IMPROVEMENTS IN CARPET OR POWER Looms, PARTS OF WHICH ARE APPLICABLE TO OTHER LOOMS IN WHICH CARPETS OR SIMILAR FABRICS ARE Wovɔn
Year: 1873

page_text: the Matter of Letters Patent granted to JAMES THEODORE
GRIFFIN, of No. 77, Upper Thames Street, in the City of
London, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN CARPET OR POWER
Looms, PARTS OF WHICH ARE APPLICABLE TO OTHER LOOMS IN WHICH
CARPETS OR SIMILAR FABRICS ARE Wovɔn,” bearing date the 13th
day of March 1873, No. 908; a communication from abroad
by Helen Matilda Babbett, Charles Wright Miles, and Patrick
Hickey, all of Auburn, Cayuga, State of New York, United
States of America, and which Letters Patent have since been
assigned by Deed bearing dato the Sixteenth day of May Ono
thousand eight hundred and seventy-four to SAMUEL COOKE,
WILLIAM COOKE, JAMES SAMUEL COOKE, and DAVID LAW, all
of No. 12, Friday Street, in the City of London, Carpet Manu-
facturers, and which said Deed was duly registered in tho
Great Seal Patent Office on or about the Fifth day of September
Ono thousand eight hundred and seventy-four.

page_text: MEMORANDUM OF ALTERATION AND DISCLAIMER proposed to be
entered by the said Samuel Cooke, William Cooke, James Samuel
Cooke, and David Law as such Assignees as aforesaid, pursuant to
the Statutes in that case made and provided.
WHEERAS, by Letters Patent under the Great Seal of the United
Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, bearing date at Westminster, the
Thirteenth day of March, in the thirty-sixth year of the reign of Her
present Majesty Queen Victoria, Her said Majesty did grant unto the
said James Theodore Griffin, his executors, administrators, and assigns,
the sole usc, benefit, and advantage of his Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS
"IN CARPET OR POWER LOOMS, PARTS OF WHICH ARE APPLICABLE TO OTHER Looms
66 IN WHICH CARPETS OR SIMILAR FABRICS ARE WOVEN :
"
And whereas the said Letters Patent were assigned to your Petitioners
on or about the Sixteenth day of May, One thousand eight hundred
and seventy-four, and by Indenture duly recorded in the Office of Her
Majesty's Commissioners of Patents for Inventions, on the Fifth day of
September, One thousand eight hundred and seventy-four, to have,
hold, exercise, and enjoy the same, unto and by your Petitioners, their
executors, administrators, and assigns, within the United Kingdom of
Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and the Isle of Man,
for the term of fourteen years:
And whereas since the date of the said Letters Patent, and of the
filing of the Specification, your Petitioners have discovered and have
been advised that certain parts of the Specification, and certain of the
claims therein contained and made, may be construed as extending to
matters and things which are not new:
And whereas, by mistake, certain words have been inscrted in the
Specification in the place of other words, and in order that the Specifi-
cation may be rendered more clear and intelligible, your Petitioners
desire to correct such mistakes, and therefore desire, in pursuance of the {
Statutes in such case made and provided, to enter a Disclaimer and
Memorandum of Alteration of certain portions of the said Specification,
reference being made to the Queen's Printers' printed copies thereof
published at the Great Seal Patent Office, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and seventy-three, that the said Disclaimer i

page_text: and Memorandum of Alteration which your Petitionors are so desirous
to enter, as aforesaid, is not such Disclaimer and Alteration as will
extend the exclusive right granted by the said Letters Patent.
Your Petitioners are desirous to disclaim in pago 8, lines line 12 and 13,
the words "also forming the shuttle boxes of slicet metal" of the printed
copies of the said Specification printed by the printers to Her Majesty,
and published at the Great Seal Patent Office. In line 14, same page 8,
to substitute the word detector for the word "protector" between the
words "the" and "with;" on line 18, same page, to insert the words, and
immediato connections between the words "improvements” and “as ;”
at lino 31 to substitute the word claimed for the word “described;” and
in line 36, same page 8, to insert the words and immediate connections
between the words "improvements" and "as." On page 9 we strike
out the lines 20 and 21, and on line 22 we strike out the words and
figures "see Figures 1, 10, and 15;" and in the same page at lines 28
and 36 substitute the word detector for the word "protector;" and on
page 10 lines 3, 5, 11, 30, 33, and 31, a like substitution of the word
detector for the word protector. In page 11 at lines 2, 4, 7, 17, 21, 23, 21,
20, 37, and 38, we substitute the word detector for the word "protector."
In page 12 like substitutions at lines 2, 5, 10, 15, 18, 19, 22, and 21.
In page 13 we propose to strike out the lines 4 to 37 inclusive. In
page 11 to strike out the lines 1 to 3 inclusive; in line 1 same page
between the word "looms" and the letter "I," insert tho words
together with the immediate connections; and on line 5 between the
words "parts" and "in" to insert the words as herein-after respectively
claimed. In line 8, same page, to strike out the word "and" and
substituto the word with. In line 10, same page, to substitute the word
detector for the word "protector;" and on the same page 14 to striko
out the lincs 12 to 17 inclusive. In line 18, same page, to substituto tho
word Fifthly for the word "Eighthly;" and on line 21, same page, to
substitute the word Sixthly for the word "Ninthly." To strike out lines
23 to 27 inclusivo same page 14. In line 28 to substitute the word
Seventhly for the word "Twelfthly;" and in line 31, same page, to
substitute the word Lastly for the word "Thirteenthly;" and on pago 15
your Petitioners propose to strike out the lines 1 to 8 inclusive.
_cification bas boon so amended it will road ou

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JAMES
THEODORE GRIFFIN, of No. 77, Upper Thames Street, in the City of
London, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Royal Letters Patent, bearing date the Thirteenth day of March, One
thousand eight hundred and seventy-three, in the thirty-sixth year of
Her reign, did for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant
unto me, the said James Theodore Griffin, Her special license that I,
the said James Theodore Griffin, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, or such others as I, the said James Theodore Griffin, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with,
and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during
the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN CARPET OR POWER LOOMS, PARTS OF WHICH ARE APPLICABLE
TO OTHER LOOMS, IN WHICH CARPETS OR SIMILAR FABRICS ARE WOVEN," a com-
munication to me from abroad by Helen Matilda Babbett, Charles
Wright Miles, and Patrick Hickey, all of Auburn, Cayuga, State of
New York, United States of America, upon the condition (amongst
others) that I, the said James Theodore Griffin, my executors or
administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one
of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was
to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Scal
Patent Office within seven calendar months next and immediately after
the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said James Theodore Griffin, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement thereof, reference being had to tho
Drawings hereunto annexed, that is to say:-
This Invention relates to improvements in carpet or power looms;
also to the combination of appliances as sectional or divisional parts
of the same, which are applicable to other carpet or similar fabric
looms.

page_text: The improvements are as follows:-In looms where two or moro
shuttle boxes are used that are shifted by a lever and cam the supporting
standard of the shuttle boxes has an adjustable curved foot that rests
upon a roller on the end of the lever, by which the action of the lever
upon the shuttle boxes is made more perfect; also a flanged or feathered
rod to support and guide the picker at all timos.
The construction and the connection of the detectors with the lay so
as to act simultaneously, and their connection with buffers or slides on
one or both sides of the loom for the purpose of arresting the moving
parts of the loom at a determined point, together with the means of
operating the same, together with other improvements and immediate
connections, as more fully appear in detail in the following description.
In the accompanying Drawings Figure 1 is a front view of the loom;
Figure 2 is a view of the right-hand side; Figuro 3 is a view of the left-
hand side; Figure 4 is a sectional elevation parallel with tho right-hand
side of the frame; Figure 5, sectional clevation of left-hand side;
Figure 6, the shading cam for shifting the shuttle boxes connected with
the jacquard; Figure 7, section of the driving pulley and friction clutch;
Figure 8, the shifting gear of the wiper shaft; Figure 9, the face of the
cam displayed in a straight line; Figure 10, a shuttle box and its
connections (top plan); Figure 11, vertical section of loom, right-hand
side of the modification with detached shuttle boxes; Figure 12, the
same left-hand side; Figure 13, top plan of the stop motion modification;
Figure 14, the lay cam shaft modification; Figure 15, sectional parts of
the shuttle box connections.
In the several Figures like parts are designated by the same letters of
reference.
The frame and all those parts of the loom not specially claimed are
like the analagous parts of other well known looms for like purposes, to
which are appended the now improvements and immediate connections
as follows:-The apparatus for moving the shuttle boxes consists of a
standard a, on the upper end of which the shuttle boxes are properly
affixed and braced, as seen in Figure 1; the foot piece a' of this standard
is made separate from it and is adjustable, see Figure 2, its concave foot
may be the arc of a circle; this foot rests on a roller affixed by an
adjustable wrist pin to the front end of a lever b working on a fulcrum
at b, and on its opposite end a roller 6ª on which a shading cam c acts

page_text: to properly raise the shuttle boxes; the fulcrum of lever 6 is on a cross
rail 63 which is bolted at or near its ends to the side rails of the loom
frame below, projecting beyond them far enough to form the support of
the fulcrum. The cam c is in two parts, the outer one having radial
projection beyond the line c', and the inner one being indented inward
from the same point c', as seen by the dotted lines in Figure 2 and in
Figure 6; the purpose of this shading cam is to vibrate the shuttle
boxes so as to properly change the colors any number of times required
in an ingrain carpet, &c. while the loom is in motion, the change being
effected by sliding the outer part of the shading cam from the other and
back by means of a forked arm d' connected with it, the axis of which
is below, having on it a horizontal arm d¹ projecting under the loom
frame, and being there connected by cords with the jacquard.
In front of the shuttle boxes are the picker guides consisting of a
feathered rod fand a loose round rod f'; the feathered rod is firmly
affixed to its supports, f¹ is hinged at one end ƒ (see Figures 2 and 3),
and is loose at the other end (see Figure 10). This is important to
prevent breaking the parts if from any cause the picker 9 (Figure 13)
is detained in the box when it riscs.
The detector for stopping the loom when from any cause the shuttle
is not boxed consists of the following parts:-A shaft h extends the
length of the lay and shuttle boxes in rear of the race, it is supported
in bearings ¹ at the swords and actuated by a spring; near each end of
this shaft there is a finger h* standing upright, so as to come in contact
with the shuttle binder 2, see Figures 2, 3, and 10, which projects into 2
the shuttle box and is held by a light spring. The shuttle on entering
the box forces the binder i outward, so as to hold the finger h³ out when
released as hereafter described. On this shaft there is a detector h³
near cach end, see Figures 2, 3, 4, and 5, directly over buffers & arranged
on the sides of the frame; now if the shuttle is in the box when the lay a
swings forward it holds the upper end of the finger back, and by the
turning of the shaft / to which it is affixed the front end of the detectors
are raised so as to pass over the buffers k, but if the shuttle is not in the
box the finger ³ falls forward as thic shaft / turns, and allows the
detectors ³ to strike the notch on the buffers which prevents the lay
from coming forward; the buffers are so affixed to the sides of the
loom frame as to have a slide forward, and are attached to a stout
rubber spring k¹ (sec Figures 4 and 5); these springs not only arrest the

page_text: forward motion of the lay but throws it back and open the shed as the
parts are stopped ready for the shuttle to go through, a feature of great
importance in working the loom. To the buffers k on the shipper sido
of the loom a link i is attached, connecting it with a lever i that extends
up besides the shipper m, so that when the buffer k is forced forward by
the detectors ³, it causes the lover to cast off the shipper which is
forced outward by a spring m' and stops the loom as herein-after
described. On the same shaft h there is another arm ' in an inclined
position backward; this, when the lay falls back into position for the
shuttle to pass, strikes the roller n on the loom frame which turns the
shaft h, throwing back the finger A', so as to allow the shuttle to enter
the box freely, resisted only by the binder i.
The shipper m is connected with the friction clutch on the driving
shaft by a lover o forked on its front end to embrace the shipper; the
fulcrum of this lever is at o'; the friction clutch p* (enlarged section,
Figure 7) is affixed to the driving shaft p; this clutch p³ is a friction
wheel with a friction ring on its face, against which a similar friction
face is on the driving pulloy; p' is forced by a washer 2*, actuated by a
spiral spring in a thimble p³ affixed to the shaft p. The forked lever o
is connected with this washer p', and when the shipper is thrown off
draws the washer back and disconnects the driving pulley from the
driving shaft p, and stops the loom; at the same time the forward motion
of the lay is arrested.
The thread detector for stopping the loom when the filling or the weft
thread breaks or runs out is composed of the following parts :—A shaft q
located under the race (see Figure 4) bears on each end a detector r
directly over the buffer parallel with and besides the shuttle detector /³,
and is actuated by a spring; a clamps formed of two pieces of squaro iron
embraces the shaft q, to which it is affixed by binding screws; a link 8¹
is jointed to the clamp 8, and curving down under the race beam unites
the arm with the clamp s; the fulcrum of 8 is at 8³, to which a
horizontal arm &' is affixed, with a grid or fingers (shewn in Figure 1)
on its front end; theso when raised enter a stationary grid s³, if
free to do so, and when it is junction therewith it allows the
detectors to drop low enough to strike the buffers k, and stop
the loom, as in the case of the shuttle detector just described; this will
occur whenever the weft yarn fails to cross between the fingers s' and
the grid so, but if the weft thread is drawn in between them, as it always

page_text: is when whole, they are prevented from coming together, and the
detector is held above the notch on the buffer aforesaid. To bring theso
parts into proper action the arm s must be held down into a recess in
the race until the shuttle passes over it, when it must be freed to come
in contact with the weft or stop the loom if it is broken. To hold the
grid open there is a projection back from the finger arms that catches
on to a catch 8º pivoted to a stationary piece on the lay with a spring to
hold it up against the end of the arm *; this holds the grid open when
the lay is back ready for the shuttle to pass. A hook is affixed to
the loom frame that hooks on to the catch 8, and as the lay moves
forward it frees the arm s'. If the weft yarn is whole the lay moves on,
the detectors clearing the buffer stop, and its end running up the
inclined plane on the buffer k raises it and opens the grid until the
rear projection is caught on the catch 8º, and holds it opon until the
next forward vibration of the lay. It will be seen that by this freeing
and catching of the detector, the loom will only run so long as the
weft yarn comes between the fingers and the grid 8, to hold the
detector r from the buffer while it passes over the notch in the latter,
and it will likewise be seen that the action of the detectors " upon the
buffer k is in all particulars the same in its results as that of detector h³
in stopping the loom and throwing back the lay with the shed open.
In looms where the shuttle boxes are detached from the lay, and do
not vibrate with it, the stop motion must be raised to suit the change of
construction, which is shewn in Figure 11, etc. The shaft of the
shuttle stop is in bearings affixed to the frame of the loom; on its end
are fingers h³, like those before described, in contact with the shuttle
binder, but reversed in position. Just inside of the loom frame a plate u
is affixed, to which the fulcrum of a lever u' is bolted. This lever is
connected by a link with an arm ³ on the shaft h, so as to be lifted by
it when the shuttle is in the box. The end of this lever t¹ is connected
with a stout catch or detector ³ by a rod u³, the catch being united
with the spring buffer k by a joint, as clearly seen in Figure 11. This
detector h³ is directly over a wheel w on the lay cam shaft, on which
wheel there is a projecting cog w¹; now if the detector is allowed to fall it
will come into contact with the cog w³, and the loom will be stopped. By
the consequent action on the buffer and its connections, as in the modi-
fication first described, the action is as follows:-Just before the shuttle
enters the box the detector catch ' is raised by a cam w³ on the wheel w,
and liſts all the parts connected therewith, and which are thus held if

page_text: the shuttle is in the box until the cog w' passes the catch h³, but if tho
shuttle docs not enter the box the catch is free to fall and stop the loom.
this
The weft detector shaft q is located just below shaft h, on which near
cach and there is affixed a finger arms that shuts into a grid 8*;
grid is jointed at to so that it can rise if the shuttlo stops opposite, and
is forced forward by the lay to prevent breaking. The arm & has a
projection that comes in contact with a collar arm of a bent lover, tho
other arm of which extends downwards and forward under a detector
catch or finger r, and holds it up when the fingers of arm s' do not enter
the upper grid; but when there is no weft thread in the way the arms a¹
rises into the stationary grid 8, the detector" drops and catches the pro-
jection 10' on a wheel w, as in the other form. To open this detector
arrangement there is an arm to affixed to shaft 7 (see Figure 12)
extending back and downward, a roller on the end of which rests on a
cam w³ on the lay cam shaft which opens the detector grid and holds it
open until the shuttle passes the grid, and if the weft thread is wholo
and attached to the shuttle it is drawn across the grid, and the detector r
is held out of contact with cog w'. The tension of the warp is equalized
in opening and closing the shed as follows:-x represents two levers,
one on each side of the loom frame, in rear of the harness; the fulcra
are at x (see Figures 2 and 4); the lever projects forward past the
cam x³, and has a wrist and friction roller on it that projects into the
cam 2ª by which it is raised and lowered. The forward end of this levor
is connected with the jacquard which it works; at the fulcrum æ¹ this
lever has a cog x³ that works in the fork on the end of a bent lever 2ª
pivoted to the frame of the loom over the yarn beam, and on the other
arm of said bent lever is the bearing of a yarn roller ³, shown by
dotted lines in Figures 4 and 5; the warp passes up from the warp
beam over the first roller 2º (seo Figuro 2), and forward round the next
roller, thence under and around roller a from which it extends
forward through the harness and reed to the breast beam as in ordinary
looms. This arrangement is made to equalise the tension in opening
and closing the shed by taking up the slack as the shed closes, and
giving way as the shed opens by the vibration of x.
Having thus fully described the improvements aforesaid in looms,
together with the immediate connections, I claim,—
The several parts as herein-after respectively claimed in combination,
arranged and acting in combination for the purposes set forth.

page_text: Secondly. The curved adjustable foot a' of the shuttle box standard.
Thirdly. The double cam c, with its connection with the jacquard, for
the purpose described.
Fourthly. The weft detector, constructed, arranged, and combined
with the buffer A, substantially as herein described.
Fifthly. The loose jointed picker guide rod f1 for freeing the pickers,
as herein before specified, and the feathered guide rod f to guide the
picker.
Sixthly. The spring buffer / for arresting the lay and throwing it back
with the shed open when the loom stops, as described.
Seventhly. The stop wheel w on the lay shaft, and its connection with
the buffer & in looms where the lay and shuttle boxes are detached, as
herein described.
Lastly. The connection of the warp tension with the jacquard lever x,
substantially as and for the purposes aforesaid.
In witness whereof, wc, the said Samuel Cooke, William Cooke,
James Samuel Cooke, and David Law, have hereunto set our
hands and scals, this Twelfth day of October One thousand eight
hundred and seventy-five.
I hereby grant my fiat, giving leave to the above-named Samuel 25
Cooko, William Cooke, James Samuel Cooke, and David Law (as
Assignees of the said Patent) to file in the Great Scal Patent Office,
with the Specification to which the same relates, the above-written
Disclaimer and Memorandum of Alteration.
March
Temple, 6th February 1876.
HARDINGE GIFFARD,
Solicitor-General.

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James Theodore Griffin, of No. 77, Upper Thames
Street, in the City of London, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
CARPET OR POWER LOOMS, PARTS OF WHICH ARE APPLICABLE TO OTHER LOOMS IN
WHICH CARPETS OR SIMILAR FABRICS ARI. WOVEN."-A communication
from abroad by Helen Matilda Babbett, Charles Wright Miles, and
Patrick Hickey, all of Auburn, Cayuga, State of New York, United
States of Amorion
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James Theodore Griffin
at the Office of the Commissionors of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 13th March 1873.
I, JAMES THEODORE GRIFFIN, of No. 77, Upper Thames Street, in the
City of London, do hereby declare the nature of tho said Invention for
“ IMPROVEMENTS IN Carpet or Power Looks, PARTS OF WHICH ARE APPLICABLE TO
OTHER LOOMS IN WHICH CARPETS OR SIMILAR FABRICS ARE WOVEN,” to bo as
follows:-

page_text: )
to form the support of the fulcrum. The cam is in two parts, the outer
one having radial projections, and the inner one indented inward from the
same point. The purpose of this shading cam is to vibrate the shuttle
boxes so as to properly change the colors any number of times required
in an ingrain carpet while the loom is in motion, the change being
effected by sliding the outer part of the shading cam from the other and
back by means of a forked arm connected with it, the axis of which is
below, having on it a horizontal arm projecting under the loom frame,
and being there connected by cords with the jacquard.
The shuttle boxes aro made of flanged sheet metal, the front of which
is flanged, and with cast-iron partitions, held together by bolts. In front
of the shuttle boxes are the picker guides, consisting of a feathered rod
and a loose round rod. The feathered rod is firmly affixed to its supports
or hinges, and is loose at the other end. This is important to prevent
5 breaking tho parts if from any cause the picker is detained in the box
when it rises.
The protection for stopping the loom, when from any cause the shuttle
is not boxed, consists of a shaft extending the length of the lay and
shuttlo boxes in rear of the race, and supported in bearings at the swords,
) and actuated by a spring. Near each end of this shaft there is a finger
standing upright, which comes in contact with the shuttlo binder, pro-
jecting into the shuttle box, and held by a light spring. The shuttle
on entering the box forces a binder outward, holding a finger out when
released, as hercaftor described. On this shaft there is a protector near
5 each end directly over buffers arranged on the sides of the frame. Now
if the shuttle is in the box when the lay swings forward it holds the
upper end of the finger back, and by the turning of the shaft to which it
is affixed, the front and end of the protectors are raised so as to pass
over the buffers, but if the shuttle is not in the box the finger falling
forward as the shaft turns allows the protectors to strike the notch on
the buffers, and 50 preventing the lay from coming forward, the buffers
being so affixed to the sides of the loom framo as to have a slide forward
and attached to a stout rubber spring, which not only arrests the forward
motion of the lay, but throwing it back opens the shed as the parts aro
stopped ready for the shuttle to go through, a feature of great importance
in working the loom. To the buffers on the shipper side of the loom a
link is attached connecting it with a lover that extends up beside the
shipper, so that on the buffers being forced forward by the protectors it

page_text: causes a lever to cast off the shippor, which, being forced outward by a
spring stops the loom as hereafter described. On the same shaft there
is another arm in an inclined position backward; this on the lay falling
back into position for the shuttle to pass strikes a roller on the loom
framo, which turning the shaft throws back the finger so as to allow
the shuttle to enter the box freely, resisted only by the bindor. The
shipper is connected with a friction clutch on the driving shaft by a
lever forked on its front end to embrace the shipper. The friction clutch
is affixed to the driving wheel; this clutch is a friction wheel with a
friction ring on its face, against which a similar friction face on tho
driving pulley is forced by a washer actuated by a spiral spring in a
thimble affixed to the shaft. The forked lever is connected with this
washer, and on the shipper being thrown off draws the washer back, and
disconnects the driving pulley from the driving shaft, and stops tho
loom, the forward motion of the lay at the same time being arrested.
The thread protector for stopping the loom when the filling or the
weft thread breaks or runs out, is composed of the following parts :—
A shaft located under the race carries on cach end a protector, directly
over the buffer, parallel with and beside the shuttle protector, and is
actuated by a spring. A clamp, formed of of two pieces squaro
iron, embraces this shaft, to which it is affixed by binding screws, a
link being jointed to the clamp and curving down under the race.
beam, uniting another with the clamp. To the fulcrum of this arm
a horizontal arm is affixed, with a grid or fingers on its front end;
those, when raised, entering a stationary grid when free to do so, and
when in junction therewith allowing the protectors to drop low enough
to strike the buffers and stop the loom, as in the case of the shuttle
protector just described, this occurring whenever the weft yarn fails to
cross between the fingers and the grid, but on the weft thread being
drawn in between them they are prevented from coming together, and
the protector is held above the notch on the buffer aforesaid. To hold
the grid open there is a projection back from the finger arm that takes
on to a catch pivoted to a stationary piece on the lay, with a spring to
hold it up against the end of this arm, this holding the grid open when
the lay is back ready for the shuttle to pass.
A hook affixed to the loom frame hooks on to the catch, and as the
lay moves forward it frees the finger arm if the weft yarn is whole. The
lay moves on the protector, cloaring the buffer stop, and its end running
up the inclined plane on the buffer, raises it, and opening the grid until

page_text: the rear projection is caught on the catch, holding it open until tho
next forward vibration of the lay. In looms where the shuttle boxes
are detached from the lay, and do not vibrato with it, the shaft of the
shuttlo may bo in bearings affixed to the frame of the loom, its ends
carrying fingers liko those before described in contact with the shuttle
binder, but reversed in position. Just inside the frame a plate is affixed
to which the fulcrum of a lever is attached, this lover being connected
by a link with an arm on the shaft so as to be lifted by it when the
shuttle is in the box, the end of this lover being connected with a stout
catch or protector by a rod, the catch being also united with a spring
buffer. This protector is directly over a wheel on the lay cam shaft, on
which wheel there is a projecting cog, and on the protector being
allowed to fall, it will come in contact with the cog, and the loom being
stopped by the consequent action of the buffer and its connections, as
3 first described.
The weft protector shaft is located just below the shuttle shaft, on
which, near each end, there is affixed a finger cam shutting into a grid,
so that it can riso if the shuttle stops opposite, and is forced forward by
tho lays; to prevent breaking the finger arm has a projection that comes
in contact with a collar arm of a bent lever, the other arm of which,
extending downward and forward under a protector catch or finger holds
it up when the fingers do not enter the upper grid, but when there is no
weft thread in the way the finger arm rises into the stationary grid, tho
protector dropping and catching the projecting cog on a wheel, as
before described. To open this projector arrangement an arm is affixed
to the weft protector shaft, extending back and downwards, with a roller
on the end resting on a cam on the lay cam shaft, which opens tho
protector grid, and holds it open until the shuttle passes the grid, and if
the weft thread is whole, and attached to the shuttle, it is drawn across
the grid, and the protector is held out of contact with the projecting cog
of tho wheel on the lay cam shaft.
The tension of the warp is equalized in opening and closing the shed
as follows:-Two levers, one on each sido of the loom frame, are attached
to fulcra in the rear of the harness. The lever projects forward past a cam
on the shaft, and has a wrist and friction roller on it that projects into
the cam by which it is raised and lowered, the forward end of this lever
being connected with the jacquard which it works at the fulcrum. This
lever has a cog that works in a fork on the end of a bent lever pivotted

page_text: to the frame of the loom over the yarn beam, and on the other arm of
the bent lever is the bearing of a yarn roller. The warp passes up from
the warp beam over the first roller, and forward around the next roller,
thence under and around another roller, from which it extends forward
through the harness and reed to the breast beam, as in ordinary looms.
The let-off and take-up are positive. A worm wheel is fitted on the
axis of the forward yarn roller, into which a worm gears; this worm
wheel can be shifted for one with a greater or less number of teeth,
determined by the number of picks to an inch, the upper end of the
shaft on which the worm is secured having an adjustable bearing to fit:
it to the worm wheel or to detach it therefrom. This shaft has a bevil
wheel on its lower end gearing into another wheel on a lower cam shaft.
This lower wheel is coupled with said shaft by a forked lever connected by
a horizontal rod with a hand lover at the front of the frames by which the
lower bovel wheel can be thrown out of or into gear by the operator.
The take-up is in like manner geared to this mitre or bevil gear by
means of a horizontal worm shaft, the worm of which gears into a worm
wheel on the take-up roller. This worm shaft has a hand wheel on its
forward end to turn it by when disconnected from the driving shaft.
The worm wheel on the take-up rollor can likewise be changed for a
different sized one, changing with the number of shots to the inch.
The detaching lever enables the operator to turn the warp back or
forward for any purpose.
To shift the wiper shaft so as to throw ono, two, or more shuttles from
either side alternately in the various kinds of weaving, a forked slide is a
connected with the wiper shaft, between the wiper arm and the gear
wheel. This forked slide has a wrist and friction roller on it that runs
in a cam groove on the face of a cam wheel on the lower cam shaft.
This cam groove is formed of sectional pieces, so that the sectional pieces
can be changed in their relative places between the flanges of the wheel {
to throw the shuttles, as required.
The cloth, after passing the take-up, is brought up to the cloth beam,
on which it is wound. On this beam is a spur wheel gearing into a
pinion on the hub of a ratchet wheel, into which a paul works to turn
it, this paul being on a slide connected with the sword of the lay, and 3
vibrating with it. Between the paul and the lay there is a spring,
which, when the desired tension on the cloth is attained, is compressed

page_text: so as to prevent tho paul from winding up until the cloth slackens up
enough to allow the paul again to act, which winds up the cloth as fast
as it is woven.
SPECIFICATION filed in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters
Patent, and of an Order of the Lord Chancellor, by the said James
Theodore Griffin in the Great Scal Patent Office on the 13th October
1878.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, James
THEODORE GRIFFIN, of No. 77, Upper Thames Street, in the Oity of
London, sond groeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Hor Letters
Patent bearing date the Thirteenth day of March, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and seventy-three, in the thirty-sixth year
of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant
unto me, the said James Theodore Griffin, Her special licence that I, '
the said James Theodoro Griffin, my exccutors, administrators, and
assigns, or such others as I, the said James Theodoro Griffin, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with,
and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during tho
term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, uso, exercise,
and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland,
the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN CARPET OR POWER LOOMS, PARTS OF WHICH ARE APPLICABLE TO OTHER
Looms IN WHICH CARPETS OR SIMILAR FABRICS ARE WOVEN," communicated
toʻme from abroad by Helen Matilda Babbett, Charles Wright Miles,
and Patrick Hickey, all of Auburn, Cayuga, State of New York, United
States of America, upon tho condition (amongst others) that I, tho said
James Theodoro Griffin, my executors or administrators, by an instru-
ment in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and scals,
should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Inven-
tion, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the.
same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within seven calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said James Theodore Griffin, do hereby
› declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the samo

page_text: is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement thereof, reference being had to the Drawings
hereunto annexed, that is to say :-
This Invention relates to improvoments in carpet or power looms, also
to the combination of appliances as sectional or divisional parts of the
same which are applicable to other carpet or similar fabric looms.
5
The improvements are as follows:-In looms where two or more
shuttle boxes are used that are shifted by a lever and cam the sup-
porting standard of the shuttle boxes has an adjustable curved foot that
rests upon a roller.on the end of the lover, by which the action of the 1
lever upon the shuttle boxes is made more perfect; also a flanched or
feathered rod to support and guide the picker at all times, also forming
the shuttle boxes of sheet metal.
The construction and the connection of the protectors with the lay, so
as to act simultaneously, and their connection with buffers or slides on l
one or both sides of the loom for the purpose of arresting the moving
parts of the loom at a determined point, together with the means of
operating the same together with other improvements, as more fully
appear in detail in the following description:
-
In the accompanying Drawings Figure 1 is a front view of the loom; 20
Figure 2 is a view of the right hand side; Figure 3 is a view of the
left hand side; Figure 4 is a sectional elevation parallel with the right
hand side of the frame; Figure 5, sectional clevation of loft hand side;
Figure 6, the shading cam for shifting the shuttle boxes connected with
the jacquard; Figure 7, section of the driving pulley and friction 2
clutch; Figuro 8, the shifting gear of the wiper shaft; Figure 9, the
face of the cam displayed in a straight line; Figure 10, a shuttle box
and its connections (top plan); Figure 11, vertical section of loom right
hand side of the modification with detached shuttle boxes; Figure 12,
the samo, left hand sido; Figure 13, top plan of the stop motion modi- 30
fication; Figure 14, the lay cam shaft modification; Figure 15, sectional
parts of the shuttle box connections. In the several Figures like parts
are designated by the same letters of reference.
The frame and all those parts of the loom not specially described are
like the analogous parts of other well known looms for like purposes 38
to which are appended the new improvements as follows:-The
apparatus for moving the shuttle boxes consists of a standard a on the

page_text: upper end of which the shuttle boxes are properly affixed and braced, as
seen in Figure 1; the foot picco a' of this standard is made separate from
it, and is adjustable, sec Figuro 2; its concavo foot may be the arc of
a circle; this foot rests on a roller affixed by an adjustable wrist pin to
the front end of a lover working on a fulcrum at 6', and on its opposito
end a roller 6 on which a shading cam c acts to properly raise the
shuttle boxes; the fulcrum of lever b is on the cross rail b’which is
bolted at or near its ends to the side rails of tho loom frame below, pro-
jecting beyond them far enough to form the support of the fulcrum.
The cam c is in two parts, the outer one having radial projection beyond
the line c', and the inner one being indented inward from the same
point cas seen by the dotted lines in Figure 2 and in Figure 6; the
purpose of this shading cam is to vibrate the shuttle boxes so as to
properly change the colours any number of times required in an ingrain
carpot &c., while the loom is in motion, the change being effected by
sliding the outer part of the shading cam from the other, and back by
means of a forked arm ďª³ connected with it, the axis of which is below,
having on it a horizontal arm ď¹projecting under the loom frame, and
being there connected by cords with the jacquard.
The shuttle boxes are made of flanched sheet metal e, the front of
which is flanged, and with cast iron partitions e¹ held together by bolts c³
(see Figures 1, 10, and 15). In front of the shuttle boxes are the picker
guides, consisting of a feathered rod and a loose round rod f; the
feathered rod f is firmly affixed to its supports; f' is hinged at one
end f,sco Figures 2 and 3, and is loose at the other end (sco Figure 10).
This is important to prevent breaking the parts if from any cause the
picker (Figure 15) is detained in the box when it rises.
The protector for stopping the loom when from any cause the shuttlo
is not boxed consists of the following parts:—A shaft h extends tho
length of the lay, and shuttle boxes in rear of the race; it is supported
in bearings at the swords and actuated by a spring; near each end of
this shaft there is a finger ª standing upright so as to come in contact
with the shuttle binder i, see Figures 2, 3, and 10, which projects into
the shuttle box, and is held by a light spring. Tho shuttle on entering
the box forces the binder i outward so as to hold the finger 7ª out when
released, as hereafter described. On this shaft there is a protector ³
near each end, sco Figures 2, 3, 4, and 5, directly over buffors k, arranged
on the sides of the frame; now if the shuttle is in the box when tho

page_text: lay swings forward, it holds the upper end of the finger back, and by
the turning of the shaft to which it is affixed the front end of the
protectors are raised so as to pass over the buffers k, but if the shuttlo
is not in the box tho finger h³ falls forward as the shaft h turns, and
allows the protectors ³ to strike the notch on the buffers which prevents
the lay from coming forward; the buffers are so affixed to the sides
of the loom frame as to have a slido forward, and are attached to a stout
rubber spring (see Figures 4 and 5); these springs not only arrest the
forward motion of the lay, but throws it back and open the shed as the
parts are stopped ready for the shuttle to go through, a feature of great :
importance in working the loom. To the buffers k on the shipper side
of the loom a link ; is attached connecting it with a lover that extends
up beside the shipper m, so that when the buffer k is forced forward by
the protectors ³ it causes the lever to cast off the shipper which is
forced outward by a spring m² and stops the loom, as herein-after described.
On the same shaft / there is another arm 7' in an inclined position
backward; this when the lay falls back into position for the shuttle to
pass strikes the roller n on the loom frame which turns the shaft h,
throwing back the finger h¹ so as to allow the shuttle to enter the box.
freely, resisted only by the binder i. The shipper 'm is connected with:
the friction clutch on the driving shaft by a lever o forked on its front
and to embrace the shipper; the fulcrum of this lever is at o'; the friction
clutch p' (enlarged section Figure 7) is affixed to the driving shaft p;
this clutch p³ is a friction wheel with a friction ring on its face against
which a similar friction face is on the driving pulley; p¹ is forced by a ¦
washer p* actuated by a spiral spring in a thimble p³ affixed to the
shaft p; the forked lever o is connected with this washer p', and when the
shipper is thrown off draws the washer back and disconnects the driving
pulley from the driving shaft p, and stops the loom, at the same time
the forward motion of the lay is arrested. The thread protector for
stopping the loom when the filling or the weft thread breaks or runs out
is composed of the following parts :-A shaft q located under the race
(see Figure 4) bears on each end a protector directly over the buffer k
parallel with and beside the shuttle protector h³, and is actuated by a
spring, a clamp & formed of two pieces of squaro iron embraces the
shaft q, to which it is affixed by binding screws, a link s¹ is jointed to the
clamp s, and curving down under the race beam unites the arm & with
the clamp 8, the fulcrum of s³ is at 8³, to which a horizontal arm sʻ is
affixed with a grid or fingers (shown in Figure 1) on its front end, these

page_text: "
when raised enter a stationary grid s³ if free to do so, and when it is in
junction therewith it allows the protectors to drop low enough to
striko the buffers & and stop the loom as in the case of the shuttlo
protector just described; this will occur whenever the weft yarn fails to
cross between the fingers s' and the grid s³, but if the weft thread is
drawn in between them, as it always is when whole, they are prevented
from coming together, and the protector is held above the notch on the
buffer aforesaid; to bring these parts into proper action the arm a must
be held down into a recess in the raco until the shuttlo passes over it,
when it must be freed to come in contact with the weft, or stop tho
loom if it is broken; to hold the grid open there is a projection back
from the finger arm that catches on to a catch ♬ pivoted to a
stationary piece on the lay with a spring to hold it up against the end of
the arm sª, this holds the grid open when the lay is back ready for tho
shuttle to pass; a hook is affixed to the loom frame that hooks on to
the catch 8ª, and as the lay moves forward it frees the arm s*; if the weft
yarn is wholo the lay moves on the protector, clearing the buffer stop
and its end running up the inclined plane on the buffer k raises it and
opens the grid until the rear projection is caught on the catch &" and
holds it open until the next forward vibration of the lay; it will be seen
that by this freeing and catching of the protector the loom will only run
so long as the weft yarn comes between the fingers s' and the grid s³, to
hold the protector from the buffer while it passes over the notch in the
latter, and it will likewise be seen that the action of the protector r
upon the buffer is in all particulars the same in its results as that of
protector in stopping the loom and throwing back the lay with tho
shed open.
In looms whero the shuttle boxes are detached from the lay and do
not vibrate with it, the stop motion must be raised to suit the change of
construction, which is shown in Figuro 11, etc. The shaft of the shuttle
stop is in bearings affixed to the frame of the loom; on its ends are
fingers like those before described in contact with tho shuttle bindar,
but reversed in position. Just inside of the loom frame a plate u is affixed
to which the fulcrum of a lever u¹ is bolted; this lover is connected by a
link with an arm h¹ on tho shaft h, so as to be lifted by it when the shuttlo
is in the box. The end of this lover a¹ is connected with a stout catch or
protector A³ by a rod u³, the catch being united with the spring buffer k
by a joint, as clearly soon in Figure 11; this protector A³ is directly over

page_text: a wheel wo on the lay cam shaft, on which wheel there is a projecting
cog w¹; now if the protector is allowed to fall it will come into contact
with the cog to', and the loom will be stopped; by the consequent action
on the buffer and its connections as in the modification first described the
action is as follows:-Just before the shuttle enters the box the protector
catch ³ is raised by a cam w³ on the wheel w, and lifts all the parts con-
nected therewith, and which are thus held if the shuttle is in the box
until the cog 10¹ passes the catch h³, but if tho shuttle does not enter the
box, the catch is free to fall and stop the loom.
The weft protector shaft q is located just below shaft h, on which near
cach end thero is affixed a finger arm & that shuts into a grid s'; this
grid is jointed at wo³ so that it can rise if the shuttle stops opposite, and
is forced forward by the lay to prevent breaking. The arm a' has a pro-
jection that comes in contact with a collar arm of a bent lover, the
other arm of which extends downwards and forward under a protector
catch or finger, and holds it up when the fingers of arm 8ª do not enter
the upper grid; but when there is no weft thread in the way the arm ¸ª
rises into the stationary grid 8, the protector drops and catches tho
projection w¹ on a wheel to as in the other form. To open this protecter
arrangement there is an arm w' affixed to shaft 9 (sco Figure 12) extending
back and downward, a roller on the end of which rests on a cam wº on
the lay cam shaft which opens the protector grid, and holds it open until
the shuttle passes the grid, and if the weft throad is wholo and attached
to the shuttle it is drawn across the grid, and tho protector is held out
of contact with cog w'.
The tension of the warp is equalized in opening and closing the shed as
follows:- represents two levers, one on each side of the loom frame in
rear of the harness; the fulcra are at a¹ (see Figures 2 and 4); the lever
projects forward past the cam x² and has a wrist and friction roller on it
that projects into the cam a by which it is raised and lowered. The
forward end of this lever is connected with the jacquard which it works;
at the fulcrum ³ this lever has a cog³ that works in the fork on the end
of a bent lever a pivoted to the frame of the loom over the yarn beam,
and on the other arm of said bent lever is the bearing of a yarn roller z³,
shown by dotted lines in Figures 4 and 5; the warp passes up from the
warp beam over the first roller 20 (see Figure 2), and forward around
the next roller 27, thence under and around roller ³, from which it
extends forward through the harness and reed to the breast beam as in

page_text: ordinary looms. This arrangement is made to equalize the tonsion. in
opening and closing the shed by taking up the slack as the shed closes
and giving way as the shed opens by the vibration of x.
The let-off and take-up are positive, shown in (Figure 3). y is a worm
wheal on the axis of the forward yarn roller into which the worm y¹
gears; this worm wheel can be shifted for one with a greater or less
number of teeth determined by the number of picks to an inch. The
upper end of the shaft on which the worm y' is secured has an adjustable
bearing y' to fit it to the worm wheel y or to detach it therefrom; this
shaft has a bevil wheel on its lower end that gears into one on the cam
shaft c³, this is coupled with said shaft by a forked lever c³ connected by
a horizontal rod with a hand lever o at the front of the frames by which
the bevel wheel of can be thrown out of or into gear by the operator.
The take-up is in like manner geared to this miter gear o' by means of a
horizontal worm shaft y³, the worm of which gears into a worm wheel y³
on the take-up roller. This worm shaft y' has a hand wheel on its
forward and to turn it by when disconnected from the driving shaft,
the worm wheel ³ can likewise be changed for a different sized one
changing with the number of shots to the inch.
The detaching lever enables the operator to turn the warp back or
forward for any purpose.
To shift the wiper shaft so as to throw one, two, or more shuttles from
either side alternately in the various kinds of weaving, a forked slido¹
(sco Figures 5 and 8) is connected with the shafts between the wiper
arm, and the gear wheel ; this forked slide has a wrist and
friction roller on it that runs in a cam groove on the face of a cam
wheel (see Figures 5 and 8); this cam groove is formed of sectional
pieces as clearly seen in Figure 9, where the periphery is stretched out
in a straight line to display it, where it will be seen that the section picces
can be changed in their relative places between the flanges of the wheel
to throw the shuttles as required.
a
The cloth after passing the take-up y' is brought up to the cloth
boam y on which it is wound. On this beam is a spur wheel (see
Figure 4) gearing into a pinion on the hub of a ratchet wheel y, intò
which a pawl y' works to turn it; this pawl is on a slide connected with
the sword of the lay and vibrating with it. Betwoon the pawl and the
lay there is a spring which when the desired tension on the cloth is

page_text: Fourteenthly. The construction. and arrangement of the let-off and
take-up, substantially as and for the purposes described.
•
Fifteenthly. The segmental wiper cam
and its connection with the
wiper shafts by means of the yoke s' or its equivalent, substantially as
and for the purposes described.
And lastly. The connection of the lay with the cloth beam by means
of the spring pawl y' and its connections for winding up the cloth, sub-
stantially as specified.
In witness whereof, I, tho said James Theodore Griffin, have here-
unto set my hand and scal, this Fourth day of October, One
thousand eight hundred and seventy-three.