CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS ON AND ADDITIONS TO MY ENGINE, MACHINE, OR INSTRU- MENT FOR CUTTING OF ALL KINDS OF FUSTIAN, AND OTHER GOODS MADE OR CON- SISTING OF COTTON, SILE, OR WOOLEN, OR ANY OTHER MIXTURE THEREOF
Year: 1793

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JAMES
BROWN, late of Pately Bridge, in the County of York, but now of Manchester,
in the County of Lancaster, Clock and Watch Maker, send greeting.
WHEREAS His present Majesty King George the Third, by His
Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date at
Westminster, the Third day of December, now last past, hath given and
granted unto me, the said James Brown, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, special licence, full power, sole privilege and authority, to make,
use, exercise, and vend, within England, Wales, and the Town of Berwick-
upon-Tweed, during the term of years therein express'd, my Invention of
"CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS ON AND ADDITIONS TO MY ENGINE, MACHINE, OR INSTRU-
MENT FOR CUTTING OF ALL KINDS OF FUSTIAN, AND OTHER GOODS MADE OR CON-
SISTING OF COTTON, SILE, OR WOOLEN, OR ANY OTHER MIXTURE THEREOF," and for
which instrument I bave already obtained His said Majesty's Royal Letters
Patent; in which said Letters Patent first above mentioned there is contained
a proviso oblidging me, the said James Brown, by an instrument in writing
under my hand and scal, to cause a particular description of the nature of
my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, to
be inrolled in His Majesty's High Court of Chancery within one calendar
month next after the date of said recited Letters Patent, as in and by the
same (relation being thereunto bad) may more fully and at large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said James Brown, in compliance with the
said proviso, do hereby declare that the nature of my said Invention, and
the manner in which the same is to be performed, is particularly described
and ascertained in the Plan hereunto annexed, and the following description
thereof, that is to say:-

page_text: Figure 1 is a ground plan of the improvements on and additions to the snid
engine, machine, or instrument for cutting of all kinds of fustian and other
goods made or consisting of cotton, silk, or woollen, or any other mixture
thereof (wove in a manner capable of being cut and intended to be cut) with
more than one knife at a time. The following is a description of Figure 1:-
Article 1. A, A, A, A, is the main frame of the engine, machine, or instru-
ment, and may be made of wood, or any other thing fit for the purpose.
2. G, G, G, G, G, G, is a piece of fustian put into the engine, machine, or instru-
ment, for the purpose of being cut. 3. HI, III, II, are three knives put
here by way of example, but as many may be introduced into the races of the
peice intended to be cut as the person cutting may find convenient, the points
of which I, II, II, are inserted into the races of the peice at G, G, G. Those
knives only differ in shape from those used in cutting with the hand by being
made shorter and thinner towards the heel I, I, I, and some improvements
made in the form of the guide and that part of the knife which is ground to an
edge, hereafter discribed under the heads of Figure 3 and 4. 4. B, B, B, B,
B, B, B, B, B, are beams made of wood, or any other strong substance, and
fix'd into the inside of the main frame Article 1. These beams are intended
to give tension to the peico Article 2, by means of the friction produced by its
passing over and under them progressively, see Article 5, Figure 2.
5. C, C, C, C, are two peices of wood, or any other strong substance, made to
fit the beams, Article 4, by being mortised, and are to act as sliders to keep
the peice Article 2 in its proper direction. The dots upon the beans,
Article 4, are holes to put small bolts or wires into, according to the width of
the peice intended to be cut, in order to keep the said peices of wood or
sliders firm. 6. D, D, is a beam which the peice Article 2 passes over
before it comes to the points of the knives at G, G, G. This beam is made
of iron or any other hard strong substance, and covered with fish skin, or
otherwise made rough, which is intended to prevent the peice Article 2 from
sliding back by its clasticity when the machine is thrown out of gear, see
Article 20. 7. E, E, and F, F, are two rollers made of iron, or any other
hard strong substance, which are intended to draw the peice Article 2 through
the mechine. The roller E, E. is fluted or made rough by means of its being
covered with fish skin or otherwise. The roller F, F, is covered with leather
or other strong soft substance, in order that it may adhere more closely to the
flutings of the roller E, E, and the peice Article 2, which passes betwixt them,
and is thereby kept from sliding upon the surface of rollers E, E, and F, 1,
when they are put in motion. The same effect may be produced by various
means. The said rollers may be made rough, or smooth, or fluted, of larger

page_text: or smaller diameter. The number of them may be increased or diminished,
and still have nearly the same effect in the operation. 8. K, K, is a plate of
iron, or any other hard strong substance. This plate is meant to support the
ends of knives at J, J, J, Article 3. See further Articles 9, 10, 11, 12, and
18. 9. M, M, is a rod of iron, or any other hard strong substance, and cut
like a saw on one side. This rod is fixed upon the plate Article 8 with
screws or otherwise, and the teeth are intended to receive the ends of the
knives at J, J., JArticle 3, in order to keep them at a proper distance' from
cach other. 10. O, O, is a loop of iron or brass, and screwed fast upon the
plate, Article 8. 11. P, P, P, P, are small screws, which are put through
grooves in the rod Article 9. These screws aro intended to keep the said
rod firm when the machine is put in motion, and the pressure of the knives
come against it. 12. N is a screw which goes through the loop, Article 10,
and is connected with the end of the rod, Article 9; this screw is intended to.
slide the said rod to or from, in order to bring the ends of the knives at J,J,J,
Article 3, in a direct line with the races of the peice Article 2, in which they are
inserted at H, I, Article 8. 13. L, L, are two screws which go through two
grooves in the plate, Article 8, which screws are intended to fix the said plate at
any certain distance that the grooves will admit of. The use of these screws and
grooves is, when the knives HI, HI, HI, where shorter. By these screws
the plate, Article 8, may be advanced nearer to the peice Article 2, as may
be found necessary. 14. Q, R, is tho .winch which puts the machine in
motion, and is made of iron, or any other hard strong substance. This
machine may be put in motion by horses, water, or steam, by taking away
the winch, and adding the machinery used in such cases. The winch or
wheel is fitted upon the axis of the roller E, E, Article 7, with a socket Q,
which will prove upon it with ease or without the machine in motion; but
being connected with the machine by certain movements (which will be
described by the following letters and numbers, that is to say, letters S, T,
and numbers 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12), it will become in or out of
gear at pleasure, or when necessary, sec Article 20. 15. S, T, is a strong
lever, made of iron, or any other hard strong substance, and is similar to the
winch, Article 14, except its being shorter, and having some other movements
fit upon it. This lever is fitted upon the axis of the roller E, E, Article 7,
by means of a socket S, and is made fast upon the said axis by means of a
groove cut in the inside of the socket S, and also in the outside of the axis
E, E; then, by fitting a wedge into the said grooves, the lever S, T, becomes
fixed upon the said axis E, E. 16. No. I is a small bolt which passes through
the lever Article 15 at T. 17. No. 2, 3, is a lever; the centure motion of

page_text: in
the said lever is a scrow that goes through it at No. 2, in form of a binge,
which it moves upon.
18. No. 4 is a spring which is fixed upon the lever.
Article 15, by means of a screw, and is connected at the other end with the
lever No. 2, 3, Article 17, by a screw also. The resting place for this spring
is in a groove cut in the side of the side of the lever, Article 15, which the
said spring lies in when the machine is out of gear. 19. No. 5, 6, is a small
lever fit upon the socket S, Article 15, by means of a hinge or screw at 5, and
has a spring on the under side next to the socket upon which it is fixed.
This lover has a small roller fit into it at 6, and turns upon à center pin, upon
which roller rests the end of the lever, Article 17, at 3, when the machine is
which
upon
gear;
but by pressing the lever No. 5, 6, nearer to the socket
it is fixed, the 'lever No. 2, S, Article 17, is releived, and by the elasticity of
the spring No. 4, Article 18, it is immediately drawn close to the lever,
Article 15, at 5; at the same time the lever No. 2, 3, being connected with
the bolt No. 1, Article 16, draws away that part of it which projects through
the lever, Article 15, which the winch, Article 14, locks upon when the
machine is in gear.-N. B. The movements described by the numbers
are made of brass, iron, or any sort of strong hard metal. For a descrip-
tion of the wheels, Nos. 7, 8, and 11. 12, see Article 11 and 12, Figure 2.
20. U, U, is a roller made of brass, or any other hard strong substance,
and is fluted. This roller is fixed in the machine, and the peice, Article 2,
at II, H, H. the ponts of the guides, and is turned round by means of
machinery, see Articles 11, 12, and 13, Figure 2. Upon this roller re-
ceiving a slight resistance by one or more of the points of said guides running
through the peice, Article 2, and catching upon the flutings of the said roller,
the machine will be immediately thrown out of gear before any material
damage is done to the peice. 21. V. V, is a bride made of iron, or any other
hard strong substance, and screwed down upon the frame, Article 1, betwixt
the roller E, E, Article 7, and the roller U, U, Article 20. The use of this
bridge is to support the points of the knives in the opperation of cutting.
Figuro 2 is a section or side view of the said engine, machine, or instrument.
The following is a description of Figure 2: Article 1. A, A, is.a side view of
the frame of the machine.. 2. S, S. S. S, are legs which support the machine.
and T, T, are brackets intended to strengthen the legs. 8. B, B, B, B, B, B,
is an end view of the beams described, Article 4, Figure 1. 4. D is an end
view of the beam described Article 6, Figure 1. 5. G, G. G, G, G, G, G, G,
G, G, G, G, is a chart or track which the peice of fustinn makes in passing
through the machine, which is seen by tracing this chart from X to II
which part of the peice is uncut, but by being drawn through the machine

page_text: becomes cut in passing the points of the knives H, sec Article 15, and from.
thence it passes betwixt the rollers E, E, F, F, and J, J, see Articles 7 and 8,
and so to the ground at Y. Tension may be given to the peice in various
ways or otherwise.
6. P, Q, are two half rollers, made of wood or other
strong substance. The one half Q is fixed upon the two end legs, Article 2.
The other part P slides down à groove at the end of the frame, Article 1; "by
this means any degree of tension may be produced to the peice, Article 2,
Figure 1, by adding or diminishing the weight of P, which rests upon, the
peice aforesaid. 7. E, E, and F, F, is an end view of the rollers described,
Article 7, Figure 1. The roller E, E, has a wheel fitted upon its axis,. séc
Article 11, No. 7 and 8, which is of the same diameter as.. the roller F, E.
therefore cannot be seen, but the outline or circle of it is at the points of the
tecih of the wheel No. 7 and 8. 8. J, J, is an end view of a roller fixed. in
the machine under the roller F, F, Article 7, and Article 7, Figure 1. The
use of this roller is to take the peice, Article 2, Figure 1, off the roller E, E,
Article 7. 9. N, N, are the heads of two screws which are intended to give.
the rollers E, E, F, F, and J, J, Article 7 and 8, any degree of pressure
against one another, so that the pcice, Article 2, Figure 1, may not slide upon.
their surface when the machine is put in motion. 11. No. 7, 8, is a wheel
fit upon the axis of the roller E, E. Article 7,in such a manner as to be easily
turned round upon the said axis. This wheel has a circular, turned out
of the side, in which groove is fitted a small roller by means of a screw, which
serves for it to turn upon. The use of this roller is, that it is intended that it
should act upon the end of the lever No. 5, 6, Article 19, Figure 1, which
lever forms an inclined plain upon the side of the roller next the centure
of the wheel. Then as the roller always keeps at the same distance from the
centure of the said, wheel, the lever No. 5, 6, Figure 1, striks against the said
roller with the inclined plain aforesaid. When the machine is put in motion,
and as the said lever No. 5, 6, requires a certain degree of power to press it
lown, the wheel No. 7, 8, is compelled to turn round with it, which wheel.
No. 7, 8, drives the next mentioned wheels No. 11, 12, and 9,-10, the former,
of which is fixed fast npon the axis of the roller, Article 20, Figure 1,'
and takes it round also. 12. No. 11, 12, is a wheel fit upon the centre
of the roller, Article 20, Figure 1, and of the same diameter of the
same roller. 13. No. 9, 10, is a wheel which connects the wheel 7, 8,
Article 11, and the wheel No. 11, 12, Article 12. Then by stopping the
roller U, U, Article 20, Figure 1, will also stop the wheels No. 11, 12, 9,
10, and 7, 8. Then if the machine be continued in motion the roller that
is fit into the groove of the wheel No. 7, S, presses down the lever No.
groove

page_text: 5, 6, Article 19, Figure 1, and by that means sets at liberty the lever
No. 2, 3, Article 17, Figure 1, which lever at the same time draws away that
part of the bolt No. 1, Article 16, Figure 1, which the winch, Article 14,
Figure 1, locks upon, and by these means the machine is thrown out of gear.
14. K, K, is an end view of the plate described in Figure 1 by the Articles
8, 9, 10, 11, 12, and 13. 15. H, J, is one of the cutting knives described,
Article 3, Figure 1. 16. V is an end view of the bridge. Article 21,
Figure 1.
Figure 3 is an improved knife and guide. The following is a description of
Figure 3: Article 1. A, B, is the point and heel of the improved guide,
Article 2. No. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8. shew the edge of the knife, which is two
inches long.
Figure 4 is a knife and, guide unimproved. The following is a description
of Figure 4: Article 1. A. B. is the point and heel of the unimproved guide,
Article 2. No. 1, shews the edge of the knife, which is one fourth of an inch
long.
N.B. The Plan hereunto annexed is drawn upon a scale of six inches to the
foot, except that part which relates to the knives and guides, Figures 3 and 4,
which is upon a full scale of twelve inches.
In witness whereof, I, the said James Brown, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Third day of January, in the year of our Lord
One thousand seven hundred and ninety-four, and in the thirty-fourth
year of the reign of King George the Third.
Inrolled the Third day of January, in the year above written.