IMPROVEMENTS IN TELEGRAPHY AND IN APPARATUS TO BE USED THEREFOR.
Year: 1870

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Augusto Guattari, of Castellammare, in the
Kingdom of Italy, but now residing at Gloucester Street, Warwick
Square, in the County of Middlesex, for the Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN TELEGRAPHY AND IN APPARATUS TO BE USED THEREFOR.
"
"
IMPROVEMENTS IN TELEGRAPHY AND IN APPARATUS TO BE USED THEREFOR.'
"
Sealed the 25th November 1870, and dated the 30th June 1870.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Augusto Guattari at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 30th June 1870.
I, AUGUSTO GUATTARI, of Castellammare, in the Kingdom of Italy,
but now residing at Gloucester Street, Warwick Square, in the County
of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN TELEGRAPHY AND IN APPARATUS TO BE USED THEREFOR,"
to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in certain arrangements and combinations
of apparatus whereby the action of atmospheric air is utilised and
employed as the means of communicating intelligence and signals
from one given point to another.

page_text: The principal portion of the apparatus consists of a reservoir or air
vessel which is charged or filled with air compressed to any desired
degree according to the initial velocity or force which it is requisite
the movements of the air employed should possess. A double action
compression pump or any other suitable mechanism may be employed
to charge the reservoir or air vessel and to sustain the pressure to the
required degree. The reservoir or air vessel is connected by means of a
tube or pipe with a writing apparatus of any suitable description and
such as are well known and understood, especially in connection with
electro-telegraphy, the tube or pipe being provided with a cock whereby
more or less force may be given to the current of air by which the
writing mechanism is actuated. In order to regulate the signals a
governor or piston is employed, the same being actuated by hand
and by which pulsations or movements of the air in the tube or pipe
are transmitted through a valve which is arranged therein, thereby
actuating a lever connected with the writing apparatus. For the
purpose of giving or receiving signals the before mentioned tube or
pipe is connected with a conducting tube or pipe constructed of any
suitable material, and which is so arranged that communication can be
established between the air reservoir or vessel and the writing engine
which is placed at the receiving station, or vice versa, by means of stop-
cocks which are worked by hand. An indicator is employed to shew
the force of the current of air passing through the transmitting tube or
pipe. Similar arrangements are of course placed and employed at each
end of the line of communication.
By means of this Invention intelligence and signals can be transmitted
to any distance, any of the known receiving and recording instruments
capable of being used in connection therewith being employed.
It is obvious that any number of conducting tubes may be employed,
the requisite currents or pulsations of air therein being produced, as
before mentioned.

page_text: No. 13, Elisabeth Terrace, Islington, in the County of Middlesex, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Thirtieth day of June, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy, in the thirty-
fourth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give
and grant unto me, the said Augusto Guattari, Her special licence, that
I, the said Augusto Guattari, my executors, administrators, and assigns,
or such others as I, the said Augusto Guattari, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no.
others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
TELEGRAPHY," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said.
Augusto Guattari,
executors or administrators, by an instrument in
writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should
particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and
in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same
to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months
next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Augusto Guattari, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manuer the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by.
the following statement and accompanying Drawings, that is to say :—
My Invention consists in certain contrivances by which the elastic
force of air or other gases can be regulated and controlled in such a
manner as to be used instead of other forces to operate at greater or
lesser distances, that is, to transmit signals, and particularly to set in
motion writing, signalling, or printing instruments, and in contrivances
also by which I cause these forces to operate for the required object.
The principal organ of such an apparatus is a reservoir a for com-
pressed air or gas of a tension dependent from the initial pressure
required. The reservoir is provided with a double-acting forcing pump h
worked by hand or other motor to form the full, and maintain the elastic
body at the required tension for signalling.
'
The reservoir is placed in communication with a writing, pointing, or
printing instrument of whatever kind, analogous to those used for the

page_text: electric or galvano-magnetic telegraphy by means of a conducting pipe
made of india-rubber, lead, or of any other suitable material.
In the transmitting instrument a cock d is placed to give the current
more or less power, which cock we shall call the first regulator; in fact
the diameter of its opening is divided into millimeters, which are marked
with corresponding numbers on a plate c placed above it in order to
enable the operator to regulate the current with perfect accuracy and
certainty.
To regulate the intervals of the indications a kind of key or handle e
is placed on the main conducting pipe and within easy reach, which can 1
be different according to the different form of instrument which is
adopted, as, for instance, one analogous to that of Wheatstone, or Brequet,
or Hughes, or Morse, or any other.
The escape of the air or other elastic fluid is thus regulated by this
system of cocks, which after long studies and calculations I have suc- 1
ceeded in arranging so that by their opposed position they prevent all
insuflation and produce the required pulsatory and powerful effect.
These cocks d, e, control the air in such a manner as to render the
required quantity of compressed air tractable and subject to the will of
the operator. The opening of the first regulator cock d allows a greater 2
or smaller quantity of air to issue as registered by the numbers on the
plate. The compressed air rushes then against the plug of cock e and
gives the required emission again regulated by the pressure upon the
handle moved by the hand.
The key or handle when in motion produces at proper intervals the
required jet of elastic fluid into the conducting pipe in such quantity as
is necessary to signal or print by whatever instrument is adopted at the
receiving station, which effect will be obtained by one or more valves
fitted in the receiving instrument at the other end of the pipe. This
valve or valves set the anchor and clockwork in motion and thus ;
produce a series of signals, indications, marks, and impressions according
to the different instruments employed.
.
Only one valve is required to work instruments, known as Morse's.
For other systems as are used in general telegraphy more than one valve
is required to regulate the indication or the printing of the signals
and the starting or stopping of the movements of the mechanisms
constituting the receiving instruments.

page_text: To receive and send back messages another pipe with two branches is
added to the conducting pipe, which is called the deviating pipe f. One
branch puts the reservoir in communication with the instrument at
the opposite station (No. 2), the other branch fƒ, the reservoir of the
opposite station with the instrument at the station No. 1, and by means
of two cocks applied to those pipes the one or the other communication is
established at will.
In the event that a message were to be forwarded to a distance beyond
the power of the reservoir at station No. 1, the operator may call on one
or more intermediate stations to give a reinforcing or translating current
by opening one or more translating cocks, as the case may be, to let free
a quantity of compressed air, which being added to that of the reservoir
near the operator will suffice to push the signals to the required distance.
That air is regulated by means of valves acting after the impulsion they
receive from the handle in the hands of the operator.
There is on the said deviating pipe also an indicator g to mark the
tension of the transmitting or receiving current which contains a spiral
acted upon by the initial pressure and serves to indicate if there is
dispersion of the current or leakage in the pipes.
For short distances the same results as by the system of compression
can be obtained by simple impulsion and repulsion used on the atmo-
spheric air or other elastic fluid in its normal state, doing away altogether
with the compression or condensing pump and the reservoir, substituting
for it an elastic ball, a pair of bellows, or any other hand instrument of
compression which pressing the air through the transmitting instrument
swells a membrane or diaphragm in the receiving instrument and
causes a shaft to act and produce the same effect as the valve above
mentioned for the marking of the messages.
Both in this and in the other systems alarum bells are attached to call
attention from the receiving party. The last described system is of
course very useful for short distances, as, for instance, domestic uses,
offices, mines, mercantile and government ships, in which latter case
it is much preferable to any other hitherto in use to transmit com-
munications of any character and in endless variety by means of this
simple, clear, and infallible system from the captain's deck to any part
of the ship, and vice versa, doing away with the complicated and still
very limited system of bells, speaking tubes, and air pumps, mechanical
telegraphs, and others now in use.

page_text: And whereas I have also become aware of certain errors of omission
in my said Specification referring mainly to the working of the improved
apparatus, and of some slight inaccuracies which occur in the Drawing
and render it somewhat difficult to follow out the action of the appa-
ratus, more especially as no direct reference is made to the Figures of the
Drawing; I therefore, in order to render the Specification in all respects
clear and to remove all grounds for objection that may be urged against
its sufficiency, amend the same by the insertion of the following cor-
rections, which will convey my original meaning; and I also substitute
for the filed Drawing a corrected Drawing, which will the better accord
with the Amended Specification, that is to say :—
At page 3 of the printed Specification, line 33, I strike out the word
"from" and substitute therefor the word "on." At line 35 I strike out
the words "form the full" and substitute the word "provide." After
line 2, page 4, I insert the following:-" In the accompanying Drawing
I have shewn in several Figures my improved apparatus for trans-
mitting by means of compressed air motion to the indicator of a
telegraph instrument, a Morse printing instrument being in connection
therewith to illustrate the action of the same. Fig. 1 is a longitudinal
elevation of the improved apparatus; Figures 2, 3, 4, and 5 represent
the air conducting pipe and its fittings used for putting the reservoir
in communication with the receiving printing telegraphic instrument;
and Figures 6 and 7 shew in side elevation and plan view a Morse
instrument adapted to work in connection with this Invention." At
line 6, after the words "on a plate c," I insert "shewn detached at
Fig. 8." At line 9, for the words "intervals of the," I substitute
escape of the air in pulsations, and thereby to transmit the required."
At line 10, after the words." within easy reach," I insert "of the fingers
of the operator. This key, which is shewn in end view at Fig. 2 and
in side view at Fig. 3, serves to depress a spring plug e¹ that works in
a cylinder e³ coupled at opposite sides with the air-conducting pipe.
The plug is bored to correspond with the bore of the air pipe, and
while sustained by its spring the plug closes the conducting pipe. The
plug carries a pin, which bears against the under side of the key e, and
the depression of this key brings the bore of the plug into coincidence
with the bore of the conducting pipe." I also strike out from the
words "which can," line 10, to the words " or any other" at the end of
the paragraph. At line 33, after the words "known as Morse's," I
"

page_text: :-
insert the following: "This valve is shewn at h, Fig. 6, and in the
detached view, Fig. 6*. It is fitted with a stem, which acts on the
under side of the hinged piece that carries the style or marker. As
this valve his lifted from its seat by the impulse of the jet of air it
will carry up the style and cause it to press the travelling band of
paper against the inker of the Morse instrument." At page 5 I strike
out the paragraph beginning at line 8 and ending at line 15. I also
strike out from line 20 to the end of the Specification, which will then
stand as follows:-
My Invention consists in certain contrivances by which the elastic
force of air or other gases can be regulated and controlled in such a
manner as to be used instead of other forces to operate at greater or
lesser distances, that is, to transmit signals and particularly to set in
motion writing, signalling, or printing instruments, and in contrivances
also by which I cause these forces to operate for the required object.
The principal organ of such an apparatus is a reservoir a for com-
pressed air or gas of a tension dependent on the initial pressure required.
The reservoir is provided with a double-acting forcing pump h, worked
by hand or other motor to provide and maintain the elastic body at the
required tension for signalling.
The reservoir is placed in communication with a writing, pointing, or
printing instrument of whatever kind, analogous to those used for the
electric or galvano-magnetic telegraphy by means of a conducting pipe
made of india-rubber, lead, or of any other suitable material.
In the accompanying Drawing I have shewn in several Figures my
improved apparatus for transmitting by means of compressed air motion
to the indicator of a telegraphic instrument, a Morse printing instrument
being in connection therewith to illustrate the action of the same. Fig. 1
is a longitudinal elevation of the improved apparatus; Figures 2, 3, 4,
and 5, represent the air conducting pipe and its fittings used for putting
the reservoir in communication with the receiving printing telegraphic
instrument; and Figures 6 and 7 shew in side elevation and plan view
a Morse instrument adapted to work in connection with this Invention.
·
In the transmitting instrument a cock d is placed to give the current
5 more or less power, which cock we shall call the first regulator; in fact
the diameter of its opening is divided into millimeters, which are marked
with corresponding numbers on a plate c, (shewn detached at Fig. 8,)

page_text: placed above it in order to enable the operator to regulate the current
with perfect accuracy and certainty.
To regulate the escape of the air in pulsations and thereby to transmit
the required indications, a kind of key or handle e is placed on the main
conducting pipe, and within easy reach of the finger of the operator.
This key, which is shewn in end view at Fig. 2, and in side view at
Fig. 3, serves to depress a spring plug e¹, that works in a cylinder e³,
coupled at opposite sides with the air conducting pipe. The plug is
and
A
bored to correspond with the bore of the air pipe while sustained by its
spring the plug closes the conducting pipe. The plug carries a pin which
bears against the under side of the key e, and the depression of this key
brings the bore of the plug into coincidence with the bore of the
conducting pipe.
The escape of the air or other elastic fluid is thus regulated by this
system of cocks, which after long studies and calculations I have suc-
ceeded in arranging, so that by their opposed position they prevent all
insuflation and produce the required pulsatory and powerful effect.
These cocks d, e, control the air in such a manner as to render the required
quantity of compressed air tractable and subject to the will of the
operator. The opening of the first regulator cock d allows a greater or
smaller quantity of air to issue as registered by the numbers on the
plate. The compressed air rushes then against the plug of cock e, and
gives the required emission again regulated by the pressure upon the
handle moved by the hand.
The key or handle when in motion produces at proper intervals the
required jet of elastic fluid into the conducting pipe in such quantity as
is necessary to signal or print by whatever instrument is adopted at the
receiving station, which effect will be obtained by one or more valves
fitted in the receiving instrument at the other end of the pipe. This
valve or valves set the anchor and clockwork in motion, and thus produce
a series of signals, indications, marks, and impressions according to the
different instruments employed.
Only one valve is required to work instruments known as Morse's.
This valve is shewn at h, Fig. 6, and in the detached view, Fig. 6*. It
is fitted with a stem which acts on the under side of the hinged piece
that carries the style or marker. As this valve h is lifted from its seat

page_text: by the impulse of the jet of air it will carry up the style, and cause it to
press the travelling band of paper against the inker of the Morse instru-
ment. For other systems as are used in general telegraphy more than
one valve is required to regulate the indication or the printing of the
signals, and the starting or stopping of the movements of the mechanisms
constituting the receiving instruments.
To receive and send back messages another pipe with two branches is
added to the conducting pipe, which is called the deviating pipe f. One
branch puts the reservoir in communication with the instrument at
the opposite station (No. 2); the other branch f* the reservoir of the
opposite station with the instrument at the station No. 1, and by means
of two cocks applied to those pipes the one or the other communication
is established at will.
There is on the said deviating pipe also an indicator g to mark the
tension of the transmitting or receiving current, which contains a spiral
acted upon by the initial pressure, and serves to indicate if there is
dispersion of the current or leakage in the pipes.
In witness whereof, I, the said Augusto Guattari, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, the Sixth day of May, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-two.
AUGUSTO GUATTARI. (L.8.)
To the Commissioners for Patents for Inventions.
I hereby grant my fiat giving leave to the above-named Augusto
Guattari to file in the Great Seal Patent Office, with the Specifi-
cation to which the same relates, the above-written Disclaimer and
Memorandum of Alteration.
I hereby grant my fiat giving leave to the above-named Augusto
Guattari to file in the Great Seal Patent Office, with the Specifi-
cation to which the same relates, the above-written Disclaimer and
Memorandum of Alteration.