IMPROVEMENTS IN ENGINES MACHINERY, AND IMPLEMENTS EMPLOYED IN PLOUGHING AND TILLING LAND
Year: 1865

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Collinson Hall, of Navestock, in the County of
Essex, Agriculturalist, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN ENGINES
MACHINERY, AND IMPLEMENTS EMPLOYED IN PLOUGHING AND TILLING LAND."
Sealed the 20th October 1865, and dated the 21st April 1865.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Collinson Hall at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, ou the 21st
April 1865.
I. COLLINSON HALL, of Navestock, in the County of Essex, Agriculturalist,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
ENGINES. MACHINERY, AND IMPLEMENTS EMPLOYED IN PLOUGHING AND TILLING
LAND," to be as follows:-
The first part of my Invention relates to engines for working ploughs and
other implements, and consists in fitting on the crank shaft of each engine,
when two engines are employed, a double clutch or two clutches, one working
within the other, the teeth of the clutches being cut in opposite directions.
These clutches are as follows:-When one of the ploughs or other implements
(where two are employed) has arrived at one end of the field in werk, and
the other at the other end of the field out of work, one engine is put in gear
to draw the opposite plough into the ground; and the movement of the rope
D
1

page_text: or chain is communicated to one or other of the clutches on the other engine,
whereby a spring or other appliance connected to a lever gives notice to the
attendant of the second engine that the first engine has commenced to work,
so that he may put his engine in gear in order to assist the first engine in
working the ploughs. My double clutch arrangement regulates the speed
and power of the engines, and is also applicable when using only one implement
whether double or single.
The uext pari of my Invention consists in an arrangement for moving the
engine forward at each travel and action of the ploughs. I fit. on a shaft,
depending from the upper part of a projecting bracket on the engine or boiler
a worm in gear with a worm wheel in the bracket. The worm is moved in
and out of gear when required by a lever within reach of the attendant.
The worm wheel is carried on the shaft of the small chain wheel, and when
in
gear with the worm the engine is moved forward.
The third part of my Invention relates to the sectional drums over which
the ropes for drawing the implements pass. These drums and ropes are
described in the Specification of my Patent of 11th March 1862, No. 658.
The object of this part of my Invention is to prevent the links of the chain
becoming clogged or fouled on the tongues of the drums by earth, stones, or
otherwise. I form grooves in the arms or spokes of the drums, in which
grooves "dogs" or sliding plates are moved out, as hereafter described, to
push or release the links of the chain from the tongues. The inner ends of
these dogs or plates carry rollers which ride against a cam on the shaft which
carries the drum, so that at each rotation of the drum the projection of the
cam bears against the rollers, and pushes out the dogs. The dogs are forced
inwards by the chain as it reaches the drum. The cam can be moved to
the right or left by a lever to enable the chain to be given off at any desired
angle. I also fit a metal plate or feuder on the engine or otherwise to
assist the passage of the chain from the drum.
The next part of my Invention relates to the ploughs, and consists in the
employment, in lieu of the sectors described in the Specification of my Patent
of 30th May 1864, No. 1338, of a rack on a horizontal longitudinal bar.
Each end of this bar has one end of a chain connected to it, and each of the
chains passes over a pulley and is connected at the other end to the plough
frame. The rack is geared into by a pinion on a transverse shaft which
also carries a chain wheel or drum acted on by the draught chain, by means
of which the ploughs are lifted clear of the ground when returning out of
work. 1 employ a break or tightening screw to hold the ploughs at any
height, and to regulate their lowering.

page_text: The last part of my Invention consists in attaching to the frames of
scarifiers, harrows, ands other tilling implements, blocks with circular or
other shaped holes or recesses in the front thereof, in which the heads of
the prongs, tines, or other tilling tools are fitted. The recesses are con-
tinued downwards, and are formed with tapered sides to enable the tilling
tools to accommodate themselves to both the forward and backward travel
of the implement. The tools are retained in the recesses by sliding shutters
or face plates; or to enable the tools to accommodate themselves to any angle
I sometimes form a circular block or projection on the back of each tool.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Collinson Hall in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
21st October 1865.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, 1, COLLINSON
HALL, of Navestock. in the County of Essex, Agriculturalist, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-first day of April, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-five, in the twenty-eighth year of Her
reign, did. for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said Collinson Hall, Her special licence that I, the said Collinson Hall,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said
Collinson Hall, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time
agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVE.
MENTS IN ENGINES. MACHINERY. AND IMPLEMENTS EMPLOYED IN PLOUGHING AND
TILLING LAND."upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Collinson
Hall, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under
my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe
and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the
same was to be performed. and cause the same to be filed in the Great
Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after
the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that 1, the said Collinson Hall, do hereby declare the
nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following

page_text: statement thereof, reference being had to the Drawings hereunto annexed,
that is to say :-
The first part of my improvements relates to engines for working ploughs
and other implements, and consists in fitting on the crank shaft of each
engine, when two engines are employed, a double clutch or two clutches, one
working within the other, the iceth of the clutches being cut in opposite
directions. These clutches act as follows:- When one of the ploughs or
other implements (where two are employed) has arrived at one end of the
field in work, and the other at the other end of the field out of work, one engine
is put in gear to draw the opposite plough into the ground; and the move.
ment of the rope or chain is communicated to one or other of the clutches
on the other engine, whereby a spring or other appliance connected to a
lever gives notice to the attendant of the second engine that the first engine
has commenced to work, so that he may put his engine in gear in order to
assist the first engine in working the ploughs.
Figures 1 and 2 of the accompanying Drawings are elevations; Figure 3
a longitudinal section; and Figure 4 a plan shewing my clutches on the
crank shaft of an engine.
A is the crank shaft; B is one clutch, and C the other clutch working
within the clutch B, and having its teeth cut in the opposite direction; Dis
the counter clutch of the clutch B, and E the counter clutch of the clutch C.
The counter clutches are by preference formed in a piece with the bevil
pinion F, which drives the drum shaft G. H, H, are two springs respectively
connected to two levers I and J. The levers and are forked at one end
to embrace the clutches B and C respectively, and carry pins which ride in
grooves K, L, in the clutches; the levers I, J, are centred on a bracket M
on the engine, or other convenient part, and their outer ends are fitted with
handles, as shown, within reach of the attendant. The levers are adjustable
in a notched plate N, and are retained in the notches in which they may be
placed by the springs H, H. When one of the ploughs has arrived at one
end of the field in work the attendant on the engine at the same end of the
field shifts the clutches B, C, by means of the levers I and J, so as to throw
that clutch which was in gear out of gear, and vice versa. The plough at
this end of the field then begins to return out of work while the plough at the
opposite end is drawn into work, and the movement of the rope or chain is
communicated to one of the clutches B, C, on the other engine, whereby the
spring Hor H' keeps the corresponding clutch B or C against the face of its
counter clutch D or E; but as it runs in the wrong direction an alarum is
sounded, so that the attendant on that engine may have notice to put his

page_text: engine into gear to assist the opposite engine in working the ploughs. Should
the engine not have sufficient power the fixed clutch will ride upon the looso
clutch and sound an alarum, thereby giving the atteudant notice to put on
more steam to assist in working the ploughs.
My double clutch arrangement may be made to regulate the speed and
power of the engines, and is also applicable when using only one implement,
whether double or single.
The next part of my Invention consists in an arrangement for moving the
engine forward at each travel and action of the ploughs. I fit on a shaft
depending from the upper part of a projecting bracket on the engine or boiler
a worm in gear with a worm wheel in the bracket. The worm is moved in
and out of gear when required by a lever within reach of the attendant.
The
worm wheel is carried on the shaft of the small chain wheel, and when in
gear with the worm the engine is moved forward.
This arrangement is represented in side elevation in Fig. 5, and in end
clevation in Fig. 6.
A is a projecting bracket on the boiler B; C is a shaft in a frame D
depending from the upper part of the bracket A at the point E; F is a worm
on the shaft C, capable of being put into gear with a worm wheel G held in
the bracket A. The shaft C also carries a worm wheel H in gear with a
worm I on the main shaft J, so that the shaft C is always revolving while the
engine is at work. When it is required to move the engine forward, the
attendant by pulling a lever K puts the worm F into gear with the worm
wheel G; and, as the wheel G is carried on the spindle L of the small chain
wheel M, this wheel is caused to rotate, and the engine is thereby moved for-
ward. The lever K has connected to it a short lever N on a spindle O in the
bracket A. The frame D is slotted, as shewn in dotted lines. to receive an
excentric on the spindle. by which means the lever K is caused to act on the
worm F.
The third part of my Invention relates to the drums over which the ropes
for drawing the implements pass. These drums and ropes are described in
the Specification of my Patent of Eleventh March. One thousand eight
hundred and sixty-two, No. 658.
The object of this part of my Invention is to prevent the links of the chain
becoming clogged or fouled on the tongues of the drums by earth, stones, or
otherwise. I form grooves in the arms or spokes A (see Figure 7) of the drums,
in which grooves 'dogs' or sliding plates Bare moved out,as hereafter described,
to push or release the links of the chain from the tongues. The inner ends of
these dogs or plates carry rollers C which ride against a cain D on the shaft E

page_text: which carries the drum, so that at cach rotation of the drum the projection F
of the cam bears against the rollers C and pushes out the dogs B. The dogs
are forced inwards by the chain as it reaches the drum. The cam can be
moved to the right or left by a lever G to enable the chain to be given off at
any desired angle. The dogs are held in grooves, and are prevented coming
entirely out by a plate I. I also fit a metal plate or fender H on the
engine or otherwise to assist the passage of the rope or chain to or from the
drum.
The next part of my Invention relates to the ploughs, and consists in the
employment, in lieu of the sectors described in the Specification of my Patent
of Thirtieth May, One thousand eight hundred and sixty-four, No. 1538, of
a rack on a horizontal longitudinal bar, as represented in side elevation in
Fig. 8.
a is the rack, and the horizontal bar. Each end of the bar has one
end of each of two chains c, d, connected to it, and each of the chains passes
over a pulley e or f, and is connected at the other end to the plough frame at
or h. The rack a is geared into by a pinion i on a transverse shaft, which
also carries a chain wheel or drum & acted on by the draught chain, by means
of which the ploughs are lifted clear of the ground when returning out of
work. I employ a break or tightening screw on the har to hold the
ploughs at any height, and to regulate their lowering. Instead of the
pulleys e, f, I sometimes employ beams, as represented at m, Fig. 9, free
to oscillate on the uprights n. In this case I use additional chains o leading
from the outer ends of the beams to the plough frame. In other cases J
carry the chains c, d, round chain wheels p, as seen in Fig. 10. These chain
wheels are connected to threaded blocks 9 free to be moved up and down the
uprights n, which are formed with corresponding threads:
I
The last part of my Invention consists in attaching to the frames of scarifiers,
harrows, and other tilling implements, blocks A, as represented in Fig. 11,
with circular or other shaped holes or recesses in front thereof, in which the
heads B of the prongs, tines, or other tilling tools are fitted. The recesses
are continued downwards, and are formed with tapered sides C, C, to enable
the tilling tools to accommodate themselves to both the forward and the back-
ward travel of the implement. The tools are retained in the recesses by
shutters or face plates D sliding in dovetails E in the block A. Or to enable
the tools to accommodate themselves to any angle I sometimes form a circular
'block or projection on the back of each tool. as represented at F, Fig. 12,
which projection is held in a corresponding aperture in the block A.
And having now described the nature of my said Invention, and in what

page_text: manner the same is to be performed, I declare that I claim as my "Improve-
ments in Engines, Machinery, and Implements employed in Ploughing and
Tilling Land,
First, fitting to engines a double clutch or two clutches, one working
within the other, arranged and acting substantially in manner and for the
purpose herein-before described and represented in Figures 1 to 4 of the
accompanying Drawings.
Second, the arrangement of parts for moving the engine forward at each
travel and action of the ploughs or other implements, substantially as herein.
before described and represented in Figures 5 and 6 of the accompanying
Drawings.
Third, constructing the drums over which the ropes for drawing ploughs or
other implements pass with dogs or sliding plates fitted and acted upon sub-
stantially as and for the purpose hercin-before described, with reference to
Figure 7 of the accompanying Drawings.
Fourth, fitting a plate or fender on the engine or other part, substantially
as represented in Figure 7 of the accompanying Drawings, to assist the
passage of the rope to or from the drum.
Fifth, constructing plough frames with a rack on a horizontal longitudinal
bar, to which chains are connected, and which is geared into by a pinion, the
shaft of which also carries a wheel or drum acted on by the draught chain, all
substantially as and for the purpose herein-before described and represented
in Figures 8 to 10 of the accompanying Drawings.
Sixth, constructing the frames of scarifiers, harrows, and other tilling in-
plements with blocks formed with holes or recesses, in which the heads, or
blocks, or projections on the backs of the prongs, tines, or other tilling tools
are fitted, substantially as and for the purpose herein-before described, with
reference to Figures 11 and 13 of the accompanying Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said Collinson Hall, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Twentieth day of October, One thousand eight
hundred and sixty-five.
COLLINSON HALL. (...)