A New or Improved Tool, Device, or Appliance for Driving and Forcing, also for Breaking up Coal or other Mineral, and applicable to other purposes.
Year: 1897

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
A New or Improved Tool, Device, or Appliance for Driving and
Forcing, also for Breaking up Coal or other Mineral, and
applicable to other purposes.
I, WILLIAM SELLAR, of 21, D'Arcy Terrace, Sunderland, in the County of Durham,
Agent, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
My invention refers to a new or improved tool, device or appliance for driving and
forcing, also for breaking up coal or other mineral, for exerting pressure required for
unshipping ships propellers, for forcing bolts out of couplings and for analogous
purposes, where great pressure is required to be applied, while at the same time it is
advisable that the implement or tool shall be portable, simple in construction, readily
applied, and not liable to get out of working order.
With this object in view and when for example such is to be employed for use
upon propeller shafts, I provide a ring, divided at one part and at about an opposite
part jointed, (the joint being water-tight). The face of such a ring is formed to
receive a number of hydraulic rams, and a water way is formed within the ring,
communicating with the plunger recesses, below the lower ends of the rams.
water way communicates with a force pump carried upon the ring, whereby the liquid
may be caused to act upon, and simultaneously drive out the plungers.
Such
The tool, when used to force off a screw propeller is opened, placed over the shaft,
between the propeller and the stern post or stern tube, and closed; a space remaining
between, (say the screw propeller boss and the tube) is then packed, as I prefer by
means of divided and jointed solid rings, or rings of a suitable section. Liquid is
then introduced by the force pump, the rams are simultaneously advanced, and the
screw propeller is forced off the shaft, or is "started "thereon.
In some cases instead of a jointed ram-carrying ring, I may form the carrier of
"horse shoe" or rectangular form so as simply to be placed over the shaft. The
separate ram heads may sometimes be connected when found desirable.
In forcing a boss onto a shaft, the tool is arranged to act between an abutment and
the boss or the like, which is to be placed in a position as will be well understood;
in forcing a screw propeller on to its shaft, the tool, which in such a case may be
formed as an undivided ring, is applied on the end of the shaft bearing against the
propeller, and is supported by the nut, commonly employed to secure the propeller
when in position. Such tools may be made of square or other form instead of
circular, and may be employed for forcing wheels and other parts on to square
shafts.
As applied to breaking up coal or other mineral, I provide within a straight
cylindrical or other shaped casing a number of cylinders at right angles or thereabouts
to the axis of the casing, these cylinders being designed to receive the plungers or
pistons, the latter in all cases being fitted at their bases with packing rings (or any
other suitable devices for preventing the fluid passing the pistons) so that the
aforesaid plungers or pistons may be subjected to hydraulic pressure, which is
conveyed through passages in the aforesaid casing. These passages connect the

page_text: plungers or pistons by means of a tube, with a force pump carried upon the casing,
whereby liquid may be caused to act upon, and simultaneously drive out the plungers;
the aforesaid tube being surrounded by the casing, thus forming a reservoir for the
liquid to be employed. An exterior plate, or pressure head, arranged say longitudinally
with the casing, may be provided to connect the several plungers or pistons to obtain
an extended area of pressure, unless it is desired to utilize pressure upon a row of
isolated points. Upon applying the pressure the liquid forces the series of plungers
or pistons in an outward direction. The plate or pressure head, carried by the exterior
ends of the series of pistons, is preferably provided with downwardly extending arms,
which take into or onto guides to ensure its true rectilinear movement, in such a
manner that when the series of pistons are actuated, they carry the table or seat
also, and the guides are preferably arranged so that they do not allow obstructive
matters to enter between the outwardly moving pressure head and the casing.
In coal getting, the tool may be used by insertion in borings, as is common with
mining wedge tools, and by raising the pressure the series of pistons are forced
outwards, thus breaking down the mass.
In some cases I may arrange the series of cylinders and pistons or rams contained
thereby, so as to alternately face in diametrically opposite directions so that when
acted upon, a series of pistons or rams will be simultaneously forced outwards on
both sides of the casing, and a greater length of thrust thus obtained. I do not
limit myself to the number of plungers or rams employed in such tools.
Means such as a valve or valves are provided, whereby the liquid under pressure,
or air which may have accumulated within the casing, may be readily liberated
and allowed to escape; the pumps which I usually employ consist of plungers
working within a casing and operated by means
of a hand lever, which
communicates by say two passages with the rear half and front pistons respectively,
whereby the pressure may be brought into action upon either the rear or back
pistons, as desired.
The tool may also be supplied with a suction pump for drawing the liquid out of
the casing, in order to bring the rams into their normal position, and thereby
allowing a packing piece to be inserted or another driving or forcing appliance
placed in the expanded cavity.
Dated his 17th day of Manah 1007
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
A New or Improved Tool, Device, or Appliance for Driving and
Forcing, also for Breaking up Coal or other Mineral, and
applicable to other purposes.
I, WILLIAM SELLAR, of 21, D'Arcy Terrace, Sunderland, in the County of Durham,
Agent, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement :-
My invention refers to a new or improved tool, device or appliance for driving and
forcing, also for breaking up coal and other mineral, for exerting pressure required
for unshipping ship propellers, for forcing bolts out of couplings and for other
analogous purposes, where great pressure is required to be applied, while at the same
time it is advisable that the implement or tool shall be portable, simple in
construction, readily applied and not liable to get out of working order.
'

page_text: In order that my invention may be clearly understood I will proceed to describe
same with reference to the accompanying drawings in which similar letters refer to
like parts in all the figures.
Figure 1 is a front view of the appliance adapted for unshipping propellers from
their shafts, and Figure 2 is a side view of the same apparatus. Figure 3 is a front
view of an apparatus for use with square shafts. Figures 4 and 5 are respectively
sectional plan and sectional elevation of my invention as applied to a tool for
breaking up coal and other mineral, and Figure 6 is a cross section of same.
Referring to Figures 1 and 2, A is the casing of the apparatus which is made in the
form of a horse-shoe, and B is a force pump. having a plunger C in same which is
actuated by means of a handle D. The face of the casing A is formed to receive a
number of hydraulic rams E, and a water way W is formed within the casing A,
communicating with the plunger recesses below the lower ends of the rams E. Fis
an inlet for the water used in the apparatus. The drawing illustrates the apparatus
employed for forcing a propeller G off its shaft H, the stern-post of the vessel being
indicated at J, and K being packing situated between the latter and the forcing
apparatus.
The tool is placed over the shaft H between the boss of the propeller G and the
stern-post J, and the packing K is inserted so as to fill the remaining space. Liquid
is then introduced by the force pump B, thus simultaneously advancing the rams E,
and this action forces the screw propeller G off its shaft H, or causes it to be started
therefrom.
In forcing a boss onto a shaft, the tool is arranged to act between an abutment
and the boss or the like, which is to be placed in position as will be well understood. In
forcing a screw propeller onto its shaft, the tool, which in this case may be of ring
form, is applied to the end of the shaft bearing against the propeller, and is supported
by the nut, commonly employed to secure the propeller when in position. Such
tools may be made of square form as seen at Figure 3, and may be employed for
forcing wheels or other parts onto or off from square shafts; or the said tools may
be made in any other suitable form, to suit the section of the shafts to which they
are to be applied.
Referring particularly to Figures 4, 5 and 6, the casing A is made in a straight
cylindrical or other form with the rams E situated at right angles to its axis, and
the bases of the recesses below the rams E are connected with two passages L and M,
the former supplying the rams E at one end of the tool and the latter passage M
supplying the rams E at the other end of the tool. The pump B draws water from
two storing compartments N and P, which are connected together by passages Z,
and forces same to the passage L or M, or to both of them as desired, the flow being
directed and regulated by the valves R and S, thus allowing the pressure to be
brought into action upon either the front or the back rams as desired. T is an
exterior plate which is kept in position by means of two pins U which work in
recesses in the casing A, and the underside of the plate T is received against the
ends of the rams E so as to move with them on their being forced out by pressure
from the pump.
V is a valve whereby the liquid under pressure, or air which may
have accumulated within the casing behind the rams E may be readily liberated and
allowed to escape to the passage Z and thence to the compartments N and P.
When it is desired to split a block of coal or other mineral, the tool is inserted in
a boring and the pump is actuated by means of a handle not shewn in the drawing.
The working of the pump B has the effect of drawing water from the compartments N
and P and forcing it along the passages L and M, whence it passes to the rams E
which force the plate T out from the casing A. If the resistance to the pressure of
this plate T is even all along the tool, an equal pressure on all the rams will have
the effect of splitting the block; but in many cases the resistance at the opposite
ends of the plate T is very different, and an even pressure will have the effect of the
plate moving out where the pressure is least and remaining stationary by the greater
resistance. The duplex feeding arrangement of this tool enables this difficulty to
be overcome, as say the resistance is greatest in the interior of the block, the

page_text: valve S may be cut off thus allowing the pressure to be fed to the front rams only,
and this adjustment may be regulated from time to time for the purpose of directing
the pressure as desired.
Should air accumulate behind the rams and thus interfere with the efficient
working of the tool, the opening of the valve V when the rams E are in an
inverted position enables the air to escape along the passages L and M and thence
to the passages Z and compartments N and P. The plate T and the rams E may be
returned to their normal position after the exertion of their force by opening the
valve V, which thus allows the water to return to the compartments N and P without
having to pass through the pump B.
Where it is desired to apply the pressure upon a row of isolated points, the pressure
plate T may be dispensed with.
A
If desired, the rains E may be arranged to alternately face in diametrically opposite
directions, so that when acted upon, a series of pistons will be forced outwards on
both sides of the casing, and a greater length of thrust can thus be obtained.
suction pump may be provided for the purpose of drawing the liquid out of the
casing, in order to bring the rams into their normal positions, thus allowing a
packing piece to be inserted or another driving or forcing appliance to be placed in
the expanded cavity.
the nature
of my said
Having now particularly described and ascertained
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is
1. In a device or appliance for driving and forcing, the casing A having a number
of hydraulic rams E and a water way W, in combination with a force pump B,
substantially as and for the purposes set forth.
2. In a device or appliance for driving and forcing, the combination of the
casing A, pump B, plunger C, handle D, hydraulic rams E, and water inlet F,
substantially as described with reference to Figures 1, 2 and 3 of the accompanying
drawings.
3. In a device or appliance for breaking up coal and other mineral, the casing A,
pump B, compartments N and P, rams E, and suitable means for conveying the
pressure to and from the rams E, substantially as and for the purposes set forth.
4. In a device or appliance for breaking up coal and other minerals, the combination
of the casing A, pump B and parts connected therewith, rams E, passages L and M,
valves R and S, water way W, valve V, passage Z and compartments N and P,
substantially as described with reference to Figures 4, 5 and 6 of the accompanying
drawings.
5. The general arrangement, construction and combination of the various parts,
forming my new or improved tool, device or appliance for driving and forcing, also
for breaking up coal or other mineral, and applicable to other purposes, substantially
as described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Dated this 17th day of December A.D. 1897.
Dated this 17th day of December A.D. 1897.
BREWER & SON,
London and Leeds, Agents for the Applicant.
Der A.D. 1091.
BREWER & SON,
London and Leeds, Agents for the Applicant.