Improvements in the Manufacture of Iron or Steel Buckles or Hoops for the Steel Laminated Draw and Buffing Springs of Railway Wagons and Carriages, and in Machinery to be used in the said Manufacture.
Year: 1897

page_text: Date of Application, 18th June, 1897
Complete Specification Left, 11th Feb., 1898-Accepted, 12th Mar., 1898
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Manufacture of Iron or Steel Buckles or Hoops
for the Steel Laminated Draw and Buffing Springs of Railway
Wagons and Carriages, and in Machinery to be used in the said
Manufacture.
We, JABEZ LONES and EDWARD HOLDEN, trading as Lones, Vernon and Holden,
of Sandwell Iron and Axle Works, Smethwick, in the County of Stafford, Manu-
facturers, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
:―
Iron or steel buckles or hoops for the said draw and buffing springs, as ordinarily
made, consist of parallel side bars welded together by cross pieces or angle pieces.
The bars thus welded together have a middle opening or buckle proper into which
the middle of the spring is passed and rivetted and are provided with end jaws
or forks through which bolts are passed for fastening the buckle or hoop to the rail-
way wagon or carriage.
Buckles or hoops of this kind are commonly called double jawed buckles or
hoops and are generally made of four bars welded together. Buckles or hoops for
the purpose described have sometimes only single jaws, that is, a jaw at one end
only of the bar.
Our invention consists in manufacturing iron or steel buckles or hoops for the
steel laminated draw and buffing springs of railway wagons and carriages princi-
pally by a rolling operation conducted in the manner and by the use of the
machinery hereinafter described, whereby weldless buckles or hoops are produced
and the liability of the parts to separate which frequently happens when they are
made of welded bars in the ordinary way is avoided.
We will describe our invention as applied to the manufacture of a double jawed
buckle or hoop, but our invention is also applicable to the manufacture of single
jawed buckles or hoops.
We take a heated billet of iron or steel and pass it through a series of grooves
of progressively diminishing size in one or more pairs of rolls so as to produce a
long bar having in cross section the figure of the letter Hand having in each face
a series of oblong depressions the bottoms of which are formed by the horizontal
web of the Hshaped bar. These oblong depressions are opposite each other in the
faces of the bar and are separated by cross pieces or bridges each bridge piece
passing into the depressions on either side of it by inclines. The depressions
described are of different widths a wide depression being situated between two
narrower depressions. From the wide depression the buckle or hoop proper which
encircles the laminated spring is made and from the narrower depressions at the
ends of it, the jaws of the buckle or hoop are made as hereinafter described.
A long H shaped bar of this kind having been rolled it is divided transversely
at the middle of each narrow depression into short lengths, each cut off piece
constituting a roughly formed buckle or hoop. By a piercing or punching opera-
tion the middle horizontal web forming the bottoms of the depressions in the faces

page_text: of the bar and also portions of the cross pieces or bridges of the bar are separated
from the other part of the bar and there is thus formed a partly made buckle or
hoop consisting of a middle opening, or the buckle or hoop proper, with a jaw at
either end of it, the three parts being separated by the cross pieces or bridges
described. The partly made buckles or hoops are finished in the ordinary way.
Instead of making the depressions on opposite faces of the rolled bar of different
widths as described, they may be made of the same width, that is, a continuous
depression, divided by cross pieces or bridges may be made in each face of the bar.
The machinery which we employ consists of one or more pairs of rolls having
in their peripheries grooves of a size and shape proper to roll the H shaped bar
herein before described, one half of the bar being rolled in one roll and the other
half in the other roll.
For the purpose of locking the pairs of rolls together and thereby ensuring that
the fashioning parts of one roll are brought opposite corresponding parts of the
"other roll, we gear the two rolls together by toothed gearing situated either at
one or at both ends of the barrels of the rolls or at the middles of the rolls. By
thus gearing the rolls together the accurate fashioning of the bar is obtained.
Dated this Eighteenth day of June 1897.
W. T. WHITEMAN,
Agent for the Applicants.
Improvements in the Manufacture of Iron or Steel Buckles or Hoops
for the Steel Laminated Draw and Buffing Springs of Railway
Wagons and Carriages, and in Machinery to be used in the said
Manufacture.
We, JABEZ LONES and EDWARD HOLDEN, trading as Lones, Vernon and Holden,
of Sandwell Iron and Axle Works, Smethwick, in the County of Stafford, Manu-
facturers, do hereby declare the nature of our invention and in what manner the
same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement:
Iron or steel buckles or hoops for the said draw and buffing springs as ordinarily
made, consist of parallel side bars welded together by cross pieces or angle pieces.
The bars thus welded together have a middle opening or buckle proper into which
the middle of the spring is passed and rivetted, and are provided with end jaws
or forks through which bolts are passed for fastening the buckle or hoop to the rail-
way wagon or carriage.
Buckles or hoops of this kind are commonly called double jawed buckles or
hoops and are generally made of four bars welded together. Buckles or hoops for
the purpose described have sometimes only single jaws, that is, a jaw at one end
only of the bar.
Our invention consists in manufacturing iron or steel buckles or hoops for the
steel laminated draw and buffing springs of railway wagons and carriages princi-
pally by a rolling operation conducted in the manner and by the use of the
machinery hereinafter described, whereby weldless buckles or hoops are produced
and the liability of the parts to separate which frequently happens when they are
made of welded bars in the ordinary way is avoided.
We will describe our invention as applied to the manufacture of a double jawed
buckle or hoop, but our invention is also applicable to the manufacture of single

page_text: jawed buckles or hoops and to jawless buckles or hoops for steel laminated bearing
springs.
We take a heated billet of iron or steel and pass it through a series of grooves
of progressively diminishing size in one or more pairs of rolls so as to produce a
long bar having in cross section the figure of the letter H and having in each face
a series of oblong depressions, the bottoms of which are formed by the horizontal
web of the Hshaped bar. These oblong depressions are opposite each other in the
faces of the bar and are separated by cross pieces or bridges, each bridge piece
passing into the depressions on either side of it by inclines. The depressions
described are of different widths a wide depression being situated between two
narrower depressions. From the wide depressions the buckle or hoop proper which
encircles the laminated spring is made and from the narrower depressions at the
ends of the said wide depressions the jaws of the buckle or hoop are made as
hereinafter described.
A long shaped bar of this kind having been rolled, it is divided transversely
at the. middle of each narrow depression into short lengths, each cut off piece
constituting a roughly formed buckle or hoop. By a piercing or punching opera-
tion, the middle horizontal web forming the middle of the depressions in the faces
of the bar and also portions of the cross pieces or bridges of the bar are separated
from the other part of the bar and there is thus formed a partly made buckle or
hoop consisting of a middle opening or the buckle or hoop proper with a jaw at
either end of it, the three parts being separated by the cross pieces or bridges
described. The partly made buckles or hoops are finished in the ordinary way.
Instead of making the depressions on opposite faces of the rolled bar of different
widths as described, they may be made of the same width, that is, a continuous
depression, divided by cross pieces or bridges may be made in each face of the bar.
The machinery which we employ consists of one or more pairs of rolls having
in their peripheries grooves of a size and shape proper to roll the H shaped bar
hereinbefore described, one half of the bar being rolled in one roll and the other
half in the other roll. For the purpose of locking the pairs of rolls together and
thereby ensuring that the fashioning parts of one roll are brought opposite corres-
ponding parts of the other roll, we gear the two rolls together by toothed gearing
situated either at one or at both ends of the barrels of the rolls or at the middles
of the rolls. By thus gearing the rolls together the accurate fashioning of the
bar is obtained.
We will now proceed to describe with reference to the accompanying drawings
the manner in which our invention is to be performed.
The
Figure 1 represents in side elevation; Figure 2 in cross section, taken on the
line y, y Figure 1, and Figure 3 in longitudinal section a pair of grooved, barrel
geared, rolls which we prefer to employ in rolling the H shaped bar from which
double jawed buckles or hoops for draw and buffing springs are to be made.
said rolls are provided with grooves of progressively diminishing size marked
respectively a, b, c and d for fashioning the bar one half of the bar being rolled
in one roll and the other half in the other roll. The two rolls are geared and
locked together at each end of their barrels by the toothed wheels f, g cast solid
with the said barrels and situated inside the housings of the rolls, but the toothed
wheels f, g may be made separate from and keyed to the barrels of the rolls; or
gearing wheels at one end only of the barrels or at the middle of the barrels may
be employed. By means of the said gearing wheels the barrels of the rolls are so
locked together that the fashioning parts of one roll are brought opposite, with
great exactness, corresponding parts of the other roll and the accurate fashioning
of the bar thereby obtained.
In rolling the H shaped bar from which double jawed buckles or hoops are to
be made by the use of the said pair of rolls we proceed as follows:-
We take a heated billet of iron or steel and pass it the required number of times
through the groove a of the rolls and thereby produce a long bar having the
sectional form represented in Figure 4 and then pass the rolled bar Figure 4 in
succession through the grooves b and c of the rolls so as to give the bar first the

page_text: sectional form represented in Figure 5 and afterwards that represented in Figure 6..
The rolled bar Figure 6 is next passed through the groove d of the rolls. The
acting parts of the said groove dare provided with projections e, e of different
lengths and widths, a short broad projection e alternating with a longer and
narrower projection e² as will be best seen by referring to the rolls Figures 1 and 2.
By passing the rolled bar Figure 6 through the groove d of the rolls, a shaped
bar of the sectional form represented in Figure 7 is produced. It will be seen that
the shaped bar has in each face a series of longitudinal depressions marked
respectively and i, the bottoms of which depressions are formed by the horizontal
web of the bar. The oblong longitudinal depressions h, h and i, i on the faces of
the bar are situated opposite each other and are of different widths and lengths, a
short wide depression being situated between two longer and narrower depres-
sions i, i. The said depressions h, i are separated by cross pieces or bridges 1, each
bridge piece passing into the depressions on either side of it by curves or inclines
as represented. From the wide depressions h, h, on opposite faces of the bar, the
buckle or hoop proper is made and from the narrower depressions i, i at the ends
of the depressions h, h, the jaws of the buckle or hoop are made as hereinafter
described.
The rolled shaped bar, with longitudinal depressions in its faces, is cut trans-
versely at the dotted lines m, m Figure 7 into short lengths or pieces of the kind
represented in section and plan in Figure 8, that is, the bar is divided transversely
at the middle of each narrow depression i in the bar, each cut off piece Figure 8
constituting a partly formed buckle or hoop.
The partly formed buckle or hoop Figure 8 is next subjected to a piercing or
punching operation whereby the middle horizontal web, forming the bottoms of
the depressions h, h and i, i, and also portions of the cross pieces or bridges 1, 1,
are pierced or punched from the other part of the bar and a nearly complete
double jawed buckle or hoop of the kind represented on a larger scale in side
elevation and plan in Figure 9 is thereby.made. That is to say, a 'buckle or hoop
is formed consisting of a middle opening or hoop proper marked n with a jaw p at
either end of it, the three parts n and p, p being separated by the cross pieces or
bridges 1, 1. The buckle or hoop is finished by drilling or punching bolt holes in
the jaws p, and rivet holes, for the spring, in the bridge pieces 1, las represented
in Figure 9.
.
Figure 10 represents in longitudinal section and Figure 11 in plan a railway
truck the draw and buffer spring of which is provided with a buckle or hoop made
according to our invention. In the said Figures 10 and 11, r is the steel laminated
spring passed through the buckle or hoop n and rivetted thereto, and s, s are the
bolts passed through the jaws of the buckle or hoop for fixing the ends of the
draw bar to the said buckle or hoop as represented.
Figure 12 represents in side elevation and plan, a buckle or hoop made according
to our invention having a single jaw only. In making this kind of buckle or hoop,
the depressions made in the faces of the H shaped bar by the last rolling stage are
somewhat modified from those already described; that is, instead of rolling alter-
nate long and short depressions in opposite faces of the bar, we roll groups of two
short wide depressions alternating with single longer and narrower depressions and
this bar is divided into short lengths by cutting the bar transversely at the middle
of each long depression and, between each pair or group of shorter depressions.
Each of these cut off pieces has a wide depression in each face extending along one
half of it and a narrow depression extending along the other half. The bottoms
of these depressions are pierced or punched out and the single jawed buckle or hoop
Figure 12 is thereby made.
The longitudinal depressions h, i in opposite faces of the bar Figure 7, or in
opposite faces of the modified bar described for single jawed buckles or hoops, may
be rolled of the same width. In this case each face of the bar has a long continuous
depression divided by cross pieces or bridges of the kind shown at 1, 1 Figure 7.
The last described kind of H shaped bar is suitable for the manufacture of jawless

page_text: buckles or hoops for laminated steel bearing springs of railway wagons and car-
riages, the cut off pieces, constituting partly formed buckles or hoops, being made
by dividing the H shaped bar transversely at the cross pieces or bridges of the
bar.
Figure 13 represents a cut off piece or partly made buckle or hoop of this kind
and Figure 14 represents the finished buckle or hoop drawn to a larger scale, formed
by piercing or punching the horizontal web or bottom k of the depressions (see
Figure 13) and thereby forming a nearly square buckle or hoop, rivet holes being
punched in opposite sides of the walls of the buckle for rivetting the spring to it.
In Figure 10 a jawless buckle or hoop marked t is shown in connection with the
steel laminated bearing spring u.
The piercing or punching tools we employ for removing the webs or bottoms of
the depressions in the cut off lengths of H shaped bar, are of the kind ordinarily
employed for similar operations, we therefore do not consider it necessary to describe
or represent the same.
Buckles or hoops for the laminated steel springs of railway wagons and carriages
made in the ways described and illustrated are weldless and the liability of the
parts to separate which frequently happens when they are made of welded bars in
the ordinary way is avoided and the manufacture of the said buckles or hoops is
economized.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our invention
and the manner in which the same is to be performed, we declare that we claim as
our invention of "Improvements in the manufacture of iron or steel buckles or
hoops for the steel laminated draw and buffing springs of railway waggons and
carriages and in machinery to be used in the said manufacture":-
First. Manufacturing iron or steel weldless buckles or hoops for the said springs
by rolling a long bar of iron or steel having in cross section the figure of the
letter Hand having in each face and opposite each other, a series of longitudinal
end to end depressions separated by cross pieces or bridges, and so dividing the
rolled bar transversely as to form therefrom short pieces or lengths suitable for
the production of either double jawed buckles or hoops, or single jawed buckles or
hoops and finally by a piercing or punching operation removing the middle hori-
zontal webs forming the bottoms of the depressions in the faces of the cut off
lengths or pieces, the process of manufacture being conducted substantially as
herein before described and illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
Secondly. Rolling the long H shaped bar having depressions in its faces
referred to in the first claim preferably by means of a pair or pairs of rolls the
barrels of which are locked together by gearing wheels and having shaping grooves
of the kinds herein before described and illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
Dated the Ninth day of February 1898.
JABEZ LONES.
EDWARD HOLDEN.