IMPROVEMENTS IN OBTAINING MOTIVE POWER, AND THE MACHINERY OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN, WHICH MACHINERY OR APPARATUS MAY BE USED FOR RAISING LIQUIDS
Year: 1849

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOSEPH
SAMUDA, of Parliament Street, in the City of Westminster, Gentleman,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her present most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Royal Letters Patent under the Great Seal of the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, bearing date at Westminster, the Ninth day of June,
One thousand eight hundred and forty-nine, in the twelfth year of Her reign,
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said
Joseph Samuda, my exors, admors, and assigns, Her especial licence, full
power, sole privilege and authority, that I, the said Joseph Samuda, my exors,
adiňors, and assigns, and such others as I, the said Joseph Samuda, my
exors, admors, or assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from
time to time and at all times during the term of years herein expressed, should
and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within England, Wales, and
the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
OBTAINING MOTIVE POWER, AND THE MACHINERY OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN,
WHICH MACHINERY OR APPARATUS MAY BE USED FOR RAISING LIQUIDS," commu-
nicated to me from one Louis Michel Lombard, a Foreigner residing abroad;
in which said Letters Patent is contained a proviso that I, the said Joseph
Samuda, should cause a particular description of the nature of the said Inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, by an instrument in
writing under my hand and seal, to be inrolled in Her said Majesty's High
Court of Chancery within six calendar months next and immediately after

page_text: the date of the said in part recited Letters Patent, as in and by the same,
reference being thereunto had, will more fully and at large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
Joseph Samuda, do hereby declare that the nature of the said Invention, and
in what manner the same is to be performed, as the same have been commu-
nicated to me by the said Louis Michel Lombard, are fully described and
ascertained in and by the present Specification thereof, reference being had to
the Drawings hereunto annexed, that is to say:-
The said Invention consists in obtaining a motive power from the rising and
falling of water reservoirs or boxes, which fill and empty themselves alter-
nately; and in certain arrangements of machinery or apparatus by which
the water is supplied for that purpose, with as little frictional resistance as
may be.
The most novel and essential feature of these arrangements is a pump of a
peculiar construction, a side elevation of which is given in Figure 1 of the
annexed Drawings. A, A, C, C, is a cylinder having a lateral and horizontal
arm in the upper part at B, and another lateral and horizontal arm at K.
0, 0, is a piston, the limit to the ascent of which is the line Z, Z, and the
limit to its descent is the line Z', Z'. The cylinder may be in one piece, but
it is better divided into three parts, as in the Figure, videlicet, the middle one
Z, Z, Z', Z', and the two ends A, A, Z, Z, and Z', Z', C, C, with their respec-
tive arms B and K, which are firmly united to it. The top of the cylinder
at A, A, is hermetically closed by a covering of metal, leather, or other substance.
On the middle of this is placed a stuffing box I. A hole is made in the
middle of the covering both of the box and of the cylinder, just large enough
to admit the piston rod. Upon the covering of the cylinder a shallow circular
reservoir R, R, is placed, which has a cover through which a screw H, H, runs,
penetrating also through a hole in the covering of the cylinder, which it closes
very accurately. To the arm K in the lower part of the cylinder is jointed a
bent tube V, surmounted by a chamber N, in which is the spout G. On the
top, of the bent tube V is a valve h, h', opening upwards. This valve may
have its hinge at the circumference h, or near the middle; and in either case
the point h¹ of its circumference nearest the spout should be rather lower when
the valve is down than the opposite one h. The extremity of the spout G is
placed above the level of this latter point h. The undermost part C, C, of the
cylinder is closed in a water-tight manner by a stuffing box, in the centre of
which there is a circular hole just sufficient to allow the passage of the tube
E, E. To the base of the cylinder is jointed another tube L, L. Its upper-
most part has a lateral horizontal arm B', exactly corresponding to the

page_text: upper arm B, and these two arms are united by a tube P, P, which is joined
to them at each end, which last tube P, P, has a small perpendicular arm J,
rising rather higher than the top of the cylinder A, A, and surmounted by a
cover screwed on it, and capable of hermetically closing it. To the tube L, L,
may be joined one or more tubes T, the bottom part X of which is immersed
in the water to be pumped up and closed at the lower extremity by a valve Q
opening upwards. The piston 0, 0, is composed of one or more plates of
metal closely packed, to prevent the passage of air or water between the piston
and the cylinder. In or near the middle is a small hole to allow the egress of
air when required. To the undermost part of the piston is jointed a small
cylinder S, which is pierced all round with holes, whose united superficial
contents must not be less than that of the horizontal section of the tube E, E.
The cylinder S has a bottom closely adapted to it, but having a large circular
opening in the centre, just sufficient to admit the tube E, E, which is jointed
to it. The upper part of the tube E, E, is closed by a valve U, which opens
upwards into the cylinder S, and may have a hole to admit of the passing of
the air. The tube E, E, is a little longer than the middle part of the cylinder
Z, Z, Z, Z'. The piston rod D, D, is fixed to the piston, as in Figure 1, or
joined to it by a bridge, in order to leave the middle free, and it may be
worked either as in Figure 2, by a rack and toothed wheel (substituting a
handle for the motive power there shown), or in any other way. Above the
valve h', h, of the bent tube V, is a screw M, by which it may be kept firmly
shut when required. The entire height from the surface of the water to be
pumped from to the top of cylinder A, A, must not exceed thirty-two feet. In
order to work the pump, the valve h, h', is kept down in the way described,
the screw H at the top of the cylinder taken out, in order to leave a passage
for the air, and the cover of the arm J unscrewed. Water is then poured
in through J, which passes down the bent tube P, P, and fills the lower, part
of the tubes from the valve Q, which remains closed, whence gradually
ascending, it forces the air through the valve at the top of the tube E, and
thence through the hole in the piston. As more water is poured in, the
piston is forced upwards till it arrives at the highest level Z, Z, and the fluid
introduced through J passes then by the arm B, and fills the part A, A, Z, Z,
driving out the air through the hole left by the screw at H, and the whole
body of the pump and the tubes connected with it are now filled with water.
The screw M is then raised to allow free play to the valve at the top of the
bent tube V. The screw H is again inserted into the top of the cylinder A, A,
and the box or reservoir R, R, filled with water, and the pump is then in a
fit state for working. As long as the piston descends, the valve at the top

page_text: of the tube E, E, remains shut by the mere effect of the fluid above it, and the
water below the piston, having no other issue but the bent tube V, opens the
valve h, ¹h, at the top of it, and passes out through G. As fast as the piston
descends, the space left above it is filled by the atmospheric pressure forcing
the water to open the valve Q, and to rise up the pipes T and L, and pass
thence through B', P, P, and B. When the piston arrives at its lowest
point Z', Z', the valves h, 'h, and Q, shut from their own gravity, and remain
so as long as the piston continues its upward course. When the piston is
raised, the water is displaced above it, and passes through the arm B, thence
through the bent tube P, P, and finally through B, into the tubes between the
cylinder and the valve Q. The water thus introduced passes up the tube E,
forces open the valve U, and at length passes through the holes in the circum-
ference of the cylindrical box S, into the space below the piston. Thus at
each ascent of the piston the water is not thrown out, but merely displaced,
and this with as little resistance as may be, since the downward pressure of
the column above it is neutralized by the upward pressure of the column below
it. On the other hand, while the piston descends, whatever pressure the
external air at the opening of the valve h, 'h, may exercise on the water below
the piston, it will act as much downwards upon the valve in the cylindrical
box S, as upwards upon the piston itself with which the cylindrical box is
united, so that here also the forces will be neutralized. It is this absence of
resistance through the neutralization of the forces, which forms the ground-
work of the Invention. The spout, instead of being placed below the level of
the piston, may be placed at any height above it, without materially increasing
the effort required to work the pump. A combined action of two pumps may
be effected in many ways; one among others would be by placing a trough
between the two spouts to receive the water as it issues from them, and by
working them together by a rack or toothed wheel, or in any other manner.
Another mode would be by joining the tubes L, L, of two pumps, by a third
bent one, to which there should be joined a pipe of communication with the
water to be raised, common to both pumps. Another mode again would be
by preserving the same arrangement as just spoken of, but suppressing the
arm B at the lower part of the cylinders, as well as the bent tubes P, P, and
uniting both cylinders by means of a horizontal pipe. The tube, by means
of which the body of the pump, with its adjuncts, is filled with water in order
to put it in a working condition, should be then joined to the bent tube of
communication, and should open as well into the horizontal tube, above. The
communication between the two cylinders may take place from B to B, as in
the instance just cited, but without any second communication, the pipe J

page_text: being still joined to the lower part of the cylinder or pipes below it, and com-
municating as well with the horizontal pipe which unites the two cylinders at
the upper arms. The motive power is produced in the following manner:
Two pumps, constructed each in the peculiar manner represented in Figure 1,
and before described, or with any of the modifications of which the same is
practically susceptible, are placed in juxtaposition, as shewn in Figure 2, as
though they were to be worked by hand or other extraneous force; an oscil-
lating beam W, W, is supported on a centre y, and carries segments of
toothed wheels Y, Y, which work into the toothed parts of the piston rod F, F.
At the extremities of the beam W, W, are segments of larger circles (radii y)
W; to each of these a chain, band, or rope is suspended, having an open box
a, a, fixed to the lower end of it. Underneath the spouts G, G, are placed
stationary reservoirs or open boxes b, b, furnished at the part farthest from the
spout with valves c¹, c. The reservoirs or boxes a', a, have wheels or rollers
fixed to them at each side, running in grooves 'd, 'd, 'd, d. At the bottom of
the sides nearest the pump is a valve e, f, e, f, opening outwards, having the
hinge at e' and e. The machine, being thus disposed, is set in movement by
pulling one of the cords or chains suspended at the extreme point of the beam
W, W, and thus raising one of the pistons and depressing the other, by the
action of the toothed segments above described. If the right-hand cord be
pulled, the right-hand piston will be depressed, and forcing out the water at
G will fill the stationary reservoir b. If then the left-hand cord is pulled, the
left-hand piston will be depressed, and the second reservoir filled. But when
the last-mentioned moveable reservoir à reaches the lowest point, the opposite
one a arrives at the highest, the valve c being opened by the tappet g striking
against the end of the lever ¹i, revolving about a fulcrum j, with an iron rod
attached to the valve, or by any other contrivance, the water escapes and
continues to flow till it has filled the reservoir a. As soon as that happens, it
descends till it arrives at the lowest point, when the valve e, f, opens and lets
out the water. Meanwhile the opposite reservoir à has attained its highest
point, and the valve i being opened in a similar way, the water gushes out and
fills the reservoir, after which it descends by its own gravity, and the empty
one a rises; à is then emptied when it reaches the lowest point, and is filled
in the way just described, and by these means a continuous movement up and
down is maintained by the alternate filling and emptying the two reservoirs;
the whole force arising from the weight of the water in the reservoirs acting
thus at the end of the lever y, W may be applied (bating, of course, the
friction) as a motive power to any other machine, and if their contents be
more than that of the cylinder Z, Z, Z, Z, which the piston traverses, there

page_text: As
will be a surplus of water besides. The rollers of the moveable reservoir on
the side nearest the pump are either separated or united together at each
side of the upper part. The valve of the moveable reservoirs is kept closed by
means of two rollers. running along the raised edge or side of the grooves in
which the rollers of the reservoirs run, or on the side of other grooves on the
same plane, and at the extreme point to which the reservoirs descends; an
opening is made by means of which they may be thrust out by the weight of
the water pressing against the valve, and allow this last to open. The reser-
voir with its rollers is represented in Figure 3, in which the upper rollers
appear united as in the modification above described. The way in which the
opening of the valve takes place is shewn in Figures 4 and 5. At a short
distance above A, the lowest point reached by the reservoir in descending, as
at C in the Drawing, the side of the groove terminates, and the wood is cut
away in a sloping direction C, J. From a certain. distance; B down to A, an
iron bar is placed on the same plane as the edge C, M, and of the same width;
this bar is united to the upright H, I, in such sort as not to impede the
passage of these last rollers, or of those attached to the reservoirs.
The space
between B and C is filled up by a bit of wood or metal D fixed to a bar
centred on the point S, and out of the reach of the path of the reservoir.
long as the reservoir descends, the part D remains in its place and the roller
runs over it, and thence over the bar B, A, as though the side of the "groove
had been entire down to A, as in Figure 4. When it arrives at this
point, having nothing to keep it on the same level, it is thrown out by the
pressure of the water to the level of H, J, and the valve opened. On the
ascent of the reservoir, the valve rollers run up under the bar B, A, on the
plane H, J, till they arrive at J, whence they run up the incline J, C, dis-
placing the part D which turns upon S, as shewn in Figure 5, and when they
arrive at C, D returns to its place, and the rollers, running up C, M, prevent
the valves from opening. In order to prevent the reservoir from ascending until
it is entirely emptied, a lever l, k, m, as in Figure 2, is placed a little below the
bottom of its course, with a funnel over the end of the longer arm k, and a
weight at the short end f just sufficient to counterpoise the funnel. A bar n, o,
is united to the lever, and to another o, p, q, above the reservoir.
able about each of the points n and o; and, lastly, the bar o, p, q, turns about
P, which is fixed. The water escaping from the reservoir falls upon the funnel,
and, weighing thus upon the end of the lever m before it issues from the
funnel, forces it down, raising at the same time the bars n, o, and o, p, q, so
that the end of this last, pressing upon the roller of the reservoir, prevents it
from ascending until the water ceases to fall upon the end m of the lever k, l, m.
It is move-

page_text: The same contrivance may be adopted for the reservoir which is being filled,
and it will be obvious that the centre of the bar may be placed on the other
side of the fulcrum k, in which case the fulcrum of o, p, q, must be at o instead
of p.
Having now described the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, I wish it to be understood that I do not
claim generally the obtaining of motive power by means of boxes or reservoirs
alternately filled and emptied. But I claim,-
Firstly, the employment, for the purpose of obtaining motive power, of the
pump of the peculiar description represented in Figure 1, and in manner
before described.
Secondly, I claim the employment, for the purpose of obtaining motive power,
of the several auxilliary contrivances represented in Figures 2, 3, 4, and 5, and
before described.
Thirdly, I claim the pump aforesaid in the peculiar arrangement and con-
struction of the parts of which the same consists, to whatever uses the same
may be applied, and more particularly its use as a means of raising liquids.
And, fourthly, I claim the application of the peculiar form of piston used in
the said pump to other pumps and engines, and also the application of the
balance levers and valve gearing represented in Figures 2, 4, and 5, to other
machinery and apparatus.
In witness whereof, I, the said Joseph Samuda, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Eighth day of December, One thousand eight