Improvements in Photographic Apparatus for Changing Sensitive Surfaces Arranged as a Pack.
Year: 1896

page_text: Date of Application, 10th Jan., 1896
Complete Specification Left. 12th Oct., 1896-Accepted, 14th Nov., 1896
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Photographic Apparatus for Changing Sensitive
Surfaces Arranged as a Pack.
I, JAMES DOUGLAS LYSAGHT of 1, Merton Road, Hampstead, London, N.W.
Major and Staff Paymaster in the Army Pay Department, do hereby declare the
nature of this invention to be as follows:-
This invention relates to improvements in what are commonly known as
magazine cameras, changing boxes, or photographic apparatus, in which a number
of sensitive surfaces (such as "cut films ") are arranged as a pack or series
and has for its object to provide simple and effective mechanism (which is not
liable to get out of order) to select and separate such surfaces successively
(when it is desired to remove same) without any notching or special shape or
preparation of the said sensitive surfaces-my invention being specially designed
to permit the use of the ordinary cut films just as same come from the manu-
facturer-the separating cards or loose backs (of metal card-board or any
suitable substance) which are inserted between the films alone being specially
notched or prepared to suit my purpose.
My present invention is as follows;-
A frame or chamber of suitable shape size and depth is either built into
formed or mounted in or on the camera or exposing chamber and has two or
more blocks or ridges or raised surfaces of any suitable shape-extending from
front to back on two sides say the two longest sides if an oblong chamber.
The films are rectangular as usual and fit at each end close against the
inside end walls of the chamber while down their side edges they are touched
or held in position by the said ridges. Instead of two or more of the latter
one only on each side may be used extending nearly the whole way or a
considerable way along each side.
The separating cards or loose backs while of the same length (approximately)
as the films are wider than same-the side edges of these cards or backs being
notched or formed or cut away correspondingly to the positions and shapes of
the retaining and releasing pins or catches hereinafter described.
These latter consist of a series of swivel sliding or movable arms pins or
catches normally projecting a short distance from each side inwardly towards
each other the position of each of these corresponding to the points where the
aforesaid notches are arranged or to such of them as desired.
These form the pack retaining and releasing pins or catches and same may
be operated in any suitable way for instance advantageously be all simultaneously
rocked or moved by each being connected to a side bar down each side these
two side bars being connected together by a crossbar which latter can be
operated from the exterior of the camera by any suitable lever or connection
and when in their normal position the front film lying pressed against said
retaining pin is there in correct position for exposure.
According to one way of carrying out my present invention the said retaining
and releasing pins or catches down one side may be formed or mounted some
on one bar and some on a second bar both adapted to slide in parallel planes each
said bar having a stud or studs projecting therefrom which respectively fit in
curved. guideways or slots in a fixed plate and the retaining and releasing. pins
or catches on the opposite side of the chamber are similarly mounted.
These sliding bars being caused to travel by a crossbar or plate which. latter

page_text: is caused to travel exactly at right angles to said sliding bars for instance having
a rack thereon and pinion gearing in said rack the pinion being operated by
a handle or milled head on the exterior of the apparatus this said crossbar
having two diverging slots or curved guideways at each end thereof respectively
in which slots studs carried on said sliding side bars are held so that when said
crossbar is moved it will in turn move the said sliding side bars on one side of
the chamber in opposite directions to one another and similarly operate the sliding
side bars on the other side and thus by reason of the first-named curved slots in
the fixed plate and studs carried on said sliding side bars travelling therein will
consequently cause each of the pins not only lateral movement with respect to
one another but also receding movement with respect to the opposite side of the
chamber while on the return movement of said crossbar thereupon said pins or
catches will not only be caused to protrude again further into the chamber but they
will also be brought together again in pairs.
The said blocks etc. may be continued to the front of the point where the catches
operate (ie. in front of the plane of the front film) so as to prevent the front film
slipping sideways.
A special advantage being that by this invention the selecting and separating
mechanism (besides being very simple) takes up very little room and furthermore
permits the front film to come up to a position so close to the front of a detachable
changing box that the latter can be thus constructed according to my present
invention so as to fit on to ordinary cameras such as are at present in use.
The operation is as follows;-
The cut films and cards (ie. sensitive surfaces and non-sensitive or separating
surfaces) are alternately placed in a series or pack in the said specially formed
chamber and the whole pack is pressed by any suitable spring or springs against
the said pins or catches."
By now pulling or pushing a knob or handle or otherwise suitably operating the
said catches or pins as aforesaid thereby the latter are swung or moved clear off the
front film (which is thus released and falls down or is suitably removed) and onto
the wider part of the next separating card behind same which is thus caught and
held until the catches are moved back when they come over the cut-away or
narrower portions in said card which is thus allowed to drop or be removed the next
film being now held in position ready for exposure and so on.
I have hereinbefore more particularly described my present invention carried out
in the form of detachable changing boxes and I will now proceed to describe
same more particularly as applied to and carried out in a camera specially arranged
and built according to my present invention.
In a camera case of a suitable size and shape I arrange the holder or frame for
holding the cut films etc. so as to swing or oscillate from vertical into horizontal
position for which purpose said frame may advantageously have short arms rigidly
mounted near the bottom of each side thereof and extending forwardly therefrom
which arms are suitably pivoted or hinged to a suitable support or supports fixed to
or in the camera case advantageously on the bottom thereof in such manner as
to permit the aforesaid rocking motion to said film holder or frame.
On the front of this frame the aforesaid retaining and releasing pins or catches
are mounted on sliding bars adapted to be moved in opposite directions on each
side respectively so that said pins or catches will move both laterally and back-
wardly to release the films etc. and for the purpose of imparting the necessary
motion to the said pins or catches I have invented the following mechanism which
will be found very suitable although other equivalent or suitable means may be
used for operating said pins or catches as hereinafter described.
In suitable bearings or supports on one side of the said film holder or frame
a shaft is mounted having at each end thereof respectively a cross-head or cross
arm forming a kind of double crank (at angle of 190° or thereabouts) at each end
of said shaft..
One of the said cranks at one end of said shaft is connected to one of the

page_text: aforesaid sliding bars carrying some of the aforesaid retaining or releasing pins or
eatches and the other said crank to the other said sliding bar thus it will be
readily seen that on the said crank shaft being revolved motion will be thereby
imparted to the said two sliding bars in opposite directions while the double cranks
at the other end of the said shaft are similarly connected to the other two sliding
bare carrying the retaining and releasing pins at the other side of the film holder
whereby movement is simultaneously imparted to the said pins or catches on both
sides of the film holder or frame.
The aforesaid crank shaft is caused to revolve on its own axis to the required
extent at the right moment or moments as follows;-
A sleeve or short length of tube is fitted on said crank shaft and a stud or
projection fixed in the latter operates in a curved slot in said sleeve or tube and
this latter is fixed rigidly to a rod or bar and to this extension on the said sleeve
or slotted tube (or it may be to the latter direct) a crank arm is connected by pins
or any suitable connection passing through the side of the camera the outer end of
said crank arm carrying a milled head or other suitable handle by which to grasp
same and such outer end is suitably held or guided in a slotted plate or guideway
on the exterior of the camera part of this slot or guideway being curved other
than concentric to the point of connection of said operating crank to the said
extension on the sleeve or slotted tube while the said slot or guideway terminates in
a straight line or nearly straight line with a device-or so arranged 'as-to impede
the movement of said crank arm along said straight part of the slot whereby on
sufficient pressure being applied to overcome said impediment thereby sudden
jerks are caused which ensure the film and card being shaken clear as same are
released.
The operation is as follows ;-
When the film holder or frame is in the vertical position (ie. ready for exposure
to take place) the retaining or releasing pins or catches are separated from one
another and project to their fullest extent towards the middle of the film holder
and thereby bold the edge of the front film at a number of points about equi-
distant from one another along the top and bottom edges thereof and thus such film
is firmly held ready for exposure.
Immediately the operator begins to move the operating lever in the aforesaid
curved part of the slot on the exterior of the case thereby the film holder or frame
is thrown forward on its aforesaid bearings or trunnions while at the same time
the aforesaid sleeve is forced along said crank shaft and the curved slot in said
sleeve operating on the stud fixed on the aforesaid crank shaft thereby causes the
said shaft to revolve on its own axis and-through the aforesaid mechanism the
film retaining pins are now drawn together in pairs while the film holder is turned
down into the horizontal position.
The operator now forces the operating lever horizontally along the straight part
of said slot on the exterior of the camera and thereby further movement is now
imparted in the opposite directions to the aforesaid sliding bars carrying the
releasing pins or catches which latter are thus caused to recede clear of the film
(and at same time are separated or spread so as to retain the next loose back and
pack behind same) which is thus released and drops into the receiving chamber at
the bottom of the camera.
The operating lever on the exterior of the camera is now pulled back in the
horizontal part of said slot and thus brings the catches together again in pairs
over the notched or cut-away portions of the loose back or separating card which
latter is thereby released and drops onto the last-named film.
The next film in the holder is now pressed forward against the retaining pins or
catches and on the operating lever being moved round through the curved part of
the alot or guideway on the exterior of the camera thereby the film holder or
frame is swung into the vertical position again and in so doing the retaining pins
are caused to spread along the edge of said film which is now in position ready for
exposure when the operation can be repeated and so on.

page_text: In order to retain the discharged films and loose backs in the receiving chamber
in the bottom of the camera any suitable means may be employed but I have found
it advantageous to mount a curved tongue or plate at the front end of the camera
on a pin or axis which latter has a crank thereon and a connecting rod from said
crank to some moving part of the mechanism for instance the swinging frame or
film holder whereby when the latter is swung down the said curved tongue or plate
is swung up clear of the discharged films and backs and thus permitting the next
to be dropped in said receiving chamber while on the return movement of said film
holder thereby the said curved tongue or plate is moved into such position as to
hold or retain said discharged films and backs in the receiving chamber-which
latter may be provided with vertical ridges or blocks down each side similarly to
the film holder so as thus to prevent the discharged films or blocks sliding on one
another.
To facilitate the movement of the retaining catches and permit the easier
operation thereof-an arrangement may be used by which when the movement of
the catches commences thereupon the spring or other pressure on the back of the
whole pack is taken off or reduced and again replaced just as the changing
operation is complete.
A suitable counting mechanism or automatic counter may be used in conjunction
with the above changing mechanism advantageously so connected thereto and
arranged as to be actuated automatically when each changing operation takes
place.
The advantage of the aforesaid retaining and releasing pius or catches moving
in opposite directions as described is that I thereby avoid any tendency to move
the film or pack towards one end of the film holder.
Another advantage of my present invention is that-when in position ready for
exposure at each point where the pack is held by the aforesaid retaining pins or
catches the pack is solid, that is in such position that none of said pins or catches
lie over the points where the loose backs are notched or cut away.
Dated this 10th day of January 1896.
TONGUE & BIRKBECK,
Southampton Buildings, Chancery Lane, London, W.C.,
Agents for the Applicant.
Improvements in Photographic Apparatus for Changing Sensitive
Surfaces Arranged as a Pack.
I, JAMES DOUGLAS LYSAGHT, of 1, Merton Road, Hampstead, London, N.W.
Major and Staff Paymaster in the Army Pay Department, do hereby declare the
nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
This invention relates to improvements in photographic apparatus such as are
commonly known as magazine cameras or changing boxes, or photographic
apparatus in which a number of sensitive surfaces (such as "cut films") are
arranged as a pack or series and has for its object to provide simple and effective
mechanism (which is not liable to get out of order) to select and separate such
surfaces successively (when it is desired to remove same) without any notching or
special shape or preparation of the said sensitive surfaces-my invention being
specially designed to permit the use of the ordinary cut films just as same come
from the manufacturer-the separating cards or loose backs (of metal cardboard
or any suitable substance) which are inserted between the films alone being
specially notched or prepared to suit my purpose.

page_text: I will now proceed to fully describe my present invention with reference to the
drawings hereunto annexed in which
Fig. 1 is a vertical longitudinal section on the line 1-1 Fig. 2 of the rear part
of a camera with film-changing apparatus according to my present invention.
Fig. 2 is a plan of same with the top a of the case removed.
Fig. 3 is a view on line 3-3 Fig. 1 looking in the direction of the arrow 2.
Fig. 4 is a plan or view of the sensitive surface holder or oscillatory chamber etc.
swung down from the vertical into the horizontal position as shown in Fig. 5 i.e.
looking in the direction of the arrow 4 Fig. 5 with the back of the chamber, b and
spring w removed.
Fig. 5 is a longitudinal view of Fig. 4 i.e. a view with the side a' of the case
removed and looking in the direction of the arrow 5 Fig. 4.
Fig. 6 is a rear end view of Fig. 4 i.e. with the back a³ of the case removed
looking in the direction of the arrow 6 Fig. 4.
Fig. 7 is a plan of the pack or series of alternate films and notched cards or
loose backs.
Fig. 8 shows a film in said oscillatory chamber with means provided on the
latter to keep said films accurately in position.
Similar letters of reference indicate corresponding parts throughout.
Any suitable camera case may be used the top of that illustrated. in the
drawings I have designated a the sides a¹ and a and the back a³ as shown.
A frame or chamber b of suitable shape size and depth is either built into
formed or mounted in or on the camera or exposing chamber and has two or more
blocks or ridges 6x or raised surfaces of any suitable shape-extending from front
to back on two sides say the two longest sides 1 if an oblong such as the
chamber b illustrated.
The films are rectangular as usual and fit at each end close against the inside
of the end walls of the chamber b while down their side edges they are
touched or held in position by the said ridges b*. Instead of two or more of the
latter one only on each side may be used only much wider i.e. so as to extend
nearly the whole way or a considerable way along each side b'.
The separating cards or loose backs y while of the same length (approximately.)
as the films are wider than same-the side edges of these cards or backs y being
notched or formed or cut away as at y' correspondingly to the positions and shapes
of the retaining and releasing pins or catches c hereinafter described.
These latter consist of a series of swivel sliding or movable arms pins or
catches c normally projecting a short distance from each side b' inwardly towards
the opposite side the position of each of these corresponding to the points where
the aforesaid notches y are arranged in the cards y or to such of them as
desired.
These pack retaining and releasing pins or catches c may advantageously be all
simultaneously rocked or moved for instance by each being connected to a side bar
down each side these two side bars being connected together by a cross-bar which
latter can be operated from the exterior of the camera by any suitable lever or
connection and when in their normal position the front film a lying pressed against
said retaining pins c is there in correct position for exposure.
According to one way of carrying out my present invention as illustrated in the
drawings the said retaining and releasing pins or catches c down one side may be
formed or mounted some on one bar d see Figs. 2 and 3 and some on a second
bar e both adapted to slide in parallel planes each said bar d and e having a
stud or studs del respectively projecting therefrom which respectively fit in
curved guide-ways or slots f¹ in a fixed plate fon the chamber 6 and the retaining
and releasing pins or catches c on the opposite side of the chamber b are similarly
mounted see Fig. 3.
These sliding bars d and e may be reciprocated in any suitable manner for
instance by a cross-bar or plate which latter is caused to travel exactly
at right angles to said sliding bars by a rack thereon and pinion gearing in said

page_text: rack the pinion being operated by a handle or milled head on the exterior of the
apparatus this said crossbar having two diverging slots or curved guideways at each
end thereof respectively in which slots studs carried on said sliding side bars are
held so that when said crossbar is moved it will in turn move the said sliding side
bars on one side of the chamber in opposite directions to one another and
similarly operate the sliding side bars on the other side and thus by reason of the
first-named curved slots in the fixed plate and studs d' and e' carried on said
sliding side bars d and travelling therein will consequently cause each of the
pins e not only lateral movement with respect to one another but also receding
movement with respect to the opposite side of the chamber b while on the return
movement of said crossbar thereupon said pins or catches will not only be caused
to protrude again into the chamber but they will also be brought together again in
pairs or spread out as desired.
The means shown in the accompanying drawings for reciprocating the said sliding
bars d and e consist as follows:-
g is rocking lever pirotted at g' to the chamber or adapted to turn about the
point g¹.
A is operating arm or connecting rod by which said rock lever g is rocked and to
which it is pivoted at .
i is connecting rod one end thereof being pivotted at to the rock lever g and
the other end pivotted at 2 to the sliding bar d.
j is similar connection pivoted at
end pivoted to the sliding bar e.
to said rock lever g-and at the other
Thus when the lever g is rocked the bars d and e are caused to slide in opposite
directions to one another by these connecting rods i and j.
The rod is slotted at hand is guided by said slot having the fixed stud 4* there-
through reciprocal movement in the direction of the length of rod h being
imparted to the latter by the handle or knob z on the exterior of the case as
follows:-
The knob or milled head z is fixed on a crank m which latter is secured to the
head or turntable in suchwise that the said crank m cannot be moved round
without revolving the said turntable but at the same time said crank is free
to slide through or upon said head or turntable I for instance as shown in Fig. 6.
This turntable 1 (see Fig. 3) is adapted to revolve in the side of the camera by
the smaller part thereof being journalled in the case or otherwise suitably
arranged the enlarged part on the inside of the case being thus revolved by the
exterior turntable 7 and having a pin or axis on which same turns in a bearing
or support fixed to the camera case.
The film-holding chamber b is by means of the downwardly extending arm k at
one side pivoted at k to the fixed support and at the other side is rigidly fixed
to the inside turntable (or it may be rigidly fixed to the pin or axis provided
the latter is revolved by and with said turntable) so that said turntable
a crank or crank disc to swing said chamber b up or down.
acts as
(passed
is a pin or stud carried on and fixed to slide a sliding on the stud
through the slot n³ in said slide n) fixed to the inside turntable or disc see
Fig. 1.
& and through or into a curved
This stud n extends through the turntable
or diagonal slot m' in the aforesaid crank m.
is a slot in a slotted plate or guideway (on the exterior of the camera
case a) with which a head or projections 2' on the knob z or crank m engages (see
Fig. 3) so that said knob can only travel in a prescribed course viz: in a curvelinear
direction (which is eccentric to the axis ) and then in a straight line see Figs. 1
and 5.
Thus when the knob z is moved down the curved part of the slot & and then
along the horizontal part thereof by moving the crank m across the turntable it
will readily be seen that the stud n will be thereby forced vertically downwards
from the highest position shown in Fig. 5 to the lowermost position shown in said

page_text: figure and this stud will consequently move down with it the slide n to which said
stud n is affixed.
Now this slide n is integral with or carries thereon the part n this part n* (which
is shown in dotted lines in Fig. 2) being guided on the chamber b by having a
slot therein with a stud 63 passed therethrough and fixed to the chamber band
another slot n is diagonally arranged therein while a stud on the end of the
aforesaid operating rod engages in this said slot n' so that when said slide n (and
with it said part n*) is moved down or up (as aforesaid) thereby the diagonal
slot imparts a movement to the said rod in the direction of length of the latter
and so rocks the lever g.
The last-named lever g may be fixed on a rock shaft g' (journalled in suitable
bearings) which extends to the opposite side of the chamber 6 (see Fig. 5) and
there has rigidly fixed thereto a corresponding rock shaft gx with connections i*
and jx to corresponding slide bars d and e which latter and the pins c thereon are
thereby simultaneously and correspondingly operated with the pins c on the opposite
side.
p is a flap fixed on the axis or shaft pl on one end of which is a crank p' to which
is pivotted the slotted end of a rod q the other end of the latter being pivotted
to the side of chamber b so that when the latter is swung down thereby the flap p
is released by the lever q and by means of the spring p³ is swung up while on the
return movement of the rod y it pulls down said flap p so that the discharged films
in the reservoir r are thus normally kept covered by the flap p and displacement
thereof prevented.
pt is stop to prevent said flap being turned too far by the spring p³..
The said blocks etc. b* may be continued to the front of the point where the
catches o operate (i.e. in front of the plane of the front film) so as to prevent the
front film slipping sideways-see Fig. 1.
The said slot or guideway u terminates in a straight line or nearly straight line
with means provided thereon to impede the movement of said crank m along said
straight part of the slot advantageously a raised part u in the latter whereby ou
sufficient pressure being applied to overcome said impediment or force the stud 2¹
past the obstruction u* thereby a sudden jerk is caused to ensure the card being
shaken clear.
A special advantage being that by this invention the selecting and separating
mechanism (besides being very simple) takes up very little room and furthermore
permits the front film to come up to a position close to the front of the chamber b
and similarly in the case of a detachable changing box so that the latter can be.
constructed according to my present invention to fit on to ordinary cameras such,
as are at present in use.
The operation is as follows:-
When the film holder or frame & is in the vertical position (i.e. ready for exposure
to take place) as in Figs. 1, 2 and 3 the retaining or releasing pins or catches c are
separated from one another and project to their fullest extent towards the middle
of the film holder b see Fig. 3 and thereby hold the edge of the front film a at a
number of points about equi-distant from one another along the top and bottom
edges thereof and thus such film is firmly held ready for exposure.
Immediately the operator begins to move the operating lever m in the aforesaid
curved part of the slot u' on the exterior of the case thereby the film holder b is
thrown forward and downward on its aforesaid bearings or trunnions while at the
same time the aforesaid crank m is by means of the curved slot ' caused to slide
through the device I and the slot m¹ in said crank thereby operates on the stud n
and thus through the aforesaid mechanism the film retaining pins c are now drawn
together or towards one another in pairs while the film holder is turned down into
the horizontal position.
slot
The operator now forces the lever m horizontally along the straight part of said
on the exterior of the camera and thereby movement is again imparted in

page_text: opposite directions to the aforesaid sliding bars d and e carrying the releasing pins
or catches c which latter are thus caused to recede clear of the front film x (and at
same time are separated or spread so as to retain the next loose back y and pack
behind same) which film is thus released and drops into the receiving chamber at
the bottom of the camera.
The operating lever m on the exterior of the camera is now pulled back in the
horizontal part of said slot and thus brings the catches c together again in pairs
over the notched or cut-away portions y of the next loose back or separating
card y which latter is thereby released and drops onto the last-named film in the
reservoir r.
The next film in the holder is now pressed forward by the spring w against
the retaining pins or catches c and on the operating lever m being moved round
through the curved part of the slot or guideway u¹ on the exterior of the
camera thereby the film holder bis swung into the vertical position again and
in so doing the retaining pins c are caused to spread along the edge of said film
which is now in position ready for exposure when the operation can be repeated
and so on.
In order to retain the discharged films and loose backs in the receiving chamber
in the bottom of the camera any suitable means may be employed but I have found
it advantageous to use a flap or plate such as p at the front end of the camera on a
pin or axis p as described so that when the chamber bis swung down the said flap
P is swung up clear of the discharged films and backs and thus permitting the next
film and card to be dropped from said chamber into said receiving chamber
while on the return movement of said film older & thereby the said flap p is moved
into such position as to hold or retain said discharged films and backs in the
receiving chamber which latter may be provided with vertical ridges or blocks
down each side similarly to the blocks * in the film holder so as thus to prevent
the discharged films or backs sliding on one another.
To facilitate the movement of the retaining catches c and permit the easier
operation thereof any suitable arrangement (not shown) may be used by which
when the movement of the catches commences thereupon the spring or other
pressure on the back of the whole pack is taken off or reduced and again replaced
just as the changing operation is complete.
A suitable counting mechanism or automatic counter may be used in conjunction
with the above changing mechanism advantageously so connected thereto and
arranged as to be actuated automatically when each changing operation takes place
but this counter forms no part of my present invention and is not illustrated.
The advantages of the aforesaid retaining and releasing pins or catches c moving
in opposite directions as described is that I thereby avoid any tendency to move
the film or pack towards one end of the film holder b.
Another advantage of my present invention is that (when in position ready
for exposure) at each point where the pack is held by the aforesaid retaining
pins or catches the pack is solid that is in such position that none of said pins
or catches c lie over the points where the loose backs are notched or cut away thus
keeping the films quite flat and avoiding any tendency to bend or buckle the film
which might happen if the film were held at the point or points where the notches
occur in the separating cards and where consequently the said film would not be
supported.
vvare locse round wires or rods (advantageously flattened on one side) as shown
in Fig. 8 for inserting in the recesses formed to receive same in the blocks 6* see
Figs. 3, 4 and 8.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim is
In photographic apparatus for changing sensitive surfaces arranged as a pack

page_text: 1. The combination with a suitable chamber (for holding a number of sensitive
surfaces and loose backs arranged as a pack) of a series of movable pins or catches
such as c on said chamber part of said pins on each side of said chamber being
adapted to be reciprocated longitudinally or thereabouts upon said pack and the
remainder of said pins adapted to be similarly reciprocated but in opposite direction
to the others and the whole of said pins adapted to recede clear of said sensitive
surfaces and means to operate the said pins in the manner and for the purposes
hereinbefore described.
2. A chamber for holding a number of sensitive surfaces and loose backs
arranged as a pack and having thereon a series of movable pins or catches such
as c adapted to be operated as claimed above, in combination and acting in con-
junction with blocks or ridges such as bx (on the inside walls of said chamber)
extending to a point in front of the foremost sensitive surface and means to operate
said pins or catches in the manner and for the purposes hereinbefore described.
3. The combination with a chamber such as b (for holding a number of sensitive
surfaces and loose backs arranged as a pack) adapted to be rocked or swung from
the vertical to the horizontal position, of a series of movable pins or catches such
as c (on said chamber) adapted to be operated as claimed in Claim 1, ridges or
blocks such as b* extending from the rear part of said chamber b to a point in front
of the foremost sensitive surface and in front of the said pins c and means to rock
or swing said chamber and simultaneously operate the said pins in the manner and
for the purposes hereinbefore described.
4. The combination with a suitable chamber (for holding a number of sensitive
surfaces and loose backs as a pack) of ridges or blocks such as 6* arranged on the
inside wall of said chamber on those sides of the latter along which are arranged
the pins or means by which said sensitive surfaces are retained and released and
such ridges or blocks extending beyond the front film and also in front of said pins
or means to hold and release said sensitive surfaces substantially in the manner and
for the purposes hereinbefore described.
5. The combination with a chamber (for holding a number of sensitive surfaces
and loose backs arranged as a pack) adapted to be rocked or revolved to discharge
each front sensitive surface in succession of a series of pins or catches on one side
of the chamber arranged and adapted to be reciprocated in a parallel plane with
said pack a further series of pins on this side adapted to be reciprocated in the
opposite direction to the first-uamed pins and similar oppositely reciprocating pins
or catches on the opposite side of said chamber and blocks or ridges such as b* on
the inside walls of the said chamber on the same sides thereof as said pins are
arranged said blocks or ridges extending to a point in front of the foremost
sensitive surface in said chamber substantially in the manner and for the purposes
hereinbefore described.
6. The combination with a suitable chamber (for receiving a number of sensitive
surfaces and loose backs arranged as a pack) adapted to be rocked or revolved of
a series of pins or catches along the front of said chamber and which hold said pack
in said chamber part of said pins or catches on one side being arranged and adapted
to be reciprocated in a longitudinal direction and the other said pins also longitudi-
nally reciprocated but in opposite direction to the first-named pins and similarly in
the case of the pins on the other side of the chamber while the whole of said pins
are adapted to be moved simultaneously in the transverse direction i.e. towards or
away from said sensitive surfaces.
7. The combination with a suitable magazine or chamber for receiving a number
of sensitive surfaces arranged as a pack of a series of pins or catches on the said
chamber to retain or release the said sensitive surfaces said pins being adapted to
be moved along and in a parallel plane with said sensitive surfaces in opposite
directions to one another and means to reciprocate said pins or catches simul-
taneously in such opposite directions substantially in the manner and for the
purposes herein before described.
8. Photographic apparatus-for changing sensitive surfaces arranged as a pack-

page_text: constructed and arranged to act substantially in the manner and for the purposes
herein before described and illustrated in the drawings hereunto annexed.
Dated this 10th day of October 1896.
TONGUE & BIRKBECK,
Southampton Buildings, Chancery Lane, London, W.C.,
Agents for the Applicant.