Improvements in Tyres for the Wheels of Bicycles, Tricycles, Carriages, Omnibuses, and other Vehicles or Road Rolling Stock.
Year: 1896

page_text: Date of Application, 4th Feb., 1896
1000
100
Complete Specification Left, Ord Nov., 1890 Accepted, 80th Jan., 1897
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Tyres for the Wheels of Bicycles, Tricycles,
Carriages, Omnibuses, and other Vehicles or Road Rolling
Stock.
We, THE DOUBLE ARCH TYRE COMPANY, LIMITED, of Kirkgate,
Huddersfield, Yorkshire, Tyre Manufacturers, and DAVID CROWTHER, of the
same place, Manager, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
This invention has reference to the tyre for which Letters Patent were granted
to the aforesaid David Crowther on the 12th of May 1892 No. 9006.
The tyre described in the specification of said Letters Patent is of double arch
section or in the form of two tyres one within the other with a space between the
tread of the outer arch and the apex of the inner arch. The outer arch is
depressible to the extent of such intermediate space solely against its own resistance
or elasticity but when it abuts upon and depresses the inner arch a much greater
and combined resistance is offered.
The objects of our present improvements are, (a) to considerably increase the
power of resistance to depression of the outer arch or tread and add to its resiliency
of the tyre, and (b), to construct the tyre of two or more arches more especially
adapted for bearing heavy weights, such for instance, as omuibuses, and other
heavy vehicles, vans or road rolling stock.
For the purpose of our invention we preferably join the two portions which
form the inner and outer arches about centrally by a longitudinal mid rib or bead
moulded therewith in one piece or we may moulded or attach with or to the inner
or outer arched sections or both, or more ribs or beads which are of suitable width
or thickness.
In moulding or forming the tyre in one piece or in separate sections as above it
inay be made endless ready for inserting into the rim, or in long lengths which can
be afterwards cut up into shorter lengths to suit the diameter of the wheels, and if
not made of arched section the longitudinal edges are pressed towards each other
and forced into the rim to secure same therein and give the arched formation to
the tyre. The rib or ribs or beads between the two arches or sections of the tyre
or connecting the apices of the two arches of the tyre together, give considerable
resistance to the depression of the outer arch or tread as such depression is direct
upon the inner arch through the medium of said rib or ribs, and a much quicker
return is likewise given on the pressure being removed, whereby the resiliency of
the double arched tyre is enhanced and more nearly approaches that of the
pneumatic tyre. We may make the tyre of either two or more arches arranged
oue within the other so as to adapt same for any description of road rolling stock.
Each arched section of said tyre, or any two or more thereof, may be joined
together by or have ribs or beads secured or formed between them as above set
forth.
When the arched sections of the tyre are connected or joined together by a
central rib or bead, or ribs or beads, the friction or pull on the tread er outer arch

page_text: circumferentially is resisted by being distributed over the combined arched sections
which must each be stretched or drawn correspondingly.
Dated this 3rd day of February 1896.
TASKER & CROSSLEY,
Huddersfield, Patent Agents.
Improvements in Tyres for the Wheels of Bicycles, Tricycles,
Carriages, Omnibuses, and other Vehicles or Road Rolling
Stock.
We, THE DOUBLE ARCH TYRE COMPANY LIMITED of Kirkgate,
Huddersfield, Yorkshire, Tyre Manufacturers, and DAVID CROWTHER of the
same place Manager, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in
and by the following statement:-
This invention has reference to the tyre for which Letters Patent were granted
to the aforesaid David Crowther on the 12th of May 1892, No. 9006.
The tyre described in the specification of said, Letters Patent is of double arch
section or in the form of two tyres one within the other with a space between the
tread of the outer arch and the apex of the inner arch. The outer arch is
depressible to the extent of such intermediate space solely against its own resistance
or elasticity but when it abuts upon and depresses the inner arch a much greater
and combined resistance is offered.
The objects of our present improvements are (a) to considerably increase the
power of resistance to depression of the outer arch or tread and add to the resiliency
of the tyre, and (b) to construct the tyre of two or more arches more especially
adapted for bearing heavy weights, such for instance, as omnibuses, and other heavy
vehicles, vans, or road rolling stock.
For the purpose of our invention we preferably join the two portions which form
the inner and outer arches about centrally by a longitudinal mid rib or bead
moulded therewith in one piece or we may mould with or attach to the inner or
outer arched sections or both, one or more ribs or beads, which are of suitable
width or thickness. In moulding or formning the tyre in one piece or in separate
sections as above it may be made endless ready for inserting into the rim, or in long
lengths which can be afterwards cut up into shorter lengths to suit the diameter of
the wheels, and if made in the flat state instead of the arched section, the longitudinal
edges are pressed towards each other and forced into the rim to secure same therein
and give the arched formation to the tyre. The rib or ribs or beads between the
two arches or sections of the tyre or connecting the apices of the two arches of the
tyre together give considerable resistance to the depression of the outer arch or
tread as such depression is direct upon the inner arch through the medium of said
rib or ribs and a much quicker return or rebound is likewise given on the pressure
being removed whereby the resiliency of the double arched tyre is enhanced and
more nearly approaches that of the pneumatic tyre. We may make the tyre of
either two or more arches arranged one within the other so as to adapt same for
any description of road rolling stock. Each arched section of said tyre, or any
two or more thereof may be joined together by or have ribs or beads secured or
formed between them as above set forth.
In order that our said invention may be fully described and ascertained, reference

page_text: is hereafter had to the annexed sheet of drawings forming a part of this specification,
in which :-
Fig. 1. is transverse sention of our improved tyre of double arch section, a
portion of which is shewn in perspective.
Fig. 2. is transverse section of the double arch tyre as moulded in the flat
state.
Fig. 3. is transverse section of a triple-arched tyre having our improvements
applied.
Figs. 4, and 5, are transverse sections of modified constructions of the triple-
arched tyre, the latter shewing a portion of the tyre in perspective, and a section
of the outer arch or tread broken off to shew a modification of the strengthening
or supporting rib or strip.
The same letters of reference indicate corresponding parts throughout.
In the drawings, letter a represents the inner arch or section having a central
opening or air space a', and 'the outer arch or tread of the tyre. Between the
arches a, b, is an air space or opening d. The two arches are compressed against
each other at their lower ends or extremities to insert same into the rim e, and
projecting faces f, f, are moulded on the lower inner sides of the arch a which
abut one against the other centrally of the tyre and form a solid base thereto, by
reason whereof, such further compression of the base of the tyre as would be liable
to admit of its being pulled out of the rim e by lateral or sidewise pressure exerted
on the tyre as the wheel turns or pivots will be avoided. The outer lower sides of
the arch b, have beadings or shoulders y, g, moulded thereon, which are adapted to
enter recesses in the sides of the rim e and engage with the curved walls h, h,
thereof to hold the tyre firmly and securely in said rim.
Intermediate of the arches a, b, and integral therewith or with one of said arches,
or solutioned to one or both arches, is a rib or connecting strip extending all
round the tyre centrally of the tread thereof so as to be lineable with the movement
of depression.
When the tyre is made or built up of three arches, namely the inner arch a,
outer arch 6, and intermediate arch c, with air spaces d, d¹, between said arches as
illustrated in Figs. 3, 4 and 5, the rib or connecting strip i may be applied between
the inner arch a and the intermediate arch c, as shewn at Fig. 3, or between said
intermediate arch c and the outer arch b; or between both the inner and inter-
mediate arches, and the outer and intermediate arches, as shewn at Fig. 5. Or we
may apply two or more of such ronnecting strips or ribs i, i, hetween the intermediate
and one of the other arches, and one or more ribs i between the remaining arch and
the intermediate arch as illustrated at Fig. 4. In like manner two or more ribs
may be applied to the double-arched tyre.
It is preferable, if the ribs or connecting strips are required to be attached to the
outer arch b, that they should be solutioned or cemented thereto by rubber solution
for the reason that, when the outer arch becomes worn, it can be easily detached and
removed and a new outer arch substituted therefor without destroying or discarding
the inner arch or arches.
The central connecting strip or supporting rib or ribs i instead of being
continuous or endless may be moulded or applied in segments or short lengths
spaced at equi-distances apart, as shewn at the upper right hand side of Fig. 5.
Although we have only shewn and described the strips or ribs i as applied to the
double and triple-arched tyres, it will be obvious that the same will apply to tyres
built up of more than three arches, but, as in most cases the three arches would be
the largest number employed in a tyre, we have not considered it essential to shew
more than that number.
The double-arched tyre shewn in Fig. 1 may be moulded in its arched form, or
in the flat state shewn in Fig. 2, which is subsequently bent to the arched sectina
in applying it to the rim. In the triple-arched tyres, the inner arch a and inter-
mediate arch may be moulded in one arched section with the openings or air

page_text: spaces a' and d through same, as shewn at Fig. 3, the outer arch b, being provided
on its inner sides near the bottom thereof with beads kk, which are adapted to
enter and register with corresponding grooves or recesses k', ', formed in the
sides of the solid base of the inner double arched section; or the three arched
sections a, c, may be moulded separately and each held in position, one over the
other, by the beadings k, k, and I, I, on the outer and intermediate sections registering
with grooves k', k', and ', 1, on the intermediate and inner arches respectively, as
shewn at Fig. 4. Or, further, the inner and intermediate arches may be integral,
as in the case of the double arched tyre shewn at Fig. 1 and the outer arch b
applied over same and held in position thereon by the beadings k, k, as shewn at
Fig. 5. Instead of the projecting faces f, f, filling up the space between the bases
of the inner arched section a as shewn in Figs. 1, 2 and 4, " piece of leather or
block of material may be inserted and secured in position by solution. By
moulding beadings and corresponding grooves on opposing faces of the lower si.les
of each arched section, more particularly the sections which are separate from
each other said sections will be maintained in their relative positions when inserting
the tyre and after it is secured in the rim and thereby avoid the necessity of
solutioning the parts together for that purpose.
The rib or ribs or connecting strips i form direct and solid connections between
the crown of one arch and the underside of the tread or crown of the surrounding
arch and give considerable resisting power to the depression of the outer arch or
tread such depression being direct upon the inner or interme liate and inner arch
through said rib or ribs wherefore there is a much quicker return or rebound when
the pressure is removed, or the tread leaves the ground. The resiliency of the
tyre is thus enhanced and more nearly approaches that of the pneumatic tyre
while it is considerably strengthened in construction and adapted for the heavier
class of vehicles or cars equally as for the light vehicles or machines. For the
last named the application of the ribs or strips i enables the tyre to be made lighter
by reducing the thickness of each section, which is very advantageous.
Further, when the arched sections of the tyre are connected or joined together
by a central rib or ribs as set forth, the friction or pull on the tread or outer arch
circumferentially is resisted by being distributed over the combined arched
sections which must each be stretched or drawn proportionately in the same
.direction.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what we
claim is :-
Firstly. The combination, with a tyre for the wheels of cycles, carriages
omnibuses, motor cars and other vehicles or road rolling stock, comprising two or
more arches or arched sections arranged one over the other with an air space or
spaces between same, of a connecting or supporting rib or ribs or strips such as i
applied between the arches or two or more arches of the tyre, in the manner and
for the purposes substantially as herein shewn and described.
Secondly. A tyre, consisting of two or more arches or arched sections of india
rubber or like suitable material or substance with one or more ribs or strips
intermediate of two or more of said arches built up or constructed and arranged
substantially as herein described and shewn.
Dated this 2nd day of November 1896.
TASKER & CROSSLEY,
Patent Agents,
Huddersfield, Agents for Applicants.