Improvements in Injectors.
Year: 1889

page_text: Date of Application, 30th Jan., 1889
Complete Specification Left, 2nd Dec., 1889--Accepted, 30th Jan., 1890
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Injectors.
We, HARRY HOLDEN and ROBERT GRUNDY BROOKE, both of St. Simons Street,
Salford, in the County of Lancaster, Engineers, do hereby declare the nature of this
invention to be as follows:-
Our invention has for object improvements in injectors and has reference more
particularly to means for automatically closing the overflow openings which are
provided for the free escape at times of a portion or the whole of the jet; also to
means for automatically closing other openings, which we call relief openings; also to
improvements in low pressureor exhauststeam injectors and in combined lowpressure
or exhaust steam and live steam injectors, and in supplementary injectors.
It is well known that all injectors require some relief for the steam or for the
combined jet of steam and water at starting and that the greater this relief the greater
the certainty and rapidity with which they start. This relief may be provided either
by openings in the combining nozzle called supplementary overflows or by the
opening between the combining and delivery nozzles known as the "ordinary over-
flow" or by an opening or openings at some point beyond the discharge or delivery
nozzle. Overflows are always placed in or at the end of the combining nozzle in
distinction to relief openings which are in or beyond the delivery nozzle and which
have different functions from overflow openings. We shall hereafter consider and
speak of the ordinary overflow as being in the combining nozzle.
"
A relief enables an injector to start under circumstances where simple over-
flows would not, because under certain conditions unfavorable to the action of the
injector its action would be so uncertain that if the jet were laterally broken (as it
would be if it had to escape by means of overflows) instead of shooting straight
through the nozzles and out at a relief-it could not re-form and concentrate against
the pressure. With a relief valve it never breaks its form and has only to gradually
increase its velocity. Therefore it may be that an injector will work with a relief
valve where it could never work with an overflow. But it does not follow that an
injector with a
relief would work without an overflow. An overflow will enable
a jet to free itself of air and surplus water as is at times essential, where a relief would
be quite useless for the purpose.
After an injector has got to work it is requisite to close some or all of these over-
flows and relief openings according to circumstances.
It is an object of our invention to provide for the automatic closing of such of the
overflow and relief openings as it may be requisite or desirable to close in a much
simpler and in a more efficient manner than hitherto.
The invention is hereinafter more particularly described as relating to the form of
injectors known as supplementary injectors but certain of our arrangements are
applicable to injectors which obtain their feed water from other sources than an
exhaust injector.
For the sake of clearance we shall hereafter speak of a valve controlling a passage
for the escape of water after passing the delivery nozzle of an injector as a reliefvalve
and of gaps or passages in the combining nozzle as overflows.
When our invention is applied to a supplementary injector used in connection with
an exhaust steam injector one arrangement is as follows: At a convenient point on
the discharge side of the delivery nozzle of the supplementary injector, a passage is
provided through which. when open, water can escape after passing through the
delivery nozzle. This passage is controlled by a valve which when on its seat closes
the passage and prevents the exit of water. Normally this valve is held off its seat
by a spring so that when the injector is started the jet issuing through the delivery

page_text: cone finds an open passage for its free exit. The valve and spring are so arranged
that as the injector gets fully to work and the jet accordingly acquires a greater
velocity.the pressure due to this increasing velocity acts upon the relief valve in such
a manner as to force it down on to its seat in opposition to the spring. Thus the
relief opening is automatically shut. The moment this pressure ceases to be strong
enough to overcome the spring as it will do should the injector discontinue to work
properly, the spring forces the valve open and maintains it so until shut by the
re-formed jet. In all cases when relief openings are provided the injector may also
have an overflow opening or openings in the combining nozzle or not as desirable.
In a modified arrangement the relief valve is kept normally open by the direct
pressure of the live steam used to work the (supplementary) injector acting upon a
piston or diaphragm in connection with the said valve. The area of the piston or
diaphragm in relation to that of the relief valve is such that it resists the pressure
generated by the delivery jet up to a certain desired point after which the increasing
pressure of the jet is sufficient to close the valve against the pressure of the live steam
acting on the said piston or diaphragm. In another modification water which is being
forced by an exhaust injector into a supplementary injector is employed to act upon a
piston or diaphragm in connection with a relief valve in the manner above described,
the water, before it enters the combining cone, performing the same function as that
of the live steam.
Both arrangements may be applied to injectors with overflow openings or not.
It is well known, as described in our Specification No. 2177 of 1887, that in
injectors, such as supplementary injectors, in which the combined jet of steam and
water is of a temperature above boiling point, the exit of the overflow gap (if such
there be) must be closed by means sufficient to overcome the tendency of the jet to
burst into steam due to its high temperature, otherwise the overflow will not be dry
when the injector is working.
Therefore, in injectors which have to work under such conditions we employ.
according to our invention, arrangements such that in addition to closing the relief
valve the ordinary overflow is at the same time closed. One means of doing this is
to connect the relief valve with its spring or piston or diaphragm, with a valve
controlling the overflow opening. This valve may be of any convenient form, such
as a piston valve or disc or clack valve. The connection between the relief valve and
overflow valve may be rigid, or elastic or by simple contact. Further each valve
may have its own spring or piston or diaphragm and these may work in opposition
to or in conjunction with each other.
When a piston valve is employed one arrangement is as follows: -The relief valve
is connected with the spring, piston or diaphragm as the case may be, by a spindle
sliding in and fitting a hole bored to receive it. The hole in which this spindle fits
crosses the outlet for the overflow through the body of the injector in such a manner
that when the spindle fills the hole it at the same time closes the overflow outlet, but
should the spindle not fill the hole any water from the overflow can pass round it and
so freely away. At a certain point the spindle is reduced in diameter or
down" so that when the portion so reduced is opposite the point where the overflow
outlet crosses the hole in which the spindle fits. the overflow will have a free outlet.
This point on the spindle is arranged so that when the relief valve is open the overflow
outlet is open and so that when the relief valve is shut-i.e. when the injector is
working the overflow outlet is also shut.
necked
In all cases, the passages from the relief valve and the overflow valve can be made
common even though the relief valve and overflow valve (where there is one) are
actuated independently.
In some cases in which we actuate the relief valve, either in combination with
an overflow valve or not, with live steam we cause the pressure to act not only for
the purpose of opening the relief valve but also to assist the pressure of the jet in
closing the valve.
In such an arrangement the steam presses on the valve in both directions, the areas
being so arranged that the valve is forced open when the injector is not at work.

page_text: When the injector is working the pressure of the jet added to that of the steam acting
in its direction causes the valve to close. If an overflow valve is in combination with
the arrangement it closes at the same time.
In place of steam, springs of different strengths can be used in the combined
arrangement as above. As it is difficult to make two valves rigidly connected shut
quite tightly at the same time it is advantageous to arrange that one valve is moved
by the other but not rigidly connected with it. When both valves are shut we arrange
so that there is a slight space or "play" between them or the parts which communicate
movement from one to the other. This play is less than the total movement of that
valve which forces open the other, which latter consequently opens less than the first
valve by the distance of this space or "play." The consequence is that when the
movement is reversed and the valves close, cach valve seats itself quite independently
of the other.
In place of using an independent valve to close the ordinary overflow we sometimes
cause the delivery cone to slide and close against the end of the combining nozzle so
as to make a joint and prevent any outlet in a somewhat similar manner to that in
which a joint is made between a stationary and sliding part of a combining cone
according to the Specification of Brook & Whites Patent No. 4430 of 1883.
To assist the delivery nozzle to go back and re-open the overflow gap when the
injector is not working properly, or is stopped, we employ a spring arranged so as to
force the delivery cone away from the combining cone. When the injector is at work
the pressure in the delivery chamber acts upon the end of the delivery cone as on a
piston causing it to overcome the resistance of the spring and to slide towards the
combining cone until its seats against it and so closes the overflow. We sometimes
make that end of the delivery cone nearest to the combining cone enlarged so as to
present a large area to the water that rushes out at the overflow when the injector is
starting or when it has temporarily thrown off. This pressure acting on the enlarged
end of the delivery cone tends to force it away and may be employed in addition to
or instead of the spring above named.
Relief valves and openings may be used in conjunction with the above arrangements.
In one arrangement where a sliding discharge cone is employed we arrange relief
openings the water from which is caused to join with the water from the overflow
in discharging against the enlarged end of the delivery cone and in keeping it back
and the overflow gap open longer so that a higher degree of velocity has to be acquired
by the jet before it can close the gap. This is an advantage to the starting and
working of the injector. In employing sliding nozzles it is difficult to make them
slide freely and at the same time prevent the delivery water from leaking past.
In one arrangement we therefore make that end of the discharging cone next to
the combining cone to form a circular ring or valve and arrange it so that when the
discharge cone is finally pushed up by the delivery pressure and this circular valve is
on its seat, the overflow outlets are inside this circular valve and the delivery water
is thus prevented from escaping. This enables the piston to be made very loose as
whatever leakage takes place past it is only momentarily at starting and escapes with
the other overflow. The discharge cone when so made may also be arranged to shut
off the ordinary overflow at the same time by an inner valve ring. In this case the
overflow outlets are somewhere between these two concentric valve rings.
In another arrangement the sliding nozzle which may or may not be arranged
to close the ordinary overflow, has connected to it a relief valve for controlling the
relief opening.
At a certain point in the centre of the combined jet in the combining cone of an
injector there exists a very powerful vacuum which we have found may be utilized,
and one part of our invention consists in employing the vacuum so existing in exhaust
steam injectors to cause the combined jet to condense more exhaust steam (without
the assistance of live steam) than has hitherto been possible and so produce a hotter
jet than has previously been produced by exhaust steam alone and also a jet that will
force against higher boiler pressures. We further utilize the aforesaid vacuum for

page_text: causing the automatic admission of live or high pressure steam into supplementary
injectors worked in connection with exhaust steam injectors.
In an arrangement according to this part of our invention we fix a hollow spindle
central axially with the steam nozzle and combining nozzle of an exhaust steam
injector. One end of this spindle protrudes through the steam nozzle and into the
combining nozzle as far as the point where the vacuum exists as best suited to our
purpose. This end of the spindle is made sufliciently small not to interfere with the
action of the surrounding jet and yet of sufficient area in the hole to permit the
entrance of the desired quantity of exhaust steam. The spindle extends in the opposite
direction through the steam nozzle into the steam supply pipe and may advantageously
be made with an increasing area asit proceeds upward so as to better catch the steam.
When the injector gets to work in the usual way the previously mentioned vacuum
is set up and causes a rush of additional exhaust steam down the hollow spindle and
this adds additional heat and force to the jet. A similar result has been obtained by
forcing an additional supply of exhaust steam down a central spindle on nozzle by
means of a jet of live steam but this arrangement is objectionable and not economical
and prevents an injector so arranged from being an exhaust injector pure and simple
and so detracts from its commercial value.
In an arrangement for causing the automatic admission of steam into a supple-
mentary injector working in connection with an exhaust injector. we use a hollow
spindle similarly placed with regard to the combining nozzle and steam nozzle as in
the previously described arrangement but with the exception that the end opposite to
that in the combining nozzle is tightly connected with a passage so that when the
injector is at work a vacuum is produced throughout the spindle and passage. This
passage is arranged in connection with a piston diaphragm or other contrivance in
such a manner as to cause the opening of a valve or cock when the exhaust injector
is at work and the said vacuum produced. The valve or cock thereby opened may
be arranged to admit live or high pressure steam into a supplementary injector or into
a central live steam spindle as described in connectionwith Fig. 13 of our bereinbefore
mentioned specification No. 2177 of 1887, the live steam in both cases being admitted
automatically when the exhaust injector has got to work.
In some cases we employ the vacuum produced in this spindle and passage to
operate a relief or an overflowvalve or valves on either the exhaust injector itself oron
a supplementary injector working in connection therewith. We may also sometimes
provide a similar vacuum spindle in the supplementary injector itself to be employed
for automatically actuating relief or overflow valve or valves.
By putting the hollow exhaust spindle outside and around a vacuum spindle both
may be used in combination for the various purposes named.
tonil
T
1000
W. LLOYD WISE,
46, Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, W.C., Agent for the Applicants.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Injectors.
We, HARRY HOLDEN and ROBERT GRUNDY BROOKE, both of St. Simons Street,
Salford, in the County of Lancaster, Engineers, do hereby declare the nature of this
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described
and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
Our invention has for object improvements in injectors and has reference more
particularlyto means for automaticallyclosing the overflowing openings which are pro-
vided for the free escape at times of a portion or the whole of the jet; also to means
for automatically closing other openings, which we call relief openings: also to
improvements in low pressure or exhaust steam injectors and in combined low
pressure or exhaust and live steam injectors and in supplementary injectors.

page_text: It is well known that all injectors require some relief for the steam, or for the com-
bined jet of steam and water at starting, and that the greater this relief the greater the
certainty and rapidity with which they start. This relief may be provided either by
openings in the combining nozzle called supplementary overflows or by the opening
between the combining and delivery nozzle known as the " ordinary overflow,"
or by an opening or openings at some point beyond the discharge or delivery
nozzle. Overflows are always placed in or at the end of the combining nozzle in
distinction to relief openings which are in or beyond the delivery nozzle and which
have different functions from overflow openings. We shall hereafter consider and
speak of the ordinary overflow as being in or at the end of the combining nozzle.
A "relief enables an ejector to start under circumstances where simple overflows
would not, because under certain conditions unfavourable to the action of the injector,
its action would be so uncertain that if the jet were laterally broken (as it would be if
it had to escape by means of an overflow) instead of shooting straight through the
nozzles and out at a relief, it could not re-form and concentrate against the pressure.
With a relief valve it never breaks its form and has only to gradually increase its
velocity. Therefore it may be that an injector will work with a relief valve where it
could never work with an overflow. But it does not follow that an injector with a
"relief" would work without an overflow. An overflow will enable a jet to free itself
of air and surplus water as is at times essential, where a relief would be quite useless
for the purpose.
After an injector has got to work it is requisite to close some or all of these
overflows and relief openings according to circumstances.
It is an object of our invention to provide for the automatic closing of such of
the overflow and relief openings as it may be requisite or desirable to close in a
much simpler and in a more efficient manner than hitherto.
The invention is hereinafter more particularly described as relating to the form
of injectors known as supplementary injectors, but certain of our arrangements are
applicable to injectors which obtain their feed water from other sources than an
exhaust injector.
For the sake of clearness we shall hereafter speak of a valve controlling a
passage for the escape of water after passing the delivery nozzle of an ejector, as
a relief valve. and of gaps or passages in or at the ends of the combining nozzle as
overflows.
When our invention is applied to a supplementary injector used in connection with
an exhaust steam injector one arrangement is as follows:-At a convenient point on
the discharge side of the delivery nozzle of the supplementary injector, a passage is
provided through which, when open, water can escape after passing through the
delivery nozzle. This passage is controlled by a valve which when on it seat closes
the passage and prevents the exit of water. Normally this valve is held off its scat by
a spring so that when the injector is started the jet issuing through the delivery nozzle
finds an open passage for its free exit. The valve and spring are so arranged that as
the injector gets fully to work and the jet accordingly acquires a greater velocity the
pressure due to this increasing velocity acts upon the relief valve in such a manner as
to force it on to its seat in opposition to the spring. Thus the relief opening is
automatically shut. The moment this pressure ceases to be strong enough to overcome
the spring as it will do should the injector discontinue to work properly the spring
forces the valve open and maintains it so until shut by the re-formed jet. In all cases
when relief openings are provided the injector may also have an overflow opening or
openings in the combining nozzle or not as desirable.
Referring to the accompanying drawings in which similar reference figures are
used to denote like or similar parts.
Fig. is a vertical section of a supplementary injector provided with a relief
valve arranged as just described, and with an independent overflow valve.
1 is the inlet for live steam; 2 the live steam nozzle; 3 the inlet for mixed water
and steam from an exhaust injector A; 4 the combining nozzle; 5 the ordinary over-

page_text: flow; 6 the overflow opening controlled by a loaded overflow valve 7: 8 the overflow
outlet 9 the delivery nozzle: 10 the delivery chamber and passage; 11 the relief
passage controlled by a relief valve 12 and 13 the relief outlet. The relief valve is.
as shown, arranged directly beneath the discharge nozzle and is normally pressed
upward from its seat so as to open the relief passage 11 by a spring 14 that is carried
by the guide 14" of the valve spindle. The strength of the spring is such that when
the injector is started there is a free exit through the relief passage for the jet issuing
through the delivery nozzle.andwhen the jet has acquired the necessaryvelocity topass
to the boiler or other place to which it is to be supplied, it will automatically force the
relief valve onto its seat and close the relief opening as long as the injector is working
properly.
Fig. 2 is a vertical section illustrating a similar arrangement to that shown in
Fig. 1, but the spindle of the relief valve passes through a guide 14ª that extends
partly across the lateral relief outlet passage and the spring 14 that normally holds the
relief valve open is external to the relief outlet passage and is carried by a vertically
adjustable support 15 whereby the action of the spring 14 can be varied.
16 is a
collar on the valve spindle for limiting the upward movement of the valve.
Fig. 3 is a vertical section of combined exhaust injector A and supplementary
injector B in which the relief valve 12 of the supplementary injector controlled by an
adjustable spring 14 is arranged to work horizontally instead of vertically as in Figs.
and 2 and the overflow and relief passages have a common outlet 13*. The action of
the apparatus shown in Figs. 2 and 3 is the same as that shown in Fig. 1.
In a modified arrangement the relief valve is kept normally open by the direct
pressure of the live steam used to work the (supplementary) injector, the live steam
acting upon a piston or diaphragm in connection with the said valve.
Fig. 4 is a vertical section illustrating this arrangement of injector. 17 is a piston
arranged to work in a chamber 18 that is connected to the live steam inlet 1 by a
passage 19 so that one end of the piston is constantlysubjected to the pressure of live
steam. The other end of the, piston is connected to the relief valve 12.
The area of the piston 17 (or diaphragm) in relation to that of the relief valve is
such that it resists the pressure generated by the delivery jet up to a certain desired
point after which the increasing pressure of the jet is sufficient to close the
valve against the pressure of the live steam acting on the said piston. In this
arrangement of injector no overflow opening is shown though one may be provided
if necessary arranged for example as in Fig. 1, or as hereinafter described with
reference to Fig. 6.
In another modification water which is being forced by an exhaust injector into a
supplementary injector is employed to act upon a piston or diaphragm in connection
with a relief valve in the manner above described, the water, before it enters the
combining cone, performing the same functions as that of the live steam.
Fig. 5 is a vertical section illustrating this arrangement. of injector. 17 is the
piston connected to the relief valve 12 and arranged to work in a chamber 20 that is
in free communication at its upper end with the inlet 3 for water from the exhaust
injector so that the piston will be constantly subjected to the pressure of such water
when the exhaust injector is in action. The water from the exhaust injector acts in
like manner to the live steam in the injector shown in Fig. 4, to hold open the relief
valve until the jet has acquired sufficient velocity to close this valve.
It is well known, as described in our specification No. 2177 of 1887, that in
injectors, such as supplementary injectors, in which the combined jet of steam and
water is of a temperature above boiling point, the exit of the overflow gap (if such
there be) must be closed by means sufficient to overcome the tendency of the jet to
burst into steam due to its high temperature, otherwise the overflow will not be dry
when the injector is working..
Therefore, in injectors which have to work under such conditions we employ,
according to our invention, arrangements such that in addition to closing the relief
valve the ordinary overflow is at the same time closed. One means of doing this is

page_text: to connect the relief valve with its spring or piston or diaphragm, with a valve
controlling the overflow opening. This valve may be of any convenient form, such as
a piston valve or disc or clack valve. The connection between the relief valve and
overflow valve may be rigid, or elastic or by simple contact. Further each valve
may have its own spring or piston or diaphragm and these may work in opposition to
or in conjunction with each other. When a piston valve is employed one arrangement
is as follows: The relief valve is connected with the spring, piston or diaphragm, as
the case may be, by a spindle sliding in and fitting a hole bored to receive it. The
hole in which this spindle fits, crosses the outlet for the overflow through the body of
the injector in such a manner that when a part of the spindle that fits the hole is
opposite the outlet, the outlet will be closed by the spindle but when the spindle is
moved so that a part of it which does not fit the hole is opposite the outlet any water
from the overflow can pass round it 'and so pass freely away. At a certain point
the spindle is reduced in diameter or necked down so that when the portion so
reduced is opposite the point where the overflow outlet crosses the hole in which the
spindle fits, the overflow will have a free outlet. This point on the spindle is arranged
so that when the relief valve is open, the overflow outlet is open and so that when the
relief valve is shut-.e. when the injector is working the overflow outlet is also
shut.
"
Fig.6 is a vertical section of an injector provided with connected relief and overflow
valves as just referred to.
"
"
The parts 17 and 7 are made in one piece as a spindle or piston that is reduced in
diameter or necked down at 21. so that when this part is opposite the overflow
passage 6, the overflow will have a free outlet. The part 17 corresponds to the
piston 17 in Fig. 4 and is arranged to slide in a chamber in communication with the
steam inlet 1; the part 7 constitutes an overflow valve that moves with the piston,
and with the relief valve that is connected to it.the arrangement being such that when
the relief valve is open. the overflow valve will be open and when the relief is closed
as hereinbefore described, the overflow valve will be simultaneously closed.
The piston 17 shown in Fig. 5 and which is subject to the pressure of the water
delivered by an exhaust injector as hereinbefore described. has also formed in one
therewith a cylindrical overflow valve 7 that controls the overflow passage 6 in a like
manner to the overflow valve shown in Fig. 6.
Fig. 7 is a vertical section of an injector similar to that shown in Figs. 5 and 6 but
in which the piston 17 is acted upon by a spring 14 that normally opens both the
relief and the overflow valves when the jet is not properly formed and against the
action of which both valves are closed by pressure on the relief valve when the jet is
re-formed.
In Figs. 5, 6 and 7 the overflow and relief passages have a common outlet. These
passages can in all cases have such an outlet.even though the relief valve and overflow
valve are actuated independently.
In some cases in which we actuate the relief valve either in combination with an
overflow valve or not, with live steam we cause the pressure to act not only for the
purpose of opening the relief valve but also to assist the pressure of the jet in closing
the valve. In such an arrangement the steam presses on the valve in both directions.
the areas being so arranged that the valve is forced open when the injector is not at
work. When the injector is working the pressure of the jet added to that of the
steam acting in its direction causes the valve to close. If an overflow valve is used
in combination with the arrangement it closes at the same time.
In place of steam, springs of different strengths can be used in the combined
arrangement as above. As it is difficult to make two valves rigidly connected shut
quite tightly at the same time it is advantageous to arrange that one valve is moved
by the other but not rigidly connected to it. When both valves are shut we arrange
so that there is a slight space or "play" between them or the parts which communicate
movement from one to the other. This play is less than the total movement of
that valve which forces upen the other, which latter consequently opens less than the
first valve by the distance of this space or "play." The consequence is that when the

page_text: movement is reversed and the valves closed, each valve seats itself quite independently
of the other.
Fig.8 is a vertical section of a supplementaryinjector of the kind just referred to,con-
structed with a relief valve 12 and an overflow valve 7 each on a separate spindle 12ª
and provided with a piston 12 and 7 respectively. These pistons are subject to
the pressure of. live steam that enters through pipes 12 and 7 respectively the arrange-
ment being such that normally the pressure against the piston 12" which is of larger
area than the piston 7, maintains both valves open as shewn but when the pressure
of fluid delivered by the supplementary injector is sufficient to close the relief valve
against the pressure on its attached piston and closes it, the overflow valve 7 will be
free to be closed by the pressure of steam on its piston 7. The spindle of valve 7
rests upon but is not rigidly connected to the valve 12 and is of such a length that
when both valves are shut there is a slight space between the relief valve 12 and the
adjacent end of the spindle 7 for the purpose hereinbefore mentioned.
Fig. 9 is a similar view to Fig. 8 but in which the relief valve 12 and overflow
valve 13 each mounted on a separate spindle as in Fig. 8 are each provided with a
spring marked respectively 14 and 22. The spring 22 tends to close the overflow
valve 7; the spring 14 normally tends to open the relief valve and has sufficient force
not only to open this valve but also to open the overflow valve in opposition to its
spring 22 until the pressure of fluid delivered by the injector suffices to close the
relief valve in opposition to its spring and closes this valve, at which time the overflow
valve being relieved of the pressure of spring 14 will be closed by the action of its
spring 22.
Fig. 10 is a vertical section of a modified construction of supplementary injector in
which both valves are normally held open by pressure of live steam as in Fig. 8. The
overflow valve 7 which has a spindle and piston 7, is normally kept open by the
pressure of live steam acting through passage 19 against the piston which pressure
acting through the valve spindle normallykeeps the relief valve open until the pressure
of the fluid delivered by the injector and acting through passage 12 upon the piston12
connected to the relief valve, is sufficient to cause this valve to close. When this
takes place the relief valve, acting through the valve spindle will close the
overflow valve against the pressure of the live steam acting against the piston of this
valve.
The overflow valves shewn in Figs. 8 and 9 may in some cases be dispensed
with. The relief valve will then alone be subjected to unequal forces due to the action
of live steam, or springs, on its opposite sides. The excess of force normally tends to
keep the valve open, but it will be counteracted by the jet of fluid, when properly
formed, so as to close the valve.
In place of using an independent valve to close the ordinary overflow we sometimes
cause the delivery cone to slide and close against the end of the combining nozzle so
as to make a joint and prevent any outlet in a somewhat similar manner to that in
which a joint is made between a stationary and a sliding part of a combining nozzle
according to the specification of Brooke & White's Patent No. 4430 of 1883. To
assist the delivery nozzle to go back and re-open the overflow gap when the injector
is not working properly or is stopped, we employ a spring arranged so as to force the
delivery nozzle away from the combining nozzle. When the injector is at work the
pressure in the delivery chamber acts upon the end of the delivery nozzle as on a
piston causing it to overcome the resistance of the spring and to slide towards the
combining nozzle until it seats against it and so closes the overflow. We sometimes
make that end of the delivery nozzle nearest to the combining nozzle enlarged so as
to present a larger area to the water that rushes out at the overflow when the injector
is starting or when it has temporarily thrown off. This pressure acting on the
enlarged end of the delivery nozzle tends to force it away and may be enrployed in
addition to or instead of the spring above named.
Fig. 11 is a vertical section of an injector constructed as just described. 9 is the
delivery nozzle able to slide towards the end of the combining nozzle and close the
overflow as described when the injector is properly working. 23 is a spring arranged

page_text: to bear at one end against a fixed support 24 and at the other end to act against a
collar 25 secured to a spindle or extension 26 connected to the delivery nozzle. This
spring assists the jet to force back the delivery nozzle and re-open the overflow when
the injector is not working properly as hereinbefore mentioned. The travel of the
delivery nozzle may be so limited that when it moves towards the combining nozzle
it does not entirely close the overflow.
A relief valve and opening may be used in an injector with sliding nozzle which
may or may not be arranged to close the ordinary overflow as just described.
Fig. 12 is a vertical section of an injector with sliding delivery nozzle and in which
there is both an overflow opening and a relief opening. It is desirable in some cases
to work with an overflow gap narrower than is requisite for the free starting of the
injector. The arrangement shown in Fig. 12 is therefore such that the overflow 5 is
never wholly closed but is caused to be larger when the injector starts than when the
injector is working properly. The relief valve 12 is shewn as carried by the spindle
or extension 26 connected to the sliding nozzle 9 and is acted upon by a spring 23
that opens both the relief and overflow openings when the injector is not working, so
that a relief is afforded at both openings when the injector starts. The area of the
under side of the sliding nozzle exposed to the pressure of the delivered jet, is greater
than that of the relief valve exposed to the jet, so that if there were no spring any
pressure in the chamber 10 would act more powerfully on the larger area of the nozzle
than on the smaller area of the valve and would at once force the nozzle upwards and
close the relief opening and partly close the overflow opening. The action of the
spring however overcomes this tendency, and this action is so adjusted or regulated
that the pressure of the jet on the underside of the nozzle can only overcome that
due to the jet and spring on the relief valve at some definite and suitable pressure.
In another arrangement where a sliding discharge nozzle is employed we arrange
relief openings the water from which is caused to join with the water from the over-
flow in discharging against the enlarged end of the delivery nozzle and in keeping it
back and the overflow gap open longer so that a higher degree of velocity has to be
acquired by the jet before it can close the gap. This is an advantage to the starting
and working of the injector. In employing sliding nozzles it is difficult to make
them slide freely and at the same time prevent the delivery water from leaking past.
In one arrangement we therefore make that end of the discharging nozzle next to the
combining nozzle to form a circular ring or valve and arrange it so that when the
discharge nozzle is finally pushed up by the delivery pressure and this circular valve
is on its seat, the overflow outlets are inside this circular valve and the delivery water
is thus prevented from escaping. This enables the piston to be made very loose as
whatever leakage takes place past it is only momentarily at starting and escapes with
the other overflow. The delivery nozzle when so made may also be arranged to shut
off the ordinary overflow at the same time by an inner valve ring. In this case the
overflow outlets are somewhere between these two concentric valve rings.
Fig 13 is a vertical section of an injector with sliding delivery cone constructed to
control both the ordinary overflow and relief opening in the manner just referred to.
5 is the ordinary overflow and 11 the relief passage both controlled by the upper end
of the sliding delivery nozzle 9 which is grooved at 9* so as to form two concentric
rings or valves 9, 9 which bear against corresponding rings or valves 42, 4, on the
combining nozzle and close both the overflow and relief passages when the delivery
nozzle is forced against the combining nozzle on the jet attaining sufficient velocity.
The relief passage 11 is of annular form at 11ª so that the water discharged there-
through at the starting of the injector joins with the water from the overflow in act-
ing against the top end of the delivery nozzle and keeping it back,and the overflow and
relief openings open longer than otherwise, so that a higher velocity has to be acquired
by the jet before it can close these openings.
In Figs. 1 to 6 inclusive and in Figs. 11 to 13 inclusive the steam nozzle 2 of the
supplementary injector is provided with an enlarged part 2* and is capable of sliding
to and from the combining nozzle 4 and acting as a piston, its top part 2b being
formed as a valve the seat of which is at 1°. The arrangement is such that when the

page_text: exhaust injector is not at work or is not properly in action, the steam nozzle 2 is
forced downward by the live or high pressure steam so that its top part 2 fits upon
the seat and prevents the entrance of live or high pressure steam to the injector.
When the exhaust injector is property in action the pressure of the water delivered
therefrom upon the enlarged part or piston 2* of the steam nozzle 2 will be more than
sufficient to counterbalance the pressure of live steam upon the top 2 of such nozzle
which will be raised in an automatic manner and admit live or high pressure steam to
the supplementary injector.
The arrangements of relief opening, and valve or relief and overflow openings and
valves shown in Figs. 1, 2, 4, 6, 7, 9, and 10 and the arrangements of sliding nozzle
with overflow or overflow and relief openings, with valve or valves shewn in
Figs. 11,12 and 13are applicable to injectors which obtain their feed water from other
sources than an exhaust injector.
Within the centre of the combined jet in the combining nozzle of an injector, there
exists a very powerful vacuum which we have found may be utilized for various
purposes and one part of our invention consists in employing the vacuum so existing
in exhaust steam injectors to cause the combined jet to condense more exhaust steam
(without the assistance of live steam) than has hitherto been possible and so produce
a hotter jet than has previously been produced by exhaust steam alone and also a jet
that will force against higher boiler pressures.
Fig. 14 is a vertical section illustrating part of an exhaust injector constructed
according to this part of our invention for admitting an additional quantity of exhaust
steam to the combined jet. 27 is a hollow spindle fixed centrally or axially with the
steam nozzle 2ª and combining nozzle 4 of an exhaust steam injector. One end of
this spindle protrudes through the steam nozzle and into the combining nozzle as
shown. There is no particular point in the combining come at which the vacuum
exists and the end of the spindle or nozzle is fixed so as to obtain the best vacuum
consistent with a position that does not interfere with the working of the injector.
The lower or forward end of the spindle is made sufficiently small not to interfere with
the action of the surrounding jet, and yet of sufficient area in the hole to permit the
entrance of the desired quantity of exhaust steam. The spindle or nozzle may, as in
the example shown, extend in the opposite direction beyond the steam nozzle into the
steam supply pipe 1 and may advantageously be made. as shewn at 27" with an
increasing area as it proceeds upward so as to better catch the steam. When the
injector gets to work in the usual way the previously mentioned vacuum is set up and
causes a rush of additional exhaut steam down the hollow spindle or nozzle and this
adds additional heat and force to the jet. A similar result has been obtained by
forcing an additional supply of exhaust steam down a hollow spindle or nozzle by
means of a jet of live steam but this arrangement is objectionable and not economical
and prevents an injector so arranged from being an exhaust injector pure and
simple.
We also utilize the aforesaid vacuum for causing the automatic admission of live
or high pressure steam into supplementary injectors worked in connection with
exhaust steam injectors.
In an arrangement for causing this automatic admission of steam into a supplemen-
tary injector working in connection with an exhaust injector, we use a hollow spindle
similarly placed with regard to the combining nozzle and steam nozzle as in the
previously described arrangement but with the exception that the end opposite to that
in the combining nozzle is tightly connected with a passage so that when the injector
is at work a vacuum is produced throughout the spindle and passage. This passage is
arranged in connection with a piston diaphragm or other contrivance in such a manner
as to cause the opening of a valve or cock when the exhaust injector is at work and
the said vacuum produced. The valve or cock thereby opened may be arranged to
admit live or high pressure steam into a supplementary injector or into a central live
steam spindle as described in connection with Fig.13 of our hereinbefore mentioned
specification No. 2177 of 1887, the live steam in both cases being admitted automati-
cally when the exhaust injector has got to work.

page_text: Fig. 15 shews partly in vertical section and partly in elevation an arrangement of
exhaust and supplementary injector in which the valve or cock just referred to, when
opened, admits live steam to the supplementary injector. 27 is the hollow spindle
arranged as in Fig. 14. This spindle at its upper end is in communication with one
end of a passage 29 that is in communication at its other end with a chamber 30 in
which is a piston 31. This piston is acted upon by a spring 32 and carries a valve 33
that controls the passage of live or high pressure steam from the live steam inlet I to
the steam nozzle 2 of the supplementary injector B. 34 is a steam tight packing of
flexible material such as "woodite" that encircles the stem connecting the piston 31
and valve 38 and closes the communication between the chamber 30 and steam inlet L.
With this construction when the exhaust injector A is not in action or is not working
properly, the valve 33 will be forced upon its seat by the spring 32 and live steam.
will not be admitted to the steam nozzle 2. When the exhaust injector is working
properly a partial vacuum will be formed in the passage 29 and chamber 30, and the
valve 33 will be raised against the action of the spring 32 and live steam will be
automatically admitted to the steam nozzle 2 of the supplementary injector.
Fig. 16 is a vertical section illustrating an arrangement of exhaust injector in which
the valve 32 when opened on the formation of a partial vacuum in the passage 29
automatically allows live or high pressure steam to pass from a pipe 35 to a pipe 36
and thence to a nozzle 37 arranged centrally within the hollow spindle or nozzle 27.
In some cases we employ the vacuum produced in the spindle or nozzle 27 and
passage to operate a relief or an overflow valve or valve on either the exhaust injector
itself or on a supplementary injector working in connection therewith. We may also
sometimes provide a similar vacuum spindle or nozzle in the supplementary injector
itself to be employed for automatically actuating relief or overflow valve or valves.
A form of apparatus for actuating overflow or relief openings on injectors by the
vacuum produced in a hollow spindle as above described is shown partly in section
and partly in elevation in Fig. 17.
The overflow or relief outlet branch of an injector is attached at 38. When the
injector is not at work or is not properly in action the spring 32 will hold the
piston 31 and piston valve 33ª in the position shown with the necked down"
portion 21 opposite to the overflow outlet and passage 39. This passage is clear
through and any water from the injector can pass away as indicated by the
arrows 39. The left hand end of the chamber 30 in which the piston valve 33"
works, is placed in communication with the atmosphere by means of a hole 41.
The chamber 30 is connected by means of a pipe 29 or otherwise to a hollow
vacuum spindle similar to that marked 27 in Figs. 15 and 16 so that when the injector
in which such spindle is placed gets to work piston 31 and piston valve 33ª will be
forced by the pressure of the atmosphere in the direction of the arrow, 40 until the
piston valve 33ª covers and closes passage 39. The piston 31 might be replaced by a
diaphragm. The apparatus shown in Fig. 17 could be attached to any relief or over-
flow opening.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this inven
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed we declare that what we
claim is-
1. In an injector, a relief opening controlled by a valve subject on one side to the
pressure of a spring, and on the other side to the direct pressure of the jet delivered
by the injector when in action, the arrangement being such that the spring tends to
open the valve and the jet to close it substantially as described and shewn in Figs. 1,
2 and 3.
2. In an injector, a relief opening commanded by a valve subject on one side to the
pressure of live steam supplying the injector and on the other side to the pressure of
the fluid delivered by the injector when in action, the arrangement being such that
the valve will be kept open by the pressure of the live steam until the fluid
delivered by the injector attain sufficient pressure to overbalance the resistance to the
closing of the valve substantially. as herein described.

page_text: 3. In a supplementary injector, a relief valve with a piston or diaphragm arranged
to be acted upon constantly by the pressure of fluid delivered by an exhaust injector
when the same is in action the arrangement being such that the said valve is kept
open by this pressure until the fluid delivered by the supplementary injector and
acting upon the valve attains sufficient pressure to overbalance the resistance to the
closing of the valve and closes it substantially as herein described with reference to
Fig. 5.
4. In a supplementary injector, the combination of a relief valve and an overflow
valve with a piston or diaphragm arranged to be acted on constantly by the pressure
of fluid delivered by the exhaust injector in such a manner that the said valves are
kept open by this pressure until the fluid delivered by the supplementary injector
attains sufficient pressure to overcome the resistance to the closing of the valves and
by acting on the relief valve closes both it and the overflow valve substantially as
herein described with reference to Fig. 5.
5. In an injector the combination of a relief valve and an overflow valve with a
piston arranged to be acted upon by high pressure or live steam whereby the two
valves are kept open until the fluid delivered by the injector attains sufficient pressure
to overcome the resistance to the closing of the valves and by acting on the relief
valve closes both valves substantially as herein described.
6. In an injector the combination of a relief valve and an overflow valve with a
spring whereby the two valves are kept normally open until the fluid delivered by the
injector attains sufficient pressure to overcome the resistance offered to the closing of
the valves and by acting against the relief valve closes both valves in opposition to the
spring substantially as herein described.
7. An injector so constructed and arranged with a relief valve that when the
injector is in operation the relief valve is subject to the pressure of the fluid delivered
by the injector and also to unequal forces exerted by live steam or by springs and
actingagainst opposite faces of the relief valve as set forth the arrangement beingsuch
that the excess of force against the one face of the valve keeps the valve open until
overcome by pressure against the opposite face of fluid delivered by the injector
whereupon the valve closes substantially as herein described.
8. In an injector a relief valve and an overflow valve each on a separate spindle
provided with a small piston, the arrangement being such that normally the pressure
against the piston of the one valve which is of larger area than the piston of the other
valve maintains both valves open but when the pressure of fluid delivered by the
injector suffices to overcome the resistance to the closing of the one valve and closes
it the other valve will be free to be closed by the pressure acting on its piston
substantially as herein described.
9. In an injector a relief valve and an overflow valve each on a separate spindle and
each provided with a spring, the spring of one valve tending to close that valve, and
the spring of the other valve tending to open it and having suflicient force not only
to open its own valve but also to keep the other valve open in opposition to its spring,
the arrangement being such that when the pressure of fluid delivered by the injector
suffices to close the valve having the stronger spring in opposition to that spring, the
other valve will be free to be closed by its own spring substantially as herein
described.
10. In a supplementary injector the arrangement of a relief valve with piston and
an overflow valve with piston and spindle in such a manner that when the injector is
not at work and at starting, the overflow valve will be kept normally open by pressure
of steam against its piston which acting also through the valve spindle will normally
keep the relief valve open and when the pressure of fluid delivered by the injector
acting on the piston or back of the relief valve is sufficient to cause this valve to
close, the relief valve in closing will also close the overflow valve substantially as
herein described.
11. An injector constructed with a sliding delivery nozzle separate from and
independent of the combining nozzle and a spring that normally presses the delivery
nozzle away from the combining nozzle so as to leave an overflow opening between

page_text: the two nozzles wide open until the fluid delivered by the injector has sufficient
pressure to overcome the pressure of the spring and cause the combining nozzle to
move towards the delivery nozzle and either wholly or partially close the overflow
opening substantially as herein described.
12. An injector constructed with a sliding delivery nozzle separate from and
independent of the combining nozzle; a relief valve connected to the said sliding
delivery nozzle and a spring arranged to normally press the delivery nozzle away from
the combining nozzle so as to leave an overflow opening between the two nozzles and
to keep open the relief valve until the pressure of fluid delivered by the injector and
acting on the sliding delivery nozzle is sufficient to overcome the action of the spring
and to close the relief valve and wholly or partially close the overflow opening
substantially as herein described and shewn in Fig. 12.
13. An injector having a sliding delivery nozzle separate from and independent of
the combining nozzle, an overflow passage, and a relief passage, the said delivery
nozzle being adapted to be forced away from the combining nozzle by. the fluid
escaping from the overflow and the relief until fluid delivered by the injector has
sufficient pressure to force the delivery nozzle up to and against the combining nozzle
and to close both openings substantially as herein described.
14. An injector constructed with a hollow spindle or nozzle arranged as described
in relation to the combining nozzle in such a manner that when the injector is in
action the partial vacuum produced in the centre of the combined jet of steam and
water will induce a flow of fluid through the said spindle or nozzle or will control a
valve.
15. An exhaust or low pressure steam injector constructed with a hollow spindle
or nozzle arranged within the steam nozzle and terminating at its lower or forward
end within the combining nozzle so as to be acted on by the partial vacuum that is
ordinarily formed when the injector is in action the upper end of such hollow spindle
or nozzle being in communication with the inlet for exhaust steam as described with
reference to Fig. 14 for the purpose set forth.
16. The combination with an exhaust or low pressure steam injector provided with
a hollow spindle or nozzle having its lower or forward end arranged as specified in the
preceding claim and its other end in communication with a passage or chamber
wherein the said spindle or nozzle is adapted to produce a partial vacuum when the
injector is in action of a supplementary injector and a piston or diaphragm with valve
so arranged in relation to the interior of the hollow spindle or nozzle and passage or
chamber referred to and to a passage for high pressure or live steam that after a jet
has been started by exhaust or low pressure steam the relation between the pressures
at the respective sides of the piston or diaphragm will be altered by a partial vacuum
being set up in the hollow spindle or nozzle and the valve will be automatically opened
to admit high pressure or live steam to the supplementary injector substantially as
herein described.
17. In an exhaust or low pressure steam injector the combination of a hollow steam
spindle or nozzle arranged within the exhaust or low pressure steam nozzle to admit
live or highpressure steam.a second hollowspindle or nozzle having its lowerorforward
end arranged as mentioned in Claim 15 and its other end in communication with a
passage, and a piston or diaphragm with valve so arranged in relation to the interior
of the second hollowspindle or nozzle and passage and to a passage for high pressure
or live steam that after a jet has been started by exhaust or low pressure steam, the
relation between the pressures at the respective sides of the piston or diaphragm will
be altered by a partial vacuum being produced in the second hollow spindle or nozzle
and the valve will thus be opened to admit high pressure or live steam to the hollow
high pressure steam spindle or nozzle substantially as herein described.
18. An injector constructed with a hollow spindle or nozzle having its lower or
forward end arranged as mentioned in Claim 15 and its other end in communication
by a passage with a cylinder or chamber containing a piston or diaphragm connected
to a valve the piston or diaphragm being so arranged in relation to the interior of the
said hollow spindle or nozzle and passage and the valve so arranged in relation to an

page_text: overflow or relief opening of the injector that the valve normally leaves open the said
overflow or relief opening but after a jet has been started in the injector the relation
between the pressures at the respective sides of the piston or diaphragm will be
altered by a partial vacuum being set up in the hollowspindle or nozzle and the piston
or diaphragm will move the valve into a position in which it will close the overflow or
relief opening.
19. The improved injectors constructed.arranged, and operatingas herein described
with reference respectively to and shewn in Fig. 4: in Fig. 6; in Fig. 7; in Fig. 8;
in Fig. 9; in Fig. 10; in Fig. 11; in Fig. 13; and in Fig. 16 of the drawings
annexed.
20. The improved combined exhaust and supplementary injectors constructed
substantially as herein described with reference to and shewn in Fig. 15 of the
drawings annexed.
ليوم
12000
W. LLOYD WISE.
Per F. J. Brougham,
46, Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, W.C., Agent for the Applicants.