matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVE- MENTS IN WASHING, BLEACHING, CLEANSING, AND PREPARING TEXTILE FABRICS AND MATERIALS
Year: 1857

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Malcolm Macdonald, of Glasgow, in the County of
Lanark, North Britain, Manufacturer, for the Invention of "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN WASHING, BLEACHING, CLEANSING, AND PREPARING TEXTILE FABRICS
AND MATERIALS."
Sealed the 18th August 1857, and dated the 12th June 1857.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Malcolm Macdonald
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
12th June 1857.
I, MALCOLM MACDONALD, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North
Britain, Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN WASHING, BLEACHING, CLEANSING, AND PREPARING TEXTILE
FABRICS AND MATERIALS," to be as follows, that is to say :-
This Invention relates to a system or mode of treating textile fabrics and
materials by the combined agency of steam, chemical matters, and mechanical
action, so as to secure very effective washing, bleaching, cleansing, and pre-
paring actions. The apparatus by means of which these actions or operations
are carried on, consists of a large stationary chamber or vessel, in which are
deposited the soap, water, and whatever chemical ingredients are necessary for

page_text: acting upon the goods under treatment. Within this stationary chamber, and
either partially or wholly immersed in the fluid ingredients contained therein,
there is disposed a horizontal metal steam cylinder of large diameter. This
steam cylinder is kept constantly supplied with steam, by means of stuffing
box connections through its hollow or tubular shaft, as is usual in steam-
heated cylindrical chambers. The surface or periphery of the cylinder may be
either plain, fluted, or covered with projections of different kinds, and round
it are disposed an annular series of horizontal pressing rollers of comparatively
small diameter. These rollers are so disposed as to envelope the whole or
nearly the whole surface or periphery of the cylinder with which they are
kept in contact by back springs. The rollers may be made in various ways,
but a preferable arrangement is that of wooden central body portions,
covered with caoutchouc or other soft or elastic substances. When piece
goods are to be treated in this apparatus they are passed through it in the
form of a chain, each piece being attached temporarily to its neighbour; the
chain of pieces is fed into the apparatus by means of suitable guide rollers,"
which convey it in between the exterior surface of the central steam heated
cylinder and the ring of embracing pressing rollers. The pieces thus pass
round the cylinder, and are mechanically operated upon by the roller action
in conjunction with the chemical effect of the ingredients contained in the
stationary chamber. The stationary chamber is kept heated by steam piping
passing through it. As the goods emerge from the operating chamber they
are acted upon by jets of hot or cold air in furtherance of the operations.
The stationary chamber may have a closed top, so as to enable the operator to
keep up a direct steam pressure in it, if desired.
AN IMPROVED PULP FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF PAPER
Year: 1857

page_text: Irotection, out notice to proceed with the
application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Louis Jean Marie Siblet at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
6th April 1857.
I, LOUIS JEAN MARIE SIBLET, of 39, Rue de l'Echiquier, Paris, in the
Empire of France, and of No. 4, South Street, Finsbury, London, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention of "AN IMPROVED PULP FOR THE
MANUFACTURE OF PAPER," to be as follows, that is to say:-
The Invention consists of an improved pulp for the manufacture of paper,
and is composed of the following ingredients, viz:-
Chloride of lime
Alum
Carbonated colours
Linseed oil
Gum copal
Acetate of lead
Turpentine
Essential oil of turpentine
Nut oil
Cotton
Flax
White lead
Wheaten flour
-
1
'
'
1
2 parts.
2
3
دو
"
دو
دو
13
"
15
10
"
10
"
-
20
15
17
"
30
"
-
30
"
20
"
40
"

page_text: I form a solution at about fifty-seven degrees Fahrenheit, in the following
manner-After having dissolved the copal I add the chloride of lime, the
ground alum, then the oils, then the white lead, the carbonated colour mixed
with the acetate of lead and ground with it, and, lastly, the cotton and flax
yarn; add the flour to form pulp, put the whole to dry till diminished by
thirty-five per cent., and then form into paper by the ordinary cylinder
process.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF GUNPOWDER
Year: 1857

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederic George Spray at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 1st
December 1857.
I, FREDERIC GEORGE SPRAY, of London, in the County of Middlesex,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF GUNPOWDER," to be as follows:-
The improvements relate, firstly, to improved means of refining the salt-
petre; secondly, to improved means of mixing the ingredients of the gun-
powder; and, thirdly, to improved means of glazing the gunpowder.
Firstly, the saltpetre in a state of solution is to be placed in an open pan or
vessel and boiled by means of perforated steam pipes, or otherwise, and when
cleaned it is passed into a suitable closed vessel or apparatus and boiled in
vacuo.
Secondly, the several ingredients for the gunpowder in a dry state are
placed in a vertical vessel, which is furnished with steam jets or pipes pro-
jecting inwards. This vessel is also provided with a revolving shaft, having
blades or arms projecting horizontally therefrom, and passing between the said
jets or pipes, the said blades being so curved or inclined as to press the ingredients
from the bottom of the vessel upwards as they revolve. When the several
ingredients are placed in the vessel steam is admitted, and the shaft with the
blades is set revolving, the effect of which will be to thoroughly mix and incor-
porate the ingredients; and when they are properly mixed the steam is turned

page_text: off and the powder is dried (whilst the blades are still revolving) by means of
steam admitted into a jacket or coiled pipe passing around the vessel, or in
any other suitable and convenient manner.
Thirdly, the glazing.-This is ordinarily effected by placing the gunpowder
in a barrel which revolves borizontally upon a shaft. This part of the improve-
ments consists in placing a second barrel or a solid body of a similar form upon
a shaft in the interior of the vessel. This barrel or solid body may either
revolve or remain stationary, and the gunpowder is introduced into the space
between the outer barrel and the inner barrel or solid body. By this means
a very much greater or more extended frictional or glazed surface is obtained,
and the glazing of the gunpowder is consequently effected in a much shorter
space of time than heretofore.
IMPROVEMENTS IN FURNACES
Year: 1857

page_text: vy ine Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Henry Tooth at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 30th December
1857.
I, WILLIAM HENRY TOOTH, of 9, Sumner Street, Southwark, in the County
of Surrey, Engineer and Ironfounder, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN FURNACES," to be as follows:-
My said Invention consists of a mode or modes of constructing furnaces or
apparatus for the combustion of fuel used for the purposes of generating steam
and other purposes, the object of such improvements being to economise fuel,
and the heat and gasses evolved by the combustion of the fuel, as well as to
effect the combustion or prevention of smoke.
For these purposes I make a furnace (whether furnished with fire bars or
not), and the ash-pit, smoke box, flues, and chambers, if any, connected or
communicating with such furnace, air tight, or nearly so; and I furnish such
furnace with a door or doors, or an opening or openings, for the introduction
of the of the fuel from time to time, which can when closed be made air-
tight or nearly so.
I introduce the air required for supporting the combustion of the fuel,.
whether hot or cold, from a blast apparatus, so that it may pass through or:
come in contact with the burning fuel, and I regulate the quantity of air and
the force with which it is introduced according to the quantity of heat desired

page_text: to be obtained. That end of a furnace, or the apparatus connected with it,
which usually opens into or leads to the chimney, being in one of my improved
furnaces closed and made air-tight, or nearly so; I furnish it with a safety
valve, which when open will allow the gases of the furnace to escape into the
chimney.
The surplus gases arising from the burning fuel which are not completely
burnt, may be conducted to some other furnace or place to be there burnt, so
as to generate heat for any useful purpose. For this purpose I furnish the
smoke-box, flue, or some other convenient part of the apparatus, of an air-tight
furnace constructed according to my Invention, with a tube or opening through
which the surplus gases may pass to the furnace or place where they are to be
burnt, and furnish such outlet with a valve, tap, or other means for regulating
the escape of such gases.
I secure the openings to my air-tight furnace and its apparatus, and furnish
such furnace and apparatus with valves and regulators, or other convenient
means by which; and the force of the blast, the gases in the furnace and
apparatus may (when desired) be subjected to a pressure greater than that of
the atmosphere.
This mode of constructing furnaces may be applied to furnaces placed within
steam boilers, or to any enclosed plan or place capable of being closed which
is to be used for burning fuel, and causing the heat thus evolved to be used or
applied in generating steam, or to be applied to any other heating purpose.
IMPROVEMENTS IN REVOLVER FIRE-ARMS
Year: 1857

page_text: (This Invention received Provisional Protection, but notice to proceed with the-
application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Gustav Jahn at the Office of"
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 18th April"
1857.
I, GUSTAV JAHN, of 43, Bedford Row, in the County of Middlesex, do.
hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN REVOLVER
FIRE-ARMS," to be as follows:—
This Invention consists in so constructing revolver fire-arms that the
charges in the chambers or short revolving barrels may be exploded by a
needle fixed on a hammer or lever turning on an axis near one of its ends;.
this needle enters the chambers and comes in contact with an explosive
material in connection with the cartridge. The hammer works underneath the
barrel, its hinged or jointed end being nearest to the muzzle of the fire-arm.
On the same axis with the hammer is an arm, to which the mainspring is
connected by a link, and in the piece of which this arm is formed there is a
notch for receiving one end of the driver, and this at its other end is jointed
to an arm on the same axis with the trigger. Thus, when the trigger is drawn,
the hammer is raised, and there is an incline formed on the side of the driver,
which when it has raised the hammer a certain distance pushes its end out of
the notch in which it rested and lets it descend, when its end enters a hole in
the side of the chamber containing the cartridge and explodes it. When the
hammer is again raised, an instrument in connection with the trigger axis

page_text: causes the revolving chambers which are mounted on a vertical axis to move
partly round, so as to bring another chamber opposite the barrel, and then the
cartridge which it contains is exploded as before. In order to facilitate
the putting the parts together, the trigger is made separate from the other
parts, and has a square or other hole through it, and the trigger axis is made
of such a shape as to fit the hole in the trigger..
The Invention also consists in charging the revolving barrels or chambers
by means of a magazine, consisting of tubes ranged round a horizontal axis
mounted behind the revolving barrels; each of these tubes contains a number
of cartridges, which are pressed forward by springs, and the revolving barrels
after they have been discharged come in succession opposite one of the tubes
of the magazine, and they are thus again supplied with cartridges.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF IRONS USED BY TAILORS AND OTHERS FOR PRESSING CLOTH AND OTHER MATERIALS
Year: 1857

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alexander Prince at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 1st July
1857. A communication from Schäffer and Walcker, of Berlin, in tho
Kingdom of Prussia, and Joseph Herschmann, of Prague, in the King-
dom of Bohemia.
I, ALEXANDER PRINCE, of No. 4, Trafalgar Square, Charing Cross, in the
County of Middlesex, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF IRONS USED BY TAILORS
AND OTHERS FOR PRESSING CLOTH AND OTHER MATERIALS," communicated to me by
Schäffer and Walcker, of Berlin, in the Kingdom of Prussia, and Joseph
Herschmann, of Prague, in the Kingdom of Bohemia, to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to an instrument used by tailors, called a "tailor's
goose," and also to instruments used by laundresses and others, called "box-
irons," and is designed for keeping the same always heated when in use. Tho
principal feature of improvement consists in using gas for that purpose, by
which an uniform amount of heat may be maintained and regulated, instead of
heating such said instruments by inserting them or parts of them in an open
fire, as heretofore commonly practised, by which they lose their heat when iu
use. The means by which these improvements are proposed to be effected aro
as follows: As regards the tailor's goose, 1 form it hollow instead of solid, and.
arrange and dispose therein a bent pipe perforated with small holes, said. pipe

page_text: being connected by a T-piece to an opening in a piece of metal screwed to the
open end of the goose. Into the upper end of said opening a cock is screwed, and
communicates by means of an elastic tube with any suitable vessel or reservoir
containing gas. There are a series of large and small holes formed through
the right-hand side of the hollow part of the goose. The small holes serve to
convey air to the jets of gas to support combustion thereof, and the large holes
serve to carry off the superabundant heat.
Another feature in these improvements consists in constructing the handle
of the before-mentioned tailor's goose with a loose case, to prevent overheating
And I would here observe, that the above mode of constructing
a tailor's goose applies also to the construction of box-irons.
AN IMPROVED MANUFACTURE OF PRINTED PILED FABRIC
Year: 1857

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Briggs at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 20th October
1857.
I, EDWARD BRIGGS, of Castleton Mills, near Rochdale, in the County of
Lancaster, Spinner and Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "AN IMPROVED MANUFACTURE OF PRINTED PILED FABRIC," to
be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to produce a printed fabric of a novel
character suitable for ornamental and useful purposes. The mode of operation
is as follows:-A fabric is woven in the ordinary manner with a silk weft,
which is cut and raised to form a piled surface, this surface is then printed to
any required pattern, and again raised or finished to complete the fabric.
IM- PROVEMENTS IN PREPARING BLOCKS AND STONES FOR BUILDING PURPOSES
Year: 1857

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Gustav Julius Gunther at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 21st March
1857.
I, GUSTAV JULIUS GUNTHER, of John Street, in the City of London,
Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN PREPARING BLOCKS AND STONES FOR BUILDING PURPOSES," to be as
follows:-
My Invention consists in certain methods of cutting or moulding blocks
and stones for building purposes of such a size and shape that when formed
into masonry they shall be firmly tied and held together with or without the
employment of cement. The blocks are moulded or cut in such a shape that
only four sides form plane surfaces, the upper and lower side forming two
inclined planes, which converge towards each other from the edges to the
middle in such manner that the direction of the furrow which is formed by the
two inclined planes on the upper side, forms a right angle with the direction
of the furrow which is formed by the two inclined planes on the lower side.
The blocks are dovetailed together crosswise at right angles.
I form another block, having grooves of any desired depth, on the opposite
sides and at right angles to one another. The grooves of this form of block
receive the projections left upon other blocks of the same form.

page_text: I also make blocks, each of which combines the advantage of those above
described. The upper and lower sides of such blocks hold or cramp the
mason work together in one direction, and dovetail it in the other. The
blocks or stones before described are susceptible of modifications.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF KILN TILES, AND IN THE MACHINERY OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN
Year: 1857

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Woodhead, James
Woodhead, and John Woodhead at the Office of the Commissioners of
Patents, with their Petition, on the 31st October 1857.
We, WILLIAM WOODHEAD, JAMES WOODHEAD, and JOHN WOODHEAD, of
Eccleshill, near Leeds, in the County of York, Tube and Tile Manufacturers,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF KILN TILES, AND IN THE MACHINERY OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED
THEREIN," to be as follows:-
Heretofore kiln tiles have been made or manufactured by filling a suitable
mould with the clay or other plastic material, and by applying a plate having
apertures or perforations of any suitable form and size, and by inserting a
hollow instrument or tool of similar form through each aperture, the clay is
cut or scooped out to the desired depth; then by introducing a solid instrument
of similar outward form, the cavity thus produced is made smooth, and then
by another instrument small holes are punched through the remaining
substance, all of which processes were performed by hand. Instead of which
we employ a mould with a perforated plate, and we arrange in one block
as many instruments corresponding in form and size to the apertures in the
plate, and as many as there are perforations therein with pins or points at the
end of each; this block we affix to the ram or plunger of a. fly press, or in
such other way that the whole series of instruments or punches can be pressed
or forced through the perforations in the plate into the clay or plastic
substance in the mould, squeezing or pressing the same into all the cavities,

page_text: and forcing the surplus through a hole or holes in the mould, thus producing
the complete form of tile at one operation. The tile thus formed is then
lifted out of the mould by means of a lever operating upon a loose or false
bottom. By these our improvements tiles are produced with more regularity
of form, much more solid or dense, and with greater facility than has hitherto 5
been accomplished.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CHAPP- CUTTING MACHINES
Year: 1857

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Samuel Nye, of No. 79, Wardour Street, in the
County of Middlesex, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN CHAPP-
CUTTING MACHINES."
Scaled the 1st January 1858, and dated the 14th July 1857.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Samuel Nye at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
14th July 1857.
I, SAMUEL NYE, of No. 79, Wardour Street, in the County of Middlesex,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
CHAFF-CUTTING MACHINES," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in passing the spindle, for the purpose of putting in
motion the necessary wheels for obtaining differeut lengths of cut, through the
rollers independent thereof.
I also claim the use of india-rubber as a means of compression, instead of
the usual side irons, lever, and weight.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Samuel Nye in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 14th
January 1858.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, SAMUEL
NYE, of No. 79, Wardour Street, in the County of Middlesex, Chaff-cutting
Machine Manufacturer, send greeting.

page_text: WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Fourteenth day of July, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-seven, in the twenty-first year of
Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto
me, the said Samuel Nye, Her special licence that I, the said Samuel
Nye, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the
said Samuel Nye, my exccutors, administrators, and assigns, should at
any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times
thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN CHAFF-CUTTING MACHINES," upon the condition (amongst
others) that I, the said Samuel Nye, my executors or administrators, by an
instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals,
should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention,
and in what manner the samo was to be performed, and cause the same
to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next
and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Samuel Nye, do hereby declare the
nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-
My Invention consists in passing the spindle (for the purpose of putting in
motion the necessary wheels for obtaining different lengths of cut) through
the rollers independent thercof.
I also claim the use of india-rubber as a means of compression, instead of
the usual side irons, lever, and weight.
Dated this Thirteenth day of January, One thousand eight hundred and
mty-eight.
Witness,
SAM T. NYE.
SAMUEL NYE. (L.S.)
AN IMPROVED METHOD OF MAKING IMPRESSIONS SIMILAR TO WATER-MARKS UPON PAPER
Year: 1857

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Hilary Nicholas Nissen, at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
8th July 1857.
I, HILARY NICHOLAS NISSEN, of Mark Lane, in the City of London,
Stationer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN
IMPROVED METHOD OF MAKING IMPRESSIONS SIMILAR TO WATER-MARKS UPON PAPER,'
to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in taking paper after it comes from the mill, in
damping it to such an extent as will not deprive it of its size, and in
subjecting it to pressure under metal letters, types, or devices in an ordinary
hand or other printing press. But in order to attain a perfect and lasting
impression, I remove the tympan, and thus the paper is exposed to the metal
type, or device on one surface, while the other surface is in contact with the
platten or with the cylinder.
IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR ROASTING OR TORREFYING COFFEE OR OTHER SUBSTANCES
Year: 1857

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Edward Newton at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 13th
October 1857. A communication from Joseph Maurice Gauthier, of
Paris.
I, WILLIAM EDWARD NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery Lane,
in the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR ROASTING OR TORREFYING
COFFEE OR OTHER SUBSTANCES," to be as follows:-
The apparatus which forms the subject of the present Invention has for its
object to prevent the loss or escape of the aroma from coffee or other sub-
stances while undergoing the operation of roasting, and also to restore to such
substances the aroma which they may have given off during such operation.
This improved apparatus possesses the further advantages of effecting the
roasting operation more speedily than by the ordinary arrangements, and
avoiding the risk of burning or over-roasting any berries or particles of the
substance under operation. The apparatus consists of a rectangular or other
conveniently shaped case or vessel, divided into two compartments by a partition;
the first of these compartments contains the apparatus for roasting the coffee
or other substance, consisting of a conical vessel, at the smaller or lower end of
which the fireplace is situated; over this fireplace is mounted the vessel for
containing the coffee, &c. to be roasted, which vessel may be of a cylindrical,
spherical, or any other convenient shape, and being mounted in bearings is

page_text: caused to rotate by means of a handle outside.. Over this rotating roasting
vessel is adapted a bell-shaped or trumpet-mouthed pipe, something resembling
a still head; the smaller end of which is bent over like the neck of a still head.
The end of this bent pipe terminates in an opening made for its reception in
the second compartment. By this arrangement it will be understood that the
aroma from the roasting coffee or other substance will pass through the bent
pipe into the second compartment, which may be charged either with raw or
roasted coffee, so that the coffee in this compartment will thereby become
impregnated with the aroma escaping from the roasting compartment. . The
products of combustion from the fireplace pass off by a separate flue or
chimney at the back of the first compartment. As by the peculiar con-
struction or arrangement of the apparatus all smell from the roasting coffee
or other substance is prevented from escaping from the apparatus, it will be
evident that it may at the same time be made to serve as a stove for heating.
apartments, or for culinary purposes, while it is being used as a coffee-roasting
apparatus.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LAYING DOWN TELEGRAPHIC CABLES IN THE SEA
Year: 1857

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Manuel Léopold Jonas Lavater
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 7th December 1857.
I, MANUEL LEOPOLD JONAS LAVATER, of No. 71, Herbert Street, Hoxton, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
LAYING DOWN TELEGRAPHIC CABLES IN THE SEA," to be as follows:-
The cable to be wound ashore upon a floating drum or cylinder, which
cable to be unrolled out at sea by means of the axles of the drum being
fastened by chains to a steam tug.
The same means might be used when modified in taking the cable out of
the sea.
IMPROVEMENTS IN FURNACE GRATES AND FIRE BARS
Year: 1857

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Charles Wye Williams, of Liverpool, in the County
Palatine of Lancaster, Gentleman, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS
IN FURNACE GRATES AND FIRE BARS."
Sealed the 24th March 1857, and dated the 15th January 1857.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Charles Wye Williams at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
15th January 1857.
I, CHARLES WYE WILLIAMS, of Liverpool, in the County Palatine of Lan-
caster, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN FURNACE GRATES AND FIRE BARS," to be as follows -
My said improvements relate to the peculiar construction of the fire bars
and appendges of the furnaces of steam engine boilers and other descriptions
of furnaces, and in the arrangement of the grates of the same.
My said improved fire bars are made with a series of arms or levers pro-
jecting from each side of the said bars, and set at such distances that those of
each bar may be placed between those of the adjoining bar. The bars having
each a projection or joggle for jointing to a connecting rod, by which their
motion is obtained.

page_text: My improvements in furnace grates consist in arranging a set of my said
fire bars at suitable distances and with peculiarly constructed bearings to allow
their having a backward and forward movement by means of a connecting
rod placed beneath them, and by which rod they are alternately elevated or
depressed.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE ACTION OF HORIZONTAL PIANOFORTES
Year: 1857

page_text: by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Augustus Kaltwasser at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 17th February
1857.
I, AUGUSTUS KALTWASSER, of No. 5, Grove Street, Camden Town, in the
County of Middlesex, Pianoforte Maker, do hereby declare the nature of the
Invention for "AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE ACTION OF HORIZONTAL PIANOFORTES,"
to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object an improvement in the action of horizontal
pianofortes. For this purpose the back end of the hammer is made with an
incline on the under side, and also a downward arm or projection, through
which an adjusting screw is passed, having a stop or escapement button at its
end. On the key below the hammer there is a moveable upright hinged, which
is constantly pressed backward by a wire spring against a stop or step fixed to
the key. The top of the upright, when the key and hammer are at rest,
comes under the lower part of the incline fixed under the hammer. When the
key is struck the upright lifts the hammer. The upper end of the upright
is moved by the escapement button carried by the hammer. The upper end of
the upright moves up the incline under the hammer, and the upright by its
spring is brought back, when the key again assumes the horizontal position..
By which arrangement or combination of parts a very simple escapement is
produced.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FUEL
Year: 1857

page_text: by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Jabez Church at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 24th June
1857.
I, JABEZ CHURCH, of Upper Kennington Lane, Vauxhall, in the County
of Surrey, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FUEL," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in the manufacture of
artificial fuel. For these purposes sifted breeze is combined with coal or other
tar, to produce a cohering mass, which it put into a retort and subjected to
heat, and when the volatile products have been driven off, the mass, whilst
still kept heated, is subjected to the action of streams of electricity.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANU- FACTURE OF CERTAIN DESCRIPTIONS OF NEEDLES
Year: 1857

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James Cottrill, of Studley, in the County of Warwick,
Needle Manufacturer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANU-
FACTURE OF CERTAIN DESCRIPTIONS OF NEEDLES."
Sealed the 12th March 1858, and dated the 28th December 1857.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION filed by the said James Cottrill at the Office
.of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition and Declaration,
on the 28th December 1857, pursuant to the 9th Section of the Patent
Law Amendment Act, 1852.
I, JAMES COTTRILL, of Studley, in the County of Warwick, Needle Manu.
facturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CERTAIN DESCRIPTIONS OF NEEDLES," and the manner in
which the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement, that is to say:-
My Invention refers to the kinds of needles known as sail-making needles,
packing-needles, glovers' needles, and any other similar kind of needles, which
are or may be most conveniently made, either oval or flat, or triangular, or
what are usually termed by the workmen three-square in section or four-
sided in section, for any portion or the whole of their length, and my improve-
ments consist in grooving or fluting one or more of the sides of such needles in
the form and after the manner in which the sides of a bayonet blade are fluted;
and although I do not confine myself to any particular mode of effecting this,
I find the process of stamping in the flutes by the employment of suitable

page_text: matrices and ribbed dies or hammer heads, to be well adapted for the purpose,
afterwards clearing out the flutes, if necessary, with rotating cutters, mounted
in a lathe and working in manner similar, to a circular saw, or by revolving
stones or other suitable means; when the needles are of a size to admit of such
operations, or if preferred, the flutes may be produced entirely by means of the
rotary cutters or stones above-named. The object of the Invention being to
produce a needle which, for the purposes I have before mentioned, shall be
capable of more easily and expeditiously perforating the fabric or material to
be worked on.
I would remark that I am well aware that grooved needles have already
been employed in sewing machines, but such needles are not of the forms I
have described, nor are they fluted in the same form as a bayonet blade, which
form I find the best for the purpose; I therefore claim the improvements
described in the manufacture of the descriptions of. needles herein mentioned,
or others of a similar class, which are or may be for the whole or a portion of
their length oval or flat, or tringular, or three-square in section, or four-sided
in section, by fluting such needles on one or more of their sides, as herein
more fully set forth and specified.
In witness whereof, I, the said James Cottrill, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Sixteenth day of December, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-seven.
JAMES COTTRILL. (L.S.)
IMPROVEMENTS IN REGULATING THE FLOW OF FLUIDS
Year: 1857

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Horace Taylor at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 6th April
1857.
I, JOHN HORACE TAYLOR, of 24, Alma Street, Hoxton, in the County of
Middlesex, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN REGULATING THE FLOW OF FLUIDS," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to a peculiar construction and arrangement of
apparatus for preventing waste of water from the service pipes of water-
closets and cisterns, the supply valve being out of the control of the party
using the closet. The improvements consist in the employment of a cylinder
fitted with a piston and valve or ordinary pump bucket, which is connected to
the pull or handle of the closet. The lower portion of this cylinder is always
open to the main supply pipe, whilst its upper portion above the piston or
bucket opens into a chamber fitted with a flexible diaphragm. On this
diaphragm rests a rod, connected with a weighted lever, which opens and
closes the closet supply valve. A diaphragm is also employed in place of a
stuffing box for keeping the spindle of the valve water-tight. The bucket on
being raised by lifting the pull or handle of the closet forces a certain amount
of water into the diaphragm chamber, and clevates the diaphragm therein,
which in its turn raises the weighted lever and opens the supply valve, such
valve being kept open until the water has escaped from below the diaphragm,
which may take place through a small adjustable aperture, a valve serving to

page_text: prevent the water returning to the cylinder again. A small index may be
applied to the regulating cock on or in the discharge or escape pipe or orifice,
to regulate or adjust the length of time. during which the supply valve will
remain open.
A NEW METHOD OF APPLYING MARKS ON PAPER FOR POSTAL PURPOSES
Year: 1857

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Jean Jacques Constant Benoist
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 26th March 1857.
I, JEAN JACQUES CONSTANT BENOIST, of No. 42, Rue Jerusalem, Brussels,
in the Kingdom of Belgium, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention
for "A NEW METHOD OF APPLYING MARKS ON PAPER FOR POSTAL PURPOSES," to be
as follows:-
My Invention consists in the application of a stamp or mark to every sheet
of letter or other paper, or the envelopes or wrappers for letters or other
papers, whether written or printed, so that every such sheet, paper, envelope,
or wrapper will indicate the weight of postage, and thus save much trouble
and the doubt as to postage dues on the transmission of letters to any country.
The stamp or mark can be affixed either on each sheet of paper separately, or
upon the envelopes of packets containing sheets of paper, the marks on such
envelope denoting the different weights of the sheets contained therein.
IMPROVED MEANS OF COMMUNICATING BETWEEN THE GUARD AND DRIVER ON RAILWAYS
Year: 1857

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Alexander Margetson at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
27th October 1857.
I, ROBERT ALEXANDER MARGETSON, of the City of Norwich, Stone Mason,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVED MEANS
OF COMMUNICATING BETWEEN THE GUARD AND DRIVER ON RAILWAYS," to be as
follows:-
This Invention is intended to give to the guard of a railway train a certain
and at all times available means of communicating or signalling to the engine
driver for the prevention of accidents and for other purposes, and entirely to
obviate the necessity of any other than the ordinary connection being made
between the carriages. The means to be employed for signalizing are two
whistles of the ordinary construction, one having a sharp and the other a flat
tone, so that a code of signals may be arranged. These whistles are acted
upon by means of compressed air contained in a vessel or reservoir to which
they are connected by tubes furnished with stop-cocks. This vessel or reser-.
voir is to be made of plate iron, and is attached to any convenient part either
inside or outside the guard's carriage; the air is to be compressed into this
vessel or reservoir by means of an air pump placed in any suitable and con--

page_text: venient position, and acted upon by a crank or excentric in connection with
one of the running axles of the guard's carriage. The motion of the running
axle is communicated to the air pump through the medium of a sliding clutch
box or other connecting and liberating mechanism under the control of the
guard, so that upon the train starting the guard can set the pump in action
and charge the reservoir with compressed air and then disengage the pump.
The compressed air in the reservoir will then be available at any time for
sounding the whistles.
The vessel or reservoir is to be provided with a safety valve to prevent the
air from being compressed beyond a certain degree according to the pressure
necessary for giving the required signal with the whistles.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN APPARATUS FOR SKIDDING THE WHEELS OF CARRIAGES
Year: 1857

page_text: yovers weLICLIC CICO
presertuca
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Augustus Piggott Oldershaw at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
25th April 1857.
I, AUGUSTUS PIGGOTT OLDERSHAW, of Doctors' Commons, in the City of
London, Proctor, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "AN
IMPROVEMENT IN APPARATUS FOR SKIDDING THE WHEELS OF CARRIAGES," to be as
follows:-
This Invention has for its object an improvement in apparatus for skidding
the wheels of carriages. For this purpose the drag chain connected to the
shoe or skid is arranged in such manner as to be taken up or shortened
when used for holding or retaining the shoe under the wheel, and also in such
manner as to be readily lengthened when it is desired to release the skid or
shoe, and to allow the wheel to pass over it. The drag chain is made with a
long link attached to one of the other links of the chain, such long link has
a ring and a tongue. In order to shorten the drag chain the long link is
passed through another link at a distance, and the same is held secure by the
ring tongue, and in order to release the skid or chain a strap or cord is
attached to the ring, on pulling which the ring is moved, the tongue is released,
and the chain lengthens so as to allow of the wheel passing over the skid or
shoe, and the same may be picked up or suspended by means of the chain or
cord attached to the ring.
IM- PROVED APPARATUS FOR THE AMALGAMATION OF PRECIOUS METALS
Year: 1857

page_text: (This Invention received Provisional Protection, but notice to proceed with the
application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Ker Aitchison at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 21st
January 1857.
I, ROBERT KER AITCHISON, of London, in the County of Middlesex,
Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IM-
PROVED APPARATUS FOR THE AMALGAMATION OF PRECIOUS METALS," to be as
follows:-
This Invention relates to an apparatus adapted for the amalgamation of
gold and silver with mercury, for the purpose of separating or extracting such
metals from crushed ore, auriferous or argentiferous sand, jewellers' sweep-
ings, or other matters which may contain gold or silver in a comminuted or
finely-divided state. The apparatus consists principally of a steam-tight
vessel, the transverse section of which is of the form of a frustrum of a cone
inverted. This vessel is divided longitudinally by means of a partition
extending from the top to nearly the bottom of the same. Each compart-
ment is provided with a pipe and stop-cock for the admission of steam, and
also with a pipe and stop-cock for the emission of the same. In the bottom
of the vessel quicksilver is poured until it reaches about twice the depth of
the space between the partition and the bottom of the vessel, so that the lower
edge of the partition dips into the quicksilver. The crushed ore or other

page_text: matter containing the precious metal to be amalgamated is to be mixed with
hot water, and introduced into one side of the vessel through a man-hole
provided for that purpose. The man-hole is then to be closed, and steam of
the required pressure is to be admitted, which will force the crushed ore or
other matter containing precious metal through the mercury under the par-
tition into the other compartment of the vessel. The steam is then to be
admitted to the second compartment and allowed to escape from the first,
which will force the crushed ore or other matter containing precious metal
back again through the mercury. This operation is to be repeated until
all the precious metal has been taken up or amalgated with the mercury.
The crushed ore or other matter containing precious metal and the mercury
are kept continually in motion throughout the operation by means of agitators
revolving or vibrating in the vessel, and by these means every particle of the
matter under operation becomes brought repeatedly into immediate contact
with the mercury, and it becomes almost impossible for any particle of precious
metal, however minute, to escape amalgamation.
I would remark that air compressed to the required degree may be sub-
stituted for the steam in the above process.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY POR SOWING SEEDS AND MANURE
Year: 1857

page_text: rotection, out notice proceed win the
application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Rickett at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 24th August
1857.
I, THOMAS RICKETT, of the Castle Foundry, in the County of Buckingham,
do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY
POR SOWING SEEDS AND MANURE," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in machinery for sowing
seeds and manure. For these purposes a carriage is constructed to run on
wheels or on sledges. At the fore part of the carriage is formed a fixed
incline or platform, at the lower front edge of which there is a sharp or thin
edge, which divides the soil in a horizontal line below the surface of the land,
and at a greater or less depth as may be required. This incline or platform
has at each side a raised edge of somewhat greater depth than the forward
edge is intended to work below the surface of the land. Above the inclined
platform there are endless chains, working on suitable wheels or rollers, and
such endless chains at intervals have blades or paddles affixed thereto, which
move the earth up the incline or platform and cause it to pass beyond the
upper end thereof, where there is a descending incline or platform, down
which the raised earth descends on to a screen, the clods or lumps being
broken or crushed by a suitable roller or apparatus as they descend to the
screen, which is intended to separate roots and other matters from the earth,

page_text: and such roots and matters are received into a suitable box or receiver at the
back end of the machine. Below the inclines or platforms are arranged
drills or apparatus for depositing seed and manure on the surface of the land
from which the upper soil has been removed, and on to which it again
descends as it passes through the screen.
A MARINE, SUBMARINE, AND AEROSTATIC PROPELLER, BEING A NEW MECANISM FOR PROPELLING STEAM VESSELS ON AND IN THE WATER, APPLICABLE ALSO TO AEROSTATIC PURPOSES, COMBINING SPEED AND SAFETY IN STEAK BOATS, AND GIVING THE POWER OF DIRECTING BALLOONS
Year: 1857

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Pascal Balboni at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 26th September
1857.
I, PASCAL BALBONI, of Florence, Italy, now residing No. 12, King William
Street, Strand, London, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "A MARINE, SUBMARINE, AND AEROSTATIC PROPELLER, BEING A NEW MECANISM
FOR PROPELLING STEAM VESSELS ON AND IN THE WATER, APPLICABLE ALSO TO
AEROSTATIC PURPOSES, COMBINING SPEED AND SAFETY IN STEAK BOATS, AND GIVING
THE POWER OF DIRECTING BALLOONS," to be as follows:-
I claim a Provisional Protection for the Invention of a new propeller
intended to supercede the paddle wheel and screw now used in steam vessels,.
which I call by the name of aile nageoire or fin.
Its qualifications consist in its great power of overcoming the pressure of
the back-water and the quickness of the stroke as well as simplicity of
action.
This propeller is in the form of an isosceles triangle, that is to say, the
sector of a circle with two radius from the centre, and is fixed on a pivot.
at the acute angle to the end of an axle; it may be made in metal or
otherwise.
The axle has a longitudinal opening in which the propeller slides backwards
or forwards and forms a fin.

page_text: This propeller and axle can be fixed so as to act both under the body and
on each side of the vessel submerged in the water, and several of them can be
worked together by means of an endless chain placed in the vessel, by a single
steam engine, each of these fins acting at the same time and striking the
water in the same manner as a boatman would do with the blade of his oar;
thus at each half turn of the axle the fin turns with it, and when the fin is in
a horizontal position, instead of completing the circle it receives a sudden
lateral impulse from the machinery, and slides with velocity between the
opening in the axle, and at once plunges again into the water, thus propelling
the vessel with rapidity as the action is alternately renewed.
The Inventor further claims protection for his Invention of the aile nageoire
or fin, as applied to aerostation, the action or power of the fin being the same
in the air as under water.