IMPROVEMENTS IN THE COMBINATION AND TREATMENT OF CERTAIN MATERIALS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF SUBSTITUTES FOR GUTTA PERCHA AND INDIA RUBBER
Year: 1883

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Maximilian Zingler of Buckland Crescent in the County
of Middlesex for an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE COMBINATION AND
TREATMENT OF CERTAIN MATERIALS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF SUBSTITUTES
FOR GUTTA PERCHA AND INDIA RUBBER "
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Maximilian Zingler at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 15th January 1883.
MAXIMILIAN ZINGLER of Buckland Crescent in the County of Middlesex
Fellow of the Chemical Society IMPROVEMENTS IN THE COMBINATION AND
TREATMENT OF CERTAIN MATERIALS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF SUBSTITUTES FOR
GUTTA PERCHA AND INDIA RUBBER
My Invention for substitute of gutta percha and india rubber consists mainly as
follows:-
I dissolve any of the hard gums or gum resins as mentioned in my Patent
No 1153, 9th March 1882 in any of the solvent spirits, such for instance turpentine,
methylated spirit or naptha. I then add a certain percentage of oils or paraffin
or napthaline or naptha and oils and increase the boiling heat from say 180° to
300° Fahrenheit or more. When thoroughly dissolved I add albuminous matter
in a solvent state or combine the same mechanically in a 'mixer' or rollers. These
albuminous matters I prepare either from casein or from lichen or vegetable
products such as potatoes, beans, peas, carrots &c or from gelatinous matter which
I previously mix with sulphuric and tannic acid or mix with it tannic acid or
tannin dissolved in spirit or water. I then continue the boiling until it obtains
sufficient consistency and then place the material in a masticator to which I may
add more of the albuminous or gelatinous material or work it out in 'a mixer'
or rollers I then roll it out in sheets. This material I call gum-percha-I may
add to this when required balata or gutta percha,

page_text: The substitute of india rubber I prepare as follows-Having dissolved the gum
resin as mentioned above I add instead of oil a small quantity of flower of sulphur,
from say 5 to 15 per cent. or more, then add either in a solvent stato albuminous
or gelatinous matter, which I have previously treated with sulphuric and tannic
acid as mentioned above, and incorporate the same either chemically by heat or
mechanically in mixers or rollers.-The quantity of the albuminous or gelatinous
matter (vegetable or animal) incorporated or mixed, varies from say 20 to 50 per
cent. or more, according to the nature of the rubber material required for
vulcanizing purposes.
To this I add in certain proportions slaked lime, French chalk, sulphur, oxide of 1
magnesia, sulphate of zinc, sulphate of antimony oxidized oil.
To this compound; which I call rubber porcha, I may add in certain proportions
old or green rubber

page_text: -
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, and
of an Order of the Lord Chancellor, filed by the said Maximilian Zingler in
the Great Seal Patent Office on the 18th July 1883.
.MAXIMILIAN ZINGLER of Buckland Crescent, in the County of Middlesex,
Fellow of the Chemical Society, "SUBSTITUTE OF GUTTA PERCHA AND INDIA
RUBBER [sic]
In carrying out my Invention for a substitute for gutta-percha and india rubber,
I proceed as follows:-
Into a jacketted pan, provided with stirring rollers, as described in the specification
of Letters Patent granted to me dated March 9th A.D. 1882 No 1153, I dissolve in
any of the known solvents, such as turpentine,. methylated spirit, naptha,
petroleum etc, any copal gums, but preferably kawrie or manilla gums, and by
preference equal proportions of these two latter gums, which previously have been
powdered.
To every hundredweight of gum, I use five gallons or more of any of these
solvents, and to facilitate the solution, two pounds or more of camphor is added-
This solution is then heated to from 200° to 250° Fahrenheit or more.-When the
whole is thoroughly dissolved, I add 5 to 10 pounds or more (according to the
hardness of the material required) of casein, vegetable albuminous matter extracted
from beans, peas, carrots, or from any kinds of lichens, or seaweed or animal
gelatinous matter.-Before adding any of these materials I treat them in the
following manner :—
I dissolve casein as mentioned in my said patent, boiling the same in water, and
adding little by little a small quantity of ammonia or potash lye, until the casein
is thoroughly dissolved. I then neutralize it with acetic acid, and mix with every
pound of casein a pound of turpentine or of methylated spirit or other spirit, to
which I have previously added four ounces more or less of diluted sulphuric acid,
but preferably I use tannic acid or catechu or other tannic material for the purpose
of precipitation-The albuminous or gelatinous material I treat with an aqueous
solution of 4 per cent. more or less of lime,-i.e. to every 100 pounds of albumen or
gelatine double the quantity of water or more, and from 4 to 5 pounds or more of
lime, or I use two to three pounds, or more of caustic potash in lieu of lime.-
When these are thoroughly dissolved, they are neutralized by acetic acid, and
precipitated by tannic acid. The precipitated solution is then dissolved in double
the quantity of turpentine at a gentle heat.-After adding the casein, albumen, or
gelatine treated as above described I boil the mixture at 250° Fahrenheit or more,
until the whole is thoroughly amalgamated, and I then add, according to the
quality of the insulating material required 20 per cent. or more of guin of balata,
which has been previously crushed between rollers or cut into small pieces, or I
sometimes add with advantage 15 per cent or more of gutta percha.
:
When thoroughly dissolved, the mixture assumes a thick consistency, and it is
then put into a masticator, and to it is added from 5 to 10 per cent or thereabouts
of the oleaginous material prepared as hereinafter described from linseed, cotton
seed, castor or any other vegetable oil combined with paraffin oil or wax.―These
oils can, as stated in my provisional specification, be added immediately after the
gums have been dissolved but I prefer to add them at this stage of the process, and
preferably to employ oxidized castor oil prepared as hereafter described.
In preparing the oleaginous material, I proceed as follows:-Linseed or cotton
seed oil, when the same has been thoroughly oxidized by beat by any chemical or
other process, I dissolve again in double the quantity of paraffin or other oleaginous
or fatty matters when in hot solution.-The mass is cooled and then used,

page_text: Castor oil I oxidize by mixing with it 20 per cent. of nitrous acid, when it
assumes a thick consistency I pour into it by degrees from 15 or 20 per cont, or
thereabouts of chloride of sulphur, care being taken to use deep vessels, so that the
material does not overflow. It is then left for a few days and then washed out
with ammoniac or other alkaline water. I can also oxidize any of these oils
by other oxidizing agents or by passing oxygen gas through them.
During the working in the masticator, the substance is kept at 150° Fahrenheit
or thereabouts, and when thoroughly worked, it is worked out in sheets through
hot motal rollers, and the insulating material which I call gum percha is complete.-
I may add that if the gums have not been thoroughly cleansed from sand or other
impurities it is advisable to have the gum percha washed out in a washing
masticator before it is rolled out in sheets.
In preparing the substitute for india rubber, I proceed as follows:-
.
I dissolve the gums, as mentioned above, and then add from 5 to 15 per cent. or
thereabouts of flower of sulphur, and then add 20 to 50 per cent. (according to the
nature of the rubber material required) of albuminous or gelatinous material
prepared as above described..
As a modification of the above mentioned process, I discard entirely the
gelatinous or albuminous matter, and proceed as follows:-Beforo dissolving the
gums as before stated, I add 8 to 10 per cent. or thereabouts of flower of sulphur,
and about 3 to 5 per cent of crude camphor. As a solvent, I prefer to use
.turpentine. When the mixture has assumed a thick consistency, I put it into a
masticator, and add to every 20 pounds of gum say 20 pounds preferably of the
oxidized compound of oils prepared as hereinafter described and 20 pounds more or
less of waste rubber previously desulphurized, or I sometimes add with advantage
an amount of green rubber varying according to the elasticity of the rubber
required The oxidized compound of oils I prepare thus -To about 8 pounds of
castor oil, I add about 12 pounds of crude rosin oil, 4 pounds or thereabouts of nut
oil or oleum amygdal (almond oil) and 4 pounds or thereabouts of oleum succini.―
This mixture I treat with 20 per cent. of nitrous acid, and from 10 to 20 per cent.
chloride of sulphur, or by passing a current of oxygen gas through it, or generating
oxygen gas in it by any of the well known chemical agencies-This rubber
compound, which I call gum percha rubber, is then prepared for either vulcanizing
purposes or waterproofing, in the same way as ordinary caoutchouc, but I prefer
using a larger quantity of metallic materials and less of lime, chalk or other
similar materials, also less sulphur than have commonly been used.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner same is to be performed I hereby declare that
I claim
(1) The method of manufacturing the substitute for gutta percha which I call
gum percha, being in part improvements on my former patent (No. 1153 A D 1882)
substantially as herein before described
(2) The method of manufacturing a substitute for india rubber which I call gum
percha rubber, substantially as herein before described
In Witness whereof I the said Maximilian Zingler have hereunto set my hand
and seal this Twelfth day of July one thousand eight hundred and eighty three