CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR RAISING AND FORCING FLUIDS
Year: 1833

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOHN
READ, of Regent Street, in the County of Middlesex, Mechanist, send
greeting.
WHEREAS His present most Excellent Majesty King William the Fourth,
by His Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date
at Westminster, the Nineteenth day of August; in the fourth year of His
reign, did, for Himself, His heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said John Read, His especial licence, full power, sole privilege and authority,
that I, the said John Read, my exors, admors, and assigns, or such others
as I, the said John Read, my exors, adiñors, or assigns, should at any time.
agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times during the term
of years therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise,
and vend, within England, Wales, and the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed,
my Invention of “CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR
RAISING AND FORCING FLUIDS;" in which said Letters Patent is contained a
proviso that I, the said John Read, shall cause a particular description of the
nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed,
to be inrolled in His said Majesty's High Court of Chancery within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said in part
recited Letters Patent, as in and by the same, reference being thereunto had,
will more fully and at large appear.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
John Read, do hereby declare the nature of my Invention, and the manner in
which the same is to be performed, are fully described and ascertained in and
by the following description thereof, reference being had to the Drawing hereunto
annexed, and to the figures and letters marked thereon (that is to say)
My Invention consists,―
:-
First, in a peculiar arrangement of valves and pump barrel within an air
vessel or chamber to pumps, whereby I am enabled, by the working of a
single piston, to produce a constant action similar to that produced by two
cylinders.
Secondly, a peculiar arrangement and application of valves an air vessel or
chamber to syringes such as are used for stomach pumps and for administering
glisters and other fluids.
In order that my Invention may be fully understood and carried into effect,
I will describe the Drawings hereunto annexed.
Fig. 1 represents a section of a pump constructed according to my Inven-
tion, A being the working barrel, and B the piston. C is an outer cylinder or
vessel, which acts as an air vessel, as will hereafter be fully described.
Fig. 2 represents a plan of the lower part of the pump, taken as if the
upper part was removed. D, E, F, and G are four valves, D and E being
the induction valves, and F and G the eduction valves.
Fig. 3 represents a plan of the lower part of the pump taken at the dotted
line a, b, by which the waterways are clearly indicated. It will be seen that
this bottom part is divided into three compartments, and thus form distinct.
chambers H, I, and J, the chambers H and I forming the induction chambers
to the pump barrel, and the chamber J is that into which the water is forced
'by each stroke of the piston up and down. The under part of this chamber J
is divided by a partition, by which the water which is forced from the under
part of the piston is divided from the water which comes from above the piston.
K is the eduction pipe leading from the chamber J, there being an opening
all round in the plate L, by which the air contained in the air vessel is
enabled to react on the water contained in that chamber J, as will be fully
described hereafter. M is an opening formed at the top of the working
barrel A for the passage of the water, which is admitted to the valve D to flow
into the barrel A above the piston, there being a pipe or trunk N formed from
top to bottom of the two cylinders A and C, which forms a waterway from
the chamber I; but such waterway has no communication with the chamber
H, so that the water which enters the cylinder or barrel A at the descending
of the piston is forced back again down the trunk or pipe N, through the

page_text: opening
in the chamber I, under the chamber J, and up through the
valve F. By the plan, Fig. 3, it will be seen that the bottom plate L of the
barrel A has an opening Q, by which the water which rises through the
valve E flows under the piston at the ascent of the piston. The whole space.
between the cylinders A and C, with the exception of the pipe or trunk N,,
forms an air chamber by which the flow at the pipe K will be equalized.
Having now described the manner of combining the various parts, I will,
proceed to describe their action, in doing which I will suppose the piston B to:
be ascending, by which action the water will rise through the valve E,
into the chamber H, and thence through the opening Q, into the barrel.
or cylinder A of the pump, and by the return of the piston the water.
under the piston will be forced through the opening Q, down the pas-
sage R, under the chamber J, and thence up through the valve G into
the chamber J. It will be evident that in the descent of the piston B the,
water will flow up through the valve D, up the trunk or pipe N, into the top
of the cylinder A. The upstroke of the piston will force back the water
through the trunk N into the chamber I, and thence under the chamber J.,
and will be forced up through the valve F, and by means of the air contained
between the two cylinders A, C, reacting on the water continually forced into
the chamber J through the valves F and G, a nearly uniform flow of water
will be constantly flowing out at the eduction pipe K during the working of
the pump.
It will be evident from the above description, that if this pump
be placed in such manner as to be immersed at its lowest part in water, the
working of the piston will cause a constant flow at the pipe K; or, by affixing
a suction pipe to the under part of the pump in such manner as to open under
the valves D and E, such pipe descending into a well or other place, water or
other fluid will be raised therefrom, and forced out from the pipe K.
I will now proceed to describe the second part of my improvements, which
relate to stomach pump and syringes for administering glisters and other
fluids.
Fig. 4 shows a section of a stomach pump, or a pump for administering
glisters, A being the working barrel or cylinder, B the piston, and C the outer
cylinder, the space between these two cylinders forming an air chamber P,
the bottom plate of the pump barrel A, there being an opening at V for the
passage of the fluid into the barrel. The manner in which the parts are
combined is clearly indicated in the Drawing. W is the lower valve, and X
the upper valve, the lower valve covering the induction pipe Y, and the upper
valve X covering an opening formed in the chamber Z, which chamber is open
to the space between the two cylinders A and C, but has no connexion with

page_text: the under part of the cylinder A, excepting through at the valve X. The
various pipes and apparatus suitable for stomach pumps, and also for syringes
for administering glisters and other fluids, being well known, it will not be
necessary to enter into any description of these parts. I will now proceed to
describe the manner of action. The lifting the piston B will cause the fluid
to flow up through the valve W, and fill the pump barrel A, and the descent
of the piston will force the fluid back against the valve W, which will prevent
its return; it will, consequently, find vent up through the valve X, and pass
off at the pipe S, and if the flow of water through the valve X be quicker
than its exit by the pipe S, it will rise up between the two cylinders A and C,
and tend to condense the air therein, which, reacting at the ascent of the
piston, will continue to press out the fluid.
Having now described the nature of my Invention, and the manner of
carrying the same into effect, it will be evident that, although I have shown
the pump barrel as being concentric within the outer vessel, yet it is evident
that this position is not essential, as the same may in some instances be placed
on one side. And I would have it understood, that I lay no claim to any of
the parts separately of which the pumps are constructed, they being well
known; and although I have only shown spherical valves, I do not confine
myself to the use of the same, as other valves may be used. But what I
claim as my Invention is, the peculiar arrangement of valves and pump barrel
within an outer or air vessel for pump applicable to the various purposes for
raising and forcing fluids. And,
Secondly, I claim the peculiar arrangement of valves and air chamber to
stomach pumps and syringes for administering glisters and other fluids.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Read, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, the Nineteenth day of February, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and thirty-four.

page_text: In the Matter of a Patent granted to me, JOHN READ, of Regent
Street, in the County of Middlesex, Machinist, for my Invention of
"CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR RAISING
AND FORCING FLUIDS," bearing date at Westminster, the Nineteenth
day of August, in the fourth year of the reign of His present
Majesty King William the Fourth; to which said Patent the
said John Read, did inrol a Specification on the Nineteenth of
February, 1834.
DISCLAIMER to be entered by me, the said John Read, with the Clerk
of the Patents of England, pursuant to an Act passed in the fifth and
sixth year of His present Majesty's reign, entituled "An Act to amend
the Law touching Letters Patent for Inventions."
And whereas I did describe certain constructions of pumps and syringes,
and did claim, first, a peculiar arrangement of valves and pump barrel within
an outer or air vessel for pumps applicable to the various purposes for raising
and forcing fluids; and, secondly, a peculiar arrangement of valves and air
chamber to stomach pumps, and syringes for administering clysters and other
fluids. And whereas I have since been informed that an apparatus or foun-
tain, consisting of a globular vessel and a pump within it, the outlet or jet
pipe having a stopcock, was made previous to the date of my Patent. And in
using such apparatus or fountain the lower end was inserted into a vessel
containing water, and the pump worked, by which water was forced into the
globular vessel, condensing the air therein; and when filled with water to
the extent the air would permit, the handle of the pump was made fast, and
became the means of carrying the apparatus or fountain to the place where
it was to be used, when the stopcock on the outlet or jet pipe being opened
the water was forced out by the condensed air expanding into its original.
bulk. And I have been advised that it may be supposed from the wording
of my claims to Invention, that I claimed such an apparatus, which was not
my intention; I do therefore disclaim any pumping apparatus or machinery
placed within an external vessel which is capable of being charged with water
as above described, and the water forced therefrom merely by the expanding
of the air previously condensed by the act of filling the external vessel with
water, and so much of my said Specification (if any) as may appear to lay claim
thereto, intending strictly to confine my Invention, so far as it relates to the

page_text: application of the external vessel C described in my Specification, that it shall
be an air vessel enclosing the pump barrel, for the purpose of equalizing the
jet or flow of water during the time the piston of the pump is working.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Read, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this Thirty-first day of May, One thousand eight hundred
and thirty-seven.
To the Clerk of the Patents of England.
This is to certify that John Read, of Regent's Street, in the County of Middle-
sex, Machinist, has applied to me for leave to enter with you the above-written
Disclaimer of part of the Specification of a certain Invention for which Letters
Patent were duly granted to him under the Great Seal, dated the 19th day
of August, 1833, and the Specification of which was enrolled on the 19th day
of February, 1834; and on considering the said application, I directed bim to
advertize his said Disclaimer in the London Gazette and in the Morning
Chronicle and Times Newspapers, and such advertizements have been duly
made in the said Gazette on the 2nd day of June, and in the Morning
Chronicle and Times Newspapers on the First day of the same month,
1837, and no objection having been made to the said application, I have
accordingly granted leave to the said John Read to file his said Disclaimer,
pursuant to the Statute passed in the 6th year of His late Majesty King
William the Fourth, entitled An Act to amend the Law touching Letters
Patent for Inventions.
AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the Fifth day of July, in the year of
our Lord 1837, the aforesaid John Read came before our said Lady the
Queen in Her Chancery, and acknowledged the Disclaimer aforesaid, and all
and every thing therein contained and specified, in form above written. And
also the Disclaimer aforesaid was stamped according to the tenor of the
Statute made for that purpose.

page_text: In the Matter of a Patent granted to JOHN READ, of Regent Street,
in the County of Middlesex, Machinist, for his Invention of
"CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR RAISING
AND FORCING FLUIDS," bearing date at Westminster, the Nineteenth
day of August, One thousand eight hundred and thirty-three, to
which Letters Patent a Specification was duly inrolled.
DISCLAIMER proposed to be entered by the said John Read with the
Clerk of the Patents of England, pursuant to the Act passed in the fifth
and sixth year of the reign of His late Majesty, intituled "An Act to
amend the Laws touching Letters Patent for Inventions."
I, the said John Read, in the Specification inrolled by me to my said
Patent, described and claimed as the second part of my Invention "the
"peculiar arrangement of valves and air chambers to stomach pumps and
"syringes for administering clysters and other fluids." And since I inrolled
my said Specification I have discovered that it would be injurious, should air,
in the act of using a pump for administering clysters and other fluids to the
human body, be forced in with the fluid, I do therefore disclaim as a useful
Invention the using of an air vessel surrounding a stomach pump or pumps
for administering clysters and other fluids, but do retain my claim of Inven-
tion to the peculiar arrangement of valves shown in Figure 4, when used
without the air vessel for stomach pumps, and for administering clysters and
other fluids.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Read, have hereunto set my hand,
this Seventh day of February, One thousand eight hundred and thirty-
V.D.)
To the Clerk of the Patents of England.
This is to certify, that the above-named John Read has applied to me for
leave to enter with you the above-written Disclaimer of part of his Specifi-
cation of a certain Invention for which Letters Patent were duly granted to
him under the Great Seal, dated the 19th day of August, 1833, and the
Specification of which was inrolled on the 19th day of February 1834; and
on considering of the said application, I directed him to advertize his
said Disclaimer in the London Gazette and in the Times and Morning

page_text: Chronicle Newspapers, and such advertizements have been duly made in the
said Gazette on the 11th day of January 1839, and in the Times and
Morning Chronicle on the 12th day of the same month, and no objection
having been made to the said application, I have accordingly granted leave
to the said John Read to file his said Disclaimer, pursuant to the Statute
passed in the 6th year of His late Majesty, entitled An Act to amend the Law
touching Letters Patent for Inventions.