IMPROVEMENTS IN THE TREATING OF IMPURE OR DISCOLOURED WATERS FOR THE PURPOSE OF CLARIFYING THE SAME, AND IN THE EMPLOYMENT OF THE REFUSE FOR AGRICULTURAL PURPOSES
Year: 1872

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Silvester Fulda, of Bow, London, in the County
Middlesex, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE TREATING
OF IMPURE OR DISCOLOURED WATERS FOR THE PURPOSE OF CLARIFYING THE
SAME, AND IN THE EMPLOYMENT OF THE REFUSE FOR AGRICULTURAL PURPOSES."
Sealed the 9th April 1872, and dated the 13th February 1872.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Silvester Fulda at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
13th February 1872.
I, SILVESTER FULDA, of Bow, London, in the County Middlesex,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE TREATING OF IMPURE OR DISCOLOURED WATERS FOR THE PURPOSE OF CLARIFYING
THE SAME, AND IN THE EMPLOYMENT OF THE REFUSE FOR AGRICULTURAL PURPOSES,"
to be as follows:-
My Invention is particularly applicable for clarifying impure or
discoloured waters from mills or factories, but may be used also for
clarifying other waters, preventing thereby the pollution or discolouration
of streams.

page_text: I pass the impure or discoloured water into a receiver or tank of any
required size. Into this water I put the following ingredients :-I take
unslacked lime and sulphate of soda in the proportions of about one cwt.
of lime to one (or about one) pound of sulphate of soda, these are mixed
The above
together, a suitable quantity of water being added thereto.
is added to the impure water in the tank or receiver in the following
quantities, about 2 gallons of the mixture to about 200 gallons of
water; this done the colouring matter is precipitated to the bottom of
the tank and the clear water allowed to pass off leaving the sediment
behind. This sediment I employ as manure for agricultural purposes.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Silvester Fulda in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 13th August 1872.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, SILVESTER
FULDA, of Bow, London, in the County of Middlesex, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Thirteenth day of February, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-two, in the thirty-
fifth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give
and grant unto me, the said Silvester Fulda, Her special licence that I,
the said Silvester Fulda, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or
´such others as I, the said Silvester Fulda, my executors, administrators,
and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to
time and all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should
and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United King-
dom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of
Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE TREATING OF IMPURE OR
DISCOLOURED WATERS FOR THE PURPOSE OF CLARIFYING THE SAME, AND IN THE
EMPLOYMENT OF THE REFUSE FOR AGRICULTURAL PURPOSES,'
upon the condition
(amongst others) that I, the said Silvester Fulda, my executors or
administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one
of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be
performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office
"

page_text: within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the
said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Silvester Fulda, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement, reference being had to the accompanying Drawings,
and to the letters of reference marked thereon, that is to say :-
My Invention is particularly applicable for clarifying impure or
discoloured waters from mills or factories, but may be used also for
clarifying other waters, preventing thereby the pollution or discolouration
of streams.
And in order that my Invention may be more completely understood,
I will describe one mode of carrying the same into effect.
Fig. 1 represents a longitudinal section, and Fig. 2 a plan shewing
arrangements of tanks and parts connected therewith employed in the
clarifying operation.
a, b, c, and d are tanks, a being the first receiver for the dis-
coloured or polluted water, which may be any required size, which
depends on the amount of such waters to be passed into it from the
mills, factories, or other places. The tank a is provided with a drain
or pipe e through which the water in its polluted state is passed into
the second or agitating tank b which has an upright shaft pro-
vided with any number of agitator arms, four being shewn here,
and mounted in suitable bearings at the bottom of the tank, and
at h on the beam i; a rotary motion is transmitted to the agitator
through the bevel wheels j and k and shaft l, from a steam engine or
other suitable motive power. By the rotary motion of the agitator
the impurities are stirred up and thoroughly mixed with the water.
When sufficiently agitated the fluid is passed into the precipitating
or mixing tank or receiver c through the drain or pipe m, and the
operation is as follows:-When the precipitating tank c is sufficiently
filled with water, I add a mixture consisting of the following ingredients: --
I take unslacked lime and sulphate of soda in the proportions of about
one hundredweight of unslacked lime to one (or about one) pound
of sulphate of soda, and to these may be added when required any of
the following ingredients, nitrate of soda, borax, silica, or glassgal,
in small quantities, which will have the effect of improving and quick-
ening the precipitating process. The whole are mixed together (a

page_text: suitable quantity of water being added thereto) and afterwards thrown
into the precipitating tank or receiver c containing the polluted water
in the following quantities, about 2 gallons of mixture to about 200
gallons of water, but of course the proportions of the mixture vary in
accordance with the amount of pollution. This being done the colouring
or polluting matter is immediately precipitated and the purified water
is allowed to pass off clarified through the drain or pipe n into the
collecting tank d, from whence it may be taken and used again or it
may be passed direct from the precipitating or mixing tank c into a
stream leaving the sediment behind in the tank c; this sediment is taken
out and employed as manure for agricultural purposes.
A stop-cock or sluice of ordinary construction is employed in each
drain or pipe to stop the flow of the water when required.
Having now described the nature of my said Invention, and the
manner in which the same may be performed, I would remark in
conclusion and wish it to be understood that I do not confine myself
to the precise arrangement of tanks and parts connected therewith,
inasmuch as the same are susceptible of considerable modification or
alteration without in any way departing from the nature of my said
Invention, neither do I restrict myself to the exact proportions of
ingredients of the precipitating mixture so long as the principal con-
stituent parts (the unslacked lime and sulphate of soda) and the general
character of the mixture is retained. But what I claim and desire to
be secured to me by Letters Patent is, the composition of the preci-
pitating material and the mode or modes and means of application of
such material, substantially as and for the purposes herein set forth.
In witness whereof, I, the said Silvester Fulda, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Ninth day of August, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-two.
Witness,
J. W. HARDING,
Patent Agent,
2, East Parade,
Leeds.
SILVESTER FULDA. (L.S.)