matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF AND MEANS FOR SHAPING AND FINISHING HAT BRIMS
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Cook at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 29th July 1880.
GEORGE COOK, of Hooley Hill, in the County of Lancaster, Hat Manufacturer.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF AND MEANS FOR SHAPING AND FINISHING
HAT BRIMS."
My Invention relates to the felt hats which in the finishing processes have their
brims formed with round curled edges. Previously to my Invention the curling
of these edges has been effected wholly or principally by hand labor. To lessen the
cost of production of the said hats is the object of my Invention. I use a plate
which is formed with a central opening which admits the hat body; the outer
edge of this plate is made thicker at the sides than at the two ends, and is tapered
off gradually from the sides to the ends. The edges of the sides are rounded to suit
the intended curl of the hat brim. I place this plate in position on the hat body
and subject the hat to the operation of the machine which moulds the brim.
I then, without removing the said plate, transfer the hat to the ironing down
machine. When the hat is withdrawn from the latter machine, the said plate is
removed and the curled brim requires comparatively little hand labor to impart to it
the required set.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MECHANISM OR ACTION OF PIANOFORTES
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alexander Specht at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 29th November 1880. A communication
from abroad by Friedrich Buschmann, of Harburg, in the kingdom of
Prussia.
ALEXANDER SPECHT, of the firm of Specht, Ziese, & Co., Civil Engineers and
Patent Agents, of Hamburg. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MECHANISM OR ACTION
OF PIANOFORTES." [A communication from abroad by Friedrich Buschmann, of
Harburg, in the kingdom of Prussia.]
This Invention is designed to produce a more simplified pianoforte action by
means of removing the complicated double action mechanisms and reducing the
moving parts in the pianoforte for the purpose of lessening friction and wear and
tear.
The hammer, made with a peculiar butt, is suspended by a hinge between the
butt and the strings. The butt rests directly on the felt covered head of the key,
which latter is made to raise or lower by a screw. The hammer is moved directly
against the string by means of the impulse given by the depression of the key at
the opposite end to that upon which the butt rests, and this movement is limited
by an adjusting screw controlling the upward movement of the felt covered head
against the butt, and the strength of the tone is directly dependent on the more or
less impulse given to the key.
The falling back of a hammer is effected by means of a spiral spring between a
portion of the frame and the back of the gut, this also being adjusted by a screw
within the hammer butt.
Pianoforte actions now in use do not admit of the same note being struck twice.
in succession unless the hammer has fallen back into its original position and the
hopper can again engage into its notch, which circumstances do not allow of the
quick repetition of the same note.
This disadvantage is entirely obviated by this Invention, as the hammer during
the repetition remains in a position close to the string, by means of which not only
the manner of playing is rendered easier but also the ability of repetition is
enlarged.

page_text: The damper mechanism is arranged right over the hammer, permitting the latter
to move freely underneath. The sticker is straight, rests without being fastened
with its lower end directly on the key, and with its upper end also loose in the
damper piece, which is connected with the damper rail by a piece serving as
fulcrum for the damper piece which is caused by its own weight to drop against the
string.
The damper mechanism which is connected in the usual manner with the pedal
may be adjusted by a nut on the sticker.
IMPROVEMENT IN WRITING INSTRUMENTS
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Edward Wiley at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 3rd March 1880.
WILLIAM EDWARD WILEY, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick.
"IMPROVEMENT IN WRITING INSTRUMENTS."
My Invention relates to fountain ink pencils and penholders made in any
suitable material, such as hard india rubber, metal, or glass, and consists of two
parts. By the first part I make the air apparatus to consist of a central tube
carrying a wire, which passes through the point of the writing pencil and pen-
holder. This tube has a screwed cap at the top about half an inch long, the use
of which is to regulate the admission of the air to the ink reservoir, and at the
same time to regulate the power of the spring on the wire point, the wire bearing
a stop piece at the bottom of the tube. The second part of my Invention consists
in regulating the flow of ink to the point or nibs by admitting the air to replace
the ink in the reservoir through a tube leading from near the point to the top of the ink
reservoir, and connected with another tube terminating inside of the ink reservoir,
within about half an inch of the air entrance, the two tubes being joined at the top
by a small metal box with a screw cap or otherwise, so as to form an air chamber.
By these means I am able to make the pencil or penholder in two parts, the one
for the ink reservoir and the other for the air apparatus (the air tubes and air
chamber being attached to the screwed point of the pencil or penholder); and I
am able to dispense with caps, screws, or valves to regulate the supply of air. The
ink reservoir may consist of one tube without joint or soldering.
IMPROVEMENTS IN FLESUING AND CLEANING THE SKINS OR HIDES OF ANIMALS, AND ALSO IN UNHAIRING THE SAME
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Sauveur Gase and Auguste Mader
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 22nd March 1880.
SAUVEUR GASC and AUGUSTE MADER, both residing at 33, Rue des Ecoles,
Paris, in the Republic of France. "IMPROVEMENTS IN FLESUING AND CLEANING
THE SKINS OR HIDES OF ANIMALS, AND ALSO IN UNHAIRING THE SAME."
This Invention relates to an improved method of treating skins or hides, so as to
facilitate the fleshing and cleaning of the same, and it consists in applying liquid
potassium, either pure or mixed with water, to the fleshy side of the skin. This
application of liquid potassium is very effective, and skins so treated, instead of
requiring 15 days to flesh and clean, require from 2 to 3 hours only, neither the skin
nor the wool being in any way deteriorated.
The liquid potassium is also employed for unhairing the skins or hides of animals
in the operations of leather dressing, tanning, and fur dressing, for which purpose it
is applied to the inner surface of the skins or hides.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SOUND ARTICULATORS OR INSTRUMENTS TO ASSIST THE SENSE OF HEARING THROUGH THE TEETH OR BONES OF THE HEAD
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Clark at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 12th May 1880. A communication from
abroad by Orel Dighton Orvis, of Chicago, in the County of Cook, State of
Illinois, United States of America.
WILLIAM CLARK, of 53, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Patent
Agent. "IMPROVEMENTS IN SOUND ARTICULATORS OR INSTRUMENTS TO ASSIST
THE SENSE OF HEARING THROUGH THE TEETH OR BONES OF
THE HEAD."
[A communication from abroad by Orel Dighton Orvis, of Chicago, in the County
of Cook, State of Illinois, United States of America.]
This improved sound articulator approximates as usual in form to that of a
non-folding fan, but is made of two sensitive vibratory plates in lieu of a single
plate heretofore used. Those two plates overlie each other face to face, and one is
somewhat larger than the other. The larger plate is preferably circular, while the
smaller one is of shield shape or has a section cut away to permit of the larger
plate being placed against the teeth without making contact with the smaller plate.
This smaller plate is connected at its four corners with the larger plate by loops of
silk thread or fine wire, and small rings or eyes are also attached to the inner face
of the plate at the four corners. Through each horizontal pair of these eyes a cord
is passed in double loops so as to give the effect of a compound pulley, and the ends
of these cords from both pairs of eyes pass through a ring encircling the handle,
and converge together and connect to a tassel hanging from the handle. Now by
seizing the tassel and straining the cords, both plates become convexed in opposite
directions and bowed out of contact with each other, thus forming a resonant air
cavity between the two convexed plates, and presenting a resonant convex surface
to the surrounding air on two sides. The instrument is thus sensitive to sound
waves from all directions, and the vibrations of one plate will be conveyed to and
reinforced by the other, thus enabling the person to hear sounds with more
distinctness and from whatever direction emitted, which former instruments have
not perfectly accomplished.
The cords when strained are held at the required tension by slipping the ring
upon a tapering enlargement on the handle, and thus clamping the cords between
said tapering part and the ring, and by slipping the ring back on the narrowing
part of the taper the cords are released, and the plates allowed to flatten close upon
each other when the instrument is not required for use.
IMPROVEMENTS IN DIGGING MACHINERY
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Arthur Barrett and Frederick
Henry Faviell at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 6th
December 1880.
CHARLES ARTHUR BARRETT, of Barbican, and FREDERICK HENRY FAVIELL,
of Walbrook, both in the City of London. "IMPROVEMENTS IN DIGGING
MACHINERY."
The object of this Invention is for the purpose of digging land by steam, manual,
or other motive power.
This improved construction and arrangement of digging machine advantageously
consists of a portable or traction steam engine and boiler combined with digging tools
or instruments attached at one end.
The engine may be vertical, horizontal, or of any other design most suitable for
the size and construction of the machine required, being made of any suitable width.
Any part of the digging apparatus is so arranged that it can be taken off or
removed when required.
The required speeds for the digging apparatus as well as for locomotion are
obtained by means of intermediate shafts in the usual manner.
.
The machine is steered in like manner to a traction engine, and the digging
apparatus may consist of any suitable number of forks, spades, or tines, according to
the size of the machine employed and the nature of the ground to be dug.
The forks, spades, or tines move up and down and are guided in side frames or
other motion bars either by means of a rack and cog wheel, can, or by cranks and
connecting rods actuated from an intermediate shaft or otherwise.
After the forks, tines, or spades have entered the ground at any suitable angle
and to the required depth (which may be regulated), the earth is turned over, this
action being effected by the head of the forks, tines, or spades being stopped or
arrested by the bottom of the motion bars, side-plates, or otherwise before the racks
or cranks bave attained their maximum length of stroke.
The side frames are so arranged that the depth of the spit can be regulated by
connecting rods or other means capable of adjustment.
IMPROVEMENTS IN HOT WATER APPARATUS
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edwin Senior Sheard and John
Alfred Denton and George Firth at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents
on the 9th October 1880.
EDWIN SENIOR SHEARD and JOHN ALFRED DENTON, of Batley Carr, and GEORGE
FIRTH, of Dewsbury Moor, all in the County of York. "IMPROVEMENTS IN HOT
WATER APPARATUS."
This Invention relates to hot water apparatus for heating greenhouses, baths, or
other purposes, and our improvements consist in constructing the boiler of the
apparatus in such a manner as to render it convenient and inexpensive, more
particularly for small structures.
The boiler consists of a hollow copper casing of rectangular form having one side
open. Across the open side are a series of pipes for the circulation of the water,
and at right angles to these pipes are connected other pipes extending to the opposite
side of the boiler. Thus constructed the boiler forms a double sided box containing
a number of vertical pipes, and a smaller number of horizontal pipes. The boiler
is surrounded by an iron casing, large enough to leave sufficient air space round
the outside of the boiler, and the sides of the casing are carried so far upwards as
to form a water cistern open to the atmosphere. The flow and return pipes are
connected to the top and bottom of the boiler in the usual manner.
The water is
heated preferably by a gas stove or burner placed underneath the boiler, a plug
being provided in the casing to allow of the same being lighted. Air is admitted
by means of a side pipe, and the fumes are carried off by a pipe or chimney at the
top, which also passes through the water cistern. The heat of the boiler causes the
water in the cistern to evaporate, and so keep the atmosphere moist.
AN IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR FILTERING WINES, SPIRITS, AND OTHER LIQUORS, AT THE SAME TIME AS THEY ARE DRAWN OFF FROM THE CASK
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Salfrais at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 19th January 1880.
JOSEPH SALFRAIS, of 71, Norfolk Terrace, Bayswater, in the County of
Middlesex, Wine Merchant. "AN IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR FILTERING WINES,
SPIRITS, AND OTHER LIQUORS, AT THE SAME TIME AS THEY ARE DRAWN OFF
FROM THE CASK."
I place at the bottom of a cask of wine, spirits, or other liquor a metallic tube,
usually from one to six inches in diameter, and perforated throughout its length
with numerous small holes. The tube is closed at one end, and at the other end is
a nozzle which is connected with a metallic pipe in the form of a syphon, the most
convenient mode of connection being by means of a short piece of india rubber
tubing. Such pipe passes through the bung hole and descends into any vessel
desired to be filled. The perforated tube is closely wrapped round with paper or
other sufficiently porous material. The wine, spirit, or other liquor filters into the
tube through the perforations, and is drawn off by syphon action in the usual way.
The perforated tube lies horizontally close to the bottom of the cask, and in this
way the entire contents of the cask may be drawn off perfectly clear and bright
without loss of quantity or strength.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR ATTACHING AIR VESSELS OR OTHER LIFTING AGENTS TO SUNKEN SHIPS FOR RAISING AND FLOATING THEM
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Robert Mowbray and Edward
Murley at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 3rd March
1880.
WILLIAM ROBERT MOWBRAY and EDWARD MURLEY, both of 60, Whitefriargate,
Hull, in the County of Yorkshire. "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR ATTACHING
AIR VESSELS OR OTHER LIFTING AGENTS TO SUNKEN SHIPS FOR RAISING AND
FLOATING THEM."
In carrying our Invention into effect we use tubes of suitable material, form,
and dimensions capable of being sunk, and when attached to or placed inside the
ship we pump air into them to cause buoyancy. After inserting as many tubes or
air bags inside the ship as possible we lower as many tubes onto the deck (after
clearing it) as will cover it, arranged side by side lengthwise on.
We then pass entirely round the ship one or more chains or wire ropes, allowing
it or them to pass under the bilge when practicable.
These we haul taut by means of screw connections, and on each we fix a guage
to denote the amount of strain to which it is subjected.
We then pass ropes or other agent across the deck and bulwarks under and over
the tubes about 18 inches apart, more or less, to suit the case.
To each end of
each of these ropes we attach a lever in the form of a right or other angle, having
the fulcrum very near to the end to which these ropes are attached. The fulcrum,
when necessary, is supplied with a toothed clamp on hinges.
The teeth impinge on the side of the ship and butt against any projection, so
that the clamp may be as near as possible opposite the ends of the deck timbers,
her strongest part.
The other end of the lever hangs down the ship's side, and is shackled to
one or other of the longitudinal ropes which pass round the outside of the ship's
bottom.
As they are made fast we pump air into the tubes, which puts a strain on the
short end of the levers, causing the clamps on the fulcrums to grip the ship, the
long end being held down by the longitudinal rope. We continue to fasten to
one of these ropes until the guage shews as much strain as is safe, when we proceed
to use the nut, and so on. We can attach more than one tier of tubes, and we
also attach them to any available secure fastening on the ship when necessary. If
the ship should lie on her broadside we attach tubes in such a manner as to right
her before making all the attachments.
MENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION AND MANUFACTURE OF UMBRELLAS, PARASOLS, AND SUN SHADES
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Julius Emden at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 13th February 1880.
"8
IMPROVE-
JULIUS EMDEN, of Hamburg, Germany, Umbrella Manufacturer.
MENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION AND MANUFACTURE OF UMBRELLAS, PARASOLS, AND
SUN SHADES."
This Invention consists of improvements in the construction and manufacture
of umbrellas, parasols, and sun shades, and has reference to the runner, top notch,
and cup.
To carry out my Invention I make a tube of suitable length, to the top end of
which I fix the notch with indentations or receptacles to receive the ends of the
stretchers; at the other end of the tube is an annular ring, and on the outside
of the same I fix a tip cup for the purpose of receiving the tips or ends of the
ribs of the umbrella, parasol, or sun shade; a spring is coiled round the inside of
the annular ring for the purpose of releasing the tips when desired.
It will thus be seen that the runner, notch, and cup, is in one piece, and is
capable of sliding up and down freely, and that on opening the umbrella the cup
is slightly pulled back, and by means of the spring the tips of the ribs are released,
and then by pushing the tubo the umbrella is easily opened and as easily shut.
The notch is connected or joined to the tube, by which it is made into a runner
by soldering.
By this combination of cup, runner, and notch, an improved appearance is
given to the umbrella, parasol, and sun shade, and it is easy and simplo in its
manufacture.
The length of the tube is so arranged that the stretchiers and ribs of the ordinary
length can be used.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS USED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF FELT AND OTHER HATS
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joshua Taylor at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 29th June 1880.
Joshua Taylor, of Dukinfield, in the County of Chester. "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY OR APPARATUS USED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF FELT AND OTHER
HATS."
This Invention relates, first, to the construction of a block to be used on the lathe
and setting frames of hat making machinery, whereby the necessity of having
different blocks to suit different shapes and sizes of hats is obviated, and oue singlo
block rendered capable of being used for all shapes and sizes. This improved
block consists of an internal metallic box from which branch out four or more sets
of spring slides having suitably curved metallic plates at their outer extremities,
and, which constitute the adjustable sides of the block; the top of the block,
consisting of a suitably curved plate, is mounted on a screw and is capable of being
set and fixed at any desired height by a lock nut.
This Invention further relates to improvements in machinery for ironing and
paring what are known as "Anglesea curls," and consists in applying a screw to
the under side of the ordinary lathe, and in having the irons mounted on suitable
slides so as to be capable of being heated when at a distance apart, and of being
drawn up close to the sides of the block secured to the lathe, and upon which the
hat is supported, and by means of which screw the latho plate is raised up into
contact with the heated irons (such lathe plate being prevented turning meau while
by a suitable catch) so as to press and burn the curl of the hat whilst supported
upon such block.
Further, this Invention relates to an improved arrangement of mechanism for
paring the "Anglesea curl," and consists of a suitable metallic ring slipped on to
the body of the hat, and the outside surface of which ring is so shaped as to act as
a guide for the paring knife, which is supported in a suitable frame, and held
stationary against the shaped surface of the ring whilst the lathe is caused to
revolve and so the paring operation is performed.
A modification of this part of my Invention is also applicable for curling the
brim of hats.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PROCESS OF AND APPARATUS FOR CONTINUOUS ELECTROLYTIC ACTION
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Denton Abel at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 18th May 1880. A communication
from abroad by Leonhard Wollheim, of Vienna, in the Austrian Empire.
CHARLES DENTON ABEL, of No. 28, Southampton Buildings, Chancery Lane,
in the County of Middlesex. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PROCESS OF AND APPARATUS
FOR CONTINUOUS ELECTROLYTIC ACTION." [A communication from abroad by
Leonhard Wollheim, of Vienna, in the Austrian Empire.]
This Invention has for its object to obtain from liquids that are subjected to
electrolytic action the continuous separation of the non-metallic solid products of
decomposition. For this purpose a long, narrow, but deep trough containing two
plates forming the electrodes, of a size corresponding to that of the trough, has
at one end near the top the inlet orifice for the liquid to be acted upon, while at
the bottom of the other end it has two outlet apertures, one close to each electrode.
In some cases where necessary a diaphragm is provided between the electrodes. In
operating with this apparatus the liquid to be acted on is made to flow in con-
tinuously through the inlet aperture, and in passing along between the two
electrodes it is decomposed in proportion to the strength of the electric current.
The metallic constituents are deposited upon the respective electrodes, while those
non-metallic products that do not escapo as gases, descend to the bottom of the
trough and escape through the outlet apertures; those of the said products that
are separated at the one electrode being carried off through the one orifice, while
those that are separated at the other electrode are carried off through the other
orifice; each description of products being led thence through a separate channel
to wherever required for further treatment. The bottom of the trough may have
two longitudinal channels formed in it, one beneath each electrode, for the
collection of the said products.
By the employment of the above described continuous electrolytic process in
place of that usually employed the following advantages are obtained :-By this
means, no diaphragm being used, the weakening of the conducting power resulting
from its use is avoided; the weakening of the strength of the electric current by
polarisation does not take place to the same extent as with the usual arrangement,
because the flow of liquid through the trough continually removes the deposited
products from the electrodes; and lastly, this mode of operating, by its continuous
nature, alone allows of the production of the said products of decomposition on a
manufacturing scale.
A NEW OR IMPROVED PROCESS AND COMPOUND FOR MARKING OR DECORATING VITREOUS OR GLAZED SURFACES
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Octave Vallette at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 18th December 1880.
OCTAVE VALLETTE, of Paris, in the Republic of France. "A NEW OR IMPROVED
PROCESS AND COMPOUND FOR MARKING OR DECORATING VITREOUS OR GLAZED
SURFACES."
My Invention has for its object to produce inalterable impressions or patterns on
glass, crystal and enamelled surfaces, and it consists, first, in carefully mixing
together vitrifiable colour in the shape of powder, borax, and some fatty substance,
by placing these ingredients on marble, or a strong glass plate, crushing them
by means of a roller in the usual manner, so as to form a complete mixture, the
product being then filled in a flask and the latter hermetically closed. Before
applying the mixture to the articles to be marked or ornamented, it is necessary
to remove all greasy matter from the same. A stamp or press block of suitable
dimensions is procured, consisting of a glycerole of gelatine applied to a wooden
or metallic plate projecting about 1 centimeter over the latter.
The ornaments, patterns, or impressions, should be raised about a few millimeters
above the ground of the stamp or press block.
A suitable quantity of the compound is poured on a marble plate, a hand roller
is passed over it and impregnated with the compound, the said 'roller is then
passed over the stamp or press block, the raised portions of which take up the
said compound.
The objects to be ornamented or marked are then rolled over the stamp or press
block.
The incrustation is produced on the articles by placing them after the above
treatment in a muffle, closing the latter hermetically and heating it to a temperature
approaching the smelting point of its contents. The heating is then discontinued
and the muffle left to cool before the objects are removed.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING PILE FABRICS
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Henry Holmes at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 12th January 1880.
WILLIAM HENRY HOLMES, of Lindley, near Huddersfield, in the County of York.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING PILE FABRICS."
This Invention relates to looms for weaving pile fabrics, and its object is to stop
and restart the loom by self-acting mechanism, and allow time for the pile to be cut,
and the wires or rods to be withdrawn and introduced again; and the improve-
ments consist,—
Firstly. To the method of stopping the loom, which I. accomplish by an arrange-
ment of wheels driven from the crank shaft or other part of the loom. On the face
of one of these wheels is a stud or projection, which at each revolution comes in
contact with a tilt or hinged projection attached to a sliding bar connected with
the strap guide, which when slided in one direction stops the loom. These wheels
and studs are so arranged that any required number of picks may be made
between each stoppage of the loom; and the tilt or hinged projection on the sliding
bar has its fulcrum at one end, so that it becomes no impediment when the loom is
reversed.
Secondly. The Invention relates to the method of starting the loom after it has
been stopped for the introduction and withdrawal of the wires referred to, and this
I accomplish by an arrangement of levers and springs, for convenience placed upon
the top front rail of the loom, so that when the attendant is cutting the pile the
said levers are acted upon by a peg on his cutting instrument, which immediately
releases the levers from a holding catch, and by the aid of a spring the levers are
brought in contact with the strap guide, which transfers the strap from the loose to
the fast pulley, and the loom is restarted. The movement of the slay board places
the levers in position for acting again. Instead of the projection on the cutting
instrument releasing the levers, they may be released by the attendant's hand or
other means.
A NEW OR IMPROVED INDICATOR FOR REGISTERING THE DISTANCE TRAVELLED BY CABS OR OTHER VEHICLES
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Green and Henry Green
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 10th January 1880.
THOMAS GREEN and HENRY GREEN, both of Birmingham, in the County of
Warwick, Manufacturers. "A NEW OR IMPROVED INDICATOR FOR REGISTERING
THE DISTANCE TRAVELLED BY CABS OR OTHER VEHICLES."
The object of this Invention is substantially explained by the title. For the
purposes of our Invention we provide a cogged wheel of suitable construction and
affix it to one of the wheels of the cab or other vehicle to which our improved
indicator is to be attached. It is from this cogged wheel that the indicator receives
its motion, and this may be obtained either by means of an endless chain, or by a
shaft and pinion, or by any other suitable mechanical contrivance. The indicator
proper is composed of a suitable arrangement of pinions and wheels, the number
and size of which are necessarily governed by the diameter of the wheel of the cab.
These pinions and wheels in their turn give motion to the hands, one of which
denote the quarters of miles travelled, the second hand shews the miles, and the
third registers a larger number of miles travelled, and which may be any desired
multiple. The first mentioned hands may be replaced in their normal position
by the driver, but the hand or the third dial cannot be interfered with by
the driver, and thus tells the cab owner what is the distance or the total
number of miles which has been travelled by his cab in the course of any one
day.
•
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF COKE OVENS
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Outterson Wood at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 13th March 1880.
WILLIAM OUTTERSON WOOD, of Coxhoe, in the County of Durham, Mining
Engineer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF COKE OVENS,"
The object of my Invention is to construct coke ovens so as to decrease the loss
or waste arising during the burning of the coal, and thus effect a considerable
saving by increasing the yield of coke from a given quantity of coal put into the
coke oven.
My Invention may be thus carried out :-In lieu of constructing coke ovens with
solid arch pieces or blocks, as is usually the case, I substitute others moulded or
formed each with a longitudinal perforation or canal extending from the front to
the back of the block. The said perforation is not horizontal, but inclines upward
from the lower half of the front face of the block to the upper half of the rear face,
consequently when the said block or arch piece is in position the axis of the said
perforation points upward to the crown of the oven, and directs the current of air
upward from the burning mass.
The longitudinal perforation is traversed near each end by a cross perforation,
therefore when the arch pieces or blocks, of which there are usually eleven, are
fitted in position the longitudinal perforation of each block communicates with one
another by means of the said cross perforations.
By the judicious insertion of stops or plugs of suitable material into the orifices
of these said perforations or canals, the entrance of air may be regulated and
controlled; or the air may be made to traverse the whole or any number of the
arch pieces, and thereby become heated before entering the coke oven.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN APPARATUS FOR RAISING AND FORCING LIQUIDS, ALSO APPLICABLE FOR REGULATING THE PRESSURE OF LIQUIDS, GAS, AND STEAM
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Waterhouse Midgley at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 24th June 1880.
JAMES WATERHOUSE MIDGLEY, of Keighley, in the County of York. "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN APPARATUS FOR RAISING AND FORCING LIQUIDS, ALSO APPLICABLE FOR
REGULATING THE PRESSURE OF LIQUIDS, GAS, AND STEAM."
My Invention is constructed as follows:-
I employ a cistern and ball tap placed in an elevated position. The cistern is
supplied with town or other waters. From the cistern is a pipe or pipes to a
receiver or receivers, the pipes having a four way and check valve. The receivers
firstly contain air and are connected to the vessels or barrels containing the fluid to
be raised. The water from the cistern entering the bottom of the receiver
compresses the air in the receivers, and a pressure is put upon the liquid (to be
raised or forced) in the vessel or barrel, and its contents are raised or forced to any
height lower than the supply cistern. To prevent the supply water getting into or
mixing with the liquid or fluid being raised, the receiver or receivers are provided
with valves and balls which shut off the connection when the water is a certain
height in the receiver. When two or more receivers are used the balls aro
connected by wires and adjustable levers to the four way tap, thus the receivers are
rising and falling alternately.
When the receiver is supplied by high pressure water, for regulating the pressure
I employ a valve or tap connected to piston rod and piston in a low pressure
cylinder (or bellows may be used). Attached to a regulating valvo is a lever
having balance weight. This method is also applicable for regulating tho pressure
of gases and steam. In lieu of the ordinary shive or bung I employ a bung having
an inner internal bung or plug the size of the pipe or connection from the receiver,
thus dispensing with the hole boring for same.
A NEW KIND OF TOY OR CARD SHOOTER
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Jacques Bock at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 9th April 1880.
JACQUES BOCK, of Number 44, Canonbury Road, Islington, London. "A NEW
KIND OF TOY OR CARD SHOOTER." A communication from abroad by Moritz J.
5 Siegel, of Brünn, in the Empire of Austria.
The object of the Invention is to shoot card discs or squares to a considerable
distance, thereby affording great amusement to children.
The annexed Drawing explains the Invention, and consists of a slotted frame A
of wood, metal, or any other material, with attachment B of elastic or spring; C
shows the cord between the elastic ready for discharging.
FLUSHING APPARATUS FOR CLOSETS OR DRAINS, AND FOR OTHER LIKE PURPOSES
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Wildig at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 8th December 1880.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN
WILLIAM WILDIG, of Chester, in the County of Chester.
FLUSHING APPARATUS FOR CLOSETS OR DRAINS, AND FOR OTHER LIKE PURPOSES."
This Invention has for its object the construction of an apparatus for flushing
water closets, drains, sewers and the like, at once simple, cheap, and effective.
It consists of a circular drum of sufficient size to hold a regulated quantity of
liquid. Internally this resolves itself spirally to hold said liquid, the weight of
which is equally balanced by a metal disc. The drum is free to revolve on a
perforated metal pipe connected to the supply and passing through the side of the
tank in which the drum is contained. The liquid is supplied to the drum by the
perforated pipe, the drum thereby being turned over and discharging its contents.
By the use of a stop tap the apparatus can be discharged periodically at any given
time. A pipe to the closet, drain, or other place, to be flushed is connected to the
tank in which the drum is fitted.
By using this apparatus I am enabled to dispense with the costly and troublesome
balls, valves, floats, &c, at present in use.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR SEPARATING OR CLASSIFYING MINERALS OR METALS
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Nance at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 3rd February 1880.
WILLIAM NANCE, of North Shields, in the County of Northumberland, Mining
Engineer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR SEPARATING
OR CLASSIFYING MINERALS OR METALS."
This apparatus consists of a series of pans of different diameters, and of any
shape or size or kind of material, placed in a vertical or diagonal position, and is
specially intended to separate minerals and metals from their gange, and at the
same time in the same operation to classify any number of metals or minerals of
different specific gravity, which may be associated therewith.
For instance, if two or more metals or minerals of different specific gravity be
operated on in this apparatus they will be separated from their gange, and
deposited in receptacles specially provided for the reception of each kind. The
operation consists of a series of hydraulic currents in the said pans, to which the
ores are submitted, and the said currents therein can be regulated to suit every
difference of specific gravity, whereby an indefinite number of different specific
gravities is obtained in one operation without manual labour, mechanical motions,
or power, other than a slight fall of water to produce the currents.
By the use of this apparatus and method of treating ores considerable less space
is required for the mechanism and modes of operation, and a greater quantity of
ore is treated in a given time than by the mechanism at present in use.
BOUQUET-HOLDER
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Eugène Charles Girard-Thibault at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 18th March 1880.
EUGÈNE CHARLES GIRARD-THIBAULT, Ngt, of Paris, in France.
BOUQUET-HOLDER."
My improved bouquet-holder is composed,―
"AN IMPROVED
1º, of a metal tube soldered into a conical form; 2°, of a gallery, crown, or ring
of metal with double hooks or catches working upon hinges and moving in a spiral
line; 3°, of a cork stopper; 4°, of a worked or ornamental bottom piece of metal
provided with a moveable ring or loop.
The tube is covered with paper, cloth, plain, stamped, or ribbed leather, lace, or
other material.
The gallery or crown is soldered to the widest opening of the cone, and the cork
stopper is forced into the other end of the tube, one of its ends being slightly
rounded and covered with similar material to that which covers the tube.
The bottom piece with ring or loop is then placed over the small end of the
tube.
The tube, which may have an outer covering of paper, satin, velvet, or other
material, may be plain or ornamented with a knot or bow, with a ring bearing a
scutcheon, a cameo, or any jewel or ornament.
The catches or hooks on the gallery open for the insertion of the bouquet, after-
wards closing upon its stem, which they hold firmly but without crushing.
By reversing the movement of the hooks or catches the bouquet may be
withdrawn.
The cork stopper at the lower part of the holder absorbs any moisture which may
full from the bouquet after it is placed in the holder, and prevents any spotting of
or injury to the exterior thereof.
IMPROVEMENTS IN TRAMWAYS
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Frederick Clarke and
Alexander Ward at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 17th
December 1880.
WILLIAM FREDERICK CLARKE, of Lucan, in the County of Dublin, Ireland, and
ALEXANDER WARD, of Hawarden, in the County of Chester. "IMPROVEMENTS IN
TRAMWAYS."
Our Invention relates to improvements in the construction of the permanent way
of tramways of the kind in which iron or steel rails are supported by metal chairs
or sleepers.
According to our present Invention a flat rail having a groove for the wheel
flange has side cheeks embracing the sides of a longitudinal wood bearer on which it
is fitted. In the side cheeks are formed holes at distances apart, and corresponding
holes are formed in the jaws of chairs, into which the wood bearer is fitted. Dogs
are driven through the said holes in the rail and chair into the wood bearer, so that
the rail is secured to the bearer, and the latter is at the same time secured to the
chair by means of one and the same dog.
A NEW OR IMPROVED SCREW PROPELLER
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Henry Daniels at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 27th January 1880.
WILLIAM HENRY DANIELS, of No. 19, Mount Pleasant Villas, Crouch Hill,
London, N. "A NEW OR IMPROVED SCREW PROPELLER."
To a revolving shaft are attached at right angles, and at convenient distances
apart, any required number of arms fixed in two, three, or four rows round the
sbaft. These arms may be of any desired size, whether as regards length, breadth,
or thickness, and they should be made so that two sides are always parallel to the
line of the vessel's keel, like two right angled triangles having the same base in
common. To each of these arms are attached trident-like one, two, or three fans
of suitable dimensions, so shaped as always to present to the water, except where
they are joined on to the arm to which they are attached, either a flat surface
parallel to and at right angles to the vessel's keel, or an inclined plane of triangular
shape tapering diagonally across the fan on both sides of it, but in opposite
directions. The outer extremity of the fan is also sloped on one side. The arms
and the fans may be made of wood or iron, or of both combined, or of any other
suitable material.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINES FOR CLEANING AND POLISHING KNIVES, AND FOR SIMILAR PURPOSES
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Stuart Guinness at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 27th February 1880.
WILLIAM STUART GUINNESS, of the City and State of New York, United States
of America, now of No. 8, Southampton Buildings, London. "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINES FOR CLEANING AND POLISHING KNIVES, AND FOR SIMILAR PURPOSES."
My Invention relates to machines for cleaning and polishing knives very
advantageously, and may be applied or adapted to the construction of machines' for
cleaning or polishing metal or other material in the form of bars or strips, which
are wedge-shaped or taper in transverse section, and more or less irregular in
thickness.
The said Invention consists in the combination of two rolls or cylinders in such
a manner that the space between them, through which the knife or other article
has to pass, will assume a wedge-shaped or taper or other form, and thereby adapt
itself to any variations in the form or thickness of the metal or other articles
passing between the said rolls. I prefer to have one taper roll and one cylindrical
roll (though I may use two taper rolls) placed one above the other, and geared
together by means of toothed wheels.
In constructing a machine according to my Invention for cleaning and polishing
table knives I prefer to place the cylindrical roll above the taper roll within a
frame or box of iron or other suitable metal, which is provided with a clamp and
screw for securing it to a table or bench. The lower roll is mounted in bearings,
which are fitted to slide in vertical apertures or slots in the said frame or box,
and which are pressed upward to keep the lower roll in contact with the upper
roll by a spring or springs. One of the said rolls is provided with a collar at one
end for cleaning the knife-back, while the other parts of the knife are cleaned by
the peripheral surfaces of the said rolls.
These rolls may be formed of metal, hard wood, or other suitable material, and
may be faced or covered with leather, india-rubber, or the like. The ends of the
shafts or journals of the said rolls carry toothed pinions of equal diameter, which
are geared together, and one of which is geared with an internally toothed driving
wheel, which is provided with a handle for turning the same.

page_text: The said machine as constructed for knife cleaning will be very small and
compact. I may make such machines of any desired size for cleaning, scouring, or
polishing bars, strips, or pieces of any dimensions, but in all cases the rolls must be
so formed or arranged that they will adapt themselves to the wedge-shaped or
inclined surfaces, and to any irregularities of the metal or other material passing
between them, so that the same will be evenly or uniformly cleaned or polished
throughout its entire extent.
IMPROVEMENTS IN TILES FOR THE FORMATION OF OYSTER BEDS
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Maurice Bauer at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 6th March 1880. A communication from
Pierre Baché, of Andernos (Gironde), in the Republic of France.
MAURICE BAUER, Civil Engineer, of the Firm of M. Bauer and Company, of 30,
Boulevard Magenta, Paris, in the Republic of France. “IMPROVEMENTS IN TILES
FOR THE FORMATION OF OYSTER BEDS." A communication from Pierre Baché, of
Andernos (Gironde), in the Republic of France.
The improvements consist in the application of specially formed tiles for fencing
in oyster beds and also as collectors in the following manner :-The fence is
constructed of flat tiles pointed or chamfered at the bottom, so as to be easily
driven into the ground, and provided with a horizontal (or perpendicular to the
body of the tile) rim at the top for preventing the intrusion of destructive animals
into the beds or breeding places. Where this is not to be apprehended the
rectangular rim at the top may be omitted. The so-called collecting tile is
preferably curved, and provided at each end with a border from 1% to 1%, an inch
high for separating the superposed collectors, each border being interrupted or
perforated at two places. A space is thus formed between two collectors into
which the spat is introduced, and where the destructive animals cannot enter.
These collectors are arranged in groups or piles and firmly tied together or attached
by wire or cords, so as to offer a sufficient resistance against the wind and
the sea.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN SELF-REGISTERING THERMOMETERS
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Warren Zambra at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 23rd February 1880.
JOSEPH WARREN ZAMBRA, of the Firm of Negretti and Zambra, of Holborn
Viaduct, in the City of London, Meteorological Instrument Makers. "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN SELF-REGISTERING THERMOMETERS."
This Invention relates to that class of thermometers which is known as Six's
Belf registering thermometers, in which pure alcohol is used as the expanding
fluid.
Before closing up the bulbs of the tubes of these thermometers it is usual to
plunge them into a freezing mixture so that they may be sealed at the lowest
possible temperature. It however often happens that during use the temperature
of the atmosphere falls below that at which the bulbs were closed up, in which case
the air contained in the alcohol (which air under ordinary circumstances is held in
the alcohol in suspension under pressure) being relieved of the pressure dilates or
escapes from the alcohol and forms a globule of air in the bend of the tube, thereby
rendering the action of the thermometer untrue, in some cases to the extent of four
or five degrees.
This difficulty may be overcome by leaving the tubes open to the atmosphere, by
which means the pressure on the column of spirit is always maintained, but here a
further difficulty presents itself, viz., the evaporation of the alcohol.
Now the object of the present Invention is to obviate these difficulties by so
constructing the thermometer that while the pressure of the atmosphere on the
column of spirit may be exerted the sealing of the tube will be so effected that the
evaporation of the alcohol will be prevented.
To this end I connect to the top bulb of the thermometer by means of an
inverted Utube, a second bulb, by preference of elongated form, which has an
opening at bottom. This bulb I enclose in a small glass vessel in which I place a
sufficient quantity of mercury to cover the opening in the bulb. This vessel may
be secured to the U tube or second bulb in any convenient manner, and is open to
the atmosphere. The tubes will thus be effectually sealed to prevent the evaporation
of the alcohol, but the column of spirit can still be acted upon by pressure of the air,
and however low the temperature may fall the pressure on the column of alcohol
will always be maintained, as the pressure of the atmosphere will cause the mercury
to rise in the second bulb, which will compress the air already in the top bulb, and
so neutralize any tendency for a vacuum to form in that bulb, and thus prevent the
formation of air globules in the alcohol as above stated.