IMPROVEMENTS IN POWER LOOMS FOR WEAVING, AND IN APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH.
Year: 1865

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Jamieson, of Ashton-under-Lyne, in the
County of Lancaster, Machinist, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
POWER LOOMS FOR WEAVING, AND IN APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH.

page_text: this cylinder is fixed in a vibratory frame, and acts upon a system of needles
arranged as in the ordinary jacquard loom.
My second improvement consists in the application of three, four, or more
cylinders arranged in a frame turning on an axis supported in bearings on
the vibrating frame. They are constructed as before described, each being
perforated so as to weave a different pattern of cloth. One of these cylinders
only is in action at the same time, but by simply turning the frame on its
axis a portion of a revolution one pattern cylinder is removed and another
takes its place, and thus a different pattern of cloth is produced without any
delay beyond a momentary stoppage of the loom.
My third improvement consists in a new and simplified arrangement for
actuating the double levers which carry the "knife box" and "rest plate."
Instead of connecting these double levers together by means of toothed sectors I
apply a rocking shaft, on which are two levers or arms on opposite sides of
the shaft. A connecting rod from one of these arms proceeds to the upper
double lever carrying the "knife box," and from the other arm proceeds
another connecting rod to the lower double lever carrying the "rest plate."
The effect of this arrangement is that when the upper double lever is raised
the lower one is depressed, and vice versa.
My fourth improvement consists in an improved apparatus for punching
the holes in the cylinders before mentioned. The cylinder is placed on a
fixed axis or bar, on which it is at liberty both to turn round and move
endwise. From this bar proceeds a tube, the upper end of which forms a
die. At the end of the cylinder is a toothed wheel, the number of teeth in
which corresponds to the number of shoots in the pattern to be woven.
Above the apparatus is a lever carrying a punch, the point of which acts
against the die before mentioned. By this lever and punch the holes in the
cylinder are perforated, the cylinder being turned round as required, and
when one series of holes is perforated the cylinder is slided endwise by means
of a ratchet, and another series perforated, and so on; no more holes being
perforated than what are required by the pattern in hand.
The second part of my Invention consists in the application of apparatus
for stopping the motion of the loom on the breaking of the weft. A weft
motion of the usual construction is applied. One arm of a lever is acted
upon by the setting-on rod (with which it is kept in contact by a spring).
it turns upon a fulcrum at the lower part of the loom, and has another and
shorter arm which is connected to an arm on the stop rod by a wire. On
the breaking of the weft the stop rod is by this appliance held tight; and the
shuttle is prevented either wholly or partially from boxing, and the motion

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said William Jamieson in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
10th November 1865.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
JAMIESON, of Ashton-under-Lyne, in the County of Lancaster, Machinist,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Eleventh day of May, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-five, in the twenty-eighth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said William Jamieson, Her special license that I, the said William Jamieson,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said
William Jamieson, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time
agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN POWER LOOMS FOR WEAVING, AND IN APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH,"
upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said William Jamieson,
my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my,
or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe
and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the
same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great
Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after
the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said William Jamieson, do hereby declare the
nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement and the accompanying Drawings (that is to say) :-
The first part of my improvements relates to looms for weaving figured
fabrics, for which I obtained Her Majesty's Royal Letters Patent, bearing
date the Tenth day of September, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight
bundred and fifty-seven, No. 2357, to the Specification of which I refer
for the purpose of elucidating (so far as it is applicable) my present Invention.

page_text: My first improvement consists in the application of a cylinder, the cylindrical
surface of which is formed of sheet metal. This cylindrical surface is simply
perforated with such a number and arrangement of holes as is required to
represent or form the pattern to be woven.
My second improvement consists in the application of three, four, or more
cylinders arranged in a frame turning on an axis supported in bearings on the
vibrating frame.
My third improvement consists in a new and simplified arrangement for
actuating the double levers which carry "the knife box" and "rest plate," or
the single levers and appliances used as substitutes for the same.
My fourth improvement consists in an improved apparatus for perforating
the holes in the cylinders before mentioned.
The second part of my Invention consists in the application of apparatus
for assisting the stopping of the motion of the loom on the breaking of the
weft, and is applicable to looms of the ordinary construction.
In order to make my Invention more clearly understood I have hereunto
annexed a Sheet of Drawings, to which the following description relates, and
in which the same letters or figures of reference or letters and figures conjoined
indicate the same parts of the machinery or apparatus. I would here
remark that those parts of the machinery or apparatus which are in common
use or well known or described in my Specification before mentioned are
omitted in the present Drawings and description, in order to avoid
confusion.
My first improvement will be understood from Figures 1, 2, and 3, in which
Fig. 1 represents the elevation of a headstock as seen from the front of the
loom, and Fig. 2 a side elevation of the same.
A, A, portions of two rails which are supported from the loom sides; Band B1,
two side frames or standards forming part of the headstock, and which are bolted
to the rails A, A. These standards are combined together by a cross rail at top
and support the moving parts of the apparatus; B2 and B3, two brackets bolted
to the standard B; C, C, a lever turning on the stud or centre B4. (on, the
bracket B2) as a fulcrum, it passes through the headstock by means of appertures
made for the purpose in the standards. B and Bl. The upper edge of the
lever C, C, is brought to a "knife edge" in order to take hold of the hooks,
or if the hooks are very numerous a "griffe" or "knife box" is attached to
it for that purpose. C1, C1, another lever passing also through the headstock,
and turning on the stud or centre B5 (on the bracket B3) as a fulcrum. To
this lever C1, C1, is attached a "rest plate," on which the hooks rest when

page_text: not raised by the lever C, C. The levers C, C, and C1, C1, are put in
motion in such a manner that when the lever C, C, rises the lever C1, C1, falls,
and when the lever C1, C1, rises the lever C, C, falls; this effected by
mechanism herein-after described. When the headstock is fixed in the loom
ready for work, the studs or centres B4 and B5 are immediately over the clothing
point, that is, where the cloth is produced by the action of the reed, as has been
already described in my Specification before mentioned, in respect of the double
levers. The headstock is also furnished with spring box, needles, and hooks,
as usual in such apparatus. D, D, vibrating frame, which vibrates on its
centre D1, D1, which is at liberty to turn in filbows attached to the standards B
and Bl. Motion is communicated to the vibrating frame D, D, by means of
a pin or stud and connecting rod F2, the action of which is modified by means
of the worm spring FS. The connecting rod F2 and worm spring F3 are in
connexion at their other ends with an arm F1 keyed on the axis F. This
axis F proceeds across the headstock, and is supported in filbows attached to
the standards B and B1. At the opposite end of this axis F is another arm
similar to F1, and also connecting rod and spring similar to F2 and F3, which
act on the opposite arm of the vibrating frame D, D. The lever C1, C1, has
attached at its extremity C2 a stud, by which it acts on an arm or lever (not
shewn in the Drawings) keyed on the axis F, and thus by this arrangement
motion is communicated to the vibrating frame D, D. E cylinder of thin
sheet metal, which is fixed and held betwixt the circular disc E2 and toothed
wheel E3. These several parts are fixed concentrically on the axis E1, which
is supported in filbows attached to the vibrating frame D, D. The toothed
wheel E3 has as many teeth in it as there are shoots in the pattern to be
woven, and is moved forward a tooth and retained at each shoot of the shuttle
in the usual manner. The cylinder E is perforated with holes, but only with
such a number as are necessary to produce the pattern of cloth required.
When the pattern has to be changed the cylinder E is removed and another
one introduced in its place, having the proper number and arrangement of
holes to produce cloth of the new pattern required. Fig. 3 represents
the surface of one of these cylinders as drawn out on a flat surface in
order to exhibit the mode of forming the pattern on the surface of the
cylinder. When in use in the loom the cylinder acts upon the needles in the
usual manner.
My second improvement will be understood from Figs. 4 and 5.
G, G, one of two circular frames or wheels; they carry betwixt them the four
pattern cylinders G1, G1, G1, G1, the axes of which turn in holes G2, G2, G2,
G2, in the wheel G, G, and its counter wheel. G4, G4, G4, G4, four toothed

page_text: wheels geered into each other, which are fixed on the same axis as the cylinders
G1, G1, G1, G1, these four cylinders being comprised betwixt the toothed
wheels and discs, as in the case of the cylinder E before described. The
four cylinders G1, G1, G1, G1, are perforated in a similar manner to the.
pattern cylinder E, but each so as to produce a different pattern of cloth.
G3 axis which passes through the centre of the wheel G, G, and its counter
wheel. The application of this mechanism is as follows:-The pattern
cylinder E is removed from the vibrating frame D, D, and the above com-
bination substituted in its place, the axis G3 taking the place of the axis El.
The wheel G, G, and its counter wheel are next made fast to the vibrating
frame D, D, by means of a sliding piece which enters into one of four notches
in the wheel G, G, in such a position that one of the pattern cylinders G1, G1,
G1, G1, is in its proper place to act upon the needles. When the vibrating
frame is in motion at each shoot of the shuttle the pattern cylinder which is
in operation is moved forward the space of one tooth of its toothed wheel, and
a fresh arrangement of holes is brought to act on the needles in the manner
already described. When the pattern of the cloth has to be changed for
one of those on the other pattern cylinders, the wheel G, G, and its counter
wheel are simply released from the sliding piece and turned round until the
proper pattern cylinder is brought to act on the needles, and then secured
as before described, when the operation of weaving goes on as before. It is
obvious that the four pattern cylinders contained in this arrangement are of
a smaller size than the pattern cylinder E, and are therefore calculated for
weaving patterns of a smaller size, for which purpose and the facility of
changing the pattern I prefer them. I do not confine myself to the use of
four cylinders, but use more or fewer as found convenient and advantageous.
My third improvement will be understood from Figs. 2 and 6. H, H, a
rocking shaft supported at the bearing H1 by a bracket from the loom side.
H2, an arm or lever keyed at the outside extremity of the rocking shaft H, H,
by which motion is communicated to it by a connecting rod from a crank or
eccentric at the end of the crank shaft of the loom. The other end of the
rocking shaft H, H, is supported by a bracket from the standard B1 of the
headstock, and has keyed on it at the other end a lever with two arms H3
and H5. From the arm H3 proceeds the connecting rod H4 to the lever C, C,
and from the arm H5 proceeds the connecting rod H6 to the lever C1, CI.
By this arrangement the alternate motions are communicated to the levers
C, C, and C1, C1, as has already been described, and from them are derived
the requisite movements of the other parts of the apparatus.
My fourth improvement will be understood from Figs. 7 and 8, in which

page_text: I, foundation plate, to
Fig. 7 represents a side view and Fig. 8 a plan.
which are attached the two standards 11 and 12, which are combined together
at the top by the strong cross rail 13. K, K, a strong fixed axis
supported by the standards II and 12. K1 and K2, two cross heads, which
are combined together by the two side rods K3 and K4, the whole forming
a sliding frame, which slides on the fixed axis K, K. Between the two cross
heads K1 and K2 are placed the pattern wheel Ll and disc L2, which retain
betwixt them the sheet metal cylinder L, in which is to be perforated the
holes necessary to form the pattern. These last parts are at liberty to turn
round on the axis K, K, as well as to slide along it with the sliding frame,
which is confined to its sliding motion by the strip of metal 14 (bolted to the
foundation plate I, I,) the ends of which are turned up so as to form two
arms, one of which terminates under the rail K3, and the other under the
rail K4. M, a gun, securely bolted to the cross rail 13. Through the gun
slides the punch M1; M2, a bent lever turning on a pin at the upper side of
the gun M; the shorter arm of this lever M2 is connected by a pin to the
punch M1, the longer arm of which (not shewn in the Figure) forms a handle
by means of which the punch M1 is actuated when required. N, a die or
counter punch fixed on the fixed axis K immediately under the punch M1;
the counter punch N is perforated through its whole length, which hole is
continued directly through the fixed axis K. It will be observed that the
sheet metal cylinder L is shewn in section in Fig. 7, in order to shew the
internal parts. The pattern wheel Ll has as many teeth as there are shoots
in the pattern to be woven. O, a spring, one end of which is secured to the
cross head K2, the other end forming a click, which enters betwixt the teeth
of the pattern wheel LI, which it secures, except when withdrawn for the
purpose of turning the pattern wheel. The upper side of the side rod K4 is
formed into a ratchet, into the teeth of which takes the click P, turning on
a stud on the stud plate Pl, which is bolted to the standard 12. The teeth
of this ratchet are at the same distance from each other as is required for the
circles of holes in the pattern cylinder L. The apparatus being prepared
as described, the operator punches the required number of holes in a circle
round the sheet metal cylinder L, be then lifts the click P and moves the
sliding frame a tooth backwards or forwards, and punches another system of
holes round the sheet metal cylinder L, and so on, until the requisite number
of holes to form the pattern are punched in the sheet metal cylinder L, which
is then ready to be transferred to the loom as before described, and shewn
at E, in Figs. 1 and 2.
The second part of my Invection will be understood from Fig. 9. Q, a

page_text: bracket bolted to the lowest rail of the loom side (shewn in section in the
Figure); Q1, a bent lever turning on a pin or stud on the bracket Q; Q2, a
worm spring, one end of which is attached to a plate connected to the rail
and the other end attached to the vertical arm of the bent lever Q1, which is
therefore constantly urged towards the loom side. Q3, an adjustable arm
forming a continuation of the vertical arm of the bent lever Q1; Q4, a wire
which forms a connexion betwixt the horizontal arm of the bent lever Q1 and
the finger Q5, which is fixed on the stop rod. When the apparatus is adjusted
for work, the adjustable arm Q3 is arranged to touch or press against the
geering spring or lever of the loom in such a manner that when the loom
is at work the adjustable arm of the bent lever Q1 is moved outwards from
the loom side, the worm spring Q2 distended, and the wire Q4 slackened
so as to put no extra pressure on the stop rod. But when the geering spring
is detached by the action of the weft motion the whole force of the spring Q2
acts on the wire Q4, and this again on the finger Q5 on the stop rod. By
this means a great extra pressure is brought to bear on the swells in the
shuttle boxes, which extra pressure effectually prevents the shuttle from
boxing, and the motion of the loom is immediately stopped by the arms of
the stop rod coming in contact with the frogs.
Having thus described the nature of my Invention, and the manner in
which the same is to be performed, I would have it understood that I do
not confine myself to the precise details of construction and arrangement
of the mechanism as berein described, as these may be varied; but that what
I do claim as new and of my Invention is as follows:-
First, I claim the application and adaptation of the pattern cylinder E,
which is constructed of sheet metal, and perforated simply with such a number
and arrangement of holes as are necessary to produce the pattern of cloth
required, as herein set forth and described.
Second, I claim the application and adaptation of the apparatus shewn in
Figs. 4 and 5, in which three, four, or more pattern cylinders are applied
and arranged in the apparatus so that the pattern can be changed instantly
when required, as herein set forth and described.
Third, I claim the application and adaptation of the new and simplified
mechanism shewn in Fig. 6 (and also partly in Fig. 2) for actuating the
levers C, C, and C1, C1, and the other moving parts of the headstock, as herein
set forth and described.
Fourth, I claim the machine or apparatus for punching the holes in
the metal cylinders, as shewn in Figs. 7 and 8, and herein set forth and
described.

page_text: Fifth, I claim the application and adaptation of the apparatus shewn in Fig. 9
for the purpose of assisting the stopping of the loom on the breakage of the
weft, as herein set forth and described.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Jamieson, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Ninth day of November, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-five.
Signed by the within-named
William Jamieson in the
presence of
JOHN POTTER, C.E.,
4, Old Millgate,
Manchester.
WM. JAMIESON. (L.s.)