IMPROVEMENTS IN SIZE, AND FINISHING YARN WHEN SIZED
Year: 1874

page_text: · LETTERS PATENT to Shadrach Rawsthorne, of Preston, in the 'County
of Lancaster, Manufacturer, and John Hartley, of the same Place,
Manager, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN SIZE, AND FINISHING
YARN WHEN SIZED."
Sealed the 3rd July 1874, and dated the 6th January 1874.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Shadrach Rawsthorne
and John Hartley at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 6th January 1874.
We, SHADRACH RAWSTHORNE, of Preston, in the County of Lancaster,
Manufacturer, and JOHN HARTLEY, of the same Place, Manager, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
SIZE, AND FINISHING YARN WHEN SIZED," to be as follows:-
Our Invention relates to the size used in sizing yarn or fabrics, and
the laying of fibre after sizing. We take forty pounds of sago and add
ten pounds of flour, one pound of parafine or white wax, two pounds of
tallow, two pounds of soap, two ounces of French chalk, one gill of
boiled oil, and ten gallons of boiling water, well stirred together until
the whole is dissolved, and used in the same way as in ordinary. These

page_text: These proportions w
of yarn or fabric.
We likewise for certain purposes use farina or china clay in place of
or in combination with the flour and sago before-mentioned.
After the yarn is sized we place immediately behind the finishing 5
roller a splitting rod which divides the yarn and acts in place of brushes
for laying the fibre of the yarn.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Shadrach Rawsthorne and John Hartley in the
Great Seal Patent Office on the 6th July 1874.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, SHADRACH
RAWSTHORNE, of Preston, in the County of Lancaster, Manufacturer,
and John Hartley, of the same Place, Manager, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Sixth day of January, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-four, in the thirty-
eighth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give
and grant unto us, the said Shadrach Rawsthorne and John Hartley, Her
special licence that we, the said Shadrach Rawsthorne and John Hartley,
our executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as we, the said
Shadrach Rawsthorne and John Hartley, our executors, administrators,
and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to
time and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed,
should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and
Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN SIZE, AND FINISHING YARN
WHEN SIZED," upon the condition (amongst others) that we, the said
Shadrach Rawsthorne and John Hartley, our executors or admini-
strators, by an instrument in writing under our, or their, or one of their
hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of
the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed,
and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said Shadrach Rawsthorne and John
Hartley, do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement :-
Our Invention relates to certain improvements in a mixture or com-
bination of matter for sizing yarn or fabrics, and consists of the following
materials in these proportions:-To forty pounds of sago add ten pounds
of flour, ten gallons of water, one pound of parafine or white wax, two
pounds of tallow, two pounds of soap, two ounces of French chalk, and
one gill or a little more of mixed boiled linseed and castor oils. These
materials are all boiled together and well mixed, and applied in the
usual way. But the proportions may and will have to be varied to suit
the different kinds of yarn or fabrics.
In place of sago, as before-mentioned, we can and may substitute flour,
but where weight is not required we use farina, and where the material
is very common or required to be cheaply sized we use China clay.
In the second part of our Invention we place imediately behind the
finishing roller a splitting rod or roller for dividing the yarn while
warm and just at leaving the finishing roller. This splitting rod or
roller we keep in gentle motion by a small pully (and band) driven
from any convenient shaft or driver. This rod or roller has the effect of
laying the fibre of the yarn or fabric and giving it a glossy or callendered
surface; it likewise adds strength by bringing it more adhesively
together and will bear greater strain in the loom, thereby enabling the
weaver to get more picks to the inch than has ever been obtained before.
Yarn so prepared will work easily through the heald and reeds, con-
sequently not cause the same wear and tear to such, and very much less
yarn will be broken; there will likewise be much less frictional
obstruction to the passage of the shuttle in weaving, and the weaver
will be able to get more cloth off of a better quality, so prove a benefit
to weaver and employer.
Having described the nature of our Invention and the chief materials
used therein, we desire it to be distinctly understood that we do not
confine ourselves to the precise details nor quantities herein specified as
we shall be compele to vary a little and to add to for different kinds of
materials, as for a greater adheisveness, a little gelatine and isinglass;
and to soften, a little glycerine, gumguacum, neatsfoot, or cocoa-nut oil,

page_text: or spermacitie. But what we claim as secured to us is the improve-
ments in sizing yarn by the mixture composed of the several materials
herein set forth, and the splitting rod or roller for laying the fibre and
callendering the material, substantialy as and for the purposes herin
set forth.
In witness whereof, we, the said Shadrach Rawsthorne and John
Hartley, have hereunto set our hands and seals, this Third day of
July, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and
seventy-four.
Witness,
JOHN LEWIS,
Engineer & Patent,
Preston,
Lancashire.
JOHN HARTLEY. (L.S.)