IMPROVED CRUSHING, GRINDING, PULVERIZING, MIXING, AND SEPARATING MACHINERY."
Year: 1880

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Richard Cook, of Sheffield, in the County of York, for
an Invention of " IMPROVED CRUSHING, GRINDING, PULVERIZING, MIXING,
AND SEPARATING MACHINERY."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Richard Cook at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 18th October 1880.
RICHARD COOK, of Sheffield, in the County of York. "IMPROVED CRUSHING,
GRINDING, PULVERIZING, MIXING, AND SEPARATING MACHINERY."
My Invention relates to machinery of that class in which the crushing, grinding,
or pulverizing effect is obtained by the rotation and centrifugal action of balls or
rollers within a cylindrical casing, and is designed to render the machine described
in the Specification of Letters Patent granted to Charles Lucop, the 20th April,
A.D. 1875, No. 1429, more efficient in operation than it has hitherto been, and to
make it capable of performing functions which it has not hitherto been capable of
effecting..
This improved machinery is designed for grinding corn or other grain, crushing
and grinding minerals such as coal, stone, and metallic ores, and for crushing,
grinding, pulverizing, mixing together, and otherwise similarly treating various
other substances, also for use as an amalgamator in mining operations.
The present Invention comprises various improvements hereinafter mentioned,
whereby the efficiency of this class of machinery is increased to a very considerable
extent.
One important feature of my said Invention consists in providing a ring of steel
or other hard and durable material, which is placed within the case in such a
position that it forms a circle, within which the balls rotate, and the materials
treated are crushed, ground, or pulverized between the balls and the inner face of
the said ring. The latter fits between the two halves of the casing, and when these
halves are bolted together the ring is securely held by a wrought iron hoop
encircling the outer periphery of the ring. The ring is made in several parts or

page_text: segments, which, when placed in position, fit accurately together and form a
complete annulus. The latter is so placed between the two halves of the case that
it may be adjusted higher or lower by means of set screws, whose inner ends rest
upon the outer periphery of the ring, and whose outer ends are outside the case
where they may be manipulated in a convenient manner. The object of making
the ring movable is to provide means for readily adjusting the same to suit
different materials to be treated, or to cause the materials to be reduced to a
greater or less degree of fineness, as may be desired, also to provide for com-
pensating for the wear of the ring and rollers. By turning the set-screws in one
direction the ring is caused to ascend and thus to become adjusted nearer to the
path of the balls or rollers at the lower or grinding part of the case, and by turning
the set screws in the opposite direction the ring is caused to descend, and is con-
sequently proportionally removed from the path of the balls or rollers at the same
part of the case. The set-screws may be arranged in any convenient position, but
I prefer to place one on each side towards the lower part of the case and one on each
side towards the upper part thereof. The two halves of the casing are secured
together by a number of bolts and nuts, and two of the bolts on each side are made
with a flattened central part, which extends from the flange of one half to the
flange of the other half of the case, the screw threaded portion to enter the holes in
the Hanges extending from each side of this flattened part. The flattened part of
each of the four bolts so made has a tapped hole in its centre, through which one of
the said set screws passes. The object of making the ring in sections is that when
the lower part thereof, which is subject to the greatest amount of friction, has been
worn away to a certain extent, it may be moved to the upper part of the case, the
part of the ring previously occupying the said upper part being moved to the lower
part. This may be repeated any number of times as long as the ring remains of
sufficient thickness, therefore a ring made and applied in this manner is practically
indestructible, and will consequently last for as long a time as the machine is likely
to endure unless destroyed by accident. A further object of making the ring in
parts is that should one of the latter be broken by accident or otherwise injured a
new segment may be fitted, thus avoiding the necessity for providing a completely
new ring. In some cases there may be a recess in the casing to receive the
ring.
Another feature of the present Invention consists in providing improved menns for
attaching the balls or rollers to the driving shaft by means of a driver or propeller
of improved construction, which I will now proceed to describe.
This driver or propeller I prefer to construct in separate parts or castings, which
are so made that they can be put together and taken apart with the greatest facility,
so that should one of such parts become broken or otherwise rendered unfit for use,
it can be readily replaced by another, thus avoiding the necessity for an entirely
new driver or propeller. I also provide a central piece designed to fit upon the
driving shaft, and in such a position that it is between the two balls or rollers, one
of which is upon one side of the shaft and the other upon the other side thereof.
This central piece has a flange on each side and an internal piece, which extends
beyond the flanges at each end thereof, and these flanges are provided with holes to
receive bolts, by means of which I attach to this central piece two plates or arms,
hereinafter described, which carry the rollers or balls and together forin the
driver or propeller. The said flanges are curved inward on the two sides thereof
which are next to the balls, so that the latter may have free play as far as is
necessary toward the shaft.
Each of the aforesaid plates or arms which together form the driver or propeller
for the balls is made as follows, that is to say-Its central portion is flat, and it is
wider at this central part than at its two extremities. At each end there is a projecting
piece which partially covers and so aids in protecting the ball or roller, and in each
.of these projecting pieces I provide a slot which serves as a bearing for the trunnion
or spindle end projecting from the ball or roller, these slots being made of the

page_text: desired length to provide for the centrifugal action of the roller. The flat central
part of each of the carrying plates or arms forming the driver is provided with bolt
holes, which are so arranged as to coincide with those provided in the aforesaid
central piece to which the carrying plates or arins are to be attached. Two of the
latter are employed, one being bolted to one side of the central piece and one to the
other side of this piece, so that the two balls or rollers fit between the extremities of
these carrying plates or arms with a capability of rotating therein and moving
inward and outward radially to provide for the desired centrifugal action. The
ends of the carrying plates or arms are each furnished with a curved blade or fan,
which agitates the material and assists in distributing and mixing the same, so that
it is prevented from collecting in such a manner as not to be operated upon by the
balls or rollers. It also assists in creating a draught, thereby aiding in cooling the
material being treated, and forces the reduced material against the side sieves,
through which the portion which has been pulverized sufficiently escapes into a
chute or delivery spout and thence to a suitable receptacle. These blades or fans
render unnecessary the employment of brushes as heretofore used, and the draught
created by the rotation of these blades keeps the meshes of the sieves from being
clogged. The two carrying plates or arms, also the central piece to which they are
boltod, are provided with a central aperture through which the driving shaft
passes, and they are secured tightly upon the latter by means of keys. The sieves
at the sides of the machine are so arranged that they can be adjusted nearer to or
farther from the blade or fan to suit the material being treated.
A further improvement consists in making the balls or rollers with an aperture
completely through their centre, and making the spindle which passes through the
same stationary in the ends of the propeller, whatever may be the kind of propeller
employed. In this case the aperture through the balls will be of proportionally
larger diameter than the diameter of the stationary spindle, to allow the desired
centrifugal movement of the balls, and I find in practice that the relative proportions
should be as one to two, that is to say, the diameter of the spindle should be one
half that of the aperture in the ball; the relative proportions may however be
varied if desired.
A further improvement consists in providing fans or stirrers of novel construction,
which are carried by the aforesaid central piece carrying the driver or propeller,
and are arranged in such a position, that the said fans or stirrers project radially at
right angles to the axis of the driving shaft, and are situated about midway
between the two balls or rollers, one of these fans being on one side of the driving
shaft, and one on the opposite side thereof. Therefore in the rotation of the said
shaft each fan or stirrer follows one ball and precedes the other. These fans or
stirrers are designed to create a strong current of air to cool the material, also to
act as stirrers or mixers, constantly agitating the said material in their rotation.
The said fans are made of metal and are slightly scoop-shaped, there being a
concavity on their front face. Part of the metal therein is cut away longitudi-
nally in taper form, thus leaving correspondingly shaped apertures completely
through the plate forming the fan, these apertures being comparatively wide at the
free end thereof, and gradually tapering towards the centre of the machine. These
apertures are provided to facilitate the bending of the metal to the required shape.
Each fan has at one end a narrow portion provided with a hole, through which a
bolt passes for securing the fan to the aforesaid central piece. Two of such fans
will ordinarily be used with each pair of balls or rollers. In some cases I provide a
stirrer having two arms extending on two opposite sides, all being made in one
piece to fit upon the shaft between the balls.
For pulverizing materials combined with water or other liquid, I modify the
machinery as follows, that is to say:-1 prefer to employ three balls or rollers,
secured between two discs upon the driving shaft, the said balls being arranged to
rotate, and to have a radial movement as herein before described. An opening is
provided on one side of the casing, and communicates with the centre portion

page_text: thereof, and a hopper is connected with this opening, in such a manner that the
material to be pulverized, and the liquid passing through the hopper reach the
interior of the case, and at once become subjected to the action of the rotating balls
or rollers, which when the material is sufficiently reduced, cause the latter to fly
upward at a great velocity with the water into an upper chamber, one side of
which is furnished with openings placed one above the other, and designed to
receive a curved pipe or spout, which is made detachable, so that it may be put
in connection with either of the said openings. It is designed that all the
openings except one shall be stopped or closed by means of suitable removable
stoppers, and the curved pipe or spout is secured to the opening which is to be left
uncovered. By these means the height of the discharging spout can be varied to
suit the densities of various materials. The pulverized material and the water are,
as hereinbefore stated, thrown violently into this upper chamber, and they escape
through the said spout, the pulverized material being afterwards separated from
the water by precipitation. To render this machine applicable for reducing such
materials as brass ashes, the metal of which will accumulate in the casing, and for
minerals such as gold quartz, lead, or the like, also when the said machine is used
as an amalgamator I provide an aperture or door at the bottom, or on one side of
In some
the case through which any accumulated material may be removed.
cases the material and liquid may be fed centrally at the upper portion of the
machine and discharged through pipes at each side of the case.
In adapting the said Invention to serve as an amalgamator for mining operations
I remove the balls or rollers and replace the same with spirally arranged fans or
blades for agitating the water; I also remove the ring and place mercury in that
part of the recess or channel previously occupied by a portion of the said ring at
the lower part of the case, or the mercury may be placed in any other suitable
position. This adaptation is very easily effected, so that one and the same machine
may by means of the slight alterations above indicated be employed as a pulverizer
or an amalgamator. Mercury may also be placed in pockets or depressions in the
spout.
Another part of my present Invention relates to a machine constructed specially
for reducing and pulverizing coal, but also applicable for grinding corn, and for any
similar operation. This machine is chiefly designed for use in reducing large
quantities of material, and is constructed as follows, that is to say:-1 provide a
strong cylindrical casing, at one end of which there is an upright tube or shaft
designed to receive the material, and to convey it to the interior of the casing. The
driving shaft passes through this casing and is supported in suitable bearings. The
drivers or arms carrying the rollers are curved in such a manner that the roller on
one side of the shaft revolves in a different vertical plane to that in which the other
roller revolves, that is to say, the path of one roller is in advance of that of
the other roller. Propeller blades or fans are placed between the arms of the
driver to move and agitate the material, and to create a draught. There is also a
similar propeller or fan with two blades or arms securely fastened to the driving
shaft between the balls and the feeding end of the case; this propeller moves the
material as it enters the case towards the said rollers. This machine may be inade
with only one set of rollers or balls, but it is designed to be furnished with two or
more sets thereof, arranged at intervals along the driving shaft, and placed to rotate
in the same manner as above described. Upon the driving shaft and between each
set of balls or rollers, I provide two double bladed propellers or fans, the first one of
which catches the material as it comes from the rollers next to it and drives the
said material towards the next propeller, which in its turn directs the material to
the set of balls which is in advance thereof, and by these means the material has a
constant progressive motion imparted to it from the feeding end of the machine
towards the delivery end thereof, and is finally caused to pass out at the said
delivery end by means of another double bladed propeller or fan fixed on the
driving shaft close to this end of the machine. This end may be provided with a

page_text: sieve if desired. The material reaches this propeller perfectly reduced, and is
discharged into a chute or pipe, whence it passes into any suitable receptacle placed
beneath the same. The aforesaid propellers or fans secured to the driving shaft
create powerful currents of air which cool the pulverized or ground substances,
which are thus delivered free from heat. This machine may be provided with the
steel or other hard rings hereinbefore described.
The driving shaft of these machines is supported in suitable bearings outside the
case, and is provided with pulleys, whereby it may be driven by any desired
motor. I arrange the said driving shaft nearer to the lower portion of the case
than to the upper portion thereof, as in the machine described in the said former
Specification, so that the material is at the upper part of the machine crushed or
bruised, and at the lower part thereof is pulverized or ground, for the reason that
there is a greater distance between the balls and the ring at the upper part than
at the lower part.
I prefer to cast the balls or rollers in chills, and when they are to have a
spindle attached to them, the holo for the latter may be bored out, or the balls
may be cast upon the spindles.

page_text: screen in one side of the machine, a similar sieve or screen being placed on the
opposite side of the machine, but not shewn in the Drawings.
One important feature of my said Invention consists in providing the ring E of
steel or other hard and durable material which is placed within the case A in such
a position, that it forms a circle within which the rollers or balls G rotate; the
materials to be treated are crushed, ground, or pulverized between the said rollers
or balls, and the inner face of the said ring. The latter fits between the two halves
of the casing A, as shewn, these halves being bolted together by means of the
bolts a and their nuts; the ring E is securely held in position by the wrought iron
hoop F encircling the outer periphery of the same. I prefer to make the said ring
in several parts or segments (preferably four), which when placed in position fit
accurately together and form a complete annulus; this ring E is so placed between
the two halves of the case A that it may be raised or lowered by means of set
screws b, whose inner ends rest upon the outer periphery of the hoop F, and whose
outer ends are outside the case A, where they may be manipulated in a convenient
manner.
The object of making the ring E movable is to provide means for readily
adjusting the same to suit different materials to be treated, or to cause such
materials to be reduced to a greater or less degree of fineness as may be desired,
also to provide for compensating for the wear of the ring E and rollers G. By
turning the set screws bin one direction the ring E is caused to ascend, and thus
to approach nearer to the path of the rollers G at the lower or grinding part of the
case A, and by turning the set screws b in the opposite direction, the ring E is
allowed to descend, and is consequently proportionally removed from the path of
the rollers G at the same part of the case A. The set screws b may be arranged in
any convenient position, but I prefer to place one on each side towards the lower
part of the case A, and one on each side towards the upper part thereof, as shewn
in the Drawings, and I provide two of the bolts a on each side of the case A with
a flattened central part a*, which extends from the flange of one half of the case A
to the flange of the other half thereof, the screw-threaded portion which is designed
to enter the holes in the flanges of the said case, extending from each end of this
flattened part a*; the said part a* of each of the four bolts so made has a tapped
hole in its centre (see Figure 2), through which one of the set screws b passes.
The object of making the ring E in sections is that when the lower parts thereof,
which are subject to the greatest amount of friction, have been worn away to a
certain extent they may be moved to the upper part of the case A the parts of the
ring previously occupying the said upper part being then moved to the lower part,
where they will be subjected to more friction; the wear upon the said ring may
thus be equalized. This may be repeated any number of times as long as the
ring E remains of sufficient thickness, therefore a ring made and applied in this
manner is practically indestructible, and will consequently last for as long a time
as the machine itself unless destroyed by accident. A further object of making
the ring E in parts or segments is that, should one of the latter be broken by
accident or otherwise injured, a new segment may be inserted, thus avoiding the
necessity for providing a completely new ring. When it is desired to adjust the
ring E to a higher or lower position in the case the nuts of the bolts a are some-
what slackened, and the set screws b are then operated in the desired direction.
The hoop F keeps the separate segments together. In some cases 1 may make the
ring E in one piece and dispense with the hoop F.
Another feature of the present Invention consists in providing improved means
for attaching the balls or rollers G to the driving shaft D by means of a driver or
propeller of improved construction, which I will now proceed to describe. This
driver or propeller I prefer to construct in separate parts or castings H, one of
which is shewn detached in Figures 6, 7, and 8; these parts are so made that they
can be put together and taken apart with the greatest facility, so that should one
of such parts become broken or otherwise rendered unfit for use it may be readily
replaced by another, thus avoiding the necessity for an entirely new driver or

page_text: propeller. I also provide a central piece L (see Figures 3, 4, and 5), designed to
fit upon the driving shaft D in such a position that it is between the two rollers G,
one of which is upon one side of the shaft and the other upon the other side
thereof. This central piece L has a flange L' on each side, and a central part L³
which extends beyond the flanges at each end thereof, and is provided with
holes L³ the flanges L' are also provided with holes L to receive bolts by means
of of which I attach to this central piece L the two plates or arms H, which carry
the rollers G, and together form the driver or propeller for the same, as above
described. The said flanges L' are curved inward, as shewn, on the two sides
thereof which are next to the rollers, so that the latter may have free play as far
as is necessary toward the shaft D. Each of the aforesaid plates or arms His
made as follows, that is to say-Its central portion is flat, and it is wider at this
central portion than at its two extremities, as shewn in Figure 6; at each end of
the said arm there is a projecting piece, blade, or fan J, which partially covers and
so aids in protecting the rollers G, and in each of these projecting pieces J I provide
a slot H2, which serves as a bearing for the trunnion or spindle end G' projecting
from the roller G; these slots H2 are made of the desired length to provide for the
centrifugal action of the rollers. The flat central part of each of the carrying plates
or arms H of the driver is provided with bolt holes H, which are so arranged as
to coincide with those provided in the central piece L, to which the said carrying
plates or arms are to be attached; two of the latter are employed, as above
described, one being bolted to one side of the central piece L and one to the other
side of this piece, so that the two balls or rollers G fit between the extremities of
these carrying plates or arms, with a capability of rotating therein and moving
inward and outward radially to provide for the desired centrifugal action. Each
end of the arms H is furnished with the curved blade or fan J, as above described;
these blades agitate the material and assist in distributing and mixing the same.
They also assist in creating a draught, thereby aiding in cooling the material being
treated; but their chief object is to force the reduced material against the side
sieves or screens K, through which the portion of such material which has been
pulverised sufficiently escapes into a chute or delivery spout A*, and thence to a
suitable receptacle. These blades or fans J render unnecessary the employment
of brushes as heretofore used, and the draught created by the rotation of the said
blades prevents the meshes of the sieves from becoming clogged. The two carrying
plates or arms H, and also the central piece L to which they are bolted, are pro-
vided with a central aperture through which the driving shaft D passes, and they
are secured tightly upon the latter by means of keys. The sieves or screens K at
the sides of the machine are so arranged that they can be adjusted nearer to or
farther from the blades or fans J to suit the material being treated. By removing
the screens K, and arranging the outlet opening at the upper part of the case A,
the said machine may be used for wet grinding or pulverizing.
In Figure 12, I have shewn the balls or rollers G provided with an aperture G³
completely through their centre, and the spindle G¹ which passes through the
same stationary, or fixed in the ends of the arms H of the driver or propeller. In
this case the aperture G2 through the balls will be of proportionally larger
diameter than the diameter of the stationary spindle to allow the desired centrifugal
movement of the rollers G. I find in practice that the relative proportions should be
as one to two, that is to say, the diameter of the spindle G¹ should be one half that
of the aperture C in the roller; the relative proportions may however be varied if
desired.
A further improvement consists in providing fans or stirrers I, I, of novel
construction, one of which is shewn detached in Figures 9, 10, 11. Two of such
fans are carried by the central piece L, as shewn in Figure 2, and are arranged in
such a position that the said fans or stirrers I project radially at right angles to the
axis of the driving shaft D, and are situated about midway between the two
rollers G, one of these fans being on one side of the driving-shaft D, and one on the
opposite side thereof. Therefore in the rotation of the said shaft, each fan or

page_text: stirrer I follows one roller and precedes the other. These fans or stirrers I are
designed to create a strong current of air to cool the material, being pulverized and
also to act as stirrers or mixers for constantly agitating the said material in their
rotation. They are made of metal and are slightly scoop-shaped as shewn, there
being a concavity on their front face. Part of the metal therein is cut away
longitudinally as shewn, to facilitate the bending of the metal to the required
shape. Each fan I has at one end a narrow portion provided with a hole 1',
through which a bolt passes for securing the fan to the part L³ of the central
piece L, the bolts passing through the holes L³. Two of such fans will ordinarily be
used with each pair of rollers as above stated. In some cases I provide a stirrer
having two arms extending on two opposite sides of the shaft, and made in one
piece to fit upon the said shaft D between the rollers G.
For pulverizing materials combined with water or other liquid, I modify the
machinery as shewn in Figures 13 and 14. In this machine I prefer to employ
three balls or rollers, secured between two discs, upon the driving shaft the said
rollers being arranged to rotate and to have a radial movement as herein before
described. An opening M is provided on one side of the casing A, and communicates
with the central portion thereof as shown. This opening extends upward in an
inclined direction and communicates with a pipe or chute M¹ connected with a
hopper M. The material to be pulverized and the liquid pass through this hopper
into the pipe Al' and opening M, whence they reach the interior of the case A, and
at once become subjected to the action of the rotating rollers G, which, when the
material is sufficiently reduced, cause the latter to pass upward at a great velocity
with the water into an upper chamber N, one side of which is furnished with
openings N¹ placed one above the other as shewn, and designed to receive a pipe or
spout N, which is made detachable so that it may be put in connection with either
of the said openings N¹. It is designed that all these openings except one shall be
stopped or closed by means of suitable removable stoppers N*, and the curved pipe
or spout N is secured to the opening which is to be left uncovered. By these means
the height of the said discharging spout N2 may be varied to suit the densities of
various materials. The pulverized material and the water are, as hereinbefore
stated, thrown violently into this upper chamber N, and they escape through the
spout N, the pulverized material being afterwards separated from the water
by precipitation. To render this machine applicable for reducing such materials as
brass ashes, the metal of which accumulates in the casing, and minerals such as
gold quartz, lead, or the like, I provide an aperture or door at the bottom or on one
side of the case A, through which aperture or door any accumulated material may
be removed. In some cases the material and liquid may be fed centrally at the
upper portion of the machine and discharged through pipes at each side of the
case A.
In adapting the said Invention to serve as an amalgamator for mining operations,
I remove the balls or rollers G, and replace the same with spirally arranged or
other suitable fans or blades or paddles for agitating the water; also remove the
ring E, see Figure 15, and place mercury in a suitable position at the lower part
of the case. This adaptation is very easily effected, so that one and the same
machine may, by means of the slight alterations above indicated, be employed as a
pulverizer or as an amalgamator. Mercury may also be placed in pockets or
depressions in the spout N₁, or in other suitable parts, and I provide a door at the
lower part of the case for the removal of heavy or large pieces of the mineral.
Another part of my present Invention relates to a machine constructed specially
for reducing and pulverizing coal, but also applicable for grinding corn, and for any
similar operation, which machine is illustrated in Figures 16 and 17. This machine
is chiefly designed for use in reducing large quantities of material, and is con-
structed as follows, that is to say I provide a strong cylindrical casing A, at one
end of which there is an upright tube or shaft O, designed to receive the coal or
other material, and to convey it to the interior of the case A. The driving shaft D
passes through this case, and is supported in bearings D*, D*, outside the case; the

page_text: drivers or arms H carrying the rollers G are curved in the manner shewn so that
the roller on one side of the shaft D revolves in a different vertical plane to that in
which the other roller revolves, that is to say, the path of one roller is in advance
of that of the other roller. Blades or fans I are placed between the arms H of the
driver to move and agitate the material, and to create a draught; there is also a
similar fan P securely fixed to the driving shaft D between the rollers and the
feeding end of the case A; this fan moves the material (as it enters the case)
towards the said rollers. This machine may be made with only one set of rollers or
balls G, but it is designed to be furnished with two sets thereof, as shewn, or three
or more sets may be used, placed at intervals along the driving shaft D. and
arranged to rotate in the same manner as above described. Upon the driving
shaft D, and between each set of balls or rollers, I provide two double bladed fans P',
the first one of which catches the material as it comes from the rollers next to it,
and drives the said material towards the next fan, which, in its turn, directs the
material to the set of balls or rollers G which is in advance thereof, and by these
means the material has a constant progressive motion imparted to it from the
feeding end of the machine towards the delivery end thereof, and is finally caused
to pass out at the said delivery end by means of another double bladed fan P³ fixed
on the driving shaft D close to this end of the machine, which end may be provided
with a sieve or screen if desired. The material reaches this fan P perfectly
reduced, and is discharged into a chute or pipe Q, whence it passes into any suitable
receptacle placed beneath the same. The aforesaid fans P, P1, P2, secured to the
driving shaft D create powerful currents of air, thus cooling the pulverized or ground
substances, which are thus delivered free from heat, this being of very great
advantage. This machine may be provided with the steel or other hard rings
herein before described. A fly wheel R is provided at one end of the driving
shaft D, and a pulley S at the other end thereof, to be driven by any suitable
motor.
In all the machines constructed according to my Invention, I arrange the driving
shaft D nearer to the lower portion of the case A than to the upper portion thereof,
so that the material is, at the upper part of the machine, crushed or bruised, and
at the lower part thereof pulverized or ground, there being a greater distance
between the rollers and the ring at the upper part than at the lower part.
I prefer to cast the balls or rollers G in chills, and when they are to have a
spindle rigidly attached to them, the hole for the latter may be bored out or the
balls may be cast upon the spindles.
Having thus fully described my said Invention, and the manner of performing
the same, I wish it understood that I claim,―
First. The steel or other hard metal ring made either in separate segments, or in
one piece, and either adjustable or unadjustable in the case, the said ring when
made in segments being surrounded by a metal hoop, all as above set forth and for
the purposes specified.
Second. The driver or propeller consisting of the two plates or arms, between
whose ends the rollers or balls are placed, and by which the latter are carried around,
in combination with the central piece to which the said plates or arms are secured
in such a manner that they may be readily detached therefrom, all substantially as
above set forth and for the purposes specified.
Third. The curved blades or faus arranged upon the driving arms in such a
manner that they agitate the pulverized material, and project the same against the
sieves, and also create a current of air for cooling the said material, substantially
as above described.
Fourth. The stirrers or fans, constructed and arranged substantially as shewn in
Figures 9 to 11 of the Drawings, for agitating the material and creating a powerful
current of air for cooling the same, as herein set forth.
Fifth. In a machine for pulverizing or crushing ores or similar substances in
the presence of water or other liquid by means of rotating rollers or balls, the upper
chamber provided with a number of apertures one above another, in combination

page_text: with a spout or curved pipe, and with stoppers for the apertures required to be
closed, substantially as above set forth.
Sixth. Providing the arms or carriers with spindles carrying inclined blades
instead of the rollers or balls, to adapt a pulverizing machine of the class above
described, when supplied with mercury to be used as an amalgamator for mining
purposes, as above set forth.
Seventh. The curved drivers or carriers H, shewn in Figure 16, so arranged upon
the driving shaft that the two rollers of each set are caused to rotate in different
vertical planes, as above set forth and for the purpose specified.
Eighth. The fans or blades P, P1, P2, shewn in Figures 15 and 16, for cooling the
material being ground or pulverized, and for moving it forward and out of the
machine, as above described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Richard Cook, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this Thirteenth day of April, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and eighty one.
RICHARD COOK. (L.S.)