AN IMPROVE- MENT OR IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF METALLIC FENDERS
Year: 1861

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to George Asher, of Birmingham, in the County of
Warwick, Modeller and Chaser, for the Invention of "AN IMPROVE-
MENT OR IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF METALLIC FENDERS."
Sealed the 12th September 1861, and dated the 29th May 1861.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said George Asher at the
Office of the Commissioners, of Patents, with his Petition, on the
29th May 1861.
I, GEORGE ASHER, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Modeller
and Chaser, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN
IMPROVEMENT OR IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF METALLIC FENDERS,"
to be as follows:-
The front and ends of metallic fenders are ordinarily made in three pieces
which said pieces are connected together by nuts and screws, and the joined
parts are afterwards fixed to the bottom plate of the fender by rivets or screws.
My Invention consists in connecting together the pieces forming the front
and ends of the fender in the following manner:-I make near either end
of the piece forming the front of the fender one, two, or more rectangular
openings, the said openings being situated either vertically or horizontally,
and I make on one end of each of the pieces forming the ends of the fender
one, two, or more tongues or hook-shaped pieces. In joining together
the said parts, the tongues or hooks on the ends of the end pieces of.the
fender are passed through the openings in the frout piece, and the said
pieces thereby connected together. The joined parts of the fender are
afterwards rivetted or screwed to the bottom plate of the fender in the
ordinary way. The tongues or hooks on the end pieces may be made of
any ornamental shape to suit the ornamentation of the fender with which.
!

page_text: they are used. By connecting together the separate parts of which fenders
are made according to my Invention, great economy is obtained, as I am
able to dispense with the nuts and screws by which the parts are ordinarily
connected together and great facility is also obtained in putting together the
said parts. Instead of placing the tongues or hooks on the ends and
making the openings in the front, the tongues may be made on the front,
and the openings in the ends. My Invention is applicable to fenders, the
front and sides of which are made of more than three pieces. My Invention
is particularly applicable to fenders the fronts and ends of which are made
by casting, but is also applicable to fenders the front and ends of which are
made of wrought metal.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said George Asher in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 4th
October 1861.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, GEORGE
ASHER, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Modeller and Chaser,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-ninth day of May, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-one, in the twenty-fourth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said George Asher, Her special licence that I, the said George Asher,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said George
Asher, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during
the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise,
and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "As IMPROVEMENT
OR IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF METALLIC FENDERS," upon the
condition (amongst others) that I, the said George Asher, my exccutors
or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or
one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was
to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal
Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the
date of the said Letters Patent.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said George Asher, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement thereof, that is to say :-
My Invention consists of the improvement or improvements in the manu-
facture of metallic fenders herein-after particularly explained and illustrated
in the accompanying. Drawings.
In
The front and ends of metallic fenders are ordinarily made in three pieces,
which said pieces are connected together by nuts and screws, and the joined
parts are afterwards fixed to the bottom plate of the fender by rivets or screws.
My Invention consists in connecting together in the manner herein-after
explained the pieces forming the front and ends of the fender.
manufacturing fenders according to my Invention I make near either end
of the piece forming the front of the fender one, two, or more openings, and
I make on one end of each of the pieces forming the ends of the fender
one, two, or more tongues or hooked shaped pieces, or buttons, or studs.
In joining together the said parts, the tongues, hooks, buttons, or studs on the
end pieces are passed through the opening or openings in the front piece,
and the said pieces are thereby connected together. The joined parts are
afterwards rivetted or screwed to the bottom plate of the fender in the
ordinary way. Instead of making the tongues, hooks, buttons, or studs on
the ends, and the opening or openings in the front, the tongues, hooks,
buttons, or studs may be made on the front, and the openings in the
ends.
Figure 1 of the accompanying Drawings represcuts in front elevation a
portion of the front piece of a fender made according to my Invention;
Figure 2 represents in front elevation a portion of the end piece of a fender
made according to my Invention; Figure 3 is a plan or edge view of Figure 2;
Figure 4 represents the front piece, Figure 1, and the end piece, Figure 2,
joined together; and Figure 5 is a horizontal section of the same. The front
piece is marked a in Figures 1, 4, and 5, and the end piece is marked b in
Figures 2, 3, and 5. In the front piece a an opening c is made, having the
shape represented, and on the end of the end piece 6 a tongue or hook-shaped
piece d is made. The shape of the tongue or hook d is best seen in Figures 2,
3, and 5. To join the front piece a and end piece b together, the hook d of
the end piece is introduced into the opening c, and the said end piece b
placed at right angles to the front piece a, as seen in Figures 4 and 5, and
the parts a and b are thereby securely connected together, the inner surface of
the said hook & bearing firmly against the front piece a.
b

page_text: The opposite end of the front piece a, and that piece forming the other end
of the fender, having been joined together in the manner described with respect
to Figures 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5, the bottom plate of the fender is rivetted or
screwed to the said front and ends, and the parts of the fender are thereby
firmly connected together. Instead of turning the tongue or book-shaped
piece on the end piece of the fender outwards, as in Figures 2, 3, 4, and 5,
the said tongue or hook may be turned inwards, as illustrated in Figure 6.
Two openings in each of the front pieces, and two tongues or hooks on each
of the end pieces of the fender may be employed instead of one opening and
tongue, as represented in Figures 7, 8, and 9 of the Drawings, or more than
two openings. and tongues or hooks. may be employed. Figure 7 is a front
elevation of a portion of the front piece of the fender; Figure 8 is a front
elevation of a portion of the end piece of the fender; and Figure 9 represents
the two pieces joined together by the hooks or tongues e, e, on the end piece
being engaged in the openings f, f, in the front piece.
Where the end pieces of the fender are required to make a curve at their
junction with the front piece instead of making a right angle, I prefer to make
the said end pieces and front piece in the manner represented in Figures 10,
11, and 12; Figure 10 represents a front elevation of a portion of the front
piece of a round-ended fender made according to my Invention; Figure 11
represents a front elevation of a portion of a curved end piece to be joined to the
front piece, Figure 10; and Figure 12 represents the two parts joined together.
The end of the front piece, Figure 10, has an opening g of the form repre-
sented made in it, and the end piece, Figure 11, has a hook-shaped piece h
with a button i at its end. In connecting together the two parts, Figures 10
and 11, the button i is introduced into the widest part of the opening 9, and
afterwards drawn into the narrow part of the said opening, as illustrated in
Figure 12, and the two parts are thereby connected together.
Instead of making two openings in the front piece and two books on the
end piece, each piece may have a hook and opening, as illustrated in Figures 13,
14, and 15; Figure 13 represents a front elevation of a portion of the end
piece of the fender; Figure 14 is a plan of the same; and Figure 15 repre-
sents a front elevation of a portion of the front piece of the fender.
In connecting the two pieces together the hook k on the end piece is intro-
duced into the hole in the front piece, and the hook m on the back of the
said front piece (indicated in dotted lines) is introduced into the hole in the
end piece and the two parts thus connected together.
Figure 16 represents in front elevation portions of the front and end pieces
of another fender connected together according to my Invention; and

page_text: Figures 17 and 18 represent the two parts separately. In this modification
two slots or openings o, p, are made in the front piece, and two studs q, r, of a
rectangular shape are made on the end piece. The said studs are not in the
same line as one another; and one side of each of the studs 2, r, projects
from the end piece of the fender. On connecting the parts together the studs
9, r, on the end piece are inserted into the openings o, p, in the front piece,
and the said end piece turned into a slightly oblique position, the said studs
are thereby made to occupy the opposite sides of the openings o, p, as seen in
Figure 16, tho projecting edges of the said studs bearing on the front piece of
the fender.
Figures 19, 20, and 21 represent another modification of my Invention.
Figure 19 represents the front and end pieces connected together; and
Figures 20 and 21 represent the same separated. On the end piece, Figure 21,
I make a square stud or buttons, and in the front piece, Figure 20, I make
a square or rectangular opening t. To connect the parts together the stud or
button s is introduced into the opening t, and then turned a quarter of a revo
lution. The opposite angles of the stud or button's are thereby made to bear
against small projections u, u, near the edges of the opening t, and thus
.connect the two pieces of the fender together, as illustrated in Figure 19.. I
sometimes make a screw on the button or stud on the end piece of the fender,
and make a sharp edge constituting a thread of a screw in the opening in the
front piece, and connect the two parts together by screwing the said button or
stud into the thread in the opening in the said front piece. This modification is
illustrated in Figures 22, 23, and 24; Figure 24 shewing the two parts con-
nected together, and Figures 22 and 23 shewing the two parts separated.
The button or stud having a screw made on it is marked v, and the holo or
opening having a sharp edge or screw thread made in it is marked w in
Figures 22, 23, and 24.
Figures 25, 26, and 27 represent another modification of my Invention,
Figures 25 and 26 shewing the two parts separated, and Figure 27 the same
connected together. In this modification the button x on the end piece and
the slot y in the front piece have the shapes represented in the Drawing. The
two pieces are connected together by turning the side piece so that the button
can enter the opening or slot y in its longer direction. When introduced into
the slot y the side piece is turned so as to place the button. x at right angles
to the said slot y, the pointed ends of the button x bearing against studs or
projections on the front piece of the fender, and the parts are thus connected
together as illustrated in Figure 27, or the slot y may be vertical and the
button a horizontal.

page_text: Figures 28, 29, and 30 represent another modification of my Invention,
Figure 30 showing the two parts connected together, and Figures 28 and 29
shewing them separated. In this case the button z on the end piece has an
elliptical shape, and the front piece has an opening 1 made in it of the form
represented in Figure 28. In connecting the parts together the button z is
presented obliquely to the opening 1, in which position it can be introduced
into the said opening 1, that is, one end of the button is made to enter at the
pointed side of the opening, and the opposite end of the button is made to
enter at the lower curved part of the opening. When introduced into the
opening 1 the said button is drawn into the circular part of the opening, and
the two pieces thereby connected together, as illustrated in Figure 30.
I sometimes make the opening in the front piece of the form represented in
Figures 31 and 32, Figure 32 shewing the front and end pieces connected
together, and Figure 31 shewing the front piece separated. To connect tho
two pieces together the button 2 on the end piece is first introduced into the
elliptical part of the opening 3, and afterwards drawn into the smaller rectan-
gular part of the said opening 3, as illustrated in Figure 32.
The opposite end of the front pieces of the fenders represented in the
several Figures of the Drawings, is connected to the other end piece of the
fenders in the same way as that described with respect to one end only of the
said front pieces, and the fenders are afterwards provided with the bottom
plates as herein-before explained.
Instead of making the tongues, hooks, studs, or buttons on the end pieces,
and the openings in the front pieces, as herein-before explained and illustrated
in the accompanying Drawings, the said tongues, hooks, studs, or buttons
may be made on the ends of the front pieces, and the openings made in the
end pieces, but I prefer the arrangement of parts represented in the Drawings.
And although I have described the several fenders as being made in three
pieces, yet my Invention is applicable to fenders the front and ends of which
are made of more than three pieces. The tongues, hooks, buttons, or studs,
as well as the openings in which they engage, may be made of any ornamental
shape to suit the ornamentation of the fender with which they are used, and
the said tongues, hooks, buttons, or studs, and openings, may themselves form
part of the ornament of the fender.
By connecting together the separate parts of which fenders are made:
according to my Invention great economy is obtained, as I am able to dispense
with the nuts and screws by which the parts are ordinarily connected together,
and great facility is also obtained in putting together the said parts.
My Invention is particularly applicable to fenders the fronts and ends of

page_text: which are made by casting, but is also applicable to fenders the fronts and
ends of which are made of wrought metal. When the parts of the fenders
are made by casting the tongues, hooks, buttons or studs, and the openings.in
which they engage, are cast in one piece and at the same time with the said
parts to which they respectively belong, and when I apply my Invention to
fenders made of wrought metal, the said tongues, hooks, buttons or studs are
made by casting, and the castings are attached to the ends or parts where they
are required, and the holes or openings in which they engage may be cut or
otherwise made in, or be cast and attached to, the wrought metal ends or
parts where they are required.
Having now described the nature of my Invention, and the manner in
which the same is to be performed, I wish it to be understood that I do not
limit myself to the precise details herein-before described and illustrated in
the Drawings, as the same may be varied without departing from the nature
of my Invention; for example, although in the accompanying Drawings I
have represented the shapes of the tongues, hooks, buttons or studs, and the
openings in which they engage, which I have found to answer best in practice,
yet the shapes of the said tongues,, hooks, buttons or studs, and openings, may
be varied without departing from the nature of my Invention. I claim as my
Invention the improvement or improvements in the manufacture of metallic
fenders herein-before described and illustrated in the accompanying Drawings,
that is to say, connecting together the front pieces and end pieces of fenders by
a tongue, hook, button or stud, or by tongues, hooks, buttons or studs on the
end of one piece engaging in an opening or openings in the end of the other
piece.
In witness whereof, I, the said George Asher, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Twenty-seventh day of September, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-one.
Witness,
RICHARD SKERRETT,
Clerk to George Shaw.
GEORGE ASHER. (L.S.)