IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR HEATING, COOKING, AND LIGHTING PURPOSES." PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION
Year: 1871

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Albert Marcius Silber, of Wood Street,
Cheapside, in the City of London, Merchant, and Frederick White,
of Camberwell, in the County of Surrey, Watchmaker, for the
Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR HEATING, COOKING, AND
LIGHTING PURPOSES."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Albert Marcius Silber
and Frederick White at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 1st December 1871.
We, ALBERT MARCIUS SILBER, of Wood Street, Cheapside, in the
City of London, Merchant, and FREDERICK WHITE, of Camberwell, in
the County of Surrey, Watchmaker, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR HEATING, Cooking, and
LIGHTING PURPOSES," to be as follows:-

page_text: Copy the apparatus purpose of eating, coo
lighting.
The apparatus contains a burner, or wick holder, or equivalent con-
trivance over which when the apparatus is used for lighting purposes
an ordinary glass or transparent, or translucent, or partially transparent
chimney is placed, and the apparatus serves as a lamp.
When the apparatus is to be applied for cooking and heating purposes
the glass or other translucent chimney is removed, and a vessel, chamber,
or receiver is placed around and over the burner, wick holder, or
equivalent. This vessel, chamber, or receiver is provided with an
internal opening, channel, or passage, which is over the flame burner or
wick holder, and it is made of metal or other material not liable to be
readily injured by heat or to become fragile, friable, or brittle under
heat. The material should be a good conductor of heat. Through this
passage the heated aeriform products of combustion of the oil, gas, or
other agent producing the flame pass, and heat is thereby conveyed or
communicated to liquid or other matter contained in the chamber, vessel,
or receiver. This chamber is provided with tap, cock, spout, lid,
сар,
stopper, or other necessary contrivance for filling it and discharging it,
and when it is filled with liquids or other matters the same will be
readily cooked or heated by the heat imparted as described.
A dish, plate, tray, platform, or other support, or a chamber or vessel,
separable, moveable, or a fixture, is placed or fitted above or upon the
first-named vessel or chamber to receive substances to be baked, fried, or
otherwise cooked or heated.
For baking and certain other heating purposes a top chamber is
employed provided with a hot-air jacket or with hot-air circulation pipes
or passages communicating with openings in the sides of the first-named
vessel or chamber.
When oil is used as the combustible agent it is often advisable to form
a flange at the lower part of the apparatus to preclude the heat from the
burner from attaining the oil holder or reservoir. This holder can form
the base of the apparatus, or it can be supported on a base, stand, feet, or
otherwise.
A conical piece or a piece shaped like a reversed truncated cone or
frustum of a cone reversed, that is to say, with the smaller end down-

page_text: ward and the base or broader end upward, is fitted at the upper part of
the heating, cooking, and lighting apparatus over the flame. This
conical piece deflects the aeriform, vapourous, and fuliginous heated
products of combustion arising from the flame so as to prevent undue
heat at the centre of the summit of the lamp or apparatus. It diffuses
or distributes heat and prevents improper concentration or accumulation
thereof over the apex or top of the flame. It also acts as a deflector of
air and as a guard or protector of the flame from down draughts and
other draughts or currents of air, counter-currents, or other like dis-
turbances. It thus serves with advantage as a chimney cowl, and it is
applicable to chimneys of railway roof lamps, and other lamps or lights,
and other chimneys; also to stoves, fire-places, furnaces, and other
apparatus for obtaining heat and light. It is useful as a protector to the
flame of lamps from the action of punkahs or other artificial means of
obtaining draught.
For some purposes it is made of wire gauze or perforated or reticulated
material, but it is usually made otherwise.
To prevent the wicks, when these are used, from falling or slipping
into the oil or combustible liquid in the holder when such oil or liquid
is employed as the combustible agent, and to preclude the wick from
igniting such oil or liquid before it reaches the proper or required point
of ignition or combustion, a guard, shield, or case is used consisting of a
tube or sheath, flattened or of other shape, but with internal space
sufficient to receive the wick and open at both ends or one end. The
wick is passed into or through it, and it is thereby protected. This guard,
shield, sheath, or tube is perforated with holes to permit the oil or other
combustible agent used to reach and feed the wick.
A number of burners or wick holders, or equivalent contrivances,
disposed as above described, may be fitted on or in a platform, tray, or
other sliding or moveable contrivance, or a fixed support or frame, and
combined in manner above set forth with one or more chambers or
vessels, which may be used as generators for containing water and
heating it for conversion into steam for motive and other purposes, or
they may contain water or other liquid or other matter to be heated for
other industrial and useful objects.
When the chamber or chambers is or are removed the apparatus may

page_text: heat and light as required.
The heating and illuminating agent employed in our apparatus may
be oil, combustible fluid, gas, wicks, or other convenient agent for
obtaining and applying or transmitting light and heat.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Albert Marcius Silber and Frederick White in the
Great Seal Patent Office on the 31st May 1872.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, ALBERT
MARCIUS SILBER, of Wood Street, Cheapside, in the City of London,
Merchant, and FREDERICK WHITE, of Camberwell, in the County of
Surrey, Watchmaker, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the First day of December, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-one, in
the thirty-fifth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and
successors, give and grant unto us, the said Albert Marcius Silber
and Frederick White, Her special licence that we, the said Albert
Marcius Silber and Frederick White, our executors, administrators, and
assigns, or such others as we, the said Albert Marcius Silber and
Frederick White, our executors, administrators, and assigns, should at
any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times
thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR HEATING, COOKING, AND LIGHTING
PURPOSES," upon the condition (amongst others) that we, the said Albert
Marcius Silber and Frederick White, our executors or administrators,
by an instrument in writing under our or their hands and seals, or under
the hand and seal of one of us or them, should particularly describe and
ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same

page_text: was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal
Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after
the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said Albert Marcius Silber and Frederick
White, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement thereof, reference being
had to the accompanying Drawings and to the letters and figures
marked thereon, that is to say:—
We construct apparatus applicable for heating, cooking, and lighting
purposes with the following improvements whereby we are enabled to
employ one apparatus for the threefold purpose of heating, cooking, and
lighting.
The apparatus contains a burner, or wick holder, or equivalent con-
trivance, over which, when the apparatus is used for lighting purposes,
an ordinary glass or transparent or partially transparent chimney is
placed, and the apparatus then serves as a lamp.
When the apparatus is to be applied for cooking and heating purposes
the transparent chimney is removed and a vessel, chamber, or receiver,
which I usually make of a tubular shape with hollow walls, is placed
around and over the burner, or wick holder, or equivalent. This vessel,
chamber, or receiver is provided with an internal passage or channel,
which is over the flame burner, or wick holder, or wick case, and is made
of metal or other material not liable to be readily injured by heat, or to
become fragile, friable, or brittle under heat. The material should be
a good conductor of heat. Through this passage or channel the heated
aeriform products of combustion of the oil, gas, or other agent producing
the flame pass, and heat is thereby conveyed or communicated to liquid
or other matter contained in the chamber, vessel, or receiver. This
chamber is provided with tap, cock, spout, lid, cap, stopper, or other
necessary contrivance for filling it and discharging its contents, and
when it is filled with liquids or with other matters, the same will be
readily cooked or heated by the heat imparted as described.
A dish, plate, tray, platform, or other support, or a chamber, or vessel,
separable, moveable, or a fixture may be placed or fitted above or upon
the first-named vessel or chamber to receive substances to be baked,
fried, or otherwise cooked or heated.

page_text: internal space sufficient to receive the wick, and open at both ends or
only at the upper end. This tube is attached at its upper end to the
lower end of the wick case in the burner so that it forms an appendage to
the burner. The wick is passed into and through it and it is thereby pro-
tected. This guard sheath or tube is perforated with holes to permit the
oil or other combustible agent used to reach and feed the wick through
the sides of the sheath.
Instead of using a single burner a number of burners or wick holders
or equivalent contrivances disposed as above described, may be fitted on
or in a platform, slide, or other sliding or moveable contrivance, or on a
fixed support or frame, and combined in manner above set forth with
one or more chambers or vessels, which may be used as generators for
containing water and heating it for conversion into steam for motive and
other purposes; or they may contain water or other liquid or other
matter to be heated for other industrial and useful objects.
When the chamber or chambers is or are removed the apparatus may
be used as before described for lighting purposes, and when oil and wicks
are used as the heating and lighting agents the elevation of the whole
series of flames, when the burners are disposed in a line or row, may be
readily and simultaneously regulated by a key which raises and depresses
the wicks, and thus controls the degree of heat and light as required.
The heating and illuminating agent which we usually employ in our
apparatus is oil or other combustible fluid, with wick or other con-
venient agent for obtaining and applying or transmitting light and heat.
We now proceed, with reference to the accompanying Drawings to
describe apparatus constructed according to our improvements.
Figure 1 is an elevation, Figure 2 a vertical section of one modifi-
cation of our improved apparatus for heating and cooking, constructed
according to our Invention. In this modification oil is used as the
illuminating and heating agent, also an annular or cylindrical wick is
used, though the apparatus may be arranged for flat wicks. A is the
lamp. It consists of an oil holder B, with a burner C, and an air
chamber D. The oil holder B is filled with oil through a feed mouth 6,
closed by a screw cap 6x, through which is cut a narrow air passage b².
The air chamber D, which is below the oil holder and forms the bottom
of the lamp, is supplied with atmospheric air through apertures d in the
shell or case of the lamp.

page_text: The burner is of the description for which I, the above-named Albert
Marcius Silber, one of the Inventors, obtained Her Majesty's Letters
Patent, bearing date 20 December 1870, and numbered 3325, that is to
say, it is a burner formed of a number of concentric tubes, as shewn in
horizontal section, Figure 3. These tubes are marked c, c*, c¹, c², c³, t
whereof c is the wick holder containing an annular or cylindrical wick
cx; c¹ is a tube supplied with air from the chamber D. Oil is fed to the
wick case c through a pipe cº leading from the oil holder B, and passing
through the air chamber c¹. c, c, are bell-mouthed concentric tubes
supplied with air from the chamber D, with which they communicate. 1
Thus the wick case c is surrounded by air on both sides, namely, outside
by the pipe c¹ and inside by the pipes c³, c³, and air is interposed
between the wick case and the oil holder, as shewn and as described in
the Specification of the Patent No. 3325 above referred to.
Although we prefer to employ this burner yet other and ordinary ]
forms of burner may be used.
e is a flange on the shell of the burner acting as a guard or shield to
prevent the heat from the burner from striking downward too strongly
on the oil holder.
When the burner is used for lighting purposes an ordinary glass 2
chimney is placed on the gallery f, the apparatus P being of course
removed. But when the burner is to be used for heating and cooking
we remove the glass chimney, and we place on the lamp a receiver,
chamber, or holder P.
In the Drawing this receiver P, shewn apart in Figure 4, is made of 2
the form of a coffee pot, with handle p¹ and spout p²; but of course the
outer form may be varied as required. p is a passage or channel open at
both ends; it is in a piece with or firmly secured to the bottom of the
vessel P. An orifice is made in the bottom of the vessel to afford
passage to the interior of the passage or channel p. When the chamber Pa
is placed on the lamp its edge rests on the gallery f, and the metal
chimney or passage p surmounts the burner surrounding the upper part
of the burner, so that the flame, hot gases, or heated aeriform products
of combustion pass up through the flue or chimney p, a portion of
the heat ascending through the top thereof and a portion radiating 3
through its sides to heat any matter or liquid contained therein. Such
matters or liquids are placed in the chamber P in the channel or pas-

page_text: sage p. P³, shewn in vertical section, Figure 5, is the cover of the
vessel P; it has a central orifice p³, so that a vessel placed at the top
of the vessel P may be heated. Such a vessel is shewn, for instance, in
Figure 6, where Q is a saucepan resting by supports 9 on a hollow
foot q. R, Figure 7, is a frying pan, which rests on bent and inclined
supports r connected with a hollow foot R2. v² is a conical piece mado
of metal or other suitable fire-resisting material; it is attached to the
foot q of the saucepan Q. v² is a truncated cone fitted on the upper
part of the vessel P.
This arrangement of cones is shewn on a larger scale in Figure 8,
Sheet 2, v¹ being the upper cone and the lower cone. In Figure 9 it
is shewn combined with a number of deflecting plates v³, ³. This
arrangement is specially adapted for sea lamps, as the plates protect the
flame from the waves. The cones may be applied with great advantage
to the railway lamps for which we obtained Letters Patent, No. 3318,
dated 19 December 1870, and to the lamps for which we obtained
Letters Patent, No. 2007, dated 31 July 1871. These cones may be
used for various purposes. They may be combined in one frame or used
separately. They are applicable for the various purposes above set
forth, and may be applied to various descriptions of lamps, burners, and
heating apparatus to prevent undue concentration of heat above the
apex of the burner, and to protect the flame from currents of air, also
to guide the smoke and vapours. The reversed cone v¹ may be used
separately or singly if desired. The cones are made usually of metal,
but they may also be made of wire gauze or perforated metal, and they
may be made loose so as to be taken on and off a lamp or other apparatus.
k is the key for raising and lowering the wick.
Figure 10 is an elevation, Figure 11 a vertical section, and Figure 12
a plan of an apparatus which we use for flat wicks to prevent their
slipping too far into the oil and igniting it. This apparatus consists
of an elongated sheath or flattened tube Y, open at both ends so that
the wick may be passed through it. y, y, are perforations to allow of
the oil or combustible liquid reaching the wick.
This apparatus is connected at its upper end to the lower end of the
wick case or wick holder of the burner. The lower end of this case Y
dips into the oil holder. The result of the employment of this con-
trivance is that the oil is vapourized in reaching the wick, and

page_text: consequently a better Hame is obtained than has hitherto been pro-
duced. Although the wick receives oil by capillary attraction from
its lower or free end, which is in the oil well, it is also fed with oil
through the apertures y.
Figure 13 is an elevation shewing a modification in which a number
of burners or wick cases with flues, or chimneys, or heat passages are
placed under a chamber or vessel in order to heat the contents thereof,
and the contents of a chamber vessel, or other article placed thereon.
Figure 14 is a vertical section of this apparatus; Figure 15 is a
horizontal section on the line x, y, of Figure 14; Figure 16 is a plan
of the apparatus without the oven or superimposed chamber.
A is the heating apparatus, which consists of a chamber supported on
feet a, a, and containing an oil holder B fed through the feed mouth b
closed by a screw cap b*. This oil vessel is surrounded by an air
chamber D supplied with atmospheric air through orifices d. The oil
holder B supplies oil through pipes to four burners C, C, C, C, one at
each angle of the apparatus; of course there may be more or less than
four burners. The burners may be disposed in any convenient position in
the chamber or vessel P so as to communicate the heat thereto. The
burners shewn in the Drawing are of the same arrangement as the burners
shewn in Figures 2, 3, that is to say, concentric tube burners. Similar
parts to those in that Figure are marked with similar letters. d³, d³, are air
chambers surrounding the burners and fed with atmospheric air through
holes d' in the shell of the apparatus. Orifices are shewn for the passage
of the air. Over each burner C is a passage or channel p surmounting and
surrounding the flame and conducting the hot aeriform products of
combustion upwards, while a portion of the heat is also transmitted
through the sides of the chimneys or flues p to the contents of the
interior of the chamber P. The arrangement shewn in these Figures is
in effect the same arrangement as that shewn in Figures 1, 2, except
that the burners are multiplied. By supplying the chamber P with
water a great amount of heat may be generated therein and it may be
applied to the generation of steam for motive purposes and for various
other uses. The chamber P may be covered by hot plates or perforated
plates, or other appliances for heating and cooking purposes. Pipes may
convey the heat and the steam generated thereby to any required place or
apparatus. The whole or part of the top of the apparatus may be

page_text: prematurely igniting the oil or other combustible liquid therein, and for
effecting vaporization of such oil or liquid in order to regulate and
promote combustion, substantially as described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Albert Marcius Silber, for myself and
on behalf of the said Frederick White, have hereunto set my 5
hand and seal, this Twenty-eighth day of May, in the year One
thousand eight hundred and seventy-two.
Witness,
E. DE PASS,
68, Fleet Street,
London, E.C.
A. M. SILBER. (L.8.)