Improvements in Vapor Burners, and in Apparatus connected therewith.
Year: 1896

page_text: Date of Application, 16th May, 1895
Complete Specification Left. 22nd June, 1896-Accepted, 25th July. 1896
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
[Communicated from abroad by PAUL CARMIEN, of Montbeliard, ANTOINE
YVONNET, of Roaune, and MARIUS BILLION, of Paris, all in the Republic
of France.]
Improvements in Vapor Burners, and in Apparatus connected
therewith.
I, VICTOR ISIDORE FEENY, of 60 Queen Victoria Street, in the City and
County of London, Chartered Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of this
invention to be as follows:-
My invention relates to a regenerative apparatus and means for producing and
burning oil gas whereby I am enabled to dispense with the ordinary gas-holder,
lead or iron gas pipes, gas meter, governor and similar accessories indispensable to
the present use of oil gas, and also to control the supply to one or more burners
arranged adjacent to or at a considerable distance from the source of supply.
My invention also relates to means for producing gas burning with an almost
colourless flame, and which gas is renewed proportionately to its combustion.
The principal material employed for the preparation of this gas is ordinary oil
of petroleum, contained in a reservoir placed at a distance of from two to a
hundred mètres from the burner, if desired.
The burner is fed by a fine copper tube of from one to two millimètres in
diameter and is enclosed in a metallic case perforated like ordinary oil gas
burners. The body part enclosed within this períorated case is bored throughout
its entire length; its base is tapped to a suitable extent to screw the apparatus
in position on the ordinary gas-bracket, chandelier or other fitting. A screw
valve passes horizontally through the base of the body and answers the purpose
of a valve closing hermetically at its extremity. This screw valve passes through
a stuffing-box which prevents any escape of gas. The vertical and tubular portion
of the body which extends through the centre of a flange is charged with a
filtering substance which is enclosed and retained therein by means of a screwed
and soldered stopper. The upper end is surmounted by a copper or other
metallic disc extending over the perforated case and through the centre of this
dise projects a screw-cap furnished with a small opening on its apex, and arranged
to engage within a collar formed upon the vertical tube. By turning this disc
the screw causes it to be correspondingly raised or lowered, and at the same
time to open or close an aperture in the central tube, thus affording a convenient
means for adjusting the light.
The burner is arranged to support various accessory parts, affording three kinds
of lighting, known commercially as,
1. Illumination by incandescent mantles, (Welsbach).
2. Ordinary round burners having 30 or 40 jets and glass chimney, (Argand).
3. Flat flame burners, with or without glass globes (fish-tail or batswiug).
In the first case, the air tube must be secured firmly on the end of the screw
above the disc. Then the gallery is placed over the air tube in the usual manner
and there only remains to affix a mantle and to place a glass or chimney of any
suitable kind in the gallery, in order to obtain a perfect lighting device.
In the second case, the Argand burner requires no chimney; it is secured

page_text: The whole device is hermetically closed in a metallic vessel com nunicating with
the exterior only through two capillary tubes, one serving for the supply and the
other the delivery tube.
A bracket is attached to one side of the interior of the vessel. The operating
mechanism comprises a lever which is pivoted between two set-screws extending
through lugs formed on the bracket which is also providel with a tubular branch.
The lever carries at its other en 1 a hollow ball, drum or cylinder, acting as a float.
A screw limits the downward movement of the lever which is necessary when the
vessel is empty, in order to prevent the displacement of a plug conte lling the inlet
and supply. The vessel is provided with a screw stopper for the purpose of
refilling to start the operation.
There are three methods of complete installation for lighting as we arrange for
heating by the same gas. Firstly, a reservoir of oil, consisting of an iron tank
for instance, may be placed in position lour or thirty mètres above the level
of the lighting burners to be supplied, each of which is furnished with a similar
valve to that previously described. A capillary tube is connected to this reservoir
by a screw or union and carried down through the floors or on the intervening
walls to the regulator which may be fixed on a wall at a height of ten to fifteen
centimètres at least from the highest burner in the apartment to be lighted.
The second mode of installation for a similar reservoir of oil which may be
placed in a cellar or court below the level of the burners, requires the use of an
india-rubber ball of any kind; this ball is connected above with the tank by a
flexible or rigid tube of suitable diameter. After inflating it with air it is
weighted to a sufficient extent to cause the oil to ascend to the regulator. Then
the float being raised causes the plug to rise and close the inlet.
The third method for small installations is to arrange small reservoirs containing
from one to five litres of oil and furnished with valves each communicating through
a capillary tube with the burners. These small reservoirs are supported at any
convenient distance, slightly above the level of the burners, without any
regulator.
OPERATION.
It is necessary the first time to fill the vessel of the regulator and replace the
filling screw. 'Then open the screw valve on the burner at half turn for about
four seconds and reclose it. Turn the perforated casing so as to open the sight
hole which is immediately below the casing. Introduce into this opening in the
case an alcoholic lamp burner lighted, and leave it thus suspended for about
twenty seconds at least; when the small ring of blue flame appears around the
collar and warms the centre of the disc, the screw valve is re-opened at half turn;
the gas is made and the small ring of flame continues up to the closing of the valve,
or emptying of the reservoir.
The filtering substance within the tube of the burner is surrounded with flame
at the top, the gas of the oil escaping, rapidly expauds in the small cavity of the
screw cap, and as this gas cannot entirely pass out through the small jet bored at
the apex, the surplus escapes through the base of the screw and passes out by the
small opening which is previously regulated to have the quantity necessary for
the blue flame. The jet which comes out from the end of the screw cap draws the
requisite air for combustion in the case of an incandescent flame into the air

page_text: tube, and in Argand, or flat burners, sufficient air to obtain a very brilliant
flame.
WORKING OF PRESSURE REGULATOR.
The oil gas supplied from the tank at a pressure of two or four atmospheres
cannot in any way penetrate further into the regulator even when the screw
stopper is removed. The level of the liquid rising lifts the float which by the
same movement closes the plug in the small inlet hole of the tube.
When one or more burners are lighted the oil passes with an imperceptible flow
through the capillary tube thus causing the float to fall and open the plug to the
necessary extent to keep the level always the same.
Dated this Sixteenth day of May 1896.
Improvements in Vapor Burners, and in Apparatus connected
therewith.
I, VICTOR ISIDORE FEENY, of 60 Queen Victoria Street, in the City and
County of London, Chartered Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of
this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
My invention relates to a regenerative apparatus and means for producing and
burning oil gas, whereby I an enabled to dispense with the ordinary gas-holder,
lead or iron gas pipes, gas meter, governor and similar accessories indispensable to
the present use of oil gas, and also to control the supply to one or more burners
arranged adjacent to, or at a considerable distance from the source of supply.
My invention also relates to mears for producing gas burning with an almost
colourless flanie, and which gas is renewed proportionately to its combustion.
The principal material employed for the preparation of this gas is ordinary oil of
petroleum, contained in a reservoir placed at a distance of from two to a hundred
mètres from the burner, if desired.
In carrying cut my invention I adopt the arrangements shewn on the
accompanying drawings, upon which-
Figure 1 is a perspective view on a reduced scale of an oil gas or petroleum
reservoir;
Figure 2, an elevation shewn partly in section of the pressure regulator ;
Figure 2b, a plan of the same;
Figure 3, an elevation of a burner for lighting by incandescence arranged in
connection with my apparatus ;
Figure 4, a vertical section of the same through the axis of the handle or screw
valve;
Figure 5, an elevation of a similar arrangement to the preceding, but fitted to an
Argand burner;
Figures 6 and 6ts are respectively a perspective view and plan of a flat-flaine
burner arranged for connection with my apparatus;
Figures 7 and 8 are perspective views-and
Figure 9, is a front elevation and vertical section of modifications of the burner
shewn on Fig. 6; and
Figure 10, representing a section and elevation of a conical burner for occasional
use in special cases, or in place of incandescent burners.

page_text: As shewn on Figures 3 and 4, the burner is fed by a fine copper tube of from
one to two millimètres in diameter and is enclosed in a metallic case M perforated
like ordinary oil gas burners. The body part A¹ enclosed within the perforated
case M is bored throughout its entire length; its base is tapped to a suitable
extent to screw the apparatus in position on the ordinary gas-bracket, chandelier
or other fitting. A screw valve passes horizontally through the base of the
body A' and answers the purpose of a valve closing hermetically at its extremity.
This screw valve passes through a stuffing-box e which prevents any escape of gas.
The vertical and tubular portion of the body A' is furnished at its lower end with
a flange n which serves to carry a perforated casing M, and the tubular body is
charged with a suitable filtering substance which is retained therein by a screwed
stopper e soldered in its lower end. Near its upper end, which is screwed
exteriorly, it is provided with a recessed collar o, arranged to receive the lower end
of a hollow cap F carrying a disc E. The apex of this cap is perforated to permit
the passage of the gas to the burner. By turning the disc E, the cap F is caused
to be raised or lowered and its lower end made to abut upon the collar o, or
to be raised slightly therefrom, by which adjustment the light may readily be
regulated.
The burner is arranged to support various accessory parts, affording either of
three kinds of lighting, known commercially as,
1. Illumination by incandescent mantles, (Welsbach).
2. Ordinary round burners having 30 or 40 jets and glass chimney, (Argand).
3. Flat flame burners, with or without glass globes, (fish-tail or batswing).
In the first case, the air-tube A must be secured firmly on the end of the screw-
cap F above the disc E. Then the gallery is placed over the air-tube in the usual
manner, and there only remains to affix a mantle and to place a glass or chimney of
any suitable kind in the gallery, in order to obtain a perfect lighting device. To
allow the introduction of a spirit-lamp, as hereafter described, within the casing M,
an opening M¹ is provided in one side thereof capable of being closed when desired
by a metallic plate a secured on, or forming part of the flange n.
In the second case, the Argand burner shewn on Fig. 5 requires no chimney; it
is secured directly on the end of screw-cap F. The entire burner is enclosed
within a perforated metallic casing, and any desired number of small gas jets are
bored obliquely to the top in a kind of T-form, meeting and expanding at their
junction so as to cause an air current at the base of the opening when the jets are
lighted; the flame supplied with air through the small holes formed at the base of
the burner produces a fine white light.
The flat flame burners are constructed in any of the forms shewn on Figures 6,
6, 7, 8 and 9: Upon the supply tube and perpendicularly thereto, are brazed
two copper plates b, about 10 or 15 m/mètres apart at the base and arranged
symmetrically with respect to openings a provided in the said tube; these plates b
may be connected together by lateral plates 61, as shewn on Figs. 6 and 6,
leaving at their base an air passage between them and a tray or base-plate a', or the
lateral plates may be suppressed as in Fig. 7; or I may form the burner with only
one plate b, and the base-plate a', as in Fig. 8. In another modification the flat
flame burner may be constructed as shewn in Fig. 9.
An alternative form-or concentric flame burner-is constructed for use in place
of the incandescent burner and consists-as shewn in Figs. 10 and 104-of a
number of tapered rings d arranged one above another in a conical form, with
annular spaces between them, and supported by an inner metallic piece of
inverted V-shape. The conical and the flat flame burners are screwed upon the
screw-cap F already described.

page_text: exterior only through two capillary tubes and r, the former serving for the
supply from the oil reservoir, and the latter for the delivery to the burners.
A bracket L is attached to one side of the interior of the vessel P. The
operating mechanism consists of a lever R which is pivoted between two set-
screws extending through lugs formed on the bracket L which is also provided
with a tubular branch S. The lever R carries at its other end a hollow ball, drum
or cylinder H acting as a float. A screw V limits the downward movement of the
lever which is necessary when the vessel is empty, in order to prevent the displace-
ment of a plug e controlling the inlet and supply. The vessel P is provided with
a screw stopper Z for the purpose of allowing refilling to start the operation, as
described hereafter.
There are three methods of complete installation for lighting as we arrange for
heating by the same gas. Firstly, a reservoir of oil, consisting for instance of an
iron tank, (see Fig. 1) may be placed in position four or thirty mètres above the
level of the lighting burners to be supplied, each of which is furnished with a
similar valve to that previously described. A capillary tuber is connected to the
reservoir by a suitable screw or union, and carried down through the floors, or
on the intervening walls to the regulator which may be fixed on
a height of at least 10 to 15 centimètres from the highest burner in the apartment
to be lighted.
The second mode of installation for a similar reservoir of oil which may be
placed in a cellar or court between the level of the burners, requires the use of an
india rubber ball of any kind; this ball is connected above with the tank by a
flexible or rigid tube of suitable diameter. After inflating it with air it is
weighted to a sufficient extent to cause the oil to ascend to the regulator.
the float H being raised causes the plug c to rise and close the inlet.
Then
The third method for small installations is to arrange small reservoirs containing
from one to five litres of oil, and furnished with valves each communicating
through a capillary tube with the burners. These small reservoirs are supported
at any convenient distance, slightly above the level of the burners, without any
regulator.
OPERATION.
It is necessary the first time to remove the screw stopper of the regulator, to
fill the vessel P and replace the screw. Then open the screw-valve C on the
burner at half-turn for about four seconds in order to admit the flow of oil into
the tube A, and reclose it. Turn the perforated casing M so as to open the
aperture M which is immediately below the perforated part. Introduce into the
casing through the opening an alcoholic lamp burner lighted, and leave it there
suspended for at least twenty seconds; by this heating of the disc E, the oil is
partly vaporised and escapes as gas through the aperture in the apex of the cap F;
the residue passing down through the screw thread flows out into the recess in the
collar o. As soon as a small ring of blue flame appears around the collar o,
the spirit lamp may be removed, the screw-valve is reopened at half-turn; and the
small ring of flame continues burning and serves to vaporise the flow of oil until
the closing of the valve or the emptying of the reservoir.
The filtering substance within the tube A' of the burner is surrounded with
flame at the top, the gas of the oil escaping, rapidly expands in the small cavity
of the screw-cap F, and as this gas cannot all pass out through the small jet bored
at the apex, the surplus escapes underneath the base of the cap F and passes out into
the recessed collar o, the opening between the base of the cap and the collar being
previously regulated to receive the quantity necessary for maintaining the blue
Hame. The jet which issues from the end of the screw-cap F draws the requisite
air for combustion into the air tube A, in the case of an incandescent flame, and in
Argand or flat burners, sufficient air to obtain a very brilliant flame.
At either end of the tube r connecting the regulator with the burner, and also
at the end of the tuber connecting with the tubular part S, hermetic closure is

page_text: secured by means of a leaden or other soft metal cune m' bored with a central
passage, and attached to the end of said tube, arranged within a screwed
adjustable cap m, as shewn in Figs. 2 and 4.
WORKING OF PRESSURE REGULATOR.
The oil gas supplied at a pressure of 2 to 4 atmospheres cannot in any way
penetrate further into the regulator even when the screw stopper is removed; as
the level of the liquid rising lifts the float H, which by the same movement closes
the plug in the small inlet hole of the tube S. When one or more burners are
lighted the oil passes with an almost imperceptible flow through the capillary tube,
thus causing the float H to fall and open the plug c to the necessary extent to keep
the level always the same.
By the above described apparatus the advantages are obtained of a substantial
economy in installation of lighting apparatus as compared with ordinary gas
arrangements and effectual security hitherto unattained in oil gas apparatus.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. A novel lighting apparatus for oil of petroleum or other hydro-carbon oil,
comprising the combination with an oil reservoir of a capillary tuber for
conveying the liquid in a regular and continuous manner to the burner or burners,
as described.
2. In automatic gas producing apparatus, the combination of a burner of any
suitable description with a capillary tube for supplying the oil, and a metallic
disc E or equivalent device heated to the necessary extent for the vaporisation of
the oil, as described.
3. In oil gas lighting apparatus, the combination of a regulator with the
reservoir and the burners for the purpose of ensuring constant and equal pressure
throughout the several burners substantially as described with reference to the
accompanying drawings.
Dated this 22nd day of June 1906