IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING ORNAMENTAL VELVET PILE, BRUSSELS, AND TAPESTRY CARPETS AND OTHER LIKE FABRICS
Year: 1879

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Charles Hughes, of Kidderminster, in the County of
Worcester, Carpet Manufacturer, and William Henry Bairstow, of Kidder-
minster aforesaid, Mechanic, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS
FOR WEAVING ORNAMENTAL VELVET PILE, BRUSSELS, AND TAPESTRY CARPETS
AND OTHER LIKE FABRICS."
Sealed the 13th June 1879, and dated the 29th March 1879.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Charles Hughes and William
Henry Bairstow at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 29th March
1879.
CHARLES HUGHES, of Kidderminster, in the County of Worcester, Carpet Manu-
facturer, and WILLIAM HENRY BAIRSTOW, of Kidderminster aforesaid, Mechanic.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING ORNAMENTAL VELVET PILE, BRUSSELS,
AND TAPESTRY CARPETS AND OTHER LIKE FRABRICS."
Firstly. An improvement in the arrangement of the crank shaft and driving
wheels of a loom known as Smith's loom. This is effected by removing the crank
shaft from its present bearings and substituting a short shaft for carrying the small
picking wheel, the large driving wheel, and the small bevel wheel for the wire
motion. On the shaft is fitted a change wheel driving another change wheel keyed
on to a new crank shaft fixed at a higher elevation than the old crank shaft, the
new crank shaft being shorter in the throws than the old one. The throws of the
new crank shaft are connected by two straight arms to the lathe swords by a joint
pin, and the arms to the crank shaft by a strap with jib and cotter, the rocking
shaft and arms as previously used being dispensed with. The change wheels on the
said short shaft and new crank shaft admit of a ready change from two shot to
three or four shot velvet without having to change the two picking wheels and
two wire motion wheels. And, further, this improvement combines an inter-
change of tappets on the wire motion plate for working two, three, or four shot
velvet.
Secondly. Improvements consisting of a drop box to the shuttle box for working
two shuttles, the one shuttle carrying a fine thread and the other shuttle a thick
thread, the said shuttle box or boxes being worked by rods and levers, the one box

page_text: by a cam on the bottom shaft and the other by a double cam in the treadle box.
In connection with this part of the Invention the said shuttle box on the wire
motion side of the loom is advanced and retarded by a tappet fixed on the end of the
said new crank shaft, connected with a straight arm by a joint pin and to the shuttle
box and a bowl and stud running in the said tappet on the crank shaft. Also in
connection with this part of the Invention is a new shuttle for holding the bobbin
containing the thick thread, the said shuttle being capable of holding above thrice
the amount of thread the ordinary shuttle as now used will hold, and only taking
the same space in the shuttle box as the old one containing the fine thread.
Thirdly. A new picking motion, the said picking motion being worked by cams and
levers from the bottom shaft in the centre of the loom. This part of the Invention
enables the loom to make two or more picks in succession from right to left or left
to right, or single alternate picks, as required. Fourthly. Improvements to the
treadle box, which consist of a pinion wheel, an intermediate wheel, and large
treadle box wheel, the said pinion wheel being keyed on to the said new crank
shaft and driving the said intermediate wheel, which in its turn drives the large
treadle box wheel. This part of the Invention admits of a ready change from two
to three or four shot velvet, such change being made by changing the pinion wheel
only, which has heretofore necessitated the change of both pinion and large treadle
box wheel. The said intermediate wheel is carried by a bracket and stud bolted on
the loom side, and adjustable to either sized pinion wheel. Lastly. Improvements
to the tappets in the treadle box; the said tappets are used for manipulating the
gears or healds. This part of the Invention consists of five or more tappets for
working by bowls, levers, and rods the gears or healds containing the warp threads,
the said tappets in conjunction with the gears making an interlocking motion of
warp and weft, also an independent back to the fabric, which will give greater
durability to the said fabric.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by the
said Charles Hughes and William Henry Bairstow in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 29th September 1879.
CHARLES HUGHES, of Kidderminster, in the County of Worcester, Carpet Manu-
facturer, and WILLIAM HENRY BAIRSTOW, of Kidderminster aforesaid. "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING ORNAMENTAL VELVET PILE, BRUSSELS, AND
TAPESTRY CARPETS AND OTHER LIKE FABRICS."
Our Invention has for its object improvements in looms for weaving ornamental
velvet pile, Brussels, and tapestry carpets and other like fabrics. The principal
purpose in view is so to construct the looms as to make them capable of producing
carpets and like fabrics with what may be termed an independent (or additional)
back, which when worn out or cut will not release the front surface of the carpet,
thereby giving to the carpet much greater strength and consequent durability. And
in order that our said Invention may be properly understood we will proceed to
describe it in detail, referring to the Drawings hereunto annexed, which form a part
of our Specification.
Firstly. Our Invention consists of an improvement in the arrangement of the
crank shaft and driving wheels of a loom known as "Smith's loom." This is effected
by removing the crank shaft from its present bearings, and substituting a short
shaft for carrying the small picking wheel, the large driving wheel, and the small
bevel wheel for the wire motion. On the shaft is fitted a change wheel driving
another change wheel keyed on to a new crank shaft fixed at a higher elevation
than the old crank shaft, the new crank shaft being shorter in the throws than the
old one.
The throws of the new crank shaft are connected by two straight arms
or connecting rods to the lathe swords by a joint pin, and the arms to the crank
shaft by a strap with gib and cottar, the rocking shaft and arms previously nsed
being dispensed with.
The change wheels on the said short shaft and new crank shaft admit of a ready
change from two shot to three or four shot velvet without having to change the two
picking wheels and two wire motion wheels. And, further, this improvement
combines an interchange of tappets on the wire motion plate for working two,
three, or four shot velvet.
In the accompanying Drawings Figure 1 shows a front elevation, and Figure 2
and Figure 3 end elevations of a loom in which this improvement is represented.
A is a short shaft for carrying the small picking wheel B, the large driving wheel C,
and the small bevel wheel D for the wire motion. On the same shaft is fitted a
change wheel E driving another change wheel F keyed on to the crank shaft G.
The throws of the crank shaft G, as represented in Figure 2 in the Drawings, are
connected by two straight arms or connecting rods H to the lathe swords J, the
arms H being connected to tho lathe swords by a joint pin, and to the throws of the
crank shaft by a strap with gib and cottar, the old rocking shaft and arms being
dispensed with.
The change wheels on the shaft A and crank shaft G, marked respectively E
and F, admit of a ready change to two, three, or four shot velvet. Figure 4 is the
wire motion plate, shewing the method of fixing the tappets a, b, and c, for facili-
tating the same change, the said tappet fitting against or on to the boss of the wire
notion plate, and being secured to the plate by means of screws or bolts.
The aforesaid improvements, as well as all the improvements hereinafter named
can be adapted to any other make of looms.
Secondly. Our Invention consists of improvements in the shuttle box, consisting

page_text: of a drop box for working two shuttles, the one shuttle carrying a fine thread and
the other shuttle a thick thread, the said shuttle box or boxes being worked by rods
and levers, the one box by a cam on the bottom shaft, and the other by a double
cam in the treadle box.
This part of our Invention is represented in the end elevations, Figure 2 and
Figure 3, and in a front elevation of the shuttle boxes, Figure 5. K is a cam or
tappet fixed on the bottom shaft, and adjustable by means of the set screw L. Mis
a bracket bolted on the loom side, carrying a stud and lever N connected by a joint
pin to the rod O, the rod O having a swivel or coupling P with right and left
handed threads for adjusting the shuttle box Q, and a forked end to connect with
two joint pins R, R, to the shuttle box Q, as shewn on the right hand side in
Figure 5, the shuttle box Q sliding in the frame S on two steel rods T, T. The
shuttle box Q on the left hand side in Figure 5 is worked by a double cam K¹, K¹,
fixed at the back of the treadle box wheel U, and running over a bowl and stud
fixed in the lever N1, the lever N' being carried by a stud M' fixed in the loom
side, as shewn at Figure 5 on the left hand side. O' is a short rod connecting the
end of the lever N' with the stud N2 at the bottom of the forked rod 0, and
adjustable in the same manner as the rod O. The rod O2 has a small fork at the
bottom to clip the shaft V, and is connected to the shuttle box in the same manner
as the rod O. The shuttle box Q on the right hand side of the loom is advanced
and retarded by a cam W fixed on the end of the crank shaft G, as shown in
Figure 3. The cam W works the straight arm d with a stud and bowl e, one end
of the arm having a slot working on the end of the crank shaft, and retained by a
washer and pin, the other end being connected by a joint pin to the lever f carrying
the shuttle box, the bottom of the lever f fitting loosely on the lathe sword
shaft V. This motion allows more space for the wire motion, the shuttle box
remaining stationary after traversing two thirds of the stroke of the lathe, yet
advancing and retarding with the lathe at the same rate, which allows the shuttles
to pick freely.
Thirdly. Our Invention consists of a new picking motion, the said picking motion
being worked by cams and levers from the bottom shaft in the centre of the loom.
This part of our Invention enables the loom to make two or more picks in suc-
cession from right to left or left to right, or single alternate picks, as required, and
will be better understood by reference to Figure 5 and Figure 6. The two heddle
levers, marked g and h in Figure 5, are connected at their extreme ends by two
short rods to two separate levers and fixed on two short shafts marked m and n,
having at the ends next the loom sides a lever fixed to slide the picking shafts r, r,
to and from the picking hammers when required. The two shafts m and n are
supported by a bracket from each loom side, and a centre bracket 8 from the cross
rail t. Figure 6 shows a cross section of the rail t, and bracket 8, and the levers k
and l. It will also be seen that the shafts r, r, can be worked by two levers p
and g worked by a double cam or tappet u on the spur wheel v, which is supported
by two brackets from the cross rail t. The double cam u is driven by a pinion
wheel w (having half the number of teeth in the spur wheel v) keyed on to the
bottom shaft x. By this arrangement two picks can be made in succession from
either side of the loom, or single alternate picks, as required. The picking hammers
are fixed at three centres, No. 1, left hand; No. 2, right hand; and No. 3, right and
left; that is, two picking hammers on each side of the loom.
Fourthly. Our Invention consists of improvements in the treadle box, which
consist of a pinion wheel, an intermediate wheel, and a large treadle box wheel, the
said pinion wheel being keyed on to the said new crank shafts and driving the said
intermediate wheel, which in its turn drives the large treadle box wheel.
This part of our Invention admits of a ready change from two to three or four
shot velvet, such change being made by changing the pinion wheel only, which has
heretofore necessitated the change of both pinion and large treadle box wheels. The

page_text: said intermediate wheel is carried by a bracket and stud bolted on the loom side,
and adjustable to either sized pinion wheel.
Our improvements in this respect will be seen on reference to Figure 2 in the
Drawings. a is the pinion wheel; 61, the intermediate wheel; U, the large treadle
box wheel; c, the bracket carrying the stud d'. The intermediate wheel can be
slipped in and out of gear by removing the pin and washer e¹.
The bracket c¹ for the intermediate wheel has two slots in it, one horizontal and
the other vertical, as shewn by dotted lines in Figure 2, so that the bracket c¹ may
be adjusted horizontally, and the stud d' carrying the intermediate wheel vertically
to suit either sized pinion wheels.
Lastly. Our Invention consists of improvements in the tappets in the treadle box,
the said tappets being used for manipulating the gears or healds.
This part of our Invention consists of five or more tappets for working by bowls,
levers, and rods, the gears or healds containing the warp thread, the said tappets in
conjunction with the gears making an interlocking motion of warp and weft, also an
independent back to the fabric, which gives greater strength and durability to the
said fabric.
Figure 7 and Figure 8 aro tappets for three shot, and Figure 9 and Figure 10 are
tappets for four shot velvet. Figures 7 and 9 work the gears containing the fine
chain for three and four shot respectively, and Figures 8 and 10 the back chains.
The fine chain that acts as a binding chain for the worsted is free from the back
when the shuttle containing the thick thread is thrown across, therefore the fine
chain cannot by any means come in contact with any surface to cut it and release
the worsted, which gives great strength to the fabric. Figure 11 is a tappet for
dividing the back chain when weaving 3 shot velvet. One half the chain rises at
the same time as the lash, and the other half remains up while the two shots across
the front are woven, which makes an interlocking of chain and weft and holds the
worsted fast.
"
Our Invention may be modified by placing on one side of the loom a spool or ball
of thick thread, when by means of a hook carried into the shedding at the same
time as the wire the said thick thread may be drawn in and retained by the said
hook until woven fast.
Having now fully described and ascertained the nature of our said Invention,
and in what manner the same may be carried into effect, we wish it to be under-
stood that we do not limit ourselves to the precise details hereinbefore described or
illustrated, as such details may be modified in various ways without departing from
the leading features of our Invention; but what we claim as new and desire to
secure by the herein before in part recited Letters Patent is,-
Firstly. The peculiar arrangement of and mode of working a loom for producing
velvet pile, Brussels, and tapestry carpets, and other like fabrics, made with an
independent" or additional thick back, so woven that when the said thick back
is worn out or cut it will not release the surface or front of the carpet, and also
forming a soft back or cushion to the surface, which gives the carpet additional
strength and consequent durability.
Secondly. The improved arrangement of the crank shaft G and the short shaft A,
the wheels B, C, and D, and change wheels E and F, for the purpose and in the
manner hereinbefore described and illustrated.
Thirdly. The drop shuttle box as adapted to the manufacture of Brussels and
tapestry carpets, arranged and working substantially as hereinbefore described and
illustrated.
Fourthly. The new picking motion, arranged and working substantially as herein-
before described and illustrated.
Fifthly. The improved arrangement of the wheels in the treadle box, substantially
as herein before described and illustrated,

page_text: Sixthly. The arrangement of tappets for working the gears or healds, substantially
as hereinbefore described and illustrated.
In witness whereof, I, the said Charles Hughes, for myself and the said
William Henry Bairstow, have hereunto set my hand and seal, this Twenty
seventh day of September, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight
hundred and seventy nine.
Signed, sealed, and delivered by
the above named Charles Hughes,
in the presence of
DAVID YOUNG,
23, Southampton Bldgs.,
London.
CHARLES HUGHES. (L.S.)