Improvements in Apparatus suitable for Heating Steam Generators by Means of Oil.
Year: 1899

page_text: Date of Application, 18th Sept., 1899-Accepted, 4th Nov., 1899
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Apparatus suitable for Heating Steam Generators
by Means of Oil.
I, LUDWIG DÜRR, of Baumstrasse, 51, Bremen, Germany, Civil Engineer, do
hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what inanner the same is to be
performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:
This invention relates to apparatus suitable for tlie smokeless heating of
steam-generators by means of the vapor of a suitable oil, as petroleum, in contra-
distinction to apparatus for heating steam-generators with such oil in which the
liquid is injected into the furnace in the form of spray.
Apparatus for the purpose mentioned, according to this invention, is based
on the principle embodied in the vapor-burning apparatus described in the
Specification of Letters Patent previously granted to me and numbered 12771
of 1893 and 25955 of 1897 in which two co-operating burners are arranged one
behind the other. The apparatus described and shown in the Specifications
aforesaid cannot, however, be used for heating steam-generators, as the solid
residues of the vaporized oil, as crude petroleum, soon cause stoppages of the
burners, which cannot be remedied when the steam-generators are continuously
at work. This disadvantage, and the special requirements of steam-generator
heating, have resulted in the present invention.
According to this invention, an example of apparatus according to which is
shown in longitudinal section and in end view in Figs. 1 and 2 respectively of
the accompanying drawings, the oil for the two burners is vaporized in two
vaporizing bodies a and g (hereinafter called vaporizers) which are adapted to
retain a considerable amount of residue without allowing the residue to choke
up the burner orifices and are completely independent of each other so that their
sizes can each be made to suit requirement exactly whilst being arranged one
behind the other so as to be both heated by means of the rear burner, the rear
one a of these vaporizers, which may, as shown, advantageously be the smaller
one, feeding the burner that is used for vaporizing and superheating the oil
contained in the two vaporizers and the other vaporizer g supplying the vapour for
the generator-heating burner h. The two vaporizers, which in the example
shown are cylindrical and upright, are made of suitable cast metal and their
internal capacities are made to bear a suitable ratio to each other.
vaporizer a is connected with a burner c by a pipe b of large diameter which
branches off about half way up the vaporizer, so that the lower half may act as
a trap to catch the residue formed and prevent it from choking up the burner.
A valve d provided with a regulating conical plug in front of the orifice e of
the burner serves to keep this orifice clear and to regulate the outlet. area and
consequently the current of hot gases. To facilitate the cleaning of the burner,
it is also provided with screws ff which can be withdrawn to admit any suitable
cleaning device. The vaporizer y is at a considerable distance from its lower end
'T'he

page_text: provided with a pipe connexion or union connecting it with the burner h, which
is located in the axis of the boiler flue. All cross sections are of such size that
stoppages are not liable to occur. The feeding of the oil to the two vaporizers
is effected by means of pipes ii which are connected to the upper portions of the
vaporizers. The feeding is effected under pressure and is very accurately regu-
lated by means of regulating valves in the feed pipes and of injecting nozzles in
the rear thereof and each provided with a head having a number of fine perfor-
ations to produce fine streams to facilitate vaporization.
The vaporizers and burners are arranged in a cylindrical chamber k, the wall
of which preferably consists of several portions to facilitate the building-in of
the vaporizers. The main vaporizer g rests on the bottom of the chamber k and
the burner c on a cross bearer located in the rear portion of the chamber k.
The chamber is arranged inside a concentric outer casing m which is attached
to the front wall of the boiler, the chamber being supported inside the casing m
by means of suitable stays. The rear end of the chamber k can be closed by
means of hinged doors n n (Fig. 2). The annular space o, between the chamber k
and the outer casing m, through which some or all of the air necessary for the
burner passes, may be provided at the rear end with a louvre or slide closure
for the purpose of regulating the supply of air. An opening p in the lower
portion of the chamber & supplies the air required for combustion to the burner c.
The working of this apparatus is as follows: --The doors n at the rear of the
burners are first opened and the vaporizers a and g as well as the burner c are
heated from outside-this can be effected most simply and quickly by means of a
petroleum vapor flame issuing from a special heating apparatus. When the
vaporizers are sufficiently hot, the oil inlet to the vaporizer a is first of all opened
and the oil vapor issuing from the burner e is ignited, and continues the heating
of the two vaporizers, which are played upon by a continually increasing flame.
The exposed lower portion of the main vaporizer is completely enveloped by the
flame, which insures the rapid and complete vaporization of as large quantities of
oil as may be required. The pipes that supply the vaporized oil to the burners
branch off so high above the lower ends of the vaporizers that the residue can
settle in the lower ends of the vaporizers and will consequently be unable to
stop up the pipe connexions of the burner, which are of large cross sectional
areas; the great cause of stoppages hitherto attending the use of apparatus of
the kind mentioned for heating steam-generators is therefore removed. This
action is in great contrast to that of apparatus constructed as shown in the
Specification of Letters Patent No. 25955 of 1897, in which the portions of residue
formed are blown by the force of the vapors, from the long, comparatively low,
and horizontal vaporizing chambers into the outlet orifices, the consequent choking
of which renders the apparatus useless.
All the joints that should be capable of being undone, are, in the apparatus
shown, placed outside of the space in which the combustion is effected, so that
these. parts cannot be burnt fast and the opening and inspection of the vaporizers
is therefore very easy.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is
1. Apparatus suitable for the smokeless heating of steam-generators by means
of the vapor of oil, as petroleum, in which two burners c and arranged one
behind the other for conjoint working according to the Specification of Letters
Patent No. 12271 of 1893, are each combined with one of two independently fed
vaporizers which are located one behind the other so as to be both heated by
means of the rear burner and are completely independent of each other so that
they can be made of different sizes to suit requirement, substantially as herein-
before described.
2. Apparatus according to the preceding claim in which the special oil vaporizers

page_text: are hollow bodies that stand upright in the heating chamber and are provided
with burner connexions that branch off at a considerable height above the lower
ends of the vaporizers substantially as and for the purpose set forth.
3. My improved oil vapor heating apparatus constructed, arranged, and oper-
ating as hereinbefore described with reference to and shown in the accompanying
drawings.
F. WISE HOWORTH,
40, Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, W.C., Agent for the Applicant.