Improvements in and connected with Tiles, Slabs, Wallings, and the like.
Year: 1896

page_text: Date of Application, 28th Apr., 1896
Complete Specification Left, 12th Jan., 1897-Accepted, 27th Mar., 1897
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and connected with Tiles, Slabs, Wallings, and
the like.
I, JOHN SAMUEL RIGBY, of 35 Bagot Street, Wavertree, Liverpool, in the
County of Lancaster, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention
to be as follows:-
This invention has reference to tiles, slabs, or the like, used for applying to
(and in most cases ornamenting) the surfaces of walls, or ceilings, and other
surfaces, to which such articles are applicable and suitable.
According to one part of this invention, glass tiles, slabs, or pieces of terra-cotta
or earthenware tiles, slabs, or pieces used for purposes such as referred to, are
provided on their backs with indents or provisions, the surfaces, or one surface of
which are or is not at right angles to the surface of the tiles or pieces. Such
indents or provisions in one case, may be in the form of projecting edges, or
grooves, or like formations, and this, in one case, is performed by moving a tool
along over the back of the slab, tile, or piece, with one of its edges so placed or
arranged, that the formation referred to is inscribed or formed thereon. In the
case of the glass slabs, tiles or the like, this may be performed by providing the
back with a flux or fluxing material which will become soft when the tile is hot or
heated, and in this condition the overhanging edge or edges or grooves, or like
formation, is given to it by moving a tool across or impressing it in an oblique
position, or a suitable disposition to provide same.
In the case of earthenware or like tiles, the overhanging formation or the wedge
shape or inclined formation may be preceded in the manner, substantially, as just
described with respect to the glass tiles or pieces; or, in another case, dovetail
recesses are formed in it by employing a die of dovetail form, of an expanding
type; which, when forced into the plastic clay or ware, the edges to form a
dovetail groove or recess are pressed out by a wedge or the like, and provide a
keying for such tiles, the dies being adapted to be collapsed before it is removed
from the groove or recess.
In another modification, I provide on the back of glass tiles or slabs, glass tubes
or rods, which are fastened by flux or equivalent means to the back of the tile,
this being done by heat, or when the tile is hot; and these tubes or rods may be
arranged crosswise on the tile or slab, or parallel with its edges, or in any suitable
arrangement thereon.
By the former construction or formation of the back of the tiles or slabs or
pieces of glass, or earthenware or potteryware, when they are placed in a surface,
and secured by a cement in the usual way, the cement or plaster will enter behind
the inclined, overhanging or like formations at the back, or into grooves or recesses
which are at an inclination less than 90 degrees to the tile face, and will so form
a fast or secure method or means of holding them on; that is, it provides a
fastening by which they are prevented from falling off, as constantly happens with
ordinary tiles, and like surface coverings.
The same way with glass tiles or pieces with the tubes or rods, the cement or
adhesive material by which they are fastened, gets behind and under said rods or
the inclined sides thereof, and forms a keying, and secure fastening for the tiles.

page_text: The grooved overhanging or inclined parts may be arranged in one direction, or
in opposite directions, or in any other suitable relative arrangement; as may also
the glass rods or tubes on the back of the glass tiles or pieces; and the shape of
these tiles, slabs, or pieces may be any of the ordinary shapes, or they may be made
to any special forms or shapes desired.
Deted this 27th dow of A 1900
CHEESBROUGH & ROYSTON,
15 Water Street, Liverpool, Applicant's Patent Agents.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and connected with Tiles, Slabs, Wallings, and
the like.
I, JOHN SAMUEL RIGBY, of 35 Bagot Street, Wavertree, Liverpool, in the
County of Lancaster, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement:-
This invention has reference to tiles, slabs, or the like, used for applying to
(and in most cases ornamenting) the surfaces of walls, or ceilings, and other
surfaces, to which such articles are applicable and suitable.
According to one part of this invention, glass tiles, slabs, or pieces, or terra-cotta
or earthenware tiles, slabs, or pieces, used for purposes such as referred to, are
provided on their backs with indents or provisions, the surfaces (or one surface)
of which are not at right angles to the surface of the tiles or pieces. Such indents
or provisions are, in one case, in the form of projecting edges, or grooves, or like
formations; and they are suitably produced or provided by moving a bladed or
other suitable tool along over the back of the slab, tile, or piece, with one of its
edges so placed or arranged, that the formation referred to is inscribed or formed
thereon. In the case of the glass slabs, tiles or the like, this is performed by
providing the back with a flux or fluxing material, which will become soft, and adhere
to the body of the tile or slab when it is heated in a suitable furnace or muffle,
and without detrimentally affecting the tile or slab of glass or like material in any
way; and in this condition the overhanging edge or edges or grooves, or like or
equivalent formations are given to it (the soft flux material) by moving a tool
across it, or impressing it in an oblique position, or in any other suitable position
to provide same.
In the case of earthenware or like tiles, the overhanging formations, or the
wedge shape or inclined formations, will be produced in the same manner as just
described with respect to the glass tiles or pieces.
The constructions and formations of tiles or slabs just described, and parts of
them, are illustrated in the accompanying drawings,
Figure 1 being a perspective view of a tile or slab, inverted, and shewing mainly
its back; and
Figure 2 an illustration of one form of fastening construction or formation.
Referring to Figure 1, a represents the body of the tile or slab, consisting of
glass, earthenware, terra cotta, or similar material; while b is the layer of fluxing
material, which in ordinary cases may suitably be of about 6 of an inch thick
and c shews diagrammatically the fastening or holding formations, which in this
case are rectilinear and across the slab in cross directions. The fluxing material
used will of course be of such a kind (as for instance of a kind containing
china clay or equivalent material) as will give it the required plastic condition or
state when heated and subsequently operated upon.

page_text: One form of these fastening or holding formations is shewn in detail view
Figure 2. It consists of projecting ledges (c), which are made and raised into the
form and position shewn by a suitable tool run across or pressed into the fluxing
material.
Another form of fastening formations or provisions would consist of projections
of the form of teeth, as in a wood rasp, or similar forms. By these, or by
equivalent constructions or formations of the back of the tiles or slabs or pieces
of glass, earthenware, potteryware, or the like, when they are placed on a surface,
and secured by a cement in the usual way, the cement or plaster will enter behind the
inclined, overhanging, or like formations at the back, or into grooves or recesses
which are at an inclination less than 90 degrees to the tile face, and will so form
a fast or secure method or means of holding them on; that is, it provides a
fastening by which they are prevented from falling off, as constantly happens
with ordinary tiles, and like surface coverings.
The grooved, overhanging, or inclined parts may be arranged in one direction,
or in opposite directions, or in any other suitable relative arrangement; and the
shapes of these tiles, slabs, or pieces, may be any of the ordinary shapes, or they
may be made to any special forms or shapes desired.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. The herein described improved tile, slab, or like article, of glass, "opal,"
earthenware, or similar material, consisting of a body, and formations or provisions,
as described, upon its back for fastening or securing it to surfaces by cement or
similar adhering substances, the said formations or provisions being produced by
or in a fluxing material applied to the back of the body: substantially as set
forth.
2. The tile or slab consisting of the body part a, the layer of fluxing material b,
and the projecting ridges c, as set forth with reference to and shewn in Figure 2 of
the drawings.
.
007
CHEESBROUGH & ROYSTON,
15 Water Street, Liverpool, Applicant's Patent Agents.