An Improved Stove and Fireplace.
Year: 1898

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
An Improved Stove and Fireplace.
I, JOHANN SCHUMANN, of 14, Bernardinerplatz, Lemberg, Galicia, Austria,
Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
The object of this invention relates to an heating apparatus with two smoke
exhausting pipes with adjustable opening, leading into the chimney, with the
object of dividing in a peculiar way the air rushing into the fire place.
The apparatus is composed of an envelope made of fire-proof material surrounded
by a sheet-iron casing. Within the fire-proof envelope, near the fore side of the
apparatus is a shaft holding the combustible, with a charging door and with at
its upper part a grate that only gives passage to a certain size of pieces of fuel,
small enough to insure a good running of the apparatus.
The bottom of the shaft is inclined and the shaft itself communicates in its lower
part, at the very bottom of the aforesaid incline, with the fire place. The fire
place is sited on a fire proof tile continuing the aforesaid incline and is limited
by the posterior side of the fire-proof lining. This fire-place is made in the shape
of an hopper and a rectangular opening rather narrow makes it communicate with
the inferior fire-place or kindling fire-place, this last one consisting in an inclined
grate on which are thrown shavings and wood, through a door in the side of the
apparatus. Under the last named grate is the ash box and a small pan in which
water can be poured from the outside through a bent pipe. Said pan carrying also
a discharge valve.
The ash box has a door with a hole through which the atmospheric air enters
the apparatus.
Above the upper fire place and lengthwise the charging shaft there is an empty
space through which the gas of the combustion passes and in that empty space,
against the rear part of the fire-proof lining is a suction pipe made red hot by the
gas; the very combustion chamber is above the aforesaid space and the metallic
pipe; it communicates through a flue at the upper part of the fire proof lining
with an exhaust pipe going to the chimney.
From the bottom of the ash box raises a pipe passing behind the rear part of the
fire proof lining, between the latter and its casing and ending in an exhaust pipe
running close by the one that communicates with the combustion chamber. The
air divides into two parts: one going direct to the exhaust pipe, the other, the
largest, goes through a pipe branching from the aforesaid pipe, into the exhaust
pipe alongside the fire proof lining, above the upper fire place where that air is
heated and goes into the combustion chamber in order to supply the required
amount of oxygen for the combustion of the smoke and unburned gases escaping
from the fire place.
The fire is kindled by the lower fire place or kindling fire place. The draft of
air soon sets fire in the upper fire place or main fire place; the fuel comes down the
shaft into the main fire place little by little as it is consumed. The two exhaust

page_text: pipes mentioned above, the one exhausting the burned gases, the other exhaust-
ing the air which did not go through the suction pipe run close together at the out-
let of the apparatus; they are more or less open by means of two rotary valves
mounted on the same axis and worked by a key, in such a manner that one of the
pipes being more or less closed, the other one opens the same quantity. This
arrangement allows the fire of the apparatus to be given more or less intensity.
When the exhaust pipe of the burned gases is completely shut, the smoke passes
through communicating pipes placed on both sides and outside the fire proof lining
and goes into the ash box where it mixes with hot air and steam generated in the
little pan into the ash box the mixture of gases is then led partly into the lower
fire place and partly into the exhaust pipe going to the chimney, which has its
opening entirely free when, as above described, the gas exhaust pipe is closed.
An apparatus which is called "respirator" is used in order to supply the dry
and hot air escaping through the space between the lining and the casing with the
necessary moisture with the purpose to render it breathable.
This little apparatus located on the upper part of the fire proof lining is com-
posed of a tank full of water in which revolve by means of helical blades acted upon.
by the ascending draft, small paddle wheels coated with an absorbing material,
and whose axis is hollow and provided with pipes bent in an appropriate manner
and through which the water lifted from the tank falls drop by drop on the absorb-
ing material of the paddle wheels where it evaporates.
Dated this 26th day of February 1898.
L. DUVINAGE,
Patent Agent, 8, Rue des Princes, Brussels, Belgium.
I, JOHANN SCHUMANN, of 14, Bernardinerplatz, Lemberg, Galicia, Austria,
Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement:-
The present invention relates to a heating apparatus, having two pipes for dis-
charging the smoke capable of being opened to an adjustable extent, and opening
into the chimney, and having for object to divide in a particular manner the air
flowing to the fireplace, in order to obtain a maximum efficiency from the fuel, and
a perfect regulation of the combustion.
In the accompanying drawings which are given by way of example this apparatus
is shown applied to a stove. Figure 1 shows the stove in elevation. Figure 2 is
a vertical elevation on the line rs of Figure 1. Figure 3 is a vertical section
on the line g-h of Figure 2. Figure 4 is a horizontal section on the line a-b of
Figure 2. Figure 5 is a horizontal section on the line c-d of Figure 2. Figure 6
is a horizontal section on the line e-f of Figure 2. Figure 7 illustrates in section
and in elevation a part of the internal walls of a light stove. Figure 8 is a detail
view showing the "respirator" in vertical section. This view also shows in eleva-
tion the wheel provided with vanes. Figure 9 is a vertical section of the same on
the line -¹ of Figure 8.
The parts constituting the heating apparatus of the stove, are the following:--
(1) The vertical trough S for receiving the fuel, and provided at its upper part
with the lattice D, and connected at its lower part to the fire-place proper F (upper
fireplace) by means of an inclined mouth or opening.

page_text: The grate arranged at an incination in the lower place.
(3) A small water reservoir placed in the ash pan.
(4) The ashpan with the door J.
(5) Several communication tubes with their outlets x-y.
(6) Suction tubes Q, and
on the
(7) Two tubes A, B, for discharging the smoke provided with a common valve a-b
and leading to the chimney. The heating is effected in the following manner: -
The discharge pipe A being completely opened, the fire lighter is ignited
grate R, by means of shavings, and the trough S is then filled with coal. The door J
of the ash pan is opened and the said door being connected with the valve M by a
connection not shown in the drawing, this last valve closes the pipe B, and an
arrangement of valves (not shown) fixed to the said connection closes also the
aperture y. The middle door as well as the two doors of the trough and of the
ashpan are closed after the fire is lit. The air for combustion enters the stove
through the aperture L of the door J, feeds the fire lighter and the latter lights
the coal which is situated on top of it, on the slot s―s. The coal in the fire-place F,
now enters into combustion (the fire lighter having meanwhile burnt out) and soon
heats the iron tubes Q. It is now time to regulate the fire and to utilise the other
discharge pipe B. For this purpose a valve common to the two discharge pipes
is formed by a disc a-b formed with apertures arranged in such a manner that the
closure more or less of one of the pipes, corresponds to a corresponding opening of
the other pipe. The disc is keyed on on axle m, which extends up to the exterior of
the front of the stove, where it is connected to a lever or pointer n provided with
a button which serves for operating the disc in one or the other direction for the
purpose of regulation. When the fuel in the fireplace F is in combustion, the dis-
charge pipe A is half closed and the pipe B is half opened at the same time. Now
the air passing into L and serving to feed the fire, divides below the grate in such
a manner that only about one-half of said air is utilised for feeding the fire, whilst
the other half escapes through the pipe B into the chimney. In any case the
greater portion of the air which escapes into the chimney is drawn in on its way
by the suction tubes Q, which are heated to redness, in order to draw into the coni-
bustion chamber C, the oxygen necessary for the combustion of the smoke and of
the gases which escape in an unburnt state from the fire. The coal burns with most
intensity on the slot s-s, at the inclined mouth of the trough S; the coal which
has been carbonised enters into combustion and as soon as it is consumed down to
a size corresponding to the width of the slot, it falls down through the said slot on
to the grate R, where it is completely burnt. The pieces of coal which are already
carbonised slide along the slot to the same extent, whilst the pieces of coal which
are behind the former, move nearer to a much greater heat and are forced before
breaking into flame, to first give up their volatile products, which readily separate
therefrom in order to burn later on upon the slot in the form of coke. In this
manner the coal is burnt in this heating apparatus in the most rational way, and
passes ultimately into the ash pan in the form of ashes. The upper fire con-
stitutes in this case the main fireplace, and the lower fire constitutes the secondary
fireplace. The division of the air corresponds to the position of the valve a-b,
and according to the greater or less division of the air the coal burns with more or
less intensity and the heating is more or less great. The necessary cleansing of
the grate is to be done about every five hours in the case of a fierce fire, and every
ten hours with an ordinary fire, and every twelve hours with a slow fire; it is
effected in the lower fireplace through the middle door as in an ordinary stove,
and even with greater facility, because the main fire is suspended freely above the
grate in such a manner that it is completely separated from the secondary fire.
The slot s-s formed by the refractory brick plate P may be arranged to suit the
nature of the fuel. This plate is formed with serrations or holes so as to cause a
stronger current of air to enter through the same.
In this heating apparatus care
should be taken that too large pieces of coal should not be put into the trough.
In order to comply with this principal condition there is arranged above the

page_text: trough, a fitting of lattice work D (Figures 2 and 6) the apertures of which will
not allow of the passage of pieces of coal of too large size for the proper working of
the fire. When the pipe A is completely closed, there is no fear of smoke escaping
from the stove into the room, because it enters at the top through the arrangement
of tubes at a, and is led at y into the ash pan. Here the smoke is mixed with hot
air, and with the vapour of water, which has been previously poured into a drawer
arranged in the ash pan, and is led partly into the fireplace F¹, and partly through
the discharge pipe B for the smoke into the chimney. The stove is provided with
an inner lining of refractory earth, and with an outer covering of sheet metal. If
the stove is to be of light construction, the sides of the said stove are provided at
their upper half with a coating of cement. For this purpose there is fixed to the
wall of the heating apparatus, a sheet metal lining having fine flutings, and upon
this sheeting there is fixed a metal cloth which in its turn receives a coating of
cement (Figure 7). By reason of the said sheet metal lining, the walls of the heat-
ing apparatus are able to expand freely without exercising any injurious influence
upon the coating of cement, so that the said coating will not crack and will be very
strong. With the object of imparting to the dry air, which may in certain cases
be super-heated, the moisture necessary to health, there is arranged around the top
of the stove, an automatic "respirator." This latter consists of a water reservoir U
(Figures 8 and 9) in which is a trough k, in this latter there is arranged a wheel
with vanes E, capable of rotating freely, and covered with an absorbent material.
This wheel is arranged in such a manner as to be set in motion by the air which
circulates between the heating apparatus and the sheet metal casing. Upon the
hollow perforated axle G, of this vane wheel, there are arranged bent pipes H of
suitable shape, through which the water drawn from the reservoir and passing
into the axle perforated with holes o, o, falls drop by drop upon the absorbent
material of the vane wheel and is evaporated therefrom. This respirator acts
better the hotter the air, but ceases to work when the stove is not heated beyond
a certain limit. The discharge pipes A and B for the smoke may be made of any
desired section according to requirements. They may also be separated one from
the other, but they are always provided with valves or registers connected together
in such a manner that, when one of the pipes is closed, the other pipe will be opened
to the same extent. A communication of this kind with closure between the heat-
ing apparatus and the chimney, either directly at the junction of the discharge
pipe with the stove, or generally at any point of the said discharge pipe or pipes,
may also be applied to the heating of boilers, cooking stoves and other heating
apparatus; and by means of this herein described arrangement of fireplaces and
systems of pipes, there may be realized the desired extent of admission of air for
combustion, and the exact regulation of the fire, and of the duration of its combus-
tion, and also the greatest possible combustion of the smoke.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is:-
(1) A heating apparatus applicable to ordinary fire-places, cooking .stoves, and
other heating apparatus, characterised by two discharge pipes A and B, opening
into the chimney and capable of being closed in such a manner that the closing of
one pipe will correspond to the opening of the other pipe; and by suction pipes Q
in intimate connection with the said smoke discharging pipes; these said various
pipes and valves having for object to divide at will the air for combustion and to
cause it to flow along two different paths with the object of effecting an exact
regulation of the fire, and of the duration of combustion, as well as a complete com-
bustion of the smoke and of the unburnt gases which escape from the fire, as set
forth.
(2) In the heating apparatus specified in Claim 1, the arrangement of two fire
places, of which one, the upper fireplace (main fire place) receives the air for com-
bustion through the slot ss (Figure 2), and the other one, the lower fireplace, is

page_text: arranged as a secondary fireplace with the grate R directly below the first mentioned
fireplace, and serves to ignite the said first mentioned fireplace, and to receive the
pieces of coal which on being burnt down to the size or width of the slot s, s, fall
on to the grate R where they are completely burned and serve to heat the air for
combustion, as set forth.
<
(3) In the heating apparatus specified in Claim 1, a respirator" consisting of a
water reservoir U and wheels with vanes covered with an absorbent material whilst
upon the hollow axle of the said wheels there are arranged small tubes which draw
water from the reservoir, and said vane wheels being set in motion by the circula-
tion of the air, as set forth.
(4) In the heating apparatus specified in Claim 1, a coating of cement covering
the inner walls in the case of iron stoves, consisting of a metallic cloth arranged
upon a thin and finely fluted sheet metal plate, in order that the expansion of the
iron walls of the stove shall not have any injurious effect upon the cement coating,
as set forth.
(5) In the heating apparatus specified in Claim 1, the arrangement, above the
trough at the aperture for the introduction of the fuel, of a lattice-work fitting D
whose interstices will allow of the passage of pieces of coal which are of a too large
size for the proper operation of the fire, as set forth.
(6) The improved stove substantially as hereinbefore described and as illustrated
in the accompanying drawings.
this 8th day of November 1898.
ROBERT E. PHILLIPS, Assoc. M. Inst. C.E., M.I. Mech. E.,
Chartered Patent Agent,
70, Chancery Lane, London, W.C., Associate Agent.