Year: 1898

page_text: I, VICTOR KARAVODINE, of the Hotel Moderne, Place de la République, Paris,
in the Republic of France, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be
as follows:-
My invention relates to a thermic rotary motor. for very high pressures and
temperatures, operating without inner cooling and with but slight friction of the
movable parts.
This motor is characterised in that the steam or gas enters two vertical cylinders
alternately in which work two long pistons. These cylinders are mounted
upon a chamber filled with liquid. The steam entering the upper compartment
of one of the vertical cylinders exerts a pressure upon the piston which acts upon
the liquid beneath it, whereby the piston will descend and the liquid which it
shall have forced will cause the piston to rise in the other vertical cylinder. The
liquid, as it is being displaced from one cylinder into the other, actuates an
eccentric piston mounted upon the axis of the machine. Upon the eccentric
piston bear the shoes of two movable partitions by which the chamber filled with
liquid is divided into two water-tight compartments. The covers and the inner
portions of the cylinders are lined with a bad non-conducting layer to the extent
of about twice the length of one stroke of the pistons. The pistons are longer than
twice the stroke thereof and the upper portion of the same is likewise lined with
somo suitable non-conductor of heat for the whole of the stroke.
The lower half of the said pistons rubbing against rings arranged at the
bottom of the cylinders is not lined with a bad conductor of heat, whereby
as the cylinders descend to the extent of the length of the stroke, the layer of
bad heat conductor does not rub against the said rings and the steam does not
touch the metallic walls. Above the said rings is the stuffing-box; the vertical
cylinders have, at the bottom, annular depressions filled with tale or graphite
mixed with oil. By compressing this mixture around the pistons, as by means
of screws pressing down against the mixture, the lubrication of the layer of bad
heat conductor is affected. The said layer in the vertical cylinders may be
conical towards the top for the whole length of the stroke; and so too, the layer
placed upon the pistons is conical, thus the friction of the bad heat conducting
layers will be replaced by the contact of the said surfaces with talc or graphite,
at the time the pistons reach their uppermost positions.
In order to decrease friction at all points where the movable parts rub against
cach other, a counter pressure by means of the liquid applied, such counter-
pressure acting in the reverse direction. The movement of the movable partitions,
adjacent to the eccentric piston is likewise produced by the pressure of the liquid
upon these partitions. In order to still further decrease the clearance spaces,
opposite the orifices in the heads of the vertical cylinders for the valves which
give rise to the inlet and outlet of steam, the upper layer of non-conductor upon
the pistons is provided with projections.
The valves are cooled by the water: in the seats of the same
מיות
secured

page_text: At all
metallic rings which may bear upon the seat of the valve. Under these rings is a
layer of asbestos or elastic material in order that as the ring strikes against the
seat of the valve, the blow may be absorbed by the elastic medium.
points where the liquid is liable to leak between the movable surfaces, counter-
pressure bars take the place of the rings in ordinary pistons and provide, between
the said surfaces, cavities in which the liquid under pressure is interposed between
the frictional surfaces.
In order to regularise the quantity of liquid in the machine and also in order
to remove the gases which may drop under the pistons, there is provided a special
receiver connected to the boiler, into which the excess of liquid is automatically
forced, as well as the gas. Instead of the said receiver, a valved pipe might be
employed for connecting the two cylinders, the valves therein being likewise so
arranged that, if the pressure of the liquid rises beyond the normal degree, they
will open and allow the liquid which is in excess in one of the cylinders to pass
into the other.
Dated this 16th day of August 1898
HERBERT HADDAN & Co.,
Agents to Applicant,
18, Buckingham Street, Strand, W.C., London.
A New or improved Rotary Thermic Motor.
I, VICTOR KARAVODINE, of the Hotel Moderne, Place de la République, Paris,
in the Republic of France, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in
what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement:-
-
My invention relates to a thermic motor with two pistons whereupon alternately
the pressure of the motor fluid works and which in driving back a liquid,
communicates rotating movement to an eccentric piston mounted on the motor
shaft.
This motor can operate with extremely high pressure and gives a great power
in a small volume having moreover between the pistons and the motor shaft no
mechanical part whatever, only a liquid.
In the annexed drawing:-Fig. 1 is a vertical section of the motor on a plane
perpendicular to the axis of the motor shaft; Fig. 2 represents in transverse
section and in longitudinal section one of the bearings of the motor shaft;
Fig. 3 is a diagram view of a part of the mechanism; Fig. 4 is a view in transverse
section of the mechanism of Fig. 3, the Figs. 5, 6, 7 and 8 show details.
In a metal chamber A is a motor shaft carrying an eccentric D, whereupon
lean towards the extremities of a diameter, two shoes M M fastened respectively to
two blocks E E' fastened themselves on the axles o o¹ mounted on the walls
of the chamber A; the free extremities of the blocks E E are cut in form of an
arc of a circle concentric with its shaft o' and each is constantly in contact with
a bar placed partially in a hollowing of the chamber wall A. In this manner
the chamber A is divided into two compartments which cannot communicate
between them, but communicating respectively with two cylinders B and C.
These cylinders have inside grooves el el filled by some material such as amianthus
in order to form a waterproof joint; rings d d are moreover applied against the
cylinders b and c and assure water tightness in retaining the material filling the
furrows ele. Stuffing boxes d are used to give complete tightness at this
place. The moving parts of the pistons do not touch the cylinders and the walls

page_text: of these elements wherewith the motive fluid comes in contact are covered by a
jacket a a to prevent loss of heat. The bottoms of the cylinders B & C and of the
pistons b and c are conical so that they can touch each other at the end of the
strokes without rubbing.
The cylinders B and C have communication between them through a pipe ³
Fig. 8 and two valve boxes mounted upon these cylinders, which boxes com-
municate moreover between themselves at their upper part through a pipe f
which receives the motive fluid under pressure, each box comprises two valves,
the one U leans on a solid seat of the box and it has inside an annular form in
communication with the interior of the box to serve as a seat to another valve U¹
or U2; the pin of each valve is terminated by a piston with a cup-leather 2.
Each cylinder B and C is provided at 1 and 2 with an admission and an
escape valve; as the motive fluid is under high pressure, its temperature is
augmented and it is necessary to protect the valves against the heat, the
construction of these two valves being identical, it is sufficient to describe the
exhaust valve; the pin a³ of this valve S Fig. 6 is perforated by a longitudinal
bore which contains a concentric pipe which carries on its upper part a
washer adjusted to the bore; c³ ³ are water proof stuffings of the pin, and
are rings placed in these stuffing boxes and scooped out sidewise, the upper
ring is perforated by a radial hole communicating with a pipe and the lower
ring communicates in the same manner with a pipe : through the pipe water
comes into the central bore of the pin passes into the pipe land is spread in
the inner part of the bore cooling the valve S and the pin and then flows out
through the pipe . The inside of the valve box as well as the surface of the
same and its pin in contact with the fluid are covered by a layer of non
conductive material in order to prevent loss of heat. Regarding the valve S,
its part in contact with the seat is constituted by a ring of hardened steel
introduced into a groove of the valve whose bottom is fitted with an elastic
material T deadening shocks (Fig. 7).
As shown in Fig. 6 there exists under the valve a circular space but in order to
diminish it, each piston bor e carries toward this valve a projection such as K'
which nearly fills this space at the end of the stroke.
The shoe M leans on the piston D under the effect of an elevated pressure and in
Fig. 3 it is seen that this pressure bears on a considerable surface of this piston
and in order to compensate it there must be applied under M an equal pressure
from hto h but in consequence of the oscillation of block E the centre of
application may vary from to wherefrom still a sufficiently strong pressure
would result on the corresponding surface. This inconvenience is avoided in the
following manner. The shoe M which does not touch the piston D is hollowed
inside by two grooves wherein the bars QQ lie pressed by springs against the
surface of the piston D); two transversal bars which engage partially in the
bars QQ with their extremities, are placed in the same manner.
..under the
shoe; also two brackets are arranged between each bar and the corre
sponding border of the shoe. Under this latter there exists a rectangular space
where is exercised the pressure of the liquid compensating the exterior pressure
and there is on the shoe only the pressure of the bars leaning against it with the
springs which is unimportant. These bars are perforated by holes in order that
the liquid can go between them but these holes are made so that following the
see-saw movement which the shoe M makes to bear always on the eccentric
these bars are moved in their recesses and their holes are not always unmasked
but only on the side opposite to that wherefrom the pressure comes. On each side
the shoe M is fastened to a counter shoe P or P¹ which bears on the piston D
as shown in Fig. 4. In order to prevent the liquid from going from one
compartment into the other of the chamber A between the inner wall of the latter
and the parts E M D) a curvilineal bar 7 is placed in a recess of the chamber A
and bears with springs against these parts.
Instead of the packing bars in the shoe one can employ another construction

page_text: (Fig. 5), the bar is perforated by channels a² a² and scooped out on its contact
face, the bottom of the furrow" communicates with each compartment of the
chamber A through channels 62 12 whose orifices on the bottom of the furrows are
closed by valves; if the pressure comes from the left compartment, the
liquid passes through the corresponding channel whose valve opens whilst the
other remains on its seat by the same pressure; the liquid comes in through
the channels and tends to lift the bar which undergoes sidewise a pressure
upon as narrow a surface as possible.
In order to avoid the considerable pressure in the bracket bearing the latter
is provided with two longitudinal furrows H H and two transverse circular
grooves m¹ m² in the first ones bars are placed, pressed on shaft O by springs and
in the second ones half rings are arranged which divide the space between the
shaft and the bearings into two parts not communicating between themselves but
communicating respectively with each opposite compartment of the chamber A
through channels so that when the pressure of the liquid acts on the left of
the piston, it is conveyed to the right compartment of the bearing and vice versa
and balances thus the pressure upon the shaft.
On the side of chamber A a reservoir J is arranged in communication with the
generator and also with the chamber A through a pipe j closed by a valve which
opens from below upwards and through another smaller pipe with a cock i.
When the liquid is in excess in the chamber it lifts the valve of the pipe j and
when in consequence of escape, gas comes into the chamber it would be driven
out in the same manner.
FUNCTION.
The motive fluid goes first into one of the two cylinders B and C,
in B for instance, it drives the piston back which compresses the liquid in the
left compartment of chamber A; the piston 1) turns and the shoes M M are
lifted or go down with the blocks E following the pressure exercised there-
upon remaining thus constantly in contact with the piston D by means of a layer
of liquid which partly balances the pressure. At the end of the course, the
admission valve of the cylinder C opens and the motor fluid actuates then the
piston which drives the liquid in the right compartment of the chamber A back
in order to make the piston D turn which then at its turn drives the liquid in the
left compartment back thus raising the piston which chases the fluid which had
acted upon it through the corresponding escaping valve; the motor fluid flowing
alternately into the two cylinders B and C communicates therefore a continual
rotating movement to the piston 1) and in order to annihilate the effect of the
dead points, the motor shaft O carries on its outside a balancing wheel as usual.
When there is liquid in excess in the chamber A it has been said that it is
driven back into the reservoir J but in case the valve which is at the bottom of
this reservoir should act badly, the liquid would lift the one of the valves U, would
go into the pipe K2 and could return into the other cylinder in pushing the
valve U down, it would thus circulate without inconvenience.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this inven
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
I declare is:-
1. A motor with two cylinders mounted on a chamber filled with liquid and
divided into two compartments by an eccentric piston combined with two articu-
lated partitions or blocks carrying each a shoe in contact with the eccentric
piston, each cylinder containing a piston in contact only with packing or joints
and carrying two valves the one for admission the other for the escape of the
fluid, the two cylinders communicating through two boxes with double valves
joined by a pipe and the valve spindle of two of the valves carrying a piston
in communication with the source of the motor fluid, a lateral reservoir also in
.communication with the source being connected by a valve pipe with the chamber
of the liquid.

page_text: 2. In the motor as in Claim 1 an arrangement of shoes which are applied on the
eccentric piston by means of bars lodged in furrows hollowed in their lower
surface and forming between themselves a rectangular cavity in communication
with the one or the other of the compartments of the chamber of liquid through
holes perforated into these bars.
3. In the shoe as in Claim 2 a construction of compensated bar placed in a
furrow of the said shoe and perforated with two holes which communicate with a
cavity hollowed on the contact face of the bar; the furrow communicating with
the one and the other of the compartments of the chamber of liquid through two
distinct channels provided with valves.
4. In the motor as in Claim 1 a valve disposition whereby the valve spindle
hollowed by a channel which contains a pipe is perforated with lateral holes in
communication with holes perforated in the rings surrounding the spindle and
placed in water-tight packings; one of the rings communicating with an inlet
water pipe and the other with an escape pipe.
HERBERT HADDAN & Co.,
Agents to Applicant,
18, Buckingham Street, Strand, W.C.