matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN SHAVING BRUSHES
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Albert Robert Cunningham at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
31st May 1866.
I, ALBERT ROBERT CUNNINGHAM, of Cambridge Place, Kensington, in the
County of Middlesex, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN SHAVING BRUSHES," to be as follows:-
The object of my Invention is to construct shaving brushes with means of
obtaining a ready, continuous, and regular supply of lather or soapy solution
when the brush is in use. For this purpose I form a chamber or recess
(conical, by preference, and) terminating in a channel or passage in the end
of the handle or stock of the brush nearest to the brush proper, that is to say,
to the clusters, tufts, or pieces of bristle, hair, fur, or other material forming
the brush or distributing portion, into the centre or midst of which the channel
or passage leads. The other end of the recess or chamber is open to or
communicates with the hollow interior of or a chamber formed in the handle
in which I place a supply of soap. I also fit in the stock or handle a screw
threaded rod, a pusher, or other propelling contrivance which works therein
and extends to or into the part containing the soap, or acts thereon, so that
by actuating this screw rod, pusher, or propelling contrivance a portion of the
soap will be driven through the passage into the midst of the brush proper,
and the latter being suitably wetted the soap will be converted into lather or

page_text: solution; when a screw is used it may be readily worked by a nut or female
screw at the end of the handle. Sometimes I use a spring to act on the
soap in the chamber and force it through the passage; sometimes I attach to
or form a portion of the handle of elastic or resilient material, such as
caoutchouc, capable of yielding or collapsing under pressure, so that when
pressure is applied a portion of the soap will be forced through the passage
into the midst of the clusters, tufts, bristles, hair, fur, or other material of the
brush.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ELECTRO-MAGNETIC ENGINES FOR OBTAINING AND APPLYING MOTIVE POWER
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Darlow at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 31st January
1866.
I, WILLIAM DARLOW, of Park Road, Tottenham, in the County of
Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN ELECTRO-MAGNETIC ENGINES FOR OBTAINING AND APPLYING
MOTIVE POWER," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to improvements in arranging the parts of electro-
magnetic engines for the purpose of obtaining and applying motive power,
wherein a series of magnets are mounted upon or form part of a ring which
is surrounded by a series of "helices" or coils of covered wire, through
which currents of electricity are passed, thus causing the ring and magnets
carried thereby to revolve. Heretofore in electro-magnetic engines of
this construction the "helices" have been mounted upon a stationary
frame or support, the power obtained by the rotation of the ring and series
of magnets through the "helices" being transmitted from the circumference
of the rotating ring. Now, according to my improvements, I mount the
serics of "helices" upon a disc, drum, or wheel (herein-after called a disc),
which is fixed upon and rotates with a central axis supported in suitable
fixed plummer blocks or bearings. Upon one side (or upon both sides) of
this disc a "magnet ring" is supported on friction rollers, so as to revolve
in the opposite direction to that in which the disc and axis is arranged

page_text: to revolve. By preference the series of magnets and "helices"
arranged in connection with a galvanic battery that the electric current is
formed or completed through each helix to magnetize the successive
sections of iron forming the ring (or partial ring) of magnets as each helix
arrives on the descending side of the disc; by this means preponderance is
given to that side of the disc by the additional weight of the magnets on
the descending side, whilst they are retained to the disc by magnetic
attraction. During the retention of the magnets within the "helices" the
ring is caused to rotate with the disc and axis, but the moment the electric
circuit is broken the ring of magnets is caused to rotate in the opposite
direction to the disc, the electric circuit having been previously completed
through the next descending helix, and so on with each successive helix.
Continuous rotary motion (aided by the gravitating power of the magnets)
is thus imparted to the disc and axis, from which the motive power thus
obtained may be transmitted through toothed wheels or other mechanism
to be applied for driving machinery for various purposes. A galvanic
battery of suitable power is employed to produce a current or currents of
electricity of a strength in proportion to the amount of power required.
Suitable apparatus is arranged in combination with the rotating disc for
making and breaking the electric currents passing through the "helices,"
as is well understood. Several discs and "magnet rings" may be mounted
upon the same axis when a powerful electro-magnetic engine is required.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN MACHINERY FOR COMBING WOOL AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Pollard, Thomas Whitehead,
John Whitehead, and Valentine Williamson, at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on the 12th October
1866.
JOHN POLLARD, of Leeds, in the County of York, Machine Maker,
THOMAS WHITEHEAD, of Leeds, aforesaid, Machine Maker, JOHN WHITEHEAD,
of Leeds, aforesaid, Mechanic, and VALENTINE WILLIAMSON, of Leeds, aforesaid,
Mechanic, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN MACHINERY FOR COMBING WOOL AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES,"
to be as follows:-
Our improvements consist of an upright cylinder circular brush at the
heel or hind part of the dabbing brush ordinarily used on combing machines.
This upright cylinder circular brush is connected with or attached to a rack
or toothed wheel which when moving causes the brush to revolve and dab
the wool or other material at the point of contact of the two circular combs,
so that as the rack or toothed wheel moves along or over each tooth the
upright cylinder circular brush is caused to dab the wool or other material in
the circular combs. The upright cylinder circular brush is placed or fixed
at right angles with the circular combs.
IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR DAMPING DIRECTION AND OTHER LABELS
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Hoare at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 8th August
1866.
I, WILLIAM HOARE, of Wood Street, Cheapside, in the City of London,
Stationer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVED
APPARATUS FOR DAMPING DIRECTION AND OTHER LABELS," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to a novel apparatus for damping or wetting the
gummed or under side of direction or other labels, for the purpose of causing
them to adhere to parcels, packages, cases, or other articles to which they are
to be attached.
The object of the Invention is to damp or wet the gummed or under side
of the label without at the same time wetting the outer side on which the
direction is written.
The apparatus consists of a vessel of any convenient shape and made by
preference of earthenware or metal as it is to contain water. In this vessel
is mounted a cylindrical roller, which may if desired be covered with a piece
of felt, woollen cloth, or other material which will absorb a portion of water.
Above this roller, but about an inch or so apart horizontally, are mounted two
other rollers of smaller diameter, and which may be called guide rollers; these
latter are grooved to receive india-rubber bands, which pass round both of
them, and serve to carry the direction labels into and out of the apparatus.
Immediately above the lowermost roller, which may be termed the damping

page_text: roller, is mounted another roller called the top or pressing roller; on this
roller are formed projecting collars, against which the india-rubber bands bear
as the roller rotates. The damping roller is by this construction of parts pre-
vented from coming into contact with and thereby wetting the pressing roller
above, and yet it is brought sufficiently near thereto to damp or wet the
under side of the label as it is passed through the apparatus. The surface or
direction side of the label will thus never be wetted, and therefore any written
direction thereon will not be liable to be blurred, smeared, or damaged by
the wet.
IMPROVED MEANS OF OR APPARATUS FOR PREVENTING THE ACCUMULATION OF MUD OR DIRT ON CARRIAGE WHEELS
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Herbert William Hart at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 27th
June 1866.
I, HERBERT WILLIAM HART, of Springwell Lodge, Clapham Common, in the
County of Surrey, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "IMPROVED MEANS OF OR APPARATUS FOR PREVENTING THE ACCUMULATION
OF MUD OR DIRT ON CARRIAGE WHEELS," to be as follows:-
My improved means of or apparatus for preventing the accumulation of
mud or dirt on carriage wheels consists in the adaptation to the wheels of
carriages of a brush or scraper which is held in contact with the tyre or felloe
of the wheel so that as it rotates and picks up mud or dirt from the road, such
mud or dirt will be scraped or rubbed off by the brush or scraper.
In carrying out my Invention I form the brush or scraper of a U shape so
that it shall enclose the tyre and felloe on three sides, and thus effectually
prevent the mud or dirt from accumulating thereon. This brush or scraper
is placed at the end of a lever or arm, which is adapted to or secured on to
the axletree or other convenient part of the carriage. It will be advantageous
to construct this arm of a flat steel bar, so that it will be capable of yielding
slightly when required, and yet will keep the brush or scraper against the
wheel without any undue pressure, which would create too much friction.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN MUFFS
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Eugene Ehrenfried Quelle at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
30th November 1866.- A communication from abroad by Messrs.
Quelle, Brothers, of Paris, France.
I, EUGENE EHRENFRIED QUELLE, of Bermondsey, in the County of Surrey,
Skin Dyer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN MUFFS," (communicated to me from abroad by Messrs. Quelle,
Brothers, of Paris, France,) to be as follows:-
My improvements consist in the construction and employment of muff's
made as hereafter described in such manner that they may occupy a small
space when so required, but when in use present the appearance of muffs of
ordinary make.
I make the muff in two parts; the first part is made of a silk or other
material for containing eider down, swan down, or other material usually used
for stuffing muffs, and the ends are secured by india-rubber, whalebone, cane,
or other material. I line the outside and inside with, by preference, different
colored materials, white and black, for example, so that there may be a white
or a black inside lining to the muff as desired, and the muff in this state is
capable of being turned inside out, or vice versa. Sometimes instead of
forming this part of the muff of, say, silk, I make it of india-rubber by
preference vulcanized, having a nozzle attached to it whereby it is inflated
with air.

page_text: The second part of the muff or the outer lining is made of fur, wool, or any
other material of which muffs are usually made and lined with silk or other
material, it is round, and of a size to correspond with and to fit over the inner
part, in appearance it resembles a bag open at both ends which are secured
by strings or cords, and the size of the aperture is regulated by buttons
travelling on the cords or strings. Tassels may terminate the ends of the
strings. When the outer part is over the inner the muff has an ordinary
appearance, but when the outer is taken off the inner the outer part is flat
and consequently occupies but little space, at the same time the inner part
can be pressed in a box without injury, as would occur if muffs of the ordinary
construction are submitted to pressure. For each inner part I prefer using
two outer parts, one of which may be black and the other white, by these
means I have two muffs occupying much less space than one of ordinary make,
and the whole is capable of being packed in a flat box.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR SOWING GRAIN OR SEED, AND PERFORMING CERTAIN OTHER OPERATIONS CONNECTED THERE- WITH
Year: 1866

page_text: AL SPECIF
TION left by Henri Adrien Bonneville, at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 3rd
January 1866. A communication from Alfred Jean Baptiste Bruillon
and Pedro Martinez Lopez, residing at Passy, near Paris, in the Empire
of France.
I, HENRI ADRIEN BONNEVILLE, of the British and Foreign Patent Offices,
24, Rue du Mont Thabor, Paris, in the Empire of France, and 38, Porchester
Terrace, Bayswater, in the County of Middlesex, Patent Agent, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR SOWING
GRAIN OR SEED, AND PERFORMING CERTAIN OTHER OPERATIONS CONNECTED THERE-
WITH," communicated to me by Alfred Jean Baptiste Bruillon and Pedro
Martinez Lopez, persons residing at Passy, near Paris, in the Empire of
France, aforesaid, to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to an improved construction of apparatus for forming
the furrows, sowing the grain or other seed alone or in conjunction with any
suitable substance and for covering the same with earth.
The accompanying Drawings represent the said apparatus, Fig. 1 in
elevation, and Fig. 2 partly in plan.
In Fig. 1 D is the framework of cast iron; F, sower; G, moveable piece
carrying the furrower and rake; K, wheel with moveable teeth L; M, tubes

page_text: for grain or seed; N, funnel containing grain, and if required manure; P,
moveable framework supporting the sower, furrower, and funnel; H, furrower;
I, rake; X, lever acted upon by the teeth L.
In Fig. 2, A, A, are openings formed in the bottom plank of the grain
funnel and all communicating together; B, B, iron bar moving the flaps or
plates G, G; C, rollers of said bar; D, D, brass support, serving as a chariot
for the roller C; E, E, levers moving the bar B; F, F, openings formed
in the bar for receiving the moveable pins F, F1; G, G, flaps or plates of brass
conducting the grain towards the openings A, A; H, fixed pivot on which
the flaps turn; I, groove for the passage of the slides J; K, blade for regulating
the opening through which the grain or seed passes; L, pin retaining the
blade K; M, M, piece of brass, which may be raised or lowered for regulating
the size of the grain opening; N, N, opening formed in the flap, in which the
square piece M, M, rises and descends; O, cross piece holding the piece M
against the brass plate; P, iron rod, provided with a washer for increasing or
diminishing the pressure on the flaps; R, brass blade uniting the distributing
tubes R'; R", ear pieces placed at the sides of the tubes to prevent the grain
escaping; V, sheaths in which enter the lever arms.
The flaps or plates G, G, may also be moved by means of excentrics or
cams replacing the bar B, B; or by other suitable means.
IMPROVEMENTS IN AND RELATING TO FENCE, GATE, AND TELEGRAPH POSTS
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Matthew Andrew Muir and James
McIlwham at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 19th February 1866.
We, MATTHEW ANDREW MUIR and JAMES MCILWHAM, of Glasgow, in the
County of Lanark, North Britain, Machinists, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN AND RELATING TO FENCE, GATE, AND
TELEGRAPH POSTS," to be as follows, that is to say :-
This Invention has principally for its object the constructing of fence, gate,
and telegraph posts, or the lower parts thereof, so that they can be easily fixed
in the ground without previously digging holes for them, but so as to be very
firm and secure when fixed; and the Invention consists principally in forming
the lower parts of the post with one or more screw-shaped or helical flanges or
blades.
In one modification the post or post foot is formed with a horizontal,
circular, or other shaped flange to bear upon the surface of the ground,. and
below this there projects downwards a central shank or spindle which has a
screw-shaped flange formed on it at or near its bottom end.
In a second modification the screw-shaped flange is continued from the
surface flange down almost to the bottom point of the spindle.
In a third modification, more particularly suitable for telegraph posts, the
screw-shaped flange is formed upon the lower part of a tubular centre which

page_text: is open at the bottom and which is by preference tapered with the larger part
uppermost. The foot of the post may be made separately from the upper part,
which latter may be of metal or wood, the metal foot or socket preserving the
lower part of the wood post from decay. The improved post is fixed by simply
screwing it into its place without previously preparing the ground, and this
operation of screwing may be conveniently effected by means of a double-armed
lever applied to the post or to the top of the post foot by two workmen. The
post will be most economically made of cast iron, and in making the mould
for casting it it is preferred to shape the part of the mould that forms the
screw-shaped flanges by screwing or tapping the pattern into and out of the
sand or mould material.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THERMOMETERS AND PYROMETERS
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Baldwin Fulford Weatherdon
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 11th August 1866.-A communication from abroad by Charles
Leroy and Joseph Jean Marie Durand (Candle Manufacturers),
of Route de Fontainebleau, Seine, in the Empire of France, and Celestin
Pichoin, of Route d'Italie, Paris, in the aforesaid Empire.
I, BALDWIN FULFORD WEATHERDON, of 77, Chancery Lane, in the County
of Middlesex, Civil Engineer and Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THERMOMETERS AND PYROMETERS,"
(a communication from abroad by Charles Leroy and Joseph Jean Marie
Durand (Candle Manufacturers), of Route de Fontainebleau, Seine, in' the
Empire of France, and Celestin Pichoin, of Route d'Italie, Paris, in the
aforesaid Empire), to be as follows (that is to say):-
This Invention has reference to the construction and employment of
thermometers and pyrometers, having for their object the equalizing the flow
and variations of volume developed in fluids, aëriform bodies, or like matters
containing chaloric or latent heat, whereby great uniformity in the temperatures
of the matters is maintained through the medium of a self-circulating system
mechanically arranged capable of producing physical, chemical, or like effects
for raising or lowering the temperature of the said matters, and consists of
a mercury thermometer having two branches or tubes springing vertically
from the bulb, in each of which platinum wires surmounted with silk thread

page_text: or other insulating matter are so arranged in connection with electric piles
and magnetic coils moving in conjunction with supply and discharge water
taps, valves, air passages, or otherwise as to admit of the said regulation being
uniformly maintained (that is to say) on heat being communicated to the bulb
of the thermometer placed within the heated fluid, body, or matter to be regu-
lated, the said heat causes the mercury to ascend within the tubes, so that upon
coming in contact with the wires corresponding to any suitable graduation
thereon the electric current is put in motion, and the supply and discharge
passages opened and the regulation effected.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SCREW STOCKS AND TUBE CUTTERS
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Chatwin at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 2nd November
1866.
I, THOMAS CHATWIN, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Machinist,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN SCREW
STOCKS AND TUBE CUTTERS," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists of the improvements herein-after described in adjusting
the screwing and cutting dies of screw stocks and tube cutters, whereby the
said screwing and cutting dies are made to advance and retire simultaneously
in a more simple and efficient manner than has hitherto been accomplished.
I will describe my Invention in connection with a screw stock. The
screwing or cutting dies of the stock work in radial slots in the body of the
stock in the ordinary way. On the upper side of each of the said screwing or
cutting dies I make a series of curved teeth or notches, the said teeth being
struck from a common centre or from the centre of the body of the stock,
through which the rod to be screwed passes. Upon the top of the body of
the screw stock I place an annular plate capable of rotating freely upon the
said stock; this plate may be kept in its place by means of a fixed shoulder
on the body of the stock, under which shoulder the inner edge of the annular
plate engages. Upon the under side of the said annular plate I make a spiral

page_text: thread, the said thread being fitted to engage with the teeth before described
on the upper side of the screwing dies. By a spiral thread I wish it to be
understood that I mean a thread the curves of which gradually recede from
a point or centre while they continue to revolve about the said point or centre.
By rotating the said annular plate by means of a knob or projection upon it
the said spiral thread on its under side engaging with the teeth on the screwing
dies gives a sliding motion simultaneously to the said screwing dies, and by
rotating the annular plate in one or other direction the said screwing dies may
be advanced towards or separated from each other the required distance.
I do not limit myself to the arrangement of the parts described, as other
arrangements may be adopted; for example, the teeth or notches may be made
upon sliding pieces, and the said sliding pieces give motion to the dies, the
essence of my Invention consisting in adjusting simultaneously the screwing
and cutting dies of screw stocks and tube cutters by means of a spiral thread
engaging with teeth or notches on the said dies or on sliding pieces to act upon
the said dies.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR EMPLOYING THE MOTIVE POWER OF JETS OF FLUID
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Matthew Piers Watt Boulton.at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
30th October 1866.
I, MATTHEW PIERS WATT BOULTON, of Tew Park, Oxfordshire, Esquire,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
APPARATUS FOR EMPLOYING THE MOTIVE POWER OF JETS OF FLUID," to be as
follows:-
This Invention relates to the employment of jets of fluid for the propulsion
of vessels or vehicles through various media. When it is desired to propel
vessels moving through water this Invention in one form is applied as
follows:-The ship or vessel to be propelled carries within it a vessel
in which seriform fluid is generated or contained under pressure, and a
jet of this fluid issues from a nozzle or orifice communicating with this vessel;
this jet issues into water supplied from the water outside the ship or vessel,
and sets in motion a current of water moving in the same direction as the
issuing jet. The current thus produced impinges on a curved surface or flows
through a curved channel by which it is deflected, so that it flows away into the
water outside the vessel in a direction contrary to that in which it is desired
to urge the vessel, or nearly in that direction. The pressure exerted by the
current on-the surface-or-body by which-it-is-deflected propels the ship or vessel.
The current before impinging on the deflecting surface or body may move.

page_text: through a passage or passages in which its velocity is reduced and a portion
of its vis viva converted into pressure or potential energy, so that it may act
on the surface partly by pressure and partly by vis viva. If the energy is
employed wholly or almost wholly in the form of pressure the channel into
which the current is injected may be of any form desired. The current
flowing away after the action or the surface or body may be discharged either
into the water outside the vessel or into the air above the level of that water.
The jet of aeriform fluid which sets in motion the current of water may issue
in a direction transverse to the major axis or length of the vessel, or it may
issue in other directions. The jet may be steam or other aeriform matter.
Many jets of fluid may be used acting as above described, and they may act
in various parts of the ship or vessel. The direction of the ship's motion may
be controlled by changing the direction and action of the jets and the direction
of the issuing currents.
If this Invention is applied to the purpose of propelling vessels or bodies
moving through the air then the jet or jets of fluid should issue into air and
set air in motion, the action of the current or currents produced as a means
of propelling the vessel being similar to that above described.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MODE OF AND APPARATUS FOR THE DISTILLATION, RECTIFICATION, AND DISINFECTION OF MINERAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, APPLICABLE ALSO TO THE PURIFICATION AND RECTIFICATION OF FATTY AND OTHER PRODUCTS OF SUCH OILS
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Edward Newton at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 21st
August 1866. A communication from abroad by Jean Baptiste Lahore,
of Rue St. Sebastien, Paris, in the Empire of France.
I, WILLIAM EDWARD NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery Lane,
in the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MODE OF AND APPARATUS FOR
THE DISTILLATION, RECTIFICATION, AND DISINFECTION OF MINERAL OR VEGETABLE
OILS, APPLICABLE ALSO TO THE PURIFICATION AND RECTIFICATION OF FATTY AND OTHER
PRODUCTS OF SUCH OILS," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in effecting by means of steam (either superheated
or not) a first and if necessary a second and third distillation of oils, in order
to rectify and purify them and completely deprive them of all offensive odour.
The steam generated at a greater or less pressure is brought directly into
contact with the liquid matter in all its parts and in sufficient quantity, by
which means the most satisfactory results are obtained.
The apparatus which is employed for the purpose of carrying out this
Invention consists in an arrangement of several closed vessels or cylinders
turning on a common axle or shaft which is hollow throughout its length, and
through which the liquid to be disinfected is supplied, jets of steam being also
allowed to circulate therein at the same time. If necessary syphon pipes
may be applied between each cylinder for the purpose of preventing the
return of the steam. The liquid, either cold or previously heated by steam to

page_text: a low temperature of, say, from 40 to 50 degrees in a vessel having a false
bottom for that purpose, is passed into a vessel below, where it is mixed with
steam; in this vessel is mounted a shaft provided with arms or beaters, to
which a continuous rotary motion is imparted; by this means an intimate
mixture of oil and steam will be effected, and from which vessel the products
of distillation are led off by a pipe above. From this vessel the oil passes
down through a pipe into the hollow shaft, on to which are keyed cylinders
which turn with it, and to, which a somewhat slow rotary motion is imparted
by any convenient means, such as by a band passing over a pulley. The
oil passes successively into these cylinders through the hollow shaft. Each of
the cylinders is furnished inside with partitions, which are somewhat smaller in
diameter than the cylinders, and are serrated at their circumferences for the
purpose of allowing the oil and steam to pass. The cylinders are each
provided below with a cock for the purpose of drawing off the material after
being operated upon, and also with a trap or door for the purpose of being
enabled to clean out the cylinders.
IMPROVED MEANS OF AND APPARATUS FOR SUPPLYING WATER TO THE TANKS OF LOCOMOTIVE ENGINES AND TENDERS
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Reade at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 12th July 1866.
-A communication from abroad by Henry S. Lansdell, of the City of
Jersey, in the State of New Jersey, one of the United States of America
I, WILLIAM READE, of No. 4, Clayton Square, Liverpool, in the County of
Lancaster, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVED MEANS OF AND APPARATUS FOR SUPPLYING WATER TO THE TANKS OF
LOCOMOTIVE ENGINES AND TENDERS," the same being a communication to me
from abroad by Henry S Lansdell, of the City of Jersey, in the State of
New Jersey, one of the United States of America," to be as follows —
The means or agent employed for supplying water to the tanks of locomotive
engines and tenders is steam taken from the boiler of the locomotive itself
during the time it has come to a stand at a station, the steam so taken is
conveyed through a pipe or pipes into the apparatus herein-after described,
and it causes or induces a current of water to use or flow in the direction
required, and this without the intervention of working mechanical parts
The water to be supplied to the engine or tender tank or tanks may be
raised directly thereto, or raised to a store tank at an elevation from which
it would be allowed to flow when requied. The apparatus for supplying
water to locomotive engine and tender tanks directly from a well or sunk

page_text: reservoir at a station consists of five main parts; first, a supporting column
or frame; second, a steam pipe, either flexible or jointed so that it can be
readily connected to the locomotive boiler; third, a steam chamber of
cylindrical or other shape into which the end of the steam pipe projects;
fourth, a supply pipe or pipes, the upper end or ends of which terminate in
the steam chamber and the lower enters or dips amongst the water to be
raised; and fifth, a delivery pipe connected into the steam chamber and led
therefrom upwards and outwards laterally. The upper termination of this
pipe reaches a height sufficient to supply a tank and for convenience in
bringing it into position for this purpose and for removal out of the way it is
formed with a swivel head or piece supported in or by a cowl-like top part.
When steam is allowed to flow from the boiler through the steam pipe into
the steam chamber a vacum or partial vacum is created, and the water into
which the supply pipe enters or dips is forced by atmospheric pressure and
drawn by the current of steam through the said supply pine the steam
chamber, and the delivery pipe into the tank, and this continues as long as
steam is allowed to flow. To supply water to a store tank at an elevation
requies only an elongation or continuance of the delivery pipe so_as_to
conduct the water into the tank, and that arrangement will in many places
be of much service for a sufficient quantity of water can be raised by a
connection from one boiler at one time to supply the tanks of many engines
and tenders at different times.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF GAS FOR ILLUMINATING AND HEATING PURPOSES
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Meldrum at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 15th December
1866.
I, EDWARD MELDRUM, of Bathgate, in the County of Linlithgow, North
Britain, Esquire, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF GAS FOR ILLUMINATING AND HEATING
PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to a means for producing gas for illuminating and
for heating purposes from paraffin oil and other similar hydrocarbons, and
consists essentially in effecting the decomposition or conversion of such hydro-
carbons into permanent gas by allowing the hydrocarbon either in a liquid
state or in a state of vapour to come in contact with coke, charcoal, or other
carbonaceous matter heated to redness and contained in an externally heated
retort, or to come in contact with charcoal or coke heated to redness by
admission of air inside the retort, or by the use of such other arrangement as
will admit of the carbonaceous materials being heated to the desired tempera-
ture and the products resulting from the decomposition of the hydrocarbon
being collected.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN CERTAIN TEXTILE FABRICS
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Oates Greenwood at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 1st
September 1866.
I, JOHN OATES GREENWOOD, of Bank Foot Mills, Bradford, in the County
of York, Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "AN IMPROVEMENT IN CERTAIN TEXTILE FABRICS," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to certain textile fabrics known as "melange fabrics,"
or fabrics in the manufacture of which a particular kind or mixture weft is
used called "melange yarn." And my improvement consists in printing such
fabrics in various ornamental designs and colours after the manner of calico
printing, by which I obtain novel and beautiful effects on this class of
fabrics not heretofore produced.
APPARATUS FOR EFFECTING A SOLUTION OF LIME FOR THE PURPOSE OF SOFTENING HARD WATER
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas William Tobin at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 27th
April 1866.
I, THOMAS WILLIAM TOBIN, of No. 5, Watson's Road, Wood Green, in the
County of Middlesex, Architect, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "APPARATUS FOR EFFECTING A SOLUTION OF LIME FOR THE PURPOSE
OF SOFTENING HARD WATER," to be as follows:-
The arrangement consists of two chambers of suitable dimensions, the first
to contain a sufficient supply of lime for the operation. The best form for
this chamber is that of an upright cylinder, but for convenience it may be either
rectangular or of any other like form. Two openings are provided to this
chamber, one at the top to admit of insertion of the lime, the other at the
bottom for the supply of water. Over the latter is placed a covering of wire
gauze or a perforated cap in order to spread the water in the presence of the
lime on its entrance into the chamber. The second is an air-tight chamber of a
capacity of not less than 6 inches cube, and is to be attached to the supply at
a convenient distance from and communicating with the lower aperture in
the first chamber. By an arrangement in the supply of water a quantity
of air is maintained in the upper part of this chamber and the whole of the
water supplying the first chamber is passed through this second chamber.
A mixture of lime with water to about the consistency of thin paste is placed
through the upper opening into the first chamber, and there falls by its weight,
covering the opening at bottom. The water now entering disturbs and passes

page_text: through the lime to the top of the chamber, saturated or nearly so with lime.
The water so obtained may be withdrawn by means of a syphon from below
the surface which is ordinarily covered with a scum. I then mix this water
with the water to be softened in the proportions as set forth in a Patent granted
to Thomas Clark, for "Purifying and Softening Water," dated the 8th day of
March 1841 (No. 8875), and filter the whole through charcoal or other
filtering material.
IMPROVEMENTS IN DRAINING AND CON- SOLIDATING CUTTINGS, EMBANKMENTS, AND OTHER PARTS OF RAILWAYS
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Curtis at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 26th April
1866.
I, JOHN CURTIS, of Putney, in the County of Surrey, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN DRAINING AND CON-
SOLIDATING CUTTINGS, EMBANKMENTS, AND OTHER PARTS OF RAILWAYS," to be
as follows:-
The present cause of accidents from slips of railway cuttings and embank-
ments, and from settlement of the ballast ways on which are placed the
sleepers and rails, is from the water escaping and causing a vacuum, con-
sequently the weight of earth above by its own gravity pressing down causes
the slip or settlement. To cut off the water is the object of my Invention, and
to effect this I cut drains of the requisite depth in the embankment, cutting,
or other required place, and place therein drain pipes, which I fill to nearly
the surface with chalk, flint, stones, cinders, or other like substances, by
which the water is conveyed away, and all danger of accident obviated. The
cuttings and embankments will by this means be made more secure, and the
ballast ways rendered more firm, and consequently less danger of a settlement,
whereby the safety of trains and passengers will be greatly increased.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MIXING APPARATUS FOR MIXING MORTAR AND MATERIALS
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Louis Gonzague Speyser at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 31st
December 1866.
I, LOUIS GONZAGUE SPETSEB, of No. 6, Haydon Square, Minories, in the
City of London, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MIXING APPARATUS FOR MIXING MORTAR AND
MATERIALS," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in mixing apparatus for
mixing mortar and similar materials. The mixing apparatus is constructed
in the form of a cask, in which around an axis which traverses it are arranged
five cross frames, of which two are fixed and three moveable; each cross frame
has four branches, in each of which are emplanted teeth like those of a rake;
there are four teeth in each branch of the moving frames, and three teeth in
each branch of the fixed frames; the axis at its lower end is stepped into a
suitable bearing, and near its upper end it turns in a collar formed by two
flat bars bent around it and bolted together, and also bolted to the sides of
the cask or vessel; the axis rises some distance above the top of the cask or
vessel, and receives a bent cross head, to which manual power is directly
applied. The cask or vessel is somewhat larger in diameter at the top than
at the bottom; it is made in oak, and bound with iron hoops. At the bottom
of the cask.or vessel is a square opening closed by a sliding sheet-iron door,
which is moved by means of a lever; the mortar when it sufficiently mixed

page_text: is drawn out of the vessel by this door; other doors are provided to facilitate
the cleaning of the apparatus. The cask or vessel may also conveniently
be made in cast iron in place of oak, the internal mechanism remaining
unchanged. The apparatus may be worked by horses or by steam power.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PERMANENT WAY OF RAILWAYS
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alexander Berhard at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 17th August
1866.
I, ALEXANDER BERHARD, of No. 55, Upper Berkeley Street, Portman Square,
in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PERMANENT WAY OF RAILWAYS," to be as
follows:
The said improvements consist in the peculiar form of the chairs and rails,
whereby the latter are supported more securely and steadily and a great saving
is effected in the construction of the railway. The chair is made of cast iron,
and is of a triangular sectional form with a broad base, which rests upon the
sleeper, the said base being extended on the inner side to form a flange for
the holding down bolts or screws, which secure the chair and sleeper together.
The chair terminates at its apex in a rectangular projection which forms a
support for the upper flange or head of the rail. The said rail is made double-
headed, the bearing surface of the heads or flanges being curved. The rail is
so formed and secured upon the chairs that two heads thereof instead of being
one under the other when the rail is laid stand at an angle corresponding to the
angle of the side of the chair upon which side the web or body of the rail rests.
. The under side of each of the rail heads is formed to fit firmly upon the top
of the projecting piece at the apex of the chair, and a portion also of the web
is formed to bed against the side of the said projecting piece, a flange or rib
being formed on the exterior of the rail head which fits the other side of the said

page_text: projecting piece. This method of forming the rail prevents the ends being
beaten down and injured by the passage of heavy trains over the joints, and
also affords a means whereby the said rail is readily and accurately placed in
its position upon the chairs, where it is secured by bolts, screws, or other
suitable fastenings passing through the web of the rail and the inclined side of
the chair.
Rails formed and supported in the manner above described will last twice
as long as ordinary rails because their bearing surfaces may be changed three
times instead of only once; this is owing partly to the curved sectional form
of the rail and partly to the method of supporting the said rail, which while
only presenting one-half of its bearing surface to the action of the wheel allows
the rail to be changed from one side of the railway to the other, besides being
reversed in the ordinary manner. The rails being more firmly supported upon
the chairs a lesser number of the latter than usually employed is necessary.
A great economy in the construction of the railway is thus obtained, while the
firm and accurately level support given to the rails will considerably lessen the
wear and tear of the locomotives and carriages and at the same time prevent
the disagreeable shaking caused by the imperfect support derived from the
ordinary shaped chairs and rails.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BEDS FOR INVALIDS AND OTHER SICK AND INFIRM PERSONS
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henri Adrien Bonneville at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 14th
April 1866. A communication from Madame Sophie Dambrine, Widow
Polydore Massiou, residing at Avenue de Clichy, Paris, in the Empire
of France.
I, HENRI ADRIEN BONNEVILLE, of the British and Foreign Patent Offices,
24, Rue du Mont Thabor, Paris, in the Empire of France, and 38, Porchester
Terrace, Bayswater, in the County of Middlesex, Patent Agent, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN BEDS FOR
INVALIDS AND OTHER SICK AND INFIRM PERSONS," Communicated to me by
Madame Sophie Dambrine, Widow Polydore Massiou, a person residing at
Avenue de Clichy, Paris, in the Empire of France, aforesaid, to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to an improved construction of beds for invalids,
infirm, and wounded persons, whereby their greater comfort is ensured, and
the dressing of different parts of their bodies greatly facilitated. The
improved bed is provided with a frame carrying a sheet on which the person
is placed. This frame may be raised or lowered by a rack and winch or
other suitable means. The mattresses are replaced by a number of bolsters
or small circular cushions placed on rods passing from side to side of the bed,
and which may be turned round from the ends when the sheet no longer

page_text: presses on them. The sheet itself is made in several pieces or bands, which
may be simply laced or tacked together so that one or more may be removed
in order to dress any injured or diseased part without disturbing the patient,
the frame being raised allowing the passage of the hands. This sheet is also
connected with a funnel or bason of suitable form and material connected
with a close stool placed beneath the bed, and covered by a sliding flap to be
removed by the patient, who can also by any suitable means pump water into
the bason after using it.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BREECH-LOADING GUNS
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Erskine at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 9th June
1866.
I, JAMES ERSKINE, of Newton Stewart, in the County of Wigton, North
Britain, Gunmaker, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN BREECH-LOADING GUNS," to be as follows:-
The line of resistance in the ordinary Lefaucheux or drop gun (which
depends on its fulcrum pin) being at a considerable angle to the line of force
exerted by the explosion gives the barrels a tendency to open upwards, and
by repeated firing to loosen the parts and render the closure of the breech less
perfect; to obviate this, according to my Invention, I make the parts so that
the closure depends upon parts formed solid on the barrel, projecting down-
wards and entering openings in the sole or body, the contact of the one part
with the other forming an abutment or abutments which press and hold the
barrels up to the breech face, and in such way that the fulcrum pin is not at
all depended on, and might in fact be withdrawn at the time of firing without
detriment. I adopt the usual locking apparatus to hold the barrel down, and
I make the projecting pieces forming the abutments available in such locking;
by preference I make the abutting surfaces that hold the barrels to the breech
at right angles, or nearly so, to the line of the barrel. In my arrangement of
this gun I also dispose the fulcrum further from the breech, as also higher
up, that is to say, nearer the line of the bore.
A NEW KIND OF IMPERVIOUS CONCRETE FOR COVERING FLOORS OR ARCHES, AND FOR OTHER SIMILAR PURPOSES
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas William Pearce at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
5th April 1866.
I, THOMAS WILLIAM PEARCE, of St. George's Road, New Kent Road, in
the County of Surrey, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"A NEW KIND OF IMPERVIOUS CONCRETE FOR COVERING FLOORS OR ARCHES, AND
FOR OTHER SIMILAR PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
This Invention is intended to be used as a substitute for asphalte for
covering floors, railway or other arches, and for other similar purposes where
a hard and impervious concrete is required.
The Invention consists principally in a combination of ground quicklime
with gas tar, either with or without the addition of gravel or sand. The
proportions of the ingredients will depend principally upon the average
temperaturo to which the concrete is likely to be exposed, but for ordinary
purposes the following will be found suitable :-Four parts by measure of
gravel or sand, one part by measure of lime, and two parts of tar. The
gravel or sand and powdered quicklime are first to be well mixed together
and then the tar is to be added (by preference) in a heated state. When
the ingredients have been well incorporated the mixture must be used at
once, being spread with hot trowels. By the time that the concrete has
become cool it will be found to be perfectly hard and impervious to water.