MAGING TOED FOR REFERRING TOOTHED METALLIC
Year: 1853

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Walter Mabon, of Ardwick Iron Works, in the
City of Manchester and County of Lancaster, Engineer, for the Inven-
MAGING TOED FOR REFERRING TOOTHED METALLIC
Sealed the 2nd June 1854, and dated the 30th December 1853.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Walter Mabon at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 30th
December 1853.
I, WALTER MABON, of Ardwick Iron Works, in the City of Manchester
and County of Lancaster, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINES USED FOR RIVETTING TOGETHER
METALLIC PLATES" to be as follows:-
First, in arranging the mechanism so that short lengths of metal may be
used as cut from the bar, the machinery making both heads of the rivets at
the same time when placed in the holes which perforate the plates. Second,
in combining with the first arrangement, mechanism for putting a pressure
upon the plates to keep them firmly together while the heads of the rivets are
formed. The first part of my Invention may be accomplished by two levers
arranged and connected so as to bring two rams from and towards each other.
The two levers may be actuated from the piston rod of one steam cylinder, or
instead of steam hydraulic power may be employed where convenient, or the
Jevers may be actuated by or from a cam or cams placed upon a shaft revolved

page_text: by suitable geer. The second part of the Invention may be accomplished by
additions to and modifications of the first arrangement, that is, a second steam
cylinder may be employed to actuate an hollow ram or moveable piece, by
which the pressure is put on the plates to hold them firmly together. In this
case, one of the levers working the ram to form one head of the rivets, has its
fulcrum upon the hollow ram or moveable piece through which it's ram passes;
or instead of using a second steam cylinder, a ram may be fitted on one of the
rivetting rams moveable upon it and kept in advance of the rivet die by a
powerful spring, (which may be constructed on the buffer principle,) so that it
will come in contact with the plates and press them together before the rivet
die begins to form the head; or otherwise the ram may be actuated by a separate
cam, a spring being arranged as before mentioned, or the mechanism rendered
flexible so as to put on the required pressure. In machines arranged as
herein referred to, and in machines of ordinary construction, which only form
one head to the rivet and are actuated by gearing, it will be advantageous to
arrange a flexibility in the mechanism actuating the ram (a powerful spring or
springs), which will give way after a certain pressure is put on, and thus
accommodate the motion of the ram to a variable length of rivet.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Walter Mabon in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 29th
June 1854.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WALTER
MABON, of Ardwick Iron Works, in the City of Manchester, and County of
Lancaster, Engineer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Thirtieth day of December, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-three, in the seventeenth
year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said Walter Mabon, Her especial licence that I, the said Walter Mabon, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Walter
Mabon, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the
term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINES USED
FOR RIVETTING TOGETHER METALLIC PLATES," upon the condition (amongst others)

page_text: that I, the said Walter Mabon, by an instrument in writing under my hand
and seal, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the
same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months
next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Walter Mabon, do hereby declare the
nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement, and accompanying Drawings (that is to say):—
In this Specification of my improvements in rivetting machines, I shall
more readily convey and be more easily understood, if I describe, first, my
improvements upon machines for rivetting, acting in the ordinary manner,
when one head of the rivet is formed or partly formed before being put in the
plates, and if I afterwards explain my other improvements in addition to the
ordinary machines; in doing so, I shall frequently refer to the two Sheets of
Drawings annexed hereto, wherein the same letters and figures of reference
will be used and repeated in the same or similar and corresponding parts of
each Figure of the Drawings. Sheet 1, Fig. 1 is a part sectional elevation
below the ground line, and an elevation above it of one modification of my
Invention taken on the line A, B, Fig. 2, which is partly a plan view with the
cover supposed to be removed; and Fig. 3 is partly a sectional elevation taken
on the line c, d, Fig. 2, all representing the same modification when worked
directly from steam or other motive power cylinders; and Fig. 4, (Sheet 2,) is a
Figure corresponding to Fig. 1; and Fig. 5, a Figure corresponding to Fig. 2,
of a machine having the same action as that represented by Figs. 1, 2, and 3,
when worked by geering; while Figs. 6, 7, 8, and 9, show other modifications
of the mode of carrying my improvements into effect, which will be herein-
after further referred to.
As relates to my improvements in rivetting machines acting in the ordinary
manner, they refer in the first place to those worked by geering, and they
consist in an improved arrangement. Let a, Fig. 3, be supposed to repre-
sent the ordinary pillar to resist the pressure of the ram, and having a rivet
die fixed in it in the usual manner, and then let the pillar a be supposed
alone, and having a strong shaft & up its centre, free to revolve in bearings
formed at the upper and lower end of the pillar, and having an eccentric
of sufficient throw at its upper end taking into a slot in the slide fitted at
the top of the pillar similar to e, Figs. 2 and 3; this slide will form the
ram into which is secured the rivet die. Motion will be given to the ram
when thus arranged by a bevil wheel on the lower end of the shaft b², worked

page_text: by a bevil pinion fixed on a shaft on which the driving pulleys may be placed.
A machine arranged in this manner will require an adjustment of the die
according to the variable length of the rivet, the same as ordinary machines
generally employed, but if an action is required similar to that of a direct
acting steam machine, it may be accomplished by a modification of the pillar
and top slides similar to that shewn by Fig. 6, which is a plan view. a* is
the top of the pillar; &, a long slide; b, being the shaft and eccentric giving
it motion; and g', a ram, free endways in a bearing (covered by caps); g* is a
flange on the ram taking in a space cut out of the slide c, against which an
india-rubber buffer, or other powerful spring acts, abutting against the
slide c. This buffer spring is supposed to be screwed up and to be acting
against the flange y* of the ram g', with the force required to be put on the
rivet. With this arrangement it will be seen that when a greater resistance is
opposed by the rivet than the force of the spring, it will give way, and thus
accommodate itself to a variable length of rivet; or this may be accomplished
by an arrangement for working the shaft b, similar to that shewn by Figs. 4
and 5, when a compound rod or shaft i,, moved by a cam n, on a shaft p
revolved by suitable geer, gives motion to the shaft , through an arm (b) in
connection with it, which will be more clearly understood when that modifica-
tion is described.
.
So far I have been explaining my improvements upon machines of ordi-
nary action, and the manner in which I render machines driven by geering
analagous in their action to those actuated direct from steam cylinders; but
the improvement which I shall next describe the mode of carrying into effect
has for its object the holding of the plates to be rivetted together firmly
against each other while the rivetting ram is forming the rivet. The manner
in which I accomplish this in machines of common action (acting similar to
that first herein described), is by an arrangement similar to that shewn in
Fig. 7, which is a plan partly in section, or Fig. 8, which is a corresponding
Figure. is the top of the pillar or bearing for the slides ;, the
excentric shaft actuating the ram slide c', which is secured in a socket
formed in it, the ram passing through a separate slide c*, for effecting the
pressure on the plates; a buffer, or other powerful spring is put upon the
rivetting ram between the slides &, c*, the ram being free endways both
through the buffer spring, and the slide c. This buffer spring is supposed to
be screwed up to the pressure required on the plates, its force acting to force
the slide off the ram g', but is prevented by a collar g', on the rivetting
ram . Now as the piece f, which presses upon the plates is a little in
advance of the rivet die g, it follows, that when the ram is forced forwards

page_text: that all will advance together, and that the piece will come first into nction
and press against the plates, when its motion will be stopped, and the buffer
spring will give way, and enable the ram to advance and force up the rivet.
Fig. 8, only shews the arrangement last described, as applied to common rams
and to those were pistons direct acting with steam or other motive force are
used. In using this modification, additional force over that for working the
rivetting ram will have to be used, as its action is resisted by the elastic force
of the buffer or other springs. When the pressure upon the plates is effected
from an independent source and action, I accomplish it by geering in a similar
manner to that shown by Figs. 4 and 3, and to be hereafter described; con-
sidering the machine single acting (that is, forming only one head of the
rivet), or by steam cylinders in like manner to that shewn by Figs. 1 and 2,
considering also the modification single acting, or in machines direct acting
by steam, I arrange the piston rod of the rivet ram g', to pass freely through
the hollow piston rod of the ram ex, for forcing together the plates, the hollow
piston rod passing through glands at both ends of the cylinder (see Fig. 9,
which is a sectional view.) It will be a convenience to make the mouth
pieces f, for effecting the pressure upon the plates loose, so that they can be
readily changed to suit the different classes of work; and, as in some cases, the
pressure cannot be put upon the plates all round the rivet, different portions of
the piece will have to be cut away, and they will have to be made of different
shapes, therefore they should be fitted so as to turn in the socket.
2°
The
now come to my improved machine, which combines all the advantages
already described, and in addition to them, that of rivetting together plates
by using for the rivets short lengths of metal as cut from the bar, forming
both heads of the rivet at once when placed in the holes perforating the
plates to be rivetted together. To accomplish these purposes two rivetting
rams are employed, each having a simultaneous and equal action.
modification in which this is carried into effect by steam or other motive
power cylinders and pistons is shown and will be described by Figs. 1, 2,
and 3 of the Drawings. is the base plate; a', the sides; a², the base of the
pillars a, a, and a, which is secured by bolts a" to the base plate. In the
centre of each pillar, shafts b', 6, 6, pass, which are free to revolve in bushes
at the top of the pillars, and in bosses cast on the under side of the base a,
at the bottom. At that end of the shaft at the top of the pillars excentrics
are formed solid to the shaft, which fit into slots formed in slide plates c',
c. These slide plates are kept down by covers (e) (supposed removed in
Fig. 2), which are screwed by bolts to the top of the pillars. The slide or
ram plate C³, has a socket in which the rivet die is fastened, which passes

page_text: through the mouth piece f, screwed by bolts to the front of the pillar a. The
slide or ram plate c is similarly constructed to e³, but it slides within a space
cut out of the slide plate c', to which the mouth piece f is attached, for
pressing the plates together, the rivet die g also acting through the mouth
piece f, secured to the slide c. Two arms 3, 6, are placed on the rivet ram
shafts,, which are connected by rods or links h', h, with the ends of
the piston rod i', of a steam or other motive power cylinder j'. It will now
be seen that when the piston rod i' is moved outwards, that the arms bº, 6º,
will be pushed, and the shafts &, b, turned, producing a simultaneous
advance of the two rivet dies towards each other, and as the links h', h³, are
separated further apart and approach nearer to a straight line with each
other, the pressure on the rivet will be increased. The shaft is connected
in like manner to the shafts &, &, with the piston rod i, of a second steam
cylinder j, and will act in like manner to force the mouth picce fagainst
the plates, and hold them firm against the opposite mouth piece while the
heads are formed on the rivet. The shafts,, may be actuated by a
double toothed rack fixed to the piston rod i', taking into toothed quadrants
or wheels fixed on the shafts, and the shaft b' may also be actuated by a
rack and wheel or quadrant; or instead of the links h, h, h, the piston
rods i, ', may be prolonged in guides and slots formed in them at a right
angle to their lengths, into which pins may take fixed on the arms b*, b, bo,
from the shafts b', b, b. The steam cylinders and pistons j, j', i, i, employed
are of ordinary construction (giving the required length of stroke, and being of
sufficient diameter for the pressure intended), as well as the valves to give
immission and emmission of steam or other motive power to and from them.
The valve spindles k, k, may be acted upon by two arms from a shaft 7, which
is moved by the handle . The arms take into slots in the spindles, and as the
piston for effecting the pressure on the plates must first be brought into action,
the arm is fitted in the slot of the spindle of the valve without play, while
the other arm to the valve spindle of the other valve has play, so that on the
handle being moved to admit the steam in the cylinder, it will give motion
at first to the valve spindle of the cylinder, eflecting the pressure on the
plates, and on being moved still further to the spindle of the valve admitting
steam to the cylinder effecting the compression of the rivet; and on moving
the handle in the contrary direction, the steam will be released first from the
cylinder in which it first entered, and admitted on the other side to bring
back the pistons. Figs. 4 and 5 shew the manner in which the objects accom-
plished by the last-described modification, shewn by Figs. 1, 2, and 3, may be
accomplished when the power is obtained through geering, and as the motion

page_text: actuating the links is a reciprocating one, in imitation of that of a steam
piston and rod, and as all other parts are arranged the same as in Figs. 1, 2,
and 3, I need not refer to them, but simply explain the mode of producing
the reciprocating and elastic action. m are guides cast with the base plate in
which the bars or shafts i, i', corresponding with the piston rods in Figs. 1, 2,
and 3, reciprocate; they are kept steady by a cap m', screwed on it; m² are
also guides in which slide projections from the piston-formed end of the
rods i, ; the rods i, i, are made hollow, and the piston rods of another
piston and rod formed piece fit and are free to slide in them; and
between the two piston like plates, i, buffers of india-rubber or other
powerful spring is placed, and the plates are bolted together and screwed up
till the elastic force of the spring will be equal to the pressure required at that
point to give that pressure required on the plates or on the rivets. At the
piston part of the piston-like formed pieces i, jaws are formed to receive
friction bowls ", which are acted upon to effect the pressure on the rivets or
plates by cams, placed on a shaft p, secured in bearings a", cast to the base
plate a, while the back reciprocations are produced by the cam pieces »',
screwed to the sides of the cams n, which take on the back of the heads of the
pins, which carry the friction bowls. The shaft P is revolved by two
wheels p, which are driven by two pinions P, on a shaft P³, in bearings cast
with the side plate a', upon which shaft the driving pulleys P, are placed.
The cam actuating the rivetting rams is formed of such size as will produce
the greatest amount of reciprocating action required, and the cam for holding
the plates together is made to have an action rather more than will bring the
mouth piece against the plates, and its face is then concentric till the
compressing of the rivet is accomplished.
I have now particularly described the nature of my Invention, and the mode
in which it may be carried into effect, and wish it to be understood that I do
not confine myself to the precise details or arrangements of the several
improvements herein-before specified; but that I claim, so long as their peculiar
features are substantially retained,-
First, the arrangement herein first described for machines of ordinary action
wherein the rivetting ram is actuated directly from an excentric or cam, as
herein described.
Secondly, I claim the method herein-before explained, where, by the use of
buffer or other powerful springs, the ram or die for rivetting is made to give
way after a certain fixed pressure has been put upon the rivet.
Thirdly, claim the method herein-before explained, where, by the use of a
buffer or other powerful spring on the rivetting "ram," as (explained of Figs. 7

page_text: and 8), a pressure may be put upon the plates to be rivetted together. I also.
claim the use of a spring or flexible arrangement when the pressure is put on
the plates by an independent action, as explained by Figs. 4 and 5.
Fourthly, I claim the arrangement shewn by Fig. 9, and herein-before
explained, where the pressure is effected on the rivet and on the plates by
direct acting pistons and rods, actuated by steam or other motive power.
Fifthly, and lastly, I claim the arrangements shewn in Figs. 1, 2, and 3,
when actuated from steam or other motive power, and in Figs. 4 and 5, when
actuated by geering combining double action (putting both heads on the rivets
or short lengths of metal used for rivets), and the effecting of a pressure on
the plates, as herein-before explained.
In witness whereof, I, the said Walter Mabon, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Twenty-eighth day of June, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-four.
WALTED MARON
WALTER MABON