Improvements in or relating to Heating Apparatus.
Year: 1891

page_text: Date of Application, 2nd Nov., 1891
Complete Specification Left. 23rd Aug., 1892-Accepted, 2nd Nov., 1892
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in or relating to Heating Apparatus.
We, JOSÉ BAXERES TORRES, Mining Engineer and Joseph Diaz BENJUMEA,
Mining Engineer, both of 85 Arlington Street, New North Road, in the County
of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
The object of the present invention is to so arrange a heating apparatus as to
obtain the greatest heating effect from the heated gases or products of combustion
and the invention relates to the arrangement of the flues or conduits through
which the said products of combustion pass. The invention may be applied to
many different kinds of heating apparatus, whether to steam or water boilers or
other kinds of heating or cooking apparatus in which water does not take part.
For this purpose we arrange the flue, conduit or passage traversed by the
products of combustion in a serpentine or spiral form, either circular, square or
other suitable shape, the dimensions and pitch of the coils of which may vary
according to circumstances.
In a modified form and this would be particularly applicable to steam boilers a
central tube or body to be heated would be provided with a number of encircling
rings which in the case of a hollow body like a steam boiler would be filled with
water. These rings would entirely fill the flue or passage in which this apparatus
was located and the passage of the products of combustion would be accomplished
by mutilating each ring so that it did not complete the circle but allowed for one
or more openings for the passage of the products of combustion. After passing
through the passage or passages of the first ring the products of combustion would
be split up and pass around the central body or core until they found one or more
openings in the next ring through which they would pass and be again split up as
before and so on to the end of the apparatus.
Dated this 2nd day of November 1891
W. P. THOMPSON & BOULT,
Agents for the Applicant.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in or relating to Heating Apparatus.
We, JOSÉ BAXERES TORRES, Mining Engineer, and JOSEPH DIAZ BENJUMEA,
Mining Engineer, both of 85 Arlington Street, New North Road, in the County
of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner
the same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement :-
In the accompanying drawings
Figure 1 represents an arrangement adapted for the circulation of gases and
products of combustion, devised with a view to obtaining considerable heating
surface in a small space so that a very great amount of heat is produced.
Figure 2 shows the invention as applied to a horizontal boiler and
Figure 3 shows the invention as applied to an air-heating stove.
The arrangement shown in Figure 1 is substantially as follows,-
At one end of a cylinder A (which may be horizontal, vertical or inclined) is
arranged a furnace G in which coal, wood, gas or other suitable fuel may be burned.
From this furnace the gases are conveyed into a helical channel M constituted by
the spiral diaphragm V, the internal wall of the cylinder A and the external wall
of another cylinder C concentric with A. The combustion takes place within the

page_text: spiral channel M where no loss of charge can take place, the section remaining
uniform throughout and there being no sudden bend or knee in any part of the
channel through which the gases are conducted. Upon arriving at the end of the
spiral channel M the gases enter the chamber K whence they pass into another
helical channel L of substantially the same section as the first. Then at the other
end of the said channel L they issue from a chamber N through a central pipe E
forming a chimney or flue and connected with any suitable exhaust fan or other
draught producing arrangement. The furnace G on all sides is surrounded by the
solid, liquid, or fluid substance to be heated. In the case of solid or fluid substances
it may be covered with or composed of fire-proof pieces. A cylinder B concentric
with the cylinder A contains the fluid, solid or liquid substance to be heated.
The bottom S of the cylinder C directly receives the heat emitted from the
furnace. In the case of a fluid or a solid body being heated, it is necessary to
line the bottom C with fire-proof material or to form it entirely of pieces of such
material. The matter or substance to be heated whether fluid, liquid or solid
which is contained in S is brought to a high temperature by the two spiral flues L
and M with which it is in contact. It will be understood that in order to ensure
methodical heating the matter or substance to be heated should first be brought
into HR RH and then caused to pass through a chamber S, from whence it is
carried to the point where it is to be utilized by means of a convenient tube T.
It will be understood that in this arrangement the whole of the inherent heat
of the gases is utilized, as the contact of these gases with the air in the flues of
uniform section is continued for a considerable time, without any change of
direction, whereby the separation or disintegration of the combustible elements is
entirely avoided and consequently complete combustion is ensured by the molecules
burning, and to be burnt, being constantly brought in contact.
It will be understood that the helical plate or diaphragm V may be replaced by
a spiral sheath or other similarly shaped hollow or solid body; where it is hollow
the material to be heated may be caused to circulate through it. As the gases
issue from the furnace they may first be conveyed through the internal helical
channel L, then through the external channel M and in this case the discharge
pipe E will terminate at the furnace, while the flue M will be connected with the
draught chimney. If necessary either of the two flues L or M may be dispensed
with.
This method of directing the smoke and heating gases may be applied to any
heating apparatus and increase the production of heat, making the apparatus
more advantageous economically for the reasons stated above. It is particularly
suitable for directing the heating gases in water and steam-boilers, in air-stoves, etc.
The following is an example of an application of the invention to a steam-
boiler F of the Cornish type with flue tube F1 F2. The products of combustion
from the furnace F2 are repelled by a bridge f of masonry erected at the rear of
the grate. The flames and products of combustion have a tendency to move in
contact with the upper part of the cylindrical flue F¹ whereupon they pass through
the box F³ in the rear, into lateral conduits and thence escape into the chimney.
To this boiler our method of circulation of gases is applied in the following
manner. Centrally within the flue F¹ and in the rear of the bridge f is arranged
the screw H H. The core H is at each end connected by a tube h to the interior
of the boiler F. The feed-water enters at h¹ while the escape for the water and
steam from H into F takes place at h². The gases rising from the furnace
circulate about the cylindrical core H in a spiral current and escape at T, whence
they pass to the smoke stack or chimney. Not only is combustion thus improved,
but the vaporizing surface is at the same time increased by the addition of the
wall of the core H; and besides a very effective circulation of water and steam is
.obtained in the boiler.
Where atmospheric pressure is applied, that is to say, an open boiler used, a hot
water apparatus may be employed, either for heating apartments in the ordinary
way or for various other industrial purposes.

page_text: The following is an example of the application of this invention to liquid, gas, or
air heating apparatus.
In the following description the apparatus shown in Figure 3 is referred to as
an air-heating stove. It is constituted by two pipes J J connected by a bent
pipe J. This double pipe serves for conducting the gases from the furnace O to
a discharge-flue P. The whole is enclosed in a chamber Q formed of masonry.
The air enters this chamber at q, rises in contact with the pipe J' and passes
downwards at the opposite side of the wall Q' in the second half of the chamber Q.
It descends in contact with the pipe J and then passes through the nozzle j in the
cylinder J and through the connection j into the cylinder J'; finally it escapes
from the stove through the pipe j. It is evident, however, that the reverse course
might be followed by the air, thus jJjJjQ q. The. necessary draught for the
furnace O is produced around the core H above it through the connection J' then
around the other core H and finally through the discharge-flue P.
These are two examples of the practical application of our invention which
however is by no means to be limited thereby, as our gas and smoke circulating
arrangement is applicable to all and every apparatus to which our screw-device
can be applied, or wherever it can be arranged either in the main or secondary
flues. And it will further be understood that instead of being hollow and connected
with other apparatus, the core or shank of the screw may be made solid and without
such connection. It will further be understood that the manner of applying the
invention will remain the same whether the furnace does or does not form part of
the apparatus to which it is applied, that is whether the gases are produced in the
apparatus itself or supplied by any external source; & the position of the
particular flue or flues in which the screw is fitted will make no difference.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what we
claim is,-
1. A double or simple helical flue constituted by concentric cylinders forming
its side walls and by one or two helically formed plates or diaphragms or hollow or
solid bodies forming partitions between the said cylinders such flue whether simple
or double receiving the products of combustion the combustible gases and the air
rising from the combustion chamber or furnace placed at one end of the apparatus
and such flue being surrounded as is also the furnace by sheath-like hollow bodies
into which are introduced the substances to be heated the gases rising from the
furnace being circulated at will in either direction and the whole of the apparatus
being arranged horizontally vertically or in an inclined position.
2. For the purpose of directing gases smoke and products of combustion arising
from furnaces or fire-places and passing through a heating flue the employment of
a directing screw formed of a hollow core centrally arranged within the flue and
connected with the body of the heating apparatus as described and of a spiral or
helical surface joining the internal wall of the flue whereby a spiral conduit or
flue of uniform section is obtained in order to create a continuous flow of burning
or burned gases without any loss through expansion or abrupt deflection substantially
as described.
3. For the purpose set forth in the last preceding claim the employment of a
directing screw formed by a solid cylindrical core centrally arranged within the
conduit or flue as before described and by a helical surface as set forth.
Dated this 22nd dor of Auct 1800
W. P. THOMPSON & BOULT,
Agents for the Applicant.