Improvements in and Connected with the Casting of Metals.
Year: 1886

page_text: Improvements in and Connected with the Casting of Metals.
I, JOHN R. WHITNEY of Radnor Township Delaware County, State of
Pennsylvania in the United States of America Manufacturer do hereby declare the
nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
My invention relates to the construction of such castings as it is desirable to
make in sections or with spaces between different parts too thin to be produced by
the use of ordinary sand cores. It is applicable to a great variety of castings but
is designed to be applied especially to the manufacture of chills for railroad car
wheels, when it is required that they should be cut into sections on their innėr
surface to allow them to freely expand and contract in the process of casting a
wheel. Ordinarily for articles of this character a solid casting is first made and
after it is properly shaped to its required dimensions, it is divided into the
required sections by sawing through the metal at the desired points, an operation
which involves considerable expense and labor. By my improvement such expense
and labor are avoided, the chill being divided into sections by the process of casting
with intervening spaces between the sections no greater than saw kerfs and if
desired, very much less.
.
To accomplish this I use thin blades or plates of abestos-paper, mica, or other'
equally refractory thin material, alone or in combination with sheet iron or other
stiffening material. These are placed in those positions in the mould where the
parts of the casting should be separated from each other, and thus serve to provent
the molten metal from flowing together.
Asbestos-paper alone, or card board, mica, sheet iron, etc, with a coating of
asbestos, is found so refractory that they effectually resist the action of the molten
metal. And cores may thus be made extremely thin so that the different sections
may be cast in very close proximity to each other at the edges, but without
possibility of union. In using such parting plates or pieces, they may be embedded
in the green sand mould so as to extend into or across the mould where desired, or
they may be secured in, or project from, ordinary dry sand cores.
While my invention is adapted for use in making a great variety of articles,
I have illustrated it in the drawing in connection with means of casting the chills
of car wheels :-
Fig. 1 being a transverse sectional elevation of such means, and :—
Ti 2a nlan on the line 1-8 Fig. 1.

page_text: Fig. 4 is a side view of a dry sand core supporting a thin blade of carbonized
fibre or abestos.
A represents the casting, B the sand, and a the plates or blades of refractory
material arranged at the points where the casting must be divided, the whole
being shown in a two part flask resting on a bottom board.
It will of course be understood that where minute slits or openings, of irregular
form are required to be made in the casting, this result is obtained by making the
thin cores to correspond to the form and position of the openings required, the core
as usual being put in place after the pattern is withdrawn from the sand.
In Fig. 3 the blade a is shown extending from the sand at one side of the mould
into a cylindrical core so as to constitute a core for forming in the casting an
opening communicating with a slit extending to one side.
.
It should be understood that the iron or card board is merely the support of the
refractory material which protects the supporting blade from the effects of the
molten metal.
It should also be understood that under the head of thin blades of refractory
material I include carbonized cloth and other refractory substances.
In Fig. 4 the blade of asbestos, carbonized paper or other material is shown as
secured in a dry sand core, the latter constituting a frame supporting the blade
except at the point where the slit is to be situated.
I do not limit myself to any special arrangement of the parting or core pieces,
or to the use of any special material therefor, but having now particularly
described and ascertained the nature of my said invention, and in what manner
the same is to be performed, I declare that what I claim is :-
⚫1. The within described improvements in the art of casting chill moulds for car
wheels or other castings, the samé consisting in dividing a mould. into sections by
means of thin blades of asbestos-paper, or other equally refractory material and
pouring the molten metal into the sections, substantially as set forth:
2. The combination with a mould for casting chill moulds for car wheels or
other castings, of thin blades of asbestos or other refractory material extending
into the opening of the mould so as to separate .the parts of the casting after the
manner of a core at the places where the blades are situated, substantially as and
for the purpose set forth.
3. The combination with a mould for casting chill moulds for car wheels or other
castings, of thin blocks or blades of asbestos or other equally refractory material,
extending from the sand in to the mould opening, substantially as set forth.
4. The combination with a mould for casting chill moulds for car wheels or other
castings of thin plates or blades consisting in whole, or in part, of asbestos or
other equally refractory thin material, embedded in a dry sand core or frame and
placed in the mould, substantially as described.