IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY POR RAISING PILE ON WOOLLEN, COTTON, AND OTHER FABRICS
Year: 1861

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Robert Howarth, of Mount Pleasant, Bury New
Road, Manchester, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY
POR RAISING PILE ON WOOLLEN, COTTON, AND OTHER FABRICS."
Sealed the 28th May 1861, and dated the 4th February 1861.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Robert Howarth at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
4th February 1861.
I, ROBERT HOWARTH, of Mount Pleasant, Bury New Road, Manchester,
do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MA-
CHINERY FOR RAISING PILE ON WOOLLEN, COTTON, AND OTHER FABRICS," to be
as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in machinery for raising pile
on woollen, cotton, and other fabrics. For these purposes in constructing
a machine for raising pile on fabrics the raising surfaces whether wire cards
or otherwise are on boards, and are carried by endless chains or bands. There
are two sets of such raising surface, and they are moved in. opposite direc-
tions, and raise the pile in a direction from the centre outwards towards the
selvages. The chains or bands of each set of raising surfaces are carried by
means of two axes with suitable wheels or pulleys for receiving and moving
the endless chains on which the raising surfaces are mounted
raising surfaces are mounted
The fabric to

page_text: be raised is moved through the machine at an angle to the direction of the
motion of the endless chains, and by preference at a right angle thereto; and
in order to press the fabric at points intermediate of the succeeding raising
surfaces rods are used, which are also carried by endless chains in such manner
that the fabric will be pressed on intermediate of the neighbouring or succeed-
ing raising surfaces and the axis of the pulleys or wheels which carry the
endless chains of the raising surfaces, and the axes which carry the endless
chains of the pressing rods are geared together so that there will at all times
be a pressing rod intermediate of two neighbouring raising surfaces, which are
in a position to act on the fabric.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Robert Howarth in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
2nd August 1861.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, ROBERT
HOWARTH, of Mount Pleasant, Bury New Road, Manchester, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Fourth day of February, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-one, in the twenty-fourth year
of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant
unto me, the said Robert Howarth, Her special licence that I, the said
Robert Howarth, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others
as I, the said Robert Howarth, my executors, administrators, and assigns,
should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at
all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully
might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR RAISING PILE ON WOOLLEN, COTTON,
AND OTHER FABRICS," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said
Robert Howarth, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing
under my, or their, or one of their bands and seals, should particularly
describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner
the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great
Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the
date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Robert Howarth, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be

page_text: performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement thereof, that is to say:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in machinery for raising pile
on woollen, cotton, and other fabrics. For these purposes in constructing a
machine for raising pile on fabrics the raising surfaces, whether wire cards or
otherwise, are on boards, and are carried by endless chains or bands.. There
are two sets of such raising surfaces, and they are moved in opposite direc-
tions, and raise the pile in a direction from the centre outwards towards the
selvages. The chains or bands of each set of raising surfaces are carried by
means of two axes with suitable wheels or pulleys for receiving and moving
the endless chains, on which the raising surfaces are mounted. The fabric to
be raised is moved through the machine at an angle to the direction of the
motion of the endless chains, and by preference at a right angle thereto; and
in order to press the fabric at points intermediate of the succeeding raising
surfaces rods are used, which are also carried by endless chains in such manner
that the fabric will be pressed on intermediate of the neigbouring or succeed-
ing raising surfaces and the axes of the pulleys or wheels which carry the
endless chains of the raising surfaces, and the axes which carry the endless
chains of the pressing rods are geared together so that there will at all times
be a pressing rod intermediate of two neighboring raising surfaces, which are
in a position to act on the fabric.
!
Having thus stated the nature of my Invention, I will proceed more fully to
describe the manner of performing the same.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS..
Figure 1 shews a front elevation; Figure 2 a side elevation; Figure 3
shews parts of another side elevation, on a larger scale than the preceding
Figures; and Figure 4 shews parts of a front elevation, partly in section on
the same scale as Figure 3, the section being taken at the line A, B, in
Figure 8. In these Figures the same letters are used to indicate the same
parts. C, C, are two endless chains, carrying boards D, D, clothed with wire
cards, or it may be with other suitable materials for raising the surfaces of
cloths. The two endless chains C, C, are carried by chain wheels C', which
are driven in such manner as to cause the two sets of chains C to move in
opposite directions, as is indicated by the arrows in Figure 4, by which the
raising will be in a direction outwards, and in fact the motion of the chains C
will be at right angles to the motion of the cloth. through the machine; but-
machines may be made, according to my Invention, wherein the chains C, C,
may be caused to move at other angles than a right angle to the direction in

page_text: which the cloth is moved through the machine. E, E, is the cloth, which is
caused to move through the machine in the direction indicated by the arrows
in Figure 2, by means of the roller F, which is coated with suitable teeth.
The cloth is supported by the rollers G, G, as it passes into and from the
machine, and suitable tension is placed on the cloth by the bars H, I, and
roller I. In order that the cloth may be pressed on to the boards carrying
the wire cards, or raising surfaces to a greater or less extent, as the case may
require, pressing rods J, J, are used, which are carried by two sets of endless
chains K, K, which like the two sets of endless chains which carry the raising
surfaces are caused to move in opposite directions from the middle of the
cloth outwards, and the bars J are arranged to press on the boards carrying
the raising surfaces. The endless chains K, K, are carried by a frame L, the
the two sides of which are formed with grooves or guides at their outer edges,
in which the ends of the rods J move. The endless chains K are actuated by
the chain wheels M, N. The axes of the wheels N are supported in suitable
bearings carried by the frame L, and they, with their wheels, are moved with
the frame L, when it is desired to vary the extent of the pressure of the rods J.
The axes of the wheels M do not rise and fall with the frame L, but they turn
in bearings O carried by the brackets P, the position of which can be adjusted
by screws, as shewn in the Drawings. The frame L, (the parts or sides of
which are connected by cross bars L'), is suspended from the cranked axle or
shaft Q, which turns in bearings on the upper ends of the pillars R, and such
axle or shaft Q is turned by a handle S, by which a workman can regulate the
degree of pressure from time to time. The machine receives motion from a
steam engine or other power by a driving strap acting on the pulley or drum T
on the shaft V, and motion is communicated from that shaft to the chain
wheels by gearing, as is shewn in the Drawings. The boards carrying the
raising surfaces are attached at one of their edges to the chains, there being
projections or fingers at their ends, which enter into and are guided by grooves
formed near the edges of the fixed plates or framings, between which the
chains work, as will readily be understood by reference to the Drawings.
Figure 5 shews a front elevation; and Figure 6 a plan, of so much of a
machine as will enable a incchinist to make a machine, in which the raising
is to be in a diagonal direction across the cloth, in which arrangement the
raising surfaces are arranged parallel with the edges and line of motion of the
cloth through the machine, and these two sets of raising surfaces, as before,
are moved in opposite directions from the middle of the cloth outwards.
Figures 7 and 8 shew separate views of the manner in which the boards
carrying the raising surfaces are connected to the chains. In Figures 5 and 6,

page_text: the raising parts of the machinery are alone shewn, and it should be under-
stood that the endless chains, which carry the pressing bars J, J, in place of
being arranged, as above described, are, when raising diagonally, to be modified
and arranged to work diagonally with the chains and chain wheels which carry
the raising surfaces. By these means machines may be arranged, according
to my Invention, by which cloths may be raised in directions from the middle
of the cloths outwards, either at right angles or at any other desired angle to
the edges of the cloths, and the cloths having been raised by machines, con-
structed according to my Invention, may be finished and the pile or nap laid
longitudinally as heretofore by machines, such as are usually employed.
Having thus described the nature of my Invention, and the manner of per-
forming the same, I would have it understood that I make no claim to any of
the mechanical parts separately; but what I claim is the combination thereof,
as herein described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Robert Howarth, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Twenty-ninth day of July, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-one.
ROBERT HOWARTH. (LS.)