matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVED STEAM GENERATORS NOT LIABLE TO BURSTING
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Philippe Grimaldi at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 4th January
1860.
I, PHILIPPE GRIMALDI, of Teramo, in the Kingdom of Naples, now No. 60,
Boulevart de Strasbourg, Paris, Physician, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVED STEAM GENERATORS NOT LIABLE TO BURSTING," to
be as follows:-
The said boilers do not generate steam in the interior, insomuch as they
are always quite filled with water, they are entirely closed and thick enough to
resist the pressure of steam due to the degree to which the liquid is raised.
They are provided with a safety apparatus composed of a large cast-iron
cylinder, which penetrates downwards through a hole in the top of the boiler,
and which is fitted with a stuffing box. The said cylinder, which is perforated
lengthways with a central hole closed by means of a stop-cock, has half of its
length plunged in the water upon which it bears. If the water supplied by
the feed pump increases within the boiler, the cylinder rises up until all its
immersed portion is out, when the cock opens by the action of a small lever
which catches a stop, then the surplus water flows out, and the cylinder moves
down by reason of its own weight, until the lever catches another stop, which
causes the cock to shut. This generator is of a cylindrical form, and of an
analogous disposition to the boiler of a locomotive, having like it an internal
furnace composed of two rectangular chambers, the space between them being

page_text: filled with water; it may be fitted in masonry, and is provided with two flues
which run through its whole length; the said flues or pipes open in a transverse
receiving chamber of the smoke box, which conveys the heated gases into two
flues running lengthways along the outside of the boiler, and communicating
with the chimney, thereby increasing considerably the heating surface.
Lastly, there are two feed pumps; one fixed within the boiler forces the
water of the said boiler into a vaporising tube, which divides itself into four
branches, two of which run in each one of the internal flues, and open in a
common receiving pipe, which conveys the steam to the cylinder of the machine.
The other pump is placed outside of the boiler, and serves to supply this boiler
with a quantity of water equivalent to that which the first one discharges into
the vaporising tubes; both pumps are actuated by a same mechanical organ
driven by the machine; they can be regulated at once either by hand or by an
automatic regulator, so as to have their production at any time suitable to the
work and need of the machine.
IMPROVED SEATS FOR THEATRES OR OTHER PUBLIC BUILDINGS
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Chandler and Amis
Hempson at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 29th August 1860.
We, HENRY CHANDLER, of Clements Inn Passage, in the County of Mid-
dlesex, Upholder, and AMIS HEMPSON, of Southampton Buildings, in the
same County, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVED SEATS FOR THEATRES OR OTHER PUBLIC BUILDINGS," to be as
follows:-
The principal object of our Invention is to facilitate the passage of spectators
between the rows of seats in the pits of theatres or in other places where long
rows of benches or seats are required. For this purpose, we propose to take
as many standards as may be required, say, for a sitting of thirty feet twenty
uprights; these we propose to cast in metal of such form as to enable them to
support the seats, and project at less than half the projection of the latter,
and also to make them of sufficient height to carry a back rail, to be held in
position by screws through the tops of the standards. At the proper height,..
say about sixteen inches from the floor, a hole is to be left in each standard,
and under the seats, each of which may be about eighteen inches by twelve,
are two bolt holders. After the standards are fixed, a rod will pass from one
end of the seating to the other through the bolt holders, securing the whole in
position. When the sitters are required to make way, the seat is to be raised,
and the occupant occupies its place; as the projection of the standard is not

page_text: greater than the knee of a man standing, 'an easy passage is effected. The
foot of the standard can be cast according to the rake of the pit, and the
fastening to the floor may either be temporary (to allow of quick removal of
the seatings) or permanent. Instead of atrod or bolt passing under and
through all the seats, each may be secured separately, if desired, by any of
the usual contrivances.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BRICK-MAKING MACHINES
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Brown and Charles Neale
May at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition,
on the 11th May 1860.
We, WILLIAM BROWN & CHARLES NEALE MAY, both of Devizes, in the
County of Wilts, Engineers, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN BRICK-MAKING MACHINES," to be as follows:-
Our Invention relates to improvements in machines for making bricks,
acting on the principle & in the manner of machines patented by Mr. Joseph
Pimlott Oates, dated 9 October 1851, No. 18,769, 6 April 1852, No. 14,054,
& the 15 March 1854, No. 619, & consists, first, in the application of a slot
link on the die box in which one end of the connecting rod works, whereby
intervals of rest are obtained for the die during which the moulds are filled
& emptied.
2ndly, the application of a crank to work the mould box instead of the
cam motion hitherto used, according to the Specifications of Patents above
mentioned.
3rdly, the application of a worm & wheel to work the endless band shaft
for bringing out the moulded bricks.
4thly, the application of one double-motion cam and weigh bar or beam
for working the pistons which push the bricks out of the moulds.
5thly, casting the clay-compressing screw or worm of hard white iron, with
awrought-iron pin or dowel in it, by which it is connected to the main shaft.
6thly, making the whole machine self-contained, and mounting it on carriage
wheels to render it portable.
IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR PREVENTING A DOWNWARD DRAUGHT OF AIR IN CHIMNEYS AND FOR CAUSING THE SMOKE TO ASCEND, APPLICABLE ALSO FOR THE PURPOSES OF VENTILATION
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Taylor at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 1st May
1860.
I, JAMES TAYLOR, of Artillery Lane, Bishopsgate Street Without, in
County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR PREVENTING A DOWNWARD DRAUGHT OF AIR IN CHIMNEYS
AND FOR CAUSING THE SMOKE TO ASCEND, APPLICABLE ALSO FOR THE PURPOSES OF
VENTILATION," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists of an apparatus composed of two or more tubes or
pipes placed over and around each other so as to leave a space around and
between each, or it may be applied to an ordinary chimney pot, the intention
being to create a draught or current of air around the chimney pot or central
tube or conduit for air or smoke, and by these means to cause an upward
draught through said tube or conduit. The aforesaid tubes, pipes, or conduits
may be of any desired shape and height, and may be formed of different lengths,
that is to say, the second tube may be shorter than the first, the third shorter
than the second, and so on according to the number employed, the bottom edge
of each tube or conduit being fixed several inches above its inner adjoining tube
or conduit, forming as it were steps; the bottom of each is to be fitted with an
adjustable sliding piece for regulating the quantity of air passing between the
space of cach tube.
This apparatus when intended for chimneys may be placed either at the top,

page_text: the bottom, or any intermediate part of the interior of the chimney, and if
necessary may be surmounted by a cap or cover fixed a short distance from the
top of the series of tubes or conduits, the upper ends of each of such tubes or
conduits being left open for the free passage of air. An apparatus thus
constructed forms an excellent ventilator.
IMPROVED MACHINERY FOR KNEADING OR PREPARING CLAY FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF BRICKS OR OTHER ARTICLES MADE FROM PLASTIC MATERIALS
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Edward Newton at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 2nd*
June 1860. A communication from abroad by Claus H. Clausen, of
Broager, in the Kingdom of Denmark.
I, WILLIAM EDWARD NEWTON, of the Office of Patents, 66, Chancery Lane,
in the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVED MACHINERY FOR KNEADING OR PREPARING
CLAY FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF BRICKS OR OTHER ARTICLES MADE FROM PLASTIC
MATERIALS," to be as follows:—
This Invention of "Improved Machinery for Kneading or Preparing Clay
for the Manufacture of Bricks or other Articles made from Plastic Materials,"
consists in so constructing and arranging the working parts of the machine
that the kneading wheels on either side of the centre of the machine may have
communicated to them a compound motion, consisting not only of a rotary or
revolving motion on their own axes, and they are also made to travel round a
fixed centre, and in so doing they are further caused to move from side to
side, so that when the kneading wheel or wheels on the one side of the centre
is or are nearest to the centre, the kneading wheel or wheels on its opposite"
side are furthest from it, and vice versa.
These rotating and travelling motions may be effected either by wind, steam,
horse, or other power, and the mechanism, by means of which the kneading
wheels have this lateral motion, consists principally of a rack and pinion or
mangle motion, or excentrics, cranks, or other analogous contrivances provided.
with suitable stops or other appliance for changing or stopping the motions.
AN IMPROVED METHOD OF TREATING NEEDLES, AND NEEDLES USED IN SEWING AND OTHER MACHINES, APPLI- CABLE ALSO TO THOSE PARTS OF SUCH MACHINES THAT HOLD THE NEEDLES
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Benjamin Nicoll at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 7th September
1860.
I, BENJAMIN NICOLL, Shirt Maker, of 42, Regent Street, London, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED METHOD
OF TREATING NEEDLES, AND NEEDLES USED IN SEWING AND OTHER MACHINES, APPLI-
CABLE ALSO TO THOSE PARTS OF SUCH MACHINES THAT HOLD THE NEEDLES," to be as
follows:-
My Invention is magnetizing all kinds of sewing and other needles. Those
used in machines for the purpose of making them cling to the parts while
being fastened, and also to magnetize the parts of the machines that hold the
needles, so as to allow my Invention to be used where the needles are not
magnetized.
My Invention will facilitate the adjustment of the needles by preventing
their slipping while being placed in their proper position, thereby saving time,
and preventing the breakage of them through being improperly placed
previous to the machine being set in motion; and will also allow sewing and
other needles to be more easily threaded, by applying the Invention either to
the needles or the holders for them.
IMPROVEMENTS IN RESPIRATORS
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Collier at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 25th September
1860.
I, EDWARD COLLIEB, of Myddleton Street, Clerkenwell, in the County of
Middlesex, Surgical Instrument Maker, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN RESPIRATORS," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to the manufacture of respirators composed of thin
perforated plates of aluminium, as also perforated plates of tin, silver, and zinc,
in the proportions of about three tin, two silver, and one of zinc. The alu-
minium plates are combined with plates of the above alloy, which is reduced
and rolled to the requisite thickness, and, like the alluminium plates, thickly
studded with minute perforations.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF PORTABLE OVENS
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alfred Vincent Newton at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 9th
July 1860. A communication from abroad by Paul Plisson, of Bayonne,
in the Empire of France.
I, ALFRED VINCENT NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery Lane,
in the County of Middlesex, Mechanical Draughtsman, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF
PORTABLE OVENS," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to an arrangement of oven (which admits of slight
modifications in construction), whereby the food to be cooked is operated upon
by the heat imparted to the oven prior to the introduction of the food thereto.
The oven consists of a slab of fire-clay, which forms the floor, and a dome or
cover of the same material, which, when applied to the slab, forms a closed
heating chamber. Both the slab and the dome are bound with metal bands to
give the same strength, and facilitate the attachment of a suspending handle to
the dome for lifting it off the slab, and of a second handle to the slab for
suspending the the oven from a pot hanger in a chimney or from any other
suitable support.
In order to heat this oven the dome is raised a little above the slab, and
lighted wood is laid on the slab. When this has been allowed to burn for a
sufficient time it is removed, and the dome is lowered on to the floor of the
oven, and retained there for a short time to equalize the heat; it is then
again lifted, and the food to be cooked being placed on the floor of the

page_text: oven, the dome or cover is dropped over it. In a short time the heat
retained by the thickness of fire-clay will produce the effect required on the
enclosed food.
purpose
For military purposes it is proposed to construct the oven of a double casing
of thin metal, the space between which is to be filled with sand for the
of retaining the heat. When coals are used to beat the oven it may be desirable
to make a drop hole in the dome, which hole is to be closed by a valve or
stopper. By its use the progress of the cooking may be also ascertained from
time to time.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF RAILWAYS, TRAMWAYS, OR TRACKS FOR CARRIAGES, AND IN THE APPLIANCES FOR THE CONVEYANCE OF PASSENGERS, PARCELS, AND LETTERS THEREBY
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Hugh Greaves at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 21st August
1860.
I, HUGH GREAVES, of 7, Besborough Gardens, Pimlico, in the County of
Middlesex, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF RAILWAYS, TRAMWAYS, OR TRACKS FOR
CARRIAGES, AND IN THE APPLIANCES FOR THE CONVEYANCE OF PASSENGERS, PARCELS,
AND LETTERS THEREBY," to be as follows:-
My Invention, though applicable to railways generally, relates more particu-
larly to the construction of railways or tramways for the street traffic of towns
or turnpike roads, and consists in employing surfaces or rails for the wheels of
vehicles to run upon, combined with hollow longitudinal sleepers, in the inte-
rior of which I place rails for the guidance of suitable carriages, in which I
place parcels or letters, and which I cause to progress from station to station by
means of ropes of suitable material, guided by rollers and sheaves, and actuated
by steam engines or other suitable power, at such distances apart as may be
found most convenient for the intended object. Apertures must be provided
at each station for obtaining access to the carriages in the interior of the hollow
sleepers, and for the withdrawal of parcels and letters conveyed therein.
Where convenient and desirable, I propose to lay down a tube, of suitable
material midway between the rails or trams, for the purpose of receiving a
haulage rope of suitable material for hauling the carriages along the line of

page_text: railway, suitable means being provided for attaching and detaching them with
facility at the stations.
In cases
where I use the proposed rail and hollow sleeper in separate pieces
I interpose a bedding of wood between the bearing surfaces, by which the noise
and other inconveniences incident to the contact of metal surfaces is avoided or
greatly mitigated.
When I employ the hollow sleeper and rail cast in one piece, according to
my Patent dated the 5th of March 1857; I further propose to provide for the
wear and tear of the rail by casting two or more rails or trams on such hollow
sleepers, so that they may be readily reversed and present a new rail for traffic,
thereby greatly conducing to the economical maintenance of the railway.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF IRON
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel Thomson at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 28th November
1860.
I, SAMUEL THOMSON, of Motherwell, in the County of Lanark, North
Britain, Doctor of Medicine, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF IRON," to be as follows, that is
to say:-
This Invention relates to the application, employment, and use of steam,
either at a low or high temperature, or superheated or surcharged with heat,
in the smelting of iron and other metals. The steam may be used in the blast
furnace, either alone or in combination with the ordinary blast of hot or cold
air. Steam is also applicable on this principle to the refining or remelting
of iron in the cupola, as well as in the refining and puddling furnaces; also in
the treatment or manufacture of iron, either simply as iron or steel, or other
metallic substance, as produced from iron.
SOME IMPROVEMENTS IN STOCKING FRAMES
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Jules Chaumonnot Delarothière.
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
2nd November 1860.
I, JULES CHAUMONNOT DELAROTHIERE; of 2, Rue Sto.. Appoline, Paris,
France, and of 4, South Street, Finsbury, London, England, a Mechanician, do
hereby declare the nature of my said Invention of "SOME IMPROVEMENTS IN
STOCKING FRAMES," to be as follows, that is to say :-
My Invention consists in the construction and application to stocking frames
of an apparatus for lessening the width of knitted fabrics, & more especially
for knitting stockings without seams, and is applicable alike to rectilinear or
circular frames or looms. When the apparatus is applied to rectilinear frames
the required widths are obtained at once, but if the fabric is made on a cir-
cular frame it is cut according to the form and size of the article required,
and then mounted on a rectilinear frame to form the parts which are to be
narrowed, such as the ends of the feet of stockings, caps, gloves, and other
articles so as to avoid the use of bands of stuff. In diminishing the width of
the fabric I carry over on each side of the fabric a certain number of meshes,
which are united with the meshes of the edge as each row of meshes is
formed, & thus increase the strength of the fabric.
The aforesaid apparatus is composed of a frame to be fixed to the loom, as
required; and this frame supports, by two pivots, a bar, upon which slide the
needle carriers of different sizes, and to which the needles are attached. These
carriers may be adjusted by springs, set screws, pawls, and racks to the
required distance from each other. To tho aforesaid bar are fixed brackets

page_text: supporting an axis, which is fitted with a spiral or screw thread, in which are
screwed or otherwise fastened small screws or pins, which as they rotate, right
or left, act against an inclined stud fixed to each of the large needle carriers.
The screw heads coming in contact with these studs cause the needle carriers
to approach or recede towards cach other, as required. On the axis of the
spiral is a spur wheel placed in connection with the loom for regulating the
rotation of the spiral. At one extremity of the above-mentioned bar is a
frame furnished with two screws for regulating the pressure of the needles
of the apparatus on the needles of the loom.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MUSIC STANDS, PART OF WHICH IS ALSO APPLICABLE TO TENTS FOR MILITARY AND OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Davis at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 14th January
1860.
I, JOHN DAVIS, of No. 18, Frith Street, Soho, in the County of Middlesex,
Professor of Music, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MUSIC STANDS, PART OF WHICH IS ALSO APPLICABLE TO TENTS
FOR MILITARY AND OTHER PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
I construct the vertical or centre pole of the music stand of tubes in the
telescopic form, so as to regulate the stand to the required height, and sustain
it there by clamp screws or other suitable means. I fix the lower end of the
said pole in a socket or base, and joint thereto legs or standards which can be
spread out to afford steadiness when the stand is in use, and fold up when not
in use; the said joints being arranged so that the legs may radiate from the
centre or be placed in a skewed position.. I make the book desk of links
jointed together, so that it can be opened out or folded up with great facility,
and I attach it to the top of the pole by a joint having a screw and nut, in
order to tighten the desk and adjust it to the desired angle for use.
The aforesaid arrangements enable me to construct a music stand of extreme
lightness and portability, all the parts being connected together without being
disjointed, so that they can be opened and closed with wonderful rapidity
without occupying more space than an ordinary telescope.

page_text: I also make the said centre or tubular pole applicable to the formation of
tents as a substitute for the ordinary centre pole, by removing the book stand
from the top of it, and, if desirable, substituting for the said legs or standards,
or adding to them, a suitable screw to be screwed into the ground.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF TELE- GRAPHIC CABLES
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Chatterton and Willoughby
Smith at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition,
on the 25th August 1860.
We, JOHN CHATTERTON, of Highbury Terrace, and WILLOUGHBY SMITH, of
Pownall Road, Dalston, both in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare
the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF TELE-
GRAPHIC CABLES," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in the manufacture of
telegraphic cables. For these purposes, in order that the gutta percha insu-
lating coatings should not be subjected to heat in the process of manufacturing
a cable, as has heretofore been the case when applying hot pitch, rosin, and
other matters, together with or after the fibrous materials and wire coatings
have been applied around the gutta percha coated wires. We apply oxides
or carbonates of lead, or other preparation of that or other metal combined
with oil or varnish, together with the fibrous materials used externally of
the insulating gutta percha coatings, whether wire be employed, as well as
fibrous materials, to give strength to the cable or not. For these purposes
the fibrous materials used, whether made up in the form of tape, yarn, cord,
or otherwise, is coated or saturated with the paint or composition above men-
tioned, and by preference in the act of applying such fibrous materials, and
whether such fibrous materials are wound spirally around, or laid longitu-
dinally over the surfaces of the gutta percha; and it is preferred to bind an
uncoated tape exterior of the saturated coatings of fibre, in order that the cable
may be at once coiled.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF SMOKE-CONSUMING FURNACES
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Birch at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 4th February
1860.
I, JOHN BIRCH, of Duren, in the Kingdom of Prussia, at present residing
in Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF
SMOKE-CONSUMING FURNACES," to be as follows, that is to say:-
My Invention consists in so arranging furnaces and their appliances, that
instead of feeding the fires with cold air admitted in front of the furnace or
through the fire-doors, I exclude all air that would flow in from that quarter,
applying (if necessary) a blast quite underneath the bed of the fire. The
furnace is fired on the top of an inclined hopper plate fixed diagonally across
the top of the fire-door, and passing down at an inclination of forty-five
degrees at the back of the fire-door into the bed of the furnace, a drop door
closes the top of the hopper, and the hopper is always kept well filled with
coal, which, as it gradually descends into the bed of the furnace, becomes
coked, and thus all gases are burnt before the fuel reaches the bed.
the bed of the furnace a transverse tube or tubes may be fixed; these are
connected with longitudinal tubes, all belonging to the boiler, and passing
along the furnace flues. A blast pipe from a fan blast, when a blast is
requisite, has its orifice immediately under the bed of the furnace, and at the
bottom of the inclined hopper plate, and immediately above the mouth of the.
Above

page_text: blast pipe, and in place of the ordinary fire-bars which would be melted by so
great a heat, I place a grid formed of fire-clay or fire-brick as a distributor
for the blast before it enters the furnace bed. At any convenient point in the
blast pipe I attach a branch pipe, and by employing valves above and below
the junction of the pipes, I can shut off the blast, and take the smoke from
the chimney when the damper is down, causing the smoke to repass through
the fire; this is for the purpose of allowing the stoker to clean out the
furnace.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PORTABLE STEAM ENGINES
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Darley at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 29th November
1860.
I, WILLIAM DARLEY, of Bishop Bridge, Market Rasen, in the County of
Lincoln, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN PORTABLE STEAM ENGINES," to be as follows:-
The improvements relate, first, to giving facility for the turning of the fore
wheels. For this purpose the axle of each of the fore wheels is carried by a
separate upright shaft, and upon each of these upright shafts is fixed a
segment of teeth taken into by a screw wheel, and these have simultaneous
motion given to them in the direction desired from a main axis. Secondly,
the improvements have for their object means for adjusting the level of the
boiler when moving or standing on uneven ground. For this purpose the fore
end of the boiler is suspended by screw connections from the fore axle or axles
in such manner that by turning one part of the screw connection in one
direction that end of the boiler will be raised, whilst from the opposite direction
the boiler will be lowered at that end; and I prefer to suspend the fore end of
the boiler by the screw connection from a spring sustained by the fore axle
or axles. By these means facility will be given for the use of the engine,
either as a traction or as a stationary engine for agricultural purposes.
When used as a traction engine the piuions on the crank shaft will be in
gear with toothed wheels on the main wheels or their axis; and when used as a

page_text: stationary motive power engine, the pinions on the crank shaft will be slided
out of gear with such toothed wheels, and this sliding of the pinions separately
or together I obtain by sliding the bearings of the crank axle.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN PREVENTING AND DETECTING FORGERY OR ALTERATION OF FIGURES IN CHEQUES, BANK NOTES, DRAFTS, BILLS OF EXCHANGE, PROMISSORY NOTES, AND OTHER MONETARY BILLS
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Gaetano Delauretis at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 14th June
1860.
I, GAETANO DELAURETIS, of Naples, in the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies,
but now residing at 48, Frith Street, Soho Square, in the County of Mid-
dlesex, England, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"AN IMPROVEMENT IN PREVENTING AND DETECTING FORGERY OR ALTERATION OF
FIGURES IN CHEQUES, BANK NOTES, DRAFTS, BILLS OF EXCHANGE, PROMISSORY
NOTES, AND OTHER MONETARY BILLS," to be as follows:-
My improvement consists in so printing on the bill a progressive series of
numbers, or letters, or other conventional signs that they represent a progressive
series of sums of money, and that any of them can be either taken off or
defaced by an indelible mark. The operation of my improvement is the
following:-When a sum is written on the bill, the corresponding number,
letter, or sign is either taken off or defaced, as above said, and thus the
absence or defacement of such number, letter, or sign indicates the sum
originally written on the bill.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE MANUFACTURE OF IRON, AND IN FURNACES TO BE EMPLOYED
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Archibald Brooman at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 3rd
February 1860.-A communication from abroad by Ernest Tourangin,
of Paris.
I, RICHARD ARCHIBALD BROOMAN, of 166, Fleet Street, in the City of
London, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE MANUFACTURE OF IRON, AND IN FURNACES TO BE EMPLOYED
," (communicated to me from abroad by Ernest Tourangin, of Paris,)
to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in reducing iron ores by carbonic oxide generated in
the combustion of coal or charcoal. This gas is both the heating medium and
an excellent reducing agent, and the characteristic feature of the process
consists in reducing the ore by concentrating in one inclosure the caloric and
the reducing agent which form one with the ore to be reduced. The furnaces
consist of two upright shafts, each of which communicates by a lateral passage
with the base of a central shaft or furnace in which the ore is placed. The
side shafts are filled with fuel through the top, the fuel resting at bottom upon
a grating, the tops of the shafts are tightly closed. Tuyeres for the supply of
air are inserted in the shafts beneath the grating. The furnace or central
shaft is filled with ore, and is open at top. The fires being lighted, the pro-
ducts of combustion, carbonic oxide gas among them, enter the central furnace
through the lateral apertures before named; this gas combines with the
oxygen of the ore and forms carbonic acid, which will escape through the open

page_text: top of the shaft. As soon as a certain portion shall have become properly
reduced, bars are slidden in close together across the central shaft, and the
metal under them. raked out either into water or into boxes, which must be
hermetically closed, to prevent contact with the atmosphere, otherwise the
metal would soon become reoxidized.
The Inventor does not limit himself to the exact arrangements just described,
as the same results may be obtained by varying them; for instance, the fuel
shafts may be horizontal, though the difficulty of charging would be increased.
Again, instead of air being driven in or admitted through tuyeres to support
combustion, a draft may be created by a high chimney, and other minor
modifications may be made.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Garnett at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 24th October
1860.
I, THOMAS GARNETT, of Low Moor, near Clitheroe, in the County of Lan-
caster, Cotton Spinner and Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING," to be
as follows:-
The nature of my Invention consists in the application of elliptical and
eccentric wheels for driving the crank shaft of a loom and in aid of or in lieu
of the tappets for working the treadles and healds. In performing my Inven-
tion I connect the driving pulley to the tappet shaft, to which is fixed an
elliptical wheel gearing into a wheel placed eccentrically on the crank shaft.
The object of my Invention is to reduce the speed of the crank shaft during
that portion of its revolution when the shed is open for the passage of the
shuttle. The treadles are also worked by elliptical wheels or by elliptical wheels
and tappets for the purpose of obtaining a dwell when the shed is open.
AN IMPROVED DIVING BELL
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Bauer at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 16th July
1860.
I, WILLIAM BAUER, of Munich, in the Kingdom of Bavaria, and No. 36,.
Burton Street, Burton Crescent, W.C., London, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED DIVING BELL," to be as follows:-
This improved diving bell, which I call an artificial polyp for submarine
works, consists of a metal and flexious shell; the shell can be built in any
form suitable to the intended work which is to be executed, but the principal.
of this Invention is described by the following lines.
The diving bell or polyp can be lowered to the bottom of the water or to
the sides of any vessel, where the elastic and flexions shell clings to the form
of the ground or vessel, partly by its own weight and flexious links, which are
covered with india-rubber, and partly by raising large hermetically closed
telescopic flues, which suck at once more water out of the diving bell or
artificial polyp than the leakage round the india-rubber frame lets in; in that
manner a vacuum is produced, and the weight of the column of water outside
presses now against the frame and makes it tight. The remaining water in
the diving bell or polyp will be discharged entirely by a separate pump, and
the volume of this water will be exchanged by air. The said telescopic flues
will be opened, after arriving at a certain height, at the surface of the water,
to serve as entrances for men, and as communication with the air, tools, and
materials necessary to perform the work.

page_text: In case the said diving bell or polyp is to be used for examining, cleaning,
or repairing the outside of a vessel, it will be fastened to it by chains or other-
wise, in any position without interferance with the arrangements as described
above.
To illuminate the inside of the diving bell or polyp several windows aro
fixed in the shell, but in great depth, or in darkness, artificial light can be
added.
The whole of this diving bell or artificial polyp can be carried out in a size
and manner suitable to be taken on board and put to action in sea or harbour
whenever required. Under particular circumstances the diving bell or polyp
can serve as a life-boat.
If the diving bell or polyp is used, for submarine mining or deepening of
docks or harbours, arrangements are made for raising the excavated substances
to the surface of the water, so that it can be also used for building submarine
foundations of any kinds.
For cleaning the surface of vessels or other bodies under the surface of the
water, where it is not required to use the diving bell or artificial polyp, a small
machine is constructed fitted with straight rotary wire brooms or tools fixed
to shafts moveable in all directions, and which is put in motion from above or
from the inside of the diving bell or artificial polyp by steam or manual
power.
CERTAIN IMPROVED ARRANGEMENTS OF THE FLUES OF STEAM BOILERS
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Wardle at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 17th August
1860.
I, JAMES WARDLE, of Bury, in the County of Lancaster, Bricklayer, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVED
ARRANGEMENTS OF THE FLUES OF STEAM BOILERS," to be as follows:-
These arrangements relate to boilers having one or more internal flues, at
the front of which are the furnaces. The internal flues communicate by a
down flue at the back to a double flue under the boiler, one leading towards
the front, and the other towards the back of the boiler, there being a split
between them at the middle. The last-mentioned flue communicates with a
side flue leading to a down flue at the front of the boiler, which communicates
with another side flue separated by a damper from the flue leading to the
chimney.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BUTTER CHURNS
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Jones Derham at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 21st
February 1860.
I, RICHARD JONES DERHAM, of No. 46, Redcliff Street, Bristol, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN BUTTER CHURNS,"
to be as follows:-
The butter churns that are in present use are the barrel churns with paddles
inside, with a large bung hole cut in one stave to put the cream in and to take
the butter out when made; this churn is made of wood staves, and revolves on
a frame or stand by turning a handle, and there is a good deal of trouble to
keep the inside clean and sweet.
My improvement is to take a part of this churn off the side, or one of the
heads out, to allow the butter maker the facility of putting both hands and arms
in, or a scoop, to take the butter out when made from the churn; the churn,
called the pump churn, which is now used with a long handle, worked parallel,
and very tiresome to work, I intend to work with a revolving paddle, to be
turned with a metal or wood handle attached to two cog wheels, the whole to
be attached to a metal or wooden top which can be taken off when the butter
is made to remove the butter from the churn.
wooden staves or metal.
This churn may be made of
IMPROVEMENTS IN SMOKE- CONSUMING FURNACES
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Stevens at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 9th June
1860. A communication from abroad by Toni Fontenay, of Grenoble
in the Empire of France.
I, CHARLES STEVENS, Manager of the British & Foreign Office for Patents,
No. 1, Welbeck Street, Cavendish Square, in the County of Middlesex, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN SMOKE-
CONSUMING FURNACES," (& that it has been communicated to me from abroad
by Toni Fontenay, of Grenoble, in the Empire of France,) to be as follows:-
The improvements are applicable to furnaces of all descriptions, whether
fixed or moveable. The details may, of course, vary, but the principle is as
follows:-In the fire-box a sloping grate is fixed, on which the fuel (which is
introduced by a door situated on the side) rests. The door can be placed
with equally good result at the top of the box. The chimney or flue com-
municates with the box immediately beneath the grate, so as to facilitate as
much as possible the drawing. The air necessary for the combustion enters
at the same door by which the fuel is introduced, and passes through the fuel
and grate, and after thus serving in the combustion escapes with the gases by
the chimney. The space in the box beneath the grate serves to catch the
cinders, from which they are withdrawn by means of a door, serving also
when the fire is required to be stoked. This door must shut sufficiently close
that the drawing be not affected. In certain cases, however, when the layer

page_text: of fuel is thick, an advantage is obtained by allowing a certain portion of air
to enter by this door. Bellows also may be adapted to facilitate the com-
bustion, the tube of the bellows being placed near the entrance door, but in
this case both the entrance door and stoke-hole must be well closed during the
working of the bellows.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN MACHINERY COMMONLY CALLED LOG FRAMES FOR SAWING TIMBER
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Robinson at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 3rd October
1860.
I, JOHN ROBINSON, of Rochdale, in the County of Lancaster, Timber
Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN MACHINERY COMMONLY CALLED LOG FRAMES FOR SAWING TIMBER,"
to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to a machine which may readily be transported from
place to place, and may be used without the support of walls or other permanent
erections. To this end I construct the operating parts and the framing in such
a manner that they constitute a machine complete in itself and provided with
wheels for the purpose of enabling it to be moved from place to place in its
complete form. The machine I provide with a foundation beam or plate
which is capable of being lowered, so as to afford a solid bearing upon the
ground; this may be done by sinking the wheels. The main shaft I provide on
each side with a fly wheel, one of which is used to receive the belt for driving
the machine.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PURIFYING COAL GAS
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Stenhouse at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 19th July
1860.
I, JOHN STENHOUSE, of 11, Upper Brunswick Terrace, Barnsbury Road,
in the County of Middlesex, Chemist, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PURIFYING COAL GAS," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in purifying coal gas by sulphuret of carbon by
treating the gas with spirits of wine (the ethylic alcohol of chemists), or with
wood spirit (the methylic alcohol of chemists), or with fusil oil (the amylic
alcohol of chemists); I also take solutions of potash, soda, and ammonia, with
their sulphurets and carbonates dissolved in the before-mentioned alcohols.
I employ these solutions either singly or in combinations; I likewise add to
these alcoholic solutions rectified coal tar naphtha. The oils of coal tar and
any other suitable liquid bydrocarbons or essential and fixed oils. I treat
the gas with these liquids by means of the well-known apparatus called n
washer, or any other suitable mechanical arrangement. The bisulphuret of
carbon is absorbed by these liquids forming the well-known series of acids,
namely the xanthic, the xanthomethylic, and xanthamylic, and if alkaline
bases are present the corresponding salts of these acids containing potash, soda
and ammonia are produced. When these liquids have ceased to absorb, or have
become saturated with bisulphate of carbon, they are removed from the appa-
ratus, and by cautious rectification, advantage being taken of the difference in
volatility of the alcohols and bisulphuret of carbon, these substances are sepa-

page_text: rated from each other, and thus the greater portion of the spirits and bisulphuret
of carbon are recovered. When alkaline solutions are employed it is necessary
to neutralize the alkalis with acids before beginning to rectify, and in this manner
the greatest portion of the alkali is also recovered.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE TREATMENT OF SEWAGE MATTERS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF MANURE, AND IN THE APPARATUS FOR THE SAME
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Arnold at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 14th February
1860.
I, JOSEPH ARNOLD, of the Leys, Tamworth, in the County of Stafford, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
TREATMENT OF SEWAGE MATTERS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF MANURE, AND IN THE
APPARATUS FOR THE SAME," to be as follows:-
According to my Invention I allow the sewage matters to run into a receiver
or receivers of suitable size, using sluice gates to regulate the supply and
discharge; when sufficiently full I allow the mass to remain at rest and the
heavy matters to precipitate, the water remaining colorless at the top. The
supernatant liquid is then allowed to run off by a sluice gate into suitable a
shaft, from which it is afterwards pumped by a stationary engine.
The deposited matters in the receiver are raised by buckets on endless
chains in the manner of a dredging machine, which buckets deliver on a
suitable incline to conduct the matters as required. I erect suitable sheds and
carry flues therein; on these I lay a layer of the deposited sewage matters;
by using slack, and maintaining the temperature for a period of twenty-four
hours; the whole will be dried at little cost, and reduced to a condition suitable
for placing in casks for removal, storing, or exportation.
IMPROVEMENTS IN EMBOSSING AND FINISHING: WOVEN FABRICS
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Gillies Lowndes and James
Gilroy at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition,
on the 27th February 1860.
We, ROBERT GILLIES LOWNDES and JAMES GILROY, of Auldhousefield, in
the County of Renfrew, North Britain, Finishers, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN EMBOSSING AND FINISHING:
WOVEN FABRICS," to be as follows, that is to say:
This Invention relates to that kind of embossing which is effected by means-
of a grooved metal surface, and to the finishing effected by combining a.
rubbing or frictional action with such embossing, and has for object the
production of a brighter lustre or better finish than has hitherto been
obtained. To this end the engraved or grooved roller or surface is made to-
move in the opposite direction to the woven fabric which is being operated
upon, the requisite pressure being obtained by applying to the other side of
the fabric a roller moving with it, or a stationary convex, plane, or concave.
surface.
AN IMPROVED CHURN
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Gammon at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 4th January
1860.
I, CHARLES GAMMON, of No. 9, Cloak Lane, in the City of London,
Solicitor, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED
CHURN," to be as follows,-
And consists of a cylindrical vessel, within which I mount a vertical spindle
or shaft, having fixed to it 3, 4, or more vanes of a gridiron form; upon a pro-
longation of the spindle extending beyond the cover of the cylinder is mounted
a pinion which gears into a segmental rack; a vibrating lever turning on a
centre is fixed to that last-mentioned rack, so that when raised or lowered the
rack is made to vibrate with it, and acting upon the pinion gives to the spindle
and the vanes an oscillatory reciprocating motion, which produces the required
effect on the article to be operated upon. If the apparatus be made use of for
beating or churning eggs the pinion and rack may be omitted, the spindle
being carried straight up, its extremity forming a handle; the oscillatory
motion is then obtained by rolling or turning the handle between the palms of
the bands.