IMPROVEMENTS IN ROLLER-MILLS
Year: 1879

page_text: A
LETTERS PATENT to William Lloyd Wise, of 7, Whitehall Place, in the City of
Westminster, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN ROLLER-MILLS."
communication from abroad by Marie Antonio Braun, of Karlsbad, Austria.
comban 1970 and dated the 17th Tunn 1970
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Lloyd Wise at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 17th June 1879.
WILLIAM LLOYD WISE, of 7, Whitehall Place, in the City of Westminster. "Iм-
PROVEMENTS IN ROLLER-MILLS." (A communication from abroad by Marie Antonie
Braun, of Karlsbad, Austria.)
The following is the description sent to me:-
"This Invention relates to improvements in roller-mills, the chief object of which
is to reduce the frictional resistances in such mills, and consequently to allow them
to be driven with a smaller expenditure of power.
For this purpose the shafts a' and a² of the rollers 61 and 6ª of the accompanying
Drawing instead of being mounted in bearings have small cylinders or wheels g¹, g³,
keyed on to them at either end, by which they rotate on the peripheries of tho
anti-friction wheels h', ', and h,, respectively, arranged on both sides of the
machine. The wheels and are placed below, the wheels h¹ and h³ sideward of
and somewhat higher than the roller-shafts to which they belong. Suitable rims
or flanges on the wheels prevent the rollers from shifting lengthwise.
In certain cases the said wheels are provided either in the middle or at one or
both sides with teeth, whose pitch-lines correspond with the cylindrical surfaces
rolling on each other. The pinion g' in such case gears with the wheels h¹ and i¹;
pinion g with wheels and ; and, besides, if power is to be transmitted from
one roller-shaft to the other by this arrangement the wheels ¹ and ³ must also gear
together.
The wheels h¹, i¹, and hª and i³ are, by preference, mounted on stationary axles
, ml, l, m, keep-rings n serving to retain them in their place. The axle m¹ is or
may be provided near either end with an eccentric u fitting in an eye u³ of the
framing. The eccentrics cause the axle, when turned by a certain angle, to be
shifted to the right or the left so as to bring the wheels and into or out of gear
with each other. For the purpose of turning the axle on the said eccentrics it is

page_text: provided at one end with a hand-wheel. After adjustment the eccentrics are fixed
by set-screws; instead of eccentrics slide-blocks might be used, sliding in horizontal
guides.
If the diameters of the rollers 61 and 63 of the pinions g¹ and 92 and of the wheels
and are respectively equal to each other, and if gears with , the circum-
ferential speed of the two rollers will be equal. These speeds may be made different
by using rollers, or pinions, or wheels of different size, or by applying any suitable
combination of these parts in which two or more of them differ in diameter from
the corresponding ones. In any case where a definite differential speed is to bo
attained the wheels i¹ and i must gear with each other. The axle is fixed in
slide-blocks pressed forward, i.c., towards the roller b' by spiral springs made of a
strip of steel or other suitablo metal, wider (or larger in section) at one end than at
the other. Each of these springs is fitted with an adjusting screw.
Each of the axles 1, 1, m¹ and m is provided at either end with a lubricator,
whose lower end is shaped like the plug of a cock. According as the lubricator is
turned by means of a handle it will either communicate with an oil-channel in the
axle, conducting oil to the rubbing surface of the corresponding wheel-boss, or it
will be shut off from it. The plug-shaped end of the lubricator is by preference
made to pass through the keep-ring n, thereby serving at the same time as pin for
securing the ring in its place."
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said William Eloyd Wise in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 16th
December 1879.
"IM-
WILLIAM LLOYD WISE, of 7, Whitehall Place, in the City of Westminster.
PROVEMENTS IN ROLLER MILLS." (A communication from abroad by Marie Antonio
Braun, of Karlsbad, Austria.)
This Invention relates to improvements in roller-mills, the chief object of which
is to reduce the frictional resistances in such mills, and consequently to allow them
to be driven with a smaller expenditure of power, and reduce wear and tear.
By this Invention the bush bearings in which roller-mill shafts usually work are
dispensed with, and the rollers can be readily removed and replaced as desired.
For these purposes the shafts a' and a² of the rollers 61 and 62 (see Figs. 1 and 2
of the Drawings) instead of being mounted in bearings have sinall cylinders or
wheels y, g, keyed on to them at each end, by which they rotate on the peripheries
of the anti-friction wheels h', i, and he,, respectively, arranged at both sides of
the machine. The wheels and are placed below the wheels and h", beside
and somewhat higher than the roller shafts to which they belong, so that the centre
line of pressures to which each roller shaft is exposed during working of the mill
may pass between the wheels by which the roller is supported. Suitable rims or
flanges on the wheels, such as ³, Fig. 3, prevent the rollers from shifting length-
wise.
The said wheels are provided with teeth whose pitch lines correspond with the

page_text: cylindrical surfaces rolling on each other. These teeth may either be in the middle
of the wheels, as shown by Fig. 1, or at one side, as in. Fig. 3 (where the teeth are
marked by the letter ³), or, if preferred, on both sides; they may also be cast
together, with separate wheels screwed or otherwise attached to the anti-friction
wheels. The pinion g¹ gears with the wheels h¹ and , and pinion g with wheels
h³ and 2; the wheels and are shewn separated from each other, but for trans-
mission of power they can be brought into gear together by means of the eccentrics u,
as will be explained hereafter. When the wheels and pinions have teeth they do
not necessarily require special rims, such as 3³, Fig. 3, as the teeth themselves prevent
the pinions, and consequently the rollers, from shifting lengthwise.
The wheels h¹, ¹, h, and are by preference mounted on stationary axles 11, m³ ;
12 m², keep rings n serving to retain them in their place. The axle m¹ is or may
be provided near each end with an eccentric u, Fig. 4, fitting in an eye u¹ of the
framing A. These eccentrics when turned cause the axle to be shifted to the right
or the left, as the case may be, so as to bring the wheels and into or out of
gear with each other. For the purpose of turning the axle m¹ on the said eccentrics
it is provided at one end with a hand wheel or, a lever; after adjustment the
eccentrics are fixed by set screws v.
Instead of eccentrics slide blocks might bo
used, which slide in horizontal guides.
If the diameters of the rollers b' and 62 of the pinions g' and g³ and of the wheels
2 and 3, are respectively equal to each other, and if gears with 2, the circum-
ferential speed of the two rollers will be equal. These speeds may be made different
by using rollers, or pinions, or wheels of different size, or by applying any suitable
combination of these parts in which two of them or all differ in diameter from the
corresponding ones. In any case where a definite differential speed is to be attained
the wheels and must gear with each other.
1
The axles a¹ and a² should always be kept nearly in the same horizontal plane.
To suit any change of wheels that may be effected the axle m¹ can be readily
re-adjusted by turning it upon its eccentrics u. The eccentricity of u should be
sufficient to obviate material variation in vertical direction of the position of axle a¹
when m¹ is shifted from one extreme position on the left to the other on-the
right.
By means of the first described arrangement of wheels power may also be traps-
mitted from one roller to the other if the wheels g, h, i, g, h, 28, instead of having
smooth cylindrical surfaces are provided with grooves so as to form a train of
frictional gearing. In this case the wheels 1 and 2 have of course also to gear
together.
The axle is fixed in or made out of one piece with the slide-blocks q, Fig. 5,
which are pressed forward, i.e., towards the roller b', by springs ", which by
preference are made of a strip of steel or other suitable metal, wider or larger in
section at one end than at the other, and bent into spiral form. This construction
allows the narrower or thinner, and consequently weaker turns of the spring, to
deflect when the pressure on them is small, whereas under a higher pressure the
weaker turns will lie close upon each other, while the broader or thicker turns enter
into operation. A screw g¹ which can be turned by hand wheels is provided for
each spring for the purpose of adjusting its tension according to the material to be
ground in the mill; this screw can be fixed in its position by a lock-nut s³. Other
suitable springs may however be used instead of the one described.
Each of the axles l', l, m, m³, is or may be provided at either end with n
lubricator, whose lower tubular end is shaped like the plug of a cock. According
as the lubricator is turned by means of a handle o' it will either communicate with
an oil-channel p, Fig. 1, in the axle, conducting oil to the rubbing surface of the.
corresponding wheel boss, or it will be shut off from it. The plug-shaped end of
each lubricator passes through the corresponding keep ring n, thereby serving at
the same time as pin for securing the ring in its place. This arrangement affords
great facilities in taking off and exchanging any one of the wheels. Lubricators of
other description may however also be employed,

page_text: The feeding-apparatus shewn in the Drawing consists of a hopper c; a feed-roller c¹,
driven by wheel c²; and of regulating slide d'. The grinding roller 63 is driven by
a strap running on one of the pulleys B. The rollers may be of any material and
description of surface hitherto applied for rollers serving for a similar purpose. The
wheel c may be secured on the feed roller shaft by a fly nut, by easing which the
wheel can turn without turning the roller, thus stopping the feed.
By the application of anti-friction wheels and gearing as described the power
required for producing a certain quantity of four by these mills within a given
time is materially reduced, as has been proved by repeated comparative experiments.
Moreover great facility is afforded by the arrangement for changing the relative
circumferential speeds of the rollers, or the rollers themselves, whereby the mill may
easily be adapted for grinding entire grains as well as any of the intermediate
products, semolina, etcetera, occurring in the manufacture of flour according to the
improved systems.
Having thus described the nature of the said Invention and the manner in which
it is to be carried out in practice, as communicated to me as aforesaid, I hereby
declare that what I claim as secured to me under the Letters Patent hereinbefore in
part recited is,-
1. Dispensing with bush bearings by providing the roller shafts a¹ and a² with
cylindrical wheels g¹, g, each rolling on two anti-friction wheels h¹, i, and h³, iª,
substantially as described.
2. Supporting the roller shafts by anti-friction wheels or surfaces caused to roll
in unison by toothed-gear, substantially as hereinbefore described.
3. In combination with the roller shafts a¹ and a the wheels g' and g², each
adapted to roll on a pair of wheels h', i¹, and h³, 2, the wheels being provided with
grooves for frictional gearing, so that g¹ may gear with i, and ¹, g, with h³ and i³,
and with 3, as described, and for the purpose stated.
4. In combination with the rollers b' and 63, supported by wheels h², 2, and h³, i³,
the springs r, made of a tapering strip or rod of metal, as described, and for the
purpose specified.
5. In combination with the axle 11, 12, m', or m³ a lubricator o having a handle o¹
and passing with its tubular and conical part p¹ through the keep ring n into the
axle, provided with the channel p, as hereinbefore described.
6. In combination with the wheels and their stationary axle m' the eccentrics u
or their equivalents, substantially as specified.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Lloyd Wise, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Sixteenth day of December, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and seventynine.
W. LLOYD WISE. (L.B.)