IMPROVEMENTS IN Apparatus For REGULATING THE PRESSURE IN DELIVERY PIPES OF WATER, GAS, STEAM, AND OTHER FLUIDS
Year: 1871

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Edme Augustin Chameroy, of Paris, Boulevard
de Strasbourg, No. 123, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
Apparatus For REGULATING THE PRESSURE IN DELIVERY PIPES OF WATER,
GAS, STEAM, AND OTHER FLUIDS."
Scaled the 30th January 1872, and dated the 2nd August 1871.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Edme Augustin
Chameroy at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
his Petition, on the 2nd August 1871.
I, EDME AUGUSTIN CHAMEROY, of Paris, Boulevard de Strasbourg,
No. 123, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
** IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR REGULATING THE PRESSURE IN DELIVERY
PIPES OF WATER, GAS, STEAM, AND OTHER FLUIDS," to be as follows:-
In the distribution of water, and especially in the supply of towns
it is important to diminish as much as possible the pressure in the
delivery pipes in order to prevent waste, damage, and excess of delivery,
and for gas, steam, or other fluid it is also important to limit the pressure

page_text: in the delivery pipes simply to the wants required, and this Invention
consists in improved regulating cocks for the purpose of attaining these
objects.
In one arrangement at the side of the passage of the cock there is a
cylinder containing a piston, which is lowered by self-acting means
and closes the passage more or less according to the pressure, or
closes it entirely when the delivery pipe is closed. When in the supply
of water the supply pipe is fixed to one end of the passage and the
delivery pipe at the other end, and it is required to limit the pressure
in the delivery pipe to two atmospheres, although the pressure of the
supply is considerably higher, the following operations take place when
the delivery tap is opened:-The water in its passage through the cock
raises the piston, and at the same time a small quantity of water runs
through a narrow passage to the upper part of the piston, then through
an orifice to a leather disc having above it a regulating spring, and
from thence into the delivery end of the cock. During the time the
pressure of the water at the delivery end of the cock is not more than
two atmospheres no change takes place, but if their happens to be
less water drawn off, or the delivery is altogether stopped, then the
pressure of the water increases and causes the disc to rise and with
it a small valve to close the orifice, and then as the water which
passes through the narrow passage cannot escape it acts upon the top
of the piston, causing it to descend to lessen or close the passage in
the regulating cock. If the delivery tap is again full open, the pressure
under the disc is reduced and the piston rises by the action of the
water and the passage in the cock opened to allow the water to pass
through as before, and this description of regulating cock can be applied
to gas, steam, or other fluid.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Edme Augustin Chameroy in the Great Seal 3
Patent Office on the 1st February 1872.

page_text: WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Second day of August, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-one, in the thirty-
fifth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give
and grant unto me, the said Edme Augustin Chameroy, Her special
licence that I, the said Edme Augustin Chameroy, my executors, ad-
ministrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Edme Augustin
Chameroy, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time
agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR REGULATING THE PRESSURE IN DELIVERY PIPES
OF WATER, GAS, STEAM, AND OTHER FLUIDS," upon the condition (amongst
others) that I, the said Edme Augustin Chameroy, my exccutors or
administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one
of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was
to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal
Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after
the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Edme Augustin Chameroy, do
hereby declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement (that is to say) :-
:―
In the undertakings for the distribution of water and gas, and
especially in the supply of water to towns, it is important to diminish
as much as possible the pressure in the conduits and pipes, inasmuch
as variable pressures have the great inconvenience of considerably
augmenting the loss by leakages, and causing the water to run through
the gauged delivery pipes or openings sometimes too fast and at other
times too slow. Extremely high pressures also produce effects similar
to those of a battering ram, doing great harm to the conduits and pipes
and causing leakages, and therefore to obtain a good service it is
important to diminish the pressure and limit it according to the required
wants. In the service for lighting by gas it is not less useful as regards
leakages and the regularity of consumption by limiting as much as

page_text: possible the pressure of the gas in the pipes; and for steam, whether
used as motive power or for any other purpose, it is equally important to
regulate the pressure.
My Invention for attaining these objects consists in the arrangement
and combination of improved regulating pressure cocks, the construction
of which will be clearly understood by the following particular description
thereof, reference being had to the figures and letters on the accompany-
ing Sheet of Drawings, in which Fig. 1 is a longitudinal section of one
arrangement of my improved cocks for regulating the pressure on the
delivery pipes of water, gas, steam, or other fluids, and Fig. 2 a longi-
tudinal section of a modification of the same, but for simplifying the
description I only allude to water.
The cock shewn in Fig. 1 consists of a box or shell A which is fixed
to a delivery pipe in which, for example, the pressure is to be limited to
two atmospheres, although the pressure of the water is much higher
where it runs into the interior of the cock. The water in its passage to
the box A passes through the pipe B and raises the piston F in the
chamber or cylinder C, and then passes onwards through the passage D
to the exit pipe E, but at the same time a small quantity of water passes
through a channel G formed in the casing of the box, and through an
orifice in the seating H of the valve I to the under side of the regulator J
to which the valve I is held up by the spring M. As long as the
pressure of the water in the pipe E is lower than two atmospheres these
conditions are maintained, but if there happens to be a diminution in
the quantity of water running from the cock, or if the discharge should
be entirely stopped, the pressure immediately rises to two atmospheres
under the regulator J, and thereby raises it and contracts the spring K,
and at the same time the spring M draws up the valve I and closes the
orifice in the valve seating H. The water which enters the channel G not
being able to run through the orifice slowly pushes down the piston on
to its seat to prevent any circulation of the water between the conduits
or pipes B, C, D, E, and therefore the pressure will cease to increase on
the exit side of the cock, because there is no circulation of water either
through the parts B, C, D, E, or the orifice. The pressure of the water
on the receiving side of the cock retakes its maximum pressure, which
is limited only by the height of the column of water from which the
cock is supplied. If from the delivery pipe another quantity of water is
allowed to run off the pressure under the regulator J is lowered, and the

page_text: valve I pushed down, and the orifice in the seating H opened by the
expansion of the spring K, and then the obstructing piston immediately
rising the water circulates through the pipes or passages B, C, D, E, as
before, there being an orifice or channel L forming a communication
between the under side of the regulator J and the discharge pipe E, and
when required the valve I is again raised by the spring M, and the
proper tension is given to the spring K by the adjusting screw.
In the modification shown in Fig. 2 the lower end of the piston F is
of a spherical or curved shape, and acts as a valve upon the scating, and
the parallel part acts as a piston, but it is without any packing. The
exterior diameter of the piston F is a little smaller than that of the
cylindrical chamber c, so that there shall be an annular passage all
round the piston for the water coming in through the pipe B to pass
through at the same time as the piston is being raised, which annular
passage is a substitute for and produces the same effect as the channel G
in Fig. 1. The water thus passing through the annular passage around
the piston F arrives by means of the orifice in the scating H to the
under side of the regulator j to act in an identical manner as that in
Fig. 1. It will be seen that in Fig. 2 the upper part of the box of the
regulating cock is bolted by the bolts p, and the adjusting screw is
recessed to receive the spring K which acts on the regulator j. It is
evident that the form of the piston may be changed without altering its
functions, and it may be provided at the bottom with a small projection
of less diameter than the piston in order to guide it in its movements.
When it is required to vary the pressure which influences the discharge
at the delivery side of the cock it is only necessary to turn the adjusting
screw of the spring K more or less in the required direction, since it is
upon that alone depends the opening or closing of the passage of the
water between the pipes B and E. In order to completely close the
cock the adjusting screw must be so loosened that the spring K cannot
act on the regulator j at any pressure whatever, and also in order to
obtain a maximum continuous delivery under the high pressure in the
pipe B the screw adjusting should be screwed down in such a manner as
to maintain the orifice in the seating H of the valve I open as long as
the continuously delivery is required to last.
My improved regulating cocks can be applied to all systems of cir-
culating and delivery conduits or pipes, whether for water, gas, steam,

page_text: and all other purposes where it is desired to avoid too great pressures, or
to make constant the pressure at which the fluids and gases should be
supplied or delivered, and thus it will be seen that my Invention com-
prises a system of regulating pressure cocks to be employed for the
important purposes of preventing the pressure of water, gas, steam, and
other fluids from passing beyond a certain required limit.
and all other purposes where it is desired to avoid too great pressures, or
to make constant the pressure at which the fluids and gases should be
supplied or delivered, and thus it will be seen that my Invention com-
prises a system of regulating pressure cocks to be employed for the
important purposes of preventing the pressure of water, gas, steam, and
other fluids from passing beyond a certain required limit.
The advantages to be derived from the application of this improved
system are,―
First. The opening and closing the cock at a pressure determined
beforehand.
Secondly. The regularity of the delivery of the fluids and gases under
a constant pressure.
Thirdly. The prevention of considerable loss occasioned by leakages
caused by useless pressures.
Fourthly. The prevention of shocks or sudden blows to the conduits or
pipes by having the pressure too high.
Fifthly. A reduction of the excessive thickness of the circulating and
delivering pipes.
And, sixthly. The capability of varying the pressure at the ends of
the delivering conduits or pipes.
This system of regulating pressure cocks is equally applicable to steam
engines and hydraulic machines for regulating in a constant manner the
required maximum or minimum pressure.
Having now described the nature and particulars of my said Inven-
tion, and the manner in which the same is to be performed, I desire it to
be understood that in my improved system of regulating pressure cocks
I claim,―
First. The channels G and L, Fig. 1, independent of the principal
passage B, D, E, the channel G leading the water to the top of the
piston F and below the regulator j.
And, secondly. The arrangement shewn in Fig. 2 in which the piston
is of smaller diameter than the cylindrical chamber C, in order to make
an annular space around the piston, which space allows the water to

page_text: pass to the top of the piston and below the regulator, the annular space
being a substitute for the channel G, Fig. 1.
In witness whereof, I, the said Edme Augustin Chameroy, have
hereunto set my hand and seal, this Twenty-second day of
January, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred
and seventy-two.
Witness,
CHARLES FROSSARD,
Civil Engineer,
Rue Bouchardois, No. 16,
á Paris.
E. A. CHAMEROY. (L.S.)