IMPROVEMENTS ON MOLDING AND CARVING MACHINES, AND CUTTING TOOLS OR BITS THEREFOR
Year: 1878

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Lionel Varicas, of 2+, Chancery Lane, in the County of
Middlesex, Patent Agent, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS ON MOLDING
AND CARVING MACHINES, AND CUTTING TOOLS OR BITS THEREFOR."
A. com-
munication from abroad by William Howard Doane, of Cincinnati, in the
County of Hamilton, and State of Ohio, United States of America.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION filed by the said Lionel Varicas at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 9th October 1878.
LIONEL VARICAS, of No. 24, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Patent
Agent.
"IMPROVEMENTS ON MOLDING AND CARVING MACHINES, AND: CUTTING
TOOLS OR BITS THEREFOR." A communication froin abroad by William Howard
Doane, of Cincinnati, in the County of Hamilton, and State of Ohio, United States
of America.
This Invention relates to machines for cutting moldings on the edges of wood-
work and for formning projecting or receding molded panels on the faces thereof,
patterns or templets being used to ensure accurate and uniform work by the
cutting tool, and it has reference more particularly to machines of this kind where
cutting tools are used having a separate spindle or shank adapted to be chucked
on to the driving arbor of the machine, although some features of the Invention
may be used on machines where the cutter head is directly secured to the driving.
arbor.
One object of the Invention is to support the spindle of the cutting tool both
above and below the cutters, to which end one feature of the Invention consists of
certain combinations and arrangements of the driving arbor of the machine, the
spindle of the cutting tool adapted to be chucked or secured to the driving arbor
with one end, and a bearing for supporting the other elongated end of said tool
spindle. By reason of this construction the workman may use cutters either above
or below the pattern, and the tool spindle is so rigidly supported that a much
Posing S31

page_text: heavier cut may be made than on machines of this character where the tool spindle
is supported at one end only..
Another object of this Invention is to provide for these machines a very smooth-
cutting and light-running carving bit that shall neither raise the edge of the veneer
in cutting veneered stuff, nor tend to burn the wood by reason of overheating
caused by defective clearance. To this end the improved carving bit is made out
of a solid bar of steel, on one end of which a stirrup-like cutter head is formed with
cutting edges on both the side and base bars of the stirrup adapted to cut in either
direction, the opening through the head giving the necessary clearance for the chips,
and affording the opportunity of filing the principal cutting edges on the interior
sides, so that the exterior sides need not be touched by the file.
In the accompanying Drawings,-
Figure 1 is a partly sectionized side elevation of so much of a machine for carving
and molding wood as requires to be shown for the purpose of clearly exhibiting
the Invention set forth.
Figures 2 and 3 are detail views of detached parts of the machine.
Figures 4, 5, 6, and 7 represent different views of the improved carving bit.
The same letters of reference indicate corresponding parts in all the Figures.
A refers to the C shaped stand or frame of the machine, in the front portion of
the base of which a socket is formed for the reception of the post B₁ of the table B.
The post B of the table is connected by a wrist pin b projecting laterally through
a vertical slot a in the stand to a lever D pivotted on the stand, and. adapted to be
locked at any point of its range of motion on a rack E. By means of this lever
the table B can be conveniently raised and lowered as required. The overhanging
portion or bracket arm of the C shaped frame terminates in a head F, which forms
a bearing for the arbor G, which is provided with a pulley G' for driving it.
In the example shewn the arbor G consists in part of a split tube I adapted to
receive and frictionally grasp the upper end of the spindle H of the cutting tool so
that it may drive the same. The tool spindle H has a collar h to form an abutment
for the rings or washers K, against which the cutters L are seated, and held there
by means of a nut M. The tool spindle H is extended beyond the screw-threaded
portion which receives nut M, and this extension H thereof may enter a sleeve
bearing N fitted in a box O in the table B. The box O has a cavity in its upper
side to allow the nut M to sink below the surface of the table B, and the sleeve
bearing N can be vertically adjusted in box O to accommodate itself to the relative
positions of table B and extension H¹ of tool spindle H. The sleeve bearing may
be secured by a set screw n, as shewn, or in any other suitable manner admitting of
its withdrawal through the bottom of box O.
It will be observed that on drawing the bearing N off the extension H¹ of the
tool spindle the latter with its cutters can be readily detached from arbor G and
from the machine, and another tool substituted.
The carving bit is made of a solid bar of steel, and is composed of a shank c to
be taken hold of by a chuck or driving spindle socket and a cutter head fashioned
out of the bar at one end thereof to a stirrup-like form. The side bars d, d, of
this stirrup bit are rounded exteriorly, and are sharpened to cut with either
edge.
These side cutters are preferably made somewhat tapering, as best seen in
Figure 6, so that they will operate with a shear cut. They are in this instance
regularly curved at their lower ends to meet the base bar e, aud they terminate
abruptly in downwardly projecting lips f, the lower or horizontal edges of which
are flush with and in the plane of the lower cutting edge of the base bar e. The
horizontal cutting edges of the base bar e and lips together constitute an
Hshaped base cutter for smoothing the bottom of a panel or carved surface. The
exterior vertical faces of the lips are rounded, and their vertical edges on either
side are ground or sharpened. The base bar e has the form of a knife edge in cross
section; the contour of the side cutters may of course be varied to produce any
required moulding.

page_text: It will be observed that by reason of the opening clear through this stirrup bit
the side cutters can be conveniently sharpened on the interior faces, and the base
cutters are also so arranged that they can be readily ground or sharpened. The
clear opening through the stirrup also affords special facilities for the clearance of
the chips, a very important matter.
In case the arbor is arranged under the table, projecting through an opening
therein from beneath, the extension of the tool spindle will be supported in a
bearing in the bracket arm or other support overhanging the table.
The socketed box and bearing fitted therein may be used with advantage on
machines where the cutter head is fitted on an elongation of the driving arbor
instead of on a separate spindle, said elongation being then supported at its extreme
end in such bearing.
CLAIMS.
1st. In a machine for moulding and carving wood, the combination, substantially
as specified, of the driving arbor, the spindle of the removable cutting tool, and the
bearing which supports the extended end of the tool spindle, whose other end is
secured to the driving arbor.
2nd. In a machine for moulding and carving wood, the combination, substantially
as specified, of the extension of the cutter spindle, the socketed box in the table,
and the bearing fitted in said box.
3rd. In a machine for moulding and carving wood, the combination, substantially
as specified, of the extension of the cutter spindle, the socketed box in the table,
and the adjustable and removable bearing fitted in said box.
4th. The carving bit composed, substantially as before set forth, of a shank and a
stirrup-shaped cutter head.
In witness whereof, I, the said Lionel Varicas, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this Ninth day of October, in the year of our Lord One thousand
eight hundred and seventy-eight.
LIONEL VARICAS. (L.S.)