IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE A DRAMA DA Cream Azn Anmraz.ng
Year: 1854

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James Fenton, of Low Moor, in the County of York,
Civil Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE
A DRAMA DA Cream Azn Anmraz.ng"
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James Fenton at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
16th December 1854.
I, JAMES FENTON, of Low Moor, in the County of York, Civil Engineer, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF AXLES, PISTON RODS, AND SHAFTS, GIRDERS, AND OTHER LIKE
ARTICLES," to be as follows:-
The mode in which I manufacture axles, piston rods, girders, and shafts is
as follows:-I first roll iron into a plate of any required thickness and size,
which is next coiled up, then brought to a welding heat in a suitable furnace
and drawn to the required shape under a hammer; or it may be welded by
passing it when at a welding heat through a pair of rolls. It may either be
welded completely through, or only partially, say half, through the mass; a
compound shaft will thus be formed, neither solid nor hollow, which it will be
nearly impossible to break; or an iron plate may be coiled spirally, layer above
layer, and when the requisite number of layers are so spirally coiled, the mass
may be welded as above.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said James Fenton in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
13th June 1855.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JAMES
FENTON, of Low Moor, in the County of York, Civil Engineer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Sixteenth day of December, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-four, in the eighteenth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said James Fenton, Her special licence that I, the said James Fenton,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said James
Fenton, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during
the term therein expressed, should and lawfully, might make, use, exercise,
and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF AXLES, PISTON RODS, AND SHAFTS, GIRDERS, AND OTHER LIKE
ARTICLES," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said James
Fenton, by an instrument in writing under my hand and seal, should par-
ticularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the
Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately
after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said James Fenton, do hereby declare the
nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement thereof, that is to say:-
My Invention consists in a mode of manufacturing axles, piston rods, and
shafts, girders, and other like articles by rolling up or coiling a plate of iron
of any required thickness and size into a compact roll or coil, next bringing
it to a welding heat in a suitable furnace, and then drawing it to the required
shape under a hammer, or by passing it when at a welding heat through a
pair of rolls. The welding may be carried completely through or only partially,
say half, through the mass; if the latter, a compound axle or other article will
thus be formed, neither solid nor hollow, which it will be nearly impossible to
break.
The manner in which my Invention is performed is as follows:-A plate of

page_text: iron is selected or prepared, of a suitable length, width, and thickness to form
a compact roll or coil, containing sufficient metal for the production of the
intended axle or other article. The thickness, and consequently.the other
dimensions of the plate, will depend upon the quality, of the iron, employed.
This plate is heated to a red heat (when needful), and two or more workmen
with tongs or pincers turn up one of the edges; hammermen then bend down
this turned-up edge on to the side of the plate, so as to form the commence-
ment of a roll or coil; after which the operation is continued in the same
manner until the whole of the plate has been rolled up, after which it may be
passed through a pair of rolls, if considered necessary. A compact roll or
coil of metal being thus produced, it is heated to the welding heat in an air
or other suitable furnace, and then welded and drawn down under a hammer to
the form of the axle or other article required to be manufactured. The welding
and shaping of the axle or other article may also be performed by passing the
roll or coil of metal when at the welding heat between a pair of rollers, having
sets of grooves of gradually decreasing diameter, in the manner commonly prac-
tised when rolling bars and rods of iron; or the roll or coil may be submitted
first to a hammering process, and then passed between grooved rollers until it
is reduced to the required shape. The plate of iron employed for forming a
coil or roll which is to be manufactured into an axle or other like article may
be a compound one, that is, it may be composed of iron of different qualities,
and in this case the plate should be so rolled up or coiled as to bring the
iron of superior quality at the outer part or surface of the roll or coil. Two
or more different qualities of iron may thus be combined in the same axle or
other like article. In some cases also a small solid or hollow core or centre
may be employed, and the plate of iron may be rolled up or coiled around this
core until a mass has been produced of sufficient size for the production of the
intended axle or other like article; the process of manufacture is then con-
cluded as above directed. Although in the foregoing description I have only
mentioned hand labour as the means of rolling up or coiling the plates of iron
into a compact roll or coil, I do not mean to confine myself thereto, as in
some cases machinery suitably arranged for the purpose may also be made
use of.
And having now described the nature of my said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I claim is, the
mode of manufacturing axles, piston rods, and shafts, girders, and other like
articles by rolling up or coiling a plate of iron into a compact roll or coil,
next bringing this roll or coil to a welding heat, and then drawing it to the

page_text: required shape under a hammer, or by passing it between rollers, or by a
combination of hammering and rolling processes.
In witness whereof, I, the said James Fenton, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Twelfth day of June, One thousand eight hundred
and fifty-five.
JAMES FENTON. (L.S.)