IMPROVEMENTS IN CARRIAGE WAYS
Year: 1860

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Sir John Scott Lillie, Companion of the Most
Honorable Order of the Bath, of No. 105, Pall Mall, in the County. of.
Middlesex. for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN CARRIAGE WAYS."
Middlesex, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN CARRIAGE WAYS."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Sir John Scott Lillie at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
14th April 1860.
I, Sir JOHN SCOTT LILLIE, Companion of the Most Honorable Order of
the Bath, of No. 105, Pall Mall, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby:
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN CARRIAGE.
WAYS," to be as follows:-
These improvements consist in casting small stones into blocks of a.
portable size by the admixture of cement, say, from 16 to 20 inches in:
length, and 8 to 10 inches in diameter, having each of the four surfaces
alike, in order that when repairs are required, instead of replacing the old
blocks with new, or throwing loose stones over macadamized roads, which
are ground into mud or dust, these blocks will admit of being turned on.

page_text: their sides presenting three additional surfaces, on each of which the stones
will be imbedded in cement, so as not to admit of being moved until worn out.
As flat blocks of this length will not be well on convex foundations, a fall
being necessary to let the water run off, I propose laying these blocks on
inclined planes, gently rising from the sides to the centre. To diminish the
noise on carriageways of solid stone blocks, I propose introducing alternate
rows of wood, of from 2 to 4 inches in width, between such blocks.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Sir John Scott Lillie in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
13th October 1860.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, Sir JOHN
SCOTT LILLIE, Companion of the Most Honorable Order of the Bath, of
No. 105, Pall Mall, in the County of Middlesex, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent bearing date the Fourteenth day of April, in, the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty, in the twenty-third year of Her reign,
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said Sir John Scott Lillie, Her special licence, that I, the said Sir John Scott
Lillie, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the
said Sir John Scott Lillie, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should
at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times
thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN CARRIAGE WAYS," upon the condition (amongst others) that
I, the said Sir John Scott Lillie, my executors or administrators, by an
instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals;
should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention,
and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to
be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next
and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Sir John Scott Lillie, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same.
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement, that is to say::

page_text: This Invention relates to the laying of carriage ways in a manner and of a
material not hitherto adopted for that purpose.
In order to explain my said Invention as completely as possible, I now pro-
ceed to describe the best means I am acquainted with for carrying the same
into practical effect, as follows:-
My Invention consists in having small stones cemented together by any
suitable cement, and casting them in moulds of a convenient size, and of an,
equilateral or quadrilateral shape, so as to admit (when formed into such
blocks) of their being laid on streets, and having three additional surfaces to
be presented to the traffic when repairs are necessary; also in introducing
between such blocks alternate rows of wooden blocks, as well as between solid
stone blocks, for the purpose of diminishing the noise arising from the traffic.
This combination of wood and stone may be carried into effect on roads or
streets without rendering it necessary to have the above material cast into
blocks. I render the wood thus employed impervious to water by impregnating
it with bituminous, oleaginous, or other such like fluids. I form the foundation
on which such materials are to be laid into inclined planes, gently rising from
the sides of the street or road towards the centre, instead of being of a convex
form as heretofore.
Having now described the nature and objects of my said Invention of
"Improvements in Carriage Ways," and the manner in which the same is to
be performed, I would remark, in conclusion, that I do not confine or
restrict myself to the precise details herein described, as many slight variations
may be made in the shapes of such blocks and the materials of which they
may be formed without in any way departing from the principle of my
Invention; but what I claim as my Invention, and therefore wish to have
secured to me by the herein in part recited Letters Patent, is,-
Firstly, the combination of wood and stone by having wooden blocks placed
in alternate rows between the quadrilateral or equilateral blocks formed as
above described.
Secondly, placing alternate rows of wooden blocks on streets or roads.
between blocks of solid stone, or placing such blocks of small stones on
roads or streets without being cast into blocks.
Thirdly, rendering the wood thus employed impervious to water as above,
described.
Fourthly, forming the foundations for such surfaces in the manner
described.
And, lastly, the forming of carriage ways for streets and roads by a com-

page_text: bination of materials in the manner herein described for the purposes set
forth.
In witness whereof, I, the said Sir John Scott Lillie, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Twenty-ninth day of September, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty.
Witness,
ALEX. PRINCE, Patent Agent,
4, Trafalgar Square,
Charing Cross.
J. S. LILLIE. (L.S.)