IMPROVEMENTS IN PRODUCING AND FINISHING PHOTOGRAPHS AND PHOTOGRAPHIC TRANSPARENCIES ON PAPER AND OTHER SUITABLE SUBSTANCES. AND IN THE MACHINERY. EMPLOYED THEREIN."
Year: 1865

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Barrowclough Wright Bentley, of the Quadrant,
Buxton, in the County of Derby, and ofthe Exchange Arcade, Manchester,
in the County of Lancaster, Photographer, and William Henry Bailey,
of the Albion Works, Salford, in the County of Lancaster, Turret Clock
Maker, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN PRODUCING AND FINISHING
PHOTOGRAPHS AND PHOTOGRAPHIC TRANSPARENCIES ON PAPER AND OTHER
SUITABLE SUBSTANCES. AND IN THE MACHINERY. EMPLOYED THEREIN."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Barrowclough Wright
Bentley and William Henry Bailey at the Office of the Commissioners
of Patents, with their Petition, on the 7th January 1865.
We, BARROWOLOUGH WRIGHT BENTLEY, of the Quadrant, Buxton, in the
County of Derby, and of the Exchange Arcade, Manchester, in the County
of Lancaster, Photographer, and WILLIAM HENRY BAILEY, of the Albion
Works, Salford, in the County of Lancaster, Turret Clock Maker, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PRODUCING
AND FINISHING PHOTOGRAPHS AND PHOTOGRAPHIC TRANSPARENCIES ON PAPER AND
OTHER SUITABLE SUBSTANCES, AND IN THE MACAINERY EMPLOYED THEREIN," to be as
follows:-
This Invention relates, firstly, to improvements in fi.ishing photographs on
paper after they are mounted on the cardboard or other description of mount,

page_text: and consists in subjecting the mounted photograph to pressure under an
improved photographic press (herein-after described), whereby an exceeding
smooth surface is produced, and then placing the photograph between dies in
a fly or other ordinary press,in order more or less to raise the most prominent
parts of the picture, and cause them to stand out from the background, so
obtaining a picture in "relievo." The dies for producing such effect may be
engraved, etched, or sunk in the ordinary manner, or they may be made by
the process herein-after described in the second part of this Invention.
Secondly, this Invention relates to a novel method of producing transparent
photographs on paper and other suitable substances, similar to the ordinary
porcelain transparencies, and consists in taking a photograph of the desired
object by the "gelatine process," then taking a cast in plaster of the photo-
graph so produced, and afterwards pouring molten type or other suitable
metal into the plaster mould, so obtaining a die in "relievo," which will be
an exact copy of the photograph. If the die is then fixed in a fly or other
suitable press, and a sheet of paper (plain, tinted, or otherwise), or other
suitable substance be placed beneath it, and such die is caused to descend
upon the paper or other material, an "intaglio" copy of the photograph will
be produced, which when held up to the light will be found to be a beautiful
transparency, more perfect in its effect than the ordinary porcelain trans-
parencies. Such transparencies may be.useful for ornamentation, and when
used for windows and shades for lamps we prefer to enclose the transparency
between two sheets of glass having an air-tight rim round the edges to
exclude dust.
"
By means of this Invention we are enabled to produce medallion portraits
in "relievo;" imitation " cameos may also be obtained by coloring the
background according to taste, and the effect of such pictures may be
heightened by mounting them behind convex glass.
And, thirdly, this Invention relates to an improved photographic press,
which consists of a suitable rectangular framework, having brackets or
pedestals at each side to receive bearings for a roller. A sliding plate travels
upon the top of the framework, between the brackets or pedestals, and
beneath the roller, and is actuated by a link connected to its under side, the
other end of the said link being connected to a lever jointed to the end of the
framework. On the top surface of the sliding plate a sheet of aluminium
bronze is fixed, which can be brought to a very fine polish, and is less liable
to corrosion than steel. The roller is pressed upon the sliding plate by screws
iu the ordinary manner. The mode of operating this press is as follows:-

page_text: When the sliding plate is at one end of the framework the mounted photo-
graph is placed with its face downwards upon the aluminium bronze surface;
the lever being then pushed forward the sliding plate travels beneath the
pressing roller,taking the photograph along with it, and during its passage
beneath the roller the necessary pressure has been imparted by the screws,
and an extra smooth surface produced on the photograph.
In the larger sizes of presses we prefer to have a reciprocating motion
imparted to the sliding plate and this is effected by connecting the other end
of the actuating link to a crank shaft, or to an eccentric upon a shaft working
parallel with the roller in fixed bearings in the framework beneath the
sliding plate, which shaft may project beyond the sides of the framework, and
there have a fly wheel mounted upon it, and a winch haudle affixed for
actuating the machine.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Barrowclough Wright Bentley and William Henry Bailey
in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 7th July 1865.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, BARROW-
CLOUGIL WRIGHT BENTLEY, of the Quadrant, Buxton, in the County of
Derby,and of the Exchange Arcade, Manchester,in the County of Lancaster,
Photographer, and WILLIAM HENRY BAILEY, of the Albion Works,Salford, in
the County of Lancaster, Turret Clock Maker, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Seventh day of January, in the year of our Lord
Oue thousand eight hundred and sixty-five, in the twenty-ninth year of
Her reign, did, for Herself, Her leirs and successors, give and grant unto
us, the said Barrowclough Wright Bentley and William Henry Bailey, Her
special license that we,the said Barrowclough Wright Bentley and William
Henry Bailey, our executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others
as we, the said Barrowclough Wright Bentley and Willian Henry
Bailey, our executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time
agree with, and no others, froin time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might inake, use,
exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland,
the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN

page_text: PRODUCING AND FINISHING PHOTOGRAPHS AND PHOTOGRAPHIC TRANSPARENCIES ON
PAPER AND OTHER SUITABLE SUBSTANCES, AND IN THE MACHINERY EMPLOYED
THEREIN," upon the condition (amongst others) that we, the said Barrowclough
Wright Bentley and William Henry Bailey, our executors or administrators,
by an instrument in writing under our, or their, or one of their hands and
seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the
same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months
next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said Barrowclough Wright Bentley and
William Henry Bailey, do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention,
aud in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described
and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
This Invention relates, firstly, to improvements in finishing photographs on
paper after they are mounted on the cardboard or other description of mount,
whereby the individual features of such photographs are caused to stand out
in relief more or less, the same as in nature, and consists in subjecting the
mounted photograph to pressure under an improved photographicpress(herein
after described), whereby an exceeding smooth surface is produced, and
afterwards placing such mounted photograph upon leather or other suitable
matrix beneath a die fixed in a fly, lever, embossing, or other suitable press,
and causing such die to descend upon such mounted photograph, in order
more or less to raise the most prominent parts of the picture, and cause them
to stand out, so obtaining a picture in "relievo." The dies for producing such
effect may be engraved, etched, or sunk in the ordinary manner, or they may
be made by any of the well known photographic processes of engraving or by
the "bichromatized gelatine process." By means of this Invention we are
enabled to produce medallion portraits in "relievo." Imitation" cameos
may also be obtained by coloring the background according to taste.
And, secondly, this Invention relates to an improved photographic press
herein-after described.
That this part of our said Invention may be the more clearly seen and
understood, we have hereunto annexed a Sheet of Drawings illustrative of our
improved photographic press, like letters marked thereon being used to denote
similar parts.
Fig. 1 represents a side elevational view, partly in section; Fig. 2 is an
end elevational view; aud Fig. 3 is half of the plan of our improved
photographic press, which consists of a suitable rectangular cast-iron frame-

page_text: work A, having brackets or pedestals B at each side to receive hearings C for
the roller D. The sliding plate E travels upon the top of the framework A,
between the brackets or pedestals B and beneath the roller D, and the said
sliding plate E is actuated by a link F, connected to and working upon the pin
G passing through the lugs H attached to the ander side of the sliding plate E,
the other end of the link F being connected to the actuating lever I (shewn
broken in the Drawing for the want of space to illustrate it in its entirety),
which lever is jointed to and works upou the piu J, passing through the fixed
lugs K upon the end of the framework. Upon the top surface of the sliding
plate E a sheet of aluminium bronze I. is affixed, which can be brought to a
very fine polish, and is not liable to corrode the same as steel. The roller D
is pressed upon the sliding plate E by the "milled" headed screws M in the
ordinary manner.
The mode of operating this press is as follows:-When the sliding plate E
is at one end of the framework, the mounted photograph is placed with its
face downwards upon the aluminium bronze surface L; the actuating lever I
being then pushed forward the sliding plate E travels beneath the pressing
roller D, taking the photograph along with it, and during its passage beneath
the roller the necessary pressure has been imparted by the screws M, and an
extra smooth surface produced on the photograph.
In the larger sizes of presses we prefer to have a reciprocating motion
imparted to the sliding plate, and this is effected by connecting the other end
of the actuating link to a crank shaft or to an eccentric upon a shaft working
parallel with the roller in fixed bearings in the framework beneath the sliding
plate, which shaft may project beyond the sides of the framework, and there
have a fly wheel mounted upon it, and a winch handle affixed for actuating
the machine.
Having thus particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said
Invention, and the best method with which we are acquainted for carrying.
the same into practical effect, we wish it to be distinctly understood that we
are aware of and lay no claim to dies being used in finishing photographic
portraits on paper for the purpose of "convexing" the surface of such
photographic portraits, and thus adding to their appearance; but what we
claim as our Invention, and desire to secure by Letters Patent is,―
Firstly, using dies produced mechanically or photographically as herein-
before described, for the express purpose of causing the individual features of
a mounted photograph on paper to stand out in relief more or less, the same
as in uature.

page_text: And, secondly, and lastly, the general arrangement and construction of the
improved photographic press herein-before described and fully set forth.
In witness whereof, we, the said Barrowclough Wright Bentley and
William Henry Bailey, have hereunto signed our hands and affixed
our seals, on this Sixth day of July; in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and sixty-five.
Witness,
BARROWCLOUGH WRIGHT (L.s) BENTLEY:
WILLIAM HENRY
JOHN G WILSON,
Practical Mechanical Engineer & Draughtsman,
Patent Office,
(1.8.) BAILEY.
24 Market Place;
Manchester.