Iм- PROVEMENTS IN SELF-ACTING MULES AND TWINERS
Year: 1869

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Robertson, of 17, Queen's Chambers,
Market Street, Manchester, Engineer, for the Invention of "Iм-
PROVEMENTS IN SELF-ACTING MULES AND TWINERS."
Scaled the 14th September 1869, and dated the 16th March 1869.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Robertson at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
16th March 1869.
I, WILLIAM ROBERTSON, of 17, Queen's Chambers, Market Street,
Manchester, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said In-
vention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN SELF-ACTING MULES AND TWINERS," to be as
follows:-
My improvements refer to that form of self-acting mule or twiner in
which the machinery for operating the different parts is placed upon a
fixed headstock.
My first improvement refers to the backing off. In place of the
wheels and friction cones which are usually placed on the headstock and
operate through the twist band I place a pully on the second, third, or
Λ

page_text: other similar motion from the loose pully communicating motion in a
backward direction to a pully placed loose on the tin roller shaft, and
having a friction cone on one side thereof, which is brought into contact
with another cone on the tin roller pully in a manner to be hereafter
described and moves it in a backward direction. By this arrange-
ment I am enabled to save the breaking and straining of the tin roller
bands and to stop and reverse the spindles with greater readiness and
velocity.
My second improvement refers to the construction of the parts of the
motion leading to the scrolls and the cam shaft. On the loose pully
boss I place a skew bevil, and in gear therewith on a shaft at right
angles thereto extending across the frame I place a similar bevil.
Upon one end of this cross shaft I place a pair of friction cones, one of
which, loose on the above shaft, has a spur pinion thercon which gears
with a large spur wheel fast upon the scroll shaft, which is raised from
its usual position at the bottom of the headstock so as to gear therewith.
On the other end of the above-named cross shaft I place a skew pinion,
which gears into a similar wheel loose on the cam shaft, and imparts
motion thereto in a manner herein-after described. Or I place a spur
pinion upon the loose pully boss which gears into a wheel loose upon
the cam shaft, having a clutch or equivalent upon the side thereof for
putting the cam shaft in action, and also a grooved pully for putting
the backing off in operation, as above described, and it gears with a spur
wheel cast with or fixed to the friction cono, which takes the
carriage in, placed longitudinally in the leg of the framing and con-
nected with the scroll shaft by a bevil pinion and wheel in the usual
manner.
My third improvement consists in a novel combination and construc-
tion of machinery by which motion is communicated to the rollers and
carriage, and the faller lock is also accommodated thereto. I place on
the main shaft a friction cone weighted and operated from the cam shaft
by a spring weight or pressure, so that when withdrawn, as herein-after
described, its momentum may still continue to impel it onward. On the
boss of this cone I place à pinion which gears with another on one end
of an adjustable cannon shaft. On the other end of this cannon shaft I
fasten a small bevil pinion gearing into a similar wheel on the front
roller. By a short train of wheels from the front roller I communicate
motion to a shaft on which I place a pair of friction cones, to the driven

page_text: one of which I fasten a pinion, which gears with a wheel on the carriage
shaft and imparts motion thereto. On this shaft it has been usual in
this class of mules to have at each end of each plain scroll by which the
carriage is taken out a small differential scroll, so as to prevent the
shock caused by stopping the carriage at once when the rollers are
thrown out of gear. I dispense with the employment and use of these
differential scrolls, employing only plain scrolls, the weighted friction
cone above described, by which motion is imparted to the rollers, and
the carriage imparting motion to both until they stop quietly and
without injury to the yarn or shock to the carriage, whilst the friction
cones by which the carriage shaft is driven holds each way and prevents
the shaking of the carriage and permits it to slip when interfered with
by any unusual strain coming in its way. The carriage cones may, if
desired, be placed on the carriage shaft. It is obvious that the arrange-
ment described under this improvement will allow the carriage to vary a
little in the distance it is brought out, and the ordinary faller lock will
thereby be incomplete in its action. To compensate for this I form and
arrange the lock so as to act at right angles to its former direction,
thereby permitting it to act and he acted on at any convenient distance
from the roller beam, as herein-after described, the stud acting upon it
being made sufficiently long for the purpose. By this arrangement I am
also enabled to leave the carriage friction cones in gear until the backing
off is completed, and so to dispense with the holding-out catch, and to
bring the carriage to the head in a very gradual manner without the use
of differential scrolls as perfectly as has been done in the case of
travelling headstocks, or such as are moved by the mangle wheel, to
neither of which is the present arrangement applicable. I assist the
weighted friction cones above named by applying a break to the carriage
shaft.
My fourth improvement, which refers to a Patent for improvements in
self-acting mules, granted to me on the Thirty-first day of October One
thousand eight hundred and sixty-six, Number 2814, and to so much of
a Patent granted to me for certain improvements in machinery for
spinning and doubling, dated Thirteenth November One thousand eight
hundred and sixty-three, Number 2828, as refers to the method of
driving the winding on radial arm, and consists in a novel method of
working the jointed tongue by which the run-down is effected in mules
or twiners having a long builder. The tongue has a continuation

page_text: beyond its centre, making it a lever like a scale beam set upon a stud in
the copping rail, so as to rise and fall with it in the usual manner, so
that when the tongue so rises, as when set by hand when beginning a
set of cops, the added end is held from rising, and the point of it is raised
proportionally, and the chase is shortened. I leave a small distance,
say from three to five eighths of an inch, through which it is moved by a
rod, chain, or similar instrument connecting the rod which pushes the
faller down and a stud in the outer end of the above-named tongue.
The object of this connection is that after the faller has descended so
nearly to its position as to accomplish what is technically called locking
the fallers, and connecting the motion of tho carriage inwards, there is
the small distance above mentioned still to travel to place the faller in
position and complete the backing off, and the travelling of this distance
is effected not by raising farther the faller rod in the ordinary manner,
but by the lifting of the tongue which carries it in the manner above
described, which at once completes the backing off and places the builder
and faller in proper position for winding on the yarn as the carriage
moves inward. This motion I substitute for the differential radii or
sectors and their pendant rods mentioned in my Specification of Patent
dated Thirty-first October One thousand eight hundred and sixty-six,
Number 2814. The above arrangement having only one lock is at once
more simple and efficient.
I also arrange the parts for regulating the stopping of the spindles at
the termination of the backing off differentially. In mules having head-
stocks I place the radial arm within the framing, as in a Specification
and Drawing of the above-named Patent granted to me on the Thirteenth
November One thousand eight hundred and sixty-three, Number 2828,
but I carry the shaft on which it oscillates across the framing from side
to side. With the radial arm I cast or fasten a continuation underneath
the centre, projecting on one side sufficiently far to receive two studs,
one carrying a lever which has the winding on chain attached to one end
thereof, and by a stud in the middle left long enough to accommodate
itself to the varying length of the travel of the carriage outward, referred
to under my third improvement, and cause the faller to operate by means
of the winding on chain, as described in my said Specification of Patent
dated Thirty-first October One thousand eight hundred and sixty-six.
The other stud on the radial arm continuation carries a quadrant screw
wheel, which has a projection from one side which acts as a varying stop

page_text: for the above-named lever when the screw which gears with the quad-
rant wheel and is moved by the motion of the builder shifts its position.
I place the screw which gears with the quadrant as above named on the
radial arm shaft, so that the whole apparatus moves together round its
centre of oscillation. I also connect with the winding on radial arm a
rod and rack communicating with the carriage shaft, as in the Patent
above named granted to me on the Thirteenth November One thousand
eight hundred and sixty-three, Number 2828, but instead of attaching it
to an independent arm I.connect it directly with a horn projecting from
the radial arm itself.
My fifth improvement, which is for a novel method of adapting the
radial arm screw to the varying thickness of the cop, consists in placing
a lever jointed to the radial arm below its centre of oscillation, having
a curved edge looking inwards and a curved rack on the top gearing
with a pinion loose on the top end of the radial arm, which communi-
cates with the screw therein by means of a catch or click taking into a
ratchet fastened thereon. The curved face of the lever is formed so as
to allow a pin projecting from the nut to stop it differentially as the
cop is formed:
The action of the apparatus is as follows:-When the radial arm as
the carriage is moving inwards reaches about thirteen inches from its
innermost point, the lever above described will hang before the radial
arm during the first stretch on the bare spindle its entire length: At
this point it will come in contact with a hook removable by the action
of the counterfaller when it indicates that the yarn is being wound on
too slack, but which keeps its position when the said faller indicates that
the
yarn is too tight or approximates thereto, and will be pressed back-
wards through its entire length by the inward motion of the quadrant,
thus moving the screw nut outward from the centre. This advance of
the screw nut advances the pin projecting therefrom some way up the
curve surface of the hanging lever above described, so that when the
radial arm returns the pin in the nut does not permit it to fall quite so
far, and when the next tightness of the yarn takes place the hook
above mentioned does not catch it so soon nor carry it so far back. This
change produces another, and so on progressively until the set of cops
is completed. It may be useful to have the releasing hook divided into
two or three catches, so as to yield to partial as well as entire indications
of tightness. The hook is removed or regulated by the counterfaller

page_text: by means of a chain and weight operated on by it, and made to move
earlier or later by the action of the building faller; or it may be operated
on by means of a short shaper rail oscillating upon a shaft by means
of a pin projecting from one end of a lever moving on a stud in the
counterfaller arm, the other end being controlled by the building faller,
so that it will move a little earlier during the carlier stages of the cop
than during those where the bottom is nearly completed.
My sixth improvement, which refers to the mode of causing the cam
shaft to perform its various operations, and to the method by which it
is made to act and suspend its action, especially at and during the
locking of the fallers and the inward motion of the carriage, is as follows:
I make the shaft about the length of the headstock, and instead of
moving the clutches therefrom by which it is geared or released I mako
the shaft release itself by pushing itself on end so far as to get the
driving clutch or conc upon it beyond the reach of action. I place two
catch levers upon the headstock so as to act at each end of the stretch
in pushing out and releasing the cam shaft as above named, the agency
of the faller shafts being employed for the purpose. I cause all the
cams except those by which the shaft is released, for example, those for
changing the strap for releasing the rollers for putting in gear the out
and in motions of the carriage, which I work in unison, to act by the
edges thereof upon the various parts on which they operate, so that the
shaft when shifted on end may not change the position of anything
connected with it. I effect the change at the head and the roller beam
by a clutch or cone in the ordinary manner. Before the change at the
head or outer portion of the stretch is completed, the cam shaft charges
a spring, which in reacting presses in the backing-off cone on the tin
roller shaft brought into position under it by the outward travel of the
carriage, as described above under my first improvement, and also
presses a cam upon the edge of the lever by which the faller is locked,
so that when the building faller has arrived at its locking position the
cam shaft effects the locking thereof, and as this is effected by its being
turned partially on its axis, it places the cone by which the carriage is
brought out and kept out at freedom, and puts the cone which takes in
the carriage in action. These last-named changes being performed by
a spring or weight, or either of them, may be prevented from com-
mencing to act by means of a catch suitably placed, or may be stopped
when in action by the reversing of the position of the cam shaft. The

page_text: connections between the front and back of the headstock are by this
arrangement reduced to the cam shaft, operating partly by power and
partly by spring or weight, as described in the above statement.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said William Robertson in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 16th September 1869.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
ROBERTSON, of 17, Queen's Chambers, Market Street, Manchester,
Engineer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Ier
Letters Patent, bearing date the Sixteenth day of March, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-nine, in the thirty-
third year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give
and grant unto me, the said William Robertson, Her special licence
that the said William Robertson, my executors, administrators,
and assigns, or such others as I, the said William Robertson, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with,
and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the
term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise,
and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN SELP-ACTING MULES AND TWINERS," upon the condition (amongst others)
that I, the said William Robertson, my executors or administrators,
by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and
seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and
cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said William Robertson, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in aud
by the following statement :-

page_text: My improvements refer to that form of self-acting mule or twiner in
which the machinery for operating the different parts is placed upon a
fixed headstock.
My first improvement refers to the backing off. In place of the
wheels and friction cones which are usually placed on the headstock and
operate through the twist band I place a pully on the second, third, or
other similar motion from the loose pully communicating motion in a
backward direction to a pully placed loose on the tin roller shaft and
having a friction cone on one side thereof, which is brought into contact
with another cone on the tin roller pully in a manner to be hereafter
described, and moves it in a backward direction. By the arrangement I
am enabled to save the breaking and straining of the tin roller bands, and
to stop and reverse the spindles with greater readiness and velocity.
My second improvement refers to the construction of the parts of the
motion leading to the scrolls and the cam shaft. On the loose pully boss
I place a skew bevil, and in gear therewith on a shaft at right angles
thereto I place extending across the frame a similar bevil. Upon one
end of this cross shaft I place a pair of friction cones, one of which, loose
on the above shaft, has a spur pinion thereon, which gears with a large
spur wheel fast upon the scroll shaft, which is raised from its usual
position at the bottom of the headstock so as to gear therewith. On the
other end of the above-named cross shaft I place a skew pinion, which
gears into a similar wheel loose on the cam shaft, and imparts motion
thereto in a manner herein-after described. Or I place a spur pinion
upon the loose pully boss which gears into a wheel loose upon the cam
shaft, having a clutch or equivalent upon the side thereof for putting the
cam shaft in action, and also a groove pully for putting the backing off
in operation as above described, and it gears with a spur wheel cast with
the friction cone, which takes the carriage in, placed longitudinally in the
leg of the framing and connected with the scroll shaft by a bevil pinion
and wheel in the usual manner.
My third improvement consists in a novel combination and con-
struction of machinery by which motion is communicated to the rollers
and carriage, and the faller lock is also accommodated thereto. I place
on the main shaft a friction cone weighted and operated from the
cam shaft by a spring weight or pressure, so that when withdrawn as
herein-after described its momentum may still continue to impel it

page_text: onward. On the boss of this conc I place a pinion which gears with
another on one end of an adjustable cannon shaft. On the other end of
this cannon shaft I fasten a small bevil pinion gearing into a similar
wheel on the front roller. By a short train of wheels from the front
roller I communicate motion to a shaft on which I place a pair of
friction concs, to the driven one of which I fasten a pinion, which gears
with a wheel on the carriage shaft and imparts motion thereto. On this
shaft it has been usual in this class of mules to have at each end of cach
plain scroll by which the carriage is taken out a small differential scroll
so as to prevent the shock caused by stopping the carriage at once when
the rollers are thrown out of gear. I dispense with the employment and
use of these differential scrolls, employing only plain scrolls, the weighted
friction cone above described by which motion is imparted to the rollers,
and the carriage imparting motion to both until they stop quictly and
without injury to the yarn or shock to the carriage, whilst the friction
cones by which the carriage shaft is driven holds cach way and prevents
the shaking of the carriage and permits it to slip when interfered with
by any unusual strain coming in its way. The carriage cones may be
placed on the carriage shaft. It is obvious that the arrangement
described under this improvement will allow the carriage to vary a little
in the distance it is brought out, and the ordinary faller lock will thereby
be incomplete in its action. To compensate for this I form and arrange
the lock so as to act at right angles to its former direction, thereby per-
mitting it to act and be acted on at any convenient distance from the
roller beam as herein after described, the stud acting upon it being mado
sufficiently long for the purpose. By the arrangement I am also enabled
to leave the carriage friction cones in gear until the backing off is com-
pleted, and so to dispense with the holding cut catch and to bring the
carriage to the head in a very gradual manner without the use of
differential scrolls as perfectly as has been done in the case of travelling
headstocks, or such as are moved by the mangle wheel, to neither of
which is the present arrangement applicable.

page_text: the winding on radial arm, and consists in a novel method of working
the jointed tongue by which the run down is effected in mules or twiners
having a long builder. The tongue has a continuation beyond its centre,
making it a lever like a scale beam set upon a stud in the copping rail,
so as to rise and fall with it in the usual manner, so that when the
tongue so rises as when set by hand when beginning a set of cops the
added end is held from rising and the point of it is raised proportionally
and the chase is shortened. I leave a small distance, say from three to
five eighths of an inch, through which it is moved by a rod, chain, or
similar instrument connecting the rod which pushes the faller down and
a stud in the outer end of the above-named tongue. The object of this
connection is that after the faller has descended so nearly to its position
as to accomplish what is technically called locking the fallers and con-
necting the motion of the carriage inwards, there is the small distance
above mentioned still to travel to place the faller in position and
complete the backing off, and the travelling of this distance is effected
not by raising farther the faller rod in the ordinary manner, but by the
lifting of the tongue which carries it in the manner above described,
which at once completes the backing off and places the builder and
faller in proper position for winding on the yarn as the carriage moves
inward. This motion I substitute for the differential radii or sectors
and their pendant rods mentioned in my Specification of Thirty-first
October One thousand eight hundred and sixty-six, No. 2814. The above
arrangement having only one lock is at once more simple and efficient.
I also arrange the parts for regulating the stopping of the spindles
at the termination of the backing off differentially. In mules having
headstocks I place the radial arm within the framing, as in a Specifi-
cation and Drawing of the above-named Patent granted to me on
the Thirteenth November One thousand eight hundred and sixty-three,
No. 2828, but I carry the shaft on which it oscillates across the
framing from side to side. With the radial arm I cast or fasten a con-
tinuation underneath the centre, projecting on one side sufficiently far to
receive two studs, one carrying a lever which has the winding on chain
attached to one end thereof, and by a stud in the middle left long enough
to accommodate itself to the varying length of the travel of the carriage
outward, and referred to under my third improvement, cause the faller
to operate by means of the winding on chain, as described in my said
Specification dated Thirty-first October One thousand eight hundred
and sixty-six. The other stud on the radial arm continuation carries a

page_text: quadrant screw wheel, which has a projection from one side which acts
as a varying stop for the above-named lever when the screw which gears
with the quadrant wheel and is moved by the motion of the builder
shifts its position. I place the screw which gears with the quadrant as
above-named on the radial arm shaft so that the whole apparatus moves
together round its centre of oscillation. I also connect with the winding
on radial arm a rod and rack communicating with the carriage shaft, as
in the Patent above-named granted to me on the Thirteenth November
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-three, No. 2828, but instead
of attaching it to an independent arm I connect it directly with a horn
projecting from the radial arm itself.
My fifth improvement, which is for a novel method of adapting the
radial arm screw to the varying thickness of the cop, consists in placing
a lever jointed to the radial arm below its centre of oscillation, having a
curved edge looking inwards, and a curved rack on the top gearing
with a pinion loose on the top end of the radial arm which com-
municates with the screw therein by means of a catch or click taking
into a ratchet fastened thereon. The curved face of the lever is formed
so as to allow a pin projecting from the nut to stop it differentially as
the cop is formed.
The action of the apparatus is as follows:-When the radial arm as
the carriage is moving inwards reaches about thirteen inches from its
innermost point the lever above described will hang before the radial
arm during the first stretch on the bare spindle its entire length. At
this point it will come in contact with a hook removable by the action
of the counterfaller when it indicates that the yarn is being wound
on too slack, but which keeps its position when the said faller indicates
that the yarn is too tight or approximates thereto and will be pressed
backwards through its entire length by the inward motion of the
quadrant, thus moving the screw nut outward from the centre. This
advance of the screw nut advances the pin projecting therefrom
some way up the curve surface of the hanging lever above described,
so that when the radial arm returns the pin in the nut does not permit
it to fall quite so far, and when the next tightness of the yarn takes
place the hook above named does not catch it so soon nor carry it so
far back. This change produces another, and so on progressively until
the set of cops is completed. It may be useful to have the releasing
hook divided into two or three catches so as to yield to partial as well

page_text: as entire indications of tightness. The hook is removed or regulated by
the counterfaller by means of a chain and weight operated on by it
and made to move carlier or later by the action of the building faller; or
it may be operated on by means of a short shaper rail oscillating upon a
shaft by means of a pin projecting from one end of a lever moving on a
stud in the counterfaller arm, the other end being controlled by the
building faller so that it will move a little carlier during the earlier
stages of the cop than during those where the bottom is nearly
completed.
My sixth improvement, which refers to the mode of causing the cam
shaft to perform its various operations, and to the method by which it is
'made to act and suspend its action, especially at and during the locking
of the fallers and the inward motion of the carriage, is as follows:-I
make the shaft about the length of the headstock, and instead of
moving the clutches therefrom by which it is geared or released I make
the shaft release itself by pushing itself on end so far as to get the
driving clutch or conc upon it beyond the reach of action. I place two
catch levers upon the headstock so as to act at each end of the stretch
in pushing out and releasing the cam shaft as above named, the agency
of the faller shafts being employed for the purpose. I cause all the cams
except those by which the shaft is released, for example, those for
changing the strap for releasing the rollers for putting in gear the out
and in motions of the carriage, which I work in unison, to act by the
edges thereof upon the various parts on which they operate so that the
shaft when shifted on end may not change the position of anything
connected with it. I effect the change at the head and the roller beam
by a clutch or conc in the ordinary manner. Before the change at
the head or outer portion of the stretch is completed the cam shaft
charges a spring, which in reacting presses in the backing-off conc on
the tin roller shaft brought into position under it by the outward travel
of the carriage as described above under my first improvement, and also
presses a cam upon the edge of the lever by which the faller is locked,
so that when the building faller has arrived at its locking position the
cam shaft effects the locking thereof, and as this is effected by its being
turned particully on its axis it places the cone by which the carriage is
brought out and kept out at freedom and puts the cone which takes in
the carriage in action. These last-named changes being performed by a
spring or weight or either of them may be prevented from commencing

page_text: to act by means of a catch suitably placed, or may be stopped when in
action by the reversing of the position of the cam shaft. The connec
tions between the front and back of the headstock arc by this arrange-
ment reduced to the cam shaft operating partly by power partly by
spring or weight as described in the above statement.
And in order that my Invention may be more easily understood and
more readily carried into effect I will now proceed to describe the same,
reference being had to the accompanying Drawings, in which Figure 1
exhibits an elevation of a fixed headstock according to my Invention ;
Figure 2 exhibits a plan of the same; Figure 3 exhibits an elevation
of the back end; Figure 4 exhibits an elevation of the front end;
Figure 5 represents the lever m³ with the rod" with the pieces and
thercon in front and side elevation; Figure 6 represents the application of
the series from 1 to 10 in diagram to the formation of the scroll; Figure 7
represents the cam plate " by which the cam shaft is pushed horizontally.
A is the framing of the headstock; B is the carriage; C, the square
or cross laid in it. a, a, a, are pullies mounted upon the main shaft a³;
they receive and transmit motion to all the parts of the mule, as hercin-
after described. The pulley a is fast upon the main shaft; the other
two are loose upon it. Through the main shaft by means of the band
pulley fastened upon it motion is communicated through the band or
bands as to the tin rollers and spindles. The pulley a is so formed that
Its interior is made one half a friction clutch, by which motion is com-
municated through the other half a and the pinion a' fast on its boss to
the rollers and carriage. The pulley a¹ gives motion to the backing off
and the taking in of the carriage through the pinion as fastened upon
its boss. The pulley a is the loose pulley. When a countershaft is
employed, the pulley a' is left out and the pinion a' is fastened upon the
boss of the loose pulley a, which in that case gives motion to the back-
ing off and the taking in of the carriage. To give motion to the rollers
and the carriage the strap as is placed full upon the pulley a, the
friction clutch a, a, is put in gear, the pinion a fastened as above
described upon the boss of the half-friction clutch a gives motion to
the pinion & upon one end of the cannon shaft be, which revolves in the
cannon b adjustable upon the cross rail A' of the framing. To the other
end of the cannon shaft is fastened the bevil pinion 3, which gears
with the bevil wheel 'fastened upon the front delivery roller ³ so as to
be capable of being adjusted thereupon when the change pinion & above

page_text: described is altered in size according to the conditions required by the
yarn being spun. On the delivery roller is also fastened the gain
wheel 6, which that it may be occasionally changed I make the middle
section of the roller removable by placing couplings b, b, on it, one at
each side of the headstock, by which it may be easily removed and
replaced without disturbing the line of rollers. In gear with the gain
wheel is the gain change wheel 6° fast on one end of the shaft 6 of the
cannon adjustable on the bracket fastened upon the portion of
the roller beam or its equivalent rail A' within the headstock frame.
Besides the adjustable fastening just described the cannon " has also an
arm on the other end of it, also adjustable, and having a hole fitted to the
carriage shaft c so as to move easily around and concentric with it. By
this last arrangement the pinion c¹ upon the other end of the cannon
shaft above referred to is kept concentric with the carriage shaft c when
adjusted to suit the gear of the gain wheel 6, and the gain change
wheel 6 and also the pinion c¹ is kept constantly geared with the
internal wheel c², which revolves loose upon the carriage shaft c the
outside of which forms one-half of a friction clutch having a ring groove
in the boss thereof, by which it is moved by the fork longitudinally
upon the carriage shaft, and placed into or out of gear with the other
half of the friction clutch fastened upon the carriage shaft c. Upon
the respective ends of the carriage shaft are fastened the scrolls c', c³.
To each of these scrolls are fastened two bands, one for drawing out the
carriage and one for holding the drawing out band at proper tightness.
These bands pass around the pullies ", c, on the stud fastened in the
framing, and the drawing out band passes round the pulley on the
stud c also fastened in the framing. The ends of each of the bands
are fastened to the bosses of adjustable ratchets c", c, fastened in suit-
able brackets in the carriage B. By means of the gain wheels above
described the motion of the carriage outward is adjusted accurately to
the surface motion of the delivery roller, and to secure this within the
smallest limits I make these gain wheels of a very fine pitch, and so
obtain as large a number of teeth as possible in them, being never less
than one hundred, and going up to one hundred and thirty, so that a
tooth of change approximates in length delivered to from one-half to
five-eighths of an inch. By the change pinion 6' on the cannon shaft
also I change the speed of the rollers and carriage jointly in the ratio
required by the speed of the spindles, the change between the whole
system of connection between the rollers and carriage and the main

page_text: shaft being effected by the friction clutch a, a, the half a of which
I move longitudinally upon the main shaft by the fork /10. I also make
the weight of the half friction clutch a adjustable so as its momentum
when disconnected from the pulley a may be regulated to carry forward
the rotation of the rollers according to their length or the weights with
which they are loaded until the outward motion of the carriage has
ceased without its being carried as is customary in fixed headstocks
against stops, so that by this arrangement I am enabled to bring the
carriage to a resting as gradually as by the mangle wheel or as the
travelling headstock has done, and without the use of differential scrolls
on the carriage shaft, the action of which, though they assuredly save
the yarn from being broken by the pull of the carriage in coming to its
resting, at the same time relieve the yarn from the strain of the gain of
the carriage over the rollers, which strain as it is employed for the
purpose of levelling the yarn becomes more necessary and useful the
longer the portion becomes which is distended between the rollers and
the points of the spindles. The slow approach of the carriage to the
end of the outward run and the absence of differential scrolls on the
carriage shaft enable me to square the carriage by the double-acting
squaring band, which I attach not to the end of the carriage as is
usually done but at two-thirds of this distance as the proper centre
of percussion, making the necessary variations around that centre
as have been made hitherto around the end of the carriage, or, if
the carriage shaft is used, I attach the outer band in the same manner.
To compensate defects, for instance, I weight the carriage beyond the
centre or point of percussion and thus overcome the difficulty of fixing
the attachment of the squaring band at the exact centre where any
difficulty occurs in its application. It is to be noticed, however, that
the apparatus above described, although fully sufficient to effect its
purpose unaided, if working with what is technically called twist at the
head, that is to say, when the spindles continue at their full rate of
speed for some time after the carriage has come to a resting, with the
view of hardening the yarn, yet when the motion of the spindle ceases
with the motion of the carriage and the backing off is applied at or
about the same instant of time, care must be taken in the method of
applying the bands from the band pulley a to the pulley d upon the
tin roller shaft d¹, and also to the method of applying the band ' to the
backing-off pulley loose upon the cap boss or bearing of the tin
roller shaft d'. The point of difficulty is that when the backing-off band

page_text: and the tin roller band are put on so as both to lead the same way the
effect is that the motion of the carriage at the end of the stretch receives
a sudden impulse which tends to neutralize the effect of the apparatus
above described. The method of applying these bands shown in the
Drawings, whilst novel in itself, is also an element of utility of consider-
able moment in the application of this portion of my Invention not less
than in the action of the backing off, under which head of Invention I
now proceed to describe them.
The motion forward of the tin roller pulley d is effected by the band
or bands a³ in the following manner :-Looking on the back clevation,
Figure 3, the portion of it coming from the rim band pulley a' on the
left hand passes over the skewed pulley d³ running loosely on the stud
d carried by the bracket d. There is a novel arrangement for carrying
this bracket, by which it is adjusted around that portion of the band
passing between it and the pulley d³ on the stud in the carriago
square C. By this peculiar adjustment it can be accommodated to any
size of pulley on the main shaft without altering its relation to the
pulley ds in the carriage square. The stud & above referred to is
adjustable in the carriage square by means of the screw do, it is also
so far skewed as to enable the return bands to clear it in passing. On
leaving this pulley as the bands pass over the tin roller pulley d, and from
thence over the pulley " on the winding on radial arm shaft f which
passes across the headstock. From the pulley " the bands pass to
the pulley d on the stud d supported in a similar manner to that
above described with reference to the pulley d³, and from the pulley d¹³
the bands join on the rim band pulley a*.
The features of novelty besides that of the method of adjusting the
pullies above described are both the pullies at the back are set as near
the floor as possible and have thus less tendency to spring off in working,
and the adjustment or tightening pulley being in the carriage square the
room occupied outside of the headstock by the old arrangement can be
otherwise utilized. The arrangement also admits of bringing up the
scroll shaft and so economizing space at the back of the headstock. To
give motion to the backing-off band the pinion a³ gives motion to the
wheel loose upon the boss which carries one end of the cam shaft k,
and which has on it a half clutch for giving motion at intervals to the
cam shaft and a band pulley, by which motion is communicated by the
band
to the pulley ³ loose, as above described, upon the bearing d' of

page_text: the tin roller shaft d' on the carriage square. The most noticeable
feature of this band is that it passes to the carriage from the pulley on
the wheel in an opposite direction to that described with reference to
the tin roller band. That band is shown to lead inwards towards the
carriage, the return band passing from one end of the headstock to the
other. This band on the contrary first passes from one end of the head-
stock to the other, and the return band passes from the front of the
headstock round the backing-off pulley in the carriage square to the return
pulley on the back of the headstock. By this arrangement of the bands a³
and the motion of the carriage is not affected by or during the backing
off, as the one band tends to neutralize the action of the other. The
mode or manner of putting on the bands a and h' becomes thus an
important feature in this part of my Invention. The backing-off
pulley has on its boss a ring groove into which the fork takes and
is by it moved longitudinally on its bearing, and the half friction clutch
on the other side thereof is geared with and released from the half
clutch on or in the tin roller pulley d, and thus the backward motion
of the spindles is imparted to them or caused to cease. At this point
also another part of the arrangement herein-before described comes into
useful operation, as during the backing off, that the carriage may
continue perfectly still, the friction clutch c, c, upon the carriage
shaft, and by which the carriage is moved outwards as above described,
is left in gear and all tendency to move or shake is thereby set aside.
This leaving of the friction clutch c, c, in gear dispenses with the
catch usually found at the headstock out end, and it also accommodates
itself in a manner which that catch could not do to the varying length
of stretch produced by any alteration in the rate of motion of the first
driving power, which rate of motion as it cannot but affect similarly the
rate of motion of the weighted half friction clutch a above described
must cause it to have a greater or less impetus on approaching the
termination of the outward run of the carriage and so carry it a little
farther or a little less far at some times than others. This slightly
differential travel of the carriage affects not only the backing off but
also the putting down of the fallers and the faller lock, as will be
noticed herein-after in describing that portion of my Invention by which
the putting down of the faller is actuated and terminated, and which I
now proceed to describe.
When the tin roller shaft is moved backward by the action of the
band the clip spring puts the catch into gear with the ratchet

page_text: wheel loose upon the tin roller shaft d'. The ratchet wheel ' is fastened
to the boss of the pinion 48, which gears with the wheel f', which
rotates upon the shaft" and has upon it the barrel f, which has wound
upon it the winding-on chain f. The chain f* passes from the barrel f³
around the nut pulley f on the radial arm screw fo to one end of the
lever f, which oscillates on the stud f fast or loose in the radial
arm f. In the other end of the lever f is fastened the stud f
adjustable in a slot in the lever f. Upon this stud is placed the
pendant rod f", at the bottom of which are placed several adjustable
pieces, shown in dots in position at the out end of the headstock, onc
by which the faller is put down and stopped coming under the bottom
of the lever m³, and by raising it depresses the faller. It is made suffi-
ciently long to allow of the differential termination of the motion of
the carriage above described. Another piece by which one end of a
tongue suspended loosely upon a stud in the copping rail mis
actuated as herein below described when the faller has been locked by
the lever m³ reaching its rest upon the trail lever m². The lever m³ is
placed upon a stud m* set loose upon a stud m³ so as to allow the
pendant lever m³ to have a double motion. The stud m³ is fastened in
an adjustable slot in the sector mo, which is fastened on the building
faller shaft p. The picce by which the faller is put down and stopped
has an inclined plane upon the point thereof, up which incline the
bottom end of the pendant lever m³ passes, and is caused to press down
the building faller p nearly to the point of the spindles. It has also a
projection upon the back part thereof, which when the faller has reached
its destination comes into contact with the stud f" in an adjustable
slot in the quadrant screw wheel 18, which oscillates once during every
set of cops upon a stud f in the radial arm fº. The quadrant wheel fis
oscillates in accordance with the builder ratchet me by means of the
screw, which is moved as the ratchet itself is moved by the following
means: The skew pinion m' fast on the builder screw m, which gears
with the screw pinion m³ fast on the upright shaft m turning loose in
the bracket m, and having the bevil m" fast on its upper end, which
gears with the bevil wheel m" on the radial arm shaft f. Into the end
of the boss of the bevil m" is driven or screwed a pin, which at each
oscillation of the radial arm, that is to say, once in every stretch, comes
into contact with a similar pin driven or screwed into the worm,
which moves the quadrant wheels, as above described, in the precise
proportion of the movement imparted to the ratchet wheel. The system

page_text: being simply a multiplication of parts, at which the step-by-step motion
of that ratchet may be applied, simply imparting the motion of the
ratchet wheel but not the peculiar forms of motion embodied in and
derivable from the builder, and it saves the addition of similar movements
being produced, and similar change wheels to the ratchet of the builder
being added, as but for the connection indicated above such changes
and change wheels to suit would have to be provided for both. This
ratchet wheel may, of course, be applied to either member, either to the
builder as heretofore and as described above and shown in the Drawings,
or as adapted to the step-by-step motion of the screw f". The quadrant
screw wheels moved as above described, or directly as above stated in
accordance with the ratchet wheel mo, gradually brings its stud flower
and lower as the set of cops advances upon the piece on the pendant
rod f", which has the effect of stopping the backing off sooner in the
same proportion. The projection in the back of the piece I make of
some considerable breadth, so as to be able to give it some little shape,
with the view of more exactly adapting it to the rate of increase of
the point of the cop, that being the portion thereof to which the termi-
nation of the backing off should correspond. When the lever m³ has
reached its resting place upon the trail lever m³, the bowl in which
rests upon the tongue m in the shaper rail m', the piece 4 on the pendant
rod" comes in contact with a projection from the end of this lever or
tongue and raises it, and lowers the faller until the backing off
has ceased by the piece coming in contact with the stud f¹ in the
quadrant screw wheel above described. The object of introducing this
lever or tongue m, and the amount of motion which is communicated to
it is such that after the faller is locked there is an instant of time during
which the motion for taking in the carriage has not got proper hold,
and during which the spindles by the impetus they have received in
backing off continue to move in the same direction. If this or a similar
movement by which the faller continues to descend were not applied.
the yarn backed off must come from the point of the cop itself instead
of from the part of the spindle above it. This causes great irregularity
in the winding on at the beam, as the yarn laid on the cop is continually
unwound at the backing off. It has also a tendency to make the points
soft and flabby at the finish, and to produce and introduce snarls into
the yarn. To hold the distance to be moved through by the tongue m
in control, so that it shall vary as the cop advances in a proper ratio,
that is, shall determine the point at which in the descent of the faller
O

page_text: the lever m³ shall rest upon the trail lever m², I attach a stud to an
extension of the lever beyond the stud on which it oscillates and connect
this stud to a shaper on the builder connecting rod, by which it is
allowed to fall in correct ratio. I substitute this tongue and its corre-
sponding movement and the mode of regulation above described for the
double pendant rods and sectors with adjustable radii in the Patent
granted to me on the Thirty-first day of October One thousand eight
hundred and sixty-six, Number 2S14, as a most important improvement
thereupon, rendering the locking of the faller and its after travel moro
simple, accurate, and trustworthy.
It will be observed from the Drawing, Figure 2, that I place the
radial arm between the sides of the framing as in a Patent granted to
me on the Thirteenth November One thousand eight hundred and sixty-
three, Number 2828, but that I carry the shaft on which it is placed
right across the frame, which gives it greater steadiness and enables me
to place thereupon the return pulley d" for the run band as, the return
pulley for the scroll chain or band, and the wheel and screw above
described for regulating the stopping of the backing off, &c.
I will now proceed to describe the method of taking in the carriage
and winding on the yarn upon the spindles. The wheel h above
described receiving motion from the pinion "fast upon the boss of the
pulley a¹
gears with the wheel upon the outside of the half of the
friction clutch 8 by which the carriage is drawn inwards. This wheel
and half clutch is moved longitudinally by means of the fork s cast
with the upright shaft & in bearings on the framing, so that it is put in
gear with and released from the other half clutch when required.
When the backing off has been carried so far as to allow the lever m³
to reach its resting on the trail lever m³, the connection is formed
between the two halves of the friction clutch 8, s; a bevil pinion & cast
with the half friction clutch gears with the bevil wheel fastened
upon the scroll shaft. To this shaft are fastened the two scrolls & by which
the carriage is drawn in, and 87 by which it is held back. These scrolls
I form in two halves and make to ascend quicker than usual, using the
first ten numbers, Fig. 6, as an ascending series, thus, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7,
8, 9, 10, so that as the series varies quickly in the first members of it
the carriage sooner arrives at its full speed, and though drawn in in the
same time it never reaches the same velocity. By making them in
halves I am also able to make one-half pattern serve for a whole seroil,

page_text: and am also able by adjusting them to make them suit for a longer or
shorter stretch by leaving a smaller or larger space at the joints. These
scrolls act upon the carriage by the chains 8, 6, which do not admit
of any yielding and are always of one length, and by one chain I anı
able to do the work of two bands, and they are tightened by a simple
hook and screw to the carriage square C. It is obvious that the above
proportions may be applied to a scroll of any suitable number of
revolutions in the spiral length. I have chosen three such revolutions in
the proportions of wheels shown in the Drawings, but any other number
or fraction might have been substituted. These arrangements follow from
the system of backing off herein-before described. Thus when the faller
is pulled down by the winding on chain and stopped by the quadrant
wheel stop the catch for winding on is also that which has done duty
during the backing off, and no time is lost nor action needs to be
performed to put the catch 4 into gear with the ratchet wheel ', being
already geared therewith. Thus the inward motion of the carriage does
not need to be made slow for any distance at starting for the purpose
of putting the catch easily into gear, and I am thus enabled to use
this effect of the backing off and adapt the form of scrolls thereto.
The strain of the winding on also being upon the scroll from the first
I am enabled to employ a chain instead of two bands; for the same reason
the catch holding the yielding as of bands is not necessary; and again
from the continuous accuracy of the measurement of the chains I am
enabled to make the scrolls in halves adjustable as above described, as
they always stand related to each other nearly in the very same ratio.
By the small diameter of these scrolls the rapid rate of rising com-
pensating for the large diameter I am also able to take in the carriage
with a much less expenditure of power in the driving frictions 8, 8³.
These advantages, taken altogether, arise from the working of the backing
off as above described and worked out in practice, but they are novel
in themselves and enter as important elements in my present Invention.
During the moving inwards of the carriage the winding-on radial arm f
requires to move through an arc of a circle. To the back of the half
clutch on the carriage shaft c bercin-before described is fastened the
pinion c, which gears with the horizontal rack f which slides on
the cross rails at the back of the headstock, and has also the adjustable
antifriction roller fa in the end of it next the rollers, which runs
fastened to the framing. A connecting rod
reaches from the stud " in the end of the rack to the radial arm
upon the guide rail

page_text: slot bracket. This bracket is slotted both longitudinally and radially,
longitudinally to allow the radial arm to be adjusted equally in the length
of its travel, and radially to alter the length of that travel. By this con-
nection the radial arm fo moves with the carriage by its connection with
the pinion c. The power of adjustment in the parts described make this
part of my Invention a considerable improvement upon a similar portion
'described in the Specification of a Patent granted to me on the
Thirteenth November One thousand eight hundred and sixty-three. It is
well known that the winding on of the yarn upon the bare spindle
requires proportionally a much larger number of revolutions thereof than
when the cop has been fully formed, and that in passing from the bare
spindle to the full cop the number of variations in the number of the
revolutions necessary to wind on the yarn bears a relation to the thick-
ness of the yarn being wound. It is also well known that by means of
the radial arm screw the nut can be adjusted nearer to or farther from
the centre so as to produce the requisite number of revolutions of the
spindle suitable for any thickness of cop between the bare spindle and
full cop.
To meet these conditions of the relation thus continuously
varying between these two points I place upon the stud v³ in the con-
tinuation of the radial arm f projecting downwards a rack v and
lever. The rack gears with the pinion loose upon the radial arm
screw. The pinion 3 has a face ratchet cast with it into which the
catches, &c. take. These catches v, &c. are carried in an arm
fastened upon the screw f. When the radial arm advances inwards
it is obvious that the arm v' will fall forward until it is stopped by the
projection w upon the radial arm screw nuts at the beginning of a set
of cops set at or nearly at the centre of the radial arm. The distance
thus fallen through is proportioned to the distance to be travelled by the
screw nuts by the size of the pinion ³, which I make a change pinion,
and the pitch of the screw. The rack at the top of the radial arm is
made of a travelling length, such that it will correspond with the inward
travel of the carriage through twenty inches at the roller beam. This
occurs only when the spindles are bare. When it is thrust back by the
projection 10 through its whole stretch the cop will be full size. I take
the points thus indicated and make between them a curve proportioned
to the revolutions of the spiral cones produced by the winding on of the
yarn, and as the projection to passes a part of the rod corresponding
to each of them in succession the advance of the screw nut is pro-
portioned accordingly, its travel being long at the bottom, and becoming

page_text: shorter as the cop thickens. Underneath the rack
rack ', into which the catch v³ hung upon a stud
is fastened a ratchet
in the under side of
the framing takes so placed and of such length that it will just push the
rack back its entire length at the beginning of a set of cops, and be
quite free of the rack when the said set of cops is finished as the radial
arm f advances inwards. As the cop increases in thickness the conical
point also increases in length, and this increase at certain stages of
advance makes the cop conical point for most numbers of yarn for some-
time of uniform spiral length. During these times it is necessary as a
matter of course that no change should take place in the position of the
radial arm screw nuts, and the following apparatus is designed to hold
in suspension the catch v³, so that it will not act until some tangible
variation in the spiral length of the cop point has taken place, and also
to avoid changing the pinion, except at wide differences in the
numbers being spun, as if the rack and rod v' were to suit every number
the pinion would also need to be changed in like manner, but by
holding out the catch for a few stretches at a time this is rendered un-
necessary. The spring 10 is attached to the catch vs so as to pull it
towards the rack v. The end of a small cord " is fastened to the catch
and is passed over the small pulley on the stud
in the framing;
on the L lever p³
it then passes to the small double pulley " on the stud
fixed on the faller bracket p fixed on the carriage square C. It is then
passed round the small pulley on the stud in the counterfaller
finger q' on the counterfaller q. It passes round the small double pulley
on the stud 1, above referred to, and thence to the ratchet boss 10
on the stud. By this boss the length of the cord " is regulated and
held by the catch so as to gear with the teeth of the ratchet when
the counterfaller wire in the finger q' is a little below the spindle point.
When the cone increases its spiral length it takes more yarn to cover
it; this is indicated by the counterfaller finger q' being pulled down
towards the point of the spindles; the band v" is released and the spring
210 pulls the catch 9 into gear with the rack and pushes it back, and
so by turning the radial screw nut farther from the centre conforms the
revolutions of the spindles to the increased spiral length of the conical
point of the cop. The L lever p³, fixed as above described to the faller
bracket p', has its point next the cam p* on the building faller p shaped
so as when the building faller p descends on the bare spindle to its
lowest point it permits the pulley " to yield a little, and at this stage
of the cop the catch is permitted to get in gear with the ratchet

page_text: rack a little before the counterfaller finger q' has descended to the
spindle point. The object of this accommodation is that from the
greater velocity of the spindles when commencing to wind on a set of
cops they cannot be controlled as they can after they have been so far
filled as to move at a moderate and constantly increasing pace. When
the set of cops is nearly filled the spindle becomes a little smaller and
the ordinary rate of winding on throughout the first part of the set
is not sufficient at this point thereof. To accommodate for this I use
the chain or band y, which I fasten at one end to the lever y on
the end of the quadrant shaft f". It is then passed round the
pulley y on the stud" on the lever f, and from thence is passed
to and fastened in an adjustable manner to the end of the framing.
By this arrangement the chain or band y is gradually tightened as the
cop fills by the action of the quadrant, and as the radial arm moves
towards the roller beam it begins to tighten the chain y on the pulley y',
and so to pull back the lever lever" and harden the winding on at the
point of the cop. When the winding on has been completed the lever m
comes in contact with a differential incline fastened upon the floor frame
and is thereby removed from its resting upon the trail lever m², and the
faller p rises to the position it occupies when the carriage is coming out
upon the stretch. During the coming out of the carriage the band a
passed round the pulley on the winding barrel relaps the chain upon
it to prepare for another stretch. The band is held at one end by
the stud in the back framing, and is passed over the levelling
pulleya on the stud in the bracket 2 on the carriage square C. It
is then passed to the boss of the ratchet a held by the catch a7, which
ratchet is placed on the stud as in the end framing.
I will now proceed to describe the cam shaft by which the various
motions herein-before described are in succession brought into operation.
This shaft is placed in three bearings h', herein-before described, fixed
to the back framing, the cam shaft passing through its centre whilst the
wheel runs loose upon the outside of its boss. The second bearing k
is placed in the middle of the shaft, and fixed at the outer end of the
frame. On the end of the shaft next the wheel is fastened the half
clutch, which is capable as the shaft is moved longitudinally of
gearing with the half clutch upon the wheel h. Between the boss of
the face cam and the fixing is placed an opened spring, which
tends and has power sufficient to push the shaft longitudinally so as the

page_text: clutch, h, gets into gear, as above described. They are withdrawn
and prevented from acting by the face cam ' fastened upon the shaft,
which is held in position with the shaft out of gear by means of the
lever, which is hung upon the bracket bolted to the framing. In
one arm of this lever is placed a bowl the face of which is so set
against the cam that it keeps the clutch ³, h, out of gear. The other
arm of the lever has an adjustable piece on it which when the carriage
reaches the roller beam is lifted up by the fallers, and the bowl above
described is removed from the portion of the face cam against which it
pressed. This allows the cam shaft to be moved on end by the spring
and the clutch to go into gear, and the shaft goes round until a projec-
tion from the face cam comes against the bowl in the lever k, and
it is again pressed out of gear and retained in position. In making this
change the shaft performs something over half a revolution. At the
commencement of its motion the cam 7, which is made double, has
acted upon the double lever, and through the shaft "has held out the
friction,, out of gear by the fork, and by means of the lever 4"
and the rod has acted on the fork rod arms and pressed the friction
clutch 8, 3, into gear and taken in the carriage. By this action of the
cam shaft these arrangements are reversed, and the friction, is put
into gear, so that the carriage is ready to be brought out
friction 8, 8, is liberated by which it has been brought inwards.
the commencement of the above-named revolution of the
cam has permitted the spring to act upon the fork k and hold the
friction clutch a, a, out of gear, and by this revolution it causes the
cam to press that friction into gear by which the rollers and carriage
are moved outwards. By this revolution also the cam puts the
strap fork over so as to place the strap a upon the pulley a. These
arrangements performed when the carriage reaches the roller beam adjust
the work so as to bring out the carriage and drive the rollers and
spindles as herein before described.
accomplished, the spring on the stud
is distended and set so that just before the
ceases it has passed the dead centre, and
stopped against the catch on the stud
the carriage begins to move outwards the adjustable piece upon the 1.
lever is released from the fallers, and by its own weight, aided if
necessary by a spring, it allows the bowl in the other arm of it to fall
lower upon the face of the plate or face cam ', so that the bowl will roll
and the
Also at
cam shaft the
In addition to these objects thus
in the double catch plate
revolution of the cam shaft
the catch in the plate k¹ is
on the headstock. When

page_text: upon the face cam as it rotates upon it, as herein-after described, without
allowing the cam shaft to move longitudinally. As the carriage ap-
proaches the termination of its outward run the arm
having an
inclined plane upon the lower side thereof comes into contact with the
end of the catch above described, and releases it from the catch on
the plates above referred to. This liberates the cam shaft a second
time, and under the action of the spring it moves round until the
double-armed cam comes in contact with the lever m³, by raising
which the faller is lowered, as hereiu-before described. This permits the
spring to remove the friction a, a, out of gear by which the carriage
and rollers are moved, and at the same time permits the spring at the
back of the framing to remove the strap a" from the pulley a to the
pulley by which the forward motion of the spindles ceases, also
the cam by its second arm presses the fork lever, and puts the
backing-off cones , d, into contact, and the backing off commences.
When the backing off and the lowering of the faller have so far prò-
gressed that the lever m³ comes opposite its resting on the trail lever m
the cam shaft is thereby again liberated, and under the action of the
spring it moves until it has pushed the lever on to the foresaid
resting on the trail lever m². Besides thus locking the faller it has
released the backing-off friction cones and put in gear the friction
clutch 8, 8, by which the carriage is taken in when the operations
herein-before described are repeated continuously. It is often useful to
prevent the friction clutch 8, 3, going into gear, and to throw it out
during the inward run of the carriage; this I effect by means of the
hook catch », which is placed upon the stud on an arm of the hand
lever on the stud in the framing. When it is wished to prevent the
shaft from moving so that the friction clutch 8, 83, may not be put in
gear, I pull up the hook n by the hand lever and lock it by means of
the click or catch ', and by the same act I pull it out of gear when it
has locked the frictions 8, 8. As the various cams by which the changes
above detailed are accomplished are well known as instruments, and also
as applied to the purposes set forth, it is unnecessary further to describe
them or show their special forms, except with respect to the cam
plate in Figures 7.
Having now stated the nature of my said Invention, and the manner

page_text: Firstly. The arrangement and combination of machinery whereby the
backing off is accomplished by means of the band h*, as arranged and
applied for that purpose, receiving motion from the pulley on the wheel
which gives motion to the cam shaft, or from any pulley wheel or shaft
possessing a similar motion for the same purpose, whether at the back of
the headstock as herein-before shown, or at the front thereof in the
case of what are known as Parr's mules, and imparting motion in a
backward direction to the spindles, as herein-before set forth and
described, without the intervention of wheels from such cam shaft
movement.
Secondly. The method of putting on the two bands and for the
purpose described, and the method of tightening the band a', by which
the space usually occupied by the tightening pullies is economized, and
the method by which the directing pullies and are adjusted, as
described and shown.
Thirdly. The method by which motion is communicated to the rollers
and carriage, as herein-before set forth, by which the carriage is brought
to the termination of its outward run in a very gradual and gentle
manner without the intervention of differential scrolls or stops, and also
the method in which the bands and are adjusted thereto, and also
the adjustment of and the mode of action on the trail lever m of the
pendant lever m³, and the piece by which the faller is caused to
descend and is locked, as described, to harmonize with the differentially
terminating motion of the carriage.
Fourthly. The method berein-before set forth whereby the roller
motion and carriage motion are connected together and released and the
gain of the carriage is regulated, firstly, by occasionally changing the
gain wheel on the delivering roller furnished with face couplings for
easy removal for that purpose, and, secondly, the friction clutch,,,
and likewise the cannon shaft moving concentric therewith and carrying
the gain change wheel, also the methods shown and described of moving
and squaring the carriage by attaching the bands employed for that
purpose, whether led from a squaring shaft or over squaring pullies at
the centre of percussion, or as near that point as possible, and the
compensations used for that purpose, as described.
Fifthly. I claim the piece 5 and the tongue m upon the shaper rail as
and for the purposes set forth and described, and the means by which it
is reculated

page_text: Sixthly. The novel arrangement and combination of machinery con-
nected with and fitted to the radial arm, its chain, screw, and nut
whereby the operations of putting down the faller, stopping the backing
off, varying the winding on at the commencement of a set of cops, and
hardening the point of them at the finish of the same is accomplished,
as herein-before set forth and described; and also the means whereby the
radial arm itself is regulated in position and motion.
Seventhily, The manner herein-before set forth whereby motion is
directly conveyed from the pinion as on the self-acting pulley a¹ to the
cam shaft, backing off and taking the carriage in, as described and
shown; also the form of the scrolls and the manner of putting them
together, and the combination of scrolls and chains whereby the carriage
is taken in, as described and shown.
Lastly. I claim the cam shaft , its mode of operation, and the new
method of locking the fallers thereby, the method also by which it is
geared and released, and by which it becomes the regulator of all the
changes at each end of the stretch, whilst one portion of these changes
is effected by the action of the clutch or its equivalent, and others by
spring or weight, as described and shown.
In witness whercof, I, the said William Robertson, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Fourteenth day of September, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-
nine.
WILLIAM ROBERTSON. (L.S.)