IMPROVEMENTS IN DECORTICATING, HULLING, OR POLISHING WHEAT AND OTHER GRAIN OR SEED, IN APPARATUS EMPLOYED FOR SUCH PURPOSES
Year: 1872

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James Lec Norton, of Belle Sauvage Yard,
Ludgate Hill, and James Harrison Carter, of No. 21, Mark Lane,
both in the City of London, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
DECORTICATING, HULLING, OR POLISHING WHEAT AND OTHER GRAIN OR SEED,
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James Lee Norton and
James Harrison Carter at the Office of the Commissioners of
Patents, with their Petition, on the 24th June 1872.
We, JAMES LEE NORTON, of Belle Sauvage Yard, Ludgate Hill, and
JAMES HARRISON CARTER, of No. 21, Mark Lane, both in the City of
London, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN DECORTICATING, HULLING, OR POLISHING WHEAT AND OTHER GRAIN OR
SEED, AND IN DUSTING BRAN, AND IN APPARATUS EMPLOYED FOR SUCH PURPOSES,"
to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in decorticating,
bulling, or polishing wheat and other grain or seed, and in dusting bran,
and in apparatus employed for such purposes.

page_text: The grain or secd is put into a hollow cylinder or case, formed partly
or wholly of grit or scouring stone. We usually employ an artificial
stone containing emery. The grain or seed is kept in motion within the
cylinder or case by beaters or fanners, which we usually make of india-
rubber. The cylinder or case may be built up of segments or of staves
held together by hoops.
We usually perforate the cylinder or case or provide narrow openings
in it around the periphery.
For the purpose of dusting bran a similar arrangement is employed,
brushes in this case taking the place of other beaters.
In place of the beaters a stone rotating within the casing may be
employed. Such stone may advantageously be an artificial stone con-
taining emery. The grain or seed is retained in the cylinder or case for
a sufficient time to produce the desired decortication, hulling, or polishing,
and this may be regulated by slides or by varying the inclination of the
cylinder or case, or by other means. Or the grain or seed may be caused
to pass in succession through two or more such cylinders or cases, each
provided with beaters or stones revolving within them, as already
described.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said James Lec Norton and James Harrison Carter in
the Great Seal Patent Office on the 24th December 1872.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, James
LEE NORTON, of Belle Sauvage Yard, Ludgate Hill, and JAMES HARRISON
CARTER, of No. 21, Mark Lane, both in the City of London; send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-fourth day of June, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-two, in the thirty-
sixth year of Her reign, did; for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give

page_text: and grant unto us, the said James Lee Norton and James Harrison
Carter, Her special licence that we, the said James Lec Norton and
James Harrison Carter, our executors, administrators, and assigns, or such
others as we, the said James Lce Norton and James Harrison Carter,
our exccutors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with,
and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the
term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise,
and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ircland,
the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN DECORTICATING, HULLING, OR POLISHING WHEAT AND OTHER GRAIN OR SEED, AND
IN DUSTING BRAN, AND IN APPARATUS EMPLOYED FOR SUCH PURPOSES," upon the
condition (amongst others) that we, the said James Lee Norton and
James Harrison Carter, our executors or administrators, by an instru:
ment in writing under our or their hands and seals, or under the hand
and seal of one of us or them, should particularly describe and ascertain
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to
be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Scal Patent
Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date
of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said James Harrison Carter, on behalf
of myself and the said James Lec Norton, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed,
to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in decorticating,
hulling, or polishing wheat and other grain or seed, and in dusting bran,
and in apparatus employed for such purposes.
The grain or seed is put into a hollow cylinder or case, formed partly
or wholly of grit or scouring stone. We usually employ an artificial
stone containing emery. The grain or seed is kept in motion within the
cylinder or case by stones revolving within the casing, and which may
conveniently be of artificial stone containing emery. The cylinder or
case may be built up of segments or of staves held together by hoops.
We usually perforate the cylinder or case, or provide narrow openings
in it around the periphery. The grain or seed is retained in the cylinder
or case for a sufficient time to produce the desired decortication, hulling,
or polishing, and this may be regulated by slides.

page_text: For the purpose of dusting bran a similar arrangement is employed,
brushes in this case taking the place of other beaters.
In order that our said Invention may be most fully understood, and
readily carried into effect, we will proceed to describe the Drawings
hereunto annexed.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Figure 1 is a vertical section and Figure 2 is an horizontal section of
a machine constructed according to our Invention. The frame of the
machine consists of four pillars a, a, supporting a table a¹ upon which
the stone cylinder 6 stands in an upright position. The cover c of the
cylinder is also fixed to the pillars a, and the lower stop or bearing of the
axis d is carried by them. The cylinder bis built up of a series of
narrow segments or staves 6' of artificial stone containing emery.
The pieces 6' are shewn in section and full size at Figure 3. They are
held together by clip rings 62, and small open spaces are preserved
between the segments or staves by inserting filling pieces of cardboard
or other material between them at the top and bottom; at intervals,
around the circumference of the cylinder metal plates b³, with lugs upon
them, are inserted between the segments or staves b¹. A portion of onc
of these plates is shewn full size at Figure 4. These plates serve to
sustain the thin metal rings e. is a wooden stave inserted on one sido
stone segments or staves U' and
are
of the cylinder b. Between the
metal slides working in slots in the stave b'. When the slides fare
pushed into the full extent they close openings formed in the rings e.
These parts are more clearly seen in Figure 5. Upon the axis da
number of drums d' are mounted. They are clothed at the periphery
with pieces of emery stone, which are held in dovetail recesses, as is seen
at the upper part of Figure 1. The wheat or other material is introduced
by the hopper c¹ upon the cover c, and as the axis d revolves the drum d'
upon it keep the grain or other material in motion. The length of time
the material remains in the machine depends upon the extent to which
the slides fare drawn out, as it can only descend by the openings which
are thus uncovered. The fine dust separated by the treatment escapes
for the most part between the segments or staves b¹, and finally the
grain or material escapes by the lower spout g. There is an opening in
the centre of the table and in the cover in order to admit air to pass
through the machine, and sometimes in order to increase the flow of air

page_text: we substitute for cach alternate drum da boss, carrying eight or
other number of radial arms, with palms or beaters upon them.
In dusting bran we sometimes substitute for the drums d' a series of
sets of brushes, each set consisting of four or other number of brushes,
carried
upon radial arms.
The machine shewn at Figures 1 and 2 may be modified by substituting
for the outer stone cylinder or case a cylinder or case of wire gauze or
perforated metal. A vertical section of a machine thus constructed is
shewn at Figure 6; the gauze cylinder is marked 6*.
Having thus described the nature of our said Invention, and the
manner of performing the same, we would have it understood that what
we claim is, the decorticating, hulling, or polishing wheat and other
grain or seed, and dusting bran, by means of a hollow cylinder or case
formed partly or wholly of grit or scouring stone, within which the grain
or seed is kept in motion, substantially as described.
We also claim the method of constructing the stone cylinder or case
with segments or staves bound together with hoops, substantially as
described.
We also claim the arrangement of apparatus for decorticating, hulling,
or polishing wheat and other grain or seed, and for dusting bran, sub-
stantially as described, and shown in the annexed Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said James Harrison Carter, have here-
unto set my hand and scal, this Twenty-fourth day of December,
in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and
seventy-two.
J. H. CARTER. (L.S.)