IMPROVE- MENTS IN AND APPARATUS FOR THE PRODUCTION AND APPLICATION OF MOTIVE POWER IN LOCOMOTIVE AND OTHER STEAM ENGINES
Year: 1861

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Richard Archibald Brooman, of 166, Fleet Street,
in the City of London, Patent Agent, for the Invention of "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN AND APPARATUS FOR THE PRODUCTION AND APPLICATION OF MOTIVE
POWER IN LOCOMOTIVE AND OTHER STEAM ENGINES."-A communication from
abroad by Felix Alexandre Testud de Beauregard, of Paris, France,
Sealed the 11th June 1862, and dated the 13th December 1861.
F
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Richard Archibald
Brooman at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his
Petition, on the 13th December 1861.
I, RICHARD ARCHIBALD BROOMAN, of 166, Fleet Street, in the City of
London, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN AND APPARATUS FOR THE PRODUCTION, AND APPLICATION OF
MOTIVE POWER IN LOCOMOTIVE AND OTHER STEAM ENGINES," (communicated to me
from abroad by Felix Alexandre Testud de Beauregard, of Paris, France,) to
be as follows:-
This Invention is based upon what the Inventor terms the spontaneous
transformation of a liquid into an elastic fluid, or, in other words, into dry
steam at the moment of generation, which he terms spheroidal steam.

page_text: The Invention consists, first, in the employment of a steam chamber, floating
in or on a metallic bath, serving in case of need for regulating the supply by
the quantity of non-vaporized liquid it is capable of containing.
Second, in the employment of a metallic bath of tin, lead, or other fusible
metals at the bottom of a generator, for causing the spheroidal vaporization in
the floating chamber; the bath renders the bottom of the generator inoxydizible,
and prevents it becoming perforated or pierced, a result often produced by the
sudden and incessant effects of expansion and contraction.
Third, in the general arrangement of the feeding apparatuses.
Fourth, in the construction and arrangement of a pyrometric whistle.
Fifth, in the construction of heat indicators, for shewing the temperature in
the generators and condenser, and for registering and indicating the draught
of the chimney.
Sixth, in the construction of a tubular supply generator.
Seventh, in the construction of a tubular condenser.
Figure 1 is a sectional elevation, and Figure 2 a plan of a locomotive
engine with these improvements applied. By removing the wheels o³, and
placing the engine on a firm bed plate, it becomes a stationary engine.. A is
the cylinder of the generator, its volume depends on the cube of the steam
in relation to the necessary power. The bottom B of the generator is made
of sheet iron, hammered and tinned on the inside, to act as a good heat con
ductor; this bottom may be flat, as in Figure 1, or corrugated, as in Figure 3,
or the bottom may be provided with tubes C, Figure 1, made of iron, and
tinned outside; these tubes are intended to transmit heat from the furnace Q
to the centre of the metallic bath E. The cap D of the generator is some-
what convex, the curve being proportioned to the effective pressure of the
steam. E is the metallic bath or heat-conducting bed; it is composed, as before
stated, of tin and lead, or other fusible metals, and is intended to yield its
latent heat to the liquid to be vaporized, and by this means prevent contrac-
tion in the refractory metal which receives the liquid. The bottom F of the
vaporizer G floats on the metallic bath E; it should be tinned externally to
act as a good heat conductor; the chamber or vaporiser G is kept floating by
reason of its cross bar h sliding at the centre on a fixed rod i. The dome H
of the chamber G acts as a stop, and forces the steam to circulate around the
inner side of the generator A, in order to maintain the equilibrium of heat
between this inner side and the heat received by the external side of the flues.
The dome H is suspended by a stirrup; to the fixed rod i; the rod i acts
as an agitator, and indicates to the attendant the minimum point of the normal -

page_text: temperature. The tube K is a pyrometric whistle dipping in the lead, and
suspended to a balance lever a, loaded with a counterpoise b. . The fusion of
the lead produces the flotation of the tube K, and the oscillation of the lever a
which acts on a whistle c; this apparatus works independently of the attend-
ant, and indicates the maximum point of the working; L is a test tube pro-
vided with a cock d, the bent end of which tube enters the chamber G; on
opening the cock d, the tube L serves to indicate the state of the steam. The
tube K, adjoining the test tube L, indicates to the attendant the cooling of the
generator. The test tube L may also be used for cleaning the interior of the
chamber G; M is the stuffing box; O is a box with tubes;
conveying the feed liquid to the bottom F of the chamber G.
P is a pipe for
The feed reservoir P¹ is shewn in detail at Figures 4 and 5. . is a lever
within reach of the attendant for opening and closing the valve m of the reser-
voir P¹; the needle n indicate the quantity introduced. A crank may be sub-
stituted for the lever l, which may act on a cone for regulating the size of the
feed orifice. A three-way cock enables the attendant to verify the supply of
liquid to the generator, as well as to clean the supply tube P by the steam,
and to the supply tube o by the compression of the liquid. Q is the furnace,
and R are the bars above the ash-pit S; Tis the chimney, and T¹ is the smoke
box; U is a stationary heat register, an apparatus which by its expansion
varies the size of the opening or section of the chimney, it consists of a metal
rod bent spirally, the expansion of which is calculated in such manner as to
completely close the register when the temperature rises to a given heat; V is
a thermostat, shewn applied to the condenser, Figure 7; it is made of metal,
and derives motion from the expansion of the liquid it contains. The balance
lever f, Figure 7, from which the plunger of the thermostat V is suspended,
is connected to one end of a rod g, the other end of which is in communication
with a graduated lever g¹, which acts on the cock for admitting cold water
into the condenser. This thermostat is also applied to the generator shewn
at Figure 6, as well as to the generator A, for regulating the. feed. In
Figure 6 the pipe o unites the supply cistern P1, Figures 4 and 5, to the
apparatus marked Y, as shewn in the section, Figure 6.
shews the passage
for the condensed liquid and for the steam to the condenser, Figure 7; q is
the inlet for the feed liquid driven back by the feed pump at a temperature of
about 302 Fahrenheit; s is the inlet for the escape steam from the cylinder ¿¹
into the generator Y, Figures 1, 2, and 6; t are tubes affording a refrigerating
surface intended for the absorption of the heat from the waste steam to par-
tially heat the feed water; u is a dome for utilizing the elasticity of the gases
P

page_text: for driving back the liquids,chaving a pressure indicated by the water level v,
which indicates the pressure in the generator.
X, Figure 7, is the condenseriand ab shews the inlet for steam; a² is a
series of pipes forming the refrigerating surface upon the condensation of the
steam; a³ is the inlet: for the condensed liquid, which is drawn by an air
pump is a cock for emptying the condenser; c is a cock for the admis-
sion of cold water, it is worked by rods from the thermostat z; d', overflow
pipe, through which the hot water, the product of the condensation, escapes;
e is a barometric cock.
Referring to the locomotive shewn at. Figures 1 and 2, the cock f¹ is that -
which admits steam from the generator, this steam is conveyed by the pipe h'
into the cylinder ', which may be horizontal as shewn,. vertical, or inclined.
The motive power in the cylinder i is transmitted in the ordinary manner
by a piston and j to the connecting rod and crank l, and so to the main shaft
m², which carries a fly wheel n'. The four wheels o¹ are supported by a frame q².
The steam escaping from the cylinder passes by the pipe s into the rege-
21
nerator Y, Figures 1, 2, and 6. The condensed liquid, and the steam coming
from the regenerator Y, go to the condenser X by the pipe a¹, Figure 1.
Figure 8 shews in section, and Figure 9 in plan, the manner in which the
Invention is applied to a marine engine. ¹ is the hull of the ship; s¹, the
steam passage connecting the two generators A, A, arranged in a similar
manner to that described for the locomotive, Figures 1 and 2; X is the con-
densor, and Y is the regenerator as before; i, i, shew the two steam engines;
, t', are the feed pumps; u' is the cold water pump; and v¹ is the air pump.
Metallic cloth may be placed at the bottom of the vaporiser for the gene-
rator supplied with sea water. Figure 10 is a section of a locomotive con-
structed also according to this Invention, in which A is the generator; B,
the bottom provided with tube C; Q, the furnace; R, the fire-bars; and Y,
the regenerators. The smoke box a¹ is fitted with a funnel y¹, to increase
the draft in the chimney z¹.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Richard Archibald Brooman in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 13th June 1862.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, RICHARD
ARCHIBALD BROOMAN, of 166, Fleet Street, in the City of London, Patent
Agent, send greeting.

page_text: WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Thirteenth day of December, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-one, in the twenty-fifth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said Richard Archibald Brooman, Her special licence that I, the said Richard
Archibald Brooman, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others
as I, the said Richard Archibald Brooman, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time
and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and
lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of
Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN AND APPARATUS POR; THE PRODUCTION AND APPLICATION
OF MOTIVE POWER IN LOCOMOTIVE AND OTHER STEAM ENGINES," (communicated to
me from abroad by Felix Alexandre Testud de Beauregard, of Paris, France,)
upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Richard Archibald
Brooman, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under
my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe
and ascertain the nature of the said Invention; and in what manner the
same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal
Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date
of the said Letters Patent:
NOW KNOW YE, that I; the said Richard Archibald Brooman, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement thereof, reference being had to the Drawings hereunto
annexed, that is to say:-
This Invention is based upon what the Inventor terms the spontaneous
transformation of a liquid into an elastic fluid, or, in other words, into dry steam
at the moment of generation, which he terms spheroidal steam.
The Invention consists, first, in the employment of a steam chamber floating
in or on a metallic bath, serving in case of need for regulating the supply by
the quantity of non-vaporized liquid it is capable of containing.
Second, in the employment of a metallic bath of tin, lead, or other fusible
metals at the bottom of a generator for causing the spheroidal vaporization in
the floating chamber; the bath renders the bottom of the generator inoxiḍizable,
and prevents it becoming perforated or pierced; a result often produced by, the
sudden and incessant effects of expansion and contraction.
Third, in the general arrangement of the feeding apparatuses.

page_text: Fourth, in the construction and arrangement of a pyrometric whistle.
Fifth, in the construction of heat indicators, for showing the temperature in
the generators and condenser, and for registering and indicating the draught
in the chimney.
Sixth, in the construction of a tubular supply generator.
Seventh, in the construction of a tubular condenser.
Figure 1 is a sectional elevation, and Figure 2 is a plan of a locomotive
engine with these improvements applied. By removing the wheels o¹ and
placing the engine on a firm bed plate, it becomes a stationary engine. A is
the cylinder of the generator, its volume depends on the cube of the steam in
relation to the necessary power. The bottom B of the generator is made of
sheet iron hammered and tinned on the inside to act as a good heat conductor;
this bottom may be flat, as in Figure 1, or corrugated, as in Figure 3, or the
bottom may be provided with tubes C, Figure 1, made of iron and tinned
outside; these tubes are intended to transmit heat from the furnace Q to the
centre of the metallic bath E. The cap D of the generator is somewhat
convex, the curve being proportioned to the effective pressure of the steam.
E is the metallic bath or heat-conducting bed; it is composed, as before stated,
of tin and lead or other fusible metals, and is intended to yield its latent heat
to the liquid to be vaporized, and by this means prevent contraction in the
refractory metal which receives the liquid. The bottom F of the vaporiser G
floats on the metallic bath E; it should be tinned externally to act as a good
heat conductor; the chamber or vaporiser G is kept floating by reason of its
cross bar sliding at the centre on a fixed rod i. The dome of the
chamber G acts as stop, and forces the steam to circulate around the inner
side of the generator A, in order to maintain the equilibrium of heat between
this inner side and the heat received by the external side of the flues. The
dome His suspended by a stirrup j to the fixed rod i. The rod i acts as an
agitator, and indicates to the attendant the minimum point of the normal
temperature. The tube K is a pyrometric whistle dipping in the lead, and
suspended to a balance lever a, loaded with a counterpoise b. The fusion of
the lead produces the flotation of the tube K and the oscillation of the lever a,
which acts on a whistle c; this apparatus works independently of the attendant,
and indicates the maximum point of the working. L is a test tube provided
with a cock d, the bent end of which tube enters the chamber G; on opening
the cock d the tube L serves to indicate the state of the steam. The tube K,
adjoining the test tube L, indicates to the attendant the cooling of the generator.
The test tube L may also be used for cleaning the interior of the chamber G;

page_text: M is the stuffing box; O is a box with tubes; P is a pipe for conveying the
feed liquid to the bottom F of the chamber G.
The feed reservoir P¹ is shown in detail at Figures 4 and 5. l is a lever
within reach of the attendant for opening and closing the valve m of the
reservoir P¹; the needle n indicates the quantity introduced.
A crank may
be substituted for the lever l, which may act on a cone for regulating the size
of the feed orifice. A three-way cock enables the attendant to verify the
supply of liquid to the generator, as well as to clean the supply tube P by the
steam, and to the supply tube o by the compression of the liquid. Qis the
furnace; and R are the bars above the ash-pit S; T is the chimney, and T¹ is
the smoke box; U is a stationary heat register, an apparatus which by its
expansion varies the size of the opening or section of the chimney, it consists
of a metal rod bent spirally, the expansion of which is calculated in such
manner as to completely close the register when the temperature rises to a
given heat; V is a thermostat shewn applied to the condenser, Figure 7, it is
made of metal, and derives motion from the expansion of the liquid it contains.
The balance lever f, Figure 7, from which the plunger of the thermostat V
is suspended, is connected to one end of a rod g, the other end of which is in
communication with a graduated lever g', which acts on the cock for admitting
cold water into the condenser. This thermostat is also applied to the generator
shown at Figure 6, as well as to the generator A for regulating the feed. In
Figure 6 the pipe o unites the supply cistern P¹, Figures 4 and 5, to the
apparatus marked Y, as shown in the section, Figure 6. p shows the passage
for the condensed liquid and for the steam to the condenser, Figure 7; 9 is
the inlet for the feed liquid driven back by the feed pump at a temperature of
about 302 Falt. by the pipe o; s is the inlet for the escape steam from the
cylinder into the generator Y, Figures 1, 2, and 6; t are tubes affording a
refrigerating surface intended for the absorption of the heat from the waste
steam to partially heat the feed water; u is a dome for utilizing the elasticity.
of the gases for driving back the liquids, having a pressure indicated by the
water level v, which indicates the pressure in the generator.
X, Figure 7, is the condenser, and a' shows the inlet for steam; a² is a
series of pipes forming the refrigerating surface for the condensation of the
steam; a is the outlet for the condensed liquid, which is drawn by an air
pump; b is a cock for emptying the condenser; c¹ is a cock for the admission
of cold water, it is worked by rods from the thermostat ; d¹, overflow pipe
through which the hot water, the product of the condensation, escapes; e¹ is a
barometric cock.

page_text: Referring to the locomotive shown at Figures 1 and 2, the cock f¹ is that
which admits steam from the generator; this steam is conveyed by the pipe h
into the cylinder 2¹, which may be horizontal, as shewn, or vertical or inclined.
The motive power in the cylinder is transmitted in the ordinary manner by a
piston rod to the connecting rod and crank A, and so to the main shaft m',
which carries a fly wheel n¹. The four wheels o¹ are supported by a frame q¹.
The steam escaping from the cylinder ¹ passes by the pipes into the
regenerator Y, Figures 1, 2, and 6. The condensed liquid and the steam
coming from the regenerator Y go to the condenser X by the pipe a¹,
Figure 1.
Figure 8 shows in section, and Figure 9 in plan, the manner in which
the Invention is applied to a marine engine. " is the hull of the ship; s, the
steam passage connecting the two generators A, A, arranged in a similar
manner to that described for the locomotive, Figures 1 and 2. X is the con-
denser, and Y is the regenerator as before; i, i, show the two steam engines;
t; t¹, are the feed pumps; u¹ is the cold water pump, and v is the air pump.
Metallic cloth may be placed at the bottom of the vaporizer for the generators
supplied with sea' water.
Figures 10 and 11 are sections of a locomotive constructed also according
to this Invention, in which A is the generator; B, the bottom provided with
tubes C; Q, the furnace; R, the fire-bars; and Y, the regenerators. The
smoke box is fitted with a funnel y¹, to increase the draught in the
chimney 2¹.
And having now described the nature of the said Invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed, I declare that I claim as the "Improve-
ments in and Apparatus for the Production and Application of Motive Power
in Locomotive and other Steam Engines,-
First, the employment of a steam chamber floating in or on a metallic bath
for régulating, if required, the supply of non-vaporized liquid, substantially in
manner and for the purposes herein before described and illustrated in the
accompanying Drawings.
Second, the employment of a metallic bath of tin, lead, or other fusible metal
at the bottom of a generator, for causing spheroidal vaporization, as herein-
before described and illustrated in the accompanying Drawings.
Third, the general arrangement of the feeding apparatus herein-before
described.
Fourth, the construction of a pyrometric whistle, acting in manner and for
the purposes herein-before described.

page_text: Fifth, the construction of heat indicators for showing the temperature in the
generators and condenser, and for registering and indicating the draught in tho
chimney, all as herein-before described.
Sixth, the construction of tubular supply generators, as herein-before
described.
Seventh, the construction of tubular condensers, substantially as herein;
before described and illustrated in the accompanying Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said Richard Archibald Brooman, have
hereunto set my hand and seal, this Thirteenth day of June, One
thousand eight hundred and sixty-two.