IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF ROTATORY PUDDLING
Year: 1875

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Ephraim Allcock Jones and John Allcock
Jones, both of Middlesbrough, in the County of York, for the
Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF ROTATORY PUDDLING
Sealed the 23rd December 1875, and dated the 16th October 1875.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Ephraim Allcock
Jones and John Allcock Jones at the Office of the Commissioners
of Patents, with their Petition, on the 16th October 1875.
We, EPHRAIM ALLCOCK JONES and JOHN ALLCOOK JONES, both of
Middlesborough, in the County of York, do hereby declare the nature of
our said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF ROTATORY
PUDDLING FURNACES, AND IN APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH,'
"3 to be as
follows:-
Our Invention relates to rotatory puddling furnaces having an outer
and an inner casing, between which water is caused to circulate for the
purpose of maintaining the parts cool, and it consists, -
First. In constructing such furnaces in several parts connected
together in such a manner as to render them capable of being readily

page_text: separated or detached in order to remove any part that has become worn,
and replace it by a new part without disarranging the rest of the furnace.
In carrying out this part of our Invention we construct the outer and
inner barrels or casings separately of wrought or cast iron or steel, and
either strengthened with flanges or ribs, or plain, as desired, and we con-
nect the two casings together by end pieces arranged so as to maintain
them in their correct positions, and bolted either together by means of
bolts passing between the two casings or to rings of angle iron, or to
lugs rivetted or otherwise secured to the two casings; the casings and the
end pieces may be otherwise secured together so as to admit of the parts
being readily separated. The joint is made water-tight by the inter-
position of a packing of leather, india-rubber, iron cement, or other
suitable material between the end pieces and the casings, and between
the angle iron or lugs and the end pieces, or by turned surfaces
or other suitable means. The inner and outer casings may be con-
structed so as to leave an equal space between them throughout their
length, constituting two parallel barrels, or the inner casing may be
constructed in such a manner as that the internal diameter thereof
at one or both ends shall be less than that of the central part; this
may be effected in various ways. According to one modification we
make the inner casing shorter than the outer one, and join on to the
ends thereof separate short tubes or rings of less diameter than the
inner casing, to which short tubes or rings, and to the outer casing the
end pieces are to be secured.
According to another modification we make both the casings shorter
than the required finished length of the barrel and attach one or
both ends of the same a hollow tube or ring, the outer diameter of
which corresponds with the external diameter of the outer casing, whilst
the inner diameter less than in the internal diameter of the inner
casing. The two casings may be constructed in any suitable manner,
so as to form a central annular water space or chamber, and the addi-
tional rings or tubes lastly mentioned, or the end pieces previously
mentioned; or both may be made of any convenient shape to suit the
desired form of the interior of the furnace. The rings or tubes and
the end pieces are made hollow for the circulation of water, their water
spaces or chambers being arranged either so as to receive water sepa-
rately or independently of the main or central water space or chamber,
or so as to be in communication with such central space or chamber.

page_text: We further make the before-mentioned rings, tubes, or end pieces of
such a shape that they are partially enclosed by the inner casing, and
they may be constructed in segments, so that their interior shall form a
hollow chamber surrounded by the metal which constitutes the internal
side of the water chamber of such rings, tubes, or end pieces. The
diameter of the open end or ends of the inner casings as now used, may
also be reduced by means of filling-in pieces which may be secured
either within the mouths or open ends, or on the outside or in fronts
thereof. These filling-in pieces may consist of rings constructed in one
piece, or of several pieces connected together, and may be made solid,
but we prefer to make them hollow in order to admit of water circu-
lating through them, in the manner herein-before described. They may
be maintained in the position by means of keys or wedges, or by bolting
them to angle iron or lugs secured to the inner casing, or they may be
held in position by means of clips secured to the end pieces which con-
nect the two casings, and made to bear upon or press against the
filling-in pieces. The ordinary abrasion rings are secured to the rings
or tubes, or end pieces, or filling-in pieces in the usual manner.
The water which is caused to circulate between the inner and outer
barrels or casings, and in the rings or tubes and end pieces and filling-in
pieces may be admitted by any suitable means, but we prefer to employ
those means described in the Specifications of Letters Patent granted
to us, dated 1st December 1874, No. 4122, and 15 March 1875,
No. 956.
Secondly. Of certain improvements upon the apparatus for admitting
water to the chambers between the two casings described in the Specifi-
cation of the Letters Patent, secondly mentioned, granted to us as
aforesaid. In the said Specification there is described an arrangement
of stationary and revolving rings forming an annular channel for the
passage of the water, one distinctive feature of the arrangement being
the combination with the before-mentioned rings of an annular flexible
packing ring or band, which is so fitted and arranged as to be forced
into contact with the adjacent parts by the pressure of the water
within the first-mentioned rings, and thus maintain the joint water-
tight.
According to this part of our present Invention we employ, in com-
bination with the annular packing ring or band before-mentioned, and
the apparatus described in the said Specification, means of balancing or

page_text: suspending the stationary ring. For this purpose we employ either a
balance weight attached by a chain passing over a pulley to the
stationary ring which works within the ring fixed to the rotatory
furnace or springs such, for example, as a volute spring or a carriage
spring, or means for wedging up such, for example, as a screw or a
balance weight and lever arranged in such a manner that the stationary
ring is balanced or suspended, whereby the pressure due to its weight
acting against the rotating ring is relieved, the friction and consequent
wear of the rings are diminished, and a considerable saving is effected
in the motive power required for working the furnaces.
We also employ the means of balancing or suspending the stationary
ring herein-before referred to, when packing of any other description
than a band, and whether pressed in by glands or otherwise is used for
maintaining a tight joint. The stationary ring is sceured so as to
prevent it from following the revolving ring in its motion by means of
connecting pieces, struts, chains, or similar devices attached at one
end to the ring, and at the opposite end to the bed plate of the
machine.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Ephraim Allcock Jones and John Allcock Jones
in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 15th April 1876.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, EPHRAIM
ALLCOCK JONES and JOHN ALLCOCK JONES, both of Middlesborough, in
the County of York, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Sixteenth day of October, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-five, in the
39th year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto us, the said Ephraim Allcock Jones and John
Allcock Jones, Her special license that we, the said Ephraim Allcock
Jones and John Allcock Jones, our executors, administrators, and
assigns, or such others as we, the said Ephraim Allcock Jones and
John Allcock Jones, our executors, administrators, or assigns, should
at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all

page_text: times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and law-
fully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom
of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man,
an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF ROTATORY
PUDDLING FURNACES, AND IN APPARATUS CONNECTED THERE WITH," upon the con-
dition (amongst others) that we, the said Ephraim Allcock Jones and
John Allcock Jones, our executors or administrators, by an instrument
in writing under our hands and scals, or under the hand and seal of one
of us, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the
said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed,
and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within
six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said
Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said Ephraim Allcock Jones and
John Allcock Jones, do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention,
and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement, reference
being had to the accompanying Drawings, and to the letters and figures
marked thereon, that is to say :-
Our Invention relates to rotatory puddling furnaces having an outer
and an inner casing, between which water is caused to circulate for the
purpose of maintaining the parts cool, and it consists,—
First. In constructing such furnaces with multiple water chambers
connected together in such a manner as to render them capable of
being readily separated or detached in order to remove any portion
which has become worn, and replace it by a new portion without dis-
arranging the rest of the furnace.
The furnace may be constructed either with its external periphery
parallel with its internal periphery throughout the entire length, or with
its internal diameter at one or both ends less than that of the central
portion. In the former case the water space is composed longitudinally
of a central or main water chamber, and two end water chambers of
uniform diameter. When however it is required to make the internal
diameter at one or both ends less than that of the central portion the
external and internal peripheries of the central or main water chamber
are made parallel throughout its length, and the end water chamber or
water chambers is or are made of the same diamenter on their exterior
as the central or main water chamber, but in their interior of a diameter

page_text: sufficiently smaller than the internal diameter of the central or main
water chamber to reduce the opening at the end or ends to the required
size. The hollow pieces forming the end water chambers may be made
of such a shape that they are partially or wholly enclosed by the inner
casing of the central or main water chamber, or they may project beyond
the ends of the central water chamber so as to form filling pieces. Each
of the water chambers is constructed with its outer and inner barrels or
casings separately of wrought iron, or cast iron, or steel, or a com-
bination of such metals, and either strengthened with flanges, or ribs, or
plain, as desired, and the two casings of any corresponding chamber are
connected together by end pieces, arranged so as to maintain them in
their correct positions, and bolted either together by means of bolts
passing between the casings, or to rings of angle iron or to lugs rivetted
or otherwise secured to the two casings, or the casings and the end
pieces may be otherwise secured together, so as to admit of the parts
being readily separated. The joint is made water-tight by the inter-
position of a packing of leather, india-rubber, iron cement, or other
suitable material between the contiguous end pieces, and between the
end pieces and the casings and between the angle iron or lugs and the
end pieces or by turned surfaces or other suitable means. The hollow
end or filling pieces forming the end water chambers may also be con-
structed in radial segments, connected together so as to admit of any
one segment being removed when deteriorated, and replaced by a new
one without disarranging the other portions of the furnace, and the
hollow end or filling pieces themselves are attached bodily to the central
or main water chamber by means of keys or wedges or by bolting them
to angle iron or lugs secured to the inner casing, or they may be held in
position by means of clips secured to the end pieces which connect the
two casings of the central or main water chamber, and made to bear
upon or press against the hollow end pieces or filling pieces. The
ordinary abrasion rings are secured to the hollow end pieces or filling
pieces in the usual manner.
The end water chambers may be arranged so as to receive water either
directly independently of the central or main water space or chamber, or
so as to be in communication with such central space or chamber.
The water which is caused to circulate in the several water spaces or
chambers may be admitted by any suitable means, but we prefer to
employ those means described in the Specification of Letters Patent

page_text: granted to us dated First December, One thousand eight hundred and
seventy-four, No. 4122, and Fifteenth March, One thousand eight
hundred and seventy-five, No. 956.
Secondly. Of certain improvements upon the apparatus for admitting
water to the chamber between the two casings described in the Specifi-
cation of the Letters Patent secondly mentioned granted to us as
aforesaid. In the said Specification there is described an arrangement
of stationary and revolving rings forming an annular channel for the
passage of the water, one distinctive feature of the arrangement being
the combination with the before-mentioned rings of an aunular flexible
packing ring or band, which is so fitted and arranged as to be forced
into contact with the adjacent parts by the pressure of the water within
the first-mentioned rings, and thus maintain the joint water-tight.
According to this part of our present Invention we employ in com-
bination with the annular packing ring or band before mentioned and
the apparatus described in the said Specification means of balancing or
suspending the stationary ring. For this purpose we employ either a
balance weight attached by a chain passing over a pulley to the
stationary ring which works within the ring fixed to the rotatory
furnace or springs, such for example as a volute spring or a carriage
spring, or means for wedging up, such for example as a screw or a
balance weight and lever arranged in such a manner that the stationary
ring is balanced or suspended, whereby the pressure due to its weight
acting against the rotating ring is relieved, the friction and consequent
wear of the rings are diminished, and a considerable saving is effected
in the motive power required for working the furnaces. We also
employ the means of balancing or suspending the stationary ring
herein-before referred to when packing of any other description than a
band, and whether pressed in by glands or otherwise, is used for main-
taining a tight joint, or when ground surfaces without packing are used
for a similar purpose.
And in order that our said Invention may be fully understood we
shall now proceed more particularly to describe the same, and for that
purpose shall refer to the several Figures on the annexed Sheets of
Drawings, the same letters of reference indicating corresponding parts
in all the Figures.
Figures 1 to 10, Sheet 1, of the accompanying Drawings represent
various modifications of rotatory puddling furnaces constructed according

page_text: to the first part of our Invention; and Figures 11, 12, 13, 14, and 15,
Sheet 2, illustrate various modes of carrying out the second part of our
Invention.
In Figures 1 and 2, Sheet 1, of our Drawings A represents the central
or main water chamber, consisting of an inner casing a and an outor
casing of wrought iron, connected by bolts and angle iron rings c to
end pieces d, so as to be capable of being readily taken apart when
required. The inner casing a is strengthened by rings of angle iron
secured to its interior in any suitable manner; B, B, are two other water
chambers constructed in a similar manner to the chamber A, and con-
sisting of an inner casing a and an outer casing 6" of wrought iron
connected together by end pieces d', d¹¹. The chambers B, B, are con-
nected to the chamber A by means of long bolts or tic rods e extending
through the whole of the chambers and secured by means of nuts f; or
the chambers B, B, may be connected to the central or main water
chamber A by bolting the inner end pieces d' of the former to the end
pieces d of the latter.
By constructing the chambers and connecting them together in the
manner above described either of the chambers B, or any one of the
plates of which they are composed may be readily detached when worn
and replaced by a fresh one without disarranging the other parts of the
furnace.
The chambers A and B may be constructed either entirely of wrought
iron, as shewn in Figure 1, in the case of the chamber A, or they may
be formed of cast irou and wrought iron combined together in the
manner shewn in Figure 1 in the case of the chambers B, B, or other-
wise, or wholly of cast iron, the several chambers being connected
together, as herein-before described, or in any other suitable manner, so
as to attain the same object.
The central or main water chamber A is supplied with water by any
suitable means, but we prefer to employ the arrangements of apparatus
described in the Specification to Letters Patent granted to us and
dated March Fifteenth, One thousand eight hundred and seventy-five,
No. 956; and the chambers B may be similarly provided with special
apparatus for the admission of water therein, or they may be made
to communicate with the central or main water chamber A. The
internal periphery of the chambers B may be made parallel with
their external periphery and of the same diameter as the interior

page_text: casing a of the chamber A, as shewn in Figure 4, the furnace being
in that case of an equal internal diameter throughout its length; or
the internal periphery of the chambers B may be made of an angular
form, or of less internal diameter than that of the chamber A, as shewn
in Figures 1, 3, and 5, Sheet 1, so as to reduce the open ends or mouths
of the furnace to the required size.
Filling pieces, each consisting of a plate or ring g of metal, may be
fitted on to the chambers B for the purpose of further reducing, if
necessary, the size of the furnace mouth, to which filling pieces the
ordinary abrasion rings h may be secured, as shown in Figures 1 and 2;
or the abrasion rings may be connected to the chambers B direct, as
shewn in Figures 3, 5, 6, 7, 8, and 9. i is a packing of leather, india-
rubber, iron cement, or other suitable material interposed between the
contiguous end pieces of the chambers A and B, and between the end
pieces and the casings of which the said chambers are composed, and
between the lugs or rings of angle iron c attached to the casings a and b
for the purpose of making a tight joint at those parts.
The solid filling-in pieces g, g, Figure 1, may be adapted to the
arrangements shown in Figures 4, 7, and 8, in combination or not with
the hollow rings B, B, in the arrangements Figures 7 and 8, but in
conjunction with the rings B, B, in the arrangement, Figure 4.
In the modification illustrated by Figure 6, Sheet 1, the end chamber
B is made of such a shape as that a portion thereof enters within or is
surrounded by the inner casing a of the central or main water chamber A,
and forms a filling piece to reduce the size of the open end of the casing,
whilst the outer diameter of the portion which projects beyond the end
of the casings a and b is made to correspond in diameter with the
diameter of the outer casing 6 of the chamber A.
In the modifications illustrated by Figures 7, 8, and 9 the chambers B
which form filling pieces are inserted in the interior of the casing a,
in which they are secured either by means of keys or wedges k, as shown
in Figure 7, so as to maintain it in position against an internal ring of
angle iron, or by clip pieces m carried by the end pieces d of the main
water chamber A, in which latter case they are caused to bear against
the outer surface of the chamber B, or against the abrasion ring h
secured thereto, as shewn in Figure 8; or the chamber B may be con-
nected to the chamber A by bolts passing through a flange n provided

page_text: in the exterior of the chamber B, as shown in Figure 9, or in any other
convenient manner so as to admit of the chambers being readily
separated or detached.
The chambers B may be made of a rectangular form in section, as
shewn in Figures 4, 5, 7, and 8, or of a segmental or curved shape, as
shewn in Figure 9, or of any other desired shape.
We sometimes construct the chambers B in radial segments counccted
together by bolts o, as shown in Figure 10, in order that when any one
part has become worn it may be readily detached by removing the
bolts and replaced by a fresh one without disarranging the other portions
of the chamber.
By means of the arrangements comprised in the first part of our
Invention, those portions of the water containing capacity of the
furnace which are exposed to the greatest amount of wear or
deterioration are, by being constructed in separate chambers, rendered
capable of renewal without sacrificing the whole of the furnace or
disarranging the remaining portions, whilst by forming cach chamber
itself in parts fitted together in the manner herein-before described,
any one part is also rendered capable of being removed and replaced by
another without renewing the whole of the chamber.
The second part of our Invention is illustrated in Figures 11, 12, 13,
14, and 15, Sheet 2 of our Drawings, which represent respectively
transverse sections of rotary puddling furnaces with five modifications
of our improvements applied to the stationary ring, the latter being
shewn in elevation.
Figures 11 and 12 shew the application of balance weights M for the
purpose of balancing or suspending the ring N. In the arrangement
Figure 11, the weight M is connected to the flanges of the ring N by
means of a chain O passing over pulleys P, P.
In the modification, Figure 12, the weights M are suspended at the
outer ends of levers Q which are mounted respectively on centres or
fulcra R, R, in standards S at each side of the furnace, and support by
their opposite ends the flanges T of the ring N.
Figures 13, 14, and 15 illustrate the application of springs in sub-
stitution for the balance weights.

page_text: In the arrangement, Figure 13, a spiral spring U is employed sus-
pended from a fixed point above, and connected at its lower end to the
flanges T of the ring N.
In the modification, Figure. 14, the ring N is suspended by means
of volute springs U resting upon the base plate L of the machine, and
attached respectively to the lower extremities of vertical rods V secured
at their upper ends to the flanges T, T, of the ring N.
In the modification, Figure 15, we employ a carriage suspension
spring U which rests upon the base plate L, and is provided with
upward projections V embrasing the flanges T, and forming a yielding
support for the ring.
In lieu of employing balance weights or springs the stationary ring
may be maintained in a state of suspension by means of screws or
cquivalent mechanical devices.
The arrangements herein-before described whilst effecting the sus-
pension of the ring N, also serve to counteract any tendency which it
may have to rotate with the revolving ring.
The means of balancing or suspending the stationary ring are also
applicable with rings of other constructions than that herein-before
described, and in combination or not with any suitable description of
packing.
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of our
said Invention, and the manner in which the same is or may be used or
carried into effect, we would observe in conclusion that we are aware
that it has been previously proposed to construct the abrasion rings
which form the wearing surfaces between the stationary portions and
the moveable portion of a rotary puddling furnace hollow for the cir-
culation of cold water; also to attach solid abrasion rings to hollow
rings having cold water circulation, and secured to the contracted or
reduced ends of a rotary puddling furnace, and therefore we wish it
to be understood that to neither of these arrangements do we lay any
claim as forming any part of our present Invention; but what we
consider to be novel and original and therefore claim as the Invention
secured to us by the herein-before in part recited Letters Patent is,―
First. Constructing rotary puddling furnaces with multiple water
chambers formed, fitted, arranged, and combined together in such a

page_text: manner as to admit of the renewal of any portion without disarranging
the remaining portions of the furnace, substantially as herein-before
described and illustrated by our Drawings.
Secondly. The application to the end or ends of a rotary barrel con-
structed as herein set forth of separate end and filling pieces, substantially
as herein-before described.
Thirdly. The combination with revolving and stationary rings applied
to a double-cased rotary puddling furnace for the purpose herein set
forth of means of balancing or suspending the stationary rings, sub-
stantially as hercin-before described.
In witness whereof, we, the said Ephraim Allcock Jones and John
Allcock Jones, have to this our Specification set our hands and
seals, the Twelfth day of April One thousand eight hundred and
seventy-six.