IMPROVEMENTS IN THE FORM AND MANNER: OF WINDING YARNS WHETHER SINGLE OF MULTIPLE FOR CONVENIENCE OF CARRIAGE, AND FOR FACILITY IN ADMED
Year: 1869

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James Cheetham, of Chadderton, in the County'
of Lancaster, Merchant and Millowner, for the Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE FORM AND MANNER: OF WINDING YARNS WHETHER
SINGLE OF MULTIPLE FOR CONVENIENCE OF CARRIAGE, AND FOR FACILITY IN
ADMED PRO
Sealed the 20th August 1869, and dated the 26th February 1869.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James Cheetham at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
26th February 1869.
1, JAMES CHEETHAM, of Chadderton, in the County of Lancaster,
Merchant and Millowner, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE FORM AND MANNER. OF WINDING YARNS
WHETHER SINGLE 'OR MULTIPLE FOR CONVENIENCE OF CARRIAGE, AND FOR FACILITY
IN UNWINDING IN THE AFTER PROCESSES," to be as follows:-
Hitherto in winding yarns for certain markets, as for example, for
conveyance from the spinning to the hosiery districts it has been
Price 8d1

page_text: customary to wind the yarn on spools, which spools, that the yarn may
unwind easily, require to be large and bulky, constituting thereby a
considerable item in the expense of carriage and loss in transmission.
Instead of winding the yarn on spools which need to be conveyed, as well
as the yarn, I make my bobbins in two or more parts, so that when the
material has been wound upon them they may be removed and the yarn
transmitted without them or with a simple core. The form in which I
propose to wind the yarn constitutes when finished a cylinder solid in
every respect except the part which was filled by the bobbin, the yarn or
thread being so frequently crossed in the winding that it will retain its
bulk and form as well without the spool or bobbin as with it. In like
manner with reference to the jute market yarns are conveyed in hanks
which require to be wound afterwards. In this case I wind the jute
upon bobbins as above described which I remove before transmission,
and it is conveyed in a wound form. It is also customary to send yarns
to be bleached in hanks; instead thereof I wind them as above described
and send them in the cylindrical form.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said James Cheetham in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 26th August 1869.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JAMES
CHEETHAM, of Chadderton, in the County of Lancaster, Merchant and
Millowner, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-sixth day of February, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-nine, in the
thirty-third year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said James Cheetham, Her special licence
that I, the said James Cheetham, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, or such others as I, the said James Cheetham, my executors,
adininistrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others,
from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein
expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend,
within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel

page_text: upon
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE FORM
AND MANNER OF WINDING YARNS WHETHER SINGLE OR MULTIPLE FOR CONVENIENCE
OF CARRIAGE, AND FOR FACILITY IN UNWINDING IN THE AFTER PROCESSES,"
the condition (amongst others) that I, the said James Cheetham, my
executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or
their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and
ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the
same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great
Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately
after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said James Cheetham, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement :-
Hitherto in winding yarns for certain markets, as for example, for
conveyance from the spinning to the hosiery districts, it has been
customary to wind the yarn on spools, which spools, that the yarn may
unwind easily, require to be large and bulky, constituting thereby a
considerable item in the expense of carriage and loss in transmission.
Instead of winding the yarns on spools which need to be conveyed as
well as the yarn, I make my bobbins in two or more parts so that when
the material has been wound upon them they may be removed and the
yarn transmitted without them. The form in which I prefer to wind the
yarn constitutes when finished a cylinder solid in every respect except.
the part which was filled by the bobbin being so frequently crossed in
the building that it will retain its bulk and form as well without the
spool or bobbin as with it. In like manner with reference to the jute
market yarns are conveyed in the hank which require to be wound after
wards. In this case I wind the yarn upon bobbins as above described
and it is conveyed in a wound form. It is also customary to send yarns.
to be bleached in the hank; instead thereof I wind them as above
described and send them in the cylindrical form.
And in order that my Invention may be more fully understood and
more readily carried into effect I will now proceed to describe the same,
reference being had to the accompanying Drawing in which Figure 1
represents an end elevation of my lap when finished for transmission ;
Figure 2 a plan or elevation of the same; Figure 3 represents a plan of

page_text: the bobbin in two halves upon which such a lap may be wound and
removed when so wound; Fig. 4 is a plan of the winding machine;
Figure 5 is a front elevation thereof, and Figure 6 is an end elevation
thereof; Figure 7 represents the winding drum and bobbin adapted to
each other when ends are used upon the bobbins; and Figure S
represents the form of spool and thread thereon formerly employed. The
machine shewn in Figures 4 and 5 is adapted to produce the lap of yarn
shewn in Figures 1 and 2
machine shewn in Figures 4 and 5 is adapted to produce the lap of yarn
shewn in Figures 1 and 2
a is the framing of the machine; b, the lap drum fast on the spindle c,
which revolves in bearings in the framing. It receives motion through
the band pulley d also fastened upon the spindle c. A pinion e fastened
upon the spindle gives motion to the bevil upon the heart wheel
shaft g. To this shaft is fastened, so as to revolve with it, the heart
wheel which moves the slide by means of the antifriction
rollers ³, h³, upon the studs h, h, fastened therein. This slide h¹ also
moves the guide shaft by means of a cross slot into which a finger
fastened on the guide shaft takes and by which it is made to partake of
the movement of the slide. The yarn guide he is so placed on the guide
shaft h that it is at liberty to rise as the lap increases in diameter as the
yarn is rolled or wound upon the spools, which is carried upright in the
slides in the framing s. The spool s is shewn without an end upon the
machine in Figures 4, 5, and 6, with ends in Figures 3 and 7, and
empty so as to show more clearly the crossings of the first layers of the
yarn. These crossings I regulate by the proportion of the wheels e
and f, which when they are prime numbers both cause. the thread to
cross the spool and place each succeeding layer in a new place along the
surface thereof. The lapping of each succeeding layer upon a gradually
increasing diameter has a tendency to produce a lap of the form shown
in the Drawing, Figures 1 and 2, that is to say, a lap becoming slightly
narrower as it increases in diameter. It is sometimes desirable to
increase this tendency, and in such case I make the heart wheel of
a conical form and either cause it to traverse upon its spindle or cause
the finger or antifriction roller to travel upon its surface during the
formation of the lap. To prevent the innermost layers of yarn from
being withdrawn by the removal of the spool or arbor from the lap when
finished, I place a layer of paper s² around it as shewn in Figure 1 and
shown in section Figure 3, and in dotted lines in Figure 2. This paper

page_text: retains its form when the spool or arbor is withdrawn and is transmitted
with the lap. The same object may be gained by applying paste or
other adhesive substance to the first layers, but I prefer the layer of
paper as shown in the Drawing. The bobbins or spools or arbors for
easier removal I make of two or more pieces. One form of this I show
at Fig. 3 where one half is screwed within the other. I am thus
enabled to remove the spools although they are furnished with ends after
the lap has been wound upon them. This of course may be varied as
the ends may be screwed on the spool instead of one half of the spool
within the other half. The spool may also be formed in sections which
are held in position by the ends screwed upon them, and when the ends
are unscrewed the sections being released will fall inwards and thus free
themselves from the wound lap. These various forms I should, however,
account as modifications of this portion of my Invention. The lap thus
formed and wound upon bobbins thus removable enable me to dispense
with the cumbrous spool or bobbin on which hitherto the yarn has been
wound, and which as shown at Figure 8 bulks very largely in proportion
to the yarn wound upon it, increases the cost of transmission, and
subjects the trade to contingencies and losses both in going and returning.
By my method also the unwinding is equally easy as the yarn may be
removed from the lap either from within or from without, whilst when
it is necessary that it should undergo the process of bleaching, or any
kindred operation, the mass obtainable on my plan, and the handiness of
the form in which it is wound, render it a vast improvement over the
forms now adopted and used. Bobbins similar to those removed may
also be replaced after the material has reached its destination for the
purpose of creeling, as in such cases the lap must revolve.
Having now described the nature of my Invention, and the manner in
which the same is to be performed, I declare that I claim as secured to
me thereby,
First. The form and manner herein described and shown whereby
yarn may be lapped upon spools, bobbins, or arbors, and these be
removed previous to transmission for after operations, and if thought
desirable be replaced by others on reaching their destination.
Secondly. The forms of spools, bobbins, and arbors described and
shown for the purpose of being more easily removed.
Thirdly. The combination of machinery or apparatus whereby. the

page_text: In witness whereof, I, the said James Cheetham, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Twentieth day of August, in the year
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-nine.
Witness,
WILLIAM ROBERTSON,
Engineer,
17, Queen's Chambers,
Market Street,
Manchester.
JAMES CHEETHAM. (L.S.)