IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CARPETS, AND IN WARPING AND PREPARING WARPS FOR THE SAME, AND IN THE MACHINERY OR APPARATUS TO BE EMPLOYED THEREFOR PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION
Year: 1867

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Archibald Turner, of Leicester, Elastic Fabric
Manufacturer, and William Edward Newton, of 66,,Chancery Lane, in
the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CARPETS, AND IN WARPING AND PREPARING
WARPS FOR THE SAME, AND IN THE MACHINERY OR APPARATUS TO BE EMPLOYED
THEREFOR
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Archibald Turner and
William Edward Newton at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 29th November 1867.
We, ARCHIBALD TURNER, of Leicester, Elastic Fabric Manufacturer, and
WILLIAM EDWARD NEWTON, of 66, Chancery Lane, in the County of Mid-
dlesex, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CARPETS, AND IN WARPING AND PRE-
PARING WARPS FOR THE SAME, AND IN THE MACHINERY OR APPARATUS TO BE
EMPLOYED THEREFOB," to be as follows:-
The first part of our Invention relates to a novel mode of delivering the
warp from the warp beams, whereby an uniform length of warp is delivered at
every beat up whatever may be the diameter of the warp beam. To this end
instead of actuating the warp beam directly from the batten or from the
driving shaft, as is now usually the case, we actuate it by means of gearing
worked by a pair of cone pullies, one of which is driven at uniform speed by:
the main driving shaft and the other or second cone is driven by a belt, strap,
or band, which is actuated by the first cone.. This strap or band is capable

page_text: of being moved laterally along the cone pullies from the smaller to the larger
diameter of No. 1, and from the larger to the smaller diameter of No. 2, so
that as the band is gradually shifted laterally in this manner the pulley No. 2
will be increased in speed. This lateral shifting of the belt, band, or strap of
the cone pullies is effected by means of a fork or belt shifter at the end of a
lever, which is acted upon by a presser block which rests on the surface of
the
warp beam, so that as the warp is drawn or delivered off from the beam
and the latter thereby diminishes in diameter, the presser block and lever
will descend and in so doing will move the belt shifter, and consequently the
belt or driving band along the cone pullies, and thus increase the speed of
No. 2 pulley in proportion to the decrease in diameter of the warp beam. It
will be understood that as the warp beam decreases in diameter it must be
driven at an increased speed in order to deliver off an uniform length of warp.
This is effected by means of a crank or excentric on the axle or shaft of
No. 2 cone pulley being made by means of a rod and click at its end to drive
forward a ratchet wheel on the axle of the warp beam.
The object of the second part of the Invention is to produce warps for the
manufacture of piled fabrics in which all the separate threads, more especially
those of the ground warp and stuffing, shall be of equal length and tension
throughout the whole warp. It has been found that in warps beamed in the
ordinary way, that is, wound directly from the bobbins on to the beam, the
threads, although they may be of uniform total length, are often slack in some
parts of the warp and tight in others owing to the defective manner in which
they have been wound on to the beam.
To remedy this defect and the inconvenience arising therefrom, instead of
winding directly from the bobbins on to the warp beam as is now the case,
we pass the threads from the bobbins through a guide plate or reed, and from
thence on to a drum of large diameter, which we call a "mill." When this
is done all the threads will be of equal length and equal tension throughout
the warp. The warp is then beamed from the large drum of the warping mill
on to the warp beam, and by this means no threads will be slack at one part
of the warp and tight at another as is now the case, but all will be of uniform
tension throughout.
In the manufacture of carpets it is of the greatest importance that all the
warp threads should be of equal tightness throughout, but more especially the
threads of the ground warp and the stuffing, otherwise the fabric will be tight
at one part and slack at another, and the consequence will be that the fabric
will be uneven, and the pattern will be longer at one place than at:another,
and consequently will not match.

page_text: Uniformity of tension or tightness of the warp threads throughout the
entire length of the warps will always be ensured if the warps are beamed in
the manner berein-before explained, but if it be found inconvenient to beam
the warps in the manner just described, or in cases where warps have been
beamed in the ordinary manner, an uniformity in the tightness of the threads.
may be obtained by causing each separate thread of the warp to pass over,
and under two or more horizontal tension or friction bars placed at any con-
venient distance apart, so that a lingo or weight may be suspended from.
every one of such warp threads, and thus keep it in uniform tension.
If it be found inconvenient to use weights for the purpose of producing the
required amount of tightness on the warp threads, this may be obtained by,
causing the separate warp threads to pass through eyes or mailles at the ends.
of elastic cords or springs, which by their elasticity will draw the threads.
down between the tension bars and take up any slack in the threads,.so
as to create more friction on them, and thus keep back the slack parts of
the warp.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Archibald Turner and William Edward Newton in the
Great Seal Patent Office on the 29th May 1868.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we,. ARCHIBALD
TURNER, of Leicester, Elastic Fabric Manufacturer, and WILLIAM EDWARD
NEWTON, of 66, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-ninth day of November, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-seven, in the thirty-first year
of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant
unto us, the said Archibald Turner and William Edward Newton, Her
special licence that we, the said Archibald Turner and William Edward
Newton, our executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as we,
the said Archibald Turner and William Edward Newton, our executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others,
from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed,
should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within' the United
Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of
Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CARPETS,

page_text: AND IN WARPING AND PREPARING WARPS FOR THE SAME, AND IN THE MACHINERY
OB APPARATUS TO EMPLOYED THEREFOR," upon the condition (amongst others) that
we, the said Archibald Turner anil William Edward Newton, our executors
or administrators, by an instrument in writing under our, or their, or one of
their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature
of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed,
and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said William Edward Newton, on behalf
of myself and of the said Archibald Turner, do hereby declare the nature of
our said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be
particularly described and acertained in and by the following statement,
reference being had to the Drawing hereunto annexed, and to the letters and
figures marked thereon (that is to say ):-
.
The first part of our Invention relates particularly to the manufacture of
carpets, and consists of a novel mode of delivering the warp from the warp
beams, whereby an uniform length of warp is delivered at every beat up
whatever may be the diameter of the warp beam. The object of this part of
the Invention is to deliver the warp from the warp beams, more particularly
the ground warp and stuffer of carpet looms, with such uniformity and
accuracy that the pattern when produced on the woven fabric may be every-
where throughout the piece or any number of pieces woven in the same loom
of exactly the same length; so that when two lengths of carpet of the same
pattern are placed side by side. the pattern thereon. will always match to a
nicety.
In ordinary carpet looms the difficulty of matching the pattern in length
everywhere throughout is very great, and requires constant vigilance on the
part of the weaver. In looms of various kinds uniformity throughout the
fabric is sought to be effected by adapting an automatic device to be applied
to the taking up or work roller, but this arrangement will only partially
answer the purpose, and will not produce perfect uniformity in the length of
the pattern. In carpet looms the warp beam has usually been actuated
directly from the baiten, or from the driving shaft, but instead of this
arrangement we actuate the ground warp beam and also the stuffer beam by
means of gearing worked by a pair of cone pullies, one of which is driven at
uniform speed by the main driving shaft, and the other or second cone is
driven by a belt, strap, or band which is actuated by the first cone.
In the accompanying Drawings Fig. 1 is a sectional elevation of 'so much

page_text: of a carpet loom as is necessary to explain the nature and mode of carrying
out this improvement; Fig. 1 is a front elevation of the same.
}
a is the ground warp beam, which is actuated in the manner just referred
to, as will be hereafter more particularly explained; 6 is the beam which
carries the stuffer warp, but in order to avoid unnecessary complexity in the
Drawing the actuating gear is not shewn as adapted thereto; it is, however,"
similar in arrangement and construction to that shewn as adapted to the
ground warp beam a. The crank shaft c by means of the slotted lever c¹ and
connecting rod actuates the batten, which is not shewn in the Drawing, and
and on this crank shaft is keyed a band pulley d, which by means of a
band d drives at an uniform speed the cone pulley e; a second cone pulley f
is driven by a strap or band e', which is capable of being moved laterally along!
the cone pullies e and f from the smaller to the larger diameter of e, and
from the larger to the smaller diameter of f, so that as the band e' is
gradually shifted laterally in this manner the pulley f will be increased in
speed. This lateral shifting of the belt band or strap e¹ of the cone pullies e
and f, is effected by means of a fork or belt shifter g at the end of a lever gt.
on the rocking shaft h, which is acted upon by a presser block i at the end
of another lever also mounted on the rocking shaft. The presser block i'
rests or bears on the surface of the warp on the beam a, so that as the warp
is drawn or delivered off from the beam, and the latter thereby diminishes in
diameter, the presser block i and lever will descend, and in so doing will'
rock the shaft h, and by means of the lever g¹ will move the belt shifter,
9,
and consequently the belt or driving band e¹ along the cone pullies e and f,
and will thus increase the speed of the pulley f in proportion to the decrease
in diameter of the warp on the beam a. It will be understood that as the
warp beam a decreases in diameter it must be driven at an increased speed"
in order to deliver off an uniform length of warp. This is effected by means"
of a crank or excentric f, shewn by dots in Fig. 1, on the axle or shaft of the
cone pulley f, being made by means of a lever and click j¹ at its end to
drive forward a ratchet wheel k on the axle of the warp beam a.
'
:
Fig. 2 represents in sectional elevation a modification of the above. In"
this Figure the conical pullies e and f are arranged and actuated in a some-
what different manner. a is the ground warp beam; b, the stuffer beam;
c, the crank shaft or main driving shaft, on which is mounted a bevil wheel d,
which by means of a similar wheel d¹ on the vertical shaft d' communicates
motion to the cone pulley e by means of a worm on the lower end of shaft d*,
gearing into the worm wheel d³ on the axle of the cone pulley . This latter
by means of the belt e¹ drives the other cone pulley f as in the former"

page_text: instance. A block i jointed to the lever i on the working shaft h rests or
presses on the surface of the warp beam a, and as the latter varies causes the
shaft h to vibrate or rock on its axis, and by this means move the belt
shifter g, and thus shift the belt along the pullies.. The letting-off motion is.
similar to that shewn and described in reference to Fig. 1, and is actuated by
the excentric f¹ on the axle of the cone pulley f.
The object of. the second part of the Invention is to produce warps for the
manufacture of piled fabrics, in which all the separate threads, more especially
those of the ground warp and stuffing, shall be of equal length and tension
throughout the whole warp. It has been found that in warps beamed in the
ordinary way (that is, wound directly from the bobbins on to the beam), that
the threads although they may be of uniform total length, are often slack in
some parts of the warp and tight in others owing to the defective manner in
which they have been wound on to the beam...
+
To remedy this defect and the inconvenience arising therefrom, instead of
winding directly from the bobbins on to the warp beam as is now the case, we
pass the threads from the bobbins in the usual manner through the sizing
trough and drying cylinders, and through a guide plate or reed, and from
thence, when the warp is dry, on to a drum of large diameter, which we call a
"mill." The mechanical arrangements for effecting this part of the Invention
are shewn at Fig. 3, in which 1, 1, is the frame in which the bobbins to be
wound off or warped are placed in the usual manner. The threads are drawn
from the bobbins and pass over a roller into the sizing trough, and from
thence through the drying cylinders, neither of which are shewn in the
Drawing, as they constitute no part of the Invention. From the drying
cylinders they pass through the guide plate or reed over the roller m, and
from thence on to the large drum or swift o. When this has been done all
the threads will be of equal length and equal tension throughout the warp,
and the warp may then be beamed from the large drum o of the warping mill
on to the warp beam a, Figures 1 and 2, and by this means no threads will
be slack at one. part of the warp and tight at another as is now the case, but
all will be of uniform tension throughout.
In the manufacture of carpets it is of the greatest importance that all the
ground warp threads and stuffer should be of equal tightness throughout, but
more especially the threads of the ground warp, otherwise the fabric will be
tight at one part and slack at another, and the consequence will be that the
fabric will be uneven, and the pattern will be longer at one place than at
another, and consequently will not match when two parts of the same piece
of carpet are placed side by side.

page_text: Uniformity of tension or tightness of the warp threads throughout the
entire length of the warps will always be ensured if the warps are beamed in
the manner herein-before explained, but if it be found inconvenient to beam
the warps in the manner just described, or in cases where warps have been
beamed in the ordinary manner, an uniformity in the tightness of the threads
may be obtained by causing each separate thread of the warp to pass over
and under two or more horizontal tension or friction bars placed at any con-
venient distance apart, so that a lingo or weight may be suspended from every
one of such warp threads, and thus keep it in uniform tension. If it be found
inconvenient to use weights for the purpose of producing the required amount
of tightness on the warp threads, this may be obtained by causing the separate
warp threads to pass through eyes or mailles at the ends of elastic cords or
springs, which by their elasticity will draw the threads down between the
tension bars and take up any slack in the threads, so as to create more friction
on them, and thus keep back the slack parts of the warps. It is, however,
greatly to be preferred that the ground warp and stuffer should be warped on
to a mill, as already explained and shewn in Fig. 3 of the Drawings.
Having now described our Invention, and having explained the manner of
carrying the same into effect, we claim as the Invention secured to us by
Letters Patent as aforesaid,-
First. The means herein set forth of letting off the warp from the warp
beams of carpet looms, so that an uniform quantity may be let off, what-
ever may be the size or diameter of the warp beam, for the purpose above
set forth.
Second. We claim the mode or means herein set forth for warping warps
for carpet looms, so that all the threads of the warp may be of uniform
tension throughout the weaving operation.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Edward Newton, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, the Twenty-ninth day of May, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-eight.
Witness,
J. W. MOFFATT,
66, Chancery Lane.
W. E. NEWTON. (L.B.)