IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR LIFTING, FORCING, OR PRESSING BY WATER, AIR, OR OTHER LIQUID OR FLUID
Year: 1874

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Jonathan Holden, of Gibbet Street, Halifax,
in the County of York, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
APPARATUS FOR LIFTING, FORCING, OR PRESSING BY WATER, AIR, OR OTHER
LIQUID OR FLUID."
Sealed the 5th January 1875, and dated the 18th September 1874.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Jonathan Holden at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 18th September 1874.
I, JONATHAN HOLDEN, of Gibbet Street, Halifax, in the County of
York, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN APPARATUS FOR LIFTING, FORCING, OR PRESSING BY WATER, AIR, OR
OTHER LIQUID OR FLUID," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to apparatus known as "hydraulic," by which
lifting, forcing, or pressing operations by water, air, or other liquid or
fluid can be effected, such apparatus according to my Invention being
capable of expansion or contraction like an ordinary telescope, whereby

page_text: the usual deep pit for the barrel and ram is dispensed with, and the
apparatus is less costly to manufacture and to fit in position.
My Invention consists mainly in arranging a series of tubes or rams,
one working within the other, according to the height to which the
upper tube or ram with the head has to reach. The tubes have sockets
rings or other appliances and cup leathers or brasses in or on them as a
packing, so that one can rise within the next lower one in a water or
fluid-tight manner, the outsides of cach, excepting the lowest, being
turned true upon the outside for the purpose..
One manner, the simplest, of carrying my Invention into practice is
as follows, supposing the apparatus to have three sliding tubes only :—
I take a tube or pipe 12 inches in diameter and 8 feet in length, with a
flange on the outside of the bottom end. On the top part of this tube
on the inside a projection about 4 inches deep and 3/8th of an inch thick
is cast or otherwise fixed all round. This projection is accurately bored:
for the second tube to fit into, and a recess turned out in it for the cup
leathers or brasses. I then fit the recess with the hydraulic cup leather
or brass, as in the ordinary hydraulic press or lift. The second tube is
nearly the same length as the first, but of smaller diameter, and is
turned true on the outside to fit the bored projection on the inside of
the first tube, and on the top of the second a similar projection is made
on the inside, which is bored and fitted with hydraulic cup leathers or
brasses, as in the first tube referred to. I then take the second tube,
and insert it into the first tube, so that its bottom edge will when
lowered to its full length come just above the face of the bed plate
hereafter referred to. The third tube is of still smaller diameter than
the second referred to, and is also turned true on the outside. I insert
the third tube into the second in the same manner as previously described
in reference to the second and first tubes. This upper tube supports a
head cap or cage, which has to be guided in uprights in a similar
manner to the cages of hydraulic lifts as at present constructed.
The highest tube forms the ram head, and is preferably closed near
the bottom by a partition plate for the liquid or fluid to act against, the
liquid or fluid being forced into the lowest tube, which serves for the
barrel, it being in connection with the pump or head of water, as the
case may be.

page_text: do not restrict myself to those methods alone of causing one tube to
slide within another to form an apparatus for lifting, forcing, or pressing;
as herein-before set forth.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Jonathan Holden in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 18th March 1875.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JONATHAN
HOLDEN, of Gibbet Street, Halifax, in the County of York, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Eighteenth day of September, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-four, in the
thirty-eighth year of Her reign, did; for Herself, Her heirs and suc-
cessors, give and grant unto me, the said Jonathan Holden, Her special
licence that I, the said Jonathan Holden, my executors, administrators,
and assigns, or such others as I, the said Jonathan Holden, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no
others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term.
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the.
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
APPARATUS FOR LIFTING, FORCING, OR PRESSING BY WATER, AIR, OR OTHER
LIQUID OR FLUID," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the.
said Jonathan Holden, my executors or administrators, by an instru-
ment in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals,
should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and
cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six
calendar months next, and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Jonathan Holden, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same- is
to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement thereof, that is to say:-

page_text: This Invention relates to apparatus known as "hydraulic," by which
lifting, forcing, or pressing operations by water, air, or other liquid or
fluid can be effected, such apparatus according to my Invention being
capable of expansion or contraction like an ordinary telescope, whereby
the usual deep pit for the barrel and ram is dispensed with, and the
apparatus is less costly to manufacture and to fit in position.
My Invention consists in arranging a series of open ended tubes or
rams, one working within the other, according to the height to which
the upper tube or ram with the head has to reach. The tubes have
sockets, rings, or other appliances, and cup leathers or brasses in or on
them as a packing, so that one can rise within the next lower one in a
water or fluid tight manner, the outsides of each, excepting the lowest,
being turned true upon the outside for the purpose.
this
One manner, the simplest, of carrying my Invention into practise, is
as follows, supposing the apparatus to have three sliding tubes only :-I
take a tube or pipe 12 inches in diameter and 8 feet in length, with a
flange on the outside of the bottom end. On the top part of this tube
on the inside a projection about 4 inches deep and 3/8 of an inch thick
is cast or otherwise fixed all round. This projection is accurately bored
for the second tube to fit into, and a recess turned out in it for the cup
leathers or brasses. I then fit the recess with the hydraulic cup leather
or brass, as in the ordinary hydraulic press or lift. The second tube is
nearly the same length as the first, but of smaller diameter, and is.
turned true on the outside to fit the bored projection on the inside of the
first tube, and on the top of the second a similar projection is made on.
the inside, which is bored and fitted with hydraulic cup leathers or.
brasses, as in the first tube referred to. I then take the second tube,
and insert it into the first tube, so that its bottom edge will when lowered
to its full length come just above the face of the bed plate hereafter
referred to. The third tube is of still smaller diameter than the second
referred to, and is also turned true on the outside. I insert the third
tube into the second in the same manner as previously described in
reference to the second and first tubes. This upper tube supports a head
cap or cage, which has to be guided in uprights in a similar manner to
the cages of hydraulic lifts as at present constructed.
The highest tube forms the ram head, and is preferably closed near
the bottom by a partition plate for the liquid or fluid to act against,.
.

page_text: the liquid or fluid being forced into the lowest tube, which serves for
the barrel, it being in connection with the pump or head of water, as tho
case may be.
When the tubes are inserted within each other I cause to be fitted on
the outside of each sliding tube at the bottom end a false flange or
collar projecting 1/6th or 3/8th of an inch to form an abutment. When the
slides are forced up this latter projection or abutment comes against the
inside projection at the top of the surrounding tube in the following
way: When the slides are all down the pressure is put on, which acts
on the closed part of the topmost or smallest tube, and on the ends of
all the other tubes, causing them to all ascend together till the falso
flange or collar on the bottom of the largest sliding tube comes against
the projection on the inner side of the fixed barrel. The other tubes
continue to ascend together till the false flange or collar on the second
slider comes against the projection on the inside of the first or bottom
slider, and in the same manner the other sliders ascend till the last slider
is pushed out, when the machine is fully extended.
When the tubes are all placed in their proper positions I firmly attach
the outside tube, which serves for the barrel, to a base or bed plate by
its flange, and connect it with the pump or head of water or of oil, as
the case may be.
take
Another manner of carrying out my Invention is as follows:-I
an ordinary length of tube or pipe, say 12 inches in diameter and 8 feet in
length; one end of this I firmly attach by bolts to a base or bed plato
by its flange. I then attach a socket or ring piece to its top flange, tho
ring being previously prepared with hydraulic cup leather or a brass for
the next tube to slide in. This latter tube is of nearly the same length
as the first one, but of smaller diameter, and turned true upon the
outside, so that its bottom can when lowered come just above the inner
face of the bed plate. To the top flange of this second tube I also attach
a socket or ring with a hydraulic cup leather or a brass for an upper
tube of still smaller diameter, but of the same length as the second tube
referred to, to slide in, and then to the top flange of the third tube I
attach a socket or ring for the upper tube of still smaller diameter to
slide in in a similar manner.
In the case of employing existing lengths of tubes or pipes for the
purposes of my Invention I prefer those with a flange at one end only

page_text: for the sliders, and then after the exteriors are turned down the sockets
or rings are fitted over, and a false flange or ring is fastened on to form
abutting pieces, these when the sliders are forced up being restricted in
their lifts by the false flanges coming against the sockets of the next
lower tubes.
The above is sufficient to explain the nature of my Invention, but I
do not restrict myself to those methods alone of causing one tube to
slide within another to form an apparatus for lifting, forcing, or pressing,
as herein-before set forth.
My Invention will be clearly understood by reference to the accom-
panying Drawings, in which Figure 1 represents a sectional elevation of
the barrel or lower tube A, bolted firmly and in a liquid and air-tight
manner by the flange B and bolts to a base plate C, the base plate
being itself secured down upon masonry or brickwork in the basement D
of a building. The base plate C has an aperture E in it in connection
by a pipe with the force pump fitted at any convenient part,.
should a pump be required. The connection can however, if desired, be.
through the side of the barrel. When however a sufficient head of.
water or other liquid can be obtained I provide the pipe with an end on
passage or other tap, through which the water can flow into the barrel
when turned, say, a quarter round in one direction, and out of it when
the tap is turned; say a quarter round, in the reverse direction, the outflow
passage leading to a waste water receiver or into a cistern fitted for the
purpose.
The upper part of my barrel is provided with an inner flange F, in
which a cup or ring packing G is fitted for the exterior of the tube H,
Figure 2, to rub against when it moves up or down. The upper part
of this tube has also an inner flange provided with a cup or ring packing"
(preferably of leather) for. the tube I, Figure 3, to rub against in like
manner to the tube H. In Figure 4 J is a similarly fitted tube to rise.
and fall within the tube I, and the tube K, Figure 5, within the tubo J,
and the tube L, Figure 6, within the tube K, and so on for as many.
tubes as are required to obtain the necessary extension or lift of the
upper tube L, Figure 6, which is capped or partitioned off by the
partition M for the liquid to press against when it is let or forced into
the barrel A, each inner flange F of the tubes, serving as a stop to come.
into contact with the stop pieces N, N, on the outer lower ends of the
tubes; which stop picces N, N, are screwed, rivetted, or otherwise secured in.

page_text: place after the tubes have been passed down into the tube of next larger
size within which it has to move. The innermost tube, with the par-
tition M, preferably has the cage or foot plate P attached, the corners
or sides of which can have friction rollers R fitted to roll against the
corners or side straps S of the well T in which the lift has to travel, as .
in Figure 7.
The number of tubes working one in the other can be increased to
almost any extent, and the length of each may or may not correspond
with the distance between each floor U of the building in which my
Invention has to be arranged.
I in some cases arrange my liquid supply pipe to the centre of the
base plate, so that it is directly under the centre of what I term the lift
tube L to ensure a more direct vertical lift of it. This tube when its
bottom stop piece N comes into contact under the pressure of the in-
flowing liquid with the inner top flange F of the tube H causes the
tube K to lift the two then moving together as one for the length of the
tube K, the next tubes J, I, and H following in succession until the.
required lift or height be attained.
Figure 8 represents a portion of an ordinary cast tube V, with a cup
leather, socket, and flanged cap or connection W bolted down upon and
within which the inner tube is free to move in an air or a liquid tight
manner, as before explained, the bottom inner flange a of the cap con-
nection being perforated or slotted for the air or liquid to enter up and
act upon the interior of the cup leather, as in the ordinary method of
fitting cup leathers in hydraulic joints; Figure 9 shows a lift complete
upon this plan.
There are other ways of making the joints of my lift tubes air and
liquid tight, consequently I do not confine myself to the exact
methods shown; india-rubber stop buffers can be used, as at 6, Figure 7,.
and at c, Figure 10.
My Invention, as before explained, and which I claim, consists in,—
Constructing and arranging a series of tubes concentricially ono
within the other, as and for the purposes set forth and shown, such
series of tubes being acted upon for lifting or other purposes by one or
more supplies of liquid or fluid admitted to the same barrel, as described,

page_text: the tubes having open bottom ends and stop flanges on the exterior edges
thereof.
Secondly. I claim forming tubes with top and bottom flanges, one
being inside for the reception of a cup leather and to act as a stop piece,
the bottom flange being outside to act as a stop to come into contact
with the stop piece of the tube of the next larger diameter, and in which
the lesser diameter tube has to move, as and for the purposes set forth
and as shown in the Drawings.
Thirdly. I claim fitting cup leather socket caps or connections on
pipes of hydraulic lifts, such cap connections being attached on the ends
of tubes within which other tubes of smaller diameter move in an air and
water-tight manner, and used in conjunction with an inner tube forming
the ram or lift head, as set forth.
Lastly. I claim constructing bydraulic lifts of a scries of open ended
tubes capable of telescoping one within the other, as set forth, whereby
the usual pit for the ram to descend into is dispensed with, as described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Jonathan Holden, have hereunto set
my hand and scal, this Sixteenth day of March One thousand
eight hundred and seventy-five.