Im- PROVEMENTS IN SHOES FOR HORSES AND OTHER ANIMALS, AND AN IMPROVED METHOD OF FASTENING OR SECURING SHOES TO HORSES AND OTHER ANIMALS' FEET
Year: 1870

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Charles John Carr, of the City of Manchester,
in the County of Lancaster, Engineer, for the Invention of "Im-
PROVEMENTS IN SHOES FOR HORSES AND OTHER ANIMALS, AND AN IMPROVED
METHOD OF FASTENING OR SECURING SHOES TO HORSES AND OTHER ANIMALS'
FEET."
Sealed the 22nd December 1870, and dated the 28th June 1870.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Charles John Carr
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 28th June 1870.
I, CHARLES JOHN CARR, of the City of Manchester, in the County
of Lancaster, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said In-
vention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN SHOES FOR HORSES AND OTHER ANIMALS, AND
AN IMPROVED METHOD OF FASTENING OR SECURING SHOES TO HORSES AND OTHER
ANIMALS' FEET," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to the forming of shoes for horses and other
animals from wrought iron, malleable cast iron, or other suitable
material, in such a way that the shoes shall be fastened on to the feet

page_text: without the use of the ordinary nails; and I effect this by affixing,
forming, or casting on to the outer edge of the shoe small straps of
metal furnished with a small spike or spikes of such length as not to
pierce through the horn of the hoof, the shoe being bevilled towards the
sole of the foot to prevent its sliding on the foot when the horse or
animal is at work. When the hoof of the animal has been properly
fitted to the shoe the foot is placed thereon, and the straps hammered
on to the outside of the hoof, so that the small spikes pierce the same,
and the shoe will be fastened.
These straps or fasteners can also be applied to shoes of the ordinary
or other kinds, and may be used together with the ordinary horse-shoe
nails.
These shoes can also be formed with a thin cover extending over the
greater part of the sole of the foot, and so divided by cross pieces as to
receive, if required, india-rubber, leather, or other suitable substance, to
fill up the same, so that an area equal to nearly the whole surface of the
foot shall have bearing on the ground, thereby preventing slipping.
These shoes can also be fastened on the animals' feet with ordinary
nails in the usual way without using the fastening straps.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Charles John Carr in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 27th December 1870.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, CHARLES
JOHN CARR, of the City of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster,
Engineer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent bearing date the Twenty-eighth day of June, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy, in the thirty-fourth
year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and
grant unto me, the said Charles John Carr, Her special license that
I, the said Charles John Carr, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, or such others as I, the said Charles John Carr, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no
others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term

page_text: therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN.
SHOES FOR HORSES AND OTHER ANIMALS, AND AN IMPROVED METHOD OF FASTENING;
OR SECURING SHOES TO HORSES AND OTHER ANIMALS' FEET," upon the condition
amongst others, that I, the said Charles John Carr, my executors or
administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one.
of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be
performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent
Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date
of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Charles John Carr, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement thereof; reference being had to the Figures
on the accompanying Sheet of Drawings, and to the letters of reference
marked thereon, that is to
say :-
This Invention consists, first, in improved modes of fastening shoes to
the feet of the animals without the use of the ordinary nails, the shoes
being made of wrought iron, cast iron, made more or less malleable, or
other suitable material.
Secondly. In improved forms of the upper and lower surfaces of the
shoes..
And thirdly. In improved forms of the shields or covers of the shoes
of malleable cast iron or other suitable material for enabling economical
anti-concussion pads to be fixed to them.
In one arrangement for fastening the shoes to the feet I affix, form,
or cast on to the outer edge of the shoe small straps of metal furnished
with one or more spikes of such length as not to pierce through the
horn of the hoof, and Fig. 1 is a longitudinal section, and Fig. 2 a plan
of an open shoe, and Fig. 3 a plan of a bar shoe provided with this
description of fastener, a representing the shoe, b the straps, and c the
spikes. The straps are shewn as they appear in the unfastened shoe,
but when the shoe has to be fastened the hoof is first properly fitted to
the shoe and the foot placed thereon, after which the straps are turned
over and hammered on to the outside of the hoof so that the spikes
pierce the same and the shoe will be fastened. In another arrangement

page_text: for fastening the shoes to the hoofs I make taper dovetailed slots in the
outer edge of the shoe and place in them thin straps, each having one
or more spikes, there being on the strap a taper dovetailed part corre-
sponding with the slot in the outer edge of the shoe; Figs. 4 and 5 are
views of one of these straps in right angled positions, and Fig. 6 a side
view; Fig. 7 a plan; Fig. 8 a longitudinal section, and Fig. 9 a plan of
two different shoes provided with this description of fastening straps;
Figs. 7 and 9 shewing the bottom surfaces of the shoes, the straps being
marked d, the spikes e, and the dovetailed slots f. I make the straps
of various shapes, and also when desired cast them to a rim projecting
a short distance up the hoof, one variety of strap being shewn in Figs. 10
and 11, and straps connected with a projecting rim in Fig. 12 in which
the straps are marked h, the projecting rim i, the shoe k, and the part of
the hoof 7. This shoe and projecting rim can also be fitted with dovetailed
slots to receive the separate straps or fasteners, which separate fasteners
can also be applied to the shoes shewn in Figs. 1, 2, and 3.
My improvements connected with the upper surface of the shoe
consists in forming it with a bevil inclining upwards towards the sole of
the foot so that when the hoof is properly fitted to the shoe there shall
be no tendency of the shoe to slide on the foot when travelling on the
road and in all the Figures where the incline is shewn it is marked m, and
this incline can be made in malleable cast iron, wrought iron, or other
metal, whether fastened to the hoofs by my improved fasteners or by the
ordinary horse-shoe nails.
My improvements connected with the lower surface of the shoe relate
by preference to shoes of malleable cast-iron, and consist in the addition
of a perforated shield or cover over the surface of the sale of the foot in
order to give an increased wearing surface to the shoe and a shield to
the foot, and one arrangement of this description is shewn in the plan
Fig. 13 of the upper side of the shoe, the perforated shield or cover
being marked p. The shoe has holes for the ordinary horse-shoe nails,
but my improved fasteners can be partially or entirely employed, and
although I have shewn perforations of a diagonal shape, they may be
square, circular, or of any other desired form,
My improved forms of shields or covers and pads in connection with
them are shewn in Figs. 3, 6, 7, 8, 9, 14, and 15, the shield being
marked in all the Figures. The shield covers the foot with the excep-
tion of the frog, and at that part the metal is flanged downwards, being
r

page_text: level with the bottom of the shoe, where it joins the rim, but receding
slightly upwards as it advances towards the centre, as shewn at s,
Figs. 6, 8, and 14. The shield in Figs. 6 and 7 is adapted for pads of
felt, compressed layers of hempen cloth, india-rubber, or other fabrics or
substances fastened on by adhesive mixtures, vulcanizing, or other well-
known means, the pads projecting slightly below the bottom of the
shoes. By preference I use a thick felt for the pad, which as one means
of fastening can be stitched on to the shield through suitable holes
formed in the same. It will be observed that in the bar shoe shewn at
Fig. 3, the shield fitted with a pad covers the frog as well as the sole.
The shield shewn in Figs. 8 and 9 is adapted for pads of leather or
other similar substances, there being a number of spikes t cast or fixed
to the shield on to which the leather is hammered. The stripes shown
by dotted lines are covered by the leather, but where the lines are full
a part of the leather is removed. The shield shewn in Figs. 14 and 15
is also adapted for pads of felt or other suitable material, and in this
shield there are holes v countersunk in the inside for the purpose of
giving greater strength and stability in fastening the pad, for when
adhesive mixtures are used a portion thereof is placed in the counter-
sinks thereby adding to the strength, and the pads in all the Figures
are marked 4. When spikes are required to prevent slipping in frosty
weather, they are screwed or otherwise fastened in the holes w, Figs. 2,
3, 7, 9, 13, and 15. Any of these shoes with shields may be used with-
out pads, and instead of the bevil formed on the shoes, as shown in
the Figures, a small bead or ridge may project therefrom to be let
into the hoof, or the bevil may commence from the extreme outer
edge of the shoe, the hoof being fitted to the same, and I may remark
that the pads of felt or textile fabrics may be made waterproof when
desired.
Having now described the nature and particulars of my said Inven-
tion, and the manner in which the same is to be performed, I desire it
to be understood that I claim,-
First. The improved modes of fastening shoes to the feet of horses or
other animals without the use of the ordinary nails.
Secondly. The improved forms of the upper and lower surfaces of
the shoes.
And, thirdly. The improved forms of the shields or covers of the shoes
for the purpose of enabling economical anti-concussion pads to be fixed

page_text: to them, as all such improvements are herein described and illustrated
in the accompanying Sheet of Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said Charles John Carr, have hereunto.
set my hand and seal, this Twenty-fourth day of December, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy.
CHARLES JOHN CARR. (L.S.)