Improvements in Hydro-carbon Engines.
Year: 1892

page_text: Date of Application, 13th Aug., 1892
Complete Specification Left, 12th June, 1893-Accepted 12th Aug., 1893
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Hydro-carbon Engines.
We, TOM CLIFFORD HOGG, of No. 1, Leadenhall Buildings, Leadenhall Street,
in the City of London, Engineer, and DANIEL WALKER FORBES, of Smithfield
Works, New Road, Blackwall, London, E., Engineer, do hereby declare the
nature of this invention to be as follows:-
Our invention relates to improvements in hydro-carbon engines and relates more
particularly to improved devices in connection with the air supply the vapourisation
of the hydro-carbon and mixing it into the air, ignition of the charge and the
governing of the engine.
According to one part of our invention, the air supply is drawn into an annular
chamber arranged in the cylinder cover outside the mixing chamber into which
the hydro-carbon is delivered. Between the chambers and the cylinder there is
an automatic valve or valves opening inwards and controlled in the opposite
direction by a spring. By leading the air supply as above described its temperature
is raised.
1
Or the air supply may be led direct into the cylinder and mixed there with the
hydro-carbon.
3
The hydro-carbon is injected or drawn into a central chainber formed in the
cylinder cover, and between this chamber and the chamber first mentioned there
is a second annular chamber through which the exhaust is led.
The hydro-carbon supply pipe may be led through the exhaust for the purpose
of raising the temperature of the hydro-carbon.
The central chamber or vapouriser into which the hydro-carbon is injected or
drawn is of course maintained at a high temperature.
The igniter may consist either of an ignition tube or an arrangement of any
refactory material such as asbestos perforated, or spiralised, wire, coils or
corrugated plates, to which the heat of burning gases in the cylinder has access.
If an ignition tube is used, the mixed air and gas, or vapour are led through a
constricted throat between the said tube and the cylinder.
.
The governing is effected by simultaneously shutting off the exhaust and
we do not contine
throwing the pumps out of gear. Such being the case
ourselves in respect of the constructional details of the mechanism between the
governer on the one hand and the exhaust valve and hydro-carbon pump on the
other. So that, as the engine begins to run too fast, the piston is blocked and
cushioned by the spent gas retained in the cylinder, and the generation of fresh
motive energy prevented.
It will be understood that as the pressure of the detained exhaust is high no
inspiration of air or vapour into the cylinder is practicable until the normal speed
has been regained.
A further part of our present invention relates to a special construction of lamp,
or burner for heating the ignition tube and vapouriser.
Two pipes for water or air and petroleum oil respectively terminate in
interspaced spirals and deliver into a small chamber where the resulting gases are
lighted the flame rising up axially or otherwise through the spirals and a refactory
tube.
Dated this 13th day of August 1892.

page_text: Improvements in Hydro-carbon Engines.
We, TOM CLIFFORD HOGG, of No. 1, Leadenhall Buildings, Leadenhall Street,
in the City of London, Engineer, and DANIEL WALKER FORBES, of Smithfield
Works, New Road, Blackwall, in the County of Middlesex, Engineer, do hereby
declare the nature of this invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in, and by the following
statement :-
Our invention relates to improvements in hydrocarbon engines and relates more
particularly to improved devices in connection with the ignition of the charge and
the governing of the engine.
In order that the invention and the best means of carrying it into practical effect,
may be thoroughly understood, we will now describe it and them in detail, referring
in so doing to the accompanying drawings which are to be taken as part of this
Specification and read therewith.
Fig. 1 is a side elevation, partly in section, of an Otto-cycle engine made
according to our invention.
Fig. 2 is a sectional plan taken on the line 2-2 of Figure 1 omitting the lamp
cone.
J
"
Fig. 3 is a side elevation of the lamp cone.
Fig. 4 is a plan, partly in section; taken on the line 4-4 of Figure. 1.
Fig. 5 is a sectional end elevation taken on the line 5-5 of Figures 1 and 4.
Fig. 6 is a sectional end elevation taken on the line 6-6 of Figures 1 and 4.
Fig. 7 is an enlarged sectional end elevation of the governor and push rod lever.
It is taken on the lines 7-7 of Figures 4 and 8.
Fig. 8 is a side elevation of the governing portion of the push rod.
Fig. 9 is a side elevation of the lamp.
.
Fig. 10 is a sectional side elevation taken on the line 10-10 of Figure 9.
Fig. 11 is a sectional plan taken on the line 11-11 of Figures 10 and 12.
Fig. 12 is a side elevation of the bottom and nozzle of the lamp.
Fig. 13 is a plan of the lamp omitting the top tubes.
a is the air supply pipe. It is fitted with a throttle valve a¹ and delivers into the
mixing chamber b.
c is the petroleum suction pipe. d is the cylinder of the petroleum pump
and e is its plunger. The former is worked upon the latter instead of the latter
being worked within the former. f is a fixed block supported from the exhaust
valve box described further on, or in any other convenient way.
The pump
cylinder is worked to and fro. upon the top face of the said block by means of the
ping which receives a suitable reciprocating motion once during each two
revolutions of the crank shaft, by means of the mechanism described further on
in connection with the governor. Any suitable device may be used to keep the
adjacent faces of the pump and block in liquid-tight contact. The pump plunger
is carried through a fork h which is shewn as a vertical extension of the block f.
i is a second post aligned with the fork.
The suction pipe c terminates in the direction of the pump in a port c' in the
block is the delivery port in the same block, and from it the delivery pipe c
is led to the mixing chamber b. d is the pump port...
The plunger e and the cylinder d are kept tight with each other by means of the
usual stuffing box e'. is a head upon the outer end of the plunger, and the
object of it is, to prevent the said end being pulled in the direction of the pump d
past the fork h. The fork h and the post i between them limit the length of the
delivery stroke of the pump, while the regulation of that length is provided for

page_text: by means of a set screw
adapted to work through the post i. Both set screw
and plunger are axially aligned with each other, the former being further provided
with a locking nut ³.
The mixing chamber
leads to the vaporizer 6', the communication between
the two being under the control of an automatic valve 62 which is shut down on its
seat by its spring & after each inspiration.
is the cylinder throat, and, the ignition chamber. The igniting device
(hereafter called the igniter) which we make use of, is a metal sheet or metal wire
or wires coiled or spiralised. Or, instead of being coiled or spiralised, the sheet
or wire or wires, as the case may be, may be corrugated. Coils or spirals are
better than corrugations because, as the former make fewer contacts with the
sides of the ignition chamber than do separate corrugated plates, they do not lose
their heat so readily as the latter. Metal is used in the manufacture of our
improved igniter because of its high conductivity, and any one may be used
provided that it is capable of withstanding the wear, but the one which we prefer
to use and which we find to give the best results is the alloy from which the well
known igniting tubes of the best quality are made.
✓ is the igniter. The one illustrated is a coiled or spiralised sheet. The
object of the webs 3, j, is to keep the igniter in position, but we may, and
sometimes do, mount it upon an adjustable rod so that its position in the chamber
may be adjusted in the direction of its axis, for the purpose of timing the ignition.
The top of the chamber j¹ is, preferably, jacketted with some suitable conductor ;",
e.g., asbestos.
The external igniting lamp provided for the purpose of making the igniter ☑
incandescent, for the purpose of enabling it to ignite the first charge of compressed
gaseous mixture in the engine cylinder, is shewn as supported by a bracket 1 from
the underside of the said cylinder.
is the bowl of the lamp. is the contracted nozzle of a central pipe adapted
to deliver an air blast created by the hand bellows into the lamp flame. The
hand bellows illustrated may be replaced by any convenient substitute.
/* is the
winch handle of the mechanism for working the bellows. is a shunt blast pipe
terminating, for preference, in a ring of jets lying upon the bottom of the bowl
outside and near to the base of the nozzle 12. is a hollow cone made up of several
layers of wire gauze. is a mantle surrounding the cone up to the level of the
lamp bowl 1.18, 18 are holes in the mantle for the passage of air. P, 1 are air
ports in the top of the bowl. 10 is a ring for regulating their action. 11 is the
usual and well known external flame cone and 112, 112, air ports therein.
A modified form of lamp is shewn in Figures 9 to 13. m, m' are a pair of tubes,
one supplying water or air and the other of them petroleum or equivalent hydro-
carbon. m² is a tube forming the lower portion of the body of the lamp. It is
closed at its lower end by the block m³. Both the tubes m, m¹ are led at right
angles through the sides of the tube m' in the direction of its axis and then bent
downwards and formed into two equal spirals m', m. Each spiral delivers into a
channel m in the lamp bottom or block m³, and both channels deliver into a central
cavity me in the lamp nozzle. m' is a second tube fitting in the top of the body
tube m. It is slotted so as to straddle and rest upon the horizontal portions of the
tubes m, ml. m is a third or the flame tube. It fits in to the contracted top of
the tube m' and has ports m³, m³ in its side through which any tongues of flame
which are formed between the two tubes m² and m³ may pass and be incorporated
with the main flame.
The igniting lamp constructed as above described is conveniently supported in
its operative position by being screwed on to a stud as indicated by the screwed
hole m10.
According to the present invention, the engine running on a regular consumption
of oil, is governed according to the varying load, by simultaneously closing the
exhaust and throwing the pump out of action. Our invention in this respect is not
limited to the particular mechanism illustrated, inasmuch as this can be varied to

page_text: any extent provided that the pump is thrown out of action and the exhaust stopped
simultaneously by the rising speed of the governor..
kis the exhaust and k¹, k, the well known two-to-one gear.
n is the exhaust valve. It opens inwards, being pushed off its seat at least once
in every other rotation of the crank shaft by a cam n' fast on the axis of the larger
gear wheel which engages with a roller on the side of a connecting rod n³.
is a returning spring the resilience of which suffices to pull the connecting rod n³
and the parts fast to it, into their former position. n is a push rod. Its outer end
is connected by a knuckle joint to the adjacent end of the connecting rod n³. It
works to and fro in a guide f¹ bored in the bottom of the block f. n is a second
push rod, preferably, of the same diameter as n and working in the same guide,
but about its axis as well as longitudinally. n' is a third push rod, preferably, of
the same diameter as the two preceeding rods and adapted to work to and fro in a
guide f¹ and also in a continuation of it, f. The spindle n of the exhaust valve
engages this guide from the opposite end and reaching up to the push rod n'
terminates against it in a nuthead n. n° is a returning spring placed within the
guide and between the nuthead and an abutment n". The latter is an extension
of the exhaust valve chest and helps to support the guide. It is the exhaust valve
returning spring.
The pin is fast to the third push rod n' and therefore partakes of its reciprocating
linear motion. The second push rod n is capable of two motions, one a reciprocating
linear one and the other a reciprocating one about its axis. This latter is com-
municated to it from the governor n through a suitable link-and-lever
mechanism n¹ and lever n¹. The latter is connected by one end to the said
mechanism while its opposite end terminates in an eye which surrounds the push
rod n. The linear motion of the latter through the eye and the communication of
the arcular motion of the eye to the rod, is provided by a set screw n¹³ passing
through the eye and entering a slot n in the push rod. The guide f¹ is cut away
as required to provide for the presence and rock of the lever n.
The front end of the push rod n³, preferably, terminates in a rod of smaller
diameter, which enters an axial bore in the second push rod n*.
7 is a feather or web projecting from the end of the push rod n³, and n¹8 is a
slot in the opposite end of the push rod nº. The feather and slot are alike in
dimension to the extent that the former can slide in and out of the latter, but the
feather can only slide into the slot when the acceleration of the governor has turned
the rod n through the angle necessary to bring the slot opposite to it.
So long as the load is normal, so long will the feather hit the butt end of the
push rod once each second revolution of the crank shaft, and open the exhaust.
But when the load or an appreciable portion of it is off, the governor makes the
slot face the feather truly. The effect of the next engagement of the cam n' with
the roller n² is then lost in the entrance of the feather into the slot. So long as
such entrance is possible, so long must the pump remain out of gear and the
exhaust valve upon its seat.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what we
claim is
1. The coiled or spiralised or corrugated metal igniter as set forth.
2. The combination of internal metal igniter, ignition chamber and external
igniting lamp, as set forth.
3. The combination in an external igniting lamp, of two tubes terminating in a
pair of spirals, a central ignition cavity and channels communicating therewith, as
set forth.
4. Governing a petroleum engine by throwing the supply pump out of gear and
closing the exhaust valve simultaneously.
5. The combination with the governor of a push rod adapted to communicate a
push from a cam or its equivalent to the spindle of the exhaust valve for the
L

page_text: purpose of opening it and to be turned through an arc by the acceleration of the
governor so as to absorb the said push instead of communicating it to the said
spindle, as set forth.
6. The combination of three aligned push rods and a device for absorbing the
5 push, such absorbing device being made operative by the acceleration of the
governor, as set forth.
Dated this 10th d
T. 1000
PHILLIPS & LEIGH,
22, Southampton Buildings, Chancery Lane, W.C.,
Agents for the Applicants.