A CERTAIN IMPROVE- MENT IN SUCH STEAM ENGINES AS CONDENSE OUT OF THE CYLINDER, BY WHICH IMPROVEMENT OR INVENTION THE AIR-PUMP IS RENDERED UNNECESSARY
Year: 1823

page_text: BOWER & BLANDS SPECIFICATION.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, Josεги
Bowen, of Hunslet, in the Parish of Leeds, in the County of York, Oil of.
Vitrol Manufacturer, and JOHN BLAND, of Hunslet aforesaid, Steam Engine
Manufacturer, send greeting.
WHEREAS His most Excellent Majesty King George the Fourth, did,
by His Letters Patent under the Great Seal of His United Kingdom, bearing
date at Westminster, the Thirty-first day of July, 18238, in the fourth year
of His reign, give and grant unto us, the said Joseph Bower and John Bland,
our exors, aditiors, and assigns, His especial licence, full power, sole privi-
lege and authority, that we, the said Joseph Bower and John Bland, our
exors, adñors, and assigns, during the term of years therein mentioned, should
and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within England, Wales,
and the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, our Invention of "A CERTAIN IMPROVE-
MENT IN SUCH STEAM ENGINES AS CONDENSE OUT OF THE CYLINDER, BY WHICH
IMPROVEMENT OR INVENTION THE AIR-PUMP IS RENDERED UNNECESSARY;" in which
said Letters Patent there is contained a proviso that if we, the said Joseph
Bower and John Bland, shall not particularly describe and ascertain the
nature of our said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, by an instrument in writing under our hands and seals, or under the
hand and seal of one of us, and cause the same to be inrolled in His Ma-
jesty's High Court of Chancery within two calendar months next and imme-
diately after the date of the said Letters Patent, that then the said Letters
Patent, and all liberties and advantages whatsoever thereby granted, shall utterly
cease, determine, and become void, as in and by the same, relation being
thereunto had, will more fully and at large appear.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, we, the said
Joseph Bower and John Bland, do hereby declare that the nature of our
said Invention, and the manner in which the same is to be performed, are
particularly described and ascertained in and by the Drawings hereunto
annexed, and the following description thereof, (that is to say):-
1 1
In the Drawings hereto annexed, at Fig. 1 is represented a perpendicular
sectional view shewing the internal parts of our apparatus for effecting the
condensation of steam, which same apparatus, when attached to any steam
engine in which it is required to condense the steam out of the working
cylinder, forms our certain improvement in such engines as aforesaid; and in
reference to the said Drawings, a, a, a, a, Fig. 1, is a cistern supplied from a
reservoir, or otherwise, with cold water, as is usual for the purpose of con-
densing steam, and c,,,, Fig. 1, a tubo rising from the said cistern and
communicating to the chamber D, D, D, D, and having a cock at c; and the
said chamber D, D, D, D, encompasses an internal chamber e, e, è, è, and has
communication with the same over its upper edge at è, è, or in the manner
herein-after described; G, G, G, G, is another pipo leading downward from the
internal chamber e.e, è, è, and extending in length considerably below the cistern
a, a, a, a, to a discharging cistern, well, or other convenient recepticle for
the waste water, as at H, II. This last-mentioned pipe has a bulb or enlarge-
ment at 9, and a valve opening outwards at its lower extremities at J;
K, K, is a pipe which affords a communication from the cistern a, a, a, a, to
the pipe 9.9.9,g, having a cock H to permit or cut off such communication;
M, M', M, M³, is another pipe, which is the eduction pipe, for the purpose of
leading off the steam from the working cylinder of the engine, to which this
our apparatus is attached to the chamber where the condensation is effected,
and at M is supposed to lead towards and communicate in tho usual manner
with the said working cylinder, and at M³ the same eduction pipe projects a
few inches into the internal chamber e, e, é. è. Fig. 2 represents an horizontal
section of the internal and external chambers supposed to be cut at the line o, o,
the samo letters denoting the samo parts. When the engine is prepared to start
to work, the cock at C is opened, and the communication from the working
cylinder by means of the pipe M, M', M, M, is likewise opened, the steam
allowed to pass, or, as is commonly expressed, to blow through the apparatus
and out at the cock at C and at the valve at J; the steam is then again shut off,
the cock at L opened, and cold water from the cistern a, a, a, a, is permitted to
flow into the bulb 9,, which, when it comes in contact with the steam
in 9,9, the condensation thereof immediately takes place, and a partial vacuum

page_text: 18 consequently formed in the chamber e, e, &, &, and the pipe 9.9.9.9; and
"
therefore the water is forced up the pipe C, C, C, C, and flows round the ex-
ternal chamber D, D, D, D, and over the upper part of the internal chamber
e, e, è, &, and down the pipe G, G, G, G, lifts and passes the valve as at p, and flows
out through the same, and by its continuous flow keeps the internal chamber'
,,,, at such a temperature as to cause a continual condensation of the
steam received through the pipe M, M, M, M, and produce a lasting vacuum
sufficiently perfect for the purpose intended. When the water has passed up
the pipe c, c, c, c, and filled the external chamber D, D, D, D, which may be
known by the sudden reduction of the temperature of the said chamber and
the pipe below, then the cock L should be closed, and the water will then
continue to flow up the pipe C, C, C, C, and down the pipe G, G, G, G, as
before described, by reason of the pipe G, G, G, G, containing the longer.column
of water upon the principle of a syphon. The supply of water to keep up the
condensation may be modified and brought to the requisite quantity with much
accuracy, by means of partially closing the cock at C, and the amount of such
requisite quantity may be ascertained by plunging a thermometer into the water.
in the lower or waste cistern H, H; the temperature there indicated will shew:
whether the supply is short or too full; and moreover, in cases when it can be.
effected with convenience from the supplying water lying high, we do.admit
the water into the external chamber D, D, D, D at Ċ from above, as shewn by;
dotted lines in Fig. 1, at N, instead of by the shorter syphon leg C, C, C, C,
and permit it to flow round the inner chamber e, e, è, è, and down as herein-
before described, always making the pipe G, G, G, G, about thirty-four feet
long from the top of the internal chamber e, e, è, e, to the surface of the water
in the reservoir H, H.
1
a
And we do claim such mode of supplying the chamber D, D, D, D, as
variation in the construction of this our apparatus; and moreover, other varied
constructions of this our apparatus may be effected, one of which we represent
at Fig. 8, where the same letters denote the same parts as in Fig. 1, and
where the water for effecting the condensation is permitted to pass into the
inner chamber through apertures, as at è, è, instead of over its edges, as in
Fig. 1; all which varied constructions, if they introduce the principle of a
syphon for the supply of the external chamber D, D, D, D, and encompass the
condensing chamber so that the water flows over its upper edge, or introduce
the eduction pipe in the manner herein described, or make the waste pipe
G, G, G, G, such length as to contain a column of water below the condensing
chamber, sufficient to counterpoise the pressure of the atmosphere, we do still

page_text: consider the same as mere modifications of this our apparatus constituting
our improvement as aforesaid. And as to the material of which we should
direct our said apparatus to be formed, we do, in preference, select iron, lead,
copper, or such materials as are most impervious to air or water. More-
over, the proportions of the Drawings hereto annexed are for an apparatus to
be applied to an ordinary condensing engine of one-horse power, but they may
vary, from divers circumstances, such as the constructions or dimensions of the
engine, the temperature of the water of supply, and other points not necessary
here to be stated; all which varied constructions, selection of materials, and
diversification of proportions may be effected by any competent workman in
works of this and the like nature.
In witness whereof, we, the said Joseph Bower and John Bland, have
hereunto set our hands and seals, this Eleventh day of September,
in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and twenty-three.
JOSEPH (L.S.) BOWER. JOHN (Ls.) BLAND.
AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the Eleventh day of September, in
the
year of our Lord 1828, the aforesaid Joseph Bower and John Bland came
before our said Lord the King in His Chancery, and acknowledged the Speci-
fication aforesaid, and all and every thing therein contained and specified, in
form above written. And also the Specification aforesaid was stampt according
to the tenor of the Statute made for that purpose.
Inrolled the Eleventh day of September, in the year of our Lord One*
thousand eight hundred and twenty-three.