matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS OR BELL ALARMS TO FACILITATE THE COM- MUNICATION BETWEEN PASSENGERS AND GUARDS OF RAILWAY TRAINS, WHICH SAID APPARATUS IS EQUALLY APPLICABLE TO APARTMENTS AND OTHER SIMILAR PURPOSES
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Ferdinand Dancart at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 27th February
1865.
I, FERDINAND DANCART, of No. 82, Boulevard Sébastopol, Paris, in the
Empire of France, and of No. 31, Charing Cross, in the County of Middle-
sex, Mechanical Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS OR BELL ALARMS TO FACILITATE THE COM-
MUNICATION BETWEEN PASSENGERS AND GUARDS OF RAILWAY TRAINS, WHICH SAID
APPARATUS IS EQUALLY APPLICABLE TO APARTMENTS AND OTHER SIMILAR PURPOSES,"
to be as follows:-
The object of my Invention is to facilitate a communication between the
passengers and guards of railway trains.
My improved apparatus, which is of simple construction, is intended to be
placed at the top of every carriage, so as to be visible to the driver of the
train, and is worked from the interior by means of cords arranged in any con-
venient position for the accommodation of the passengers, the alarm being
sufficiently loud to attract the attention of the driver, no matter at what speed
the train is going.
The following is a description of my improved apparatus, and the mode of
operating the same:-In the interior of a metal box, which may be of any
suitable shape and dimensions, is an ordinary clockwork movement, com-
municating motion to an eccentric, at one end of which a metal peg or pin is
securely fixed, working in an opening made in a balance armi to which the

page_text: hammers of the bell are attached, and acting on the peg as a lever. An
escapement lever keeps the hammers in a stationary position; they are set in
motion by pulling a cord attached to one end of the said escapement lever.
Thus, in order to start the alarm, it is simply necessary to pull the cord which
raises the opposite end of the escapement lever, this causes a detent attached
to the centre of the lever to liberate the peg of the eccentric, which being
thus freed is set in motion by the action of the spring of the clockwork acting
as usual on toothed wheels and pinions. The alarm may be stopped by pulling
another cord attached to the other end of the escapement lever, which causes
the detent to catch the peg of the eccentric, and thus arrest its motion.
This apparatus is equally applicable to apartments and other similar
purposes.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Gadd and John Moore
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on
the 16th August 1865.
We, WILLIAM GADD, of Stratford Square, Nottingham, and JOHN MOORE,
of Manchester, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING," to be as follows:-
Our improvements consist in arranging looms for weaving so that they may
produce-two or more separate-and distinct fabrics at the same time. For
this purpose looms arranged according to our Invention are provided with two
or more sets of warps, one above the other, which may be operated by the
same or by separate sets of healds so as to form two or more separate and
distinct "sheds" at the same time for the passage of the shuttles. We form
the batten with two or more shuttle races, and with two or more reeds
one above the other, according to the number of warps employed (or it
may be with one broad reed), and in place of their being only one back and.
front bar, as in the present arrangement of looms, according to our improve-
ments looms are arranged with separate back and front bars one over the
other for each set of warp threads employed. There will be separate weft
forks for each fabric being woven which may be arranged to operate upon
the same or separate stopping apparatus. The swells in each shuttle box
may either have separate stop motions or be connected to the same stop

page_text: motion. The shuttles are thrown simultaneously by the same or by separate
pickers operated by the same picking means. Looms arranged according to
our improvements may have one or more warp and work rollers.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS TO BE USED IN SWIMMING
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Clark at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 31st July
1865. A communication from abroad by Jean Baptiste Victor Chastel,
Gentleman, of 29, Boulevart St. Martin, Paris.
I, WILLIAN CLARK, of 53, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex,
Engineer and Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS TO BE USED IN SWIMMING," to be as
follows:-
This Invention relates to improvements in apparatus for facilitating pro-
gression in water, which may also be used when bathing, or as a means of
saving life.
The apparatus consists, 1st, of a sandal or sole piece; and, 2ndly, of what
may be termed a fin. These two parts may be used either separately or
together, and are attached to the foot and lower part of the leg. The sandal
is formed of wood or other light material, adapted and fitted to the foot, the
sole presenting a larger surface for acting on the water than that offered by
the foot. The fin is attached to the ankle or calf of the leg, and is formed of
a ribbed expanding surface, acting in such manner that on the leg making the
return movement the fin closes, so as to offer as little resistance as possible.
while during the progressive or propelling motion of the leg the fin is
expanded in order to act on the water and impel the swimmer forward.
One example of the apparatus is represented in the accompanying Drawing,
Fig. 1 of which shows a side view of the sandal and fin expanded; and Fig. 2,

page_text: a plan of the sandal, also with the fin expanded. It will be understood that
the swimmer is provided with such an apparatus on each foot. The sandal
may also be used to facilitate walking on the sea shore, or on the banks of
rivers, instead of the sand shoes ordinarily employed. The same letters
apply to both Figures.
a, sole of the sandal, made of any suitable light wood, and rounded in form
at the part on which the foot rests, being also so shaped as to enable the foot
to fit into it; the sole piece is slightly bent to facilitate walking, and hollowed
underneath to afford greater resistance to the water; b, straps, serving to
secure the sandal to the foot; c, fin, made of any suitable impervious material;
d, ribs or frame of whalebone or other material on which the covering is
stretched and jointed at their upper ends, in order to enable the fin to open
out or fold up against the leg; e, straps for attaching the fin to the leg. It
will be understood that the fin on each return motion folds up on the leg,
while on the contrary it expands like an umbrella, as represented in the
Drawing, and acts on the water in each progressive onward movement of the
swimmer.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SEWING MACHINES
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Winter at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with bis Petition, on the 24th February
1865.
I, WILLIAM WINTER, of Leeds, in the County of York, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN SEWING MACHINES," to
be as follows:-
My Invention has reference to the feed motions of sewing machines, and
has for its objects the simplification of such motions by direct action as well
as the obtaining at option a right or left handed "feed," that is to say,
machines made on my improved principle may have the carrying foot and
feed wheel placed on either side of the needle, subject to the nature of the
work required.
My first arrangement applied to what is known as the cylinder machine
consists in securing to the inner end of the tube covering the cylinder the feed
actuator known as the silent feed, and to the outer end of this tube the ordinary
serrated feed wheel. The actuator is operated upon in the usual manner, viz,
by a lever and cam on the main shaft. This arrangement I use when it is
desired to have the carrying foot and feed wheel on the inner side of the
needle, and is applicable to all "arm" machines as well as to the "cylinder"
machines. I thus dispense with the pinion and shaft which are now used in
the cylinder machines as intermediate between the actuator and the feed
wheel, as well as the wheel connected with the feed wheel, and which is
actuated by the pinion.

page_text: My second arrangement consists in carrying the axis of the feed right
through the centre of the arm, and upon that end near the main or driving
shaft securing the actuator, which in the previous arrangement was secured
to the tube, such actuator being operated upon as before by lever and
On the other end of the shaft I secure the feed wheel in the position
requisite for the carrying foot which is placed on the outer side of the
needle. This arrangement, like the first-named, is applicable to arm
machines.
These two arrangements might with some modifications of detail be com-
bined in one machine if desired, but I prefer to make them separate.
IMPROVE MENTS IN FURNACES
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles de Bergue at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 27th January
1865.
I, CHARLES DE BERGUE, of No. 10, Strand, in the City of Westminster,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE
MENTS IN FURNACES," to be as follows:-
When great intensity or volume of heat is required in an ordinary rever-
beratory furnace no difficulty is experienced in increasing the size of the fuel
chambers in accordance with the size of the grate bar surface, but furnaces
with fuel chambers without grate bars, and having a down draught, do not so
readily admit of the required increase, on account of the span or extent of the
bridge creating a practical difficulty, if not an impossibility, of constructing
them to withstand the intensity of the heat, and by the too great expense for
repairs and maintenance, the more so as experience has shewn that, having
regard to economy of fuel and the production of a large volume of heat of
great intensity, there is a practical or advantageous limit to the length through
the fuel chamber, that is to say, in the direction or course from the front
towards the bridge, and that the volume should be obtained by increasing the
frontage or width of such fuel chambers, and consequently of the span or extent
of the roof bridge.
The present Invention, which is intended to apply to puddling, heating,
melting, smelting, and other furnaces, and to large or very long furnaces for

page_text: heating or other purposes, has for its object the so constructing furnaces with
fuel chambers of the description stated as to overcome this difficulty, and
consists in constructing furnaces with two or more of the above descriptions
of fuel chambers, each with a moderate span or extent of roof bridge adapted
to the same operating chamber, and in so arranging and distributing the
separate fuel chambers around or partly around the operating chamber, or (in
the case of very long heating furnaces, for bars or tubes of iron to be welded,
or for other purposes) along either or both sides of the operating chamber, so
as the more uniformly, and consequently economically, to distribute or diffuse
the heat over or throughout the extent of the operating chamber.
Also the Invention comprises the construction of the said roof bridges of
these fuel chambers of or with hollow fire-clay tubes of suitable shape, arranged
to admit a circulation of cold air to increase the durability under intense heat,
and the construction of the part or parts of the furnace situate about or at the
roof bridge or bridges of the fuel chambers, so that when burnt or destroyed,
the said roof bridge or bridges may be readily replaced.
AN IMPROVED NUMERICAL REGISTERING MACHINE
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel Buxton at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 5th August
1865.
I, SAMUEL BUXTON, of Leeds, in the County of York, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED NUMERICAL REGISTERING
MACHINE," to be as follows:-
The object of my Invention is to register the number of passengers in and
upon omnibuses, passengers in cabs, coaches, and hansoms, persons passing
through toll gates, horses passing through the same, also the "strokes of
engines, and other purposes where it is desired to register the numbers.
Taking an omnibus, for instance, I make the second step (going inside) to
rest upon a spring and to yield upon pressure being applied by the foot. In
so yielding it depresses a vertical lever connected to it, which in turn is con-
nected at its upper end with a horizontal lever working upon a fulcrum in a
framework. Near to the outer end of this second lever I connect a short
one, the lower end of which rests in the teeth of a ratchet wheel working in
the before-named framework, and having a pinion wheel on its axis. This
pinion gears into a spur wheel, the shaft of which has also a pinion which
gears into another spur wheel. Each shaft has a dial plate, having numbers
marked upon it, and the speeds I arrange so that ten revolutions of the first
dial handle cause one of the second, and so on between second and third.
Every depression of the step causes the ratchet wheel to move by means of
intermediate levers, and thus to actuate the pinions and spur wheels before-

page_text: named. One passenger, however, treading twice upon the stop, viz., once on
entering and again on leaving it will be necessary to take one-half the
indicated number. A similar arrangement is used for the outside steps, the
same being connected to the index frame and having special dial plates if
desired.
I also apply the afore-named apparatus to cabs, and toll gates, engines, and
other purposes when a numerical register is required.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LAMPS FOR BURNING THE VAPOUR OF VOLATILE FLUIDS
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Clowes Bayley and Daniel
Campbell at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 6th January 1865.
We, JOHN CLOWES BAYLEY, Steel and Iron Manufacturer, of 1, Park Place
Villas, Maida Hill West, in the County of Middlesex, and DANIEL CAMPBELL,
Engineer, of Plumstead, in the County of Kent, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN LAMPS FOR BURNING THE VAPOUR
OF VOLATILE FLUIDS," to be as follows:-
Firstly, our Invention consists in the application of a current of air for the
purpose of keeping the fluid in the burner tube and reservoir of the lamp
cool, thereby insuring perfect safety from explosion by overheating. This
we effect by the following methods:-1st. One method is by passing an air
tube through the fluid in the reservoir and burner tube, which air tube is
open to the atmosphere under the reservoir, thus causing a current of air to
pass through the fluid and through an opening at the top of the burner; or,
if preferred, through perforations in the vicinity of the flame. The said air
tube to be connected with and to form part of the reservoir, and to extend
above the natural level of the fluid in the reservoir. The burner which in
this instance is formed of a double tube with an intervening space sufficient
to admit a wick or other medium of capilliary attraction to extend from the
bottom of the reservoir to nearly the top of the burner, which is perforated
around the exterior tube with a number of apertures, according to the amount
of light required. 2nd. Another method of applying our Invention is, by

page_text: forming the burner of one tube closed at the top, and perforated, as in the
foregoing example, the said tube to extend upwards from near the bottom of
the reservoir to any convenient height. The wick or equivalent conductor
(which is used in both instances to convey the fluid to the vicinity of the
flame) passes up the centre of the burner tube from the bottom of the
reservoir. In this latter method we apply a jacket over the burner tube,
which extends from the vicinity of the flame to any convenient distance
below, leaving a space between the jacket and burner tube, the said jacket
being open at the bottom to the atmosphere, and perforated or open at the top,
allowing a free current of air to pass along and around the burner tube, thus
preventing the heat from descending into the reservoir.
Secondly, our Invention consists in a method of regulating the amount of
light, which we do in the first arrangement by a cover fitting closely over the
outer surface of the burner, and which contains holes or projections, so
arranged that by shifting the said cover or regulator, more or less, one or
more of the apertures may be closed. The cover or regulator referred to may
in the second arrangement either form part of the said jacket, or be fitted
independently.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ELECTRIC CONDUCTORS INSULATED WITH INDIA-RUBBER
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Hugh Adams Silver at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 27th
December 1865.
I, HUGH ADAMS SILVER, of Silvertown, in the County of Essex,
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ELECTRIC CONDUCTORS INSULATED WITH
INDIA-RUBBER," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in manufacturing electric conductors insulated
with india-rubber in the following manner:-1 first cover the conducting
wire or wires with pure india-rubber; I then cover this pure india-rubber
with india-rubber compound prepared for vulcanization. I place the wire
so covered in a semicircular mould, and place a corresponding semicircular
mould I upon it, and I submit it to the action of heat in a press provided
with upper and lower steam chambers. The covered wire is submitted to
the action of the press in lengths of, say, ten feet, more or less, and for a
time varying from 10 to 20 minutes, more or less, according to the extent
of vulcanization required; and when one length has been operated upon I
draw it through so as to bring the next length under operation. The
conductor thus formed may be covered or not in any ordinary manner for
protecting the india-rubber.
IMPROVEMENTS IN WATERPROOF AND OTHER COATS AND CAPES
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Désiré Barge and Alex-
andre Hermant at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 18th February 1865.
We, CHARLES DÉSIRÉ BARGE and ALEXANDRE HERMANT, of Rue de la Paix,
Paris, in the Empire of France, Tailors, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN WATERPROOF AND OTHER COATS AND CAPES,"
to be as follows:-
Our improvements relate in one respect principally to coats or capes for
riding on horseback, and consist in attaching an inner piece or skirt to the
front parts of the skirt from the bottom up to about the waist. These pieces.
extend backwards, and are narrowed and otherwise shaped and adapted to.
the position, and terminate in a button or other fixing, which holds the back.
end up. In riding these inner parts or skirts are inside or between the legs of
the wearer, which are thus kept covered and protected from the weather..
In adapting this coat for riding when on, it is simply necessary to unbutton.
the back end of the flaps or skirts, pass them between the legs and button
them again in position. In putting it on, the legs may be put through
instead of unbuttoning as before. This coat, which may be made of any.
material, is equally well adapted for walking, in which case it is unnecessary
to enclose the legs between the inner and outer skirts.
The second part of our improvements consists in adapting the collars of
coats to receive a hood, which may be worn over the head at pleasure, or
tücked within the collar. For this purpose I prefer to make the collar of thin

page_text: material, and double, with loops and buttons along the lower edge. I make the
hood by preference of thin waterproof material attached to the collar, and with
an elastic band round the front, so as to expand and contract it to any size
required. The double thickness of the collar may be stitched together or
buttoned down at the ends. When the hood is collapsed it is disposed
between the two thicknesses of the collar and the outer thickness buttoned
down so as to compress and keep it tight. The collar then forms a kind of
flat roll-like collar, while the hood itself is invisible.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BREECH- LOADING FIRE-ARMS, AND IN REVOLVING FIRE-ARKS, AND IN CARTRIDGES
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas William Webley at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 4th
August 1865.
1, THOMAS WILLIAM WEBLEY, of the Firm of Philip Webley and Sons, of
Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Gun Manufacturers, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN BREECH-
LOADING FIRE-ARMS, AND IN REVOLVING FIRE-ARKS, AND IN CARTRIDGES," to
be as follows
My improvements in breech-loading fire-arms consist in making fire-arms of
the kind commonly called drop-down guns capable of discharging both ordinary
pin cartridges and central fire cartridges. The said improvements consist in
making the head of the hammer of the ordinary form for discharging pin
cartridges, and making a projection on that part of the hammer called the
breast, which projection on the fall of the hammer strikes against a stiker
passing obliquely through the face of the break off. When the gun is charged
with a central fire cartiidge the said striker discharges it. O instead of making
the breast of the hammer strike upon the striker for discharging the central
fire cartridge, the breast of the tumbler of the lock may be made to act on the
said striker.
My improvements in revolving fire-arms consist in making the said fire-
arms capable of discharging central fire cartridges. For this purpose I shorten
the hammer and cause it to strike against the centre of the cartridge, instead
of on the edge or top of the cartridge as usual
My improvements in cartridges consist in making central fire cartridges

page_text: with a pin, which I call a dummy pin, having the position of the pin in the
ordinary pin cartridge. The said dummy pin has no connection with the per-
cussion powder in the cartridge, and is in no way concerned in the discharge
of the cartridge, but serves as the means of withdrawing the discharged
cartridge case, and also indicates when the gun is charged ready for firing.
A NEW OR IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR SUPPORTING AND STEADYING THE ARM IN RIFLE SHOOTING
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Jean Baptist Hausman at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 8th
April 1865.
I, JEAN BAPTIST HAUSMAN, of St. Pancras, in the County of Middlesex, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "A NEW OR IMPROVED
APPARATUS FOR SUPPORTING AND STEADYING THE ARM IN RIFLE SHOOTING," to bo
as follows:
My Invention consists in a leather strap or band of metal fastened with a
strap and buckle to the left leg of the person shooting, it may be fastened
either above or below the knee, and is furnished with a socket of steel, iron,
leather, or any other suitable material, for the purpose of receiving the end of
a hollow tube of iron, steel, or tin, in which slides a graduated rod of iron or
steel, so as to be adjusted to any required height, and which may be retained
in position by a spring working into graduated cuts, or the tubo may have a
slit down the side with side cuts for the reception of a stud on the sliding rod,
or the iron or steel rod may be adjusted to the required height by being made
to screw up and down in the tube, or by other means and appliances. The
top of the aforesaid sliding rod is furnished with a semicircular piece in which
the arm of the shooter may rest, or it may be made to grasp a ring which is
rivetted to a solid piece of leather or metal, or other material, which is
fastened round the arm with a strap and buckle. When not in use the sliding
rod is pushed to the bottom of the tube, which may then be either slung to a
belt or strapped to the arm.
AN IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR COOKING, A PORTION OF THE SAME BEING APPLICABLE FOR WASHING AND IRONING
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Wapshare at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents,, with his Petition, on the 22nd July
1865.
I, WILLIAM WAPSHARE, of Salisbury, in the County of Wilts, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED APPARATUS
FOR COOKING, A PORTION OF THE SAME BEING APPLICABLE FOR WASHING AND
IRONING," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists of an apparatus for cooking, the exterior is made
of iron, or partly of iron and partly of brick. The fire-place is fitted with
lumps of iron to contract the fire-place and convey the heat to the different
ovens, which may be in any number from one to six according to the size of
the apparatus. The cooking in the ovens is done by a rotary motion by a
spring or veravolver attached to the back of the apparatus, and connected by
chains or cords, and wheels and spindles, to an iron frame inside the oven,
working freely on a centre, to which the joints of meat or other article to be
cooked are suspended. If convenient a smoke jack will answer the same
purpose of a veravolver or spring; or these apparatuses may be dispensed
with, and the joints or articles to be cooked may be turned by hand. The
iron frame is fitted with a dripping pan and shifting shelves for pantry, bread,
or other dishes. The apparatus may be so constructed that some of the
ovens are placed at the top and some at the bottom. The top plate of the
apparatus is provided with openings for several saucepans or cooking utensils.
That portion of the said top plate which is over the fire may be removed, and

page_text: a tray about two inches deep made to fit the opening allowed to drop down
on to the fire, which would make an ironing stove for heating irons. In the
same manner a vessel for washing made of the size required to hold, say,
twenty gallons of water, may be made to fit and drop into the opening as
above. It may be made to extend over each side to any distance so as to get
the full heat of the fire.
The accompanying Drawing shews an elevation of the apparatus, in which
A is the fire-place, closed by the door B; C, C, C, is the top plate, referred to
above, between the upper and lower portions of the apparatus, it being under-
stood that the upper portion stands farther back than the lower, allowing said
top plate to be used for kettles, pots, and pans; D, D, D, D, are the doors of
four ovens, the lower two being chiefly fitted for roasting, by means of a
revolving shelf inside driven by mechanism connected with a vera volver,
smoke jack, or other revolving apparatus denoted by F; E is a tap to a hot-
water cistern running at the back of the fire-place and lower portion of the
apparatus. The centre portion of the top plate C may be removed, and the
tray above mentioned allowed to drop on to the fire as described. The vessel
for washing would be fitted in a similar manner, but would extend farther to
each side.
IMPROVEMENTS IN COMMUNICATING ROTARY MOTION WHEN EITHER THE GIVER OR RECEIVER OF SUCH MOTION IS IN A STATE OF VIBRATION OR OSCILLATION, OR BOTH VIBRATION AND OSCILLATION TOGETHER
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Peter Gaskell at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 29th November 1865.
I, PETER GASKELL, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN COMMUNICATING
ROTARY MOTION WHEN EITHER THE GIVER OR RECEIVER OF SUCH MOTION IS IN A
STATE OF VIBRATION OR OSCILLATION, OR BOTH VIBRATION AND OSCILLATION TOGETHER,"
to be as follows:-
"
For this purpose I insert between the driver and the driven object a spring
made in such wise as to allow the said objects being brought nearer or
further apart and of taking any required angle to each other while rotary
motion is proceeding from one to the other, for this purpose I make the spring
in a coil, cone, helical, or other shape and of steel or other suitable material.
IMPROVED MEANS OF PREVENTING WATER PIPES FROM BURSTING
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Longdon M°Murdo Rogers at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 1st
December 1865.-A communication from abroad by John Bevan, of the
City of New York, in the United States of America..
I, LONGDON MCMURDO ROGERS, of Bouverie Street, Fleet Street, in the
City of London, Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVED MEANS OF PREVENTING WATER PIPES FROM BURSTING," to be as
follows:-
The object of this Invention is to prevent the bursting of water pipes by
any increase of pressure produced either by the expansion of the water in
freezing or by the sudden cutting off the flow of water, which produces what
may be termed the hydraulic throb.
The Invention consists in placing an elastic or flexible, compressible, and
water-tight hollow ball within a suitable chamber provided in the pipe near
and in communication with the faucet whence the water is drawn off. It also
consists in placing directly within the service pipe an elastic or flexible, com-
pressible, and waterproof closed tube, which tube should extend through the
whole length of that portion of the service pipe which is exposed to the action
of frost. It further consists in the employment, in connection with the afore-
said tube, of an air chamber, which may be varied in capacity as may be
desired, according to the hydrostatic pressure of the water in the pipes.
Both the tube and the ball may be made of india-rubber or gutta percha, and
strong enough to resist the pressure due to the head of water, and they should
contain nothing but air.

page_text: In case of any increase of pressure of the water in the pipe produced by
sudden closing of the faucet, either the ball or the tube will be compressed and
the pipe will thus be relieved from the effect of such increase of pressure and
prevented from bursting. In some cases where increase of pressure from
this cause alone is to be guarded against, either the ball or the tube alone
might be made large enough to constitute a sufficient safeguard, but for pipes
subjected to the pressure of a very high head of water, or to the throb and to
freezing, the two in combination are preferred. To prevent the collapse of
the elastic tube under very high pressure it is desirable to have a pressure
of air within the tube greater than that of the atmosphere. To this end the
tube is brought into connection with an air chamber (outside the pipe) into
which a portion of the air driven from the tube by the pressure of the
water on its exterior may be received. The capacity of the air chamber is
made variable so as to provide for varying pressures in the pipe by forming
the cover with elastic vulcanized india-rubber, over which is placed a system
of telescopic tubes for the purpose of pressing down, by the aid of an adjusting
screw, the india-rubber cover into the chamber to a greater or less extent, and
thereby altering the receiving capacity of the air chamber.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN APPARATUS FOR DISTILLING OILS AND CONDENSING OILY VAPOURS
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Newton Bennie at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 2nd
December 1865,
I, THOMAS NEWTON BENNIE, of Govan, in the County of Lanark,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN APPARATUS FOR DISTILLING OILS AND CONDENSING OILY VAPOURS," to be
as follows:-
The first part of my Invention relates to the construction of apparatus or
retorts for distilling oil from shale and other substances. My apparatus
consists of a pan provided with a cover, through a gland in which the shaft of
an agitator passes. The agitator is caused to rotate by any suitable gearing,
and is composed of claws or forks touching the bottom of the pan, or
nearly so, and which as the agitator revolves act upon and turn over the
shale or other substance contained in the pan, whereby fresh portions of
the shale are submitted to the action of the heat, which is applied beneath
the pan. The pan is provided with doors for charging and discharging, and
with an outlet in the cover for carrying off the vapors to a condenser.
My Invention relates, secondly, to the construction of condensers for
condensing oily vapors evolved from retorts or distilling apparatus. I place
a tauk or cistern of cast iron or other material upon which the oily vapors do
not act very injuriously at a convenient distance from the back end of a retort.

page_text: At one side of this tank I fit a box, into which the pipe or pipes from one or
more retorts is or are received. I prefer that these pipes should be
tapered, the small end being towards the retort. I adopt any convenient
arrangement by which one or more of the retorts may be made to discharge
their vapors, or all be entirely shut off as desired. The tank is formed with
an opening to communicate with the box, so that the oily vapors are free to
pass into the tank and into vertical or inclined tubes fitted to a plate on the
top of the tank. The lower ends of these tubes are open to the tank, while
their opposite ends communicate with a chamber which receives any permanent
uncondensable gas that may have been generated in the retort; this gas may
be conveyed to a gasholder for use as required. The oily vapors are condensed
in the tubes, and are run off by opening a cock fitted to the bottom of the
tank. The tank is provided with a man hole for examination and cleaning
when required. A steam pipe is fitted to the chamber which receives the
permanent gases, by means of which pipe steam can be injected to melt any
paraffin adhering to the sides of the tubes or to cause an upward draught
if required. The chamber is also provided with a valve. In my arrangement
for condensing oily vapors the vapors continually rise to a higher level from
the time they issue from the retort until they become condensed, whereby
they have free passage from the retort to the condenser, and the con-
version of a portion of the vapors into gases by too long exposure to heat is
avoided.
IMPROVEMENTS. IN THE CON- STRUCTION OF SUBMARINE TELEGRAPH CABLES
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henri Adrien Bonneville at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 3rd
October 1865. Communicated from Claude Ernest Lami de Nozan,
Engineer, residing at Rue Notre Dame de Lorette, Paris, in the Empire:
of France.
I, HENRI ADRIEN BONNEVILLE, of the British and Foreign Patent Offices,
24, Rue du Mont Thabor, Paris, in the Empire of France, and 38, Porchester,
Terrace, Bayswater, in the County of Middlesex, Patent Agent, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS. IN THE CON-
STRUCTION OF SUBMARINE TELEGRAPH CABLES," communicated to me by Claude
Ernest Lami de Nozan, Engineer, a person residing at Rue Notre Dame de
Lorette, Paris, in the Empire of France, aforesaid, to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to an improved construction of submarine telegraph
cables with a view to their better preservation and protection from injury.
It consists, firstly, in covering or surrounding the conducting wire or wires
with a tube or envelope of tin or other suitable and analagous metal before
placing the hemp, tow, or other outside covering and the iron or steel shielding

page_text: which protects the whole; and, secondly, in interposing between the gutta
percha which surrounds the conducting wire or wires and the metal tube, a
twisted or plaited layer of asbestos intended for protecting the insulating
matter in case of it being necessary to solder the metal tube or envelope.
IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR EFFECTING A COMMUNICATION BETWEEN THE PASSENGERS OF A RAILWAY TRAIN AND THE GUARD OR DRIVER, OR BOTH
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Birt at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 22nd November
1865.
I, WILLIAM BIRT, of West Ham, in the County of Essex, Gentleman,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVED APPARATUS
FOR EFFECTING A COMMUNICATION BETWEEN THE PASSENGERS OF A RAILWAY TRAIN
AND THE GUARD OR DRIVER, OR BOTH," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object to produce in a cheap and easy manner
a means of communication between the passengers and the guard or driver,
or both, of a railway train.
To this end a cord formed by preference of catgut is extended from
end to end of the train of carriages, and is passed through eyes provided
with a knife or knives, one or both of which are moveable and are con-
nected to a cord provided with a tassel or handle, which hangs down inside
the vehicle. One end of the long length of catgut is secured to the first
carriage in the train or to the engine, and from the other end, in the guard's
van, is suspended a weight which keeps the catgut in tension; this weight
is suspended above a gong, drum, or other analogous article, on to which
it will fall when the catgut is severed, and thus produce a loud sound,
which will attract the attention of the guard of the train.
If desired a weight may be suspended from each end of the catgut, so
that when the latter is severed a loud signal will be produced at each end
of the train.

page_text: The catgut is severed by means of the moveable knife or knives or
cutting edges, which are held back by a spring bolt, and when the latter is
withdrawn upon any of the passengers pulling the cord in the carriage, the
knife will be forced down by a spring and made to sever the catgut and
let the weights fall on to the gongs or drums. The motion of drawing
back the locking bolt also draws back a partition and allows a flag or other
visible signal to project from the carriage and thus indicate the compartment
from which the signal was made.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF FURNACES AND BOILERS FOR THE CON- SUMPTION OF SMOKE
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Matthews, Henry Booth'
Southwick, and John Fereday at the Office of the Commissioners of
Patents, with their Petition, on the 24th October 1865.
We, CHARLES MATTHEWS and HENRY BOOTH SOUTHWICK, of Wolverhampton,
in the County of Stafford, Iron Merchants, and JOHN FEREDAY, of the same
Place, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF FURNACES AND BOILERS FOR THE CON-
SUMPTION OF SMOKE," to be as follows, that is to say :-
This Invention consists in constructing furnaces for steam boilers and for
other purposes with a bridge flue and a series of traversing flues, partly open
and partly capable of being closed by dampers; in the damper flues the smoke
is retained until burnt by the flame which traverses the open flues; this we
effect in the following manner: The first take-up flue is over the centre of
the bridge; this traverses to the end of the furnace, at which point there is a
draught hole meeting the flame; it then returns and comes down one side,
then passes transversely through the double bridge, and ascends the other side
of the furnace into the stack: The damper flues are built one over each of
the open flues; these damper flues retain the smoke, whilst the draught draws
the flame along the open flues; all these flues travel some under, some along-
side the boiler, and meeting at the hollow bridge, the flame meets the smoke
and thus consumes it, any incombustible produet passing up the stack, the
top of the hollow bridge is covered with open laid brickwork to allow the
flame from the fire to act upon the smoke flue. There will require to be a

page_text: soot door in front near the bridge for the purpose of clearing out the bridge.
By the employment of a furnace thus constructed we not only consume the
smoke but manufacture breezes most economically, for it enables us, after
throwing in the slack, to employ refuse ashes from other fires upon the top of
the slack, thus reducing the slack to breezes, and providing heat by the com-
bustion of the smoke, which heat may be employed under boilers or in any
other manner required; or we can employ a retort with a smoke jacket
surrounding it, placed within a tubular or other shaped boiler, and a series of
bridges and traversing flues under and alongside the boiler, so that the smoke
travelling through the jacket around the retort meets the flame at its descent
into the flue under the centre of the boiler, and the traversing flues running
alternately under the centre of the boiler and alongside the boiler at a higher
level. The flame meets the smoke at each one of the series of bridges, and is
thus consumed before reaching the stack. The retort not only has the effect
of consuming the smoke, but it also disperses the heat more equally over the
surface of the inner tube of the boiler. This last-described plan may be
carried out in brickwork, fire-clay, fire-clay retorts, or iron.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS TO FACILITATE DENTAL OPERATIONS
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Donald Napier at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 13th
March 1865.
I, WILLIAM DONALD NAPIER, of 22, George Street, Hanover Square, in the
County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS TO FACILITATE DENTAL OPERATIONS," to be as
follows:
This Invention has for its object improvements in apparatus to facilitate
dental operations. In the process of stopping teeth with gold or other material
the greatest difficulty the dentist has to contend with is the accumulation of
saliva which takes place in the mouth, for it is well known that a tooth cannot
be satisfactorily stopped unless the cavity as well as the material employed to
stop it be kept dry. The plan usually practised by dentists is to insert small
napkins in the mouth in order to absorb the moisture, which mode of treat-
ment, although the best means hitherto resorted to has its drawbacks by reason
of their tending to increase the action of the salivary glands and so neces-
sitating their constant removal; the napkins have also heretofore been much
in the way of the operator.
Now my Invention consists in the construction and use of apparatus by the
employment of which the saliva is caused to flow away from the mouth as
quickly as it is secreted. For these purposes a tubular or hollow frame consist-

page_text: ing of two hollow branches is introduced into the mouth and is retained in
position by the lip of the patient. The stem of this frame is connected to one
end of a flexible tube, by preference of vulcanized india-rubber, whilst the other
end is connected to a short tube which descends through a stopper of a bottle
or small vessel, so that the saliva as it flows from the mouth through the ducts
or passages in the frame passes down the flexible tube into the bottle or vessel
with which the tube is connected. The bottle or vessel is kept partially
exhausted by a suitable pump connected therewith, by preference by a flexible
tube; it is preferred that the pump should consist of a flexible hollow spherical
or other shaped vessel provided with two valves, one opening inwards and the
other outwards. By means of such or other suitable pump or exhausting
apparatus the air is removed from the bottle or vessel, and consequently the
saliva is caused to flow away from the mouth both exterior and interior of the
gums, and it is preferred that the arrangement of the apparatus should be
such as to admit of the patient working the pump. When using the apparatus
the suction end of the tube is to be introduced on the opposite side of the
mouth to that on which the tooth to be stopped is situated and as much out
of the way of the operator as may be, the pump is to be kept in action to
keep up the requisite exhaustion. It should be stated that it is not essential
that there should be an exhausted vessel or receiver introduced between the
pump and the suction tube, as the saliva may be allowed to pass into the
flexible elastic pump and be ejected therefrom.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SKATES
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Wilhelm Bever at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 28th June 1865.-A
communication from August Müller, residing at Schwelm, in the Kingdom
of Prussia..
I, WILHELM BEVER, of the Firm of Bever and Klophaus, Hardware
Merchants, of Schwelm, in the Kingdom of Prussia, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN SKATES," (communicated
to me by August Müller, residing at Schwelm, aforesaid) to be as follows,
that is to say:-
This Invention consists in making skates adjustable in a simple and
convenient manner. The improved skate is provided with a heel seat to fit.
the heel of the wearer's boot, and with a toe socket made to slightly overlap.
the toe of the boot so as to catch firmly upon it. In one modification the
toe socket is made adjustable, being set upon a plate and being "formed with.
a projecting piece which passes downwards through a slot in this plate. The
projecting piece is tapped for a screw,, which is formed with a head projecting.
slightly at the heel where it can be conveniently turned to adjust the toe
socket nearer to or further from the heel seat. If preferred,, the heel seat
may be made the movable part, or both the heel and toe pieces may be movable,.
being in the latter case adjusted by reversed screws on the same spindle.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR PAYING-OUT AND FOR RAISING ELECTRIC TELEGRAPH CABLES IN DEEP WATERS
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Tidman at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 23rd March
1865.
I, ROBERT TIDMAN, of Jermyn Street, in the County of Middlesex, Engineer,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR PAYING-OUT AND FOR RAISING ELECTRIC TELEGRAPH
CABLES IN DEEP WATERS," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in employing a raft or floating platform constructed
with divisions or wells on the under surface, in order to give great buoyancy in
the water. To this raft or floating platform I attach lee boards to steady it,
which lee boards also act as a helm to steer the raft. I also construct and
connect to the floating platform, by chains or other means, a lighter raft or a
series of lighter rafts or sea cradles coupled by chains or otherwise, to which
are attached lee boards and furnished with horizontal rollers, over which the
cable passes on its way to the sea, and also with rack pulleys to keep the cable
central. These lighter rafts or sea cradles are used only for paying out cables,
being unnecessary when cables have to be raised. The cable to be payed out
has one end fastened to and is then coiled upon the principal raft or floating
platform, and then a casing is built over it. In the top of this casing rollers
are placed, between which the end of the cable passes out on to and over the
rollers of the lighter rafts or sea cradles, on which rafts are also guide rollers
to prevent the cable leaving them. The principal raft is towed by a steamer.

page_text: or steamers, and the cable runs freely out of the casing and over the roller
rafts into the sea; the light rafts trailing behind the principal raft will readily
sink to a certain extent should any sudden or great strain tend to come upon
the cable, and the strain being thus at once yielded to the cable cannot by any
possibility be injured. To raise cables previously sunk it is only necessary to
fix a steam engine upon the principal raft or floating platform, and wind the
cable up in the opposite direction to that in which cables are payed out from
the same.