An Improved Manufacture of Rolls and Roll-like Tools and Cutters with Grooves having Profiles Varying in Size or Shape, and the Employment of such Rolls and Roll-like Tools and Cutters either Alone or in Combination with Plates for the Manufacture of Tapered Bars or Tubes of any Desired Section.
Year: 1888

page_text: Date of Application, 12th Dec., 1888
Complete Specification Left, 11th Sept., 1889-Accepted, 26th Oct., 1889
TROVISIONAL DI PULTIVATION.
An Improved Manufacture of Rolls and Roll-like Tools and Cutters
with Grooves having Profiles Varying in Size or Shape, and the
Employment of such Rolls and Roll-like Tools and Cutters either
Alone or in Combination with Plates for the Manufacture of
Tapered Bars or Tubes of any Desired Section.
I, WILHELM LORENZ of 44 Westendstrasse of Karlsruhe in the Grand Duchy of
Baden, German Empire, Engineer and manufacturer do hereby declare the nature of
this invention to be as follows:-
:-
This invention relates to a manufacture of cylindrical or conical rolls and roll-
shaped tools, which are provided with raised or sunk working profiles that run in
a circular or helical direction and are made to either increase decrease or vary in
form in such direction.
These working profiles may have a circular, curved square rectangular, angle T, I
or otherwise shaped cross section, and may pass from a certain cross section into any
other desired section. They can be formed in various ways by means of conical
cutting or shaping tools. Such rolls with sunk working profiles (such as grooves or
channels, that may either be left smooth, or be roughened serrated, or ornamented) serve
for the production of conical or tapering bars or tubes with cross sections or surfaces
corresponding to the working face operating thereon for the time being, such rolls
with raised working profiles may serve as pressing or polishing tools, or they may
have teeth cut thereon, in which latter case they constitute rose cutters with circularly
or helically arranged cutting profiles and with any desired diminishing or varying
cross sections of the profiles.
A process for the manufacture of such rolls with sunk working profiles arranged
in a circular direction, and with increasing cross sections, consists in the following.
A conical tool such as a riming tool or a rose bit A. Fig. 1 of the accompanying
drawings, is introduced between two rolls B that revolve either in the same direction
or in contrary directions, and is caused to revolve and at the same time to travel in
an axial direction, as indicated by the arrow I. By this means, at one or more
advances of the tool there are formed in each roll a groove the depth and profiles of
which will correspond to the extent to which the tool enters for the time being into
the rolls, and to the increased diameter of the tool which for the time being is brought.
into action, so that the sections of the part of the tool which comes into use will be
cut into the entire or part periphery of the rolls, according as these perform a
complete or a partial revolution at each advance of the tool.
The tool can be of conical or truncated conical form and be provided with straight
or helical cutting edges, as shown in three examples at Fig. 1. The rolls can have
preliminary semicircular grooves 6 turned therein as at Fig. 1b corresponding to the
smallest section a of the tapering tool, so that the latter will at first only have to take
off the edges 61 of the groove, and will consequently have less work to do until the
largest section a' thereof is reached, than would otherwise be the case. At Fig. 1b
is shewn by way of example a conical or tapering groove formed by means of four
advances of the tool.
The simultaneous action on two rolls is advisable for practical and economical
grounds, and insures the accurate coincidence of both grooves. It will however be
evident that each roll could be treated by itself.
This process is applicable with advantage for forming conical or tapering grooveз
in rolls of small diameter such as shewn at Fig. 1, or in a portion of the periphery of
rolls of larger diameter, as shewn at Fig. 1°; for forming longer grooves by
this means, very long tools would be required. In order to obviate this incon-
venience, short tools of a similar nature may be used in the following manner,

page_text: The two rolls B B having a preliminary groove of semicircular or other section
cut thereon, are mounted on the shaping bench as for example shewn at Fig. 2, so
that the grooves are situated above each other, and that both rolls can be rotated in
the same or in contrary directions. In the groove between the rolls is introduced a
conical tool, such as a rimer or a rose cutter A¹, mounted on an axis C that is rotated
by the carrier disc e. The other end of the axis runs in a bearing d which can be
shifted upon the disc D. By the rotation of the disc D the cutter A¹, owing to the
excentric position of its bearing, receives in addition to its rotation round its axis C,
an oscillating rotary motion. If now, while the rolls are rotated slowly in the
direction of the arrow, the bearing d is shifted gradually from its central position on
the disc D such as by the screw d¹) towards the periphery, the rotating and
gradually more and more oscillating tool A¹ will cut conical grooves into the rolls,
the depth and profiles of which will correspond to the circles of oscillation described
by the tool due to the displacement of the hearing on the disc D.
The conicity of the grooves is therefore obtained in this case by the action of the
tool which in the central position of its bearing only rotates round its axis and which
as the bearing is shifted from the centre describes cones of gradually increasing size
or with sides of increasing angle which cones are cut in a corresponding sunk form
into the entire or part surface of the rolls as indicated at Figure 2º.
If the bearing & instead of receiving an oscillating motion have a rectilinear
movement imparted to it by hand or by suitable mechanism from the centre down-
wards or upwards for example by turning the screw d¹ while disc D is at rest the
axis will describe triangles or the tool will describe pyramids with gradually
increasing base or having sides of gradually increasing angle and instead of
producing tapering circular grooves, tapering oval grooves will be formed, that is.
grooves that only increase in the direction of one diameter as shown at Figure 3.
If the bearing d is moved from the central position once to the left and once to the
right while the cutter revolves, flat conical grooves are formed which increase in width
while they remain of equal depth as indicated at Figuro 4..
If the bearing d after the horizontal movement above described receives a vertical
movement commencing either from the middle position or from the one end position
above described and extending either upward or downward or in both directions,
grooves of decreasing width in a horizontal direction and decreasing depth in a
vertical direction will be produced.
With such rolls, bars with decreasing thickness or height of the flanges ribs or webs
can be produced as indicated at Figure 5 in several examples.
If the bearing d receives a motion in the direction of a curve or design as for
example an oval, square or other symetrical or unsymetrical figure conical grooves
are formed the cross-sections of which correspond to the generating oval square or
other shaped guiding paths for the bearing.
If the bearing d is moved consecutively in different curves or figures as for
example first in a square and then in a circle, grooves with decreasing and varying
cross-sections will be produced which pass from the square into the circular form as
shewn for example at Figure 6.
With the last described rolls, bars can be produced that are square at the one end
and circular at the other end while at intermediate points they are of a compound
shape, such bars may be made to taper either from the one end or from the
other.
The long cutters A Figures 1 and 1 may of course be mounted in a similar
manner the small end being driven while the large end is carried by the bearing d
that can be shifted from a central position for producing the above described results.
But as only the part of the tool that is situated between the rolls is operative such an
application would be unnecessary and uneconomical.
Also, long conical or tapering cutting or riming tools such as are shown at
Figures 1 and 1ª can have cross sections varied in form in any desired manner and
may be used for producing grooves in rolls having cross-sections that are varied in
form in precisely the same manner. Tools of this description would not be rotated

page_text: but only moved in an axial direction against either a single rotating roll or between
two such rolls. The tool will then cut grooves of greater or shorter length in the
roll or rolls according to the speeds of rotation of the latter and of advance of the
former the sections of the grooves being made to correspond exactly with those of
the tool brought into action Figure 35 shew four examples of such tools.
With the tool A² the front thin end is square, the back end circular, with A³ the
front end is circular, the rear end square and the transition from the one to the
other is formed with a curve, at A* both ends are of equal thickness and the middle is
formed with a curved transition, at A' both ends are elliptical and of equal size, their
major axes are however turned 90° relatively to each other, the section at the
middle of the tool is consequently circular. These forms may of course be varied at
will.
Sharp angles are formed in the grooves of the rolls as at Figure 6ª either by hand
or on the lathe either at a preliminary or a subsequent stage or by the introduction of
a suitably formed file between the rolls.
If the axis of the tool is turned into the position ay Figure 7 an oval configuration
instead of a circular one will be produced. With a suitable movement of the
bearing d conical grooves with sections similar to those above described can be
produced.
A further modified method of producing conical grooves in rolls consists in
causing a conical cutting tool to act first radially upon the roll and then during the
work causing it to turn gradually in the direction of a tangential position relatively to
the roll. In this way the groove will first be formed to the smallest diameter of the
tool and will then be gradually enlarged in width and depth corresponding to the
larger diameters of the tool, as shown at Figures 22 to 24. In this example it is
assumed that the roll has first had a groove formed in it corresponding to the
smallest diameter of the cutter which groove is then only conically enlarged. The
cutter can however be formed at its front end with teeth, so that in working
radially it penetrates to the required depth into the roll while during the further
operation in turning into the tangential position the tool performs the whole work of
cutting out the groove.
Figure 25 shews various forms of such tools. In a similar manner cylindrical
tools with or without toothed front end may be used as shewn at Figures 26
to 28.
In all cases the form of the groove will only then correspond exactly to that of the
cutter head when this has operated perpendicular to the surface as at Figures 22
and 26 and such form will change in accordance with the altered inclination of the
tool until in the case of the tangential position of the cutter it passes over into a
semicircular form.
According as such a tool is made to cut more or less deep into the body of the
roll, in the one position or the other, tapering or conical profiles are produced such as
shewn at Figure 29.
But if such tool always cuts to the same depth into the roll, profiles of
altered but not at the same time conical sections are produced as shewn at
Figure 30.
So long as the rolls in such cutting operations only have a rotary motion
imparted to them conical grooves running in a circular direction will be produced
as described. The process for the formation of working profiles running in a
helical direction and with increasing or decreasing sections consists in imparting
either to the rolls or to the cutting tools a lateral as well as a rotary motion during
any one of the above described operations.
By this means rolls with conical grooves of any desired length can be produced.
At Figures 8. 9. 10. 31. and 32 are shown some examples of such rolls, Figure
shewing a circular-Figure 9 a square circular-Figure 10 an I shaped-Figure 31
a rectangular-arc shaped groove with decreasing or varied sections of the profiles
running in a helical direction. Figure 32 shews a square-circular groove having
sections of the working profiles only varied in form.

page_text: The bars or tubes of any desired profile rolled by means of rolls with grooves
produced as above described will be more or less extended or drawn.
A greater extension or drawing will be obtained if several sets of rolls are employed
consecutively having the same commencing calibres but the grooves of which are
made gradually more and more tapering.
If bars or tubes are rolled tapering from their middle or other point of their
length towards one or both ends by causing either only the one part or both parts
to be passed through the rolls from the point in question solid or tubular shafts
bearers &c. with sections at different points of their length having approximately
equal strength may be produced as shewn by way of example at Figures 11
and 12.
By means of such rolls also cold bent skelps or welded conical tubes can be
produced by passing conically rolled or conically cut sheet iron either cold or
suitably heated through rolls having corresponding conical grooves, and having
working profiles of round, oval, square, or other shaped sections.
In like manner, conically shaped rolls such as shown at Fig. 13, can be formed by
the above described process with circular or helical recessed or projecting working
profiles with increased or varied sections.
Also, the working profiles of a roll may be developed on a plane surface or plate,
and such development be used in lieu of the second roll, the bars or tubes to be
operated upon being passed between the roll and the plate. In this arrangement
either the plate may be fixed and the roll have, in addition to its rotary motion, a
longitudinal motion imparted to it, or the axis of the roll may be stationary and the
plate be made to travel at the same surface speed as the roll. Fig. 14 shews by way
of example such an arrangement in which the roll and plate have tapering
semi circular grooves, the plate being made to travel in the direction of the
arrow. .
If a roll having a helically directed conical groove is to work in the above
described manner in combination with a plate, the roll and plate receive such relative
motions, that their respective grooves always meet with their corresponding profiles.
Fig. 15 shews such a plate with the working profile of the roll developed thereon,
either the one part or the other being made to travel longitudinally relatively to the
other part.
If a smooth plate and a roll having a conical groove be used in combination, the
bars or tubes will only be formed conically on the one side. The same takes
place when a smooth roll operates in combination with a roll having a conical
groove.
Figs. 16 and 17 are shewn such arrangements together with the bars produced
thereby.
Under certain circumstances, for example where the article operated upon requires
to have its profiles varied on several sides, there may be used, in place of only two
rolls, a combination of three, four, five, or more rolls. Figs. 33 and 34 shew by way
of example four rolls operating in combination.
The four equal rolls B are provided at their coned edges with ordinary gearing
teeth, so that on driving a shaft G, all four rolls are made to turn in the same
direction indicated by the arrows; the pair of toothed wheels Z Z serves to take off
the strain on the bevil teeth of the rolls.
The teeth terminate at the grooves of the rolls, which in this case are formed as
parts of a circle, and they thus render it impossible for a straight seam to be formed
on the object at the point where the segmental grooves meet; if any seam were
formed, it would, at most, partake of the undulating form of the spaces between the
teeth.
The grooves of the rolls may be either smooth, fluted or otherwise figured, as in
the former cases, and they may be either of a rounded, angular, symmetrical or
unsymmetrical section, or they may pass from a section of one configuration into
one having a different configuration.
The above described method of preparing conical or tapering grooves in rolls may,

page_text: as before stated, be used for producing circular or belical bodies of cylindrical or
conical form with raised working profiles having diminishing or varied cross sections.
In this case the grooves cut in the manner described are not used as the working
profiles, but the parts left standing after the cutting operation has been performed,
these parts being if necessary, subsequently finished by turning or otherwise. The
working profiles of such bodies can be left smooth or be formed with teeth, roughened
notched &c., and may be used in various ways as pressing, polishing, or cutting
tools &c. such bodies are indicated in two examples at Figs. 18 and 19.
shews a rose cutter formed in this manner which may be used for cutting profiles of
tapering or conical form directly in rolls or plates on any lathe.
Fig. 19
For this purpose the roll is mounted in the usual manner on a lathe, and the cutter
is made to act against it while both parts are rotated, as at Fig. 20.
In cutting conical grooves in plates the cutter while rotating is made to act with
its teeth upon the plate as this is made to advance, as shown at Fig. 21. In both
cases the profiles of the cutter are cut with their diminishing or varying cross
sections into the slowly rotating rolls or into the gradually advancing plate, such
cutting being effected to a depth corresponding to the position into which the cutter
is adjusted for the time being.
Dated this 12th day of December 1888.
ABEL & IMRAY,
Agents for the Applicant.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
An Improved Manufacture of Rolls and Roll like Tools and Cutters
with Grooves having Profiles Varying in Size or Shape, and the
Employment of such Rolls and Roll like Tools and Cutters either
Alone or in Combination with Plates for the Manufacture of
Tapered Bars or Tubes of any Desired Section.
1, WILHELM LORENZ, of 44 Westendstrasse of Karlsruhe, in the Grand Duchy of
Baden, German Empire, Engineer and Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of
this Invention and in what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
This Invention relates to a manufacture of cylindrical or conical rolls and roll.
shaped tools, which are provided with raised or sunk working profiles that run in a
circular or helical direction and are made to either increase, decrease or vary in form
in such direction.
These working profiles may have a circular curved, square rectangular angle T, I
or otherwise shaped cross section and may pass from a certain cross section into any
other desired section. They can be formed in various ways by means of conical
cutting or shaping tools.
Such rolls with sunk working profiles (such as grooves or channels that may either
be left smooth or be roughened, serrated, or ornamented) serve for the production of
conical or tapering bars, or tubes with cross sections or surfaces corresponding to
the working face operating thereon for the time being. Such rolls with raised
working profiles may serve as pressing or polishing tools, or they may have teeth
cut thereon, in which latter case they constitute rose cutters with circularly or
helically arranged cutting profiles and with any desired diminishing or varying cross
sections of the profiles.
A process for the manufacture of such rolls with sunk working profiles arranged
in a circular direction, and with increasing cross sections consists in the following.
Referring to the drawings accompanying my Provisional Specification, a conical
tool such as a riming tool or a rose bit A, Figure 1 of the accompanying
drawings, is introduced between two rolls B B that revolve either in the same
direction or in contrary directions, and is caused to revolve and at the same time to
travel in the direction of its axis as indicated by the arrow I. By this means at
each advance of the tool there is formed in each roll a groove the depth and profile

page_text: of which will correspond to the extent to which the tool enters for the time being
into the rolls, and to the increased diameter of the tool which for the time being is
brought into action, the section of the part of the tool which comes into use being
thus cut into the entire periphery of the rolls or a part of their periphery
according as these perform a complete or a partial revolution at each advance of the
tool.
The tool can be of conical or truncated conical form and be provided with straight
or helical cutting edges as shown in three examples at Figure 1º. The rolls can
have preliminary semicircular grooves turned therein as at Figure 1°, corresponding
to the smallest section a of the tapering tool, so that the latter will at first only
have to take off the edges b¹ of the groove, and will consequently have less work to
do until the largest section a¹ thereof is reached, than would otherwise be the case.
At Figure 1 is shewn by way of example a conical or tapering groove formed by
means of four advances of the tool.
The simultaneous action on two rolls is advisable for practical and economical
grounds, and insures the accurate coincidence of both grooves. It will however be
evident that each roll could be treated by itself.
This process is applicable with advantage for forming conical or tapering grooves
in rolls of small diameter such as shewn at Figure 1 or in a portion of the periphery
of rolls of larger diameter, as shewn at Figure 1°; for forming longer grooves by
this means, very long tools would be required. In order to obviate this incon-
venience short tools of a similar nature may be used in the following manner.
The two rolls B B having a preliminary groove of semi circular or other section
cut thereon, are mounted on the shaping bench as for example shown at Figure 2,
so that the grooves are situated above each other, and that both rolls can be rotated in
the same or in contrary directions. In the groove between the rolls introduced a
conical tool, such as a rimer or a rose cutter A¹ mounted on an axis C that is
rotated by the carrier chuck c. The other end of the axis runs in a bearing d which
can be shifted upon the chuck D. By the rotation of the disc D the cutter A',
owing to the excentric position of its bearings receives in addition to its rotation
round its axis C, an oscillating rotary motion. If now, while the rolls are rotated
slowly in the direction of the arrow, the bearing d is shifted gradually from its central
position on the chuck D (as for instance by the screw d¹) towards the periphery, the
rotating and gradually more and more oscillating tool A¹ will cut conical grooves
into the rolls, the depth and profiles of which will correspond to the circles of
oscillation described by the tool due to the displacement of its. bearing on the
chuck D.
The conicity of the grooves is therefore obtained in this case by the action of the
tool, which in the central position of its bearing only rotates round its axis, and
which, as the bearing is shifted from the centre, describes cones of gradually
increasing size or with sides of increasing angle which cones are cut in a corre-
sponding sunk form into the entiro or part surface of the rolls, as indicated at
Figure 2*.
If the bearing d instead of receiving an oscillating motion have a rectilinear
movement imparted to it by hand, or by suitable mechanism, from the centre down-
wards or upwards, for example by turning the screw d', while the chuck D is at
rest the tool instead of producing tapering circular grooves, will form tapering oval
grooves that is, grooves that only increase in the direction of one dimension as shewn
at Figure 3.
If the bearing d is moved from the central position once to the left and once to
the right while the cutter revolves, flat conical grooves are formed which increase in
width while they remain of equal depth, as indicated at Figure 4.
If the bearing d after the horizontal movement above described receives a vertical
movement commencing either from the middle position or from the one end position
above described, and extending either upward or downward, or in both directions,
grooves of decreasing width in a horizontal direction, and decreasing depth in a
vertical direction will be produced.

page_text: With such rolls bare with decreasing thickness or height of the flanges, ribs or
webs can be produced as indicated at Figure 5 in several examples.
If the bearing d receives a motion in the direction of a curve or design, as for
example an oval, square, or other symmetrical or unsymmetrical figure, conical
grooves are forined, the cross sections of which correspond to the generating oval,
square or other shaped guiding parts for the bearing.
If the bearing d is moved consecutively in different curves or figures, as for
example, first in a square and then in a circle, grooves with decreasing and varying
cross sections will be produced, which pass from the square into the circular form, as
shewn for example at Figure 6.
With the last described rolls bars can be produced that are square at the one end
and circular at the other end while at intermediate points they are of a com-
pound shape, such bars may be made to taper either from the one end or from the
other.
manner,
The long cutters A. Figure 1 and 1ª may of course be mounted in a similar
the small end being driven while the large end is carried by the bearing d
that can be shifted from a central position for producing the above described results.
But as only the part of the tool that is situated between the rolls is operative, such
an application would be unnecessary, and uneconomical.
Also long conical or tapering cutting or riming tools such as are shown at
Figure 1 and 1* can have cross sections varied in form in any desired manner, and
may be used for producing grooves in rolls having cross sections that are varied in
form in precisely the same manner. Tools of this description would not be rotated,
but only moved in an axial direction against either a single rotating roll, or between
two such rolls. The tool will then cut grooves of greater or shorter length in the
roll or rolls, according to the speeds of rotation of the latter and of advance of the
former, the sections of the grooves being made to correspond exactly with those of
the tool brought into action. Figure 35 shew four examples of such tools.
With the tool A² the front thin end is square, the back end circular; with As the
front end is circular, the rear end square, and the transition from the one to the
other is formed with a curve; at A* both ends are of equal thickness and the middle
is formed with a curved transition at A' both ends are elliptical and of equal size;
their major axes are however turned 90° relatively to each other; the section at the
middle of the tool is consequently circular. These forms may of course be varied
at will.
Sharp angles are formed in the grooves of the rolls, as at Figure 6ª either by
hand or on the lathe either at a preliminary or a subsequent stage, or by the intro-
duction of a suitably formed file between the rolls.
If the axis of the tool is turned into the position x y Figure 7 an oval configura-
tion instead of a circular one will be produced. With a suitable movement of the
bearing d, conical grooves with sections, similar to those above described can be
produced.
A further modified method of producing conical grooves in rolls consists in causing
a conical cutting tool to act first, radially upon the roll, and then, during the work,
causing it to turn gradually in the direction of a tangential position, relatively to the
roll. In this way the groove will first be formed to the smallest diameter of the
tool and will then be gradually enlarged in width and depth corresponding to the
larger diameters of the tool, as shewn at Figures 22 to 24. In this example it is
assumed that the roll has first had a groove formed in it corresponding to the
smallest diameter of the cutter, which groove is then only conically enlarged. The
cutter can however be formed at its front end with teeth, so that in working radially
it penetrates to the required depth into the roll, while during the further operation,
in turning into the tangential position, the tool performs the whole work of cutting
out the groove.
Figure 25 shews various forms of such tools. In a similar manner cylindrical
tools, with or without toothed front end may be used as shewn at Figures 26
to 28

page_text: In all cases, the form of the groove will only then correspond exactly to that of
the cutter head when this has operated perpendicular to the surface us at Figures 22
and 26, and such form will change in accordance with the altered inclination of the
tool, until, in the case of the tangential position of the cutter, it passes over into a
semi circular form.
According as such a tool is made to cut more or less deeply into the body of the
roll, in the one position or the other, tapering or conical profiles are produced such as
shewn at Figure 29.
But if such tool always cuts to the same depth into the roll, profiles of altered but
not at the same time conical sections are produced, as shown at Figure 30, so long as
the rolls in such cutting operations, only have a rotary motion imparted to them,
conical grooves running in a circular direction will be produced as described. The
process for the formation of working profiles running in a helical direction and with
increasing or decreasing sections consists in imparting either to the rolls or to the
cutting tools a lateral as well as a rotary motion during any one of the above described
operations.
By this means, rolls with conical grooves of any desired length can be produced.
At Figures 8. 9. 10, 31 and 32 are shewn, some examples of such rolls, Figure 8
shewing a circular, Figure 9 a square-circular, Figure 10 an I shaped, Figure 31 a
rectangular are shaped groove with decreasing or varied sections of the profiles
running in a helical direction. Figure 32 shews a square-circular groove baving
sections of the working profiles only varied in form.
The bars or tubes of any desired profilo rolled by means of rolls with grooves pro-
duced as above described, will be more or less extended or drawn.
A greater extension or drawing will be obtained if several sets of rolls are
employed consecutively, having the same commencing calibres, but the grooves of
which are made gradually more and more tapering.
If bars or tubes are rolled tapering from their middle or other point of their
length towards one or both ends, by causing either only the one part or both parts
to be passed through the rolls from the point in question, solid or tubular shafts,
bearers &c. with sections at different points of their length having approximately
equal strength may be produced, as shewn by way of example at Figures 11 and 12.
By means of such rolls also, cold bent skelps or welded conical tubes can be
produced, by passing conically rolled or conically cut sheet iron either cold or
suitably heated through rolls having corresponding conical grooves, and having
working profiles of round, oval, square, or other shaped sections.
In like manner, conically shaped rolls such as shewn at Fig. 13, can be formed by
the above described process with circular or helical recessed or projecting working
profiles with increased or varied sections.
Also, the working profiles of a roll may be developed on a plane surface or plate
and such development be used in lieu of the second roll, the bars or tubes to be
operated upon being passed between the roll and the plate. In this arrangement
either the plate may be fixed and the roll have, in addition to its rotary motion, a
longitudinal motion imparted to it, or the axis of the roll may be stationary and the
plate be inade to travel at the same surface speed as the roll. Fig. 14 shews by way
of example such an arrangement in which the roll and plate have tapering semi-
circular grooves, the plate being made to travel in the direction of the arrow.
If a roll having a helically directed conical groove is to work in the above
described manner in combination with a plate, the roll and plate receive such relative
motions, that their respective grooves always meet with their corresponding profiles.
Fig. 15 shews such a plate with the working profile of the roll developed thereon,
either the one part or the other being made to travel longitudinally relatively to the
other part.
If a smooth plate and a roll having a conical groove be used in combination, the
bars or tubes will only be formed conically on the one side. The same takes
place when a smooth roll operates in combination with a roll having a conical
groove.

page_text: At Figs. 16 and 17 are sewn such arrangements togeme with the Date produc
thereby.
Under certain circumstances, for example where the article operated upon requires
to have its profiles varied on several sides, there may be used, in place of only two
rolls, a combination of three, four, five, or more rolls. Figs. 33 and 34 shew by way
of example four rolls operating in combination.
The four equal rolls B are provided at their coned edges with ordinary gearing
teeth, so that on driving a shaft G, all four rolls are made to turn as indicated by the
arrows; the pair of toothed wheels Z Z serves to take off the strain on the bevil teeth
of the rolls.
The teeth terminate at the grooves of the rolls, which in this case are formed as
parts of a circle, and they thus render it impossible for a straight seam to be formed
on the object at the point where the segmental grooves meet; if any seam were
formed, it would, at most, partake of the undulating form of the spaces between the
teeth.
The grooves of the rolls may be either smooth, fluted or otherwise figured, as in
the former cases, and they may be either of a rounded, angular, symmetrical or
unsymmetrical section, or they may pass from a section of one configuration into one
having a different configuration.
The above described method of preparing conical or tapering grooves in rolls may,
as before stated, be used for producing circular or helical bodies of cylindrical or
conical form with raised working profiles having diminishing or varied cross
sections. In this case the grooves cut in the manner described are not used as the
working profiles, but the parts left standing after the cutting operation has been
performed, these parts being if necessary, subsequently finished by turning or other-
wise. The working profiles of such bodies can be left smooth or be formed with
teeth, roughened notched &c., and may be used in various ways as pressing, polishing,
or cutting tools &c. Such bodies are indicated in two examples at Figs. 18 and 19.
Fig. 19 shews a rose cutter formed in this manner which may be used for cutting
profiles of tapering or conical form directly in rolls or plates on any lathe.
For this purpose the roll is mounted in the usual manner on a lathe, and the
cutter is made to act against it while both parts are rotated, as at Fig. 20.
In cutting conical grooves in plates, the cutter while rotating is made to act with
In both
its teeth upon the plate as this is made to advance, as shewn at Fig. 21.
cases the profiles of the cutter are cut with their diminishing or varying cross sections,
into the slowly rotating rolls or into the gradually advancing plate, such cutting being
effected to a depth corresponding to the position into which the cutter is adjusted for
the time being.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. The manufacture of rolls having circular or helical grooves of varying profile cut
in them.
(a) by a cutter rotating or not, moved lengthwise along the roll or between
two rolls while they are turned so that a groove is formed the counterpart of
the cutter.
(b) by a rotating cutter one end of which is made to oscillate while it revolves
acting against one roll or between two rolls.
(c) by a rotating cutter acting against a rotating roll, and turning, while it
acts, from a radial towards a tangential position, either the roll or the
cutter having also an axial movement when the groove formed is helical.
2. The combination of a grooved roll such as is above referred to with a smooth
or grooved roll or the combination of a smooth or grooved roll with a similarly
grooved or with a smooth table, either the roll or the table having suitable longitu-
dinal traverse so as to operate on pipes or bars of various sections.
B

page_text: 3. The manufacture of girders, bars, rods, pipes and the like by the use of rolls or
rolls and tables such as are above referred to.
4. The manufacture of rose cutters and like tools of various and varying sections
having their profiles formed by grooving as set forth in the first claim, and having
the parts which are not grooved serrated or otherwise treated suitably for cutting,
milling, polishing and such like operations.
Dated this 11th day of September 1889
ABEL & IMRAY,
28, Southampton Buildings, Agents for the Applicant.