Improvements in Ventilators Applicable for Railway Carriages and other Vehicles.
Year: 1887

page_text: Date of Application, 1st Jan., 1887
Complete Left, 1st Oct., 1887
Complete Accepted, 1st Nov., 1887
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Ventilators Applicable for Railway Carriages
and other Vehicles.
I, RICHARD BRADSHAW of Daisy Bank, Swinton, Lancashire Mechanical Engineer
do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
The object of this invention is to provide a simple and effective ventilator for
railway carriages, and other conveyances, which may be placed either on the roof or
on the door of the carriage, and which will ventilate the carriage without causing a
draught therein.
It consists essentially of a ventilator in which an induced current is caused by a
current of air passing through or caused to pass through a part of the apparatus by
the movement of the carriage through the air. The secondary or induced current
being drawn from the interior of the carriage and consisting of the vitiated air
therein.
The apparatus is formed with a suitable opening at each side in the direction of the
movement of the vehicle through which a current of air is caused to pass. This
current acts upon a hinged or balanced valve or plate which opens or closes to direct
the current and control it, according as the vehicle is moving in one direction or the
other. For vehicles always moving in one direction, this valve or deflecting plate
may be made fixed, if desired. A pipe or opening connects the apparatus with the
interior of the carriage, and a perforated or louvre plate provided, by means of which
the ventilator may be closed. For attaching to the roof of the carriage, the apparatus
is made with one or more short pipes or tubes opening into the carriage, and
connected with a second short pipe or tube. This is open at the top, and where it
meets the other tube or pipe terminates in branches curving away from each other
and each gradually enlarging, forming a trumpet mouth. The mouths of the tubes
are opposite each other in the direction in which the vehicle moves, and preferably in
a vertical plane at right angles thereto. The valves are placed at the junction where
the two tubes converge, and are preferably formed of two planes of metal fixed at
right angles to each other and pivotted at their line of intersection, the two moving
together. By extending the lower pipe and turning it at right angles, this apparatus
Daine 71

page_text: may be applied to the door, but I prefer to make the apparatus to draw from the
side, so that when affixed to the door of the carriage, it will occupy less space and be
more compact. For this purpose the valves or plates are placed at the outside of the
tube and connected together by a rod or wire, so that they will move together as
before, one being shut when the other is open. The pipes with the trumpet mouths
pass through the plates, and the side of the apparatus is connected with the interior
of the carriage, a suitable perforated gauze being used.
The ventilators may be attached either to the roof or doors of the carriage or both
as required.
When the carriage is in motion, the pressure of the air closes the valve or plate of
the ventilator on one side, and opens the opposite one by reason of their being
connected together. The air enters the funnel shaped tube and passes out at the other
end or through the partially opened valve. The air thus rushing through with great
velocity creates a partial vacuum near junction of the opening into the carriage,
vitiated air in the carriage is carried up and passed out through the ventilator
together with the current passing through it. The ventilator being fitted alike on
both sides, the action is the same for either direction.
Means are provided for draining the ventilator, and also preventing the valves from
making disagreeable noise when violently closed."
100%
WM. P. THOMPSON & Co.,
Of 6, Lord Street, Liverpool,
Patent Agents for the Applicant.

page_text: Improvements in Ventilators Applicable for Railway-carriages
and other Vehicles.
I, RICHARD BRADSHAW of Daisy Bank, Swinton, Lancashire, Mechanical Engineer.
do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:
The object of this invention is to provide a simple and effective ventilator for
railway carriages, and other conveyances, which may be placed either on the roof or
on the door of the carriage, and which will ventilate the carriage without causing a
draught therein..
It consists essentially of a ventilator in which an induced current is caused by a
primary current of air passing through or caused to pass through a part of the
apparatus, by the movement of the carriage through the air. The secondary or
induced current is drawn from the interior of the carriage, and consists of the vitiated
air therein.
The ventilators may be attached either to the roof or to doors of the carriage or
both as required.
The way in which I carry out my invention may be described by reference to the
accompanying drawings in which,
Figure 1 is a sectional elevation in a plane parallel to the direction of movement of
the car.
Figure 2 an elevation in a plane at right angles to Figure 1.
Figure 3 a plan of lower end of ventilating tube.
Figure 4 a sectional elevation similar to Figure 1 of a modified form of my
apparatus.
Figures 5 and 6 are a side and front elevation respectively of my invention as
applied more especially to carriage doors.
Referring first to Figures 1 to 3, the apparatus is connected with the interior of the
carriage and is attached to the roof A thereof, by means of one or more short pipes
or tubes B. The lower end B' of each of these pipes is provided with a perforated
or louvre plate (shown in plan in Figure 3) by means of which the ventilator may
be closed. Connected with the tube or tubes B, is a second short tube or pipe C,
which is open at the top, and is protected by a guard or deflecting plate C. At the
point where the pipe C meets the pipe or pipes B, it opens out into branches I), which
curve away from each other, and are enlarged at their outer ends into trumpet
mouths D. These mouths are opposite each other facing in the direction in which
the vehicle moves, and preferably in a vertical plane at right angles thereto. Valves E
are placed at the junction where the two tubes D converge, and are preferably formed
of two planes of metal fixed at right angles to each other and pivoted at their line of
intersection as at 1, the two moving together.
The mode of action is as follows:-
The openings or mouths D¹ being at each side of the ventilator and facing in the
direction of movement of the vehicle a current of air is caused to pass through them
by the said movement. This current acts upon the hinged valve or plate E, which
opens or closes to direct the current and control it, according as the vehicle is moving
in one direction or the other. As shown by the arrows this current produces a

page_text: secondary current from the interior of the carriage up the tubes B, which, with the
primary current passes out between the top of tube Cand the deflector C¹. For
vehicles always moving in one direction, the valve or plate E may be made fixed, if
desired.
In Figure 4 a modification is shown in which the valves E are dispensed with, the
trumpet mouths D' opening direct into a short horizontal tube D communicating with
the upper extremity of the tube B. In this form of apparatus the primary current is
directed across the top of the tube B, inducing therein a secondary current from the
interior to the exterior of 'the vehicle, as shown by the arrows.
By extending the lower pipe B in either of these forms of ventilator and turning
it at right angles, the apparatus may be applied to the door of the vehicle, but I prefer
in this case to make it to draw from the side, so that when affixed to the door it will
occupy less space and be more compact. For this purpose the valves or plates E are
placed as shown (in Figures 5 and 6) at the outside of the tube or box B, and
connected together by a rod or wire e¹, so that they will move together as before,
one being shut when the other is open. The pipes D with the trumpet mouths Di
pass through the plates E, and the side of the box or tube B is connected with tho
interior of the carriage, a suitable perforated gauze b¹ being interposed.
The mode of action is as follows:-
When the carriage is in motion, the pressure of the air closes the valve or plate E
of the ventilator on one side, and opens the opposite one by reason of their being
connected together by the rod el. The air enters the funnel shaped tube D¹, passes
through the tube or box B, and through the partially opened valve E. The air thus
rushing through with great velocity creates a partial vacuum near the gauze covered
opening into the carriage, the vitiated air in the carriage being thus drawn into and
passed out through the ventilator, together with the current passing through it. The
ventilator being fitted alike on both sides, the action is the same for either direction.
Means are provided for draining the ventilator, and also as shown at e², preventing
the valves from making disagreeable noise when violently closed.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said invention,
and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I claim is :-
1. A ventilator for railway and other vehicles, having one or more eduction tubes
such as B communicating with the interior of the vehicle, and one or more trumpet-
mouthed tubes as D, D¹, opening into said tube or tubes B, and so arranged with
respect to the same, and to the direction of movement of the vehicle, that an inward
air current produced in D, D', by the said movement induces in B an outward current
of vitiated air from the vehicle, substantially as and for the purpose described.
2. In combination with the eduction tube or tubes B, and the trumpet mouthed
tubes D, D', the hinged valves I working conjointly, so that one is closed when the
other is open, substantially as and for the purpose described.
3. The induction ventilator for vehicles as a whole, constructed substantially as
shown and described with reference to figures 1, 2 and 3.
4. The induction ventilator for vehicles as a whole, constructed substantially as
shown and described with reference to Figure 4.
5. The induction ventilator for vehicles as a whole, constructed, substantially as
shown and described with reference to Figures 5 and 6.
Dated this 30th day of September 1887.
WM. P. THOMPSON & Co.,
Of 6, Lord Street, Liverpool,
Patent Agents for the Applicant.