matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN POWER LOOMS
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Michael Barker Nairn at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 21st October
1867.
I, MICHAEL BARKER NAIRN, of Kirkcaldy, in the County of Fife, North
Britain, Floorcloth Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN POWER LOOMS," to be as follows, that is to say :--
This Invention has principally for its object by an improved construction to
render power looms suitable for weaving very wide and heavy fabrics such as
floorcloth canvas of, for example, eight yards in width, and the principal
features of novelty are, firstly, the actuating of the lathe by cams which keep
it back for a length of time sufficient for the passage of the shuttle and allow
it to beat up by the action of gravitation alone or combined with springs;
secondly, the actuating of the picking levers, also by gravitation, by means of
weighted levers which are raised and let fall by cams; and, thirdly, the
arranging of the driving gearing in duplicate at the two sides of the loom.
In practically carrying out the Invention the main framing and arrange-
ment of the lathe and other parts may be like that of ordinary hand looms for
weaving such goods. In one modification the cams for moving back the lathe
are placed in front of it, there being two, oue to act on each end.
is on a shaft in an iron framing at the side, which framing also contains a low
shaft fitted with cams for actuating the heddles and picking levers and
suitably geared to the lathe cam shaft. The low shaft is continued ec
pletely across the loom and connects the two sets of gearing. The la
cams are each shaped with a spiral part which forces back the lathe,.

page_text: which passes into a cylindrical part that keeps the lathe back for the
necessary time. At the end of the cylindrical part the cam is as it were cut
away to allow the lathe to return forward by its own weight or by weights or
springs applied to it. The lathe cams may be arranged to beat up twice
between each pick as is done in the hand looms. The picking cams are
similarly shaped, and raise weighted levers which then fall and strike short
bell-crank arms on the picking levers, which last act in vertical or nearly
vertical planes. The picking levers do not however follow the lathe, but are
formed with their upper ends bent forward, so that the drivers or driver straps
can slide backwards and forwards on them as the lathe vibrates. The
heddle cams are like ordinary ones excepting that they are each formed
with a cylindrical part to keep the shed open a sufficient length of time. If
preferred the gearing may be arranged at the back instead of the front of
the lathe, and so as to pull it back instead of pushing it back, but in any case
the lathe must return forward independently of the cams. It is preferred to
obtain the return forward of the lathe by suspending it above on an axis
sufficiently forward to give it a tendency to swing forward simply by its own
gravitation. The minor details may obviously be varied according to
circumstances.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN ROTARY ENGINES
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL. SPECIFICATION left by George Fitzjames Russell at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
11th May 1867.
GEORGE FITZJAMES RUSSELL, of Piccadilly, in the County of Middlesex,
Esquire, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN ROTARY ENGINES," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to certain improvements in the construction of
rotary engines to be worked by steam or other power, whereby a great advan-
tage will be obtained over rotary engines as hitherto constructed, both by
lessening the amount of friction and in saving fuel and steam.
I propose to construct a tubular quadrant or other portion of a segmental
tube and to fix the same on a bed plate or foundation; this tube is provided
with a slot cut completely through its internal periphery. I place standards
on the bed plate containing bearings, whose centre is from radii drawn from
the quadrant or segment, and in these bearings I set a shaft or axle con-
taining four or other number of arms, to the extremity of which I attach
pistons or circular dises furnished with suitable steam-tight packing to fit the
internal diameter of the segmental tube or steam cylinder. From the axle [
bring bevelled gearing in communication with ball governors, with excentrics
to regulate the exhaust and inlet valves, and also to cause the revolution of a
horizontal series of arms carrying a series of stops of a circular form, which
pass over the top of the segmental cylinder and consecutively stop and open
the entrance of the cylinder in order to allow of the revolution of the

page_text: pistons, and to form a bearing for the pressure of the steam to force the
pistons down and through the cylinder. The arms carrying the pistons are
also provided with an annular ring just within the pistons; this ring con-
tinually comes within the cylinder in grooves or slots, and so closes the
aperture on the internal periphery of the cylinder and strengthens the piston
The steam may be cut off at half or third part of the stroke to allow
-of-expansion,-or_the_cut off may be arranged to allow of any degree of
expansion required. By the adoption of a segmental cylinder the friction on
the pistons is reduced to a minimum, because after the pistons have done
their work they pass free of the cylinder and traverse through open space.
The cylinder stops rotate horizontally, and consecutively form caps or covers
thereon, escaping just in time to allow of the entrance of the pistons; the
power is therefore derived directly from the revolution of the pistons and from
the shaft which carries them. A fly wheel should be attached to the shaft for
stationary engines, but for marine engines or locomotives the power may be
taken from the shaft to the driving wheels, paddles, or screw. By arranging
a second quadrant or section of the cylinder above. or in the same periphery
as the one described the piston by its revolution at. a high velocity will
produce its own vacuum, and thus the engine will become a combined high-
pressure and, low-pressure engine.
IMPROVEMENTS IN STILLS FOR PETROLEUM, PARAFFINE OIL, TAR, TURPENTINE, AND LIKE BODIES
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John William Perkins at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
21st June 1867.
I, JOHN WILLIAM PERKINS, of 32, Great St. Helen's, in the City of London,
and County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN STILLS FOR PETROLEUM, PARAFFINE OIL, TAR, TURPENTINE,
AND LIKE BODIES," to be as follows :-
The still consists of a series of chambers or compartments in communication
with each other, each of which chambers contains a coil of pipes through
which the heating medium is caused to flow. The heating medium consists
of a series of zig-zag or spiral pipes placed in an oven or reverberatory furnace
or sand both for raising the fluid or body to be used as the heating medium,
and flowing through the pipes into the body of the still at the required tempe-
When required to work any admixture of bodies I use a revolving
cylinder as a charger to the still by which any compounds or chemicals may be
mixed before passing into the still. Into each compartment I place a pipe or
perforated coil for the conveying therein superheated, or wet steam when
desired, and each chamber is connected to the other by means of a syphon for
the cleansing of the still by means of the steam whenever necessary. At the
extremity of the heating medium I maintain the current through the still by
means of an ordinary force pump enclosed in a reservoir or tank of oil for
supplying the charger with hot oil, and the discharge pipe of the still is
encased in an ordinary Lebeg's condenser.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CARRIAGE LAMPS
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Barnes at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 31st December
1867.
I, WILLIAM BARNES, of the City of Worcester, Commercial Traveller, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
CARRIAGE LAMPS," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists of the arrangement herein-after described of the
parts of carriage lamps, the said arrangement of parts having for its object to
effect the perfect ventilation of the lamp, and to permit of the introduction of
a greater or less amount of air at pleasure, so as to suit the combustion of the
lamp and the different conditions of wind and draft to which the lamp may
be exposed in use.
In constructing a carriage lamp according to my Invention I form in the
cylindrical or slightly conical metallic chimney of the lamp a series of openings,
by preference of a rectangular figure, the said openings being arranged
symetrically around the chimney. In the interior of the chimney is a case or
lining capable of rotation in the said chimney and fitting closely therein.
The said case or lining is provided with a series of openings of the same size
and shape as those in the chimney, and similarly arranged. At the top of
the case or lining is an axis which passing through the top of the lamp

page_text: chimney is connected to a nob or handle. By turning the said nob or
handle in one direction the openings in the said case or lining may be made
to coincide with those in the chimney, when there is a free passage for the air
and products of combustion out of the lamp through the said openings. By
turning the said nob in the other direction the unperforated portion of the
case or lining may be brought opposite the openings in the chimney and the
passage of air from the lamp prevented. By bringing the case or lining into
positions more or less nearly approaching those described the quantity of air
circulating through the lamp may be determined at pleasure. The motion of
the case or lining is limited by stops.
IMPROVEMENTS IN FASTENINGS APPLICABLE TO BOOTS AND SHOES, GAITERS, GLOVES, BOOKS, PORTMONNAIES, AND OTHER ARTICLES
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Saxon Macarthy at the Office. of.
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 30th January
1867.
I, SAXON MACARTHY, of 23, Fitzroy Street, Fitzroy Square, in the County
of Middlesex, Artist, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN FASTENINGS APPLICABLE TO BOOTS AND SHOES, GAITERS, GLOVES,
BOOKS, PORTMONNAIES, AND OTHER ARTICLES," to be as follows:-
This invention relates to a peculiar construction of fastening applicable to
boots and shoes, gaiters, gloves, and other articles of dress, also to books,
portmonnaies, cigar cases, and fancy articles of that description.
This improved fastening consists of two strips of stout flexible material
having a longitudinal rib or bead raised upon one or both sides of the adjoining
edges of the strips; these strips may or may not be joined together at one.
end, and should be secured in any convenient manner one on each edge of the
part of the article to be secured or held together, as, for example, on each
edge of the opening in a boot or shoe; or the ribs or beads may be formed on
the upper of the boot or shoe itself. Along the longitudinal ribs or raised
beads slide freely a number of metal clasps (provided or not with antifriction
rollers) connected together at suitable distances apart by means of a chain or
other suitable flexible connection, a stud, button, or other convenient holder
being formed on the upper one of the series of clasps for facilitating the
sliding of such clasps along the ribs or projecting beads. When the several
clasps are pushed towards one end of the flexible strips they will leave the
other portion of the strips free to be separated or opened, in which condition

page_text: the boot or shoe or other article may be said to be unlaced or unfastened, but
by simply pulling at the top clasp so as to cause the series to slide up the ribs
of the flexible strips they will effectually connect, close, and secure the two
edges together. If found requisite any convenient contrivance, such as a loop
and button, may be employed for preventing the clasps from slipping down
again after the boot has been closed or fastened.
The material which I have found to answer best for the flexible strips is
known in the trade as "golden leather," consisting of woven wire, but I do
not confine myself to this material, as leather or other materials may be found
to answer in some cases.
AN IMPROVED MEANS OF ECONOMISING MOTIVE POWER
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henri Adrien Bonneville at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
2nd April 1867.-A communication from Antoine Courme, residing at
Vence, in the Department of the Alpes Maritimes, Empire of France,
Manufacturer.
I, HENRI ADRIEN BONNEVILLE, of the British and Foreign Patent Offices,
38, Porchester Terrace, Bayswater, in the County of Middlesex, Patent Agent,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED MEANS
OF ECONOMISING MOTIVE POWER," a communication from Antoine Courme, a
person resident at Vence, in the Department of the Alpes Maritimes, Empire
of France, aforesaid, Manufacturer, to be as follows:-
The Invention communicated to me relates to a very simple and improved
means whereby a saving in any sort of motive power may be obtained, or in
order to obtain by means of a given motive power an increase in the working,
and consists in replacing the bearings now used to support the shafts, axes, or
axle ends of the different parts of machines having a movement of rotation
by two friction rollers, which support and on which turn the said shafts, axes,
or axle ends. These friction rollers are made of smelted steel and rotate
on fixed axes underneath and on each side of the said shafts, axes, or axle
ends, from which they receive their rotation movement; by that means the
fixed fulcrums which exist with the bearings are done away with, and the loss
of power resulting from the friction of the said shafts, axes, or axle ends on
the bearings no longer takes place.
IMPROVEMENTS IN FIRE GUARDS AND FIRE SCREENS
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Hermon Symons at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 13th
September 1867.
I, HERMON SYMONS, of Dulwich, in the County of Surrey, Hardware Agent
and Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN FIRE GUARDS AND FIRE SCREENS," to be as follows, that is to
say:-
My Invention consists,―
Firstly. In making fire guards and fire screens of a number of leaves made
in various designs, either of plate metal or varigated wirework, each of
which leaves has an entirely independent action and revolves upon an axis
which is attached to hooks adapted to fit on the bars of any stove or grate
ordinarily used in domestic dwellings.
Secondly. The principle upon which the revolution or folding up of these
fire guards and fire screens is effected may be described in the following
manner, that is to say:-Each leaf is attached to a small metal wheel con-
taining two or more cogs, which wheel works horizontally and acts upon the
adjoining one, that is to say, No. 1 acts upon No. 2, and No. 2 upon No. 3,
and so on up to the number of leaves required; and by this arrangement the
fire guard or fire screen may be opened to any degree of a circle occupied by

page_text: one of the leaves. The folding up is effected by turning a handle which is
attached to the wheels of the leaves, and revolves loosely upon the axis,
forming an ornament to the fire guard or fire screen, and rendering the
removal of the same absolutely unnecessary while a fire remains burning in
the stove or grate.
AN IMPROVED SPECIES OF YARNS, AND APPARATUS TO BE APPLIED IN THE PRODUCTION THEREOF
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Wilcock Dalby and
Pickles Constantine at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 11th May 1867.
We, JOSEPH WILCOCK DALBY and PICKLES CONSTANTINE, both of Bradford,
in the County of York, Manufacturers, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "AN IMPROVED SPECIES OF YARNS, AND APPARATUS TO BE
APPLIED IN THE PRODUCTION THEREOF," to be as follows:-
Our improved species of yarns consists of two important points. The first
point is the spiral or double spiral coil or twist put on at any given intervals
upon an ordinary thread of yarn, such coiled threads or yarns may each be of
distinct colours if wished of simply alternate colours, thus producing when
woven and in the piece a pleasing effect.
The second feature of our Invention is in the apparatus by which we effect
this result, and this consists, viz., of a sectional wheel placed under the back
rollers and which in its revolutions retards at given intervals the passage of
the same.
In front of the front rollers we place an additional creel board
which carries the coloured threads of yarns, and these are passed by means of
wires so as to perform a junction with the thread or yarn emitted from the
front rollers betwixt the latter and the flyer, the number of such colours being
of course dependant upon the pattern required. The effect produced and the
apparatus used therein belong alike to worsted, woollen, cotton, and silk fibres.
AN IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR PREVENTING THE ACCESS OF INSECTS TO THE INTERIOR OF DWELLINGS, AND TO PICTURES, MIRRORS, AND ARTICLES OF FURNITURE
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Henry Johnson at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 29th April
1867. A communication from abroad by John George De Coursey,
of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America.
I, JOHN HENRY JOHNSON, of 47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the County of
Middlesex, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"AN IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR PREVENTING THE ACCESS OF INSECTS TO THE
INTERIOR OF DWELLINGS, AND TO PICTURES, MIRRORS, AND ARTICLES OF FURNITURE,"
a communication to me from abroad by John George De Coursey, of
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America, to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to a cheap and simple contrivance for preventing the
access of insects to the interior of dwellings, and to pictures, mirrors, articles
of furniture, and other objects, and consists in the employment for that
purpose of a piece of net gauze or other open or reticulated fabric attached at
its edges to elastic cords or bands of vulcanized india-rubber or other suitably
elastic material, and provided or not at the four corners with a plate of metal
or other suitable material having a hole made, therein, or with a piece of
canvass or stout fabric provided with an eyelet hole or loop for the con-
venience of attaching the same to pins or hooks in a frame, or to the sash and
frame of an open window. As the side cords or bands are perfectly elastic,
the net, when released, contracts to small dimensions, but when it is applied
it will extend along its four sides to the full dimensions of the fabric, and thus

page_text: fit different sized openings, or cover beds, or other articles of furniture,
pictures, or mirrors of various sizes, the tension and elasticity of the bands
or cords keeping them sufficiently close to the surface to which they are
applied to prevent the access of insects under the sides of the net.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN MOUNTING OR APPLYING WHEELS TO ROAD CARRIAGES OF ALL KINDS
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Griffith Jones at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 22nd October
1867.
I, GRIFFITH JONES, of Ynysgoed, near Llanerchymede, in the County of
Anglesey, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN MOUNTING OR APPLYING WHEELS TO ROAD CARRIAGES OF ALL KINDS,"
to be as follows (that is to say):-
This Invention consists of a means of mounting the wheels of road carriages
so as to reduce the friction on the axle to a minimum, and consists in forming
the nave of the wheel through which the fixed axle runs with two annular
fixed collars, and about one-fourth of the distance from each end of the opening
on the outer of each of the annular rings are placed a number of antifriction
rollers which encircle the axle and have their axis in line with the stationary
axle which they surround, and the bearings of the antifriction rollers are formed
in a pair of rings which are together and connected parallel by short studs
dispersed at equal distances between the rollers so as to insure the unity of
motion of the several parts of the antifriction rollers. The inner end of the
fixed axle is formed with an annular collar, and is provided with a plate or
loose disc surrounding the axle, but which is secured by nuts and bolts or in
any other convenient way to the nave, thus preventing the travelling wheel

page_text: being drawn off its fixed axis. The outer set of rollers may be held in position
by a screwed cap or cover or in any other convenient manner.
In place of using the annular rings for mounting the antifriction rollers in
the bearings of the inner ends of the antifriction rollers may be formed in the
fixed annular collar, and the outer bearings in the back and front wheel face
plates, which in this modification it is preferred to connect together by means of
bolts and screws, and the back plate may be recessed to receive a fixed
transverse annular collar on the inner end of the axle for locking the wheel
thereto, and as an additional security a screwed nut may be placed on the
outer end of the axle and held in position by a split cotter or in any other
.convenient manner.
In the last modification the antifriction wheels. travel round the fixed axis
and the periphery of which is only in contact therewith, but in the first
modification the peripheries of the several antifriction rollers may not only be
in contact with the circular surface, of the fixed axle but also with the inner
circular surface of the bush, which modification is preferred.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF IRON AND STEEL
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Bower at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 25th September
1867.
I, JOSEPH BOWER, of Hunslet, in the County of York, Manufacturing
Chemist, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF IRON AND STEEL," to be as follows:-
My Invention chiefly relates to the manufacture of malleable iron, and iron
applicable for manufacturing into steel, and consists in purifying the iron as
hereafter described, whereby I obtain a strong fibrous metal. I take, say, 4
cwt. of cast iron, which I melt in a puddling furnace, and while it is in a fluid
state I introduce and mix with it about 2 per cent. of chloride of aluminium
with a little carbonaceous matter, such as charcoal or sawdust, which I prefer
to use in a moist state. The iron is then puddled in the usual manner.
When I employ Swedish or other similar quality of iron the mode above
described of purifying it converts it into steel.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ORNAMENTING CANDLES AND IN APPARATUS EMPLOYED FOR THAT PURPOSE
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Arthur Field and William Bryer
Nation at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 9th March 1867.
We, ARTHUR FIELD, of the Firm of John Charles and John Field, of
Upper Marsh, Lambeth, and WILLIAM BRYER NATION, of No. 394, Old
Kent Road, both in the County of Surrey, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN ORNAMENTING CANDLES AND IN
APPARATUS EMPLOYED FOR THAT PURPOSE," to be as follows:-
One part of our Invention consists in producing upon the surface of candles
helical or straight grooves, and in filling such grooves with wax, stearine,
paraffine, or other suitable fatty matter of a different colour or colours from that
of the candle. For this purpose we either insert into the mould of the candle,
before this is cast, loose helical or straight pieces of metal or other suitable
material, which when the candle is drawn from the mould pass out with the
same, and are then readily removed from the candle, or we cast the candle in
the usual manner, and afterwards pass it through a die or dies so shaped as to
cut the requisite helical or straight grooves upon it; or the candle when
cast may be placed in a second mould having a straight or helical slit in it,
and by passing a cutting edge along such slit so as to cut a groove in the
candle, and then turning the candle partly round and cutting a second groove

page_text: in the candle, and so on, the requisite helical or straight grooves may be
produced; the candle thus prepared is then again placed into a mould, and
the grooves upon the same are filled in with melted wax or other material of
the required colour or colours. In some cases the helical or straight grooves
formed in the first instance may be left without being filled in, as described,
so as to form flutings on the candle.
Another part of our Invention has for its object to produce candles with
ornamental designs upon their surfaces by means of folding moulds. For
this purpose we form the mould of the candle in two or more parts longitudinally,
and at the points where the moulds divide we introduce loose strips or
bars of metal or other suitable material so as to produce longitudinal grooves
or flutings in the candles at such points, which may or may not be filled
with melted wax or other substance of a different colour or colours. Upon
the inner surfaces of the parts of the mould we produce either raised or
sunken ornamental designs, so that when the candle is cast such designs are
formed either in relief upon or sunk into the surface of the candle. In the
former case the sunken designs in the mould may either be filled in with
coloured wax or other material previous to casting the candle, so as to
produce coloured designs in relief upon the same, or such designs may be
made of the same material and colour as the candle, and where the designs
are sunk into the candle they may either be filled in or not with melted
wax or other substance of a different colour or colours from that of the candle.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF BRICKS AND SIMILAR MOULDED ARTICLES
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Hodson at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 3rd April
1867.
1, WILLIAM HODSON, of Kingston Square, in the Borough of Kingston-
upon-Hull, Mechanical Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF BRICKS
AND SIMILAR MOULDED ARTICLES," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in machinery for the
manufacture of bricks and similar moulded articles. In the centre of an upright
cylindrical casing a vertical axis is mounted; it is driven in any convenient
The clay or brick earth is placed in the casing, and it is worked
downwards by blades upon the axis. At the bottom of the shaft sweepers are
fixed near the lower end of the case; from the axis for some distance outwards
the sweepers are so inclined as to tend to lift the material; their outer ends
are curved backwards, so that as they travel round they press the material
against the sides of the casing. At distances apart orifices or mouth pieces
are formed in the casing, the sweepers as they sweep round squeeze out the
clay or material into the mouth pieces, which mouth pieces conduct the clay
into a lubricated die and on to the cutting apparatus and riser. The mouth
pieces are lined with wood and covered with fustian or similar fabric and
lubricated with water; common moulds can be fixed on the outside with sliding
doors or shutters to close the mouth pieces, and such doors or shutters also

page_text: carry cutting wires, so that as the door is closed any clay or material protruding
from the mouth piece is cut off. In front of each orifice a support is fixed
which receives a mould suitable for forming a brick or other article and holds
it firmly up to the mouth piece, then the sliding door is removed the clay or
material issues and fills the mould. When the mould is full the sliding door
is closed, and in the same act the moulded article is cut off; it is still contained
in the mould, which is removed and replaced by an empty one.
AN IMPROVED APPARATUS TO MANUFACTURE THE RIMS OF HATS
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henri Adrien Bonneville at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 18th
December 1867.-A communication from Jean Prosper Morlot, residing
at Paris, Boulevard de Sébastopol, 72.
1, HENRI ADRIEN BONNEVILLE, of the British and Foreign Patent Offices, 38,
Porchester Terrace, Bayswater, in the County of Middlesex, and 24, Rue du
Mont Thabor, Paris, in the Empire of France, Patent Agent, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED APPARATUS TO MANUFACTURE
THE RIMS OF HATS," a communication from Jean Prosper Morlot, a person
resident at Paris aforesaid, Boulevard de Sebastopol, 72, to be as follows:-
The Invention communicated to me consists in an improved apparatus to
raise and give any given shape to the rims of hats. It is composed of four jaws
shaped to suit the form to be given to the rim, and which may be varied at
will; they are placed and move horizontally on a table answering the purpose
of a frame to the whole apparatus; when close to each other they assume the
oval form of a bat's rim, and they first raise and then press the rims on the
table and against the form on which the hat has previously been placed.
Motion is imparted to these jaws by rods sliding horizontally in suitable guides
fixed on the table; these rods are themselves actuated by levers oscillating.
perpendicularly under the table. This oscillation,, which causes the upper and
lower extremities of the levers to draw nearer to or to recede from the centre of
the table, is obtained by pinions, nuts, and the shaft connected to the bandle
B (see Figure 1, Drawing), extremities of which shaft are wormed with
threads running in contrary directions.

page_text: The accompanying Drawings represent views in elevation and in plane of
the apparatus.
A is the table; B, the handle; C, C, C, the pinions; D, D, D, the levers, the
4th of which is not visible in the Drawing; E, E, E, the nuts, the 4th of which
is not visible in the Drawing; F, F, F, F, the rods; G, G, G, G, the slides; !
H, H, H, H, the jaws; O, the points at which the levers oscillate.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PLANING MACHINES, WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE ALSO APPLICABLE TO OTHER MACHINES AND ENGINES IN WHICH SLIDING SURPACES ARE EMPLOYED
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Muir at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 1st January
1867.
I, WILLIAM MUIR, of the Britannia Works, in the City of Manchester,
and of No. 10, John Street, Adelphi, in the City of Westminster, Engineer,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
PLANING MACHINES, WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE ALSO APPLICABLE TO OTHER MACHINES
AND ENGINES IN WHICH SLIDING SURPACES ARE EMPLOYED," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in making sliding surfaces partly of cast iron or
other hard metal, and partly of block tin or other antifriction metal.
When my improvements are applied to a planing machine I cast or form
recesses in the sliding surfaces of the bed, or the table, or in both, and these
recesses are filled with block tin or other antifriction metal; by this means
the surfaces of the slides will wear with less friction than heretofore, and the
galling of the sliding surfaces is prevented.
My Invention is also applicable to the slides of steam engines, and to other
heavy machines in which sliding surfaces are employed.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CHAIRS FOR AFFORDING PROPER SUPPORT AND REST TO THE HUMAN BODY (PARTICULARLY THE LOWER PART OF THE SPINE) WHEN IN A SITTING POSTURE
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Godfrey Gumpel at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 23rd
February 1867.
I, CHARLES GODFREY GUMPEL, of 49, Leicester Square, in the County of
Middlesex, Anatomical Mechanist, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN CHAIRS FOR AFFORDING PROPER SUPPORT AND
REST TO THE HUMAN BODY (PARTICULARLY THE LOWER PART OF THE SPINE) WHEN
IN A SITTING POSTURE," to be as follows:-
These improvements as applied to the so-called "easy chair" consist in
arranging the back lean for the support of the spine moveable on a pivot or
pivots, or hinge or hinges, close behind the seat, and enabling this back lean
to be placed at various angles of incline by means of a foot or support hinged
or jointed thereto, and gearing or taking into a ratchet or ratchets or notched
bar or bars placed at or on the back part of the lower frame of the chair on
which the seat is formed. Attachable to the front part of the chair is a leg
rest supported by a foot or prop jointed to it, which foot or prop can be placed
in different positions by means of a toothed or notched bar or bars gearing
into the frame of the chair or leg rest, whereby the latter can be made to
assume any convenient angle of incline.
My improvements as applied to the ordinary form of chair consist in
making the seat and back lean detached from the lower frame, but firmly
connected with each other, and of such a configuration as to afford proper
support to the lower region of the spine when sitting on the chair, and in
attaching this seat and back lean to the lower frame formed like that of an

page_text: ordinary chair by means of a pivot or pivots, joints or joints, hinge or hinges,
in such a manner as to permit the seat and back lean to incline backwards to
a convenient angle when the human body is sitting and partly reclining at
ease, and to move forward when the user of the chair is sitting upright or
against a table.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS TO BE EMPLOYED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF UMBRELLAS
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Robertson at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 19th January
1867.
I, JAMES ROBERTSON, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Umbrella
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "CERTAIN
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS TO BE EMPLOYED IN THE MANUFACTURE
OF UMBRELLAS," to be as follows:―
My Invention is designed for the purpose of shaping or preparing the
lower end or extremity of umbrella sticks for receiving the ferrule or metallic
tip or cap, and consists in the novel employment and use of two or more
revolving cutters or files mounted in adjustable bearings, and sliding in a
revolving frame or "chuck;" these cutter bearings are caused to simultaneously
advance to or recede from one common centre by means of screws and
connecting bevel gearing, and the whole is supported in a suitable framing
and driven by strap and pulley. When the end of the umbrella stick is
presented to the revolving cutters or files, which have been previously set to
the right position by means of the aforesaid screws and bevil gearing, they
reduce whilst revolving the said end to the shape and form required for
receiving the tip or ferrule.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BUTTONS OR FASTENINGS FOR DRESS
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Young at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 2nd July 1867.
I, THOMAS YOUNG, of Philiadelphia, United States of America, now residing
at Enfield, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN BUTTONS OR FASTENINGS FOR DRESS," to
be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in buttons or fastenings for
dress. For this purpose I form the button or fastening in two parts, one of
which forms the back, and the other the front or face of the button; the back
portion is made like an ordinary suspender or brace button with three or more
holes formed through it, so that it may be attached to a garment by sewing;
through the centre of the back part of the button is another hole, in which
is cut a screw thread. The front portion or face of the button carries at its
back a projecting pin or shank with a male screw, which can be screwed into
the central hole in the back portion of the button which is sewn on to the
garment. By this arrangement when the garment is not being worn, or when-
ever desired, the face of each button upon it may be removed and may be
screwed on to other back pieces, either loose or sewn on to other garments.
The face of each back piece of a button may also be suitably finished to
allow of its being used as a button without screwing on to it a head or face,
so that it may be worn with or without a face screwed on to it. In place of
the female screw being formed in the back half of the button and the male
screw on the front half or face, the male screw may be on the back and the
female screw in the front half of the button, but not I believe so advan-

page_text: tageously. When sewing the back portions of the buttons on to garments
care must be taken that the thread does not pass across the centre of the back,
so that the threads may not interfere with the screwing on of the faces. In
place of employing screw threads for connecting together the front and back
of the button catches or fastenings of other descriptions might be adopted.
CONSUMING SMOKE, ECONOMISING FUEL, AND GENERATING STEAM
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel Cunliffe Lister at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 17th July
1867.
I, SAMUEL CUNLIFFE LISTER, of Manningham Hall, Bradford, Yorkshire, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "CONSUMING SMOKE,
ECONOMISING FUEL, AND GENERATING STEAM," to be as follows:-
At the present time steam is extensively and successfully used for the
prevention and consumption of smoke; as now used the steam is admitted.
at the furnace door in front of the fire.
Now my first improvement consists in admitting the steam or steam and air
at the bridge, and in order to mix it properly with the gases in the furnace I
prefer to blow the steam and air through a number of tubes (pierced with.
holes) in the flue.
Secondly, in forcing a current of air or air and steam through hollow grate
bars pierced with holes at intervals so as to blow the fire with air or air and
steam combined; I am aware that hollow grate bars have been used through
which air has passed by its own free action; but my improvement consists in
forcing it through with a fan or other means. These arrangements are
particularly applicable to steam boiler furnaces, a great economy of fuel. results,.
and the smoke is consumed.
IMPROVEMENTS IN FIRE LIGHTERS AND FIRE REVIVERS
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Clowes Bayley and Daniel
Campbell at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 17th September 1867.
We, JOHN CLOWES BAYLEY and DANIEL CAMPBELL, of 10, John Street,
Adelphi, in the County of Middlesex, Engineers, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN FIRE LIGHTERS AND FIRE REVIVERS,"
to be as follows:-
The composition consists of a mixture of wood, sawdust, turnings or
shavings, and resin. The resin must be first melted, and the sawdust or other
materials above mentioned added to it; when thoroughly incorporated the
composition is moulded into the required forms, and when dry is ready for use.
The proportions which we prefer are about one-half by weight of resin, and
one-half sawdust, either alone or with about one-fourth part of wood turnings
or shavings.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN MECHANISM OR APPARATUS (TERMED DRAWING FRAMES) EMPLOYED FOR PREPARING COTTON OR OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Greenhalgh at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 26th
November 1867.
I, HENRY GREENHALGH, of Bolton, in the County of Lancaster, Machine
Maker, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "CERTAIN
IMPROVEMENTS IN MECHANISM OR APPARATUS (TERMED DRAWING FRAMES) EMPLOYED
FOR PREPARING COTTON OR OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to that portion of apparatus employed for preparing
cotton and other fibrous substances termed "drawing frames," and to that
part of drawing frames known as the "sliver stop motion," and used for stop-
ping the particular "head" of the machine when any particular sliver breaks,
which has hitherto been effected by means of the balanced "spoon-stop motion,"
as a substitute for which the present Invention is designed.
The improvements consist in the novel application and use of a balanced
lever, having at one end a vertical rod with curved guides at the upper end;
the opposite end of the lever being provided with a weight adjustable on a
screw so as to adjust the balance of the lever. The sliver passes from the
delivery rollers through a tension eye or guide, also adjustable, and over the
aforesaid curved guide, and thence through a "trumpet mouth" into the
ordinary can or receiver, and as long as the sliver remains united the lever is
balanced by its weight, but when disconnected the weighted end of the lever
falls, and the end thereof comes in contact with the ordinary rocking bar
which actuates the ordinary stop motion of the machine.
A NEW AND IMPROVED MEANS OF TRANSMITTING BY ELECTRICITY THE HOUR AND THE SYNCHRONISM OF THE HOURS BETWEEN PUBLIC AND PRIVATE CLOCKS
Year: 1867

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Henri Adrien Bonneville, of the British and Foreign
Patent Offices, 38, Porchester Terrace, Bayswater, in the County of
Middlesex, and 24, Rue du Mont Thabor, Paris, in the Empire of
France, Patent Agent, for the Invention of "A NEW AND IMPROVED
MEANS OF TRANSMITTING BY ELECTRICITY THE HOUR AND THE SYNCHRONISM
OF THE HOURS BETWEEN PUBLIC AND PRIVATE CLOCKS."-A communication
from Victor. Delay, residing at Lyons, in the Empire of France,
Gentleman.
Sealed the 25th October 1867, and dated the 2nd May 1867.
· pursuance of the conditions of the. Letters Patent.).
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Henri Adrien Bonneville
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
2nd May 1867.
1, HENRI ADRIEN BONNEVILLE, of the British and Foreign Patent Offices,
38, Porchester Terrace, Bayswater, in the County of Middlesex, and 24,
Rue du Mont Thabor, Paris, in the Empire of France, Patent Agent, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "A NEW AND IMPROVED
MEANS OF TRANSMITTING BY ELECTRICITY THE HOUR AND THE SYNCHRONISM OF THE
HOURS BETWEEN PUBLIC AND PRIVATE CLOCKS," a communication from Victor

page_text: Delay, a person resident at Lyons, in the Empire of France, aforesaid,
Gentleman, to be as follows:-
The Invention which has been communicated to me relates to the trans-
mission of the hour from clocks in public places to clocks in private habitations
by means of electricity, and to obtain the same time by the different clocks
thus put into communication with each other. Instead of using a single pile
at the starting point the Invention consists in dividing the elements of that
pile into several series placed at stated distances with groups of houses
between, so that as the electric conducting wire is constantly steeped at
certain intervals in the partial-elements of the pile the electric fluid never loses
anything of its power. The motion of the hands of each clock is obtained by
the oscillating lever, one of the arms of which carries a little moveable plate
on which acts an electro-magnet, whilst on the other arm is fixed a weight
counterbalancing the attraction of the electro-magnet, so that according as the
electric current passes or is interrupted the oscillation of the lever is produced,
and the movement is transmitted to the hands by connecting wheels through
the agency of an anchor fixed on the lever near the pivot on which it oscillates.
In order to obtain the intermittent action of the electro-magnet by the inter-
inittent passage of the electric current the extremity of the bobbin wires is in
contact with a wheel where the wire of the pile ends, the circumference of
which wheel is half in copper and half in wood, so as to interrupt the passage
of the current. This wheel is fixed on the scapement wheel of a regulating
apparatus carrying the pendulum. The same disposition of mechanism is
applied to the striking work by means of the regulator of said striking work.
IMPROVEMENTS IN 'BANDING' FOR DRIVING THE SPINDLES OF MACHINES USED FOR SPINNING, DOUBLING, AND TWISTING COTTON, WOOL, FLAX,... SILK, AND OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION:left by Thomas Unsworth at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 26th March
1867.
I. THOMAS UNSWORTH, of No. 6, Brown Street, in the City of Mauchester,
in the County of Lancaster, Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN 'BANDING' FOR DRIVING THE SPINDLES
OF MACHINES USED FOR SPINNING, DOUBLING, AND TWISTING COTTON, WOOL, FLAX,...
SILK, AND OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS," to be as follows:-
Spindles of machinery have hitherto been driven by means of "bands"
formed of tape woven from cotton threads or of twisted strands of cotton..
threads.
My Invention consists in applying banding to the driving of spindles made.
of the threads of flax, Italian benip, or like materials (though I prefer flax),.
which threads are braided together to form a tubular fabric in the well-known
braiding machines used for covering cords forming a central core. This
braided tubular fabric when in use becomes a double flat tape, and it con-
sequently has greater strength, durability, and adhesion than the common
banding hitherto used, as it presents more surface and accomodates itself
better to the peripheries of the drums and pulleys or
"warves" upon
which it works.
THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL OR COMPRESSED FUEL IN THE TREATMENT OF COAL, PEAT, CHARCOAL, TAN, SAWDUST, AND WOODY FIBRE, WHEREBY THOSE SUBSTANCES EITHER TOGETHER OR SEPARATELY CAN BE UTILIZED WHEN IN A STATE OF POWDER OR MINUTE DIVISION AND CONVERTED INTO A SERVICEABLE FUEL
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Richards Lückes at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
11th September 1867.
I, HENRY RICHARDS LÜCKES, of Coleford, in the County of Gloucester,
Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "THE
MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL OR COMPRESSED FUEL IN THE TREATMENT OF COAL,
PEAT, CHARCOAL, TAN, SAWDUST, AND WOODY FIBRE, WHEREBY THOSE SUBSTANCES
EITHER TOGETHER OR SEPARATELY CAN BE UTILIZED WHEN IN A STATE OF POWDER
OR MINUTE DIVISION AND CONVERTED INTO A SERVICEABLE FUEL," to be as
follows:-
This Invention has for its object to produce artificial fuel in the form of
bricks or blocks from small coal, coal dust, peat, charcoal, tan, sawdust,
woody fibre, or other combustible matters in a finely divided state. The
cohesion of the divided particles of the carbonaceous substance employed in
the manufacture of the artificial fuel is effected by incorporating with them a
mucilage obtained by boiling or otherwise from the common descriptions of
seaweed; this mucilage in either a hot or cold state is added to the other
ingredients, and carefully mixed therewith, after which the mass is formed by
any convenient means of compression into blocks of the required size and
form; these blocks are then dried in a stove or oven, or in a room heated by
hot air.