IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PRODUCTION OF INDIGO DYE COLORS.IN. DYEING AND PRINTING, TEXTILE: FABRICS, AND FIBROUS MATERIALS
Year: 1854

page_text: LETTERS PATENT: to. Albinus Martin, of the City of Westminster,, Civil
"
Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PRODUCTION OF
INDIGO DYE COLORS.IN. DYEING AND PRINTING, TEXTILE: FABRICS, AND FIBROUS
MATERIALS."-A communication.
.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Albinus Martin at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his 'Petition; on the
6th December 1854.
I, ALBINUS MARTIN, of the City of Westminster, Civil Engineer, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PRODUCTION
OF INDIGO DYE COLORS IN DYEING AND PRINTING TEXTILE FABRICS AND FIBROUS
MATERIALS (commiunicated to me by a foreigner residing cabroad,) to be as
follows: ....
When the fabric or material is: to be dyed only; I pass it. through a bath of
water, holding manganese in solution or suspension." This bath. may. be pre-
'pared by taking a saturated solution of sulphate or muriate of manganese, 'and
adding to it a quantity of chalk or alkali, sufficient to neutralize the acid
contained in the salt of manganese. After fabrics: or materials come from
the bath I have mentioned, I pass them through a second bath of water, con=

page_text: taining orpiment or red arsenic in solution or suspension, which I prepare
by adding orpiment or red arsenic and a strong, caustic alkali in the propor-
tion of from 1 of orpiment to 5 or more of alkali to the water in the bath.
The strength of the baths may be varied according to the shade of color
required. The materials are next to be washed with clean water, dried, and
then dyed, by being dipped in the indigo dye in the usual manner.
When fabrics are to be dyed in the manner usually called printing, I pass them
through such baths as I have described. After they have been thoroughly
dried, I print them in the usual manner with a "reserve" paste, to which I add
oxalic or other acid, for the purpose of discharging the manganese or other
metallic substances, before mentioned, from the printed portions of the fabric.
The reserve paste may in other respects be prepared in the manner well under-
stood, and the printing also applied in the manner ordinarily followed in the
printing of indigo dyed goods. Fabrics, after being so prepared and printed
as just described, are next dyed in the indigo dye in the usual manner.
Instead of adding an acid to the "reserve" paste, the usual reserve paste
without such addition may be employed, and I then pass the goods after they
come from the dye vat through a bath containing a solution of sulphate of iron,
and also a quantity of sulphuric, muriatic, or other acid, for the purpose of
discharging the manganese or other metallic substances, before mentioned, from
the printed parts of the goods.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Albinus Martin in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
5th June 1855.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, ALBINUS
MARTIN, of the City of Westminster, Civil Engineer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Sixth day of December, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-four, in the eighteenth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said Albinus Martin, Her special licence that I, the said Albinus Martin,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Albinus
Martin, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the
term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel

page_text: Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PRODUCTION
OF INDIGO DYE COLORS IN DYEING AND PRINTING TEXTILE FABRICS AND FIBROUS
MATERIALS," (communicated to me by a foreigner residing abroad), upon the
condition (amongst others) that I, the said Albinus Martin, by an instrument
in writing under my hand and seal, should particularly describe and ascertain
the nature of the said Invention; and in what manner the same was to be
performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office
within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said
Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Albinus Martin, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement thereof, that is to say:
The Invention consists in the production of indigo dye colors, by subjecting
the textile fabrics and fibrous materials to be dyed or printed to a bath holding
in solution or suspension some salt of manganese next to a bath containing
orpiment in solution or suspension with caustic alkali, and then to an indigo
vat, known to indigo dyers and printers as the hot ash or alkaline indigo vat.
And the manner in which I carry the said Invention into effect is as follows:-
The fabric or fibrous material to be dyed or printed must be bleached in the
usual manner. When the fabric or material is to be dyed-only, I pass it through
a bath of water, holding neutralised salt of manganese or any other salt of
manganese in solution or suspension, of a strength of from 1 to 5 Twaddle,
according to the shade of color desired. The fabric or material is then to be
dried; when dry I pass the fabric or material through another bath, containing
orpiment or red arsenic in solution or suspension with caustic alkali, in the
proportion of 1 of orpiment to 5 of alkali, and of the strength of from 1 to 10
Twaddle; I next hang up the fabric in a cool room for a few hours to oxydize
the manganese, and after that I wash it in cold water and dry it in a stove.
The, fabric is now ready for the indigo color; and in order to dye it, I immerse
it in the usual hot ash or alkaline indigo vat, and the strength of this vat varies
as well as the time the fabric is left therein, according to the shade and depth
of color required, as will be well understood by any dyer accustomed to the
use of the hot ash or alkaline indigo vat. The fabric, after being washed in
cold water, is passed through a bath containing oxalic or other acid, of sufficient
strength to discharge the manganese. The acid is to be thoroughly washed out
of the fabric, which after being dried is ready for the market.
When-the-fabric-is-to-be-printed,-I-pass-it-through-the-manganese
and
orpiment and caustic alkaline baths, herein-before described,-but-make-each of

page_text: these baths stronger, say, of from 5° to 20° Twaddle, and after being thoroughly
dried I print thereon the pattern or design in the usual manner with a reserve
paste prepared in the manner well understood in the printing of indigo dyed
goods, and then immerse it in the hot ash or alkaline indigo vat, as herein-before
described.
'
And having now described the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, I déclare that I claim, as improvements
in the production of indigo dye colors in dyeing and printing, the submitting
of the fabrics or materials to be so dyed or printed to baths containing
respectively a salt of manganese, orpiment, and caustic. alkali, and then to a
hot ash or alkaline indigo vat, in the manner herein-before described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Albinus Martin, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Fourth day of June, One thousand eight hundred
and fifty-five
Witness,
R. A. BROOMAN,
Patent Agent,
166, Fleet St, London.
ALBINUS MARTIN. (L.S.)