IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE AND RE-BURNING OR RE-VIVIFYING OF BONE BLACK, AND IN APPARATUS TO BE USED THEREIN
Year: 1881

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Arthur William Lovell Reddie, of the Office for Patents,
66, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Patent Agent, for an
Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE AND RE-BURNING OR
RE-VIVIFYING OF BONE BLACK, AND IN APPARATUS TO BE USED THEREIN."
A communication from abroad by Robert Augustus Chesebrough, of the
City and State of New York, United States of America.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Arthur William Lovell Reddie
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 30th September 1881.
ARTHUR WILLIAM LOVELL REDDIE, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery
Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Patent Agent. " IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MANUFACTURE AND RE-BURNING OR REVIVIFYING OF BONE-BLACK, AND IN
APPARATUS TO BE USED THEREIN." [A communication from abroad by Robert
Augustus Chesebrough, of the City and State of New York, United States of
America.]
A common way of making and re-burning, or as it is usually called re-vivifying
bone-black, is to place the bones or bone-black to be burned or re-burned in pots,
and pile the said pots in an oven, which after the burning or re-burning has been
effected is allowed to cool preparatory to the removal of the pots. This cooling of
the oven each time the pots are to be removed, and its re-heating after re-charging
involves a considerable loss of time and a considerable waste of heat, and a corre-
sponding excessive consumption of fuel.
The object of this Invention is to effect the removal of the contents of the oven
and its recharging in a very short time, thus preventing the escape of any
considerable quantity of heat during these operations, and obviating almost
entirely the necessity of re-heating the oven after re-charging.
The Invention consists in subjecting the bone or bone-black to the burning or
re-burning operation in pots or receptacles placed on a car or carriage which runs

page_text: into and from the oven, so that it may be loaded with the said pots or receptacles
and unloaded outside of the oven.
By employing two or more of such cars or carriages for one furnace, and having
one of them loaded ready to run into the oven when another is run out, the oven
needs to be kept open but a very short time, and consequently very little heat is
lost.
The Invention also consists in the combination in an apparatus for making bone-
black of a furnace, an oven heated by said furnace, and furnished at one end with
a door or doors, and cars or carriages upon which the bone-pots may be placed, and
which may be moved into and from the oven through the said door or doors, which
are immediately closed to prevent the escape of heat from the oven.
The Invention further consists in the construction of the oven, whereby that
portion thereof which receives the wheels and all parts of the car below the platform
may be readily partitioned or shut off from the rest of the oven after the car or
carriage is in the oven, and whereby consequently the necessity for heating any
surplus space is obviated, and the portion of the oven which receives the said lower
parts of the car may be supplied with cold air for keeping the running gear of the
car or carriage cool

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Arthur William Lovell Reddie in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
28th March 1882.
ARTHUR WILLIAM LOVELL REDDIE, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery
Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Patent Agent. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MANUFACTURE AND RE-BURNING OR RE-VIVIFYING OF BONE-BLACK, AND IN
APPARATUS TO BE USED THEREIN." A communication from abroad by Robert
Augustus Chesebrough, of the City and State of New York, United States of
America.
A common way of making and reburning, or as it is usually called revivifying
bone black, is to place the bones or bone black to be burned or reburned in pots,
and pile the said pots in an oven, which after the burning or reburning has been
effected is allowed to cool preparatory to the removal of the pots. This cooling of
the oven each time the pots are to be removed, and its reheating after recharging,
involves a considerable loss of time and a considerable waste of heat, and a
corresponding excessive consumption of fuel.
The object of this Invention is to effect the removal of the contents of the oven
and its recharging in a very short time, thus preventing the escape of any
considerable quantity of heat during these operations, and obviating almost entirely
the necessity of reheating the oven after recharging.
The Invention consists in subjecting the bone or bone black to the burning or
reburning operation in pots or receptacles placed on a car or carriage which runs
into and from the oven, so that it may be loaded with the said pots or receptacles
and unloaded outside of the oven.
By employing two or more of such cars or carriages for one furnace, and having
one of them loaded ready to run into the oven when another is run out, the oven
needs to be kept open but a very short time, and consequently very little heat is
lost.
The Invention also consists in the combination in an apparatus for making bone
black of a furnace and oven heated by said furnace, and furnished at one end with
a door or doors and cars or carriages upon which the bone pots may be placed,
and which may be moved into and from the oven through the said door or doors,
which are immediately closed to prevent the escape of heat from the oven.
The Invention further consists in the construction of the oven whereby that
portion thereof which receives the wheels and all parts of the car below the
platform may be readily partitioned or shut off from the rest of the oven after the
car or carriage is in the oven, and whereby consequently the necessity for heating any
surplus space is obviated, and the portion of the oven which receives the said lower
parts of the car may be supplied with cold air for keeping the running gear of the
car or carriage cool.
In the accompanying Drawing Fig. 1 represents a vertical longitudinal section
of an oven or furnace and a car embodying the Invention, the car being represented
as loaded ready to be run into the oven; and Fig. 2 represents a transverse vertical
section of said oven and the car within it. Similar letters of reference designate
corresponding parts in all the Figures.
A designates the furnace and B the oven, both of which are shewn as constructed
of brickwork C, which is lined internally with fire brick slabs a.
In the furnace A situated at one end of the oven are the grate band fire and ash-
pit doors c and d.
D designates a wall which divides the furnace A from the oven B.
1

page_text: This wall D is constructed with numerous small holes or perforations, through
which the products of combustion enter the oven, and are widely distributed, so as
to heat all parts of the oven as nearly equally as possible.
After circulating through the oven the products of combustion pass out by the
outlet pipe or flue e to a suitable chimney.
The oven B is represented with a perforated wall D at one end only, but if found
desirable it might have at the sides also similar walls, through which the products
of combustion could pass.
In the lower part of the oven B is a depressed portion or pit B¹, the purpose of
which will be hereafter explained, and the end of the oven opposite the furnace A
is fitted with a door or doors E, which may be hinged so as to open outwards.
The car which is represented is composed simply of a platform f supported on
wheels and axles g, and said car is arranged to travel upon a rail track, which is
laid partly within and partly outside the oven, as seen in Fig. 1. Upon the
platform of the car any desired number of bone pots i may be placed in tiers, so
that the bottom of one pot serves as a cover to the pot below.
The car may be run into or out of the oven B on the track h, in connection with
which outside the oven may be one or more switches leading to side tracks.
Two or more cars are intended to be used, and while one car is in the oven
another car may be unloaded and again loaded with bone pots for a new charge.
When the contents of the bone pots have been subjected to the heat of the oven
for a sufficient length of time the doors E are opened, and the car with its load is
run out of the oven and a loaded car run in, after which the doors are closed aud
the burning at once proceeded with.
This.change.can be effected in a very few minutes and without the necessity of
any one entering the oven, and therefore there is no necessity-for-cooling-the-
oven before its contents can be removed-and-then-again-rebeating it, _as_is
necessary when the bone pots are placed in and removed from the oven by
hand.
As clearly shewn in Fig. 2, the depressed portion or pit B¹ of the oven is
narrower than the main upper portion thereof, and receives the running gear and
all parts of the car below the platform f. It is desirable to close the communication
between the portion B' and the main upper portion of the oven, both to keep the
running gear of the car comparatively cool, and also to avoid heating unnecessary
space; therefore the platform f of the car is made wide enough to extend almost
entirely across the oven from side to side, and is only enough narrower than the
oven to enable it to be moved in and out, and it extends almost the entire length
of the oven, so that the least possible amount of heated air shall escape downwards
between the edges of the platform and the walls of the oven.
To still further prevent the passage of heated air downwards past the platform
there are ledges j in the sides of the depressed portion B' of the oven, and in these
ledges are sliding gates j', which fit closely against the underside of the car
platform f, and are inserted in place after the car is run into the oven.
The side walls of the portion B' of the oven have in them ports or passages ; for
the admission of cool air to keep the space B' as cool as possible.
If desirable the sides of the oven may be banked up with earth, as indicated at
G, G, in Fig. 2, to prevent the radiation of heat outwards.
The car platform fis represented in Fig. 2 as hollow. When so made the air
therein serves to lessen the amount of heat radiated from the underside.
Having now set forth the nature of the said Invention of "Improvements in
the Manufacture and Reburning or Revivifying of Bone Black, and the Apparatus
to be Used therein," as communicated to me by my foreign correspondent, and
having explained in what manner the same may be carried into practical effect, I
wish it to be understood that I claim,-
First. As an improvement in the art of making and revivifying bone black,
subjecting the bone or bone black to the burning or reburning operation in pots or

page_text: receptacles placed in a car or carriage which runs into and from the oven, substan-
tially as and for the purpose herein set forth.
Secondly. The combination in an apparatus for making and reburning bone
black of a furnace, an oven heated by the said furnace, and cars or carriages upon
which the pots or receptacles for the bone or bone black are placed, and which are
capable of running into and from the said furnace, substantially as herein
described.
Thirdly. The combination in an apparatus for making and reburning bone black
of an oven having a depressed and narrower bottom portion, in which are passages
communicating with the external atmosphere, cars adapted to receive bone pots
and to be run into the said oven, with their running gear within such narrowed
and depressed bottom portion thereof, and shutters or slides for closing communi-
cation between the main upper portion of the oven and the said bottom portion,
substantially as herein described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Arthur William Lovell Reddie, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, the Twenty-fourth day of March, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and eighty two.
ARTHUR W. L. REDDIE. (L.S.)