NEW OR IMPROVED MODES AND MEANS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL BUTTER, AND FOR RENOVATING RANCID OR BAD BUTTER, PART OF THE APPARATUS BEING APPLICABLE TO THE PRESSING AMITR *
Year: 1873

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Quentin Leon Brin, of Camberwell, in the County
of Surrey, for the Invention of "NEW OR IMPROVED MODES AND MEANS
FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL BUTTER, AND FOR RENOVATING RANCID
OR BAD BUTTER, PART OF THE APPARATUS BEING APPLICABLE TO THE PRESSING
AMITR
* Dan
Sealed the 24th April 1874, and dated the 27th October 1873.
"
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Quentin Leon Brin
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 27th October 1873.
I, QUENTIN LEON BRIN, of Camberwell, in the County of Surrey, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "NEW OR IMPROVED
MODES AND MEANS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL BUTTER, AND FOR
RENOVATING RANCID OR BAD BUTTER, PART OF THE APPARATUS BEING APPLICABLE
TO THE PRESSING OF STEARINE AND OTHER LIKE PURPOSES," to be as follows :—
The first part of my Invention consists in the manufacture of artificial
butter from fats or fatty substances in the following manner :-
-The first operation refers to the fusion or mixing of the fatty sub-
stances. I place the material to be treated in a large vessel made of

page_text: wood or lined with pure inoxydizable metal. In or about the centre of
this vessel two churning cylinders or squeezers are caused to revolve,
which express the hot material and leave the fatty matter free.
The second operation refers to the granulation or separation. The
fatty matters being melted are placed in a receiver, where they are
allowed to cool slowly in such manner as to obtain a granulation or
separation as perfect as may be.
The third operation refers to the extraction or expressing by hydraulic
pressure, which is accomplished by submitting the materials, after being
wrapped in cloths or bags and laid horizontally to the action of a
hydraulic press arranged in such manner as to keep the materials with
facility while under pressure in the middle of the press, there being a
current of heated water or other liquid provided to facilitate the flowing
off of the fatty matters. The hydraulic press may be made vertical or
horizontal. As before stated the fatty matters are wrapped in cloths or
other suitable fabric, and between each layer there are placed flat boxes
or vessels forming chambers for the circulation of hot or cold water or
other liquid conducted thereto by flexible pipes; the temperature of the
liquid can be regulated at will. This press is particularly applicable to
the treatment of stearine, although it is applicable for expressing other
substances. The important feature in this press is the employment of
water, oil, or other liquid as described.
The fourth operation refers to the mixing or churning which takes place
as soon as the "oleine margarine" is heated. It is conveyed into a
reservoir containing about ten or fifteen per cent. of milk, and it is
moved about there in such manner as to entirely absorb the milky part
until a perfect combination of the "oleine margarine" and milk is
effected.
The fifth operation refers to the coagulation or solidification which
follows immediately the mixing of the material, viz., of the "oleine
margarine" and milk as aforesaid. In this operation the materials
undergo a very rapid and solid coagulation.
The sixth operation refers to the malaxation or kneading, which is the
last treatment to which the products are submitted. The whole mass of
material would unless treated as about to be described have the
appearance of grease; in order therefore to give it the appearance of
butter I place the material in a malaxating or kneading machine,

page_text: where the whole mass is ground up, kneaded, and submitted to friction
by rolling or otherwise in such manner that the material has iniparted
to it an amount of elasticity and consistency it heretofore did not possess,
so that when the fats as above treated are malaxated the material
which I call fictitious or artificial butter is ready for consumption.
The second part of my Invention refers to the disinfection and resus-
citation of rancid or bad butter.
According to the first operation the rancid or bad butter is placed is a
horizontal beater or churn, where it is put in fusion at a low tempera-
ture by means of a small metallic coil with perforations for free steam.
To the materials in fusion I add a third of the volume in pure water,
then the churn is rotated, and immediately the first separation of the
albuminous substances commences the water issues quite white from the
churn, taking with it a portion of the impure matter, and leaving at the
bottom the fatty substances.
After the first washing the butter is immediately submitted to a
second washing or rinsing with water, to which an alcaline salt has been
added such as carbonate or bicarbonate of soda. Sometimes I add
quicklime to the water and obtain good results. The rinsing terminated
it remains to remove the bad water, and to get rid of all other foreign
matters; for this purpose the butter is submitted to continuous washings
in pure water until there is no bad smell left. The butters thus disin-
fected are placed in a receiver containing ten per cent. or thereabouts of
the best milk with all its cream. The whole mass is then put in motion
until a perfect combination is produced. The combination of the
products having terminated I place the mixture as previously treated
into coolers, where it coagulates and becomes solidified. When solidified
the butter is placed in a pressing and grinding machine, whereby it is
made pliable and of a pasty nature. Thus treated the butters are neutral,
intact, and can be used for any purposes for which the best butter is now
used.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Quentin Leon Brin in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 27th April 1874.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, QUENTIN
LEON BRIN, of Camberwell, in the County of Surrey, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-seventh day of October, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-three, in the thirty-
seventh year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said Quentin Leon Brin; Her special
licence that I, the said Quentin Leon Brin, my executors, admini-
strators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Quentin Leon
Brin, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time
agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times there-
after during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great.
Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention
for "NEW OR IMPROVED MODES AND MEANS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL
BUTTER, AND FOR RENOVATING RANCID OR BAD BUTTER, PART OF THE APPARATUS
BEING APPLICABLE TO THE PRESSING OF STEARINE AND OTHER LIKE PURPOSES,"
upon
the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Quentin Leon Brin,
my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my,
or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and
ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the
same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great
Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately
after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Quentin Leon Brin, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement, reference being had to the accom-
panying Drawings forming a part of this Specification, that is to say:-
The first part of my Invention consists in the manufacture of artificial
butter from fats or fatty substances in the following manner :—
The first operation refers to the fusion or mixing of the fatty substances.
I place the material to be treated in a large vessel made of wood or lined

page_text: with pure inoxydizable metal. In or about the centre of this vessel two
churning cylinders or squeezers are caused to revolve, which express the
hot material, and leave the fatty matter free.
Figure 1 of the accompanying Drawings is a view of this vessel, in
which the fats or fatty substances are placed to be melted. A is the
vessel made of wood lined with metal or of cast iron, provided with a
cover B closed hermetically; D, D, are the two toothed rollers so arranged
as to churn or squeeze the fatty substances during the process of fusion,
which is carried on at a low temperature. The cover of the vessel A is
provided with a low pressure safety valve, and with a charging aper-
ture E closed hermetically. The rollers or sqeezers are caused to rotate
by straps round a pulley F driven from any prime mover.
The second operation refers to the granulation or separation. The
fatty matters being melted are placed in a receiver, where they are
allowed to cool slowly in such manner as to obtain a granulation or
separation as perfect as may be.
Figure 2 is a view of this receiver which I call the granulation
chamber.
The third operation refers to the extraction or expressing by hydraulic
pressure, which is accomplished by submitting the materials after being
wrapped in cloths or bags and laid horizontally to the action of a
hydraulic press arranged in such manner as to keep the materials with
facility while under pressure in the middle of the press, there being a
current of heated water or other other liquid provided to facilitate the
flowing off of the fatter matters. The hydraulic press may be made vertical
or horizontal. As before stated the fatty matters are wrapped in cloths or
other suitable fabric, and between each layer there are placed flat boxes
or vessels forming chambers for the circulation of hot or cold water or
other liquid conducted thereto by flexible pipes; the temperature of the
liquid can be regulated at will. This press is particularly applicable to
the treatment of stearine, although it is applicable for expressing other
substances. The important feature in this press is the employment of
water, oil, or other liquid, as described.
Figure 3 is a view of this hydraulic press provided with plates heated
internally by a current of hot water. It is shown in the Drawing at the
commencement of its operation.

page_text: The fourth operation refers to the mixing or churning, which takes
place as soon as the "oleine margarine" is heated. It is conveyed into
a reservoir containing about ten or fifteen per cent. of milk, and it is
moved about there in such manner as to entirely absorb the milky part
until a perfect combination of the "oleine margarine" and milk is 5
effected.
Figure 4 is a view of this horizontal beater made of wood and pre-
ferably cylindrical, driven by pulleys receiving motion from any suitable
prime mover. It is in this apparatus that the fatty materials, oleine
margarine, are mixed with the milk or cream.
The fifth operation refers to the coagulation or solidification which
follows immediately the mixing of the material, viz., of the oleine
margarine and milk as aforesaid. In this operation the materials
undergo a very rapid and solid coagulation.
1
Figure 5 shews an apparatus suitable for this purpose, in which the 1
stearine is put in contact with a large quantity of air. The apparatus is
preferably driven by steam power.
Figure 6 is a view of a cooling apparatus provided with a force pump
for forcing and causing the butter to pass through tubes covered with
and surrounded by ice. There is a vessel shown at end to receive the 2
butter issuing from tubes.
The sixth operation refers to the malaxation or kneading, which is the
last treatment to which the products are submitted. The whole mass of
material would unless treated as about to be described have the appear-
ance of grease; in order therefore to give it the appearance of butter. I 2
place the material in a malaxating or kneading machine, where the
whole mass is ground up, kneaded, and submitted to friction by rolling
or otherwise in such manner that the material has imparted to it an
amount of elasticity and consistency it heretofore did not posses, so that
when the fats as above treated are malaxated the material which I 3
call fictitious or artificial butter is ready for consumption.
The operation is as follows:-The fats or fatty materials ought to be
chosen as fresh as possible, and be cut up into thin pieces or strips ;
they are then thrown into the vessel A by the opening E, about a third
of the vessel A having been filled with water. The vessel being about a
three-quarters filled the aperture C for the admission of steam is opened

page_text: in order to raise the temperature of the vessel and to dissolve the materials
therein, and first to reduce it to a state of pasty liquid. The two rollers
D, D, are then put in motion, whereby the last vesicules formed in the
grease are broken up, the grease in which would not flow off unless
treated in this way, even though they be reduced to a liquid state. The
rollers are the means of keeping the materials contained in the vessels in
a continual state of agitation, so that the mixture of water and grease is
more complete, and by the same movement the temperature of the fats
is equalized throughout the mass. Having arrived at this point of fusion
the greases are allowed to rest in order to afford time for the gelatinous
matters to precipitate, when they are drawn off by the tap E¹, first the
waters which draw off [all the alluminous, gelatinous, and pulpous parts,
then comes the grease which runs into the receiver F to be immediately
taken to the basin of the granulation chamber. The greases thus melted
cannot be successfully pressed without being submitted to the process of
granulation, which consists in cooling the greases in such manner as to
separate the oleine margarine contained therein slowly from the stearine.
It is for this purpose that I place the greases in a chamber G heated to
a regular temperature of about 85 degrees Fahenheit; they are then
granulated in this state, they (the greases) are allowed to rest a night,
and are then placed in the stearine cloths. The greases being placed in
the cloths are submitted to hydraulic pressure; for this purpose they are
placed in layers one over the other between the hollow plates H, Figure 3,
in order to have passed through them a current of water heated suffi
ciently to facilitate the extraction. These plates are in communication
with one another by the two pipes I, J, the first bringing water from
the vessel K, and the second for carrying it off, its speed of exit being
regulated by the tap. In the Drawing the press is shewn at the
commencement of the pressure.
In mixing the milky substances with the greases if the oloine mar
garine is cold it is reheated to a temperature of 90 to 100 degrees
Fahrenheit, then it is thrown into the machine L, Figure 4, adding to it:
20% of milky substance, either of pure milk or cream. In either case
they must be very fresh.
For the cooling or solidification the vessel L, Figure 4, is caused to
rotate for about ten minutes, and it is then that the mixture passing by
the tube M descends into the body of the pump N, Figure 6, which may
be driven by hand or power, which being put in motion causes the semi-

page_text: liquid material to pass through the metal tubes 0, 0, 0, 0, running
through the vessel P filled with fresh ice, the fusion of which is hastened
by an admixture of salt or of chloride of sodium. These tubes o, o, o, o,
lead to the funnel Q, whence by the orifice R the butter falls into the
receiver S placed below the orifice. From this vessel the butter is placed
in a malaxating machine of any suitable form or description.
To bleach the stearines they are placed after leaving the cloths of the
press in the beater T, Figure 5; they are melted by steam, admitted
through serpentine or perforated pipes from the tube U, the shaft with
blades V is put in motion, and in about an hour the stearine, which has
been put in of yellow colour, issues in a homogenous state, and very
white by the tap X to be received by the moulds Y.
The second part of my Invention refers to the disinfection and resusi-
tation of rancid and bad butter.
c
According to the first operation the rancid or bad butter is placed in
a horizontal beater or churn, Figure 7, hermetically closed, where it is
put in fusion at a low temperature by means of a small metallic coil A,
with perforations for free steam. To the materials in fusion I add a
third of the volume in pure water, then the churn is rotated, and
immediately the first separation of the albuminous substances com-
mences. The water issues by the pipe D quite white from the churn,
taking with it a portion of the impure matter, and leaving at the bottom
the fatty substances.
After the first washing the butter is immediately submitted to a second
washing or rinsing with water, to which an alcaline salt has been added,
such as the carbonate or bicarbonate of soda. Sometimes I add quick-
lime to the water, and obtain good results. The rinsing terminated it
remains to remove the bad water, and to get rid of all other foreign
matters. For this purpose the butter is submitted to continuous washings
in pure water until there is no bad smell left.
The mixture is effected by passing the butters into a churn, as shewn
at Figure 4, in which has been previously placed ten per cent. or
thereabouts of the best milk with all its cream. The whole mass is then
put in motion until a perfect combination is produced, and forming a
homogeneous liquid. The beater or churn employed in this operation is
in all respects similar to that described with reference to the manufacture

page_text: 1
of artificial butter, and it is for this reason that I give no particular
further description of this apparatus.
The combination of the products having terminated I quickly place
the mixture as previously treated into coolers, where it coagulates and
becomes solidified; but it is preferable that it shall be conveyed by the
machine shewn at Figure 6, that is, that the butters should be forced by
the pump and be subjected to the action of cold; this operation is one
of the most important in this part of my Invention, in that it is by the
quick cooling that I produce the butter without grains, streaks, or
marks, and at same time transparent.
I also wish it to be understood that my Invention must not be limited
to the employment of this special machinery for carrying the Invention
into effect; for example, I have made experiments which prove that the
fatty materials taken hot and thrown into water sufficiently cold, from
say, 32 to 50 degrees Fahrenheit, give good results though not of course so
good as by the machinery which I prefer to use, still I wish it to be
understood that to carry out this part of my Invention it is not absolutely
necessary to use the machinery indicated. When solidified the butter is
placed in a pressing and grinding machine, whereby it is made pliable
and of a pasty nature. Thus treated the butters are neutral, intact,
and can be used for any purposes for which the best butter is now
used.
I do not limit myself to the particular form of beater, churn, or
squeezer described, provided it is so constructed as to possess the facility
of churning without causing the fatty matters to come in contact with
water. Also the horizontal churn described in the manufacture of butter,
and represented at Figure 5, may as well as the hydraulic press be
employed in stearine factories, the beater or churn as a machine for
bleaching fats or stearine, and the press giving greater facility for
regulating the heat. The presses hitherto employed in stearine factories
have been very expensive, and the plates being heated by steam it often
results that there are considerable losses of material in precipitating the
stearine with the oleic acid.
" new
Having now described the nature of my said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, I declare that I claim as my
or improved modes and means for the manufacture of artificial butter,
and for renovating rancid or bad butter,"―

page_text: reference to Figure 3.
い
Sixth. The construction and employment of churns, mixers, and
squeezers substantially as constructed and described with reference to
the accompanying Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said Quentin Leon Brin, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Twenty-fifth day of April, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-four.
2