CERTAIN IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE PREPARATION AND COMBINATION OF COLOURS FOR PRINTING PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION
Year: 1855

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Jules Albert Hartmann, Chemist, of Mulhouse, a
Town in the French Empire, for the Invention of "CERTAIN IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE PREPARATION AND COMBINATION OF COLOURS FOR PRINTING
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Jules Albert Hartmann
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
14th September 1855.
I, JULES ALBERT HARTMANN, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PREPARATION AND COMBINATION OF
COLOURS FOR PRINTING STUFFS AND TEXTILE FABRICS" to be as follows:-
The Invention relates chiefly to the application of indigo upon vegetable
tissues or textile fabrics, in the state of a colour or colours fixed by the opera-
tion of steaming, and also in combination with other colouring matters.
obtain steam blues with indigo by means of deoxidized indigo and its mixture.
with alkalies, alkaline earths, alkaline carbonates, and other alkaline salts,
particularly the silicates, phosphates, borates, stannates, and soap. The colours
prepared with the pure alkalies may be printed out of contact of air by means
of a close or covered frame. I produce with indigo blues and indigo steam
blues the following colours, which are well adapted for printing upon cotton
prepared with an aluminous mordant:-Green, by mixing them with yellow
colouring matters, such as Persian berries or quercitron; violet, by mixing

page_text: them with the colouring matters of campeachy wood or other red colouring
matters, such as cochineal, extract of madder, or extracts of red woods; puce or
brown, by mixing them with extract of madder and other red colouring matters
in a concentrated state, such as extracts of red wood or sanders wood, with
or without the addition of catechu; greys, by mixing the aforesaid colours in a
diluted state in different proportions, according to the tint required; blacks, by
mixing the aforesaid colours in a concentrated state, and generally by mixing
the indigo steam blues with extract of campeachy, with or without catechu.
I also obtain puce by mixing the colouring matter of madder with cyanurets or
prussiates which afford a blue, by the steaming on cloth prepared with an
aluminous mordant, with or without the addition of other colouring matters.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed.
by the said Jules Albert Hartmann in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 3rd March 1856.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JULES
ALBERT HARTMANN, Chemist, of Mulhouse, a Town in the French Empire,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Fourteenth day of September, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-five, in the nineteenth year of
Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto
me, the said Jules Albert Hartmann, Her special licence that I, the said
Jules Albert Hartmann, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such
others as I, the said Jules Albert Hartmann, my executors, administrators,
and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to
time and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should
and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom
of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an
Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PREPARATION AND COMBINATION OF
COLOURS FOR PRINTING STUFFS AND TEXTILE FABRICS," upon the condition
(amongst others) that I, the said Jules Albert Hartmann, my executors or
administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their
hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the
said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause
the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.

page_text: не за дебатоето златоптать, по детеву
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is
to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement thereof (that is to say): :-
The Invention relates to the production of various steam colours from pre-
cipitated deoxidized indigo, and also from extracts of madder, and the prussiates
of potash or other prussiates. The precipitated deoxidized indigo may be
prepared by any of the known processes for that purpose, but I give the pre-
ference to the following processes and proportions :-
First preparation of precipitated deoxidized indigo.-Six pounds of indigo
are finely ground with three gallons of water, thirty pounds of quick lime are
mixed with twenty-five gallons of water, eighteen pounds of sulphate of iron
are dissolved in twenty-five gallons of water, and mixed with the twenty-five
gallons containing the quick lime, and the indigo is then added, and the whole
mixed and allowed to repose. Two gallons of the liquor are precipitated by
one pound of muriate of tin, obtained by mixing together equal parts of
muriatic acid and salt of tin; it is then filtered to collect the precipitate.
Second preparation of precipitated deoxidized indigo.-Three pounds of
indigo are ground with six and a half pints of water, and four gallons of water
are then added with nine pints and a half of solution of caustic soda, of specific
gravity 1.384 (water being 1.000). The mixture is then heated to the boiling
point, and four and a half pounds of salt of tin added, with twelve gallons of
boiling water. It is then precipitated by nine pounds of muriatic acid mixed
with nine pints and a half of water, and half a pound of molasses mixed with
two gallons of water. The mixture is allowed to settle, and is then filtered to
collect the precipitate.
I prefer to employ the first of these preparations for mixing with other
colouring materials to produce puce colours, and the second preparation
for other colours. I prepare blue steam colours, which are adapted for
being printed upon cotton and other textile fabrics and fixed by exposure to
steam, like other steam colours, by mixing the precipitated deoxidized indigo
with gum water, or other suitable thickener, with or without the addition of
alkali or alkaline salts. I prefer to employ the alkaline silicates or phosphates
or the ordinary carbonate of soda. I prepare various other steam colours by
mixing these steam blues with the ordinary colouring materials employed for
steam colours. Thus I obtain greens by mixing the aforesaid blues with the
colouring matter of Persian berries, or quercitron, or other yellow colouring
material. I obtain violet by mixing the blues with the colouring matter of
campeachy or other red woods, or cochineal or other red colouring matter. I

page_text: grey by
obtain puce by mixtures of the blues with concentrated red colouring matters,
particularly with the extracts of madder. I obtain various shades of
mixing the violets and greens in different proportions, or by mixing the deoxi-
dized indigo with catechu, or a little campeachy or other-red colouring matter,
in various proportions, according to the tint required. I produce black by
mixing two or three of the colours in a concentrated state, or by mixing the
indigo blue with campeachy. The following proportions-produce good colours:
For blue, I mix four pounds weight of precipitated deoxidized indigo and foun
pounds of gum water made from gum senegal, and one pound of solution of
silicate of soda, of specific gravity 1:16, water being 100; for violet, I mix
three pounds of precipitated deoxidized indigo (or a proportionate quantity of
the blue colour) with six pounds of gum water and two ounces of extract of
campeachy, of specific gravity 1.16; for green, I mix two pounds of precipi
tated deoxidized indigo, or a proportionate quantity of the blue colour, with
two pounds of gum water and one pound of extract of Persian berries,
of specific gravity 112; for puce, I mix three-ounces of powdered extract of
madder, of a strength equal to thirty times that of ordinary madder, with
twenty ounces of solution of gum senegal, and twelve ounces of solution of
ammonia, and eight ounces of precipitated deoxidized indigo. I also obtain
puce and brown steam colours by mixing the colouring matter of madder with
ferrocyanides and ferrideyanides, such as the yellow or red prussiates of potash.
Thus I make a mixture in all respects the same as that last herein-before
mentioned for puce, except that I substitute eight ounces of powdered yellow
prussiate or red prussiate of potash in lieu of the eight ounces of precipitated
deoxidized indigo. When employing the colours produced by mixtures' of
madder or extract of madder with indigo or the prussiates, it is necessary to
prepare or mordant the cloth or fabric with acetate of alumina. This is not
necessary for the other colours herein-before mentioned; but it is preferable to
employ the aluminous mordant for these colours also. The aluminous inordant
may be prepared in the ordinary methods, and, by preference, by mixing equal
parts of alum and white acetate of lead. The cloth is passed' through the
solution of acetate of alumina, which is afterwards fixed by solution of silicate
of soda, or in any other manner.
.
The operations admit of some variations. Thus, I sometimes add a little
salt of tin or acetate of alumina to the colours, especially when printing them
on ordinary cloth. I sometimes mix a little prussiate of potash with the indigo
colours, still retaining the indigo as the base or principal ingredient. I some-
times print the colours upon cloth prepared with a mixed aluminous and tin
mordant. I sometimes pašs the pieces of cloth after steaming through a solu-

page_text: tion of chromate of potash or other alkaline chromate. I also employ other
thickening materials in lieu of solution of gum senegal, such as solution of gum
tragacanth. In every case the colours are exposed to the action of steam after
printing, and are fixed by the steaming. They produce' good colours upon
cotton and other vegetable fabrics and also upon silk. The green particularly
is a good fast steam colour.
Having now described the nature of the Invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed, I wish it to be understood that what I claim is,-
Firstly, the production of a steam indigo blue colour for printing stuffs and
textile fabrics without the use of magnesia, by the combination of precipitated
deoxidized indigo with silicate of soda or other alkaline salt, and gum water or
other ordinary thickening material, and fixing the same by steaming, as herein-
before described.
Secondly, the production of a steam indigo blue colour for printing stuffs and
textile fabrics without the use of alkalies or alkaline earths or their salts, by
the combination of precipitated deoxidized indigo with gum water or other
ordinary thickening material, and fixing the same by steaming, as herein-before
described.
Thirdly, the production of a steam green colour for printing stuffs and textile
fabrics, by the combination of precipitated deoxidized indigo with extract
of Persian berries, or quercitron, or other yellow colouring material, and gum
water or other thickener, with or without the addition of silicate of soda or
other alkaline salt, and fixing the same by steam, as herein-before described.
Fourthly, the production of steam violets and puce colours for printing stuffs
and textile fabrics, by the combination of precipitated deoxidized indigo with
the colouring matter of cochineal or of campeachy or other red woods, and gum
water and other thickener, with or without the addition of silicate of soda or
other alkaline salt, and fixing the same by steam, as herein-before described.
Fifthly, the production of steam puce and brown colours for printing stuffs
and textile fabrics, by the combination of precipitated deoxidized indigo with the
colouring matter of madder and ammonia, and gum water or other thickener,
and fixing the same by steam, as herein-before described.
Sixthly, the production of steam puce and brown colours for printing stuffs
and textile fabrics, by the combination of the colouring matter of madder with
the ferrocyanides and ferrideyanides, such as the yellow and red prussiates of
potash, and gum water or other thickener, and fixing the same by steam, as
herein-before described.
Seventhly, the production of greys and black and various shades of colours
for printing stuffs and textile fabrics, by the combination of the aforesaid blue,

page_text: green, violet, puce, and brown colours, or some of them, and fixing the same
by steam, as, herein-before described.
In witness whereof, I, 'the said Jules Albert Hartmann, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Twentieth day of February, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-six.
Witness,
CH. ARMENGAUD, Ing" Civil,
J. ALBERT HARTMANN. (L.S.)
No. 6, Rue Filles du Calvaire, à Paris.