Improvements in or relating to Vehicle Tyres.
Year: 1899

page_text: Date of Application, 12th DEC., 1899
Complete Specification Left. 12th Sept., 1900-Accepted. 12th Dec.. 1900
Date of Application, 12th Dec., 1899
Complete Specification Left. 12th Sept., 1900-Accepted. 12th Dec.. 1900
PROVIDIUNAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in or relating to Vehicle Tyres.
I, CALVIN THAYER ADAMS, of 12, West 33rd Street, New York City, United
States of America, Doctor of Medicine, do hereby declare the nature of this
invention to be as follows:-
The object of this invention is to provide simpler, more efficient and more
practical means than those heretofore devised for preventing the pneumatic and
cushioned tyres of bicycles, automobiles and other vehicles from being punctured,
from slipping on wet or icy pavements and for lessening the wear on the tyres.
The invention consists mainly in inserting in an outer component ply or
plies of a single tube pneumatic or cushioned tyre or in the outer tube of a
double tube tyre or in a separate fabric strip or ply cemented or secured as a
tread to the periphery of the tyre, a large number of flat-headed rivets or
plates having legs, prongs or shanks, so that the plates or heads will practically
armour the tyre and prevent the inner inflated portion from being punctured,
without interfering with its resiliency, and also in upsetting or expanding by
longitudinal pressure said shanks in the ply or plies through which they are
driven, so that said legs, shanks or prongs will become bound in and, as it
were, integrally united and incorporated with the fabric by the lateral pressure
of the displaced fabric fibres and the ends of said expanded shanks being exposed
flush or substantially flush on the tread or bearing surface of the tyre, will engage,
without penetrating, the pavement simultaneously with the surrounding elastic
fabric and thus prevent slipping on wet or icy as well as on dry pavements.
When the rivets cover the sides as well as the tread of the tyre, they effectually
prevent wear, particularly that due to bearing against the rim on which the
tyre is seated.
The manner in which the invention is carried into practice will now be
described in detail.
In carrying out one form of the invention comprising an inner air tube and
an outer protecting cover a strip of fabric is taken, preferably of ordinary
vulcanized fabric, of a length to encircle the tyre and a width to cover the tread
or bearing portion of the tyre and the shanks of a sufficient number of flat-
headed rivets are driven through it from the inside and on the shank of each
rivet, is placed a perforated plate or washer against the outer surface of the strip,
so that the plates will substantially cover and armour the strip, without over-
lapping. Another similar strip is then laid on the outside of said strip and
by passing the two strips or plies between metal rollers or other suitable means,
the shanks of the rivets are forced through the outer strip and the said strip
tightly against the plates, at the same time, owing to the heavy longitudinal
pressure brought upon the shanks of the rivets, upsetting and expanding said
shanks laterally, so that the rivets will be tightly bound in and incorporated
with the fabric plies by the laterally displaced fabric fibres, and will also be
•

page_text: tightly wedged in the plates and the two plies, the rivets and plates will all be
thus firmly incorporated into a single armoured and rivet studded composite strip.
This composite strip is then vulcanized or cemented to or otherwise incor-
porated with the tread or bearing portion of the inner tube, which is thus
effectually protected by the plates from punctures, while the outer ends of the
rivets will co-operate with the surrounding rubber or fabric to prevent slipping
on wet or icy as well as dry pavements, as before described. The rivets being
expanded in the fabric, as described, become integrally united therewith and
do not affect the resiliency of the tyre, which is all important.
The rivets may be tapering throughout their entire length and pointed, and
they may be made longer than finally needed and their ends cut off after being
driven through the fabric and before being subjected to the longitudinal com-
pression to expand them.
The plate holding rivets may extend through an inner ply only of the tyre
and not through the outer ply, the latter being instead cemented to the plates
and the inner ply.
In some cases the plates may be omitted, the headed rivets being inserted and
expanded in a single ply only, which is cemented or vulcanized to or otherwise
incorporated with the tube of the tyre.
The heads of said rivets act like the plates in the forms of the invention
previously described to armour the tyre and protect it from punctures.
Dated this 12th day of December 1899.
BOULT, WADE & KILBURN,
Agents for the Applicant.
Improvements in or relating to Vehicle Tyres,
I, CALVIN THAYER ADAMS, of 12, West 33rd Street, New York City, United
States of America, Doctor of Medicine, do hereby declare the nature of this
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
The object of my invention is to provide simpler, more efficient and more
practical means than those heretofore devised for preventing the pneumatic
and cushioned tyres of bicycles, automobiles and other vehicles from being
punctured, from slipping on wet or icy pavements, and for lessening the wear
on the tyres.
My invention consists mainly in inserting in an outer component ply or plies
of a single tube pneumatic or cushioned tyre or in the outer tube of a double
tube tyre or in a separate fabric strip or ply cemented or secured as a tread to
the periphery of the tyre, a large number of flat-headed rivets or plates having
legs, prongs or shanks, so that the plates or heads will practically armour the
tyre and prevent the inner inflated portion from being punctured, without
interfering with its resiliency, and also in upsetting or expanding by longi-
tudinal pressure said shanks in the ply or plies through which they are driven,
so that said legs, shanks or prongs will become bound in and, as it were,
integrally united and incorporated with the fabric by the lateral pressure of the
displaced fabric fibres and the ends of said expanded shanks being exposed
Hush or substantially flush on the tread or bearing surface of the tire, will
engage, without penetrating, the pavement simultaneously with the surrounding
elastic fabric and thus prevent slipping on wet or icy as well as on dry pavements.
When the rivets cover the sides as well as the tread of the tyre, they effectually

page_text: tyre is seated.
ནམསབ་
U
и дец де
I shall first describe in detail the manner in which I carry my invention into
practice and then particularly claim the invention.
Reference is to be had to the accompanying drawing forming part of this
specification in which the same parts are designated by like letters in all the
figures.
Figure 1 is a longitudinal sectional view of a part of a tyre embodying my
invention.
Figure 2 is an outside view of the same, parts being removed.
Figure 3 is a detailed view of one of the rivets of the same.
Figures 4 and 5 similarly represent a slight modification of my invention.
Figures 6 and 7 similarly represent another form of my invention.
Figures 8, 9, 10, 11 and 12 illustrate auother form of my invention and the
mode of making it.
In making the form of my invention as shown in Figures 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 in
which a is the inner air tube of a pneumatic tyre, I take a strip of fabric_b,
preferably of ordinary vulcanized fabric, of a length to encircle the tyre and a
width to cover the tread or bearing portion of the tyre and drive through it from
the inside the shanks of a sufficient number of flat-headed rivets d, and on the
shank of each rivet, I place a perforated plate or washer e against the outer
surface of the strip b, so that the plates e will substantially cover and armour
the strip b, without over-lapping. I then lay on the outside of said strip 6 another
similar strip f and by passing the two strips or plies between metal rollers or
other suitable means, force the shanks of the rivets through the outer strip f
and said strip tightly against the plates e, at the same time, owing to the
heavy longitudinal pressure brought upon the shanks of the rivets, upsetting
and expanding said shanks laterally, so that the rivets will be tightly bound
in and incorporated with the fabric plies by the laterally displaced fabric fibres,
as shown in Figure 12, and will also be tightly wedged in the plates e, and the
two plies, the rivets and plates e, all thus firmly incorporated into a single
armoured and rivet-studded composite strip.
This composite strip is then vulcanized or cemented to or otherwise incorpor-
ated with the tread or bearing portion of the inner tube a, which is thus
effectually protected by the plates e from punctures, while the outer ends of the
rivets & will co-operate with the surrounding rubber or fabric to prevent slipping
on wet or icy as well as dry pavements, as before described. The rivets being
expanded in the fabric, as described, become integrally united therewith and
do not affect the resiliency of the tyre, which is all important.
The rivets may be tapering throughout their entire length and pointed,
as indicated in another form of my invention in Figures 9, 10 and 11, and as
indicated in said figures, they may be made longer than finally needed and their
ends cut off after being driven through the fabric and before being subjected
to the longitudinal compression to expand them.
In Figures 6 and 7 the plate holding rivets & are shown extending through
an inner ply only of the tire and not through the outer ply, the latter being
instead cemented to the plates e and the inner ply.
In Figure 8 the plates e are omitted, the headed rivets d being inserted and
expanded in a single ply g only, which is cemented or vulcanized to or otherwise
incorporated with the inner tube a of the tyre.
The heads of said rivets act like the plates e in the forms of my invention
previously described to armor the tyre and protect it from punctures.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is:-
-
A pneumatic or cushioned tyre having one or more of its component fabric

page_text: plies studded with rivets, whose heads bear against said ply and protect the
interior of the tyre and whose shanks are expanded laterally in said ply by
longitudinal compression, so as to be bound in said ply by the displaced fabric
fibres.
Dated this 12th day of September 1900.
BOULT, WADE & KILBURN,
Agents for the Applicant.