IMPROVEMENTS IN AND RELATING TO DYNAMO ELECTRIC MACHINES WHICH CAN ALSO BE USED AS ELECTRIC MOTORS
Year: 1883

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Henry Harris Lake of the firm of Haseltine, Lake,
and Co Patent Agents, Southampton Buildings, London, for an Invention
of IMPROVEMENTS IN AND RELATING TO DYNAMO ELECTRIC MACHINES WHICH
CAN ALSO BE USED AS ELECTRIC MOTORS communicated to him from abroad
by Thomas Joseph MoTighe Patent Agent and Joseph Tanner McConnell
Electrician both of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
•
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Henry Harris Lake at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 20th November 1883.
HENRY HARRIS LAKE, of the firm of Haseltine, Lake & Co, Patent Agents,
Southampton Buildings, London, "IMPROVEMENTS IN AND RELATING TO DYNAMO
ELECTRIC MACHINES WHICH CAN ALSO BE USED AS ELECTRIC MOTORS-[A com-
munication to him from abroad by Thomas Joseph M Tighe Patent Agent and
Joseph Tanner McConnell Electrician both of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United
States of America]
This invention relates to dynamo-electric machines and electric motors, and bas
for one of its objects an increase in the magnetic induction by concentrating the so
called "free magnetism" without increasing the amount of wire wound upon the
cores, and to further increase such magnetism by intensifying the induction
externally of the inducing coils.
Another object of this invention is to simplify the construction of the commutator
or collector, of such machines, and obtain the greatest facility for mounting and
dismounting all, or any, of the parts, and connecting them to the armature wires..
The said invention consists in the novel construction and arrangement of parts
as bereinafter described.
In carrying the said invention into practice I provide two parallel cores of iron,
oblong in section, and wound with the inducing wire so connected in the circuit as
to similarly polarize the cores. The said cores which are wide and may be either
oblong or flat, form, the frame of the machine and occupy nearly its entire.height;

page_text: The said cores are connected to form intermediate consequent poles at the top by
a downwardly dipping pole-piece, and below by an upwardly extending pole-piece.
The adjacent faces of the pole-pieces form a portion of a circle for the reception of
the armature, and the circular extensions are formed with their outer faces close
to, and substantially parallel with, the faces of the wire coils.
The results of this formation are manifold. Only the cores (entirely surrounded
by inducing wires) and the pole-pieces are of iron, hence, no parts exist save the
pole-pieces to become consequent points for useless dispersion of magnetism, but on
the contrary all is concentrated at the poles. Again, as the mass of the pole-pieces
is in close proximity to, and substantially parallel with, the axis of winding of the
wire, a powerful induction takes place from the current in the said wires
externally upon said pole-pieces, and, as the said external induction is of the same
nature as that communicated by contact of the poles with the cores, a considerable
gain is effected magnetically for a given current and amount of wire
The cores and pole-pieces are independent of one another and bolted together.
This allows the cores to be readily wound and fitted so as to bave the outer layers
of wire in very close inductive proximity to the extensions of the pole-pieces.
There is thus no part of the iron frame which is not working magnetically to the
best possible advantage; and no yokes or awkward projections in which magnetism
can be wasted externally.
The armature is journalled in diamagnetic brackets which are bolted to the pole-
pieces in any suitable manner.
Similar results might be obtained if the cores were arranged horizontally instead
of vertically.
The shaft of the machine which carries the armature has shoulders and a screw-
thread adapted to receive a nut and jam-nut. Upon the said shaft are fitted two
metallic rings having on the adjacent faces recesses, in each of which is fitted a
ring of suitable insulating material, such as vulcanized fibre or hard india-rubber.
These rings have there projecting surfaces preferably convex, and are radially
grooved there being as many grooves in each ring-face as there are to be segments
in the collecting cylinder. The said grooves are made with parallel sides for the
reception of the collector bars which are cut from a length of rolled or drawn
copper strip having a wedge shape in cross section. After being cut off square the
bars are milled at the ends to form semi-circular rabbets with the tongues. The
said tongues are made to fit closely in the grooves of the insulating rings, and the
rabbets are of the same radius as the curved faces of the said rings.
A simple mode of fitting together is to set the armature-shaft or a mandril of
like size, in a vertical position, and then set the metallic ring with its insulating
ring on the shaft. Then the collector bars are fixed by inserting the tongue at
one end of each into one of the radial grooves of the insulating ring. When all
are set the metallic ring is set on the shaft, with its insulator ring facing towards the
bars. The latter are guided into the grooves of the insulating ring and when all
are seated the nut is screwed down against the metallic ring forcing the insulating
rings tightly into the rabbets in the bars, and securing the latter effectually against
motion in any direction whatever. The jam nut may then be applied to lock the
ordinary nut, though it is not essential.
By this construction the collector is simple and cheap, and can be readily put
together, repaired, or replaced. Insulating strips are not necessary between the
bars as no lateral movement can take place owing to the tongue and groove form
of mounting. Nevertheless, if desired the usual insulating plates may be inserted,
being in such case stamped with concave end recesses to fit the insulating rings.
To provide for the connections with the armature, the ends of the bars are
milled out and the strips are inserted and rivetted, the said strips then taking the
place of the tongues at that end. This milling may be done in the middle or at
the side (in which latter case the other end of the bar is milled to correspond).
The strips are firmly attached to bars by rivetting, upsetting, or otherwise. At
1

page_text: the other end of the strips are attached, by rivets or otherwise, L-shaped chucks,
each having a slit and being screw-threaded to receive the compressing sleeves
which are adapted to the reception of a wrench. By having the slitted end
projecting, the armature wires may be brought into the slit laterally to avoid
bending, and then the sleeve screwed up and the wires tightly secured. The
wires are not bent, flattened, or liable to become broken in detaching them, and a
good, reliable electrical connection is secured without soldering.
When the insulating rings are large and stiff the metal rings may be found
unnecessary. The form of rabbet made in the bars is not essentially circular, as
any form which will prevent radial movement may be adopted. The circular form
is preferred as being most conveniently made.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said Henry Harris Lake in the Patent Office on the 20th May
1884.
HENRY HARRIS LAKE, of the firm of Haseltine, Lake and C° Patent Agents
Southampton Buildings London "IMPROVEMENTS IN AND RELATING TO DYAMO-
ELECTRIC MACHINES WHICH CAN ALSO BE USED AS ELECTRIC-MOTORS "-A
communication to me from abroad by Thomas Joseph M Tighe, Patent Agent,
and Joseph Tanner McConnell, Electrician, both of Pitssburgh, Pennsylvania,
United States of America
This invention relates to dynamo-electric machines, and electric motors, and has 1
for one of its objects to increase the magnetic induction by concentrating the so
called "free magnetism" without increasing the amount of wire wound upon the
cores, and to further increase such magnetism by intensifying the induction
externally of the inducing coils
Another object of this invention is, to simplify the construction of the
commutator, or collector, of such machines, and obtain the greatest facility for
mounting and dismounting all or any of the parts, and connecting them to the
arinature wires.
The invention comprises the novel construction and arrangement of parts as
hereinafter fully described.
In the accompanying drawing
Figure 1 is a front view, with the armature removed, of a machine constructed
according to this invention
Figure 2 is an end view of the same
Figures 3 to 9 are views of details, hereinafter referred to
A indicates two parallel cores of iron, oblong in section, and wound with the
inducing wire a so connected in the circuit as to similarly polarize the cores A.
The cores, which are wide and may be either oblong or flat, form the frame of the
machine and occupy nearly its entire height. The said cores are connected to form
intermediate consequent poles at the top by the downwardly dipping pole piece N,
and below by the upwardly extending pole piece S. The adjacent faces of the pole
pieces N and S form a portion of a circle for the reception of the armature, and the
circular extensions b b are formed with their outer faces close to, and substantially
parallel with, the faces of the wire coils a.
The results of this formation are manifold. Only the cores (entirely surrounded
by inducing wires) and the pole pieces are of iron, hence no parts exist save the
pole pieces to become consequent points for useless dispension of magnetism, but,
on the contrary, all is concentrated at the poles. Again, as the mass of the pole
pieces is in close proximity to, and substantially parallel with, the axis of winding
of the wire a, a powerful induction takes place from the current in wires a
externally upon said pole pieces at b, b and, as the said external induction is of the
same nature as that communicated by contact of poles N and S with the cores A,
a considerable gain is effected magnetically for a given current and amount of wire.
The cores A and pole pieces NS are independent of one another and bolted
together. This allows the cores A to be readily wound and fitted so as to have the
outer layers of wire in very close inductive proximity to the extensions b, 6 of the
pole pieces. There is thus no part of the iron frame A, A, N, S, which is not
working magnetically to the best possible advantage; and no yokes or awkward
projections exist in which magnetism can be wasted externally.
The armature is journalled in the diamagnetic brackets C and D which are bolted
to the pole pieces in any suitable manner.

page_text: It is obvious that like results might be obtained if the positions were at right
angles to that shown; namely with the cores A, horizontal instead of vertical.
E indicates the shaft of the machine which carries an armature and has
shoulders c and a screw-thread d adapted to receive the nut F and jam nut G.
Upon the shaft E, are fitted two metallic rings e el both having on the adjacent
faces recesses into each of which is fitted a ring for f¹ of suitable insulating
material, such as vulcanized fibre or hard india-rubber. These rings have their
projecting surfaces preferably convex and are radially grooved, there being as many
grooves g in each ring-face as there are to be segments in the collecting cylinder.
The said grooves are made with parallel sides for the reception of the collector
bars h which are cut from a length of rolled or drawn copper strip having a wedge
shape in cross section. After being cut off square the bars hare milled at the
ends to form semicircular rabbets with the tongues k. The said tongues are made
to fit closely in the grooves g of the rings f, and the rabbets i are of the same
radius as the curved faces of the said rings.
A simple mode of fitting together, is to set the shaft E, or a mandril of like size,
in a vertical position, and then set the ring e¹ with its insulating ring f' on the
shaft. Then the collector bars h are fixed by inserting the tongues k at one end
of each into one of the radial grooves g of the ring f. When all are set, the ring e
is set on the shaft, with its insulator ring f facing towards the bars h. The latter
are guided into the grooves g of the ring f, and when all are: seated the nut F is
screwed down against the ring e, forcing the rings ff¹ tightly into the rabbets in
the bars h, and securing the latter effectually against motion in any direction
whatever. The jam nut G may then be applied to lock the nut F, though it is not
essential.
By this construction the collector is simple and cheap and can be readily put
together, repaired, or replaced. Insulating strips are not necessary between the
bars has no lateral movement can take place owing to the tongue and groove form
of mounting. Nevertheless, if desired, the usual insulating plates may be inserted,
being in such case stamped with concave end recesses to fit the rings ff.1.
To provide for the connections with the armature, the ends of the bars h are
milled out and strips m are inserted and rivetted, the said strips then taking the
place of the tongues k at that end. This milling may be done in the middle, as in
Figure 7, or at the side, as in Figure 8 (in which latter case the other end of the bar
is milled to correspond). The strips m are firmly attached to the bars h by
rivetting, upsetting or otherwise. At the other end of the strips m are attached,
by rivets or otherwise, the L-shaped chucks n, each having the slit o, and being
screw-threaded to receive the compressing sleeves p which are adapted to the
reception of a wrench. By having the slotted end projecting as in Figure 3 the
armature wires & may be brought into the slit o laterally, to avoid bending, and
then the sleeve p is screwed up and the wires & tightly secured. The wires & are
not bent, flattened or liable to become broken in detaching them, and a good,
reliable electrical connection is secured without soldering.
When the rings f f1 are large and stiff the metal rings e e¹ may be found
unnecessary. The form of rabbet made in the bars h is not essentially circular, as
any form which will prevent radial movement may be adopted. The circular form
preferred as being most conveniently made.
Having thus fully described the said invention as communicated to me by my
foreign correspondents, and the manner of performing the same, I wish it understood
that I claim
First. In a dynamo-electric machine, the combination of the similarly polarized
parallel flat magnets A a A a joined at their extremities by the abutting pole
pieces N and S having the lips or extensions b substantially parallel with, and in
close proximity to, the external layers of wire a, and having between them a
curved armature space whose axis is parallel with the general plan of the said
magnets A α.

page_text: Second In a commutator, the combination of the radially grooved rings ƒ ƒ¹ of
insulating material, the metallic bars h having rabbets i and tongues k, and
suitable means for drawing the said rings towards each other, substantially as
described
i
Third In a commutator, the combination of the annularly grooved metallic plates
or rings e e¹, radially grooved insulating rings ƒ f1 bedded in the said rings e e¹,
metallic bars h having the rabbets i and tongues k, and means for clamping the
whole longitudinally, substantially as described.
Fourth A commutator composed of two insulating rings having their adjacent
faces convex and radially grooved, a series of interposed metallic bars having their
ends rabbeted to fit the faces of the said rings and provided with tongues to enter
the said radial grooves, and suitable means for clamping said rings against the
bars, substantially as described.
Fifth In a commutator, the combination with the radially grooved insulating
ring f of the rabbeted bars h, and the radial connecting strips m attached to the
said bars h, the inner ends of which constitute, tongues k adapted to fit.the radial
grooves in the ring f, substantially as described.
Sixth In a commutator, the combination with its radial strips m, of the threaded
chuck n having the slit o and the threaded sleeve p, substantially as described.
In witness whereof I the said Henry Harris Lake have hereunto set my hand
and seal this twentieth day of May in the year of Our Lord one thousand eight
hundred and eighty four.