CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR MANUFACTURING ROLLERS AND CYLINDERS USED FOR CALICO PRINTING AND OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1850

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM. THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
KEATES, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, Merchant, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date at West-
minster, the Sixteenth day of August, in the fourteenth year of Her reign,
and in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty, did give
and grant unto me, the said William Keates, my exors, admors, and assigns,
Her especial license, full power, sole privilege and authority, that I, the said
William Keates, my exors, admors, and assigns, and such others as I, the said
William Keates, my exors, admors, and assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times during the term of
years therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within that part of Her Majesty's United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland called England, Her Dominion of Wales, and the Town of
Berwick-upon-Tweed, my Invention of "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY
FOR MANUFACTURING ROLLERS AND CYLINDERS USED FOR CALICO PRINTING AND
OTHER PURPOSES;" in which said Letters Patent is contained a proviso that I,
the said William Keates, shall cause a particular description of the nature

page_text: of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, by
an instrument in writing under my hand and seal, to be enrolled in Her
Majesty's High Court of Chancery within six calendar months next imme-
diately after the date of the said in part recited Letters Patent, as, reference
being thereunto had, will more fully and at large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
William Keates, do hereby declare that the nature and particulars of my said
Invention, and the manner in which the same is to be performed and carried
into effect, are particularly set forth, described and ascertained, in and by
these Presents, reference being also had to the Drawings hereunto annexed,
the Figures on which are progressively numbered, and the letters of reference
used to denote any particular part or parts of my said improvements are also
employed to represent the same part or parts in other Figures where different
views thereof are shewn, that is to say :-
My Invention consists in and relates to,―
Firstly, a self-acting compound machine, so constructed as to turn the outer
surfaces of rollers and cylinders used for printing calicoes and other fibrous
materials, and also for boring and planing the inner surface of such rollers or
cylinders, and for forming a nib or projection in the interior of such rollers or
cylinders to fit on the maundrils, which processes have hitherto been performed
or effected by separate machines for each of the above-mentioned processes.
And secondly, in the method of casting, moulding, or manufacturing rollers
or cylinders of copper, brass, or any other suitable metal or material; the
whole of which, and their practical application, are illustrated in the following
description of the Drawings, in which Fig. 1 is a plan of the said machine as
arranged for planing the interior of rollers or cylinders. Fig. 2 is a longitu-
dinal elevation thereof. Fig. 3, à transverse section in part, and end eleva-
tion in part. Fig. 4, a front elevation of rest. Fig. 5, an end view of the
finished roller, showing the nib. Fig. 6, an end view of the roller in the
process of manufacture, as herein-after described. Fig. 7, an end view of the
core used in moulding, casting, or manufacturing such rollers or cylinders.
l'his compound machine, with all its various parts, may be made of iron, or any
other suitable metal or material. A is a strong bed. B, the feet or legs
supporting the bed. C, a barrel or cylinder which revolves in the pedestals D.
a, set screws fitted to the barrel or cylinder for fixing or adjusting the roller
in the operation of boring and planing. 6, a chuck, also fixed or adjusted by
the set screws a, to communicate a rotary motion to a maundril revolving on
bearings, on which is fixed the roller to be turned. E is a sliding table on
the bed A. F, a rest carrying á double cutting tool for turning the rollers,

page_text: and fixed to the table E, which carries bearings to support the maundrils or
bars which hold the cutting tools in the operation of boring and planing.
G and H are rack and pinion, by which the table is traversed backwards and
forwards. The table E thus serves to carry the boring bar in boring, the
planing bar in planing, and the rest with its tool or tools in turning and in
planing. The tools may be fixed or arranged to cut both backwards and
forwards, either continuously or separately. K is a bar used for both planing
and boring, and is fixed to the table E by the pedestals I', in Figs. 1 and 2.
I' are pedestals fixed to the bed A for the purpose of steadying the boring or
other bars or maundrils, and allowing them at the same time to slide or revolve
in them. O is the roller or cylinder to be turned, bored, or planed. To be
bored it is fixed inside the barrel C, and adjusted by the set screw a, and the
barrel is caused to revolve in its bearings in the pedestals D by the usual
communication from the driving strap or belt acting upon the cone pullies
d, which are fixed upon the shaft g, on which is also fixed the spur wheel e,
working into the spur wheel f, which is fixed to the barrel C. g is a horizontal
shaft. h, bevil pinions. i, bevil wheel. k, a worm. l, a worm wheel.
m, a shaft. n, a sliding clutch box. The bar k slides backwards and
forwards by the motion communicated from the strap C', worked by the shaft
wheels and pinions, as shewn in the Plan; and as the roller revolves with the
barrel, and the bar K with its cutting tools sliding backwards and forwards at
certain fixed ratios of speed, the interior of the roller is bored out. In turning
the rollers or cylinders the chuck b, in Fig. 4, is fixed by the set screws a
inside the barrel C, and the pedestal I' fixed to the bed A. The roller is
fixed on the maundril L by the cones V; the rest F with its cutting tools is
then fixed to the table E; the maundril L with the roller on it is then put into
the machine, with one end fixed in the chuck b, and the other end free to
revolve in the pedestals I and I. The maundril being fixed to the barrel C
causes the roller upon it to revolve against the tools in the rest F, which
traverses with the table; thus the exterior surface of the roller is turned off.
In planing out the interior and forming the nibs, the roller after being bored
is fixed into the barrel as in the operation of boring, and the maundril or
planing bar K, in Figs. 1 and 2, with the cutting tools upon it, is put through
the roller, with one end fixed in the pedestal I', which are fixed upon the
table E, and passing through the pedestals Is, which are fixed to the bed A,
the barrel with the roller is caused to move by short distances at a time so as
to present a fresh surface to the action of the planing tool, by means of the
worm N acting on the worm wheel P, fixed to the barrel C. In this opera-
tion, for the purpose of causing the planing bar K with its tools to traverse

page_text: backwards and forwards, the wheels h are put out of gear, and the motion
carried to the pinion shaft m from the shaft g, by means of the spur
wheels r and s working the bevil wheels p, which drive the bevil wheel 9,
causing the shaft m, with the pinions G to revolve, thereby causing the
table E, with the maundrils, &c., attached, to traverse for the purpose before-
mentioned. The motion is reversed by a double clutch box between the bevil
wheels p. The barrel C, as before-described, is also moved by a small portion
at a time, for the purpose of presenting a fresh surface to the action of the
planing tool by means of the worm N acting upon the wheel p, which is fixed to
the barrel C. The worm N is caused to revolve in the following manner :-
On the end of the planing bar K a small cross head 1 is fixed, which,
as the bar traverses, strikes against the tappets 2 and 3 on the rods 4 and 5
respectively. Alternately at the end of the stroke the bars 4 and 5 act
upon the rachet wheel 6, through the pall arms 7 causing it to revolve in
one and the same direction. On the same shaft as the ratchet wheel 6 is
fixed a spur wheel 8, geering into the spur wheel 9, which in turn drives the
spur wheel 10, which is fixed on the same shaft as the worm N. The springs
a, on the bars 4 and 5, are for the purpose of forcing back the bars after
the stroke to prepare for the next; the speed with which the roller revolves
against the planing tool must be regulated by the wheels 8, 9, and 10 in
the usual manner. During the operation of planing the motion of the planing.
bar is reversed by the catches t, fixed to the table E, moving the tappets fixed
to the bar U, which act on the clutch box o between the bevil wheels p,
which work into the bevil wheel 9 on the pinion shaft m, which revolves
with the pinions G, which work into the rack H, thereby causing the table E,
with the maundrils or bars, &c., attached, to traverse for the purpose before-
mentioned.
The second part of my Invention relates to the manufacture of rollers and
cylinders of copper, brass, or any other suitable metal, composition, or com-
bination of metals, and to the method of casting or moulding hollow ingots,
rollers, or cylinders. Instead of employing a solid core or maundril, I take a
sheet of rolled copper, brass, or other suitable metal or material, and form a
hollow tube by any of the usual methods, the outer diameter of which is equal
to or rather less than the hollow or bore required; I then place this hollow
tube into the mould in which the ingot is to be cast or moulded, and fill it
with dry sand or any other suitable material, and pour or run the melted.
metal into the mould. When the metal is set or fixed I open the mould and
withdraw the sand or other material from the interior of the tube, and the
interior surface of the ingot is thus perfectly formed by the metal tube

page_text: adhering to the mass of metal forming the ingot. In making rollers or
cylinders from sheets of rolled metal, instead of turning them on a maun-
dril and soldering them in the usual manner, I leave the edges or extre-
mities of the metal when turned on the maundril about one inch asunder,
as shewn in Fig. 6, the said edges being chamfered or thinned off a little
on the under or inner side; I then make a core of sand, clay, loam, or iron, or
any other suitable metal or material, which shall fill up the whole of the
interior of the said roller or cylinder, except a space of about one inch deep and
one and a half inch wide, as shewn in Fig. 7, immediately under that portion
of the cylinder where the edges are left apart; I then pour in melted metal
at a high degree of temperature between the edges of the cylinder, and into
the space or channel so formed in the core, until both are quite full. When
the metal is set or cold the core may be withdrawn, and by this metal uniting
with the first partly formed cylinder a thorough nib or projection is formed
the whole length of the cylinder, which nib or projection can be planed to
the exact size required to fit the printer's maundril, the outer surface of the
cylinder being finished in the usual way.
Having now fully described the nature and particulars of my Invention and
Improvements, and the methods of carrying the same into practical effect, I
would remark, in conclusion, that I claim as my Invention,-
Firstly, the self-acting compound machine, constructed as herein-before
described, and illustrated by the annexed Drawings, for the purposes of
turning and boring rollers and cylinders for planing their inner surfaces, and
for forming a nib or projection in the interior of such rollers and cylinders.
And, secondly, for casting or moulding ingots, cylinders, and rollers hollow,
by means of a core or maundril, made of sheet or rolled metal, and for the
manufacture of such rollers or cylinders from plates or sheets of copper, brass,
or other metals, by the mode herein described and shewn in Figures 6 and 7.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Keates, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Fourteenth day of February, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-one.
Signed and sealed by the within-
named William Keates, in the
W (L.S.) KEATES.

page_text: AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the Fourteenth day of February,
in the year of our Lord 1851, the aforesaid William Keates came before
our said Lady the Queen in Her Chancery, and acknowledged the Specifi-
cation aforesaid, and all and every thing therein contained and specified, in
form above written. And also the Specification aforesaid was stamped
according to the tenor of the Statute made for that purpose.
AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the Fourteenth day of February,
in the year of our Lord 1851, the aforesaid William Keates came before
our said Lady the Queen in Her Chancery, and acknowledged the Specifi-
cation aforesaid, and all and every thing therein contained and specified, in
form above written. And also the Specification aforesaid was stamped
according to the tenor of the Statute made for that purpose.
Enrolled the Fifteenth day of February, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and fifty-one.