New or Improved Apparatus and System of Lining or Securing the Sides or Walls of Pits' Shafts or Wells.
Year: 1891

page_text: Date of Application, 5th Mar. 1891-Accepted, 18th Apr., 1891
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
New or Improved Apparatus and System of Lining or Securing the
Sides or Walls of Pits' Shafts or Wells.
1, RICHARD SUTCLIFFE, of Clayton West, Engineer, do hereby declare the
nature of this invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
My present invention relates to apparatus and system to dispense with or obviate
timbering and the temporary lining of shafts wells &c. in sinking through bad stone
or metal and substitute and facilitate in fixing therefor a permanent and sufficient
lining composed of cement or concrete (in whole or part) as the sinking proceeds.
and doing it without the intervention of tedious and costly walling crils or rings.
In attaining this object therefore I arrange and construct the apparatus and
appliances as hereinafter described.
Fig. 1 is a plan of my new or improved apparatus fitted in a working position
within a pit shaft or well and
Fig. 2 is a cross sectional elevation of the same and like letters of reference
denote corresponding parts in each view.
or
To beams or girders A. are connected together by means of iron straps B or
their equivalent and are suspended by four ropes C which may act as guides
conductors and the said beams A or their connections are fitted with four set
screws D (or their equivalent) which by turning one way presses against the sides.
or walls J to adjust and fix the position of said beams A and by turning them the
contrary way the beams A will be released as will be well understood. E are
flooring wood or battens placed on beams A for convenience in working and to
facilitate the placing of F which is an iron ring of double channel or H section
composed of four or more segments and fitted with brackets G and G. H is a bolt
or screw coupled to bracket G by pins and with G through the nut I placed
between two flanges in bracket when the nut I is turned in a certain direction
the segments F are forced apart and pressed against the walls or sides of the pit. .J
with the necessary force to sustain some of the superincumbent weight of lining L
and casings and by turning said muts in the opposite direction the segments
will be drawn together and from the walls or sides J and will be ready when
required for lowering to a new position or can be taken into parts by extracting
pins S. This annular ring F is intended to sustain the weight of concrete lining
and casings O in conjunction with the. beams A. supported by ropes C until the said
concrete becomes sufficiently firm to admit of it resting entirely on shelf M when
beams A. with the annular ring F may be lowered to form the temporary foundation
in like manner for another set of courses. K is a ring of quick setting cement or
may be composed of blocks of brick concrete stone or such like packed closely
together either with or without cement to distribute the weight of the superin-
cumbent wall or lining on the surrounding strata until the concrete gets completely
set and firm in order that the ring F may be the sooner withdrawn without injury to
the said lining L is the permanent lining of pit or well and may be composed of
concrete or cement and may be mixed with broken stone or brick and packed in the
annular space between casing O and strata J course upon course as the casings are
put in until the height required is attained M are shelves made at intervals to
distribute weight of the lining L to facilitate the putting in of closing course,
O are sheet iron plates (preferably corrugated) bolted or rivetted to frames P of
angle iron formed into segments which when put together are secured by bolts (
form a circular casing leaving an annular space of sufficient width between the said
casing and the surrounding strata to take the permanent lining L the first course of
this casing is placed on edge on the wood packing N and bolted together. Then

page_text: the annular space is filled up between the casing and strata with concrete or its
equivalent in the usual way and another course of the iron casing is laid on the first
and the annular spaced filled in like manner and so with each course until the
desired height is attained or until the bottom of the last tier or lift of courses is
reached and closed with as the case may be. Corrugated iron is preferable in the
casings in order that the under courses or any course may be withdrawn without
danger of the upper courses slipping down the undulutations in the iron supporting
them. Ris piece of packing wood or other material inserted in each course of
casing to facilitate the withdrawal of same. T is socket or cappel of rope C passing
through beam A. and U is cotter passing through said cappel to sustain beam A.
By this arrangement of temporary foundations and small recesses to form shelves
or rings to distribute the weight of lining on surrounding strata and using concrete
or cement by the aid of casings for the permanent lining the sides or walls of pit
can be secured by commencing near the bottom and putting in the lining in short
tiers or lifts at a time and it will be readily seen that the lining can be put in as
the sinking proceeds and so obviate timbering or temporary lining. Wall boxes can
also be placed in the lining in any desired position to take buntings or such like.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is in
1. An arrangement of fittings machinery and apparatus employed for the purpose
specified. The use or application of concrete or its equivalent in the permanent
lining of pits' shafts or wells the use of girders or beams A suspended by ropes C
supporting segmental ring or cril F with its fittings and the casing O by means of
which said concrete lining can be placed in position concurrently with the sinking
of said pits shafts or wells as substantially described and set forth in part in the
accompanying sheets of drawings.
2. A combination and arrangement of fittings machinery apparatus appliance
and materials substantially as described and used for the purposes specified.
RICHD. SUTCLIFFE,
Clayton West, Engineer.