IMPROVEMENTS IN Loco- MOTIVES, TRACTION ENGINES, AND OTHER CARRIAGES MOVED BY STEAM POWER
Year: 1873

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Samuel Arnold Samuelson, of Hamburg, in the
Empire of Germany, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN Loco-
MOTIVES, TRACTION ENGINES, AND OTHER CARRIAGES MOVED BY STEAM POWER."
Sealed the 5th December 1873, and dated the 23rd June 1873.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Samuel Arnold
Samuelson at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
his Petition, on the 23rd June 1973.
I, SAMUEL ARNOLD SAMUELSON, of Hamburg, in the Empire. of
Germany, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for “Im-
PROVEMENTS IN LOCOMOTIVES, TRACTION ENGINES, AND OTHER CARRIAGES MOVED BY
STEAM POWER," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to the construction of the mechanism for trans-
mitting motion from the engine to the driving wheels when the engine
shaft has to revolve at a quicker speed than the wheels.
I
The proper working of such locomotives can only be obtained if the
following conditions are fulfilled :-

page_text: upon springs, must be free to play up or down without interfering with
the action of the driving mechanism.
2. In some cases such carriage must also be free to move slightly to
the right or left without interfering with the action of the driving
gear.
3. The driving gear must not interfere with the free action of the
springs.
By arranging the driving mechanism in the manner herein-after
described all these conditions are fulfilled.
The boiler, steam engine, and engine shaft are mounted upon the
upper carriage, which is hung on springs. On the engine shaft is fixed
pinion gearing into a larger toothed wheel on the axle of the driving
wheels, this toothed wheel is not fast upon the axle, but is coupled to it
by means of a spiral spring.
'
In order to keep the engine shaft at the proper distance from the axle
for the toothed wheels to remain correctly in gear with one another the
engine shaft is coupled to the axle or to the nave of the wheel by one
or two rods. The rods are connected to the shaft and axle by ball and
socket joints, so that the rods are free to incline somewhat to either of
them.
The toothed wheel is formed of a ring of teeth carried between two
'discs, which are capable of turning around the axle. Between the discs
is situated the spiral spring before mentioned. The outer end of the
spring is attached to the toothed ring, whilst its inner end is attached to
a collar keyed on to the axle ; thus the toothed ring is to some extent
free to turn without giving a corresponding movement to the axle.
In case of the engine being driven backwards, a bar, fixed between
the discs, comes against a projection on the coilar, which is keyed to the
axle, and by this means any liability to break the spring when driving
back wards is avoided.
When a fixed axle is used, the toothed wheels are connected in a
similar manner to that above described to the naves of the wheels in
place of to the axle.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Samuel Arnold Samuelson in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 23rd December 1873.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, SAMUEL
ARNOLD SAMUELSON, of Hamburg, in the Empire of Germany, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her Most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-third day of June, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-three, in the thirty-
seventh year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give
and grant unto me, the said Samuel Arnold Samuelson, Her special
license that I, the said Samuel Arnold Samuelson, my executors, ad-
ministrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Samuel Arnold
Samuelson, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any
time agree with and no others, from time to time and at all times
thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawful might
make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdc.of Great
Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, au In-
vention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN LOCOMOTIVES, TRACTION ENGINES, AND OTHER
CARRIAGES MOVED BY STEAM POWER," upon the condition (amongst others)
that I, the said Samuel Arnold Samuelson, my executors or admini-
strators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their
hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature.
of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be per-
formed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office
within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the
said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Samuel Arnold Samuelson, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the
same is to be, performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in
and by the following statement thereof, that is to say.:-
This Invention relates to the construction of the mechanism for trans-
mitting motion from the engine to the driving wheels when the engine
haft has to revolve at a quicker speed than the wheels.

page_text: The proper working of such locomotives can only be obtained if the
following conditions are fulfilled :-
1. The carriage upon which the engine is mounted, and which is hung
upon springs, must be free to play up or down without interfering with
the action of the driving mechanism.
2. In some cases such carriage must also be free to move slightly
to the right or left without interfering with the action of the driving
gear.
3. The driving gear must not interfere with the free action of the
springs.
By arranging the driving mechanism in the
described all these conditions are fulfilled.
manner herein-after
The boiler, steam engine, and engine shaft are mounted upon the
uppèr carriage, which is hung on springs. On the engine shaft is fixed
a pinion gearing into a larger toothed wheel on the axle of the driving
wheels, this toothed wheel is not fast upon the axle, but is coupled to it
by means of a spiral spring.
In order to keep the engine shaft at the proper distance from the axle
for the toothed wheels to remain correctly in gear with one another,
the engine shaft is coupled to the axle or to the nave of the wheel by
one or two rods. The rods are connected to the shaft and axle by ball
and socket joints, so that the rods are free to incline somewhat to either
of them.
The toothed wheel is formed of a ring of teeth carried between two
discs, which are capable of turning around the axle. Between the discs
is situated the spiral spring before mentioned. The outer end of the
spring is attached to the toothed ring, whilst its inner end is attached to
a collar keyed on to the axle; thus the toothed ring is to some extent
free to turn without giving a corresponding movement to the axle.
In case of the engine being driven backwards, a bar fixed between
the discs comes against a projection on the collar, which is keyed to the
axle, and by this means any liability to break the spring when driving
backwards is avoided..
When a fixed axle is used, the toothed wheels are connected in a
similar manner to that above described to the naves of the wheels in
place of to the axle.

page_text: 5. Figure 1 is an horizontal section of the mechanism by which I actuate
the driving wheels of a locomotive or traction engine, or carriage moved
by steam power, in cases where the driving wheels are fixed upon their
axle.
a, a, is a bracket or brackets of any convenient shape fixed upon the
) upper carriage, which is hung with springs; b, b, are bearings fixed to a
and carrying the shaft c of the engine; d is a pinion upon this shaft; it
gears with the toothed ring e, to which the discs or plates f, f, are fixed,
one on either side, by means of bolts g. The axle of the driving wheels
passes through the centre of the discs f, f; they are able to turn freely
upon the axle, on which and between them the boss his keyed fast.
The spiral spring is secured at one end to the boss, and at the
other end to the toothed ring e, as is clearly seen in Figure 2, which
shews a section of these parts taken at right angles to the axle; z is a
stop fixed to the plates or discs f, which when the engine is worked
backwards, comes in contact with a projection upon the boss h, and
relieves the spring / from strain tending to uncoil it.
The links o and p, one of which is shewn separately in Figure 3, couple
the shaft c with the axle q of the driving wheels, one of which is shewn
in Figure 1, and is marked ". The coupling rods or links embrace
globular enlargements on the axes c and q, so that c is free to move
around q, and also endwise as far as is requisite to allow the springs of
the carriage to play freely.
The general arrangement of the working parts of an engine, in which
this mechanism is used to transmit the power of the engine and the
driving wheels is shewn by the Figures on Sheet 2 of the Drawings.
Figure 4 shews similar mechanism applied where the driving wheels
are loose upon the axle. In this case each wheel is geared separately,
and the mechanism is applied to the boss of the wheel in place of to the
axle.

page_text: The general arrangement of the engine is shewn by the. Figures on
Sheet 3 of the Drawings..
Having thus described the nature of my said Invention and the
manner of performing the same, I would have it understood that I claim
as my improvements in locomotives, traction engines, and other carriages
moved by steam power, the mechanism substantially as described for
transmitting motion from the engine to the driving wheels, such
mechanism consisting of links or coupling rods connecting the driving
shaft of the engine with the axle, and a spring giving freedom to the
driving gear, so that it may be able to accommodate itself to the play
of the springs on which the engine carriage is hung..
In witness whereof, I, the said Samuel Arnold Samuelson, have
hereunto set my hand and seal, this Eighth day of December,
in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-
three.
S. A. SAMUELSON. (L.B.)