matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR ROVING AND SPINNING
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Tomlinson Bousfield at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
22nd June 1864.-A communication from abroad by Erastus Steere,
residing at Providence, Rhode Island, in the United States of
America.
I, GEORGE TOMLINSON BOUSFIELD, of Loughborough Park, Brixton, in
the County of Surrey, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR ROVING AND SPINNING," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in machinery for roving and
spinning. The end in view in this Invention is to produce a self-lubricating
bolster or upper bearing for the spindles of machinery for roving and spinning,
in which the fibrous material which is used to absorb oil is prevented pressing
against the spindle so as to add friction and retard its rotation. For this
purpose I employ an isolated chamber, in which the absorbent for holding the
lubricating liquid in reserve is placed, and this chamber has in connection
with it passages or ducts for conducting the lubricating liquid from the
chamber to the spindle. The bolster is conveniently constructed of an outer
shell or metal tube fixed in the spindle rail, and enlarged at its upper end to
form an oil trough or chamber. Into the outer shell an inner shell or tube
fits, and the spindle passes through it and revolves in it as its bearing.
Around that part of the inner shell which is within the oil chamber of the

page_text: outer shell the fibrous or absorbent material is arranged, and this portion of
the inner shell is perforated for the passage of the lubricant. At the upper
end of the inner shell is a flange, which serves partially or entirely to cover
the oil vessel or chamber. If preferred the outer shell or tube may be
dispensed with, and the other is then passed through the spindle rail in which
the oil chamber is in this case formed.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN MILL-STRAPS OR DRIVING-BELTS, AND IN THE MEANS OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED IN THE MANUFACTURE THEREOF
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Lee at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 5th February
1864.
I, JAMES LEE, of Lightcliffe, near Halifax, in the County of York, Tanner
and Currier, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN MILL-STRAPS OR DRIVING-BELTS, AND IN THE MEANS OR APPARATUS
EMPLOYED IN THE MANUFACTURE THEREOF," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in joining two sheets of leather with their "flesh"
sides together by cement, the "grain" sides forming the outsides or surfaces
thereof, whereby mill straps or driving belts are rendered more durable than
heretofore. The means or apparatus employed for this purpose consist of two
winsels or rollers, on which the separate sheets after being cut to the proper
breadth and thickness are wound. Also a chamber heated by hot water
pipes, steam pipes, or other suitable heat ing means through which the sheets
are passed to be prepared to receive the cement, which is applied by brushes
or other suitable means on coming out therefrom; or heated cylinders may
be employed for this purpose. Also a series of pairs of pressing or squeezing
rollers betwixt which the sheets are passed in succession, and thereby pressed
and caused to adhere securely together. Each pair of the said squeezing
rollers has a slightly increased surface speed over the succeeding pair when in
motion, so as to stretch the leather whilst passing betwixt them. Or instead
of these rollers a series of screw or lever presses may be employed for pressing
or squeezing the parts together, which may be mounted on a slide table, and

page_text: motion given thereto by rack or screw for drawing the strap forward whilst
the pressure is upon it, the strap being then held by a stationary press or pair
of jaws, whilst the table is moved back to take another length when the
pressure is taken off. The winsels or rollers have brakes applied to retard
their rotation, so as to keep the leathers on the stretch in passing through the
hot chambers or over the hot cylinders. Guide plates are applied, which are
capable of being adjusted to the width of the strap or belt, to keep the same
in proper position during its passage, and carrying rollers are also employed
for supporting and conducting the straps or belts through the machine, which
rollers or some of them I prefer to be heated.
IMPROVEMENTS IN WIND ENGINES
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Jamet Thomas Hewes at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 2nd
September 1864.
I, JAMET THOMAS HEWES, of 14, Park Place South, Park Walk, Chelsea,
in the County of Middlesex, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN WIND ENGINES," to be as follows:-
I employ a vertical shaft supported in a suitable frame, the lower end of
which works in a cup. On the upper part of this shaft I place two, three,
four, or more cross pieces or arms horizontally; the extremity of each arm is
furnished with an upright spar or mast secured to the arm by the middle
of such spar in a looso manner so that it may play freely when acted on by
the wind. This spar is furnished with a square or other sail both above and
below the arm.
IMPROVEMENTS IN UMBRELLAS AND OTHER LIKE ARTICLES
Year: 1864

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Weeks, of Baker Street, in the County of
Middlesex, Manufacturer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
UMBRELLAS AND OTHER LIKE ARTICLES."
Sealed the 16th September 1864, and dated the 15th July 1864
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Weeks at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 15th July
1864.
I, JOHN WEEKS, of Baker Street, in the County of Middlesex, Manu-
facturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN UMBRELLAS AND OTHER LIKE ARTICLES," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in connecting the upper notch, that is to say, that
part of an umbrella, or other like article, to which the upper ends of the ribs
are attached, to a metal tube or rod of less diameter than that of the stick of
the umbrella, and in fitting the lower end of such tube or rod to the top of
the stick, which must be carried up beyond the point to which the runner
carrying the stretchers may rise in order that such runner may travel on the
stick. The stick should be tapered off to make a neat joint between the tube
or rod and the stick, and I prefer to use a taper ferrule to cover the joint;
or the ferrule may be formed in a piece with the tube or rod. By the
employment of the tube or rod I am enabled to reduce the diameter of the

page_text: notch, and the upper ends of the ribs resting when the umbrella is closed
upon the tube or rod, the thickness of the umbrella is even less than at any
other part, whereas by the ordinary construction there is a considerable
thickness at the upper part which renders the umbrella unsightly. Now,
without detracting from the strength, I am enabled to add greatly to the
neatness of the umbrella. Although I prefer the tube or rod before described,
yet in some cases I accomplish the same end by tapering the upper part of
the stick from a point above that to which the stretcher runner can ascend to
that point where the upper notch is fixed, I am then enabled to use an
upper notch of about the same diameter as that of the body of the stick.
My Invention further consists in providing a recess in the stick of umbrellas
and other like articles for the reception of the stretcher joints. I make a
break in the stick at the part where the stretcher joints will lie when the
umbrella is closed, and insert a tube or rod of less diameter than that of the
stick. The stick may be of the same material or of different materials
on each side of the joint; or I reduce the diameter of the stick, and form a
recess for the stretcher joints to lie in.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS. FOR PROJECTING THE SHUTTLE OF A LOOM THROUGH THE SHED
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederick Tolhausen at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
19th September 1864.- A communication from Henry Traphagen
Kerr, Gentleman, residing at Newark, New Jersey, United States of
America.
I, FREDERICK TOLHAUSEN, of 149, Boulevard Magenta, Paris, C.E. and
Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS. FOR PROJECTING THE SHUTTLE OF A
LOOM THROUGH THE SHED," a communication to him from Henry Traphagen
Kerr, Gentleman, a person resident at Newark, New Jersey, United States
of America, to be as follows:-
This Invention relates particularly to those looms in which a positivo
motion is imparted to the shuttle from one end of the shuttle race to the
other.
The Invention consists in the employment or use of two pegs, tho position
of which is governed by a cam on the batten, either on its front or rear, and
either above or below the shuttle race, and which (pegs) are made to catch
at the proper intervals in holes or sockets in the end of the shuttle in such a
manner that one of the pegs is, always in position to act on the shuttle, and
both pegs while passing the gap in which the shed is made are depressed by
the positive action of the cam, and the possibility of having the warp threads

page_text: disturbed by one of the pegs is prevented. The throw of the pegs may be
increased by the action of levers, and the apparatus may be applied to looms
in which two or more shuttles work one above the other, or to looms of any
other description.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MODE OF AND APPARATUS FOR STOPPING BOTTLES
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Henry Johnson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
28th November 1864.-A communication from abroad by Henry Bate-
man Goodyear, of New Haven, in the State of Connecticut, United
States of America.
I, JOHN HENRY JOHNSON, of 47, Lincolu's Inn Fields, in the County of.
Middlesex, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MODE OF AND APPARATUS FOR STOPPING BOTTLES," a
communication to me from abroad by Henry Bateman Goodyear, of New
Haven, in the State of Connecticut, United States of America, to be as
follows:-
This Invention relates to an improved mode of and apparatus for stopping
or closing bottles containing still liquids, namely, liquids which are not charged
with fixed air or gases, and consists in the employment in combination with
a bottle of suitable form, and a ball (of larger diameter than the inside of
the bottle neck), made of india-rubber or other suitable elastic material,
capable of floating upon the liquid in the bottle of an instrument composed
of three or more diverging elastic wires firmly. secured to a handle. The ball
which serves as a stopper is contained inside the bottle, and the free ends of
the wires of the instrument above referred to are to be introduced into the
bottle through the neck, their object being to engage with the ball, and pull
into the contracted neck of the bottle. The wires of this instrument
may either be made perfectly straight, or they may be curved slightly either
it
up

page_text: outwards or inwards, the latter form being preferred when more resistance or
a firmer hold on the ball, which is to be grasped by the wires whilst it is
floating in the liquid inside the bottle, is required for the purpose of pulling
the ball higher up the neck, and for wedging it into its seat with increased
power; the ball will thus be compressed and held more firmly than when
the wires are straight or curved outwardly. The neck of the bottle should
be so contracted as to prevent the ball which is of larger diameter than
the neck from being drawn out by the force necessary to pull out the instru-
ment, and yet hold the ball when drawn up by as large a surface as possible,
giving such frictional hold as to prevent the ball from springing back and
dropping into the liquid. In some cases it may be found necessary to give
the contracted part an additional and more sudden contraction in order to
more effectually retain the ball.
In bottling beer and other fermentable liquids which when bottled are
liable to generate expansive gases, this mode of constructing bottles is par-
ticularly recommended.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR SPINNING AND DOUBLING OR TWISTING WOOL, MOHAIR, COTTON SILK, OR OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Blakey and John Alderson
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition,
on the 6th January 1864.
We, HENRY BLAKEY, of Luddenden, in the County of York, Overlooker,
and JOHN ALDERSON, of Ovenden, in the same County, Machine Maker, do
hereby declare the nature of our said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR SPINNING AND DOUBLING OR TWISTING WOOL,
MOHAIR, COTTON, SILK, OR OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to increase and regulate the friction or drag
on the bobbins whilst the yarn or other fibrous material is wound thereon,
which we effect in the following manner :-
We place on each spindle an iron collar or disc which rests (on a washer of
cloth or other suitable material) on the lifting bar. The lower flange of each
bobbin is received on the said collar or disc and is secured thereto by'a pin
or pins which pass through or into the lower flange of each bobbin or may
be secured thereto by a spring or springs placed at the outer rim or circum-
ference of each collar or disc. By the additional weight of the collars or discs
on the lifting bar the friction or drag of the bobbins is regulated and increased.
(The amount of friction or drag being determined by the diameter and
thickness or weight of the collar or disc) we are thus enabled to greatly
increase the speed, and wind the yarn or other fibrous material tighter on the
bobbins, and thus economize the time required for doffing, and require fewer
bobbins for a given quantity of yarn or other fibrous materials. The collars or
dises above mentioned may be made of iron, brass, or any suitable material,

page_text: and may be constructed with rims or projections at their outer edge or cir-
cumference so as to receive the lower flange of the bobbin, thus dispensing with
the pins or springs. It is evident that the collars or discs above described are
equally applicable to existing as well as to new machinery for the purpose
above mentioned.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF BRIDGES AND VIADUCTS
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel Calley at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 14th June
1864.
I, SAMUEL CALLEY, of Brixham, in the County of Devon, Manufacturer,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE CONSTRUCTION OF BRIDGES AND VIADUCTS," to be as follows:-
I propose in the construction of bridges and viaducts to introduce certain.
metallic or wooden rods for the purpose of strengthening or sustaining the
structure, and when desired suspending the way.
In order to make my improvements more clearly understood, I will now
describe them only as applied to two piers, and one span or opening of a
bridge. I propose to carry a metal rod (or rods) on each side of a pier to
the opposite pier; this rod (or rods) will start from the foundation (or even
below it) of the one pier, and forming an arch (semicircle or otherwise) pass
into and to the foundation of the opposite or next pier; I also carry another
rod (or rods) in a similar manner from the foundation of one pier to another
of an eliptic span; or I carry rods of any rise (semicircle, segment, or elipse,)
in the manner before mentioned to support or sustain the sides or framework
of the bridge, or suspend it if required. But if from any cause I do not
require to carry my rods from one foundation to the other, I rest their ends
on any part of the elevation of the piers. It will be understood that if it be
required to suspend the centre of the framework of the span, the form of the
rod must vary accordingly, and I do not confine myself to any form of rod or

page_text: support, as they must vary to suit the circumstances of particular cases.
The arc, semicircle, segment, or elipse, may be of any material suitable for
the nature of the bridge or viaduct to be constructed. These rods will be
attached to parts of the piers and framework of the bridge wherever required.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN SIGNAL APPARATUS APPLIED TO STEAM BOILERS
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Lawrence at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 8th March
1864.
I, JOHN LAWRENCE, of Uckfield, in the County of Sussex, Engineer and
Millwright, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN SIGNAL APPARATUS APPLIED TO STEAM BOILERS," to be as follows :-
My improvements consist in the application of a whistle or audible signal
apparatus to steam boilers, whereby a signal is given when the water sinks to a
certain level, and thus indicates a deficiency of water both to the attendant and
to all other persons near; or the whistle may be placed in communication with
the boiler by a tube and disposed at any required distance from the boiler to
warn and indicate to some particular person or persons. For this purpose I dis-
pose a long horizontal lever mounted on a suitable fulcrum in the boiler, having
a float at one end and a counterbalance weight at the other; on this lever is
mounted a valve, which when the float end of the lever is lifted by the float
presses such valve into its seat in the lower end of the pipe communicating
with a whistle, and so prevents any escape of steam thereto, but so soon as
the water sinks below its proper level the lever will open the valve and allow
the steam to rush out, and so produce the signal by acting on the whistle
and sounding it loudly.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF "TEMPLES TO BE EMPLOYED IN POWER LOOMS, AND FOR STRETCHING WOVEN FABRICS
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edwin Ratcliffe and John Pearson
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on
the 24th February 1864.
We, EDWIN RATCLIFFE, Overlooker, and JOHN PEARSON, Tin Plate Worker,
both of Walsden, in the County of Lancaster, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF
"TEMPLES TO BE EMPLOYED IN POWER LOOMS, AND FOR STRETCHING WOVEN
FABRICS," to be as follows:-
The Invention relates to the manufacture of "temples" by self-acting
machinery, whereby the "rasps" or projecting points upon such temples are
raised and set in a uniform and regular position.
The improved machinery consists in a suitable bed or frame upon which
supports or carriers are placed to hold the piece of metal or "blank roller" of
which the temple is formed whilst the surface is under the operation of being
roughened or cut. This cutting is accomplished by means of a sliding tool
having pressure exerted upon it by a bent lever which has its fulcrum in
the frame supporting the cutter, such frame being adjustable to any required
angle, so that when pressure is applied to the cutter through the aforesaid
lever a projecting point or rasp is raised upon the "blank roller" ready for
finishing, which is effected by a projecting piece upon the pressure lever when
being raised (preparatory to its downward action) coming into contact with a
sliding "setter" in the form of a punch with a countersunk die, which being
forced down upon the already roughly-raised point will form and set such

page_text: rough projections or points into perfectly-shaped pins. The projecting points ·
upon the surface of the temple are raised at equal distances by means of a
diagonal wheel which gives an intermittent progressive motion to the blank
roller during the formation of its roughened surface.
A NEW OR IMPROVED SAFETY APPARATUS FOR ARRESTING THE FALL OF CAGES OR PLATFORMS USED IN MINE SHAFTS SHOULD THEIR SUSPENDING ROPE OR CHAIN BREAK
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Nicolas Joseph Lebrun at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
21st January 1864.
I, NICOLAS JOSEPHI LEBRUN, of 95, Rue de Terre Neuve, Brussels, in the
Kingdom of Belgium, Clock Maker, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "A NEW OR IMPROVED SAFETY APPARATUS FOR ARRESTING THE FALL
OF CAGES OR PLATFORMS USED IN MINE SHAFTS SHOULD THEIR SUSPENDING ROPE OR
CHAIN BREAK," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in a new or improved apparatus by which a load or
charge which is being elevated or lowered in a mine shaft will be instantly
arrested in its fall should the rope or chain to which it is suspended snap or
break.
In the shaft opposite one to the other, and at a convenient distance one from
the other, I fix to suitable framing two vertical wrought-iron bars, the inner
surfaces of which are serrated or toothed so as to form two ratchet racks
extending from the top to the bottom of the said shaft. Between the said
vertical bars and flanged so as to be guided thereby, I place a wrought-iron or
sheet-iron rectangular case, the two sides of which next the said bars are open
or partially open, so that the machinery contained in the said case may freely
act upon the teeth of the rack when required. Through the said case passes
a vertical wrought-iron rod, the top end of which is attached to the chain or
rope from the top of the shaft, and its other end carries a nut or plate, by
which when the rod is drawn upwards it carries with it the rectangular case,

page_text: but it is capable of a limited downward motion through the bottom of the
Above the case the rod is provided with an adjustable nut to limit the
extent of its motion downwards through the chest. Inside the said chest and
at the four corners thereof, or in any suitable positions, I place four, or more
or less as required, pauls working loosely upon pins passing through the chest
and rivetted thereto; the said pauls are acted upon by steel or other springs
which tend to force them into the teeth of the racks, but they are maintained
in a vertical position or prevented from yielding to the force of the springs by
chains from the suspending rod of the chest, which chains, when the said
suspending rod is drawn upwards or suspended from above, keep the pauls
from contact with the teeth of the rack, but when the said suspending rod is
no longer acted upon by its suspending cord or chain, it falls downwards till
stopped by the adjustable nut upon its upper part, and in its downward move-
ment it releases the pauls from the action of the chains, which become slack,
and the springs immediately cause the pauls to be locked into the teeth of
the rack and the whole is prevented from falling further. Any convenient
number of platforms may be attached to my safety apparatus, or cages may
be suspended to the lower end of the apparatus in order to receive the persons
or loads intended to be raised or lowered.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MEANS OR APPARATUS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF FABRIC IN LACE MACHINERY
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Hartshorn and William
Redgate at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 20th August 1864.
We, JAMES HARTSHORN, of the Mansfield Road, Nottingham, Lace Manu-
facturer, and WILLIAM REDGATE, of Nottingham, Draughtsman, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MEANS
OR APPARATUS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF FABRIC IN LACE MACHINERY," to be as
follows:-
The improvements relate to means by which when producing fabric in lace
machinery the guage of the fabric may be reduced from a coarser to a finer
character at the parts desired; for this purpose we apply an extra bar
or extra bars of points below the ordinary points, somewhat as described
in the Specification of Letters Patent granted to us, bearing date the
8th day of September 1862, No. 2472, except that in the present case
these points in place of being parallel to each other, or pointing all in
one direction for their whole length, are arranged in sets according to
the width of fabric to be acted upon, and are parallel only a part of their
length at their root ends, and then they radiate at their point ends, or they may
radiate from their roots to the points. The bars carrying these extra points.
have motion given to them towards and from the centre of the machine at
the times and in the order desired_by_cam-or-tappet, or other suitable
motion, or by jacquard apparatus, and these bars are operated to cause
the extra points to enter the threads at the parts desired, just above the

page_text: bobbin carriages, and in so doing those threads are by these extra points
drawn closer towards each other to an extent dependent upon the difference
between the guage of these extra points at their points ends and at their root
ends, and then the ordinary points in their next entering between these
threads take them up at their narrower guage thus obtained. By these
means the general or any portion of the guage of the fabric may be
reduced from one guage to a finer, and scolloped edges and other varia-
tions may be obtained. In the production of fine guage lace from coarse
guage machines, for example, a 10-point machine ordinarily makes a mesh of
the same guage, that is, 20 gaits or meshes to the inch or thereabouts, but by
these means we are enabled to produce a finer mesh from the same guage, as,
for instance, from a 10-point machine we can produce a 15, 20, or 30 guage
net or mesh, or 30, 40, or 60 gaits or-meshes respectively to the inch, or other
intermediate number.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN STEERING SHIPS AND VESSELS
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Thomas Banks at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 10th
March 1864. A communication from abroad by George Fletcher Banks,
of Madeira.
I, THOMAS BANKS, of Kidderminster, in the County of Worcester, Manu-
facturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN STEERING SHIPS AND VESSELS," to be as follows:-
The said Invention consists in steering ships and vessels by means of screws
similar to those commonly employed for propelling ships and vessels. Two of
the said screws are employed, one on either side of the ship or vessel, the said
screws working on axes situated in the same line, but capable of rotating
independently of each other. The axes of the said screws are situated in a
horizontal plane, and at right angles to the ship's length. The said screws may
take motion from the engine by which the ship or vessel is propelled, or from
the shaft of the screw propeller when the ship or vessel is propelled by a screw
propeller. It is preferred, however, to work the said steering screws by an
independent steam or other motive power engine, and when worked by the
same engine as the propelling mechanism the said steering screws must have
motion quite independent of that of the propelling mechanism. By giving
rotatory motion to the said screws the ship or vessel may be steered with great
ease and readiness. It is preferred to use the steering screws described in

page_text: conjunction with an ordinary rudder, but the said steering screws may be
employed without a rudder. Although it is preferred to use two steering
screws as described, yet one of the said steering screws may be employed with
the same or nearly the same effect.
IMPROVEMENTS IN REEFING AND FURLING SAILS
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Butchart and Henry Stroud
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on the
10th October 1864.
We, JOHN BUTCHART, of Gardener Street, and HENRY STROUD, of Stephen-
son Street, both of North Shields, in the County of Northumberland, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN REEFING
AND FURLING SAILS," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to certain improvements in the method of reefing and
furling sails, by the use of which we propose to prevent the chafing of the top-
gallant sails, which is occasioned by the ordinary chains either going to the
yard arms from the mast head, or passing along the upper part of the topsail
yard, by making the reefing chains pass through clamps in the topmast down
to sheaves in the yard arm, one on each side of the mast, in rolling chocks,
and along the after part of the yard to horizontal sheaves in and near each
end of the yard; the top sail haulyard leads from the centre sheave in the
topmast down to the deck, and is actuated by a block and tackle in order to
enable the sail to be reefed or furled, or vice versâ, by means of a supple-
inental spar or roller in front of the yard arm.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR DRESSING, FINISHING, AND LUSTRING YARNS AND THREADS OF SILK
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Medwin Hands at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 1st
October 1864.
I, RICHARD MEDWIN HANDS, of Coventry, in the County of Warwick, do
bereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR DRESSING, FINISHING, AND LUSTRING YARNS AND
THREADS OF SILK," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in the application of a machine or apparatus that
has heretofore been used for dressing and lustring ribbons, to the dressing,
finishing, and lustring of yarns and threads of silk. Such machine consists
mainly of a trough containing the sizing or lustring solution through which
the ribbon is passed, being conducted from the bobbins under a roller
immersed in the said solution; from such trough the ribbon passes between
two rollers for pressing out the superfluous sizing or lustring solution, and
thence over the surface of a hollow revolving metal cylinder heated by steam,
and situated immediately in front of the trough, from which cylinder the
ribbon passes alternately under and over two or more stationary hollow metal
cylinders also heated by steam; from the last of which the ribbon is taken
away to be made up in the usual manner.
In applying the said machine or apparatus to the dressing, finishing, and
lustring of silk yarn or thread, instead of allowing the yarn or thread on
emerging from the sizing or lustring bath to pass over a considerable portion
of the surface of the heated revolving cylinder, I cause it to pass first in
close proximity to, but not in contact with, a considerable portion of the

page_text: surface of the same, and then after passing over a wire or roller situated near
the said cylinder, I cause it to come in contact with a small portion only of
the surface of the latter, whereby the sizing or lustring material becomes par-
tially dried on the yarn or thread by the heat of the revolving cylinder before
the yarn or thread comes in contact with the same, and thus the accumulation
of such sizing or lustring material upon the surface of the cylinder is pre-
vented. Instead of winding the yarn or thread upon bobbins after passing
from the last stationary heated cylinder, I wind the same upon skeleton reels,
from which it is taken in the form of hanks.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR THE ADMISSION, EXCLUSION, AND REGULATION OF GAS SUPPLIED TO DWELLING HOUSES AND OTHER STRUCTURES
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Edmund Albrecht at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 19th
August 1864.
I, CHARLES EDMUND ALBRECHT, of Portsdown Road, Maida Hill, in the
County of Middlesex, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR THE ADMISSION, EXCLUSION,
AND REGULATION OF GAS SUPPLIED TO DWELLING HOUSES AND OTHER STRUCTURES,"
to be as follows:-
The object of my Invention is to allow of the admission, exclusion, and
regulation of gas being effected or controlled from any one or more or all of
the floors or apartments of a house or other structure readily and almost
instantaneously, whereby time and trouble are saved, great convenience
gained, and an effective check on the general management and clandestine
working of the gas obtained; and in case of fire the gas may be immediately
excluded, and danger of accident by explosion prevented.
According to my Invention I connect the key, tap, cock, or valve of the
meter or inlet, or supply or service pipe, with a cord, chain, wire, or other like
agent carried through the ceilings, walls, or otherwise to the various floors or
apartments of the house or structure, being combined for that purpose with
rollers, pulleys, or cranks, and having a weight at both ends, so that by
moving the cord or like agent the key, tap, or-valve will be worked, and the
gas admitted, excluded, or regulated as required; or instead of a weight

page_text: A
or weights, springs, screws, or equivalent contrivances may be used.
graduated disc or scale may be used to allow of the inflow being regulated to
a nicety.
By the above means the gas may be instantly turned off without persons
having to descend or go to the meter; and in case of fire, the severance or 5
burning of the cord will almost instantaneously turn off the gas.
IMPROVEMENTS.IN. APPLYING TO USEFUL PURPOSES THE SLAG OR SCORIA OF BLAST FURNACES AND OTHER FURNACES USED FOR SMELTING OR MELTING METALS AND METALLIC ORES
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Atkinson Harrison at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
26th September 1864.
I, JOHN ATKINSON HARRISON, of the Town and County of Newcastle-upon-
Tyne, Civil Engineer, do hereby.declare, the nature of the Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS.IN. APPLYING TO USEFUL PURPOSES THE SLAG OR SCORIA OF BLAST
FURNACES AND OTHER FURNACES USED FOR SMELTING OR MELTING METALS AND
METALLIC ORES," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in moulding into certain forms while in a fluid state,
and afterwards annealing by the means berein-after described, the slag or
scoria or other products of combustion applicable to the purposes of my
Invention, which issue from blast furnaces used for smelting iron ore or any
other description of furnaces used for smelting the ore of any other metal, or
for melting any metal or mineral substance, or proceeding from any process
of manufacture producing slag or scoria, and for applying such slag or scoria,
when so moulded and annealed, to the same purposes to which stones, brick,
earthenware, wood, iron, and other metals are applied, namely, to building
purposes for marine and other masonry, roofing, paving, flagging, gas, water,
and sanitary pipes, and other purposes of a like nature.
My Invention consists in receiving the slag or scoria in a fluid state when
issuing from the furnace or other receptacle in which it is produced, and in
moulding the same in moulds of any construction, with or without pressure or
other mechanical or chemical appliance, and either with or without the

page_text: admixture of any other fluid, gas, vapour, or substance with such slag or
scoria to reduce the same into shapes in which the same can be applied to
any useful purpose, and by the process of annealing to preserve the same slag
or scoria in such forms that the same may not be cracked or destroyed in
cooling, but may endure without being affected by the atmosphere or by any
other causes.
The means which I employ for annealing the slag or scoria when moulded
is similar to that now employed in glass manufactures called a lear, for which
I propose to substitute one or more ovens or covered ways, either-above-or
below the surface of the ground, of such convenient size, shape, and length
as may be necessary to anneal the quantity of slag or scoria intended to be
manufactured, and situated in the place most convenient for receiving such
slag or scoria. Such ovens or covered ways to be capable of being kept at a
proper temperature, and heated and cooled in the manner most convenient,
either through the whole or a portion of their length, and the objects to be
annealed being either left stationary or moved from one part of the ovens or
covered ways to the other by manual or horse power, or steam or other
machinery, either propelled or self-acting.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS TO BE EMPLOYED IN THE MANU- FACTURE OF HATS OR SIMILAR COVERINGS FOR THE HEAD
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederick Cooke at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 17th December
.1864.
I, FREDERICK COOKE, of Denton, in the County of Lancaster, Hat
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "CERTAIN
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS TO BE EMPLOYED IN THE MANU-
FACTURE OF HATS OR SIMILAR COVERINGS FOR THE HEAD," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to the manufacture of such hats or coverings for the
head as are made of felt or similar material, and also to the manufacture of
that portion of hats called the "hat body," which is generally composed of
woven fabric and varnish, and subsequently covered with plush.
The Invention is designed to produce a sharp angular and well defined edge
at the junction of the "crown" with the "sides," and consists in the employ.
ment and use of an india-rubber or other elastic "crown core," formed with
an angle corresponding to the "mould" in which the hat is made, this core
is fitted into the crown of the hat or "body" when in a pliable state, and
pressure is applied thereto either by means of water as at present used in
making felt hats, or by other convenient means. By this pressure the india-
rubber "core" is caused to expand and press the felt or other material into
the angle of the exterior mould, and produce an angular junction between the
sides and crown of the hat, instead of such being rounded as hitherto.

page_text: A second part of the Invention relates to a novel method of releasing and
lifting the hat body from the mould when sufficiently pressed, and consists in
the application thereto of an bydraulic piston and cylinder, actuated by the
pressure of water used to press the hat, so that by admitting the pressure
of water beneath the piston it becomes lifted, and through the medium of a
piston rod the hat is released or lifted from the mould.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN OR ADDITION TO MACHINERY EMPLOYED FOR SPINNING WOOL, COTTON, AND OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Lancaster, John Lancaster,
and James Whitaker at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 14th July 1864.
We, THOMAS LANCASTER, Roller Coverer, JOHN LANCASTER, Cut-looker,
and JAMES WHITAKER, Overlooker, all of Burnley, in the County of Lancaster,
do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention for "AN IMPROVEMENT
IN OR ADDITION TO MACHINERY EMPLOYED FOR SPINNING WOOL, COTTON, AND OTHER
FIBROUS MATERIALS," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object the prevention of snarls, and consequent
waste of twist or thread, which we effect as follows:-We affix to the guide
wires of spinning frames an attachment of iron or strong wire forming an eye
for the passage of twist or thread to the "fly," and placed so as to be under
the eye of the guide wire. Through and across the first-mentioned eye is a
second wire, bent or cranked in the said eye, on which bend or crank the
twist or thread bears on its passage to the fly, the other end of last-mentioned
wire projecting or depending from the outside of the first-mentioned eye. The
twist or thread in its passage to the fly bearing upon the bent or cranked
wire elevates the projecting or depending end thereof, but should the twist or
thread from any cause become slack and begin to snarl, the pressure being
removed from the bend or crank will allow the projecting or depending end
thereof to fall into the vertical position (a stop being provided on the outside

page_text: of first-mentioned eye to prevent the projecting or depending wire passing the
vertical position), and reaching near to the top of the spindle, the twist or
thread will by means of the revolutions of the fly catch on the projecting or
depending wire, breaking the said twist or thread, and stopping at once its
delivery and consequent waste.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF STEEL AND IRON
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Firth at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 14th November
1864.
I, JOHN FIRTH, of Sheffield, in the County of York, Steel Manufacturer,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF STEEL AND IRON," to be as follows:-
I take ordinary moulding boxes lined with loam or any other fire-resisting
material or ordinary moulds, and after the molten metal is run into the mould,
and while it is in a state of fusion, I employ pressure obtained by the action
of a screw, or a lever, or hydraulic or steam power, or in any other convenient
manner applied to the stopper or plug fitting the inside of the mould so as to
consolidate the casting, and thereby I improve the quality of the steel and
iron. I then take the casting or ingot so prepared, and use it either with or
without hammering.
IMPROVEMENTS IN COTTON GINS
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Jonathan Shelmerdine at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 27th
October 1864.
I, JONATHAN SHELMERDINE, of the Firm of Henry Bayley, Son, and
Company, Albion Iron Works, Hulme Hall Lane, Miles Platting, Man-
chester, in the County of Lancaster, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN COTTON GINS," to be as follows:-
My improvements are applicable to that class of cotton gins known as
"Macarthy's," and their object is to prevent the grid through which the seeds
pass from becoming "choked," and my improvements consist in applying an
oscillating or vibrating comb or toothed bar so arranged that the teeth of the
comb or bar will pass through the spaces of the grid from the back to the
front side where the seed cotton is fed, there being sufficient space to allow
the seeds to pass under the toothed bar or comb. This toothed bar or comb
drives the seed cotton backwards at each vibration, clears the grid, and loosens
the fibre from the seed. In place of the teeth of the comb or toothed bar
passing through the spaces of the grid the comb or toothed bar may be placed
immediately in front of the grid, the teeth of the grid and comb or toothed
bar coming opposite each other.
My improvements are particularly applicable to those arrangements and
combinations of mechanism for ginning cotton where the vibrating knife tends
to drive the seed cotton forward against the seed grid, as in the improved

page_text: arrangement and combination for which Letters Patent were granted to Henry
Bayley, numbered 3286, and dated Twenty-ninth day of December, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-three, and my
improvements also consist in combining with the improvements described in
the Specification of the said Letters Patent my improvements herein-before
described by arranging the comb or toothed bar parallel to the vibrating knife,
and actuating it by links from the arms or other parts of the vibrating knife.
The comb or toothed bar may be arranged to move in the same or in an
opposite direction by the same movement by connecting the two directly or
transmitting the motion through a lever or levers so as to reverse it.
SECURELY ADJUSTING AND FASTENING GENTLEMEN'S SCARFS ON ANY SIZE NECK BY MEANS OF A LOOP BUCKLE
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edmund Walton at the Office.
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 12th March,
1864.
I, EDMUND WALTON, of 47, Wood Street, Cheapside, London, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "SECURELY ADJUSTING AND
FASTENING GENTLEMEN'S SCARFS ON ANY SIZE NECK BY MEANS OF A LOOP BUCKLE,
to be as follows:-
Attached to the upper part of the scarf which falls on the front of the neck
A is a flap B corresponding in shape with the portion of the scarf A. The
flap B is intended when the scarf is worn to fall over a collar, so that the
narrow edge C shall be uppermost under the wearer's chin; this flap falls on
to the neck beneath the scarf (which covers it), and it is lined with a firm
material. On its outer side from the neck (that is between the flap and the
scarf) is fastened one end of a band or neck tie E, which is intended to pass.
round the wearer's neck. To the band E and the flap B is attached by means.
of a piece of elastic the under side of a metal buckle D in such a manner as.
that the band, the flap, and scarf are firmly united, the necessary elasticity is
given round the neck, and the buckle does not press upon the neck of the
wearer. Towards the loose end of the band E it is passed through the lever
slide of the metal buckle F, so far as may permit the band up to that point

page_text: secured by the leverage of the buckle exactly to encircle the wearer's neck.
The scarf by these arrangements becomes one that will exactly fit any wearer's
neck, that is with great facility clasped and unclasped, and that is not subject
to loosening or disarrangement, which are improvements not attained by any
former Invention of this class.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PRODUCTION OF OIL, OR OLEAGINOUS OR SPIRITUOS AND GASEOUS MATTERS FROM COAL AND OTHER MINERAL SUBSTANCES AND VEGETABLE DEPOSITS, AND IN THE MACHINERY, APPARATUS, OR MEANS EMPLOYED THEREIN
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Peter Raeburn at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 2nd March
1864.
I, JOHN PETER RAEBURN, of Charlesfield, in the County of Mid Lothian,
North Britain, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PRODUCTION OF OIL, OR OLEAGINOUS OR SPIRITUOS AND
GASEOUS MATTERS FROM COAL AND OTHER MINERAL SUBSTANCES AND VEGETABLE
DEPOSITS, AND IN THE MACHINERY, APPARATUS, OR MEANS EMPLOYED THEREIN," to
be as follows, that is to say :-
This Invention relates to an improved system or mode of obtaining oil, or
oleaginous or spirituos and gaseous matters from coal and other mineral
substances and vegetable deposits,, and consists in employing retorts having a
circular, reciprocating, or other convenient motion imparted to them from any
convenient source of prime mover, and of any convenient shape or form, but
by preference made cylindrical. In the sides or ends of the retorts employed
apertures having doors or covers of a convenient size are formed for the
purpose of introducing the substances to be treated, and when a sufficient
amount of either of these is inserted the doors or covers are replaced, and
secured by means of screws, or in any other way, as usual. One or both ends
of the retorts employed has inserted into it pipes, which branch off in any con-
venient direction to condensers, where the products of the operation herein-

page_text: before referred to are ultimately collected, a joint or joints being made in the
end or ends of the retort to enable it to move, as herein-before described,
whilst the pipes remain stationary. The retort is enclosed in a brick furnace,
as usual, and heat applied to it in the ordinary manner.