Improved Means and Appliance for Teaching the Multiplication Table.
Year: 1893

page_text: Date of Application, 22nd Nov., 1893-Accepted, 30th Dec., 1893
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improved Means and Appliance for Teaching the Multiplication
Table.
I, WALTER BRIERLEY of Penny Bank Chambers, Halifax, in the County of
York, Fatent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of this invention, which has
been communicated to me by Ernst Trolltsch, of 114 Fuerther Street, Nuremberg,
in the Empire of Germany, Private Teacher at the Royal Prison, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement :-
The present invention relates to a means of instruction in and for teaching the
multiplication table, by which one can show a beginner in a clear manner the
multiplication table in a form readily understood, through the visible adding
of equal numbers, i.e., factors, and through the readable products.
The apparatus consists of a box or frame divided into ten squares for taking up
the factors, i.e. numbers which may be inserted one by one, and are printed on both
the faces of card or board tablets arranged above and below the middle squares a¹
and a, sliding squares or tablets 20 and 2 that serve for number strips 20 and 2",
upon which the products are printed. Over the latter number strips, blank strip-
covers do and d are slided, and which cover the number strips 20" situated below
them.
Suppose an example to be given of multiplying with 6;-put into the sliding
squares q and q" the number strips 2° and " with the products of 6 (Figs. 2 and 3)
and cover them with blank strips do d". Now insert into the first square a¹ a
number tablet t' (Fig. 4) with number 6 thereon. The upper cover strip do is now
shifted to the right hand until the product 6 becomes visible. Thus is shown,
1 x 6 6; 6 into 6 = 1.
Now insert into the second square a another number, tablet 2 with number 6
thereon, and move the lower strip cover d to the right hand so far that product 12
Clearly given are
appears.
now-6+6 12; 2 x 6 12; 122 × 6;
6 into 122; of 12 6.
=
=
Into the third square a³ a further tablet t³, showing number 6 is placed, and the
upper cover strip do moved to the right hand, so that product 18 presents itself, by
which is clearly shown, 6+ 6
18;
3 x 6 = 18; 18 = 3 x 6 ;
6 into 18 = 3; of 18
= 6; of 18 = 12; of 18 = 18.
Continue in this way and the following detailed example will be produced.
=
12+6=
12. 24. 36. 48
become visible.
Now tablets t with factors 6 are inserted into the single squares a, and the pupil
speaks -6 into 6
= 1 (once); 6 into 12 = 2 (twice); 6 into 18 = 3 (thrice); and
so on as far as 6 into 54 = 9 (9 times). In the same. manner the problem is
5 illustrated, 54, how many times six? thus :-6 = 1 × 6; 12 = 2 x 6, and so on.
As represented in the drawings annexed the products of the odd (1, 3, 5 x 6)
appear on the upper number strip, and those out of the even multipliers (2, 4, 6 × 6)

page_text: upon the number strip below. Of course by means of this apparatus, the illustration
of the great multiplication table may be effected also.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
The apparatus consisting of 10 squares a¹ and a² (in two rows of 5 each) for
receiving the tablets t; the two sliding number strips and "; and the two
sliding strip covers do d", all in combination as and for the purpose herein described,
and as illustrated by the accompanying drawings.
Dated this 21st day of November 1893.
WALTER BRIERLEY,
Applicant.