IMPROVEMENTS IN VENTILATING RAILWAY CARRIAGES
Year: 1875

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Henry Gardner, of the Firm of Robertson,
Brooman, and Company, of 166, Fleet Street, in the City of
London, Patent Agents, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
VENTILATING RAILWAY CARRIAGES."-A communication from abroad by
Edward Edwin Hargreaves, of Sarnia, County of Lambton, Ontario,
Canada.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Henry Gardner at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
13th November 1875.
I, HENRY GARDNER, of the Firm of Robertson, Brooman, and Com-
pany, of 166, Fleet Street, in the City of London, Patent Agents, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
VENTILATING RAILWAY CARRIAGES," communicated to me from abroad by
Edward Edwin Hargreaves, of Sarnia, County of Lambton, Ontario,
Canada, to be as follows:-
"
This Invention relates to improvements in ventilating railway car-

page_text: riages, and has for object withdrawing the air from the interior of
the carriage at as many points as may be desired, thereby creating to a
certain extent a vacuum, which is filled with fresh uncontaminated air
from the outside, effecting as often as is necessary or desirable a complete
change in the atmosphere of the carriage, while at the same time the 5
interior of the carriage is kept free from dust.
The Invention consists (in contradistinction to those which preceed
it where the air is forcibly blown into the carriage to expel that already
there,) in forcibly withdrawing the air when the atmospheric pressure
within the carriage is less than outside, consequently nature restores the 1
equilibrium by forcing outside air into the carriage through any aper-
tures or openings that may be provided for that purpose.
To the under side of the platform or floor of a railway coach is
firmly secured a rotary exhaust fan, which communicates with a pipe in
the interior of the carriage, such pipe terminating preferably in a bell- 1
shaped mouth, or it may be provided with side apertures. Pulleys are
secured to one of the axles for carrying a belt to a shaft of an exhaust
fan.
The fan may be connected with a branching series of pipes, so
arranged as to withdraw the air from as many points in the carriage as 2
may be desired, and the mouths may be hidden by a false ceiling
extending the whole length of the carriage.
When the false ceiling is employed it should be perforated with a
series of small openings to allow the air to pass through them freely to
the mouths of the pipes; these openings may be provided with con- 2
necting slides or valves, by means of which the openings may be closed
at will.
The windows of any carriage provided with this apparatus may be
fastened, so that passengers cannot open them, and in the floor or side
walls of the carriage there should be openings (suitably protected by 3
screens to exclude foreign substances) for admission of fresh air from the
outside as fast as the inside air is exhausted.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Henry Gardner in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 13th May 1876.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, HENRY
GARDNER, of the Firm of Robertson, Brooman, and Company, of 166,
Fleet Street, in the City of London, Patent Agents, send greeting.
0
.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Thirteenth day of November, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-five, in the thirty-
ninth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said Henry Gardner, Her special
license, that I, the said Henry Gardner, my executors, administra-
tors, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Henry Gardner,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
** IMPROVEMENTS IN VENTILATING RAILWAY CARRIAGES (communicated to
me from abroad by Edward Edwin Hargreaves, of Sarnia, County of
Lambton, Ontario, Canada, upon the condition (amongst others) that
I, the said Henry Gardner, my executors or administrators, by an
instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and
seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and
cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
"
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Henry Gardner, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement thereof, that is to say :-
This Invention relates to improvements in ventilating railway car-
riages, and has for object withdrawing the air from the interior of
the carriage at as many points as may be desired, thereby creating to a
certain extent a vacuum, which is filled with fresh uncontaminated air
-

page_text: from the outside, effecting as often as is necessary or desirable a complete
change in the atmosphere of the carriage, while at the same time the
interior of the carriage is kept free from dust.
The Invention consists (in contradistinction to those which precede
it, where the air is forcibly blown into the carriage to expel that already
there) in forcibly withdrawing the air when the atmospheric pressure
within the carriage is less than outside, consequently nature restores the
equilibrium by forcing outside air into the carriage through any
apertures or openings that may be provided for that purpose.
The Drawing represents a longitudinal vertical section of a railway
carriage embodying this Invention.
A represents the platform or floor of a railway coach, to the under
side of which is firmly secured a rotary exhaust fan B, which communi-
cates with the pipe C in the interior of the carriage, which may terminate
in a partially bell-shaped mouth, or be provided with side apertures K,
as shown in the Drawings; E are the pulleys secured on the axle F.
From and around the pulleys to and around the shaft H of the exhaust
fan leads the belt I.
The fan B may be connected with a branching series of pipes, so
arranged as to withdraw the air from as many points in the carriage as
may be desired, and the mouths may be hidden by a false ceiling
extending the whole length of the carriage.
When the false ceiling is employed it should be perforated with a
series of small openings to allow the air to pass through them freely to
the mouths of the pipes; these openings may be provided with con-
necting slides or valves, by means of which the openings may be closed
at will.
The windows of any carriage provided with this apparatus may be
fastened, so that passengers cannot open them, and in the floor or side
walls of the carriage there should be openings (suitably protected by
screens to exclude foreign substances) for admission of the fresh air from
the outside as fast as the inside air is exhausted.
What I claim as the Invention and desire to secure by Letters Patent
is,-
NIST.....

page_text: Secondly. The axle F, pulleys E, belts I, and exhaust fan B, when
combined with the platform or floor of a railway carriage, as herein-
before described.
Thirdly. The combination with the exhaust fan and its adjuncts, as
herein-before described, of the pipe or series of pipes C and the carriage,
as herein-before described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Henry Gardner, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Thirteenth day of May, One thousand
eight hundred and seventy-six.