IMPROVEMENTS IN WATERCLOSETS
Year: 1875

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Martin Zadick Just, of 5, Newman's Court,
Cornhill, in the City of London, and John Downton, of 71, West
India Dock Road, Limehouse, in the County of Middlesex, for the
Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN WATERCLOSETS."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Martin Zadick Just
and John Downton at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 23rd December 1875.
We, MARTIN ZADICK JUST, of 5, Newman's Court, Cornhill, in the City
of London, and JOHN DOWNTON, of 71, West India Dock Road, Lime-
house in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN WATERCLOSETS," to be as follows:-
For
This Invention has for its object improvements in waterclosets.
this purpose in place of employing syphon traps as is now usual, we
cause the pan of the closet to discharge past a valve into a chamber
or receiver which is furnished at the bottom with a valve similar to that
applied to the closet pan, and this chamber or receiver in turn discharges

page_text: into a second chamber or receiver also provided with a similar valve;
thus there are three working valves, the top and bottom valves are
always open at the same time, and the intermediate valve is then closed.
When the closet is not in use there is always water in the pan and in
the lower chamber or receiver.
When the upper and lower valves are opened, which is done by
drawing up the handle, the middle valve is closed and it acts to prevent
the return of gas. The water supply valve is at this time opened and
the pan is flushed into the upper chamber or receiver. On lowering
the handle the middle valve opens and the upper and lower valves are
closed.
A second action of the handle discharges the lower chamber or
receiver and covers the upper and lower valves with clean water.
The apparatus may be modified so that the middle valve remains
closed when the closet is out of use and opens when the handle is raised,
the upper and lower valves being at this time closed.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Martin Zadick Just and John Downton in the
Great Seal Patent Office on the 23rd June 1876.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, wc, MARTIN
ZADICK JUST, of 5, Newman's Court, Cornhill, in the City of London,
and JOHN DOWNTON, of 71, West India Dock Road, Limehouse, in the
County of Middlesex, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-third day of December, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-five, in the
thirty-ninth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and suc-
cessors, give and grant unto us, the said Martin Zadick Just and John
Downton, Her special license that we, the said Martin Zadick Just
and John Downton, our exccutors, administrators, and assigns, or such
others as we, the said Martin Zadick Just and John Downton, our
executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with,
and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during

page_text: the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN WATERCLOSETS," upon the condition (amongst others)
that we, the said Martin Zadick Just and John Downton, our executors
or administrators, by an instrument in writing under our or their
hands and seals, or under the hand and seal of one of us or them,
should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and
cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters

page_text: The apparatus may be modified so that the middle valve remains
closed when the closet is out of use and opens when the handle is
raised, the upper and lower valves being at this time closed.
In order that the said Invention may be most fully understood and
readily carried into effect, we will proceed to describe the Drawing t
hereunto annexed.
our Invention; Figure 2 is a vertical section of the same as it appears
when the handle is down.
Figure 3 is also a vertical section; it shows the apparatus with the
handle raised.
a is the pan; b, the valve box; and c the soil pipe. The valve box
is made in parts bolted together to allow ready access to the valves;
d', d, d³, are the three valves, each closing against a seat in the valve
box. The spindles of the valves are carried through the side of the
valve box and have arms e¹, e², e³, keyed upon them. The arms e¹
and e³ are connected together by the rod f, so that the valves with which
they are in connection move simultaneously and the arm e¹ carries a
weight ex which tends to keep the valves d'¹ and d³ closed; g is a handle
in connection with the bar g' which can be moved up and down in
suitable guides in which it works. The bar g' has two studs upon it;
the upper stud 9* is received into a slot in the arm e, and the first
effect of drawing up the handle g is to move the arm e² and close the
corresponding valve d³. Until this has been done the valves d¹ and d³
are not moved, the stud 9** travelling in the straight part of the slot in
the lever es, but afterwards the further motion of the handle causes the
valves d' and d³ to close, the stud g* then travelling in the slot of the
arm e² without moving it; h is a spring which may be used to oppose a
small resistance to the descent of the handle g and rod g¹. Thus the
valve d² closes before d¹ and d³ open, and these again close before d² is
opened. Or as before mentioned the arrangement may be reversed,
d' and d³ being first closed and then d² opened.
Having thus described the nature of our said Invention and the
manner of performing the same, we would have it understood that we.

page_text: claim the construction of waterclosets with three valves, one closing
when the others open, and vice versa, substantially as described.
In witness whereof, we, the said Martin Zadick Just and John
Downton, have hereunto set our hands and seals, this Twenty-
second day of June, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight
hundred and seventy-six.