IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR HEATING WINES AND OTHER FERMENTABLE LIQUIDS, PARTS OF SUCH APPARATUS BEING ALSO APPLICABLE TO OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1869

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Armand Gilbee, of the General Patent
Office, 4, South Street, Finsbury, in the County of Middlesex,
Patent Agent, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR
HEATING WINES AND OTHER FERMENTABLE LIQUIDS, PARTS OF SUCH APPARATUS
BEING ALSO APPLICABLE TO OTHER PURPOSES."-A communication from
abroad by Edmond Philibert Jean Louis Terrel des Chênes, of
Villié-Morgon, in the Empire of France.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Armand Gilbee
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 20th September 1869.
I, WILLIAM ARMAND GILBEE, of the General Patent Office, 4, South
Street, Finsbury, in the County of Middlesex, Patent Agent, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS.
FOR HEATING WINES AND OTHER FERMENTABLE LIQUIDS, PARTS OF SUCH APPARATUS
BEING ALSO APPLICABLE TO OTHER PURPOSES," to be as follows, that is to say:-
The Invention communicated to me relates to improvements on
Invention for which Letters Patent were granted to Edmond Philibert
[Price 8d.]

page_text: eight hundred and sixty-eight, Number 1897.
These improvements consist,-
Firstly. In employing for the heating operation a hot bath or a
circulation in hot water in place of the circulation in steam.
Secondly. In the employment for modifying or regulating the
temperature of the bath of a valve and cock arrangement connected
together for discharging the more heated water from the lower com-
partment of the hot bath and replacing it in the same operation with
water at a low temperature from the upper compartment of the hot
bath.
Thirdly. In the employment of dampers in the chimney of the furnace
suitably arranged for regulating the intensity of the combustion, and for
completing the regulation action of the valve and cock arrangement
herein-before described.
Fourthly. In the employment of a compressed air apparatus consisting
of a pump and compressed air receiver for assisting the passage of the
liquid through the apparatus, accelerating its circulation, and allowing
of its being transferred as it is heated from a lower cask to an upper or
distant cask.
By these arrangements I am enabled to regulate the temperature
by acting at the same time on the source of heat by regulating the
intensity of the combustion and on the bath which transmits the heat by
the mechanism, displacing the water, and on the duration of the cir-
culation of the liquid in the heating apparatus either by increasing or
diminishing (by means of a cock) its speed of introduction or its speed of
discharge.
Fifthly. In placing the apparatus on a carriage or carriages, thereby
rendering it moveable at will either in one or two parts, and rendering
it available for the treatment of the product of a whole district. The
apparatus is connected to the casks for containing and receiving the
fermentable liquid by flexible tubes, having proper cocks and screw
unions.
Sixthly. In applying the parts of the apparatus described for cooling
wine and other fermentable liquids and represented in Figure 6 in the
Specification of the herein-before mentioned Letters l'atent modified in
form and employed in such a manner as to be applicable for cooling

page_text: or heating liquids or beverages served at table for repasts. The agent
I employ for cooling is ice, either mixed or not with salt or a
refrigerating mixture. For heating a spirit lamp is placed under the
apparatus after the introduction of hot water or other liquid to be kept
hot, by which its temperature is maintained.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said William Armand Gilbee in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 19th March 1870.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
ARMAND GILBEE, of the General Patent Office, 4, South Street, Finsbury,
in the County of Middlesex, Patent Agent, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twentieth day of September, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-nine, in the thirty-
third year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and
grant unto me, the said William Armand Gilbee, Her special licence that
I, the said William Armand Gilbee, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, or such others as I, the said William Armand Gilbee, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with,
and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the
term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise,
and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland,
the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN APPARATUS FOR HEATING WINES AND OTHER FERMENTABLE LIQUIDS, PARTS OF
SUCH APPARATUS BEING ALSO APPLICABLE TO OTHER PURPOSES," (a communication
from abroad by Edmond Philibert Jean Louis Terrel des Chênes, of
Villić-Morgon, in the Empire of France upon the condition (amongst
others) that I, the said William Armand Gilbee, my executors or
administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one
of their hands and seale, should particularly describe and ascertain the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was
be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent
Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date
of the said Letters Patent.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said William Armand Gilbee, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in
and by the following statement, reference being had to the Drawing
hereunto annexed, and to the figures and letters marked thereon, that is to
say:-
This Invention relates to improvements on an Invention for which
Letters Patent were granted to Edmond Philibert Jean Louis Terrel des
Chênes on the Tenth day of June One thousand eight hundred and
sixty-eight, Number 1897.
These improvements consist,―
Firstly. In employing for heating wine and other fermentable liquids
a hot bath or a circulation in hot water in place of a circulation in
steam.
Secondly. In the employment for modifying or regulating the tem-
perature of the bath of a valve and cock arrangement connected together
for discharging the more heated water from the lower compartment of
the hot bath, and replacing it in the same operation by water at a lower
temperature from the upper compartment of the hot bath.
Thirdly. In the employment of dampers in the chimney of the furnace
suitably arranged for regulating the intensity of the combustion, and
for completing the regulating action of the valve and cock arrangement
herein-before described.
Fourthly. In the employment of a compressed air apparatus consisting
of a pump and compressed air receiver for assisting the passage of the
liquid through the heating apparatus, accelerating its circulation, and
allowing of its being transferred as it is heated from a lower cask to an
upper or distant cask by means of pressure.
By these arrangements I am enabled to regulate the temperature by
acting at the same time, firstly, on the source of heat by regulating
the intensity of the combustion; secondly, on the bath which transmits
the heat by means of the mechanism displacing the water; and, thirdly,
by varying the duration of the circulation of the liquid in the heating
apparatus either by increasing or diminishing (by means of a cock) its
speed of introduction or its speed of discharge.
Fifthly. In an improved cooler placed ground the heating annaratus

page_text: Sixthly. In placing the apparatus on a carriage or carriages,
thereby rendering it moveable at will either in one or two parts, and
rendering it available for the treatment of the product of a whole
district.
Seventhly. In applying the parts of the apparatus for cooling wine
and other fermentable liquids described in the Specification of the herein-
before mentioned Letters Patent and represented in Figures 5 and 6
of the Drawing thereto annexed, modified in dimensions to fit it for the
table for instantaneously cooling or heating beverages or liquids served
at table.
The agent I employ for cooling is ice, either mixed or not with salt,
or a refrigerating mixture. For heating, a spirit lamp is placed under
the apparatus after the introduction of the water or other liquid to be
heated to maintain the temperature of the hot bath, so that the tempera-
ture of the liquid to be heated is raised instantaneously to a temperature
varying according to the rapidity given to its flow.
In the accompanying Drawing Figure 1 is an elevation of the
improved noveable apparatus in two parts, videlicet, one for heating
and the other for compressing air; Figure 2, end view of the same, the
heating apparatus and bath being in section. Similar letters represent
similar parts in both Figures.
A, wheelbarrow carriage for moving the air compressing apparatus ;
B, air pump fixed on the carriage A; the sucking in of the atmosphere
is effected by valves enclosed in the box b, and the forcing out by valves
enclosed in the box 6. The pump sucks in liquids in the same manner,
and may be used for other purposes. C, balance or lever handle for
working the pump B; D, compressed air receiver. The air is conducted
from the pump B by the box 6¹, and egresses from it by the pipe or
conduct E, which conveys it to the upper part of the receiver or cask
to be emptied for exerting pressure on the liquid contained therein.
The action of the air is moderated, stopped, or otherwise regulated by
the cock e; G, cask or receiver containing the wine or other ferment-
able liquid to be heated; H, conduct pipe for the liquid from the receiver
to the heating apparatus; its passage is regulated by means of the
cock h; I, bundle of tubes fixed on the conduit pipe H, and extending
into the hot bath; it consists of a group of small tubes of any required
uumber dividing the liquid for increasing the heating surface, and for
this purpose the length of the worm is increased or diminished, as

page_text: nace.
described in the former Patent herein-before referred to. J, discharge
pipe of the heated liquid containing the bundle of heating tubes; it
opens into any suitable receiver employed, the flow being regulated by
means of the cock j; K, thermometer for marking the temperature of
the liquid; L, hand carriage for moving the heating apparatus; M, fur-
The air for the combustion enters through the lower grate m, and
the gaseous products of combustion are discharged into the atmosphere
by the chimney N, which is furnished with a damper n serving to
moderate the draught and to regulate the intensity of the heat; it can be
removed at will. The furnace and part of the chimney are completely
covered by the hot bath, as shown. The hot water or heating bath is
divided into two compartments, O being the lower one, and P the upper
one; they communicate with one another by means of the valve 1,
which forms part of the double discharge mechanism R; P, upper
compartment of the hot bath from which the supply of water is renewed;
R, double discharge mechanism opening and closing at the same time
the valve of communication between the two compartments and the
clearing cock of the lower compartment for modifying the temperature
of the hot water bath when necessary. Thus the intensity of the heat
is regulated by the damper and the mechanism R, and also by the
cocks e, h, j, which regulate the duration of contact of the heat with
the liquid.
The improved apparatus can work at a distance from the receivers to
be emptied and filled, the communication being effected by the com-
pression of the air, and by means of the union joint described in the
Specification of the former Patent herein-before referred to.
Having found by experiment that by subjecting the wine to an
immediate cooling after the heating operation a great and permanent
improvement in the quality of the wine is effected, I find it advantageous
to apply the cooler herein-after described to the heating apparatus shewn
in Figures 1 and 2. I construct this cooler shewn in plau in Figure 3 of
a cylindrical copper tube z, tinned internally about six inches in diameter
and of a spherical form, as shewn. In the interior of this tube is placed
a worm similar to that at D, Figure 1, of said former Letters Patent, and
consisting of forty small tubes about one-seventh of an inch in internal
diameter, and one-fourth of an inch in external diameter, which meet
and are soldered to plates and screw union joints placed at the two
extremities of the tube z; this tube is provided with a hole a opposite a

page_text: corresponding noie in the boiler, and with a union Joint on its internal
diameter. A small piece of india-rubber tube provided with two collars
and two unions is adjusted to the interior hole r of the cooler and to the
corresponding hole of the boiler, another piece of india-rubber tube
about twenty inches in length with collars and union joints is adapted to
the hole w of the boiler and to the hole of the cooler, and a tap is
screwed into the exterior hole t of the cooler, and receives on its second
uniou joint the pipe H for conducting the cold wine. The pipe J is
screwed to the hole s at the end of the cooler, and the thermometer is
adjusted in a small hole made in the said india-rubber tube twenty inches
in length, which puts the hole w of the boiler in communication with
the hole of the cooler.
The cooler thus constructed works as follows:-The cold current of
liquid to be heated forced along by the pump comes into the cooling
hole t, which it fills; passing on in the direction indicated by the arrow
it enters the internal hole r, and through the hole 1 of the boiler into
the worm I immersed in the warm bath, in which it is heated; it egresses
through the hole w of the boiler and passes through the said pipe twenty
inches in length, marks its degree of temperature on the thermometer
which is placed in it, enters through the hole the worm of the cooler,
where it is cooled and egresses through the other end of the cooler,
from which the pipe J conveys it into the cask for its reception; at the
extremity of this pipe a curved tube is screwed, through which the air
expelled from the cask escapes with a whistling noise. As soon as the
cask is full or nearly full notice is given by the stoppage of the whistle.
The weight of the cooler is about forty pounds and is about six feet six
inches long, and is suspended by small chains to rings fixed to the upper
edge of the boiler. By employing this cooler the useful effect of the
apparatus is increased.
I have constructed an apparatus of an intermediate size between the
one herein-before described and that described in the Specification of
the said former Letters Pateut and shewn in Figures 5 and 6 of the
Drawing annexed thereto. It differs only in the dimensions, which are
twice as large, and in that the receiver containing the hot bath has a
central space in communication with the fire-place. I do not use the
cooler H, Figures 5 and 6, of the said former Patent in this arrangement,
but have adopted one similar, except as to dimensions, to that herein-
before described and shewn in Figure 3. It is carried on arms fixed

page_text: externally to the furnace; it is provided with similar holes and works in
a similar manner, the worm having only nine small tubes. It heats the
wine either for casks or for bottling. If the tube z of the herein-before
described cooler be perforated with holes and the cooler be placed in a
hot water bath it will become a heating worm, in which the division of
the liquid current into a number of small currents produces instantaneous
heating. The boiler of the heating apparatus, Figures 1 and 2, by means
of its escape valve to which india-rubber pipes may be attached will
supply steam, which may be conducted into the casks to cleanse them or
into sluggish vats to stimulate the fermentation of the must; for this
latter purpose the tube conveying the steam is provided at its end with
a tube about one foot in length, perforated throughout its length with
small holes, which is plunged into the vat to be stimulated.
Having now described the nature of the Invention communicated to
me, and the manner of performing the same, what I claim is, the
improvements in apparatus for heating wines and other fermentable
liquids as herein-before described and represented in the accompanying
Drawing.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Armand Gilbee, have hereto
set my hand and seal, this Nineteenth day of March, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy.
W. A. GILBEE. (L.S.)