A COMBINED LATHE, PLANING, SHAPING AND FLUTING MACHINE
Year: 1885

page_text: I JOSEPH APPLEYARD of Portland Street, Manchester Road Bradford in the
County of York, Wire belt-sewing machine maker, do hereby declare the nature of
my invention for "A COMBINED LATHE, PLANING, SHAPING AND FLUTING MACHINE,"
to be as follows:-
My invention relates to apparatus that may be attached to an ordinary lathe
whereby the work of a planing, shaping, or fluting machine can be performed.
To carry out my invention, I fix firmly upon the bed of a lathe, a strong cast
iron table, supported at each end by feet of sufficient height to allow the saddle of
the lathe to pass freely along, under such table.
For the purpose of planing, a vertical plate is bolted upon the top of the table,
so that the surface of the vertical plate is at a right angle with a line across the
top of the cast iron table, and parallel with the length of the lathe bed. Upon this
vertical plate the object to be planed is secured. An upright slide is secured to
the saddle of the lathe, which slide is therefore parallel with the surface of the
vertical plate herein before mentioned. Upon this slide the tool holder works, and
as the saddle of the lathe is worked by the main screw of the lathe, the necessary
motion is thereby given to the tool holder.
A vertical screw passes from top to bottom of the upright slide, which has a
hand wheel at the top for the purpose of moving the tool holder, and at the bottom
of the vertical screw is a bevil wheel, geared into a similar bevil wheel on the end
of a short horizontal shaft, at the other extremity of which shaft is a ratchet wheel,
which ratchet wheel is actuated by catches fixed at the required distance on the side
of the table for the purpose of actuating the planing feed automatically.
For the purpose of planing a surface in a direction horizontally across the table
the screw across the saddle of the lathe has a ratchet wheel fixed upon the end of
such screw at the back of the lathe and the ratchet wheel is actuated by catches
with which it comes in contact at the required part of its traverse.
Instead of the upright slide for holding the planing tool holder as bereinbefore
described, I may make use of two uprights, standing up from the saddle of the
lathe, one at each side of the table, and a cross slide for the tool holder between the
two uprights.
For the purpose of reversing the action of the saddle when it has travelled a
sufficient distance I make use of drums with two belts, one straight and the other

page_text: crossed, which are shifted automatically by the traverse of the saddle, or I fix at
the end of the main screw of the lathe two bevil wheels, one small and one larger,
so that the small one may be placed within the space inside the ring formed by the
teeth of the larger one. The larger bevil wheel is actuated by another bevil wheel
which is fixed upon a hollow shaft at right-angles to the screw of the lathe, and
the smaller bevil wheel is actuated by another bevil wheel keyed upon a shaft
which passes through the hollow shaft hereinbefore mentioned. Between the
pulleys actuating these bevil wheels is a loose pulley. The bevil wheels for
actuating the screw are alternately brought into gear by a long rod, which passes
through a bearing in the saddle of the lathe, and upon this rod collars are fixed by
set screws in the position required to reverse the action of the main screw when
the traverse has been effected.
A hardened steel hoop is placed upon the hollow shaft to which one of the bevil
wheels is fixed, to receive the thrust of a steel centre, placed upon the end of the
main screw.
For the purpose of fluting, and shaping in circles, I secure two beadstocks to the
table hereinbefore mentioned, and between the centres of these headstocks the
object to be shaped or fluted is placed.

page_text: A Combined Lathe, Planing, Shaping, and Fluting Machine.
I, JOSEPH APPLEYARD of Portland Street Manchester Road, Bradford, in the
County of York Wire Belt Sewing Machine Maker do hereby declare the nature
of my invention for "A. COMBINED LATHE PLANING, SHAPING AND FLUTING
MACHINE" and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
My invention relates to apparatus that may be attached to an ordinary lathe,
whereby the work of a planing shaping or fluting machine can be performed.
To carry out my Invention, I fix firmly upon the bed of a lathe, a strong cast
iron table, supported at each end, and nearer the centre if necessary to prevent
springing, by feet of sufficient height to allow the saddle of the lathe to pass freely
along, under such table.
For the purpose of planing, a vertical plate is bolted upon the top of the table,
so that the surface of the vertical plate is at a right angle with a line across the
top of the cast iron table, and parallel with the length of the lathe bed. Upon
this vertical plate the object to be planed is secured. An upright slide is secured
to the saddle of the lathe, which slide is parallel vertically with the surface of the
vertical plate herein before mentioned. Upon this slide the tool-holder works, and
as the saddle of the lathe is actuated by the main screw of the lathe, the necessary
motion is thereby given to the tool-holder.
A vertical screw passes from the top to the bottom of the upright slide, which
screw has a hand wheel at the top for the purpose of moving the tool holder, and
at the bottom of the vertical screw is a bevil wheel, geared into a similar bevil
wheel, on the end of a short horizontal shaft, at the other extremity of which shaft
is a ratchet wheel, which ratchet wheel is actuated by catches, fixed at the required
distance on the side of the table, for the purpose of actuating the planing feed
automatically. For the purpose of planing a surface in a direction horizontally
across the table, the screw across the saddle of the lathe has a ratchet wheel fixed
upon the end of such screw at the back of the lathe, and the ratchet wheel is
actuated by catches, with which it comes in contact at the required part of its
traverse.
Instead of the upright slide for holding the planing tool holder, as herein before
described, I may make use of two uprights standing up from the saddle of the
lathe, one at each side of the table, and a cross slide for the tool-holder between
the two uprights.
For the purpose of reversing the action of the saddle when it has travelled a
sufficient distance, I make use of drums with two belts, one straight and the other
crossed, which are shifted automatically by the traverse of the saddle, or I fix at
the end of the main screw of the lathe two bevil wheels, one small and one larger,
so that the small one may be placed within the space inside the ring formed by the
teeth of the larger one. The larger bevil wheel is actuated by another bevil wheel
which is fixed upon a hollow shaft at right angles to the screw of the lathe, and
the smaller bevil wheel is actuated by another bevil wheel keyed upon a shaft
which passes through the hollow shaft herein before mentioned. Between the pulleys
actuating these bevil wheels is a loose pulley.

page_text: The bevil wheels for actuating the screw are alternately brought into gear by
a long rod which passes through a bearing in the saddle of the lathe, and upon
this rod collars are placed and fixed by set screws in the position required to
reverse the action of the main screw when the traverse has been effected.
A hardened steel hoop is placed upon the hollow shaft to which one of the bevil
wheels is fixed to receive the thrust of a steel centre placed upon the end of the
main screw.
For the purpose of fluting, and shaping in circles, I secure two headstocks to the
table, and between the centres of these headstocks the object to be shaped or fluted
is fixed.
In order to enable my invention to be fully understood, I will proceed to described
the same with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which
Figure 1 represents an elevation of an ordinary lathe at one end of which the
operation of turning or boring may take place, and at the other end is applied my
improved apparatus for planing.
Figure 2 represents a plan of the same as Figure 1.
Figure 3 represents a side elevation of my improved planing apparatus-as
attached to the saddle of an ordinary lathe.
Figure 4 represents a modification of my planing apparatus, applied to an ordinary
lathe, in which a cross-slide with two uprights are made use of.
• Figures 5 and 6, are an end elevation and sectional elevation respectively, of the
apparatus employed for reversing the action of the main screw of a lathe, to which
my planing apparatus is applied.
Figures 7 and 8 are an elevation, and a plan respectively, of the apparatus
employed in conjunction with my planing apparatus-when applied to an ordinary
lathe for fluting shaping in circles or the like operations.
Similar letters refer to similar parts in Figures 1, 2, 3 4, 5 and 6.
The bed of an ordinary lathe is represented at A, and upon this bed is firmly
secured the table B-Upon the table B is bolted an L plate C which has therefore
one side standing up vertically, and to this vertical side the object to be planed is
temporarily fixed.
The upright slide, upon which the tool holder D travels, is represented at E, and
the tool holder can be raised, lowered, or adjusted as required, by means of the
hand wheel F, attached to the screw which actuates the tool holder, or when it is
desired to make the planing feed self acting, a ratchet wheel and catch at the end
of the short shaft G is brought into gear, so that the catch engages with stops placed
in the required position at the side of the lathe bed, and these stops move the
ratchet wheel one or more teeth as required, thus turning the small bevil wheels
geared together at H and moving the tool holder at each traverse of the saddle of
the lathe as far as may be required to give the necessary cut for the tool J.
The upright slide E which carries the tool holder, is fixed upon the saddle of the
lathe K and moves with it as it is actuated by the main screw of the lathe L. The
plate C, upon which the object to be planed is fixed, remains stationary, but
the upright slide E carrying the tool holder, and fixed to the saddle of the lathe K,
receives the necessary reciprocating motion required for the process of planing from
the main screw of the lathe, and a clear space under the table B, which is supported
upon feet resting upon the bed of the lathe, admits of the passage of the saddle
along the bed.
To give the required reversing motion to the main screw of the lathe and thereby
to the saddle carrying the tool holder, a long rod M is carried in brackets along the
side of the lathe, and terminates in a lever N which actuates the belt fork O. This
long rod has collars P and P¹ fixed upon it by means of set screws, so that when
the brackets under the saddle of the lathe come in contact with these collars they
move the long rod and thereby the belt fork a sufficient distance to remove the
belt from one pulley to another, and thus to cause the screw to revolve in the
opposite direction.

page_text: screw of the lathe is driven alternately in opposite directions by means
of two bevil wheels, both of which are fixed to the end of the screw. The larger
bevil wheel gears into a smaller bevil wheel, Q¹, fixed upon a hollow shaft Q³
and driven by the pulley Q2. The loose pulley is shown at R.
The smaller bevil wheel S fixed also upon the main screw of the lathe, gears into
the small bevil wheel S¹ fixed upon the shaft S2 which passes through the hollow
shaft, and is driven by the pulley S³.-The pulleys Q and S³ are both driven by
the same belt, in the same direction but the small bevil wheels Q¹ and S¹ gearing
upon opposite sides of the two bevil wheels S and Q drive them in opposite direc-
tions.
When the tool is taking a cut, the larger wheel Q is in gear, which drives
the screw slowly, but when the saddle is required to run back for the purpose of
and preparatory to taking a fresh cut, the smaller bevil wheel S is brought into
operation, by means of the reversing gear, as described, whereby the screw is caused
to revolve very quickly, and the saddle to run back much faster than when the tool
is cutting.
A modification of the planing apparatus is represented at Figure 4 in which
there are two uprights E fixed to the saddle K of the lathe. A cross slide T carries
the tool holder D. The table B is fixed to the bed A. of the lathe, and to this bed
the object to be planed is fixed, and remains stationary during the process of planing.
The tool box moves with the saddle of the lathe, and the reversing motion is effected
in the manner hereinbefore described.
I do not confine myself to the method of reversing the action of the main screw
of the lathe as described, as I can obtain a similar result by the use of two belts,
one straight, and the other crossed, driving two pulleys alternately in opposite
directions, which device is frequently used for screw cutting lathes.
In Figures 1 and 2 the lathe is so arranged that the process of turning may
proceed simultaneously with the process of planing. The fast or fixed head of the
lathe is shown at U, and the pulleys of different speeds at V, the face-plate at W
and a small cylindrical casting with two flanges X, one of which flanges is being
faced by the tool Y, fixed in the slide rest Z.
The slide rest adapted for use with the combined lathe and planing machine, is
of peculiar construction, and will either hold the tool as shown in the drawing for
facing, or by taking off the cramps A¹ and replacing them, with the screws, in a
position at right angles to that which they now occupy, the tool can be held in
a position for turning, or sliding the outside of cylindrical objects. The slide rest
may be worked by hand, or by means of a ratchet-wheel and catch C¹, the catch
being worked by a lever connected by a chain to an eccentric stud fixed in a disc,
on the end of an overhead countershaft, or by any similar device.
The slide rest is fixed upon the table B, when it is required that the process of
turning shall proceed simultaneously with the process of planing and when the
loose head B¹ is required to be used at the same time, such loose head is also fixed
upon the table B.
For the purpose of shaping the outside of objects in circles, I either drive the
object upon a mandril, and support the mandril upon the centres of two loose head-
stocks, fixed upon the table, and shape the object by means of the planing apparatus
hereinbefore described or I make use of the apparatus represented in Figures 7
and 8 in which D¹ is a loose head-stock, fixed upon the table K¹, herein before
described. E¹ is an expanding mandril, or chuck which is of conical form, and
into three equidistant slots in the sides of the cone are inserted tapering plates of
steel, the edges of which plates project slightly above the sides of the cone, and are
made in the form of steps, to take different sizes of rings. These steel plates can
be forced apart by means of the set screw L' and the object F is thereby tightly
held upon the edges of the three steel plates during the operation of shaping the
outside thereof, which operation is performed by means of the planing apparatus
hereinbefore described.
The object to be shaped, may be turned round as it is being operated upon, either
by hand gear, or by means of a ratched wheel G upon the end of the shaft M-

page_text: which is actuated by a lever which is lifted at every traverse of the lathe bed by
means of the inclined plate H¹ which can be set at any required angle, to give more
or less motion at each cut to the ratchet. This form of the apparatus may also be
used for fluting rollers and wheel cutting.
Having thus particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is
1. The apparatus as described, consisting of the table, the upright slide for
carrying the tool holder, and the apparatus for reversing the action of the screw
of the lathe, all substantially as described, for the purpose of enabling the process
of turning and planing to proceed simultaneously, or separately, as desired; such
apparatus to be applied to an ordinary lathe; and the method of actuating the
above apparatus substantially in the manner described.
2. The apparatus for shaping in circles, or fluting or the like operations, substan-
tially as described.