IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF MATCHES FOR OBTAINING INSTANTANEOUS LIGHT, PART OF WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE APPLICABLE TO SAWING WOOD FOR OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1845

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, CHARLES.
MATHEW BARKER, of Manor Place, Walworth, in the County of Surrey, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her present most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her.
Royal Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date at
Westminster, the Twenty-second day of April, in the eighth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,.
the said Charles Mathew Baker, my exors, admors, or assigns, Her especial
licence, full power, sole privilege and authority, that I, the said Charles
Mathew Barker, my exors, admors, and assigns, or such. others as I, the.
said Charles Mathew Barker, my exors, admors; or assigns, should at any
time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times during the
term of years therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, .
exercise, and vend, within England, Wales, and the Town of Berwick-upon-
Tweed, my Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF MATCHES
FOR OBTAINING INSTANTANEOUS LIGHT, PART OF WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE APPLICABLE
TO SAWING WOOD FOR OTHER PURPOSES;" in which said Letters .Patent is
contained a proviso, that I, the said Charles Mathew Barker, shall cause a
particular description of the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be inrolled in Her said Majesty's High Court.
of Chancery within six calendar months next and immediately after the date:

page_text: being thereunto had, will more runy and a large app
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
Charles Mathew Barker,, do hereby declare that the nature of my said
Invention, and the manner in which the same is to be performed, are fully
described and ascertained in and by the following Statement thereof, reference
being had to the Drawings hereunto annexed, and to the figures and letters
marked thereon, that is to say:-
My Invention is applicable,
First, to that description of. matches for.. obtaining instantaneous light
where matters are used at the end of each match capable of igniting by
friction, and the improvements in such manufacture consist in coating over
such matters as to prevent the matches from being ignited by accidental
friction.
And secondly, my Invention consists of improvements in machinery for
sawing wood to be used in the making of matches, and also for sawing wood
for other purposes.
And in order that the Invention may be better understood and readily carried
into effect, I will proceed to describe the means pursued by me.
It is well known..that matches used for obtaining instantaneous light, where
the matters employed require friction to ignite them, are very liable to ignite
by friction accidentally communicated to them. And the object of part of my
Invention is. to. coat over, the matters, which if acted on by friction would
ignite, and thus to present a surface which must be removed by a quantity of
force or friction to, which matches are not accidentally liable. There are
many matters which may be, used as a coating for such purpose; I do not
therefore confine myself to the use of any particular material for that purpose,
but. I prefer the use of sulphur, because it is readily applied, and is itself.
inflammable; and applying sulphur, to such purposes, I take matches made, as,
heretofore, and suitable to be ignited by friction, and having a quantity of
sulphur..matter in..a suitable vessel, I dip, the ends into the sulphur so that
the matters previously. on the matches becomes immersed, and I quickly
withdraw. the matches and dip their, ends into water, so as to put out the flame,
and thus will..the matters on, the, matches, be cooled, and will require con-
siderable friction to remove the sulphur on the surface rubbed, so as to bring
the friction.to.act.on and ignite the matter below,, which will then ignite the
remaining sulphur and also the match..
'
...I will now, describe the second part of my Invention which applies to
machinery.for. straight sawing of wood, which is applicable to making of

page_text: matches; and this part of my Invention also applies to the machinery for cutting
wood, which is applicable to other purposes.....
The improvements in sawing consists of three parts. First, in straight
sawing; second, curvature sawing; and lastly, angular sawing with or
without curves.
i b
First, the present method is to "cut but one piece of wood with one saw,
mine is to cut two pieces of wood with' one saw, and for this purpose' in deal
sawing, I use a similar saw to the present straight saws, but with the addition
of another set of teeth on the other edge of the blade or back; and to use this
saw I pass one deal to the left and one to the right, the deals being above' one
another. The one beneath passing to the right, see Figure 2, is cut by the left-
hand edge of the saw as the saw is passing upward, and the deal above it is
cut by the right-hand edge of the saw whilst passing to the left as the saw is
coming down, so that there is no loss of time, and twice the quantity is
therefore cut in the same time as at present obtained. A ratchet wheel works
the wood up to be cut as described, but the saws must be set out of the per-
pendicular to allow them to clear the brasses, allowing the throw to assist in
clearing. ¡
Second, is by upright saws in a frame, and having a bed with two slide
rests: (as described) on the bed, with a horizontal frame to contain the wood.
The frame and slidé rests work up with the wood to the saws, and by means of
the slide rests and guide bars, and a centre pin, the curvatures are cut in the
wood; for the frame, wood, and slide rests are drawn to the sides of the bed; and
being so. drawn, the centre pin compels the ends of the wood to describe parts
of circles, and therefore the sawing is from the straight lines, and causes
curves:
1
:.
And lastly, angles are cut. by putting the wood to be cut in the shoes of the
horizontal frame as before, which shoes are hung on a centre, see Figure 10,
marked H, and by a rack and pinion. The end of the either or both the shoes
can be elevated so as to cut an acute or obtuse angle to the; surface, and
these angles can be made whilst the saws are cutting curves or otherwise; but
always used when cutting ship timber, such as floors, futtocks, or timbers of a
ship, the straight sawing for cutting deals; the curvature for ship timbers;
the angular for deals; straight sawing, angular and curvature sawing for ships'.
timbers.
DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS.,
7.9
Straight sawing. Figure 1 is an upright frame for cutting deals. A is the
stand; B is the slide bar; C is the frame (in which the saw is set) working up
and down B, and moved by a connecting rod G from a crank in motion from.

page_text: a prime mover, see Figure 7. D is a ratchet wheel and cog wheel on a
pinion (described in Figure 5, which work racks D, see Figure 5, to bring W
wood up to the saws, as indicated by the arrows. E rollers on which the wood
and racks rest. Figure 2 is a Drawing of the description of saw used, and
the straight lines on W wood show how the deals are cut; D the wheel
working the racks, wood as per arrows; E, a roller; F, the buckle to hold the
saw on the frame. Figure 3 is the rollers E, as are at present used, and P the
part on which the wood rests; the other roller is as I propose. M and Q are
where the wood rolls on, and O and X where the racks pass on. The purpose
of having them so made is to bring the two deals one above the other as near
as possible, so as not to make the saw too long. Figure 4 shews the four
deals, and the dotted lines on W wood shew where the saw will cut.
D is a double cog wheel on the pinion for the purpose of working the racks,
and their teeth are so set that racks X are alternately moving first the top
and then the bottom with each stroke of the saw, as required either in cut
down or up cut; I, I, are rollers, which keep wood W against the centre
plates, so that the wood may be firm to be sawn; N is the weight lever frame
holding the rollers I, and J is the weight (hanging over X a stand) that com-
pels N to press the rollers I against W wood; H is the stand, &c. Figure 5.
A, is the stand; C, the frame; G, the connecting rod; W, wood; D,
the racks, showing how they work over the rollers and the cog or ratchet
wheel D; the top rack is passing to the left over X, see Figure 3, and the
bottom rack passing over O, to the right; W, wood in dotted lines on the
pinion of the ratchet wheel D; a lever arm with a pall is worked from an eccen-
tric on the crank, see Figure 7, and turns one segment of the ratchet wheel
with each stroke of the crank and saws, and the racks with the wood is thus
brought up to the saws, while F is a band by which the racks are worked back
after the wood W is cut. Figure 6. The letters stand the same as above, and
shews the saw cutting the deals. Figure 7. A, the stand; B, the slide bar;
C, the frame;. S, the saw ;. D, the ratchet wheel and lever worked by F from
the excentric, and works R, cog wheel, to work an endless chain, in the links
of which chain the slide rest V is put; O, are the pins through the links, and
by the chain and wheel, drawn up to S, saw; V, is the top slides, and the
small circle screws (described in Figure 8) that works the guide bars T and
horizontal frame B (in Figure 8); W, is the wood; G, a handle turning the
rod F, and working a rack and pinion; and O, the frame (described in
Figure 9); X, the centres, which fix on to the guide bars, see Figure 8; Z,
the centre rest of the stand (to which the plates I in Figure 4 are attached)
and support of centre guide pin, see Figure 8, Y; C, the stand bed on which

page_text: the slide rests, work, &c., carrying the wood to the saws to be cut. Figure 8.
A, the stand; Z, the centre, bearing the centre pin Y, which regulate the
guide bars T; B, the slide bar; and C, the frame holding S, S, the saws;
W, the wood; H, shoes (containing dogs, see Figure 9,) to keep the wood
firm in its place to be cut; R, cog wheels and chain, in which the pins belong
to slide rest U is put, and works the wood W and slide rest, &c. towards the
saw S. Now K are screws and cog wheel, with M, a chain, by which the screw
are turned by the attendant which the slide rests V is drawn to either side of
the bed C, and these screws are a left-hand screw and a right-hand screw,
so that should the bottom slide rest No. 1 be drawn over to the left-hand
side, as indicated by the dotted Drawing, a curve similar to the one drawn on
W wood, from S, saw, will be obtained, as No. 2, V, slide rest will be sent
by the screw over to the opposite side; and should the chain M be moved as
the arrows shew, the slide rest will go as per arrows, and a curvature the
reverse will be cut beneath the one drawn as before described. The great use
of the centre guide pin will now appear to keep the guide bars central, regu-
lating the curves. B is a semicircular frame fixed on the guide bars T at
any distance from each other, for the purpose of holding the wood in the
shoes. Z is the centre rest of the frame, and D the ratchet wheel. I have only
shewn that these S would only have cut wood at right angles to the surface,
and therefore useless for ship timbers when they require to be sawn with acute
or obtuse angles to their surface, the part purpose of this sawing frame, there-
fore I use a rack and pinion with levers, as seen in Figure 9, and lift the ends
of H, as there shewn by the dotted lines. Place the wood W in a similar
position to W No. 1, in Figure 10, shewing how the straight saw would cut
the angle while it was sawing a curve, and the handle in Figure 7 shews how
both ends of the timber is lifted at the same time as the bar P' works the pinion
at both ends, elevating or depressing the ends of the shoes, see Figure 9.
This is performed by a boy, under the direction of the attendant, who works
the chain M for the curves. Figure 9. O, is the frame, as in Figure 7; and
E the-handle, which causes the R rack to rise, thereby elevating the ends
nearest rack R of the shoes H, with D dogs so to put the wood in a position,
as shewn in Figure 10 as W No. 1. S is the centre, on which the shoes H
hang; B is the semicircular frame made fast to the guide bars T in Figure 8;
the centre of the pinion P is the same as in Figure 7. Figure 11. A, is the
stand; B, the slide bars; C, the frame working on B; H, the buckles holding
bars; Y, centre pin;
the saws, with wedges on C frame; W, wood; T, guide
*, centre block for connecting rod G to work in moving the frame C on

page_text: guide rods B;D; the rack and pinion; and R the cog wheel for 'endless
chain to work; E, the band to work back the slide rests, guide bars, &c. to
their original position.
sh
Having thus described the nature of my Invention, and the manner, in
which the same is to be performed, I would have it understood that I do not
make any claim to the separate details of the machinery, herein described,
they in their separate state being old; nor do I confine myself to the details
so long as the peculiar character of combination of the mechanical parts in
each machine be retained; but what I claim is,
First, the mode of manufacturing matches for providing instantaneous light, 1
by coating over the matters used; ignitable with friction with other matter,- to
prevent accidental friction igniting such matches; and,...
Secondly, I claim the modes of combining mechanical parts into machines
for sawing, when for making matches, and for other purposes.
And I also claim the sawing with both edges of a straight saw, as herein 1
described.
In witness 'whereof, I; the said Charles Mathew Barker, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Twenty-second day of October, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and forty-five.
CHARLES MATHEW (L.s.) BARKER.
AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the Twenty-second day of October,
in the year of our Lord 1845; the aforesaid Charles Mathew Barker came
CHARLES MATHEW (L.s.) BARKER.
AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the Twenty-second day of October,
in"the year of our Lord 1845; the aforesaid Charles Mathew Barker came
before our said Lady the Queen in Her Chancery, and acknowledged the
Specification aforesaid, and' all and every thing therein contained and speci-
fied, in form above written. And also the Specification aforesaid was stamped
according to the tenor of the Statute made for that purpose.
Enrolled the Twenty-second day of October, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and forty-five.