IMPROVE- MENTS IN AND CONNECTED WITH SELF LUBRICATING JOURNAL OR AXLE BEARINGS OR BOXES, AND LUBRICATING DEVICES
Year: 1881

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Philip Middleton Justice, of 14, Southampton Buildings,
in the County of Middlesex, Patent Agent, for an Invention of "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN AND CONNECTED WITH SELF LUBRICATING JOURNAL OR AXLE
BEARINGS OR BOXES, AND LUBRICATING DEVICES." A communication from
abroad by Louis Bastet, of Brooklyn, in the County of King's and State
of New York, United States of America.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Philip Middleton Justice
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 18th October 1881.
PHILIP MIDDLETON JUSTICE, of 14, Southampton Buildings, in the County of
Middlesex, Patent Agent. "IMPROVEMENTS IN AND CONNECTED WITH SELF
LUBRICATING JOURNAL OR AXLE BEARINGS OR BOXES AND LUBRICATING
DEVICES." A communication from abroad by Louis Bastet, of Brooklyn, in the
County of King's and State of New York, United States of America.
This Invention consists essentially of a new article of manufacture, to be used
either as a self lubricating bearing or as a lubricator merely for axle or journal
boxes for machinery of all kinds; also for car and carriage or wagon axles generally,
the same being produced by the ossification of plumbago and phosphate of lime.
I mix ground plumbago and phosphate of lime well together in any desired
proportions, varying twenty five to seventy five parts of either to the one
hundred of both, and make a paste by the addition of a solution of caustic silicate
of potash or soda. While in this pasty condition I mould, cast, or otherwise form
the box or bearing to suit the journal or axle to which it is to be applied, and then
dry and harden it by heat, either natural or artificial, from fifty to one hundred
and twenty degress Fahrenheit, to which it is exposed until thoroughly hard and
dry. I prefer to bake it in an oven, by which it may be sooner completed, and the
heat may be regulated and controlled to better advantage, according to the
....1

page_text: judgment of the operator. The boxes may be used in this condition, but to smooth
and render them less harsh and make them more serviceable and durable, I saturate
them when so dried and solidified with a mixture of melted tallow and crude
paraffine of about two hundred and twenty degrees temperature Fahrenheit, in
which I immerse them for about half an hour, but varying somewhat according to
the size of the article.
The proportions of the mixture of tallow and paraffine may be from twenty five
to seventy five per cent. of either to one hundred of both. For use as a lubricator
merely my Invention is not limited to the particular composition above described,
but consists of a lubricator of solid or thick pasty condition, constructed or shaped
in the form of the ordinary brass box or bearing used upon car axles, but possessing
in its composition antifriction or lubricating properties constituting a self lubri-
cating box or bearing, to be used in connection with the ordinary box or bearing,
by being arranged to bear against the axle, say under it, and pressed against it by
springs, so as to impart lubrication thereto, although I prefer to employ the
materials of the composition as described above. When using springs the anti-
friction or self lubricating bearing is of solidified plumbago and phosphate of lime,
possessing self lubricating properties capable of protecting the axle and the bearing
when used from cutting and heating, which said bearing I propose to construct,
when used for lubricating merely, so that the said lubricating material will not be
too cohesive, but will have sufficient solidity to be gently pressed against the axle
by springs with the required force to effect the lubrication, the power of the springs
being adjusted, and the mixture being tampered in its degree of hardness, so as to
yield the due measure for lubrication by the friction of the axle rubbing against it;
but the consistency of the bearing being sufficiently hard to resist compression by
the springs, and thus prevent any loss or waste of the lubricating material by being
squeezed out, as in the case when a pad of a spongy nature is pressed thereon by
springs for the application of oil. The said lubricating bearing is placed upon a
follower, against which the springs act, and said springs are preferably located
upon the bottom of the box, the arrangement being so that as the lubricator wears
away they raise the follower and keep the lubricant in contact with the axle, thus
constituting a self acting device, keeping the axle constantly and uniformly
supplied as long as the lubricant lasts. The front end of the box may be designed
to open sufficiently low down to allow of sliding in new bearings of lubricating
material when required, the follower being pressed down. In the making of this
lubricator, pressure may be employed to solidify the substances used if need be for
the making or forming of the said substance in a hard solid mass, or the same may
be effected by the chemical union of the ingredients of the mixture with or without
heat as required.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said Philip Middleton Justice in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 28th January 1882.
PHILIP MIDDLETON JUSTICE, of 14, Southampton Buildings, in the County of
Middlesex, Patent Agent. "IMPROVEMENTS IN AND CONNECTED WITH SELF
LUBRICATING JOURNAL OR AXLE BEARINGS OR BOXES AND LUBRICATING
DEVICES." A communication from abroad by Louis Bastet, of Brooklyn, in the
County of King's and State of New York, United States of America.
This Invention consists essentially of a new article of manufacture to be used
either as a self lubricating bearing or as a lubricator merely for axle or journal
boxes for machinery of all kinds; also for car and carriage or waggon axles
generally, the same being produced by the ossification of plumbago and phosphate
of lime. I mix ground plumbago and phosphate of lime well together in any
desired proportions, varying twenty five to seventy five parts of either to the one
hundred of both, and make a paste by the addition of a solution of caustic silicate
of potash or soda. While in this pasty condition I mould, cast, or otherwise form
the box or bearing to suit the journal or axle to which it is to be applied, and then
dry and harden it by heat, either natural or artificial, from fifty to one hundred
and twenty degrees Fahrenheit, to which it is exposed until thoroughly hard and
dry. I prefer to bake it in an oven by which it may be sooner completed, and
the heat may be regulated and controlled to better advantage according to the
judgement of the operator. The boxes may be used in this condition, but to
smooth and render them less harsh and make them more serviceable and durable,
I saturate them, when so dried and solidified, with a mixture of melted tallow and
crude paraffine of about two hundred and twenty degrees temperature, Fahrenheit,
in which I immerse them for about half an hour, but varying somewhat according
to the size of the article. The proportions of the mixture of tallow and paraffine
may be from twenty five to seventy five per cent. of either to one hundred of both.
For use as a lubricator merely, my Invention is not limited to the particular
composition above described, but consists of a lubricator of solid or thick pasty
condition, constructed or shaped in the form of the ordinary brass box or bearing
used upon car axles, but possessing in its composition, antifriction, or lubricating
properties, constituting a self lubricating box or bearing to be used in connection
with the ordinary box or bearing by being arranged to bear against the axle, say
under it, and pressed against it by springs so as to impart lubrication thereto,
although I prefer to employ the materials of the composition as described above.
To better and more clearly describe the method of applying and using said
lubricating material, reference is made to the accompanying Sheet of Drawings, in
which
Figure 1 represents the self lubricating composition when used as a car axle
box or bearing of ordinary form supporting the load.
Figure 2 represents a sectional end elevation of a car axle box on the line x, x,
(Figure 3), and shows the application of the self lubricating composition as a
lubricator merely to the underside of an axle on which the load is carried by the
ordinary bearing, the said self lubricating bearing being kept in contact with the
axle by springs which maintain the contact as long as any portion of the lubricator
remains, and thus ensure constant and uniform lubrication.
Figure 3 is a sectional elevation taken in the longitudinal direction of the axle.

page_text: In Figure 1 the box or bearing B is composed of the herein before described
composition, and may or may not be reenforced by a metal backing according as
the service is more or less trying to its power of cohesion.
In Figure 2 A represents the journal of the car axle on which the load is carried
by the ordinary brass or other metal bearing B and saddle C, or by other means;
D is the box or case for enclosing the axle and bearing, and is as used to contain
the ordinary lubricating material. When using springs the antifriction or self
lubricating bearing is of solidified plumbago and phosphate of lime, possessing self
lubricating properties, capable of protecting the axle and the bearing B when used
from cutting and heating, which said bearing I propose to construct when used
for lubricating merely as here shown, so that the said lubricating material will not
be too cohesive, but will have sufficient solidity to be gently pressed against the
axle by springs F with the requisite force to effect the lubrication, the power of
the springs being adjusted, and the mixture being tempered in its degree of
hardness, so as to yield the due measure for lubrication by the friction of the axle
rubbing against it, but the consistency of the bearing being sufficiently hard to
resist compression by the springs, and thus prevent any loss or waste of the
lubricating material by being squeezed out, as in the case when a pad of a spongy
nature is pressed thereon by springs for the application of oil. The said lubricating
bearing E is placed upon a follower G against which the springs act, and said
springs are preferably located upon the bottom H of the box D, the arrangement
being so that as the lubricator wears away they raise the follower and keep the
lubricant in contact with the axle, thus constituting a self acting device, keeping
the axle constantly and uniformly supplied as long as the lubricant lasts. The
front end of the box D may be designed to open sufficiently low down to allow of
sliding in new bearings E of lubricating material when required, the follower being
pressed down. In the making of this lubricatior pressure may be employed to
solidify the substances used, if need be, for the making or forming of the said
substances in a hard solid mass, or the same may be effected by the chemical union
of the ingredients of the mixture with or without heat as required.
I am aware that a pad of spongy material saturated with oil has been used with
springs to press it against the journal for the application of the oil, and I do not
clain broadly a device pressed by springs upon the journal or axle as a means of
applying oil, the Invention being a solidified device composed of lubricating
materials out of which the lubricating substance will not be squeezed by the
springs.
Having thus described the nature of the Invention of my foreign correspondent,
what I claim and desire to secure by Letters Patent is,―
1st. The improved article of manufacture consisting of plumbago, axle, or
journal boxes ossified with phosphate of lime, substantially as described.
2nd. The process herein described for the manufacture of axle or journal
boxes of plumbago and phosphate of lime, by the use of a solution of caustic silicate
of potash and soda, substantially as described.
3rd. The ossified plumbago composition for journal or axle. boxes or bearings,
saturated with a mixture of melted tallow and crude paraffine, substantially as
described.
4th. The process herein described for the manufacture of journal or axle boxes,
consisting of first mixing plumbago and phosphate of lime; second, adding thereto
a solution of caustic silicate of potash or soda, and forming a paste therewith;
third, moulding or otherwise forming the boxes or bearings from said paste;
fourth, drying, baking, and hardening the same with heat; and finally, saturating
the said boxes or bearings with a mixture of melted tallow and paraffine,
substantially as hereinbefore described.
5th. The combination of a solidified self lubricating bearing itself composed
essentially of lubricating elements, with a car axle and spring for maintaining the

page_text: contact of the same with the axle, the said bearing being noncompressible by the
springs, substantially as described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Philip Middleton Justice, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Twenty seventh day of January, in the year of our
Lord 1882
Signed, sealed, and delivered
in presence of
ALLEN P. JONES,
14, Southampton Bldgs.,
W.C.,
London.
PHILIP M. JUSTICE. (L.S.)