IMPROVEMENTS IN REGULATING MOTION AND CONTROLING FRICTION IN THE JOINTS AND OTHER PARTS OF FURNITURE, MACHINERY, AND CARRIAGES
Year: 1847

page_text: CHINNOCK'S SPECIFICATION.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, CHARLES
CHINNOCK, of Seymour Place, Little Chelsea, in the County of Middlesex,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her present most Excellent Majesty Queen Victória, by Her
Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date at West-
minster, the Twenty-second day of May, One thousand eight hundred and
forty-seven, in the tenth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and
successors, give and grant unto the said Charles Chinnock Her especial licence,
full power, sole privilege and authority, that I, the said Charles Chinnock,
my adiiors and assigns, or such others as I, the said Charles Chinnock,
my exors, adññiors, and assigns, should agree with, and no other, from time to
time and at all times during the term of years therein expressed, should and
lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within England, Wales, and the
Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, and in all Her said Majesty's Colonies and
Plantations abroad, and in the Islands of Jersey, Guernsey, Alderney, Sark,
and Man, my Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN REGULATING MOTION AND
CONTROLING FRICTION IN THE JOINTS AND OTHER PARTS OF FURNITURE, MACHINERY,
AND CARRIAGES;" in which said Letters Patent is contained a proviso that
I, the said Charles Chinnock, shall cause a particular description of the nature
of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to. be performed, to be
inrolled in Her said Majesty's High Court of Chancery within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said in part recited Letters
Patent, as in and by the same, reference being thereunto had, will more fully
and at last

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
Charles Chinnock, do hereby declare that the nature of my said Invention,
and the manner in which the same is to be performed, is fully set forth and
ascertained in the following statements and descriptions thereof, and of the
Drawings hereunto annexed, and the letters and figures marked thereon. And
in order to give the best information in my power I have divided the several
improved articles to which I apply my Invention, and have drawn the plans
and Specification of the same; under four heads or claims :-
The first of which relates to a new construction of a couch, in which the end
and back are adjusted to the comfort of the person sitting, by means of the
weight of the body acting on two spiral or worm springs, working on two rods
in the outer framework of the couch, and two knuckle joints formed in the
back rail and upper end of the framework, controled by a rod, cross piece, and
screw nut, also placed in the outer framework of the couch, and by two rollers
attached to the movable end of the couch working against the upper end of
the inner frame; the frame upon which the cushion or seat rests is placed on
the inner frame, and may be dowled or hinged to the outer one, by means of
which combination the end moves with a sustained and easy motion, con-
forming to the position of the person using it, without the aid of any stop or
catch, and without either trouble or exertion. The advantages of a couch
manufactured according to my improved method do not require further
pointing out than to add, that it will not be found to increase the expence
of the articles, nor to make it more bulkey or less elegant than such articles
as at present manufactured, and will form equally with them an elegant
and graceful ornament to the drawing room, and will be found invaluable
in the sick chamber, there being no necessity for adjusting cushions or
disturbing the quiet of the invalid. It admits of any variety of form, and
possesses, moreover, the great advantage that the mechanism is not easily
disarranged. I sometimes add a movable arm to the couch, which moves
with the end, and can be made very ornamental.
I will now proceed to decribe the Drawings in Plan 1, by which I havo
illustrated the construction of such like articles, which, taken with the Drawings
and the letters and figures marked thereon, will be be fully understood by a
practical workman, and sufficiently shew the manner of manufacturing the same.
Plan I., Figure 1, is the bottom framework of the couch, and shows the two
rods with the spiral or worm springs placed thereon, and also the middle rod
and cross piece, with the screw nut for tightening the same, and the escutchion
covering the pin at the kuucke joint, by which the end and frame are united,
and also shows the opposite knuckle joint on the inside marked with dotted

page_text: lines.
A, A, is the outer framework, with the legs attached. B is the
escutchion covering the pin which fastens one of the knuckle joints, by which
the outer frame is united to the framework of the end of the couch. C shows
the other joint on the inside (marked by dotted lines) with the pin hole pierced
therein. D, D, are two rods passing from one end of the frame to the other,
and the spiral or worm springs E, E, are shewn thereon. F is a rod, tapt at
the middle, also running from end to end of the frame, between the rods D, D;
on this rod is placed the movable cross piece G and the screw nut H, by which
the spiral springs E, E, on the two rods D, D, are compressed; the nut, being
also tapt, can be turned on the rod F, so as to make the cross piece a fixture at
any part desired. The spiral or worm springs must be of sufficient power for
the
purpose. I find that springs made of the best charcoal iron, of wire No: 7,
and wound round a mandrel of 14 inches in diameter,and 18 inches long,
answer the purpose well; but a practical workman will have no difficulty in
adapting the power of the springs to the purpose required. Figure 2 is the
inner framework of the couch, which is placed in the outer frame as herein-
after described; it has three holes I, I, I, pierced in the upper end; these holes
receive the rods D, D, after the spiral springs have been placed on them, and
the rod F, after the movable cross piece and screw nut has been placed on
that rod, before the upper ends of those rods are fixed in the upper end of the
outer frame as described and shown in Figure 1. Figure 8 shows the frame-
work of the movable end rail of the couch detached, to show more clearly the
form of this part, and also the manner in which it is attached to the frame-
work, as also the rollers, by the action of which the inner frame of the couch,
shown at Figure 2, is forced forward, and the spiral or worm springs compressed,
so as to allow the end to recline to the inclination desired. J, J, are the joints,
which are attached by pins to the joints shown at B and C in Figure 1, so as
to move freely. K, K, are the rollers, which, when the end rail is fastened to
the outer frame of the couch, are forced against the upper end of the inner
frame by the application of weight or pressure against the end rail, and pushes
the inner frame down the rods D, D, and F, compressing the spiral or worm
springs on the rods D, D, between the upper end of the inner frame and the
movable cross piece G, which is prevented sliding down the rods by means of
the screw nut H on the tapt middle rod F. Figure 4 is the frame. .upon which
the cushion or seat is placed, and is made fixture to the outer frame by pins
and holes in either frame, or by hinges. Figure 5 is the back rail or arm of
the couch, which can be stuffed. L, L, L, are joints by which the arm is con-
nected with the frame and end rail by means of pins, and being so fixed will
follow the motion of the end rail. Figure 6 shows all the parts put together.
a

page_text: A, 'A, A, is the outer framework' and legs. B, B, is the end of the couch
attached to the outer frame at the knuckle joints C, C, by means of pins of wood
or metal. D, D, are the two rods with spiral springs E, E, applied. Fis the
middle rod with the movable cross piece and screw nut. G and H, the inner
frame; is shewn applied on the rods D, D, and F. The rollers' at the lower
end of the end rail are not seen in this Figure, but the action of these rollers,
when a weight is pressed against the movable end of the couch, is to force the
upper end of the inner frame down the rods' D, D, and F, compressing the
spiral springs between the upper end of the inner frame and the cross piece,
which is made fast by the screw nut, thus permitting: the end rail of the couch
to recline outwards, at the same time drawing the back or arm along with it,
and when the weight or pressure is removed from the end'rail the action of
the springs forces the inner frame back to the top of the rods D, D; and F, and
on the two rollers K, K, which brings the end rail to its ordinary position.
I also apply my new combination to recumbent and portable easy chairs, and
to drawing room, dining room, and library chairs. In my easy chairs, the back
and arms are adjusted to the convenience of the person using it, in whatever
position the body is thrown, without the aid of screws, stops, or catches,
requiring management and exertion in their use, and without the precipitate
motion attending the partial accomplishing the same result by the combinations
in common use, by means of a like application of rods, springs, cross piece; and
screw nut, as that described in my new construction of couch herein-before
mentioned, and also by means of knuckle joints in the framework of the arms
of the chair, and knuckle joints and rollers in the framework of the back rail.
My invention, simple and inexpensive in its construction, and devoid of the
complicated machinery mostly found in articles of this description which at all
answer the purposes intended, has neither stop nor handle requiring manage-
ment, and cannot easily be disarranged. I apply a part of the combination to
every elegant form of drawing and dining room chair. The Drawings referred
to, which I will now proceed to describe, will sufficiently explain the con-
struction, and enable a practical workman to manufacture such like articles.
Figure 7 is the bottom or outer framework of the chair, with the legs attached ;
the three rods, the spiral springs, and the cross piece' and screw nut are, except
from varying in size and power, the same as those described, as applied to my
new construction of couch. A, A, are the rods carrying the spiral or worm
springs, and B, the centre rod, with the cross piece C and screw nut D'applied.
E, E, shows the joints at the back of the framework, by which it is connected
with the back frame or rail.of the chair, Figure 8, and are pierced with holes,
by which the centre pins-connect the two parts. There are two other joints F, F;

page_text: at the front corners of the outer frame, by which the arm, Figure 9, is jointed
to the bottom: -Figure-10 is the-inner frame, which is applied in every way
like the inner frame of the couch before described. Figure 8 is the back rail
of the chair, and shows the rollers, and also the centre pins and knuckle joints,
by which the arms and back of the chair are united and. have their motion.
G, G, are the brass rollers which work against the upper end of the inner frame,
forcing it down the rods;;.and.compressing the spiral springs between the upper
end of the inner frame. and the cross piece C. H, H, are the centre holes, by
which the pins-connect the back with the framework,. Figure 7, at E, E.
I, I, are slots formed in the back rail, with pin holes, by which the back is con-
nected with the elbows: Figure .9 shows the elbow of the chair made in two
parts, and jointed by a movable knuckle joint. at J, and is jointed in like
manner by knuckle joints to. the back rail at I, I, in Figure 8, and with the
front corners of the bottom rail F, F, in Figure 7. Figure 11 is the frame
upon which the cushion or seat rests, and is dowled to the outer frame, as
described in the construction of my couch. Figure 12 shows all the parts of
the chair put together, the rods, springs, "cross piece, and screw nut in the
bottom frame acting as in the couch: K, K, show the joints by which the
elbows are connected with the front corners of the frame; and L, L, those which
connect the arm with the back of the chair; and M, M, those which connect the
two parts of the arm or elbow together. N, N, show the joints fastening the
back rail and bottom framework of the chair together, the cushion being.
applied; and the stuffing-managed in the ordinary way. It will be found that.
the weight of a person reclining againts the' back forces down the inner frame
on the springs, and at the same time drags 'back the arms, which, moving by
means of the knuckle joints, permits the back to slope to any required inclina-
tion. The application of parts of this combination of mechanical means to
drawing-room chairs and dining room and library chairs is very simple, and
consists of the same arrangement of outer or bottom frame, the inner frame,
and the cushion or seat frame, and the same application of-rods, springs, cross
piece and nut; the back framework of the chair being connected with the
bottom frame, in manner before described, by knuckle joints, and can be adapted
to any of the elegant designs manufactured of those articles shown at Figure 13.
Figures 14 and 15 is a stop which I sometimes apply to the couch and easy
chair, by which the end of the one and the back of the other
may
be made a
fixture. O is a rod of iron, having the handle Pat one end and the two rollers
or wheels fixed at proper distances. It is essential to the proper working of
this 'stop
that the rod should pass through the wheels or rollers out of the centre,
as shewn in the Drawing. This rod is passed through holes pierced in the

page_text: sides of the outer framework, and through a slot, which must be formed in the
under side of the inner frame, and the wheels.must be so fixed on the rod that
they work against the under part of the cushion frame, which, when this stop
is used, must be dowled to the inner, not the outer frame, and should project a
little beyond the inner frame at both sides. At the inside it will be found that
these wheels have an excentric motion, from their being fixed on the rod to one
side instead of in their centres, so that when the smaller parts of the circle of
the wheels are uppermost they will not touch the under side of the cushion
frame, which, being held to the inner frame by the pins, and hinged at the
bottom, as described, renders the end or back a fixture; but when the larger
part of the wheels are turned uppermost by the handle P, the cushion frame
is lifted clear of the inner frame, and the back can be made to recline, as before
described, by the weight applied to it. I will here mention that my. Invention
relates the new combination of mechanical means and movable centre, and
fixed seat with couches and chairs, as herein described, with or without the
stop, as also herein described.
The second head or claim of my Invention relates to the combination of a
roller, with a slot therein, and a pin hinged in the slot, working in a socket or
cup, through the bottom of which the pin passes, allowing an up-and-down
motion to the roller, controled by a spiral or worm spring secured on the pin
by a thumb nut, which I apply to the pillars of looking-glasses, so made as to
have a rotatory motion by means of a movable inner pillar in the pedestal of the
glass. The advantage of being able to alter, easily and quickly, the position of
a looking-glass, and yet to have it firmly fixed in the position required, is a desi-
deratum which recent improvements have failed to accomplish. By the appli-
cation of a single finger, or the end of a brush or comb, glasses of my improved
construction can be placed at any angle of inclination, and, combined with the
rotatory motion of the movable inner pillar of the pedestal, can be made to com-
mand any extent of view, upwards or downwards, without the aid of stops or
screws, which require care and skill in the management, and the use of both
hands, and are never certain of remaining long in the same position; all which
will be well understood by a practical man from the following description,
reference being had to the Drawings referred to and hereunto annexed, and
the letters and figures marked thereon.
Plan 1, Division 2.-Figure 1 is a section of my roller joint; A is a plate on
which the roller is cast or otherwise fixed, having screw holes pierced in it for
fastening it to the back of a glass, as shewn applied at Figure 6; Bis a roller,
in which a slot is cut, and a pin hinged therein, which is tapt at one end; C is a
socket or cup, in which the roller works, having also a deep flange or rim pierced

page_text: with screw holes for fastening it to the pillar or pedestal of the glass, and a case
or cap to hold the spiral spring cast thereon; D is the spiral or worm spring, place
round the pin in the cap or case; E is a thumb nut, which is screwed on to the tapt
end of the pin, and into the end of the case, and secures and compresses the spiral
or worm spring, the action of which is constantly dragging the roller into the
socket or cup, and keeping the joint tight. Figures 2, 3, 4, and 5, shew the
parts separate; Figure 2 is the plate A, with the roller B, having a pin hinged
in the slot; Figure 3 is the cup or socket, with the case and flange cast
thereon, which flange is pierced with screw holes, to fix it to the block or
pedestal of the glass; Figure 4 is the spiral or worm spring D, and Figure 5
is the thumb nut E; Figure 6 shows the whole put together, and applied to a
looking-glass. Having dropt the cup and case on the pin and roller, the spiral
spring is applied in the case round the pin; then, the flange or plate to which the
roller is fixed having been screwed to the back of the glass, the case containing
the spring is put through a holo formed near the top of the pillar, to which the
glass is to be fixed and screwed to it by the flange cast on the cup or case; the
thumb nut can then be applied to the tapt end of the pin, which passes through
the hole in the pillar and out at the back, and the spring adjusted to the weight
of the glass. It is unnecessary here to describe the strength of springs neces
sary for every variety of glasses; a practical workman will easily adapt the
power of the spring to the article to which it is to be applied. When used for
large cheval glasses, besides increasing the size and power of the action applied,
great additional power can be obtained by having the pin binged in the slot of
the roller out of the centre. I will here mention that I do not claim the roller,
socket, spring, or pin, taken seperately, but simply the new combination of roller,
socket, spring, and pin, with looking-glasses, as herein described.
The third head or claim of my Invention relates to a new construction of
apparatus with music stools, by which the height of the scat is regulated by the
action of a spiral or worm spring placed in the hollow of the pillar, controled
by the apparatus herein described, consisting of a cast iron ring or cap fitted
to the top of the pillar, to which a lever and spring, with a pin or bolt on the
lever, is attached; to the shoulder of the lever is hinged a rod, running down
the inside of the pillar and through the block of the stool, at the under side of
which it is fastened to a pedal by a screw nut; also a plate, pierced with holes,
'affixed to the side of the inner pillar, into which holes the pin on the lever
works; the pedal is worked by the foot, obviating the necessity of rising from
the stool to adjust its height, as is the case with such articles as at present
manufactured; and superseding the use of the ordinary screw; all which will be
well understood by a practical man from the following descriptions, reference

page_text: being, had to the Drawings referred to and hereunto annexed, and the letters
and figures.marked, thereon.⚫
-
.
:..
Plan 2,. Division 3.-Figure 1 is the inner. square pillar of a music stool,
having the seat attached; one side of the upper part, of this pillar.is pierced
with holes and has the. brass plate: A .also pierced to receive the stop pin
on the lever screwed on to it; the lower part of the pillar is formed hollow,
to allow, the extention of the spiral or worm spring. Figure. 2. is.. the
outerpillar, or pedestal and foot of the stool, hollowed to receive the square
of the inner pillar, which is closely fitted to it, and having in the centre: a pin
or plug of wood or metal B, which goes into the; spiral or worm spring. C,
and keeps it in place when parts of the stool are put together;..D is the
pedal, screwed or; hinged to. the; bottom of the block of the stool, and there
connected with the rod E in. Figure 3 by, a screw.nut. F.. Figure 3 shews my
apparatus to be fixed to, thé; outer pillar, Figure 2: G. is a band or cap of iron
which is applied round the top of the pillar; H. is the lever, with the pin
formed thereon, which pin works into the holes of the brass plate' affixed on
the side-of the inner.pillar when the parts are put together; I is the small
lever spring.attached to the lever, and acting on it; E is the.rod hinged to the
shoulder of the lever, and reaching down the pillar and through the block of the
.stool to the pedal D in Figure 2; one side of the outer pillar or pedestal is
made detached, as shewn at Figure 4, dowled so as that when it is slipped
into the collor at the bottom of the pillar, Figure 2, it fits to the iron band or
'cap, Figure 8, placed on the top of the outer pillar. When the parts of the
stool are put together, the action of the lever spring I is constantly forcing the
pin on the lever into one. or other. of the holes formed on the side of the inner
pillar and plate A in Figure I., and secures the stool at the required height. To
the shoulder of the lever is hinged the rod E, which reaches down the whole
length of the. pillar, and passes through the block and the pedal, to which latter
it is fastened at the under side by a screw nut. When the foot is applied to the
pedal the rod. is drawn down, and pulls the lever back by compressing the
spring on the lever, and withdraws the pin or bolt from the hole in the inner
pillar, and releases the spiral or worm spring C, in Figure 2, which forces. the
'inner. pillar upwards, and the stool may thus be placed at the height required,
and the foot being.then withdrawn. from the pedal, the spring on the lever
again forces the pin.on the lever into the opposite hole of the inner pillar, and
the seat is held firmly at the required height. I prefer to place the apparatus
of lever, spring, and rod at the back of the stool, and to pierce the holes and fix
the brass plate on the corresponding side of the, inner pillar, which renders the
action of the spiral or worm spring more steady, and the seat altogether. more

page_text: firm. The spiral or worm spring must be of sufficient strength when compressed
to impel the inner pillar upwards with some force. I find that springs made
of the best charcoal iron, of wire No. 9, and wound on a mandril of inch
in diameter and twelve inches long, answer the purpose well; but a practical
workman will have no difficulty in adapting the power of the spring to any
description of article. When increased power is required a tube of metal may
be made to pass through the' raised block of the stool to the ground, and.a
spring of greater- length can be applied; but when this is the case, the pedal
must be differently made in its shape, or be applied in a different direction.
The several parts of the stool are made and put together in the usual manner,
as is well understood. It will be seen that such spiral or worm spring being
applied as described, a sufficient weight, as of a person sitting on the seat, will
compress the spring, and that immediately the weight or pressure is removed
the inner pillar and seat 'will rise to the extent which the construction of the
stool and the power of the spring will allow. That this action: may not be too
sudden, and to fix it securely at any intermediate height, the pierced brass
plate and holes in the side' of the inner pillar, and my apparatus of lever,
spring, pin, rod, and pedal described, is applied; and it will be found that by
pressing the foot on the pedal, and slightly relieving the seat from, the weight
on it, the height can be adjusted with perfect ease and convenience to the
sitter. I will here mention that my Invention relates to the use of the
apparatus herein described to spiral or worm springs with music. stools!!
The fourth head or claim of my Invention relates to three new combinations
of a ball-and-socket joint herein-after described: the first of which, with an
apparatus of rod and 'spring, I apply to loo and other tables as a substitute for
the screws and catches at present in use,' and by the application of which the
top of the table can be turned up or down with greater facility; and when down
is more securely fixed than by the methods in ordinary use without the
assistance of any catch. Figures 1, 2, 3, and 4 show the several parts of my
first combination of ball-and-socket joint and apparatus separately. Figure 1;
A is a metal plate with a ball cast thereon, and having a slot 'in it with the
pin or rod B. hinged in the slot by a pin through the centre of the ball; this
rod is tapt at the lower end to take a handle which forms a screw nut.
Figure 2 is a section of the socket in which the ball works, having a hole in
the bottom thereof, through which the rod B in Figure 1.is passed; this cup
or socket is cast on to a cap, the lower part of which is fitted to the top of the
pillar of the table, to which it is screwed at the screw holes shewn at C, C; in the
smaller upper end of this cup I place a spiral, of worm spring, one end of which
is fastened securely to the bottom of the cup, and the other end.. protrudes

page_text: through the horizontal slot E, cut about one third round the circumference of
the smaller part of the cap, immediately under the cut-out part of the cup.
The top of the smaller part of the cup has the flange F formed on it, upon
which the movable band, Figure 3, rests, as shown at G in this Figure, and is
connected with it by the end of the spring in the .cap which passes through the
slot E into the hole H in Figure 8, and confines the motion of the band to the
length of the slot E, controled by the power of the spring in the cap, and, when
forced round to the other end of the slot by the handle, brings the cut-out part
of the band G, shown detached at Figure 3, even with the cut-out part of the
cup, and the top of the table can be turned up without the slightest difficulty,
and remains fast in that position; and when the top is turned down for use
the spring forces the band, Figure 8, back to its original position, by which the
top is prevented from turning up, and is held firmly in the position for use.
Figure 4 shows a cup with the flange I cast or formed thereon, having screw
holes in it, and a hole in the bottom of the cup or socket of sufficient size to
admit the rod B in Figure 1. This cup or socket is sunk in the under sido of
the block of the pillar, and screwed to it by the flange I. The whole of this
apparatus put together is shown in section at Figure 5. The plate A, Figure 1,
being screwed to the under side of the top of the table, the rod B is passed
through the hole in Figure 2, and the cap is then applied to the top of the
pillar, and there screwed at the screw holes, the rod B passing through a hole
bored through the whole length of the pillar, and through the block of the
table, and through the cup or socket, Figure 4, sunk in the block as before
mentioned. The spiral or worm spring is then applied on the tapt end of the
rod in the cup, Figure 4; and the screw handle being put on and tightened,
the spring is compressed between the bottom of the inside of the cup and the
nut, and the power of the joint adjusted to the weight of the table; the size of
the apparatus must be proportioned to the size of the table to which it is to be
applied, which a workman will be able easily to do. My second combination
of ball-and-socket joint, also controled by a spiral or worm spring, I apply to
the carriages of guns, by which any direction required can be given to the piece
with very great facility. In this combination of ball-and-socket joint the ball
has a circular cup formed in it, at the bottom of which is hinged the screw
pin J, as shewn in Figure 6. K is a plate of metal pierced with holes, by
which it is screwed to the under side of a gun with the ball fixed or cast thereon.
Lis the cup which receives the ball, having a hole in the bottom, through
which the screw pin goes; this cup has a deep flange M, pierced with screw
holes. On the end of the rod or pin J the spiral or worm spring N is placed
and the nut O being screwed on, compresses the spiral spring between it and

page_text: the bottom, and, when properly adjusted, the plate K is screwed to the under side
of the gun, and the spring, rod, and cup are applied in the hole formed in the
carriage of the gun; the flange M is then screwed to the carriage, and the
joint made secure. The action of the spiral spring is constantly pulling the ball
into the socket, by which all looseness in the joint is prevented, and a sustained
motion given to the piece, and the cup formed in the ball being circular in
shape allows it to be pointed in any direction required. Figures 7 and 8
show the action applied to the gun and to the carriage. My third combination
of a ball and socket controled by a spiral or worm spring with shafts and poles
6 of carriages is shown at Figs. 9, 10, 11, 12, and 13, by which the chance of
breaking those parts is materially lessened, and much greater safety consequently
given to the carriage. Figure 9 shows the description of joint I use for such
purposes: A is a metal cap or clamp, having a ball cast or fixed thereon; the
ball has a slot cut in it, in which slot is hinged the pin B, which is tapt at one
end; C is a cup, with the case D cast on it, to the end of which case a clamp E
is fixed or formed; F is a spiral or worm spring placed on the pin B, which
is secured thereon, and compressed when necessary by the thumb nut G. The
cap or clamp at the ball end of this action is pierced to fasten it at H to the
part of the shaft shown at Figure 10. At the other end of the spring the
clamp E receives the part of the shaft I shown at Figure 10, and is fastened
to it by the pin J. Figure 12, K is a band which slides over and conceals
the action, and is fastened by the pin L, shown in Figure 12, so as not to
interfere with the action of the joint. The manufacture of such joints, and the
description applicable to various descriptions of articles, will be well understood
by a practical workman. I would have it understood that I do not claim any
of the parts of the three combinations of ball-and-socket joints herein described
taken separately. But what I claim is, the three combinations of mechanical
means as described, with tables, guns, and the shafts and poles of carriages
applied, as herein-before described.
Having described the nature of my Invention, and the manner in which the
same is to be performed and applied, I would have it understood that what I
claim under the said in part recited Letters Patent is,―
First, the new combination of mechanical means, and movable centre and
fixed seat, with couches and chairs, as described in the first head or claim of
my Specification.
Secondly, I claim the new combination of mechanical means with looking-
glasses, as described in the second head or claim of my Specification.
Thirdly, I claim the new combination of mechanical means with music stools,
as described in the third head or claim of my Specification.

page_text: Lastly, Iclaim the three combinations of mechanical means, applied as
described, with tables, with gun carriages, and. with shafts and poles of
carriages.****
In witness whereof, I, the said Charles Chinnock, have hereunto-put
my hand and seal, the Fourteenth day of September, One thousand
eight, hundred and forty-seven."
CHARLES (1.8.) CHINNOCK...
AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the Fourteenth day of September, in
the year of our Lord 1847, the aforesaid Charles Chinnock came before our said
Lady the Queen in Her Chancery, and acknowledged the Specification afore
said, and all and every thing therein contained and specified, in form above
written. And also the Specification aforesaid was stamped according to the
tenor of the Statute made for that purpose.
..
Enrolled the Twenty-second day of November, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and forty-seven..