IMPROVEMENTS IN CERTAIN MACHINES USED IN PREPARING TO BE SPUN AND IN SPINNING COTTON, WOOL, AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES
Year: 1845

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, CHARLES
POOLEY, of Chalton-upon-Medlock, in the County of Lancaster, Cotton
Spinner, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria did, by Her
Letters Patent, under the Great Seal of the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, bearing date at Westminster, the Twenty-seventh day of
March, in the eighth year of Her reign, give and grant unto me, my exors,
adñiors, and assigns, Her especial license, full power, sole privilege and
authority, that I, the said Charles Pooley, my exors, admors, and assigns,
should and lawfully might, during the term of fourteen years therein men-
tioned, make, use, exercise, and vend, within that part of Her Majesty's
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland called England, Her Dominion
of Wales, and Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, my Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS
IN CERTAIN MACHINES USED IN PREPARING TO BE SPUN AND IN SPINNING COTTON,
WOOL, AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES;" in which said Letters Patent is con-
tained a proviso that if I, the said Charles Pooley, should not particularly
describe and ascertain the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner
the same is to be performed, by an instrument in writing under my hand and
seal, and cause the same to be enrolled in Her Majesty's High Court of
Chancery within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of
the said Letters Patent, then that the said Letters Patent, and all liberties
and advantages whatsoever thereby granted, should utterly cease, determine,

page_text: and become void, as in and by the same, relation being thereunto had, will
more fully and at large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
Charles Pooley, do hereby declare that the nature of my said Invention
consists,―
First, in improvements in machines of the description called carding engines,
whereby the cotton or other fibrous substance subjected. to the operation of
carding is more expeditiously eflected, and with less waste of the substance
than by the machines of a similar description now usually constructed.
And, secondly, in an improved construction of rollers employed in the draw-
ing head of such machines; and also in other machines used in preparing to
be spun and in spinning cotton, wool, and other fibrous substances, and com-
monly called "top rollers," so that they shall have such greater degree of
elasticity than the top rollers in ordinary use as shall prevent their covers from
becoming grooved or hollowed out on the surface.
And the manner in which my said Invention is to be performed and carried
into effect is set forth and ascertained by description thereof herein-after con-
tained, having reference to the Drawings contained in One Sheet hereunto
annexed. In the Drawings the same letters of reference in the different
Figures refer to the same parts throughout. The scale to which the Figures
are drawn is marked on the Sheet of Drawings.
Figure 1 is the section of the working part of a carding engine, with my
improvements applied thereto; and Figure 2 is a front view of a part of the
same. a represents the main drum, b is the doffer, and c is a row of top
cards placed in the usual manner above the main drum. The lap of cotton
for feeding the carding engine is placed on the same side as the doffer, and
is supported by the two rollers d and e, which are made to revolve and unwind
the lap of cotton as follows:-Upon the shaft of the doffer cylinder is fixed
a cam s, seen in dotted lines, which acts upon a lever t so as to raise the
rod v, and the weight of the rod causes it to descend when liberated. On the
end of the shaft of the roller d is fixed a ratchet wheel w, and the end of the
rod is provided with a catch, which acts upon the teeth of the ratchet
wheel w, so that each time the doffer revolves the rod is lifted upwards, and
the roller d is turned part of a revolution, and communicates the same motion
to the roller e, by means of the pinions C, D, and E, indicated by red lines in
the Drawing, Figure 1, whereby the lap of cotton is unwound and de-
livered to the feed rollers f and g, by which it is delivered to the main
drum a. The feed rollers and g are worked by means of the pinion b¹ on the
doffer shaft driving the wheel m, which takes into and drives the wheel B

page_text: fixed on the feed roller. The feed roller g is driven by pinions on the ends
of the rollers fand g. The pinion 6, and wheels m and n, are indicated by
red lines in the Drawing. h and i are a series of small rollers, commencing at
a short distance under the feed roller g, passing under the main drum, and
terminating on the opposite side near to the first of the top cards, as shown in
Figure 1. Part of the rollers forming the series are what are commonly called
workers, and part of them are what are commonly called clearers; the workers
are all marked h and the clearers are all marked i.
It will be seen on examining the Drawing that the workers and clearers
are placed alternately at the early part of the series; in the next portion of
the series two workers are placed for one clearer, and at the concluding part
four workers are placed to one clearer. I have shewn the rollers and clearers
in such number, size, and arrangement as I consider to be best, but the same
may be variously modified without materially affecting the nature of my
Invention, each clearer being placed immediately after the worker with which
it is connected in the direction in which the main drum revolves. The
workers and clearers h and i are made to revolve slowly by means of two end-
less chains k, parts of one of which only are shewn in Figure 1, the inter-
mediate portion being omitted to render other parts of the Drawing more
distinct, but the position of both the chains is shewn in Figure 2. These
workers and clearers revolve in small bearings, which are bolted to segments
provided with slots marked o, fixed to the side frames of the engine in the
position as shewn by dotted lines. Upon the axis of the wheel m is fixed the
double chain wheel n, seen in dotted lines, which gives motion to the two
endless chains, and thereby drives the workers h and clearers i by means of
small spoke wheels fixed on each of the workers and clearers, one of which
only (p) is shewn in the Drawing fixed on the last clearer i. The links of
the chain act on these spoke wheels, so that as the double chain pulley
revolves, all the workers and clearers are put in motion, each alternate roller
being driven by one chain and the remainder by the other, as shewn in
Figure 2. The workers h and clearers i are covered with card fillet to the
same length as the main drum of the carding engine. After the cotton has
passed under the top cards c, it is taken off the main drum a by the carrying
roller 9. which is covered with card fillet, and by which it is conveyed to and
delivered on the doffer cylinder b. from which it is taken off or doffed by the
top edge of the comb ; the cotton then passes through a drawing head, and
falls into a can in the usual manner. The carrying roller q is driven by a
strap passing over a large pulley, fixed on the shaft of the main drum a,
and over a small pulley y on the same axis as the wheel, which takes into
22

page_text: the pinion A fixed on the shaft of the carrying roller q, which is thus driven
at a quick speed, so as to strip the cotton from the main drum more com-
pletely than when it is delivered immediately from the drum to the doffer, as is
ordinarily practised. The cotton is prevented from flying off from the carrying
roller g in its rapid revolutions by means of a trough-shaped piece of wood
placed under, and a wooden cover placed above the roller, the construction of
which any competent workman will understand, and which are shown in the
Drawing by dotted lines. I have not shewn my improved top roller in the Sheet
of Drawings, because it is so simple in its construction as to need only to be
described. I place side by side upon a spindle, having a fixed flange at one
end, a number of washers made of woollen cloth, felt, or other suitable mate-
rials, and after a sufficient number to give the required elasticity has been so
placed, I force and keep them in their positions by another flange, which is
screwed or otherwise fastened upon the spindle. Upon a roller so formed I
put an ordinary leather cover in the usual manner, and by an elastic roller
being so covered the leather on its surface does not wear into ridges or
grooves.
Having now described the nature of my Invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed, I declare that I claim as of my Invention,―
First, the combining revolving clearers, with revolving workers placed below
the plane of the axis of the drum or main cylinder, when the feeding and
doffing takes place on the same side of the drum or main cylinder; and I
also claim the application of a chain to work revolving clearers of carding
engines.
Secondly, the application of a carrying cylinder or roller q, intervening
between the main cylinder and the doffer cylinder, in such manner that the
carded fibres are transmitted from the main cylinder to the doffer cylinder by
the carrying cylinder.
Thirdly, the arrangement of apparatus herein-before described for delivering
off the lap of cotton or other fibrous substance from the lap roller.
And, fourthly, the construction of a top roller by the combination of a cover
of leather or other suitable material with a body made of washers of cloth or
other suitable substance.
In witness whereof, I, the said Charles Pooley, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Twenty-fifth day of September, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and forty-five.
CHARLES (L.S.) POOLEY.

page_text: AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the Twenty-fifth day of September,
in the year of our Lord 1845, the aforesaid Charles Pooley came before our
said Lady the Queen in Her Chancery, and acknowledged the Specification
aforesaid, and all and every thing therein contained and specified, in form
above written. And also the Specification aforesaid was stamped according
to the tenor of the Statute made for that purpose.
Enrolled the Twenty-seventh day of September, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and forty-five.