IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PRO- DUCTION OF DESIGNS UPON ROLLERS OR SURFACES FOR PRINTING STAMPING OR EMBOSSING
Year: 1883

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Joseph Julius Sachs of Union Court Old Broad Street
in the City of London for an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PRO-
DUCTION OF DESIGNS UPON ROLLERS OR SURFACES FOR PRINTING STAMPING
OR EMBOSSING"
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Joseph Julius Sachs at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 30th June 1883.
JOSEPH JULIUS SACHS of Union Court Old Broad Street in the City of London
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PRODUCTION OF DESIGNS UPON ROLLERS OR SURFACES
FOR PRINTING STAMPING OR OTHER PURPOSES
"
According to my Invention I proceed as follows-
I take a roller or plate or other body consisting of metal or other suitable
substance or material which may be cleaned first by a weak acid or other suitable
chemical to remove any grease or dirt-The roller or other body or other surface
is then exposed to the action of the sand blast or similar contrivance, wherein,
however, mictallic or other hard particles may be used in place of sand-By this
means the polish is evenly taken off the surface, thus covering it with a fine grain,
half tones can also be reproduced in this manner easily and perfectly
By using coarser or finer sand or its substitute or more or less power a coarser
or finer grain can be produced as may be required, for instance some parts after
being treated first with fine sand and a little power might bo covered with paper
or any other substance resisting the action of the sand and the other parts then
treated with coarser sand and more power so that different grains will be obtained
on the same surfaco
The surface is afterwards cleaned with weak acid or other chemicals to free it
from any dust which may be on it and it is then ready for engraving or for
transferring thereto designs patterns or drawings produced by the action of light
or in any other suitable way; this can be carried out in different ways, for example
I take a roller or plate or other body of any suitable shape and I cover the same
with any suitable sensitive solution, for example as described in the Specification
of my patents 1909 and 266³¹ or any other similar solution or substitute having

page_text: sensitive solution adhere to ordinary metallic or other surfaces especiany
said surface is curved or rounded.
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By treating surfaces as hercinbefore described it will readily absorb or receive
any sensitive solution or any design drawing or pattern produced in sticky or
greasy ink or paint or color containing gun or other substance having similar
properties either directly or by transfer from any other suitable material such as
paper cloth or other fabrics or materials
It is also quite easy to draw or write on any metallic or other surface with
pencils of any description or with ink after the said surface has been treated as
hereinbefore described
After the sensitive layer is dry I expose it to the action of light under any
negative or positive design which may be made in glass paper gelatine or any
other suitable material or substance which is transparent the exposure being of
duration sufficient to allow the light to act through it upon the sensitive layer,
when sufficiently exposed I remove the glass or other material or substance.-[
then wash the surface by preference in a dark room. I then dry the said surface
by fans or any other convenient means but by preference by means of a current of
cold or hot air and then I cover the surface by means of a sponge or by means of
another roller or by other means which may be convenient with a solution of gum
or other substance having similar properties-I allow the gum or like substance to
dry a little and I wash it over with water (but this is not absolutely necessary)
and then I cover the entire surface by a roller or otherwise with greasy or fatty
ink or solutions of asphaltum rosin or compositions thereof, resisting the action of
an etching or galvanic bath as mentioned in the Specification of my previous
patents 1908 and 26th
This manipulation can be varied-In some cases, for example, I may after taking
the transparency from the sensitive layer at once treat it with a greasy ink or
other material or substance having similar properties and treat afterwards with
gum or its equivalent as herein before mentioned. This manipulation can be
repeated until the film of ink or its substitute is strong enough to resist the action
of the etching, solution or galvanic bath-The photograph or pattern or design
which is produced by the action of light or by sticky ink will when washed shew
itself perfectly clear on the dark ground as the grensy ink will not stick on the
parts which have been treated with gum or its equivalent and the surface is then
ready for etching or for the galvanic bath-If very strong etching solutions are
used I may dust the greasy ink or resisting film with a fine powder of bitumen
rosin or black lead or other similar material which will stick very well on the
greasy ink
After this manipulation which can be varied in different ways the surface is
ready for etching or engraving as described in iny previous patents 190990 & 26681
but prefer to etch or engrave according to another part of my present Invention
which is especially applicable for steel and other fino work. This consists in
Hitherto
effecting the etching or engraving under a vacuum or partial vacuum.
the great drawbacks in the etching or engraving processes are the gas and air
bubbles which are formed in the course of most etching processes as the gas keeps
on forming and the air bubbles stick on the resisting parts of the design or sketch
which might consist of asphaltum bitumen or any other resistants generally used;
these bubbles run into one another and loosen the fine lines of the resisting
substance, especially if the well known process of dusting be used, so that the acid
undermines the fine lines. The way by which I overcome this, and which is very
important for any kind of etching process is as follows-
I place the roller or other body or surface to be etched or engraved into a
chamber which can be made air tight; by preference I connect thereto by means
of a tube or its equivalent another chamber containing the etching solution and
then I connect it with an air pump or other suitable exhausting device and exhaust
the air out of the etching chamber and allow the etching solution to enter the

page_text: etching chamber; all the air bubbles or the gas which are developed by the etching
process will be exhausted continuously as they are produced and the etching
Solution will act more perfectly and there is no danger of undermining or
destroying any fine work. In some cases where revolving or other motion of the
surfaces is of advantage. I might provide the vacuum. chamber with a clock-
work or other motor which will keep the surface under treatment in constant
motion. An Electric Current might be connected if necessary as mentioned in
my previous patent.
If large solids or blotches known to every Calico printer are to be printed from
rollers or surfaces the said rollers or Surfaces might, after being treated by the
sand blast, be varnished and covered with what is known to every printer as a
crossed edge line or other suitable line or stipple and the design or pattern
transferred as horeinbefore described on to the so prepared roller or surface

page_text: the said Joseph Julius Sachs in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
19th December 1883.
JOSEPH JULIUS SACHS-of-Union-Court-Old-Broad-Street-in-the-Gity-of-London-
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PRODUCTION OF DESIGNS UPON ROLLERS OR SURFACES
FOR PRINTING STAMPING OR EMBOSSING
"
According to my Invention I proceed as follows I take a roller or plate or other
body consisting of metal or other suitable substanco or material which may be
cleaned first by a weak acid or other suitabló chemical to remove any grease or
dirt. The roller or other body or other surfaco is then exposed to the action of
the sand blast or similar contrivances wherein however metallic or other hard
particles may be used in place of sand. By this means the polish is evenly taken
off the surface thus covering it with a grain. Half tones can by this means be
easily and perfectly reproduced upon the surface upon which designs are to be
produced.
By using coarser or finer sand (or its substituto) or more or less power, a coarser
or finer grain can be produced as may be required for instance, after a part or
parts or the whole of the surface has been treated, first with fine sand and a little
power, parts might be covered with paper or any other substance resisting the
action of the sand and the other parts be then treated with coarser sand and more
power so that different grains will be obtained on the same surface.
The surface is afterwards cleaned with weak acid or other chemicals to free it
from any dust or dirt which may be on it and it is then ready for engraving or for
transferring thereto designs, patterns or drawings produced by the action of light
or in any other suitable way, this can bo carried out in different ways, for
example I take a roller or plate or other body of any suitable shape and I cover
the same with any suitable sensitive solution for example such as described in the
Specifications of my Patents 1909 of One thousand eight hundred and eighty and
266 of One thousand eight hundred and eighty one or any other similar solution
or substitute having similar properties. It is well known to practical men how
difficult it is to make a sensitive solution adhere to ordinary metallic or other
surfaces, especially when the said surface is curved or rounded. By treating surfaces
as hereinbefore described it will readily receive and hold any sensitive solution or
any design drawing or pattern produced in sticky or greasy ink or paint or color
containing Gum or other substance having similar properties, either directly or by
transfer from any other suitable material such as paper cloth or other fabrics or
materials.
It is also quite easy to draw or write on the metallic or other surface so prepared
with pencils of any description or with ink.
Where a sensitive layer is used I expose it after it is dry to the action of light
under any negative or positive design which may be made in glass paper Gelatine
or any other suitable material or substance which is transparent or which will
allow the passage of light at the required parts the exposure being of duration
sufficient to allow the light to act thoroughly upon the exposed parts of the
sensitive layer. After sufficient exposure I remove the glass or other material or
substance in a dark room and put a very thin film of greasy ink or the like over
the surface which I then wash. I then dry the said surface by fans or any other
convenient means but by preference by means of a current of cold or hot air and
then I cover the surface by means of a sponge or by means of another roller or by
other means which may be convenient with a solution of Gum or other substance

page_text: having similar properties. I allow the Gum or like substance to dry a little and I
then preferably wash it over with water. and then I apply by a roller or otherwise
a greasy or fatty ink or solutions of asphaltum resins or compositions thereof
capable of resisting the action of an etching or Galvanic bath as mentioned in
the Specifications of my previous Patents 19090 and 26681 This manipulation
can be repeated until the film of ink or its substitute is strong enough to resist the
action of the etching solution or galvanic bath. The photograph or pattern or
design which is produced by the action of light or by sticky ink will when
washed shew itself perfectly clear on the dark ground as the greasy ink will not
stick on the parts which have been treated with Gum or its equivalent and the
surface is then ready for etching or for the Galvanic bath. If very strong etching
solutions bo used I may dust the greasy ink or resisting film with a fine powder of
bitumen or resin or black lead or other similar material which will stick very well
on the greasy ink.
After this manipulation which can be varied in different ways, the surface is
ready for etching or engraving which may be effected in any convenient way, for
example, as described in my previous Patents 190980 and 266 but I prefer to etch
or engrave according to another part of my present Invention which is especially
applicable for steel and other fine work. This consists in effecting the etching or
engraving under a vacuum or partial vacuum or during the withdrawal of air and
gases from the etching chamber or vessel. thereby avoiding the great drawbacks in
the etching or engraving processes arising from the formation of Gas and air
bubbles which takes placo in the course of most etching processes as the Gas keeps
on forming and the air bubbles stick on the resisting parts of the design or sketch,
consisting of asphaltum bitumen or other resistance which may be used. These
bubbles run into one another and loosen the fine lines of the resisting substance
especially if the well known process of dusting be used so that the acid undermines
the fine lines. To prevent this is very important for any kind of etching or biting
in process. The following is the manner in which this part of my Invention may
be carried into effect. I place the roller or other body or surface to be etched or
engraved into a chamber which is preferably made air tight and I connect thereto
by means of a tube or its equivalent another chamber containing the etching
solution and I also connect the etching chamber with an air-pump or other suitablo
exhausting device and exhaust the air out of the etching chamber and allow the
etching solution to enter thereinto. By continuing the action of the exhausting
device during the etching process, all the air bubbles or the Gas which aro
developed by the etching process will be exhausted continuously as they are
produced and the etching solution will act more perfectly and there is no danger
of undermining or destroying any fine work. In some cases where revolving or
other motion of the surfaces is of advantage I might provide the vacuum chamber
with a clockwork or other motor which will keep the surface under treatment in
constant motion. An electric current might be employed if necessary as mentioned
in the aforesaid Specifications of my said prior patents.
If large solids or blotches known to every Calico printer are to be printed from
rollers or surfaces the said rollers or surfaces might after being treated by the Sand
blast be varnished and covered with what is known to every printer as a cross
edged or cross-hatched line or other suitable line or stipple and the design or
pattern transferred as herein before described on to the so prepared roller or
surface.
In the term, rollers, I include Mills or dies for use in transferring the designs on
to their surfaces.
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of my said
Invention and the manner in which the same is or may be used or carried into
effect I would observe in conclusion that what I consider to be novel and original
and therefore claim as the Invention secured to me by the herein-before in part
cited Letters Patent is :-
First. Producing designs upon rollers or surfaces for printing stamping or

page_text: embossing by first submitting the said rollers or surfaces to the action of a Sand-
blast or the impact of hard particles to produce a grained ground thereon, then
applying a sensitive solution to the said grained ground or tranferring or pro-
ducing thereon a design in greasy ink or other resist and subsequently treating the
said rollers or Surfaces so prepared substantially as and for the purposes hereinbefore
described.
Second. Producing designs upon rollers or surfaces for printing stamping or
embossing by first submitting the said rollers or surfaces to the action of a Sand-
blast or the impact of hard particles, so as to produce a grained ground thereon,
then_covering_or_protecting a portion or portions thereof with a Stencil or resisting
medium and again treating with Sand or hard Particles in such a manner as to
produce a ground with different grains, then, applying a sensitive solution to the
compound ground. thus produced or transferring or producing thereon a design in
a greasy ink or other resist and subsequently treating the said rollers or surfaces so
prepared substantially as and for the purposes herein before described.
Third. In the production of designs upon rollers or surfaces for printing stamping
or embossing, effecting the etching, engraving or biting-in of the design under
a vacuum or partial vacuum or during the withdrawal of the air and Gases
substantially as and for the purpose hereinbefore described.
In witness whereof I the said Joseph Julius Sachs have to this my Specification
set my hand and Seal this eighteenth day of December One thousand- eight
hundred and eighty-three.