AN IMPROVED PROCESS AND APPARATUS FOR TREATING VEGETABLE SUBSTANCES FOR THE EXTRACTION OF FATTY PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION
Year: 1875

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Alexander Manbré, of Baker Street, Portman
Square, in the County of Middlesex, Brewer and Sugar Manu-
facturer, for the Invention of "AN IMPROVED PROCESS AND APPARATUS
FOR TREATING VEGETABLE SUBSTANCES FOR THE EXTRACTION OF FATTY
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Alexander Manbré at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 17th February 1875.
I, ALEXANDER MANBRÉ, of Baker Street, Portman Square; in the
County of Middlesex, Brewer and Sugar Manufacturer, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED PROCESS AND
APPARATUS FOR TREATING VEGETABLE SUBSTANCES FOR THE EXTRACTION OF FATTY
MATTER, AND FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF SPIRITS AND FERMENTED LIQUIDS," to
be as follows:-
-:
Mr imnunun munAANS

page_text: fruits, cereals, seeds, nuts, roots, and other vegetable substances con-
taining fatty, starchy, or saccharine matters, thereby freeing the starchy
and saccharine matters from the fatty matter, and rendering them more
suitable for the production of purer and better flavoured spirit and wine,
beer, and other fermented beverages.
Spirit has hitherto been produced by subjecting fruits, cereals, seeds,
nuts, roots, and other vegetable substances containing fatty, starchy,
and saccharine matters to the well-known processes of soaking, ger-
minating, drying, squeezing, grinding, brewing, macerating, converting,
fermenting, and distilling off the spirit without previously extracting
or separating the fatty matter contained in such substances. Spirit
thus produced is contaminated with so large a quantity of the fatty
matter (known in the trade as fusil oil) as to render it unfit for
immediate consumption, thus requiring to be purified by means of
rectification which greatly increases its cost of production."
Wine, beer, vinegar, and other fermented beverages are likewise
produced without previously extracting the fatty matter the substances
used in their manufacture contain, and for this reason the said beverages
are produced only from the use of a few selected substances nearly free
from fatty matter, such as grapes and barley malt. Several attempts
have however been made to extract the oil from certain substances,
such as maize and chesnuts; but the processes used for that purpose
are so long, tedious, and defective, and require so much labour, time,
and costly plant and machinery, and consequently such a large capital
as to render them if not impracticable yet unprofitable in a commercial
point of view.
By my Invention I simplify the process to such an extent as to
dispense with a great portion of the plant and machinery, and with the
numerous manipulations of treating and preparing the raw material
previously to its being operated upon, thereby materially reducing the
cost of plant and machinery, as well as of production.
My improved process consists in simply squeezing and grinding in
water fruits, cereals, seeds, nuts, roots, vegetables, and other substances
containing fatty, starchy, or saccharine matters, and in subjecting the
mixture thus obtained acidulated with sulphuric or other suitable acid

page_text: to the action of heat in an apparatus which I call a converter. This
apparatus is constructed as described in the Specification of former
Letters Patent granted to me May 28th, A.D. 1870, No. 1562, with the
addition of a still. This mixture is treated in this apparatus until
the whole of the fatty matter contained in the substances operated
upon is vaporized, when it is distilled off from the mixture by means
of the still; I thereby obtain in one operation a fatty product ready
for the market, whilst the starchy matter contained in the said mixture,
and which has been freed from the fatty matter, has by the same action
of heat been converted into a solution of fermentable saccharine matter,
which is then cooled and fermented, and the spirit produced is distilled
off by means of a combined still and rectifying apparatus. I thus
obtain likewise in one operation a pure spirit free from fatty matter and
ready for the market.
If it is intended to make wines, beer, vinegar, and other fermented
beverages, the solution of fermentable saccharine matter is treated as
0
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Alexander Manbré in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 17th August 1875.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, ALEXANDER
MANBRÉ, of Baker Street, Portman Square, in the County of Middlesex,
Brewer and Sugar Manufacturer, send greeting.
'
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Seventeenth day of February, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-five, in the
thirty-eighth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and suc-
cessors, give and grant unto me, the said Alexander Manbré, Her special
licence that I, the said Alexander Manbré, my executors, admini-
strators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Alexander Manbré,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with,

page_text: THE 5
and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the
term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise,
and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland,
the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "AN IMPROVED
PROCESS AND APPARATUS FOR TREATING VEGETABLE SUBSTANCES FOR
EXTRACTION OF FATTY MATTER, AND FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF SPIRITS AND
FERMENTED LIQUIDS," upon the condition (amongst others): that I, the
said Alexander Manbré, my executors or administrators, by an instru-
ment in writing under-my, or their, or one of their hands and seals,
should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said In- 1
vention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and
cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Alexander Manbré, do hereby ]
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in
and by the following statement, reference being had to the accompanying
Drawing forming a part of this Specification:-
My improved process is for extracting the fatty matter contained in
fruits, cereals, seeds, nuts, roots, and other vegetable substances con-
taining fatty, starchy, and saccharine matters, thereby freeing the
starchy and saccharine matters from the fatty matter, and rendering
them more suitable for the production of purer and better flavoured
spirit and wine, vinegar, cyder, and perry.
Spirit has hitherto been produced by subjecting fruits, cereals, seeds,
nuts, roots, and other vegetable substances containing, fatty, starchy,
or saccharine matters to the well-known processes of soaking, ger-
minating, drying, squeezing, disintegrating, grinding, brewing, mace-
rating, converting, fermenting, and distilling off the spirit without
previously extracting or separating the fatty matter contained in such
substances. Spirit thus produced is contaminated with so large a
quantity of the fatty matter (known in the trade as fusil oil) as
to render it unfit for immediate consumption, and requires to be
purified by means of rectification, which greatly increases its cost of
production.
'

page_text: solution of fermentable saccharine matter is treated as usual in the
well-known manner of making wine, vinegar, cyder, and perry.
In practising my said Invention I proceed as follows:-First, I take
maize, bigg, rice, wheat, barley, rye, oats, millet, or other grain or sced
containing fatty and starchy matter in its normal state, that is to say,
as it is sold in the market, cither sound or damaged by sea water or
otherwise, as the case may be, and subject it to a disintegrating or other
similar apparatus to be reduced to a coarse meal; or I subject chesnuts
or other congenerous and analogous nuts to a decorticating apparatus
to remove their skins. The skinned chesnuts are then gradually passed
through disintegrating or other similar apparatus to be reduced to a
coarse pulpy meal. I treat the ground nut, or amendoun root, or
Jerusalem artichoke, sweet and other potatoes, and mandioca plant,
and the like by subjecting the same to a disintegrating apparatus to be
reduced to a coarse pulpy meal. I remove the shell of cocoa nuts and
the like in the usual way, and then subject the kernel to the dis-
integrator to be reduced to a coarse pulpy meal. The coarse and pulpy
meal thus obtained is then conveyed into a grinding mill with water
in such a proportion as to obtain a density of from one thousand and
twenty to one thousand and seventy Baumé specific gravity, and in
proportion as the material is ground in water the mixture is conveyed
into a wooden vessel called a receiver, in which it is kept in motion by
means of stirrers to prevent the settling of the starchy matter at the
bottom of the vessel pending its subjection to the action of heat, as
herein-after described.
I take, say, 1000 gallons of any mixture obtained from any of the
grain, seed, nuts, roots, plants, or other vegetable substance, as above
stated, or one ton avoirdupois weight of dry sago flour, mandioca flour,
arrowroot flour, tapioca flour, potatoe flour, or any flour or starch as
sold in the market diluted in such a proportion of water as to obtain
a density of from 1020 to 1070 specific gravity, and I then add to the
said mixture two gallons of sulphuric acid of a specific gravity of
66° Baumé (about 36 lbs. in weight) and well incorporate the same
with the mixture by the stirrer. I then introduce, by means of a forco

page_text: converter, whilst high-pressure steam is at the same time introduced
into the converter from the bottom in an ascending direction towards
the top by means of a perforated worm pipe, so that the steam, which
is introduced from the bottom of the converter, meets the fatty and
starchy mixture, which is introduced from the top, divides it into
numberless particles, at the same time coagulating the albuminous
and nitrogenous matters it contains, converting the starchy matter
into saccharine solution, and vapourizing or passing off into fumes the
empyreumatic oil and fatty matters which are distilled off and collected
by means of the still and condenser.
When the whole of the mixture is introduced into the converter I
continue to blow in steam to raise the temperature in the mixture
until the whole of the empyreumatic oil and fatty matters are vapourized,
distilled off, and collected. The vapourization takes place at different
temperatures, varying from 200 to 320 Fahrenheit, according to the
nature of the substance used. Hence, by raising the temperature in
the mixture to the higher degree of 325° Fahrenheit I not only am
readily able to vapourize the said empyreumatic oil and fatty matters
which are distilled off and collected into one or more receivers, as may
be required, but also to obtain the whole of the starchy matter converted
into fermentable saccharine solution. I then draw the saccharine
solution into a flat wooden vessel called a cooler provided with a
stirrer for the purpose of being cooled down to 150° Fahrenheit, or
thereabouts, the stirrer being kept in motion the whole time; it is
then conveyed into another wooden vessel called a neutralizer, also
provided with a stirrer for the purpose of neutralizing the acid, which
neutralization I effect by means of solution of carbonate of lime, using
40 lbs. of carbonate of lime for every 36 lbs. of acid. I then pass the
neutralized saccharine solution through convenient filters for the purpose
of separating or eliminating the sediments; the clear solution is then
cooled down from 60 to 70° Fahrenheit, and subjected to fermentation,
and the spirit produced therefrom is distilled off and collected as
usual

page_text: pear juice for making perry, to malt wort for making vinegar, subjecting
the same to fermentation in the usual manner.
I may use any suitable apparatus in practising my Invention,- but
I prefer to use the combined converter and still shewn in the Drawing.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING.
Figure 1 is a side elevation of the said apparatus; Figure 2 is a plan
or top view of the same; Figure 3 is a vertical section on the line
X, X, Figure 2. Like letters indicate the same parts throughout the
Drawing.
This combined converter and still is constructed with a body a of
cast iron or other suitable metal, preferably of the shape shewn, or
substantially so, and capable of resisting a pressure of 150 lbs. per
square inch; it is lined internally with a non-corrosive metal; 6 is the
pipe through which the material to be treated is introduced into the
converter. The said pipe has a cock 6'; c is the perforated pipe through
which the steam is admitted into the converter at c³, the said pipe
being fitted with a cock at c; d is the distilling pipe provided with
a suitable cock at d leading to the condenser (not shewn in the
Drawing); e is a cock through which the steam is allowed to escape
when the process of distillation is finished; ff, are pipes provided with
safety valves to prevent excessive pressure within the converter; 9 is a
man-hole; h is the discharge cock or valve for emptying the converter;
o, the thermometer; p is the steam gauge.
Having thus fully described my said Invention, and the manner of
performing the same, I wish it understood that I claim,―
First. The removal of fatty matter from maize and other cereals and
vegetable substances by distillation.
Second. The treatment of grain, seed, nuts, roots, and other vegetable
substances containing fatty and starchy matters by distilling off and
collecting the fatty matter and converting the starchy matter into
saccharine matter in one operation by the process above described.
Third. The production of saccharine matter entirely free from fatty
matter for the purposes specified.

page_text: Fourth. The apparatus shewn in the Drawing serving as a converter
and still, as herein specified and operating as set forth.
In witness whereof, I, the said Alexander Manbré, have here-
unto set my hand and seal, this Fourteenth day of August, in
the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-
five
Witness,
HY. JA. NOONE.
ALEXANDER MANBRÉ. (L.S.)