AN IMPROVED LIFT AND FORCE PUMP, CALLED CASTRAISE PUMP
Year: 1854

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Jean André Cécile Nestor Delpech, Mechanist, of
Castres, a Town of the French Empire, for the Invention of "AN
IMPROVED LIFT AND FORCE PUMP, CALLED CASTRAISE PUMP."
Sealed the 29th December 1854, and dated the 4th July 1854.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Jean André Cécile Nestor
Delpech at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 4th July 1854.
I, JEAN ANDRÉ CÉCILE NESTOR DELPECH, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED LIFT AND FORCE PUMP, CALLED CASTRAISE
PUMP," to be as follows:-
I construct the barrel of the pump in two lengths, united in the middle by
flanges and bolts and nuts. Between the flanges is placed a plate of metal,
in which is fixed an inner barrel or cylinder, of smaller diameter and somewhat
shorter than the first-mentioned or outer barrel. The outer barrel is thus
divided by the central plate into two compartments or chambers, which com-
municate with the two ends of the inner barrel, in which works a piston packed
with cupped or dished pieces of caoutchouc or leather, or other suitable
material; or the piston may be made of a solid or hollow piece of caoutchouc ;
or a solid plunger working through a stuffing box or elastic packing may be

page_text: employed in lieu of a piston. The pump is provided with valve chambers, or
a valve chamber divided into two parts, and arranged so that the course of
the water may be as direct as possible. The valves are of spherical form,
and are constructed of an elastic material, so as to insure their fitting tight
on their seats. They may be of solid caoutchouc, or they may consist of a
hollow shell or casing of caoutchouc, leather, or felt, or other clastic material,
inclosing a ball of wood, or loaded with shot or other materials. Guards
or cages are applied above the valves to prevent them from rising too
high; and other guards or cages may be applied beneath them, in order to
prevent them from being forced through their seats, in the event of their
becoming greatly compressed and reduced in diameter by the pressure of the
water or other fluid which is to be raised by the pump. By constructing the
valves in this manner, with the valve chambers arranged so as to give as direct
a passage as possible for the fluid, the pump may be worked at a considerable
velocity, and may even deliver a larger volume of fluid than is equal to the
capacity of the inner or working barrel multiplied by the number of strokes of
the piston. This is owing to the momentum acquired by the ascending column
of fluid causing an additional portion to flow through the valves even after
the piston has completed its stroke. The passages for the fluid are arranged
so as to allow the air to escape on starting the pump, or a loaded valve or
valves are applied for that purpose.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Jean André Cécile Nestor Delpech in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 2nd January 1855.
1
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JEAN
ANDRE CECILE NESTOR DELPECII, Mechanist, of Castres, a Town of the French
Empire, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Fourth day of July, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-four, in the eighteenth year of Her
reigu, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said Jean André Cécile Nestor Delpech, Her special licence that I, the
said Jean André Cécile Nestor Delpech, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, or such others as I, the said Jean André Cécile Nestor Delpech, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no
others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein

page_text: expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within
the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and
Isle of Man, an Invention for "AN IMPROVED LIFT AND FORCE PUMP, CALLED
CASTRAISE PUMP," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Jean
André Cécilo Nestor Delpech, by an instrument in writing under my hand
and seal, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause
the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months
next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Jean André Cécile Nestor Delpech,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement thereof, reference being had to the accompanying
Drawing and to the figures and letters marked thereon, that is to say:-
The Invention consists in a new construction of pump, possessing the
advantages of being economical in construction, of occupying but little space,
of being easily taken to pieces and put together, and of delivering a larger
quantity of liquid than the pumps in common use.
It comprises improvements in the valves and pistons, and in the general
arrangement, whereby the course of the water or other liquid is made as direct
and short as possible for a double-acting pump.
The Drawing shews three varieties of the improved pump.
The first arrangement is shewn in section, in Figures 1 and 2, and has a
piston, formed of bands or cups of leather, or vulcanized caoutchouc, or other
suitable material, with their edges projecting beyond the plates of metal,
between which they are fixed. The edges are forced by the pressure of the
liquid into close contact with the cylinder or barrel of the pump in which the
piston moves.
The second arrangement is shewn in Figure 3, and may be made with a
solid plunger, as shewn in Figure 6, or with a piston of caoutchouc, as shewn
in Figure 3.
The third arrangement is shewn in Figure 5, and is so constructed as to
allow of the escape of the air, when the pump is put in action, without requiring
a valve for that purpose, as in the previous arrangements. The piston is of
caoutchouc, of the construction shewn in Figure 4. The three constructions
of pistons may be employed indifferently in either of the three arrangements of
the pump.
The first arrangement of the pump is shown in Figure 1. which is a

page_text: longitudinal section, and in Figure 2, which is a transverse section of the valve
box. It consists of an outer casing a, of cast iron or other suitable material,
made in two parts, and separated by a diaphragm or partition g. The two
parts of the casing are bolted together with the diaphragm 2 between them.
To this diaphragm is firmly fixed the thin brass cylinder or barrel b, in which
moves the piston c. The piston in rising draws up the water or other liquid
which raises the ball valve d, which is limited in its motion by a stop or cage e.
When the piston descends, the water raises the ball valve f and closes d.
These ball valves are made of caoutchouc. A stop or cage g is placed under
the valve to retain it, if it should accidentally be so much compressed by the
pressure of the liquid as to be forced through its seat. The pump is double
acting, and while the lower part A of the cylinder is producing the effect
above mentioned in the compartment B of the valve box, the upper part C of
the cylinder, which communicates with the compartment D of the valve box, is
acting in a similar manner on the suction valve h and the force valve i, which
are similar to d and f. The valves i and d will thus be open when f and h
are closed, and vice versa. The compartments B and D are separated by a
partition j.
When the piston reaches the end of its stroke, the momentum of the
column of water will cause it to continue its motion for a short time. This is
owing to their being very little impediment offered to, the water on account of
the lightness of the valves, and the directness of the passage through the valve
box. The pump is thus capable of delivering a larger quantity of water than
is due to the contents of the barrel multiplied by the number of strokes.. Solid
ball valves of caoutchouc have great advantages, inasmuch as they are raised by
a very slight difference of pressure, and make a perfect joint when closed. In
lieu of making them solid, they may be made hollow, and filled with shot or
other materials, by which means balls of different weights may be obtained.
The valves may also be made of wooden balls, covered with leather or felt, or
vulcanized caoutchouc.
k, in Figure 1, is a loaded valve, which serves for the escape of the air on
starting the pump. The red lines in Figure 1 represent a section taken
through the compartment D of the valve box, while the parts coloured blue
shew a section taken through the compartment B. The two parts are similar,
except that the compartment B communicates with the lower part of the
casing a, while the compartment D communicates, with the upper part of the
Figure 3 is a section shewing the second arrangement of the pump,
the details of which are. somewhat varied. a is the casing; and, b is the
same.

page_text: cylinder or barrel, attached to a diaphragm or partition 1, which is fixed between
the two portions of the casing, as before. Tho two suction valves h¹ and d' are
placed side by side, and the two force valves e', f¹, are also placed side by side.
The two compartments B and D of the valve box are separated by partitions j.
The valves here shewn are ball valves filled with shot, as herein-before
described. The piston c' consists of a block of metal of the form shewn in
the Figure, and encased in vulcanized caoutchouc. By the ascent of the
piston the water is drawn through the valve d' into the lower part A of the
barrel, and is driven by the descent of the piston through the compartment B
and valve f. The piston in descending draws the water through the valve h
into the upper part C of the barrel, and on ascending it forces. it through the
compartment D and valve i.
.
Figure 5 is a section of the third arrangement of the pump, which is similar
to that shewn in Figures 1 and 2, excepting that the passage from the upper
part of the pump to the valve box is so made that the air can escape from the
upper part of the pump without requiring a valve for that purpose, as shewn
at k in Figure 1. This arrangement of the passage is indicated by the red
lines. In this Figure I have shewn a piston formed of a ball of vulcanized
caoutchouc C, confined between two plates of metal, as shewn separately in
Figure 4.
Figure 6 is a section showing a plunger m, working through an elastic
diaphragm or stuffing box q, which separates the upper and lower compartments
C and A of the casing a. p is the ordinary stuffing box, through which the
rod works. This plunger may be substituted for the pistons and cylinders
herein-before described. Either of the pistons and valves hercin-before
described may be employed with either of the varieties of the pump, and these
pistons and valves may also be employed in other descriptions of pumps.
Other descriptions of valves may also be employed in the different arrangements
of the pump herein-before described. The different parts of the pump may
be made of cast iron, galvanized iron, brass, or other suitable material, and it
may be employed for raising hot liquids or acid, or alkaline liquids, which are
not capable of injuring the caoutchouc valves and piston, or the materials of
which the pump is made.
Having now described the nature of my said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, I wish it to be understood that what I
claim is,
Firstly, the general arrangement or construction of pump as herein-before
described. and which I call the Castraise pump.

page_text: Secondly, the constructing the valves of pumps in manner herein-before
described.
Thirdly, the constructing the pistons of pumps in manner herein-before
described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Jean André Cécile Nestor Delpech, have
hereunto set my hand and seal, this Twentieth day of December,
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-four.
Witness,
CH. ARMENGAUD,
Ing. Civil,
Rue Filles du Calvaire, 6,
à Paris.
J. A. C. N. DELPECH. (L.S.)