IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF FOLDING CHAIRS, STOOLS, AND OTHER ARTICLES TO SIT OR RECLINE UPON
Year: 1854

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Louisa Monzani at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with her Petition, on the 13th October
1854.
I, LOUISA MONZANI, of Greyhound Place, Old Kent Road, in the County of
Surrey, Widow and Administratrix of Willoughby Theobald Monzani, late of
9, St. James' Terrace, Blue Anchor Road, Bermondsey, in the said County of
Surrey, Gentleman, deceased, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF FOLDING CHAIRS, STOOLS, AND OTHER
ARTICLES TO SIT OR RECLINE UPON," (being the same Invention for which
Provisional Protection was granted to my said late husband on the 30th day
of June 1854), to be as follows:-
This Invention consists of improved combinations of parts in the manu-
facture of folding chairs, stools, and other articles to sit or recline on. For this
purpose, in constructing a folding chair two frames are used, which in use cross
each other, and move on an axis, in a similar manner to a camp stool; one of
these frames is connected at the upper end by a bar or rail, which constitutes
the front rail of the chair, and to which canvass or strong fabric or flexible
material is fixed, to produce the seat and back. The other frame is made of
two parts, hinged or connected together in such manner as to fold or assume
different positions in respect to each other and to the other frame. The upper

page_text: rail, which connects the two sides of this frame, has connected to it the other
end of the canvass or flexible material, which is arranged by its being wound
on a roller or otherwise, so as to increase or decrease the length between the
front rail and the upper rail of the back of the chair. The two parts
constituting the back frame of the chair are combined larger than the frame
forming the front of the chair; hence the back frame rises higher than the
front rail of the seat of the chair, and by reason of the larger frame being
capable of folding the back may be placed and held at different inclinations, to
suit the desire of the person using the chair. There is a back rail (moveable
or fixed) to the seat of the chair, under which the fabric or flexible seat and
back passes, and the positions assumed by the folding of the double frame is
governed by pins or stops, or projections, or by eyelet holes and holding
instruments. By these arrangements the folding chair may be made not only
to assume different positions or forms-as-a-chair, but it may be made to
assume the form of a stool, and also such a form as to be suitable to recline
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In making, folding camp stools, in order that..they may fold, into a less
compass than heretofore, the frames or legs which have the front and back rails
fixed to them are formed with an axis, or hinges or axes, by which the side
frames are each capable of folding in respect to themselves, as well as in
respect to each other, in place of the two frames of which a camp stool is
usually formed, simply opening and folding by crossing each other and moving
on an axis. And in making camp stools with backs, three frames are 'used,
capable of folding one within the other, so that not only may the two inner
frames forining the stool be folded into each other, but also that these two
frames may be folded into the frame constituting the back, and the whole lie
flat, and pack in less compass than when the frame for the back is shorter
than the other two frames; and in fixing the canvass or other flexible material
to the front rail, the front rail is in some cases so formed or bent as to have the
fabric or material fixed from side to side, and so as to support the person
without resting on the front rail.