Improvements in the Manufacture of Screw Nuts.
Year: 1889

page_text: Date of Application, 3rd May, 1889
Complete Specification Left, 17th Jan, 1830-Accepted, 22nd Feb., 1890
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Manufacture of Screw Nuts.
We JOSEPH HAMPTON of King's Hill Wednesbury in the County of Stafford
Tool Manufacturer and SAMUEL PARTRIDGE of Croft House, Darlaston in the County
of Stafford Surgeon do declare the nature of this Invention to be as follows
The said invention consists of the process or combination of processes herein-
after described for the manufacture of screw nuts whereby the ordinary processes
of forging and machine shaping are superseded and the manufacture of the said
nuts economized
The said invention is particularly applicable to the manufacture of bright or,
machine screw nuts made of steel but the said invention may also be applied to
the manufacture of black or unpolished screw nuts and to screw nuts made of
wrought iron or brass or other hard metal or alloy
The said invention consists in making the said screw nuts from cylindrical rods.
or from 1ods having a hexagonal or other polygonal figure in cross section
We will describe the said invention as applied to the manufacture of small bright
or machine steel screw nuts from cylindrical rods
We take a cylindrical rod of steel of the required diameter and place it in the
hollow rotating spindle of a lathe and by means of an ordinary drill advancing in
the line of the axis of the said cylindrical rod a hole is drilled in the end of the
rod of a length a little longer than the thickness of the nut to be made From
the axially drilled end of the rod a nut blank is cut by the advance of a cutting
off tool carried by the slide rest of the lathe The operations described are repeated
until the cylindrical rod has been cut up into nut blanks The holes in the nut
blanks thus produced having been tapped a series of them is strung or placed and
fixed side by side on a mandril or rod and by a grinding operation the required
planes or faces are made on the cylindrical surface of the nut blanks so as to form
the sides of the nuts and convert the nut blanks into hexagonal or other polygonal
screw nuts The sides of the screw nuts are afterwards polished
In making screw nuts of large size according to this invention we prefer to use
steel rods having a hexagonal figure in cross section or of the polygonal figure of
the nuts to be made The process for making the nut blanks is the same as that
hereinbefore described when cylindrical rods are used but as the nut blanks made
from hexagonal rods or rods of other polygonal figure in cross section have
externally the general figure of the finished nuts little grinding is required to finish
the external form of the nuts compared with that which is necessary when large
nut blanks are made from cylindrical steel rods
For the purpose of grinding the sides of the nut blanks to convert them into
screw nuts and for polishing (when required) the sides of the hexagonal or other
screw nuts we prefer to use the grinding and polishing machinery and appliances
described represented and claimed in the specification of Letters Patent granted
to us dated the 2nd day of February 1886 No 1558 but we do not limit ourselves
to the use of the said machinery and appliances as the sides of the nut blanks
made from cylindrical or other rods may be faced and polished in other ways and
by the use of other machinery and appliances

page_text: Improvements in the Manufacture of Screw Nuts.
We, JOSEPH HAMPTON of King's Hill Wednesbury in the County of Stafford
Tool Manufacturer and SAMUEL PARTRIDGE of Croft House, Dailaston in the County
of Stafford Surgeon, do hereby declare the nature of the said invention and in what
manner the same is to be pertoimed to be particularly described and ascertained in
and by the following statement...
The said invention consists of the process or combination of processes herem-
after described for the manufacture of screw nuts whereby the ordinary processes
of forging and machine shaping uie superseded and the manufacture of the said
núts economized.
The said invention is particularly applicable to the manufacture of bright or
machine screw nuts made of steel but the said invention may also be applied to
the manufacture of black or unpolished screw nuts and to screw nuts made of
wrought on 01 brass or other hard metal or alloy
The said invention consists in making the said sciew nuts from cylindrical iods
or trom rods having a hexagonal or other polygonal gule in cross section
We will describe the said invention as applied to the manufacture of small bright
or machine steel screw nuts from cylindrical rods
We take a cylindrical rod of steel of the requied diameter and place it in the
hollow rotating spindle et a lathe and by means of an ordinary drill advancing in
the line of the axis of the said cylindrical 10d, a hole is drilled of a length a little
greater than the thickness of the nut to be made From the axially drilled end or
part of the rod, a nut blank is cut by the advance of a cutting off tool carried by
the slide rest of the lathe.
The operations described are repeated until the cylindrical rod has been cut up
into nut blanks. The holes in the nut blanks thus produced having been tapped,
a series of them is strung or placed side by side on a mandril or rod and by a
grinding operation the required planes or faces are made on the cylindrical surface
of the nut blanks so as to form the sides of the nuts and convert the nut blanks
into hexagonal or other polygonal screw nuts 'The sides of the screw nuts are
afterwards polished
In making screw nuts of large size according to this invention we prefer to use
steel rods having a hexagonal figuie in cross section or of the polygonal figure of
the nuts to be made The process of making the nut blanks is the same as that
hereinbefore described when cylindrical rods are used but as the nut blanks made
from hexagonal 1ods or iods of other polygonal figure in cross section have
externally the general figure of the finished nuts, little grinding is required to finish
the external form of the nuts compared with that which is necessary when large
nut blanks are made from cylindrical steel rods
We will now proceed to describe with reference to the accompanying Drawings
the manner in which the said invention is to be performed as applied to the
manufacture of bright or machine steel screw nuts from hexagonal and cylindrical
steel rods
Figure 1 represents a cylindrical solid rod of steel the end of which has been
axially drilled and its outer edge or face chamfered by the operation of the lathe or
machine hereinafter described and Figure 2 represents in elevation and section a
nut blank cut from the axially drilled and chamfered end of the rod a Figure 1 by
the operation of the lathe or machine Figure 3 represents in section and end
elevation a screw nut made by grinding or shaping the exterior of the nut blank
Figure 2 and tapping the hole in its interior
Figure 4 represents a hexagonal solid rod of steel axially drilled at its end and
its edge chamfered and Figure 5 represents in section a nut blank cut from the
drilled and chamfered. end of the rod b Figure 4; and Figure 6 represents in
section and end elevation a finished screw nut made from the nut blank Figure 5
as hereinafter particularly explained.

page_text: Figure 7 represents in side elevation and Figure 8 in plan the lathe or machine
which we preter to employ in the drilling and chamfering of the rod and cutting
up of the said rod into nut blanks Figure 9 represents in plan the combined
cutting off and chamfering tool and the stop carried in the same holder, drawn to
a larger scale than the machine Figures 7 and 8.
The same letters of reference indicate the same parts in the several figures of the
drawings.
We will first describe the manufacture of machine screw nuts from hexagonal
rods.
c is the hollow rotating spindle or mandril of the lathe through which spindle the
hexagonal iod b is passed and held in the said spindle by the chuck d After the
part of the rod b projecting from the chuck d has been made into nut blanks the
rod bis released from the chuck and another portion made to project from the
chuck and so on until nearly the whole of the rod has been cut up, e is the dill
capable of an advancing motion in the line of the axis of the rod b The said
drill e is fixed in the holder e" and is advanced to and withdrawn from the end
of the rod b by the hand lever jointed to the said holder h is the cutter by
which the length of rod to form a nut blank is cut off the chamfered end of the
rod b held in the chuck d is the chamfering tool by which the edge of the end
or face of the rod b to form the nut blank next to be cut off is chaintered during
the cutting off of the nut blank by the cutting-tool h
The end of the rod is thus always left chamfered after the cutting off. of the
nut blank from it The said cutting off and chamfering tools h, t, are carried in
the holder on the slide rest 1, of the lathe, the said slide rest having both a
traversing and cross motion on the berl of the machine as is well understood
The traversing or longitudinal motion of the slide rest is effected preferably by
the hand level m and the cross motion by the hand level n The tool holder h also
carries an adjustable stop or guide p by which the length of the nut blank to be
cut off from the rod b can be determined
The operation of the machine or lathe is as follows -The hexagonal rod b having
been adjusted in the spindle c and fixed in the chuck d and the tools h, and
stop or guide p withdrawn out of action, the spindle c is rotated and the drill e
advanced by the operation of the hand lever f, against the end of the rotating rod b
and a hole drilled in its axis as indicated at q Figure 4, the said hole q being a
little longer than the thickness of the screw nut to be made
'
The drill e being then withdrawn into the position represented in Figures 7 and
8 the slide rest is advanced by the operation of the hand lever n across the
machine so as to bring the stop p in front of the end of the rod b against which
it is brought by the traversing motion of the slide rest effected by the hand lever m
The cutting off tool h and chamfering tool are now advanced against the axially
drilled part of the rotating rod band a nut blank of the kind represented in
Figure 5 is thereby cut off the said rod by the cutting tool h, the chamfering tool
at the same time chamfering the edge of the part of the rod b adjacent to that from
which the nut blank is cut off The end of the rod b after the nut blank has been
cut off has the form represented in Figure 4 The tools h, t and stop having
been withdrawn, the drill e is again advanced and an axial hole is drilled in the
end of the rotating rod and the operations herein before described are repeated
until nearly the whole of the rod b projecting from the chuck d has been converted
into nut blanks The rod b is moved forward in the chuck from time to time until
the whole of it has been made into nut blanks
The holes in the nut blanks of the kind represented in Figure 5 having been
tapped as represented in Figure 6, the external form of the hexagonal nuts is
perfected if required by a grinding or shaping operation, but as the rod b from
which the hexagonal nuts are cut has externally the general figure of the finished
nuts little grinding or shaping is required to convert the nut-blank, Figure 5 into
the finished screw nut Figure 6 The screw nuts after their external figure has
been perfected may be polished

page_text: In making screw nuts from cylindrical rods of the kind represented in Figure 1
we proceed in the same manner as when hexagonal rods (or rods of other polygonal
figures) are used, but when the nut blanks are made from cylindrical rods they
require to be faced after they have been tapped to convert them into hexagonal
screw nuts
For this purpose a series of tapped screw blanks, cylindrical externally, is strung
or mounted and fixed side by side on a mandril or rod and their sides ground into
the required planes or faces The sides of the nuts are then polished
For the purpose of grinding the sides of the cylindrical nut blanks to convert
them into screw nuts and for perfecting the figure, if requned, of the hexagonal
nut blanks and for polishing if necessary, the sides of the hexagonal or other screw
nuts, we prefer to use the grinding and polishing machinery and appliances
described represented and claimed in the Specification of Letters Patent gianted to
us dated the 2nd day of February 1886 No 1558, but we do not limit ourselves
to the use of the said machinery and appliances as the sides of the nut blanks
made from cylindrical or other rods may be faced and polished in other ways and
by the use of other machinery and appliances
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said inven-
tion and the manner in which the same is to be performed we declare that we
claim as the said invention
The process or combination of processes hereinbefore described and illustrated
in the accompanying Drawings for the manufacture of sciew nuts
that is to say,
making screw nuts either from cylindrical solid 1ods or from solid rods having a
hexagonal or other polygonal figure in cross section, by axially drilling or cutting
a hole in the end of the rod, preferably of a length a little greater than the thick-
ness of the nut to be made, cutting off from the tubular end or part of the rod a
nut blank and converting the nut blanks thus made into screw nuts substantially
as described and illustrated
Dated this Seventh day of January 1890
JOSEPH IAMPTON
SAMUEL PARTRIDGE