IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES MADE OF PLATES, SHEETS, OR BARS OF WROUGHT IRON OR OF STEEL
Year: 1866

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Daniel Evans, of 2, Victoria Place, Green Hundred
Road, Peckham, in the County of Surrey, Engineer, for the Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES MADE OF PLATES, SHEETS,
OR BARS OF WROUGHT IRON OR OF STEEL."
Sealed the 16th October 1866, and dated the 19th April 1866.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Daniel Evans at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
19th April 1866.
I, DANIEL EVANS, of 2, Victoria Place, Green Hundred Road, Peckham,
in the County of Surrey, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES MADE OF PLATES,
SHEETS, OR BARS OF WROUGHT IRON OR OF STEEL," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in the manufacture of
articles made of plates, sheets, or bars of wrought iron or of steel. In order
to construct various articles of plates or sheets of wrought iron or steel, where
the parts of such plates or sheets are brought together at angles, I either weld
then to each other at the angles or to ribs or bars placed at angles to the
plates or sheets; or I form flanges on the edge of the plates or sheets, and
weld these flanges together; or I run into the angles melted iron or steel,
and by such means I avoid the use of rivets in making the required joints.
Thus, supposing in the construction of tanks or other vessels to contain water

page_text: or other fluids, or in the construction of the sides of ships or other floating
vessels or bodies, I desire to connect or join the edges of plates or sheets
together, I use ribs applied at a right or other suitable angle to the parts to
be joined, and the whole are beated for a part of their length to a welding
heat by a portable or other furnace, and the heated parts are then welded by
hammering; or in place of welding the parts together when the same have
been heated I run in melted iron or steel in the angles formed between the
sides of the rib, and the parts of the plates or sheets against which the rib is
placed, so as to fill up or partially fill up the angular spaces, and thus thicken
the parts of the rib, and of the plates or sheets, where they come together and
where the joint is made. In some cases such as when forming girders or other
articles where T and other angle iron or steel, with or without sheets or plates,
are employed, the edges of the parts to be joined are brought together at
angles, generally at right angles, as for instance thus
irons are used, or thus
where four Tangle
where two Tirons and two plates are used.
The parts when brought together into the desired form are heated by a
portable or other furnace for a part of their length, and are then welded at
their angles by hammering whilst a further part of the length is being heated,
and so on till complete. Or in place of welding these parts at the angles
where they come together as the parts are heated as above described I run
in melted iron or steel, so as to fill up the angles to any desired extent, and so
combine the parts.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Daniel Evans in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
19th October 1866.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, 1, DANIEL
EVANS, of 2, Victoria Place, Green Hundred Road, Peckham, in the County.
of Surrey, Engineer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Nineteenth day of April, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-six, in the twenty-ninth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto
me, the said Daniel Evans, Her special licence, that I, the said Daniel

page_text: Evans, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I;
the said Daniel Evans, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should
at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all
times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully
might. make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES MADE OF PLATES, SHEETS,
OR BARS OF WROUGHT IRON OR OF STEEL," upon the condition (amongst others)
that I, the said Daniel Evans, my executors or administrators, by an instru⚫
ment in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should
particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in
what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed
in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Daniel Evans, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement thereof, that is to say :-
This Invention has for its object improvements in the manufacture of articles
made of plates, sheets, or bars of wrought iron or of steel. In order to con-
struct various articles of plates or sheets of wrought iron or steel, where the
parts of such plates or sheets are brought together at angles, I either weld
them to each other at the angles or to ribs or bars placed at angles to the
plates or sheets, or I form flanges on the edges of the plates or sheets and
weld these flanges together; or I run into the angles melted iron or steel,
and by such means I avoid the use of rivets in making the required joints.
Thus, supposing in the construction of tanks or other vessels to contain water
or other fluids, or in the construction of the sides of ships or other floating
vessels or bodies, I desire to connect or join the edges of plates or sheets
together, I use ribs applied at a right or other suitable angle to the parts to be
joined, and the whole are heated for a part of their length to a welding beat
by a portable or other furnace, and the heated parts are then welded by ham-
mering. Or in place of welding the parts together when the same have been
heated I run in melted iron or steel in the angles formed between the sides of
the rib and the parts of the plates or sheets against which the rib is placed,
so as to fill up or partially fill up the angular spaces, and thus thicken the
parts of the rib and of the plates or sheets where they come together, and
where the joint is made. In some cases, such as when forming girders or
other articles, when T and angle iron or steel, with or without sheets or plates,

page_text: are employed, the edges of the parts to be joined are brought together at
angles, generally at right angles, as for instance thus
where four Tangle
irons are used, or thus
I
where two irons and two plates are used.
T
The parts when brought together into the desired form are heated by a portable
or other furnace for a part of their length, and are then welded at their angles
by hammering, whilst a further part of the length is being heated, and so on
till complete. Or in place of welding these at the angles where they come
together as the parts are heated as above described I run in melted iron or
steel, so as to fill up the angles to any desired extent and so combine the parts.
And in order that my said Invention may be most fully understood and
readily carried into effect I will proceed to describe the Drawings hereunto
Lannexed
Figure 1 is a transverse section of a box girder constructed according to
my Invention. The centre piece is formed of double T iron, and the sides
are of two plates rolled with flanges, and the whole welded at the corners, as is
herein-after described. Figure 2 is a transverse section of a box girder
formed of four T pieces welded at the outer angles or amalgamated with
melted iron or steel at each corner, as berein-after described, and as is
indicated by the blue lines; Figure 3 is a transverse section of a girder formed
of double T pieces, the T pieces being welded on the flanges along the dotted
line shewn in the centre; Figure 4 is a transverse section of a girder formed
of two tiers of flanged plates with flat plates between them welded at the
flanges along the dotted lines as shown. Of Figures 1, 3, and 4 I weld any
number together to form girders, bridges, or other constructions of any desired
depth. Figure 5 is a transverse section of a hollow bar formed of two angle
irons rolled and welded at the two other corners to form a square, or they may
be amalgamated together with melted iron or steel, as is indicated by the blue
lines. Figure 6 is a transverse section of a hollow girder formed of two
flanged plates and two straight plates welded together at the corners or amal-
gamated with melted iron or steel, as is indicated by the blue lines; Figure 7
is a transverse section of a cylinder suitable for a ship's mast; it is formed of
four plates welded to centre I pieces as shown; Figure 8 is a similar con-
struction formed of four flanged plates curved and welded to each flange;

page_text: Figure 9 is a cylinder suitable for boilers or other vessels formed of two curved.
plates welded to T pieces of iron in the centre; Figures 10 are sections
shewing methods of making the circumferential joints in structures such as
Figures 7, 8, and 9; Figure 11 is a transverse section of a trough girder.
formed of two angle pieces welded at the flanges to a flat plate; Figure 12 is:
a longitudinal section of a cylindrical structure formed of two plates welded
to inner pieces of iron; this arrangement is suitable for the longitudinal weld
of a boiler or other construction; Figure 13 is a transverse section showing,
another method of making the circumferential joints in forming masts or other
such constructions; the two plates are welded to the solid piece A; Figure 14
is a transverse section of a box girder formed of four flanged plates welded at
each flange; Figure 15 is a transverse section of a portion of a barrel or other
vessel formed of plates, the ends being flanged, as shown, and joined together
by the vacancy being filled up with melted iron or steel, as is indicated by the
blue lines; Figure 16 is a transverse section of Figure 15; Figure 17 is a
horizontal section of a ship, showing the ribs welded to the skin or plating;
Figure 18 is a plan of plating connected together by T pieces or irons welded
to them, and which form ribs or stays in the centre of the weld; Figure 19 is
a longitudinal section of Figure 18; Figure 20 is a longitudinal section of a
tube or hollow shaft formed of two or more plates welded to the inner centre
piece A and the outer ring B; Figure 21 is an end view of Figure 20;
Figure 22 is a transverse section of a trough formed of two angle irons welded
to a flat plate; Figures 23 shew one arrangement of the furnaces for heating
the iron for welding; each furnace of this arrangement consists of a gas pipe
with a nozzle upon it, out of which the gas is forced an air blast proceeding
from a tuyere inserted into the gas pipe immediately behind the nozzle. In
making the welds herein-before referred to the parts are put together and
heated by these furnaces; the welds are then made by hand with small hammers
or by steam hammers or rollers. When the joints are to be made by amal-
gamating with melted iron or steel the parts are heated as before and the
melted metal is run into the angles or hollows.
I claim the method of joining together plates, sheets, or bars of wrought
iron or steel, where the parts of such plates, sheets, or bars are brought
together at angles by welding them to each other at the angles.
Also the method of joining plates or sheets by welding them to ribs or bars
of iron or steel placed at angles to the plates or sheets at the centre of the
weld inside or outside, so that the plates or sheets and the ribs or bars become
all welded together.
Also the method of joining plates or sheets by forming flanges on the edges

page_text: of the plates or sheets and welding the flanges together either inside or
outside..
Also the method of joining plates, sheets, or bars by running melted iron
or steel into the angles formed where the parts of such plates, sheets, or bars
are brought together so as to fill up or partially fill up, the angular spaces
inside or outside, and so amalgamating the whole together into a solid mass.
I wish it to be distinctly understood that I do not. claim any particular
construction of furnace or method of heating.
In witness whereof, I, the said Daniel Evans, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Eighteenth day of October, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-six.
DANIEL EVANS
01