An Improved Worm and Worm Wheel Let-off Motion for Power Looms.
Year: 1893

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
An Improved Worm and Worm Wheel Let-off Motion for Power
Looms.
I, ANDREW KYLE, Foreman, Power Loom Turner, 10 Wilton Hill Terrace,
Hawick in the County of Roxburgh, North Britain do hereby declare the nature
of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
This invention which relates to an improved worm and worm wheel let-off
motion has for its objects to provide a let-off motion which will work the web the
same tension from the beginning to the end of the web at the same time giving
the facility (not possessed by the let-off motions at present in use) of not requiring
to alter the regulating screw or pace weight as the regulating screw at present in
use requires to be altered as the warp beam gets less or becomes smaller in circum-
ference. But by the application of this invention the regulating screw will not
require to be altered as at present.
But in order that my said invention may be more readily understood and easily
carried into effect I will proceed to describe the same with reference to the accom-
panying sheet of drawings with letters and figures denoting the various parts, A, B
and C of the old motion and the new parts proposed to be attached to same being
represented by the letters D and E.
The drawing is what is termed the worm and worm wheel let-off motion.
A 2 is the back swing which is held in position by the weighing lever and back
swing rod A 3.
A4 is the regulating screw and by the action of the lay C2 beating up the
weft shot the regulating screw A4 is raised up and the let-off lever, B at the
point B is connected to the catch box B2 by the catch box rod C4 where
the stud B 1 is and the let-off lever B at the point B is lowered and as the lay C 2
is pressed forward by the crank shaft to beat the weft shot up the L lever C 1
working on the stud C 5 drops at the point C1 the regulating rod C goes down
and the catch box B2 and catches B3 drops about 3 times the space that the
regulating screw A 4 is raised.
The lever is connected to the lay sword C 2 by the ✓ lever motion rod C 3
and as the lay C 2 is drawn back with the crank shaft to allow the shuttle with the
weft shot to go through the L lever is raised at the point C1 and by the
Llever C1 being raised at the point C1 the regulating rod C is raised which
passes through the hole A 7 in the let-off lever B and there is a collar A 6 fixed on
it under the let-off lever B it raises the let-off lever B and the let-off lever B
raises the catch box B2 and catches B3 and by raising the catch box B 2 and
catches B 3 the letting-off wheel B 4 is turned a tooth.
The letting-off wheel B 4 is fixed on the worm shaft B 5 and the worm B 7 is
fixed on the worm shaft B 5 and the catch box B 2 is loose on the worm shaft B 5
and rises and falls with the action of the lay C 2.
The worm wheel B 6 is fixed on the end of the yarn beam or as it is commonly
called the warp beam.
The worm wheel B 6 is put in gear with the worm B7 and as the letting-off
wheel B 4 is turned round with the catch box B 2 and catches B 3 going up and
down it turns the warp off the beam as it turns round and the warp passes over
the roller that rests on the back swing A 2 at the point A.
The warp passes through the caulm and through the reed that is fixed on the
lay C 2.
I have described the worm and worm wheel let-off motion which is in use, on
"Hollingworths and Knowles patent open shed fancy loom "
at present which

page_text: any one conversant with the working of a loom will readily understand the
detailed description of the various parts shewn in the accompanying drawings.
This motion is old and is shown by the letters A, B, and C and numbers relative
thereto on the sheet of drawings but it is necessary to explain the old motion to
properly understand the new proposed part of the inotion.
The new part is fixed on the side of the loom, the same side of the loom as the
old worm and worm wheel let-off motion is fixed.
The new part and the old are to be as one motion, the old part will work the
new part.
When the web starts to work the warp has been rolled on the warp beam to
the thickness of 44 inches less or more in circumference and the beam without
warp is about 23 inches less or more in circumference and when the web is started
to weave with say the 44 inches (less or more) of circumference on the beam, the
let-off lever B does not require to travel so far as it has to travel at the finish
of the web with the 23 inches (less or more) in circumference beam therefore
as the warp beam gets less in circumference the worm wheel B 6 has farther to
travel per shot.
To avoid the necessity of altering the regulating screw A4 and making the
worm and worm wheel let-off motion a self acting motion I will describe the
different parts of the new motion and afterwards the working of or operating of
the different parts.
There is a screw rod El and crosshead E3 and the guide rod E2 has a
handle E 5 on the rod E2 at the end next the front of the loom and near the
other end of the rod E 2 has a finger right under a projection in the catch D4;
this is for lifting the catch D 4.
There is a ratchet wheel D 7 fixed on the end of the screw rod E 1.
There is a catch box D 5 works loose on the end of the screw rod E 1.
There is no thread on the screw rod E 1 where the catch box D 5 works.
There is a collar D 6 on the same end of the screw rod El to keep the catch
box D 5 on.
There is a rod D2 with an eye at one end goes on the stud D3 that is fixed
on the catch box D5 and the catch D 4 goes on the same stud D 3 that the
rod D2 is on.
The other end of the rod D2 extends to the plate D that is fixed on the back
swing A 2 where the regulating screw A 4 is.
The whole arrangement is fixed on a bracket on the side of the loom just above
the let-off lever B.
To describe the working of what I would call the warp tension regulator of the
worm and worm wheel let-oft motion, the warp tension regulator is the new part of
the let-off motion which I have invented on which is my invention and what is
quite new to the loom and not known to the trade on any of the other power
looms so far as can be known.
It is worked with the motion of the back swing A 2 the warp is rolled on the
warp beam and put into the loom.
The worm wheel B6 is fixed on one end of the warp beam and put into the
loom with the worm wheel B 6 laid in gear with the worm B 7.
The warp passes over the roller, one end of the roller rests on the point A. of
the back swing A 2.
The warp passes through the caulm or heddles then through the reed.
The reed is fixed in the lay C 2 the end of the warp is tied on the knot rod.
There are cords or beam cloths fixed to the rod which passes over the breast
beam and fixed to the cloth beam.
The weaver starts to work her loom, the lay C2 goes back to allow the shuttle
to go through then the lay C2 presses the shot up by the action of the crank
shaft.
The action of the lay C 2 pressing the shots up the roller that rests on the back
swing A 2 at the point A is drawn in towards the lay C 2.

page_text: The back swing A 2 works in the stud marked A1 and by the back swing A 2
being drawn in at the point A it is raised at the regulating screw A 4 and the
plate D is also raised which also raises the rod D 2.
When the rod D 2 raises the catch box D 5 and catch D 4 is raised also and the
catch D 4 turns the ratchet wheel D 7.
The ratchet wheel D7 is fixed on the screw rod El and by the turning of
the ratchet wheel D 7 the screw rod E 1 is turned round and it draws the cross-
head E 3 towards the ratchet wheel D 7.
The crosshead E3 has 3 holes in it one for the regulating rod C one for the
screw rod E1 and the remaining one for the guide rod E 2.
There are 3 holes in the crosshead E3 two of which (viz.:-
:-one for the screw
rod E1 and one for the guide rod E2) lie in a horizontal position and one for
the regulating rod C which is perpendicular.
There is also a thread inside of the hole to correspond with the thread that is
on the screw rod E 1 being turned by the ratchet wheel D 7.
It screws the crosshead E3 towards the ratchet wheel D 7 and the cross-
head E 3 draws the regulating rod C towards the stud A5 of the let-off lever.
The regulating rod C goes through a hole A 7 in the let-off lever B.
That hole A 7 has to be done away with that is in the let-off lever B and a slot
put in its place so that the regulating rod C can travel towards the stud A 5 and
the regulating rod C going nearer the stud A 5 lifts the let-off lever B higher and
turns the worm wheel B 6 farther round per shot than it did when the regulating
rod was nearer the point B of the let-off lever B.
That prevents the pace weight from rising too high and drawing the warp too
tight.
The new motion does not begin to work at the start of the web when the warp
beam is full of warp.
The regulating screw A 4 is set to allow the catch box B 2 to drop a tooth or it
may be half a tooth per shot whatever it drops by the action of the lay C2 going
back raises the catch B3 and turns the letting off wheel B4 a tooth or half a
tooth.
As the warp beam gets smaller the worm wheel B6 requires to turn farther
round to get the same amount of warp per shot as when the beam was larger and
this is got by this motion without re-setting the regulating screw A 4.
As a protection of any mishap or irregularity of the motion or in connection
with the weaver opening out and rolling back the beam too far and causing the
back swing A to rise higher at the plate D as it regularly does or as it should do
causing this motion to work and draw the regulating rod C nearer the stud A 5
than it would do if it were working its regular way.
There is a finger on the guide rod E2 right under the projection on the catch D4
by the turning of the handle E 5 one quarter of a revolution raising the catch D4
and stopping the working of the motion until the web resumes or gets to its
ordinary tightness then the handle E 5 is turned back and the motion begins to
work when necessity requires.
The probable sizes of the various articles which go to form the invention claimed
is shewn in the accompanying drawings but I do not bind myself to the exact sizes
shown in the drawings to a quarter or half an inch in thickness or from half to
one and a half inches in length of the screw rod and guide rod less or more.
I do not bind myself to the exact sizes of the ratchet wheel and catch and catch
box and the rod that is fixed to the catch box and the crosshead and the plate that
is fixed to the back swing from a quarter of an inch to one and a half inches less
or more.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is
1st. The arrangement and construction of the warp tension regulator having the

page_text: crosshead and the screw rod with the thread in the centre hole of the cross head to
correspond with the thread on the screw rod substantially as and for the purposes
hereinbefore described and shown in the accompanying drawings.
2nd. The perpendicular hole of the crosshead for the regulating rod to go
through and the ratchet wheel fixed on the end of the screw rod and a catch box
on the screw rod and catch all substantially as and for the purposes hereinbefore
described and shown in the accompanying drawings.
3rd. In a warp tension regulator the rod and catch and catch box and plate all
combined, and actuated by the back swing substantially as described and shewn in
the drawings.
4th. The warp tension regulator with the hole in the crosshead for the guide rod
as a guide for the cross head to keep it in a horizontal position and the finger on
the end of the guide rod all substantially as and for the purposes herein before
described and shown in the accompanying drawing.
5th. The combination of the warp tension regulator and the old let-off motion
requires the let-off lever to be altered from the hole that the regulating rod goes
through to a slot all substantially as and for the purposes herein before described
and shown in the accompanying drawing.
6th. I claim that the invention can be adapted to work on any power loom that
is worked with the worm and worm wheel let-off motion all substantially as and
for the purposes herein before described and shown in the accompanying drawings.
7th. In a warp tension regulator what I claim as novel or new is getting the
motion to work from the back swing to work the worm and worm wheel let-off
motion as and for the purposes hereinbefore described and shown in the accom-
panying drawings.
8th. In a warp tension regulator with the worm and worm wheel let-off motion
combined to work the web the same tension from beginning to the end of the web
all substantially as and for the purposes hereinhefore described and shown in the
accompanying drawings.
9th. The general arrangement construction and combination of the various
parts constituting my warp tension regulator of the worm and worm wheel let-off
motion all substantially as and for the purposes herein before described and shown
in the accompanying drawings.
Dated this Eighteenth day of August 1893.