Improvements in or relating to Porous Blocks for Effecting the Combustion by Absorption of Liquid Hydrocarbons and other Inflammable Liquids or Spirits.
Year: 1888

page_text: Date of Application, 16th Mar., 1888
Complete Specification Left, 31st Oct., 1888
Complete Specification Accepted, 14th Dec., 1888
Improvements in or relating to Porous Blocks for Effecting the
Combustion by Absorption of Liquid Hydrocarbons and other
Inflammable Liquids or Spirits.
I GEORGE HENRY LILLEY of 10 Southwold Terrace Southwold Road Clapton in the
County of Middlesex Inventor and Patentee do hereby declare the nature of my
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN POROUS BLOOKS FOR EFFECTING THE COMBUSTION BY
ABSORPTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBONS AND OTHER INFLAMMABLE LIQUIDS by
partially covering said masses or blocks with metal or Glass to regulate the consump-
tion of light and heat emanating therefrom on applying a light thereto.
"
1. My Invention relates to certain improvements on my Patent dated September 26th
1878 No. 3796 for the purpose of effecting the combustion of dangerous and explosive
hydrocarbons and other inflammable liquids or Spirits the manufacture of which is
therein fully and particularly described.
2. I will describe my Improvement and what I particularly claim as follows:-
It consists in covering a block or mass of any shape or form of the aforesaid porous
material with metal or Glass coverings not entirely, but partially, leaving openings,
spaces, or apertures, in such metal coverings, exposing the porous mass;-see
Drawing-PM-for the emission of light, and heat, said openings, spaces or apertures,
varying in size to suit the size of flame, required in the article to be made; either
for Lamps, Stoves, or Fire Lighters, or for any other purpose, where light or heat is
required, and for that reason;-I do not confine myself to any one particular size,
shape, or form of opening, space, or aperture, in said Metal or Glass covering; or
the size or shape of the block of porous material; they may vary, according to the
description of article, it is required to manufacture; either Lamps, Stoves, Lighters,
Flambeaux, Furnaces, &c.
3. I prefer to use my porous material, as described in my former Patent ;
No. 3976-1878 but if necessary, any other porous material, of a refractory nature,
can be used; such as Slag Wool, or Asbestos, Wool partially covered as aforesaid the
partial covering of the said material, being and comprising my claim, and not the
material itself.

page_text: 4. The covering of said porous material may be of any description of metal, such
as Sheet or Cast Iron, or brass, or copper Sheeting, or any description of metallic
covering, will answer the purpose, as a covering, or the porous material, mass or
block, may be glazed, with a thick glaze of glass, or enamel, or other vitreous
substance, by baking the mass of porous material, in the same manner, and by the
same methods, as in Pottery ware:-apertures in surface of glaze, being made of the
size required, after the process of baking, and when cooled, by grinding in a Lathe,
or by any other suitable method.
5. My claim, is not for the manufacture of the porous mass, or blocks, but for the
partial covering only of the said mass, with either Metal or Glass, or enamel, or other
vitreous material, and leaving openings or apertures therein, exposing to view the
porous mass within (see Drawings 1 to 31 marked M.C. i.e. metal covering).
6. The openings, or apertures in the metal (see Drawings 1 to 31 marked PM i.e.
porous mass) coverings, regulates the size of flame, emitted from the porous mass,
within the covering, after the mass of porous material has been saturated or charged
with Hydrocarbon Spirit, or Oil and a light applied thereto.
8. In some instances, as in the case of Lamps, or Stoves, I insert an ordinary
cotton wick in the interior of the porous mass, to assist the capillary force of the
liquid, to the apertures, but this does not apply to Fire Lighters.
9. I also claim the various shapes of the porous masses, with their metal coverings,
numbered from 1 to 31 with their apertures, as described in the Drawing, annexed to
this Specification.
Dated this Sixteenth day of March One thousand eight hundred and eighty

page_text: Improvements in or relating to Porous Blocks for Effecting the
Combustion by Absorption of Liquid Hydrocarbons and other
Inflammable Liquids or Spirits.
I GEORGE HENRY LILLEY of No. 10 Southwold Terrace, Southwold Road, Clapton
in the County of Middlesex, Inventor and Patentee do hereby declare the nature of
this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
1. My Invention relates to certain improvements on my Patent, dated 1878
No. 3796 for the purpose of effecting the safe combustion of explosive liquid hydro-
carbons and spirits.
2. It consists in covering a block or mass of any shape or form, of porous material,
of a refractory nature, with metal or glass coverings, not entirely but partially leaving
openings, spaces, or apertures, in such metal coverings; exposing at the apertures,
the porous mass within :-(see Drawing Sheet 1 filed with the Provisional Specifica-
tion and marked PM) for the emission of light and heat, said openings, spaces, or
apertures, varying in size, to suit the description and size of flame required in the
article to be made; either for Lamps, Stoves, or Fire Lighters, or for any other
purpose where light or heat or both, is required; and for that reason I do not confine
myself to any one particular size, shape, or form, of opening space, or aperture, in
said metal coverings, or the size, or shape of the block of porous material, as they may
vary according to the description of article required, as aforesaid.
3. I prefer to use my porous material, as described in Patent No. 3796 aforesaid,
but where necessary any porous material, of a refractory nature can be used: as
for instance, Slag Wool, or Asbestos Wool, partially covered as aforesaid, the
partial covering of the said refractory materials, either singly, or in conjunction
with each other, being and comprising my claim, and not the substance or composition
of such materials.
4. The covering of said porous material, may be of any description of metal, such
us Sheet, or Cast Iron, or Brass, or Copper Sheeting, or Aluminium, or other descrip-
tion of metallic covering will answer the purpose, as a covering, or the porous
material, mass or block, may be glazed with a thick glaze, or enamel or other vitreous
substance, by baking the mass of porous material, in the same manner, and by the
same methods, as in Pottery ware; apertures in surface of glaze, being made after
the process of baking, by grinding the surface or glaze, and exposing the porous
material underneath the glaze.
5. The openings or apertures, in the metal coverings, regulate the size of flame
emitted from the porous mass, within the covering, after the mass of porous
material, has been saturated, or charged with hydrocarbon spirit, or Oil, and a
light applied thereto :-(see Drawing Sheet 1 Figs. 1 to 31 PM signifying porous
mass; shewn through apertures.)
6. In some instances, in the case of Lamps, & Stoves, I insert an ordinary cotton
wick, in the interior of porous mass, to assist the capillary force of the composition,
when required but this does not apply to Fire Lighters.

page_text: 7. In describing the different forms and the purposes for which they are constructed;
I have placed them in three separate sections as follows:-
8. 1st Section relates to the construction of Lamps; of which, I herewith
give 2 examples :-see Drawings Sheet 2 filed with the complete Specification
Fig. 1 and 2.
is
1st Example Fig. 1-I construct an outer Cylinder A of metal (sheet) into this outer
Cylinder, 1 construct an inner Cylinder B, fitting close, but moveable up and down,
it can be taken out, to fill Reservoir, or trim the Candle, that being the name I give
the inner Cylinder,-In the inside of Cylinder B, I form a core of porous material a,
by preference cylindrical, covered with the metal B as aforesaid, this inner Cylinder B
open at both ends, one end forming the burner, and the other end going into the
Reservoir C the burner end is marked band the other end is marked e-In the centre
of porous core, I form a hollow channel, into which I insert, an ordinary cotton
wick d, this hollow channel runs only half way up the core shewn by dotted lines
cotton wick is marked d. At the burner end of porous core, I place a very small
quantity of Asbestos Wool e or Slag Wool e, easily inserted, or removed, with a steel
pointer, or the porous composition can be made flush with the opening of the burner;
without any Asbestos Wool, or Slag Wool, the plain core itself, burns quite as well,
with or without the wool, or other wick-At the bottom of the outer Cylinder A
I construct the Reservoir C which Reservoir, in this example forms the foot, or
pedestal of Lamp.
It will thus be seen, that between the flame of Candle, and the Reservoir, there
exists a solid block of porous matter intervening; so that practically, no flame can
reach the Reservoir of Spirit, and if upset accidentally, no spirit can escape.
The core or porous Candle, can be taken out of its covering, and purified by
burning, in a clear fire, when it becomes again as useful as when new.
2nd Example-I construct a solid block of porous material as aforesaid, marked A
Fig. 2, Sheet 2 covered with metal B, the inside of this porous block A has a
hollow channel a and contains an ordinary cotton wick, leading to burner, the
hollow channel is large enough to admit of an ordinary Cotton wick going down
from burner, 3 inches, or this hollow channel, can be filled with the aforesaid
Asbestos Wool,-the bottom part of this solid block dips into the Reservoir C.-In
this example will be seen, a solid mass of porous material intervening, between
light at burner, and Spirit in Reservoir; with this difference, that the solid part,
intervening is at the bottom of block of porous material, instead of at the top, as
in the previous example Fig. 1.
9. 2nd Section relates to the construction of Stoves, for cooking and heating
purposes, of which I give Two examples, see Sheet 3 filed with the Complete
Specification Figs. 3 and 4.
1st Example Fig. 3. This shows a flat wick, four inches in length-I form an
outer case of metal, to form a Reservoir, A, into which I make an inner case B
containing porous composition, a, this inner case, tapers at the burner end to of
an inch, but can be any length, this inner case, is moveable out of Reservoir A,
and is open at the end that goes down into Reservoir, showing & exposing porous
mass within The porous core, can be removed from its covering, if required:
any number of these burners, with their outer cases can be placed side by side, the
apertures to emit heat, being made only large enough to insure a clear flame, which
will be found to be ths of an inch.
:
Fig. 4A porous material; B metal covering extending 1 inch above porous
material, C Circular openings for air circulation.
10. 3rd Section relates to the construction of Fire Lighters sec Sheet 3 filed with
Complete Specification Figs. 5. 6. and 7.
I construct Fire Lighters in various shapes, but I prefer Figs. 5. 6. and 7.-
A shews the porous composition with metal covering B, made of Cast Iron, to resist
great heat, or they may be covered with a fire resisting pure alumina, or glazed
partially, so as to regulate the size of flame, and the length of time burning.

page_text: Having now particularly described, and ascertained the nature of my said Inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed; I declare that what I
claim is :
1. Partially covoring porous refractory blocks, (substantially as herein described)
with metal or glaze or pure Alumina.
2. Constructing Lamps for illuminating purposes, of a solid porous mass, which
forms the Reservoir, and inserting in the mass a burner of peculiar construction, as
described.
3. Making a solid porous mass, in the shape of candles, and partly covering same
with metal or glaze.
4. A solid porous block intervening between light, and Reservoir holding Spirit,
by which means safety from explosion is assured.
5. The use of Asbestos Wool or Slag Wool, as a substituto for a wick, at mouth
of burner.
Dated this Thirty first day of October One thousand eight hundred and eighty
GEO. H. LILLEY,
Applicant.