Improvements in and in Connection with Apparatus for Refrigerating Enclosed Spaces such as Cold Stores.
Year: 1886

page_text: Date of Application, 21st Dec., 1886
Complete Left, 21st Sept., 1887.
Complete Accepted, 21st Oct., 1887
Deer
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Improvements in and in Connection with Apparatus for Refrigerating
Enclosed Spaces such as Cold Stores.
I, FREDERICK NOEL MACKAY of Oakwood Kings Lynn in the County of Norfolk,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows
The objects of the invention are to provide means for the economic production and
maintenance of dry cold air in enclosed spaces for controlling both the temperature
and the amount of dryness of the said air and for maintaining a reserve of refrigerating
power separate from the matter refrigerated.
My present invention consists essentially in working together or in a conjoined
operation a machine or plant for cooling air by expanding the said air and a machine
or plant for cooling the said air by contact with metallic surfaces.
When an ammonia absorbtion machine constitutes one of the refrigerating apparatus
under my invention I utilize steam first in the engine cylinders of the air expansion
refrigerator and afterwards in the boiler of the ammonia machine.
A further improvement consists in the combination with refrigerating apparatus
as above set forth of large and small cooling chambers reduced to various degrees of
temperature.
My invention also consists in constructing in a novel manner apparatus for cooling
air by contact with metallic surfaces so as to expose increased heat absorbing surface.
The sketch herewith shows plant with appliances under my invention. a are
chambers each forming a small store and provided with brine pipes leading from an
ammonia machine b and having also an inlet way for cold air from an air machine c.
The brine from the ammonia machine is continuously circulated through all the
chambers. The air from the air machine is first delivered to one of the chambers in
which fresh meat has been placed and which is thereby rapidly cooled down to the
desired temperature. The supply from the air machine is then diverted to the other
chambers in succession as they are filled with fresh meat. When all the chambers of
the store are filled the air is distributed amongst them in any desired proportion till
the necessary dryness is attained. When the air supply is cut off the cooling is
continued in the brine pipes, and on stopping the ammonia machine or shutting off

page_text: the brine supply to the pipes the reserve of cold in the brine pipes will keep such
chamber at the required temperature.
The exhaust steam from the cylinder of the air machine c is employed in the boiler
-of-the ammonia machine at sufficient pressure to give the temperature necessary to
evaporate the ammonia therein. The feed and other pumps of the ammonia machine
are actuated by the engine of the air machine.
I arrange pipes and surfaces for cooling stores as follows:-
Under one modification I attach one or more rows of pipes to supports and fasten
to such pipes in close contact corrugated metal sheets so that the cold from the pipes
is conducted over the sheets which form a large heat absorbing surface. The moisture
which will condense on these sheets will run down onto the pipes and be frozen into
ice which will thus form a reserve of cold, in addition to the cold brine in the
pipes.
Under another modification instead of attaching corrugated metal sheets to the brine
pipes I join such sheets together at their edges so as to form narrow chambers and I
circulate the brine through the interior of such cells which may be supported in any
usual manner. Gutters are arranged along the lower edges of the sheets to catch and
convey the water away when it runs off them, so that the floor and atmosphere of
the chambers are always dry.

page_text: Enclosed Spaces such as Cold Stores.
I FREDERICK NOEL MACKAY of Oakwood Kings Lynn, in the County of Norfolk,
Engineer do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement :-
The objects of the invention are to provide means for the economic production and
maintenance of dry cold air in enclosed spaces, for controlling both the temperature
and the amount of dryness of the said air and for maintaining a reserve of refrigerating
power separate from the matter refrigerated.
My present invention consists essentially, in working together or in a conjoint
operation a machine or plant for cooling air by expanding the said air and a machine
or plant for cooling the said air by contact with metallic surfaces.
When an ammonia absorption machine constitutes one of the refrigerating apparatus
under my invention, I utilize steam, first in the engine cylinders of the air expansion
refrigerator and afterwards in the boiler of the Ammonia Machine.
A further improvement consists in the combination with refrigerating apparatus as
above set forth of large and small cooling chambers reduced to various degrees of
temperature.
My invention also consists in constructing in a novel manner apparatus for cooling
air by contact with metallic surfaces so as to expose increased heat absorbing surface.
On the Sheet of drawings herewith, Figure 1 is a longitudinal section, and Figure 2.
a horizontal sextion of plant with appliances under my invention. a. are chambers,
each forming a small store, and provided with brine pipes & leading from an ammonia
machine c, d pipes leading from the air machine e to the chambers, cocks for shutting
off and admitting air to each chamber. The Ammonia and Air Machines are of any
usual or desired construction. The brine from the Ammonia machine is continuously
circulated as desired through all the chambers.
The air from the air machine is first delivered to one of the chambers in which
fresh meat has been placed and which is thereby rapidly cooled down to the desired
temperature. The supply from the air machine is then diverted to other chambers in
succession as they are filled with fresh meat. When all the chambers of the store are
filled the air is distributed amongst them in any desired proportion till the necessary
dryness is obtained-When the air supply is cut off the cooling is continued in the
brine pipes and on stopping the ammonia machine or shutting off the brine supply
through the pipes, the reserve of cold in the brine pipes will keep such chamber at
the required temperature.-The chamber walls are of nonconducting material as
regards heat and doors and passages g are provided as required.

page_text: The exhaust steam from the cylinder of the air machine e is employed in the boiler
of the ammonia machine at sufficient pressure to give the temperature necessary, to
evaporate the ammonia therein.
The feed and other pumps of the Ammonia Machine are actuated by the engine of
the air Machine.
I arrange pipes and surfaces for cooling stores as follows:-
Under one modification I attach one or more rows of pipes to supports and fasten
to such pipes in such close contact, corrugated Metal sheets so that the cold from the
pipes is conducted over the sheets, which form large heat absorbing surfaces. The
moisture which will condense on these sheets will run down until it is frozen, and will
form a thickness of ice which will thus form a reserve of cold, in addition to the cold
brine in the pipes.
Figure 3 is a transverse section of refrigerating Apparatus, under this part of my
invention. h brine pipes secured to supports ij corrugated sheets fastened to the said
pipes, gutters for carrying off moisture trickling down the sheets j during refrigera-
tion or produced when the refrigeration is not being carried on, by the thawing of ice
formed in the said sheets.
k
Figure 4-is a transverse section of a modification showing two sets of brine pipes
and corrugated sheets secured to the same supports.
Under another modification, instead of attaching corrugated metal sheets to the
brine pipes, I join such sheets together at their edges so as to form narrow chambers
and I circulate the brine through the interior of such cells which may be supported
in any usual manner-Gutters are arranged along the lower edges of the sheets to
catch and convey the water away when it runs off them so that the floor and
atmosphere of the chamber is always dry.
Figure 5 is an end view, Figure 6. a transverse section and Figure 7 a longitudinal
elevation of the above modification of apparatus, are corrugated sheets joined
together so as to form narrow chambers, m n inlet and ontlet ways, o division piece to
cause the brine to circulate from end to end of the chambers.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I claim is :-
First Working together in coujoined operation air expansion and surface
refrigerating machines or plant for the purposes set forth.
Second The combination of air expansion and surface refrigeration machines or
plant for the purpose set forth.
Third The combination of air and Ammonia refrigeration Machines substantially as
set forth.
Fourth-The combination with conjoint action refrigeration machines of large and
small cooling chambers substantially as set forth.
Fifth The combination with refrigerating pipes of corrugated sheets substantially
in the manner and for the purpose set forth.
Sixth-Corrugated sheet refrigeration chambers constructed substantially as set
forth.
Dated this Twentieth day of Santamber 1887