Improvements in Pneumatic Tyres.
Year: 1894

page_text: Date of Application, 17th Nov., 1894
Complete Specification Left, 19th Mar., 1895-Accepted, 22nd June, 1895
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Pneumatic Tyres.
1, THOMAS SMITH PAYNTER, of 79, St. Helen's Gardens, North Kensington,
in the County of Middlesex Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of this
invention to be as follows:-
The object of my invention is to provide substantial means for preventing side
slipping and puncture of pneumatic tyres. I surround the exterior of the inflated
tube, or the outer cover when such is used, with a metal hoop, preferably of thin
hardened and tempered steel, of most convenient breadth and studded upon its
periphery, preferably near its side edges, with adjustable metal teeth or pins of
most suitable shape with their points projecting outwards so as to form a stubby
surface for the purpose of effecting non-slipping as will be readily understood.
I also mount upon the periphery of this studded metal hoop a band of india rubber,
or other suitable material, shaped in most convenient manner and preferably fitting
between the teeth or pins, so as to form the tread, and secured by cementing or
other suitable manner. The metal hoop, which is preferably flat in cross section
so that it will be free to bend, may be secured to the inflated tube, or the outer
cover when such is used, by cement.
Dated thin 17th dow of November 1894
Improvements in Pneumatic TYTON,
I, THOMAS SMITH PAYNTER, of 79 St. Helen's Gardens, North Kensington,
in the County of Middlesex, Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of this
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
The various devices which have been designed for the purpose of preventing
side slipping of the wheels of bicycles an evil which has become more marked since
the introduction of the pneumatic tyre, have not up to the present had any very
trustworthy results, as those which consist in fixing studs or heads on the periphery
of the tyre offer too rigid resistance to any roughness or unevenness in the track,
and consequently become rapidly worn out. Other devices consisting in forming
a rough or ribbed surface to the tyre are not reliable to effect their purpose on a
muddy or greasy road. Now in my invention I combine all the good qualities
necessary for a non-slipping device which will grip the smoothest road by means of
adjustable metal teeth which are protected from damage to themselves in the
course of travelling by reason of their property of self-adjustment to any obstacle
such as a stone or the like; while at the same time they can be readily removed
from the wheel for any purpose, as for example, the sharpening of the teeth when
necessary, and any cyclist can easily refit them upon the tyre or outer cover
without the aid of tools or experience.
In order that my invention may be fully understood I will now refer to the
accompanying drawings.

page_text: Figure is a perspective view of a portion of my improved metal hoop with a
frame or plate provided with teeth, and tongues and fitted on the inner side
thereof.
Figure 2 is a perspective view of one of such plates removed.
Figure 3 is a perspective view of another form of plate, capable of being
reversed or inverted.
Figure 4 is a section of a tyre showing my non-slipping device applied thereto.
Figure 5 is a section of a tyre cover and tyre with one form of my non-slipping
device applied thereto.
Figure shows another construction of tyre cover in section with the non-
slipping device applied thereto.
Figure 7 is a perspective view of a toothed plate but with teeth on one side only.
Figure 8 shows how my improved hoop can have the tongues formed integrally
therewith, and how the plate Figure 7 fits on the inner side.
with
Figure 9 is a section of a tyre with a slightly modified arrangement of parts.
Referring to Figure 1, C is a metal hoop preferably of hardened steel in each
edge of which are formed recesses c arranged in pairs at suitable distances apart
for the purpose of receiving the teeth d in such a manner that upon said teeth
encountering any obstacle in the path of the cycle they will recede inside the
hoop Cupon the air cushion formed by the pneumatic tyre. The teeth d together
with the tongues d' are formed out of a plate D which is cut out for the sake of
lightness in the form of a frame, which I prefer to place between the hoop C and
the flat surface a of the tyre or tyre cover for the purpose before mentioned, but
it will be understood that these plates D are removable, or adjustable in the sense
that they may be placed on the outside of the hoop C, in which case each of the
two tongues d¹ will pass through a recess e in either side of the hoop C. Between
the rows of teeth on each side of the hoop I place a rubber tread band B, plano-
convex in section which is of such a thickness that when the machine is being
ridden and in a perfectly vertical position the teeth are clear of the ground or
with their points just even therewith but upon the machine incliuing from such a
position as for example in rounding a corner or running in a curve or declivity the
teeth will bite the surface of the road and so prevent the machine from slipping;
and in order that such a device may be held firmly on the exterior of a tyre
I give the tyre or outer cover the shape in cross section illustrated in Figure 5
wherein a indicates the flat surface of the tyre upon which the hoop C and plates D
are fitted and a¹ in this figure curved corners on either side of the surface
which the tongues d' engage and so prevent the hoop C and plates D from any
lateral movement. In Figure 3 I have illustrated another form of toothed plate
which is capable of being reversed or inverted on the hoop C as for example when
the teeth on one side have become woru. To prevent lateral movement in this
case I make use of the inwardly pointing teeth for gripping the corners a¹ of the
flat surface a as illustrated in Figure 4. It will be understood that the angular
corners a Figure 4 could be applied to a tyre cover such as A' and that the
curved corners a Figure 5 could be formed upon a pneumatic tyre such as A.
Referring to Figure 6 I show another form of tyre cover for encircling an ordinary
air-tube A, which is formed with overlapping edges a² and held secure by virtue of
the pressure from the air-tube forcing the corners a¹ against the tongues d¹.
I have also provided a further safeguard against any tendency to bulge outwards
between the tongues d' by fixing ribbons or hoops a³ upon each half of the flat
surface as or
I could have wires for this purpose embedded in the rubber corners a¹.
In this figure the tongues for gripping the tyre are formed as in Figure 1, but I
may also carry my object into effect by forming the tongues on the metal hoop C,
at suitable distances apart and forming similar recesses c in each edge of the hoop
as in Figure 1 for the reception of teeth d which are carried by plates D Figure 7.
Figure 8 is a perspective view illustrating the manner in which I may fit the
plates D Figure 7 inside the hoop and also shows how the wires are passed
through the eyes e² for holding the device firmly on the flat surface a of a tyre
a,

page_text: or a tyre cover. In Figure 9 I have shown a tyre A with angular corners a¹ as
in Figure 4 having a metal hoop C provided with tongues c and eyes c² with
endless wires, the tongues c¹ may be bent up at an angle to adapt themselves to
this or other form of corners as for example a¹ Figure 6 and the plates D are
provided with teeth on one side only as in Fig. 7. The rubber tread band B is
similar in all cases and all the devices illustrated have the common property of
being easily adjustable or detachable after the tyre has been deflated, and 1 do not
limit myself to the precise arrangement of forming the recesses c in pairs as they
may be all set out at regular intervals or otherwise as desired. The plates D can
also have more than two teeth if necessary in each side, and need not necessarily
have their edges V-shaped as shown so long as the appearance represented in the
sectional views is maintained.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. In pneumatic tyres the combination with a metal hoop such as C (Fig. 1)
formed with recesses such as c in either edge for the reception of the teeth d or
the tongues d', of plates such as D (Figs. 1 and 2) stamped out for the sake of
lightness in the manner shown with teeth such as d formed integrally therewith,
for the purpose of biting the road surface and so preventing side-slipping of the
wheel upon which the said hoop and self-adjusting toothed plates are fitted, and also
in forming on the same plates tongues such as d for the purpose of preventing
lateral movement of the hoop C and toothed plates D and also for securing the
outer cover A¹ (Fig. 6) as herein shown and described.
2. In pneumatic tyres the combination with a metal hoop such as C (Fig. 1)
formed with recesses such as c in either edge for the reception of the teeth d, of
plates such as D (Fig. 3) with teeth such as d formed integrally therewith for the
purpose of preventing lateral movement of the hoop and toothed plates D, and
also side-slipping of the wheel upon which the said hoop and self-adjusting
reversible toothed plates are fitted as herein shown and described.
3. The combination of toothed plates (D), metal hoops (C) with an air-tube or
cover for same such as A, A¹ (Figs. 4, 5, 6 and 9) provided with a flat surface
on the periphery (a) and rounded, or they may be angular corners on each edge
thereof (a) for use with tongues (d1) or inwardly pointing teeth (d) as and for
the purpose described and shewn on the accompanying drawings.
4. In pneumatic tyres the construction of toothed plates such as D Figure 7
with teeth (d) projecting outwards only, to be used in combination with a metal
hoop such as C Figure 8 provided with recesses such as c through which the
teeth d can project, and also provided with tongues c', eyes c² and endless wires c³
for the purpose of preventing lateral movement of the toothed plates D and
hoop C and also for securing the outer cover A' (Fig. 3) as herein shown
and described.
5. In pneumatic tyres, the construction of a tyre cover (Figure 6) with over-
lapping edges (a2), flat surfaces (a) rounded (or they may be angular) corners (a¹),
and provided with metal bands, ribbons (or wires) such as a³, to be used in
combination with the non-slipping device (C, D, d) all as herein shewn and
described.
6. In pneumatic tyres the complete arrangement of parts constituting a non-
slipping device consisting of adjustable metal toothed plates to be used with a
recessed hoop on which is fitted a tread band such as B of ordinary construction,
the whole being mounted on the flat periphery of a tyre or cover such as A, A¹
all as herein described and shewn on the accompanying drawings.
Dated this 10th dow of March 1905