matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF ARTIFICIAL TEETH AND GUMS
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Patrick Gregson Cunningham
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 11th October 1859.
I, PATRICK GREGSON CUNNINGHAM, of Salisbury, Wilts, do hereby declare
the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF
ARTIFICIAL TEETH AND GUMS," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in the construction of arti-
ficial teeth and gums. For these purposes a cast is taken from the mouth,
from which cast a model is produced and from it a mould made in like manner
to that heretofore practised, and in this mould a plate of gold or other suitable
metal is struck up as heretofore, but it is preferred that the plate should be
less in width than is ordinarily employed. To this raised plate the teeth are
affixed in like manner to what has heretofore been practised when using raised
metal plates, and the peculiarity of this Invention consists in applying vulcanite
(the hard compound produced from india-rubber and sulphur subjected to
high degrees of heat) in combination with a metal plate such as is above
described, in order that that surface which comes next the mouth shall have
that characteristic of fitting peculiar to vulcanite, whilst the strength and other
qualities of a raised metal plate are retained. For this purpose after that the
teeth have been fixed to the raised metal, the plastic compound of india-rubber
is moulded thereon according to the model of the mouth as heretofore when
using only vulcanite, and the compound is hardened by heat as is well under-
stood.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN APPARATUS USED IN FINISHING WOOLLEN AND OTHER CLOTHS
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Holroyd at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 7th February
1859.
I, JAMES HOLROYD, of Leeds, in the County of York, Cloth Finisher, do
horeby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVEMENT IN
APPARATUS USED IN FINISHING WOOLLEN AND OTHER CLOTHS," to be as follows:-
This Invention applies principally to a machine at present in use for
turning back the "nap" of woollen or other cloths. In this machine a
revolving cylinder covered with wire cards acting on the surface of the cloth
as it passes over a stationary bed, effects the desired object.
The improvement consists in interposing a sheet of brass or other tinsel or
material between the cloth and the card cylinder in such a manner that only a
part of the surface of the cloth is exposed to the action of the cards, thereby
producing a pattern on the cloth. By this process a stripe only can be
produced, but by connecting the brass tinsel or other material used, by means
of levers, to a "cam" or "tappet," other designs can be thereby produced.
The improvement can also be applied to other machines employed for
finishing woollen and other cloth's.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR TREATING FISH SO AS TO ADAPT IT FOR MANURE, AND IN USING THE SAME ALONE OR IN COMBINATION WITH SUPERPHOSPHATE OF LIME OR OTHER PHOSPHATES
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel Osler and John Barton
Balcombe at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 21st January 1859.
We, SAMUEL OSLER, of Great Yarmouth, in the County of Norfolk, and
JOHN BARTON BALCOMBE, of Brixton, in the County of Surrey, Gentleman, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
APPARATUS FOR TREATING FISH SO AS TO ADAPT IT FOR MANURE, AND IN USING
THE SAME ALONE OR IN COMBINATION WITH SUPERPHOSPHATE OF LIME OR OTHER
PHOSPHATES," to be as follows:-
Our Invention consists, in the first place, in treating or reducing fish or the
offal of fish, by applying thereto the heat of steam or heated vapour in the
manner and by means of the apparatus herein-after described.
There are two series of vessels, arranged by preference in pairs, between
which series is fixed a steam pipe passing from a boiler, continuing along close
to one row or series of vessels, and returning close by the other row or series
to the boiler, so as to admit of a circulation of steam through the endless pipe.
There is a communication between this pipe and each of the vessels, which
may be regulated by a cock or táp; then there is another endless pipe having
a communication at one part with the former pipe and at its two ends with the
furnace, so that the steam entering from the first pipe may become super-
heated or raised in temperature by passing into the second-named pipe; there
is also a communication with each vessel from this pipe governed by a cock or
tap. By this means the admission of steam to each vessel, whether at the

page_text: lower temperature from the one pipe or at the higher temperature from the
other pipe, may be regulated as required: Each vessel consists of a kind of
tank with a steam chamber surrounding the bottom and sides, and a false
bottom or draining plate near the lower part, underneath which is a cock for
draining off the fluids, and over the said draining plate is a grating on which
the fish is placed, the heat being introduced at the lower part of the said
steam chamber, and passing up the outer sides of the said tank. There is a
door or hinged flap in the upper part of the vessel, and extending to about half
its depth, which can be opened for the admission of the fish to be treated, and
for its removal when treated as required.
And our Invention consists, in the second place, in the admixture of about
from 30 to 50 per cent. of the aforesaid treated or prepared fish with either
manufactured superphosphate of lime, or with ground or calcined coprolites,
or with other ingredients used in the manufacture of superphosphate of lime,
thereby producing and incorporating a manure which will contain the
fértilizing properties existing in Peruvian guario.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR LEASING YARNS
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Owen and Hindle Duckworth
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on
the 25th April 1859.
We, JOHN OWEN, Designer, and HINDLE DUCKWORTH, Manager, of Black-
burn, in the County of Lancaster, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR LEASING
YARNS," to be as follows:-
For sizing warps we place in any convenient position, beyond the rest beam,
a bar of any suitable shape with indentations or slight grooves cut in it of
different dents or counts, according to the counts or qualities of yarn to be
operated upon, and at each side of the said bar we place a comb with incisions
of about three-quarters of an inch in depth, so that at the time of leasing, one
of the said combs will ascend and the other descend, thus causing one-half of
the
yarn threads to rise and the other to fall, by which the lease is made with.
out further trouble.
We also use a brush to straighten the threads when necessary in taking the
lease. Although we have described the operation as applied to a sizing
machine, it will be evident to every one conversant with the subject, that the
Invention is also applicable to the warping mill, and to all kinds of yarns,
whether plain or fancy, when a lease has to be made.
IMPROVEMENTS IN EFFECTING COMMUNICATIONS BETWEEN PARTS OF RAILWAY TRAINS
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Wansbrough and Alex-
ander Bain at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 14th June 1859.
We, JAMES WANSBROUGH, of Bridge Street, Southwark Bridge, in the
County of Surrey, Manufacturer, and ALEXANDER BAIN, of Clerkenwell Green,
in the County of Middlesex, Telegraph Engineer, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN EFFECTING COMMUNICATIONS
BETWEEN PARTS OF RAILWAY TRAINS," to be as follows:-
The improvements relate to the employment of elastic tubing as a means of
obtaining communication between parts of a train of carriages. And we prefer
to form such tubing of vulcanized india-rubber, the object being that it may
accommodate itself to changes in the length of a train. And we employ such
elastic tubing as a means of conveying the force of air from one part thereof
to another, so as to cause the air therein to act upon a whistle or whistles or
other apparatus for effecting audible or other indications.
Im- PROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR CUTTING WOOD
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Bayley at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 20th December
1859.
I, WILLIAM BAYLEY, junior, of 79, White Lion Street, Islington, in the
County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "Im-
PROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR CUTTING WOOD," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in machinery for cutting
wood. For these purposes it is preferred to use two sets of cutting instru-
ments, and to give motion simultaneously to them by cranks, or it may be
excentrics on the same shaft or axis, in such manner that one set of cutting
instruments may be going out of action as the other set is going into action;
but this may be varied. Each set of cutting instruments consists of a double-
angular cutter, to take a slice off a piece or block of wood, and of other short
cutters which divide the slice into several pieces. The double-angular cutter
consists of two cutting edges at an angle to each other, which are formed or fixed
on a plate fixed to a sliding frame, which is guided in its up-and-down move-
ments by the upright framing of the machine. The other cutters are set on
plate or frame fixed behind the plate, which carries the double-angular cutter,
and such other cutters are arranged to come into action in succession, they
being set or fixed on two lines which are inclined to each other in a similar
manner to the double-inclined cutter; hence, as the blocks of wood are fed
into position under the set of cutting apparatus, each set in its descent will cut
off a slice, and divide that slice into several pieces, which will be chiefly
applicable as firewood.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF KETTLES
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Chapman at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 3rd May
1859.
I, HENRY CHAPMAN, of Battlebarrow, Appleby, in the County of West-
moreland, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF KETTLES," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in forming kettles in the following manner, that is
to say It is proposed to form the bottom of the kettle partly flat and partly
of a dome shape. From the top of such said dome a tube. or pipe extends in
a horizontal direction through the body of the kettle and back part thereof;
the outer end of said tube is furnished with a damper or valve for regulating
the intensity of the heat; the inside of the kettle at the bottom of the spout
thereof may also be fitted with a valve.
By thus constructing kettles the fire is not deadened or prevented from
burning, as is now the case when a flat-bottomed kettle is placed on a fire, but
by opening the outer valve aforesaid a draught will be established through the
kettle, and thereby cause the fire to burn brightly, so that if a fire should be
nearly out it will draw it up, at same time the heat from the fire being thus
directed to and through the kettle will speedily boil the water contained
therein.
IMPROVEMENTS IN FASTENING SHIRTS, COLLARS, AND OTHER ARTICLES OF WEARING APPAREL
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Wright at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 26th May
1859.
I, WILLIAM WRIGHT, of Deptford, in the County of Kent, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN FASTENING
SHIRTS, COLLARS, AND OTHER ARTICLES OF WEARING APPAREL," to be as follows:-
This improvement consists in making a stud or similar fastening to screw
and unscrew, the thread of the screw being formed in the stem or connecting
part of the stud, or in the shank. The inner plate or shank or part of the
stud is put underneath the shirt or other article, and the outer part is then
screwed into it, thus securely fastening the article and avoiding the necessity
of having the ordinary stud holes in shirts, through which studs frequently are
lost, for by this mode a very small aperture is required sufficient to admit the
stem through.
AN IMPROVED METHOD OF CONSTRUCTING RAILINGS, BARS, GATES, GRATINGS, COLUMNS, AND ALL OTHER BUILDER'S WORK OF A LIKE NATURE OR DESCRIPTION
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Godfrey Coombs at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 6th
January 1859.
I, HENRY GODFREY COOMBS, of No. 17, Union St., Boro', in the County of
Surrey, Ironfounder and Contractor, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "AN IMPROVED METHOD OF CONSTRUCTING RAILINGS, BARS, GATES,
GRATINGS, COLUMNS, AND ALL OTHER BUILDER'S WORK OF A LIKE NATURE OR
DESCRIPTION," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in the application of wrought, manufactured, or
other iron or metal tubes, together with iron or other metal fittings, ornaments,
or fixings to the same, in the shape of caps, bases, cross rails, or otherwise, to
be fixed thereto by screws or by heat, or by pins or rivets, or by any other con-
trivance that the nature of the work may demand, to the purpose of forming
railings, bars, verandahs, balconies, gratings, columns, and all other builder's
work of a like nature or description, where the above-named kind of goods
can be applied in any manner or way; also for fixing the bars into the cross
rails by means of compressed metal collars.
The great advantages of this description of construction consist in its great
economy, being from 20 to 30 per cent. cheaper than any other method of
metal construction for such articles; also its great lightness, being in the
case of large gates of the very utmost importance; also its resistance to
fracture.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR THE TRANSMISSION OF GAS AND OTHER FLUIDS
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Deane at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 8th March
1859.
I, EDWARD DEANE, of No. 1, Arthur Street East, London Bridge, in the
City of London, Gas Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR THE TRANSMISSION OF GAS AND
OTHER FLUIDS," to be as follows:―
This Invention consists in the adaptation of a screw or threaded rod or
column, or wormed plug (or shot or small globular bodies placed between
two perforated discs might answer the same purpose) inserted within the bore"
of the pipe used for the purpose of transmitting gas or fluids from the gas-
holder or reservoir to the point of use, by the adoption of which a helical or
spiral passage is produced, whereby the course of the fluid is so ordered as to
diminish the velocity of its flow, and this may be done to almost any extent
by altering the character of the screw, &c., before mentioned. In addition
to this a perforated plate may be placed across the pipe, and will then ensure
that the perfect action may be obtained.
This apparatus as applied to gas lighting may be placed near the burner,
to economize its consumption, and will prevent the escape of unconsumed
gas, and it may be applied to the meter, to regulate the passage of gas
through it.
The above is a description of the Invention, which might probably be varied
in its mere details.
AN IMPROVED METHOD OF CONNECTING TOGETHER THE PARTS OF WHICH BEDSTEADS AND OTHER FURNITURE ARE COMPOSED
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Harris at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 2nd July
1859.
I, HENRY HARRIS, of Newport, Isle of Wight, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED METHOD OF CONNECTING
TOGETHER THE PARTS OF WHICH BEDSTEADS AND OTHER FURNITURE ARE COMPOSED,"
to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in dispensing with the mortice and tenon fastenings
and long screws heretofore commonly employed for connecting together
wooden bedsteads, desks, and large tables, and other similar articles of
furniture, and substituting in lieu thereof a fastening of the following con-
struction, that is to say:-Upon each end of the cross pieces or side pieces
of a bedstead, table, or desk, for example, I affix a flush horse-shoe-shaped
casting, formed with bevilled edges inside, and to the bed posts or legs of a
table or desk I let in, and securely fix thereto, a flat piece of metal with
bevilled edges, so formed as to fit into the aforesaid horse-shoe-shaped piece,
so that, when such parts are placed one over the other, the sides and ends of
the bedstead, table, desk, or other similar article of furniture will be readily
and firmly secured and held together at a small cost.
AN IMPROVED ANTI-FOULING METALLIC VARNISH APPLICABLE TO SHIP'S BOTTOMS AND OTHER SIMILAR PURPOSES
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Matthew Crawford at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 16th February
1859.
I, MATTHEW CRAWFORD, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, Ship
Chandler, Ship Painter, Ironmonger, &c., do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "AN IMPROVED ANTI-FOULING METALLIC VARNISH APPLICABLE
TO SHIP'S BOTTOMS AND OTHER SIMILAR PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
I mix or amalgamate in any suitable proportions as may be found best by
experience, plumbago or black lead, fine or gum varnish, arsenic and spirits of
turpentine, which amalgamations make a varnish or paint to prevent the
fouling of ships' bottoms, and consequently ensures a greater speed.
THE MANUFACTURE OF A COLOURING MATTER FOR COLOURING SPIRITS, BEERS, VINEGAR, AND OTHER LIQUIDS FROM SUGAR PRODUCED FROM RICE, MAIZE, CARROTS, MAPLE, ANANAS, POMPIONS, CHESTNUTS, MANGEL-WURTZELL, SORGHO, TURNIPS, AND JERUSALEM ARTICHOKES
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alexandre Manbré at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 11th May
1859.
I, ALEXANDRE MANBRÉ, of N. 10, Rathbone Place, Oxford Street, London,
in the County of Middlesex, Brewer, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "THE MANUFACTURE OF A COLOURING MATTER FOR COLOURING
SPIRITS, BEERS, VINEGAR, AND OTHER LIQUIDS FROM SUGAR PRODUCED FROM RICE,
MAIZE, CARROTS, MAPLE, ANANAS, POMPIONS, CHESTNUTS, MANGEL-WURTZELL,
SORGHO, TURNIPS, AND JERUSALEM ARTICHOKES," to be as follows:-
A colouring matter for colouring spirits, beers, vinegar, and other liquids to
be made from the sugar produced from rice, maize, carrots, maple, ananas,
pompions, chestnuts, mangel-wurtzell, sorgho, turnips, and Jerusalem arti-
choks, and converted into caramel by the action of heat upon the above
materials.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN BANDS AND BELTS FOR THE WAIST
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Paterson at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 7th January
1859.
I, JOHN PATERSON, of Wood Street, in the City of London, Warehouseman,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVEMENT IN
BANDS AND BELTS FOR THE WAIST," to be as follows:-
My-Invention consists in rendering leather belts and bands for the waist
elastic, by introducing one or more pieces of elastic web under one or more
covering pieces of leather, and connecting the elastic web to the ends of the
leather forming the belt.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR SPINNING, DOUBLING, AND THROWING SILK, AND DOUBLING OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Gilbert McCulloch at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 21st February
1859.
I, GILBERT MCCULLOCH, of the City of Manchester, in the County of
Lancaster, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR SPINNING, DOUBLING, AND THROWING SILK,
AND DOUBLING OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS," to be as follows:-
I give motion to the bobbins and spindles at any required difference, in
order to wind on and also to obtain the desired twist, by attaching the spindle
and bobbin to toothed wheels of different numbers of teeth, which difference
is determined by the twist required; the said toothed wheels are put in motion
by other toothed wheels having discs of leather or other suitable material
resting upon the circumferences of plain wheels placed upon a shaft extending
from one end of the machine to the other.
IMPROVEMENTS IN EAR DILATORS
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Collier at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 20th September
1859.
I, EDWARD COLLIER, of Myddleton Street, Clerkenwell, in the County of
Middlesex, Surgical Instrument Maker, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN EAR DILATORS," to be as follows:-
An ear dilator, as understood, consists of a tube insterted in the tube of the
ear in order to expand it and keep it open, in order to improve the hearing
when that organ has a tendency to collapse, which, as made hitherto, consists
simply of a piece of silver tube with a funnel mouth.
Now according to my Invention I make ear dilators with the tube or part
inserted in the barrel of the ear in two or more parts, the division or divisions
being longitudinal, and the parts hinged together so that they may be inserted
in the year in a collapsed state, and afterwards, by the aid of a small thumb-
screw or other contrivance, caused to expand in and open the ear; these dilators
are furnished with funnel mouths as usual. I am aware that instruments
have been before inserted in the ear, and expanded for the purpose of observing
the ear, or conducting operations therein.
IMPROVEMENTS IN GALLOONS, TAPES, OR RIBBONS, FOR SUPPORTING STEEL AND OTHER HOOPS USED FOR DISTENDING LADIES' DRESSES
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Myron Holley Chapin at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 2nd
June 1859.
I, MYRON HOLLEY CHAPIN, of 4, Gresham Street, in the City of London,
& of Murray Street, New York, United States of America, Merchant, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN GALLOONS,
TAPES, OR RIBBONS, FOR SUPPORTING STEEL AND OTHER HOOPS USED FOR DISTENDING
LADIES' DRESSES," to be as follows:-
My improvements in galloon, ribbon, or tape supporters for hoops used in
distending ladies' dresses consist in forming such supports of a double thickness
at the part where the hoop or distending band is placed, and so as to form a
casing into which the hoop is slid, while between these points the galloon,
ribbon, or tape is of a single thickness.
These casings are woven at regular intervals, so that by using a number of
these supports with the casings in corresponding positions a skeleton hoop
distender is readily made up by simply slipping the hoops through the several
casings and attaching all the supports to a waist band at top.
IMPROVEMENT IN THE METHOD OF APPLYING HEAT IN THE MANUFACTURE AND DRYING OF SALT
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Green at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 16th November
1859.
I, CHARLES GREEN, of Winnington, near Northwich, in the County of
Chester, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENT IN THE METHOD OF APPLYING HEAT IN THE MANUFACTURE AND
DRYING OF SALT," to be as follows :-
My improvement consists in applying heat by burning of gas under the pans
in which the salt is manufactured, instead of by coal fires as at present, and
drying the salt when manufactured by means of heat or hot air produced by
the burning of gas instead of by flues from the fires carried thro' the drying
places as at present. The heat may be applied under the pans by one or
more large burners or numerous small burners or jets, and hot air may be
conveyed from under the pans direct into the drying houses by tubes or pipes.
The mode of conveying the gas to or under the pans may be arranged
according to the plan or convenience of the premises.
PAYING-OUT SUBMARINE TELEGRAPH CABLES
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederic Newton Gisborne at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
19th September 1859.
FREDERIC NEWTON GISBORNE, of Number 3, Adelaide Place, in the City
of London, Engineer, doth hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "PAYING-OUT SUBMARINE TELEGRAPH CABLES," to be as follows:-
The cable to be coiled round a vertical cylinder or other body or frame, by
preference, with sides parallel with the central axis, in which revolves a spindle
having a slotted arm, which carries a guide, through which the cable passes.
The action of the guide in the slot is determined either by the movement of
the cable itself when being coiled or uncoiled, or by a simple mechanical
arrangement for gradually decreasing or increasing the circle described by said
guide. The cable having been drawn from the vessel's hold over a pulley or
drum is made to pass between a double series of grooved wheels or rollers.
The lower series is put in motion by steam or hand power, applied by
preference to friction rollers. The upper series is set in moveable yokes, and
act upon the cable immediately above the adjacent spaces between the faces of
the lower wheels. Pressure can be applied at pleasure upon the yokes either
by weights or springs. By this arrangement the cable will be assisted over-
board as in delivering a log line by hand, and will be liberated from strain
during any sudden rise of the vessel in a sea way in proportion to the quickness
of such rise.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR CLASPING AND CLOSING BOOKS, PURSES, RETICULES, AND OTHER SIMILAR ARTICLES, AND FOR RETAINING AND SECURING PAPER, DOCUMENTS, LETTERS, BILLS, AND OTHER MEMORANDA
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Meacham at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 29th January
1859.
I, JAMES MEACHAM, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS
FOR CLASPING AND CLOSING BOOKS, PURSES, RETICULES, AND OTHER SIMILAR ARTICLES,
AND FOR RETAINING AND SECURING PAPER, DOCUMENTS, LETTERS, BILLS, AND
OTHER MEMORANDA," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is more securely to close, hold, and retain
books, papers, documents, purses, reticules, and other like articles.
The first part consists of an elastic clasp for books; the sides are rigid, but
the clasp being elastic allows of the insertion of papers, documents, &c.
The second part consists of an elastic band of a peculiar make, for
closing books, and simultaneously retaining papers. The band has a rigid
loop for receiving the back of the book, and two hooks or other contrivances
which are fastened to the covers; the band is then secured by a stud and
slot, or other similar means, and forms a spring clasp, so that the book
is fastened while it will admit of being opened to receive papers, and papers
may be attached to either side of the book under the elastic band.
Thirdly, the Invention consists of an elastic band, with hooks or other
similar fastenings.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BUFFERS, DRAW SPRINGS, AND BEARING SPRINGS
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Brown at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 1st January
1859.
I, JOHN BROWN, the younger, of the Rotherham Iron Works, Rotherham,
in the County of York, Ironfounder, do hereby declare the nature of the
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN BUFFERS, DRAW SPRINGS, AND BEARING
SPRINGS," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in constructing railway buffers, draw springs, or
bearing springs each with two or more spiral springs, supported and kept in
their proper positions by means of tubes connected together by telescopic
joints, so that they may slide within each other, each spring having a separate
set of tubes. By these means railway buffers, draw springs, and bearing
springs may be constructed having great extent of play.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF CHILDREN'S CARRIAGES CALLED "PERAMBULATORS
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Job Orton Smith at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 30th September
1859.
I, JOB ORTON SMITH, of 18, Warwick Court, Gray's Inn, in the County of
Middlesex, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF CHILDREN'S CARRIAGES CALLED
"PERAMBULATORS," " to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in arranging the body of the perambulator, so that
the upper part of the back (from its junction with the seat) and the board,
which is usually placed (and which I in all cases place) at right angles with
the seat, and between the front part thereof, and the bottom of the body (and
which board I call the "leg-board") shall respectively work on hinges con-
necting the same respectively with the hinder and fore parts of the seat, the
back and leg-board being themselves connected together by rods or by some
other simple contrivance (working underneath the seat), so that the back may
be drawn down and the leg-board rise up simultaneously. In this manner a
resting place may be formed for the occupant, if desired, the said back and leg-
board being capable of being adjusted at any desired inclination, and for this
purpose any contrivance may be used which may seem most simple and
effectual. And with perambulators which carry two occupants (usually called
"double perambulators") I divide the back and the leg-board respectively
into two portions, so as to work separately, in order that one occupant may be
reclining and the other sitting (if desired) at the same time.
IMPROVEMENTS IN STOVES OR FIRE-PLACES
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL. SPECIFICATION left by John Juckes at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 8th February
1859.
I, JOHN JUCKES, of Dame Street, Wharf Road, City Road, Islington, do
hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN STOVES
OR FIRE-PLACES," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in stoves or fire-places.
For these purposes, in order to supply the fresh coal below the ignited fuel in
a fire-place or stove, an inclined bottom is fixed to each stove or fire-place in
such manner that the front edge of the inclined bottom is forward of the
inner edge of the lower front fire bar. The inclined bottom may have
openings through it, or it may be closed so as to admit or prevent the passage
of air through it to the fuel thereon, according as may be preferred. The
fresh coal is placed in a drawer or box, the bottom of which comes just below
the front edge of the inclined bottom of the grate or stove, and so that as the
drawer or box is pushed under such bottom, the fresh coal will rise up the
incline under the ignited' fuel and raise it up within the grate or stove. The
drawer or box in which the coal is placed has no back to it, but is simply
closed by three upright sides, and the bottom of the grate or stove is supported
at the back, so as to admit of the two upright sides of the drawer or box passing
in under the grate or stove. In place of arranging the drawer or box to move
out and in in a rectilinear direction, as above described, it may be modified in
form, and caused to move about a centre, on which it is mounted at the lower
part of the grate or stove.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR PREPARING COTTON AND OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS TO BE SPUN
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Thomas Hughes at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
6th January 1859.-A communication from César Vallée, resident at
Cernay, in the Empire of France (Département du Haut Rhin)
I, EDWARD THOMAS HUGHES, of the firm of Hughes & Son, Patent Agents,
123, Chancery Lane, London, W.C., do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR PREPARING
COTTON AND OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS TO BE SPUN," a communication from César
Vallée, resident at Cernay, in the Empire of France, (Département du Haut
Rhin,) to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to carding engines, and consists of arranging an
additional cylinder to the ordinary carding engine, which additional cylinder
receives the material to be carded from the feeding rollers, and passes it either
direct to the ordinary large cylinder, or through the medium of a breaker, as
may be found desirable. By this arrangement of two carding cylinders, the
feeding roller can be driven at much greater speed than has been hitherto
done without injuring the fibre of the material; and it also admits of a much
greater number of laps than the ordinary card, by which more perfect carding
is effected, and double the quantity of work produced.
Iм- PROVEMENTS IN SELF-ACTING APPARATUS APPLICABLE TO LETTER-PRESS PRINTING MACHINES FOR SUPPLYING AND REMOVING THE PAPER
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Daniel Bentley at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 31st January
1859.
I, DANIEL BENTLEY, of Accrington, in the County of Lancaster, Millwright
and Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "Iм-
PROVEMENTS IN SELF-ACTING APPARATUS APPLICABLE TO LETTER-PRESS PRINTING
MACHINES FOR SUPPLYING AND REMOVING THE PAPER," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in applying to letter-press printing machines an air
cylinder, to which suitable jointed or flexible pipes are connected. The air
cylinder is furnished with a piston, which in moving forms a partial vacuum
in the pipes, and this partial vacuum is made available for lifting the upper
sheet of paper from the pile by which the printing machine is supplied, and
suitable machinery is employed to bring forward the sheet of paper so lifted,
and to deposit it within reach of the flaps or other agents by which the paper
is taken hold of and delivered to the type. A similar arrangement of pipes is
also employed to remove the paper from the printing machine when printed.
In supplying the paper to be printed to the machine, it is usual to loosen
the ends of the sheets in order that they may be taken off separately with
facility, but as the top sheet might sometimes adhere to the one below it, I
make use of a wire or other instrument to pass between the sheets after the
front end of the top sheet has been lifted by the partial vacuum in the pipes,
as described.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR PROPELLING VESSELS
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Francis John Bettles at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 15th
December 1859.
I, FRANCIS JOHN BETTLES, of Kingsland, in the County of Middlesex, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
APPARATUS FOR PROPELLING VESSELS," to be as follows:-
I use paddles or floats made of wood or metal, or the two combined, attached
to an endless band or chain passing over two or more wheels, one or more
wheels giving motion to the band; by this means a lengthened sweep of the
paddles is obtained instead of a short dip, which is the only result of the
present paddle wheels. By this means greater power and increased speed
are given. The propelling apparatus may be worked by steam power or
otherwise.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN RAILWAY SWITCHES
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Buckham at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 25th April
1859.
I, THOMAS BUCKHAM, of Gloucester, in the County of Gloucester, Civil
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN
IMPROVEMENT IN RAILWAY SWITCHES," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to the method of connecting the moveable or acting
switch rail to the fixed head rail of the permanent way of railways. Ordi-
narily the switch rails turn on a centre pin passing direct through the rail
and the chair.
This Invention consists in connecting the moveable switch rail to the fixed
head rail by a hinge joint "fished" to each side of the ends of the switch rail
and head rail. One of the hinge joints acting as the centre on which the
switch rail moves, whilst the other has the hole in which the pin fits made
oval or slotted about one-eighth of an inch in the direction in which the
rail moves, in order to allow of the required movement of the said switch
rail.
AN IMPROVED MECHANISM FOR OBTAINING AND IMPARTING MOTIVE POWER
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Bosshard at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 29th April
1859.
I, HENRY BOSSHARD, of Paris, in the Empire of France, Engineer, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED MECHANISM FOR
OBTAINING AND IMPARTING MOTIVE POWER," to be as follows:-
I propose to construct a motor or driving apparatus capable of being motived
by wind, water, or other natural power, to consist of an arrangement of wheels
and shafts usually known as clockwork, together with weights and barrels.
As one of the barrels is being wound up by the action of the wind, water, or
other natural power upon the sails, water-wheel, or other apparatus connected
with it for that purpose, one of the weights will drive the other barrel, the axle
of which will set the clock work in motion. During the descent of this weight, the
first-mentioned barrel will have been completely wound up, and the couplings
and chains in their descent moving a lever bring the second weight into gear,
which in its turn moves the clockwork. The apparatus by which the wind or
water-power is obtained will be arrested when either of the weights is entirely
wound up, and released when either of them shall have entirely run down. A
shaft from the clockwork will transmit the power so obtained in any required
direction. To prevent any interruption in the working of the clockwork, neither
of the weights should descend under thirty or sixty days. The object of the
Invention is to collect a power produced periodically, and to convert it by
means of the mechanical arrangements herein generally described into a
perpetual, or if desired fixed periodical movement.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF STEAM BOILERS
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Christopher Rapier at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
14th September 1859.
I, RICHARD CHRISTOPHER RAPIER, of Newcastle-upon-Tyne, in the County
of Northumberland, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF STEAM BOILERS," to be
as follows:-
My Invention is intended to obviate the strain thrown on steam boilers by
the unequal expansion of the flues and the shell of the boiler.
I fasten one end only of the fire box or flue to one end of the boiler, and the
other end passes through a stuffing box bolted on the other end of the boiler,
so as to allow the fire box or flue to slide out and in, as it becomes hot or cold,
without allowing the water to leak out. The stuffing or packing may be
made of india-rubber, hemp, brass, or any other suitable material. I do not
confine myself to any particular mode of fastening or tightening it up. The
end of the fire box or flue, which slides in the stuffing box may be turned, and
may be made either of wrought or cast iron, and may also be made with an
air or water space where the packing fits against it, so as to avoid the danger
of burning the packing. The ends of a boiler thus made must be stiffened by
gusset stays or longitudinal stays, as the ends are deprived of the support
ordinarily given to them by the flues.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN LOCKS, BOLTS, AND LATCHES
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Adolphus at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 4th May
1859.
I, JOSEPH ADOLPHUS, of No. 1, Serle Street, London, in the County of
Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN
IMPROVEMENT IN LOCKS, BOLTS, AND LATCHES," to be as follows:-
This improvement applies chiefly to such locks and latches as are applied to
house or other doors, gates, or shutters, and is intended to afford additional
security to such locks and latches by preventing the possibility of the bolt of
the lock being shot back or the latch raised until released by some person on
the inner side of the said door, gate, or shutter.
The improvement as applied to locks and bolts consists of a pin, peg, or
screw, which (when it is desired to secure the lock or bolt) is passed through
the fixed part of the lock or bolt, and into, through, or behind the sliding bolt
in such a manner that the said bolt cannot possibly be shot back until such
pin, peg, or screw has been withdrawn by some person on the inner side of the
door, gate, or shutter.
The improvement as applied to latches consists in the use of a similar pin,
peg, or screw, which (when it is desired to secure the latch) is passed into,
through, or above the latch, and into the back plate or fixed part of the latch
for the purpose above described.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE TREATMENT OF CERTAIN OFFENSIVE LIQUIDS, AND OF NOXIOUS GASES LIBERATED FROM SUCH LIQUIDS
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Gossage at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 16th August
1859.
I, WILLIAM GOSSAGE, of Widnes, in the County of Lancaster, Chemist, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
TREATMENT OF CERTAIN OFFENSIVE LIQUIDS, AND OF NOXIOUS GASES LIBERATED
FROM SUCH LIQUIDS," to be as follows:-
The offensive liquids, for the treatment of which my improvements are
applicable, are such liquids as contain sulphuretted hydrogen or phosphuretted
bydrogen, or contain such compounds of sulphur or phosphorus as
capable of liberating sulphuretted bydrogen or phosphuretted hydrogen, also
such liquids as contain compounds of hydrogen with other substances, which
compounds are capable of being decomposed by oxydation of the hydrogen
forming one of their constituents.
I effect my improvements in the treatment of such liquids, also of the
noxious gases liberated from such liquids, by the use of certain oxides of iron
or of manganese; these oxides being such as are capable of giving up oxygen
to the compounds of hydrogen herein-before mentioned; the oxygen so
given up being the agent by which the oxydation of hydrogen is effected in
the treatment of the liquids and gases herein-before mentioned.
IMPROVEMENTS IN GAS METERS
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Goldsmith at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 14th October
1859.
I, GEORGE GOLDSMITH, of Leicester, Gas Meter Inspector, do hereby declare
the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN GAS METERS," to be as
follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in gas meters. For these
purposes the ordinary measuring wheel is employed, and the gas is introduced
into the interior thereof in the ordinary manner; and in order to get and
maintain a constant water line in respect to the measuring wheel, the bearings
of the axis of the measuring wheel are affixed to and carried by a float, the
shape of which it is preferred should be of a curved form, so as to pass under
the measuring wheel, and to rise up on either side of the periphery of that
wheel, one end of the float being attached by a hinge or joint to the case of
the metre, the other end of the float passing into an inverted case or cover,
the lower edges of which dip into the water contained in the case of the
metre; but the form and arrangement of the float for carrying the bearings
of the axis of the measuring wheel may be greatly varied, so long as that
whatever be the quantity of water in the metre, provided that there is sufficient
to uphold the float and measuring wheel, the measuring wheel may be retained
subject to the same water level. In communicating motion from the axis of
the measuring wheel, a screw and screw wheel are used, as heretofore, but
provision is made for giving motion to the driving axis of registering apparatus

page_text: from the screw wheel (which is carried by the float) by two projections affixed
thereto, which come on either side of a cross head affixed to the driving axis
of the registering apparatus; or motion may be communicated from the screw
wheel by other convenient means. A flexible tube is interposed between the
inlet passage for the gas and the tube which conducts the gas to the wheel.
In order to prevent gas entering the metre when the water falls too low in the
case, the float has connected to it a rod or instrument attached to a valve in
the inlet passage, so that the valve is shut when the float is not upheld by the
water to a certain height, and gas is allowed to flow into the inverted cover or
case before mentioned, as well as into the measuring wheel, so that the
pressure in the wheel and case will be constant.
AN IMPROVED BRAKE FOR RETARDING RAILWAY AND OTHER CARRIAGES
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Ransley at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 18th June
1859.
I, JAMES RANSLEY, of No. 19, Prince's Terrace, Islington, in the County of
Middlesex, Carriage Builder, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "AN IMPROVED BRAKE FOR RETARDING RAILWAY AND OTHER CARRIAGES,"
to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to retard the progress of (or altogether stop)
railway carriages or those on common roads, and is effected in the following
manner: To the body of the carriage immediately under its back end is fixed
a lever, one end of which projects in a horizontal line, the other end in a
vertical line, and has secured to it a brake block, either of metal only, or
metal lined with wood. It will appear evident that as the guard or conductor
places his foot upon a plate on the end of the horizontal or bell-crank lever, his
weight will force the brake block against the periphery of the hinder wheel at
the back part thereof, and effectually prevent the revolution of the same..
IMPROVEMENTS IN ELECTRIC TELEGRAPHIC CABLES FOR SUBMARINE AND SUBTERRANEAN USES, AND IN SUBMERGING THE SAME
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Ignazio Zacheroni at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 27th October
1859.
I, IGNAZIO ZACHERONI, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, Artist,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
ELECTRIC TELEGRAPHIC CABLES FOR SUBMARINE AND SUBTERRANEAN USES, AND IN
SUBMERGING THE SAME," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists of an arrangement of materials or substances by
which electric telegraphic cables are made to contain in small space several
conducting mediums combining strength, lightness, and pliancy, with an
addition or application allowing the same to be submerged with perfect safety.
The core or centre is made of hemp, flax, or other vegetable fibre twisted into
a rope or cord; running longitudinally with this rope are the conducting
mediums, made of copper or other metal, and consisting of one or more wires
insulated by or firmly embedded in gutta percha or like substance; outside
of these are placed a sufficient number of ropes made of a vegetable fibre
placed either parallel with or spirally round the conductors; the whole to be
coated with gutta percha or similar non-conducting material. The vegetable
fibres may be covered with bees-wax. I purpose paying the cable, afore-
described, from vessels by the machinery already used for that purpose, but
at distances, varying according to the depth of the ocean, are to be attached
pieces of cork to assist in supporting great lengths.