IM- PROVEMENTS IN BRAKES FOR COTTON LAPPERS' OR SCUTCHERS
Year: 1867

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Garrett Tongue, of the Firm of Tongue and
Birkbeck, Patent Agents and Engineers, of 34, Southampton Buildings,
Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex, for the Invention of "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN BRAKES FOR COTTON LAPPERS' OR SCUTCHERS."-A communi-
cation: from abroad by Richard Kitson, of Lowell, in the County
of Middlesex, and State of Massachusetts, United States of America.
"ROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Garrett Tongue
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
2nd August 1867...
I, JOHN GARRETT TONGUE, of the Firm of Tongue and Birkbeck, Patent
Agents-and-Engineers, of 34, Southampton Buildings, Chancery Lane, in the
County of Middlesex, do. hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN BRAKES FOR COTTON LAPPERS OR SCUTCHERS," to be as
follows:
+U..!
This Invention in cotton lappers or scutchers consists, firstly, in a stationary
shoe-secured-to-the-back-girt or cross-rail of the machine or other suitable
support in combination--with a friction pulley arranged beneath it and
swinging yoke, the upward motion of which brings the friction pulley into

page_text: contact with the shoe to check the motion of the pulley while the downward
action of the yoke releases the pulley from contact with the shoe, and allows
the pulley to turn.
The second part of the Invention in this connection consists in a peculiar
construction of said swinging yoke composed of a shield and bell-shaped
lever or arm, between which two devices the friction pulley before referred to
is situated.
The third part of the Invention comprises the swinging yoke shield con-
structed to cover and protect the gear operating in connection with the brake,
and so as to form a bearing or support for the shaft of the pinion to which the
friction pulley is secured.
The fourth part of the Invention includes a connecting rod or link com-
bined with a foot lever and weighted arm or lever, and whereby the brake is
more effectually kept under the control of the operator..
The fifth part of the Invention includes a combination of said shield gear
arranged therein, friction pulley, stationary shoe, and sundry levers and weight
or weights constituting an entirety, which gives to the brake a more perfect
and controllable action.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said John Garrett Tongue in the Great' Seal. Patent Office on
the 1st February 1868.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOHN.
GARRETT TONGUE, of the Firm of Tongue and Birkbeck, Patent Agents and
Engineers, of 34, Southampton Buildings, Chancery Lane, in the County of
Middlesex, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Second day of August, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred, and sixty-seven, in the thirty-first year of Her
reign; did, for Herself; Her heirs, and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said John Garrett Tongue, Her special licence, that I, the said John
Garrett Tongue, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as
I, the said John Garrett Tongue, my executors, administrators, and ; assigns,
should at any time agree with, and, no others, from time to time and at all
times thereafter.during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully, might
make, use, exercise, and, vend within the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, the, Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
"

page_text: "IMPROVEMENTS IN BRAKES POR COTTON LAPPERS OR SCUTCHERS," a communi-
cation to me from abroad by Richard Kitson, of Lowell, in the County of
Middlesex, and State of Massachusetts, United States of America, upon the
condition (amongst others) that I, the said John "Garrett Tongue,' my exe-
cutors .or. administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or
one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be per-
formed, and cause the same to be filed in tlie Great Seal Patent Office'
within six calendar month's next and immediately 'after the date of the said-
Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said John Garrett Tongue, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to
be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement thereof, that is to say:
::
This Invention in cotton lappers or scutchers consists, firstly, in a stationary
shoe secured to the back girt or cross rail of the machine or other suitable
support. in combination with a friction "pulley. arranged beneath it and
swinging yoke; the upward motion of which brings the friction pulley into.
contact with the shoe to check the motion of the pulley, while the downward
action of the yoke releases the pulley from contact with the shoe; and allows
the pulley to turn.
1.
. The second part of the Invention in this connection consists in a peculiar
construction of said swinging yoke composed of a shield and bell-shaped lever
or arm, between which two devices the friction pulley before referred to is'
situated.
The third. part of the Invention comprises the swinging yoke shield con-
structed to cover and protect the gear operating in connection with the brake,'
and so as to form a bearing or support for the shaft of the pinion to which' the
friction pulley is secured:
:
. .The fourth part of the Invention includes a connecting rod or link combined
with a foot lever and weighted-arm or lever, and-whereby the brake is more
effectually kept under the control of the operator.
The fifth part of the Invention includes a combination of' said shield gear
arranged therein, friction pulley, stationary shoe, and sundry levers and weight
or weights constituting an entirety, which gives to the brake a more perfect
and controllable action.

page_text: Figures 1 and 2 are longitudinal vertical central sections of an ordinary
"lap head" with the inprovements herein, specified applied thereto; Figure 3
is a front side elevation of the same, with a portion of the top girt removed to
show the connecting points and connections by which the friction pulley is 5
brought into or released from contact with the stationary shoe; Figure 4 is a.
central horizontal plane section of the gear and pinion which connect with.the
friction pulley to operate the same, the said section being taken as denoted by
the line x, x, in Figure 3.
C, is the stationary shoe 'secured to the back girt A or other suitable support, 1
and against which a friction pulley B is brought to bear, the pulley B being
secured to a shaft a' of a pinion, a between a bell-cranked lever: ortam h; b,
and shield D which form the swinging yoke, the upward motion of which.
brings the friction pulley into contact with the shoe C-to check the motion of
the pulley, while the downward movement of the yoke releases the pulley.
from contact with the shoe, and allows the pulley to turn. This swinging
yoke shield D is arranged on a, central shaft E, and forms a case to enclose:
the gear F and pinion a to prevent sand, dirt, or short fibres getting into the
gear or pinion, or between the teeth of said gears to clog of wear the same..
The said shield also forms a convenient support for one end of the pinion:
sbaft.a', which passes through the friction: pulley and enters the bell-cranked
lever or arm b, b', at the junction of the horizontal and vertical portions b
and thereof; d is a curved connecting rod or link which connects the rear
end p of a foot lever G with the weighted end of a curved transverse lever.g
which is pivotted at e as a fulcrum to the top girt A, the end i of said lever
connecting loosely with the,,top end of the vertical branch 6 of the arm or
lever b, b. A weight f is suspended, from the lever 9. near the end h by a
stirrup, which may be moved along on the lever in either direction to
ncrease or diminish the effect of the weight upon, the lever. At each end of
the "lap head a vertical sliding rack H is arranged, and on the top of each
rack bar is a weight head I to run the racks down when desired. On each end
of the shaft E and outside of the frame a pinion gear k is secured; these
pinions gear into the teeth of the vertical racks, by which they may be
operated in. either direction: The usual rolls or cylinders J are employed
above these rolls, and between them is the moveable lap roll.m: The weighted
beads of the rack bars hook into, the ends of the roll m and hold it down,
subject to the action of the lap of, cotton-and-tlie brake when the machine is
in operation.

page_text: The cotton after passing through various operations is formed into a sheet
or lap which passes under and is rolled into and around the 'roll m, and as the
lap of cotton is winding on to said roll and gradually enlarging in diameter
there is a continued and 'increasing upward strain on the racks to turn the
pinions and shaft E, and allows the roll m to rise too rapidly, thereby
winding a loose uneven lap."
"
'
In forming or preparing laps of cotton for carding it is very important that
the lap or sheet of previously prepared cotton'should be wound on to the roll
ás even and as close as can be conveniently done, so that when a lap of cotton
is placed on the carding engine such close and hard wound lap of cotton will
supply the card a longer time. In the use of the improved brake for cotton
lappers or scutchers héré shown and described, the moveable weight f on thie
lever g connected with the top of the arin braises the yoke and holds the
friction pulley B in contact with the stationary shoe C, and keeps a-continued
even and equal strain. on the racks, preventing said racks and the roll m rising
too rapidly, but holding said roll down on the tops of the cylinders J and
between them, and winding the lap of cotton on to the roll m very even, close,
and compact. The weight fuiay be 'moved towards the end h of the lever g,
and a closer and more compact lap formed on the roll m, or by moving the
weight f in the opposite direction a softer lap will be formed. After the lap
of cotton has been formed on. the roll m of the desired size the feed of the
machine is stopped. The operator presses his foot on the top of the foot
lever G near the end n; which raises the end of the lever and the weight f
by means of the curved connecting rod d, releasing the friction pulley from
contact with the stationary shoe by swinging the 'yoke downward. The wheel
M or a crank on the end of the shaft E is then turned to raise the racks a
little and clear the heads I of the rack bars from the ends of the roll m, which
roll with the formed lap is removed, the smooth roll withdrawn from the centre
of the lap and replaced between the cylinders J, tho' foot of the operator is
again pressed on the foot lever to release the friction as before when the racks
will run downward till the bearings in the under sides of the weighted heads
of the rack bars come on the tops of the bearings or ends of the roll m.
The foot of the operator is removed from the foot lever G and the feed
of the machine thrown into action, the lap of cotton guided under and around
o the roll m, and another lap formed as before.
It will therefore-be-readily_seen_that_the_shield-d_and_arm b, b, form a very
convenient yoke and support for the friction pulley B and pinion a, and that
the shield serves a still further purpose of keeping sand and dirt out of the
teeth of the gears.

page_text: It will also be seen that the stationary shoe C is a very permanent and
substantial device for controlling the action of the friction pulley B and other
connections, and that the connecting rod d between the foot lever G and the
weighted lever g keeps the brake constantly under the control of the
operator.
Having thus described the nature of the Invention, and, the manner in
which the same is to be performed or carried into practice, I would have it
understood that the improved arrangements and combinations of mechanism
claimed and intended to be secured under the above in part recited Letters
Patent consist,
Firstly in the combination of the stationary shoe C with the friction pulley
B and swinging yoke, in the manner and for the purpose substantially as
herein described and shown in the accompanying Drawing.
Secondly, the arrangement of the swinging yoke consisting of the shield D
and arm or lever b, b', arranged and applied substantially in the manner and
for the purposes herein shown and described..
Thirdly, the application of the swinging yoke shield D arranged to cover the
gears, and thus form one bearing or support for tho shaft of the pinion a and:
pulley B, as herein shown and described.
Fourthly, the arrangement and combination of the connecting rod or link
d with the foot lever G, and weighted lever g, substantially as and for the
purpose herein shown and described.
Fifthly, the combination of the shield D, gear F, pinion a, friction pulley B,
stationary shoe C, arm or lever b, bl, transverse lever g, weight f connecting:
rod d, and foot lever G, all arranged to operate substantially as and for the
purpose or purposes herein described and shown in the Drawings hereunto
annexed.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Garrett Tongue, have hereunto set.
my hand and. seal, this First day of February, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-eight.
JOHN GARRETT TONGUE. (L.S.)