Improvements in Apparatus for Spinning and Doubling Cotton and other Fibrous Substances
Year: 1894

page_text: Date of Application, 26th Oct., 1894
Complete Specification Left, 25th July, 1895-Accepted, 31st Aug., 1895
46
Improvements in Apparatus for Spinning and Doubling Cotton
and other Fibrous Substances"
I THOMAS ASHWORTH of Lynwood, Urmston, near Manchester in the County of
Lancaster, Machinist, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
This invention relates to a novel construction of spindle and flyer for spinning and
doubling cotton and other fibrous substances in the form of cops upon a paper or
other tube or spool, the objects of the invention being to obtain a very high velocity
without liability to vibration and to regulate the "drag" upon the spindle so as to
produce a perfectly even yarn.
The improved spindle is somewhat like a mule spindle being parallel or cylindrical
in the central portion and tapered at top and bottom, the upper end being formed
with a bulb or enlargement almost equal in diameter to the central portion so as to
allow of a parallel tube or spool being fitted closely thereon so as to grip the spindle.
This tube which forms the bobbin or spool on which the yarn is wound is preferably
a split tube with its edges overlapping so as to be elastic and its upper end may be
provided with a projecting rim or disc to keep the yarn off the sides of the cop. The
yarn may be wound direct onto this elastic tube or spool which in that case is doffed
with the cop, or a paper tube may be used outside the spool and the yarn wound upon
the paper tube.
The flyer consists of a short cylindrical tube with a trumpet shaped mouth or cup
at the top provided with a flange.
The trumpet shaped cup is formed to fit the nose of the cop, and at or near the
lower end of the cylindrical tube is fixed or formed a wharve to receive the driving
band.
A notch is made through the flange of the cup leading to an eye for threading in
the yarn, and on the opposite side of the cup is a wire twirl like that of a throstle
flyer through which the yarn also passes, the yarn bearing against the outside of the
trumpet between the two points so as to obtain the requisite amount of friction or
tension.
The lower end of the flyer tube fits and revolves inside and is supported by a
perforated ring which itself revolves freely in a recess in the base of the oil cup, the
latter forming a portion of a bolster which is screwed into the fixed rail of the frame.
The lower portion of the bolster is bored out and bushed to fit the cylindrical part
of the spindle which revolves and rises and falls therein. The upper portion of the
bolster is fitted with, or forms, a long collar larger in diameter than the spindle and
fitted at its upper end with a loose revolving ring which supports the upper portion
of the tubular flyer just beneath the cone or trumpet.
The spindle does not touch the inside of the long collar there being a cylindrical

page_text: cavity between them and the outside of the long collar does not touch the inside of
the flyer tube which is carried by the two revolving rings above mentioned so that the
friction is reduced to a minimum and at the same time no oil can ascend so as to
damage the yarn.
The bottom edge of the wharve is lower than the top edge of the oil cup which
latter is undercut on the inside so as to prevent any oil from being thrown out at this
point.
"
Below the bolster is a rail or bar having a to-and-fro or oscillating motion imparted
to it, which rail is provided with a series of oil holders (one to each spindle) and each
oil holder has projecting from it a wick which is always kept moistened with the oil.
Each time the rail or bar moves to and fro it applies the oiled wick to the spindle
and thus lubricates it, and this wick also acts as a drag" in the following manner.
The to and fro motion of the rail or bar is so regulated that the wicks are pressed
against the spindles at the moment when the yarn is being wound onto the largest
diameter of the cop and are gradually withdrawn as it reaches the smaller diameter
so that the "drag" is always proportioned to the "pull" of the yarn.
Above the lifting rail I also fix on the spindle an elastic wing or vane preferably of
india rubber which is so formed that it can be sprung onto the spindle, and readily
changed when required. This also forms an atmospheric drag to regulate the speed
of the spindle.
When commencing a fresh set of cops the spindle is in its lowest position and the
base of the cop is wound on the upper part thereof inside the trumpet mouth of the
flyer. As the spinning or doubling proceeds the spindles rise up and the cop is built
downwards onto the spindle the nose of the cop being in the cup.
When the doffing takes place the end of the yarn becomes wound round the point
of the spindle and when the split tube or spool is placed thereon it holds the end
tightly and breaks it off the cop.
"Improvements in Apparatus for Spinning and Doubling Corton
and other Fibrous Substances"
I THOMAS ASHWORTH of Lynwood, Urmston, near Manchester, in the County of
Lancaster, Machinist, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in
and by the following statement :—
This invention relates to a novel construction of spindle and flyer for spinning and
doubling cotton and other fibrous substances in the form of cops upon a paper or other
tube or spool, the objects of the invention being to obtain a very high velocity, with-
out liability to vibration, and to regulate the "drag " upon the spindle so as to produce
a perfectly even yarn.
The nature of my said invention and the manner in which the same is to be
performed or carried into practical effect will be readily understood on reference to
the annexed sheet of drawings and the following explanation thereof.
Fig. 1 is an elevation Fig. 2 a section of a spindle and flyer constructed according
to my invention, and Fig. 3 is a section of a modification of the same. The remaining
figs. are detached views hereinafter more particularly referred to.
The improved spindle a (Fig. 1) is somewhat like a mule spindle being parallel or
cylindrical in the central portion and tapered at top and bottom; the upper end

page_text: being formed with a bulb or enlargement at a¹ almost equal in diameter to the central
portion, so as to lighten the top of the spindle and to allow of a parallel tube or
spool 6 being fitted loosely thereon so as to grip the spindle; or in some cases make
the upper part of the spindle parallel or nearly so and I lighten the same by drilling
a hole down from the top as shown at Fig. 2; and if preferred the tube b which forms
the bobbin or spool on which the yarn is wound may be a split tube of thin steel
with its edges overlapping so as to be elastic and its upper edge may be provided if
necessary with a projecting rim or disc to keep the yarn off the sides of the cop, but
in most cases I find this unnecessary, and I employ a plain cylindrical paper tube.
The yarn is wound direct onto the tube or spool 6 which is doffed with the cop.
The flyer consists of a short cylindrical tube c with a trumpet-shaped mouth or
cup c+ at the top provided with a flange d as shown at Figs. 1 and 2 or sometimes I
shorten the tube c and I place the flange d nearer to the bottom as shown at Fig. 1a
to diminish vibration. The trumpet shaped cup c+ is formed to fit the nose of the
cop (the base of which is at the top as shown by the dotted lines) and at or near the
lower end of the cylindrical tube c is fixed or formed a wharve e to receive the driving
band. A notch f (see Fig. 1) is made through the flange d of the cup leading to an
eye g for threading in the yarn, and at a suitable distance therefrom may be a similar
eye (or a twirl like that of a throstle flyer) through which the yarn may also pass, the
yarn bearing against the outside of the tube or cup between the two points, so as to
obtain the requisite amount of “drag” or tension.
The lower end of the flyer tube c fits and revolves inside and is supported by a
loose ringh (preferably perforated) which itself revolves freely in a recess in the
base of the oil cup i (see Fig. 2) the latter forming a portion of a bolster it which
is screwed and bolted into the fixed rail k of the frame.
The lower portion of this bolster is or may be bored out and bushed to fit the
cylindrical part of the spindle a which revolves and rises and falls therein. The
upper portion of the bolster above the oil cupi (see Fig. 2) is fitted with or forms a
long collar larger in diameter than the spindle a and fitted at its upper end with a
loose revolving ring h+.(see also enlarged view Fig. 2a) which supports the upper
portion of the tubular flyer c just beneath the cone or trumpet (c+.
The spindle a does not touch the inside of the long collar it there being a
cylindrical cavity between them, and the outside of the long-collar does not touch
the inside of the flyer tube .c. which is carried by the two revolving rings h and h+
above mentioned, so that the friction is reduced to a minimum and at the same time
no oil can ascend so as to damage the yarn.
The bottom of the edge of the wharve e (see Fig. 2) is lower than the top edge of
the oil cup, which datter is preferably undercut on the inside, so as to prevent oil
from being thrown out at this point.
Below the bolster + is a rail or bar having a to-and-fro oscillating horizontal
motion imparted thereto, which rail may form a thollow trough from end to end, or
'be provided with a series of oil holders (one to each spindle) as shown in plan view
at Fig. 2b, and near to each spindle is formed a notch from which projects a loop of
wick m which is always kept moistened by the oil in the trough or rail l.
Each time the rail / moves to-and-fro it applies the oiled wicks m to the spindles a
and thus lubricates them, and this wick m also acts as a drag in the following
manner.
"
دو
The to-and-fro motion of the rail or bar is so regulated that the loops of wick are
pressed against the spindles a at the moment when the yarn is being wound onto
the largest diameter of the cop, and are gradually withdrawn as it reaches the smaller
diameter so that the "drag" is always proportioned to the "pull" of the yarn. To
make this action more certain I prefer to place a light spring m+ at the back of each
loop (see Fig. 2b).
Above the lifting rail n I also fix on the lower part of the spindle a an elastic wing
or vane o (Fig. 2) preferably of india rubber, which is so formed that it may be.
sprung or forced onto the spindle, and readily removed or changed when required.
This forms an atmospheric "drag to regulate the speed or drag of the spindle.
""

page_text: When commencing a fresh set of cops the spindle a is in its lowest position and
the base of the cop is wound on the upper part of the tube b inside the trumpet
mouth cof the flyer. As the spinning or doubling proceeds the spindles a rise up
and the cop is built downwards on the tube or spool 6 the nose of the cop being
inside the cup c+.
When the doffing takes place the end of the yarn becomes wound round the point
of the spindle, and when the fresh tube or spool is placed thereon it holds the end
tightly and breaks it off the cop. I prefer to fix a small brass ring or ferrule p
(see Fig. 2) on the spindle a to support the lower end of the tube or spool b.
Fig. 3 shows how by a slight modification this invention may be adapted to frames
provided with tubular spindles a+ revolving round fixed studs or pins p¹. In such
a case prefer to provide the lower ends of the tubular spindles with loose ferrules q
(see enlarged detached views Fig. 3a) with bayonet slots + so that they can be fixed
in the footsteps r and prevent the tubular spindles from being lifted when doffing the
cops.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is
First The general novel construction and arrangement of spindles and flyers for
spinning and doubling cotton and other fibrous substances substantially as hereinbefore
described and illustrated by the drawings annexed.
:
Secondly I claim the combination of a short tubular flyer with a cup or trumpet
shaped mouth at the top provided with a flange, with a fixed collar or bolster formed
with an oil cup, the said tubular flyer being carried at top and bottom on loose rings
so that it can run freely and provided with a wharve to receive a driving band
substantially as shown and described.
Thirdly I claim the means or apparatus for lubricating the spindles of spinning
and doubling frames consisting of a hollow reciprocating rail or bar for containing
oil in which is placed a wick, loops of which project through notches in the side
of the rail or bar and apply the oil to the spindles substantially as shown and
described, and
Fourthly I claim the combination with the spindles of spinning and doubling
frames, of adjustable and removable flexible vanes substantially as described for
forming an atmospheric "drag" to regulate the speed and drag of the spindles.
Dated this 24th day of July 1895.