matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
AN IMPROVED ALLOY FOR ANTI-ACID METAL, AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Edward Tenison Woods
and John Clark at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 25th June 1872.
We, JOHN EDWARD TENISON WOODS, of Latimer Road Chemical
Works, Parish of Hammersmith, County of Middlesex, Manufacturing
Chemist, and JOHN CLARK, of 8, Belmont Terrace, Parish of Kensington,
County aforesaid, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "AN IMPROVED ALLOY FOR ANTI-ACID METAL, AND FOR OTHER
PURPOSES," to be as follows :—
The improvement consists in combining either iron or steel with
various alloys of the hard and difficultly oxidizable metals, such as
certain alloys of chromium and tungsten, by the action of which alloys
on the iron or steel either or both are rendered less subject to rust or
oxidation, and the toughness of the iron or the temper of the steel are
very materially improved.
In carrying out our said Invention in practice we mix in a crucible
or in a blast furnace or in any other suitable furnace, a certain quantity
of iron or of steel of any degree of hardness or or description, and of any

page_text: make (preferably Bessemer steel) with an alloy of chromium and·
tungsten either in the metallic state or in the form of mixed oxides,
and fusing the whole in the presence of carbonaceous matter, by
which the iron or steel becomes alloyed with the chromium and
tungsten. The alloy of chromium and tungsten which we prefer to a
use for general purposes. consists of 10 per cent. tungsten and 90 per
cent. of chromium, or an equivalent proportion of their oxides; of this
alloy we use from 1 to 5 per cent. in combination with the iron or steel
according to the nature of the metal to be produced. The alloy we.
prefer to use for anti-acid metal consists of 5 per cent. of tungsten and 1
95 per cent. of chromium combined in the proportion of 33 per cent. of
alloy to 67 per cent. of steel. This metal is also very hard, is of a
silvery color, takes a high polish, which it retains in a damp or
oxidizing atmosphere, and is accordingly extremely useful for various
purposes, amongst which we particularise the following, speculum metal 1
and similar purposes where high reflective qualities are required,
verious parts of instruments where German silver is now used, for
coinage metal, and for cutlery which has to be used in contact with
acids.
Although the above proportions of the alloy and of its combination 2
with steel and iron we find give good results, these proportions may be
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ORNAMENTAL TILES OR SLABS
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alexander Melville Clark at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
22nd July 1872.-A. communication from abroad by Jean Paul
Simons, of Paris, France, Civil Engineer.
I, ALEXANDER MELVILLE CLARK, of 53, Chancery Lane, in the
County of Middlesex, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ORNAMENTAL
TILES OR SLABS," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to an improved method of manufacturing
mosaic tiles, quarries, or slabs, composed 1st, of small pieces or tesseræ
of stoneware of various forms and colors, and 2ndly, of a backing of
silex, pebbles, gravel, or other coarse materials, the whole being con-
solidated by means of cement run into a mould of the size of the article
to be produced.
Figure 1 of the accompanying Drawing shows a plan of one of theso
improved tiles, composed of sixty-four small pieces of stoneware, each
of about ths of an inch in thickness, and Figure 2 a section of same.
Figure 3 shows a vertical section of the tile and mould.

page_text: Figure 4, a plan of the mould with the cover removed, and Figure 5,
a part plan with the cover in place.
a, small pieces of stoneware; b, similar pieces of a different color,
forming with pieces a the face of the tile; c, plate made of larger size
than the mould; d, stones, silex, pebbles, furnace slag, or coarse
materials of any kind; e, pattern which may be on thin metal, linen,
india-rubber, or other material; f, stiff edge attached to the pattern to
assist in stretching the same; 9, side frames of the metal mould to
which the ends g' are fitted by a rebate k; h, cover of mould having
perforations, and secured thereon in any suitable manner, the corners d'
being removed so as to leave openings for the same purpose as holes 2².
b
The following is the method of manufacture: -A pattern e for
example being selected, is first placed on the bottom plate c; the
frame g, g', is then placed on the pattern, care being taken that the
frame be made to correspond with the border of the design; the small
pieces, or tesserae are then placed in the mould, the pieces a being laid
on the squares a' of the pattern, and the pieces 6 on squares b' until the
whole surface of the pattern is covered. The pattern is then drawn out
from under the mould without disturbing the arrangement of the
tesserae, and the coarse materials d, such as pebbles and gravel, filled
in up to a level with the frame g, g'. The cover his next applied, and
a liquid cement poured in through the holes "', which serves to con-
solidate the contents of the mould.
When the cement has acquired sufficient consistency the cover and
sides of the mould are removed, when the tile is ready for use.
AN IMPROVED PAVE- MENT
Year: 1872

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Samuel Norris, of Lombard Street, in the City
of London, Gentleman, for the Invention of "AN IMPROVED PAVE-
MENT."
Sealed the 24th May 1872, and dated the 6th April 1872.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION filed by the said Samuel Norris at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition and
Declaration, on the 6th April 1872, pursuant to the 9th Section
of the Patent Law Amendment Act, 1852.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, SAMUEL
NORRIS, of Lombard Street, in the City of London, Gentleman, send

page_text: vehicles I prefer to use two layers of planks or boards, as shewn in
Figure 2, but for unimportant streets and for side walks and other
situations where the pavement is only subjected to light traffic one
layer of boards as shewn in Figure 1, will be sufficient. These boards
should be steeped in or covered with tar or other preservative material
before being laid down to render them more durable. When two layers of
boards are used, the boards of one layer should “break joint” with those
of the other layer, so that the whole will be solidly bound together.
When this board or plank foundation has been properly laid I cover
the same with the asphalte b. I may use any of the varieties of asphalte
now ordinarily employed in the formation of pavements, or any bitu-
minous or tarry materials or compounds suitable for this purpose,
whether the same be in the form of powder or in a liquid or semi-liquid
condition. This asphalte or bituminous or tarry material may be of
any desired depth or thickness, and is laid and packed upon the
foundation a in the ordinary manner. The asphalte or other material
when properly laid will be forced between the interstices of the planks
or boards, and the whole pavement will form a homogeneous body. The
asphalte or bituminous or tarry material may be mixed with earthy
substances, gravel, stones, or other matters commonly used for this
'
Having thus fully described my said Invention, and the manner of
performing the same, I wish it understood that I do not claim or limit
myself to any particular manner of forming or laying the boards or
planks or method of preparing or laying down the asphalte or tarry or
bituminous material or compound, but I claim, a pavement of asphalte

page_text: or other bituminous or tarry material or compound with a foundation of
planks or boards as herein set forth.
In witness whereof, I, the said Samuel Norris, have hereunto set
my
hand and seal, this Sixth day of April, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-two.
Witness,
ED. P. ZOHRAB.
SAM¹. NORRIS. (L.S.)
AN IMPROVED METHOD OF TAKING SILHOUETTE OR OUTLINE PICTURES
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederick Richard Window at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 20th March 1872.
I, FREDERICK RICHARD WINDOW, of Baker Street, Portman Square,
in the County of Middlesex, Photographer, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED METHOD OF TAKING SILHOUETTE
OR OUTLINE PICTURES," to be as follows, that is to say :-
-
The Invention consists in a novel application of photography to the
production of silhouette or outline pictures, by which the same are
produced in a more rapid and perfect manner than hitherto.
―
The manner in which I prefer to carry out my Invention is as
follows: I light strongly a light coloured background, either from the
back like a transparency or from the front, and I place the subject to
be silhouetted in front of this lighted background in a position where
little or no light can fall upon it from the front, I then take by photo-
graphy a picture of this lighted background and of the unlighted subject

page_text: intervening. By this means I obtain a negative cliché of the subject
in the form of a silhouette or outline, and I print from this on photo-
graphic paper in the usual manner, or it may be printed by means of
photo-lithography on any suitable material.
IMPROVEMENTS IN VENTILATING SEWERS, DRAINS, CESSPOOLS, AND SOIL PIPES
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederick Albert Gatty at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
24th January 1872.
I, FREDERICK ALBERT GATTY, of Accrington, in the County of
Lancaster, Manufacturing Chemist, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN VENTILATING SEWERS, DRAINS, CESSPOOLS,
AND SOIL PIPES," to be as follows:-
My improvement consists in connecting with sewers, drains, cesspools,
or soil pipes in any convenient place pipes or shafts communicating
with the exterior atmosphere, such pipes or shafts being filled with coke,
rough stones, or other material in such a way as to permit the air
or sewer gases freely to pass through them; and in order to render the
foul air or gases harmless when they escape from the pipes or shafts
mentioned above I saturate the materials in the said pipes or shafts
with a disinfecting fluid such as chloride of lime, carbolic acid, or any
other fluid or substance capable of decomposing or destroying the foul

page_text: gases or animalcules escaping from the sewers, drains, cesspools, or soil
pipes. Instead of filling the disinfecting pipes or shafts with the
materials as stated above, they may be fitted up with shelves or cells
containing disinfecting substances.
AN IMPROVED UTENSIL FOR POACHING EGGS AND OTHER CULINARY PURPOSES
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Rachel Annette Browne at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with her Petition, on the
12th March 1872.
I, RACHEL ANNETTE BROWNE, of Richmond Hill, in the County of
Surrey, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"AN IMPROVED UTENSIL FOR POACHING EGGS AND OTHER CULINARY PURPOSES,"
to be as follows:-
The feature of novelty of this Invention consists in so constructing
an utensil for poaching eggs, for example, as that the eggs when cooked
shall assume and maintain a regular shape about their outer edge,
instead of assuming an irregular or jagged shape, as is now generally
the case when the ordinary well-known method of poaching eggs is
employed. The improved utensil above referred to is constructed as
follows: I take a piece of block tin, tin plate, or other suitable
material, and cut it of any desired shape and size to poach any required
number of eggs at one time.
For the sake of convenience I propose to make the utensil of three
sizes as follows:-No. 1 size is made to poach two eggs at one time;
No. 2, three eggs; and No. 3, four or six eggs.

page_text: The utensil is made in two principal parts; the lower part is made flat
and provided with a handle at the back; and the upper part, which is
hinged to the lower part near the handle thereof, is made of any number
of skeleton pieces in the form of rings or other fanciful shapes. These
skeleton pieces are connected together by their sides, and the whole
surrounded by an outer band to hold them all firmly together. I also
fix_a_small projecting piece of metal to the said outer band near the
hinged part thereof, so that by pressing down the aforesaid projecting
piece the upper or skeleton part of the utensil may be lifted from the
lower part for discharging the eggs when sufficiently cooked. I propose
to perforate those portions of the lower part of the utensil that come
opposite to each of the aforesaid skeleton rings or pieces when the
utensil is closed. I also perforate the sides of the several rings or pieces
to allow the water to enter each compartment of the utensil, and to
drain the water therefrom after the eggs are poached.
I propose to use the improved utensil above described in a frying pan
or other shallow vessel containing water or melted fat. In using the
above utensil for frying fritters or other mixtures, the upper or skeleton
part only of the utensil will suffice by placing it in a frying pan so as to
preserve the regular shape of the fritter or other substance or mixture
that is to be cooked.
IMPROVEMENTS IN WASHING AND WRINGING MACHINES
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Welburn Williamson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
9th April, 1872.
I, WELBURN WILLIAMSON, of 133, High Holborn, in the County of
Middlesex, Mechanical Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN WASHING AND WRINGING MACHINES,"
to be as follows:-
-
This Invention consists in certain improvements in the construction
of machinery forming either combined or separate apparatus for the
purpose of washing in machines, of which a reciprocating wash plate,
beater, or trough forms a portion, and of wringing with india-rubber
rollers.
I propose to place on the reciprocating wash plate trunnions of the
washer cranked arms to which spring bolts are jointed, the same passing
through and being guided by lugs or brackets fixed in a suitable position
on the outside or corners of the machine frames. Between the said lugs
and around the said spring bolts I place coiled metal or india-rubber
springs, which bearing against a shoulder provided on the spring bolts

page_text: near the joint and on the cranked arm thereby force the wash plate into
its working position. This action on the travel of the wash plate is
limited or regulated by a nut and set nut on the screwed end of the
spring bolt, which projects through the lug.
To form the wringer, I make the frame which carries the bottom roller
and the fixing clamps of one piece of malleable iron. In each end of
the frame are holes through which the pressing screw bolts pass. A
sliding plate or cap is held in position at each end by lugs on the frame,
and at one end of each plate are the bearings in which the top roller
rotates. The required pressure is obtained with the screwed bolts that
pass through the frame and the two sliding caps, the elasticity of the
pressure being obtained by two spiral or india-rubber springs placed
between facings on the frame and the sliding caps or plates. In order
to cause the pressure to be always even on the springs, round caps are
placed on each of their ends, which caps are rounding with a spheroidal
surface on the faces that come in contact with the frame and the sliding
plates or caps. The caps are kept in position on the springs by pins in
their flat faces.
A NEW METHOD OF PREPARING THE SEVERAL PRODUCTS OF THE COFFEE BUSH (OTHER THAN THE BEAN) SO AS TO TURN THE SAME TO USE AS ARTICLES OF FOOD
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Joseph Grinlinton at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
9th March 1872. - A communication from abroad by Robert
Dawson, of Berkeley House, Colpetty, Colombo, in the Island of
Ceylon, Merchant.
I, JOHN JOSEPH GRINLINTON, of Number 3, Storey's Gate, West-
minster, in the County of Middlesex, Esquire, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "A NEW METHOD OF PREPARING THE SEVERAL
PRODUCTS OF THE COFFEE BUSH (OTHER THAN THE BEAN) SO AS TO TURN THE SAME
TO USE AS ARTICLES OF FOOD," to be as follows:-
The preparation of the pulp parchment, silver skin, leaves, bark,
wood, roots, shoots, twigs, and pith of the coffee bush, by drying or
partially drying the same, either by exposure to the sun or by means
of artificial heat, and by making decoctions or infusions of the same
either separately or all or any two or more of them mixed together, so
as to turn to use as an article or articles of food the coffeine contained
therein respectively, and otherwise to convert to use such coffeine in
any form whatever, and either mixed with or separated from the coffee
bean as now in general use.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SCREW- DRIVERS
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Bain at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 25th April 1872.
-A communication from abroad by Charles Law, of Pittston,
Pennsylvania, United States of America.
I, JOHN BAIN, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN SCREW-
DRIVERS," to be as follows :-
This Invention for improvements in screwdrivers consists in making
the bit or driving end adjustable and separate from the handle and
stale. The handle may be of the ordinary description into which is
fitted a stale having a jaw or slot at its end, into which fits an
adjustable bit or driver. This bit is made square at one end to fit the
screws, and round at the other end which takes into the jaw of the
stale. The bit is attached to the jaw of the stale by means of a screw,
bolt, or rivet.
The utility of this Invention is that the bit or driver through being
adjustable suits itself to the direction of the screw driven, also a screw
can be driven in position not accessible to the ordinary screwdriver, as

page_text: the bit adjusting itself to an angle permits the handle and stale to be
used as a lever by the user placing his hand or pressure on the end of
the stale.
The bits aro so made that any size will fit one stale and handle, so
that any size screw can be driven with the same handle and stale by 5
attaching the size of bit required.
IMPROVEMENTS IN REINS FOR DRIVING AND RIDING
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederick Render at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 11th
April 1872.
I, FREDERICK RENDER, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster,
Miller and Corn Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN REINS FOR DRIVING AND RIDING," to be as
follows:-
My Invention consists in an arrangement whereby I am enabled to
drive or ride from different parts of the bit by the use of one rein only,
and this I effect by the use of an intermediate spring. The arrange-
ment I propose is to connect a single rein to the easy part of the bit
by the aforesaid spring and to the curb or other such part by a hanging
loop which is brought into operation when the said spring is distended
beyond a certain point.
AN IMPROVED PREPARATION AND UTILI- ZATION OF COFFEE IN THE FORM OF TABLETS FOR FOOD
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Octave Doyen at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 10th June
1872.
I, OCTAVE DOYEN, of Reims (France), Doctor, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED PREPARATION AND UTILI-
ZATION OF COFFEE IN THE FORM OF TABLETS FOR FOOD," to be as follows :-
:-
The berries of the coffee plant are alimentary, their composition
chemically speaking being analeogous to cocoa, and the ligneous matter
of the berries have no prejudicial effect when used as food, but as coffee
is generally prepared there is a great waste of elements which could be
advantageously used as alimentary substances.
The ordinary use of coffee and milk, the sustenance of troops by coffee
soup, the preparation of coffee by infusion, and the utilization of coffee
in its entire state for confectionery are the several objects that are attained
by the following preparations :-
First. An impalpable coffee powder mixed or not with sugar similar to

page_text: Secondly. Dry tablets made of the impalpable powder of coffee
incorporated with sugar.
Thirdly. Oleaginous tablets of coffee made by incorporating the coffee
powder with oily matters and sugar. The impalpable coffee powder can
be obtained by any well known grinding process, but preference is given
to vertical grinding mills in order to avoid overheating from rapid
rotation their being ordinary bolting machines or chambers employed to
obtain the powder at the required fineness, and the tablets are made by
the mixture of coffee, sugar, and water, in a mill and afterwards stoving
or drying them.
The oleaginous tablets of coffee are prepared in a similar manner to
chocolate, there being incorporated with the coffee and sugar a certain
proportion of oily matter, but cocoa nut oil is preferred in order to give
to the mixture a richness in oleaginous matter analagous to that of
chocolate of good quality. Coffee thus utilized contains clements of a
solid or refractory nature not affected by infusion or even by boiling, and
the sediments and salts in the phosphates represent important quantities,
and in all the preparations the ligneous parts of the coffee berries enter
the stomach, but instead of being hurtful they constitute matters very
useful for the functions of the digestive organs.
The different products before enumerated are for the purpose of
realizing the greatest economy, the object not being to supersede the
ordinary infusion of coffee when desired, but the consumer will find from
their use an important guarantee of their quality as the various types
are to be made of similar materials.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CONSTRUCTING THE CAP BARS AND IN LUBRICATING THE ROLLERS OF MACHINES USED IN PREPARING AND SPINNING
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Taylor at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 4th
March 1872.
I, WILLIAM TAYLOR, of Oldham, in the County of Lancaster, Cotton
Spinner, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN CONSTRUCTING THE CAP BARS AND IN LUBRICATING THE
ROLLERS OF MACHINES USED IN PREPARING AND SPINNING," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to the stands and bearings of the fluted rollers
and the cap bars and saddles of the top rollers used in machines for
preparing and spinning, and it consists in inserting pieces of glass or
other vitreous substance in the cap bars to guide the ends of the top
rollers, whereby the lubricant may be dispensed with, also in making
the said stands, bearings, cap bars, and saddles with recesses or cavities
to contain a certain quantity of lubricating compound, which compound
becomes softened by the warmth of the room, and the lubricant when
warm passes in minute particles through narrow slits or holes in the
stands, bearings, cap bars, and saddles, and so lubricates the journals
and the parts of the top rollers that the saddles bear upon.

page_text: This improved mode of lubricating effects a great saving in labour
and in lubricating material, and prevents the injury to the leather of the
top rollers, which is unavoidable in the ordinary mode of lubricating
with oil.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PERAMBULATORS
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Shaw at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 9th
August 1872.
I, EDWARD SHAW, of the City of Manchester, in the County of
Lancaster, Perambulator Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PERAMBULATORS," to be as
follows:-
This Invention consists in improved arrangements and contrivances
for enabling parasols, sunshades, hoods, and cushions to be readily
applied to and removed from perambulators.
The parasol or sunshade is of any ordinary construction with the
exception of the stick or handle, which instead of being long is made
short, it being cut nearly to the ribs of the parasol when open; and to
this handle is fixed a holder formed as spring clips, which are placed on
the ordinary rods at the back and hold the parasol firmly to them, and
as these clips can be placed on any part of the rods the parasol can be
raised or lowered as required.

page_text: In order to be able to attach the hood and remove it with facility,
there is at each side a plate attached to the pivots or frame of the hood,
the plates having at their ends slots or notches which are passed over
pins or screws outside the body of the perambulator, two of the pins or
screws having bent heads which when turned firmly hold the plates and
frame of the hood as required. And another improvement in the hood
consists in connecting its cloth or other cover to the frame by pins and
cyclets so that it can be easily attached and removed, and instead of
making the cushions or upholstery stationary, as at present, they are
made portable so that they can be used or not as required, the cushions
being connected when used by plates and screws somewhat similar to
those described for the hoods.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR PUDDLING IBON
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Aaron Smith at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 19th
January 1872.
I, AARON SMITH, of Batman's Hill, Bilston, in the County of
Stafford, Farmer, but by Trade an Ironworker, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR PUDDLING
IBON," to be as follows:-
My Invention of improvements in apparatus for puddling iron relates
to that class of puddling apparatus in which molten cast iron is decar-
buretted by being agitated in a rotating cylinder.
The object of the present Invention is to economize the manufacture
of wrought iron and steel, by so constructing and arranging the
apparatus that it may be worked and kept in working order with greater
facility than heretofore. To this end two, three, or more puddling
cylinders (which may be rotated by any convenient arrangement of
toothed gearing) are arranged in a line end for end, a furnace for
generating heat and combustible gases being at one end of the series of

page_text: cylinders, and a flue or chimney shaft to produce a suitable draught
being at the other end, so that the heated gases from the furnace may be
carried through all of the puddling cylinders in succession, and finally
escape into the chimney, the cylinders being kept in rotation all the
time. It will of course be understood that each of the rotating
cylinders is open at both ends so as to allow the heated gases to pass
through.
The molten iron may be poured in through an opening made in the
sides of the cylinders, and closed by a suitable stopper or door, or it may
be introduced through one of the open ends. The cylinders are mounted
either singly or in pairs on a moveable frame which is capable of
being moved laterally on rails so that they may be charged with molten
metal and the puddled balls when finished may be withdrawn there-
from. This mounting of the rotating cylinders on frames which are
capable of being drawn back out of the line of the working cylinders
very considerably facilitates the working and increases the convenience
of the apparatus.
"
The rotating cylinders are constructed of blocks or bricks of a
refractory compound supported in a wrought-iron frame. These bricks
or blocks are composed (1) of a substance called " "pottery mine a kind
of ironstone which contains a considerable per-centage of iron, (2) of
hematite iron ore, and (3) of calcined fire-clay or old fire-brick or old
crucibles. The first and third ingredients must be calcined, and the
second finely pulverized so that it may be intimately mixed with the
others in proportion of one-third by measure of each of the ingredients.
It may sometimes be found convenient to mix with the other
ingredients a small proportion of uncalcined fire-clay so as to render the
whole mass more plastic. When all the ingredients are well mixed and
brought to a proper state for moulding, bricks or blocks of the required
form may be made therefrom, and the cylinders may then be formed of
such blocks.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MODE OF AND ARRANGEMENTS FOR CLEANSING STREET PAVEMENTS OR WAYS
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Dyne and Thomas
Reed Dyne at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 18th January 1872.
We, WILLIAM DYNE and THOMAS REED DYNE, both of No. 12,
Bishopsgate Street Without, in the City of London, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MODE OF AND
ARRANGEMENTS FOR CLEANSING STREET PAVEMENTS OR WAYS," to be as
follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in the mode of and
arrangements for cleansing street pavements or ways, and relates to the
cleansing of such pavements or ways by jets or streams of water pro-
jected on to the pavement or way through series of orifices or nozzles.
For this purpose we lay along the pavement or way a pipe or pipes in
which we form or provide a number of orifices, slits, openings, or nozzles,
and in conjunction with such pipe or pipes we employ a connecting pipe
or connecting pipes provided with a suitable valve or tap or valves or
taps, and communicating with a cistern, reservoir, or main in such
manner as when the valve or tap or valves or taps is or are opened by a

page_text: key or otherwise to convey water from the cistern, reservoir, or main, into
the pipe or pipes formed or provided with orifices, slits, openings, or
nozzles as described, and these orifices, slits, openings, or nozzles are
arranged so as to project the water on to the surface of the pavement or
way, which being slightly sloped or inclined towards the side thereof
farthest removed from the pipe or pipes, conducts the water and with it
the surface dirt and mud from the pavement or way into a side gutter or
channel, and thence to the drains.
We prefer that where the pavement or way is bounded by a house
or houses, the pipe or pipes formed or provided with orifices, slits,
openings, or nozzles as described should abut against the wall of the
house, but in some cases we make the pavement or way higher at its
central part or portion, and we carry the orifices, slits, openings, or
nozzles along such higher part, the pavement or way being gradually
inclined or sloped downwards towards its two sides, and there provided
with gutters or channels for conducting the dirty water away to the
drains as required.
IMPROVEMENTS IN REAPING MACHINES
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Daniel Pidgeon and William
Manwaring at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 28th February 1872.
We, DANIEL PIDGEON and WILLIAM MANWARING, both of the
Britannia Iron Works, Banbury, in the County of Oxon, Engineers, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for " IMPROVEMENTS
IN REAPING MACHINES," to be as follows:-
Our Invention relates to reaping machines which deliver the sheaf
automatically at the side of the machine by means of rakes revolving
around an upright or inclined shaft or axis, and it consists in a method
of causing such automatic rakes either to touch the grain platform in
their passage over it, and thus discharge the sheaf, or to pass over the
platform at such a height as to be clear of the grain thereon.
The first method we employ is applicable to machines in which the
normal or discharging path of the rake is determined by a cam or
equivalent contrivance. To this we add a. supplementary cam under
the control of the operator, by means of which he can cause the rakes to
deviate from their normal path at pleasure. We are aware that such a

page_text: supplementary cam is not new, per se, but according to this Invention
the rake arms and the supplementary cam are so arranged with regard
to each other that whereas the rake arms forming any pair are rigid
together throughout their length while following their normal path,
they cease to be so when the supplementary cam is in use, which first
unlocks each rake in turn in its socket, and then carries it at such a
height as will clear the sheaf on the platform. On leaving the
supplementary cam the rake arm locks itself again in its socket, and
becomes rigid with the opposite arm.
The second method we employ is applicable to machines whose rakes
are or are not governed in their path by cams or similar contrivances.
In this case the rake heads are double, the lower head furnished with
teeth being hinged and locked to the upper head. On approaching the
finger beam in its revolution a suitable tappet on the rake comes in
contact with a guide bar fixed to the finger beam; this bar is of such a
form as first to lift the latch, and then turn the rake upon its hinges into
a horizontal position. The rake follows the guide bar thus until it is
clear of the sheaf on the platform when it falls again by its own weight
The guide bar is
into the vertical position and latches itself there.
under the control of the operator, who can engage or disengage it with
the rakes at pleasure.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF IRON GIRDERS, JOISTS, OR BEAMS USED IN CONSTRUCTING BUILDINGS
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Broughton at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
9th August 1872.
I, THOMAS BROUGHTON, of Albert Villas, Albert Road, Dalston, in the
County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF IRON
GIRDERS, JOISTS, OR BEAMS USED IN CONSTRUCTING BUILDINGS," to be as
follows:-
The object of my Invention is to economize the use of-iron in con-
structing girders, joists, or beams employed for building purposes. To
this end instead of making the girder or joist solid of iron of any desired
section I construct these articles of sheet iron and make them hollow.
The strips of metal are stamped up in a trough form, and the edges of
the metal aro rivetted or bolted together, and the internal space is filled
up with cement or concrete, thus forming a metal' girder (trussed: with
concrete) of great strength and rigidity.

page_text: corrugate the metal strips or sheets transversly, and rivet them together
through contiguous corrugations, thus leaving elliptically shaped recesses
or spaces between the sheets at regular intervals. When these light
slicet iron joists are placed in position on the walls of a building so as to
support a floor, all the spaces or recesses are filled up by cement or
concrete, so as to form a trussed girder as in the former instance.
Girders, joists, or beams constructed in either of these manners of
sheet iron will be found immensely strong in proportion to the quantity
of metal used in their construction, but if additional strength be required
two or more of them may be connected together by means of transverse
bolts passed through short metal tubes to keep the members of the
girder at their proper distance apart. The spaces between the members
may then be filled in with cement or concrete as as before.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THAT PORTION OF FLOATING DREDGERS USED IN LOOSENING SAND, GRAVEL, MUD, OR OTHER MATERIAL TO BE DREDGED OR REMOVED
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Burt at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 4th
January 1872.—A communication from abroad by James Burt, of
Velsen, in the Kingdom of Holland.
I, THOMAS BURT, of Northampton, in the County of Northampton,
Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THAT PORTION OF FLOATING DREDGERS USED IN LOOSENING
SAND, GRAVEL, MUD, OR OTHER MATERIAL TO BE DREDGED OR REMOVED," a
communication to him from abroad by James Burt, of Velsen, in the
Kingdom of Holland, to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to provide an improved or additional
method of arming the end of the suction pipe of my Patent dredger
(as described in the Complete or Final Specification, and shewn at G
in the Drawing annexed thereto, of a Patent granted to me on the
9th day of September, 1870, and numbered 2438). Instead of fixing
the prongs (marked h in the said Drawing) to the bottom end of the
suction pipe of the said dredger, I furnish or fit the lower end of the
said suction pipe with an outer cnvelope or pipe of iron or other suitable

page_text: material, capable of revolving thereon, and I connect the said envelope
with the shaft of the pump by suitable gearing so arranged and
adjusted as to move or work the said envelope at a speed suited to the
nature of the material to be operated upon. The exterior of the said
envelope is provided with a number of sockets or recesses cast or formed
thereon, into which sockets or recesses I insert or fix securely prongs or
other cutting or abrading instruments for operating on the material to
be dredged or removed.
In order to prevent the ingress of sand or other gritty material
between the envelope and the suction pipe, both ends of the envelope
are fitted with a water-tight packing.
AN IMPROVED CORK FASTENER AND APPARATUS OR MACHINERY FOR MAKING THE SAME
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Warburton at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with bis Petition, on the 15th
March 1872.
I, JAMES WARBURTON, of Wellington House, Wellington Street,
Bingley, in the County of York, Machine Maker, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED CORK FASTENER AND
APPARATUS OR MACHINERY FOR MAKING THE SAME," to be as follows:-
This Invention, which relates to an improved, simple, and effective cork
fastener and apparatus or machinery for making the same, consists,
firstly, of a simple contrivance to economically effect the security of
such liquids as have a tendency by their action to escape or free them-
selves from the bottles containing them. The cork fastener is made of
two parts, one being a wire which passes over the cork, and the other a
metal collar or clasp placed round the neck of the bottle, and to which
the wire is fastened at either end in such a way as to allow of its
being easily moved.
When the fastener is once applied to a bottle, it will remain whether
the bottle be empty or full, a simple moving of the wire either securing

page_text: or releasing the cork as may be required, and as this may be done for a
considerable time with the same fastener, a great saving of time, labor,
and material are effected. By the ordinary method, viz., tying or
securing the corks by string or wire, the string or wire thus used
requires to be replaced every time the bottle is emptied; hence the
continual expense of material, the loss of time, and increased labor.
Moreover the improved cork fastener supersedes the necessity of a
corkscrew, besides being a saving as regards corks.
The Invention consists, secondly, of suitable apparatus or machinery
for making the cork fasteners, which consists principally of an upright
V slide having a die fixed to it which is worked by a lever and eccentric,
and forms the upper part of the fastener, and of a second lever on the
right side of the machine, which works an eccentric acting upon another
die, which forms the two ends of the wire; and of a third lever which
moves an eccentric on the left side, and so places or changes the two
sides of the fastener from an upright to a horizontal position; also of
a right and left hand screw operated by a handle, and which forms
certain bends in the fastener, and of one or two other dies employed
during the formation of the complete fastener.
IMPROVED MEANS AND APPARATUS FOR THE BETTER PREVENTION OF ACCIDENTS IN RAILWAY TUNNELS
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Owen at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 23rd
March 1872.
I, CHARLES OWEN, of 46 & 48, City Road, London, E.C., in the
County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVED MEANS AND APPARATUS FOR THE BETTER PREVENTION OF ACCIDENTS
IN RAILWAY TUNNELS," to be as follows:-
At each end of the tunnel is fixed an electric bell, and above each line
of rails a signal. A second line of rails is laid down parallel with those
upon which the train travels, or in lieu thereof the line of rails upon
which the train travels may for the length of the tunnel be disconnected
and insulated from the earth.
The second line of rails may be composed of any metal, and are insu-
lated from the earth.
One terminal of each bell is connected together by means of copper
wire, with which copper wire is connected one pole of a voltaic battery.
The second terminal of electric bells are connected by means of one of

page_text: the second (or ordinary) line of rails, and the second terminal of battery
is connected with the other of the second (or ordinary) line of rails, so
that no current of electricity passes until metallic connection is made
with the second (or ordinary) line of rails; and this is effected by a
metal plate carrying two springs being attached to each end of the
engine or carriage and pressing upon the second (or ordinary) line of
rails.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ASPHALTE PAVEMENT AND IN APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREFOR
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Henry Nussey at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
5th February 1872.
I, GEORGE HENRY NUSSEY, of Leeds, in the County of York, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN ASPHALTE PAVEMENT AND IN APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREFOR," to be as
follows:-
:-
My Invention has for its object improvements in the construction or
formation of the surface of asphalte pavement to prevent slipping.
Instead of having the surface even or flat as at present, I mould, press,
or cut it into any suitable corrugated, indented, cross cut, or other
shape, whereby a raised or irregular surface is presented against which
horses or other beasts of burden have a better hold for their feet when
pulling or otherwise travelling over it, and are therefore less liable to
slip.
The above-described irregular surface may be formed by means of
a roller, on the periphery of which I make any required corrugated,
indented, cross cut, or other form. The impression is made on the

page_text: asphalte by passing the roller over it when the material is in a soft
state. The various surfaces may also be produced by a stamper having
on its face the desired pattern or mould.
The asphalte in the first place is laid on the ground in the ordinary
manner, and while still in a soft state the roller with the required form
on the periphery is passed over it, and thereby the desired impressions
are produced on the surface of it. The impressions may also be made
by pressure from a stamper having the desired pattern or mould on its
face. In order to prevent chipping off or breaking I make the grooves
rounded at bottom and along the edges.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR OPENING AND SHUTTING GAS VALVES AND IN LIGHTING AND EXTINGUISHING GAS LAMPS
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Ernest Ozanne at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 7th
March 1872.
I, ERNEST OZANNE, of Well Road, in the Island of Guernsey, Clerk
to the Guernsey Gas Light Company, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR OPENING AND
SHUTTING GAS VALVES AND IN LIGHTING AND EXTINGUISHING GAS LAMPS," to be
as follows:
This Invention has for its object improvements in apparatus for
opening and shutting gas valves and in lighting and extinguishing gas
lamps, and is applicable especially in connection with street lamps, so
that from a considerable distance the gas can at pleasure be turned on
or off, and a large number of lamps can be simultaneously controlled.
arrange at each lamp a mercurial regulator through which the gas has
to pass in its way to the burner, and this regulator in the ordinary way
so long as the lamp is in use causes the gas to be supplied to the burner
at. a uniform pressure whatever variations of pressure may occur in the
gas main. The regulator is also so constructed as to serve as a valve
I

page_text: for cutting off the gas. Within the regulating bell an inverted cup is
fixed surrounding the inlet passage, and when the bell is in its lowest
position the cup dips into the mercury and so stops the flow of gas.
The bell is provided with a weight, which when resting upon it depresses
it and so cuts off the supply of gas to the burner. In connection with
the weight is an electro-magnetic apparatus, the wires from which may
pass to any desired distance, and when an electric current is passed
through the wires the weight is lifted and the gas passes to the burner.
The gas may
be ignited by a small flame kept constantly burning or by
an electric spark or electrically heated wire; it is not essential that the
bell should operate as a governor. It may be employed only as a cut
off valve. I sometimes cause each apparatus in acting to complete the
electric circuit to the next lamp and so on throughout the series.
IMPROVEMENTS IN WHEELED PLOUGHS
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Noddings at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 16th
January 1872.
I, RICHARD NODDINGS, of Cowley, in the County of Oxford, Steam
Plough Proprietor, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN WHEELED PLOUGHS," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in wheeled ploughs,
and relates to ploughs supported on wheels on what is known as the
Pirie system. In such ploughs (which are usually made with two
plough bodies to turn two furrows simultaneously, I employ movable
stilts or handles connected with the beam by links, and also connected
with the land wheel and with the sole plate of the leading plough body
in such manner that by depressing the stilts, which are so fixed together
that they move simultaneously, the land wheel and the sole plate are
pressed downwards, and the plough bodies are lifted out of the land.
The stilts on the land side are jointed at their ends to the extremity of
a lever which at a point intermediate of its length turns on a joint

page_text: carried by the beam, and at the other end of the lever there is an arm
with the land wheel mounted upon it. The stilts on the other side of the
plough in the same way give motion to a lever, and from the forward end
of this lever a rod descends and is jointed to the sole plate. The sole
plate is itself jointed to the plough frame, and a side plate is formed in
one piece with it. The stilts on the land side work in a guide, and when
ploughing they rest against an adjusting screw at the top of the guide
which regulates the depth of ploughing. There is a bolt upon the stilts
which shoots into holes in the side of the guide to retain the stilts when
desired in any required position.
The leading furrow wheel of the plough is carried on a stem, which is
held in a socket on a cross bar, which itself is received into a socket
carried by the beam. These sockets admit of adjustment of the position
of the land wheel both vertically and horizontally. The socket carried
by the beam can be caused to turn on horizontal pins or axes for the
purpose of directing the implement.
It will be seen that when the socket with the cross bar passing through
it turns, the head of the furrow wheel is brought nearer to or further
from the beam, and so the direction of the beam in relation to the
furrows is altered.
The motion of the cross bar and socket is controlled by a link through
which the cross bar passes. The link is jointed to a bell-crank lover
mounted on the plough beam, and a draw bar leads back from the bell-
crank lever to the centre of the stilts, where it passes through a guide and
receives a screw nut with a handle upon it, by turning which the bar is
driven back or allowed to move forwards, and so the plough is guided.
when in its work.