IMPROVEMENTS IN Apparatus FOR BREAKING STONES AND OTHER HARD SUBSTANCES
Year: 1871

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Robert Stirling Newall, of Gateshead, in the
County of Durham, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN Apparatus
FOR BREAKING STONES AND OTHER HARD SUBSTANCES."
Sealed the 1st September 1871, and dated the 6th March 1871.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Robert Stirling Newall
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 6th March 1871.
I, ROBERT STIRLING NEWALL, of Gateshead, in the County of Durham,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
APPARATUS FOR BREAKING STONES AND OTHER HARD SUBSTANCES," to be as
follows:-
The object of this Invention is to increase the efficiency of the stone
breakers and ore crushers now in use, in which the crushing of the
stones or ores is effected by the employment of a vibrating jaw or jaws.
This class of stone breakers or ore crushers consists of two kinds,
namely, one in which the vibrating jaw moves up to a fixed jaw to

page_text: produce the crushing, and the other in which a forked squeezer forming
the termination of a vibrating lever cimbraces a rotating fluted roller,
and vibrates so that the two jaws of the forked squeezer will alternately
move towards the roller and crush the ore against it.
These two arrangements (known respectively as Blake's, patented
by J. H. Johnson, No. 1361, June 14th, 1858, and Archer's, patented by
Thos. Archer, junior, No. 3038, December 6th, 1861) I propose to
combine in one machine. In doing so I avail myself of the motion
of Archer's vibrating lever for giving the requisite motion to Blake's
pendent vibrating jaw; and for this purpose I provide the lever with a
short arm, which I connect by a link to the lower end of the pendent
jaw; or instead of this connection I may in lieu of the upper fork of the
squeezer provide the lever with a jaw, which will act like the pendent
jaw, and crush the stones or ore against the fixed jaw, the lower vibrating
jaw acting in concert with the fluted roller. This roller instead of as
heretofore having a continuous rotary motion I now propose to drive
intermittently in order that the roller may rest while the lower jaw is
moving upwards. This improvement I propose to introduce into the
Archer stone breakers as at present constructed.
A further improvement consists in working stone breakers of the
kinds above indicated by the direct action of a steam or motive-power
engine. The piston rod of the engine I may connect directly to the end
of a lever which is jointed to or in one with the vibrating jaw or jaws,
or with a rod connecting with the vibrating jaw by means of a bell-
crank lever, or the piston rod may be connected with and caused to
operate the pendent jaw through Blake's arrangement of toggle levers,
by which means a forward movement will be given to the jaw for every
advance and retruction of the piston. The liko result will be obtained
by placing the crank shaft in the line of thrust of the toggle levers.
I also propose to mount the stone breaker on a carriage fitted with a
steam engine and boiler for working the stone breaker, and the wheels of
the carriage I propose to connect with the engine to allow of the carriago
being driven from place to place by steam power.

page_text: | SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Robert Stirling Newall in the Great Seal Patent
Office, on the 6th September 1871.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, ROBERT
STIRLING NEWALL, of Gateshead-on-Tyne, in the County of Durham,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Sixth day of March, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-one, in the thirty-fourth
year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and
grant unto me, the said Robert Stirling Newall, Her special licence that
I, the said Robert Stirling Newall, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, or such others as I, the said Robert Stirling Newall, my exe-
cutors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and
no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, usc, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
APPARATUS FOR BREAKING STONES AND OTHER HARD SUBSTANCES," upon the
condition (amongst others) that I, the said Robert Stirling Newall, my
executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or
their, or one of their hands and scals, should particularly describe and
ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal
Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the
date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Robert Stirling Newall, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement, reference being had to the Drawings hereunto
annexed, and to the letters and figures marked thereon (that is to
say):-
The object of this Invention is, to increase the efficiency of the stone
breakers and ore crushers now in uso in which the crushing of the
stones or ores is effected by the employment of a vibrating jaw or
jaws.

page_text: This class of stone breakers or ore crushers consists of two kinds,
namely, one in which the vibrating jaw moves up to a fixed jaw to
produce the crushing, and the other in which a forked squeezer forming
the termination of a vibrating lever embraces a rotating fluted roller,
and vibrates so that the two jaws of the forked squeezer will alternately ||
move towards the roller and crush the ore against it.
-
'
These two arrangements (known respectively as Blake's and Archer's)
I propose severally to improve, and also to combine the merits of the two
machines in one.
I will first describe my improvements as applied to the apparatus
known as Blake's stone breaker, which improvements constitute the
first head of my Invention. In this machine the vibrating jaw moves
forward once for each revolution of the crank or excentric in its up
stroke. As the length is fixed by the length of the crank it is not
easily adjustable but requires the wedge to be altered, and in this 1
apparatus the centre joint of the toggle is always kept below the level
of the extreme ends of the toggle levers.
Now my improvements upon this apparatus consist, firstly, in so
operating the toggle levers as to give them two acting vibrations for
each revolution of the crank, and thereby causing the swinging jaw 2
to advance towards the fixed jaw twice for every such revolution, and
thereby double the rate of its action on the ore or stones submitted to
the machine. The manner of effecting this improvement is shewn in
the sectional elevation Fig. 1, where A represents the fixed jaw; B, the
swinging jaw; and C, C, the toggle levers operated by a crank D which 2
causes the toggle levers to more from their horizontal or nipping
position alternately into the dotted positions E, E¹.
It will now be understood that for each complete revolution of the
crank D, the jaw B will by reason of the toggle levers being twice
caused to assume the drawn position of the figure receive two forward 3
thrusts and that thus its capacity for crushing the materials submitted
to its action will be doubled.
The second improvement consists in applying steam power direct to
the toggle joint instead of through the intervention of a belt and crank
or excentric, this improvement is illustrated at Fig. 2, where F is a 3
steam cylinder, the piston rod of which is jointed to the toggle lever O.
This rod passes through the cylinder and is connected at its other
end to the crank of a fly wheel shaft, which arrangement is used for

page_text: carrying the engine over its dead points. As the steam is admitted
alternately to either side of the piston the toggle levers will be set in
action and caused to operate the hanging jaw B, as before described.
Instead of applying the steam power to the hanging jaw through the
action of the toggle levers, I propose as a third improvement on the
Blake apparatus to fix to the vibrating jaw a long lever and to connect
the end of that lever with the piston rod of the steam cylinder. This
arrangement is shown in sectional elevation at Fig. 3, where H is the
lever made fast to the jaw B and forming with it a bell crank lever. To
the extremity of the long arm of this lever the piston rod G of the steam
cylinder F is jointed.
A modification of this arrangement is shewn at Fig. 4, where H is a
bell crank lever working on its own fulcrum and connected to the jaw B
near its lower end by a link I.
I will now describe my improvements as applied to the Archer stone
breaking machine, which improvements constitute the second head of
my Invention. In this machine the material is crushed between a
rotating fluted roller and a vibrating double jaw. I propose first to
give to the roller an intermittent instead of a continuous rotatory
motion, causing the roller to rotate only when it is required to discharge
the crushed material. This roller I form with end flanges to prevent
the escape of the material laterally from the machine, and I take the
motion for driving the roller from the lever which actuates the
vibrating jaws; secondly, I also propose to employ instead of the crank
or excentric hitherto used for actuating the vibrating jaws a direct-
acting steam engine. This arrangement is shewn at Figures 5 and 6,
where A is the fluted roller; B, the double or vibrating jaw from which
projects rearwards an arm B¹. This arm is connected by a link C to a
rock lever D which vibrates on a fixed fulcrum E, and is connected to
the piston rod F of the steam cylinder G. In order to give the necessary
axial motion to the fluted roller A, I provide that roller with a ratchet
wheel a, Fig. 6, and I make fast to the rock lever D a short arm a¹, to
which I joint a pawl or catch a³ of sufficient length to reach to and
act upon the ratchet wheel a. When the steam is admitted to the
under side of the piston the longer arm of the lever D will be lifted,
and through the link C and arm B¹ the double jaw will be rocked, so as
to press the lower jaw towards the roller A, at the same time the
pawl a³ will be moved over the teeth of the ratchet wheel a, and on

page_text: the reverse motion of the lever D taking place consequent on the down-
ward pressure of the steam the lower jaw will be retracted and the pawl
will pull round the roller A and cause it to assist in delivering the
crushed material from the machine.
Fig. 7 shews an arrangement wherein the fixed jaw of Blake and the
roller of Archer are combined in the same machine. To allow of this
the vibrating jaw B is modified in form, that is to say, it partakes of
the character of the moving jaws in the two machines, the part & repre-
senting and performing the duty of the lower half of the vibrating jaw
in Archer's machine, and the part &' representing the pendent jaw of
Blake, and crushing the stone against tho fixed jaw A' preparatory to
its being submitted to the action of the roller A and jaw b.
A modification of this arrangement is shown at Fig. 8, wherein
Archer's vibrating double jaw is retained, and combined therewith is tho
pendent jaw which is linked to a projection formed on the arm B', and
receives its vibrating motion therefrom.
The last part of my Invention consists in rendering stone breakers
portable by mounting the same on a carriage fitted with a steam engine
which by means of suitable gear may be employed either in drawing
the carriage and transporting the machine from place to place or in
actuating the machine when it has arrived at its destination.
The mode of carrying out this part of my Invention is illustrated
in the side elevation Fig. 9, and in plan view at Fig. 10, where A is
the main driving shaft; B, the crank shaft for working the vibrating
jaws B of the stone breaker; and C the shaft on which the flanged
fluted roller C is mounted; D are the propelling wheels.
Motion is communicated to a pulley B' on the crank shaft B, by which
the vibrating jaws are operated from a pulley A' on the main driving
shaft A through the band E. Continuous rotatory motion is given to
the roller C by means of a band from the pulley 1 on the crank
shaft B to a pulley C³ running loosely on the shaft of the roller C. On
the boss of the pulley C is a pinion a gearing into a spur wheel
mounted loosely on the axle or fulcrum pin of the vibrating jaws B*,
and carrying a pinion c on its boss in gear with a spur wheel d keyed on
the shaft C; thus slow rotary motion is given to the roller C. For the
purpose of driving the carriage on which the apparatus is mounted a
pulley A on the main driving shaft A is provided, by which motion
may be communicated by means of a band to the pulley B³ mounted

page_text: loosely on the axle of the vibrating jaws B*, on its boss is a pinion
in gcar with a spur wheel keyed on the shaft of the driving wheels D.
Having now set forth the nature of my Invention of " Improve-
ments in Apparatus for Breaking Stones and other Hard Substances,"
and explained the manner of carrying the same into effect, I wish it to
be understood that under the above in part recited Letters Patent,
I claim,―
First. Imparting to the vibrating jaws of stone-breaking machines,
through the intervention of toggle levers, a double action in the manner
and for the purpose above described.
Secondly. Actuating the vibrating jaws of stone-breaking machines
by the direct application of steam power as described and illustrated
by Figures 2, 3, 4, and 5, of the Drawings.
Thirdly. I claim the various modifications of the Archer stone-
breaking machine as described with reference to Figures 5, 6, 7, and 8
of the Drawings.
And, lastly, I claim the arrangement of portable stone breaker as
illustrated at Figures 9 and 10 of the Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said Robert Stirling Newall, have herc-
unto set my hand and scal, the Sixth day of September, in
the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-
one.