LAMPS FOR STREETS, WHICH EPPECTUATE AND REGULATE THE COMBUSTION OF A CERTAIN PURIFIED ESSENTIAL OIL OR SPIRIT OBTAINED FROM DIFFERENT LIQUEOUS, CARBONACEOUS, OR BITUMINOUS SUBSTANCES USUALLY CALLED SPIRIT OF TAR, OR OIL OF TAR, AND ALSO WORKING OR. MAKING A MANUFACTURE, BEING AN ARRANGEMENT OR ARRANGEMENTS OF PARTS OP LAMPS, WHEREBY ALL OTHER LAMPS, IN WHICH FLAME IS INCLOSED AS IN STREET LAMPS, WITHIN GLASS VESSELS, OR CASES, CAPABLE OF TRANSMITTING LIGHT, AND OF PROTECTING THE FLAME FROM THE WIND AND WEATHER, ARE ADAPTED TO THE PRODUCTION OF A CLEAR LIGHT, BY THE COMBUSTION OR DECOMPOSITION OF THE SAID PURIFIED OIL OR SPIRIT THEREIN
Year: 1818

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, SIR
THOMAS COCHRANE, Knight, commonly called Lord Cochrane, send greeting.
WHEREAS His present most Excellent Majesty King George the Third,
did, by His Royal Letters Patent under the Great Seal of the United Kingdom
of Great Britain and Ireland, bearing date at Westminster, the Eighth day of
April, in the fifty-eighth year of His reign, give and grant unto me, the said
Sir Thomas Cochrane, commonly called Lord Cochrane, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, His especial licence, full power, sole privilege,
and authority, that I, the said Sir Thomas Cochrane, commonly called Lord
Cochrane, my executors, administrators, and assigns, during the term of years
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, the
working or making of a manufacture, being "LAMPS FOR STREETS, WHICH
EPPECTUATE AND REGULATE THE COMBUSTION OF A CERTAIN PURIFIED ESSENTIAL OIL
OR SPIRIT OBTAINED FROM DIFFERENT LIQUEOUS, CARBONACEOUS, OR BITUMINOUS
SUBSTANCES USUALLY CALLED SPIRIT OF TAR, OR OIL OF TAR, AND ALSO WORKING
OR. MAKING A MANUFACTURE, BEING AN ARRANGEMENT OR ARRANGEMENTS OF PARTS
OP LAMPS, WHEREBY ALL OTHER LAMPS, IN WHICH FLAME IS INCLOSED AS IN STREET
LAMPS, WITHIN GLASS VESSELS, OR CASES, CAPABLE OF TRANSMITTING LIGHT, AND OF
PROTECTING THE FLAME FROM THE WIND AND WEATHER, ARE ADAPTED TO THE
PRODUCTION OF A CLEAR LIGHT, BY THE COMBUSTION OR DECOMPOSITION OF THE SAID
PURIFIED OIL OR SPIRIT THEREIN;" within England, Wales, and the Town
of Berwick upon Tweed, in such manner as to me, the said Sir Thomas
Cochrane, commonly called Lord Cochrane, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, should in our discretion seem meet; in which said Letters Patent

page_text: is contained a proviso that if I, the said Sir Thomas Cochrane, commonly called
Lord Cochrane, should not particularly describe and ascertain the nature of
my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, by an
instrument in writing under my hand and seal, and cause the same to be inrolled
in His Majesty's High Court of Chancery within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent, that then the said Letters
Patent, and all liberties and advantages whatsoever thereby granted, should
utterly cease, determine, and become void, as in and by the said recited Letters
Patent, relation being thereunto had, may more fully and at large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
Sir Thomas Cochrane, commonly called Lord Cochrane, do hereby declare
that the nature of my said Invention, and the manner in which the same is
performed, are particularly described and ascertained in manner following (that
is to say)
My manufacture of lamps for streets, which effectuate and regulate the
combustion of the essential oil aforesaid, consists in working or making the
said lamps in such a manner as to prevent the wasteful evaporation or dissipa-
tion of the spirit or essential oil, and in constructing or forming the burner or
wickholder of a length proportioned to the volatility of the said essential oil or
spirit compared to that of the viscous oil of whales, or of other gross and sluggish
oils now in use; and my manufacture of parts of lamps consists in making
such parts as when added to common oil lamps, render them fit for the com-
bustion of the more volatile spirit or essential oil aforesaid. Now the means
by which I effect the purposes aforesaid more particularly are, I place the
reservoir wherein the said spirit or essential oil is contained, on the exterior of
the glass vessel or case, so as to be sufficiently distant from the heated burner
to prevent the too rapid ignition or dissipation of the inflammable vapour,
which flies off from the said spirit or essential oil at about one third of the tem-
perature which is required to raise in fumes the whale and common glutinous
oils, and I further effect the due and gradual combustion of the spirit or
essential oil by raising or elongating the burner or wickholder so far above the
surface of the spirit or essential oil as shall sufficiently retard the capillary
transmission and produce the effect of preventing the too rapid approach
thereof to the flame. In order, however, more fully to exemplify the mode of
working or making the manufacture aforesaid, let A, A, Figure 1st be a common
glass vessel or case, having an aperture B situated in a convenient; place let C
represent my external reservoir, connected (as I prefer) by a small tube D, to
my elongated wickholder E, which I prefer shall reach two and a half or three
inches more or less above the surface of the spirit or essential oil contained in

page_text: the reservoir C, when a single flame is used, and from three to three and a
half inches, more or less, with a circular or double flame; and if three or more
contiguous flames are required, such flames should be four or five inches, more
or less, according to the intensity of the heat, above the surface of the reservoir,
because of the rapid conversion of the spirit or essential oil which approaches
the flame thro' the heated tube into a gaseous or inflammable vapour. But the
height of the burner may be less, as results somewhat similar to those produced
by lengthening the capillary attraction may be procured by other simple devices,
namely, by confining close woven wicks, or common wicks within narrow burners,
clammes, or spaces, to retain the transmission of the spirit or essential oil, or
asbestos may be used in the same manner, and common sand or any bad
capillary conductor may be poured into the burner further to restrain the flow
to the wick, and the supply of the said spirit or essential oil may be retarded or
moderated by filling the reservoir C with loose cotton, wool, or other spongy
material, which will gradually part with the spirit or essential oil poured
thereon, provided that the said cotton, wool, or other such substance is con-
nected thro' D, Figures 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 4th, with the wick which unites the
capillary attraction to the point of combustion, and the spirit or essential oil in
the reservoir may be preserved sufficiently cool by means of a tortuous tube, as
shewn at F, F, or by the interposition of any substance which is a bad
conductor of heat, (for instance, horn, bone, or wood,) placed between the
point of combustion and the reservoir, as may be familiarly exemplified by
reference to the manner of guarding the metallic handles of tea-pots, and so
preserving them tolerably cool. But the reservoir if closely covered may
placed within the lamp, provided that the inflammable vapour of the spirit or
essential oil is prevented from escaping, except at the aperture on which the
flame is situated, where the said vapour will be (tho' irregularly) consumed.
Figure 2nd represents the parts of Figure 1st joined together, my elon-
gated burner, wickholder, or regulator of combustion E, being inserted thro'
the aperture B, B. Fig. 3rd exhibits a glass vessel or case with the
aperture B, B, otherwise situated, and wherein the flow of the spirit or
essential oil to the flame is chiefly regulated by a lengthened horizontal
capillary attraction D, E, from the reservoir C, which mode of filling possesses
the peculiar advantage of allowing the direct rays of light to fall on the ground
perpendicularly beneath the flame, from which the light in all common lamps
is obstructed by the interposition of the burners. This may be made in the
form of a snake, or in any ornamental shape that may be preferred. Figure 4th
is a lamp fitted with a siphon D, which, by the known principle of siphons,
connects the wick and oil holder (E and C). Now to exemplify in the
be

page_text: plainest manner my manufacture of parts of lamps aforesaid, let H be a
common oil holder, with a single burner E, such as is used in the streets, and
let K represent an oil holder, with a double burner, which is sometimes
adopted; it is obvious that if the spirit or essential oil aforesaid were kindled
(like common oil) at the usual points E, E, E, (Figures H and K) the surface
of the spirit being exposed and heated, would almost instantaneously evaporate
and take fire, to prevent which I cover the said oil holders with a close cover,
soldered down or otherwise attached, having only a small aperture N, on which
may be affixed a cap, and I elongate the burners E, E, E, and separate them
from the reservoir or oil holder by the tubes D, D, D, as shewn by Figures L, M.
The argand glass chimney Q, Q, Figs. 5 & 6, may be beneficially applied to
these and to other burners adapted to the combustion of the essential oil or
spirit aforesaid, but it may be proper to add, for the more full understanding of
the best mode of using the said spirit or essential oil in street lamps and lamps
whereof the flame is inclosed glass vessels or cases, that on account of the
great quantity of oxygen which is necessary to complete its combustion, I
prefer to use my before-mentioned improvements for effectuating and regu-
lating the combustion of the essential oil or spirit conjointly with my means of
drawing a supply of atmospheric air thro', near, or upon the flame, as fully
described in the Specification of a Patent for "A Method or Methods of more
completely lighting Cities, Towns, and Villages," granted to me by His Majesty
in the fifty-third year of His reign, and also conjointly with my "Method
or Methods of regulating the Atmospheric Pressure in Lamps, and preserving
Uniform Intensity of Light," for which also a Patent was granted in the fifty-
fourth year of His Majesty's reign, and which are fully described in the Speci-
fication thereof, to which methods I do not by virtue of my present Patent
make any additional claim. But that which I claim by virtue thereof is the
working or making a manufacture, being lamps for streets, which effectuate and
regulate the combustion of a certain purified essential oil or spirit obtained from
different liqueous, carbonaceous, or bituminous substances, usually called spirit
of tar or oil of tar, and also the working or making a manufacture, being parts
of lamps, whereby all other lamps in which flame is inclosed, as in street lamps
within glass vessels or cases, capable of transmitting light and protecting the
flame from wind and weather, are adapted to the production of a clear light by
the combustion or decomposition of the said purified oil or spirit therein, and
the use of the said essential oil or spirit in such lamps.
In witness whereof, I have hereunto set my hand and seal, this Eighteenth
day of July, One thousand eight hundred and eighteen.
COCHRANE. (L.S.)

page_text: AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the Eighteenth day of July, in the
fifty-eighth year of the reign of His Majesty King George the Third, the said
Sir Thomas Cochrane, commonly called Lord Cochrane, came before our said
Lord the King in his Chancery; and acknowledged the instrument aforesaid,
and all and everything therein contained and specified, in form above written.
And also the instrument aforesaid was stamped according to the tenor of the
Statute made in the fifty-fifth year of His said Majesty's reign.
Inrolled the Eighth day of October, One thousand eight hundred and
eightoon