IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR MANUFACTURING PIPES, BRICKS, AND TILES
Year: 1855

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to C. Schlickeysen, of Berlin, in the Kingdom of
Prussia, Machinist, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY
FOR MANUFACTURING PIPES, BRICKS, AND TILES."
Sealed the 5th February 1856, and dated the 24th August.1855.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said C. Schlickeysen at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 24th
August 1855.
I, C. SCHLICKEYSEN, of Berlin, in the Kingdom of Prussia, Machinist, do
hereby declare the nature, of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY FOR MANUFACTURING PIPES, BRICKS, AND TILES," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to a novel arrangement of apparatus for facilitating
the manufacture from plastic materials of bricks, tiles, and pipes. In carrying
out this object, I construct a pug mill with a cylindrical case expanding
upwards, and mount in the centre of this case a vertical shaft, which is fitted
with radial knives or beaters for pressing down the clay as it is fed into the
mill. These kuives are formed of such a shape, and arranged helically around
their shaft in such a manner, that the last quarter of one blade will cover the
first quarter of the following one; the object of this arrangement being to
obtain a downward pressure equal to that exerted by a solid piston. At the

page_text: bottom of the pug mill case a cylindrical vessel is fitted, so as to form a false
bottom to the mill, and receive the downward pressure of the clay. This
vessel is keyed to the central shaft, and revolves therewith. To prevent clay
from working behind this vessel and retarding its movement, openings are
made in the case for clearing out all impediments. The action of this revolving
vessel will be to force a portion of clay upwards, and effect its discharge at
the opening in the case covered by the mould plate, while at the same time
another portion is being brought opposite the orifice by the action of the
rotating knives. By this simultaneous action, an equable pressure will be kept
up, and a uniform discharge of clay will therefore be ensured. To disengage
the clay from the upper part of the case, and ensure its descent into the space
occupied by the helically-arranged knives, a scraper or knife carried by the
central shaft projects upwards, and continually describes a vertical circular cut,
thus destroying the tendency of the mass of clay to adhere to the sides of
the case. The inner part of the case is provided as usual with radial arms,
between which the helically-arranged knives work when forcing down the
clay to the discharge orifice. A modification of the above apparatus I
propose to apply to the washing of earth. The vertical shaft I make
hollow, and supply water thereto from above, distributing it through small
perforations under the rotating knives or beaters and under the moveable
false bottom. The water is run off through an annular sieve, surrounding
the casing, and forming a cover for a concentric vessel, into which the clay
and water are discharged. A riddle of wire cloth, mounted in a frame, and
turning in an opposite direction to that of the beaters, drives forward the
diluted earth, by which means (or through which) the water flows off, carrying
off mechanically particles of earth.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said C. Schlickeysen in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
23rd February 1856.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, C. SCHLICK-
EYSEN, of Berlin, in the Kingdom of Prussia, Machinist, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-fourth day of August, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-five, in the nineteenth year of
Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said C. Schlickeysen, Her special license that I, the said C. Schlickeysen,

page_text: my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said C.
Schlickeysen, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time
agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland,
the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY FOR MANUFACTURING PIPES, BRICKS, AND TILES," upon the condition
(amongst others) that I, the said C. Schlickeysen, by an instrument in writing
under my hand and seal, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature
of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed,
and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said C. Schlickeysen, do hereby declare the
naturo of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement, reference being had to the Drawing hereunto annexed, and to the
letters and figures marked thereon (that is to say):-
This Invention relates, firstly, to a novel arrangement of apparatus, con-
structed on the pug mill principle, for facilitating the manufacture from
plastic materials of bricks, tiles, and pipes; and, secondly, in a modification
of this novel arrangement of apparatus to be applied to the washing of
earths.
In the accompanying Drawing, Fig. 1 represents, in vertical section, my
improved apparatus for moulding bricks and other articles, the section being
taken through the middle of the apparatus; Fig. 2 is a top view; Fig. 3,
a horizontal section, taken in the line A, B, of Fig. 1; Fig. 4 is a partial
elevation, taken at the side B, where the orifice for the exit of the clay is
situated; and Fig. 5 shews the upper part of the casing and its appurtenances
developed, or laid out flat. Similar letters of reference indicate like parts in
all the Figures, and all the parts are constructed of iron, except where the
contrary is stated.
a, a, is a hollow cylinder, carrying a hopper b, b, which widens towards its
upper part. Bolted to the hopper is a tubular continuation c, which contracts
slightly in diameter towards its upper end; d is the bottom or foundation plate,
fastened by screw bolts to the casing a, and also to the main framing e, c,
which supports the whole of the machine; f, f, are cross pieces bolted to the
framing e; g, g, is a vertical shaft, supported by a bearing secured to the under
side of the plate d, and turning in a step carried by one of the cross pieces f.

page_text: Mounted on the shaft g are knives or blades h, h, shewn in the developed view,
Fig. 5, and also detached, and in plan view, at Fig. 6. i is an arm mounted
upon and turning with the shaft g, and carrying an inclined knife k at its
extremity; 1, 1, are radial arms, mounted upon the inner periphery of the casing,
and shewn in transverse section at Fig. 5; m, m, is a shallow vessel, fixed to
the lower part of the shaft g, and forming a kind of false bottom to .the
cylinder a; the edge of this vessel m fits under a flange which projects from
the inner face of the cylinder a; n is a bevil wheel, mounted upon the upright
shaft g, and to which motion is communicated, by means of another bevil
wheel o, keyed to the horizontal driving shaft p; this shaft p turns in suitable
bearings carried by the cross pieces f. To permit of the discharge of any
clay that may work over the edge of the vessel m, small holes q are made in
the casing a and bottom plate d. r is the passage for conducting the clay to
the mould or die, which is attached, at this part to the cylinder a, and may
be removed and replaced from time to time, according to the nature of the
work in hand.
The operation of the machine is as follows:-The earthy substance to be
moulded into bricks, tiles, or pipes is thrown into the hopper c; and gradually
fills the entire apparatus. It will be seen that the upper blade h would
gradually disengage itself if the knife k were not there, and the plastic
material if stiff would form a solid block over it, and retain its position in
the hopper. This would not, however, occur if the material contained much
water, or if its diameter was equal to thirty inches. In either of these cases
the weight of the material would suffice to cause its descent. But in order
to obtain a regular feed for every degree of tenacity of plastic material,
whatever may be the dimensions of the hopper, the inclined knife k is used, its
action being not to work or press the plastic matters above it, but simply to
prevent the adherence of the clay to the surrounding casing.
The form and helical arrangement of the knives h, h, it will be seen, is
peculiar, the object being to obtain a pressure equal to that exerted by a solid
piston. For this purpose, the knives, which may be said to be sections of a
helical thread, are set around the shaft g (see Figures 2 and 5), so that each
blade is in advance of the blade below it, and thus an overlapping of the
blades is effected, which will prevent the possibility of the clay escaping from
under the rotating blades except at the outlet r.
The vessel m, m, turning with the shaft g, assists in the discharge of the
clay or other plastic materials from the case a, forcing it upwards towards the
opening r, in the same manner, that the mass passing from under the lowest
blade his pressed towards the opening r from above. From this simultaneons

page_text: 5
action results a regular outward feed of the material to the mould or die,
which regularity of feed is very necessary when manufacturing drain pipes
or bricks. The apparatus may be set in motion by any suitable motive agent,
or it may be worked by manual labor.
The difference in effect between the above described machine. and those
hitherto, employed for a similar purpose, is due principally to the employment
of the cleaning knife k, to the overlapping arrangement of knives or beaters
h, and to the rotating false bottom m. When manufacturing solid bricks,
I propose to employ the die shown in front view at Fig. 7, and in cross
section at Fig. 8. This die, it will be seen, is provided with inclined sides,
which are retained in position by binding screws, carried by a rectangular
frame that surrounds the die. These inclined sides form a tapering exit
channel for the clay, and thereby facilitate the moulding of the clay to the
desired form.
The second part of this Invention is shewn in sectional elevation at Fig. 9.
The chief difference in this arrangement which I propose to apply to the
washing of earth is, that the vertical shaft is made hollow to receive a supply
of water from above, which it distributes through small perforations below
the rotating knives or beaters h, h, and below the moveable false bottom x.
t is a cistern in communication with the upper end of the hollow shaft g; u is
a vessel of suitable depth, into which the water discharged from the hollow
shaft g finds its way. The water then runs off through an annular sieve v,
surrounding the casing a, and forming a cover to the vessel u. w is a riddle
of wire cloth, mounted in a frame in this vessel u, and turning in an opposite
direction to that of the knives or beaters h. This riddle drives forward the
diluted earth, by which means (or through which) the water is caused to flow
away through the outlet y, and carry off mechanically the fine washed particles
of earth.
Having now set forth the nature of my Invention of "Improvements in
Machinery for Manufacturing Pipes, Bricks, and Tiles," and explained the
manner of carrying the same into effect, I wish it to be understood that under
the above in part recited Letters Patent I do not intend to claim the use of
radial blades or beaters for forcing down clay into or through moulds or dies,
as that has long been practised; but what I claim with respect to the first
head of the Invention is, first, the employment of the clearing knife k;
secondly, the mode of arranging the radial knives or beaters, as explained, for
putting a continuous downward pressure on the plastic material; thirdly, the
use of the rotating false bottom, for assisting to discharge the plastic material
from the cylinder.

page_text: And with respect to the second head of the Invention, I claim the arrange-
ment described for conducting water into the pugged clay or other plastic
material, and discharging the washed material with the water under pressure
through a fine sieve.
In witness whereof, I, the said C. Schlickeysen, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, the Fourteenth day of February, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-six.
through a fine sieve.
In witness whereof, I, the said C. Schlickeysen, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, the Fourteenth day of February, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-six.
(L.S.)
CARL FRIEDRICH SCHLICKEYSEN.