IMPROVEMENTS IN PLOWS
Year: 1885

page_text: I GEORGE BURDET CASADAY, of Hudson Township, in the County of La Porte,
and State of Indiana, in the United States of America, gentleman, do hereby
declare the nature of my invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PLOWS" and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in
and by the following statement :—
Fig. 13, a side elevation.
Fig. 14 a side elevation of a modification.
Figs. 15, 16, and 17 are details.
My invention relates to certain improvements in that class of plows having
reversible cutting or wearing edges. It consists essentially in providing a plow
with a reversible shin or cutter having two opposite wearing faces and cutting
edges, a hollow reversible point and a hollow reversible wing fitted on a wing-
bearing on the standard.
The particular construction and arrangement of the various parts of my invention
I will now proceed to point out and describe.
In the drawings:-
A, is the standard, B, the mold board having on its underside slotted bosses, a, a¹,
which receive and hold the heads of the attaching bolts, b.
The slots in the bosses, a a¹, open in opposite directions, a³, a³, are slotted bosses
opening in opposite directions and adapted to hold the heads of the bolts by which
the handles are attached.
The lower edge of the mold-board is formed in a straight line, and when secured
to the standard forms a shoulder against which the upper edge of the working face
of the wing or share bears.
C, is the landside provided with slotted bosses, c, c¹, on its inner side, which
receive and hold the heads of the bolts, c², by which the landside is attached to the
standard. The slots in the bosses, c, c', open in opposite directions. Suitable
depressions can be made in the standard to receive the bosses on the mold board
and landside, D, is a bearing or nose formed upon the lower end or foot of the
standard, d, is a shoulder on the underside of said bearing, E, is a reversible point
made with similarly tapered opposite wearing faces, e e¹, of any desired shape to
Buit the class of plows on which it is to be used, said opposite faces being identical
in form.

page_text: -
The opposite sides of the point are plane surfaces nearly parallel to each other
and are provided with notches, e, for a purpose hereinafter set forth.
Said point is made with a socket, F, which conforms to the shape of the
bearing, D, and is adapted to fit on said bearing.
The rear edges of said point rest against and form a perfect joint with the
shoulder, d, lower edge of the cutter or mold-board when used on plows not
having a removable cutter, and the forward end of the landside. When adjusted,
one side of the point is flush and in a plane with the outer face of the landside and
its upper working face conforms to the shape of the cutter and mold-board, f, are
shoulders on the mouth of the socket. The bearing, D, extends down nearly to
the end of the point, greatly reducing the leverage on said point and strengthening
the standard. This construction of the bearing D, is preferred when used with
cast plows.
A similar bearing can be formed upon a wrought iron standard or it may be
made upon the extreme lower end of the beam used with steel plows.
G, is a long wedge-shaped wing bearing on the foot of the standard, g, is a
shoulder on the underside of the bearing; The lower straight edge of the mold
board forming a similar shoulder on the upper side of the bearing, G, said mold-
board being the same distance from the lower edge of the bearing as the
shoulder, g.
gl, is a slot between the bearings, D and G, g², is a notch located about the
center of the bearing G, and 93, is a bolt hole extending through to the inner side
of the standard, H, is a reversible wing or share, having two opposite corresponding
wearing faces, h, is a longitudinal slot in said wing extending nearly down to its
lower edge conforming to the shape of the bearing, G, and adapted to fit snugly on
said bearing. As the bearing, G, extends down almost to the cutting edge of the
wing, said wing can be made very light.
The diagonally opposite edges, h', are straight and incline inward toward the
top of the wing or share, one of said edges, h¹, fits close against the point, E.
2 are projections one of which engages with the notch, e², on the side of the point
next to the wing and locks said point securely in place. In the plow shown in
Figs. 14, 15 and 16, the wing is provided with a lug, h². The upper edges of the
reversible share are made perfectly straight and conform to the lower line of the
mold board.
The rear ends of the working faces of said share can be rounded off as shown.
I, is a hook-bolt hooking on to the pin, i, within the slot, h. Said bolt passes
up through the bolt hole g³, and is secured in place by a suitable nut. In heavy
plows two or more bolts may be used.
The bolt, I, may be secured in any other manner to the inside of the wing but
the means described is preferred.
To adjust the point and wing, place the point upon its bearing then adjust the
wing on the wing-bearing and the hook bolt in the bolt-hole by tightening up the
nut on said bolt, the wing is drawn snugly upon its bearing and tight against
the mold board and point.
One of the projections h³, engaging with one of the notches, e², draws the point
firmly on its bearing and securely lock it in position. A perfect joint is thus
formed between the share and point and the share and mold-board. The attaching
bolt as will be seen is secured to the share within the slot in said share and its
head is not exposed upon the wearing face of the same.
The bolt passing up
through the standard is out of the way and gives the greatest possible clearance,
as there are no bolts to drag on the bottom of the furrow and the wing overlapping
the bearing, the shoulder on the underside does not come below the smooth surface
of the under face of said wing; this construction prevents dirt from catching
against said shoulder and filling up the bottom of the plow. K, is a reversible shin
or cutter having two opposite wearing faces k, cutting edges, kl, and shoulders, k²;
when adjusted, one side of said cutter rests against the standard, the wearing face
which is in use being flush with and forming a continuation of the mold-board

page_text: the other side of the cutter being in a plane with and forming a continuation of
the land side. One of the shoulders, ³, engages with the shoulder, a*, on the
standard. The standard is cut away or grooved sufficiently to receive the wearing
face and cutting edge not in use. It will thus be seen that the bearings by which
the cutter is secured to the standard are independent of its wearing faces.
, is a bolt securing the cutter to the standard. , is a bearing on the lower end
of the cutter which projects under and rests against the shoulder, f, on the mouth
of the socket, F, in the point, E. Said point, E, when placed upon its bearing
engages with the bearing, ³, and securely locks the lower end of the cutter in
position.
It will be seen that both wearing faces of the cutter conform to the lines of the
mold board and either face may be used. For convenience in grinding a cutter
may be made having but one projecting cutting edge as shown in Figs. 1-4 and 6.
By adjusting the cutter with this projecting cutting edge resting in the groove in
the standard, the plow can be ground as readily as if the mold board and cutter
were in one piece.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim is
1. In a plow, the combination with the standard, of a hollow reversible point
fitted upon the lower forward end of the standard, and a removable wing operating
when secured in position to positively lock the point in place substantially as
shown and described.
2. In a plow the combination with the standard, of a hollow reversible point,
fitted upon the lower forward end of the standard and a hollow reversible wing
fitted on a wing bearing on the standard and operating when in position to
positively lock the point in place substantially as shown and described.
3. In a plow, the combination with the standard, mold board and a reversible
cutter, of a hollow reversible point fitted on the lower forward end of the standard
and forming a continuation of the cutter, and a hollow reversible wing fitted on a
wing bearing on the standard and operating when in position to positively lock
the point in place substantially as shown and described.
4. In a plow, the combination with the standard, and mold board, of a removable
and reversible shin or cutter secured to the standard and presenting when either
side is in use a cutting edge and a wearing surface conforming to and forming a
continuation of the mold board substantially as shown and described.
5. In a plow, the combination with the standard and mold-board of the
removable and reversible shiu or cutter having two opposite wearing faces and
cutting edges and two sets of bearing surfaces independent of the wearing faces
and upon which it is supported and connected to the standard substantially as
shown and described.
6. In a plow, the removable and reversible shin or cutter having the duplicate
wearing faces and cutting edges and the duplicate shoulders, *, and bearing k³, on
ts lower end in combination with the standard having the shoulder, a', the hollow
reversible point engaging, when adjusted, with the bearing, ³, all constructed and
rranged substantially as shown and described.