HYDRO-THERMICAL COMPRESSOR TO EXPEL OUT OF CAST STEEL, WHILE BEING LIQUID, AIR OR GAS BUBBLES, AND TO TILT IT AFTER ITS FUSION
Year: 1876

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Ferdinando Tommasi, of Paris, Department of Seine, and
Republic of France, Gentleman, for the Invention of "HYDRO-THERMICAL
COMPRESSOR TO EXPEL OUT OF CAST STEEL, WHILE BEING LIQUID, AIR OR GAS
BUBBLES, AND TO TILT IT AFTER ITS FUSION."
Sealed the 15th December 1876, and dated the 19th June 1876.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Ferdinando Tommasi at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 19th June 1876.
FERDINANDO TOMMASI, of Paris, Department of Seine, and Republic of France,
Gentleman. " HYDRO-THERMICAL COMPRESSOR TO EXPEL OUT OF CAST STEEL;
WHILE BEING LIQUID, AIR OR GAS BUBBLES, AND TO TILT IT AFTER ITS FUSION."
The accompanying Sheet of Drawing shows in vertical section a comprosser
suitable at the same time for forging the steel tube after its fusion, and for the
expulsion of air or gas bubbles therefrom during its liquid state in the mould. For this
latter operation it is only necessary to substitute in lieu of the hammer B the piston
which is to fit into the mould containing the steel in fusion to compress it while it
remains in a liquid state. This mould is composed of several pieces of metal held
in a cylindrical piece also of metal, and so combined with each other that the
bubbles of air or of gas may always find an outlet. The interior of the mould is of
compressed sand according to the usual method. The cylinders C and D, the
india-rubber box of this latter, and the piston A are similar to those described in
the Specification of my Letters Patent for my hydro-thermic motor, and for
improvements therein, excepting that the piston A is simple instead of differential.
According to the position of the lever E there will be made to circulate in the
tubes either steam which in expanding the oil will cause the descent of the hammer
B or cold water which in condensing the oil will cause the return of the hammer
by the aid of the counterweight suspended at the end of the rod F. A. cock,
regulating the entrance of steam (this cock is not shown in the Drawing), permits
the workman to lessen or increase at will the pressure of the hammer or of the
piston, this pressure being indicated to him by the gauge G.
It will be understood that nothing necessitates the use of steam direct from the
.

page_text: boiler; the escape or exhaust steam from another machine may perfectly well be
used to produce the same result. The upper part of the cylinder C and the india-
rubber box contain instead of oil alcohol, or any other liquid incapable of mixing
with oil of a lower density than that of this latter, and the action of which is
perfectly harmless to the metallic parts and india-rubber with which this liquid
comes in contact. The pivots or trunnions H are set in bearings fixed upon two
uprights or pedestals (not shown on the Drawing), which consequently support the
entire weight of the cylinder C, the bottom of which does not reach the base of the
machine, this arrangement being necessary for the passage of the tubes I and K,
and at the same time permitting the cylinder C to be placed in a horizontal position
if by chance it is desirable to remove the copper tubes. In its ordinary state the
lower part of this cylinder C is fixed to the uprights by screws, which prevent its
pivoting during the working.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Ferdinando Tommasi in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 18th 1
December 1876.
FERDINANDO TOMMASI, of Paris, Department of Seine, and Republic of France,
Gentleman. "HYDRO-THERMICAL COMPRESSOR TO EXPEL OUT OF CAST STEEL,
WHILE BEING LIQUID, AIR OR GAS BUBBLES, AND TO TILT IT AFTER ITS FUSION."
The accompanying Sheet of Drawing represents a vertical section and plan view
of a compressor (see Figure 2), which may be set in motion by the aid of one or of
several cylinders, accordingly as it may be preferred to use a single cylinder (see
Figure 3 and 6) or several cylinders at once (see Figures 1, 4, and 5). These
cylinders will always be in communication with the cylinder which contains the
piston A (see Fig. 2). To this piston A is fitted the hammer B or another piston,
accordingly as the piston A is to work as a compressor for steel in fusion, or as a
compressing hammer for forging this steel after its fusion.
The cylinders, in whatever number, are always filled with oil, or with any other
liquid, into which dip a certain quantity of small tubes of copper or any other
suitable metal, all bent over upon each other into the shape of a very elongated Ų,
the two extremities of each tube, each end in one of the two basins or reservoirs
formed upon a bronze or other metal washer (upon which washer all the tubes are
fixed and soldered) by another washer, which fits on to the first in such a manner
that this latter is divided into two compartments perfectly separated the one from
the other.
Upon the compartment intended for the admission of steam or of cold water, as
herein-after explained, are fixed two tubes C and D; upon the other compartment
intended for the exit or escape of the aforesaid steam or cold water there is one
tube only, the tube E (see letters of reference C, D, E, Figs. 1, 3, and 4. In
Figures 1 and 3 the tube D being hidden by the tube C is not drawn).
The result of this arrangement is that by causing steam, or any other source of
heat, to enter the tube C this steam immediately spreads to the extremities of all
the small tubes, and also immediately issues by the tube E after traversing these
small tubes in their entire length. The oil or any other liquid contained in the
cylinders being heated by contact with the metallic tubes in which the steam
circulates expands and drives the piston A out of the cylinder, pushing before it
either the other piston or the compressing hammer, as aforesaid.
When the stroke of the piston is deemed sufficient the steam is replaced by cold
water, which in circulating in the small metallic tubes in the same manner as the
steam has already circulated, abstracts from the oil the heat given to it by the
steam. The oil then condenses, its volume becoming again what it was before the
circulation of the steam, and the piston A re-enters the cylinder, notwithstanding

page_text: its weight and frictions, owing to the double rod F (see Figs. and 7), which
uplifts it by the action of a counterweight, the chain of which passes through a
pulley and hooks on to the ring G (see Figrs. 2 and 7).
The distribution of the steam and of the cold water is effected by the two steam
chests H and I, the valves of which open and close alternately by the aid of a lever
K, which is worked by the mechanic conducting the operation.
If from any cause the tension of the dilated oil should exceed the limits fixed
beforehand the small piston L would be raised (the weight of the counterweight M
being calculated for this purpose), and the admission of the steam which takes
place by the cock N would be lessened or even entirely stopped, accordingly as the
small piston L is more or less uplifted by the excess of pressure aforesaid (see Figs.
1, 3, 5, and 6).
As will be readily understood this last arrangement permits the piston A to
exert an unvarying pressure for as long a time as may be desired, and that by a
perfectly automatic means, for directly the pressure would lessen the small piston L
would be compelled to lower, and consequently determine or increase the admission
of the steam from whence the expansion, and consequently the tension of the oil or
any other liquid used for this purpose.
Having now described and ascertained the nature of my said Invention, and
in what manner the same is or may be performed, what I claim as secured to me
by the herein-before in part recited Letters Patent is,--
1°. The application of the alternate and successive expansion and condensation
of a liquid produced by turns by a source of heat and a source of cold circulating
in small metallic tubes dipping in this liquid, substantially as herein-before
described.
2°. The application of this same expansion as an automatic regulating agent,
regulating the admission of the steam which is to produce the expansion of the
liquid, and consequently the working of the machine, the parts of which are by the
effect of these arrangements preserved from danger of any rupture, which would
be the necessary consequence of an expansion exceeding the limits fixed beforehand
by the constructor as in ratio with the calculated resistance of the parts of the
machine, substantially as herein-before described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Ferdinando Tommasi, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Sixteenth day of December, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and seventy-six.
Witnesses,
G. ROMBI,
G. B. GERARD,
83bis, Rue Layfayette.
FERDINANDO TOMMASI. (LS.)