IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF BOILERS AND FURNACES."
Year: 1874

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Nicholas Demetrius Spartali, of Liverpool, in
the County of Lancaster, Steam Ship Agent, for the Invention of
“IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF BOILERS AND FURNACES."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Nicholas Demetrius
Spartali at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his
Petition, on the 6th July 1874.
I, NICHOLAS DEMETRIUS SPARTALI, of Liverpool, in the County of
Lancaster, Steam Ship Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF BOILERS AND
FURNACES," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates chiefly to arrangements of boilers in which
This I
steam may be generated in an efficient and economical manner.
propose to do by subdividing the water space so as to produce a large
area of heating surface.
My Invention applies both to tubular and shell boilers, and to

page_text: и огаст и спеста ссовому
1 шойну
ment of the fire-places, and I so arrange the flues and combustion
chambers as to ensure the consumption of all the ignitable gases evolved
from the fuel.
To render the general principles of my Invention the more evident I
have appended to this my Provisional Specification nine Sheets of
Drawings which illustrate the modified forms and arrangements of
which my Invention is susceptible.
Sheet I. represents a boiler composed of horizontal and vertical water
tubes, which are so disposed as to leave free access for the circulation of
the flame and heated gases of the furnace between and around them.
The furnace is provided with horizontal floors or division plates to give
a serpentine direction to the ascending flame and gases. Fires are
provided at the opposite ends of the furnace, and as an extension of one
of the fire-places a trough-shaped grate is added. This is capable of
being drawn endwise from the furnace and of being tipped and shaken
to discharge the ashes therefrom. In the lower part of the furnace is a
horizontal sliding shutter for admitting air to the fires, and below this
shutter is a chamber, to which air is admitted. A similar shutter is
provided immediately below the chimney, and in the chamber containing
the steam receiver is a feed water heater which is connected with the
boiler at various levels so as to ensure a good circulation of water to all
parts of the boiler. This contrivance I propose to use in any or all of
the stationary boilers hereafter referred to. The air chamber at the
bottom of the furnace is connected with the chimney by a flue pipe for
the purpose of receiving hot gases therefrom for heating the air supplied
to the fires. The division of the furnace immediately below the fire-
places is similarly connected with the air chamber, and a damper is
provided for cutting of the connection.
Sheet II. shows a twin boiler and furnace of substantially the same
construction as that just referred to, the combustion chamber being in
this case in the middle of the furnace. At times I place an auxiliary
fire furnace in the centre or combustion chamber fixed from the side to
facilitate combustion.
Sheets III, and IV. show modified arrangements of tubes for presenting

page_text: Sheet V. shows a cylindrical or barrel boiler with a central flue, and
fitted with tubular extensions.
In Sheet VI. Fig. A shows a cylindrical boiler with an internal
arrangement of flues and water tubes arranged therein for ensuring a
rapid generation of steam. Fig. B shews a similar arrangement applied
to a shell boiler; and Fig. C shows a group of tubes in which steam
will be generated with great expedition. For producing a large amount
of steam several of such boilers may be connected together, and the
hot gases from one furnace may be led away to act upon a second
boiler.
In Sheet VII. Fig. A is another form of shell boiler with internal
water tubes; and Fig. B illustrates another arrangement of tubular
boiler, in which two fires are employed at different elevations.
In Sheet VIII. Fig. A represents a boiler consisting mainly of groups
of horizontal tubes connected together by cap-shaped water chambers,
and fitted with steam chambers of like construction. The furnace is
fitted with sliding shutters as in Sheet I. Fig. B represents an arrange-
ment for burning the gases evolved from the fire. These gases are led to
a central chamber, above which is a combustion chamber, and below
which is an air chamber. Hot air is admitted to the latter from a hot
air stove, and also cold air which mingles therewith. Air from this
chamber is admitted to the central chamber, where it mixes with the
gases from the fire place or places, and by means of slides or dampers the
mixed gases are admitted to the combustion chamber, where they are
burned to afford heat to a steam boiler, or to a reverberatory furnace, or
otherwise. Fig. C shows an adaptation of the tubular principle of water
tube boilers to a locomotive engine. The flames and heated gases on
leaving the fire-place are caused to pass through a double cylindrical grid
of water tubes (see also Fig. C*), and then between an arrangement of
tubes like some of those above referred to. These grids are composed of
annular water tubes, which are connected together by horizontal tubes
set at equal distances apart. A second fire-place is placed above the
ordinary fire-place, and heated gases are allowed to circulate around the
steam chamber before passing to the chimney.
Sheet IX. shows the application of the double cylinder grid to an
ordinary locomotive boiler. In this case the horizontal water tubes are
connected with the ordinary back tube plate instead of with the second

page_text: annular tube. This can be used for locomotive or for any other purpose;
and I place an auxiliary furnace over the main furnace, as in Sheet VIII.,
Fig. C, or at the back, as at Sheet V., or a little higher still.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Nicholas Demetrius Spartali in the Great Seal |
Patent Office on the 6th January 1875.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, NICHOLAS
DEMETRIUS SPARTALI, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, Steam
Ship Agent, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Sixth day of July, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-four, in the thirty-
eighth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said Nicholas Demetrius Spartali, Her
special licence, that I, the said Nicholas Demetrius Spartali,. my
executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said
Nicholas Demetrius Spartali, my executors, administrators, and assigns,
should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and
at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and
lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United
Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and
Isle of Man, an Invention for “IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF
BOILERS AND Furnaces,”. upon the condition (amongst others) that I,
the said Nicholas Demetrius Spartali, my executors or administrators, by
an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and
seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said
İnvention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and
cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Nicholas Demetrius Spartali, do
hereby declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascer-

page_text: tained in and by the following statement, reference being had to the
Drawing hereunto annexed, and to the letters and figures marked thereon
(that is to say)—
This Invention relates chiefly to arrangements of boilers in which
steam may be generated in an efficient and economical manner. This I
propose to do by subdividing the water space so as to produce a large
area of heating surface.
My Invention applies both to tubular and shell boilers, and to
stationary, marine, and locomotive boilers.
In order to effect an economy of fuel I modify the form and arrange-
ment of the fire-places, and I so arrange the flues and combustion
chambers as to ensure the consumption of all the ignitable gases evolved
from the fuel.
In Sheet I. of the accompanying Drawings Figures 1 and 2 represent
in longitudinal and cross section a boiler composed of horizontal and
vertical water tubes a and b which are so disposed and arranged within
a fire brick chamber A as to leave frce access for the circulation of the
flame and heated gases of the furnace between and around them. The
chamber A of the furnace is provided with horizontal floors or division
plates c to give a serpentine direction to the ascending flame and gases.
Fire-grates d and e are provided at the opposite ends of the chamber A
of the furnace, and as an extension of the fire-place da trough-shaped
grate is added. This grate is mounted upon and carried by guide rods,
which pass at one end through holes made in the end walls of the
chamber, while at the other end the rods pass through pendent socket
guides near the stoke doorway. By this means the auxiliary fire-grate f
is capable of being drawn endwise from the furnace chamber A, and of
being tipped and shaken to discharge the ashes therefrom. In the lower
part of the furnace chamber A is a horizontal sliding shutter g, operated
by hand lever g*, for admitting air to the fires, and below this shutter is
a chamber A', to which air is admitted through the dampers or valves h, h.
Immediately below the chimney a shutter is provided for regulating
the draught therein. The upper portion of the furnace chamber A contains
the steam receiver a¹ and a feed water heater B, which is connected
with the boiler at various levels by the pipes B', B³, so as to ensure a
good circulation of water to all parts of the boiler. This contrivance I
propose to use in any or all of the stationary boilers hereafter referred

page_text: to. The air chamber A' below the furnace chamber A is connected with
the chimney by a flué pipe C, Fig. 2, for the purpose of receiving hot
gases therefrom for heating the air supplied to the fires. The division of
the furnace chamber A immediately below the fire-places is similarly
connected with the air chamber by the air pipe C, and a damper is
provided therein for cutting off the communication as desired. Fuel
may be supplied to the fire-grates d and ƒ through the hopper D (as
shown in Fig. 1) without the necessity of opening the furnace doors.
Fig. 3 shews in longitudinal section a twin boiler and furnace of sub-
stantially the same construction as that just referred to, the combustion
chamber A* being in this case in the middle of the furnace, and the
chimney being set immediately over it, or midway between the fire-
places d and e.
Sheets II. and III. show modified arrangements of water and steam
tubes suitable for use in the furnace illustrated in Sheet I., and in sub-
stitution of the straight tubes of Figures 1, 2, and 3. The arrangements
illustrated by Figures A¹ to A' inclusive, in Shect II. and A', in
Sheet III. are formed of curved water tubes combined with spherical or
globular enlargements and horizontal cylindrical tubes, so as to obtain
the maximum equality in the circulation of the water supplied to such'
boilers, while at the same time providing a free exit for the steam from
the place of its formation to the steam chamber.
Fig. B, Sheet III., shews the same principle of construction applied
to a horizontal shell boiler.
Figures C¹ to C, Sheets II. and III., show other forms and arrange-
ments of water tube boilers suitable for the attainment of the above
object, and at the same time presenting a large heating surface to the fire.
Fig. 4, Sheet III., is a sectional view of an end cap and portion of the
tubes of one of my improved boilers. This Figure shows some of the
various ways by which I prefer to make the joints between the several
parts of the before-mentioned boilers.
Figures 5 and 6, Sheet IV., and Fig. 7, Sheet III., shew a cylindrical
or barrel boiler a in sectional and end view, Fig. 7 being a modification,
in which the barrel a is provided with fire-tubes, as well as a large
internal flue E, and fitted with tubular extensions b, b'. The tubular
extensions lead the steam from the barrel a of the boiler into the steam.

page_text: boiler a. The extensions 61, 61, are water tubes extending downwards
at an angle towards the opposite sides of the fire-chamber, and are
provided with spherical ends. The chamber A in which the boiler is
enclosed is divided by horizontal plates c, and fire-grates d and e are
fitted at both ends of the same, as before. The fire in the grate d acting
on the under side of the barrel a, and on the extensions 61, 61, the heated
air, flame, and unconsumed gases pass therefrom to and through the fire
on the grate e.
The heat and gases from these combined fires will then
pass over both sides of the barrel a and through the internal flue E, and
over and around the steam chamber a¹ (superheating the steam therein),
and thence through the shutters g¹ into the chimney. This furnace A
may be provided, like those before described, with a shutter g for the
air heating chamber A¹, and also with a water supply system of
tubes B¹,
Fig. 8 shews a cylindrical boiler with an internal arrangement of flues.
and combustion chamber A*, and water tubes arranged therein for
ensuring a rapid generation of steam. Fig. 9 shews a similar arrange-
ment applied to a vertical shell boiler, and Fig. 10 shows a group of
tubes 6, the steam chambers a¹ of which are connected together. Water
is supplied to the lower portion of the vertical tubes in a similar manner
to the before-mentioned boilers. This form of boiler is specially
applicable to the production of very high pressure steam, which it is
designed to raise with great expedition. For creating a large supply of
steam several of such boilers may be erected side by side; their furnace
chambers being connected together, and the hot gases from one furnace
led away to act upon the second and third boilers.
Fig. 11, Sheet V., is another form of shell boiler with internal water
tubes, and Fig. 12 illustrates another arrangement of tubular boiler, in
which two fires are employed at different elevations.
.
Fig. 13 represents a boiler consisting mainly of groups of horizontal
tubes a, connected together by cap-shaped water chambers b, and fitted
with steam chambers a¹ of like construction. The furnace is fitted with
sliding shutters.g, g', as in Sheet I., and the whole. is enclosed within a
furnace chamber A, provided with division plates cas before. The steam
chambers a arc enclosed in a division of the chamber A, and to this
part of the chamber the heated gases are admitted by the valve i situated
below the shutter g¹, and an exit is provided for them above the same by

page_text: the valvej; thus a circulation of the heated gases surround the steam
domes a¹ is ensured for superheating the steam contained therein, the
amount of which superheating is under control of the attendant by
means of the valves i and j.
Fig. 14 represents an arrangement for burning the gases evolved from
a furnace fire. The gases from the fire-place d are led to a central
chamber A, above which is a combustion chamber B, and below which
is an air chamber A¹. Hot air is admitted to the chamber A¹ from a hot
air stove, or the air may be heated by passing through and under the
fire-grate e, and cold air admitted through the damper 7 mingles there-
with. The combined hot and cold air is admitted from the chamber A¹
to the central chamber A through the sliding shutter g, where it mixes.
with the gases passing off from the fire-place d by means of sliding or
damper shutters g¹. The mixed gases are admitted to the combustion
chamber B, where they are burned to afford heat to a steam boiler, or to
a reverberatory furnace or otherwise, as may be desired.
Fig. 15 shews an adaptation of the tubular principle of water tube
boilers to a locomotive engine. The flames and heated gases on leaving
the fire-place d are caused to pass through a double cylindrical grid F
composed of water tubes, shewn on an enlarged scale at Fig. 16 in cross
section, and then between an arrangement of tubes like some of those
above referred to. These grids F are composed of annular water tubes k,
which are connected together by horizontal water tubes a set at equal
distances apart. A second fire-place e is placed above the ordinary firc-
place d, and heated gases are allowed to circulate around the steam
chamber a¹ before passing to the chimney.
Figures 17 and 18 shew in longitudinal and cross section the appli-
cation of the double cylinder grid F to an ordinary locomotive boiler.
In this case the horizontal water tubes a are connected with the ordinary
back tube plate instead of with the second annular tube, by which means
a larger combustion chamber A* is obtained.
Having now set forth the nature of my Invention of "Improvements
in the Construction of Boilers and Furnaces," and explained the manner
of carrying the same into effect, I wish it to be understood that under the
above in part recited Letters Patent I claim,-
First. The quick conversion of water into steam of high pressure by
the combination of the forms or groups of water tubes and water and

page_text: steam chambers, as described and illustrated in the accompanying
Drawings, whereby the gradual formation of vapor or steam from the
water in small quantities at a time is ensured, the ebullition being so
calculated that the particles of water in the lower parts of the boiler,
agitated by the heat of the furnaces, will fly into the upper chambers
containing water and steam, and so rise quickly into the same, and thus
priming, and the irregular circulation of the feed water and the water in
the body of the boiler will be prevented.
Secondly. The arrangement of furnaces above described in combination
with two or more fire-places, the object being so to heat the gases of
combustion by the introduction of heated air from below or in front of
the furnace, and causing the same to combine therewith, as to maintain a
high temperature in the furnace, and effect an economy of fuel and more
perfect utilization of the heat generated.
In witness whereof, I, the said Nicholas Demetrius Spartali, have
hereunto set my hand and seal, the Second day of January,
in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and
seventy-five.