Complete Reduction Machine as Applied to Flour Mills.
Year: 1894

page_text: Date of Application, 23rd Aug., 1894
Complete Specification Left, 24th June, 1895-Accepted, 23rd Sept., 1895
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Complete Reduction Machine as Applied to Flour Mills.
ALFRED RISHWORTH TATTERSALL 2 Stracey Road, Willesden N.W. Milling
Engineer do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
"
My complete reduction machine is intended to form with my previous "complete
break machine Patent No. 23260 Dec. 4-93 a complete automatic roller mill
process.
It consists of a purifier for the initial feed having a rapidly inclined sieve with
superposed oblique cross trays followed by three pairs or more of smooth rolls,
after each of which is a centrifugal dresser having zinc hopper cleared by a worm
attached to the outside of the centrifugal reel.
The overtails of each centrifugal is conveyed to the following rolls by means of a
shaking tray which also acts if required as a sifter.
The feeds on to the purifier & rolls are all of the shaking type. The material after
reduction is guided on to a worm conveyor rotating on the spindle of the centrifugals
& so the entire machine is kept within very restricted space.
Dated this 23rd day of August 1894.
ALFRED RISHWORTH TATTERSALL.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Complete Reduction Machine as Applied to Flour Mills.
1, ALFRED RISHWORTH TATTERSALL of 16 Mincing Lane, London, Engineer,
formerly of 2 Stracey Road Willesden, N.W., do hereby declare the nature of
this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
This invention refers to a grinding and sifting machine for flour and is designed
to form with my previous complete break machine, (patented December 1893
No. 23260) a complete automatic roller mill process for disintegrating, separating
and treating grain.
In the modern roller milling process the first operations of breaking down the
wheat on fluted rolls have for their object to eliminate the bran without reducing it
to particles so small that they would go into the flour and discolor it. This is
achieved by separating the inner part of the grain from the bran in the shape of
semolina or middlings and flour, leaving the greater part of the bran in flakes
which can easily be separated from the middlings or semolina by the ordinary
sifting process.
The semolina and middlings after purification by a current of air
in a special section hereafter described must then undergo a number of operations,
until they are reduced to marketable flour and finished offal. These operations
consist in grinding by several pairs of smooth rolls and subsequent siftings and
dressings and regrinding of the particles not yet reduced to flour by the previous
operations.
This gradual reduction of the semolina and middlings required hitherto a number
of separate machines, i.e. roller mills and dressing machines which were placed in

page_text: different floors, and the material elevated from one pair of rolls to the corresponding
dressing machine by means of elevators. A number of separate machines requiring
elevators, worms and conveyors take-up a considerable amount of space, consume a
certain amount of power, and render the proper management and supervision of all
the processes irksome and inconvenient, particularly in a small mill with limited
space.
The object of this new machine is to combine the various manhines for the
different operations, into one single machine, which performs all the operations
necessary, for producing flour from middlings or semolina, and separating the offal
from the finished flour.
I will now.describe the machine with reference to the accompanying drawings, in
which the similar figures and letters represent identical parts.
Fig. 1. shows a 'longitudinal cross section of the entire machine, without the
purifier, which may or may not be used.
Fig. 2. shows a transverse sectional elevation of the 3-sets of rollers, frames and
mechanism for grinding the middlings or semolina.
Fig. 3. shows a transverse section through the centrifugal frame.
Fig. 4. shows an end view of the gearing for working the various shafts.
Fig. 5. shows a vertical section of my purifier.
Fig. 6. shows a plan view.
Fig. 7. shows a plan view of the sloping table and frame, with.alternate-channels
and open spaces.
Fig. 8. shows a side view of Fig. 6, partly in section.
Fig. 9. shows the screwed spindle with travelling brush.
a, (Fig. 2) is the hopper which receives the middlings from the purifier. One
side of this hopper is made adjustable by the screwed rod and link as shown.
The middlings fall onto a sloping vibrating table b, technically called a "shaker
feed," which distributes the stock evenly across the rolls. This is operated by
means of the cam b¹, mounted on the shaft c. The revolution of this cam operates
the block c, which draws the table b, backwards. ², is a spiral spring which
returns the table b, and block c¹ to their normal position, after being operated by
cam b', thus a small portion of the middlings or semolina is carried down between
the grinding rollers à, d'. The roller d, is fixed in its bearings, and the roller d', is
made adjustable by the mechanism, shown by the dotted lines in Fig. 2. The
usual scrapers are placed under the rollers to clean them.
The roller d', is mounted in an elastic bearing, as explained hereafter so as
to allow any hard substances to pass through the rollers without injury.
After the ground.middlings have passed through the rollers, they fall on to the
spiral conveyor e, mounted at the bottom of the trough e Fig. 2.
The conveyor forwards the ground material into the centrifugal dresser ƒ,
(Fig. 1.) being fixed on the spindle of same.
"When the ground middlings arrive in the revolving centrifugal, they are sifted as
much as possible, by the beaters beating the material against the silk.
On the conveyor and centrifugal shaft e are fixed four arms f¹, Fig. 1. and
at the outer end of these arms, long strips of suitable material, (charcoal iron,)
are fixed to act as beaters f². These beaters fare driven at a higher speed than
the cylindrical sifter itself, the proportion being about ten to one.
The outside walls or cover of the centrifugal dresser or sifter consist of silk
gauze, or other suitable material, stretched over frames, and are circular.
On the outside of the sifter a number of oblique blades f, Fig. 1, are fixed,
which in their revolution serve to push forward the sifted flour along the bottom
of the trough f, and guide it into a spout and down the hopper h¹ Fig. 3.
To guide the tailings or rejections out through the cone shaped outlet f³, curved
guides 9, 9, (Fig. 3) are fixed, which guide the tailings into the centre of the
centrifugal, and this mouth being cone shaped, ejects the tailings out of the
centrifugal into the hopper g', from which they fall into the stepped sieve
conveyor h. Fig. 1.

page_text: The sifted flour which falls through the gauze.forming the outer casing of
the centrifugal f, falls into the hopper hand. is carried away.as..explained, see
Fig. 3.
The usual brushes h2, h3, serve to keep the gauze of the centrifugal clean (see
Fig. 3).
Referring to the sieve .conveyor h, which is covered with silk gauze, of a
suitable mesh so that any offal received from the centrifugal may be sifted again
in its passage up the conveyor h, and any offal left in same is conveyed upwards
and on to the subsequent pair of reduction rolls. This sieve conveyor-receives a
vibrating motion from the cami, which is furnished with three-teeth or pawls .
"These teeth in their revolution come into contact with the log on-the.end of.
the sieve conveyor, thus giving: a slow backward motion, and as. soon as the tooth
is passed the conveyor receives a quick return motion imparted by the spring.
The tailings of the centrifugal dresser are sifted so as to reject offal :requiring
further grinding, and are thus conveyed up the sieve conveyor .into another
hopper j. Fig. 1. down on to another swinging table or "shaker feed" (Fig. 2) through
the second pair of rollers, and goes thro' the same operations as above described.
.
Referring to the roll adjustment shown in dotted lines in Fig. 2. The rod ľ
carries a nut m³. sliding in the hollow end of the adjustable bearing lever m. The
nut can therefore not revolve, but compresses or expands the spring m³, when the
rod is turned. Near the outer end of the rod is a fixed collar.or nut which holds
the rod against moving outward, by means of the cavity in the hollow bush of a
small handwheel as shewn in section Fig. 2. The spindle of this handwheel is
formed in one with a screwed block and by turning the hand wheel, the adjustable
roll is thus moved from.or towards the fixed-roll.
1, forms a bracket with adjustable bearing for the rollers d'.
, is a rod furnished with a nut contained in the cavity ³ in the screwed hollow
block, same being furnished with a handle at its outer end, and passing through
the bracket l.
m, is a lever fulcrummed at m². On this lever man eye is formed, through which
passes the axle of the roller d' m², is a small spiral spring placed round one end of
the rod, at the upper end of the lever m; this spring abuts against a small screwed
collar or nut m³.
Thus should any hard substance come between the two rollers, the spiral spring
will allow the hard substance to pass-through, causing no damage to the surface of
the rollers.
The apparatus is driven as follows: The roller d, is driven direct from band
pulley, the roller d' being driven by means of cog wheels e, el, gearing into one
another. The cog wheels-e, having more cogs, causes a differential speed between
the two rolls. All three sets of rollers are driven in a similar manner. The shaft c
mounted in bearing e is driven in each case from the shaft of the band pulley &²
(Fig. 1) by means of band, pulleys e³, e. n, is an iron frame.in which the whole of
the machine shafting and the like, is fixed.
- are
The three or more sets of rollers revolve in one casing (see Fig. 1.) and a
driven as above described.
The worm conveyor.and centrifugal shaft e, is driven by means of a cogwheel es,
gearing with a similar cogwheel e, mounted on the shaft of the band pulley e²; all
the three conveyor and centrifugal shafts e e are driven in a similar manner.
The three centrifugal sifters, are driven from the other end of the machine by
means of the train of gearing o³, o³, 04, 0º, 0º, o³, working off the shaft-o, on which
the band pulley o¹ is mounted.
The centrifugal cylinders are driven by means of the wheels o³, of, o'. See Fig.1
and 4.
After all the flour is finally sifted, the conveyor p, mounted on a shaft pl, carries
it away to be sacked off. (Fig. 1.)
4
This shaft p is driven by means of cogwheel p* of the wheel o³.
q, Fig. 1 is a shaft on which the sieve conveyors cam 2 is mounted; this

page_text: snart is driven off the shaft o, by means of a pair of bevel wheels q', driving the
band pulley g off 9. Fig. 1 and 4.
The centrifugal cylinders and the train of gear driving them, are mounted in the
frame n.
7, is the casing in which the centrifugals work.
My present invention consists of a purifier, which is optional, for the initial feed,
having a blast and a rapidly inclined sieve, with superposed oblique cross trays,
followed by three pairs or more of smooth rolls, after each of which is a centrifugal
dresser, having a zinc hopper cleared by a worm attached to the outside of the
centrifugal reel.
The overtails of each centrifugal are conveyed to the following rolls by means
of shaking trays, which also act, if required, as sifters to take off the offal."
The feeds on to the purifier and rolls, are all of a shaking type.
The material, after reduction, is guided on a worm-conveyor rotating on the
spindle of the centrifugals, and so the entire machine is kept within very restricted
space without unnecessary elevators.
The mode of working the machine is as follows:
The middlings from the break machine are fed into to the purifier, and fall from the
purifier into the first hopper of the reduction machine as shown at the top of Fig. 2,
and fall on to the shaker feed below, and from thence down between the 1st pair of
rollers of chilled iron.
After passing between the rollers, they fall on to the worm or conveyor, which
forwards them into the revolving centrifugal sifter or dresser.
This consists of an iron crinoline like cylinder around which is stretched silk
gauze.
Inside this cylinder beaters are arranged, which keep the middlings in constant
motion, and force out all those particles suitable for flour, according to the mesh of
the cover.
Under the last centrifugal sifter, there is the usual worm or conveyor, to receive
and deliver off the flour into the sack, but the flour made on each centrifugal may
be caught off into sacks separate from the rest.
After the middlings or as much as is left of them are sifted or dressed, the
residue is led away through the further end of the centrifugal, by the cone shaped
outlet as shown in Fig. 1, and drops down into the stepped sieve conveyor.
On the outside of the centrifugal are placed oblique blades extending about
th round, which serve to lead the sifted flour out of the trough in which the
centrifugal works.
The sieve conveyor receives a vibrating motion from the cam placed at one end.
Thus the coarse tailings are rejected as offal, and the throughs or finer stock
keeps being moved forward by the steps in the tray of the conveyor, which
eventually conducts it up to and down between the 2nd pair of rollers, when the
whole of the above operation is repeated.
My reduction machine is also supplied with a special purifier, for the initial feed,
which will now proceed to describe in detail :
s, is the purifier.
s', is a hopper which first receives the rough middlings from the break machine.
This hopper is fitted with a sliding lip mouthpieces, the movement of which
regulates the delivery as required, on to the feed roller s mounted on shaft 8°.
This lip is adjusted by means of the screw button s³.
t, is a vibrating covered frame, forming a table placed in the frame of the
purifier s, which receives the middlings from the hopper s'.
t', is a shaft placed under the table t, on which is mounted the preferably
bexagonal cams u u, the revolution of which effects the necessary vibration of the
table t. The cams preferably strike against leather or wooden blocks, projecting
from the under side of the table.
This table or frame is covered with silk gauze (not shewn) which forms the
sifting medium.

page_text: t, is a bracket secured to the sides of the purifier supporting a spring bar v',
stretching under, and of nearly the same length as, the table t.
,, are bolts connecting the spring bar v', to the ends of the table; by mean
of this mechanism a quick return movement is given to the table, after same has
been vibrated or moved upwards by the cams u, u. By this means the middlings
are being kept continually sifted; this sifted material drops into the hopper
beneath, which carries it away to the reduction machine.
w, is a revolving fan, mounted on shaft fixed at the top of the purifier, the
revolution of the blades of which causes a blast of air to pass upwards through
the sloping table sieve, for removing from the middlings any light waste material,
such as bran and the like.
The velocity of the air when passing through the small open spaces in the upper
suspended frame necessarily increases, and as soon as it has passed up it expands
and decreases in speed, thus causing the impurities to fall into the channels in the
frame suspended above the sieve.
w, are louvres for admitting the air, to cause the blast when the fan w is in
motion.
w³, is a rod attached to the end of the louvre bars w¹ to permit same to be
opened and shut at will, thus regulating the passage of air.
is another frame suspended above the table t. In this frame a alternate
channels ¹, and open spaces are arranged. The blast of air in passing through
the sieve or covered frame t, causes the particles of bran and the like to rise and
fall back into the channels a¹.
The over tails left are led downwards into another hopper a³, to be disposed of.
y is a brush mounted on the screwed spindle 6. This spindle is screwed with a
right and left handed screw as shewn, causing the brush to move backwards and
forwards over the table t, to keep the gauze clean.
The three shafts t¹, w³, and s³ are rotated simultaneously from one shaft by
means of a belt or chain arranged in a triangular fashion, as shewn in Fig. 5.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is:
1. In a reduction machine for flour mills the combination of the following
mechanism and working parts, namely:
a. The crushing rollers d d with their cam 6' block c¹ spring c³ and swing
table b.
b. The spiral conveyor e and trough e¹.
c. The centrifugal sifting cylinders with their arms and beaters f¹ƒ³, the
external blades or flights, and the trough f".
d. The sifting conveyor h and the cam i.
e. The adjusting mechanism for the roller d consisting of the bracket land
lever m and with or without the special purifier referred to, in Claim 2,
as herein described and set forth.
2. The special purifier described as coming before the initial feed, consisting of
a fan, a sloping sieve attached to a vibrating table-frame covered with silk gauze,
above which is another frame containing channels and open spaces, said sloping
sieve being fitted with a travelling brush, as herein described and set forth.
3. The special sifting conveyor h and cam i, as herein described and set forth.
4. The special centrifugal cylinders f furnished with internal arms and
beaters ff and external blades, as herein described and set forth.
Dated this 24h
June 1905.
S. S. BROMHEAD,
97 Newgate Street, London, Patent Agent.
TALD STRA