IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR SPINNING, DOUBLING. AND TWISTING FIBROUS SUBSTANCES
Year: 1868

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Charles Roussel, of Louviers, in the Empire of
France, Civil Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR SPINNING, DOUBLING. AND TWISTING FIBROUS
SUBSTANCES."
Sealed the 29th December 1868, and dated the 3rd July 1868.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION filed by the said Charles Roussel at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition and
Declaration, on the 3rd July 1868, pursuant to the 9th Section
of the Patent Law Amendment Act, 1852.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, CHARLES
ROUSSEL, of Louviers, in the Empire of France, Civil Engineer, send
greeting.
WHEREAS I am in possession of an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR SPINNING, DOUBLING, AND TWISTING FIBROUS
SUBSTANCES," and have petitioned Her Majesty to grant unto me, my
executors, administrators, and assigus, Her Royal Letters Patent for
the same, and have made solemn Declaration that I verily believe
myself to be the first and true Inventor thereof,

page_text: that the following Complete Specification, under my hand and seal,
fully describes and ascertains the nature of my said Invention, and
the manner in which the same is to be performed, reference being had
to the Drawings hereto annexed and forming part of this Specification,
and to the figures and letters marked thereon, that is to say:―
My Invention consists in improved mechanism for spinning, doubling,
and twisting fibrous substances.
Figure 1, Sheet 1, is a front elevation of a frame constructed according
to my improvements; Figure 2, Sheet 1, is a side elevation of same;
Figure 3, Sheet, is a section of the frame, and shews the interior of the
principal parts; Figure 4, Sheet 2, is a plan of the frame. In Figure 1,
Sheet 1, and Figure 4, Sheet 2, only the parts placed at the sides of the
frame are shewn, the intermediate parts being similar. have not been
shewn to simplify the Drawing. The blue lines shew the direction of
the thread. Figures 5, 6, and 7, Sheet 2, shew the ordinary arrange-
ment of twisting spindles in order to better illustrate the difference
between the spindles of my Invention shewn in Figures 8, 9, and 10,
Sheet 1, which serve to double the thread one or more times. Figures
11, 12, and 13, Sheet 1, shew the details of construction of the spools
or bobbins for receiving the thread for twisting.
The improved frame is constructed as follows:-On a suitable frame
of wood or metal A I place a beam or roller C, on which is placed a
roller D provided with two discs i, which prevent the rovings wound on
this roller from getting out of place. The roller presses by its own
weight on the beam C, and lowers as it unwinds, sliding along the fork f.
Motion is given to the beam by means of a pulley h and band u³, or by
any other suitable means. The roving being unwound is taken hoid of
between the two fluted rollers G, m, then between the two others F, m³,
Figure 3. Motion is given to the rollers G and F by the pinion (),
which may be removed and replaced by another, as also may be the
wheels and n, so as to give to the pair of rollers F, m¹, a greater
speed than to the pair of rollers G, m. By this means the roving being
passed between the roller m and the roller G is drawn in by the
rollers F, m', and thus a first drawing of the roving will be effected at
will between the two pairs of rollers. To each set of rollers two rovings
correspond, and the two threads coming down vertically are directed by
the guides m each respectively towards the second drawing and first

page_text: This mechanism consists of a
The exterior tube t, Figure 1,
twisting mechanism simultaneously.
tube t enclosing a second tube u.
Sheet 1, and Figure 3, Sheet 2, turns round a collar b', and is supported
at its lower part in a circular groove e'. Its rotatory motion is produced
by the pinion a', which receives motion from a spur wheel f working
four spindles at the time. The wheel f¹ is moved by a bevil wheel
forming part with it, and cogging with another bevil wheel h¹ keyed on
to the shaft O forked at its upper part, and having two branches v
carrying the journals of two superposed rollers x and y; the lower
roller carries a bevil wheel z cogging with the bevil wheel c¹ keyed on
the external tube ", herein-after described. The upper roller y presses
on the roller x by its weight only. The interior tube u turus inde-
pendently of the tube t, and is provided, as herein-before described,
at its upper part with a bevil wheel c', which turns the roller x, and at
its lower part with the pinion d' cogging with the wheel g¹ which gives
motion to the set of spindles. This wheel g¹ is soldered to a bevil wheel
cogging with the wheel which receives its motion from the shaft P.
The lower end of the tube u turns in a circular groove made in the cross
piece N of the frame.
This mechanism works in the following manner :-The thread already
drawn or not by the fluted rollers G, m, F, m³, on egressing from the
guides m passes between the rollers x and y, which compress it, then
it enters the tube 2, and passing through the piece N winds on the
spools . The first twist is given in the part of the thread contained
between the rollers F, m', and the rollers x, y, caused by the rapid
movement of the tube t, and consequently of the rollers x and y round
a vertical axis. A second drawing is also effected at the same time in
the same part of the thread, firstly, if the speed at the circumference
of the rollers x, y, is greater than the speed of the rollers F, m';
secondly, if the speed of the tube is different to the speed of the
tube u, for it is that difference which causes the rotation of the bevil
wheel z on its axis. These differences of speed are easily obtained and
regulated by changing at will the tooth wheels and the pulleys working
the shafts F, O, and P. By this means I can increase, lessen, or avoid
the drawing or twisting of the portion of the thread. On leaving the
tube the thread winds on the spools q¹, forming part of another
drawing and twisting mechanism. This second mechanism consists of
a tube n' enclosing a rod o'. The tube n¹ has at its upper part a

page_text: fork p, in which the arbor of the spool 2' is inserted. This spool
consists of a tin pipe having a tin disc at each end, and is placed over
the arbor in the fork p', and held in that position by the spring s
The spool is contained between the two discs x and x2. The disc a is
of a greater diameter than the other, and rests on the plate placed
at the upper part of the rod o¹; this rod o' is provided at its lower end
with a journal turning in a socket c" held fast by a spiral spring, the
tension of which is regulated by the screw nut e², the effect of which is
to raise the rod o¹ and the plate t¹ to make it bear on the disc x². This
action may be obtained by any other suitable means. It is obvious
that the rotation of this rod and of this plate draws along the disc
and causes the spool to turn on its axis. Motion is given to the tube n
by means of the pinion p of the wheel y¹ of the bevil wheel a² and
shaft S; the motion of the rod o¹ is obtained by means of the piuion v
of the spur wheel z¹ of the bevil wheel 2 and shaft U, in the manner
herein-before described. This second mechanism works in the following
manner: The thread egressing from the tube u winds on to the spool 2',
and receives on the part included between that spool and the rollers x, y,
a third drawing and a second twist, or one or the other, firstly, if the
speed at the circumference of the spool exceeds the speed at the cir-
cumference of the rollers x, y; secondly, if the speed of the tube n¹ is
different from the speed of the rod o', for the rotation of the spool on
its axis is caused by that difference, which rotation must necessarily be
more rapid than that of the tube t, so that the second twist may be
made. These differences of speed are easily obtained by changing at
will the cog wheels and pulleys which work the shafts S and U. Motion
is given to the whole apparatus by means of a fixed and loose pulley X, V,
keyed on to the main shaft B, carrying also the drum Y and the pulley B¹.
The drum Y turns the pulleys A' and Z, and thus causes the shafts O
and S to set in motion the tubes t and n¹. The shafts O and S also carry
the wheels g² and m², giving motion by meaus of interior double pinions
h2, h2, n³, n², to the two shafts P and U which work the interior tubes u
and the rods o'. The pulley B' causes the pulley L to turn by means of
the band,², then by means of the arbor of the rollers F gives motion to
the pulley H and to the band u³, and lastly to the pulley h keye.l on the
1

page_text: consists in twisting together several threads already spun is effected
in the following manner, videlicit:-I can substitute for the roller D
spools with thread to be twisted. For this purpose I remove the upper
rollers m and m', as also the rollers x and y, and the threads are passed
direct on to the spools 2. The twist is effected between the spools which"
replace the roller D and the spools q. For double twisting the spool
carriers shewn in Figures 5, 6, and 7, Sheet 2, are now generally
employed. According to my Invention the spools are placed on the
axes a³, and the threads passing through the breaks or moderators 62
are united to the guide c, and pass together into the interior of the
tube d3. I prefer using the improved spool carriers shewn in Figures
8, 9, and 10, Sheet 1. The only difference consists in putting ordinary
spools at almost horizontally on the spool carriers. They are held fast.
by means of springs on their axes. The hollow spool is represented
in detail in Figures 11, 12, and 13, Sheet 1.
placed on the improved frame in place of the rollers a, y; the cleats
ffff, serve to fix them to the forks v. I only place two of these
spool carriers for each set of four tubes u; the other two receive the
thread in the ordinary way. The threads from the spools at pass through
the breaks 6 through the guide c', then through the tube or hollow
rod d', so as to come (in the space which separates the cross piece N
from the spools q) and join the threads in the tubes u on which the
cylinders x, y, have been held. It is obvious that the twisting may be
effected in one direction or the other, or half in one direction and half
in the other, by changing the direction of rotation of the tubes u and n'.
These spool carriers are
Having now described the nature of my Invention, and the manner
of carrying the same into effect, I would have it understood that I do
not confine myself to the precise details herein laid down; but what I
do claim is,-
Firstly. The general arrangement of the frame for drawing and
twisting thread in one operation, as herein-before described and re-
presented in the accompanying Drawings.
Secondly. The arrangement of the tubest and u combined with the
cylinders x and y, as herein-before described and represented in the
accompanying Drawings.
Thirdly. The arrangement of the tubes n' and the rods s' for supporting
and giving. motion to the spools by the drawing motion of the disc w

page_text: and by the disc t', as herein-before described and represented by the
Drawings.
Fourthly. The combination of the first rollers G, m, and F, m', with
the second rollers x, y, the tubes t and u of the first twist, the winding
spools 2', and the tule 2 of the second twist for enabling the twists and
drawings to be increased or lessened or avoided as required, as herein-
before described and represented in the accompanying Drawings. .
Fifthly. The arrangement of the spool carriers shewn in Figures 8, 9,
and 10, Sheet 1, with the spools a', the said spool carriers being com-
bined or not to produce multiple twists with the set of tubes u and t,
and with the set of spools 2' and twisting tubes n', as herein-before
described and represented in the accompanying Drawing.
In witness whereof, I, the said Charles Roussel, have hereto
set my hand and seal, this Thirtieth day of June, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-eight.
C. ROUSSEL. (L.S.)