matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
AN IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR PERFORATING, PIERCING, OR PUNCHING PAPER, CARDBOARD, AND OTHER MATERIALS, ESPECIALLY APPLICABLE TO THE CANCELLING OF OR PRODUCING INDICATIONS ON RAILWAY TICKETS AND OTHER PASSENGER TICKETS
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edmund George Johnson
.
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 20th November 1872.
I, EDMUND GEORGE JOHNSON, of the Firm of S. Mordan and
Company, of City Road, in the County of Middlesex, Machinists, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED
APPARATUS FOR PERFORATING, PIERCING, OR PUNCHING PAPER, CARDBOARD, AND
OTHER MATERIALS, ESPECIALLY APPLICABLE TO THE CANCELLING OF OR PRODUCING
INDICATIONS ON RAILWAY TICKETS AND OTHER PASSENGER TICKETS," to be as
follows:-
The object of this Invention is the construction of an apparatus
suitable for perforating, piercing, or punching cardboard, paper, and
other materials especially when printed so as to serve for railway tickets
and other passenger tickets and other documents or articles in such
manner that a date or other required record, indication, or device shall be
produced by the perforations on the tickets or articles.
The apparatus is especially applicable for cancelling or producing
indications on railway tickets. In recording a date, number, or other

page_text: required inscription or device on the ticket it can simultaneously cancel
it when necessary.
I mount in a pair of jaws terminating in handles, such as spring
clip hinged handles or jaws somewhat similar to nippers, the appliances
or parts herein-after described. On one jaw is a plate or a number of
plates carrying pins forming punches, perforators, cutters, or piercers
fitted and arranged in the required form or disposition for producing the
desired number, device, character, or indication. On the other jaw is a
plate or a number of plates perforated with orifices to correspond with
the disposition or arrangement of the perforating or punching pins
fitted in the first named jaw. Beneath or behind this plate is a plain or
blank plate, and between these two plates is an opening or space for the
reception of the material, ticket, or document to be perforated, pierced, or
punched. A slot is provided for the escape of the waste or punched out
portions of the material, ticket, or article.
The material, ticket, or article is introduced into the apparatus and by
closing the jaws it will be punched, perforated, or pierced as required.
The disposition or arrangement of, perforators, punches, piercers, or
pins can be varied as desired to suit the various indications required.
IMPROVEMENT IN THE MANUFACTURE OF THE PHOSPHATES OF SODA AND POTASH AND CHLORIDE OF AMMONIUM, ALSO IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CHEMICAL MANURES AND ALKALIES
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Storr Best at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 5th December 1872.
I, ROBERT STORE BEST, of Goole, Yorkshire, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENT IN THE MANUFACTURE
OF THE PHOSPHATES OF SODA AND POTASH AND CHLORIDE OF AMMONIUM, ALSO IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF CHEMICAL MANURES AND ALKALIES," be as follows:-
I take phosphoric acid derived either from aluminous phosphates after
the extraction of alum or from other sources, and in definite proportions,
mix with potassium or sodium chloride, then saturate until alkaline to
test paper with ammonia, either from distillation of gas water or the
destructive distillation with lime of wool refuse, leather, horn shavings,
or other nitrogenous substance. I then evaporate to crystals or dryness,
and use the product at onco as a highly concentrated manure, or recover
the ammonium chloride by crystallisation or sublimation, leaving the
potassium or sodium phosphate to be dealt with. I then from a solution
of the alkaline phosphate precipitate tribasic phosphate of lime by the

page_text: addition of lime to the solution having potash or soda remaining, which
I evaporate to dryness. I then treat the precipitated phosphate with
a further quantity of phosphoric acid, forming monobasic phosphate dry
by mixture with calcined gypsum or salt of magnesia, and thus produce
a very concentrated superphosphate of lime.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR GRINDING AND POLISHING
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alexander Melville Clark at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 27th November 1872.-A communication from abroad by
Albert Assman, of Linden, in the County of Union, and State of
New Jersey, United States of America.
I, ALEXANDER MELVILLE CLARK, of 53, Chancery Lane, in the
County of Middlesex, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR GRINDING
AND POLISHING," be as follows :—
This Invention relates to apparatus which is to be used for grinding
or smoothing the surfaces of metallic springs or other flat metallic
surfaces, and in which a feed roller is employed above a grind or emery
stone, and geared together therewith in such manner that as the grind
or emery stone wears smaller the feed roller will follow down and still
remain in gear.
The grind or emery stone is hung in a frame and mounted on
a spindle, and the feed roller, which is about as long as the
though smaller in diameter, is suspended above said stone.
grindstone -
Its arbor

page_text: has its bearings in a frame which is pivoted to rods which are fastened
in the cranks of a rock shaft. The latter is hung in the upper part
of the frame in which the grindstone is hung, and holds the feed
roller. A beam is fastened to this rock shaft and is weighted at its
back end to swing the rock shaft so as to carry the cranks up and
thereby hold the feed roller off the stone which can then be revolved
without being in contact with the roller. When the roller is to
be used as a feed roller the front end of the beam is drawn down.
Pinions mounted on the ends of the axle of the grind or emery stone are
connected with gear wheels on the ends of the feed roller by means of
intermediate gear wheels hung in jointed rods. By this means the two
are so connected as to make them revolve simultaneously, the feed roller
receiving a slow motion as compared with that of the grindstone.
Whenever the device is used to brighten, smoothe, or abrade one
side of a metallic article the article is applied to the stone beneath
the roller, and the front end of the beam drawn down until the roller
bears on the article; the latter will then be slowly fed along and at
the same time be completely brightened or smoothed by the stone. As
the stone wears the rods fastened to the cranks of the rock shaft are
let down in the cranks to lower the roller accordingly, the jointed rods
allowing the full descent until finally the gear wheels on the ends of
the feed roller and the pinions of the grind or emery stone are in direct
contact.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PISTON APPARATUS OF WIND MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Giacomo Cottino at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 24th July
1872.
I, GIACOMO COTTINO, at present residing at Tolmer's Square, Hamp-
stead Road, in the County of Middlesex, Professor of Music, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PISTON
APPARATUS OF WIND MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in effecting the
lenghtening and shortening of the column of air in wind musical
instruments having piston arrangements. This is accomplished by
means of a cylindrical tube sliding into another moved to, and fro by
two levers or springs which act by the depression of first motion pistons
(2nd or 3rd) as is well understood, in order to lengthen or shorten the
cylindrical tube slide the necessary degree or distance, so as to produce
the note required according to the musical intonation.

page_text: By means of my improved arrangement of mechanism, the wind
instrument to which it is applied becomes a "compensator," and is
capable of accomplishing all the requirements or variations of the
musical art, being applicable to all wind musical instruments having
"piston" arrangements.
AN IMPROVEMENT OR IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF GARDEN TALLIES OR PLANT LABELS OR MARKERS
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Thorpe at the Office
'
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 2nd
February 1872.
I, JOHN THORPE, of Stratford-on-Avon, in the County of Warwick,
Nurseryman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"AN IMPROVEMENT OR IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF GARDEN TALLIES
OR PLANT LABELS OR MARKERS," to be as follows, that is to say :-
This Invention consists in making tallies, labels, or markers for the
use of horticulturists, floriculturists, and other similar purposes of a
compound metal of such nature that it is practically indestructible by
the action of the soil or the atmosphere, and being capable of being
cast or moulded. The title of the tree or plant is moulded with the tally
or label, and becomes inseparable from it. The metal I employ for this
purpose is an amalgam of lead, tin, and zinc, and the proportions in
which I prefer to use these metals is ninety parts zinc, five parts lead,

page_text: and five parts tin; these being the proportions in which the metal is
more easily run.
The lettering being cast upon the face of the tablet of the label
either in intaglio or in relief. may be afterwards blacked or coloured in
any desired manner.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF HATS, BONNETS, AND SHAPES AND IN APPARATUS FOR SUCH MANUFACTURE
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Alexander Lawrence
and Louis Arthur Lawrence at the Office of the Commissioners of
Patents, with their Petition, on the 8th April 1872.
We, HENRY ALEXANDER LAWRENCE and LOUIS Arthur Lawrence,
both of Lower Clapton, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE
OF HATS, BONNETS, AND SHAPES AND IN APPARATUS FOR SUCH MANUFACTURE," to
be as follows:-
This Invention consists in constructing and operating with apparatus
for the manufacture of hats, bonnets, and shapes in the following
manner.
We form a hollow block of metal or mould of the desired shape of a
hat or bonnet, and with feet so as to stand upright. We also form
another block of metal of the same shape as the other block as regards
the upper part thereof, but instead of making the said outer block
closed at one end we make it open at both ends, for the purpose here-
after stated. We also form a projection around the said outer block
at any convenient height from the bottom part of the said block for the

page_text: purpose of forming the brim of a hat by tieing the material round the
block at such said projecting part, and around the upper part of this
outer block we affix a small metal pipe with holes pierced therein for
the escape of gas, which when lighted heats the said block, the gas
being supplied by a flexible tube.
The mode of operating. with the foregoing apparatus is as follows:-
The material of which the hat, for example, is to be made is first damped,
then placed over the inner block or mould, and the outer or skeleton
block or mould is then pushed over the material, that is on the inner
block, the material is then turned up and tied round the outer block
to form the brim of the hat, this done the gas is lighted, and the mould
heated, so as to dry and fix the shape of the hat, the vapour passing
off between the two moulds. When dry the gas is turned off, the
string untied, and the outer block lifted off, leaving the shaped hat on
the inner block ready to be removed and finished in the usual way
according to taste..
AN IMPROVED STOPPER FOR CLOSING THE MOUTHS OF BOTTLES AND OTHER VESSELS FOR CONTAINING LIQUIDS
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Hird and Edward Ensor
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition,
on the 17th October 1872.
We, JAMES HIRD and EDWARD ENSOR, both of Bristol, in the County
of Gloucester, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"AN IMPROVED STOPPER FOR CLOSING THE MOUTHS OF BOTTLES AND OTHER VESSELS
FOR CONTAINING LIQUIDS, to be as follows:--
"
This Invention relates to the construction and arrangement of an
improved stopper for closing the mouths of bottles and other vessels
for containing liquids, and whereby access of air thereto is entirely
prevented. A collar is formed of wood or metal, and of such size and shape
as to be capable of resting on the top of the neck of the bottle or other
vessel, a tube which enters into the latter being attached to the lower
surface of the collar. In the centre of the collar is an aperture through
which, and through the before mentioned tube, passes a rod of wood or
metal, or other suitable material, and by which the other parts of the
apparatus are held together. The upper end of the rod is furnished
with a head or thumb piece, beneath which is placed, around the rod

page_text: and between the head or thumb piece and the before mentioned
collar, a spiral or other suitable spring. The lower end of the rod is
terminated by a collar, above which and around the lower portion of
the rod is placed a hollow washer of india-rubber or other suitable
clastic substance, and which washer may be of a spherical, conical,
cylindrical, or spheroidal shape, and is employed as a valve for closing
the neck of the bottle or other vessel. By preference however, the
spheroidal or egg shape is employed. The action of the apparatus is
as follows: When the spring is in its normal position the india-rubber
or elastic washer is thereby compressed between the collar at the
lower extremity of the rod and the lower end of the before mentioned
tube, thus forming a valve which fills the neck of the bottle or other
vessel and effectually stops the same. By pressing the head or thumb
piece at the top of the rod, the spring is compressed and the washer
allowed to assume its natural shape, when it may be easily passed in or
out of the neck of the bottlo or other vessel.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR DRAWING THE CHARGE FROM RETORTS EMPLOYED IN MAKING GAS OR OIL
Year: 1872

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to George Anderson, of Dalmeny Oil Works, in the
County of Linlithgow, and James Buchanan, of the same Place,
for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR DRAWING THE
CHARGE FROM RETORTS EMPLOYED IN MAKING GAS OR OIL."
Sealed the 1st October 1872, and dated the 12th June 1872.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said George Anderson and
James Buchanan at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 12th June 1872.
WC, GEORGE ANDERSON, of Dalmeny Oil Works, in the County of
Linlithgow, and JAMES BUCHANAN, of the same Place, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR
DRAWING THE CHARGE FROM RETORTS EMPLOYED IN MAKING GAS OR OIL," to be
as follows:
Our apparatus consists of a continuous or jointed metal rod or bar, or
of a chain, fitted with a plate or series of plates. It is placed in the
retort before or during charging, and is allowed to remain therein during

page_text: the distillation of the coal, cannel, shalc, or other mineral with which
the retort has been charged. When the distillation has been completed
it is withdrawn by steam, hand, or other power, a steam windlass
running on rails being preferred. In the act of withdrawal it brings the
whole of the spent charge with it out of the retort.
In practice it is preferred to employ a series of plates separated from
cach other, and to make the one at the back end, or that one which
passes furthest into the retort, the largest. The end of the rod, bar,
or chain is formed with a hook, loop, or coupling to allow of easy
attachment to the withdrawing appliances.
AN IMPROVED CONSTRUCTION OF CULTIVATOR OR SCARIFIER
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Boby at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 3rd April
1872.
I, ROBERT BOBY, of Bury St. Edmunds, in the County of Suffolk,
Agricultural Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said In-
vention for "AN IMPROVED CONSTRUCTION OF CULTIVATOR OR SCARIFIER," to be
as follows:-
―
This Invention relates to a novel arrangement of implement to be used
for scarifying the ground after the grain or other crop has been removed,
and preparing it again for cultivation.
The implement partakes somewhat of the character of a plough, and
consists of a strong wrought or cast-iron frame that may be made to
expand laterally as is usual in steam ploughs. The frame is mounted
on two front wheels, and it has a third on the off side near the rear.
The frame terminates in handles which are held by the attendant.
From the frame depend (say) four stems or tines set so as to form a
diagonal row. These stems severally carry a single wing share, and

page_text: they are each fitted with a shield or guide piece, which serves as the
share undercuts or pares off the ground at a depth say of 3 inches to lay
the earth thus disturbed in ripples in contradistinction to turning it over
as is the action of the ordinary plough. The implement may be drawn
with facility by horses, it having less dead weight and draught than a
three or four furrow plough. The scarifier is guided by the attendant
who, as the implement reaches the headland, tips the frame to lift the
forward shares out of the ground, and using the rear off wheel at once as
a fulcrum and a pivot turns the implement with the assistance of the
horses into position for another bout. This implement it may be
remarked prepares the land either for the harrow or for the plough, as
the case may be.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MAKING MOULDS FOR CASTINGS, AND IN THE APPARATUS OR MEANS EMPLOYED THEREFOR
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Anderson at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 7th
September 1872.
I, JAMES ANDERSON, of New York City, in the United States of
America, but at present of 166, Buchanan Street, Glasgow, in the
County of Lanark, North Britain, Engineer and Machinist, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MAKING
MOULDS FOR CASTINGS, AND IN THE APPARATUS OR MEANS EMPLOYED THEREFOR,"
to be as follows, that is to say :—
*This Invention has for its object to facilitate the making of moulds
in which metallic castings are produced, and it is applicable to the
moulding of numerous articles usually cast and moulded in sand.
By way of explaining the Invention, its employment is here described.
applied to the moulds in which sash weights are to be cast. The box in
which the mould is formed consists of two sides connected together at
one edge by cross ribs, so that the box has no ends. Into the under
side of the box a laying down board is fitted equal in thickness to
about half the depth of the box, and formed with guides at its upper

page_text: face to receive the patterns of the sash weights to be cast. At either
end of the box guides are placed, which receive and hold one of the
ends of the patterns to be moulded, and these are preferably arranged
equidistant from each other, the holes at the same time allowing the
patterns to be placed at various distances lengthwise, so as to form
the mould to correspond to any required weight of casting. In forming
the moulds, the laying down board, guides, and patterns are in the
position in the box herein-before mentioned, and the sand is filled into
the box between the spaces formed by the cross ribs, which being
properly rammed, the box is turned over, and the laying down board is
removed, when the other half of the box is likewise filled with sand.
The end guides are then removed and the patterns withdrawn endwise
from the sand, after which chills are inserted at the place formerly
occupied by the end guides, these being so shaped as to correspond
with the form of holes required in one end of the sash weight. At
the central part of the box a movable strip is placed, which when
removed leaves space for the runner, the metal being poured in through
a gait."
"
This Invention may be advantageously applied for the casting of such
articles as iron railings.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MODE OF REFLECTING, PROJECTING, AND DIFFUSING LIGHT BY MEANS OF GLOBE REFLECTORS
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Jules Cordier at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 24th July
1872.
I, JULES CORDIER, Manufacturer, of Paris, France, 12, Rue de
Marseille, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MODE OF REFLECTING, PROJECTING, AND DIFFUSING LIGHT
BY MEANS OF GLOBE REFLECTORS," to be as follows:—
The globe reflectors forming the subject of the present Invention
are made of hollow crystal or glass, either plain or coloured; they are
silvered inside, and are provided with one, two, three, four, or more
hyperbola faces or reflecting sides for increasing and diffusing the light.
Branched tubes are fixed or screwed on to the gas or conduit pipe, and
so arranged that a jet is presented to each reflecting surface. In the
centre of the above tubes is a socket for receiving a projection at the
base of the reflector, by which it is supported.
The reflectors are or may be provided with chimnies to admit of
expansion so as to avoid breakage by heat, and the silvering being
internal resists the action of heat and does not tarnish.

page_text: By this mode of employing a number of hyperbola surfaces the
intensity, projection, and diffusion of light is greatly augmented, with
an economy in the use of gas, which to produce a light of the same
power by the old system would amount to a saving of from 30 to 40
per cent.
This system is applicable to street lamps, for use in lighthouse
lanterns, carriages, railway lights, and signals, or for private use, and
can readily be adapted to lamps burning oil, paraffin, schist, petroleum,
or even candles with great advantage.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINES used in the Manufacture of CIGARS
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Frederick Wood at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
28th December 1872.
I, CHARLES FREDERICK WOOD, of Birmingham, in the County of
Warwick, Machinist, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINES used in the Manufacture of CIGARS," to be
as follows:-
My Invention has reference to the machines used for making and
covering cigars, and consists of the improvements in the said machines
or additions thereto of the parts herein-after described, the object of my
said Invention being more effectually to shape or cover the head of the
cigar than is done by machines of the ordinary construction.
In machines as ordinarily constructed for making and covering cigars
a series of parallel rollers, usually six are employed, the said rollers being
situated by preference horizontally and geared together at one end. One
of the said rollers is supported upon an arm capable of being raised and
lowered so as to permit of the lifting of the said roller from the other
rollers for the introduction of the material of which the cigar is to be
made or of the cigar to be covered. In the machine as ordinarily con-

page_text: structed the head of the cigar is formed or covered by fixed bearings in
which the ends of the rollers work, the said end bearings of the rollers
being shaped so as to have in section the figure of the head of the cigar.
The forming or covering of the head of the cigar is consequently
effected by rubbing against the said fixed surfaces, the body only of the
cigar being operated upon by the rotating rollers.
According to my Invention I substitute in place of the said fixed
surfaces by which in the ordinary machine the head of the cigar is
shaped or covered a series of small supplementary rollers equal in
number to the rollers by which the body is formed, the said supple-
mentary or heading rollers having the figure required to give the desired
shape to the head of the cigar. The axes of the said heading rollers are
inclined at a small angle to the axes of the ordinary rollers to which they
are respectively geared by bevil or other gearing. The surfaces of the
said heading rollers may either be plain or grooved like the ordinary
rollers.
Although I prefer to drive the said heading rollers by gearing them
with the ordinary rollers, yet the said heading rollers may be used
without being geared to the ordinary rollers.
Machines constructed according to my Invention are worked in the
same way as the ordinary machines.
'
Cigars made or covered by the use of my improved machines are very
neatly and effectually made or covered at that part of the cigar called
the head, in consequence of the said part or head being shaped or covered
by a rolling action instead of by a rubbing action as in the ordinary.
machines..
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE APPLICATION OF NATURAL PERMANENT MAGNETS TO ARTICLES OF WEARING APPAREL OR JEWELLERY FOR CURATIVE AND OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Welton at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 17th
December 1872.
I, THOMAS WELTON, of 13, Grafton Street, Fitzroy Square, in
the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of my said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE APPLICATION OF NATURAL PERMANENT
MAGNETS TO ARTICLES OF WEARING APPAREL OR JEWELLERY FOR CURATIVE AND
OTHER PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
The Invention is designed for the purpose of enabling natural
permanent magnets to be worn about the person in a convenient
form as a medium for the prevention or cure of disease or for other
purposes.
The improvements consist in the application and use of hematite,
magnetic iron ore (known as loadstone) to wearing apparel in the form
of buttons, discs, or tablets, which may be wholly or in part composed
of the said ore, or the same may be placed in any suitable or convenient
covering such for instance as inserting or otherwise fixing the same
between metal or between leather, cloth, or other textile material.

page_text: In the case of jewellery for example a zone ring or small pieces of the
magnetic ore may be mounted or set therein.
Furthermore, pulverized or small pieces of the hematite loadstone or
other natural magnetic iron ore may be mixed with the articles or used
separately and inserted between plates of metal or other material in a 5
form that can be linked or fastened together, or may be used as before
described between leather cloth, or other textile material.!
IMPROVEMENTS IN LUBRICATORS FOR STEAM ENGINE AND OTHER CYLINDERS
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Henry Bailey and
James Westley at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents with
their Petition, on the 12th September 1872.
We, WILLIAM HENRY BAILEY, of the Albion Works, Salford, in the
County of Lancaster, Turret Clock Manufacturer and Brass Founder,
and JAMES WESTLEY, of Hulme, in the County of Lancaster, Brass
Finisher, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN LUBRICATORS FOR STEAM ENGINE AND OTHER CYLINDERS," to
be as follows:-
-
The object of this Invention is the construction of a lubricating cup
for steam engine and other cylinders which is capable of regulating the
flow of lubricating material to the greatest nicety, and which can be
supplied with fresh lubricating material without removing any cover or
lid or other loose part, and without stopping the engine, and consists in
the application of an acute angled inverted plug mounted in a suitable
seating at the upper end of the interior of the cup, this plug and seating
having one or more corresponding passages formed through it parallel
with the axis of the plug; the washer on the outside of this cup forms

page_text: the funnel or hopper for supplying fresh material to the interior, and
has a handle radiating from it for turning such washer, by which
means a communication is opened between the funnel and the interior
without fear of scalding the hands.
The regulation of the flow of the lubricant is performed by means of
a spindle which passes through a stuffing box formed in the plug herein-
before mentioned, and such spindle has a valve at its lower extremity
working upon a seating at the bottom of the cup leading to the
cylinder, and has a knob or handle at its upper extremity for actuating
such spindle.
By making the spindle hollow the steam will enter the lubricator at
the top and becoming condensed will so displace the lubricating
material on the displacement principle.
IMPROVED MEANS OF SUBDUING OR EXTINGUISHING FIRE, AND IN APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Waygood at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 11th
January 1872.
I, RICHARD WAYGOOD, of the Newington Iron Works, Falmouth
Road, in the County of Surrey, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "IMPROVED MEANS OF SUBDUING OR EXTINGUISHING
FIRE, AND IN APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates chiefly to the employment of carbonic acid or
other equivalent gas in combination with steam for subduing flame, the
gas being generated in the furnace, and the steam in the boiler of say a
steam fire engine by heat derived from a chemical agent in contact with
ordinary fuel placed in the furnace and ignited. The combined gas and
steam is to be ejected upon or against material in flame for the purpose
of subduing or extinguishing the same.
The fuel to be used may be coke, wood, charcoal, or other combustible
impregnated by steeping or otherwise, or combined with a chemical
agent or a solution thereof, such agent in body or in solution having the
gaseous properties suitable for subduing flame when brought into

page_text: contact with it, such as carbonic acid gas derived from saltpetre or a
solution of saltpetre in contact with fuel. I create a blast through the
fuel by a fan or blower attached to the engine, the ashpit for the time
being a closed one.
-
The gaseous vapour referred to is only intended for instant application
and to be used for subduing flame before the steam has been raised in
the boiler sufficiently high for working the engine pumps in the ordinary
manner. I propose to convey the gaseous vapour through tubes
preferably of copper to the place required under the pressure of the
blast, and to direct it into any position from a nozzle. The apparatus 1
referred to is essentially a fan or blower through which alone
atmosphereic air must be admitted to the fuel, the ash-pit and the fur-
nace mouth being closed air tight by flaps or screens; but should the
fire have obtained so strong a hold of the building as to produce incan-
descence, and thus be beyond the control of the gases, the ash-pit door 1
may be opened and fuel of ordinary kind used, the smoke will pass up.
the chimney in the usual manner, and thus raise the steam for working
the pumps, becoming in fact an ordinary fire engine.
The gaseous vapour materials and the water for the steam may be
placed in a separate vessel of a portable character or not, so that in the 2
case of a fire happening in a room the fuel already laid can be ignited, the
ash-pit door and fire door shut, and the blast admitted by turning the fan
or blower.
The principal object the Inventor has in view is to produce an engine
that may at all times stand charged and ready with the substances 2
before mentioned, so as to act immediately on the outbreak of a fire, and
thus to extinguish or retard the same when there is no water to be
obtained.
And also that when the water is ready which will
of propelling a large volume thereof into the fire.
possess the
power
3
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN FIREPROOF BUILDINGS
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Smith at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 4th
December 1872.
I, GEORGE SMITH, of Bradford, in the County of York, Architect, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS
IN FIREPROOF BUILDINGS," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is chiefly to prevent expansion and con-
traction of the metal pillars and girders of such buildings by the action
of fire and water when a fire takes place, and in the extinguishing of the
same, but also to render fireproof wood pillars and beams or other
woodwork.
The improvements consists in encasing, coating, or covering the
exposed surfaces with a layer of concrete or composition of small stones,
bricks, or other materials, and mortar or cement.
AN IMPROVED INDICATING OR CHECKING APPARATUS
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederick Durham and Horace
Edwin Hupton at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 25th April 1872.
We, FREDERICK DURHAM, of Lowestoft, in the County of Suffolk, and
HORACE EDWIN ПUPTON, of the same Place, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED INDICATING OR CHECKING APPARATUS,"
to be as follows :-
Our improved indicating or checking apparatus is intended to provide
a convenient and if desired a secret means of counting articles of any
kind in delivery from hand to hand.
For example:--Fish is usually bought by the last, and in landing it
from the fishing boats it is delivered in baskets, a certain number of
these baskets making a last; as each basket is landed a checker usually
scores it with a piece of chalk, adding up the whole of these marks when
all the fish has been landed, this method of tallying is very inconvenient
and leaves opportunity for fraud on the part of the checker, who by
arrangement with the purchaser may from time to time allow a basket

page_text: in place of the lever E, as shown in Fig. 2, and by means of which the
ratchet wheels S, T, and U are caused to revolve; x, x, x, are the
springs similar to those shown in Fig. 2; y, y, are the teeth or studs
attached to the ratchet wheels S and T for imparting motion from one
to the other; V is the slot or link by which the indicator can be hung
or attached to any suitable position.
We have referred specially to the counting of fish it being a very
important application of our apparatus, but it will be evident that it is
applicable to a variety of analogous purposes.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE Manu- FACTURE OF UMBRELLAS
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Gustave Fourquier and Octave
Triquet at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 18th October 1872.
We, GUSTAVE FOURQUIER, and OCTAVE TRIQUET, Umbrella Manu-
facturers, both of No. 82, Boulevard Sébastopol, Paris, France, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE Manu-
FACTURE OF UMBRELLAS," to be as follows:-
The improvements in umbrellas referred to relate to an improved con-
struction of movable socket, to which the branches of the umbrella are
articulated, the object being to preserve the silk or other material from
being cut through by the asperities of the projecting portions of the
branches at this point, especially when the umbrella is closed and rolled
round the stick, and secured with an elastic. This is effected in the
following manner:-The socket is provided with a movable circular cup
of metal or other substance surrounding the salient portion to which the
branches are attached; its motion is limited by a metal pin, soldered or
otherwise fixed to the socket in suchwise that when the umbrella is not
in use and its position reversed this cup descends and covers the junction

page_text: of the branches, thus protecting the silk from friction by preventing its
contact with the protruding parts aforesaid. The play left between tho
disc to which the branches are jointed is such that when the umbrella is
opened and held aloft it admits of the descent of the cup as far as the
pin or rest above mentioned, thus freeing the disc and its articulations to
allow of free motion to the branches. This movement may also be
effected by a spring placed under the cup by which it is constantly
pressed.
IMPROVEMENTS IN RAILS FOR RAIL- WAYS
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Rodney Croskey and
George Remington at the Office of the Gommissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 12th April 1872.
We, JOSEPH RODNEY CROSKEY, Fellow of the Society of Arts, of
No. 43, Portsdown Road, Maida Hill, and GEORGE REMINGTON, Member
of the Institution of Civil Engineers, of No. 21, Mansfield Road,
Haverstock Hill, both in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN RAILS FOR RAIL-
WAYS," to be as follows:-
The construction or formation of rails of much less weight per lineal
yard than those now in use (reference being had to the work to be
performed by them), and possessing equal power of resistance to the
forces which are brought into action by the movement of heavy bodies
at high velocities.
We
purpose to carry out this Invention by making our rails of such
form that when laid upon the top of longitudinal sleepers or bearers
flush with the inner side thereof, such sleepers being higher than the
transverse sleepers and the general surface of the permanent way shall
do away with the necessity of having any shank or vertical web or other

page_text: contrivance for raising the rails to such height as may be requisite for
the flanches of the wheels of locomotives or trains to travel or work
freely.
One of the forms of rails we purpose using to accomplish the object
of this Invention may be briefly described as consisting of a bar of iron
or steel or other metal having a flanch or wing running along one side
of it with holes at proper intervals for the purpose of securing the rails
by means of spikes or otherwise to the longitudinal sleeper. These rails
may be either single or double flanched; if double, the one flanch will
be at right angles or nearly so to the other, and one flanch will lie on
the surface of the longitudinal sleeper, whilst the other may be fastened
to the side thereof; and if single, by having the bar of iron or steel to
extend equally on both sides above the flat sides of the flanch. When
one side of the bar is worn out a new surface may be presented for the
tread of the wheels by simply reversing the rails. A similar result can
also be produced when a double flanch is used.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ANNEALING BOXES, POTS, OR PANS USED IN TIN WORKS
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Bytheway at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 20th
April 1872.
I, HENRY BYTHEWAY, of Pontypool, in the County of Monmouth,
Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN ANNEALING BOXES, POTS, OR PANS USED IN TIN WORKS," to
be as follows :—
The object of my Invention is to make the annealing boxes, pots, or
pans used in tin works in a cheaper manner than is now practised.
These articles are now made of iron and are therefore expensive. I
have found that boxes, pots, or pans made of earthy materials will
answer the same purpose equally well, and may be made with greater
facility and at much less expense than when made of iron. To this
end I take about equal quantities of fire-clay or rock clay, and broad
earth or mild clay and well grind them together with the addition of

page_text: pulverized brickbats or burnt fire-clay. When the mass has been well
mixed and tempered so as to make it tough it may be moulded into the
form of the article required and then burnt or baked in a kiln or oven.
The articles will then be fit for use.
IMPROVED MODE AND MEANS FOR SWEEPING CHIMNEYS AND PROTECTING CHIMNEY CANS
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Wilson at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 10th
October 1872.
I, ROBERT WILSON, House Painter, 52, South Clerk Street,
Edinburgh, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVED MODE AND MEANS FOR SWEEPING CHIMNEYS AND PROTECTING CHIMNEY
CANS," to be as follows:-
First. A coronet of galvanised iron marked A on relative Drawing,
which is lodged with this Specification, fitted on the top of the chimney
can, as shewn in said Drawing, Fig. No. 1.
Second. A revolving sheathed pulley, marked B on said relative
Drawing, is suspended from the centre of the said coronet, or where
there is already an artificial top to the chimney can for the prevention
of smoke from the cross bar on which the said artificial top revolves, on
which pulley runs an endless chain of galvanised iron of sufficient
length to reach the bottom of the flue, as shewn in said Drawing,
Fig. No. 2.

page_text: Fourth. A swivel link in the chain marked C on said relative
Drawing, as shewn in said Drawing Fig. No. 4, opens and allows the
round brush ordinarily used by chimney sweeps to be hooked on as
shewn in said relative Drawing Fig. No. 5.
Fifth. The chain is then pulled, causing the brush to ascend and i
sweep the chimney until it reaches the pulley, and then it is brought
down again by pulling the other side of the chain. To prevent the
chain plaiting, a hook or staple is driven into the wall at bottom of flue,
as shewn at part D, in said relative Drawing Fig. No. 3. This hook or
staple will act as a second guard in the event of the chimney can being
blown off. In new vents friction rollers might be provided which
would facilitate the working of the apparatus and save the chain.
Sixth. Where more than one or two flues emerge in one chimney
can it is only necessary to supply an extra pulley to every flue, all
suspended from the same axle. In the moulding of new chimney cans
a groove can be made at the top to receive the crown, whereby the
expences will be considerably lessened. Said relative Drawing, Fig. E,
shows how chimney cans can be fastened to the coping of the chimney.
4 iron legs attached to the coronet or to the rim of the chimney can
being dooked into the stone work.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BREECH-LOADING SMALL-ARMS
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Francis Augustus Braendlin at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 2nd November 1872.
I, FRANCIS AUGustus BraendlIN, of Birmingham, in the County of
Warwick, Gun Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said.
Invention for 'IMPROVEMENTS IN BREECH-LOADING SMALL-ARMS," to be as
follows:-
86
My Invention has reference to breech-loading small-arms of the kind
called drop-down guns, and consists of the construction and arrangement
herein-after described of the parts for locking down the barrels for
discharge, and unlocking them for recharging.
I lock down the barrels of the said guns by means of a sliding bolt
working in the body of the gun. The said bolt is inclined at its front
end, and on the shutting down of the barrels the said inclined end bears
against the inclined face of the joint lump. The said bolt at its rear end
works in a vertical recess or slot in the midde of the break off. The
middle of the locking bolt slides on the bolting and unbolting of the gun
in a trough-formed guide in the other or breech lump which terminates

page_text: in the same plane as the face of the barrels. The last named or breech
lump carries at the top of its rear end a lip or inclined projection which
stands out from the plane of the face of the breech of the barrels. The
rear end of the sliding bolt has a head, the lower surface of which is
nearly in the same plane as the upper surface of the lip or inclined pro-
jection on the breech lump. When the barrels are shut down for
discharge the joint lump presses back the locking bolt until the barrels
have arrived at their fully closed position, when the head on the rear of
the bolt snaps over and bears upon the lip or inclined projection on the
face of the breech lump on the barrels by the action of the spring
herein-after described. The barrels are thus very securely bolted down
for discharge.
The bolt is withdrawn in order to unlock the barrels by means of a
lever on the tang of the break off. The axis of this lever passes through
the break off and carries at its lower end a crank arm which is connected
by a link to the upper surface of the rear end of the bolt. The bolt is
pressed home by means of a double spring. The rear end of the spring
sliding bolt is cruciform in cross section, and works in a bearing of like
figure in the rear part of the break off. That part of the bolt which
passes through the breech lump is rectangular in cross section, and is of
somewhat greater depth than breadth. It works underneath or through
the breech lump.
By the construction and arrangement of parts described the barrels
are not only securely held down during discharge, but the shutting down
of the barrels is effected by a smooth motion instead of by the abrupt
motion of the ordinary arrangement.
The inclined fore end of the bolt may be omitted, but I prefer the
arrangement described
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF PORTABLE COOKING STOVES
Year: 1872

page_text: •
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Warry at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 23rd August
•
1872.
I, ROBERT WARRY, of Devonport, in the County of Devon, Armourer
Sergeant, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF PORTABLE COOKING STOVES," to be as
follows:-
This Invention consists in the construction of portable cooking stoves
whereby they are rendered more simple and economical than as hitherto
constructed. The stove which may be either square or of any other
desirable shape or form is constructed of plates of sheet iron welded,
riveted, or seamed together, so as to form the front, back, sides and
bottom of the stove, which also forms the case for carrying the cooking
utensils when not in use. The cooking utensils, which form no part of
the present Invention, consist of a number of boilers of tin or other
suitable metal, which, when packed, fit one within the other.
When it is desired to use the stove for cooking the boilers are
removed from the inside thereof, and two brackets are placed into

page_text: sockets attached to or formed on the front plate of the stove. Two of the
boilers are then placed one on cach side thereof, and the fire lighted
between them, and two more of the boilers are placed on the top, thus
forming a perfect fire-place. The products of combustion pass through
a hole formed for that purpose in the front plate into the stove or case,
and thence through a hole in the back plate into a sliding flue or
chimney attached thereto. The top of the stove or case is provided with
a frame of metal hinged to the back plate, and into which frame the
largest boiler of the series fits, and becomes heated by the products of
combustion when passing through the stove. When the large boiler in
the stove or case has become throughly heated one portion of the sliding
flue or chimney may be pushed downwards so as to form a damper at
the hole in the back plate, thus causing all the products of combustion to
pass back again to the fire; by these means the boilers on and around the
brackets become heated more rapidly than they otherwise would.
When it is desired to use the stove or case as an oven an iron plate is
placed upon a rim formed on the inside of the back, front, and side
plates about half way down, and a cover put on to the hinged frame;
in this case the large boiler is not requisite. When the stove is not in
use the brackets are removed from the sockets and the boilers packed
one within the other and the whole placed inside the stove or case, which
is then readily carried by means of handles provided for that purpose.