Year: 1899

page_text: I, OTTO BOCK, of Holsteiner Ufer 7, Berlin, in the German Empire, Engineer, do
hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-
Ordinary kilns heretofore used in the brick, cement and lime industries serve either
for burning or for drying goods. The most usual and most serviceable kilns for
burning are the continuous annular kilns, the flame of which passes horizontally
therethrough. Such kilns or ovens consist, as is well-known, of a long chamber or
passage which is continuous and is usually fitted with a massive arch in which are
provided heating holes. The height of the burning chamber is at least such that a
man can stand upright in it. In the outer enclosing wall there is usually fitted a
number of doors which to a certain extent divide the kiln into so many compartments;
as the said doors, during the operation of the kiln, are bricked in and closed, heating
is only possible through the upper heating holes. The division of the chamber
longitudinally of the oven is advantageously governed by the goods to be burnt. It
is different for normal and other types of building bricks and also for ridge-tiles,
roofing tiles, drain pipes and other goods to he burnt, the length of which does not
correspond to that of one or more normal bricks. This is also the case, even though
to a lesser degree, in the matter of the door division. As in the continuous operation
of the annular kiln at least two doors must be open, one door for discharging and the
other for charging, there is always a portion of the burning chamber equal to at least
two compartments inoperative. The longer the separate compartments are, the
greater the loss in room, whereby not only is the cost of building the kiln un-
necessarily increased but the heat stored up in the brickwork is lost owing to the
long time during which the compartments are left empty.
Now, the kiln formning the subject of this invention obviates the disadvantages
possessed by the ordinary annular oven and furthermore has the advantage that it
possesses a drying chamber for the goods to be dried.
'
In the accompanying drawing-
Figure 1 is a vertical section through the kiln:
Figure 2 is a section on the line 2-2 Figure 1:
Figure 3 is a section on the line 3-3 Figure 1:
Figure 4 is a section on the line 4-4 Figure 3:
Figures 5 to 9 are views of details hereinafter described.
The kiln comprises, like the so-called earth ovens, a circunferential wall e but it
differs from such ovens by having a middle wall which contains the chimney b. It
has neither division doors nor arched roof; in place of the fixed arch a removable
cover closes in the top of the oven space. The introduction and removal of the goods
is effected from above, the cover being partly removed for this purpose. The work-
[Price 8d.1

page_text: men stand in the oven and one takes the dried goods such as bricks from the con-
veyor or the like whilst the other lays the burnt goods upon a suitable brick slide
down which they automatically slide.
When ordinary bricks are to be burnt, the charge is introduced as illustrated in
Figure 1, and a cover of ordinary bricks is provided as illustrated in Figure 4, so as
to form passages e which are in communication with the smoke collector b by the
larger passages E and the valves g fitted in the said collector. The passages are
closed by means of bricks. In order that the numerous passages e can be separated
from the passages E (see Figure 1) the latter are accessible, as shown at h, from above
and cau from this point be closed by sand. To enable access to be had to the valve g
the plate is removed. If, now, more valuable goods, which must not be weighted,
are to be burnt a suitable number of longitudinal partitions are bricked in and the
roof instead of being made of ordinary bricks is formed of moulded bricks (Figure 6)
or hourdis (Figure 7). The roof put on after each charging is to be so arranged that
transverse passages are formed through which the smoke and gases are con-
veyed to the smoke flue b; certain of the said passages contain the heating holes f.
Kilns or ovens are already in existence with movable roofs or covers. The present
improvement consists, however, in the novel arrangement of the outlet passages e
which pass through the whole oven cover. Whilst it has hitherto been only possible
to supply the heating gases at intervals of about every metre, or in the case of under-
neath supply of every three or four metres, it is possible, by my improved construction
of kiln, to supply the heating gases over the whole upper portion of the kiln at very
slight intervals. The relatively slight thickness of the cover (a flat block of
65 millimetres thickness) enables the space above the combustion chamber of the
kiln to be simultaneously employed as a drying oven, the heat being at the same
time more efficiently utilised. Wedding has stated that fuel was most efficiently
utilised in annular kilns as against other methods of firing so that a kiln which has
an annular burning chamber is the cheapest to run.
The cover also forms, as already described, the floor of the chamber for receiving
the green bricks or other goods to be dried and in the case of ordinary bricks no
frame is provided although in the case of more valuable goods the portable frame
illustrated in Figure 4 can be used.
As the roof or cover is movable the arrangement of the heating holes in the
longitudinal direction of the oven can be altered to suit each kind of goods to be
treated, and, as no division doors are employed, the workmen charging and dis-
charging can stand in the immediate neighbourhood of one another and can each
have access to the portion of the cover being cleared.
The modified construction of apparatus illustrated in Figures 8 and 9 shews wider
burning chambers for which a second smoke flue or passage 61 is advantageonsly
arranged in the outer wall c, the said flue being in communication under the bottom
of the kiln with the central smoke passage b. V Figure 9 is the contracted buruing
chamber at the short side or end of the kiln.
In case of necessity and when it is desired to more quickly and efficiently transmit
the heat rays, the fire gases, instead of being conveyed through brick passages or
flues, can be passed through iron flues.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. The process of drying bricks in an annular kiln which serves to burn the dried
goods wherein the heating gases pass from the annular chamber through movable
channels or passages which are arranged near one another transversely over the
annular chamber, the said gases being conveyed away through a common passage b,
substantially as, and for the purpose hereinbefore described.
2. In a process of the kind described in Claim 1 a continuous kiln for burning and
drying ordinary cement, bricks, etc., and having a removable cover which is designed 6

page_text: to carry the goods to be dried and forms transversely to the kiln axis passages
through which the smoke and gases are conveyed to the smoke flue bas described
and illustrated.
Dated this 14th das of March 1900
G. F. REDFERN & Co..
4, South Street, Finsbury, London, Agents for the Applicant.