IMPROVEMENTS IN FURNACES, STOVES RANGES AND THE LIKE
Year: 1882

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Alfred Julius Boult of the firm of W. P. Thompson &
Boult, Agents for Foreign Patent Solicitors, of 323 High Holborn in the
County of Middlesex and 6 Lord Street Liverpool in the County of Lancaster
Engineer for an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN FURNACES, STOVES RANGES
AND THE LIKE A communication to him from abroad by Wilhelm G. A
Heiser of Berlin in the German Empire
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Alfred Julius Boult at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 2nd November 1882.
ALFRED JULIUS BOULT, of the firm of W. P Thompson & Boult, Agents for
Foreign Patent Solicitors, of 323 High Holborn in the County of Middlesex
and 6 Lord Street Liverpool in the County of Lancaster, Engineer, "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN FURNACES, STOVES, RANGES AND THE LIKE [A communication to him
from abroad by Wilhelm G. A. Heiser of Berlin in the German Empire.]
"
The improvements hereinafter described relate to the utilization of one or several
chambers in which the fuel is deprived of gases, being filled into the said chambers
and then reaching the fire-bars.
These chambers for depriving fuel of gases are to be used in all cases where
smoke is to be obviated and coal to be saved.
The system of eliminating the gases upon which these constructions are based,
and which remains the same for all cases inay be carried out as follows.
In proximity to the fire space of a boiler furnace or the like there is a chamber
in which the fuel is deprived of gases; there is an inclined grate and a horizontal
one. The construction of these grates may be any convenient one according to the
fuel to be employed.
.
The separation of the chamber for freeing the fuel from gases (or coking
chamber) from the fire space, is effected by a partition in such manner that between
the lower edge of said tongue and the beginning of the inclined grate an aperture
is left which is of sufficient size to allow the coal or other fuel to pass. According
to the nature of the fuel to be used the length of the tongue may be varied,

page_text: The operation of this arrangement is as follows. Supposing a fire to be lit in
the fire space and the coking chamber filled with coal which lays on the inclined
grate also, then it will be obvious that, that part of the coal which rests on the
horizontal grate is in full glow which decreases in the coal on the inclined grate in
proportion as the same lays higher up the grate, in such manner that at that part
of the inclined grate which is opposite to the partition, the coal is only of a dull red
and therefore yields but little heat. By the intense fire which is burning in the
fire space the whole side which turns towards it, vis-the partition, is strongly
heated throughout its mass, and this heat is transmitted to the fuel stored in the
coking chamber by radiation the gases (vapours) here developed have not however
the requisite temperature for ignition.
These gases must thereforo when passing to the fire-space traverse the red hot
layer of coal, this raises their temperature and they are completely burnt, after
having intermingled with the current of atmospheric air coming through the
openings in the grate and the glowing fuel.
To provide an easy passage to the fire-space for the gases produced in the
coking chamber when coal is used which readily cakes, that side of partition
which is turned towards the coking chamber is provided with ribs, projections or
furrows which run from top to bottom, this however is not absolutely necessary;
ribs of triangular, square or rounded cross section, may be used.
A separate air supply for the fuel may also be applied above the grate in such
manner that the air is previously heated by the fire itself, by forcing it to pass
through channels which are heated by heat radiating from the walls of the fire
space or which may be built into this latter as will be hereinafter described.
In a Cornwall boiler one or two coking chambers may be employed and
consequently also one or two inclined grates, the two coking chambers being for
instance placed transversely to the longitudinal axis of the boiler. The above
---mentioned. air supply to the fire space may be effected through the arched roof
of the fire chamber. In this there is provided a channel connected on the one
hand through holes with the fire chamber, on the other hand with the atmosphere
and at this point is provided with a slide for regulating the flow of air.
In an arrangement for a boiler with two furnaces, each of these has a coking
chamber and the air supply channel with its holes is provided in the middle
between the two fire spaces.
This channel is either constructed entirely of brickwork or of a metal box of
suitable shape in cross section which, to avoid its being burnt through, is surrounded
by brickwork or fire clay. The coking chambers in this case may be placed parallel
with the longitudinal axis of the boiler and fed from the front of the boiler. Other
forms of furnaces, such as those of vertical or tubular boilers, malt kilus, drying
rooms &c may be fitted with this invention, slight obvious modifications being
made where required.
An ordinary kitchen range may also be provided with this arrangement. As
only inconsiderable quantities of fuel need here he considered, and greater facility
of construction appears desirable the coking chamber with the partition are made
in one piece and preferably of cast, or even of wrought iron. The shape of the
coking chamber may be angular or semicircular.
The admission of air is effected by small channels or holes; in small apparatus
the grate may be replaced by perforated plates.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said Alfred Julius Boult in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
2nd May 1883.
ALFRED JULIUS BOULT, of the firm of W. P. Thompson and Boult Agents for
Foreign Patent Solicitors, of 323 High Holborn in the County of Middlesex
and 6 Lord Street Liverpool in the County of Lancaster, Engineer "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN FURNACES, STOVES, RANGES AND THE LIKE" a communication to mo
from abroad by Wilhelm P. [sic] A Heiser, of Berlin, in the German Einpire
The improvements hereinafter described relate to the utilization of one or several
chambers in which the fuel is deprived of gases being filled into the said chambers
and thence reaching the firebars.
It is obvious that these chambers for depriving fuel of gases are to be used in
all cases where smoke is to be obviated and coal to be saved and several forms of
construction are shown by way of example in the accompanying drawings.
To explain the system of eliminating the gases upon which these constructions
are based, and which remains the same for all cases, it is represented by diagrams
in Figures 1, 2, 3 and A represents the fire space, B the chamber in which
the fuel is deprived of gases, a is an inclined grate, a¹ a horizontal one. The
construction of these grates may be any convenient one according to the fuel to
be employed.
The separation of the chamber for freeing the fuel from gases (or coking
chamber) from the fire space, is effected by a tongue C in such manner that
between the lower edge of said tongue and the beginning of the inclined grate an
aperture is left which is of sufficient size to allow the coal to pass. According to
the nature of the fuel to be used, one of the arrangements shown in Figures 1. 3
are employed which differ only by the length of the tongue C. Generally however
the construction shown in Figure 1 will be found preferable.
The operation of this arrangement is as follows. Supposing a fire to be lit in
the firo space A and that the coking chamber B is filled with coal which, as is
shown in Figure 1 lies on the inclined grate a also then it will be obvious that
that part of the coal which rests on the horizontal grato a¹ is in full glow which
decreases in the coal on the inclined grate a in proportion as the same lies higher
up the grate, in such manner that at that part of the grate a which is opposite to
the tongue C the coal is only of a dull red and therefore yield but little heat. By
the intense fire which is burning in the space A the whole side which turns
towards it vis-the tongue C is strongly heated throughout its mass, and this heat
is transmitted to the fuel stored in the coking chamber by radiation (Figure 1)
the gases (vapours) here developed have not however the requisite temperature for
ignition wherefore they are compelled to pass the end of the tongue C in the
direction of the arrow Figure 1.
These gases must therefore pass to the fire space and in their path traverse the
red hot layer of coal, this raises their temperature and they are completely burnt,
after having intermingled with the current of atmospheric air coming through the
openings in the grate and the glowing fuel.
To provide an easy passage to the fire space for the gases produced in the
chamber B when coal is used which readily cakes, that side of the tongue or
partition C which is turned towards the coking chamber B is provided with
Fibs, projections or furrows which run from top to bottom (Figures 1, 2, 3, 3) as
will be seen from the section V W (Figure 3a) of Figures 1, 2, 3 this however
is not absolutely necessary and moreover ribs of triangular, square or rounded cross

page_text: section, as may be desired, may be used on that side of the tongue C which is
turned towards the coking chamber.
A separate air supply for the fuel may also be applied above the grate in such
manner that the air is previously heated by the fire itself, by forcing it to pass
through channels which are heated by heat radiating from the walls of the fire
space or which may he built into this latter as will be hereinafter described.
Generally the coking chamber or chambers will be placed either parallel with the
axis of the steam boiler or transversely thereto according to the position of the
entire arrangement; the former arrangement is however preferred.
Figure 4 shows a Cornish boiler in which two coking chambers B B are
employed and consequently also two inclined gates a, the two coking chambers
being placed transversely to the longitudinal axis of the boiler. The above
mentioned air supply to the fire space is effected through the arched roof of the
fire chamber. In this there is provided a channel c connected on the one hand
through the holes with the fire chamber A on the other hand with the
atmosphere and at this point is provided with a slide z for regulating the flow
of air.
Figure 5 shows a Cornish boiler with only one coking chamber B placed
transversely to the longitudinal axis of the same. The arrangement of the air
supply C through the channel c' and holes b¹ takes place exactly as described with
reference to Figure 4.
Figures 6 and 6 are cross section and longitudinal section of an arrangement
for a boiler with two flues. Each of these has a coking chamber B and the air
supply channel C² with holes b² is provided in the middle between the two fire
spaces A A
This channel C is either constructed entirely of brickwork or of a metal box of
suitable shape in cross section, to avoid its being burnt through, is surrounded
by brick work. The coking chambers B B in this case are placed parallel with the
longitudinal axis of the boiler and are fed from the-front of the boiler.
Figures 7 and 7" show two sections of an upright boiler with two coking
chambers B the air being supplied by the channel c³ provided in the brickwork and
the trellissed plate b³.
Figure 8 shows a part of an ordinary kitchen range provided with this arrange-
ment. As only inconsiderable quantities of fuel need here be considered and
greater facility of construction appears desirable the coking chamber B with the
partition C are made in one piece and preferably of cast or even of wrought iron.
Figure 8 is a modification of the cooking range-arrangement which differs from
that just described only by the semicircular shape of the coking chamber.
The admission of air is in both effected by small channels or holes in small
apparatus the grate may be replaced by perforated plates.
An exact representation of the brickwork for a. tubular boiler is shown in
Figures 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, there is shown in Figure 9 a longitudinal section on line
AB Figure 10 a plan G H; Figure 11 section on J K Figure 12 section on CD,
Figure 13 front elevation.
The coking chambers B are here arranged parallel to the longitudinal axis of
the boiler and may be fed through the doors g; h are the doors of the fire space A;
a is the inclined grate a¹ the horizontal one consisting of ordinary fire bars. C is the
partition which separates the coking chamber B from the fire space A. The
admission of air takes place by the channel d consisting of a cast iron box lined with
fireclay. This box is placed in the centre of the firespace A and opens into the
furnace front where it is closed by an adjustable slide p so as to regulate the amount
of air flowing out from the holes S.
Figures 14, 15, 16, 17, represent a Bouilleur boiler provided with this furnace
arrangement. Figure 14 being a longitudinal section on line A' B₁ of Figuro 15.
Figure 15 a plan on line C D of Figure 16.-Figure 16 cross section on E F of
Figure 15, Figure 17 clevation.
The coking chambers B in this arrangement are also parallel with the longi-
"

page_text: tudinal axis of the boiler and A is the fire spaco which by a partition D somewhat
bevelled off at the two sides, is divided into two parts (Figure 16).
As will be readily understood the system of firing and coking shown in diagrams
in Figures 1-3 may be used for all other industrial purposes, for instance for
malt drying kilns for drying rooms for central heating arrangements, in fact in all
cases where the utmost utilization of the heating capacity of the fuel is to bo
obtained and combustion to be rendered smokeless. This system may be applied
even for stoves as will be clearly seen by the Figures 8, 8.º in the drawings
showing kitchen ranges.
Finally it is worth mentioning that this system of firing and coking is applicable
not only for stationary boilers set in brickwork but also for portable and locomotivo
boilers, in which howover the parts under consideration have to be suitably
adapted.
It is also to be observed that the hereinabove described system of firing enables
slags or clinkers readily to be removed as the plane grates on which the clinkers
are formed are readily accessible without interference with the continuous coking
of the fuel in the chambers B.
With reference to the constructions just hereinabove described the tongue or
partition C has generally been made of fire clay or other masonry, in some cases
however the same may be replaced by suitably constructed parts of the boiler
itself, in which water circulates, so that these parts of the boiler at the same time
serve for absorbing heat and thus a greater formation of steam takes place.
The construction of such boilers in which the tongue C is formed as an integral
part thereof, may differ according to the purpose they are to serve, and some of the
forms have therefore been represented in transverse section in the accompanying
Drawings.
Figure 18 represents a simple cylindrical boiler upon which the partition C is
constituted by a channel or trough constructed in sheet metal and extending (over
the whole length of the boiler or over a part of the same.
The interior of this
channel is in communication with the space within the boiler, and conseque
always contains water. A is the fire space B the chamber in which the fuel i,
deprived of its gases, a a¹ are the grates. Figure 19 shows a similar part of a
boiler to that shown in Figure 18 but the partition C is here constituted by.
a cylindrical tube c which by a series of short pipes is connected with the boiler.
For the purpose of thus forming the partition it is however necessary to fill up the
space between the tube c and the boiler by masonry, as otherwise this would not
result in continuous tongue, but in a perforated one.
Figure 20 shows a boiler for heating by hot water and for similar purposes it
consists of two cylindrical boilers de one inserted within the other and in the
latter there is the chamber B in which the fuel is deprived of its gases, as well as
the fire space A, and also the partition C. No steam space is provided in this
boiler; the partition C can be constructed as shewn in Figures 18 and 19. This
arrangement is also to be applied to boilers with internal firing (Cornish boilers).
Figure 21 shows a boiler with two flues in which there are two chambers in
which the fuel is freed from gases, two partitions C and two fire spaces A. These
partitions Care of the same construction as described with reference to Figure 19
might however be constructed, as described with reference to Figure 18. The
chambers in which the fuel is freed from gas are placed at the two sides of the
boiler.
Figure 22 is a construction similar to that shown in Figure 21 but there is
however only one chamber B for depriving the fuel of gas, and this is centrally
below the boiler and is formed directly by the partition C.
It is obvious that the two fire spaces are at the sides.
Figure 23 represents how tubular systems may be heated vis-the partition C
and the roof of the chamber B are produced by filling up the space between the
tubes with masonry.

page_text: As already stated this modification essentially consists, not in the particular
shape of the partition or tongue C but in that the same forms an integral part of
the boiler to be heated, and communicates with the water space thereof so that the
heat necessarily absorb serves not only for heating the chamber B but is utilized
directly for raising steam also.
Having now fully described the said Invention as communicated to me by my
foreign Correspondent and the manner of performing the same I wish it understood
that what I claim and desire to protect under the hereinbefore in part recited
Letters Patent is :-
First: The tongue or partition C which in such a manner separates the
chamber B in which the fuel is freed from gases, from the fire space A, that the
gases and vapours developed in chamber B by heat radiating from the partition C
are compelled to pass over a layer of incandescent coal on the inclined grato a so
that their temperature is raised and that they ignite at once upon arriving in the
fire space substantially as described and shown,
Second-The arrangement of the furnace in such a manner that the chamber in
which the fuel is deprived of its gases, or any desired number of such chambers, are
placed either parallel with the longitudinal axis of the boiler to be heated or
transversely thereto substantially as described and exemplified in Figures 4-17 of
the drawings.
Third The separation of the fire-space A from the chamber in which the fuel is
deprived of its gases by means of a partition C in combination with a suitably
inclined grate upon which the fuef in proximity to the partition becomes
increasingly glowing till it arrives upon the horizontal grate of the fire space A
where it reaches the highest point of incandescence the gases evolved in chamber B
being simultaneously therewith consumed.
Fourth-The application of this system to kitchen ranges and stoves sub-
stantially as set forth,
Fifth The use of channels-for--introducing atmospheric_air_into_the fire space
above the grate, combined or not combined with the improvements indicated in
claims 1 to 3 for the purpose of obtaining a better combustion even if the
apertures of the grato should happen to bo partially choked substantially us
described.
Sixth. In the partition or tongue C separating the fire-space A from the chamber
where the fuel is freed from gases, the employment of ribs or projections of any
convenient shape, upon the surface next to the chamber wherein the fuel is freed
from gases, for the purpose of facilitating the escape of the developing gases to the
fire space A when coal is used which is apt to "Cake" substantially as described
and shewn,
Seventh-The employment of one or more partitions C which form an integral
part of the boiler to be heated, are constructed of the saine metal as the boiler and
communicate with the water-space thereof in such a manner, that the heat absorbed
by the partition serves not only for heating the chamber in which the fuel is
deprived of its gases, but at the same time is used directly for raising steam also,
the partition C being arranged in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the
boiler substantially as set forth.
Eighth The arrangement of internal firing for hot-water-heating or steam
boilers (Cornish-boilers) one or more of the partitions C named in claim 7 being
used in combination with the chambers B for depriving the fuel of gases, and with
the grates a a¹ substantially as set forth.
=
Ninth The construction of the chamber B for depriving the fuel of gases of two
partitions C, as described in claim 7 the said chamber B being centrally situated
below the boiler substantially as described and illustrated in Figure 5 of the
accompanying drawings.
Tenth The construction of the chamber B for depriving the fuel of gases and of
the partition C in tubular boilers by bricking up certain spaces between the tubes

page_text: with fire brick substantially as described and shewn in Figure 6 of the
accompanying drawings.
Eleventh The employment of the partition C for open receivers (brewing pans)
for evaporating apparatus, and similar open vessels which are to be heated.
In witness whereof I, the said Alfred Julius Boult, have hereunto set my
hand and seal this second day of May in the year of our Lord one
thousand eight hundred and eighty three
ALFRED J. BOULT (L.S.)