IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SOAP
Year: 1880

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Philip Middleton Justice, of 14, Southampton Buildings,
in the County of Middlesex, Patent Agent, for an Invention of "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SOAP." A communication from abroad by
Louis Bastet, of Brooklyn, in the County of Kings and State of New York,
United States of America, Chemist.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Philip Middleton Justice at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 27th September 1880.
PHILIP MIDDLETON JUSTICE, of 14, Southampton Buildings, in the County of
Middlesex, Patent Agent. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SOAP."
A communication from abroad by Louis Bastet, of Brooklyn, in the County of
Kings and State of New York, United States of America, Chemist.
This Invention has reference to what are commonly known as petroleum soaps,
and consists, first, in the process of manufacture, and second, in the soap itself as
a new article. The process of manufacture effects the solidifying of the crude or
refined petroleum oils or other mineral oils or their products when forming a
constituent of a saponaceous compound. In carrying out this Invention the
following are the process and proportions employed :-I first prepare a suitable
alkali of, say, 36° by Baumé's hydrometer, which I place in a suitable vessel; I then
take equal parts of animal fatty matter and mineral oil in separate vessels, taking
the combined weight of the fatty matter and mineral oil as a standard; I then take
of the alkali enough to dissolve a little less than one half of one per cent. of boracic
acid and dissolve the acid in the alkali; I then heat the mineral oil to a tempera-
ture of about 90° Fahrenheit; I then liquify the animal fatty matter by the
application of heat, and while it is in this condition dissolve therein an amount of
boracic acid, which with that used as above will make up one half of one per cent.
of the combined weight of the fatty matter and mineral oil as stated.
The partially acidified animal fatty matter and the mineral oil being thus heated
in separate vessels are now united by gradually pouring the former into the latter,
keeping up a constant stirring or agitation in order to effect a perfect combination;

page_text: 1 then add gradually the acidified alkali, still keeping the mass in constant agitation.
The process of converting the mineral oil into a solid is completed by gradually
adding the ordinary or unacidified alkali in sufficient quantities to effect this
result, keeping up the agitation as before. When the entire mass is found to be
granulated the conversion into a saponaceous compound is complete. While animal
fatty matter only has been mentioned, the same results can be reached by the use
of vegetable fatty matter, or a mixture of animal and vegetable fatty matters. I
then finish the soap by the free use of steam. Liquefaction is accomplished by a
free jet of steam to thoroughly dis-oxygenate the saponified matter and disintegrate
the compound. After this use of steam for the purpose cited I cook the soap by
the employment of superheated steam.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Philip Middleton Justice in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 23rd
March 1881.
Philip MiddletON JUSTICE, of 14, Southampton Buildings, in the County of
Middlesex, Patent Agent. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SOAP."
A communication from abroad by Louis Bastet, of Brooklyn, in the County of
Kings and State of New York, United States of America, Chemist.
This Invention has reference to what are commonly known as petroleum soaps,
and consists, first, in the process of manufacture, and second, in the soap itself as
a new article. The process of manufacture effects the solidifying of crude or
refined petroleum oils or other mineral oils or their products when forming a
constituent of a saponaceous compound. In carrying out this Invention the
following are the process and proportions employed:-I first prepare a suitable
alkali of, say, 36° by Baumé's hydrometer, which I place in a suitable vessel; I then
take equal parts of animal fatty matter and mineral oil in separate vessels, taking
the combined weight of the fatty matter and mineral oil as a standard; I then take
of the alkali enough to dissolve a little less than one half of one per cent. of
boracic acid and dissolve the acid in the alkali; I then heat the mineral oil to a
temperature of about 90° Fahrenheit; I then liquefy the animal fatty matter by the
application of heat, and while it is in this condition dissolve therein an amount of
boracic acid, which with that used as above will make up one half of one per cent.
of the combined weight of the fatty matter and mineral oil as stated.
The partially acidified animal fatty matter and the mineral oil being thus heated
in separate vessels are now united by gradually pouring the former into the latter,
keeping up a constant stirring or agitation in order to effect a perfect combination;
I then add gradually the acidified alkali, still keeping the mass in constant
agitation.
The process of converting the mineral oil into a solid is completed by gradually
adding the ordinary or unacidified alkali in sufficient quantities to effect this
result, keeping up the agitation as before. When the entire mass is found to be
granulated the conversion into a saponaceous compound is complete. While animal
fatty matter only has been mentioned, the tame results can be reached by the use
of vegetable fatty matter, or a mixture of animal and vegetable fatty matters. I
then finish the soap by the free use of steam. Liquefaction is accomplished by a
free jet of steam to thoroughly disoxygenate the saponified matter and disintegrate
the compound. After this use of steam for the purpose cited I cook the soap by
the employment of superheated steam.
Having thus described the Invention as communicated to me by my foreign
correspondent, what I claim and desire to secure by Letters Patent is,-
First. The process of forming a saponaceous compound, consisting of combining
mineral oil with animal and vegetable fatty matter, or either boracic acid and an
alkali, substantially as set forth.
Second. As a new article of manufacture, a soap compound, consisting of
mineral oil and a fatty substance, all solidified substantially as specified.
In witness whereof, I, the said Philip Middleton Justice, have hereunto set
.
my hand and seal, this Twenty third day of March, in the year of
our Lord 1881
Witness,
ALLEN P. JONES,
14, Southampton Bldgs.,
Chancery Lane, W.C.
PHILIP M. JUSTICE. (L.S.)