Improvements in Revolving Tools or Cutters for Grooving Wood.
Year: 1895

page_text: Date of Application, 5th Apr., 1895
Complete Specification Left, 6th Jan., 1896-Accepted, 29th Feb., 1896
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Revolving Tools or Cutters for Grooving Wood.
.
I, JOHN HOLDEN of 101, Carr Road, Nelson, in the County of Lancaster,
Contractor and Builder, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
This invention relates to a novel and universal tool or cutter to be fixed to
the revolving shaft, spindle, or the like of wood planing, sawing, turning, or
cutting machinery, for the purpose of grooving wood, in such a manner that the
said tool, by means of a simple adjustment, will cut grooves of various widths,
without the necessity of substituting fresh tools.
The said tool or cutter, I form with teeth after the manner of a cockscomb or
the segment of a circular saw. The cockscomb or cutting portion stands up
vertically from a base, which is at right angles to it. In the said base I form
radial or other slots, one on each side of such base, and by set screws it is thereby
secured to the rotary portion of the wood working or cutting machinery.
If the said tool be set straight or in a vertical plane with the axis or shaft on
which it is mounted, and if it be an eighth of, an inch thick, it will cut a groove
only of that thickness.
It will be
By means of the said base and radial slots, I am enabled, however, to adjust the
said cutter, so that it may be turned to stand at an angle with the axis or shaft of
wood working machinery other than merely at right angles to it.
obvious, that the greater the angularity at which the said cutter or tool is adjusted
or set, and the wider will be the formation of the groove. This is an essential
feature of my invention.
I will instance the application of my improved groove cutting tool to a planing
machine, Instead of employing a number of groove cutting tools for divers
grooves, I substitute my improved cutter, which I fix on the cutter drum of the
Before
machine in the position formerly occupied by the ordinary blade cutter.
starting the machine, 1 load my groove cutter with lead so as to balance the cutter
drum. Any groove may now be cut, by the angular adjustment of my improved
groove cutter on its base, the greater the angle the wider the groove. If desired, the
groove cutter may be provided with a stud, which may fit into a hole in the cutter
drum, so that it will always occupy the same position with the axis whatever the
angular adjustment. The groove cutter or the cutter dram may be graduated to
indicate the width of the groove to be cut.
Dated this 4th day of April 1895
F. RICHMOND,
12, Standish Street, Burnley, Agent for the Applicant.

page_text: Improvements in Revolving Tools or Cutters for Grooving Wood.
I, JOHN HOLDEN of 101, Carr Road, Nelson, in the County of Lancaster,
Contractor and Builder, do hereby declare the nature of this invention, and in
what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement:-
This invention relates to a novel and universal tool or cutter to be fixed to
the revolving shaft, spindle or the like of wood planing, sawing, turning, or
cutting machinery, for the purpose of grooving wood, in such a manner that the
said tool by means of a simple adjustment will cut grooves of various widths,
without the necessity of substituting fresh tools.
The said tool or cutter I form with. teeth after the manner of a cockscomb or
the segment of a circular saw. The cockscomb or cutting portion stands up
vertically from a base, which is at right angles to it. In the said base I form radial
or other slots, one on each side of such base, and by set screws it is thereby
secured to the rotary portion of the wood working or cutting machinery.
If the said tool be set straight or in a vertical plane with the axis or shaft on
which it is mounted, and if it be an eighth of an inch thick, it will cut a groove
only of that thickness. By means of the said base and radial slots, I am enabled,
however, to adjust the said cutter, so that it may be turned to stand at an angle
with the axis or shaft of wood working machinery other than merely at right
angles to it. It will be obvious, that the greater the augularity at which the said
cutter or tool is adjusted or set, and the wider will be the formation of the groove.
This is an essential feature of my invention.
I will instance the application of my improved groove cutting tool to a planing
machine. Instead of employing a number of groove cutting tools for divers
grooves, I substitute my improved cutter, which I fix on the cutter drum of the
machine in the position formerly occupied by the ordinary blade cutter. Before
starting the machine, I load my groove cutter with lead so as to balance the cutter
drum. Any groove may now be cut by the angular adjustment of my improved
cutter on its base, the greater the angle the wider the groove. If desired, the
groove cutter may be provided with a stud, which may fit into a hole in the cutter
drum, so that it will always occupy the same position relatively with the axis,
whatever the angular adjustment. The groove cutter or cutter drum may be
graduated to indicate the width of the groove to be cut.
In the accompanying drawings, Fig. 1 is a front elevation, and Fig. 2 a side
elevation of a revolving tool or cutter for cutting various widths of grooves,
constructed in accordance with my invention.
A is the quadrant, segmental or cockscomb cutter, formed with saw teeth, and
having a base or L bracket B, the bottom of the base being at right angles to
it. Cutter A is secured to its base B by bolts and nuts C, and to permit of vertical
adjustment the cutter is provided with slots D, if desired, or round holes only
may be used.
In fastening the cutter to its base, I preferably insert a piece of glass or sand
paper, doubling the smooth faces together, and leaving the rough surfaces to come
against the faces of the cutter and base or flange respectively, so that when
tightened by nuts, the sand paper forms a serrated packing, which absolutely
prevents the slightest displacement of the cutter.
The base of the cutter is secured to the cutter spindle E by a bolt having au
expanding head F, which fits into the usual dovetail or V groove of the cutter
drum, in the same way as in fixing ordinary cutters. The base may either have
a slot or a circular hole.
When the cutter is set as illustrated in Fig. 1 in a direct vertical plane with the

page_text: revolving spindle or cutter drum, it will only cut a groove of the thickness of the
cutter or saw blade, but the novelty or essential feature of my invention consists,
however, in so arranging and mounting, constructing and adapting my cutter A
on its base, and in such position with the revolving cutter drum, that it is capable
of cutting various widths of grooves, without the necessity of substituting fresh
tools. This will be apparent by reference to Fig. 3.
My improved cockscomb, quadrant or segmental cutter A is so arranged and
adapted as to be capable of being turned along with its base B upon the bolt or
etud F as upon an axis or pivot after the uut G has been loosenel, whereby it will
cut grooves of a width corresponding to the divergence or angle, at which the
cutter may be set with the horizontal or vertical spindle or drum of wood cutting
machinery. The variation in the angle between the first leading tooth and the
rear tooth of the cutter will accurately indicate the width of groove. Fig. 3
clearly illustrates my improved revolving cutter A and its base B being set ut
various angles, as shewn in dotted lines.
To prepare the cutter for its work, I would suggest that it be first fixed on the
revolving bed, block, shaft or spindle at right angles to the shaft. The cutter may
now be set or turned slightly to cut a groove say half an inch wide. The cutter
may now be breasted at this angle and sharpened up, care being taken to give the
leading tooth a slight bevel or lead, whilst the last tooth must also be beveled or
filed back on the face of the cutter, so as to clean cut the sides of the groove, and
prevent the burring or jarring of the timber whilst cutting. The cutter I would
prefer to be hollow ground with a slight set on the teeth, so as to give easy
clearance.
The base of the cutter may be of brass, malleable iron or any other bard metal.
The cutter may be of any suitable dimensions.
Figs. 4 and 5 represent a modification of my invention, which consists in making
the cutter and its base all in one piece out of solid steel, the base being bent at
right angles to the cutter, the method of fixing to the cutter drum being as before
described.
From the foregoing description of my invention, it will be evident that my
invention may be also used for tonguing various thicknesses by turning the cutter as
in ploughing and grooving, two cutters being employed to cut the wood or material
away on both sides of the tongue.
Lastly I wish it to be understood, that I am perfectly aware that segmental or
quadrant cutters have previously been employed for cutting wood, but no such
cutters have been devised that would cut various and different widths of grooves
without the substitution of fresh tools, which is the purpose and object of my
invention.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is.
1. The revolving quadrant, segmental or cockscomb cutter A mounted on
base B, by which it is fixed to the revolving spindle or drum of wood cutting.
machinery, and constructed, arranged, formed, and adapted, so as to be adjustably
set at an angle with the cutter drum, for cutting various widths of grooves without
substituting fresh tools, substantially as described and illustrated in Figs. 1, 2,
and 3.
2. The modification shewn in Figs. 4 and 5, substantially as and for the purpose
described and set forth.
Dated this 4th day of January 1896
F. RICHMOND,
12, Standish Street, Buruley, Agent for the Applicant.