IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF COLLARS AND CUFFS
Year: 1859

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Robert Murray McTurk and George East, both of
Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, Gentlemen, for the Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF COLLARS AND CUFFS."-Partly a
communication from abroad by Andrew Smith, of New York, in the
United States of America.
Sealed the 14th February 1860, and dated the 24th December 1859.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Robert Murray McTurk
and George East at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 24th December 1859.
We, ROBERT MURRAY MCTURK and GEORGE EAST, both of Liverpool, in the
County of Lancaster, Gentlemen, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE. OF COLLARS AND Currs,"
to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to the manufacture of collars and cuffs from paper
cloth, or cloth faced on one or both sides with paper pulp. The paper cloth
may be made in the paper-making machine, and the cloth used may, when
ornament is required; have a pattern printed thereon, which pattern will show
faintly through the paper facing with a subdued or softened effect. From the
paper cloth we stamp out the collars or cuffs by means of dies, and we emboss
thereon raised or sunk patterns when the same are required, or form the
patterns by piercing the fabric to produce an effect like open work. Lines of
ornamental stitching may also be produced on the cuffs or collars by pressure.

page_text: We also propose to improve the appearance of the paper cloth collars by tho
application of color printing, whether used in combination with embossed or
pierced work or not.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Robert Murray MoTurk and George East in the Great Seal
Patent Office on the 22nd June 1860.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, ROBERT
MURRAY MCTURK and GEORGE EAST, both of Liverpool, in the County of
Lancaster, Gentlemen, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-fourth day of December, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-nine, in the twenty-third year of
Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto
us, the said Robert Murray M°Turk and George East, Her special "license
that we, the said Robert Murray MoTurk and George East, our executors,
administrators, and assigns, or such others as we, the said Robert Murray
McTurk and George East, our executors, administrators, and assigns, should
at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times
thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF COLLARS AND CUFFS," being partly a
communication from abroad by Andrew Smith, of New York, in the United
States of America, upon the condition (amongst others) that we, the said
Robert Murray McTurk and George East, an instrument in writing under
our hands and seals, or under the hand and seal of one of us, should par-
ticularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in
the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and imme-
diately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I,. the said George East, (on behalf of myself and
of the said Robert Murray McTurk,) do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be par-
ticularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement, (that
is to say) :-
This Invention of "Improvements in the Manufacture of Collars and Cuffs"

page_text: relates to the manufacture of these articles from paper cloth, or cloth faced on
one or both sides with paper pulp; the paper cloth may be made in the paper-
making machine in the ordinary and well-known manner of making this
fabric, and the cloth employed for the purposes of the present Invention may,
when ornament is required, have a pattern printed thereon, which pattern will
shew faintly through the thin covering of paper pulp with a subdued or
softened effect. From the paper cloth we stamp out, by means of dies or
cutting instruments, the forms or shapes required to produce the collars or
cuffs, and we emboss thereon raised or sunk patterns when the same aro
required; or we form patterns or devices on the collars or cuffs by piercing
the fabric with a suitable tool to produce an effect like open work. Lines of
ornamental stitching may also be produced on the cuffs or collars by pressure,
or by means of a rotating tool or small wheel provided on its periphery with
projecting pins, points, or teeth, which, as the tool is passed over the fabric
with the application of suitable pressure, will indent the fabric, and thereby
produce the intended effect. We also propose to improve the appearance of
the paper cloth collars by the application of color printing, whether used in
combination with embossed or pierced work or not.
Having now described this Invention of "Improvements in the Manu-
facture of Collars and Cuffs," and having explained the manner of carrying
the same into effect, we claim as the Invention secured to us by Letters
Patent as aforesaid, the improved manufacture of collars and cuffs herein set
forth.
In witness whereof, I, the said George East, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, the Twenty-first day of June, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and sixty.
GEORGE EAST. (L.B.)