IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CUTTING TOOLS USED FOR ROUNDING, SURFACING, OR OTHERWISE OPERATING ON WOOD."
Year: 1857

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Joseph William Wilson, of Banbury, in the County
of Oxford, Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CUTTING
TOOLS USED FOR ROUNDING, SURFACING, OR OTHERWISE OPERATING ON WOOD."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Joseph William Wilson
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
25th March 1857.
I, JOSEPH WILLIAM WILSON, of Banbury, in the County of Oxford, Engineer,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE CUTTING TOOLS USED FOR ROUNDING, SURFACING, OR OTHERWISE OPERATING ON
Woon," to be as follows:-
My Invention of improvements in the cutting tools used for rounding, sur-
facing, or otherwise operating on wood, relates to the peculiar construction
and form of those tools, and are intended as substitutes for the gouges and
chisels used for turning, planing, rounding, or otherwise cutting that material.
The gouge or instrument for taking the first or rough cut I form of a tube of
steel, and grind or otherwise bevil the end from the outside to form the cutting
édge all round. This tool may be used as a hand gouge for turning, or fixed
in a machine for taking the first cut of the wood.

page_text: The chisel for smoothing I form of a disc of steel, bevilled all round on one
side to form the cutting edge. This smoothing tool is only applicable for use
in machines. The advantage of these tools are, that a great extent of cutting
elge is obtained, and so that by turning them round a little a keen edge
is always presented. This may be done either by hand occasionally or by the
action of the machine.
The disc tool is mounted on an axis on which it can be rotated, and the
gouge or tube tool in a suitable rotating socket for the same purpose.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Joseph William Wilson in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 24th September 1857.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOSEPII
WILLIAM WILSON, of Banbury, in the County of Oxford, Engineer, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-fifth day of March, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-seven, in the twentieth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said Joseph William Wilson, Her special licence that I, the said
Joseph William Wilson, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such
others as I, the said Joseph William Wilson, my executors, administra-
tors, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time
to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed,
should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United
Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man,
an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CUTTING TOOLS USED FOR ROUNDING,
SURFACING, OR OTHERWISE OPERATING ON WOOD," upon the condition (amongst
others) that I, the said Joseph William Wilson, my executors or administra-
tors, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands
and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause
the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months
next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Joseph William Wilson, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is

page_text: to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement, reference being had to the Sheet of Drawings hercunto
annexed, and to the letters and figures marked thereon (that is to say):-
My Invention of improvements in the cutting tools used for rounding,
surfacing, or otherwise operating on wood, relates to the peculiar construction
and form of those tools, and are intended as substitutes for the
gouges, chisels,
or other cutting instruments used for turning, planing, rounding, or otherwiso
cutting the material.
The gouge or instrument for taking the first or rough cut I form of a tube
of steel, and grind or otherwise bevil the end from the outside to form the
cutting edge all round. This tool may be used as a, hand gouge for turning,
or, fixed in a machine, and may be used separately or in combination with
a chisel or smoothing tool, herein-after described. The chisel for smoothing
I form of a disc of steel, bevilled all round on one side to form the cutting
edge. This smoothing tool is principally applicable for use in self-acting
machines, but may also be used by hand.
The advantage of these tools are, that a great extent of cutting edge is
obtained, and so that by turning them round a little a keen edge is always
presented. This may be done either by hand occasionally or by the action of
the machine.
The disc tool is mounted on an axis on which it can be rotated, and the
gouge or tube tool in a suitable rotating socket for the same purpose.
DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS.
Fig. 1 is an end view, Fig. 2 an external side view, and Fig. 3 a
longitudinal section, of the gouge formed according to my Invention. As will
be observed, it consists of a tube of steel a, bevilled at one end, as at b, so as
to produce a sharp cutting edge, as in a gouge, which is presented to and cuts
the wood in the same manner as that instrument. In Fig. 3 it is représented
as in a position for turning a piece of wood c as in a lathe.
For this purpose, when it consists of a short tube, such as represented in the
Drawings, I support and secure it in a collar or bearing, in which it is free to
turn round on its axis. The collar support I mount on a face plate, slide rest,
or other suitable support, to enable it to act on the wood as required. For
turning wood in a lathe, this instrument is also applicable as a hand gouge,
for which purpose I form it of smaller diameter and of greater length, and
finish it with a suitable tang and handle for holding it by. The interior of
the tube should have a free passage through, and be large enough to allow

page_text: shavings.
pass mocy and provincoming CHURCH WIN
The gouge, as described and represented, is adapted for other uses than
.turning, such as planing surfaces by machine, or for rounding, or otherwise
acting as a gouge on the wood under operation.
This form of tool presents a great extent of cutting edge, and therefore
need not be removed so frequently from the machine for sharpening as ordi-
nary tools, while at the same time, by turning them round gradually or by a
little at a time, a fresh cutting edge is constantly presented to the wood until
the instrument has made a complete turn. This turning of the gouge may
.be done either by hand, a little at a time, or a ratchet wheel or other gear
may be placed in connection with the bearing socket of the tool, whereby it is
caused to rotate slowly by the action of the machine in a self-acting manner.
The bearing socket may be stationary or moveable, so as to present and
move the gouge according to the cutting purpose required.
Fig. 4 represents an edge view, and Fig. 5 a side view, of a smoothing
tool, formed and mounted according to my Invention. In these Figures it
is represented as applied in turning or rounding, for which, perhaps, this tool
is best adapted, but it may be applied as a smoothing tool in other operations
of wood cutting.
It consists of a disc of steel d; bevilled from the one side, so as to form a
cutting edge all round on the other side. It is mounted on a spindle e, e, and
may be supported on centres or in suitable bearings, and carried by a slide,
whereby it is traversed along the piece of wood f under operation; or the
wood may be traversed across the face of the tool, and at the same time caused
to rotate; or the tool may be caused to move round the wood and the wood
simply traverse pass the tool. If supported on centres, or otherwise freely
mounted, the action of cutting may induce a slow rotary motion of the tool,
and which will thereby constantly bring up a fresh cutting edge; or the tool
may be turned by the self-action of the machine, some moving part thereof
'communicating the requisite motion to its axis; or the tool itself may be
occasionally caused to rotate on its axis e by hand.
Having described the nature of my Invention, and the manner of perform-
ing the same, I declare that what I claim as my Invention, and desire to
secure by the herein-before in part recited Letters Patent, is,―
First, a cylindrical gouge formed of a tube and having a cutting edge all
-round, applied as and for the purposes herein-before described.
Secondly, I claim a smoothing tool for cutting wood formed of a disc or

page_text: circular piece of steel having a cutting edge all round, applied as and for the
purposes herein-before described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Joseph William Wilson, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this 22nd day of September, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-seven.
JOSEPH WILLIAM (L.S.) WILSON.