Im- PROVEMENTS IN THE PREPARATION OF PHOTOGRAPHS AND OTHER PRINTS FOR Square
Year: 1872

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Robert Faulkner, of No. 46, Kensington Garden
Square, in the County of Middlesex, for the Invention of "Im-
PROVEMENTS IN THE PREPARATION OF PHOTOGRAPHS AND OTHER PRINTS FOR
Square, in the County of Middlesex, for the Invention of “Im-
PROVEMENTS IN THE PREPARATION OF PHOTOGRAPHS AND OTHER PRINTS FOR
COLOURING."
Sealed the 29th November 1872, and dated the 30th May 1872.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Robert Faulkner at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
30th May 1872.
I, ROBERT FAULKNER, of No. 46, Kensington Garden Square, in the
County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said In-
vention for “IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PREPARATION OF PHOTOGRAPHS AND OTHER
PRINTS FOR COLOURING," to be as follows :-
The object of my Invention is to obtain an artistic effect in photo-
graphs, whether taken direct or enlargements, either on plain or albu-
menized paper or carbon prints, portraits, landscapes, architectural

page_text: designs, and other subjects, by obtaining by indentation on different
parts of the picture surfaces more or less roughened or granulated which
can take tints with greater richness and variety than can be obtained on
the usually smooth and uniform surface.
One method of effecting this is as follows:-I place a sheet of emery,
glass, or pumice paper, or paper otherwise roughened or granulated, or
linen, in contact with the picture to be operated on, and subject them
to pressure, either by passing them between rollers or in any press of
known construction. If it is desirable that certain portions of the picture
should be protected from the roughening action I either cut or scrape out
these parts in the roughened paper, or I place pieces of thin smooth paper,
or thin sheet india-rubber, gelatine, or collodion film (which is sometimes
called collodion leather), gold beaters' skin, or other suitable material,
on those parts of the picture which are to be protected and then apply
the pressure. By this means the picture acquires a granulated surface
which will take colour very readily. This colour may be merely a variety
of the colour of the picture itself, or other tints may be used according
to the taste of the artist, either in chalk, water, or oil. For vignettes,
particularly, this method gives the background a granulated surface,
which can hold colour and present a perfectly stipled effect, and this effect
can be heightened according to the taste and judgment of the artist,
and the requirements of the picture.
This stipled effect can be varied according to the size and grain of the
paper or other substance employed for producing it, and the pressure
may be repeated several times if desired. The picture when finished
may be rolled or pressed to give it smoothness.
Another method is as follows:- I take fine emery or glass powder, or
ground silex, pumice, or other similar powder, or filings of metal, and
cover those parts of the picture which are required to be acted upon,
and then I subject it to pressure; paper, cardboard, millboard, or sheet
metal being placed over the picture before pressure is applied. After
pressure the powder is dusted off, and colour can be applied to the
granulated surface produced by its impression. In applying the powder
very little care is necessary, because should the powder overlap any part
not requiring granulation no injury will result to the picture, the grain
being rendered visible only when colour is applied to it.

page_text: Instead of dusting on the powder it may be made into a paste and laid
with the brush over the parts of the picture to be acted upon, after
which the pressure is applied. By this mode of procedure the surface
can be prepared well when powerful effects are desired, and often it is
desirable to mix colouring matter with this paste.
The paste may be made with water, alcohol, ether, benzole, or any
liquid which will not injure the photograph; but no gummy or other-
wise adhesive substance should be used, otherwise the powder could not
be removed after the pressure has been applied.
For some effects it is desirable that the powder should remain on the
surface. In such cases I serve the picture with a solution of gelatine or
other adhesive substance, and while this is moist I sift the powder over it.
When dry the superfluous dust is shaken off. This process is peculiarly
applicable to carbon prints when just developed.
When it is desirable to have a surface presenting greater regularity or
a lined effect, engraved plates or rollers, such as are employed for
embossing fabrics, may be employed for pressing the picture, and the
colour can then be applied to such parts of the lined surface as may be
desired. In this case also the parts where a lined effect is not desired
may be protected by pieces of thin sheet or film before pressure.
It will be evident that my before-described Invention may also be
applied with advantage for preparing the surfaces of water colour drawings
for receiving tints.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Robert Faulkner in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 29th November 1872.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, ROBERT
FAULKNER, of No. 46, Kensington Gardens Square, in the County of
Middlesex, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Thirtieth day of May, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-two, in the thirty-fifth

page_text: year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and
grant unto me, the said Robert Faulkner, Her special license that I, the
said Robert Faulkner, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such
others as I, the said Robert Faulkner, my executors, administrators,
and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to
time and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should
and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United
Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle
of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PREPARATION OF PHOTO-
GRAPHS AND OTHER PRINTS FOR COLOURING," upon the condition (amongst
others) that I, the said Robert Faulkner, my executors or administrators,
by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands
and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the
said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed,
and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Robert Faulkner, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement thereof, that is to say:
-
The object of my Invention is to obtain an artistic effect in photo-
graphs, whether taken direct or enlargements, either on plain or albu-
menized paper, or carbon prints, portraits, landscapes, architectural
designs, and other subjects, by obtaining by indentation on different
parts of the picture surfaces more or less roughened or granulated which
can take tints with greater richness and variety than can be obtained on
the usually smooth and uniform surface.
One method of effecting this is as follows:-I place a sheet of emery,
glass, or pumice paper, or paper otherwise roughened or granulated, or
linen in contact with the picture to be operated on, and subject them to
pressure, either by passing them between rollers or in any press of known
construction.
In effecting this process I prefer to lay the print or other subject with
its back to the roughened surface, and on the face of the print to place
blotting paper or other yielding material of like character, and then

page_text: subject the whole to pressure. It is advantageous to damp the print in
the first place, so that it more readily takes the impression of the inden-
tations. If it is desirable that certain portions of the picture should be
protected from the roughening action, I either cut or scrape out these
parts in the roughened paper, or I place pieces of thin smooth paper, or
thin sheet india-rubber, gelatine, or collodion film (which is sometimes
called collodion leather), gold beaters' skin, or other suitable material on
those parts of the picture which are to be protected, and then apply the
pressure, or when no part of the picture has been thus protected, the
indentations made on any part may be afterwards obliterated by means of
a burnisher. By this means the picture acquires a granulated surface
which will take colour very readily. This colour may be merely a
variety of the colour of the picture itself, or other tints may be used,
according to the taste of the artist, either in chalk, water, or oil. For
vignettes, particularly, this method gives the back ground a granulated
surface, which can hold colour and present a perfectly stippled effect,
and this effect can be heightened according to the taste and judgment
of the artist, and the requirements of the picture.
This stippled effect can be varied according to the size and grain of
the paper or other substance employed for producing it, and the pressure
may be repeated several times if desired. The picture when finished
may be rolled or pressed to give it smoothness.
Another method is as follows:-I take fine emery or glass powder, or
ground silex, pumice, or other similar powder, or filings of metal, and
cover those parts of the picture which are required to be acted upon,
and then I subject it to pressure, paper, cardboard, millboard, or sheet
metal being placed over the picture before pressure is applied. After
pressure the powder is dusted off, and colour can be applied to the
granulated surface produced by its impression. In applying the powder
very little care is necessary, because should the powder overlap any part
not requiring granulation no injury will result to the picture, the grain
being rendered visible only when colour is applied to it; or instead of
applying the powder to the face of the picture it may be dusted on the
back thereof before the pressure is applied.
Instead of dusting on the powder it may be made into a paste and laid
with the brush over the parts of the picture to be acted upon, and when

page_text: dry the pressure is applied. By this mode of procedure the surface can
be prepared well when powerful effects are desired, and often it is
desirable to mix colouring matter with this paste.
The paste may be made with water, alcohol, ether, benzole, or any
liquid which will not injure the photograph; but no gummy or other-
wise adhesive substance should be used, otherwise the powder could not
be removed after the pressure has been applied.
For some effects it is desirable that the powder should remain on the
surface. In such cases I serve the picture with a solution of gelatine or
other adhesive substance, and while this is moist I sift the powder over
it. When dry the superfluous dust is shaken off.
This process is
peculiarly applicable to carbon prints when just developed.
When it is desirable to have a surface presenting greater regularity or
a lined effect, engraved plates or rollers, such as are employed for
embossing fabrics, may be employed for pressing the picture, and the
colour can then be applied to such parts of the lined surface as may be
desired. In this case also the parts, where a lined effect is not desired,
may be protected by pieces of thin sheet or film before pressure.
It will be evident that my before-described Invention may also be
applied with advantage for preparing the surfaces of watercolour draw-
ings for receiving tints.
Photographs or prints prepared as above described are thus rendered
fit for the reception particularly of dry colours, such as chalks, crayons,
pastiles, and the like, or pigments applied in the powdered form. For
backgrounds of photographs a mineral grey, either in powder or made
up into crayon, will be found especially suitable. When the colour is
darker than desirable it may be lightened by rubbing with bread, glass
paper, or ink eraser. After colours or shades have been applied the sur-
face may be again indented as above described, either for the purpose of
heightening the effect of the tints already applied or in order to render
it susceptible of farther tinting or shading.
Having thus described the nature of my Invention, and the manner
in which the same is to be performed, I would have it understood that
I make no claim for the production of roughened paper generally on
which drawings are to be made; but I claim the methods substantially

page_text: as herein described of roughening by indentation those parts of the
surfaces of photographs and other prints on smooth paper to which it is
desired to apply colour or shading.
In witness whereof, I, the said Robert Faulkner, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Twenty-eighth day of November, in
the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-
two.
ROBERT FAULKNER. (L.S.)