or other Powder to the Surface of Paper or other Material.
Year: 1885

page_text: or other Powder to the Surface of Paper or other Material.
I, WILLIAM BREWER SILVERLOCK, of Blackfriars Road, in the County of Surrey,
Printer do hereby declare the nature of my invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR APPLYING BRONZE OR OTHER POWDER TO THE
SURFACE OF PAPER OR OTHER MATERIAL to be as follows:-
"
In printing in the ordinary manner words, letters, or other ornamental designs,
it is sometimes required to coat such designs so printed with bronze powder or
other powder of the like kind by which the effect desired is obtained, and my
present invention has for its object improvements in machinery or apparatus for so
applying bronze or other powder to the designs printed in the usual way upon
paper or other material,
The design, ornamental or otherwise, is first printed in the ordinary way upon
the paper or other material in ink or other suitable varnish, and is then passed
through the novel machinery or apparatus which forms the subject of my invention.
This consists of a frame-work of metal or other suitable, material having bearings
in which is made to revolve at the proper speed by steam or other power, a
cylinder of the kind ordinarily used in printing provided with grippers of the well
known kind by which sheets of paper fed to it one by one from a feed table, are
seized and carried round the cylinder from which they are finally delivered over a
smaller cylinder or roller.
Below the cylinder revolving as described is arranged a box or chamber into
the upper part of which the lower side of the cylinder dips, and under the cylinder
is arranged a parallel cylinder or roller made to revolve in bearings by means of
toothed wheels or belts at a suitable speed, its periphery preferably moving at a
speed somewhat greater than that of the main cylinder, and below and near this
roller is arranged a trough of perforated metal into which the roller dips.
Parallel with the roller last described and with the main cylinder is arranged
a second similar roller also made to revolve in bearings but having a cam or
projection fixed upon it and acting upon a fixed stud or abutment in such manner
that as the roller revolves it is at the same time made to vibrate or move backward
and forward for a short distance in the direction of its length. This roller has also
fitted below it a trough of perforated metal into which it dips.

page_text: A shoot or spout is arranged into which the bronze or other powder is fed in
such manner that it falls into the trough below the first of the two rollers above
described whence it is taken up by the roller as the latter revolves.
The action of the apparatus is as follows:-
The sheets upon which the design has been printed in sufficiently adhesive ink
or other varnish, are fed in, seized by the grippers, and passed round the cylinder
one by one. As each sheet is carried round between the cylinder and the first of
the lower rollers described the latter (the surface of which is prepared in the manner
hereinafter described) applies the bronze or other powder uniformly and with gentle
pressure to the surface of the, design, to which it adheres in sufficient quantity the
remainder falling into the trough and chamber below whence it can be raised and
re-used as desired.
In order that the bronze powder may adhere to the design it is necessary that
it should be rubbed upon the latter with a soft pressure, and for this purpose the
second of the lower rollers (the surface of which is prepared in the same way as the
first) is made to move backward and forward as already described whilst the printed
paper is carried round between the cylinder and the roller. In this way the powder
becomes properly fixed upon the design and any loose or surplus powder may be
removed by means of a fixed soft and elastic adjustable pad against which the
paper is passed before it is finally carried over the delivery roller and delivered
from the machine.
In order to prepare the rollers as described, I use a wooden cylinder of smaller
diameter fitted upon a central metal spindle and upon the surface of the wooden
cylinder I carefully fit and attach a coat of sheepskin or preferably lambskin which
affords a soft even, and sufficiently elastic surface. Outside the lambskin I fit
carefully an external sheath or coat of imitation sealskin or other fabric of the like
kind having its fibres of about uniform length and projecting at right angles from.
the surface, the length of such fibres being preferably about three or four sixteenths
of an inch.
In this way I obtain a roller which readily receives the bronze or other powder
and transfers it with the proper pressure and in the desired way to the printed.
surface of the paper without injury to the latter and without being itself liable to
be clogged up with the ink or varnish, whilst the second vibrating roller communi-
cates sufficient pressure to cause the powder to adhere as desired. A rubber of
imitation sealskin or other equivalent material may be adjusted against each roller
to equalize the supply of powder.
If the perforated troughs under the rollers become too full of the powder, the
latter is discharged through the perforations into the box from which it can be
removed as required.
The machine can be boxed or cased in if desired. .
Instead of two rollers three or more may be used.

page_text: Improvements in Machinery or Apparatus for Applying Bronze
or other Powder to the Surface of Paper or other Material.
I, WILLIAM BREWER SILVERLOCK, of Blackfriars Road in the County of Surrey,
Printer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement, and accompanying drawings, (that is to say): —
My invention relates to bronzing machines, by which words, letters, or other
ornamental or other designs, are produced upon the surface of paper or other:
material, the designs being first printed in the ordinary way in ink or other suitable
varnish upon the paper or other material which is then passed through machinery.
or apparatus by which the bronze or other powder is applied. It has for its object
improvements in that kind of such bronzing machine or apparatus in which the
bronze or other powder is applied to the surface of the design, and is made to
adhere by means of revolving rollers having also an endlong or rubbing motion
backward and forward against the paper.
By my improvements the machine is made very simple, compact and effective and
great economy of time is effected in operating it and changing the different parts of
it when necessary.
The principle of the improved machine or apparatus which forms the subject of
my invention is illustrated in figures 1, 2, and 3, of the accompanying drawings,
Figure 1 being a vertical transverse section and figure 8 a plan, of the more
important parts of a small machine, and figure 2 a plan shewing the rollers.
a is a continuously revolving cylinder of the kind ordinarily used in printing
machines, driven by steam or other power, and provided with grippers of the usual
kind by which the edge of sheets of paper fed to it one by one from a feed table c
are seized and carried round the cylinder a from which they are finally delivered
over a smaller cylinder or roller d.
Below the cylinder a revolving as described is arranged a box or chamber e into
the upper part of which the lower side of the cylinder a dips, and under the cylinder
is arranged a parallel cylinder or roller f made to revolve in bearings f¹ by means
of belts or cords g at a suitable speed. Below the roller f is arranged a trough h of
metal (which may be perforated) into which the roller ƒ dips.
Parallel with the roller f and with the cylinder a is arranged the similar
oscillating roller i also made to revolve in bearings by belts or cords g¹, but shewn
with a cam or projection h fixed upon its axle and acting upon a fixed stud or
abutment 7, as indicated in figure 2, in such manner that as the roller i revolves it
is at the same time made to vibrate or move rapidly backward and forward for a
short distance in the direction of its length, by the action of the cam k and spring n¹.
The roller i is also shewn with a metal trough h¹ fitted below it into which it dips.
The bronze or, other powder is fed into the trough below the roller ƒ by means
of a hopper or shoot at m..

page_text: •
A moveable drawer is shewn at the bottom of the box e. A soft pad, or
revolving roller may also be arranged between the roller i and delivery roller d for
removing any surplus powder from the surface of the finished sheet.
In order that the bronze or other powder may be applied and made to adhere to
the surface of the design it is necessary that a soft and gentle pressure should be
used and for this purpose I make the rollers f, i, and at 8 in the manner illustrated
in figures 4 and 5;-figure 4 being a longitudinal section of part of a roller, and
figure 5 a transverse section through the same. nis a wooden cylinder fitted and
fixed upon a central metal spindle o, and upon the surface of the wooden cylinder
is carefully fitted and attached, preferably with the intervention of a lining of felt,
a coat of sheepskin or lambskin p which affords a soft, even, and sufficiently elastic
surface. Outside the lambskin is fitted carefully an external sheath or coat r of
what is known as imitation sealskin or other fabric of the like kind having its fibres
of about uniform length and projecting at right angles from the surface, the length
of such fibres being preferably about three or four sixteenths of an inch.
In this way I obtain a roller which readily receives the bronze or other powder
and transfers it with the proper pressure and in the desired way to the inverted
printed surface of the paper without injury to the latter, and without being itself
liable to be clogged up with the ink or varnish, whilst the oscillating revolving
roller communicates sufficient rubbing pressure to cause the powder to adhere as
desired. A rubber or cleaner of any suitable material may be adjusted against the
roller to remove the surplus powder.
The machine may be entirely boxed or cased in if desired. It is necessary that
the box or chamber 6 (figure 1) should be capable of very ready and quick removal
and replacement, in order that time may be economized when it is required to change
the colour or character of the powder which is being used. For the same reason
it is important that the box e should be capable of accurate adjustment in its place,
and further that the several rollers should be readily connected and disconnected
with the gear which drives them.
Figures 6, 7, 8, 10, and 11 represent a complete machine of a kind similar to that
the principle only of which is indicated in figures 1, 2, and 3, the several arrange-.
ments and devices by which the objects just referred to are obtained being more
clearly shown. Figure 6 and 7 are side views of the complete machine. Figure 8
is a transverse vertical section of part of the same machine. Figure 9 is a plan of
the box e fitted with three rollers, shewing the coupling devices to the driving gear.
Figure 10 is a front view, and figure 11 a plan of the same machine. Figure 12 is
a side view of the same machine shewing a different method of driving the several
rollers in the box or chamber e.
The same letters of reference indicate the same parts in the several figures.
a is the main cylinder carried by an axis a¹ turning in bearings in the frames or
standards a* and driven in the direction of the arrow (shewn in figures 6 and 7) by
steam or other power.
The feeding table c is carried by the frames a' and from it the sheets of paper
having the design printed upon them in adhesive varnish are fed one by one to the
cylinder a, and after having been carried round the latter are delivered over the
roller d, to a delivery table. e is the box or chamber containing the three rollers,
the first roller f being driven by a cord or belt and pulleys g so that it revolves with
its periphery just touching the surface of the sheet which is to be bronzed, but
preferably at a somewhat greater speed.
The bronze or other powder is supplied automatically or by hand through the
hopper m.
The paper is then carried forward over the similar second revolving roller &
which receives a quick longitudinal movement backward and forward as it revolves,
by means of a spring and friction rollers and cams at k (figures 6, 8, and 9), and it
is made to revolve at the proper speed by means of pullies and belt g³.

page_text: After leaving the roller i the paper is shown passing over a similar roller & which
is driven by the pullies and belt g³ and revolves against the paper, removing any
surplus powder from the sheet, such powder falling back into the box e
In order to quickly change the box e when necessary, and to ensure its accurate
adjustment against the cylinder a, it is shewn supported upon a platform B, which
is guided by the frames a³ and can be raised or lowered for a short distance by
means of the screw and wheel C. Excentric or other accurately adjustable stops
are arranged at E (figures 6 and 7) so that the exact position of the box e and its
rollers when raised is definitely fixed.
Stops may also be arranged at D to carry the platform B at the lower end of its
stroke, whilst the box e and rollers are being removed or changed.
In order that the box e may be so removed without difficulty, the frame at the
side of the machine from which it is withdrawn is made open (as shewn in figure 6),
the rollers being all driven from the opposite side of the machine, (as shown at
figures 7 and 12) by means of couplings upon the ends of the several spindles or
axles turning in bearings in the frame and driven by the pulleys and bands or
cords g, g, g, these couplings engaging with corresponding couplings upon the ends
of the axles of the rollers (as shown in figures 8, 9, and 10).
One or both of the rollers & and z may be made to oscillate backward and forward
as they revolve, as well as the roller fas shown. A strip of felt is fitted upon the
curved ends of the box e where it touches the cylinder a.
By the method of arrangement described and shewn the box e with the rollers can
be instantly lowered from its position by means of the wheel and screw C
sufficiently to allow its withdrawal through the frame shewn in figure 6, and
another box and rollers being substituted are raised to their exact position against
the cylinder a, the roller spindles being automatically coupled to the driving
spindles, so that the least possible time is taken in the operation. Guides are fitted
upon the platform B so as to determine the position of the box e upon it.
In figures 6, 7, 8, 10, and 11, the three rollers are shewn driven by separate
pullies and cords or bands g, g¹, g³. In figure 12 a single band is shown
passing over the driving pulley g and the roller pullies g, g', g'. A guide pulley is
shewn at g and an adjustable stretching pulley at gt. I prefer to make part of
the circumference of the cylinder moveable so that access can be readily had to its
interior.
By the improved method of construction and arrangement described and shewn,
the machine is simple, cheap, and effective, takes little power, and is not liable to
get out of order, whilst the adjustment of its several parts and removal and
replacement of the chamber containing the bronze or other powder can be almost
instantly effected. The entire machine may be carried upon wheels or castors.
The relative proportions, shapes, and sizes of the several parts of the machine
may be varied more or less according to the circumstances under which it is to be
used, and the character of the work which is to be done.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
Invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is:-
1. In a bronzing machine the combination of the continuously revolving
cylinder a, the moveable adjustable box e and the revolving rollers one or more of
which are made to oscillate endways, substantially as described and shewn in the
drawings.
2. The combination with the revolving cylinder a moveable box e and revolving
rollers, of the rising and falling platform B, substantially as and for the purpose
described and shewn in the drawings.
3. In combination with the rising and falling platform B the adjustable stops
for determining its exact position, substantially as described and shewn in the
drawing.

page_text: T
4. The combination with the box e and the revolving rollers, the driving spindles
revolving in one of the frames a, the driving pullies and cords or belts, and the
automatic coupling gear to the roller spindles, substantially as and for the purpose
(described and shewn in the drawings.
5. The method of making the revolving rollers, substantially as described and
shewn in the drawings.