IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PROCESS OF POURING AND CASTING IRON, STEEL AND OTHER METALS
Year: 1884

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
I, CARL AUGUST CASPERSSON, of Forsbacka in the Kingdom of Sweden do
hereby declare the nature of my Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PROCESS
OF POURING AND CASTING IRON, STEEL AND OTHER METALS,” and in what manner
the same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement:—
The object of this Invention is to procure in the manufacture of iron and steel
solid ingots and castings free from blow-holes; but the method can also be applied
in the casting of other metals which are liable to get blowholes. In order to
obtain this I contrive that the stream of metal falling into the mould be divided
into a great number of small streams, by which means the gases contained in the
metal are enabled to escape, which gases otherwise originate unsound ingots and
castings. I use for this purpose a vessel furnished with openings in the bottom
which I call a colander-funnel, into which the metal is gradually run either from
the furnace or crucible itself or from a ladle, and from this colander-funnel the
metal then runs down in fine streams into the mould which is placed underneath.
The finer the perforations in the colunder-funnel, the better will be the result
obtained, provided always that the perforations are not so small that they become
clogged up by the metal under treatment. To prevent the oxidation of the metal
whilst tapping, some arrangement must be made to exclude the air from the inside
of the mould.
The accompanying Drawing represents, only however by way of an example,
the method of carrying out the invention in the case of ingot moulds which are
filled from above.
Fig. 1 shows a colander-funnel in vertical section placed over an ingot mould.
Fig. 2 shews the colander-funnel as seen from above. A. is the colander-funnel
which consists of a vessel of sheet iron lined inside with fire brick or with a mass
of some refractory substance and perforated in the bottom with fine openings.
B. is part of the handle for manipulating the colander-funnel. C. is a part of the
ingot mould and D a plate which is laid on the top of the mould and fits close to
the same.
In this covering plate are two openings, the one . for the colander-funnel and
the other at F for letting out the air and gases set free during pouring.

page_text: When this method of casting is employed, a covering plate D. is first placed over
the opening for the pouring in of the metal, and on this is placed a suitable
colander-funnel A, greater or less according to the size and shape of the ingot mould,
and through this colander-funnel the inclted metal is then allowed to run into the
mould.
Instead of the loose cover D. the colander-funnel itself can also be furnished
with a flange or collar which rests on the mould and tightens round the funnel.
By thus closing the mould the fine streams of metal are prevented from becoming
oxidated, because the air in the mould is driven out by the gases set free from the
metal during casting.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
Invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is :-
In the process of pouring and casting iron, steel and other metals, dividing the
molten metal into fine streams by means of a colander substantially in the manner
and for the purposes set forth.