Apparatus for Producing Dry Bars, Strips, Plates, or the like of Sugar and other Crystallized Substances.
Year: 1897

page_text: Apparatus for Producing Dry Bars, Strips, Plates, or the like of
Sugar and other Crystallized Substances.
I, LEOPOLD MAY, of Ungarisch Ostra, Moravia, Empire of Austria, Manufacturer,
do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
The apparatus for producing dry bars, which are hereinafter described especially
in respect of their application to the manufacture of sugar for the production of dry
sugar-bars, may be divided into three sections viz. :-
(1) The bar-forming apparatus in which the material is put into the chambers of
specially arranged hollow bodies, and is crystallized in these hollow bodies (which
form double tubes) into bars of polygonal, cylindrical, elliptical, semi-annular, or
annular cross section, which are treated in the chambers by means of a clarifying
agent, such as a solution of white sugar in water;
(2) The loosening-apparatus into which the hollow bodies mentioned under (1)
are inserted, after the material therein has crystallized but whilst it is still moist, for
the purpose of first freeing the crystallized material from the outer hollow bodies,
and then from the inner hollow bodies, so that the material, which has crystallized
into bars, will rest freely upon supports, on which the said bars are then automatically
introduced into.-
(3) The drying apparatus, in which the bars are dried and are then removed
from their support, which then at a certain place moves automatically empty from
the drying-apparatus into the loosening-apparatus, where it is then filled with
moist bars and is automatically returned by the loosening apparatus into the
drying apparatus.
From the preceding, it will be noted that the whole of the several sections, viz. the
bar-forming apparatus, the loosening apparatus, and the drying apparatus-are
necessary to the process of converting the material into dry clarified bars, also
that the bar-forming apparatus is preparatory to the loosening apparatus, so that
the latter is not capable of being used without the former, and further that the
bar-forming apparatus cannot be used without the loosening apparatus, whilst the
loosening apparatus and the drying apparatus again directly co-operate by means
of bar supports of a certain kind.
The bar-forming apparatus comprises suitably shaped hollow bodies each of which
may be formed of a tube of rectangular cross section which is open at the top and
at the bottom and into which another tube of, for instance, cross-shaped cross section
and closed at both the top and at the bottom, is loosely inserted so as to form in the
first mentioned tube four chambers which are open at the top and the bottom, and
into which the material is put for the purpose of producing bars, strips, or plates.
The two hollow bodies are preferably made to taper longitudinally with the object of
considerably facilitating the removal of the inner body with the formed bars etc.
The two tubular hollow bodies may, of course, be made of any other suitable shape.
Thus, for example, the outer tube may be made of an elongated rectangular cross
section, into which there is inserted a cross shaped tube, which is closed at the top

page_text: and the bottom, and is provided with two short and two long arms corresponding to
the inside of the tube, so as to form in the outer tube four chambers of elongated flat
rectangular cross section for the production of plates.
In another example the outer tube is of square cross section, and into it is inserted
an inner tube which is closed at the top and the bottom and is also of square shape
in cross section, but each of its four side walls projects on one side to a certain extent
beyond their meeting places, so as to form in the outer tube the four chambers, which
are also of flat rectangular cross section, for the reception of the material.
In another example the outer tube is of cylindrical shape in cross section. Into
this tube there is inserted an inner tube which is closed at the top and the bottom
and has also a cylindrical cross section and on which there are provided two or more
oppositely situated projections. There are thus formed in the outer tube two
chambers of semi-annular shape in cross section for the reception of the material to
be crystallized so that two bars of semi-annular cross section will be produced.
Obviously, the outer and. inner tubes may have, instead of a cylindrical an
elliptical or similar cross section.
The inner tube of cylindrical cross section may also be made without the
aforesaid projections-that is to say, it may have a smooth outer surface and be
inserted in the outer tube so that in the latter there is formed only one chamber of
annular cross section for the reception of the material. In this case, therefore, there
will be formed only one bar of annular cross section.
The two last forms can be made easily and cheaply, and the formation of the
bars of sugar or
the like in these moulds has been found to be extremely
advantageous.
Any desired number of the herein before described hollow bodies of which the
construction first herein before described is selected by way of example, are fixed
at their upper and lower ends in frames provided with handles, and the hollow
bodies thus united to form a bundle are placed upon a trough-like underframe
and are attached by means of clamping screws provided on the latter. The hollow
bodies may, of course, be fastened singly in frames provided with handles and be
attached to the underframe, and it is particularly advisable to do so when the
hollow bodies are of large size.
The underframe is provided at its upper surface with apertures, which are
surrounded by packing-surfaces and correspond to the lower inouths of the bundle
of moulds placed upon it and which can be closed by means of plates that can be
moved up and down from outside the underframe by means of adjusting-devices.
When the apertures are thus closed, the closing-plates constitute the bottom of the
chambers that are formed in the outer hollow bodies by the inserted hollow
bodies.
From the bottom of the underframe there projects a union, which is common to
all the compartiments of the frame, and which is also connected with an air-pump.
Upon the upper frames of each bundle of moulds, there is placed a cup-shaped mouth
piece which is open at both the top and the bottom and is provided with handles on
its sides and with a packing-edge on its under surface, and into which is introduced
the fluid sugar material which enters and fills the chambers formed in the outer
hollow bodies. Into the mouth-piece there is inserted a perforated plate, which is
provided with handles and forms a removable bottom for the mouth-piece. To the
perforations of this plate there are connected upwardly projecting tubes, which are
situated exactly over the chambers of the outer hollow bodies and have a cross section
corresponding exactly to that of the chambers.
By inserting the plate or bottom into the sugar material which is still fluid and in
excess in the mouth-piece, the material is forced into the tubes and the portion
forced in, in addition to making up for the contraction of the material, caused by
settling in the chambers, also forms feeding-heads for the cast bars, which feeding-
heads can be separated quite smoothly by removing the plate or bottom from the
solidified bars and the inoulds. By this means, every other labour for removing the

page_text: excess of material to be crystallized and also the consumption of the material itself
is considerably lessened.
After the removal of the plates or bottoms of the mouthpieces the clarifying
agent is poured into the mouthpiece which fits tightly on each bundle of moulds,
and which also constitutes a measuring device for the necessary amount of the
clarifying agent; then the closing plates are moved down by means of their
adjusting-devices until they bear against rubber discs which serve to make tight.
joints for the apertures of the plate-adjusting spindles. Then the air-pump is set
into operation, whereby the cavity in the underframe is deprived of air and the green
syrup is drawn from the sugar-bars and the clarifying agent is caused to take its
place. When the whole of the clarifying agent has entered the sugar-bars the suction
process is interrupted, and after loosening the clamping screws of the underframe all
the bundles of moulds are moved therefrom and are placed into a centrifugal apparatus
which expels the clarifying agent from the sugar. Then the bundles of moulds are
removed from the centrifugal apparatus and are loosened one after another by means
of the loosening apparatus.
The loosening apparatus comprises a frame constructed in the manner of a draw-
bench, in which two screw-spindles, extending along the sides of the frame, are
rotatably mounted. Upon each of the spindles is mounted a nut, which serves as a
carrier. These nuts are guided in dove-tail-grooves formed in the sides of the
frame. On one end of each of the spindles is mounted a bevel-wheel. These two
bevel-wheels engage in bevel wheels mounted on the end of a cross shaft, upon
which there are also mounted loosely two other bevel-wheels between which there
is mounted a coupling which, by means of a lever and an operating rod, can be so
engaged with one of the last mentioned bevel wheels that that wheel will thereby be
rigidly connected with its shaft. In the loose bevel-wheels there engages a bevel-
wheel that is fixed on the upper end of vertical shaft which is rotated by means of
bevel-wheels from the main shaft. This rotary motion is transferred to the cross
shaft, by the bevel-wheel that gears into the said loose bevel-wheels, in one or the other
direction according as one or the other of the said loose bevel-wheels is coupled with
the cross shaft, whereby there is produced rotation of the said screw-spindles in such a
manner that the carriers mounted upon them will move to the left or to the right
hand.
One of the bundles of moulds lifted out of the centrifugal apparatus is placed with
its normally lower frame into the carriers, such that it is supported with its normally
upper frame being supported by the sides of the framing so as to slide freely thereon.
Further, a carrying frame is hooked with its front end into the carriers or it is
hooked automatically in the manner hereinafter described, so that this frame is
situated close behind the bundle of moulds.
The carrying frame comprises a base-plate from which project low longitudinal
side walls, the dividing or intermediate rods, and a rear wall which is perforated to
correspond with the cross-section of the inner mould bodies. The dividing or inter-
mediate rods are formed with longitudinal slots, which form grooves for sheet-metal
strips or tongues, which are to be inserted therein for the purpose hereinafter
specified. In front of the bundle of moulds, there are fixed in the forward part of the
framing, a number of expellers equal to the number of the outer hollow bodies which
are combined to form a bundle, the said expellers having a cross section corresponding
to the inner shape of the outer hollow bodies and being situated exactly in front of
the end apertures of the latter.
The expellers are bored out and through each of their bores there is inserted a
tube which is provided at one end with a smooth closing plate, whilst the other.end,
which projects beyond the expeller, is formed with a screw-thread upon which there
is mounted a nut, formed as a toothed wheel. All the toothed-wheel nuts engage
with one another, and can be rotated simultaneously by means of a hand-wheel and
toothed gearing, with the result that the tubes of all the expellers will be moved
simultaneously forward or backwards. In each of the tubes there is placed a round
bar and all these bars are connected by links with a rod which is provided with a

page_text: handle and by means of which all the round bars can be pushed forward
simultaneously in the tubes to such an extent that their free ends will project
beyond the closing plates and will be held in this position by rotation by means of
the rod provided with a handle, whilst after undoing the fastening all the bars can
be simultaneously withdrawn and fixed again.
If, now, the still wet bars of sugar contained in the bundle of moulds placed upon
the loosening apparatus are, together with the inner mould bodies enclosed by the
latter, to be moved forward upon the carrying frame, then first by rotating the
aforesaid hand-wheel the tubes are moved forwards to such an extent in the expellers
that the tubes enter the moulds with their closing plates and loosen their contents--
that is to say, the sugar bars and the inner moulds-from the outer moulds.
Then, by means of a longitudinal operating rod the coupling is thrown into
engagement with the proper one of the said two loose bevel-wheels so that the
aforesaid screw-spindles are so rotated, that the carriers, mounted on them will,
together with the moulds engaged therein and with the carrying frame, move
towards the left hand until the normally upper frame of the bundle of moulds strikes
against an arm adjustably mounted on the aforesaid longitudinal operating rod,
whereby the coupling is disengaged from the wheel so that the screw-spindles and
the parts moved by the latter become stationary.
As the expellers have now entered wholly into the moulds they have pushed their
contents on to the carrying frame. If, now, by rotating the hand-wheel the tubes in
the expellers be again moved back, then, by means of the aforesaid rod provided
with a handle the round bars in the tubes will be pushed forward and fixed, whereupon
by rotating the hand-wheel the sugar bars will be loosened from the inner moulds,
because the ends of the bars will press against the said inner moulds in such a
manner that they will project slightly through the perforations in the rear wall of
the carrying frame whilst the sugar bars will be held back by the full parts of the
said rear wall.
The round bars and also the tubes in the expellers are then again moved back into
their position of rest, and then by causing the coupling to engage with the other of
the loose bevel-wheels, the spindles are caused to rotate in the direction opposite to
the previous one, so that the carriers together with the empty bundle of moulds
engaged therein and with the charged carrying frame, are moved to the right hand
until they are stopped by striking against an arm which has been adjusted mean-
while upon the aforesaid longitudinal operating rod. The empty bundle of moulds
is then removed and placed in an inclined position in a vessel which is filled with
warm water and is adapted to run on rails. Then the workman takes the above
mentioned sheet-metal tongues or strips and pushes them one after the other with
one end slightly into the grooves formed in the dividing or intermediate rods, whilst
their other ends are caused to bear against the expellers. Then the screw spindle
driving-mechanism is set into operation in such a manner as to cause its carriers,
with the charged carrying frame engaged therein, to move towards the left end,
whereby the tongues are pushed along in their grooved guides, and are thus caused
to push the inner moulds out of the framing. After pushing out the inner moulds,
the spindle driving-mechanisın is stopped by striking against an arm set upon the
aforesaid longitudinal operating rod.
The inner moulds when pushed out, are situated upon a flap, which is pivoted
between the sides of the framing and is brought into an inclined position by releas-
ing an adjusting lever. By this means the inner moulds resting on the flap come
into such a position that they will slide off automatically into their respective outer
moulds, which are situated in a suitable position in the water vessel. Then it is
- merely necessary to raise the entire mould out of the water bath, and to allow it to
drain, after which it can be again filled with the sugar material.
In order to prevent the tapering inner moulds from moving downward whilst they
are being pushed off from the sugar bars, which might easily damage the still wet
sugar bars, there is arranged between the frame sides a sliding carriage, which is
adapted to, slide, in slotted or grooved guides formed to suit the taper of the inner

page_text: moulds and which hooks itself by means of noses provided at its front end into the
carrying frame so that the sliding carriage is moved forward in the forward move-
ment of the frame.
By this means a cross piece that connects the carriage at the rear end, is raised
and affords continual support to the inner noulds as they are being pushed out of
the frame until they have been completely moved out and have reached the flap.
A counterweight draws back the carriage into its position of rest at the proper
time.
After the inner moulds have been pushed out, the two lower sugar bars of each
inner mould bear with one of their sides on the bottom of the frame, whilst the two
top sugar bars of each mould are supported freely on the inserted tongues.
As soon as the inner moulds have been removed from the flap, the screw-spindle
driving-mechanism is suitably started in order to move the carrying frame with the
still wet sugar bars automatically into the drying apparatus which is situated close
to the loosening apparatus.
The drying apparatus comprises a cylindrical tower-shaped casing in which a
cylindrical perforated or reticulated frame is balanced by means of weights and is
suspended from chains or ropes. This frame contains surfaces for supporting the
carrying frames.
The chains or ropes that carry the frame are guided by pulleys and are connected
with a windlass which is operated by means of toothed gearing and fast and slow
driving-belts whereby the frame can be raised or lowered in its casing. By setting
the windlass into operation, a low horizontal shaft is at the same time rotated by
means of toothed gearing, and this rotary motion is transmitted by means of bevel-
wheels to a vertical central shaft, which is fixed in the frame so that the latter
receives in addition to the rising or descending motion, simultaneously therewith a
rotary motion, whilst it is guided by means of rollers in its casing.
The space inside the frame is vacant so that the hot air serving for drying and
entering for instance, through an aperture in the upper portion of the casing, can pass
without hindrance between the supporting surfaces, and after passing over the sugar
bars placed upon the supporting surfaces, passes off through unions into the open air
or to another place of consumption.
The supporting surfaces are sector-like and are placed side by side in the form of
a helical line, leaving vacant a central vertical opening or space in the cylindrical
frame.
In the casing there is provided an aperture, which can be closed and through which
the carrying frames charged with the sugar bars to be dried, are conveyed in succession.
from the loosening apparatus to the supporting surfaces in the cylindrical frame.
Opposite to this aperture, or laterally thereto, there is provided another aperture.
through which the dried sugar bars are removed from the carrying frames so that,
on suitable rotation of the cylindrical frame an empty carrying frame will always be
brought in front of the charging aperture. This frame is then automatically drawn
out by the loosening apparatus in order, after it has been charged with sugar bars
by the latter in the manner above described, to be then returned into the drying
apparatus in the following manner :-
The screw-spindle driving-mechanism is so operated as to cause its carriers, which
are now situated in their extreme left hand position, to move to the right.
In consequence, they push the charged carrying frame, which is engaged in them,
in front of them until it has been pushed through the charging-aperture upon the
supporting surface that has been stationary so long and from which the carrying
frame was previously removed empty. After the termination of this pushing-in
movement the screw-spindle driving-mechanism is stopped by striking against the
right-hand arm on the longitudinal operating rod which has been adjusted in the
mean time on the latter, whilst simultaneously the driving mechanism of the drying
apparatus is automatically set into operation by means of a suitable device. By this
means the cylindrical frame of the latter has imparted to it, in addition to a small
lifting movement, also a rotary movement, and these movements are then

page_text: automatically stopped by suitable mechanism when the charged carrying frame,
which has just been inserted, is moved away from the charging-aperture and an
empty frame is moved again in front of it. In this movement of the cylindrical
frame a charged carrying frame unhooks itself automatically from the carriers,
whilst the following empty frame hooks itself automatically into the carriers.
Then the screw-spindle driving-mechanism of the loosening apparatus is so thrown
into operation, that this empty carrying frame is moved to the left hand to be filled
on the loosening apparatus, and is then moved back upon the supporting sector or
surface of the cylindrical frame that has just been left. Then the cylindrical frame
is again raised and rotated automatically in such a manner as to bring an empty
carrying frame again in front of the charging aperture.
This automatic removal of the empty, and insertion of charged, carrying frames,
is continued until all the supporting sectors are provided with charged carrying
frames. This requires as much time as the hot air, which is coutinually passing
through, requires to completely dry the sugar bars. When the charging of the
cylindrical frame is finished, the cylindrical frame is completely raised, and the
windlass is then started in the opposite direction by the setting into operation of
the corresponding belt, so that a more rapid rotation and downward movement of the
cylindrical frame takes place. Then the carrying frames that contain the sugar bars
that are now dry, are emptied in the order in which they were inserted, and they
then pass successively in the manner described upon the loosening apparatus; and
from the latter back again charged into the drying apparatus.
In a modificatian of the drying apparatus, the cylindrical frame is surrounded and
covered over by a casing or jacket along which is carried a hot air supply passage,
which is provided with an outlet at or near the centre of the upper part of the casing
or jacket and also serves for stiffening purposes. The upward movement and rotation
of the frame is in this case, however, effected by hydraulic or air pressure. For this
purpose, the frame, which is counter-balanced by a weight, is fixed to a plunger that
projects with its free end downwards into a closed cylinder. Into this. cylinder opens
a pipe through which water or air under pressure can be introduced into the
cylinder. Above the cylinder there is provided on the plunger, which is suitably
guided and tight-jointed, a screw-thread with which engages a small antifriction
roller mounted on a fixed bolt.
If, now, water or the like be allowed to enter under pressure into the cylinder, the
plunger will be thereby raised with the cylindrical frame and will be compelled, by
the roller engaging with the screw-thread of the plunger, to rotate at the same time.
The duration of this rising and rotating movement of the plunger and the frame is
regulated by means of a spring bolt, which catches in one of a number of boles pro-
vided in the outer surface of the screw-thread. These holes are arranged at intervals
of distance from each other corresponding to the travel which must be made each
time by the frame.
The frame is covered at its upper part by a plate which extends close up to the
inside wall of the casing and is provided with a central aperture corresponding to the
central opening or vacant space within the frame and surrounded by the surfaces for
supporting the carrying frames, so that the hot air introduced through the aforesaid
outlet of the said passage is compelled to flow through the several compartments of
the frame from the inside towards the outside, and thence to discharge through a
passage arranged below the frame.
The supporting surfaces for the carrying frames are in this case formed of angle
irons arranged. with an upward inclination in the form of a screw-line, so that the
hot air can also flow along the bottom of the carrying frames, whereby the drying of
the sugar bars etc. situated upon the same, will be considerably promoted.
The charging of this drying apparatus is effected antomatically by means of the
loosening apparatus, like that of the apparatus herein before described.
When a charged carrying frame has been pushed by the loosening apparatus
through the charging-aperture (which can be closed and is provided in the casing at
a suitable point) upon the carrying surface that is situated exactly in front of the

page_text: said aperture, the aforesaid spring bolt is automatically disengaged by the loosening
apparatus, so that the frame is now caused, by the pressure existing in the cylinder,
to move until an empty carrying frame has again come in front of the charging
aperture. When this has taken place, the loosening apparatus releases the spring
bolt which then engages in a corresponding hole in the screw-thread of the plunger,
whereby the frame is stopped. The loosening apparatus then draws out the empty
carrying fratne, and, after it has been re-charged, pushes it again upon the cylindrical
frame.
•
When the whole cylindrical frame has been filled with charged carrying frames, in
which case it has reached its highest position, the water is allowed to escape from
the cylinder. In consequence, the framing moves downward, rotating at the same
time, whereupon the sugar bars, which are now dry, are removed successively from
the carrying frames, so that the mode of operation above described can begin again
anew.
It will be seen that by means of the herein before described entire arrangement,
bars, strips, or plates of sugar or the like can be produced automatically in a very
rapid manner, and need not be touched by hand until they are, completely dry,
which has been found to be a very important advantage in every respect.
D
1
Apparatus for Producing Dry Bars, Strips, Plates, or the like, of
Sugar and other Crystallized Substances.
I, LEOPOLD MAY, of Ungarisch Ostra, Moravia, Empire of Austria, Manufacturer,
do hereby declare the nature of this invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement :-
The apparatus for producing dry bars, which are hereinafter described especially in
respect of their application to the manufacture of sugar for the production of dry
sugar-bars, may be divided into three sections viz. :-
1
(1) The bar-forming apparatus in which the material is put into the chambers of
specially arranged hollow bodies, and is crystallized in these hollow bodies (which
form double tubes) into bars of polygonal, cylindrical, elliptical, semi-annular, or
annular cross section, which are treated in the chambers by means of a clarifying
agent, such as a solution of white sugar in water.
(2) The loosening-apparatus into which the hollow bodies mentioned under (1) are
inserted, after the material therein has crystallized but whilst it is still moist, for the
purpose of first freeing the crystallized material from the outer hollow bodies, and
then from the inner hollow bodies, so that the material, which has crystallized into
bars, will rest freely upon supports, ou which the said bars are then automatically
introduced into.-
(3) The drying apparatus, in which the bars are dried and are then removed from
their support, which then at a certain place moves automatically empty from the
drying-apparatus into the loosening apparatus, where it is then filled with moist
bars and is automatically returned by the loosening apparatus into the drying
apparatus.
From the preceding, it will be noted that the whole of the several sections-viz.,
the bar-forming apparatus, the loosening apparatus, and the drying apparatus-are

page_text: necessary to the process of converting the material into dry clarified bars; also that
the bar-forming apparatus is preparatory to the loosening apparatus, so that the
latter is not capable of being used without the former, and further that the bar
forming apparatus cannot be used without the loosening apparatus, whilst the
loosening apparatus and the drying apparatus again directly co-operate by means of
bar supports of a certain kind.
In the accompanying drawings,
Fig. 1 shows the bar-forming apparatus partly in longitudinal section, and partly
in elevation, Fig. 2 shows the same in plan and part horizontal section, and Fig. 3
the same in cross section. Figs. 4, 4, 4, 4°, and 4" respectively illustrate the
formation of the hollow spaces for the filling mass according to various forms of
arrangement and on larger scales.
Fig. 5 shows the loosening apparatus partly in longitudinal section, and partly in
elevation, Figs. 6, 7 and 8 show the same apparatus respectively in plan, in front
end elevation, and in cross section. Figs. 5, 5, 50, 5" illustrate various positions
of working of the loosening apparatus, and Figs. 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14 and 15 illustrate
details of the same.
Figs. 16, 17 and 18 show the drying apparatus respectively in sectional elevation,
in plan, and in cross section.
Fig. 19 illustrates a modification of the drying apparatus in sectional elevation.
The bar-forming apparatus comprises suitably shaped hollow bodies each of which
may be formed of a tube a of rectangular cross section which is open at the top and
the bottom and into which another tube or part a¹ of, for instance, cross-shaped
cross section and closed at both the top and the bottom is loosely inserted so as to
form in the first mentioned tube a four chambers a² which are open at the top and
the bottom, and into which the material is put for the purpose of producing bars,
strips, or plates. The two hollow bodies a and a¹ are preferably made to taper
longitudinally with the cbject of considerably facilitating the removal of the inner
body with the formed bars etc.
The two tubular hollow bodies a and a¹ may, of course, be made of any other
suitable shape. Thus, for example, as shown in Fig. 4, the outer tube a is made of
an elongated rectangular cross section, into which there is inserted a cross shaped tube
or part a¹, which is closed at the top and the bottom, and is provided with two short
and two long arms corresponding to the inside of the tube, so as to form in the outer
tube a four chambers a² of elongated flat rectangular cross section for the production
of plates.
In another example shown in Fig. 4B, the outer tube a is of square cross section,
and into it is inserted an inner tube a¹ which is closed at the top and the bottom and
is also of square shape in cross section, but each of whose four side walls projects on
one side to a certain extent beyond their meeting places, so as to form in the outer
tube a the four chambers a², which are also of flat rectangular cross section, for the
reception of the material.
In another example, see Fig. 4º, the outer tube a is of cylindrical shape in cross
'section. Into this tube there is inserted an inner tube a¹ which is closed at the
top and the bottom and has also a cylindrical cross section and on which there are
provided two or more oppositely situated projections aº. There are thus formed in
the outer tube a two chambers a² of semi-annular shape in cross section for the
reception of the material to be crystallized so that two bars of semi-annular cross
section will be produced. Obviously the outer and inner tubes a and a¹ may have,
instead of a cylindrical an elliptical or similar cross section.
The inner tube a¹ of cylindrical cross section may also be made as shown in Fig. 4D
without the aforesaid projections a° that is to say, it may have a smooth outer surface
and be inserted in the outer tube a so that in the latter there is formed only one
chamber a² of annular cross section for the reception of the material. In this case,
therefore, there will be formed only one bar, of annular cross section.
The two last forms can be be made easily and cheaply, and the formation of the

page_text: bars of sugar or the like in these moulds has been found to be extremely advan“
tageous.
As shown in Figs. 1, 2 and 3 any desired number of the hereinbefore described
hollow bodies a of which the construction shown in Fig. 4 is selected by way of
example, are fixed at their upper and lower ends in frames 6 and 61 respectively,
provided with handles, and the hollow bodies thus united to form a bundle or
group are placed upon a trough-like under-frame c and are attached thereto by
means of clamping screws c¹ provided on the latter. The hollow bodies a, may,
of course, be fastened singly in frames b, b¹ provided with handles and be attached to
the under-frame c and it is particularly advisable to do so when the hollow bodies a
are of large size, as shown for example in Fig. 4^.
The under-frame c is provided at its upper surface with apertures, which are
surrounded by packing-surfaces and correspond to the lower mouths of the bundle of
moulds placed upon it and which can be closed by means of plates c³ that can be
moved up and down from outside the underframe c by means of adjusting-devices o².
When the apertures are thus closed, as shown at the right hand of Fig. 3 the plates c³
constitute the bottom of the chambers a² that are formed in the outer hollow bodies a
by the inserted hollow bodies a¹.
From the bottom of the underframe c there projects a union c which is common
to all the compartments of the frame, and which is also connected with an air-pump c³.
Upon the upper frames 6 of each bundle of moulds, there is placed a cup-shaped
mouth-piece d which is open at both the top and the bottom and is provided with
handles on its sides and with a packing-edge on its under surface, and into which
mouthpiece d is introduced the fluid sugar material which enters and fills the
chambers a² formed in the outer hollow bodies a. Into the mouth-piece d there is
inserted a perforated plate e, which is provided with handles and forms a removable
bottom for the mouth-piece d. To the perforations of this plate there are connected
upwardly projecting tubes e¹ which are situated exactly over the chambers a² of the
outer hollow bodies a and have.a cross section corresponding exactly to that of the
chambers.
By inserting the plate or bottom e into the sugar material which is still fluid and
in excess in the mouthpiece d, the material forced into the tubes e¹ and the portion
forced in, in addition to making up for the contraction of the material caused by
settling in the chambers, also forms feeding-heads for the cast bars, which feeding-
heads can be separated quite smoothly by removing the plate or bottom e from the
solidified bars and the moulds. By this means, all other labour for removing the excess
of material to be crystallized and also the consumption of the material itself is
considerably lessened.
After the removal of the plates or bottoms e of the mouthpieces, the clarifying
agent poured into the mouthpiece d which fits tightly on each bundle of moulds,
and which also constitutes a measuring device for the necessary amount of the
clarifying agent; then the closing plates c³ are moved down by means of their
adjusting-devices c² until they bear against rubber discs which serve to make tight
joints for the apertures of the plate-adjusting spindles. The air-pump is then set
into operation, whereby the cavity in the under frame c is deprived of air and the
green syrup is drawn from the sugar-bars and the clarifying agent is caused to take
its place. When the whole of the clarifying agent has entered the sugar-bars the
suction process is interrupted, and after loosening the clamping-screws c¹ of the
under frame all the bundles of moulds are moved from the under frame c and are
placed into a centrifugal apparatus which expels the clarifying agent from the sugar.
The bundles of moulds are then removed from the centrifugal apparatus and are
loosened one after another by means of the loosening apparatus.
The loosening apparatus comprises a frame constructed in the manner of a
draw-bench, in which two screw spindles f, f, extending along the sides of the frame
are rotatably mounted, as shown in Figs. 5, 6, 7, and 8. Upon each of the spindles fif,
is mounted a nut f¹, f¹, which serves as a carrier. These nuts are guided; in
dovetail-grooves formed in the sides of the frame. On one end of each of the
B

page_text: spindles is mounted a bevel-wheel f², f². These two bevel-wheels engage in
bevel-wheels g, g, mounted on the end of a cross-shaft g¹ (Fig. 5), upon which there
are also mounted loosely two other bevel-wheels g², g², between which there is
mounted some convenient form of coupling (not shown) which by means of a lever g³
and an operating rod 9 can be so engaged with one of the bevel-wheels g² that
that wheel will thereby be rigidly connected with the shaft g¹. With the loose
bevel-wheels g², g², there engages a bevel-wheel h¹ that is fixed on the upper end
of the vertical shaft h which is rotated by means of bevel-wheels h2, h3, from the
main shaft h. This rotary motion is transferred to the cross shaft g¹ by the
bevel-wheel ¹ that gears into the said loose bevel-wheels g² in one or the other
direction according as one or the other of the said loose bevel-wheels g² is coupled
with the cross shaft g¹ whereby there is produced rotation of the said screw-spindles f, f,
in such a manner that the carriers f¹, f¹, mounted upon them will move to the left
or to the right hand.
One of the bundles of moulds lifted out of the centrifugal apparatus is placed
with its normally lower frame b¹ into the carriers f¹, f¹, as shown in Fig. 5 so that it
is supported, with its normally upper frame b supported by the sides of the framing
so as to slide freely thereon. Further, a carrying frame i is hooked with its front
end into the carriers f¹ f¹ or it is hooked automatically in the manner hereinafter
described, so that this frame is situated close behind the bundle of moulds, as shown
in Fig. 5.
The carrying frame i is shown in Figs. 9, 10, 11 and 12 respectively in plan, side
elevation and left and right hand elevations; it comprises a base-plate from which
project low longitudinal side walls dividing intermediate rods 22, and a rear wall is
which is perforated to correspond with the cross-section of the inner mould bodies
a. The dividing or intermediate rods i² are formed with longitudinal slots, which
form grooves for sheet-metal strips or tongues 4, which are to be inserted therein for
the purpose hereinafter specified. In front of the bundle of moulds, there are fixed
in the forward part of the framing, a number of expellers k equal to the number of
the outer hollow bodies a which are combined to form a bundle, the said expellers
having a cross section corresponding to the inner shape of the outer hollow bodies a,
and being situated exactly in front of the end apertures thereof.
The expellers are bored out as shown in Figs. 13, 14, and 15, and through each of
their bores there is inserted a tube which is provided at one end with a smooth
end plate k², whilst the other end, which projects beyond the expeller, is formed with
a screw-thread upon which there is mounted a nut ³, formed as a toothed wheel. All
the toothed-wheel nuts k³ engage with one another, and can be rotated simultaneously
by means of a hand-wheel and tooth gearing as shown in Figs. 5, 6 and 7 with
the result that the tubes ¹ of all the expellers k will be moved simultaneously forward
or backwards. In each of the tubes k¹ there is placed a round bar and all these
bars are connected by links as shown in Fig. 15 with a rod which is provided with
a handle and by means of which all the round bars can be pushed forward
simultaneously in the tubes k¹ to such an extent that their free ends will project
beyond the end plates k² and will be held in this position on being partially rotated
by means of the rod whilst after undoing the fastening all the bars can be
simultaneously withdrawn and fixed again.
If now, there are placed upon the loosening apparatus the still wet bars of sugar
contained in the bundle of moulds together with the inner mould bodies a² enclosed
by the latter, and also the carrying frame i, then by rotating the hand-wheel (Figs.
5, 6, and 7) the tubes are moved forwards to such an extent in the expellers k that
the tubes enter the moulds with their end plates k² and loosen their contents-that
is to say, the sugar bars and the inner moulds a¹ from the outer moulds a.
Then, by means of the rod g* the coupling is thrown into engagement with the
proper one of the said two loose bevel-wheels g² so that the screw-spindles f, f are so
rotated, that the carriers f¹, f¹ mounted on them will, together with the moulds a
engaged therein and with the carrying frame i, move towards the left hand until the
normally upper frame 6 of the bundle of. moulds strikes against an arm 9³ adjustably.
1

page_text: mounted on the operating rod 9 whereby the coupling is disengaged from the
wheel so that the screw-spindles and the parts moved by the latter become
stationary.
The parts now assume the position shown in Fig. 5. As the expellers have now
entered wholly into the moulds a, they have pushed their contents on to the
carrying frame . If, now, by rotating the hand-wheel the tubes in the expellers
be again moved back, then, by means of the rod 15, the round bars will be pushed
forward and locked with their right hand ends projecting beyond the plates where-
upon by rotating the hand-wheel the sugar-bars will be loosened from the inner
moulds a¹, because the projecting ends of the bars will press against the said inner
moulds a¹ in such a manner that they will project slightly through the perforations
in the rear wall is of the carrying frame whilst the sugar bars will be held back by
the full parts of the said rear wall is, as indicated in Fig. 5^.
The round bars 4 and also the tubes k¹ in the expellers are then again moved back
into their position of rest, and then by causing the coupling to engage with the other
of the loose bevel-wheels g², the spindles f, f, are caused to rotate in the direction
opposite to the previous one, so that the carriers f¹, f¹ together with the empty
bundle of moulds a engaged therein and with the charged carrying frame i are moved
to the right hand until they are stopped by striking against an arm go which has been
adjusted meanwhile upon the rod gt; this position is shown in Fig. 5B. The empty
bundle of moulds is then removed and placed in an inclined position in a vessel m
which is filled with warm water and is adapted to run on rails as indicated in Fig. 5.
Then the workman takes the sheet-metal tongues or strips and pushes them oue
after the other with one end slightly into the grooves formed in the dividing or
intermediate rods 22, whilst their other ends are caused to bear against the expellers k
as illustrated in Fig. 5º. Then the screw spindle driving mechanism is set into
operation, in such a manner, as to cause its carriers, ff with the charged carrying
frame i engaged therein, to move towards the left end, whereby the tongues are
pushed along in their grooved guides, and are thus caused to push the inner
moulds a out of the fraining i; this portion is shown in Fig. 5P.. After pushing out
the inner moulds a¹, the spindle driving mechanism is stopped by striking against an
arm g7 set upon the rod gt.
The inner moulds a when pushed out, are situated upon a flap n which is pivoted
between the sides of the framing and is brought into an inclined position shown in
dotted lines in Fig. 5 by releasing its adjusting lever n¹ (Fig. 6). By this means the
inner moulds a¹ resting on the flap come into such a position that they will slide off
automatically into their respective outer moulds a which are situated in a suitable
position in the water vessel m. Then it is merely necessary to raise the entire inould
out of the water bath, and to allow it to drain, after which it can be again filled with
the sugar material.
In order to prevent the tapering inner moulds a¹ from moving downward whilst
they are being pushed off from the sugar bars, which might easily damage the still
wet sugar bars, there is arranged between the frame sides a sliding carriage o¹, which
is adapted to slide in slotted or grooved guides o formed to suit the taper of the
inner moulds and which hooks itself by means of noses o³ provided at its front end
into the carrying frame i so that the sliding carriage is moved forward in the forward
movement of the frame i.
By this means a cross piece o³ that connects the carriage at the rear end, is raised
and affords continual support to the inner moulds a¹ as they are being pushed out
of the frame, until they have been completely moved out and have reached
the flap n. A counterweight of draws back the carriage into its position of rest at
the proper time.
After the inner moulds a¹ have been pushed out, the two lower sugar bars of each
inner mould bear with one of their sides on the bottom of the frame i, whilst the
two top sugar bars of each mould are supported freely on the inserted tongues it as
shown in Fig. 11.

page_text: As soon as the inner moulds a¹ have been removed from the flap n, the screw
spindle driving-mechanism is suitably started in order to move the carrying frame i
with the still wet sugar-bars automatically into the drying apparatus which is situated
close to the loosening apparatus.
The drying apparatus comprises a cylindrical tower-shaped casing p in which a
cylindrical perforated or reticulated frame q is balanced by means of weights q¹ and
is suspended from chains or ropes q³. This frame contains surfaces q³ for supporting
the carrying frames i Figs. 16, 17 and 18.
The chains or ropes 92 that carry the frame are guided by pulleys of and are
connected with a windlass which is operated by means of toothed gearing 8² 8³ and
fast and slow driving belts 8 or 8¹ whereby the frame q can be raised or lowered in its
casing p. By setting the windlass into operation a shaft is at the same time
rotated by means of toothed gearing t, and this rotary motion is transmitted by
means of bevel wheels t2 to a vertical central shaft u which is fixed in the frame q so
that the latter receives in addition to the rising or descending motion,
simultaneously therewith a rotary motion, whilst it is guided by means of rollers q
in its casing p.
The space inside the frame is vacant so that the hot air serving for drying, and
entering, for instance, through the aperture v Fig. 17, can pass without hindrance
between the supporting surfaces q³, and, after passing over the sugar bars placed
upon them passes off through unions into the open air or to another place for
re-use.
The supporting surfaces 93 are as is shown in Fig. 18, sector-like and are placed
side by side in the form of a helical line, leaving vacant a central vertical opening
or space in the cylindrical frame.
In the casing p there is provided an aperture p¹ which can be closed and
through which the carrying frames i charged with the sugar bars to. be dried,
are conveyed in succession from the loosening apparatus to the supporting surfaces q³
in the cylindrical. frame q. Opposite to this aperture p¹, or laterally thereto,
there is provided another aperture (not shown) through which the dried sugar bars
are removed from the carrying frames i, so that, on suitable rotation of the.
cylindrical frame g an empty carrying frame i will always be brought in front of the
charging aperture p¹. This frame is then automatically drawn out by the loosening
apparatus in order, after it has been charged with sugar bars by the latter in the
manner above described to be then returned into the drying apparatus in
the following manner:-
The screw-spindle driving-mechanism is so operated as to cause its carriers f¹, ƒ^¹‚
which are now situated in their extreme left-hand, see Fig. 5° to move to the right.
In consequence, they push the charged carrying frame which is engaged therein, in
front of them until it has been pushed through the charging-aperture p¹ upon the
supporting surface q that has been stationary so long and from which the
carrying frame i was previously removed empty. After the termination of
of this pushing-in movement the screw-spindle driving mechanism is stopped
by striking against the arm g which has been adjusted in the mean time on
the rod g, whilst simultaneously the driving mechanism of the drying apparatus
is automatically set into operation by means of a suitable device (not shown). By
this means the frame q has imparted to it, in addition to a small lifting movement,
also a rotary movement, and these. movements are then automatically stopped
by suitable mechanism when the charged carrying frame i which has just been
inserted, is moved away from the charging-aperture p¹ and an empty frame is moved
again in front of it. In this movement of the frame q a charged carrying frame i
unhooks itself automatically from the carriers f, f, whilst the following empty frame
hooks itself automatically into the carriers.
Then the screw spindle driving-mechanism of the loosening apparatus is so thrown
into operation, that this empty carrying frame is moved to the left hand to be filled
on the loosening apparatus, and is then moved back upon the supporting sector or
surface q of the frame g that has just been left. Then the frame q is again raised

page_text: and rotated automatically in such a manner as to bring an empty carrying frame i
again in front of the charging aperture p¹.
This automatic removal of the empty, and insertion of charged, carrying frames, is
continued until all the supporting sectors 93 are provided with charged carrying
frames . This requires as much time as the hot air, which is continually passing
through, requires to completely dry the sugar bars. When the charging of the
cylindrical frame q is finished, the cylindrical frame is completely raised, and the
windlass is then started in the opposite direction by the setting into operation of
the corresponding belt, so that a more rapid rotation and downward movement of the
cylindrical frame q takes place. Then the carrying frames i that contain the sugar
bars that are now dry, are emptied in the order in which they were inserted, and they
then pass successively in the manner described upon the loosening apparatus, and
from the latter back again charged into the drying apparatus.
In the modification of the drying apparatus shown in Fig. 19 the frame q is
surrounded and covered over by a casing or jacket p along which is carried a hot-air
supply passage v which is provided with an outlet at or near the centre of the upper
part of the casing or jacket and also serves for stiffening purposes. The upward
movement and rotation of the frame q is in this case, however, effected by hydraulic
or air pressure. For this purpose, the frame q which is counter-balanced by a
weight q¹ is fixed to a plunger w that projects with its free end downwards into a
closed cylinder. Into this cylinder opens a pipe ¹ through which water or air under
pressure can be introduced into the cylinder x. Above the cylinder x there is
provided, on the plunger w which is suitably guided and tight-jointed, a screw thread
with which engages a small antifriction roller w¹ mounted on a fixed bolt.
If, now, water or the like be allowed to enter under pressure into the cylinder x, the
plunger w will be thereby raised with the cylindrical frame q and will be com-
pelled, by the roller w engaging with the screw thread of the plunger, to rotate at
the same time. The duration of this ring and rotating movement of the plunger
and the frame is regulated by means of a spring bolt w2, which catches in one of a
number of holes provided in the outer surface of the screw thread. These holes are
arranged at intervals of distance from each other corresponding to the travel which
must be made each time by the frame q.
The frame q is covered at its upper part by a plate q° which extends close up to the
inside wall of the casing p and is provided with a central aperture corresponding to
the central opening or vacant space within the frame and surrounded by the surfaces
for supporting the carrying frames, so that the hot air introduced through the afore-
said outlet of the said passage v is compelled to flow through the several compartments
of the frame q from the inside towards the outside, and thence to discharge through
a passage v arranged below the frame.
The supporting surfaces q³ for the carrying frames are in this case formed of
angle-irons arranged with an upward inclination in the form of a screw-line, so that
the hot air can also flow along the bottom of the carrying frames i, whereby the
drying of the sugar bars etc., situated upon the same, will be considerably promoted.
The charging of this drying apparatus is effected automatically by means of the
loosening apparatus like that of the apparatus herein before described with reference
to Figs. 16, 17, and 18.
When a charged carrying frame i has been pushed by the loosening apparatus
through the charging aperture p (which can he closed and is provided in the casing
p at a suitable point) upon the carrying surface q³ that is situated exactly in
front of the said aperture, the spring bolt w² is automatically disengaged by the
oosening apparatus, so that the frame q is now caused, by the pressure existing in
the cylinder, to move until an empty carrying frame i has again come in front of
the aperture p¹. When this has taken place, the loosening apparatus releases the
spring bolt w which then engages in a corresponding hole in the screw-thread of
the plunger w whereby the frame q is stopped. The loosening apparatus then draws
out the empty carrying fraine, and, after it has been re-charged, pushes it again upon
the cylindrical frame q.

page_text: When the whole cylindrical frame has been filled with charged carrying frames,
in which case it has reached its highest position, the water is allowed to escape from
the cylinder. In consequence, the framing moves downward, rotating at the same
time, whereupon the sugar bars which are now dry, are removed successively from
the carrying frames, so that the mode of operation above described can begin again
anew.
It will be seen that by means of the hereinbefore described entire arrangement,
bars, strips, or plates of sugar or the like can be produced automatically in a very
rapid manner, and need not be touched by hand until they are. completely dry,
which has been found to be a very important advantage in every respect.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I. declare that what I
claim is:-
1. In apparatus for producing dry bars, strips, plates, or the like of sugar and
other crystallized liquids, a bar-forming apparatus wherein are combined tubular
bodies of any desired cross section and closed at both ends with cylindrical, elliptical
or polygonal tubes of any desired cross-section and open at both ends, into which
tubes the tubular bodies are inserted, the outer walls of said bodies forming together
with the inner walls of the surrounding tubes, hollow spaces which serve to receive
the material for the purpose of its solidification into bars strips or plates of polygonal,
cylindrical or elliptical, semi-annular or annular cross section, substantially as
described.
2. The arrangement of the bar-forming apparatus mentioned in Claim 1, in any
desired number in a framing for the purpose of simultaneously charging all the filling
spaces with material to be crystallized and of simultaneously further treating all the
formed bars, substantially as described.
3. In the bar-forming apparatus referred to in Claims 1 and 2, the arrangement
of a cup-shaped mouthpiece d which serves to receive the material during the filling
of the moulds and also to receive and to measure the clarifying agent required for
clarifying the formed bars, substantially as described.
4. In the mouthpiece & referred to in Claim 3, the arrangement of a removable
bottom e which is provided with perforations corresponding to the filling spaces in
the bar-forming apparatus, against which perforations there bears an upwardly
projecting tube e' (for each of the sugar bars to be formed) for the purpose of forming
casting heads for the underlying sugar bars, which casting heads can be simul-
taneously separated from the formed bars after the solidification of the filling mass
by lifting out the bottom 8, substantially as described.
5. The arrangement of the bar-forming apparatus referred to in Claims 1 and 2, on
a trough-like underframe c which, in combination with a mouth-piece d'serves as a
clarifying apparatus for the formed wet bars, for which purpose plates c³ are arranged
so as to be capable of being raised and lowered in the hollow spaces of the framing,
which plates, when in their highest position, form the bottom for the filling spaces
of the bar-forming apparatus, whilst when they are in their lowest position, they
allow the clarifying agent to penetrate into the bars, substantially as described.
6. In combination with the bar-forming apparatus referred to in Claims 1 and 2,
a loosening apparatus for separating the solidified and clarified bars from the sur-
rounding tube parts and insertion parts, comprising a supported framing in which,
by the action of carriers driven by screw-spindles, first the surrounding tube is pushed
off to expose the bars, and then the insertion tubular body is pushed out from its
position between the bars, which bars (each thus exposed) are taken up by suitable
carrying frames, substantially as described.
7. The combination of the loosening apparatus referred to in Claim 6, with a drying
apparatus, characterized by carriers provided on the loosening apparatus which draw
the empty carrying frame out from a drying space, and push it into the drying space
again after the carrying frame has been charged with bars in the loosening apparatus
in the manner specified in Claim 6 substantially as described.

page_text: 8. In combination with the loosening and conveying apparatus specified in Claims
6 and 7, a drying apparatus for the reception of carrying frames charged with wet
bars, characterized by a closed tower-like casing which is traversed by an air current
and in which there is arranged a frame which is perforated on all sides and is caused
to rotate and also to move up and down, and the supporting surfaces of which are
arranged in helical lines which come step by step in front of a charging aperture of
the casing, first for the delivery of an empty carrying frame and for the immediate
taking up again of the same carrying frame which has been charged with wet bars by
the loosening apparatus, whilst the dried bars are removed from their carrying frame
through another emptying aperture provided in the casing so that always an
empty carrying frame comes in front of the charging aperture, substantially as
described.
9. In the drying apparatus specified in Claim 8:-(a) The device for raising the
frame in the casing in combination with the device for imparting rotary motion to the
said frame.
(b) The device for arresting the rotary motion of the frame, when a screw thread
is employed, by means of a spring bolt which enters holes formed in the outer surface
of the sorew thread (Fig. 19).
(c) The arrangement of the carrying frame with a central perforation and of a
covering plate q° provided with a similar perforation, which plate extends near to the
inner wall of the casing for the purpose of allowing the air entering from above to
pass through the compartments of the frame which are charged with sugar
bars.
10. Bar-forming apparatus constructed, arranged, and operating, substantially as
described with reference to and shown in Figs. 1 to 4 inclusive, or modified according
to Fig. 4, or Fig. 4, or Fig. 4°, or Fig. 4° of the drawings annexed.
11. Loosening apparatus constructed, arranged and operating substantially as
described with reference to and shown in Figs. 5 to 15 inclusive of the annexed
drawings.
12. Drying apparatus constructed, arranged and operating substantially as
described and shown in Figs. 16, 17 and 18, or alternatively according to Fig. 19, of
the annexed drawings."
13. Combined bar-forming, loosening, and drying apparatus substantially as herein-
before described and shown for the purpose set forth.
Dated this 9th day of June 1808
F. WISE HOWORTH,
46, Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, W.C., Agent for the Applicant.