IMPROVEMENTS IN BAKERS' OVENS
Year: 1884

page_text: LEON DATHIS fils of Boulevard Saint Denis No 1 at Paris Civil Engineer do
hereby declare the nature of my invention for IMPROVEMENTS IN BAKERS' OVENS,
to be as follows:-
My invention consists of improvements in bakers' ovens. In my improved oven
the calorific rays are so distributed as to constantly surround with an absolutely
uniform heat the loaves or articles placed therein to be baked. The improved
oven is supported on cast iron columns or otherwise and its bottom is formed of
refractory or ceramic slabs arranged on a plate of cast or sheet iron or other metal.
The whole is of circular form and is surrounded by a double cylindrical wall composed
of sheet iron and ceramic plates connected by angle iron or otherwise. The
interior of the oven is formed of a cylinder of sheet iron and a convex sole which
has an under sole or jacket. The sole receives directly all the heat of the furnace
or fire place whose bridge is in contact with the under solo so as to compel the hot
gases to spread below the whole surface of the sole before escaping by the flues.
Above the sole is a diaphragm with an opening in the middle and intended to
distribute the heat over the whole body of the oven; this diaphragm is placed
above a small vessel which can receive intermittently an injection of water through
a pipe when the oven is first charged or at any desired time with the object of
droducing a certain state of moisture or steam which becomes distributed over the
loaves. It is above this diaphragm that is placed the upper plate which carries all
the loaves to be baked. This plate is formed of an under concave sheet and an
upper flat sheet, the two sheets enclosing between them a layer of air. This layer
or cushion of air has for object first to equalize the heat over the whole surface of
the plate; secondly, to oppose to the passage of this heat a resistance more or less
great according to whether the space between the two sheets is more or less great,
and thirdly, to thus establish equilibrium between the direct heat and the
reverberated heat. Above the flat sheet is placed a metal lattice work, grating,
perforated diaphragm, netting or openwork device of some sort which comes
between the loaves and the upper plate. Thus while the loaves are in contact
with the plate as soon as they are put in the oven, the interposition of a cold body
between them and the plate is obviated. The plate can be removed from and
returned to the oven by means of a bracket hinged to a column and carrying
a lever which is provided with a hooked bar or bars; by moans of these and the
"

page_text: lever the loaded plate can be raised or lowered as desired. This arrangement of
hinged bracket can be placed between two ovens and serve for both; the ovens
have also in front revolving tables on which the plates are placed so that the
loaves can be conveniently arranged thereon. The oven is closed by a cover which
forms a reverberating dome and which can be raised and lowered by means of a
beam having a balance weight. This cover is provided with handles, sight holes
covered with mica, and a thermometer.
The invention includes the employment in the oven of incandescent electric
lamps for lighting the interior thereof so that the progress of baking can be seen,
The current is brought by conductors from any suitable source of electricity.
J. C. MEWBURN,
169, Fleet Street, London,
Agent for the Applicant.

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
"
I LÉON DATHIS fils of Boulevard Saint Denis, N° 1, at Paris, Civil Engineer, do
hereby declare the nature of my invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN BAKERS' OVENS
and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement:—
My invention consists of improvements in bakers' ovens, and I will describe it
with the aid of the annexed drawings which serve to illustrate the same. Figure 1
is an elovation partly sectional of a pair of ovens. Figure 2 is a transverse section
of one of the pair. Figure 3 is a plan with the cover removed. In my improved
oven the calorific rays are so distributed as to constantly surround with an
absolutely uniform heat the loaves or articles placed therein to be baked. The
improved oven is supported on cast iron columns a, a or otherwise and its bottom
is formed of refractory or ceramic slabs b, b arranged on a plate c of cast or sheet
iron or other metal. The whole is of circular form and is surrounded by a double
cylindrical wall composed of sheet iron d and ceramic plates f connected by angle
iron or otherwise. The interior of the oven is formed of a cylinder g of sheet iron
and a convex sole which has an under sole or jacket i. The sole h receives
directly all the heat of the furnace or fire-place F whose bridge j is in contact with
the under sole i so as to compel the hot gases to spread below the whole surface of
the sole before escaping by the flues k. Above the sole h is a diaphragm 7 with an
opening in the middle and intended to distribute the heat over the whole body
of the oven; this diaphragm is placed above a small vessel which can receive
intermittently an injection of water through a pipe when the oven is first
charged or at any desired time with the object of producing a certain state of
moisture or steam which becomes distributed over the loaves. It is above the
diaphragm that is placed the upper plate A which carries all the loaves to be
baked. This plate is formed of an under concave sheet y and an upper flat sheet x,
the two sheets enclosing between them a layer or stratum of air. This layer or
stratum of air has for object first to equalize the heat over the whole surface of the
plate ; secondly to oppose to the passage of this heat a resistance more or less great
according to whether the space between the two sheets x and y is more or less
great, and thirdly to thus establish equilibrium between the direct heat and the
reverberated heat. Above the sheet is placed a metal lattice work grating,
perforated diaphragm, petting or open work devico m of some sort which comes
between the loaves and the upper plate A. Thus while the loaves are in contact
with the plate as soon as they are put in the oven the interposition of a cold body
between them and the plate is obviated. The plate A can be removed from and
returned to the oven by means of a bracket C hinged at n, n to a column D and
carrying a lever which is provided with a hooked bar or bars v' '; by means of
these and the lever v the loaded plate A can be raised or lowered as desired. This
arrangement of hinged bracket C can be placed between two ovens and serve for
both; the ovens have also in front revolving tables on which the plates are placed
so that the loaves can be conveniently arranged thereon. The oven is closed by a
cover p which forms a reverberating done and which can be raised and lowered
by means of a beam B having a balance weight K. The cover is provided with
handles q, q, sight holes r, r covered with mica, and a thermometer t.

page_text: The invention includes the employment in the oven of incandescent electric
lamps for lighting the interior thereof so that the progress of baking can be seen.
S, S in Figure 1 represent incandescent lamps of the Swan type. The current is
brought by conductors from any suitable source of electricity. As these lamps
require no air the interior of the oven can be permanently lighted thereby.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim, in respect of bakers ovens, is
1. The oven constructed substantially as described and represented in the
drawings.
2. The use, as and for the purpose described, of a metal lattico work, grating or
other suitable opon work device to receive the loaves or articles to be baked, the
said device being placed upon the flat upper surface of a double plate which
encloses a layer or stratum of air all substantially as set forth.
3. The employment in ovens of incandescent electric lamps substantially as
described and shown for lighting the interior thereof.
J. C. MEWBURN,
169, Fleet Street, London,
Agent.