IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CON- STRUCTION OF IRRIGATION CONDUITS OR CHANNELS FOR THE CONVEYANCE AND DISTRIBUTION OF SEWAGE AND OTHER WATERS
Year: 1870

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Henry Doulton, of High Street, Lambeth, in the
County of Surrey, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CON-
STRUCTION OF IRRIGATION CONDUITS OR CHANNELS FOR THE CONVEYANCE AND
DISTRIBUTION OF SEWAGE AND OTHER WATERS.”
"
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Henry Doulton at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
1st December 1870.
I, HENRY DOULTON, of High Street, Lambeth, in the County of
Surrey, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF IRRIGATION CONDUITS OR CHANNELS FOR THE
CONVEYANCE AND DISTRIBUTION OF SEWAGE AND OTHER WATERS," to be as
follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in the construction of
irrigation conduits or channels for the conveyance and distribution of
sewage and other waters.
My improvements are directed to the production, at a moderate cost,
of conduits or channels of impervious glazed materials of uniform trans-

page_text: verse section, which shall not only facilitate the flow of the liquids but
also admit of easy cleansing, and thus ensure in the case of sewage the
avoidance of nuisance.
My construction is also such that the copings may be laid level, with
such accuracy as to secure (on the insertion of a sluice or stop-board)
the uniform overflow of the liquid on a considerable length, and if the
conduit is intended to irrigate only on one side, this side can be kept
low by reversing the mode of setting the coping, leaving the other side
dry and available for a footpath. The construction as a whole is such
that the conduits or channels are not liable to get out of form or vary
from the levels at which they are laid.
The bottom or invert of the conduit or channel Į form of an earthen-
ware trough obtained by dividing a socket or butt pipe into two equal
parts longitudinally. The division is partly made before the pipe is
burned, and the separation into two troughs is afterwards completed.
The upper parts of the conduit or channel are formed of angular
tiles made with longitudinal passages through them to lighten them
and to cause them to burn better. These angular tiles also are first
made as pipes ☐ which are partly divided before burning, and the
separation is completed afterwards. One face of each angular tile forms
the coping, and the other the side or wall of the conduit or channel.
The invert and sides may be laid on concrete, or where the soil admits
they may simply be laid in a suitable trench with supporting bricks on
either side to sustain the coping. For the larger conduits or channels
the height of the side walls being greater, I employ two or more tiles
in the height of the wall. Each side tile is then three sided [. It is
made with passages in the thickness of the material, and is produced in
the manner already described, that is to say, two tiles are burnt together
as a pipe, and the pipe is afterwards divided longitudinally. The two
side flanges of the tile bed into the backing of concrete or earth, and
so the tile is held firmly fixed in its place. The uppermost side tile
has a broader flange on one side to form the coping of the conduit or
channel

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Henry Doulton in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 31st May 1871.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, HENBY
DOULTON, of High Street, Lambeth, in the County of Surrey, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the First day of December, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy, in the thirty-
fourth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said Henry Doulton, Her special license
that I, the said Henry Doulton, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, or such others as I, the said Henry Doulton, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no
others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE CONSTRUCTION OF IRRIGATION CONDUITS OR CHANNELS FOR THE CONVEYANCE
AND DISTRIBUTION OF SEWAGE AND OTHER WATERS," upon the condition
(amongst others) that I, the said Henry Doulton, my executors or
administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one
of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be
performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office
within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the
said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Henry Doulton, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement thereof, that is to say :—
This Invention has for its object "Improvements in the Construction
of Irrigation Conduits or Ohannels for the Conveyance and Distribution
of Sewage and other Waters.”
1
My improvements are directed to the production, at a moderate cost,
of conduits or channels of impervious glazed materials of uniform trans-
verse section, which shall not only facilitate the flow of the liquids but

page_text: also admit of easy cleansing, and thus ensure in the case of sewerage
the avoidance of nuisance.
My construction is also such that the copings may be laid level with
such accuracy as to secure (on the insertion of a sluice or stop-board)
the uniform overflow of the liquid on a considerable length, and if the 5
conduit is intended to irrigate only on one side this side can be kept
low by reversing the mode of setting, the coping leaving the other side
dry and available for a footpath. The construction as a whole is such
that the conduits or channels are not liable to get out of form or vary.
from the levels at which they are laid.
The bottom or invert of the conduit or channel I form of an earthen-
ware trough obtained by dividing a socket or butt pipe into two equal
parts longitudinally.
Such troughs are represented at Figures 1 and 2 of the annexed
Drawings, Figure 1 having a socket, and Figure 2 being plain, its ends 1
when in place butting against the ends of the troughs on either side.
The division is partly made before the pipe is burned by preference
by knives or sharp edges attached to the dies, and the separation into
two troughs is afterwards completed.
The upper parts of the conduit or channel are formed of angular tiles
made with longitudinal passages through them to lighten them and to
cause them to burn better. One of these tiles is shewn separately in
side view at Figure 3 and in end view at Figure 4. These angular tiles
also are first made as pipes, which are partly divided before burning and
the separation is completed afterwards.
Figure 5 is an end view of two tiles as they appear before being
separated. a, a, are the partial divisions or separations made by knives
or sharp edges on the dies; b, b, are the longitudinal passages in the
tiles. One face of each angular tile forms the coping and the other the
side or wall of the conduit or channel.
Figure 6 is a perspective view of a conduit or channel constructed
with these tiles; and Figure 7 is a section of the same.
The invert and sides, may be laid on concrete, or where the soil admits
they may simply be laid in a suitable trench with supporting bricks on
either side to sustain the coping. It will be seen that the width of the
coping tiles from the edge to the angle differs for the two sides; this
admits of one side of the conduit or channel being set lower than the

page_text: other by simply reversing the coping tiles. For the larger conduits or
channels the height of the side walls being greater, I employ two or
more tiles in the height of the wall.
Figure 8 is an end view of a conduit or channel thus constructed.
Each side tile is three sided, it is made with passages in the thickness of
the material, and is produced in the manner already described, that is
to say, two tiles are burnt together as a pipe, and the pipe is afterwards
divided longitudinally. The two side flanges of the tile bed into the
backing of concrete or earth, and so the tile is held firmly fixed in its
place. The uppermost side tile has a broader flange on one side to form
the coping of the conduit or channel.
Having thus described the nature of my said Invention, and the manner
of performing the same, I would have it understood that what I claim
is, the construction of irrigation conduits or channels for the conveyance
and distribution of sewage and other waters, substantially as described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Henry Doulton, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Fifteenth day of May, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-one.