Improvements relating to Machines for Tearing, Pulling, or Grinding Rags, Waste, and the like.
Year: 1889

page_text: Date of Application, 24th Sept., 1889
Complete Specification Left, 24th June, 1890-Accepted, 26th July, 1890
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements relating to Machines for Tearing, Pulling, or Grinding
Rags, Waste, and the like.
I. TOM JACKSON, of Ravensthorpe, near Mirfield, in the County of York, Joiner,
do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
My invention relates to, rag, waste, and the like pulling or grinding machines and,
more particularly, comprises improvements in the swift or drum, and in the method of
fixing the teeth thereon.
As heretofore constructed the said swift usually consists of a wheel or drum having
its face or circumference covered with wooden lags in which the pulling or grinding
teeth are fixed. The said wooden lags are attached by screws or bolts or otherwise to
the drum, and are further secured by encircling metal hoops. A swift of this kind
answers the purpose very well so long as the teeth are in good order and there is no
necessity for repairs, but when the teeth are worn out and require to be renewed
(which usually occurs about once in four months) the wooden lags have to be entirely
removed and replaced by fresh ones in which new teeth are driven. Moreover it is
practically impossible in a swift of this construction to repair a portion of the teeth,
that have been say accidentally broken or stripped by some hard substance finding its
way into the machine, without replacing the whole series. Consequently the cost of
repairs to the swift and of renewal of the teeth or re-covering forms a very serious
item of expense in manufactories using these machines.
In my improved swift I provide for effecting the repairs and for re-toothing the
swift in a much more economical manner, and I also construct an apparatus in which
any number, however few, of broken teeth may be easily and expeditiously replaced
by new ones without the necessity of disturbing the remaining whole teeth..
According to my said invention I provide a metal, preferably wrought iron, drum
of any desirable width and I fit on the drum a metal, preferably wrought iron or steel,
perforated cylindrical shell of suitable thickness. The pulling or grinding teeth are
provided with heads and are passed from the inside through the said perforations in
the shell, so that when the said shell is slid over the drum the teeth are thereby
securely held in position. I may bore the interior of the shell and turn the face of
the drum so that both inay be perfectly cylindrical and fit each other, and I may
secure the shell on the drum by bolts or screws or otherwise. I may, however,
construct the drum with adjustable arms and with the rim split transversely to admit
of increasing or diminishing the diameter so as to permit of wedging the drum
tightly in the shell. With this mode of construction it is not necessary to bore or
turn the shell or drum as they can be finished with sufficient accuracy by the rolls or
smith. In addition to the hold obtained by the expansion of the drum, the shell may
be held by screws or bolts or otherwise.
It will be seen from this mode of construction that the teeth when worn out may be
renewed by simply removing the shell, knocking out the old teeth and replacing them
with new ones. Moreover any broken teeth may be renewed in the same manner
without disturbing the remaining teeth. A further important advantage of my
improved swift is that the full width of the drum is available for receiving teeth
instead of being reduced by an amount equal to the width of the metal hoops
aforesaid used for securing the wooden lags on the swift of the construction hereto-
fore adopted. A wider and more effective drum is thus obtained without increasing
the width of the machine. With my improved swift moreover, there is increased
immunity from damage by fire.
I may use any form of teeth with my improved swift, the only requirement being

page_text: that the perforations in the shell shall be formed to correspond with the cross-section
of the teeth. The thickness of the shell must be sufficient to give an adequate
bearing surface.
"Dated this 20th day of September 1889.
HASELTINE, LAKE & Co.,
45, Southampton Buildings, London, W.C., Agents for the Applicant.

page_text: diameter and distance apart for receiving the taper teeth g shown separately in fig. 3
which are driven tightly into the said holes from the inside of the shell. I may use
teeth of any suitable form either round, fishbone, or other section but for simplicity
of construction I prefer the round section. The said holes fare of such a size that
when the teeth are driven home the heads thereof are just flush with the inner face of
the drum; the thickness of the shell is such as to give adequate bearing surface to
ensure a firm hold of the teeth. After inserting the teeth in the shell A in the
manner above described I slide the shell over the drum B and then expand the latter
by means of the screw bolts e until the drum is welged, tight into the shell and forms
a compact rigid toothed swift. It is obvious that my improved swift offers very great
facilities for re-toothing partially or wholly, as it is merely necessary to slack back the
bolts e in order to remove the shell A, when the worn-out or broken teeth may be
knocked out and fresh ones inserted in their place without disturbing the remaining
teeth that are undamaged or not worn-out. The shell may then be slipped over the
drum again and the latter expanded afresh to secure the whole together. This
operation is performed with great despatch, and delays the working of the machine
only for a very short time, and moreover only those teeth that actually require
replacement are renewed while the others are left intact, whereas in machines of this
kind as heretofore constructed the replacement could only be effected by removing the
lags, containing the teeth, in their entirety and replacing them by fresh ones having
new teeth. I have shown a drum having two bosses and two sets of arms, but for
narrow drums I may use only one boss and one set of arms while for very wide drums
I may have more than two bosses.
According to a modification of my invention I employ a solid boss figs. 4 and 5
of any suitable length chambered in the centre if desired and provided with one, two
or more rims for receiving one, two, or more series of arms. The said arms are
constructed to fit easily but without slack into radial holes formed in the rims h¹,
but in this case each arm is screw threaded at its inner end and is provided with a
nut i which may be screwed down so as to bear on the rim. I moreover form the
rim of the drum in one piece split transversoly to admit of slight expansion and
contraction. The drum is expanded by screwing down the nuts i tightly on the boss
and so forcing the rim outwards, while contraction is secured by the elasticity of the
rim when the nuts i ure again slackened.
In a further modification of my invention I may construct an ordinary inexpansible
drum and turn its exterior face to fit accurately the inner surface of the shell A which
in this case I bore truly; and I secure the shell to the drum by bolts or screws or
otherwise. This construction however I do not consider so good as those hereinabove
described.
In some cases I secure the shell A to the drum B where the latter is expansible by
screws or otherwise to ensure that there shall be no slip.
In all the above methods of construction I am enabled to make effective use of the
full width of the drum for the insertion of teeth and I lose no space at the sides as is
the case when encircling hoops are used for securing the lags containing the teeth as
heretofore constructed. The turn out of the machine is therefore largely increased.
In some cases however I may use, instead of a single shell A for holding the teeth, a
series of metal lags surrounding the drum B which are perforated in the same manner
as the shell A and are secured round the drum B by encircling metal hoops, or by
screws or otherwise.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is
-
First. A drum or swift for tearing, pulling or grinding rags and the like having
teeth fixed in an outer metal continuous shell secured on an inner drum substantially
as specified.
Second. A toothed drum or swift for tearing, pulling or grinding rags and the like

page_text: having an inner expansible drum and an outer shell in which the teeth are fixed.
secured on the said expansible drum substantially as specified.
Third. A drum or swift for tearing, pulling or grinding rags and the like having an
inner expansible drum and an outer shell secured thereon, the said shell being fitted
with fishbone shaped teeth substantially as specified.
Fourth. A toothed drum or swift constructed substantially as described and shown
in the accompanying drawings or according to any of the modifications thereof
hereinbefore described and operating substantially as and for the purpose specified.
Dated this 24th day of June 1890.
HASELTINE, LAKE & Co.,
45, Southampton Buildings, London, W.C., Agents for the Applicant.