Improvements in or relating to Hermetically Sealing Bottles, Jars, and similar Vessels.
Year: 1893

page_text: Date of Application, 24th Feb., 1893
Complete Specification Left, 23rd Dec., 1893-Accepted, 27th Jan., 1894
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in or relating to Hermetically Sealing Bottles, Jars,
and similar Vessels.
I, CHARLES EMMET, 230 Doncaster Road, Barnsley, in the County of York,
Mechanical Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
My invention has for its object the hermetically sealing of bottles, jars or similar
vessels. In carrying out which-I provide a bottle, jar or similar vessel of glass,
porcelain or other suitable material." This bottle, jar or vessel, hereinafter refered
to as a jar, is formed at its upper or mouth portion with two annular, enlargements,
the lower one being for the purpose of providing a seating for the reception of the
lower portion of the cover of the jar, which cover is formed to two diameters, the
lowest and largest diameter being formed so as to fit easily into the lower enlarge-
ment carried by the mouth of the jar. The upper and smaller diameter of the lid
or cover forms with the upper enlargement of the jars mouth an annular ring or
recess, the bottom portion of which recess is formed partly by the difference in
diameter of the upper and lower portion of the cover, and partly by the difference
in diameter of the upper and lower enlargements of the jars mouth.
In cooking and hermetically sealing the contents of the above described jar; I
proceed in the following manner. The jar being filled and the cover placed in
position on the seating formed by the lower enlargement of the jars mouth, a ring
of elastic and air tight material such as rubber is next placed in the annular recess
or groove formed partly by the upper and smaller diameter of the cover of the jar
and partly by the difference in diameter of the upper and lower enlargements of the
jars mouth, as previously described. This being done, the jar and its contents are
placed in a cooking boiler, and subjected to the heat necessary to drive off the air
contained in the jar, the air and steam escaping readily past the rubber covering
ring. When the contents of the jar have been sufficiently cooked, an annular
presser foot is caused to descend and apply pressure to the upper surface of the
rubber ring, and this pressure is continued untill the jar and its contents have become
cold and the desired vacuum created, the annular presser foot can now be raised
away from the rubber ring when the pressure of the atmosphere acting upon the
rubber ring will cause it to effectually make joint with and close and cover the
circumferential line of jointure existing between the outer diameter of the jars cover
and the internal diameter of the lower enlargement of the jars mouth.
To still further aid in the maintainance of the vacuum or partial vacuum now
existing in the jar, the annular space above the upper surface of the rubber ring
can now be filled by hot sealing wax, resin, parafin wax or other suitable sealing
substance or combination of substances.
Or the upper portion of the jar and the glass or other cover may be formed to
one and the same diameter, and the rubber ring applied externally over the
circumferential line of jointure, an annular enlargement or wall on the outer
diameters of the jars mouth and cover serving to hold and retain the sealing wax or
other luting or covering in position.
Or instead of the two enlargements or walls formed on the jars mouth and
around the cover of the jar, there may be a cup shaped annular recess formed around
the upper portion of the mouth of the jar, the object of this annular cup shaped

page_text: recess being to more securely secure the sealing wax or other luting employed
around the outer surfaces of the rubber covering ring.
Or the upper portion of the jars mouth may be formed into an annular enlarge-
ment or seal consisting of an inner and an outer wall and horizontal bottom for the
reception and seating of the rubber covering ring. The outer wall of the annular
recess being of sufficient depth to allow of the covering and sealing up of the rubber
ring' when the jars cover is in position.. The lower portion of the cover of the jar is
also formed into an annular wall of suitable diameter to enter the annular recess
formed in the mouth portion of the jar. It will be seen that the vacuum set up in
the jar on the cooling of the contents will cause the pressure of the atmosphere on
the jars cover to compress the rubber jointing ring and make joint against the
readinittance of air till the final sealing by the sealing preparation can take
place.
Or two jointing rings may be employed, one placed above the other in seatings
formed for their reception, the upper ring being sealed by the sealing composition
as previously described.
It will be seen that the above described portion of my invention consists in the
application of the rubber covering or jointing ring and the sealing composition.
That this application can be made in many ways, enabling a vacuum
or partial
vacuum to be set up and maintained in the interior of a jar by the rubber ring
alone, untill the final and complete sealing of the jar can be effected by the sealing
compound, and that no dependance is placed upon rubber alone. It will also be
seen that the rubber ring has two duties to perform, firstly, as a means of egress for
the escaping steam and air during the cooking process, and finally as a partial seal
against the readmittance of the atmosphere untill the final and complete sealing can
take place. And that the above described portion of my invention dispenses with
any hole or perforation for the escaping steam and air in the cover of the jar or in
the jar itself.
Or a jar having an internal or external jointing ring can after the setting up of
the vacuum be hermetically sealed by placing the mouth portion of the jar and its
cover in an inverted position in the interior of a shallow vessel or second enveloping
cover of sheet metal, glass or other suitable material and then sealing up the
annular space existing between the inner wall of the cap and the outer diameter of
the mouth of the jar.
Or a jar may be sealed by a cover having a rubber, cork or other suitable ring
applied externally around the portion of the cover that enters the jars mouth. The
upper and outer portion of this cover being formed into an outer inverted cap
enveloping the mouth of the jar, the outer enveloping wall of the cap being of
larger diameter than the outer diameter of the jars mouth affords room for the
sealing composition.
Or the jars mouth may carry the jointing ring externally, a dish shaped cover
enveloping and making joint with the jointing ring, the outer wall of the dish shaped
cover being of greater depth than necessary to cover the jointing ring leaves room
for the reception of the sealing composition.
It will be necessary in the case of the three last described jars to provide an
escape hole in the cover for the escape of the steam and air. This escape hole
being sealed up after the cooking of the contents and before the final sealing takes
place.
Or, if prefered, the escape hole may be formed in the mouth portion of
'the jar.
Dated this 23rd day of February 1893.
P

page_text: Improvements in or relating to Hermetically Sealing Bottles, Jars,
and similar Vessels.
I, CHARLES EMMET, of 9 Christ Church Road, Pitsmoor, Sheffield, in the
County of York, Mechanical Engineer, late of 230 Doncaster Road, Barnsley, do
bereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-
My invention has for its object, the hermetically sealing of bottles, jars or
similar vessels. In carrying out which, I provide a bottle, jar or similar vessel of
glass, porcelain or other suitable material. This bottle, jar or vessel, hereinafter
refered to as a jar, is formed at its upper or mouth portion with two annular
enlargements, the lower one being for the purpose of providing a seating for the
reception of the lower portion of the cover of the jar, which cover is formed to
two diameters, the lowest and largest being formed so as to fit easily into the
lower enlargement carried by the mouth of the jar. The upper and smaller
diameter of the lid or cover forms with the upper enlargement of the jars
mouth an annular ring or recess, the bottom portion of which recess is formed
partly by the difference in diameter of the upper and lower portions of the cover,
and partly by the difference in diameter of the upper and lower enlargements of
the jars mouth.
In cooking and hermetically sealing the contents of the above described jar, I
proceed in the following manner-The jar being filled, and the cover placed in
position on the seating formed by the lower enlargement of the jars mouth, a ring
of elastic and air tight material, such as rubber, is next placed in the annular
recess or groove formed partly by the upper and smaller diameter of the cover of
the jar, and partly by the difference in diameter of the upper and lower enlarge-
ments of the jars mouth, as previously described, this being done, the jar and its
contents are placed in a cooking boiler and subjected to the heat necessary to drive
off the air contained in the jar, the air and steam escaping readily past the rubber
covering ring. When the contents of the jar have been sufficiently cooked-an
annular presser foot is caused to descend and apply pressure to the upper surface
of the rubber ring, and this pressure is continued untill the jar and its contents have
become cold and the desired vacuum created, the annular presser foot can now be
raised away from the rubber ring, when the pressure of the atmosphere acting upon
the rubber ring will cause it to effectually make joint with and close and cover the
circumferential line of jointure existing between the outer diameter of the jars
cover and the internal diameter of the lower enlargement of the jars mouth.
To still further aid in the maintainance of the vacuum or partial vacuum now
existing in the jar, the annular space above the upper surface of the rubber ring
can now be filled by hot sealing wax, resin, parafine wax or other suitable sealing
substance or combination of substances.
Or the upper portion of the jar and the glass or other cover may be formed to
one and the same diameter, and the rubber ring applied externally over the
circumferential line of jointure, an annular enlargement or wall on the outer
diameter of the jars mouth and cover serving to hold and retain the sealing wax or
other luting or covering in position.
Or instead of the two enlargements or walls formed on the jars mouth and around
the cover of the jar, there may be a cup shaped annular recess formed around the
upper portion of the mouth of the jar, the object of this annular cup shaped recess
being to more effectually secure the sealing wax or other luting employed around
the outer surfaces of the rubber covering ring.
Or the upper portions of the jars mouth may be formed into an annular enlarge-

page_text: ment or seal, consisting of an inner and an outer wall, and horizontal bottom for
the reception and seating of the rubber covering ring. The outer wall of the
annular recess being of sufficient depth to allow of the covering and sealing up of
the rubber ring when the jars cover is in position. The lower portion of the cover
of the jar is also formed into an annular wall of suitable diameter to enter the
annular recess formed in the mouth of the jar. It will be seen that the vacuum
set up in the jar on the cooling of the contents will cause the pressure of the
atmosphere on the jars cover to compress the rubber jointing ring and make joint
against the readmittance of air till the final sealing by the sealing preparation can
take place.
Or two jointing rings may be employed, one placed above the other in seatings
formed for their reception, the upper ring being sealed by the sealing composition
as previously described.
It will be seen that the above described portion of my invention consists in the
application of the rubber covering or jointing ring and the sealing composition.
That this application can be made in many ways, enabling a vacuum or partial
vacuum to be set up and maintained in the interior of a jar by the rubber
ring or rings alone untill the final and complete sealing of the jar can be effected
by the sealing compound, and that no dependance is placed upon rubber alone.
It will also be seen that the rubber ring or rings have two duties to perform,
firstly, as a means of egress for the escaping steam and air during the cooking
process, and finally as a partial seal against the readmittance of the atmosphere
until the final and complete sealing can take place. And that the above described
portion of my invention dispenses with any hole or perforation for the escaping
steam and air in the cover of the jar or in the jar itself.
Or a jar having an internal or external jointing ring can after the setting
up of the vacuum, be hermetically sealed by placing the mouth portion of the
jar and its cover in an inverted position in the interior of a shallow vessel or
second enveloping cover of sheet metal, glass or other suitable material, and then
sealing up the annular space existing between the inner wall of the cap and the
outer diameter of the mouth of the jar.
Or a jar may be sealed by a cover having a rubber, cork, or other suitable ring
applied externally around the portion of the cover that enters the jars mouth, the
upper and outer portion of this cover being formed into an outer inverted cap
enveloping the mouth of the jar, the outer enveloping wall of the cap being of
larger diameter than the outer diameter of the jars mouth affords room for the
sealing composition.
Or the jars mouth may carry the jointing ring externally, a dish shaped cover
enveloping and making joint with the jointing ring, the outer wall of the dish
shaped cover being of greater depth than necessary to cover the jointing ring leaves
room for the reception of the sealing composition.
It will be necessary in the case of the three last described jars to provide an
escape hole in the cover for the escape of the steam and air. This escape hole
being sealed up after the cooking of the contents, and before the final sealing takes
place. Or, if prefered, the escape hole may be formed in the mouth portion of
the jar.
In two sheets of accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1. is a sectional elevation of a jar with the cover in position.
Fig. 2. shows the jars mouth, the cover and the jointing ring.
Fig. 3. illustrates the application of the presser foot to the upper surface of the
jointing ring.
Fig. 4. is a sectional elevation of the jars mouth, showing the rubber ring and
the sealing composition in position.
Fig. 5. is a plan view of the mouth and cover of the jar, also showing the
application of the sealing composition.
Fig. 6. shows a jars mouth and cover with the jointing ring and sealing composition
applied externally.

page_text: composition by means of an annular cup shaped recess.
PRODCOM
Fig. 8. shows the construction of a jars mouth and cover, suitably formed for the
pressure of the atmosphere to apply pressure through the medium of the cover, to
the rubber jointing ring.
Fig. 9. shows the method of sealing a jar by means of two jointing rings.
Fig. 10. a jar having an internal jointing ring, a glass cover, and a second
enveloping cover.
Fig. 11. a jar with external jointing ring, a glass cover, and a second enveloping
cover.
Fig. 12. illustrates the jointing ring placed externally to the mouth of the jar and
a portion of the cover.
Fig. 13 represents a jar, sealed by a cover having a rubber or other ring applied
externally around the portion of the cover that enters the jars mouth.
Referring to Figs. I to 5. Sheet 1. a. is the body of the jar, formed at its upper
or mouth portion b. with two annular enlargements c. d. the lower one c. being for
the purpose of providing a seating for the reception of the lower portion e. of the
cover of the jar, which cover is formed to two diameters f. g. the lowest and largest
diameter. being formed so as to fit easily into the lower enlargement c. carried by
the mouth of the jar, the upper and smaller diameter g. of the lid or cover, forms
with the upper enlargement d of the jars mouth an annular ring or recess h. the
bottom portion of which recess i. is formed partly by the difference in diameter of
the upper and lower portions of the cover f. g. and partly by the difference in
diameter of the upper and lower enlargements d. c. of the jars mouth.
In cooking and hermetically sealing the contents of the above described jar, I
proceed in the following manner.
The jar being filled, and the cover placed in position on the seating k formed
by the lower enlargement of the jars mouth a ring of elastic and air tight material m.
such as rubber is next placed in the annular recess or groove formed partly by the
upper and lower diameter f. g. of the cover of the jar, and partly by the difference
in diameter of the upper and lower enlargements c. d of the jars mouth as pre-
viously described. This being done the jar and its contents are placed in a cooking
boiler (not shown in the drawings) and subjected to the heat necessary to drive off
the air contained in the jar, the air and steam escaping readily past the rubber
covering ring m. When the contents of the jar have become sufficiently cooked,
an annular presser foot on weight n. Fig. 3 is placed on the upper surface of the
rubber ring, and the pressure thus brought to bear upon the rubber ring by the
presser foot or weight is continued untill the jar and its contents have become cold,
and the desired vacuum created, the presser foot can now be removed from the
rubber ring, when the pressure of the atmosphere acting upon the rubber ring will
cause it to effectually make joint with and close and cover the circumferential line
of jointure existing between the outer diameter f of the jars cover and the
internal d of the lower enlargement of the jars mouth.
To still further aid in the maintainance of the vacuum or partial vacuum now
existing in the jar, the annular space above the upper surface of the rubber ring
can now be filled by hot sealing wax, resin, parafine wax or other suitable sealing
substance or combination of substances, as shown by Figs. 4 and 5.
In Fig. 6 the upper portion of the jar a, and a portion of the outer diameter of
the glass or other cover b. are formed to one diameter, the rubber ring c. being
applied externally over the outer circumferential line of jointure d, au annular
enlargement or wall e. on the outer diameter of the jars mouth and cover serving
to hold and retain the sealing wax or other luting or covering in position.
Or instead of the two enlargements or walls formed on the jars mouth and
around the cover of the jar as shown by Fig. 6. There may be a cup shaped
annular recess a. formed around the upper portion of the mouth of the jar as shown
by Fig. 7 the object of this annular cup shaped recess being to more effectually

page_text: secure the sealing wax or other luting employed, around the outer surfaces of the
rubber covering ring b.
Or the upper portion of the jars mouth may be formed into an annular enlarge-
ment or scal (as shown by Fig. 8. Sheet 2) consisting of an inner wall a and an
outer wall b, and horizontal bottom c, for the reception and seating of the rubber
covering d the outer wall of the annular recess being of sufficient depth to allow
of the covering and sealing up of the rubber ring when the jars cover is in position,
the lower portion G of the cover of the jar is also formed into an annular wall of
suitable diameter to enter the annular recess formed in the mouth of the jar. It
will be seen that the vacuum set up in the jar on the cooling of the contents will
cause the pressure of the atmosphere on the jars cover to compress the rubber
jointing ring and make joint against the readmittance of air till the final sealing by
the sealing preparation can take place.
Or two jointing rings may be employed as shown by Fig. 9, one placed above
the other in seatings formed for their reception, the upper ring a, being sealed by
the sealing composition as shown. Fig. 10 shows a jar having an internal jointing
ring a. glass cover b. and enveloping cover of tin or other suitable material.
In Fig. 11, the jointing ring a is placed externally and level with the upper
surface of the jars mouth, the glass cover b and enveloping cover c being of
similar formation to the covers described by reference to Fig. 10.
Fig. 12. illustrates the jointing ring d, enveloping the mouth of the jar b. and
a portion of the cover c. d. is the glass, and e. the metal cover.
Fig. 13. represents a jar sealed by a cover having a rubber or other suitable
ring a. applied externally around the portion b. of the cover that enters the jars
mouth, the upper and outer portion of this cover being formed into an inverted
cap as shown, for the reception and guarding of the sealing composition.
In Fig. 14, a. is the rubber ring enveloping the mouth and a portion of the cover
of the jar b, the cover formed as shown with an inverted outer cap for the reception
of the sealing composition.
From the above description and accompanying illustrations, it will be seen that
the aim of this invention is to provide means and appliances for the setting up of
a vacuum or partial vacuum in the interior of a jar, and the retention of this
vacuum by the rubber covering or jointing ring, or rings, till sufficient time has
been given to prove the reliability of the rubber ring to prevent the reentry of
air and this reliability of the rubber ring or rings will be proved, if, after the
cooking process and the displacement of the air contained in the jar, the jar and
its contents are allowed to cool, when, if after some little time, the cover of the
jar becomes loose and can be detached from the jar, it will be known that the rubber
ring has failed to prevent the reentry of air. But if the cover can not be detached
from the jar, it will also be known that the vacuum is unimpaired, and that the
final sealing can take place with a certainty of the future maintainance of the
vacuum.
Where storage room is available, it might be advisable, to cook the contents of
the jars and set up the vacuum one day, and finally seal the jars with the permanent
sealing composition on the following day. If the rubber ring will by itself maintain
the vacuum for such a length of time unimpaired, then with great confidence the
final sealing can be effected.
The jars and their covers being of glass, porcelain or other suitable vitrified
material, are very suitable for the preservation of perishable articles of food that
are at present put up in tin cannisters or glass bottles. By their use, the fear of
the contents of the jar becoming poisonous, either through the non maintainance of
the vacuum, or the presence of poisonous metallic salts, as in the case of tin vessels
will be altogether avoided.
In the description of the various methods I have used the words, vacuum or
partial vacuum. I am aware that it is not practicable by steam displacement to
expel every trace of air, but it is possible to set up a vacuum capable of keeping
the contents of the jar in a sound state for a great length of time,

page_text: By reference to the figs. and description it will be noticed that the application
of the rubber covering ring is made in different ways. In Figs. 1 to 7 12 and 14
this application is made externally, the pressure of the atmosphere acting directly
upon the rubber ring or that portion of the ring covering the line of jointure
between the jar and its cover. In Figs. 8, 10, 11 and 13 the atmosphere acting
upon the cap of the jar, applies pressure through the cap to the jointing ring,
which is thereby put into compression.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
:-
1. In a jar intended for the preservation of perishable articles of food, the
maintainance of a vacuum or partial vacuum temporally by means of the rubber
jointing or covering ring or rings, untill time has been given to ascertain the
permanency of the vacuum before the final sealing is effected, substantially in
the manner and for the purposes herein set forth and described in relation to
Figs. 1 to 14.
2. In jars intended for the preservation of perishable articles of food, the
general construction and arrangement of the mouth of the jars shown, the covers of
the jars, the application of the jointing or covering ring or rings, and the applica-
tion of the sealing composition, substantially in the manner and for the purposes
herein set forth and described in relation to Figs. 1 to 14.
Dated this 22nd day of December 1893.
CHARLES EMMET.