IMPROVEMENTS IN PUMPS
Year: 1859

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Thomas Blinkhorn, of Spalding, in the County of
Lincoln, Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN PUMPS."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Thomas Blinkhorn at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 11th November 1859. .
I, THOMAS BLINKHORN, of Spalding, in the County of Lincoln, Engineer,
do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for" IMPROVEMENTS IN PUMPS,',
to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in pumps. For this
purpose it is preferred that the cylinder or barrel should be fixed horizontally,'
but this may be varied, and motion is given to the piston by means of hand
levers, the ends of which are placed in sockets on a shaft or axis, which, by
arms give motion to connecting rods, and they give motion to a cross head
fixed on the piston rod, the cross head being guided in its motion to and fro..
The piston is, by preference, formed with a cupped leather or other material:
on each side. The suction pipe is branched at its upper end into two parts, so
as to alternately allow the water to flow into the two ends of the cylinder or
bárrel;. and the outlet pipe is similarly branched so as to admit of the water
being forced out alternately at the two ends of the barrel or cylinder. The
válves for the inlet passages to the cylinder or barrel are fixed to a plate of

page_text: wood, through which waterways are formed corresponding with the branched
waterways into the cylinder; and this plate of wood is received into a recess
in the upper end of the induction pipe in such manner, that when the
induction pipe is fixed to the branch induction ways, the plate of wood will
be shut in and pressed all round the edges, so as to make a good joint.
The eduction valves are similarly applied to a plate of wood, which is
similarly placed in a recess formed in the junction between the branched
waterways from the ends of the cylinder or barrel and the outlet pipe.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Thomas Blinkhorn in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 11th May 1860.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, THOMAS
BLINKHORN, of Spalding, in the County of Lincoln, Engineer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Eleventh day of November, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-nine, in the twenty-third year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said Thomas Blinkhorn, Her special licence that I, the said Thomas
Blinkhorn, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the
said Thomas Blinkhorn, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at
any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at. all times
thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN PUMPS," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said
Thomas Blinkhorn, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in
writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly
describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner
the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great
Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after
the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Thomas Blinkhorn, do hereby declare.
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement thereof, that is to say :-
This Invention has for its object improvements in pumps. For this purpose

page_text: it is preferred that the cylinder or barrel should be fixed horizontally, but this
may be varied, and motion is given to the piston by means of hand levers, the
ends of which are placed in sockets on a shaft or axis, which, by arms give
inotion to connecting rods, and they give motion to a cross head fixed on the
piston rod, the cross head being guided in its motion to and fro. The piston
is, by preference, formed with a cupped leather or other material on each side:
The suction pipe is branched at its upper end into two paris, so as to
alternately allow the water to flow into the two ends of the cylinder or barrel,
and the outlet pipe is similarly branched so as to admit of the water being
forced out alternately at the two ends of the barrel or cylinder. The valves
for the inlet passages to the cylinder or barrel are fixed to a plate of wood,
through which waterways are formed corresponding with the branched water-
ways into the cylinder, and this plate of wood is received into a recess in the
upper end of the induction pipe, in such manner, that when the induction
pipe is fixed to the branch induction ways, the plate of wood will be shut in
and pressed all round the edges, so as to make a good joint. The eduction
valves are similarly applied to a plate of wood, which is similarly placed in a
recess formed in the junction between the branched waterways from the ends
of the cylinder or barrel and the outlet pipe.
And in order that my said Invention may be most fully understood and
readily carried into effect, I will proceed to describe the Drawings hereunto
annexed.
Figure 1 shows a longitudinal section, and Figure 2, a plan of a pump
constructed according to my Invention. a is the cylinder or barrel, fixed
horizontally on the frame b, which is carried by wheels c, c, so that it may bo
wheeled from place to place; d is the piston, which is formed with a cupped
leather on each side, the leathers being supported by two discs e, e, which aro
cast in zinc, in order that they may not act injuriously on the leathers; the
piston rod fis also for the same reason coated exteriorly with a brass tube;
the piston rod is connected to a cross head y, on each end of which there are
zinc slide blocks h, h, which slide between the guides i, i; to each end of the
cross head g is connected one end of a connecting rod h, which, at its other
end, is connected to an arm / ou the axis ; on this axis there are sockets ¹,
into which are fitted the hand levers 12, which are forme.! of iron tubes; these
levers are kept in the sockets by pins, as shown. m is the suction pipe pro-
jecting from the under side of a box m², which is bolted to a plate m², in which
there are two passages opening into the two branch induction ways m³ leading
from the two ends of the cylinder or barrel; around the upper edge of the
boxm¹ there is a recess to receive a plate of wood n; through this plate there

page_text: are two passages covered by the valves o, o, one passage opening into one
eduction way, and the other into the other eduction way. When the box m¹
is bolted to the plate m², the plate of wood n is pressed between them, by
which a tight joint is secured. The eduction valves p, p, are similarly carried
by a plate of wood 9 placed in a recess in a box r on the end of the outlet
pipes, and the plate of wood q is pressed between the box rand a plate t
through which there are openings into the two branch eduction ways u, u,
leading from the two ends of the cylinder.
In witness whereof, I, the said Thomas Blinkhorn, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Eleventh day of May, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty.
THOMAS BLINKHORN
SAMUEL CARPMAEL,
Witness to the mark of Thomas Blinkhorn.
his mark.
(L.S.)