IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR LAYING TELEGRAPHIC OR GALVANIC WIRES IN THE EARTH
Year: 1852

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Admiral the Earl of Dundonald, of the
Belgrave Road, in the County of Middlesex, for the Invention
of "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR LAYING TELEGRAPHIC OR
GALVANIC WIRES IN THE EARTH."
Sealed the 17th January 1853, and dated the 13th November 1852.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Earl of Dun-
donald at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his
Petition, on the 13th November 1852.
I, Admiral the Earl of DUNDONALD, of the Belgrave Road, in
the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR LAYING TELEGRAPHIC OR
GALVANIC WIRES IN THE EARTH" to be as follows:-
This apparatus consists in a suitable carriage, having a cutter or
coulter for vertically parting the earth, and an horizontal tool
attached thereto, similar to that of a drain plough, whereby an
aperture or channel is formed. From the upper and foremost part
of the carriage a tube descends obliquely to the after part of the
tool, through which oblique tube covered telegraphic or electric

page_text: wire may be introduced, and continuously deposited in the channel
or aperture, as it is formed by the progressive or onward movement
of the apparatus, whether used on dry land or under water, by
animal force or dragged by mechanical power afloat.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters
Patent, filed by the said Earl of Dundonald in the Great Seal
Patent Office on the 11th May 1853.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I,
Admiral the Earl of DUNDONALD, of the Belgrave Road, in the
County of Middlesex, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent bearing date the Thirteenth day of November, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty two, in the
sixteenth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and
successors, give and grant unto me, the said Earl of Dundonald,
Her special license that I, the said Earl of Dundonald, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Earl of
Dundonald, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any
time agree with, and no others, from time to time, and at all times
thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully
might make, use, exercise, and vend within the United Kingdom of
Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR LAYING TELEGRAPHIC OR
GALVANIC WIRES IN THE EARTH," upon the condition (amongst others)
that I, the said Earl of Dundonald, by an instrument in writing
under my hand and seal, should particularly describe and ascertain
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was
to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal
Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after
the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Earl of Dundonald, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the

page_text: same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement thereof (that is to say):
This apparatus consists in a suitable carriage, having a cutter or
coulter for vertically parting the earth, and an horizontal tool
attached thereto, similar to that of a drain plough, whereby an
aperture or channel is formed. From the upper and foremost part
of the carriage a tube descends obliquely to the after part of the
tool, through which oblique tube covered telegraphic or electric wire
may be introduced, and continuously deposited in the channel or
aperture, as it is formed by the progressive or onward movement of
the apparatus, whether used on dry land or under water, by animal
force, or dragged by mechanical power afloat.
In order to the better understanding of the nature of my said
carriage, coulter, and tool (which I call a telegraphic plough), I
annex figures and references.
Figure 1, shews a beam of wood or other material, A, B, whereby
to maintain the apparatus in a position parallel to the surface along
which it may be moved. E, D, is the coulter or cutter; and C, F,
the tool, resembling that of a drain plough; and F, F, is the tube
through which the coated and insulated wire descends, and is de-
posited in the aperture or channel F, G, as the tool and carriage
advance. A wheel K, K, centred at H, may be added to support
part or the whole weight of the carriage.
Figure 2, is a frame on wheels, having one or more drums or reels
L, M, on its axle, whereon the coated and insulated wire to be laid
down is coiled. This frame on wheels may be made an intermediate
means of communicating to the apparatus.
The deposition or laying down of wire under water by the plough,
and subtituting a vessel for the frame on wheels, require no further
explanation by reference to figures or delineations. The wire and
its coating, however ponderous the latter may be, can thereon be
coiled with convenience, especially if placed in an open vessel towed
by steam power. It is also obvious that such a vessel may either
receive motion from a current in a river, from the flux and reflux
of the tides, from horses, or from locomotive engines. Telegraphic

page_text: wires may thus be laid down by the electric plough with such
facility and speed, wherever the bottom is soft or moveable, as far to
exceed the utmost efforts to establish communication on land.
Wire so embedded does not require the costly envelopes requisite
when it is loosely deposited upon the submerged surface of the
earth.
The carriage may be towed (or connected) by a hollow rope,
through or alongside of which the coated iron may be conducted to
the tube F, F, and deposited in F, G.
In witness whereof, I, the said Earl of Dundonald, have
hereunto set my hand and seal, this Fifth day of May, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-
three
Witness,
S. CARPMAEL.
DUNDONALD. (L.S.).

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Admiral the Earl of Dundonald, of the
Belgrave Road, in the County of Middlesex, for the Invention
of "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR LAYING TELEGRAPHIC OR:
GALVANIC WIRES IN THE EARTH."
Sealed the 17th January 1853, and dated the 13th November 1852.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said. Earl of Dun-
donald at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his
Petition, on the 13th November 1852.
I, Admiral the Earl of DUNDONALD, of the Belgrave Road, in
the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR LAYING TELEGRAPHIC OR
GALVANIC WIRES IN THE EARTH " to be as follows:-
This apparatus consists in a suitable carriage, having a cutter or
coulter for vertically parting the earth, and an horizontal tool
attached thereto, similar to that of a drain plough, whereby an
aperture or channel is formed. From the upper and foremost part
of the carriage a tube descends obliquely to the after part of the
tool, through which oblique tube covered telegraphic or electric

page_text: wire may be introduced, and continuously deposited in the channel
or aperture, as it is formed by the progressive or onward movement
of the apparatus, whether used on dry land or under water, by
animal force or dragged by mechanical power afloat.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters
Patent, filed by the said Earl of Dundonald in the Great Seal
Patent Office on the 11th May 1853.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I,
Admiral the Earl of DUNDONALD, of the Belgrave Road, in the
County of Middlesex, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent bearing date the Thirteenth day of November, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty two, in the
sixteenth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and
successors, give and grant unto me, the said Earl of Dundonald,
Her special license that I, the said Earl of Dundonald, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Earl of
Dundonald, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any
time agree with, and no others, from time to time, and at all times
thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully
might make, use, exercise, and vend within the United Kingdom of
Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR LAYING TELEGRAPHIC OR
GALVANIC WIRES IN THE EARTH," upon the condition (amongst others.)
that I, the said Earl of Dundonald, by an instrument in writing
under my hand and seal, should particularly describe and ascertain
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was
to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal
Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after
the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Earl of Dundonald, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the

page_text: same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement thereof (that is to say):
This apparatus consists in a suitable carriage, having a cutter or
coulter for vertically parting the earth, and an horizontal tool
attached thereto, similar to that of a drain plough, whereby an
aperture or channel is formed. From the upper and foremost part
of the carriage a tube descends obliquely to the after part of the
tool, through which oblique tube covered telegraphic or electric wire
may be introduced, and continuously deposited in the channel or
aperture, as it is formed by the progressive or onward movement of
the apparatus, whether used on dry land or under water, by animal
force, or dragged by mechanical power afloat.
In order to the better understanding of the nature of my said
carriage, coulter, and tool (which I call a telegraphic plough), I
annex figures and references.
Figure 1, shews a beam of wood or other material, A, B, whereby
to maintain the apparatus in a position parallel to the surface along
which it may be moved. E, D, is the coulter or cutter; and C, F,
the tool, resembling that of a drain plough; and F, F, is the tube
through which the coated and insulated wire descends, and is de-
posited in the aperture or channel F, G, as the tool and carriage
advance. A wheel K, K, centred at H, may be added to support
part or the whole weight of the carriage.
Figure 2, is a frame on wheels, having one or more drums or reels
L, M, on its axle, whereon the coated and insulated wire to be laid
down is coiled. This frame on wheels may be made an intermediate
means of communicating to the apparatus.
The deposition or laying down of wire under water by the plough,
and subtituting a vessel for the frame on wheels, require no further
explanation by reference to figures or delineations. The wire and
its coating, however ponderous the latter may be, can thereon be
coiled with convenience, especially if placed in an open vessel towed
by steam power. It is also obvious that such a vessel
may either
receive motion from a current in a river, from the flux and reflux
of the tides, from horses, or from locomotive engines. Telegraphic

page_text: wires may thus be laid down by the electric plough with such
facility and speed, wherever the bottom is soft or moveable, as far to
exceed the utmost efforts to establish communication on land.
Wire so embedded does not require the costly envelopes requisite.
when it is loosely deposited, upon the submerged surface of the
earth.
The carriage may be towed (or connected) by a hollow rope,
through or alongside of which the coated iron may be conducted to
the tube F, F, and deposited in F, G.
In witness whereof, I, the said Earl of Dundonald, have
hereunto set my hand and seal, this Fifth day of May, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-
three
Witness,
S. CARPMAEL.
DUNDONALD. (L.S.)