Improvements in and relating to Steam Boiler and other Furnaces.
Year: 1891

page_text: Date of Application, 12th Aug., 1891-Accepted, 12th Sept., 1891
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
[Communicated from abroad by JOHN Ross, of 225, North Eleventh Street,
Bricklayer, and WILLIAM VOLKHARDT, of 914, Upland Street, Chester,
Book-keeper, both in Philadelphia, United States of America.]
Improvements in and relating to Steam Boiler and other Furnaces.
I, HENRY HARRIS LAKE, of the firm of Haseltine Lake & Co., Patent
Agents, 45 Southampton Buildings, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby
declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be
performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement :-
When the outside walls and the linings of steam boiler furnaces are built of
bricks of the usual form, laid in the ordinary way, the said walls and linings after
being in use a comparatively short period of time, crack or burst by reason of the
expansion and contraction of the boiler and of the said bricks. Furthermore the
bricks composing the lining and bridge walls are by their expanding and contracting
action forced from their places and caused to fall into the fire before they have been
burned out.
The object of my invention is to provide a remedy for these evils. It consists
chiefly in constructing such lining walls of meshing bricks, i.e. bricks provided with
mortises and dowels, the dowel of one brick engaging with the mortise in the con-
tiguous brick in the same course without interlocking when they are laid in
juxtaposition; it also consists in giving a dishing form to the lining while the body
of the wall is built with an outside rectangular face; it also consists in minor
details of construction, all as hereinafter described.
In the accompanying drawings :
Figure 1 is a sectional plan taken on the line w, w of Figure 2, showing the steam
boiler furnace walls constructed in accordance with my invention;
Figure 2 is a sectional elevation of the same on the line in Figure 1;
N
Figure 3 is a sectional front elevation of the same, the left hand part being taken
on line y y, and the right hand part on line of Figure 2;
Figures 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8 represent perspective views of the different forms of
bricks used in the construction of furnace walls;
Figure 9 is a perspective view of a wedge-shaped brick or block used in building
the arched roofs of puddling, heating, smelting and other furnaces;
Figure 10 is a perspective view of a brick or block used for facing furnace bridge
walls;
Figure 11 is a perspective view of the lower part of boiler furnace walls with the
front omitted, showing the meshing bricks in position in the lining;
Figure 12 is a side elevation of part of an arched furnace roof composed of
meshing bricks;
Similar letters of reference denote corresponding parts in the several views.
a represents a steam boiler intended to be supported in any of the usual ways
in the furnace b; c represents the side and rear walls of the furnace; d its
usual iron front which is intended to be provided with the usual iron doors
and also with the usual ledge e for supporting the brick work which in turn
supports the inverted arch employed to shut in the furnace in front. The
brick work is formed of the meshing fire bricks h and ³ (see Figures 4 and 7)
and the arch 9 resting on said brickwork is formed of the meshing fire bricks ¹
(see Figure 5). The difference between the arch and the arch usually
employed in such cases consists in the facts that the bricks composing the arch
are of the meshing form, laid so as to abut directly against the head of the
boiler and so as to leave an inch more or less of clear space between their
g

page_text: front ends and the iron front d, as shown in Figures 1 and 2. The object of
this construction is to allow the arch to be moved on its foundation brick
work by the longitudinal expansion of the boiler without injury to the rear
and front portions of the furnace walls. The bricks in arch are forced out
by the expansion of the boiler and left out on the subsequent contraction, but
the open space left is filled again by the subsequent expansion of the boiler and
this occurs at each subsequent expansion.
represents the lining of the furnace walls c. This lining is constructed of
meshing fire bricks h, h³ ³ and 4 (see Figures 1, 4, 6, 7 and 8). The dowels of the
individual bricks mesh in the respective mortises of the bricks laid adjacently to
them in the respective courses; bricks h, 1³ and being laid as stretchers and
bricks as headers, as shown in Figures 1 and 11.
It will be seen that the forms of the dowels and mortises are such that the bricks
mesh without being locked together, thus allowing the bricks to be moved
considerably in line with the meshing dowels and mortises without being able to
get out of line.
+
The lining walls are built in the concave or dishing form shown in Figure 1, and
the exterior walls are built of ordinary bricks laid as usual, the outside faces of
these walls being rectangular, as shown in Fig. 1.
I have found that these features of my invention, iz.: the meshing of the fire
bricks in the lining without interlocking and the dish in the lining, the supporting
masonry being constructed with the outside rectangular faces as above described,
together operate to keep the lining walls whole and the bricks thereof in line
in their respective courses until the bricks of the lining are completely burned out.
k Figures 2, 3, and 11 represents a course of the meshing fire bricks 2 set on edge
projecting inwardly to form a ledge to support the ordinary bricks m Figure 3
along the sides and to support one end of the tiles n Figure 2 along the rear end of
the furnace, together forming the partition between the lower or fire space and the
upper or flue space of the furnace. The bricks m are laid in contact with the
boiler, leaving clear spaces o between them and the bodies of the side walls, as
shown in Figure 3, to permit the boiler to expand laterally without occasioning
pressure against the side walls of the furnace.
It results from this construction that while bricks m are not forced against the
side walls by the boiler's expansion, they are not left behind when the boiler
contracts, but on the contrary, through their gravity continue to hold their places
in contact with the boiler.
The tiles n arc of the usual form and are laid as usual in such cases.
p Figures 1 and 2 represents the bridge wall, which is of the usual construction,
except that it is faced with the meshing fire bricks or blocks / Figure 10.
The above described methods of building lining and outside abutting walls are
further applicable in the construction of puddling, heating, smelting and other
furnaces.
The body of the meshing brick or block is wedge-shaped, it being intended for
use in the arched roofs of smelting furnaces and other furnaces requiring such roofs
as well as for arching over the "cleaning out" holes which are usually provided in
furnace walls and then bricked up with a view to their being temporarily opened
when occasions arise. Referring to Figures 9 and 12, it will be seen that the
dowels and mortises of the bricks occupy only the middle portions of the
respective bricks. I am aware that wedge shaped bricks or blocks provided with
dowels and mortises and intended for use in the construction of arches are described
in a British Patent to W. H. Mortimer, but Mortimer's bricks would not answer
my purpose for the reason that their dowels and motises extend the whole
length of the bricks; if such bricks were used where mine are intended to be
used in the construction of furnace walls, they would be drawn out of place by
the action of the heat.
The dowels and mortises of the meshing bricks or blocks require to be rectangular,
all corners being full and square as shown.

page_text: Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed as communicated to me by
my foreign correspondent, I declare that what I claim is :-
First. In a steam boiler or other furnace a dry wall lining composed of fire bricks
which are provided with rectangular dowels and corresponding mortises, the dowels
of the bricks in a course being adapted to mesh with the mortises of the adjacent
bricks in the same course respectively without interlocking, thereby permitting
movement of the bricks in line with said dowels and mortises without breaking the
alignment of the bricks, substantially as set forth.
Second. In a steam boiler or other furnace the combination of the abutting walls c
having outside rectangular faces, the dished lining; built of fire bricks which mesh
without interlocking, the partition tiles n, the bricks m laid with a clear space
between them and the adjacent portions of the furnace walls to obviate cracking of
these walls by the lateral expansion of the boiler and of the bricks in the wall,
substantially as set forth.
Third. In a steam boiler or other furnace the combination of the iron front d
provided with a ledge e, the brickwork composed of meshing fire bricks and the
inverted arch of meshing fire bricks laid with their inner ends in contact with the
boiler head, leaving a clear space between the outer ends of these bricks and
the said iron front, to prevent the rear and front walls of a steam boiler furnace
from being cracked and disintegrated by the longitudinal expansion of the boiler
and action of the heat, substantially as set forth.
Fourth. In furnace walls an arch composed of the meshing bricks or blocks h°,
substantially as set forth.
Fifth. A furnace bridge-wall, faced with the meshing bricks or blocks he,
substantially as set forth.
Dated this 12th day of August
HASELTINE, LAKE & Co.,
45, Southampton Buildings, London, W.C., Agents for the Applicant.