otherwise Treating Yarn in Cops.
Year: 1887

page_text: Date of Application, 23rd Aug., 1887.
Specification Accepted, 23rd Sept., 1887
otherwise Treating Yarn in Cops.
I, AUGUST GRAEMIGER a Citizen of the Republic of Switzerland, residing in the
Village of Crompton, in the Town of Warwick, in the County of Kent, and State of
Rhode Island, United States of America, Chemist do hereby declare the nature of this
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described
and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
The invention is of general applicability in dyeing mordanting bleaching steaming
Scouring washing, drying or otherwise treating yarns of cotton, silk, wool, worsted,
or other animal or vegetable fibre, in the form of cops or in kindred compact forms,
by either sucking or forcing liquid dyes or other liquids used in dyeing, mordanting,
bleaching, scouring, steaming, or otherwise treating the cops, through the cops when
mounted upon hollow perforated tubes, skewers, or injection spindles which extend
respectively through the cops and unite every portion of each cop subject to the action
of said liquids.
The foregoing operations broadly as such and as separately conducted in the same
or in different machines are not novel, and attempts have heretofore been made
thereby to practically dye bleach, and otherwise treat cotton and other yarns in cop
and other compact forms. So far however as my knowledge extends the practice has
never been practically possible or successfully conducted upon a commercial scale.
This invention being as stated of general applicability for dyeing bleaching,
scouring, mordanting drying and otherwise treating yarns of various kinds in cop
and other compact forms:-its object is the provision of means whereby all of the
cops composing any given series or succession regular or irregular of cops or of tiers
or groups of cops, may in the selected series or succession as to each cop, tier, or
group successively, but as to the entire series or succession of given cops tiers, or
groups collectively be contemporaneously or simultaneously subjected each to its
appropriate step of the contemporaneously conducted successive steps composing
the selected process of any one of which processes, however continuity of operation
in a greater or less degree is the especial desideratum and the salient characteristic.
To the foregoing ends this invention embraces apparatus having the capacity for

page_text: performing or carrying out any one of several cognate processes or methods of
treatment of yarn in cops or kindred compact forms, and apparatus moreover so
constituted as to be readily convertible into or applicable for use as, any one of
several cognate yet distinct devices, respectively susceptible of the performance of a
particular kind of work that is to say of the practice of some one of the said several
cognate processes hereinafter detailed all of which as processes or modes of treatment
are novel.
Broadly stated, this invention so far as processes are concerned as applied to dyeing
mordanting, bleaching, scouring, steaming, washing, or otherwise similarly treating
by the impregnation of liquids yarn in cops comprehends first the contemporaneous
but distributive subjection of the cops composing a series each in turn to its appro-
priate step of the following contemporaneously conducted successive steps or
operations, namely first, saturation or impregnation by sucking or forcing the selected
liquids through given cops; and second substitution of fresh cops to be charged for
given charged cops.
Similarly also this invention as applied to the operations of impregnation above
mentioned comprehends, second, the subjection of the cops in the manner above stated
to the following successive steps or operations; first saturation or impregnation by
sucking or forcing the selected liquid through given cops; second liquid-exhaustion
by forcing or sucking air or other suitable fluid through given charged cops, and third
substitution of cops to be charged and liquid exhausted for given charged and liquid
exhausted cops.
Similarly again this invention as applied to exhausting surplus liquid from charged
cops comprehends third the subjection of cops in the manner above stated, to the
following successive steps or operations, first, liquid exhaustion by forcing or sucking
air or other suitable fluid through the cops; second substitution of cops to be liquid
exhausted for given liquid exhausted cops.
Similarly again as applied to operations of dyeing with easily oxidizable liquid
dyes, this invention comprehends, fourth, and fifth, the subjection of the cops in the
manner above stated with reference to the first two operations which involve
impregnation with liquids, and in connection either with the two steps of saturation
and substitution which are involved in the practice of the first of the foregoing
processes, or else in connection with the three steps of saturation, liquid, exhaustion
and substitution, which are involved in the second of the foregoing processes-to a
preliminary step of air exhaustion before saturation or impregnation proper by sucking
or forcing air from out given cops to be charged or saturated.
This invention further comprehends apparatus for conveniently effectuating the five
several processes which respectively reside in the practice of the foregoing respectively
recited connected steps or operations.
Apparatus conveniently and cheaply embodying this invention so far as it is
concerned with apparatus, and adapted to effectuate the separate practice of anyone,
and consequently of all of the processes hereinbefore referred to, is represented in the
accompanying drawings and described in this specification the particular subject
matter so far as said apparatus is concerned, as well as the particular subject matter in
which the processes reside being hereinafter definitely stated.
In the drawings.
Figure 1 is a side elevation of the entire machine-section through the tank A
being supposed in the plane of the dotted line ww of figure 2 and also in the plane
of the dotted line of figure 3.
Figure 2 is a top plan view of the machine represented in Figures 1 and 3.
Figure 3 is an end elevation of the machine represented in Figures 1 and 2 section
through the tank being supposed in the plane of the dotted line u u of Figure 2 and
the carrier body being shown in transverse or end elevation while the carrier is shown
in central vertical sectional elevation and is supposed to have received an eighth turn
in rotation or such a turn beyond the position it is shown in figures
and 2, as
occupying as is necessary to advance each group of cops through an arc of forty five
degrees of their path of movement.

page_text: Figure 4 is a sectional plan of the carrier body, section being supposed in the plane
of the dotted line of figure 1 and sight being taken in the direction of the arrows
upon said line.
Figure 5 is a central vertical sectional elevation through the carrier body in a
central vertical plane terminating in planes of the dotted line x x of figure.1 that
portion of the body which is represented being of course the right hand portion of
said body as shown in figure 1.
Figure 6 is a central vertical sectional elevation through the carrier body in a
central vertical plane terminating in planes of the dotted line y y of figure 1, that
portion of the body which is represented being of course the left hand portion of the
said body as shown in figure 1.
Figure 7 is a fragmentary, central, sectional magnified detail of a portion of the
cop carrier and of one of its applied nipples illustrating also a portion of a cop and its
perforated spindle in place upon said nipple.
Similar letters of reference indicate corresponding parts.
In the drawings A represents a tank, vat, or other recipient, for containing a given
quantity of any selected liquid. In all operations in which charging or impregnation
is not essential, the tank performs the office simply of a fixed supporting frame work,
and not that of a liquid recipient.
B is what is termed the carrier body, it being referably to the fixed tank and
moving cop carrier simply a fixed device conveniently subserving the double purpose,
first, of being a fixed body with reference to which the cop carrier has movement and,
second, of being a body containing or embodying, or of being a supporting device
serving conveniently to present to the perforations in the cop carrier, both the mouths
of chambers of the active conduits and the dead face.
C is the cop carrier, a device which as its name implies, carries the cops-which is
perforated referably to the points of and means for attachment of the cops-and which
has such movement referably to the carrier body and to the tank, that its perforations
are in predetermined continuing sequence, placed in communication preferably through
perforated injection spindles with the axial apertures of the cops on the one hand, and
with the conduit mouths and the dead face upon the other hand.
D is a charging conduit in exterior communication with a suction or pressure pump,
and interiorly or as to its mouth conveniently through the intermediation of the carrier
body in communication for the time being with given perforations in the cop carrier.
E is an exhausting conduit in exterior communication with a suction or pressure
pump and interiorly or as to its mouth conveniently also through the intermediation
of the carrier body, in communication for the time being with other given perforations
in the cop carrier.
B is a special form of dead face which happens to be a closed chamber formed
upon or embodied in the peripheral carrier-surface of the carrier body; but which
referably to the cop carrier and as a dead face generically considered is simply in any
convenient manner suitably formed, a blank or unchambered segment of the periphery
of the carrier body, or a gap or opening in said periphery, or an open chamber in said
periphery, so located above the level of any liquid in the tank as to act in connection
with cops above said level calculated in the preferred mode of employing the apparatus
for the time being to act in connection with yet other given perforations of the cop
carrier, and permit of the romoval at a period subsequent to their treatment of the
cops applied to said perforations and of the substitution of others in their stead.
Premising that the tank the perforated cop carrier, the charging conduit and the
exhausting conduit when either one or both of said conduits is active or in use―
whatever conduit is used for air exhaustion when such operation is a step of a process
being practiced-the dead face and lastly-but as a device of convenience merely for
the purpose of conveniently presenting to given perforations of the cop carrier, the
dead face, the terminal portion or mouth of the charging conduit and the terminal
portion or mouth of the exhausting conduit when either one or both of said conduits
is in use, and the terminal portion of such conduit as happens to be used for air
exhaustion (and as a device moreover reference to which the carrier is conveniently

page_text: arranged to rotate) the carrier body aforesaid—are (irrespective of their form
proportions or mechanically considered relative arrangement) the vital elements;
members, or instrumentalities, of an apparatus embodying this invention-it is proper
to distinctly state that while the special form and construction and the special
relative arrangement of the aforesaid elements represented in the drawings and
hereinafter at length described, is the cheapest and most convenient construction form
and arrangement of which I now have knowledge. I do not restrict myself to it-
the invention so far as apparatus is concerned being broad enough to comprehend
other constructions forms, relative arrangements or combinations of the foregoing
recited essential elements.
Having now explained what elements are essential it is proper also, briefly to state
certain essential conditions of relationship of the aforesaid elements, and to
contradistinguish therefrom the non-essential conditions.
Thus while except in the employment of the apparatus for liquid exhaustion only,
it is essential that the cop carrier should be capable of such rotation relatively to a
tank containing liquid as will during a part of its said rotation occasion the immersion
in liquid in the tank of cops carried by it-it is immaterial how, in what direction or
to what extent such a rotation be effected, and whether it be slowly continuous, or as
is preferable, intermittent or again in certain operations, whether it be oscillatory,
that is to say, an incomplete rotation first in one direction and then in another.
Thus again while it is essential that the cop carrier should be perforated and should
be adapted to be supplied with removable cops-it is immaterial how the perforations
are formed, or what form or arrangement they assume and how the cops are applied
and removed.
Thus again while it is essential when charging either alone or in connection with
other operations is a step of the process for the time being under practice, that a
charging conduit should act to conduct liquids to or from given perforations of the
cop carrier in communication as stated with given cops-and that a liquid-exhausting
conduit, when liquid exhaustion either alone or in connection with charging is a step
of the process for the time under practice should similarly act to conduct air to or
from given cops it is immaterial through the medium of what form of discharging
orifice, mouth, or other aperture adapted to register itself for the time being with the
perforations such conduit or conduits do so act.
Thus again while it is essential, that there should be a segmental area of the carrier
body subserving the purpose of a dead face generically considered being moreover for
processes involving the use of liquids in the tank, an area located above the level of
any liquid employed, the function of which is to permit of the presentation for
removal of their cops of given perforations cut off from communication, either with
the liquid charging instrumentality alone, or with the liquid charging instrumentality
when employed in connection with other steps of a process of which impregnation is
a step, and essential that it should be so relatively placed with reference to the cop
carrier that the perforations in connection with which it acts should be only
such as are for the time being in communication with cops above the level of
any liquid in the tank, and as have been subject to the action of saturation-it
is immaterial what specific form such dead face, as such, assumes or how it be
constructed or embodied.
The apparatus which is represented in the drawings, and which is such a one as it
is preferred to employ because it is equally well adapted to effectuate the process which
comprises charging and substitution or the process which comprises charging liquid-
exhaustion and substitution-or the process which comprises liquid exhaustion and
substitution or the process which comprises air exhaustion dyeing and substitution-
or the process which comprises air exhaustion, dyeing liquid exhaustion, and
substitution all of which processes as hereinbefore stated this invention comprehends-
is of the following construction and comprehends all of the elements which
are necessary to the conduct or practice of any one of the foregoing processes and
consequently of that one which involves the greatest number of steps, although
as hereinafter explained in the practice of such of the processes as involve the lesser

page_text: umber of steps certain of the elements of the said apparatus are inert or for the time
being thrown out of action.
The tank A is, as stated a fixed receiving vessel preferably of such form and
trength as to itself constitute or act as the frame work of the entire apparatus, that
s to say as a frame, work with reference to which the carrier body is fixedly
secured.
means
The carrier body B is preferably a casting conveniently, but by no
necessarily possessing the form of the frustum of a hollow cone closed in the plane
of its vertex by a web or head band open in the plane of its base. This body
is conveniently formned or equipped with a supporting rod b* extending preferably
axially from the outside surface of its head, and also formed and equipped with a pipe
or conduit which is termed the body tube Ex which is part of the exhausting conduit
and which extends preferably axially backward from the inside surface of its head :-
and further formed or equipped with a pipe or conduit, which is termed the body
tube D which is part of the charging conduit, and which lying preferably in
parallelism with the body tube Ex and close to the peripheral inner surface of the
walls of the body similarly extends backward from the inner surface of its head.
The carrier body as an entirety is fixedly supported referably to the tank, preferably
with its axis in a horizontal plane by the aid of the supporting rod and the two body
tubes by any preferred means, but conveniently by bolts and nuts as shown in
the drawings.
D is a charging conduit preferably fixedly connected with the tank by being passed
through an aperture in one of its walls and threaded into or otherwise permanently
and integrally connected with the body tube D*. This charging conduit leads to or
is exteriorly in direct communication with a suction or pressure pump of any
preferred character which is adapted either to suck or to force any desired liquid
through the conduit for the saturation, impregnation, or charging of given cops.
E is an exhausting conduit preferably fixedly connected with the tank by being
passed through an aperture in one of its walls, and threaded into or otherwise
permanently and integrally connected with the body tube E*. This exhausting
conduit leads to or is exteriorly in direct communication with a suction or pressure
pump of any preferred character, which is adapted either to suck or to force air
or other fluid employed as a liquid exhausting medium, through said exhausting
conduit.
In the drawings there have not been represented the pumps referred to for
the reason that it is not necessary to an understanding of the invention, the pumps
being simply as stated of any preferred and well known character and there being no
connection other than those which a competent mechanic would naturally employ.
The walls, that is to say the peripheral carrier surface, of the carrier body are
of sufficient thickness to permit of there being formed in them preferably in the
casting of the body certain exterior peripheral chamber depressions or compartments,
each independent of the other. The principal chambers in the carrier body represented
are the charging chamber d and the liquid exhausting chamber e, the said chambers
being the terminal portions or mouths, respectively, of the charging conduit and
5 of the exhausting conduit.
The charging chamber is, in the mounting of the carrier body, the chamber
lowermost within the tank, and is as shown, a double chamber or one having two
compartments one of which lies upon each side of the plane of the vertical diameter
of the body, which extends on its each side up to a short distance below the plane
0 of the horizontal diameter of said body.
The charging conduit is in communication with the charging chamber, conveniently
through the intermediation of a branch tube d* formed as a part of the casting of the
carrier body and serving to place the charging conduit, through its terminal body
tube D in common communication with both compartments of the aforesaid charging
5 chamber.
It is simply an incident of construction that the charging chamber has two
compartments it being preferable as an expedient of manufacture to leave an

page_text: intermediate peripheral surface, indicated in figure 1 and shown in figures 5 and
between the compartments of said chamber to serve as an additional peripheral bearing
surface for the cop carrier, and as a strengthening rib which happens also to constitut
the under portion of the body tube D*.
The liquid exhausting chainber e considered with reference to the mounting of the
carrier body within the tank as shown in Figure 1 is preferably formed within the
right hand upper quarter portion of the body, or that portion which is located in the
upper portion of the tank and above the level of any contained liquid.
This chamber is not in communication with the charging chamber-considered
with reference to the direction of travel of the cop carrier lies beyond said chamber—
and necessarily opens above the level of any liquid in the tank.
The liquid exhausting chamber is in communication with the exhausting conduit
conveniently through the intermediation of a branch tube ex formed as a part of the
casting of the carrier body, and serving to place the exhausting conduit through
its terminal body tube Ex in communication with the aforesaid liquid-exhausting
chamber. The branch tube ex of the exhausting conduit is conveniently provided
with a valve or cock of any preferred character (for simplicity of representation
shown in dotted lines) by means of which the liquid exhausting chamber may at will
be cut off from communication with the exhausting pump.
e is a supplemental branch tube being preferably a part of the casting of the
carrier body running in a direction almost opposite to that in which the branch tube ex
runs into an air exhausting chamber Ex, located within, and extending transversely
across the external peripheral surface, or in a direction of the breadth of the carrier
body between the dead face and the charging chamber and serving for a purpose
hereinafter explained when desired to place said air-exhausting chamber in com-
munication with the exhausting conduit.
This supplemental branch tube e² of the air exhausting chamber is, as in the case
of the branch tube of the exhausting conduit, conveniently provided with a valve
or cock of any preferred character also shown in dotted lines by means of which the
air exhausting chamber can at will be cut off from communication with the pump in
connection with which it operated.
All of the foregoing chambers shown have top and bottom or edge boundaries
being the unchambered or unrecessed circumscribing portions of the extended
peripheral surface of the carrier body upon which surface the cop carrier is mounted
and rides and are laterally divided from each other by transversely extending
unchambered portions of the aforesaid external peripheral surface.
Instead of making the chambers referred to in the form of extending recesses it is
as is apparent quite possible to make them as a series of minor chambers or channels
or perforations through the carrier body in communication upon the one hand
with the conduits the mouths of which they would in such case collectively constitute 4
and on the other hand adapted to register with given perforations on the cop carrier.
Lying considered with reference to the direction of movement of the cop carrier
beyond the liquid-exhausting chamber and intermediately between the liquid
exhausting chamber and the charging chamber is in the form of carrier body depicted
a peripheral exterior chamber of said carrier body which is specifically designated 4
"the dead face B*" and which is in communication with neither the charging nor
the exhausting conduits but referably to the cop carrier is simply a blank surface
(preferably as stated however for convenience in the casting of the carrier body
in the form of a closed chamber) calculated for the time being to present itself to such
perforations of the cop carrier, as, in the movement of said carrier happen to come 5
over it. This dead face, generically considered is not necessarily a chamber, and
may as stated, be simply a continuous portion of the peripheral exterior surface of the
body or a segmental opening in said body.
It is also entirely possible to employ the mouth of the exhausting conduit or the
peripheral area of the carrier body adjacent thereto and above the level of any liquid 55
contained in the tank as the dead face generically considered-it being manifestly
apparent that it is possible to perform the operation of substituting fresh or untreated

page_text: ops for liquid-exhausted cops over the mouth of the exhausting conduit and over
hile the pump in exterior communication with said conduit continues in action
5 the operation of the said pump could in no wise affect the said operation of
ubstitution. Such use however of the said mouth of the exhausting conduit as
dead face is not desirable because, as is obvious, the operation of the apparatus
rould be much slower as it would be necessary to delay the act of substitution until
he act of liquid exhaustion has been performed. The foregoing possibility is simply
nstanced of the apparatus the better to explain that the dead face proper is
ny portion of or region referable to, the carrier body lying above the level of any
iquid contained in the vat with reference to which said carrier body is mounted.
In the claims the term "a dead face" is used in a generic sense and not as
restricted to the special dead face B*.
FF are two transversely extending dye slots notched through or channelled out of
the peripheral exterior surface of the carrier body one between the dead face or more
strictly the air exhausting chamber and the other between the charging chamber and
These slots which in the mounting of the carrier
the liquid exhausting chamber.
body lie considerably below the level of the liquid in the tank being open at both the
vertex and the base of the body are constantly full of the liquid in the tank, and serve
as liquid packings between the charging and the air exhausting chambers, and
between the charging and the liquid exhausting chambers.
when
The slots are of especial importance in the operation of dyeing with indigo white
solution and serve as safeguards to prevent suction of air by the charging pump
employed as a suction device, which is its preferable employment from the air
exhausting or the liquid exhausting chambers into the charging chamber. Of course
if it were possible to maintain under continuing wear a perfect fit of the cop carrier
upon the carrier body, that is to say a fit so close that no air could get between them,
these slots would not be important; but as in practice even with the best construction
and most careful adjustment to compensate for wear, interspaces do come to exist
between the body and the carrier these slots containing as they do liquid packing
become of importance as safeguards to the charging chamber in the practice of indigo
dyeing in which operation they are essential to prevent the suction of the charging
pump from sucking air throngs the interspaces between the body and the carrier from
the liquid exhausting and air exhausting chambers into the charging chamber with the
result of oxidizing the indigo, depositing the insoluble indigotine clogging the fibres
of the cops, and preventing the effectual circulation of the dye stuff through said
cops. In other words in indigo dyeing these slots open a free passage for the white
indigo solution in the tank to permeate through the crevices or interspaces between the
carrier and body into the charging chamber and by its presence to fill said interspaces
and exclude the entrance or passage of air.
These slots are also of advantage in that as there is always when the exhausting
pump is used as a suction device, a rarified condition or vacuum pressure in the liquid
exhausting chamber and interspaces between the carrier and the body in the area
between the charging and liquid exhausting chambers their absence would permit of
the drawing of the dye stuff from the charging chamber into the liquid-exhausting
chamber a thing undesirable in practice.
Having now described the construction of the carrier body, and how that it is a
convenient device for the purpose of conveniently presenting to given perforations of
the cop carrier, the dead face the terminal portion or mouth of the charging conduit
and the terminal portion or mouth of the exhausting conduit and the mouth of what-
0 ever conduit operate in connection with the air exhausting chamber and a device
moreover with reference to which the carrier is conveniently arranged to rotate-C is
the cop carrier an annular conical plate, band or strap more exactly described as the
frustum of a hollow cone mounted for rotary movement upon the exterior peripheral
surface of the body which it is conformed to fit and maintained in place upon said
5 body by an annular flange or cap 62 secured by bolts 63 to the web or head b of the
carrier body.
The bolt apertures in the flange 62 are preferably formed to contain spring

page_text: chamber 6 figure 3 adapted to contain spiral springs encircling the shanks of th
bolts 63. The initial tension of the springs is such that when the cap is first applic
it is held off a certain distance from the plane of the head of the carrier body. Whe
however the carrier wears upon the body it can be readjusted by tightening up th
cap bolts compressing the springs and so forcing up the cap nearer to the web or head
an action of course attended by a permanent compression of the springs corresponding
to the distance of the inward movement of the cap.
It is of course apparent that the cop carrier represented in the drawings and above
described is of conical form only because the body with reference to which it is
mounted is itself of conical form and that both the body and the carrier can be made
of cylindric or other preferred form without departure from the invention.
The cop carrier C is provided with series of perforations c passing from its inner to
its outer surface, the office of which is to permit the passage of impregnating liquid
or exhausting fluid to or from cops C applied to the exterior of the carrier and as to
their hollow cores in communication with said perforations.
The perforations may be of any desired form. Those shown are radial holes c
through the cop carrier which are externally threaded to receive hollow nipples G.
Figure 7 fitted to receive removable perforated injection tubes H thrust through cops.
Each nipple G is provided with a notch or seat g and a perforated injection tube H
is mounted upon seat nipple by being slipped on and retained in place by a spring
catch or teat punched out of the walls of the tube near its base and set to project
within the bore of said tube so as to operate as a spring like retaining device adapted
to be engaged with said catch. This catch is not essential, but it is convenient when
the dye stuff or other liquid is being forced through the spindle and outward through
the cop.
Instead however of employing these nipples the injection tubes or the cops
themselves may be adapted to be fitted directly to the perforations.
The perforations are conveniently but by no means necessarily arranged in
intermittently consecutive groups, each group being composed of a given number,
circumferentially considered, of transversely disposed lines or tiers of perforations.
In the drawings, there is represented the carrier as equipped with four distinct
groups of twenty perforations each, the groups being quartered so to speak upon
the carrier.
I are screens radially projecting from the cop carrier in immediate advance of each
group of perforations. These screens have radial projections exceeding that of the
applied cops, and serve to take up collect or push aside the scum accumulating on
the surface of the liquid in the tank, and thus keep it off the cops both as the latter
are immersed in and as they emerge from the liquid. The screens, preferably as
shown, present an angular or bevelled face.
Rotation of the desired character may be imparted to the carrier in any convenient
manner; a good way is to provide the carrier with a circumferential set of teeth J
and to provide a toothed pinion K of suitable diameter to gear with said teeth. Such
a pinion may conveniently be mounted upon an arbor R housed within a boxing L
applied to the tank and equipped with a land lever H by the aid of which it, the said
pinion and through it the cop carrier may be rotated.
as stated be substituted for the foregoing gearing; and if desired a stop can be
Other mechanisms may 4
applied to limit the throw of a carrier to a given distance upon each application of
power to it.
Such being a description of a preferred form of apparatus adapted to effectuate this
invention it will be apparent that it is adapted for the practice of any one of the five 5
processes which have been herein before referred to.
Thus by throwing the pump or pumps operating in connection with the air
exhausting and the liquid exhausting conduit or conduits entirely out of action the
process of dyeing scouring bleaching or otherwise treating the cops by impregnation of
a selected liquid and of replacing the impregnated cops with others to be impregnated-55
can be practiced.
Thus again by shutting off the air exhausting chamber from communication, with

page_text: either the liquid exhausting pump or with such separate pump as it may happen to
be separately in communication with the operation of charging or saturation with
liquid, liquid exhaustion and substituting or replacing the cops can be performed.
It is to be remarked that the foregoing operation can in fact be performed without
discontinuing the operation of air exhaustion inasmuch as the said operation although
inert for useful purposes in any operation except that of indigo dyeing is harmless in
any other operation involving saturation.
Thus again by throwing the charging pump out of operation or by shutting off the
charging conduit from communication with said pump and by removing liquid from
the tank which in such case becomes simply a fixed supporting framework the
operation of liquid exhaustion of cops which have been in any other machine
impregnated with the desired liquid and of replacing said liquid-exhausted cops with
fresh cops to be liquid exhausted can be performed.
Thus finally all of the conduits being in communication with their respective pumps
either the operation of air exhaustion impregnation liquid exhaustion and substitution
of cops or the foregoing operation omitting the step of liquid exhaustion can be
performed either with readily oxidizable liquid dyestuffs in the operation of dyeing
or with any desired liquid in any selected operation involving saturation of the cops.
The best results are obtained by employing both the liquid exhausting and the
charging pumps and suction pumps and by operating an independent pump as a
suction pump to perform when desired the work of air exhaustion.
Assuming the pumps operated as suction devices, the following is a description of
the operation of the apparatus as represented and herein before described, in carrying
out the process of charging, impregnation or saturation liquid exhaustion and
substitution of charged and liquid exhausted cops for fresh or untreated cops to be
charged and liquid exhausted an operation itself a type of all the others.
The desired liquid is introduced into the tank to about the level represented in
the drawings that is to say to a level considerably above the dye slots F and also
sufficiently above the air exhaustion chamber to permit of the complete immersion of
a tier of radially projecting cops happening to be in registry as to their perforations
with said air-exhaustion chamber.
The charging pump is conveniently provided with a return pipe so as to return to
the tank as much of the liquid employed as is not absorbed by or does not remain in
the cops the liquid being thereby in constant circulation from the tank to the pump
and from the pump back to the tank or vice versa. In other words a constant
circulation takes place through both the charging pump and the cops and the liquid
in the tank is reduced only by such quantity of liquids as remains in the cops. The
reduction however when carried to an extent affecting the normal level of the supply
of dyestuff to the tank is to be compensated for and the level maintained by fresh
supplies.
The cop carrier being rotated to bring a group of its perforations above the dead
face a cop is by an attendant supplied to each aforesaid perforation and the carrier
is then further rotated in the direction of the arrow upon it in figure 1 a sufficient
distance to occasion the complete immersion of the group of cops so applied and the
representation of the perforations to which they are applied to the charging chamber.
The pump in connected with the charging conduit being as is preferred supposed in
operation as a suction pump thereupon through the aforesaid perforations of the carrier
through the charging chamber and through the charging conduit sucks enough of the
liquid contained in the tank through the substance of each of the cops of the immersed
group to occasion the saturation and complete impregnation with said liquid of the
threads composing each of said cops. While the charging pump has been acting upon
the immersed groups of cops referred to the attendant has supplied to the succeeding
group of perforations (which by that rotation of the carrier which occasioned the
immersion of the first group have come over the dead face) a set of fresh or untreated
cops to be charged; and as soon as he has done this, a further rotation imparted to
the carrier will occasion the immersion of the group of last applied unimpregnated
B

page_text: cops and disregarding for the time being the fact that the charging chamber is
represented as double, such further advanced movement of the immersed group of
cops first subjected to the action of the charging pump as will elevate them above the
surface of the liquid in the tank and place the perforations to which they are applied
in communication with the liquid exhausting chamber and an air pump being supposed
in operation to suck air through the liquid exhausting conduit and consequently in
position to be acted upon by the air, so, as aforesaid, sucked from out the liquid
exhausting chamber and thereby to be exhausted of such surplus liquid as they contain
at the time of their emergence from the liquid of the tank.
A further rotation of the carrier (unnecessary if the mouth of the liquid exhausting
conduit be employed as the dead face) will bring the group of cops, so, as aforesaid
liquid exhausted over the dead face to permit of their removal by the attendant and
of his supplying to the perforations from which they are removed a group of fresh or
unimpregnated cops-will at the same time bring the group of cops last acted upon
by the charging pump into communication with the liquid exhausting pump to be
liquid exhausted, and bring the group of cops, applied while the group referred to
was being liquid exhausted, into connection with the charging pump to be charged.
A. continuance more or less rapid at will of the foregoing operation constitutes a
practice of that process of which impregnation liquid exhaustion and substitution are
the steps and which as an entirety is perhaps the most important process which the
machine is adapted to effectuate. When liquid exhaustion is not desired or is intended
to be performed on another machine the liquid exhausting chamber is cut off or its
pump thrown out of action and the foregoing described operation then becomes an
operation simply of charging and cop-replacing.
In the apparatus represented the charging chamber being double or
circumferential extent of almost 180° affords the additional advantage of presenting
having a
the same group of cops as it were twice or at least for double the period of time to
the action of the charging pump-each succeeding group first stopping over the first
compartment of said charging chamber long enough to admit of the removal of the
group last liquid-exhausted and the application of a fresh group of cops and then
stopping over the second compartment for a similar length of time.
Of course however, it is apparent that a charging chamber of less extent than that
shown may be employed in which event instead of providing the cop carrier with four
groups of perforations it would be provided with but three."
It is preferred as stated to conduct both of the foregoing operations by sucking both
the charging liquids and the air from the outer surfaces of the cops inwards, but it is
obvious that the same result can be secured by forcing impregnating liquid and liquid
exhausting fluid from the core of the cops outwardly to their surfaces, it is preferred
also to use pumps strictly as such to force or suck the liquids and fluids utilized but
any other forcing or liquid exhausting devices may be employed in the stead of pumps
and in the claims where reference is made to then the word pump generically is used.
When easily oxidizable liquid dyes such for instance as indigo white solution are
employed in indigo dyeing it is important to keep air out of the solution to prevent its
combining with the white indigo to form insoluble indigotine and therefore it is of
advantage to extract or exhaust the air from the cops before subjecting them to the
action of the charging conduit, because, otherwise the insoluble indigotine, being
sucked or forced into the cops by the action of the charging pump, would clog the
fibres of the cops, and prevent the proper circulation of the dye stuff through said cops
in the operation of charging proper.
the air exhausting chamber E herein before referred to, the perforations constituting
This is conveniently accomplished by the aid of
each transverse tier of perforations of a given group of cops coming in turn over said
air-exhausting chamber as the carrier is rotated to occasion the complete immersion
of the group in question and thereby occasioning the subjection of the cops of such
tier to the action of an air exhausting pump that is to say to an air suction-before
the cops of the tier in question come in communication with the charging chamber, 5
and in such communication are, as stated, subjected to the action of the charging pump.

page_text: It will be apparent that in conducting the foregoing operation the cops will become
nore or less filled with the indigo solution. The period during which a given tier
resents over the air-exhausting chamber, is, however, in the movement of the carrier,
o limited that no impregnation, saturation or charging proper, in the sense of a
horough circulation of liquid through the cops, takes place; and the operation of air
xhaustion is not therefore one of charging or saturation in the sense in which those
erms, are, in this specification employed as applied to the operations conducted
hrough the medium of the charging chamber by the action of the charging pump.
Such of the dye stuff moreover as is by the operation of the air exhausting pump
drawn through the cops and into the air exhausting chamber and has become oxidized
is not as is apparent admitted into the tank at all but is drawn off to the air exhausting
pump, from which in practice it is discharged into a special vessel and deoxidized
before being again supplied to the tank.
The air exhausting chamber may be employed either with or without the liquid
exhausting chamber the latter being either active or inert at the will of the operator
conveniently by the aid of the cock upon the branch tube e*. Of course as stated the
air exhausting chambers may be connected with separate pumps.
In order to employ the apparatus for scouring bleaching steaming nordanting or
washing yarn in cops, it is apparent, that it will be only necessary to supply the
desired bleaching or other selected liquid to the tank and charging pump, and to
repeat in connection with such liquid the operation already described. If desired the
liquid exhausting pump can be replaced by an injector or kindred device employed
to inject steam through the cops, or the apparatus being placed in a hot chamber
the liquid exhausting pump may be used to exhaust or draw hot air through them.
In order to be of the greatest commercial value it is desirable that the various
steps of any one of the processes should be rapidly and continuously performed but
both speed and continuity are to be relatively considered and the term continuous
in the claims is used in a relative sense.
1. The continuous process of dying scouring bleaching or otherwise treating a series
of cops herein before described, which consists in the contemporaneous but distributive
subjection of said cops each in turn to its appropriate step of the following contem-
poraneously conducted successive steps or operations namely; first saturation or
impregnation by sucking or forcing dyeing bleaching or other selected liquids
through given cops; and second substitution of cops to be impregnated for given
impregnated cops substantially as set forth.
2. The continuous process of dyeing scouring bleaching or otherwise treating a
series of cops, herein before described which consists in the contemporaneous but
distributive subjection of said cops each in turn to its appropriate step of the following
contemporaneously conducted successive steps or operations namely, first; saturation
0 or impregnation by sucking or forcing dyeing bleaching or other selected liquids
through given cops; second liquid exhaustion by forcing or sucking air or other
suitable liquid through given impregnated cops; and third, substitution of cops to be
impregnated and liquid-exhausted for given impregnated and liquid exhausted
cops substantially us set forth.
5
3. The continuous process of liquid exhausting a series of cops hereinbefore
described which consists in the contemporaneous but distributive subjection of said
cops each in turn to its appropriate step of the following contemporaneously conducted
successive steps or operations, namely; first liquid exhaustion by forcing or sucking
air or other suitable fluid, through given cops, and second substitution of cops to be
50 liquid exhausted for given liquid exhausted cops substantially as set forth.
4. The continuous process of dyeing with easily oxidizable liquid dyes a series of
cops hereinbefore described, which consists in the contemporaneous but distributive
subjection of said cops each in turn to its appropriate step of the following contem-
poraneously conducted successive steps or operations namely; first, air exhaustion by
55 sucking air from out given cops to be dyed; second saturation or impregnation by
sucking or forcing dyeing liquid through given air exhausted cops; and third

page_text: substitution of cops to be air exhausted and impregnated for given air exhausted and
impregnated for given air exhausted and impregnated cops substantially as set forth.
5. The continuous process of dyeing with easily oxidizable liquid dyes, a series of
cops hereinbefore described which consists in the contemporaneous but distributive
subjection of said cops each in turn to its appropriate step of the following contem-
poraneously conducted successive steps or operations namely first, air exhausting by
sucking air from out given oops to be dyed second saturation or impregnation by
sucking or forcing dyeing liquid through given air exhausted cops; third, liquid
exhaustion by forcing or sucking air or other suitable fluid through given
air-exhausted and impregnated cops and fourth substitution, substitution of cops to be
air exhausted impregnated and liquid exhausted for given air exhausted impregnated
and liquid exhausted cops substantially as set forth.
6. In combination a rotatable cop carrier having perforations in communication
with which cops are applied to said carrier and one or more fixed conduits over the
mouths of which the perforations of the carrier are caused to present as the carrier
is caused to rotate substantially as and for the purposes specified.
7. In an apparatus for dyeing bleaching or otherwise treating yarn in cops, the
following instrumentalities in combination; first as fixed tank; second a perforated
rotatable cop carrier; third, a charging conduit in communication with a charging
pump and fourth, a dead face substantially as set forth.
8. In an apparatus for dyeing bleaching and otherwise treating yarn in cops the
following instrumentalities in combination; first, a fixed tank; second, a perforated
rotatable cop carrier; third, a charging conduit in communication with a charging
pump; and fourth a liquid exhausting conduit in communication with a liquid
exhausting pump substantially as set forth.
a
9. In an apparatus for dyeing, bleaching, and otherwise treating yarn in cops,
the following instrumentalities in combination :-first, a fixed tank; second
perforated rotatable cop carrier; third a charging conduit in communication with a
charging pump; fourth a liquid exhausting conduit in communication with a liquid
exhausting pump and fifth a dead face substantially as set forth.
10. In an apparatus for treating yarn in cops the following instrumentalities in
combination; first a fixed frame work; second a perforated rotatable cop carrier ;
and third, a liquid exhausting conduit in communication with a liquid exhausting
pump substantially as set forth.
11. In an apparatus for treating yarn in cops, the following instrumentalities in
combination first, a fixed frame work; second a perforated rotatable cop-carrier;
third, a liquid exhausting conduit in communication with a liquid exhausting pump
and fourth, a dead face, substantially as set forth.
12. In an apparatus for treating yarn in cops the following instrumentalities in
combination; first a fixed frame work; second, a perforated rotatable cop carrier;
third a liquid exhausting conduit in communication with a liquid exhausting pump;
fourth, a dead face; and fifth mechanism, essentially for instance such as set forth for
imparting to the cop carrier a predetermined movement relative to the frame work
liquid exhausting conduit and dead face substantially as set forth.
13. In an apparatus for dyeing bleaching, and otherwise treating yarn in cops, the
following instrumentalities in combination; first, a fixed tank; second a perforated
rotatable cop carrier; third, a charging in communication with a charging pump;
fourth a dead face; and fifth, mechanism essentially, for instance such as set forth,
for imparting to the cop carrier a predetermined movement relative to the tank,
charging conduit, and dead face substantially as set forth.
14. In an apparatus for dyeing bleaching and otherwise treating yarn in cops the
following instrumentalities in combination; first, a fixed tank; second a perforated
rotatable cop carrier; third, a charging conduit in communication with a charging
pump; fourth, a liquid exhausting conduit in communication with a liquid exhausting
pump; fifth, a dead face, and sixth mechanism essentially for instance such as set
forth for imparting to the cop carrier a predetermined movement relative to the tank,
charging conduit, liquid exhausting conduit and dead face substantially as set forth.

page_text: 15. In an apparatus for dyeing bleaching and otherwise treating yarn in cops,
ollowing instrumentalities in combination; first a fixed tank; second a perforated
otatable cop carrier; third a charging conduit in communication with a charging
ump; fourth a dead face; fifth, a carrier body; and sixth, mechanism essentially
or instance such as set forth for imparting to the cop carrier a predetermined
movement relative to the tank, charging conduit and dead face substantially as set
orth.
16. In an apparatus for dyeing bleaching and otherwise treating yarn in cops; the
ollowing instrumentalities in combination; first a fixed tank; second, a perforated
rotatable cop carrier; third a charging conduit in communication with a charging
pump; fourth a liquid exhausting conduit in communication with a liquid exhausting
pump fifth a dead face; sixth a carrier body; and seventh, mechanism essentially
for instance such as set forth for imparting to the cop carrier a predetermined move-
ment relative to the tank, charging conduit liquid exhausting conduit and dead face
substantially as set forth.
17. In an apparatus for dyeing yarn in cops the following instrumentalities in
combination-first, a fixed tank; second a perforated rotatable cop carrier; third,
an air exhausting chamber in communication with an air exhausting device; fourth a
charging conduit in communication with a charging pump; fifth a dead face, and
sixth, a carrier body substantially as set forth.
18. In an apparatus for dyeing yarn cops, the following instrumentalities in
combination; first, a fixed tank; second a perforated rotatable cop-carrier; third an
air exhausting chamber in communication with an air exhausting device, fourth a
charging conduit in communication with a charging pump; fifth a liquid exhausting
conduit in communication with a liquid exhausting pump; sixth a dead face, and
seventh a carrier body substantially as set forth.
19. In an apparatus for dyeing bleaching and otherwise treating yarn in cops, the
following instrumentalities in combination; first a tank to contain dyeing bleaching
or other desired liquid, second a perforated rotatable cop carrier adapted to be
supplied with removable applied cops; third a charging conduit in exterior communi-
cation with a suction or pressure pump and in interior communication with given
perforations in the cop carrier; fourth a dead face to act in connection with other
given perforatious of the cop carrier; and fifth suitable means such for instance as the
carrier body B for maintaining the foregoing instrumentalities in their given relative
disposition substantially as set forth.
20. In an apparatus for dyeing bleaching and otherwise treating yarn in cops the
following instrumentalities in combination; first, a tank to contain dyeing bleaching
or other desired liquid; second a perforated rotatable cop carrier adapted to be
supplied with removably applied cops; third a charging conduit in exterior communi-
cation with a suction or pressure pump and in interior communication with given
perforations in the cop carrier; fourth, a liquid exhausting conduit in exterior com-
munication with a liquid exhausting pump and in interior communication with other
given perforations in the cop carrier; fifth a dead face to act in connection with yet
other given perforations of the cop-carrier and sixth suitable means such for
5 instance as the carrier body B for maintaining the foregoing instrumentalities in their
given relative disposition substantially as set forth.
21. In an apparatus for dyeing bleaching and otherwise treating yarn in cops the
following instrumentalities in combination; first; a tank to contain dyeing bleaching
or other desired liquid; second a perforated rotatable cop carrier adapted to be
O supplied with removably applied cops; third, a charging conduit in exterior com-
munication with a suction or a pressure pump and in interior communication with
given perforations in the cop carrier; fourth a dead face to act in connection with
other given perforations of the cop carrier; and fifth a carrier body with reference
to which the cop carrier rotates which has a chamber in communication with the
55 charging conduit and which also embodies the aforesaid dead face substantially as and
for the purposes set forth.
22. In an apparatus for dyeing bleaching and otherwise treating yarn in cops the
C

page_text: following instrumentalities in combination :-first a tank to contain dyeing bleaching
or other desired liquid, second a perforated rotatable cop carrier adapted to be supplied
with removably applied cops; third, a charging conduit in exterior communication
with a suction or pressure pump and in interior communication with given perforations
in the cop carrier; fourth a liquid exhausting conduit in exterior communication with
a liquid exhausting pump and interior communication with other given perforations in
the cop carrier; fifth a dead face to act in connection with yet other given perforations
of the cop carrier; and sixth a carrier body with reference to which the cop carrier
rotates; which has a chamber in communication with the charging conduit and a
chamber in communication with the liquid exhausting conduit and which embodies
the aforesaid dead face substantially as and for the purpose set forth.
23. In an apparatus for dyeing bleaching and otherwise treating yarn in cops the
following instrumentalities in combination; first a tank for containing liquid; second
a carrier body fixedly mounted referably to the tank and partly within said tank;
third a rotatable perforated cop carrier adapted to be supplied with removably applied
cops and which is rotated with respect to said carrier body; fourth a charging
conduit in communication with a charging pump and through the intervention of
the carrier body with given perforations in the cop carrier; and fifth a dead face
through the intervention of said carrier body presented to given perforations of the
cop carrier substantially as and for the purposes set forth.
24. In an apparatus for dyeing bleaching and otherwise treating yarn in cops the
following instrumentalities in combination :-first a tank for containing liquid;
second a carrier body fixedly mounted referably to the tank and partly within said
tank; third a rotatable perforated cop carrier adapted to be supplied with removably
applied cops and which is rotated with respect to said carrier body; fourth, a charging
conduit in communication with a charging pump and through the intervention of the
carrier body with given perforations in the cop carrier; fifth a liquid exhausting
conduit in communication with a liquid exhausting pump and through the intervention
of said carrier body with given perforations in the cop carrier; and sixth a dead face
through the intervention of said carrier body presented to given perforations of the
cop carrier substantially as and for the purpose set forth.
25. In an apparatus for dyeing yarn in cops the following instrumentalities, in
combination; first a fixed tank; second a perforated rotatable cop carrier; third, an
air-exhausting conduit in communication with an air exhausting pump; fourth, a
charging conduit in communication with a charging pump; fifth a liquid exhausting
conduit in communication with a liquid exhausting pump; sixth a dead face, seventh,
suitable means essentially such as set forth for disconnecting or cutting of the air
exhausting conduit separately or together from the pump or pumps in connection
with which they operate substantially as set forth.
26., In an apparatus for dyeing bleaching and otherwise treating yarn in cops
screens in combination with a cop carrier adapted to be supplied with cops sub-
stantially as and for the purpose specified.
27. In a machine of the class herein recited in combination with a rotatable cop
carrier having perforations, hollow nipples provided with spindle retaining catches
and supplied to said perforations substantially as and for the purpose specified.
28. In a machine of the class herein recited the combination of a fixed tank, a
carrier body, a cop carrier having movement referably to said carrier body and dye
slots formed in the carrier body substantially as and for the purposes set forth.
Dated this 22nd day of August 1887