IM- PROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF TWISTED METAL BARS TO FORM AUGERS AND DRILLS, AND AN IMPROVED COMPOSITE MACHINE FOR TWISTING SUCH AUGERS AND DRILLS, AND FOR CUTTING SCREWS
Year: 1870

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Martin Macdermott, Architect, and Arthur David
Williams, Civil Engineer, both of Scott's Chambers, 25 and 26,
Pudding Lane, in the City of London, for the Invention of "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF TWISTED METAL BARS TO FORM AUGERS
AND DRILLS, AND AN IMPROVED COMPOSITE MACHINE FOR TWISTING SUCH
AUGERS AND DRILLS, AND FOR CUTTING SCREWS."-A communication from
abroad by Jean Boulay, of Autun, in the Empire of France.
Sealed the 7th February 1871, and dated the 10th August 1870.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Martin Macdermott
and Arthur David Williams at the Office of the Commissioners of
Patents, with their Petition, on the 10th August 1870.
We, MARTIN MACDERMOTT, Architect, and ARTHUR DAVID WILLIAMS,
Civil Engineer, both of Scott's Chambers, 25 & 26, Pudding Lane, in
the City of London, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF TWISTED METAL BARS TO FORM

page_text: AUGERS AND Drills, and an ImPROVED COMPOSITE MACHINE FOR Twisting such
AUGERS AND DRILLS, and FOR CUTTING SCREWS," the same being the result of a
communication to us from abroad by Jean Boulay, of Autun, in the
Empire of France, to be as follows:-
The improvements in the manufacture of twisted metal bars are
effected by machinery of which the following is a description :-
The machinery consists (see Drawing, which represents a longitudinal
section of same), firstly, of a metal framework in three parts, of which
the two at one end A and A', connected together, support a drum B of
varying diameter for driving the machine, which drum is placed in the
interval between these frames. Fixed on the same axle as the drum and
at one end of it is an endless screw C ; at the other end is a cog wheel D,
which works in another cog wheel of greater diameter E, the latter being
fixed on a hollow shaft F, working in bearings upon the standards A
and A'. One end of the hollow shaft just mentioned is formed into or
has attached to it a circular disc G, the vertical axis of which coincides
with that of the endless screw. This disc is slotted on the face to
receive moveable jaws or clips, and has an aperture corresponding and
coincident with the hollow of the shaft. Gearing with the endless
screw C is a helical cog wheel H which is fixed on an axle I at right
angles to the axle of the drum and supported on bearings attached to the
cast iron or metal frame A'. At each extremity of the axle I is fixed a
spur wheel. The metal frames A' and A" are connected together by
means of three pairs of wrought-iron rods marked J, K, and L. Two spur
wheels placed directly over the spur wheels last mentioned are attached
to the pair of connecting rods J, and a third pair of spur wheels. is
attached to the extremities of an axle M, fixed in the cast-iron or metal
standard A". Working round the three spur wheels already described
at each side of the standards is a chain N (that is to say, one chain at
each side of the standards). The ends of the chains last mentioned are
attached to a traveller of special construction O which slides along the
pair of connecting rods J, the said traveller being furnished with
apparatus for holding or gripping the bar to be twisted, and also for
screw cutting when required. Resting upon the connecting rods K, and
extending in length over the interval between the standards A' and A";
is a metal trough furnished with an outlet pipe, and over. this trough is
fixed a series of water pipes with perforations on their circumferences at

page_text: the end nearest the disc G, and with tap or taps for turning the water
on and off from the supply pipe.
The operation of the machine is as follows:- -Motion is given to the
machine by means of a driving band over the drum B, and this motion is
transmitted by the endless screw C to the shaft I and the chains which
are in connection with it, and by means of the cog wheels D and E to
the hollow shaft F. Then, for the operation of twisting bars, a special
chuck containing rollers suitable to the size of the bar to be twisted,
having been inserted in the disc G and fixed therein by means of the
moveable jaws or clips already referred to the machine is set in motion,
and the bar to be twisted, heated to the required temperature, is passed
through the hollow shaft F, and between the rollers in the chuck; it is
then attached by its extremity to the special traveller O, and being
drawn forward by the motion of the traveller at the same time that it is
revolving on its own axis, these combined motions give the bar a spiral
twist, which is continued throughout its entire length. The pitch of
the spiral depends on the relative velocities of the traveller and of the
roller chuck through which the bar passes, these relative velocities being
variable by means of a series of different sized spur wheels over which the
chains work, and which spur wheels can be changed as may be necessary.
By means of the water pipes already mentioned jets of water are con-
tinually thrown upon the bar as it emerges twisted from the rollers, thus
maintaining the regularity of the spiral throughout the entire length of
the bar. For the operation of screw cutting one end of the bar to be cut
is fixed to the disc G, and a screw-cutting apparatus being fixed in the
traveller O receives the bar at its other end, the necessary sized spur
wheels having been attached to suit the required pitch of screw. The
machine being set in motion the traveller advances towards the disc,
cutting the screw as it advances.
O SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Martin Macdermott and Arthur David Williams
in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 9th February 1871.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, MARTIN
MACDERMOTT, Architect, and ARTHUR DAVID WILLIAMS, Civil Engineer,

page_text: both of Scott's Chambers, 25 and 26 Pudding Laue, in the City of
London, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Tenth day of August, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy, in the thirty-fourth
year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and
grant unto us, the said Martin Macdermott and Arthur David Williams,
Her special licence that we, the said Martin Macdermott and Arthur
David Williams, our executors, administrators, and assigns, or such
others as we, the said Martin Macdermott and Arthur David Williams,
our executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during
the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and yend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
'IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF TWISTED METAL BARS TO FORM AUGERS
AND DRILLS, AND AN IMPROVED COMPOSITE MACHINE FOR TWISTING SUCH AUGERS
AND DRILLS AND FOR CUTTING SCREWS," the same being a communication to us
from abroad by Monsieur Jean Boulay, of Autun, in the Empire of
France, upon the condition (amongst others) that we, the said Martin
Macdermott and Arthur David Williams, our executors or administrators,
by an instrument in writing under our, or their, or one of their hands
and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the
said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and
cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said Martin Macdermott and Arthur
David Williams, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention,
and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement; -
The improvements in the manufacture of twisted metal bars to form
augers and drills are effected by machinery of which the following is a
description, reference being had to the accompanying Drawings, and to
the letters and figures marked thereon, that is to say :-
Fig. 1 is a longitudinal section or sectional representation, Fig. 2 is a

page_text: plan, and Fig. 3 represents a transverse section of the said machine for
twisting metal bars, which consists, firstly, of cast iron or other metal
framework in three parts, of which the two frames or standards A and A'
at one end thereof connected together support a drum B of varying
diameter for driving the machine, which drum is placed in the interval
between these frames. Fixed on the same axle as the drum, and at one
end of it is an endless screw C; at the other end is a cog wheel D,,
which works in another cog wheel of greater diameter E, the latter
being fixed on a hollow shaft F working in bearings upon the standards
A and A¹. One end of the hollow shaft just mentioned is formed into or
has attached to it a circular disc G, the vertical axis of which coincides
with that of the endless screw C. This disc is slotted on the face to
receive moveable jaws or clips, and has an aperture corresponding to and
coincident with the hollow of the shaft. Gearing with the endless
screw C is a helicoidal cog wheel H, which is fixed on an axle I at right
angles to the axle of the drum B, and supported on bearings attached to
the frame A¹. At each extremity of the said axle is fixed a spur wheel.
The frames or standards A¹ and A" are connected together by means of
three pairs of wrought-iron rods marked respectively J, K, and L. Two
spur wheels placed directly over the spur wheels last mentioned are
attached to the pair of connecting rods J, and a third pair of spur wheels
is attached to the extremities of an axle M fixed in the frame or
standard A. Working round the three spur wheels already described
at each side of the standards is a chain N (that is to say, one chain at
each side of the standards). The ends of the chains last mentioned are
attached to a "traveller" of special construction O, which slides along
the pair of connecting rods J, the said traveller being furnished with
apparatus for holding or gripping the bar to be twisted, and also for
screw cutting when required, but for the latter purpose we use in pre-
ference the "traveller" shewn Figs. 4 (elevation) and 5 (plan). Resting
upon the connecting rods K (Figs. 1, 2, and 3,) and extending in length
over the interval between the standards A' and A" is a metal trough R,
furnished with an outlet pipe, and over this trough R is fixed a series of
water pipes p, p, p, with supply pipe and regulating cocks. These
pipes p, p, p, are pierced with a number of holes on their circumferences
along a portion of their length nearest the disc G, which holes, or any
number of them required, can be closed by means of external telescopic
tubes, as shewn.

page_text: The operation of the machine is as follows:--Motion is given to the
machine by means of a driving band over the drum B in connection with
pulleys for reversing or stopping the same, and this motion is transmitted
by the endless screw C to the shaft I and the chains which are in
connection with it, and by means of the cog wheels D and E to the
hollow shaft F. Then for the operation of twisting bars, the special
chuck Q, herein-after more fully described, containing rollers suitable to
the bar to be twisted having been inserted in the disc G, and fixed
therein by means of the moveable jaws or clips already referred to, the
machine is set in motion, and the bar to be twisted (heated to the
required temperature) is passed through the hollow shaft F and between
the rollers in the chuck; it is then attached by its extremity to the
special traveller O, which is brought for that purpose close to the disc G,
and the bar to be twisted being drawn forward by the motion of the
traveller at the same time that it is revolving on its own axis, these
combined motions give the bar a spiral twist, which is continued
uniformly throughout its entire length. The "pitch" of the spiral
depends on the relative velocities of the traveller O, and of the roller
chuck through which the bar passes, these relative velocities being
variable by means of a series of different sized spur wheels, over which
the chains work, and which can be changed as may be necessary. By
means of the water pipes already mentioned jets of water are con-
tinuously thrown on the bar as it emerges twisted from the rollers, thus
fixing the spiral and maintaining its regularity throughout the entire
length of the bar. For some qualities of metal, in lieu of the arrange-
ment of water jets last described we prefer to convert the jets of water
(or other liquid may be used) into spray, the temperature of which can
be regulated at will. Our mode of effecting this is shewn Figs. 6 and 7,
Fig. 6 being an enlarged longitudinal section of the roller chuck Q and
pipes, Fig. 7 a cross section of the pipes and front elevation of the roller
chuck. Conical funnels 8, 8, 8, are attached to the nozzles of the water
pipes p, p, p, already referred to, at an angle with each other, as shewn,
and into the centre of each of these funnels the nozzle of a steam pipe st
is introduced, the steam from which causes a current of air to blow
through the funnels, of which the mouths are in contact with the nozzles
of the water pipes, the result being that the water (or other liquid) with
which the pipes are charged is, as it issues from the said pipes, converted
into a spray, through which the bar emerging from the rollers is made

page_text: to pass. By varying the rollers in the chucks in the manner shewn at
Figs. 6 and 7 any size or shape of bar can be twisted.
In Figs. 8 and 9 is shewn a chuck, which we prefer for twisting
rectangular bars, as by means of this chuck we can adjust the rollers to
any size of bar that may be required. Fig. 8 represents an enlarged
longitudinal section of the chuck; Fig. 9 shews half front elevations of
the same, with rollers set on one side for large, and on the other for small
bars. This chuck consists of a metal frame t, which is fastened by bolts
or otherwise to the disc G; this frame t is grooved to receive the sliding
frames u and u', to which are attached the adjusting screws V and V¹,
working in the frame t. The sliding frames u and u¹ are slotted in the
form shewn to receive the bearings W, W, W¹, W¹, of the rollers x and x,
which bearings slide within the said frames u and u', and thus by means
of the adjusting screws V and V₁ the rollers can be adjusted to any
required size of bar. For screw cutting we remove the water pipes p, p, p,
together with the chains and the "traveller" O, substituting for the
latter the "traveller" O¹ (Figs. 4 and 5), which is furnished with the
dies necessary for screw cutting; then one end of the bar to be cut
having been fixed by means of the clips in the disc G, and the dies
having been brought together on the bar by means of the right and left
screws shewn on the "traveller" O¹, the machine is set in motion, and
the traveller O' advances towards the disc G, cutting the screw by means
of the dies as it advances. If a nut is required to be cut, the tap for the
same is fixed in the disc G, while the nut is fixed in the traveller O¹, the
operation otherwise being the same as for screw cutting.
Fig. 10, Sheet 3, shews 'the side elevation of another arrangement of
this machine designed to act vertically on the same principle as that
already herein described and for the same purposes, namely, to twist
metal bars to form augers and for screw cutting; but in this arrange-
ment the bar to be twisted instead of being drawn horizontally through
a chuck with rollers by a ¨"traveller" sliding on horizontal bars is
drawn through a hollow shaft F¹, which in this case is set vertically, the
chuck and disc being placed at the lower extremity of the said hollow
shaft. The various working parts of this machine are set in or supported
by a main frame or standard of metal A", B' being the driving drum
which gives motion to the hollow shaft F¹ by means of the bevilled

page_text: wheels D¹ and E'; the other end of the axle of the drum, by the inter-
mediate action of two other bevilled wheels D" and E", driving the
endless screw C¹, the endless screw in its turn driving the helicoidal cog
wheel H', and this latter having attached to its axle and on the outside
thereof at either end a spur wheel with two other spur wheels set in a
the same plane; over each of the sets of three spur wheels last
mentioned a chain works on each side of the machine, making two
chains, which are attached to the "traveller," which slides up and down
between the pair of guide rods J¹.
The mode of operation of the form of machine last described is the 1
same as that of the horizontal machine for the same purposes herein
referred to, as are also the arrangements for cooling and fixing the bar
as it is twisted..
"
In both arrangements of the machine for twisting bars herein
described motion is shewn to be transmitted to the machine by means of
bands working over a drum, but it is to be understood that, where
advisable, the machine can be driven directly by an engine without the
interposition of bands.
Having thus particularly described and ascertained the nature of the
Invention, and its mode of operation and action, we would have it a
understood that what we claim is, the invention of a machine, sub-
stantially as herein shewn and described, for the purpose of twisting bars
to form augers and drills, and for screw cutting, whether the arrange-
ment of the said machine be vertical, horizontal, or at any other angle,
and in connection with the said machine we claim the mode of twisting
metal bars by drawing them through a revolving chuck and revolving
rollers by means of a gripping piece having a rectilineal motion, sub-
stantially as herein described.
We also claim the application of water, or liquid, or spray of any
liquid to the said bars as they emerge twisted from the rollers for the
purpose of fixing and maintaining the regularity of their spiral twist.
We claim the arrangement of expanding roller chuck as shown Fios 8.

page_text: the same to the cooling of metals, substantially as herein shewn and
described.
.
In witness whereof, we, the said Martin Macdermott and Arthur
David Williams, have hereunto set our hands and seals, this
Eighth day of February, in the year of our Lord One thousand
eight hundred and seventy-one.
Witness,
ALFRED DAVIS.
MARTIN MACDERMOTT.
(L.S.)
ARTHUR DAVID WILLIAMS. (L.S.)