Improved Methods of Constructing Floors, Ceilings, and Walls, having Undercut Surfaces, for the Secure Fixing of Tiles and other Ceramic Productions or Plaster thereon.
Year: 1895

page_text: Cate of Application, 1st June, 1895
Complete Specification Left, 12th Aug., 1895-Accepted, 14th Sept., 1895
Improved Methods of Constructing Floors, Ceilings, and Walls,
having Undercut Surfaces, for the Secure Fixing of Tiles and
other Ceramic Productions or Plaster thereon.
I, THOMAS WILLIAM JARRETT, Ceramic Fixer, of 37, Bedford Row, London,
in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
The principal object of this invention is stated in the title and the details are:
First as to floors and ceilings, which are thus formed. The ordinary girders and
joists having been fixed in the customary manner, there are placed on the joists,
cement slabs, formed with undercut surfaces and with their ends moulded to the
outline of the flanges of the joists. The slabs are then carefully levelled in every
direction and secured in position. The usual irregularities in the levelness and
straightness of the joists are met by packing up the slabs, where necessary, or by
reducing the thickness of their ends. To allow for this possible thinning, the ends
of the slabs are moulded thicker, than they otherwise would be. When the
levelling process is completed, there will then be a ceiling perfectly straight in
itself, and one that is specially fitted to receive tiles and the like, because of its
keyed surface. The concrete to make the floor of the required thickness is next
put in, and if the finished floor is to be a mosaic or tile one, cement key-faced
blocks with dovetailed sides are inserted at intervals in the concrete, care being
taken that the top side of these blocks shall be flush with the face of the floor, as
left for the mosaic or tiles. Not only is a straight key-faced ceiling obtained by
this simple method, but the expense and trouble of shuttering to support the
concrete are avoided.
Walls are built of the usual kind of bricks, and a certain proportion of the
key-faced bricks made by the methods explained in my Specification No. 20,996
Nov. 2, 1894. Upon the keyed bricks are fixed cement key-faced blocks of
the ordinary thickness of cement rendering, which is half to three-quarters
of an inch, and the wall is then rendered with cement and sand flush with the face
of the blocks. These keyed blocks serve two purposes, namely, to secure the
rendering to the bricks-which they do by their sides being dovetailed-and also to
grip the tiles and the like, that the wall is afterwards covered with-this results
from the cement bedding of the tiles and the like being held by the undercut faces
of the blocks.
Walls built in the ordinary way, have the face of a certain proportion of the
headers cut off to the depth of an inch, from the general face of the wall, and
cement key-faced blocks with dovetailed sides are inserted. These blocks project
from the face of the wall, the thickness of the cement rendering as in the first case,
and the rendering is put on as before, and secured by the dovetailed sides of the
cement blocks. The term rendering as here used is otherwise expressed as
Boating.
Or in the case of a new wall the required proportion of heading spaces for cement
blocks could be provided, by shortening the requisite number of bricks, at the time
of building the wall.

page_text: These floors, ceilings, and walls are intended to be covered with tiles and other
ceramic productions having undercut surfaces, as made by the means set forth in
my Specification No. 20,996; Nov. 2, 1894.,
Improved Methods of Constructing Floors, Ceilings, and Walls,
having Undercut Surfaces, for the Secure Fixing of Tiles and
other Ceramic Productions or Plaster thereon.
I THOMAS WILLIAM JARRETT, Ceramic Fixer, of 37 Bedford Row, London, in
the County of Middlesex do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement :—
:
The principal object of this invention is stated in the title and the details are as
follows:-
When the
First as to floors and ceilings, which are thus formed. The ordinary girders and
joists having been fixed in the customary manner, there are placed on the joists,
cement slabs, formed with undercut surfaces, and with their ends moulded to the
outline of the flanges of the joists. The slabs are then carefully levelled in every
direction and secured in position. The usual irregularities in the levelness and
straightness of the joists are met by packing up the slabs, where necessary, or by
reducing the thickness of their cuds. To allow for this possible thinning, the ends
of the slabs are moulded thicker, than they otherwise would be.
levelling process is completed, there will then be a ceiling perfectly straight in itself,
and one that is specially fitted to receive tiles and the like, because of its keyed
surface. And not only is a straight keyed face ceiling obtained by this simple
method, but the expense and trouble of shuttering to support the concrete are
avoided. The concrete to make the floor of the required thickness is next put in,
and if the finished floor is to be a mosaic or tile one, cement keyed face blocks with
dovetailed sides are inserted at intervals in the concrete, care being taken that the
top side of these blocks shall be flush with the face of the floor as left for the
mosaic or tiles.
Walls are built of the usual kind of bricks, and a certain proportion of the keyed
face bricks made by the methods explained in my Specification No. 20,996
Nov. 2 1894. Upon the keyed bricks are fixed cement keyed face blocks of
the ordinary thickness of cement rendering, which is half to three-quarters of an
inch, and the wall is then rendered with cement and sand flush with the face of
the blocks. These keyed blocks serve two purposes, namely, to secure the rendering
to the bricks which they do by their sides being dovetailed-and also to grip
the tiles and the like, that the wall is afterwards covered with-this results from the
cement bedding of the tiles and the like being held by the undercut faces of the
blocks.
Walls built in the ordinary way, have the face of a certain proportion of
the headers cut off to the depth of an inch, from the general face of the wall, and
cement keyed face blocks with dovetailed sides are inserted. These blocks project
from the face of the wall, the thickness of the cement rendering as in the first case,
and the rendering is put on as before, and secured by the dovetailed sides of the
cement blocks. The term rendering as here used is otherwise expressed as floating.
Or in the case of a new wall the required proportion of heading spaces for cement
blocks could be provided, by shortening the requisite number of bricks, at the time
of building the wall. These floors, ceilings, and walls are intended to be covered

page_text: with tiles and other ceramic productions having undercut surfaces, as made by the
means set forth in my Specification, No. 20,996, Nov. 2 1894.
L
A general outline of the scheme having now been given, I proceed to describe i
detail the drawings, commencing with the sketch of the ceiling slabs shown of
Sheet 1. To the previous description of these, it may be added that the narro v
spaces, under the flanges of the joists are intended to be filled in by hand, the filling
being secured by the dovetails; and that in the case of panelled ceilings, I
introduce into these spaces, various fixings, for the additional security of the heavy
mouldings and the like employed to form the panels. I consider it desirable to
avoid the use of wood in any form in these ceilings, for several reasons, not the
least being the ever recurring possibility of dry rot. A few undercut back tiles
are shown fixed to the ceiling.
Figure 1. is divided into 3 sections-A showing the wall as built of ordinary bricks.
with the keyed face bricks, Figures 4. and 4ª used at intervals at B. these keyed
face bricks are seen covered with the dovetailed cement blocks (see Sheet 1), fixed
upon them and at C. the wall is shown rendered, flush with the face of the cement
blocks. The wall is now ready to receive the undercut back tiles and the like.
At D. the dovetailed cement blocks, shown in Figure 5. have been bedded in the
concrete floor, their keyed faces being kept flush with the floated surface as
prepared for mosaic or tiles. To give still greater security, in addition to the
dovetailed blocks, the floated surface may be roughened with a mason's drag as
shown by the dark lines.
Figure 2. is made up of 5 sections, A. being a sketch of concrete floor and keyed
face ceiling, looking up, with undercut back tiles fixed thereon. Some of the tiles
have been removed to show the dovetailed cement slabs on which the tiles are
fixed; at B. a wall built of the usual kind of bricks is shown with the face of a
certain number of headers cut off, to the depth of about an inch to receive the
dovetailed cement blocks shown in Figure 5-at C. these blocks have been fixed,
their faces projecting from the general face of the wall the average thickness of
rendering; and at D. the rendering has been put on and is flush with the face of the
cement blocks.
A. Figure 3, is an elevation of a wall constructed in one or other of the ways I
have explained, and having fixed upon it the undercut back tiles and the like, made
by the methods given in my Specification, No. 20,996, A.D. 1894. The back of
one of these tiles is illustrated in Figures 6. and 6*. At B. a piece of dovetailed
face concrete floor is represented, covered with undercut back tiles.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is :-
:-
1. The methods of constructing floors, ceilings and walls having undercut surfaces
by the use of dovetailed cement slabs and blocks and keyed face bricks as described
and illustrated for the secure fixing of tiles and other ceramic productions or plaster
thereon.
2. The dovetailed cement slabs and blocks as described and represented.
Dated this 10th d
A 1005
T. W. JARRETT.