IMPROVEMENTS IN HEATING AND ARRANGING OVENS
Year: 1855

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Denis Hébert, of 28, Rue Marbeuf, Paris, Director
of the Boulangerie Economique, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
HEATING AND ARRANGING OVENS."-A communication from Alexis Lurine.
Sealed the 4th April 1856, and dated the 10th October 1855.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Denis Hébert at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 10th
October 1855.
I, DENIS HÉBERT, of 28, Rue Marbeuf, Paris, Director of the Boulangerie
Economique, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN HEATING AND ARRANGING OVENS " to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in a manner of heating ovens by the waste heat
from a steam boiler furnace. After that the flame and heated gases have
circulated in the flues round the boiler, they enter tubes of cast iron or other
material placed in a chamber under the first oven; from these tubes the heated
gases pass into a chamber on the top of the first oven, and under the second
oven, and from thence into a chamber on the top of the second oven, so that
each of the ovens is heated by two chambers, one placed under and another
over the said oven; and in these chambers there is placed a copper steam pipe,
communicating at each end with the boiler, the object of which is partially to

page_text: heat the ovens; and from these steam pipes there are branches which com-
municate with the interior of each of the ovens, so that a jet of steam can be
thrown on to the surface of the bread while it is baking for the purpose of
improving its color.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Denis Hebert in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
9th April 1856.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, DENIS
HEBERT, of 28, Rue Marbeuf, Paris, Director of the Boulangerie Economique,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Tenth day of October, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-five, in the nineteenth year of Her
reign, did; for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said Denis Hebert, Her special licence that I, the said Denis Hebert, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Denis
Hebert, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the
term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN HEATING AND
ARRANGING OVENS," (a communication from Alexis Lurine,) upon the condition
(amongst others) that I, the said Denis Hebert, my executors or administrators,
by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and
seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Inven-
tion, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same
to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next
and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Denis Hebert, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement thereof, that is to say,:-
This Invention consists in a manner of heating ovens by the waste heat
from a steam boiler furnace. After that the flame and heated gases have
circulated in the flues round the boiler, they enter tubes of cast iron or other
material placed in a chamber under the first oven; from these tubes the

page_text: DESUMATION
The several Figures of the Drawing shew an oven for baking, combined
according to the Invention with a steam boiler in such a manner, that the oven
is heated by the flame and heated gases which escape from the flues of the
steam boiler furnace.
Figure 1 is a front elevation; Figures 2 are sections, taken at the line A, B,
Figures 3 to 7; Figure 3 is a horizontal section, taken at the line C, D,
Figure 2; and Figures 4, 5, 6, and 7, are also horizontal sections, taken
at the lines E, F, G, H, I, K, and L, M, Figure 2, respectively; and Figure 8
is a vertical section at the line N, O, Figures 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7.
a is a steam boiler, which may be used to supply steam to a steam engine
giving motion to. millstones for grinding corn, or for giving motion to
mechanical kneading apparatus, or the steam may be used for other purposes;
b is a flue or chimney into which the flame and heated gases escape after circu-
lating in flues of the boiler; d is a register which closes the chimney 6 when
the oven is to be heated; e is another register which is then opened for the
passage of the flame and heated gases; F is a small fire-place through which
the current passes; it contains a small fire of coke or charcoal, which consumes
the smoke from the steam boiler furnace. The small fire at F also, when at
any time the steam boiler is out of use, serves alone to heat the oven. The
flame and gases then pass through the cast-iron tubes G contained in the
chamber II, Figure 3, and which tubes lead the gases into the chamber I,
Figure 5, which contains a series of perforated partitions of brick. From
this chamber the current passes by the passage J to the chamber K, Figure 7,
similarly divided by brick partitions. L is a passage by which the gases escape
into the upper part of the chimney b; h is a register placed in the passage L to

page_text: regulate the draft; N and M, Figures 4 and 6, are the chambers or ovens in
which the baking is performed; they communicate with the bottom chamber H
by means of the passages q, q', formed in the brickwork; the partitions between
the chambers H, I, K, N, M, are formed of iron plates, suitably supported by
bars of the same material. In the baking chambers or ovens N, M, the iron
floors are covered with bricks or tiles. T is a steam pipe having a valve or
cock at S. The pipe T passes through the steam boiler furnace P, by which
the steam passing through the pipe T becomes heated; this pipe has branches
which enter the chambers N and M, and which terminate in roses, so that by
turning suitable cocks jets of heated steam may be caused to play over the
bread in the oven.
And I would remark, that by so applying the steam when the operation of
baking is nearly completed, the appearance of the bread is improved. In
order to heat the ovens more rapidly, I sometimes place coils of the steam
pipe T in the chambers N and M; but this is not ordinarily necessary. When
the oven is to be heated, the register d is closed, and the registers e and h are
opened; and when the oven is sufficiently heated, as is shewn by the thermo-
meters O, O, the position of the registers are reversed, and the bread or other
substance to be baked is introduced into the chambers N and M.
Having thus described the nature of the Invention, and the manner of per-
forming the same, I would have it understood that I do not confine myself to
the exact details described; but what I claim is, the combining of a baking
oven with a steam boiler in such a manner that the oven is heated by
the flame and heated gases which escape from the flues of the steam boiler
furnace. I also claim the causing of a jet of steam to play over the surface
of the bread while baking, as herein-before described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Denis Hebert, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this First day of April, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and fifty-six.
Witness,
L. POUDRA.
DENIS HÉBERT. (L.S.)