IMPROVE- MENTS IN HYDRAULIC PRESSES FOR COMPRESSING COTTON AND SUBSTANCES
Year: 1865

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to George Peel, junior, of the Firm of Messieurs Peel,
Williams, and Peel, of the Soho Foundry, in the City of Manchester,
Engineers, and Isaac Mason, late of Bombay, at present residing at
Sale, in the County of Chester, Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN HYDRAULIC PRESSES FOR COMPRESSING COTTON AND
SUBSTANCES."
OTHER
Sealed the 24th October 1865, and dated the 5th May 1865.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said George Peel and Isaac
Mason at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition,
on the 5th May 1865.
We, GEORGE PEEL, junior, of the Firm of Messieurs Peel, Williams, and
Peel, of the Soho Foundry, in the City of Manchester, Engineers, and ISAAC
MASON, late of Bombay, at present residing at Sale, in the County of Chester,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN HYDRAULIC PRESSES FOR COMPRESSING COTTON AND OTHER SUBSTANCES,"
to be as follows:-
Our Invention is particularly applicable to pressing cotton or other sub-
stances requiring a light pressure at the commencement, and a great pressure
to complete the operation.
In the application of our Invention we employ a compound hydraulic press
with three cylinders, two of which are comparatively small in diameter, and
furnished with long rams attached to or acting upon each end of the follower

page_text: to give the requisite pressure at the commencement, while the third cylinder
is of a large diameter, and furnished with a short ram acting on the centre of
the follower to give the final compression. The large cylinder with the short
ram is mounted on slides or rollers, and it is moved to and fro by racks and
pinions, or screw and nut, or other equivalents worked by hand or other
power, so as to bring the cylinder and ram under the follower, or to one side
when required. In working with this improved press the large cylinder and
ram is moved to one side, and the follower is brought up by the two smaller
rams until the under side thereof is above the level of the large cylinder and
ram, the large cylinder and ram are then moved under the follower, and the
final compression is given by the action of the large ram.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said George Peel and Isaac Mason in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 3rd November 1865.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, GEORGE
PEEL, junior, of the Firm of Messieurs Peel, Williams, and Peel, of the Soho
Foundry, in the City of Manchester, Engineers, and ISAAC MASON, late of
Bombay, at present residing at Sale, in the County of Chester, Engineer, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Fifth day of May, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and sixty-five, in the twenty-eighth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto us,
the said George Peel and Isaac Mason, Her special license that we, the
said George Peel and Isaac Mason, our executors, administrators, and
assigns, or such others as we, the said George Peel and Isaac Mason,
our executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with,
and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend,
within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN HYDRAULIC PRESSES
FOR COMPRESSING COTTON AND OTHER SUBSTANCES," upon the condition (amongst
others) that we, the said George Peel and Isaac Mason, our executors or
administrators, by an instrument in writing under our, or their, or one of our or
their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of
the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and

page_text: cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said George Peel and Isaac Mason,
do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in .and
by the following statement, that is to say :-
Our Invention is particularly applicable to pressing cotton or other sub-
stances requiring a light pressure at the commencement, and a great pressure
to complete the operation.
In the application of our Invention we employ a compound hydraulic press
with three cylinders, two of which are comparatively small in diameter, and
furnished with long rams attached to or acting upon each end of the follower
to give the requisite pressure at the commencement, while the third cylinder
is of a large diameter and furnished with a short ram acting on the centre of
the follower to give the final compression. The large cylinder with the short
ram is mounted on slides or rollers, and it is moved to and fro by racks and
pinions, or screw and nut, or other equivalents worked by hand or other
power, so as to bring the cylinder and ram under the follower, or to one side
when required. In working with this improved press, the large cylinder and
ram are moved to one side, and the follower is brought up by the two smaller
rams until the under side thereof is above the level of the large cylinder and
ram; the large cylinder and ram are then moved under the follower, and the
final compression is given by the action of the large ram.
And in order that our Invention may be fully understood and readily
carried into operation, we will proceed to describe the accompanying two
Sheets of Drawings, reference being had to the figures and letters marked
thereon.
On Sheet 1, Figure 1 is a front elevation, Figure 2, an end view, and
Figure 3, a plan in section of our improved hydraulic press.
a is the bed plate, connected in the usual manner by the columns b, b, to
the press head c; the follower works up and down in the trunk or box e,
which is provided above with doors, as in cotton presses of the ordinary con-
struction. To the bed plate a are fixed the cylinders f, f, for the long
rams g, g, the upper ends of which are attached to or act upon each end of
the follower to give the requisite pressure at the commencement. To the
columns are fixed the brackets h, which support the short cylinder i, shewn
by dotted lines in Figure 2; in this cylinder works the ram j, the area of which
is much larger than that of the two rams g. The plate k is bolted to the
cylinder i, as shewn best in Figure 3, and the plate k is connected by the bars / to

page_text: the plate m. The cylinder i is moved to and fro on the brackets h, by means
of the hand wheel n, fixed on the same shaft as the pinion o, gearing into the
wheel P; this wheel gears into the wheel q. To the axles of the wheels p
and q are fixed the chain'drums p¹ and q', around which chains are coiled in
such wise that while one chain is unwound the other is wound on, these
chains being fixed to opposite sides of the cylinder i; it is evident that by
turning round the hand wheel n the cylinder i is moved into its required posi-
tion. We wish to observe that instead of the machinery shewn, the cylinder
may be moved by racks and pinions, or by a screw and nut, or by hydraulic
pressure, as hereafter described, or other suitable means, worked either by
hand or power. The water under pressure is forced into the cylinders f and i
by force pumps of the usual construction, which are in communication with
the pipes and s, the latter for connecting the pumps to the cylinder i swivels
on a union joint, furnished with cupped leathers, to allow the said cylinder
to be moved under the follower, as shewn in Fig. 3, or to one side, as shewn
in Figure 2.
The mode of operation is as follows:- Before starting the press the
follower is down at the bottom of the trunk or box e, which is then supposed
to be filled, and when all the doors have been closed and secured, the water
under pressure is admitted to the cylinders f,f, the small rams 9, 9, then
acting on the follower raise it rapidly, until the under side thereof is above
the level of the large cylinder i, which is then moved laterally on the slides h,
to bring the ram j under the centre of the follower, which is then raised by
the action of the large ram, and the small rams g are also taken up with the
follower. By this arrangement, when the resistance of the cotton or other
substance to be compressed is small, the follower is raised rapidly by the
action of the small rams g, g; but at the last the final compression is given
by the action of the large ram j, by this means a considerable saving is
effected in time and in the weight of parts of the press. As soon as the final
compression has been given, and while the bale is being bound or corded, the
ram is lowered in the cylinder i, which is moved to one side, as shewn in
Figure 2, to allow the follower with the two small rams g, which had remained
in position, to descend for the next operation; at this time the plate m forms
a portion of one side of the trunk or box e, and the side of the cylinder i the
other side, as shewn in Figure 2.
On Sheet 2, Figures 4, 5, and 6, represent part of the press shewn in
Sheet 1, with the mode of applying hydraulic power to moving the cylinder i
and ram to and fro. To the plate k are fixed the two brackets v, and to a
cross head connecting these brackets is secured the end of the piston rod w,

page_text: fitting in the cylinder ; the piston fixed to the rod w is worked to and fro in
the cylinder & by water under pressure, supplied alternately to each end by
the pipes y, which are in communication with suitable valves, as shewn in
the Drawing.
Having thus stated the nature of our Invention, and described the manner
of performing the same, we declare that we claim the improved compound
hydraulic press described, and the application of a moveable cylinder to
hydraulic presses, in the manner and for the purposes set forth.
In witness whereof, we, the said George Peel, junior, and Isaac Mason,
have hereto set our hands and seals, the Thirty-first day of October,
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-five..
GEORGE PEEL, J*. (L.S.)
ISAAC MASON.
(L.S.)
GEORGE PEEL, J³B. (L.S.)
ISAAC MASON.
(L.S.)