matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
BICYCLES AND TRICYCLES."
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Toope at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 19th August 1881.
CHARLES TOOPE, of Stepney, in the County of Middlesox.
BICYCLES AND TRICYCLES."
"IMPROVEMENTS IN
My Invention relates more especially to bicycles, although applicable also to
certain classes of tricycles, that is to say, those in which there is a single front
driving wheel carrying the treadles; and my Invention has for its object to lessen
the jolting and tremulous motion to which the riders of such vehicles as at present
constructed are subject in passing over uneven surfaces.
My Invention consists in a novel method of mounting the driving wheel, and
in the employment of springs so arranged as to moderate or destroy the effect of
the impulses resulting from inequalities in the roads.
According to my Invention, the back bone of the vehicle is fitted on a spindle or
shaft rising from the fork, and between the fork and the socket of the backbone,
which fits freely on the spindle, is interposed a coiled spring, the whole being held
in place by a collar adjusted by a set screw. The lower ends of the fork of the
driving wheel terminate in boxes in which bearings are fitted carrying the axle,
the bearings being arranged to move freely up and down in guides and provided
with springs contained in the boxes and acting against the upper part of the
bearings.
The bearings are enclosed by a cap or cover, and the box is provided at each
side with slots to enable the axle to move up and down.
IMPROVEMENTS IN OR APPLICABLE TO LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Holding at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 17th May 1881.
JOSEPH HOLDING, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Engineer.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN OR APPLICABLE TO LOOMS FOR WEAVING."
My Invention relates to the picking apparatus, that is to say, to the parts which
act upon the shuttle to propel it through the shed, as is well understood. In the
ordinary picking apparatus the picking sticks are connected with the pickers by
means of leather straps or bands, and are acted upon by parts which cause each of
the said picking sticks to give a sudden jerk to the picker. Owing to the great
rapidity with which the parts are brought from a state of rest into a quick
movement, there is a great strain upon the picking bands and other parts which
causes the rapid deterioration of the parts.
To remedy this defect I impart an amount of elasticity to the strain which is put
upon each picking band by partly transmitting the motion through a spring. In
one arrangement I attach a flat curved spring by one end to the picking stick, and
I cause the picking band to pass over the said spring on its way to the picker, so
that when the strain is put upon the band the spring yields and modifies the effect
of the sudden jerk. I may use spiral springs acting upon a cross bar over which
the picking band passes, or any suitable form and arrangement of spring or of
springs.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SECONDARY BATTERIES
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Arthur Pillans Laurio at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 28th June 1881.
ARTHUR PILLANS LAURIE, of Nairne Lodge, Duddingstone, Edinburgh, North
Britain, "IMPROVEMENTS IN SECONDARY BATTERIES."
My Invention relating to improvements in secondary batteries has reference to
the use for that purpose of a battery containing a single fluid, viz., a solution
of iodide of zinc in water, the plates of the battery being zinc and carbon.
When a current is passed through the cell, zinc is deposited on the zinc plate,
and iodine is set free at the carbon plate. The iodine is held in solution by the
iodide of zinc.
If the cell is now used to supply a current, the iodide of zinc attacks the zinc
plate, the zinc set free at the carbon pole being dissolved by the free iodine.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF TREATING HORN-SHAVINGS
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Frank Wirth at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 26th February 1881. A communi-
cation from Carl Zincke, of Hamburg, in the Empire of Germany.
'
"
FRANK WIRTH, of the Firm of Wirth and Company, Patent Solicitors, at
Frankfort on the Main, in the Empire of Germany. IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
METHOD OF TREATING HORN-SHAVINGS." [A communication from Carl Zincke,
of Hamburg, in the Empire of Germany.]
The Invention communicated to me relates to an improved method of producing
a consistent horn mass from horn shavings.
In carrying out the Invention the horn shavings to be treated are soaked for a
period of about one hour in a solution prepared by dissolving boracic acid in cold
water until the water will receive no more, and then in a cold solution of arsenious
acid and diluted muriatic acid.
These two solutions can be mixed as wished, but a suitable proportion is about
twice as much boracic acid solution as arsenious acid solution.
The solution which contains the swelled horn substances is next placed in a
water bath for about one hour, which bath is kept at a temperature of about 60°
centigrade.
The horn substance is now placed in iron forms or moulds, and heated up to
about 120° centigrade, at the same time being subjected to great pressure, and
thus treated until all liquid has passed off.
When the mass has become cool the horn shavings will be found to have united
in one solid mass, which can be cut and worked like natural horn.
Several sheets of horn can be thus pressed in one form or mould provided they
are divided by means of tinned steel plates.
The material produced by the hereinbefore described process is insoluble in
water and alcohol, and possesses great elasticity and toughness; it can be carved,
turned or cut, stained or polished, and may be moulded by pressure.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ELECTRIC
Year: 1881

page_text: of the Commissioners of Patents on the 29th March 1881.
JOCELYN HORNE THOMSON, of Shoeburyness.
DRILLS."
"
IMPROVEMENTS IN ELECTRIC
This Invention relates to drilling machines operated by electricity, and which
are specially adapted for use as portable drilling machines to be held up to the work
by hand.
The drill worked by electricity is contained in a metal frame, in the central part
of which are fitted two revolving drill spindles, one within the other, the larger
being hollow and the smaller one solid. The small spindle has at its end a shoulder
on to which a drill or bit is fitted, and prevented from turning on the spindle by
means of a feather and slot. Another drill or bit is similarly fitted on to a shoulder
on the hollow spindle, and is made hollow to allow of the drill or bit on the small
spindle revolving within it. The revolving spindles are driven in opposite
directions, each having fixed to it a bevel toothed wheel, which two wheels gear
into and are operated by two bevél pinions, each fixed to a tubular part or sleeve
made so as to revolve on a fixed axis at right angles to the revolving spindles, such
axis passing from side to side of the frame, an aperture through the same being
provided for the small drill spindle to work in. To each of the loose tubular parts
or sleeves is fixed a disc, to which eight pairs of iron bars are connected. The said
bars are wound with insulated wire so as to form electro magnets. These in turn
attract armatures fixed to the frame. The electric current is admitted through a
terminal, whence it passes to a contact maker, thence to brushes, and from these
latter to insulated rings, each split into eight parts to correspond to the magnets,
and so arranged that only those magnets are in action which are approaching the
armatures. From the magnets the electric current passes to another set of
insulated rings, and thence by the brushes to a terminal. The connecting wires
pass along the frame of the machine. Suitable handles are provided by which the
operator may hold and work the machine.
If the diameter of the small drill or bit be in the ratio of 794 (or thereabouts) to
the diameter of the larger drill or bit, the two drills or bits will counteract each
other, and the frame will not have a tendency to turn round. Single drills or bits
may however be employed when (as in the case of small work) convenient.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BICYCLES AND TRICYCLES, APPLICABLE ALSO TO OTHER SIMILAR VEHICLES."
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Ormsby Rowland at the Office
the Commissioners of Patents on the 12th April 1881.
"
ROBERT ORMSBY ROWLAND, of the City of Manchester, in the County of
Lancaster, Private Secretary. IMPROVEMENTS IN BICYCLES AND TRICYCLES,
APPLICABLE ALSO TO OTHER SIMILAR VEHICLES."
The object of my Invention is to secure an increased rate of speed to allow the
use of a large driving wheel, to permit the vehicle to be ridden or driven by
persons of all statures indifferently, and to enable the driver to sit so far back as to
reduce the risk of his falling or being thrown over the front of the vehicle.
My improvements consist in substituting for the ordinary crank of a bicycle a
spur pinion which gears into a larger internal spur wheel. The internal spur
wheel has its centre of revolution in an axis, which is secured to the fork in such a
manner that it may be raised and lowered at will. The internal spur wheel gears
with the spur pinion, and has upon one of its arms the treadle for driving. In
tricycles I prefer to employ two equal driving wheels in front and a smaller
wheel behind for steering, and the same system of gearing for each driving wheel
consisting of an internal toothed spur wheel and a spur pinion, the latter of which
may be keyed upon the axles, while the former is attached to a portion of the
framing in such a manner that the height of its centre may be varied. The axles
of the two driving wheels terminate at the spur pinions, and are also mounted in
the framing.
IMPROVEMENTS IN NAILS FOR THE PROTECTION OF BOOTS AND SHOES
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Albert Burton at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 19th February 1881.
ALBERT BURTON, of Leeds, in the County of York, Leather and Grindery
Merchant. "IMPROVEMENTS IN NAILS FOR THE PROTECTION OF BOOTS AND
SHOES."
My Invention has reference to nails for the protection of boots and shoes. The
heads are so formed (by preference segmental) that they may be placed in close
proximity to each other, and form a continuous surface on and around any worn
part of the heel or sole of a boot or shoe; I make the heads thicker at one end than
at the other (such being longer in a radial direction) so as to readily adapt them-
selves to such worn parts, and at the same time produce a surface about equal in
level to that of the original new boot or shoe, thus rendering the boot or shoe
more comfortable to the wearer than in its ordinary worn down state..
My nails may also be used on the soles or heels of new boots or shoes in those
positions most likely to be worn down, thus preserving such parts in proper form
for a lengthened period; and having but one prong my nails are more easily fixed
in position than those having several prongs.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR WORKING DRAIN PLOUGHS
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Bull at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 24th February 1881.
GEORGE BULL, of Lower Shuckburgh, in the County of Warwick, Farmer.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR WORKING DRAIN PLOUGHS."
My Invention has for its object an increased facility in draining land by means
of the ordinary drain ploughs, and consists in substituting for the ordinary method
of drawing the plough by horse power and windlass a mode of arranging pulleys
in such a manner that the plough can be drawn through the land by the horses
proceeding in a straight line instead of in a circular path as usual, thereby bringing
the power of the horses to act more directly on the plough, and diminishing the
distance travelled by the horses and the time required for draining a given quantity
of land. For this purpose a plank of timber is laid transversely to the intended
path of the plough, to about the middle of which plank the anchor is fixed with a
joint. On the upper surface of the plank is bolted a plate, between which and an
upper plate is mounted a pulley; and there is another pulley similarly mounted
between two plates on the front part of the beam of the plough. The chain for
working the plough is connected at one end to the beam, and passing round the
pulley on the plank is again passed round the pulley on the beam, and the other
end of the chain is fastened to and drawn by the horses.
By means of the above arrangement, on the horses travelling in a straight
direction the distance of the length of the chain, the plough will be drawn forward
a third of that distance, when it will become necessary to shift the plank and
proceed with another length.
IMPROVEMENTS. IN THE PRESERVATION OF ALIMENTARY SUBSTANCES, BOTH SOLID AND FLUID
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Mander Allender at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 12th April 1881.
GEORGE MANDER ALLENDER, of No. 31, St. Petersburgh Place, Bayswater,
in the County of Middlesex, Manager of the Aylesbury Dairy Company,
Limited. "IMPROVEMENTS. IN THE PRESERVATION OF ALIMENTARY SUBSTANCES,
BOTH SOLID AND FLUID."
My Invention relates to the preservation of meat, preparations of meat, soups,
lard, and a variety of alimentary substances by the use of metaphosphoric acid,
orthophosphoric acid, or other form of phosphoric acid.
When treating a solid substance, such as meat, I propose to inject a solution of
the acid into the pores or fibre of the meat by the aid of a pump or other suitable
means of pressure.
In treating liquids, I propose to intimately mix the acid therewith in the most
suitable manner.
I may also find it preferable in some cases to apply the phosphoric acid in a solid
state, and not in solution as aforesaid,
I propose also to arrest fermentation in beer and other fermented liquids or
solids by similar applications of phosphoric acid.
IMPROVEMENTS IN EXTRACTING SILVER AND OTHER METALS FROM ORES
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William James Fuller at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 18th June 1881.
WILLIAM JAMES FULLER, of Lombard Street, in the City of London.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN EXTRACTING SILVER AND OTHER METALS FROM ORES."
In order to obtain silver from sulphurous ores containing silver admixed with lead,
it has been proposed to heat the ore together with sulphuric acid to convert the lead
into insoluble sulphate; at the same time sulphurous fumes are driven off, which
are conducted into a leaden chamber to be converted into sulphuric acid by the
action upon them of nitrous fumes obtained from nitrate of potash contained in the
chamber.
According to my Invention I tako the oro after it has been heated together with
sulphuric acid and washed to remove the soluble salts, and I saturate it with nitric
acid, and again heat the mass to convert the silver and other metals, such as nickel
and cobalt, into nitrates.
All acid fumes driven off during this operation I conduct into the leaden chambers,
into which the sulphurous acid driven off in the operation of heating the ore with
sulphuric acid is passed.
Subsequently the ore is lixiviated with water, thereby removing from it the
nitrate of silver and other solublo nitrates and nitric acid. This solution, after
previous concentration, may be used over and over again until saturated with metal,
and may then be introduced into the leaden chamber to aid in converting the
sulphurous into sulphuric acid, and the silver may be recovered from the residue
removed from the chambers.
Or the silver may be removed from the solution of nitrates by well known means,
and the residual nitrates having been mixed with sulphuric acid may be used for
dissolving out fresh quantities of silver as above.
IMPROVEMENTS IN EXPANDING AND CONTRACTING FIRE GRATES
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Jeffrey Hopkins at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 14th June 1881.
WILLIAM JEFFREY HOPKINS, of Sansome Walk, Worcester, Architect
"IMPROVEMENTS IN EXPANDING AND CONTRACTING FIRE GRATES."
The Invention consists of an arrangement that admits of the grate being readily
enlarged or contracted by means of the side bars or that which unites them being
made and so arranged as to slide backwards and forwards into the jambs of the
fireplace or hollow tubing in such a manner that the grate can readily be expanded
or contracted so as to be suited for a large or small fire, and easily adapted for the
use of either coal, wood, or peat, and moreover can, when required, be removed bodily
by any person, thus doing away entirely with the ordinary expense of fixing or
removal, and allowing the grate and adjuncts to be taken away and the whole fire
space to be used for ornamental purposes during the summer months, or at any
other time when the grate may not be required.
The method adopted for the insertion of the sliding bars is that of allowing them
to run backwards or forwards through an opening or openings in the jambs of the
fireplace into hollow spaces left for that purpose, and sliding upon iron slots or
upon friction rollers or balls, these may be made of any size or form. In addition
to which, iron dogs or uprights are used, iron friction rollers or balls are placed
underneath, by which means the uprights are made to roll upon a surface of
metal or other suitable material provided for that purpose.
Also in certain grates where thought desirable the sliding motion is obtained by
means of hollow side bars working upon an inner bar or rod, allowing of the same
expansion or contraction as above described by which the side bars are made to
rise or fall by means of pivots. Also in some cases the several bars and uprights are
made capable of being separated by means of pin holes and screws.
It is likewise intended to connect this grate with the arrangement of burrs and back
plates arrangement, so as by thus uniting them together the back draught may be
more effectually prevented than by any ordinary arrangement. The grate would
thus retain all the advantages of the ordinary register but having also the
additional advantage of removal and adaptation by means of contraction and
enlargement.
When the principle is applied to the ordinary bars somewhat similar to those
known as Leamington grates, double friction rollers are intended to be used for
the sliding portion of the bars to work upon.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN FURNACES
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Brook at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 11th March 1881.
EDWARD BROOK, of Bradford, in the County of York, Engineer. "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN FURNACES."
This Invention has reference to furnaces of the kind in respect of which Letters
Patent were granted to me dated the 16th day of July 1879, No. 2882.
According to my present Invention, the steam jet blowers are arranged to draw all
or part of the necessary air from or out of a covored hopper or hood provided over
the charging hole or holes, so that any smoke or gases that may he escaping around
the plug that closes. the charging hole may be drawn in along with the air and
economised, thus also obviating annoyance, such as in many situations may result
from escape of such smoke and gases into the atmosphere. Also a valve is
provided in the pipe leading from the steam jet blowers to the covered hopper,
such valve being placed between the steam nozzle and the air inlet for shutting off
the air supply when necessary, as in stopping at night.
The steam jet blowers may conveniently be arranged at the front of the furnace
on one or both sides of the doorway, in which case the airtight chamber under the
solid floor of iron plates, described in the Specification of my former Patent, may
be dispensed with.
IMPROVED MANUFACTURE OF RESPIRATOR INHALERS."
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Isaac Arrowsmith Best at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 23rd May 1881.
ISAAC ARROWSMITH BEST, Surgical Mechanist, of 19, Summer Lane, Birmingham,
in the County of Warwick. IMPROVED MANUFACTURE OF RESPIRATOR INHALERS."
**
The raising of the same in moulds or dies, in metal, horn, vulcanite, or other
material, and also in the form and shape of the same.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF NEEDLES
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Perks at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 14th September 1881. A communication
from abroad by Robert Crowley, of New York, in the United States of
America.
THOMAS PERKS, of Headless Cross, in the County of Worcester, Manufacturer.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF NEEDLES." [A communication from
abroad by Robert Crowley, of New York, in the United States of America.]
This Invention consists in making needles
so that one needle may carry
varying strengths of sewing material. This is effected by making the needle with
two eyes of different sizes, the one below the other, so that if a thread will not
pass in one of the eyes, the other is available. Both the eyes are sunk in a groove
on either side the needle, in which groove the thread is flush, so that the thickness
of the needle is not increased.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF INCANDESCENT LAMPS
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Scudamore Sellon at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 23rd December 1881.
JOHN SCUDAMORE SELLON of Hatton Garden in the County of Middlesox.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF INCANDESCENT LAMPS."
This Invention relates to the employment as a substitute for transparent glass as
now ordinarily employed in the construction of incandescent lamps of such glass
as is known as opal that is to say a semi-opaque or non transparent glass.
In carrying out my Invention I either construct the glass or bulb of the lamp of
glass which has been rendered opalescent through its entirety or which has been
rendered partially opalescent either by means of an internal or external lining
enamel coating or application of an opalescent material.
It will be understood that the bowl bulb or glass to be employed in the construc-
tion of incandescent lamps may be rendered either wholly or in part opalescent
that is to say that either the inferior the middle the lateral or the superior portion
or the whole of the bowl bulb or glass may be coated or rendered opalescent.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR CLEANING, BLACKING, AND POLISHING BOOTS, SHOES, AND OTHER ARTICLES
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Lever at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 26th March 1881.
THOMAS LEVER, of Nelson, in the County of Lancaster. "IMPROVEMENTS IN
APPARATUS FOR CLEANING, BLACKING, AND POLISHING BOOTS, SHOES, AND OTHER
ARTICLES."
The object of my Invention is to construct a simple machine which will more
effectually clean and polish boots, shoes, and other articles, and in less time than
any machine now constructed for this purpose, and is as follows:-
On a suitable frame or stand I employ one set of three circular, grooved, or
hollow brushes carried on a suitable spindle.
The bodies of the brushes I make preferably of wood, or they may be of india
rubber, in which are fixed the bristles."
The middle brush being the blacking brush it has a suitable receptacle for the
blacking, and a number of holes placed at intervals distributes the blacking, the
supply of which can be stopped or regulated by an india-rubber sheath placed
along with the blacking receptacle in the cavity of the brush.
This sheath is cut in several parts, which enables the operator to open or close
the blacking receptacle at will. The machine may be worked either by treadle,
hand, or motive power, and by means of pulley, strap, chain, or rope, the brushes
revolve at a great velocity.
The boot or boots are placed upon the hands of the attendant and held under
and in contact with the first brush which brushes off the dirt from the part of the
boots or shoes presented to it; the boot is then placed over the brush and in so
doing cleans the heels.
The boot is then presented to the second or blacking brush, and another boot
may be presented to the first brush and freed from dirt whilst the second blacks
the first boot, and so on in turn are presented to the different brushes, the operation
requiring about forty seconds.
Or the brushes may be of similar construction to above described, but upon
separate spindles and placed one behind another, so that whilst one brush is
operating upon the fore part of a boot, the other is operating upon the heel or
hinder part. The machine may be operated by treadle, preferably outside the
frame.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PROPULSION OF VEHICLES AND IN THE APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN."
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Charles Healey at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 24th May 1881.
EDWARD CHARLES HEALEY, of 86, Saint James Street, in the County of
Middlesex. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PROPULSION OF VEHICLES AND IN THE
APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN."
This Invention, which relates chiefly to the propulsion of wheeled carriages
propelled by human power, consists of means adapted for storing up the power
now wasted when a wheeled vehicle descends a hill, and utilizing the same for
the subsequent propulsion of the vehicle.
In carrying out the Invention in order to effect this object the vehicle is fitted
with a vessel, by preference of copper, and capable of sustaining a high internal
pressure, and also with an engine similar in most respects to a steam engine.
This engine gives motion by preference to the treadle shaft of the vehicle either
directly by a crank fitted on the end of the said shaft or by gearing, but any
convenient arrangement may be adopted for coupling the engine to the driving
wheel or wheels of the vehicle. The engine is fitted with link motion reversing
gear or its mechanical equivalent, and the valve chest is united to the copper
reservoir before mentioned by a suitable pipe. The action of the apparatus thus
described as being fitted to a wheeled vehicle is as follows:-The vehicle being at
the top of a hill and about to descend, the passenger puts the engine into back
gear. As the vehicle descends the hill the engine will be put in motion, and being
in back gear will, for reasons well understood, act the part of a pump, and pump.
air into the copper reservoir, in which the pressure will rise as the vehicle continues
to move. When a hill has to be ascended the engine is put in forward gear by the
passenger, and it then ceases to act as a pump and becomes an engine, and aids in
propelling the carriage, and the process is repeated whenever hills have to be
descended or climbed.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN OR APPLICABLE TO MACHINERY FOR WINDING, ROVING, DOUBLING, AND TWISTING FIBROUS SUBSTANCES
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Livesey Lee at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 9th April 1881.
JOHN LIVESEY LEE, of Wakefield, in the County of York, Spinner. "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN OR APPLICABLE TO MACHINERY FOR WINDING, ROVING, DOUBLING, AND
TWISTING FIBROUS SUBSTANCES."
This Invention has reference to apparatus for stopping the spindle when the
yarn or threads breaks, and also stopping the action of the drawing or delivery
rollers.
- My apparatus consists of a series of balance levers, from each of which is
suspended a vertical rod or pin passing through holes in a rigid frame or har;
underneath the series of pins is a revolving shaft, upon which is mounted a boss or
barrel carrying a series of cams; the barrel is capable of sliding on a feather on
the shaft. When an end or thread breaks the balance lever and pin which have
been supported by the thread fall, and the pin coming in contact with the revolving
cam underneath it the latter is caused to slide on the shaft and release a weighted
lever, to which are connected other levers, which through the driving band of the
spindle upon a loose pulley or otherwise effect the stoppage of the spindle, and also
lift the top drawing roller out of contact with the bottom one. By an arrange-
ment of foot-levers the apparatus can be readjusted as soon as the broken thread
is mended.
IM- PROVEMENTS IN LADDERS
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Whalley at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 2nd December 1881.
GEORGE WHALLEY, of Hackney, in the County of Middlesex, Gentleman. "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN LADDERS."
My Invention relates to a ladder so constructed that it may serve either as steps
needing no external support, or as an ordinary ladder to lean against support.
My improved ladder is constructed in two parts, hinged together so as to form a
set of steps of the ordinary form. The tops of the sides are so cut that the two
sides of the steps may meet when opened out to their full extent, and thus form
one continuous ladder.
The necessary rigidity in both cases is given by one or a pair of cross pieces
conveniently of metal. This cross piece, pivotted near the hinge of the steps to one
side, slides by a slot on a corresponding pivot on the other side. The pivots project
through the cross piece and are provided with eared nuts, so as to allow of the
cross piece being thereby rigidly fixed in any position. When the two sides aro
inclined to one another, forming a set of steps, the cross piece is across the apex of
the angle, and being lightened, holds the two sides at any desired angle of aperture.
When the two sides are extended to forin one continuous ladder, the cross piece,
sliding on the pivot along its slot lies along the ladder and across the junction,
where, being tightened, holds the same rigid and prevents collapse.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CAR COUPLINGS
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Gerard Wenzeslaus von Nawrocki at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 2nd November 1881.
A communication from Gustav Lippmann, of the City of Zwickau, in the
German Empire.
GERARD WENZESLAUS VON NAWROCKI, Proprietor of the Firm of J. Brandt and
G. W. v. Nawrocki, Patent Solicitor and Civil Engineer, of 124, Leipziger Strasse,
Berlin, Germany,
'IMPROVEMENTS IN CAR COUPLINGS." A communication from
Gustav Lippmann, of the City of Zwickau, in the German Empire.
The Invention relates to a novel arrangement of coupling for railway carriages,
by which the buffers serve to receive the parts of the coupling in order to dispense
with the usual central coupling, and whereby the same can be operated on from
the side of the car. The car buffers receive the coupling parts, which are arranged
alternately on the sides of the car in such a manner that always two suitable
coupling parts will get engaged. The two hollow buffer necks receive a loop, while
the other and conically shaped neck receives a coupling, which is in the buffer
neck. The loop is by means of a hinge connected to a rod, and is made moveable.
The rod extends through the cross piece at each end of the car, behind which a
spiral spring and cotter is arranged to secure the same. Two small springs are
employed to guide the loop in a central position during the time when being forced
out of the buffer neck, which is effected by means of a second spring employed
between the hinge of the said loop and rod, and the bottom of the said hollow
buffer neck. The pin of the hinge of hook extends through a slot formed in
the buffer neck in order to allow sufficient play for it to slide to and fro. In
addition to this slot there is an opening formed in the top part of the hollow neck
of the buffer, which allows the hook to rise when being uncoupled. On the pin of
the hook hook is fastened a lever provided with a counterweight, which causes
the hook always to be brought back to the indicated position. The coupling of the
car is effected automatically, whereby the loop enters the hollow part of the buffer
neck, and meeting with the hook causes it to rise until it surmounts the loop,
whereby the coupling of the car is effected. The uncoupling of the car is effected
by means of a shaft, which is situated at the head of each car and fastened to a
cross piece. Each end of this shaft is provided with a short hand lever under the
control of the operator. If the uncoupling of the car is to be effected the two hand
levers will be raised, by which action the hooks will be disengaged.
IMPROVEMENTS IN AND RELATING TO THE PRO- PELLING AND STEERING OF SCREW STEAMERS
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Friedrich Hermann Felix Engel at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 12th September 1881. A
communication from Georg Wilhelm Claussen, Engineer, of Bremerhaven, in
the German Empire.
FRIEDRICH HERMANN FELIX ENGEL, Civil Engineer and Patent Agent, in the
City of Hamburg, Germany. "IMPROVEMENTS IN AND RELATING TO THE PRO-
PELLING AND STEERING OF SCREW STEAMERS." A communication from Georg
Wilhelm Claussen, Engineer, of Bremerhaven, in the German Empire.
This Invention relates to improvements in steering ships by means of the pro-
peller-screw, and has for its object to enlarge the action of the rudder, or in other
cases to allow of steering the ship by the screw alone.
These improved steering arrangements differ from other known constructions
with which the screw is applied for steering purposes by supporting the screw in
its vertical axis or central vertical plane in such a manner that the screw turns
upward to about 60 degrees to the right and left on this axis, when the rudder or
rudder frame is turned correspondingly. This axis of the side inclinations of the
screw must fall in line with the axis on which the rudder frame is suspended, and
on which the latter swings.
The construction of the steering arrangement is as follows:-The shaft that
extends from the stern post is at its outer end formed in a shape resembling a ball,
and this ball is furnished with a slot for the reception of a bolt, or of a bolt and
boss; the nave of the screw is placed over this ball, and is either guided upon the
circular ends of the bolt, or the bolt is a fixture to the nave, and turns in a boss
fastened in the slot of the ball. In the former case the screw must be made out of
two parts that are placed over the ball, and are afterwards connected by screw
bolts or the like. The nave of the screw is or may conveniently be prolongated
towards the rudder frame, and this end of the nave is connected and supported by
a bolt, which latter may either be a fixture to the frame, in which case the nave
receives a metal box or boss and turns on this bolt, or the bolt may be a fixture to
the nave and be placed turnable in a box attached to the rudder frame. The
rudder frame is carried in a step bearing, formed or fastened to the prolongated
ship's keel, and is towards its upper end supported by post bosses and a bolt or
pintle. By this arrangement the rudder frame, stern post, and prolongated keel,
forms the screw frame.
IMPROVEMENTS IN AND APPERTAINING TO VELOCIPEDES
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Kemp Starley at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 30th August 1881.
JOHN KEMP STARLEY, of the Meteor Works, Coventry, in the County of
Warwick. "IMPROVEMENTS IN AND APPERTAINING TO VELOCIPEDES."
This Invention has for its objects,―
Firstly. The construction of a novel form of wheel for chain gearing for
velocipedes.
Secondly. An improved method of shifting or moving the saddle or seat.
Thirdly. A novel construction of differential or hill climbing gear.
Under the first head, instead of using rigid teeth on the chain wheel and friction
bowls or rollers on the chain, I construct a wheel with flanges or lugs at intervals
on its periphery in which are pivoted wheels, discs, or rollers. Connecting every
pair of links on the chain is a curved boss or shackle which runs or rides on the
discs or wheels on the chain wheel.
By this means friction is considerably reduced as compared with ordinary chain
gearing.
Under the second head, I fix the saddle or seat on a bar or rod sliding in a
socket, which socket extends back, and has at its rear extremity a boss through
which passes a lever, one end of which is carried forward into a suitable position
for a handle, and on the other end is fitted a lever to which is attached a connecting
rod, the other end of which is fastened to the bent rods.
By moving the handle the seat can be moved to any desired position.
Under the third head, in the hub of one or both of the driving wheels I fit or
form an internally toothed wheel. On the chain wheel (loose on the spindle) I fix
a pinion running on a stud and gearing with said internal wheel and with another
toothed wheel fastened on the spindle in such a manner that it may be brought
into gear with a pinion carried on an upright shaft.
On the crank shaft is another bevel wheel, and the aforesaid sliding rod,
carrying the bevel pinions at its ends, can be raised or lowered to gear said pinions
with the crank bevel and the shaft bevel; when speed is to be decreased and power
obtained, when said rod is thrown out of gear, the small pinion on the chain wheel
pulls round the internally toothed wheel on the hub so driving it.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF GARDEN RAKES."
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frank Parkes at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 25th February 1881.
FRANK PARKES, of the Firm of A. and F. Parkes, of Birmingham, in the County
of Warwick, Manufacturers. IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF GARDEN
RAKES."
In manufacturing garden rakes according to my Invention, I roll a flat bar of
iron or steel having a middle rib. I divide the said bar crosswise into portions or
blanks of a size suitable for the rake to be made.
I make, by sawing or otherwise, incisions on each side of the middle rib, the said
The central rib thus
incisions extending from one edge nearly to the other edge.
joined at one end only to the blank is raised out of the plane of the blank into a
position at right angles to the other part of the blank. The said rib is made into
the tang or socket of the rake. The parts from between which the rib has been
cut are now bent so as to be in the same line, and from the said parts of the blank
portions are cut so as to leave teeth of the required number and size.
Or instead of cutting the rolled bar crosswise as described, it may be so cut that
each portion has the greater part of its own rib cut away, but has a like portion of
the rib of the next piece attached to it, that is, each portion or blank has on one
edge a length of rib equal to the portion of the rib which has been cut from
its own middle. The rib is turned up, and the rake finished in the way already
described.
Or the tang or socket may be made separate from the other part of the rake,
and welded thereto. In this case the body of the rake is made from a bar of iron
or steel without the middle rib herein before referred to, and the teeth made in the
manner already described.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE FITTINGS AND FASTENINGS FOR SCARVES, TIES, AND CRAVATS
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Hopkins at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 18th November 1881.
GEORGE HOPKINS, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Manufacturer
of Light Brassfoundry. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE FITTINGS AND FASTENINGS FOR
SCARVES, TIES, AND CRAVATS."
My improvements in fittings and fastenings for scarves, ties, and cravats have
for their object better security and preserving the original appearance and shape
when in wear, and consist in providing a curved plate of metal of any suitablo
shape in lieu of the ordinary card board stiffening used at the back of the fabric
front or silk covering; and in so piercing or punching the said plate that the
pointed pin used for fastening the end of the scarf or cravat in position round tho
neck of the wearer may be more permanently fixed and secured in position, and
this I effect by either flattening the pin at a suitable part or parts and turning
over the metal partially removed or punched from the curved plate, upon it, in such
a manner that the metal of the plate takes the shape of the irregular form of the
pin, and thereby holds the pin in position; or the pointed pin may be secured by
turning over the metal upon it and rivetting or soldering the parts together.
By these improvements I not only obtain a permanent and secure fastening of
the pin in position for attaching the scarf or cravat round the neck, but by the
use of the curved metal plate the original shape and appearance of the scarf or
cravat is preserved.
DOBBIES' AND JACQUARDS EMPLOYED IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Garstang at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 13th May 1881.
<< IMPROVEMENTS IN
JOHN GARSTANG, of Burnley, in the County of Lancaster.
'DOBBIES' AND JACQUARDS EMPLOYED IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING."
In the present construction of "dobbies" the two barrels employed therein are
geared together by spurr wheels in such manner that when one barrel is caused
to revolve the other barrel is sure to be turned at the same time. In practice this
arrangement is objectionable as the lifting bars are brought into contact with the
hooks of the dobbie needles, and they are soon worn away thereby. This arrange-
ment also allowed when turning a loom back what is known as "cross guiding,"
or one barrel passing the other, by which means the design was broken and faulty
pieces woven.
To overcome these evils is the object of my Invention, which consists in causing
the barrels to revolve alternately, and this I accomplish by placing on the end of
each barrel a disc or rim having spokes or arms projecting therefrom which allows
one barrel to move a portion of a revolution whilst the other barrel remains
stationary.
My Invention is particularly applicable to "jacquards" in which at present
only one barrel is employed; but by the application of my Invention two barrels
may be used, thus enabling the loom to run much quicker than when only one
barrel is employed. Instead of using the spoked rim or disc, star wheels or toothed
wheels having blank spaces may be employed.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF HARBOUR AND DOCK WORKS
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Walter Robert Kinipple at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 25th January 1881.
WALTER ROBERT KINIPPLE, of No. 2, Westminster Chambers, in the County
of Middlesex, and of Greenock, in the County of Renfrew, North Britain, Civil
Engineer.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF HARBOUR AND DOCK
WORKS."
This Invention, which relates to improvements in the construction of harbour and
dock works, has reference to that class of such works of which the foundations are
submerged at all stages of the tide, and it has for its object to not only facilitate
the construction and lessen the time occupied in the construction of such works,
but also to dispense with the use of scaffolding, staging, piling, also traversing
engines and gear at present employed in the construction of such works, thereby
being productive of a considerable reduction in the cost thereof.
The Invention consists in forming the foundations or the exterior portions or
walls of such foundations of concrete, which is placed thereon (preferably in dredged
channels) at that period before its setting when the concrete is in a plastic or clay-
like condition. The reason for allowing the concrete to reach the plastic condition
before being placed in the water, is to prevent the materials from which it is formed
settling down or out of one another, thereby destroying the original constitution of
the concrete, which is the case more or less with concrete when it is lowered or
submerged in a liquid state. The space enclosed between the walls or lines of
concrete constructed with plastic concrete as hereinbefore described may be filled
in with rubble or other concrete, so as to make the structure a solid mass
throughout.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF GYPSUM AND MAGNESIA
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Carl Scheibler at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 17th June 1881.
CARL SCHEIBLER, Doctor of Philosophy, of Berlin, Prussia, German Empire.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF GYPSUM AND MAGNESIA."
According to this Invention I treat caustic dolomite, or burnt dolomitic lime, or
burnt calcareous magnesite, with sulphate of magnesia, and thus produce sulphate
of lime and hydrate of magnesia, which deposit together according to the formula
MgO CaO+Mg SO, = 2 Mg 0 + Ca SO. The gypsum is then separated from
the magnesia by means of the centrifugal exhauster, whereby an almost perfect
separation of the said two bodies can be accomplished in such manuer that the
gypsum is thrown against the inner walls of the centrifugal machine as a solid
cake, and the lighter hydrate of magnesia flows off over the rim of the machine,
these lighter parts may then be separated from the liquid by a second treatment in
the centrifugal machine or by the application of a filter-press. The dolomite
should only be burnt so far as to drive out the carbonic acid. The caustic
dolomite may be brought together with sulphate of magnesia, either in finely
ground state or as pulverulent hydrate, or as magnesia milk of lime. The sulphate
of magnesin may be made artificially or natural, sulphate of magnesia may be
used, and that either in the solid or dissolved state, provided that magnesin milk
of lime be used, the sulphate of magnesia may suitably be used in a slightly
surplus proportion in order to obtain the magnesia nearly free from lime; the
mixture of the two bodies should be mado as intimate as possible by the
employment of a stirring apparatus. The slime of gypsum magnesin formed may
already before the centrifugal operation be separated from the bulk of the liquid
(which consists of water, sometimes containing a little sulphate of magnesia) by
settling and decanting, and I thus greatly accelerate or shorten the centrifugal
operation; for this latter the ordinary centrifugal separator as well as the lye
extracting centrifugal separator may bo used.
The watery gypsum and the hydrate of magnesia thus obtained find extended
application in many manufactures as is well known.
IMPROVEMENTS IN GALVANIC BATTERIES
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Crisp Fuller and George Fuller
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 4th February 1881.
JOHN CRISP FULLER and GEORGE FULLER, both of Bow, in the County of Essex.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN GALVANIC BATTERIES."
According to this Invention we employ in an otherwise complete galvanic
element an additional separate porous diaphragm or cell which is adapted to hold
a reserve of the exciting Huid or crystals such as generally required for the purpose.
The Invention is more particularly applicable to the bichromic and sulphuric acid
batteries. As applied, for instance, in chromic acid batteries the reserve would be
chromic acid or bichromate of potash; in batteries in which sulphuric acid is used
the reserve would be sulphuric acid; in a Daniel's battery sulphate of copper, and
in a nitric acid battery nitric acid.
IMPROVED APPLIANCE FOR THROWING DICE
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Albert George Latbotière at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 19th December 1881.
ALBERT GEORGE LABOTTIÈRE of 67 Strand, in the City of Westminster.
IMPROVED APPLIANCE FOR THROWING DICE."
" AN
The apparatus for playing the dice consists of a socle or base carrying three
dice boxes, open at the bottom, and made of glass, wood or metal. These boxes
are connected with each other and balanced on a common axis. Into the lower'
end of each box fits a movable plate attached with its lower face to a helical
spring. By means of a key or handle these plates are depressed thereby setting
the springs in tension; and when released the plates are raised by the springs
into their former position, so that, a die placed upon any of the plates is thrown
upward by the reaction of the spring and falls subsequently on the plate.