IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY AND APPLIANCES FOR THE PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATIONACTURE
Year: 1873

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Druitt Halpin, of Number 19, Oxford Villas,
Hammersmith, London, and James Bingham Alliott, of the Blooms-
grove Works, Radford, in the County of Nottingham, for the
Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY AND APPLIANCES FOR THE
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Druitt Halpin and
James Bingham Alliott at the Office of the Commissioners of
Patents, with their Petition, on the 9th June 1873.
We, DRUITT HALPIN, of Number 19, Oxford Villas, Hammersmith,
London, and JAMES BINGHAM ALLIOTT, of the Bloomsgrove Works,
Radford, in the County of Nottingham, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY AND APPLIANCES
FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF SUGAR FROM CANE," to be as follows:-

page_text: expressed from cane, and they affect the following details in the manner
now to be described:-
I. The Cane Mill.-Adopting the general design of mill with three
horizontal rollers as usually constructed, our improvements are,—
(a). The application of two or three worm wheels on the axes of the
rollers, or on shafts coupled therewith, and driving the mill by worms
keyed on the engine shaft or other shaft driven by power, retaining
or omitting the ordinary connecting pinions as preferred.
(6). Methods of ensuring that the mill rollers shall be kept parallel
with one another, while varying their distances apart, either by moving
the lower rollers horizontally or the upper one vertically, such move-
ment being produced by double longitudinal wedges connected together
and resting against the roller bearings at each end, so that by the
motion of a single handle both wedges are drawn up equally, giving a
parallel movement to the rollers, or else by screws as usual, but con-
nected by cross shafts and bevil wheels, or by other means.
II. Clarifier. Our improved clarifier is constructed so that the sides
and bottom are made of plates, as nearly as possible of equal sizes and
shapes, bolted together and holding a copper or other thin metal plate at
a little distance between the sides and the real bottom, so as to form a
false bottom. This space becomes a steam jacket, and the upper part is
used as a clarifier.
III. Battery. Instead of constructing batteries with the pans circular
we make them of a U shape by preference of wrought iron, and all of
different lengths and sizes to pack one in another. These pans are set in
a battery so that flame can play underneath each in succession across its
length, and they are supported by iron girders fixed longitudinally with
reference to the pans, but transverse with reference to the whole battery.
Between each pair of pans there is placed a bridge to deflect the flame,
and this general description may be altered in several minor particulars
without affecting the peculiarities of our Invention.
IV. Wetsal. This machine generally consists of two rotating hollow
discs carrying brass or copper tubes through which steam passes, and
they form the only connection between both ends, and are subject to
injurious twisting strains as the apparatus turns.

page_text: Our improvements consist in making the axis continuous to remove
the above named strains from the tubes and casting with it, or else
fixing upon it hollow ends to receive the tubes in the usual manner.
Steam is prevented from passing through the axis if desired, and it may
be provided with an expansion joint where necessary.
V. Coolers. Our improvements in this appliance consists of the
addition of a regulated amount of heat when required to diminish the
rate of cooling and affect the process of crystallization. This heat may
be given by suitable flues with dampers underneath the cooler conveying
waste heat from the battery, or by steam or other convenient arrange-
ment.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Druitt Halpin and James Bingham Alliott in the
Great Seal Patent Office on the 8th December 1873.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, DRUITT
HALPIN, of Number 19, Oxford Villas, Hammersmith, London, and
JAMES BINGHAM ALLIOTT, of the Bloomsgrove Works, Radford, in the
County of Nottingham, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Ninth day of June, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-three, in the
thirty-sixth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and suc-
cessors, give and grant unto us, the said Druitt Halpin and James
Bingham Alliott, Her special licence that we, the said Druitt Halpin
and James Bingham Alliott, our executors, administrators, and assigns,
or such others as we, the said Druitt Halpin and James Bingham
Alliott, our executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time
agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make,
use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
" IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY AND APPLIANCES FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF
SUGAR FROM CANE," upon the condition (amongst others) that we, the
said Druitt Halpin and James Bingham Alliott, our executors or
administrators, by an instrument in writing under our, or their, or

page_text: one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to
be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent
Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date
of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said Druitt Halpin and James Bingham
Alliott, do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention, and in
what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described
and ascertained in and by the following statement, reference being also
had to the accompanying Drawings, that is to say :—
Wetsel Pan, Sheets I. and II., Figures 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6.—The form
of wetsel pan hitherto generally used is similar to the Drawing on
Sheet I., with the exception of our improvements thereon. The discs
at each end have been connected together only by pipes, through which
steam passes from one disc to the other, and the whole reel rotates, being
usually driven from one end only. This produces an objectionable
twisting strain and also a bending strain on the pipes through their
weight and the weight of the end discs being otherwise unsupported;
the removal of these strains is the object of our improvements, and
the plan we adopt is shewn applied to two somewhat different
descriptions of Wetsel pan. One of these is shewn on Sheet I., where
Figure 1 is a sectional elevation and Figure 2 a plan. The axis A, B,
is made continuous in one or more pieces of cast iron or other metal,
covered with copper when required, and it receives the bending strain
due to the weight of the body of the reel and the torsional strain duo
to its resistance to rotation, both of which if the axis were not
continuous would otherwise pass through the pipes. These by our
present improvements we now use only for their legitimate purpose of
evaporating the syrup. The axis A, B, is shewn in the present case
driven by a worm and wheel, and its ends rotate in stuffing boxes
contained in hollow vertical pillars, through which steam enters on one
side and passes away along with any condensed water on the other.
The hollow axis A, B, has a stop piece C to prevent steam from passing
through it instead of through numerous copper pipes D, D, D, D, &c.,
which may either be spiral, as shewn, or else straight. In either case
they are fixed into hollow copper discs E, E, carried on the main
axis A, B, and all other parts are constructed generally, as heretofore.
:

page_text: Another arrangement of Wetsel pan with our improvements is shewn
on Sheet II., Figures 3, 4, 5, and 6; Figure 3 is a sectional elevation ;
Figure 4, a plan; Figure 5, a cross section; and Figure 6, an end
elevation from the end which has the steam box F. This machine is
altogether self-contained, the separate end pillars being replaced by a
steam box F cast upon the side frame on one end, and a gland and
stuffing box G for the discharge pipe at the other end of the continuous
axis A, B.
Instead of sheet copper discs to carry the heating pipes D, D,
D, D, &c. (as shewn in Sheet I.), they are by preference fixed into
hollow discs of brass or other metal H, H, cast in one piece, screwed
on the hollow axis A, B, and held in place by lock nuts. The pipes
aro shewn spiral, and fixed into their places by an expander introduced
through holes opposite each end closed by screwed plugs II., &c., thus
rendering access easy. Steam enters the central continuous axis and
being prevented by the stop C from passing through it travels along
the pipes which dip into syrup contained in a shallow pan K under-
neath. The pipes rotate and become covered with the liquid, so that
by this means evaporation proceeds rapidly from their surfaces, and
the syrup becomes concentrated.
The general construction of Wetsel pans may be varied from the above
description and accompanying Drawings in many minor details without
altering the arrangement of a central continuous axis.
Battery, Sheet III., Figures 7 to 12.-Batteries for the concentration
of syrup are usually made in a series of cast-iron sugar pans diminishing
in size, and of a form either hemispherical or segment of a sphere in its
general outline, and to this arrangement there are several objections.
Our improvements intended to obviate these objections are illustrated
by the Drawings on Sheet III., Figures 7 to 12. The pans are made
semi-cylindrical, as shewn in the Drawings, or of a segmental or other
convenient form, and in a diminishing series so that each drops into and
can be packed into the next larger. Each series generally consists of
five pans A, B, C, D, and E, the smallest A being nearest to the
furnace F, and flame passes underneath and partly around all the pans
in succession over a series of bridges G, G, G, G, G, G, evaporating the
cane juice which is first put into the largest pan E, and transferred to
the others as it thickens,

page_text: One arrangement of our improved sugar mill is shewn on Sheet 4, by
Figures 13 to 16, and it will be readily understood from the following
description :—
Figure 13 is an end elevation; and Figure 14 a side elevation, partly
in section.
Figure 15 is a plan of the mill; and Figure 16 a plan of the engines
and mill bed.
The cheeks and rolls are generally of the usual description, and we
shall describe only those parts wherein our improvements are made. On
the ends of the side roll shafts B and C are keyed worm wheels D, D¹,
which in this arrangement have an outside diameter less than the
minimum distance between the centres of the rolls B and C, and these
worm wheels are driven by worms E, E², keyed upon a horizontal
shaft most conveniently arranged below them, there being sufficient
space between the worms to place a thrust block P between them,
and if desired other thrust blocks may be placed outside. With this
arrangement we prefer to make the two worms and collars for the thrust
block (or blocks) in one piece, as shewn on Figure 16, so as to relieve
the shaft from pressure in the direction of its length. The shaft F, G, is
carried by bearings outside the worms, and there are cranks H, H', keyed
on each end, to which are attached the connecting rods of a pair of
direct acting engines, and their bed plate may be cast in one piece with
that of the mill.
With this mill is shewn our improved strainer, which consists of
rollers K, K¹, driven by a belt or other means from the mill rolls, and
over them is stretched a wire gauze belt L, M, passing over the juice
tank N. As the juice passes from the mill it flows on to this belt, which
acts as a sieve, and any particles of trash which accompany it are
retained on the belt, and carried forward until they are removed by a
revolving brush O made of wire or any other suitable material. The
juice meanwhile passes through the perforated gauze into the tank. In
this mill the top roll A is not driven by gearing, but all three rolls may
be connected together by spur wheels, if desired.
Another arrangement of our improved mill is shewn on Sheet 5,
Figures 17, 18, 19, and 20. In this case the motive power is applied in
substantially the same manner as in the one before described; but by
adopting skew-worm gearing larger worm wheels may be used to drive

page_text: the mill, since the one wheel may overlap the other. Similar letters
generally correspond to similar parts, and the special peculiarities of the
arrangement now under notice need only to be described.
Figure 17 is an end elevation, shewing the two worm wheels D, D¹,
and the worms E, E¹; and Figure 18 a side elevation of the mill 5
complete; Figure 19 is a plan of the mill; and Figure 20, a plan of the
engines, worms, and bed plate. The worm wheels D, D', are placed one
in advance of the other, and the engines are horizontal, but may be of
other design, if required. There is a thrust block P, which may be used
alone for bearing all end thrust due to the action of the worms, or a 1
portion or all of the thrust may be borne by a conical plate Q, keyed on
the end of the shaft, or forming part of the worm casting, and bearing
against antifriction rollers.
Although double cylinder engines have been described as the motive
power for driving our improved arrangements of gearing, yet any other 1
suitable form of engine or other motive power may be applied.
The second part of our improvements in sugar mills relates to methods
for placing the rolls nearer to or further from each other by moving the
lower rolls horizontally, or else the upper one vertically. The former
system only is shewn in the Drawings, and similar methods with trifling 2
modifications are applicable to the upper roll.
These improvements in methods for adjusting the side rolls are repre-
sented partly on Sheets 4 and 5 and on Sheets 6 and 7. In Figures 18
and 19, Sheet 5, worm wheels R, R³, are shewn attached to the side cap
nuts (or bolts), and worms on a shaft S carried across the machino turn
all four nuts or bolts simultaneously. This worm shaft is carried on
brackets on the side caps, and is provided with a hand wheel for turning
the shaft S. Thus the side rolls will be set up or released as the cap is
screwed against the making-up piece or withdrawn.
Figure 21, Sheet 6, is a horizontal section, and Figure 22 a side
elevation of one of the lower rolls to which another description of our
setting-up apparatus is applied, the other side roll being similarly pro-
vided. A shaft A is carried across the mill parallel to the rolls and
supported by bearings cast in the side caps L and M. At one end of
this shaft A there is a hand wheel B for turning it. There are also two
spur wheels C, C¹, keyed on it in the positions shewn, and gearing into
3

page_text: other wheels D, D¹; these latter wheels are keyed on small shafts E, E¹,
which are carried by suitable brackets F, F, F, F, bolted to the framing.
A screw thread is cut upon each of the shafts E, E¹, to fit and work into
nuts G, G¹, which are let into wedges H, H¹. These wedges bear on
one side against the side caps K and L, and on the other side against
the pedestal blocks M, N. By turning the hand wheel B a simultaneous
motion is given to the screws E, E¹, whereby they force the wedges H, H¹,
backwards or forwards, and so affect the side rolls in a similar manner,
but in a direction at right angles to the movements of H, H¹.
Another arrangement for setting-up the side rolls is shewn on Sheet 7,
by the Figures 27, 28, and 29. Here the side roll is adjusted in the
usual manner, by setting-up screws C and D pressing against each of
its bearings. Worm wheels E, E¹, are fixed on these screws and driven
simultaneously by worms F, F¹, as shewn, or else by a bevil wheel on
the end of each screw driven by other bevil wheels on a cross shaft.
In this latter arrangement the screws must slide upon a feather in the
bevil wheels upon them, so that these wheels may always remain in gear
with those on the aforesaid cross shaft.
Figures 23 and 24, Sheet 6, shew applied to the trash turner T an
arrangement generally similar to that described in connection with the
rolls, Figures 21 and 22. But in this construction the shaft A (which
corresponds to the short shafts E, E¹, in Figure 21) is made in one
piece with a hand wheel B on its projecting end and spur wheels are not
required. The shaft A, Figure 23, has screw threads cut upon it in the
two positions required, and it works in nuts G, G³, let into the wedges
H, H, and these again rest upon taper distance pieces K, K³. By
turning the hand wheel B in one direction or the other the trash plate
is caused to rise or fall.
In Figures 25 and 26, the trash turner T is pressed upon the circum-
ference of the side rolls by springs S, S, interposed between the ends of
it and the mill checks, so that when the side rolls are withdrawn the
springs expanding will cause the trash turner to fall, and when the side
rolls are brought nearer together the trash plate is forced up automat-
ically.
Having thus described the nature of our Invention, and the manner
in which the same may be carried into effect, we would have it under-
stood that we do not restrict ourselves to the precise details given

page_text: which may be varied without affecting the essentials of our improve-
ments, but we claim,-
I. The use of a continuous axis made in one or more pieces for Wetsel
pans to receive the torsional and bending strains which would otherwise
be carried by the pipes.
II. The construction of sugar pans for a battery in the form of a half
or other segment of a cylinder, and in a diminishing series chiefly for
convenience of packing together.
III. The application of worm wheels and worms for driving sugar
mills arranged, substantially in the manner described.
IV. The various arrangements described for adjusting the distances
of the rollers apart.
In witness whereof, I, the said Druitt Halpin, on behalf of the
said James Bingham Alliott and self, have hereunto set my hand and
seal, this Fifth day of December, in the year of our Lord One thousand
eight hundred and seventy-three..
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