A Novel or Improved Structural Arrangement for Combining Strength with Rigidity in a Manner applicable to Flooring, Walling, and to other Structural Purposes.
Year: 1894

page_text: Date of Application, 1st June, 1894
Complete Specification Left, 1st Mar., 1895--Accepted, 1st June 1895
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
A Novel or Improved Structural Arrangement for Combining
Strength with Rigidity in a Manner applicable to Flooring,
Walling, and to other Structural Purposes.
I, EDWARD LLOYD PEASE, of the Firm of Ashmore, Benson, Pease and
Company, Limited, of Stockton-on-Tees, in the County of Durham, Engineer, do
hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
This invention relates to a structural arrangement for combining strength with
rigidity in the manner required for flooring, walling and other structural purposes,
including caisson and deep water piers.
In carrying this, invention into effect I employ tubular vessels of some material
capable of standing a high tensile strain such as iron or steel rolled from the flat
into the cylindrical form but with the edges apart in the form of a longitudinal slot
running the full length of the tube so that a second tube with the like longitudinal
slot can be partially inserted into the first tube and in its turn similarly receive
the like part of a third tube, and so on until a series of such tubes are engaged
or clasped together in a manner which is found to interlock the intermediate tubes.
I then charge these tubes to their full capacity with some hard setting material such
as cement and in this way I constitute a structural arrangement which combines the
capacity to resist tensile strains due to the tensile qualities of the interlocked
tubes with a rigidity due to the hard setting material to which these tubes serve as
so many envelopes, the combination bringing out to great advantage both the tensile
properties of the tubes and the rigidity or resistance to compression of the enveloped
material.
.
The tubes may be varied in diameter according to the nature and purpose of, the
structural arrangement, in view, being preferably of equal diameter for a floor of
uniform thickness in which they would be placed in the horizontal position, or in a
wall of uniform thickness in which they would be placed in, the vertical position,
but for the purpose of constructing a caisson or deep water pier; the outer tubes
are interlocked by inner tubes of a smaller diameter leaving an inner space
which would be filled up in the case of a pier and be left open in the case of a
caisson. The cement or hardsetting materials in the several tubular vessels may
be connected together by providing suitable perforations in the sides or shells of
the tubular vessels.
Dated this 31st day of May 1894.
G. J. CLARKSON,
'Chartered Patent Agent,
Stockton-on-Tees, Agent for the Applicant.

page_text: A Novel or Improved Structural Arrangement for Combining™
Strength with Rigidity in a Manner Applicable to Flooring,
Walling, and to other Structural Purposes.
1, EDWARD LLOYD PEASE, Engineer, of the Firm of Ashmore, Benson, Pease
and Company, Limited, Stockton-on-Tees, in the County of Durham, Gasholder
Manufacturers, and residing at Hurworth-on-Tees, in the said County of Durham,
do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement :--
This invention relates to a structural arrangement for combining strength with
rigidity in the manner required for flooring, walling, electric mains and other
structural purposes, including caisson and deep water piers.
In carrying this invention into effect I apply what may be termed the cellular
principle in the form of interlocked tubular vessels of some material capable of
standing a high tensile strain such as iron or steel rolled from the flat into the
cylindrical form but with the edges apart in the form of a slot running lengthwise
of the tube so that a second tube with a like longitudinal slot can be partially
inserted edgewise into the first tube and in its turn similarly receive the like part
of a third tube and so on until a series of such tubes are engaged or clasped together
in a manner which interlocks all the intermediate tubes.
In this way the said tubes constitute a structural arrangement which has more
or less strength and rigidity imparted to it according to the particular purpose or
use for which the said structural arrangement is intended and ranging from the use
of some hard setting material like cement charged into the tubes to their full
capacity to the use of the tubes by themselves or with internal stiffeners only.
I have illustrated in the drawings forming part of this Specification the
essential features of my invention together with some of the uses to which it
is applicable.
In Figure 1 the structural arrangement consists of a series of empty tubes which
are shown transversely and interlocked in the manner embodying my invention
corresponding to which Figure 2 is an elevation of a single tube taken longi-
tudinally and showing the slot for receiving a second tube.
Figures 3 and 4 are similar views to Figure 1 but showing the tubes fully charged
with some hard setting material such as cement, the slots being shown wider in
Figure 4 to afford a greater sectional area of cement at the part which unites the
cement within the tube to the body of cement without. And where the structural
arrangement as shown in Figure 4-is intended for a floor, tiles of suitable form
may be combined therewith to provide a surface for the floor, the tiles being
embedded in the cement in the manner shown.
In Figure 5 the tubes are furnished with internal stiffeners only in the form of
planks of timber or their equivalents.
Figures 6 and 7 illustrate a covered in structure, the walls and roof of which
embody the structural arrangement which constitutes my invention.
Figures 8 and 9 illustrate a combination of tubes of different diameters inter-
locked in the form of a circular structure, such as a deep water pier or column, and
Figure 10 is a vertical elevation corresponding to the transverse sectional views.in
Figures 8 and 9; and Figure 11 illustrates how a column can be made up by
interlocking tubes with other forms which are not cylindrical.
Referring to these several figures in which like letters of reference are used
throughout it will be observed that each tube a is furnished with a longitudinal

page_text: slot b extending its full length, the edges of which are preferably brought as near
together as will just admit of the thickness of a similar tube unless a wider slot is
required as in the case of Figure 4, the several tubes constituting a particular
structural arrangement being inserted edgewise into and interlocked with each
other in the manner shown.
Where the absence of weight and the facility for passing currents of air through
the tubes or for loosely charging them with a non-conducting material is the main
object in view and the power to resist high tensile or compressive strains is
comparatively immaterial the tubes are simply interlocked together without
internal stiffeners as shown in Figure 1 and in this form are serviceable for use as
forming the walls and roof of a shed or building. Referring to Figures 6 and 7,
the tubes a are fixed between and communicate end wise with the horizontal flues
or air passages c with the object of inducing a constant and natural current of air
through the tubes for keeping the interior of the shed or room cool in hot climates.
Similarly the tubes in the roof are left open from end to end with the same object
and are preferably slung together by wire ties to prevent individual tubes from
slipping out of position. On the other hand the same shed or house is adapted to
a cold climate by loosely charging the tubes with some non-conducting material.
But when the structural arrangement is required to combine high powers of
resistance to strains of every kind whether tensile or compressive, I charge the
tubes to their full capacity as shown in Figures 3 and 4. with some hard setting
material such as cement and in this way 1 constitute a structural arrangement
which combines the capacity to resist tensile strains due to the tensile qualities of
the interlocked tubes with a rigidity due to the hard setting material to which these
tubes serve as so many envelopes, and strengthen this combination in some cases
by enabling the material in adjacent tubes to become united at various points of
contact by oozing through perforations and apertures provided in corresponding
parts of the several tubes.
It will readily be seen that the above combination brings out to great advantage
both the tensile properties of the tubes and the rigidity or resistance to compression
of the enveloped material. Where a lower capacity for resisting strains is sufficient
I substitute for the solid charge of hard setting material as shown in Figure 3 the
stiffener d as shown in Figure 5 consisting of planks of wood or the like extending
across the full width of the tube.
The tubes are varied in diameter or cross section relatively to each other
according to the nature and purpose of the structural arrangement in view being
preferably of equal diameter or cross section for a floor of uniform thickness in which
they would be placed in the horizontal position, or in a wall of uniform thickness in
which they would be placed in the vertical position, but for the purpose of
constructing a column, caisson or deep water pier the outer tubes are interlocked by
inner tubes of a smaller diameter in the manner shown in Figures 8 and 9 in
which a circular structural arrangement is shown as representing such structural
arrangements generally.
can be
The tie bolts e in Figure 7 are intended to show how the tubes a
constructed as an ordinary wall, that is to say when the upper ends do not enter a
cross beam or what in this case is a horizontal flue or passage and a wall so constructed
should carry itself for a long distance without other support above its foundation
or ground line. The combination is also applicable for other purposes such as a
form of girder in structural work.
But tubes for arching purposes are forined by cutting a series of indentations on
the side or part which forms the inner curve when the tube is pressed into shape.
The tubes may be tapered or conical in form by using tapered strips in their
construction and in this form would be more sightly when combined together to
form lamp posts, electric posts, or the like structures in which a certain amount of
taper is required to avoid a top heavy appearance and the combination shown in
Figure 11 is equally adapted to such taper or to the parallel construction when
taking the form of a pier or column.

page_text: Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is:-
Firstly. A structural arrangement, consisting of a series of tubular vessels each
having a longitudinal slot running lengthwise of the tube, into which a second
tube with a like longitudinal slot is inserted edgewise and in its turn similarly
receives a third tube and so on, the whole series of tubes being mutually interlocked,
substantially as and for the purposes described.
Secondly. A structural arrangement consisting of a series of longitudinally
slotted and mutually interlocked tubes in combination with a hard setting material
charged thereinto, substantially as and for the purpose as hereinbefore described.
Thirdly. A structural arrangement consisting of a series of longitudinally slotted
and interlocked tubes in combination with internal stiffeners extending across the
full width of the tube, substantially as and for the purpose as hereinbefore
described.
201
7
100-
G. J. CLARKSON,
Chartered Patent Agent,
Stockton-on-Tees, Agent for the Applicant.

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