slots. The main
feature of this improved anchor consists (viz.) of obtaining more leverage and
of facilitating the tripping, biteing, or entry of the fluke into hard ground, by
the cutting action of my conical successive wedge at the back of the inside
are; and secondly, of affording a safer and better holding in loose, sandy, or
broken ground, by reason of the combined successive action of my upper right
angle wedge or palm D successively entering the ground to give additional
holding, while the scientific principle of placing the metal ensures greater
strength with the same weight of metal, comparatively with any other anchor
ever constructed, (viz.) which will at once be seen by the additional strength
gained by my solid crown head shank and deep conical successive wedge fluke,
and as given in my fourth description, and which prevent fouling.

page_text: Figure 5 shews my swivel successive conical wedge single palm fluke; B, the
fluke and palm; (b, small), the incline ridge of my conical successive wedge
extending upwards to (c, c, small), as shewn by the dotted lines, which cone
into the main body of the fluke; D, the parallel ribs of the outside are; E, the
crown; F, the swivel stud stop. stops of the fluke, and acts as given in my
fifth description.
Figure 6 shews. the stops of my collapse flukes, given in my sixth description.
Figure 7 shows my anchor solid crown head shank. A, A, the sides of the
shank; B, the fluke, with its palm taking purchase on the shank; C, C, to C,
shews my deep conical successive wedge; (b, small), the ridge of this wedge;
(D is my successive right angle wedge or palm of the outside are; E, the
crown; F, the slot guide block; G, the solid slot head of the anchor shank,
against which the fluke takes purchase; H, the brace bolt; I, I, the slot for
the stock; K, the stock, which is formed similar to railway tram iron, from
(a to a, small); the chock coupling; M, the upper brace chock; (N, the
usual shackle) to connect the cable with the anchor, and acts as given in my
seventh description.
Figure 8 shews my solid crown head shank and guide slot of my swivel double
action wedge anchor. A, the main body of the shank); (a, a, small) is the
stock end of the anchor shewn broken; (b, small) is the stock slot; (c, small) s
is that part in which the holding wedge acts; (d, small) is the brace chock,
which is welded in between the sides of the shank; (e, small) is my solid slot or
crown head, against which purchase is taken by the wedge stops; (f, small),
the fulcrum swivel pin; (g, small) is the compassed part, in which works the
holding wedge and successive tripping wedge; (h, small), the guide slot of the
wedge studs, and sometimes in lieu of applying the successive tripping wedge
inside the shank (I apply two wedges outside the shank at the saine swivel
pin F, (at f,f, small), acting against stops formed on the outside of the shank
*head.
Figure 9 shews an edge view of this shank, and is lettered the same as
Figure 8, and acts as given in my eighth and ninth descriptions.
Figures 10, 10, and 11, shew different views of my swivel double action
wedges and successive wedges, lettered the same as each other. B, the holding
wedge; C, the palm; D, D, the short successive wedges, which are shewn
applied, and not applied in detail); G, G, are support stops for the wedge to
act against the solid crown head at (e, small, dotted lines).
Figure 11 shews the support guide studs or pin at,D, D, applied to one of my
wedges without a centre slot, which acts in the slot in the shank, as before
described, and as given in my tenth and eleventh description.

page_text: Figure 12 shews my arch joint collapseing stock arms. A, the part which
works in the slot of my solid slot head; B, B, the swivel pins of the anchor
union shackles; C, C, the plain part and shoulder stops of the stock arms;
D, the mud cap; E, the cable, which is passed through F, which is my anchor
throttle ring or shackle; G, the swivel arch joint centre pin; (H, H,) the
arms; I, the dotted line, shews the joint; K, K, is my union shackles, which
are throttled together by the action of force generated in the anchors fall and
cables pull by the anchor throttle ring or shackle F; and as the anchor is
suspended by the middle shackle K by the rope M, which is rove through the
shackle, and both ends are kept on board ship, so that on looseing one end of
the rope M, the anchor will fall by its weight, and bring up the collapse stock
into the slot head of my collapse anchor shank, and the stock chain being
always taught by the drag of the ship, acts as given in my twelfth and
fourteenth descriptions of collapsing stocks.
Figure 13 shews my anchor union coupling shackles in detail, lettered the
same as Fig. 12, and as given in my thirteenth description.
Figure 14 shews in detail my anchor safety throttle ring or shackle, as given
in my fourteenth description.
Figure 15 shews my right angle anchor stock solid slot head and collapsing
stock. A is main body of the shank, shewn broken (which is of the same con-
struction as that given in my seventh description); B, the anchor collapscing
stock (which may be formed either of round or oval iron, solid or tubular), shewn
broken in section, collapsed alongside the shank; C shews my safety catch or
lock bolt applied, which prevents recoil after the stock has been adjusted;
E is an extra chain, secured in a slot in the stock by a pin seen at E; Fis
the (usual) mud ball or cap of the stock, which prevent the stock from
liberating itself; (G, G,) are pins, which secure the upper part of the shank
with the lower, being disconnected at II; I is the shackle pin; K, the (usual)
shackle, which is shewn in its ordinary position, but if practically it shall be
found better to apply it the reverse way (viz.), in a right line with the fluke,
(I shall do so). L, my extra collapse stock chain, shewn broken, and is con-
nected with the cable at L, (allowing sufficient chain for the stock to collapse,)
and to the stock at E, and the action is, (viz.) the double rope ends M being
kept on board ship, the anchor is suspended by it over the bow, there being an
equal length of cable as well as the extra stock chain L kept slack; thus it will
be seen that the one end of the rope M lashing being let go, the anchor will
fall with force by its own gravity, and will bring up into the slot head of my
shank the collapse stock, and the stock chain being always taught by the drag
of the ship on the cable, and the safety catch lock bolt C falling out of its slot,

page_text: will deny the possibility of recoil; but if it should be found necessary for addi-
tional security, a spring or eccentric bolt I apply to act in the groove marked
D; and this upper right angle solid slot head I also apply to receive my arch
joint collapseing arms stock, previously given and seen at Fig. 12, forming in
lieu of an incline, slot a long slot in the head to receive the arch joint, and
ás' shewn in detail; lettered the same as Figs. 12 and -15, and which acts as
given in my fourteenth and fifteenth-descriptions.
Figure 16 shews my conical substance and parallel bore oval, tubular arms
stock, seen by the dotted lines A, A, and sections at a, a, small, and which are
coupled by short arms, shewn in detail at (Fig. 16, A, a, a,) and as given in
detail of my sixteenth description..
Figure 17 shews in detail my anchor safety union sling hoops, as scen at I, I,
and as applied to Fig. 18,, which shews my improved reversible self-adjusting
anchor stock. A, the shank, as before given in Fig. 7; B, the reversible
stock nut or tubular boss; C, the solid cap; F, the collar or upper end of the
shank, on which the boss or nut moves from a right angle into a right line
with the fluke, which is a quarter of a circle; (G, G, coupling pins); H, H,
the arms; I, I, the sling hoops coupled by K, K, K, my anchor union shackles
(and which is throttled together by my anchor throttle ring or shackle, in the
same manner as given and shewn in Figure 12), when the anchor stock is
adjusted for use, as is. seen in the Drawing, with the three shackles,' which
are in a right line, which prevent any recoil of the stock after it has
been adjusted; by the firm contractile action of my anchor throttle ring
or shackle, when the anchor is required over the bow, the suspending
rope lashing is applied to the centre shackle D, in like manner to that
given in description of Fig. 15), and the cable will be slackened, and loosen
the grip of my anchor throttle shackle, and so consequently the arms stock
will by pressing against the side of the vessel adjust itself, being in this
position free to turn any way upon its own axis at B and F, when my two
safety self-adjusting union shackles of the arms of the stock at (b, b,) will
be, as shewn in detail, at a right angle with the centre suspending shackle,
and the force generated by the fall of the anchor will cause the stock to
turn into a right line with the centre shackle and at a right angle with the
fluke. (a, a, small) shews the stretcher bar tram iron I use to construct
my stock, to obtain additional strength (as used in Figures 7 and 12). B, the
stock reversible nut, which has a plain round holo through its centre, seen at
(b, small), which may be bushed with anti-corrosive metal for to work freely on
the round part of the shank head, shewn in detail (at B and F); at c, c, small,
shews an edge view of my improved oval short coupling stock arms,. which are

page_text: inserted in my oval tubular arms stock, (seen at Figure 16, A, A,) which I also
use to couple my tram bar iron arms by means of whelding together at L, L,
(or by keyes or bolts; to take to pieces); C is the cap; (ff, small) shews
coupling key slots. (The stock nut BI construct in halves, as shewn in detail,
lettered the same, and which admits of forming the shank head F in the solid,
which will be much stronger than any other means; the stock nut B will be
then keyed or rivetted together by the short arms (c, c, small) working in a
bareing formed in the upper part of the right angle solid stock head shank, and
acts as given in my seventeenth and eighteenth descriptions.
Figure 19 shews my safety catch lock bolt in detail; and Fig. 20, my stock
mud caps, and as given in my 19th and 20th descriptions.
And having given practically the working and means of construction of my
Invention of Certain Improvements in the Construction of and Manufacture of
Anchors, I wish it to be plainly understood that I do cover by my given claims
the whole and entire, as given in my several descriptions and Drawings, (with
this one exception, viz.,) the swivel pin, shewn in some of my anchor flukes
and shanks' lettered F, which part is old and well known in the marine as
(Mr. Porter's patent swivel pin, and which I entirely disclaim), with every part,
limb, or portion thereof, either as constructed or as a modification of the same,
where the same essential principle of action gained by my improved con-
struction shall be retained in the anchor; the shape may at any season become
fashioned variable, to suit more agreeably the taste of purchasers; and any part
or parts of my Invention I apply conditionally to anchors of old construction.
In witness whereof, I, the said Robert James Maryón, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Second day of November, in the year of
Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-four.
Witness,
GEO. DOWNING.
ROBERT JAMES MARY'ON. (L.S.)

page_text: The extended Bar A shews at 6, the centre piece welded in, 11. the stock slots, the arrows
Of the DR. W
TULU weth the sout
slot head at G, shewn Edge view, curved as shewn at side view in Fig 4. against which the Fluke works by the slot guide block, or rollers, pined in by the two Keyes, shewn in the
centre of the Flake thus the strain is transmitted from the holding arm of the Fluke, to the solid head G, and the Centre of the shank he means of the extremities of the upper arm,
the principle of compound leverage (the great or main feature of my advantage of improvement of this anchor over (M Porters or M. Trottman's of this Class) is (Viz) it will be seen from the
fact of my Anchors, working on a moveing Centre, thereby obtains more leverage, or differential leverage, as will be seen inasmuch, that by reasen of the slot the upper arm admits of trassing
close on the shank taking a mach fairer purchase thereon and giving more length of scope to the under arm which thereby becomes the longest lever, thus is obtained a better and
stronger holding incher, with the great advantage of a sure prevention of accident from Fouling, by the construction of the angular Wedae shewn at CC, which acts on the principle of suc
cession to open hard ground with more facility, D, is a curved concave Ribwhich stands at a right angle with the angular Wedge, and is a small Palm of the outside are for the better tripping of
the Anchor, and which gives more holding in loose ground and thus serves a twofold purpose, and the shank serve as a guide to theFluke.