A CERTAIN NEW AND IMPROVED METHOD APPLICABLE TO THE PREPARING AND DRESSING COTTON WARP
Year: 1804

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, THOMAS
JOHNSON, late of Bredbury, but now of Stockport, both in the County Palatine
of Chester, Weaver, send greeting.
WHEREAS I, the said Thomas Johnson, did, by my petition, humbly
represent to His present Majesty King George the Third, that by His
Royal Letters Patent, bearing date at Westminster, the Twenty-eighth day
of February, One thousand eight hundred and three, His said Majesty was
graciously pleased to give and grant unto me His especial licence, full power,
sole privilege and authority, to make, use, exercise, and vend "A CERTAIN
NEW AND IMPROVED METHOD APPLICABLE TO THE PREPARING AND DRESSING COTTON
WARP," of which I was the first and true Inventor, within that part of His
said Majesty's United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland called England,
His Dominion of Wales, and Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, for the term
of fourteen years from the date of the said Letters Patent, according to
the Statute in that case made and provided; and also that I had, after much
labor, trouble, and expence, found out and invented a certain addition and
improvement to the said new and improved method applicable to the dress-
ing of cotton warp, and also the said new and improved method, if and
when the same should be used for dressing linen, silk, or woollen warps,
which I conceived would be of great public utility; and that in regard I was
the first and true Inventor of the said addition and improvement, and that
the same had never been made or used by any other person or persons

page_text: whomsoever to the best of his knowledge, information, or belief, I humbly
prayed His said Majesty to grant to me, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, His Royal Letters Patent, under the Great Seal of the United
Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, for the sole use, benefit, and advan-
tage, of my said Invention of the said addition and improvement, within that
part of His Majesty's United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland called
England, His Dominion of Wales, and Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, for the
term of fourteen years, according to the Statute in that case made and
provided; and His said Majesty, -being willing to give encouragement to all
arts and inventions that might be for the public good, was graciously pleased
to condescend to my request, and therefore, by His Royal Letters Patent,
bearing date at Westminster, the Second day of June last past, of His especial
grace, certain knowledge, and mere-motion, did-give and grant unto me, the
said Thomas Johnson, my executors, administrators, and assigns, His especial
licence, full power, sole priviledge and authority, that I, the said Thomas
Johnson, my executors, administrators, and assigns, and every of us, by
myself and ourselves, mine and our deputy or deputies, servants or agents, or
such others as I, the said Thomas Johnson, my executors, administrators, or
assigns, should at any time agree with and no others, from time to time and at
all times thereafter during the term of years therein expressed, should and
lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, my said further Invention,
within that said part of His Majesty's said United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland called England, His Dominion of Wales, and Town of Berwick-
upon-Tweed, in such a manner as to me, the said Thomas Johnson, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, or any of us, should, in our discretion,
seem meet, and that I, the said Thomas Johnson, my executors, administrators,
and assigns, should and lawfully might have and enjoy the whole profit,
benefit, commodity, and advantage, from time to time coming, growing,
accruing, and arising by reason of the said Invention, for and during the
term of years therein mentioned, to have, hold, exercise, and enjoy, the said
licence, powers, privileges, and advantages therein-before granted unto me,
the said Thomas Johnson, my executors, administrators, and assigns, for and
during and unto the full end and term of fourteen years from the date of the
said Letters next and immediately ensuing and fully to be complete and
ended according to the Statute in such case made and provided; in which
said Letters Patent is contained a proviso that if I, the said Thomas John-
son, should not particularly describe and ascertain the nature of my said
Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, by an instrument

page_text: in writing under my hand and seal, and cause the same to be inrolled in
His Majesty's High Court of Chancery within four calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent, that then the said
Letters Patent, and all liberties and advantages whatsoever thereby granted,
should utterly cease, determine, and become void, anything therein-before
contained to the contrary thereof in anywise notwithstanding, as in and by the
said Letters Patent, relation being thereunto had may more fully and at large
appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that. I, the said Thomas Johnson, in compliance with
the said proviso, do hereby describe and ascertain the nature of my said
Invention, and declare that the Plan thereof drawn upon the Paper hereunto
annexed is composed of the following particulars, that is to say:-
Numbers 1 and 2, a side and front view of a machine for dressing cotton,
linen, woollen, and silk warps. A, A, the frame of the machine, made of
wood. B, B, twelve beams, each containing the twelfth part of a warp as
prepared by the preparing machine and placed in the slips C, C, screwed to
the frame A, A. At the lower end of each slip C, C, in the side view, is a
groove which receives the end of a lever lying under and parallel with each
beam B, B. D, D, in the front view, leather straps passing over the end of
each beam and round the lever at C, C, in the side view, upon each of
which levers is hung a weight in order to keep the warp sufficiently stretched,
and for which purpose the weight is to be moved by the hand from the
loose end of the lever towards the other end thereof as the yarn decreases
upon each beam. E, E, two reeds, thro' which the threads of the warp, as
brought from the beams, are passed and kept separate. F, F, ribs of wood,
into which brass pins are stuck sufficient in number to keep each thread of
the warp distinct and separate from each other when passing thro' them.
G, G, rollers, Numbers 1 and 2; No. 1 covered with flannel, No. 2 half
immersed in sow or paste, and placed in the troughs H, H, in the side view,
which supplies in it's motion Number 1, moving in an open groove, with sow
or paste, which is thus communicated to the warp as it passes between the
rollers. I, I, levers, one of which is fixed and moves on a pivot fastened on
the inside of the frame, supporting roller Number 1, and to which levers the
weights K, K, are pendant; and which levers, lying on the pivots of roller
Number 1, press the sow or paste into the warp passing between the rollers,
and by moving the weights K, K, further from or nearer to the pivots of the
levers, the increase or decrease of the pressure regulates the quantity of
sow or paste proper for the warp to receive. L, L, levers, one at each end of

page_text: roller Number 1, fastened to the outside of the frame, by which rolle
Number 1 can be raised from roller Number 2, as occasion may require
M, M, reeds thro' which the warp is passed and opened after receiving the
sow or paste previously to passing under the brushes. N, N, reeds thro
which the warp is passed and opened after passing under the brushes. 0, 0,
two weaver's rods passed thro' the yarn and dividing it into two equal parts
P, P, two ribs of wood, into which brass pins are stuck sufficient in number
to keep each thread of the warp distinct from each other. Q, Q, two rollers
under which the yarn passes in it's proper direction to the beam R, R. In
the side view, a pair of yelds, placed horizontally upon the frame, thro' which
the warp passes, and which, when the beam is full, enables the person
employed in superintending the machine to take the cross lest or less for the
weaver. S, S, the beam which receives the warp when dressed. T, a pully
of wood fastened on the iron shaft U, U, which, by means of a strap passing
over such pully connected with the moving power, communicates motion
to the whole machine. V, a loose pulley of wood, of the same size with
pulley T and running on the same axle, the use of which is to receive the
strap from pulley T when the machine is put out of geer. W, a fork of iron,
by which the machine is put in and out of geer by moving the strap on and
off the pulley T. X, three pulleys of different sizes fastened on the shaft
U, U, over which a strap passes to three corresponding pulleys Y, Y, on the
shaft Z; the pulleys X and Y being of different sizes, different speeds may be
obtained by moving the strap from one pulley to another. On each end of
the shaft Z a crank of iron is fixed nearly in opposite directions to each other,
and to each of which cranks is affixed one of the ends of each of the connecting
rods of iron a, b, in the side view. The other end of the connecting rod a is
introduced into and forms a joint, with a grooved slip of iron screwed to the
centre of the connecting rod c, c, and the other end of the connecting rod b
is introduced into and forms a joint with a grooved slip of iron screwed to the
centre of the connecting rod d, d. The rod d, d, connects the brush frames
e, e, and works upon pinions on a centre beam in such frames at ff. The
rod c, c, connects the levers g, g, behind the brush frames, and works on a
moveable pivot at h, h. The brush frames work on a moveable pivot at i, i,
and the levers g, g, on pinions at k, k. The strap which passes over the
pulley X and Y gives motion to the shaft Z, which, by means of the before-
mentioned cranks thereon, communicates such motion to the several connect-
ing rods, and through them to the levers and brush frames at the ends of such
connecting rods respectively. The motion given by the crank which works

page_text: the brush frames, has the effect of moving such brush frames, with the brushes
1, 2, affixed tliereto, backwards and forwards, and the use of the brushes is to lay
or smooth the lint or ouze naturally on the warp. Each brush is laid upon the
warp at the point m, m, and by the motion last mentioned is drawn back
over and upon the warp to the point n, n, from whence, being lifted up from
the warp by the motion given to the lever g, 9, it is by such motion and
also by the motion of the cranks carried in an over curve direction back again
to the points m, m, in order continually to repeat the same operation upon the
warp. p, another pulley upon the shaft U, U, over which a strap passes and
communicates motion to the pulleys q, r, s, s, on the shaft t. The pulleys by
a strap gives motion to the fan or winnow u, and of which fan or winnow u,
made of wood, the figure Number 3 is an horizontal view, and its use is to
dry the warp in passing on each side of it onward to the beam S. The
pulley, by means of a strap, gives motion to the pulley on the shaft w.
At one end of the shaft w is fixed the wheel with teeth, which gives
motion to the wheel with teeth y, y, on the upright shaft z, at the end of
which a worm moves the wheel a. In the axle of the wheel a is a socket to
receive the pivot of the beam S, which is fastened to it by a catch.
Nota bene. Those parts of the machine above described which are marked
and lettered with red letters, constitute the addition and improvement thereto,
for which the Patent above recited, bearing date the Second day of June, Ono
thousand eight hundred and four, was granted to me; but in order more
clearly to shew the connection of such addition and improvement with the
machine, and also the use and application of it, I thought it adviseable to give
a description of tho whole machine.
.
In witness whereof, I, the said Thomas Johnson, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Eleventh day of August, in the forty-fourth year of
the reign of our Sovereign Lord George the Third, by the grace of
God, of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland King,
Defender of the Faith, and in the year of our Lord One thousand
eight hundred and four.

page_text: AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the Twelfth day of September,
in the year above mentioned, the aforesaid Thomas Johnson came before
our Lord the King in His Chancery, and acknowledged the Specification
aforesaid, and all and every thing therein contained, in form above written.
And also the Specification aforesaid was stamped according to the tenor of
the Statute in that case made and provided.
Inrolled the Twenty-fifth day of September, in the year above written.