IMPROVEMENTS IN CARDING ENGINES, WHEREBY SLIVERS ARE FORMED INTO THREADS READY FOR SPINNING
Year: 1863

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Richard Archibald Brooman, of 166, Fleet Street, in
the City of London, Patent Agent, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS
IN CARDING ENGINES, WHEREBY SLIVERS ARE FORMED INTO THREADS READY
FOR SPINNING." -A communication from abroad by François Jacques
Grün, of Guebwiller, and Henri Gand, of Bühl, both in the Empire of
France.
Sealed the 31st July 1863, and dated the 6th February 1863.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Richard Archibald Brooman
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
6th February 1863.
I, RICHARD ARCHIBALD BROOMAN, of 166, Fleet Street, in the City of
London, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN CARDING ENGINES, WHEREBY SLIVERS ARE FORMED
THREADS READY FOR SPINNING," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to cause the slivers to leave the card fine
enough to be spun directly, and without any further drawing than is necessary
to give the thread the desired tension during the torsion, as hereafter described.
The Invention is based upon the arrangement of the supply cylinder, the
sliver guides, the great speed and short stroke of the detaching comb, and
especially on the combination of rapidly rotating funnels and of a friction roller

page_text: (rota frotteur). Without the triple combination of the comb of the funnels
and of the friction roller it is believed that a sliver cannot be made to issue
from a carding engine in a state of fine thread, like that produced by this
Invention. The arrangements of the slivers and of the partitions which
separate them at short intervals on the large drum, so that the number of the
slivers on the drum of the carding engine may be increased, also form part of
this Invention, as hereafter described. A cylinder studded with gills supplies
the material to be carded. This cylinder is covered by a cap having two
objects, one to press the material against the gills, the other to press it against
the cards on the large carding drum to prevent any portion of the material
escaping, and to ensure its being taken by the teeth of the cards. The large
drum is fitted with rings made of bands of cards, which are mounted on
T-shaped metal rings, one portion of which is applied flat on the drum,
between it and the card bands, the other separates the rings of the cards, rising
somewhat above them to prevent any fibres of the material under operation
passing from one ring to another. The projecting portions of the metallic
rings rest in grooves formed in the supply gill cylinder, and the same for all
the cylinders and rollers which are in communication with the large drum.
There is a rack or frame carrying rollers for supplying material to the gill
cylinder, and these rollers, the number of which may vary, are each supported
by two other rollers. The material is detached from the comb cylinder by a
comb, which receives a quick alternate motion with a short stroke through a
connecting rod, eccentric, and pulleys. There is a pulley mounted on an inter-
mediate shaft receiving motion from another pulley on the fly-wheel shaft.
There is still another pulley fixed on the said intermediate shaft between the
fly-wheel and the funnel drum for imparting motion to a pulley on the funnel
shaft, which latter also. represents the series of funnels through which the
slivers pass as they become detached from the comb cylinder to prepare them
by a passing torsion for friction. The speed of the funnel varies according to
the fineness of the thread, and for this purpose change pulleys are placed on the
intermediate shaft and on the drum of the funnels. Two rollers, round which
a band is passed, revolve together and have a to-and-fro motion; this band is
surmounted by a third roller of larger diameter than the other two; the surface
of this third roller revolves at the same speed as the band. The speed and play
of these parts, however, may be varied. The drawing rollers receive the
threads after the friction roller has acted upon them, and guide them on to
other and portable rollers made to fit on to the rear of a spinning frame.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Richard Archibald Brooman in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 6th August 1863.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, RICHARD
ARCHIBALD BROOMAN, of 166, Fleet Street, in the City of London, Patent
Agent, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Sixth day of February, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-three, in the twenty-sixth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said Richard Archibald Brooman, Her special licence, that I, the said
Richard Archibald Brooman, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or
such others as I, the said Richard Archibald Brooman, my executors, admi-
nistrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from
time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed,
should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United
Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of
Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN CARDING ENGINES, WHEREBY SLIVERS
ARE FORMED INTO THREADS READY FOR SPINNING," (communicated to me from
abroad by François Jacques Grün, of Guebwiller, and Henri Gand, of Bühl,
both in the Empire of France,) upon the condition (amongst others) that I,
the said Richard Archibald Brooman, my executors or administrators, by an
instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals,
should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention,
and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to
be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Richard Archibald Brooman, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is
to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement thereof, reference being had to the Drawing hereunto
annexed, that is to say:-
The object of this Invention is to cause the slivers to leave the card fine
enough to be spun directly, and without any further drawing than is necessary
to give the thread the desired tension during the torsion, as hereafter
described. The Invention, is based upon the arrangement of the supply
cylinder, the sliver guides, the great speed and short stroke of the detaching
comb, and especially on the combination of rapidly rotating funnels and of a

page_text: friction roller (rota frotteur). Without this triple combination of the comb
of the funnels and of the friction roller it is believed that a sliver cannot be
made to issue from a carding engine in a state of fine thread, like that pro-
duced by this Invention. The arrangements of the slivers and of the partitions
which separate them at short intervals on the large drum, so that the number
of the slivers on the drum of the carding engine may be increased, also form
part of this Invention, as hereafter described.
The accompanying Drawing is a longitudinal section of a carding engine
constructed according to this Invention. A is a cylinder studded with gills,
and which supplies the material to be carded. This cylinder is. covered by a
cap B, having two objects, one to press the material against the gills, the other
to press it against the cards on the large carding drum C, to prevent any
portion of the material escaping, and to insure its being taken by the teeth of
the cards. The large drum C is fitted with rings made of bands of cards,
which are mounted on T-shaped metal rings, one portion of which is applied
flat on the drum between it and the card bands, the other separates the rings
of the cards, rising somewhat above them to prevent any fibres of the material
under operation passing from one ring to another. The projecting portions of
the metallic rings rest in grooves formed in the supply gill cylinder, and the
same for all the cylinders and rollers which are in communication with the large
drum. D is a rack or frame, carrying rollers a, b, c, d, for supplying material
to the gill cylinder, and these rollers, the number of which may vary, are each
supported by two other rollers e, f, g, h; E is the comb cylinder, the material
from which is detached by a comb F, which receives a quick alternate motion
with a short stroke through a connecting rod G, eccentric H, and pulleys I, J ;
K is a pulley mounted on an intermediate shaft O, and receiving motion from
another pulley L on the fly wheel shaft; M is another pulley fixed on the
intermediate shaft O, between the fly wheel and the funnel drum, for imparting
motion to a pulley N on the funnel shaft; P represents one of the series of
funnels, through which the slivers pass as they become detached from the
comb cylinder E, to prepare them by a passing torsion for friction. The speed
of the funnel varies according to the fineness of the thread; and for this
purpose change pulleys are placed on the intermediate shaft, and on the drum
of the funnels Q, Q, are two rollers, round which a band is passed, and which
revolve together and have a to-and-fro motion; this band is surmounted by a
third roller R, of larger diameter than the other two; the surface of this third
roller revolves at the same speed as the band. The speed and play of these
parts, however, may be varied. S, S, are two drawing rollers, which receive
the threads after the friction roller has acted upon them, and guide them on to

page_text: other and portable rollers T, T, made to fit on to the rear of a spinning frame.
The slivers and threads are shewn in red in the Drawing.
And having now described the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, I declare that I claim,-
First, the construction of carding engines substantially as herein-before-
described and represented in the accompanying Drawing, whereby slivers are
formed into threads ready for spinning.
Second, the arrangement in carding engines of the detaching comb, the
rapidly rotating funnels, and the friction roller (rota frotteur), substantially as
herein-before described and illustrated in the accompanying Drawing.
In witness whereof, I, the said Richard Archibald Brooman, have
hereunto set my hand and seal, this Fifth day of August, One thousand
eight hundred and sixty-three.
R. A. BROOMAN. (L.B.)