provements in Rigging, Rigging Screws, and Shock Arresters as Applied to these.
Year: 1888

page_text: Date of Application, 10th Aug., 1888
Complete Specification Left, 10th May, 1889-Accepted, 13th July, 1889
PROVISIONAL SITUITIVATION
Improvements in Rigging, Rigging Screws, and Shock Arresters as
Applied to these.
I, DAVID RAND SMITH of 108 Argyle Street, Glasgow Lanarkshire, do hereby
declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
My Invention has reference to and consists of improvements in the construction of
rigging screws for the tightening or setting up of the shrouds and stays of
vessels, also of other stays such as used on land, and in appliances connected
therewith, and has for its object by one of its appliances the protection from the
weather of the working screws by a covering, while yet enabling the shrouds and
stays of vessels to be set up at any period, while on a voyage, or in any kind
of weather, and at a moments notice; and by another appliance the prevention of
that over rigidity or tension of the shrouds or stays, so apt to be caused by the
use of rigging screws as heretofore constructed, and also, by the elasticity provided
by the improvements, the enabling of the strain to be more certainly and equally
divided, and which appliances will greatly lessen the danger of damage to the
vessels shrouds and stays and their fastenings by straining or snapping of such by
the working of the vessels masts in heavy weather when such shrouds or stays
have worked slightly loose.
My Improvements may be put in practice in various forms some of which it will
be sufficient to describe in order to show the nature and novelty of the Invention
which consist all as follows;
As applied to a rigging screw of an ordinary type, consisting of a central part
or spindle with an enlargement or projection on the middle part, either bored or
formed with a hole for turning it by the insertion of a marline spike or any con-
venient instrument, or formed as a nut, for turning the spindle by a key; the parts
of the spindle on each side of the projection being cut as right and left hand screws
and working or screwing into nuts or links connected to the rigging, shroud or
stay, and to the ship's side or other point of attachment by shackle bolts and eyes,
or otherwise. By one of my Improvements 1 make this said central screwed bolt or
spindle of greater length than usual having the right and left hand screws cut upon
the extreme half, or rather less than half of each division, the remainder or inner
halves, on each side of the projection, being formed round, and smooth in surface,
and the said right and left hand screws instead of working or screwing into open
links connected with the rigging and ship's side respectively, I make to work or
screw into strong covering tubes or sheaths connected to the rigging and ship's side
or other point of attachment in the same manner as the before mentioned links.
These tubes or sheaths being internally screwed to fit the right and left screws
of the spindle, throughout or partly so the lower or inner half; the higher or
outer half being left smooth and it may be a little greater in internal diameter or
width than the corresponding smooth part of the spindle. The screwed spindle
being entered into the tubes or sheaths the mouth of each tube is preferably closed
weather tight by a tight fitting washer and internally screwed cap, previously placed
on the spindle and having india rubber or well greased packing material interposed
between, the washer to lie against the end of the tube being made of the same
external diameter, the outside of the tube being screwed for a short distance so that
the cap can be screwed on, compressing the packing material between itself and the
washer so as to form a weather proof covering. By this arrangement the screws are
completely protected from the weather and are yet capable of being adjusted at a
moments notice, and no canvas or other covering is required. These tubes or sheaths
may be made or formed in various ways. The internally screwed portion may be

page_text: In a
made of a strong tube having the required screw cut in it, and be screwed on to a
short screwed bolt made in one piece with the bolt eyes or other arrangement for
attaching it to the rigging or ship's side, and secured from afterwards turning by a
rivet passed through both, a lighter and internally smooth tube of greater length,
say at least double the length of the screwed tube, may be placed and secured on and
over it, conveniently by shrinking, or the outside tube may be shrunk on to the
screwed tube before it is secured to the bolt and a rivet passed through all three.
The end of the tube would then be fitted with the washer and screw cap before men-
tioned. Or the tube may be formed in one piece, of a strong tube, one half of
which is bored out to fit the smooth part of the screwed spindle, the remainder being
cut with an internal or female screw to fit the screwed portion of said spindle, which
would glide within the tube, which would thus form a cover to the screw.
similar manner in that form of rigging screw which consists of a central link or tube
with internal right and left hand screws working or screwing on to screwed bolts or
spindles secured at their one end to the rigging and ships side respectively, the central
open link would be replaced by a tube or sheath having the middle part solid, and
formed as a nut or pierced with holes for turning it, the inner halves of the sheaths
on each side of this solid part being screwed internally (as right and left hand screws
to screw on to the bolts, attached to the rigging and ship's side) and which are made
longer than usual. and partly smooth, the whole being arranged in an analogous
manner to that described, with covering sheaths, washers and screw caps. It will be
plain that where single screws are used, a similar tube or sheath can in a like manner
be made to enclose them weather tight and yet allow them to be screwed up to their
full extent at a moments notice.
By an alternative method the outer covering tube instead of being shrunk and
secured on to the outside of the internally screwed tube would be secured on to the
screwed bolt or spindle upon a part adjacent to the commencement of the screw and
which part would be increased in diameter to equal the external diameter of the
screwed tube, so that when the screwed bolt was entered and screwed into the screwed
tube, the outside covering tube would slip as tight as would permit of motion on to
the outside of the screwed tube and being previously well greased would form a
weather tight covering and not increase the length of the whole apparatus so much as
the previously described method. These covering tubes could also be fitted with
screwed rings and packing material, and could be adapted to all forms of rigging
screws single or double.
Another improvement of my Invention consists in the fitting to rigging screws of
an improved spring shock arrester. In the case of an ordinary rigging screw formed
of a right and left hand screwed central spindle screwing into links, this is effected
by forming one of the links preferably the lower one, attached to the ship's side or
other point of attachment, considerably longer than necessary to receive its half of the
screwed bolt, when screwed up to its fullest extent, and forming it wide enough to
receive within it a short but powerful spiral spring; this lower link would not in this
case be connected direct to the point of attachment, but a bolt, passing through a
hole in the centre of the bottom of the link and up through the spring contained in
the link, would be attached to the ship's side or other point by the usual shackle bolts
or equivalent fastening; the top of this bolt above the spring would be fitted with a
strong head or shoulder piece fixed and secured by a key or pin, or otherwise, to bear
against the spring. The action of the whole being, that when the double screwed
spindle is turned to tighten the stay, the spiral spring is compressed and therefore
tends to give an easy elastic action to the working of the stay, when slightly loose,
instead of sudden shocks or a snapping action being brought to bear on the stay and
its fastenings.
In the case of a rigging screw formed with right and left hand screwed central link
or tube screwing on to screwed bolts or spindles attached to the stay and ship's side
or other point respectively, the arrangement of spring shock arrester would be modified
from that last described.
The plain portion of one of the screwed bolts, preferably the lower one instead of

page_text: being connected direct to the point of attachment would be extended in length and
be passed down through a hole in the top of a link, which would be connected to the
point of attachment by shackle bolts and eyes or in any other suitable manner, and
through the interior of a spiral or other spring contained in said link, and have a
strong head or shoulder piece attached and secured to its end to bear upon the spring
which in this case would be compressed between the shoulder piece and the upper
part of the enclosing link. In this case the unscrewed portion of the bolt passing
through the top of the link would be of a square, or other shape except round, and
the hole in the top of the link be formed to fit it to prevent the bolt turning when
the central link or tube was being turned to tighten the rigging or stay. When
single screws are used instead of double, the same forms of spring shock arresters
could be used; as when the shock arrester was formed by a spring enclosed within a
link and secured to the point of attachment by a bolt passing up through both all as
described already, the screwed bolt working or screwing into a link or tube attached
to the rigging, would have its lower end passed down through a hole in the top of the
link containing the spring and have a strong head formed on or secured to it, to
bear against the top of the link. This head would be formed or bored with holes in
it for turning it by the insertion of a suitable instrument. When the spring shock
arrester was formed by a link attached to the ships side, or other point, containing
the spring bearing against the upper part of the link as in the second variety
described, the screwed would be elongated so as to pass down through the top of the
link and the interior of the contained spring and have a head formed on or fixed to its
extreme end to bear against the bottom of the spring. This head would be furnished
with holes for turning it, by any suitable instrument, and have a washer interposed
between it and the spring.
The springs used would be very powerful and be preferably of steel and of the
belical spiral form and square in section, though other forms might be used such as
parabolic conical forms, or they might be formed of india rubber rings of round
section, or of balls of indiarubber, alternating with metal plates or washers.
The whole of the apparatus may be constructed of wrought iron or steel or partly
of malleable cast iron or steel, or of gun metal, or other suitable metal. By another
Improvement, the spiral or other springs instead of being held within open links,
may be enclosed within weather tight, preferably cylindrical shaped, cases.
For a rigging screw consisting of a central link with right and left hand screws,
screwing on to bolts, such as has already been described, the cylindrical case would
be closed at the top and be attached to the ship's side by bolts and eyes or other
suitable means, the lower portion of the lower screwed bolt would be formed pre-
ferably square and be passed down through a square hole in the top of the case and
through the middle of the contained spiral spring and be there secured by a strong
head all as described in reference to the link form.
The bottom of the case would be tightly closed by a strong plug screwed into it,
and the length of the spring would be so arranged that the screwing in of this plug
would slightly compress the spring. The hole at the top of the cylinder would be
enlarged partially, around the square spindle, made round and screwed to receive a
screwed ring and washer fitting the spindle, which being screwed on after packing
the cavity would make it perfectly weathertight. The advantages of this arrangement
would be when my improved covering tube or sheath was used, no other covering
being required the rigging screws could be tightened up at a moments notice, while
all the working parts would be protected from the effects of the weather, also the easy
elastic action given to the shrouds and stays when slightly slackened by the ship's
working; and that the spring by striking on the bottom of the cylinder would give
notice by the sound when the stay or shroud was slack. To suit a rigging screw
composed of a central right and left hand screwed spindle screwing into tubes or
links;
the cylindrical case containing the spring would be closed at the top, where it
might have a strong eye formed on it to attach it to the lower tube or link by shackle
bolts or otherwise; the bottom would be closed by a plug screwed into it which might
have a hole in the centre allowing a bolt to pass up through it and the middle or

page_text: interior of the contained spring, which bolt would have a strong head secured to the
end above the spring, and be attached to the ship's side at the lower end, the hole
through the plug to be made weather tight by a screwed ring, washer and packing, as
before described, or other form of stuffing box. To suit a rigging screw, formed with
a single screw screwing into a tube or link attached to the rigging, the lower end of
the screwed bolt would be passed through the top of the cylindrical case and have a
strong head formed on it to bear against the top of the case, inside, with a washer
interposed, the hole in the top of the case, which might in other respects be formed
in in the manner last described, being closed by any stuffing box arrangement. A nut
or projection with holes in it would then be securely fixed on the spindle imme-
diately above the case in order to turn it by a key or marline spike or other suitable
instrument. Thus all the working parts would be covered from the weather.
These rigging screws though principally designed for use on board ship would be
equally suitable for tightening up other forms of stays on land, and the several
improvements described and which are susceptible of many modifications could be
used separately or in combination as each case might require. With these improved
rigging screws rod iron or steel might be used for the shrouds of vessels lower masts
or other standing rigging, and the use of such in combination with my improved
rigging screws forms part of my Invention.
8th Anant 1000
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Rigging, Rigging Screws, and Shock Arresters as
Applied to these.'
I, DAVID RAND SMITH, of 108 Argyle Street, Glasgow, in the county of Lanark
Manufacturers Agent do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in
and by the following statement :-
And in order that the improvements of this Invention may be properly understood
I have hereunto appended an explanatory sheet of Drawings in which the same
reference letters are used to denote the same or analogous parts in the various
Figures.
My Invention has reference to and consists of improvements in the construction of
rigging, and of rigging screws for the tightening or setting up of the shrouds and stays of
vessels, also of other stays such as are used on land, and in appliances connected therewith,
and has for its object by one of its appliances the protection from the weather of the
working screws by a covering, while yet enabling the shrouds or stays to be set up
at any period while on a voyage, or in any kind of weather and at a moments
notice; and by another appliance, the prevention of over rigidity or tension of the
shrouds or stays, and also by the elasticity provided by the improvements the lessening
the danger of damage to the shrouds or stays and their fastenings by straining or
snapping from the working of the vessels masts in heavy weather, and which will also
compensate for the expansion and contraction of metallic rigging due to differences
or changes of temperature.
Before proceeding to describe the illustrative drawings it will save unnecessary
repetition to state that as regards that part of the Invention relating to the covering
of the screws, that though the several methods of effecting this may be illustrated by
only one example, they are all and each of them capable of being adapted to any of
the usual forms of rigging screws in use, either single, or double right and left handed
screws, by very slight modifications, and as regards the spring shock arrester, that
such can be applied to any form of rigging screw either by a joint as shown at I
Figures 8 and 10, in which case the rigging screw may be used without if preferred
or it may be rigidly fixed and form a component part of the rigging screw as shown
in the lower part of Figure 7, and at J³ in Figure 9.

page_text: Referring to the sheet of Drawings, Figures 1, 2, 3, and 4 do not illustrate any of
the improvements of this Invention but are shown only to illustrate some of the
types or varieties of rigging screws in common use to which the improvements are
applicable. Figures 1 and 2 being double screws with right and left handed screwed
bolts or spindles A, A¹, Figures 3 and 4 being varieties of single screws, and the
four Figures will hereinafter be referred to as types Figures 1, 2, 3 and 4 in order to
avoid prolixity of description, and for the same reason it is to be understood that the
mode of attaching these rigging screws to the stays and ship's side or other point
of attachment forms no part of this Invention but may be of any usual variety.
Figure 5, shown partly in section, illustrates one application of the improvements
to a rigging screw of the type Figure 1, in which the right and left handed screwed
spindle A, A' formed with a ring or eye B, for turning by a marline spike or other
instrument, is made to work or screw into covering tubes C, C connected to the
rigging as at D and to the ship's side E by suitable means. These covering tubes C, C¹
may be screwed throughout their length as shown, or only partially as shown at C₁
Figure 7. F, F are lighter and longer encasing tubes shrunk or otherwise secured
on the outside of the covering tubes C, C, and which being closed at their open ends
by washers G, packing H, and screwed cap or nut. I, form a completely weathertight
covering to the screws. J is a pin, or it might be a screw as J Figure 6 to prevent
the tube unscrewing from the joint K when the rigging screw is being operated, but
the joint and tube may be welded together as at J2 Figures 7 and 8.
Figure 6, shown partly in section illustrates another method of covering the screws
of a rigging screw also of the type Figure 1, in which the screwed spindle or
bolt A, A is made to screw into covering tubes C; C¹ screwed throughout or partially
so their inner halves (2, 02; their outer halves C3, C³ being made to fit the smooth
or unscrewed portions A2, A2 of the bolt A, A¹ and closed in weather tight by
packing H and a screwed cap or nut I, with or without a washer.
Figure 7 above the dotted line 1, 1, illustrates in section the application of the
last mentioned method of forming a covering tube, to a single screw of the type
Figure 4, and which is analogous to that just described in reference to Figure 6. A
nut C being welded within the tube C and the screw cut by a suitable elongated tap,
the other parts being similar to those illustrated in Figure 6. This Figure 7 shows
the rigging screw formed with a shock arrester as a component part, but it might
also be formed with a head N and joint L as shown in Figure 4.
Figure 8 above the dotted line 1, 1, illustrates in section one application of the
improvements to a single screw also of the type Figure 4, in which the screwed
bolt A is made to screw into a covering tube Chaving a nut C welded at one end,
the other end being screwed or welded to the joint L at J2. The screwed bolt A
is formed with a solid boss M of a diameter sufficient to carry secured to it a lighter
encasing tube F', which will glide on the outside of the covering tube C when the
rigging screw is being operated, and form a weather tight covering to the screw and
if necessary be furnished with packing H, and a cap or nut I to render it completely
weather tight. The boss M is bored with a hole B for turning the screw, the screwed
bolt having a head N welded to the upper part, which head bears against the swivel
joint L'.
Figure 9 above the dotted line 1, 1, shown partly in section, illustrates an
analogous application of the improvement just described to a rigging screw of the
type Figure 1. In this case the right and left handed screwed bolt A, A' is shown
made to screw into covering tubes C, C attached to the rigging at D and to a
joint L at bottom or it may be as shown in the Figure secured to a spring shock
arrester by a screw at J³. The screwed bolt A, A¹ is formed with an enlargement or
boss M at the middle part, this boss, bored with a hole B for turning it by a marline.
spike or other instrument being made to carry shrunk or otherwise secured on it a
light encasing tube fitting and gliding on the outside of the tubes (, C², the ends
being closed by packing H and caps or nuts I, and which tube F forms a weather tight
covering to the screwed bolt A A'.
Figure 10 above the dotted line 1, 1, and shown partly in section illustrates one

page_text: analogous method of applying the improvements to a rigging screw of the type
Figure 2, in which the right and left handed screwed bolts A', A are attached to the
rigging at D and ship's side E respectively by joints L and are made to screw into
a covering tube C, C, having a nut welded within each end to receive and fit the
screwed bolts A¹, A. A hole B for turning being bored through the tube CC¹ which
may be closed weathertight by the introduction therein of a short tube B' expanded
at the ends to a tight fit. Or otherwise the tube C, C might be made in two parts of
equal length and be welded on to a short solid cylinder so as to form a solid piece in
the middle of the tube CC through which a hole could be bored. The screwed
bolts A, A¹ are formed with bosses M to carry secured to them the light encasing
tubes F, F¹ which are closed weather tight by packing H and screwed caps or nuts I,
and glide upon the outside of the covering tubes C, C¹, when the rigging screw is
being operated.
Figure 11, shown in section, illustrates a form of rigging screw suitable for
tightening the stays of telegraph poles, signal posts and such like erections, in which
a partially screwed bolt A A² entered through an opening L' in a link L, and having
a head N, pierced with holes B for turning it, screws into a nut C welded about
the middle of a covering tube C having an eye R at the end for attaching the stay.
The mouth of this tube may be closed by packing material and a screwed nut
similar to those described in other modifications, or it may be closed by a perforated
plug welded to the inside of the mouth of the tube C and fitting closely the
smooth part A of the screwed bolt, or the plug may be otherwise formed of india
rubber, cork, wood, or other suitable material to close the covering tube C in a weather
tight manner. In this illustration the covering tube C is shown formed in an
analogous manner to that described in reference to Figure 5, but it might be
formed otherwise, as for instance, in the manner illustrated by Figures 6 and 7.
Figure 12, shown in section illustrates an application of the improve- to a
double rigging screw also suitable for tightening the stays of telegraph poles and such
like crections, and which is formed with right and left handed screwed bolts A, A²,
and A1, A2 screwing into a tube CC having nuts (welded to each end, and carrying
secured to it an encasing tube F of greater length and closed. weather tight by any
of the methods herein already described. This rigging screw may also be formed in
an analogous manner to that illustrated by Figures 6 and 7, and the hole B for
turning it may be formed as described in reference to Figure 10. These screws may
also without any alteration of form be used for stretching purposes, such as for
tightening signal wires.
Figure 13 shown in section illustrates the application of the improvements to a
form of rigging screw in common use which is operated by a nut bearing on the
plate or casting P. The upper part of the screwed rod A may be covered from the
weather by a tube C, closed at one end, screwed or welded on to a projection or
collar O¹ on the nut O, and the lower part covered by a tube secured to the metal
plate or casting P and closed tight round the rod A² by any of the methods already
described. Otherwise the nut O as shown in Figure 13 A may be formed with a pro-
jecting rim or collar 0¹ on each side and thus carry both covering tubes C and C³,
the hole in the plate P being made large enough to receive the covering tube, by this
means the screw would be more effectually protected from the weather.
In all these improved rigging screws the escape of the confined air when the screw
is being screwed up may be facilitated by a small groove cut longitudinally on the
surface of the covering tubes C, C¹, or the smooth part A² of the bolts according to
the character of the rigging screw, or the closing nuts I may be slackened before
operating the screw, and then tightened well up, but it is not anticipated either method
will be required in practice.
Figure 14 illustrates the application of that improvement called herein a spring
shock arrester to a rigging screw of the type Figure 1. The lower nut or joint is
elongated and formed into a link Q having an opening Q at the bottom end, through
this opening a bolt S is passed which carries a powerful spring T, bearing against a
head piece S¹, the lower end of this bolt S being attached to the ship's side E by any

page_text: ordinary joint; when the screw is tightened up the spring will be compressed and
furnish the elasticity desired.
Figure 15 shows the application of a spring shock arrester to a rigging screw of
the type Figure 2. In this case the spring T is carried on the elongated end A² of
the screw A fitted with the bearing head S₁. The opening Qin the top of the link Q
and the end A2 of the screwed belt A must be of some form other than round, to prevent
the bolt from turning when the double nut or link is being turned to operate the
rigging screw.
Figure 16 shows a spring shock arrester applied to a single rigging screw of the
type Figure 3 in a manner analogous to that described in reference to Figure 14.
The springs used may be of the ordinary spiral form square or round in section, or
they may be formed of balls of indiarubber Y alternating with metal plates Z as
Figure 17, or of indiarubber rings Y alternated with metal or wood discs Z as
Figure 18, or they may he made of steel in the spiral conical form as Figure 19.
Figure 7 below the dotted line 1, 1, illustrates in section one method of providing
a weathertight covering for the shock arrester. U is a case, preferably cylindrical
for enclosing the spring T, attached at the bottom to the ship's side E, and closed at
the top by screwed plug U₁ provided with an opening for the end A2 of the screwed
bolt A which passes inside the spring T, and is fitted with a bearing head S¹. The
opening in the screwed plug U is made weathertight by the packing H and stuffing
gland V screwed into it and permitting of longitudinal motion of the screwed bolt A.
In the form illustrated the shock arrester forms a component part of the improved
rigging screw. S2 is a washer interposed between the bearing head S' and the
spring T.
Figure 8 below the dotted line 1, 1, illustrates in section another method of pro-
viding a covering for the shock arrester. The spring is fitted in a similar manner to
that described in reference to Figures 14 and 16, and is contained in a case U attached
to the rigging screw by a joint L at the top, and to the ship's side E or other point
by the bolt S, and closed in at the bottom by a screwed plug U¹ packing material H
and stuffing gland-V..
Figure shows another method of attaching the rigging screw to the spring shock
arrester by screwing them together at J³.
Figure 20 shows an improved rigging screw attached to a vessels stay of rod iron
or steel W which may be in one length as for vessels shrouds, and in several lengths
linked together for the longer stays, and also illustrates at X the method of operating
these improved rigging screws by inserting a marline spike or other suitable instrument
and turning by hand.
The whole of the apparatus may be constructed of wrought iron or steel or partly
of malleable cast iron or steel or of gun metal or other suitable metal, and the covering
tubes C, C as shown in Figures 8, 9 and 10 may be sheathed in yellow metal, gal-
vanized, or well coated with paint to prevent oxidisation where it might be troublesome.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my Invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed, while not confining myself to the
exact proportions or configuration as illustrated in my Drawings, these being capable
of much modification, I declare that what I claim is ;
First. In rigging and rigging screws the construction and arrangement of the parts
providing a weathertight covering for the working screw, and a spring shock arrester,
either contained in an open link or an enclosing case, and the use along with such
improved rigging screws of rod iron or steel for vessel's shrouds and stays all
substantially as herein described and illustrated by the accompaying Drawings.
Seoond. In rigging screws the forming of a weather tight covering for the working
screw by screwing it into an internally screwed or partially screwed covering tube
having a longer and lighter encasing tube secured on its outside and closed by a washer,
packing material, and nut or cap, all substantially as herein described and illustrated
by Figures 5, 11, and 12 of the accompanying Drawings.

page_text: Third. In rigging screws the forming of a weather tight covering for the working
screw by constructing the screwed bolt of the rigging screw, one part screwed and the
other part smooth, and making it to screw into a covering tube having one part
screwed or a screwed nut within the middle part, and a smooth. part to fit the bolt
where smooth, the whole closed in by packing material and a nut or cap all substantially
as described in reference to Figures 6 and 7 of the accompanying Drawings.
Fourth. In rigging screws the forming of a weather tight covering for the working
screw by screwing it into an internally screwed covering tube and securing an outer
and lighter encasing tube to a suitably formed part of the screwed spindle or bolt, so
as to glide upon the outside of the covering tube when the rigging screw is operated,
with or without being closed by packing material and a covering nut or screwed cap
all substantially as herein described and illustrated by Figures 8, 9, 10 and 20 of the
accompanying Drawings.
Fifth. In rigging screws the use of a spring shock arrester formed of a powerful
spring sustained on a bolt with a bearing head and contained either within an open link
or within an enclosing case, all substantially as herein described and illustrated by
Figures 14, 15 and 16 also 7, 8, 9, 10 and 20 of the accompanying Drawings.
Sixth. The use of rod iron or steel for vessel's shrouds or stays in combination with
these improved rigging screws preferably fitted with spring shock arresters, all sub-
stantially as herein described and illustrated particularly by Figure 20 of the accom-
panying Drawings.
Seventh. The application of the improvement herein described to those forms of
rigging screws, such as are used for the stays of telegraph poles, signal posts, flag
staffs and such like erections, and for stretching purposes, all substantially as herein
described and particularly illustrated by Figures 11, 12, 13 and 13A of the accom-
panying Drawings.
CM 1000°