Improvements relating to Pneumatic Tyres for Wheels and Arrangements in connection with such Wheels
Year: 1899

page_text: Date of Application, 11th Dec.,
1899
Complete Specification Left, 11th Oct., 1900-Accepted, 11th Mar., 1901
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements relating to Pneumatic Tyres for Wheels and
Arrangements in connection with such Wheels
JOHN ADAIR. Baker. Waterford Co Waterford Ireland. do hereby declare
he nature of this invention to be as follows:-
This invention relates to means for the securing of one edge of a pneumatic
tyre to the opposite edge-so that the inflation pressure shall not separate them,
and thereby holding on the tyre to the rim. And also means for improving elastic
coils and brake drums--
To accomplish this-pockets are in one edge of the tyre, and arms in the other
edge-which arms entering into the pockets and grasping there-connects the
edges to each other.
The pockets may be formed by folding the canvas edge of the tyre and stitching
the fold so as to form the pockets.
The arms may be formed by a steel band encircling the edge of tyre---or by
segments of such band or by serpentine wire or such like.
Further, I may employ serpentine shaped bendings of wire to form thereby
an edge for a tyre, which will hook or grasp on a beaded edge formed on the
opposite side of tyre--and thereby connect the edges of tyre. Such beaded edge
may be in the form of a band-encircling the tyre, and holding it into its position
in the bed of rim-and such beaded edge might have pockets constructed in it-
to receive the arms or hooks of opposite side of tyre,-Also in tyres where springs
are used after the manner described in my Specification No. 18458. 98-I form
such springs of steel plate and attach to the extremities of each spring-arms
These arms are connected to a tube-by means of slots in such tube through which
the arms pass-Inside this tube the extremities of the coil wire enter and are
attached to the arms-in such a manner that the arching of the spring by the
pull of the wire enlarges the coil.
The tube into which the arms pass is formed to the curve of the rim--and thus
the spring is kept in the position required.
There may be two springs attached to such tube-in which case the wires of
the coil encircling tyre-need not overlap-but each extremity of the wire may
be attached to the arm of spring--and the other arm of spring may be attached
to the tube by hooking or other arrangement.
These arms attached to spring may pass through the tube-and be there seated
in such a manner that when spring arches they partly project outwards from the
tube and thus the pressure of the air tube acting on these arms-holding them
inwards in the tube assists in preventing the coil expanding-
Slots are in the tube which give the arms freedom to travel and arch the
spring also such slots control the arching of the spring.
:
I do not confine myself to the exact details herein stated-but may vary them
to suit the purposes required.
Instead of the D. tube-an oval or flat tube may be used or any other formation.
Further, instead of the tube strips of steel may be used-such being bent and
shaped to the curve of the rim of wheel-and sufficiently narrow to lie under the
level of the outside edge of rim-when seated-
The ends of such strips are bent so as to form grips for one end of each spring
to hold the springs into. their required position in the plate--the wires of the

page_text: coil being connected to the other end of each spring-arches them when required
to enlarge the circle of coil.
Of course it is obvious in this case that two springs are seated in the one strip-
also that the coil wires do not overlap.
The coil wires may be connected to the spring by means of blocks-through
which the coil wires pass by apertures in same-the springs being held in position
in such blocks by pins and the blocks held in position by running on a wire
which extends along the strip and is secured to the strip-claws may be turned
on the strip, such claws being part of itself to grasp the wire of the coils and
control the travel of the blocks to which they are connected-and hence the
arching of the spring which is also connected to the blocks
In the case of a single spring-the wires overlapping are connected to the
extremities of the spring by blocks--through which the wires pass.-Also a plate
may lie under the spring-through which the coiled wires may pass the edges of
such plate being turned so as to form double tubes for the double wires of the
coil to pass through.
Further, in order to take the strain caused by the brake power acting on drum
of wheel and dragging the spokes off such spokes-I allow such drum to be
free to revolve on its centre bearing-and attach the drum to rim of wheel by
chains, rods or arms--inserting in such connections springs so as to give an
elasticity to the drag of the brake power on the rim of wheel-also I strengthen
the rim at the part where the pull is delivered.
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Improvements relating to Pneumatic Tyres for Wheels and
Arrangements in connection with such Wheels
JOHN ADAIR. Baker. Waterford Co Waterford. Ireland. do hereby declare
the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed,
to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
The object of this invention is to facilitate the fitting of pneumatic tyres to
and the removal of the same from wheel rims.
To illustrate the important features of this invention I refer to my Patent
No. 18458.-98, in which a spring device is described as a means by which an
elastic coil is constructed for the purposes specified.
This invention is an improvement in such spring device altering the con-
struction of same from wire bent after the form therein described to flat steel
springs resting between blocks through which the coil wires encircling the edges
of the tyre pass-which I term the block plan-or in a frame work-the coil
wires passing into same-which I term the frame plan.
The advantages of this arrangement are:-the springs are kept in a true
position to correctly operate for the purposes required.
A further important feature in this invention is that the springs being made
of the flat steel plate instead of wire present a greater surface to receive the
inflation pressure of the air tube and are thereby prevented arching-while in
the patent already referred to, the wire not having such surface requires the
assistance of other means therein stated, and which in this invention are to a large
extent dispensed with.
.
Further, by the adopting of what I term "the frame plan", double-springs can
be in the one frame and thus the elasticity of the coil-is increased-and further,
the coil wires encircling the edges of the tyre being connected to the springs in
such a manner as to not overlap thereby to some extent diminish friction and
thus allow the springs to move evenly and to readily act.

page_text: ()
further important feature in this invention is the
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arching of the springs-viz:-by the stop-action which is illustrated in the
me plan and also in the "block plan "-this is a great improvement on
method described and illustrated in prior Patent No. 18458-98, viz:-the
ching of the canvas pocket edge of tyre in the formation of an encasement to
trol the arching of the spring.
further improvement is--the method by which the coil is constructed viz:-
passing the ends of the wire through blocks and enlarging the wire heads so
t they cannot escape therefrom or if preferred nuts might receive the ends
the wire, such nuts being formed to allow the ends of the wire to be rivetted
o same.
For the purpose of preventing the air tube from coming in contact with such
ring a canvas flap may cover same-thus my improvements give an enlarged
ope to the using of arching springs in pneumatic tyres as a means of making
elastic coil.
In order that my invention may be clearly understood and readily carried
to effect I will proceed to describe the same more fully with reference to the
ccompanying drawings in which:
"the frame plan",
Figures 1, 2, and 3, are the "block plan". Figures 1, and 2, being side view
and 5, being side views-and
nd Figure 3, a top view.
Figures 4, 5, and 6, are
a top view.
Figures 7, 8 and 9, represent "the block plan" in pocket edge of cover and
bead in such pocket for the purpose hereinafter described.
Figure 10 shows "the block plan" with spring outside pocket edge of tyre.
Referring to Figures 1, 2, and 3,--S is the spring-B are the blocks-W the
wires which pass through same-G are the grasps or catches which hook into
seats in the spring.
Figure 1 shows the position of the spring when the tyre is in place on the
rim of the wheel.
Figure 2 represents the spring arched for detachment of the tyre
Figure 3 is a plan of Figure 1. This view more clearly shows the wires W
of the coil passing through the blocks B and their terminations held in the
These grasps may be
blocks by the rivetted ends R. This view also clearly shows the grasps or catches G
by means of holes in same.
entering into the spring
formed on the blocks B by a wire as shown brazed on same---or may be constructed
in any other convenient manner.
It will be particularly noted that the springs butt against the blocks B and
consequently the grasps are only to hold the spring into its required position.
Further, referring to Figure 1--it will be noticed, the encasing tube T on the
coil wires W controls the action of the spring-these tubes are connected
together and form a frame work for the wires to run in being filed flat on the top
to give a convenient seat for spring to rest on.--Of course it is obvious that they
need not necessarily be tubes, but can be formed out of one piece rolled into the
15 desired shape.
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The spaces P indicate the freedom for spring to arch as in Figure 2 in which i
will be noticed that the spaces disappear.
Figure 7-represents the spring encased in the pocket edge of tyre--the portion
exhibited by the brake in such edge represents a bead D resting on spring.
Figure 8 further illustrates this bead-being a part cross-section of tyre whe
inflated--the pressure of the air tube on the bead forcing it on the spring an
thereby preventing the spring arching. It will be understood that this bea
is attached to the pocket edge of tyre as represented in Figure 9--the spring
this case being arched--the air tube being deflated. It will be noted in Figure
55 the manner in which the pocket edge is stitched to allow for the arching of t
spring-but further the blocks are stitched into a position in the pockets, so th
they may be held in their required places.

page_text: Figure 10 illustrates the spring outside the pocket edge of tyre, the grasps G
and the end of the blocks B projecting through the pocket edges of cover in order
to receive the spring. It will be noticed that the spring in this case is altered in
its position, so that it works with its edge downwards towards rim.
Figures 4 represents the frame-the projections E being formed on ends of plate
and the stops U being also formed on same, a guiding wire G W extending
the length of the frame and fastened securely in the projections E and held in
its position by one of the stops U.
.
The purpose of this wire is to guide the blocks B. which run on same.
B B show blocks detached from the wires and S S springs with teeth Z at
their termination which will be further referred to.
Figure 5 represents the frame with the coil wires W secured to the blocks B
by their terminations being riveteed at R. It will be noticed these blocks slide
on the guide wire G W, channels being in them for the purpose of allowing
this wire to pass through-and also for the coil wires W to enter. For the purpose
of clearer illustration-the springs S are shown broken.
It will be noticed that the stops U at the bottom of the frame are seated in
apertures in the blocks B thereby controlling the movement of the blocks and
consequently the action of the springs which are connected to same.
Further, the teeth Z on the springs enter into seats for same in the blocks B
and in the projections E on frame and by such means are held into their position.
Figure 6 illustrates a view of frame with the springs arched. It will be noted
that the stops U here have controlled the movement of the springs and that the
pressure of the springs is on the projections E of the frame and the ends of the
blocks B--the blocks are shown detached above this view-the coil wires passing
through the legs of same.
It will be readily observed that when the springs as represented by Figure 5
are in the pocket edge of tyre, the pressure of air tube operating upon the springs
will be amply sufficient to prevent their arching, inasmuch as in this case the
springs are straight.
It will be noticed that the coil is formed perfectly as the termination of the
wires are secured into the blocks.
The advantages of these methods are not only the improvement of the elastic
coil but also allowing a rim with a flat base to be used as represented in Figure 8.
It is obvious that the device as shown in Figure 5 can be placed in the pocket
edge of cover with the springs facing towards the edge of rim-in which case
the air tube forcing the springs against the edge of rim, elastically hold it there.
The cover is stitched so as to prevent the frame from shifting in the pocket
edge and a freedom is given for the springs to arch by stitching the pocket as
represented in Figure 7.
Though in my Patent No. 18458-98, I claim an arching spring inside the pocket
edge of a pneumatic tyre-it is obvious by the improvements hereindescribed
that I can use an arching spring outside the pocket edge of the tyre in the follow-
ing manner-In reference to the block plan" the blocks being seated inside pocket
edge of tyre have projections which pass through cover to the outside of pocket
edge and there receive the spring or in reference to "the frame plan" the ends
of the frame are so constructed as to readily pass through the canvas-also the
sliding blocks may pass and by these projections the springs are there attached
thus being outside the pocket edge of tyre; hence I claim my improve-
ments in connection with arching springs irrespective of the position in which
such springs may be placed.
to same,
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is: -
1. The insertion of flat steel springs in an elastic coil-operating. inside the pocket

page_text: edge of a pneumatic tyre or cover-after the manner described and for the purpose
specified.
2. The sliding blocks and projections, by which arching springs are held in
position and operated-also the grasps and teeth which secure such springs to the
blocks and projections-after the manner described and for the purposes specified.
3. The tubes, casings and stops which limit the arching of springs-atter the
manner described and for the purposes specified.
4. The bead Das a means of pressing on the flat of such arching springs,
after the manner described and for the purposes specified.
5. The frame plan--and guiding wire on same also the block plan, and the
nuts with space formed in them for the ends of wire to be rivetted into-after
the manner described and for the purposes specified.
6. My improvements in elastic coils and--their. connectious-for the purposes
specified--substantially as described and with reference to the accompanying
drawings.
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