CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN CRANES,. VESSELS, AND APPARATUS FOR DELIVERING COALS FROM SHIPPING TO WHARPS, WAREHOUSES, WAGGONS, OR CARTS, WITHOUT THE EMPLOYMENT OF LIGHTERS, AS USUAL, AND THE WHOLE OR PARTS OF WHICH SAID IMPROVEMENTS ARE ALSO APPLICABLE TO OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1833

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JAMES
CALDWALL, of the New Crane, Shadwell, in the County of Middlesex, Coal
Merchant, send greeting.
WHEREAS His present most Excellent Majesty King William the Fourth,
by His Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date
at Westminster, the Twelfth day of June, in the third year of His reign, did,
for Himself, His heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said
James Caldwall, His especial licence, full power, sole privilege and authority,
that I, the said James Caldwall, my exors, admors, and assigns, or such
others as I, the said James Caldwall, my exors, admors, or assigns, should
at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times
during the term of years therein expressed, should and lawfully might make,
use, exercise, and vend, within England, Wales, and the Town of Berwick-
upon-Tweed, my Invention of "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN CRANES,. VESSELS,
AND APPARATUS FOR DELIVERING COALS FROM SHIPPING TO WHARPS, WAREHOUSES,
WAGGONS, OR CARTS, WITHOUT THE EMPLOYMENT OF LIGHTERS, AS USUAL, AND THE
WHOLE OR PARTS OF WHICH SAID IMPROVEMENTS ARE ALSO APPLICABLE TO OTHER
PURPOSES;" in which said Letters Patent is contained a proviso that I, the
said James Caldwall, shall cause a particular description of the nature of my
said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be
inrolled in His said Majesty's High Court of Chancery within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said in part recited

page_text: Letters Patent, as in and by the same, reference being thereunto had, will
more fully and at large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
James Caldwall, do hereby declare that the nature of my said Invention,
and the manner in which the same is to be performed, are particularly
described and ascertained in and by the Drawings hereunto annexed, and the
following description thereof (that is to say) :-
Figure 1 is a side view or elevation, and Figure 2 a back view of a move-
able metal standard or pillar, turning on pivots at its top and bottom, the
latter in a bearing affixed to the deck of a ship, and the upper one in a pivot
hole or bearing supported by an arm or bracket firmly affixed to the mast,
shrouds, or other parts of the ship or vessel. This pillar A, A, has upon it a
toothed rack B, B, Fig. 2, for a pinion, shewn by dotted lines in Fig. 1 at C,
to act in, and on each side of the rack B other racks or ratchets D, D, are
mounted, into which a double or forked click E, with a lever or handle to it,
is made occasionally to act. The pinion C is mounted upon an axis turning
in bearings affixed to a socket F, Fig. 2, which is formed of two side plates
G, G, and two blocks, one of which is shewn in Fig. 2, at H, fitted between
them. The socket F has two platforms I, I, with side rails hinged to its
lower part, so as to be occasionally turned up out of the way, as shewn on the
right side in Fig. 2. These platforms I, I, have stops J, J, affixed upon them,
which abut against the side plates G, G, and preserve the platform in a
horizontal position. A handle or winch K is mounted upon the axis of the
pinion C, and also a brake wheel L, Figure 2, which is nearly surrounded by
a brake or gripe M, M, one end of which brake is affixed to the side plate G,
and its other end to the lever N, which turns upon a pin or stud at O, and its
shorter end is connected with the brake, so as to close it upon the brake
wheel in the usual manner. The brake wheel has also a handle or winch P
affixed to it. A loop Q is attached to the socket, from which a rope R passes
over a pulley S, mounted in the upper part of the pulley A, and thence over
another pulley T, which is mounted in an arm U projecting over the hatch-
way of the ship or vessel, but which arm U turns with the pillar either way, as
required; and in order to facilitate such turning friction rollers V, V, are
mounted at the ends of a cross bar W affixed upon the lower end of the
pillar A, and which roll upon a circular plate X affixed upon the deck of the
vessel.
Figure 8 is a side view, Figure 4 an end view, Figure 5 a top view, and
Figure 6 a bottom view of a metal or wooden coal box, mounted upon wheels,
and furnished with a hook and slings, by means of which it can be attached to

page_text: the rope R proceeding from the above-described machine, Fig. 7 being a
longitudinal section of it, taken at the dotted line Y, Y, in Fig. 6. Z, Z, in
Figs. 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7, are the exterior sides and ends of the box, and a, a,
Fig. 7, the interior ones, b, b, in Fig. 5, being longitudinal division plates,
and c, Figs. 5, 6, and 7, a central top plate. d, d, d, d, in Figs. 5 and 6, are
four moveable bottoms which, when in the horizontal position shewn by one
of them in the section, Fig. 7, close the four separate measures, each intended
to contain about two hundredweight of coals. The bottoms d, d, d, d, are
retained in the closed or horizontal position by means of metal rods or bars,
one of which is shewn at e in Fig. 7, in action, and as retained in that situation
by means of a stopf which, when turned down, keeps the shoulder 9 upon the
bar e, underneath the top plate c; when, however, the stop f is turned up,
the shoulder g can be released, and the bottom d opened, as shewn in Fig. 7,
when the coals will be discharged. The dotted circular arcs and the arrow
exhibit the movement of the bottom d from its sloping position, as above
described, to its horizontal one, as shewn by dotted lines. Now supposing
that the coal box and its contents weigh from nine to ten hundredweight, and
that the socket, wheelwork, and platforms, and the two men standing thereon,
weigh about five hundredweight. In this case they will only have to raise
about half the load they otherwise would have been required to do by turning
the winches affixed upon the pinion axis, and the pinion acting in the rack
B, B, downwards. For lowering the coal box into the ship's hold they will
merely have to raise themselves, and the platforms and wheelwork in a similar
manner, and in which operation they will also be assisted by the weight of the
coal box, the brake and brake wheel serving to regulate the movements, and
to prevent the too rapid descent of the parts, whilst the double click E, acting
in the teeth of the two ratchets D, D, serve to retain the platforms at any
required height. Instead of mounting the standard or pilla A upon a ship's
deck, as shewn in Fig. 1, I can affix it in the hold in the following manner:-
In Fig. 8, A is the pillar, secured firmly at its bottom, and supported above to
the side or end of the hatchway by a bracket or arm h, so as to allow the socket
and platforms to be raised or lowered upon the pillar freely. This is better
shewn in the plan, Fig. 9, and still better in the horizontal section, Fig. 10.
Upon the top of the pillar A is a pivot i, around which the beam j revolves,
its outer end being furnished with a friction roller k, which runs upon a
circular platform l, supported on the columns m, m, affixed to the ship's deck.
In the moveable beamj two pulleys n, n, are mounted, over which the rope
R, R, R, passes, and the coal box can thus be raised out of the ship's hold,
and turned towards its side, in order to deliver the coals it held either by this

page_text: mode of supporting the pilla A, or that shewn in Fig. 1, where the pillar
itself can be turned either way, so as to bring the coal box over a waggon,
into which the coals are to be received, and conveyed by a railway on which
the waggon runs, either into an ordinary waggon or cart, or other conveyance,
or upon a wharf, or into a warehouse, &c., as may be required. Instead of a
coal box, boxes, bales, or other goods may be raised and lowered. I can also
employ a frame similar to that shewn in Fig. 11, to each end of which part of
a railway may be hinged or jointed, so as to turn up or down, as may be
required, and as shewn by dotted lines, and the coal waggon is made to tilt or
deliver its load, as is likewise shewn by dotted lines in that Figure.
Figure 12 is a crane to be affixed to a warehouse, or upon a wharf for
landing coals. It has a counterbalance weight o, which is raised. or lowered
by means of a rope, which passes over the pulley p to the barrel of the crane,
another rope also passing from the same barrel, but on its opposite side over
the pulley q, and from thence over another pulley, which is affixed in a
moveable gibs, turning on pivots in metal holds or bearings mounted to the
frame of the crane, the coal box or waggon being hung from the latter rope, to
be raised or lowered, as required. Two reversed ratchet wheels with clicks
(not shewn) must be affixed upon the axis of the barrel of the crane to stop
and retain the load in any situation, as may be requisite in use.
Fig. 13 is another crane, mounted on wheels or rollers, and having a frame t
hung upon two ropes, which pass over pulleys u, u, and over two other pullies,
one of which is shewn at v, to the barrel of the crane, so as to be raised or
lowered. The frame t is. guided or steadied in its motion up and down by
means of square sockets, four of which are shewn at w, w, w, w, which slide
upon four pillars mounted in the frame of the crane. The frame has also two
rails a, a, upon its lower part, on which a coal waggon Y, or a truck with
wheels can be placed, in order to deliver its loading at any required place or
height within the scope or limits of the crane.
Fig. 14 is another application of the pillar A, described in references to
Figs. 1 and 2, to the purposes of raising and lowering coals, and also casks,
boxes, or other articles, being furnished with the moveable platform G, and
wheelwork, rack, and ratchets, as in those Figures, and which, therefore, need
not be more particularly described here. It has, however, in addition, an
upright standard z, mounted to the framework, which supports the pillar A
firmly in its vertical position, and upon this standard z the frame or cage 1 is
guided upwards and downwards by means of the sockets 2, 2, which slide
upon it. A rope 3 is passed from the platform G over two pulleys 4, 4,
mounted at the top of the framework; and down to the frame or cage 1, which