matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN ENVELOPES, WITH THE VIEW TO AFFORDING BETTER SECURITY THEREBY
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Ferdinand Rahles at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 17th November
1862.
I, FERDINAND RAHLES, of Albert Street, Camden Road, in the County of
Middlesex, Professor of Music, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN ENVELOPES, WITH THE VIEW TO AFFORDING BETTER
SECURITY THEREBY," to be as follows:-
The envelope, except as hereafter stated, is to be cut or formed in the usual
fashion by adopting flaps brought together and meeting in or near the centre,
where the same are secured together. That flap however which is folded
under the others, and is to be next to the letter or missive, is to be provided
with one or more small tongues or projections (one in the centre being the
most likely of adoption), the said projection or tongue or projections or tongues
to be covered with adhesive composition (on both sides by preference), so that
upon wetting the same as usual (the letter or missive having been inserted in
the envelope) the tongue or tongues may be secured to the letter or missive
and to the envelope. The two other flaps next to the aforesaid flap may each
be provided with a similar projection tongue or tongues serving the same
purpose. The topmost or opening flap is also to be provided with a small
tongue or flap, which may be of ornamental shape and of lacework, openwork,
or notched and covered inside with adhesive composition, the same to be wetted
and secured to the outside of the envelope, the place where it is to be secured

page_text: being by preference colored so as to be discolored if wetted, in order to prevent
the envelope being opened by steaming or wetting without evidencing the same
by injuring the lacework or openwork or by discoloration. It is evident that
to open this envelope: the last-mentioned flap must be opened, the flap detached
from the tongue or tongues, (and if these be wetted on both sides) also detached
from the letter or missive before the same can be abstracted from the envelope.
And as the letter or missive when opened will adhere to the envelope, the two
will remain together for evidence.
IMPROVEMENTS IN TREATING ALKALI WASTE TO OBTAIN SULPHUR THEREFROM
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Bath at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 23rd October
1862.
I, EDWARD BATH, of the Port Tennant Copper Works, Swansea, in the
County of Glamorgan, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN TREATING ALKALI WASTE TO OBTAIN SULPHUR THEREFROM," to
be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in treating alkali waste
to obtain sulphur therefrom. The principle on which the process is based is
the mutual decomposition which takes place when sulphurous acid gas and
sulphuretted bydrogen are brought into contact, water being formed and
sulphur precipitated. The operation is conducted as follows:-The sul-
phurous acid is produced by the calcination in muffle calciners of either copper
or iron pyrites or coarse regulus, or by the burning of sulphur.
The sulphuretted hydrogen is produced from the waste products of alkali
manufacture, viz. "alkali waste" and hydrochloric acid; by the addition of the
latter to the former sulphuretted hydrogen is evolved, and chloride of calcium
remains in solution. The two gases, vizt., sulphurous acid and sulphuretted
hydrogen, are caused to enter at the bottom of a tower filled with round
smooth pebbles, through which water is caused to percolate; the two gases,
on meeting, are decomposed, and sulphur is precipitated in a finely-divided
The action of the water is as follows:-By its means the tower is kept

page_text: at a low temperature, and the finely-divided sulphur as formed is brought out,
and thus the tower is kept in a continuous working state, and clogging is
prevented without the necessity of stopping the process to remove the accu-
mulated sulphur. The water also acts a a sort of reciprocating balance
between the two gases, as whichever may be in excess for a time is absorbed
by the water, and retained until the just combining proportions of the two
gases are restored by the workman. The water also furnishes an index of the
proper working of the process, as whichever gas may be in excess is apparent
at once by the smell of the water.
AN IMPROVED METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR CURING SMOKY CHIMNEYS
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Lawrence Wigginton at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
9th July 1862.
I, WILLIAM LAWRENCE WIGGINTON, of No. 4, Clifton Cottages, Hammer-
smith, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "AN IMPROVED METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR CURING SMOKY
CHIMNEYS," to be as follows:-
The smoke-curer consists of a lining for the sides of fire-places, with back
and top to which is attached a pipe with cap. See Drawings. The principle
is this:-The cap will intercept the heat, become very hot, and rarify the air,
around which, of course, will ascend the chimney flue, causing a partial vacuum
into which the denser air of the room will find its way driving the hot air
before it; thus, while the cause, the fire, remains, the chimney flue will be
effectually filled with a flowing volume of hot air.
I claim to have the smoke curer of any metal, ornamented or plain, and
of any dimensions either increased or curtailed; also the angle of the pipe to
be greater or less, or bent in any shape to accord with chimney flues, and the
junction to the lower portion to be funnel-shaped where more convenient.
That the lower part may be made to fit openings of fire-places, and the sides
to be either angular or circular, and that it may be diminished to any depth

page_text: between the lines B and E. The part (yellow) marked B, A, to be placed on
the hobs of common fire-grates. The pipe (blue) with cap (red) to be placed
up the chimney flue.
NBThe can to rail over one or two inches where sufficient space.
the hobs of common fire-grates. The pipe (blue) with cap (red) to be placed
up the chimney flue.
NR The cop to rail over one or two inches where sufficient space.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPLYING LUBRICATING FLUIDS TO THE JOURNALS OF RAILWAY CARRIAGES AND LOCOMOTIVE ENGINES
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Carr at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the .26th March
1862.
I, HENRY CARB, of No. 4, Victoria Street, Westminster, in the County of
Middlesex, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPLYING LUBRICATING FLUIDS TO THE JOURNALS OF
RAILWAY CARRIAGES AND LOCOMOTIVE ENGINES," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in effecting the lubrication of the journals of railway
carriages, and locomotive engines while the same are in motion, by causing a
spring fixed in the lubricating chamber or "grease box" of the axle box,
(which spring receives a vibratory motion from the shaking of the carriages
when in motion) to convey by contact a small quantity of the lubricating fluid
to a capillary thread, which thread conducts the fluid thus imparted to it to
the journal below by passing down a small tube fixed in the bottom of the
lubricating chamber or "grease box "and rising above the level of the lubri-
cating fluid. To prevent the lubricating fluid splashing about,, and to preserve.
a regular and even surface of the same,. I divide up the lubricating chamber
grease box" into cells by perforated partitions, in one of which cells I fix
the aforesaid capillary thread, conducting tube, and spring, or the vibrating end
of the spring, and I sometimes further prevent such splashing of the lubricating
fluid from taking place by placing upon the surface of the lubricating fluid
small floats of cork wood or other suitable material.. The manner of arranging

page_text: the spring and its connection with the capillary thread may be variously
modified. Thus in one arrangement I construct the vibrating end of the spring
so that it does not come in contact itself at all with the body of the lubricating
fluid, but has a certain portion of the same conveyed to a pad fixed upon it by
a piece of capillary material. The spring then by its vibrating motion imparts
the lubricating fluid to another pad, to which the capillary thread that passes
down to the journal is attached. In another arrangement I construct the
spring in such a manner, either straight or spiral, that the vibrating end
occasionally dips into or on to the surface of the lubricating fluid, or on to the
aforesaid floats, and has attached to it the one end of the capillary thread that
passes down the aforesaid tube to the journal. In another arrangement I
attach the fixed end of a spring or arm to a float on the surface of the lubri-
cating fluid instead of to a fixed point in the chamber, by which the spring or
arm is caused to roll about with the shaking of the carriage, and thus bring
the capillary thread into contact with the lubricating fluid.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF CONVEYING AIR, STEAM, GASES, AND FLUIDS TO OSCILLATING OR VIBRATING CYLINDERS AND VESSELS, AND IN THE APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Brown Wilson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
14th November 1862.
I, EDWARD BROWN WILSON, of Number 5, Parliament Street, Westminster,
in the County of Middlesex, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF CONVEYING AIR, STEAM,
GASES, AND FLUIDS TO OSCILLATING OR VIBRATING CYLINDERS AND VESSELS, AND IN
THE APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to a peculiar mode of forming the connection of a
steam blast or other pipe with an oscillating or vibrating vessel or cylinder.
As an example of the application of this Invention, in lieu of the ordinary
method of conveying air to the atmospheric converting vessels oscillating on
trunnions employed in the manufacture of iron and steel, namely, by passing
such supply of air through the trunnions of the same, it is proposed to bring
the blast pipe centrally with but disconnected from the trunnions or centres
on which the vessel turns, and as near to the same as may be convenient, at
the end of which pipe a suitable connecting joint is made that will allow the
pipe to revolve freely, such pipe being in the form of a radial arm, and con-
nected at the other end with the atmospheric vessel. This mode of conveying
air to an atmospheric converting vessel is equally applicable to the conveying
of steam to the oscillating cylinders of steam engines, and may be employed in
all cases where steam, air, gas, or fluids are required to be conveyed to vessels
or receptacles which oscillate or vibrate upon trunnions or centres.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PISTONS
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Hamer Carbutt at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 11th
April 1862.
I, EDWARD HAMER CARBUTT, of Bradford, in the County of York, Engineer,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
PISTONS," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to a peculiar construction of piston suitable for all
purposes where ordinary pistons are now used, and consists in making such
pistons of corrugated cast steel, whereby considerable lightness combined with
strength is obtained.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR MANUFACTURING VELVET
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Edward Gedge at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 30th
August 1862.-A communication from abroad by François Joseph
Ernest Flambermont and Louis Lefebvre, No. 15, Passage des Petites
Ecuries, Paris, France.
I, WILLIAM EDWARD GEDGE, of the Firm of John Gedge and Son, of
No. 11, Wellington Street, Strand, in the County of Middlesex, Patent
Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR MANUFACTURING VELVET," (a communi-
cation to me from abroad by Francois Joseph Ernest Flambermont and
Louis Lefebvre, No. 15, Passage des Petites Ecuries, Paris, France,) to
be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to work by hand machinery two pieces of
cotton velvet on one loom, and the apparatus which it is proposed to use for this
purpose will be best understood by reference to the annexed Drawing, forming
part of this my Provisional Specification, and in which 1 indicates the rod by
which motion is communicated to the mechanism; 2, fly wheel; 8, half-angular
or elbowed wheel; 4, batten; 5, driving shaft; 6, pulley working the treadle;
7, treadle cord and pulley working the treadle, known as the cording or tying
up; 8, the two beams, one being provided with a regulator; 9, break, pro-
vided with weights to uphold the beams; 10, cording or tying up; 11, lifting
wires, to which are attached the threads of the lames or blades of the shuttle
drivers; 12, lames with their charge; 18, lever and pulley of the shuttle
drivers; 14, batten; 15, stop.
AN IMPROVED ADVERTISING MEDIUM
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry George Moffatt at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 3rd
May 1862.
I, HENRY GEORGE MOFFATT, of Dalston, in the County of Middlesex,
Designer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN
IMPROVED ADVERTISING MEDIUM," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists of the employment of the wrappers of note paper
for advertising purposes. Instead of merely ornamenting them, and desig-
nating their contents as at present adopted, I print or ornament them with
any desired number of designs, and of various colours, arranged so as to
include a number of advertisements in suitable positions, or a separate
advertisement in each design or compartment. The object being to have as
many advertisements on one wrapper as may be required for utility and
ornament.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF SUBMARINE TELEGRAPHIC CABLES
Year: 1862

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Sir William O'Shaughnessy Brooke, of Euston Place,
in the County of Middlesex, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
CONSTRUCTION OF SUBMARINE TELEGRAPHIC CABLES."
Sealed the 25th November 1862, and dated the 2nd September 1862.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Sir William O'Shaugh-
nessy Brooke at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his
Petition, on the 2nd September 1862.
I, Sir WILLIAM O'SHAUGHNESSY BROOKE, of Euston Place, in the County
of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF SUBMARINE TELEGRAPHIC CABLES," to be as
follows:-
The object of this Invention is so to construct a submarine telegraphic cable
for deep sea lines that its specific gravity, and consequently its rate of sinking
as it is laid, can be regulated with precision, and a further object of the means
of construction which I adopt is the protection at the same time of the
telegraphic core against friction and other ordinary causes of mechanical
injury. These objects are attained by the use of wooden tubes, which are
threaded on to the telegraphic core. For the construction of the tubes

page_text: American beech is preferred impregnated with drying oils or melted paraffine
under great pressure; the usual length of the tubes is four inches, and the
usual diameter one inch, but these dimensions may vary, and other woods may
be used. The core is enclosed in hemp or silk lines rendered waterproof, and
preserved by any suitable preparations and coated with tape. Between the
ends of the wooden tubes are interposed elastic discs or joints of caoutchouc,
flexible vulcanite, canvas prepared with caoutchouc, leather or hemp saturated
with paraffine, wax, marine glue, or other oleaginous or resinous substances,
or other flexible material may be employed, the object being to give flexibility
to the cable with due protection to the core. To regulate the rate of sinking
there may be interposed at certain intervals tubes of iron, wood, lignum vitæ,
or other dense woods, or of marble instead of the ordinary tubes of wood
lighter than sea water.
A COATING INTENDED TO PROTECT IRON FROM RUST,, AND TO PRESERVE WOOD, CLOTH, PAPER, AND PASTEBOARD USED FOR PACKING OR ROOFING
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Theodore Vicomte de Veye at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
31st May 1862.
I, THEODORE VICOMTE DE VEYE, of No. 15, Passage des Petites Ecuries, in
the City of Paris, in the Empire of France, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "A COATING INTENDED TO PROTECT IRON FROM RUST,, AND
TO PRESERVE WOOD, CLOTH, PAPER, AND PASTEBOARD USED FOR PACKING OR ROOFING,"
to be as follows:-
I propose protecting iron from oxydation and preserving wood and other
material by employing the carbon produced in the distillation of coal in gas
factories, and which adheres to the sides of the retorts. This substance,
reduced to an impalpable powder, forms a coating or coloring matter, which,
whether employed in powder or first mixed with the excipients used in painting,
thoroughly effects the purposes above set forth. But it is necessary to apportion
this powdered carbon obtained from the retorts with other substances equally
refractory, varying in weight, and having a natural coloring basis, but like the
carbon (which is an hydrocarbonide) exercising no chemical action on the oil,
that is to say, inoxydizable. The object of this admixture is, firstly, more
easily to incorporate the color; secondly, to hold these united powders for a
long time in an anhydrate condition insusceptible of agglutination; thirdly, to
give to the color at the moment of applying it a greater facility of extension,

page_text: and spreading under the action of the brush. To this end I mix my powders
(reduced, firstly, to an impalpable state,) as follows:-Carbon obtained from the
retorts of gas factories 68 parts; coke 15 parts; slate or preferably torrefied
ampelites 15 parts; charcoal 2 parts=100 parts. To homogeneize my
powders I use, in preference to any other excipient, linseed oil, boiled with six
or eight per cent. of sulphur, and I lay on the coating with a brush or trowel.
It will be evident from the foregoing that my Invention is based upon the
use of the carbonaceous matter adhering to the retorts used in gas factories,
and produced by the distillation of coal, which matter has never hitherto been
used as a coloring or coating for preserving iron from rust, or the other
purposes above mentioned.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF IMITATION LACE AND GUIPURE VEILS AND OTHER ANALOGOUS ARTICLES
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Ismael Isaac Abadie at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 3rd December
1862.
I, ISMAEL ISAAC ABADIE, of Rue de Mulhouse, Paris, in the Empire of
France, Commission Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF IMITATION LACE AND GUIPURE VEILS
AND OTHER ANALOGOUS ARTICLES," to be as follows:-
My Invention of improvements in the manufacture of imitation lace and
Guipure veils and other analogous articles has for its object to produce
these articles with a better appearance and more resembling real hand made
lace than the imitations at present employed for the purpose.
My first improvement consists in manufacturing the spotted or figured
groundwork with a plain border of such width that the ornamental or figured
border may be attached thereto by sewing or otherwise without the risk of
the pattern being spoiled by a spot or flower of the groundwork interfering
with the ornamental border.
Another improvement consists in making the ornamental border symmetrical,
that is, the flowers, leaves, or other designs of which the border is composed
are made to gradually decrease in size from the central part towards the
extremities of the border; and moveover the symmetrical curves of the
pattern or design are made complementary one to the other on the different
sides of the central part, that is to say, if the pattern on one side has curves
directed to the right, the pattern on the other side; although of the same

page_text: character, will have curves directed to the left. This symmetrical arrange-
ment of the pattern of the border is produced by the arrangement of the
pattern cards of the jacquard apparatus which are specially prepared and
arranged in the series to effect this object.
The last improvement relates to Guipure lace, and consists in weaving into
the fabric a stout thread or threads to which the ground threads will be
secured, so that when the piece is divided up the stout threads thus intro-
duced will form a kind of selvage whereby the Guipure may be connected to
the ground fabric which it is intended to ornament.
IMPROVEMENTS IN WICKS FOR CANDLES AND LAMPS
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Frederick Henson and
Henry Henson Henson at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 27th March 1862.
We, WILLIAM FREDERICK HENSON, of 15, New Cavendish Street, Portland
Place, in the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, and HENRY HENSON
HENSON, of 13, Parliament Street, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN WICKS FOR CANDLES AND
LAMPS," to be as follows, that is to say:-
Our Invention consists in the manufacture, use, and application of paper
wicks, or wicks composed of paper, paper machié, and other suitable materials
combined therewith for candles and lamps.
The objects of the said Invention are reduced cost and improved light.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE MANUFACTURE OF HEAD ORNAMENTS
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION. left by George Speight at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 19th June
1862.
I, GEORGE SPEIGHT, of 5, Saint John Street Road, in the County of
Middlesex, Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE MANUFACTURE OF HEAD ORNAMENTS," to be as
follows:-
My Invention has for object a mode of manufacturing head ornaments to
render them less heavy and less brittle than hitherto. For this purpose I
take strips or pieces of paper of the required size and cement them or otherwise
cause them to adhere to opposite sides of a piece of cloth, calico, or other textile
or felted fabric so as to obtain sufficient body or substance, or the paper may be
cemented or caused to adhere to one side only of the fabric. I then dye or
stain the compound material so produced in such manner as to resemble
tortoiseshell, turtleshell, or other shell; I next emboss it with the desired
device in a die, and "lace," perforate, or treat it in such manner as to remove
raised portions and obtain open parts. I afterwards varnish the substance to
get a glossy surface and bend it into shape by hand or otherwise. I lastly
sew or otherwise attach it to artificial hair, ribbon, or other material intended
to be worn on the head.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FUEL
Year: 1862

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Gilbert Stracey, of Rackheath Hall, near Norwich,
in the County of Norfolk, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FUEL."
Sealed the 30th June 1862, and dated the 3rd January 1862.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Gilbert Stracey at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 3rd
January 1862.
I, GILBERT STRACEY, of Rackheath Hall, near Norwich, in the County of
Norfolk, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FUEL," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in combining the following ingredients, matters, or
substances into a mixture or compound suitable for fuel as a substitute for
coal, that is to say, I take aluminous matter and carbonate of lime, and com-
bine them with coal and sawdust, and a very small proportion of cut straw,
in the proportions of about four parts of carbonate of lime to one part of
aluminous matter, and about four parts of sawdust to one part of coal, and
mix these together with a small quantity of cut straw; this mixture I subject
to powerful pressure, forming it into blocks of different sizes as desired. The
above fuel requires to have a small portion of coal or coke burnt with, it to
produce a brilliant and powerful fire. Fuel thus manufactured is considerably
less costly than coal or coke, and is well adapted for furnaces, kitchen ranges,
stoves, hot houses, malting, and baking houses.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN TURN-TABLES AND TURN-BRIDGES
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Ebenezer William Hughes at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 22nd
October 1862.
I, EBENEZER WILLIAM HUGHES, of 28, Great George Street, Westminster,
Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN TURN-TABLES AND TURN-BRIDGES," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in turn-tables and turn-
bridges. For these purposes in constructing the fixed circular track on which
a turn-table or a turn-bridge is supported and turns, it is formed with a hollow
groove, and by preference of an elliptical cross section, which groove is
between two circular ridges or rails suitable for the support of wheels, as here-
after mentioned. The under surface of the turn-table or turn-bridge is made
with a similar circular groove. In the groove of the fixed circular track are
placed a number of spheres on which the groove of the under side of the turn-
table or turn-bridge is supported. In the centre of the fixed circular track is
a fixed upright axis, which passes through the centre of the nave or boss of
the turn-table or turn-bridge. Small spheres are introduced between the
upright axis and the hollow centre of the boss or nave of the turn-table or
turn-bridge.. Between the circular fixed track and the turn-table or turn-
bridge there is a circular frame, which also turns on the central fixed upright
axis. This frame is composed of several radial rods or bars fixed at their inner
ends to a central boss or nave, and at their outer ends they pass through and
.

page_text: are affixed in a circular ring, which is of somewhat less diameter than the
inner ridge or rail before mentioned of the fixed circular track, and they
extend beyond the outer circumference of the fixed circular track. There is
one such radial bar or rod in the space between each two of the neighbouring
spheres which support the turn-table or turn-bridge. On each of these radial
rods or bars are two wheels, one to run on the inner circular ridge or rail, and
the other to run on the outer circular ridge or rail of the fixed circular track.
These two wheels turn freely and independently of each other, and the circular
frame between the fixed circular track and the turn-table or bridge is sup-
ported by them. On each of the radial rods or bars is a wheel which turns freely
on the rod or bar, and is of a diameter equal to or nearly so with the space
between each two neighbouring spheres, so as to touch one or both of the two
spheres, between which it is placed and by which it will be turned in an oppo-
site direction to that in which the sphere in contact with it turns when rolling
in the groove in the fixed circular track. By applying to a turn-table or turn-
bridge a combination such as is above described, the table or bridge will be not
only well supported, but it will be found to require comparatively small power
to turn it, although the weight may be very great.
IMPROVEMENTS IN GAS APPARATUS USED FOR LIGHTING CIGARS AND OTHER TOBACCO
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Clark at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 18th February
1862. A communication from abroad by Mr. Pierre Duchamp, of
29, Boulevart St. Martin, Paris, Merchant.
I, WILLIAN CLARK, of 53, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex,
Engineer and Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said In-
vention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN GAS APPARATUS USED FOR LIGHTING CIGARS AND
OTHER TOBACCO," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to an improved movable apparatus to be used in
cigar and tobacco shops by smokers for lighting cigars or tobacco, instead of
the lamps, candles, or gas jets, and splints usually employed for the purpose.
I am aware that certain Patents have already been obtained for similar
lighting apparatus, which however differ from the arrangement herein-after
described. In the former the interior arrangement of the parts renders it
difficult if not impossible to obtain emission of the gas and regulate its com-
bustion. The valves also become easily choked and obstruct the passage of
the gas so much that it becomes attenuated in volume, it is also necessary
to take the apparatus entirely to pieces to clean it, which can only be done by
an experienced hand.
This Invention relates to an improved apparatus in which all the foregoing
disadvantages are obviated, it consists of a hollow metal tube fixed to a
handle by means of a socket. The lower end of the first tube carries a

page_text: tube of smaller diameter serving for the filtration and for the burner of
the gas. The upper end of the hollow metal tube has a screw thread for
the purpose of fixing a metal stopper therein which is slightly filed so as to
allow of a small jet of gas escaping between the tubo and the stopper. This
stopper has an opening at its centre carrying a rod having a valve at its
lower part and a hook at the upper part. The valve is formed of several
round balls forming a weight which opens and closes hermetically the
opening in the stopper. The hook at the upper part of the rod is attached
to a cord of less length than that of an india-rubber tube which encloses the
whole and serves to conduct the gas.
From the foregoing it will be understood that if the apparatus is suspended
the rod carrying the valve will be raised by the short cord and consequently
the balls will close the orifice in the stopper so that the gas jet can only
escapo between the first tube and the screw thread of said stopper, while on
the contrary if the apparatus be raised the weighted ball valve will fall and
afford passage for a larger jet of gas than that which can pass through
the screw stopper, when the tobacco may be at once lighted. The apparatus
is then again, let fall, causing the valves in rising to close the orifice in the
stopper, so as only to leave the smallest jet of gas burning, which escapes
through the former.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ROTATORY ENGINES
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Henry Johnson at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 27th October
1862. A communication from abroad by Wilhelm Heinrich Christian
Voss, of Berlin, in the Kingdom of Prussia, Engineer.
I, JOHN HENRY JOHNSON, of 47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the County of
Middlesex, and of 166, Buchanan Street, in the City of Glasgow, North
Britain, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN ROTATORY ENGINES," a communication from abroad by
Wilhelm Heinrich Christian Voss, of Berlin, in the Kingdom of Prussia,
Engineer, to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to a peculiar construction and arrangement of rotatory
engine wherein a continuous rotatory motion is obtained by the successive
direct action of a number of cylinders and pistons upon two discs placed at an
angle with each other, and consists in the employment of a pair of discs, one of
which has a number of steam ports cast therein, and each disc is fixed on one
end of a separate shaft of its own. In place of the two shafts being in the
same axial line with each other they are placed at an angle so that the peri
pheries of the two discs will be nearer together at one side than the other.
The steam ports or passages communicate by means of flexible pipes with
corresponding single-acting cylinders connected by ball-and-socket joints with
the inner face of one of the discs, the corresponding pistons and rods being
similarly connected to the inner face of the opposite disc. A valve in the
centre of the disc is so arranged as to admit the steam into each port succes-
sively as the discs revolve, the steam entering that port and cylinder which is

page_text: situate at the point where the edges of the discs are nearest together. As the
steam expands the cylinder and piston tend to separate, and by their joint
action upon the inclined surfaces of the discs tend to rotate the same, bringing
the next succeeding port and cylinder under the valve, which then receives
steam in its turn, and so on, the exhaust taking place through another passage
in the valve at a point where the action of the cylinder and piston is no longer
of service. Motion is transmitted from these discs by having spur teeth
cast thereon gearing into corresponding pinions on a second motion shaft.
The bearings which support the shafts of the two disc wheels are made adjust-
able on their tables so as to regulate exactly the angles of the two shafts. In
some cases expansible chambers of vulcanized india-rubber and canvas may be
substituted for cylinders and pistons, in which case it is proposed to form them
somewhat similar to the bellows of an accordion in order that they may
expand and contract in regular folds.
AN IMPROVED METHOD OF CUTTING SHEET AND PLATE GLASS TO ANY GIVEN DESIGN, GIVING THE FINISHED FORM THE BRIGHTEST POLISH POSSIBLE
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James William Green at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
21st July 1862.-A communication from abroad by Carl Heckert, of
33, Kronen Strasse, Berlin, in the Kingdom of Prussia.
I, JAMES WILLIAM GREEN, of the Firm of E. G. Zimmermann & Co.,
of No. 2, St. Paul's Buildings, Little Carter Lane, in the City of London, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED METHOD
OF CUTTING SHEET AND PLATE GLASS TO ANY GIVEN DESIGN, GIVING THE FINISHED
FORM THE BRIGHTEST POLISH POSSIBLE," being a communication to him from
abroad by Carl Heckert, of 38, Kronen Strasse, Berlin, in the Kingdom of
Prussia, to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in subjecting the sheet, plate, and other glass to a
gradual heat in an oven (muffel oven) specially constructed; the glass is kept
in this oven until it becomes softened, then it is placed into a draught oven
(zug oven), where a great heat is obtained by means of a bellows. The glass
is then put between a lever press, which is so constructed as to cut the
rough edges cleanly off, leaving the article so pressed of the finest polish and
finish. The dies are so arranged as to cut and press the glass when of various
constructed thicknesses. When the glass is cut and pressed it must be gra-
dually cooled. Glass manipulated on this principle shews a higher degree of
polish than by any other method.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF SHIPS, BOATS, AND RAFTS
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Borthwick at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 6th May
1862.
I, GEORGE BORTHWICK, of Bedford, near Leigh, in the County of Lan-
caster, Book-keeper, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF SHIPS, BOATS, AND RAFTS,"
to be as follows:-
My improvements in the construction of ships, boats, and rafts consist in
building or forming the deck and other superstructure of the ship, boat, or
raft upon two or more pontoons or water-tight cylinders placed parallel to
each other, one pontoon constituting the support of each side of the ship,
boat, or raft. The pontoons are to be firmly stayed inside, and connected and
bound together on the outside, and are to support the superstructure of the
vessel above the surface of the water.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF MANGANESE, AND IN THE COMBINATIONS. OF MANGANESE WITH OTHER METALS
Year: 1862

page_text: |LETTERS PATENT to Emil Moritz Stoehr, of the City of Manchester,
Merchant, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF
MANGANESE, AND IN THE COMBINATIONS. OF MANGANESE WITH OTHER METALS."
- A communication from abroad by Oscar Eugen Prieger, Doctor of
Medicine, and Ferdinand Carl Prieger, both of Schloss Gereuth, near
Ebern, in the Kingdom of Bavaria.
Sealed the 7th August 1862, and dated the 20th February 1862.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Emil Moritz Stoehr at.
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
20th February 1862.
I, EMIL MORITZ STоEHR, of the City of Manchester, Merchant, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANG-
FACTURE OF MANGANESE AND IN COMBINATIONS OF MANGANESE WITH OTHER METALS,"
a communication to me from abroad by Oscar Eugen Prieger, Doctor of
Medicine, and Ferdinand Carl Prieger, both of Schloss Gereuth, near Ebern,
in the Kingdom of Bavaria, to be as follows:-
The manufacture of manganese, which has hitherto been effected by very
costly chemical processes, and the quantities produced so small that the metal

page_text: has been almost unknown for practical purposes. The object of this Invention
is to facilitate the manufacture of manganese from its various ores, and to
render the same practically and commercially valuable, either alone or com-
bined with other metals. In performing this Invention the manganese ore
is pulverised, and reduced with pulverised charcoal or other carbonaceous
substance in a crucible, the necessity of producing soluble salts of protoxide
of manganese and the dissolving of the ore by acids, as was heretofore
requisite, is thus obviated. The manganese metal produced is hard, tough,
and does not oxidise by exposure to the air. Manganese when manufactured
as above described may be used alone for many practical purposes.
The second part of this Invention consists in combining manganese with
copper, zinc, tin, nickel, iron, steel, and other metals, or alloys of metals, in
order to produce metallic compounds for various manufacturing and metallurgic
purposes. These compounds are produced by melting the manganese together
with the other metal or metals in crucibles, the proportions, which will be
given hereafter in the Final Specification, depending upon the particular
purpose for which the metallic compound is required.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN CARDING ENGINES
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Schofield Clegg and James
Slater at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition,
on the 15th November 1862.
We, JOHN SCHOFIELD CLEGG, of Oldham, in the County of Lancaster, and
JAMES SLATER, of the same Place, Machinists, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN CARDING ENGINES," to be as
follows:-
Our Invention relates to that portion of the carding engine employed for
carding fibrous materials known as the "doffer," and the Invention consists in
a novel arrangement and adaptation of mechanism for effecting the recipro-
cating motion to be given to the "doffing comb." The doffing comb is secured
at one end of a horizontal rod or lever, having a fulcrum at a convenient point
between its extremities; the opposite end of this lever is furnished with a
bowl or roller, which runs in an undulating or "snail groove," that is, having
a number of elevations and depressions formed in a disc or plate, so that as
this grooved disc rotates once round its axis the doffing comb may be caused
to vibrate any number of times, according to the number of elevations and
depressions in the groove. This effect may also be obtained by the employ-
ment of an undulating surface instead of a groove, either rotating or formed
upon a reciprocating bar.
We are aware that simple cams and eccentrics have been before employed
in doffing motions, but the chief feature of this Invention is the obtaining of a

page_text: number of vibrations of the "comb" by a single revolution of the undulating
grooved or surface disc, and acting directly upon the comb by means of an
interposed straight or horizontal lever.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THRASHING MACHINES
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Arthur Wallis and Charles Haslam
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on
the 24th January 1862.
We, ARTHUR WALLIS and CHARLES HASLAM, of Basingstoke, in the County
of Southampton, Engineers and Ironfounders, do hereby declare the nature of
the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THRASHING MACHINES," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in thrashing machines, and
consists in a peculiar arrangement of apparatus for raising the grain from the
hopper or compartment of a thrashing machine, which receives the grain from
the winnowing portion of the machine to a screen or compartment of the
thrashing machine, from which it is to be delivered into sacks or otherwise..
For these purposes a shoot is employed, the lower end of which descends into
the hopper, chamber, or compartment, where the grain is received after being:
screened or winnowed, and the upper end of the shoot rises to the position at:
or near where the grain is to be lifted to in the thrashing machine. This shoot
is continually exhausted by a fan or other suitable form of exhausting apparatus,.
and we prefer to employ for this purpose an ordinary fan, to the centre of:
which the upper end of the shoot is attached. The grain is continually raised:
by the rush of air from the outer atmosphere up the shoot to the exhausting:
apparatus, and is delivered from the upper end of the shoot to a second
winnowing apparatus, or to a screen and hopper or chamber, from which it is.

page_text: discharged into sacks or otherwise from the thrashing machine.
We prefer
that the apparatus should be so arranged that the grain as it is delivered from
the upper end of the shoot should come against a suitable surface or surfaces,
so as to be caused to separate from the currents of air, and yet admit of the
currents of air carrying with them the light grains and matters.
AN IMPROVED STRAINER FOR STRAINING AND TIGHTENING WIRE FOR FENCING AND OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Bayliss at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 24th June
1862.
I, WILLIAM BAYLISS, of the Firm of W. & M. Bayliss & Co., Flat and
Chain Cable and Iron Hurdle and Fencing Manufacturers, of Monmore
Green, Wolverhampton, in the County of Stafford, do hereby declare the
nature of my said Invention for "AN IMPROVED STRAINER FOR STRAINING AND
TIGHTENING WIRE FOR FENCING AND OTHER PURPOSES," to be as follows (that is
to say):-
My improvements consist in setting up in a frame or stand a roller or pulley
working through side supports having a deep flange on one side and an elastic
packing on the other secured on the extended axis of the roller or pulley in any
convenient way.
On the inside of the front flange a series of inclines are formed which travel
over a corresponding projecting incline formed on the face of the support for
preventing the roller or pulley from revolving but in one direction. The elastic
packing on the outer end of the pulley or roller exerts its force that as the
roller or pulley is turned around it will traverse parallel with its axis according
to the rise and fall of the inclines, which as the one in action passes over
the termination of the incline on the support, the extreme ends of the inclines
will be brought in radial contact, thereby preventing the roller turning in the
reverse direction to the required strain. As for instance, in applying this

page_text: simple apparatus to the straining of wire, the wire is first secured to the roller
or pulley, and by placing the apparatus against a suitable abutment, the roller
or pulley has to be turned with a fixed or portable winch handle or other
suitable means, and as it revolves so the wire is held and strained to the desired
tension, when it may be permanently secured in any suitable or ordinary
way.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PUDDLING FURNACES
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Charles Hill and David
Caddick at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 17th May 1862.
We, JAMES CHARLES HILL, of the Knoll, Abergavenny, Monmouthshire,
Iron Master, and DAVID CADDICK, of Ebbw Vale, Monmouthshire, Furnace
Builder, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
PUDDLING FURNACES," to be as follows:-
In
This Invention has for its object improvements in puddling furnaces.
constructing puddling furnaces according to this Invention, the iron bottom or
bed of the hearth and the arched roof over it are supported on iron columns ;
this is done in the following manner:-The bottom or bed is supported on
short columns ranged around the outer edge of the bed; on the top of these
columns a metal frame rests. This frame is open in the centre, and the outer
edge of the frame is of the same shape as the outer edge of the bottom of the
hearth. Across the opening in the centre of the frame bars or beams are
placed, which support the metal plates forming the bottom or bed. The sides
of the hearth are formed with broad flanges, upon which the arched roof is
supported. These flanges also rest on iron columns placed at intervals along
the side of the hearth. These columns being made longer than the columns
which support the bottom or bed. In order to be enabled to cool the bottom
and the sides and ends of the hearth when desired, arrangements are made
according to this Invention for directing jets of water against them and

page_text: through the ends and under the bottoms of the furnace and of the hearth;
that is to say, at the bottom and bridge and sides and ends holes are formed
in order that the jets of water may come in contact with the lining, which is
placed over those parts of the hearth. The bottom of the puddling furnace is
constructed of several wrought-iron plates rivetted together, but the sides of
each plate forming the bottom are bent down so as to form flanges, which are
inserted into wrought-iron troughs. The waste heat from the furnace may be
caused to heat a boiler in the following manner :-The flue from the end of
the furnace rises up vertically for a short distance, and in this portion of the
flue is placed an oblong boiler by preference circular in section, a space being
left between the interior of the flue and the exterior of the boiler. The heated
gases from the furnace thus pass up around the boiler, and are led away into
a chimney by another flue which opens into one side of the upper end of the
vertical flue.