CERTAIN IMPROVED MEANS FOR PREVENTING THE FRAUDULENT ABSTRACTION OF PROPERTY
Year: 1853

page_text: Sealed the 28th December 1853, and dated the 7th November 1853.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Alfred Vincent
Newton at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his
Petition, on the 7th November 1853.
I, ALFRED VINCENT NEWTON, do hereby declare the nature of the
5. said Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVED MEANS FOR PREVENTING THE
FRAUDULENT ABSTRACTION OF PROPERTY" to be as follows:-
This Invention consists, firstly, in improved apparatus for fastening
doors of safes, vaults, &c.; and, secondly, in an improvement in
the manufacture of safes, vaults, &c. For securing the doors of safes
. and other receptacles of property a novel construction of permutation

page_text: lock is employed, in which a composite key is used for throwing the bolt.
The peculiarity of this key is, that the bitt, or that part which acts
upon the tumblers, is separable from and attachable to the body which
acts upon the other part of the lock for throwing or operating the bolt
or bolts, so that after the key has been inserted in the key-hole the
bitt may be separated and removed from the body, which remains
in the key-hole, that both may perform their appropriate functions
independently in different parts of the lock, and be re-united
afterwards.
The bolt is connected with the body of the key by means of a dove-
tail, which admits of the separation and re-union laterally, but not in
the direction of its axis, and through its centre passes a sliding pin,
fitted to the body of the key, for securing the bitt laterally.
That part of the key-hole which receives the bitt is made separate
from the part of the lock in which the key-hole for the body of the key
is formed, so that when the two parts of the key are separated the bitt
may be carried to the tumblers (which are placed at a distance from
the key-hole) for the purpose of adjusting them, and to permit of the
bolt being thrown. When this has been effected the bitt may be
carried back to be re-connected with the body of the key.
Attached to a follower in the key-hole is a pin which, as the key is
inserted, forces the central securing pin into the body of the key for
the purpose of separating the bitt from the body of the key.
Adjustable stops, termed a fence, are provided to take up any
position which the tumblers are made to assume by the key, however
nice or slight the variation, and when so disposed they are retained in
that position by means of clamps or an equivalent device, so that the
tumblers, after leaving the fence, cannot pass on to it again unless they
are placed in the same relative positions which they occupied before
they were separated.
This lock is furnished with a protector tumbler, which, when any force
is applied to the bolts or any part of the carrier (by which the traverse
of the bitt is effected) to force it back, will be brought in contact with
a fixed part of the fence, and thus protect the key tumblers against all
undue strain.

page_text: These tumblers rest upon a lever, which is operated to lift the.
tumblers when the key is either brought under or taken from under
them, to avoid all friction and wear either of that part of the tumblers
or key which act upon each other to determine the position of the
tumblers.
The bolts of the lock are made cylindrical, and connected with the
carriage of the lock by collars or the equivalents thereof, so that they
are free to turn in case any attempt should be made to cut them with
a saw, and thus effectually prevent the saw from getting hold of the
metal.
The doors of the vault or safe are proposed to be secured by means
of sliding bolts operated by levers connected with a handle which
passes to the outside, the whole being combined with the sliding bolts of
the lock, which, when thrown out and locked, pass between the two
levers that operate the bolts on the door. By means of this combina-
tion the lock can be so located on the inside of the door as to be
beyond the reach of any instrument to act upon it (to force the lock
bolts back to the injury of the lock), and any power applied to the
sliding bolts or the handle thereof, as such power can only be trans-
mitted to the bolts of the lock at right angles to their line of motion,
and therefore without the possibility of injuring the mechanism of
the lock.
The second part of the Invention relates to the construction of
burglar-proof vaults and safes and the doors thereof, and consists
in making the safes or vaults or doors of iron cast on to rods of wrought
iron, on to wrought iron wire-work, or wrought iron plates pierced with
holes, the outer surface of the cast iron being chilled to enable the
surface to resist. the action of drills or other cutting tools. The object of
using the wrought iron is to present a resisting medium capable of with-
standing the blows of a heavy hammer, or, if broken in pieces, to
ensure the holding together of the pieces, and thereby to prevent access
to the inside of such vaults, doors, &c.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Alfred Vincent Newton in the Great Seal
Patent Office on the 6th May 1854.
:
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME- I,
ALFRED. VINCENT NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery
Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Mechanical Draughtsman, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Seventh day of November, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-three, in the
seventeenth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said Alfred Vincent Newton, Her special
licence that I, the said Alfred Vincent Newton, my executors, admi-
nistrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Alfred Vincent
Newton, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time
agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might makė,
use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
"CERTAIN IMPROVED MEANS FOR PREVENTING THE FRAUDULENT ABSTRACTION
OF PROPERTY," being a communication from abroad, upon the condition
(amongst others) that I, the said Alfred Vincent Newton, by an instru-
ment in writing under my hand and seal, should particularly describe
and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner
the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the
Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and imce-
diately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
"
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Alfred Vincent Newton, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement, reference being had to the Drawings
hereunto annexed, and to the letters and figures marked thereon (that
is to say):
This Invention, as communicated to me by my foreign correspondent,

page_text: relates, firstly, to improved apparatus for fastening doors of safes,
vaults, &c.; and, secondly, to an improvement in the manufacture of
safes, vaults, and other like receptacles for property.
In the accompanying Drawings Fig. 1 is an inside face view of an
improved construction of commutation or permutation lock; Figures 2,
3, and 4, are sections taken respectively at the lines A a, Bb, and Cc, of
Fig. 1; Fig. 5, is a separate view of the lever for lifting the tumblers.;
Fig. 6, represents the fence; Fig. 7, one of the key tumblers; Fig. 8,
the protector tumbler; Fig. 9, the check tumbler; and Fig. 10, a longi-
tudinal section of the key; Fig. 11, is an inside view of a safe door,
shewing the mode of securing the same when locked; Fig. 12, is an
clevation of one plate of a safe or door constructed on the improved
plan, the cast iron being removed from a part thereof to exhibit the net-
work inside; Fig. 13, represents a piece of the cast iron broken and
removed from the net-work; and Figures 14, 15, and 16, represent
various modes of preparing the net-work.
The first part of this Invention consists in making the key with the
pod or bitt (that is, the part which acts upon the tumblers,) separable
from and attachable to the body which acts upon the other parts of the
lock for throwing or operating the bolt or bolts, so that after the key
has been inserted in the key-hole the pod or bitt may be separated and
removed from the body which remains in the key-hole, that both may
perform their appropriate functions independently in differents parts of
the lock, and be re-united afterwards.
And this part of the Invention also consists in connecting the pod or
bitt with the body of the key by means of a dovetail which admits of
the separation and re-union laterally, but not in the direction of its axis,
when this is combined with a sliding pin fitted to a central hole in the
body of the key, and which, when projected through a central hole in
the pod or bitt, secures it laterally.
And this part of the Invention also consists in making that part
of the key-hole which receives the pod or bitt in a carrier separate from
that part of the lock in which the key-hole for the body of the key is
made, so that when the two parts of the key are separated the carrier
shall carry or shift the pod or bitt to the tumblers which are placed at

page_text: .
a distance from the key-hole, there to adjust them, and then carry it
back to be re-connected with the body of the key.
And this part of the Invention also consists in combining with the
carrier and key a pin attached to a follower in the key-hole, which, as
the key is inserted, forces the securing pin into the body of the key
that the pod or bitt may be separated and carried to the tumblers, and
then brought back and re-united.
And this part of the Invention also consists in arranging the fence
so that it shall be set to any position which the tumblers are made to
assume by the key, however nice or slight the variation, when this is
combined with a clamp or equivalent device for clamping and holding
the said fence before and after the tumblers leave it, so that the
tumblers cannot pass on to it again unless they are placed in the same
relative positions which they occupied before they were separated.
This Invention also consists in the employment of a protector
tumbler, which, when any force is applied to the bolts or any part of
the carrier to force it back, will be brought in contact with a fixed part
of the fence, and thus protect the key tumblers against all undue
strain.
And this part of the Invention also consists in the employment of a
lever on which all the tumblers rest, which lever is operated to lift the
tumblers when the key is either brought under or taken from under
them, to avoid all friction and wear either of that part of the tumblers
or key which act upon cach other to determine the position of the
⚫tumblers.
And this part of the Invention also consists in making the bolts
cylindrical, and connecting them with the carriage of the lock by collars
or the equivalents thereof, so that they shall be free to turn if any
attempt should be made to cut them with a saw, and thus effectually
prevent the saw from getting hold of the metal.
The second part of the Invention, which relates to the construction
of burglar-proof vaults and safes and the doors thereof, consists in
making the safes or vaults or doors of iron cast on to wrought iron
wire-work, or on to wrought iron plates pierced with holes, the outer
surface of the cast iron being chilled so as to harden the surface suffi-

page_text: ciently to resist the action of cutting or drilling tools. The use of the
wrought iron is to enable the cast iron to resist breaking with the
hammer, and, if broken; to hold the broken pieces together, and thus
prevent access to the inside of such vaults, doors, &c...
And this part of the Invention also consists in securing the doors
when closed by means of sliding bolts operated by levers connected
with a handle which passes to the outside, when this is combined' with
the sliding bolts of the lock, which, when thrown out and locked, pass
between the two levers that operate the bolts on the door, by means of
which combination the lock can be so located on the inside of the door
as to be beyond the reach of any instrument to act upon the bolts (to
force them back to the injury of the lock), and of any power applied to
the sliding bolts or the handle thereof, as such power can only be trans-
mitted to the bolts of the lock at right angles to their line of motion,
and therefore without the possibility of injuring the mechanism of the
lock.
In Sheet I. of the accompanying Drawings a represents the back
case of the lock, which can be of any suitable form; and b, a plate
called a carriage, fitted to slide freely but accurately between studs
c, c, c, c, on the plate of the case. On each side this carriage is pro-
vided with projecting collars d, d, which fit respectively in recesses e, e,
turned in the two bolts f, f, which are cylindrical and slide in suitable
holes in the front plate g of the case, and in brackets h, h, of the case.
In this way the bolts are moved in and out by the carriage, and yet
they are free to turn, so that if any attempt should be made to cut
them with a saw they will turn to prevent the bite or cut of the saw.
The tumblers i are adapted to slide between suitable ways j, j,
attached to and moving with the carriage, the motion of the tumblers
in their ways being at right angles to the line of notion of the carriage.
They are pressed upon each by a separate spring bearing on their upper
edge, and tending to force them down towards the surface of a longi-
tudinal flanch 1, projecting from and at right angles to the face of the
carriage, and this flanch has an aperture m made in it through which
they pass, that their spurs n may reach the bitt of the key in manner
to be presently explained...

page_text: The tumblers are each recessed (as at o, Fig. 7,) from their inner edge,
and the upper and lower edges of this recess are parallel with each
other and in the line of motion of the carriage. These recesses are
fitted with accuracy to slide on a series of stops p, constituting the
fence, one for each tumbler, the length of the stops just corresponding
with the width of the recesses. These stops are narrow plates of metal
'fitted to slide accurately between two standards q, q, projecting from the
plate of the lock case, and to one of these standards is hung a lever 7,
the short arm of which bears on the top of the series of stops, the
other and long arm being in the form of a spring with the extremity s
curved outwards or from the plate. This spring lever is acted
upon by the periphery of a roller t on the carriage for the purpose
of liberating the stops from the pressure of the spring when they
are required to be set by the tumblers, and then causing the stops
to be gripped firmly to hold them in place before the tumblers
leave them. This roller t, as the carriage is moving forward with
the tumblers, rolls under the curved end of the spring lever, and
thus causes the other or short end to bear against the stops, as explained,
before the tumblers move away. Between the flanch l, and another
corresponding flanch u, parallel therewith and constituting ways, there
is a carrier v, termed the key carrier, which slides freely but accurately
between these two flanches or ways; and to the outer surface of this
carrier is secured a plate w, by means of screws near the lower edge,
the plate being wider, however, than the carrier. This plate wis
provided with rack teeth cut along the two inner edges. These rack
teeth are alternately engaged by the cogs of a segment wheel y, so
proportioned that the turning of the segment wheel nearly one entire
revolution in one direction for locking, and in the opposite direction for
unlocking, will move the key carrier forward and back once. On the
inner face, and towards the forward end of the plate w, there is a fric-
tion roller or rest, which, as the carrier is moved forward by the
segment wheel, acts on the under and inclined face of a lever a¹ to lift
it up, and then let it down again, the under edge of the said lever being
formed of two oppositely inclined planes connected by a straight plane
for that purpose. This lever has an arm b (see the detached view

page_text: Fig. 5,) at right angles to its length, which extends under the lower
edge of all the tumblers; and when the bolts are thrown out all the
tumblers rest on this arm, so that when the carrier is moved either
forward or back the tumblers are all lifted by this lever that the key
may take position under them, as will be presently described.
The plate w is slightly bevelled at the forward end of its upper edge
for the purpose of acting on a pin c¹, projecting from the face of the
check tumbler d', which is on the outside of the series of key tumblers,
but which is not acted upon by the key like the others, its only purpose
being to hold the carriage in position whilst the carrier is advancing,
and until the key shall have acted on the tumblers, and then it is lifted
to permit the carriage to advance with the bolts.
The arbore (Fig. 4) of the segment wheel y, which is fitted to turn
in a plate f secured. to the lock case, is hollow to receive the cylin-
drical part g on the handle ' of the key, and it is notched or re-
cessed, as at , to receive a projecting stem of the cylindrical part
g, by means of which motion is given to the segment wheel and rack
plate w. The lower face of the segment wheel is recessed to re-
ceive a corresponding circular projection or shoulder k¹ on a plato l',
which lies between the rack plate w and the key carrier, and by this
means the plate l' is held in place, whilst at the same time it forms a
rest or step for the barrel or hollow arbor of the segment wheel. The
inner face of this plate lies on the outer face of the key carrier, the
inner face of the rack plate being recessed to receive it, and admit of
the movement of the carrier and rack plate.
The key is formed in two parts, the handle h', with the cylindrical
part g', and the part m', called the pod or bitt, which contains the
permutation.
The extreme face of the cylindrical part g¹ is formed with a wedge-
like dovetailed projection n' to receive and fit in a corresponding
mortise on the face of the pod m³, by which the two are united in such
manner as to admit of their ready separation. The body of the
handle is made hollow to receive a cylindrical pin o¹, against the
head of which a helical spring p (also contained in the handle 7')

page_text: bears, for the purpose of protruding the pin, and yet admitting of its
being pushed inwards.
After the pod has been slipped on to the dovetailed wedge the pin is
forced by the spring through a central hole in the pod, which locks the
pod and handle together, and the pod can only be separated by forcing
the pin back into the handle.
The pod is composed of a series of circular discs q¹ slipped on to the
tubular steem (through which the pin o' passes), and they are secured
thereon by an end nut s¹, so that by unscrewing this nut the discs can
be taken off and shifted to make any desired combination, all the discs
being of different diameters, and corresponding in number and position
with the series of tumblers.
The key carrier is formed with a cylindrical hole extending entirely
-through it, and corresponding with the bore of the arbor of the seg
.ment wheel when the carrier and rack plate are at the extremity of
their back movement. This hole receives the pod of the key when in-
serted. The lower part of this hole, that is, towards the lock plate, if of an
enlarged diameter for a short distance to receive freely but accurately
a disc t', which carries a cylindrical pin w', which extends up centrally
in the hole, so that when the key is inserted the end of the pin of of
the key comes in contact with the end of the pin u', and is pushed up
into the handle of the key, or so far as to liberate the pod, and permit
it to be liberated from its dovetailed connection with the cylindrical
part of the key.
As the dovetailed projection on the cylindrical part of the key fits
in the dovetailed mortise of the pod, the carrier cannot be moved with
the pod laterally away from the body of the key so long as any portion
of the body of the key is within the hole in the carrier. For this
reason, the pin a projects below its disc, and rests on the surface
of the lock plate so as to have the bottom of the dovetailed recess
of the pod on a level with the outer face of the carrier; and the
inner face of the plate is cut out for a short distance to permit the
dovetailed part of the pod to project into it. In this way, when the
key is inserted the securing pin o¹ is pushed up into the body of the

page_text: key, and the pod is free to slide off laterally. The carrier then begins
its forward movement, which separates the dovetail sufficiently to
permit the pod to be drawn from the body of the key in the direction of
its axis.
By the continued movement of the carrier the key pod is carried
forward and forced into the hole made to receive it (so as to be flush
with the outer face of the carrier) by coming in contact with the
inclined plane v of the inner face of the plate ', the face of the lock
plate having a corresponding inclined plane w¹ for the lower end of
the pin u to ride down, and then the face of the lock plate and the
inner face of the plate l', which are straight and parallel, permit the
key pod to be carried forward until it gets under the spurs of the
tumblers, which are lifted up on its approach by the action of the
roller, on the rack plate striking the inclined surface of the lever a
on which the tumblers rest. And as the key pod reaches its place
under the tumblers the roller z permits the lever a', and tumblers i, to
descend, so that the spurs n of the tumblers may come each upon the
periphery of its corresponding disc of the key pod, the carrier being
cut out for the passage of the spurs of the tumblers.
The moment the tumblers descend on to the key each one assumes
its due or required position, depending upon the arrangement of the
discs on the pod. At this time the stop plates called the fence are free
to move, the spring lever not making pressure upon them at this time,
so that as the tumblers are set by the key pod the stop plates are set
by the tumblers to a corresponding position.
The inclined plane on the upper edge of the rack plate then acts on
the pin c¹, which lifts the check tumbler, which is formed with a spur
that enters the space between the two standards between which the
fence works, so that this tumbler must be lifted up before the carriage
can be carried forward with the bolts to effect the locking.
By this time the forward end of the carrier has come in contact with
the forward part of the carriage, so that the continued rotation of the
segment wheel continues to push forward the rack-plate carrier and
the carriage with the tumblers, at, the same time carrying out the bolts
to lock. This carries the tumblers clear of the fence or series of stop

page_text: plates, but before the tumblers leave the fence the stop plates com-
posing the fence are griped and firmly held in the position in which
they are set by the action of the roller t on the spring lever, as already
described.
The bolts having been forced out, the next operation is to carry back
the key pod to the body of the key, which is effected in the following
manner the segment wheel begins to act on the opposite rack técth,
whereby the rack plate and key carrier are moved back; and in the
beginning of this return motion the roller on the rack plate lifts up
the lever a', which raises the tumblers to lift their spurs from the key
pod, and out of the recess of the carrier which they entered to reach
the key. At this same time this lever a lifts the tumbler al, which
lies between the series of key tumblers and the check tumbler. This
detector tumbler is represented in the detached view Fig. 8; it resem-
bles the others in form, except that it has no spur to be acted upon
by the key, and it is a little wider. As the tumblers are lifted up by
the lever this detector tumbler is carried up and strikes a fixed stop y'
on the outside of the fence, and thus prevents the carriage with the
series of tumblers from being carried back with the key carrier. As
the key carrier approaches the end of its back motion the key pod is
moved outwards by the inclined plane w on the lock plate, so as to
bring the dovetail recess in the pod in a line to slide on to the corre-
spondling dovetail projection on the body of the key as the carrier com-
pletes its back motions, and then the pod and body of the key being in
a line, and secured by the dovetailed connection, as the key is withdrawn
the spring sliding pin o¹ is projected into the central hole in the pod,
and secures the two together.
It will be well to add here that the spring pin o' is kept within the
body of the key as the pod is carried forward to the tumblers, and until
it returns to its position by the outer surface of the carrier, which
during this entire operation slides under and in contact with the end.
face of the body of the key.
The bolts being locked and the key withdrawn, it will be seen that
they cannot be unlocked, except with the same key and under the same
combination, for if another key, or the same key with a different permu-

page_text: tation or combination, be introduced and carried to the tumblers, they
(the tumblers) will not thereby be made to assume the relative posi-
tions which they had when the bolts were locked, and as the fence was
fixed in its present position by the combination employed in locking,
the tumblers will not coincide with the fence, and hence the tumblers
will strike against and be held back by the fence.
If force be applied in any manner to the bolts to force them back.
the tumblers or the fence must be broken before the lock can be
opened.
No instrument introduced in the key-hole can reach the tumblers
to act upon them, because of the distance and the mass of solid
metal between them and the key-hole; and any instrument which
might be put in the key-hole of the carrier, and carried within reach of
the tumblers, would be cut off from all control and have no effect. If
powder be introduced in the key-hole no more can be introduced
than will fill it, and the explosion of that amount could do no harm.
In addition to the entire safety of this lock against the attempts of
burglars, it possesses a decided advantage in the facility with which the
permutation can be changed, by simply shifting the discs on the pod of.
the key, and without the necessity of shifting the tumblers and fence to
suit the change in the key, which is attended with considerable trouble.
On this plan, as the tumblers set the fence before the bolts are thrown,
whatever be the combination used in the key, the tumblers will assume
that combination and set the fence to it; and hence, after the bolts
have been locked with this combination, and the pod of the key with-
drawn, no other combination will, unlock, because no other combination
will put the tumblers in the required position to fit and pass on to the
fence.
In unlocking the key is inserted as before, and turned in the reverse
direction, by which the pod or bitt of the key is, in the same manner,
separated and carried to the tumblers, by which they are set to fit the
fence, and in that condition the continued rotation of the key brings
the first tooth of the segment wheel in contact with a cog on the car-
riage, which forces back the carriage with the tumblers and bolts, the
tumblers passing on to and embracing the fence.

page_text: As the tooth of the segment wheel and the cog on the carriage
might wear, and after a time fail to carry the carriage back the full
distance, the detector tumbler is notched, as at a², and towards the end
of the back movement of the carriage this tumbler is lifted up, the
notch a embracing the lower end of the fixed stop y', connected with
the fence, and as the back edge of this stop is bevilled, the tumbler
passing on to it, and acting on the rear bevilled edge, forces the whole
carriage to the full extent of its back movement.
In carrying out the improved manufacture of safes, vaults, and the
doors thereof, or doors to be used with other kinds of safes, a sand
mould is provided for the inside of the safe or vault, and outside, and
at a short distance from the surface thereof a net-work of wrought iron
rods is placed, and properly supported at the required distance from the
surface of the sand mould. The outside of the mould consists of an
iron chill, which is properly secured at a sufficient distance from the
wrought iron net-work. The molten iron is then poured into the
mould, and running around the net-work of wrought iron it completely
envelopes the wrought iron and forms a solid mass therewith. And
further, the outside of the mould being made of iron will chill the
cast iron, and thereby render it so hard as to resist effectually the
action of chisels, drills, or other cutting instruments for a consider-
able length of time.
The wrought iron net-work can be made by laying one series of rods
at right angles to another series, as represented at a³, Fig. 12; or by
interlacing them, as represented at Fig. 14; or by bending and laying
them, as represented at Fig. 15; or by braiding them, as in Fig. 16.
And as an equivalent for the net-work of rods perforated plates
of wrought iron may be substituted, although the net-work of rods is
preferable.
The object is to cause the cast iron to surround and pass through the
wrought iron work with the view to give to the structure the toughness of
wrought iron to resist blows, and the hardness of chilled cast iron to resist
cutting instruments, and at the same time so bind the cast iron with the
wrought iron that if the cast iron should be fractured the fractures will take
place in the lines of the net-work (as represented at. Fig..13), where

page_text: the cast iron has the least strength, that the fractured parts may still be
held together by the net-work.
The nuts for receiving the screw bolts that secure the lock, &c. to
the door can be laid into the mould to be secured by casting the iron-
around them.
The lock represented at A, in Fig. 11, is secured to the inside
surface of the door B, at about the middle thereof; and the door is
secured when closed by means of two sliding bolts C, C, operated by
two elbow levers D, D, turning on fulcrum pins 2, b, and connected
by joint links c, c, with a lever on the inner end of an arbor e
which passes through the door to receive a handle for throwing out and
drawing in the bolts. The inner arms of the elbow levers are so
situated that after the sliding bolts C, C, have been shot out to fasten
the door they are locked in that position by the two bolts of the lock,
which pass just between these two levers to prevent them from
turning; and being thus held, any force applied to force back the
sliding bolts C, C, can only gripe the bolts of the lock at right angles
to their line of motion. In this way the lock bolts are placed entirely
beyond reach, and no force can be applied to them in any manner
to do injury to the mechanism of the lock.
Having now described the Invention as communicated to me by my
foreign correspondent, and explained the manner of carrying the same
into effect, I wish it to be understood that I claim as the im-
proved means for preventing the fraudulent abstraction of property,
secured to me by the above in part recited Letters Patent, first,
making the pod or bitt of the key which sets the tumblers separable
from and attachable to the body which acts upon the other parts of
the lock for operating the bolt or bolts for the purpose and in the
manner described.
I also claim connecting the pod or bitt with the body of the key by
means of a dovetailed wedge, which admits of the separation from and
re-union laterally, but not in the direction of the axis, as described,
when this is combined with a sliding pin fitted to a central hole in the
body of the key, and which, when projected into a central hole in the
pod or bitt, secures it laterally, as described.

page_text: I also claim making that part of the key-hole which receives the pod
or bitt in a carrier separate from the part of the key-hole which
receives the body of the key, as described, for the purpose of separating
the pod or bitt, and carrying it to the tumblers to set them, and
carrying it back to be re-united to the body of the key, as described.
I also claim combining with the key-hole in the carrier of the rod
or bitt a central pin attached to a moveable follower, which forms the
moveable bottom of the key-hole, and which is guided by straight and
inclined planes, as described, to force back the securing pin in the key
to permit the bitt to be separated from the dovetail on the body, and
then let it down flush with the surface of the carrier that it may be
carried to the tumblers and then back to the body of the key.to
be re-united, as described.
I also claim arranging the plates constituting the fence between
ways, so that they will be free to slide and be set by the tumblers
under the influence of the key, however slight the variation, as
described, when this is combined with a clamp or equivalent device for
clamping and holding them before and after the tumblers are removed,
so that the tumblers cannot be moved back again for unlocking, unless
they are placed in the same relative positions which they occupied
before locking, as described; and this I claim in contradistinction to
dogs and notches, which only admit of setting in certain fixed and
determined positions.
I also claim in combination the protector tumbler, as described,
which, when any force is applied to the bolt or bolts or the carriage to
force them back, will strike against a permanent part of the fence be-
fore the tumblers can strike, and thus avoid straining the mechanism of
the lock.
"
I also claim the employment of a lever in combination with and on
which all the tumblers rest, as described, to lift the tumblers when the
pod or bitt of the key is brought under or removed from under them,
to avoid all friction and wear either of the tumblers or the bitt of the
key, as described.
And I also claim making the bolts cylindrical, and connecting them
with the carriage by collars or their equivalents, that they may be free

page_text: to turn should a saw or other such like instrument be applied to cut
them, as described.
And under the second part of my Invention I claim making burglar-
proof vaults, safes, and doors of iron cast on to wrought iron rods and
into a mould surrounded by iron plates to chill the outer surface and
make it hard, as described, the wrought iron inside giving toughness to
the mass to resist blows, and the cast iron hardness on the outside to
resist drills and other cutting instruments, as described.
And I also claim securing the door when closed by means of two
sliding bolts operated by two angular levers connected with a handle,
as described, in combination with the bolts of the lock which work be-
tween the angular levers, as described, so that when locked the levers
cannot be operated to open the door, while at the same time the
mechanism of the lock is entirely protected.
In witness whereof, I, the said Alfred Vincent Newton, have
hereunto set my hand and seal, the Sixth day of May, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-four.
Witness,
J. W. MOFFATT,
66, Chancery Lane.
A. V. NEWTON. (L.S.)