IMPROVEMENTS IN VARIOUS PARTS OF RAILWAY AND OTHER CARRIAGES, SOME OF WHICH MAY BE APPLIED TO OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1866

page_text: Sealed the 31st July 1866, and dated the 7th February 1866.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Uriah Scott at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 7th February
1866.
I, URIAH SCOTT, Engineer, of No. 66, Pratt Street, Camden Town, Middle-
sex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN VARIOUS PARTS OF RAILWAY AND OTHER CARRIAGES, SOME OF WHICH MAY BE
APPLIED TO OTHER PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
My improvements consist, first, in the use of india-rubber combined with
metal springs to act as adjusting and check springs to draw the body of the
carriage down towards the axle, the same as if the carriage was loaded, so as
to keep all the buffer heads of railway carriages opposite each other, and in
common road carriages to prevent the reaction of the metal springs when not
loaded sufficiently.
Secondly, the making of buffers so as to prevent or lessen the recoil. On
one end of a carriage I fix a wedge-shaped plunger, and on the other end
of the carriage I make a metal case and fix blocks of india-rubber in it against
its sides, with a metal lining over the india-rubber to prevent the wedge-
shaped plunger on the end of the next carriage cutting it when driven in. To
give greater strength to the india-rubber I adopt the following method:-I
Price 8d.1

page_text: make cones or cylinders with several grooves on the outside to receive metal
confining rings. I use several cones or cylinders with rings on them of
different diameters to fit into each other, so as to give greater resisting power
to the india-rubber when under compression. In some cases I mould metal
rings in the india-rubber in its manufacturing. I in some cases bind the
metal rings before they are inserted in the india-rubber with twine or strips
of cotton or similar material to prevent the metal rings cutting the india-
rubber. The india-rubber cones or cylinders can be used as bearing,
buffing, or draw springs to locomotive engines, carriages, and trucks, and
for other purposes where springs are required..
Thirdly, in making wheels of metal or wood combined with india-rubber,
felt, or similar material. In making railway wheels I use an iron nave with
a raised flange towards one end; I then make a band of india-rubber with a
groove on the outer side to receive a metal ring or band to fix the spokes to; I
then fit it on the outside of the nave, the flange on the end of nave will keep
it in its position on one end; I then fit on the other end a loose flange to the
nave by bolts or rivets to keep it in its place. In common wheels I use a
wood nave with metal sockets to receive the iron or wood spokes, cast or fixed
on the metal band resting on the india-rubber. I fit them up with the same
details as for railway wheels. When I make the whole of my wheel of india-
rubber and iron I use two tyres, one to fix the ends of the spokes to and the
outer one for wear. In using india-rubber round the tyre of wheels 1 adopt
the following method:-The tyres for wheels are formed the usual shape on
the periphery, but the inner side is to have a raised rim in the centre; 1 then
take a band of india-rubber with a hollow groove made on the outside to fit
the raised rim on the inside of the metal tyre; I then have my inside tyre
made to fit inside the india-rubber band; on one side of this tyre I have a
flange to keep the india-rubber from slipping through; I then make a loose
flange similar and place it on the other side, and fix bolts or rivets through
the two flanges to keep them all together. When I make common road wheels
with india-rubber tyres next the road I adopt the following method:-I make
a wheel of the usual description with a metal tyre; I then make one or more
holes between each spoke through felloe and tyre; I then make a light metal
tyre about half the width of the tyre on the wheel and larger in its diameter,
and make holes in it to correspond with the ones in the wheel tyre to receive
the bolts or screws to fix the two tyres together; I then bind my light outer
tyre with cord or canvas or similar material; I then cover the whole with
india-rubber properly prepared for the purpose; I then vulcanise the whole
in the usual way as practised by the makers of india-rubber goods; I then fix

page_text: this tyre to the wheel as before mentioned. I in some cases fix this elastic
tyre on to the wheels in several pieces.
Fourthly, in making railway axles of iron or other metals combined with
india-rubber, felt, or other similar material, I take a metal tube of a proper
size, long enough to reach between the outside of the axle boxes; I then
take a tube of india-rubber from a quarter inch or upwards and place it in
the tube; I then fit inside such india-rubber tube a metal shaft long enough
to form the axle, and projecting out at each end, which I turn to fit the axle
bearing in the usual manner; I then fix the railway wheels at the ends of
the outside metal tube, so that they will be isolated from the inner axle.
Fifthly, in making carriage springs of steel and iron or other metal in
combination with india-rubber, felt, wood, leather, or other suitable
material, I fix between the ends of the spring plates of india-rubber or
other material and fix metal ends to them, that will tighten them up when
required and prevent the reaction when not loaded enough.
Sixthly, in making body bearings and spring couplings with metal cases
lined with india-rubber or felt, and lining them with metal to prevent friction
against the soft material; in making the body bearings I use a metal case
with or without lugs, and placing india-rubber in them, with flat square holes,
to allow a piece of iron to pass through to fit the frame on the body of the
carriage; the couplings and shackles I line with felt or india-rubber; the
cases I make of metal to hold the soft material, and when I line them
with thin metal I cut the lining in two parts.
Seventhly, in making carriage steps to open and shut by the action of the
door I make the steps of any suitable material; I make a guide rod under
the outside bottom of carriage with a travelling bolt, that when the steps
are let down it will keep it fixed, and when the door is shut it will be
withdrawn and allow the step to go back under the carriage; in the joints
I use india-rubber to prevent noise and to assist working the step.
Eighthly, in making carriage lamps and reflectors of enamelled or vitrefied
iron I make the lamp that contains the oil of sheet or cast metal, and clean
the surface in the usual way and enamel or vitrefy them; the reflectors [
make of fluted metal, as containing a larger amount of reflecting surface
than if plain; I vitrefy or enamel them, and sometimes gild or silver
them on the surface and burn it in to make them durable; the lamps
and reflectors can be used for other purposes besides carriages.
Ninthly, in keeping carriage windows in any position required I make a
metal case of any size with a hole in centre, but not the same size at bottom;
in the case I place a spring of india-rubber or steel, and fit a bolt to case, and

page_text: the bolt to pass through the centre of the spring and come out at the
bottom side, to be kept back by a nut, so as not to allow the head of bolt
to project out too far; instead of using bolt head I can use a small wheel
at end of bolt. I insert this case in window frame by two lugs made on
the case, just allowing the head to project only, and in the window frame
I make small indentations for the studs to press against, which will allow
the window to move up and down freely, but will when the stud is
opposite indentation in window frame keep there till pressed up or
down; they can be used for any kind of sliding windows.
Tenthly, in making rollers to
position required I make a metal
with an india-rubber or metal spring, so as to exert a pressure against
the pulley, which will prevent the blind from moving unless pulled
down; these can be used for any description of blinds.
carriage blinds to keep them in any
bracket and fix a pulley wheel between
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Uriah Scott in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 4th
August 1866.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, URIAH SCOTT,
Engineer, of No. 66, Pratt Street, Camden Town, Middlesex, send greeting..
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Seventh day of February, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-six in the twenty-ninth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto
me, the said Uriah Scott, Her special licence that I, the said Uriah Scott,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Uriah
Scott, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during
the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN VARIOUS PARTS OF
RAILWAY AND OTHER CARRIAGES, SOME OF WHICH MAY BE APPLIED TO OTHER
PURPOSES, upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Uriah
Scott, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under
my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe
and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the
same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal

page_text: Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the.
ate of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Uriah Scott, do hereby declare the
ature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
ormed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-
No. 1. My improvements consist in making adjusting and check springs
combined.
No. 2. Making buffers to prevent or lessen the recoil, and giving greater
strength to india-rubber for every kind of spring.
No. 3. Making wheels of metal or wood, or both combined, with india-
rubber, felt, or similar material.
No. 4. Making railway and other axles of metal combined with india-
rubber, felt, or other similar material.
No. 5. Making carriage springs for railway and other carriages of steel and
iron in combination with india-rubber, felt, wood, leather, or other suitable
material.
No. 6. Making body spring and break bearings and shackles of metal
combined with india-rubber, felt, or other suitable material.
No. 7. Making carriage steps to open and shut by the action of the door.
No. 8. Making lamps and reflectors of enamelled or vitrefied iron.
No. 9. Keeping windows in any position required, and keeping doors
and window frames from rattling.
No. 10. Making rollers for blinds, and keeping them in any position
required.
No. 1. Check and adjusting spring combined. a, a, blocks of india-rubber;
b, b, two metal plates, one b fixed to frame of carriage, and the other b' to
top of bearing spring; c, bolt with flange towards the top under the head to
press on rubber when the nut is screwed up.
No. 2. Buffer to prevent or lessen the recoil. a, outside case; b, b, b, b, b, b,
cylindrical blocks of india-rubber; c, c, metal lining to prevent the wedge-
shaped plunge cutting the rubber when driven in; d, dotted outline of a
wedge-shaped plunge to be fixed on a carriage to buff into the one with the
case; D is a section of one of the cylindrical india-rubber blocks to be used
in buffer case; d, d, d, india-rubber; b, b, b, metal rings.
No. 3 is the section of a boss or nave of a railway wheel. a, the axle ;
b, the nave; c, india-rubber; d, ring to fix the spokes to; e, ring cap to
keep ring d and rubber in place; F, F, bolts to fix the cap to the nave; G is
a section of part of a ring with projections to fix iron or wood spokes to for

page_text: common road wheels; a, metal ring with sockets for spokes; b, b, wood
spokes. F is a section of a part of india-rubber tyre with metal in the
centre with holes in it to fix it to a wheel; a, a, india-rubber; b, metal
band. E is a section of part of a railway wheel; a, outside tyre; b, rubber;
c, c, inner tyre; d, d, wood centre; e, bolt.
D is a section of a railway tyre;
a, outer tyre; b, rubber round the bolt; c, inner tyre; d, flange, e, bolt. C
is a section of a railway tyre; a, outer tyre; b, rubber; c, bolt.
section of part of a railway wheel; a,
tyre; d, wood centre; e, bolt. A is a
tyre; b, rubber; c, c, inner tyre; d, bolt.
B is a
outside tyre; b, rubber; c, c, inner
section of a railway tyre; a, outer
No. 4 is a section of a railway axle; a, the axle shaft; b, india-rubber
tube; c, metal tube to fix the wheel upon. M is a section of an axle for
common road carriages; a, the axle shaft; b, the bearing at the end to fix it
in the axle box; c, bolt passing through axle box and bearing; d, the
axle box; e, square tube of rubber; F, square tube of metal to fix the
spring to.
No. 5 is a section of a carriage spring; a, outside cap; b, b, steel plates;
c, india-rubber; d, wedge-shaped piece of metal; e, bolt to keep the whole
together and tighten it when required. L is a section of a carriage spring;
a, a, steel plates; b, india-rubber tube; c, round piece of metal; d, bolt
passing through the whole to keep them together and to tighten it up when
required. N is a section of a Cee spring; a, a, steel plates; b, metal frame
with elastic sockets for bolts to work in; c, rubber or leather brace to fix
steel spring to metal frame; d, d, bolts to keep the spring steady, and to draw
the body of the carriage down towards the axle when required. The above
details will do for single as well as double springs and for railway carriage
springs.
No. 6 is a carriage bearing partly in section. a, the bracket to fix it to
frame of carriage; b is a flat piece of metal passing through the india-rubber
with blocks at each end to fix it to the body of carriage; c, c, two bolts to
fix the elastic bearing to the carriage body; d is the india-rubber; e is the
metal case. P is an end view of bearing showing how to apply them without
the bracket; a is the hole on top of the case to allow the bolt to pass through
before the india-rubber and metal plate is inserted; b, metal case; c, flat
metal plate to support body of carriage; d, india-rubber; e, bolt to fix
the bearing to carriage frame. These bearings can be used to isolate break
blocks in railway and common road carriages, and also the axle box from the
axle guard and the springs from axles. R is a section of a double shackle;
a, outside metal case; b, india-rubber or felt lining; c, c, metal bearings with

page_text: sockets to prevent the bolt wearing rubber or felt.
These shackles can be
made with the inner or outer bearing plates with or without the sockets or with
lugs to fix them at the ends of every kind of carriage spring, body, or frame to
connect springs to.
No. 7, an end view with a carriage step out.
a, guide rod fixed to bottom
sliding socket on guide rod,
of body; b, bent lever, one end being fixed to a
the other end of lever to the carriage door; c, a lever, one end fixed to
travelling socket on guide rod and the other end to side of step frame; d, the
step; e, projecting piece of metal from back of step with a wheel at the end
to touch the bottom of the body when the door is closed to send the step into
the frame. O is a ladder step to be used with lever fixed to door or by the
hand. a, a, a, loose steps; b, lever to lift steps in their place; d, frame;
the dotted lines show the double steps.
No. 8, part of a fluted reflector for lamps of every description.
No. 9, section of a socket to keep carriage and other windows in any
position required, and also to prevent doors and windows rattling. a, out-
side case; b, projecting shaft; c, wheel at end of shaft; d, nut to shaft;
e, spring.
end; c, square
T is a spring
No. 10, section of a window blind pulley. a, bracket frame; b, roller;
c, hollow screw; d, shaft passing up through hollow screw; e, wheel at end
of shaft to press on cord; F, spring placed on shaft to give elastic pressure.
S is a section also of a blind pulley. a, bracket frame; b, roller with square
shaft fixed to passing through bracket with screw and nut at
socket with flange at one end; d, india-rubber spring; e, nut.
hinge to assist in closing the doors of carriages. a, a, the hinge; b, bolt with
shoulder; c, metal washer under the shoulder of the bolt; d, d, two metal
washers; e, india-rubber spring; F, nut to end of bolt to keep the whole
together and to regulate the pressure; they can be use for every description
of doors.
In witness whereof, I, the said Uriah Scott, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Fourth day of August, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and sixty-six.
URIAH SCOTT. (L.S.)