IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR DYEING TEXTILE OR FIBROUS MATERIALS
Year: 1884

page_text: I, WILLIAM ROBERT LAKE, of the firm of Haseltine, Lake & Co Patent Agents,
Southampton Buildings in the County of Middlesex' do hereby declare the nature.
of iny invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR DYEING
TEXTILE OR FIBROUS MATERIALS" to be as follows:-
This invention relates to apparatus for mechanically dyeing spun materials
which are wound in skeins and comprises the various mechanical arrangements
hereinafter described.
The said apparatus comprises a vessel for containing the dyeing bath; above
which is arranged a frame supporting the rollers which carry the skeins to be
treated.
The said frame is suspended through the medium of rods from levers which
serve to raise and lower it. The number of these levers which are mounted upon
shafts varies according to the length of the frame in order that the latter will
not bend under the weight of the materials to be dyed. In their central position
these levers lie horizontally.
On the shafts carrying the levers are fixed other levers at right angles or
thereabouts to the first levers. Each of theso second levers is articulated with
the succeeding one by means of a metal rod so that they can be moved simul-
taneously. These cross levers serve for actuating the treadle of the said frame
in its alternating motion. I also provide vertical levers oscillating upon supports
which levers are connected with the aforesaid cross levers. There is, moreover, a
slide by which the submersions of the frame are regulated and a post for supporting
the stop slide for this frame.
The framing for the mounting of the shafts and their levers, with the longi-
tudinal beams which transmit motion to the aforesaid frame, constituto nearly all
the large pieces forming this apparatus. The following parts substantially complete
the said apparatus and are of the greatest importance.
At the extremity of each of the aforesaid rollers is placed a pinion which can
be made of any suitable material. All these pinions gearing with each other, it
is only necessary to fit a winch-handle on the end of one of the shafts in order
to effect the rotation of all the rollers of the frame.
In order to obviate all the inconveniences which, up to the present time, have
been experienced in so operating that the skeins shall be neither entangled with
each other nor around the aforesaid rollers, I place for each set of these skeins
a movable tightener, which, by reason of its weight enables the dyeing by sub-
mersion and the dyeing by rotation to be effected simultaneously. The dyeing

page_text: by submersion offers considerable advantages for dyeing in general and for all the
operations of black dyeing, especially in the application of cashoo on salts of tin
where it is almost indispensable, if the dyer is to be placed in the best condition,
to operate with protection against contact of the atmosphere. The dyeing by
submersion avoids also the prolonged rotation of the rollers and affords by this
means a great advantage in the treatment of the materials.
These explanations have been given in order to better point out the importance
of the result obtained by the employment of the tightening rollers.
They may be of any shape and be made of any suitable material, their weight
being determined for the skeins which they are designed to tighten and to actuate
in the vessel. The employment of these tightening rollers presents, moreover two
great advantages: First. They facilitate the submersion of the frame holding
the skins into the vat or vessel; second they render the rotation of the rollers
much easier.
!.
1
.
These tightening rollers rest upon two grooved or notched bars placed on each
side of the vessel; they occupy therefore an advantageous position in the middle
of the set of skeins, working or actuating them and preventing them from inter-
mingling during the alternating motion of the frame.
In the ascending motion of the frame the grooved bars are removed from their
place and the tightening rollers are allowed to act; by reason of their weight they
draw all the skeins parallel to each other and into their proper positions, thus
facilitating the operation of turning the set of skeins so that the lower part thereof
is brought to the top, that is to say, the inversion of the skeins.
By the aid of this arrangement of the tightening rollers, the inversion of the
skeins can be effected either by hand, by turning the skeins upon the rollers by
means of a slight traction, or by the rotation of the said rollers through the
medium of gear-wheels set in motion, as above described or by means of a winch-
handle, or other mechanical device.
When the workman desires to cause the alternating motion of the frame, it is
only requisite to place at the sides of the vessel the grooved bars designed to
receive the tightening rollers, in order to cause the skeins to move freely in the
vessel. The function of the tighteners retained on the grooved bars is then to
remain in the middle of the skeins, with their ends free, and effect in the middle
of these skeins, a suitable direction of all the threads.
With a view to render the transference of the skeins from one vessel to another
practical, I place at the two extremities of the vessel two supports carrying two
rails. By employing the same arrangement for the adjacent vessels, the latter aro
all brought into communication and the passage of the frame charged with skeins
from one vessel to another is effected almost instantaneously.
The machinery or apparatus above described may be employed in various
operations of boiling, mordanting, washing, brightening and dyeing, not only silks
but also cotton, wool, linen, China grass or any other textile or fibrous material,
by the submersion of the frame charged with skeins, and by the rotation of the
rollers either by the aid of tightening rollers working individually, or by the aid
of tightening rollers placed on a frame connected with the upper frame and
operating conjointly with this frame. In this case, in order that the rollers shall
operate in a regular manner I sometimes place upon these rollers with the object
of avoiding the dropping of the threads upon the sides of the tightening rollers,
a slide which assembles them by 10 or by 20 and which has for its object to retain
or hold the threads away from the end of the roller. They remain, by reason of
this fact, all parallel, and the operation of inverting the set of skeins will be regular
or uniform,
HASELTINE, LAKE & Co.,
For the Applicant.

page_text: τριακό
The said apparatus comprises a vessel Q for containing the dyeing bath; above
which is arranged a frame H supporting the rollers J which carry the skeins to
be treated.
The said frame H is suspended, through the medium of rods a, from the
levers A A which serve to raise and lower it. The number of levers A A¹i
employed varies according to the length of the frame H, in order that the latter
will not bend under the weight of the materials to be dyed.
On the shafts b carrying the levers A A" are fixed other levers C at right angles;
or thereabouts, to the levers A A". Each of the levers C is connected with the
succeeding one by means of a metal rod c so that the said levers can be moved
simultaneously. These levers C serve for actuating the frame H in its up and down
motion.
E E indicate vertical levers oscillating upon supports e, which levers are con-
nected with the levers C by chains c' or the like.
A slide G which is connected with the arm A¹ on one of the shafts b and is
supported by the post F, regulates the depth to which the skeins on the frame H
are submerged, the said slide being provided with holes so that it can be adjusted
in any desired position.
The framing B for supporting the shafts and their levers, and the longitudinal
beam D which transmits motion to the frame H through the levers E and C
constitute nearly all the large pieces of the apparatus. The following parts sub-
stantially complete the said apparatus and are of the greatest importance.
At the extremity of each of the rollers J is placed a pinion I which can be made
of any suitable material. All these pinions gear one with another so that it is
only necessary to turn a winch-handle N on the end of the shaft of one of the
rollers J in order to effect the rotation of all the said-rollers.
In order to obviate the inconveniences which, up to the present time, have been
experienced in preventing the skeins from becoming entangled with each other or

page_text: around the said rollers, I employ with each set of skeins, a movable bar O, which
bars enable the dyeing to be effected either by submersion or by rotation.
Dyeing by submersion offers considerable advantages for dyeing in general, and
for all the operations of black-dyeing, especially in the application of cashoos on
salts of tin where it is almost indispensable, if the dyeing is to be effected under
the most favourable conditions, to operate without contact of the atmosphere. The
dyeing by submersion also renders unnecessary the prolonged rotation of the rollers
and thus affords a great advantage in the treatment of the materials.
These explanations have been given in order to better point out the importance
of the result obtained by the employment of the said bars.
The said bars may be of any desirable shape and be made of any suitable
material, their weight being determined by the character of the skeins with which
they are designed to be used in the dyeing vat. The employment of these bars
presents two great advantages in addition to those already mentioned, that is to
say the said rollers facilitate the lowering of the frame holding the skeins, into the
vats or vessels, and they render the rotation of the rollers J much easier than
without them.
T
The said bars, when the skeins are to be dyed by submersion, rest as shewn at O¹
upon two notched supports P placed one on each side of the vessel; they occupy
therefore advantageous positions within the sets of skeins being worked, and
prevent them from intermingling during the up and down motions of the frame H.
If the skeins are to be dyed by rotation, the notched supports P are removed, so
that the bars occupy the position shown at O in Figure 2; by reason of their
weight the said bars draw all the skeins parallel to each other and into their proper
positions, thus facilitating the operation of turning or inverting the sets of skeins
so that the lower parts thereof are brought to the top.
By means of this arrangement of the tightening bars the inversion of the skeins
can be effected either by hand by turning the skeins upon the rollers by slightly
pulling the same, or by the rotation of the said rollers through the medium of the
gear-wheels, set in motion as above described, by means of a winch-handle N or
by other mechanical device.
When the workman desires to cause the up and down motion of the frame H it
is only requisite to place at the sides of the vessel the notched supports designed to
carry the tightening bars. The bars, when thus supported, enable the skeins to
move freely in the vessel, the said tightening bars being then retained in the middle
of the skeins, and serving to guide the latter in their up and down movements
with the frame.
With a view to facilitate the transference of the skeins.from one vessel or vat to
another, I place at the two extremities of the vessel, supports M carrying two.
rails K. By employing the same arrangement for the adjacent vessels, the latter
are all brought into communication and the passage of the frame charged with
skeins, from one vessel to another, is effected almost instantaneously by rollers L,
which are adapted to run on the rails K, being attached to the frame H.
The machinery or apparatus above described may be employed in various
operations such as boiling, mordanting, washing, brightening and staining, not only
silks but also cotton, wool, linen, China grass, or any other textile or fibrous
material, by the submersion of the frame charged with skeins, and by the rotation
of the rollers.
The tightening bars, instead of being worked individually, may be placed on a
frame connected with the upper frame and operating conjointly with this frame.
In this case, in order that the bars shall operate in a regular manner, I sometimes
place upon these bars, with the object of avoiding the dropping of the threads upon
the sides of the tightening bars, flanges which assemble the threads by tens or by
twenties, and which have for their object to retain or hold the said threads away
from the ends of the bars. They remain, by reason of this fact, all parallel, and
the operation of inverting the set of skeins will be regular or uniform.

page_text: Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed as communicated to
me by my foreign correspondent, I declare that what I claim is
First The dyeing apparatus substantially as described and as illustrated in the
accompanying drawing.
Second: The bars Ŏ or 0¹ operating substantially as described for the purposes
specified.
Third: In dyeing apparatus, the means above described and illustrated for
effecting the transference of the frames charged with skeins from one vessel to
another.
HASELTINE, LAKE & Co.,
For the Applicant.