and Analogous Fastening or Locking Appliances.
Year: 1886

page_text: and Analogous Fastening or Locking Appliances.
We, ALFRED WILLIAM MARSHALL, Mechanical Engineer, of Loughborough Road,
Brixton, in the county of Surrey, and THEOPHILE LAHAYE, Mechanical Engineer, of
Old Compton Street, Soho, in the county of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature
of this invention to be as follows:-
Our invention chiefly relates to printers' quoins, but is applicable also to rail
fastenings (for securing rails in their chairs), and to analogous locking or fastening
appliances.
The locking appliance chiefly comprises a stationary base-plate or box, a moveable
cover plate placed at a variable distance from the base plate, and a specially constructed
rotary wedge placed between the base and the cover plate.
This rotary wedge is a disc or boss pivoted on a stud perpendicular to the base
plate and forming on its lower face (or on each face) a helical surface which when the
disc is turned on the central stud, acts like a wedge on the correspondingly inclined
surface of the base plate. The pivotal stud may be screwed into the base plate and
pass through the cover plate, so as to serve as a guide to the same, which may be
further guided by posts projecting upward from the corners of the base plate.
For turning the rotary wedge, the latter may be provided with a handle or lever, or
it may be formed like a screw-nut to be turned by a key.
In the case of printers' quoins, the base plate is adapted to slide on the incline of a
long metallic wedge, preferably made I shaped in cross section, the base plate being
made wider than the top flange of the I and provided with ears bent down over the
said flange, so as to prevent the base plate from being lifted off the wedge.
In using our invention, the wedge and locking appliance are inserted between the
side of the printers' forme and the contiguous side of the chase; the sliding base plate
is approximately placed into its correct position, after which the rotary wedge is
turned so as to lift the moveable cover plate and press it firmly against the side of
the forme or chase.

page_text: The long iron wedge or side stick may have two or more inclined planes one after
the other, either parallel with each other or placed symmetrically, each incline being
provided with a separate locking appliance.
We prefer to arrange the locking appliance in such a manner that the locking lever,
and therefore the helical surface, can only make about half a turn.
In the case of rail fastenings, means must be provided to prevent any accidental
motion of the locking appliance parallel with the rail in consequence of vibrations
produced by the traffic. For this purpose two alternative formes may be adopted.
Where the inner face or side of the chair has already a recess, the cover plate of the
locking appliance has a corresponding projection fitting into the said recess, the
pivotal stud is screwed into the boss of the circular wedge, and the head of the stud
faces the rail, sufficient play being allowed for the to and fro motion of the head, by a
recess in the base plate. The point of the stud projects into the cover plate which
rests against the face or inside of the chair.
Where there is no recess in the face of the existing chairs, the cover plate of the
locking appliance is made longer than the chair and provided at one end with a flange,
while a washer is attached to the other end, so that the chair is held between the
flange and washer.
The turning of the circular wedge will press the base plate against the side of the
rail, and the cover plate against the inside of the chair, thereby securing the rail in its
position. The accidental loosening of the wedge may be prevented by a spring-
catch which holds the lever or handle in its extreme position.
FAIRFAX & WETTER,
433, Strand,
Agents.

page_text: Improvements in or Connected with Printers' Quoins, Rail Fastenings,
and Analogous Fastening or Locking Appliances.
We, ALFRED WILLIAM MARSHALL and THEOPHILE LAHAYE, of 433 Strand,
London, in the County of Middlesex do hereby declare the nature of our invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement :-
Our invention chiefly relates to printers quoins, but is applicable also to fastenings
for securing rails in their chairs and to analogous locking or fastening appliances.
In the following description reference will be made to the accompanying drawings:
sheets 1, 2 and 3; of which sheet 1 illustrates the application of our invention to
printers' quoins, sheet 2 its application to rail fastenings, and sheet 3 its application
to window fastenings.
Fig. 1 is a side elevation and Fig. 2 a plan of a quoin and wedge or side stick,
while Fig. 3 is a section along line X-X of Fig. 1 and Fig. 4 a section along
line YY of Fig. 2. Fig. 5 illustrates a side stick B' composed of two symmetrically
placed wedges and provided with two quoins, indicated by dotted lines. Fig. 5
illustrates also a double side stick B2 in which the wedges are slanting inwardly
instead of outwardly as in Fig. 5. Fig. 6 represents a forme and chase provided
with quoins embodying our invention. The remaining figures of sheet 1 represent
details and modifications on a larger scale.
The principal feature of our improved printers quoins is the combination of the
ordinary wedge or inclined plane with a circular wedge or screw action for producing
the final adjustment.
Г
On the wedge A, preferably I shaped in cross section, is mounted the base plate B
of the quoin, and adapted to slide on the wedge. The lower surface of this block or
plate B is inclined at the same angle as the upper surface of the wedge A, and the
upper part forms a helical surface around the central boss or eye b; (see detail view
Fig. 8 which is a plan of the block B after removal of circular wedge C and cover
plate D); is the ridge which separates the beginning from the end of the said
helical surface, (see also side view Fig. 7). A pair of posts, 12, 12, extend upward
from the block B and serve as guides for the cover D. Between the block B and the
cover D is a circular wedge C, provided with handle c. This wedge is pivoted on a
central pin E screwed into the boss of the block B, and through the latter as
indicated by Fig. 3. The central pin E extends upward into the cover D, which has
a socket equal in diameter to the head e of the pin E, but somewhat deeper, so as to
allow a slight up and down motion of the cover D, while the pin E remains stationary.
The lower surface of the circular wedge C is helical, so as to fit upon the helical
surface of the block B, as shown in Fig. 7. In the bottom view, Fig. 9, of the
circular wedge, c¹ is the radial ridge separating the beginning from the end of the
helical surface.

page_text: To prevent the block B from being accidentally lifted off the wedge A, the
block B has a pair of ears 63 bent down over the upper flange of the wedge A, as
shown in Figs. 1 and 3.
In Fig. 6, F represents a chase, and G, a forme secured to the chase by our
improved quoins on two adjoining sides. 13³, B³, is a double wedge, the inclined
planes of which are parallel with each other.
In using our improved quoins the lever c is turned into the position represented by
Fig. 2, at which point the distance between the upper surface of the wedge C and the
base of the wedge A is a minimum ; then the base plate B together with the wedge C
and cover D is made to slide along the inclined plane of the wedge A until the
cover D touches, (or nearly touches), the side of the forme G; subsequently the
lever c is turned in the direction of the arrow, Fig. 2, until it occupies the point
indicated by dotted lines, whereby the plate D is raised and pressed against the side
of the forme so as to secure the same in the space.
C,
.. Figs. 10, 11, and 12 illustrate a combination tool which may be used either as a
prolongation of the lever c, where the quoins and therefore also the lever
is very
short or as an instrument to facilitate the unlocking of the quoin. In using the tool
as a prolongation, the part his applied to the end of the short lever, so that the latter
fits into the flat groove after which the instrument is turned like a lever. In using
the instrument for unlocking the quoin, the wedge shaped extremity / is introduced
between the lever and the surface upon which the forme is resting, so that the edge
of the lever enters the concave part of the extremity ¹ thereby forcing the lever
upward.
Figs. 13 and 14 represent a modification which consists in making the stud or
pivot E¹ in one piece with the base plate B instead of screwing it into the same as
represented by Fig. 3. The head of the stud E¹ is produced by rivetting after the
cover plate D has been put into its place.
On sheet 2, Fig. 15 is an elevation, Fig. 16 a cross section, and Fig. 17 a plan
showing a double headed rail I, fastened to its chair J by our improved rail fastener.
The remaining figures of sheet 2 represent details and modifications. The plate K
resting against the web of the rail corresponds to the base plate B of the printers
quoins, the part L to the circular wedge C, the counter plate M to the cover plate D,
and the axle O to the pivotal stud E. The shape of the base plate K is shown in
detail by the front view Fig. 18, and the end view by Fig. 19.
Fig. 20 is a top view, Fig. 21 an elevation and Fig. 22 a bottom view of the
circular wedge L with lever 1. Fig. 23 is an elevation, Fig. 24 a plan and Fig. 25 a
vertical section of a counter plate M provided with flanges m, m, fitting over the sides
of the chair J, and with a longitudinal groove m' for introducing the point of the
pivot or axle.
Fig. 26 is a longitudinal and Fig. 27 an end elevation of a bolt for retaining the
lever m in its locking position after having tightened the circular wedge L. Fig. 28
is a longitudinal elevation and Fig. 29 an end elevation of a modified form of counter
plate M having a projection m² in the centre, instead of flanges m at the ends. Fig. 30
represents a key which may be applied to the end of the locking lever / for turning the
same with greater force.
As shown by Fig. 21, the extremity of the lever is bent at an angle, and provided
with two square sockets 1, 2 adapted to receive the square part of the bolt P (Figs. 26
and 27). The bolt P has a head p, a cylindrical part and an eccentric pin p³.
A split pin p³, inserted behind the lever prevents the bolt from falling out, in
consequence of vibration,
In using the rail fastening the plate M is placed against the inside of the chair, the
circular wedge L together with bolt O and plate K is introduced between the plate M
and the web of the rail by causing the conical head o of the bolt to slide in the
horizontal groove m¹ of the plate M until it enters the notch in the middle of the said
groove, the lever occupying the position shown in Fig. 15 by dotted lines. The
lever l'is then turned to the opposite side as indicated in Fig. 15 by arrows, until the
circular wedge has sufficiently tightened the plates K and M, and one of the two

page_text: holes and is situated under the base of the rail, after which the bolt P is inserted
into the said socket hole, so that the eccentric pin p² comes in contact with the base of
the rail as shown in Fig. 16. As the square part P may occupy four different
positions or angles relatively to its socket, and each position corresponds to a different
angular position or height of the pin p², the peculiar construction of the bolt P in
combination with the alternative sockets and 12 may serve for locking the lever / at
different angles. It is evident, however, that other means may be employed for
providing the necessary adjustment.
The flanges m, m of the plate M, and the projection m² of the plate M², serve the
same purpose, namely to prevent the accidental motion of the counter plate parallel
with the rail in consequence of vibrations produced by the traffic. The projection m²
is intended to fit into a recess on the inner face of the chair, and will therefore be used
where the existing chairs are already provided with such recesses.
Where this is not
the case, we make the counterplate M longer than the chair and provide it with
flanges, or we employ any other convenient means for keeping the counter plate in its
position. The axle o passing through the centre of the circular wedge L shares the
axial motion of the wedge L during the turning of the latter, and is guided in a
socket passing through the base plate K and its boss k.
On sheet 3, Fig. 31 is a front elevation, Fig. 32 a vertical section, and Fig. 33
also a vertical section showing the application of our invention for fastening sash
windows, such as the windows of railway carriages, at different heights by means of
friction.
Qrepresents a sash adapted to slide up and down between the frame work R
and R¹. S is the circular wedge provided with lever s and made in one piece, with
the axle spassing through the frame work R. The inner end of the axle s¹ abuts
against a spring U secured at the top to the frame work and placed so as to come in
contact with the face of the sash Q. The yoke T which corresponds to the base
plate B of Fig. 1 is attached to the face of the frame work, and forms a bearing for
the journal or pivot s² made in one piece with the circular wedge S. This window
fastener operates as follows:
The sash is first raised or lowered to the required height while the handle s occupies
the position represented in Fig. 31 by full lines, after which the handle s is turned
down into the position indicated by dotted lines; thereby pressing the axle s² against
the spring U and causing the latter to clip the sash firmly between the spring and the
inner frame work R. For releasing the sash it is only necessary to turn the handle s
back into its highest position. Fig. 32 shows in dotted lines the position of the
spring U and axles when the handle s occupies its lowest or locking position.
Fig. 34 is a side view and Fig. 35 a front view of the circular wedge S with handles,
axle sand pivot s². Fig. 36 is a side elevation and Fig. 37 a front elevation of the
yoke T provided on its inner side with a helical counter surface t for the circular
wedge S and in the centre with a socket or bearing t¹ for the pivotal stud ².
Fig. 38 is a perspective view of the contact spring or plate U. The pressure of this
spring against the axle s', keeps the wedge S in contact with the counterplate so as to
prevent the levers from accidentally dropping while in the position represented by
Fig. 32. The spring also serves to increase the surface with which the bolt s' acts on
the sash.
It is evident that the printers quoin, as well as the rail fastening and the window
fastener, may be so modified that the circular wedge has a helical surface on each face,
so as to form a double wedge or screw, without departing from our invention; but
we prefer the single acting wedge on account of simplicity and cheapness.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said Invention,
and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I claim is :
1. The combination of a wedge shaped bar or side stick with a block adapted to
slide along the incline of the said stick, an adjustable cover plate adapted to move
with the said stick, and a circular wedge pivoted between the sliding block and the
cover plate, the said circular wedge being adapted to turn with its helical surface or

page_text: surfaces on a corresponding helical surface or surfaces of the sliding block, or cover
plate, or both.
2. The combination of longitudinally grooved side stick A, with sliding block B,
circular wedge C, cover plate D, and pivot E.
3. The combination of a longitudinally grooved side stick A, with a sliding block B
having ears 63 bent down into the groove or grooves of the side stick, a circular
wedge C, a cover plate D, and a pivot E.
4. The combination of block B having guide-posts 62, with pivot E, circular
wedge provided with lever c, and cover plate 1 guided and secured by pivot E and
posts 6. The whole substantially as described and illustrated by sheet 1 of the
drawings.
5. A rail fastening comprising in its construction a chair, a base plate adapted to
press against the side of the rail, a counter plate secured to the inside of the chair, a
circular wedge pivoted between the base plate and the counter plate, and means for
turning the said wedge.
6. The combination of a rail chair, with a base plate adapted to press against the
side of the rail, a counter plate secured to the inside of the chair, a circular wedge
pivoted between the said plates and provided with a lever, and means for securing the
said lever in its locking position.
7. The combination of a rail chair, with base plate K, counter plate M, circular
wedge L, pivot or axle O, and means for turning the wedge.
8. The combination of a rail chair with base plate K, counter plate M³, circular
wedge L, pivot or axle O, and means for turning the circular wedge.
9. A circular wedge L, provided with lever and with adjustable bolt P. The
whole substantially as described and illustrated by sheet 2 of the drawings.
10. A window or sash fastener, comprising in its construction an axle or bolt
moveable towards or from the sash or window, a circular wedge adapted to move the
said axle, a stationary counter plate serving as an abutment or base to the circular
wedge and means for turning the said wedge.
11. A window or sash fastener comprising in its construction an axle or bolt
moveable towards and from the sash or window, a circular wedge adapted to move the
said axle, a stationary counter plate serving as an abutment or base to the circular
wedge and a contact spring adapted to press the circular wedge against the counter
plate.
12. The combination of circular wedge S and axle si with counter plate or yoke T,
and means for turning the said wedge.
13. The combination of circular wedge S, axle s' and pivot s², with counter plate
adapted to serve as a bearing for the pivots, contact spring or plate U, and means
for turning the circular wedge.
14. The combination of circular wedge S, axle s, lever s¹ and pivot s² with counter
plate T adapted to serve as a bearing for the pivot s², and a contact spring or plate U.
The whole substantially as described and illustrated by sheet 3.
FAIRFAX & WETTER,
433, Strand, London,
Agents for the Applicants.