IMPROVEMENTS IN VENTILATORS
Year: 1876

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Banks, of Cork, Ireland, Grocer, for the Invention
of "IMPROVEMENTS IN VENTILATORS."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Banks at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 1st June 1876.
JOHN BANKS, of Cork, Ireland, Grocer. " IMPROVEMENTS IN VENTILATORS."
My Invention relates to appliances to be fitted to a window or other opening of
an apartment, carriage, or other place for admitting fresh air thereto without draft
and drawing off impure air therefrom; and it consists in the employment of a glazed
sash or frame placed in an inclined direction opposite to the window or opening so as
to extend the whole width of the same and leave a small space at the top in com-
bination with a similar sash or frame, also placed in an inclined direction and
suitably supported, but arranged at a lower level than the other sash or frame
and so as to slightly overlap the saine with a sufficient space between the two for
the passage of the impure air. When the window is open (assuming that the Inven-
tion is applied to an ordinary window) the impure air passes out from the
apartinent or other place beneath the first incline and round its bottom edge and
over the top edge of the second incline, and also a portion of it over the top edge
of the first incline whilst fresh air is admitted below the lower edge of the second
incline and enters the apartment or other place without occasioning draft or in-
convenience to the occupants. If desired the first incline may be arranged so as
to overlap the second incline instead of the converse arrangement, but the latter
as first herein-before described is preferred. It is obvious that a board or a plate
of any suitable rigid material may be substituted for the glazed sash or frame, but
the transparent appliances are by preference employed. The sides of the sashes or
frames should also be glazed. The sashes or frames may be placed vertically in lieu
of at an incline, and if desirable one of them may in that case be dispensed with.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said John Banks in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 30th November
1876.
JOHN BANKS, of Cork, Ireland, Grocer.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN VENTILATORS."
My said Invention relates to appliances to be fitted to a window or other
opening of an apartment, carriage, or other place for admitting fresh air thereto
and checking the down draft whilst allowing impure air to escape therefrom, and
[Price Gd.]

page_text: it consists, according to one modification, in the employment of a glazed sash or
frame placed in an inclined direction opposite to the window or opening so as to
extend the whole width of the same and leave a small space at the top in coin-
bination with a similar sash or frame, also placed in an inclined direction and
suitably supported, but arranged at a lower level than the other sash or frame and 5
so as to slightly overlap the same with a sufficient space between the two for the
passage of the impure air. The sides of the sashes or frames are also by preference
glazed. When the window is open (assuming that the Invention is applied to an
ordinary window). The impure air passes out from the apartment or other place
beneath the first incline and round its bottom edge and over the top edge of the
second incline, and also a portion of it over the top edge of the first incline, whilst
fresh air is admitted below the lower edge of the second incline and enters the
apartment or other place without any down draft. If desired the first incliue may
be arranged so as to overlap or cover the second incline in lieu of the converse
arrangement herein-before described, also a third incline or covering may be em-
ployed in addition to the other two, and the series may be further increased to any
desired extent. It is obvious that a board, plate, or bar of any suitable rigid
material may be substituted for the glazed sash or frame, also that the sash or
frame may contain a sheet of any suitable material, but the transparent appliances
are by preference employed.
According to another modification the sashes or frames are placed vertically in
lieu of at an incline a similar effect being thereby obtained.
I propose to designate my appliances the "peak ventilator and down draft check.”
And in order that my said Invention may be fully understood I shall now pro-
ceed more particularly to describe the same, and for that purpose shall refer to the
several Figures on the annexed Sheet of Drawings the same letters of reference
indicating corresponding parts in all the Figures.
Figure 1 of the accompanying Drawings represents a vertical section of a window
having a ventilator applied thereto according to one mode of carrying out my
Invention, and Figure 2 is an end view of the ventilator detached.
Figure 3 represents in vertical section a modification of the ventilator shewn in
Figures 1 and 2.
Figure 4 represents a vertical section of a window having a ventilator applied
thereto according to another modification, and Figure 5 is an end view of the
ventilator detached.
a, Figure 2, is a skeleton frame, two of which are employed attached by
projections at b to the sides of the window opening. The frames a are partly
composed of inclined bars c, d, to which are fitted plates e, f, Figure 1, of glass or
other suitable material, which are thus arranged at an angle opposite to the
window g, and extend the whole width of the saine. The plate e is carried up to
within a short distance of the top of the window so as to leave a small space as
shown at h, whilst the plate f, which is situate at a lower level than the plate e, is
arranged so as to slightly overlap the same but leave a sufficient space between the
two plates for the passage of the impure air. The frames « are also each fitted
at their side faces with a plate i of glass or other suitable material, as shown in
Figure 2.
The ventilation of an apartment or other place is effected in the following
manner-The window g being opened, as shewn in Figure 1, the impure air pusses
out beneath the plate e and round its bottom edge and over the top edge of the
plate f, as indicated by the full arrows in the Drawing (and also a small portion of
it through the space ), whilst fresh air is admitted below the lower edge of the
plate fand passes up underneath the plate e, as shewn by the dotted arrows in the
Drawing, and over the top of the open window g, thus entering the apartment
or other place without down draft.
In the modification shewn in Figure 3 the plates e, f, are arranged vertically in
lieu of being placed at an angle, the action being similar to that herein-before
described with reference to the arrangement, Figures 1 and 2.

page_text: According to the modification illustrated in Figures 4 and 5 the plates e, f, are
inclined as in the arrangement, Figures 1 and 2, but the plate fis carried up to
within a short distance of the top of the window opening so as to entirely cover
the plate e which terminates at its upper part at a greater distance from the top
of the window opening than in the arrangement shewn in Figures 1 and 2. The
impure air escaping from the top of the open window g passes under the plate e
around its lower edge, and over the upper edge of the plate f, in the direction
indicated by the full arrows in Figure 4, fresh air entering beneath the lower edge
of the plate f and passing up between the two plates and over the upper edge of
the plate e, and thence through the open window into the apartment, as shewn by
the dotted arrows in that Figure.
It is obvious that the details may be further modified in various ways. For
example, the plates e, f, i, may be perforated if required, and they may be supported
otherwise than in the manner herein-before described, more especially when they
are composed of wood, tin, or other hard material in substitution for glass. The
ventilator may also be fitted to a window or aperture between two adjoining
chambers, as well as to a window or opening communicating directly with the
external atmosphere.
The peak ventilator and down draft check possesses the following advantages,
videlicit:-It allows the top sash of the windows to be lowered during beating rain.
On opening the top sash of the window it allows the vitiated air to make its escape
upward. When made of glass it offers no obstruction to the admission of light.
On opening the top sash it allows fresh air to enter the apartment and at the
same time checks the down draft.
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of my said
Invention, and the manner in which the same is or may be used or carried into
effect, I would observe in conclusion that what I consider to be novel and original,
and therefore claim as the Invention secured to me by the herein-before in part
recited Letters Patent is, the application to the upper part of a window or other
opening of a series of plates, sheets, bars, or boards arranged so that the one shall
overlap or cover or partially cover the other, for the purpose of allowing the heated
and impure air to escape upwards whilst interposing an obstruction to the force of
the wind, and at the same time admitting fresh air to the apartment, substantially
as herein-before described and illustrated by my Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Banks, have to this my Specification set
my hand and seal, this Twenty-seventh day of November, One thousand
eight hundred and seventy-six.
Witness to,
John Banks' signature,
WILLIAM HOSFORD,
Shop Assistant,
27 Nov. 1876.
4, Copley Place,
Cork,
JOHN BANKS. (L.S.)