A New Method of Utilizing the Waste of Flour and other Mills and Machines or Industries for Treating Agricultural Produce.
Year: 1887

page_text: Date of Application, 9th Apr., 1887
Complete Left, 9th Feb., 1888
Complete Accepted, 13th Apr., 1888
A New Method of Utilizing the Waste of Flour and other Mills and
Machines or Industries for Treating Agricultural Produce.
I LOUIS RAPPAPORT of Breslau in the Kingdom of Prussia and German Empire
do hereby declare the nature of this Invention to be as follows:-
All kinds of grain and pulse, for instance wheat, spelt, rye, barley, oats, buck-wheat,
rice, millet, maize, pease, lentils; beans etc. when taken to the mill to be ground are
mostly found to contain a mixture of strange and even of poisonous seed at times.
They are then subjected to a sorting process for the purpose of cleaning them, the
strange and poisonous seed being separated from the ciean grain in a mechanical
way and being had as waste or siftings.
By means of the cleaning, ribbing, grinding, polishing, shelling assorting, and
other process to which the grain and pulse is then subjected, after being cleansed of
the strange seeds it contained part-products are left and separated, which in many
cases contain a large amount of oil, grease and even wax and cholesterine.
This is not only the case in flour, rice, millet peeling groat and grit mills but also
in other industries akin to this in which agricultural produce of various sorts is treated.
These substances, which have not been utilized hitherto, can be extracted by subjecting
the said part-products to pressure in a mechanical way or else by applying in suitable
apparatus such solution mediums as benzine, naphtha, rhigolene, photogen, ligroine,
benzole, toluole, xylole or other light carburates of hydrogen derived from petroleum,
and coal-tar, further sulphuret of carbon, ether, chloroform, chloride of ethylene or
ethylidene and chlorine derivates from alcohols.
After the distillation of the solution material oil or grease is obtained in this manner
on the one hand and the wax or cholesterine they contain can be separated by
saponification remaining undissolved by the lyes on the other hand there remains as
residuum the grain or pulse or its part-product deprived of its oil, grease, wax or
cholesterine but else unchanged, which after being dried, can be used for all purposes
for which non-extracted grain is used that is to say for food and feeding purposes
for making starch, alcohol and all other products made from starch.

page_text: The strange seed that is separated in sorting and cleaning the grain or pulse and
usually termed siftings, can likewise be turned to better account than formerly;
owing to its being in part poisonous this seed must be chemically treated prior to use.
If this seed (cleaning waste) is very oleaginous and does not happen to be mixed with
poisonous seed it can be subjected in a crushed state to the same treatment as the
grain, or in other words it can be subjected to pressure or to chemical extraction by
means of the above-named solving materials. But if this seed (cleaning waste)
should happen to be strongly intermixed with poisonous seed the residuum that
remains after the oil extracting process must be subjected to a poison extracting
process. This second extraction is effected by means of alcohols, weak acids or weak
alkalis, which substances leave this residuum from which they extract the poison in
such a state that it can likewise be used for the purposes already mentioned.
If the seed found in the cleaning waste is not of a very oleaginous nature it is
advisable to perform these two extractions by only one operation. In this case alcohols
alone are used as solutions, for these substances extract, as experience teaches, the oil,
grease, wax or cholesterine and likewise the vegetable poison all at the same time. The
extract thus obtained and containing a mixture of oil and poison must be treated again
with the above named solution materials so that the main parts, namely oil and grease,
are separated from the poisonous material.
But the residium itself, deprived as it then is of both oily and poisonous parts, can
be used without hesitation for feeding purposes and for the technical purposes already
mentioned herein.
The novelty of this invention consists in:
1. The obtaining of oily and greasy substances from all kinds of chief and accessory
produce, likewise from the residuum and waste obtained in the preparing, cleaning
and sorting of all kinds of grain and pulse for instance wheat, spelt, rye, barley, oats,
buck-wheat, millet, maize, pease, lentils, beans etc., in flour, rice, millet, peeling,
groat, and grit mills, and further from the residium and waste of industries
akin to the above, as for instance in breweries malt-houses, starch and yeast
factories, and further from the cleaning, sorting ribbing, grinding, polishing
and peeling processes to which this process is subjected it being immaterial in this case
whether this produce has to serve practical purposes, thus for instance as to be used
as food feeding material, to suit technical purposes.
2. The method of obtaining oily and greasy substances from the produce previously
described by mechanical treatment, that is to say, by pressure, or by application of
chemical extracting mediums, such as benzine, naphtha, petroleum ether, rhigolene,
photogen, ligroine, benzole, toluole, xylole and all other light oils obtained by the
distillation of petroleum or coal tar and further ether chloroform, chloride of ethylene,
or ethlyde, sulphuret of carbon, ethylic alcohol (spirits of wine) methylic alcohol
(spirits of wood) or by mixtures of these substances.
The extraction can also be effected by a combination of the chemical and mechanical
methods already described.
3. The extracting of poison from the strange seed or grain (cleaning waste) obtained
in the cleaning and sorting of grain and pulse as for instance, agrostemma, githago,
vaccariæ, pyramidata L. Adonis aestivals. L. Rannunculus arvensis L. Nigella
arvensis, L. Delphinum consolida, L. Datura stramonium or other like extracts
whether they contain oil or not through extraction by means of alcohol or diluted acid
or alkalis.
The residuum obtained by the procedure described is likewise subjected to the same
process provided for the waste containing poisonous parts.
4. The obtaining of oil, grease and poison from the extract gained by means of
alcohols after the method previously described and by means of the mediums as stated.
5. The obtaining of wax cholesterine from the oleaginous extract gained according
to the previously described methods as residuum of the well known saponification
process.
6. The utilisation of the residuum of all the materials hereinbefore enumerated by
means of the methods previously described, after the extraction of the oil, grease

page_text: cholesterine, wax or poison, either for food or feeding purposes, or as a material for
the manufacture of alcohol, starch and other products derived from starch.
7. The obtaining utilizing of the products extracted from the material hereinbefore
enumerated the products being oil, grease, wax, poison, and residuum free both of oil
and poison for trade and technical purposes, as new products never obtained hitherto
from these materials.

page_text: PRAHAKAR
Machines or Industries for Treating Agricultural Produce.
I LOUIS RAPPAPORT of Breslau in the Kingdom of Prussia and German Empire
do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described & ascertained in & by the following
statement :-
This invention relates to a new method and process of treatment so as to utilize the
waste or residuum obtained from flour mills and from machines or processes for
grinding sorting sifting preparing or cleansing grain or pulse and other similar
agricultural produce.
All kinds of grain and pulse for instance wheat, spelt, rye, barley, oats, buck-wheat,
rice, millet, maize, pease, lentils, beans etc. when taken to the mill to be ground are
mostly found to contain a mixture of strange and even of poisonous seed at times,
they are then subjected to a sorting process for the purpose of cleaning them the
strange and poisonous seed being separated from the clean grain in a mechanical or
any suitable way and being had as waste or siftings.
These kinds of grains though belonging to that class of grains which contain more or
less oil or oleaginous matter do not possess the oil in the kernel itself as is the case
with the class of seeds which may be termed oil seeds for instance such as linseed,
rapeseed, etc., but in the former the oil as concentrated in certain outer parts of the
grains which in the process of treating cleansing scouring etc. are removed thereby
resulting in a product which as compared with the kernel itself contains a much
greater percentage of oil and therefore by means of cleansing, ribbing, grinding,
polishing, shelling, assorting, and other processes to which grain and pulse is subjected
the part products which are left and separated contain a large amount of oil grease
and even wax and cholesterine.
This is not only the case in flour, rice, millet, peeling groat grit and other mills or
machines but also in other industries akin to this in which agricultural grain or pulse
of various sorts is treated. These oils or oleaginous matters contained in such waste
residuum or part products which have not in such manner been utilized hitherto can
be extracted by subjecting the said part products to pressure in a mechanieal way or
else by applying in suitable apparatus such solution mediums as benzine, naptha,
rhigolene, photogen, ligroine, benzole, toluole, xylole, or other light carburates of
hydrogen derived from petroleum and coal-tar further sulphuret of carbon, ether,
chloroform, cloride of ethylene or ethylidene and clorine derivates from alcohols.
After the distillation of the solution material oil or grease is obtained in this manner
on the one hand and the wax or cholesterine they contain can be separated by saponi-
fication remaining undissolved by the lyes on the other hand there remains the residuum
or part products deprived of its oil grease wax or cholesterine but otherwise unchanged
which after being dried can be used for all purposes for which such non-extracted waste
or residuum has hitherto been used (for instance for food and feeding purposes) and

page_text: also for many new purposes to which it has not previously been applicable such as
for making starch, arac, alcohol and all other products made from starch, and also for
other purposes-
s-as for instance the residue of millet (known in Germany as "hirse")
after having the oil or oily matter extracted becomes after roasting so similar in flavour
and taste to cocao that it may be used as a valuable substitute for such in the manu-
facture of chocolate or for many other purposes for which cocao is used.
Also the residue of rice after having the oil or oily matter extracted becomes floury
and moreover can then easily be separated into grades of less or higher value.
The strange seed or matter that is separated in sorting and cleaning the grain or
pulse and usually termed siftings can likewise be turned to better account than formerly
in some cases owing to its being in part poisonous this seed must be chemically treated
prior to use. If this seed is very oleaginous and does not happen to be mixed with
poisonous seed it can be subjected in a crushed state to the same treatment as the
grain or in other words it can be subjected to pressure or to chemical extraction by
means of the above-named solving materials. But if this seed should happen to be
strongly intermixed with poisonous seed the residuum that remains after the oil
extracting process must be subjected to a poison extracting process. This second
extraction is effected by means of alcohols weak acids or weak alkalis which substances
leave this residuum from which they extract the poison in such a state that it can
likewise be used for the purposes already mentioned.
If the seed found in the cleaning waste is not of a very oleaginous nature it is
advisable to perform these two extractions by only one operation. In this case
alcohols are alone used as solutions to extract the oil grease wax or cholesterine and
likewise the vegetable poison all at the same time. The extract thus obtained and
containing a mixture of oil or oily matter and poison must be treated again with the
above-named solution materials so that the main parts namely oil & grease are separated
from the poisonous material.
But the residuum itself deprived as it then is of both oily and poisonous parts can
be used without hesitation for feeding purposes and for the technical or other purposes
already mentioned herein or to which it may be applicable.
The novelty of this invention consists in:
(a) The obtaining of oily and greasy substances from the residuum and waste
obtained in the preparing treating cleaning and sorting of all kinds of grain and pulse for
instance wheat, spelt, rye, barley, oats, buck wheat,, millet, rice, maize, pease, lentils,
beans etc., in flour, rice, millet, peeling, groat and grit, and other similar mills or
machines and further from the residuum and waste of industries akin to the above as
for instance in breweries, malt-houses, starch and yeast factories, and further from
the cleaning, sorting, ribbing, grinding, polishing, and peeling processes to which such
produce is subjected it being immaterial in this case whether this produce has to serve
practical purposes thus for instance such as to be used for food or feeding material.
(b) The method of obtaining oily and greasy substances from the produce previously
described by mechanical treatment that is to say by pressure or by application of
chemical extracting mediums such as benzine naptha petroleum ether rhigolene
photogen ligroine benzole toluole xylole and other light oils obtained by the distillation
of petroleum or coal-tar and further ether chloroform chloride of ethylene or ethylidene
sulphuret of carbon ethylic alcohol (spirits of wine) methylic alcohol (spirits of wood)
or by mixtures of these substances.
The extraction can also be effected by a combination of the chemical and mechanical
methods already described.
(c) The extracting of poison from the strange seed or grain obtained in the cleaning
and sorting of grain or pulse as for instance Agrostemma, githago, Vaccario
pyramidata L Adonis aestivalis L Rannunculus arvensis L Nigella arvensis L Delphi-
num consolida L Datura stramonium or other like extracts whether they contain oil
or not through extraction by means of alcohols or diluted acids or alkalis.
(d) The obtaining of oil grease and poison from the extract gained by means of
alcohols after the method previously described and by means of the mediums as
stated.

page_text: (e) The obtaining of wax or cholesterine from the oleaginous extract gained
according to the previously described methods as residuum of the well-known
saponification process.
(f) The utilization of the residuum of all the materials hereinbefore enumerated
obtained by means of the methods previously described after the extraction of the oil
grease cholesterine wax or poison either for food or feeding purposes or as a material
for the manufacture of alcohol starch and other products derived from starch or for
any of the other purposes to which such material is or may be found applicable.
The obtaining and utilizing of the products obtained from the materials hereinbefore
enumerated the products being oil grease wax poison and residuum free both of oil
and poison for trade and technical purposes as new products never obtained hitherto
from these materials.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim is
1st. The herein before described process and method of extracting by mechanical
or chemical means (or both) the oil oily greasy or oleaginous matters from the siftings
residuum or waste obtained in the preparing cleaning treating and sorting of all kinds
of agricultural grain and pulse substantially as and for the purposes set forth.
2nd. The hereinbefore described process and method of extracting by mechanical or
chemical means (or both) the oil oily greasy or oleaginous matters from the siftings
sortings residuum or waste obtained in the preparing cleaning treating and sorting of
all kinds of agricultural grain and pulse whereby such oil or oily matter is obtained
and the substances so treated are improved for feeding and other purposes to which
they have hitherto been applied and also rendered valuable for other purposes to which
they have not formerly been applicable substantially as set forth.
3rd. The application of the siftings sortings residuum or waste obtained in the
preparing treating cleaning and sorting of all kinds of agricultural grains or pulse
after being deprived of their oils oily oleaginous or poisonous matters to various new
or useful purposes as for instance the residuum of millet (German "hirse") after
roasting as a substitute for cocao substantially as set forth.
4th. The improved process and method of treating and utilizing the waste obtained in
the preparing cleaning treating and sorting of all kinds of grain and pulse substantially
as set forth.
Dated this 9th day of February 1888.
TONGUE & BIRKBECK,
34, Southampton Buildings, London, W.C.,
Agents for the Patentee.