Improvements in Machinery for Making Coal Bricks or Brickets.
Year: 1899

page_text: Date of Application, 20th Jan,, 1899-Accepted, 13th May, 1899
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Machinery for Making Coal Bricks or Brickets.
We, ROBERT TIGLER, and WILHELM SURMANN, both of Meiderich, near Duisburg,
Rhenish Prussia, Germany, Manufacturers, and both Partners of the Firm of
Moritz Tigler & Co., of same place, do hereby declare the nature of this invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described
and ascertained in and by the following statement:—
When making brickets of fine coal or of coal dust mixed with tar, pitch or such
like binding materials, this mixture must be heated and dried. Hitherto this
mixing and heating has been done in an apparatus having a vertical shaft provided
with mixing wings and into which superheated steam was blown. In these
apparatuses the heating is unequal; the material in the middle especially is
insufficiently heated and the steam in giving up its heat is condensed and instead
of drying the materials makes them wet to a certain degree again and this then
requires again a greater amount of binding or glueying material, causing greater
costs of production.
It is the object of our invention to avoid these disadvantages, and we attain
this object by using as heating and drying medium heated air, which is so intro-
duced into the apparatus that it will be equally distributed therein throughout
the whole apparatus, while the mixing process is going on also equally. At the
same time we exhaust the vapor or steam produced, at the upper side, so that our
new apparatus is at the same time a heating, drying and mixing machine for the
materials for making coal brickets.
We shall explain its construction and working by means of the annexed
drawing, in which:
Figure 1 is a vertical central section:
"
2 is an outside view, seen from the left side of Fig. 1.
"
3 is a horizontal cross section along line I-I of Fig. 1.
The apparatus consists of a vertical receptacle 1 with double sides, closed at
top and bottom by the covers 2 and 3: diaphragms 4, 5 and 6, divide it in several
compartments; openings 7, 8 and 9 in the diaphragms enable the communication
from one compartment to the other: doors 10, 11, 12 and 12a permit the access
to the interior of the compartments from the outside. A hollow shaft 18 passes
through the receptacle 1. which is guided and carried at the top by a journal
in the top cover 2 and below it rests on antifriction balls 13c. of a socket 136, by
means of the nave of the bevil wheel 13a, which is in gear with a bevil pinion 14a
of a lay shaft 14, by which the whole is set in motion.
By means of a pipe 15 heated air can be introduced into the hollow shaft 13.
In each compartment there are keyed upon this shaft two sets of hollow mixing
wings 16 standing at right angle to each other: the hollow spaces of these
mixing wings or arms communicate with the interior of the vertical hollow shaft. 13
and by slots 17. in their rear side with regard to their turning direction, they
communicate with the open space of the recentacle 1.
By this arrangement it will be understood that the heated air will be distri-
buted equally throughout the whole space of the receptacle.

page_text: The mixing wings or arms are preferably bevilled off at the front side and the
lower one of the same passes always closely over the diaphragm; forming the
bottom of the respective compartment, so that they scrape the material down into
the compartment below through the holes 7, S or 9. By means of channels or
pipes 18, which communicate with the interior the vapor or steam produced by
the heat in the receptacle from the undryed material can escape.
Steam is let into the hollow space between the double sides of the receptacle by
a hole 20 at the bottom and it escapes by a hole 20 at top. The raw material is
carried into the upper compartment of the apparatus by means of a screw
carrier 21, by the opening 22 in the cover 2 and it is drawn off after having past
all the compartments by the hole 23 in the bottom 3 of the lowest compartment.
In order to take out always the necessary quantity for a bricket there is a box 24
arranged below the opening 23, which is caused to move forwards and backwards
by means of the rocking levers 28, 29 and the chain wheel gearing 27 set in motion
from the worm shaft 26. Means being provided, that at the end of each stroke
to and fro of the box 24, this will stand still a little while, so that it can be
conveniently filled and emptied.
The filling of the box is done by the mixing wing passing over the bottom plate 3
and the emptying is done by a slide 30, this slide is suspended to the lever 31
and it receives an up and down motion by means of a cam 32 on shaft 29a and the
levers 33 and 34 in such a manner that it moves quickly downward when the
box has attained its most forward position and then pushes out the material con-
tained therein when the box returns. The mixed coal is then thrown into the
screw carrier 26a and brought to the press. The slide 30 remains in its lowered
position until the box 24 begins to move forward again.
The mode of working of the apparatus described is as follows:
The materials to be heated and to be mixed, coal and a suitable binding
material, such as pitch, tar and the like are brought to the apparatus by the
carrier 21, they get through the opening 22 in the cover 2 into the uppermost
compartment by the revolving mixing arms they are mixed and thrust from
compartment to compartment until they arrive at the box 24 by which they are
taken out. On this way the materials are thoroughly and quite uniformly heated
by the hot air coming from the hollow shaft and passing through the hollow
mixing arms, out of which it escapes by the slots 17. So it causes a great deal of
the water adhering to the coal to be evaporated and to dry the mixed materials.
The steam thus produced escapes from each compartment by holes 19 in the side
communicating with the channels 18.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed we declare that what
we claim is :-
1.) In an apparatus for heating, drying and mixing of coal and a suitable
binding material for making coal brickets the combination of a receptacle 1 with
diaphragms 4, 5, 6 . . placed therein to form compartments superposed one
above the other, a central hollow vertical shaft 13 revolving in said receptacle, said
shaft having crossed wings 16 in each compartment, allowing heated air to pass from
the shaft into the hollow arms of the wings 16 and to be driven out through slots
in the arms while they are turned round, at the same time mixing the material
in each compartment and throwing it into the compartment below; channels 18
allowing the steam produced in the compartments to be drawn off: a box 24,
moving backwards and forwards thereby carrying out the mixed and dryed
materials out of the apparatus into a carrier 26 for further treatment, the whole
as described and illustrated and for the purpose set forth.
2.) In an apparatus as described in Claim One the arrangement of a slide 30
before the opening of the box 24 and which makes a quick down motion when
the box is pushed forwards and which is raised only when the box begins to move

page_text: forwards again, the whole as described and illustrated and for the purpose set
forth.
Dated this 10th day of January 1899
ROBERT TIGLER,
WILHELM SURMANN.
Per Karl S. Mayer,
Agent.