IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION AND MANUFACTURE OF HORSE-SHOES
Year: 1878

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Anderson, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark,
North Britain, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION
AND MANUFACTURE OF HORSE-SHOES."
Sealed the 21st January 1879, and dated the 24th July 1878.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Anderson at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 24th July 1878.
JOHN ANDERSON, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North Britain. "İM-
PROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION AND MANUFACTURE OF HORSE-SHOES.'
"
This said Invention relates to a new or improved construction and manufacture
of horse-shoes, and has for its object the saving of the wear and tear of the shoes,
and the present too frequent shoeing and injury of the horse's hoofs.
a
And the nature and novelty of the Invention consists in forming or rivetting
new or improved false calk or calk holder on the under surface of the shoes at the
toe or point and heels to make these parts deep enough to have holes or recesses
formed through them and the shoe for receiving the securing stems of the actual
portable or removeable toe and heel bearing pieces or calks. The said thicknessing
pieces or calk holders are formed on the malleable cast-iron or cast-steel shoes, but
on the wrought-iron shoes these pieces are preferred to be secured by rivets passed
through holes either bored, punched, or otherwise formed in thein round the flat
surface outside the holes for receiving the stems of the calks, and these holes and
stems for the toe pieces, two in each, are preferred to be round; but for the heel
pieces, where there is only room for one hole and stem in each; they are preferred
to be elliptical in shape to keep them from turning round. The heads or bearing parts
of these calks may be of any of the usual forms, such as flat, chisel-edged, or pointed,
but in every case they have good broad shoulders to bear on the flat surface of the
new or improved calk holders. In or through the back edges of these calk holders
holes are bored, into which screw pins are fitted, passing right through each stem
of the calk or toe and heel bearing pieces, either screwed into the holder or stem,
.

page_text: or both, to secure these perfectly tight in their holding recesses, the head of
each screw fitting into a recess quite tight within the flush or outer surface of the
shoe.
When these shoes are to be worn on soft ground the calks can be taken out, and
blank flat-headed pins inserted and similarly fixed in their place to prevent the
holes from being choked with dirt or getting corroded with water, in order that the
heel and toe pieces or calks may be instantly inserted when the horse has to be put
to work on hard roads or streets.
:
It will be understood that the shoes are fixed on to the hoof in the usual manner
by the best wrought-iron or hammered steel nails, as the shoes with these new or
improved thicknessing pieces and calks may be worn far longer than those at
present in use, as the heels and toe pieces or calks when worn down can be taken
out and replaced by new ones repeatedly without taking off the shoes, thus avoiding
the trouble and injury to the hoofs caused by the present system of too frequent
shoeing of horses.
It is preferred to form these new or improved horse-shoes, or any part thereof, of
galvanized iron, this metal being less liable to corrosion, and would thus form a
more durable shoe, which would also present, particularly in bad weather, a more.
clean and better appearance than horse-shoes made of ordinary metal.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said John Anderson in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 21st January
1879.
JOHN ANDERSON, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North Britain.
PROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION AND MANUFACTURE OF HORSE-SHOES.”
"IM-
My said Invention relates to a new or improved construction and manufacture of
horse-shoes, and has for its object the saving of the wear and tear of the shoes, and
the present too frequent shoeing and injury of the horse's feet.
And in order that the nature, novelty, and mode of performing my said In-
vention may be properly understood, I shall now proceed to describe the several
Figures on the accompanying Sheet of Drawings, which I have hereunto appended
for that purpose.
--
Figures 1, 2, and 3 are an under face view, end elevation, and edge section, taken
on the line 1l 1 in Figure 1, all respectively of one modification, or construction,
and combination of the parts of a light class of horse-shoe constructed in accordance
with and illustrative of my said Invention, shown with sharp "calks," or toe and
heel rests a, b, and more particularly adapted to be formed or cast in malleable cast
iron or steel.
Figures 4, 5, and 6, show three corresponding illustrations of an under face view,
end elevation, and edge section, taken on the line 2-2, in Figure 4, all of a
slightly different modification and combination of my Invention or improvements
from that shown in Figures 1 to 3, and as constructed and adapted more particularly
for having the body A, B¹, of the shoe made of malleable iron, and the "calks" a, b,
or toe and heel rests, and their deep holding socket parts A¹, B¹, made of malleable
cast iron or steel.
And Figures 7, 8, and 9 are respectively an under face view, end elevation,

page_text: and edge section taken on the line 3 - - - 3, Figure 7, all of a third modification
or construction and combination of the parts of a heavy class of horse-shoe, with
the body A, B, and socket or rest holding parts A¹, B¹, all as formed or cast solid
in malleable cast iron or steel, with a simple mode of fixing the "calks" or bearing
parts a, b, to the body of the shoe without screws.
Referring to these Figures 1 to 9 generally the nature, novelty, and mode of
putting my said Invention into effect or practice consist in forming a new or
improved thick or deep false calk or socket calk holder A¹ and B¹ on the under
surface of the frame or body of the shoe A, B, at the toe or point A and heels B, to
make these parts deep enough to have the holes, recesses, or sockets all and b
formed through them and the whole thickness of the shoe A, B, for receiving and
fixing the securing stems a¹ and 1 of the improved portable or removable and
actual bearing toe and heel pieces or calks a and b respectively, which rest and hold
on the ground or roadway. In Figures 1 to 3 and 7 to 9 respectively the said
thicknessing pieces or socket calk holders' A' and B' are shown as formed on or in
one with the malleable cast-iron or cast-steel shoes of these modifications or con-
structions; but when the main frame or body A, B, of the shoe is formed of
malleable or wrought iron, these pieces A' and B' are preferred to be formed of
malleable cast iron or steel, and secured, as shown in Figures 4 to 6, by rivets
passed through holes, as indicated at c, cither bored, punched, or otherwise formed
right through them and the body of the shoe in the free space round the flat surface
outside the socket holes a¹¹, 61, for receiving the stems a¹, b'. Two round or
cylindrical stems and holes a¹, a', and a", a", are preferred to be formed for each
toe calk or rest piece a, but for each heel calk or rest piece b (where there is less
width) only one stem b' and hole 6 is used and required for each calk b; but the
stems and holes b' and 6" for these are preferred to be elliptical or oval in shape to
keep them from turning round, but these stems a', 6', might be made polygonal for
this purpose, although this is not preferred. The heads or bearing parts of these
calks a, b, for resting and griping on the roadway may be of any of the usual
forms to suit the kind of horses, the nature of the road, the weather, and the kind
of work the horses have to perform, such as the straight sharp-edged chisel shape
shown in Figures 1 to 3, and detached in side and edge view in Figures 1 a, 1b,
suitable for frosty weather; or as seen in Figures 4 to 6, and Figures 4 a and 46
detached, for light draught or cart horses for general use on streets or hard roads,
or broader in the bearing surface for heavy horses on macadamised roads, as shown
in Figures 7 to 11, and 10 a and 10 b detached. In every case these calks a, b, are
formed with good broad shoulders to bear on the flat surface of the new or improved
thick socket parts or calk holders A, B, which have bored or otherwise formed
right through them and the stems a¹, b¹ of the calks from the back edges small
round holes, as d, for the insertion of securing pins d¹, d, d, either screwed at
the neck, as seen at d', in Figures 1 to 3, and plain, and filling the hole d right
through the stems a¹, b1; or screwed right through the stems a¹, b¹, only, as seen
at du in Figures 4 to 6; or otherwise, and as preferred for simplicity and economy,
the pins might be formed of plain pieces of brass or other metal wire, inserted
tightly in both the holes in the stems a³, b¹, and in the sockets a, b, from behind,
and each secured by a small cross, bent, or buckle plate of brass, or copper, or other
metal holder e, shown in side and edge view detached in Figure 9 e, and inserted
and straightened or expanded tightly into an inner or under cut recess, and
so fix the pin until removed by a strong picker inserted through side slots at e¹
for the purpose, all quite within the flush, or outer surface, or edge of the shoe,
as shown in these Figures 1 to 11, and thus in either case secure these toe
and heel calks a and b (of whatever shape) by their stems a¹ and b¹ to the toe and
heel parts and sockets a', A, and b', B', of the frame or body of the shoes A, B.
When desired for special circumstances and wear, as for soft or inacadamised
roads, these shoes may be fitted with broad flat-headed toe and heel calks a and b,
as shown in Figures 7 to 11, and detached in Figures 10a and 10 b; or in some
cases, where great holding or griping power is desired, as in hard frosty weather or

page_text: for hilly roads, single calks a², 62, may be inserted into each socket, with sharp-
pointed square heads, and broad or round bearing shoulders, as shown in detached
side views and plan in Figure 12; and, when desired, blank or plain stems a¹, b',
with shallow rounded heads a³, 63, may be inserted into the sockets a¹¹, 611, of the
body parts A, A', B, B', of the shoes, as shown detached in side and plan view in
Figure 13, suitable for light wear, and for keeping dirt out of the sockets when the
heavier class of calks are not required, but so that any of these may be instantly
inserted when the horse has to be put to work on hard roads or streets.
Figure 7A shows an edge and under face view of a portable deep socket piece A¹,
as suitable for being cast in malleable cast iron, and secured by rivets at c to the
heavy class of horse-shoes, such as shown in Figures 7 to 9, when their body
parts A, B, are preferred to be made of wrought iron.
It will be understood that these shoes are fixed on to the hoofs of the horses in
the usual manner, by the best wrought-iron or hammered steel nails; but by these
new or improved thicknessing socket pieces A¹, B, and their portable calks a, a¹,
and b, b', they may be worn for a much longer time without re-shoeing than those
at present in use, as the calks a; a', and b, b', when worn down or blunted can be
taken out and replaced by new or sharpened ones repeatedly without taking off. the
shoes, thus avoiding the trouble and labour of the present too frequent shoeing, and
the injury thereby caused to the horse's hoofs.
It is preferred to form these new or improved horse-shoes with more nail holes f,
as seen in Figure 7, than are required to secure them, so that the farrier may choose
the best holes to suit the hoof, or avoid the old holes in it.
It is also preferred to galvanize the shoes A, B, or their calks a; b, or the stem
and socket parts a, a¹, and b, b¹, and their fixing pins d, d', d", when made of iron,
and which would thus make them less liable to corrosion and more durable, and
give them a cleaner and better appearance, particularly in bad weather, than horse-
shoes made of ordinary uncoated metal.
Having now described the nature of my said Invention and the manner of per-
forming the same, I have to state that I do not confine myself to the precise detalis
herein described or delineated, but that what I consider novel and original, and
therefore claim as the Invention secured to me by the herein-before in part recited
Letters Patent is,-
First. The general construction or combination of the parts of horse-shoes, and
the mode and means of securing these together, all substantially as described in
reference to, and shown in the accompanying Drawings.
"
Second. The forming of horse-shoes with deep socket pieces A¹, B₁, either in one
with the body part A, B, or riveted thereto, for securing the "calks or toe and
heel bearing parts a, a³, and b, b1, thereto, all substantially as described in referénce
to, and shown in the accompanying Drawings.
Third. The fixing of the "calks," or toe and heel bearing plates a and b, by
screw or plain pins' d', d"; d, through their stems and sockets a', A', and b₁, B¹,
all substantially as described in reference to; and shown in the accompanying
Drawings:
In witness' whereof, I, the said John Anderson, have hereunto set my hand
and' seal, this Twentieth day of January, in the year of our Lord One thousand
Witness,
. W. R. M. THOMSON,
Patent Agent,
Glasgow.
JOHN ANDERSON. (L.S.)