IMPROVEMENTS IN COATING OR COVERING IRON AND OTHER SURFACES FOR PROTECTIVE PURPOSES
Year: 1878

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Frederick Crease, of Eastney Barracks, in the
County of Hants, Major in the Royal Marine Artillery, for the Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN COATING OR COVERING IRON AND OTHER SURFACES FOR
PROTECTIVE PURPOSES."
Sealed the 13th September 1878, and dated the 5th July 1878.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Frederick Crease at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 5th July 1878.
JOHN FREDERICK CREASE, of Eastney Barracks, in the County of Hants, Major
in the Royal Marine Artillery. "IMPROVEMENTS IN COATING OR COVERING IRON
AND OTHER SURFACES FOR PROTECTIVE PURPOSES."
My Invention has for object improvements in coating or covering iron and other
surfaces for protective purposes, as, for examples, the bottoms of iron ships, the
interior metal surfaces of the double bottoms of ships, tanks, or vessels for con-
taining water, and other bodies or structures requiring protection from water or
moisture, or from which water is required to be isolated.
The words "the surface" in the following description mean equally a surface to
be protected, and a surface from which water is required to be isolated.
According to one part of my Invention, I cover the surface with an adhesive
coating, and before it is dry I apply over it Roman, Portland, or other like cement
in a wet mixed state.
The adhesive coating I employ when applying my Invention in confined spaces
is composed of pitch dissolved in crude naphtha from which the more volatile spirits
have been extracted, which adhesive substance, herein-after called for distinction
No. 1, may be laid on hot or cold.
In some cases, dissolved marine glue may be used. By dissolved marine glue 1
mean such compositions for example as melted or dissolved Hay's glue, Jeffery's
glue, or Crease's anticorrosive paint.

page_text: The Roman, Portland, or other like cement to be applied before the adhesive
coating dries must be finely powdered before being wet mixed.
If it be desired to give a thicker protecting layer I allow the adhesive coating to
dry, then lay over it another coating of No. 1 or of dissolved marine glue, or a coating
of tar, and over this second coating, before it is dry, I apply the finely powdered
wet mixed Roman, Portland, or other like cement.
According to another part of my Invention, I cover the surface with two or more
coatings of No. 1, or of dissolved marine glue. Over the last coating of such adhe-
sive substance, when dry, I lay a coating of Roman, Portland, or other like cement,
finely powdered and wet mixed, with or without a salt such as magnesia, nitrate of
potassa, chloride of sodium, common soda, or other salt, herein-after called salt,
which will assist the coment to set. After the cement has set I apply a second
similar coating of cement wet mixed, with or without a salt, which I lay on thickly.
When this has set the cement may be silicated by applying over it a silicating
solution, such as a silicate of soda, silicate of potash, or other silicate. Or, instead
of silicating the cement after it has set, as just described, I may, when first mixing
the cement, onit the salt, and mix with the cement a solution of silicate of soda, or
of potash, or of other silicate. This mixture I apply over the dry conting of adhesive
substance.
According to another part of my Invention, I first cover the surface to be pro-
tected with one or more coatings of No. 1 or of dissolved marine glue, and over these
when dry I lay one or more coatings of cement mixed with salt, as above described,
and when this coating has dried I apply over it a coating of No. 1, or of dissolved
anarine glue, or of tar.
According to another part of my Invention, I first cover the surface to be pro-
tected with a coating or coatings of No. 1 or of dissolved marine glue, and when the
last coating is dry I apply finely powdered Roman, Portland, or other like cement,
wet, mixed with a size. When this coating is dry I apply, if necessary a second
similar coat, and when it is dry I apply over it a waterproofing coat of No. 1, or of
dissolved marine glue, or of tar.
The various coats herein-before referred to are such as may be readily applied
with a brush.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said John Frederick Crease, in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 4th
January 1879.
JOHN FREDERICK CREASE, of Eastney Barracks, in the County of Hants, Major
in the Royal Marine Artillery. "IMPROVEMENTS IN COATING OR COVERING IRON
AND OTHER SURFACES FOR PROTECTIVE PURPOSES."
My Invention has for object improvements in coating or covering iron and other
surfaces for protective purposes, as, for example, the bottoms of iron ships (inside and
outside), the interior metal surfaces of the double bottoms of ships, inetal tanks,
cisterns, or vessels for containing water, iron water pipes (inside and outside), and
other bodies or structures requiring protection from water or moisture, or from
which water is required to be isolated.
It is a feature of my Invention that it enables cement to be applied with a brush
like a paint to surfaces where a cement prepared in the ordinary way, that is, the
cement of commerce as ordinarily sold, would not be suitable.
The words "the surface" in the following description mean equally a surface to
be protected and a surface from which water is required to be isolated.
According to one part of my Invention, I cover the surface with an adhesive
coating, and over it I apply Roman, Portland, or other like cement, in a wet mixed
state. I prefer to use Portland cement.
The adhesive coating I employ, when applying my Invention in confined spaces,
is composed of pitch dissolved in crude naphtha, from which the more volatilo
spirits have been extracted, which adhesive substance, herein-after called for
distinction "No. 1," may be laid on (with a brush) hot or cold.
Dissolved marine glue may be used. I use it where a quick drying solution is
required. If rapidity in drying be not requisite, coal tar may be used. By
dissolved marine glue I mean such composition, for example, as melted or dissolved
Hay's cementing glue, or Jeffery's glue (of the kinds not containing vegetable
matter, or containing it only in exceedingly small quantities), or Croase's anti-
corrosive paint, or other like marine glue or paint not containing vegetable matter..
The Roman, Portland, or other like cement to be applied before the adhesive
coating dries must be finely powdered before being wet mixed.
To render the cement suitable for my purpose 1, in practice, pass it between
grinding stones in a suitable mill, then sift it through a very fine sieve (200 meshes
to the inch), re-grinding the cement too coarse to pass through the sieve, then
sifting again, and so on, repeating the operation till the whole of the cement has
been reduced.
I do not confine myself to this mode of rendering the cement fine; it may be done
otherwise (for instance, winnowing may be substituted for sieving), so long as the
whole of the cement, be finely reduced, as described.
If a part only of a bulk of cement be powdered and sifted, the different ingre-
dients may not exist in the proper relative proportions in that portion of the bulk
so eliminated, and portions of the cement which are most thoroughly burnt may be
wanting.
In mixing the finely ground cement, the proportion of water added to it must be
regulated according to the thickness of coating required to be applied.
If it be desired to give to the metal, before applying the wet mixed cement, a
thicker protecting layer than produced by one coating of adhesive substance, instead
of laying the cement on to the adhesive coating already mentioned I allow that
coating to dry, then lay over it another coating of No. 1, or of dissolved marine
glue, or a coating of coal tar, and over this second coating, before it is dry, I apply
the wet mixed finely powdered Roman, Portland, or other like cement..
Although, in practice, I consider it advantageous to apply the wet mixed cement
•
·

page_text: before the adhesive substance has dried, yet I have found that the wet mixed
cement will adhere if applied to the adhesive coating after such coating has dried.
According to another part of my Invention, I first cover the surface to be pro-
tected with one or more coatings of No. 1, or of dissolved marine glue, or of tar;
over the last coating, before it is dry, I lay a wet mixed coating of finely powdered
Ronan, Portland, or other like cement, such cement before it is wetted having had
previously mixed with it, for the purpose of assisting it after application to set, a
dry salt, such as magnesia, or nitre, or chloride of sodium, or common soda (all
herein-after called salt), in the proportion of a quarter of a pound of either of such
salts to one gallon of the finely powdered Roman, Portland, or other like cement.
After one layer of the wet mixed cement with salt has set I may apply a second
coating of wet mixed cement, with or without salt, laying on thickly. A further
coating (or more than one) may be superposed.
Any of the cement coatings applied, as herein-before described, may be silicated
to protect them from the destructive action of oils and acids, for which purpose,
over such coatings of cement, when dry, a silicating solution may be applied with
a brush.
In practice I have used a silicate of soda, or a silicate of potash, and in the
following proportions, that is to say, with one part by measure of the liquid silicate
of soda of commerce, or of the liquid silicate of potash of commerce, I have mixed
six parts by measure of water. Instead of silicating the cement after it has set, as
just described, I sometimes, when preparing the cement wet, mix it with a silicating
solution, such as above described, instead of using water. In this case, I do not
before wetting mix a salt with the cement. This mixture I apply (by means of a
brush) over the coating of adhesive substance. I would have it understood, how-
ever, that I do not claim the application of a silicate to a cement.
According to another part of my Invention, I first cover the surface to be pro-
tected with one or more coatings of No. 1, or of dissolved marine glue, or of coal
tar over the last coating before it is dry. I lay one or more coatings of plain
finely ground cement, or of cement mixed with salt, as above described, and when
the only coating, or the last one, as tho case may be, has dried I apply over it a
coating of No. 1, or of dissolved marine glue, or of tar, herein-after referred to as a
protecting waterproof coating.
According to another part of my Invention, I first cover the surface to be pro-
tected with an adhesive coating or coatings of No. 1, or of dissolved marine glue, or
of coal tar, and before the last coating is dry I apply finely powdered Roman,
Portland, or other like cement, wet, mixed with a size. When this coating is dry I
apply, if necessary, a second similar coat. When the cement coating is dry, a
protecting waterproof coating must be applied over it.
The various coats herein-before referred to are all such as may be readily applied 4
with a brush.
In confined spaces, such as between the double bottoms of ships, where there is
generally to be found a considerable deposition of moisture on the iron or other
surfaces to be coated, I first apply to the damp surface to be coated a thickly wet
mixed solution of finely ground Portland, Roman, or other like cement. Over this 4
coat, when dry, I apply a thinly mixed adhesive coating of No. 1, or of marine glue,
or of tar. This coating strikes through the cement coating to the iron or other
surface to be coated, on which it firmly attaches the cement. Over these coatings,
when dry, can be applied alternate coatings of wet mixed finely ground Portland,
Roman, or other like cement, and of the protecting waterproof coating, as required. 5
In this manner it will be found that a waterproof coating may be applied to wet
iron or other damp surfaces which cannot otherwise be so coated.
.
When any of the mixtures composing the adhesive composition or protecting
waterproof composition require thinning it can be done with either crude or refined
coal naphtha.
I have found in practice that Roman, Portland, or other like cement finely

page_text: powdered in the manner herein-before described, and wet, mixed, will adhere to iron
or other surfaces without the interposition of an adhesive coating; and in practico
I dispense with the adhesive coating when applying the wet mixed finely powdered
cement as a lining or coating to steam generators, hot-water apparatus, and other
like apparatus, as also for lining metal pipes.
The use of adhesive substance is not practicable where the surface coated with
cement is to be exposed to a high temperature.
The use of size inixed with cement is to be avoided when it is not intended to
use over such cement a protecting waterproof coating.
Having described the nature of my said Invention, and explained the manner of
carrying it into practical effect, I would have it understood that what I consider to
be novel and original, and therefore claim as the Invention secured to me under
the Letters Patent herein-before in part recited is,―
1. The coating or covering iron and other surfaces, substantially as described,
with Roman, Portland, or other like cement, prepared substantially as herein-above
set forth.
2. The coating or covering iron and other surfaces with a mixture of cement and
salt, substantially as herein-before described.
3. The coating or covering iron and other surfaces with Roman, Portland, or
other like cement, prepared substantially as described, in conjunction with a
protecting waterproof coating, substantially as described.
In witness whercof, I, tho said John Frederick Crease, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Third day of January, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and seventy-nine.
יד
בוי מדה
ADHAN