IMPROVED MEANS OR METHOD OF CLARIFYING SEWAGE AND IMPURE WATERS FROM DYE WORKS, BLEACH WORKS, TANNERIES, MILLS, AND MANUFACTORIES, AND RENDERING. THE PRECIPITATE OR 'SLUDGE' COMBUSTIBLE AND USEFUL AS FUEL
Year: 1874

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Rupert Goodall, of Armley, Leeds, in the County.
'
of York, Machinery Agent, for the Invention of "IMPROVED MEANS
OR METHOD OF CLARIFYING SEWAGE AND IMPURE WATERS FROM DYE WORKS,
BLEACH WORKS, TANNERIES, MILLS, AND MANUFACTORIES, AND RENDERING.
THE PRECIPITATE OR 'SLUDGE' COMBUSTIBLE AND USEFUL AS FUEL”
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Rupert Goodall at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
23rd May 1874.
I, RUPERT GOODALL, of Armley, Leeds, in the County of York,
Machinery Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVED MEANS OR METHOD OF CLARYFYING SEWAGE AND IMPURE WATERS
FROM DYE WORKS, BLEACH WORKS, TANNERIES, MILLS, AND MANUFACTORIES, AND
RENDERING THE PRECIPITATE OR 'SLUDGE' COMBUSTIBLE AND USEFUL AS FUEL,"
to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object the clarifying sewage and impure
waters and rendering the precipitate combustible, which I effect as
follows: I use about one quart of sesqui-per-sulphate of iron, or it may

page_text: be one pint thereof and one pint of nitrate of iron mixed; the sesqui-per-
sulphate of iron or the compound of the same and nitrate of iron arc to
be applied to one thousand gallons of impure water and the whole then
agitated, and afterwards precipitation takes place.
In some cases I employ one quart of nitrate of iron or one quart of
saturated solution of nitrate of lead or acetate of lead or other salts of
lead, one quart per thousand gallons of sewage or of impure water; or in
lieu of these I use one pint of a saturated solution of ferrocyanide of
potassium and one pint of cither sesqui-per-sulphate of iron or of nitrate
of iron mixed and applied to each one thousand gallons of sewage or
impure water.
When treating the sewage or impure waters by mortars I proceed as
follows: To one to two parts of gas lime (or waste lime from gas
purifying operations) previously prepared by exposure to the atmosphere
I add one to two parts of newly slacked lime and two to four parts of
animal carbon (the waste from the manufacture of prussiate of potash),
adding sufficient water to make these into mortar by grinding the whole
together. Of such mortar I apply about twenty-seven pounds weight
to each one thousand gallons of sewage or impure water, agitating
the whole until the impurities are separated, whereon I add one pint
of sesqui-per-sulphate of iron or one pint of nitrate of iron, or about
twenty pounds weight of the following compound, that is to say, ten
parts animal carbon, three or four parts of brown oil of vitrol, or three
or four parts of nitro-sulphuric acid (the waste from aniline dye manu-
factures), and again agitate the whole, whereon through separation,
precipitation, and decolourisation takes place.
When the precipitate is to be treated so as to render the same
available as fuel I employ a mortar composed of about two parts of
slacked lime or of gas lime, or these limes mixed, four to six parts of
coal or waste small coal known as "smudge;" to each one thousand
gallons of sewage or impure water I apply about thirty pounds weight
of such mortar, stirring the whole as before, adding any one of the pre-
cipitants, and in proportions as stated above, agitating again to produce
precipitation.
.
The mortars referred to may consist of a mixture of gas lime and
slacked lime in equal or other proportions, otherwise of gas lime and
animal carbon in equal or other proportions, or slacked lime and animal
carbon may be employed in equal or other proportions.

page_text: The salts of iron, lead, or potash I sometimes use separately with one
or other of the mortars. At other times the iron, lead, and potash may
be used in conjunction with cach other leaving out the mortar.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Rupert Goodall in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 23rd November 1874.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, RUPERT
GOODALL, of Armley, near Leeds, in the County of York, Machinery
Agont, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-third day of May, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-four, in tho
thirty-seventh year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and suc-
cessors, give and grant unto me, the said Rupert Goodall, Her special
licence that I, the said Rupert Goodall, my executors, administrators,
and assigns, or such others as I, the said Rupert Goodall, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no
others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the tèrm
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, usc, exercise,
and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland,
the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVED
MEANS OR METHOD OF CLARIFYING SEWAGE AND IMPURE WATERS FROM DYE
WORKS, BLEACH WORKS, TANNERIES, MILLS, AND MANUFACTURIES, AND RENDERING
THE PRECIPITATE OR SLUDGE COMBUSTIBLE AND USEFUL AS FUEL," upon the
condition (amongst others) that I, the said Rupert Goodall, my executors
or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or
one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was
to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal
Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after
the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Rupert Goodall, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement, that is to
say :-

page_text: This Invention has for its object the clarifying sewage and impure
waters and rendering the precipitate combustible, which I effect as
follows: I use about one quart of sesqui-per-sulphate of iron, or it may.
be one pint thereof and one pint of nitrate of iron mixed. This sesqui-
per-sulphate of iron or the compound of the same and nitrate of iron
are to be applied to one thousand gallons of impure water and the
whole then agitated, and afterwards precipitation takes place.
In some cases I employ one quart of nitrate of iron or one quart of
saturated solution of nitrate of lead or acetate of lead or other salts of
lead, one quart to cach thousand gallons of sewage or of impure water, or
in lieu of these I use one pint of a saturated solution of ferrocyanide of
potassium and one pint of either sesqui-per-sulphate of iron or of nitrate
of iron mixed and applied to each thousand gallons of sewage or impure
water.
When treating the sewage or impure waters by mortars I proceed as
follows: To from one to two parts of gas lime (or waste lime from gas
purifying operations) previously prepared by exposure to the atmosphere
I add from one to two parts of newly slacked lime, and from two to four
parts of animal carbon (the waste from the manufacture of prussiate of
potash), adding sufficient water to make these into a mortar by grinding
the whole together. Of such mortar I apply about twenty-seven pounds
weight to each thousand gallons of sewage or impure water, agitating the
whole until the impurities are separated, whereon I add one pint of sesqui-
per-sulphate of iron or one pint of nitrate of iron, or about twenty pounds
weight of the following compound, that is to say, ten parts of animal
carbon, three or four parts of brown oil of vitrol, or three or four parts
of nitro-sulphuric acid (the waste from aniline dye manufactures being
the cheapest) and again agitate the whole, whereon thorough separation
precipitation and decolourisation takes place.
When the precipitate is to be treated so as to render the same available
as fuel, I employ a mortar composed of about two parts of slaked limo
or of gas lime, or these limes mixed, four to six parts of coal or waste
small coal known as "smudge;" to each thousand gallons of sewage or
impure water I apply about thirty pounds weight of such mortar,
stirring the whole as before, adding any one of the precipitants and in
proportions, as stated above, agitating again to produce precipitation.
The mortars referred to may consist of a mixture of gas lime and
slaked lime in equal or other proportions, otherwise of gas lime and

page_text: animal carbon in equal or other proportions, or slaked lime and animal
carbon may be employed in equal or other proportions.
The salts of iron, lead, or potash I sometimes use separately with one
or other of the mortars. At other times the salts of iron, lead, and
potash before mentioned may be used in conjunction with each other,
leaving out the mortars.
As is well known the salts of lead above mentioned are poisonous, but
in my process the salts become decomposed and the metal precipitated
in the form of oxide, and no trace thereof remains in the effluent water.
I may also state that I only find it advisable to use the salts of lead in
cases where tan water preponderates, although they may be used in
other cases without injurious effect, as above stated.
Having thus described the nature of my said Invention, I would have
it understood that I do not claim the employment of the whole of the
ingredients above mentioned, nor do I confine myself to the exact pro-
portions stated, but what I do claim is,--.
Firstly. The use of nitro-sulphuric acid, the salts of lead, sesqui-per-
sulphate of iron and nitrate of iron, either separately or in conjunction.
with cach other.
Secondly. The combination of coal or "smudge" with the different
kinds of lime described, whereby the precipitate is rendered combustible.
Thirdly. The combination of nitro-sulphuric acid and animal carbon
or brown oil of vitrol and animal carbon, as herein set forth.
In witness whereof, I, the said Rupert Goodall, have hereunto set
my hand and scal, this Thirteenth day of November, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-four.
Witness,
J. W. TASKER,
Patent Agent,
Halifax & Bradford.
RUPERT GOODALL. (L.S.)