OR IMPROVED MACHINERY FOR FORGING IRON AND STEEL CRANKED SHAFTS OR AXLES, AND OTHER ARTICLES OF LIKE Figure
Year: 1880

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Joseph Thomas Andrews, of Handsworth, in the County
of Stafford, Manager of Works, and Henry Cherry, of Aston, near Birmingham,
in the County of Warwick, Mechanical Engineer, for an Invention of "NEW
OR IMPROVED MACHINERY FOR FORGING IRON AND STEEL CRANKED SHAFTS
OR AXLES, AND OTHER ARTICLES OF LIKE Figure”
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Joseph Thomas Andrews and
Henry Cherry at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 19th
January 1880.
JOSEPH THOMAS ANDREWS, of Handsworth, in the County of Stafford, Manager
of Works, and HENRY CHERRY, of Aston, near Birmingham, in the County of
Warwick, Mechanical Engineer. "NEW OR IMPROVED MACHINERY FOR FORGING
IRON AND STEEL CRANKED SHAFTS OR AXLES, AND OTHER ARTICLES OF LIKE
FIGURE."
We construct a table carrying a suitable number of hydraulic cylinders. For
instance, for bending three throw cranks four cylinders suffice, for bending one
throw cranks two cylinders suffice. These hydraulic cylinders with their attach-
ments are arranged so as to be readily moveable on the table and adjustable at
varying distances from each other to suit varying dimensions of cranks. We place
on the ends of the rams crossheads carrying rollers or swages, and the rams when
propelled outwards from the cylinders bend the crank throws roughly to shape by
means of the said rollers or swages. Sufficient metal is left in the crank throws at
this first operation to compress at the next operation into the throws and corners
of the cranks, so as to counteract any wasting the iron may have undergone in the
bending and heating.
The next operation, which we term blocking the crank, may be performed in
presses of ordinary construction. The tools are so formed that when together they
contain between them a space of the same dimensions as the finished crank prior
to setting. We make these tools of separate and adjustable pieces, so that
cranks of varying dimensions of throws may be blocked in the same tools. Means
are provided for confining the ends of the crank to prevent metal spreading
endways. Finally, if the cranks have more throws than one we set the throws by
means of tools having surfaces placed at the proper angles.
The throws are pressed up to such surfaces by means of swages or by an upper
tool having surfaces placed at the requisite angle.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Joseph Thomas Andrews and Henry Cherry in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 13th July 1880.
JOSEPH THOMAS ANDREWS, of Handsworth, in the County of Stafford, Manager
of Works, and HENRY CHERRY, of Aston, near Birmingham, in the County of
Warwick, Mechanical Engineer. "NEW OR IMPROVED MACHINERY FOR FORGING
IRON AND STEEL CRANKED SHAFTS OR AXLES, AND OTHER ARTICLES OF LIKE
FIGURE."
We construct a table carrying a suitable number of hydraulic cylinders. For
instance, for bending three throw cranks four cylinders suffice, for bending one
throw cranks two cylinders suffice. These hydraulic cylinders and their attach-
ments are arranged so as to be readily moveable on the table and adjustable at
varying distances from each other to suit varying dimensions of cranks. We place
on the ends of the rams cross heads carrying rollers or swages, and the rams when
propelled outwards from the cylinders bend the crank throws roughly to shape by
means of the said rollers or swages. Sufficient metal is left in the crank throws at
this first operation to compress at the next operation into the throws and corners
of the cranks, so as to counteract any wasting the iron or steel may have
undergone in the bending and heating.
The next operation, which we term "blocking" the crank, may be performed in
presses of the ordinary construction. The tools are so formed that when together
they contain between them a space of the same dimensions as the finished crank
prior to setting. We make these tools of separate and adjustable pieces so that
cranks of varying dimensions of throws may be blocked in the same tools. Means
are provided for confining the ends of the crank to prevent the metal spreading
end ways. Finally, if the cranks have more throws than one we set the throws by
means of tools having surfaces placed at the proper angles. The throws are pressed
up to such surfaces by means of swages or by an upper tool having surfaces placed
at the requisite angle.
We will now proceed to describe with reference to the accompanying Drawings
the manner in which our Invention may be performed.
Figure 1 represents in plan partly in horizontal section a machine constructed
according to our Invention for roughly binding or forging the crank throws of a
three cranked axle or shaft; Figure 2 represents a longitudinal section of part of
the machine, the right hand pair of hydraulic cylinders, their rains and attachments
being omitted; Figure 3 represents a cross section of a part of the machine.
The same letters indicate the same parts in Figures 1, 2, and 3.
a is the table of the machine carrying the two pairs of hydraulic cylinders
marked b, 62, and 63, 64, and the appliances connected therewith; c, c², are the rams
of the right hand pair of hydraulic cylinders b, 62, and c³, c, are the rams of the
left hand pair of cylinders 6s, 6. To the outer ends of the rams c, c³, c³, c', cross
heads marked respectively d, d³, d³, d', are connected.
These cross heads carry rollers or swaging tools marked respectively e, e², e³, es, for
roughly bending or shaping the crank throws of the shaft or axle.
Each cross
head works in a dovetail guide f, on the bed of the machine, as best seen in the
cross section Figure 3. The hydraulic cylinders, their rams, and cross heads are
made capable of being moved on the table a for the purpose of adjusting them at
the required distance from each other, that is, the pair of cylinders b, b², may be
made to approach to or recede from one another, and similarly the pair of
cylinders 63, 64, may be made to approach to or recede from one another. For this
purpose the hydraulic cylinders are furnished at their inner ends with dovetails
ath (see Figure 2), which work in the dovetail seats at i made across each end
of the table a; and the slides f, in which the cross heads of the rams move, are also

page_text: furnished with dovetails (see Figure 2), which work in the dovetail seats at 1ª in
the table a. The pair of hydraulic cylinders b, 62, and the cross heads d, d², of the
rams of the said cylinders are coupled together by the pair of right and left
handed screws g. g³, working in screw boxes at m, m, in the said cylinders and
cross heads. Similarly the pair of cylinders 63, 64, and the cross heads d³, d, of the
rams of the said cylinders are coupled together by the pair of right and left handed
screws g, g, working in screw boxes at n, n, in the said cylinders and cross heads.
By turning the screws g, g³, g³, g', in one or other direction, the cylinders and parts
of each pair may be made to approach to or recede from one another according to
the dimensions of the crank throws to be formed. On the table a is a block k
supported by the rib . This block is furnished with a nearly semi-circular groove
in its outer face, in which the heated bar of iron or steel is bent to form the middle
crank throw (or the crank throw of a one throw cranked shaft) of a three throw
shaft, the said block also serving to support the partly bent bar during the
subsequent bending operations.
The heated bar of iron or steel to be roughly forged or bent into a cranked shaft
having been laid across the machine, and in front of the bending and supporting
block k, the rams of the hydraulic cylinders 63, 64, are propelled outwards, and their
rollers or swaging tools e³, e, are made to bend or double the metal at the middle
of the bar around the grooved block k, so as to roughly form the middle crank
throw of the cranked shaft, as indicated in dotted lines in Figure 1. The hydraulic
cylinders b, 62, are next adjusted on the table a, so that their rollers or swages e, e²,
are opposite the corners of the side crank throws to be formed, as seen in Figure 1.
By the simultaneous or consecutive outward movement of the four rollers or swaging
tools e, e, es, es, the side crank throws and their corners are roughly shaped or
forged by the doubling or folding of the metal by the said rollers or swaging tools,
as indicated in dotted lines in Figure 1. The crank throws thus made are situated
in the same plane. The roughly shaped crank throws are next operated upon or
"blocked" in a press having tools of the construction represented in longitudinal
section in Figure 4, and cross section in Figure 5 of the Drawings. The blocking
process referred to consists of the upsetting or compressing of the crank throws in
the direction of their depth, that is, at right angles to the straight or unbent parts
of the axle, so as to give them the required shape before setting.
In the said Figures 4 and 5, p is the upper tool secured to the head of the press,
and q is the lower tool secured to the platten of the press. The said tools p, q, are
80 shaped that when the upper tool is brought down upon the lower tool, as
illustrated in the Drawing, the said tools enclose between them a space of the same
figure and dimensions as that of the finished crank shaft to be made prior to the
setting of the crank throws of the said shaft. The tools q, r, may be made of
separate and adjustable pieces, so that cranks of varying dimensions of throws may
be blocked in the same tools. By the operation of the said tools p, q, upon the
heated and partly made cranked axle, the throws of the said axle which have been
roughly shaped or bent in the machine. Figures 1, 2 and 3 are compressed or
upset, and the required shape given to them. By means of screws r, r, bearing on
the ends of the cranked shaft, the spreading of the metal endways is prevented
during the operation of the tools upon the cranked shaft.
Figure 6 represents in end elevation, the pair of press tools which we use for
setting the crank throws, that is, giving the proper angle to the said crank throws ;
8 is the moveable upper tool fixed to the head of the press, and t is the fixed lower
tool secured on the platten of the press. By an examination of Figure 6, it will be
seen that the sides of the lower tool t are inclined at the angles at which the crank
throws are required to be set, and that the upper tool & has a figure the counterpart
of the lower tool t. By the descent of the upper tools upon the heated cranked
shaft placed in the lower tool, the crank throws are forged or swaged against the
inclined surfaces of the lower tool, and the crank throws thereby set at the required
angles as represented.
Although we have only represented in the accompanying Drawings a machine

page_text: and tools for bending, finishing, and setting a three throw cranked axle, yet our
Invention is equally applicable to the bending and finishing of cranked axles having
a single throw, and to the bending, finishing and setting of cranked axles having
two or more than three throws, by modifying the parts of the bending or doubling
machine, Figures 1, 2 and 3, and the shape of the finishing and setting tools,
Figures 4, 5 and 6.
Besides cranked shafts or axles, our Invention may also be applied to the bending
and finishing of other articles of like figure.
Having now described the nature of our Invention, and the manner in which the
same is to be performed, we wish it to be understood that we claim as our
Invention of "New or Improved Machinery for Forging Iron and Steel Cranked
Shafts, or Axles and other Articles of like Figure,"
First. The construction and combination of the parts of the machinery herein
before described and illustrated in Figures 1, 2, and 3 of the accompanying
Drawings, for bending or roughly forging the crank throw or crank throws of iron
or steel cranked shafts, or axles and similar parts of other articles of like figure,
that is to say, machinery consisting of hydraulic cylinders, the rams of which carry
rollers or swaging wels, the said hydraulic cylinders and their attachments being
arranged and made capable of adjustment, substantially as and for the purpose
described and illustrated.
"
or
Secondly. The construction of the press tools, herein before described and
illustrated in Figures 4 and 5 of the accompanying Drawings, for "blocking
compressing and shaping the crank throws prior to setting them, and similar parts of
other articles of like figure.
Thirdly. The construction of the press tools, herein before described and illustrated
in Figure 6 of the accompanying Drawings, for setting the throws of cranked shafts
or axles, and similar parts of other articles of like figure.
In witness whereof, we, the said Joseph Thomas Andrews and Henry Cherry,
have hereunto set our hands and seals, this Seventh day of July, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and eighty.
Witness,
W. J. PARKINS,
72, Boulton Rd.,
Handsworth,
Birmingham.
Accountant.
JOSEPH THOS. ANDREWS. (L.S.)
HENRY CHERRY.
(LS.)