matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF GLASS BOTTLES AND JARS, AND IN THE APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH
Year: 1857

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Josiah Claughton Arnall and
George Greenhow at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 21st July 1857.
We, JOSIAH CLAUGHTON ARNALL and GEORGE GREENHOw, of the Yorkshire
Glass Bottle Company, Ferry Bridge, near Pontefract, in the County of York,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF GLASS BOTTLES AND JARS, AND IN THE APPARATUS CONNECTED
THEREWITH," to be as follows:--
This Invention relates to the manufacture of glass bottles formed with
screw threads at their necks for improving the stopping of the same, and
consists in making a screw thread inside the neck of the bottle or jar during
the process of manufacture of such bottle or jar, without having recourse to
a second heating of the neck thereof, or another pair of tools, as is at present
the case, by which means a saving of time and labor is effected.
The apparatus proposed to be used for this purpose consists of a spindle
having a scrow thread formed on its extremity, which screwed portion of the
spindle is introduced into the neck of the bottle or jar under the process of
manufacture. This spindle rotates in a socket fixed to a pair of spring arms
somewhat similar to a pair of sugar tongs. These arms are fitted with two
"keepers," which grasp and prevent the spindle from revolving when open,
but when closed or squeezed together release the spindle and permit of it

page_text: rotating. The lower ends of the arms carry two revolving discs or rollers,
which press upon and shape the outside of the neck of the bottle or jar, and
squeeze the metal thereof into the threads of the screw spindle, so as to form
the internal screw thread inside the neck.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PRODUCTION OF ORNAMENTAL TEXTILE FABRICS BY PRINTING
Year: 1857

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Michael Michaelis and John
Clemson at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 26th June 1857.
We, MICHAEL MICHAELIS, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Ware-
houseman, and JOHN CLEMSON, of the same Place, Dyer and Printer, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
PRODUCTION OF ORNAMENTAL TEXTILE FABRICS BY PRINTING," to be as follows:—
Our improvements relate to silk velvets, which for the purposes of our
Invention are woven without being dyed, as ordinarily practised, constituting
a fabric known as in the "grey" state; upon this we print by the usual
methods, but, if desired, the ordinary method of dyeing a portion of the threads
may be combined therewith. Under the term "silk velvets," we intend to
include those fabrics which are imitations thereof, as the same may be woven
with cotton or other backs, or with a mixture of materials.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE PREPARATION AND APPLICATION OF GRAVES OR CRACKLINGS FOR THE PURPOSES OF ANIMAL FOOD AND MANURE
Year: 1857

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William James Cantelo at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
19th November 1857.
I, WILLIAM JAMES CANTELO, of Camberwell, in the County of Surrey,
Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE PREPARATION AND APPLICATION OF GRAVES OR CRACKLINGS FOR THE
PURPOSES OF ANIMAL FOOD AND MANURE," to be as follows:-
My said Invention refers to rasping, sawing, or grinding graves or
cracklings, and using that article alone, or combined with other ingredients
suitable for the application of the same, as articles of animal food and
manure.
I arrange a series of the cakes in two cradles or frames, and apply one on
each side of a circular or other saw working in a proper frame, by which
means the ends of the cakes in each cradle are simultaneously sawn and
reduced to a powder-like sawdust, or may be cut in slices. This operation is
repeated until the whole is reduced in like manner.
In applying graves or cracklings thus prepared for the purposes of animal
food, I either use it alone, or combined with other food or with various
grains and vegetable matters, when desired. When required to be applied
as a manure, the reduced graves or cracklings may be used singly, or in
combination with charcoal, earth, dust, and similar matters in common use.
THE EMPLOYMENT FOR MOTIVE PURPOSES OF SULPHURET OF CARBON, AN AGENT NOT HITHERTO SO USED
Year: 1857

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edouard Hochstetter at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 27th March
1857, partly a communication from Augnstus Seyferth, of Langens-alza,
Prussia.
I, EDOUARD HOCHSTETTER, of Paris, in the French Empire, Gentleman, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "THE EMPLOYMENT FOR
MOTIVE PURPOSES OF SULPHURET OF CARBON, AN AGENT NOT HITHERTO SO USED,"
partly communicated to me by Augustus Seyferth, of Langens-alza, Prussia,
to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in the employment of the vapor of sulphuret of
carbon as a motive agent, sulphuret of carbon boiling at a comparatively low
temperature, being of great specific gravity, and from other reasons is well
adapted for motive purposes.
We do not confine ourselves to any particular description of engine or
machinery for obtaining the vapours of sulphuret of carbon or for applying the
same for motive purposes, but we prefer to obtain the vapours in a generator,
the whole surface of which should be covered with water.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR BENDING AND SHAPING METALS
Year: 1857

page_text: This Invention received Provisional Protection, out nonce to proceed with the
application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Bunnett at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 5th November
1857.
I, JOSEPH BUNNETT, of Deptford, in the County of Kent, Engineer, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY FOR BENDING AND SHAPING METALS," to be as follows:-
These improvements consist in constructing a machine for bending strips of
plate iron in lengths for forming revolving iron shutters, or other purposes, so
that by a combined action revolving dies are made to press simultaneously on
each side of the strip or lath of plate iron, turning both edges and forming
the lath complete at one operation, thereby saving more than half the time
now occupied by the present machinery, which only turns one edge at each
operation; much time is also necessarily lost in changing the beds or fences
before the other edge can be turned, which is avoided by these improvements.
The pressure on both sides being perfectly equal, there is less trouble in
holding the lath during the operation & no tendency to disfigure the same;
the work is also more accurately performed, and the machine is more readily
adjusted than the former one for the same purpose.
Another portion of my improvements consist in the method of cutting the
strips from the sheet iron, which require to be parallel and perfectly straight
on the edges. This is effected by the sheet of iron being placed on a travelling

page_text: bed, working on parallel guides with groove rollers; the sheet of iron being
placed on the travelling bed is held flat on it by a tension truss, actuated by a
screw at one end and a coiled spring at the other, which releases the lath
when the screw is turned back; the sheet being thus fastened on the
travelling bed, is pushed up to a pair of circular shears, & the bed is drawn
gradually along as the strip or lath is cut off.
Another portion of the Invention consists in a combination of rollers
for the purpose of flattening & stiffening the plates before being cut up into
strips, and also for flattening & stiffening the strips & laths after they are
cut off..
IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF IRON PLATES, SUCH AS BOILER PLATES AND PLATES FOR SHIP BUILDING AND OTHER SIMILAR PURPOSES, AND ALSO IN MACHINERY FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF SUCH PLATES
Year: 1857

page_text: by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Edward Jones at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
29th July 1857.
I, WILLIAM EDWARD JONES, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF IRON PLATES, SUCH AS BOILER PLATES AND PLATES
FOR SHIP BUILDING AND OTHER SIMILAR PURPOSES, AND ALSO IN MACHINERY FOR THE
MANUFACTURE OF SUCH PLATES," to be as follows:-
I propose to construct the description of plates above named with extra
thicknesses at certain parts, so as to give increased strength of metal at the
point where the plates are punched for rivets, without increasing the total
weight of iron in each plate; and for this purpose I construct the rolls by
which the plates are to be formed, the said rolls or one roll to have the edge
reduced in diameter, in order to form a rib or thicker portion at the edges of
the plates; a groove of the same form as the one at each neck is cut longi-
tudinally, so as to form a thicker edge at each end of the plate. The rolls
have one or more grooves or recesses running longitudinally, so as to roll
one or more plates if required. There may also be a groove running round the
rolls at any portion of their length, in order to give a thickness at the centro
or other part of the plate. In front of the rolls are two or more pegs or

page_text: stops projecting through a table or plate of iron, worked by cams, eccentrics,
or other means, so as to move out of the way at the proper time and allow the
plates to enter the rolls. The plates when rolled will have the edges or other
parts that are to be punched for rivets of a greater thickness than the centre
or part not cut or punched, so as to give an uniform strength throughout
without loss of material. The longitudinal groove in the rolls may be furnished
with a cutting edge, and the collars of each roll may also be furnished with a
circular shear or cutting edge, so that the plates may be cut and trimmed
during the operation of rolling.
A NEW MODE OF ORNAMENTING HOUSEHOLD FURNITURE
Year: 1857

page_text: on for Letters Latent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Urquhart at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 7th March
1857.
I, WILLIAM URQUHART, of 481, New Oxford Street, London, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "A NEW MODE OF ORNAMENTING
HOUSEHOLD FURNITURE," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists of a mode of ornamenting various articles of house-
hold furniture by applying thereto designs printed or painted on paper, chintz,
muslin, or other similar material. An ornamental design is cut or stamped
out of printed paper, or the other above-named materials, and is made to
adhere to the surface of the article of furniture by any adhesive matter, and
is then varnished more than once. The effect produced is that of hand
painting, and the cost is trifling.
IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM BOILERS
Year: 1857

page_text: This Invention received Provisional Protection, but notice to proceed with the
application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Taylor Bellhouse and
William John Dorning at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 2nd July 1857.
WC, EDWARD TAYLOR BELLHOUSE, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster,
Engineer, and WILLIAM JOHN DORNING, of the same Place, Engineer, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM
BOILERS," to be as follows, that is to say :-
This Invention relates to certain peculiar constructions and arrangements of
steam boilers, whereby a larger heating surface is obtained than in boilers of
the ordinary description. According to this Invention, the internal flue or flues
of a cylindrical or other shaped steam boiler are corrugated on the upper side,
the corrugations running either transversely or longitudinally. Across these
flues at suitable distances are fitted vertical and slightly inclined water ways,
which open into the body of the boiler at each side of the flue or flues, so that
a constant circulation of water may be effected through them; and as these
water ways are heated by the direct action of the flames, the generation of
steam therein will be considerably increased.
When the boiler is constructed without vertical flues, it is proposed to
corrugate cither transversely or longitudinally the bottom of the boiler, or that
portion immediately acted upon by the furnace.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR THE PRESERVATION OF LIFE AND PROPERTY AT SEA
Year: 1857

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Henry Johnson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 20th
January 1857.-A communication from John Thomas Garlick, of the
City, County, and State of New York, United States of America.
I, JOHN HENRY JOHNSON, of 47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the County of
Middlesex, and of 166, Buchanan Street, in the City of Glasgow, North
Britain, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR THE PRESERVATION OF LIFE AND PROPERTY AT
SEA," a communication from John Thomas Garlick, of the City, County, and_
State of New York, in the United States of America, to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in making a box work, which when placed between
the staunchions ordinarily used for berths or otherwise shall serve as a berth
or bedstead, or when placed upon feet and casters provided shall serve as a
sofa or settee, and which in case of need shall answer the purpose of a superior
self-righting life boat.
To obtain the buoyancy required, this box work is made hollow at its bottom
and both ends. The hollow ends are extended upwards above the side, so as
not only to help to keep the same with its occupant upright when floating on
the water, but also to return them both instantly to a proper vertical position
in case of being in any way overturned.
The sides are made to stand above the inside bottom, so as in the ordinary

page_text: use of the article to keep the bed or cushion in its place, and when used as a
life boat to serve as a bulwark for the safety of the occupant, and as a gunwale
for thole pins, and as a rest for sculls or oars; the said sides being pierced, so
that the holes may act as scuppers. Part of the space in the ends is partitioned
off into water-tight lockers, secured by proper water-tight doors or covers, to
form places for provisions, the same being supplied with canteens for water.
For river or inland service, where the distance to shore is not great, and
where but little roughness is likely to be encountered, this birth, sofa, or
settee is made of wood, properly secured; but for ocean service, where exposure
to violence, stress, and strain occurs, it is constructed of metal, or métal and
wood, and in either case the space above described is filled with air-tight
metallic tanks, or with cork or other floating substance, except the parts used
for lockers. Suitable thole pins, rings, bolts, lashings, &c., being attached, the
article is complete for all its intended uses. In time of danger this berth,
_sofa, or settee is to be brought upon deck, when upon being needed as a life
boat, without any care in lowering, it may be thrown overboard, whereupon it
will immediately right itself and drain, and be ready for use as a safe and
comfortable boat.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN SPRINGS FOR PETTICOATS AND OTHER ARTICLES OF DRESS
Year: 1857

page_text: Is Invention received rovision
TULEGULVIL
application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Prosper Brunot at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 28th July
1857.
I, PROSPER BRUNOT, of No. 37, Boulevart de Sebastopol, in the City of
Paris, Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN SPRINGS FOR PETTICOATS AND OTHER ARTICLES OF DRESS," to be as
follows:-
These springs are composed of one, two, or more strips of cane, which when
combined are plaited or covered with hemp, flax, or other fibre. The several
strips of cane are cemented together edge to edge, by means of size or glue
which renders them flat, they are then covered with cotton or other thread
or yarn by a suitable braiding or covering machine; or these covered cano
springs may be round in place of flat.
AN APPARATUS FOR CLOSING THE SUPPLY COCKS OF GAS BURNERS
Year: 1857

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Oldham at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 5th January
1857.
I, JOHN OLDHAM, of Preston, in the County of Lancaster, Telegraph Clerk,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN APPARATUS FOR
CLOSING THE SUPPLY COCKS OF GAS BURNERS," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to the employment of electro-magnetism as a means
of simultaneously closing the supply cocks of gas lamps where a large number
require to be turned off, as, for example, in streets and very large works."
According to this Invention, it is proposed to connect the lever of each cock
or tap to be acted upon at one end with a helical or other spring, which will
always tend to keep the cock or tap shut, and at the other end with a bar of
soft iron by a short length of wire or chain. Beneath this bar is fitted a pair
of electro-magnetic coils, in connection by ordinary insulated telegraphic wires
with a battery at the gas works, or in any other convenient locality. The
whole of the coils are in communication with each other, so as to be in the
circuit, and will consequently be simultaneously demagnetized when such circuit
is broken. In turning the tap to light the lamp the bar of soft iron is brought
down on to the coils which have been previously magnetized, and is by them

page_text: consequently held down and the tap kept open, the force of the spring being
overcome by the attractive power of the magnetic coils.
It will, however, be evident that if the circuit be broken the whole of the
bars of iron will be released, and the springs will close the several taps
simultaneously. The regulation of opening of the top so as to adjust the
supply to the desired amount is effected by increasing or decreasing, as the
case may be, the length of wire or chain which connects the bar of soft iron
to the lever of the tap, and this adjustment may be effected by means of a
screw.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF DECKLE STRAPS
Year: 1857

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Warne at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 17th January
1857.
I, WILLIAM WARNE, of Tottenham, in the County of Middlesex, India-
rubber Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF DECKLE STRAPS," to be as follows:-
My Invention of improvements in the manufacture of deckle straps relates,
first, to an improved mode of making these straps, so that they will adhere
more firmly than the ordinary straps to the pullies to which they are applied,
and are less liable than usual to become injured or deranged by continual
wear; and, second, to the machinery or apparatus required for the purpose of
making such improved straps.
My plan of manufacturing the above-named articles consists, in the first
place, in making the straps hollow or concave on both sides, that is, thicker at
the edges than at the middle of the strap; and, second, in the application to
the sides of the strap of a projecting edge or rib, extending longitudinally all
round the strap, which, as is well known among paper manufacturers, is an
endless band, formed by preference in one piece. I construct my improved
bands of vulcanized india-rubber, and form them on a kind of oblong frame
with semicircular ends, the straight sides of the frame being so constructed
as to be capable of being extended or lengthened and shortened by the

page_text: addition or removal, as the case may be, of moveable side pieces of various
lengths, so that one frame may be employed when required for making straps
of different lengths. A band of india-rubber of suitable length having been
procured, it is moulded of the right form on the grooved periphery of the
oblong frame, in which it is secured by a metallic strap or band, which covers
it. The frame with the india-rubber band thereon is then placed in the
vulcanizing. chamber, where it is allowed to remain until the "change" is
effected; and when the strap is subsequently removed from the frame it will
be ready for use.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR RAISING WATER, AND EMPLOYING THE SAME AS A MOTIVE POWER
Year: 1857

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Roby at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 28th September,
1857.
I, GEORGE ROBY, of Wigan, in the County of Lancaster, Shoe Maker, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR RAISING WATER, AND EMPLOYING THE SAME AS A
MOTIVE POWER," to be as follows:-
I form an axis or plug, conical on the outside, with a web in the centre for
the purpose of forming two passages, which are connected to two separate
fixed tubes or pipes, one of them being the feed pipe and the other the
overflow.
This plug has two apertures, corresponding with the two internal passages.
Upon the said plug or axis I place a shell or drum working air and water-
tight, to which shell any suitable number of tubular arms are attached, the
apertures of which come in communication with the apertures of the plug
as the arms or drum revolve, thus bringing each tubular arm in successive
communication with the feed and overflow pipes, so that as each arm of the
drum comes opposite to the lower aperture of the plug or axis, a syphon is
formed, and when opposite the upper aperture of the plug, it forms an
inverted syphon.
The tubular arms of the drum are connected to a hollow rim, having the
same number of air and water-tight divisions as there are tubes; or, the

page_text: said arms may be attached to collapsing chambers composed of gutta percha,
india-rubber, or leather.
If my said apparatus is used for a pump, the feed and overflow pipes must
be shorter than the wheel, and the reverse if used as a motive power.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF WINDOW OR OTHER SASHES, OR SHUTTERS AND FRAMES
Year: 1857

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederick Sadgrove at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 22nd
January 1857.
I, FREDERICK SADGROVE, of Union Court, Old Broad Street, in the City of
London, Surveyor, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF WINDOW OR OTHER SASHES, OR SHUTTERS
AND FRAMES," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in hollowing out, curving, or concaving the pulley
styles of window sash or shutter frames, in which the sashes, shutters, or
sliding frames run, & in curving or convexing the styles of the sashes,
shutters, or sliding frames to run therein, by which I dispense entirely with
seperate parting & stop beads, as well as the outside pieces now used to form
the pulley styles of sash frames, thus rendering the running of the sashes,
shutters, or sliding frames free, and avoiding all liability of the sash hitching
or catching when being raised or lowered.
My Invention also consists in hollowing out, curving, or concaving the soffit
at the top and the cill at the bottom of the window sash or shutter frame, &
in curving or convexing the top & bottom rails of the sliding sash or shutter,
thereby rendering them perfectly air and water-tight when closed.
My Invention further consists in forming one or both sides of the pulley

page_text: styles of the sash or shutter frame in two pieces, so as to admit by the removal
of the lower part or parts of easily fixing the:sash lines & weights, & putting
in or taking out the sashes.
Lastly, my Invention consists in securing sashes, shutters, or sliding frames
by means of a self-locking fastener, composed essentially of a spring bolt &
catch or catches, & so arranged that when the sash, shutter, or sliding frame
is closed the bolt is thrown into the catch or catches & held secure. .
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF FIRE-ARMS
Year: 1857

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Valentin Sauerbrey at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 14th May
1857.
I, VALENTIN SAUERBREY, Gunsmith, of Basle (Switzerland), and of 45,
Essex Street, Strand (London), do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF FIRE-ARMS," to be as
follows; and consists of a hollow cylinder of steel or other metal of a diameter
nearly equal to, but a little smaller than the inside of the barrel intended to
be rifled helicoidally.
The two ends of this cylinder are wormed inside; into one end is screwed a
rod, by means of which the cylinder is worked, and the other end receives a
screw, destined to drag in its motion a prismatic mandrel. This mandrel is
slitted and hollowed at its largest part, so as to bind itself with the end of the
screw for transmitting to the said mandrel a movement of longitudinal sliding
when the screw is turned by passing a spindle in its hole. It could be turned
also by means of a sided head moved with a key.
At about half the length of the hollowed cylinder three openings are made
through its thickness, in which are placed three dies, the under part of which
coincides in the inside of the hollowed cylinder with the three prismatic sides
of the mandrel. Those dies are of cast steel tempered; they have outside
cutting projections disposed in a spiral line.

page_text: It will be understood that the mandrel being pushed towards the extremity
of the hollowed cylinder, its point will cause the cutting parts of the dies to
project, but very slightly, from the cylinder, and in proportion as the mandrel
is pushed forward, by turning the screw, the said cutting parts will project
more and more. Consequently, by passing the hollowed cylinder as described
in the barrels of guns, pistols, &c., and by giving to it the suitable helical
motion, I obtain at the same time all the helical grooves, which till now were
made one after the other.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PRODUCTION AND MANAGEMENT OF ARTIFICIAL LIGHT AND HEAT, AND IN CERTAIN PARTS OF APPARATUS APPLICABLE THERETO
Year: 1857

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Wadsworth at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 8th October
1857.
I, JAMES WADSWORTH, of Hazelgrove, near Stockport, in the County of
Chester, Machine Maker, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PRODUCTION AND MANAGEMENT OF ARTIFICIAL
LIGHT AND HEAT, AND IN CERTAIN PARTS OF APPARATUS APPLICABLE THERETO," to
be as follows:-
The kinds of light and heat to which my said Invention has reference are
those produced by the burning of gas, or of the vapors of naphtha and other
bydrocarbons which are burnt like gas without the aid of wicks; and the
parts of apparatus to which it applies are the burners used in the former case,
and in the latter, the burners and vaporising pipes or vessels of the lamps used
or parts immediately connected therewith.
The Invention consists, firstly, as applied to gas in deflecting and sub-
dividing the jet or current of gas issuing from a burner by the interposition of
some body such as a suitably shaped piece of metal, whereby the stream of
gas is partially dispersed and more widely distributed, so as to bring it into
contact with the adjacent air at more numerous points in order to its more
perfect combustion.
Secondly, in the arrangement and application of suitable apparatus for
carrying into effect, in a convenient manner, the above improved mode of

page_text: burning gas by supporting or suspending a wire, small rod, or other suitable
instrument in the flame of the burner.
Thirdly, as applied to the vapor of naphtha or of any of the bodies known as
bydrocarbons, in deflecting and dispersing the vapor as it issues from the
chamber or pipe in which the vaporisation is effected, by interposing a piece of
wire needle or some similar object, and also in regulating the admixture of air
with the vapor by making the air passages capable of being enlarged or con-
tracted as occasion may require.
And, fourthly, in the application to hydrocarbon vapor lamps, of the wire or
other deflecting agent before mentioned, and of convenient apparatus or parts
for adjusting the same in the course or path of the jet of vapor, and of suitable
valves or plugs to the air passages for controlling the admission of air.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR SEPARATING IRON AND OTHER MATTERS FROM ORES AND OTHER SUBSTANCES
Year: 1857

page_text: rovisional frotection, out notice to proceed win the
application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Alexander Edwards at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 16th June 1857.
I, WILLIAM ALEXANDER EDWARDS, of Hereford Cottage, Denmark Road,
Camberwell, in the County of Surrey, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature
of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR SEPARATING IRON AND
OTHER MATTERS FROM ORES AND OTHER SUBSTANCES," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in apparatus for separating
iron and other matters from ores. For these purposes a cylinder of iron is
employed, which is constantly rendered magnetic by part of its length revolving
within a fixed coil of wire, the two ends of which are put in connection with a
galvanic battery. The pulverized ores and other substances (from which it is
desired to separate iron and other matters attracted by magnets) are placed in
hopper, the lower end of which is open, and admits the pulverized ore or
substances to flow freely as the cylinder revolves under the hopper, by which
means those parts of the pulverized ore or substances which are attracted and
adhere to the cylinder will be carried round therewith, whilst those parts
which are not attracted will descend into a receiver below. And as the parts
of the surface of the cylinder, having iron and other matters adhering thereto,
come again under the hopper, a brush at its lower end brushes off the adhering
matters therefrom.
A NEW OR IMPROVED MODE OF MANUFACTURING PRINTING TYPES
Year: 1857

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Isaac Arrowsmith Best at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 10th
December 1857.
I, ISAAC ARROWSMITH BEST, of Saint Paul's Square, Birmingham, in the
County of Warwick, Surgical Mechanist, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "A NEW OR IMPROVED MODE OF MANUFACTURING PRINTING
TYPES," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in forming the printing type of two parts, as herein-
after described, namely, one part of copper, brass, or other suitable metal, and
the other part of ordinary type metal; thus, the one part, that is to say, the
printing surface or head with the beard or shoulder and part of the body of
the type, I make of copper, brass, or other suitable metal, which being
complete and finished, I place it in a matrix or mould the size of the body,
and cast the type metal portion upon it in the said matrix.
The heads of the types I make as follows:-Having prepared suitable
moulds, I cause the copper or other suitable metal to be deposited therein by
the ordinary and well-known process or processes of electro-metallurgy; I
then clip away the superfluous metal with cliping tools and press; the
deposited portion thus finished I place in the matrix, and cast the common
type metal portion upon it, which becomes firmly united to it by the rough
interior of the deposited portion of the body.
AN IMPROVED LOCOMOTIVE APPARATUS FOR RAIL AND ORDINARY ROADS
Year: 1857

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Archibald Brooman at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 11th
May 1857.-A communication.
I, RICHARD ARCHIBALD BROOMAN, of 166, Fleet Street, in the City of
London, E. C., Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "AN IMPROVED LOCOMOTIVE APPARATUS FOR RAIL AND ORDINARY
ROADS," communicated to me by a foreigner residing abroad, to be as
follows:-
This improved locomotive apparatus consists of a carriage carrying its own
endless railway in the shape of two large wheels, one on each side of the
carriage. The wheels are formed with a groove on the inside, and across the
groove there are fitted at regular distances projections or bars, so as to form
an endless circular rack. The carriage is supported at bottom upon two rollers
or wheels, which travel each in the groove in the endless railway. Two other
rollers working in the groove in the upper part of each endless rail maintain
the carriage in position at top. The propelling power is imparted through a
wheel on each side of the carriage, fitted with teeth or cogs, which take into
the spaces in the endless rack. These toothed wheels are placed behind the
supporting rollers, and are caused to rotate by a shaft driven by a steam
engine or other prime mover. The shaft is fitted with disengaging apparatus,
and carries three sets of gear wheels, whereby the speed at which the toothed

page_text: wheels are driven can be modified. By means of a screw arrangement the
weight of the carriage may be thrown forward or backward upon the rails to
suit any rise or fall in the road.
The wheels forming the endless railway might be fitted with spokes or arms,
uniting in a central boss or nave; then the fellies would be broader on one
side, and would be provided with the circular rack and groove for receiving
the driving toothed wheels and supporting rollers.
IMPROVEMENTS ON SYPHONS AND PARTS CONNECTED THEREWITH
Year: 1857

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Wright Gardener Treeby
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
20th April 1857.
I, THомAS WRIGHT GARDENER TREEBY, of No. 1, Westbourne Terraco
Willas, Upper Westbourne Terrace, Paddington, in the Co of Middlesex,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS ON
SYPHONS AND PARTS CONNECTED THEREWITH." I will now explain the nature of
my Invention to be as follows:-
I have a cesspool or receiver made tapering, the small end at the bottom,
which is fixed so that the end is directly under the bottom of the syphon
(which syphon is fixed similar to any other). This syphon has a funnel mouth
which is formed on the short end of the syphon, which. has a cock or valve.
fixed at each end of the syphon connected with floats and levers for regulating
them, which, when the syphon requires charging, those cocks or valves are
closed, and a cock which is fixed on the top of the syphon is opened; and con-
nected with this cock I have a tank or tanks placed so when this cock is
opened, the water passes in, expels the air from the syphon (letting in the
water instead of pumping the air out, which is less expensive than the old
way). I have the above cesspool or receiver placed or formed so as the bottom
of the receiver may be some distance below the bottom of the sewers, so as the
sewerage or heavy matter may have a fall; this falls causes an eddey or irritation

page_text: of heavy matters, which will continually be in motion under tho mouth of the
syphon; this motion will cause the stone, sewage, or other matter to pass off in
the syphon.
I will now fully explain what I claim as my Invention :-
First, by having a syphon with three cocks, or valves, one at each end and
one at the top.
Second, by having water placed on the top for charging the syphon.
Third, by placing float or floats for regulating those cocks, which will
always keep the syphons charged without using any machine for the purpose.
Fourth, in forming the cesspool or receiver tapering, so that all matters
may be concentrated to one spot under the syphon, which is done by having
the receiver or cesspool wide at the top and small at the bottom that comes
under tho mouth of the syphon, and by placing the receiver so as the bottoni
is below the sewer or inlet to the receiver, so that the sewage will have a fall,
which will irritate heavy matters, and prevent choking the syphon.
Fifth, plan for irritating the matter without the aid of any other power.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR PRODUCING AERATED WATERS
Year: 1857

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Herault at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
Petition, on the 24th
June 1857. A communication.
I, CHARLES HERAULT, of Paris (France), Gentleman, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR PRODUCING
AERATED WATERS," communicated to me by a foreigner residing abroad, to be
as follows:-
These improvements consist in an apparatus in which the liquid to be aërated
while in the apparatus is entirely kept free from any metallic contact. The
apparatus consists of a vessel of glass, china, or any other suitable non-metallic
material, which vessel is to hold the liquid to be aërated. To the neck of the
vessel is fixed a moveable syphon head, the exit pipe of which has a cock or
valve for drawing off the liquid. A metal socket fits round the exterior of the
neck of the vessel, and on this socket is screwed the neck of the syphon head,
which latter thus keeps the vessel hermetically closed. A perforated stopper of
glass or other suitable material is introduced, and fits exactly in the neck of
the vessel, to which stopper is fixed a tube, descending nearly to the bottom
of the vessel, through which tube the liquid to be drawn off passes to the
syphon head, which latter keeps the stopper firmly inserted in the neck of the
vessel, india-rubber washers being interposed. The lower end of the bottom
of the vessel, has the form of a short tube, round which fits a metal socket,
on which is screwed a hollow foot or stand, the interior of which is provided
with a short tube, on which fits another tube, rising into the enterior of the

page_text: vessel, which tube serves for holding the powders or other materials employed
for evolving the required gases. The upper end of this last tube is closed;
but holes are provided at the required height for establishing what is called
a constant level.
IM- PROVEMENTS IN THE ARRANGEMENT OR ADAPTATION OF STEREOSCOPIC APPARATUS, AND IN BOXES OR CASES FOR CONTAINING THE SAME
Year: 1857

page_text: on Jor
by the Act.)
given
prescried
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Bauerrichter and Gustavus
Gottgetreu at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents with their
Petition, on the 30th July 1857.
We, HENRY BAUERRICHTER and GUSTAVUS GOTTGETREU, of Charterhouse
Square, in the Liberty of Glasshouse Yard, in the County of Middlesex,
Manufacturers, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN THE ARRANGEMENT OR ADAPTATION OF STEREOSCOPIC APPARATUS,
AND IN BOXES OR CASES FOR CONTAINING THE SAME," to be as follows:-
The improvements relate to adapting stereoscopic apparatus so as to obtain
simplicity of parts, and in combining therewith a box or case, which, whilst
it is suitable to hold such stereoscopic apparatus, is at the same time adapted
as a receptacle for handkerchiefs, gloves, stereoscopic slides, or other articles.
The stereoscopic lenses are supported from one end of a platform or frame,
the other end of which is provided with a rest for the pictures, and the
apparatus thus formed fits into a box or case in such manner as not to
interfere (or only slightly so) with the internal form of the box, which is also
of form to receive the stereoscope without interfering with its other uses; the
front or other side of the box or case being cut to admit of the lenses
projecting or being seen even when the box is closed.
We also form the stereoscope and box so that the one fits into and for the
time when not in use forms or appears to form part of the other without the

page_text: lenses appearing externally. For this purpose the part of the stereoscope
carrying the lenses and that forming the support for the picture (either or
both of them) fold to form part of the hollow of such box or case without
otherwise interfering with the internal form of the box or case, and its
adaptation as a receptacle for handkerchiefs, gloves, stereoscopic slides, or
other articles.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION AND ORNAMENTATION OF BELT OR BAND FASTENINGS, AND OTHER DRESS FASTENINGS
Year: 1857

page_text: by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alexander Forrest at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 14th February
1857.
I, ALEXANDER FORREST, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick,
Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE CONSTRUCTION AND ORNAMENTATION OF BELT OR BAND FASTENINGS, AND
OTHER DRESS FASTENINGS," to be as follows:-
In constructing belt or band fastenings, I connect the ends of the belt or
band with the fastening by means of a catch fitted with a slide, by which the
length of the belt can be altered as well as the connection of the belt with the
fastening effected. I attach the double catch or hook to the back of the
ornamental middle part of the fastening by means of a strip or plate of metal
placed across the said hook or catch, the ends of the said strip or plate passing
through the back of the centre ornament, and connecting the hook or catch
thereto. In ornamenting belt or band fastenings I use ornaments made of
porcelain, glass, pearl, printed or coloured paper, which I apply to the
ornamentation of the central part of the said fastenings. I also apply a
covering of glass where desirable to protect the said ornaments. I apply
the method of ornamentation described, as well as the defence of the
ornaments by glass to brooches and other dress fastenings.
IMPROVEMENTS FOR SELF-REEFING SAILS
Year: 1857

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Gardner, Richard Lee, and
Henry George Pearce at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 30th November 1857.
We, JOSEPH GARDNER and RICHARD LEE, of Liverpool, in the County of
Lancaster, Mast Makers, and HENRY GEORGE PEARCE, of the same Place,
Master Mariner, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS FOR SELF-REEFING SAILS," to be as follows (that is to say) :-
To apply this Invention to (say) topsails. Below or on front of the topsail
yard there is a roller or supplementary yard which revolves in suitable bearings
connected to the topsail yard. The centre of this revolving supplementary
yard is encompassed by a fast sheath or pulley which is grooved on the face
(or edge), and to which one end of a line or chain is made fast, when the yard
is resting on the cap, the other end of the line is then carried up to the mast
head, where it may be made fast or passed through a sheath hole or block,
and thence carried down to the deck where it is made fast. Then hoist
the yard to the mast head by the hawlyards in the usual way.
to the pulley of the revolving yard the slack of the line which is attached
to it. Then take the topsail, which has the centre cloth removed down, to
the close reef (or a little below), bend it on to the revolving supplementary
yard, and then attach it to the lower yard by the sheets in the usual way.
By this arrangement it will be seen that when the topsail yard is lowered
down by the hawlyards in the usual way, the revolving yard is turned on its

page_text: longitudinal axis by the unwinding of the rope or chain from the fast pulley
on its centre, and the sail is wound round the roller as tho yard descends.
And upon the upper yard being again hoisted up, the sail is unrolled from the
revolving yard, and the rope or chain is again wound on to the pulley of the
revolving yard or roller, so that all that is required to be done to reef the sail
is to lower the upper yard by the hawlyards to the point that the sail is
required to be taken in, and by the action of merely hoisting up the yard again
the reefs are shaken out again.
A "save-all" may be fitted to the front of the sail, to cover the slit or
opening made by the removal of a portion of the centre cloth, to allow the
parbuckled or semi-parbuckled pulley to work through it.
The parbucked or semi-parbuckled pulley may be applied directly to the
yard, thereby dispensing with the supplementary yard or roller, but it is
-prefered to use the roller described.
A NEW OR IMPROVED MANUFACTURE OF MATTS POR PHOTOGRAPHIC AND OTHER PICTURES
Year: 1857

page_text: his invention received Provisional Protection,
notice proceed
application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Shaw at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 2nd June
1857.
I, CHARLES SHAW, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Photo-
graphic Matt Maker, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"A NEW OR IMPROVED MANUFACTURE OF MATTS POR PHOTOGRAPHIC AND OTHER
PICTURES," to be as follows:-
My said Invention consists in manufacturing the said matts of card or
paper, plain or coloured, and gilded or partially gilded, or covered with a
metallic coating. The said matts may be cut out and embossed at a press,
or manufactured by rolling, or by pressure otherwise applied. Any desired
ornamental form may be given to the said matts by suitably engraving the
dies or tools by which the said matts are made. Matts made of gilded or
plated paper or card according to my Invention cannot be distinguished
when connected with a photographic or other miniature from matts made of
metal. Matts made according to my Invention are less costly than the
ordinary metallic matts. Although I prefer to use paper or card in carrying
my Invention into effect, yet papier mâché, or other composition or mixture
consisting mainly of vegetable fibre, may be employed with the same or
nearly the same effect.