IMPROVEMENTS IN LOCKS
Year: 1878

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Gerard Wenzeslaus von Nawrocki, of the Firm of J. Brandt
and G. W. von Nawrocki, Patent Agents, of 124,' Leipzigerstrasse, Berlin, in
the Empire of Germany, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN LOCKS."
A communication from Ernst Juhl, of Hamburg, Germany.
Sealed the 16th May 1879, and dated the 22nd November 1878.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Gerard Wenzeslaus von
Nawrocki at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 22nd November
1878.
GERARD WENZESLAUS VON NAWROCKI, of the Firm of J. Brandt and G. W. von
Nawrocki, Patent Agents, of 124, Leipzigerstrasse, Berlin, in the Empire of Germany.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN LOCKS." A communication from Ernst Juhl, of Hamburg,
Germany.
These improvements refer to safety locks having several stoppers placed within a
rectangular recess in the bolt, in such a manner that the stoppers have to be moved
in a direction rectangular to the travel of the bolt before the latter can be moved.
The improvements consist in the construction of a bolt to be moved by means of
a flat or round key, and provided with stoppers as mentioned above (the stoppers
themselves being brought into the right position in the ordinary manner by the
key) in combination with a catch, so that the bolt as well as the catch can be
moved from the in and the outside by means of the key; the catch however being
constructed also to be opened and shut from the inside without using the key; the
catch is provided with an inclined face whereby it is caught by the lock-plate
when the door is shut by a violent push. If the door is secured by the bolt the
catch cannot be moved, as a suitable projection on the bolt will prevent this.
openings of the stoppers as well as their combination may be generally made in any
manner; they can also be varied as in other locks of the same kind.
The

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Gerard Wenzeslaus von Nawrocki in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 19th May 1879.
GERARD WENZESLAUS VON NAWROCKI, of the Firm of J. Brandt and G. W.
von Nawrocki, Patent Agents, of 124, Leipzigerstrasse, Berlin, in the Empire of
Germany. "IMPROVEMENTS IN LOCKS." A communication from Ernst Juhl, of
Hamburg, Germany.
The improvements refer to safety-locks with several stoppers or tumblers placed
within a rectangular recess of the bolt, in such a manner that the stoppers have to
be moved rectangularly to the travel of the bolt before the latter can be moved.
The improvements consist partly in the construction of a bolt to be moved by
means of a flat or round key, and provided with stoppers as mentioned above (the
stoppers themselves being brought into the right position in the ordinary way by
the key), and partly in the combination of a bolt as above described with a catch.
In the accompanying Drawings Figures 1 to 18 show the first improvement, and
Figures 19 to 24, the second. The first construction is chiefly applied to box locks
and padlocks, but may also be used for other locks. Figures 1 to 6 represent a
simple mortise lock, Figure 1 showing the lock when shut, and Figure 2 the lock
when open; Figure 3, a section through C, D, of Figure 2. The bolt A, shown in
detail in Figure 5, carries the stoppers B, B₁, B₁, shown separately in Figure 4, and
movable between the projections a, a¹. The stoppers are provided with openings
for the pin brivetted to the lock-plate, and cach corresponds with a part of the
split spring F. According to the shape of the opening in the stoppers B, B¹, B²,
the latter must be lifted more or less in order to let the pin pass through the
narrow part of the openings (Figure 2) when the bolt A has to be shut. These
motions of the stoppers are produced by the bit or ward d of the key S (Figure 6),
which, after the stoppers have been moved as required, draws also the bolt A. by
acting either against the face for g (Figure 2). No peculiar shape is required for
the key, the bit being made according to number and arrangement of stoppers; flat
keys are preferred as shown in the Figures, in which case a guide R for the key is
required (Figures 1, 2, and 3). Figures 7-12 show a mortise lock with other
peculiarly arranged stoppers, Figure 7 representing the lock when shut, and
Figure 8 the same half-opened. Figure 9 is a section through A, B, C, D, and
Figures 10, 11, and 12 are the stoppers. The stopper B, appears here twice, the
lock being a double-turning one. The recesses of the stoppers are provided with
cuttings i, which almost or entirely prevent the opening of the lock by any other
instrument than the corresponding key. The stopper B., Figure 12, has an
interrupted slot which effectually prevents the so-called throwing-over, the distance
y of the slot from the lower surface of contact being equal to the distance y¹ of
the slot from the corresponding surface of contact. Figures 13-15 show a
lock with two sets of stoppers, to be advantageously applied to safes or cash-boxes,
in which case the latch M. baving the shape shown in Figure 14, is provided with
the two hooks r, which are caught by corresponding cuttings of the bolts t. The
latch has a recess in the middle for the motion of the bit of the key, which moves
the latch by means of the pin s. The stoppers B and B₁, are placed above and
below the lock and moved simultaneously, for which purpose the key, Figure 15, is
provided with a double bit. The turns a, B, 7, 8, n, differ but very little from the
turns a, 3, 7, 8, 7, and during the locking the side S of the bit of the key brings
the stopper B, and the side S¹ the stopper B', in the proper position. With a
further turning of the key, S lifts the stopper B, and S₁ the stopper B, without
moving the latch. Figures 16-18 show a padlock constructed on the principles
above stated. The pin brests in this case, when the lock is shut, entirely in the
latch A, and the stoppers, Figure 17, have but one lateral slot. The recesses i

page_text: prevent again the throwing back, and the pin u is used for shutting the lock
without a key. The second combination, suitable chiefly for door locks, is shown
in Figures 19-24, Figure 19 representing the lock with the lock-plate removed, the
bolt opened, and the catch drawn, while Figure 20 shows both bolt and catch drawn,
and Figure 21 is a section through A, B, Figure 19. The bolt A. carries the
specially shaped stoppers B, B., B., which have first to be lifted a certain distance
before the bolt A. with its stoppers can be drawn. This is done by means of the
key D. Each of the stoppers B is provided with three rests, whence the bolt A
can be fixed in three positions; Figure 19 shows the bolt in its mid-position. The
bolt has to be drawn by means of the toothed segment F, and the return of the
bolt takes place in the same manner (Figure 20), the projection a of the bolt
coming at the same time behind the projection b of the catch G, whence the latter
is also moved. The catch G may also be drawn back by means of the arın d of
the pin H, and, being under the influence of the spring, it always tends to escapo
from the lock (Figure 19). h is a guide-pin for the bolt G. i, k, l, are guide-pins
for the latch. The special shape of the stoppers is shown in Figures 22 and 23.
The stoppers are of two kinds; they are partly lifted by introducing the key D,
partly through the motion of the bolt A. If the key is made symmetrical on both
sides, as is usually the case with door locks, the stoppers must be made correspond-
ingly. For instance, in the lock shown in the Drawing, the central stopper B
(Figure 23) is lifted through the introduction of the key only, by which the pin of
the stopper may escape from the deep recess 1-2 of the stopper B. It may be
mentioned that the bolt A is prevented from moving by this recess only. If the
stopper B is now lifted as much as the depth of the recess 1-2, the bolt can be
moved. At the beginning of the motion all stoppers will be lifted so much as to
let the pin pass through the narrow opening y which connects the larger stoppers,
the lifting of the stoppers being effected in the ordinary way through the inclines
of the lower edge sliding on the corresponding recesses of the key-bit. Tho
stoppers are kept in their position of rest by means of the spring M. This lock acts
in the following manner-The bolt A, as well as the catch G, can be moved from
inside or from outside by means of the mortised key; the catch, however, may also
be opened or shut from inside without using the key, and it may be provided with
an inclined face, so as to be caught by the lock-plate in case of shutting the door
by a violent push. If the door is shut by the bolt A, the catch G cannot be moved,
being prevented by the projection a². The openings of the stoppers for the pin,
as well as the combination of the stoppers, may be made in any ordinary manner
and varied as in other locks of this kind.
1. In safety-locks, the application of a flat or round revolving key in combination
with one or several stoppers, which are movable normally to the bolt, for the
purpose as set forth and illustrated in Figures 1-18. 2. In locks with stoppers
movable normally to the motion of the latch, the arrangement of stoppers the
recesses of which are provided with cuttings i for the purpose as described. 3. In
locks described under claim 2, the interrupted slot in the stoppers, for the
purpose as described. 4. The use of two sets of stoppers on both sides of the key,
substantially as shewn in Figures 13 and 14. 5. The use of the key, Figure 15,
with a double bit, in combination with locks as claimed under (4). 6. The con-
struction of a lock shewn in Figures 1-18, in which any number and shape of
stoppers may be used. 7. The combination of the bolt A (Figures 19-24) with
stoppers B, which are located in an opening of the bolt and moved perpendicularly
to its line of motion, and which are provided with three stoppages or recesses for
the purpose as described. 8. The combination of a bolt A provided with stoppers
as specified under (7) with the catch G in such a manner that the projection a of
the bolt drops behind the projection b of the catch G, whence a certain dislocation

page_text: of the bolt: A produces, a dislocation of the catch G, whilst the latter may be moved
also in the ordinary way from one side of the lock without the application of the
bolt A, for the purpose as described and shown in Figures 19-24.
In witness whereof, I, the said Gerard Wenzeslaus von Nawrocki, have here-
unto set my hand and seal, this Seventeenth day of May, A.D. 1879.
GERARD WENZESLAUS vON NAWROCKI. (L.S.)