Improvements in the Windows or Sashes and Glazed Frames of Carriages, Cabs, and other Vehicles.
Year: 1891

page_text: Date of Application, 18th Sept., 1891
Complete Specification Left, 15th June, 1892-Accepted, 16th July, 1892
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Windows or Sashes and Glazed Frames of
Carriages, Cabs, and other Vehicles.
I HENRY BRITTAIN of the firm of S. Brittain and Son of Nos. 77 and 77ª
Alston Street Birmingham in the County of Warwick Manufacturers do hereby
declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
-
My invention has for its object principally to permit of great freedom of motion
in such carriage windows or sashes and glazed frames as are required to move
and at the same time to prevent the jarring or rattling noise of such carriage
windows or sashes or frames produced by the motion of the carriage.
My said invention consists of the arrangements or combinations of parts herein-
after described whereby the window or sash is wedged or held firmly in position
when at rest and liberated when about to be moved the fixing and liberating
being automatically effected that is the fixing of the sash takes place on
liberating the lifting strap and the sash is fixed on loosing the said strap without
any special action or even the knowledge of the person raising or lowering the
sash.
·
My improvements are principally applicable to the sliding sashes and windows
of ordinary carriages and Hansom cabs but are also in part applicable to the fixed
glazed frames of carriages.
I make the framing bar of the window sash or frame of sheet metal fashioned by
the drawing process into the shape required for the reception of the edge of the
glass and the glazing bar. The glazing is effected by putty cloth or otherwise and
the glass is fixed by a glazing bar. The glazing bar may be of wood or metal and
after the glass has been introduced into its place the said glazing bar is fixed in
position by screws passed into it through holes in the edge of the glazing bar. For
raising and lowering the window I make a slot through the glazing bar and attach
a strap to the edge by screws.
In order to reduce the friction of sliding carriage door windows I insert anti-
friction wheels in recesses in the metal corner pieces of the frame the top wheel a
little to the front face of the sash and the bottom wheel a little to the inside to
keep the wheels well in action when the sash is being raised. I make the acting
surface of the said anti-friction wheels preferably of india-rubber or other yielding
material.
In order to prevent the jarring or rattling of carriage windows sliding
horizontally such as the front windows of Brougham carriages where one window
slides in front of the other 1 employ the following arrangement. I fix on the lower
edge of the frame a roller the bearings of which are connected to the frame by a
hinge so that the axis of the said roller can take either a horizontal position or by
the hinged bearings moving outwards an inclined position. At the top of the
frame a nearly similar roller is affixed. When the window is opened by sliding
one of the sashes the handle by which the sash is operated is drawn forward.
The sash is thereby brought into a plane parallel with and at a short distance
from the plane of the other sash and engages in the slide provided for it the
bearings of the rollers at top and bottom being drawn into a vertical position.
When the sash is restored to its normal or closed position it is restored to the
same plane as that in which the other sash is situated the bearings of the wheels
assuming an inclined position so that the acting parts of the said wheel retain
their position although the sash has changed its plane. A spring pressing.
upwards the top roller keeps both rollers close to their bearings and prevents.
jarring.
In making the front windows of Hansom cabs according to my invention¨ I

page_text: construct and arrange the parts as follows. The bottom sash slides upwards
against the inner side of the top sash. When the strap attached to the bottom bar
of the bottom sash is pulled the said sash is raised to its full extent and the further
pulling of the strap turns the top sash on its hinge and raises it and the bottom
sash into a horizontal position. To the guide frame of the top sash the upper end
of a flat spring is attached the lower end of which spring carries a stop which when
the bottom sash is raised to its full extent and the top sash begins to turn on its
hinge engages under the lower edge of the said bottom sash. On relaxing the
strap the top sash turns on its hinge or when it has fallen nearly to its full extent
the spring stop which retains the bottom sash in its raised position comes into
contact with a stop on the fixed frame of the window thereby releasing the said
bottom sash. The bottom sash no longer supported falls by its own weight. The
jarring or rattling of the said sash when in its lowered position is prevented in the
following manner. Attached to the lower part of the fixed frame of the window is
a vertical lever turning upon a joint at its middle. A spring under the upper end
of this lever presses the said upper end outwards and consequently the lower end
inwards. Each end of the said lever carries a roller. When the bottom sash is in
its depressed position its frame presses outwards the lower roller and consequently
by turning the lever through a small angle presses inwards the upper roller. Both
rollers thus press upon the frame of the bottom sash one at the upper and the other
at the lower part of the frame of the sash and the jarring or rattling of the sash is
prevented. When by the pulling of the strap the bottom sash is raised by the
first motion of the sash its lower edge is raised from under the lower roller; by
the consequent motion of the lever carrying both rollers the upper roller ceases to
press on the upper part of the sash and the said sash is relieved of all pressure and
is readily raised.
Or I adopt the following arrangement. I attach the strap for raising and
lowering the bottom sash to the lower end of a spring bar at the middle of the said
bottom sash. To the top of this bar the end of a horizontal arm or lever is con-
nected turning on a joint at the upper corner of the sash the other vertical arm of
the lever carrying at bottom a wedge which when the sash is down engages in a
wedge box in the fixed frame and prevents the jarring or rattling of the sash.
When the strap is pulled to raise the window it first raises the spring bar (which
has a limited range of motion) thereby turning the cranked lever and withdrawing
the wedging bolt. The sash then rises by the continued pulling of the strap and
passes out of the guide in the fixed frame and into the guide in the top sash. After
the bottom sash has risen to its full extent the continued pulling of the strap turns
the top sash on its hinge. The spring in consequence of the horizontal position
of the bottom sash is no longer counterbalanced and it forces the wedge into the
wedge box in the frame of the top sash and prevents jarring or rattling. Thus the
window is locked or bound tightly when in its raised or lowered position but is
unlocked and quite free to move immediately the strap is pulled to raise it or
relaxed to lower it. It will be understood that the arrangements described with
respect to one side of the window is applied to both sides of the window.
Dated the 18th day of September 1801 .
W. T. WHITEMAN,
Agent for the Applicant.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Windows or Sashes and Glazed Frames of
Carriages, Cabs, and other Vehicles.
5
HENRY BRITTAIN, of the firm of S. Brittain and Son, of No. 77 and 77* Alston
Street, Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Manufacturers do hereby declare
the nature of my invention and in what manner the same is to be performed
to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
My invention has for its object principally to permit of great freedom of motion 5

page_text: in such carriage windows or sashes and glazed frames as are required to move and
at the same time to prevent the jarring or rattling noise of such carriage windows
or sashes or frames produced by the motion of the carriage.
My said invention consists of the arrangements or combinations of parts herein-
after described whereby the window or sash is wedged or held firmly in position
when at rest and liberated when about to be moved; the fixing and liberating being
automatically effected, that is, the fixing of the sash takes place on liberating the
lifting strap and the sash is fixed on loosing the said strap without any special
action or even the knowledge of the person raising or lowering the sash.
My improvements are principally applicable to the sliding sashes and windows
of ordinary carriages and Hansom cabs but are also in part applicable to the fixed
glazed frames of carriages.
I make the framing or sash bar of the window sash or frame of sheet metal
fashioned by the drawing process into the shape required for the reception of the
edge of the glass and the glazing bar. The glazing is effected by putty, cloth or
otherwise and the glass is fixed by a glazing bar. The glazing bar may be of
wood or metal and after the glass has been introduced into its place the said
glazing bar is fixed in position by screws passed into it through holes in the edge
of the glazing bar. For raising and lowering the window I make a slot through
the glazing bar and attach a strap to the edge by screws.
In order to reduce the friction of sliding carriage door windows I insert anti-
friction wheels in recesses in the metal corner pieces of the frame, the top wheel a
little to the front face of the sash and the bottom wheel a little to the inside to
keep the wheels well in action when the sash is being raised. I make the acting
surface of the said anti-friction wheels preferably of india rubber or other yielding
material.
In order to prevent the jarring or rattling of carriage windows sliding horizontally
such as the front windows of Brougham carriages, where one window slides in front
of the other, I employ the following arrangement. I fix on the lower edge of the
frame a roller the bearings of which are connected to the frame by a hinge so that
the axis of the said roller can take either a horizontal position or by the hinged
bearings moving outwards an inclined position. At the top of the frame a nearly
similar roller is affixed. When the window is opened by sliding one of the sashes,
the handle by which the sash is operated is drawn forward. The sash is thereby
brought into a plane parallel with and at a short distance from the plane of the
other sash and engages in the slide provided for it the bearings of the rollers at
top and bottom being drawn into a vertical position. When the sash is restored to
its normal or closed position it is restored to the same plane as that in which the
other sash is situated, the bearings of the rollers assuming an inclined position 80
that the acting parts of the said rollers retain their position although the sash has
changed its plane. A spring pressing upwards the top roller keeps both rollers.
close to their bearings and prevents jarring.
In making the front windows of Hansom cabs according to my invention I.
construct and arrange the parts as follows. The bottom sash slides upwards
against the inner side of the top sash. When the strap attached to the bottom
bar of the bottom sash is pulled, the said sash is raised to its full extent and the
further pulling of the strap turns the top sash on its hinge and raises it and the
bottom sash into a horizontal position. To the guide frame of the top sash
the upper end of a flat spring is attached the lower end of which spring carries a
stop which when the bottom sash is raised to its full extent and the top sash begins
to turn on its hinge engages under the lower edge of the said bottom sash.
relaxing the strap the top.sash turns on its hinge and when it has fallen nearly to
its full extent the spring stop which retains the bottom sash in its raised position
comes into contact with a stop on the fixed frame of the window thereby releasing
the said bottom sash. The bottom sash no longer supported falls by its own weight.
The jarring or rattling of the said sash when in its lowered position is prevent d
in the following manner. Attached to the lower part of the fixed frame of the
On

page_text: window is a vertical lever turning upon a joint at its middle. A spring under the
lower end of this lever presses the said upper end inwards and consequently the
lower end outwards. Each end of the said lever carries a roller. When the bottom
sash is in its depressed position, its frame presses outwards the lower roller and
consequently by turning the lever through a small angle presses inwards the upper
roller. Both rollers thus press upon the frame of the bottom sash one at the upper
and the other at the lower part of the frame of the sash and the jarring or rattling
of the sash is prevented. When by the pulling of the strap the bottom sash is
raised by the first motion of the sush its lower edge is raised from under the
lower roller; but the upper roller continues to press upon the sash till the latter is
fully raised.
Or adopt the following arrangement. I attach the strap for raising and
lowering the bottom sash to the lower end of a spring bar at the middle of the said
bottom sash. To the top of this bar the end of a horizontal arm or lever is
connected turning on a joint at the upper corner of the sash; the other vertical arm
of the lever carrying at bottom a wedge which when the sash is down engages in a
wedge box in the fixed frame and prevents the jarring or rattling of the sash.
When the strap is pulled to raise the window it first raises the-spring bar (which
has a limited range of motion) thereby turning the cranked lever and withdrawing
the wedging bolt. The sash then rises by the continued pulling of the strap and
passes out of the guide in the fixed frame and into the guide in the top sash. After
the bottom sash has risen to its full extent the continued pulling of the strap turns
the top sash on its hinge up to the roof.
tightly when in its lowered position, but
immediately the strap is pulled to raise it.
ments described with respect to one side of
the window.
Thus the window is locked or bound
is unlocked and quite free to move
It will be understood that the arrange-
the window is applied to both sides of
I will now proceed to describe with reference to the accompanying drawings the
manner in which my invention is to be performed.
Figure 1 represents in front elevation and Figure 2 in longitudinal section, a
portion of a glazed metallic window frame or sash provided with a glazing bar
according to my invention; Figure 3 represents the two parts of which the glazing
bar is composed separated and Figure 4 represents an edge view of a portion of the
same connected together.
a, a is the framing bar of the sash made of sheet metal having the sectional
form best seen in Figure 2 to form the rebate or groove for the reception of the
edge of the glass which may be loose or fixed by putty or otherwise. The glazing
bar is shown at the left hand end of Figures 1 and 2 and is made in halves marked
respectively c and d, the part c being fixed to the other parts of the framing bar a
but the part d is detachable from the other part c as seen in Figure 3. In the
fixed part of the glazing bar is an opening e and on the inner or under face
of the detachable part d is a hook for passing into the opening e and for
engaging under the fixed part c of the glazing bar. The movable part d of the
glazing bar having been removed, the glass b is introduced into the rebate of the
frame a and the movable part d of the glazing bar is placed upon the fixed part c
so that its hook passes through the opening e in the said fixed part. By then
sliding the movable part d of the glazing bar towards the glass its hook f engages
under the fixed part e of the bar as seen in Figure 2, and the glass is secured
in its place. By means of a screw 9 passed through the corners of the fixed
and movable parts c, d of the glazing bar, the said two parts are securely connected
together.
Figure 5 represents in elevation a metallic sash bar for receiving a glazing bar
made according to my invention and Figure 6 is a cross section of the sash bar with
a glazing bar applied to it.
The sash bar is made of two pieces of sheet metal of the sectional forms repre-
sented, the inner piece serving to strengthen the outer piece. The outer piece has
at one edge the form of two sides of the rebate to receive the edge of the glass b
?

page_text: and along the front of the sash bar is an opening i for receiving the removable
glazing bark and parallel to the said opening is an inner wearing face having its
edge turned at right angles to give additional strength to the sash bar and for
assisting in fixing the glazing bar. To further strengthen the body of the sash bar
I provide the inner metal tie plate represented, one edge of which engages under
the inclined piece near the rebate and the other under the face 1. The removable
glazing bark may be made of wood or of metal, and after the glass has been placed
in the sash frame, and its edge introduced into the rebate h of the sash bar, tho
glazing bar is passed into the hollow sash bar through the opening i in the position
indicated in dotted lines in Figure 6 so that its heel is partly under the right angled
edge m of the sash bar.
By turning down the glazing bar & into the position represented, its heel passes
under the edge m and the opposite edge of the glazing bar bears upon the edge of
the glass in the rebate h. A screw is then passed through the edge of the sash
bar and made to take into the glazing bar, the tightening of the screw causing the
shoulder of the glazing bar to abut against the angled edge m of the sash bar.
The glazing bar is thus fixed in position in the sash bar and the edge of the glass
secured in its place in the rebate of the sash bar. By this arrangement a uniform
pressure is put upon the edge of the glass.
In sliding sashes, the sash bar may have a projection at p Figure 7 to prevent the
rubbing of the opposite face of the sash bar to that containing the glazing bar.
Figure 8 represents a sash bar and glazing bar of the kind represented in
Figure 6, excepting that the glazing bar marked is made of sheet metal instead
of wood. In this case the heel of the glazing bar is strengthened at q for receiving
the fixing screw n.
For the purpose of ornamenting the sash bar the sides of the bar may be provided
with dovetail recesses for receiving strips of ivory, ebony, wood or cloth as
represented in Figure 9 and marked r, r. The inclined parts forming one side of
the dovetails are made of one piece of metal and the other sides of the dovetails are
made of the cap or head s. After the strips, have been inserted edge or endwise
in the dovetails, the cap or head s is fixed in its place by driving home screws, as
represented at 2, into strengthening blocks in the hollow sash bar. To complete
the rebate for holding the edge of the glass and to further strengthen the sash bar
the tie plate t is soldered in the hollow bar.
Instead of inserting ornamenting strips in both sides of the sash bar, an orna-
menting strip may be inserted in one side only as represented in Figure 9 where
the strip is marked r. The hollow sash bar in this arrangement is made of a drawn
strip u with a strengthening piece n².
Figure 10 represents metal corner pieces which I use for connecting together the
vertical and horizontal parts of hollow sash bars of the kind represented in
Figures 5 and 6 and analogous kinds. The part 2 of the metal corner pieces
Figure 10 fits in the part of the sash bars (see Figure 5) and the part of the
metal corner pieces fits in the part of the sash bar. The part of one of the
corner pieces has a circular recess made in it for receiving an antifriction wheel
as hereinafter described.
Figures 11 and 12 represent my arrangements for mounting anti-friction wheels in
sliding carriage door windows, the said Figures 11 and 12 representing a portion
of a hollow metallic sash bar frame having a glazing bar of the kind represented in
Figure 6.
In the arrangement Figure 11, a recess is made in the corner of the hollow sash
bar to receive the metal box æ in which the anti-friction wheel turns, the axis
of the wheel being made in one piece with or fixed to the box. One side of the
box is open to receive the wheel. The periphery of the wheel 22 projects slightly
from the face of the bar. The anti-friction wheel being placed on the fixed axis
in the box it', the said box before the glazing bar & is put in its place in the hollow
sash bar is inserted from the inside of the sash bar, into the recess in the said bar,
the axis of the wheel fitting in a hole at the front of the sash bar. The box and

page_text: wheel are secured in their place by the fixing of the glazing bar k in the manner
before described.
In the arrangement represented in Figure 12, a circular recess is made in the
vertical edge of the corner (see Figure 10) for receiving the anti-friction wheel y
(shown separately in Figure 13). The wheel is held in its place in the recess he
by the plate carrying the pin or axis y³. The wheel y is first put in the
recess y the pin y³ with the plate y' on its end is then passed through the wheel
and the circular recess closed at front and the wheel secured in its place by fixing
the plate to the corner by the screw y'. The acting surface of the wheels is
covered with india rubber or other yielding material.
The strap by which sliding sashes are worked may be fixed to the removable
glazing bark in the manner shown in cross section in Figure 14.
Figures 15, 16 and 17 represent my arrangement for preventing the jarring or
rattling of carriage windows sliding horizontally, one in front of the other, such as
front windows of Brougham carriages: Figure 15 representing in side elevation
(partly in cross section) with a portion broken away, the middle meeting edges of
the two sliding sashes, when the window is closed; that is, when the two sashes
are in line; and Figure 16 representing an edge view, partly in section, of the
same; Figure 17 represents the same view as Figure 16 after the window has
been opened by the sliding of one of the sashes in front of the other.
letters of reference indicate the same parts in Figures 15, 16 and 17.
The same
a, bare the two horizontally sliding sashes working in the broad grooves or
rebates c, c in the top and bottom of the fixed frame of the carriage window,
a being the inner sliding sash and the outer sliding sash. The inner edges of
the two sashes, when the window is closed, slightly overlap as seen in Figure 15.
In order to prevent the rattling or jarring of the sliding carriage window, a
roller is situated at the bottom corner of the inner sash a and near its meeting
edge with the outer sash b.
The bearing e of the roller d is connected by a hinge joint at f to the sliding
sash a so that the said roller can by moving inwards its bearing, take the inclined
position represented in Figure 16 or by moving outwards its bearing take the
vertical position represented in Figure 17. At the top corner of the sliding sash a
is a roller g having a motion similar to that of the lower roller 'd. The bearing
of the top roller g is supported on the spring sliding rod i working in the tubular
case at the top of the sash. The bottom roller d works in the wide groove or
rebate c of the window frame, but the top roller y works in' the groove or recess
at the side of the ordinary groove or rebate c.
When the window of the Brougham or other carriage is to be opened by sliding
one of the sashes a or b, the handle m on the inner sliding sash a is drawn forward
in the direction of the arrow Figure 16. The sash a is thereby brought into a
plane parallel with and at à short distance from the plane of the other sash, the
bearings of the rollers d and g on the said sash a being drawn into a vertical
position as seen in Figure 17. One of the sashes can now slide in front of the
other for opening the window as seen in Figure 17 the inner sash when moved
travelling on the rollers d, g.
A
When one of the sashes is restored to its normal position for closing the window
and the two sashes are brought into line and slightly made to overlap one another
at their junction, the bearings of the rollers d, g take the inclined position
represented in Figures 15 and 16. The two sashes are thereby pressed together
by a wedging action and the rattling of the said sashes prevented.
A
By the use of the spring pressing bari of the top roller, the two rollers are
pressed closely to their bearings.
1.
Figure 18 represents in front elevation; and Figure 19 in side elevation, partly
in section, the front window of a Hansom cab, the parts of the said window and
appliances connected therewith being constructed and arranged and worked
according to my invention; the two sashes being represented in their closed or
lowered positions; Figure 20 represents the same view as Figure 19 with the

page_text: sashes in their raised positions; Figure 21. represents in vertical section drawn to
a larger scale the two sashes in their closed or lowered positions, the two sashes:
being indicated in dotted lines in their raised positions; Figure 22 represents
elevations taken at right angles to one another (partly in section), drawn to a
large scale of one of the metal guides and spring stops attached to the vertical
edge of the upper sash for guiding the bottom sash in its sliding motion upon the
upper sash and for temporarily securing the lower sash to the upper sash before
the two sashes are lifted into a horizontal position;
Figure 23 represents. in vertical section and side elevation, drawn to a large
scale, one of the metal guides fixed to the frame of the Hansom cab for the lower
sash to slide in and for preventing the jarring or rattling noise of the sash when
closed and Figure 24 represents a modified arrangement of the apparatus used for
preventing the rattling noise of the lower sash.
The same letters of reference indicate the same parts in Figures 19 to 24.
a is the frame of the Hansom cab to which the sashes b, c are applied; 6 being
the upper hinged sash and c the lower sliding sash which sash is capable of
sliding upwards against the inner side of the top sash b preparatory to lifting the
two sashes into a horizontal position; d is the strap for lifting and lowering the
two sashes, the lower end of the strap being attached to the eye d' carried by
the vertical cross bar d³ at the middle of the lower sash c. The hinged top sash b
has fixed to its opposed vertical edges the metal guides or guide frames e, e (one
of which is shown detached in Figure 22) in which the lower sash c slides, anti-
friction rollers at the top of the lower sash facilitating the motion of the said
sash in the frames or guides e,e (see Figure 21).
To the lower part of each guide or guide frame e a flat spring g is attached
at g³. The lower end of each spring g carries a stop g which when the bottom
sash c is raised to its full extent against the top sash b, and the said top sash
begins to turn on its hinge, engages under the lower edge of the bottom sash and
thereby supports the said bottom sash against the top sash during the raising of
the two sashes b and c into the horizontal position represented in Figure 20 and
indicated in dotted lines in Figure 21.
of india rubber which should
roof of the cab and prevents
projects on the inside of the
Each of the said springs also carries a buffer
the two sashes be raised too high strikes against the
injury to the sashes. The said india rubber buffer
frame e (see Figure 22) and serves for the lower edge of the bottom sash to bear
against when the latter rests upon the stops 9, 9*.
I will now describe the arrangement of parts for preventing the jarring or
rattling of the bottom sash when in its lowered position and for causing the lower
sash when raised to be supported upon the upper sash.
Attached to the frame of
the cab at each side is the metal guide frame i in which the lower sash c slides.
The top of the frame i is curved at 2 and serves as a stop for releasing the bottom
sash c from the stops on the upper sash. It will be seen by an examination of
Figure 21 that the inclined inner part of the stop 9 on the upper sash crosses the
curved stop 2 on the fixed frame in which the lower sash slides, when the two
sashes are in their closed positions. Attached to the middle of the lower fixed
guide frame is a vertical lever k turning on the centre, a light spring (2 pre-
venting the rattling of the said lever. The end of the upper arm of the lever k
carries the roller m and attached to the lower arm of the said lever is a spring.
which carries a similar roller n, the said rollers in their normal positions projecting
into the guide frame i to the respective distances represented in Figure 23. The
position of the lower roller n carried by the spring is adjusted by the set screw 1³.
The two rollers m, n are capable of turning in boxes at the top of the lever k and
bottom of the spring 1. During the descent and ascent of the lower sash in the
frame the upper roller m is pressing slightly on the said lower sash. As the
lower sash passes into the frame i its pressure on the roller m turns the upper arm.
of the lever outwards and consequently presses inwards the lower spring arm / of:
the lever. When the sash reaches its fully depressed position its frame presses

page_text: outwards the lower rollern and consequently by turning the lever through a small
angle compresses the spring and further presses inwards the upper roller m.
Both rollers n, n thus press upon the lowered bottom sash, one at the upper
and the other at the lower part of the sash, and the jarring or rattling of the sash
is prevented.
Instead of carrying the pressing rollers upon the ends of the arms of a lever, a
plate spring fixed at about the middle of the fixed guide frame may carry at one
end a roller and at the other end a pressing block of india rubber. This modifi-
cation is represented in Figure 24 where p is the plate spring fixed at p to the
guide frame i, the roller m being carried at the top of the spring and the india
rubber block m² being carried by the lower end of the spring.
In place of the pressing block m² a roller may be used. The positions of the
roller m and pressing block m² with respect to the sash against which they bear
may be accurately adjusted by means of the set screws g, y bearing against the
fixed guide frame i.
The action of the parts for raising and lowering the sashes is as follows: On
pulling the strap d the lower sash e is raised in the fixed guide frame i. By the
first motion of the sash its lower end is raised from the lower roller », or pressing
block m², but the upper roller m continues to press upon the sash until it has been
raised nearly to its full extent against the top sash & when the lower sash is relieved
of all pressure. As soon as the lower sashe has been fully raised the outward
pressure of the strap d causes it to pass onto the spring stops g', g of the upper
sash by which stops the lower sash is supported and the two sashes are thus
temporarily connected together and by turning the top sash b upon its hinges,
the two sashes c, b can be fully lifted as represented in Figure 20 and indicated in
Figure 21.
For lowering the sashes the strap d is released. On releasing the strap, the top!
sash b, carrying the lower sash c, turns on its hinges and when it has been depressed
nearly to its full extent the spring stops, which retain the bottom sash in its
raised position come in contact with the stops, 2 on the fixed frames i, i thereby
arresting the motion of the said spring stops, and the bottom sash by its
momentum passes off the said spring stops. The bottom sash being no longer
supported descends by its own weight in the fixed guides i, i the rollers m and
or the roller m and block m² acting upon the descending sash as hereinbefore
particularly explained.
Figure 25 represents in front elevation a modification of the Hansom cab window
last described, the two sashes being represented in their lowered position and
Figure 26 represents an end elevation of the same with the sashes in their lifted
horizontal position; Figure 27 represents an underside edge view of the two sashes
and a portion of the guide frame, the guide frame at the right hand end of
Figures 25 and 27 being omitted.
a is the lower sash sliding against the inner side of the upper sash b, the said
lower sash being raised against the top sash and the two sashes lifted by means of
the usual strap c attached at 2 to the lower sash. The top sash is pivotted
at 3, to the tops of the fixed guide frames d, d, each guide frame being made in
one piece and attached to the wooden frame of the cab. The top sash & has no
sliding motion in the guide frames. It is thus independent of the said guide frames,
excepting with respect to its pivotting.
The sectional form of the guide frames d, d is represented at d² Figure 27.
For the purpose of preventing the rattling noise when the window is closed I
employ an arrangement somewhat similar to that represented in Figure 24, that
is to say on the middle of each of the fixed guides d, d I mount an anti-friction
roller and spring at d and at the bottom of each of the fixed guides d, d I mount a
similar antifriction roller and spring at d, the said rollers projecting into the guide
frames in the manner seen in Figure 26. In place of an anti-friction roller, the
spring may carry an adjustable pressing block.
To control and regulate the sliding of the lower sash a in the fixed guides d, d

page_text: I fix on the top and bottom corners of the said lower sash, lugs marked respec-
tively i and k. When the top sash has its pivoted ends 62, in position and the
guides d, d are screwed to the framing of the cab, the bottom sasli a is introduced
into the guides d, d in the following manner. The lugs i, are removed by with-
drawing the screws f,f and the lugs k k are passed through the openings in the
guides d. The sash a can then be closed down upon the sash band when the
lugs i, i have been passed into the guides d, d and secured to the corners of
the sash a, the said sash is free to slide in the guides. The openings d³ also serve
for the bottom lugs k, k to pass out of the guides when the bottom sash a has been
fully raised and the two sashes lifted. The top of each guide frame is provided
with a quadrant shaped box or recess h. In these quadrant shaped boxes or
recesses, the lugs i, i work when the bottom sash has been raised upon the top sash
and the two sashes turned into a horizontal position. By means of the said
quadrant shaped boxes h, hand lugs i, i the lower sash a is sustained upon the upper
sash when raised to and from the roof of the cab. The acting faces of the
quadrant shaped boxes have curvatures struck from the centres or pivots * *
on which the upper sash turns. The bottom of the top sash has on each side a
catch with which catches the lugs k, k on the bottom sash can engage when the
said bottom sash has been fully raised. The shape of these catches will be
understood by referring to that shown at the right hand end of Figure 27.
lower sash a being fully raised against the top sash, the bottom lugs k, k engage
with the catches 1, 1 on the said top sash and the two sashes are temporarily locked
together so that on the curvilinear motion of the top sash it picks up the bottom
sash. The lugs i, i have at the same time entered the quadrant recesses h, hat the
tops of the guiding frames. The further pulling of the lifting strap now causes
the top sash to turn on its pivots (the lugs k k on the bottom sash passing out of.
the openings d, in the guides d d) and to carry with it the bottom sash so as to
fully open the window. As the two sashes take their horizontal or fully open
position the lugs i, i work against the inner faces of the quadrant recesses has
will be understood by an examination of Figure 26 and thereby sustain the bottom
sash upon the top sash. On lowering the sashes the reverse actions take place;
that is, the lugs i, i after the two sashes have reached a vertical position pass out
of the quadrant recesses h, hand the bottom sash can be fully lowered in the
guides d, d, the rattling of the sash when lowered being prevented by the anti-
friction rollers d' and d which bear respectively on the lugs and k.
On the
Figure 28 represents in front elevation and Figure 29 in side elevation, partly in
section, the arrangement of my invention in which the lower sash of the Hansom
cab window is automatically unfastened on raising the said lower sash and the said
sash automatically fastened when fully lowered by means of wedge bolts so as to
prevent rattling.
a is the lower sliding sash and the top hinged sash; m is the spring bar working
in the tubular case m² fixed to the middle of the bottom sash by the lugs m³ m³ at
top and bottom. To the lower end of the spring bar m the strap is attached for
raising and lowering the said sash (see Figure 29). The spring bar m is pressed
down, when at liberty to descend, and maintained in its lowered position by means
of the coiled spring p around a cylindrical part of the said bar, the said spring/
taking an abutment at bottom against a shoulder 9 on the said bar and at top against
the fixed internal collar q³ of the tubular case. To the forked top of the bar m the
horizontal inner ends of the cranked levers r, r are jointed, the said levers turning
on the centres, on the top bar of the bottom sash. The vertical arms of the
levers, carry at their ends, the wedge bolts s, s which snap into wedge boxes s²,
on the fixed guide frames t, t in which the bottom sash a slides. When the wedge
bolts s, & are engaged with the wedge boxes s³, s the jarring or rattling of the sash
is prevented. When the strap c is pulled to raise the sash a it first lifts the spring
bar m a limited distance and compresses the coiled spring p until the weight of the
sash is overcome. The lifting of the spring bar m lifts the inner ends of the
R

page_text: horizontal arms of the cranked levers r, and withdraws the wedge bolts ss from
their boxes 2, 2 and releases the bottom sash. The sash is thus automatically
unfastened by the act of lifting the sash. The sash a then rises by the continued
pulling of the strap c and passes out of the fixed guide frames t, t into the guiding
frames of the top sash. The top guiding frames are not represented and may be
constructed in the manner before described with respect to the cab window repre-
sented in Figures 19 to 24 or otherwise constructed.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my invention
and the manner in which the same is to be performed I declare that I claim as
my invention of "Improvements in the windows or sashes and glazed frames of
carriages, cabs and other vehicles " :-
First Making the metallic framing or sash bars of sliding windows or sashes
and fixed glazed frames and the glazing bars of the same substantially as herein-
before described and illustrated in Figures 1, 2, 3 and 4 of the accompanying
drawings.
Secondly Making the metallic framing or sash bars of sliding windows or
sashes and fixed glazed frames and the glazing bars of the same substantially in the
ways herein before described and illustrated in Figures 5, 6, 7 and 8 of the accom-
panying drawings; also the modifications of the metallic sash bars represented in
Figures 9 and 94 in which an ornamenting strip is inserted in one or in both sides or
faces of the bar; also the construction of the metal corner pieces represented in
Figure 10 for connecting together the vertical and horizontal parts of hollow sash
bars of the kind described and represented.
Thirdly-The arrangements hereinbefore described and illustrated in
Figures 11, 12 and 13 of the accompanying drawings for mounting anti-friction
wheels in sliding carriage door windows.
Fourthly:-The arrangement or combination of parts hereinbefore described and
illustrated in Figures 15, 16 and 17 of the accompanying drawings for preventing
the jarring or rattling, when closed, of the front windows of Brougham carriages
and other windows in which one window slides horizontally in front of the other.
I claim with respect to the front windows of Hansom cabs.
:
Fifthly The arrangements or combinations of parts hereinbefore described and
illustrated in Figures 18, 19, 20, 21 and 23 of the accompanying drawings and the
modification represented in Figure 24 for preventing, the jarring or rattling of the
bottom sliding sash when in its lowered position.
Sixthly The addition to or combination with the metal guide frames of the
hinged upper sash of spring stops for supporting the lower sash upon the upper sash
before the two sashes are lifted into a horizontal position the several parts being
arranged and acting substantially as hereinbefore described and illustrated in
Figures 18, 19, 20, 21 and 22 of the accompanying drawings.
Seventhly The arrangements or combinations of parts hereinbefore described
and illustrated in Figures 25, 26 and 27 of the accompanying drawings for preventing
the jarring or rattling of the sashes and for causing the upper pivoted sash to pick
up and carry with it the lower sliding sash when the said upper sash is lifted for
turning it into a horizontal position; also making each of the guides of the bottom
sliding sash in one piece and permanently connected to the cab through its whole
length, and providing the said guides with quadrant shaped tops for the lugs on the
lower sash to engage with for the purpose and substantially as described and illus-
trated in Figures 25, 26 and 27 of the accompanying drawings.
-
Lastly The arrangement or combination of parts hereinbefore described and
illustrated in Figures 28 and 29 of the accompanying drawings for preventing the
jarring or rattling of the bottom sash, the said arrangement or combination of parts
consisting essentially of a spring sliding bar operated by the window raising strap
with which spring sliding bar is combined wedge bolting or wedge ended levers
for automatically fastening the sash in its lowered position when the window

page_text: raising strap is released and for unfastening the sash when the window raising
strap is pulled.
Dated the Fourteenth day of June 1892.
W. T. WHITEMAN,
Agent for the Applicant.