Improvements in the Manufacture of Washered Door and other Hinges.
Year: 1894

page_text: Date of Application, 22nd Mar., 1894
Complete Specification Left, 5th Dec., 1894-Accepted, 5th Jan., 1895
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Manufacture of Washered Door and other
Hinges.
We, TONKS LIMITED, of Moseley Street Birmingham, in the County of
Warwick, Manufacturers, and WILLIAM NOCк of No. 8 Parliament Street,
Small Heath, Birmingham aforesaid, Hinge Dresser do hereby declare the nature
of this invention to be as follows:-
In order that the said invention may be the better understood we remark that
washered hinges consist of hinges to the ends of the knuckles of which washers or flat
rings of steel or iron are fixed so that on the opening or closing of the flaps of the
said hinges the wear of the knuckles is borne by the said steel or iron washers or
rings instead of by the ends of the knuckles themselves and in the case of brass
hinges or hinges made of a metal or alloy less hard than iron or steel the wear of
the knuckles is prevented.
.
In making washered hinges according to the said invention we form reels or
tubes of iron or steel having flanges at their ends the axial hole in which reels
is of a size suitable to fit upon the pin or axis of the finished hinge. We thread
one or more of the said reels or flanged tubes according to the number of
knuckles in the hinge to be made upon a pin or axis similar to that of the
finished hinge. We place the said pin or axis having the said reel or reels upon
it, the reels in the latter case being placed at the required distance apart, in the
mould in which the flap and knuckles of the hinge are to be cast and by the
casting process we cast the flap and knuckle or knuckles upon the said reel or
reels the molten metal running round and enclosing the said reels. The flap and
washered knuckles when removed from the mould require no dressing so far as
the ends of the knuckles and the axial hole for the pin or axis of the hinge are
concerned.
Dated this 22nd day of March 1894.
W. T. WHITEMAN,
Agent for the Applicants.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Manufacture of Washered Door and other
Hinges.
We, TONKS LIMITED, of Moseley Street, Birmingham in the County of
Warwick Manufacturers and WILLIAM NOCк, of No. 8 Parliament Street,
Small Heath, Birmingham aforesaid, Hinge Dresser do hereby declare the nature
of the said invention and in what manner. the same is to be performed to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
In order that the said invention may be the better understood we remark that
washered hinges consist of hinges to the ends of the knuckles of which washers or
flat rings of steel or iron are fixed so that on the opening or closing of the flaps of
the said hinges the wear of the knuckles is borne by the said steel or iron washers
CD27

page_text: or rings instead of by the ends of the knuckles themselves and in the case of brass
hinges or hinges made of a metal or alloy less hard than iron or steel, the wear of
the knuckle is prevented.
In making washered hinges according to the said invention we form reels or
tubes of iron or steel having flanges at their ends the axial hole in which reels is
of a size suitable to fit upon the pin or axis of the finished hinge. We thread one
or more of the said reels or flanged tubes according to the number of knuckles in
the hinge to be made upon a pin or axis similar to that of the finished hinge.
We
place the said pin or axis having the said reel or reels upon it, the reels in
the latter case being placed at the required distance apart, in the mould in which
the flap and knuckles of the hinge are to be cast and by the casting process we
cast the flap and knuckle or knuckles upon the said reel or reels the molten metal
running round and enclosing the said reels. Or the reels may be placed in the
mould without the use of a pin or axis. The flap and washered knuckles when
removed from the mould require no dressing so far as the ends of the knuckles and
the axial hole for the pin or axis of the hinge are concerned.
We apply our invention to stamped or sheet metal hinges as well as to cast
hinges.
We will now proceed to describe with reference to the accompanying drawing
the manner in which the said invention is to be performed.
Figure 1 represents in plan; Figure 2 in end elevation and cross section a cast
brass washered door or other hinge made according to this invention;
Figure 4 represents one of the reels or flanged tubes which we use in making the
hinge and Figure 5 represents the parts of which the said reel or flanged tube is
made;
Figure 6 represents the several reels or flanged tubes when arranged upon pins
or axes ready to be placed in the moulds for casting the two flaps and knuckles of
the hinge but the reels or flanged tubes may be dropped into the spaces left in the
mould by the pattern without the use of pins or axes.
The same letters of reference indicate the same parts in Figures 1 to 6.
a, bare the two flaps of the brass cast hinge, jointed together by the pin c passed
through their knuckles, and a², 62 are the knuckles of the said flaps; d, e; d, e are
the metal reels or flanged tubes, made preferably of iron or steel in the manner
hereinafter described and embed led by the casting process in the knuckles of the
hinge. The flanges e of the reels or tubes constitute the washers or hard bearing
rings of the knuckles; that is, the opposed or bearing faces of the several knuckles
are formed by the said flanges e which bear against one another (see the section
Figure 3), the wear of the knuckles being borne by the washers or hard bearing
rings e instead of by the ends of the knuckles themselves. The tubular parts d of
the flanged tubes or reels d, e constitute hard metal linings to the hollow knuckles
of the hinge and the wear of the interior of the said knuckles is borne by the said
tubular parts das will be understood by an examination of the drawing. It will
be seen that each end reel or flanged tube d, e is provided with one flange only while
each of the other reels or flanged tubes has a flange at each end, but the said end
reels or flanged tubes may have a flange at each end.
We make the reels or flanged tubes in the manner shown in Figures 4 and 5.
That is to say, we take an open jointed piece of wrought iron or steel tubing d and
force or otherwise fix on its ends the caps or flanges e, e. the said caps or flanges
having short tubes or sockets on their inner faces, which are forced onto or
otherwise secured to the ends of the tube as represented in Figure 4. The short
inner tubes or sockets of the said caps or flanges e, e are notched, serrated or
roughened so as to form binding or holding surfaces for the cast metal and thereby
prevent the reels or flanged tubes from turning in the knuckles of the hinge.
.
Or the same object may be attained by making the reels or flanged tubes in the
manner represented in Figure 7. In this case the tubular part d is formed with a
longitudinal web or rib d² and each of the flanges or rings e has a projection e at
one side.
When the cast hinges are provided with this kind of reels or flanged

page_text: tubes, the ribs or webs d' are embedded in the knuckle parts of the hinge and the
projections e, e' in the flaps of the hinge as shown in the finished hinge Figure 8
and the turning of the reels or flanged tubes in the cast knuckles of the flaps is
thereby effectually prevented.
Or the rib or web d may extend from end to end of the tubular part d and the
flanges or rings e be provided with recesses e³ for taking upon the rib or web d³ as
represented in Figure 74.
We prefer to make the iron or steel tube d of the reel from a flat blank or
strip as represented in Figure 54 shaped or bent into a cylindrical figure leaving
an open joint, but the tube part of the reel may be cut from long lengths of
open or close jointed tubing of either of the kinds represented. Or instead of
making the tubes and caps or flanges of the reels separately and connecting
them together the said reels may be made of malleable or annealed cast iron:
that is, cast iron which on being annealed or heated in contact with haematite
or oxide of iron becomes malleable, but we do not limit ourselves to any
particular method of making the reels or flanged tubes, which we employ in
carrying the said invention into effect.
In making a cast washered hinge according to this invention we place the
reels or flanged tubes in the proper positions in the flap moulds without a pin
or axis or we thread the number of reels or flanged tubes required for each flap
upon a pin or axis f similar to that of the finished hinge pin as represented in
Figure 6 and we place the reels or flanged tubes thus arranged on the pins or
axes in the flap moulds in the respective positions-indicated by the dotted lines
and by the casting process the flaps and knuckles are cast upon the said reels or
flanged tubes so as to produce either the cast washered hinge represented in
Figures 1, 2 and 3 or the cast washered hinge represented in Figure 8 according
to the kind. of reels or flanged tubes used in the moulds. Figure 9 represents in
plan and cross and longitudinal section, a washered stamped or sheet metal hinge
made according to this invention and Figure 10 represents one of the finished reels
used for this hinge. In this modified process the knuckle parts of the stamped
hinge flaps are coiled or bent around the tubular parts d of the reels or flanged
tubes in the manner seen in the cross section Figure 9 so as to enclose within the
knuckles a², the tubular parts of the reels leaving the bearing faces or washers
exposed. In the said Figure 9 the flaps and knuckles are marked with the same
letters as corresponding parts in Figures 2 and 3. The tubular parts of the reels
or flanged tubes used for stamped or sheet metal hinges are of the same diameter
throughout, the flanges being fixed upon the ends of the reels preferably by
brazing.
Instead of connecting the flanged tubes or reels to the stamped or sheet metal
hinges by coiling the knuckle pieces of the flaps around the tubular parts of the
reels as represented in Figure 9, a thin flap blank of more than double the width of
the flap to be made may be taken and doubled at its middle so as to form a
compound flap of about the same thickness as that represented in Figure 9, the
tubular parts of the reels being enclosed by the closing or pressing upon them of
the knuckle parts of the thin blank of the flap. The last described method of
manufacture is shewn in connection with the stamped or sheet metal hinge
represented in plan and cross and longitudinal section in Figure 11.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed we declare that we
claim as the said invention of "Improvements in the manufacture of washered
door and other hinges":
Manufacturing the said hinges by enclosing in the cast or sheet metal knuckles
of the hinge, reels or flanged tubes of iron or steel or other hard metal or alloy,
the flanges of the said reels constituting the abutting or bearing washers or rings
by which the wear of the knuckles is borne and the tubular parts of the said reels
constituting hard metal linings to the said knuckles for receiving the wear of the

page_text: joint pin or axis, the processes of manufacture of the said washered hinges being
conducted substantially as herein before described and illustrated in the accom-
panying drawing.
Dated the Thirtieth day of November 1804.
TONKS LIMITED,
ARTHUR G. TONKS,
Director and Secretary.
WILLIAM NOCK.