Year: 1887

page_text: I WILLIAM HACKNEY of 2 Bryn Villas Bryn Road Swansen Civil Engineer (10
hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows :-
Inconvenience is caused in many climates by the drying of inks of all kinds, either
in the bottle, on the pen, in the case of those used for writing, or on the inking pad in
the case of those used on stamps for printing or marking.
This may be prevented, wholly or to a great extent, in the case of inks of which
water is the chief liquid constituent, by adding to the ink some deliquescent substance,
such as chloride of calcium, by preference in the solid state, but this addition, by
itself, has the disadvantage that the writing produced dries as slowly as the unused
ink & that if it dries at all where the ink is used it will again become wet if it be
removed to a moister climate.
This may be prevented by writing on paper impregnated with some substance which
will form, by double decomposition with the chloride of calcium, a salt which is neither
deliquescent nor otherwise objectionable, such as the sulphate or borate of sodium,
potassium, or ammonium or the carbonate of sodium or potasium sulphate of sodium
forms for instance with chloride of calcium sulphate of calcium which is insoluble and
chloride of sodium which when pure is not deliquescent.
As an excess of sulphate of sodium in the paper is not objectionable, this should be
added in such proportion that when the paper has been written on in the ordinary
way, it may be, if possible, in all parts in excess.
It will be desirable that the blotting paper used should also contain sulphate of
sodium.
be
This salt may be introduced into the papers in the process of manufacture, a strong
solution of it being used instead of water for the pulp of which they are made.
this
When ink containing chloride of calcium is used upon ordinary paper,
moistened with a solution of sulphate of sodium, and written or stamped upon
when dry.
may

page_text: Fabrics to be marked with such inks may be treated in a similar way, but this will
not be necessary if care be taken to fix the marking by exposure of the material to
sunlight, or to the heat of a fire, as the case may be before it is rubbed or touched in
any way.
Dated this Fourth day of November 1887
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Inks and in Writing and Blotting Papers.
I WILLIAM HACKNEY, Gentleman, of 2 Bryn Villas Bryn Road, Swansea do
hereby declare the nature of my invention for IMPROVEMENTS IN INKS AND IN
WRITING AND BLOTTING PAPERS and in what manner the same is to be performed,
to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
--
Inconvenience is caused in many climates by the rapid drying of inks of all kinds
either in the bottle, on the pen in the case of those used in writing, or on the inking
pad in the case of those used on stamps for printing or marking.
This may be prevented wholly or to a great extent in the case of inks of which
water is the chief liquid constituent, by adding to the ink some deliquescent
substance, such as chloride of calcium, by preference in the solid state, but this
addition by itself has the disadvantage that the writing produced dries as slowly as
the unused ink, and that if it dry at all where the ink is used it will again become
wet if it be removed to a moister climate.
This may be prevented by writing on paper impregnated with some substance
which will form by double decomposition with the chloride of calcium salts which are
neither deliquescent nor otherwise objectionable, such as the sulphate or borate of
sodium, potassium, or ammonium, or the carbonate of sodium, or potassium.
1 call such substances "fixing salts."
Sulphate of sodium, for instance, forms with chloride of calcium, sulphate of
calcium which is insoluble, and chloride of sodium which when pure is not
deliquescent.
As an excess of sulphate of sodium in the paper is not objectionable, this should be
addled in such proportion that when the paper has been written on in the ordinary
way, it may be if possible in all parts in excess.
In the case of writing which is not to be copied, it is desirable that the blotting
paper used should also contain "fixing salt."
This salt may be introduced into writing paper in the process of manufacture, a
strong solution of it being used instead of water for the pulp of which the paper is
made

page_text: When ink containing chloride of calcium is used upon ordinary paper this may be
moistened with a solution of "fixing salt" and written or stamped upon when dry.
Or instead of using the non-drying ink upon specially prepared paper, or upon paper
thus treated, letters written with it may be simply kept from being rubbed or touched
in any way until the writing on then can be conveniently fixed, which may be done
by pressing for a few seconds between damp, (but not wet) sheets of blotting paper, or
of calico, flannel, or felt prepared with some "fixing salt."
Corrections made with non-drying ink in papers already written, may be fixed by
touching them lightly (after blotting) prefarably using blotting paper containing
"fixing salt," with a small piece of sponge, or woollen rag moistened with the same
solution.
The ink to be used in dry climates may contain any convenient proportion of
chloride of calcium up to saturation, so much being added to the ink in each climate,
as will keep this from drying with inconvenient rapidity.
Fabrics to be marked with such inks may be treated in a similar way.
Letters written with non-drying ink and that have to be copied, should not be
blotted with paper prepared with "fixing salt," as the use of such blotting paper
destroys the copying quality of the ink.
Such letters should be written on ordinary paper and on one side only of the
paper, and should be laid side by side, without blotting, upon a light covered tray
until they can be copied.
Before copying they should be blotted lightly with ordinary blotting paper, and
the leaf to be copied upon in the letter book should be wetted with a strong, by
preference a saturated solution of "fixing salt," instead of with water. By copying
on paper thus prepared the writing of the letter and the copy are both fixed.
Writings that are not to be copied, such as the addresses on envelopes, are
conveniently fixed, after having been blotted, prefarably with prepared paper, by
pressing lightly for a few seconds, with a pad made of several thicknesses of flannel,
or other absorbant material fixed on a board, and moistened with a strong solution of
fixing salt."
(
The pad may be conveniently kept in a tray into which it fits as air tightly as
possible, and which may also have some thicknesses of absorbant material fixed in its
bottom.
:
A pad in regular use may be kept damp by welting it, generally with water, but
about once a week with a strong solution of fixing salt," or instead of occasionally
using a solution of "fixing salt," a quantity of this salt in the solid state profarably a
cake made by fusing it and casting it in a mould of a size to fit the tray, may be
placed in this instead of any absorbant material, and the pad kept upon that. Such a
pad will only need to be wetted with water.
The tray holding the pad may be conveniently weighted,
table, so that it will not be shifted by taking out the pad.
time so inked as to soil the papers which it is used to
become quite dry, & should then be wetted again.
or may be fastened to the
If the pad become at any
fix, it should be allowed to
Pieces of prepared blotting paper may be kept between the leaves of account books
written up with non-drying ink, and will keep these from smudging & gradually fix
the writing so that special fixing with damp blotting paper, or flannel prepared with a
solution of the same salt may not be required.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is
1. The use subsequently to that of chloride of calcium, or any other suitable
deliquescent substance of another substance as described above, such as sulphate of
sodium which will decompose, or combined with the former so that the writing effected
with slowly drying or non-drying ink may then become readily dry and will not tend
to become again damp when exposed to moist air.
2. Treating blotting paper, or flannel, or any other suitable material with sulphate

page_text: .
of sodium, or with any similar body, and using the material so treated as already
described to decompose, or neutralise the effect of the deliquescent substance previously
added to the ink.
3. The method of copying and fixing at the same time as above described, writing
effected with non-drying, or slowly drying ink, by moistening the paper to be
copied upon of the letter book with a strong, or saturated solution of sulphate of
sodium, or other " fixing salt" instead of with water.
*
4. The use as described in the preceeding pages of a pad made of any suitable
material and moistened with a strong solution of some fixing salt" for conveniently
fixing writings effected with such ink and which are not to be copied.
5. The plan of keeping such a moistened pad in a tray into which it fits as air
tightly as possible so that it may be retained damp for a considerable time even if in
a comparatively dry atmosphere.
6. The plan of placing solid "fixing salt" as above described in the bottom of the
tray in which the moistened pad is kept, so that if this be moistened with water
only it may yet take up enough salt from that on which it rests to fix properly any
piece of writing on which it may be lightly pressed.
1
2
1900