AN IMPROVEMENT IN HEATING PARTS OF CYLINDERS AND OTHER HOLLOW BODIES' OF IRON TO A WELDING HEAT
Year: 1856

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Morgan, of 48, Gloucester Terrace, Ilyde
Park, in the County of Middlesex, for the Invention of "AN IMPROVEMENT
IN HEATING PARTS OF CYLINDERS AND OTHER HOLLOW BODIES' OF IRON TO A
WELDING HEAT."
Sealed the 27th January 1857, and dated the 20th November 1856.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Morgan at tho
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
20th November 1856.
I, WILLIAM MORGAN, of 48, Gloucester Terraco, Hyde Park, in the County
of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "AN IM-
PROVEMENT IN HEATING PARTS OF CYLINDERS AND OTHER HOLLOW BODIES OF IRON
TO A WELDING HEAT," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object an improvement in heating parts of
cylinders and other hollow bodies of iron to a welding heat; and the Invention
consists in employing flames of gas, by suitable burners, interior and exterior
of such bodies, near the localities or parts where welds or joints are to be
produced.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said William Morgan in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
20th May 1857.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
MORGAN, of 48, Gloucester Terrace, Hyde Park, in the County of Middlesex,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twentieth day of November, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-six, in the twentieth year of Iler reign,
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, tho said
William Morgan, Iler special licence that I, the said William Morgan, my
exccutors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said William
Morgan, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any timo agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during
the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise,
and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "AN IMPROVEMENT IN
HEATING PARTS OF CYLINDERS AND OTHER HOLLOW BODIES OF IRON TO A WELDING
HEAT," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, tho said William Morgan,
my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing un.ler my, or their,
or one of their hands and scals, should particularly describo and ascertain the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner tho samo was to be per-
formed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office
within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said
Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I,. the said William Morgan, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement thereof, that is to say :-
This Invention has for its object an improvement in heating parts of
cylinders and other hollow bodies of iron to a welding heat; and the Invention
consists in employing flames of gas, by suitable burners, interior and exterior
of such bodies, near the localities or parts where welds or joints are to bo
produced.
Having thus stated the nature of my said Invention, I will proceed more
fully to describo the manner of performing the same.
The cylinders or hollow bodies of iron are first made or put together in the
form of rings, or it may be coils, so that the butting surfaces of the rings or of

page_text: the coils come correctly together. And in order to insure good welds in every
part of the butting surfaces, it is desirable that they should be made true by
planing or otherwise, before bringing them together, and that the surfaces
should be kept clean. The butting surfaces which are to be welded together
may be plain, but I prefer then to bo alternately convex and concave, so that
they may fit into each other, as was described in the Specification of a former
Patent granted to me, and bearing date the 14th day of August, One thousand
eight hundred and fifty-six. The peculiarity of the present Invention consists
in the application of the heat of the flames of gas, by suitable burners, interior
and exterior of the cylinders or hollow bodies to be welded, in place of heating
such cylinders or hollow bodies in a smith's fire, or in a reverberatory furnace
heated by fire. The object of my Invention is to apply as pure a heating
flamo as may be, and to avoid the presence of dust and other impurities, which
are necessarily consequent on the employment of smiths' fires and reverberatory
furnaces, such as have heretofore been used. The parts of a cylinder or hollow
body (about to be welded) are to be held clamped together previously to
commencing to heat the parts to be welded, and the weld is to be obtained,
when at a proper heat, by pressure in the direction of the axis of the cylinder
or body to be welded, as was described in the Specification of my said former
Patent. The gas I prefer is hydrogen or carburetted hydrogen, as frco from
sulphur as possible; and I burn such gas in jets from suitable ring burners
applied inside and outside of the cylinder or body to be heated. And I believe
that such burners may be most advantageously made of refractory fire clay.
On the inside of the cylinder a burner (of somewhat less diameter than the
interior of the cylinder to be welded) is used, having numerous small orifices
for the passage of gas and air supplied to the burner by separate pipes, each
of which pipes communicate with a separate chamber or compartment within
the burner. Each of the orifices of the burner is formed in such manner,
that from the outer surface of the burner it branches into two inclined
passages, one branch opening into and communicating with the chamber in
the burner with which the gas supply pipe is connected, the other branch being
connected with the other chamber in the burner, which is supplied with the
atmospheric air, by which means each orifice of the burner will have (when in
use) a compound jet passing out therefrom; but the gas and the air coming
from each orifice of the burner will not combine till they are about to escape
together through the orifice of the burner. The heat of such compound jets
will, when ignited, be very great, as is well understood. The external burner
is constructed of a ring form, somewhat of larger diameter than the exterior
of the cylinder to be heated, and the orifices are formed on the inner surface

page_text: of such ring burner, and they are constructed similarly to those which have
been before described for burning gas. The gas and the air supplied to the
burners are to be retained at a like pressure to prevent them from mixing in
either chamber of the burner and causing explosion.
In heating the outside of a cylinder, it is desirable that there should be an
enclosure of fire brick to encloso the cylinder and the exterior burner, to
provent the escape of beat. In place of using the forms of burners abovo
described (which are intended to be employed in heating only a comparatively
short length of a cylinder or hollow body near where a weld is to be effected),
a suitable chamber, burner, or gas furnace made of or lined with fire brick
may be used, in which the whole mass of iron may be heated at one time by
burning gas therein with atmospheric air, as is well understood. In whatever
mode the heat of gas is used, provision is to be mado for introducing or
applying pressure in the direction of the axis or length of the cylinder or
hollow body, as described in my said former Specification.
I would hero stato that I make no claim to the construction of burners such
as above described suitable for burning gas, my Invention consisting in the
application of the heat of gas when welding cylinders or other hollow bodies,
as herein explained. And I would also state, that I do not confine myself to
the details herein explained, so long as the heat of gas is employed in raising
the butting surfaces of the parts of cylinders or other hollow bodies of iron to
a welding heat, in order that the same may be welded by pressure applied in
the line of the axis of such cylinders or hollow bodies.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Morgan, bavo hereunto set my
hand and scal, this Sixteenth day of May, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and fifty-seven.
Witness,
HENRY F. MORGAN,
48, Gloucester Terrace,
Hyde Park, London.
WILLIAM MORGAN. (L.s.)