Improvements in Means for Producing Objects of Glass, or for Ornamenting Sheets of Glass.
Year: 1893

page_text: Date of Application, 11th May, 1893-Accepted, 17th June, 1893
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Means for Producing Objects of Glass, or for
Ornamenting Sheets of Glass.
I, PAUL SIEVERT of Döhlen near Dresden in the Kingdom of Saxony, German
Empire, Glass Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in
what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement :-
In the English Patent granted to me dated October 6th 1892, No. 17848, I
described a process, by which flat objects were stamped out of glass, and these
objects, whilst still adhering in a sheet, could be subjected to a grinding process
on one or both sides.
This process necessitated the use of rolls or plates provided on their face with
suitable projecting patterns, which formed the outline of the object to be produced,
and which projections, by the revolving of the roll or the pressing down of the
plate, entered the still plastic glass.
:
The present invention relates chiefly to the means for producing flat objects of
glass, and especially to the construction of the rollers or plates, and to the mani,
pulation and method of fastening, and of changing the parts forming the outlines,
to the rolls or plates.
' For this purpose, the rolls or plates are made in a skeleton or grid form, and
taper strips, which form the outlines of the objects, are fixed directly by means of
screws or pins, and indirectly by counter plates and screw bolts, on the skeleton
frame, roll, or plate.
The skeleton or grid arrangement offers the following substantial advantages:
The surface of the roll or plate being thus broken up or perforated, the reflected
heat from the glass sheet, over which the rolls travels, or upon which the plate is
pressed, acts on the roll or plate in a totally different manner, than when the plate
or roll surface is solid. The solid or plain upper surface is, by reason of its.
necessary thickness and solidity, always comparatively cool on the top, i.e., opposite
The hot glass sheet, and chills the latter, the plastic condition of which should not
be allowed to fall below a certain point, in order to impart a good shape to the
objects to be pressed out.
When the heat can rise through and permeate the roll or plate, it heats all parts
of the same uniformly, and thereby the necessary plasticity of the glass sheet is
not impaired. In addition, when employing the solid rolls or plates, the air
imprisoned in the spaces formed by the devices, acts prejudicially on the glass
sheet and on the surface of the stamped articles; whilst with the skeleton or grid
roll or plate, the air can escape through the multitudinous perforations.
When fixing the pattern to the rolls or plates, the skeleton or grid fraune also
offers substantial advantages. The taper pieces which are to form the outline of
the articles to be stamped, letters, numerals, figures, ornaments, etc., are easily
modelled in wood or other suitable material, and can then be cast from and fixed to
the grid plate or frame.
When making patterns for skeleton or grid rollers, the parts are made in some
flexible material, such as wax, tin, lead, etc., or in a composition, and then bent to.
the curve of the roll's surface, and the patterns in this bent form serve to cast
from, in some material capable of withstanding the heat of the glass sheet.
These pieces are then fixed to the skeleton surface of the roller.
It is obvious that the fitting of the skeleton or grid rollers or plates with
patterns, offers many advantages over the production of the rollers (or plates) and
dies in one piece.
Also, finishing off the sharp edges and sides of the dies with a file, to clean the

page_text: castings, or to renew them after long use, is made much easier, when the dies have
open spaces, and can be removed from the rolls or plates, than when die and roll are
all in one piece or casting. A most substantial advantage over the fixed dies is
gained by the movable kind, in that the different sorts of dies forming letters,
nuinerals, figures, ornaments, etc., can be turned and twisted about, so that some
devices little called for in business, can be removed from the roll or plate, and
replaced by figures, etc., more frequently used.
In addition, complete arrangements, or composite decorations in flat glass, can be
stamped out, these arrangements or decorations being built up on the skeleton
cylinder, from separate straight, corner, and centre pieces, arranged together, which
arrangements or composite decorations can be taken to pieces, and re-arranged with
the same pieces, in any convenient manner.
By thus stamping or pressing, by means of these dies mounted upon the skeleton
cylinder and frame, glass objects are produced having their underside flat, and the
edges of the pattern rounded. The articles thus produced are satisfactory to the
eye, inasmuch as they present a smooth rounded pattern on the upper surface with
no sharp edges.
The production of the rounded off pattern on the upper surface of these flat
stamped out objects, is effected merely by the pressure of the dies in the plastic
glass sheet, without any lateral pressure on the glass within the dies. This result
is favored by the perforations in the skeleton frame and roller, as the air (not
imprisoned) is free to escape through the open spaces in the cylinder or plate, and
consequently does not affect the surface of the glass, which rises between the
slanting walls of the dies, which direct it slightly inward, and round off the upper
surface.
It should be remarked that the means described, viz. :-the skeleton or grid
roller or plate with the taper dies thereon, may be advantageously used for
impressing figures, ornaments, letters, or numerals, in plastic sheets of glass down
to a certain depth, and afterwards grinding the sheets on one or both sides, so that
ornamented sheets are produced, which, by the sloping sides of such impressions,
will have a very handsome decorative and brilliant appearance.
The bars a forming the frame (see Fig. 1) can be made in any convenient shape,
either rectangular, as shewn, or of any other suitable angle, in regular or
irregular arrangement.
The plate is furnished with letters on the back which form (for example) the
word "patent."
The separate letters are formed by means of taper strips b. It is necessary, for
the formation of each letter, to use as many taper strips as the form of the letter
demands. For example, the letters "Pa" and "e," on account of the closed parts of
the same, require the strips b and b*, while the letters "t" and "n only require
one taper strip b.
"
By making the plate in grid or skeleton form, spaces c are provided between the
strips forming a letter and the plate, so that the air, during the pressing or rolling
operation, can escape through the spaces c, and also the radiating heat from the
glass surface can play upon the bars, and thus warm then through.
As shewn in Figs. 1 and 2, the strips may be secured by means of small screws d
to the bars a, which small screws piss through the bars, and then into the broad
base of the taper strips b b*.
A method of fastening the strips shewn in Figs. 5 and 6, can also be used, that
is to say: The strips b b forming the letters, figures, numerals, etc., are furnished
with cross bars e e*; from these cross bars rise the bolts ff*, which will be so
arranged as to pass through one or more spaces c in the plate. On the other side
of the plate, other cross bars g g* are placed upon the bolts, and screwed down
by means of nuts h h*.
It is easy to see that this kind of fastening is a rational one, as the necessity for
boring holes in the bars of the plate and the strips for screws is rendered
unnecessary.

page_text: Mounting and replacing the dies on the frame or skeleton plate is also rendered
easy of execution in this way.
The plate with the strips forming the articles, is used in the manner shewn in
Fig. 2, the strips being pressed into the hot plastic glass sheet, to wholly or
partially stamp out from, or to only impress their form in, the glass sheet.
All the foregoing, with respect to the manipulation and arrangement of the
skeleton or grid frame, and the method of fixing the dies, applies equally well to
the skeleton or grid framed roller shewn in Fig. 3 in isometrical view.
The skeleton or bar framework can be constructed from bars in any suitable
way, and the mounting (or fixing) of the dies forming the patterns can be directly
as Fig. 1 and e, or indirectly, as Figs. 5 and 6, applied to the surface of the
roller.
It is, however, self evident that the dies must be curved to correspond with the
curve of the cylinder.
Fig. 7 shews how the plastic glass mass o takes its flat underside and curved
upper surface when the dies bb* are pressed into it.
In Fig. 4 are shewn, by way of example, two composite figures formed of pieces,
of which the left hand one forms a frame, enclosing an oval opening, which frame
may be stamped out of the still plastic glass mass, or else the inner and outer
contours of the same are so far pressed into the glass surface, as to still form one
with the sheet, and then ground on one or both sides, to enable them to be cut
from the sheet by the grinding process, or to be otherwise easily removed.
The figure on the right hand is a decoration, A, to be used in combination
with letters, the strips forming this decoration, and the letters, serving to stamp
into the plastic glass mass, to decorate the same.
The strips of both patterns of Fig. 4 are mounted on the skeleton or grid
form of plate.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is:
-
For the purpose of producing objects or patterns from or in sheets of hot glass.
1. The application of a roller, the circumference of which is perforated, or is
of skeleton or grid form, and which is furnished with dies to form the outlines of
the pattern to be produced, substantially as described.
2. The application of a plate of skeleton or grid form, and furnished with dies
which form the outlines of the figures to be produced, substantially as and for the
purpose described.
3. Mounting the dies (which form the outlines of the figures to be produced
from a sheet of glass) on the skeleton or grid, by means of screws, or (to facilitate
removal) by means of cross bars and bolts and nuts, as described with reference to
Figs. 5 and 6.
4. The application of the skeleton or grid formed cylinder or plate furnished
with dies forming the patterns characterized in Claims 1 and 2, for impressing
ornaments, figures, letters, numerals, and the like, in the hot glass sheet, for the
purpose of decorating the same, substantially as described.
5. The construction or arrangement of decorative groups, out of single pieces,
mounted on the skeleton or grid form of roller or plate, which arrangement of
decorative groups may be varied at pleasure by changing the pieces, or inverting
them, substantially as described.
6. The means for producing patterns in sheets of glass substantially as herein
shewn and described.