IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF COFERED SPADES AND SHOVELS, SOUGHING AND GRAFTING TOOLS, AND OTHER IMPLEMENTS OF A LIKE NATURE
Year: 1840

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, LUKE
HEBERT, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Civil Engineer, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her present most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by
Her Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing dato
at Westminster, the Seventh day of March, in the third year of Her reign,
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said Luke
Hebert, Her especial licence, full power, sole privilege and authority, that
I, the said Luke Hebert, my exors, adñors, and assigns, or such others as
I, the said Luke Hebert, my exors, admors, or assigns, should at any time
agree with, and no others, from time to time, and at all times during the term
of years therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise,
and vend, within England, Wales, and the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed,
the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF COFERED SPADES AND
SHOVELS, SOUGHING AND GRAFTING TOOLS, AND OTHER IMPLEMENTS OF A LIKE
NATURE," which Invention was communicated to me by a foreigner residing
abroad; in which said Letters Patent there is contained a proviso that I, the
said Luke Hebert, shall cause a particular description of the said Invention,
and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be inrolled in Her said
Majesty's High Court of Chancery, within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said in part recited Letters Patent, as in

page_text: and by the same, reference being thereunto nau, winn more runy and at large
appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
Luke Hebert, do hereby declare that the nature of my said Invention
consists in an improved arrangement of or method of placing the steel
used in forming the edges and blades of cofered spades and shovels, soughing
and grafting tools, and the like cofered instruments.
In the ordinary mode of manufacturing cofered instruments (and I will
describe the making of a spade for the purpose of this explanation), the
workman takes two pieces of iron called "half moulds," of the shape
represented in plan in Figure 1, and in section in Figure 2, in the accompanying
Drawing; between these two (that is, a pair of) half moulds, a wedge-shaped
piece of steel, represented at Figures 3 and 4, is introduced as shewn in
Figure 5; the three pieces are then subjected to the ordinary process of
welding to unite them into one piece, and by hammering or rolling the
combined mass it is "plated out" or extended to the desired form for a spade,
leaving the requisite cavity called the cofer for the reception of the lower ex-
tremity of the handle. Now, the chief imperfection of this mode of manufacture
consists in the erroneous position of the piece of steel, as will be rendered
obvious by reference to the dotted line in Figure 5, which shews the direction
in which the spade, shovel, or other implement will be worn away by use,
and that then the cutting or working edge, which is a chisel, and not an axe
edge, is always produced out of the upper iron plate instead of the steel.
This iron edge, it is well known, after a short wear becomes bent and torn, and
thereby not only works unpleasantly, but from the means of attachment which
the irregular edge affords to the soil, speedily becomes foul, and hence increases
considerably the labour of working with such implements.
The object of my improvements is to increase the durability and efficiency
of the implements, and as a consequence of the latter quality, to reduce the
labour of the workman. For this purpose, I take a pair of half moulds and
weld them together first, and then take a piece of steel, as used in the ordinary
manufacture, and place it on the exterior or upper surface of the two welded
half moulds, as shewn by Figure 6, and weld it on the cavity called the cofer,
being formed or preserved in the usual manner. By this plan, after " plating
out," the spade, by hammering or rolling the piece of steel, will cover the
greater part of the face of the implement, and will thus form the constant
edge of the same, the wear of the tool always producing and maintaining a
sharp chisel-formed edge, which cuts its way with unusual facility, and from
the superior hardness of the steel face it works bright and clear under

page_text: circumstances which render ordinary iron-faced implements corroded and
foul.
Having described the nature of the Invention, and the manner of carrying
it into effect, I declare my exclusive claim thercon to consist, first, in welding
the two half moulds together before steeling them; and, secondly, in attaching
or welding the steel on to the face of one of the half moulds used in the
manufacture of cofered spades, shovels, soughing and grafting tools, or other
cofered implements of a like nature, in manner herein-before described. And
such my Invention being to the best of my knowledge and belief entirely
new, and never before used within that part of Her said Majesty's United
Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, called England, Her said Dominion
of Wales, or Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, I do hereby declare this to
be my Specification of the same, and that I do verily believe this my said
Specification doth comply in all respects, fully and without reserve or disguise,
with the proviso in the said herein-before in part recited Letters Patent con-
tained. Wherefore I hereby claim to maintain exclusive right and privilege to
the said Invention.
In witness whereof, I, the said Luke Hebert, have hereunto set my'
hand and seal, this Fourth day of September, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and forty.
AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the Fourth day of September, in
the year of our Lord 1840, the aforesaid Luke Hebert came before our said
Lady the Queen in Her Chancery, and acknowledged the Specification
aforesaid, and all and everything therein contained and specified, in form
above written. And also the Specification aforesaid was stamped according
to the tenor of the Statute made for that purpose.
Inrolled the Fifth day of September, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and forty.

page_text: In the Matter of Letters Patent granted to LUKE HEBERT, of Birming
ham, in the County of Warwick, Civil Engineer and Patent Agent,
under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date at Westminster,
the Seventh day of March, in the third year of the reign of Her
Majesty Queen Victoria, for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF
COFERED SPADES AND SHOVELS, SOUGHING AND GRAFTING TOOLS, AND
OTHER IMPLEMENTS OF A LIKE NATURE."
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WALTER
ADAMS LYNDON, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Edge Tool
Manufacturer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date at Westminster,
the Seventh day of March, in the third year of Her reign, did, for Herself,
Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto one Luke Hebert, of Birming-
ham, in the County of Warwick, Civil Engineer and Patent Agent, Her
especial licence, full power, sole privilege, and authority, that he, the said
Luke Hebert, his exors, adñiors, and assigns, or such others as he, the said
Luke Hebert, his exors, admors, and assigns, should at any time agree with,
and no others, from time to time and at all times during the term of years
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend,
within England, Wales, and the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, his Invention
of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF COFERED SPADES AND SHOVELS, SOUGH-
ING AND GRAFTING TOOLS, AND OTHER IMPLEMENTS OF A LIKE NATURE," communi-
cated to him by a certain foreigner residing abroad: and whereas the said Luke
Hebert, in pursuance of a proviso contained in the said Letters Patent, did
particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in
what manner the same were to be performed, by an instrument in writing under
his hand and seal, and caused the same to be inrolled in Her Majesty's High
Court of Chancery on the Fifth day of September, One thousand eight hun-
dred and forty, being within the period prescribed by the said Letters Patent;
and whereas by an indenture dated the First day of February, One thousand
eight hundred and forty-one, and made between the said Luke Hebert of the first
part, me, the said Walter Adams Lyndon, of the second part, and Sarah Maria
Lyndon, of the Parish of Handsworth, in the County of Stafford, spinster, of
the third part, and duly executed by the said Luke Hebert and me, the said
Walter Adams Lyndon, after reciting the granting of the before-mentioned
Letters Patent to the said Luke Hebert, and the due inrolment of the Speci-

page_text: fication thereof by him, and also reciting that the said Luke Hebert obtained
the said Letters Patent as the agent and trustee of me, the said Walter Adams
Lyndon, who had paid all the incidental expenses attending the obtaining and
perfecting the said Letters Patent, and also the expenses of inrolling a proper
Specification thereto, as he, the said Luke Hebert, did thereby acknowledge,
and the said Luke Hebert had agreed to assign the said Letters Patent to me,
the said Walter Adams Lyndon, and my assigns, or as I should appoint, and
reciting that I, the said Walter Adams Lyndon, had applied to and requested
the said Luke Hebert to assign the said Letters Patent, and all benefits and
advantages thereof, unto the said Sarah Maria Lyndon, which he, the said
Luke Hebert, had agreed to do, in manner therein-after mentioned; it was
witnessed that in pursuance of the said agreement, and for carrying the same
into effect, and for the consideration therein mentioned, the said Luke Hebert,
at the request and by the direction and appointment of me, the said Walter
Adams Lyndon, testified as therein mentioned, did grant, bargain, sell, assign,
transfer, and set over unto the said Sarah Maria Lyndon, her exors, adñiors,
and assigns, the said Letters Patent, together with all rights, privileges, powers,
authorities, benefits, and advantages whatsoever incident to or conferred by the
said Letters Patent, and all the estate, right, title, interest, property, claim, and
demand whatsoever, both at law and in equity, of him, the said Luke Hebert,
in, to, out of, or upon the said Letters Patent and premises; to hold the said
Letters Patent, and all and singular the premises thereby assigned unto the
said Sarah Maria Lyndon, her exors, adñiors, and assigns, as and for her and
their own absolute property, for and during all the residue and remainder then
to come and unexpired of the term of fourteen years granted by the said
Letters Patent, and in the said indenture were contained covenants by the
said Luke Hebert, that he has not incumbered, and for further assurance;
and whereas by an indenture, dated the second day of April, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and forty-one, and made between the
said Sarah Maria Lyndon, of the one part, and me, the said Walter Adams
Lyndon of the other part, and duly executed by the said Sarah Maria Lyndon,
and me, the said Walter Adams Lyndon, after reciting the granting of the
said Letters Patent to the said Luke Hebert, and his obtaining the same, as
the agent of me, the said Walter Adams Lyndon, and the conveyance of such
Letters Patent by the said Luke Hebert, by the direction and appointment
of me, the said Walter Adams Lyndon, by the before recited indenture to the
said Sarah Maria Lyndon, and reciting that the said Sarah Maria Lyndon was
intended to be and was a trustee only for me, the said Walter Adams Lyndon
and she had no further or other interest in the said Letters Patent, and I, the

page_text: said Walter Adams Lyndon, being desirous that the same should be assigned
and transferred to me, had applied to and requested the said Sarah Maria
Lyndon to transfer the same, which she had consented to do in manner therein-
after mentioned; it was witnessed that in pursuance of the said agreement and
for the considerations therein mentioned, she, the said Sarah Maria Lyndon,
granted, bargained, sold, assigned, transferred, and set over unto me, the said
Walter Adams Lyndon, the said therein and herein-before recited Letters Patent,
together with all the rights, privileges, powers, authorities, benefits, and advan-
tages whatsoever incident to or conferred by the said Letters Patent, and all
the estate, right, title, interest, property, benefit, claim, and demand whatever,
both at law and in equity, of her, the said Sarah Maria Lyndon, in, to, out of,
or upon the said Letters Patent and premises, to hold the same unto me, the
said Walter Adams Lyndon, my exors, admors, and assigns, as and for my and
their own absolute property, for and during all the residue and remainder then
to come and unexpired of the term of fourteen years granted by the said
Letters Patent as aforesaid, and in the said indenture were contained cove-
nants by the said Sarah Maria Lyndon, that she had not incumbered, and
for further assurance; and whereas I, the said Walter Adams Lyndon, am
desirous, for good and sufficient reasons, herein-after mentioned, to enter a Dis-
claimer of such part of the said Specification as is herein-after mentioned, and
also to enter a Memorandum of Alteration, as herein-after mentioned, in the
said Specification, and in the title of the said Invention, and have obtained the
leave of Her Majesty's Attorney-General, certified by his fiat and signature, to
enter such Disclaimer and Memorandum of Alteration according to the form
of the Statute in that case made and provided.
KNOW YE THEREFORE, that I, the said Walter Adams Lyndon, do
hereby disclaim the following part of the said Specification, that is to say:-
The words "first, in welding the two half moulds together before steeling
them," and also that I, the said Walter Adams Lyndon, do hereby enter the
following Memorandum of Alteration, that is to say, I alter the said Specifica-
tion in the claiming part thereof by omitting the words "and secondly," and by
substituting for the words "steel on to the face of one of the half moulds used
in the manufacture of cofered spades, shovels, soughing or grafting tools, or
other cofered implements of a like nature in manner," the words following,
that is to say, "piece of steel on that surface of the plate of iron formed by the
welding together of the two half moulds, which is intended to be the face of the
spade or other implement, as aforesaid, instead of inserting it as heretofore
between the two half moulds, whereby a better cutting edge and face of steel is
presented to the ground, as," and I alter the title of my said Invention by sub-

page_text: stituting the words "an improvement" for the word "improvements," and by
inserting the word "steeled" before the word "cofered;" and I, the said
Walter Adams Lyndon, do also hereby declare that my reasons for making
and entering the above Disclaimer and Memorandum of Alteration are as
follows, that is to say:-My reason for making the said Disclaimer is, that the
words so disclaimed may be construed to claim as part of the said Invention,
the welding together two half moulds of iron without any steel, for the purpose
of making cofered spades and other implements of a like nature, and if such
construction be put upon such words, the Invention or part of Invention
thereby claimed is not new, inasmuch as for a considerable time before the
date of the said Letters Patent, cofered spades and other implements of a like
nature, formed of iron only, and not steeled or intended to be steeled, have been
made in England by welding together two half moulds of iron only, and my
reason for making the said alteration in the said Specification is in consequence
of the aforesaid Disclaimer, and to render the claiming part of the Specifica-
tion conformable to the context, and to more accurately describe and remove
any ambiguity which may exist as to the nature of the claim made by the said
Specification, and my reason for making the said first-mentioned alteration in
the title of the said Invention, viz, the substitution of the words "an improve-
ment" for "improvements," is that the said Invention is more accurately
described by the singular than by the plural number; and my reason for
making the said secondly-mentioned alteration in the title of the said Inven-
tion, viz, the insertion of the word "steeled" as aforesaid, is that cofered
spades and other like implements have for many years been and now are made
without steel, and no improvement is effected by the said Invention in such
unsteeled cofered spades and other implements; and I, the said Walter Adams
Lyndon, do hereby further declare that the above Disclaimer and Alteration are
not such as will extend the exclusive right granted by the said Letters Patent.
In witness whereof, I, the said Walter Adams Lyndon, have hereto set
my hand and seal, the Fifteenth day of July, One thousand eight
hundred and forty-one.
Signed, sealed, and delivered by the within-
named Walter Adams Lyndon, in the
presence of
GEO. ROBINSON,
W. A. (L.S.) LYNDON.
373, Coventry Road, n' Birmingham, Writing Clerk.

page_text: To the Clerk of the Patents of England.
This is to certify, that the above-named Walter Adams Lyndon, of Bir-
mingham, in the County of Warwick, Edge Tool Manufacturer, and Assignee
of a Patent granted to the above-mentioned Luke Hebert, of the same Town
and County, Civil Engineer & Patent Agent, has applied to me for leave to
enter with you the above-written Disclaimer of part of the title and part of
the Specification of a certain Invention for which Letters Patent were duly
granted to the said Luke Hebert, dated at Westminster, the Seventh day of
March 1840, and the Specification of which was inrolled on the Fifth day of
September 1840, and on considering the said application I directed him to
advertise his Disclaimer in two London newspapers, the London Gazette and
a Country newspaper, and such advertisements having been duly made, that is
to say, in the Morning Chronicle and London Gazette, on the Twenty-second
of June last, in the Times on the Twenty-fourth and in the Birmingham
Journal on the Twenty-sixth of the same month, and no objection having
been made to the said application, I have accordingly granted leave to the
said Walter Adams Lyndon to file his said Disclaimer pursuant to the Statute
passed in the 5th & sixth years of the reign of His late Majesty King William
the Fourth, entitled "An Act to amend the Law touching Letters Patent for
"
AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the Fifteenth day of July, in the
year of our Lord 1841, the aforesaid Walter Adams Lyndon came before our
said Lady the Queen in Her Chancery, and acknowledged the Disclaimer
aforesaid, and all and every thing therein contained and specified, in form
above written. And also the Disclaimer aforesaid was stamped according to
the tenor of the Statute made for that purpose.
Inrolled the Twenty-fourth day of July, in the year of our Lord One
thouand eight hundred ard forty-one.