CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN CERTAIN MACHINERY FOR MANUFACTURING OF BOBBIN NET LACE
Year: 1833

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
CROFTS, late of Lenton, but now of Radford, both in the County of Nottingham,
Mechanic, send greeting.
WHEREAS, I did, by Petition, humbly represent unto His present most
Excellent Majesty King William the Fourth, that I had invented "CERTAIN
IMPROVEMENTS IN CERTAIN MACHINERY FOR MANUFACTURING OF BOBBIN NET LACE;"
and His said Majesty, being willing to encourage all useful inventions, was
graciously pleased, by His Royal Letters Patent under the Great Seal of the
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, bearing date at Westminster,
the Eleventh day of February now last past (One thousand eight hundred and
thirty-three), in the third year of His reign, to give and grant, for Himself
and His heirs and successors, unto me, the said William Crofts, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, His especial licence, sole privilege and authority,
that I or they should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend my
said Invention within that part of His said Majesty's Dominions called
England and Wales and the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, and the Colonies:
and Plantations abroad, by myself, or by my executors, administrators, and
assigns, or by my or their servants, deputies, or agents, or such others as I
or they should appoint (and no others), from time to time during the term of
fourteen years from the date of the said Letters Patent, whereby His said
Majesty enjoins all His subjects whatsoever not to imitate, counterfeit, or
resemble the said Invention. And whereas the said Letters Patent contain a
N

page_text: proviso obliging me, the said William Crofts, particularly to describe and
ascertain the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to
be performed, by an instrument in writing under my hand and seal, and cause
the same to be enrolled in His Majesty's High Court of Chancery within six
calendar months after the date of the said Letters Patent, as in and by the
same (reference being thereunto had) will more fully and at large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
William Crofts, do hereby declare that my said Invention is described and
ascertained in manner following (reference being had to the ten Sheets of
Drawings hereunto annexed) :-
My improvements relate to certain machinery for manufacturing of bobbin
net lace with ornamental spots therein, which spots are joined in the bobbin
net lace, whilst the same is in progress of fabrication, by the aid of suitable
parts of the machinery, which are brought into operation at suitable intervals
for the purpose of curling up and accumulating some of the same threads
whereof the plain bobbin net is formed in such manner as to form spots in
the said net, without introducing any other threads than those whereof the
bobbin net lace is usually fabricated by machinery, the said parts by the
aid of which the ornamental spots are so formed being additions to the
machinery usually employed for manufacturing of plain bobbin net lace,
which additional parts remain inoperative whilst the plain part of the net
is making by the usual operations of the usual parts of bobbin' net lace
machinery; but at intervals the said additional parts are brought into operation
for curling up and accumulating certain of the threads into spots, as aforesaid;
at every part of the plain net where the intended ornamental pattern requires
such spots to be formed thereon, the usual operation of the usual parts
of bobbin net lace machinery, whereby the plain net is made, being suspended
whilst the said additional parts are in operation for forming the spots. And
whereas Mr. William Sneath, of Ison Green, in the County of Nottingham,
obtained a Patent, dated the Thirty-first day of December, One thousand eight
hundred and thirty-one, for Certain Improvements in Machinery for the
Manufacture of Bobbin Net Lace, and in his Specification, which was inrolled
in the Chapel of the Rolls on the Thirtieth day of June, One thousand eight
hundred and thirty-two, he explained his improvements to consist in applying
certain additional parts (which are therein fully described) to bobbin net
lace machinery for the purpose of forming ornamental spots by employing
the said additional parts at proper intervals to curl up and accumulate around
certain of the pins called points (by which pins the meshes of the lace net
are taken up) suitable portions of those particular bobbin threads (that is,

page_text: diagonal traversing threads) which belong (for the time) to those parts of the
net where spots are intended to be formed therein, the said curling up of.
particular bobbin threads around the corresponding points being repeated
as many times as is necessary in order to accumulate such a quantity of
each bobbin thread (or pair of adjacent bobbin threads) around each point
as will form a spot of the required size; but after every repetition of thus
curling up each bobbin thread (or pair of bobbin threads) it is caused to
pass around behind its corresponding warp thread (or pair of threads)
before connecting another repetition of curling up the same bobbin thread
or threads around the same point, and by that means the said accumulated
curls are secured from uncurling, and the spots are tied down to the fabric
of the lace. And in his said Specification Mr. Sneath stated that his improve-
ments were the first invention of mechanical means whereby ornamental
spots can be formed in bobbin net lace during the fabrication thereof by
machinery by casual and partial accumulations of some of the same threads
whereof the plain net is formed, namely, of some of the bobbin threads which
traverse the piece diagonally in opposite directions, and which by crossing one
over another form the tops and bottoms of the hexagonal meshes of the net
at their intersections. And Mr. Sneath therein also explained that the
additional parts which he applied to machinery for the manufacture of bobbin
net lace, for the purpose aforesaid, consisted in the following principal parts,
namely:-Article First.-Certain wires which are bended to form hooks, and
are cast into leads, and fixed on a bar in a row at such distances apart therein
as will suit the places across the width of the lace net, where the intended
spots are required to be formed. Article Second.-A suitable apparatus or
combination of parts for suspending the said hook bar, and for giving such
motions thereto as will cause the hooks to go down and enter in amongst
the bobbin threads of those carriages which are contained in the combs
at the front side of the warp threads (being that side thereof where the hooks.
are situated), and then after the said bobbin threads are gathered into the
hooks to raise up the hook bar in order to carry up the bobbin threads which
have been caught by the hooks, and then to loop or lodge the same over
the extremities of the taking-up points, and afterwards to put the hook bar
down again in order to disengage the hooks from the threads which they had
caught. Article Third.-A suitable apparatus or combination of parts for
shogging the said hook bar endways, when it is put down in order to cause
the hooks to catch the bobbin threads, and to shog the hook bar again
when it gets up in order to carry the said threads over the points so as
to lodge them thereon, and likewise, to move the hooks so much sideways

page_text: in the interval after one row of spots has been made, and before
another row is begun, that the hooks may follow the course of the spots
which are to be made in succession. Article Fourth.-A suitable apparatus
or combination of parts which must be added to and incorporated with
the ordinary bobbin net machinery in order to select out of the entire row
of bobbins and carriages (when the same are all lodged in the back combs)
those particular bobbins and carriages which are opposite to each of the
places in the width of the lace where spots are required to be formed therein
(and which are consequently opposite to each of the aforesaid hooks), and
to bring forwards the said bobbins and carriages so selected into the
front combs beneath the hooks, which are to go down and catch their
bobbin threads, in order to loop the same over the points, which being done,
the said selected bobbins and carriages must be taken back again into the back
combs, and then brought forwards into the front combs at the opposite sides of
their corresponding warp threads, in order to tie and fasten the previous curls
before another repetition of the curling is began by the hooks, all the other
bobbins and carriages which are not so employed in making the spots being
securely detained in the back combs in a state of inactivity all the time that
the spots are forming by successive repetitions of the said action of the hooks
and of the selected bobbins and carriages and warp threads. Article Fifth.-
An additional row of points in front of the lace to be inserted between the
threads just for a moment after a row of spots has been completed, and before
the back points (around. which the bobbin threads have been curled to form
the spots) are withdrawn from those curls; the said additional front points
being for retaining the threads at their proper distances apart after the back
points are withdrawn from the curls, and for keeping open the spaces for the
re-insertion of the back points beneath the spots, to take up the same along
with the twists and crosses of the net. The use of the aforesaid additional
parts is fully explained by Mr. Sneath in his said Specification, and also
the manner whereby they may be incorporated with that kind of machinery
for the manufacture of bobbin net lace which is commonly called circular
bolt or circular comb machinery, so as to manufacture spotted net thereby.
And, lastly, instructions are given in Mr. Sneath's said Specification for the
application of his improvements to certain other kinds of machinery for the
manufacture of bobbin net lace. And whereas Mr. Sneath's said improvo-
ments, as set forth in his said Specification, are not applicable to any other
than what are called hand machines for making bobbin net lace, namely,
'machines whereof all the parts are actuated by the hands and feet of a work-
'man sitting before the machine, and working various handles and treadlos

page_text: by his hands and feet, first one and then another, with a particular order
and succession of movements suitable to the manipulatious required to be
performed; and Mr. Sneath's improvements, when incorporated with such
hand machinery, must be actuated by the same system of hand machinery,
that is to say, by a series of manipulations with different handles and treadles,
for the purpose of making the spots, all which manipulations being, in
addition to the usual series of manipulations whereby the plain net is worked;
the manual operation of manufacturing bobbin net lace with spots by
Mr. Sneath's improvements, is very slow and necessarily expensive in the
labour of its production. And whereas Mr. Sneath's said improvements,
as set forth in his said Specification, are not applicable to what are called
rotary machines for making bobbin net lace, namely, machines whereof all
the parts are actuated with motions derived by means of suitable rotary
machinery from one winch or turning handle, which is turned regularly round
with continuous rotative motion by the hand of the workman without inter-
mission, and by means of which rotary machinery all the several parts of the
lace machine are duly put in motion with the proper order and succession of
action which is required for the performance of their respective functions.. I,
the said William Crofts, do hereby declare that my present Invention consists
in certain improvements (herein-after particularly described), namely:-
Partly in improvements of the construction and operation of the parts
designated by Mr. Sneath in his Specification Articles First and Third (as
herein before recited), namely, the hooks and hook bar, with the apparatus for
racking and shogging the hooks sideways, in order to catch the threads, or to
disengage the threads from them. I apply an additional row of pointed
wires to the row of hooks upon an additional bar, which is combined with the
hook bar so as to move up and down or backwards and forwards therewith by
the action of apparatus similar to Mr. Sneath's Article Second; but the
additional bar and row of pointed wires is capable of distinct shogging motions
from those of the hook bar, and the said pointed wires are so applied as to be
entered between those threads which are intended to be caught by the hooks
before the hooks are entered between the same, whereby the said pointed wires
will widen the proper spaces between the threads for the insertion of the
hooks into those spaces, and then by giving suitable shogging motions to the
said pointed wires (independantly of any shogging motion which may be also
given to the hooks), the threads between which they are entered may be bended
so much sideways by the pointed wires as to be borne into the hooks in order
to be taken up thereby, and will be retained securely in the hooks during the
taking up, and in like manner by shogging the said pointed wires sideways in

page_text: an opposite direction after the hooks have looped the threads over the points,
the same threads may be borne, out of the hooks so as to be instantly disen-
gaged therefrom. The object of this part of my improvements is to give
greater certainty to the action whereby the hooks are to catch those threads
which they are required to gather up, and that greater certainty of catching
the threads enables me to gather up warp threads to form spots (as herein-
after mentioned) in lieu of bobbin threads, to which latter mode Mr. Sneath's
Invention is necessarily confined, and also that the hooks may be readily and
instantaneously disengaged from the said threads, after they have looped the.
same over the points, without lowering down the hooks with a distinct move-
ment for the mere purpose of disengaging, as is requisite in Mr. Sneath's
apparatus, and which distinct movement occasions much loss of time. Also
partly in improvements of the parts designated Article Fourth of Mr. Sneath's
Specification, being the apparatus whereby the proper bobbins and carriages
are selected, in order to supply threads for forming the spots, and are then
moved backwards and forwards between the warp threads during the forma-
tion of the spots, whilst all the other bobbins and carriages are detained
motionless in a state of inactivity in the back combs, the object of this part
of my improvement in the said apparatus being to adapt the same to be worked
by rotary machinery. Also partly in improvements of the additional row of
points designated as Article Fifth in Mr. Sneath's Specification, and which
additional points I apply on a distinct additional front bar, situated behind the
net over the usual bar for the back points, around which the spots are to be
formed, one such additional point being provided at every place across the
width of the net where spots are intended to be formed therein, and the
pointed extremity of each of the said additional points being partly sunk into a
groove which is excavated in the upper side of the corresponding back point,
so that the extremities of the additional points will incorporate with the extre-
nities of the back points at the parts thereof where the threads are to be
'applied or looped over and across them, the structure of the said additional
points and grooved back points being the same as was formerly practised for
the taking up points of what are called the old Loughborough machines. The
threads which are hooked up in order to form the spots are looped over and
curled around the extremities of the additional back points, as well as over
and around the back points themselves; but when the spots are completed the
back points are withdrawn from the curls of threads which constitute the spots,
leaving the said additional points in the curls or spots, in order to retain them in
their places until the back points are again inserted between the threads beneath
the spots. The object of this part of my improvement is to make the spots

page_text: more correct, and keep the meshes of the net more regular and uniform, than
can be done by Mr. Sneath's additional front points. And a further part of
my said improvements is to combine together and arrange all the aforesaid-
apparatus (when made according to my aforesaid improvements), in such
manner that they may be applied to and combined with the usual parts of cer-
tain rotary machines for manufacturing bobbin net lace, which are commonly
called Morley's machines (after the name of Mr. William Morley, who uses such
machines at his manufactory at Derby), and which are double-tier, circular-.
bolt or circular-comb machines, provided with double-bladed lockers to draw
the carriages out from between the warp threads into the bolts or combs after
they have been pushed or driven out of the bolts or combs at the opposite side
of the warp threads by what are called driving bars. And it is by virtue of
my aforesaid improvements on Mr. Sneath's apparatus that I am enabled to
work the same by the rotary machinery of Morley's machines, with the
addition thereto of my said improvements for that purpose, the working being
performed by merely turning the winch handle of the Morley's machine
regularly and continually round after the usual manner, without any intermis-
sion or stoppage thereof, when the operation of making plain bobbin net lace
(by the usual movements of the usual machinery of Morley's machines) is to
be suspended in order that a row of spots may be formed in the said net by
the aid of the spotting machinery, which is constructed and combined according
to my aforesaid improvements, and which then comes into action by itself
without requiring any manipulation on the part of the workman farther than
to continue turning the winch handle regularly round, and the additional
rotary machinery will give the requisite motions to the spotting machinery,
whilst the selected bobbins and carriages which are to furnish the threads for
the spots are moved backwards and forwards between the warp threads, from
the front combs to the back combs, and vice versa, by the usual action of what
is called driving tackle, with the same regularity of action as that of the
complete set of carriages when the machine is making plain net; and also
when a row of spots is completed the operation of the additional spotting
machinery ceases of itself, and the usual machinery resumes its action for
making plain net without any effort of the workman further than continuing
to turn the winch handle. This regularity and uniformity of action of the
whole machinery greatly facilitates the manufacturing of spotted net thereby,
but to attain such uniformity it is essential that the action of the hooks in
.descending to catch the threads, and then ascending again to carry up those
threads in order loop them over the points, should be performed with dispatch
in a similar manner to the usual taking-up action of the point bars, which

page_text: cannot be done on Mr. Sneath's plan, because his hooks require a second.
descent and a subsequent re-ascent in order to disengage the threads from
them, which second movement, according to my improvements, is unnecessary.
The manner of carrying all my aforesaid improvements into effect is
explained in Sheets I., II., III., IV., V., and VI. of the Drawings hereunto
annexed, wherein a Morley's machine is represented with the additional
machinery for making spotted net therein, according to my aforesaid improve-
ments; and another further part of my said improvements is to apply a
suitable apparatus of a row of hooks or a hook bar, with a row of pointed wires
on another bar connected with the hook bar and actuated according to my
improvements aforesaid, so as to descend amongst the two rows of bobbin
threads which proceed from the whole set of bobbins and carriages, when they
are all brought into the front combs in order to select out of the whole row of
bobbin threads those particular bobbin threads which the hooks are required
to catch for the purpose of forming spots therewith. To effect this object the
extremities of my pointed wires are inserted, as before mentioned, into the
proper places between the bobbin threads, and being then moved a very
little sideways will open wider spaces between the bobbin threads for
the insertion of the hooks between the same, which insertion being made,
the pointed wires are to be shogged sideways as much as will bear the
proper bobbin threads into the hooks, and then the books and pointed wires
being raised up, will take up with them the said selected bobbin threads
(leaving all the others) in order to loop the said selected bobbin threads over
the back points and my additional back points, after which, by another shogging
motion of the pointed wires in a contrary direction, the said threads will be
instantly disengaged from the hooks. In this mode no selection of particular
bobbins and carriages will be required, wherefore there will be no necessity to
use any part of the aforesaid combination of parts for selecting particular
bobbins and carriages and moving them backwards and forwards between the
warp threads, whilst all the rest of the set of bobbins, and carriages are
detained inactive in the back combs, and which combination is designated
Article Fourth in Mr. Sneath's Specification, as herein-before recited; but the
bobbins and carriages will be moved backwards and forwards in their combs
in the same manner when spots are making as when making plain net. When
the hooks are thus caused, by virtue of this improvement of pointed wires, to
select and take up the proper bobbin threads without any previous selection of
the bobbins and carriages (but which selection could not be dispensed with in
Mr. Sneath's apparatus), those warp threads which correspond to the bobbin
threads which have been so selected by the hooks must be racked or shogged

page_text: sideways by themselves after the selected bobbin threads have been looped over
the back points, all the rest of the warp threads remaining without any shog;
consequently, when the whole set of carriages are passed and repassed all
together between the warp threads with a similar motion to that wherewith
they are commonly actuated when making plain net, those bobbin threads
which have been looped over the back points to form spots will return on the
contrary sides of their corresponding warp threads to that side thereof on
which they had previously passed through, and thereby the selected bobbin
threads will become whipped round behind their corresponding warp threads in
a proper manner to secure the curls which form the spots from uncurling, but
all the other bobbins and carriages will return in the same spaces through
which they passed, and will not therefore entwine with the warp threads at all:
To effect this the warp threads corresponding to those bobbin threads which
are to be used for making the spots must be conducted through guides, which
are affixed to extra guide bars distinct from the ordinary guide bars for the
guides of the rest of the warp threads, and which extra guide bars are shogged
during the operation of making spots with shogging motions independantly of
those of the ordinary guides, which then remain inactive. Note, whilst the
plain net is making the said extra guide bars must be shogged with exactly
the same racking motions as are then given to the ordinary guide bars. This
mode of making spots by aid of my improvements, without selecting the
bobbins and carriages, may be applied to Morley's machines or to other
double-tier machines, and also it enables suitable apparatus constructed
according to my said improvements to be combined with certain other rotary
machines for manufacturing bobbin net lace, which are commonly called fluted
bar or fluted roller machines, because the carriages thereof are moved back-
wards and forwards in their combs by the teeth or flutes of fluted rollers, which
act in corresponding teeth at the under sides of the carriages in the same
manner as the teeth of pinions act with the teeth of cog wheels to communi-
cate motion thereto, and for which machines a Patent was granted to
Messieurs Henson and Jackson, of Worcester, dated the Eleventh day of
January, One thousand eight hundred and twenty-five. In fluted roller
machines the whole set of carriages must of necessity be moved all together
when they are passed backwards and forwards in the combs by their fluted
rollers, and hence selection of particular bobbins and carriages is impracticable,
consequently Mr. Sneath's machinery (the action of which depends essentially
upon a due selection of the bobbins and carriages) cannot be applied to fluted
roller machinery, which is more quick working than any other kind of
machinery for manufacturing wide pieces of bobbin net lace, and hence most

page_text: desirable for manufacturing spotted net, and by the aid of my improvements
spotted net can be manufactured to great advantage in fluted roller machinery.
The manner of carrying this into effect is explained in Sheets VII., VIII.,
IX., and X. of the Drawings hereunto annexed, wherein a fluted roller
machine is represented with the additional machinery for making spotted net
therein according to my improvements.
And lastly, another further part of my said improvements is to form the
spots by accumulating and curling up certain of the warp threads around the
back points, in lieu of bobbin threads, to which latter mode Mr. Sneath's
Invention is limited. For this purpose I apply a suitable apparatus of a row
of hooks on a hook bar, with a row of pointed wires on another bar connected
with the hook bar, and actuated according to my improvements aforesaid, so
as to descend in front of the warp threads when all the bobbins and carriages
are gone behind those threads into the back combs, and the extremities of my
pointed wires are then inserted between the warp threads by the sides of those
particular warp threads which are to be selected for forming the spots, and the
said pointed wires being moved a very little sideways, will widen the spaces
between the warp threads for the insertion of the hooks therein, and that
insertion being made, the pointed wires are to be shogged sideways as much
as will bear the proper warp threads into the hooks, and then the hooks and
pointed wires being raised up together, will take up with them the selected
warp threads, leaving all the others, in order to loop the said warp threads
over the extremities of the back points, and of my additional back points,
after which, by another shogging motion of the pointed wires in a contrary
direction, the said threads will be instantly disengaged from the hooks.
This mode, like that last mentioned, requires no selection of the bobbins
and carriages, nor any difference in their backwards and forwards motion,
when spots are making, or when plain net is making, but the warp threads
which are caught up by the hooks in order to form the spots must be
'racked or shogged sideways by themselves, whilst the rest of the warp
threads remain motionless, in order that the corresponding bobbin threads
'may become whipped round behind those threads every time after a curl
'thereof has been made around the back points and additional back points,
and before another curl is began around the same points. For this purpose
the said warp threads which are to be hooked up to form the spots
must be conducted through guides which are affixed to extra guide bars,
which are distinct from the ordinary guide bars for the guides which conduct
the rest of the warp threads, and which extra guide bars must be shogged
with suitable motions whilst the spots are making, although the ordinary

page_text: .
guide bars then remain motionless. But whilst the plain net is making
the extra guide bars must be shogged with the same motions as the ordinary
guide bars are then shogged with. The warp threads which are conducted
through the said extra guides, and which are to be hooked up to form the
spots, must be supplied from small extra warp rollers distinct from the ordinary
warp roller which supplies all the other warp threads. The end pivots of
those small extra rollers should be supported in short crank bar arms
projecting out from horizontal spindle bars which are supported by the
fixed framing of the machine on pivots at each end of each spindle bar. The
object of supporting the extra warp rollers in that manner is to permit of raising
them up a very little whilst the hooks and pointed wires are carrying up
the threads which proceeds from those extra warp rollers, in order to loop
those threads over the back points and extra back points, and then as soon as
the threads are so looped over, the extra warp roller being let down again,
a very little will extend the threads which have been so looped up, and will
restore them to their proper tension, notwithstanding any tendency which the
operation of the hooks may have had to slacken those warp threads upon
which they have operated, and to leave them with less tension than the other
warp threads. The said small warp rollers must be provided with friction
cords to go round the ends of them like other warp rollers, weights being
suspended from the cords to occasion friction and retard the motion of the
roller as much as will cause the threads draw off from them with an equal
tention to that with which the rest of the warp threads will draw off from
the ordinary warp roller. The fixed ends of the said friction cords must be
made fast to the aforesaid crank bar arms which support the pivots of the
small extra warp rollers in order that the rising and falling motion of the
said small warp rollers may not derange or influence the action whereby
the cords and their weights occasion friction and retard the drawing off of
thread from those rollers. Note, all the warp threads which are hooked up
in manner aforesaid at the same time by one action of the hooks and pointed
wires, in order to form one row of spots, must be furnished from the same
small warp roller, and must be conducted through suitable extra guides, which
are all fixed on the same extra guide bar, in order that those particular warp
threads may be properly racked without racking any other warp threads at
that time. The pattern according to which the spots require to be distributed
over the piece of lace net will require that the spots should be made at
different places across the width of the net at different succeeding times of
forming a row of spots, therefore one of the said small extra warp rollers
and its corresponding extra guides and their guide bar will supply and guide

page_text: them up, all the rest of the bobbins and carriages A, B, being left behind in
the back combs E in a state of inactivity. The leads of hooks 1 are screwed
in a row upon the back face of the hook bar 13, and the leads of my pointed
wires 6 are screwed in a row upon the front face of another bar 7, which is
applied flatways against the hook bar 13, the two bars 13 and 7 being kept in
close contact by screws which pass through slots in one bar, and are screwed
fast into the other bar, so as to confine the two bars 13 and 7 together, like
one bar, except in respect to a small shogging motion endways, of which the
bar 13 is capable independantly of the other bar 7, in order to permit the
pointed wires 6 to be moved a little sideways independantly of the hooks .1.
The extremities of the pointed wires 6 are bended into a horizontal position,
and descend below the hooks 1, and they also project further backwards
towards the threads, so that their pointed extremities 6 will enter between the
threads before the hooks 1 enter between the same. The hook bar 13 and
the bar 7,. for the pointed wires 6, are suspended by upright arms 14, 14,
Sheet II., III., IV., and V., from joint pins at the ends of crank-bar arms
15, 15, which reach out over the top bar M of the fixed framing from a
horizontal crank-bar axis 16, situated behind and supported in suitable
brackets 17, fixed to the framing at each end; and the axis 16 is also steadied
in the middle to prevent it from bending. The hook bar 13, and its fellow
bar 7, being thus suspended horizontally, are caused to rise and fall by a
lever 18, fixed fast to the axis 16 of the crank bar, and a link 19, which
descends from the front end of the lever 18, to unite it to the front end of
another lever 20, Sheet III., which passes across the frame to the back, and
the opposite end of the lever 20 moves about a centre pin fixed to the framing.
The middle of the lever 20 has a truck applied to it, in order to run upon the
edge of a revolving camm 21, which is fixed upon the usual horizontal axis Y
of what are called the driving camms, and which go round three times whilst
a row of complete meshes of net are worked in the well-known manner of
Morley's machines. The camm 21 is suitable shaped for letting down the
hook bar 13 and its fellow bar 7, so that the pointed wires 6 and the hooks 1
will descend amongst the bobbin threads, and then for raising it up again as
the camm 21 goes round in order to hook up those threads which the hooks
have caught, the rise and fall of the hook bar being performed in one. turn
of the camm 21, with a very similar motion to that which is commonly given
to the point bars for taking up the meshes of the net. In the time that the
looks thus go down and up again, both rows of the
carriages A 1; B. 1, come from the back combs E to the front combs D, and
may all return again into the back combs E; that is say, the hock bar 13
selected bobbins and

page_text: begins to descend when all the selected carriages A 1, B 1, are behind in the
back combs E, and when the carriages get to their middle positions the front
set of selected carriages A 1 being in the front combs D, and the others in
the back combs E, the pointed wires and hooks will have descended so far as
to have entered between the front bobbin threads, and the pointed wires 6 and
hooks 1 continue to descend as the back row of selected carriages B 1 come
forwards, so a to get quite down by the time that both. sets. of selected
carriages A 1, B 1, arrive in the front combs D, and then when the same
carriages begin to go back again the hooks and pointed wires begin to go up,
and they get quite up by the time (or sooner) than all the selected carriages
A 1, B 1, have got behind into the back combs E. The hook bar 13, and the
corresponding bar 7, upon which the pointed wires 6 are fixed, are shogged or
moved endways, when necessary, by means of racking wheels 23, mounted on a
horizontal axis, which is supported in bearing brackets fixed to the framing
at one end of the machine. The racking wheels 23 are turned round by
means of a ratchet wheel 24 with forty teeth, which is moved a tooth at a time
by a driver 25, as the same moves up and down, being for that purpose
jointed to an upright sliding bolt 26, which is connected at its lower end
with a lever 32, and the lever 32 carries a truck to run upon the curved
circumference of a camm 47, fixed upon the extreme end of the axis Y of the
main driving camms. The camm 47 has three elevations and depressions
upon its circumference, which cause the upright bolt 26 and the driver 25 to
'make three motions (so as to turn round the ratchet wheel 24 three teeth)
every time that the main axis Y of the driving camms goes once round. The
notches on the edge of the racking wheel 23 act upon a horizontal sliding
bolt 27, which passes through the end frame, and ends with a broad vertical
surface, nearly opposite to the end of the hook bar 13, in order to guide the
point of a gage screw 8, which is carried by the bar 13, and the book bar 13.
being always borne endways towards the left by a spring 28, it is caused to
follow all the racking motions which are produced by the racking wheel 23.
There is another similar racking wheel 72 and sliding bolt situated behind the
wheel 23 and its bolt 27, side by side, the latter racking wheel and bolt being
to give racking motions to the sliding bar 7 of my pointed wires, and that
bar 7 is continually drawn endways towards the left by a suitable spring 70
of its own. The three prominences on the camm 47, before mentioned, are
so disposed around its circumference as to move the ratchet wheel 24 one tooth
.(and consequently its racking wheels 23, 72,) at the exact moment when the
hooks 1 have risen to their highest position, and have carried up the bobbin
threads which they have caught to a proper height for carrying those threads

page_text: horizontally over the extremities of the back points G and additional back
points 5 ready for looping the said threads over and across the said points G
and 5, which is effected by the shogging motion then given to the hook
bar 13 by its racking wheel 23, and to the bar 7 of the pointed wires 6 by
its own racking wheel 72. Another of the three prominences on the
camm 47 moves the ratchet wheel 24 and racking wheels 23, 72, another
tooth whilst the hook bar 13 is descending, and when it gets about half way
down and the third prominence of the same canım 47 moves the same
racking wheels 23, 72, again another tooth when the hook bar 13 gets quité
down to its lowest position, whereby the bolt 27 shogs the hook bar 13
and the bar 7 of pointed wires in a proper manner to make the hooks 1
catch the bobbin threads. The hook bar 13 and the bar of pointed
wires 7 are guided to go up and down in front of the warp threads in
a plane rather inclined to the vertical, by leaning backwards with the point of
a gage screw 43 against the inclined face of a fixed conducting guide 22,
which is fastened to the top bar M of the fixed framing. The action of the
hooks and pointed wires, whereby they hook up the bobbin threads, is as
follows: When the bobbins and carriages are coming forwards into the front
combs, and the hooks 1 are descending to meet the bobbin threads (but before
they do meet them), the ratchet wheel 24 is moved one tooth, as above.men
tioned, and in consequence the two bars 13 and 7 are placed by their racking
wheels 23 in such a position that the stems of the pointed wires 6 will stand
exactly before the stems of the hooks 1, and in that condition the extremities
of the pointed wires 6 penetrate amongst the bobbins threads partly by the
carriages coming forwards to meet the pointed wires 6 and hooks 1, and partly
by the pointed wires and hooks descending amongst the bobbin threads. The
extremities of the pointed wires 6 enter first amongst the threads exactly in
the spaces between the threads, and baving so entered the threads cannot
avoid the hooks 1, which, being hooked sideways to the left-hand of their
stems, and being therefore broad at the hooked points, might otherwise miss
of entering the spaces so exactly and certainly as the pointed wires 6 do. And
note, the vertical surfaces at the ends of the two horizontal sliding bolts 27
may be cut with suitable steps or notches at the parts where the points of the
gage screws 8 for the hook bar 13 and the pointed wire bar 7 bear laterally,
against those surfaces in a similar manner to the conducting plates of taking
up. point bars, in order that the said steps may cause the pointed wires 6, when
they are going downwards, to move a little sideways independantly of any such
motion of the books 1, after the extremities of the pointed wires 6 have
entered between the threads, but before the hooks 1 make their entrance, bý

page_text: .
which means the pointed wires 6' may bend the threads' a little sideways to
facilitate and ensure the correct entrance of the hooks amongst the same
threads. The hooks being duly entered by this means amongst the bobbin
threads, by the time that the selected bobbins and carriages are all arrived
in the front combs D, as shewn in Sheet 1, the. ratchet wheel 24 is moved
another tooth, and in consequence the racking wheels 23, 72, operating by
their bolts 27 on the hook bar 13, and the bar 7 of the pointed wires respec-
tively, to shog the hooks 1 to the left about half a space between a pair of
bobbin threads, and at the same time the other corresponding racking wheel
72 acts to shog the pointed wires 6 so much to the right that the stems of
those wires will come exactly before the stems of the hooks, the relative
motion between the pointed wires 6 and the hooks 1, which has been pro-
duced by the said shogging of both bars, being equal to the distance between
'two adjacent hooks; by this means the selected bobbin threads will be
certain to be caught by the hooks 1, for the shog of the hook bar 13 has
placed the hooks so that the lateral projection of. their hooked points at the
left-hand side of their stems would take the selected bobbin threads if they
keep their true places, and do not bend away from or avoid the looks, and the
pointed wires 6, by actually bearing cach thread to the right hand, draw and
hold the thread firmly into the hooks and keep them so all the time the hooks
and pointed wires are going up. The catching of the threads in this manner
is an instantaneous action, which is performed when the hooks get down to
their lowest position; and then (but not before) the hook bar begins to rise
again in order to hook up the bobbin threads which have been caught by the
hooks and pointed wires, and at the same time the selected bobbins and
carriages A 1, B 1, begin to go backwards out of the front combs D into the
back comb E. The hooks get quite up so as to carry up the threads which
they have caught by the books, and pointed wires a very little above the level
of the back points, and they get up a little before the selected carriages get
quite back into the back combs, and then the ratchet wheel 24 is moved
another tooth, and in consequence the racking wheels 23, 72, acting by their
bolts 27 on the bar 7 of the pointed wires, shogs that bar to the left só much
as is necessary for pushing the threads' sideways off the laterally hooked pro-
jections at the left-hand sides of the stems of the hooks, which is done by the
adjacent pointed wires to those which had previously borne and held the same
threads to the right in order to keep them in the hooks. The extremities of
the pointed wires 6 are just below the back points G when they make the
latter shog, but the said lateral projections of the books are a little above the
level of the tops of the back points G and additional points 5, the hooks being

page_text: in front of the extremities of the back points G, but the extremities of the
pointed wires 6 extend under the extremities of the back points G, consc-
quently the bobbin threads, which are disengaged from the hooks 1 by the
extremities of the pointed wires 6 which are below the back points G, bearing
those threads to the left, will be guided by the same pointed extremities 6 to
go in between the back points G into the spaces adjacent to the spaces which
the same bobbin threads really belong to, the selected bobbins and carriages
being at the same time behind the warp threads; in the back combs E the
bobbin threads have a tendency to fly backwards between the back points G
the instant they are liberated from the hooks. In consequence of all the
aforesaid movements of the hook and pointed wires, the bobbin threads, which
have been hooked up and are then unhooked or disengaged, become looped
over and across the back points G, and also over the pointed extremities of the
extra back points 5, which are lodged in the grooves in the upper sides of the
back points G. The disengaging of the bobbin threads from the hooks by the
aforesaid action of the pointed wires is an instantaneous action, which does
not require the selected carriages to wait for its performance, but by the time
that the selected carriages get quite back into the back combs E, and the
warp threads have been properly shogged, the hooks and pointed wires are
ready to begin to go down again in order to repeat their actión of hooking up
the same bobbin threads another time. Note, by the racking of the warp
threads after the select carriages A 1, B 1, have passed into the back combs E,"
and before they return into the front combs D, the bobbin threads which have
been hooked up, as above explained, and curled around the back points, and
additional back points are made to whip round behind their corresponding
warp threads, in order to secure those curls which have been made before
another repetition of the curling of the same bobbin threads is began. Whilst
the operation of forming the spots is going on, the ordinary racking wheels at
the end of the machine for racking the guide bars t, t, and front comb bar
must stand quite still, and they must resume their usual motions when the
spotting is completed, and the ordinary operation of making plain net is
resumed. For this purpose the bevil wheel n upon the upright axis L of the
racking wheels at the end of the machine is fitted loose upon its upright
axis L, but the bevil wheel n causes that axis to turn round by means of a
tooth 31 fixed to the bevil wheel, and catching a corresponding tooth on a
moveable latch 33, which is applied to a box fixed fast on the axis L above the
bevil wheel n, so that the latch 33 must go round with the axis L, and when
the latch is left to itself its tooth catches the tooth 31 of the bevil wheel n,
which turns round continually, and then the axis L and the racking-wheels
B

page_text: upon
are turned round in order to rack the guide bars t, t, and front comb bar, and '
knock out the point bars, in the usual manner of Morley's machines. When the
spotting operation is to be begun, the lower arm of a bended lever 34, which
moves on a centre pin fixed in the framing, is lifted by a cam 35 into such a.
position that the upper arm thereof will be brought within the range of the
end of the latch 33 so as to act as a fixed inclined plane to intercept the end
of the latch 33, in order to lift it up and disengage its tooth from the tooth 31
of the bevil wheel n at the moment when the turning motion of the upright.
axis L, to which the latch 33 is connected, carries round the end of the
latch 33, so that it will land upon the said fixed inclined plane at the end
of the bent lever 34. The camm 35 is fixed upon the extreme end of a
horizontal axis 42, which extends all the length of the machine, at the back
thereof, and which axis is turned slowly round by means of a ratchet wheel 48
of fifteen teeth, which is moved a tooth at a time by a driver 49 (see Figure X,
Sheet VI.), jointed to the upper end of lever 50, which is provided with a
truck to run against the curved circumference of a camm 46 fixed the
main axis Y of the driving camms, whereby at every turn of the axis Y of the
main driving camms the ratchet wheel 48 is moved one tooth, and having
fifteen teeth, it makes one turn for fifteen turns of the main driving camms.
In the regular course of making plain net in Morley's machinery those driving
camms make. three revolutions, whilst a row of complete meshes of net is
worked, consequently the ratchet wheel 48 and the cam 35, together with
various other camms which are fixed upon the same long .axis 42, are turned
round once in the time whilst five rows of complete meshes of plain net would
be worked by the machinery if its operation were not interrupted for making
the spots. During six of the said fifteen revolutions which the main axis Y of
the driving camms make for one turn of the ratchet wheel 48, the making of
plain net is interrupted for the spotting operation to be performed, and during
the other nine of the said fifteen revolutions the plain net is making by the
usual operation of Morley's machinery, being three rows of complete meshes.
Therefore the rows of spots which will be made in this machinery will succeed
each other at every third row of complete meshes along the length of the net.
But note, the spots might be made at any other required distance apart by
proportioning the ratchet wheel 48 and the various camms upon its axis 42 in
a suitable manner. The ordinary racking wheels on the upright axis L must
be disconnected by the action before mentioned of the camm 35, bended
lever 34, and latch 33. When the spotting operation is intended to be begun.
a proper period in the series of racking movements which are required for
working the complete mesh must be chosen for that commencement, imme-

page_text: diately after the back points have taken up a row of half meshes, and when
both guide bars t, t, have been pushed by their re-acting springs towards their
racking wheels on the upright axis L, which wheels will consequently present
notches to the bolts or levers, by which they act on the two guide bars t, t,
the carriages being at the same time in the back combs, or going into the.
back combs, and the front comb bar being also at its resting position whilst
the operation of spotting is going on. The guide bars t, t, are racked by a
distinct racking wheel 30, which is mounted on a horizontal cross axis 38,
supported in suitable bearings fixed to the framing, and which axis is turned
round by means of a ratchet wheel 36 of sixty teeth on one end of the
axis 38, which is moved a tooth at a time by a driver 40 jointed to a lever 37,
which receives motion from another cross lever 39, which is actuated by the
curved circumference of à camm 41 fixed on the main axis Y of the driving
camms, and which cam 41 impels the levers 37, 39, and the driver 40, twice
in each revolution, so as to turn the ratchet wheel 38 of sixty teeth with its
extra racking wheels 30 once round in the same time as the other large
ratchet wheel 48 of fifteen teeth, with the various camms upon its axis 42,
are turned twice round. The motion given to the extra racking wheel 30 by
this means takes places every time that the driving bars are swung out by
their main driving camms to the extremes of their motion, that is every time
when both rows of selected carriages A 1 and B 1 are locked up in the front
combs D, or in the back combs E, for both the guide bars t, t, must be racked
to the left when both rows of selected carriages A 1 and B 1 get behind into
the back combs E along with the rest of the carriages, and both guide bars
t, t, must be racked to the right when the two rows of selected carriages A 1
and B 1 have come forwards into the front combs D, as shewn in Sheet I.
The extra racking wheel 30 is cut with suitable notches to produce those
racking motions of both guide bars t, t, together like one bar, viz., to the left,
when all the carriages are in the back combs, and before the selected carriages
begin to come through forwards, and to the right when the selected carriages
get into the front combs, and before they begin to go through again back-
wards. No shog is given to the guide bars in the interval after one row of
selected carriages has passed between the warp thread, and before the other
row passes, because as two bobbin threads a 1, 6.1, proceeding from both
those rows, 'are caught up together by the before-mentioned action of each of
the hooks and pointed wires in order to gather a double substance of thread
to form each spot, so the two warp threads corresponding to the two bobbin
threads which are so hooked up together must be whipped round by both.
those bobbin threads in order to secure the curls made; the latter in order to

page_text: produce a spot. Before the operation of spotting is begun, the front points K
must be drawn out from the meshes of the lace in order to give room for the
hooks and pointed wires to go down in front of the lace in the manner shewn
in Sheets I. and III., which is much further than the front points are usually
drawn out by their knocking out tackle and wiper w on the upright axis L;
also they must be drawn out somewhat sooner than their usual time for
knocking out, viz., immediately after the back points have taken up a row of
half meshes. The front points are then drawn out by a camm 12 on the
extreme end of the long horizontal axis 42, which camm acts on a roller
carried by one arm of an elbow lever 10, from the other arm of which an
upright link 9 goes up to a smaller bended lever 29, which is mounted on a
centre pin fixed to the framing, and the upper end of the upright arm of thic
lever 29 acts behind a roller 73, which is provided at the left-hand extre-
mity of the front point bar, so that when a proniinent part of the camm 12
pushes forwards the roller of the elbow lever 10, the connection of the upright
link 9 will cause the upper bended lever 29 to push forwards the front point
bar and draw out the points from the net. When the front point bar in
so coming forwards gets beyond the usual position to which it is knocked out
for taking up in the ordinary manner, it is detained from tilting or dropping
down, and is kept in the position shewn in Sheet I., by the usual short arm
at the end of the point bar (by which arm it is tilted or let down and lifted
up again in the usual action of taking up by means of an upright link m,
Sheet VI., jointed to the said short arm, and going down to a lever q, which
bears by a roller on the curved circumference of one of the taking-up camms
1) coming over a fixed support, which support will not allow the points to
tilt or go down until they are put back again into a proper position for taking
up in the ordinary manner. Therefore although the taking-up cammst
continue to revolve with the usual action, whereby they let the front points
tilt down and then raise them up again during the making of plain net,
nevertheless the front point bar on being drawn out further than usual at
the commencement of the spotting operation, is held up and prevented from
tilting down all the time that operation continues. When that operation is
finished the prominent part of the camm 12 having passed away from the
roller of the elbow lever 10 allows the front points to go again to their
proper position by the action of their usual springs. The back point ba
must be also held up whilst the spotting is going on, which is done as shewr
in Sheet VI. by a curved sweep or portion of a circle 95 fixed to the
side of the camm 35 before mentioned on the long axis 42, and which sweep
95 takes a roller 94 at the lower end of an extra arni 96,
which is fixed te

page_text: the usual lever q of the taking-up camm 7, in such manner that when the
said curved sweep 95 comes round outside of the roller 94 it gathers the
same a very little inwards towards the centre of the axis 42, and afterwards
retains it so as to prevent the back point bar descending until the spotting
is finished, and by that time the curved piece 95 will have passed away from
the roller 94, leaving it at liberty, and then the back point bar will descend
and ascend as usual by the action of taking its camm 1 and lever q. During
all the time that the spotting is going on, the carriages A 1 and B 1, which
are selected from the others to furnish threads for making the spots, must be
passed backwards and forwards between the warp threads by themselves,
leaving all the rest of the carriages inactive in the back combs E, where they
are detained by the ordinary back locker F, with its double blades, which are
constructed as usual in Morley's machines, and which act as usual, whilst the
plain net is making; but that back locker must remain motionless in the
position shewn in Sheet I. with its undermost blade f holding the teeth of
the front row of carriages, and keeping both rows securely locked up into the
back combs E. The back locker F is detained thus motionless by a dettent
51 shewn in Sheet VI.; it moves about a centre pin at its lower end fixed
to the framing, and has a notch at its upper end to catch a pin fixed into the
usual lever 52 of the locking camm R. The dettent 51 is pushed forwards
by a projecting piece on a camm 53, which is fixed on the long horizontal
axes 42 at the time when the locking lever 52 has been depressed by the
usual action of its locking camm R, so as to lock up both rows of carriages
in the back combs E, in which position the notch in the dettent 51 will catch
the pin in the locking lever 52, and hold the latter in its depressed position
(and thus keep the back locker F in the position shewn in Sheet J.) all the'
time that the spotting is going on, and when it is finished the camm 53 will
allow the dettent 51 to go back by a spring and release the pin of the
locking lever 52, which will then return to the locking camm R, and resume
its usual action, and give the usual motion to the back locker F. The
innermost blade f of the back locker F is cut out with notches opposite to
every place where a spot is intended to be formed in the width of the lace,
in order that it may allow the selected carriages A 1, B1, to be brought
forwards through those notches, although all the other carriages A, B, are
detained in the back combs E. And in order to lock up the selected carriages
A 1, B 1, when they require to be drawn into the back combs E in their
places amongst the other carriages A, B, an extra moveable blade 2 is applied
to the back locker F, the blade 2 being moveable around the same centre of
motion as the blade of would move around, but the blade 2 moves inde-
pendantly of any motion of the back locker F itself, because the extra blade 2

page_text: is fastened to several loose collars 54, which are screwed together each in
two parts, so as to embrace the round part of the axis F of the back locker
and therefore those collars 54 can turn round freely thereon, as an axis or
centre of motion. The said loose collars 54 pass under the acting parts of
the blades of the back locker F in suitable openings cut out in the under
parts of those blades f, but which openings do not interfere with the said
acting edges. Several such collars 54 are applied at different places along
the length of the back locker F, and the moveable blade 2 is fastened to
them all. Each collar 54 has an upright link 55 jointed to it to go down to
a lever 56 fixed on an axis or spindle bar 44, which also carries a lever arm
6.4 with a roller which is actuated by a camm 45 fixed on the axis Y of the
main driving camms, and when the lever 56 is pressed down by the prominent
part of the camm 45, the upright link 55 turns the collars 54 and moves
the extra blades 2 of the back locker upwards so as to lock up the selected
carriages A 1, B 1, into the back combs E, in the same manner as the usual
innermost blade f of the back locker F would do if it were not notched to
let the selected carriages A 1, B 1, pass through it. Note, each of the collars
54 at different parts of the length of the back locker F has its own link 55
and lever 56, and all those levers 56 are fixed on one horizontal axis or
spindle bar 44, which causes them all to move together when the lever arm
64 of the axis or spindle bar 44 is actuated by the camm 45. This arrange-
ment causes the blade 2 to move equally at all parts of its length without
twisting or yielding, although it is very thin and slight. Note, when the plain
net is making, the motion given as usual by the ordinary locking camm R,
see Sheet VI., and its lever 52 and upright rack and pinion to the back
locker F, will correspond exactly with the motion which is given at the same
time to the extra blade 2 by its camm 45, levers 64, 56, and links 55, so
that the extra blade 2 will be held in close contact with the innermost blade f
of the back locker so as to move like one bar, closing the notches therein
and enabling the back roller F to act on all the row of carriages just as
usual in Morley's machines. During the spotting operation the front driving
bar H is moved backwards and forwards just as usual in Morley's machines,
but the back driving bar I must be raised up and withdrawn backwards over
the leads of the back combs E, where it must remain motionless out of the
way all the time that the spotting is going on. For this purpose the back
driving bar I is united by arms 58 with a back bar 66, which is jointed at
the upper end of upright lever arms 57, fixed fast on the ends of a strong
horizontal axis 86, which is supported in bearing brackets at the back of the
framing, and an arm 81 goes down from the axis 86 to carry a pin, so as to be
within reach of a curved sweep 82, affixed to the side of a wheel, which is

page_text: fastened on a long horizontal axis 42 in such manner that when the spotting
is to be begun the curved sweep:82 will then take the pin of the arm 81, and
gather the same in towards the axis 42, in order to withdraw the back driving
bar I, as shewn in Sheets I. and III., and the curved sweep 82 will hold it
steadily there until the spotting is finished, and then the said sweep 82 will
have passed away from the pin of the arm 81, and will allow the back driving
bar I to go forwards by the reaction of suitable springs (which are applied to
the levers 57) into the usual and proper position for the back driving bar.
when it is at the full extent of its swing backwards. The back driving bar I,
being in that position, is then connected with the usual driving tackle by
means of connecting links 65, which are jointed to the swing jacks W,
Sheet II., at one end of each link 65, the other ends having notches to hook
over joint pins fixed into the upper ends of the upright lever arms 57; the
said links 65 when so hooked on will connect the back bar 66 of the back
driving bar I with the driving tackle so that it will be moved backwards and
forwards therewith, and therefore the back driving bar I will be moved with
the usual and proper swinging motion over the back combs E; and in order
that the acting edge of the back driving bar I may move conformably to the
curvature of the back combs E, trucks 89 are applied to the arms 58, to run
up and down upon curved bearers 67, Sheet II., which are of a suitable
form to give the acting edge of the back drawing bar I a proper circular
motion. When the spotting is about to be commenced the back drawing.
bar I is raised up whilst it is going backwards the last time during that time
of making plain net, in order that it may begin to get out of the way. For
this purpose the curved bearers 67 are lifted up at their back and upper ends,
their foremost and lower ends being supported on joint pins fixed to the
back comb bar, so that the said bearers 67 move about those fixed pins in the
manner of levers when their back ends are lifted up, which is done by upright
links 68 connecting those back ends with levers 83, which are actuated by.
camms 59, fixed upon the long horizontal axis 42, when the ratchet wheel 48
is moved a tooth whilst all the carriages are going backwards for its last
novement. During that time of making plain net, prominences of the camms 59,
which then come beneath the rollers of the levers 83, lifts them up, and by.
the upright links 68 the back ends of the curved bearers 67 are lifted also,;
and the bearers 67 are kept raised by the said prominences of the camms 59:
all the time that the spotting is going on, but when it is finished the bearers 67,
are then let down again by the passing away of the prominences of the camms 59
from their levers 83. When the spotting is to be commenced, and the back
Iriving bar I is got quite back and raised up, as before mentioned, into the position.

page_text: connect the levers 57 of the
Note; when the links 65 are
shewn in Sheets I. and III., the connecting links 65, by which the upper ends
of the levers arms 57 are connected with the swing jacks W, are disconnected
by lifting up the back ends of the links 65, so as to unhook them from the
joint pins in the arms 57. This is effected by upright links 99 to go down
to levers 93, which are actuated by camms 92 fixed on the axis 42, which
camms lift up the links 65 with a similar action to that of the camm 59;
before described, for raising the bearers 67, and in like manner when the
spotting is finished the camms 92 let down the back ends of the links 65 so
as to hook them over the joint pins in order to
back driving bar I with the swing jacks W.
disconnected by being lifted up by the camms 92, they still continue to move
backwards and forwards along with the swing jacks W, but produce no effect
by so doing. During the operation of forming the spots the bobbins and
carriages which are to finish the threads for the spots must be selected out of
their places in the complete rows of carriages A and B in the back combs E,
and pushed forwards by themselves between the warp threads into the front
combs D, as shewn by A 1, B 1, in Sheet I. This is done by pushers 3, cast
in leads, which are fixed in a row on a pusher bar 4, each pusher taking only
one carriage in the row, and there being a pusher at every place in the row
where a spot is intended to be formed in the lace, consequently, one pusher
opposite every notch in the blade f of the back locker F, and opposite every
hook 1 on the hook bar 13, in front. The pusher bar 4 is connected by
arms 60, which go back from it to joints at the upper ends of upright lever
arms 61, fixed on a horizontal axis 62, which is supported in fixed bearing
brackets at the back of the framing; from the axis 62 an arm 69 descends,
and the lower end is connected by a link 74 with the upper end of a lever 75,
which plays about a horizontal axis at its lower end, and is actuated by a
roller which it carries, and which runs against the curved circumference of
a camm 76 fixed in the main axis Y of the driving camms. The shape of
the said camm 76 is such that it will bring forwards the pusher bar 4 at the
proper time, and with the proper speed, to cause the extremities of the
pushers 3 to push forwards the selected carriages A 1, B 1, during the
operation of spotting, with the same motion as the back driving bar I would
give to the whole set of set of carriages if it were in action in lieu of the
pushers 3, as it actually is whilst the plain net is making. The extremities
of the pushers 3 are caused to move conformably to the curvature of the back
combs E, by means of trucks belonging to the arms 60, which trucks run
upon curved bearers 71, fixed fast in the back comb bar. The pusher bar 4
is drawn back by suitable reacting springs when the hollow of its camm 76

page_text: will permit, and it is then drawn back rathe further than is necessary
merely for allowing the selected carriages A 1, B 1, to be locked up along
with all the other carriages in the back combs E by the extra blade 2 of the
back locker F. The pushers 3 being so drawn back further than necessary,
the trucks of the arms 60 run down the back descent of the curved bearers 71,
so as to let down the points of the pushers 3 low enough to be out of the
way of the back driving bar I, in preparation for letting the same down into
its proper place in order that it may resume its action for making plain net,
in manner before described. The pusher bar 4 is then to be disconnected and
left motionless, which is done by lifting up the back end of the link 74, so as
to unhook the same from the joint pin at the lower end of the lever arm 69
in order to leave the same motionless, together with the pusher bar 4 and
pushers 3, all the time that plain net is making. The link 74 is lifted
up and let down at the proper moments for connecting and disconnecting
the pusher bar 4 by a camm 77 which is fixed on the long horizontal
axis 42, and is situated immediately beneath the back end of the link. 74,
so that a prominence on the edge of the camm 77 will lift up the link 74,
and disengage it, and keep it so disengaged until the said prominence of the
camm 77 has passed away from beneath the link 74, when it will be let down
again, and engaged to give motion to the pushers 3, as before. The back
points G remain motionless during all the time that the spotting is going on,.
for the back point bar g is then prevented from descending by the usual
action of its taking-up camm l, in consequence of the action of the curved
sweep 95, Sheet VI., and lever 96, before explained, and also the usual
knocking-out tackle w, is disengaged in consequence of the latch 33 of the
axis L of the racking wheels being disengaged from the tooth 31 of the bevil
wheel n. As soon as the spotting is finished and the making of plain net is
resumed, the back points G are brought into action again after their usual
mode. The additional back points 5 are cast in leads, which are screwed on an
additional back point bar 11, situated over the back point bar g, as is shewn
in Sheets I. and III. There is one of the additional back points 5 opposite
every place in the width of the net where a spot is intended to be made therein,
and those back points G, which are immediately beneath each of the additional
back points 5, have grooves excavated in their upper sides to admit the
pointed extremities of the additional back points 5 into the grooves, so that
the two points G and 5 may combine into one at their extremities; the con-
struction of these grooved points G, with the extra points 5 adapted to their
grooves, being the same that was used in the old Loughborough machines.
Whilst the regular course of making plain net is going on, the additional

page_text: way;
but
back points 5 are kept drawn back behind the net, quite out of the
before the spotting is begun, the additional back points 5 are pushed forwards
immediately after the back points G have taken up a row of half meshes. In
going forwards, the pointed extremities of the additional back points 5, being
dipped down so as to enter into the grooves of the back points G, they slide
along in the grooves and enter between the crossings of the bobbin threads,
which the back points G have just before taken up; the extremities of the
additional points 5 being thus inserted through the net, the curbs which the
bobbin threads are caused to make round the back points, in order to form
the spots in the manner before described, will pass around the extremities of
the additional back points 5, as well as round the back points G. When the
spotting is finished, and the back points G are withdrawn in the regular
course of taking up with the back points, they quit the curls which form the
spot, and the additional back points 5 will then remain in those curls to keep
them in form and hold up the crosses and meshes of the net until the back
points G have gone through their usual and proper taking-up action, after
which the additional back points 5 are withdrawn out of the net, and are kept
out behind the same during all the time of making of plain net. The front
points K return to their usual course of action as soon as the spotting is
finished, and the making of plain net resumed. The additional back point bar
11 is suspended in suitable crank bar arms 79, with a horizontal spindle bar 78,
which is supported on bearing brackets at each end fixed to the framing, and
steadied in the middle. The bar 11 is pushed forwards at the proper moment
by a camm 80 on the axis 42, which camm acts on the lower end of a
lever 87, poised on a fixed centre pin near the middle of its length, and the
upper end of the lever 87 is connected by a horizontal link 88 with the
additional back point bar 11. Springs are applied to draw back the bar 11
when the camm 80 will permit. Note, when the spotting is finished, and the
making of plain net is resumed, the up and down motion of the upright bolt 26,
which motion may be discontinued, turned the ratchet wheel 24 of forty teeth,
a tooth at a time, as before described, and as shewn in Sheet VI., but which
motion is not required when plain net is making. To discontinue the motion
of-the ratchet wheel 24, a camm 91 is fixed on the extreme end of the long
axis 42, see Sheet VI., and by a prominence upon it, an arm which projects
down from the lever 32 of the upright bolt 26 is propped up so as to prevent
the same from descending into the hollows of the camm 47 on the axis Y
until the making of plain net is very nearly finished, and then the prominence
of the camm 91 having passed away from the arm of the lever 32, allows the
upright bolt 26 and its driver 25 to resume its action and turn the ratchet

page_text: wheel 24 round a tooth at a time, as before described, and which action
continues during all the time that the spotting is going on. The successive
rows of spots which are to be formed in the lace, by the series of operation
herein-before described, will require that the hook bar 13, with its cor-
responding bar 7 for the pointed wires 6, also the back locker F, and the
pushers bar 4, should all be shogged endways in the interval between finishing
one row of spots and beginning another row, in order that all those parts may
follow the places across the width of the net where the spots are required to
be made at succeeding times. To effect this occasional shogging, the promi-
nence of the camm 91, last mentioned, must pass away so much before the
making of plain net is finished that the upright bolt 26 and its driver 25 will
move the ratchet wheel. 24 about four teeth before the spotting is begun, and
in moving those four teeth, the hook bar 13 and the bar 7-for the pointed
wires 6 will be shogged the required distance endways. The back locker F
and the pusher bar 4 are both shogged a like distance at the same time by
suitable prominences on the edges. of racking wheels 84, which are fixed on'
the horizontal cross axis 38, and are turned round therewith once for every
thirty turns of the main axis Y by the action of the ratchet wheel 36 of sixty
teeth. The said racking wheels 84 act by suitable levers 85 to rack the
back locker F and the pusher bar endways, every time when the spotting is
to be commenced, one time to the right, and the next time to the left: One
of the levers 85 acts laterally against a projecting ring; which is fixed to the
round axis of the back locker F, and projects out therefrom, and the other'
lever 90 acts in like manner against a tooth which projects out from the
axis 62. Suitable reacting springs and gage screws are applied to restore the
locker F and pusher bar 4 to their original positions when the prominences of
the racking wheels 84 have passed away so as to permit the said parts to go
back, that will be when those wheels have gone half round, and when the
succeeding rows of spots is to be made.
. Description of a fluted-roller machine, with my improvements applied.
thereto, for the purpose of manufacturing spotted bobbin net by rotary:
action. See Sheet VII. to X. of the Drawings hereunto annexed.
Sheet VII. is a section of the various parts which operate immediately upon
the threads, drawn in their full size. Sheet VIII. is an end elevation; and
Sheet IX. a corresponding transverse section. Sheet X. is a front elevation.
The names of the principal parts of the common fluted-roller machinery are
written on the Drawings to avoid needless explanations; and the application
of the additional machinery being in many respects similar to that which has

page_text: been herein-before described, the same letters and numeral characters are used
for reference, and also the same tints of colouring to denote the corresponding.
parts in both machines.
The hook bar 13 and the bar 7 for my pointed, wires 6 are the same as
before described, and are suspended in the same manner by arms 14, 14, from
the crank-bar arms 15 of a spindle bar 16, which is supported by brackets 17,
in order that the bars 13 and 7 may preserve a horizontal and parallel position
when they are moved up and down, which is done, as before described, by the
lever 18 fixed on the spindle bar 16, with the upright link 19 to connect with
the lever 20, which bears by a truck upon the curved circumference of the
camm 21. The camm 21 is fixed upon a horizontal axis 98, situate at
the lower part the machinery, and turned round by a pair of equal cog
wheels 97 and 99 from the axis Y of the revolving crank P, from which the
backwards and forwards motion of the fluted rollers is derived to move the car-
riages backwards and forwards in their combs; the crank P acting by the
connecting rod Q, the lever S, s, the link p, to swing the toothed sector or
fank backwards and forwards with a pendulous motion, and the teeth of the
fan gearing in the teeth of four pinions, which are fixed on the extreme ends
of the axis of the four fluted rollers. They are all four turned round alter-
nately backwards and forwards, and move the carriages backwards and for-
wards in their combs. The axis T of the handle Z, by which the whole
machinery is put in motion, is turned by hand, and by another equal cog.
wheel K, which gears with the wheel 97 on the axis Y of the crank P, and
as the wheel 97 gears with the other equal wheel 99 on the lower axis 98,
the latter axis goes round at the same rate as the handle Z is turned by the
hand, and the crank P also goes at the same rate, that is, three revolutions to
form a row of complete meshes of net. The smaller toothed pinion j, on the
axis Y of the crank P, turns a large cog wheel N of three times the size and
number of teeth, which is fixed on the axis O of the large racking wheels h, i,
at each end of the machine, which wheels go round once whilst a row of com-
plete meshes are worked; and by suitable steps on their circumferences they
give all the requisite racking motions to the two guide bars t, t, and to the
front comb bar, those motions being transmitted by elbow levers u at the ends
of the machine, and levers x, situated beneath and across the lower arms of
those levers, and immediately over the tops of the racking wheels h, i. The
said racking wheels h, i, and levers u, x, at one end of the machine, pull the
guide bars and comb bar one way, and those at the opposite ends pull them
in an opposite direction, without any necessity for reacting springs to the bars.
The knocking-out camms w, and the taking-up camnis 7, for actuating the

page_text: point bars, are fixed on the main axis O, near the middle of its length; and
they act by the intervention of treadle levers q below, and upright links m
behind, to pull down the ends of the back levers of the spindle bars by which
the point bars are suspended, and by so pulling down to raise up the point
bars for taking up. The above are the usual parts of fluted-bar machinery,
the construction of which does not permit of selecting particular carriages out
of the complete row of carriages, therefore all the set of carriages must be
moved backwards and forwards between the warp threads whilst the operation
of the spotting is going on; and the hooks I and pointed wires 6 in going
down amongst the complete rows of bobbin threads when all the carriages
come into the front combs, must select and catch those particular bobbin
threads which are intended to be hooked up and looped over the back points,
the hooking up and looping over the points being performed exactly in the
same manner as in the machine herein-before described, the only difference
being in the manner of catching the bobbin threads by the hooks 1 and pointed
6 wires, because the bobbin threads form a complete row, whereof the hooks and
pointed wires must catch some and miss others, but having caught and hooked
them, the remainder of the action is the same as before described. The hook bar
13 and the bar 7 of pointed wires are shogged endways when requisite by means
of their gage screw 8, the sliding bolts 27 and racking wheels 23 at the end of
the machine, all which are very similar to those before described, the racking
wheels being turned round by their ratchet wheel 24, hooked driver 25, and
upright rod 26, which is moved up and down by a lever 32 at the lower end
of it, and which lever 32 is fixed on the extremity of a horizontal axis 62,
reaching out from under the framing, and on the other end of the same axis
62 is another lever 63, with a roller upon it, to apply beneath the curved
circumference of a camm 47, fixed on the axis 98. The upright sliding red
26 is pulled upwards by the reaction of a spring, and when it is forced down
by the prominences of the camm 47, the driver 25 turns the wheel 24 öne
tooth. The camm 47 bas three prominent parts, to cause the ratchet wheel
24 to be moved three teeth (at three different times) in each ascent and
descent of the hook bar 13 and bar 7 of pointed wires; that is, one tooth
when the bars 13, 7, are at top, another tooth when they get half way down,
and again another tooth when they get quite down. When the operation of
spotting is finished, the motion of the upright rod 26 is to be discontinued,
because the hook bar does not require to be racked endways whilst the plain
net is making. To effect this discontinuance, the end of the lever 63 is
prolonged so as to reach beneath the circumference of a suitable camm (not
represented) which is fixed on a horizontal axis 42 at be back of the

page_text: machine, and on which axis is also fixed a ratchet wheel 48, with fifteen teeth,
which is turned slowly round a tooth at a time.by a driver 49, jointed to a
lever 50, which is actuated by a camm 46 on the axis 98, so as to move the
ratchet wheel 48 one tooth for every turn of the axis 98, in the same manner
as in the former machine. The camm above mentioned on the axis 42, which
acts on the end of the lever 63, holds the same down by a prominence as soon
as the spotting is finished, and keeps the lever 63 down, so as to prevent the
action of the upright rod 26 until a little before the making of the plain net is
finished, and then the said camm releases the end of the lever 63; and allows
the ratchet wheel 24 to be moved four successive teeth before the spotting is
begun again, in order that, during the moving of those four teeth, the hook
bar 13 and its pointed wire bar 7 may be shogged endways by their racking
wheels suitably for the places across the width of the net where the new row
of spots are to be made by the action of the hooks and pointed wires 6, and
which places will be different from the places where the preceding row was
made. When the operation of spotting is to be begun, the front points are
drawn out of the work into the position shewn in Sheets VII. and IX.
by means of a suitable camm on the axis 42, with similar tackle to that
before described in the other machine, and which is marked, 12, 10, 9, 29,
and 73, in Sheet III., IV., and V., but which parts are not repeated
in the Drawings of the fluted roller machine, and also the front points
are retained from descending out of that position by the means before
described. The back points G must be left motionless all the time that
the spotting is going on, which is done by liberating their knocking-out
lever V from the usual action of its wiper w, by which the back points
are withdrawn at proper intervals when plain net is making. For this
purpose the usual roller to be acted upon by that wiper w. is removed
from the end of the lever V, and in lieu a lever 54 is applied with a roller
near to one end of it, to be lifted up by the knocking out wiper w, when it
comes round beneath the roller, and whilst plain net is making the extreme
end of the lever 54 reaches beneath the end of the lever V, and lifts up the
same so as to withdraw or knock out the back points G; but when the centre
pin, about which the other end of the lever 54 is moveable, is fixed into the-
upper end of an upright lever 55, which rocks upon an axis at its lower end,
supported by the framing, and the lever 55 is connected by a horizontal cross
rod 56 with another similar upright lever 58, which has a roller to bear against
the edge of a cam 59 on the axis 42, by the reaction of a suitable spring.
When the spotting is begun, the camm 59 allows the parts to assume the
position represented in Sheet IX.; the lever 54 is then drawn so far forwards

page_text: that its extreme end will not reach beneath the end of the knocking out
lever V, and therefore that lever will not be lifted by the action of the .wiper w
on the lever 54, although that action continues as usual. Also to prevent the
back point bar descending whilst the spotting is going on (in consequence of
the usual action of its taking up camm l, and treadle lever q, with its upright
back link m), a wedge piece 67 (shewn dotted), which is fixed to the cross
rod 56, is carried by the endway motion thereof over a stump 57, which projects
out from the upright back link m so as to confine that link from rising up
and consequently to prevent the back point bar from descending as it would
otherwise do when the hollow part of the camm ? comes round. When the
making of plain net is begun again, a prominence on the camm 59.draws
back the upright lever 58 and cross rod 56, and rocking lever 55, with one
motion, whereby the extreme end of the lever 54 is again carried beneath the
end of the knock out lever V, ready to lift the same and withdraw the back
points as soon as the wiper w comes beneath the roller of the lever 54 to raise
it up; also the wedge piece 67 is. withdrawn from the stump 57 of the back
link m, leaving the same and the back points at liberty to take up in the usual
way by the action of their taking up camm 7 against their treadle lever q; also
by the same movement another wedge piece 61, which is fastened to the upper
end of the rocking lever 55, is moved beneath the joint pin which unites the
lower end of the upright link 19 with its lever 20, which joint pin will then be
raised .up to its highest position by the prominence of its camm 21; but the
action of the wedge 61 raises the lever 20 a very little higher, and holds it up
when so raised in order to keep up the hook bar 13 and its fellow bar 7 in their
raised position, so that the hooks 1 and pointed wires 6 will be quite above
the rows of both points, out of the way, and they must continue so all the time
that the plain net is making. Note, in the former machine there must be a
similar lifting up of the hook bar and its link 19, and lever 20, rather higher:
than the camm 21 will raise the same, and they must be kept up all the time
of making plain net; although it was omitted to be mentioned. The purpose.
is effected in the machine represented in Sheet III. by an arm projecting out.
from the lever 20, and reaching to the circumference of a suitable camm fixed.
on the axis 42, the construction and action being precisely the same as that of.
the parts marked 26, 32, 47, Y, 91, 42, in Sheet VI. The usual action.
whereby the racking wheels h, i, at the ends of the machine shog the guide bars
and comb bar must be discontinued whilst the spotting is going on. The racking.
levers a, which are immediately over the rims h, i, of the racking wheels, are,
lifted up and let down in the usual manner by the steps or notches on those rims,
as the same pass beneath the levers ; but in order to admit of disconnecting the

page_text: racking levers, they are placed so far beneath the horizontal arms of the
elbow levers u (which arms they are intended to lift up and let down in order
to rack the bars) that the motions given to the levers by the steps will not'
be transmitted to the elbow levers u unless the ends of other levers 70,
Sheet 8, are interposed between the levers x and u, those ends being of a
knob form, and resting always upon the ends of the levers a, so as to rise and
fall therewith; and when the levers 70 are placed with their knob ends under
the ends of the horizontal arms of the elbow levers u, the same motion is
given to those ends, and that motion is transmitted by the upright arms of the
said elbow levers u to gage screws at the extremities of the guide bars and
comb bar which they are intended to rack, the action of racking being to pull
those bars endways. The knob-ended levers 70 are placed side by side, one
over each lever x, being all moveable about one centre pin, which is supported
at the upper end of an upright lever 71, fixed on the end of an horizontal
axis 72, which is also the axis of the lever 58, before mentioned; therefore
the same movement which, as before mentioned, is produced by the camm 59
on the lever 58, cross rod 56, and lever 55, will also move the lever 71, so as
to push the knob-ended levers 70 endways, as shewn in Sheet VIII., until
their knob ends, by sliding along the tops of the levers a, will pass sideways
from beneath the ends of the horizontal arms of the elbow levers x, leaving
those levers disconnected, and then although the racking levers x, u, at the
other end of the machine are not disconnected, the bars will remain pulled
away from that end where the racking levers are so disconnected, and will
continue motionless in that position as a resting position until the spotting is
finished, and then the upright lever 71 will pull back all the knob-ended levers
70, so that their knobs will slide back again along the tops of the levers x, until
the come beneath the ends of the horizontal arms of the elbow levers u, which
levers will then become connected, and will produce the requisite shogging of
the bars as usual all the time of making plain net. Note, the said connecting
and disconnecting of the racking levers at one end of the machine must be
made at intervals when the racking levers a are resting in hollows or notches in
the rims of their racking wheels h, i, respectively, for then the bars will be racked
away from the end at which the connection or disconnection is to be made, and
which, as before mentioned, is their proper resting position whilst the spotting is
going on. In the fluted roller machinery no selection can be made of the carriages
which are to be used in spotting, because all the carriages must go backwards
and forwards in the combs in complete rows. Therefore, whilst the spotting
is going on, all the warp threads must remain motionless without shogging,
except those particular warp threads which correspond to the bobbin threads

page_text: 'which are hooked up in spotting, and those particular warp threads must be
shogged with similar shogging. motions to those described in the other
machines, but which motion were there given to all the warp threads and
here to the particular warp threads only, viz., after the hooks 1 and pointed
wires 6 have caught particular bobbin threads, and all the carriages have gore
through between the warp threads into the back combs E, the warp threads
corresponding to the particular bobbin threads which have been so caught up
must be racked to the left, before the carriages are again brought forwards
between the warp threads. But as the rest of the warp threads remained
motionless, the whipping of the bobbin threads which are used in making
spots will only take around behind their corresponding warp threads, the rest
of the carriages returning again through the same spaces between the warp
threads that they went through before. In like manner, when all the
carriages are in the front combs D, those particular warp threads corre-
sponding to the bobbin threads which have been caught by the hooks and
pointed wires are racked to the right before the carriages go backwards
again between the warp threads; but no other warp threads are racked. To
effect this racking of particular warp threads, four extra guide bars are provided,
as sliewn in Sheet VII. at 60 and 65, and 64 and 69. They are applied
against the ordinary guide bars t, t, in the usual manner of applying extra
guide bars for selvidge threads in Lever's machinery; and the extra guides
which are affixed to the said extra bars are like those used for selvidge
threads. The said extra guides are applied at any place in the row of' guidés
opposite to the places were spots are required to be made across the width of
the lace, one extra guide in the front row and another in the back row of
guides, at each such place suitable vacancies being left in the row of back and
front guides for these extra guides to fill up, so that the rows of warp threads
are complete without vacancies in them. One pair of the extra guides bars
60 and 65 contain the warp threads opposite to the places in the width of the
lace, where spots are to be made at one time of spotting; and at that time of
spotting the racking wheels 23 for the hook bar 13 and bar 7 of 'pointed
wires must be regulated so as to shog the hooks 1 and pointed wires 6
opposite to the said places, in order that they may catch the bobbin threads
corresponding to the warp threads which belong to the pair of extra guide
bars 60 and 65, and also during that time of spotting that pair of extra guide
pars 60 and 65 will be racked, but no other guide bars. The other pair of
extra guide bars 64 and 69 contain the warp threads opposite to the places
were spots will be made at the next succeeding time of spotting, and the
acking wheels 23 must then place the hooks and pointed wires opposite to

page_text: the said place, and during that time of spotting the pair of extra guide bars
64 and 69 must be shogged, but no other. Note, the bobbin threads are
hooked up in pair, two threads together, from the bobbins of the two carriages,
which are one before the other in the same space between the combs,. and
therefore the pair of corresponding warp threads which stand one before the
other must be racked together; hence, in all cases the two extra guide bars
of each pair 60 and 65, or 64 and 69, must be racked together like one bar.
The racking of the said extra guide bars is performed by suitable steps and
notches upon two extra rims 77, 74, Sheet X., which are affixed to the large
racking wheels, at the side of their usual rims h and i; suitable levers, like
those marked x, with elbow levers over them like those marked u, being pro-
vided to transmit the racking motions from those extra rims to the extra
guide bars, viz., from the rim 74 for racking the the pair of extra guide bars
60 and 65 both together like one bar, and from the rim 77 for. racking the
other pair of extra guide bars 64 and 69 both together like one bar. The
racking levers of the said extra rims 74, 77, and extra guide bars 60, 65, and
64, 69, must be capable of being connected and disconnected at the proper
times by interposing or withdrawing the knob ends of two levers, such as
before described, and marked 70, Sheet VIII., between the ends of two levers
(like x), which are acted upon by the steps of the rims 77 and 74, and the
ends of the horizontal arms of two elbow levers like u, which are connected
with the extra guide bars, one elbow lever with one pair of those bars, and
the other elbow lever with the other pair of extra guide bars; the said two
levers, with knob ends, being both supported on one centre pin, affixed at
the end of a suitable lever (like that marked 71, but at the lower end thereof,
instead of at the upper end, because the said lever now describing must extend
upwards instead of downwards, in order that the upper end of it may go within
reach of a suitable racking wheel, fixed upon the axis of the ratchet wheel 24;
and which racking wheel will operate in such manner during all the times when
plain net is making as to place the said two knob-ended levers in such a position
that their knobs will be withdrawn from beneath the ends of both the two elbow.
levers of the two pairs of extra guide bars, which will in that case be dis-
connected, and will remain motionless whenever plain net is making; but
when the spotting is to be begun the aforesaid racking wheel on the axis of
the ratchet wheel 24 will cause both the said two knob-ended levers to be
pushed endways, whereby the knob of one of them (but only of one) will be
brought beneath the end of its corresponding elbow lever, and on which it
will then act, in order to rack one pair of the extra guide bars during all that
time of spotting, which being finished, the same knob-ended levers will be

page_text: drawn by another action of the aforesaid racking wheel into their first-
mentioned position, when both will be disconnected, and will continue so
whilst the plain net is making, and afterwards the next succeeding time when
the spotting is to be commenced the same racking wheel on the axis of the
wheel 24 must draw both the same knob-ended levers still further endways, in
order that the knob of the other lever (not that which acted the former time)
may be brought beneath its corresponding elbow lever which belongs to the
other pair of extra guide bars, in order to rack that pair during all that time.
of spotting. The back points G, and additional back points 5, are the same
as before described, and are suspended and actuated in the same manner, viz.,
the bar 11 of the additional back points is suspended in crank bar arm 79
from a spindle bar 78, and are put forwards by a link 88 and back lever 87,
which has a roller at the lower end, to be acted upon at proper intervals by a
camm 80, which is fixed on the long horizontal axis 42. Note, an additional
back point 5, and a grooved back point G, must be provided opposite to every
place where spots are ever intended to be made in the width of the lace at all
the succeeding times of making the same, and there is no objection to making
a complete row of back points 5, with corresponding grooved back points G
beneath them. Note, when my pointed wire 6 are applied to act with hooks I,
which are required to catch and hook up particular bobbin threads out of a
complete row of bobbin threads (as is the case in the fluted roller machinery
last described, where no selection of carriages can be made), there should be
two pointed wires 6 to each hook, instead of one to each hook as before.
described. The extremities of the said two pointed wires will pass on the two
sides of the bobbin thread which their corresponding hook is intended to
catch, so as to include the said thread between the extremities of the two-
pointed wires, in order that it cannot escape. One of the said pointed extre-
mities will bend aside the said bobbin thread which they include between
them, so as to bear it into the hook when the same is put down, and to keep
the said thread securely in the hook whilst it is going up, and the other of the
said pointed extremities will act to bear the same thread aside in the contrary
direction, in order to disengage it from the hook after it has hooked up the
said thread a little higher than the level of the back points. It is not.
necessary for this purpose that two distinct pointed wires should be used with.
each hook, for the same effect may be produced by having two pointed' extre-
mities to each shank or stem of pointed wires, in which case there will be
only one such sbank or stem to each hook, and the wires may then be called
forked wires, the two prongs of each fork passing at the opposite sides of the
bobbin thread which the hook is intended to catch, and including the said

page_text: thread between the two prongs of the fork. Note, Morley's machinery may
be worked for making spotted lace without selecting the particular bobbins
and carriages which are to furnish the threads for making the spots, the
action of catching and hooking up the particular bobbin threads out of a
complete row being the same as in the fluted roller machinery above
described, and in that case the pushers 4, and the extra machinery to the
back driving bar and to the extra back locker, are all unnecessary for making
the application of spotting apparatus to Morley's machinery. The large
section, Sheet VII., explains how hooks 1 and pointed wires 6 are to be
applied to catch and hook up particular warp threads in order to form spots
therewith, instead of making the spots with bobbin threads, as herein-before
described. The action is so nearly the same, whether warp threads or bobbin
threads are to be hooked up, as to require a very little explanation after what
has been set forth at the commencement of this Specification respecting
making spots with warp threads. The pointed wires should be double, or two
to each hook, or else forked wires should be used with two prongs to each
fork, to include the warp thread between the prongs, as above mentioned.
The warp threads which are intended to be caught and hooked up must be
conducted through the eyes of extra guides fixed on extra guide bars, and
supplied from extra warp rollers 90 and 91, as before explained; one pair of
extra guide bars 60 and 65, with one warp roller 90, being operative for
supplying the threads for making one row of spots, and the other pair of extra
guide bars 64, 69, with the other extra warp roller 91, being operative for
supplying the threads at the next succeeding time of making a row of spots.
The two extra warp rollers 90 and 91 may be mounted in crank bar arms
70 and 71, so as to be capable of heaving up a very little, for the purpose of
easing the tension of those warp threads which have been hooked up (as
herein-before explained) when the hooks get very nearly up to their resting
place, but after they have lodged those warp threads over the back points, and
begin to descend again, the said extra warp rollers will be then lowered a very
little, and will thus restore the said warp threads to a proper tension. The
crank bars 70, 71, may be thus heaved up by motion derived from suitable
revolving camms and racking wheels turned by the rotary machinery, or else
by motion derived from the ascending motion of the hook bar 13, and pointed
wire bar 7, by a suitable connection with some part of the apparatus, whereby
those bars are suspended and moved up and down, so as that the said
connection will take place when the said bars are arrived nearly at the highes
limit of their ascending motion. For instance, to effect this purpose, a
upright link 92 may be jointed to one of the arms of the crank bar 71, an

page_text: the upper end of the link 92 may have a stump projecting out from it over
one extremity of the hook bar 13 and bar 7, (or else over the extremity of the
endmost of the crank bar arms 15 at that end of the machine,) in such.
manner that the said extremity will catch under the said stump, so as to pull
up the link 92, in order to heave up the warp roller 90, and slacken its warp
threads a little every time that the hooks get very nearly up, and are in the
act of performing the looping of those slackened threads over the back points,.
which being done, the warp roller 90 will be let down again so soon as the.
hooks begin to descend, and thereby the threads which have been so loosed,
will be drawn tight again. This action takes place during the making of one
row of spots, and whilst the hooks act upon the warp threads belonging to the.
roller 90; but when the hooks get up for the last time in making that row,
the hook bar 13 and bar 7 will be moved endways (as before explained), in
preparation for making the next succeeding row of spots at new places across
the width of the lace. Wherefore the said extremity of the bars will be
drawn away from under the said stump of the link 92, so as to let the roller
90 drop down again, in order to draw its warp threads tight whilst the plain
net is making. When the next row of spots is begun, (and when the hooks
must act upon the warp threads proceeding from the other roller 91,) the
opposite extremity of the bar 13 and 7 (or else the extremity of the other
endmost crank bar arm 15 at the opposite end of the machine) will catch
under a like projecting stump on a like upright link at the opposite end of the
machine, belonging to the crank bar 70 of the other warp roller 91, so as to
lift the same as aforesaid when required.
Having now described my said improvements, I, the said William Crofts,
do hereby declare that the Invention whereof the exclusive use is granted to
me by the Letters Patent herein-before recited, consists in the application of
the pointed wires herein-before described, in conjunction with hooks for
catching the threads, which are to be looped up in order to form spots with
more certainty and facility of action, and for disengaging the threads which
have been hooked up, by virtue of which part of my improvements, the action
of hooks being aided by the application of such pointed wires, can be performed
with certainty and facility without interrupting the proper backwards and
forwards swinging motion which is usually given to the bobbins and carriages
in rotary machines, and in the application of additional back points and
grooved back points (such as were used in the old Loughborough machines),
in the manner herein-before explained, for the purpose of keeping the spots
and the meshes of the net in correct form. Also in arranging the various
parts of the additional machinery which is requisite for working spots in

page_text: bobbin net lace, and in combining such arranged spotting machinery with the
usual parts of rotary Morley's machinery in the manner herein-before
explained, so that the applied spotting machinery will be put in action to
make spots in the lace by a continuance of the same rotary impulse which
causes plain net to be made by the ordinary action of the lace machinery to
which the spotting machinery is applied. Also in arranging in like manner
the various parts of spotting machinery so as to dispense with any selection
of particular bobbins and carriages out of the complete rows of bobbins and
carriages, and combining such arranged spotting machinery with the ordinary
fluted roller machinery in the manner herein-before described, so that the
spotting operation will be performed by a continuance of the same rotary
impulse whereby the plain net is made. And also in arranging the parts of
such spotting machinery so that warp threads may be selected, caught, and
hooked up thereby in manner herein-before described, in order to form spots
therewith in the lace, instead of using bobbin threads as heretofore for that
purpose.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Crofts, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Eighth day of August, One thousand eight hundred
Inrolled the Tenth day of August, One thousand eight hundred and
thirty-three.