Improvements in Motor Road Vehicles.
Year: 1899

page_text: Date of Application, 30th Jan., 1899
Complete Specification Left, 30th Oct., 1899-Accepted, 23rd Dec., 1899
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Motor Road Vehicles.
-
I, ARTHUR WILLIAM BRIGHTMORE, of Burford House, Knighton, Radnorshire,
Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:
The same pair of wheels are both the driving & steering wheels, as in Patent
No. 7250 A.D. 1897, &, as in that patent, these wheels are connected with the
axle by means of a pawl pivotted on each wheel, & a ratchet wheel fixed near
each end of the axle, or by an equivalent device; also friction pulleys work on
the axle alongside the ratchet wheels, turning on the axle with a certain amount
of resistance & having a cam on the rim as before, but the cams need only
have one horn instead of two-and an arm, so that the horn will press the
pawl into contact with the ratchet wheel for forward motion, for which purpose
springs may also be used. The resistance of the pulleys to turning on the axle
may be caused by a bolt, connected to the axle, pressed by a spring on a crown
ratchet formed on the boss of the friction-pulley, so that the latter can turn.
backwards on the axle, against such resistance, or the axle forwards relatively
to the friction pulley, but not in the opposite direction; or the same thing
can be effected by means of a cam, attached to the axle, which presses on the
boss of the pulley, so as to let the axle move forwards relatively to it, but not
backwards; or by any other equivalent device. The horn (which is fixed)
on the cam of the pulley, is curved to catch the pin on the pawl, & a brake can
be applied to either or both pulleys as in the patent mentioned. When either
brake is applied the pawl on that side gains on the pulley & the pin
pawl climbs the cam (putting the pawl out of gear with the ratchet wheel) &
is held by the curved horn, so that wheel is retarded as long as the brake is
applied, & the requisite turn is given to the vehicle.
on the
When the direction of rotation of the axle is reversed, the pin on the pawl
similarly climbs the cam on the pulley & is caught by the horn, so that the
pulley (which must turn with the axle in the backward direction) drives the
wheel backwards. The cords from the brakes can, as in the patent named,
pass round a steering pulley & be attached thereto. This pulley can turn on
a pivot attached to it, the pivot being capable of sliding backwards in a groove,
to admit both brakes being applied at once. Of course by turning the steering
pulley to either side the corresponding brake is applied. The handle slides
in a casing attached to the pulley so as to be able to make the various electrical
connections for different speeds ahead, stopping or reversing, or in the case of
steams, vapours, gases or other motive fluid a cord attached to the regulating
valve passes through a hole over the pivot & is attached to the handle, so that
as the handle is drawn back in the casing the supply of motive fluid is reduced.
In running down hill, if no effort is required to be exerted, the pins on the
pawls engage the curved horns & so turn the friction pulleys & hence the axle &
machinery, unless the bolts or cams connecting the pulleys to the axle are pulled.
back by cords or levers. By applying one or other brake steering is effected &
by applying both the speed retarded.
Dated this 28th day of January 1899.

page_text: Improvements in Motor Road venicies,
I, ARTHUR WILLIAM BRIGHTMORE, Civil Engineer, of Egham Hill, Egham,
in the County of Surrey, late of Burford House, Knighton, in the County of
Radnor, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement:-
The improvement provides an alternative method of reversing the direction
of motion of a vehicle & driving it backwards, to that described in Patent
No. 7250 A.D. 1897. The forecarriage is pivotted (the pivot being preferably
fitted with ball bearings) to the body of the carriage & steadied by a wheel-plate
fifth wheel." One or more rollers may be carried by either the body
or forecarriage which run on the fifth wheel carried by the other. Instead
of the latter being a complete circle it may take the form of a channel in which
the roller works, so that it only requires to be continuous for one half the circle
or less.
or
In a motor vehicle arranged as described in the above mentioned patent,
where each driving wheel is connected to the axle by a pawl & ratchet or other
equivalent connection, the pawls say being pivotted on the driving wheels &
the ratchets attached to the driving axle, a brake pulley is, as in that patent,
placed on the axle near each ratchet wheel with a cam on its rim in order to
control the position of the pawl: but the pawls need only have a "forwards"
end & the horns on the brake pulleys may take the form of a hole in the projec-
tion of the brake-pulley rim. When the axle is driven backwards, if the brake-
pulley were connected to it the pin on the pawl would climb the cam on the
brake-pulley rim & be held by the horn so that the brake-pulley would drive
the pawl & hence the wheel, so that the brake-pulley becomes for the time
practically part of the wheel.
The improvement consists in connecting the brake-pulleys or wheels to the
axle, either permanently or at will, so that when the axle rotates backwards
the wheels do likewise unless the bolt or cam or whatever connects the brake-
pulley or wheel to the axle be thrown out of gear.
This connection of brake-pulley or wheel to the axle may be made by one
or more bolts or pins working lengthwise or radially on the axle pressed forwards
or outwards by a spring or an equivalent appliance, on to a crown ratchet or
internal ratchet wheel connected to the brake-pulley or wheel hub, these bolts
can be usually in gear & capable of being put out of gear, or usually out of
gear & capable of being put in gear or always in gear.
The connection may be made in the case of a bolt sliding lengthwise by
having the bolt formed as part of a sleeve which can be moved on a feather key
on the axle, in the ordinary way, a spring, or the spring of the lever moving
it, may be used to keep it in gear or out of gear, but at the same time allow
the axle to move forwards relatively to the brake-pulley when the latter is
held back, but not backwards relatively to it. Of course, by pulling cords
on the levers attached to the bolts, acting oppositely to the springs holding
them, or by other equivalent means, the connection could be thrown into or
out of gear.
In the case of radial bolts, these may be similarly thrown out of gear by
sliding sleeves partially over them. Or the sleeves might by their rotation
throw the bolts out of gear e.g. when the axle moves forwards, by applying
friction to the sleeves, the latter would lay & they can be so shaped as to put
the bolts or keys &c. out of gear; & when the axle moves backwards applying

page_text: friction to the sleeve causes it to lay relatively to the axle (i.e. in the opposite
direction) & the bolts or keys are thrown into gear.
Or a cam, or cams may be pivotted on the axle so as to oscillate about its
pivot so that it jams on the boss on the brake-pulley or hub of the wheel when
the latter moves in one direction relatively to it but not in the other direction.
Or, the brake-pulley may take the form of an "Otto & Langen clutch as
shown in Fig. (I) & such as described in The Gas & Oil Engine" by Dugald
Clerk, 7th editn., p. 140. This allows the brake-pulley, when friction is applied
to it, to lag behind the axle when the latter is going forwards but when the
axle is going backwards, or the brake-pulley going forwards quicker than the
axle the brake-pulleys & hence the wheels engage with the axle & the axle &
wheels rotate as one body, except that if the brake be applied to either brake-
pulley in any case when the vehicle is moving forwards that wheel is thrown
out of gear & retarded till the necessary turn is made. When the motor is
reversed, the brake-pulleys or wheels being in gear with the axle, the vehicle
is driven backwards. To steer, if the brake be applied to one wheel & if at
the same time the supply of working fluid to the motor is reduced, the momentum
of the vehicle would cause the other wheel to run backwards quicker than the
one to which the brake is applied, & so make a turn. But if the momentum
is not used, by withdrawing one or other bolt or pin, by means of a cord
attached to the lever controling it, or otherwise, & applying the brake to that
wheel, the other wheel moves backward quicker & so a turn can be made. Or,
if when the vehicle is being driven backwards any turn is required, one or
other driving wheel as required can be moved forwards to produce it.
The brake-pulley brakes can be connected to the steering-pulley, Fig. (2),
for running at any velocity not too high for this method of steering; then
by turning the steering handle to one side or the other the corresponding pawl
is put out of gear & the wheel held by the brake on that side until the desired
turn. be made.
The steering handle, with its rod J, Figs. (2) & (3) draws back in a casing q
to reduce the supply of working fluid or eletricity or to reverse the motor
The steering-pulley is capable of rotating about its centre pivot p to apply
one brake, & of moving backwards in slots to apply both brakes together.
The cord forming part of the connection to the cock or whatever regulates
the supply of motive fluid or electricity, would then pass through an eyelet
over the centre of the steering-pulley & be connected to the steering handle
or rod J, so that the supply of motive fluid or electricity is reduced as the
handle is drawn back.
Of course, instead of using the steering handle direct, gear, such as worm
gearing may be introduced to turn it if desired.
In running down hill, if no effort is required to be exerted, the pins on the
pawls engage the curved horns on the brake-pulleys & so turn the latter &
the axle & machinery (unless the bolts, pins or cams connecting the brake-
pulleys to the axle are pulled back by cords or levers). By applying one or
other brake steering is effected & by applying both the speed is retarded.
If the wheel brakes are connected to the steering-pulley for steering purposes,
instead of the brake-pulley brakes, the connection of the cock or whatever
regulates the supply of motive fluid or electricity would be made to any
convenient point on the steering rod, so that the supply of motive fluid is
reduced to the proper extent when the steering handle is turned.
Fig. (1) shows C, the brake-pulley, formed internally as an Otto & Langen
clutch (see "The Gas & Oil Engine" by Dugald Clerk, 7th Edition, p. 140).
The part a is keyed to the shaft V, the steel slips c, c, c, c are wedge shaped on
the back as is the interior part of the casing C (which forms the brake-pulley)
at d, d, d, d, the steel rollers e, e, e, e are carried by the slips. The slips may
be connected by a band f which can be tightened at g, g to give a certain
amount of friction in moving round a. Thus if a is revolving in the direction

page_text: of the arrow the brake-pulley C is carried round at the same rate, unless the
brake is applied to it. But if Crotates forwards quicker than a, or a rotates
in the opposite direction the rollers e are firmly wedged between the two inclined
surfaces & the steel slips grip a firmly & drive the shaft.
The cam on C has a horn Q, shaped to catch & hold the pin L on the
pawl B. The horn Q on coming into contact with the projection N on the pawl
puts it into gear with the ratchet wheel, springs or other equivalent devices
may also be used for the purpose. The same letters are used in Figs. (1),
(2) & (3) as in Patent No. 7250-1897. In Figs. (2) & (33) the steering bandle
draws the rod J through its casing on the steering-pulley H in order to diminish
the supply of motive fluid or electricity, or to reverse. Fig. (3) shows a cord
passing to a cock regulating the supply of motive fluid, though of course this
may be done by varying the cut-off. The steering pulley H can draw back
with its pivot p in the slot s to apply both brakes at once.
Having now particularly described & ascertained the nature of my said
invention, & in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is:―
In the arrangement of motor vehicle described in Patent No. 7250-1897 to
introduce a connection of brake-pulley or wheel to the axle-such as an Otto &
Langen clutch, which may be incorporated in the brake-pulley; or a ratchet &
bolt or pin, the former of which may be attached to the brake-pulley or wheel &
the bolt or pin connected to the axle.
Dated this 26th day of October 1899.
ARTHUR WILLIAM BRIGHTMORE.