IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR EFFECTING THE DRAWING, SPINNING, TWISTING, AND LAYING OF HEMP, FLAX, Tow, WORSTED, WOOL, SILK, COTTON, CHINA GRASS, OR OTHER FIBROUS MATERIAL FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF YARN, THREAD, TWINE, CORD, OR ROPE, WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE ALSQ APPLICABLE TO THE MANUFACTURE OF CORD OR ROPE FROM IRON OR OTHER METAL WIRE
Year: 1867

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Bywater, of the Sweet Street Foundry,
Holbeck, near Leeds, in the County of York, for the Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR EFFECTING THE DRAWING, SPINNING,
TWISTING, AND LAYING OF HEMP, FLAX, Tow, WORSTED, WOOL, SILK,
COTTON, CHINA GRASS, OR OTHER FIBROUS MATERIAL FOR THE MANUFACTURE
OF YARN, THREAD, TWINE, CORD, OR ROPE, WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE ALSQ
APPLICABLE TO THE MANUFACTURE OF CORD OR ROPE FROM IRON OR OTHER
METAL WIRE."
Sealed the 17th September 1867, and dated the 29th March 1867.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Bywater at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 29th
March 1867.
I, WILLIAM BYWATER, of the Sweet Street Foundry, Holbeck, near Leeds,
in the County of York, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR EFFECTING THE DRAWING, SPINNING,
TWISTING, AND LAYING OF HEMP, FLAX, Tow, WORSTED, WOOL, SILK, COTTON,
CHINA GRASS, OR OTHER FIBROUS MATERIAL FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF YARN,
THREAD, TWINE, CORD, OR ROPE, WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE ALSO APPLICABLE TO
THE MANUFACTURE OF CORD OR ROPE FROM IRON OR OTHER METAL WIRE," to be as
follows:-
In effecting the drawing, spinning, twisting, and laying of hemp, flax, tow,
worsted, wool, silk, cotton, China grass, or other fibrous material according to
my Invention the fibre to be so acted upon from bobbins or carriers passes

page_text: between one or more pairs of holding rollers, from thence the strand passes
between another pair of rollers supported upon the end of a tube, which
rollers, as well as the tube, are capable of revolving, and in doing so of effect-
ing a drawing and spinning or twisting of the fibre. Two or other number of
these tubes, each with a pair of drawing rollers to it according to the number
of strands or yarns to be combined together are arranged to receive separate
strands or yarns from the holding rollers, and these yarns to be united after
passing through their respective tubes pass together between another pair of
laying rollers, which are supported upon the end of another tube, to which
rollers, as well as the tube also, rotary motion is imparted. The strand or yarn
thence passes to the fly spindle and bobbin, or the fibres in place of passing
between these last rollers and through the tube carrying them may pass direct
on to the fly spindle and bobbin; or each separate strand or yarn may be con-
ducted from the first drawing rollers through the tube supporting them direct
to a separate fly spindle and bobbin. The tubes carrying the drawing rollers
are caused to revolve by tooth gear, as is also the case with the drawing
rollers carried by them, and these gearings may be varied to the draft and
amount of twist desired to be put on the fibre at that stage. The rollers of
each pair are also borne towards each other by spring or other pressure.
Tooth gear also effects a positive motion to the next pair of rollers, and also
the rotation of the tube upon which they are supported with capability of
variation to the extent of twisting and laying to be effected by them. The
fibre as it passes to the holding or feed rollers may be conducted through a
trough of water, size, or other liquid; by these means yarn, thread, twine,
cord, or rope may be obtained. In the use of this apparatus for the manu-
facture of cord or rope, of iron or other metal, any extent of draft between
the respective rollers is unnecessary.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said William Bywater in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
28th September 1867.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
BYWATER, of the Sweet Street Foundry, Holbeck, near Leeds, in the County
of York, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-ninth day of March, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-seven, in the thirtieth year of Her reign,

page_text: did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said
William Bywater, Her special licence that I, the said William Bywater,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said
William Bywater, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any
time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times there
after during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make,
use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN APPARATUS FOR EFFECTING THE DRAWING, SPINNING, TWISTING, AND
LAYING OF HEMP, FLAX, Tow, WORSTED, WOOL, SILK, COTTON, CHINA GRASS, OR
OTHER FIBROUS MATERIAL FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF YARN, THREAD, TWINE,
CORD, OR ROPE, WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE ALSO APPLICABLE TO THE MANUFACTURE
OF CORD OR ROPE FROM IRON OR OTHER METAL WIRE," upon the condition
(amongst others) that I, the said William Bywater, my executors or adminis-
trators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their
hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of
the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and
cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said William Bywater, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement thereof, that is to say:-
The object of the improvements is to produce from the roving or sliver
yarns or strands, or from yarn or strands spun on the spinning frame, or from
threads or twines twisted on the twisting frame, laid twines, bands, cords, or
ropes, and also to effect the laying of cords or ropes from iron or other metal
wire.
But that the nature of my improvements may be better understood, I will
proceed, aided by the accompanying Drawings, to explain the means pursued
by me in carrying the same into effect.
DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS.
Figure 1, Sheet 1, represents a cross section of apparatus constructed
according to my Invention for twisting rovings, or slivers, yarns, or threads into
strands.

page_text: slivers, yarn, or threads. Figure 3, Sheet 1, is a section of another kind of
socket flyer and bobbin with revolving and rotating rollers also for twisting the
strands of roving slivers, yarns, or threads.
Figure 4, Sheet 1, is a cross section of a modification of apparatus according
to my improvements for twisting the rovings, slivers, yarns, or threads into
strands by means of a revolving socket flyer, dead bar, or roller, with the
bobbin horizontal, and then passing the strands separately through a revolving
holding roller, and pressing before going through the topping tool on to the
spindle to be laid into twines, cords, or ropes.
Figure 5, Sheet 1, is a separate sectional view of the revolving socket flyer,
dead bar, or roller with the bobbin horizontal.
Figure 1, Sheet 2, is a cross section on a larger scale of the revolving and
rotating rollers shown in Figure 1, Sheet 1, for twisting the rovings, or yarns,
or threads into strands before they pass through the topping tool on to the
revolving windlass to be formed into cords or ropes. This apparatus is
applicable to the laying of iron or other metal wires.
Figure 2, Sheet 2, is a side elevation of the windlass.
Figure 3, Sheet 2, is a cross section of parts of apparatus for drawing and
spinning slivers or rovings of hemp, flax, tow, worsted, wool, silk, cotton, China
grass, or other fibrous material, by means of one or more pairs of revolving
and rotating drawing rollers, each pair of rollers drawing and twisting at the
same time by being placed between the holding roller and ordinary fly or
cap spindle and bobbin, which spindle is used for putting the required twist
into the yarn before going on to the bobbin.
In Figures 1, 2, 3, Sheet 1, the same letters are employed to indicate
like parts wherever they occur. A is the main framing; B is the driving shaft
for giving motion to the apparatus from a steam engine or other suitable
power; C is the socket rail, which may contain one or more rows of socket
flyers, which socket flyers D, D, hold the revolving and rotating rollers E, E,
and bobbins I, I, which bobbins I, I, contain the slivers, rovings, yarns,
threads, twines, or strands; F, F, are bevil and spur wheels for giving a
revolving motion to the rollers E, E, from the bevil and spur wheel G, which
receive their motion from the shaft J; H, H, are bevil wheels wl.ich are fast
on the socket flyers D, D, for giving a rotary motion to the rollers E, E,
thereby giving the required twist to the slivers, rovings, yarns, threads, twines,
or strands by means of change pinions on the shaft J; K is the topping tool
for topping the strands before going on to the lay spindle L and bobbin M;
N is the spindle shaft for driving the laying spindle L, which spindle shaft N
by means of the introduction of an intermediate wheel on framing A runs the

page_text: spindle L either way round so as to suit the required twist in the twine, band,
cord, or rope; O is the traverse motion for traversing the twine, band, cord,
or rope up and down the bobbin in the usual way; P is the drag pulley used
for putting the required drag on the bobbin M; Q is the laid twine, band,
cord, or rope, ready for going to the finishing machine or to be finished by
hand. In Figure 3, Sheet 1, the socket flyers are so made as to admit of
the bobbins I, I, being placed in a vertical instead of a horizontal position as
shown in Figures 1 and 2, the socket flyers being fitted with a loose pin or
spindle for the bobbins I, I, to work upon, which pin or spindle can be drawn
up the socket flyers to relieve the bobbins I, I, to be changed.
In Figures 4 and 5, Sheet 1, the same letters are employed to show
corresponding parts wherever they occur, as in Figures 1, 2, 3, Sheet 1.
A is the framing of the apparatus; B is the driving shaft for giving motion to
the parts from a steam engine or other suitable power; C, C, are two socket
rails containing one or more rows of socket flyers which socket flyers D, D, hold
the bobbins I, I, which bobbins I, I, contain the slivers or rovings, yarns, threads,
twines, or strands, which slivers, rovings, yarns, threads, twines, or strands are
lapped round the dead bar or roller E, E, when that dead bar or roller is used;
F, F, are bevil wheels fast on the socket flyers D, D, which receive their motion
from the bevil wheels G, G; H, H, are the stationary revolving drawing and
holding rollers and pressing for drawing the sliver, roving, yarns, threads,
twines, or strands from the bobbins I, I, round the dead bar or roller E, E;
J is the standard for holding the pressing rollers H, H; K is the topping tool
for topping the strands before going on to the laying spindle L and bobbin M;
N is the spindle shaft for driving the laying spindle L, which spindle shaft N
by means of an intermediate wheel on framing A runs the spindle L either
way round, so as to suit the required twist in the twine, band, cord, or rope;
O is the traverse motion for traversing the twine, band, cord, or rope up and
down the bobbin in the usual way; P is the drag pulley used for putting the
required drag on the bobbin M ; Q is the laid twine, band, cord, or rope
ready for going to the finishing machine, or to be finished by hand.
In Figure 1, Sheet 2, A is the socket rail containing one or more rows of
socket flyers B, B, which socket flyers B, B, hold the revolving and rotating
rollers C, C, and bobbins D, D, which bobbins can be set either vertical or
horizontal, as shown in Figures 1, 2, 3, Sheet 1. E, E, are bevil and spur
wheels for giving a revolving motion to the rollers C, C, from the bevil and
spur wheels F, which receive their motion from the shaft G; H, H, are bevil
wheels fast on the socket flyers B, B, for giving a rotary motion to the
rollers C, C, thereby giving the required twist to the strands I, I, before going

page_text: through the topping tool J into the socket K of the windlass frame L; M, M,
are another pair of revolving and rotating rollers for laying the strands I, I, into
a cord or rope before going on to the windlass N; O is a spur and bevil wheel
for giving a revolving motion to the rollers M, M; P is the spur wheel for
driving the socket of the windlass round; Q, Q, are a pair of bevil wheels for
turning the windlass on the socket K, so as to take up the cord or rope from
the laying rollers M, M.
Figure 2, Sheet 2, is a front elevation of the windlass socket and rollers.
The same letters apply to the same parts as in Figure 1.
Figure 3, Sheet 2, represents a cross section of parts of a drawing and
spinning apparatus according to my improvements.
A is a bobbin containing the rovings or slivers of hemp, flax, tow, worsted,
wool, silk, cotton, China grass, or other fibrous material; B, B, are revolving
and holding and pressing rollers for drawing off and holding the roving or
sliver; C is the top socket rail containing one or more rows of sockets; D, D,
are the sockets for holding or carrying the revolving, rotating, and drawing
rollers E, E, which rollers E, E, revolving at a greater surface speed than the
holding rollers B, B, and rotating at the same time give a draft (that is
elongate) and also a twist to the roving or sliver from the bobbin A, at the
same time the roving or sliver is passing forward to another or more pairs of
revolving, rotating, and drawing rollers such as described above, and to be
operated upon in like manner. Each pair of rollers having the effect of
drawing and twisting the roving or sliver at the same time before going on to
the ordinary spindle and flyer or cap spindle, and thence on to the bobbin as
shown in Figure 8, Sheet 2. On the above principle any number of pairs
of revolving, rotating, and drawing rollers may be used with the same result,
that is, drawing and twisting at the same time, and the pairs of revolving
rotating drawing rollers are so fixed as to move to and from each other
whether worked in a horizontal or vertical position to alter the reach to suit
the length of staple of the material to be operated upon. For the manufac-
ture of various sizes of yarns, threads, twines, bands, cords or ropes from
either hemp, flax, tow, worsted, wool, silk, cotton, China grass, or other
fibrous material, or for the manufacture of cord or rope from iron or other
metal wire, similar machinery will be found suitable, the parts being only
varied in size to suit the various thicknesses of yarn, thread, twine, band, cord,
or rope required to be spun, twisted, or laid.
Having now described the nature of my Invention and in what manner I
carry the same into effect, I would have it understood that I do not confine
myself to the precise details shown and described, as the same may be varied

page_text: without departing from the peculiar character of the Invention, nor do I claim
all the various mechanical parts separately considered; but what I do claim
is,
The adaptation or combination of means whereby twisting and laying of
the fibres under operation is effected by the use of rollers E, tubes D, and
parts acting therewith, such rollers being caused to revolve on their own
axes as well as with the tubes by positive motion in manner substantially as
explained in respect of Figure 1, Figure 2, and Figure 3, Sheet 1.
Also I claim the adaptation or combination of means whereby twisting and
laying of fibres under operation is effected by the use of revolving bobbins or
carriers I, rollers H, H, and parts acting therewith in manner substantially as
explained in respect of Figures 4 and 5, Sheet 1.
Also I claim the adaptation or combination of means whereby cord or
rope of hemp or other fibrous material or iron or other metal wire may be
produced substantially as described in respect of Figures 1 and 2, Sheet 2.
Also I claim the adaptation or combination of means whereby the drawing,
spinning, or twisting of hemp or other fibrous material may be effected in
manner substantially as described in respect of Figure 3, Sheet 2.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Bywater have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Twenty-third day of September, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-seven.
WILLIAM BYWATER.
(L.8.)