IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF BRUSHES USED FOR BRUSHING THE HUMAN OR OTHER HAIR, AND IN THE APPARATUS OR MEANS CONNECTED THEREWITH "
Year: 1865

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Casimir Roques, of Edinburgh, in the County of
Mid Lothian, North Britain, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
CONSTRUCTION OF BRUSHES USED FOR BRUSHING THE HUMAN OR OTHER HAIR,
AND IN THE APPARATUS OR MEANS CONNECTED THEREWITH
"
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Casimir Roques at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
25th January 1865.
I, CASIMIR ROQUES, of Edinburgh, in the County of Mid Lothian, North
Britain, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF BRUSHES USED FOR BRUSHING THE HUMAN OR OTHER HAIR,
AND IN THE APPARATUS OR MEANS CONNECTED THEREWITH," to be as follows, that
is to say :-
The Invention relates to certain improvements in the construction of
brushes used for brushing the human or other hair, but is more particularly
applicable to brushing long hair, such as that grown upon the heads of
females. The apparatus consists of a rod or shaft upon which a pulley is
rotated by the motion of a driving belt, the shaft or rod being furnished with
handles by which the operator holds the brushing apparatus against the head
of the person or object to whom it is applied. Upon the rod or shaft there is
also fixed a frame of metal or other suitable material, at each end of which a
roller is fixed; upon this frame the brush is stretched, and is caused to travel
upon the rollers by means of a belt passing from a pulley (connected and

page_text: driven by the driving pulley) on to one of the rollers which carry the brush.
When stretched the brush is in the form of an oblong with rounded ends, and
in travelling one of its sides is applied to the head of the person or to any
other object being brushed, so that in contradistinction to circular brushes
hitherto used, which tangle, twist, and break long hairs or filaments, the
present construction results in a continuously-travelling brush, by which these
difficulties are obviated, and hair.or, filaments of any kind or length can be
easily and efficiently brushed. The brush itself consists of a strip of leather
or other suitable material in which the bristles or wires are fixed.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Casimir Roques in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
15th July 1865.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, CASIMIR
ROQUES, of Edinburgh, in the County of Mid Lothian, North Britain, send
greeting.
'
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-fifth day of January, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-five, in the twenty-eighth year of
Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto
me, the said Casimir Roques, Her special license that I, the said Casimir
Roques, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I,
the said Casimir Roques, my executors, administrators, or assigns, should
at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all
times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully
might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of. Great
Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF BRUSHES USED FOR BRUSHING THE HUMAN
OR OTHER HAIR, AND IN THE APPARATUS OR MEANS CONNECTED THEREWITH," uроn
.the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Casimir, Roques, by an instru-
ment in writing under my hand and seal, should particularly describe, and
ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great, Sea
Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date
of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Casimir Roques,, do hereby declare the
nature of my said Invention, and in what, manner. the same is to be per-

page_text: formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement, reference being had to the accompanying Drawings, and to the
letters and figures marked thereon, that is to say:-
My said Invention relates to certain improvements in the construction of
brushes used for brushing the human or other hair, but is more particularly
applicable to brushing long hair, such as that grown upon the heads of females:
The apparatus consists of a rod or shaft upon which a pulley is rotated by the
motion of a driving belt, the shaft or rod being furnished with handles by
which the operator holds the brushing apparatus against the head of the person
or object to whom it is applied. Upon the rod or shaft there is also fixed 'a'
frame of metal or other suitable material, at each end of which a roller is
fixed; upon this frame the brush is stretched, and is caused to travel upon
the rollers by means of a belt passing from a pulley connected and driven by
the driving pulley on to one of the rollers which carry the brush. When
stretched the brush is in the form of an oblong with rounded ends, and in
travelling one of its sides is applied to the head of the person or to any other
object being brushed, so that, in contradistinction to circular brushes hitherto
used, which tangle, twist, and break long hairs or filaments, the present
construction results in a continuously-travelling brush, by which these diffi
culties are obviated, and hairs or filaments of any length can be easily and
efficiently brushed. The brush itself consists of a strip of leather or other
suitable material in which the bristles or wires are fixed.
And in order that my said Invention may be properly understood, I shall
now proceed more particularly to describe the system, mode, or manner in or
under which the same is or may be used or practically carried into effect,
reference being had to the several Figures upon the explanatory Sheet of
Drawings which I have hereunto appended, and in all of which similar parts
are indicated by corresponding letters of reference, that is to say:-
On the appended Sheet Figures 1 and 2 show a side and end elevation,
with some parts shown in section, of a brushing apparatus constructed accord-
ing to my said Invention, and more especially applied for brushing female
hair or other hair of any length, while Figure 3 shows a side elevation, with
the brush in section, of a similar constructed apparatus for brushing shorter
hair.
In Figures 1 and 2, the letter A represents a frame made of iron or other
suitable material and arranged as shown in the Drawing, or in any other con-
venient form. To one end of the said frame A a round shaft or rod C is
fixed in such a manner that it projects on both sides of the frame, thus forming
two separate shafts, each of which receives a roller B and B' revolving on it;"

page_text: the rollers B and B' may be made of wood or any other suitable material, and
of a size convenient for the purpose. At each side of these rollers is left a
projecting edge to prevent the slipping off of the brush which travels over
them; as will be herein-after more distinctly described. Into the other end
of the frame A the one end of a round shaft or rod D is screwed or fixed in
any other convenient way, or may be formed in one piece with the frame.
The other end of the shaft or rod D receives a handle fixed to it, and made
of
any suitable material and of any convenient size, by which and by another
handle E¹ fixed at and to the frame A, as shown in Figures 1 and 2, or in any
other suitable manner, and at any other convenient place. The apparatus
can be held by the operator while in motion between the handle E and the
frame A. A roller F made of wood or other suitable material, as shown in
Figures 1 and 2, and formed as there shown, or in any other convenient
manner, revolves on the round shaft or rod D; it serves like the rollers B
and B¹ for the brush belt to travel over, and to give motion to the same,
which is effected by a driving pulley G, shown in Figures 1 and 2, and 'fixed
firmly to the roller F, or formed in one piece with it, and likewise revolving
on the shaft or rod D, so that if the driving pulley is set in motion it causes
the roller F to move round in the same direction.
The brush shown in Figures and 2 by the letter H consists of a belt of
india-rubber, leather, or any other suitable material, the ends of which are jointed
together, thus forming a regular driving belt. On the outer side of this belt
brush hairs or wires are fixed into the material of which the belt consists, in
any convenient position. The inner side touches the rollers B and B', work-
ing like one roller on the one end and on a part of the roller F, lying in a
line with the former-named rollers B and B¹. If therefore the driving pulleys
D are set in motion by means of gearing moved by steam or other power
it causes the roller F, as before mentioned, to revolve also, and this consequently
imparts motion to the brush belt H, in which state the apparatus will be, in
working condition.
It will be seen in Figure 1 that a part of the roller F is shown in section
to enable the manner in which the rod D passes through it to be understood,
and also a piece, cut out of this roller for the same purpose; also the
roller B, Figure 1, is shown in section to make the position of the
rod or shaft C visible, and the manner in which the roller B may be formed
so as to allow it to come as closely up against the frame A as possible.
In Figure 3 the frame A is made shorter than that described in reference
to Figures 1 and 2, and the rollers F and B are placed nearer together than
those in the apparatus for brushing the longer hair. It will be seen in Figure 3

page_text: that instead of having two rollers as at B and B', in Figures 1 and 2, only
one may be applied, as shown in the Drawing, the round rod or shaft C on
which it revolves being fixed with the one end to the frame A in any con-
venient manner. It will also be seen that an alteration is made in the position
of the two handles E and E', forming now a straight line, and both fixed in
any suitable way to the round shaft or rod D, which is fixed to the frame A,
or formed in one piece with it, and projecting on the other side of the frame,
to receive the handle B. The roller F and the driving pulley G are placed in
the same way as shown in the above-described apparatus for brushing. long
hair, also the brush belt H in Figure 3 is stretched over the rollers B on the
one side, and F on the other, these rollers lying in a line with each other.
I is a protruding plate fixed to the frame A, and keeps the dust from the
operator. Both of the herein-before described apparatus are held by the handles
E and E', and the side on which the roller F and the driving pulley G are
situated is the most proper to be nearest the head or object, though it may be
held and used in any other convenient position.
Having now described the nature of my said Invention, and the manner in
which the same may be used or carried into practical effect, I would observe
in conclusion that what I consider to be novel and original, and therefore claim
as the Invention secured to me by the herein-before in part recited Letters
Patent is,-
First, the general arrangement and construction of machinery or apparatus
for brushing human or other hair as herein-before described, or any mere
modification thereof.
Second, the system or mode of constructing the hair-brushing apparatus in
the manner herein-before described and shown in the accompanying Sheet of
Drawings, or any mere modification thereof.
Third, the system or mode in which the brushes for the brushing apparatus
are constructed, in the manner herein-before described and shown in the
accompanying Sheet of Drawings.
In witness whereof I, the said Casimir Roques, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Thirteenth day of July, One thousand eight
hundred and sixty-five.