IMPROVEMENTS IN Trenz
Year: 1870

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James Davis and William Naslı Davis, both of
Hemel Hempstead, in the County of Hertford, Agricultural
Implement Makers, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
Trenz
THE
"
Scaled the 17th May 1870, and dated the 17th March 1870.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James Davis and
William Nash Davis at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 17th March 1870.
We, JAMES DAVIS and WILLIAM NASH DAVIS, both of Hemel
Hempstead, in the County of Hertford, Agricultural Implement Makers,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE CONSTRUCTION OF TWO-FURROW PLOUGHS AND IN OTHER TILLING IMPLEMENTS,"
to be as follows:-
This Invention relates, firstly, to a mode of mounting the shares,
breasts, and coulters of two-furrow ploughs and the cutting instruments
of other tilling implements so as to facilitate the raising of the same out
of the ground before turning at the land's end and lowering them into
work after turning.

page_text: .
And, secondly. To an arrangement for facilitating the turning of wheel
ploughs and other implements.
Taking the two-furrow plough as an illustration of the Invention, the
ploughing instruments are mounted on a frame composed of two parallel
beams properly braced together and having attached to the rear end a
forked handle for guiding the plough. The forward end of the frame is
bent upwards and the extremities of the bars are secured to a slotted
eross bar which receives a vertical standard carried by the fore wheels of
the plough. This standard is pierced with holes to receive an adjusting
bolt which secures it at any desired position to the cross bar, which
position determines the depth of cut to be made by the plough. Jointed
to the plough frame is the draught bar which is forked at its forward end
and provided with eyes to receive the lower end of the standard. This
standard forms also a swivel joint for the fore axle or cross bar, to the
extremities of which the fore wheels are fitted adjustably. The slotted
cross bar is embraced by the forked end of a hand lever which is
connected by a link to the draught bar. This link forms a fulcrum for
the lever to work on. Upon the lever is mounted a lever rod which
operates the bolt that secures the standard in position. The rod is
extended rearwards to enable the attendant to withdraw and shoot the
bolt at pleasure. The near beam of the plough frame is extended
rearward and fitted with a trailing wheel which running obliquely
in the furrow takes the lateral thrust of the plough. The plough bodies
are cast with slot holes to receive the screw bolts that connect them
to the frame, whereby a lateral adjustment of the ploughs is provided.
It will now be understood that when it is desired to lift the ploughs
out of the ground for the purpose of turning the implement it will only
be necessary to withdraw the bolt and depress the hand lever, the head of
the plough frame will thus be raised. When the shares have cleared the
ground, the bolt is to be shot to secure them in their raised position and
the plough is then free to be turned on its carrying wheels.
To facilitate the steering operation we provide a horizontal hand wheel
or its equivalent, which by actuating a pinion in gear with a rack on the
draught cross bar will alter the line of draught, thus giving the plough
steerage way, either to the land or off side as desired.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said James Davis and William Nash Davis in the Great
Scal Patent Office on the 17th September 1870.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, JAMES
DAVIS and WILLIAM NASH DAVIS, both of Hemel Hempstead, in the
County of Hertford, Agricultural Implement Makers, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Seventeenth day of March, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy, in the
thirty-third year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto us, the said James Davis and William Nash Davis,
Her special licence that we, the said James Davis and William Nash
Davis, our executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as
we, the said James Davis and William Nash Davis, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and
no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
CONSTRUCTION OF TWO-FURROW PLOUGHS AND IN OTHER TILLING IMPLEMENTS," upon
the condition (amongst others) that we, the said James Davis and William
Nash Davis, our executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing
under our, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly
describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in
what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same
to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said James Davis and William Nash
Davis, do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement, reference being had to
the Drawing hereunto annexed, and to the letters and figures marked
thereon (that is to say) :-
Our Invention relates to an improved system of leverage and steerage
having for their object the efficient working of two-furrow ploughs and
other tilling implements, and whereby they may be raised out of work

page_text: the greatest facility.
The steerage arrangement gives the attendant control over the plough
when in its work either to the right or left, while it allows the horses to
lock the fore wheels in turning without any difficulty.
The Figures in the accompanying Drawing represent as an illustration
of our Invention a two-furrow plough constructed according to our
improvements.
Fig. 1 is a side elevation of the plough; Fig. 2 is a plan view of the
same; and Fig. 3 is an end elevation or back view of the plough.
A, A, is the framing, to which the plough bodies B, B¹, are secured by
nuts and bolts. The framing consists (in the fore part) of two parallel
lengths or beams coupled by a slotted guide bar A¹ and which are closely
connected opposite the hinder plough, the extremity of the near beam
forming the near handle while the extremity of the off beam is cranked
and slotted to receive the adjusting axle of the trailing wheel C. D is a
curved draught bar hinged by a stay d to the frame A opposite the centre of
the first plough; the fore end of this draught bar is forked, and the prongs
which stand in a vertical plane have eyes formed at their extremities to
receive a locking pin E. This locking pin E passes through a bar E¹, to
which the forward wheels E³, E³, of the plough are connected and which
constitutes with the draught bar D the wheel carriage. The locking
pin E extends upwards and it serves as a guide to the beams when raised
and lowered by passing through the slotted guide bar A¹ before mentioned.
The share and mould board of the plough B are so attached to the
frame A as to allow of their receiving a lateral adjustment, by means of
which furrows of different widths can be ploughed. This is effected by
providing slotted holes in the plough body for the reception of the
coupling bolts, the furrow wheels also being set so that their rims run
against the edges of their respective furrows (a share is sometimes made
use of having a strengthening rib on its upper near side). F is a hand
lever, which has for its fulcrum a vibrating standard F pivotted to the
draught bar D. This hand lever is constructed on the stay bar principle,
and its forward extremities terminate in eyes which embrace rounded
portions of the guide bar A¹. This lever is made of sufficient length to
be worked by the attendant while walking between the plough handles;
its use is to raise and lower the plough out of and into the ground. This

page_text: lever carries a sliding rod f, which is connected at its forward end with a
hook or catch f¹ that takes on to a projection formed on a collar e which
is fitted to the locking pin E. The object of this hook or catch f¹ is to
prevent the frame A from rising while the plough is at work and thereby
to keep the ploughshares down to their proper level. To adjust the
amount of depression of the ploughs, the collar e is used. This collar is
made fast by a clamping screw to the prolonged end of the locking
pin E, and upon it bears the guide bar A' which forms the termination of
the plough frame A.
It will now be understood that when it is desired to raise the ploughs.
out of work at the end of a bout previous to turning the hand lever F is
to be drawn down. The attendant in grasping this lever will disengage
the hook from the projection on the collar e by means of the draw rod f
coming within his grasp, and thus the lever F will be left free to yield to
the downward pressure applied to its handle. The attendant in depressing
this handle will raise the forward end of the lever F, and by reason of
its connection with the frame A will lift that frame, the standard F
rocking to facilitate this movement of the lever.
It may here be remarked that provision is made for varying the length.
of stroke and consequently power obtainable through the lever F for
effecting this lifting operation. This consists in providing a means for
shifting the standard nearer to or further from the extremity of the lever
and of the draught bar. Fitting loosely over the locking pin E of the
fore carriage is a spur pinion G cast in one with a worm wheel G¹. This
pinion G gears into a segment rack H fitted to or forming one with the
draught link I, which is pivotted to a support projecting from the
transverse bar of the fore carriage as shown in the detached view, Fig. 4
in plan. In gear with the worm wheel G¹ is a worm K made fast to a
hollow rod K¹ extending to the rear end of the frame A and fitted at its
extremity with a hand wheel K. This rod K' turns in suitable bearings
on the frame A and as it is rotated by the hand wheel an axial motion
will be imparted to the wheel and pinion G, G¹. Supposing now
tension to be put on the draught chain by the pull of the horses,
the draught link I will while the pinion G is being turned act as
a purchase and the pinion will thereby be caused to roll over the
segment rack, and in doing so throw the line of draught to the right or
left as the case may be, and thus the steering of the plough will be
effected.

page_text: In order to prevent the oscillation of the cross bar of the fore carriage
while the plough is in work we apply to the cross bar a hinged catch L,
which grasps the draught bar and thus retains the wheels in their
position (as in a fixed wheel plough) when traversing the land. Below
this catch L is hinged a lever M, which is connected by a link or chain m
to the hand lever F. When the forward end of this lever is raised,
disengaging the hook f¹ for the purpose above described, the hinged
lever M will be caused to lift the catch L clear of the draught bar D and
thus leave the carriage free to turn.
Having now set forth the nature of our Invention of "Improvements
in the Construction of Two-furrow Ploughs and in other Tilling
Implements, and explained the manner of carrying the same into effect,
we wish it to be understood that under the above in part recited Letters
Patent we claim,―
First. Arranging the fulcrum of the lifting and depressing lever on the
draught bar or the rear of the fore carriage, and connecting the lever
with the plough frame in the manner and for the purpose above
described.
Secondly. The arrangement of steering gear above described whereby
we are enabled to obtain a purchase for the steering from the draught
link or its equivalent.
In witness whereof, we, the said James Davis and William Nash
Davis, have hereunto set our hands and seals, the Fifteenth
day of September, in the year of our Lord One thousand
eight hundred and seventy.