Improvements in or connected with Supplying Air to Furnaces, and in Steam Jet Blowing or Forcing Apparatus therefor.
Year: 1899

page_text: Date of Application, 20th Dec., 1899
Complete Specification Left, 20th Oct., 1900-Accepted, 19th Jan., 1901
Improvements in or connected with Supplying Air to Furnaces, and in
Steam Jet Blowing or Forcing Apparatus therefor.
We, JAMES JONES MELDRUM, THOMAS FREDERICK MELDRUM, and Jonx WESLEY
MELDRUM, all of Atlantic Works, City Road, Manchester, in the County of
Lancaster, Engineers, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:
In accomplishing this invention it has been the object, amongst other things,
to provide, more particularly under certain special circumstances and conditions,
an efficient, and also simple, construction and arrangement of apparatus or parts
for supplying air to furnaces at a pressure above that of the atmosphere, where
steam or other fluid jets are employed as the means of moving and forcing the
air; and also to provide a simple and high powered, and at the same time efficient,
steam jet blowing or forcing apparatus or appliance. By and according to our
invention these effects are attained; and the improvements, means, or arrange-
ments comprised in it, are produced as hereinafter specified.
The steam jet forcing device or apparatus according to our invention will be
first described. This device or apparatus comprises or consists of a tubular body
of cylindrical or other form, as hereinafter specified, and a plurality of steam
jets or supply nozzles, the body being of such a length, and the nozzles being
so arranged and disposed therein, that the jets from the several nozzles combine
and fill said cylinder or body at or before the end thereof; and to effect this in
the most efficient way, each nozzle in the cylindrical body should be so placed,
and the body itself so formed, that the section of the blower body to be filled by
each jet of motor steam or other fluid is either a circle, or a square, or a hexagon,
or a figure approximating thereto. The body of the blower so constructed will,
in length, be relatively short, riz., about equal to that of a blower having a
single jet. Thus according to this invention, a single instrument or device of
a given length is rendered capable of producing a result and product in air moved,
substantially equivalent to that produced by a number of separate devices or
instruments (as usually employed) with single jets of the same length, the number
of such devices being equal to the number of nozzles used in the single device or
instrument.
In some cases, the body of the blower is of flattened form, that is, of an oblong
form in cross section, with parallel sides, and preferably semi-circular ends. The
nozzles in this case are arranged in a row, equally distant, either in a straight
line, or a curve following the centre line of the body. In this case, each section
of the blower will be filled by a jet to form, so to speak, a square, except the
two ends, which are preferably rounded. The pitch of the nozzles apart, that is.
the distance from nozzle to nozzle, will be approximately equal to the width of

page_text: the parallel opening of the body which the expanding jets fill; and the distance
from the nozzle outlet to the end of the parallel part in which the fluids combine
may be advantageously about six times as much as this dimension, or fully four
times the length of the diagonal of the imaginary square occupied by the jet.
In the case where two straight rows of nozzles are employed, and the bodies
constructed accordingly, constituting a modification of the above, the imaginary
separate blowers or sections will each have a square section.
Then, according to a further modification, in a blower having a body substantially
as the form referred to, and multiple rows of nozzles, say three, the nozzles of
the rows transversely will not be in fine, that is, they will be disposed in staggered
arrangement, the nozzles of the two outside rows being in line, and those of the
middle row between them. In this case, the section of fluid in the
combining tube or portion of the body produced by the middle Pow
of nozzles will be approximately hexagonal in form, and those produced by the
two outer rows will be approximately formed by half a square, plus the half of
a hexagon, the former being, of course, towards the outside, and the latter
towards the inside. However, in blowers having straight rows of nozzles, the
former arrangement with the nozzles of the different rows in line transversely,
will be simplest.
Blowers of the form of type described are applicable to furnaces, and in their
different applications will be used and applied in different ways. In some cases,
under this invention, the whole apparatus is of movable form, that is, it may
be hinged to a door or plate, such as the door of a furnace ashpit, or the door of
a furnace proper; or, as a modification of this, the steam supply nozzles may
be stationary and the blower body hinged and movable; or, conversely, the body
may be fixed, and the nozzles hinged.
In another case, the nozzles and the body are each separately hinged and move-
able. In other cases, however, where suitable, the whole apparatus are fixtures,
being supported in any suitable way.
In the case where nozzles are hinged separately from the blower, when the
nozzles are turned or moved back, the opening through the blower body would
then serve to form one means of access to the ashpit; whilst, where the whole door
is also hinged and carries the blower body, by opening the door, of course, a
second and larger entrance to the ashpit is provided. And in other cases, the
body of the blower, as for instance in connection with an ashpit, constitutes the
actual entrance thereto, through which, when moved back or open, the ashes,
ctcetera, can be moved, or access had for other purposes. In this case, the frame
carrying the nozzles will be hinged, and adapted to turn to give access for raking,
etcetera.
According to one arrangement, where the blower nozzle or the whole of the
apparatus, is hinged, the steam is supplied to the nozzles through a hollow hinged
pipe or hinge, and a joint between the moving and fixed part is effected through
a gland packing, which in some cases, will consist of a gland packing in the
stationary part of the supply pipe, and one end of the hollow hinge pin of the
door, and having a moveable piece of pipe between these two parts, adapted to
work in the packings; and this piece of pipe is, in some cases, adapted to be
turned always in one direction by each movement of the door, through a ratchet
wheel thereon, worked from a pawl or other device from the door. This provides
more even wear, and maintains a better joint.
Further, in some cases, where the whole blower is supported from a door, say
an ashpit door, or a plate enclosing the ashpit, the steam is conveyed from the
hollow hinged joint through hollow bridge bars extending across the mouth or
inlet of the blower, which is fixed on the door, and carrying the nozzles on the
inside, while on the outside, they may be provided with cleaning plugs. And in
this case, and equivalent arrangements, the blower body may be attached by
its head to the door, and project into the ashpit or space, within, or, otherwise as
herein described.

page_text: In some cases, as a modification, in connection with the hollow steam supply
hinge, a single gland hinge is used, and the fixed pipe may form, or have con-
nected with it, the plug of a cock; while the hollow moved part will form, or
be provided with, a casing, in which the plug works, the said plug and casing
being provided with openings so arranged and adapted that in the operation of
opening the door, the supply of steam would be cut off, whilst, when the door
is closed, steam would be passed by the cock.
According to a further inodification, in connection with hinged blowers, a
steam jet blower may be provided above, or at the hinge, the body being adapted
to serve as a hollow hinge pin, and the nozzle being, say, fixed upon the steam
supply pipe, the said body being suitably proportioned
to
constitute
a proper blower. Or, this body may be concentric with, but above or below
a separate hinge. This blower constitutes a primary blower, and its discharge
acts as the motor fluid to other blowers such as described, which
will constitute the main, though secondary blowers. In this case, no steam
tight hinge joint is required. This mode of arrangement or combination may in
some cases be applied to or used in connection with the simple or other forms
of blowers herein before described. In some cases, where this primary steam
jet blower is employed, the nozzle may be adapted to be taken out of connection
with the combining tube or body of the blowers when the door is open. Also,
in some cases, where the primary steam jet blowers, as described, are employed,
the door carrying the blower body may be constructed and adapted to be lifted
by hand into and out of position, and supported in position by wedge shaped
lugs, or the like, but this mode of carrying the door and blower may, if desired,
or convenient, be used in connection with other arrangements and modifications
hereunder.
In another modification of the multiple nozzle blower in which a primary blower,
such as referred to, is employed in connection with a furnace, the blower body
may be in two portions, one part, say the upper part, in the case of a vertically
disposed blower, formed in or on the fire-door or the furnace, whilst the lower
part is in or on the ashpit door. These parts will be so arranged and adapted
that the upper part is in effect a second complete or primary blower, forming
the jet portion or nozzle of the second or main blowers connected with the ashpit
door.
The primary blower in this, or equivalent combinations, or arrangements, will
be constructed or adapted to supply air at a considerably higher pressure than
the ultimate pressure required.
In one form of a multiple nozzle blower adapted to serve also as a door or
main portion of the door for gaining access to the ashpit or space to which it
supplies air, the row or rows of jets or nozzles, is or are provided near the hinge
at one side; at which place, also, of course, the blower entrance will be; and to
these nozzles steam is supplied in any suitable manner, such as herein referred
to. The mixing portion and outlet of this blower are disposed at the opposite
side of the door, and outside of or round it a seat or face is provided, which is
adapted to fit up to or close against a face or seat of a furnace fitting, making
an air tight joint. Then, in some cases, within the mixing and outlet portion,
a chamber is provided, into which the discharge takes place, having a perforated
distributing plate on the inside. This may constitute a portion of, or the whole
of the door.
This plate, in the case of its application to an ashpit door, serves as a deflector,
and to increase the pressure in front of the ashpit: or, it may be made to direct
the stream of air against the front ends of the bars.
According to a further modification of compound and secondary blowers of
the character referred to, the primary part is a fixture, whilst the secondary part
is connected with a movable door, and in this, where applied to a locomotive
type of boiler furnace, the upper or primary part would be fixed above the fire
door, whilst the lower or secondary part will be in or on the fire door delivering

page_text: the supply or air through the fire door, as secondary air to the gases coming off
from the fuel. In other cases, the blower or blowers may be on the furnace front,
and adapted to deliver air into a closed ashpit, a part of which may be conducted
to the fire as secondary air, or led direct from the blower to the furnace.
Further, according to this invention, in connection with a multiple nozzle
blower, say of circular section, oil or other liquid fuel is conducted to a central
atomizer or nozzle, whereby a combined forced draught liquid fuel burner, is
provided.
Further, according to this invention, in connection with jet blowers of the
character herein referred to, say in connection with steam generators, a reducing
valve or device is, in some cases, employed in connection with the steam supply
pipe, so as to reduce the steam pressure below that normally existing in the
pipe while at the same time, in connection with this reduction of steam pressure,
the steam nozzles of the multiple nozzle blower are made abnormally large. The
object and effect of this is to provide a two-fold advantage of obviating the likeli-
hood of the nozzles becoming choked with scale, etcetera, and of drying the steam,
due to its expansion on reduction. On the other hand, if the steam of given
weight to perform a given output were divided amongst the several nozzles
(instead of all passing through one, as happens with ordinary blowers), the aper-
tures or bores of the nozzles would be very small, and the likelihood of stoppage
or blocking be proportionately increased.
Further, according to this invention, the steam supply pipe or conduit in front
of the nozzle is, in some cases, provided with a strainer adapted to separate all
solid particles larger than the nozzle opening; and the strainer or the parts sup-
porting the same, are constructed or provided with means so arranged as to enable
the solid particles intercepted to be removed at convenience.
According to one special arrangement of the secondary air supplying blower
of furnace, to prevent over-heating of the apparatus, and render its life longer,
the blower body or blower will be fixed so as to project wholly or to a large extent
outside the furnace, whilst that part which is within the furnace, in the case of
the body being partially within and partially without same, is made separate
from the other part, and capable of being readily removed, and a new one fitted
in case of its becoming burnt away. Also, in some cases, the delivery end of the
blower of the secondary air supplying apparatus may have in connection with it
a shield, by which the radiation of heat through the blower body is prevented.
Or, again, the said delivery end may be provided with a plate provided with per-
forations through which the air passes, said plate being in some cases conical.
In all cases where the highest efficiency from an air forcing appliance or device
is desired, the body of the blower has a parallel or nearly parallel portion in
which the steam and air mix, and which the expanding jets of steam should fill at
or before the end of same, a curved or tapered inlet to same to prevent the forma
tion of the vena contracta," and a diverging outlet: but where, from special
conditions or circumstances in the application of the invention, the length of
the appliance would probibit the employment of this special construction, the
diverging outlet may be partially or wholly dispensed with, in which case the
efficiency would not be so high.
"
It is to be understood that the different improvements or modifications here-
under may be employed in different combinations or arrangements accordingly
as their employment under differing conditions or requirements may render them
advantageous or desirable.
.
100
1
✔
1
1000

page_text: Improvements in or connected with Supplying Air to Furnaces, and in
Steam Jet Blowing or Forcing Apparatus therefor.
We, JAMES JONES MELDRUM, THOMAS FREDERICK MELDRUM, and JOHN WESLEY
MELDRUM, all of Atlantic Works, City Road, Manchester, in the County of
Lancaster, Engineers, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement:-
In accomplishing this invention it has been the object, amongst other things,
to provide, more particularly under certain special circumstances and conditions,
an efficient, and also simple, construction and arrangement of apparatus or parts
for supplying air to furnaces at a pressure above that of the atmosphere, where
steam or other fluid jets are employed as the means of moving and forcing the
air and also to provide a simple and high powered, and at the same time efficient,
steam jet blowing or forcing apparatus or appliance. By, and according to our
invention, these effects are attained: and the improvements, means or arrange-
ments comprised in it, are produced, as hereinafter specified.
The steam jet forcing device or apparatus according to our invention will be
first described. This device or apparatus comprises or consists of a tubular body
of cylindrical or other form, as hereinafter specified, and a plurality of steam
jets or supply nozzles,--the body being of such a length, and the nozzles being
so arranged and disposed therein, that the jets from the several nozzles combine
and fill said cylinder or body at or before the end thereof; and to effect this in
the most efficient way, each nozzle in the cylindrical body should be so placed,
and the body itself so formed, that the section of the blower body to be filled by
each jet of motor steam or other fluid is either a circle, or a square, or a hexagon,
or a figure approximating thereto. The body of the blower so constructed will,
in length, be relatively short, viz., about equal to that of a blower having a
single jet. Thus according to this invention, a single instrument or device of
a given length, is rendered capable of producing a result and product in air moved,
substantially equivalent to that produced by a number of separate devices or
instruments (as usually employed) with single jets of the same length, the number
of such devices being equal to the number of nozzles used in the single device or
instrument.
The invention will be described with the aid of the accompanying drawings
which illustrate several modifications under it; and in the different figures or
sets of figures, the same letters and figures of reference are used to denote the same
or equivalent parts wherever they occur.
Referring to Figures 1 and 2, which are end view and longitudinal section,
respectively, a multiple nozzle blower is shewn in which the body is of oblong
form in cross section, and a single set of nozzles in line is employed. In the
drawings, represents the body of the tube; e are the nozzles: and the con-
duit or tube through which steam passes to the nozzles, and in which said nozzles
are mounted. is the curved or tapered inlet to prevent the formation of the
vena-contracta by the inflowing air: whilst at the opposite end of the body a,
represents in dotted lines a diverging outlet, which would always be preferably
employed where its use is not prohibited by special conditions or circumstances
in the application of the invention. is a plate to which the blower body is
shewn fixed.
"
The body is shewn with parallel sides and semi-circular or rounded ends.
The nozzles are disposed equi-distant, and in a straight line; and each section
of the blower wil be filled by a jet forming, so to speak, a square, except at the

page_text: two ends, where half of each jet would be semi-circular.
The distance from nozzle
to nozzle is approximately equal to the width of the parallel opening in the body a,
which the expanding jets fill and the distance from the discharging orifice
of the nozzles to the point in the parallel part-which is preferably, and in most
cases, at the end of same-where the fluids combine and fill the body, may be
advantageously about six times as much as this dimension, or fully four times
the length of the diagonal of the imaginary square occupied by the jet.
If the sides of the parallel body were curved, in lieu of being straight, as
in Figure 1, the nozzle would be arranged in a curve, following the centre line
of said body.
Figure 3 shews a blower having two straight rows of nozzles e, mounted on
two steam supply conduits the body being constructed accordingly. In this
case, the imaginary sectional or separate blowers will each have a square section
in the body for its work, and they will all combine and fill it in the manner
above described. The nozzles in the two conduits i are in parallel rows.
A further modification is shewn in outside end view, and cross section,
in Figures 4 and 5. In this there are three rows of nozzles, arranged in three
parallel conduits i extending across the entrance of the blower; but the nozzles
of the outside and centre conduit i are not in line, but are disposed in "staggered "
arrangement, the nozzles of the two outside rows being in line, and those of the
middle row between them. The sections of fluids in the combining tube a are
shewn in Figure 5: that is, the sections produced by the middle row of nozzles
will be approximately hexagonal, except at the ends; and those produced by the
outer rows will be approximately formed by half a square, plus the half of a
hexagon. However, in blowers having a plurality of rows of nozzles, the arrange-
ment set forth with reference to Figure 3, namely, with the nozzles of the different
rows in line, transversely, will be simplest.
In Figure 6, a modification is shewn wherein the blower is of circular form
in body, and the nozzles are arranged circularly in a ring steam supply con-
duit. The general characteristics of this blower are, otherwise, the same as
those set forth with reference to the blowers above described.
Blowers of the form or type described are applicable to furnaces, and in their
different applications will be used and applied in different ways. In some cases,
under this invention, the whole apparatus is of movable form; that is, it may
be hinged to a door or plate, such as the door of a furnace ashpit, or the door
of a furnace proper; or, as a modification of this, the steam supply nozzles may be
stationary, and the blower body hinged and movable; or, conversely, the body may
be fixed, and the nozzles hinged.
In another case, the nozzles and the body are separately hinged and movable.
In other cases, however, where suitable, the whole apparatus are fixtures, being
supported in any suitable way.
In the case where the nozzles are hinged separately from the blower, when
the nozzles are turned or moved back, the opening through the blower body
would then serve to form one means of access to the ashpit: whilst, where the
whole door is also hinged and carries the blower body, by opening the door, of
course, a second and larger entrance to the ashpit is provided. And in other
cases, the body of the blower, as for instance in connection with an ashpit, con-
stitutes the actual entrance thereto, through which, when the nozzles are moved
back or open, the ashes, etcetera, can be removed, or access had for other purposes.
In this case, the frame carrying the nozzles will be hinged, and adapted to turn
to give access for raking, etcetera.
Referring now to Figs. 7 and 8, which are end view and sectional plan,
respectively, these shew an arrangement where the whole of the blower apparatus
is hinged, and the motor steam is supplied to the nozzles through a hollow hinge
pipe or hinge. In this arrangement, f is the hollow hinge pipe or hinge of the door
or plate h, on which the blower is carried: communication between the hinge f
and the conduits i, being by a connecting tube ¹, Between this hinge f and

page_text: the steam supply pipe j, there is a separate revolvable piece of pipe k, having upon
it a ratchet wheel k¹, meshing with, and adapted to be worked by, the spring
pawl on the door . The ends of the revolving piece k work in the end of
the pipe and hinge f; and the steam tight joint with them is made by a stuff-
ing box and gland joint and f', respectively. The door 4 has bosses ², on
which it is slung; and the plate which may be taken to represent a plate
closing a furnace ashpit-has bosses; and through these bosses the hollow
hinge passes. By this construction, the piece k would be always turned in
one direction by each movement of the door edge carrying the blower. This
provides an even wear, and a tight joint is preserved. In this case also, the
steam conduits are shewn provided with removeable plugs el on their backs,
opposite the nozzles e, by means of which the nozzles can be cleaned.
The modification in Figure 9 consists in using a casing on the end of the
pipe, and a plug on the end of the hollow shaft f. This makes a joint in
the form of a plug cock, through which the steam passes to the hollow spindle f,
to the nozzle conduits i. The plug and casing may be provided with openings
so arranged and adapted, that in the operation of opening the door the supply
of steam would be cut off, whilst when the door is closed, steam would be passed
by the cock.
In the modification shewn in Figures 9 and 9", the nozzles and their con-
duits are hinged, and the plate or door carrying the body is also hinged:
and this amounts practically to the body itself being hinged. In this modifica-
tion, the nozzle carrying conduits communicate with a hollow hinge tube f,
to which the motor steam is introduced; whilst their outer end is provided
with a projecting part, as shewn, and is held normally over the mouth or inlet b
of the blower body a by a hinged catch. The catch is easily pressed back
off the projecting part of the conduits i, when these conduits can be slung back
about the hinge f, and access to the space within the plate h, through the body a,
obtained.
If greater area of access is required, then the plate or door is slung back
about the hinge f, carrying with it, of course, the nozzle conduits ; that is,
they both move together.
According to a further modification, in connection with hinged blowers, a steam
jet blower may be provided above or at the hinge, the body being adapted to
serve as a hollow hinge pin and the nozzles being, say fixed upon the steam
supply pipe the said body being suitably proportioned to constitute a blower;
or, the body may be concentric with, but above or below, a separate hollow
hinge. This blower constitutes a primary blower, and its discharge acts as the
motor fluid to other blowers such as described, which will constitute the main,
though secondary blowers. In this case no steam tight hinged joint is required.
This mode or arrangement may, in some cases be applied to, or used in con-
nection with simple, or the forms of blowers hereinbefore described. These
constructions or arrangements are illustrated in elevation in Figures 10 and 11
respectively.
In Figure 10, the hinged hollow pin is provided with a curved or tapered
inlet or bell mouth ; and above it is the motor steam supply pipe j. with a
nozzle, which would be fixed. In action, the steam blowing into the body f
would force the air into and through the body f, and thence by the branch it,
and conduits i, into and through the nozzles e: and this air, at comparatively
high pressure, would serve as the motor fluid for the main blower.
The primary blower in this, or equivalent combinations or arrangements, will,
of course, always be constructed and adapted to supply air at a considerably
higher pressure than the ultimate pressure required.
In the modification shewn in Figure 11, the primary blower body is above,
but concentric with, a separate hollow hinge. In this case, as shewn, the primary
blower o stands above the hinge f and the door h carrying the blower proper;
whilst the steam pipe and nozzle j,, are fixed.

page_text: In the modified arrangement of primary and secondary blowers shewn in
Figure 12, the primary blower body is combined directly with the secondary
blower body and conduit or conduits ; and the steam nozzle will be taken out
of connection with the combining tube or body of the blower, when the door
carrying the blower is moved or opened, as the case may be. Referring to the
drawing, the body o of the primary blower is shewn connected with the inlet b
and conduits of the secondary blower; and above the inlet of the primary
blower, the fixed steam pipe and nozzle are disposed. The secondary blower
is shewn fixed in the door ; and when this door is shut (in the case of the
door being hinged at the side opposite the blower o), or in place (in the case
of its being a removeable door), the axis of the nozzle will be coincident with
that of the primary blower body o; and on the other hand, when the door is
opened or moved, the blower body would move out of connection or operative
arrangement with the nozzle . In this, and in other cases herein referred to,
taps or cocks may be supplied on the steam supply pipe wherever it may be
deemed necessary.
A further modification is shewn in connection with the arrangement just des-
cribed, in Figure 12: namely, the arrangement wherein the whole blower or appara-
tus, except the steam nozzle, is adapted to be moved bodily away from the plate
on which it is mounted. In this case, the door is provided with wedge shaped
lugs m and on the plate there are provided corresponding catches, , with
which the lugs m engage, and by which the plate his pressed up against the
plate. The plate h, therefore, in this case, can be lifted entirely off, and the
blower parts of the apparatus would come away with it.
Figures and 14 shew a modification of multiple nozzle blower, wherein
primary and secondary blower portions are employed, the two blowers being in
two separate portions.
";
and
from the
Referring to the figures, the primary blower is of a multiple nozzle type
above described; namely, it comprises a body a with curved or tapered inlet b,
and a motor steam supply conduit with multiple nozzles c. The secondary
blower, in this case, consists of a body u, analogous in form to the body a, and
having a tapered inlet u' and the discharge of air from passes into and down the
body
the ashpit
lower end of this body into
or furnace, as the case may be, supplying secondary or primary air. Thus the
primary blower or upper part, serves as a second complete blower, or jet portion
to the second blower ; and it (the primary part) will supply air at a consider-
ably higher pressure than the ultimate pressure required. This form of blower,
as stated, may supply primary air to the ashpit of a furnace, or secondary air
to the furnace above the fuel; and, in some cases, the primary part may be on
the fire door, and the secondary part on the ashpit door or front. But in other
cases, they may be differently arranged, according to requirements. When one
of the parts, or both, are fitted on doors or a door, as the case may be, the parts
will be separately supported and hinged, from one another, so as to allow the
door on which one part is hinged or supported, to be moved. These blowers,
as will be plain, are practically wholly disposed on the outside of the furnace in
connection with which they are used.
In the case of this latter type of blower being applied to a locomotive type
of boiler furnace for supplying secondary air above the fuel, the primary part
on the blower would be fixed above the fire door, whilst the secondary part will
be on the fire door.
Another modification of multiple nozzle blower is shewn in Figures 15 and 15.
In this case, the blower body serves as the main portion of the door for gaining
access to the ashpit, or space to which it supplies air. In the case shewn, the
entrance of the body a of the blower, is near the hinge of the blower door:
and the multiple nozzles e are disposed across it, and at such a distance from
it, as will enable the entrance to pass the nozzles. The body a, or combining
tube, which is of the form above described, forms a portion of the door, dis-
charging at the opposite end to the entrance, into a chamber q. And on the

page_text: inside of this chamber, there is a perforated plater for distributing the air from
the chamber 4. When this form of combined blower-door is applied to an ash-
pit door, the plate serves as a deflector; or to direct streams of air into the
front ends of the fire bars.
Around the edge of the combined blower door, a seat or faces is provided;
and it is adapted to fit up to, or close against, a face or seat t on the furnace
fitting to which the blower device is applied, making an air tight joint with it.
As a modification of this combined blower and door construction shewn in
Figs. 15 and 16, the inlet may be above, and the discharge below, with the
hinge at the side; whilst, of course, the nozzles for supplying steam would be
disposed above the inlet; and may be fixed or not, as may be desired. In this
case, the blower body would be equivalent or similar to the body u in Figure 13,
for supplying secondary or primary air; and it may be provided with a chamber
and distributing plate, or not, as will be deemed requisite.
Figures 17 and 18, which are longitudinal section and outside view, shew
modifications in which a multiple nozzle blower and liquid fuel supply are com-
bined. The blower is of circular type in this case, substantially similar to that
shewn in Figure 6; and steam is supplied to the nozzles e by the pipe through
a central hollow boss it, and thence by radial hollow conduits i, to the nozzles e.
The oil or liquid fuel is conducted through a central atomizer or nozzle t¹, to
which steam is also admitted in any suitable way, for affecting the atomizing
action and supply; the oil being introduced from any suitable supply pipe into
the atomizer by a funnel or receptacle . A cone 3, suitably supported from
the atomizer nozzle t, is employed in front of the end of the atomizer, to prevent
the atomizer liquid being projected bodily into the furnace too far, and to secure
its intermixture and union with the air supply by the nozzles e.
This appara
tus provides a combined forced draught liquid fuel burner.
Further, according to this invention, in connection with jet blowers of the
character herein referred to, say, in connection with steam generators, a reducing
valve or device is, in some cases, employed in connection with the motor steam
supply pipe, so as to reduce the steam pressure below that normally existing in
the supply pipe; while, at the same time, in connection with this reduction of
steam pressure, the steam nozzles of the multiple nozzle blower are made abnor-
mally large. The object and effect of this is to provide the two-fold advantage of
drying the steam, due to its expansion on reduction, and so preventing moisture
being supplied to the apparatus, and its consequences, and of obviating the likli-
hood of the nozzles becoming choked with scale, etcetera, which exists with nozzles
of small bore. In the absence of this, if the steam of a given weight to perform
a given output, were divided amongst the several nozzles (instead of all passing
through one), the apertures or bores of the nozzles would be very small, and the
liklihood of stoppage or blocking proportionately increased.
In some cases, the motor steam supply pipe, in front of the nozzles, may be
provided with a strainer, adapted to separate all solid particles larger than the
nozzle openings and the strainer, or the parts supporting same, are constructed
or provided with means so arranged as to enable the solid particles intercepted to
be removed at convenience.
Figure 19 shews a construction of secondary air supply blower, by which the
head of the blower will be preserved, and will not require renewal, when the
discharge end requires renewal. The body a of the blower, in this case, is made
up in two parts, one of which projects on the outside of the plate to which
it is attached; whilst the other part lies within the plate, in the furnace, and
is subjected to the action of the heat in it. The two portions of the body are
provided with flanges, which fit one on either side of the plate and are
fastened thereon by through bolts, or the like. The steam supplied to the
nozzles e passes by a passage in the head or external portion of the blower body,
to the conduit i carrying the nozzles e. It will be seen that by taking away the

page_text: fastening bolts, the inner or discharge end of the body can be taken away and
replaced with a new one, quickly, and without much expense.
In some cases, the delivery or discharge end of blowers for supplying secondary
air to the burning gases, may have in connection with them, a shield, as indi-
cated by dotted lines in Figure 19, in order to prevent the radiation of heat
from the furnace, through the blower bodies, to the external atmosphere. Or,
a shield disposed some distance in front of the discharge end of the blower may
be provided and employed to effect this purpose.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what we
claim is:
1. A steam jet air or gas blowing or forcing apparatus having a plurality of
steam jet or supply nozzles, and a tubular body, the said nozzles being so arranged
in or on the body, and this body so proportioned, that the jets practically com-
bine and fill the said body at or before the end thereof; substantially as set
forth.
2. A steam jet air or gas blowing or forcing apparatus having a plurality of
steam jet or supply nozzles, and a tubular body, the said nozzles being so arranged
in or on the body, in a line or lines, or circle or circles, that the steam jets in
the tube or body, will combine or form themselves substantially in squares, or
hexagons, or analogous figures, in lines or circles, or combinations thereof; sub-
stantially as herein set forth.
8. A steam jet air or gas blowing or forcing apparatus having a plurality of
steam jet or supply nozzles, and a single tubular body arranged in connection
with and passing through the ashpit or stoking door of a furnace, the said body
being separately supported and hinged; or. the nozzles being separately sup-
ported and hinged: or, said body and nozzles being respectively, separately,
supported and hinged: substantially as herein set forth.
4. In a steam jet air or gas blowing or forcing apparatus, a furnace or ash-
pit door having a hollow hinge adapted to act as a body for said apparatus. or,
a body disposed concentrically with or about the axis of the hinge of said door:
and a steam jet or jets nozzle or nozzles disposed above or below the said hollow
hinge or body: substantially as set forth.
5. A steam jet air or gas blowing or forcing apparatus attached to or fitting
in or on a furnace ashpit or fire door, and having a hollow hinge serving as the
steam supply conduit to the blower nozzle, and having a movable or revolving
gland piece or connection, operated when the door is opened; substantially as
set forth.
6. A steam jet air or gas blowing or forcing apparatus connected with or on
a furnace ashpit or fire-door, having a perforated distributing or deflecting plate
at the outlet: substantially as herein set forth.
7. A steam jet air or gas blowing or forcing apparatus, the body of which
is adapted to serve as a door or main portion of a door of an ashpit or space
to which it supplies air, and having a row or rows of jets or nozzles at or near
the hinge or at one side, on or over the blower entrance: substantially as herein
set forth.
S. A steam jet air or gas blowing or forcing apparatus, the body of which is
adapted to serve as a door or main portion of a door of an ashpit or space to
which it supplies air, and having a row or rows of jets or nozzles at or near the
hinge or at one side, on or over the blower entrance; and a chamber at the out-
let of the body: substantially as set forth.
9. A steam jet air or gas blowing or forcing apparatus having a body, the
forced product of which serves as the motor fluid to a second blower, and a
discharge portion of which is connected by a conduit or conduits with a
plurality of nozzles discharging into a blower body or tube common to same:
substantially as set forth.

page_text: 10. A steam jet air or gas blowing or forcing apparatus comprising a primary
and a secondary blower or body, in which the product of the primary blower
is used as the motor fluid for the secondary blower, and wherein the primary
and secondary blowers are disposed in relation to each other, substantially as
herein set forth.
11. A steam jet air or gas blowing or forcing apparatus comprising a body,
having at its inlet a conduit or conduits carrying a plurality of nozzles, and
another blower body to which the product of the primary body or blower passes
directly, and serves as the motor Huid thereof: substantially as shown in and
set forth with reference to the drawings.
12. A steam jet air or gas blowing or foreing apparatus comprising a primary
and secondary blower, the primary blower consisting of a body, a, having a
plurality of steam nozzles arranged in a line or lines over the inlet thereof, and
disposed and operating in connection with said body, as described; and a second-
ary body or blower u, of the same general form as the above mentioned body,
and the motor fluid of which is the product of the primary blower; arranged
and adapted to act substantially as herein described and shewn.
13. A steam jet air or gas blowing or forcing apparatus, wherein a plurality
of nozzles in line are employed in connection with a body common to same, and
said body constitutes a furnace door, or a substantial portion thereof; substanti-
ally as herein set forth.
14. A combined forced draught blower and liquid fuel burner, comprising
a body, a plurality of nozzles over the inlet of same for supplying steam thereto,
and an inner oil or liquid fuel atomizer or nozzle: substantially as herein set
forth.
15. In a steam jet air or gas blowing or forcing apparatus, having a plurality
of nozzles, effecting the supply to same of dry motor steam, and obviating the chok-
ing of the nozzles, by reducing the pressure of such steam by a suitable pressure
reducing device on the supply pipe, and by the employment of nozzles having
abnormally large bores: substantially as herein set forth.
16. Steam jet apparatus having a plurality of steam jets or supply nozzles,
and a tubular body common to same, constructed and adapted to operate as set
forth with reference to and shewn in Figures 1 and 2: Figure 3; Figures 4
and 5 and Figure 6, respectively, of the drawings.
17. Steam jet apparatus having a plurality of steam jets or supply nozzles.
and a tubular body common to same. and parts connected with same, constructed
and adapted to operate as set forth with reference to, and shewn in Figures T
and S: and Figure 9, respectively, of the drawings.
18. Steam jet apparatus comprising primary and secondary blowers, arranged
and adapted to operate as set forth with reference to and as shown in Figure 10:
Figure 11 Figure 12 and Figures 13 and 14, respectively, of the drawings.
19. Steam jet apparatus having a plurality of steam jets or supply nozzles
(with or without a distributing device), constructed and adapted to operate as
set forth with reference to Figures 15 and 16 of the drawings.
20. Steam jet apparatus comprising a plurality of steam jets or supply nozzles,
and a tubular body common to same, made in two pieces: as set forth with
reference to and shewn in Figure 19, of the drawings.
21. The combined forced draught or jet apparatus and liquid fuel burner.
having a plurality of steam jet nozzles in a ring, a cylindrical body, and a central
liquid fuel atomizer, as set forth with reference to and shewn in Figures 17
and 18 of the drawings.
Dated the 18th day of October 1900.
CHEESBROUGH & ROYSTON,
Applicants Patent Agents.
15. Water Street, Liverpool.