IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR < APPARATUS FOR EXCAVATING DELIVERING REMOVING TIPPING AND DEPOSITING EARTH OR OTHER SUBSTANCES."
Year: 1883

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Fredrick Sang of St. Helen's Place in the City
of Loudon Architect and Engineer for an Invention of IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY
OR
<
APPARATUS FOR EXCAVATING DELIVERING REMOVING
TIPPING AND DEPOSITING EARTH OR OTHER SUBSTANCES."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Fredrick Sang at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 26th May 1883.
"
JOHN FREDRICK SANG of St Helen's Place in the City of London Architect
and Engineer IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR EXCAVATING
DELIVERING REMOVING TIPPING AND DEPOSITING EARTH OR OTHER SUBSTANCES
"
This invention relates partly to improvements upon the machinery for excavating
earth described in the specification to my patent N° 4693 A.D 1882 and partly to
improved apparatus for effecting in a more simple and economical manner the
removal delivering tipping and depositing of the excavated earth or other
substance and consists in the first place in the application and use of a compound
or adjustable telescopic sliding frame with which the spades are connected working
in suitable guides mounted on a double traversing platform whereby facility is
afforded for excavating the trench or cutting to any desired depth without lowering
the travelling platform of the machine. For this purpose I make the said sliding
frame of two or more sections or lengths each capable of sliding within the other.
A row of spades is attached to the lower end of the inner section of the compound
adjustable sliding frame to which inner section are attached racks or screw spindles
driven by toothed pinions or nuts actuated by steam or other power for imparting
the necessary longitudinal reciprocating motion to the said section for the purpose
of slicing off the earth from the end of the trench to a given depth say for example
seven feet.
Whilst the inner section is in operation the outer sections of the
telescopic frame are locked in position by suitable sliding or other catches but
when it is required to excavate a further depth of say seven feet the second or next
outer section is released and the inner section carried down to the further depth
required carrying along with it the second section by coming in contact with stops
thereon. The second section having been thus lowered is again locked and the
spades on the inner section continue their operation as before the said inner section
sliding to and fro inside the second section as a guide but at a depth of say fourteen
feet and so on each section being lowered in succession until the proper depth has

page_text: been attained. In some cases the spades may be made reversible so as to cut both
in the upward and downward movement.
A somewhat similar arrangement of telescopic frame may be applied to the
endless chains of elevator troughs for the purpose of enabling the elevator to be
lowered or extended as may be required. In lieu of discharging the loose earth
excavated by the spades and raised to the surface by the elevator direct into trucks
or wagons running along an inclined railway specially constructed on the bank
heretofore employed I substitute for such trucks or wagons and railway a continuous
action endless travelling delivering and tipping band driven by steam or other
motive power which conveys the earth or other substance discharged thereon by the
elevator or otherwise to any locality where it is required to be tipped or deposited.
This endless band may be composed of stout canvas or any suitable strong and
flexible fabric or series of jointed slats of wood or metal and passes round an
actuating and a carrier drum at opposite ends the intermediate portion of the
band being supported at convenient distances by supporting rollers. The said band
with its actuating and carrier drums and supporting rollers is mounted between
planks placed edgewise along each side which planks project sufficiently above the
The
surface of the band to prevent the earth or other substance from falling off.
whole is carried by a series of jointed X shaped adjustable trestles or short shear
legs disposed in pairs connected together by transverse tie bars or rods of wood or
metal forming the hinge pin or pivot of each trestle at the intersection of the legs.
The feet of the trestle legs rest upon supporting frames or sleepers provided with
notches or projections on their surface into which corresponding tie rods or bars
between the legs of the opposite pairs of trestles or the feet of the legs themselves
engage thereby forming a firm and rigid support. By opening out or closing the
legs more or less and adjusting them into corresponding notches the height of
the travelling band can be adjusted and maintained as required and any required
gradient or inclination can be given thereto. In order to effect the tipping or
discharge of the earth laterally from off the band at any given place I so adjust one
or more of the supporting rollers over which the band passes just before arriving
at the tipping place as to cause the band to rise to a level with the upper edges of
the side planks and 1 further dispose one or more of the supporting rollers so thit
their axes shall be at a vertical angle say 45° whereby one edge of the band as it
travels over the angularly disposed rollers will be gradually tilted up to a sufficient
height to ensure the discharging of the earth laterally as the band is travelling. Or
in lieu of rollers placed at a vertical angle directors or scrapers placed at any desired
angle diagonally to the direction of travel of the band may be disposed above the
surface of the said delivering band for diverting the earth therefrom to either side
required. Other scrapers or
"Doctors" should be fixed at suitable intervals
beneath the lower or returning portion of the band in order to remove any super-
fluous earth or other matter adhering thereto. This endless delivering and tipping
band may either be employed on the surface or at the bottom of an excavation in
the latter case it may be caused to tip the earth into a funnel shaped receiver in
the centre of which is pivotted the jib of a crane capable of rotation and of being
raised or lowered to any desired angle or elevation such jib carrying an endless
chain of elevator buckets driven by steam or other power which dip into the
receiver at the bottom and raise the earth therefrom to the surface discharging it
at any desired point.
In some cases the elevator frames in connection with the excavator may be
hinged together at their lower end to admit of their being opened out for use or
closed together in a more compact condition for facilitating the passing of the
timbers for which purpose provision may be made for lifting the entire elevator to
any desired height and lowering it again for operation.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent and of an
Order of the Lord Chancellor filed by the said John Fredrick Sang in the
Great Seal Patent Office on the 19th December 1883.
«
JOHN FREDRICK SANG of St. Helens Place in the City of London Architect
and Engineer.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR EXCAVATING
DELIVERING REMOVING TIPPING AND DEPOSITING EARTH OR OTHER SUBSTANCES
""
My said Invention relates partly to improvements upon the machinery for
excavating earth described in the specification to my patent No 4693 A.D. 1882
and partly to improved apparatus for effecting in a more simple and economical
manner than heretofore the removal delivering tipping and depositing of the
excavated earth or other substance
And in order that my said invention may be fully understood I shall now
proceed more particularly to describe the same and for that purpose shall refer to,
the several figures on the explanatory sheet of drawings hereunto annexed the
same letters of reference indicating corresponding parts in all the corresponding
figures.
Figure 1 of my drawings is a side elevation and figure 2 a corresponding back
elevation of so much of the excavating machine described in the specification to
my said former patent as is necessary to illustrate the mode of applying and
carrying out this first part of my present invention. The parts corresponding to
those in the said former specification are indicated by corresponding letters of
reference and need not therefore be further described here. Figure 3 is a
horizontal detail section taken along the line 1-2 in figures 1 and 2 and drawn to
a larger scale.
The first part of my present invention consists in the application and use to and
in an excavating machine of a compound or adjustable telescopic sliding frame
composed of the two frames f and f¹ combined (the spades being carried by the
frame f) in lieu of using a single sliding frame as described in the said former
specification. This compound or telescopic frame works between the fixed
guides e e mounted either vertically or at any desired angle the double traversing
platform a whereby greater facility is afforded for excavating the trench or cutting
to any desired depth and for guiding the cutter frame f in its lowered position as
the trench deepens. For this purpose I make the said compound telescopic sliding
frame of two or more sections or lengths f and f¹ the one frame or section f which
I call the cutter frame being capable of sliding within the other frame or section f¹
which I call the adjustable guiding frame. A row of spades g is attached to the
lower end of the inner section or cutter frame f of the compound telescopic frame
to which inner section are attached racks or screw spindles h driven by toothed
pinions i mounted on the shaft k or by nuts (as the case may be) actuated by
steam or other power for imparting the necessary longitudinal reciprocating motion
to the said cutter frame or section f for slicing off the earth from the end of the
trench to a given depth (say for example seven feet.) Whilst the inner section f
is in operation the outer section f¹ of the telescopic frame is locked in position
by suitable sliding or other catches r engaging into notches s in the section f¹
but when it is required to excavate to a further depth of say seven feet, the outer
section f¹ is released (by withdrawing the catches r) and allowed to descend along
with the inner section f to the further depth required carrying along with it the
inner section by coming in contact with the cross bar f" at the lower end. The
outer section f¹ having been thus lowered is again locked and the spades on the
inner section of continue their operation as before the said inner section sliding to

page_text: and fro longitudinally inside the outer section f¹ as a guide but lowered so as to
cut to a depth of say fourteen feet and so on the two sections being lowered say
seven feet at intervals until the proper depth has been attained. The racks should
of course be long enough to allow of this lowering of the section f. At each fresh
adjustment of say seven feet downwards the outer section is again locked or fixed
by the catches 7. A similar arrangement of adjustable elevator to that described
in my said former specification may obviously be used in conjunction with the
improved excavating arrangement and carried on one and the same travelling
platform therewith but as this elevator has been fully described and shown in the
said specification I have not considered it necessary to illustrate the same in my
present drawings.
In lieu of discharging the loose earth excavated by the spades and raised to the
surface by the elevator direct into trucks or wagons running along an inclined
railway specially constructed on the bank as heretofore I substitute for such
trucks or wagons and railway a continuous action endless travelling delivering
and tipping band A. driven by steam or other motive power. This band is shown
in side elevation and plan at figures 4 and 5 and in end view at figure 8. It
conveys the earth or other substance discharged thereon whether by an elevator
or otherwise to any locality where it is required to be tipped or deposited. This
endless band A may be composed of stout canvass or any suitable strong and
flexible fabric or of a series of transverse jointed slats of wood or metal and.
passes round an actuating and a carrier drum B and C at opposite ends thereof
the intermediate portion of the band being supported at convenient distances by
Bupporting rollers D. The said band with its actuating and carrier drums or
rollers and supporting rollers is mounted between planks E placed edgewise along
each side which planks project sufficiently above the surface of the band to prevent
the earth or other substance from falling off (see figures 4 and 8). The whole is
carried by a series of jointed X shaped adjustable trestles or short shear legs F
disposed in pairs connected together by tie bars or rods of wood or metal G
forming the hinge pin or pivot of each trestle at the intersection of the legs. The
feet of the trestle legs rest in supporting troughs or sleepers H tied together and
provided with holes in the side through which and through the feet of the trestle
legs cross pins 1 are inserted thereby forming a firm and rigid support. By
opening out or closing the legs more or less and adjusting the cross pins into
corresponding holes the height of the travelling band can be adjusted and
maintained as required and any required gradient or inclination can be given
thereto. In ordinary cases the carth deposited on the band will be discharged at
one end over one of the end drums B C (figure 4) but in order to effect the tipping
or discharging of the earth laterally from off the band at any given intermediate
place by preference so adjust one or more of the supporting rollers D (over
which the band passes) just before arriving at the tipping place as to cause the
band to rise to a level with the upper edges of the side planks E and I further
dispose one or more of the supporting rollers so that their axes shall be at a
vertical angle of say 45° as shown at D₁ (figures 6 and 7) whereby one edge of
the band as it travels over the angularly disposed roller or rollers will be gradually
tilted up to a sufficient height to ensure the discharge of the earth laterally as the
band is travelling. The said angularly disposed rollers may be mounted in
moveable standards or frames K placed in any desired positions or at suitable
intervals along the tops of the side planks E.
Scrapers or "Doctors" not shown in my drawings may be fixed at suitable
intervals beneath the lower or returning portion of the band in order to clean the
band by removing any superfluous earth or other matter adhering thereto. This
endless delivering and tipping band may either be employed on the surface or bank
or at the bottom of an excavation in the latter case it may be caused to tip the
earth into a funnel shaped receiver L (see figures 4 and 5) in which is pivotted a
frame or support M after the manner of the jib of a crane capable of rotation
round its vertical pivot N and of being adjusted to any desired vertical angle or

page_text: elevation round the horizontal axle N¹ as shown in the said figures such frame
or support carrying an endless chain of elevator buckets or shelves OO driven by
steam or other power which dip into the receiver at the bottom and raise the earth
therefrom to the surface discharging it at any desired point. The said elevator is
mounted on a radial platform P supported by rollers or otherwise and capable
of being moved round the pivot pin N to any horizontal angle required.
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of my said
Invention and the manner in which the same is or may be used or carried into
effect I would observe in conclusion that what I consider to be novel and original
and therefore claim as the Invention secured to me by the hereinbefore in part
recited Letters Patent is:-
First. In an excavating machine the combination of a stationary guide mounted
on a double travelling platform a sliding adjustable guide frame capable of being
set or adjusted and fixed at different heights in the stationary guides according to
the depth of the excavation and an inner frame carrying spades or cutters and
having a longitudinal reciprocating motion inside the said adjustable guide frame
derived from racks and pinions or equivalent mechanism driven by steam or other
power substantially as and for the purpose hereinbefore described and illustrated
by figures 1, 2 and 3 of my drawings.
Second. The application and use of a continuous action endless travelling
delivering or tipping band supported on adjustable trestles and driven by steam
or other power substantially as and for the purpose hereinbefore described and
illustrated by figures 4 and 5 of my drawings.
Third. The combination with the said continuous action endless travelling
delivering or tipping band of one or more supporting rollers disposed transversely
to the band at a vertical angle for the purpose of delivering or tipping the
excavated earth laterally from off such band at any desired place substantially
as herein before described and illustrated by figures 6 and 7 of my drawings.
Fourth. The combination with the said continuous action endless travelling
delivering or tipping band of an elevation adjustable to any desired vertical or
horizontal angle substantially as and for the purpose hereinbefore described and
illustrated by figures 4 and 5 of my drawings.
Fifth. The combination with the said elevator and endless travelling tipping
band of a hopper or receiver for collecting and receiving the earth as it is tipped
from off the band either at the end or side thereof and presenting the same to the
buckets or shelves of the elevator substantially as and for the purpose hereinbefore
described and illustrated by figures 4 and 5 of my drawings.
In Witness whereof I the said John Fredrick Sang have hereunto set my
hand and seal this eighteenth day of December in the year of our Lord one
thousand eight hundred and eighty three.
J: FRED": SANG
(L.S.)