matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
AN IMPROVED PAPER- HOLDER CHIEFLY DESIGNED FOR USE IN WATER-CLOSETS
Year: 1882

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Bruno Schoof at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 9th November 1882.
BRUNO SCHOOF, of Wiesbaden, Prussia, German Empire, "AN IMPROVED PAPER-
HOLDER CHIEFLY DESIGNED FOR USE IN WATER-CLOSETS "
The paper holders hitherto used for water-closets in which the slips of paper,
fastened together at their upper edge, are arranged to be torn off, have the
disadvantage, that a single piece of paper, when required, cannot be removed without
tearing down a greater number uselessly.
According to the said invention, in order to obviato this inconvenience and to
facilitate the removal of the sheets of paper, I construct the paper holder as herein.
after described, that is to say ;-I provide a box which can be closed by means of a
lid. The sheets of paper, which must be of the same size as this box, are laid loosely
one upon another. The edges of the paper rest against the edges of the front of
the box, through an opening in which the front or first sheet can always be removed.
A tin plate is placed at the back of the paper, after it has been deposited in
the box.
On closing the box by means of the lid a spring fastened to the said tin plate
presses against the lid and forces the paper to the front of the box, where the sheets
are pressed against the edges of the same.
This arrangement, in which the paper is kept in position by friction on its edges
only, allows of a single sheet being easily removed, which is done simply by
pressing the points of the fingers against the paper and at the same time exerting &
slight pulling movement. The box is suspended in any suitable manner
IMPROVE- MENTS IN CASH COUNTERS OR TABLES
Year: 1882

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Charles Denton Abel of No 28 Southampton Buildings
Chancery Lane in the County. of Middlesex, for an invention of IMPROVE-
MENTS IN CASH COUNTERS OR TABLES A communication from abroad by
F. Witte of Berlin in the German Empire
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Charles Denton Abel at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 9th March 1882.
CHARLES DENTON ABEL of No 28 Southampton Buildings Chancery Lane in
the County of Middlesex "IMPROVEMENTS IN CASH COUNTERS OR TABLES
[A communication from abroad by F. Witte of Berlin in the German Empire.]
"
In taking up money from cash counters or tables having a smooth surface,
difficulty is experienced in removing even large coin when the hand is gloved.
According to the present invention this inconvenience is obviated by forming the
surface of the counter or table with a series of projections or recesses, so that as
the edges of the coin will always overhang one or more of the recesses the fingers
can either readily lay hold of the said edges or by pressing on the edge with the
fingers the coin will be tilted up sufficiently to be taken hold of.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Charles Denton Abel in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
7th September 1882.
"
"
CHARLES DENTON ABEL of No 28 Southampton Buildings Chancery Lane in
the County of Middlesex IMPROVEMENTS IN CASH COUNTERS OR TABLES
A communication from abroad by F. Witte of Berlin in the German Empire.
In taking up money from a cash counter or table having a smooth surface,
difficulty is experienced in removing even a large coin when the hand is gloved.
According to the present invention this inconvenience is obviated by forming
the surface of the counter or table with a series of projections or recesses as shewn
in Figs. 1 and 2 of the accompanying drawing, so that the fingers can readily lay
hold of the edges of the coin if they both overhang recesses, or if only one edge
overhangs it can be pressed down so as to tilt up the coin into such an attitude
that it may readily be taken hold of.
Having thus described the nature of the said invention and in what manner the
same is to be performed as communicated to me by my foreign correspondent,
I claim:
Forming the surface of a counter or cash table with projections and hollows to
facilitate the taking up of a coin therefrom, substantially as herein described.
In Witness whereof I the said Charles Denton Abel have hereunto set my
hand and seal this Seventh day of September in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and eighty-two.
CHAº, D. ABEL. (L.S.)
IMPROVEMENTS IN PRIMARY VOLTAIC BATTERIES
Year: 1882

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas John Jones at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 5th December 1882.
THOMAS JOHN JONES of Princes Street Hanover Square in the County. of
Middlesex, Electrician "IMPROVEMENTS IN PRIMARY VOLTAIC BATTERIES"
This invention relates to improvements in primary voltaic batteries.
My invention consists in the construction of voltaic batteries formed of a porous
vessel containing a suitable electrolyte in which is immersed a positive element
preferably of zinc the acid porous vessel being surrounded by a plate of metal
constituting the negative element and preferably both corrugated and perforated
so as to allow access of atmospheric air to the inner surface of the element with a
view to utilize the depolarising effect of the atmospheric oxygen. The perforations
and corrugations or grooves serve the threefold purpose of allowing contact
between the negative element and the porous vessel only at a number of points or
along a number of lines in close proximity of providing for the depolarising actions
of the air, and of retaining the electrolyte at the surface of the porous vessel.
I prefer, in order more effectively to carry out the last mentioned purpose to
supply continuously the electrolyte, or a fluid capable of absorbing and yielding
oxygen in such manner that by overflow or otherwise the active surface of the
negative element may be brought into contact with fresh fluid which has been in
contact with air.
The metal which I preferably employ as anode is silver or an alloy of antimony.
A NEW OR IMPROVED PROCESS, FOR THE ORNAMENTATION AND DECORATION OF WALL. SURFACES AND CEILINGS IN CHURCHES, PUBLIC AND OTHER BUILDINGS.
Year: 1882

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Laker Voice at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 10th January 1882.
EDWARD LAKER VOICE of No. 1 Francis Street Torrington Square in the
County of Middlesex. A NEW OR IMPROVED PROCESS, FOR THE ORNAMENTATION
AND DECORATION OF WALL. SURFACES AND CEILINGS IN CHURCHES, PUBLIC AND
OTHER BUILDINGS.
In color decoration it is well known that flat wall surfaces are generally divided
into spaces by lines, which are arranged so as to be consistent with construction,
and in character with the building which contains it. The said spaces are then
generally inade to contain certain geometrical shapes of suitable colors, and these
shapes often contain pictorial representations, or other ornamentation.
My process, for which I desire protection, consists in laying in the finishing coat
of plaster for walls and ceilings, with a composition of cement by preference
Keene's parian cement-mixed with sufficient coloring matter to give it the
desired tint. I also mix with this composition a quantity of sand to give the
surface a granulated effect-I will here mention that this sand gives just sufficient
porosity to the plaster to absorb the colors used for the ornament or detail work,
which I shall presently refer to. The design is then drawn or transfered on to
this surface, and the back-grounds of figure subjects or ornament in the geometrical
shapes before alluded to, are then carefully cut out, before the plaster gets too hard,
and filled in with plaster of suitable color; string courses, borders &c may also be
cut out and filled in the same way.
The work is then left for a few days, when a slight efflorescence appears on the
surface, which is washed off with water and a stiff brush.
The outlines of the figures may then be painted in with brown or other suitable
color, mixed with about three parts of varnish and one of turpentine, I find that
this proportion answers with most colors.
The colors for draperies, flesh tints and other ornaments are painted in glazes
with thin color, in order that it may penetrate the surface, and the high lights are,
or may be obtained by scraping the plaster, the light ground shewing through.
The result is, that in consequence of the plaster itself forming the ground work
of the decoration, without having as is usual-four or five coats of paint applied
to it, allows any evaporation that may take place, to have free escape, allowing it
to go out round about the ornament instead of going through it.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SHOES FOR HORSES AND OTHER ANIMALS
Year: 1882

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Henry Johnson at the Offico
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 14th April 1882. A communication
from abroad by James Moore of Paris in the Republic of France.
JOHN HENRY JOHNSON of 47 Lincolns Inn Fields in the County of Middlesex
Gentleman "IMPROVEMENTS IN SHOES FOR HORSES AND OTHER ANIMALS"
communication from abroad by James Moore of Paris in the Republic of France
&
This Invention relates to improvements in shoes for horses and other animals
and consists essentially in providing the heel part of the shoe with a pad or cushion
of india rubber or other elastic material as hereinafter described for the purpose
of deadening the shocks and consequent jarring of the horses legs produced when
travelling upon a hard road and which frequently causes lameness and other
injuries to the animals. When these improved shoes are employed the hardness
of the road is prevented from injuring the animal the force of the concussions
being absorbed by the elasticity of the heels of the improved shoe so that the legs
of the animal are effectually preserved from injurious jarring or vibration.
In carrying out this Invention the toe or fore part of the shoe is made of the
same shape as in ordinary shoes but the heels are reduced in thickness by cutting
away the metal from the underside of the shoe for say about three inches from the
extremities or heels of the shoe and also from the upper side for say about one
inch from the said extremities.
The pad or cushion of india rubber may be affixed to the shoe by means of heat;
for this purpose the shoe is placed in a suitable mould and the india rubber
cushions are placed over the heels. The mould is then placed in an oven and
heated for about two hours whereupon the india rubber will be found to adhere
firmly to the iron. For additional security two small projections or studs are
provided on the upper side of the shoe at the reduced part of the shoe but are not
allowed to project beyond the plane or level of the other part in order to avoid
injuring the hoof. These studs or projections serve to prevent the rubber from
slipping off.
The india rubber covers the heels and a portion of the sides of the shoe being
of considerable thickness on the under side or side bearing on the ground and
comparatively thin on the upper side of the shoo which presents a Ễat surfaco

page_text: corresponding to the under side of the hoof. The shoe is put on cold in the
ordinary manner and the portion of india rubber interposed between the heels of
the shoe and the hoof being capable of compression ensure a true bearing.
The improved shoe hereinbefore described also presents the advantage of enabling
the frog to bear directly upon the ground by reason of the elasticity of the india
rubber and thus prevent the animal from slipping. Moreover the india rubber
being fitted over the shoe the latter is not liable to hurt the tender parts of the
foot and takes its bearing in the same way as an ordinary shoe.
A NEW ANTISEPTIC COMPOUND
Year: 1882

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Herbert John Haddan at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 15th July 1882. A communication
to him from abroad by Camille Aschman, of Louvain, Belgium.
HERBERT JOHN HADDAN, of Kensington, Middlesex, "A NEW ANTISEPTIC
COMPOUND," a communication to me from abroad by Camille Aschman, of Louvain,
|Belgium,
This invention has for its object to provide an efficient and cheap antiseptic
applicable for the preservation of cooked or uncooked provisions, beverages and
other fermentable organic substances.
For this purpose I prepare a substance, the composition of which is indicated
by the formula C. H₁ О, Na, Bо. O, 3 (H₂ Bo O,) and which may be produced by
heating in a vessel of copper, porcelain or iron, crystallised or powdered borax and
glucose sugar approximately in the proportion of 338 parts of borax and 198 parts
of glucose, adding a little water in order to facilitate its fusion. When this fusion
is completed I add 124 parts of boracic acid while constantly stirring until it has
been dissolved and cause the liquid to evaporate with a gentle heat until a sample
of it solidifies when run on a cold plate.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PIPE CONNECTIONS OR COUPLINGS
Year: 1882

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Louis Hett at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 8th May 1882.
CHARLES LOUIS HETT, of Brigg, in the County of Lincoln, Engineer and
Millwright IMPROVEMENTS IN PIPE CONNECTIONS OR COUPLINGS.
My invention has for object to provide a simple means of readily connecting
two lengths of pipe either in two lines that if extended would be parallel to each
other or so that the one length of pipe will be at some angle to the other, which
angle may be readily varied as desired to suit the requirements of particular cases.
For this purpose I construct a pipe connection or coupling with two or more tubular
parts each formed longitudinally as a circular are extending through forty five
degrees and provided at each end with a flange whose face is in a plane radial to
the centre of the circle whereof the said tubular part is an arc, and at the junction
of two such tubular parts I interpose a packing ring or washer and also provide an
annular connection constructed to enclose the flange of one tubular part, and to
engage with the flange of the other tubular part or each part may be provided
with an annular connection in such wise as when tightened up, to draw and hold
the two tubular parts securely together either so that two pipes connected one to
cach of the said tubular parts of my improved coupling when constructed with
only two such parts will, if straight, be at right angles to one another, or if the
coupling be constructed with more than two tubular parts formed and connected
as described, then the two pipes connected thereby may be situated at other
angles one to the other, or so as to intersect according to requirement; or where
the coupling is constructed with two tubular parts as before mentioned, two
straight pipes may be thereby connected so as to lie in two parallel straight lines.
The construction above described may be modified by so arranging the tubular
parts that they may be secured together in the required relative positions by
means of bolts or screws or by other means that allow of speedy swivelling
without departure from the characteristic feature of my invention whereby I am
enabled to connect together pipes running in various relative directions as above
set forth A modification of my invention (applicable to small tubes) consists in
connecting two '/, bends by means of a union joint of the ordinary form, the outer
ends being either flanged or screwed either internally or externally. The union
will give the needful means of ready swivelling. Pipe connections or couplings in
accordance with my invention may be used with advantage in or in connection
with centrifugal pumps.
IMPROVEMENTS IN HORSE BEDS.
Year: 1882

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Barnard Wight Holt at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 16th January 1882.
BARNARD WIGHT HOLT of No. 14 Savile Row in the County of Middlesex.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN HORSE BEDS.".
This Invention has for its object improvements in horse beds.
At the present time it is usual to litter horses down with straw but this where
many horses are kept has been found to be very expensive. To avoid this expense
I construct horse beds in the following manner :-
I take two sheets of strong canvas each say nine feet long by three feet broad
and I stitch the two together with parallel rows of stitches running longitudinally
from end to end and about four inches apart. Thus a series of tubular passages
are formed which being sewn up at one end become pockets. I proceed to ram
the pockets full of sawdust and then close them by stitching. This being done
the canvas is thoroughly painted or coated with waterproofing composition to
render it completely non-absorbent and when the paint or composition is quite
try the bed is ready for use. The horse will require two beds of the size stated
which laying side by side will completely cover the floor of a six foot stall. Some
straw should be first laid upon the ground and the beds are placed upon it.
The straw gives a soft and elastic support to the beds and serves also to round up
the surface so that the urine may flow more freely off.
The straw beneath the beds being completely covered and protected will last for
a long time and its expense is consequently small; nevertheless if preferred the
beds may be used without straw.
These beds will be found both cleaner and cooler to the feet than straw or other
litter.
AN IMPROVED METHOD AND CONSTRUCTION FOR PROTECTING BUILDINGS AGAINST FIRE
Year: 1882

page_text: "
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Marshall Hooker at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 11th December 1882.
JOHN MARSHALL HOOKER of Sevenoaks in the County of Kent, Architect
AN IMPROVED METHOD AND CONSTRUCTION FOR PROTECTING BUILDINGS AGAINST
FIRE"
My Invention relates to a method of protecting buildings against fire by a
construction which is as follows: Instead of the ordinary girders employed for
supporting floors I employ box or hollow girders of which all on each floor may
be inade to communicate with one another. Near the upper edge of each girder I
form through its sides rows of holes preferably shaped as horizontal slits, and I
connect the interior with a water main provided with a suitable cock, valve or
hydrant, which in case of fire occurring in any storey can be opened so as to admit
water to the interior of the girders immediately above that storey. The water
keeps the girders cool and overflowing through the holes in the sides of the girders
descends on the burning material below so as to extinguish it or to prevent spread
of the fire. In cases where buildings are already constructed with girders that are
not hollow, water pipes can be fixed along them, these pipes being perforated so as
to direct jets against the sides of the girders. Where tubular iron columns are
employed, they may be also charged with water to keep them cool, and may be
employed as channels conducting water to the interiors of the girders or to the
perforated pipes.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MEANS OR APPARATUS FOR MEASURING ELECTRIC CURRENTS
Year: 1882

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Ashley Carus-Wilson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 21st June 1882.
CHARLES ASHLEY CARUS - WILSON of Grenville Place in the County of
Middlesex "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MEANS OR APPARATUS FOR MEASURING
ELECTRIC CURRENTS
"
My Invention consists in the application of the principle of electrical endosmose
for the purpose of measuring electric currents.
In order to effect this I employ two vessels separated by a porous partition or
membrane and filled with a suitable liquid in which electrodes are plunged and I
combine with theso vessels apparatus for registering the amount of liquid which
under the action of endosmose produced by the passage of an electric current flows
from one vessel to the other.
The manner in which the invention may be carried into effect is as follows —
A vessel of glass or other insulating material is divided into two compartments by
means of a porous partition or membrane. Suitable electrodes are placed in each .
compartment. The two compartments aro connected by a syphon. The current
to be measured passes from the electrodes in one compartment to those in the other
through the partition or membrane, the result being that the liquid in the negative
compartment tends to rise; this produces a flow of the liquid through the syphon
back into the positive compartment. By fitting in the syphon any suitable
apparatus for measuring the flow of the liquid, the amount of electric current
which has passed can be ascertained since the flow of the liquid is directly
proportional to the intensity of the current.
The electrodes may be arranged to absorb the gases which are evolved and are
made of such an area as to give a sufficiently low resistance to the apparatus. If
the current is reversed precisely the reverse action takes place. When it is
required to measure currents which flow continuously in one direction, a suitable
arrangement is introduced for automatically interchanging the positive and
negative poles at determined intervals, at the same time providing by means of
a cock and connections or otherwise that the action of the meter shall not be
reversed.

page_text: If the electrodes take the form of the plates of a secondary battery the reversing
of the poles as above mentioned prevents any waste of energy due to the
decomposition of the liquid as will be well understood.
Suitable resistance is arranged in the syphon to diminish the flow of electric
current through it.
The syphon may take the form of tubes which may be led to the counter at any
convenient position and at any distance from the vessel.
My Invention can be applied to any electrical accumulator by separating the
positive and negative electrodes by a porous partition or membrane and connecting
the two portions of the accumulator thus divided with apparatus such as that
before described. The counter may thus be made to shew the amount of electricity
stored in the accumulator at any time.
IMPROVED ARRANGEMENT OF STEAM BOILER WITH RAPID CIRCULATION
Year: 1882

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Henry Matheson of 1 Cleveland Villa Cleveland Road
Barnes in the County of Surrey Varnish Manufacturer for an Invention of
"IMPROVED ARRANGEMENT OF STEAM BOILER WITH RAPID CIRCULATION"
(Void by reason of the Patentee having neglected to file a Specification in
pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Henry Matheson at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 28th November 1882.
HENRY MATHESON of 1, Cleveland Villa, Cleveland Road, Barnes, in the County
of Surrey, Varnish Manufacturer, "IMPROVED ARRANGEMENT OF STEAM BOILER
WITH RAPID CIRCULATION"
The object of this Invention is a new construction or arrangement of steam
boiler in which water can be heated in small quantities at the parts most in contact
with the fire and as steam is generated the water rises up short internal tubes
whose upper ends are above the water level and from thence it falls into the
volume of water, whereby a rapid circulation is readily effected with a free escape
of steam therefrom.
For the purpose of my Invention I form or connect a series of socket ferrules in
continuous line or in other order, so as to have a free passage horizontally. To each
ferrule both above and below I screw or otherwise attach a tube whose opposite
end is closed.
Within each lower tube I arrange a perforated diaphragm to which a short tube
is affixed a little distance below the ferrule and with its top end just above the
water level. The short tube also passes through another diaphragm provided with
a nozzle which puts the upper body of water into contact with that in the lower
tube in order to maintain the circulation. The upper tubes form steam chambers
D

page_text: and I purpose arranging them in the return flue for drying and superheating the
steam as much as possible. The lower tubes may be of the same length or of
varying lengths in the furnace chamber the upper part of which is below the
ferrules. In some cases I arrange the fire chamber that the lower ends of the lower
tubes project therein. and I make the return flue directly below the ferrules, the
gases then preferably being passed through the upper flue before passing into the
uptake or chimney.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1882

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Whittaker and Robert Clayton
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 2nd August 1882.
JOHN WHITTAKER of Padiham in the County of Lancaster and ROBERT CLAYTON
of Rishton in the same County. "IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING."
Our improvements relate to looms for weaving satteen and other fancy cloth.
The object of our invention being to provide simple apparatus for lifting the healds
and to avoid risk of injury to the cloth by the dropping of oil from the tappets and
also to admit light freely to the shed.
To effect this we place the tappets under the loom on a shaft that receives
motion from a tappet.shaft by bevel wheels or otherwise. We place the jacks
below the tappets and attach the jacks to the top staves of the healds by cords or
bands passing over guide pulleys: springs are connected to the bottom staves of the
healds to draw them down.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF DRIVING GEAR FOR TRICYCLES AND OTHER VELOCIPEDES
Year: 1882

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Septimus John Collier at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 18th April 1882.
SEPTIMUS JOHN COLLIER of Manchester in the County of Lancaster
"IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF DRIVING GEAR FOR TRICYCLES AND OTHER
VELOCIPEDES
"
This invention relates to that class of tricycles or other velocipedes which are
driven from crank shafts by means of endless chains and stud wheels, and the
object of the invention is to enable the rider to vary the speed of his driving wheel
or wheels, as circumstances may require, whilst the crank shaft and pedals revolve
still at the same speed; so that he may either gain power for ascending hills, or
passing over heavy ground, or increase his speed for driving along level roads.
For this purpose I propose to have at each end of the crank shaft a stud wheel
fitted so as to revolve loosely but capable of being attached or locked to the crank
shaft by means of a sliding clutch or catch; the two sliding clutches or catches
being so connected together that when one is moved into gear with its respective
stud-wheel and locks it to the crank shaft the other is necessarily moved out of
gear and its stud-wheel thrown loose, and vice versa.
Each of these stud wheels is connected by an endless chain to a corresponding
stud wheel fixed to the hub of one of the side or driving wheels, and the
consequence is that whichever stud wheel is locked to the crank shaft by its sliding
clutch, its corresponding side wheel becomes the driver, whilst the opposite wheel
runs loosely, and when neither of the clutches is in gear, both wheels can run free
without moving the cranks as required in descending a hill.
In order to get the change of speed all the stud wheels are not of the same size,
one side driving from a small stud wheel to a larger one and the other from a large
stud wheel to a smaller one, so that when the former is in gear an increase of power
is obtained at the expense of a loss of speed and when the latter is in gear, an
increased speed is obtained with a decreased power.
The clutches are worked simultaneously by a single lever within Easy reach of
the hand, and three stops or notches are provided to retain the lever in either of
the three positions vist: "speed power" or "loose,”
"> <

page_text: When this invention is to be applied to a "double driving" machine (such for
instance as the "quadricycle" known as the "Salvo"). I place both chains and
stud wheels at the same side of the machine with a sliding clutch between the two,
so that either of them can be locked by the same clutch; and the differential speed
is thus obtained without interfering with the "double-driving” qualities of the 5
machine.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SLIDING GASALIERS AND CHANDELIERS
Year: 1882

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Atkins and Elijah Atkins at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 15th November 1882.
GEORGE ATKINS and ELIJAH ATKINS both of Birmingham in the County of
Warwick Manufacturers and Co-partners "IMPROVEMENTS IN SLIDING GASALIERS
AND CHANDELIERS
"
Our invention consists of the improvements hereinafter described in sliding
gasaliers and chandeliers by which improvements the water joint and balance
weights ordinarily employed are dispensed with.
We will describe our improvements as applied to a gasalier. On the gas
conducting tube depending from the ceiling the larger outer tube carrying the
arrus of the gasalier slides the said gas tube passing through a stuffing box of the
kind hereinafter described at or about the middle of the larger tube.
The top of the outer tube carries a series of three or other number of brake
blocks, the said brake blocks consisting of fixed horizontal cylindrical pieces of
metal. Vertical chains equal in number to the brake blocks described are fixed at
their upper ends to a horizontal plate at the top of the gas tube and at their lower
ends to a collar fixed at or about the middle of the gas tube. The said chains pass
round the brake blocks respectively each of the brake blocks having a slightly
inclined flange near its middle to guide the chains in their motion over the brake
blocks. In raising and lowering the outer tube the friction between the brake
blocks and the chains coiled round them is sufficient to maintain the said outer
tube and the moveable part of the gasalier in any position to which it may have
been brought. The upper ends of the chains are not connected directly to the
plate at the top of the gas tube but are connected therewith by screws and screw
nuts by the action of which any desired tension may be put upon the chains and
any desired resistance to the motion of the moveable part of the gasalier obtained.
The stuffing box through which the gas tube passes is provided with a pawl and
ratchet wheel by the use of which the turning of the moveable part of the gasalier
is prevented unscrewing the compressing part of the stuffing box. This arrange-
ment may also be applied to the ball and socket joint by which the gasalier is
connected to the ceiling.
Instead of the chains described cords or wires may be employed.

page_text: In order to facilitate the raising of the gasalier a coiled spring is placed on the
lower part of the gas tube this spring is compressed on the descent of the moveable
part of the gasalier and by its elasticity assists the raising of the gasalier.
In applying our invention to chandeliers for carrying candles and paraffin and
other lamps the gas tube may be replaced by a solid rod and the gas tight stuffing
box herein before described may be dispensed with.
IMPROVED MECHANISM FOR OPERATING SIGNALS ON RAILWAY ENGINES
Year: 1882

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alfred Colby Emery at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 31st July 1882.
ALFRED COLBY EMERY, of Dalston in the County of Middlesex IMPROVED
MECHANISM FOR OPERATING SIGNALS ON RAILWAY ENGINES
My Invention relates to railway signalling apparatus and consists in an improved
combination of mechanism for causing a whistle or other audible signal to be
sounded on the locomotive engine of a passing train at any required times in lieu
of the fog signals now in use
The mechanism consists essentially of a pendent arm pivoted so as to swing
freely in a fore and aft direction beneath the locomotive, said arm being formed
with an eccentric or cam surface in combination with a reciprocally sliding rod or
its equivalent fitted to work in guides connected with the whistle or gong to be
sounded and actuated by the cam or eccentric surface of the swinging arm in a
gradual and easy manner. The eccentric surface of the swinging arm is of such a
curve or shape as to operate when the engine is travelling either way and a spring
catch is provided to retain the parts and cause the signal to continue sounding until
reset by the engine driver.
The swinging arm is operated by striking an arm which is raised in its path and
is set either by the levers used for working the ordinary signals or by special
levers. The parts upon the engine and in the permanent way would be duplicated
there being a set at each side to enable a signal to be sounded twice when
required and to make it immaterial which way the engine is travelling, the arms on
the permanent way being carried on concentric rock shafts
IMPROVEMENTS IN RAILWAY SIGNAL LAMPS AND THEIR SPECTACLES APPLICABLE ALSO FOR OTHER PURPOSES WHERE SUCH LAMPS AND THEIR SPECTACLES ARE USED FOR SIGNALLING
Year: 1882

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry John Marshall at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 9th December 1882.
HENRY JOHN MARSHALL of Linslade in the County of Buckingham Railway
Inspector IMPROVEMENTS IN RAILWAY SIGNAL LAMPS AND THEIR SPECTACLES
APPLICABLE ALSO FOR OTHER PURPOSES WHERE SUCH LAMPS AND THEIR SPECTACLES
ARE USED FOR SIGNALLING
"
This Invention has for its object improvements in railway signal lamps and
their spectacles applicable also for other purposes where such lamps and their
spectacles are used for signalling, and consists in the combination of colors to
produce a known colored light for either the purposes of "danger" or "alright."
Heretofore in railway signalling a white glass has been employed in front of the
light and the colored spectacles pivotted vertically to the centre of lamp so as to
turn radially within it and showing the desired color: and these spectacles have
also been employed to surround or nearly so the lamp and pivotted and actuated
in a similar manner to the above.
My Invention is applicable to all these, whether the spectacles are. worked
radially, vertically or horizontally, according to my Invention.
"
The lamp glass is "red" instead of white as heretofore usual and the spectacle
green. When this green spectacles is not in front of the lamp it is showing a
normal "red" or danger" light but when the green glass in the spectacle is
brought in front, the red becomes neutral and a green light is distinctly visible
without any trace of red from the intermediate red glass.
Semaphore and ground disc signals now showing purple lights could advan-
tageously be replaced by lamps giving a deep yellow light as a normal danger
light.
A caution spectacle which for example may be blue working in front of such a
light would produce a true green by the combination of these two colors.
The hereinbefore mentioned colors are those generally acknowledged and adapted
on railways but it will be obvious that for those or other signalling purposes other
combinations of glasses may be employed to produce the desired color.

page_text: I find it advantageous in the red "bullseye" to make it concave-convex and of
the same thickness or nearly so throughout as not only does it prevent the
accumulation of snow or ice on the face by reason of the heat evolved from the
lamp but serves to effect a more visible and better diffusion of the light.
I have termed the "danger" light red but I find that an actual danger red is
not advisable but that a trace of purple or blue with the red is preferable.
IMPROVEMENTS IN OR RELATING TO INCANDESCENT LAMPS
Year: 1882

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alexander Ritchie Leask at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 4th July 1882.
ALEXANDER RITCHIE LEASK of 15 Holborn Viaduct in the city of London
"IMPROVEMENTS IN OR RELATING TO INCANDESCENT LAMPS "
The ordinary form of incandescent electric lamps has a glass globe or bulb
usually of two or three inches diameter with a neck, longer or shorter according to
circumstances.
Now my improved lamp may be described as all neck and no bulb so that a
group of them can be fixed upon a stand or candelabra close together in a way
that the ordinary lamps would not permit of.
This lamp is in shape like an ordinary wax candle and the glass of which it is
formed may be clear opalescent, colored or for a considerable portion of its length
opaque. The carbon filament is specially prepared in an elongated horse shoe
form and it is preferred so to adjust it within the glass tube that the distance
between its two limbs shall be equal to that between each limb and the glass tube
and the limbs are formed as straight as possible and lie as nearly parallel to the
sides of the tube as can be managed. The filament is joined by platinum or other
suitable collars or sleeves to platinum wires whose ends are hollowed to receive
the ends of the filament. The neck is reduced and formed in two portions (one
containing the platinum wire terminals) which are united; the lamp is exhausted
from the pointed end which represents the "wick" of the candle. The neck fits
into a non-conducting socket which can be screwed onto an ordinary gasbracket
or placed within the socket of an ordinary candelabra or candlestick or other
support. When opaque glass is used the bend of the carbon is placed as high.
up in the candle as possible so that the light may appear to come from the wick.
The socket contains the two wires one of which may if desired connect with a
wire inside the gas pipe of the bracket.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SIGHTS FOR FIRE ARMS
Year: 1882

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Augustus Frederick
Blakeney at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 24th Juno
1882.
WILLIAM AUGUSTUS [FREDERICK] BLAKENEY, Captain Third Battalion Highland
Light Infantry, of Tite Street in the County of Middlesex "IMPROVEMENTS IN
SIGHTS FOR FIRE ARMS."
My Invention relates to the "sights" of fire-arms, and is designed to afford the
means for ensuring greater accuracy than has heretofore been attainable in the use
of such weapons.
The piece termed the fore-sight, as ordinarily used for military purposes, is a solid
piece of metal presenting to view a triangular or inverted V-shaped projection
which covers, or partially covers and conceals, the object aimed at, and therefore it
is difficult for the most expert marksman, when the object aimed at has a dark
surface, to distinguish clearly its position with reference to the sight, as the latter
also presents a dark surface to view.
But my improved fore-sight is free from these difficulties, as will be clear from
the following description. I construct this device as follows that is to say, I
take a piece of steel or other suitable metal and form thereon a suitable base for
the attachment of the said device to the barrel of the fire-arm in the usual manner.
On this base I form or fix two inclined sides presenting an approximately triangular
form, enclosing a triangular aperture or space which may be about the same size as
the aforesaid ordinary "fore-sight." Within this aperture, and centrally between
the sides thereof, I fix a thin vertical plate which extends froin the bottom of the
said aperture nearly to the top or apex of the same. The real sight is the
coincidence of the triangular apertures and the thin blade is merely an auxiliary,
the inclined sides serving to protect the same from injury. And it will be obvious
that by constructing the sight in this manner so that it presents to the eye only a
thin vertical line surrounded by an open space which does not cover or conceal the
object aimed at, much greater facility is afforded for accuracy of aim than by the
ordinary fore-sight.
I also improve the construction of the rear or back sight as follows:-viz; I
construct the same of a piece of steel or other suitable metal in the form of an
oblong bar with a slot or aperture for attachment to the hinged arm or bar

page_text: ordinarily provided on a military rifle. In the upper edge of this oblong bar I form
a small aperture of a dovetail shape, that is to say, with a flat base and upwardly
converging inclined sides, and open at the top.
The two "sights" must be so placed on the arm that on looking through this
small dovetail aperture in a line with the gun-barrel the above described thin
vertical blade of the fore sight will cut the centre of the said dovetail shaped
aperture in the rear sight and the triangular space in which the said blade is
enclosed will coincide with the said triangular aperture.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR THE PRODUCTION AND INCREASE OR MODIFI-. CATION OF MUSICAL SOUNDS
Year: 1882

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Burnet at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 15th September 1882.
JOSEPH BURNET, of Slave Island, Colombo, Ceylon, in the East Indies,
temporarily of Tavistock Road, Westbourne Park, in the County of Middlesex
"IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR THE PRODUCTION AND INCREASE OR MODIFI-.
CATION OF MUSICAL SOUNDS,"
According to this invention there are employed for the production of musical
sounds, vibrators which may be of any suitable metal or material.
Each vibrator is bent at one or more of its nodal points to a right angle or
thereabouts, and is so supported or suspended at these nodal points that it is free to
vibrate. The vibrator may be bent so that its bent portions point towards the
same side of the bar or they may point towards opposite sides. The different
tones are produced by varying the length of the vibrators or by weighting them at
the ventricals, or by other corresponding process. The vibrators may be set in
motion by a blow; such as would be given by a hammer or by friction such as
would be produced by a fiddle bow or by a roller having a surface of a material
with a high co-efficient of friction, such for instance as india-rubber. In some cases
to increase or modify musical sounds produced by such vibrators I employ resonance
tubes and these are made by preference, trumpet shaped and closed at the wider
end by a bottom piece which curves outwards, the curvature of the bottom piece
depending on the curvature of the sides. The mouth or opening of the resonance
tube is provided with a lip or turned over edge. The resonance tube may with
advantage be of glass.
In one form of musical instrument having vibrators and resonance tubes
according to my invention and bearing a resemblance in the general arrangement
of its mechanism and the manner in which it is played to a piano, each vibrator is
formed of a bar with its two ends bent at right angles in opposite directions, and
is suspended from an appropriately shaped sounding board or box. In front of one
of the bent portions of each bar there is situated a resonance tube, such as above
described, one tube being placed by preference under its bar, to act in conjunction

page_text: with the turned down end and the next being placed beyond the bar to act in
conjunction with the turned up end.
There may be several rows of bars and tubes one over another to economise space,
or to produce greater volumes of sound, or variations of timbre if found desirable.
Additional power of variation is gained by carrying the tubes in a frame that
can be moved by a pedal with relation to the vibrators. The hammers strike upon
the turned down ends of the bars and are actuated by keys as in a piano.
It is obvious that musical instruments constructed according to the principle of
my invention may have various forms and be operated in different manners.
AN IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR MARKING LAYS USED IN CUTTING OUT CLOTHING
Year: 1882

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William John Dann at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 6th June 1882.
WILLIAM JOHN DANN, of Green Terrace Dewsbury Road Leeds in the county of
York AN IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR MARKING LAYS USED IN CUTTING OUT
CLOTHING
The object of my invention relates to an improved apparatus for facilitating the
marking of lays to be employed in cutting out clothing by wholesale clothiers
I employ a sheet or sheets of prepared linen upon which I mark out the patterns
of the different forms of clothing required by punching out holes or perforations at
short intervals apart, along the lines of the patterns, I then place the perforated
sheet upon the cloth to be marked, and rub over its surface with a woollen pad
or brush a dry powder of any required color which produces the patterns required
in dotted lines upon the cloth similar to the perforations in the sheet, the sheet
being specially prepared or coated with glue, varnish size, or other substance
giving a smooth surface and rendering it more durable will last for an unlimited
period of time. By this means the skilled or practical part of the labour now
required in marking out is dispensed with, children now being enabled to do the
work
IMPROVEMENTS IN STOVES [A communication CHIEFLY DESIGNED FOR WARMING ROOMS OR APARTMENTS from
Year: 1882

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frank Wirth at the Office of the
A communication
Commissioners of Patents on the 28th February 1882.
from Ewald Schöneberg, of Bockenheim, near Frankfort on the Main in the
Empire of Germany.
93
FRANK WIRTH, of the firm of Wirth and Company Patent Solicitors, at
Frankfort on the Main, in the Empire of Germany, "IMPROVEMENTS IN STOVES
[A communication
CHIEFLY DESIGNED FOR WARMING ROOMS OR APARTMENTS
from Ewald Schöneberg, of Bockenheim, near Frankfort on the Main in the Empire
of Germany,]
This invention relates to an improved stove which consists of four principal parts,
viz:—
1st A pedestal with a closely fitting door, and a cinder box.
2nd A fire receptacle provided at its lower part with a removable grating.
3rd An outside casing with two doors at the front part, and an outlet pipe.
4th A spiral plate arranged and fixed between the fire receptacle and the outer
casing.
The lower part of the fire-receptacle consists of a fire-brick ring provided at the
front part with circular holes 15 millimetres in diameter. The upper part of the
said receptacle is made of cast iron and is tightly closed at the top by a polished
cover or lid.
The feeding or supplying of the fuel to the fire receptacle is effected through the
aperture which is covered by the said lid, the latter being closed after the grating
has been covered with incandescent or burning fuel, and the said receptacle filled
with coal, patent fuel or coke.
The gases liberated in the fire receptacle escape through the small holes provided
in the fire brick ring and are consumed by means of currents of air, the heated air
then passing through under the spiral plates to the outlet pipe.
The bottom plate surrounding the fire receptacle is provided with a number of
holes for the admission of air, so that the gases arising from the fire are mixed with

page_text: atmospheric air as soon as they issue from the holes in the fire receptacle and thereby
the said gases are consumed.
This stove may be of various external forms, and presents the advantage, that it
admits of utilizing fuel which has been but little used in the stoves heretofore known
for heating apartments or rooms and are little suited to them.
Moreover the entire consumption of the fuel is obtained in my stove, by which
considerable economy is realized.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CARD SETTING MACHINES
Year: 1882

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Yates at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 14th June 1882. A communication from
abroad by Stedman and · Fuller of Lawrence, Mass: United States of
America.
-
-
HENRY YATES of the firm of James Yates and Son, of Cleckheaton, in the
Stedman and
Fuller of
County of York, Card Manufacturer, " IMPROVEMENTS IN CARD SETTING
MACHINES," A communication from abroad by
Lawrence, Mass: United States of America,
-
-
This invention relates to improved appliances to be used in combination with the
crookers of machines for purposes aforesaid whereby the motion of the machine will
be arrested when the wire for each tooth is absent or not forced through the card
clothing or is marred.
According to this invention the crookers are attached to one end of a curved and
hinged lever the opposite end of the said lever being in such position in relation to
a second curved lever so that should the tooth be not properly formed the end of
the second lever will be fouled or caught by a cross bar attached to the operating
lever of the crooker frame whereon an arm connected with the stop handle is
withdrawn from its holding notch and operates stop rod and the machine is at rest.