matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
AN APPARATUS FOR STORING UP THE MOTIVE POWER OF CHEAP OR COSTLESS FORCES, AND CARRYING THEIR USEFUL EFFECTS WHERE NO SUCH CHEAP OR COSTLESS MOVING POWERS COULD BE APPLIED
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Quiricus Filopanti at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 17th
February 1860.
I, QUIRICUS FILOPANTI, of Bologna, resident at 26, University Street,
London, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN APPARATUS
FOR STORING UP THE MOTIVE POWER OF CHEAP OR COSTLESS FORCES, AND CARRYING
THEIR USEFUL EFFECTS WHERE NO SUCH CHEAP OR COSTLESS MOVING POWERS COULD
BE APPLIED," to be as follows:-
First, by some costless or cheap force, such as wind, the tides, a water-
fall, I shall wind round one or more cylinders an extended bandage, or a series
of bandages of india-rubber, then I shall carry this cylinder or cylinders to the
place where the work is to be performed, but where no other moving power,
or only a dearer one could be conveniently applied. There the elastic bandage
of caoutchouc shall be allowed to unwind itself from the cylinder, and to wind
itself round another cylinder without tension. The successive shrinking of
the distended bandage to its more natural dimensions unfolds a quantity of
force equal to the quantity of force which was communicated to it by the
original mover, bating the loss occasioned by friction and other causes, so that
if both cylinders are properly connected together, they will both be compelled
to turn, and through either of them the motion can be easily applied to the
work for which it is required. To regularise the operation of charging the
cylinder, let it be connected with another cylinder of the same diameter,

page_text: round which the bandage before the connexion had been wound at its natural
tension, then it is unwound from this subsidiary cylinder, and wound round the
other at the intended degree of tension, say, at four times its natural length,
by establishing such a connexion between the two cylinders through pinions
or other means, that for every turn performed by the subsidiary cylinder the
other shall be obliged to turn round its own axis four times. The same
relation should be taken advantage of for the inverse object when the elastic
band is to return to its natural length and-tension.
AN IMPROVED DISENGAGING HOOK
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Courtenay Sprye at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 9th April
1860.
I, COURTENAY SPRYE, of 120, New Bond Street, County of Middlesex,
Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN
IMPROVED DISENGAGING HOOK," to be as follows:-
The object of my Invention is to facilitate the disengaging of the hook
from the object to which it is attached, but while it is attached so to secure
that object that it cannot be removed from the hook, except by a mechanical
contrivance, part of my Invention. I obtain this object by passing one
end of a piece of iron or other suitable substance of which the hook is to
be made through the lower end of a bar attached to the tackle, and to turn
on a pivot at this point. This piece of iron is to be bent upwards. Within
the bend, the ring or hook attached to the object to be raised, or lowered, or
drawn, is placed, while this hook is turned upwards the object is secured, but
when made to turn on the pivot the object will be disengaged. To the end
of that part of the hook which I pass through the bar I place a lever rod
or other suitable contrivance, by which I can give a rotatory motion to the
hook working on the pivot, so that by using the rod as a lever I turn the hook,
which will thus disengage the object required to be raised, lowered, or drawn.
I prefer to have a bend downwards from the top part of the bar so as to

page_text: meet the end of the hook when turned upwards, thus forming an enclosed
space to prevent the ring or hook attached to the object to be raised, lowered,
or drawn, from jumping off the hook; the hook can be applied for traction
purposes.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PRINTING ROLLERS
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Louis Dubois at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 13th April
1860.
I, LOUIS DUBOIS, of Brussels, in the Kingdom of Belgium, Merchant, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
PRINTING ROLLERS," to be as follows:-
My Invention of improvements in printing rollers relates to a novel
mode of forming the surfaces of printing rollers so as to protect such surfaces.
from being injuriously affected by the atmosphere by changes of temperature
or other causes which have been heretofore found to affect printing rollers
made in the ordinary manner. My improved mode of making printing rollers
consists in the employment of caoutchouc as a protecting cover to the com-
position of which the roller is made. This composition consists of gelatine,.or
strong glue or size and molasses. The gelatinous substance is soaked in water;
and melted in a water bath; then when it is perfectly melted, the molasses is-
added, and the ingredients having been well mixed, the composition will.be
ready to pour into the mould, in which must be first placed as a lining a tube
of caoutchouc of from the twentieth to the fortieth of an inch in thickness,.
according to the purpose for which the rollers are to be used. This tubular
lining is secured at top and bottom by means of a spring, and when the tubular
lining has been properly arranged, and the mould closed, the melted or liquid.
composition of gelatine and molasses is poured in. It will of course be under-

page_text: stood that the india-rubber tubular lining of the mould will, when the roller
is removed from the mould, form the outer covering or envelope, and
will therefore protect the composition from the effects of the air or changes of
temperature. In very cold weather I sometimes cover the roller with a very
fluid mixture of glue and molasses. It will of course be understood that I
can make rollers of any length and diameter according to my improvements.
IMPROVEMENTS IN COUPLING APPARATUS FOR HOISTS FOR THE PREVENTION OF OVERWINDING
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Jackson at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 2nd January
1860.
J, WILLIAM JACKSON, of Worsley, in the County of Lancaster, Mechanic,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
COUPLING APPARATUS FOR HOISTS FOR THE PREVENTION OF OVERWINDING," to be
as follows:-
My Invention relates to that part of hoisting apparatus by which the "cage"
or platform is connected to the rope or chain, and is designed to prevent
accidents by winding overhead, as it is termed.
According to my Invention the attachment acts direct in a vertical direction,
as though the connexion were a simple bar, but is capable of being readily
liberated. To the link, which is attached to the rope or chain, I connect a
jointed part having a recess, within which is situate a pin carried by a link,
from which the cage is suspended; this jointed part is closed upon the said
pin by its aid being confined within a cross bar. Should, however, the cage be
wound too high, this cross bar is forced downward by a stationary piece, and
the cage is liberated; beneath the cross bar I adapt a spring to keep it in
place when the rope or chain is slack.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MEANS OR APPARATUS USED IN SPINNING FIBROUS SUBSTANCES
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Bottomley at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 23rd February
1860.
I, JOHN BOTTOMLEY, of Laister Dyke, near Bradford, in the County of
York, General Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MEANS OR APPARATUS USED IN SPINNING FIBROUS SUBSTANCES,"
to be as follows:-
The object of the improvements is to obtain facility in spinning with high
velocities. For this purpose I enclose the bobbins, whether for cop or fly
spindles, in cases or chambers, which may have glass or other suitable fronts,
and I withdraw the air therefrom so as to reduce the atmospheric effect, and,
if desired, I heat the chambers thus formed.
IMPROVED SIGNALLING AND INDICATING APPARATUS
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Clark at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 10th October
1860. A communication from abroad by M. Jean Barissa, of 29,
Boulevart St. Martin, Paris, in the Empire of France, Painter.
.
I, WILLIAM CLARK, of 53, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex,
Engineer and Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVED SIGNALLING AND INDICATING APPARATUS," to be as
follows:-
This Invention relates to a new telegraph or signal bell to be enclosed in
any useful article, such as match or cigar holders or other similar articles used
in hotels, dining rooms, cafés, railway stations, baths, and other public
establishments. Hitherto bells have not been produced which not only act as
a substitute for the voice, but fix in a positive manner the attention of the
person intended; this is attained in the apparatus represented in the annexed
Drawing.
Fig. 1 shows an elevation of a match-holder; Fig. 2, a central vertical
section, perpendicular to the axis of the bell; and Fig. 3, a central vertical
section in a plane passing through the axis of the bell. In the different
Figures the same letters represent the same parts.
a, metal bell enclosed in the match-holder b, and placed on a shaft c; d,
lever mounted on an axis e, round which is a spiral spring; the extremity of
lever d is furnished with a hammer for striking on the bell a; f, telegraphic

page_text: or signal rod, raised by the rotation of the lever d, serving to strike the bell;
on this telegraphic rod are ratchet teeth, in which a spring g engages; this
spring is fixed to the match box or holder b, and serves to keep the rod in
position; 7, button furnished with a pin, and rivetted to spring g, so as to
allow the telegraphic rod to descend freely. The whole being represented as
described, and represented in the annexed Drawing; and supposing movement
to be given to lever d, the lever armed with a hammer will strike the bell,
and at same time will raise the telegraphic rod, which will remain in its
position by means of the spring g, until the person called has attended to or
seen the telegraphic indication raised. To return the telegraphic rod to its
first position, that is to say, into the interior of the apparatus, it suffices to
pull the button h, and the match box or holder is free to perform a similar
movement as soon as required. Any other mechanical arrangement can be
employed for this telegraphic apparatus.
A MORE CONVENIENT AND EFFECTUAL METHOD OF ATTACHING AND SECURING BROOCHES AND SUCH LIKE ARTICLES, AND FOR IMPROVED FASTENINGS TO BE USED THEREWITH, AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Tulford Brown and
Walter Jeffery at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 5th April 1860.
We, WILLIAM TULFORD BROWN, of Westgate Street, Gloucester, and
WALTER JEFFERY, of Eastgate Street, Gloucester, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "A MORE CONVENIENT AND EFFECTUAL METHOD OF
ATTACHING AND SECURING BROOCHES AND SUCH LIKE ARTICLES, AND FOR IMPROVED
FASTENINGS TO BE USED THEREWITH, AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES," to be as
follows:-
First, as applied to brooches & and such like articles, it consists in the employ-
ment of a detached pin, to which the brooch or other article is to be attached in
the after-mentioned manner. The brooch or such like article being provided with
two loops, staples, or studs, in lieu of the attached "pin and joint" and catch,
as at present used; and the detached pin having been inserted in the required
position, one loop, staple, or stud is passed over the point of the pin, and
the other loop, staple, or stud is to be secured to the head of the pin by
some such contrivance as the following:-The head of the pin may consist of a
tube, as at a, Figs. 1, 2, 3, 4, enclosing a concentric circular disc or ring, as
b, Figs. 1, 2, 3, 4. The pin may be fixed to either of these parts, a or b,
Figs. 1, 2, 3, 4, the other part being made to revolve. Through both of these
parts an opening is made for the admission of the loop, staple, or stud, as at c,
Figs. 1-3, and the loop, staple, or stud is then secured by the circular motion
of a or b, as in Figs. 2-4. Figs. 6 and 7, represent a slightly different form,
in which the exterior is made with a projecting chamber c, into which the loop,

page_text: staple, or stud is secured by the revolution of a; Figs. 8 and 9 represent another
form, in which an interior projection d forms part of the exterior tube a; the
interior disc has a part cut away sufficient to allow of the entrance of the loop,
staple, or stud through the passage o, Fig. 8, by a partial revolution of a; this
passage is closed, and the loop, staple, or stud falls into the enclosed part c,
Fig. 9, where it prevents the return of a and the re-opening of c. Fig. 13 is
a fastening, in which a spring and bolt is used to secure the loop; Fig. 10
represents an outer tube, having an opening for the loop at e; Fig. 12
represents a bolt and helical spring, which are fitted inside, Fig. 10, see
Figure 13.
We do not confine ourselves solely to these particular constructions of our
Invention, as the same may be made with various modifications, and we
purpose to apply its use to the fastening of bracelets, necklets, and a variety
of other small articles.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE MODE AND PROCESS OF TREATING THE SHAVINGS, PARINGS, AND REFUSE OF HIDES AND LEATHER, AND ALSO IN THE PROCESS AND MODE OF TREATING OR OPERATING UPON THESE AND WASTE LEATHER, IN ORDER TO PRODUCE A NEW ARTICLE OR FABRIC
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Abraham Ripley at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 16th March
1860.
I, ABRAHAM RIPLEY, of 42, Bridge Street, Blackfriars, City of London,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE MODE AND PROCESS OF TREATING THE SHAVINGS, PARINGS, AND
REFUSE OF HIDES AND LEATHER, AND ALSO IN THE PROCESS AND MODE OF TREATING
OR OPERATING UPON THESE AND WASTE LEATHER, IN ORDER TO PRODUCE A NEW
ARTICLE OR FABRIC," to be as follows, that is to say:-
I propose to take the cuttings and shavings and parings of hides and leather,
or the refuse of these from the process of manufacture into leather, or old waste
leather of any kind, and reduce them down to a pulverized or powdered state,
or at least until they are reduced to light small particles. I then incorporate
the reduced powder with india-rubber or gutta percha, or some other similar
adhesive and elastic substance, or a combination of these. I effect this by
passing the mixture between rollers, so formed as to give very great pressure.
I continue to pass the mass several times through these rollers, each time
adding more and more of the leather dust until I have got the whole com-
pletely incorporated, and of such consistency as I require. I then roll it out
into various sized sheets, or mould it into any form by means of callendering
rollers or moulds. Previous to using the rollers or mixing the leather dust
with the other compounds, in some cases I form the first named into a soft

page_text: mass by means of a centrifugal apparatus, and then commingle it with the
adhesive compound by means of the rollers. By adding various other well-
known matters with the mass, I can vary its properties, for instance, by the
addition of coke dust, iron filings, or hard wood sawdust, and such like, I can
render it more or less hard; by increasing the quantity of elastic materials
used I render it more elastic or ductile, and by diminishing these, less so. I
can render it also non-inflammable by the introduction of salts of soda,
baryta, and such like; also by means of coloring matter I can produce a
variety of designs and patterns on the new fabric, which can be applied to
numerous uses in the arts and manufactures.
IMPROVEMENTS IN OBTAINING SULPHUR OR CERTAIN SULPHUR COMPOUNDS FROM CERTAIN OTHER SULPHUR COMPOUNDS, AND IN OBTAINING CARBONIC ACID
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Hunt at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 27th October
1860.
I, WILLIAM HUNT, of Tipton, in the County of Stafford, Manufacturing
Chemist, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN OBTAINING SULPHUR OR CERTAIN SULPHUR COMPOUNDS FROM CERTAIN OTHER
SULPHUR COMPOUNDS, AND IN OBTAINING CARBONIC ACID," to be as follows:-
When earthy sulphates, such as sulphate of lime or baryta are mixed with
coke or other carbonaceous matter, and heated in a close vessel, carbonic acid
and earthy sulphurets are produced as is well known.
My Invention consists, firstly, in passing a current of steam into a retort or
close vessel, in which a mixture of earthy sulphate and carbonaceous matter
are heated to redness. The effect of the said steam is to produce sulphuretted
hydrogen, which passes off mixed with the carbonic acid, the hydrogen of the
steam combining with the sulphur of the earthy sulphate to form the said sul-
phuretted hydrogen. The mixture of carbonic acid and sulphuretted hydrogen
thus produced may be used in the manufacture of carbonate of soda by being
passed through sulphuret of sodium, the presence of the sulphuretted
hydrogen not interfering with the conversion of the sulphuret of sodium into
carbonate of soda by the carbonic acid; sulphur may be obtained from the
sulphuretted bydrogen procured by treating earthy sulphates in the manner
described. In order to obtain sulphur therefrom sulphurous acid is mixed

page_text: with the sulphuretted hydrogen when sulphur in fine powder is precipitated
therefrom, and may be condensed in a chamber or other suitable apparatus.
Or the sulphuretted hydrogen may be mixed with air and burned so as to pro-
duce sulphurous acid, which may be converted into sulphuric acid in the
ordinary manner. The earthy sulphates which I prefer to use in carrying
this part of my Invention into effect are the sulphates of lime, baryta, and
strontia.
My Invention consists, secondly, in obtaining carbonic acid by heating native
carbonate of iron to redness in close vessels or retorts. The oxide of iron left
in the close vessels or retorts may be used to make iron from, or for any other
purpose to which it is applicable.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PRODUCING CERTAIN DESIGNS AND PATTERNS UPON CLOTH OR TEXTILE FABRICS. IN ORDER. TO PROCURE CERTAIN EFFECTS IN GARMENTS MADE THEREFROM
Year: 1860

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Edward Sparkhall, of Cheapside, in the City of
London, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN PRODUCING CERTAIN
DESIGNS AND PATTERNS UPON CLOTH OR TEXTILE FABRICS. IN ORDER. TO
PROCURE CERTAIN EFFECTS IN GARMENTS MADE THEREFROM."
Sealed the 11th October 1860, and dated the 14th June 1860.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Edward Sparkhall at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
14th June 1860.
I, EDWARD SPARKHALL, of Cheapside, in the City of London, do hereby
5 declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PRODUCING
CERTAIN DESIGNS AND PATTERNS UPON CLOTH OR TEXTILE FABRICS IN ORDER TO
PROCURE CERTAIN EFFECTS IN GARMENTS MADE THEREFROM," to be as follows:-
I produce in or upon cloth or textile fabrics by weaving or otherwise,
designs or patterns in lines, straight, curved or zig-zag, running obliquely and
opposite each other, so as to meet in a point at the middle of the "piece," or
thereabouts, thus or thus, at an angle of 45°; or any other angle,
thus producing in one and the same "piece" a design or pattern and its
reversed duplicate.
But instead of making the whole design or pattern in duplicate in the one

page_text: "piece," as aforesaid, it may be produced in two companion pieces; one in
which the lines or stripes shall run obliquely up or down to the right, and the
other obliquely up or down to the left; in which case the tailor or worker will
have to take care to make the garments up so as to produce the same effect
as if the first-mentioned plan were adopted (viz., producing both sets of lines
in one and the same piece). The intention being that when waistcoats,
cloaks, or other garments, whether for men or women, are made up, the lines
of the pattern or design shall runn inclining to or from each other, and so pro-
duce the desired ornamental effect contrary to the usual method, which is to
have the lines of the pattern all one way.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE PREPARATION OF CLAY FOR POTTERY PURPOSES, WHICH IMPROVE MENTS ARE ALSO APPLICABLE TO FILTERING OR CLEANSING LIQUIDS
Year: 1860

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Humphrey Chamberlain, of the Sandford Estate
Pottery Works, Wareham, Dorsetshire, for the Invention of "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE PREPARATION OF CLAY FOR POTTERY PURPOSES, WHICH IMPROVE
MENTS ARE ALSO APPLICABLE TO FILTERING OR CLEANSING LIQUIDS."
Sealed the 15th March 1861, and dated the 29th December 1860.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Humphrey Chamberlain,
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
29th December 1860.
I, HUMPHREY CHAMBERLAIN, of the Sandford Estate Pottery Works, Ware-
ham, Dorsetshire, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PREPARATION OF CLAY FOR POTTERY PURPOSES, WHICH
IMPROVEMENTS ARE ALSO APPLICABLE TO FILTERING OR CLEANSING LIQUIDS," to be
as follows:-
This Invention consists in the preparation of the clay in the stage after it
has been mixed, and whilst in a thick liquid state technically termed "slip,"
for the purpose of depriving it of its superfluous moisture, so as to render it fit
for the potter. Various systems have been introduced for this purpose with

page_text: more or less advantage, but all the present systems employed are objectionable
on the score of expence.
In carrying out this Invention I prepare a tank having a layer of plaster of
Paris over its bottom, into which tank the clay in the liquid state or "slip" is
poured; this tank is in connection with any convenient exhausting apparatus ;
the plaster of Paris readily absorbs the superfluous moisture from the clay,
whilst the exhausting apparatus being put into operation will again exhaust or
deprive the plaster of Paris of the water drawn from the clay.
The object of this Invention may also be effected by using the apparatus
above described in a different manner, that is, in place of exhausting the
moisture, driving it off or expelling it by means of hot air driven into the mass.
Or it may be pumped into a close chamber, of which some surfaces are com-
posed of plaster. After the chamber is full, and when the pressure increases,
the water will be forced through the plaster, leaving the plastic clay or other
material in the chamber. The pressure can be got by a head or other means
than-pumping
This Invention is also applicable to the filtering or refining of various other
liquids, such as oils & water.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF FIGURED LACE MADE ON BOBBIN NET MACHINES
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Burrows at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 12th June
1860.
I, GEORGE BURROWS, (of the Firm of Messrs. Hartshorn and Burrows, of
the Town and County of the Town of Nottingham,) Lace Manufacturer, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF FIGURED LACE MADE ON BOBBIN NET MACHINES," to be as
follows:-
My improvements consist in arranging the threads used in bobbin net
machines which are threaded through bars, as herein-after mentioned. Here-
tofore the work on bobbin net machines has been divided into "breadths,"
excepting, of course, those machines making plain net, each breadth being of
certain width, and each of such widths having the same pattern or design upon
it (or by dividing the same breadth into the widths known in the trade as cut
ups), the pattern or design has therefore been circumscribed or confined to the
width of the breadth being made on the machine. But by this my Invention
I am enabled to make a pattern or design of any required width. I divide
the bars carrying the threads as follows:-The bar or bars having the requisite
holes or perforations I thread in such manner as to make any required pattern
or design, which, by way of example or illustration, I will say is nine inches
wide; I then thread such portion of the bars as will enable me to extend the
pattern or design, and which by repetition of the same I obtain any width of
pattern or design required, the bars being moved by a jacquard or other
suitable contrivance.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF COKE AND CHARCOAL FROM LIGNITE, AND OBTAINING PRODUCTS THEREFROM
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Josiah Harris at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 7th May 1860.
I, JOSIAH HARRIS, Mining Engineer, of City Bank Chambers, Threadneedle
Strect, London, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF COKE AND CHARCOAL FROM LIGNITE, AND
OBTAINING PRODUCTS THEREFROM," to be as follows:-
A kiln, furnace, or receptacle, is constructed to hold the lignite, having feed
and discharge holes, or pipes also having pipes to convey gas or air to and from
the kiln, furnace, or receptacle. The kiln, furnace, or receptacle, is constructed
so that the atmospheric air may be excluded, and the gas given off during the
process of conversion and combustion may be exhausted and collected at
pleasure. The gaseous products when conveyed into suitable receivers can bo'
used for heating, lighting, exhausting, or for other purposes. The kiln, furnace,
or receptaclo having been charged with lignite, and after the gases are given
or drawn off, the dampers can be shut down to prevent the admittance of
atmospheric air. The air and gases remaining in the kiln, furnace, or
recepticle, are exhausted by being drawn out or consumed. The fire in the
coke or charcoal is put out by water, steam, or carbonic acid gas, either used
separate or in combination; the residue being coke or charcoal.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF FLOATING PIERS
Year: 1860

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Henry Muntz, of Millbrook, in the County
of Hants, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF
FLOATING PIERS."
Sealed the 29th June 1860, and dated the 16th April 1860.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Henry Muntz
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
16th April 1860.
I, WILLIAM HENRY MUNTZ, of Millbrook, in the County of Hants, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
CONSTRUCTION OF FLOATING PIERS," to be as follows:-.
This Invention is designed principally to be employed for the purpose of
embarking and disembarking passengers, cattle, carriages, and other freight
on to and from ferry boats of the particular construction described in the Pro-
visional Specification of an Invention for which I applied for Her Majesty's
Letters Patent on the Third day of March, One thousand eight hundred and
sixty (No. 593), but is also applicable for loading and unloading vessels of the
ordinary form or construction.
The Invention consists principally in so constructing the pier as to form a
breakwater on each side of the boat or vessel (whilst she is loading and

page_text: unloading), projecting at right angles, or nearly so, from the quay or shore.
This part of the floating pier consists of two planked gangways, one on each
side of the vessel, supported upon floating tanks which are linked together with
chain cable or long links, and connected to the quay or to the shore by means
of a planked flap or gangway hinged thereto. This hinged flap or gangway,
which is the full width of the whole pier, allows of the floating pier rising and
falling with the tide, and forms a level or inclined connection between the
floating pier and the quay or shore, according to the state of the tide.
The floating tanks are protected from damage by driving in two or more
piles on each side of each tank, so as to allow the tanks with the platform or
gangway on them to rise and fall with the tide between the said protecting
piles.
It will thus be evident that at all states of the tide droves of cattle, horses,
and carriages can be embarked and disembarked over the end of the ferry
boat or vessel, whilst the passengers can land or embark over either or both
sides.
A NEW AND USEFUL IMPROVEMENT IN THE SMELTING. AND REPINING OF IRON
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Edward Newton at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 20th
February 1860.-A communication from abroad by John Black Cornell,
William Wiggins Cornell, and Birdsall Cornell, all of the City of New
York.
1, WILLIAM EDWARD NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery Lane;
in the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "A NEW AND USEFUL IMPROVEMENT IN THE SMELTING.
AND REPINING OF IRON," to be as follows:-
The improvement in the process of smelting iron, and which forms the
first part of the present Invention, consists in placing certain of the ores of
zinc or the pure metal itself immediately below the iron ore in the furnace,
and then at the proper moment admitting steam or minute jets of water-
through the tuyeres with the air into the furnace during the process of
smelting. By this means the iron is made to part with its carbonic acid and
oxygen more readily, and is also, by the presence of the zinc (in a volatilized
state) prevented from becoming oxidized again, the zinc serving as a protecting.
agent, becoming itself oxidized and volatilized in the furnace. In the refining
of iron, a layer of zinc ore (or the equivalent thereof) is placed upon the-
floor of the refining chamber, and then a quantity of steam or minute jets of"
water is discharged into the furnace. The refining (or puddling) furnace

page_text: may be so located with relation to the smelting furnace, that the iron may run
from the latter directly into the former. By varying the proportions of the
steam or water admitted into a furnace, a softer or a harder iron may be
produced at pleasure.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN MOWING AND REAPING MACHINES
Year: 1860

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Burgess, of Newgate Street, in the City of
London, Agricultural Implement Manufacturer, for the Invention of "AN
IMPROVEMENT IN MOWING AND REAPING MACHINES."
Sealed the 22nd June 1860, and dated the 13th April 1860.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Burgess at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
13th April 1860.
I, WILLIAM BURGESS, of Newgate Street, in the City of London, Agricultural.
Implement Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "AN IMPROVEMENT IN MOWING AND REAPING MACHINES," to be as follows:-
The object of my Invention is to insure the better working of mowing and.
reaping machines over inequalities in the ground upon which the machines
may be travelling.
To effect this, I employ an inner frame which carries the axle of the main
driving wheel, and I connect this frame to that which carries the gearing to
work the knife by means of axis on a line with the second motion spindle or
that which derives its motion from teeth inside of the main wheel. This
arrangement admits of the driving wheel rising or falling without the gearing.
frame, and consequently the knife rising and falling with it.
IM- PROVEMENTS IN WARPING
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Clarke at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 20th December
1860.
I, JAMES CLARKE, the younger, of Longford Street, Rochdale, in the County
of Lancaster, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN WARPING," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to certain improvements in warping, which consist in
the employment of two flat plates made to work in each other; said plates
having forks screwed therein for the half beers to run through. I also propose
employing bent levers or arms for the purpose of raising alternate forks; said
levers or arms being connected to a horizontal bar, by which they are to be
actuated by suitable mechanical contrivance.
AN IMPROVEMENT OR IMPROVEMENTS IN BALANCING MILLSTONES
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Gough at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 30th July
1860. .
I, WILLIAM GOUGH, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Miller,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVEMENT OR
IMPROVEMENTS IN BALANCING MILLSTONES," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists of the method herein-after described of balancing
millstones, that is to say, of adjusting the centre of gravity of millstones so
that the said millstones shall be accurately balanced upon their axes both while
at rest and in motion.
In balancing millstones according to my Invention I proceed as follows:-.
At four equidistant points on the upper side of the stone, and near its periphery,
I insert metal cases or boxes, in each of which are two weights, one of the
said weights resting on the bottom of the box, and the other on ledges or
supports near the middle of the box. One of the said weights is thus supported
over the other. On one side of each weight a horizontal rack is inserted, and
pinions engaging with the said racks are fixed on vertical axes, the tops of
which axes project through the tops of the cases or boxes. By turning the
said axes the weights may be moved backwards or forwards in the direction of
radii, and the balance of the millstone be thereby effected. Although I prefer
to use four sets of weights, yet three or other number of sets of weights may
be employed with the same or nearly the same effect.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN BREAKS FOR RAILWAY CARRIAGES
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Parsons at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 24th September
1860.
I, GEORGE PARSONS, of No. 1, Duke Street, Finsbury, in the County of
Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "CERTAIN
IMPROVEMENTS IN BREAKS FOR RAILWAY CARRIAGES," to be as follows:-
The object of my Invention is to furnish breaks for railway trains more
powerful than those in present use, and which can be applied to every carriage
in a train if required.
For this purpose I fix one or more break wheels on the axle of the carriage
wheels, and pass round such break wheel or wheels a friction band or its
equivalent, one end of which is connected to a spring, the other end passes
through a slot in the said band and is then connected by a chain or otherwise
to a band passing over a break wheel or wheels fixed on the next axle of the
carriage. The end of the last-mentioned band is connected with the guard's
break in the ordinary manner, or by means of a coupling with breaks on the
same arrangement on every carriage in the train. When the breaks are con-
nected from one carriage to another I sometimes, in addition to the ordinary
coupling, connect the end of the band from one carriage with the end of a
lever suspended from a joint on the end of a frame of the carriage next
contiguous in the train, and where the said levers cross each other between the
carriages I connect them with a pin passing through a slot near their centres.

page_text: In order to keep the bands from resting on the break wheels when the
breaks are not in use, the said bands are suspended from the carriage
framing by a spring or by other suitable means.
Railway breaks constructed as herein described, when used with single
carriages or continuously throughout the train, may be operated upon by the
guard from his own carriage in the ordinary manner.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF LIFE & OTHER BOATS
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Duke at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 18th October
1860.
I, JAMES DUKE, of Dover, in the County of Kent, Ship Builder, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
CONSTRUCTION OF LIFE & OTHER BOATS," to be as follows:-
I construct these boats with two skins or substances without ribs or analogous
timbers, rendered air-tight, the outer one being of double clinch work, that is
to say, of two or more thicknesses of planking laid longitudinally, and in
manner so to "break joint" with each other. The inner skin forms the
interior surface of the boat, and is fitted with thwarts and other usual fittings.
This inner skin I form of double planking also, and may extend up to the
gunwale, or may, by preference, terminate at the thwarts or other point below
the gunwale; I stay and bind the two skins together by suitable timbers to
maintain the rigidity and stability of the boat. The main keel extends from
the inner skin and passes down below the bottom of the boat; there are further
two sister keels, or kelsons, or timbers, running parallel with the keel, and
separated some few inches from the keel; these kelsons in depth extend from
the inner to the outer skins, and the spaces between them and the keel are
open to the water below. The keel and kelsons are firmly bolted and stayed
at intervals throughout their length. The depth between the outer and inner
skins of the boat is such that her load-water line is some inches below the

page_text: bottom of the inner skin. The inner skin has numerous holes in the bottom
communicating with the spaces between the keel and sister kelson, whereby
any water shipped finds immediate escape. These kelsons may be continued
throughout the length of the boat, but, by preference, I continue them only
about three-fifths the length of the boat, leaving a short space at each end
above which a deck is formed level with the thwarts, the whole of the space
below such decks being air spaces for the buoyancy of the boat. The water
spaces on each side of the keel before mentioned are necessarily co-extensive
with the kelsons, which are so arranged that the longitudinal water spaces are
narrowest at bottom and extend in width towards the upper part. In this
construction of boat it will be observed that there is always contained an
amount of water in the spaces between the keel and sister kelsons, which has
the effect of ballast on the boat, which is at same time free to escape from
such spaces below, and these spaces further afford the necessary passage through
the bottom of the boat for the escape of the water shipped, which escape can
be formed of any desirable extent.
IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM ENGINES
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Beardmore and William
Rigby at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Peti-
tion, on the 7th March 1860.
We, WILLIAM BEARDMORE, of Deptford, in the County of Kent, Engineer,
and WILLIAM RIGBY, of Glasgow, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM ENGINES," to be as follows:-
These improvements relate to a peculiar construction of steam engine
described in the Specification of a Patent granted to us, dated the 11th October
1853, (No. 2326), and consist partly in applying to or combining with such
an arrangement of steam engine, a high-pressure cylinder within the low-
pressure cylinder, in such manner that high-pressure steam is received into
the central cylinder, and having actuated the piston therein, it passes into the
external cylinder, and actuates a ring piston therein, and from thence the
steam passes into the condenser, which may be worked by injection or surface
cooling. The piston rod of the high-pressure cylinder is connected to a
cross head, to which two of the ends of the two piston rods of the ring piston
of the low-pressure cylinder are affixed. The other ends of the two piston rods
of the low-pressure cylinder give motion to the hollow trunk of the air
pump, as described in the Specification of our said former Patent, and the
trunk gives motion by a connecting rod as therein described to the crank
shaft. The air pump in this combination is within the condenser as formerly
described, the crank shaft being between the ends of the steam cylinders and
the air pump. In place of the high-pressure cylinder being within the low-

page_text: ,
pressure cylinder, it may be, external of the low-pressure cylinder; the cross
head is then dispensed with, and a piston rod connects the pistons of the
high and low pressure cylinders, the other two piston rods of the low-pressure
cylinder giving motion to the trunk of the air pump, as described in our
former Specification.
A NEOMONOSCOPE OR APPARATUS FOR VIEWING PHOTOGRAPHIC AND OTHER LIKE PICTURES
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Paul Adolphe Auguste Beau at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
30th March 1860.
I, PAUL ADOLPHE AUGUSTE BEAU, of Porchester Terrace, in the County of
Middlesex, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"A NEOMONOSCOPE OR APPARATUS FOR VIEWING PHOTOGRAPHIC AND OTHER LIKE
PICTURES," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in constructing a neomonoscope or apparatus with
one glass or several glasses superposed for the purpose of obtaining a similar
effect to that derived from viewing pictures in or through a stereoscope. The
monoscope is a pyramidal or conical-shaped case, with a part of one of the
sides removed to admit light, fitted with a flap or not as desired. The glass is
fitted in the top of the apparatus, and in some cases flaps for forming, when
raised, a dark chamber between the eye and the glass, are added. The bottom
of the apparatus is made to slide to admit of its being entirely removed, in
order to view transparent objects or others apart from the apparatus itself.
The sides of the apparatus are either made rigid or to fold. I sometimes add
a pocket which forms part of the sides or bottom of the apparatus to contain
photographic or other representations.
OBTAINING COLORING MATTER FROM THE LENTISC OR MASTIC TREE
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Thomas Hughes, at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 2nd
July 1860. A communication from abroad by Christophe Muratore,
Merchant, of Algiers, Africa, Empire of France.
I, EDWARD THOMAS HUGHES, of the Firm of Hughes & Son, Patent
Agents, 123, Chancery Lane, London, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "OBTAINING COLORING MATTER FROM THE LENTISC OR MASTIC
TREE," a communication from abroad by Christophe Muratore, Merchant, of
Algiers, Africa, Empire of France, to be as follows:-
I take the leaves or berries of the lentisc or mastic tree, and boil them in
water; I then strain the liquid through a filter and precipitate it with a
solution of salts of iron (oxide or sulphate), by which I obtain a liquid of a
deep blue colour which will give to fabrics immersed in it a good black dye,
provided they are left in the solution whilst in a state of effervescence until a
reaction takes place. The said solution may be used instead of Campeachy
wood, nut galls, or other tanning materials. It also gives a black dye to all
articles which have been immersed in a solution of iron.
To facilitate the exportation or carriage of the said black dye, which in.
commerce will be called African Campeachy wood, it may be reduced to an.
extract or powder in the usual manner, and afterwards made into a solution by
water. The powder may also be used for painting by being mixed with oil or
other matters well known to the trade. The said coloring matter or African
Campeachy wood will produce other colors than black, according as it is mixed

page_text: with other salts or acids; for instance, if salts of iron are used to precipitate it,
a deep blue colour will be the result, which will become black by contact with
the air. If salts of tin are used, a yellowish color will be produced; salts of
lead, white; salts of copper, brown; salts of mercury, yellow, and so on.
The branches or stems of the aforesaid tree will also produce the same
colouring matter, but not in the same proportion as the leaves or berries, so
that the whole of this tree, which is very plentiful, almost inexhaustible
in Africa, and very cheap, may be made to supersede Campeachy wood, gall
nuts, and other expensive colouring matters.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF THE PERMANENT WAY OF RAILWAYS
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Floride Heindryckx at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 9th July
1860.
I, FLORIDE HEINDRYCKX, of Brussels, but now residing at Northumberland
Street, Strand, in the City of Westminster, Engineer, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF THE
PERMANENT WAY OF RAILWAYS," to be as follows:-
My Invention of improvements in the construction of the permanent way of
railways relates to a novel mode of constructing and arranging that part of the
permanent way which is intended to supply the place of the chairs and sleepers
or supports usually employed to support and secure the rails of railroads or
One of the objects of the present Invention is to dispense with the use
of separate chairs for the support of the rails, and to secure the latter
to convenient lengths of angle iron, which when arranged and secured in the
manner hereafter explained will form longitudinal sleepers with a bearing
surface of greater extent than the sleepers usually employed.
ways.
In carrying out my Invention I generally employ by preference a T-shaped
rail, the vertical web of which is enclosed between the vertical flanges of two
bars of angle iron. The parts are secured together by means of screw bolts
and nuts, and the bearing plates of angle iron are arranged in such a manner
that the ends of the pairs of plates are made to break joint, so that the ex-

page_text: tremities of no two plates on one side of the rail shall ever come opposite to
a similar joint on the opposite side of the rail.
In order to preserve the gauge of the line, the longitudinal bearers or sup-
porting plates are at convenient distances bolted or otherwise secured to cast
or wrought iron cross pieces.
By means of the present improvements the bearing surface of the longi-
tudinal sleepers is much increased, so that a considerable portion of the
ballasting usually required in the formation and packing of the permanent
way may be dispensed with, and I am also enabled to use rails of a much
lighter description than heretofore.