and other such like Article, Applicable Partly to Machines for Spinning or Twisting Yarns or Fibres.
Year: 1886

page_text: and other such like Article, Applicable Partly to Machines
for Spinning or Twisting Yarns or Fibres.
I, THOMAS UNSWORTH of the West Gorton Ironworks, West Gorton in the
County of Lancaster Machinist do hereby declare the nature of my invention
for IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR MAKING BANDING, CORD TWINE AND
OTHER SUCH LIKE ARTICLE APPLICABLE PARTLY TO MACHINES FOR SPINNING OR
TWISTING YARNS OR FIBRES to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to machines for making or laying banding, cord or other
Buch like article for which Letters Patent were granted me on the 25th day of
April 1871 and consists in improved appliances and mechanisms for the purpose
of obtaining a more regular and harder twist and a better finish of such twines
or cords.
In the machines previously made the strands are passed through a curl at the
end of the flyer leg, which causes one side of such strands to rub on the curl and
produces an unequal tension. Instead of the curl I employ a grooved pulley or
bowl which revolves on a stud fixed in the end of the flyer leg and round which
the strands are passed, whereby this unequal tension is obviated and a more
regular twist produced. I also use only one pair of drawing off and stretching
rollers at the back of the machine without a second pair of stretching rollers at the
front of the machine as hitherto employed, in consequence of which the machine
can be made much narrower and by bringing the points where the twists of the
separate strands and of the combined twine or cord take place nearer together,
a harder twist is obtained. Before twisting the strands together, I pass them
separately through a sizing apparatus which is placed in front of the back
stretching rollers on the top of the machine and consists of a size through with
a circular brush rotated by a band from the machine drum and a curved drag
board and cover. The separate strands are passed through the size in the trough
and over the brush which revolves in the opposite direction to the travel of the
strands and then over the curved drag board and under the cover, which is
movable on hinges or in slides so as to rest on the strands. The dragboard and
the cover are covered with flannel. By sizing the strands separately and passing
them over the revolving brush and the drag board and under the cover the loose
fibres are laid and smoothed down and a better finished twine is obtained, while

page_text: the subsequent operation of polishing the twine on a polishing machine is reduced
in duration. This part of my invention is also applicable to other machines for
twisting and laying twines.
From the sizing apparatus as described the strands pass to an improved guide or
topping above the front spindles. This topping consists of a bush fixed in the
topping rail which has one central perforation and three or more other perforations
according to the number of strands to be twisted together. These are arranged on
the top of the bush at equal distances round the central perforation and are drilled
in a slanting downwards direction so as to meet the central bore. The strands are
passed separately through the outer perforations and meet in the central bore, where
they are twisted together by the spindle and flyer underneath the guide and the
cord or twine thus formed is wound on a spool in the customary manner.
A core
of jute cotton wire or other suitable material can be passed through the centre hole
and the strands twisted round this core. The drag on the spool is put on in the
usual manner by a band fixed at one end to the back of the bobbin rail and
weighted at the other end, which works in a groove in the bobbin end itself or in
a disk taken round by the bobbin by means of pegs. Hitherto this dragband has
been placed in notches in the front of the bobbin rail and had to be shifted by the
attendant from time to time as the diameter of the bobbin increased in order to
regulate the drag. By my improved arrangement this drag is increased regularly
and automatically, whereby a more uniform tension and winding on is obtained.
Instead of being in the front part of the bobbin rail, the notches are made in a
separate flat bar which is held against the front of the bobbin rail by screws or
studs inserted through oblong slots in the bar so that the latter can be moved
longitudinally along the front of the bobbin rail. A nut is fixed to the bar and a
short shaft passing through a bracket fixed to the end of the bobbin rail is screwed
at the end and enters the nut on the notch bar. The outer end of this short shaft
carries a ratchet wheel fixed on it and a loose lever with a pawl. A bowl on the
opposite end of the pawl lever works in an inclined slot in a bracket attached to
the machine frame. As the bobbin rail rises and falls, the pawl lever is partially
rotated in the one or the other direction by the bowl working in the inclined slot,
the amount of rotation being determined by adjustable stops fixed in the inclined
slot, and by these means the ratchet wheel is turned by one or more teeth at each
lift of the bobbin and the short shaft rotated correspondingly, whereby the notched
bar is gradually drawn from one end of the machine towards the other by means of
the screwed end of the short shaft and the nut attached to the notched bar and
thus the weighted dragband placed in one of the notches is pulled more and more
round the groove in the bobbin or disc and the drag increased automatically in
proportion to the increase of the diameter of the wound bobbin. This part of my
invention is also applicable to other machines for spinning or twisting yarns or
fibres in which such dragbands are employed.
1 1
1000

page_text: and other such Article, Applicable Partly to Machines for
Spinning or Twisting Yarns or Fibres.
I THOMAS UNSWORTH of the West Gorton Iron Works, West Gorton in the
County of Lancaster, Machinist do hereby declare the nature of this invention, and
in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement :-
My invention relates to machines for making or laying banding, twine, cord or
other such like article for which Letters Patent were granted to me on the
25th day of April in the year 1871 and consists in improved appliances and
mechanisms for the purpose of obtaining a more regular and harder twist and a
better finish of such banding, twine or cord.
In order that my invention may be more readily ascertained and carried out,
I have hereunto appended two sheets of drawings.
Figure 1 Sheet 1 shewing a cross section of the machine and figuro 3 a plan of
one end.
Figure 3 sheet 2 a front view of one spindle and end.
Figures 4 and 5 a modified arrangement of the top bush, figure 6 being an
enlarged section and plan of the bush; figure 7 a side view and figure 8 a front
view of the drag altering motion herein after described.
Similar letters of reference denote similar parts in the different figures. Only
such parts of the machine are shewn as are required to elucidate my invention.
The yarn for forming the strands is previously wound on bobbins a a and these
are placed on spindles b b at the back of the machine. The strands are drawn off
the bobbins by the stretching rollers c c and twisted separately by the flyers d d
and laid or twisted together by the front flyer e and wound on the bobbin fin a
similar manner as in former machines.
In the machines previously made the strands are passed through curls at the
ends of the flyer legs, which causes one side of such strands to rub on the curl and
produces an unequal tension. Instead of the curl I employ a grooved pulley or
bowl d' revolving on a stud fixed in the end of the flyer leg, and round which the
strands are passed, whereby this unequal tension is obviated and a more regular
twist is obtained. I also use only one pair of drawing off and stretching rollers c c
at the back of the machine without a second pair of stretching rollers at the front
of the machine as hitherto employed, in consequence of which the machine can be
made much narrower and by bringing the points where the twists of the separate
trands and of the combined twine or cord take place nearer together, a harder
twist is obtained...
Before twisting the strands together, I pass them separately through a sizing
apparatus which is placed in front of the back stretching rollers on the top of the
machine and consists of a size trough g with a circular brush h rotated by a band
from the machine drum i, which drives the pulley h¹ on the brush shaft, and a

page_text: curved dragboard k and cover k¹. The separate strands are passed through the
size in the trough under the bar g¹ and over the brush h which revolves in the
opposite direction to the travel of the strands and then over the curved dragboard k
and under the cover k¹ which is movable on hinges as shewn or in slides so as to rest
on the strands. The dragboard k and cover k¹ are covered with flannel. By sizing
the strands separately and passing them over the revolving brush and the dragboard
and under the cover, the loose fibres are laid and smoothed down and a better
finished twine is obtained, while the subsequent operation of polishing the twine
is reduced in duration. This part of my invention is also applicable to other
machines for twisting and laying twines. From the sizing apparatus as described
above the strands pass to an improved guide or topping above the front spindles.
This topping consists of a bush 7 figures 1, 2 and 6, fixed in the topping rail ",
which has one central perforation and three or more other perforations according
to the number of strands twisted together. These are arranged on the top of the
bush at equal distances round the central perforation and are drilled in a slanting
downwards direction so as to meet the central bore as shewn on an enlarged scale
by figure 6. The strands are passed separately through the outer perforation and
meet in the central bore, where they are twisted together by the spindle and flyer
underneath the guide m and the cord or twine thus formed is wound on a spool in
the customary manner. A core of jute, cotton, wire or other suitable material can
be passed through the centre hole and the strands twisted round this core.
In the arrangement shewn on figures 1, 2 and 3 the strands are first passed
through the topping bush and the combined twine afterwards over the guide
pulley m. Figures 4 and 5 show a modification, the strands being first passed
separately over guide pulleys m¹ m¹ and afterwards through the topping bush /*
having perforations as herein before described with reference to bush .
The front flyer may be made with an eye or with a pulley as herein before
described with reference to the back flyers.
The drag on the spool is put on in the usual manner by a band fixed at one end
to the back of the bobbin rail and weighted at the other end, which works in a
groove in the bobbin end itself or in a disk taken round by the bobbin by means
of pegs. Hitherto this dragband has been placed in notches in the front of the
bobbin rail and had to be shifted by the attendant from time to time, as the
diameter of the bobbin increased, in order to regulate the drag. By my improved
arrangement this drag is increased regularly and automatically, whereby a more
uniform tension and winding on is obtained. This arrangement is shewn on
figures 7 and 8 on an enlarged scale. Instead of being in the front part of the
bobbin rail, the notches are made in a separate flat bar n which is held against
the front of the bobbin rail by screws or studs n' inserted through oblong slots in
the bar so that the latter can be moved longitudinally along the front of the bobbin
rail. A nut o is fixed to the bar and a short shaft of passing through a bracket o*
fixed to the end of the bobbin rail is screwed at the end and enters the nut on the
notch bar. The outer end of this short shaft carries a ratchet wheel p fixed on it
and a loose lever q with pawl q'. A bowl or peg on the opposite end q2 of the
pawl lever works in an inclined slot in a bracket r attached to the machine frame.
As the bobbin rail rises and falls, the pawl lever is partially rotated in the one or
the other direction by the bowl working in the inclined slot and by these means
the ratchet wheel is turned by one or more teeth at each lift of the bobbin according
to the inclination of the slot and the proportions of the arms of the lever q and the
short shaft rotated correspondingly, whereby the notched bar is gradually drawn
from one end of the machine towards the other by means of the screwed end of the
short shaft and the nut attached to the notched bar and thus the weighted drag-
band placed in one of the notches is pulled more and more round the groove in the
bobbin or disk and the drag increased automatically in proportion to the increase
of the diameter of the wound bobbin. This part of my invention is also applicable
to other machines for spinning or twisting yarns or fibres in which such dragbands
are employed.

page_text: Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is
Firstly, the general arrangement of the machine or the combination of the
different devices substantially as herein before described in one machine with or
without the sizing apparatus.
Secondly, the use of a sizing apparatus on machines for laying banding cord
twine or other cabled or doubled yarns substantially as herein before described and
illustrated by the drawings.
Thirdly, the application of the drag altering mechanism to laying, doubling or
twisting machines substantially as herein before described and illustrated by the
drawings.