Improvements in Pneumatic Tyres for the Wheels of Velocipedes and other Vehicles.
Year: 1893

page_text: Date of Application, 15th June, 1893
Complete Specification Left, 16th Oct., 1893-Accepted, 18th Nov., 1893
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Pneumatic Tyres for the Wheels of Velocipedes
and other Vehicles.
We, JOHN BOYD DUNLOP, Senior, of Talbot House, Blackrock, County Dublin,
Ireland, Veterinary Surgeon, and JOHN BOYD DUNLOP, Junior, of Talbot House,
Blackrock, County Dublin, Ireland, Student, do hereby declare the nature of this
invention to be as follows:-
:-
This invention relates to pneumatic tyres for the wheels of velocipedes and other
vehicles, and has for its object to so provide that the tread portion of the tyre is
strengthened, the friction between the tyre and the road surface is reduced and the
speed of the vehicle correspondingly increased.
The chief feature of our invention relates to the provision of a non-expansible
cover preferably of woven canvas having the weft or warp threads extending
circumferentially around the wheel and so woven and applied to the rim of the
wheel that the threads, whether warp or weft, which runs circumferentially round
the tread surface of the tyre shall be stronger, or thicker, or closer together than
the threads running transversely across the tyre.
The
We sometimes use an ordinary canvas cover having the threads extending
diagonally and secure on the outer pheripheral or tread surface thereof a strip or
band or bands of linen, silk, cloth or other suitable pliable material.
longitudinal threads of said strip or band are stronger, or closer, or stronger and
closer than the cross or transverse threads of the strip and those of the canvas cover
to which the strip is secured. Instead of a woven strip or band we sometimes use a
series of straight longitudinal threads held together by india rubber solution or
other cement without cross threads.
The strip or band may be made or woven endless and slightly shorter in
circumference than the largest circumference of the canvas cover in the tyre when
the latter is inflated, the result being that the tread surface of said cover is
slightly flattened when the tyre is pumped hard. The band is covered with rubber
as is usual.
When our improved strengthening band is used, the wear of the canvas
cover is to a great extent taken by the strong longitudinal threads of the band.
The tyre is moreover rendered firmer in a circumferential direction yet at the same
time owing to the absence or weakness of the cross-threads the lateral stiffness is
not increased.
D
1
T
1000
HASELTINE, LAKE
Co.,
45, Southampton Buildings, London, W.C., Agents for the Applicants.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Pneumatic Tyres for the Wheels of Velocipedes
and other Vehioles.
We, JOHN BOYD DUNLOP, Senior, of Talbot House, Blackrock, County Dublin,
Ireland, Veterinary Surgeon, and JOHN BOYD DUNLOP, Junior, of Talbot House,
Blackrock, County Dublin, Ireland, Student, do hereby declare the nature of this
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
This invention relates to pneumatic tyres for the wheels of velocipedes and other
vehicles and has for its object to so provide that the tread portion of the tyre is

page_text: strengthened, the friction between the tyre and the road surface is reduced and the
speed of the vehicle is correspondingly increased.
According to our invention we provide a non-expansible cover of woven canvas
or the like, having the threads which run circumferentially round the tread surface
of the tyre stronger or closer together and stronger than the threads running
transversely across the tyre.
These strong threads may be woven in the centre of the canvas cover in the
form of a strip, or a separate woven strengthening band or strip may be provided
the same being placed on or secured to the tread surface of the canvas cover.
The longitudinal threads of the band or strip are much stronger or closer
together than the cross threads thereof and are also stronger than the other threads
composing the canvas or non-expansible cover. Instead of a woven strip we
sometimes employ a series of straight or longitudinal threads held together by
india-rubber solution or other cement without cross threads.
The strip or band may be made or woven endless. In some cases we use two or
more strips or folds of canvas and thereby increase the number of longitudinal
threads which obviously is the equivalent of longitudinal threads which are stronger
or woven closer together.
In all cases the canvas cover, or, (when a separate band is used) the band, is
made short enough to have the effect of slightly flattening the canvas cover.
In a tyre so constructed a much greater tensional stress, obviously, falls on the
longitudinal threads at the tread than on the other longitudinal threads and on the
cross threads of the cover, therefore the threads are strongest or closer and stronger
where the tyre is subject to the greatest strain.
The longitudinal threads in the woven cover which are close to the rim are
subject to comparatively little stress and may be made comparatively weak or
dispensed with but we prefer in most cases to use these threads in order to have
the air tube better protected as well as to facilitate the manufacture of the tyre.
In order that our invention may be more clearly understood we will now describe
the manner of carrying it into practice.
In the accompanying drawings
Figure 1 is a cross section of a tyre fitted to a velocipede wheel rim for example
and provided with a strengthening band according to our invention.
Figure 2 is a view of a portion of the band without cross threads.
Figure 3 is a view of a portion of the band in which cross threads are used for
maintaining the longitudinal threads of the band in position.
Referring now to Figure 1, A is the rim of the wheel; B is the outer cover of
the pneumatic tyre; C is the air-tube thereof; and D is the inexpansible cover or
jacket surrounding said air-tube. E is an endless band or strip composed of longi-
tudinal threads E, E¹ held together by cement or solution as shown in Figure 2, or
held together by cross threads as shown at E' in Figure 3.
We sometimes secure the band to the canvas cover or jacket or we may leave it
loose on the canvas cover, the radial pressure of the air in the tyre keeping it in
position, or we may place the band on the outside of the rubber cover of the tyre,
said band being covered with a strip of rubber to protect it from wear on the road
surface.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what we
claim is :-
:-
1. In a pneumatic tyre a non-expansible woven cover or jacket having the
threads at the tread and extending circumferentially round the tyre stronger or
closer and stronger than the cross threads of said cover, substantially as, and for
the purposes, specified.
2. The combination, with a pneumatic tyre having a non-expansible cover or
jacket, of a strengthening band made of threads extending circumferentially round
the tread of the tyre, with or without weaker cross threads, and covered with rubber

page_text: or other suitable material to protect it from wear, substantially as, and for the
purposes, specified.
3. The combination, with a pneumatic tyre having a non-expansible cover or
jacket, of a strengthening band extending round the tread of the tyre stronger
longitudinally than the threads which run transversely across the non-expansible
cover and covered with rubber or other suitable material to protect it from wear,
substantially as and for the purposes, specified.
Dated this 16th day of October 1893.
HASELTINE, LAKE & Co.,
45, Southampton Buildings, London, W.C., Agents for the Applicants.