Year: 1896

page_text: We, EDWARD MAY MUNRO, Engineer, and HENRY BRECKNELL, Engineer,
both of 64 Lawrence Hill, in the City and County of Bristol do hereby declare
the nature of this invention to be as follows :-
Our invention relates to apparatus for ascertaining and recording the intensity
or measurement of fluid or other pressures in open or closed vessels.
The apparatus consists of a chamber having a main bore hole through or
partially through it one end being connected to a force pump and the other end
closed.
There are two or more holes bored in the chamber and leading into the main
bore hole. In one of these holes leading into the main bore, hole, a short plunger
or ram is fitted and having a leather or other packing and gland to make a tight
joint, this ram receives the fluid or other pressure on the area of its end. In
another hole which is bored in chamber & through from side to side and crossing
main bore hole a second plunger or ram is fitted having two leather or other
packings and glands, one on each side of the main bore hole. The fluid or other
pressure acts only on its circumferential surface.
The short plunger or ram first mentioned may be termed the pressure ram, and
is coupled by suitable links or other device to a steel yard having an adjustable
weight and fulcrum so arranged that the weight may be set to balance the force
exerted by the ram.
The second mentioned plunger or ram, having two gland packings, may be
termed the friction ram and is suitably coupled to a steelyard having an adjustable
weight which may be set to balance or overcome the friction of the two gland
packings.
The ram may be disconnected from the steel yard. This steelyard is also
suitably coupled to the pressure ram and the fulcrum is so arranged that one half
of the weight found to be necessary to balance or overcome the friction of the two
gland packings can be brought to bear upon the pressure ram having only one
gland packing which weight assists it in being forced out by the fluid or other
pressure in chamber so that the effort exerted by the pressure ram on the recording
steelyard, which may be indexed, is the true measure of pressure in chamber.
Suitable connections are made to the chamber for the purpose of testing, or other
operations to which this apparatus is applicable.
Deted this 19th dor of Fahr 1806
E. M. MUNRO.
H. BRECKNELL.

page_text: Improvements in Pressure Testing Apparatus.
We EDWARD MAY MUNRO Engineer, and HENRY BRECKNELL Engineer,
both of 64 Lawrence Hill in the City and County of Bristol, do hereby declare the
nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
Our invention relates generally to apparatus for ascertaining and recording the
pressures of fluids in open and closed vessels, and the improvements embodied in
the said invention are especially designed and intended to eliminate automatically
the results of friction in parts of the apparatus, and to effect the recording of
absolute results.
It is common with appliances of a like nature to obtain by a separate and
specific test, the amount of friction in the mechanism of the testing machine; and
to allow for the said friction in deciding the actual measurement of pressure.
required.
Our improved apparatus is so devised and arranged as to effect a clearance of the
said frictional value automatically, and to record at sight upon a suitably
graduated scale, hereinafter described; absolute measurements of the fluid
pressures to be ascertained.
Having reference to the accompanying drawings, Fig. 1 is, in part, a longitudinal
section of our machine on a central line, with parts in elevation for convenience
of illustration.
A strong receiver a is rigidly connected to, or formed upon, standards 6 b, and
the said receiver is traversed by a bored chamber c longitudinally.
The said chamber is closed at one end with a bolted detachable flange or
cover c', and at the opposite end, the chamber communicates with a force pump or
other source of pressure; by way of a passage d and a pipe d¹.
The said pipe is jointed suitably to the receiver by a screw joint d², provided
with a packing d³ to form a tight joint. An accurately fitted plunger e com-
municates with the chamber c, and the said plunger is operated by fluid pressure
acting on the area of the projecting end of the plunger within the chamber.
The said plunger is suitably provided and fitted with a gland e', and with a
leather or other packing e, forming a tight joint; and the plunger has motion
vertically in the said gland and packing.
A second plunger f communicates with the chamber c, passing completely through
and at right angles to the said chamber; fitted with glands, 1, and with leather
or other packings g, g¹ to form a tight joint.
The glands on each plunger are screwed and accurately fitted to holes bored in
the receiver.
The plunger e is jointed at its lower and exterior end, to links hh' movably, and
the said links passing one on each side of the receiver, effect connection between
the said plunger and a graduated steelyard i, i, having its fulcrum j, suitably
disposed in bearings k, on the receiver, and borne on hard plates and knife edges in
common form.
The said links are jointed to the steelyard at 1, on knife edges also in common
form, and an adjustable weight m is carried by the graduated steelyard, and also
a balance weight n to preserve equilibrium in the steelyard.
A second steelyard o is jointed movably in the frame at o¹ and the same
bears with knife edges upon the links pat p', the said links depending from the
plunger f.
Knife edges on the steelyard o also bear upon links q, depending from the
plunger e, and a weight r is carried by the steelyard o.

page_text: The weight r is adjustable on the steelyard o until it balances the friction in the
plunger f, and thus measures the said friction.
The links p admit of being lowered and put out of contact with the steelyard o
thus throwing the weight r on the links q, and therefore on the links h h¹, connected
to the steelyard i, i.
It is understood that the plungers e and fare of equal dimensions, within the
chamber; and the packings e, g, g', are of equal dimensions, so that the friction
obtaining on the plunger e through its packing e is equal to half the friction on
the plunger through the packings g, g.
Fig. 2 and 3 are end elevations of our improved apparatus, wherein similar
letters of reference represent the same parts as clearly shown.
In operation the weight r is adjusted to balance the friction due to the packings
on the plunger f.
The links p are dropped out of contact, and the mechanical arrangement
of the compensating lever or steelyard o, is such as to transfer a half only of the
said weight to the links q and directly to the recording steelyard i i.
The weight thus transferred to the links q and the plunger e, is equal to the
friction of one packing, and is therefore a compensation for the friction in the
packing of the plunger e; whence the force exerted by the fluid pressure in
the chamber on the plunger e and through the links q to the graduated steelyard i,
is a true measure of the pressure in the chamber.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what
we claim is.
In a fluid pressure testing apparatus the combination with a receiver, and a
graduated steelyard as described, and with plungers and connecting links as
described; of a compensating lever, or steelyard, for the purpose of transferring
automatically a proportional load or force to the motor plunger, and recording
steelyard, as described, and for the purpose named.
Dated this 12th day of December 1896.
E. M. MUNRO.
H. BRECKNELL.