Year: 1888

page_text: Date of Application, 31st Jan., 1888
Complete Specification Left, 29th Oct., 1888
Complete Specification Accepted, 29th Jan., 1889
We, FRANÇOIS FERDINAND ROHART, Chemist, and Madam ROHART, (née Marie
Léontine Rufin) both of 16, Rue Poussin, Paris, France do hereby declare the nature.
of this invention to be as follows:-
Our invention relates to a process of scouring and fulling woollen stuffs and
the like.
We have found that under the action of a preliminary sulphuration, fatty or
greasy bodies acquire new properties and among others, that of immediately becoming
saponifiable in the cold condition, even when alkaline carbonates only are employed
in lieu of caustic alkalies.
From this fact we have concluded that the greasy matters which impregnate woollen
thread and fabric before washing, or before the fulling, would no doubt be easily
freed from any greasy body by making use of an alkaline solution sulphurated to the
maximum at which the greasy matters take up the necessary sulphur in order to be
immediately saponified without the aid of any soap, soda crystals, or plastic clay, and
thus to realize a very considerable economy in the fulling of cloth and any other
woollen stuff, or woollen thread.
If woollen stuff is fulled by means of a weak solution of hydrosulphate of an
alkaline sulphuret (such as hydrosulphates of sodium or potassium sulphuret) as will
be hereinafter set forth, absolutely perfect results are obtained both as regards the
Scouring and also the fulling of fabrics, with a saving in many cases of more than
sixty-six per cent on the process heretofore employed, moreover the woollen stuff so
treated possesses a softness which is not attainable by the means heretofore used.
The affinity of the greasy matters for the sulphur is considerable as has been
proved. By causing a hydrosulphate of sulphuret to act, the latter is decomposed in
washing or fulling or at least partially; the greasy body takes up the sulphur, and
immediately forms a soluble soap by combining with the base of the sulphurer, the
result being exactly the same as that obtained by the best processes of fulling in which
soap and carbonate of soda are interposed at the same time.

page_text: In order that our invention may be better understood, we will describe the opera-
tion of fulling conducted according to our improved method.
The piece to be fulled, which has been previously washed with pure water, and
which has been left to dry for about twenty-four hours, is introduced into the fulling
machine, and the latter is set in motion in the ordinary manner.
The necessary
quantity of bydrosulphate is then poured out in a thin jet, which combines with the
oleine contained in the stuff, and the formation of soap is almost instantaneous. In
the action of the sulphuration of the greasy matter soap is formed in the interior of
the fulling machine upon the piece itself by means of the greasy body employed in
the oiling.
From 1 to 2 kilogrammes of hydrosulphate at 20 degrees Baumé (the point of
saturation) for every piece of cloth of 30 metres is generally sufficient.
The product must never be used pure but on the contrary much diluted with pure
water. In this manner a solution is formed of from 20 to 25 litres, weighing at the
maximum at only three and often only two aerometric degrees.
It is sometimes necessary at the moment of falling to add a certain proportion
of oleine.
This addition of oleine is preferably effected before the outlet of the hydrosulphate.
It is poured out in a small jet while the piece is turned in the fulling machine, so
that it spreads uniformly over the entire length of the cloth; the treatment with
hydrosulphate is then effected.
During the operation it is also necessary from time to time to measure the piece
lengthwise and broadwise, to follow the fulling which must not take place too
quickly.
The piece of cloth should be frequently "tried " especially at the commencement of
the operation, adding if necessary either oleine, if the piece is not greasy
enough, or on the contrary hydrosulphate, if the piece is too greasy, or lastly
pure water, in case the soap is well formed, and the piece too dry, or the soap in too
thick a paste.
When the operation proceeds regularly, the ports of the fulling machines are closed
in order to allow them to be normally heated, which condition is essential for obtaining
a rapid and good result.
Towards the end of the operation the piece is again measured, and the operation is
stopped when the stuff has reached the desired width.
When the falling operation is finished the rinsing or removal of the soap from the
piece of cloth is effected in pure water; then, in order to expel the greasy matters
and the soap formed, the piece is rinsed with carbonate of soda, soaking it in a certain
quantity of a solution of carbonate of soda which varies according as the piece is
more or less greasy or more or less rich.
After the complete removal of the soap, rinsing in flowing water takes place.
The aerometric degree of the solution of carbonate of soda varies with the conditions
of the operation; there is however no need of entering into this question, this
operation being well known.
It may be observed in conclusion that it matters little, in carrying our invention
into practice whether an alkaline monosulphuret, or a polysulphuret is employed; it
is however essential that these shall be saturated with sulphurated hydrogen.
Our process is not only applicable to the fulling of woollen stuffs, but also to the
washing of greasy wool as well as to the scouring of woollen thread or fabric.
DL:
1
1. T
4204
HASELTINE, LAKE & Co.,
45, Southampton Buildings, London,
Agents for the Applicants.

page_text: Improvements relating to the Washing or Scouring and Fulling of
Cloth and similar Materials.
We FRANÇOIS FERDINAND ROHART Chemist, and Madam ROHART (née Marie
Léontine Rufin), both of 16, Rue Poussin, Paris, France, do hereby declare the
nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
Our invention relates to a process of scouring and fulling woollen stuffs and the
like.
We have found that under the action of a preliminary sulphuration fatty or greasy
bodies acquire new properties and among others, that of immediately becoming
saponifiable in the cold condition even when alkaline carbonates only are employed
in lieu of caustic alkalies.
From this fact we have concluded that the greasy matters which impregnate
woollen thread and fabric before washing, or before the fulling, would no doubi be
easily freed from any greasy body by making use of an alkaline solution sulphurated
to the maximum at which the greasy matters take up the necessary sulphur in order
to be immediately saponified without the aid of any soap, soda crystals, or plastic
clay, and thus to realise a very considerable economy in the fulling of cloth and any
other woollen stuff or woollen thread.
If woollen stuff is fulled by means of a weak solution of alkaline hydrosulphide
(the base of the alkaline hydrosulphide used in the process may be any alkaline
metal such as potassium, sodium & the like) as will be hereinafter set forth,
absolutely perfect results are obtained both as regards the scouring and also the
fulling of fabrics with a saving in many cases of more than sixty-six per cent on
the process heretofore employed, moreover, the woollen stuff so treated possesses a
softness which is not attainable by the means heretofore used.
The affinity of the greasy matters for the sulphur is considerable as has been
proved. By causing a hydrosulphate of sulphuret to act, the latter is decomposed
on washing or fulling or at least partially; the greasy body takes up the sulphur,
and immediately forms a soluble soap by combining with the base of the sulphuret,
the result being exactly the same as that obtained by the best processes of fulling
in which soap and carbonate of soda are interposed at the same time.
In order that our invention niay be better understood, we will describe the opera-
tion of fulling conducted according to our improved method.
The piece to be fulled, which has been previously washed with pure water, and
which has been left to dry for about twenty-four hours, is introduced into the fulling
machine, and the latter is set in motion in the ordinary manner.
The necessary quantity of hydrosulphate is then poured out in a thin jet, which
combines with the oleine contained in the stuff, and the formation of soap is almost
instantaneous. In the action of the sulphuration of the greasy matter, soap is
formed in the interior of the fulling machine upon the piece itself by means
of the greasy body employed in the oiling.

page_text: From 1 to kilogrammes of hydrosulphate at 20 degrees Baumé (the point
of saturation) for every piece of cloth of 30 metres is generally sufficient.
The product must never be used pure but on the contrary much diluted with pure
water. In this manner a solution is formed of from 20 to 25 litres, weighing at the
maximum only three and often only two areometric degrees (Baume's).
It is sometimes necessary at the moment of fulling to add a certain proportion of
oleine. This addition of oleine is preferably effected before the outlet of the hydro-
sulphate.
It is poured out in a small jet while the picce is turned in the fulling machine,
so that it spreads uniformly over the entire length of the cloth, the treatment with
hydrosulphate is then effected.
During the operation it is also necessary from time to time to measure the piece
length wise and broadwise, to follow the fulling which must not take place too
quickly.
The piece of cloth should be frequently "tried " especially at the commencement
of the operation, adding if necessary; either oleine if the piece is not greasy enough,
or on the contrary hydrosulphate, if the piece is too greasy, or lastly pure water, in
case the soap is well formed and the piece too dry, or the soap in too thick a paste.
When the operation proceeds regularly, the ports of the fulling machines are
closed in order to allow them to be normally heated, which condition is essential for
obtaining a rapid and good result.
Towards the end of the operation the piece is again measured, and the operation is
stopped when the stuff has reached the desired width.
When the fulling operation is finished the rinsing or removal of the soap from the
piece of cloth is effected in pure water; then, in order to expel the greasy matters
and the soap formed, the piece is rinsed with carbonate of soda, soaking it in a
certain quantity of a solution of carbonate of soda which varies according as the
piece is more or less greasy or more or less rich.
After the complete removal of the soap, rinsing in flowing water takes place.
The areometric degree (Banme's) of the solution of carbonate of soda varies with
the conditions of the operation; there is however no need of entering into this
question, this operation being well known.
It may be observed in conclusion that it matters little in carrying our invention
into practice whether an alkaline monosulphuret, or a polysulphuret is employed;
it is however essential that these shall be saturated with sulphurated hydrogen.
Our process is not only applicable to the fulling of woollen stuffs, but also to
the washing of greasy wool as well as to the scouring of woollen thread or fabric.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed we declare that what we
claim is:-
The herein described process which consists in effecting the washing of greasy
wool and the scouring or the fulling of woollen thread and fabric by hydrosulphates
of alkaline sulphurets such as those of sodium or potassium substantially as above
described and for the purpose specified.
قيقف
1000
HASELTINE, LAKE & Co.,
45, Southampton Buildings, London,
Agents for the Applicants.