IM- PROVEMENTS IN BURNING BRICKS, QUARRIES, TILLS, AND OTHER ARTICLES, AND IN KILNS FOR THAT PURPOSE
Year: 1877

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James Inkerman Payton, of Aston, near Birmingham,
in the County of Warwick, Manager of Works, for the Invention of "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN BURNING BRICKS, QUARRIES, TILLS, AND OTHER ARTICLES,
AND IN KILNS FOR THAT PURPOSE"
ealed the 10th July 1877, and dated the 26th January 1877
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James Inkerman Payton at
the Office of the Commissioncis of Patents on the 26th January 1877
JAMES INKERMAN PAYTON, of Aston, near Birmingham, in the County of
Warwick, Manager of Works "IMPROVEMENTS IN BURNING BRICKS, QUARRIES,
TILES, AND OTHER ARTICLES, AND IN KILNS FOR THAT PURPOSE."
My Invention consists of the improvements herein-after described in burning
bricks, qunities, tiles, and other articles, and in kilns for that purpose, whereby the
bricks and other articles are burned efficiently and with great uniformity, as well
as with economy in fuel and labou
The kiln 1 employ is by preference rectangular in plan, and is composed of
hollow walls of the ordinary kind In the walls constituting the longer sides of
the kiln a series of furnaces of firing holes are made, the said firing holes contracting
from the front inwards and having inclined file-bars
At a
The bricks or articles to be burned are piled or arranged in the kiln in the
following manner -First, a middle longitudinal wall is formed running from end
to end of the kiln, the said wall being of the height of the fining holes Tiansverse
horizontal flues are formed in continuation of the firing holes, the bricks of the
upper lows overhanging so as to form arched or closed tops to the flues
somewhat higher level than the said horizontal flues vertical flues set in and are
continued to the top of the kiln The said vertical flues are not over the hou-
zontal flues described but are midway between them, the flame and heated air
from the sad horizontal flues opening into the vertical flues by side passages
Each of the said vertical flues is in connection with the fires on each side of it
The vertical flues nearest the fires are of smaller diameter than those more distant.
The said vertical flues open at top into cross horizontal flues, which latter open into
a longitudinal flue running along the middle of the kiln, from which the products
of combustion pass into the atmosphere.

page_text: As the contents of the cross horizontal top flues enter the longitudinal flue in
opposite directions the too rapid passage of the heated an from the kiln a pre-
vented, and great uniformity of heat and economy in fuel are thereby secured
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said James Inkerman Payton in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
19th July 1877.
JAMES INKERMAN PAYTON, of Aston, near Bumingham, in the County of
Warwick, Manager of Works "IMPROVEMENTS IN BURNING BRICKS, QUARRIES,
TILES, AND OTHER ARTICLES, AND IN KILNS FOR THAT PURPOSE"
My Invention consists of the improvements herein-after described in burning
bricks, quarnes, tiles, and other articles, and in kilns for that purpose, whereby the
bricks and other articles are buined efficiently and with great uniformity, as well
as with economy in fuel and labour
The kiln I employ is by preference rectangular in plan, and may be composed of
solid on hollow walls of the ordmary kind In the walls constituting the longer
sides of the kiln a series of furnaces or filing holes is made, the said hung holes
contracting from the front inwards and having inclined fire-bais
The bucks o articles to be burned are piled or arranged in the kiln in the
following manner -Fust, a muddle longitudinal wall is formed running from ond
to end of the kiln, the said wall being of the height of the firing holes Transveiso
horizontal flues are formed in continuation of the tung holes, the bucks of the upper
10ws overhanging, so as to form arched or closed tops to the flues At a somewhat
higher level than the said horizontal flues vertical flues set in and are continued to
the top of the kiln The said vertical flues are not over the horizontal flues
described but aie midway between them, the flaine and heated an from the said
horizontal flues opening into the vertical flues by side passages
vertical flues 18 in connection with the fires on each side of it
nearest the fines are of smaller sectional area than those more distant The said
vertical flues open at top into cross horizontal flues, which latter open into a longi-
tudinal fue running along the middle of the kiln from which the products of com-
bustion pass into the atmosphere
Each of the said
The vertical flues
As the contents of the cross horizontal top flues enter the longitudinal flue in
opposite directions the too rapid passage of the heated air from the kiln is pre-
vented, and great uniformity of heat and economy in fuel are thereby secured
1 will now proceed to describe, with reference to the accompanying Diawings, the
manner in which my Invention may be performed
Figure 1 represents partly in sido clovation, and partly in longitudinal vertical
section, a kiln modified according to my Invention, and charged or set with
"green" or unburned bricks according to my Invention, Figure 2 18 a plan and
horizontal section of the same, the sections being taken at the different lovels
herein-after explained, and, Figure 3, is a transverse vertical section of the same,
one half of the said section, Figure 3, being taken though the line A, Figure 1, and
the other half of the said section, Figure 3, being taken though the line B,
Figure 1 The sectional part of Figure 1 is taken through the line C, Figures 2
and 3, and the sectional part D of Figure 2 is taken through the line E, Figure 3,
and the sectional part F of Figure 2 is taken though the line G, Figure 3, and
the sectional part H of Figure 2 is taken through the line I, Figue 3
The same letters of reference indicate the saine parts in Figures 1, 2, and 3
a, a, are the outer walls or permanent parts of the kiln, in the longer sides of
which the fring holes b, b, are made These firing holes contract from the front 5
inwards, both houzontally and vertically, as seen in Figures 2 and 3 The fie-
bars c, c, on which the burning fuel 18 supported may either be inclined, as seen in

page_text: At a
Figure 3, or horizontal The bricks to be burned are set or arranged in the kiln
in the manner shown in the Diawing, so as to leave a series of longitudinal, tians-
verse, and vertical flues In producing these flues a middle longitudinal wall & 18
first formed 1unning fiom end to end of the kiln, and having, as seen in Figure 3, the
height of the firing holes b, b, c, e, are the transverse horizontal flues forming con-
tinuations of the firing holes b, b, the bricks of the upper lows of the walls of these
flues overhanging, so as to form arches to the flues, as seen in the sectional part of
Figure 1 The overhanging bucks are placed at a sufficient distance apart to
poimit of the required passage of the file and heated an between them
level somewhat higher than the level of the transverse horizontal flues e, e, vertical
flues ff, set n These flues ff, extend nearly to the top of the kiln, and open at
then upper ends into the upper transverse flues g, g Those of the said vertical
flues which are nearest to the fe are smaller than those inost distant (see
Figure 3) The said flues are not over the horizontal transverse flues e, e, but are
situated midway between them, as seen in the sectional part of Figure 1 The
flane and heated an from the transverse flues e, e, pass into the longitudinal
flues h, and from thence into the vertical flucs f, f, each of the vertical flues f
1eceiving a portion of the fire and heated an from the flucs e, e, on either side of it
The upper tiansveise flues g, g, open to the top longitudinal flue 2, which longi-
tudinal flue 2 connects together the two series of top transverse flues g, g, communi-
cating with the fires on the opposite sides of the kiln As the currents of heated
an entering the top longitudinal flue from the flues on one side of the kiln incet
the currents of heated an entering the sand longitudinal flue from the flues on
the other side of the kiln, the opposing currents check each other to an extent
sufficient to prevent undue diatt through the kiln The heated air and products of
combustion pass from the longitudinal fluez and from the transverse top flues
into the atmosphere by the short vertical passages h, h The top of the kiln is
formed by close fitting buint bricks m the usual manner
In this covering
openings are left, forming continuations of the short flues h, h The draft may bo
controlled and the heating of the various parts of the contents of the kiln regulated
by means of slabs or quantes placed upon and made to cover wholly or partially
the openings k, l, or some of them
2
In addition to the flues aheady descubed arranged in the setting of the bricks
other vertical flues m and horizontal flucs n may be made in the setting of the
bucks
These flues are for the purpose of obtaining if requned additional heat in
the burning process Fuel is supplied from the top of the kiln down the flues m,
which fuel is received in the horizontal flues n, and there buins The flame and
heated air produced in the flues n are thus made to cuculate among the contents
of the upper part of the kiln The draft of the feed flues m may be regulated by
slabs on the tops of the said flues The horizontal flues m should be situated at or
about midway between the top and bottom of the mass or setting of bucks being
buined
Instead of placing each of the vertical flues f midway between two of the
tiansverse flues e, e, as represented, the said vertical flues f may be placed imme-
diately over tho said transverse flues e, that is, the said vertical flues have the
saine position in this modification as the feed Hues m, which said flues m aro
dispensed with, the said vertical flues m constituting feed flues as well as diaft
flues The lower sides of the horizontal flues are in this modification so built
that while there is a sufficient free passage for the fire and heated an from the flues
the fuel introduced at the top of the feed flues is prevented from descending below
the horizontal flues n
My Invention may be applied to arched kilns as well as to open top kilns.
Although I have only described my Invention as applied to the buining of bricks,
yet it is equally applicable to the buining of quarries, tiles, and other articles
By the use of my Invention the bricks or other articles are rapidly, uniformly,
and economically buined
Having now described the nature of my Invention, and the manner in which the

page_text: same is to be performed, I wish it to be understood that I claim as my Invention
of improvements in buining bricks, quairies, tiles, and other articles, and in kilns
for that purpose,
First Ananging or setting the green or unburned bricks or other articles to be
buined in the interior of the open top or ai ched kiln so as to produce a series of
longitudinal, transverse, and vertical flues or passages for conducting and dis-
tributing the flame and heated air from the fires of the kiln, substantially as her ein-
before described and illustrated in the accompanying Drawings, whether the saine
be used with or without the additional filing flues described and illustrated for
firing from the top of the kiln
Secondly. Making the firing holes of the kiln taper from the front or mouth
inwards, the said tapering firing holes being used either in conjunction with
inclined or horizontal fire-bars, substantially as hercin-before described and illus-
trated in the accompanying Drawings
In witness whereof, I, the said James Inkerman Payton, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Ninth day of July, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and seventy-seven
JAMES INKERMAN PAYTON
(LS)
Witness,
GEORGE SHAW