IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF MANURE
Year: 1859

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to George Long and James Archer, both of Landport,
in the County of Hants, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF MANURE."
Sealed the 20th March 1860, and dated the 5th October, 1859.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said George Long and James
Archer at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition,
on the 5th October 1859.
We, GEORGE LONG and JAMES ARCHER, both of Landport, in the County of
Hants, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE MANUFACTURE OF MANURE," to be as follows:--
This Invention has for its object improvements in the manufacture of
manure, for these purposes bone liquor (obtained by boiling bones, which after
the fat has been removed, has for the most part been a waste product) is
thrown on to and mixed with fine ashes to which is added night soil, and the
whole are intimately mixed and then dried on hot plates heated by steam or
by other convenient means. This compound is sifted and mixed with dried
blood, bone dust, and soot, the blood for such purpose being first boiled, then

page_text: pressed to have the water separated therefrom, then dried on hot plates heated
by steam or by other convenient means, and afterwards sifted and mixed with
the other matters as above mentioned.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said George Long and James Archer in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 5th April 1860.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, GEORGE
LONG and JAMES ARCHER, both of Landport, in the County of Hants, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Fifth day of October, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and fifty-nine, in the twenty-third year of Her reign,
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto us, the said
George Long and James Archer, Her special licence that we, the said George
Long and James Archer, our executors, administrators, and assigns, or such
others as we, the said George Long and James Archer, our executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others,
from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein
expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within
the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and
Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF
MANURE," upon the condition (amongst others) that we, the said George
Long and James Archer, our executors or administrators, by an instrument in
writing under our or their hands and seals, or under the hand and seal of
one of us or them, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the
said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and
cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said George Long and James Archer, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement thereof, that is to say:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in the manufacture of
manure, for these purposes bone liquor (obtained by boiling bones, which, after
the fat has been removed, has for the most part been a waste product, is

page_text: thrown on to and mixed with fine ashes, to which is added night soil, and the
whole are intimately mixed and then dried on hot plates heated by steam or
by other convenient means. This compound is sifted and mixed with dried
blood, bone dust, and soot, the blood for such purpose being first boiled, then
pressed to have the water separated therefrom, then dried on hot plates heated
by steam or by other convenient means, and afterwards sifted and mixed with
the other matters as above mentioned.
Having thus stated the nature of our Invention, we will proceed more fully
to describe the manner of performing the same.
The night soil, with or without additions of urine, according as the same
can be obtained cheap, is thrown on the ground surrounded on all sides by
ashes, together with bone liquor in any quantity. The water from the night
soil and from the bone liquor is allowed to filter away through and amongst
the coal ashes, and when the whole is comparatively free from water the ashes
are shovelled on to and mixed with the night soil and the matters retained
from the bone liquor, so that the whole may be thoroughly mixed. The night
soil and other matters having been thus drained and mixed are placed on
heated metal plates or other heated surfaces heated from below by fires or
otherwise, and kept thereon till the mass when moved will not retain its
plasticity, but will break up though still retaining moisture. The mass is
then shovelled off from the hot plates or surfaces into a heap and allowed to
stand, by which the mass will dry and come into a condition suitable for being
sieved, when it is to be sifted through a suitably fine sieve. The blood used
is also to be dried on hot surfaces, preferring iron plates heated by steam, and
it is also sifted when dry through a fine sieve of a size of mesh depending on
the fineness of powder desired to be obtained, and generally such a sieve
as the coal ashes used in the process as above explained will pass through.
The bone dust used we prefer also to be such as will pass through a like
sieve, so that all the matters employed in composing a manure may be of a
like fineness, but this is not absolutely necessary. The matters above de-
scribed may be combined in varying proportions, but generally we combine
them in about the following proportions:-One and a half cwt. of dried blood;
two and a half cwt. of bone dust; sixteen cwt. of night soil and matters dried
therewith, to which soot may be added if desired. These, in the powdered
state, are mixed intimately together to form a manure. We would state that
night soil, blood, and bone dust, have each before been used in preparing
manures but under different states of preparation and combination, we do not
therefore claim the use of either of those materials separately, but what we

page_text: claim is the combination of blood, bone liquor, night soil, and bone dust, pre-
pared as herein described, whether soot or other matters be used therewith or
not.
In witness whereof, we, the said George Long and James Archer, have
hereunto set our hands and seals, this Second day of April, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty.