matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR HOEING TURNIPS
Year: 1874

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James James Mitchell, of 47, Bridge Foot Street,
Dublin, in the County of Dublin, Ireland, for the Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR HOEING TURNIPS."
Sealed the 6th November 1874, and dated the 8th May 1874.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James James Mitchell
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 8th May 1874.
I, JAMES JAMES MITCHELL, of 47, Bridge Foot Street, Dublin, in the
County of Dublin, Ireland, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR HOEING TURNIPS," to be
as follows:
My Invention of improved machinery for hoeing turnips consists in
the combination of its monta
no-frumn the m

page_text: hoeing, harrowing, and thinning out the turnip plants at one operation
while the machine is in motion.
For the paring of the drills I use a paring plough formed of two small
steel boards inclined at a suitable angle right and left in each drill, so as
to leave the turnip plants standing at the top thereof, the paring plough
being in front and drawn forward on a pair of travelling wheels, on the
axial shaft of which and affixed thereto in the centre is fixed a bevil
wheel which gives motion to a bevil pinion which communicates motion
to a shaft placed at right angles to the axis of the travelling wheels, this
shaft with its bevil pinion on one end has on the other a crank working
in a suitable bearing; affixed to the end of this crank is a steel pin which
passes into a brass friction roller that works freely in a slotted projection
fixed at right angles on a horizontal bar to move to and fro across the
drills which I call a shuttle motion, and can be elevated or depressed at
the will of the operator.
On the ends of the horizontal bar are pendant and fixed thereto steel
blades 6 or more inches square called the hoe, which cuts the tops of
the drills at each to-and-fro motion of the bar across the drill, leaving
the turnip plants from 6 to 12 inches apart, as may be required, by
shifting the throw of the crank with a screw. The travelling wheels
having the bevil wheel on the centre of their axis, impart motion to the
bevil pinion and consequently to the crank, the steel pin affixed thereto.
working freely in the brass friction roller which is enclosed in a slot and
at right angles to the horizontal bar, giving to the bar a to-and-fro
motion across the drills, the pendant blades at each end of the bar
taking off a portion of the top of each drill, and therefore thinning the
plants on the drills as the machine proceeds.
Attached to the end of the machine I place a small harrow to rake
alants from the sides of the drills into the furrow
IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Thomas Gillibrand at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 17th October 1874.
I, ROBERT THOMAS GILLIBRAND, of Darwen, near Blackburn, in
the County of Lancaster, Cotton Manufacturer, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for “IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING,"
to be as follows:—
This Invention has for its object the prevention of damage to the reed
or other part of the loom when a shuttle is caught in the shed; the reed
is rendered a "fast and loose reed" by the use of the following
apparatus:-Connected with each end of the reed is a bracket to which
a "duck bill" is attached; a fixing secured to each of the slay swords,
carries an upright spring lever, the upper end of which forms a loop or
eyelet; when the slay moves to make the "beat up" the ends of a stud
acts on the spring lever forcing the same forward, the loop or eyelet of

page_text: each lever being pushed on to its duck bill, thus locking the reed
fast. In the beat up should the shuttle be caught in the shed the reed
(being held by the eyelet and duck bill loose) will be forced back or
open, and the duck bill will thus be raised so as to pass over the loops or
eyelets in the spring levers.
AN IMPROVED MECHANISM OR APPARATUS TO BE USED IN CONJUNCTION WITH STEAM BOILERS, EITHER AS A LOW-WATER ALARM OR AS AN AUTOMATIC WATER FEEDER
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Partridge at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 22nd
June 1874.
I, JOSEPH PARTRIDGE, of Pelsall, near Walsall, in the County of
Stafford, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "AN IMPROVED MECHANISM OR APPARATUS TO BE USED IN CONJUNCTION WITH
STEAM BOILERS, EITHER AS A LOW-WATER ALARM OR AS AN AUTOMATIC WATER
FEEDER," to be as follows:-
My Invention has for its object the prevention of boiler explosions in
those numerous cases which are caused either directly or indirectly from
shortness of water in the boilers. All the working parts are within the
boiler, and thus friction against packing, such as with the ordinary float
rod, is entirely avoided.
My Invention consists of a valve within the boiler, so arranged with
a lever and float as that upon the descent of the float below a certain
fixed point the valve is opened. This action is obtained by placing the
fulcrum between the valve and the float, as will be readily understood.
The valve is prevented from opening unnecessarily wide or high by a
guard. A pipe communicating with the said valve passes from thence

page_text: to the outside of the boiler, and may be left open ended, or terminate
with a steam whistle, or may communicate with the feed-water pipe.
The action is as follows:-Immediately upon the descent of the float
below a certain point the valve will be opened and steam will rush out
through the pipe, when attention will be attracted by the rushing noise,
or by the whistle, if a whistle is used, or if the apparatus is used as an
automatic water feeder the feed water will rush into the boiler. In this
latter case the valve is pressed on or kept up to its face by a weight or
spring to assist the pressure of the steam, which would otherwise be
insufficient.
If the water used for the boiler holds much solid matter in suspension
the valve may be surrounded by a casing of fine wire gauze.
A cock may be used instead of the valve-before mentioned, and has
the advantage of not requiring to be weighted when used for an
automatic water feeder.
In- PROVED APPLIANCES TO HORSE-SHOES, PORTIONS OF SUCH APPLIANCES BEING APPLICABLE TO MACHINERY AND OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Cornelius Fryer and
Nathan Hodgson at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 11th April 1874.
WC, JOHN CORNELIUS FRYER, of 36, Beech Street, Barbican, in the
City of London, and NATHAN HODGSON, of New Barnet, in the County
of Herts, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "In-
PROVED APPLIANCES TO HORSE-SHOES, PORTIONS OF SUCH APPLIANCES BEING
APPLICABLE TO MACHINERY AND OTHER PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists of three plates resting upon the surface of an
ordinary shoe which are connected by an inner band or rim, which rim
fits the inner circle of the shoe. The said plates are constructed to
clip the outer as well as the inner rim of the shoe.
In lieu of having the above-named plates attached to an inner band
we may place them separately upon the shoe, fixing in each case by
means of a self-drilling steel set screw, which passes through the inner
clip of the plate into the inner rim of the ordinary horse-shoe, by which
means, either separately or when connected on the inner band, the plates

page_text: arc securely and firmly attached to the shoe, the point of this screw is so
formed, being self-acting, that it drills or perforates the shoe. Upon the
surface of the above-named plates in each case we screw in an iron boss
or nut which we term the wearing portion, which may be roughed or
plain, as found requisite. These bosses or nuts can be renewed as often
as required, a slot being formed in the bottom part of the screw for its
removal when the head is worn down.
The main difficulty hitherto has been the means of securing moveable
clips to horse-shoes, but this is removed by the adoption of our self-
drilling steel pointed set screw. This screw may also be adapted to
other purposes, such as handles, pullies, iron collars for shafting, and
other parts of machinery.
IMPROVEMENTS IN DOMESTIC STOVES
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Noah Jacobsohn at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 17th
November 1874.
I, NOAH JACOBSOHN, of No. 15, Aldridge Road Villas, Westbourne
Park, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN DOMESTIC STOVES," to be as
follows:-
My Invention relates to an improved construction of domestic stoves
for warming rooms, wherein the heat of the fire is imparted to the room
through the medium of water contained in a reservoir entirely sur-
rounding the fire-place. For this purpose I construct a casing of
cylindrical or other shape, by preference made of copper, but which may
also be of wrought or cast iron or other suitable metal. In the lower
part of this casing is formed a closed fuel chamber, having at bottom a
fire-grate communicating through an opening in the bottom of the
casing with an ash-pit formed below the casing, while at the upper end
the fuel chamber has a flue pipe passing up to the top of the casing,
where it is formed with a bend, and passes out through the side of the
casing to be connected with the chimney of the room. Access is gained

page_text: to the fuel chamber for the introduction of fuel through openings in the
side of the casing and of the fuel chamber, which are closed by doors.
The space inside the casing is filled with water, which surrounds the
fuel chamber and flue, so that the heat of the fire is imparted to the
water, and is thence transmitted through the casing into the room.
The water is introduced into the casing through an aperture at the
top, provided with a valve, which opens into a chamber or receptacle
formed at the top of the casing, so that should the water become heated
to boiling point any small quantity that may be forced out through the
valve will flow into the said chamber or receptacle; such chamber may
also be utilised for warming food and other objects.
In using this improved stove the heat should be so regulated that the
water is not caused to boil, so that very little water is lost by evaporation,
and it will only be necessary to make good such loss at considerable
intervals of time, say, once a week.
Where convenient the water reservoir may be connected to a water
service pipe, so as to provide a constant supply, and thus obviate the
necessity of filling by hand.
A tap is provided at the lower part of the reservoir, through which
hot water required for any purpose may be drawn off.
'
The top of the stove may be covered by a slab of stone or other
material serving as a table.
Instead of employing solid fuel for heating the above described
improved stove gas may be used, for which purpose I introduce any
suitable known form of gas burner into the before-mentioned fuel 2
chamber.
IMPROVEMENTS IN TRACTION SPRINGS FOR VEHICLES
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Denton Abel at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
17th April 1874.-A communication from abroad by Ludwig
Fehrmann, of Potsdam, in the Kingdom of Prussia.
I, CHARLES DENTON ABEL, of No. 20, Southampton Buildings,
Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN TRACTION SPRINGS FOR
VEHICLES," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to improvements in traction springs to be
interposed between the ends of the traces and the part of the vehicle to
which the traces are usually attached for the purpose of lessening the
shocks and consequent injurious sudden strain upon the horses, resulting
from unevennesses of the road, as also from the sudden starting of the
vehicles from a state of rest.
According to the present Invention such traction springs are con-
structed of a metal tube closed at one end and having an opening at the
other end, through which a rod enters the tube, such rod having at its

page_text: inner end a plate or head fixed thereto, while at its outer end it has a
hook to which the trace is attached. Upon the rod is placed a length of
caoutchouc tubing, which abutts at one end against the head or plate on
the end of the rod, and at the other end against a shoulder on the end of
the metal tube through which the rod enters it. On the closed end of
the metal tube is fixed or formed a hook or eye by means of which the
tube is attached to the vehicle.
When a tension is put on the traces by the pull of the horse the rod
of the traction spring is drawn somewhat out of the metal tube and the
caoutchouc tube is thereby compressed more or less between the head on
the rod and the shoulder on the metal tube, according to the degree of
tractile force exerted; and on any sudden increased resistance to the
motion of the vehicle occurring owing to the unevennesses in the road, a
farther compression of the caoutchouc tube will be effected, whereby the
transmission of any sudden shocks through the traces will be prevented.
In like manner the unequal motion of the horses will by means of this
apparatus be converted into a uniform pull on the vehicle.
In place of the caoutchouc tube a helical steel spring may be
employed.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PRO- DUCTION OF NEW COLORING MATTERS AND THEIR APPLICATION FOR PRODUCING RAISED DESIGNS ON FABRICS
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Wilhelm Engets-dorff at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
14th September 1874.
I, WILHELM ENGETS-DORFF, of Chicago, United States of America, at
present of 123, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PRO-
DUCTION OF NEW COLORING MATTERS AND THEIR APPLICATION FOR PRODUCING
RAISED DESIGNS ON FABRICS," to be as follows:-
-
The object of this Invention is to obtain new coloring matters and
their application for the production of raised designs on fabrics by means
of stencil plates used in the ordinary manner, the action of said coloring
matters being such as to raise the fibres of the fabric. I take in the
stated proportions one pound of gum tragacanth and mix with sixteen
quarts of water and let it stand four days, and then boil for about
twenty-four hours before using, or it may be used without being boiled.
For the production of red and purple colors for printing on light
colored fabrics I take one half ounce of aniline and add thereto one pint
of alcohol, and mix together with such quantity of the solution of gum

page_text: prepared as above as may be required to produce a lighter or deeper
shade of color.
To produce green colors I take of the gum tragacanth solution one
ounce and mix with about one quarter of an ounce of pea green acid
and one-eighth of an ounce of indigo thyme.
For printing in red color on block cloth or other dark fabrics I take
one pound of cochineal and steep in water for twenty-four hours, and
then remove and boil the cochineal in sixteen quarts of pure water for
about four hours; I then add to the boiling liquor eight ounces of oxalic
acid and then strain to remove any sediment or impurities. To each
pound of this mixture I add one pound of gum tragacanth and let this
stand for three or four days, when the color will be ready for use.
AN IMPROVED PROCESS OF SEPARATING THE TIN FROM SCRAPS OR CUTTINGS OF TINNED OR TERNE PLATES OR FROM OLD TINNED ARTICLES
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alexander Browne at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 12th May
1874.
I, ALEXANDER BROWNE, of 2, Cambrian Villas, Richmond Hill, in the
County of Surrey, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "AN IMPROVED PROCESS OF SEPARATING THE TIN FROM SCRAPS OR CUTTINGS OF
TINNED OR TERNE PLATES OR FROM OLD TINNED ARTICLES," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is the separation of the tin from the iron
of waste tin scraps or objects, so as to recover the two metals distinct..
The following is an example of my said Invention:-The scraps to be
operated upon are first placed in a firc-clay or other suitable retort,
which has previously been heated to redness, and into the said retort I
place a small quantity of sal ammoniac, the fumes from which act upon
the scraps as soon as they become red hot and a scale is formed on them;
after this scale has thoroughly formed itself (which will be in the course
of about ten minutes) the scraps are taken out of the aforesaid retort and

page_text: the scales disengaged therefrom, either by plunging them immediately
in water or by other suitable means. After having operated as above
the scraps will be ready for the market as scrap iron, and the scales
aforesaid (or oxide of tin and iron) are then suitably smelted so as to
recover the tin in a metallic state.
AN IMPROVED MEAL MACHINE FOR TREATING AND PREPARING RICE
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Robert Marsh at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
3rd November 1874.
I, WILLIAM ROBERT MARSH, of Bromley Hall, Bromley, in the County
of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"AN IMPROVED MEAL MACHINE FOR TREATING AND PREPARING RICE," to be as
follows (that is to say)
This Invention has reference to the construction and employment of a
vertical meal machine for rice dressing, by which centrifugal action is
exerted on the rice under operation so as to throw or whirl the same
continuously against the wire perforated metal case of the cylinder, and
thereby give increased area of surface for acting on the rice brought in
contact therewith to be cleaned from the meal in a more perfect manner
at the first dressing than by the old diagonal machine at present in use,
and consists of a fixed open wire cylinder vertically arranged, in which a
shaft is caused to work vertically therein upon bearings in connection
with a series of leathered beaters secured upon radial arms direct from
the shaft, so as to move concentrically with them in conjunction with a

page_text: concial disk or plate, also secured immediately above the beaters
arranged within the cylinder upon which the rice is fed through from
the top thereof, to be scattered and driven round by the beaters against
the wire sides of the cylinder for effectually depriving the rice of all the
meal and finally discharging it fit for use.
IMPROVEMENTS IN TREATING FRUIT OR VEGETABLE JUICES IN ORDER TO PRESERVE THE SAME FROM FERMENTATION AND DECAY
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Mitchell Fairlie at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
17th June 1874.
I, JAMES MITCHELL FAIRLIE, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark,
North Britain, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN TREATING FRUIT OR VEGETABLE JUICES IN ORDER TO PRESERVE
THE SAME FROM FERMENTATION AND DECAY," to be as follows, that is to
say:-
This Invention, which has for its object to preserve fruit and vegetable
juices from fermentation and decay, consists in injecting sulphurous
acid gas into the juice to be preserved, or in adding a weak solution of
sulphurous acid during clarification of the juices, or after they are
clarified and filtered.
The proportion in which the sulphurous acid gas or solution of
sulphurous acid is used varies with the chemical composition of the
juices treated, but as an example it may be mentioned that it is found in
the case of grape juice from 0.100 to 5 per cent. of sulphurous acid
effects the object of this Invention.
IMPROVEMENTS IN RAILWAY CROSSINGS
Year: 1874

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Hamilton Lee Smith, of No. 6, Westminster
Chambers, Victoria Street, in the County of Middlesex, for the
Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN RAILWAY CROSSINGS."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Hamilton Lee Smith
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 1st December 1874.
I, HAMILTON LEE SMITH, of No. 6,. Westminster Chambers, Victoria
5 Street, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN RAILWAY CROSSINGS," to be as
follows:-
My Invention relates to the construction of a railway crossing
applicable chiefly in cases where it is desired to maintain the
continuity of those lines which have the most constant traffic when
they are crossed by a line that is comparatively seldom used.

page_text: In crossings as usually constructed gaps are formed in both of the
crossing rails for the passage of the wheel flanges. The object of my
Invention is to avoid such gaps in those rails that are most constantly
used, as for example in the main rails where there is a cross over road.
For this purpose I lay the rails of the cross over road so as to slope
gently upwards both ways towards the points where they cross the
main rails to such a height above the level of these rails, that while the
tread of a wheel runs on the crossing rail the flange of that wheel shall
pass over or run upon the head of the main rail. On the inner side of
the main rail I leave between it and the elevated crossing rail sufficient
space for the passage of the flanges of wheels running on the main rails,
which are continuous without gaps. The tread of a wheel running on
the cross over road leaves the crossing rail on the one side of the main
rail, the flange of the wheel being then borne on the main rail, and
passing over the main rail is received upon its other side, on the other
elevated portion of the crossing rail, by the side of which I fix a flange
bearing rail sloping gently downwards, so that the wheel gradually
changes its bearing from the flange to the tread without shock. In
cases where the cross over road may be used more frequently than the
main roads, so becoming itself practically the main road, I retain the
cross over on its proper level and without flange gaps, and I arrange the
rails of the main roads that cross it as I have described above.
IMPROVEMENTS IN WATER METERS
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Robert Lake at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
10th April 1874.-A communication from abroad by John S.
Swan and John H. Connell, of Kanawha, West Virginia, United
States of America.
I, WILLIAM ROBERT LAKE, of the Firm of Haseltine, Lake, & Co.,
Patent Agents, Southampton Buildings, London, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN WATER METERS," a
communication, to be as follows:-
The purpose of this Invention is to measure water accurately as it
passes through a pipe or faucet. This purpose is accomplished by con-
structing the meter as follows:-A circular casing with circular side
pieces screwed on the same has an inlet at the top and an outlet at the
bottom. In the said casing there is placed a cylinder with four com-
partments, which cylinder is revolved by swinging buckets attached to
the said cylinder with hinges so as to cover each compartment. These
buckets when the meter is in operation are forced open from the cylinder
by the water entering each compartment of the cylinder through its

page_text: apertures as it passes the inlet, and the said buckets are closed after
passing the outlet by a curved abutment in the rear of the cylinder.
The buckets which are forced open from the cylinder by the water
and carried around cause the cylinder to revolve on its journal. To
this journal the indicator of the meter (which consists of common t
clockwork) is attached by means of a cog wheel and thereby operated,
each revolution showing the amount of water that passes through the
IMPROVEMENTS IN BRAKES FOR RAILWAY CARRIAGES
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas William Miller at the
.Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
19th June 1874.
I, THOMAS WILLIAM MILLER, of Kidbrook Grove, Blackheath, in the
County of Kent, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN BRAKES FOR RAILWAY CARRIAGES," to be as
follows:
This Invention consists in the employment of the ordinary buffers of
railway carriages or other similar appliances acting as buffers as a
means for actuating the brake blocks.
According to one mode of carrying out this Invention the buffer rods
or spindles are made sufficiently long to extend some distance through
their spring boxes or other guides, and are connected at their inner ends
by suitable joints directly to the brake blocks. The brake blocks are
hinged either above or below their acting faces to suitable brackets
connected to the carriage frame at such a distance from the wheels as
to admit of sufficient compression of the buffers for the purpose of
coupling the carriages, and to allow for the inflecting motion of the

page_text: carriages when the train is running without acting on the brakes,
but sufficiently near to the wheels to admit of the brake blocks
being forced against them so soon as any undue compression of tho
buffers takes place, and thereby retard the motion of the train. Or the
buffer rods may be made in two parts coupled together by means of a
spring box containing a helical spring of such a strength as to admit of
a certain amount of compression without acting on the brake blocks, but
which will admit of the brakes being brought into action so soon. as any
undue compression of the buffers takes place.
.
According to another mode of carrying out this Invention the inner
ends of the buffer rods are connected to one end of horizontal levers
which work on centres carried by brackets attached to the carriage
frame, the opposite ends of the levers being hinged to the brake blocks.
which are situate on the opposite side of the carriage to that of the
buffer rods, to which the said levers are connected, thereby greatly
increasing the power of the brakes by reason of the increased leverage
obtained.
It is obvious that in licu of utilising the ordinary buffers for actuating
the brakes special appliances may be employed; so constructed as to
work in a similar manner to the ordinary buffers above described, but so
arranged as not to come into action until the ordinary buffers are unduly
compressed.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ATTACHING OR CONNECTING HANDLES TO COFFINS, DRAWERS; AND OTHER ARTICLES
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Garrad at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 16th
May 1874.
I, WILLIAM GARRAD, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick,
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN ATTACHING OR CONNECTING HANDLES TO COFFINS, DRAWERS;
AND OTHER ARTICLES," to be as follows :—
My Invention consists in attaching or connecting handles to coffins,
drawers, and other articles by the construction and combination of parts
herein-after described, whereby the attachment of the handle is facilitated
and made very secure.
I will describe my Invention as applied to a coffin handle. I make
on that side of the loop or knob to which the handle is connected a peg
or pivot, and I make on the said loop two or more snugs or small plates
through holes, in which snugs or plates, screws or nails, are passed from
the front of the coffin to fix the loop to the coffin. The ends of the
handle have holes in them of a size proper to take on to the pegs or
pivots on the loops. When the ends of the handle have been fitted on

page_text: to the pegs or pivots of the loops, and the said loops have been fixed to
the coffin, the handle is securely connected to the coffin, the pegs or
pivots of the loops constituting centres, on which the handle turns.
Instead of using two loops a single loop fixed between the ends of
the handle may be used. In this case the loop has two pegs or pivots,
on to which pegs or pivots holes in the inner sides of the ends of the
handle take; or instead of loops or knobs plates preferably of an
ornamental character provided with pegs or pivots similar to the loops
may be used.
In applying this part of my Invention to handles for drawers and 1
other articles I construct and combine the parts substantially as described
with respect to coffin handles.
My Invention consists further in connecting loops of coffin or other
handles to the inside of the coffin or article in the following manner :—I
make the stem of the loop of a taper figure, and provide its end with a 1
tooth or fang at right angles to the stem. The stem having been driven
through the hole in the coffin or article its inner projecting end is bent
against the inside of the coffin, and the tooth or fang on the said bent
end is driven into the coffin or article. The loop is thereby connected
very securely in its place; or the end of the stem may be slit or divided,
the slit or divided parts being provided with teeth or fangs. After the
stem has been driven through the hole in the coffin its divided parts arc
opened out against the inside of the coffin, and the teeth or fangs driven
into the coffin.
The loops having stems with teeth or fangs may be made of malleable
east iron or of wrought iron. These last described improvements are
applicable to ordinary loops, and to loops constructed as herein-first
described.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ELECTRIC TELL-TALES FOR PRESSURE GAUGES
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Denton Abel at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
13th January 1874.-A communication from abroad by Frederic
Adolphe Emile Redslob, of Robertsau, in Alsace Lorraine.
I, CHARLES DENTON ABEL, of 20, Southampton Buildings, Chancery
Lane, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN ELECTRIC TELL-TALES FOR PRESSURE
GAUGES," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to an electric tell-tale, whereby when the index
of a pressure gauge attains a predetermined point, a bell, which may be
at a considerable distance from the gauge, is caused to sound and
thereby to give notice that the pressure has risen to the point at which
the instrument has been set. Such a tell-tale is applicable to hydraulic
presses, boilers, and other vessels subjected to pressure, and may also be
employed to indicate the rise of water to a certain point in cisterns,
rivers, or tideways, or in the holds of vessels, and it can be applied in
connection with pressure gauges of many known kinds having moving
parts which are acted on by variations of pressure. To such gauges is
applied for the purpose of the tell-tale a contact making instrument,

page_text: which is connected by electric conductors with a battery and with an
electric bell apparatus, in such manner that when the index of the
gauge reaches a certain point, contact is made, whereby an electric
current is transmitted through the bell apparatus, causing the bell to
sound.
The contact making instrument consists of two insulated springs con-
nected respectively to the electric circuit, which is interrupted when
these springs are apart, but which is completed when the springs are
brought into contact by the movement of the index or other moving
part of the pressure gauge, causing the one spring to bear against the
other. The springs are mounted on an adjustable framing so that they
can be set in such a position as to remain apart until the index of the
pressure gauge arrives at any desired division of its dial, whereupon they
are pressed into contact, and the electric circuit being thus completed
the bell is brought into action.
The electric bell apparatus may be of any known construction; it is
preferred however to construct it in the following manner :-An electro-
magnet is formed of a number of iron wires enclosed in an electric coil
with their ends bent back on each side of the coil so as to form a
magnet of three branches. This magnet is provided with an armature
composed of a number of pieces of thin sheet iron secured one above
the other on a vibrating plate, to which is attached the bell hammer,
and on which is fixed a contact piece which may be shifted from time to
time to present a fresh surface to the contact spring, with which in its
vibration it alternately makes and breaks contact. The contact surfaces
of the springs at the gauge and also those of the bell apparatus are
platinised in the ordinary way to avoid corrosion.
IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR OBTAINING LIGHT AND HEAT
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John O'Connell Cave at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
10th December 1874.
I, JOHN O'CONNELL CAVE, of Weston-super-Mare, in the County of
Somerset, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR OBTAINING LIGHT AND HEAT," to be as follows:-
:―
This Invention relates to the construction of apparatus whereby light
and heat can be obtained continuously, and in a manner applicable to
various useful purposes.
Flints or other minerals capable of emitting sparks or particles in a
state of ignition when brought into sudden and violent contact with steel
or iron are cut or moulded into a suitable form and size, and arranged
and fixed in a circular form on a suitable frame or support. A wheel is
placed in juxtaposition to the flints or minerals thus arranged, and on
the periphery of such wheel are placed steel or iron hammers attached
to suitable springs which give the same a certain degree of play or
elasticity in action; the wheel is actuated by any suitable motive-power

page_text: so as to revolve sufficiently near to the flints or minerals for the latter
to be struck by the hammers, thereby causing them to emit a continuous
circular shower or series of sparks or particles in a state of ignition.
Instead of the before described arrangement a steel or iron friction
wheel without hammers may be used to produce similar results, by the
same being caused to revolve on or against a smooth or comparatively
smooth surface of flints or minerals, or flints or minerals alone may be
arranged and actuated so as to strike or rub against each other, and to
produce sparks or light without the employment of steel or iron. Any
suitable motive-power employed in any manner, and in conjunction with
any mechanical appliances adapted to attain the objects of this Invention,
may be used. Tubes, lenses, reflectors, and other contrivances may be
employed for the purposes of conveying, increasing, or intensifying
or reflecting the light obtained by means of the apparatus before
described.
When it is desired to employ this Invention for heating purposes, the
sparks produced by the means aforesaid are caused to impinge upon the
substance or substances to be heated, or upon the vessel containing the
same.
Iμ- PROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR GUARDING AGAINST THE ABSENCE OF WHEAT AND OTHER GRAIN FROM MILLSTONES WHEN AT WORK
Year: 1874

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Frederick Render, of Manchester, in the County
of Lancaster, Miller and Corn Merchant, for the Invention of “Iμ-
PROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR GUARDING AGAINST THE ABSENCE OF WHEAT
AND OTHER GRAIN FROM MILLSTONES WHEN AT WORK."
Sealed the 4th May 1875, and dated the 6th November 1874.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Frederic Render at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
6th November 1874.
I, FREDERICK RENDER, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster,
Miller and Corn Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR GUARDING AGAINST THE
ABSENCE OF WHEAT AND OTHER GRAIN FROM MILLSTONES WHEN AT WORK,” to
be as follows :—
It is well known that if the supply of grain to millstones is allowed
tp become exhausted the stones become injured and there is a risk from

page_text: fire, and my Invention consists in a method of guarding against those
results. To effect this I use the weight of the grain to keep self-acting
mechanism in a certain position, but when that weight becomes
exhausted, or partially so, it assumes another position and the motion
thus produced I use to give a signal.
The arrangement I propose is to adapt a disc capable of turning upon
a centre within the pipe which conducts the grain, and the weight
thereof keeps the said disc downward, but when the said grain is
becoming exhausted a spring turns the said disc upward and brings two
parts together, which complete an electric circuit, and by these means a
bell may be rung in any desired situation. After the same manner the
motion of the disc may act mechanically to give a similar signal or to
disengage the driving parts which give motion to the stones.
IMPROVED MEANS OF AND APPARATUS FOR LIGHTING GAS LAMPS OR BURNERS
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edmund Chiverton at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 17th
July 1874.
I, EDMUND СHIVERTON, of Middle Street, Southsca, in the County of
Hants, Gas Inspector, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVED MEANS OF AND APPARATUS FOR LIGHTING GAS LAMPS OR
BURNERS," to be as follows:-
The Invention embraces a chamber with diaphragm therein and
weights tending or acting to depress it, but of such amount that when a
maximum pressure of gas is " on" or a certain intended pressure is
exceeded, the diaphragm and weights will be lifted and the motion
thereof will mechanically open onc gas pipe or passage and close
another, both of which are fed from the under side of the diaphragm
chamber. One of these pipes or passages leads to the burner proper,
herein-after called main burner, and the other to a smaller or auxiliary
burner, one or the other (but not both together) being intended to be
constantly burning. The passage to the main burner is the one to be
opened by the high or maximum pressure referred to, and that to the
auxiliary burner to be closed by the lifting of the diaphragm.

page_text: The apparatus is further constructed with a tumbling shaft, rods,
levers, or appliances (or mechanical substitutes or equivalents for
tumbling shaft, rod, levers, or appliances) in connection with the
weights, and so constructed or arranged as to counterbalance or take off
their effect or a portion thereof and retain the passage ways to the
burners in the open and closed positions as above stated respectively,
notwithstanding that some reduction of the maximum or high pressure
takes place, and indeed until it is reduced to or below an intended degree
of lower pressure, when the weights or one of them will cause the
diaphragm to fall and the passage to the main burner will be closed,
and that to the auxiliary burner be opened.
It is to be understood that the above statement is not to exclude the
use of springs instead of weights, nor the expressions "depress,"
"under side," "fall," and such like expressions to exclude the arrange-
ment of the apparatus in any other than a vertical position.
The apparatus is specially intended for lighting or extinguishing the
main burners of a number of street or other lamps by a simple alteration
of pressure in the main, the apparatus being applied to cach lamp or
main burner.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN KILNS OR DRYING CHAMBERS FOR DRYING PEAT, MALT, GRAIN, BREWERS' OR DISTILLERS' GRAINS, HOPS, OR OTHER SIMILAR SUBSTANCES
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robinson Gale Perry at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
5th January 1874.
I, ROBINSON GALE PERRY, of Dublin, in the County of Dublin,
Ireland, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN KILNS OR DRYING CHAMBERS FOR DRYING PEAT, MALT, GRAIN, BREWERS'
OR DISTILLERS' GRAINS, HOPS, OR OTHER SIMILAR SUBSTANCES," to be as
follows:-
This Invention relates to a novel construction of kiln or drying
chamber for drying by a continuous process, whereby the operation is
considerably facilitated at a minimum expenditure of fuel.
The kiln or chamber is built by preference of rectangular form, and is
divided into compartments by divisional walls, so arranged that a con-
tinuous communication is formed between the respective compartments,
by stopping one end alternately of each divisional wall short of the side
walls of the kiln.
A furnace is arranged at one end of the kiln, the flue of which
communicates with the nearest compartment and thereby with all the
rest, thus the heat and products of combustion are conveyed through the

page_text: several compartments or chambers to the chimney shaft, which is at the
opposite end; there is a continuous rail or tramway laid throughout the
whole of the chambers for the transit of goods to be dryed..
The system of working is this:-The materials to be dryed are loaded
in trucks on shelves or trays, the trucks enter the kiln at the end nearest
the chimney shaft, and are gradually moved forward, as the process of
drying progresses, throughout the entire number of compartments, whilst
the heat generated by the furnace traverses the whole series of chambers
to the chimney shaft in the opposite direction to that in which the loaded
trucks are moved; the heat is thus caused to circulate amongst the
materials to be dryed by the draught created by the chimney throughout
the several chambers. Sliding doors or dampers are provided between
the several chambers for to regulate the heat to each as may be
necessary.
By another arrangement I carry the flue from the furnace, underneath
the floors of the chambers to the chimney; the floors are perforated and
the heat ascends into the chambers through the perforations; dampers
are arranged for distribution of the heat as may be expedient.
Sometimes instead of dividing the kiln into several chambers I prefer
to make it one long compartment with furnace and chimney shaft, the
heat being caused to circulate through the compartment by either of the
modes herein-before described.
In some cases where it may be necessary to use steam power for
manufacture, I place the boiler over the furnace in the usual way, and
utilize the waste heat from the furnace for the drying chambers.
IMPROVEMENTS IN UTILISING THE WASTE HEAT OF STEAM ENGINES AND APPA- RATUS THEREFOB
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Walker at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 23rd
January 1874.
I, THOMAS WALKER, of No. 65, Robert Street, Chelsea, in the County
of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
" IMPROVEMENTS IN UTILISING THE WASTE HEAT OF STEAM ENGINES AND APPA-
RATUS THEREFOB," to be as follows:-
•
My Invention relates to means of utilising the heat of the waste steam
discharged from steam engines, so as to obtain therefrom an additional
amount of motive power. For this purpose I conduct the waste steam
through a surface condenser of any known construction, the surfaces of
which are kept cool by a liquid volatilisable at a temperature below the
boiling point of water, such as alcohol, ether, ammoniacal liquor, and
other known liquids. The steam in undergoing condensation converts a
portion of such cooling liquid into vapour, which vapour I employ to
work another engine or another piston of the engine worked by the
steam. This vapour after doing its work is in its turn conducted to a
surface condenser where it is condensed, and the resulting liquid is
pumped back to the condenser first-named to be again vaporised, and

page_text: employed as above described for the purpose of producing motive power
in addition to that obtained from the steam alone.
In applying this system of operating I prefer to construct an engine.
with two cylinders, the pistons of which are connected to cranks on one
The one
shaft which cranks may be at right angles to each other.
cylinder is supplied with steam direct from the boiler and exhausts into
the first surface condenser, which acts as a generator of vapour from the
cooling liquid. This vapour supplies the second cylinder which exhausts
into the second surface condenser, which may either be kept cool by
water in the usual way, or which may consist of an extended surface of
pipes cooled by a current of air.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BRAKES FOR RAILWAY CARRIAGES & WAGGONS, AND FOR CARRIAGES, WAGGONS, AND OTHER VEHICLES EMPLOYED ON TRAMWAYS AND COMMON ROADS
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Andrew Brown at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 30th May
1874.
.
I, ANDREW BROWN, of Edinburgh, in the County of Mid Lothian,
North Britain, Cartwright, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN BRAKES FOR RAILWAY CARRIAGES & WAGGONS,
AND FOR CARRIAGES, WAGGONS, AND OTHER VEHICLES EMPLOYED ON TRAMWAYS
AND COMMON ROADS," to be as follows, that is to say:-
-
This Invention which relates to improvements in the arrangement and
construction of brakes applicable to railway carriages and waggons as
well as to carriages, waggons, and other vehicles employed on tramways
and common roads, consists in the case of such vehicles in which the
axle revolves with the wheels, in fixing on the axle a pulley or drum
around the periphery of which a friction band or chain is placed.
The pulley or drum is preferably made in two or more pieces which
are securely bolted together on the axle, and the periphery thereof is
formed with a flanch on each side to keep the friction band or chain in
position. One end of the band or chain is attached to a pin or stud

page_text: which
may be one of the pins or studs to which the ends of the springs
of the vehicles are fixed, or it may be a separate pin or stud projecting
from the wheel bearings or from the carriage frame. On the pin or stud
a bell-crank lever is also placed to the inner and shorter end of which
the opposite end of the friction chain or band is attached. The longer
end of the lever is provided with a handle by which when it is desired to
apply the brake the upper end of the lever is depressed, thereby raising
its lower end and tightening the friction band or chain around the
periphery of the pulley or drum, whereby the motion of the revolving
axle on which together with the carrying wheels the pulley or drum is
fixed is stopped or retarded thereby, also correspondingly stopping or
retarding the motion of the vehicle.
A rack is or may be provided by which to retain the bell-crank lever
in any position.
In lieu of employing a bell-crank lever as herein-before described, the
friction band or chain may be tightened around the pulley or drum by
means of a screw or by a chain or rope.
In the case of vehicles wherein the wheels revolve round a fixed axle,
the pulley or drum is attached to the inner side of the hub of one wheel
in lieu of being fixed on the axle, and in the case of vehicles which run
with either end foremost, as for example, tramway cars, two sets of the
apparatus herein-before described are provided and arranged at opposite
sides of different axles, or on wheels at different sides of the vehicle,
accordingly as the axles revolve or are stationary.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN UMBRELLAS AND PARASOLS
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Gruby at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 24th
January 1874.
I, JAMES GRUBY, of Brunswick Place, Brighton, in the County of
Sussex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN UMBRELLAS AND PARASOLS," to be as follows: :-
The object and intention of this Invention is to allow persons when
holding an umbrella before the face to protect themselves against strong
wind and rain to see their way clear before them.
The means by which I accomplish the above object is as follows:-I
cut out one or more circular oval or other shaped apertures in one or
more of the gores of an ordinary umbrella. I then affix by any suitable
means over the said apertures pieces of glass, talc, or other suitable
material.
It is obvious that when an umbrella furnished with, the aforesaid
transparent apertures is held before the face the party holding it in such
a position will be able to see his way clear, and thus collisions and often
serious accidents will be avoided

page_text: An umbrella with the above improvements is particularly adapted for
the sea side or other exposed places, where persons are often compelled
to hold their umbrella before their faces to protect themselves from the
wind and rain.