Improvements in Cut Pile Fabrics.
Year: 1898

page_text: Date of Application, 17th May, 1898-Accepted, 2nd July, 1898
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Cut Pile Fabrics.
I, HARRY HARDWICK, of 3,152, North Broad Street, in the City of Philadelphia,
State of Pennsylvania, United States of America, Carpet Manufacturer, do hereby
declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:
The object of my invention is to so weave a Wilton or like cut pile carpet fabric
that the pile tufts will be permitted to spread more uniformly than is the case in
an ordinary fabric of this class, so that I can produce an effective imitation of an
Axminster or chenille carpet or rug.
This object I attain by laterally separating the successive sets of pile warps to
a greater extent than usual, by the use of alternating sets of divider warps, each
of which sets may comprise simply a pair or a series of fine binding wraps, but by
preference each set also includes a heavier or stuffer wrap, as will be hereinafter
fully described with reference to the accompanying drawings of which Figure 1
represents, in diagrammatic form, and widely separated from each other, the
various warp and weft threads of which my improved fabric is composed;
Figure 2 is an exaggerated view shewing a section of the fabric taken in the
direction of the weft, on the line ww, Figure 1;
Figure 3 is a section of the fabric taken in the direction of the warp on the
line Figure 1; and
Figure 4 is a section of the fabric on the line y-y Figure 1.
In the present instance I have shewn my invention as embodied in that form of
carpet fabric known as a "five frame Wilton," that is to say, a fabric having five
threads in each set of pile forming warps, which threads I have, in the drawing,
numbered 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 respectively.
With each set of pile threads I have also, in the present instance, combined a
heavy or stuffer warp thread 6, but the use of such stuffer warp is not essential
and it may be dispensed with if desired.
Between adjacent sets of pile warp threads, are sets of divider warps, each set
comprising two pairs of fine binding warps, and an interposed heavier warp, one
pair of binder warps being numbered 7 and 8 and the other pair being numbered
9 and 10, while the interposed warp thread is numbered 11, and may be composed
of a single strand or of any desired number of smaller strands shedded as a unit.
The various warp threads are, in the present instance, combined with weft
threads in sets of three, numbered respectively 12, 13 and 14, the pile wraps being
bound down by the upper weft threads 12 and 13 and bound on the back by the
lower threads 14, this forming the well known three shot binder.
It should be understood, however, that my invention is not limited to a fabric
having three binding wefts disposed in the manner described as any desired
arrangement of binder wefts may be used, and stuffing warps may be used in the
backing in order to give increased body to the fabric, without departing from the
essential features of my invention.
In weaving the fabric the pile warps are controlled by the jacquard machine as

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usual, and each pair of fine binding warps is controlled by a pair of heddles, an
additional heddle being employed for the control of the warp 11 when the latter is
employed, for it is to be understood that although I prefer to use this additional
warp, it is not essential to the proper carrying out of my invention, as the sets
of divider warps interposed between the sets of pile warps may each consist of
two or more sets of fine binding warps, the object being to effect the lateral or
transverse separation of the pile tufts, and the lateral as well as longitudinal com-
pression of the bases of the said tufts, so that each tuft will be at liberty to
spread both laterally and longitudinally, whereby I am enabled to produce, in an
ordinary Brussels or Wilton loom, a fabric having a surface closely resembling
that of an Axminster carpet, or a rug produced by the use
of chenille, my
improved method of production being however, considerably cheaper.
My invention also enables me to increase the number of colours in the fabric
without increasing the cost as compared with an ordinary Wilton carpet having
the same number of pile warp threads, for instance, in weaving an ordinary five
frame Wilton carpet each reed space accommodates a set of five pile wrap threads
of different colours, all of the sets being alike, and there being employed in the
harness five mails for each reed space.
In weaving my improved fabric, however, alternate reed spaces are occupied by
the divider warps, hence I can use for each of these alternate reed spaces mails
carrying an extra set of three, four, or five pile warps which may pass through the
same space of the reed as the adjacent set of pile warps and which thus provide
for the addition of three, four or five extra colours to the fabric without any
increase of jacquard capacity, and while still within the limit of cost of an
ordinary five frame Wilton carpet, this use of additional colours enabling me to
more closely imitate the patterns of Axminster or chenille goods which contain a
greater diversity of colour than can be obtained in Wilton or other cut pile fabrics
woven in the usual manner.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is:-
1. A cut pile fabric having sets of pile warp alternating with sets of divider
warp, the whole being interwoven with binding wefts, the pile being formed by
upwardly extending tufts of warp thread, and the sets of divider warp each
containing two or more pairs of binder warps so separated as to laterally compress
the bases of the tufts of pile warp, substantially as herein before described.
2. A cut pile fabric having sets of pile warp alternating with sets of divider
warp, the whole being interwoven with binding wefts, the pile being formed by
upwardly extending tufts of warp thread, and each set of divider warp comprising
one or more pairs of binder warp and one or more strands of stuffer warp, sub-
stantially as hereinbefore described.
Dated this 17th day of May 1898.
JOHNSONS & WILLCOX,
47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, W.C., Agents.

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