Improvements in Elastic or Flexible Linings with Means for Securing the same, applicable to the Parts of Harness and to Seats and other Articles.
Year: 1892

page_text: Date of Application, 19th Sept., 1892
Complete Specification Left, 19th June, 1893-Accepted, 19th Oct., 1893
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Elastic or Flexible Linings with Means for Securing
the same, applicable to the Parts of Harness and to Seats and
other Articles.
We RICHARD HORSLEY of No. 4 King Alfred Place Broad Street Commercial
Traveller and ALFRED WEBB of No. 10 Lime Avenue Allens Road Winson
Green Manufacturer both of the City of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick
do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
Our invention relates to improvements in elastic or flexible lining with improved
means for securing them to the collars, saddles, and other parts of the harness for
draught and other horses and for other purposes.
We will desceribe our invention as applied to horses collars saddles and any other
part of the harness in which the elastic or flexible lining is placed.
For this purposes we provide a case or cover for the collar, saddle or other parts
which is formed of india rubber, leather, cloth vulcanite, paper mache, iron steel, or
any other suitable material metallic or other wise and is of such shape and
dimensions suitable to any part of the harness in which elastic or flexible lining
are to be secured.
In forming or making the elastic or pneumatic lining we provide one or more
hollow tubes of india rubber or canvas inflated with air or gas under pressure or
we may use any kind of liquid for the purposes of inflateing or expanding the tubes,
and surrounded with cloth, canvas, or suitable material adapted to withstand the
internal pressure of the compressed air or gas contained within the hollow tubes.
An important feature of our said invention consists in securing the elastic lining
in the case or cover which are forced in the said case or cover by presure, the case
or cover being formed with the edges turned to the inside to prevent the lining
getting loose.
Or we can secure the lining to the case or cover by means of two bands or wires
one at or near each edge of the collar, saddle, or any other part of the harness.
For this purposes we provide a separate cover which is formed of india rubber
cloth or other suitable material and is of such shape and dimensions that it will
fold over the collar, saddle, and other parts and entirely round the same.
Or a pipe passage or channel for the reception of a band, wire, cord or the like
whereby the said cover when placed over the lining is secured upon the case of the
collar or saddle or other parts in such a manner that it will hold the lining thereon
in a very efficient manner or in place of the separate cover we form on the lining or
attached thereto suitable projections or wings each of which has formed at the outer
edge thereof a tubler enlargement or a pipe passage or channel for the reception of a
band wire or cord for the purpose above specified we find it adventageous to provie
at each side of the case or cover suitable sets or grooves to receive and sepport the
tubler or channeled portions of the said cover or wings through which the bands
are passed. These sets or grooves may be extensions of the edges of the case or
cover. Or thay may be secured to the said case or cover in any convenient manner.
Thay are suitable shaped in transverse section to fit the said tubular portions of the
cover or wings-the said tubular or channeled portions of the cover or wings may
be either above or below the ring formed with the sets or grooves as above
mentioned. Our said invention is also applicable to saddles for cycles bicycles,
tricycles, and other velocipedes whether made of india rubber or other elastic or
flexible materal.
Our said invention is very advantageously applicable to all hollow cushions and

page_text: fittings such for example as pneumatic cushions for the seats of railway carriages
and seates for all other vehicles and elastic linings for the same, and also for the
seats and other parts of furniture and for other purposes.
Dated this 17th day of Sontember 1899
RICHARD HORSLEY.
ALFRED WEBB.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Elastic or Flexible Linings with Means for Securing
the same, applicable to the Parts of Harness and to Seats and
other Articles.
We RICHARD HORSLEY of No. 4 King Alfred Place Broad Street and ALFRED
WEBB of No. 10 Lime Avenue Allens Road Winson Green, both of the City of
Birmingham in the County of Warwick Manufacturers do hereby declare the
nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
Our invention relates to improvements in elastic or flexible linings with improved
means for securing them to the collars saddles and other parts of the harness for
draught and other horses, and for saddles and seats for bicycles cycles and other
vehicles and seats for verious other purposes in which elastic lining, air pads and
oushons are to be placed.
For this purposes we make or provide a case and cover made either of india
rubber, leather, cloth, vulcanite paper mache, iron, steel or any other suitable
material metallic or other wise and is of such shape and demensions suitable to any
parts of the harness and to the saddles and seats for cycles and other vehicles in
which elastic or flexible linings are to be secured:
In forming or makeing the elastic or pneumatic linings we provide one or more
hollow tubes, pads, bags or cushions and an outer cover of india rubber or other
suitable material inflated with air or gas under pressure or we may use any kind
of liquid for the purposes of expanding the said tubes, pads, bags, or cushions and
surrounded or incased with cloth, canvas, or any other suitable substance adapted
to withstand the internal pressure of the compressed air gas or liquids contained
within the hollow tubes, pads, bags or cushions for the purpose above specified.
An important feature of our said invention consists in the different methods of
securing the elastic linings to the case of the collar, saddle or other parts of the
harness. The case may be formed with the edges turned or bent to the inside in
such a manner that the lining when inflated cannot get loose.
Or the case of the collar, saddle and other parts may be enveloped with a strip or
strips of canvas, linen, or other suitable material. One of the folds or layers of cloth
or canvas is made to enclose or envelope the case of the collar and saddle and overlap
on the inner surface of the case. Or under certain conditions we prefer to employ
when desired a strip of canvas or cloth or other suitable material somewhat wider
than the case of the collar or saddle to the inner surface of which it is cemented
the edges of the canvas being united.
In carrying this method of attachment into practice we employ an external
protective cover for the elastic lining composed of a fold or layer of india rubber,
or any other elastic or flexible substance or other suitable material preferably
thickened at that portion which coms in contact with the horses neck or back
by this means the lining will be enabled to resist a greater pressure. Strips of
caoutchouc or other elastic material are cemented or otherwise secured to the
protective canvas or linen in such a manner and are interposed between the edges
of the case and the strengthening folds of canvas or linen so as to protect the inner
tubes, pads, or cushions from being injured by the edges of the case.
strengthening fold or layer of cloth, linen or canvas which is cemented or other-
wise affixed to the inner surface of the exturnal covering, envelopes the inner
A

page_text: tubes, pads or cushions and the case to which latter it is cemented or otherwise
securely fastened so as to retain the lining therein in a very efficient mauner, a
second strengthening fold or layer of linen or canvas being attached to the inner
surface of the before mentioned layer, and cemented to the linen or canvas layer
enveloping the case.
Or we may according to our invention secure the lining to the case in the following
manner that is to say we form in the case of the collar, saddle or other parts of the
harness two deep grooves one near each edge thereof. And we employ for
enclosing the inflatable tubes, pads, bags or cushions a protecting cover which has
at each edge a tubular channel for the reception of a band, wire, cord, or the like,
whereby the said cover when placed over the inner tubes pads or cushions with its
tubular portions resting in the aforesaid grooves in the case is very securely held
in the case.
Or we may construct the case of the collar, saddle, or other parts of
the harness with a tubular shaped channel near each edge with a narrow opening
and we enploy for encloseing the inflatable tubes, pads, or cushions a protecting
cover which has at each edge a tubular channel or cavity capable of being
expanded. The tubular channel or cavitys are inserted through the slots or
narrow openings into the channel at the edge of the case and are thereby inflated
untill they bind themselves in the tubular shaped channel with a narrow opening
at the edges of the case thus makeing the lining secure to the case.
We will discribe with reference to the accompanying drawings the manner in
which our invention is to be performed.
Fig. 1 of the accompanying drawings show a cross section of a carriage horse
collar constructed according to our invention and Fig. 1. is a cross section taken on
line A-B of Fig. 2 which is a front view of an ordinary carriage horse collar
constructed to our invention.
Fig. 3 is a cross section of the case or forewale of a horse collar showing the
grooves at the edge of the case.
Fig. 4 show a cross section of the said collar showing the tubular shaped channel
at each edge of the case.
Fig. 5 represents in cross section the cover of the elastic lining showing the
tubular cavity or channel at each edge of the cover.
Fig. 6 is the metallic tube for strengthening the roll of the collar.
Fig. 7 represents in side elevation an ordinery rideing saddle and Fig. 7A
represents in side elevation and cross section the said saddle.
Fig. 8 represents in side elevation the said saddle showing the cavity air space
or channel between the lining and the seat for the purpose of ventilation, and
Fig. 8A represents in front elevation showing the air space.
Fig. 9 represents in side elevation and cross section the said saddle showing the
grooves at one side or edge and the tubular shaped channel at the other side
or edge.
Fig. 10 represents in cross section the cover of the elastic lining for the saddle
showing the tubular passage.
Fig. 11 represents in side elevation an ordinary carriage horse saddle.
Fig. 12 is a front elevation of an ordinary cart horse saddle constructed
according to our invention and Fig. 13 is an inverted plan of same made to our
invention.
The same letters of reference indicate the same parts in the several figures of
the drawings.
a is the case of the collar, and
a 1. is the case of the saddle.
is the hollow tubes pads bages or cushions.
c is the non return air valve or cock.
d is the roll of the collar.
E is the groove in the edges of the case of the collar.
E1. is the groove in the edges of the case of the saddle.
kis the tubular shaned channel in the edge of the case of the collar

page_text: 1. 19 the tubular shaped channel in the edge of the saddle.
G is the tubular channel in the edge of the cover for the elastic lining of the
collar and
G 1. is the cover for the lining.
G 2. is the cover for the lining of the saddle.
H is the cavity or air space between the seat and the lining of the saddle.
A is the outer protective covering of india rubber for the collar Fig. 1ª.
A 1. is the outer protective covering of india rubber for the saddle Fig. 74
a a is the canvas or linen enveloping the case of the collar and the case of the
saddle as shown by Fig. 7^.
61. and 1. are the strengthening folds or layers of canvas or linen enveloping
the inner tubes pads or cushions.
D is the strips of caoutchouc.
Referring to Fig. 1A of the accompanying drawings we employ an external
protective covering A composed of a fold or layer of india rubber which is
thickened as shown at that portion which coms in contact with the horse An
internal tube pad or cushion preferably of india rubber contains the air or gas
under pressure.
a is the case of the collar the case a is enveloped with a protective strip a a. of
canvas or linen as shown.
Strips D of caoutchouc or other elastic material are cemented or otherwise
secured to the protective canvas or linen a, a, enveloping the case a and are
interposed between the edges of the case, a, and the strengthening folds 61. and c 1.
of canvas or linen hereinafter more particularly referred to so as to protect the
latter from being injured by the edges of the case a.
A strengthening fold or layer 1. of cloth, linen or canvas which is cemented or
otherwise affixed to the inner surface of the external covering A. envelopes the
inner tubes pad or cushion and the case u to which latter it is cemented or
otherwise securely fastened so as to retain the lining therein in a very efficient
manner a second strengthening fold or layer c 1. of linen or canvas being attached
to the inner surface of the before mentioned layer 1. and cemented to the linen
or canvas layer a a encircling the case a.
We provide at any suitable position in or on the case of the collar and the case
of the saddle and other parts of the harness an ordinary non return air valve the
end of the said non-return valve being inserted through an aperture formed for
the purpose in the case of the collar or saddle and protruding within the air tube
into which the air or gas is forced through the said non return valve by any
suitable means such as a force pump until the internal tube pad or cushions has
been sufficiently inflated.
The enveloping folds or layers of canvas effectually resist any undue pressure
that may be exerted by the contained air or gas at any particular point and thus
prevent deformation of the lining.
The said folds or layers moreover serve to effectually maintain the lining in the
desired position in the case of the collar and saddle.
Referring to Fig. 3 of the drawings show in cross section the case a. of the
collar and a cover G 1. Fig. 5 for enclosing the inflatable tubes pads or cushions
applied thereto The said cover is made of india rubber canvas linen cloth or
any other suitable material preferable thickened at that part which coms into
contact with the horses neck and back that it is enabled to resist great pressure.
Two tubular passages G are formed in the cover G I. one at each side or edge
thereof Through these passages are passed wires for securing the cover G 1. to
the case a.
The ends of the wires emerge from the tubular channel G through holes in the
walls thereof and pass through holes provided in the case and are secured to the
case a in any convenient manner which permits of suitable tension being set up
in them.
One method is to screwthread the ends of the wires and after passing them

page_text: through the said holes in the case a to tighten them by screwing nuts
against the inner or outer surfaces of the case.
on them
A very simple method is to screwthread the ends of the wires one end with a
right hand thread and the other with a left hand thread Each wire is connected
with a small tubular screw nut one end being screw threaded with a right hand
thread the other end with a left hand thread and by simply turning the screw
nut the ends of the wires are drawn togeather securing the lining cover G 1 on to
the case a of the collar We may employ a single wire on each side of the
cover G 1. each said wire passing entirely around the case but we prefer to employ
two or more wires on each side each wire passing only around a portion of the case
this arrangement allows of more uniform adjustment of the tension. We provide at
each side of the case of the collar and saddle a deep channel or groove E shaped to
receive and support the tubular portions of the cover G. When the latter is
placed in position on the case a. the said grooves are made sufficiently deep to
prevent lateral displacement of the cover when the collar or saddle is in use, that is
to say the grooves must be so constructed that not only are the tubular portions of
the cover prevented from being forced outward over the edge of the case a but
they are also prevented from being forced inward by the pressure to which such
linings are subjected When in use this is a very important feature of our invention
and is essential to the successful working of the same.
It will be seen by referring to Fig. 4 of the drawings show in cross section the
case a. of the collar and a cover G 1. Fig. 5 for enclosing the inflatable tubes pads
or cushions applied thereto The said cover is made of india rubber, canvas, linen
cloth or any other suitable material Two tubular shaped channel F with narrow
openings are formed in the case a, Fig. 4 one at each side or edge thereof and
we employ for encloseing the inflatable tubes, pads, or cushions, a protecting
cover G 1. which has at each side or edge a tubular cavity G capable of being
expanded We provide at each side of the case a tubular shaped channel F, with
a narrow opening to receive and to surport the tubular cavity G of the cover G 1.
when the latter is placed in position on the case the tubular cavity G of the cover ( 1.
are inserted through the slots or narrow opening in the side or edge of the case
Fig. 4 and are thereby inflated untill they bind them selvs in the tubular shaped
channel thus preventing lateral displacement of the cover when the collar is in use.
Referring to Fig. 6 of the drawing it will be seen that we provide a metallic
tube which is formed or shaped in such a manner that it will fit in the roll of
the case of the collar By this means great strength is obtained without increasing
the waight.
It will be seen by an examination Figures 8 and 8 of the drawings of a
saddle that it as a ventlated seat In forming the case a 1. of the saddle we
provide a cavity or air chamber H between the elastic lining and the seat of the
saddle in such a manner that it will give ventilation to the seat We place in the
top of seat of the said saddle perferated plates either wood or other suitable material
metallic or other wise for the air to pass through the seat The case is made of
india rubber lether cloth or any other suitable material and is enveloped in strips,
folds or layers, of canvas or other suitable material in the same manner as in the
case of the collar and is provided with one or more non return air valve c.
Referring to Fig. 9 of the accompanying drawings we form in the case of the
saddle at each side or edge thereof a groove E. and we employ for encloseing
the inflatable tubes, pads, or cushions, a protecting cover G 2. Fig. 10 which as at
each side or edge thereof a tubular channel G for the reception of a band, wire,
cord, or the like and made of india rubber canvas linen or other suitable material.
Two tubular passages G are formed in the cover G 2. one at each side or elge
Through these passages are passed wires for securing the cover to the case of
the saddle.
The ends of the wires emerge from the tubular channel through holes in the
walls thereof and pass through holes provided in the case a 1. and are secured
in. any convenient manner and by screwthreading the ends of the wires and

page_text: screwing them to the case a 1. with screw nuts in the same manner as in the
case of the collar.
Referring to Fig. 9 of the accompanying drawings show in cross section the
case a 1. of the saddle and a cover G 2. Fig. 10 for encloscing the inflatable
tubes pads or cushions applied thereto The said cover G 1 Fig. 10 is made of india-
rubber or any other suitable material Two tubular shaped channels F. with narrow
openings are formed in the case a 1. Fig. 9 one at each side or edge thereof and
we employ for encloseing the inflatable tubes, pads, or cushions a protecting
cover G2 which has at each side or edge a tubular cavity G cappable of being
expanded We provide at each side of the case Fig. 9 a tubular shaped channel F
with a narrow opening to receive and surport the tubular cavity G Fig. 10 of the
When the latter is placed in position on the case the tubular cavity G. of
the cover Fig. 10 are inserted through the slots or narrow openings in the side or
edge of the case al Fig 9 and are thereby inflated untill they bind them selvs in
the tubular shaped channel thus preventing lateral displacement of the cover when
the saddle is in use.
cover
Referring to Fig. 12 and Fig. 13 of the drawing, we provide a case A. and form
in the side or edge thereof grooves for the reception of a band wires or cord and
we employ for encloseing the inflatable tubes, pads, bags, or cushions a protecing
cover which has at each side or edge a tubular channel Through these passages
are passed wires for securing the cover G 2 to the case a 1. of the saddle in any
convenient manner which permits of suitable tension being set up in them.
We prefer to screwthread the ends of the wires pass them through holes
provided in the case and secure them with screw nuts to the surface of the
case a 1.
And we also form in the case a 1. two tubular shaped channels with narrow
openings one at each side or edge and we employ for encloseing the air tubes pads
bags or cushions a protecting cover G 2 which has at each side or edge a tubular
cavity capable of being expanded The tubular shaped channel is formed to
receive and surport the tubular cavity of the cover G 2 when the latter is placed
in position on the case The tubular cavity of the cover are inserted through
the slots or narrow opening in the side of the case a 1. and are thereby inflated
until they bind themselvs in the tubular shaped channel. When applying our
improvements to a saddle as shown in Fig. 12 and Fig. 13 we preferable provide
each side of the saddle with an air pad, bag, or cushion which is suitably mounted
within the case A. and we preferably connect the two pads or bags to each other
by means of a pipe or tube which has the cock or valve c. mounted on it so as to
enable the two pads or bags to be inflated simultaneously and so give the advantage,
that when the saddle is in use any side shock would be taken up by the movement
of the air or gas from one pad or bag to another. If desired we may provide each
side of the saddle with more than one pad or bag and we also provide each pad or
bag with a non return air valve c.
Or in liew of employing two pads or bags we may only employ one which would
extend from side to side of the saddle.
Our improved methods are applicable to all sizes and shapes of both collars and
saddles whether they be carriage, cart or other kind of collars and saddles or we
may dispence with the outer covering, of the collar and saddle being itself inflated.
We would here observe that we are aware that air pads have before been
employed in the construction in collars and saddles and we therefor make no
claim to the same save in combination with our improved method of securing the
elastic linings to the case of the collar saddle and other parts of the harness.
From the foregoing description it will be obvious that a hollow air inflated india-
rubber lining constructed in accordance with our invention as above discribed
possesses several important advantages over the solid lining and paddings at pressent
in use, inasnuch as whilst being equal in strength of those ordinarily made, are
much lighter and is more flexible or elastic, all vibration and shock when riding
driveing or jumping over rough roads being inserted between the case of the collar

page_text: and saddle, and the horses neck and back, consequently little or no jar is experienced
by the rider or driver.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what we
claim as our invention is
The combination withe the inner tubes, pads, bags, or cushions, designed to be
inflated with air or gas, of india rubber or canvas covering thickened at that
portion which is required to resist the greatiest amount of pressure. The improved
method or manner of strengthening an inflatable tubular lining and fastening or
securing the same to the case of the collar, saddle and other parts of the harness,
seats and other articles by means of strips of canvas or other suitable material
cemented or other wise secured to the case or cover enveloping the same, and
securing the elastic or flexible lining in the case of the collar, saddle and other
parts of the harness by means of a wire or wires or the like occupying a tubular
channel formed at each side or edge of the cover of the inflatable tubes, pads, bags
or cushions, and tightened so as to hold the said tubular portions of the cover in
grooves formed near each edge of the case the said grooves being sufficiently deep
to prevent lateral displacement of the cover in either direction Also securing the
lining to the case to the collar, saddle, and other parts by means of inflating the
tubular cavity formed at each side or edge of the cover of the lining and tightened
so as to hold the said tubular cavity of the cover in tubular shaped channel formed
with a narrow opening The tubular cavities of the cover are inserted through the
slots into the channel at each side or edge of the case and are then inflated and by
this means secured to the case of the collar saddle and other parts of the harness,
substantially as hereinbefore described and illustrated by the accompanying
drawings.
1 1
101 1
T
1000
RICHARD HORSLEY.
ALFRED WEBB.