Improvements in or relating to Apparatus for the Distribution of Electricity.
Year: 1892

page_text: Date of Application, 28th Mar., 1892
Complete Specification Left, 28th Dec., 1892-Accepted, 11th Mar., 1893
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in or relating to Apparatus for the Distribution of
Electricity.
We, JOHN SMITH RAWORTH of 112 Belvedere Road, Lambeth in the County
of Surrey, and WILLIAM GEIPEL of the same place, both Electrical Engineers, do
hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows :-
This invention has reference to improvements in or relating to those systems of
electric distribution in which the electric current is transmitted from the generating
station to the district to be supplied, and there transformed, either by continuous or
alternating current transformers, to another pressure, generally a low pressure, for
supplying the district or consumer through the usual system of supply mains or
network.
The object of this invention is mainly to enable some of the primary conductors
to be cut out of circuit without necessitating the shutting off of the current in the
secondary system, so that it may be possible with safety to workmen or others to
repair, extend, alter or otherwise manipulate the conductor or conductors cut out of
circuit, while the secondary system is fed by other portions of the primary
system.
For this purpose the transformers are placed between the primary and secondary
conductors as usual, but are arranged to be fed by two or more distinct primary
conductors or circuits which may be connected together at the generating station or
outside the generating station. By this means one or more of the primary con-
ductors can be cut out of circuit while the secondary system is being still fed from
another primary circuit or circuits.
Each transformer is provided with one or more switches whereby it can be dis-
connected from the primary conductor or conductors which it may be desired to cut
out of circuit.
There is also provided, at certain convenient points in the primary system of con-
ductors, switches, cut-outs, and joints, contained in and protected by boxes of
special construction. Each of these boxes is made in two parts whereby the bottom
part carries the switches, cut-outs or joints, and the top part or cover is formed in
one piece of non-porous material with deep sides which rest in a recess or groove
that is formed in the bottom part, and which may be filled with oil to exclude air
and moisture. The conductors enter through the bottom of the box, the apertures
being made water-tight by stuffing boxes or by suitable material as for examples
tallow or bitumen-or by a combination of these.
wax,
L 1000
W. LLOYD WISE,
Per F. J. Brougham,
46, Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, W.C., Agent for the Applicants.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in or relating to Apparatus for the Distribution of
Electricity.
We, JOHN SMITH RAWORTH, of 112 Belvedere Road, Lambeth in the County
of Surrey, and WILLIAM GEIPEL, of the same place, Electrical Engineers,
do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to
be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-
This invention has reference to improvements in or relating to those systems of

page_text: electric distribution in which the electric current is transmitted from the generating
station to the district to be supplied, and there ransformed, either by continuous or
alternating current, transformers, to another pressure, generally a low pressure, for
supplying the district or consumer through the usual system of supply mains or
network.
-The object of this invention is mainly to enable some of the primary conductors
to be cut out of circuit without necessitating the shutting off of the current in the
secondary system, so that it may be possible with safety to workmen or others to
repair, extend, alter or otherwise manipulate the conductor or conductors cut out
of circuit, while the secondary system is fed by other portions of the primary
system.
For this purpose the transformers are placed between the primary and secondary
conductors as usual, but they are arranged to be fed by two or more distinct
primary conductors or circuits which may be connected together at the generating
station or outside the generating station. By this means one or more of the
primary conductors can be cut out of circuit while the secondary system is being
still fed from another primary circuit or circuits.
Each transformer is provided with one or more switches whereby it. can be
disconnected from the primary conductor or conductors which it may be desired to
cut out of circuit.
Referring to the accompanying drawings,
Fig. 1 shows diagrammatically our system of electric distribution.
P1, P2, Pa, are the primary conductors of which for example we have shown
three pairs. Some of these, as for instance P2 and P2, may be coupled into one by
suitable switches S₁ and S. S, S, are switches by which the primary current to
the transformers from the primary mains can be shut off, and s, s, are switches by
which the secondary current from the transformers to the secondary mains M M
can be shut off. The transformers T₁, T., and T, are adapted to be connected
respectively to the primary mains P₁ P, and P. Assuming that they are so con-
nected, then if it be desired for any purpose to cut out of circuit one pair of primary
mains say for instance the primary mains P₁, then the corresponding switches S
and s of the transformer or transformers connected therewith, in this case T₁ are
opened the feeding of the secondary system M being continued by the other trans-
formers connected to the other portions of the primary system, in this case from
the primary conductors P, and P.
1
2
Cut-outs or safety fuses are fitted as is customary; these need not be described
here.
The secondary system M.supplies the lamps motors or other translating devices L
for utilising the current. It is sometimes desirable to have a separate transformer
or transformers for supplying lamps or other devices from the primary mains
independently of the secondary system M. A transformer for this purpose is shown
at T for operating lamps or other devices. This is a well known method of
supplying current and therefore forms no part of this invention though it may be
used in connection with our system.
There is provided at certain convenient points in the primary system of con-
ductors, switches, cut-outs and joints contained in and protected by boxes of special
construction. Each of these boxes is made in two parts of which the bottom part
carries the switches, cut-outs or joints, and the top part or cover is formed in one
piece of non-porous material with deep sides which rest in a recess or groove formed
in the bottom part, and which may be filled with oil to exclude air and moisture.
The conductors enter through the bottom of the box, the apertures being made
water tight by stuffing boxes, or by suitable material as for examples wax, tallow or
bitumen or by a combination of these.
-
Fig. 2 is a plan with the cover removed; and
Figs. 3 and 4 vertical sections in planes at right angles to each other, of one of
our specially constructed boxes for protecting switches, cut-outs and joints that
shown being more especially suitable for protecting joints for concentric conductors.

page_text: The box can however be readily adapted for protecting switches and cut outs and
joints for non-concentric conductors. A, B, are the two parts of the box. The
bottom part B carries an insulating base K on which are secured the joints, or it
may be switches, or cut outs. Around the upper edge of this base is a groove L
formed between the outer periphery of the base and an upwardly projecting
portion or rim M. This groove is to contain oil to prevent surface leakage, for
which purpose also the space inside the rim M may be filled with some suitable
insulator, as oil or wax.
The upper part or cover A is of inverted cup or bell shape and is formed pre-
ferably in one piece, of non-porous material. C is the recess or groove in the
bottom part B in which the lower edges of the cover A. rest. This recess serves
to contain oil or other liquid seal to exclude air and moisture. A flange A' on the
cover A projects over the recess or groove. The said cover may simply rest on
the bottom as shown or the two may be bolted screwed or otherwise secured
together. The conductors enter the box through its bottom the apertures through
which they pass being made water-tight by stuffing boxes D, filled with suitable
packing material as for example wax, tallow or bitumen, or a mixture of these.
To provide for withdrawing the wax, if required, holes E may be formed in the
sides of the stuffing boxes suitable plugs being normally inserted in these holes to
keep out moisture. The concentric conductors are jointed as follows:-The outside
strands are opened out radially and clamped between a metal base F and clamping
plates G secured to the base by set screws in the ordinary way. The inside con-
ductors are connected by the clamps H as we prefer to use a mechanical joint,
although an ordinary soldered joint may be used. In order to further protect the
joints, more especially when the cover is removed or is being replaced, a cover J is
placed over the same. This cover is made of a suitable insulating material, such
as porcelain, and has in its upper part a cup or recess in which may be placed any
suitable dehydrating agent such as chloride of calcium by which the air within the
box is kept dry.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed we declare that what we
claim is:
1. For distributing electricity by transformers, the combination with the
secondary or low tension circuit or system and transformers for feeding the same,
of two or more pairs of high tension or primary conductors connected with the
several transformers in such a manner that either of the said pairs of primary con-
ductors can be cut out of circuit without stopping the supply of electricity to the
secondary or low tension circuit or system from the other pair or pairs of primary
conductors substantially as described and shown.
2. The improved construction of box for containing electrical connections,
switches or cut-outs substantially as described with reference to and shown in
Figs. 2, 3 and 4 of the accompanying drawings.
Dated this 26th day of December 1892.
JOHN SMITH RAWORTH.
W. Lloyd Wise,
Per F. J. Brougham,
46, Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, W.C., Agent for the Applicants.