IMPROVEMENTS A DRIFICIAL RUTTIRD "
Year: 1874

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Daniel Hipkins, of Tipton, in the County of
Stafford, Provision Merchant, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS
A DRIFICIAL RUTTIRD "
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Daniel Hipkins at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
21st February 1874.
I, DANIEL HIPKINS, of Tipton, in the County of Stafford, Provision
Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL BUTTER," to be as
follows, that is to say :-
This Invention has for its object a method of manufacturing artificial
butter from the fat of beef, mutton, or pork, by which method the fat is
freed from organic impurities, the artificial butter so produced possessing
the cool smoothness on the palate peculiar to butter, and also to a great
degree its flavour, whilst it is free from any deleterious qualities.

page_text: In order to carry my Invention into effect I take beef fat, mutton fat,
or pork fat, or a mixture of two or all of them, which I melt in a
suitable vessel by means of steam or hot water without using the direct
action of fire, the fat is then allowed to settle and is drawn off to cool.
I afterwards submit it at a raised temperature to great pressure by
means of a screw, hydraulic or other suitable press for the purpose of
separating the "oleine" or softer part of the fat from the stearine or its
waxy part. The "oleine" obtained as described is then melted and
instantaneously reduced from a comparatively high to a much lower
temperature by suddenly immersing it in or floating it upon or violently
agitating or churning it in water, mixed by preference with a certain
proportion of salt, to which may be added a small quantity of acetic or
other suitable acid. After the operation of churning, the "oleine
having become set or solidified by the reduced temperature, it is removed
for the ordinary pounding process.
"
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Daniel Hipkins in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 13th August 1874.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, DANIEL
HIPKINS, of Tipton, in the County of Stafford, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-first day of February, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-four, in the
thirty-seventh year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and suc-
cessors, give and grant unto me, the said Daniel Hipkins, Her
special license that I, the said Daniel Hipkins, my executors, adminis-
trators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Daniel Hipkins, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with
and no others, from time to time, and at all times thereafter during
the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL BUTTEE," upon the condition

page_text: (amongst others) that I, the said Daniel Hipkins, my executors or
administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of
their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be
performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent
Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date
of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Daniel Hipkins, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement, that is to say :—
This Invention has for its object a method of manufacturing artificial
butter from the fat of beef, mutton, or pork, by which method the fat is
freed from organic impurities, the artificial butter so produced possessing
the cool smoothness on the palate peculiar to butter, and also to a great
degree its flavour, whilst it is free from any deleterious qualities.
In order to carry my Invention into effect I take beef fat, mutton fat,
or pork fat, or a mixture of two or all of them, which I melt in a
suitable vessel by means of steam or hot water without using the direct
action of fire; the fat is then allowed to settle and is drawn off to cool.
I afterwards submit it at a raised temperature to great pressure by
means of a screw, hydraulic, or other suitablo press for the purpose of
separating the "oleine" or softer part of the fat from the "stearine" or
its waxy part. The "oleine" obtained as described is then melted and
instantaneously reduced from a comparatively high to a much lower
temperature by suddenly immersing it in or floating it upon or violently
agitating or churning it in water mixed by preference with a certain
proportion of salt, to which may be added a small quantity of acetic or
other suitable acid. After the operation of churning, the "oleine "
having become set or solidified by the reduced temperature, it is
removed for the ordinary pounding process.
Having thus described the nature of my said Invention, and the
manner in which the same is to be performed, I wish it to be understood
that I make no claim to any of the processes herein described, or to tho
apparatus used in such processes, with the exception of that process
relating to the instantaneous cooling of the "oleine," by suddenly

page_text: immersing it in floating it upon or churning or otherwise agitating it in
cold water.
In witness whereof, I, the said Daniel Hipkins, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Tenth day of August, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-four.
DANIEL HIPKINS. (L.S.)