Improvements in Lighting Apparatus Burning Mineral Oil to be used in the Open Air.
Year: 1892

page_text: Date of Application, 23rd Dec., 1892
Complete Specification Left, 4th Sept., 1893-Accepted, 7th Oct., 1893
PROVISIONAL STECIFICATION.
Improvements in Lighting Apparatus Burning Mineral Oil to be
used in the Open Air.
I LOUIS SEPULCHRE of Herstal near Liège in the Kingdom of Belgium,
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
This invention relates to improvements in lighting apparatus burning mineral oil
used in the open air and provided with a chamber feeding air to the burner and
placed above it.
In lighting apparatuses burning mineral oil and with burner provided with a
chimney, utilised in the open air, which take the air required to feed them, by a
channel or by tubes into a chamber arranged above the burner, use has not hitherto
been made of a movable chimney, entering into or rising within this chamber or
removable therefrom at will. Hitherto, lighting apparatuses constructed in these
conditions were intended exclusively for the lighting of railway carriages. The
lower part of these lanterns enters the carriage while their upper part projects
above the roof of the vehicle. It is by this upper part and by the lateral sides of
the lantern that air penetrates into the feed chamber. Under these conditions it is
impossible to make use of movable chimneys, that is to say capable of being raised,
lowered, removed from the burner and replaced thereupon without taking part of
the lamp to pieces. This is why all the lanterns of this system are provided with
fixed metallic chimneys suspended at a distance above the burner.
With the object of adapting for domestic use these lanterns which draw the air
necessary to feed them through a channel or by tubes in a chamber arranged above
the burner I provide them with an ordinary chimney of glass and movable, that is
to say capable of being handled according to requirement without displacing any
other part of the lamp.
Further, in this special kind of apparatuses the products of combustion have not
been sufficiently utilised for heating by contact with the chimney the air feeding
the burner: the result being that lamps of this kind give but slight lighting power
and cannot serve for intense lighting.
The present invention has the double object of applying, to the burners of this
kind of lanterns, movable glass chimneys which may be handled at will, of the
shape and nature which they have for the burners of ordinary lamps, without
displacing any other piece of the lamp and, at the same time, to feed them with
warm air; consequently to render this kind of lanterns applicable to all uses and
susceptible of great lighting power.
On the accompanying drawing a lantern is represented provided with a chamber C
arranged above the burner and in which takes place at the same time, but at
different levels, the taking of air for the feeding of the burner and the discharge
of the products of combustion by the movable chimney V of the burner.
At Figure 1 of the drawing the air feeding the burner enters the chamber C by
the single orifice O made in the bottom P, and which serves at the same time as
passage for the glass V fixed at the bottom in the gallery of the burner and the
upper end of which extends as far as the upper part of the chamber C. Air
penetrates into the chamber C through the free space of the orifice O around the
glass. This space permits both the easy introduction and removal of the glass as
well as the handling of it; on the other hand, the air, passing through this annular
space, comes in contact with the sides of the glass V and becomes greatly heated
thereby. By the interposition, within the chamber C of a perforated or open work
partition D the feed air is longer retained in contact with the sides of the glass.

page_text: From the chamber C the warm air is, by the draught of the chimney V, drawn
into the tubes T and directed towards the burner G.
Another arrangement, more commodious for the handling of the glass and more
efficacious for the previous heating of the air is represented Figures 2 to 4. It
has especially for object to keep the glass fixed under the shocks and jolts which
the lantern may receive, thereby preventing displacement and breakage of the
glass and, when it is raised for attending to the requirements of the lamp, to keep
it suspended above the burner. Here, the edges of the hole O made in the bottom P
of the chamber C are cut out into tongue-springs 1, Figures 2 to 4 curved upward,
into which the glass V of the burner passes with friction and remains suspended
when raised as at Figure 2.
When the lamp is lit, the tongue-springs / heat by contact with the glass V.
The air for feeding the burner heats both by contact with the glass and in its
passage through the tongue-springs of the bottom P and arrives powerfully heated
in the chamber C and to the burner G.
These arrangements therefore permit the ready use and easy handling of ordinary
glass chimneys of all kinds in lanterns having an air feeding chamber arranged
above the burner, and providing the burner for combustion with previously heated
air. Further the tongue-springs by keeping the glass raised, permit the use of
both hands for the necessary requirements of the lamp. The tongue-springs may
also be applied to a reflector P' suspended above a lamp. Here the tongue-springs
serve solely to hold the glass suspended when raised to give the requisite attention
to the burner (Figure 5).
Dated this Twenty-third day of December 1892.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Lighting Apparatus Burning Mineral Oil to be
used in the Open Air.
I, LOUIS SEPULCHRE, of Herstal near Liège, in the Kingdom of Belgium
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement :-
My invention relates to "Improvements in lighting apparatus burning mineral
oil to be used in the open air," and has for objects:-1. To provide with a movable
glass chimney mineral oil lamps which are fed with air from a storage chamber
arranged above the burner for the purpose of adapting such lamps to domestic
use; and 2. To increase the efficient lighting power of mineral oil lamps for out-
door use by an arrangement for heating the air supplied to the burner before
combustion.
In order that my invention may be clearly understood I will proceed to describe
the arrangement with reference to the sheet of drawings filed with my Provisional
Specification, on which,
Figure 1 represents a vertical section through an improved lantern or lighting
apparatus arranged according to my invention.
Figure 2 is also a vertical section shewing the chimney raised and suspended.
Figures 3 and 4 represent in plan and elevation respectively the tongue springs
cut out in the edge of the orifice provided in the underside of the air storage
chamber. And
Figure 5 illustrates the application of the chimney holding device to a reflector
suspended above a lamp.
In carrying out my invention I make use of a removable glass chimney V fitting
at its lower end into a gallery glassholder fixed around the burner G on Figure 1.

page_text: The upper part of the chimney extends into the air chamber C through an
orifice O made in the bottom P of the chamber, sufficient space for the admission
of air into the chamber C through the orifice being left around the chimney V.
Air entering through this annular space comes in contact with the sides of the
glass and thereby becomes heated. In order to prolong the contact of the feed air
with the glass chimney I interpose within the chamber C a perforated metallic
partition D around the chimney. From the chamber the warm air is drawn by the
draught of the chimney down the tubes T T by which it is passed through the
burner G for combustion.
In Figures 2, 3 and 4 is shewn a supplementary arrangement designed for the
more convenient handling of the chimney when the latter has to be raised in
attending to the burner, and for the more effectual heating of the air supplied for
combustion. This arrangement likewise fulfils the object of securing the glass
from displacement or breakage through concussion and vibration to which the lamp
may be liable in use. To attain these objects I adopt a peculiar formation of the
orifice O provided for the passage of the chimney through the underside P of
the air chamber C. As shewn in Figures 2 and 3 the edges of the orifice O are
cut out into tongue-shaped springs / bent or curved upwards so as to come in
frictional contact with the glass which when raised is held suspended above the
burner G by the pressure of the tongue springs. The latter serve also to prevent
the displacement of the chimney V when placed in its normal position in the
gallery glass-holder by jolting or vibration.
When the lamp is lighted the tongue springs become heated by contact with
the glass and the air for feeding the burner is heated both by contact with the
glass V and by passing through the tongue springs l, so that it acquires a high
degree of heat on entering the chamber C prior to its conveyance through the
tubes T T to the burner G for combustion.
Figure 5 shows the application of the tongue springs to a reflector P₁ suspended
above a lamp. In this case the tongue springs serve solely to hold the glass
suspended when raised for the purpose of giving necessary attention to the burner.
Having now particularly described, and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I.
claim is :-
1. In mineral oil lamps in which the storage chamber of air for combustion is
arranged above the burner, and connected therewith by a pipe or tube, the use of
an annular storage chamber furnished with holes below the top of the chimney for
the inlet of fresh heated air in combination with a movable glass chimney supported
at its lower end by a gallery glass holder and passing at the upper end through a
plain or serrated orifice formed in the reflector or underside of the air chamber
substantially as described.
2. In mineral oil lamps the use of an annular reflector or other under side of air
chamber of which the under surface is cut into or furnished with tongue shaped
springs to pass and retain in position a movable glass chimney, substantially as
and for the purposes described.
Doted this Fourth day of Sentember 1893