IMPROVEMENTS IN MECHANISM AND ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUPPLYING LUBRICATING MATTER TO THE CYLINDERS OF STEAM ENGINES, AND TO THE Avn OTHER SURFACES OF MECHANISM
Year: 1862

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Jennings Hoyle, Engineer, and John Proven,
.Millwright, both of Halifax. in the County of York, for the Invention
of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MECHANISM AND ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUPPLYING
LUBRICATING MATTER TO THE CYLINDERS OF STEAM ENGINES, AND TO THE
Avn OTHER SURFACES OF MECHANISM."
Scaled the 3rd February 1863, and dated the 19th August 1862.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Jennings Hoyle
and John Proven at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 19th August 1862.
We, WILLIAM JENNINGS HOYLE, Engineer, and JOHN PROVEN, Millwright,
both of Halifax, in the County of York, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MECHANISM AND ARRANGEMENTS FOR
SUPPLYING LUBRICATING MATTER TO THE CYLINDERS OF STEAM ENGINES, AND TO
THE BEARINGS AND OTHER SURFACES OF MECHANISM;" to be as follows:-
My Invention consists, firstly, in mechanism by which lubricating matter
can be supplied to the cylinders of steam engines at regular intervals by self-
acting means during the time that the steam is entering the cylinder on onc
or both sides of the piston, such mechanism consisting of a pump which
Price 8d 1

page_text: draws lubricating matter from a cistern and forces it through a valve into the
cylinder. The valve is arranged so as to be acted upon by a weight or spring
of sufficient force to prevent it from being opened by the suction of the exhaust
in condensing steam engines. The pump is actuated by weights or springs,
that is, a small weight is employed to lift the piston or plunger of the pump
to draw in the oil, and a large weight is employed to force the oil into the
cylinder, the large weight being sufficient to overcome both the small weight,
friction, and pressure of the steam in the cylinder. The large weight is lifted
by mechanism acted upon by some oscillating or reciprocating part of the
engine; but when the pump is not required to act the large weight is pre-
vented from descending, and when the pump is in action the duration of its
action for each stroke of the piston is determined by a stop, which prevents
the descent of the weight below a fixed point, and thus the feeding of the
lubricating matter can be arrested at any part of the stroke. The con-
nection which lifts the large weight acts upon a lever having a ratchet pawl
jointed upon it, which operates upon a ratchet wheel connected with a notched
disc by which the time of action of the pump is regulated, as this disc by
coming in contact with a pin prevents the descent of the large weight till
the ratchet wheel rotates so far as to bring the notch in the disc opposite
the pin, when the weight can ascend and descend for a time varying
according to the extent of the notch in the disc. As the disc rotates slowly
a segment is applied to the side of the disc, and centred freely on its axis,
to which a weight is connected so as to form a "tumbler arrangement," so that
when the weight has passed the centre it will fall over and instantly bring the
segmental part opposite to the notch in the disc, and thus the pin will be
obstructed in its movements and the descent of the large weight prevented.
This mechanism is arranged so that it can be acted upon by hand when the
engine is stopped, so as to supply lubricating matter.
The second part of my Invention consists in arrangements and mechanism
for supplying a series of journals and other surfaces of mechanism with lubri-
cating matter at regular intervals from one cistern. A main pipe is made to
pass from the source of supply, and branches are provided from it to each
bearing or surfaces to be lubricated, and at each branch a valve is formed
which will open and allow of the escape of lubricating matter when such
matter acts with sufficient pressure upon the valves, which are kept closed
when the pressure is not acting by a spring or weight. These valves are also
arranged so that they cannot open beyond a determined extent regulated by
an adjusting screw. When lubricating matter is to be supplied pressure is
put upon it at the source of supply by means of a pump acted upon by a weight,

page_text: that is, by mechanism similar to that referred to in the first part of this Pro-
visional Specification, and by this pressure the valve at each branch from the
main pipe will be forced open, and the lubricating matter will be allowed to
escape to the journal or other surface during the time the pressure is acting,
but will cease to escape when the pressure is removed, as the valves will
then close
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said William Jennings Hoyle and John Proven in the Great Seal
Patent Office on the 18th February 1863.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, WILLIAM
JENNINGS HOYLE, Engineer, and JOHN PROVEN. Millwright, both of Halifax,
in the County of York, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Nineteenth day of August, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-two, in the twenty-sixth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto us,
the said William Jennings Hoyle and John Proven, Her special license,
that we, the said William Jennings Hoyle and John Proven, our executors,
administrators, and assigns, or such others as we, the said William Jennings
Hoyle and John Proven, our executors, administrators, and assigns, should
at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times
thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MECHANISM AND ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUPPLYING LUBRICATING
MATTER TO THE CYLINDERS OF STEAM ENGINES, AND TO THE BEARINGS AND OTHER
SURFACES OF MECHANISM," upon the condition (amongst others) that we, the
said William Jennings Hoyle and John Proven, by an instrument in writing
under our hands and seals (or under the hand and seal of one of us), should
particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and
in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be
filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said William Jennings Hoyle and John
Proven, do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascer-

page_text: tained in and by the following statement and accompanying Drawings (that
is to say):-
:-
Our Invention consists, firstly, in mechanism by which lubricating matter
can be supplied to the cylinders of steam engines at regular intervals by self-
acting means during the time that the steam is entering the cylinder at one
or both sides of the piston, such mechanism consisting of a pump which draws
lubricating matter from a cistern, and forces it through a valve into the
cylinder or into passages leading to it. The valve is arranged so as to be
acted upon by a weight or spring of sufficient force to prevent it from being
opened by the suction of the exhaust in condensing steam engines. The pump
is actuated by weights or springs, that is, a small weight is employed to lift
the piston or plunger of the pump to draw in the oil or lubricating matter,
and a large weight is employed to force the oil or lubricating matter into the
cylinder, the large weight being sufficient to overcome both the small weight,
friction. pressure of spring acting upon the valve, and the pressure of the
steam in the cylinder or passages leading to it. The large weight is lifted by
mechanism acted upon by some oscillating or reciprocating part of the engine,
but when the pump is not required to act the small weight is prevented from
descending, and when the pump is in action the duration of its action for each
stroke of the piston is determined (if required) by a stop which prevents the
descent of the large weight below a fixed point, or an adjustable amount of
play is allowed between the pump ram and the small weighted lever which
lifts it, so that the length of its stroke can be varied, and thus the quantity of
lubricating matter injected may be regulated.
Fig. 1 is a longitudinal elevation, partly in section, and Fig. 2 a plan view
on the scale of half the natural size; a is the cistern for lubricating matter
shown in section in Fig. 1, it is provided with a flange a¹ shown in Fig. 2, by
which it can be bolted to the cylinder lid or any other part of the engine to
which it is to be applied. The ram case b of the pump and valve seatings are
all cast in one piece, and secured to the bottom of the cistern as shewn in
Fig. 1. The lubricating matter enters from the cistern (a). to the ram case b
by the inlet pipe (b) which descends nearly to the bottom of the cistern.
and has a series of small holes in its sides. it passes the inlet valve be through
the passage into the ram case or cylinder, and from thence through the
passage past the outlet valve through the passage by a pipe to a valve
to be herein-after described. Access to the valves and b is obtained by
unscrewing the screw plugs be and which limit the lift of the valves. The
ram is marked c, it passes through a stuffing box formed by the screw b and
cavity b. The ram is acted upon by the lever d, having its fulcrum at d¹, in a

page_text: upon
bracket from the side of the cistern (a), one arm of this lever passes through
a slot in the ram and the other arm of the lever has a small weight
it which is adjustable to and from the fulcrum, and the action of the small
weight is to lift the ram when allowed. The other lever (e) has its fulcrum
on a pin (e) also carried by the bracket before mentioned, and upon this lever
the large weight (e) is placed which is also adjustable to and from its fulcrum.
This lever (e) is connected by a chain (e) with some oscillating or recipro-
cating part of the engine, or is acted upon by a tappet so that a reciprocation
or up-and-down movement is given to it, either synchronous with the piston
or otherwise suited to the time when the injection of the lubricating matter is
to take place. This lever (e) has a slotted segment (e). attached to it which
passes on to the arm of the small weighted lever (d). The reciprocations of
the large weighted lever (e) are arranged so that they do not exceed the
length of the slot in the segment, and (to prevent percussion and noise when
working) so that at the lowest descent of the large weighted lever, the upper
end of the slot in the segment (e) will only just touch the arm of the small
weighted lever (d) when the ram arm of that lever is at its lowest position.
The small weighted lever is prevented from descending so as to lift the ram by
a pin () in one side of the lever (d) which rests upon the edge of a disc or
cam (). this disc is fixed upon a shaft (g) having bearings in the bracket
from the side of the cistern. and before mentioned, and on one end of this shaft
a toothed wheel (g) is fixed, which gears with a pinion on the boss of a
ratchet wheel (h) centered on the same pin forming the fulcrum of the large
weighted lever (e) which carries a pawl (') that works in the teeth of the
ratchet which is prevented from turning back by another pawl (3) jointed on
a stud in the side of the cistern. It will thus be seen that as the large weighted
lever reciprocates the ratchet wheel and disc will be advanced. This disc has
a notch in it. which as it rotates is brought under the pin () in the arm of
the small weighted lever (d), and allows the lever to descend, and thus to lift
the ram, which can then be pushed down again by the weighted lever (e).
The small weighted lever (d) will continue to lift the ram (c) after each
depression by the lever (e), till the descent of the pin (d) is obstructed. The
slow and small movement of the disc () alone is not sufficient to cause the
descents of the small weighted lever to be immediately arrested, and therefore
to avoid irregularity of action from the delicacy of the mechanism, the
pin (d) in the small weighted lever is made round or bevilled, and the edge
of the gap in the disc is bevilled so that when the pin gets slightly over the
edge of the notch in the disc, its descent will propel the disc forward with the
wheels in geer with it for a short distance, this movement causing a "tumbler"

page_text: arrangement (i) (which is a segment corresponding to the disc weighted and
centered on the axis of the disc) to fall forward and come against the pin ()
so that as the lever (d) is lifted and the "tumbler" continues to fall till it closes
up the gap in the disc, and in this position will prevent the descent of the pin
till the disc has again rotated. The "tumbler" (i) has a slot in it through
which the screw (i) passes into the side of the disc (f), and this screw and
slot limit the movements of the "tumbler." To avoid percussion on the lever (d)
by the slotted segment (e) after the stroke of the pump the tumbler and disc
is slightly inclined in its edge, so that by its rotation the weight end of the
lever is lifted sufficiently above the point where it was left by the slotted
segment as not to be touched again by it after the first few strokes succeeding
the stroke of the pump. In most cases not more than one stroke of the ram will
be required for one revolution of the disc, but several strokes may be given
according to the extent of the gap and the time it is allowed to be open, by
allowing the weight to descend for the first time without propelling the disc
forward and arranging a spring or weighted lever with a bevil surface resting
upon the disc, but coming upon a bevilled incline upon it at the required moment
so as to make the disc take a sufficiently short and sudden forward movement
and cause the "tumbler" to pass under the pin in the small weighted lever when
the required number of strokes have been given. The times of action of the
pump will depend upon the speed at which the disc is rotated, and this can
be increased or decreased as required by modifying the geering. The length
of the stroke of the pump and thus the quantity of lubricating matter injected
at each stroke, may be regulated without altering the length of oscillation of
the large weighted lever (e) by forming a long slot in the ram (c) for the arm
of the small weighted lever (d) to pass through, and by placing a set
screw (c) having a lock nut so as to screw into the slot as shown in Fig. 3,
the end of the set screw will form one end of the slot and thus any
required amount of play can be given to the arm of the lever in the slot
the more the play is and less the lift will be, and consequently the shorter will
be the stroke of the pump. If tallow be the lubricating matter employed, the
cistern and communicating pipes should be arranged so as to be kept hot, so
that the tallow will continue in a fluid state during the time the pump is at
work. The apparatus is arranged to inject the lubricating matter into the
steam pipes or passages leading to the cylinder of the engine or directly into
the cylinder. The lubricating matter is conveyed by a pipe (i) from the
junction with the cistern to the valve arrangement shown in section at Fig. 4
(drawn to a scale of half the natural size), which consists of a pipe (k)
screwed into the side of the pipe or passage or the cylinder end or cover (c),

page_text: having a valve formed by a spindle (k) with the valve at its lower end; a
spring (k) is placed round the upper part of the spindle, and this spring acts
upon a washer which abuts against a shoulder formed in the casing at one
end, and acts upon another washer which abuts against an adjusting screw on
the other end placed upon the upper end of the spindle; by this screw the
pressure of the spring upon the valve is regulated. The upper end of the
spindle of the valve is covered by a steam and air tight screw cap (k). The
lubricating matter enters at the junction () and then passes through the
valve. The tension of the spring is sufficient to resist the suction of the vacuum
in the cylinders of condensing engines; this valve also causes the lubricating
matter to be injected in the form of spray. In place of the loaded valve shown
by Fig. 4, the outlet valve (b) close to the pump, may in some cases be used
by being loaded by a spring or weight to keep it from being opened by the
suction of the exhaust, and in this case the lubricating matter may be injected
into the cylinder or steam passages through a narrow opening. The lid of the
cistern (a) is formed in two halves, one or both of which may be removed
when it is to be supplied with lubricating matter.
The second part of our Invention consists in arrangements and mechanism
for supplying a series of journals or other surfaces of mechanism with lubri-
cating matter at regular intervals from one cistern. A main pipe is made to
pass from the source of supply, and branches are provided from it to each
bearing or surface to be lubricated, and at each branch a valve is formed
which will open and allow of the escape of lubricating matter when such
matter acts with sufficient pressure upon the valves, which are kept closed,
when the pressure is not acting, by a spring or weight. These valves are also
arranged so that they cannot open beyond a determined extent regulated by
an adjusting screw. When lubricating matter is to be supplied pressure is
put upon it at the source of supply by means of a pump acted upon by a
weight, that is, by mechanism similar to that referred to in the first part of
this Specification, and shown in Figs. 1 and 2, and by this pressure the valve,
at each branch from the main pipe, will be forced open and the lubricating
matter will be allowed to escape to the journal or other surface during the
time the pressure is acting, but will cease to escape when the pressure
is removed, as the valves will then close. Fig. 5 is a section, and Fig. 6 is a
front view, of a valve, shown on a scale of one half the natural size, for sup-
plying the lubricating matter from the main pipe. The pipe (i) is turned
upwards, and its upper surface is made conical to form a valve facing upon
which a bell-shaped cover (m) is placed; this cover has a conical pin (m²)
inserted in it which descends into the opening of the valve and leaves an

page_text: annular space for the escape of lubricating matter, the area of which will
increase more the bell-shaped cover is made to rise by the pressure of the
lubricating matter, but the rise is limited by the adjusting screw (m³), which is
placed in a staple (m³) secured to a funnel-shaped disc (m') at the lower part
of the bell-shaped cover, which answers the double purpose of a weight to
shut the valve when the pressure is removed from the main pipe or source of
supply, and to conduct the matter escaping, when the valve is opened, to the
funnel-shaped dish (m), from which it passes to the bearing or surface to
be lubricated.
We have now particularly described the nature of our Invention, and the
mode of carrying the same into effect, and claim as our Invention, firstly, the
combination and arrangement of mechanism herein-before described and
shown by Figures 1, 2, and 3, for pumping and regulating the time of
pumping lubricating matter into the cylinders or the passages conveying the
steam to the cylinders of steam engines.
Secondly, we claim the use of a loaded valve, acting in the manner of that
shown in the Drawings by Fig. 4, in combination with the mechanism referred
to in our first claim, or with other arrangements and combinations of me-
chanism for pumping or forcing lubricating matter into the passages conveying
steam to the cylinders, or directly into the cylinders of steam engines as
herein-before described.
Thirdly, we claim the system or mode of lubricating the bearings and
other surfaces of mechanism as described under the second división of our
Specification.
In witness whereof, we, the said William Jennings Hoyle and John
Proven, have hereunto set our hands and seals, this Sixteenth day of
February, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and
sixty-three.