A NEW OR IMPROVED PROCESS OF DYEING COTTON FABRICS AND YARNS, OR MIXED COTTON AND WOOLLEN FABRICS OF A BLACK COLOR
Year: 1879

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Joseph Clare, of Greenfield, in the County of York,
Dyer and Finisher, for the Invention of "A NEW OR IMPROVED PROCESS OF
DYEING COTTON FABRICS AND YARNS, OR MIXED COTTON AND WOOLLEN
FABRICS OF A BLACK COLOR."
Sealed the 25th May 1880, in pursuance of an Order of the Lord Chancellor, and
dated the 12th November 1870
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Joseph Clare at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 13th November 1879.
"
JOSEPH CLARE, of Greenfield, in the County of York, Dyer and Finisher. 'A
NEW OR IMPROVED PROCESS OF DYEING COTTON FABRICS AND YARNS, OR MIXED
COTTON AND WOOLLEN FABRICS OF A BLACK COLOR."
I prepare a dye bath with a solution of extract of logwood, and a solution of
extract of quercitron bark, the proportions varying according to the depth and
shade required, and add to this bath a solution of sesqui oxide of chromium and a
solution of copper; either the sulphate, chloride, nitrate or acetate of chromium will
answer the purpose, as also will the sulphate, chloride, nitrate, or acetate of copper.
pass the goods through the dye bath or pad them with it, age, and dry, after
which the black is raised and fixed by passing the goods through an alkaline
solution.
A modification of the above process for dyeing cotton piece goods black is as
follows: I prepare a bath of extract of logwood and bark or other yellow coloring
matter, and add thereto a solution of chrome alum and a solution of sulphate,
chloride, nitrate, or acetate of copper, or the dye bath may be used without the
chrome alum. The pieces are passed through the bath, or padded as in the first
process, aged and dryed, and passed through an alkaline solution.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, and
of an Order of the Lord Chancellor, filed by the said Joseph Clare in the Great
Seal Patent Office on the 25th May 1880.
JOSEPH CLARE, of Greenfield, in the County of York, Dyer and Finisher. "A
NEW OR IMPROVED PROCESS OF DYEING COTTON FABRICS AND YARNS, OR MIXED
COTTON AND WOOLLEN FABRICS OF A BLACK COLOR."
-
I prepare a dye bath with a solution of extract of logwood and a solution of
extract of quercitron bark, the proportions varying according to the depth and
shade required, and add to this bath a solution of sesqui-oxide of chromium and a
solution of copper; either the sulphate, chloride, nitrate, or acetate of chromium will
answer the purpose, as also will the sulphate, chloride, nitrate, or acetate of copper.
pass the goods through the dye bath, or pad them with it, age and dry, after
which the black is raised and fixed by passing the goods through an alkaline
solution. A modification of the above process adapted for dyeing cotton piece goods
black is as follows:-I prepare a bath of extract of logwood and bark, or other
yellow coloring matter, and add thereto a solution of chrome alum and a solution
of sulphate, chloride, nitrate, or acetate of copper, or the dye bath may be used
without the chrome alum. The pieces are passed through the bath or padded, as in
the first process, aged and dried, and passed through an alkaline solution. In
carrying out my Invention I find the following mode produces very good results:-
For the dye bath I take a solution of extract of logwood standing at about 3°
Twaddell's hydrometer, solution of muriate of chromium at about 20° Twaddell,
solution of sulphate of copper at about 20° Twaddell. To every gallon of logwood
liquor I add one pint of muriate of chromium, and one pint of solution of sulphate
of copper. The dye bath should now stand at about 8° Twaddell. This dye bath
I keep up as a standing liquor, and after having passed one lot of goods through,
add fresh logwood, muriate of chromium, and sulphate of copper, to keep up its
quantity and strength. For some shades I add to the dye bath a solution of
extract of quercitron bark, fustic, or other yellow coloring matter in proportion to
the shade of black required, as is well understood by practical dyers. If the goods
to be dyed are velvets, I pass them through the dye bath in jiggers, and after giving
them a few ends through, put them in a hydro extractor to withdraw from them
the superfluous dye liquor which is collected and put back into the jigger; the pieces
are then dried and aged, or aged and dried, after which they are passed through a
solution of soda (containing about one pound weight of soda to ten gallons of water)
which brings up the black. If the goods to be dyed are sateens, italiens, or similar
articles, after being passed through the dye bath in jiggers, they are mangled, dried,
and aged. It is not necessary to produce the black that the pieces should be dried
before passing them through the soda solution, but I have found in practice that
there is great danger of the black being uneven if the pieces are not dried after
being mangled from the dye bath, and before passing them through the solution of
soda, therefore I consider it very important that the pieces after being mangled from
the dye bath should be dried before they are submitted to the action of the soda
solution, and this mode of procedure is one of the chief characteristics of my
Invention in dyeing piece goods, though it is not so important when dyeing yarns.
As a modification of the above described process when applied to the dyeing of
piece goods only made of cotton, I take one gallon of logwood liquor standing at
about 3° Twaddell, and add thereto three gills of solution of chrome alum at 20°
Twaddell, and three gills of solution of sulphate of copper at 20° Twaddell; or the
chrome alum may be omitted, and double the quantity of sulphate of copper added
to the logwood liquor. The process of dyeing is as before described, the pieces
being passed through the dye bath in jiggers, mangled, dried, and aged, then passed

page_text: through a solution of soda as before. It is very important in this process that the
pieces should be dried after being mangled to get the black even
Having now described the nature and particulars of my said Invention, and the
manner in which the same is to be performed or carried into practical effect, I
desire it to be distinctly understood that I do not confine myself to the precise
proportions herein set forth, as such may be varied or modified without departing
from the principle of my Invention, but what I claim as secured to me under the
above in part recited Letters Patent is, the new or improved process of dyeing
cotton fabrics and yarns, or mixed cotton and woollen fabrics of a black color,
substantially as herein before described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Joseph Clare, have hereunto set my hand and
seal, this Fourth day of May, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight
hundred and eighty.
Signed, sealed, and delivered by
the within named Joseph
Clare, in the presence of
G. SEPTIMUS HUGHES,
Patent Agent,
Manchester.
JOSEPH CLARE. (L.S.)