IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY AND APPARATUS TO BE EMPLOYED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CLOSE OR OPEN FABRICS
Year: 1879

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Campion, sent, of the Town and County of the
Town of Nottingham, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY
AND APPARATUS TO BE EMPLOYED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CLOSE OR
OPEN FABRICS."
Scaled the 30th March 1880, and dated the 21st November 1879.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Campion at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 21st November 1879.
WILLIAM CAMPION, sen., of the Town and County of the Town of Nottingham.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY AND APPARATUS TO BE EMPLOYED IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF CLOSE OR OPEN FABRICS."
The improved machinery and apparatus consists of the following parts:-Two
end standards and one or more intermediate standards or bearings, the whole of
which are connected together by two or more tie-bars, to which and to the
standards bearings are secured; the uppermost bearings carry a rocking axle shaft
to which are secured sleys in which one or more guide bars slide. Each bar carries
either a full set of guides or other number required, each bar being traversed
endways by a suitable wheel. The axle shaft has one or more truck bearing levers
secured to it, each operated by a cam to oscillate the guide bars. Below the guide
bars is a horizontal bar to the underside of which bearings are secured, each of
which has its lower end secured to a rocking axle shaft; this shaft also has one
or more truck bearing levers secured to it, each operated by a cam to communicate
a rocking motion to the horizontal bar, on the top side of which are secured plates
or leads in which knocking over bits are soldered or cast. Each of these bits is
constructed as follows:-A steel wire is bent to a U shape and flattened, having
one end longer than the other, the shortest ends being at the top secure loops
formed on needles as they rise, the longest ends form a bed for the fabric after being
knocked over. Above the plates or leads a presser bar is secured; this presser bar
may be either fixed or arranged so as to slide endways, the front edge forming
tricks in which the beards of the needles pass when a tuck-stitch is required; the
traverse of the presser bar is effected by a wheel. The rocking axle shaft has one

page_text: or more truck bearing levers secured to it, each of which is operated by a cam.
The knocking over bits form a aley in which bearded needles rise and fall; these
needles are cast in leads or secured in tricks carried by a needle bar supported by
bearings secured on a rocking axle shaft to which are attached truck bearing arms,
each operated by a cam. The cams for effecting the several movements of the truck
bearing levers are all carried by one revolving shaft. Each needle is provided with
yarn from one or more guides, each supplied from a spool or warp beam. During
the rising of the needles each spool thread is slackened by the following means:-
The spool threads are passed over a rod and through a sley, then under a rod which
has a rising and falling motion communicated to it by a cam, and over a fixed rod
to the guides, thence to the needles. The standards first named are shorter than
are required to hold the machine the proper height for the attendant, the extra
length being formed by additional standards secured to the bottom of the first
named standards. By such means the machine proper can be separated from the
lower standards and placed entire in a case for removal.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said William Campion in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 21st May
1880.
WILLIAM CAMPION, sen, of the Town and County of the Town of Nottingham.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY AND APPARATUS TO BE EMPLOYED IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF CLOSE OR OPEN FABRICS."
The improved machinery and apparatus consists of the following parts:-Two
end standards and one or more intermediate standards or bearings, the whole of
which are connected together by two or more tie-bars, to which and to the
standards bearings are secured; the uppermost bearings carry a rocking axle shaft
to which are secured sleys in which one or more guide bars slide. Each bar carries
either a full set of guides or other number required, each bar being traversed
endways by a suitable wheel. The axle shaft has one or more truck bearing levers
secured to it, each operated by a cam to oscillate the guide bars. Below the guide
bars is a horizontal bar to the underside of which bearings are secured, each of
which has its lower end secured to a rocking axle shaft; this shaft also has one or
more truck bearing levers secured to it, each operated by a cam to communicate a
rocking motion to the horizontal bar, on the top side of which are secured plates or
leads in which knocking over bits are soldered or cast. Each of these bits is
constructed as follows: A steel wire is bent to a U shape and flattened, having
one end longer than the other, the shortest ends being at the top secure loops
formed on needles as they rise, the longest ends form a bed for the fabric after being
knocked over. Above the plates or leads a presser bar is secured; this presser bar
may be either fixed or arranged so as to slide endways, the front edge forming
tricks in which the beards of the needles pass when a tuck stitch is required; the
traverse of the presser bar is effected by a wheel. The knocking over bits form a
sley in which bearded needles rise and fall; these needles are cast in leads or
secured in tricks carried by a needle bar supported by bearings secured on a rocking
axle shaft to which are attached truck bearing arms, each operated by a cam. The
cams for effecting the several movements of the truck bearing levers are all carried.
by one revolving shaft. Each needle is provided with yarn from one or more
guides, each supplied from a spool or warp beam.
During the rising of the needles each spool or beam thread is slackened by the
following means:-The spool or beam threads are passed over a rod and through a
sley, then under a rod which has a rising and falling motion communicated to it by
a cam, and over a fixed rod to the guides, and thence to the needles. The standards
first named are shorter than is required to hold the machine the proper height for
the attendant, the extra length being formed by additional standards secured to the
bottom of the first named standards. By such means the machine proper can be
separated from the lower standards and placed entire in a case for removal.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

page_text: tie bars B, B, to which and to the standards bearings are secured; the uppermost
bearings carry a rocking axle shaft C to which are secured sley bracket arms C¹, to
each of which a slotted bearing C is screwed. In these bearings two or more
guide bars D slide; each bar has guide leads D' secured to it in the usual way, and
extend nearly from end to end of the bar. The leads carry either a full set of
guides or other number required. A front view of one such guide lead is shewn at
Figure 11. Each guide bar is traversed endways by a suitable wheel operating a
rocking lever carrying a link at its upper end attached to the guide bar, the opposite
end of the bar being provided with a spring in the usual way, the back guide bar
being traversed by the cam wheel D³, shewn in side view at Figure 8, and the front
guide bar by the cam wheel Ds, shewn at Figure 7. These cam wheels are varied
in shape according to the pattern required. Both wheels are secured on and revolve
with a short horizontal shaft lying in bearings secured to the left end standard; the
short shaft is provided with a toothed bevel wheel D* which gears into a smaller
toothed bevel wheel D³ secured on the left outer end of a cam shaft E. The
rocking shaft C has one or more truck bearing levers Do secured to it according to
the width of the machine; each lever carries two trucks which are operated by
cams 5 and 6, shewn in side view at Figure 6. These cams rock the shaft C 80 as
to cause the guides to pass alternately to the front and back of the needles. Two
guide bars only are shewn in the Drawings, but I employ a greater number when
required; and in either case the lapping cams 5 and 6 are formed so as to cause
the whole of the guide bars when being traversed to clear the needles both at the
back and front. Each slotted bearing C has as many slots as there are guide bars
employed; these bearings are of peculiar construction, having a thin arm projecting
at the back by which they are secured to the sley bracket arms C'. The thin arm
allows the threads to reach the guides in a more direct manner than those heretofore
constructed. The guide bars are kept in the slots of the bearings by a plate C
which lies on the bottom and is screwed to the front of the bearing, as seen at
Figure 3. One such bearing is shewn in plan at Figure 4.
Below the guide bars is a horizontal bar F to the underside of which bearing
levers F¹ are secured, each of which has its lower end secured to a rocking axle
shaft F which has one or more truck bearing levers FS secured to it, each operated
by the cams 3 and 4, shewn in side view at Figure 5, which communicates a rocking
motion to the horizontal bar, on the top side of which are secured plates or leads F
in which knocking over bits F are soldered or cast. Each of these bits is constructed
as follows: A steel wire is bent to a U shape and flattened, having one end longer
than the other, the shortest ends being at the top hold down the loops on the needles
as they rise, the longest ends form a bed for the fabric after being knocked over.
The knocking over bits form a sley in which bearded needles rise and fall; the
outer ends of the bits may have a lead cast on them, as shewn in the sectional view,
Figure 3, or the ends may be enclosed in the fold of a strip of brass F, as shewn in
the sectional view, Figure 13, and in plan at Figure 14; such strip of brass is kept
in position by brass pins which drop into holes formed for them at about every six
inches of its length, each pin taking into a loop formed by the long end of one of
the knocking over bits. By such means the strip can be readily removed when a
bit lead or plate F* has to be replaced. The knocking over bits instead of being
constructed as above described inay be punched out of thin steel plate, or I may
form each length of knocking over bits by casting leads with short steel bits at the
top and long bits at the bottom.
Above the plates or leads a presser bar G is secured; this presser bar may be
either fixed, as shewn in the sectional view, Figure 3, in which case it is made in
short lengths to facilitate the removal of the knocking over leads; or it may be cut
away at the front on the top to receive an angular bar G₁ arranged so as to slide
endways upon it, as shewn respectively in section and plan at Figures 13 and 14,
where the front edges of both the presser bar G and angular bar G₁ is provided with
tricks in which the beards of the needles pass when the tricks in both bars
correspond. When a tuck stitch is required the traverse of the angular presser bar

page_text: is effected by an additional wheel carried by the horizontal shaft at the left end of
the machine operating a connecting link attached to the bar, in the same manner
as described for traversing the guide bars. The bearded needles are cast in leads H,
a front view of one of which is shewn at Figure 12, the leads being held to a
needle bar H by plates and screws in the usual way. The needle bar is supported
by bent bearing levers H³ secured on a rocking axle shaft H³, to which are attached
one or more truck bearing arms H*, each operated by the excentric cams 1 and 2,
shewn in the sectional view, Figure 3, causing the needles to rise and fall. The
cains for effecting the several movements of the truck bearing levers and their
attachments are all carried by the cam shaft E. Each needle is provided with yarn
from one or more guides, each supplied from a spool or warp beam.
In the Drawings two warp beams I, I, are shown.
During the rising of the needles each thread is slackened by the following
means: To the top tie bar B double armed brackets I' are secured; the back arms
carry the warp beams, each of which is provided with a grooved pulley round
which a cord is passed, one end being secured to a pin projecting from the back
arm, the other end of the cord being attached to one end of a spring having its
other end hooked on a screwed pin carried by a stud in a vertical plate secured to
the front arm of the warp beam bracket, the pressure of the cord on the pulley
being regulated by a thumb nut on the screwed pin.
The threads from the top warp beam are passed over a fixed rod J and under a
rising and falling tube J', then over a second fixed rod J2 and through holes in a
sley J³ carried by studs on the top of the front guide bar, and through the front
guides to the needles. Portion of the sley J³ is shewn in plan at Figure 10. .The
threads from the bottom warp beam are passed over two other fixed rods and under
a second rising and falling tube J* through sleys Jo and through the back guides to
the needles. Portion of the sleys J5 is shewn in plan at Figure 9. The four fixed
rods above named are supported at each end by uprights secured to the warp beam
brackets I¹, the front arms of which form bearings for the ends of a rocking axle
shaft K, which is also supported at the centre of its length by a bearing secured to
the top tie bar of the machine. This axle shaft carries an arm K¹ near each end,
the back ends of which are attached to two vertical slotted plates K³, in the slots
of which the tubes J¹ and J' rise and fall, being so moved by means of a lever L
secured on the left end of the shaft K; the back end of the lever is hinged to a
connecting link K¹ operated by a crank pin carried by the outer left end of the cam,
shaft E. The tubes J and J are weighted by inserting a rod or rods of various
thickness according to the stiffness of fabric required; each time the tubes are
brought down by the slotted plates they draw off a certain portion of the threads
from each beam or set of spools, by which means the beams or sets of spools require
less attention than heretofore. The cam shaft E is provided at its left end with a
toothed wheel El gearing into an intermediate wheel which gears into a toothed
wheel E on the end of the hand shaft in front of the machine, by which the
attendant can operate it; to the right of the wheel E³ the axle shaft is provided
with a fast and loose pulley and a fly wheel E³.
The standards A, A, first named are shorter than is required to hold the machine
the proper height for the attendant, the extra height being formed by additional
standards A', A¹, and a back tie bar A secured to the bottom of the first named
standards. By such means the machine proper can be separated from the lower
standards and placed entire in a case for removal.
Having described the several movements of each part separately I will now
describe the combined movements thereof. After the needles have knocked the
work over as they rise, the slotted plates carrying the weighted tubes are lowered
by the crank pin, the plates then rise, the slots in which allow the weighted tubes
to rise as the threads are lapped round the needles by the guides and while the
loops are being knocked over, the needles again rise and the movements are
repeated.

page_text: t
Having thus described the nature of my said Invention, and the manner of
performing the same, I declare that I claim,
First. For the knocking over bits operating in conjunction with bearded needles,
substantially as described.
Second. For the bent bearing levers F carrying the knocking over bit bar and.
presser bar or bars.
Third. For the bent bearing levers H2 carrying the needle bar.
Fourth. For both sets of bent bearing levers combined for operating the knocking
over bits and needles simultaneously.
Fifth. For the thin back armed slotted bearings C² carrying the guide bars for.
enabling the whole of the threads to reach the guides nearly direet.
Sixth. For the weight carrying tubes J¹ and J*, slotted plates K2, operated by the
crank pin.
Seventh. The general arrangement and combination of parts, substantially as
described and illustrated in the Drawings annexed.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Campion, senior, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Eighteenth day of May, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and eighty.
Witness,
H. W. GOUGH, C.E.,
Nottingham.
WILLIAM CAMPION, SEN. (L.S.)