IMPROVEMENTS IN AND THE APPLICATION OF PUMPS FOR RAISING OR FORCING WATER
Year: 1850

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, ROBERT
BROWN, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, Plumber and Brass
Founder, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her present most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Royal Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date at
Westminster, the Nineteenth day of November, in the fourteenth year of Her
reign, did, fór Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me; the
said Robert Brown, Her especial license, full power, sole privilege and autho-
rity, that I, the said Robert Brown, my exors, adññors, and assigns, and such
others as I, the said Robert Brown, my exors, admors, or assigns, should at
any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times
during the term of years therein mentioned, should and lawfully might make,
use, exercise, and vend, within England, Wales; the Town of Berwick-upon-
Tweed, and in all Her Majesty's Colonies and Plantations abroad, and in the
Islands of Jersey, Guernsey, Alderney, Sark, and Man, my Invention' of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN AND THE APPLICATION OF PUMPS FOR RAISING OR FORCING
WATER;" in which said Letters Patent is contained a proviso obliging me,
the said Robert Brown, by an instrument in writing under my hand and seal,
particularly to describe and ascertain the nature of my said Invention, and in
what manner the same is to be performed; and to cause the same to be
inrolled in Her Majesty's High Court of Chancery within six calendar months-
next and immediately after the date of the said in part recited Letters Patent;

page_text: as in and by the same, reference being thereunto had, will more fully and at
large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
Robert Brown, do hereby declare that the nature of my said Invention, and
the manner in which the same is to be performed, is particularly described
and ascertained in and by the following description thereof, reference being
had to the Drawings hereunto annexed, and to the letters and figures marked
thereon (that is to say):
My Invention consists in a novel construction and arrangement of pumps,
whereby an economy, considering their capacity for work, is effected in the
manufacture, and the liability of the pump to clog or become deranged in its
action is considerably reduced. One peculiarity in this improved pump is,
that two cylinders may be supplied with water at opposite ends alternately
from two inlet valves instead of four, which would be required to effect the
same object according to the ordinary arrangements.
A further improvement consists in so arranging the inlet valves that they
may be readily got at without displacing any of the working parts of the
pump.
In the accompanying Drawing, forming part of this my Specification, the
improved construction of pump is shewn in several views. Fig. 1 is a
sectional elevation taken through the middle of the cylinders; Fig. 2 is a
sectional plan taken in the line 1, 2, of Fig. 1; Fig. 3 is a section taken in
the line 3, 4, of Fig. 2, and shewing the inlet passages and valves set in the
vacuum chamber; Fig. 4 is, a cross section taken in the line 5, 6, of Fig. 2;.
Fig. 5 is a top view of the cylinders and central water ways; Fig. 6 shews in
plan the arrangement of the cylinders, central water ways, and inlet passages;.
and Fig. 7 is a horizontal section, shewing the connection of the cylinders.
with the central water ways. A, A, is a, vacuum chamber forming the
foundation for the pump, and through it.runs a perforated supply pipe B,
which prevents any large, extraneous matters from entering, the pump. This.
pipe is closed with a cap at one end, which is made removeable to facilitate
the cleaning of the pipe. The chamber. A is closed at top by a cast-iron
cover C, shewn best at Fig. 2. Cast on the under side of this cover, and.
forming part therewith, are pipes D, D*, which are provided with valves,
and form the inlet passages for the water; and on the upper side of the cover.
are sunk channels which form the water ways for connecting the inlet
passages, the cylinders, and the central water ways together. The pipes
D, D*, are closed by a clamp a and screw cap b, as shewn at Fig. 3; and as.
these caps are quite free of the upper parts of the pump, they may be readily.

page_text: pump.
removed to get at the inlet valves without disarranging any other parts of:
the
The cover C of the vacuum chamber carries the cylinders E, E*,.
and also a central column F, which is divided vertically by a partition c
into the compartments i, 2. Passages of communication. 1* and 2* are
formed between the compartment 1 and the cylinder E and the compartment
2 and the cylinder E*; and these compartments or water ways are respec-
tively closed by the exit valves 3 and 4:. Above the central column F is a
hollow pillar G, in connection, with which is the discharge pipe II; and a
continuation of the bottom flange, of this pillar at either side thereof forms:
the heads for the cylinders E, E*. Through these heads the piston rods! Į
work as usual, and they are retained in a vertical position.by passing through
guides carried by the pillar G. The upper end of the cylinder forms a bearing,
for the pump beam K; which, is connected to the piston rods by rods.L, and is
worked by levers in the ordinary way...
:
Having described, the construction of my improyed pump, I will now
proceed to. explain. its mode of working. Suppose the chamber A to be
supplied with water, the up stroke, of say the piston, in the cylinder E* will
form a vacuum in. that cylinder, and cause the water to rise up the inlet pipe
D*, and follow the piston. The descent of the piston will close the inlet
valve, and force the water along the horizontal curved channel (see Fig. 2)
to the division 1 of the central column F. It will then rise up that column,
and forcing open the valve 3, enter the pillar G, and find its way out at the
discharge pipe H. But when flowing out at the valve 3 it will meet with a
stream that is being driven upwards from the cylinder E by the piston of
that cylinder, and the discharge of both supplies will be effected together.
The way in which the water is supplied to the cylinders E, E*, above the
piston is as follows:-The action of the pistons is alternating, and the upper
part of each cylinder is connected with the bottom of the other through the
compartments 1, 2, in the central column F, as will be clearly understood on
inspecting Figures 4 and 7. At the same time, therefore, that the piston of
the cylinder E* moved upwards and formed a vacuum beneath it, the piston
in the other cylinder descended, whereby a vacuum was formed in the
cylinder E above the piston. Now as the pipe D* communicates both with
the cylinder E* and the compartment 1 (as seen best at Fig. 2), the water
which passes up that pipe at every other stroke of the pump is divided into
two streams, which respectively pass into the cylinder E* below the piston, and
into the cylinder E above the piston. The reverse motion, therefore, of these
pistons simultaneously propels the two streams of water out at the valve 3,
and thence into the discharge pipe H. The like action takes place when the

page_text: supply enters at the pipe D. The valve in the pipe D* is then closed, and.
the water flows under the piston in the cylinder E, and above the piston
of the cylinder E*; and on the reverse action of these pistons taking place
it is forced out at the valve 4 into the pillar G, and is thence run off through
the discharge pipe H.
Having now described my Invention, and the manner of carrying the same
into practical operation, I wish it to be understood, that under the above in
part recited Letters Patent I claim, as of my improvements in pumps for
raising and forcing water, the general arrangement and construction of double-
cylinder pump, as above described.
And, particularly, I claim the means whereby I am enabled to supply both.
cylinders simultaneously at one side of their pistons from one and the same.
valve, and at the same time discharge the supply at the other side of the
pistons simultaneously through one and the same valve.
In witness whereof, I, the said Robert Brown, have hereunto set. my
hand and seal, this Fifteenth day of May, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and fifty-one.

page_text: L
pool, in the County of Lancaster, Plumber and Brass Founder, for
an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN AND THE APPLICATION OF PUMPS
FOR RAISING OR FORCING WATER," bearing date at Westminster, the
Nineteenth day of November, One thousand eight hundred and fifty."
DISCLAIMER entered by the said Robert Brown with the Clerk of the
Patents of England, pursuant to an Act passed in the fifth and sixth
years of His late Majesty's reign, intituled "An Act to amend the Law
touching Letters Patent for Inventions....
I, the said Robert Brown, do hereby declare, that upon consulting, with my
agents as to the preparation of the Specification of the above-mentioned
Patent, I have found that certain words in the title of the said Patent are un-
necessary and irrelevant. I am, therefore, anxious to disclaim the same, and
thereby amend the title of the said Letters Patent previous to the inrolment
of my
said Specification, and, for this purpose, have applied to Her Majesty's
Attorney General, and obtained his leave to enter a Memorandum of Alte-
ration to the title of my said Letters Patent. And for the reason aforesaid,
and in order that the title of my said Letters Patent may be consistent with
the Specification to be enrolled of the said Invention, I, the said Robert
Brown, do hereby make the following Disclaimer of part of the title of my
said Letters Patent; (that is to say,) I disclaim and omit the words "and the
Application of" in the title of my said Letters Patent, whereby the said title
will be made to read as follows:-" Improvements in Pumps for Raising or
Forcing Water."
In witness whereof, I, the said Robert Brown, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Fifteenth day of May, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and fifty-one.

page_text: Britain, bearing date at Westminster, the Nineteenth day of November, One
thousand eight hundred and fifty. And on considering the said application,
and finding no objection thereto, I have accordingly granted leave to the said
Robert Brown to file his said Disclaimer, pursuant to the Statute passed in
the sixth year of the reign of His late Majesty, intituled "An Act to amend
the Law, touching Letters Patent for Inventions."
Dated this Seventeenth, day of May, One thousand eight hundred and