IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR FACILITATING THE READING OR EXAMINATION OF MICROSCOPIC PHOTOGRAPHS OF WRITTEN OR PRINTED DOCUMENTS, PICTURES, STATUARY, NATURAL OBJECTS, OR THE LIKE
Year: 1880

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Robert Lake, of the Firm of Haseltine, Lake,
& Co., Patent Agents, Southampton Buildings, London, for an Invention
of "IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR FACILITATING THE READING OR EXAMINATION
OF MICROSCOPIC PHOTOGRAPHS OF WRITTEN OR PRINTED DOCUMENTS,
PICTURES, STATUARY, NATURAL OBJECTS, OR THE LIKE." A communication
from abroad by Eusebius J. Molern and John C. Cebrian, both of San Francisco,
California, United States of America.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the snid William Robert Lake at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 20th March 1880.
WILLIAM ROBERT LAKE, of the Firm of Haseltine, Lake, & Co., Patent
Agents, Southampton Buildings, London. "IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR
FACILITATING THE READING OR EXAMINATION OF MICROSCOPIC PHOTOGRAPHIS
OF WRITTEN OR PRINTED DOCUMENTS, PICTURES, STATUARY, NATURAL OBJECTS,
OR THE LIKE." [A communication from abroad by Eusebius .J. Molera and
John C. Cebrian, both of San Francisco, California, United States of America.]
This Invention is more especially intended to provide means whereby an observer
can casily read or examine matter previously reduced to a microscopical scale by
the photographic apparatus described in the Specification accompanying my petition
for Letters Patent, tiled this 20th day of March 1880, No. 1216.
The first part of the present improvements relates to the optical construction of
a binocular microscope, and also to the plate holder employed in presenting to the
objective glass the plate having upon it the reduced matter.
This part of the said Invention comprises the combination with eye lenses and
large field lenses, of two intermediate prisms located next to the eye lenses, and
adapted to bring the two separate images nearer together; also the combination
with a frame in which a plate-holder and its slide are adapted in such a manner as
to have independent or joint movements of an enclosing frame in which said plate-
holder-frame and its slide are adapted to have independent or joint movement, said
parts being adapted to permit the plate holder to be adjusted vertically and
horizontally by both quick and slow movements.

page_text: The second part of the present improvements relates to the means employed in
adjusting the bolder which maintains in position the plate containing the microscopic
matter, and to other features hereinafter described.
This part of the said Invention comprises the combination with one or more
light-condensing lenses and a plate holder of one or more microscopic lenses and a
transparent screen, said parts being enclosed in a tubular case, and provided with a
screw shaft extending rearward, whereby the observer may adjust the plate-holder
relatively to the microscopic lens; also the combination with one or more light
condensing lenses, a plate holder, and one or more microscopic lenses, of a
transparent screen, and a magnifying lens, said parts being connected and enclosed in
a tubular case; also the combination with two tubes adapted to be filled with liquid
and provided with upright-cylinders, a horizontal cylinder connected with one of said
tubes, and devices for adjusting the liquid in the tubes, of a frame having depending
pistons which work in the upright cylinders, and a plate holder having sliding
movement in said frame and provided with a piston which works in the horizontal
cylinder; also the combination with a vertically adjustable frame having a
horizontal cylinder and a plate holder provided with piston working in the cylinder
of a tube adapted to be filled with a liquid, a liquid adjusting device, and a flexible
pipe which connects said tube with the cylinder; also the combination with two
tubes adapted to be filled with liquid and having upright cylinders, and a plate
holder frame provided with depending pistons which work in the cylinders of
tubular screw plugs fitted in said tubes, and small screw plugs fitted in the tubular
screw plugs, whereby the liquid in the tubes may be adjusted quickly or slowly.
In carrying the said Invention into practice the two eye lenses are made of large
diameter and with comparatively short focal distances; their distance from the
objective glass is such as to cause a large field of vision. The large size of the field
lenses has the effect of forming two separate images at such a distance from each
other that it is impossible to simultaneously view the objects with both eyes. I
therefore place two prisms between the object lenses and eye lenses, and near
to the latter. Each prism inclines laterally inward from its end nearest the field
lens to its end nearest the eye lens, so that the pencils of light which come from
the field lens strike the outer side of the prism and are deflected inwardly against
the opposite side of the prism, and are thus brought in line with the eye lens. In
this manner the two separate images are brought sufficiently near together to
permit the observer to simultaneously use both eyes. The plate-holder is adapted
to have sliding movement in a frame either independently of or jointly with its
slide, the latter being moved by means of a screw thread on a spindle which
permits the slide to be adjusted to and fro as desired. This plate holder frame is
itself provided with a slide, and is adapted to be moved in an inclosing frame either
independently of or jointly with its slide. Another spindle is provided having
also a screw thread, by means of which the latter slide is worked; by grasping tho
plate holding frame with his hand the observer may quickly adjust the plate holder
vertically. If a slow vertical adjustment is desired, it is obtained by operating the
spindle which moves the plate holder frame slide, carrying this frame up and down
in the outer frame. If a quick horizontal adjustment of the plate holder is desired,
the latter may be moved by hand to any desired point in the inner frame; if
however a slow horizontal movement is desired the observer operates the first
named spindle in connection with the slide carrying the plate holder. It is thus
apparent that the plate holder may be adjusted vertically and horizontally by both
quick and slow movements.
The transparent plate which contains the microscopic matter is placed in a plate
holder; the light from any suitable source, condensed by a proper deflector and one
or more condensing leuses, passes through this plate, and the pencils of light from
the latter pass through one or more microscopic lenses. An enlarged image is
thereby projected on a transparent screen which is provided for the purpose, and
said image is still further enlarged by one or more magnifying louses. A tubular
casing rigid or elastic encloses the several parts of the instrument, and protects

page_text: then from exposure to exterior light, so that the image on the screen may bo
plainly scen. The observer is able to read the plate without placing his eyes close
to the instrument, and without being obliged to look through a small hole or holes.
In fact, it is not necessary to employ any of the magnifying lenses just mentioned,
and where they are omitted the observer looks directly at the transparent screen.
In a modified form of light condensing apparatus I provide a heliostat furnished
with means which adapt it to be operated from the observer's seat. When the
plate is not transparent the light and light condensing apparatus have to be placed
in front of the plate holder. In some cases natural daylight will be sufficient, and
the light condensing apparatus may be suppressed. In the case of using an electric
light, the same may be connected with an electric machine operated by a driving
wheel, which latter is actuated by the fect of the observer. The plate holder is
adapted to be adjusted relatively to the microscope lens or lenses by a screw shaft
which extends rearward to be operated from the observer's stand. The plate holder
is also adapted to be operated by the observer without leaving his position, and two.
rates of movement are provided for, one being for a quick and the other for a slow
adjustment of the plate holder. Two tubes adapted to be filled with liquid extend
lengthwise of the instrument, and have their forward portions formed as upright
cylinders; in the latter there are pistons which depend from a vertical frame, the
lower longitudinal portion of which is formed with a horizontal cylinder. This
cylinder is connected with one of the tubes by the flexible pipe which permits of
the independent vertical adjustment of the frame which supports the plate-holder.
The upper and lower portions of this plate holder slide in grooved ways formed in
the corresponding portions of said frame, and the lower portion of the plate holder
is provided with a piston which works in the horizontal cylinder. The rear
extremities of the tubes for liquid are respectively provided with tubular screw-
plugs, in which latter fit smaller screw plugs. The small screw plugs are adapted
for slight and gradual adjustments of the plate holder, while the tubular screw plugs
are used when the adjustment is to be considerable or to be accomplished rapidly.
By turning the screw plugs inward, the liquid is forced up against the respective
pistons of the several cylinders, and the plate holder is correspondingly moved. By
turning the screw plugs outward, the gravity of the plate holder frame causes the
pistons to move the water from its former position, and the desired adjustment
follows.
It is obvious that certain relatively distinct parts of the Invention may be
employed independently of the other parts. It is also apparent that changes,
substitutions, and omissions may be made as regards the detail of the mechanism
hereinbefore described, provided the essential features of the said Invention are not
departed from.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said William Robert Lake in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 20th
September 1880.
WILLIAM ROBERT LAKE, of the Firm of Haseltine, Lake, & Co., Patent Agents,
Southampton Buildings, London. "IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR FACILITATING THE
READING OR EXAMINATION OF MICROSCOPIC PHOTOGRAPHIS OF WRITTEN OR
PRINTED DOCUMENTS, PICTURES, STATUARY, NATURAL OBJECTS, OR THE LIKE."
A communication from abroad by Eusebius J. Molera and John C. Cebrian, both
of San Francisco, California, United States of America
This Invention is more especially designed to provide means whereby an observer
can easily read or examine matter previously reduced to a microscopical scale by the
photographic apparatus described in the Specification of former Letters Patent,
No. 1216, bearing date the 20th day of March, A.D). 1880.
The first part of the present improvements relates to the optical construction of
a binocular microscope, and also to the plate holder employed in presenting to the
objective glass the plate having upon it the reduced matter.
This part of the said Invention consists, first, in the combination with eye lenses
and large field lenses of two intermediato prisius located next to the eye lenses,
and adapted to bring the two separate images nearer together; secondly, in the
combination with a frame in which a plate-holder and its slide are adapted in such
a manner as to have independent or joint movement of an enclosing. frame in which
the said plate-holder frame and its slide are adapted to have independent or joint
movement, the said parts being adapted to permit the plate-holder to be adjusted
vertically and horizontally by both quick and slow movements.
The second part of the present improvements relates to the incans employed in
adjusting the holder which maintains in position the plate containing the
microscopic matter, and to other features hereinafter described.
This part of the said Invention consists, first, in the combination with one or
more light-condensing lenses and a plate-holder of one or more microscopic lenses
and a transparent screen, the said parts being enclosed in a tubular casc and
provided with a screw shaft extending rearward, whereby the observer may adjust
the plate-holder relatively to the microscopic lens; secondly, in the combination
with one or more light condensing lenses, a plate holder, and one or more micro-
scopic lenses, of a transparent screen and a magnifying lens, the said parts being
connected and enclosed in a tubular case; thirdly, in the combination with two
tubes adapted to be filled with liquid, and provided with upright cylinders, a
horizontal cylinder connected with one of the said tubes, and devices for adjusting
the liquid in the tubes, of a frame having depending pistons which work in the
upright eplinders, and a plate-holder having sliding movement in the said frame,
and provided with a piston which works in the horizontal cylinder; fourthly, in
the combination with a vertically adjustable frame, having a horizontal cylinder
and a plate-holder provided with a piston working in the cylinder, of a tube
adapted to be filled with a liquid, a liquid adjusting device, and a flexible pipe
which connects the said tube with the cylinder; fifthly, in the combination with
two tubes adapted to be filled with liquid, and having upright cylinders and a plate-
holder frame provided with depending pistons which work in the cylinders, of tubular
screw plugs fitted in the said tubes, and small screw-plugs fitted in the tubular
screw plugs, whereby the liquid in the tubes may be adjusted quickly or
slowly.
In the accompanying Drawing,
Figure 1 is a central horizontal section of one form of microscope embodying

page_text: Figure 4 is a central vertical section of one form of apparatus embodying this
Invention, and
Figure 5 represents a modified form of the said apparatus.
Figure G. is a detail view, partly in elevation and partly in section, of the
mechanism for adjusting the plate-holder.
Figure 7 is a view, partly in plan and partly in horizontal section, of the aaid
mechanisın.
Figure 8 is a detail perspective view of the heliostat used in the apparatus
shewn in Figure 5.
Referring to Figures 1, 2, and 3 of the Drawing, the two field lenses A and
the two eye lenses B are made of large diameter and with comparatively short
focal distances; their distance from the objective glass C is such as to cause a large
field of vision. The large size of the field lenses has the effect of forming two
separate images at such a distance apart from each other that it is impossible to
simultaneously view the objects with both eyes. I therefore, place the two prisms
between the object lenses and eye lenses and near to the latter. Each prism
inclines laterally inward from its end nearest the field lens to its end nearest the
eye lens, so that the pencils of light which come from the field lens strike the outer
side of the prism and are deflected inwardly against the opposite side of the latter,
and are thus brought in line with the eye lens. In this manner the two separate
images are brought sufficiently near together to permit the observer to simul-
taneously use both eyes. This part of the said Invention is represented in the
first two Figures of the Drawing as embodied in two different forms of microscope.
These views, however, merely illustrate the principle of this improvement in these
microscopes, and it is obvious that any change or omission of parts may be made,
provided the essential features of the Invention are employed.
The plate-holder E is adapted to have sliding movement in a frame F, either
independently of or jointly with its slide G, the latter being moved by a screw-
thread on the shaft H, which permits the slide to be adjusted to and fro as desired.
This plate-holder frame is itself provided with a slide L, and is adapted to be
moved in an enclosing frame M either independently of or jointly with its slide.
A shaft N has screw-threaded engagement with this latter slide. It is apparent
that by taking hold of the frame F with his hand the observer may quickly adjust
the plate-holder vertically. If a slow vertical adjustment is desired it is obtained
by operating the shaft N, which moves the slide L carrying this frame !' up and
down in the frame M. If a quick horizontal adjustment of the plate-holder is
desired, the latter may be moved by hand to any desired point in the frame F. If
however a slow horizontal movement is desired the observer operates the shaft H,
and the slide G carrying the plate holder is correspondingly moved. It is thus
apparent that the plate-holder may be adjusted vertically and horizontally by both
quick and slow movements.
Referring to Figures and 5 the transparent plate which contains the micro-
scopic matter is placed in the plate-holder A. The light from any suitable source,
and condensed by a proper deflector and one or more condensing lenses B, passes
through this plate, and the pencils of light from the latter pass through one or
more microscopic lenses C. An enlarged image is thereby projected on a trans-
parent screen D, and the said image is still further enlarged by one or more
magnifying lenses E. A tubular casing F, either rigid or elastic, encloses the
several parts of the instrument, and protects them from exposure to exterior light,
so that the image on the screen may be plainly seen. The observer is able to read
the plate without placing his eyes close to the instrument, and without being
obliged to look through a small hole or holes. In fact it is not necessary to employ
any lens E, and where it is omitted the observer looks directly at the transparent
screen. An instrument of this construction is shewn in Figuro 5, together with a
modified form of light condensing apparatus, the heliostat G being provided with
means which adapt it to be operated from the observer's seat.
When the plate is not transparent the light and light condensing apparatus have

page_text: to be placed in front of the plate-holder. In some cases natural daylight will be
sufficient, and the light condensing apparatus may be suppressed. When however
an electric light is used the same may be connected with an electric machine L
operated by a driving wheel M, which latter is actuated by the feet of the observer.
The plate-holder is adapted to be adjusted relatively to the microscope lens or lenses
by a screw shaft N which extends rearward to be operated from the observer's
stand. The plate-holder is also adapted to be operated by the observer without
leaving his position, and two rates of movement are provided for, one being for a
quick and the other for a slow adjustment of the plate-holder. Two tubes P, P,
adapted to be filled with liquid extend lengthwise of the instrument, and have
their forward portions formed as upright cylinders a. In the latter work pistons b
which depend from a vertical frame R, the lower longitudinal portion of which is
formed with a horizontal cylinder c. This cylinder is connected with one of the
tubes by a flexible pipe d, which permits of the independent vertical adjustment of
the frame supporting the plate-holder. The upper and lower portions of this plate-
holder slide in grooved ways formed in the corresponding portions of the said frame,
and the lower portion of the plate-holder is provided with a piston which works
in the horizontal cylinder. The rear extremities of the tubes for containing the
liquid are respectively provided with tubular screw-plugs g, in which latter fit
smaller screw-plugs h. The small screw-plugs are adapted for slight and gradual
adjustment of the plate-holder, while the tubular screw-plugs are used when the
adjustment is to be considerable or to be accomplished rapidly. By turning the
screw-plugs inward the liquid is forced up against the respective pistons of the
several cylinders, and the plate-holder is correspondingly moved. By turning
the screw-plugs outward the gravity of the plate-holder frame causes the pistons
to move the water from its foriner position, and the desired adjustment follows.
In the preceding description I have shewn a complete apparatus embodying all
specific elements necessary to illustrate the aforesaid improvements.
It is obvious however that certain relatively distinct parts of the Invention may
be employed independently of the other parts. It is also apparent that changes,
substitutions, and omissions may be made as regards the details of the mechanism
herein before described, provided the essential features of the said Invention are not
departed from.
Having thus fully described the said Invention as communicated to me by my
foreign correspondents, and the manner of performing the same, I wish it under-
stood that I claim,-
First. In a binocular microscope the combination with eye-lenses and large field
lenses of two intermediate prismis located next to the eye lenses, and adapted to
bring the two separate images nearer together, substantially as above set forth.
Second. The combination with a frame in which a plate holder and its slide are
adapted to have independent or joint movement of an enclosing frame in which
the said plate-holder frame and its slide are adapted to have independent or joint
movement, these parts being adapted to permit the plate-holder to be adjusted
vertically and horizontally by both quick and slow movements, substantially as set
forth.
Third. The combination with one or more condensing lenses and a plate-holder
of one or more microscopic lenses and a transparent screen, these parts being
enclosed in a tubular case, and provided with a screw shaft extending rearward,
whereby the observer may adjust the plate-holder relatively to the microscopic lens,
substantially as above set forth.
Fourth. The combination with one or more light condensing lenses, a plate-holder,
and one or more microscopic lenses, of a transparent screen and a magnifying lens,
these parts being connected and enclosed in a tubular case, substantially as herein
set forth.
Fifth. The combination with two tubes adapted to be filled with liquid, and
provided with upright cylinders, a horizontal cylinder connected with ono of the
said tubes, and devices for adjusting the liquid in the tubes, of a frame baving

page_text: depending pistons which work in the upright cylinders, and a plate-holder having
sliding movement in the said frame, and provided with a piston which works in
the horizontal cylinder, substantially as above set forth.
Sixth. The combination with a vertically adjustablo frame having a horizontal
cylinder, and a plate-holder provided with a piston working in the cylinder, of a
tube adapted to be filled with liquid, a liquid adjusting device, and a flexible
pipe which connects the said tube with the cylinder, substantially as above set
forth.
Seventh. The combination with two tubes alapted to be filled with liquid, and
having upright cylinders, and a plate-holder frame provided with dependent pistons
which work in the said cylinders, of tubular screw-plugs fitted in the said tubes,
and sinal screw-plugs fitted in the tubular screw-plugs, whereby the liquid in the
tubes may be adjusted quickly or slowly, substantially as above set forth.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Robert Lake, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Twentieth day of September, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and eighty.
117M PORT LAKE
WM PORT LAKE
VM
(LC)
WIND