IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION AND MODE OF APPLYING CRANES AND OTHER HOISTING MACHINES TO HOISTING, SUSPENDING, LOWERING, AND WEIGHING PURPOSES: ALSO TANG AND APPLUTO MOTIVE POWER FOR THE SAME."
Year: 1857

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Stanley, Mechanical Engineer, of No. 244,
Whitechapel Road, in the Parish of Saint Mary, Whitechapel, in the
County of Middlesex, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
CONSTRUCTION AND MODE OF APPLYING CRANES AND OTHER HOISTING MACHINES
TO HOISTING, SUSPENDING, LOWERING, AND WEIGHING PURPOSES: ALSO
TANG AND APPLUTO MOTIVE POWER FOR THE SAME."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Stanley at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
4th May 1857.
I, JOHN STANLEY, Mechanical Engineer, of No. 244, Whitechapel Road, iu
the Parish of Saint Mary, Whitechapel, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CON-
STRUCTION AND MODE OF APPLYING CRANES AND OTHER HOISTING MACHINES TO
HOISTING. SUSPENDING, LOWERING, AND WEIGHING PURPOSES: ALSO IN GENERATING.
TRANSMITTING, AND APPLYING MOTIVE POWER FOR THE SAME," to be as follows:-
This Invention applies, firstly, to such steam cranes as have their hoisting
gear-work attached to and carried by the parts that move round their vertical
axes, and provides that their steam boilers be attached to and carried by such

page_text: moveable parts, in order that the engines thereon may be supplied with steam
without having to pass it through the pivots upon which the cranes turn. And
that such boilers be occasionally supplied with water drawn through the
vertical axes by means of pumps erected at an elevation above the highest
pivot throug which the water has to pass before reaching the pumps, in
order that the air may be completely exhausted from the suction pipe. It
also provides a novel principal for constructing the fire boxes, tubes, and
other parts of the steam boilers exposed to the heat of the furnaces, by
making the surfaces so exposed corrugated, reeded, or fluted, for the
pose of increasing the same, which novelty is applicable to boilers used
for other purposes.
pur-
Secondly, in cases where it is requisite to have steam engines at a con-
siderable distance from cranes and other hoisting machines to which they
supply motive power, this Invention provides that with such cranc or other
hoisting machines water turbines be constructed and be supplied with water
forced through pipes by the power of steam, or from reservoirs or accumu-
lators into which water has been so forced; and that the power of such
turbines be applied to the purposes of hoisting. This mode of combining
the turbines and steam engines is also claimed to be original if applied to
produce and transmit motive power for other purposes.
Thirdly, in consequence of the work of steam hoisting being intermittant
there is great obstruction caused by the accumulation of water formed by
condensation of steam in the cylinders at every starting, to prevent which
this Invention provides that the engines be made to work horizontally and
have their exhaust passages connected on the underside of their cylinders,
by which means the water is caused to drain away the instant it is formed.
Fourthly, to meet the various degrees of power required in working steam
cranes, it also provides that the wheel gear be arranged so that the neces-
sary changes may be made. This is done by means of shifting pinions or
clutches, or both of them. In some instances more than one engine is
caused to act upon the same hoist, in which case they are arranged so as
to allow any one or more of them to be thrown out of work, whilest the
other or others remain in gear.
These last two improvements will be better shown by the Drawing
accompanying the Complete Specification.
Fifthly, to obtain a more substantial and less expensive mode of construct-
ing the bases and foundations of self-supporting cranes, to protect the vertical
axle bearings from the weather, and to afford means of cleaning them, also tu
reduce the friction and power required to turn the cranes round, this Inven-

page_text: tion provides that the centre pillars be made hollow, with their bottom ends
somewhat in the form of a flattish cone or the mouth of a bell, and spreaded
outward to an extent sufficient to form a base capable being fastened to
ordinary brick or timber foundations, or to ship's decks or warehouse flooring
with holding down bolts and nuts, such pillars to be in one or more pieces as
occasion may require, their form being the novelty. It also provides that in
the top of each such pillars there be fitted a clean bored cup, capable of
holding oil, by preference of a parabolical form), into which one end of a
pivot is inserted, such pivot being fitted (and made adjustable) in the top of
the main stock, so as to bear the whole weight of the crane; that both pivot
and cup be made and fitted so that they can be taken out; that the axle
bearing at the bottom of the main stock be made to act in entire rolling con-
tact, and capable of being got at to be cleaned by means of removing the top
pivot and applying a lifting screw in the place thereof, so as to raise the
bottom of the stock above tho friction rolers of the said bottom bearing; that
guides be formed upon the centre pillar and within the main stock, to prevent
the crane from tilting whilst so lifted; and that the said vertical axle
bearings be covered by and contained within the main stock, so as to
entirely protect them from the weather.
Sixthly, for the purpose of transmitting the lading from one ship (or other
craft) to another, also for landing or shipping the same, this Invention pro-
vides that steam cranes of the adjustable derrick class, together with steam,
boilers and engines, be erected upon suitable craft, and arranged in a manner
that they can each be floated and placed between any other floating vessels
and made to hoist the lading from one and transmit it to another by the
power of steam; the same power to be applicable to locate the craft, if
required.
Seventhly, to the last mentioned class of cranes, this Invention provides
three novel arrangements in the jib-hoisting and holding gearwork, two of
which affect the main hoist, and one or more of them apply to the floating
cranes herein-before described. The first of which provides that the main
hoist chain be arranged to hang in a loop from the jib head (of cach crane,to
which this novelty is applied), holding in such loop a pulley, with a hook
attached thereunto for the purpose of taking hold of bodies required to be
hoisted; that one end of such chain be made to pass over a pulley in the jib
head,and be connected to the main hoist barrel, and the other end of the same
chain be passed over suitable pulleys on its way to the jib-hoisting barrel, or
its mechanical equivalent, whereunto it be fastened and arranged to coil thereon
as the jib hoist chain is let out,and vice versa. By these arrangements the

page_text: jibhoist is made to work easily without interfering with the main hoist,except
that one end of the chain be taken in and lot out, as before stated, for the
purpose of preventing bodies suspended from rising and falling with the jib,
and avoiding the necessity of shifting clutches or pinion, or their mechanical
equivalent, between the two goarworks. The second provides that the movable
jib (of each crane to which it is applied) be held in any required position
by means of an arrangement and combination of a break and a ratchet, which
arrangement provides that to the jib hoist ther be a break wheel connected
and that such break wheel be embraced by a loaded break, and thereby held
together with the barrel from turning in the direction for letting down the jib,
whilsta ratchet and pawl escapement thereunto connected will allow the barrel
to turn in the direction for raising the same; and that by releasing the break
from its grip on the wheel, the barrel and wheel will turn together and thereby
let the jib down. The third and last provides an arrangement in the shifting
gearwork and connection between the main and jib hoist barrels, to prevent
the jib from being accidentally or carelessly let down. In cases where the
main hoists consists of a single chain, the jib and main hoist barrels are ren-
dered capable of being geared together, or disconnected by some such shifting
gearwork that is commonly used for that purpose, to which this Invention adds
the said improvement, and provides that some convenient part of the shifting
connection between the main and jib hoisting barrels be arranged and made
to require the same space when the two barrels are unconnected as the pawl
belonging to the jib hoist requires when it is lifted from the ratchet, thereby
rendering it impracticable to disconnect the two barrels without first letting
the jib hoist pawl fall upon the ratchet, or to disengage the same
pawl first without connecting the two barrels. The jib hoist barrel in all
the three cases is preferred to be of a conical spiral form.
Eighthly,this Invention provides four novel arrangements in the construc-
tion of cranes and other hoisting machines, for the purpose of connecting
weighing appliances thereunto. The first of which consists in constructing
the first pulley over which the hoisting chain passes in a loose carriage,and
staying the same from moving in the direction of the power with stays
arranged in pairs acting paralell to each other, one of each pair in the capacity
of a prop and the other a tie, each pair taking hold of the two ends of a trans-
verse bar, at the middle of which is carried one end of the spindle upon which
the pulley turns and is carried. By these means the power is counteracted,
and the weight of the body in suspension rendered capable of being taken by
an ordinary weighing apparatus being applied to the loose carriage. The second
consists in applying measured force to any chain or other article bearing a

page_text: body in suspension to cause the chain or other article to deverge from a straight
line,and by ascertaining the quantity of force required the weight of the body
suspended can be known, or at least an approximation thereto, sufficient to
answer rough purposes of weighing upon cranes. The third consists in form-
ing the hoisting chain into a loop, by which loop is carried a pulley with a
hook connected thereunto for the purposes of lifting and holding bodies in
suspension, one end of which chain communicates with the hoisting barrel,
and the other to any suitable weighing appliance; both ends of such chain
are required to be lead in an upright direction, that to the hoisting barrel
carried over a pully, should the hoisting barrel not be plumb over the body
suspended. The fourth and last of these noveties provides that to compensate
for the difference of the weight of the part of the hoisting chain hanging upon
either of the weighing appliances at the different heights that the bodies may
be hoisted, a compensating apparatus be connected to the hoisting barrel, and
made to differ the balance of the weighing appliance equal to that of the chain
bearing thereupon. By these arrangements the weight of bodies can be taken
at any height which they may be lifted to.
Ninethly, this Invention provides a novel mode of increasing the power of
levers used in the operation of striking, lifting, and connecting the parts of
large weighing machines, and provides that transversely to such levers a
tooth-geared rack be attached the end where the power is required to be
applied, such rack being arranged for a pinion to traverse round one of its
ends, somewhat like unto the gearwork of a Baker's patent mangle, the pinion
being fitted to a shaft, which shaft is made to work in fixed bearings, whereby,
turning the shaft with a winch handle in the proper direction, the pinion will
raise the lever whilst it is traverseing one side of the rack. The lever being
provided with a movable fulcrim it will move in a horrizontal direction as
the pinion passes round the end of the rack, by which action a hook and eye
are brought into contact, and as the pinion advances on the contrary side of
the rack the lever is releived of its load and set free, by reversing the action
the hook and eye are disconnected, and the lever with it load upon it let
down again.
Lastly, what I have herein-before stated is a general discription of the
Invention. I wish it to be understood that I claim to alter, somewhat in
details of arrangement, in my Complete Specification, that where I have
stated in the singular I intend it to apply to the plural, and vice versa ;
wherein I have stated chain, I intend it to include rope or any other article
that would serve in place of chain; whrein I stated this Invention, I mean
it to apply to the Iuvention and improvement sought to be protected; wherein

page_text: I have stated corrugated, I mean waved in ridges and hollows running trans-
versely to the waved line; and I also claim it to be a novelty to apply steam
power to a portable crane carried upon wheels.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said John Stanley in the Great Seal Patent Oflice on the
4th November 1857.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOIN
STANLEY, Mechanical Engineer, of 244, Whitechapel Road, in the Parish of
Saint Mary, Whitechapel, in the County of Middlesex, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Fourth day of May, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-seven, in the twentieth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto
me, the said John Stanley, Her special licence that I, the said John
Stanley, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the
said John Stanley, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any
time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times there-
after during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make,
use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man. an Invention for "IMPROVE
MENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION AND MODE OF APPLYING CRANES AND OTHER HOISTING
MACHINES TO HOISTING, SUSPENDING, LOWERING, AND WEIGHING PURPOSES; ALSO IN
GENERATING, TRANSMITTING AND APPLYING MOTIVE POWER FOR THE SAME," upon
the condition (amongst others) that I, the said John Stanley, my executors or
administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their
hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the
said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause
the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that 1, the said John Stanley, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement thereof, that is to say:-
These improvements are several in number, aud apply separately to several
varieties of cranes and other hoising machines; the first cf which applies
to fixed and portable steam-wharf cranes, and all others to which the steam

page_text: engines are attached and made to turn round their vertical axes with the
crane. This improvement provides that the steam boilers he attached to and
carried upon the moveable paris of such cranes, or made to form the centre
column or main support thereof, in order that the engines may be supplied with
steam without passing it through the pivots or vertical axis, as has heretofore
been the practice; and that such boilers be occasionally supplied with water
drawn through the vertical axis of the cranes by means of pumps erected
above the level of the highest pivot that the water has to pass through before
it reaches the pumps.
Figures 1, 2, and 3 represents the principle of this improvement. A, the
boiler; B, the pump; a, a, a suction pipe, leading froin the resource through
the vertical axis; b, another suction pipe, leading from the tank C; c, a
delivery pipe from the pump into the tank; d, a delivery pipe to supply the
boiler with water either from the resource or from the tank C. The novelties
of this improvement being, firstly, that of carrying the steam boiler upon that
part of the crane which turns round its vertical axis, or of making it from
the centre pillar or support for the same parts; secondly, for the arrangement
of the pumps as described; thirdly, the combination of the first and second
novelty; and, fourthly, for the general arrangementshown in Figures 1,2, and 3.
The second improvement applies to the construction of the boilers of steam
cranes and other hoisting machines, and provides that their fire boxes,
tubes, or other parts of the heating surfaces be corrugated, fluted, or reeded.
One modification is shewn by Figure 1, where the outside plate of the boiler
is broken away.
The third improvement applies to the mode of transmitting the power of
steam from the place where it is produced to the work it is required to
perform in the operation of hoisting, and provides that, in connection with
cranes, pumps, or other hoisting machines (to which the power of steam
produced at any considerable distance is required to be transmitted), turbine
water wheels be erected, and supplied with water forced through pipes by
the said power of steam, or from reservoirs or accumulates into which the
water has been so forced, and that the power of such turbines be applied to
the purpose of hoisting with cranes, pumps, or other hoisting machines.
This mode of transmitting the power of steam is claimed as original if
applied to other thau hoisting purposes. It is also claimed as a novelty to
substitute hydraulic engines in place of the turbines, arranged in any suitable
manner, so as to produce rotary motion through cranks, &c. The novelty
claimed by this improvement is that of combining the action of steam engines,

page_text: pumps, and water turbines to produce and transmit the power of steam, as
before described; also the combination of the steam and hydraulic engine
described.
The fourth improvement applies to the construction of steam engines
connected with cranes and other hoisting machines, the work of which is
intermittent,and provides that the engines be made to work horizontally in the
ordinary manner, that their exhaust passages be connected with the inside of
the cylinder on their under side, in order that the water produced by the
condensation of steam may the more readily enter such exhaust passages,
drain, or be forced quickly away, and not remain until it is forced by the
piston;
that the slides be by preference made with two faces at or nearly
at right angles with each other, one face of each containing the ports leading
to the cylinders, and the other the exit ports.
Figures 4 and 5 are two sections of the cylinder cut through the steam
passage, and represents two modifications of this improvement. The same
Figures shew an annular space formed round each cylinder, which space is
intended to be connected with or form part of the exit steam passage. The
said annular space is also adapted to receive a small jet of steam, in order to
keep up the ports of the cylinder while the engines are not working. The
object of this improvement is intended as far as possible to prevent the
accumulation of water within the cylinders, and to afford better facility for
its escape, the principal features being that of the exhaust passages connecting
with the under side of the cylinders, and that of the slides being made with
two faces, in the manners described.
The fifth improvement applics to the variety of degrees of power required
in steam-hoisting machines, and provides that the engines be arranged to
work singly or two or more together; that each engine have a separate crank
shaft capable of being connected with the hoisting gear by means of clutches
or their equivalent; and that the wheel gear be arranged to admit of different
degrees of purchase, and made to change from one to another by means of
clutches, shifting pinions, or their equivalents, one modification of which is
shewn Figures 1, 2, and 3, wherein the two crank shafts are placed in one
axis line and the wheel gear in two varieties of double purchase. Figures
.7. 8, and 9 shews another modification, wherein the crank shafts are placed
alongside of each other, and connected by means of pairs of spur gear wheels.
The wheel geer Figure 7 is shown single purchase, and that of Figures 8 and
9 two varieties of double purchase. Each purchase is arranged to shift in and
out of gear. The number of purchase may be increased by other proportional

page_text: wheels and pinions being put on the same shaft in addition to those shown.
To prevent confusion in the Drawing the same motion wheels are denoted
by dotted lines, in place of the whole wheel being shown. At D, Figure 1,
a hand-winch shaft is shown, which is adapted to work the hoist or steer
the crane by hand.
The sixth improvement applies to the construction and fixing of the class
of cranes (that turn about on a vertical axis, and are known as wharf cranes
or portable cranes; also for protecting the vertical axle bearings from wear
and the weather; and also to supply means of getting at such bearings for
the purpose of cleansing or repairing the same; and provides that the centre
pillars or vertical axle be made hollow, with their bottom ends spread
outwards (somewhat in the form of a frustrum of a cone or the mouth of a
bell) to an extent sufficient to form bases capable of being fastened to ordi-
nary brick or timber foundations, ship decks, or or warehouse flooring with
holding-down bolts and nuts; that in the top of each such pillar there be
fitted a bored metal cup (by preference of a parabolical form on the inside);
that a turned pivot or gudgeon be fitted into the top of the main stock, and
made adjustable by means of screws, and arranged to fit into the said cup so
as to carry the whole moveable parts of each crane to which it is applied,
and be easily taken out for the purpose of cleaning, &c; that the bottom
vertical axle bearing upon the same pillar be fitted with a train of friction
rollers, so as to produce entire rolling contact at the junction, and that the
same rollers, together with the foot wheel and pinion for steering the crane
round (if any), be contained within and covered by the main stock, or some
part connected thereto, in order to protect them from the weather; that a
lifting screw be made and occasionally applied in the place of the top pivot,
for the purpose of raising the main stock clear of the said friction rollers;
and that guides be formed upon the axle or main stock to keep the crane
upright whilst so lifted.
Figures 1,2, and 18 represent a modification of this improvement (wherein
a water pipe is shewn to pass through the top bearing, which pipe should be
omitted to fully show this improvement). Figure 3 represents the lifting
screw and nut in the position for lifting; also the form of cup. The
novelty of this improvement is claimed to be, firstly, the loose cup in. the
top of the centre pillar, and the moveable pivot fitted thereto, made
adjustable and capable of being readily taken out; secondly, the means
described of lifting the crane by means of the screw to get at the vertical
axle bearing; and, thirdly, the form and arrangement of the bottom end of

page_text: the centre pillar; and, fourthly, the general arrangement of the same pillar
and the axle bearing therefrom.
The seventh improvement applies to a novelty in their arrangement aud
application of steam cranes of the adjustable and compensating derrick and
shear derrick class; also in the construction of some of their parts; and
provides that derrick cranes and shear derricks fitted with compensating gear-
work capable of causing suspended bodies to traverse horizontally or nearly
so whilst the jibs or shears are risen or lowered,) together with steam boilers
and engines be erected upon suitable crafts, and arranged in such a manner
that they cach may be floated and placed between any two floating vessels,
and made to transmit loading from one of them to the other, or be be placed
between one vessel and the land, and caused to transmit lading to or from
such vessels. One modification of which I call a floating steam derrick
crane, which I have represented by two Drawings, Figures 6 and 7.
Figure 6, a plan of the deck of the craft, and elevation of the derrick craue,
steam boiler, and engine, also of the hoisting gearwork, some of the parts
of which are broken away in order that the details of arrangement may be
the better understood.
Another modification which I call a floating steam shear derrick, which I
have represented by two Drawings, Figures 8 and 9, each of which shews a
section of the craft, and elevation of the shear's derrick, hoisting gearwork,
steam boilers, and engines, some parts of which are broken away for the
purpose before stated. Figure 10 represents a sectional outline of one
vessel; and and Figure 11 the end elevation of another, which the floating
shear derrick is supposed to be applied for the purpose of transmitting the
lading from one to the other; the said six Drawings, Figures 6, 7, 8, 9,
10, and 11, shew the general arrangement and mode of application.
A novel mode of raising and lowering the shear derrick, and a means of
turning it from one side over its vertical position to the other side, which are
as follows:-e, e, e, segments of toothed wheels attached to the feet of the
shears; ff, endless screw pinions, arranged to work into the same, the
combined action of which is arranged to raise or lower the shears, also to turn
over their vertical position; 9, g, chairs; hand i, a double compensating
barrel, one part of which is of a fusee or volute form; these chairs and barrels
are arranged somewhat like unto the compensating jib joist of derrick cranes,
and are combined with a system of double pullies,as shewn for the purpose of
causing bodies suspended to move in an horizontal direction (or nearly so)
whilst the shears are raised or lowered; otherwise to raise or lower the shears

page_text: motion may be given to the double compensating barrel, in which case the
segments and endless screws may be dispensed with. The balance weight jis
intended to form an equipoise to the top of the shears, and is applicable in
either case. A compensating shears hoisting gear, similar to the herein-before
described, or similar to that before used by other persons for raising and
lowering derrick crane jibs, is believed to be a novelty so far as they apply
to raising and lowering shears of every description.
The eighth improvement applies to a novel arrangement in the jib hoisting
gearwork of derrick cranes and shear derrick generally; and provides that
the jib hoisting winch be constructed upon a compensatingprinciple,andmade
to act entirely independent af the main hoist winch. To accomplish which
the main hoist chain is arranged to haug in a loop from the jib head of each
crane or shears to which it is applied,and to carry a pulley block with a hook
attached, to tako hold of bodies required to be lifted(as is at present in use by
others.) Instead of one end of the said chain being fastened in the customary
manner to the jib head, it is continued and led over a suitable pulley or pullies
and fastened in a barrel connected with the jib hoisting winch, the barrel of
which is arranged to act with the jib hoist barrel in such a manner that whilst
one of the barrels takes in chain the other one pays it out. The foregoing
action combined with a suitable fusee or volute formed barrel will provide
bodies suspended by the main hoist from raising or lowering with the jib or
slicars h, Figures 7, 8, 9, and 12,the jib hoist barrel i, Figure 9, the barrel
connected therewith, to let out the said end of the main hoist chain, whilst the
jib is raised, and vice versa. The novelty of this improvement being that the
jibs of derrick cranes or shears can by it be raised or lowered, without raising
or lowering the bodies suspended, this being accomplished by one action and
one winch, quite independent of the main hoisting winch.
A modification of the principle applied to hand working derrick cranes is
shewn by Figure 12; y, the main hoist barrel;, the jib hoist barrel, having
the continued end of the main hoist chain attached to coil one way, whilst
the jib hoist chain coils the contrary.
The ninth improvement applies to holding the jibs of derrick cranes in any
required position, and provides that an arrangement and combination of a
brake and ratchet be applied in the following manner :-To the jib hoisting
barrel is connected a brake wheel and a loaded brake, in a manner that the
barrel is prevented from turning in the direction of letting down the jib
without relieving the brake of the load, whilst a ratchet and point escapement
admits of jib turning in the direction of raising k, Figures 7 and 12,the brake

page_text: loose upon the shaft, the ratchet escapement tight upon the same. This
arrangement of brake and ratchet is also claimed as a novelty if applied to
steam cranes, as shown A, 1, Figure 1, as before stated.
The tenth improvement applies to such derrick cranes that have a single
main and jib hoisting chains,and do not come under the arrangement of the
eighth improvement, but require their jibs and main hoist barrels to act
together (as at present in use) in the operations of raising or lowering their
jibs, and makes the following provision to prevent their jibs from being
accidentally let down-Some part of the shifting connection between the two
barrels is arranged to require the same space when the two barrols are uncon-
nected as the pawl or other holding appliance belonging to the jib hoisting
gear requires when disengaged from its hold, thereby rendering it impossible
to either disconnect the two barrels without first engaging the jib holding
pawl, or other holding appliance, or to disengage tho said pawl until the
barrels are connected.
The eleventh improvement applies to a novel arrangement in part of the
hoisting gearwork of cranes, and applying weighing apparatus to the same for
the purpose of ascertaining the weight of bodies lifted thereby, for which
purpose it provides that the first pulley over which the hoisting chain has to
pass be fitted to and carried by a loose carriage, that such carriage be stayed
from yielding in the direction of the power by two pairs of stays, one out of
each pair acting in the capacity of a prop and the other of a tie, each pair
taking hold of the ends of a bar transverse to the stays, at the middle of each
of which one end of the spindle upon which the said pulley is carried. By
the foregoing arrangement the power is counteracted, and the weight of
suspended bodies easily taken by any suitable weighing appliance.
This improvement is further described by Figure 14; m, the pulley; n,
one of the props; o, one of the stays; p, the bar, transverse to the stays, and
part of the said loose carriage. The other stays and part of the carriage are
behind the parts described; g, a centre line, drawn dotted to show where the
weighing appliance should be attached. Also the improvement applies to a
novel mode in taking the weight of bodies suspended by cranes and other
hoisting machines, and provides that such cranes or other machines be made
to perform hoisting with a looped chain, carrying a pulley as in ordinary
practice. Instead of one end of the chain being fastened to the pile head of
the crane, or to some rigid part of any other hoisting machine, according to
this Invention it is attached to some suitable weighing appliance, whereby
the weight of bodies suspended can be ascertained.

page_text: The twelfth improvement applies means ofcompensating for the difference
in the weight of chain hanging down below the weighing appliance connected
with cranes, &c., and provides for that purpose a connection be made between
the chain barrel and weighing appliance, whereby such weighing appliance
will be varied in balance equal to the difference of chain hanging down, a
compensating apparatus acting between the chain barrel and weighing appa
ratus is believed not to have been used by others. and is claimed as a novelty.
The thirteenth improvement supplies a novel mode of ascertaining the strain
upon any chain, rope, cord, or band applied to hoisting, suspending, or
lowering purposes, also the strain upon any part thereof by its own weight
when hanging down or otherwise stretched out. Likewise a novel mode of
governing and regulating brakes and all other holding and retarding appliances
connected with suspending, lowering, and paying out machines, in order to
insure one uniform strain (or nearly so) upon any chain, rope, cord or band
payed out therewith, however the speed of paying out may be varied, both of
which novelties are particularly adapted to the purpose of submerging the
cables of submarine electric telegraphs. The following is a description of
the principle of each of the novelties, also a mode of operating, which
principle is shown in Figure 13-
Firstly, to ascertain the strain. F, the cable to be operated upon; G, H,
two pulleys supporting the cable leading away from the brake; J, a poise or
force, applied to cause the cable F to diverge from a right line. By the
weight applied and the distance the cable is is caused to diverge from the
right line the strain may be ascertained.
Secondly,to govern the strain. The same principle applies, added to which
is a brake K, the lever of which is loaded and held firm to the brake by the
puise J (or the mechanical equivalent), in order that when the strain of the
cable F lifts the poise J, the brake K may be relieved of the load J (or its
equivalent), and allowed to let go the cable more freely. As soon as the strain
of the cable F fails to support the poise J, it then falls again upon the brake K,
and prevents more cable running out until the strain is again reinstated. The
principle of lifting a weight a given distance, or otherwise counteracting lateral
force, by the disposition of any chain, rope, cord, or band to assume a right
line, when tensile strain is applied, is claimed as a novelty, as is also the
governing any brake or other retarding appliance to causing chains, &c., held
by such brakes, &c., to relieve the brake at a given strain,as before described.
The principle applied to submerging cable is also claimed as a novelty appli-
cable to laying submarine electric telegraphs.

page_text: The fourteenth improvement applies to novel arrangement in the construc-
tion of levers used to raise, connect, disconnect, and let down certain parts of
large weighing machines, an operation known by either the term striking or
relieving, and provides for that purpose as follows, a modification of which
provision is shewn by the Drawing, Figures 15, 16, and 17, wherein L repre-
sents the power end of the lever by which the operation is performed, which
end is formed somewhat like unto u segment of a tooth geared wheel having
the tooth gear continued round one end thereof; M,the lifting end of the same
lever, which end is provided with a friction wheel Z to prevent wear at that
junction; N, a pinion fitted upon a shaft and made to gear with the segment,
such shaft being arranged to turn in fixed bearings by the handle O; P and Q,
the parts required to be connected and unconnected; R, a balance weight,
suspended from a small barrel S upon the pinion shaft, which weight is
intended to cause the lever M to disengage itself from the suspension piece Q
after P and Q are connected,and to hold the segment L in the position shown.
In some instances only the weight R is made to act as a sort of buffer to
guard against the lifted parts being let violently down, in which case it is
'converted into a piston and made to move up and down in a close cylinder,
having but a very small escape for air during its upward movement, and a
valve to admit a free escape as it moves downwards. The mode of operating
is as follows: Suppose the machine to be what is termed struck and the lever
in the position shewn by dotted lines, by turning the handle in its proper
direction the segment will be brought down and pass under the pinion into
the position shewn by plain lines, during the downward movement of the
segment the part required will be raised; as the segment passes under the
pinion an horizontal movement will take place and cause the parts P and Q
to hook together; if the handle is let go the weight R will perform the action
assigned to it. By reversing the operation the parts will again assume their
original position.
The novelties claimed are, firstly, the geared seginent acted upon by the
pinion and balance weight as described; secondly, the friction wheel at the
junction Z either applied with the geared segment or with an ordinary hand
lever; and, thirdly, the weight R being converted into a buffer as described.
Generally, I do not claim any particular form or kind of weighing appli-
auces, but I claim as novelties the arrangement described to suit the applica-
tion, also the general arrangement and constructive principle which makes use
of and adapts my several improvements, especially where such arrangement
is different to that in use (wherein I have stated chain I mean it to include

page_text: every mechanical equivalent). Connècted herewith are two Sheets of Draw-
ings to which the notes and letters herein-before written refer, which two
Sheets of Drawings are intended to form a part of this Specification.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Stanley, have hereuuto set my hand
and seal, this Fourth day of November in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-seven.
Witness,
WM FORD STANLEY.
JOHN STANLEY. (L.S.)