matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVED APPARATUS POR EXPRESSING MOISTURE FROM PULPY OR SOLID SUBSTANCES
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Bottomley at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 22nd August
1862.
I, GEORGE BOTTOMLEY, of Leeds, in the County of York, Gentleman, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVED APPARATUS POR
EXPRESSING MOISTURE FROM PULPY OR SOLID SUBSTANCES," to be as follows:-
My Invention of improved apparatus for expressing moisture from pulpy or
solid substances consists in the employment of perforated and grooved plates
of metal or other suitable material, between which suitable quantities of the
substance to be operated upon are placed and then submitted to pressure.
In carrying out my Invention I take, by preference, metal plates of any
convenient shape and dimensions, according to the substance and the mass
to be operated upon, and I perforate the plates in lines or circles, and
on the under side of the plates I cut out grooves in such a manner that
the perforations communicate, with the grooves, I then place two of such
plates back to back with the grooved sides inwards, and on the perforated
side I place a portion of the pulpy material or substance to be operated upon.
Two more plates are then placed thereon and then more of the pulpy material,
and so on, until a considerable quantity of pulpy material having perforated
and grooved plates intermingled therewith is placed in the press, and upon
pressure being given the liquid or watery particles will exude and pass

page_text: through the perforations and enter the grooves of the plates, and be delivered
at the edges outside. These plates should be covered with felt or some fabric
to prevent the fine particles of the pulpy material from passing through the
perforations and filling or choking up the grooves. Instead of plates, bars,
or blocks made in a similar manner with perforations and grooves, and covered 5
with a felted or woven fabric, may be employed.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR RAISING THE NAP ON CLOTH AND OTHER FABRICS
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Clark at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 25th June
1862. A communication from abroad by Mr. Jules Stanislas Manchon,
of 29, Boulevart St. Martin, Paris, Merchant.
I, WILLIAM CLARK, of 53, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex,
Engineer and Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR RAISING THE NAP ON CLOTH
AND OTHER FABRICS," to be as follows:-
Cloths and all fabrics in general having a nap, whether of wool, silk, cotton,
or other nature, are, after being woven, combed or napped by a vertical teazel.
According to this Invention I substitute a metal comb for the vertical
teazel. This comb is formed of metal plates having hooked teeth; these
plates are fixed to a frame in rows, one above the other, similarly to the
pickers of the teazel. The frames carrying the comb teeth 'may be of metal
or other substance. The number of plates arranged in rows on the frames
above described varies according to the nature of the work required. Instead
of a number of rows arranged step by step, one above the other, I may apply
the teeth to drums or circular surfaces, which would raise the nap on the
fabric on being rotated. The plates carrying the comb teeth may be fixed on
the frame by means of nails, rivets, soldering, or other method of attachment.
IM- PROVEMENTS IN POWER LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Sutcliffe Smith and Joseph
Hardman at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 31st December 1862.
We, JAMES SUTCLIFFE SMITH, of Britannia, near Bacup, in the County of
Lancaster, Manufacturer, and JOSEPH HARDMAN, of the same Place, Over-
looker, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "CERTAIN IM-
PROVEMENTS IN POWER LOOMS FOR WEAVING," to be as follows:-
The Invention relates to that portion of the power loom known as the
stopping or "knocking off" motion, employed to stop the further action of
looms when the shuttle does not complete its "race" from box to box. The
improvements consist in an arrangement of mechanism which is designed to
release the "knocking-off handle," and thereby transfer the strap from the fast
to the loose pulley and simultaneously to put a break upon the fly wheel,
which machinery may be thus described:-At a convenient place on the
framing of the loom beneath the "stop-rod finger" a rod is secured, upon
which is a sliding piece carrying a rod to act upon the "handle;" this sliding
piece is also connected by means of a wire or rod to a bell-crank lever, one
end of which may be brought into contact with the fly wheel (as a break)
upon the other end being acted upon or struck by a tappet secured on a catch
box on the end of the tappet shaft which extends beyond the framing. Thus,
if the shuttle does not enter the box, the "stop-rod "finger strikes the sliding

page_text: piece and releases the "knocking-off handle," the sliding piece also draws the
wire which places the lever in a position to be struck and pressed by the extra
tappet on the end of the tappet shaft, by which means a break is put on the
fly wheel, and the stoppage of the loom is readily effected.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN POWER LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Tristram at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 16th January
1862.
I, WILLIAM TRISTRAM, of Bolton, in the County of Lancaster, Manufacturer,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS
IN POWER LOOMS FOR WEAVING," to be as follows:-
My Invention is designed to prevent the inequalities of weaving arising
from the irregular beat of the slay, and which are more particularly discernable
in fabrics loosely woven and of an open or light texture. As the cranks and
bearings of the slay become unsteady from use and wear its motion becomes
irregular, and the weft is laid in some parts more closely together than in others.
Now my improvements consist in the novel application of india-rubber or other
elastic spring buffers or stoppers to receive the concussion of the slay, to limit
its throw, and prevent it "beating up" more closely sometimes than at others.
These springs may either be placed on the slay, and abut against the breast
beam, or be placed upon the "breast beam," or on both, and may consist of
any convenient description of spring, either a strip of projecting india-rubber,
or a helical or other spring; the object being to prevent the slay and. reed.
from "beating-up" beyond a certain regular and given point..
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR PULPING ROOTS
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Whitaker at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 17th February
1862.
I, JOHN WHITAKER, of Leigh, in the County of Lancaster, Agricultural
Implement Maker, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR PULPING ROOTS," to be as
follows:-
I employ a number of shafts mounted with cutters in a spiral direction,
and give to each shaft and cutters a compound revolving motion. All the
shafts are placed upon a revolving frame, and each shaft turns on its own axis
in a similar manner to the well-known sun-and-planet motion by means of
toothed pinions gearing into a stationary spur wheel. The roots are placed in
a box or case, and are pulped by coming in contact with the aforesaid com-
pound revolving action of the cutters.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ARTIFICIAL FEATHERS APPLICABLE TO CERTAIN ORNAMENTS OF DRESS
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Abraham Marks at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 21st April
1862.
I, ABRAHAM MARKS, of Cannon Street Road, in the County of Middlesex,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
ARTIFICIAL FEATHERS APPLICABLE TO CERTAIN ORNAMENTS OF DRESS," to be as
follows (that is to say):
My Invention has reference to improvements in artificial feathers, applicable
to certain ornaments of dress, with the view of producing the same in imitation
of the natural and more costly descriptions known as ostrich feathers, by which
increased novelty and uniformity of design is obtained, suitable for forming
head dresses, the Prince of Wales' plume, hat, cap, and bonnet feathers, or
similar devices, and consists in employing for the above purpose goose and
swan feathers, either separately or in combination, in such manner as to
admit of being sewn or otherwise held together through the medium of a stalk
or stem, and subsequently shaped and finished as required, the said feather
being previously cleansed and rendered soft and fit for being colored, curled,
or otherwise embellished.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CARTRIDGES AND IN APPARATUS FOR FACILITATING THE PROPER AIMING WITH FIRE-ARMS
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Carlo Minasi at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 25th February
1862.
I, CARLO MINASI, of No. 3, Saint James's Terrace, Kentish Town Road, in
the County of Middlesex, Professor of Music, do hereby declare the nature
of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN CARTRIDGES AND IN APPARATUS FOR
FACILITATING THE PROPER AIMING WITH FIRE-ARMS," to be as follows:-
As to the cartridges, my Invention consists in so partially cutting, stamping,
perforating, or acting upon their cases, covers, or wrappers that they will
readily open, tear, separate, or part at a certain place or position, or places or
positions, as required, before being placed in the gun. And in manufacturing
cartridges, as lastly described or otherwise, with a plug, stopple, cork, or other
equivalent contrivance for holding in the powder and keeping it dry, and
which is removed when the twisted end is broken off or removed.
Also the Invention' comprises the constructing the stocks or supports to or
upon which the barrels of rifles are mounted with the butt, or a part of the
butt hinged or jointed to the remainder or barrel-holding portion of the stock
by means of a pin or bolt passing through the two parts from side to side, so
that by adjusting the position of the butt the rifleman, whether firing at short
range or at long, or at any intermediate range, may be enabled while properly
sighting the object aimed at to place his eye or cheek low down, or as nearly
against his shoulder as may be convenient, instead of as at present (when firing

page_text: at other than short ranges) being obliged to raise his eye or cheek for pro-
perly sighting the object. In other words, this improvement is intended to
afford him the convenience of handling and facility of aiming when sighting
distant objects, which, as respects proper firing, might improperly be obtained
with an ordinary rifle by placing the butt somewhat down upon the breast
instead of properly against the shoulder. And in combination therewith, or
in addition thereto, the application of a cover, case, shield, or rest for the chin
or cheek made and fitted so as to be raised or lifted as the butt or stock is
bent or altered or otherwise, as may be preferred.
It is intended to employ a screw or other equivalent for effecting the adjust-
ment and for maintaining the hinged portions firmly together in any position
within the limits of adjustment. Also indexes or guages for showing the
proper amount of adjustment for different ranges.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CHRONO- METERS AND OTHER TIMEKEEPERS
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Barclay at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 16th August 1862.
I, ROBERT BARCLAY, of Paris, Canada West, Watch and Clock Maker, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN CHRONO-
METERS AND OTHER TIMEKEEPERS," to be as follows, that is to say :-
This Invention comprises improvements in the escapement details of chrono-
meters and other timekeepers, and in the details by which the force of the
spring is communicated to the wheelwork.
The first portion of the improvements is applicable to the kind of "chrono-
meter" escapement in which springs requiring extremely delicate adjustment
have heretofore been used, and consists in causing the lever or vibrating bar
acting as the detent or pallet of repose, instead of being actuated through a
delicate spring, to be acted upon in one direction by a second rigid arm or lever
jointed or connected to it in such a way as to be free to move away from it in the
other direction. In one modification the pallet of repose has fixed on its spindle
two short arms, near the ends of which is pivoted the second or lifting lever.
The lifting lever is formed with a projection which, when the lever is moved in
one direction, comes in contact with the spindle or other part of the pallet of
repose, and causes the latter to be lifted. The movement of the pallet of
repose in the opposite direction is limited by a stop pin, whilst the lifting lever
is free to move as much further as may be necessary by turning on its own
pivot in the arms of the pallet of repose. To return the parts to their normal
positions after each lift, a simple curved spring requiring no delicate adjust-

page_text: ment is made to bear upon an angle formed on the lifting lever. In clocks
and ordinary timepieces the spring may be dispensed with, the parts being
formed with an unbalanced weight disposed to have the same action. Instead
of the lifting arm or lever being jointed to the pallet of repose, it may be con-
structed with an independent spindle of its own, and with a tail or projection
to act upon the pallet of repose.
The second portion of the improvements relates to an arrangement dispensing
with the chain, by which the force of the spring is ordinarily communicated to
the fusee, and in carrying out this part of the Invention according to one
modification, a series of teeth are formed in a conic helix or spiral round the
spring barrel or round a barrel driven from the spring barrel, and a corre-
sponding series of teeth are formed in a conic helix or spiral round the fusee.
AN IMPROVED METHOD OF STRENGTHENING AND HARDENING CANNON MADE WHOLLY OR PARTIALLY OF CARBONIZED IRON OR STEEL, OR THE BARRELS OR OTHER PARTS THEREOF
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Wightwick Rendel at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 13th
November 1862.
I, GEORGE WIGHTWICK RENDEL, of Newcastle-on-Tyne, in the County of
Northumberland, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "AN IMPROVED METHOD OF STRENGTHENING AND HARDENING
CANNON MADE WHOLLY OR PARTIALLY OF CARBONIZED IRON OR STEEL, OR THE
BARRELS OR OTHER PARTS THEREOF," to be as follows:-
I bring the cannon or parts of cannon to a suitable heat in an oven or any
convenient furnace, and I then plunge them into a bath of oil or other liquid;
or instead of plunging the cannon or parts of cannon, I pour the liquid
over them, and to keep down the temperature of the liquid, which is raised
in the act of cooling the cannon or parts thereof, I employ pipes winding
through the liquid, in which pipes a current of cold water circulates, or the
liquid may be cooled by any other suitable arrangement, but any arrangement
for cooling is not essential to the process of strengthening, being only a matter
of convenience, as having the effect of reducing the volume of liquid necessary
for cooling large masses of metal.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF IRON AND STEEL, AND IN THE APPARATUS EMPLOYED FOR THAT PURPOSE
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel Whitham at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 4th July
1862. A communication from abroad by Thomas Wright, of Coldbrook
Iron Works, St. John's, New Brunswick, North America.
I, SAMUEL WHITHAM, of Wakefield, in the County of York, Iron Manu-
facturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF IRON AND STEEL, AND IN THE APPARATUS EMPLOYED
FOR THAT PURPOSE," a communication to me from abroad by Thomas Wright,
of Coldbrook Iron Works, St. John's, New Brunswick, North America, to be
as follows:-
This Invention relates to ball, mill, and puddling furnaces employed in the
manufacture of iron and steel, and the improvements consist in constructing
or building such furnaces in pairs or double, with a stove or chamber formed
in the "neck" thereof to receive the metal preparatory to its being passed
forward into the body of the furnace, and in applying a blast of atmospheric
air to such furnaces, which may be either hot or cold as required, whereby
I obtain a more uniform heat, producing a better quality of the manufactured
metal with a larger yield, also effecting a saving in fuel and a diminution of
manual labour.
AN IMPROVED SAWING, FILING, MORTISING, AND TURNING APPARATUS
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Harper Twelvetrees at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 2nd December
1862.
I, HARPER TWELVETREES, of Bromley, in the County of Middlesex, Manu-
facturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED
SAWING, FILING, MORTISING, AND TURNING APPARATUS," to be as follows:-
My improved machine consists of a wood or metal frame or stand, in which
is mounted a fly wheel, treadle, belt, and small pulley, for communicating
motion at the top to a saw, file, mortising chisel, or turning lathe. The fly
wheel or pulley may be made of stone to be employed as a grindstone. In
the case of the machine being used for sawing purposes, I provide a stretcher or
frame in which a saw is fixed, and which is made to move backwards and
forwards, or by preference in an upward and downward direction in slides,
guides, or other suitable contrivance; motion is given to this stretcher or frame
by means of a connecting rod attached to the pulley. Occasionally I dispense
with the driving wheel and obtain the requisite motion direct upon the driving
pulley from a steam engine or other motive power. At the top of the machine I
provide a flat surface or table, and immediately above this in a transverse direc-
tion to the saw I fix a rest or guide between which and the machine top the wood
or other substance to be sawn is introduced, and the rest or guide being made
adjustable the article under treatment is readily kept in the required position.
Attached to this guide is a pair of small bellows, so fixed that the blast there-
from acts directly upon the surface of the wood or other substance under

page_text: treatment at the point of its connection with the saw, and is intended to blow
off the dust as it accumulates on the line which the saw is required to take.
At the top of these bellows is a socket, in which a rod or piston fixed upon
the frame containing the saw is made to work, and by this means at each
depression of the saw frame, the piston rod slightly depresses the bellows and
produces the required blast. At the point where the saw passes through the
horizontal rest or guide and the machine top, I introduce pieces of hard wood
or their equivalent to act as socket guides for the saw and prevent its being
twisted or strained while at work; these pieces of hard wood are fixed in slides
so that they can be drawn forward as they are worn by the friction of the saw.
When the apparatus is required for mortising purposes, I substitute a suitable
chisel for the saw, attaching it to the reciprocating frame by means of a screw,
socket, bolt, and nut, or other mechanical contrivance. When the apparatus
is required for filing purposes, I fix a parallel file in a similar manner and
position to the saw, but in each of the two latter cases the general principle
of the machine is the same as set forth for sawing purposes. I occasionally
attach a head and other parts of a turning lathe to the top of the machine, the
motion to which is communicated from the driving wheel, belt, and treadle
underneath.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PURIFYING ILLUMINATING GAS
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Rudolph Schomburg and Adolph
Baldamus at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 13th March 1862.
We, RUDOLPH. SCHOMBURG, of No. 190, Cannon Street, in the City of
London, and ADOLPH BALDAMUS, of Charlottenberg, in the City of Berlin, in
the Kingdom of Prussia, do hereby declare the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN PURIFYING ILLUMINATING GAS," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in purifying illuminating
gas. In order to separate from gas the sulphide of carbon with which it is
commonly contaminated, and which when the gas is burned produces sul-
phurous acid, which is destructive to furniture and otherwise injurious, we
cause the gas to come in contact with hydrocarbon or other oil, or a solution
of fat, soap, or rosin; these substances have the property of absorbing the
sulphide of carbon. The purification may be effected either at the gasworks
or by each consumer, and we prefer to employ for the purpose a disc of
perforated metal kept constantly revolving; the lower part of this disc dips
into the oil or other liquid, and brings up as it revolves a film of this material,
portions of the film closing the perforations in the disc. The gas is caused to
come in contact with the disc and pass through the perforations therein, so
that the liquid may be able to act on every portion of the gas. When the
purification is effected separately by each consumer, we combine the purifying

page_text: apparatus with the gas meter, and cause the perforated disc to be driven
thereby. When the liquid becomes saturated with sulphide of carbon the
latter may be separated and obtained by a process of distillation, leaving the
oil or liquid in a state to be again used.
IMPROVEMENTS IN HEATING APPARATUS
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Murdoch Napier at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
31st December 1862.
I, JAMES MURDOCH NAPIER, of the York Road, Lambeth, in the County
of Surrey, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN HEATING APPARATUS," to be as follows:-
My Invention may be termed a water stove, and is peculiarly adapted for
beating apartments where a regular and moderate warmth is required. I
employ a vessel of convenient form and of dimensions suited to the apartment
to be heated; this vessel contains water which is heated by the application
of gas jets to a portion of its exterior, and in order to increase the heating
surface, and economise the gas, I allow the heated products of combustion to
pass through tubes or other passages placed in the body of the containing
vessel before being conducted away from the stove into the chimney of the
apartment or otherwise into the outer atmosphere. When the water becomes
heated the heat passes off through the containing vessel and is communicated
to the air of the apartment. The surface of the stove which is in contact with
the air should be of such extent that the water need not be raised to the
boiling point in order to heat the apartment sufficiently. The containing
vessel may be supplied with water when required through an opening at the
top, either from a cistern or by hand, and I provide a cock for drawing off
hot water, which is convenient when these stoves are used for heating sleeping

page_text: apartments. In order that the heat may be well and equally sustained I
prefer to make the containing vessel capacious within the limits of convenience
seeing that the larger the quantity of water the more equable will be the heat
produced. When it is desired to increase the heating surface exposed to contact
with the air of the apartment without enlarging the stove to an inconvenient
degree, 1 corrugate its surface, and in some cases divide it into compartments.
I place the stove upon a convenient stand, and provide a pan to catch
any moisture arising from condensation upon the first lighting of the gas
which is regulated by cocks in the usual way. The stove may be made of
any suitable metal and ornamented according to taste, and when desired
may be covered with cement, encaustic tiles, or other similar casing.
AN IMPROVED SUCTION AND LIFT PUMP AND APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Edward Gedge at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
3rd October 1862.-A communication from abroad by Valentin Delvart,
of Denain, France.
I, WILLIAM EDWARD GEDGE, of the Firm of John Gedge and Son, of
No. 11, Wellington Street, Strand, in the County of Middlesex, Patent Agent,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED SUCTION
AND LIFT PUMP AND APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH," a communication to me
from abroad by Valentin Delvart, of Denain, France, to be as follows:-
The pump forming the subject of this Invention offers this peculiarity, that
while being simply a suction and lift pump it gives a jet of water five times
stronger than any other pump with equal force. Thus, when the piston is
raised, the column of water contained between it and the pump barrel is drawn
up and flows out by a spout. The packing of the piston in sucking raises the
column of water, and when the piston descends it forces the liquid which it
has sucked to rise within the space separating its circumference from that of
the pump case, and consequently to flow out continuously by the spout. This
pump, which may be single or double, is essentially composed of a cylindrical
hollow and water-tight piston, the air which it contains communicating with
the atmospheric air by small tubes, it has at its lower extremity an iron box
or cup, and its packing is of gutta percha. (In some cases it is desirable to
obtain a vacuum in the piston) of a metal pump, barrel valves, and their seat,
an opening for inspecting the cup and valves, of feet raising the pump barrel

page_text: of a balance beam and its pedestal, and spout or shoot. In some cases the
secret valve is formed of a simple gutta percha washer, and the seat of the
valves instead of being entirely hollowed out, will have its surface pierced with
a number of holes for passage of the water. Several pumps may be united
and be driven continuously by an apparatus consisting of two cranks, which
transmit motion to a couple of levers, which by two connecting rods and
toothed wheels and pinions communicate it to a hydraulic wheel. Two other
connecting rods are set in motion by those first mentioned, and communicate
it to levers attached to the piston rods, which raise the water into a reservoir,
whence, on opening a sump cock, it flows continuously through a 'spout on to
the hydraulic wheel. To arrest its action it suffices to close the sump, when
the apparatus will only function by the power which it has already acquired,
and which will bring the water in the reservoir to a certain level before
stopping.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN APPARATUS TO BE EMPLOYED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF MALLEABLE IRON AND STEEL
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Brown Wilson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 23rd
December 1862.
I, EDWARD BROWN WILSON, of Parliament Street, in the City of Westminster,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN APPARATUS TO BE EMPLOYED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF MALLEABLE IRON
AND STEEL," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to a peculiar construction and arrangement of what
are known as atmospheric converting vessels employed in the manufacture of
malleable iron and steel, whereby they are rendered more firm and steady
under operation than converting vessels of the ordinary construction.
According to this Invention it is proposed to dispense entirely with the
axes, pivots, centres, or trunnions hitherto employed in suspending converting
vessels, and to cause such vessels to turn or rotate upon hoops or rockers
fitted thereto.
One mode of carrying out this Invention consists in fitting a segment or
hoop of wrought or cast iron or steel on to each side of the converting vessel,
and to support the same in any suitable framing forming a base or stand to
the vessel. Or the hoops or segments may be made to rest upon antifriction
pullies or rollers contained in the base or support. The turning or rotation of
the vessel, for the purpose of pouring out its contents, may be accomplished by
a lever, or by the aid of gearing, in which latter case one or more toothed rims

page_text: or segments may be fitted on to the sides of the vessel, and geared into spur
pinions actuated by an endless screw, or otherwise. In some cases it is
proposed to mount the base or stand upon wheels, whereby facility is afforded
for readily transporting the vessel to any desired locality.
A NEW COMPOUND FOR PROTECTING AND PRESERVING THE POLISH, POLISHED, AND OTHER SURFACES OF METALS, WOODS, SKINS, AND PAPER; AND FOR RENDERING ALL WOVEN, TEXTILE, AND OTHER FABRICS WATER AND WEATHERPROOP
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Emile Moiroux at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 5th
June 1862.
I, JOSEPH EMILE MOIROUX, of Windmill Street, Tottenham Court Road,
London, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "A NEW
COMPOUND FOR PROTECTING AND PRESERVING THE POLISH, POLISHED, AND OTHER
SURFACES OF METALS, WOODS, SKINS, AND PAPER; AND FOR RENDERING ALL WOVEN,
TEXTILE, AND OTHER FABRICS WATER AND WEATHERPROOP," to be as follows, that
is to say:-
My Invention consists of a new compound or liquid for rendering all textile
and other articles and materials to which it is applied waterproof, and for pro-
tecting the surfaces of metals, woods, papier maché, paper, and the like from
the action of the weather, perspiration, or other moisture from the body, heat,
cold, wet, and damp; and for preserving the polish and brilliancy of door, window,
and sign plates; the polished surfaces of machinery, implements, tools, utensils,
and articles of furniture, whether of ornament or utility in like manner, and
generally all surfaces liable to deterioration, or to become tarnished, or lose
their normal brightness by the action of moisture or the change of tem-
perature. The compound or liquid is produced by the chemical action of

page_text: acids, water, and ether, or the quintessence of alcohol upon silk, cotton, or
other suitable vegetable matter, by which the latter is decomposed, dissolved,
and converted into a liquid state, so as to combine or mix with the rectified
spirit, and form a limpid transparent gum.or compound possssing the pro-
perties above mentioned. The liquid may be used with colour without losing
its properties.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SECURING THE BOLTS AND NUTS OF RAILWAY FISH PLATES
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Morshall Cochrane at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 26th
September 1862.
I, WILLIAM MORSHALL COCHRANE, of Clattern Cottage, Kingston-on-Thames,
in the County of Surrey, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN SECURING THE BOLTS AND NUTS OF RAILWAY FISH PLATES,"
to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in securing the bolts and
nuts of railway fish plates. It is well known that the screw nuts used to
fasten the screw bolts employed with railway fish plates are very liable to
shake loose by the constant vibration caused by the passage of trains along the
rails fastened by fish plates. Now according to my Invention I retain the
screw nuts, and also the screw bolts, when they are not otherwise held, from
turning by employing plates of thin metal between the fish plates and the
screw nuts, and also between the fish plates and the heads of the screw bolts
when the screw bolts are not. otherwise prevented from turning. These thin
plates have two holes through them to admit of the two screw bolts near the
end of a fish plate passing through them. The thin plate is of sufficient length
to extend beyond the two screw nuts which fasten one end of a fish plate to a
railway bar, so that when the screw nuts have been screwed tightly the ends
or the angles of the thin plate are turned away from and at right angles to
the fish plate so as to come against one or more sides of each of the two screw.

page_text: nuts, by which the nuts will be securely held and retained from turning after
being once well screwed up. In like manner a similar plate is placed between
the two heads of the two screw bolts which are used to fasten one end of a
fish plate to a rail when such screw bolts are not otherwise prevented from
turning. In some cases, in place of using a thin plate of a length to extend !
to and fasten two screw nuts or the heads of two screw bolts used in fixing a
fish plate, a thin plate is used to each screw nut and to each head of a screw
bolt, in which case such thin plate is retained from turning by a projection at
the edge of the hole in the thin plate through which the screw bolt passes, the
projection of the thin plate entering a hole or recess in the fish plate; and
when grooved fish plates are used the thin plate is made of a suitable width to
'fit into the groove or recess in the fish plate.
AN IMPROVED SAPETY FASTENING APPLICABLE TO THE LOCKS OF DOORS
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Ashwell at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 2nd May
1862.
I, CHARLES ASHWELL, of Albany Road, Barnsbury Park, Islington, in the
County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"AN IMPROVED SAPETY FASTENING APPLICABLE TO THE LOCKS OF DOORS," to be as
follows:-
This Invention consists of a piece of mechanism of the following con-
struction: In the middle of the length of a piece of wood or other material
a slot is formed about one inch in length, in which is fitted a sliding hook the
lower end of which protrudes through said slot and is fitted with a thumb-
screw, another hook is screwed into the solid part of the wood near to one
end of the aforesaid slot,. the bows of said hooks being placed in opposite.
directions thus C; on one and the same side of the piece of wood a hole-
is formed crosswise through each end of the aforesaid piece of wood, in which
is a ring, each ring having a long cord fastened thereto.. To use this improved
safety fastening the moveable hook is slackened and the points of the two.
hooks passed through the bow of the key in the lock of the door, the key
being inserted in that side of the lock which is in the room, and suppose it to
be a bedroom, the occupant on retiring to rest having first locked the door he
then inserts the hooks of the fastening in the bow of the key and pushing:
the sliding hook outwards to its full extent screws it tightly in that position
and proceeds to place the strings aforesaid behind the pillow of his bed or in

page_text: any other place within reach of the person when in bed, by pulling one string
the key will be turned partly round and the door unlocked, and by pulling the
other string the door may be locked without the person having to get out of
bed for that purpose.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE FABRICATION OF A SALT FOR DYEING TEXTILE MATERIALS
Year: 1862

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Edmond Lepainteur, of Paris, in the Empire of
France, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE FABRICATION OF A
SALT FOR DYEING TEXTILE MATERIALS."
Sealed the 19th May 1863, and dated the 18th December 1862.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION filed by the said Edmond Lepainteur at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition and
Declaration, on the 18th December 1862, pursuant to the 9th Section
of the Patent Law Amendment Act, 1852.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, EDMOND
LEPAINTEUR, of Paris, in the Empire of France, send greeting.
WHEREAS I am in possession of an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
FABRICATION OF A SALT FOR DYEING TEXTILE MATERIALS," and have petitioned
Her Majesty to grant unto me, my executors, administrators, and assigns,
Her Royal Letters Patent for the same.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Edmond Lepainteur, do hereby declare
that the following Complete Specification, under my hand and seal, fully
describes and ascertains the nature of the Invention, and the manner in which
the same is to be performed, that is to say :-
This Invention consists in manufacturing wholesale a salt for fixing the
mordants employed in dyeing textile materials, animal and vegetable, and
which may be substituted advantageously for the various tartrates and for

page_text: tartaric acid employed ordinarily for this purpose. To this salt, from its
special affinity with the various coloring matters, has been given the name of
chromogene.
The method of manufacturing it is by saturating at the ordinary tempera-
ture hydrochloric acid with quicklime or carbonate of lime, in the proportion
of one part of quicklime or carbonate of lime to three parts by weight of
hydrochloric acid marking 22 degrees on Baume's areometer. The liquid
thus obtained is next heated and evaporated until it marks 45 degrees on
Cartier's acid guage; it is then allowed to rest until it crystallizes, which it
does very shortly.
Employed alone, or combined with the various agents used for dyeing, it
gives results much superior to those hitherto obtained, and produces many
new and brilliant shades of colour, for instance, employed with chromate of
potash this salt produces the blue, black, and chesnut colours; with alum, the
sanders, and scarlet reds; with cochineal, the crimson and rose colours; with
prussiate of potash, the colour called French blue..
Having thus described the nature of the said improvements, and the manner
of carrying them into effect, I would have it understood that I do not claim
the product or salt above mentioned, but the fabrication of it in such quantities
as to be used in commerce, and its application to the dyeing of textile materials,
animal and vegetable.
In witness whereof, I, the said Edmond Lepainteur, have hereto set
my hand and seal, this Fifteenth day of December, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-two.
E. LEPAINTEUR. (L.S.)
AN IMPROVED COUPLING FOR UNITING PIPES BETWEEN LOCOMOTIVES AND TENDERS, APPLICABLE ALSO TO THE COUPLING OF OTHER PIPES
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Pierre Joseph Guyet at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 25th February
1862.
I, PIERRE JOSEPH GUYET, of Paris, in the Empire of France, Civil Engineer,
5 do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED COUPLING
FOR UNITING PIPES BETWEEN LOCOMOTIVES AND TENDERS, APPLICABLE ALSO TO THE
COUPLING OF OTHER PIPES," to be as follows:-
This coupling is intended principally to be applied to the connection of the
pipes between locomotives and tenders, it is however equally fitted for other
connections of steam, gas, and water pipes. The more distinctive features of
my Invention are the peculiar arrangement and special fitting of elastic stuffing,
whereby tight and sound sliding joints are obtained, which at the same time
allow of the pipes sliding or standing at an angle, as well as in a line with the
coupling.
Figure 1 is a longitudinal section of the coupling, applied between a
locomotive and tender. Figure 2 is an end view of the same. A is a brass
pipe connected with the locomotive feeding pipe by the flange B; C is a cross
pipe in which is lodged and pressed an india-rubber ring D, secured by the
flange E. The end of the pipe F taking steam from the dome of the boiler,
passes through the ring D. Another pipe G, secured by its flange H, on the
tender feeding pipe, terminates inside the coupling in a nut I. Both the

page_text: pipes A and G are connected by the coupling box J, the internal diametor of
which is larger than the outside diameter of the pipes A and G. The con-
necting joints are made by two india-rubber rings K, L, lodged on the box J,
and compressed between its flanges M, N, and two conical covers O, P, by
bolts as shown in the Drawing. The india-rubber ring L lies upon a metal
washer Q; the dotted lines show various positions which may be taken by the
tubes during the running of the engine on the curves and changes of level of
the line. When the locomotive has to be removed from its tender, the pipo A
comes out of the coupling without any unscrewing of the joints. If the
locomotive is coupled to the tender, the conical sides of the cover O.facilitate
the connection without any screwing. The nut I prevents the coupling
coming away when the locomotive is uncoupled.
IMPROVEMENTS IN URINARY UTENSILS, ALSO APPLICABLE TO FIXED AND PORTABLE COMMODES
Year: 1862

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Edouard Astel, of Paris, in the Empire of France,
Draughtsman, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN URINARY UTENSILS,
ALSO APPLICABLE TO FIXED AND PORTABLE COMMODES."
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION filed by the said Edouard Astel at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition and Decla-
ration, on the 16th September 1862, pursuant to the 9th Section of the
Patent Law Amendment Act, 1852.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, EDOUARD
ASTEL, of Paris, in the Empire of France, Draughtsman, send greeting.
WHEREAS I am in possession of an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
URINARY UTENSILS, ALSO APPLICABLE TO FIXED AND PORTABLE COMMODES," and have
petitioned Her Majesty to grant unto me, my executors, administrators,
and assigns, Her Royal Letters Patent for the same, and made solemn Decla-
ration that I am the true and first Inventor thereof.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Edouard Astel, do hereby declare that
the following Complete Specification, under my hand and seal, fully describes
and ascertains the nature of the Invention, and the manner in which the same
is to be performed, reference being had to the Figures of the accompanying
Drawing, and to the letters marked thereon, that is to say:-
My Invention consists in the addition to chamber utensils and similar
vessels of an appendix having a special form for each sex, with a view to

page_text: remedy the incommodities resulting from the spherical shape of such utensils
as at present in use.
Figure 1 of the accompanying Drawing represents a chamber vase for the
male sex. The circumference A of this vase instead of being entirely cylin-
drical is provided in front with a projecting shoulder B, forming a species of
canal, the upper part of which is separated from the interior of the vessel by
a partition C slightly depressed towards the centre; D is the recipient for the
urine, which runs off by the canal prolonged for that purpose in the thickness
of the vase, down to the point F.
Figure 2 is a view of the complete vase.
Figures 3, 4, represent in part section and view a vase for the female sex
which differs from that above described in the additional height of the appendix
and the suppression of the canal and partition.
Figures 5, 6, 7, represent applications of the Invention to commodes of
different forms for the use of each sex.
In all these cases the vessels may be made of pottery, porcelain, china, gutta
percha, metal, or other suitable material, the external form and arrangement
being varied at will.
Having now described the nature of my said Invention, and the manuer of
carrying it into effect, I declare that what I claim is, the application to
chamber utensils, commode, or closet pans, and other similar vessels, of an
appendix, having for each sex the special form and arrangement above laid
down and shewn in the Figures of the annexed Drawing.
In witness whereof, I, the said Edouard Astel have hereto set my
hand and seal, this Thirteenth day of September, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-two.
EP ASTEL. (L.S.)
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF COUCHES OR SETTEES FOR THE PURPOSE OF SITTING, LYING OR RECLINING UPON
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Henry Birkbeck at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 30th
April 1862. A communication from abroad by Mr. Charles Henry
Ferdinand Leroux, Merchant, of Paris, in the Empire of France.
I, GEORGE HENRY BIRKDECK, of the Firm of Tongue & Birkbeck, of 34,
Southampton Buildings, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Patent
Agents and Engineers, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF COUCHES OR SETTEES FOR THE PURPOSE OF
SITTING, LYING OR RECLINING UPON," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in the construction of couches,
setters, or other similar articles of furniture, whereby they may be readily
converted into beds for lying or reclining upon. For this purpose the per-
manent seat of the couch or setter consists of an elastic surface, formed by
springs or stuffed with elastic materials, and beneath this surface a drawer or
receptacle is formed, which is carried by the framework (mounted on castors)
which supports and forms the couch or settee. To one side of the bottom or
supporting frame another frame is jointed or hinged, so as to form when
raised and fixed in an inclined position an elastic surface or back to the couch
to rest or recline against. The front of this hinged frame has a loose or elastic
cloth or cover attached thereto, and is stuffed with suitable soft or elastic
materials to form the bed when the frame is moved down into horizontal
position, so as to rest and be supported upon the spring or elastic surface of
the couch or settee. The bedding may be pressed into the back part of the

page_text: hinged frame, and retained therein by light metal moveable frames attached
thereto; at each end of the back of the hinged frame light frames or flaps are
jointed and covered by a stretched cloth and stuffed to form soft or elastic
surfaces, and these jointed frames are capable of being fixed in several positions
by adjustable stops attached to the sides of the frame, or in any convenient
manner, so that these jointed frames may be placed at any desired inclination
at each end for the head and feet of the occupier to rest against. Hinged or
jointed arms are also attached to each end of the back frame, so as to form
arms to the couch or settee, such arms moving on their joints out of the way
when the hinged frame or back is turned down to convert the couch into a bed.
The hinged frame is firmly secured in a horizontal position by jointed rods,
straps, or otherwise.