matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVE- MENTS IN SPINNING AND DOUBLING SILK
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Eckersley at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 23rd February
1863.
I, JAMES ECKERSLEY, of Westhoughton, in the County of Lancaster,
Mechanic, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN SPINNING AND DOUBLING SILK," to be as follows:-
My Invention has for its object the spinning and doubling of the threads of
the silk worm direct from the cocoons. To accomplish this I prepare the cocoons
in the ordinary manner, and then place them in a vessel or vessels containing
hot water, the said water being maintained at or near a constant temperature
by the aid of steam. The thread or threads of the cocoon or cocoons are
passed over a hook or through an eye, and then pass between two rollers
and over the top roller and round a pin, and between the said rollers again,
but in an opposite direction to that before named. The thread now passes to
an ordinary flyer and is wound on a bobbin placed on a spindle driven by a
band or cord. The amount of twist is regulated by the velocity of the top
roller as compared with the velocity of the spindle. A traversing rail is used
for traversing threads upon the bobbins. The object of spinning, as herein
given, is to produce a more uniform thread with less labor than at present
in use.
The process known as doubling is accomplished by placing the threads of
two or more of the before-named bobbins in such a position that they may
pass through the eye or over the hook before named, and be spun or twisted

page_text: together in a similar manner to that before named, and wound on other
bobbins placed on the before-named spindles from which the first-named
bobbins have been removed.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LOUVRE SHUTTERS AND VENETIAN BLINDS
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Griffith Thomas at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 28th September
1863.
I, GRIFFITH THOMAS, of No. 50, Chichester Villas, Kilburn Park, in the
County of Middlesex, Builder, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN LOUVRE SHUTTERS AND VENETIAN BLINDS," to
be as follows:-
The louvre shutters or blinds are hung by a balance weight on one side
only of the window, having the cords from both sides attached to the weight.
I have another cord, which is passed through a pulley on the top of the weight
and up to the top of the window and thence to any convenient place, by
which the shutters are drawn down and regulated to any convenient height.
The louvres or laths, which may be of wood or metal, are attached to a
chain which is constructed with a joint between each alternate louvre
to fall inwards, and the joint has a stop which prevents them doubling
outwards.
The accompanying Drawings represent my Invention, but the precise details
may be varied without departing from the nature thereof.
Figs. 1, 2, 3, represent plan, elevation, and section of window with the
shutters fixed, and the mode of arranging cords and weights.
A represents the mode of securing the louvres when used as a shutter..
Figs. 4 and 5 represent the end of lath and the plate for insertion with wire
attached to the plate and returned ends which are rivetted to form the chain..

page_text: Figs. 6, 7, elevation and section of chain; Fig. 8 shews the chain in various
positions when in use; Fig. 9 shews the balance link, to which is attached
the cord for raising and lowering shutters, enabling the louvres to be set at any
angle; Fig. 10, the double-action knuckle joints, to which are rivetted or
secured the chain for supporting the centre of louvres when required; Fig. 11
shews the action of chain when supporting the centre; as the shutters or blinds
are lowered they become packed in a small space, as shewn at B. The shutters
may be arranged to work from over or under the window, also either inside or
outside of the windows, and can be fixed with a spring catch or other convenient
means.
IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM ENGINES
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Edward Gedge at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
6th March 1863.-A communication from abroad by Jules Mouvet, of
Orléans, France.
I, WILLIAM EDWARD GEDGE, of the Firm of John Gedge and Son, of
No. 11, Wellington Street, Strand, in the County of Middlesex, Patent
Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN STEAM ENGINES," (a communication to me from abroad by Jules Mouvet,
of Orléans, France,) to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in the direct application of steam to rotatory motion
by a new system of driving cylinder with alteration of movement, in part illus-
trated in the accompanying Sheets of Drawing, forming part of this Provisional
Specification, Figure 1 (Sheet 1) being an elevation; Figure 2 (Sheet 1)
cross section; Figure 3 (Sheet 2) sectional elevation lengthwise with the axle;
and Figure 4 (Sheet 2) plan of this system, 1 indicating the driving axle
receiving a fly wheel in stationary engines, and two driving wheels in loco-
motive engines; 2, cast-iron cylinder forming one with the axle by means of
the keys 21; 3, empty spaces; 4; grease boxes, to charge which the lid 4',
Figure 1, is unscrewed, then the cup screwed on the tubes, see Figure 2, 4¹¹;
5, curves, in the surface of which the steam acts; 6, steam entrance port for
the backward movement; 7, steam entrance port for the forward movement;
8, steam chamber; 9, steam pipes; 10, plate acting as slide valve; 11, roller
moving plate 10; 12, the crank; 13, lever for alteration of movement; 14,

page_text: port for escape of steam; 15, escape pipes; 16, casing or jacket of the
cylinder, half cylindrical at its lower, and square at its upper part. In loco-
motive engines this square part should be taken in the length, and on the
sides between two slide bars; 16', four parts of the casing, which may be
made grease boxes. This motor is applicable to every description of steam
engine. The Drawing shews it in its application to a locomotive engine.
When applied to stationary engines, as the casing need no longer be move-
able, it may be placed flat on its upper part reversed, and solidly fixed either on
a sockle or on the boiler, the steam and escape pipes will then be placed on
the lateral parts, at the ends of the central axle a fly wheel will be placed
on the right, and driving gear on the left. In marine engines the central
shaft will receive the paddle wheels or a fly wheel on the right, and on the
extension of the axle a screw on the left.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE DISTILLATION OF BITUMENOUS SUBSTANCES
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Archibald Brooman at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
9th June 1863.-A communication from abroad by John Saunders, of
New York, United States of America.
I, RICHARD ARCHIBALD BROOMAN, of 166, Fleet Street, in the City of
London, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE DISTILLATION OF BITUMENOUS SUBSTANCES," to bo as
follows:-
My Invention consists in the distillation of bitumenous substances by means
of heated gases applied directly to such substances.
A NEW AND USEFUL HOLLOW ELASTIC STOPPER FOR ROTTS JUGS AND OTHER SIMILAR VESSELS
Year: 1863

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Charles Francis Baxter, of Boston, in the County of
Suffolk, and State of Massachusetts, of the United States of America,
for the Invention of "A NEW AND USEFUL HOLLOW ELASTIC STOPPER FOR
ROTTS JUGS AND OTHER SIMILAR VESSELS"
Sealed the 10th November 1863, and dated the 28th May 1863.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION filed by the said Charles Francis Baxter at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition and
Declaration, on the 28th May 1863, pursuant to the 9th Section of the
Patent Law Amendment Act, 1852.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, BE IT
KNOWN, that I, CHARLES FRANCIS BAXTER, of Boston, in the County of
Suffolk, and State of Massachusetts, of the United States of America, have
invented "A NEW AND USEFUL HOLLOW ELASTIC STOPPER FOR BOTTLES, JUGS AND
OTHER SIMILAR VESSELS," and I do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion, and the manner in which the same is to be performed, to be fully
described in the following Specification, and represented in the accompanying
Drawings, which are longitudinal central sections of two varieties of the
stoppers inserted in the neck of a bottle.
To enable others skilled in the art to make and use my improvement, I
will now proceed to describe its construction and operation.
The nature of my Invention consists in making stoppers of any suitable
elastic substance provided witha cavity opening in the end entering the botttle
[Price 8d.]

page_text: the object of said cavity being to save material, permit any interior force to
press the sides of the stopper more firmly to the neck of the bottle to prevent
its expulsion, and thus save the usual necessity of sealing and tying,
and effect the easy removal of the stopper by pressing upon one of its sides.
Fig. 1 shows a vertical section of a stopper a, with the hollow or cavity b,
which is adapted to bottles in common use; Fig. 2 shows the same design of
stopper, having in addition a shoulder c adapted to a corresponding groove to
be made in the neck of a bottle.
I do not claim a hollow elastic stopper, or stopper with a shoulder having a
cavity externally when placed in the bottle; but I claim in special, and desire
to secure by Letters Patent,-
First, an elastic stopper having a hollow opening in the end entering the
bottle, substantially as and for the purpose described.
Second, the combination of a hollow elastic stopper with a shoulder,
substantially as set forth, and for the purpose described.
In witness whereof, I have hereunto set my hand and seal, this 25th day
of April 1863
Witness,
N. AMES,
JOHN F. YOUNG.
CHS. F. BAXTER. (L.s.)
IMPROVE- MENTS IN AND APPLICATION OF APPARATUS FOR AIDING THE COMBUSTION OF FUEL
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Henry Ellis at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 5th October
1863.
I, GEORGE HENRY ELLIS, of Wellington Road, Bromley, in the County of
Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN AND APPLICATION OF APPARATUS FOR AIDING THE COMBUSTION OF FUEL,"
to be as follows:-
For these purposes an apparatus is constructed consisting by preference of
five short tubes, which are set in a handle. These tubes are left open at both
ends, and in fixing them in a handle they are inclined to each other, so that
they converge and come near together where they are fixed in the handle;
but this inclining of the tubes is not essential, and the number of tubes in
each apparatus may be varied. The handle should be of wood, or of some
substance which is a bad conductor of heat. When used the outermost ends
of the tubes are forced or placed under the fuel, which is partially lighted, and
so that the ends of the tubes will become heated, and as they become heated
air will rush in through the tubes and urge the ignited parts of the fuel and
increase the combustion, and at the same time extend it to the contiguous.
fuel not previously lighted.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPA- RATUS FOR SEPARATING FLUIDS PROM MORE SOLID MATTERS MIXED OR COMBINED THEREWITH
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Robey at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 20th April
1863.
I, JAMES ROBEY, of Newcastle-under-Lyme, in the County of Stafford,
do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPA-
RATUS FOR SEPARATING FLUIDS PROM MORE SOLID MATTERS MIXED OR COMBINED
THEREWITH," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in apparatus for separating
fluids from more solid matters mixed or combined therewith. For these pur-
poses a close hollow vessel is employed mounted in such manner that it may
be caused to revolve at a high velocity. This vessel it is preferred should be
of a cylindrical form and mounted on a hollow axis, and the vessel is divided by
a diaphragm or partition into two compartments. The fluids to be separated
are caused to flow into or they are constantly supplied to the first compartment
of the vessel through the hollow central axis, so as to keep such compartment
full of the fluids and more solid matters mixed or combined therewith. The
fluids and matters thus introduced into the first compartment will by centri-
fugal action be caused to be separated according to their specific gravities,
the matters heavier than the fluid flying off to the greatest distance from the
central axis of the vessel, whilst those matters which are lighter than the fluid
come to or do not pass away from the centre of the first compartment of the
vessel. At a distance from the centre and intermediate between the centre
and the outer circumference of the partition or diaphragm are openings to
admit of the passage of the fluids from the first compartment of the vessel into

page_text: the second compartment thereof. In the centre of the vessel, on the other side
of the partition or diaphragm, there is also a hollow axis of somewhat larger
diameter than the hollow axis through which the liquids are supplied
into the first compartment, and out at this hollow axis the fluids will con-
tinually flow separated from the matters with which they were previously mixed
or combined. When the more solid matters fill or for the most part fill
the first compartment they are to be removed therefrom, and such matters
will be found to be arranged within such compartment in the order of their
specific gravities; thus by this apparatus in those cases where the liquids
are such as will become clear by subsidence, such liquids will be separated in
a clear, or more or less clear state, whilst the matters heavier and lighter than
the fluids with which they were previously mixed or combined will be retained
back separated from the fluids.
IMPROVEMENTS IN RAILWAY CHAIRS AND SLEEPERS
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Edwards at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 9th June 1863.
I, JOHN EDWARDS, of 29, Basinghall Street, in the City of London, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN RAILWAY
CHAIRS AND SLEEPERS," to be as follows:-
I take two or more suitable pieces of wood and bolt or fix them together
to get a sleeper of the requisite size; I make a chair with a tongue piece to
insert between the pieces of wood. This chair I sometimes make of wrought
iron and cast iron combined, the tongue and jaws I make of wrought iron
and the sides of cast iron, which are fixed to the tongue; sometimes I make
the sides of wrought iron and fix them to the tongue; sometimes I use the
wrought-iron part only by fixing it either in the incision in the sleeper, or
fixing it to the sides of the sleeper. I pass a bolt through this tongue piece,
which holds the chair in its place. I also make suitable incisions in solid
sleepers, into these incisions the tongue piece on the chair is passed and is
bolted to the sleeper. I also make a chair with a tongue piece; this tongue
piece is hollowed in the centre, so that when the rail is in the chair it bears on
the sleeper instead of on the chair. I also make chairs with the edge of the
bottom turned off to prevent cutting into the sleepers; I use a split iron iron
key to fasten the rails, putting wood or some other elastic body between ; some-
times I pass a screw bolt through the side of the chair to fasten the rails.
MENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF VERMIN TRAPS
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Brailsford at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 1st De-
cember 1863.
I, RICHARD BRAILSFORD, of Knowsley, in the County of Lancaster, Trainer
of Dogs, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF VERMIN TRAPS," to be as follows:-
The various parts of my vermin traps are made of open wire or other metal
work. The body part is of any desired shape, and is provided with a suitable
number of openings or entrances fitted with doors. At their upper part the
said doors are hinged and connected to, or fitted to abbut against, springs which
serve to close the doors and keep them closed when the trap is unlocked or
Check apparatus hinged to projecting parts of the trap are also pro-
vided to rest against, at an angle, and prevent the said doors from being
opened by force or pressure against the door from the inside of the trap.
Each door is also provided with a lever, and there is a jointed securing lever
and "tumbler balance "employed, as will be understood from the following
particulars :--
To set the trap for use the door or several doors, as the case may be,
are opened, the springs therefore compressed, and the levers from the door or
doors folded back into a position where they cross, meet, overlap, or lay parallel
to or with each other. Over these levers another lever, hinged or jointed to
the trap is passed, the end of which couples with, rests against, locks, or is

page_text: held by a stud, lever, or projecting piece attached to an ordinary" tumbler
balance" inside the trap, the bait is placed on the "tumbler balance," and as
soon as the vermin enter and unbalance the "tumbler" the several levers are
unlocked or released, the doors closed by the force of the springs, the check
apparatus or pieces fall against the doors, and thus the vermin is or are 5
securely caught.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS USED WHEN GIVING MOTION TO SEWING MACHINES BY STRAPS OR BANDS
Year: 1863

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James Cumming, of the Great Western Road,
Glasgow, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS USED WHEN
GIVING MOTION TO SEWING MACHINES BY STRAPS OR BANDS."
Sealed the 21st June 1864, and dated the 29th December 1863.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James Cumming at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his 'Petition, on the 29th
December 1863.
I, JAMES CUMMING, of the Great Western Road, Glasgow, do hereby
declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS USED
WHEN GIVING MOTION TO SEWING MACHINES BY STRAPS OR BANDS," to be as
follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in apparatus used when
giving motion to sewing machines by straps or bands. For these purposes a
lever stop is employed, which is somewhat heavier at one end than the other,
by which there is a tendency in the lighter end to rise up or act against the
strap used for driving a sewing machine. The driving strap as it passes away
or descends from the pulley of a sewing machine acts against the lighter end,
of the lever stop, and such stop whilst the strap is moved in the direction for
correctly driving the sewing machine retains the lighter end of the stop,

page_text: sufficiently depressed, but immediately the strap is caused to move in the
opposite direction the lever stop rises or comes against and acts on the strap,
which becomes tightly held between the lighter end of the lever stop and a
fixed point on the other side of the strap or band. In place of the lever
stop being acted on by weight it may be acted on by a spring. By these
means the driving of a sewing machine in the wrong direction will be
prevented.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PRODUCING IMITATION GILDING ON PAPER-HANGINGS AND OTHER SURFACES, ALSO IN METAL LEAF AND METALLIC OR BRONZE POWDER SUITABLE FOR THE PURPOSE
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Erwood at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 23rd February
1863.
I, JOHN ERWOOD, of 91, Goswell Street, in the County of Middlesex, Paper
Stainer, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN PRODUCING IMITATION GILDING ON PAPER-HANGINGS AND OTHER SURFACES, ALSO
IN METAL LEAF AND METALLIC OR BRONZE POWDER SUITABLE FOR THE PURPOSE," to
be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in producing imitation
gilding on paper-hangings and other surfaces, also in metal leaf and metallic
or bronze powder suitable for the purpose. In producing imitation gilding
on paper-hangings and other surfaces it is now common to employ a metallic
leaf, known as Dutch metal, and a metallic powder or finely divided leaf,
called bronze powder, is also made use of, these both, however, lose their
brightness in a short time. According to my Invention I employ in place of
these materials a metallic leaf prepared from gold colored alloys of copper and
aluminium (I use about 10 parts of aluminium and 90 parts of copper) by
rolling, annealing, and beating the said alloy, and I apply the said leaf to the
paper or surface to receive the imitation gilding in the same manner as that
in which Dutch metal is commonly applied. I also employ for the same
purpose a metallic powder made from the same material, and this I apply
in the same manner as that in which ordinary bronze powder is commonly
applied.
In producing the metallic leaf from the alloy of copper and aluminium, I

page_text: employ the processes now adopted for making Dutch metal, and in producing
the improved bronze powder from the alloy of copper and aluminium, I employ
the processes of rolling, beating, stamping, and grinding, as is practised in
making ordinary bronze powder. Imitation gilding produced with the
leaf or powder of an alloy of copper and aluminium is much more durable
than that produced either with Dutch metal or ordinary bronze powder.
IMPROVEMENTS IN HORSE-RAXES
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Davey at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 1st June 1863.
I, JOHN DAVEY, of Crafthole, in the County of Cornwall, Agricultural
Implement Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN HORSE-RAXES," to be as follows:-
My Invention of "Improvements in Horse-rakes" has for its object to
give increased rigidity and strength to the implement, and also to lighten the
draught. To this end I form the "head" of the implement of trussed iron,
by connecting together, by bolting or otherwise, two pieces of concave iron,
which are supported or trussed from the inside by blocks of iron, wood, or
other suitable material. The teeth are also made of trussed iron formed of
two pieces of concave iron welded together at the ends and filled in or partially
filled in with wood.
The next improvement consists in adapting to the inner ends of the handles
wheels to support the implement and lighten the draught. By this means the
implement will not drag on the land, thereby preventing injury to the seed of
clover and grasses that may be sown. The suspension of the head by means
of the wheels above mentioned will prevent the grain from being knocked or
beaten out while being collected. A spring fastening is applied to the handles
in order to prevent the rake from turning over while in use.
IMPROVEMENTS IN AND MACHINERY FOR COMBING OR DRESSING SILK, FLAX, WOOL, HEMP, CHINA GRASS, OR OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Taylor Burrow at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 6th April
1863.
I, TAYLOR BURROW, of Albert Place, Brighouse, near Normanton, in the
County of York, Silk Spinner, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN AND MACHINERY FOR COMBING OR DRESSING
SILK, FLAX, WOOL, HEMP, CHINA GRASS, OR OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS," to be as
follows:-
This Invention relates to improvements in and machinery for combing
or dressing silk, flax, wool, hemp, china grass, or other fibrous materials, by
means of two revolving combs, which comb both ends of the fibre before it
leaves the machine. The machine is constructed with two revolving combs or
rollers, one for combing the first end of the fibre, and the other for combing
the tail end, instead of employing gills for cleaning the tail end as in ordinary
machines. The first end of the fibre having been cleaned by the revolving
comb or roller, the "porcupine" and "retainer" being fixed in a slide are
caused to move forward by a lever motion and place the cleaned end between
a continuous sheet and a "dish." The "dish" is made to fall and take hold
of the fibre. The "porcupine" is then drawn back, leaving the length of
fibre between the sheet and "dish," and the tail end is then cleaned by the
second roller. The dish is then caused (by a cam motion) to rise gently from
the fibre and sheet, and the latter is then moved forward just sufficient to take
in the length of fibre just combed. By this time a fresh quantity of fibre has

page_text: been cleaned by the first roller, and is brought forward and laid between the
sheet and "dish," and so on as before, and thus a continuous "lap" is pro-
duced. The motion of the rollers is caused by a cam, which acts in concert
with the cam motion of the slide, the latter being moved to and fro by means
of two cranks, one on each side of the machine.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR REDUCING COCOA-NUT KERNELS AND OTHER SUBSTANCES TO A STATE OF PULP
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Charles Wilson at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 12th June
1863.
I, JOHN CHARLES WILSON, of 14a, Cannon Street, London, Civil &
Mechanical Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR REDUCING COCOA-NUT KERNELS AND OTHER
SUBSTANCES TO A STATE OF PULP," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to machinery for reducing the kernels of nuts &
other substances to a state of pulp. This operation has been hitherto
performed either by edge stones, which are cumbersome and tedious in
operation, or by grooves and plain rollers, which have been only partially suc-
cessful in consequence of the grooves soon getting filled up with the material
passing through them, and being with difficulty kept clean by scraping when
the machine is at rest. In this Invention grooved and plain rollers are used,
but the defect above alluded to is obviated by making the grooved rollers with
holes in the bottom of the grooves, so as to allow the material to be squeezed
through them into the interior of the roller, from whence it falls ou tat the
ends down between the plain rollers, and is there finally crushed.
This Invention also consists in perforating one or both of the plain rollers

page_text: with holes, and covering it or them with a strand or cord of twisted hair, so as
to partially express the oil or other fluid part of the substance under treatment
through these perforations into the interior of the roller, keeping out the more
solid part, which falls down by itself below.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR STEAMING AND OPENING COTTON AND OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Williams at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 29th August
1863.
I, THOMAS WILLIAMS, of the City of Manchester, in the County of
Lancaster, Cotton Spinner, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR STEAMING AND OPENING
COTTON AND OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in the employment of a chest or chamber
surrounded with a hollow casing or jacket communicating with a steam boiler
and having perforations leading into the chest, and the casing is provided
with the ordinary valves for maintaining the uniform temperature of the
steam and taking off the waste water. When the cotton or material has
entered the chest it is acted upon by the steam, and thereby effectually
opened and steamed, and by means of the casing or jacket the radiation of
heat is greatly prevented, and therefore the steam is maintained at a proper
temperature with a small amount of fuel.
IMPROVEMENTS IN STOPPERS OR BUNGS FOR CLOSING OR STOPPING BOTTLES, JARS, AND OTHER VESSELS, AND THE MUZZLES OF RIFLES, AND FOR OTHER LIKE PURPOSES
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Maschwitz at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 22nd
May 1863. A communication from abroad by Ferdinand Krauskopf,
of No. 10, Peterhoff Prospect, St. Petersburg, in the Empire of
Russia.
I, CHARLES MASCHWITZ, the younger, of Birmingham, in the County of
Warwick, Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN STOPPERS OR BUNGS FOR CLOSING OR STOPPING BOTTLES, JARS,
AND OTHER VESSELS, AND THE MUZZLES OF RIFLES, AND FOR OTHER LIKE PURPOSES,"
to be as follows:-
The said Invention consists in making stoppers or bungs for closing or
stopping bottles, jars, and other vessels, and the muzzles of rifles, and for
other like purposes, capable of being made to contract and expand in diameter
in that part of the stopper or bung which fits into the opening to be closed as
herein-after explained. The said stoppers or bungs are made of vulcanized
india-rubber and consist of a cylindrical or slightly conical body which fits in
the opening to be closed, the upper end of the said body being provided with a
flange or head. The diameter of the said body is somewhat greater than that
of the opening to be closed by it. In the axis of the body a hole is made, the
said hole passing through the flange or head to nearly the bottom of the said
body, and in the said hole a metallic or other rod, having a button at top, is
placed and fixed. The said rod is fixed in the axis of the body by its end
engaging in the closed end of the body. By pressing the button of the

page_text: central rod towards the flange or head of the stopper or bung the body is
elongated and reduced in diameter. When in this state the said body is
introduced into the opening to be closed, and the pressure is then removed
from the central rod. The elasticity of the india-rubber causes the body to
resume its normal size or nearly so, and thereby to fix itself firmly in the
opening into which it has been inserted. To remove the stopper or bung it is
only necessary to press upon the central rod, when the body is again elongated
and reduced in diameter, and the said stopper or bung can be readily with-
drawn from the opening.
Instead of causing the elongation of the body by direct pressure on the
central rod, the said rod may be made to advance in the body by means of a
screwing action.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CONDENSERS APPLICABLE TO WOOL-CARDING ENGINES
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Emile Alcan, at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 21st September
1863. A communication from abroad by Leon Gauchez, of - Brussels,
Belgium.
I, EMILE ALCAN, of King Street, in the City of London, Merchant, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
CONDENSERS APPLICABLE TO WOOL-CARDING ENGINES," to be as follows:-
The condenser is to be applied in the usual manner to any finishing carding
engine, and consists of three or more rollers of tin or other material covered
with leather or other suitable material, and placed as represented at Figure 1.
These rollers are arranged in groups of three or more as represented at
Figure 2, and are supported in a frame movable or otherwise. The rollers
have both an oscillating and rotary motion. The oscillating and rotary
motions are both variable, that is to say, the speed of the various rollers is the
same or progressive, the roller nearest the doffer running at a given speed,
and the next roller running at the same or a greater speed, and so on through
the entire series as may be desired; the oscillating motion is also adjustable.
The rotary motion is communicated from any portion of the carding engine by
means of belts, or by toothed wheels, or otherwise. By means of toothed or
friction wheels of different sizes, different degrees of speed can be imparted to
the different rollers at the same time. The oscillating motion is produced by
an adjustable cam arranged so that more or less motion may be given to the

page_text: different rollers. The upper rollers are capable of being moved at any time
by hand without stopping the machine; they are also arranged so that by
means of screws a greater or less, pressure. can be given to the thread or
material passing between the rollers.
AN IMPROVED APPLICATION OF HYDRAULIC APPARATUS FOR LOWERING FULL CASKS AND OTHER GOODS, AND RAISING EMPTY CASKS OR VESSELS
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Easton at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 26th March
1863.
I, EDWARD EASTON, of the Grove, Southwark, in the County of Surrey,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN
IMPROVED APPLICATION OF HYDRAULIC APPARATUS FOR LOWERING FULL CASKS AND
OTHER GOODS, AND RAISING EMPTY CASKS OR VESSELS," to be as follows:-
The chief object of this Invention is to facilitate the deposit of barrels of
beer in publicans' cellars, and the removal of empty casks therefrom. To this
end I provide immediately below the trap or street entrance to the cellar a
table or platform for receiving the barrels. This platform I mount on a
hydraulic ram which works in a cylinder sunk in the ground to such a depth
as will allow of the platform sinking to the level (or nearly so) of the cellar
floor. In connection with the bottom of this cylinder I bring an elevated
water tank for supplying water to the hydraulic lift, and this connection I
open or close at pleasure by means of a cock under the command of the
attendant. In order to lower a full cask or or casks water is first let into
the cylinder, and the ram forced up until the receiving platform is on a
level or nearly so with the street. In this position the platform may be
maintained until it is loaded by merely turning the stop-cock. When the
platform is ready to descend the cock is opened and the weight of the load
acting on the plunger will gradually force the water in the cylinder back into

page_text: the elevated tank, thereby allowing the platform to descend slowly to the
floor of the cellar. The cock is then to be turned off, and the platform being
unloaded it is ready to ascend again. The pressure of the water I so arrange
that it shall be equal to take up a load of empty casks; every ascent therefore
of the platform to receive a fresh load may be employed for raising the
empty casks from the cellar. The advantage of this arrangement of hydraulic
apparatus is that it will require no special pumping apparatus to set it in action.
The Invention also applies to the stowage of a variety of goods on premises on
which they are intended either to be consumed or distributed.
IMPROVED HYDRAULIC MACHINERY FOR RAISING WATER IN MINES, WELLS, AND OTHER PLACES
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Mawson and James
Whitehead at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their,
Petition, on the 20th January 1863.
We, WILLIAM MAWSON and JAMES WHITEHEAD, both of Calverley, near
Leeds, in the County of York, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVED HYDRAULIC MACHINERY FOR RAISING WATER IN MINES,
WELLS, AND OTHER PLACES," to be as follows:-
In ordinary bydraulic machinery stuffing boxes are used packed with hemp
or cupped leathers, and frequently copper collars are employed. Now the
object and intention of this Invention is to dispense with the necessity for
employing stuffing boxes in hydraulic machines, and thereby to avoid friction
at such parts. We propose to effect this by the following means:-The
piston, plunger, or ram, which is formed less in diameter than the bore of the
cylinder in which it works, and to the bottom of said ram a piece or pceies of
leather of semicircular form are affixed, so that the water pressing against said
leather forces it against the circular bore of the cylinder and makes a perfectly
water-tight joint. We propose to form the said cylinder of a solid square piece
of metal bored out at its centre and open at top (baving no stuffing box) to
receive the ram; said cylinder is to be fitted in an oblong cistern containing
water; two small pumps fitted with suitable valves are also fitted in said
cistern, and said pumps are worked by a two-throw crank shaft for injecting
water into the square cylinder aforesaid for lifting the ram, and imparting
motion to a long lever, an antifriction roller being adapted to the head of the
ram upon which said lever rests; the short end of this lever has its fulcrum

page_text: on a strong pin fixed in a standard, and the longer end of said lever is con-
nected to the pump rod leading down the shaft of the mine, pit, or other
place, from which the water is to be raised. By these means a great saving
of power may be effected.
AN IMPROVED GAS COCK OF ELASTIC AND CONTINUOUS PRES- SURE
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Zacharie Joseph Mercier at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 17th
September 1868.
İ, ZACHARIE JOSEPH MERCIER, of No. 50, Rue de Longchamp, Chaillot, in
the City of Paris, France, Mechanician, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "AN IMPROVED GAS COCK OF ELASTIC AND CONTINUOUS PRES-
SURE," to be as follows:-
My improved gas cock may be applied to any gaslight apparatus, public or
private, but is more especially intended for street lamps. It prevents any
escape of gas by the seat of the cock, escapes which are not prevented in the
ordinary stop-cock, inasmuch as the tightness of the screw which fixes the plug
to the seat is never regular, the said screw loosening either by wear, or by the
expansion of the metal. Besides this already important result, the elastic and
continuous pressure which I obtain permits the adoption of the balance lever
already known, without fear that the weight of the said balance lever in coming
down may not close the cock, and the cock having always, and notwithstanding
the variations of temperature, the same pressure, is never hard to turn.
My gas cock is composed of the barrel, which is pierced with a conical hole
called the seat of the plug entering the seat, and serving to open or shut the
cock according to the direction in which it is turned. One of the ends of the
plug carries a balance lever, so that the cock may be opened and shut, using
a rod or stick, and the lighter of a street lamp will require no ladder. The
other end of the plug, and it is this that forms the main feature of my Inven-

page_text: tion, passes about an inch beyond the seat, this part, near the seat, and for
about of an inch is square, but the continuation is cylindrical, the square
part receives a washer, and on the cylindrical extension is placed a spiral
spring. By means of a jacket or cap, which is placed over and firmly screwed
to the end of the extension, the said spiral spring presses against the washer,
and tends always to draw the plug in the direction opposed to the balance
lever, and this constitutes an elastic and continuous pressure always equal.
My arrangement of the plug, washer, spiral spring cap which covers the
spring, and of the screw which fixes the cap to the plug, causes an elastic
and continuous pressure, which prevents any escape of gas.
IMPROVED MEANS POR VENTILATING MINES
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Isaac Mark Evans and William
Thomas Griffiths at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 21st March 1863.
We, ISAAC MARK EVANS, of Cefu Mawr, in the County of Denbigb, and
WILLIAM THOMAS GRIFFITHS, of Merthyr Tydvil, in the County of Glamorgan,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVED MEANS POR
VENTILATING MINES," to be as follows:-
Our Invention has for its object the ventilating of mines in an efficient
manner by means of steam and heated air without the use of open furnaces or
fires, and we now prefer to adopt the following arrangements:-We erect,
contiguous to the upper part of the upcast shaft, a tower or structure open at
the top (except as hereafter stated), and we lead from the lower part of this
tower or structure hot air tube or tubes in communication with a fire-clay
pipe or channel formed at one or at each side of the furnace in the form of a
channel or hollow part of the brickwork of the furnace of a steam boiler, the
air in this pipe being thus heated in the furnace and supplying the interior of
the tower or structure at the lower part; and we prefer to carry a steam pipe
from the top of the said steam boiler into an upper point of the interior of the
said tower or structure, at the end of which steam pipe we provide a steam
box having a ring of jet pipes projecting upwards therefrom; and above this
steam box we also prefer to have attached, at or near the top of the tower or
structure, an inverted cone or dome, to the end that a quick and adjusted
draught may be attained. The tower or structure containing the inverted

page_text: cone or dome may be widened out so as to have greater interior area in the
upper part thereof, and the inverted cone or dome may be raised or lowered
for adjusting the draught. The bottom of the tower aforesaid we make
inclining to the centre, so as to be able to form a drain to carry off any con-
densed water that may fall. For mines having
For mines having one shaft only the above
arrangements may be connected with the upcast side of the brattice. By the
above described arrangements the hot air and steam in the tower or structure
will cause a powerful draught in the upcast and in the connected workings,
proper downcast shaft or passage being provided. Instead of placing the
furnace and boiler outside the tower or structure aforesaid, we can have the
same or portions thereof placed in such tower or structure.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF LACE IN TWIST LACE MACHINES
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Butler at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 13th January
1863..
I, THOMAS BUTLER, Manager, in the employ of Messrs. Williams and
Maxton, of Nottingham, Lace Manufacturers, do hereby declare the nature
of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF LACE IN TWIST
LACE MACHINES," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in the manufacture of lace
in twist lace machines. For these purposes the warp, or longitudinal threads
of which a lace is to be composed, are arranged in sets, in order that each set
may be woven into a band or narrow weaving by means of two carriage
threads, which are caused, by the shogging of the warp threads composing a
set, to pass alternately under and over the neighbouring warp threads, so as to
produce tabby weavings. In addition to the longitudinal warp threads com-
posing a set, and the two carriage threads which are employed to weft the
same into a narrow tabby weaving, there is an additional warp thread, which
is caused to be laid in a zig-zag direction to and fro across one surface of the
narrow fabric produced, as above explained, and such zig-zags of this warp
are fastened to the surface of the weaving by causing the zig-zag warp thread
to link or twist with the two carriage threads alternately. The warp threads
composing the neighbouring bands or narrow weavings are at intervals
(according to the pattern of lace desired to be produced), caused to be con-
nected or to pass across each other, and in order to produce purls or loops on

page_text: either edge of the band, the zig-zags of the extra warps are caused to extend
beyond the width of the bands or narrow weavings, and they are retained by
threads which are afterwards withdrawn.
IMPROVEMENTS IN COVERING WIRE AND OTHER IRON ARTICLES FOR THE PURPOSE OF PROTECTING THEM FROM OXIDATION, AND IN THE MODE OR METHOD EMPLOYED THEREIN
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Henry Harrison at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 19th
January 1863.
I, WILLIAM HENRY HARRISON, of Haverfordwest, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN COVERING WIRE AND
OTHER IRON ARTICLES FOR THE PURPOSE OF PROTECTING THEM FROM OXIDATION,
AND IN THE MODE OR METHOD EMPLOYED THEREIN," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates more particularly to the coating or covering of iron wire
which has to be exposed to the oxidizing influence of sea water or sulphurous
or saline vapours, and it is therefore more especially adapted to the protection
of electro telegraphic wires and iron wires composing submarine telegraph
cables, but is also applicable to the protection of other kinds or descriptions of
iron articles to which the process of compression or consolidation, by drawing,
rolling, or burnishing, may be applied to the metallic covering or coating;
and it consists in immersing the object to be protected, first, in a bath of
metallic alloy in which lead is present, but of which tin or zinc forms a large
proportion, then after the object has been so coated treating it mechanically,
by drawing, rolling, or burnishing, and afterwards immersing the object so
coated and treated in a second bath of suitable alloy, composed entirely or
nearly entirely of lead tempered or regulated in its degree of metallic hardness
by the addition of bismuth or other suitable metal, when the article.may again
be submitted to mechanical treatment as before. The two operations of

page_text: coating, and the mechanical treatment may be a continous process, as the one
bath may be in advance of the other, and the cone, die, or other mechanical
apparatus may be interposed between the two baths. For coating plates or
sheets and other similar articles, rollers will have to be substituted for the
cone-hole draw plate. In every case the first bath must contain a sufficient
proportion of lead to ensure an affinity between the surface of the first coating
and the metallic contents of the second bath, and thus the degree of hardness
is made to vary from the centre to the outer surface of the second coating, and
this in the case of iron wire enables it to be bent, twisted, or knotted without
displacing the metallic coatings, as is usually the case with iron wires coated
with zinc or tin, owing to the imperfect adhesion and similarity of density or
hardness which does not permit of the coating accommodating itself to the
alteration of form.
IMPROVE- MENTS OF STILLS OR RETORTS FOR THE DISTILLATION OF PETROLEUM OR TABS PROM COAL OR SHALE OR THE PRODUCTS THEREOF
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Anthony Gapper Southby at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 19th
November 1863.
I, ANTHONY GAPPER SOUTHBY, of Bulford, in the County of Wilts,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS OF STILLS OR RETORTS FOR THE DISTILLATION OF PETROLEUM OR TABS PROM
COAL OR SHALE OR THE PRODUCTS THEREOF," to be as follows:-
These improvements consist in arranging a series of stills or retorts at
different levels, so that tar poured into the uppermost one will descend to the
lowest, so that what remains may be drawn from it or them either inter-
mittantly on cooling the still, or continuously in a liquid state through a
refrigerator.