CUTTING TURNIPS, MANGOLD WURTZEL, CARROTS, AND OTHER ROOTS, OR FOR BRUISING THEM ONLY, OR REDUCING THEM TO A PULP, AND FOR MIXING THEM WITH MEAL, AS MAY BE REQUIRED, AND ALSO FOR GRINDING OR CRUSHING APPLES FOR CIDER
Year: 1853

page_text: Cutting Turnips or other Roots, Bruising or Re-
ducing them to a Pulp and Mixing them with
Meal, and Grinding or Crushing Apples for
Cider
LETTERS PATENT to Richard Palmer, of Bideford, in the County
of Devon, Whitesmith, for an Invention which may be used
for "CUTTING TURNIPS, MANGOLD WURTZEL, CARROTS, AND OTHER
ROOTS, OR FOR BRUISING THEM ONLY, OR REDUCING THEM TO A PULP,
AND FOR MIXING THEM WITH MEAL, AS MAY BE REQUIRED, AND ALSO
FOR GRINDING OR CRUSHING APPLES FOR CIDER."
Sealed the 30th July 1853, and dated the 31st January 1853.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Richard Palmer
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Peti-
tion, on the 31st January 1853.
I, RICHARD PALMER, of Bideford, in the County of Devon, White-
smith, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"CUTTING TURNIPS, MANGOLD WURTZEL, CARROTS, AND OTHER ROOTS, OR
FOR BRUISING THEM ONLY, OR REDUCING THEM TO A PULP, AND FOR MIXING
THEM WITH MEAL, AS MAY BE REQUIRED, AND ALSO FOR GRINDING OR CRUSH-
ING APPLES FOR CIDER," to be as follows:-

page_text: The machine is fixed in a wood frame of about three feet square,
with cross pieces for it to work on; the size of the frame as well as
of the machinery can of course be increased or diminished, so as to
suit the convenience of purchasers. The machinery is very simple,
consisting of a fly wheel, a multiplying wheel, a horizontal iron
shaft passing transversly through the middle of the multiplying
wheel, turning with it and acting as its fixed centre. This wheel
drives a pinion with a perpendicular iron shaft of about 10 inches
in length passing through its centre, and turning with the pinion;
and at the top of the perpendicular shaft is fixed a circular plate,
which may be made of wood or metal, on the upper surface of which
the knives are fixed, which turn with the plate, and work in an
horizotal position, cutting the root in slices; and the cross knives
for cutting it into shreds project through the plate, so as to cut
the root in shreds, and the knife can by moving a screw be at any
time withdrawn, so as to cut the roots in slices only. One of the
bruisers is fixed on the horizontal shaft which moves the multi-
plying wheel and drives the other bruiser, which can be so regulated
as to bruise the root only, or or crush it into a pulp as may be
required, and one movement produces the whole result.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters
Patent, filed by the said Richard Palmer in the Great Seal
Patent Office on the 30th July 1853.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I,
RICHARD PALMER, of Bideford, in the County of Devon, White-
smith, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Thirty-first day of January, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-three, in
the seventeenth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and
successors, give and grant unto me, the said Richard Palmer, Her
special licence that I, the said Richard Palmer, my executors, ad-
ministrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Richard

page_text: Palmer, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any
tine agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times
thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully
might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom
of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man,
an Invention for "CUTTING TURNIPS, MANGOLD WURTZEL, CARROTS, OR
OTHER ROOTS, OR FOR BRUISING THEM ONLY, OR REDUCING THEM TO A PULP,
AND FOR MIXING THEM WITH MEAL, AS MAY BE REQUIRED, AND ALSO FOR
GRINDING OR CRUSHING APPLES FOR CIDER," upon the condition
(amongst others) that I, the said Richard Palmer, by an instru-
ment in writing under my hand and seal, should particularly de-
scribe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in
what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same
to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Richard Palmer, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascer
tained in and by the following statement, that is to say:
The roots may at pleasure be cut into the widest slices of which
they will admit, or reduced to shreds or ribands of about three
quarters of an inch in width; they may also be bruised only for
feeding old sheep, or reduced to a pulp and mixed with meal for
feeding pigs. By the same movement and machinery apples may
also be effectually ground or crushed for cider, so as to reduce them
to any consistency that may be. required. The knives for cutting
the roots into wide slices are placed on a horizontal plate of wood
or metal of a circular form, about two feet six inches in diameter
(the size may be varied as circumstances may require), and by
merely turning a screw these knives can be raised or depressed so
as to cut the slices to any given thickness, from one sixteenth of an
inch to an inch. These knives work horizontally, revolving with the
circular plate. The knives for cutting the slices into shreds or ribands

page_text: are of a lancet form, and project perpendicularly through the plate,
and without the trouble of taking them out can, by moving a screw,
be instantly withdrawn beneath the surface of the plate, so as to
permit the root to be cut in wide slices only. In order to bruise:
the roots or to reduce them to a pulp a revolving bruiser is placed
below in such a position as to receive the slices or shreds of the.
roots as they are cut. This bruiser, by moving a screw, can. be so.
regulated as to bruise the slices or shreds only, or convert them.
into a pulp as may be required. Above the bruiser is a bin for
holding the ineal, which being shaken by the same movement pre-
cipitates it through an aperture, so as to mix it with the bruised.
roots or pulp beneath. By means of stops regulated by screws, and.
a gentle pressure from a.weight above, the roots are prevented from
moving away from the knives, so that the first and last parts of
them are cut as perfectly as the middle part. All the results above
mentioned can be produced by one simple movement, or such. of
them as may be required can be produced by the same. movement
separately; and the construction of the machine is so simple that a
common mechanic can with ease remove and replace any part of it,
and can sharpen the knives and keep the whole machine in proper
order and condition.
The machine is fixed in a wood frame of about three feet square,
with cross pieces for it to work on; the size of the frame as well
as of the machinery can as a matter of course be increased or
diminished, so as to suit the convenience of purchasers. The
machinery is very simple, consisting of a fly wheel, a multiplying
wheel, a horizontal iron shaft passing transversely through the middle
of the multiplying wheel, turning with it and acting as its fixed
centre. This wheel drives a pinion with a perpendicular iron shaft of
about ten inches in length (which can be varied at pleasure) passing
through its centre, and turning with the pinion; and at the top of
the perpendicular shaft is fixed a circular plate, which may be made
of wood or metal, on the upper surface of which the knives are
fixed, which turn with the plate, and work horizontally as above
mentioned. One of the bruisers is fixed on the horizontal shaft

page_text: which moves the multiplying wheel, turns with this shaft, and drives
the other bruiser.
In witness whereof, I, the said Richard Palmer, have here-
unto set my hand and seal, this Twenty-eighth day of
July, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred
and fifty-three.
RICHARD PALMER. (L.S.)