matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
COMBINED COLOR BOX AND PALETTE
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Ralph Spear at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 1st July 1880. A communication from
abroad by the Firm of Spear and Bergmann, of Sonneberg, in the Empire of
Germany.
"AN IMPROVED
RALPH SPEAR, of North Buildings, in the City of London.
COMBINED COLOR BOX AND PALETTE." [A communication from abroad by the
Firm of Spear and Bergmann, of Sonneberg, in the Empire of Germany.]
The Invention communicated to inc relates to the construction of a combined
color box and palette.
In carrying out the Invention I employ a rectangular shaped slab of suitable
material, such as wood, in which is made a number of countersinks or depressions,
preferably circular in form, and in each of which may be placed a saucer of metal
or other suitable material, such as porcelain or glass, such saucers serving to contain
the colors. Recesses are also made to receive brushes.
To one side of the said wooden slab I hinge the lid, which is made of metal, and ·
enamelled, so as when open to serve as a palette; and to the other side of the slab
I hinge a handle provided with an elliptical hole through which to pass the thumb
as in an ordinary palette; the outer end of this handle is formed or provided with
a clip or catch, so that when the lid is shut down the said handle may be closed
over the lid, and the hereinbefore described catch on the handle will take over a
projection on the back of the lid and securely close the apparatus.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Hindle and George
Greenwood at the Office of the Cominissioners of Patents on the 9th
September 1880.
RICHARD HINDLE, Mill Manager, and GEORGE GREENWOOD, Mechanic, both of
Blackburn, in the County of Lancaster. "IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR
WEAVING."
This Invention relates to improvements in mechanism for regulating the "letting
off" the warp from the beam, for adjusting and determining the degree of tension
in the warp during the letting off, and for facilitating "letting back or slacking
the warp when requisite.
"
According to this our Invention the weight rope at each end of the beam is
attached to one end of a L or cranked lever, having its fulcrum on a stud fixed
in the cross rail of the loom; to the other end of each of the said L levers is
attached a rod having expansion and contraction by means of a spring, the other
ends of the said rods having screw adjustment, and being connected with a lever
which, by connecting link and hand lever, is the means by which the amount of
tension put upon the warp is regulated, there being a catch and rack for securing
the hand lever in its predetermined position.
The action of the apparatus is as follows:-
The attendant on the loom in using the hand lever causes the intervening lever
and spring connecting rods to act equally on the L levers and weight ropes, thereby
putting as much drag on the ropes and neck or ruffles of the beam as required, and
so in the letting off, the catch being raised out of the rack and the hand lever
eased, at once removes the tension from the spring levers and weighting ropes, and
the beam is free to turn back.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF PISTONS
Year: 1880

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Walter Lawson, of Heathcock Court, Strand, London,
in the County of Middlesex, for an Invention of "AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE
CONSTRUCTION OF PISTONS."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Walter Lawson at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 14th January 1880.
WALTER LAWSON, of Heathcock Court, Strand, London, in the County of
Middlesex. AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF PISTONS."
"
This Invention relates to an improvement in the construction of pistons whereby
packing or coverings of any kind may be dispensed with.
For this purpose I propose to construct a piston so that instead of preventing a
solid unyielding periphery to contact with the inner surfaces of the cylinder in
which it is to work, it will be in contact therewith by a thin yielding periphery
crenting always a perfect vacuum.
This thin periphery may be of more or less depth according to circumstances; for
example, it may be formed by making a circular groove in the bottom of a solid
piston extending to a depth of, say, one half of the thickness of the piston, or the
form of the piston may be that of an inverted cup or bell, the edge and sides of this
cup or bell being made to a certain depth of only such a thickness as will permit
this part to expand and contract when working within the cylinder to suit
differences of diameter, and always secure a perfect vacuum therein.
I may form my expanding and contracting piston out of the solid or build it in
any way, securing the piston rod thereto in any convenient manner, and my thin
yielding periphery may be equally well applied to double as to single pistons.
I find vulcanite very suitable for the construction of my improved piston, and
particularly for pistons of medical apparatuses, in which ordinary packings or
coverings rapidly deteriorate.
It will however be understood that I propose to use any suitable metal or material
for the construction of my improved piston and yielding periphery, and to apply
this expanding and contracting piston to cylinders of steam engines and all machines
and apparatuses for which it may be found applicable, with the object of dispensing
with leather or other coverings or packings and of securing a constantly perfect
vacuum in working in its cylinder.

page_text: The use of a piston with a flexible periphery or peripheries, substantially as and
for the purposes herein before specified.
In witness whereof, I, the said Walter Lawson, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this Eighth day of July, in the year of our Lord One thousand
eight hundred and eighty.
WALTER LAWSON. (L.S.)
IMPROVEMENTS IN TEAPOTS AND OTHER SIMILAR VESSELS
Year: 1880

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Henry Andrew, of Sheffield, in the County of
York, for an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN TEAPOTS AND OTHER SIMILAR
VESSELS."
(Void by reason of the Patentee having neglected to file a Specification in
pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Henry Andrew at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 19th November 1880.
WILLIAM HENRY ANDREW, of Sheffield, in the County of York.
IN TEAPOTS AND OTHER SIMILAR VESSELS."
"IMPROVEMENTS
The first part of my Invention relates to improvements in the means of stirring
or otherwise agitating the contents of teapots and other similar closed vessels for
the purpose of accelerating the process of mashing, and to more thoroughly effect
the infusion of the tea or other substance without raising the lid of the vessel, thus
preventing the loss of heat which must take place when the lid is raised for the
purpose of stirring the contents with a spoon. In carrying out the first part of my
Invention as applied to a teapot, for example, instead of the knob or similar con-
trivance on the lid being secured by a screw and nut so as to make it stationary,
I construct the lid with a centre hole or short tubular bearing for the shank of the
knob to fit into, and so that it may be easily rotated by the fingers. To the inner-
end of the said shank I attach a pendulous stirrer of any suitable shape and
reaching nearly to the bottom of the teapot or vessel. On turning the knob round
the stirrer revolves and stirs up the contents, thus accelerating the process of
mashing. The stirrer may be introduced into the interior of the teapot or vessel
at any other convenient place, such as through the upper part of the handle.
In place of the stirrer a receptacle for the tea or other substance may be sus-
pended and made to revolve by turning the knob, as before described, and for the
same purpose.
The stirrer or receptacle may be caused to revolve by means of a spring or other
simple mechanical contrivance. The stirrer may also be made to work vertically

page_text: instead of with a rotary motion; but in any modification of my Invention the
contents of the vessel are closed up so that the heat may not escape during the
operation of stirring.
The second part of my Invention relates to a method of reheating the contents
of teapots or similar vessels; and I accomplish this object by introducing into the
body of the teapot or other vessel a vessel of any suitable shape containing hot
liquid or other heating substance, suspending it on the shank of the knob so that
it may be turned or rotated and transmit its heat to the contents of the teapot or
vessels.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF METAL HURDLES, FENCING, AND GATES
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel Bayliss at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 3rd September 1880.
SAMUEL BAYLISS, of the Firm of Bayliss, Jones, and Bayliss, of Wolverhampton,
in the County of Stafford, Iron Fencing Manufacturers. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
CONSTRUCTION OF METAL HURDLES, FENCING, AND GATES."
This Invention relates to a novel method of fixing the horizontal bars of metal
hurdles, fencing, and gates to the uprights, and the vertical bars of vertical-bar
hurdles, fencing, and gates to the horizontals.
I will first describe my Invention as it relates to hurdles and fencing in which
the bars are horizontal, after which its application to vertical-bar hurdles and
fencing, and to gates will be readily understood.
The uprights are formed of H- or T-iron or steel, or other section of iron or steel
the edges of which can be turned in, as hereinafter described. When Hor T-iron
is used each hole to receive a bar is punched through the web. The bar is
notched, or indented, or otherwise operated upon, so as to form shoulders on each
side of the web, and the flanges of the upright are bent round so that the edges of
the said flanges bear tightly against the shoulders in or on the bar, and thus make
a firm joint between the upright and the bar without the necessity for riveting.
There are two shoulders in or ou the bar to each joint in the case of a T-iron
upright, but there may be 4 when H-iron is used. Of course the ends of the
bars must project somewhat beyond an outside upright so as to leave sufficient
metal beyond the shoulder.
In the case of vertical-bar hurdles and fencing, the horizontals must be of a
corresponding section to those before referred to for the uprights, in which case the
method of fixing the vertical bars to the horizontals corresponds to the method
hereinbefore described for fixing the horizontal bars to the uprights, and does not
therefore require detailed description.
The method also of fixing the bars to the uprights, or to the horizontals, of
gates, corresponds to the method herein before described of fixing the bars in the
case of hurdles and fencing, and does not therefore require detailed description.
A NEW OR IMPROVED METALLIC ALLOY.
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John McLcownan MoMurtrie at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 15th July 1880.
JOHN MCLEOWNAN MOMURTRIE, of the Firm of Messieurs John C. Wilson and
Company, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North Britain, Brass Founders.
"A NEW OR IMPROVED METALLIC ALLOY.".
This Invention relates to the production of a metallic alloy intended to be used
as bell metal, and as an inexpensive substitute for silver and nickel, or electro-plated
metals, when these are at present employed in the manufacture of ship fittings,
harness fittings, taps, cocks, and other articles or mountings, which being readily
tarnished have not heen hitherto made with advantage from base metals.
Articles produced from the new or improved alloy are capable of being brilliantly
polished to resemble silver or nickel, and being made solid, the polished surface is
not liable to be worn out through time, as is the case with plated goods, but the
brilliancy can always be restored by simple cleaning or polishing.
The Invention consists essentially in producing the new or improved alloy by
combining together certain proportions of copper, zinc, and nickel, with or without
the addition of a small percentage of lead, by means of an improved treatment or
manipulation admitting of the ingredients being melted together and cast into
moulds, and which with similar alloys, as regards the casting particularly, has
hitherto been found unsatisfactory.
The new or improved alloy may be made in different qualities by melting and
admixture of from 45 to 60 parts by weight of refined copper, 20 to 30 parts of
zinc, and 18 to 25 parts of nickel, with the addition of 2 or 3 parts of lead if
desired, when the articles produced are to be turned. The proportions of the
ingredients named may be varied within these limits, according to the purity of
the metals used, and the color or quality of the alloy to be produced. But for
the production of a superior metallic alloy, I have found experimentally the
following proportions to be very suitable, namely, of copper about 50 per centum
by weight, of zinc 28 per centum, or thereby, of nickel about 20 per centum, and of
lead about 2 per centum, and when the lead is preferably omitted, a small addition
may be made to the percentage of copper and zinc.
In the process or treatment necessary for casting the alloy, the copper and nickel,
in the proportions mentioned, are melted together in a crucible to combine them,

page_text: and the temperature is allowed to fall. When the zinc, or zinc and lead, are added
in a cold state, with a small quantity of potash, soda, and borax, the whole being
covered with finely powdered charcoal, the temperature of the mixture is then
rapidly raised and the whole well stirred, then skimmed and immediately cast into
the moulds to the desired forms; or the alloy may be cast into ingots for subsequent
use, in which case a suitable percentage of zinc is added to make allowance for
waste of this metal in remelting.
IMPROVED MEANS AND APPARATUS FOR RIVETTING SHIPS AND OTHER PLATED STRUCTURES."
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Ralph Hart Tweddell at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 7th May 1880.
RALPH HART TWEDDELL, of Delahay Street, Westminster, in the County of
Middlesex. "IMPROVED MEANS AND APPARATUS FOR RIVETTING SHIPS AND
OTHER PLATED STRUCTURES."
In many cases it is difficult to apply tools of ordinary construction worked by
fluid pressure or otherwise for the purpose of rivetting structures such as the hulls
of vessels, iron bridges, and the like.
My Invention relates to means of conveniently communicating and applying
power in such cases, which I effect in the following manner :-By means of a steam
engine or other suitable motor, which may be stationary I work, a dynamo-electric
or magneto-electric machine of any known construction so as to produce electricity. I
conduct the electricity so produced by suitable conductors to the place where the
rivetting has to be effected, and I apply it there to work a stationary or portable
electro-dynamic machine, which puts in motion a spring hammer, causing it to
make a series of rapidly succeeding blows upon a rivet. The machine if necessary
may work two or more hammers, these being guided so that the blows may be
directed on various points and at various angles. In some cases I mount the
dynamo-electric machine on a frame similar to those used for steam or hydraulic
rivetters, providing means for working hammers at either side or at both sides of
the rivetted work. By substituting for the hammer a caulking tool the machine
may be applied for caulking, or the spindle of the dynamo-machine may be fitted
with a drill, broach, or rimer for drilling, countersinking or broaching the rivet
holes, or with a revolving cutter or emery wheel for dressing off rivets.
Machines as above described may in many cases be conveniently used in
conjunction with hydraulic machines of known kind for. rivetting, punching,
shearing, and the like; and the electricity may be applied to work the valves of
such machines by exciting electro-magnets attached to them, so as to work
armatures connected to their valves. In many cases the pipes employed for the
communication of hydraulic pressure, and the wire ropes used for suspending
machines, may be utilised as conductors of the electricity for machines such as are
described above, or for working the valves of hydraulic machines.
AN IMPROVED COMPOSITION OR MIXTURE FOR PREVENTING INCRUSTATION IN BOILERS."
Year: 1880

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Abraham Jay, of Kingswood Hill, near Bristol, for an
Invention of "AN IMPROVED COMPOSITION OR MIXTURE FOR PREVENTING
INCRUSTATION IN BOILERS."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Abraham Jay at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 3rd December 1880.
"AN IMPROVED COMPOSITION
OR MIXTURE FOR PREVENTING INCRUSTATION IN BOILERS."
ABRAHAM JAY, of Kingswood Hill, near Bristol.
The object of my Invention is to manufacture a composition or mixture for
preventing incrustation in steam or other boilers.
My improved composition or mixture for this purpose is formed of leather
(reduced to small pieces or powder), treacle, and an alkali, such, for example, as
caustic soda, which ingredients I mix together in hot water. I do not limit myself
to any particular proportions of the above ingredients, but I consider that the
following will answer well, viz. :-Leather 14 parts, treacle 4 parts, and alkali 70
parts.
My composition or mixture is added to the feed water or poured into the
boiler.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Abraham Jay in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 3rd June
1881.
ABRAHAM JAY, of Kingswood Hill, near Bristol.
"AN IMPROVED COMPOSITION
OR MIXTURE FOR PREVENTING INCRUSTATION IN BOILERS."
The object of my Invention is to manufacture a composition or mixture for
preventing incrustation in steam or other boilers.
My improved composition or mixture for this purpose is formed of leather
(reduced to small pieces or powder), treacle, and an alkali, such, for example, as
caustic soda, which ingredients I mix together in hot water. I do not limit myself
to any particular proportions of the above ingredients, but I have found the
following to answer best, viz. :-Leather 14 parts, treacle 4 parts, and alkali 70)
parts by weight.
My composition or mixture is added to the feed water or poured into the
boiler.
In witness whereof, I, the said Abraham Jay, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this Second day of June, One thousand eight hundred and eighty
one.
ABRAHAM JAY. (L.S.)
IMPROVEMENTS IN TRAPS FOR CATCHING RATS, MICE, OR OTHER VERMIN.
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Burridge at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 23rd June 1880.
JOSEPH BURRIDGE, of Great Portland Street, in the County of Middlesex,
Gentleman. "IMPROVEMENTS IN TRAPS FOR CATCHING RATS, MICE, OR OTHER
VERMIN.".
This Invention relates to improvements in traps for catching rats, mice, or other
vermin, the object of tho Invention being to produce a portable, cheap, durable,
and effective self acting trap which will immediately re-set itself after action in
entrapping any of the animals it is constructed to catch.
The trap is preferably constructed of metal, and is made in the form of a box or
receptacle of a suitable shape and sizo for detaining the rat, mouse, or other animal
when once caught, and it is provided with a grated, close, or other doorway or
outlet through which it can be released for destruction. The trap has preferably
inclined (or other shaped) sides up which the animals can easily get or ascend, and
the receptacle depends from its summit as a pit or well, and near to but (preferably) not
quite at its top is provided with a balanced or false floor, on, or on a part of, or suspended
above which the tempting morsel, such as a piece of cheese, as a bait is placed in
such a position as regards its distance from the sides as that it cannot be reached
therefrom by the animal, necessitating that the rat (for instance) should step down
on to the apparently safe floor, which failing to give the rat the support it needs
precipitates the rat into the trap and again immediately closes above it, thus cutting
off all exit, thus automatically re-setting itself ready to accord a similar fate to the
next adventurous rat, mouse, or other vermin.
A NEW OR IMPROVED MODE OF PREPARING OR TREATING PAPER OR OTHER MATERIALS FOR PREVENTING THE FRAUDULENT ALTERATION OF MATTER WRITTEN OR PRINTED THEREON
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alexander Annandale at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 20th March 1880.
ALEXANDER ANNANDALE, of Beltonford Paper Works, Dunbar, in the County of
Haddington, North Britain. "A NEW OR IMPROVED MODE OF PREPARING OR
TREATING PAPER OR OTHER MATERIALS FOR PREVENTING THE FRAUDULENT
ALTERATION OF MATTER WRITTEN OR PRINTED THEREON."
The said Invention relates to a new or improved mode of preparing or treating
paper or other materials for preventing the fraudulent alteration of matter written
or printed thereon, and consists in printing upon or covering or mottling the said
paper or other materials with a pattern or ground work or substratum of one or
more aniline or other like suitable sensitive colours, whereby, when the said
pattern or groundwork is written or printed over, the writing or printing cannot be
removed without such injury or destruction of the said colours as would render at
once apparent the alteration, thereby preventing fraud by alteration.
IMPROVEMENTS IN STEADYING FLOATS FOR USE ON BOARD SHIPS AND OTHER BOATS, AND WHICH CAN BE USED AS LIFE SAVING APPARATUS IN EMERGENCY
Year: 1880

page_text: "
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Reginald Grahame and Charles
Eugene Augustus Baloche at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on
the 23rd August 1880.
REGINALD GRAHAME, of New Malden, Engineer, and CHARLES EUGENE AUGUSTUS
BALOCHE, of 13, Gaywood Street, Southwark, both in the County of Surrey.
IMPROVEMENTS IN STEADYING FLOATS FOR USE ON BOARD SHIPS AND OTHER
BOATS, AND WHICH CAN BE USED AS LIFE SAVING APPARATUS IN EMERGENCY."
This Invention has for its object the prevention of a boat capsizing at sea or on
any water, and consists of long tubes of hollow wood or other buoyant material of
equal length, which are fitted at each end with hollow globes of either india rubber,
gutta percha, oiled silk, or other waterproofing, and which can be inflated by a
man's breath in a few seconds; these floats are not fixtures to the boat, but are
placed accross the same at any time when required. The inflated balls at each end
keep the boat from heeling over when it shows a tendency to lurch; the balls are
of equal weight and carried out of the water, and continually keep the boat in its
proper position. When the boats cannot be used the floats are still of use, as two
or more pairs carried will act as a raft and sustain many people without much
effort. The hollow cylinders can be either made in one piece, two forming a pair,
or in two or more parts, an ordinary metallic joint being used. When not required
for use the balls can be disinflated and the tubes laid in the bottom of the boat.
A small metal hinged staple is used, fitted on to the thwarts of the boats on each side,
through which to pass the tubes. The tubes by being placed upright in the boat;
may (if there is any wind) be used for the purpose of masts for sails.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPLIANCES OR APPARATUS FOR SECURING AND SUPPORTING THE JOINTS AND OTHER PORTIONS OF THE RAILS OF RAILWAYS AND TRAMWAYS
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Davison at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 16th March 1880.
JAMES DAVISON, of Wombwell, in the County of York, Engineer. "IMPROVEMENTS
IN APPLIANCES OR APPARATUS FOR SECURING AND SUPPORTING THE JOINTS AND
OTHER PORTIONS OF THE RAILS OF RAILWAYS AND TRAMWAYS."
This Invention relates to improvements in appliances or apparatus for securing
and supporting the joints and other portions of the rails of railways and tramways.
This Invention consists of the employment of a pair of plates used similarly
to a pair of fish plates, the said plates fitting between the head and base of the
rail in the ordinary manner, but being continued under the base of the rail, and
being so constructed as that the said plates interlock or project the one into the
other under the base of the rail for the purpose of giving greater security and
stiffness to the joint, and taking the strain off the fish bolts. In carrying my
Invention into effect a pair of my improved plates can be used exactly in the same
manner as a pair of ordinary fish plates, the joint of the rails being between the
chairs, the said plates interlocking the one into the other as above described.
A modification of the above described apparatus, which is a fish plate and chair
combined, in which each of the improved plates aforesaid is formed with or connected
to a flange, which will rest directly on an ordinary sleeper or on a base plate on a
sleeper, each plate or jaw of the said chair being interlocked under the base of
the rail as firstly described. The improved plates or plates and chair combined can
be made of malleable or wrought iron or steel, or of cast iron or cast steel.
NEW OR IMPROVED FITTINGS FOR BATHS, ALSO APPLICABLE TO OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John McLeownan McMurtrie at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 1st May 1880.
JOHN MCLEOWNAN MCMURTRIE, of the Firm of Messieurs John C. Wilson and
Company, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North Britain, Brass Founders.
"NEW OR IMPROVED FITTINGS FOR BATHS, ALSO APPLICABLE TO OTHER PURPOSES."
This Invention relates to certain improvements in the fittings of spray and
douche baths, to object of which is to reduce the duplication and cost of such by
combining together in a simple arrangement of fittings, which can be easily
manipulated, the means of obtaining at pleasure either the solid jet of the douclie
or wave, or the divided and scattered jets of the spray bath.
The improvements consist essentially in forming the perforated front plate of
the usual construction of universal or ball jointed spray rose used in spray baths
with a large circular, oval, or rectangular orifice, preferably in the centre, directly
opposite the water supply pipe, and in fitting thereto a perforated cover or cap
which by one simple modification is screwed on or into a screwed rim, suitably
thickened to afford a hold, formed round the circular orifice.
When this perforated cap is screwed on to cover the orifice in the perforated plate
of the rose, the fitting is ready for use for a spray bath by turning on the usual
cock or tap or opening the valve for the admission of the water to the interior of
the rose, but when a douche bath is desired the cap is simply unscrewed by hand
and a solid jet of water then issues from the central orifice, the cap being re-applied
after use.
Instead of using a screwed cap for covering the central orifice used for the douche
jet, a sliding or hinged plate may be employed and fitted or attached to the
perforated plate of the rose, and be made capable of being easily closed by hand
and held by catches, in position over the orifice or douche opening when the spray
bath is to be used, or otherwise a swivelling plate held by a pin at the side of the
douche orifice may be fitted either in front of or inside the rose plate to be readily
moved off or over the orifice by the hand, and when over the orifice would be held
in position either by a catch or simply by its own weight or by the pressure of the
water against it. In every case however the covering plate is perforated so as to
offer no obstruction when the rose is used for a spray bath.
The improvements are also applicable to the roses or nozzle fittings of fire or
garden hose and other similar water pipes, in which a movable perforated cap
would be fitted over the nozzle for the solid water jet when desired to obtain the
divided spray from the rose.
IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM ROAD ROLLERS AND TRACTION ENGINES OR ROAD LOCOMOTIVES
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Green and John Thyne at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 24th Juno 1880.
THOMAS GREEN and JOHN THYNE, both of the Smithfield Iron Works, Leeds, in
the County of York. "IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM ROAD ROLLERS AND TRACTION
ENGINES OR ROAD LOCOMOTIVES."
This Invention has for its object improvements in steam road rollers and traction
engines or road locomotives.
In order to connect the fore end of the boiler of a road locomotive traction
engine or road locomotive with the front rollers or wheels from which it is
supported, wo fix to the under side of the boiler a bracket projecting to the front
and having a socket formed in it. The socket receives a vertical spindle having a
collar upon it which bears upon the lower end of the socket. Below the collar
there is a duplex nuckle like joint with a joint pin connecting the spindle with the
centre of a bridge piece or fork which spans a pair of supporting rollers or wheels,
and has bearings formed at its extremities in which the fore axle is held. Brackets
from the ends of the fork arms carry scrapers at the back of the rollers or wheels,
and front scrapers are also attached to the portion of the bridge piece or fork which
extends over the rollers or wheels.
This arrangement affords an efficient and ready means whereby the rollers or
wheels are enabled to adapt themselves to the inequalities or convexity of roads
without altering the position of the boiler, and are rendered capable of being
controlled by steering mechanism.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CIGAR AND CIGARETTE HOLDERS
Year: 1880

page_text: "1
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Johan Wynand Jennes and Julius
Schopper at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 21st April
1880. A communication from abroad by Louis Schopper, of Vienna, in the
Empire of Austria.
JOHAN WYNAND JENNES and JULIUS SCHOPPER, of the City of London.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CIGAR AND CIGARETTE HOLDERS." A communication from
abroad by Louis Schopper, of Vienna, in the Empire of Austria.
This Invention relates to improvements in the construction of cigar and cigarette
holders, and consists in the application and use of paper dipped in or smeared with
guin or other adhesive substance and wound round itself in several folds until of a
sufficient consistency so as to form a cigar or cigarette holder, which may be either of a
straight, tapered, conical form, or turned up at the end pipe fashion, as desired.
A quill or other suitable mouth stem is inserted into the narrow end of the holder
and secured thereat by being wound upon by the paper folds during the con-
struction of the holder, the whole when dried forming a neat and strong cigar or
cigarette holder of cheap and simple construction.
The outside fold of this holder may be colored, stamped, or otherwise ornamented
at pleasure.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE LOCK MECHANISM OF GUNS, RIFLES, PISTOLS, REVOLVERS, AND OTHER FIREARMS
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Woodward and Thomas
Woodward, the younger, at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents
on the 21st June 1880.
THOMAS WOODWARD and THOMAS WOODWARD, the younger, both of 10,
Steelhouse Lane, Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Gun Makers.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE LOCK MECHANISM OF GUNS, RIFLES, PISTOLS, REVOLVERS,
AND OTHER FIREARMS."
Our Invention relates to an improvement in the lock mechanism of guns, rifles,
pistols, and other fire arms, by means of which they are raised into the position of
full cock automatically, and rendered safe while in that position.
To throw or push the hammer or tumbler into full cock we use a mainspring, of
which the stand side is extended so as to play upon or come in contact with an
arm or extension of the tumbler or hammer left on for that purpose. The stand
side of the main spring is controlled or kept in position by a moveable stud, cam,
lever, or eccentric, which may be operated or worked automatically on the opening
or closing of the gun, or be extended through the gun, rifle, or pistol in any
direction, and a small lever attached thereto, by means of which it may be worked
at will.
The said lever, cam, or eccentric when in its normal position closes the spring,
thereby allowing the hammer to fall when the trigger is pulled in the usual
manner. When turned or moved it allows the spring to expand, which bearing
on the hammer or tumbler directly as before described, or through the intervention
of a lever, forces it back to full cock.
The spring must then be compressed by turning or moving the said cam, lever,
or eccentric back into its normal position either automatically on closing the gun,
or at will when the lock will be ready for firing in the ordinary manner.
Until the stud, cam, lever, &c., is turned or moved into its normal position no
accidental discharge of the gun, rifle, or pistol can take place, as the main spring
is pushing the hammer up. instead of down, thereby rendering the gun, rifle, or
pistol, &c., extremely safe.
The second part of our Invention consists of an improvement in the lock
mechanism described in Letters Patent, No. 651, Feby. 1876, granted to Thomas

page_text: In this part of our Invention we extend the scear or hook (which holds the
hammer or plunger at full cock) forward, so that it can be provided with a second
hook or catch, which supposing the hammer or plunger is accidentally jarred, or
slips off the usual bent or scear hook, it is caught by the second scear or hook
before it reaches the cap or striker, thereby preventing the accidental discharge of
the gun.
IMPROVEMENTS IN STAYS AND Condnm
Year: 1880

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Elizabeth Ann Allibert, of 46, Brompton Square, in the
County of Middlesex, for an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN STAYS AND
Condnm
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Elizabeth Ann Allibert at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 13th October 1880.
ELIZABETH ANN ALLIBERT, of 46, Brompton Square, in the County of Middlesex.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN STAYS OR CORSETS."
The object of my Invention is to produce stays or corsets capable of supporting
the figure of the wearer. The Invention consists in making a stay or corset very
deep in front & very deep at the back, and short at the sides, so as to leave the
hips uncovered. To the deep front and back pieces I attach bands or belts of cloth
which extend and pass from back and front to the sides, and are drawn together
over the hips by laces or other convenient appliances. The belts or bands being
detached from the sides of the stay or corset give great freedom to the hips &
allow the figure to be braced up and supported without the stay or corset becoming
puckered, which is commonly the case in all other belted corsets.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Elizabeth Ann Allibert in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
29th March 1881.
ELIZABETH ANN ALLIBERT, of 46, Brompton Square, in the County of Middlesex.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN STAYS OR CORSETS."
This Invention has for its object improvements in stays or corsets. My Invention
consists in making a stay or corset very deep in front and back, and short at the
sides, so as to leave the hips uncovered. To the back and front busk pieces I
attach bands or belts of cloth which extend and pass from back and front to the
sides, and are drawn together over the hips by laces or other convenient appliances.
The belts or bands being detached from the sides of the corset give greater freedom
to the hips and allow the figure to be braced up and supported without the corset
becoming puckered, which is commonly the case with all other belted corsets.
Instead of the bands or belts being connected on the hips by laces they may be
jointed together in one piece, the centre portion being of strong elastic webbing.
In witness whereof, I, the said Elizabeth Ann Allibert, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Twenty-fifth day of March, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and eighty-one.
ELIZABETH ANN ALLIBERI. (L.S.)
IMPROVED ARRANGEMENTS TO BE APPLIED TO BIB, BALL, FLOAT, AND OTHER VALVES TO FACILITATE THE ACTION THEREOF
Year: 1880

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Ephraim Smith, of 4, Carlisle Street, Soho, in the
County of Middlesex, for an Invention of "IMPROVED ARRANGEMENTS TO BE
APPLIED TO BIB, BALL, FLOAT, AND OTHER VALVES TO FACILITATE THE
ACTION THEREOF."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Ephraim Smith at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 18th August 1880.
EPHRAIM SMITH, of 4, Carlisle Street, Soho, in the County of Middlesex.
"IMPROVED ARRANGEMENTS TO BE APPLIED TO BIB, BALL, FLOAT, AND OTHER
VALVES TO FACILITATE THE ACTION THEREOF."
The object of my Invention consists in applying to bib, ball, float, and other
valves, means whereby I overcome the jar and concussion in cocks or valves, and
the danger of bursting pipes.
In carrying out my Invention, I adopt mainly the following arrangements, taking
as example a ball cock:-
The valve is fitted in the ordinary way, and rests on the seat, the pressure of the
water retaining it in position. Under the valve and fitted in the water way is a
cam mounted on a spindle free to move. To this spindle the arm carrying the ball
is attached, or the means of carrying the ball.
When the ball falls, the cam gradually opens the valve; and in rising, same
is gradually closed, and thus by the cam action the concussion and jar is
overcome.
To other kinds of valves or cocks, it is evident the cam can be applied.

page_text: or cam surface or surfaces, applied in the construction of cocks or taps, as a means
of giving gradual motion to the valve, and obviating the jar due to the sudden
release or stoppage of the flow. of liquids, and thereby facilitating the action
of the cock or tap, substantially as hereinbefore described and illustrated by the
5 accompanying Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said Ephraim Smith, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this Sixteenth day of February, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and eighty one.
0 Witness,
W. HILLIER,
Clerk to Inventors' Patentright Ass"., Ld.,
21, Cockspur St.,
London, S.W.
EPH“. SMITH. (L.S.)
IMPROVED APPLIANCES TO BE USED FOR PREVENTING FRAUDULENT ALTERATIONS BEING MADE IN CHEQUES AND SUCH LIKE
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Sydney Simmons at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 2nd June 1880.
SYDNEY SIMMONS, of 86, St. Augustine Road, Camden Square, in the County of
Middlesex. "IMPROVED APPLIANCES TO BE USED FOR PREVENTING FRAUDULENT
ALTERATIONS BEING MADE IN CHEQUES AND SUCH LIKE."
The object of this Invention is mainly to provide means for preventing
fraudulent alterations being made in the written parts of cheques and such like
documents. This I effect by embossing, and it may be also slightly perforating
with numerous points or short lines, that portion of a cheque upon which the sum
for which the check is drawn has been written. This does not obliterate or
materially alter the appearance of any writing that is then upon the cheque, but
renders it practically impossible to add any further writing or to alter what had
already been written. In order thus to stamp or emboss that part of a cheque
upon which it is desired that no further words or letters should be written, I
employ a lever or other press by means of which a stamp can be pressed down-
wards on to the cheque. The face of the stamp has upon it numerous small points
set close together, or numerous short lines inclined in various directions, or
combinations of short lines and points. Below the stamp is a fixed bed of leather
or such like substance, upon which the cheque rests when it is to be submitted to
the action of the stamp. When the stamp is pressed downwards the points or lines
on its under surface emboss, and it may be, also to some extent, perforate the
paper upon which the cheque is printed, the leather or such like bed yielding and
allowing the projecting points or lines to embed themselves in it. One end of the
stamp may be formed to emboss on to the cheque the initial letters or the monogram
of the person or firm by whom the cheque is drawn. This same stamp could then
be used for obliterating postage stamps, and for such like purposes.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF HEATING AND ILLUMINATING GASES, IN THE APPARATUS TO BE USED IN SUCH MANUFACTURE, AND IN THE MEANS EMPLOYED FOR THE INCANDESCENCE OF THE SAID GASES
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Alfred Stephan at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 10th September 1890.
JOHN ALFRED STEPIAN, of Worcester, in the County of Worcester, Chemist.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF HEATING AND ILLUMINATING GASES,
IN THE APPARATUS TO BE USED IN SUCH MANUFACTURE, AND IN THE MEANS
EMPLOYED FOR THE INCANDESCENCE OF THE SAID GASES."
I tako solid sewage matters after filtration from their fluids and mixed or not
with ashes or cinders, as the case may be, and heat the same in retorts formed of
iron encased with fire clay or brick set in fire clay to a red heat. I then pass
over the heated matters the steam from other similar retorts in course of action,
and also from boilers, which are heated by the operation of cooling the gases.
These boilers are constructed with an internal lining, consisting of a worm or coil
of tubing, through which the gases pass from the retorts. The coil is surrounded
by water, which the gas in the pipes heats, and thus produces steam by boiling
the water. This operation goes on through a series of boilers, the steam being
conveyed from these boilers to the retorts for conversion into gas.
The apparatus for incandescence consists of a material which, by preference, may
be a composition of asbestos, magnesia, and whiting made into a plastic state with
a solution of nitrate of potash. This composition is formed into cones or burners
of a knife edge form, which may be arranged on tubes of similar composition.
These tubes convey the gas to the cones or burners, heating them to incandescence,
and causing them to emit light and heat. Air being introduced under the same
pressure as the gas raises the incandescence. The same ineans of incandescence
may be employed with coal gas or other gas containing hydrogen by a similar
introduction of air.
A NEW OR IMPROVED MACHINE FOR DRAWING ČORKS FROM BOTTLES
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Aubrey Nelson and John Stephen
Brenchley at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 22nd January
1880.
AUBREY NELSON and JOHN STEPHEN BRENCHLEY, both of Margate, in the
County of Kent. "A NEW OR IMPROVED MACHINE FOR DRAWING ČORKS FROM
BOTTLES."
Our Invention relates to a cork drawing machine for use in refreshment bars
and other places where a great many corks are drawn during the day, and it
consists of a cork screw or worm attached to a spindle receiving a longitudinal
reciprocating movement, and also a rotary motion during its longitudinal
movement in one direction only, whereby the screw is rotated on its forward or
downward movement to cause it to enter the cork, and is then retracted without
being rotated, in order to withdraw the cork from the bottle.
.
These movements are imparted to the spindle, the longitudinal reciprocating
movement, by a crank pin working in a transverse slotted yoke or link attached
to the end of the spindle (without participating in its rotary motion) and the
rotary motion by a face wheel gearing with a pinion on the spindle, through which
pinion the spindle is free to slide, but with which it must necessarily revolve.
The crank pin is carried on the face of the wheel which is mounted on a shaft
rotated by hand, the wheel being thrown into gear with the pinion on the descent
of the spindle by a spring, and out of gear during the ascent of the spindle by a
cam surface on the frame.
Another arrangement consists in forming the spindle with a quick thread, and
working it by a nut somewhat like that of a Persian drill, except that the nut is
traversed along the screw by a lever, and is made in two halves which are opened
out when the nut is moved in one direction by suitable means, so as not to rotate
the spindle, to which longitudinal two and fro movement would also be imparted
by the same hand lever.
The frame of the machine is fixed to a suitable support, and provided with a
socket or collar into which the neck of the bottle is pressed by a spring support
beneath the heel of the bottle.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF SKATES
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Binnie Drybrough at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 9th December 1880.
THOMAS BINNIE DRYBROUGH, of Edinburgh," in the County of Midlothian,
North Britain. "AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF SKATES."
This Invention which relates to an improvement in the construction of skates
has for its object to get rid of the stiffness of skates as hitherto constructed in
order that the natural elasticity of the foot may not be interfered with by the
continuous stiff blade extending from heel to toe as hitherto used.
The foregoing object is effected by constructing the blade of the skate in two or
more pieces which are connected together by links, slots, and pins, or by springs or
by equivalent connections which will permit of the different parts of the skate blade
to move or be moved by or to yield to the elastic action of the foot.
This Invention may also be applied to roller skates.
MENTS IN WATER WASTE PREVENTERS." IMPROVE
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Charles Mathew at the Offico
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 24th April 1880.
THOMAS CHARLES MATHEW, of Camden Town, Middlesex, Engineer.
MENTS IN WATER WASTE PREVENTERS."
IMPROVE-
This Invention has for its object improvements in water waste preventers. Such
improved apparatus consists of a hollow piston working up and down in a guide
frame furnished with a hollow base plate, and having an eye formed in the cross
head, through which the piston works, while attached to its outer end is a wire or
chain, which is in connection with the plug of the closet or other place where the
apparatus is fitted. The orifice in the base plate is provided with a scrow thread,
so as to allow of its screwing on to a metal seating, which is soldered into the
cistern or other place where the apparatus is fitted, and thus allows of its removal
when necessary for repair or otherwise.
The piston works up and down in a bottom tube, which latter works through a
bridge piece formed in the seating, and such piston is provided at its base with a
brass disc or valve filled with any suitable non corrosive metallic composition, so
as to impart sufficient weight thereto when closed to shut off the water, and
fitted beneath with a suitable washer to ensure the valve fitting closely to the
seating.
The piston is also provided with a loose lead dome, between which and the brass
disc or valve I place an ordinary circular india rubber washer, which fits into a
recess in a double collar soldered or otherwise fixed to the piston. Such washer
is pressed into a flat position when necessary by means of a secondary small lead
dome, which is placed inside the outer or larger one, and which, by exercising such
pressure, restores the washer to its normal shape.
One great advantage of my present Invention consists in the employment of an
ordinary circular india rubber washer, as I thus dispense with all necessity of
manufacturing special washers, which is attended with considerable expense.
The operation of my Invention is as follows:—
When the plug is lifted the piston is raised to the required height, and lifts with
it the shut off valve or disc by means of the external lead dome pressing on the
outside edge of the rubber washer, thus creating sufficient suction to raise such
disc or valve, and by so doing preventing the creation of any vacuum, save that
created by a small vent hole drilled through the hollow piston, which passing

page_text: down such hollow piston thereby allows the water to get between the rubber
washer and the bottom disc, and so releases the latter. The time of its descent
and the quantity of water passed is regulated by the size of such vent hole.
I would here observe that the guide frame may be dispensed with if desired,
and the various parts may be connected by a wire of suitable dimensions working 5
loose in the inner tube, so that if the plug be raised an extreme height connection
is still preserved between the parts.