IMPROVED MEANS FOR TRANSMITTING ELECTRICAL IMPULSES TO A DISTANCE ESPECIALLY APPLICABLE TO SUBMARINE TELEGRAPHY
Year: 1883

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Arthur William Lovell Reddie of the Office for Patents
66 Chancery Lane in the County of Middlesex. Patent Agent, for an Invention
of "IMPROVED MEANS FOR TRANSMITTING ELECTRICAL IMPULSES TO A DISTANCE
ESPECIALLY APPLICABLE TO SUBMARINE TELEGRAPHY." Communicated to him
from abroad by La Société Universelle d'électricité Tommasi of Paris in the.
Republic of France
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Arthur William Lovell
Reddie at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 16th October
1883.
ARTHUR WILLIAM LOVELL REDDIE of the Office for Patents 66 Chancery Lane
in the County of Middlesex, Patent Agent. "IMPROVED MEANS FOR TRANSMITTING
ELECTRICAL IMPULSES TO A DISTANCE ESPECIALLY APPLICABLE ΤΟ
"
SUBMARINE
TELEGRAPHY [communicated to him from abroad by La Société Universelle
d'électricité Tommasi of Paris in the Republic of France]
This invention relates to a novel construction and arrangement of induction
relay for facilitating the transmission of electrical impulses to a distance, and is
especially applicable to submarine telegraphy.
It is well known that in long lengths of submarine cables it is essential to
provide them with comparatively thick copper conducting wires in order that the
resistance to the passage of the current may be reduced to a minimum.
By the present invention it is proposed to divide the cable into two or more
lengths, and to introduce relays at or between the severed parts, thereby permitting
the use of conducting wires of a smaller gauge and effecting considerable economy
in the construction and laying of the cable.
The mode of constructing and applying the relay is as follows-
A bobbin provided with a core of soft iron, or a bundle of iron wires, is coiled
around with a double insulated copper wire of suitable gauge, the ends of the
double wires being brought out at the opposite ends of the bobbin. The gauge of
Price Ad

page_text: the copper wire twisted around the core should be such as to give an electrical
resistance precisely equal to that of the conductor in one section of the cable.
The bobbin thus formed is placed in a metal box or case properly formed to
receive it, and through the ends of this box but insulated from it by washers of
insulating material, two metal pins are passed and secured by nuts inside the box.
One end of one of the wires on the bobbin is attached by soldering to one of
these pins, and the other end of that wire is connected to the metal box or case.
The second wire is similarly connected to the other pin and to the metal case.
The box or case is now hermetically closed by means of a plate and screws, and
the severed ends of the copper conducting wire of the cable are respectively
attached by means of solder, to the two ends of the pins outside the box.
The box is now enclosed in a mass of insulating material, giving it by preference
a cylindrical form with conical ends and a pin or screw of some non-oxidisable
metal, such as platinum, is passed through the insulating material and screwed into
the metal box.
The cut ends of the wire rope forming the protective covering of the cable are
now untwisted and the ends screw threaded in reverse directions. The several
ends are then symmetrically arranged round the cylindrical relay and are connected
together in pairs by long nuts which are screwed so as to draw the ends of the cable
together and firmly enclose the relay in a sort of cage, forming an integral part of
the cable.
It will now be understood that supposing the cable to be divided into two parts;
by connecting the transmitting end of the cable by means of a key with a battery,
an impulse will be sent to the relay and pass through one of the wires surrounding
the bobbin; thence to the metal box or case, through the platinum pin to the water,
and so back to the battery, completing the circuit.
In doing this it will magnetize the soft iron core and induce an electrical current
or impulse in the second wire surrounding the bobbin, which current or impulse
will traverse the other section of the cable and passing through the receiving
instrument at the other extremity of the cable will return by the water to the
platinum pin in the relay, and thus complete the second circuit.
Instead of the induced current going to the receiving instrument, it may be
caused to go to a second relay, and there induce a current which may pass to a
third and so on, the cable being divided into as many sections as may be thought
desirable.
By this arrangement the section of the conducting core of the cable may be
greatly reduced in size, and the cost of the cable proportionately lessened, without
any sacrifice of efficiency.
The method employed of twisting or twining the wires in pairs around the
metallic core allows of either of them being used indifferently as the inducing or
induced conductor.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Arthur William Lovell Reddie in the Patent Office on the 16th April
1884.
ARTHUR WILLIAM LOVELL REDDIE of the Office for Patents, 66 Chancery Lane
in the County of Middlesex Patent Agent "IMPROVED MEANS FOR TRANSMITTING
ELECTRICAL IMPULSES TO A DISTANCE, ESPECIALLY APPLICABLE TO SUBMARINE
TELEGRAPHY a communication to me from abroad by La Société Universelle
d'electricité Tommasi of Paris in the Republic of France.
"
This Invention relates to a novel construction and arrangement of induction
relay for facilitating the transmission of electrical impulses to a distance, and is
especially applicable to submarine telegraphy
It is well known that in long lengths of submarine cables it is essential to
provide them, with comparatively thick copper conducting wires in order that
the resistance to the passage of the current may be reduced to a minimum.
By the present Invention it is proposed to divide the cable into two or more
lengths, and to introduce relays at or between the severed parts thereby permitting
the use of conducting wires of a smaller gauge than heretofore, and effecting
considerable economy in the construction and laying of the cable
The Invention will be understood from the following description reference being
made to the accompanying drawings in which Fig 1 is a diagram view of two
sections of cable connected by an induction coil or relay shewing the principle
on which the Invention is based, and Figures 2 to 9 inclusive are detail views.
of the means by which the sections of the line are connected together according to
this invention.
Referring now to Fig 1 A represents the transmitter and B the receiver--The
cable between A and B is divided into two or more sections, two only being here
shewn for the sake of simplicity and these two Sections are coupled by an
induction relay C, consisting essentially of a core of soft iron round which is
wound the free end of the conductor of the first section M, and the free end
of the conductor of the second section N, the said winding being effected in a
perfectly regular and symmetrical manner, that is to say by a series of
contiguous spirals (spires jointives) disposed over the entire surface of the
central core.
Moreover the end D of the conductor M which is wound around the core (as
is also the end E of the conductor N) is connected to the earth T at the point
where the said end projects from the bobbin. One pole of the battery P adjacent
to the transmitter A is connected with the said transmitter while the other pole is
led to earth. Similarly one pole of the receiver B is connected with the conductor N,
and the other pole is led to earth.
Under these conditions the current from the battery P after having passed
through the transmitter A the conductor M and bobbin C, returns by the earth
to the battery whence it started, but owing to its winding on the bobbin C it has
magnetized its core, which has induced a similar current in the conductor N.
This latter current goes to the receiver B and returns by earth to the bobbin
whence it emanated
It will thus be seen that the line is divided into sections of equal length, in
which circulate respectively the the currents M and N, and that consequently
each current has only to traverse a fraction of the total distance. This
arrangement being capable of repetition as many times as is necessary between

page_text: the transmitting and receiving stations, it is evident that the conductor may
be considerably diminished in size and a great economy in the cost of the cable
effected.
In carrying out the Invention on the principles above enunciated the following
is the preferred method of constructing and applying the relay. Fig 2 is an
outside view and Figures 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8 and 9 are detail sectional views of a relay
constructed according to this Invention. A bobbin a (Figures 8 and 9) is formed
of a core of soft iron around which are wound two wires m and n intended to be
joined to the conductors M and N above mentioned. These wires m n are wound
on in a perfectly regular and symmetrical fashion from one end of the bobbin to
the other.
The bobbin a thus formed is placed in a metal box or case b open at one side
to allow of its insertion and having a lid c by which it can with the help of a.
rubber or other packing be hermetically sealed.
Through the ends of this box b but insulated from it by washers e of insulating
material two metal pins d d¹ are passed, and secured by nuts inside the box.
These pins or rods d d are attached at one end by soldering to one of the wires
m and respectively of the bobbin and the other ends of the rods or pins are
joined in the manner shewn at o o¹ with the conductors M and N. This latter
junction may be completed by silver soldering
It should be observed that the wires m and n twisted around the core should
be of very small section so as to give an electrical resistance precisely equal
to that of the conductors M and N of which they form the continuation
respectively
In order to bring the ends of the wires m and n into communication with the
earth after being wound on the bobbin, these extremities m¹ and n¹ are connected
to the metal box b and this metal box is brought into connection by a rod f (see
Fig 8) of unoxydisable metal (which pierces the insulating and impermeable
covering h) with the sea at the point g.
The relay thus constructed is further attached to the cable in the following
manner whereby great solidity and strength are ensured.
Around the covering h which surrounds the box band is preferably of cylindrical
form with tapering ends are arranged a series of wires i (seen best in Fig 2) which
form part of the protecting wires of the main cable j. The cut ends of the
protecting wires are untwisted, screw-threaded in reverse directions, and the
several opposite ends drawn together in pairs by long nuts k as clearly shewn in
Fig: 2.
By this arrangement the relay becomes an integral part of the cable and offers
an equal resistance to its breakage. It should be observed that by the method
of constructing relays for submarine cables as above described that is to say
by forming them of two fine wires such as m and n twisted regularly and
symmetrically in contiguous spirals (spires jointives) around a core of soft iron,
either wire may be used indifferently as the inducing or induced conductor.
The arrangement of these wires m and n is best shewn in Figures 4 and 8
respectively.
Having now described the nature of the said Invention of "Improved means
for transmitting electrical impulses to a distance, especially applicable to submarine
telegraphy" as communicated to me by my Foreign Correspondents, and explained
ip what manner the same may be carried into practical effect I wish it to be
understood that I claim :-
First The adaptation to long distance telegraphy, and especially to submarine
electric cables, of induction relays constructed and operating in the manner herein
above set forth, whereby a cable is divided into two or more sections each having
its own independent circuit, and the size of the conducting wires in each section
and consequent cost of the cable will be greatly reduced.

page_text: Secondly Constructing induction relays for electric telegraph cables as and for
the purpose described with reference to the drawings.
Thirdly Connecting the induction relays with the sections of an electric cable
and securing them in place by the protecting wires of the cable, as set forth.
In witness whereof I the said Arthur William Lovell Reddie have hereunto set
my hand and seal the Sixteenth day of April in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and eighty four.
DATD 117 T DUDDIN
DATED
R W. L
DEDDIN