IMPROVEMENTS IN PUMPS FOR RAISING AND FORCING LIQUIDS
Year: 1866

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Joseph Beverley Fenby, of Birmingham, in the
County of Warwick, Mechanical Engineer, for the Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN PUMPS FOR RAISING AND FORCING LIQUIDS."
Sealed the 31st July 1866, and dated the 13th February 1866.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Joseph Beverley Fenby
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 13th February 1866.
I, JOSEPH BEVERLEY FENBY, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick,
Mechanical Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PUMPS FOR RAISING AND FORCING LIQUIDS," to be as
follows:-
My Invention consists of the arrangements of the parts of pumps herein-
after described whereby great simplicity and efficiency are secured in
pumps for raising and forcing a continuous and uniform or nearly uniform
stream of liquid.
I will describe my Invention with reference to raising and forcing
In making portable pumps I construct and arrange the parts in
the following manner :-I fix side by side upon a nearly triangular foot or
support three hollow cylinders or tubes, two of the said tubes being pump
barrels in which pistons work, the said pistons being simultaneously raised
and lowered by the same handle; the third tube constitutes an air vessel

page_text: as herein-after explained. The bottoms of the three tubes are closed by
the foot or bottom plate and the tops of the said tubes are closed by a top
plate. The bottom plate has water ways as herein-after explained and the
top plate has a waterway and also stuffing boxes through which the piston
rods of the pumps work. The delivery pipe also passes through the top
plate. The water is admitted direct to one only of the pump barrels by a
water way in the bottom plate, and the piston valve of that barrel opens
upwards. The water from this barrel, which will call the first barrel,
passes out at its top through a passage in the top plate into the second barrel,
entering the said second barrel at its top. The piston of the second barrel
has a valve which opens downwards. The water passes from the bottom
of the second barrel into the third tube or air vessel through a passage in
the bottom plate, the water entering the said air vessel at the bottom. The
delivery pipe is situated in the axis of the air vessel opening near the
bottom and passing out at the top. By the construction and arrangement
of parts described the water enters the first barrel at the bottom and
passing out at its top enters the second barrel at. its top and descends in
the said second barrel, passing out at its botton into the air vessel. The
course of the water is the same whether the 'pistons are being raised or
lowered, the motion of the water being produced during the raising of the
pistons by the piston of the first barrel, and during the descent of the
pistons by the piston of the second barrel. There is thus produced a
stream of water which is uniform if the motion of the handle by which
the pump is worked be uniform, and is also constant but for the short
interval required for reversing the motion of the pistons. The air vessel
'so equalizes the stream passing from the delivery pipe that it is practically
constant and uniform. The air vessel may be made to surround the pump
barrels instead of being placed by the side. I prefer the arrangement first
described for small portable pumps such as hydropults, and the last
described arrangement for larger and stationary pumps.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Joseph Beverley Fenby in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 9th August 1866.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOSEPH
BEVERLEY FENDY, of Birmingham, in the 'County of Warwick, Mechanical
Engineer, send greeting.

page_text: WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Thirteenth day of February, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-six, in the twenty-ninth
year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and
grant unto me, the said Joseph Beverley Fenby, Her special licence that I,
the said Joseph Beverley Fenby, my executors, administrators, and assigns
or such others as I, the said Joseph Beverley Fenby, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others,
from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein
expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within
the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands,
and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PUMPS FOR RAISING AND
FORCING LIQUIDS," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said
Joseph Beverley Fenby, my executors or administrators, by an instrument
in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should par-
ticularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in
what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be
filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Joseph Beverley Fenby, do hereby
declare, the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement thereof, that is to say :-
My Invention consists of the arrangements of the parts of pumps herein-
after described, whereby great simplicity and efficiency are secured in
pumps for raising and forcing a continuous and uniform or nearly uniform
stream of liquid.
I will describe my Invention with reference to raising and forcing water.
In making portable pumps I construct and arrange the parts in the
following manner:-I fix side by side upon a nearly triangular foot or
support three hollow cylinders or tubes, two of the said tubes being pump
barrels in which pistons work, the said pistons being simultaneously raised
and lowered by the same handle. The third tube constitutes an air vessel
as herein-after explained. The bottoms of the three tubes are closed by
the foot or bottom plate, and the tops of the said tubes are closed by a top
plate or by caps. The bottom plate has waterways as herein-after explained,
and the top plate has a waterway and also stuffing boxes through which
the piston rods of the pumps work. The delivery pipe also passes through
the top plate. The water is admitted direct to one only of the pump

page_text: '
barrels by a waterway in the bottom plate, and the piston valve of that
barrel opens upwards. The water from this barrel, which I will call the
first barrel, passes out at its top through a passage in the top plate into the
second barrel, entering the said second barrel at its top. The piston of the
second barrel has a valve which opens downwards. The water passes from
the bottom of the second barrel into the third tube or air vessel through a
passage in the bottom plate, the water entering the said air vessel at the
bottom. The delivery pipe is situated in the axis of the air vessel opening
near the bottom and passing out at the top. By the construction and
arrangement of parts described the water enters the first barrel at the
bottom and passing out at its top enters the second barrel at its top and
descends in the said second barrel passing out at its bottom into the air
vessel. The course of the water is the same whether the pistons are being
raised or lowered, the motion of the water being produced during the
raising of the pistons by the piston of the first barrel and during the
descent of the pistons by the piston of the second barrel. There is thus
produced a stream of water which is uniform if the motion of the
handle by which the pump is worked be uniform, and is also constant
but for the short interval required for reversing the motion of the pistons.
The air vessel so equalizes the stream passing from the delivery pipe
that it is practically constant and uniform. The air vessel may be made
to surround the pump barrels instead of being placed by the side. I prefer
the arrangement first described for small portable pumps such as hydro-
pults, and the last-described arrangement for larger and stationary pumps.
Having explained the nature of iny Invention I will proceed to describe,
with reference to the accompanying Drawings, the manner in which the
same is to be performed. Figure 1 represents a front elevation, and
Figure 2 a side elevation of a hydropult or small portable pump constructed
according to my Invention. Figure 3 is a vertical section of Figure 1,
and Figure 4 is a vertical section of Figure 2. Figure 5 is a cross section
of the pump taken through the line a. Figure 1 and Figure 6 is a cross
section of the pump taken through the line b, Figure 2. The same letters
of reference indicate the same parts in Figures 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6. The
said hydropult or pump consists of three hollow cylinders or tubes marked
respectively c, d, e, fixed side by side upon a foot or support f. Two of
the hollow cylinders marked c, d, are pump barrels, and the third hollow
cylinder e constitutes an air vessel. In the pump barrels c, d, the pistons
, d, work the said pistons, being simultaneously raised and lowered by
the handle g connected to the piston rods c³, d³. The valve h of the

page_text: piston opens upwards, and the valve i of the piston d opens downwards.
C³
The bottoms of the three tubes c, d, e, are closed by the bottom plate k,
and the tops by screw caps as represented. The tops of the pump barrels
are also provided with stuffing boxes m, through which the piston
rods c, d, work. The bottom plate k is furnished with two water
ways n, o. Around the upper part of the pump barrels c, d, and air
vessel e, is a belt or plate p, in which is a water way q for establishing a
communication between the two pump barrels c, d; r is the entrance pipe
connected to the bottom of the pump barrel c, and s is the delivery pipe
situated in the axis of the air vessel e. The said delivery pipe s opens
near the bottom of the air vessel and passes through the top of the said
vessel, and is connected to the flexible pipe t provided with a nozzle u.
In the bottom of the air vessel e is a valve e² opening upwards, which
valve closes during the interval required for reserving the motion of the
pump pistons c, d, and thereby prevents the return of the water to the
pump barrels. This valve is, however, not absolutely necessary, as the
pump will answer for many purposes without it. The direction of the
water through the pump is as follows:-The water is admitted by the
waterway at n in the bottom plate k to the pump barrel c; the water
from the said barrel c passes out at its top through the passage or water-
way ġ in the belt p into the pump barrel d. From the said barrel d the
water enters the air tube or vessel e at the bottom thereof through the pas-
sage or waterway o in the bottom plate k. By working the pistons c, d, by
means of the handle g, the water enters the barrel c, passing out at its top,
and enters the barrel d at its top; through the water way g the water
descends, the barrel d, and passes out at its bottom into the air vessel e,
and is delivered therefrom by the pipes, the motion of the water being
produced during the raising of the pistons by the piston c* of the first
barrel c, and during the descent of the pistons by the piston d of the
second barrel d, as will be readily understood by an examination of the
section, Figure 3. On the reversal of the motion of the pistons c³, d³, com-
munication between the air vessel and pump barrels is cut off by the
closing of the valve et at the bottom of the said air vessel.
Figure 7 represents partly in front elevation and partly in vertical sec-
tion a stationary pump constructed according to my Invention, in which
the air vessel is made to surround the pump barrels instead of being placed
by the side; Figure 8 is an end elevation of the same, and Figure 9 is a
plan, partly in horizontal section, of the same; Figures 10 and 11 are
modifications of some of the details of the pump, as herein-after explained.

page_text: The same letters indicate the same parts in Figures 7, 8, 9, 10, and 11;
b, 63 are the pump barrels situated within the air vessel a, the said barrels
and air vessel being fixed upon the base plate and bracket c. In the said
pump barrels are the pistons d, d, containing valves arranged as herein-
before explained. The pump barrels are in communication with each
other at top by the arched passage e, made in the cover of the said pump
barrels is the induction or entrance pipe opening into the pump barrel b,
and g is the eduction or delivery pipe at the side of the air vessel a. The
entrance pipe fis indicated in dotted lines in Figure 9, from which Figure
9 the position of the said pipe with respect to the pump barrels is best
seen. The course of the water through the pump is as follows:-The
water passes up the induction or entrance pipe f to the pump barrel b, up
the said barrel b and through the passage e at the top to the second pump
barrel 6, and through the passage h at the bottom of the barrel into the
air chamber a, and from thence by the eduction or delivery pipe g. The
action of this pump is the same as that previously described. The rods i, i,
and pistons d, d, are simultaneously raised and lowered in the following
manner: The ends of the said rods are rigidly connected to the cross
head . This cross head moves upon the bed or slide m, fixed by preference
to the induction pipe f. The shape of the slide m and cross head is best
seen in the plan, Figure 9. A rising and falling motion is communicated
to the cross head by means of the lever n, connected to the said cross
head by the link o. The lever n is keyed upon the axis or pin p, upon
which is also keyed the double socket piece q. Into these sockets q, q,
hand spikes are inserted. By imparting a reciprocating motion to the
axis p by the hand spikes of the sockets q, q, a reciprocating motion is
communicated to the pump rods i, i, through the lever n, link o, and cross
head. Figure 10 represents a side elevation of an arrangement for con-
necting the lever to the cross head so as to avoid side strains. On the
cross head I, to which the piston rods are affixed, are forme: two lugs P,
to which the link o of the lever n is connected.
the end where the link o joins it as represented.
link o is brought into the same vertical plane as
side strains which more or less occur by the use of the arrangement first
described are avoided. I do not limit myself to any particular arrangement
for imparting motion to the pistons of the pump, nor to any particular
motive power.
The lever o is divided at
By this arrangement the
the piston rods i, and the
In Figures 7, 8, and 9 the pump barrels 6, 63, consist of tubes made by
preference of brass held down by the cap e and bolts r (see Figures 8

page_text: and 9). The said pump barrels and cap may, however, be made in one
casting, each barrel being lined with a brass tube. The last-described
construction of the pump barrels is represented in section in Figure 11
(without the air vessel), where 6, 63, are the pump barrels and cap cast in
one piece, and 63, 6, are the brass tubes constituting linings to the said
barrels. In this arrangement the aperture in the base plate c is so made
as to permit of the withdrawal of the pump barrels b, 6, induction pipe f
and the parts immediately connected therewith, without removing the air
chamber. The pistons of these pump barrels are represented solid, or
without packing, while those in the pump barrels, Figures 7, 8, and 9, are
constructed for packing. When this pump is used for lifting from a tank
or well the induction pipe f should be provided with a foot valve to keep
the pump charged when at rest. Instead of making the pump stationary
as represented, it may be placed on a carriage and be used as a fire engine.
When used as a fire engine or as an ordinary force pump, the hose is
attached to the outlet or delivery pipe g.
Although I have described and represented the arrangement of my
Invention, shewn in Figures 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6, as being especially suited
for portable pumps, and that shown in Figures 7, 8, 9, 10, and 11, for
large and stationary pumps, yet the said arrangements may be used for
such other purposes as the same are applicable to.
By arranging the parts of pumps according to my Invention a stream
of water is produced which is uniform if the motion of the pistons or
plungers be uniform, and is also constant but for the slight interval
required for reversing the motion of the pistons or plungers. The air
vessel into which the water from the barrels passes in the manner described
80 equalizes the stream passing from the eduction or delivery pipe that
the said stream is practically constant and uniform.
Having now described the nature of my Invention, and the manner in
which the same is to be performed, I wish it to be understood that I do
not limit myself to the precise details herein described and illustrated,
as the same may be varied without departing from the nature of my
Invention.
But I claim as my Invention the improvements in pumps for raising
and forcing liquids herein-before described and illustrated in the accom-
panying Drawings, that is to say, combining or arranging two pump
barrels, the pistons or plungers of which are simultaneously raised and
lowered, and an air vessel or chamber substantially in the ways herein-
:

page_text: before described and illustrated, whereby a continuous and uniform or
nearly uniform stream of liquid is raised and forced.
In witness whereof, I, the said Joseph Beverley Fenby, have here-
unto set my hand and seal, this Eighth day of August, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-six.
JOSEPH BEVERLEY FENBY. (L.S.)
'Witness,
RICHARD SKERRETT,
Clerk to George Shaw,
Birmingham.