IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD of ELEVATING LIQUIDS, AND MEANS TO BE EMPLOYED FOR THAT PURPOSE
Year: 1877

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James Ledger, Engineer and Patent Agent, of 61, Fleet
Street, London, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD of
ELEVATING LIQUIDS, AND MEANS TO BE EMPLOYED FOR THAT PURPOSE " A
communication from abroad by Jean Baptiste Van Oosterwyck, of Lille, in the
French Republic.
Sealed the 13th July 1877, and dated the 1st February 1877.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James Ledger at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 1st February 1877
JAMES LEDGER, Engineer and Patent Agent, of 61, Fleet Street, London
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF EI EVATING LIQUIDS, AND MEANS TO BE
EMPLOYED FOR THAT PURPOSE' A communication from abroad by Jean Baptiste
Van Oosterwyck, of Lille, in the French Republic
"
This Invention consists in certain improvements on a former Invention for which
Letters Patent were applied for by the said Jean Baptiste Van Oosterwyck on
the 5th day of August, AD 1876, numbered 3118, for "A New and Improved
Method of Elevating Liquids, and Means to be Employed for that Purpose," and
the present Invention is based on the principle set forth in the said former Inven-
tion, and consists in certain special anangements of the apparatus described and
epresented in the said former Patent, e, to the pumps, transmission of forces, and
other parts; for instance, the pump worked by a piston or by means of bellows are
arranged in such a manner that the liquid before descending on the receiver,
hydraulic wheel, turbine, or such like motor, acts on a piston, bellows, or other
suitable organ, and transmitts the said motion to another piston, bellows, or other
suitable organ connected with it at the same time, using (if necessary) the air
expulsed from the body of the pump or contained between the exterior liquid to
force the said air into a reservoir of well, so that it may help to elevate the liquid
contained in the said reservoir in combination with the apparatuses described and
represented in the aforesaid former Patent and according to the principle of what
is known as the Heron fountain
The following shows the manner of applying the above arrangement to rotary
pumps in general.-On the periphery of a tooth wheel and in gear with it are

page_text: placed pinions fixed to the axles of several rotary pumps When the said wheel
18 put in motion either by the liquid elevated by the pumps or otherwise acting
on a hydraulic wheel, turbine, or other suitable hydraulic motor, the said motion is
transmitted to each of the aforesaid rotary pumps which will exhaust from a closed
or air-tight reservoir or reservons a certain quantity of liquid This liquid will 5
then be replaced by other liquid which falls into the said reservoir or reservoirs, or
1s pumped therein by the means employed in the aforesaid former Patent
•
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said James Ledger in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 1st August
1877
JAMES LEDGER, Engineer and Patent Agent, of 61, Fleet Street, London
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF ELEVATING LIQUIDS, AND MEANS TO BE
EMPLOYED FOR THAT PURPOSE." A communication from abroad by Jean Baptiste
Van Oosterwyck, of Lille, in the French Republic
This Invention consists in certain unprovements on a former Invention for which
Letters Patent were applied for by the said Jean Baptiste Van Oosterwyck on
the 5th day of August, AD 1876, numbered 3118, for "A New and Improved
Method of Elevating Liquids, and Means to be Employed for that Purpose," and
the present Invention is based on the principle set forth in the said former Inven-
tion, and consists in certain special arrangements of the apparatuses described and
represented in the said former Patent, we, to the pumps, transmission of forces, and
other parts, for instance, the pumps worked by a piston or by means of bellows
are arranged in such a manner that the liquid before descending on the receiver,
hydraulic wheel, turbine, or such-like motor, acts on a piston, bellows, or other
suitable organ, and transmitts the said motion to another piston, bellows, or other
suitable organ connected with it at the same tune, using (if necessary) the an
expulsed from the body of the pump on contained between the exterior liquid to
force the said an into a resei von or well, so that it may help to elevate the liquid
contained in the said reservou in combination with the apparatuses described and
represented in the aforesaid former Patent, and according to the principle of what is
known as the Heron fountain
.
The following shows the manner of applying the above arrangement to rotary
pumps in general -On the periphery of a tooth wheel and in gear with it are
placed pinions fixed to the axles of several rotary pumps
When the said wheel
18 put in motion, either by the liquid olevated by the pumps, or otherwise acting on
a hydraulic wheel, turbine, on other suitable bydraulic motor, the said motion is
transmitted to each of the aforesaid rotary pumps which will exhaust from a closed
or air-tight reservon on reservoirs a certain quantity of liquid This liquid will
then be replaced by other liquid which falls into the said iesel von on reser vous,
018 pumped therein by the means employed in the atoresaid former Patent
And in order to explain this Invention more fully 1 will now proceed to describe
.the means whereby it may be put into practical effect, reference being had to the
illustrative Sheets of Diawings accompanying these presents and to the numeral
figuies and letters of reference marked thereon respectively as follows.—
DESCRIPTION OF FIGURE 1.
This Figure shows a mode of elevating liquids based on the same mechanical"
means and principles which are described in the Patent No 3118/, combined with
other known laws and engines, such as pumps, transmission of pressure by gases,
flow of liquids, and different means which can produce the required forces to obtain
an independent one. The pumps are put in motion by the liquid in the different
reservous without passing by the cages of the hydraulic scale, or by the combina-

page_text: communicate with the reservoir 3 so as to act as communicating vessels The
receiver consists of a water wheel, turbine, or chain pump The flow takes place
as much by the liquid which falls on to the receiver as by that which leaves it.
The elevation of the liquid is made by injection, according to the principle of
communicating vessels and by the Heron fountain The pumps used are screw
pumps, and only serve to pump the liquid which the pressure of air forces in the
1eservoir These pumps are actuated by the liquid of the top reservoir which
presses on one side on a chain pump and on the other on a turbine
receivers put in motion a cog wheel, around which are arranged on separate axles
or shafts pinions which each actuate a rotary or other pump The hydraulic fly
wheel may be placed inside a case containing liquid under pressure
The position and size of the pumps may vary according to circumstances, they
may be used to pump the liquid from the top and also be combined with principles
described and known in science
These two
1 and 2, cages of hydraulic scales (these can be replaced by cylinders and
pistons), 3, reservoirs of liquid, 4, lever; 5, bell valve, 6, pipe from hydraulic
wheel containing water spout, 7, water spout, 8, conical valve, 9, turbine
hydraulic wheel (the receivers may be placed one over the other so as to accumulato
power), 10, adjutage, 11, reservoir of liquid transmitting its pressure to the
pumps This reservoir may be fed by any other reservon at any desired height,
12, pumps, which can be placed one over the other, 13, reservon of liquid under
pressure or well, 1+, transmission of pressure by gas on the principle of the Heion
fountain, 15, pipe, which places in communication the liquid of the upper reservoirs
with resei voir 13 and ascension pipes on the principle of communicating vessels,
16, ascension pipe of the pump, 17, delivering pipe, 18, supports, 19, chain pump,
20, transmission, 21, axle of turbine, 22, ascension pipe, 23, hydraulic fly wheel,
which is made hollow and filled with liquid so as to give it the desued weight,
24, sides of the reservoirs, 25, case containing the fly wheel, 26, pipe bringing
the liquid on the receiver, 27, pulley of the chain pump, 28, valve for the distri-
bution of liquid under and above the piston of reservoir 11, 29, pipe for feeding
reservou 11
This reservoir may also be fed by reservoir 13, 30, cog wheel
MODE OF OPERATION
The liquid after having passed from the upper reservoirs by the hydraulic wheel
falls into reservon 3, by passing through pipe 6 In this pipe is a water spout 7
The liquid then flows in one of the cages of the hydraulic scale through the
valve 28, it enters, under a piston or bellows, the said piston, which is in com-
munication by a ngid transmission or otherwise with the cages of the hydraulic
scale and the pumps 12, forces out on one side of these pumps the liquid raised by
pipe 16, and on the other the air or gas by pipe 14, this gas or air compressing the
liquid of reservoir 13 aids to force it up, as in the Heron fountain
Other parts of
the liquid are raised by the force produced by the waterspout or other means
The chain pump 19, receiving its motion from the liquid in the upper reservoir,
communicates it to pulley 27, and thence to cog wheel 36 Around this wheel are
placed the axles of the pumps 12, to which the whole of the motion is transmitted,
so as to extract horizontally the liquid in their respective reservoir, the remaining
force of the chain pump may be appled to other mechanical purposes
The rotary pumps are actuated by the turbine 9, and the pumps are placed in
a vertical or reversed position A greater quantity of liquid may also be brought
to act on the turbine from any suitable position.
DESCRIPTION OF FIGURE 2 (SHEET 1)
In this Figure 1 is the axle of the lever, 2, the said lever, 3, piston rod of
bellows, 4, rods of the cages of the hydraulic scale, 5, reservoir with depressed
bellows, 6, expanded bellows, 7, cage of the hydraulic scale containing liquid,

page_text: (owing to the weight of liquid contained in one of its cages when the other is
empty) will brake the equilibrium of the liquid in tubes 11 and 10 by pressing
through the rods 3 on one of the upper bellows, which will be forced to descend
This pressure will be transmitted at the same time to the corresponding lower
bellows, to the piston of the pumps 27 and air bellows 30, as all these parts are
connected from top to bottom by the rod 3 The small hollow lever 12 will com-
municate a reverse motion to the other corresponding part of the apparatus When
the piston of the pumps 27 descends the valve 26 will be closed and the reservoir
29, containing liquid and compressed air, will force part of the liquid to rise in
pipes 15, this liquid may be supplied to any desired purpose It is essential in
order to obtain this result that the piston of the pumps 27 should be of a larger
volume than the quantity of liquid displaced by the air bellows 30, therefore the
pumps 27 are not made cylindrical but rectangular The air or gas contained in
bellows 30 can be applied to any desued purpose In the Drawing it is sent by the
pipe 33 on small pistons contained in cylinders 32, and acting in concert with the
bellows of the apparatus and in the same line so as to help the lever 2 in its
descent
NB-The tubes 11 may also be opened at the top, and of a diametre as small as
possible, the liquid contained in these tubes will rest on the lower piston or bellows,
and its pressure will be transmitted by the small openings provided in the lower
piston or through the flexible body of the bellows The liquid in tubes 11 can
be replaced by a gas, in which case they must be closed at top and bottom by a
piston
An arrangement may also be made of several columns of liquid and gas combined
in the same manner as the apparatus shown in Figure 13 of Sheet 2 of Patent 3118,
1876
DESCRIPTION OF FIGURE 3.
1, axle of pulley, which serves as a lever, 2, chains, 3, rigid transmission,
4, exhaust, 5, closed reservoirs containing the bellows, 6, bellows opened by liquid,
7, bellows opened by air, 8, flexible tube to prevent air entering reservoirs 5, 9, air
reservoir, 10, bellows opened by liquid 23, 11, moveable reservon, which can also
be fixed, in which case the valves 27 should be made moveable instead of being
fixed, 12, ascension pipe; 13, inclined pipe, 14, air pipes; 15, pressure reservoirs
acting as communicating vessel, 16, ascension pipes which bring the liquid in
motors, such as waterspout, 19 and 20, gearing, 21, support of receiver of forces,
22, pipe bringing liquid in lower reservoir 5; 23, liquid; 24, reservoir, 25, escape
pipe, 26, pipe for passage of liquid 23 of the lower reservoir in reservoirs 11 and
bellows 10, 28, transmission serving to open one and close the other of reservoirs 11;
29, communication between the reservois 9 (for air), 30, pipe bringing liquid 23 of
the top reservoir in the bellows of the intermediate reservoirs, 31, tube which
connects liquid 23 of upper reservoir with the liquid in the ascension pipe, so as to
form as much as possible equilibrium between these liquids, and to facilitate its
ascension in the different parts of the apparatus (the number of these tubes is
obtional), 32, rod of the valve and stop-cock which arrests the flow of liquids on
the receiver of forces.
The number of motive-power apparatuses may vary as all pipes delivering liquid
can be furnished with one, practice will soon show the best position in which they
can be placed. They may also be used to raise the liquid of any lower reservoir,
which must not be placed lower than a column of liquid forming equilibrium with
atmospheric pressure The tubes which come from reservoirs 15 act as so many
veins aiding in the ascension of liquid in the large pipes.

page_text: in one of the bellows 6 in intermediate reservoirs with which it is put in commu-
pication for the rising of a valve provided in the pipe 30 or by a tap on the said
pipe The atmospheric pressure and the column of liquid which is over the afore-
said bellows will rise them, and as air or gas is contained in the reservoir holding
the said bellows, this air or gas will transmitt by pipes 14 to the bellows of a lower
reservoir the pressure of the liquid on the bellows of the intermediate reservoirs
The lower bellow's 7 will expand and force the liquid over it to rise in the pipes 16,
which as they lead to a motor placed in the pipe 13 will bring the liquid thus
raised and that furnished by the intermediate reservoir on the receiver of forces
During the time that the-liquid 23 of the lower reservoirs 24 has passed into the
bellows 10, which are placed in an an-tight reservoir under the movable reservoir 11,
that part of the reservoir not occupied by the bellows contains air which commu-
nicates by the pipe 29 with air in the reservoirs in which the bellows are not
expanded The weight of the liquid and atmospheric pressure in compiessing this
air have raised the bellows communicating with the liquid, for whilst on one side
the reservoir 11 gave access to liquid 23 of the lower reservoir, the corresponding
reservoir 11 being connected by tiansmission, 28 was closed and its contents only
formed a column of liquid equal to the height to which the pipe 12 clevates it It
is equal to this height only, because over the bellows of the top reservoirs a vacuum
exists, which will be found by practice to be either perfect or partial. In the case
of perfect vacuum part of the liquid of one of the reservons 10 will be forced into
the upper bellows 6, and if there is excess of liquid (which is obtional) that excess
will be forced into motors contained in pipe 13, so that the pressure of the liquid
to be raised will never be equal to the pressure exercised by the liquid introduced
in the bellows 10, as atmospheric pressure will be added to the weight of the said
liquid to resist against the weight of the column of liquid As to the discharge of
the said liquid it is evident that the counter pressure will oppose itself to it nearly
completely, but the system being nearly in equilibrium and connected to a pulley or
lover, it will only be necessary to overcome the counter pressure which prevents the
outflow of the liquid of the upper reservoir 6 But as the liquid contained in the
intermediate bellows 6 will flow owing to the pressure which the liquid 23 of the
lower reservoir exerts on the bellows which contain air, this pressure will be trans-
mitted to the bellows of the intermediate reservoirs These bellows being connected
with the bellows 6 of the upper reservoirs' will' endeavour to transmitt their motion
to the bellows 6 of the upper reservon To this pressure will be added the difference
of counter pressure which opposes itself to the flow of this liquid contained in the
bellows of the intermediate reservoir 6
. I
The difference will be equal to the atmospheric pressure, less the height of a
column of liquid in motion between the intermediate bellows 6 and the receiver of
forces the weight of the liquid which has entered in one of the bellows 10 and the
weight of a colunin of liquid of the height of the discharge pipe 4 Each ascension
pipe can be put in motion with one of the tubes 31, starting from a special
apparatus containing a column of liquid 17 In this manner each part of the
liquid, however small it may be, helps the liquid of the ascension pipes to 1188 in
virtue of the combined principles of the transmission of pressure by gases and of
communicating vessels.
DESCRIPTION OF FIGURE 4
1, chain pump (moria), 2, chains oi straps working the pumps, 8, pulley, 4, closed
'bellows, 5, flexible hose connecting together all the bellows, 6, iron guide,
7, reservoir receiving the liquid from reservoir 8 either by its being carried away or
from leaks, 8, reservoir of liquid, 9, pipe forming cominunicating vessel in com-
bination with air (when this pipe is closed the valve 10 is opened, and vice versa),
10, transmission opening the inlet valve, 11, pipe with grooves receiving the
bellows after the guide 6, 12, pulley, 13, liquid to be elevated, 14, air which
serves to form equilibrium between the liquid to be raised, and that of reservoir 24,
、15, ¸upright, 16, exhaust tubes, 17, valve serving to regulate the admission of

page_text: liquid in the chain pump, 18, liquid contained in the opened bellows, 19, shaft of
pulleys, 20, lug to put the bellows in motion, 21, pipe, putting in communication
reservoirs 24 and reservon 8, 22, fly wheel, 23, diving pulley, 24, reservoir of
liquid, 25, plan of bellows opened
The lower part of this apparatus is shown in enlarged scale at Figure 4, Sheet 2
It will be seen that the apparatus consists of a chain pump and bellows filled
with air oi a gas, all the bellows communicating by means of flexible hose 5, one
end being in a reservoir 8 filled with liquid, and the other opened to the air, also
of opened reservous, and of a lower one containing a layer of au 14 and liquid.
MODE OF OPERATION
After having filled with liquid the apparatus, as shown in the Diawing, the
valve 17 is opened to admitt the liquid in the chain pump 1, which is put in motion
round the pulleys 3, taking with it one after the other the lugs 20, and the closed
bellows placed between the guides 6 These bellows enter by the lower part of the
apparatus into a closed pipe 17, which is furnish with grooves to give passage to the
lugs 20 of the bellows Each bellow, as it arrives in the pipe 8, not being held by
the guides, increase in capacity, owing to the air oi gas contained therein, and thus
obtain an ascentional force equal to the mass of liquid displaced and of its lightness
This ascentional foice is communicated by the chains or straps 2, which pass over
the pulleys 12 to the pumps, which 11se the liquid 13 by the pipe 16 in iesei von 24
The liquid thus raised can be made to flow on a suitable receiver of forces, and be
again elevated, when it will have fallen in the lower reservoir, after having given
an independent foice At the top of the reservoir 8 the bellows pass into a pipe
with bell-shaped mouth, and take with it part of the liquid which is received in
reservou 7 from whence it flows in the chain pump
The moment the bellows enter the guides 6 the ai or gas again gradually
compressed passes in the opened bellows 25 through the compressed bellows and
pipes 5, so that the same gas can always be used On looking at the plan and
section shown in Figure 4 it easily be seen that the arrangements may vary
according to circumstances.
Having now described and set forth the nature and object of this Invention for
"Improvements in the Method of Elevating Liquids, and Means to be Employed for
that Purpose," and the manner by which it may be put into practical effect as
communicated to me from abroad by Jean Baptiste Van Ooster wyck, I would
remaik in conclusion that I do not confine myself to the precise details of apparatuses
described as these may vary according to circumstances, but what I claim as my
Invention, and desire to secure by the herein-before in pait recited Letters Patent
1s, the method of elevating liquids (by a combination of natural laws and known
apparatuses) and obtaining therefrom an independent force or forces, substantially
as described and represented
In witness whereof, I, the said James Ledger, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this First day of August, in the year of our Lord One thousand
eight hundred and seventy-seven.