A Portable Hydraulic Punch.
Year: 1895

page_text: Date of Application, 8th Jan., 1895
Complete Specification Left, 11th Feb., 1895-Accepted, 13th Apr., 1895
A Portable Hydraulic Punch.
I, ELIJAH BEANS CORNELL, of 922, North 19th Street, Philadelphia, in the
State of Pennsylvania, United States of America, Engineer, do hereby declare the
nature of this invention to be as follows:-
My invention relates to a hydraulic punch especially adapted for use in producing
apertures or openings in the webs of railway rails, or in metal beams, or in plates
of any description, and likewise adapted for use in structural, architectural, bridge,
or other iron work. The object of the invention is to provide a punch for the
above described work which will be compact, and portable, and capable of being
readily carried from place to place and attached to the beams or other iron
work to be punched when said work has been set up, it having been heretofore
necessary to carry the beams to the punch, the punch having been stationary. A
further object of the invention is to provide a portable punch which will be
hydraulically operated and whereby the punch will be not only hydraulically
forced through the metal but will be likewise hydraulically withdrawn therefrom,
the operation of withdrawing being accomplished in as expeditious and convenient
a manner as the operation of punching. A further object of the invention is to
provide a punch when desired which will possess all of the above named
characteristics with the exception of the punch being hydraulically withdrawn.
In carrying out the invention, what may be termed the frame of the punch is
shaped substantially as an inverted U, whereby a recess is provided between the
limbs adapted to receive the rail or other article to be operated on. A hand hole
is provided in the bow section of the frame whereby the machine may be carried
by hand from place to place in a convenient manner. The main cylinder is
preferably formed upon one face of the one limb of the frame and upon the same
face, forming ordinarily a portion of said cylinder, a valve box is provided and
immediately below this valve box is a valve chest while ordinarily upon the outer
face of the cylinder a reservoir is bolted or otherwise permanently secured. In
the lower portion of the said limb is a plunger cylinder, placed alongside of the
valve chest. The bore of the main or pumping cylinder is made to extend down
a predetermined distance in the valve box, and the said bore below its gland is of
greater diameter than that of the piston and the path of the bore is such that when
the piston is in its lowest position a space will remain between the bottom of the
bore and the bottom of the piston. A yoke is secured to the upper or outer end of
the piston and this yoke carries at its upper or bow portion a spring-controlled pin
or bolt which has bearing upon the upper edge of a lever having multiple recesses
produced in its under face to receive the upper end of the piston whereby the
leverage of the piston may be changed, and to that end the inner end of the lever
is pivotally connected with the frame through the medium of links.
The outer end of the plunger cylinder is closed preferably through the medium
of a screw cap provided with a polygonal opening in order that it may be
manipulated by a suitably formed wrench. The plunger, which is located in the
said cylinder, comprises a head adapted to have movement within the cylinder and
a stem which extends through an opening provided for that purpose in the inner
eud of said cylinder. The outer end of the stem of the said plunger is provided

page_text: with a socket which receives a punch and in the other limb of the frame, immediately
opposite the stem of the plunger, a bearing is provided for a die stock, the inner
wall of which bearing is provided with a series of longitudinal grooves or channels.
The die stock is of such diameter as to neatly fit into the bearing and it is provided
with a bore extending through from end to end, the inner end of the bore being
made to receive a die which in its turn receives the punchings produced by the
punch and also the end of the punch when necessary.
In order that the die stock shall be locked in its bearing in an expeditious and
convenient manner, the inner end of the die stock has a series of wings produced
longitudinally thereon, of a size and shape to enable them to readily pass through
the grooves in the bearing, and they are fitted in these grooves when the die stock
is to be placed in position in the frame. After the stock is placed it is given a
partial turn which will cause its wings to register with the ungrooved under wall
of its bearing and the stock is readily removed by means of a pin, bar, or suitable
tool, introduced in holes formed in its outer end to form a handle.
A vertical port is made in the valve chest at or near its inner end, which port
leads to, and connects with, a valve chamber in the valve box, containing a suction
valve which is normally held in its seat by means of a spring bearing constantly
upon its upper end.
The liquid employed is contained in a reservoir which is filled through the
medium of an opening in its top closed by a cap. Connected with the bottom of
the said reservoir is a pipe leading into the valve chest, the port with which it
communicates in the valve chest being at right angles to the inlet port. A port
leads from the suction valve chamber into the main cylinder near the bottom
thereof and a corresponding port leads out from the said main or pumping cylinder
into a valve chamber containing a discharge valve normally seated by means of a
spring. The latter valve chamber is at right angles to the suction valve chamber
and beneath both of these chambers and likewise beneath the pump or main cylinder
a port or channel is produced horizontally in the valve chest communicating at its
inner end with the inlet port. At its outer end the said port or channel com-
municates, by means of a short channel, with the bore of what may be termed
a cylinder formed in the lower portion of the valve chest, the latter cylinder being
adapted as a reversing cylinder. The reversing cylinder is provided with two
ports in communication with its bore, so placed that one of them will enter the back
portion of the plunger cylinder and the other the forward or inner portion. A
piston is fitted to slide in the bore of the reversing cylinder, the said piston being
provided with two heads so spaced with relation to the ports or channels that when
one of these channels or ports is in use in supplying the plunger cylinder the other
port or channel will be acting as a discharge, being cut off from communication
with the pump.
Both of these ports are in communication with the source of
supply and may be alternately brought in communication with the pump. In this
manner a perfect circulation is obtained and the punching mechanism
hydraulically operated both in punching and in withdrawing the punch. The
piston of the reversing cylinder is operated through the medium of a handle at its
outer end, as this piston extends beyond the outer end face of the valve chest.
Communication is established between the chamber of the discharge valve and
the reversing cylinder between the heads of its piston by means of a port or
channel.
In the operation of this form of the punch the reservoir having been charged
with liquid the frame is set in position over the beam to be punched and the
plunger being in its inner position the pump piston will be in its lower position
and the piston of the reversing cylinder will be in the position in which the
port communicating with the rear of the plunger is in communication with the
pump. When the lever in which the upper end of the pump piston is received,
is moved upward, the suction valve will be drawn up by suction against the
tension of its spring and the liquid contained in the inlet and fed thereto fron
the reservoir will thereupon enter the suction valve chamber and fill the ports or

page_text: channels and likewise the pump cylinder, it being understood also that at this time
the liquid will fill the horizontal discharge channel for the port of the reversing
cylinder and that the liquid will also be in front of the plunger and will fill the
space in front of the inner head of the reversing piston. Now, upon the down
stroke of the above mentioned lever, the suction valve will seat itself, the liquid
will be forced against the discharge valve, the said valve will be opened, and the
liquid will be forced down from the discharge valve chamber into the reversing
cylinder between the heads, and will enter under pressure the plunger cylinder at
the rear of the plunger, and said plunger will be forced outward and the punch
carried through the article to be operated upon. The liquid that was in front of
the plunger will have escaped through the port and the open inner end of the
reversing cylinder into the inlet from whence it will be forced back into the
reservoir.
In order to hydraulically withdraw the punch from the metal, the reversing
piston is pushed inward, and the port will now be placed in communication with
the discharge valve chamber, since it will be between the heads of the said reversing
cylinder, and the port communicating with the plunger cylinder at the rear of the
plunger will be in communication, through the medium of the respective channels,
with the inlet and consequently with the reservoir, while communication with the
discharge valve chamber will have been cut off. Upon moving the lever upward
the same action will take place as has been heretofore described, and upon the
downward movement of the lever the liquid will be forced into and from the
discharge valve chamber through the channel in the reversing cylinder between
the heads of its piston and through the port to the front of the plunger, forcing said
plunger inward, and the liquid at the back of the plunger will meanwhile escape,
as heretofore stated, through the medium of the respective channels or ports back
to the reservoir.
The outer ends of the several passages or ports extend through to the exterior
of the machine, and the ports are normally closed at their outer ends by plugs
preferably threaded. Thus all valve chambers to which such passages lead are
accessible for making repairs without taking the punch or pump apart; and in
addition to the punch being portable it is evident that all parts are accessible for
repairs.
In a modified form of punch the body is of the same U-shaped form, and one
member of the body is provided with a longitudinally-threaded bore adapted to
receive a screw shaft preferably provided at its outer end with a hand wheel or
the equivalent thereof. The inner end of the shaft is without a thread and is
provided with a socket adapted to hold a die which receives the material punched
from the article operated upon and the punch when passed through said article.
The opposite member of the body is made tubular from top to bottom, being
provided at its lower end with a horizontal chamber preferably circular in cross-
section adapted to receive a piston provided with a socket to receive a punch. The
outer portion of the piston at its centre is so shaped that a spring may be coiled
around it, having a bearing in a seat produced in the piston and the said spring
likewise has bearing against a collar which is provided with lugs at each end and
is attached to the inner end wall of the chamber through the medium of screws by
adjusting which more or less tension may be applied to the spring and consequently
the piston may be made to move rearward in its chamber with greater or less
velocity when its path is cleared. A large chamber is located above the chamber
above mentioned, adapted as a reservoir for the liquid used in the punch, and closed
by a cap. A plunger slides in a gland in the cap, said plunger carrying at its lower
end a suction valve and having movement in a chamber. communicating with the
bottom portion of the reservoir at its centre. The downwardly projecting central
portion of the cap is adapted as a guide for the suction valve when the plunger and
valve are in their upper position; and the said chamber last mentioned, which may
be termed an intermediate chamber, is adapted to receive the charge of fluid to be
forced against the piston by the valve and plunger upon their downward stroke.

page_text: The suction valve may be said to consist of a tubular head formed upon the
lower end of the plunger rod, the rod being provided with a longitudinal bore
leading into the concavity of the head and horizontal bores leading into the vertical
bore, the head being normally covered by a cap having an opening about centrally.
located in its bottom surface. A poppet valve is normally seated in the head
closing the outlet end of the bore by the action of a spring upon which the valve
rests. Between the receiving chamber and the piston chamber a delivery valve is.
located and this delivery valve comprises a casing having an opening connecting
with the chamber receiving, and openings connecting with the pistou chamber, the
valve being spring controlled and normally held against the discharge end of
the upper opening. A plug is preferably introduced into the chamber behind the
piston to afford access to the said chamber for purposes of cleaning and repair.
A port, preferably of angular shape, made to communicate with the piston
chamber and with the reservoir, and the port is normally closed by what may be
termed a needle valve, or the equivalent thereof, made in the nature of a screw, the
inner end of which is made to enter the port at the junction of its two branches
and when in this position the port is closed. The plunger is provided with a
horizontal head preferably rounded or cylindrical upon its upper surface and the
head near each end is made to rest upon springs located around guide posts-placed
upon the cover of the reservoir. Standards are likewise erected upon the cover of
the reservoir, provided with recesses in opposing surfaces.
The machine is provided with a handle in the nature of a lever and of any
desired length and provided at one end, which is preferably cylindrical, with
a T-head usually circular in cross-section, which is made to enter the recesses in
the standards. One or more cavities are made in the under surface of the handle
near its T-head, adapted to receive the cylindrical surface of the plunger head;
and thus the handle may be lengthened or shortened by causing the plunger head
to enter one or the other of the cavities and consequently carry the handle head to
a greater or less distance from the plunger head.
In the operation of this form of machine, the members of the body are placed one
at each side of the article to be operated upon, a beam for example, and the screw
shaft is manipulated until the die is against the beam and at the surface to be punched.
The handle is then pressed downward whereupon the liquid that was contained in
the intermediate chamber will be forced through the valve into the piston chamber
and the piston will be forced outward causing the punch carried thereby to enter
and pass through the beam. The valve will not permit any liquid to escape from
the piston chamber and when the suction valve is raised by the springs acting upon
the plunger the liquid contained in the reservoir will pass through the said valve
into the intermediate chamber ready to be driven through the delivery valve into
the piston chamber. As the piston is forced outward the spring is compressed or
put under tension and when it is desired to remove the punch from the beam the
needle valve is manipulated to clear the port, whereupon the liquid will escape
through the port into the reservoir as the spring will act to force the plunger back
into the chamber.
Either form of the punch may be made exceedingly simple and durable and it is
evident that either may be conveniently operated and expeditiously placed in
position and that the body or frame may be given any shape best adapted for
application to the article upon which it is to be operated.
Dated this 8th day of January 1895.
A. M. & WM. CLARK,
53, Chancery Lane, London, Chartered Patent Agents.

page_text: A Portable Hydraulic Punch.
I, ELIJAH BEANS CORNELL, of 922, North 19th Street, Philadelphia, in the
State of Pennsylvania, United States of America, Engineer, do hereby declare the
nature of this invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
My invention relates to a hydraulic punch especially adapted for use in producing
apertures or openings in the webs of railway rails, or in metal beams, or in plates
of any description, and likewise adapted for use in structural, architectural, bridge,
and other iron work. The object of the invention is to provide a punch for the
above described work, which will be compact and portable and capable of being
readily carried from place to place and attached to the beams or other iron work
to be punched when said work has been set up, it having been heretofore necessary
to carry the beams to the punch, the punch having been stationary. A further
object of the invention is to provide a portable punch which will be hydraulically
operated, and whereby the punch will be not only hydraulically forced through the
metal, but will be likewise hydraulically withdrawn therefrom, the operation of
withdrawing being accomplished in as expeditious and convenient a manner as the
operation of punching. A further object of the invention is to provide a punch,
when desired, which will possess all of the above-named characteristics with the
exception of the punch being hydraulically withdrawn.
The invention consists in the novel construction and combination of the several
parts, as will be hereinafter fully set forth and pointed out in the claims.
Reference is to be had to the accompanying drawings forming a part of this
Specification, in which similar figures and letters of reference indicate corresponding
parts in all the views.
Figure 1 is a side elevation of the improved punch, illustrating a rail in section
to be operated upon;
Figure 2 is an end view of the punch;
Figure 3 is a view taken substantially on the line 3-3 of Figure 2;
Figure 4 is a horizontal section taken substantially on the line 4-4 of
Figure 3;
Figure 5 is a transverse section taken through the die stock and its bed, the said
section being taken substantially on the line 5-5 of Figure 4;
Figure 6 is a partial side elevation and partial vertical section of a slightly
modified form of the punch shown in Figure 1; and
Figure 7 is an end view of the punch, the lever being in section, the section
being taken on the line 7-7 of Figure 6.
In carrying out the invention what may be termed the frame A of the punch is
shaped substantially as an inverted U, the limbs being designated respectively as a
and a. Under this formation a recess 10 is provided adapted to receive the
rail B, or other article to be operated upon.
In the bow section of the frame a hand
hole 11 is ordinarily produced, whereby the machine may be carried by hand from
place to place in a convenient manner. The main cylinder C is preferably formed
upon one face of the limb a¹ of the frame, and upon the same face forming
ordinarily a portion of said cylinder a valve box E is provided, and immediately
below this valve box a valve chest F is constructed, while ordinarily upon the
outer face of the cylinder Ca reservoir D is bolted or otherwise permanently
secured.
In the lower portion of the said limb a' a plunger cylinder G is constructed, the
said plunger cylinder being alongside of the valve chest F, as shown in Figures 3
and 4. The bore 12 of the main or pumping cylinder C is made to extend down
a predetermined distance in the valve box E, as shown in Figure 3, and the said

page_text: bore below its giand 12 is of greater diameter than that of the piston 13, and the
path of the bore is such that when the piston is in its lowest position a space 14 will
remain between the bottom of the bore and the bottom of the piston, as is likewise
shown in Figure 3.
A yoke 15 is secured to the upper or outer end of the piston 13, and this yoke
carries at its upper or bow portion a spring-controlled pin or bolt 16, which has
bearing upon the upper edge of a lever 17, having multiple recesses 18 produced in
its under face to receive the upper end of the piston 13, whereby the leverage of
the piston may be changed, and to that end the inner end of the lever 17 is
pivotally connected with the frame A through the medium of links 19.
The outer end of the plunger cylinder G is closed preferably through the medium
of a screw cap 21 provided with a polygonal opening in order that it may be
manipulated by a suitably formed wrench.
A plunger 22, which is located in the said cylinder G, comprises a head 22"
adapted to have movement within the cylinder, and a stein 22, which extends
through an opening provided for that purpose in the inner end of said cylinder, as
shown in Figure 4. The outer end of the stem of the said plunger is provided
with a socket which receives a punch 23, and in the limb a of the frame, immediately
opposite the stem of the plunger 22 a bearing 24 is provided for a die stock H,
and the inner wall of the bearing 24 is provided with a series of longitudinal
grooves or channels 25, as best shown in Figure 5. The main body of the die
stock H is of such diameter as to neatly fit into the bearing 24, and the said die
stock is provided with a bore 26, extending through from end to end, the inner end
of the bore being made to receive a die 27, which in its turu receives the punchings
produced by the punch 23, and also the end of the punch when necessary.
In order that the die stock shall be locked in its bearing in an expeditious and
convenient manner, the inner end of the die stock has a series of wings 28 formed
longitudinally thereon, the wings being of a size and shape to enable them to
readily pass through the grooves 25 in the bearing, and they are fitted in these
grooves when the die stock is to be placed in position in the frame. After the
stock is placed it is given a partial turn, which will cause its wings 28 to register
with the ungrooved under wall of its bearing, and the stock is readily removed by
producing in its outer end openings 29, into which a pin, bar, or suitable tool may
be introduced to form a handle. A vertical port 30 is made in the valve chest f
at or near its inner end, as shown best in Figure 3, and the said port leads to and
connects with a valve chamber 31, produced in like manner in the valve box E, as
shown in the same figure.
The valve 32 located in the chamber 31, which valve is a suction valve, and is
normally held in its seat by means of a spring 33 having bearing constantly upon
its upper end. A reservoir D is adapted to contain the liquid employed, and it is
filled through the medium of an opening in its top closed by a cap d. A pipe 34
is connected with the Lottom of the said reservoir and leads into the valve chest,
as shown in Figures 1 and 2, and the port 34" with which it communicates in the
valve chest. at right-angles to the inlet port 30, and the blind end of this port 34*
is shown in Figure 3.
A port 35 leads from the suction valve chamber 31 into the main cylinder C
near the bottom thereof, and a corresponding port 35 leads out from the said
main or pumping cylinder C into the valve chamber 36 in which the discharge
valve 37 is located, and normally seated by means of a spring. 38.
The valve chamber 36 is at right angles to the valve chamber 31, and beneath
both of these chambers, and likewise beneath the pump or main cylinder C, a
port or chanuel 39 is produced horizontally in the valve chest F, and this port
or channel communicates at its inner end with the inlet port or chanuel 30, as shown
in Figure 3.
At its outer end the port or channel 39 communicates by means of a short
channel 39 with the bore 40 of what may be termed a cylinder F', formed in
the lower portion of the valve chest, the latter cylinder being adapted as
a

page_text: reversing cylinder. The reversing cylinder F1 is provided with two ports 41
and 42 in communication with its bore, so placed that one of them will enter
the back portion of the plunger cylinder G and the other the forward or inner
portion as shown in Figure 4. A piston 43 is fitted to slide in the bore 40 of
the reversing cylinder F, the said piston being provided with two heads 44
and 45 so spaced with relation to the ports or channels 41 and 42 that when
one of these channels or ports is in use in supplying the plunger cylinder the
other port or chanuel will be acting as a discharge, being cut off from co.umuni-
cation with the pump.
Both of these ports 41 and 42 are in communication with the source of supply,
and may be alternately brought in communication with the pump.
In this manner
a perfect circulation is obtained, and the punching mechanism is hydraulically
operated both in punching and in withdrawing the punch.
The piston of the reversing cylinder is operated through the medium of a
handle 46 located at its outer end, as this piston extends beyond the outer end face
of the valve chest. Communication is established between the chamber of the
discharge valve and the reversing cylinder between the heads of its piston by means
of a port or channel 47, shown in dotted lines in. Figures 2 and 3, and in section in
Figure 4.
In the operation of this form of the punch the reservoir D having been charged
with liquid, the frame is set in position over the beam to be punched, and the
plunger 22 being in its inner position the pump piston 13 will be in its lower
position, as shown in Figure 3, and the piston of the reversing cylinder will be in
the position shown in the same figure, in which the port 42 communicating with the
rear of the plunger 22 is in communication with the pump. When the lever 17 is
moved upward the valve 32 will be drawn up by suction against the tension of
its spring 33, and the liquid contained in the inlet 30, and fed thereto from the
reservoir will thereupon enter the suction valve chamber 31 and fill the ports or
channels 35 and 35° and likewise the pump cylinder, it being understood also that
at this time the liquid will fill the horizontal discharge channel 39 for the port 42,
and that the liquid will also be in front of the plunger 22 and will fill the space in
front of the inner head 44 of the reversing piston.
Now upon the down stroke of the lever 17 the suction valve will seat itself, the
liquid will be forced against the discharge valve the said valve will be opened, and
the liquid will be forced from the discharge valve chamber through the channel or
port 47 into the reversing cylinder between the heads 44 and 45, and will enter
under pressure the plunger cylinder G at the rear of the plunger, passing through the
port 42, and said plunger will be forced outward and the punch carried through the
article to be operated upon. The liquid that was in front of the plunger 22 will
have escaped through the port 41 and the open inner end of the reversing cylinder
into the inlet 30, from whence it will be forced back into the reservoir.
In order to hydraulically withdraw the punch from the metal the reversing
piston 43 is pushed inward to the position shown in Figure 4, and the port 41 will
now be placed in communication with the discharge valve chamber, since it will be
between the heads 44 and 45 of the said reversing cylinder, and the port 42
communicating with the plunger cylinder at the rear of the plunger will be in
communication, through the medium of the chanuels 39 and 39, with the inlet 30
and consequently with the reservoir, while communication with the discharge valve
chamber will have been cut off.
Upon moving the lever 17 upward, the same action will take place as has been
heretofore described, and upon the downward movement of the lever the liquid will
be forced into and from the discharge valve chamber through the channel 47 in the
reversing cylinder between the heads of its piston and through the port 41 to the
front of the plunger 22, forcing said plunger inward, and the liquid at the back of
the plunger will meanwhile escape, as heretofore stated, through the medium of the
channels or ports 39 and 39 back to the reservoir.
The outer ends of the several passages or ports extend through to the exterior

page_text: of the machine, and the ports are normally closed at their outer ends by plugs 48
preferably threaded. Thus all valve chambers to which such passages lead are
accessible for making repairs without taking the punch or pump apart; and in
addition to the punch being portable it is evident that all parts are accessible for
repairs.
With reference to the form of punch shown in Figures 6 and 7, the body A¹ is
of the same U-shaped form, being provided at the top of its bow portion with a
hand hold 49. One member of the body is provided with a longitudinally threaded
hore adapted to receive a screw shaft 50, which shaft may be and preferably is
provided at its outer end with a hand wheel 51, or the equivalent thereof; but the
inner end of the shaft is without a thread, and is provided with a socket 52, adapted
to hold a die 53, which receives the material punched from the article operated
upon and the punch when passed through said article. The opposite member of
the body is made tubular from top to bottom, being provided at its lower end with
a horizontal chamber 54, preferably circular in cross section, the said chamber
being adapted to receive a piston 56, which is fitted to slide in the chamber. This
piston is provided with a socket to receive a punch 57, as shown in Figure 6, and
the outer portion of the piston at its centre is so shaped that a spring 58 may be
coiled around it, the spring having a bearing in a seat 59 produced in the piston,
and the said spring likewise has bearing against a collar 60, which collar is provided
with lugs at each end, and is attached to the inner end wall of the chamber 54
through the medium of screws 61, as shown in dotted lines in Figure 6, and by
adjusting these screws more or less tension may be applied to the spring 58, and
consequently the piston may be made to move rearward in its chamber with greater
or less velocity when its path is cleared.
A large chamber 62 is located above the chamber 54, being adapted as a
reservoir for the liquid used in the punch. The reservoir or upper chamber 62 is
substantially closed by a cap 63, which cap is located at the upper end of the
chamber and extends downward within the same usually at the centre, as shown in
the said Figure 6.
A plunger rod 64 is held to slide in gland 65 located in the cap 63, and the said
plunger rod carries at its lower end a suction valve seat, the said plunger having
movement in a chamber 67 communicating with the bottom portion of the reser-
voir 62 at its centre. The downwardly projecting central portion of the cap 63 is
adapted as a guide for the suction valve seat; and the said chamber 67, which may
be termed an intermediate chamber is adapted to receive the charge of fluid to be
forced against the piston 56 by the valve and plunger upon their downward stroke.
The suction valve seat may be said to consist of a tubular head 68 formed upon
the lower end of the plunger rod, the rod being provided with a longitudinal
bore 69, leading into the concavity of the head, and horizontal bores 70 leading
into the vertical bore, the head being normally covered by a cap 71 having an
opening 72 about centrally located in its bottom surface. The valve 73 shown in
the drawing is a poppet valve, and is normally seated in the head, closing the outlet
end of the bore 69, by the action of a spring upon which the valve rests. Between
the receiving chamber 67 and the piston chamber 54 a delivery valve 74 is located,
and this delivery valve comprises a casing having an opening 75 connecting with the
chamber 67, and openings 76 connecting with the piston chamber 54, the valve 77
being spring controlled and normally held against the discharge end of the upper
opening 75.
A plug 78 is preferably introduced into the chamber 54 back of the
piston 56, and when the said plug is removed access may be had to the said
chamber for purposes of cleansing and repair.
A port 79, preferably of angular shape, is made to communicate with the piston
chamber 54 and with the reservoir 62, and the port is normally closed by what may
be termed a needle valve 80, or the equivalent thereof, made in the nature of a
screw, the inner end of which is made to enter the port 79 at the junction of its two
branches, as shown in Figure 7, and when in this position the port 79 is closed.
The plunger rod 64 is provided with a horizontal head 81, preferably rounded or

page_text: cylindrical upon its upper surface, and the head near each end is made to rest upon
springs 82, located around guide posts 83 placed upon the cover 63 of the reservoir.
Standards 84 are likewise erected upon the cover of the reservoir, and the said
standards are provided with recesses 85 in opposing surfaces, as shown in both
Figures 6 and 7. A handle 86 is in the nature of a lever, and may be of any
desired length, but it is provided at one end, which is preferably cylindrical, with a
T-head 87, usually circular in cross section, and the said head is made to enter the
recesses 85 in the standards.
One or more cavities 88, are made in the under surface of the handle near its
T-head, the said cavities being adapted to receive the cylindrical surface of the
plunger head 81; and thus the handle may be lengthened or shortened by causing
the plunger head to enter one or the other of the cavities 88, and consequently carry
the handle head to a greater or less distance from the plunger head.
In the operation of this form of the machine the members of the body are placed
one at each side of the article to be operated upon, a beam, for example, and the
screw shaft 50 is manipulated until the die 53 is against the beam and at the surface
to be punched. The handle is then pressed downward, whereupon the liquid that
was contained in the intermediate chamber 67 will be forced through the valve 74
into the piston chamber 54, and the piston will be forced outward, causing the
punch carried thereby to enter and pass through the beam.
The valve 77 will not permit any liquid to escape from the piston chamber 54,
and when the valve scat 68 is raised by the springs acting upon the plunger rod,
the liquid contained in the reservoir will pass through the said valve seat into the
intermediate chamber 67, ready to be driven through the delivery valve into the
piston chamber. As the piston is forced outward the spring 58 is compressed or
put under tension, and when it is desired to remove the punch from the beam the
needle valve 80 is manipulated to clear the port 79, whereupon the liquid will
escape through the port into the reservoir 62, as the spring will act to force the
plunger back into its chamber.
Either form of the punch herein shown may be made exceedingly simple and
durable, and it is evident that either may be conveniently operated and expedi-
tiously placed in position, and that the body or frame may be given any shape best
adapted for application to the article upon which it is to be operated.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is,
1. A hydraulic punch, constructed substantially as herein shown and described.
2. A punch, having its withdrawing mechanism hydraulically operated, substan-
tially as described.
3. A punch having its punching mechanism hydraulically operated both in
advancing and in receding, substantially as shown and described.
4. In a punch, valve chambers provided with passages leading thereto and
extending through to the exterior of the machine, and removable plugs normally
closing the outer ends of the said passages, substantially as and for the purpose set
forth.
5. In a hydraulic punch, the combination with a pump, its suction and discharge
valves, and a reservoir connected with the suction valve, of a plunger adapted to
carry a tool, a reversing cylinder, connections, substantially as shown and described,
between the reversing cylinder and the casing of the plunger, and means, substan-
tially as described, for establishing a return of the liquid from the path of the
plunger to the reservoir as the liquid from the pump is forced upon the plunger to
operate the same, as and for the purpose specified.
6. In a hydraulic punch, the combination with a reservoir, a pump, its suction
and discharge valves, and a connection between the suction valve and the reservoir,
of a plunger adapted to carry a punch, a reversing cylinder provided with ports
leading into the space opposite both front and rear of said plunger, the said
B

page_text: reversing cylinder being in connection with the feed from the reservoir, the piston
of the cylinder being adapted to cut off one port from connection with the pump
when the other port
opened to operate the plunger, and a connection between the
cylinder and the discharge valve of the pump, as and for the purpose specified.
7. In a hydraulic punch, the combination, with a pump, its suction and discharge
valves, a reservoir, and a connection between the reservoir and the discharge valve,
a cylinder, and a plunger located in the said cylinder and adapted to carry a punch,
of a reversing cylinder having connections with the feed of the reservoir and
provided with two ports, leading one to the rear and the other to the front of the
said plunger, the piston of the cylinder being provided with two heads operating
to alternately close communication between alternate ports and the pump, and a
communication, substantially as described, between the discharge valve and the
reversing cylinder, the communication being made with the cylinder between the
heads of its piston, as and for the purpose set forth.
8. In a hydraulic punch, a pump the valves of which are spring-seated, whereby
said valves do not close on suction, as and for the purpose specified.
9. The combination, with a cylinder, a plunger operating therein and adapted to
carry a tool, a reservoir, and a reversing cylinder in connection with the plunger
cylinder at each side of the plunger, being likewise in communication with the
reservoir near each of its ends, of a pump connected with the reservoir, and a
connection between the discharge of the pump and the reversing cylinder near its
points of connection with the plunger cylinder, as and for the purpose set forth.
10. In a punch, the combination, with the frame thereof, the said frame being
provided with a bearing having grooves therein, of a die stock adapted to be held
in said hearing and provided at one of its ends with wings fitted to enter and to
travel in the grooves of the said bearing, substantially as and for the purpose set
forth.
11. In a hydraulic punch, a spring-controlled piston adapted to carry a punch,
and means, substantially as shown and described, for forcing liquid back of the
piston to impart movement thereto in one direction, as and for the purpose specified.
12. In a hydraulic punch, a piston adapted to carry a punch, a spring exerting
constant tension upon the piston in one direction, a plunger, and receiving and
delivery valves adapted to convey liquid under pressure to the piston, which liquid
exerts pressure thereon in a direction opposite to the tension of the spring,
substantially as shown and described.
13. In a hydraulic punch, a piston, a spring controlling the same, a reservoir
adapted to contain liquid and located above the chamber in which the piston has
movement, a chamber intermediate of the piston chamber and reservoir, a plunger
having movement in the intermediate chamber and provided with a valve, a delivery
valve located also in the intermediate chamber, and a valve duct connecting the
piston chamber with the reservoir, substantially as shown and described.
14. A hydraulic punch comprising a body having a recess in its lower edge to
straddle a rail, a die in one wall of said recess, a horizontal chamber in the opposite
wall, a piston mounted in said chamber, having a punch socket or holder opposite
said die, a vertical chamber communicating at its lower end through a check valve
with said horizontal chamber and having a reservoir communicating with its upper
end, a valved plunger in the said vertical chamber to permit liquid to flow past this
valve into said chamber, a plunger rod extending upwardly through the gland, and
an operating mechanism connected with its upper end, substantially as set forth.
15. In a hydraulic punch, the combination, with the punch piston, of a coiled
spring bearing thereon and pressing it inwardly, and an adjustable external head
for regulating the tension of the spring and having an opening for the outer end of
the piston to work through, substantially as described.
16. The combination, with the plunger rod having a cross piece at its upper end,
and springs on which said cross piece rests, of the spaced standards parallel with and
to one side of the said plunger rod and provided with transverse grooves or recesses
in their adjacent faces, and the operating lever having fulcrum lugs working in said

page_text: grooves or recesses and provided in its lower edge with a plurality of notches or
bearings to receive the upper edge of the said cross bar, substantially as set forth.
17. A hydraulic punch comprising a U-shaped body, a screw extending trans-
versely through one leg of the body, and a transverse chamber in the opposite leg,
a piston working in said chamber and having a reduced outer end having a punch
socket or holder, and an external spring provided with a tension-regulating scat or
head, a vertical chamber having a valved communication at its lower end with said
transverse chamber, the valved plunger, and its operating mechanism, substantially
as set forth.
Dated the 11th day of February 1895.
A. M. & WM. CLARK,
53, Chancery Lane, London, Chartered Patent Agents.