IMPROVEMENTS IN ANCHORS
Year: 1882

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PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Claude (otherwise Claudius)
Martin at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 10th May
1882.
CLAUDE (otherwise Claudius) MARTIN, of Brighton, in the County of Sussex,
'IMPROVEMENTS IN ANCHORS,"
This Invention relates to anchors which are to some extent of the kind known
as Martin's anchors such as are described in the Specification of Letters Patent
granted to Claude Martin the present Applicant and Hyppolite Martin, and dated
30th May 1872. No. 1632.
In an anchor made with the present improvements the fluke piece (or pair of
arms) is secured in the shank head by means of a shoulder on one side and a key
passed completely through the fluke piece on the other side. The key is fixed
with its ends projecting, and these ends work in recesses formed for them in the
face of the shank head, and which limit the angular movement of the fluke piece
so that the flukes may assume the proper inclination for taking hold-For
introducing the key a groove is formed from the outside of the shank head into
one of the recesses-Along with this improvement the journal of the fluke piece is
formed with a shallow groove round it to limit the bearing surfaces to narrow
portions at the sides-The shank head is in some cases made with slightly
projecting ribs at its corners. The fluke arms are made with a straight taper from
shoulder to point, but the flukes are bevilled so as to have a lozenge shaped
section-The stock or pair of fixed arms is curved in shape so as to be convex
towards the shank head, and it is also made of a curved cross-section so as to have
a concavity facing away from the shank head and so as to dig into the sand or soil
and thereby increase the holding power of the anchor.
In a second modification the shank head is of a forked form, and between tho
sides of the fork there is fixed on the fluke piece by means of a transverse bolt or
I Duin 17

page_text: Key a collar made with lateral projections which engage with projecting stops
formed on the outer ends or sides of the fork, and thereby limit the angular
movement of the fluke piece. The same projections on the collar of the fluke piece
are made with hooked parts which facilitate the canting of the anchor. The collar
on the fluke piece is not made a tight fit between the forked sides of the shank
head but is formed with a narrow fitting strip round its eye on each side, a
construction rendering it less liable to stick fast than if the entire surfaces were in
contact.
In a third modification the shank head is not forked but has a plain cylindrical
hole through it, and it is of a curved form at the sides. The fluke piece is shaped
octagonally or polygonally on each side close to its journal which fits in the hole in
the shank head, and on the octagonal or polygonal parts a pair of steel head pieces
are placed after the fluke piece has been placed in the shank head-These steel
head pieces extend beyond each side of the shank head and are bolted or riveted
together at the extremities with the shank head between them-The head pieces
secure the fluke piece in its place and limit its angular movement by parts suitably
formed on them coming into contact with the shank.-The flukes may be formed
as hereinbefore described, or so as to be of an oblong cross section having slightly
rounded surfaces, or with the middle part of each side flat or slightly curved and
the edges bevilled.
In all the inodifications herein before described, the parts which limit the angular
movements of the fluke piece and on which the proper action of the anchor greatly
depends are specially arranged in such exposed or external positions that any sand
or earth that might interfere with the proper action if remaining between the parts,
is certain to be washed away.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by Rose Martin Widow and Executrix of Claude (otherwise Claudius)
Martin, of Brighton in the county of Sussex in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 9th November 1882.
ROSE MARTIN Widow, and Executrix of Claude (otherwise Claudius) Martin,
of Brighton, in the County of Sussex. IMPROVEMENTS IN ANCHORS
The said Invention relates to anchors which are to some extent of the kind
known as Martin's anchors, such as are described in the Specification of Letters
Patent granted to Claude Martin and Hyppolite Martin and dated 30 May 1872
(No. 1632.).
The present improvements consist of modifications of details and their nature
and manner of practical application will be most readily understood from the
following particular description in which reference is made to three sheets of
explanatory drawings hereunto appended. In these drawings the same reference
numerals are used to mark the same or like parts wherever they are repeated.
One modification of the improved anchors is shown on sheet .1. of the
accompanying drawings, figure, 1, being an elevation, figure. 2. a section of the
shank head, figure, 3, a sectional clevation as at right angles to figure. 1, figures 4
and 5 a plan and a side view of the fluke piece as detached, and figure, 6, a section
of the stock.
In this modification the fluke piece (or pair of arms) 21, is secured in the
head, 22, of the shank, 23, by means of a shoulder, 24, on one side, and by a
key, 25, passed completely through the fluke piece on the other side.
The key, 25,
is fixed with its ends projecting, and these ends work in recesses, 26, formed for
them in the face of the shank head, 22, and which limit the angular movement of
the fluke piece, 21, in either direction, so that the flukes, 27, may assume the
proper inclination for taking hold. For introducing the key, 25, a groove, 28, is
frormed from the outside of the shank head, 22, into one of the recesses, 26, Along
with this improvement the journal of the fluke piece, 21, is formed with a shallow
groove, 29, round it to limit the bearing surfaces to narrow portions at the sides.
The shank head, 22, is in some cases made with slightly projecting ribs at its
corners as best shown in figure, 2, The fluke arms, 21, are made with a straight
taper from shoulder to point, but the flukes, 27, are bevilled so as to have a lozenge-
shaped section as shown below figure, 5, The pair of fixed arms or stock, 30, is
curved in shape so as to be convex towards the shank head and it is also made of
a curved cross section so as to have a concavity facing away from the shank head,
and so as to dip into the sand or soil, and thereby increase the holding power of
the anchor. If preferred the fluke piece, 21, may be made without the
shoulder, (24) and may be held in its place in the shank hend, 22, by keys, 25, on
each side of that head, the ends of both keys projecting and working in
recesses (26) on both sides such recesses being shaped to limit the angular
movement of the fluke piece. The fluke piece, 21, is shown in figures, 4 and 5, as
constructed to be secured by two keys in this way
A second modification is shown on sheet, 2, of the accompanying drawings
figures. 7. and 8, being elevations as at right angles to each other; figures, 9,
and, 10, a plan and elevation of the fluke piece as detached; and figures, 11
and 12, face and side elevations of a collar which is fixed upon the fluke piece.
In this second modification the shank head, 22, is of a forked form and between
the sides of the fork, there is fixed on the fluke piece, 21, by means of a transverse
bolt or key, a collar, 31, made with lateral projections or lugs, 32, which engage
with projecting stops 33, formed on the outer ends or sides of the shank head, 22,
and thereby limit the angular movement of the fluke piece, 21;. The projections

page_text: or lugs, 32, on the collar, 31, are made with hooked parts which facilitate the
canting of the anchor The collar, 31, on the fluke piece, 21, is not made a tight
fit between the forked sides of the shank head, 22, but is formed with a narrow
fitting strip round its eye on each side, a construction rendering it less liable to
stick fast than if the entire surfaces were in contact. In the example shown on
sheet, 2, the flukes, 27, are made of a somewhat different section (as shown below
figures 11 and 12,) from that shown on sheet, 1, and it is to be understood that the
forms or sections of flukes shown on the three sheets are interchangeable with the
other parts.
A third modification is shown on sheet, 3, figures, 13, and 14, being elevations as
at right angles to each other; figures, 15 and 16, elevations of the fluke piece as
detached; and figures, 17 and 18, a plan and an end elevation of a pair of
head pieces fixed on the fluke piece, whilst figure, 19, is an inside elevation of one
of the head pieces shown in figures, 17. and 18.
In this third modification the shank head, 22, is not forked but has a plain
The fluke
cylindrical hole through it and it is of a curved form at the sides.
piece, 21, is shaped octagonally or polygonally on each side close to its journal,
which fits in the hole in the shank head, 22; and on the octagonal or polygonal
parts a pair of steel head pieces, 34, are placed, after the fluke piece has been
placed in the shank head, 22, These steel head pieces, 34, extend beyond each side
of the shank head 22, and are bolted or rivetted together at the extremities with
the shank head between them. The head pieces, 34, secure the fluke piece, 21, in
its place, and limit its angular movement by parts, 35, suitably formed on them
coming into contact with the shank, 23, or shank head 22, The flukes, 27, are in
this example made with an oblong cross-section as shown at the side of figure, 16,
having slightly rounded surfaces with the edges bevilled.
In all the modifications herein before described the parts which limit the angular
movements of the fluke piece, (21) and on which the proper action of the anchor
greatly depends, are specially arranged in such exposed or external positions, that
any sand or earth that might interfere with proper action if remaining between
the parts, is certain to be washed away.
The said Invention and the manner of performing the same having been thus
particularly described it has to be stated that what is believed to be novel and
original and is claimed as the Invention secured to the said Claude Martin his
executors administrators or assigns by and in terms of the herein before in part
recited Letters Patent is.
1 The combination of parts constituting the improved Martin's anchor
herein before described with reference to figures 1 to 6, on sheet 1, of the
accompanying drawings.
2-The combination of parts constituting the improved Martin's anchor
bereinbefore described with reference to figures, 7, to 12 on sheet 2, of the
accompanying drawings.
3-The combination of parts constituting the improved Martin's anchor
hereinbefore described with reference to Figures, 13, to 19, on sheet, 3, of the
accompanying drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said, Rose Martin Executrix of the said Claude
(otherwise Claudius) Martin, have hereunto set my hand and Seal this
Seventh day of November in the Year of Our Lord One thousand eight
hundred and eighty two.