IMPROVEMENTS IN HYDRAULIC PUNCHING, SHEARING, AND RIVETTING MACHINES
Year: 1878

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Calvert Jones, of Syra, one of the Islands of the
Grecian Archipelago, Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
HYDRAULIC PUNCHING, SHEARING, AND RIVETTING MACHINES."
Sealed the 22nd Novemba 1970 and dated the 4th
1979
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Calvert Jones at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 4th September 1878.
WILLIAM CALVERT JONES, of Syra, one of the Islands of the Grecian Archipelago,
Engineer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN HYDRAULIC PUNCHING, SHEARING, AND RIVETTING
MACHINES."
My Invention relates to hydraulic punching, shearing, and rivetting machines,
wherein the punch or reciprocating blade or die (as the case may be) is carried by
a ram working in a cylindrical chamber having concentrically above it another
chamber (or a continuation of the lower chamber) of smaller diameter, in which fits
a plunger moved vertically by a screw, the space between the plunger and rani
being charged with liquid.
I provide both the plunger and the ram with cup leathers and suitable packing
or wrapping, so arranged that the space between the plunger and the ram is kept
tight when the pressure is on by the cup leathers, and when the pressure is not on
by the packing or wrapping.
To assist the atmospheric pressure in returning the ram I apply a small lever,
which by a suitable spring is caused to press against the rain, and aided by the
atmospheric pressure to force it (when the liquid pressure is off) back into the
chamber in readiness for another stroke.
The upper cylindrical spaco or smaller chamber in which the plunger works may
be in one piece with the lower cylindrical space or larger chamber containing the
ram. I however consider it advantageous to make the upper space or chamber in
a separate piece, arranged to screw into an upward extension of the lower space or
chamber, and formed with a grooved shoulder arranged to close against the top end
CD C

page_text: of the extension of the lower chamber, packing being interposed to make a tight
joint. I also provide a cup leather around the lower part of the upper space or
chamber to make the joint tight under pressure or vacuum, and to protect the
screwed upper part of the lower chamber from the liquid.
Machines according to my Invention may be arranged with one forcing screw and
upper space or chamber, or with two forcing screws and upper spaces or chambers
of different diameters, the relative proportions of these and the lower chamber
depending upon the power required.
In punching and shearing, the extreme pressure is only required for a small por-
tion of the stroke, and the intermediate space or chamber enables me to reduce the
stroke of the forcing screw and secure a quicker action.
I form the intermediate space or chamber in the body of the larger plunger and
Bсrew.
The faces of the punches may be either concave or spiral, so as to reduce the
pressure required in punching.
In some cases I provide slipper soles, which may be fixed to any suitable bed with
one or more bolts, so that the machines can be slipped into them and used as fixed
machines.
For working the forcing screws I provide cross handles so constructed that one
handle may be used for three different powers.
The details of construction of my improved machines will obviously vary more or
less, according to the purposes for which they are intended.
In some cases I may use more than one lever and spring to assist in forcing the
ram back into the chamber.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said William Calvert Jones in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 28th
February 1879.
WILLIAM CALVERT JONES, of Syra, one of the Islands of the Grecian Archipelago,
Engineer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN HYDRAULIC PUNCHING, SHEARING, AND RIVETTING
MACHINES."
My Invention relates to hydraulic punching, shearing, and rivetting machines,
wherein the punch or reciprocating blade or dio (as the case may be) is carried by
a ram working in a cylindrical chamber having concentrically above it another
chamber (or a continuation of the lower chamber) of smaller diameter, in which fits
a plunger moved vertically by a screw, the space between the plunger and the
ram being charged with liquid.
I provide both the plunger and the ram with cup leathers and suitable packing
or wrapping, so arranged that the space between the plunger and the ram is kept
tight when the pressure is on by the cup leathers, and when the pressure is not on
by the packing or wrapping.
To assist the atmospheric pressure in returning the ram I apply a small lever,
which by a suitable spring is caused to press against the ram, and aided by the
atmospheric pressure to force it (when the liquid pressure is off) back into the
chamber in readiness for another stroke.

page_text: ram.
The upper cylindrical space or smaller chamber in which the plunger works may
be in one piece with the lower cylindrical space or larger chamber containing the
I however consider it advantageous to make the upper space or chamber in
a separate piece, arranged to screw into an upward extension of the lower space or
chamber, and formed with a grooved chamber arranged to close against the top end
of the extension of the lower chamber, packing being interposed to make a tight
joint. I also provide a cup leather around the lower part of the upper space or
chamber to make the joint tight under pressure or vacuum, and to protect the
screwed upper part of the lower chamber from the liquid.
Machines according to my Invention may be arranged with one forcing screw and
upper space or chamber, or with two forcing screws and upper spaces or chambers
of different diameters, the relative proportions of these and the lower chamber
depending upon the power required.
In punching and shearing, the extreme pressure is only required for a small por-
tion of the stroke, and the intermediate space or chamber enables me to reduce the
stroke of the forcing screw and secure a quicker action.
I form the intermediate space or chamber in the body of the larger plunger and
screw.
The faces of the punches may be either concave or spiral, so as to reduce the
pressure required in punching.
In some cases I provide slipper soles, which may be fixed to any suitable bed with
one or more bolts, so that the machines can be slipped into them and used as fixed
machines.
For working the forcing screws I provide cross handles so constructed that one
handle may be used for three different powers.
The details of construction of my improved machines will obviously vary more or
less, according to the purposes for which they are intended.
In some cases I may use more than one lever and spring to assist in forcing the
ram back into the chamber.
Fig. 1 of the accompanying Drawing shews in vertical section, Fig. 2 in sido
elevation, and Fig. 3 in plan the upper portion of a machine according to my
Invention.
The lower portion of the machine may be of ordinary or other construction
suitable for the intended purpose of punching, rivetting, or shearing.
The operating tool, which in the Drawing is a punch, but for which a blade or
die may be obviously substituted, is carried by a ram 1, working in a cylindrical
chamber 2.
The ram is made to fit accurately by packing 3 and a cup leather 4, which during
the down stroke is forced by the liquid pressure against the interior surface of the
chamber.
Above the chamber 2 is a cylindrical chamber or extension 5 of smaller diameter.
This cylindrical chamber or extension 5 is made in a separate piece of metal 6,
arranged to screw into the upward extension of the chamber 2, and formed with a
grooved shoulder 7 arranged to close against the top end 8 of the extension of the
chamber 2, packing 9 being interposed to make a tight joint. 10 is a cup leather
arranged around the lower part of the chamber or extension 5, and kept in place by
a screwed ring or nut 11 to make the joint tight under pressure or vaccuum, and to
protect the screwed upper part of the lower chamber 2 from the liquid.
The chamber or extension 5 may be made in one piece with the lower chamber 2,
as shewn in Fig. 4, but usually it will be found advantageous to make them separate,
as already described.
In the cylindrical chamber or extension 5 is a plunger 12 with a screw 13, by
which the plunger can be moved up and down in the chamber or extension 5, in
which the plunger is made tight by packing 14 and a cup leather 15, held in place
by a nut or ferrule 16.
Within the plunger 12 is formed a third cylindrical chamber or extension 17, in
which fits a second plunger 18. This plunger is solid; it is made tight in the

page_text: chamber or extension 17 by packing 19 and a cup leather 20, secured by a nut 21
and washer 22, and can be moved vertically in the said chamber by the screw 23.
The space between the plunger 18 and the ram 1 is charged with liquid through
the hole 24, closed by the screw plug 25.
The relative proportions of the chambers or spaces 2, 5, and 17 may be varied to
suit the power required.
In punching and shearing, the extreme pressure is only required for a small por
tion of the stroke, and the intermediate space or chamber 5 enables me to reduce the
stroke of the forcing screw and secure a quicker action.
26 is a small lever having its fulcrum at 27. One end of this lever presses against
the face of the ram 1; the other end of the lever presses against the head 28 of a
rod 29, able to slide in a hole in the body of the machine, as shown.
30 is a spiral spring surrounding the rod 29, and compressed between the head 28
and the perforated cup or nut 31. The object of this arrangement is to assist the
atmospheric pressure in returning the ram 1. A similar arrangement may in some
cases be applied also at the opposite side of the ram.
For working the forcing screws I use cross handles, each constructed with three
holes, as shewn, to give three different lengths of loverage, according to the power
required.
In some cases the intermediate plunger 12 and the chamber 17 may be dispensed
with, as shewn in Fig. 5.
Machines constructed according to my Invention, as herein-above set forth, may
be provided with slipper soles, which may be fixed to any suitable bed with one or
more bolts, so that the machines can be slipped into the slipper soles and used as
fixed machines.
When using my machines for punching, the punches employed may advan-
tageously have their faces either concave or spiral, so as to reduce the pressure
required in punching.
Having described the nature of my said Invention, and explained the manner of
carrying it into practical effect, I hereby declare that what I consider to be novel
and original, and therefore claim as secured to me under the Letters Patent herein-
before in part recited is,-
1. The method, substantially as described, of assisting the atmospheric pressure in
returning the ram (with the punch or tool carried by it) into position for com-
mencing a fresh downward stroke.
2. Providing the plunger and ram with packing or wrapping, so arranged with the
cup leathers that the space between the plunger and rain is kept tight under both
vacuum and pressure, thereby utilising the atmospheric pressure in returning the
ram, substantially as described.
3. Constructing apparatus, substantially as shewn in and described with reference
to Figs. 1, 2, & 3 of the accompanying Drawings, for the purposes specified.
4. Constructing apparatus, substantially as shewn in and described with reference
to Fig. 4 of the accompanying Drawings, for the purposes specified.
5. Constructing apparatus, substantially as shewn in and described with reference
to Fig. 5 of the accompanying Drawings, for the purposes specified.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Calvert Jones, have hereunto set iny
hand and seal, this Tenth day of January, in the year of our Lord One
thousand cight hundred and seventy-nine.
WILLIAM CALVERT JONES. (L.S.)