IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS APPLICABLE TO STEAM BOILERS FOR UTILIZING THE WASTE HEAT AND FOR ECONOMISING FUEL
Year: 1868

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Matthew Mackie and John Mackie, both of
Kilbirnie, in the County of Ayr, North Britain, for the Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS APPLICABLE TO STEAM BOILERS FOR UTILIZING
THE WASTE HEAT AND FOR ECONOMISING FUEL."
Sealed the 15th December 1868, and dated the 24th June 1868.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Matthew Mackie and
John Mackie at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 24th June 1868.
We, MATTHEW MACKIE and JOHN MACKIE, both of Kilbirnie, in the
County of Ayr, North Britain, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS APPLICABLE TO STEAM BOILERS
FOR UTILIZING THE WASTE HEAT AND FOR ECONOMISING FUEL," to be as follows,
that is to say:-
This Invention relates to an improved arrangement or construction
of apparatus to be used in connection with steam generators, and its
object is to utilize the heat of the waste gases of combustion by causing
their heat to be taken up by the feed water. The method by which this
object is effected consists in placing one or more suitably shaped metallic

page_text: vessels or chambers in the flues underneath or at the back end or other
part of the boiler, or in any one or more of these positions. The feed
water is forced into the chamber or chambers through a feed pipe, and
the chamber or chambers are connected by a pipe with the boiler below
the water level, so that the water may be forced into the boiler or boilers
through the chamber or chambers to supply the place of that which is
evaporated. When the boiler or boilers are sufficiently supplied with
water and the feed pump or injector is not in operation the water
vessels or chambers act as auxilaries in supplying steam to the boiler or
boilers. To effect this a second pipe is attached to the top of the vessels
or chambers and connected to the boiler or boilers above the water level,
so that the steam generated in the vessels or chambers passes into the
steam space of the boiler or boilers. When the feed pump is forcing
water into the vessels or chambers the connection between the steam
space in the boiler or boilers and the chambers is cut off by means of a
valve placed in the pipe, so that the feed water is not allowed to enter
the boiler except by the pipe which connects the chambers to the boiler
below the water level. By means of the above-mentioned apparatus a
great surface is exposed to the action of the heated gases as they pass
from the furnace to the chimney, so that the feed water is raised to a
high temperature before entering the boiler, and a great saving of fuel is
thereby effected.
L
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Matthew Mackie and John Mackie in the Great
Seal Patent Office on the 23rd December 1868.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, MATTHEW
MACKIE and JOHN MACKIE, both of Kilbirnie, in the County of Ayr,
North Britain, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her.
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-fourth day of June, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-eight, in the thirty-
second year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give
and grant unto us, the said Matthew Mackie and John Mackie, Her
special license that we, the said Matthew Mackie and John Mackie,
our executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as we, the said

page_text: Matthew Mackie and John Mackie, our executors, administrators,
or assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from
time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein ex-
pressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend,
within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Island, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS
APPLICABLE TO STEAM BOILERS FOR UTILIZING THE WASTE HEAT AND FOR
ECONOMISING FUEL," upon the condition (amongst others) that we, the
said Matthew Mackie and John Mackie, by an instrument in writing
under our hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be
performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office
within six calendar monthis next and immediately after the date of the
said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said Matthew Mackie and John Mackie,
do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention, and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement, reference being had to the accom-
panying Drawings, and to the letters and figures marked thereon, that
is to say:-
Our said Invention relates to an improved arrangement or construction
of apparatus to be used in connection with steam generators, and its
object is to utilize the heat of the waste gases of combustion by causing
their heat to be taken up by the feed water. The method by which this
object is effected consists in placing one or more suitably shaped metallic
vessels or chambers in the flues underneath or at the back end or other
part of the boiler, or in any one or more of these positions. The feed
water is forced into the chamber or chambers through a feed pipe, and
the chamber or chambers are connected by a pipe with the boiler below
the water level, so that the water may be forced into the boiler or boilers
through the chamber or chambers to supply the place of that which is
evaporated. When the boiler or boilers are sufficiently supplied with
water and the feed pump or injector is not in operation the water
vessels or chambers act as auxiliaries in supplying steam to the boiler or
boilers. To effect this a second pipe is attached to the top of the vessels
or chambers and connected to the boiler or boilers, so that the steam
generated in the vessels or chambers passes into the steam space of the
poiler or boilers. When the feed pump is forcing water into the vessels

page_text: or chambers the connection between the steam space in the boiler or
boilers and the chambers is cut off by means of a valve placed in the
pipe, so that the feed water is not allowed to enter the boiler except
by the pipe which connects the chambers to the boiler below water
level. By means of the above-mentioned apparatus a great surface is
exposed to the action of the heated gases as they pass from the furnace
to the chimney, so that the feed water is raised to a high temperature
before entering the boiler, and a great saving of fuel is thereby effected.
And in order that our said Invention may be properly understood we
now proceed more particularly to set forth the system, mode, or manner
in or under which the same is or may be used or practically carried into
effect, reference being had to the accompanying Drawings and to the
letters and figures marked thereon, that is to say :-
Figure 1 is a side elevation of an egg-end boiler with the flues drawn
in section showing one arrangement of the feed water heating apparatus;
Figure 2 is a plan of the same; Figure 3 is a vertical section on the
line A, B, Figure 1; and Figure 4 is a section on the line C, D,
Figure 1.
The apparatus consists of a series of pipes or chambers E, Figures 1
and 3, placed in the flue F under the boiler G, so that as the heated
gases pass away from the fire-grate H they impinge upon the water
chambers E, and the feed water contained therein is raised to a high
temperature. After the heated gases pass through the flue F they are
conducted through the opening I and circulate round the boiler G in the
flues J, Figures 1, 2, and 3, from which they pass into the flue K and
circulate round the water chambers L, where the heated gases are still
further utilised in heating the water contained therein, after which they
escape through the flue M into the chimney N, emerging from thence
into the atmosphere. The feed water is forced into the apparatus by
a pump or injector to which the feed pipe O, Figures 2 and 3, is con-
nected. This pipe communicates with the pipe P by the feed valve Q,
by which the water is prevented from flowing back into the pipe O when
the pump or injector is not working. The feed water is conducted by
the pipe P to the pipe R situated under the water chambers E, to cach
series of which it is connected by flanged joints, as shown in Figures 1
and 3. When the feed water has filled the chambers E it flows into the
pipe S which communicates with the water chambers L by a branched
pipe T which communicates with each of the horizontal-pipes U, to each

page_text: of which a row of vertical pipes L are fitted. The same arrangement is
followed at the top of the vertical pipes, and the water is collected from
the horizontal pipes V into the branch pipe W which is connected to
and passes into the boiler G, as shown dotted on Figure 1. Owing to
the great amount of heating surface in the chambers E and L the water
contained therein would be raised to a higher temperature than the
water in the boiler, and when starting to fire the latter steam might be
generated in the chambers E to a dangerous extent, to obviate that the
boiler G is connected to the water chambers E by a pipe X, Figures 1
and 3; by this means when the water in the chambers E is raised to a
higher temperature than that contained in the boiler, the water in the
latter being denser descends through the pipe X into the chambers E,
and the hotter water being of less specific gravity is forced into the
boiler by the pipe W. By this means a constant circulation of water is
maintained.
Figure 5 is a longitudinal section on the line A, B, Figure 6, which
is a plan showing another arrangement of the apparatus as it may
be applied in connection with Cornish boilers. In this arrangement
the chambers in which the fced water is heated consists of a series of
vertical pipes C connected at top and bottom to longitudinal pipes D, E.
The feed water is forced into the branch pipe F', which is connected to
each of the bottom longitudinal pipes E, from whence the water passes
through the vertical pipes C into the upper longitudinal pipes D, from
whence it is conducted by the pipe G into the egg-end boiler H which
acts as a reservoir from which the three boilers I, I, I, are supplied with"
water by the pipe R to replace that which is evaporated. The apparatus
is placed in a flue J situated between the boilers I and chimney K, and
the heated gases after circulating round the boilers in the flue L, as
indicated by arrows, pass through the opening M into the flue J and
circulate round the heating apparatus as they escape to the chimney K.
A spare flue O, Figure 6, may be provided by which the heated gases '
may escape to the chimney when it is necessary to close the flue J
during repairs or when cleaning the heating apparatus. The soot which
accumulates upon the vertical pipes C may be brushed off by a brush
which is passed through the doors or openings a formed in the frame P
which forms part of the roof of the flue J, as shown on Figure 5.
Having now described the nature of our said Invention, and the:
manner in or under which the same is or may be used or practically

page_text: carried into effect, we would observe in conclusion that what we
consider novel and original and therefore claim as the Invention secured
to us by the herein-before in part recited Letters Patent is,-
First. The arrangement of apparatus for the purpose of preventing
the loss of heat hitherto wasted and utilizing the same in heating the
feed water of steam boilers, as herein before described and shown in
Figures 1, 2, 3, and 4 of the accompanying Drawings.
Second. The attachment of the feed water heating chambers C with
the secondary boiler or reservoir H, as shown in Figures 5 and 6, and
herein-before described.
In witness whereof, we, the said Matthew Mackie and John
Mackie, have hereunto set our hands and seals, this Twenty-first
day of December, One thousand eight hundred and sixty-eight.
MATTHEW MACKIE. (L.S.)
JOHN MACKIE.
(L.S.)
MATTHEW MACKIE. (L.S.)
JOHN MACKIE.
(L.S.)