matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IM- PROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF AND IN APPARATUS FOR TANNING HIDES OR SKINS."
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Louis Henri Tramier at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 29th February 1876.
tt
LOUIS HENRI TRAMIER, Agent, of Marseilles, in the Republic of France.
IM-
PROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF AND IN APPARATUS FOR TANNING HIDES OR
SKINS."
The object of my Invention is to expedite the process of tanning hides or skins,
and this I accomplish by keeping the skins and the tanning liquid in motion and
by exciting the pores of the skins by means of weak acids. For my purpose I
prefer to employ carbonic acid or carbonic acid gas mixed with air, but other acids
may be used.
Carbonic acid gas resulting from the action of acids upon carbonates,
or from the combustion of fuel, or from both sources in conjunction, may be em-
ployed. When employing gases resulting from the combustion of fuel it is necessary
to employ an air pump or forcing apparatus to force air through the furnace and
the pipes immersed in the liquid. The gases are or may be washed or scrubbed in
suitable chambers or apparatus. The carbonic acid or gases are delivered through
perforated pipes arranged at the bottom of the tanks or cisterns containing the
tanning liquid. I may employ agitators to keep the liquid in motion or to increase
the agitating effect of the issuing gases.
When other acids are employed I may
force atmospheric air or gaseous, products of combustion into the said liquid. The
skins are fastened together and suspended from rollers, which are caused to revolve
so as to keep the skins in constant motion, or other suitable means may be employed
to keep the skins in motion, or if preferred the skins may not receive any constant
motion other than what would be imparted to them by the agitated tanning liquid.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN OR APPLICABLE TO THE VALVES OF BILGE AND OTHER PUMPS
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Lace at the Office of the Com-
missioners of Patents on the 22nd November 1876.
JOHN LACE, of 2, Maugham Terrace, Penarth, in the County of Glamorgan,
Engineer. "AN IMPROVEMENT IN OR APPLICABLE TO THE VALVES OF BILGE AND
OTHER PUMPS."
It is found in working bilge pumps and other pumps in which mud boxes are
not provided that the suction valves become clogged, or as it is sometimes called
the pump "gags" owing to foreign substances being drawn up with the water or
other liquid being raised and accumulating so as to choke the valves. This
especially occurs in the pumps of grain ships by the loose grain finding its way to
the pump with the bilge water and obstructing its proper working.
The object of my Invention is to remedy this, evil by attaching to or forming
with the suction valve on the bottom of its wings a plate or disc perforated with
numerous small holes which serves as a strainer to keep back the grain or other
foreign matter liable to pass into and choke the pump, whilst the return stroke
frees the outer face of the strainer of the matter adhering to it. This perforated
plate or strainer also relieves the parts of the valve of much wear arising from grit
and other matter getting between them.
The valve of the pump in some cases would require to be made somewhat shorter
than the chamber in which it works, so that when the strainer is applied nothing
may pass between the edges of the strainer and the wings of the valve.
IMPROVEMENTS IN COCKS OR VALVES FOR GAS FIT- TINGS
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Lawrence Wildy at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 10th October 1876.
WILLIAM LAWRENCE WILDY, of Martin's Lane, Cannon Street, in the County
of Middlesex, Engineer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN COCKS OR VALVES FOR GAS FIT-
TINGS."
My Invention relates to improvements in cocks or valves for gas fittings, and
consists in placing in an elbow, swivel, branch, or any convenient place in a gas
bracket, gaselier or pendant, or in the pipe leading to the burners, a suitably con-
structed plug or tap bored for the passage of gas, and around which, in the line
of the gas way, I make a shallow groove only large enough for a minimum quantity
of gas to pass. By turning the plug the gas flame is either raised or lowered,
according to the position of the gas way, but in no case is it possible to extinguish
the gas, and the light must be turned down as low as practicable with safety.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PORTLAND CEMENT
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Andrew Gibbons at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 20th November 1876.
ROBERT ANDREW GIBBONS, of Grove House, Northfleet, in the County of Kent.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PORTLAND CEMENT."
According to my Invention, instead of washing the chalk and clay of which
Portland cement is composed by wash mills in the ordinary way, or according to
the process described in the Specification, to Goreham's Patent, No. 1963, of 1870, I
take the chalk and clay in the state in which they are dug from the pit, and
without adding water I pass them together through a series of incorporating rollers
of any suitable known construction, whereby the two substances are so thoroughly
ground and incorporated that the resulting compound in the form of a stiff paste
or pug can be taken direct to the drying floors, where it is rapidly dried, and then
burnt in the kilns in the usual way.
If desired the paste or pug can be moulded into bricks or other required shapes
before drying.
The saving of labor by my above described improved process of manufacture is
very great as compared to the processes now in use.
IMPROVEMENTS IN FASTENERS FOR BAGS, PORTMANTEAUS, BOXES, AND OTHER ARTICLES."
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Carl Lange at the Office of the Com-
missioners of Patents on the 3rd March 1876.
CARL LANGE, of Holborn, in the County of Middlesex.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN
FASTENERS FOR BAGS, PORTMANTEAUS, BOXES, AND OTHER ARTICLES."
The object of this Invention is to provide a secure fastening particularly
applicable for travelling bags and portmanteaus, whereby the frames of same are
simultaneously secured inside at the ends as well as at the middle.
The Invention consists in the employment of a tube extending the distance or
nearly so from each end of the frames to be fastened. This tube is mounted and
supported at its ends in bearings secured to frame, on which it has a certain amount
of lateral motion or play. The tube is slotted at those parts where the fastenings
are to be made which come opposite catches secured to the opposite side of the
frame. At one or both ends of the tube there is a spiral spring which presses or
tends to press the tube up against one of its end bearings. There is a wedge or
other suitably shaped bolt in the middle of the frame with spring to keep same
raised, except when pressure is applied to the finger piece in the ordinary way.
Below the bolt and corresponding therewith there is a slot in the tube, so that by
pushing down the wedge shaped bolt into the said slot the tube is caused to move
Interally, and by this means to allow the catches in the frame to be withdrawn from
the corresponding slots in the tubo. By pressing or bringing the two parts of the
frame together the catches pressing against the tube cause the same to slide laterally
as aforesaid and to enter the slots therein, this done the spring or springs is or are
released, and the fastenings are made, which cannot be undone until the wedge
shaped bolt is depressed. The bolt is locked by the lock bolt shooting into same.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR HEATING AND DRYING
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Edward Wilson at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 12th February 1876.
"6
THOMAS EDWARD WILSON, of Lille, France, Engineer. IMPROVEMENTS IN
APPARATUS FOR HEATING AND DRYING."
My improved apparatus consists of a spiral chamber made of sheet metal or other
material which is heated by steam or hot water. This chamber may be made in one
piece or in sections connected together or otherwise, and the air to be heated is
supplied to the space between the spiral coils of the chamber either from the centre
or from the outside circumference, the current of air to be heated may be promoted
by the aid of a fan or other equivalent, or by exhaustion. The ends of the apparatus
are made up by side plates either fixed or movable; when movable, I apply spiral
flanges to the side plates corresponding to the shape of the spiral chamber, so that
when drawn out the width of the apparatus is increased. In drying woven fabrics
or warps they are taken around guide rollers or rods, either partially or wholly
surrounding the spiral chamber; and if it be necessary to dry the fabrics to a
uniform width the selvages can be held by chains of pins or clamps of the usual
construction; or the fabrics or warps may be introduced at the centre of the
apparatus, and carried between the spiral coils of the chamber to the outside, or
vice versa.
The above described apparatus may be used for drying grain and other sub-
stances, or for heating buildings and for other purposes.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE AND ORNAMENTA- TION OF THE HANDLES OF UMBRELLAS, PARASOLS, SUNSHADES, WALKING-STICKS, AND OTHER LIKE ARTICLES
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Watson at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 7th February 1876.
JOHN WATSON, of No. 27, Watling Street, in the City of London, Umbrella and
Parasol Manufacturer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE AND ORNAMENTA-
TION OF THE HANDLES OF UMBRELLAS, PARASOLS, SUNSHADES, WALKING-STICKS,
AND OTHER LIKE ARTICLES."
My Invention consists, firstly, in making the handles of umbrellas, parasols,
sunshades, walking-sticks, and other like articles of paper or papier mâché.
According to one method of carrying my Invention into effect I paste a number
of strips of paper together around a mandril, the said strips being of such relative
widths as to form when so pasted together a handle of the general shape required,
which handle I then bring to the exact shape and thickness required by coating it
with several coats of the black plastic composition used in the manufacture of
papier mâché goods. The mandril being then withdrawn leaves a socket in which
the upper end of the umbrella stick or other article is fixed.
According to another method I make the said articles of papier mâché pressed or
moulded into the required form. I do not limit myself however to the modes of
manufacture described.
Handles made in either of the ways described may be ornamented according to
my Invention by inlaying them with mother-of-pearl, metal, or other ornaments,
such ornaments being glued on the said handles before they are coated with the
black composition aforesaid, which when it has become hard is scraped away
sufficiently to expose the said ornaments; or the said handles may have any desired
devices painted on them after being coated with the black composition aforesaid.
The methods of ornamentation described are applicable also to the ordinary
wooden handles of umbrellas, parasols, sunshades, walking-sticks, and other like
articles.
Handles made of paper or papier mâché are stronger than the ordinary handles
and can be made in a great variety of ornamental forms.
IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF FLOORS, CEILINGS, PILLARS, AND COLUMNS OF BUILDINGS
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Hagues, John Wright, and
Tom Wray at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 17th May
1876.
EDWARD HAGUES, Cement and Concrete Layer, JOHN WRIGHT, Gentleman, and
"IMPROVEMENTS
TOM WRAY, Joiner, all three of Bradford, in the County of York.
IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF FLOORS, CEILINGS, PILLARS, AND COLUMNS OF
BUILDINGS."
Our Invention relates to constructing floors and ceilings fire-proof, and laid down
flat between girders or joists, and made of concrete, giving durability, strength, and
a great saving in the cost of construction.
For this purpose the concrete is composed of gypsum and Portland cements,
broken bricks, calcined cinders and coke or other suitable porous materials in pro-
portions suitable to the particular purpose and according to requirements.
Between the iron girders or joists constructed four or five feet apart we fix wood
centres, on which we lay the compound or concrete, and remove them when the
concrete is set, by these means we make the floor and ceiling flat and in one mass,
which is very strong, tough, durable, fire-proof, and cheap.
We also construct pillars and columns for supporting the girders or joists with
similar compounded concrete to that herein-before described, and we set the bottom
parts of the pillars and columns in ordinary concrete, by these means we produce
strong, durable, and cheap pillars and columns which are fire-proof.
.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR RAISING AND DIS- CHARGING LIQUIDS, THE SAID APPARATUS BEING APPLICABLE TO EVERY MATTER AND THING WHERE THE SAME IS OF PRACTICAL UTILITY
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Copplestone Rice and James
Alexander Walker at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 6th
June 1876.
GEORGE COPPLESTONE RICE, of No. 10, Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the County of
Middlesex, and of 367, Camden Road, in the County of Middlesex, Gentleman, and
JAMES ALEXANDER WALKER, of 40, Campbell Road, Bow, in the aforesaid County,
Consulting Engineer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR RAISING AND DIS-
CHARGING LIQUIDS, THE SAID APPARATUS BEING APPLICABLE TO EVERY MATTER
AND THING WHERE THE SAME IS OF PRACTICAL UTILITY."
For this we construct one or more toothed wheels, the movement of them being
nctuated by a coil or other spring or springs. The said spring or springs when
wound up are acted upon as a motive power by the pressing or raising of a button
or plug. The said plug or button when exerted to movement by inanual force
disengages a small spindle or shaft, the said spindle or shaft working on a pivot
almits of the spring exerting the toothed wheel or wheels to retation, and the said
wheel in perforining the necessary revolutions works a crank which is affixed to a
beam on a centre, and by the combined movements of the said spring, wheel, and
crank the crank actuates an horizontal beam which works on a centre near its end
adjacent to the said crank. The other end is attached by a pivot to the piston or
rod of the pump. It will thus be obvious that when the wheel rotates the horizontal
shaft takes movement from the crank. The rod or piston of the pump is moved
up and down in a vertical direction, and the liquor is raised and discharged from
the cask.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE FURNITURE OF UMBRELLAS, PARASOLS, AND SUNSHADES
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel Townsend at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 25th January 1876.
"
SAMUEL TOWNSEND, of No. 5, Derwent Villas, Grove Vale, East Dulwich, in the
County of Surrey. AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE FURNITURE OF UMBRELLAS, PARASOLS,
AND SUNSHADES."
ور
According to my Invention the tube of the runner is extended in length to
receive a "tip cap" on the end of it farthest from the wheel.
The "tip cap is
capable of sliding freely for a short distance on this end of the runner without
being acted upon by spring, and the extent of its motion on the runner in either
direction is determined by raised rings. By such combination of the "tip cap"
with the tube of the runner wheel increased convenience in use together with
improved appearance are obtained.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE SHUTTLES OF LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Jabez Kershaw at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 4th February 1876.
JABEZ KERSHAW, of 35, Shipley Fields Road, Frizinghall, Bradford, in the County
of York. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE SHUTTLES OF LOOMS FOR WEAVING."
My said Invention relates to the shuttles of looms for weaving, and consists in
the peculiar construction of the tongue, pin, or pike, which holds the spool or
bobbin, and in the method of fixing the same in the shuttle.
In the ordinary shuttles of looms for weaving the tongue or pike is jointed or
pivoted in the shuttle, and has to be raised on its joint or pivot to allow the
bobbin to be removed and replaced. This jointed or pivoted tongue is very liable
to become loose, so that it will not keep the bobbin properly in place, and con-
sequently the shuttles require constant supervision and frequent repairs.
According to my Invention I provide the shuttle with a tongue, pike, or pin,
which without being lifted or adjusted on a hinge or joint, permits the ready
removal and replacing of the bobbin. This improved tongue as applied to a shuttle
used for ordinary work has a square portion or head which is fitted in the wood of
the shuttle and securely fixed therein by pins or otherwise. From this square
portion or head extends a round portion of a diameter suitable for the internal
diameter of the spool or bobbin to be placed thereon. From this round part of the
tongue extends a spring which is either formed solidly with the other part of the
tongue, or fixed thereon in any suitable manner; the said spring terminates with a
nib of the ordinary form for retaining the spool or bobbin in its horizontal position
in the shuttle. This spring curved upward at its extremity, and its elasticity
is such that it will readily permit the removal and replacing of the spool or bobbin,
but will assume its normal position when the bobbin is removed, and when the
spool or bobbin is in the shuttle will press against the same with sufficient force to
retain it securely in the shuttle.
It is obvious that my Invention may be readily applied or adapted to any forin
of shuttle used in looms for weaving.
NEW OR IMPROVED METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR OBTAINING LIGHT BY ELECTRICITY
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Griffith Brewer at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 2nd September 1876. A communi-
cation from abroad by Emmanuel Etienne Sanchez Facio, of Paris, France.
EDWARD GRIFFITH BREWER, of Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex.
"NEW OR IMPROVED METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR OBTAINING LIGHT BY
ELECTRICITY." A communication from abroad by Emmanuel Etienne Sanchez
Facio, of Paris, France.
This Invention consists in the application and employment, as hereafter described,
of electrical means or apparatus for obtaining light, and for showing light on any
desired object, for example, on a watch or clock face, or sticks and the like.
In order to describe how the Invention may be carried into effect, I will, for the
sake of illustration, suppose the Invention applied to a watch; the watch is united
by a chain to a link bar, which may be placed in a button hole, another
chain communicates with a pile which may be carried in the waistcoat pocket; to
the link bar another chain is attached in communication with a receptacle or box
containing wick, and a "Gessler" tube, which will transmit the spark produced by
the electricity.
It will be understood that the pile will transmit its action by means of chains or
the like to the box which may be used or not, that is to say, for obtaining a light,
so that by placing the watch close to the box aforesaid, the time can be easily seen
in the dark. In the above described arrangement it will be seen that an ordinary
watch is described as being provided with a chain, and that the apparatus forming
the subject of this Invention is composed of other conducting chains coming from
the pile, and of a receiver which may be perfectly independent, the receiver being
provided with a wick or bobbin, and the receiver may be made like a locket or
other article if desired; communication between pile and locket or other article
may be produced by means of a button or other suitable appliance placed in any
convenient position. The chains may be formed or composed of two wires and
surrounded by insulating material, which latter may be covered with some precious
metal or other material as fancy or taste may dictate.
In some cases the lighting material may be carried by the watch itself: instead
of bringing the light producing organs close together, or to the watch or other
article the pile and bobbin may converge, in fact, the light generating apparatus

page_text: may be provided with a case to hold the watch or other object to be lighted up in
such manner that the glass which covers the aforesaid case will receive the action of
the lighting tube containing the "Gessler" tube, and the case itself will be inde-
pendent of the object to be lighted.
Independent cases may be used for holding different articles united or not to 5
chatelaines which may be ornamented with stones or otherwise.
The electrical apparatus aforesaid may be applied to other articles besides those
mentioned, such as compasses, barometers, thermometors, and other instruments
and articles.
IMPROVED BREAD OR FOOD FOR CATTLE AND MORE ESPECIALLY FOR HORSES
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Germain Barbaudy at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 4th May 1876.
"
GERMAIN BARBAUDY, senior, of Bordeaux, in the Republic of France.
IMPROVED BREAD OR FOOD FOR CATTLE AND MORE ESPECIALLY FOR HORSES."
"AN
The object of this Invention is the manufacture of an improved bread or food for
cattle, such improved bread or food being particularly suitable for horses, and which
may also be employed with advantago as a substitute for the biscuits so much in
use for feeding dogs.
$
The advantages of this improved bread or food are, the low cost at which it can
be manufactured, and its high nutritive and fattening qualities as compared with
the present substances or different kinds of food hitherto employed for feeding and
fattening animals, its strength giving qualities to draught animals, and its economy.
The improved bread or food is composed of the following substances, videlicet:-
Flour of hard wheat about seventy-five parts; bran of hard wheat about five parts;
middlings of soft wheat about ten parts; middlings of hard wheat about five parts;
resillon or coarse flour of soft wheat about four parts; and common salt about one
part. These proportions may be varied according to circumstances.
These substances are well mixed together in a kneading trough, and are then
manufactured into loaves or cakes and then baked in the usual manner.
AN IMPROVED DETACHING HOOK FOR LOWERING BOATS AT SEA, AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Frederick Adams at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 12th April 1876.
WILLIAM FREDERICK ADAMS, of 5, Henrietta St., Cavendish Square, in the
County of Middlesex. "AN IMPROVED DETACHING HOOK FOR LOWERING BOATS
AT SEA, AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES."
This Invention consists of a forked frame having at its upper part an eye, to
which a block can be attached; the lower part carries between the forks a U shaped
hook, which is secured by a pin passing through the two sides of the fork and the
lower part of the U shaped hook. One arm of the U when the hook is locked
lays in the forked recess. Another bar pivotted on the side of the forked frame
can be brought across this arm of the U, keeping it in position. The pivotted bar
is in its turn kept in position by any suitable catch, to which may be attached a
lanyard for releasing the hook when required. When this catch is withdrawn the
rope or ring upon the U shaped hook causes the hook to partially revolve on its
pin, and throwing back the pivotted bar allows any rope or ring which may be in
the hook to be instantly released.
The hook herein before described is also applicable for hoisting and detaching
other weights, and for towing purposes.
NEW OR IMPROVED MACHINERY FOR MAKING PAPER BAGS
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Lyle Nelson at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 21st September 1876. A communication
from abroad by George Henry Mallary, of New York, State of New York,
United States of America.
LYLE NELSON, of Cecil Street, Strand, in the County of Middlesex. “NEW OR
IMPROVED MACHINERY FOR MAKING PAPER BAGS."
This Invention relates to bag making machinery, wherein the paper having been
fed in a continuous sheet by and between a couple of rollers, a third roller working
within a receptacle containing paste spreads a layer of paste upon one edge of the
paper, the proper quantity of paper to form a bag is severed from the sheet, one of
the sides is folded over a former, and the side that has been pasted is folded over it.
The partially formed bag passes on, is pasted across near its bottom, the fold for
the bottom lap is made, and as the bag passed out between a pair of rollers the
bottom fold is pressed into place.
The details of construction may be varied without departure from the essential
characteristics of the Invention.
AN IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR CATCHING FISH OR GAME
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Robert Lake at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 19th October 1876. A communication
from abroad by Benjamin Franklin Smith, Miller, and William Kerr Bowman,
Provision Dealer, both of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of
America.
WILLIAM ROBERT LAKE, of the Firm of Haseltine, Lake, & Co., Patent Agents,
Southampton Buildings, London. "AN IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR CATCHING FISH
OR GAME." A communication.
This Invention relates to the peculiar construction and combination of parts
herein-after set forth.
The said apparatus has a sliding shank or bar terminating in a disc, in the centre of
which is pivoted a latch. Hooks are secured to the lower ring of a crown and pass
through openings in the said disc. The said crown is composed of a ring, disc, and
connecting ribs, the said disc having an oblong slot for the passage of the shank.
A spiral spring surrounds the shank, and has a tendency to push the first named
disc in the direction of the points of the hooks, and cause the latter to close.
or dog is fastened to the crown disc, and is provided with a lip, which engages with
the short end of the latch when the device is "set."
A bar
The bait holder terminates in a hooked end being pivoted at its opposite extremity
to the first named disc; this holder is bent to forni an angle so as to engage with
the latch.
To set the trap compress the spring by bringing the said disc and ring towards
each other, until the lip passes over the lower end of the latch, the other extremity
of said latch resting in the angle of the bait holder. As soon as a fish or other
animal displaces the holder by taking the bait, the latch is liberated from engage-
ment with the lip of the dog; the spring causes the disc and ring to move apart,
bringing the points of the hooks together and firmly securing the game or fish,
which in most instances will be instantly killed, and thereby prevented from
enduring prolonged pain. A ring is provided by which this device may be hung
from or secured to a tree, branch, or fishing line, according to the exigency of the
circumstances under which it is employed.
IMPROVEMENTS IN RAILWAY SIGNALS
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William George Colechin at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 4th February 1876.
WILLIAM GEORGE COLECHIN, C.E., of No. 7, North Broad Street, Warwick.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN RAILWAY SIGNALS."
My Invention consists of improvements in railway signals. It is proposed to
construct such signals as follows:--The post to have a hole or slot cut through it,
about 2 feet long vertically and 4 inches wide horizontally, for the arms or signals
to work in: The pin or pivot that holds the arms in the post shall be fixed
horizontally about 4 inches up the slot, and through the centre line of tho post, and
may be steel or wrought iron, about one inch diameter to fit the gun metal boss in
the arms.
The signal arms to be about 3 feet 6 inches long, 9 inches wide at large
overhanging end, and 6 inches wide at small pivot end, and about quarter of an inch
thick (if of iron), and if of any other weighty material. The overhanging part is to
be of such weight that it shall weigh down and overcome the weight of the vertical
rod (from the crank at foot to the crank on signal), so that if all or any of the rods
or wires break it will fall to a horizontal position and there rest on the bottom of
the slot in the post, or whatever represents the bottom of the slot.
The large overhanging end shall be raised to a vertical position, or nearly so, by
means of a crank to be fixed at the extreme top corner of the small pivot end or
side crank at pivot, which pivot or pin will pass through the signal arms about four
inches from the crank in a centre line of the arms, and the whole shall be worked
by iron rods and wires from the signalman ; and near the bottom of the signal post
shall be fixed a counterpoise or weighted lever to counterbalance all the weight of
the wire from the signalman to the post.
When signals are used without posts, and those attached on walls and such like
places, the pivot or pin shall be so fixed that it shall have the same relative position
to the bottom of chain or the bracket (or on whatever the arm rests) as the pin in
the post has to the bottom of the slot, so that the signal arm shall stand out and
rest in a horizontal position if all the rods and wires are broken.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF STREET TRAMWAYS
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Gustave Lindemann at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 10th February 1876.
GUSTAVE LINDEMANN, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Engineer.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF STREET TRAMWAYS."
My Invention consists firstly in a method of constructing the rails, whereby a
hold is afforded for the feet of horses, and the wheels of vehicles are prevented from
being twisted as is now the case. For this purpose I extend the rails laterally and
form corrugations or other such indentations on their outward sides, and the base
of these corrugations as well as that of others now in use I form at an angle so that
nails may be driven through them extending to some extent crosswise into the
supporting timber.
When longitudinal timber is employed as a sleeper I form it in two parts as
regards its cross section, whereby I am enabled to break the joints longitudinally,
and one of these parts I cause to project beyond the other to form an abutment for
the rail.
Another part of my Invention consists in the construction of a continuous girder
rail. For this purpose I use a girder formed of two rolled plates, which are kept
apart by a projection or projections at the upper and lower parts thereof, but drawn
together by means of bolts. The upper part of the girder so formed constitutes the
rail on which the wheels run, and the lower part a foot which may be supported by
stone or timber.
I propose to make the aforesaid projecting part of one plate extend into a recess
formed in the other. The two girders of the trainway inay be tied together by
rods.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ORNAMENTAL SCREENS FOR GRATES, FIRE-PLACES, STOVES, AND OTHER SIMILAR ARTICLES
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Metcalf at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 24th August 1876.
WILLIAM METCALF, of the City of Manchester, Engineer "IMPROVEMENTS IN
ORNAMENTAL SCREENS FOR GRATES, FIRE-PLACES, STOVES, AND OTHER SIMILAR
ARTICLES."
This Invention consists in the employment of a frame corresponding in shape to
the fire-grate, stove, or other place or aperture requiring to be screened, and over
which frame a netting is stretched, such netting being composed of wire, or of
cotton, silk, or other suitable fibrous material. This distended netting forms a back
ground or basis for ornamentation, either for painting designs direct upon the
surface of the netting or for attaching paper or other suitable ornaments to such
surface.
As applied to screening fire-places this Invention possesses the advantage of not
only forming an ornamental screen, having all the appearance of transparency
between the ornamentation, but at the same time owing to its open texture it
presents no hindrance to ventilation.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BOBBIN NET LACE AND IN THE APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Henry Johnson at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 16th December 1876.
JOHN HENRY JOHNSON, of 47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the County of Middlesex,
Gentleman. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BOBBIN NET LACE
AND IN THE APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN." A communication from abroad by
Etienne Molin, of Paris, in the Republic of France.
This Invention relates to the manufacture of what is known as bobbin net gimp
lace, and has for its object imparting to it a novel and peculiar appearance.
The Invention may be carried out by the employment of the same machines as
are used for the production of ordinary bobbin net lace, but such machines are
caused to work under different conditions as herein after explained.
The alteration consists in causing the jacquard mechanisin to make two move-
ments for every revolution of the machine, whilst hitherto it has been the practice
to make oue movement only for every revolution of the machine in the manufacture
of bobbin net lace, and it is essential that these two movements or motions of the
jacquard should be combined with the motions of the bars or bolts, and of the
pickers, as well as with the action of the locker bars, in such a manner that the
Ince manufactured according to this Invention is formed with various holes, webs,
and designs produced by variations in the harness, and having a wholly different
aspect from that of the bobbin net gimp lace produced by the ordinary process of
manufacture.
The unembossed work may be formed in two "gates," "false three gates," or
"false four gates," as desired. By the term "gate" is understood the space existing
between two bars of the frame, and by the term "false three gates," or "false four
gates," for example, is intended the arrangement of the unembossed work in which
one edge of the unembossed work is only half covered with thread.
In the arrangement termed "false three gates" the thread lies loose or floats
over the extent of two meshes, whilst in the arrangement termed "false four gates"
it floats over an extent of three meshes.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF ROLLER SKATE
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel Sealy Allin at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 11th November 1876.
SAMUEL SEALY ALLIN, of 71, Cadogan Place, in the County of Middlesex.
"CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF ROLLER SKATE."
The Invention relates to that description of skate used on rinks, artificial ice, or
other smooth surface, and is designed for the purpose of enabling the user thereof
to perform with ease any movement or gyration desired on surfaces of limited
area or to attain a high speed with little exertion.
The improvements consist in first mounting the axles of the rollers or runners
front and back to the stock of the skate by jointed vertical studs, the lower pendant
portions of which form pivots and support the roller axles. The free transverse
and vertical oscillatory motion, which the axles are thus enabled to make, I govern
by means of inclined guide curves secured to the stock at points equidistant on
either side the pivot of the axle. Springs I also employ, which in their normal
state maintain the said axles in a position directly transverse to the length of the
stock, their pressure on the axles being regulated by set screws or their equivalents.
A modification of the above arrangement of mechanism designed for enabling the
skater to perform gyrations or curves by a side pressure of the foot may be obtained
by simply mounting the axles on curved springs secured to the stock in such a
position that their opposite ends will bare uniformly on the axles near the inner
surface of each roller. The axles thus supported enable the rollers to adjust their
positions readily, and with the greatest nicety to the varying pressures of the foot,
so as to assume the positions necessary for describing the desired curves.
The yield or movement of each spring is regulated so as to withstand the
maximum of pressure, the extent of depression being governed by stops secured to
the stock.
.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF HATS AND CAPS
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by. William Henry Green at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 5th May 1876.
WILLIAM HENRY GREEN, of Birmingham,' in the County of Warwick, Machinist.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF HATS AND CAPS."
My Invention consists in the employment of a looking glass or mirror of suitable
size and shape, secured or attached to the inner side of the top of the hat or cap,
or in any other convenient position upon the inside of the hat or cap.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR BURNING HYDROCARBONS FOR LIGHTING AND HEATING PURPOSES
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alfred David Turner at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 6th October 1876.
ALFRED DAVID TURNER, of Dalston, in the County of Middlesex, Engineer.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR BURNING HYDROCARBONS FOR LIGHTING AND
HEATING PURPOSES."
The object of my Invention is to construct apparatus for burning hydrocarbons
with safety, economy, cleanliness, and regularity of flame.
The Invention primarily consists of a particular construction of burner, pre-
ferably in the form of a hollow cone or cylinder closed at the top, and which fits
or is placed upon a pipe to which the oil or hydrocarbon is supplied, the said
cone or cylinder being pierced with any desired number of holes in rows or
otherwise to form jets. The Invention also consists in the combination, as herein-
after described, of an oil reservoir on the principle of a "bird fountain," with a
burner or burners placed at such a distance therefrom that the reservoir is quite out
of contact with the flame or burners.
In carrying out my Invention I employ an oil reservoir on the principle of a bird
fountain; this reservoir fits into an oil chamber from which a pipe or pipes are con-
veyed to one or more burners, the oil in the chamber being uniformly maintained by
means of the bird fountain, as is well understood, at the level of the first row of
holes in the burners. The portion of the pipe to which the burner is fitted is
vertical, and is filled with suitable material, by preference asbetos, to act as a
regulator.
The burner, which is of the form before described, is placed over the vertical por-
tion of the pipe, and its height can be adjusted by means of an inclined slot and
pin, or by any other suitable means. When the burner is at its lowest point, its
upper closed end rests upon the top of the pipe and prevents all escape of gas from
the oil. When on the other hand the burner is raised, and a match or other flame
is applied to the holes, the heat causes an evaporation of the oil or generation of
gas, for the burner which passing down between the pipe and the burner, becomes
ignited at the holes before described in the form of jets; the generation of gas for
the burners is kept up by the heat of the burning gas so long as the burner is in its
raised position, and the amount of gas, and consequently the flame, can be regulated
by adjusting the height of the burner.

page_text: To apply my Invention as before described to lamps or to stoves, or other heating
appliances, any ordinary and suitable apparatus will be combined therewith.
For heating furnaces, instead of the burner before described, I form the holes or
jets in horizontal pipes arranged in rows, rings, or otherwise, and filled with
asbestos to act as a regulator. These pipes are in communication with a bird
fountain reservoir placed at such a level as to keep the pipes filled with oil
without its overflowing.
IMPROVEMENTS IN NECKTIES AND FASTENERS
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George John Goodwin at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 4th March 1876.
GEORGE JOHN GOODWIN, of 67, Strand, in the City of Westminster, Necktie and
Cravat Manufacturer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN NECKTIES AND FASTENERS."
In cutting out and making up neckties at present their fronts are cut in strips
and placed crossways one over the other, and a special piece is cut to form the
knot.
The improvements have for their object the sewing of the special knot piece, and
consist in so stitching or otherwise holding down either one or both of the strip
pieces when placed crossways on and over the other that the piece of stuff 80
to bo covered may be wanting, removed, or otherwise sewed to serve and form the
knot piece.
The improvements are applicable also to reversible neckties.
The improvements in fasteners for neckties, reversible or otherwise, consist in the
formation of a tab piece of any convenient and pliable material of suitable shape,
with one or more holes cut therein or spaces cut therefrom, together with a hinged
fastener working therein, said fastener being flat shaped or curved and serving to
jam and hold the band of the necktie when inserted in and between it and the holes
or spaces above mentioned, in lieu of fixing the band on or by the spiked tab at
present in use.
THE MANUFACTURE OF A NEW FIBROUS MATERIAL TO BE USED FOR PAPER PULP AND OTHER LIKE PURPOSES."
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Buchanan at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 11th October 1876.
GEORGE BUCHANAN, of No. 6, Vicarage Gardens, Kensington, in the County of
Middlesex. "THE MANUFACTURE OF A NEW FIBROUS MATERIAL TO BE USED FOR
PAPER PULP AND OTHER LIKE PURPOSES."
According to this Invention I employ the stems of the helianthus tuberosus or
turnsol, commonly known as the Jerusalem artichoke, for the manufacture of a
fibrous material which may be used as paper pulp, or for other purposes to which
such products are applicable.
The stems of the above-named plant are operated on for this purpose when they
are ripened, or partially so, as indicated by their beginning to change colour. When
they are reaped, I pass them lengthwise between crushing rollers, and I cut them
into lengths and tear them into fragments by any known machinery suitable for
such purposes; I then soak the fragments in a bath of lime, preferably heated, until
the non-fibrous matters are separated, a result which is approximately indicated by
the sinking of the fragments. After treatment in the lime bath; the material,
which is then in the condition of a fibrous mass, is washed and dried, and may be
beaten and bleached if desired, in the manner usually adopted in preparing pulps.
Other alkaline substances may be used instead of lime, but I prefer the latter on
account of its cheapness, and because it is less likely to injure the fibres. In
washing the fibres dilute acid may be employed to neutralise the alkali; the stems,
before treatment in the alkaline bath may be soaked in water for the extraction of
saccharine matter, which may be fermented and distilled; the ingredients of the
spent bath can be used as manure.
The tubers of the plant may be advantageously used for the production of sac-
charine matter or alcoholic spirit; for the latter purpose the tubers may be sliced
or grated, and the juice, extracted by pressure or infusion can be fermented and
distilled. The spent liquor, after distillation, may be used for the production of
potash. I make however no claim to such treatment of the tubers.
A CERTAIN IMPROVEMENT OR IMPROVEMENTS APPLICABLE TO THE BACK SIGHTS OF RIFLES AND OTHER GUNS."
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Furey at the Office of the Com-
missioners of Patents on the 9th February 1876.
JAMES FUREY, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Engraver. "A
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENT OR IMPROVEMENTS APPLICABLE TO THE BACK SIGHTS OF
RIFLES AND OTHER GUNS."
In rifle practice it is often necessary for the shooter to lie on his back, or on his
chest, or to take some posture different from an upright one in discharging his piece,
and thus, especially in the case of inexperienced shooters, the back sight is liable to
assume an untrue position without the shooters knowledge, and so his aim becomes
necessarily imperfect.
The object of this Invention is to remedy this defect, and to enable the shooter to
know whether his back sight is or is not in a truly vertical position. This is done
by attaching to the sliding bar on the back side of the sight a piece of metal,
V shaped at its top, and properly weighted at its lower end. This said metal piece
is hung or suspended on the sliding bar in such manner that it may freely oscillate
by means of a pin, which is permanently attached to the back side of the said
sliding bar, and the upper V end of this oscillating piece of metal corresponding
exactly in size and shape to the V of the sliding bar, it will be evident that when
the back sight is in a truly vertical position the said oscillating piece of metal will
not be seen, but when the sight is out of position either to the right or to the left,
the said oscillating piece of metal will appear across the V in the sliding bar, and
thus the shooter will be warned that his aim will be untrue.
I protect the said pendulum or oscillating piece of metal from the effect of the
wind by suitable metal projections or coverings, or by other convenient or equivalent
means.
IMPROVEMENTS APPLICABLE TO OR TO BE USED WITH DRINKING VESSELS, SUCII FOR INSTANCE AS THOSE KNOWN AS TUMBLERS
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Quin at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 15th February 1876.
RICHARD QUIN, of Poland Street, Oxford Street, in the County of Middlesex,
trading under the style or firm of Moran and Quin, Jewellery Case Makers.
"IMPROVEMENTS APPLICABLE TO OR TO BE USED WITH DRINKING VESSELS, SUCII FOR
INSTANCE AS THOSE KNOWN AS TUMBLERS."
The object of this Invention is to enable glasses or vessels, such for instance as
tumblers, when of similar size to be packed one within the other, so that they will
be little liable to the danger of being broken when so packed as at present.
I carry my Invention into effect, by preference, by forming, by moulding, casting,
or otherwise round the inner surface of the glass or vessel which tapers to the
bottom a ridge or projection, such ridge or projection being situate preferably near
to the bottom of said glass or vessel. In this case the glasses or vessels when
being packed are placed one within the other, the bottom of each glass or vessel
resting on the ridge or projection in the glass or vessel underneath, thus avoiding
all lateral pressure to the sides of the said glass or vessel. Or instead of the above,
the ridge or projection may be placed outside of the said glass or vessel, each glass
or vessel resting on the top rim of the glass underneath; or the ridge or projection
on the inner surface of the glass or vessel may be made separate from the glass or
vessel itself, and in this case glasses are constructed as at present, and the ridge or
projection (formed to the shape of the glass), and made of any suitable material,
is introduced inside the glass or vessel, and the glasses or vessels packed as above
described.