Improvements in the Process for Systematically Removing Husks from Grain.
Year: 1898

page_text: Date of Application, 9th Dec., 1898
Complete Specification Left, 5th Sept., 1899-Accepted, 14th Oct., 1899
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Process for Systematically Removing Husks
from Grain.
I, PLATON RAKHMANOFF, of Petroff Lines Hotel, Moscow, Russia, Gentleman,
do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
Up to this time the removing of the husks (pellicles or epidermis, nutritious
film, etcetera) has been performed by means of mechanical peeling of the grain,
this operation removes not only the exterior husks or epidermis, but also
damages the farinaceous core of the grain. Moreover, the husks of the grain
are most irregularly detached from the latter and produce bran, in which the
ligneous particles of the exterior epidermis are mixed with particles of the
nutritious film and with the farinaceous particles of the grain core. Finally
the mechanical separation of the exterior husks (bran) are so imperfectly per-
formed, that whilst grinding the grain to grits or flour, it is necessary to sift
away the ground corn several times for separating the bran.
There is, it is true, a damp process for removing the husks from the grain
(system Steinmetz); but by this operation all the husks are removed at once and
an almost valueless residue is presented. Moreover, this process offers the dis-
advantage of causing damage to the interior grain core. Finally, this damp
process gives still more bran, than the peeling by the dry process.
The process, forming the object of the present invention, permits the system-
atic removal of each of the husks separately and in this way the separate
obtaining of the ligneous epidermis, consisting substantially of cellulose, there-
upon the nutritious film, which can be transformed into "semouline" being a
kind of fine grits or groats and of considerable value-finally obtaining the
clean grits-grain, which gives by a simple grinding a flour of the highest
quality.
:
This process consists substantially in moistening the grain, the same having
been previously carefully cleaned from any extraneous admixture by continuous
mixing with a weak solution of soda (from 7 to 10 grammes of soda to a. litre
of water); then the moist grain is treated with wire brushes, which remove the
husks from the grain.
It has been proved by practice, that the moistening of the grain with soda
solution causes the gluten of the nutritious film, situated directly under the
ligneous epidermis, to become soft to such a degree that the latter may be easily
and neatly removed by the wire brushes, leaving a rounded grits-grain, which
can be at once ground to a flour of the highest quality.
In practice the grain, moistened by the soda solution, can be conveyed under
the wire-brushes by means of an endless screw conveyer, by which the grain is
not only conveyed but also turned about and kneaded, a uniform moistening
being secured.
:
The husks, removed from the surface of the grain by the brushes, which are
preferably mounted spirally on a rotating roller, are separated from the grits-

page_text: grain (by winnowing) by means of an aspirator and removed to a suitable
receiver, whilst the grits-grain, delivered from its husks, drops and can be with-
drawn by means of an endless screw or any other conveyer.
It is a matter of course, that the process of moistening with the soda-solution
and of brushing the grain may, if desired, be repeated many times, until a pro-
duct of required quality has been obtained, the husks, removed during each
operation, can be collected separately and present each a different product-as
ligneous husks or cellulose, nutritious films, etcetera. The amount of soda solu-
tion, required for moistening the grain, varies according to the quality and the
kind of the grain. In practice for the peeling of wheat grain about 25 litrès
of the solution is required to each 100 kilogrammes of grain.
Noted the 0th dav af Dasamban 1000
WM. BROOKES & SON,
55/56, Chancery Lane, London, Agents for the Applicant.
Improvements in the Process for Systematically Removing Husks
irom Grain.
I, PLATON RAKHIMANOFF, of Petroff Lines Hotel, Moscow, Russia, Gentleman,
do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is
to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement:―
Up to this time the removing of the husks (pellicles or epidermis, nutritious
film etcetera) has been performed by means of mechanical peeling of the grain;
this operation removes not only the exterior husks or epidermis, but also
damages the farinaceous core of the grain.
Moreover, the husks of the grain are most irregularly detached from the
latter and produce bran, in which the ligneous particles of the exterior epidermis
are mixed with particles of the nutritious film and with the farinaceous particles
of the grain core. Finally the mechanical separation of the exterior husks
(bran) are so imperfectly performed, that whilst grinding the grain to grits or
flour, it is necessary to sift away the ground corn several times for separating
the bran.
There is, it is true, a damp process for removing the husks from the grain
(system Steinmetz); but by this operation all the husks are removed at once and
an almost valueless residue is presented. Moreover, this process offers the dis-
advantage of causing damage to the interior grain core. Finally, this damp
process gives still more bran, than the peeling by the dry process.
The process, forming the object of the present invention, permits the system-
atic removal of each of the husks separately and in this way the separate
obtaining of the ligneous epidermis, consisting substantially of cellulose, there-
upon the nutritious film which can be transformed into semouline" being a
kind of fine grits or groats and of considerable value finally obtaining the
clean grits-grain, which gives by a simple grinding a flour of the highest
quality.
This process consists substantially in moistening the grain, the same having
been previously carefully cleaned from any extraneous admixture by continuous
mixing with a weak solution of soda (from 7 to 10 grammes of soda to a litre
of water); then the moist grain is treated with wire brushes, which remove the
husks from the grain.

page_text: It has been proved by practice, that the moistening of the grain with soda
solution causes the gluten of the nutritious film, situated directly under the
ligneous epidermis, to become soft to such a degree that the latter may be easily
and neatly removed by the wire brushes, leaving a rounded grits-grain, which
can be at once ground to a flour of the highest quality.
In practice the grain moistened by the soda solution, can be conveyed under
the wire-brushes by means of an endless screw conveyor, by which the grain is
not only conveyed but also turned about and kneaded, a uniform moistening
being secured.
:
The husks, removed from the surface of the grain by the brushes, which are
preferably mounted spirally on a rotating roller, are separated from the grits-
grain (by winnowing) by means of an aspirator and removed to a suitable
receiver, whilst the grits-grain, delivered from its husks, drops and can be with-
drawn by means of an endless screw or any other conveyor.
It is a matter of course, that the process of moistening with the soda solution
and of brushing the grain may, if desired, be repeated many times until a pro-
duct of required quality has been obtained, the husks, removed during each
operation, can be collected separately and present each a different product-as
ligneous husks or cellulose, nutritious films, etcetara.
The amount of soda solution, required for moistening the grain varies accord-
ing to the quality and the kind of the grain. In practice for the peeling of
wheat grain about 25 litres of the solution is required to each 100 kilogrammes
of grain.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is
1. An improved process for systematically removing the husks from the grain
of cereals, characterized by the feature, that the grain is previously moistened
with a weak solution of soda and then submitted to the action of wire brushes.
2. In the process mentioned in the preceding claim, the winnowing by means
of an aspirator or blower, of the husks, removed from the surface of the grain
by the action of the wire brushes.
Dat
LABA
WM. BROOKES & SON,
55 & 56, Chancery Lane, London, Agents for the Applicant.