IMPROVED ARRANGEMENTS, APPARATUS, OR APPLIANCES FOR FACILITATING THE APPLICATION AND USE, IN VARIOUS OPERATIONS, OF PREPARED GUTTA PERCHA AND OTHER SUITABLE CEMENTS OR CEMENTING SUBSTANCES
Year: 1877

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Walter Smartt, of Buckhurst Hill, in the County of
Essex, for the Invention of "IMPROVED ARRANGEMENTS, APPARATUS, OR
APPLIANCES FOR FACILITATING THE APPLICATION AND USE, IN VARIOUS
OPERATIONS, OF PREPARED GUTTA PERCHA AND OTHER SUITABLE CEMENTS OR
CEMENTING SUBSTANCES."
Sealed the 14th August 1877, and dated the 21st February 1877.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Walter Smartt at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 21st February 1877.
WALTER SMARTT, of Buckhurst Hill, in the County of Essex. " IMPROVED
ARRANGEMENTS, APPARATUS, OR APPLIANCES FOR FACILITATING THE APPLICATION
AND USE, IN VARIOUS OPERATIONS, OF PREPARED GUTTA PERCHA AND OTHER
SUITABLE CEMENTS OR CEMENTING SUBSTANCES."
This Invention is intended for facilitating the preparing for the application or use,
and the perfecting or finishing, or one or more of them, of the firmer cements,
compounds, or substances, that is to say, of cements, compounds, or substances,
which more or less resemble in the manner in which they can be conveniently used,
the cements, compounds, or substances prepared of or from gutta percha, india-
rubber, balata, pitch, and similar or equivalent gums, resins, or substances, whether
the same be simple or compound, and for facilitating the preparing articles or
surfaces to be treated, and putting them in satisfactory order when treated,
whether the cements, compounds, or substances be used for the purpose of cement-
ing or joining two or more surfaces or substances, or simply as a coating to resist
moisture or wear, or for ornamenting, or for other reason or purpose.
Having explained for what this Invention is intended to be used, I now use the
word "cement" only to the end of this Provisional Specification.
This Invention consists in attaching one or more of the said cements to an iron
or other handle of suitable dimensions, form, and construction, and in attaching to
the said handle, in a more or less permanent manner, or in having as part of the said
handle, either one or more instruments or appliances of material, form, and con-
struction suitable for facilitating the several before-mentioned operations.

page_text: While several parts of the Invention may be changed or varied considerably in
materials, form, construction, and arrangement to adapt it to the various circum-
stances or conditions under which it may be expected to be used or adopted, I
prefer for all ordinary purposes only to use one kind of cement, which should adhere
well, should be sufficiently strong, waterproof, and elastic, and should wear well.
That such cement should be attached to a handle consisting preferably of oval, half
round, or round iron about 3/8 inch average diameter, and about 12 inches long, and
that to the said handle there should be cast or otherwise attached a piece of steel or
hard iron about 1 inches across, about 1/, inch thick at the centre, and thin at the
sides, and with one or more sides sharp, and with one or more sides serrated, and
having sufficient sharp points or teeth.
It may be advisable to attach two or more kinds of cement to a handle when
qualities or conditions are required which are not in or with one cement, or for other
reasons.
For ordinary use the handle before described will be found inexpensive and
useful, but for cementing under some conditions or circumstances it may be
advisable to increase or decrease the length or thickness, or to change the form,
construction, or material.
The handle may be of two or more pieces for being made to slide as a telescope
or for other purpose; a projection preventing the cement when soft from touching
and adhering where not required, may with other such additions be attached to the
handle when considered necessary. The iron handle may be used heated. I find
wood / inch in average diameter sufficient for small quantities of cement and a
little less in first cost than.iron.
Wood may be used with advantage with larger quantities of some cements, but
others when being finished or shaped will adhere to wood, or to the hand, or to
many other things or substances, unless these be kept moist, or unless a non-adhesive
powder or other coating be used.
Copper and other substances, from their tendency not to adhere, or from the beat
they convey, are useful for smoothing or shaping the cement, but while one or more
of these may be used for one or more parts of this Invention, I do not recommend
them for general use because of their cost.
The appliances before described, though useful for general purposes, cannot be used
ón some uneven surfaces or under some other conditions. In such cases, and for
ornamental or elaborate or other more or less exceptional work, I make the
appliances of the same or other suitable materials, and of more or less elaborate
construction, and use as many of them with cach handle for each work as may be
found necessary.
I attach the appliances by casting, by screw, or in any other suitable manner
to the handle.
The handles or the appliances, or both, may be used either heated or moistened,
or in any other condition, and either with or without other additions, instruments,
or appliances unconnected with this Invention for moulding the cement, or other-
wise completing the work in a plain or an artistic manner as well as for the several
other operations more or less connected with the use of the cement.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Walter Smartt in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 21st August
1877.
WALTER SMARTT, of Buckhurst Hill, in the County of Essex. " IMPROVED
ARRANGEMENTS, APPARATUS, OR APPLIANCES FOR FACILITATING THE APPLICATION
AND USE, IN VARIOUS OPERATIONS, OF PREPARED GUTTA PERCHA AND OTHER
SUITABLE CEMENTS OR CEMENTING SUBSTANCES."

page_text: This Invention is intended for facilitating the preparing, the application, or use,
and the perfecting or finishing, or one or more thereof, of the firmer cements,
compounds, or substances, which more or less resemble in the manner in which they
can be conveniently used, the cements, compounds, or substances prepared of or from
gutta percha, india-rubber, balata, pitch, and similar or equivalent gums, resins, or
substances, whether the same be simple or compound, and for facilitating the
preparing articles or surfaces to be treated, and putting them in satisfactory order
when treated, whether the cements, compounds, or substances be used for the.
purpose of cementing or joining two or more surfaces or substances, or simply
as a coating to resist moisture or wear, or for ornamenting, or for other reason or
purpose.
Having explained for what this Invention is intended to be used, I shall now use
the word "cement" only to the end of this Specification.
This Invention consists in attaching one or more of the said cements to an iron or
other handle of suitable dimensions, form, and construction, and in attaching to the
said handle in a more or less permanent manner, or in having as part of the said
handle either one or more instruments or appliances of any material, form, and con-
struction suitable for facilitating the several before-mentioned operations.
Several parts of the Invention may be changed or varied considerably in
materials, form, construction. and arrangement to adapt it to the various circum-
stances or conditions under which it may be expected to be used or adopted, though
I prefer for all ordinary purposes only to use one kind of cement, which should
adhere well, should be sufficiently strong, waterproof, and elastic, and should wear
well, and that such cement should be attached to a handle consisting preferably of
oval, half round, or round iron about 3/8 inch average diameter, and from 12 to
18 inches long, and that to the said handle there should be cast or otherwise attached
a piece of steel or hard iron about 1/2 inches across, about 1/4 inch thick at the
centre, and thin at the sides, and with one or more sides sharp, and with one or more
sides serrated, and having sufficient sharp points or teeth.
It may be advisable to attach two or more kinds of cement to a handle when
qualities or conditions are required which are not in or with one cement, or for other
reasons.
For ordinary use the handle before described will be found inexpensive and
useful, but for cementing under some conditions or circumstances it may be
advisable to increase or decrease the length or thickness, or to change the form,
construction, or material.
The handle may be of two or more pieces for being made to slide as a telescope'
or for other purpose; a projection to act as a rest, or otherwise, for preventing the
cement when soft from touching and adhering where not required, may with other
such additions be attached to the handle when considered necessary. The iron
handle may be used heated. I find wood half an inch in average diameter sufficient
for small quantities of cement and a little less in first cost than iron.
Wood may be used with advantage with larger quantities of some cements, but
others when being finished or shaped will adhere to wood, or to the hand, or to
many other things or substances, unless these be kept moist, or unless a non-adhesive
powder or other coating be used.
Copper and other substances from their tendency not to adhere or from the heat
they convey are useful for smoothing or shaping the cement, but while one or more
of these may be used for one or more parts of this Invention, I do not recommend
them for general use because of their cost.
The appliances before described, though useful for general purposes, cannot be
used on some uneven surfaces or under some other conditions. In such cases, and
for ornamental or elaborate or other more or less exceptional work, I make the
appliances of the same or other suitable materials, and of more or less elaborate
construction, and use, as many of them with each handle for each work as may be
found necessary.

page_text: . I attach the appliances by casting, by screw; by cement, or in any other suitable
manner to the handle.
The handles or the appliances, or both, may be used either heated or moistened, or
in any other condition, and either with or without other additions, instruments, or
appliances unconnected with this Invention, for moulding the cement or otherwise
completing the work in a plain or an artistic manner, as well as for the several other
operations more or less connected with the use of the cement.
I may here observe that when no more cement is attached to a handle than is to
be used in one operation, it may be attached to the end of the handle, and when the
said cement has been transferred to the surface operated upon the handle may
be heated for use. When larger quantities are attached it will generally be found
better for these not to be at the ends, which will enable the latter to be heated and
used.
A non-conducting substance may be used, when considered necessary, to prevent
heat passing to the cement from the handle when the latter is used heated.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Fig. 1 represents an elevation of one form of my improved apparatus or appliances.
Fig. 2 is elevation of a modified form.
In these Figures A is the handle, at one end of which is the appliance B, same
having a jagged edge and a sharp edge, as shown; C is the cement.
In Fig. 1 the cement is of one kind, but two or more kinds. of cement may be
attached, same being of suitable qualities.
The action is as follows (taking as an example, a boot or shoe sole):-The sharp
edge of the part B is first applied to the sole so as to remove all dirt, &c., then the
jagged end of B can be applied to roughen the surface to be cemented, which should
be thoroughly clean, dry, and hot. Then heat the cement and apply it evenly over
the surface, working it while heated until it adheres thoroughly and is quite solid
and free from. air, using for this purpose the handle (A) or any suitable separate
instrument heated, or a hand wet with cold water. Use appliances, as necessary.
In some cases the cement is placed, as shown in Fig. 2, and the handle is
prolonged as at E, and a rest (F) may also be applied. The portion E is generally
used for the purpose of spreading evenly over the surface the cement, when applied,
and same is heated for this purpose. To prevent the heat from this portion acting
on the coment C a non-conductor of heat is generally placed between the handle
and the cement.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature and object of the
said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed or carried out
in practice, I hereby declare that I claim the Invention consisting in the combination
of improved arrangements, apparatus, or appliances for facilitating the application
and use in various operations of prepared gutta percha and other suitable cements
or cementing substances, substantially as the same is herein-before set forth and
described and illustrated by the accompanying Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said Walter Smartt, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this Twentieth day of August, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and seventy-seven.
Witness,
W. HILLIER,
21, Cockspur St.,
London.
W. SMARTT. (L.S.)