Year: 1876

page_text: LONDON:
PRINTED BY GEORGE E. EYRE AND WILLIAM SPOTTISWOODE,
PRINTERS TO THE QUEEN'S MOST EXCELLENT MAJESTY :
PUBLISHED AT THE GREAT SEAL PATENT OFFICE,
25, SOUTHAMPTON BUILDINGS, HOLBORN.

page_text: 老2
LETTERS PATENT to Richard Cail, of the Town and County of Newcastle-
on-Tyne, for the Invention of IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS TO BE
EMPLOYED IN BUILDING PIERS AND OTHER STRUCTURES UNDER WATER."
Scaled the 6th February 1877, and dated the 1st December 1876.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Richard Cail at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 1st December 1876.
RICHARD CAIL, of the Town and County of Newcastle-on-Tyne.
"IMPROVE-
MENTS IN APPARATUS TO BE EMPLOYED IN BUILDING PIERS AND OTHER STRUCTURES
UNDER WATER."
This Invention has for its object improvements in apparatus to be employed in
building piers and other structures under water.
I employ a vessel provided with steam machinery.
The steam power can bo
applied to drive mixing mills in which concrete is prepared and to elevators for dis-
charging it into cradles which are suspended by tackle over the side or well of the
vessel. The cradle is open at the top and is lined with jute, cloth, or bagging
material. Concrete from the mixers having been poured in, the bagging is roughly
sewn up and lowered with the cradle to helmet men below who guide it to the spot
where the block is to be deposited. The tackles by which the cradle is suspended
are secured to the lower part of the cradle at its two ends and also to the upper part
of the ends by moveable pins or connections. When the cradle has been brought
into position the moveable pins or connections are withdrawn or released, the cradle
then overturns and deposits the bag exactly where required.
The steam machinery is available to work the lowering and hoisting tackles, to
shift the vessel from place to place, to force air to the divers, and to hoist materials
on board.
I prefer to provide each vessel with two cradles, one suspended over each of its
sides.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Richard Cail in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 1st June 1877.
RICHARD CAIL, of the Town and County of Newcastle on-Tyne. "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN APPARATUS TO BE EMPLOYED IN BUILDING PIERS AND OTHER STRUCTURES
UNDER WATER."
This Invention has for its object improvements in apparatus to be employed in
building piers and other structures under water, to enable the same to be built with
care from barges, and to dispense with all staging or fixed plant. For this purpose
1 employ a barge or vessel provided with machinery driven by steam power which
can be employed for propelling or moving the said vessel, for driving pug mills, or
machinery for mixing concrete, whether the same be in the held of the vessel, on
the deck, or on a stage raised above the deck, with the necessary elevators for
raising and discharging the concrete into bags contained in what I call "tipping
cradles," or for raising the materials of which the concrete is composed.
The steam machinery will also work the tackle for lowering the "tipping cradles,"
for depositing from them the concrete bags at the spot required, and for again hoist-
ing the cradles. The cradles may be suspended in a wellway or wellways in the
centre of the barge or vessel to work through the same or be suspended over the
sides or ends.
In general I employ a barge with all or part of the machinery and appliances
named above, and moor it across or over the site of the proposed work or pier in such
a position that the "tipping cradles may be as nearly as possible over the place
where the bag which is contained in it has to be deposited.
"
When the vessel is so placed, the concrete, which may be of any quality or
material suitable for the work, is then mixed and run into the cradles by the
elevators or shoots from the mixers.
The "tipping cradles" are vessels of a semi-circular form, such as shown in the
perspective view, Figure 1. They are made of iron plates, similar to a boiler,
having an open top, and of a proportionate strength and size, according to the vessel
and work to be executed, the length being from 14 to 24 feet long and 6 to 8 feet
wide. They are suspended from framing by chains connected at their lower ends
to strong flat bars a, a, at the two ends of the cradle. The bars are jointed by pins b
to the lower part of the cradle, and upon these pins the cradle can revolve. At the
upper end of the bar a stay c crosses over the cradle from one bar to the other. On
the outside of the bars at the top of the cradle are strong hinged clasps d, as shewn
at Figure 2, which pass on each side of the bars and fall into recesses or niches in
the top edge of the ends of the cradle and prevent the cradle from turning on the
pins b, b. This clasp is secured in its place and prevented from lifting out of the
recesses or niches in the ends of the cradle by a pin put through a staple c on the
inside of the bar, by which means the cradle is prevented from overturning until
the clasp is unfastened. In addition to this each bar carries a pawl or pawls which
work into niches on the edge of the crarile. When the pawis are set in opposite
directions they further secure the cradle from overturning; but if they are both
turned over in the same direction, and the clasps d are turned back out of the niches
in the ends of the cradle, the cradle is free to overturn.
14
The mode of working is as follows:-The tipping cradles" are suspended con-
veniently for being filled, the clasp and pawls being in place to prevent the cradles
from overturning, two cradles being employed that the work may go on con-
tinuously, as one cradle can be filled when the other is down with its contents.
Into each cradle is placed a bag of jute, cloth, or any suitable material, the size of
the cradle or of such a length and thickness as may be required for closers or
levelling. The top or side of the bag for the most of its length is left open and
laid or fastened back over the sides of the cradle for the convenience of being filled
with the concrete, stones, etc.; when in course of being filled the concrete can be
trinned and beaten into the ends and made solid to the shape and size required.

page_text: When the bag is sufficiently filled the two sides of the bag are drawn over, and
being provided with strong cords are tied together; the bag is thon ready for being
lowered.
The cradle containing the bag is lowered by the tackle to helmet divers below, and
rested on the botton at or near the place intended, and the chains slacked to prevent
the motion of the vessel affecting the cradle. If it requires any movement it may
be done by shifting the barge or by the divers having two small kedge anchors at
cach side placed fore and aft of the work with lines from cach, which they can pass
through two rings at each end of the cradle, and upon the cradle being cased guido
it to its place. A chock is then placed under the side of the cradle which is away
froin the spot on which the concrete bag is to be deposited; the chain is again
slacked and the clasp taken off; the back pawls are also lifted up and the bars u are
drawn back, which allows the front pawls to fall into the higher niches in the ends
of the cradle. On a signal being then given to hoist, the pawls press upon the edge
of the crudle and overturn it, and the bag is laid gently in its place; afterwards the
chains are again lowered when the pawls and clasp can be fixed in their original
position and the cradle is then sent up to be refilled.
By the meaus above described the bag being supported in its whole length can
be laid when required without rupture or bursting. The bag having been deposited,
the helmet divers can afterwards get upon the bag when yet plastic and beat it
as required with iron beaters, and make indents to formu a bond by the next
bag taking its forin, or insert stones projecting upwards to form joggles when
the next Lag is laid on them; when the concrete is set the cloth may be taken
off the top of any of the bags for future use.
At Figure 3 is shown a section of a barge or vessel depositing bags of concrete as
above described to fonn a pier or such like structure. A sectional view of a pier
with the portion below low water constructed in the manner above described is
also shown at Figure 4.
Having thus described the nature of my Invention, and the manner of per-
forming the same, I would have it understood that I claim,-
First. The combined apparatus substantially as herein described to be employed
building piers and other structures under water without the aid of staging or
fixed plant.
Second. The construction of tipping cradles for depositing bags of concrete under
water, substantially as herein described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Richard Cail, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this Thirty-first day of May, in the year of our Lord One thousand
eight hundred and seventy-seven.
RICH CAIL. (L.S.)

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Richard Cail, of the Town and County of Newcastle-
on-Tyne, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS
IN APPARATUS TO BE.
EMPLOYED IN BUILDING PIERS AND OTHER STRUCTURES UNDER WATER."
Sealed, the 6th February 1877, and dated the 1st December 1876. ..
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Richard Cail at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 1st December 1876...
RICHARD CAIL, of the Town and County of Newcastle-on-Tyne. "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN APPARATUS TO BE EMPLOYED IN BUILDING PIERS AND OTHER STRUCTURES
UNDER WATER."
This Invention has for its object improvements in apparatus to be employed in
building piers and other structures under water.
I employ a vessel provided with steam machinery. The steam power can be
applied to drive mixing mills in which concrete is prepared and to clevators for dis-
charging it into cradles which are suspended by tackle over the side or well of tho
vessel. The cradle is open at the top and is lined with jute, cloth, or bagging
material. Concrete from the mixers having been poured in, the bagging is roughly
sewn up and lowered with the cradle to helmet men below who guide it to the spot
where the block is to be deposited. The tackles by which the cradle is suspended
are secured to the lower part of the cradle at its two ends and also to the upper part
of the ends by moveable pins or connections. When the cradle has been brought
into position the moveable pins or connections are withdrawn or released, the cradle
then overturns and deposits the bag exactly where required.
The steam machinery is available to work the lowering and hoisting tackles, to
shift the vessel from place to place, to force air to the divers, and to hoist materials
on board.
I prefer to provide each vessel with two cradles, one suspended over each of its

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Richard Cail in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 1st June 1877.
RICHARD CAIL, of the Town and County of Newcastle-on-Tyne.
" IMPROVE-
MENTS IN APPARATUS TO BE EMPLOYED IN BUILDING PIERS AND OTHER STRUCTURES
UNDER WATER."
This Invention has for its object improvements in apparatus to be employed in
building piers and other structures under water, to enable the same to be built with
care from barges, and to dispense with all staging or fixed plant. For this purpose
I employ a barge or vessel provided with machinery driven by steam power which
can be employed for propelling or moving the said vessel, for driving pug mills, or
machinery for mixing concrete, whether the same be in the hold of the vessel, on
the deck, or on a stage raised above the deck, with the necessary elevators for
raising and discharging the concrete into bags contained in what I call "tipping
cradles," or for raising the materials of which the concrete is composed.
The steam machinery will also work the tackle for lowering the "tipping cradles,"
for depositing from them the concrete bags at the spot required, and for again hoist-
ing the cradles. The cradles may be suspended in a wellway or wellways in the
centre of the barge or vessel to work through the same or be suspended over the
sides or ends.
In general I employ a barge with all or part of the machinery and appliances
named above, and moor it across or over the site of the proposed work or pier in such
a position that the "tipping cradles " may be as nearly as possible over the place
where the bag which is contained in it has to be deposited.
When the vessel is so placed, the concrete, which may be of any quality or
material suitable for the work, is then mixed and run into the cradles by the
elevators or shoots from the mixers.
The "tipping cradles" are vessels of a semi-circular form, such as shown in the
perspective view, Figure 1. They are made of iron plates, similar to a boiler,
having an open top, and of a proportionate strength and size, according to the vessel
and work to be executed, the length being from 14 to 24 feet long and 6 to 8 feet
wide. They are suspended from framing by chains connected at their lower ends
to strong flat bars a, a, at the two ends of tho cradle. The bars are jointed by pins b
to the lower part of the cradle, and upon these pins the cradle can revolve. At the
upper end of the bar a stay c crosses over the cradle from one bar to the other. On
the outside of the bars at the top of the cradle are strong hinged clasps d, as shown
at Figure 2, which pass on each side of the bars and fall into recesses or niches in
the top edge of the ends of the cradle and prevent the cradle from turning on the
pins b, b. This clasp is secured in its place and prevented from lifting out of the
recesses or niches in the ends of the cradle by a pin put through a staple e on the
inside of the bar, by which means the cradle is prevented from overturning until
the clasp is unfastened. In addition to this each bar carries a pawl or pawls fwhich
work into niches on the edge of the cradle. When the pawls are set in opposite
directions they further secure the cradle from overturning; but if they are both
turned over in the same direction, and the clasps d are turned back out of the niches
in the ends of the cradle, the cradle is free to overturn.
- The mode of working is as follows:-The "tipping cradles" are suspended con-
veniently for being filled, the clasp and pawls being in place to prevent the cradles
from overturning, two cradles being employed that the work may go on con-
tinuously, as one cradle can be filled when the other is down with its contents.
Into each cradle is placed a bag of jute, cloth, or any suitable material, the size of
the cradle or of such a length and thickness as may be required for closers or
levelling. The top or side of the bag for the most of its length is left open and
laid or fastened back over the sides of the cradle for the convenience of being filled
with the concrete, stoncs, etc.; when in course of being filled the concrete can be
trimmed and beaten into the ends and made solid to the shape and size required.
.2

page_text: ་
When the bag is sufficiently filled the two sides of the bag are drawn over, and
being provided with strong cords are tied together; the bag is then ready for being.
lowered.
The cradle containing the bag is lowered by the tackle to helmet divers below, and
rested on the bottom at or near the place intended, and the chains slacked to prevent
the motion of the vessel affecting the cradle. If it requires any movement it may
be done by shifting the barge or by the divers having two small kedge anchors at
each side placed fore and aft of the work with lines from each, which they can pass
through two rings at cach end of the cradle, and upon the cradle being eased guido
it to its place. A chock is then placed under the side of the cradle which is away
from the spot on which the concrete bag is to be deposited; the chain is again
slacked and the clasp taken off; the back pawls are also lifted up and the bars a are
drawn back, which allows the front pawls to fall into the higher niches in the ends.
of the cradle. On a signal being then given to hoist, the pawls press upon the edge
of the cradle and overturn it, and the bag is laid gently in its place; afterwards the
chains aro again lowered when the pawls and clasp can be fixed in their original
position and the cradle is then sent up to be refilled.
By the means above described the bag being supported in its whole length can
be laid when required without rupture or bursting. The bag having been deposited,
the helmet divers can afterwards get. upon the bag when yet plastic and beat it
as required with iron beaters, and make indents to form a bond by the next
bag taking its form, or insert stones projecting upwards to form joggles when
the next bag is laid on them; when the concrete is set the cloth may be taken
off the top of any of the bags for future use.
At Figure 3 is shown a section of a barge or vessel depositing bags of concrete as
above described to form a pier or such like structure. A sectional view of a pier
with the portion below low water constructed in the manner above described is
also shewn at Figure 4.
"
Having thus described the nature of my Invention, and the manner. of 'per-
forming the same, I would have it understood that I claim,-
First. The combined apparatus substantially as herein described to be employed
in building piers and other structures under water without the aid of staging or
fixed plant.
Second. The construction of tipping cradles for depositing bags of concrete under
water, substantially as hercin described.
In witness whereof, I, tho said Richard Cail, have hereunto set my hand
and scal, this. Thirty-first day of May, in the year of our Lord One thousand
eight hundred and seventy-seven.