IMPROVEMENTS IN DYNAMO ELECTRIC MACHINES, MECHANISM FOR SECURING UNIFORMITY AND CONTROLLING THE CURRENTS AND ELECTRIC LAMPS."
Year: 1882

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Elmer Ambrose Sperry of Cortland Cortland County,
State of New York, United States of America Electrician for an invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN DYNAMO ELECTRIC MACHINES, MECHANISM FOR SECURING
UNIFORMITY AND CONTROLLING THE CURRENTS AND ELECTRIC LAMPS."
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION filed by the said Elmer Ambrose Sperry at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 27th June 1882.
ELMER AMBROSE SPERRY of Cortland, Cortland County, State of New York,
United States of America, Electrician, IMPROVEMENTS IN DYNAMO ELECTRIC
MACHINES, MECHANISM FOR SECURING UNIFORMITY AND CONTROLLING THE
CURRENTS AND ELECTRIC LAMPS."
This invention relates to improvements in Dynamo Electric Machines, Electric
Lights etc., the object being first to subject a greater proportion of the wire wound
on the armature to an intense magnetic field; Second, to construct the core of a
transversely wound annular armature equi-distant from both its interior and
exterior surfaces; to reduce the "Magnetic inertia" of said core to a minimum to
prevent induction of currents in the mass of metal forming said core, and to facilitate
the dissippation of heat; Third, to automatically control tho current to secure
uniformity thereof, also to secure automatically differences in the intensity of the
current generated by the machine; Fourth, to secure in an electric lamp, a more
delicate adjustment of the regulating magnet than has been heretofore accomplished
to control the carbons by mutual action of two helical systems, one of which is
the moving element; to provide a sensitive frictional clutch whereby the carbon
holder is delicately controlled by suitable mechanism; to automatically short
circuit lamps, when for any reason, the magnetism of its regulating system falla
below a certain specified amount, and to offer a free pas-age for the current
independent of the lamp at all times except when said lamp is operated by a
current of normal strength. The invention consists,
First, in so disposing of the field magnet or magnets as to present a pole piece
of like polarity, both interior, exterior and the to free extremity of an annular

page_text: armature; Second in so constructing and mounting an annular armature which has
its greatest dimension of cross section parallel with its axis as to present its
interior and exterior surfacos, together with one extremity to the pole pieces of
the field, the other extremity being used for attachment to the shaft; Third, in an
arrangement of such armature which provides equal parallelogramatic or rectangular
spaces for the reception of the wire both interior and exterior to the core; Fourth,
in constructing said armature of segments of thin sheet metal bearing projections
and mounted on insulated rods which are used to secure the armature of the shaft,
said segments being insulated from each other in a novel manner hereinafter to be
described; Fifth, in varying the relative position of the contact points of the
commutator brushes by suitable mechanism connected thereto, actuated by
variations in the speed of rotation of the armature; Sixth, in mounting the
commutator loosely on the shaft so that it will be free to revolve thereon through
a considerable arc, its segments retaining their connections with their respective
armature coils for the purpose hereinafter to be explained; Seventh, in the use of
flexible conductors for placing said commutator segments in connection with their
respective armature coils, to permit of the movement of the commutator.
Eighth, in connecting the commutator to suitable mechanism, whereby its
relative position is automatically controlled in response to variations in speed
of rotation of the armature shaft; Ninth, in a current regulating device connected
with and controlling the commutator, relative to its points of maximum and
minimum current in re-response to variations in an electric current; Tenth in
so mounting the commutator brushes as to secure delicate adjustment of both
position and pressure; and Eleventh, in a new organization and combination of
the parts of a lamp, hereinafter explained and specifically recited at the close of
the specification. In the accompanying drawings. Figure 1 represents a plan
view of the machine showing the armature and pole pieces in horizontal section:
Figure 2 a front elevation of the same. Figure 3 a back elevation. Figure 4 a
section showing attachment of the armature to disc. Figure 5 a transverse section
of a portion of an armature and pole pieces of the field. Figure 6 a longitudinal
section through a portion of the armature partially wound showing form of the
sheet metal segments of which it is composed, and also showing a portion of the
field. Figure 7, a lateral perspective view of a portion of the armature also
partially wound. Figure 8 a side elevation of a portion of the machine showing the
governor controlling the commutator brushes, as attached. Figure 9 a vertical
section of a portion of the same. Figure 10 a front elevation of the same showing
the construction of the governor. Figure 11, a view of the commutator brush
holders, showing mode of attachment. Figure 12 a vertical section of a portion of
the same. Figure 13 a side elevation of a portion of the machine showing the
governor controlling the commutator attached. Figure 14, a plan view of the
governor showing its mechanism. Figure 15 a vertical sectional view of governor,
on line Y. Y. of Figure 14 showing commutator attached. Figure 16, a side view
of a part of the machine showing the current regulating device attached.
Figure 17 a front elevation of the current regulating device. Figure 18 a front
view of the retractile spring showing mode of attachment. Figure 19 a vertical
Bectional view on line,, of Figure 18 of retractile spring, showing commutator
attached. Figure 20 a view of the commutator brush holder showing mode of
attachment. Figure 21 a side elevation of one of the commutator brush clamps
showing mode of attachment in section. Figuro 22 a vertical sectional view of
the mechanism of the lamp. Figure 23 a bottom plan view with a portion of the
casting removed. Figure 24 a top plan view of the short circuiting or cut out
attachment with the core in section. Figure 25 a view of the binding post and
mode of attachment to the frame of the lamp. Figure 26 a detached view of the
positive carbon clamp. Figure 27 a sectional view of the negative carbon clamp.
Fiures 28 and 29 a modified form of clutch. Figure 30 a general view of lamp.
Similar letters refer to like parts throughout the several views in which
A, indicates the armature (Figure 1) which is composed of an annulus of soft

page_text: iron, either massive or otherwise shown in section by a, a, upon which is wound a
number of coils of insulated wire b, b, with their terminals so arranged that the
coils connect in series or multiple arc, in the usual manner, and at point of juncture
with a radial wire B, by screw b¹, which is secured to an insulating ring b³, the
armature being secured to a non magnetic disc C by bolts c, (Figure 4) which are
inserted through or protrudes from its iron core.
One of the important features of this invention is to so attach the armature that
it will present the greatest possible amount of surface for the magnetizing effect,
and, at the same time, insure a rigid attachment. This is accomplished by the
above system of bolting the armature at its end, the bolts c, affording sufficient
pressure to the small contact surface to insure the required rigidity. The disc C,
is secured to a shaft D, supported by bearings d, d, and is provided with a pulley d'.
The armature being so secured to the disc, that when the shaft rotates it will
revolve in a true circle. There are other ways of securing the armature to the
shaft as by placing it on a drum or cylinder of some thin non magnetic substance,
open at one end, but the method above described is preferred. In whatever
manner it is arranged it should be so mounted as to present its internal and
external, surfaces magnetically free to the pole pieces of the field. The field magnet
is composed of a casting E, which contains a journal d, and to the face of which
is bolted the cores of the helices F, F', F'. F³.
To the free end of each of their cores is secured castings f. f¹, f.ƒ³ the shape of
which is shown in the drawings, (see Figs, 1, 2, and 3). The inner surfaces of the
extension pieces f and f³, are turned concentric with the shaft, and very little
larger than the outer diameter of the armature; the outer surfaces of the
extension f' and ƒ³, are turned concentric with the former a very little smaller
than the inner diameter of said armature, the rear of the cavity being turned
concave in both outer and inner projections as shown.
The terminals of the belices are coupled in such a manner that the current
magnetizes fand f' of one polarity and ƒ and ƒ³, of the other polarity, thus
placing magnets of like polarity, both internal and external to the armature. These
magnets may be formed as shown in the drawings, or each pair coupled in one
casting and magnetized by one or more helices. In the common forms of dynamo
electric machines using annular armatures owing to the relative position of their
field magnets that portion of the coil only is efficient which lies exterior to the
ring and that portion which lies along the screened internal surface is not only
inefficient but adds materially to the resistance and heating effect of the armature,
and nothing to the electromotive force of the current generated. By the above
described arrangement of the field magnets, I obviate this, by making that
portion of the coil lying internal to the ring, equally efficient to that which is
external thereto, thus reducing the inefficient wire wound on the armature to a
minimum.
In employing the common form of an annular armature in a machine, such as
described above, in which the pole pieces of the field are presented both interior,
exterior, and to the free extremity of the armature, I have encountered certain
difficulties. The wire which is wound on the core covering a given angle on its
exterior is compelled to occupy the same angle along its lesser internal surface
which causes it to "pile up" thereby giving a greater depth of coil interior than
exterior, this compels the internal pole piece to be separated from the armature
core by a much greater distance than the one external with correspondingly
diminished effects. This defect I remedy by constructing the armature with
rectangular recesses, for the reception of the wire, which are equal on opposite
sides of the core, these are formed by providing the latter with projections interior
and exterior whose sides are parallel with a radius of the armature drawn from the
central point of the coils as shown in the drawings (see Figure 6.)
The armature is constructed substantially as shown in Figures 56 and 7.
G, G' are rings, preferably of soft cast iron, cast originally together for convenience,
in section their form was an elongated circle, after being split their sections are a

page_text: true semi-circle with 24 equidistant semi circular projections g, g', every fourth one
being larger as shown at g¹, g', and those on the front casting C, are left with a
square face g, 93, for the contact of the supporting arms H. The rings G, G', are
bored through the center of the six large projections g', g', and six rods I are firmly
secured into G as shown in Figure 5. These rods are next insulated with mica or
other good non conducting material; as shown at i, i. The segments composed
preferably of thin sheet iron, well annealed, are then placed in position. Their
shape can be readily seen at J. A central curved portion of these segments bears
five projections j, j, both interior and exterior and of equal radial length, the one
at either extremity being larger as shown at j, j, and all corresponding in size and
shape to those on the outer continuous rings, the perforations at the extremities
are 60 degrees apart, and are of the size of the exterior of the insulated rods on
which they fit. The method of building up the armature is as follows: Three of
these segments are shipped on the rods secured in ring G, filling every other space.
Then three others are shipped on filling the alternate vacant spaces and overlapping
at the ends in metal contact, as shown by dotted lines in Figure 6, before any more
segments are placed in position, a piece of insulation K, preferably mica, the shape
of which can be seen in the figures, is slipped on each rod, and six other segments
placed in position overlapping each other in metal contact as described. More
insulating pieces K are then slipped on said rods and so the building process goes
on until the required depth of armature is secured, when the ring Q³ is placed in
position as shown, and all are held firmly in place by means of pressure exerted
by nuts L L. The walls and floor of the rectangular spaces are then fitted with
mica or other good nonconducting material, and the armature is ready for winding.
The advantages of an armature constructed as described, are obvious, the mass of
the core being finely divided it is capable of receiving and parting with a heavy
charge from the field more instantaneously, which reduces the "magnetic inertia
of the armature to a minimum, and the segments being in metal contact with each
other circumferentially and isolated laterally, the induction of currents in the mass
of metal forming the core, is entirely prevented, thus eliminating the principal
source of heat and waste power in such armatures, Moreover the lapping of the
ends, together with the insulating pieces K. from spaces between the segments,
laterally, which increase the heat radiating surface of the armature and favors the
dissipation of such heat as is acquired by the rapidly changing magnetism and
resistance of the coils while in service.
I do not limit myself to the method of insulating the segments in pairs as
described. Two or more rings can be formed of the segments and insulated in
groups but in every case the segments-by metal contact must form an endless
circuit in line of circumference and be thoroughly insulated laterally. Non magnetic
rods can be used in place of the insulated rods I', but the latter is preferred. In
some cases it is thought preferable to make the ring G', of non magnetic material
as its mass increases the "magnetic inertia" of the armature as a whole, more than
is warranted by the efficiency gained. Segments are much superior to a continuous
ring in point of loosing its magnetism more quickly, absence of contortion while
annealing and great difference in actual cost. The armuture shown supports forty
eight coils, two in each rectangular recess as shown, and the field is presented at
four equi distant points both interior, oxterior and to the free extremity of the
armature, this latter arrangement, which is more fully described above, is of great
importance as it more than doubles the efficiency of the wire as compared with
that of the usual form of Pacinotti Machine. In the former something like 86 per
cent, of the wire is efficient as compared with 36 per cent, and less in machines
presenting pole pieces exterior only.
I am aware that it is not new to construct an annular armature of segments or
to provide depressions for the reception of the wire, but the distinction between
this armature and any other prior to it of which I am aware consists, in part, in
so disposing the segments as to make endless circuits circumferentially, which are
thoroughly insulated from each other, laterally and in forming parallelogramatic or

page_text: rectangular depressions for the reception of the wire on the internal, which are
identical to those on the external surface. M, is a commutator constructed of a
cylindrical casting m, bored to loosely fit the shaft with a flange at one end and
threaded at the other to fit a nut m³, on the exterior of this cylinder is placed an
insulating substance m², against the inner surface of both flange and nut are placed
rings of non conducting substance m³, into which are cut radial grooves equi
distant and numbering the same as the coils on the armature-into said grooves
are placed the commutator sections N, of metal which are held in position by
pressure exerted by a nut m', and to which are secured the flexible radial
conductors B, said sections being insulated as usual.
""
The commutator brushes O, O', as shown in Figures 1 and 2 are composed of
conductors preferably flexible so arranged in clamps o, o¹, and may be supported
by standards o, o³, to which they are adjustably attached and which are placed in
connection with their respective binding posts, one direct, the other as usual by
way of the field, or they may be supported as shown in Figures 20 and 21, by a
collar o', bored to fit a boss o, which projects from the inner end of a journal and
bears two diametrically opposite slotted projections of, and o, which support the
commutator brush clamps o, o', mounted loosely on the rods 08 0º, secured to but
insulated from the slotted projections. Said clamps bear springs o, o", the free
extremities of which rest in slots provided in the rods 0, 0, by means of which
the pressure of the brushes may be regulated by rotation of said rods. The
brushes are connected properly in circuit by the flexible wire o¹. The angular
adjustment of said brushes is secured by means of set screw and threaded rods as
shown. It is a well known fact that the neutral points on the armature, change
their position as the speed of rotation of the armature shaft varies and it is at
theso points, that the current should be taken from the armature. To hold the
contact points, of the commutator brushes, at that position on the commutator
which coincides with the neutral points on the armature, it becomes necessary as
the speed varies to change their relative position. The governors to be hereinafter
described, are to accomplish the above result by an automatic movement of either
the commutator or the brushes. In the case where the brushes are to be controlled
the commutator is stationary on the shaft as in other machines but the said brushes
are automatically controlled by the governor P, which is constructed of a short
cylindrical casting p, (see Figs. 8 and 10) having a hub which is bored to fit the
shaft, and provided with a set screw. In the cylinder p, are placed lovers p¹ p³,
fulcrummed at their extremity, near the periphery of the cylinder, and extending
beyond the shaft on its opposite sides. Near the free ends of these levers are
adjustable weights p³ p, and on the extremity of said levers beyond the weights
are attached one end of springs p³ po, to the other end of said springs are attached
screw threaded rods projecting through the angle pieces p', p", and which are
adjusted by means of nut and jam nuts, as shown. The levers p¹ p³, are connected
to a yoke Pl, by chains Q, Q', which pass around pulleys q, q', The yoke is
attached to and passes through a short rod g³, which fits in the shaft, the latter
being bored at its center to receive it, together with a spring g³, and is also
provided with a slot to receive the yoke P', The rod 9 has, at its extremity a
deep groove in which is placed the forks of a lever q, having a fulcrum at g³,
which is supported by a casting 9, and connected to the bell crank lever g7, by
rod q", said lever 97, has a fulcrum at point go, and is connected by rod q¹º, to the
brush holders mounted in the slotted projections of the collar o', which is mounted
loosely on the boss of the journal above described. The centrifugal action on the
governor diaws the yoke and its rod in toward the journal thus compressing the
spring g³, by means of the chains Q, Q¹.
These movements are transmitted through levers q', and q', and rods g', and q¹º,
to the moving support of the brushes, on which they act to inovo the said brushes
with each variation in speed, in such a manner as to hold their contact points at
those portions of the commutator which are coincident with the neutral points of
the armature at different speeds. A backward movement being effected by the

page_text: spring o̟³, as will be readily understood. This result is also accomplished by auto-
matically controlling the movement of a commutator which is mounted loosely on
the shaft and connected with the armature in such a manner as to retain its
connection with its coils, and at the same time, permit of its movement through a
considerable arc. The means by which this is accomplished (see Figures 13, 14
and 15) consists in a centrifugal governor constructed similarly to the preceding
one, with levers, weights and retractile springs, the levers however being connected
to the face of the nut m', of the loose commutator by links R, R', in such manner
that when the levers are thrown from the center by the centrifugal action of the
weights, the commutator is caused to turn on its shaft in a direction opposite to the
rotation, through an arc which is proportional to the amount of this action. This
backward movement makes the necessary connection which holds those points of
the commutator which coincide with the neutral points of the armature coincident
with the contact points of the commutator brushes. When the machine is used in
generating electricity for some purposes, as in plating, some forms of telegraphy
and in electric lighting by the multiple are incandescent system when a corre-
sponding resistance is not substituted on extinguishing a lamp, it is necessary to
reduce the amount of current in the main circuit, with the removal of each lamp,
to keep the light steady. This is effected by an attachment to the generator itself,
and is constructed as follows:
On the shaft D, outside of the bearing d, d, is cut a thread S, into which meshes
a worm gear S'. mounted on a shaft, one end of which is provided with a cam S³,
in the slot of which operates the end of a lever S³, giving it an oscillating move-
ment on its fulcrum, at points 8, the lower end of said lever is forked and bears
pawls 8', 8², pivoted at its extremities, with their contact parts in the centre, and
supported above ratchets 83, 84, by links 85, 8ª, which are connected to a lever a³, on
opposite sides of its fulcrum, said lever is provided, near its extremity with an
annular armature T, and a supporting spring T¹, capable of being adjusted above
the armature T, is a magnet T, of high resistance, which is in a shunt circuit of
the machine; or on a shunt of the main circuit of a machine, or a machines, the
field of which is maintained by this exciting machine. Directly under the pawls
8¹, 83, are the two ratchets &³, 8, of opposite plince, situated under their respective
pawls, which are attached to a shaft T, supported by a casting To, and upon which
is cut a thread fitted to a burr t, having a projection bearing a fork fitted to a
groove in the rod t, said rod is inserted in the shaft D, which is bored to receive it
and secured to a cross piece t, projecting through a slot in the shaft. There is
attached to the opposite ends of this yoke, two flexible chains t³, t, of equal length,
which pass around pulleys t³, and are secured to the face of the nut m³, of the
commutator M which is loose on the shaft, and provided with a retractile spring to,
(Figs 18 and 19) one end of which is attached to the supporting disc of the
armature, the other to a casting 17, secured to the flange of casting m of com-
mutator; the tension of this spring is in opposition to the chains, t, the
commutator being connected to the armature coils by the flexible conductors B.
The operation of the attachment is as follows:
The machine being in circuit with the field of another machine, larger than itself,
which, for instance, is maintaining a number of incandescent lamps in multiple arc,
the magnet T2, of high resistance, being in a shunt of the main circuit of the latter
machine, or in the same relative position as the lamps themselves, the armature of
the magnet is so adjusted by spring T', as to be held at point shown in the views
by the magnet while it is energized by a force which indicates that the lamps in
circuit are giving the proper illumination, when however the current strength
decreases, owing to the introduction of one or more lamps, or divisions, the
attractive force of the magnet M', also, decreases, releasing the armature T, which
overcoming the spring T'. tilts the lever 87, thus depressing one of the pawls 83,
which, in its movement engages the teeth of the ratchet s, turning the shaft T, in
direction indicated by arrow which moves the burr t toward the front journal this
movement draws the rod t', aud its cross piece in the same direction, thus, by

page_text: means of the chains and pulleys, turning the commutator on the shaft, in opposition
to the spring to, until the current by so doing is sufficiently strengthened to again
cause the magnet T, to hold its armature at the point indicated, at which, neither
of the pawls engage their ratchets; turning the commutator above referred to offers
relatively new points of contact for the brushes, which are nearer its points of
maximum current and permits them to collect a greater amount of current, and,
being used to excite the field of the larger machine, its augmentations will be
attended by a corresponding increase of the intensity of the field which will also
increase the intensity of the current generated by its armature which is in the
main light circuit. But in case the commutator should be drawn too far, in the
above case or one or more lamps be extinguished the magnet T', would attract its
armature, allowing the pawls, to engage its ratchet, which, by a motion opposite
to the first permits the retractile spring to, to move the commutator back to a
position less favorable for collecting the current, thus decreasing the main current
strength as above described.
I do not wish to be understood as limiting myself to any particular form of
regulating device, the essential features of which are in so controlling the
commutator as to control the intensity of the current generated by the machine.
The electric lamp, as shown in the various figures is constructed as follows:
U, indicates a casting of any suitable material forming the upper portion of the
frame of a lamp, provided with an upward hollow cylindrical projection. U¹, screw
threaded at its opening to receive the screw threaded end of a flanged tube Us, of
diamagnetic substance, which carries solenoid or helices U³, U, U, U, These
coils are wound of a single wire but in four separate helices all in the same
direction the first end of the wire is placed in permanent connection with the
positive binding post of the lamp. The connection of these helices to the
casting U is effected by means of wires U¹, U³, U³, U, which are secured to the
magnet wire at that point where it passes from one helix to the next, and brought
near the casting U, where any one of them can be placed in connection with it by
& screw as shown.
The casting u forms the lower portion of the frame carrying the mechanism of
the lamp, said casting, or frame being secured to the frame u, by means of screws
B3 shown.
A protecting tube U¹ is secured to the screw threaded end of the tube U³. The
core or armature of this compound solenoid is formed of a cylindrical piece of soft
iron V bored to loosely fit the carbon holder, or rod V³, and provided, at each end
with flanges V, V, which loosely fit the bore of tube U. Wound around this
core, between the flanges is a large number of coils of insulated fine copper wire V+,
Figs 22 and 24, the ends of which, are placed in permanent connection by flexible
conductors V, V, with the positive and negative binding posts, direct, i.e. not by
way of arc, in such a manner that the current will traverse the coil V*, in opposite
direction to that in the solenoids, which gives the core the form of a cylindrical
electro magnet of high resistance.
The direction of winding the wire on these coils is not essential, the point being
in so connecting them up or placing thein in circuit as to compel the current in the
coil in the arinature or moving core, to tend to magnetize said core of opposite
polarity to, or to neutralize that of the main solenoid, that is, the current would
circulate in opposite directions in the two coils. To the lower extremity of the
core V, is attached a lever v, which has its fulcrum v, said lever is connected to
two levers one directly opposite the other, by links ³ said levers v³, having a
fulcrum at v, and connected with a clutch vs, composed of a casting, and two
hooked levers, v. The clutch v³, may be directly connected to the core but the
method herein described and shown in the drawings is preferred.
Attached to the free end of the lever v, is an adjustable spring and a plunger ulo,
said plunger working in a dash pot ", connected to the frame v. The casting v
of clutch, is provided, at its centre, with a boss, bored to loosely fit the rod, v',
and to its extremities are pivoted the hooked levers v², v³, the hooked ends of which,

page_text: clutch the rod V₁, on opposite sides a short distance below casting vº, by mutual
impingement which impingement is due to the angular movement about their
pivots. An adjustable stop W, forms a guide for the rod V. The clutch u³, may
be varied, by prolonging the levers beyond their point of contact with the rod V³,
as shown in Figures 28 and 29, an adjustable stop W', being placed under the
extremity of each of the levers, by this construction a more sensitive device than
the preceding one, is obtained, with which, however satisfactory results have been
obtained. The cut out attachment Figures 22, 23 and 24 is composed of a casting w,
attached permanently to, but insulated from frame u, connected with negative
binding post, by wire w¹, and provided with two pivot points w², w³ on which
vibrates a casting w, made of iron and so shaped as to fit around a portion of the
core, but not in contact with it, being prevented by an insulated stop w³, said
vibrating casting is provided with a suitable contact point w, and an adjustable
retractile spring w³, connected to casting w, a casting Y is secured opposite to
casting w, to the frame u, but insulated therefroin, and is placed in connection
with a wire Y¹, by a resistance x, equal to the normal arc of the lamp, or
thereabouts. Said casting Y, being provided with an adjustable contact as shown.
The positive and negative carbon clamps, are of usual form, the former being
provided with a binder y for the flexible conductor y', the latter being adjustable,
laterally, to bring the carbon rods in line. The operation of the devices above
described, is as follows:
The current entering at the positive binding post, flows on wire Y¹ through such
a portion of the compound solenoid as is determined by that wire which is placed
in connection with the frame U, giving an adjusting principle which is found to be
valuable, the same lamp being equally adapted for strong or weak currents. From
frame U, the current follows the rod V', to the positive, and thence to the negative
carbon and along the lamp frame to the negative binding post. In traversing the
solenoid the coro V, is magnetized and drawn upward transmitting its motion by
means of the lever v, and V, to the clutch V³, raising it until the hooked levers by
being lifted from the stop W, clamps the rod V' and raises it, thus separating the
carbons and forming the arc. It will be readily seen that there are two passages
for the current through the lamp, one of high resistances passing through the coil V*
on the movable core and the other of comparatively low resistances passing through
the compound solenoid, carbons and are; now the amount of current flowing in each
of these divisions of the circuit depends upon their comparative resistance and any
increase of resistance of one is attended by an increase of current, passing in the
other, now in the above instance should the core be raised too far separating the
carbons, or by the consumption of the carbon on the part of the arc, it tends to
become abnorinal, thus increasing the resistance of this one of the two branch
circuits, the current in the other banch, i.e., the coil V* would be increased, and
owing to its opposite effects on the core, a portion of the magnetism induced by the
solenoid, would be neutralized and the attractive effect of the latter be decreaser,
thereby causing the core to descend, depressing the carbon until the resistance of the
main light circuit again becomes normal. It may be here stated that the resistance of
the coil V' is so adjusted that while the are is normal its magnetizing effect on the
core V is small as compared with that of the solenoid. These circuits are so arranged
that the core or armature, in its movements never changes its relative position to the
shunt circuit or coil 13, because of its being wound and secured thereon, whereas
it is constantly changing its position as regards the main circuit or solenoid; and
the wire in the shunt circuit or coil V being wound on the core as above stated
and moving with it, it is obvious that it, also, changes its relative position to the
said main circuit or solenoid. This arrangement has the advantage of having the
neutralizing coil V in the most favorable position on the core at all positions
thereof, so that its office can be performed by the least possible percentage of
current in the "by pass circuit." The movement of the rod V' above referred to,
is accomplished by permitting the hooked levers, of the clutch, to rest upon the
-adjustable stop W, releasing the rod and allowing it to descend until the arc is

page_text: normal, when they again impinge upon the rod, by an upward movement of the
core V, thus acting only as a friction brake, controlling the feed of the positive
carbon, while at any time, should it drop through too far, it is instantly raised and
a normal are, thereby constantly maintained. The dash pot V, prevents too rapid
and excessive movement of the core V, and carbon holder V₁, said dash pot being
situated as shown, has a great leverage over both core and carbon holder, and needs
no liquid to make it less sensitive. The adjustable spring V, is for the purpose of
balancing the weight of the parts, more or less as the intensity of the current
requires. The adjustable stops W and W', W' are important features of my
invention. It can readily be seen that there are zones of vibration in the solenoids,
at which the core is more sensitively controlled than at a position, either above or
below, and that this so called zone, will vary its relative position, as more or less
of the coils are used, it therefore becomes necessary to vary the working position
of the core, which is done by varying the relative position of that point, at which
the clutch releases the carbon holder, or by adjusting stop W. The short circuiting
or "cut out" device acts as follows:-The retractile spring w², holds the contact
point Wo, against that of Y¹ forming a passage for the current direct from positive
to negative binding post, but owing to the resistance X a portion of the current
passes by way of the solenoid and carbons, the core by this means is magnetized
as hereinabove described. The part w, (being of magnetic material) is attracted
by the induced magnetism of core V, and on an increase of the same, overcomes
the spring w, breaking the contact and drawing the part tot, against the insulated
stop w³ thus sending all the current normally through the lamp and carbons, but
when for any reason whatever-as the are becoming extinguished, or the positive
carbon holder catching, or being hindered from dropping the arc should offer too
great resistance. The core V owing to the weakening of the current in the
solenoid together with the neutralizing effect of the coil V, would loose a certain
amount of its magnetism and therefore its attractive force on the part w',
permitting the retractile spring w, to again establish contact between points w³,
and giving a free passage to the current through the lamp, and, in no way
interfering with the working of the remaining lamps in circuit, or the running of
the machine and on the arc becoming again normal, the lamp is automatically
thrown in circuit without any interruption. This it will be observed, is
accomplished without any extra magnet or coil, other than that used in the
regulator; before an entire break in the circuit has occurred, or even any undue
resistance is encountered by the current. This result, it can readily be seen, will
be accomplished when, for any reason whatever; The movable core of the
regulating magnet of the lamp, has lost a certain prescribed amount of its magnetism,
due to causes either internal or external to the famp.
The lamp hereinabove described is equally adapted to be used singly in circuit
or in serie. The mutual action and reaction of electro magnets as the controlling
element of the lamp, I have applied in various ways, such for instance as placing
both in circuit with the carbons, either in multiple arc, or in series; or placing both,
either in series or multiple are, in the shunt circuit forming the only regulating
magnets of lamps.
Having now described my invention and the manner in which the same may
be carried into practical effect, what I claim and desire to secure by letters
patent is;
1st In an electric machine, a stationary field magnet having divided or bifurcated
cores and adapted to operate in connection with a rotating annular arınature,
substantially as set forth.
2nd. In a dynamo electric machine, a stationary field magnet having the cores
of each of its poles or prolongations thereof constructed as described, to present
an extension piece, or part of the same, of like polarity both interior and exterior
to a transversely wound annular armature, substantially as set forth.
3rd. In a dynamo electric machine, a stationary field magnet consisting of the

page_text: casting E, coils b, b, and curved pole pieces F, F', Fª, F³, substantially as shown
and described.
4th. In a dynamo electric machine, a transversely wound annular armature,
the coils of which have their greatest dimension parallel with its axis, said
armature being secured by one of its ends on edges to a projection of the
armature shaft, the other extremity, or lateral edge being left magnetically free to
the pole pieces of the field, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.
5th. In an electric machine, the combination with a rotating transversely wound
annular armature secured to the shaft by one of its ends or edges, of the stationary
field magnets which present pole pieces interior, exterior and to the free extremity
of said armature, as and for the purpose set forth.
6th. In an electric machine the combination of the continuous core of a
transversely wound annular armature the disc C and bolts c, parallel with the
armature shaft, whereby the exterior and interior surfaces, together with one of
the lateral edges of armature are left free to the pole pieces of the field, and
at the same time, a rigid attachment to the armature shaft is effected by means
of the other lateral edge substantially as set forth.
7th. In a dynamo electro machine, the combination of the transversely wound
annular armature having iron core a and the disc secured to the armature shaft
substantially as set forth.
8th. In a dynamo electric machine, the combination with a transversely wound
annular armature, having iron core a, the disc C and radial commutator
conductors B of an insulating ring b, and binding screws substantially as and
for the purpose specified.
9th. An annular armature for an electric machine, having its greatest dimension
of cross section parallel with the armature shaft and secured thereto by means of
one of its ends or lateral edges, as described projecting its internal and external
parallel concentric surfaces together with its free extremity unbrokenly to the pole
pieces of the field, substantially as set forth.
10th. An annular armature, for an electric machine, provided with a series of
rectangular depressions on both its interior and exterior surfaces which are
identical in shape and equal in capacity substantially as and for the purposes set
forth.
11th. An annular armature, constructed of segments of thin sheet metal over
lapping at their extremities and supported by rods secured to one of the continuous
rings, said segments being connected by metal contact in continuous circuits in line
of magnetic axis or circumference and insulated in groups from each other
laterally or at right angles to said magnetic axis substantially as and for the
purpose set forth.
12th. An annular armature for an electric machine, constructed of segments of
thin sheet metal overlapping at their extremities in metal contact, disposed
between continuous rings on either lateral edge, said segments bearing projections
on their internal and external edges of equal radial length and which are of such
form as to have rectangular depressions on opposite sides of the core which are
equal in shape and capacity, substantially, as and for the purpose set forth.
13th. The combination with an annular armature, the body of which is composed
of segments of thin sheet metal disposed between continuous rings on each lateral
edge, of metallic rods which hold the separate parts in place, and, at the same time
secure the whole to projections of the armature shaft substantially as set forth.
14th. The combination with the commutator brushes, of an electric machine
mounted so as to turn freely concentric with the commutator of a centrifugal
governor connected therewith by suitable mechanism in such a manner as to
automatically control the movement of said brushes relative to those points on the
commutator which coincide with the neutral points of a transversely wound
annular armature, substantially as set forth.
15th. In an electric machine, the combination of a transversely wound armature
and its commutator brushes mounted so as to revolve concentric with said

page_text: commutator, the centrifugal governor and connecting mechanism, all constructed
and adapted to operate substantially as described.
16th. In an electric machine the combination of the governor P, located on the
shaft of the machine and provided with a system of weights and levers as
described, the rod q², spring q³, the commutator brushes and connecting mechanism
whereby the movement of the brushes is controlled, substantially as described.
17th. In a dynamo electric machine, the combination of the governor P, mounted
on the shaft of the machinery, the rod q³, spring g³, lever q, rod q³, bell crank
lever q, and rod ql, with the commutator brushes O, O', and their clamps, all
arranged substantially as set forth for the purposes specified.
18th. In a dynamo electric machine, a commutator mounted loosely on the
armature shaft its sections retaining their connections with their respective
armature coils in combination with means for automatically adjusting said
commutator as specified.
19th. In a dynamo electric machine, flexible conductors, in connection with the
sections of an adjustable commutator to place said commutators sections in
connection with their respective armature coils substantially as specified.
20th. In a dynamo electric machine the centrifugal governor as described, in
combination with the movable commutator and connected with the same, whereby
its relative position is automatically controlled in response to variations in the
speed of rotation of the machine, substantially as specified.
21st. The combination with the movable commutator, of a dynamo electric
machine, of a current regulating device substantially as described whereby the
commutator is caused to move automatically on the shaft relative to its points of
maximum and minimum current in response to variations in an electric current
substantially as described.
22nd. In a dynamo electric machine the combination with the commutator
brush clamp, of the supporting springs o", o", attached thereto, the free ends of
which rest in slots provided in rods 08, o, upon which the clamps are loosely
mounted, whereby the pressure of the brushes can be adjusted by rotating said rod
as described.
23rd. In a current regulating device, the combination of the pawls 8¹, 8ª, links
8, 8, lever 87, armature T and spring T, with ratchets &³, 8 substantially as
specified.
24th. In an electric lamp, the helices of its regulating magnet constructed of
separate coils, longitudinally disposed, coupled in series, and at point of juncture
with leading wires, any one of which can be placed in circuit, the first terminal of
the compound helix being placed permanently in circuit, as described, substantially
as and for the purpose set forth.
25th. In an electric lamp a helix in circuit with the carbons, in combination
with another helix in a shunt of said circuit and a movable core common to both
of said helices, one of which is secured upon said core and movable therewith
substantially as described
26th. In an electric lamp, two systems of electrical helices surrounding a
common movable core, said systems having different resistances respectively, one
system being in circuit with the carbons, and the other in a shunt of said circuit
and one of said systems being secured to the core and movable therewith,
substantially as described.
27th. In an electric lamp, two systems of electric magnetic helices, one in circuit
with the carbons and arc, the other in a shunt of said circuit so constructed and
adapted as to act differentially on each other, and on a movable core one of
the systems being secured to said core and moving therewith, substantially as set
forth.
28th. In an electric lamp, a hollow helix or solenoid in circuit with the carbons
and arc, in combination with a helix of high resistance in a shunt of said circuit
wound and secured on the core of said solenoid and moving therewith, substantially
as set forth.

page_text: 29th. In an electric lamp, the hereinbefore described friction clutch consisting
of a casting V hooked levers v³, vs, and operating mechanism substantially as and
for the purposo set forth.
30th. In an electric lamp having two systems electro magnetic helices for regu-
lating the carbons, the combination of the clutch V and upper carbon holder V₁,
substantially as specified.
31st. In an electric lamp, the combination of the adjustable stop, or stops, with
clutch and core, substantially as specificd.
32nd. In an electric lamp, the movable regulating core or armature of hollow
helices, or solenoid consisting of an electro magnet the helix of which is in the
shunt circuit of the lamp substantially as described.
33rd. In an electric lamp, a device substantially as described adapted to short
circuit the current from the regulating mechanism and carbons, when for any
reason, the induced magnetism of the core of its regulating magnet falls below a
certain prescribed amount, said devico being actuated by the inagnetism of said
core substantially as specified.
34th. In an electric lamp the auxiliary part W, in combination with the
movable core of the regulating magnet of the lamp and so actuated thereby as to
offer a passage for the current independent of the lamp except when the induced
magnetism of the said core is abovo a certain prescribed strength, substantially as
specified.
35th. In an electric lamp, the combination of a circuit including the regulating
helix carbons and arc and a shunt of that circuit including a helix of high
resistance operating therewith, with a shunt circuit of the lamp, the resistance
of which is equal to the normal arc or thereabout, operated by a contact piece,
which is actuated by the differential effects of the said two circuits substantially
as and for the purpose set forth.
36th. In an electric lamp, the combination of the auxiliary part W' retractile
spring Wand resistanco 2, with the lamps, regulating magnetic system
substantially as and for the purpose specified.
In witness whereof I the said Elmer Ambrose Sperry have hereunto sot
my hand and seal this 14th day of June in the Year of Our Lord Oue
thousand Eight hundred and eighty two.
ELMED
ADDOCK DEDDY