matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR CLEARING YARN AND OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS."
Year: 1880

page_text: "
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Isaac Holt at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 26th November 1880.
ISAAC HOLT, of Bolton, in the County of Lancaster, Cotton Doubler.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR CLEARING YARN AND OTHER FIBROUS
MATERIALS."
My Invention has reference to improvements in yarn clearers, such as are used
in that class of machinery known as pirn, bobbin, and cop winding machines, and
consists in the peculiar form of the clearers and the means by which the same are
adjusted for the yarn or thread to pass through according to the particular counts
or quality of the yarn or thread to be cleared.
To the clearer rail of an ordinary winding frame I fix a metallic plate or plates
provided with vertical slots or openings for the yarn or thread to pass through.
Upon each side of the vertical slots or openings I fix a metallic plate or slide or
clearer holder provided on the edge (next the slot or opening in the clearer rail
plate or plates) with a serrated plate or clearer made of steel or other metallic
materials. The serrated points project beyond the front of the clearer holder, and
are bent slightly towards the centre of the vertical slot in the metallic plate or
plates on the clearer rail, so that when the two cleater holders or slides are in
position on the edge of the vertical slot in the clearer rail plate or plates, the
points of the serrated plates or clearers are of sufficient width apart to allow the
yarn or thread only to pass through. Should any irregularities or other deleterious
substance be on the yarn or thread it will be caught by the serrated plates or
clearers allowing only perfect yarn to pass. If the irregularities or deleterious
substance is fast to the yarn or thread and cannot be removed by coming in contact
with the points of the serrated plates or clearers, the yarn or thread will be broken
and the process of winding stopped untill the obstruction is removed by the person
in charge of the machine and the broken end pieced.
In some cases I make the serrated plates or clearers perfectly straight, and place
them at right angles to the clearer holder or slide upon which they are fixed.
The clearer holders or slides are provided with slot-holes through which set-
screws or bolts pass to fasten the same to the metallic plate or plates ou the
ordinary clearer rail of the macbine. The object of the slotted holes are to allow
the clearer holders or slides to move side-ways on the set-screws or bolts; thus the

page_text: clearers can be adjusted for any particular counts or quality of yarn required to be
cleared.
The advantages obtained by my improvements are as follows:-
They guarantee a perfectly level and clean yarn or thread after being wound in a
winding frame.
Time and labor saved through the yarn or thread being made perfectly clean
in one operation of winding, thus dispensing with the necessity of winding the
yarn or thread a second time, as is often the case, thus meeting a requirement long
felt by the trade.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SEPARATING IRON FROM ANDMAL CHARCOAL, SUGAR, AND SACCHARINE LIQUIDS, AND IN THE MEANS OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREFOR.
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Dugald MacEachran at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 7th July 1880.
-
DUGALD NACEACHRAN, of Greenock, in the County of Renfrew, North Britain,
Sugar Refiner. "IMPROVEMENTS IN SEPARATING IRON FROM ANDMAL CHARCOAL,
SUGAR, AND SACCHARINE LIQUIDS, AND IN THE MEANS OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED
THEREFOR.'
"
This Invention has for its objects as follows:-Firstly. To separate the particles
of iron which exist in animal charcoal, both in its raw state, as at first manufactured,
as well as in its revivified stato after reburning, when having become clogged with
the impurities which attach to it in the process of refining sugar. Secondly. To
separate the particles of iron which exist in sugar and saccharino solutions.
The Invention may be carried out by a variety of mechanical contrivances.
Apparatus, however, which meets the object of the Invention is so arranged as to
permit the charcoal or sugar or saccharine syrup to be passed slowly across a magnet
or a series of magnets. To enable this to be done a box or trough is provided, in
which are placed one or more magnets, carried from the top of the box or from its
sides, or otherwise conveniently supported.
The particles of iron collect on the poles of the magnets as the charcoal, sugar,
or saccharine liquids pass across the surface of the magnets.
Another form of apparatus consists of a series of tapered magnetized bars of
a triangular section arranged together in a conical form and having an adjustable
space between each magnetic bar. The charcoal, sugar, or saccharine liquids are
passed through these spaces, and the particles of iron which it contains collect on
the edges of the bars. The back of the bars may be made of a curved hollow form
into which the particles of iron accumulate as they are separated.
Another form of apparatus which is applicable for separating particles of iron
from charcoal, sugar, and saccharine liquids, consists of a series of parallel bar
magnets bound together in a framing with sufficient space between the bars to
allow the charcoal, sugar, or saccharine liquid to pass.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN OR APPLICABLE TO MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OTHER SIMILAR ENGINE PACKING, INSULATED TELEGRAPH WIRES, AND MANUFACTURES."
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Frederick James at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 12th February 1880.
GEORGE FREDERICK JAMES, of Salford, in the County of Lancaster. "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN OR APPLICABLE TO MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR THE MANUFACTURE
OTHER SIMILAR
ENGINE PACKING, INSULATED TELEGRAPH WIRES, AND
MANUFACTURES."
OF
The first part of this Invention refers to the hopper or funnel of the braiding
machinery hitherto employed in the manufacture of engine packing, in which china
clay or other lubricating powder or liquid is introduced, and forms either a core or
coating of the same; also in the manufacture of insulated telegraph wires and
fusés and other similar manufactures, and consists in applying an outer casing to
such hopper or funnel, through which steam, hot water, or other heating mediums
may be circulated, and so keep the contents of the hopper or funnel in a heated
and, if required, also liquid state; and in order to agitate such contents 1 employ
a series of knives or stirrers mounted upon a toothed or worm wheel, to which
revolving motion is imparted, such knives or stirrers dipping into the hopper or
funnel, and by revolving therein so keeping up the regular agitation of the contents,
which operation has hitherto been performed by manual labour.
This Invention also relates to an improved arrangement of apparatus for drawing
off the finished work from the machinery, and consists in employing a reel or cylinder,
to which revolving motion is imparted by a strap or its equivalent from any part
of the machinery, and upon which reel or cylinder the work is so wound.
AN IMPROVED REEL AND BOX FOR BOXING, PACKING, AND SHEWING FRILLINGS AND OTHER TRIMMINGS
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Anthony Coates at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 20th January 1880.
ANTHONY COATES, of No. 5*, Aldermanbury Postern, in the City of London.
"AN IMPROVED REEL AND BOX FOR BOXING, PACKING, AND SHEWING FRILLINGS
AND OTHER TRIMMINGS."
In the ordinary reels as at present used in the trade, the frillings or other
trimmings are crushed at the end of each fold and more especially towards the
centre of the piece. If no reel be used and the frillings be only rolled round in the
box they are apt to come undone on being handled, the goods being entirely
unprotected.
To obviate these drawbacks I provide a reel consisting of a roller of wood or
other material, attached to which, at the top and bottom respectively, is a piece of
cardboard or other material of a circular or other convenient shape, the piece of
cardboard at the bottom of the roller being so large that its diameter is as great ns
the diameter of the roll of frilling or other trimming, and the piece of cardboard at
the top being of a less diameter, so that the goods are seen and are also prevented
from coming undone. The upper edge of the frilling or other trimming is thus
shewn on the reel. In order to shew the side of the goods I provide a block
attached to one end of the box, over which block I pass a part of the frilling or
other trimming.
IMPROVEMENTS IN STOPPERS FOR BOTTLES OR THE LIKE RECEPTACLES FOR AERATED OR OTHER LIQUORS UNDER PRESSURE
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Benedict Zibach and Edward Samuel
Friedeberg at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 31st
July 1880.
BENEDICT ZIBACH and EDWARD SAMUEL FRIEDEBERG, of Whitechapel Road, in
the County of Middlesex. "IMPROVEMENTS IN STOPPERS FOR BOTTLES OR THE
LIKE RECEPTACLES FOR AERATED OR OTHER LIQUORS UNDER PRESSURE.”
Our improved stopper is very simple, and we prefer to attach it to the bottle by
a hinge or its equivalent, so that it can be easily thrown back so as to cleanse the
bottle, or to enable the liquor to run out after the pressure has evaporated.
We take a plug of india rubber, cork, or other suitable material large enough to fit
tight in the neck of the bottle, and provided with a hole through the centre in a line
with the longer axis of the bottle; into this hole we insert a piece of pipe of tin or
other suitable material stopped at its inner end, and having a collar so that it cannot
fly out unless the plug be removed also. One or more holes or spaces are pierced in this
pipe just under the collar, so that the pressure will force the collar hard against the
plug and so stop the apperture, but if the external end of the pipe be pushed
inward so as to expose the hole in the side of the pipe, the liquor within the bottle
being under pressure immediately enters the pipe and escapes through it; when
enough is drawn off, by releasing the pressure the collar again impinges upon the
plug and closes the escape. A collar is also provided upon the outer end of the
pipe so that it may not be pushed too far into the bottle.
For securing the plug a kind of duplicate neck or collar fitting over the neck of
the bottle, and preferably made of metal, may be used; this is provided with ears
projecting beyond the neck, and a plate being placed upon the plug and provided
with lugs or projections, which by being turned partly round take into the
projecting ears of the collar and prevent the plug from being blown out.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING LOOPED FABRICS
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Lister at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 24th July 1880.
HENRY LISTER, of Ashbrow Mills, near Huddersfield, in the County of York,
Manufacturer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING LOOPED FABRICS."
This Invention has reference to that class of loom employed in the woollen trade,
and which is also employed in imitation of scal skin, and carpets or other looped or
pile fabrics. For the purpose of weaving these goods wires or rods are employed,
and in class of loom the wires have been withdrawn by the weaver or other
person, and introduced between the warp by a second person, whose whole duty
was to introduce the wires into such sheds or openings of the warp as may be
required according to the cloth intended to be woven.
My Invention is intended to introduce these wires by self-acting mechanism, and
thereby dispense with the second person referred to above, and the improvements
are equally applicable to hand looms as well as power looms.
The mechanism employed consists in a swinging arm, at one end of which is a
nipping device composed of a hinged finger pressed down by a spring, and is made
to receive one end of the wires or rods. After the weaver has withdrawn the wire
from the fabric, he introduces one end thereof into the nipping device, when the
swinging arm, by means of cams and levers, moves or operates in such a manner as
to take the wire the length of itself past the selvage of the woven fabric, such wire
being taken up a circular guide or grove formed to the radius of the vibrating arm,
by which means the space occupied by the loom is not greater than before. A
lever operated by cam is arranged under the loom, and when required acts upon a
stud fixed to a plate connected to the circular guide; and when the "going-part
of the loom noves backward, it takes the lower end of the circular guide with it,
and places the end of the wire opposite the open "shed," when the swinging arm
returns down the circular guide, introducing the wire into the open shed, and a
projection formed at the bottom of the circular guide operates upon the hinged
finger of the nipping device and releases its hold of the wire. The ends of the
wires rest upon another sliding plate, which is caused to move towards the reed
previous to the introduction of a wire, and on being liberated a spring causes the
plate to return, bringing the wires up to the last shoot of weft, and holding them
there until again moved towards the reed. Another plate is placed at the opposite
side of the fabric as a stop piece, to prevent the wires or rods being sent too far
forward, such stop guide being actuated by the same lever which actuates the other
sliding plate.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MILLSTONE VENTILATORS
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Walter Alfred Barlow at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 10th April 1880. A communication
from abroad by Louis Dassonville do S'Hubert, Millstone Maker, of Namur,
Belgium.
WALTER ALFRED BARLOW, of 6, St. Paul's Churchyard, London, Patent Agent
and Engineer.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MILLSTONE VENTILATORS." A communication
from abroad by Louis Dassonville de S'Hubert, Millstone Maker, of Namur,
Belgium.
This Invention relates to certain improvements in ventilating millstones by
cooling aspirators, which act continuously to aspirate or draw air through the
flour chambers lined with cloths or flannels, and it consists in drawing the heated
air of the millstones, and at the same time collecting the flour which is drawn by
and along with the aspirated air.
The air is according to this invention to be aspirated continuously, and so that
the same traverses alternately first one and then the other chamber. This
displacement of the air is effected mechanically by means of valves which aro
regulated by the working parts of the mill. The automatic shaking of the cloth
or flannel lining is effected when the valves controlling the passage of the air
through the chamber is in its turn interrupted, during which time the valves of
the other chamber are open; thus the aspiration is continuously effected.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BICYCLES
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Goodman at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 7th July 1880.
JOSEPH GOODMAN, of 16, Hercules Buildings, Lambeth Road, in the County of
Surrey, Mechanician. "IMPROVEMENTS IN BICYCLES."
The object of my Invention is to facilitate the escape of bicycle riders from their
bicycles when accidents occur, and to prevent their becoming entangled therewith in
such cases, and also affording an easy mode of dismounting.
I effect this object by dispensing with the steering handle, as ordinarily fitted, and
substituting therefor a pair of steering handles constructed as follows:-To the
lower ends of the fork, which usually terminate with the hubs, I add elongations
downwards below the radius of the cranks, and so as to clear the same. These
elongations to the fork are then bent outwards to a sufficient distance to clear the
cranks and pedals or stirrups. These elongations are then turned upwards, and
terminate in suitable handles, one on each side of the rider.
In case of an obstruction to the motion of the bicycle, or any other accident
occurring, the absence of the ordinary steering handle enables the rider to jump off
with facility and save himself from injury, as the rider's knees are free from
impediment to his so doing.
.
The elongations above mentioned may be constructed of solid metal, tubular
metal, or any other suitable materials, and of one or several pieces, and suitably
strengthened at the bends to insure the necessary stiffness.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BREAD AND CONFECTIONERY
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alexander Esilman and Abner
Hassall at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 8th December
1880.
ALEXANDER ESILMAN and ABNER HASSALL, both of Manchester, in the County
of Lancaster, Manufacturing Chemists. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE
OF BREAD AND CONFECTIONERY."
Our Invention consists in the employment of bi-sulphates and phospho-sulphates
of potash, soda, or ammonia, either singly or combined, as substitutes for tartaric
acid or cream of tartar, the said sulphates being used with any suitable carbonate
for the production of carbonic acid in the manufacture of bread or confectionery,
where yeast or barm cannot be used. The said agents or admixtures act more
slowly on their carbonates than free mineral acids. In certain cases we may use
mixtures of hydrochloric and sulphuric acid and phosphoric acid. In the
manufacture of acidulated sweets we also prefer to use phosphoric acid in lieu of
the tartaric acid usually employed. The bi-sulphates may be made by adding to
the mono-sulphate a proportion of sulphuric acid, or by treating the mono-sulphate
with sufficient hydrochloric or other acid to abstract half of the base, and thus
convert it into bi-sulphate. The phospho-sulphate may be obtained by dissolving
sulphate of potash with sufficient phosphoric acid, or by treating the phosphate of
soda or potash with sufficient sulphuric acid.
IMPROVEMENTS IN COMBINED STAMP AND RECEIPT BOOKS
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Lockyer Hickes at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 6th January 1880.
RICHARD LOCKYER HICKES, of No. 16, Waterloo Place, Pall Mall, in the County
of Middlesex. "IMPROVEMENTS IN COMBINED STAMP AND RECEIPT BOOKS."
This Invention has for its object improvements in combined stamp and receipt
books, and is applicable especially where adhesive stamps are used to frank parcels
for carriage upon railways or otherwise. The sheets constituting the leaves of my
combined stamp and receipt book are perforated from top to bottom, and one half
of the leaf is folded over the other; the part of the leaf thus folded is also perforated in
a series of horizontal lines, and the distances between these lines is such that a receipt
form can conveniently be printed between one horizontal line of perforations and
the next. There is also on the folded portion of each leaf another vertical line of
perforations separating off a portion at the outer edge of the sheet of a width
suitable to form the adhesive stamp intended to be attached to the parcel to be
conveyed by railway or otherwise. Stamps representing money are impressed or
printed in any convenient manner in this outer column of the sheet, one in each of
the spaces divided off by the horizontal lines of perforations, and opposite each
stamp a receipt form is printed. Directly underneath these receipt forms, when the
sheet is folded, there are other similar receipt forms printed upon the other half of
the sheet. When the combined stamp and receipt book is in use, black transfer
paper is put in between the two parts of the folded sheet, and thus from the
arrangement described it results that two precisely similar receipts can be filled in
simultaneously. The stainps and the receipts are all numbered; the stamps are
numbered consecutively, and each stamp and the two adjacent receipts carry the
same number. This being the structure of the book, it is used in the following
manner When the parcel is presented a stamp is torn out of the book and is
stuck upon it by means of the gum with which its back is coated, and the receipt
corresponding to the stamp is written and given to the person handing in the
parcel. The black paper yields a copy of this receipt so that without further care
on the part of the receiver an exact copy of the receipt is retained, numbered to
correspond both with the stamp affixed to the parcel, and with the receipt given to
the person by whom the parcel was handed in.
-
The numbers corresponding as I have described both form a check upon the
number of parcels sent and allow of any parcel being directly traced to the place of
issue; also, in case of wrong direction or change of address or the address being
obliterated, the parcel can be traced back to the office from whence it was received.
IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM BOILERS."
Year: 1880

page_text: "
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Russell at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 2nd November 1880.
JOHN RUSSELL, of Port Glasgow, in the County of Renfrew, North Britain.
IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM BOILERS."
This Invention, which has for its object improvements in steam boilers, relates
to boilers used both for land and marine parposes. The boiler, as constructed in
accordance with the Invention, consists at both ends of a flat circular water space
or chamber, which is mounted on hollow trunnions or journals supported in suitable
bearings in hollow vertical standards or pillars. In each flat circular water space
a steam box or chamber is provided, communicating with the hollow trunnions or
journals, and with the parts of the standards or pillars above thein, by which means
the steam generated is allowed to pass into a steam chest supported above the
boilor on the pillars or standards. The spaces or chambers at each end of the
boiler are connected together by means of horizontal water tubes, preferably
arranged in series of concentric circles, and screwed or otherwise secured in position.
These tubes constitute the body of the boiler lengthwise, and the boiler is provided
with spur, bevil, sprocket, screw, or equivalent mechanism, by which, when in
nction, it is rotated so as to bring the tubes alternately into direct contact with the
heat of the burning fuel, by which means the capacity of the boiler as a steam
generator is greatly increased. The furnace or fire grate is or may also be provided
with mechanism for rotating it horizontally, that is to say, in a direction at right
angles to the revolution of the boiler.
In lieu of heating the boiler by means of fuel contained in a fire grate or furnace
it may, when employed for land purposes, be heated by a series of gas jets suitably
arranged underneath it.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF STEAM PACKING FOR STEAM ENGINES, PUMPS, AND OTHER MACHINERY
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Oliver at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 19th January 1880.
WILLIAM OLIVER, of Stretford, in the County of Lancaster, India Rubber
Manufacturer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF STEAM PACKING FOR
STEAM ENGINES, PUMPS, AND OTHER MACHINERY."
Steam packing of india rubber and textile materials has hitherto been made by
rolling the combined strips forming the core round a mandril in a spiral form, and
then subjecting them in that state to vulcanization. This method however has
many disadvantages.
My improvements consist in forming tubes or cylinders of various dimensions
made up of canvas, cotton, asbestos, or other textile material in combination with
india rubber, and lined internally with brass or steel wire, hardened rubber known
as vulcanite or ebonite, and after the same has been vulcanized cutting such tubes
or cylinders spirally by means of a screw cutting or other suitable machine into
the form of a spiral spring adapted for piston and other packings. By this method
of construction I obtain a packing of a square section eminently adapted for the
purpose required, and which will keep its shape and form however expanded or
contracted to fit the different sizes of piston or other rods.
AN IMPROVED STOPPER FOR BOTTLES AND OTHER VESSELS
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Ernest Taylor Worssam at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 16th April 1880.
ERNEST TAYLOR WORSSAM, of 22, Bunhill Row, in the County of Middlesex,
Brewer. "AN IMPROVED STOPPER FOR BOTTLES AND OTHER VESSELS."
This Invention relates to the construction and arrangement of an improved
stopper for bottles and other vessels, whereby all access of air to within the botule
or vessel, and exit of gas or liquid contained by the bottle or vessel are entirely
prevented. A collar of wood, metal, or other suitable substance is formed of such
size and shape as to be capable of resting on the top of the neck of the bottle or
other vessel. a tube which enters into the neck of the bottle being attached by its
upper end to the lower surface of the collar.
In the centre of the collar is an aperture through which and through the said
tube passes a rod of wood or metal or other suitable material. The upper end of
the rod is furnished with a button, beneath which is placed, around the rod
and between the button and the before mentioned collar, a spiral or other suitable
spring.
The lower portion of the rod is in the form of a cone, around which is placed a
hollow cylindrical washer of india-rubber or other suitable elastic substance, the
washer being attached at its upper end to the lower end of the aforesaid tube, so
that the axes of the washer and tube are in the same straight line.
The action of the apparatus is as follows:-When the spring is in its normal
position, the india rubber or elastic washer is thereby compressed between the
surface of the cone and the internal surface of the neck of the bottle, thus forming
an effectual stopper.
By pressing the button at the top of the rod the spring is compressed, and on the
consequent descent of the cone the washer assumes its natural shape, when the
stopper may be removed from the neck of the bottle or other vessel.
Instead of compressing the india-rubber or elastic washer as above described, the
said spring together with the button at the top of the rod may be dispensed with,
and the said rod may be screwed at its upper portion and furnished with a tapped
nut. If the tapped nut be turned to the right with the fingers, the rod ascends and
thus compresses the washer between the surface of the cone and the internal surface
of the neck of the bottle, forming a tight fitting stopper. By turning the tapped
nut round to the left and pressing the top of the rod, its conical end is pushed out
of the washer, which thereupon assumes its natural shape. The stopper may then
as before be removed from the bottle or other vessel.
IMPROVEMENTS IN HOOKS AND SHACKLES AS SUBSTITUTES FOR PANTALOON BUTTONS."
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Morgan-Brown at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 20th February. 1880. A commu-
nication from abroad by Hermann Schlesinger, of 28, Rossstrasse, Berlin.
WILLIAM MORGAN-BROWN, of the Firm of Brandon and Morgan-Brown, Engineers
and Patent Agents, of 38, Southampton Buildings, London, and 1, Rue Laffitte,
Paris. IMPROVEMENTS IN HOOKS AND SHACKLES AS SUBSTITUTES FOR PANTALOON
BUTTONS." [A communication from abroad by Hermann Schlesinger, of 28,
Rossstrasse, Berlin.]
The principal reason that buttons loosen from the pantaloons is the fact that
the thread with which the button is sewed on comes in direct contact with the
edges of the button-hole, and that on account of the friction (while walking) the
thread is chafed.
The object of this Invention is to avoid this inconvenience and to protect the
thread, if thread be used for sewing on.
Figures 1, 2, and 3 of the accompanying Drawing shows a hook in front view,
back view, and section. The hook forms part with a round disc or plate a, into
which an annular depression b has been punched. In the bottom of this circular
channel several small holes are bored, as the Drawing shows, which are used for
sewing on the hook.
The thread being drawn from one hole to the other, is accordingly fully protected
in the depression, so that a shackle fixed to the suspenders or braces (Figures 4, 5,
and 12), when pushing it over the hook, cannot even touch the thread.
The book acts like a spring, and the free end is pressing against the plate a (as
seen in Figure 3), in order to prevent the suspenders from slipping out.
Figures 6, 7, and 8 are other forms of the hook; Figure 6, shows another bend of
the hook end, while in Figures 7 and 8 the hook is closed by a tongue c stamped
out from the plate a; Figure 9 represents the view of the plate before the hook has
been bent.
It is obvious that the plates a to be sewed on to the pantaloons can be provided
with shackles, as shown by Figure 11, and the hooks formed as Figure 10 indicates
will be sewed to the brace or suspenders.

page_text: Figure 12 shows a pair of pants, illustrating the way of connecting suspenders
with pants.
Instead of the thread for sewing, metal wire may be used, or the plates a of the
hooks may be quite flat, without the depression b, and provided with two or more
holes in order to receive small rivets, which are led through the cloth of the pants
and rivetted behind to another small metal plate, thereby binding the cloth firmly
between the two plates.
IMPROVEMENTS IN HEATING APPARATUS WITH VERTICAL AND HORIZONTAL DIVISIONS, APPLICABLE TO THE INSIDES OF CHIMNEYS
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Simon Suchet at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 27th February 1880.
SIMON SUCHET, of Vassy, in the Department of La Haute Marne, in the Republic
of France, Fumist. "IMPROVEMENTS IN HEATING APPARATUS WITH VERTICAL
AND HORIZONTAL DIVISIONS, APPLICABLE TO THE INSIDES OF CHIMNEYS."
This Invention relates to heating apparatus applicable to the insides of chimneys.
It consists,-
1st. Of an anterior plate of sheet iron, and arched to increase the surface of
radiation.
2nd. In rear, of a bottom closed by a covering plate divided into compartments
by horizontal, vertical, or inclined divisions, in which compartments cold air
circulates, which admitted from the outside through the bottom is heated as it
rises, and reaches outlets, where it escapes perfectly heated.
Side plates facilitate fixing the apparatus to accommodate the various sizes of
chimneys.
IMPROVEMENTS IN OR APPLICABLE TO TOY SPINNING TOPS AND OTHER REVOLVING TOYS
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Charles Biggs at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 2nd December 1880.
JAMES CHARLES BIGGS, of Westbury Lodge, Brentwood, in the County of
Essex. "IMPROVEMENTS IN OR APPLICABLE TO TOY SPINNING TOPS AND OTHER
REVOLVING TOYS."
This Invention relates first to improvements in toy spinning tops of the character
known as chameleon or colored disc tops, to which colored discs are applied when
spinning, by which varied colored effects are produced.
For this purpose, according to my improvements, I use colored or other discs in
combination with toy spinning tops of the ordinary character, but advantageously
those of disc-like form with a straight axis or stem.
The colored or other discs I employ are formed with a central opening of larger
diameter than the stem or axis of the top with which it is to revolve. The outer
circumference of the disc has vanes or wing pieces thereon, which in their revolu-
tion so act as to cause the disc to revolve eccentrically to the axis of the top on
which the disc is placed or combined, and as the eccentricity is constantly changing
very varied and beautiful colored effects are displayed during the revolution of the
disc.
In place of forming the disc with a larger central opening than the axis on
which it is placed, the upper part of the axis on which the disc is placed may be
cranked, and thus cause the disc to revolve eccentrically to the axis of the top so
as to produce similar varied effects.
The eccentricity of the revolving discs may be effected by means other than
those previously described, as, for instance, the top itself may have projections or
surfaces thereon to act upon and cause the disc to vary its eccentricity from time
to time, my Invention having for its object the combination with spinning tops of
colored or other discs arranged to revolve eccentrically to the axis of the top to
produce varied colored or other effects.
It will be evident that corresponding effects may be produced in accordance
with my Invention by causing colored or other discs to revolve eccentrically by
other mechanical means in place of by spinning tops, as previously described.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BANKERS' CHEQUES AND OTHER SIMILAR DOCUMENTS
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Tullidge at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 9th August 1880.
JOSEPH TULLIDGE, of No. 4, Paternoster Square, in the City of London.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN BANKERS' CHEQUES AND OTHER SIMILAR DOCUMENTS."
This Invention has for its object improvements in bankers' cheques and other
similar documents for the purpose of preventing fraudulent alterations of the
documents after they have been drawn.
It has before been proposed to prevent fraud by printing on cheques a series of
figures, and when a cheque has been filled up effacing or tearing off those figures
which denote greater amounts than that for which the cheque has been drawn.
These plans however have been so complicated and troublesome that they have
never come into use.
According to this Invention the object is attained in the simplest possible
manner. At the bottom of the cheque a series of numbers are printed in a row,
the number indicating the smallest value being at one end of the row, the number
The differences
indicating the next higher value being next to it, and so on.
between the successive values are fixed so as to suit the convenience of the user;
for example, the successive values might be 5, 10, 20, and so on to 100, and then
going by twenties or fifties, and so on.
The row of numbers is divided from the body of the cheque by a line of holes
perforated in the paper, and each number is also divided from the next number by
a line of holes at right angles to the other line of holes. When the cheque is drawn
the part of the row containing the numbers indicating values greater than that for
which the cheque is drawn is torn off, but the part of the row containing numbers
indicating lower values is left attached to the cheque. This operation, owing to
the novel manner of making the cheque, is no more difficult than the operation of
tearing off a few postage stamps from a sheet.
Above the row of numbers part of which are to be torn off, to show the amount
for which the cheque is drawn, there is on the body of the cheque a similar row of
the same numbers. These numbers remain on the cheque and serve as an index to
show what numbers have been torn off.
A NEW OR IMPROVED TENNIS MARKER OR SCORER
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Appleby and Arthur Lionel
Stamps at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 29th July 1880.
JAMES APPLEBY and ARTHUR LIONEL STAMPS, both of Birmingham, in the
County of Warwick, Manufacturers. "A NEW OR IMPROVED TENNIS MARKER
OR SCORER."
Our Invention consists of a new or improved tennis marker or scorer, that is, an
instrument for recording or registering the state or progress of the game of tennis,
the parts of which instrument are constructed and combined in the following
manner: The body of the instrument consists of a circular disc, on the marginal
part of which the figures and letters by which the progress of the game is indicated
are marked. An index finger is attached radially to the body by the method
commonly called eyeletting, so that while the said index finger is attached to and
capable of rotating on the body, a central hole is left by passing a screw through
which the marker may be fixed to the bat. The portion of the index finger which
traverses the marginal portion of the body has a circular or other shaped hole in
it, through which hole the figures and letters on the marginal portion are read.
Within the marginal part on which the letters and figures are marked, that is,
between the said marginal part and the centre of the body a series of radial teeth
or corrugations are formed, the said teeth or corrugations constituting a circular
ratchet, and on the underside of that part of the rotating index finger which
traverses the said circular ratchet is a tooth or projection constituting a pawl,
which engaging between two of the teeth or corrugations described fixes temporarily
the index finger in any position to which it may have been brought. The
said index finger is elastic, so that when the hand is applied to its projecting end
it may by the application of pressure be moved; the pawl on its underside rising
up the inclined side of the tooth against which it is pressed and passing over the
summit of that tooth, snapping into the depression between the said tooth and the
next one.
The index finger can thus be made to traverse the whole of the body,
its motion being somewhat similar to that of a pawl on a ratchet, excepting that
it may be moved in either direction, its motion from over one figure or letter to the
next being accompanied by the snapping action described. By the said snapping
action the index finger is retained in the position to which it has been brought,
and the progress of the game is recorded without risk of any accidental change in
the position of the said index finger.
We prefer to make the body and index finger of sheet metal, and fashion them by
dies and pressure, but we do not limit ourselves to the use of any particular material
nor to any particular method of manufacture.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS AND IN THE A communication from ARRANGEMENT OF MECHANISM FOR DRIVING BOATS
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Friedrich Hermann Felix Engel at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 6th September 1880.
A communication from Gustav Reuter, of Hamburg, in the Gerinan Empire.
FRIEDRICH HERMANN FELIX ENGEL, Civil Engineer and Patent Agent, in the
City of Hamburg, Germany. "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS AND IN THE
A communication from
ARRANGEMENT OF MECHANISM FOR DRIVING BOATS."
Gustav Reuter, of Hamburg, in the German Empire.
This Invention is preferably applicable for driving twin boats, such as cigar
shaped boats or boats of semicircular or otherwise shaped sections. The two boats
are combined by a frame or bridge at the centre, and by connecting rods or other
arrangement at the hind and front ends. The bridge and connection frame is
strengthened by a semicircular cover of sheet iron or wood, and by this construction
the two boats are kept apart for about one foot, more or less. On the boards of
the lower frame brackets are arranged for the reception of the axle of a revolving
paddle wheel, which wheel is moved or turned by the action of a person seated
atop of or above the sheet iron semicircular cover above mentioned. The person
works the paddle wheel in the well known manner of moving a velocipede on land,
by placing the feet on cranks attached to the free ends of the axle. The steering
mechanisin consists of a curved rod placed in brackets and sockets on the front of
the semicircular cover, and furnished with a handle at its upper free end which is
in reach of the driving person. The lower end of the curved rod is in connection
with a double armed lever, from each end of which a rod or cord is passed to the
rudder arm.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SYPHONS FOR DRAWING OFF LIQUIDS FROM CARBOYS OR FROM OTHER VESSELS
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas James Finch at the Office.
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 21st May 1880.
THOMAS JAMES FINCH, of 16, Hardess Street, Camberwell, in the County of
Surrey. "IMPROVEMENTS IN SYPHONS FOR DRAWING OFF LIQUIDS FROM CARBOYS
OR FROM OTHER VESSELS."
My Invention relates chiefly to syphons for the discharge of acids from carboy's
into gas generators, as used in the manufacture of mineral waters, but may also be
applied to syphons used for other purposes.
The first part of my Invention consists in so constructing a syphon that no
sucking pipe shall be required, and that there shall be no caps nor screws
through which air can be drawn into the syphon to impair its action. To the long
leg of an ordinary syphon I connect a filling or charging pipe, preferably just below
the level of the end of the short leg; this pipe is bent so as to form a loop or a
bend below the level of its connection to the syphon, and the end of the pipe
being carried up to a suitable height, a funnel or other suitable contrivance may be
fitted or inserted in it to facilitate the charging of the syphon. A cock or valve
may also be fitted to the long leg of the syphon below the charging pipe.
The second part of my Invention consists in constructing a syphon with a
spherical or ball valve at the end of the short leg, the long leg having a suitable
cock or valve fitted to it, and a cap being fitted at or near the top of the bend of
the syphon for charging it.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MEANS OR APPLIANCES FOR SECURING COAL PLATES OR GRIDS, OR THE LIKE
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William George Hunt at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 24th June 1880.
WILLIAM GEORGE HUNT, of Harrow Road, Paddington, in the County of
Middlesex. "IMPROVEMENTS IN MEANS OR APPLIANCES FOR SECURING COAL
PLATES OR GRIDS, OR THE LIKE."
It is well known that accidents are frequently caused by the tipping of the plates
or grids placed in the foot walks of our streets as a covering to the coal cellars,
etcetera, and the reason of this is that the said plates are not properly secured. A
common plan is to attach a chain to the ring on the underside of the plate, and with
a padlock or peg fasten the other end to a loop or staple in the wall of the cellar;
but though this may prevent the plate from being stolen, it does not prevent it from
being tipped up sideways.
Now my Invention secures a firm plate, and I manage this in the following simple
manner :-Instead of a chain I employ a rod, preferably of round iron, of a suitable
thickness and length, hooked at one end to take into the loop upon the plate and
screwed at the other.
A cross bar of any suitable material, such as wood or iron, but preferably of
wood, fits over the end of the rod, and a nut, which may have long ears for
convenience in turning with the fingers, screws on after the bar. To use this
appliance one has only to hook the rod to the plate and screw up the nut, which
brings the cross bar to a bearing up on the stone work or roof of the cellar, thereby
firmly holding the plate down so that it cannot tilt up. The amount of pressure
can be regulated at will by turning the nut. To release the plate or grid, unscrew
the nut till the hook at the other end can be withdrawn and the plate removed.
When wood is used for the cross bar, I prefer to coat it with red lead and gold-size,
or pitch or other matters, to protect it from damp; and a plate or washer may with
advantage be placed upon or secured to it for the nut to work against.
AN IMPROVED BELL AND WHISTLE IN COMBINATION, TO BE EMPLOYED FOR CALL AND WARNING PURPOSES
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Cheshire at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 12th October 1880.
JOHN CHESHIRE, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick. "AN IMPROVED
BELL AND WHISTLE IN COMBINATION, TO BE EMPLOYED FOR CALL AND WARNING
PURPOSES."
I will describe my Invention, first, as applied to a bicycle or other similar vehicle,
being intended to denote by its sound the approach of the rider, the chief feature
being simplicity in construction, and efficiency.
I adopt the ordinary base plate, which is provided with lugs for affixing the same
to the handle bar of vehicle, in size corresponding to the bell or gong, which it
supports by means of a pillar centrally situated; this said plate carries a push-rod,
held in position by loops, through which it passes, and working horizontally. To the
one end, interiorally, is arranged jointed levers at angles (in mechanism known as
lazy tongs), two of which have hammers for striking the interior of the bell; the
other end of push-rod projects exteriorally, and has a knob, by means of which the
mechanism is actuated. Upon the above described push-rod, and between the pillar
and a loop on the edge of plate, and through which passes the said rod, is fed a
coiled spring (or an india rubber ring), so that when pressure is applied to the said
knob this spring becomes compressed, a double blow is struck, and by the power of
this spring is brought back to its normal position, a double blow being effected in
its return movement.
By another mode I employ a hollow ball of thin india rubber or elastic material,
preference being given to a spherical form; this has a whistle affixed to it (and may
be employed in combination with the jointed levers, hammers, and gong, or with-
out). The mode of actuating is as follows -When desirous of giving warning or
alarm the push-rod is compressed against the ball and the enclosed air in the same
escapes by the whistle.
For a table or call bell I arrange the mechanism as above described, but in a
vertical position, the push-rod passing through a hole provided in the bell; the base
plate I dispense with and substitute an ordinary foot or stand.
In the door bell I arrange a plate for connecting to the frame of the door, the
mechanism of which is as above described; the push-rod is actuated by means of a
serrated plate affixed to the upper edge of the door, and at each serration as the
door is opened a double blow is effected.
A NEW OR IMPROVED TOOL OR APPARATUS FOR SHARPENING AND SETTING CUTTING BLADES, PARTICULARLY APPLICABLE TO THE SHARPENING AND SETTING OF REAPING AND MOWING MACHINE KNIVES
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alfred William Tooley at the Office
•
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 25th November 1880.
⚫ ALFRED WILLIAM TOOLEY, of Ipswich, in the County of Suffolk.
"A NEW
OR IMPROVED TOOL OR APPARATUS FOR SHARPENING AND SETTING CUTTING
BLADES, PARTICULARLY APPLICABLE TO THE SHARPENING AND SETTING OF
REAPING AND MOWING MACHINE KNIVES."
Many attempts have been made to construct a machine in such manner that the
grinding wheel may be instantly adjusted to the various positions, forms, and
angles of the cutters or tools to be ground or sharpened, but as the spindle or shaft
carrying the grinding or sharpening wheel has hitherto been mounted and attached
to a stationary stand or frame, this object has only been partially and imperfectly
accomplished; moreover, the cutters or other tools to be ground or sharpened, have
had to be supported by and presented to the grinding wheel by the operator.
The object of my Invention is to provide a handy portable machine or tool for
sharpening knives and other blades or cutters, especially reaping and mowing
machine knives, and which can be easily supported and worked by the operator at
any desired angle or position.
For this purpose I provide a bar or bracket, having at one end a breast plate
which is held against the stomach or chest or other part of the body; on the outer
end I form a bearing or bearings for a cross shaft carrying a handle and bevel
wheel which gears into a small pinion, on the spindle of which is fixed an emery
wheel. Motion is given to the emery wheel by the operator turning the handle
attached to the bevel wheel. On the side of the bar or bracket I attach a small
handle for the purpose of steadying the machine. In order to obtain further
stability I provide a loop in the bar or bracket through which passes a strap,
preferably made of india rubber, which again passes over the shoulders of the
operator.
The apparatus may, if preferred, be placed in a stationary or ordinary grinding
machine, and for this purpose I provide a suitable stand, which can be placed upon
a bench or other convenient place; on the upper part of the stand I form bearings
into which the apparatus can be instantly dropped and made rigid by a set screw
or other suitable device.