Improvements in Pencils, Crayons, and Marking Sticks.
Year: 1892

page_text: Date of Application, 14th Mar., 1892-Accepted, 28th May, 1892
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Pencils, Crayons, and Marking Sticks.
I, GUSTAV SCHWARZWALD, of 145 Mulberry Street in the City, County and
State of New York, United States of America, do hereby declare the nature of
this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
My invention has for its object to manufacture pencils crayons and marking
sticks, leaving coloured marks of a metallic lustre, so as to produce the natural
colours of gold, silver, copper and other metals, the marks being entirely water-
proof.
For this purpose I produce a composition to be used as cores for the pencils and
crayons or as solid marking sticks for decorative purposes, which is made in the
following manner.
Paraffin wax is melted and mixed with a small quantity of oil, as benzine oil,
castor oil, or turpentine, and with dammar-gum, and shellac, then bichromate of
potassium or other similar dye-stuff is added thereto, which latter imparts to the
ingredients aforesaid a yellowish colour. Furthermore gold-leaf, gold, copper or
other metal bronze powder is added and all ingredients intimately mixed. To the
mass thus obtained I add a certain quantity of naphthol which prevents the
fermentation of the mass and forms, together with the paraffin-wax, the binding
medium of the same, so as to impart to the same a certain consistency.
If pencils, crayons and marking sticks leaving a silver lustre, are to be made, the
bichromate of potassium or other similar dye-stuff is omitted and instead of the
gold leaf, gold or copper bronze powder, silver leaf or silver bronze powder is
used. When it is desired to produce compositions of different colours, the required
dye-stuffs are added to the mass in the respective quantities, so that for instance
blueish, reddish, black, and other coloured marks can be produced.
To impart to the colours of the pencils &c. a lighter shade, finely pulverized
mica is added to the composition described to which the colour of the respective
bronze is imparted by suitable dyeing materials.
In preparing the composition for my pencil and crayon cores and for the
marking sticks, the different ingredients are taken in the following proportions:
To 100 ounces of paraffin-wax, 2 to 10 ounces of dammar-gum or shellac, 1 to
2 ounces of bichromate of potassium, 100 ounces of gold-leaf or gold or copper
bronze powder or dye stuff, and 5 to 25 ounces of naphthol are taken. Of
course the paraffin-wax, the dammar-gum or shellac and the naphthol are used in
a melted state.
According to the colour of the bronze powder 1 to 10 ounces of pulverized mica
are added. If desired, 1 to 2 ounces of oil may be given thereto, but the oil is not
absolutely necessary.
The quantity of dammar-gum or shellac depends on the grade of hardness of
the cores or sticks.
In case silver bronze is used, the bichromate of potassium is omitted, and in other
cases where certain colours are to be imparted to the composition, the required
dye-stuffs are added to the mass in the corresponding proportions.
When it is desired to produce pencil cores crayons or sticks having a real gold
lustre, gold leaf, as it appears in the commerce for guilding purposes, is used
instead of the bronze-powder.
All the ingredients are heated in a vessel and thoroughly mixed by stirring,
then the mass thus obtained is dried until it gets a certain consistency and finally
pressed in a mould, whereby to the same the shape of the pencil cores or sticks is
imparted. The cores are put into wooden or other sheaths or tubes and the
.מ.

page_text: pencils and crayons or marking sticks are then ready for the market. The pencil
cores, marking sticks and crayons may be used also without any enclosures.
In my composition of matter for pencil and crayon cores and for marking sticks
the naphthol may be employed in any chemical form or combination, or in any
chemical composition, which contains the same as main ingredients, for instance
purified naphthol, beta-naphthol &c.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. A new composition of matter for pencil and crayon cores and marking sticks,
consisting of paraffin-wax, dammar-gum, naphthols in any chemical form and
combination, shellac, gold-leaf, and metal bronze powder in any colour, in the
proportions specified.
2. A composition of matter for pencil and crayon cores and marking sticks, con-
sisting of naphthols in any chemical form or combination, paraffin-wax, dammar
gum, shellac, gold-leaf, bronze-powder and bichromate of potassium, in the propor-
tions specified.
3. A composition of matter for pencil and crayon-cores and marking sticks
consisting of gold-leaf bronze powder and dye-stuffs in any colour, paraffin-wax
dammar-gum shellac, naphthols in any chemical form or combination and pulverized
mica, in the proportions specified.
Dated thin 14th do Mh 1905