Improved Annular Liquid-combustible Burner for Incandescent Light.
Year: 1896

page_text: Date of Application, 28th Feb., 1896-Accepted, 18th Apr., 1896
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improved Annular Liquid-combustible Burner for Incandescent
Light.
I, GERHARD DITMAR, of 23, 25, 27 Erdbergstrasse, Vienna, in the Empire of
Austria, Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of my said invention and in
what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement:—
This invention relates to an annular or round burner, by means of which the
liquid combustible sucked through the wick is gasified without the aid of a separate
gasifying flame, the resulting gas being ignited after mixing with air; a very hot,
non-luminant, "blue-flame" thus results. The shape of the latter flame is such
that it is very well adapted for imparting a white, clear, luminant glow to the
known tubular or utricular incandescent bodies. With this improved burner it is
possible to use combustibles which rapidly gasify (such as spirit, the distillates of
petroleum and the like) as also the petroleum in ordinary use. The combustible
is gasified at the top and outer edge of the protruding end of the wick by a small
flame maintained at the top inner side of the wick, which flame simultaneously
ignites the mixture of air and gas. In order to effect this, the cross-sections of the
apertures or canals conducting the currents of air induced by a chimney which
creates a strong sucking action and passing through and without the wick-tube, are
such that the outer current is somewhat stronger than the inner current passing
through the wick-tube; hence the igniting or gasifying flame afore-mentione.
cannot spread over the top and outer edge of the protruding wick. At the same
time the inner current of air is retained or stowed in such manner at the contracted
upper end of the wick-tube that the gasifying flame burns immediately above same
without any danger of being extinguished; a whirling motion is thereby imparted
to the inner current of air, which latter then thoroughly and uniformly mixes with
the gasified combustible, as also with the products of combustion from the igniting-
flame, and thus a regular "blue-flame" is produced.
The burner may also be arranged so that the said inner and outer currents of
air are independent of each other, in order that the small gasifying flame may
be made to burn without spreading over the top and outer parts of the protruding
end of the wick i.e., so that the outer current is strong enough to extinguish any
flame.
The utricular-shape of the "blue-flame" necessary for like-shaped incandescent
bodies is caused by the cap-like extension of a hood arranged so as to leave an
annular space for the outer current between same and the wick-tube, and by the
arrangement and shape of a disc in the centre of such hood. The upper edge of
the latter is bent inwardly somewhat so as to deflect the current of air, while the
edge of said disc tapers.
The inner current of air is in the first place directed inwardly by the contracted
upper end of, or device arranged in, the inner-wick tube, but, after mixing with
the products of combustion of the igniting flame and with the gasified combustible,
is deflected outwardly again by the said tapering edge of the disc, the latter
being arranged slightly above the inwardly-bent edge of the hood.
manner the inner and outer currents of air, together with their respective
admixtures, meet each other at an acute angle and thus combine to produce a long
utricular flame.
In this
For preventing any incompletely-burnt carbonaceous particles from the igniting
flame being carried through the "blue-flame" on to the inner surface of the

page_text: incandescent body, the upper end of the latter is connected to a tube of glass, metal,.
mien, or the like, such tube being extended to the top of the chimney and suitably
secured thereto. The utricular "blue-flame" is thus drawn into said Lube by reason
of the strong suction action created in the latter, and hence no soot can settle on
the incandescent body.
Referring to the accompanying drawing :-
Fig. 1 is a vertical section of the burner provided with an incandescent body and
a separate passage for the inner and outer currents of air.
Fig. 2 shows on a smaller scale a section of the chimney and the tube supporting
the incandescent body.
The burner proper comprises the upper and lower parts A, B, detachably
connected by means of fixing screws M. The wick tube D and the other usual
parts for raising and lowering the wick P are in connection with the lower part B,
wherens the upper part A supports the gallery F for the chimney C, the hood or
cap R for directing the outer current of air, and the rod U for supporting the
incandescent body G and adjustable by means of the screw M. This arrangement
thus allows of the upper part A, together with the chinney and incandescent body,
being readily removed for cleaning and lighting the lamp, and this without any
great risk of damaging the delicate incandescent body.
The parts A and B of the burner are each provided with a series of apertures
for the air, which latter passes between the hood R and wick-tube D and through
the customary opening D to the inside of tube D. The cross section of the
opening D is so arranged that, without any division, the outer current of air is
stronger than that passing through the wick-tube D. As shown in Fig. 1, however,
a partition B' may be made in the lower or upper part of the burner, in which
case the inner and outer currents of air are separated, and a better effect is attained.
A ring or flange K at the inner and upper edge of the wick-tube D retains or
stows the inner-current of air and also prevents the small igniting-flame immediately
above same being extinguished. This obstructing flange Kat the same time
imparts a whirling motion to the inner current of air and, as before described,
causes the latter to intimately mix above the flange K with the products of com-
bustion. A disk E mounted on the top of a rod T and having a tapering edge is
arranged in the centre of the hond R and so that its under surface is about in
alignment with the bent-in edge of same; its tapering edge thus deflects the com-
bustible mixture of the inner current of air and gas so as to strike the inwardly-
directed outer current of air mixed with the gasified combustible, at an acute angle.
It will be seen that the bent-edge S of the hood R causes the outer current to be
deflected inwardly in the inanner described.
Fig. 2 shows the incandescent body G secured at its upper end to a short tube V,
which is supported by the rod U and which opens into a further tube W extending
to near the top of the chimney C.
This tube W is preferably of somewhat larger diameter at its lower end, and
is suitably supported at the top of the chimney C by means of a holder or other
suitable device z. The draught created by the tubes V, W draws the upper edge
of the blue-flame into same and renders incandescent even the top contracted part
of the mantle G; furthermore, any incompletely-burnt carbonaceous particles are
carried through the tubes V, W and thus they cannot settle in the form of soot on
the incandescent body.
The tubes V, W are made of glass, metal, asbestos, mica, or other suitable
material, and are secured preferably in the centre of the chimney C by means of
any suitable device.
Experiments have shown that this burner is capable of producing an incandescent
light no matter what kind of liquid combustible is used, and this quite inde-
pendent of the temperature at which such combustibles ignito or gusify; more-
over, this effect is obtained without the aid of the extra gasifying flame for
separately gasifying the combustible as required for the known burner for
incandescent lights.

page_text: Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is:
1. In an annular liquid-combustible burner for producing incandescent lights
without the aid of a separate gasifying flame, a hood (R) forming an annular
passage for the outer current of air and having a bent-in edge (S), an obstructing
ring or flange (K) in the upper end of wick-tube (D) and a disk (E) having
tapering edge and whose under edge is arranged about in alignment with the
edge (S) of hood (R), substantially as described and shown in the drawing.
2. In an annular burner for liquid combustibles, comprising the parts (A, B)
having a series of apertures for admitting air, and a partition (B) for separating
the inner from the outer current of air, substantially as described and shown in the
drawing.
3. In combination with an annular burner for incandescent lights, a short
tube (V) for supporting the incandescent body, a tube (W) receiving the tube (V)
and extending to near the top of, and held centrally in, the chimney (C), substantially
as and for the purpose described and shown.
Doind this 28th dor of February 1896
ALLISON BROS.,
Agents for the Applicant.