IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF LACE PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION OF MADE ON BOBBIN NET OR TWIST LACE MACHINES
Year: 1870

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Thomas Wright and Isaac Fox, both of the
Town and County of the Town of Nottingham, Lace Manufacturers,
for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF LACE
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Thomas Wright and
Isaac Fox at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 26th April 1870.
We, THOMAS WRIGHT and ISAAC Fox, both of the Town and County
of the Town of Nottingham, Lace Manufacturers, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF
LACE MADE ON BOBBIN NET OR TWIST LACE MACHINES," to be as follows:-
The main or peculiar feature of this Invention consists in the
employment of bobbin threads and warp threads in the production of
what is known in the lace trade as "tabby weavings," and this we
accomplish in manner following:-Suppose that we wish to make a
woven band or breadth, say, one quarter of an inch in width, we employ

page_text: a bobbin thread and a warp thread at each selvage of the band or
breadth, and one or more bobbin threads are employed between each
selvage; this or these bobbin threads are passed alternately from front
to back and from back to front of the machine between the intermediate
warp threads, which are moved to the right or left alternately. During
these movements the bobbin threads are passed between them, the right
selvage warp thread passing round the intermediate bobbin thread or
threads and drawing it or them to the right selvage, and drawing also
the left selvage warp thread round the intermediate bobbin thread or
threads and drawing it or them to the left selvage thereof.
Suppose we desire to make a one-quarter inch band or breadth upon,
say, a ten point machine, we employ five or any less number of bobbin
threads and the required number of warp threads, say, four warp threads,
to each bobbin thread, which are woven as above described. We thus
weave the bobbin threads with the required number of warp threads
backward and forward producing a perfect bobbin weaving with two
motions only of the machine; and by repeating this arrangement of
warp threads and carriage or bobbin threads we can produce any width
of weaving or weavings extending the entire width of the machine
employed.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Thomas Wright and Isaac Fox in the Great Seal
Patent Office on the 26th October 1870.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, THOMAS
WRIGHT and ISAAC Fox, both of the Town and County of the Town of 2
Nottingham, Lace Manufacturers, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-sixth day of April, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy, in the thirty-
third year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and, successors, give
and grant unto us, the said Thomas Wright and Isaac Fox, Her
special licence that we, the said Thomas Wright and Isaac Fox,
our executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as we, the
said Thomas Wright and Isaac Fox, our executors, administrators,

page_text: and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from timo
to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed,
should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands,
and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACture
OF LACE MADE ON BOBBIN NET OR TWIST LACE MACHINES," upon the condition
(amongst others) that we, the said Thomas Wright and Isaac Fox,
our executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under our,
or their, hands and seals, or under the hand and seal of one of us, or
them, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and
cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said Thomas Wright and Isaac
Fox, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention, and in
what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described
and ascertained in and by the following statement thereof, reference
being had to the accompanying Drawings, and to the letters and figures
marked thereon, that is to say :—
The main or peculiar feature of this Invention consists in the employ-
ment of bobbin threads and warp threads in the production of what is
known in the lace trade as tabby weavings, and this we accomplish in
manner following-Suppose that we wish to make a woven band or
breadth, say one-quarter of an inch in width, we employ a bobbin thread
and a warp thread at each selvage of the band or breadth, and one or
more bobbin threads are employed between each selvage. This bobbin
thread or these bobbin threads are passed alternately from front to back
and from back to front of the machine between the intermediate warp
threads, which warp threads are moved to the right or left alternately in
the usual way. During these movements the bobbin threads are passed
between them, the right selvage warp thread passing round the inter-
mediate bobbin thread or threads, and drawing it or them to the right
selvage, and the left selvage warp passing round the intermediate bobbin
thread or threads and drawing it or them to the left selvage thereof.
Or suppose we desire to make a one-quarter inch band or breadth
upon, say, a ten-point machine, we employ five or any less number of

page_text: first instance, from left to right over the bobbin threads Nos. 1 and 2,
No. 2 warp thread being a left twisted thread is moved from right to left
of No. 2 bobbin thread; No. 3 warp thread is a right twisted thread, and
is moved from left to right of No. 2 bobbin thread; No. 4 warp thread a
left twisted thread is moved from right to left of No. 2 bobbin thread,
and No. 5 warp thread a right twisted thread is moved from left to right
of Nos. 2 and 3 bobbin threads, and so on for any width of weaving
or fining required to be made. These threads all resume their first
position the next motion of the machine, unless we desire to leave off
making the fining and wish to make net or open works, then instead of
every fourth thread moving over two bobbin threads it moves only over
one bobbin thread, as shown at the lower portion of Figures 1 and 2,
thus producing woven pillars, which being joined at intervals make the
net or open work required.
Figure 1 is an enlarged view shewing the five warp threads and three
bobbin threads woven as above described. If we employ three warp
threads to one bobbin thread, see Figures 3 and 4, every third warp
thread is moved at every motion of the machine over two bobbin
thi cads from left to right or right to left alternately. The two inter-
mediate warp threads move every motion over one bobbin thread from
left to right or right to left alternately. Suppose No. 1 warp thread to
be a right twisted thread, which thread is moved in the first instance
from left to right over the bobbin threads Nos. 1 and 2, No. 2 warp
thread a left twisted thread is moved from right to left of No. 2 bobbin
thread (the warp threads being right and left twisted threads alternately
throughout the entire width of weaving or fining required). Warp thread.
No. 3 right twist is moved from left to right of No. 2 bobbin thread;
No. 4 warp thread left twist is moved from right to left over the bobbin
threads Nos. 2 and 3; No. 5 warp thread, right twist, is moved from left
to right of No. 3 bobbin thread; No. 6 warp thread, left twist, is moved
from right to left of No. 3 bobbin thread; No. 7 warp thread, right
twist, is moved the same as No. 1 warp thread, but stands two gates
higher in the machine, and so on in like manner the whole of the
threads resume their first position the next motion of the machine,
unless we desire to leave off making the fining and to make net or open
works, in such case every third thread moves over one bobbin thread
instead of two.

page_text: If we desire to make a band or breadth of weaving or fining, say one
quarter of an inch wide, with only one bobbin thread, or with two or
more bobbin threads working together as one, and weaving through the
cntire width, as seen at Figures 5 and 6, the warp thread marked 1 or
left-hand selvage thread is moved every motion over the bobbin threads
1 and 4, the even numbered warp threads marked 2 to 20 are moved
every motion over No. 4 bobbin thread, and the odd numbered warp
threads marked 3 to 21 are moved every motion also over No. 4 bobbin
thread the reverse way to the even numbers. The warp thread marked
No. 22 or right sclvage thread is moved every motion over the bobbin
threads Nos. 4 and 7. The weaving bobbin thread No. 4 is drawn from
side to side of the band or breadth by the selvage threads Nos. 1 and 22.
If the even numbered threads are left twisted the odd numbered threads
must be right twisted, and vice versa. To make the band as above
described the bobbin threads Nos. 2, 3, 5, and 6, are not required, and
consequently may be left out.
If we desire to make any considerable width of fining or lace we
employ two stump bars, in which we work those warp threads which are
moved over two bobbin threads by means of bottom bars. The inter-
mediate warp threads are moved by top bars or by stump bars which are
placed between the two stump bars first mentioned.
In our first arrangement, shewn at Figures 1 and 2, we should move
the warp threads Nos. 1 and 5 in two stump bars, and we should move
the warp threads Nos. 2, 3, and 4 in top bars or in stump bars placed
between the above-mentioned two stump bars. By these means we can
produce a more perfect two-motion bobbin fining or weaving than has
heretofore been produced. By using three warp threads to one bobbin
thread we can produce on a ten-point machine a fining or weaving equal
in density to that which has been produced on a fifteen-point machine,
and by the employment of four warp threads to one bobbin thread we
can produce fining equal in density to that which has hitherto been
produced on a twenty-point machine, and by using five warp threads to
one bobbin thread we produce fining of a density equal to that hitherto
produced on a twenty-five point machine, and so on in like manner.
Our Invention is adapted for making what are known in the trade as
tapes, Valenciennes, Honiton, and other superior description of lace

page_text: requiring a dense or thick fining. We can also produce fabrics similar
to those made on looms.
Having now described the nature of our said Invention, and in what
manner the same may be performed, we declare that we, claim, the mode
of manufacturing lace and tabby weavings on bobbin net or twist lace
machines, substantially as herein-before described.
In witness whereof, we, the said Thomas Wright and Isaac Fox,
have hereunto set our hands and seals, this Twenty-fifth day of
October, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred
and seventy.
Witness,
GEO. JON. ROBINSON,
Patent Office,
Nottingham.
THOMAS WRIGHT. (L.s.)
ISAAC FOX.
(L.S.)