A NEW OR IMPROVED KEYED MUSICAL INSTRUMENT, COMBINING IN ITSELF MANY QUALITIES NEVER HITHERTO PRODUCED IN ONE INSTRUMENT, AND POSSESSING THOSE QUALITIES IN CLEARNESS OF SOUND, QUALITY, DISTINCTNESS, FORTE, PIANO, AND DELICACY OF TOUCH AND SHAKE ON THE KEYS OR NOTES, BY INCREASING TO FORTE AND DECREASING TO PIANO, AT THE WILL OF THE PERFORMER
Year: 1822

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JAMES
ALLWRIGHT, of Little Newport Street, Cheesemonger, send greeting.
WHEREAS His present most Excellent Majesty King George the Fourth
did, by His Royal Letters Patent under the Great Seal of the United
Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, bearing date at Westminster, the
Fourteenth day of January, in the second year of His reign, give and
grant unto DAVID LOESCHMAN,, of Newman Street, Oxford Road, Musical
Instrument Maker, and, to me, the said James Allwright, our executors,
administrators, and assigns, His especial licence, full power, sole privilege
and authority, that we, the said David Loeschman and James Allwright, our
executors, administrators, and assigns, during the term of years therein
expressed, should, and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend "A NEW
OR IMPROVED KEYED MUSICAL INSTRUMENT, COMBINING IN ITSELF MANY QUALITIES
NEVER HITHERTO PRODUCED IN ONE INSTRUMENT, AND POSSESSING THOSE QUALITIES
IN CLEARNESS OF SOUND, QUALITY, DISTINCTNESS, FORTE, PIANO, AND DELICACY
OF TOUCH AND SHAKE ON THE KEYS OR NOTES, BY INCREASING TO FORTE AND
DECREASING TO PIANO, AT THE WILL OF THE PERFORMER," within England, Wales,
and the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, in such manner as to us, the said
David Loeschman and James Allwright, our executors, adıministrators, and
assigns, should in our discretion seem meet; in which said Letters Patent
is contained a proviso that if we, the said David Loeschman and James

page_text: Allwright, or one of us, should not particularly describe and ascertain the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed,
by an instrument in writing under our hands and seals, or under the hand
and seal of one of us, and cause the same to be inrolled in His Majesty's
High Court of Chancery within six calendar months next and immediately
after the date of the said Letters Patent, that then the said Letters
Patent, and all liberties and advantages whatsoever thereby granted, should
utterly cease, determine, and become void, as in and by the said recited
Letters Patent, relation being thereunto had, may more. fully and at large
appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
James Allwright, do hereby declare that the nature of the said Invention, and
in what manner the same is to be performed, are particularly described and
ascertained in the Drawings hereunto annexed, and the following description
thereof and references thereto (that is to say):-
In the said new or improved keyed musical instrument, which we denomi-
nate the Patent Terpodion, the sounds or notes are produced by friction on
wood, metal, lead, pewter, or any hard substance, and the mechanism is as
follows: The fly wheel may be made of iron, lead, or any other heavy
substance, to act on pivots or collars, and may be placed sideways, as Plate
No. 1 shews, perpendicular, or under, behind, or above the cylinder,
motion to which may be communicated by various means, viz., pedal, weights,
or clockwork. See section of Plate 1. The fly wheel may be fastened or
connected to the cylinder at the treble or bass end, or one at each end, as the
profile in Plate 2 shews. The cylinder may be made of any straight-grained
wood, hollow or solid, to work on pivots or collars, and must be covered with
the following composition. The cylinder may likewise be made of solid metal,
lead, pewter, or any other hard substance, and covered with the composition,
but it will be better if the composition is rubbed on the pieces of leather,
cloth, or beaver, which are fastened to the heads (No. 1.) on the notes under
the cylinder, as can be seen in the profiles of Plates 1, 2, 3, and 4, of the wooden
and brass notes. The notes may be made of any straight-grained wood, either
square, flat, or round; at the ends of the notes are upright tapped pieces of
steel, iron, or brass wire screwed in; at the top of these wires are the pieces of
wood No. 1, fastened as the profiles in Plates No. 1, 2, 3, and 4 shew, where
the beaver, cloth, or leather is fastened on, by which, when the key is pressed
down, the headpiece of wood is brought close to the cylinder, and by the
friction produces the desired note. In the middle of each note is an upright
piece of tapped iron, steel, or brass wire screwed in, with a 'square or round"

page_text: piece of lead, by means of which the notes may be tuned to their proper pitch;
and at the bass notes in the head No. 1 is likewise a tapped piece of wire, with a
piece of lead on it, by which the note also may be tuned, as in Plates 1, 2, 3, and 4.
The brass, steel, or iron notes may be made in the same form as those of wood,
and also for tuning, in like manner as profile 2, a, b; they may also be tuned
with a little brass box with a small screw at the top; by means of which it may
be tuned flat or sharp; as Plate 2, c, d. The brass, steel, or iron notes can also
be made without the tapped piece of wire in front of the notes, but the front
end of the note must be turned up, and this turned end must be tapped to
fasten the piece of wood No. 1 with the piece of leather, cloth, or beaver, the
same as the notes of wood and brass described; and for tuning the brass boxes
may be applied as in Plate 2, c and d; they can also be formed as tuning
forks, which in Plate 3, g, and h, can be seen. The upright and lower piece
in profiles 2 and 3 made of wood, where the notes are screwed on or fixed
in, work on an iron centre pin, fixed underneath the lower piece of the note
No. 3; the long end of this centre wire goes in the under block of the bottom,
and a long screw with an eye in front of the block fastens the end of this
centre wire, by which the notes may be fixed to their proper height, as all the
profiles in Plates 1, 2, 3, and 4 shew; but if'the notes are fixed (as in Plate 4)
towards the back, then the long end of the centre wire must go in the block
towards the back and be screwed fast from above, as in Plate 4. In front of
the lower piece 3, underneath the note, is a small screw-eye fixed, where a
long wire goes through; the end of this wire is tapped to receive a leather cut
underneath; the upper. end of this wire goes through the key (with an eye and
a leather nut underneath) above the keys, so that when a key is pressed down
it brings the note to the cylinder. The iron, brass, or steel notes may likewise
be fastened in an iron or brass box, where the notes can be put in. This box, at
the lower end, has a stout screw, which may be screwed in the upright piece
No. 2, or lower piece No. 3. Underneath the notes at the top of this box
is a small screw to fasten the notes, similar to the small brass boxes used
for tuning the brass notes, only it is larger. If the notes are made of round
brass, steel, or iron wire, they can be placed as Plate 5 directs, then the notes
must be screwed or fastened in the block towards the back of the instrument.
At the front or end of these round notes is a steel or brass spring (about three
inches long and half an inch broad), screwed on, with a piece of beaver, cloth,
or leather fastened on the spring, or the place near the cylinder, as in profile
of Plate 5 can be seen. On the piece No. 1, made of wood, under the
cylinder, is a small wire spring, the point of which goes in a small hole or
groove in the bigger spring, which keeps it in its place. At the back part

page_text: of this wooden piece No. 1 is a round hole to receive a round peg No. 2,
which is fastened in the back. block to keep it in its place. Towards the. front
of this piece, below No. 1, is a small chain with a hook, which fastens
in the hook No. 3, fixed in, the under block towards the back to..keep it.
likewise in its place. In front of this piece No. 1 a small screw with an
eye is fastened,. No. 5; the end of the cord No. 4 has a small hook to fasten
in the screw eye No. 5. The cord No. 4. is fastened at the top of the, keys by
a screw to tighten and a screw. to loosen the cord, as it may require; so that
when a key is pressed down the fastened cord No. 4 upon the keys draws the
piece No. 1 with the small wire spring, which presses the broad spring with
the piece of beaver, cloth, or leather close to the cylinder, by the friction of
which it produces the note. The notes may also be made of round brass
wire, or flat brass, like a spring, and also of round steel wire, or flat steel, like
a spring, formed like a circle or similar to a snake, large in the bass and
small in the treble, as in profile Plate 6 can be seen. These notes can be
fixed in a brass box similar to those used for tuning the notes, only larger,
with a stout screw underneath to screw the spring notes in the wooden piece
No. 2, as in Plate 6. On these round or flat spring notes must be fastened
a piece of beaver, leather, or cloth, close under the cylinder, the same as on
the other steel or brass notes. When pressed to the cylinder it produces the
note. For tuning these spring notes the small boxes must be applied, as by the
other brass and steel notes. To these circular spring notes can also be applied
the usual action of grand and square pianos, with hammers, but then these
circular spring notes must be fixed the reverse, way, so that the hammers
strike from underneath the circular springs, as profile above, Plate 6, shews.
The action of upright or cabinet pianos may also be applied to these circular
springs notes, but then these spring notes must be fixed so that the hammers
strike on that place where the beaver, leather, or cloth is fixed on these spring
notes, close under the cylinder.
The ingredients of the Composition which is to be applied to the wooden or
the solid metal, lead, or pewter cylinder.-Mastic one ounce, sandrach one
ounce, spirits of wine two ounces, camphor one grain; pour the spirits of wine
over the mastic and sandrach, which will dissolve in twenty-four hours, after-
wards put in one grain of camphor and mix them well together. :
In witness whereof, I, the said James Allwright, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Twelfth day of July, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and twenty-two.
JAMES (L.S.). ALLWRIGHT.

page_text: AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the Twelfth day of July, in the
third year of the reign of His Majesty King George the Fourth, the said
James Allwright came before our said Lord the King in His Chancery, and
acknowledged the Instrument aforesaid, and all and every thing therein con-
tained and specified, in form above written. And also the Instrument
aforesaid was stamped according to the tenor of the Statute made in the
fifty-fifth year of the reign of His late Majesty King George the Third.
Inrolled the Twelfth day of July, One thousand eight hundred and
twenty-two.