IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS TO DESTROY THE EFFECTS OF SHOCKS
Year: 1854

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to André Louis Mallet, of Rue de la Pepiniére, No. 52,
in Paris, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS TO DESTROY
THE EFFECTS OF SHOCKS."
Sealed the 28th April 1854, and dated the 28th February 1854.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said André Louis Mallet
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
28th February 1854.
I, ANDRE LOUIS MALLET, of Rue de la Pepiniére, No. 52, in Paris, do
hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS TO
DESTROY THE EFFECTS OF SHOCKS" to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in an apparatus consisting of a plunger or solid
piston which passes through a cupped leather into a chamber which contains
sufficient liquid to completely cover the end of the plunger (which works hori-
zontally), and which is thus kept tight; the space in the chamber above the
level of the liquid contains air or gas, which is compressed by forcing in
the plunger, and which it again forces out when the pressure is removed.
In the side of the chamber is a valve, through which the liquid and the air
or gas is forced into the chamber by means of a force pump when the chamber
requires replenishing.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said André Louis Mallet in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 25th August 1854.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, ANDRÉ
LOUIS MALLET, of Rue de la Pepinière, No. 52, in Paris, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-eighth day of February, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-four,-in. the seventeenth year of
Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said André Louis Mallet, Her special licence that I, the said André
Louis Mallet, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as
I, the said André Louis Mallet, my executors, administrators, and assigns,
should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all
times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS TO DESTROY THE EFFECTS OF SHOCKS," upon the con-
dition (amongst others) that I, the said André Louis Mallet, by an instrument
in writing under my hand and seal, should-particularly describe and ascertain
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be
performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office
within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said
Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said André Louis Mallet, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
'statement thereof (that is to say) :-
My Invention consists in an 'apparatus consisting of a plunger or solid piston
which passes through a cupped leather into a chamber which contains sufficient
liquid to completely cover the end of the plunger, which works horizontally,
and which is thus kept tight. The space in the chamber above the level of
the liquid contains air or gas, which is compressed by forcing in the plunger,
and which it again forces out when the pressure is removed.
In the side of the chamber is a valve, through which the liquid and the air
or gas is forced into the chamber by means of a force pump when the chamber
requires replenishing. And in order that my said Invention may be most fully
understood, and readily carried into effect, I will proceed to describe the
Drawing hereunto annexed.

page_text: DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING.
A is a solid or hollow plunger, on which is formed at one end four projec-
tions B. C is a chamber, which is filled with oil or other liquid to the level
indicated by the dotted line, and this chamber is sufficiently large to contain
the liquid when the plunger is forced back into the chamber. In this chamber
C there is formed at D, D, a circular opening, sufficiently large for the passage
of the plunger A with its projections B, and which, when inserted, is retained
by the disc E. Beyond this disc E there is inserted in the cylindrical mouth
F, F, of the chamber C a cupped leather G, G, which is retained in position
by the cover H, which is attached to the chamber C by bolts and nuts. In
the cover H is contained a split ring of brass I, through which the plunger
works, and the position of this ring can be adjusted by the screws K. L is a
valve through which the oil and air are forced into the chamber C from time
to time, as required.
Having thus described the nature of my Invention, and the manner of
performing the same, I would remark that the apparatus above described may
with great advantage be applied as buffers to railway carriages, and also in
other cases in which the effects of sudden shocks should be avoided; and I
would further remark, that I do not confine myself to the exact details de-
scribed. But what I claim is, the combining of apparatus for resisting shocks,
consisting of a plunger, which, on receiving a shock, is forced into a chamber
containing both air or gas, and liquid.
In witness whereof, I, the said André Louis Mallet, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Nineteenth day of August, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-four.
Itness,
M. Hammare
2, Rue Drouot,
Paris.
ANDRÉ LOUIS MALLET. (L.S.)