AN IMPROVEMENT OR IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PAPER
Year: 1852

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to George Lloyd, of the Parish of Budbrooke, in
the County of Warwick, Doctor of Medicine, for the Invention of
"AN IMPROVEMENT OR IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF
PAPER."
Sealed the 22nd December 1852, and dated the 13th October 1852.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said George Lloyd at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 13th October 1852.
I, GEORGE LLOYD. do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "AN IMPROVEMENT OR IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PAPER "
to be as follows:-
That the material of which I propose to manufacture paper consists
of various fibrous substances, which, collectively, are commonly known
by the names "grass" or "hay," but more particularly the grass
called dogs-tail-grass, cynosurus oristratus, and also the straw or stems
of common flax, which have been comminuted and digested by the
teeth and stomachs of the cow, in a word, from cow dung, the feculent
matter having been separated from the fibrous by maceration in water

page_text: and mechanical pressure, 'so as to preserve the same for use as liquid
The fibrous insoluble matter thus obtained is, after due
maceration in water and bleaching with chlorine or other substances,
ground into pulp by a suitable engine and made into paper.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said George Lloyd in the Great Seal Patent Office,
on the 10th March 1858.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I,
GEORGE LLOYD, of the Parish of Budbrooke, in the County of Warwick,
Doctor of Medicine, send greeting.
WHEREAS. Her present most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, hy
Her Letters Patent, bearing date the Thirteenth day of October, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-two, in the six-
teenth year of Iler reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give
and grant unto me, the said George Lloyd, Her especial licence that I,
the said George Lloyd, my executors, administrators, and assigns," or
such others as 1, the said George Lloyd, my executors, administrators,
and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from
time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein
expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend,
within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Chan-
nel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "AN IMPROVEMENT
OR IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PAPER," upon the condition
(amongst others) that I, the said Georgo Lloyd, by an instrument in
writing under my hand and seal, should particularly describe and
ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the
same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great
Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately
after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said George Lloyd, do hereby de-s
clare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same

page_text: is: to, be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in
and by the following statement thereof (that is to say):
11.17
My Invention.consists of making paper from the solid- excrement of
certain kinds of animals, the said 'animals having: been fed on certain
kinds of food, as herein-after particularly explained. 1 carry my Inven-
tion into effects as follows:-I'select for the food of the animals from
the excrement of which I make paper such vegetable matters as possess
-fibre of the greatest strength and finest quality, and which also contain
such other matters as make them-nutritious food for the said animals.
The vegetable materials which I have found to answer best for carrying
my Invention into effect are various kinds of grass, but especially the
kind called 'dogs-tail-grass (cynosurus crystatus), and also the straw or
stems, whether green or dry, of the common flax plant (linum usitatis-
simum), all of which, when cut into chaff and mixed in, varying pro-
portions, make a. highly. nutritious food and yield an excellent fibre. I
feed cows and. other ruminating animals with the said food, and by 'the
grinding of the said food during mastication, and the solution and assi-
milation by the digestive organs of the said animals of the solvent and
nutritious part of the said food, the vegetable fibre of the said food is
reduced to a state of division. about equal to that called in the
paper
manufacture "half.stuff," while the gluten, starch, gum; and the other
soluble matters which constitute the truly nutritious part of the said
food, and which require to be removed by artificial processes. in; manu-
facturing paper direct from the said vegetable matters, are effectually
separated from the vegetable fibre by the digestive processes of the said
animals, and instead of being wasted are economically used in the
feeding of the said animals. The feces or solid excrement of the sail
animals (which contains the whole of the vegetable fibre of the food of
the said animals) is collected in any convenient manner, and digested
for a few days in suitable tanks in three or four times its volume_of
water; the said water containing the soluble matters of the said excrement
is allowed to drain off' into other tanks, in which it may be either con-
centrated or diluted, or froni which it may be taken without "concentra-
tion or dilution, and used for manuring land, for which purpose it is
highly valuable, as it contains a large portion of the saline matters

page_text: which the vegetables had extracted from the soil, and which, together
with the excrementitious 'matter, is thus restored to it. The excrement,
after. the treatment last described, consists almost entirely of vegetable
fibre; it is next subjected to moderate mechanical pressure to remove
the adhering liquid, and is then exposed in closed vessels to the action
of steam for a few hours; it is afterwards again digested in water for
several days, the length of time necessary depending on the season of
the year and the consequent temperature; by this digestion a fermen-
tive process is induced, whereby the destructible tissues have been
decomposed and the pure vegetable fibre liberated. The said fibre is
then washed in water and afterwards bleached, by treatment in the
the usual way, with solution of chloride (hypochlorite) of lime or other
bleaching agent, and is finally ground into pulp and made into paper in
the usual way.
Having now described the nature of my said Invention, and the
manner in which the same is to be performed, I wish it to be under-
stood that I do not limit myself to the precise inethod of carrying iny
Invention into effect herein described, as the same may be varied
without departing from the nature of my said Invention.
But 1 claim as my Invention the manufacture of paper from vege-
table fibre obtained from the feces or solid excrement of herb-eating
animals
In witness whereof, I, the said George Lloyd, have hercunto
set my hand and scal, this Ninth day of March, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-three.
GEORGE LLOYD. (L.S.)
Witness,
GEORGE SHAW.