Umbrella and Parasol Manufacturer
Year: 1866

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Henry Holland, of Birmingham, in the County of
Warwick.. Umbrella and Parasol Manufacturer, for the Invention of
Sealed the 5th January 1867, and dated the 8th August 1866.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Henry Holland at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 8th
August 1866.
I, HENRY HOLLAND, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Umbrella
and Parasol Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF UMBRELLAS AND PARASOLS," to
be as follows:-
My Invention consists, firstly, of the following improvements in the
manufacture of the ferrules of umbrellas and parasols. In the ordinary method
of manufacturing the said ferrules they are raised from sheet metal by means
of raising tools worked by a press, and the bottom or closed end of the raised
ferrule being cut out a strong end of iron or other metal is fixed in the ferrule
by soldering. In making the said ferrules according to my Invention I raise
[Price 8d.1

page_text: them from sheet metal in the ordinary manner, but instead of cutting out the
bottom or end and fixing another stronger end therein by soldering, I leave
the bottom in the raised ferrule and fix the strong end of iron or other metal
on the end of the ferrule by rivetting it thereto. The strong end consists of
a circular disk of iron or other metal with a hole in the centre, the said hole
being taper. The disk or strong end is placed on the end of the ferrule, the
narrow end of the hole being towards the ferrule. A taper rivet in the hole
in the disk is passed through a hole in the end of the ferrule, and by means
of pressure the ends of the rivet are expanded and the strong end securely
fixed or rivetted to the ferrule.
My Invention consists, secondly, of the following improvements in the
manufacture of the metal tubes used in place of the sticks of umbrellas and
parasols. The said metal tubes for umbrellas and parasols are ordinarily made
by bending up a strip of sheet metal into a tubular form, soldering its edges.
together, and finishing it by the process called drawing.
In making metal tubes for umbrellas and parasols according to my
Invention dispense with the soldering process and join the edges of the tube
in the following manner:-I turn up the edges which are to be joined into
planes at right angles to those portions of the strip from which they are
formed. When the strip is bent into a tabular form these turned-up edges
are presented to each other face to face, and by means of rivetting they are
securely fastened together; there is thus formed without soldering a tube
having a straight flange or rib running its whole length and well suited to be
used in the manufacture of umbrellas and parasols.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Henry Holland in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
5th February 1867.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, 1, HENRY
HOLLAND, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Umbrella and Parasol
Manufacturer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Eighth day of August, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-six, in the thirtieth year of Her reign,
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said
Henry Holland, Her special licence that J, the said Henry Holland, my

page_text: executors. administrators. and assigns. or such others as I, the said Henry
Holland, iny executors, 'administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during
the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise,
and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF UMBRELLAS AND PARASOLS," upon the condition (amongst others)
that I, the said Henry Holland, my executors or administrators, by an instru-
ment in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should
[particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in
what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed
in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I. the said Henry Holland, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement thereof, that is to say:-
My Invention consists. firstly, of the following improvements in the
manufacture of the ferrules of umbrellas and parasols. In the ordinary method
of manufacturing the said ferrules they are raised from sheet metal by means
of raising tools worked by a press, and the bottom or closed end of the raised
ferrule being cut away a strong end of iron or other metal is fixed in the
ferrule by soldering. In making the said ferrules according to my Invention
I raise them from sheet metal in the ordinary manner, but instead of cutting
out the bottom or end and fixing another stronger end therein by soldering [
leave the bottom in the raised ferrule and fix the strong end of iron or other
metal on the end of the ferrule by rivetting it thereto. The strong end
consists of a circular disk of iron or other metal with a hole in the centre, the
said hole being taper. The disk or strong end is placed on the end of the
ferrule, the narrow end of the hole being towards the ferrule. A taper rivet
in the hole in the disk is passed through a hole in the end of the ferrule, and
by means of pressure the ends of the rivet are expanded and the strong end
securely fixed or rivetted to the ferrule.
My Invention consists, secondly, of the following improvements in the
manufacture of the metal tubes used in place of the sticks of umbrellas and
parasols. The said metal tubes for unbrellas and parasols are ordinarily made
by bending up a strip of sheet metal into a tubular form, soldering its edges
together, and finishing it by the process called drawing.

page_text: In making metal tubes for umbrellas and parasols according to my
Invention I dispense with the soldering process and join the edges of the tube
in the following manner:-I turn up the edges, which are to be joined, into
planes at right angles to those portions of the strip from which they are
formed. When the strip is bent into a tubular form these turned-up edges
are presented to each other face to face, and by means of rivetting they are
securely fastened together. There is thus formed without soldering a tube
having a straight flange or rib running its whole length and well suited to be
used in the manufacture of umbrellas and parasols.
Having explained the nature of my Invention I will proceed to describe
with reference to the accompanying Drawing the manner in which the same
is to be performed.
In making the ferrules of umbrellas and parasols according to my Invention
I cut out of sheet iron of the required thickness a circular blank and pierce
in its centre a circular or square hole. A blank of this kind is represented in
plan and section in Figure 1 of the Drawing. I take the blank, Figure 1,
and by means of properly shaped press tools worked in a press, 1 raise it into
the cupped disk, represented in elevation and section in Figure 2.
By this
raising process the hole a is made taper, and the thickness of the metal at
the edges of the cupped disk is reduced. I next fill up the taper hole a in
the cupped disk b by rivetting therein a brass rivet c, as represented in
Figure 3, the rivet being shown separately in Figure 4. The strong end or
bottom of the ferrule is thus made, which strong end or bottom I fix to the
bottom of the ferrule in the following manner:-I take a ferrule d, repre-
sented in section in Figure 5; the said ferrule having been raised in dies in
the ordinary way, and I pierce the closed end or bottom of the ferrule with a
hole of the size of the stem of the rivet c. I place the strong end or bottom b,
Figure 3, on the bottom of the ferrule d, the rivet c passing through the hole
in the bottom of the said ferrule. By means of press tools worked in a press
I head or expand the rivet c inside the ferrule d, and thereby securely fix or
rivet the said strong end or bottom b to the bottom of the ferrule in the
manner represented in Figure 5. Figure 6 represents in section and Figure 7
in elevation a ferrule of a smaller size, manufactured according to my Inven-
tion. Instead of making the strong ends or bottoms of the ferrules by raising
them in dies or tools and having a separate rivet to rivet them to the ferrule,
as described and represented, the said strong ends or bottoms and their rivets
or shanks may be made in one piece from solid iron by pressing or forging.
Or the said strong ends or bottoms may be made by casting them of malleable

page_text: or annealed cast iron; I prefer, however, the method of manufacture herein
first described. In place of iron the strong ends or bottoms may be made of
any other hard metal or alloy. By making the ferrules of umbrellas and
parasols according to my Invention, the strong ends or bottoms are fixed to
the bottoms of the raised ferrules without soldering.
In making the metal tubes used in place of the sticks of umbrellas and
parasols according to my Invention I take a strip of sheet steel (or other
metal) of the required length and about one inch wide (or more or less, if
stronger or weaker tubes are required to be made), and about No. 27 steel
gauge, and by means of grooved press tools worked in a press I turn up the
edges of the strip nearly at right angles to the other part. A strip so treated
is represented in Figure 8. I take the strip, Figure 8, and by a second pair
of grooved press tools I give it the trough shape represented in Figure 9.
By means of another pair of grooved press tools the flanges or turned-up
edges e, e, of the partially made tube are presented to each other face to face
and a complete tube thus made, as represented in section in Figure 10, and
elevation in Figure 11. During the last-described raising or bending process
the tube is supported by means of a mandril in its interior. The flanged
edges e, e, of the tube are next pierced and rivetted together at distances of
about two inches apart. The rivets are marked in Figure 11. There is
thus formed without soldering or brazing a tube having a straight flange or
rib running its whole length, and well suited to be used in the manufacture of
umbrellas and parasols.
By making tubes according to my Invention without soldering or brazing
they can be hardened and tempered, which processes cannot be performed
upon tubes brazed or soldered in the ordinary manner.
Having now described the nature of my Invention, and the manner in which
the same is to be performed. I wish it to be understood that I do not limit
myself to the precise details herein described and illustrated in the Drawing,
as the same may be varied without departing from the nature of my Invention;
but I claim as my Invention,-
Firstly, the improvements in the manufacture of the ferrules of umbrellas
and parasols herein-before described and illustrated in Figures 1, 2, 3, 4, 5,
6, and 7 of the accompanying Drawing, that is to say, fixing iron or other
ends or bottoms to the ordinary raised ferrules by rivetting the said ends or
bottoms to the bottoms of the said raised ferrules.
Secondly, the improvements in the manufacture of the metal tubes used in
place of the sticks of umbrellas and parasols, herein-before described and

page_text: illustrated in Figures 8, 9, 10, and 11 of the acompanying Drawing, that is
to say, making the said tubes without brazing or soldering by turning up the
edges of the strips from which the tubes are made so as to produce flanges,
which when the strips are bent into tubes are rivetted together.
In witness whereof, I, the said Henry Holland, have hereunto set, my
hand and seal, this Second day of February, in the year of our Lord
.one thousand eight hundred and sixty-seven.
Witness,
GEORGE SHAW.
HENRY HOLLAND. (L.S.)