IMPROVEMENTS IN IMPLEMENTS FOR PULVERIZING, PLOUGHING, AND GRUBBING LAND, AND IN APPLYING MOTIVE POWER FOR WORKING AGRICUL TURAL IMPLEMENTS, PARTS OF WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE APPLICABLE TO CON- PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION
Year: 1861

page_text: Agricultural
UT
neers
the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN IMPLEMENTS FOR PULVERIZING, PLOUGHING,
AND GRUBBING LAND, AND IN APPLYING MOTIVE POWER FOR WORKING AGRICUL
TURAL IMPLEMENTS, PARTS OF WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE APPLICABLE TO CON-
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James Lamb Hancock,
and Frederick Lamb Hancock, at the Office of the Commissioners of
Patents, with his Petition, on the 4th June 1861.
We, JAMES LAMB HANCOCK and FREDERICK LAMB HANCOCK, Agricultural
Engineers, of Pentonville, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN IMPLEMENTS FOR PULVERIZING,
PLOUGHING, AND GRUBBING LAND. AND IN APPLYING MOTIVE POWER FOR WORKING
AGRICULTURAL IMPLEMENTS, PARTS OF WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE APPLICABLE TO
CONDENSING ENGINES," to be as follows:--
Our improvements in implements consist in the following arrangements:-
First, in order to provide for ploughs, pulverizing and grubbing implements,
after having performed one course, performing on the return course without
the frame or carriage carrying the implements being turned round, we connect
the implements to a bar or bars, beam or beams, in sets in such manner that
the set of implements having acted on one course can be raised out of the zoil
by a lever or otherwise, and by simply giving the bar a partial turn over, the
other set of implements may be brought so as to act on the return course, and
so on.

page_text: The implements may be of the ordinary construction, or they may be
arranged stepwise, according to Letters Patent granted to us the 11th October
1858, No. 2261; and in some cases we apply at the rear of the implement a
double mould board to turn a furrow on both sides of such mould board.
Again, we connect shares or other implements to a transverse oscillating beam
or beams, on tilting which the implements on one side of the beam or on the
other are made to act on the soil according to the direction in which they are
travelling. Again, for operating upon the soil at different depths, we connect
tools stepwise to a longitudinal oscillating beam, which tools work in con-
junction with a fixed central tool or not; we make the tools to cut in both
directions, and by adjusting the beam. we regulate the depth of cut. Again,
for the purpose of ploughing-in-butts" or lands," we arrange the first shares
from left to right or vice versa, and the next in the opposite direction, and in
whatever direction the second slice or furrow is turned, the following share or
-shares-turn..the furrow in the same direction: on travelling the reverse course,
the shares turn the furrow in the same direction as that in which the first
shares turned it in the first course. The leading shares are adjustable. In
all the implements turnfurrows may be used.
Our improvements in applying motive power for working agricultural
implements consist in the employment of a portable engine set upon wheels,
furnished with a reservoir for containing compressed air or gas, which is forced
into the said reservoir through pipes, tubes, or mains from a stationary
engine; or, instead of the reservoir containing air or gas, it may be used as a
vacuum chamber, and the stationary engine may be made to exhaust the same,
when the portable engine will be worked as a vacuum engine.
Our Invention also consists in regulating the speed of the drums for working
the ploughs or other implements by ropes or chains wound thereon by means
of clutch connections, whereby the speed may be made greater or less according
to circumstances. We provide the stationary engine for transmitting the
power to the portable engine with two or more condensers to each cylinder
and one air pump. The pump is made to act through different tubes upon
each condenser alternately, the cylinder being in connection alternately with
the condensers; and we provide an escape for a part of the steam after doing
duty from the cylinder into a chamber or into the open air before passage is
opened into the condensers. This latter part of our Invention is applicable
to condensing engines generally.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said James Lamb Hancock and Frederick Lamb Hancock in
the Great Seal Patent Office on the 4th December 1861.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, JAMES LAMB
HANCOCK and FREDERICK LAMB HANCOCK, Agricultural Engineers, of Penton-
ville, in the County of Middlesex, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Fourth day of June, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-one, in the twenty-fourth year of
Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto
us, the said James Lamb Hancock and Frederick Lamb Hancock, Her
special licence that we, the said James Lamb Hancock and Frederick Lamb
Hancock, our executors. administrators, and assigns, or such others as we,
the said James Lamb Hancock and Frederick Lamb Hancock, our executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others,
from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed,
should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend. within the United
Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man,
an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN IMPLEMENTS FOR PULVERIZING, PLOUGHING,
AND GRUBBING LAND, AND IN APPLYING MOTIVE POWER FOR WORKING AGRICULTURAL
IMPLEMENTS, PARTS OF WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE APPLICABLE TO CONDENSING
ENGINES," upon the condition (amongst others) that we, the said James
Lamb Hancock, and Frederick Lamb Hancock, or one of us, our executors
or administrators, by an instrument in writing under our, or their, or one
of our or their hands and seals should particularly describe and ascertain
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to
be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent
Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of
the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said James Lamb Hancock and Frederick
Lamb Hancock, do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention, and
in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described
and ascertained in and by the following statement thereof, reference being
had to the Drawings hereunto annexed, that is to say:-
Our improvements in implements consist in the following arrangements:-
First, in order to provide for ploughs, pulverizing and grubbing implements,
after having performed one course, performing on the return course without
the frame or carriage carrying the implements being turned round, we connect

page_text: the implements to a bar or bars, beam or beams, in sets in such manner that
the set of implements having acted on one course can be raised out of the soil
by a lever or otherwise, and by simply giving the bar a partial turn over, the
other set of implements may be brought so as to act on the return course, and
so on.
The implements may be of the ordinary construction, or they may be
arranged stepwise, according to Letters Patent granted to us the Eleventh
of October One thousand eight hundred and fifty-eight, No. 2261, and in
some cases we apply at the rear of the implement a double mould board
to turn a furrow on both sides of such mould board. Again, for operating
upon the soil at different depths, we connect tools stepwise to a longitudinal
oscillating beam, which tools work in conjunction with a fixed central tool
or not; we make the tools to cut in both directions, and by adjusting the
beam we regulate the depth of cut. Again, for the purpose of ploughing
in "butts" or "lands," we arrange the first shares from left to right or
vice versa, and the next in the opposite direction, and in whatever direction
the second slice or furrow is turned, the following share or shares turn-
the furrow in the same direction. On travelling the reverse course, the
shares turn the furrow in the same direction as that in which the first shares
turned it in the first course. The leading shares are adjustable. In all the
implements turnfurrows may be used.
Figure of the accompanying Drawings is a side elevation, and Figure 2,
a plan of so much of plough as will be necessary to illustrate the manner in
which we prefer carrying this part of our Invention into effect.
A, A, A, are longitudinal bars or beams, connected at their ends by cross
bars, and mounted on brackets B, B, B. about which they are free to move at
certain times, as will be hereafter explained. Each bar A is composed of two
longitudinal bars bolted together at suitable intervals, having a space between
in which the stems or rods carrying the implements are inserted. C, C¹, C²,
are these rods depending from the beams A, and carrying at bottom plough
shares D, D', D, or other implements for cultivating the soil. These shares
are made double, or with two cutting edges, as seen at Figure 2, so that they
will work in either direction backward or forward. E is a screw working in
a nut on one end of the central beam A, and bearing at bottom against the
frame of the implement; G is a handle at the upper part of the screw for
imparting motion to it; H, H, are the bearing wheels of the implement, and
I, I, are the coulters. The central rods C', with their shares D', are always
maintained at an equal depth in the ground, while the depth of the others.
C. C, is regulated by means of the screw E. Now, supposing the implement

page_text: is to be prepared to travel in the direction indicated by the arrow, the screw E
is turned so that the fore part of the beam A is raised, and with it the rod C
and share D.; the rear end of the bar is depressed, and with it the rod C and
share D. The shares D and D are now at the respective depths of, say,
1 and 12 inches, the central share being always maintained at one universal
depth, say eight inches; this can, however, be varied, if required, by increasing
or diminishing the height of the rod C' for the share D', or by the screw E
When the
for the shares D, D, according to the soil to be operated on.
implement reaches the headland, the rope from the engine by which it is pro-
pelled is disconnected from one end and connected to the other, or in any other
convenient manner; the screw E is turned, and the position or relative depth
of the shares reversed. The shafts on which the bearing wheels are mounted
are connected to turn-tables provided with steering apparatus, not shown, so
that the implement may be turned or follow the track of the furrows with
facility or the standards of the wheels may be mounted in independent sockets
with steerage levers attached. K. K. are mould boards, one only of which is
shewn hinged to the rods C. C1, C2, in such manner that they will turn in
the necessary direction as soon as the implement is in motion. Sometimes we
connect to each end of the implement just described, or on that side of it on
which the soil has been turned up in the previous course, a double mould
board or sets of mould boards. so as to turn over or "ridge up the soil pre-
viously acted on. These mould boards are connected to levers, so that one
set may be lowered while the other is raised, or they may both be raised when
not required for use.
Instead of the shares or cutting tools shown at D. D', D2, Figures 1 and 2,
we sometimes make use of shares constructed as shewn in plan and front
views respectively at Figures 3 and 4. a is the tool or cutting edge formed
with a socket at or about its centre for the reception of a stem to connect
it to the longitudinal bars A, A, A. The cutting edges are laid at, by pre-
ference, an angle of about 45° to the soil under cultivation. so that in which-
ever direction the implement is travelling, there is a cutting edge to act on the
soil. The tools being laid at the angle of 45° prevent any fouling taking
place at the implement proceeds. We prefer to form the double-edged shares
for cutting both ways of the shape shown in section at Figure 5; they are
made of rolled steel, and are cut off into given lengths, each length forming a
perfect share. When divided down the middle, each piece constitutes a
cutting face or knife, which is secured to the share by rivets or bolts, appli-
cable also to shares for general purposes.
Figure 6 is a side elevation, and Figure 7, a plan of a horse plough con-

page_text: structed according to our Invention, embracing the essential features of those
described with reference to Figures 1 and 2. Its main object is to maintain
one wheel in the last made furrow, while the other wheel is out of work. The
longitudinal beam A carries rods C and shares D, and is operated by a
screw E, as before. H, H. are the furrow wheels mounted on shafts L, L,
free to turn about each end of the frame F of the plough. The shafts L
have apertures formed in them for receiving pins M. M, which pass through
brackets N, N, on the frame into the latter; O, O, are land wheels mounted
on spindles secured to the frame F by eye bolts. Supposing the plough to be
travelling in the direction indicated by the arrow, the wheel H will be running
in the previous furrow, and the wheel H' will be raised out of work. When
the implement reaches the headland, the horses are detached from the draught
chain, and yoked to the other end of the plough, the pin M is removed from
the bracket N, and the wheel 1 is raised out of work. The wheel H is then
depressed and secured, taking the relative place of the other. One end of
the longitudinal bar is now lowered, while the other is raised through the
action of the screw E, and the plough is ready for the next course.
Our improvements in applying motive power for working agricultural
implements consist in the employment of a portable engine set upon wheels,
furnished with a reservoir for containing compressed air or gas, which is forced
into the said reservoir through pipes, tubes, or mains from a stationary
engine; or instead of the reservoir containing air or gas, it may be used as a
vacuum chamber, and the stationary engine may be made to exhaust the same
when the portable engine will be worked as a vacuum engine.
Our Invention also consists in regulating the speed of the drums for working
the ploughs or other implements by ropes or chains wound thereon by means
of clutch connections, whereby the speed may be made greater or less accord-
ing to circumstances. We provide the stationary engine for transmitting the
power to the portable engine with two or more condensers to each cylinder,
and one or more air pumps. The pump is made to act through different
tubes upon each condenser alternately, the cylinder being in connection alter-
nately with the condensers; and we provide an escape for a part of the steam,
after doing duty from the cylinder, into a chamber or into the open air before
passage is opened into the condensers. This latter part of our Invention is
applicable to condensing engines generally.
Figure 8 shows so much of a portable engine as will be necessary to illus-
trate the manner in which we prefer to regulate the speed of the drums. a, a',
are the drums on which the ropes are wound, mounted on shafts b, b', carrying
toothed wheels c, c', and h, h'; d, d', are pinions on the clutches g, g', which

page_text: are mounted on the shaft e, and f. f. are toothed wheels on the same clutches.
In the position in which the wheels are shown the drum a would be driven
at a slow rate, but to increase its speed the wheel is thrown into gear with
the wheel h. The wheels and d₁ are shown out of gear with the wheels
c', ', but when thrown in by the clutch g', a similar action will take place to
that described for the others, and the wheels d and will be out of gear with
the wheels c and h. The clutches may be worked by either levers or screws,
and the shaft e may be driven by riggers and straps, or it may be connected by
cranks to the engine.
To illustrate more clearly the manner in which we prefer applying our
motive power for working agricultural implements. we have given at Figure 9
a diagram of a farm, in which a represents the position of the stationary
engine; b, b, is a main leading round the farm, taking in its route as many
fields as practicable.
In each field where the main leads there is a supply
and stop tap, and at that particular spot where the cultivating is to take place
the windlass shown at Figure 8 is placed and secured, the engine of which is
supplied with compressed air from the engine a. c represents the position of
the windlass, with ropes leading from it to the anchors and ploughs. No
matter in what field the operations take place the supply of power is readily
maintained from the mains or their branches.
Figure 10 shows in section the manner in which we apply our condensers
to engines. a, a', are the condensers; b is the air or exhaust pump: c. c. are
tubes leading from the pump b to the condensers a, a'; d is the cylinder, the
ports and valves connected with which are arranged and work in the ordinary
manner; e, e, are passages, one at top, and the other at bottom of the
cylinder d, by which steam passes to the condensers. The piston at its up
stroke passes somewhat above the upper passage e, so as to allow steam to pass
to the condenser a, while the engine crank is on its centre. A similar effect
takes place on the condenser a at its down stroke, where the piston descends
sufficiently low to allow the steam which has driven it down to escape to the
condenser a¹, and so on alternately. The effect of the arrangement is as
follows: The ports or passages of the cylinder allow the first "flush" of
steam to enter the condenser a. for example, which has just finished the stroke;
the connection is then opened from the cylinder to the condenser a', which
effects the reverse stroke, and so on; this takes place when the piston has
descended sufficiently to open the port e'. g. g, are valves, one at bottom and
the other at top of the cylinder d; these valves are covered by caps h, h, and
are so arranged that when the steam in the cylinder attains a certain pressure
it escapes through them instead of going to the condenser. This is effected
i

page_text: The
by means of a valve i placed in the pipe leading from the cap h, and worked
by an eccentric on the engine, so that it opens and closes at each stroke of the
piston before the ports c, e¹, are opened by the action of the latter.
valves g. g. arc weighted, and when the pressure of the steam in the cylinder
exceeds the power they exert, it passes into the cap h, and issuing through the
valve i, is blown off or led to some suitable receptacle. The action of the
valves g. g. prevents any air returning to the cylinder: the upper valve opens
before the piston reaches the port e' at the bottom of the cylinder, but not
before the connection of the steam is cut off from the boiler, and vice versa.
for the up stroke.
And having now described the nature of our said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, we declare that we-claim as our improve-
ments in implements for pulverizing, ploughing, and grubbing land, and in
applying motive power for working agricultural implements, parts of which
improvements are applicable to condensing engines.
First, the construction of implements for pulverising, ploughing, and
grubbing land with a bar or bars, beam or beams, carrying shares or other
implements, in manner and for the purposes herein-before described with
reference to the accompanying Drawings.
Second, the construction of tools to cut in both directions, as herein-before
described.
Third, the employment in portable engines of a reservoir as a vacuum
chamber or for containing compressed air or gas led to it through pipes, tubes,
or mains from a stationary engine, for the purpose herein-before described.
Fourth, regulating the speed at which the drums revolve for communicating
power to agricultural implements by means of clutch connections, substantially
in manner herein-before described with reference to Figure 8 of the accom-
panying Drawings.
Fifth, the construction of condensing engines. in manner and for the
purposes herein-before described.
In witness whereof, I, the said James Lamb Hancock, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Fourth day of December. in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-one.
JAMES L. HANCOCK. (L.S.)