Process and Appliance for Producing Fine Granulated Paper with Uniform Grain of Pyramidical Shape.
Year: 1891

page_text: Date of Application, 1st Sept., 1891-Accepted, 3rd Oct., 1891
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Process and Appliance for Producing Fine Granulated Paper with
Uniform Grain of Pyramidical Shape.
I, CARL SCHLAEUFFELEN of Heilbronn, in the Empire of Germany, Engineer,
do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:
The object of this invention is to produce a granulated paper completely
meeting the highest artistic requirements for pencil or pen drawings and adapted
for lithographic drawings by means of crayon or Indian ink for direct transfer.
The granulated papers hitherto produced have nearly always an irregular grain
which has the shape of a greatly blunted pyramid of irregular base or an
undulating shape. The paper produced by my process differs from these
essentially by its grain having a perfectly pyramidal shape and these pyramids,
the bases of which may have any shape but preferably that of a regular polygon
or of a circle, lying at precisely equal distances from each other. According to
the size of the grain one square centimetre comprises about 1000, 1500, 2000,
2500 etc. grains.
To produce this pyramidal grain, one of the two calender rollers, through which
the non-granulated paper has to pass, viz. the steel cylinder, is provided on its
mantle surface with pyramidal cavities corresponding to the size of grain, into which
cavities the paper is pressed by the other cylinder, which is commonly made of
paper, the grain being thereby produced.
Instead of providing the pyramidal cavities on the steel cylinder of the calender
proper, also an even plate of steel or other suitable metal may be provided there
with on one side; the paper is then laid on this side and together therewith pressed
through the two smooth calender cylinders.
The advantage of a paper thus granulated especially for drawing purposes consists
in the drawing proper taking place only on the tops of pyramids, so that the finest
shadings can be made, the tops of the pyramids being more or less strongly flattened
by the more or less powerful pressure with the drawing pencil i.e. the lines becoming
thicker or thinner, while at the same time the valley lying between the pyramids
appears widened or narrowed that is to say a broader or narrower light space
intervenes between each two pyramids.
The whole design therefore appears as a group of painted and more or less
flattened pyramid tops projecting over the base surface of the paper and between
which the bottoms of the valleys appear in the colour of the paper. It is evident
that, if lithographic crayon or Indian ink is used for drawing, a design, thus
projecting can be transferred direct as easily as a design made on stone and etched
so that copies precisely similar in execution to the original can be obtained.
Also for technical drawing by means of drawing pen, Indian ink and colours, the
improved granulated paper is eminently adapted. The lines are purer and sharper,
than with the granulated paper hitherto known, and the colours can be easily put
on and distributed.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is:
1) A process for producing granulated paper characterised by the grains, at
exactly equal distances from each other, having the same pyramidal shape and being
produced either by giving one of the calender cylinders (the steel cylinder), through
which the paper bas to run, on its mantle surface pyramidal cavities at equal

page_text: distances from each other, into which the paper is pressed by the other calender
cylinder (paper cylinder) or by having both cylinders smooth, laying the paper on
a plate provided with pyramidal cavities and passing it together with this plate
through the two calender cylinders, thus granulating the paper, substantially as set
forth.
2) As a new industrial product, granulated paper for drawing and lithographic
purposes, the grain of which is exactly regular and of a pyramidal shape, substan-
tially as set forth.
3) The application, for producing the granulated paper referred to in Claim 2, of a
calender cylinder provided with equal pyramidal cavities at equal distances from
each other or of a plate having such cavities, substantially as set forth.
Dated thic 1st day of September 1891
CARL SCHAEUFFELEN,
By Huelser & Co.,
His Agents.
CARL SCHAEUFFELEN,
By Huelser & Co.,
His Agents.