Improvements in and in the Formation or Moulding of Water Closets.
Year: 1888

page_text: Date of Application, 27th Apr., 1888
Complete Specification Left, 25th Jan., 1889
Complete Specification Accepted, 2nd Mar., 1889
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and in the Formation or Moulding of
Water Closets.
I, THOMAS WILLIAM TWYFORD of Hanley, in the County of Stafford, Sanitary
Potter, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:
-
This invention relates to that class of water closets, in which the basin is supported
and elevated upon a hollow pillar or skirting like base, (to be used without wood or
brick surroundings) and sometimes known, as pedestal water closets. These closets
which are made entirely of earthenware, are ordinarily provided with traps, constructed
in such a manner, that the water pressure required to cleanse them, is considerable ;
and moreover, unnecessary corner spaces are left, wherein soil, or other substances,
accumulate, thereby making the trap foul.
My invention has for its object principally, the remedying of these defects, by
constructing or forming the trap and passage thereof, in such a manner, that soil and
other accumulations, are entirely prevented, and the water pressure required for the
cleansing, is minimised.
My invention thus consists 1st, in the formation of the trap, which may be either
loose, or made in one piece with the basin, basin-outlet, and shell. 2ndly, in the
means of moulding, and the -formation of-the-component parts of a water closet, of
the kind, as before stated.
In carrying out my invention, I will first describe it in connection with a wash
out basin, and Strap; and which trap is made in earthenware, and in one piece with
the basin and pedestal shell part.
The basin part, and pedestal shell part, of which latter forms an enclosing skirting
to the former, and the trap disposed under the basin, and which said parts are made
in one piece, or in two or more parts, by moulding.
The basin outlet, which is at the front, of the basin or closet, instead of passing
vertically into the bottom of the trap as usual, I slightly curve downwardly and
rearwardly, the neck part of the said outlet, and continue the walls or outsides of
the Strap, from the said neck, in a continuous manner, without leaving any space,

page_text: wherein soil can accumulate, between the inner walls of the outlet, and the underside
of the pan; that is to say, the walls of the pan outlet neck, and trap, are continued
parallel to each other, or of the same internal bore, or nearly so, throughout, and with
the outlet of the trap, continuing itself into the soil pipe; so that there are no corner
spaces in the trap, from the fact of the upper and outer walls of the trap, being made
independent of the walls of the outlet passage and pan bottom.
In the formation of the trap, I mould it like an ordinary S trap, but with the outer
front parts of the walls of the outlet thereof, formed open, and which open part, is
presented and connected to the inside of the rear wall of the pedestal shell.
The lower part of the outlet passage, is made separate from the mouth, and entrance
to the trap, and the whole united, when in a plastic state, as earthenware goods are
usually made.
Thus, an inverted plan of the said closet, represents the trap isolated from the
opposite inner sides of the side walls of the shell, while the rear and front of the trap,
is united to the off inside of the shell, and to the outlet respectively, by a connection
and web.
The outlet of the trap, is made continuous, and partly out of the front walls of
the skirting shell.
Instead of the trap being made a part of the closet, I propose to make the same
separately, and connect it to the neck of the outlet of the pan, by a socket or other
joint, while the outlet and fore part of the trap, is connected and secured by outstanding
lugs or ears, wherethrough pins pass, and connect the same to like lugs or ears, carried
upon the inside walls of the pedestal shell.
The trap when made separately, from pedestal or block closets as herein described,
may be made of earthenware, lead or other suitable materials.
The closets as aforesaid, may be made with either S or P traps, with or without
ventilator outlets; and further, if necessary, the closet may be made up of more than
three component working parts, or segments.
Dated this 20th day of April 1888.

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and in the Formation or Moulding of
Water Closets.
I, THOMAS WILLIAM TWYFORD of Hanley in the County of Stafford, Manufacturing
Sanitary Potter, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in
and by the following statement :-
This invention relates to that class of water-closets, in which the basin is supported
and elevated upon a hollow pillar or skirting like base, (to be used without wood or
brick surroundings) and sometimes known as pedestal water closets-These closets
which are made entirely of earthenware are ordinarily provided with traps, constructed
in such a manner that the water pressure required to cleanse them, is considerable;
and moreover, unnecessary corner spaces are left wherein soil or other substances
accumulate, thereby making the trap foul.
My invention has for its object principally, the remedying of these defects, by con-
structing or forming the trap and passage thereof in such a manner, that soil and
other accumulations are entirely prevented, and the water pressure required for the
cleansing is minimised.
My invention thus consists 1st, in the formation of the trap, which may be either
loose, or made in one piece with the basin, basin outlet and shell. 2ndly in the means
of moulding, and the formation of the component parts of a water closet of the kind
as before stated.
In carrying out my invention, I will first describe it in connection with a wash-out
basin, and Strap, and which trap is made in earthenware, and in one piece with the
basin and pedestal shell part.
The basin part and pedestal shell part, of which latter forms an enclosing skirting
to the former, and the trap disposed under the basin, and which said parts are made in
one piece, or in two or more parts by moulding.
The basin outlet, which is at the front of the basin or closet, instead of passing
vertically into the bottom of the trap as usual, I slightly curve downwardly and
rearwardly the neck part of the said outlet, and continue the walls or outsides of
the Strap, from the said neck, in a continuous manner, without leaving any space
wherein soil can accumulate, between the inner walls of the outlet, and the underside
of the pan; that is to say, the walls of the pan outlet neck, and trap, are continued
parallel to each other, or of the same internal bore or nearly so throughout, and with
the outlet of the trap continuing itself into the soil pipe; so that there are no corner
spaces in the trap, from the fact of the upper and outer walls of the trap being made
independent of the walls of the outlet passage and pan bottom.
In the formation of the trap, I mould it like an ordinary S trap, but with the outer
front parts of the walls of the outlet thereof, formed open, and which open part is
presented and connected (when plastic) to the inside of the rear wall of the
pedestal shell.

page_text: The lower part of the outlet passage is made separate from the mouth and entrance
to the trap, and the whole united when in a plastic state, as earthenware goods are
usually made.
Thus, an inverted plan of the said closet, represents the trap isolated from the
opposite inner sides of the side walls of the shell, while the rear and front of the trap
are united to the inside of the shell, and to the outlet respectively by a connection
and web.
The outlet of the trap is made continuous, and partly out of the front walls of
the skirting shell.
Instead of the trap being made a part of the closet, I propose to make the same
separately, and connect it to the neck of the outlet of the pan, by a socket or other
joint, while the outlet and fore part of the trap is connected and secured by outstanding
lugs or ears, wherethrough pins pass and connect the same to like lugs or ears, carried
upon the inside walls of the pedestal shell.
The trap when made separately from pedestal or block closets as herein described,
may be made of earthenware, lead or other suitable material.
The closets as aforesaid, may be made with either S or P traps, with or without
ventilator outlets; and further if necessary, the closet may be made up of more
than three component working parts or segments.
Figure of the accompanying drawings represents in vertical section, a pedestal
water closet, constructed and made according to my invention. It will be observed
that the basin or pan, the supporting sides or shell of the closet, and the S trap
and other analogous parts, are made entirely of earthenware; and although the
closet is in one piece, it is made up of a series of parts, stuck or joined together by
processes and means commonly known to "potters."
The trap which is of the S formation is non-detachable, and has no trappage room,
other than that of a uniform, or nearly uniform bore.
Figure 2 represents an inverted plan of the said water-closet, thus exhibiting the
disposition of the trap, the flange at the lower boundary edge of the supporting sides
or shell, and the soil, vent and flush pipes.
Figure 3 represents the closet pedestal shell part, with basin and ventilator pipe,
and other accessory parts, in connection with the basin.
Figure 4 represents an inverted plan of the said open bottomed closet part
figure 3.
Figure 5 shows the trap, with its rear side open, which when placed in position,
comes against the inside rear walls of the closet.
Figure 6 is a top side plan of Figure 5, while figure 7 is a rear end view of the
said last named figure. This said figure 7 shows the rear open back, and also the flats
at the base of the outlet thereto.
Figure 8 represents the outlet neck segment.
Figure 9 section and plan of collar segment, which makes the junction between the
flange of the soil pipe, and the outlet from the trap.
Figure 10 is the flange.
The same letters of reference indicate corresponding parts in figures 1 to 10 both
inclusive of the drawings.
a is the basin of the closet, a² the flushing rim, a³ the flushing neck or inlet, at the
spreader, and a the after flush.
bis the neck or outlet, c the S trap leading from it, and c² is the soil pipe-d is the
ventilator, and e is the pedestal shell part, which supports the basin, and contains
the trap.
In making the closet, I proceed as follows:
I produce by moulding, the part closet as represented in figure 3; that is, I form,
make or connect together, sundry parts, and produce the said part closet; this done,
I extend the pan outlet neck b by a supplementary neck segment 63, and to this said
neck segment, I connect the S trap c, which is made and moulded separately, as
represented in figure 5.

page_text: The said trap e, as will be observed, is of nearly uniform diaineter internally; that
is to say, the walls thereof are parallel, or nearly parallel throughout, so as to thereby
give an even bore, without superfluous trappage room.
The rear end of the trap is connected to the inside of the rear wall e² of the
pedestal shell part, in front of the ventilator d.
The outlet to the trap is furnished with an open sided collar segment c, and a soil
pipe flange co, as shown in the separate views figures 5 and 7.
"
The parts are connected or stuck together, by means commonly known to
potters."
Figure 11 of the said accompanying drawings represents another form of water
closet, constructed according to my invention, and which is provided with a P trap
made in one piece with the basin and other accessory parts.
Figure 12 represents an inverted plan of the said water closet. Figure 13 a section
of the trap separately. Figure 14 is the ventilator pipe, and figure 15 the trap outlet
or soil pipe flange connection, while figure 16 represents the rear part of the shell of
the closet, before the same has been pierced, for making the soil pipe, and ventilator,
connections.
The same letters of reference indicate corresponding parts in figures 11 to 16.
a is the basin, a² the flushing rim, a³ the flushing inlet neck, as the spreader, a³ the
after-flush- is the pan outlet neck, and 62 the supplementary neck segment, which
connects the neck proper to the P trap c, whose main inside bore is of uniform
diameter, and whose outlet c terminates in the soil pipe 2, and ventilator d
above it.
The pan and other parts are supported and enclosed by the pedestal shell e.
In making a water-closet, the pan and shell, with some other accessories are first
moulded or made like that of figure 3; the trap is then introduced into the open
bottom, and therein affixed at its one end to the inside rear walls e² of the shell or
skirting e, and the other end to a supplementary neck 2, which is joined to the
primary neck b.
After the soil pipe socket and ventilator holes have been pierced or made through
the shell, the parts figure 14 and 15 are stuck on or secured in position to the other
part, by means commonly known as aforesaid.
Figure 17 represents another form of water closet, constructed and arranged
according to my invention, and which said closet is provided with a detachable and
connected lead trap, instead of a fixed earthenware one, as described in the first
and second arrangements as aforesaid.
a is the basin, with accessory parts a², a³, a³, a³ and neck outlet to basin b, which
is extended by a supplementary neck 62, made separate as aforesaid---c is a lead trap,
with soil pipe c², outlet e³, ventilator d, and socket c*, coming within the open bottom
of the shell or walls e, of the pedestal.
The trap c, which is a detachably connected S trap, is provided with ears or
brackets c, by means of which, the said trap is connected by bolts or their equivalents co
to the inside of the walls of the pedestal.
Figure 18 represents an inverted plan of figure 17, and figure 19 represents the trap
separately.
The dotted lines in figure 17, show the direction in which the outlet to the trap will
take when the same is a P trap instead of an S trap as represented.
My invention is applicable to all pedestal water closets, or water closets of a like
construction, provided with trapping arrangements.
The loose trap instead of being made of lead, may be formed of earthenware, iron
or other suitable substance.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is
First. An earthenware pedestal water-closet, making or constructing the walls of
the trap parallel, or nearly parallel, and independent of the basin or pan bottom,

page_text: whereby no space or trappage room for soil accumulations is left, substantially as
described and set forth in figures 1, 2, 5, 6, 7, 11, 12 and 13.
Secondly. Constructing and arranging pedestal and block closets (of earthenware)
as herein described and illustrated in figures 1, 2, 11 and 12 of the drawings; that is
to say, forming the basin, trap and shell or supporting walls (with neck, ventilator and
soil pipe connection) as herein set forth; whereby the closet is simplified in its con-
struction, soil accumulations prevented, and less flushing power required for the soil
removal
Thirdly. The formation of the basin with the initial shell and their accessory
parts b, d, as set forth in figures 3 and 4.
Fourthly. The formation, moulding and putting together of earthenware, pedestal
or block water closets, of the construction, or of a like construction or type, as described
and set forth in figures 1 to 16 both inclusive of the drawings.
Lastly. A pedestal or block water-closet, constructed and arranged as set forth in
figures 17 and 18; that is to say, combining with a shell and basin (with
outlet neck) a detachable syphon, composed of lead, iron, earthenware or the like;
and which said parts are constructed, arranged and fitted together as set forth in
figures 17, 18 and 19.
+
.
1
1000