IMPROVEMENTS IN GRINDING AND FINISHING CYLINDRICAL OBJECTS, AND IN APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREFOR, PARTS OF WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE APPLICABLE TO OTHER SIMILAR POR- POSES.
Year: 1878

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Astley Paston Price, of 47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the
County of Middlesex, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN GRINDING AND
FINISHING CYLINDRICAL OBJECTS, AND IN APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREFOR,
PARTS OF WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE APPLICABLE TO OTHER SIMILAR POR-
POSES. A communication from abroad by George Granville Lobdell, of
Wilmington, New Castle County, State of Delaware, United States of
America
"
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Astley Paston Price at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 15th May 1878.
ASTLEY PASTON PRICE, of 47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the County of Middlesex.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN GRINDING AND FINISHING CYLINDRICAL OBJECTS, AND IN
APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREFOR, PARTS OF WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE APPLI-
CABLE TO OTHER SIMILAR PURPOSES." A communication from abroad by George
Granville Lobdell, of Wilmington, New Castle County, State of Delaware, United
States of America.
This Invention relates, first, to the grinding and finishing of cylindrical objects;
and secondly, to the balancing of the grinding wheels for such machines, parts of
these improvements being applicable to other similar purposes.
The first part of this Invention relates to the grinding and finishing of cylindrical
objects so as to remove therefrom such irregularities as may exist after the opera-
tions of turning and rough grinding.
In finishing chilled rolls especially this grinding operation is resorted to for the
purpose of removing the annular ridges, which, although scarcely perciptible, detract
from the truth and uniform diametrical finish of the rolls.
In carrying out this part of the Invention a bed plate is provided, which is strong
and heavy, and secured to a most substantial foundation, and to the said bed plate
are fixed two standards which are adjustable on the beds to any position which the
length of the rolls to be operated on may require.
Prins G21

page_text: In turning a roll, journals are formed on its opposite ends, and these journals are
adapted to bearings so fitted to the standards that they can be adjusted laterally
therein, until the roll is scarcely parallel with longitudinal guides with which the
bed is provided, the bearings being secured after adjustment by set screws.
Across the bed of the machine extends a saddle having V shaped ribs adapted to
the similarly shaped guides in the bed, and this saddle may be traversed longitu-
dinally on the bed by a screw or other appliances, such for example as are used in
metal planing machines.
On the saddle are guides for carriages which may be adjusted to any position on
the saddle and secured after adjustment, each carriage supporting a slide which may
be adjusted from or towards the roll by a screw, as in an ordinary slide rest.
Each slide has opposite bearings for a spindle, and the spindle of one slide carries
a grinding wheel which is driven at great speed by belts passing round pulleys on
the spindle; this wheel having been properly balanced, as described in the second
part of this Invention.
The spindle of the other slide carries a plain wheel which bears against and is
rotated by the roll situate between the two wheels, the plain wheel being perfectly
true, and having a periphery which is preferably hardened.
The saddle with its adjuncts is moved along the bed until it is near one of the
standards, so that both the grinding wheel and the plain wheel can be brought to
bear against the surface of the roll at one end of the same, after which, as the roll
rotates slowly and the grinding wheel revolves rapidly, the saddle is moved slowly
along the bed of the machine until the two wheels arrive at the opposite end of the
turned portion of the roll, when a slight re-adjustment of the wheels may be
required prior to the return of tho saddle. The two wheels are thus caused to
traverse backwards and forwards until the roll is properly finished.
No jar can be communicated to the roll by the rapidly revolving grinding wheel,
owing to the backing afforded by the smooth hard periphery of the plain wheel,
which as before remarked, is rotated by the roll, and hence is accompanied by no
friction against the same.
There may be more than one grinding wheel on one side of the roll, and more
than one smooth wheel or roller on the opposite side, but the arrangement described
above has proved to be successful in practico.
No soft part of the roll can be reduced by the grinding wheel to a greater extent
than harder portions owing to the rigid backing which the plain wheel affords.
It is of great importance that the grinding wheels for these machines should be
perfectly balanced, since a slight preponderance at any point on the wheel will
result in such a jarring that its periphery cannot move in an exactly true circle, the
journals and bearings being at the same time injuriously affected by the jarring, the
vehemence of which is increased as the speed of the wheel increases. This difficulty
is overcome by the second part of this Invention, which is next herein-after
described.
The grinding wheel consists of a metal disc secured to its shaft, and of a rim of
corundum or emery composition suitably confined to the periphery of the disc. The
shaft is supported at its opposite ends in bearing blocks, and its journals may be
partly conical and adapted to similarly shaped recesses in the said blocks which are
so fitted into openings in the heads of two pillars that they can be adjusted therein
and secured after adjustment by set screws. The stems of these pillars, preferably
of steel, are made thin, so as to possess more or less elasticity.
A circular plate is secured to each side of the disc by set screws, and in the inside
of each plate and concentric therewith is an annular recess containing one or more
inetal segments which can be moved to any desired position within the said recess,
the depth of the latter being somewhat less than the thickness of the segment, so
that when the plate is screwed tight, the segment will be firmly confined between
the plate and the disc of the wheel.
The driving belts for the pulleys on the shaft should pass from a driving pulley

page_text: above or below the machine, so that the pull on the shaft should be upwards or
downwards (preferably upwards) and not lateral.
When the shaft is rapidly revolved and the wheel is out of balance, there will be
a rapid vibration of the elastic pillars which suggests the necessity of an adjustment
of the segments, and this is effected after the movement of the wheel has been
arrested by loosening one or other or both of the plates, until a suitable instrument
can be introduced between the plate and the disc for adjusting the segment to any
extent which the vibration of the pillars may suggest to the attendant who has
charge of the machine.
When the plate and segments have been again secured by the set screws, and the
shaft is again revolved, the vibration of the wheel due to the clastic pillars will
determine by the diminution or increase in the intensity of the vibration, whether
the first adjustment of the segments has been in the right direction, and will
suggest a proper second adjustment, and the adjustments may be continued until
all vibrations of the wheel ceases, and the pillars are in a quiescent condition while
the wheel revolves, and this will determine the fact that the wheel is in a properly
balanced condition for usc.
It is not necessary in balancing these wheels that in all cases there should be a
plate with adjustable balancing segments on both sides of the wheel, although the
arrangement described is preferred.
The application of this part of the Invention is not restricted to corundum or
emery wheels, for it may be used to advantage in connection with any wheels or
pulleys which have to revolve at a high rate of speed, and the jarring of which has
n detrimental effect on the machinery with which they are connected, and on the
building in which the machinery is located.
In the case of emery or corundum wheels, the adjustable counter-balancing
weights are necessary on one or both sides, but in pulleys they may be placed on
the inside of the rim, and in fly wheels on the rim or on the arms; indeed, the
character, location, and mode of securing the counter-balance weights will in a
great measure depend upon that of the wheel or pulley.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Astley Paston Price in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 29th
October 1878.
ASTLEY PASTON PRICE, of 47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the County of Middlesex.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN GRINDING AND FINISHING CYLINDRICAL OBJECTS, AND IN
APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREFOR, PARTS OF WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE APPLI-
CABLE TO OTHER SIMILAR PURPOSES." A. communication from abroad by George
Granville Lobdell, of Wilmington, New Castle. County, State of Delaware, United
States of America.
The said Invention relates, first, to the grinding and finishing of cylindrical objects;
and secondly, to the balancing of the grinding wheels for such machines, parts of
these improvements being applicable to other similar purposes.
The first part of the said Invention relates to the grinding and finishing of cylin-
drical objects so as to remove therefrom such irregularities as may exist after the
operations of turning and rough grinding.
In finishing chilled rolls especially this grinding operation is resorted to for the
purpose of removing the annular ridges, which although scarcely perceptible, detract
from the truth and uniform diametrical finish of the rolls.
Different kinds of machines have been adopted for this purpose, for example, the
roll to be ground has been caused to revolve in bearings which have such play that
the roll is at liberty to move laterally under the action of traversing and revolving
grinding whels, one on each side of the roll, the wheels being at the proper distance
apart for insuring the reduction of the roll to a uniform diameter. Another plan has
been to cause a roll to revolve in fixed bearings while subjected to opposite traversing
and revolving grinding wheels, adjusted to a proper distance apart from each other
in accordance with the desired diameter of the rolls, but capable of yielding together
transversely to the roll.. In one instance there must occasionally be a greater
pressure of one grinding wheel than the other against the roll, and in the other case
there must at times be a greater pressure of the roll against one grinding wheel than
the other. This might have no evil results if the roll were of uniform hardness
throughout, but in alnost every chilled roll there are some places not quite as hard
as others, and when such places are subjected to a greater pressure against one of
the grinding wheels than is exerted by the other wheel against a hard part of the
roll there must necessarily be a greater reduction at this softer place than where the
roll is harder.
It has been found by practical tests that this evil may be avoided, and the best
results generally attained by causing the roll to revolve in fixed bearings, and using
a revolving and traversing grinding wheel on one side of the roll, and a smooth
metal wheel on the opposite side of the roll.
And in order that the said Invention may be fully understood I shall now
proceed more particularly to describe the same, and for that purpose shall refer to
the several Figures on the annexed Sheet of Drawings, the same letters of reference
indicating corresponding parts in all the Figures.
Figure 1 of the accompanying Drawings represents an end view of the improved
machine for finishing chilled rolls and other cylindrical objects. Figure 2 is a
transverse section, and Figure 3 is a plan of the machine.
The remaining Figures illustrate details and are herein-after referred to.
The bed A of the machine should be strong and heavy, and secured to a most
substantial foundation, for on the permanence and solidity of the bed depends that
unvarying truth of the V guides a, a, which is essential to the true working of the
machine.
To the bed A are secured two standards B, B, which are adjustable on the beds
to any position which the length of the roll D may require.
In turning a roll, journals bare formed on its opposite ends, and these journals are

page_text: adapted to bearings d, d, so fitted to the standards B that they can be adjusted
laterally therein until the roll is exactly parallel with the V guides a, a, the bearings
being secured after adjustment by set screws e.
Across the bed A of the machine extends a saddle E having V shaped ribs adapted
to the similarly shaped guides a in the bed, and this saddle may be traversed longi-
tudinally on the bed by a screw or other appliance, such, for example, as are used in
metal planing machines.
On the saddle are guides for the carriages F, F, which may be adjusted to any
position on the saddle and secured after adjustment, each carriage supporting a slide
G which may be adjusted from or towards the roll by the screw h as in an ordinary
slide rest.
Each slide has opposite bearings j, j, for a spindle i, and the spindle of one slide
carries a grinding wheel H, which is driven at great speed by belts passing round
pulleys, k, on the spindle, this wheel having been properly balanced as described
in the second part of the said Invention.
The spindle i of the other slide carries a plain wheel I, which bears against
and is rotated by the roll, the wheel being perfectly true and having a periphery
which is preferably hardened.
The saddle with its adjuncts is moved along the bed until it is near one of the
standards, so that both the grinding wheel H and the plain wheel I can be brought
to bear against the surface of the roll at one end of the same, after which, as the
roll rotates slowly and the grinding wheel revolves rapidly, the saddle is moved
slowly along the bed of the machine until the two wheels arrive at the opposite
end of the turned portion of the roll, when a slight re-adjustment of the wheels may
be required prior to the return of the saddle. The two wheels are thus caused to
traverse backwards and forwards until the roll is properly finished.
No jar can be communicated to the roll by the rapidly revolving grinding wheel
owing to the backing afforded by the smooth hard periphery of the wheel I
which, as before reinarked, is rotated by the roll, and hence is accompanied by no
friction against the same.
More than one grinding wheel may be arranged on one side of the roll, and more
than one smooth wheel or roller on the opposite side, but the arrangement' described
above has proved to be successful in practice.
No soft part of the roll can be reduced by the grinding wheel to a greater
extent than harder portions, owing to the rigid backing which the wheel I affords.
It is of great importance that the grinding wheels for these machines should be
perfectly balanced, since a slight preponderance at any point on the wheel will
result in such a jarring that its periphery cannot move in an exactly true circle,
the journals and bearings being at the same time injuriously affected by the jarring,
the vehemence of which is increased as the speed of the wheel increases. This
difficulty is overcome by the second part of the said Invention, a preliminary out-
standing of which may be best obtained by reference to the diagram, Figure 4, in
which is the wheel mounted on the shaft or spindle I having a pulley k for
receiving a belt k³ from any driving pulley.
The shaft has its bearings in a link or links X which are hinged to a fixed pin f,
so that the shaft with the pulley k is supported solely by this pin and by the
belt kl.
If the wheel is perfectly balanced and is caused to revolve rapidly, it will remain
in the same vertical position; but if it is out of balance, the wheel will vibrate in
the arc of a circle, of which the fixed pin fis the centre.
If the wheel be furnished with movable segments x, the latter may be adjusted
until all vibrations cease, and this will be a certain indication that the wheel has
been perfectly balanced by the said segments.
Referring to the remaining Figures of the accompanying Drawing, Figure 5 is a
perspective view partly in section, Figure 6 an end view, and Figure 7 a side eleva-
tion partly in section of the balanced grinding wheel. This wheel H consists of a

page_text: inetal disc ¹ secured to the shaft i, and of a rim of corundum or emery com-
position suitably confined to the periphery of the disc. J, J, are the opposite
bearing blocks of the shaft, the journals of which are in the present example partly
conical and adapted to similarly shaped recesses in the said blocks which are so
fitted into openings in the heads m of the two pillars I, I, that they can be adjusted
therein and secured after adjustment by the screws n. The items of these pillars,
preferably of steel, are inade thin so as to possess more or less elasticity.
A circular plate M is secured to each side of the disc ¹ by set screws p, and in
the inside of each plate and concentric therewith is an annular recess q containing
one or more metal segments which can be moved to any desired position within
the said recess, the depth of the latter being somewhat less than the thickness of the
segment, so that when the plate is screwed tight the segment will be firmly confined
between the plate and the disc of the wheel.
The driving belts for the pulleys k, k, on the shaft i should pass from the driving
pulley above or below the machine, so that the pull on the shaft should be upwards
cr downwards (preferably upwards) and not lateral.
When the shaft is rapidly revolved and the wheel is out of balance, there will be
a rapid vibration of the elastic pillars, which suggests the necessity of an adjust-
ment of the segments, and this is effected after the movement of the wheel has
been arrested by loosening one or other or both of the plates M until a suitable
instrument can be introduced between the plate and the disc for adjusting the
segment to any extent which the vibration of the pillars may suggest to the
attendant who has charge of the machine.
When the plate and segments have been again secured by the set screws p and
the shaft is again revolved, the vibration of the wheel due to the elastic pillars will
determine by the diminution or increase in the intensity of the vibration whether
the first adjustment of the segments has been in the right direction, and will
suggest a proper second adjustment, and the adjustments may be continued until
all viabrations of the wheels ceases and the pillars are in a quiescent condition while
the wheel revolves, and this will determine the fact that the wheel is in a properly
balanced condition for usc.
The importance of a truly balanced corundum or emery grinding wheel will be
understood when it is remembered that such wheels are sometimes driven at tho
rate of three thousand revolutions per minute.
It is not necessary in balancing these wheels that in all cases there should be a
plate with adjustable balancing segments on both sides of the wheel, although the
arrangement described is preferred.
The application of this part of the Invention is not restricted to corundum or
emery wheels, for it may be used to advantage in connection with any wheels or
pulleys which have to revolve at a high rate of speed and the jarring of which has 4
a detrimental effect on the machinery with which they are connected and on the
building in which the machinery is located.
In the case of emery or corundum wheels, the adjustable counterbalancing weights
are necessary on one or both sides, but in pulleys they may be placed on the inside
of the rim, and in fly wheels, on the rim or on the arms; indeed the character,
location, and mode of securing the counterbalance weights will in a groat measure
depend upon that of the wheel or pulley.
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of the said Inven-
tion, and the manner in which the same is or may be used or carried into effect, I
would observe in conclusion that what I consider to be novel and original, and
therefore claim as the Invention secured to me by the herein-before in part recited
Letters Patent is,―
First. In a machine for finishing chilled rolls and other cylindrical objects, the
combination of the following elements, namely:-First, a substantial bed with longi-
tudinal guides; second, fixed bearings on the bed for the journals at the opposite 5
ends of the rolls; and third, a movable saddle adapted to guides on the bed and

page_text: carrying an adjustable grinding wheel or wheels for acting on one side of the roll,
and an adjustable plain wheel with hard periphery for bearing against the opposite
side of the roll, all substantially as herein-before described.
Second. The mode herein described of determining whether wheels or pulleys
on shafts or spindles are properly balanced, that is to say, causing the said wheel
or pulley to revolve in bearings which are at liberty to vibrate, as herein-before
described.
Third. A wheel-testing machine, in which two bearings for the shaft carrying the
wheel to be tested are combined with and supported by elastic pillars, substantially
as herein-before described.
Fourth. The combination of a wheel H with a plate M secured to one or both
sides of the said wheel, and having a recess for receiving one or more adjustable
counterbalancing segments, substantially as herein-before described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Astley Paston Price, have to this my Specifi-
cation set my hand and seal, the Fifteenth day of October, One thousand
eight hundred and seventy-eight.