IMPROVEMENTS IN FIRE ESCAPES, AND IN VANS THEREFOR to be as follows:
Year: 1885

page_text: I, GEORGE BRAY, of 54 Princes Street, Deptford, in the county of Kent, Wheel-
wright, do hereby declare the nature of my Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
FIRE ESCAPES, AND IN VANS THEREFOR to be as follows:-
"
My present invention consists essentially of improvements upon my invention
for which Letters Patent were granted to me bearing date January 15th 1884 and
numbered 1165-And the said improvements consist of the following additions or
alterations in the details of construction of fire escapes, ladders and vans made
according to the speco of my herein before recited Letters Patent; but certain
of such improvements are also applicable to ordinary fire-escapes, ladders and vans.
In order to provide a continuous bearing or support for the sliding ladders, I fix.
to the underside of each side of the main ladder by means of clips, brackets or
other suitable devices, a long strip formed of wood or other suitable material.
Such strip is fixed at a sufficient distance below the said sides to allow room for
the second or sliding ladder to travel freely, and I provide in the lower edges of
the sides of the said ladder, small rollers to travel upon the continuous strips-
I also provide rollers in the form of rotating sleeves upon the ends of certain of the
rounds of the main ladder, so that the upper edges of the sides of the sliding
ladder may travel freely when in contact therewith-The sliding ladder is thus
provided with a continuous bearing both above and below-It will clearly be seen
that a precisely similar arrangement of continuous strips and rollers can be attached
to the sliding ladder, so that a third ladder can in like manner slide beneath it, and
so on to any desired number of ladders.
To the innerside of the underside of the main ladder and each of the sliding
ladders, I affix a shoot of any suitable material, such as wire-gauze-The con-
tinuous strips just described are within the shoot of the particular ladder to which
they are attached and the shoots slide one within the other when the ladders are
closed.
An advantage of this construction is that a continuous shoot from the top to the
bottom of the ladders is always available, to whatever height the ladders may be
extended.
The truss irons, or struts, carrying the wire rope ties, are attached to the sides
of the ladders in the same manner as in my herein before recited specon No. 1165,
of 1884, so that they will allow the shoots to telescope clear of the said struts and

page_text: ropes; that is to say, that the shoot affixed to each ladder is placed within the
struts and ties belonging to that ladder.
The aforesaid strips upon which the ladders slide, also act as guards from the
clips or brackets, so that there will be no projections to catch persons sliding down
the shoots.
At the top of the main ladder and at the top of each sliding ladder, except the.
last of the series, I provide on each side, supported in suitable bearings, a roller to
support the ladder sliding therein, as the continuous strips in practice are not
required to be carried to the extreme ends of the ladders.
The last few rounds at the bottom of the main ladder are removed, as in the
usual way, to enable persons coming down the shoot to make their exit therefrom,
and I also remove a similar number of rounds from the bottom of each sliding
ladder, and instead of providing a cross bar on the bottom ends of the sliding
ladders, I place such cross bar at or about the position of the lowest round, so that
the apron at the bottom of the shoot may be always extended and persons can
thus leave the shoot even when none of the ladders are raised from their normal
position.
At the top of the ladder forming the last of the series I provide a suitable
projecting metal bar or bars to prevent the shoot being injured by a gutter or other
projection on the face of a building against which the ladder may be placed-
Instead of constructing the main ladder so that it forms a part of the frame of a
fire escape as is the usual custom, I prefer to construct such frame quite inde-
pendently, and to fix the main ladder therein by any suitable devices.
To enable persons to descend the shoot with safety, I provide an endless rope,
one half being within the shoot and the other half outside the ladders-At the top
of the ladders the rope passes between 'the top cross-bar and a roller parallel
thereto, but pivotted eccentrically and provided with a lever handle so that the
rope can be gripped between such roller and cross-bar, and the rate of descent of a
person clinging to the rope can be regulated by a man at the top of the ladder
by means of the lever handle-A brake of similar construction may also be fixed
on the carriage at the bottom of the ladder, so that the rope may be worked either
from the top or the bottom-I usually prefer to provide the said endless rope
with numerous loops at suitable distances, so that persons can place their hands
and feet in such loops, and thus retain their hold of the rope without difficulty. .
In place of the arrangement for extending the ladders described in my previous,
speco No 1165 of 1884, I.now provide the axle tree of the fire escape with a long
sleeve capable of rotation thereon, and in order to place such sleeve in position on
the axle tree, I prefer to make one or both of the collars on the said axle-tree loose,
or shifting.
Upon the centre of such sleeve, I affix a worm-wheel, and I support in suitable
bearings, rigidly connected with the axle and frame of the escape, a tangent screw
(preferably formed with a double thread) to engage with the teeth of the said
worm-wheel.
Upon the outer ends of the sleeve upon the axle tree, I affix drums, from which
ropes pass over pulliés fixed to the frame of the escape near the bottom of the
main ladder, the ropes are then led upwards, and pass over pullies at the top of the
main ladder, where they are led downwards again and securely fastened to the heel
of the first sliding ladder.
The shaft of the tangent screw is provided with a handle similar to that
described for the like purpose in my specification No 1165 of 1884, or of any other
suitable form.
It is obvious that on the rotation of such handle, the ropes will be wound on or
off the drums, and the ladder raised or lowered thereby-No ratchet or clutch is
required as the tangent screw and worm-wheel will retain the ladders in any
desired position-When two sliding ladders are employed, a rope is affixed at one
end to the top of the main ladder, passes over a pulley on the top of the first
sliding ladder and is affixed to the heel of the second sliding ladder, so that when

page_text: the first sliding ladder is raised as before described the second sliding ladder will
be simultaneously extended. The same arrangement may obviously be employed in
connection with any further number of sliding ladders desired.
To raise the ladders, when only one or two are used, I may employ a spindle
with drums journalled in arms fixed to the frame of the carriage (not to the heel
of the ladder) the said spindle being worked by cog wheels and a handle or wheel
like a steering wheel and provided with a ratchet and pawl or other suitable form
of clutch. To ensure a certain amount of elasticity of connection between the
ladders and frame and the wheels, when the fire escape is travelling with the
ladders in a nearly vertical position, I affix to the axle-tree, two curved bars,
preferably of tee-section, and I provide the ends of such curved bars with
apertures, or other suitable devices, to slide upon guides fixed to the frame of the
escape, and I supply such guides with spiral springs, above the ends of the curved
bars, so that the weight of the ladders and frame, when in a vertical or nearly
vertical position, is borne by such spiral springs.
In place of constructing the ladder sides of timber and metal in two or more
parts, as described in iny specification No 1165 of 1884, I may sometimes prefer to
construct them of one piece of timber as in the ordinary way, but I wish it to be
understood, that in that case, I still adhere to the mode of fixing the rounds to the
sides as therein described, as by that means I avoid weakening the sides of the
ladders, as is done when large holes are formed in them to receive the ends of
the rounds in the usual way And I also employ the saine system of trussing for
such ladder sides as described in the said specification No 1165 of 1884.
To prevent the ladders falling when extended, through the breakage of the rope
or other cause, I provide on the top of the main ladder, and of each sliding ladder,
except the last of the series, a clutch or clutches jointed to the cross bar, so that as
the ladder rises the rounds in the ladder will push past the clutch in rising and
the clutch dropping back into its place will form a dead stop to the rounds of the
said ladder when it drops back.
The said clutch or clutches can be turned back by hand or may be provided
with a lever and wire leading to the bottom of the escape to effect the same
purpose, when it is desired, to lower the ladders.
To support the ladders in the van, I provide two long arms jointed to the
bottom of the van and carrying at their other ends a.cradle of the same width as
the main ladder, with rollers in each side upon which the sides of the ladder rest.
A support or frame fitted with suitable springs is provided in the van, on which
the weight of the cradle and ladders is borne.
A rope fixed to the upper ends of the arms where they join the cradle, passes over
a wheel or roller and thence to a drum, as described in my specification No 1165
of 1884, so that by turning the drum the wire is wound thereon and raises the
arms and cradle with the ladders resting thereon, into an upright position.
The rollers.on the cradle enable it to run down the ladders easily and without
friction when they are being thus raised, and the cradle is hinged to the arms, so
that it always remains parallel to the ladder.
15
نسية
ليم
1100-
AMBROSE MYALL,
Agent for the Applicant.

page_text: Improvements in Fire-escapes and in Vans therefor.
I, GEORGE BRAY of 54 Princes Street, Deptford, in the county of Kent, wheel-
wright, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement:-
My present invention consists essentially of improvements upon my invention
for which Letters Patent were granted to me bearing date January 10th 1884
and numbered 1165. And the said improvements consist of the following additions
or alterations in the details of construction of fire-escapes, ladders and vans made
according to the specification of my herein before recited Letters Patent; but
certain of such improvements are also applicable to ordinary fire-escapes, ladders
and vans.
In order to provide a continuous bearing or support for the sliding ladders,
I fix to the underside of each side of the main ladder by means of clips, brackets,
or other suitable devices a long strip formed of wood or other suitable material.
Such strip is fixed at a sufficient distance below the said sides to allow room for
the second or sliding ladder to travel freely, and I provide in the lower edges
of the sides of the said ladder, small rollers to travel upon the said continuous
strips. I also provide rollers in the form of rotating sleeves upon the ends of
certain of the rounds of the main ladder, so that the upper edges of the sides of the
sliding ladder may travel freely when in contact therewith.
The sliding ladder is thus provided with a continuous bearing both above and
below.
It will clearly be seen that a precisely similar arrangement of continuous strips
and rollers can be attached to the sliding ladder, so that a third ladder can in like
manner slide beneath it, and so on to any desired number of ladders.
To the innerside of the underside of the main ladder and each of the sliding
ladders, I affix a shoot of any suitable material, such as wire-gauze.
The continuous strips just described are within the shoot of the particular
ladder to which they are attached and the shoots slide one within the other
when the ladders are closed. .
An advantage of this construction is that a continuous shoot from the top to
the bottom of the ladders is always available to whatever height the ladders inay
be extended. Truss irons or struts, carrying wire rope ties, are attached to the
sides of the ladders in the same manner as in my herein before recited specification
No 1165 of 1884, so that they will allow the shoots to telescope clear of the
said struts and ropes; that is to say, that the shoot affixed to each ladder is placed
within the struts and ties belonging to that ladder.
The aforesaid strips upon which the ladders slide, also act as guards from the
clips or brackets, so that there will be no projections to catch persons sliding down
the shoots.
At the top of the main ladder and at the top of each sliding ladder, except the
last of the series, I provide on each side, supported in suitable bearings, a roller to

page_text: support the ladder sliding therein, as the continuous strips in practice are not
required to be carried to the extreme ends of the ladders.
The last few rounds at the bottom of the main ladder are removed, as in the
usual way, to enable persons coming down the shoot to make their exit therefrom,
and I also remove a similar number of rounds from the bottom of each sliding
ladder, and instead of providing a cross-bar on the bottom ends of the sliding
ladders I place such cross-bar at or about the position of the lowest round, so that
the apron at the bottom of the shoot may be always extended and persons can
thus leave the shoot even when none of the ladders are raised from their normal
position.
At the top of the ladder forming the last of the series, I provide a suitable
projecting metal bar or bars to prevent the shoot being injured by a gutter or
other projection on the face of a building against which the ladder may be placed.
Instead of constructing the main ladder so that it forms a part of the frame of
a fire escape as is the usual custom, I prefer to construct such frame quite inde-
pendently, and to fix the main ladder therein by any suitable devices.
To enable persons to descend the shoot with safety, I provide an endless rope,
one half being within the shoot and the other half outside the ladders. At the
top of the ladders the rope passes between the top cross-bar and a roller parallel
thereto, but pivotted eccentrically and provided with a lever handle so that the
rope can be gripped between such roller and cross-bar, and the rate of descent of
a person clinging to the rope can be regulated by a man at the top of the ladder
by means of the lever handle, a brake of similar construction may also be fixed on
the carriage at the bottom of the ladder, so that the rope may be worked either
from the top or the bottom.
I usually prefer to provide the said endless rope with numerous loops at suitable
distances, so that persons can place their hands and feet in such loops, and thus
retain their hold of the rope without difficulty.
In place of the arrangement for extending the ladders described in my previous
specification No 1165 of 1884, I now provide the axle-tree of the fire-escape with
a long sleeve capable of rotation thereon and in order to place such sleeve in
position on the axle-tree, I prefer to make one or both of the collars on the
said axle-tree loose or shifting.
Upon the centre of such sleeve I affix a worm-wheel, and I support in suitable
bearings, rigidly connected with the axle and frame of the escape, a tangent screw.
(preferably formed with a double thread) to engage with the teeth of the said
worm-wheel.
Upon the outer ends of the sleeve upon the axle-tree, I affix drums, from which
ropes pass over pullies fixed to the frame of the escape near the bottom of the
main ladder, the ropes are then led upwards, and pass over pullies at the top of
the main ladder, when they are led downwards again and securely fastened to the
heel of the first sliding ladder.
In practice however, I now generally prefer to lead the ropes from the drums
directly to the pullies at the top of the main ladder and thus to dispense with the
aforesaid pullies on the frame at the bottom of the main ladder.
The shaft of the tangent screw is provided with a handle similar to that
described for the like purpose in my specification No 1165 of 1884, or of any other
suitable form.
It is obvious that on the rotation of such handle the ropes will be wound on or
off the drums, and the ladder raised or lowered thereby. No ratchet or clutch is
required, as the tangent screw and worm wheel will retain the ladders in any
desired position.
When two sliding ladders are employed, a rope is affixed at one end to the top
of the main ladder, passes over a pulley on the top of the first sliding ladder and
is affixed to the heel of the second sliding ladder, so that when the first sliding
ladder is raised as before described the second sliding ladder will be simultaneously'
extended...
C

page_text: '
The same arrangement may obviously be employed in connection with any
further number of sliding ladders desired.
To raise the ladders when only one or two are used, I may employ a spindle
with drums journalled in arms fixed to the frame of the carriage (not to the heel
of the ladder) the said spindle being worked by cog wheels and a handle or wheel
like a steering wheel and provided with a ratchet and pawl or other suitable form
of clutch.
To ensure a certain amount of elasticity of connection between the ladders and
frame and the wheels, when the fire escape. is travelling with the ladders in a
nearly vertical position; I affix to the axle-tree, two curved bars, preferably of
tec-section, and I provide the ends of such curved bars with apertures, or other
suitable devices, to slide upon guides fixed to the frame of the escape, and I supply
such guides with spiral springs, above the ends of the curved bars, so that the
weight of the ladders and fraine, when in a vertical or nearly vertical-position, is
borne by such spiral springs.
In place of, the said arrangement, I prefer however in practice to affix a frame
to the curved bars aforesaid, and to provide on the main ladder a similar frame to
slide in suitable guides on the first mentioned frame and be supported at the
foot by a plate spring or other suitable spring or springs. Springs may also be
interposed between the two frames to take the weight of the ladder when in a
horizontal position.
In place of constructing the ladder sides of timber and metal in two or more
parts, as described in my specification No 1165 of 1884, I may sometimes prefer
to construct them of one piece of timber as in the ordinary way, but I wish it to
be understood that in that case I still adhere to the mode of fixing the rounds to
the sides as therein described, as by that means I avoid weakening the sides of the
ladders, as is done when large holes are formed in them to receive the ends of the
rounds in the usual way, and I also employ the same system of trussing for such
ladder sides as described in the said specification No 1165 of 1884.
To prevent the ladders falling when extended, through the breakage of the rope
or other cause, I provide on the top of the main ladder, and of each sliding ladder,
except the last of the series, a clutch or clutches jointed to the cross-bar, so that
as the ladder rises the rounds in the ladder will push past the clutch in rising and
the clutch dropping back into its place will form a dead stop to the rounds of the
said ladder when it drops back.
The said clutch or clutches can be turned back by hand or may be provided with
a lever and wire leading to the bottom of the escape to effect the same purpose,
when it is desired to lower the ladders.
The mode in which I prefer to arrange such lever and wire in practice is as
follows: I fix a grooved pulley upon the end of the shaft or axis carrying the
clutch or clutches, a wire passes over the pulley and is attached at one point
thereto. One end of the wire has a spring attached to it and is permanently fixed
to the side of the ladder so that this spring tends to keep the clutches upright
and out of contact with the ladder rounds, the other end of the wire is provided
with a spring of double the strength of the former, which by means of a catch or
fastening can be secured to the bottom of the ladder, and when so secured, by
reason of the difference of strength in the springs the clutches are held down. As
the ladders rise, each round in passing lifts the clutches, but the strong spring
brings them down ready to stop the ladders should anything give way. When the
ladders are to be lowered, the strong spring is released, when the clutches fly up
clear of the rounds.
"
I extend the sides of the top sliding ladder at their upper ends to form hand
rails or posts, and I find it convenient in practice to attach small hand lanterns to
the ends of such posts.
.
To support the ladders in the van I provide two long arms jointed to the bottom
of the van and carrying at their other ends a cradle of the same width as the
main ladder, with rollers in each side upon which the sides of the ladder rest.
.

page_text: t
beneath or behind the sides c c of the, main ladder. Similar strips a¹ a¹ are
affixed by.brackets ¹ to the sides of the said sliding ladder to support the sides c² c²
of a second sliding ladder. An escape may be constructed on my system with
more than two sliding ladders in addition to the main or fixed ladder, but in
practice this number is generally found sufficient.
☐ I
Small rollers d are seated in the sides of the sliding ladders to enable them to
travel freely Rotating sleeves e are also provided upon certain of the rounds of
the main and first sliding ladders, to bear against the upper edges of the sides
of the first and second sliding ladders.
་
Wire-gauze shoots fƒ¹ƒ, are affixed to the sides of the main and sliding ladders
respectively. As will clearly be seen on reference to Figure 9 the strips a a a¹ a¹
are within their respective shoots, and the truss irons gg'g and stay lines h h h
are without the same shoots, with the advantages as hereinbefore described.
iii¹¹Figure 11, are rollers carried in head-irons at the top of the main and
first sliding ladders to support the ladder beyond the termination of the strips a a
a¹ a¹
Figures 4, 5 and 7 shew how a few rounds are omitted from the bottoms of the
ladders, and cross-bars j j¹² placed at the tops of the openings so formed, so that
the apron can always remain extended at the bottom of the shoot, as before
described.
An arrangement of metal bars k is placed on the end of the top ladder to form
a guard to the shoot, and the sides of such ladder are prolonged to form hand-posts
or rails ll.
m m are small lanterns affixed to the said posts.
In Figure 11 n is a roller pivotted eccentrically on the top cross-bar o of the top
ladder, a handle p is affixed to the roller so that it can be caused to grip an endless
rope-indicated by dotted lines-which passes between it and the said cross-bar,
as before described.
In figures 12 and 13, r is the axle-tree, of the escape with a sleeve s, capable of
rotation thereon.
The worm-wheel't and drums u u are affixed to the said sleeve.
A worn or tangent-screw v mounted in bearings v¹² and provided with a
handle gears with the worm-wheel t. Wire ropes w, w, are fixed to the bottom
of the first sliding ladder, and pass over pulleys w₁ w₁ at the top of the main ladder
directly down to the drums u, u, upon which they are wound. The second sliding
ladder is worked in connection with the first sliding ladder in the manner
previously described.
is a frame attached to the axle-tree by means of the curved bars x¹. .x² is a
similar frame affixed to the main ladder, and sliding in guides upon the frame x.
y is a double plate spring interposed between the bottoms of the frames x and x¹
to take the weight of the ladders when in a vertical position, and are springs
interposed between the sides of the said frames, to take the weight when in a
horizontal position.
In Figures 10 and 11, clutches 22 are shewn fixed to an axis 3 supported in
bearings on the top cross-bar of the main ladder. A grooved pulley 4 is keyed on
the said axis, a thin wire rope passes over the pulley and is affixed thereto at the
point 5. One end of this wire rope is attached to a spring 7, which is fixed to the
side of the main ladder. The other end of the rope-shewn detached in Figure 10ª
is provided with a spring 8 of about twice the strength of the spring 7.
A rod 9 terminating in a hook or handle and sliding in a guide on the lower
end of the side of the ladder is affixed to this spring 8 and. can be drawn down and
hooked over the projection 10.
When so fixed, the clutches are in the position shewn by the full lines; they
will rise to allow the rounds of the ladders to pass them in going up but will not
allow the ladders to descend.
When it is required to lower the ladders, the strong spring 8 is released, when
the weaker spring 7 immediately pulls the clutches into the position shewn by the

page_text: dotted lines, clear of the rounds. A similar arrangement of clutches is shewn as
applied between the first and second sliding ladders.
In Figure 14, Sheet 6, 11 is the body of the fire-escape van, supported upon
wheels 12 and 13 in the usual way, the escape is shewn in position on the van by
the dotted lines 14. 15 are the two long arms, forming the cradle, pivotted at 16
to the standards 17. The bearings at 16 may, if desired, be carried on springs as
shewn and described in my aforesaid specification No 1165 of 1884. The outer
ends of the cradle are connected by one or more curved bars 18 and are provided
with rollers 19, for the ladder sides to travel upon when being raised or lowered.
20 is a drum journalled in bearings on the bottom of the van, the axis projects
through the side of the van and is provided with a winch handle 21. A similar
handle may be placed on the other side of the van if found necessary.. A wire
rope shewn by the dotted lines 22, is affixed to the inner and short ends of the
cradle 15. Two or three turns of the rope are taken round the drum 20 and the
other end is hooked to the axle-tree of the escape at 23. Two or more such ropes
may be employed if desired.
When the drum is rotated by the handles the rope will pull down the short ends
of the cradle, and the long ends in rising will lift the escape.
As the escape
descends the incline 24 from the van into the road, the weight of the escape will
assist to rotate the drum and lift the ladders.
It will be found that by means of this apparatus the escape will be brought into,
or nearly into balance, and it can then be worked by the levers at the foot in the
usual way.
To get the escape into the van, the rope is hooked on to the axle-tree and it is
hauled up the incline by the drum, the ladders resting on the end of the cradle
being gradually lowered at the same time.
In conclusion, I wish it to be understood that I do not necessarily confine myself
to the precise details of construction herein shewn and described.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is :-
(1.) The construction of fire-escapes, ladders and vans, substantially as herein
shewn and described.
(2.) In a fire-escape, having ladders sliding beneath and behind one another, the
combination with each ladder of a shoot to form a continuous telescopic shoot,
substantially as and for the purposes herein shewn and described.
(3.) In a fire-escape having ladders sliding beneath and behind each other, the
combination therewith of continuous strips to support the said sliding ladders,
substantially as herein shewn and described.
(4.) In a fire-escape having ladders sliding beneath and behind each other, and
continuous strips to support the said sliding ladders, the combination there with of
rollers seated in the ladder sides to travel upon the said continuous strips,
substantially as herein shewn and described.
(5.) In a fire-escape having ladders sliding beneath and behind each other, the
combination therewith of rotating sleeves upon the rounds of the ladders,
substantially as and for the purposes herein shewn and described.
(6.) In a fire-escape having ladders sliding beneath and behind each other and
continuous strips to support the said sliding ladders, the combination therewith of
rollers in bead-irons at the tops of the ladders, substantially as and for the purposes
herein shewn and described.
(7.) In a fire-escape having sliding ladders, providing an opening at the foot of
each ladder, with the cross-bar at the top of each such opening, substantially as
and for the purposes herein shewn and described.
(8.) In a fire-escape having sliding ladders, and a continuous shoot, the combi-
nation therewith of a frame at the head of the top ladder substantially as and for
the purposes herein shewn and described.

page_text: (9.) In a fire-escape having sliding ladders, the extension of the sides of the
top ladder to form hand-posts, substantially as herein described and shewn.
(10.) In a fire-escape, the combination therewith of an endless rope, with or
without loops, and an eccentric roller brake, substantially as and for the purposes
herein shewn and described.
(11.) In a fire-escape having sliding ladders, the combination therewith of the
arrangement of a sleeve upon the axle-tree, tangent screw, worm-wheel and
drums for the purpose of extending and closing the ladders, substantially as herein
shewn and described.
(12.) In a fire-escape, the attachment of the axle-tree thereto, by means of
curved bars, guides and springs substantially as and for the purposes herein
described.
(13.) In a fire-escape the attachment of the axle-tree thereto by means of
double frames, guides, and bottom and side springs, substantially as herein shewn
and described.
(14.) In a fire-escape, having sliding ladders, the combination therewith of
clutches to prevent the fall of the ladders, substantially as herein described.
(15.) In a fire-escape, having sliding ladders, the combination therewith of
clutches fitted with pulleys, wires and springs to prevent the fall of the ladders,
substantially as herein shewn and described.
(16.) In a fire-escape van, the combination therewith of the arrangements for
raising and lowering the escape, substantially as herein described.
(17.) In a fire-escape van, the combination therewith of the modified arrange-
ments for raising and lowering the escape, substantially as herein shewn and
described.
Dated this 8th day of January 1886
AMBROSE. MYALL, C.E.,
Agent for the Applicant.