IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR HEATING MINERAL WATERS AND OTHER LIQUIDS
Year: 1884

page_text: PROVISIONAL
DILUIDICATION.
I, ALEXANDER MELVILLE CLARK, of the firm of A. M. and Wm. Clark, of
53, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Fellow of the Institute of Patent
Agents, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for. IMPROVEMENTS
IN APPARATUS FOR HEATING MINERAL WATERS AND OTHER LIQUIDS, a Coin-
munication to me from abroad by Edwin Dorset Newton of New York city in
the county and state of New York, United States of America, Doctor of Medicine
to be as follows
--
The object of this invention is to heat by absorption below the boiling point of
water, mineral waters, spirituous liquors, and other fluids, and is especially adapted
to heat such liquids as carbonated mineral waters, which by reason of their peculiar
composition cannot be heated in open vessels without sedimentation, by means of
hot water (or by means of hot air or aqueous vapor,) by the employment of a
thermo-receiver and a multi-chambered bottle constructed on the same general
principle, and adapted to heat the mineral waters or other fluids, whereby their
therapeutic properties are greatly increased, and the same curative effects produced
as by the use of naturally heated water of thermal springs.
Natural heat and artificial heat being identical, both as to their chemical nature
and effect upon the human system, the mineral water charged with heat by
absorption, may be administered internally at a high temperature and utilized for
therapeutic, hygienic, and dietetic purposes, the same as naturally heated waters..
In charging carbonated mineral waters with heat by absorption, no sedimentation
is produced. The carbonic acid gas which holds some ingredient or ingredients of
the same in solution being undisturbed, the chemical character of their mineral
contents remain unchanged. Of the mineral waters thus highly charged with heat
the natural thermal of high temperature have thereby their therapeutic virtues
fully restored, and the natural thermal of low temperature, the natural non-thermal,
and the artificial, have their curative properties very greatly increased.

page_text: Of the mineral waters known to commerce those containing either the bi-carbonates
of iron, lime, or magnesia (and we may add those of manganese, baryta, and strontia,
but these are rarely found in mineral waters, and possess little or no therapeutic
properties) cannot be heated in open vessels by "boiling" without sedimentation,
as by this process the bi-carbonates are at once deprived of a portion of carbonic
acid gas, and converted into the mono-carbonates (or "normal" carbonates) which
are insoluble in water, and consequently precipitated. There are however some
mineral waters containing bi-carbonates which can be boiled in open vessels
without sedimentation such as the bi-carbonates of soda, potassa, lithia and
Ammonia, as their mono-carbonates as well as their bi-carbonates are soluble in
water. Yet these bi-carbonates must not be associated in the same mineral water
with either of the bi-carbonates of iron, lime, Magnesia, Manganese, baryta, or
strontia.
As the excess of carbonic acid gas in natural and "artificial" carbonated mineral
waters, renders the same more palatable and their mineral ingredients more soluble,
and as the retention of this excess of carbonic acid gas is essential, the conservative
process of heating said mineral waters under pressure by absorption is always
preferable and should always be adopted and utilized. The bi-carbonates of iron
when they are present in mineral waters in large proportions, give to such mineral
waters a " sedimentary character which renders the sime non-transportable.
Even these mineral waters, however, can be successfully heated by absorption
without "sedimentation" but they can only be utilized at " The Spring."
39
"
The very small proportions of "Iron in natural thermal mineral waters render
the same easily transportable without sedimentation under pressure, neither does
the cooling during the transportation or the subsequent "artificial" heating of
these waters by absorption diminish the solvent action of the carbonic acid gas on
any ingredients held in solution in the original hot water at "The Springs."
All of the mineral waters of commerce which are to be charged with heat by
absorption should be transported under pressure, being carefully collected and
tightly secured at "The Spring" in barrels or other suitable vessels. If collected
in bottles or flasks, when the same are filled with mineral water in order to provide
for the expansion of the water by heat a small small air space should be left beneath
the stopper in the neck of said bottles, or flasks (air being easily compressed while
water is almost incompressible) and the mouths of the same hermetically (or very
closely) sealed. Champagne or other carbonated, alcoholic liquors heated under
pressure by absorption also add to the resources of the medical Practitioner as we
have thus combined three of the most powerful diffusible stimulants and solvent
agencies known to Science, heat, alcohol and carbonic acid gas.
The thermo-receiver consists of a portable tank or vessel supported on legs, and
provided preferably, with double walls, the space between which can remain empty,
or be filled with some suitable material, being a non-conductor of heat. The vessel
is provided with a tightly fitting cover and with an outlet pipe in its bottom
provided with a stop cock. A thermometer is secured to one side of the tank, the
bulb of said thermometer being arranged within the vessel near or at its bottom.
With this apparatus is combined a hot water supply vessel; the bottom of which is
arranged nearly as high as the top of the tank and supported in such manner that
its contents may be heated by a lamp, burner, or other suitable means placed
beneath it. An angular pipe provided with a stop cock extends from near the
bottom of the hot water supply vessel through the walls of the tank near its top,
and thencé éxtends downwards, to near the bottom of the said tank so as to deliver
the hot water below the bottoms of the bottles or flasks containing the mineral
water to be heated.
The multi-chambered bottle would consist preferably, of a long bottle provided
with a central circular thermic-chamber surrounded by an annular fluid chamber,
having little width, and large side surfaces, or the bottle may be constructed with
two thermic-chambers each surrounded by a fluid-chamber. The chambers may be

page_text: each provided with an annular bottom and the inner chambers may be bottomless,
but this construction weakens the bottle materially, and it is preferred to employ a
bottom or plate as the common bottom of the chambers said bottom being made
in one piece, and provided with apertures for the passage of hot water to the
thermic chambers, There are passages for the escape of air at the upper end of
the thermic-chambers, when the bottle is inserted, with its lower end downwards,
into a vessel containing the water. When two thermic chambers are employed,
each is provided with passages, for the escape of air, when immersed in the hot
water contained in a vessel, and each chamber is provided with a common reinforcing
plate at bottom having an orifice..

page_text: I, ALEXANDER MELVILLE CLARK, of the firm of A. M. and Wm. Clark, of
53, Chancery Lanc, in the County of Middlesex, Fellow of the Institute of Patent
Agents, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
APPARATUS FOR HEATING MINERAL WATERS AND OTHER LIQUIDS" (a communication
to me from abroad by Edwin Dorset Newton of the City, County and State of
New York, United States of America, Doctor of Medicine,) and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement:-
The object of this invention is to heat by absorption below the boiling point of
water, mineral waters, spirituous liquors, and other fluids, and is especially adapted
to heat such liquids as carbonated mineral waters, which by reason of their peculiar
composition cannot be heated in open vessels without sedimentation, by means of
hot water (or by means of hot air or aqueous vapour) by the employment of a
thermo-receiver and a multi-chambered bottle, constructed on the same general
principle, and adapted to heat the mineral waters or other fluids, whereby their
therapeutic properties are greatly increased, and the same curative effects produced
as by the use of naturally heated water of thermal springs. Natural heat and
artificial heat being identical both as to their chemical nature and effect upon the
human system, the mineral water charged with heat by absorption may be
administered internally at a high temperature and utilized for therapeutic,
hygienic, and dietetic purposes, the same as naturally heated waters. In charging
carbonated mineral waters with heat by absorption, no sedimentation is produced.
The carbonic acid gas, which holds some ingredient or ingredients of the same in
solution, being undisturbed, the chemical character of their mineral contents remain
unchanged. Of the mineral waters thus highly charged with heat, the natural
thermal of high temperature have thereby their therapeutic virtues fully restored,
and the natural thermal of low temperature, the natural non-thermal, and the
artificial, have their curative properties very greatly increased. Of the mineral
waters known to commerce, those containing either the bi carbonates of Iron, lime,
or magnesia (and we may add those of Manganese, Baryta, and Strontia, but these
are rarely found in mineral waters, and possess little or no therapeutic properties)
cannot be heated in open vessels by "Boiling" without sedimentation, as by this
process the bi-carbonates are at once deprived of a portion of carbonic Acid Gas and
converted into the Mono-carbonates (or "Normal" carbonates) which are insoluble
in water, and consequently, precipitated. There are however some mineral waters
containing bi carbonates, which can be boiled in open vessels without sedimentation,
such as the bi carbonates of Soda, Potassa, Lithia, and Ammonia, as their Mono-
carbonates as well as their bi-carbonates are soluble in water, yet these bi-
carbonates must not be associated in the same mineral water with either of the
Bi-Carbonates of Iron, Lime, Magnesia, Manganese, Baryta, or Strontia. As the
excess of carbonic Acid Gas in natural and "artificial" carbonated mineral waters,
renders the same more palatable and their mineral ingredients more soluble, and as
the retention of this excess of carbonic acid Gas is essential, the conservative
process of heating said mineral waters under pressure by absorption is always
preferable and should always be adopted and utilized. The bi carbonates of Iron
when they are present in mineral waters in large proportions, give to such mineral
waters a sedimentary" character which renders the same non-transportable.
Even these mineral waters however can be successfully beated by absorption
"

page_text: without sedimentation," but they can only be utilized at "The Spring." The
very small proportions of "Iron" in natural thermal mineral waters render the
same easily transportable without sedimentation under pressure, neither does the.
cooling during the transportation or the subsequent "artificial." heating of these
waters by absorption, diminish the solvent action of the carbonic acid Gas on any
ingredients held in solution in the original hot water at "The Springs." All of the
mineral waters of commerce which are to be charged with heat by absorption, .
should be transported under pressure, being carefully collected and tightly secured
at "The Spring" in barrels or other suitable vessels. If collected in bottles or ;
flasks, when the same are filled with mineral water in order to provide for the:
expansion of the water by heat, a small air space should be left beneath the stopper :
in the neck of the said bottles, or flasks (air being easily compressed while water >
is almost incompressible) and the mouths of the same hermetically or very closely
sealed. Champagne or other carbonated a'coholic liquors heated under pressure by
absorption, also add to the resources of the medical Practitioner, as we have thus.
combined three of the most powerful diffusible stimulants and solvent agencies
known to science, Heat, Alcohol and carbonic Acid Gas.
In the accompanying drawings Figure 1 is a longitudinal sectional elevation of.
the improved therme-receiver or apparatus for heating mineral water in bottles,
or flasks. Figure 2 is a longitudinal elevation of the same on a smaller scale.
Figure 3 is a central vertical section of the improved multi-chambered bottle.
Figure 4 is a horizontal section of the same. Figures 5 and 6 are similar sections*
of a multi-chambered bottle constructed on the same principle and Figure 7 is a
detail sectional elevation of a modification. Similar letters indicate like parts in
all the figures.
In Figures 1 and 2 A represents a portable vessel supported on legs, and
provided preferably with double walls, the space between which can remain empty
or be filled with some suitable material, being a non-conductor of heat. The vessel
is provided with a tightly fitting cover B and with an outlet pipe E in its bottom
provided with a stop cock e. D represents a thermometer secured to one side of
the vessel A, the bulb of said thermometer being arranged within the vessel A,
near or at its bottom. F represents a hot water supply vessel, the bottom of which
is arranged nearly as high as the top of the vessel A. The vessel F is provided
with a suitable support whereby it can be heated by a lamp, burner or other
suitable means placed under it, G represents an angular pipe provided with a stop
cock g, and extending from near the bottom of the hot water supply vessel F,
through the walls of the vessel A near its top and thence extending downwards, to
near the bottom of the vessel A, so as to deliver the hot water below the bottom of
the bottles or flasks C containing the mineral water to be heated. In Figures 3
and 4 I have shown a multi-chambered bottle consisting preferably, of a long bottle
provided with a central circular thermic-chamber a, surrounded by an annular fluid
chamber b, having little width and large side surfaces, or the bottle may be
constructed with two thermic chambers a and a¹, each surrounded by a fluid
chamber as seen in Figures 5 and 6. The chambers bb¹ may be each provided
with an annular bottom, and the chambers a a, may be bottomless, as shown in
the modified form of multi-chambered bottle represented in Figure 7, but this
construction weakens the bottle materially, and it is preferred to employ a bottom
or plate cas the common bottom of the chambers a, a, and b, b₁, said bottom being
made in one piece and provided with apertures h for the passage of hot water to
the thermic-chambers as shown. c', c¹, represent passages for the escape of air at
the upper end of the thermic-chambers when the bottle is inserted with its lower
end downwards into a vessel containing the water. d represents the neck of the
bottle, froin which the hot mineral water in the fluid chambers can be poured, when
desired. In Figures 5 and 6 the same principle of construction is involved, but
instead of one thermic chamber a, two a and a' are employed as above mentioned,
each provided with passages c', c¹, for the escape of air, when immersed in the hot

page_text: water contained in a vessel, and each thermic chamber is provided with a common
reinforcing plate c having orifices h.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is
1st A portable apparatus, or thermo-receiver, for heating mineral water in
bottles or flasks to a certain temperature, consisting of the elevated hot water
vessel F, having suitable heating means, the receiving tank A having walls, non-
conductive of heat, a valved discharge pipe leading from the bottom, a tight cover,
an attached thermometer, and the valved pipe G, connecting the hot water vessel,
and the receiving tank, the whole arranged to permit the maintenance at the
desired temperature of the water in the receiving tank, by the proper manipulation
of the hot water supply and cold water discharge valves, substantially as specified.
2nd A multi-chambered bottle provided with thermic-chambers open at their
lower ends and closed at their upper ends, and having air vent tubes extending
from the thermic chambers through the exterior walls of the bottle, whereby the
filling opening of the bottle is unobstructed and the liability of the ingress of the
liquid into the thermic-chambers is avoided as set forth.
3rd A multi-chambered bottle provided with thermic chambers, open at their
.. lower ends and closed at their upper ends, and having air vent tubes extending
from the thermic chambers through the exterior walls of the bottle, and provided
with a bottom c, formed of one piece, and having orifices h, each leading to a
thermic chamber as set forth.