Improvements in Machines and Appliances for the Packing of Powdered or like Substances in Paper or other Bags or Receptacles.
Year: 1899

page_text: Date of Application, 14th Mar., 1899
Complete Specification Left, 6th Dec., 1899-Accepted, 10th Mar., 1900
Improvements in Machines and Appliances for the Packing of Powdered
or like Substances in Paper or other Bags or Receptacles.
I, ARTHUR SMITH, of 176, Oxhill Road, Handsworth, in the County of Stafford,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
My invention has for its object the construction of convenient and effective
machines and appliances whereby powdered or like substances can be readily
packed in the required quantities in paper or other bags or receptacles.
In constructing a duplex machine in accordance with my invention for the
packing of powdered sheep dip or other substances into paper or other bags or
receptacles, I mount a vertical frame or upright on a bed supported on legs or
standards, such parts being preferably made of cast iron. Each side of the frame
or upright is arranged to serve as a guide or guides for the compression plunger
rod and the releasing rod to be hereinafter described, the machine being provided
with a duplex set of such rods, which are reciprocated by a pair of crank discs
formed with or secured to a shaft running in bearings formed in or bolted to
the upper end of the frame or upright. The said shaft is driven preferably by a
belt or chain and spur gearing from the main or first motion shaft beneath the
bed of the machine.
Beneath each pair of reciprocating rams I mount on a vertically disposed pin
or shaft a rotatable table consisting of a pair of circular plates, preferably of
cast iron, placed one above the other and connected together by a
central boss which is fixed upon the pin or shaft hereinbefore described.
Through each of the plates of the rotatable tables I form equally spaced aper-
tures, preferably four in number, for the reception of the bags into which the
substance is to be packed, and the shells or metal liners over which the bags are
drawn for the charging or packing operation. The shells or liners are open at
the top and bottom, but the bottom of the bags drawn over the liners serve to
prevent the substance charged into them from falling through. The upper ends
of the shells or liners are provided with flanges or shoulders by which they are
supported upon the upper plate of the rotatable table.
The rotation of each of the tables is effected preferably by means of an ordinary
lever and ratchet device arranged in connection with the table supporting pin or
shaft, and driven from a cam on a shaft beneath the bed of the machine which is .
geared with the main or first motion shaft
With a table having apertures for the reception of four bags with their metallic
shells or liners, the cam operating the ratchet mechanism is so formed and
arranged that a complete revolution of the table is performed in four stages with
a sufficient pause between each stage to enable the whole of the operations of
the machine to be effectually performed.
A paper or other bag with its shell or liner is inserted in the table at one
position and such bag and liner are then moved through one quarter of a revolu-
tion and so brought under the discharge outlet of a suitable weighing machine
or charging apparatus; at this position the exact amount of material to be packed
in one bag is run or charged into the liner. After such charging the table is
moved through another quarter of a revolution to bring the bag with its liner
beneath the compressing plunger which descends into the liner and compresses the

page_text: substance to nearly the bulk required for packing. The compressing plunger is
attached to the lower end of the plunger rod hereinbefore referred to, and is
preferably provided with a pair of leather discs or washers having a rubber disc
or washer between them which is covered with soft wash leather. The said
rubber disc or washer is compressed as the plunger enters the liner by a cam
operated stem or tail piece carried in centre of the plunger rod and thus escape
of the material between the plunger and the wall of the liner during compression
is effectually prevented; on the return movement of the plunger the compressed
rubber disc or washer is released to prevent the formation of a vacuum.
On the ascent or withdrawal of the plunger from the shell or liner the table
is moved through the third quarter of a revolution and brought beneath the
reciprocating releasing rod which is so connected by linkage with the plunger
rod as to more as to move with the same: by such releasing rod the bag and
the compressed substance are together withdrawn from the shell or liner and
caused to pass into a receiving box beneath the table, where the substance is
further compressed to the exact balk required for packing. At its upper end
the receiving box is fitted with hinged cover pieces or slides which, by a cam
and lever operated from the main shaft, are carried over for the purpose of folding
and closing the mouth of the bag; the hinged covers or slides are caused to
return by means of suitably arranged springs. The receiving box is secured to
a slide plate supported on brackets projecting from the standards of the machine,
and reciprocated as required by a link connected with a rocking lever operated by
gearing driven from the main shaft. When the slide plate with the receiving
box is drawn away clear of the releasing rod, a jaw at the lower end of a dis-
charge rod carried by the slide plate itself is brought into engagement with one
end of a bell crank lever operated from a cam attached to a gear wheel driven
from the main shaft of the machine. By the movement of the bell crank lever
the discharge rod is forced into the receiving box and discharges the package on
to a receiving table from which it is automatically pushed on to any ordinary
conveyor by means of a swinging arm or lever operated in any convenient.
manner.
By the last quarter of a revolution the aperture in the plate, the movement of
which in the proceeding three quarters of a revolution has been herein described,
is brought back into its starting position where the shell or liner is removed by
the operator and replaced by another having a bag slipped over the same ready
for a repetition of the packing operations in the succeeding revolution.
To support the shells or liners during the compression of the substance to be
packed, I sometimes dispose stiffening pieces between the upper and lower plates
of the rotatable tables adjacent to the long sides of the liners, and in order that
such stiffeners shall not obstruct the action of the releasing rod, I arrange to
automatically tilt or otherwise place them out of position in any convenient
manner just prior to the descent of the said rod.
Although I preferably construct my machines of a duplex type having two
rotatable tables each arranged with the necessary compressing and other mechan-
ism such as hereinbefore described. I sometimes construct a machine with but one
table or with more than two tables, as may be necessary to meet the requirements
of varying services.
I sometimes arrange to use in place of rotating tables horizontal sliding plates
or tables fitted with apertures for the reception of the bags into which the sub-
stance is to be packed and the shells or metal liners over which the bags are
drawn for the charging or packing operation.
3
1000
MARKS & CLERK,
18. Southampton Buildings. London, W.C..
13, Temple Street. Birmingham, &, 25, Cross Street, Manchester,
Agents for the Applicant,

page_text: Improvements in Machines and Appliances for the Packing of Powdered
or like Substances in Paper or other Bags or Receptacles.
I, ARTHUR SMITH, of 176, Oxhill Road, Handsworth, in the County of Stafford,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following, statement: —
My invention has for its object the construction of convenient and effective
machines and appliances whereby powdered or like substances can be readily
packed in the required quantities in paper or other bags or receptacles.
In order that my invention may be the more readily understood, I append
hereunto the six accompanying sheets of explanatory drawings to be hereinafter
referred to.
Figure 1 is a side elevation and Figure 2 an end elevation representing a
machine constructed in accordance with my invention. Figure 2 is an elevation
and Figure 2 a plan of one of the bag shells or metallic liners.
Figure 3 is a plan showing different portions of the pair of rotatable tables,
and Figure 4 a plan of the table operating mechanism.
Figure 5 is an elevation of the mechanism for raising the table operating weight.
Figure 6 is an end elevation and Figure 7 a side elevation showing the ejecting
mechanism.
Figure 8 is a side elevation and Figure 9 an end elevation showing, to a
larger scale, the bag closing mechanism. Figure 10 is a plan of a portion of the
said closing mechanism, and Figure 11 an end elevation of another portion of
the same.
Figure 12 is a diagrammatic sectional elevation, showing the arrangement of
parts for effecting the automatic expansion of the compression plunger packing
ring.
Figure 13 is a side elevation, Figure 14 a plan, and Figure 15 an end elevation
of a bag or package, showing the various stages in the folding and closing of its
upper end. Figure 16 is an isometric view of the completed package.
The same reference letters in the different views indicate the same paris.--
In constructing a duplex machine such as illustrated in accordance with my
invention for the packing of powdered sheep dip or other substances into paper
or other bags or receptacles, I mount a vertical frame or upright A on a bed
plate or platform A supported on standards A A³, such parts being preferably
made of cast iron. On each side of the frame or upright A are arranged guides
for the compression plunger rod and the ejecting rod to be hereinafter described,
the machine being provided with a duplex set of such rods, which are recipro-
cated by a pair of crank discs 13₁ formed with or secured to a shaft Brunning in
bearings formed in or bolted to the upper end of the frame or upright A. The
said shaft B is driven preferably through spur wheels bb by chain gearing as
shown from the main or first motion shaft C beneath the platform A¹ of the
machine.
Beneath each pair of reciprocating rods D D I mount on a vertically disposed
pin or shaft as E and Era rotatable table consisting of a pair of circular plates I'
preferably of cast iron, placed one above the other and connected together by
a central boss F which is fixed upon the pin or shaft E or E. Through each
of the plates F F of the rotatable tables I form equally spaced apertures, prefer-,
ably four in number, for the reception of the bags into which the substance is to
be packed, and the shells or metal liners as G over which the bags are drawn

page_text: for the charging or packing operation. The shells or liners are open at the top
and bottom but the bottom of the bags drawn over the liners serve to prevent the
substance charged into them from falling through. The upper ends of the shells
or liners are slightly bell mouthed as shown, and to support them upon the upper
plates of the rotatable tables they are provided with the abutment pieces g, one
of such pieces on each shell having an extension or projecting lug g which, by
contact with the stop bracket 2 fixed to the base of the upright A, prevents with-
drawal of the liner on the return movement of the compression plunger rod D.
The rotation of each of the tables is effected by the descent at the proper time
of the weight H The weight suspension, cord or chain H is carried over and
grips or engages the wheel or pulley J, and from thence passes to and grips or
engages the sheave like pawl plates or arms and J2 loosely mounted on the
vertical shafts E and E respectively. On each of the said plates or arms J
and I pivot a spring pawl or ratchet as which engages a ratchet wheel j;
each of the shafts E and E has such a ratchet wheel j fixed thereon.
The wheel or pulley J is mounted loosely upon a shaft K supported in the
standards A2 A3, the said shafts being driven by the spur wheels from the
main or first motion shaft C of the machine. Adjacent to the wheel or pulley J
I fix on the shaft K a disc K' having a latterally projecting pin K² which, on the
rotation of the disc K', operates the bell-crank lever L pivotted to the standard A³,
and as one end of the said lever is jointed to the link L' connected to the
pulley J. a rotary movement is imparted to the said pulley sufficient to raise the
weight H to a position in readiness for the operation on its subsequent descent)
of the table mechanism hereinbefore described. A portion of the dise E' is
represented as broken away at Figure 5 in order the more clearly to show the
arrangement of the parts between such disc and the pulley J. The full lines at
Figure 5 represent the positions of the bell-crank lever L and connecting link L
before the raising of the weight, whilst the dotted lines represent the positions
of such parts after the raising of the weight H.
During the raising of the weight H no movement is imparted to the tables
mounted on the shafts E and E¹ as the pawls slip over the teeth of the ratchet
wheels. But on the descent of the weight the rotary movement of the sheave
like pawl plates or arms J and J2 is imparted to the tables which are thereby
rotated, at each descent of the weight, through one quarter of a revolution. During
the raising of the weight, by the action of the mechanism hereinbefore described,
a sufficient tension is maintained on the cord or chain H' to keep it taut and the
sheave like pawl arms J. and J2 are returned from the full line positions to the
dotted line positions (shown at Figure 4), by the action of a pair of spring
boxes M and M, arranged on opposite sides or ends of the machine, and con-
nected with the said arms and 2 by the cords or chains m and m¹ respectively.
The weight His retained in its elevated position by the pawls N N¹ engaging
with the periphery of the lower plates of the tables and no descent can take
place until the release of the pawls. Such release is effected through the medium
of linkage as shown at Figure 4, and the projecting lug on the disc K', which
lug at a certain period engages with the bell-crank lever and imparts to the
same the necessary motion which is transmitted through the links 01, 0, 03, and
bell-crank lever to the pawls N N The weight H is then free to descend
and in so doing operates the pawl plates or arms J J2 and thus rotates the pack-
ing tables through a quarter of a revolution, against the action of the spring
boxes M M¹.
To minimise shock and to prevent displacement of any of the parts by the
too rapid descent of the weight H, I mount on the platform A¹ adjacent to the
peripheries of the plates F of the revolving tables, brake pawls as P P which
are kept in contact with the said plates by spring plungers arranged in the
casings or brackets p p. In addition to-acting as checks on the rotation of the

page_text: tables, the brake pawls P P also serve to prevent any accidental reverse rotation
of the tables..
With the packing tables and their operating mechanism constructed and
arranged as herein before described it will be understood that a complete revolu- .
ion of the tables is effected in four stages with a sufficient pause between each
stage to enable the whole of the operations of the machine to be effectually per-
formed. The operations performed on each table are precisely similar.
A paper or other bag having a shell or liner as G within it, is inserted in
either of the tables at the position f and such bag and liner are then moved
through one quarter of a revolution, (by the action of the mechanism herein-
before described), and so brought to the position fb which is immediately under
the discharge outlet of a suitable weighing machine or charging apparatus, (not
shown in the drawings); at this position the exact amount of material to be
packed in one bag is run or charged into it. After such charging the table is
moved through another quarter of a revolution to bring the bag with its liner
to the position f° beneath the compressing plunger which descends into the
liner and compresses the substance to nearly the desired bulk. The compressing
plunger is attached to the lower end of the plunger rod 1 herein before referred
to, and is provided with a rubber or other elastic packing ring (Figure 12)
which is expanded on the entry of the plunger into the liner G. The said expan-
sion of the ring d' is effected by the arrangement of a loose base plate having
A lateral
a stem or tail piece passing up the hollow centre of the plunger rod D.
projection (passing through a slot in the rod D) from the said stem or tail
piece abuts against a lever d pivotted on the exterior of the rod D. The position
of the lever is horizontal as shown and its jointed end abuts against a pro-
jection from the side of the machine, when the plunger d first enters the shell,
but as its.descent is continued, the lever becomes tilted to the position shown by
dotted lines and thus the stem of the base plate is raised, by the action of
the cam like central portion of the lever upon the projection, a sufficient
distance to compress the packing ring and so expand its periphery against the
interior surface of the liner. When the plunger is near the completion of its
stroke the lever abuts against another projection from the framing of the
machine, which returns it to a horizontal position thus releasing the compression
on the plunger ring d. On the return stroke of the plunger the jointed end
of the lever will yield to permit the lever to pass above the projection.
On the ascent or withdrawal of the plunger from the shell or liner the table is
moved through the third quarter of a revolution, and the bag with its contents
is thus brought to the position fa beneath the reciprocating ejecting rod D',
which is so connected by linkage with the plunger rod D), as to move with the
same. The linkage consists preferably of a lever Q (shown by a dotted line and
in three different positions at Figure 2), pivotted at Q to the frame or upright A
and engaging at its free end with the rod D¹; and a link Qconnecting the said
lever with the rod D. By such ejecting rod the bag and the compressed sub-
stance are together discharged from the shell or liner and caused to pass into a
receiving box R beneath the table, where the substance is further compressed to
the exact bulk required, by the plunger D² on the end of the rod 1³. The pair
of receiving boxes R beneath the respective rotating packing tables, are mounted
upon a sliding or horizontally reciprocating platform R and are each fitted with a
false bottom. The reciprocation of the platform R¹ is effected by the motion of the
cam R on the shaft K, such motion being transmitted through links R³, R,
and R. When, by the action of the sliding platform R' after the ascent of the
ejecting rod D, the receiving boxes R are drawn away clear of the said rods,
the jaws at the lower ends of the rods R projecting from the false bottoms of
the respective receiving boxes R, are brought into engagement with the ends of
the levers R mounted on a rocking shaft R³ which is operated by the action of a
projection R from the cam R2 on the bar R" arranged in connection with the

page_text: lever R mounted on the said shaft Rs. By the movement of the rocking shaft Rs
the false bottom of each receiving box is forced up into the said box and lifts
the package until its bottom is level with a receiving trough S (one of such
troughs being arranged on each side of the machine) on to which it is auto-
matically pushed by the plates S' attached to a sliding bar S which is recipro
cated by the action of a spring $ and a bell-crank lever S+ operated from the
revolving disc S on the upper shaft B3 through the medium of the rod S. 'As
each package is thus pushed on to the trough S the preceding package is auto-
matically pushed by the rear package from the trough on to any ordinary conveyor
(not shown in the drawings.
At the upper end of each receiving box R I arrange devices for the automatic
folding and closing of the mouth of the bag, such folding and closing operations
being effected during the time of the conveyance of the package from the posi-
tion of its ejection by the rod D to the discharge trough S. A bag with the
material packed therein is represented by an elevation and plan respectively at
Figures 13 and 14. The first operation necessary in the closing of the open
upper end of the bag consists in the folding down of the two sides T and T,
and this is effected by the action of the reciprocating plates which slide in
opposite directions along the flanges or lateral brackets r projecting from the
upper ends of opposite sides of the receiving box R.
On the movement of the box R with its platform R' in the direction indicated
by the arrows at Figures 9 and 10, the projections from the levers which are
pivoted to the respective brackets r, strike the abutment blocks as t, pivoted
respectively upon a portion of the standard A3 and a bracket as suspended from
the bed-plate or platform A of the machine. As the movement of the box con-
tinues towards the completion of its stroke the said abutment blocks cause the
levers to turn upon their pivots and to assume such a position as is indicated
by the centre line 1, 2, at Figure 10. The plates being connected by pegs
as to with the slotted portion (see Figure 10) of the respective levers ³, such
plates are caused by the aforesaid movement of the levers to advance on to the
two sides T T of the upper part of the bag and to fold them down to the posi-
tion indicated by the dotted lines at Figure 13. When the levers with the
box R have sufficiently advanced to carry the pegs or projections clear of the
abutment blocks 4, the said levers are immediately returned to their normal posi-
tion by the action of the springs such as t and thus withdraw the plates.
As the stroke or movement of the box R is continued in the aforesaid direction
a projection U mounted on one end of a spindle U₁ extending across one side of
the top of the box and upon which is mounted the folding plate U2, is brought
into contact with the abutment piece U pivoted on the bracket, and the said
folding plate U2 is thereby rotated or turned down sufficiently for the folding of
the upper end of the side T2 of the bag to the position indicated by the dotted
line at Figures 14 and 15. The folding plate 2 is provided on its under or
inner side with a felt or other pasting pad U which is supplied with paste or
glue from a hopper or reservoir U mounted on the upper or outer side of the
plate. The return of the folding plate U2 when the projection U is clear of the
abutment piece U³, is effected by the action of any suitably arranged spring. To
prevent adhesion of the gummed, pasted, or glued portion of the bag to the pad
on the under side of the folding plate U2 on the return movement of such plate,
1 pivot a stripper bar U upon the aforesaid spindle and which on the ascent
or return of the plate U and pad is retained in the position indicated at
Figure 11 by the engagement of one end of the bell-crank lever U with the
notched pivot boss of the stripper bar as shown at Figure 11. The lever U' is
held up by the action of the spring Us.
During the last portion of the stroke or movement of the box R in the direction
indicated by the arrows at Figures 9 and 10, the plate at the upper end of the
box is operated for the purpose of folding down the fourth side T3 of the
bag on to the gummed, glued, or pasted portion T beneath it. The completed

page_text: package is shown by the isometric view at Figure 16. The said folding plate u
is mounted upon the spindle w¹ and the necessary rotary movement is imparted
to it through a quadrant having teeth gearing with the wheel
or pinion ³ fixed onl to the said shaft ¹. The quadrant has
a tail piece which strikes (on its movement with the box R) the abutment
piece pivotted on the aforesaid bracket, and thus the rotary movement of the
spindle is effected. The elevation of the stripper bar U is accomplished during
the descent of the folding plate by the abutment of the lever mounted on
one end of the spindle, against a projection from the link U supported by a
stud U10 screwed into the side of the box R, the stud being passed through a
slot in the link as shown. As the link is connected with the bell crank lever U'
its movement will effect the withdrawal of such lever from engagement with the
hereinbefore described notched pivot boss of the stripper bar U and the latter
will then be raised by the action of a suitably arranged spring.
On the return stroke of the box R or its movement in the direction opposite
to that indicated by the arrows at Figures 9 and 10, the various abutment
pieces and U will spring back to permit the levers or projections to pass
same. In Figures 2. 6 and 7 the receiving box R is represented only by lines
enclosing a rectangular space, the said lines representing the maximum overall
dimensions of the combined box and plates at the upper end of the same.
By the last quarter of the revolution of the rotating tables, the liner or shell
is brought or carried from the position fd back to its starting position fª where
the shell or liner is removed by the operator and replaced by another having a bag
slipped over the same ready for a repetition of the packing operations in the
succeeding revolution.
To support the shells or liners during the compression of the substance to be
packed, I sometimes dispose stiffening pieces between the upper and lower plates
of the rotatable tables adjacent to the long sides of the liners, and in order that
such stiffeners shall not obstruct the action of the ejecting rod, I arrange to
automatically tilt or otherwise place them out of position in any convenient
manner just prior to the descent of the said rod.
Although I preferably construct my machines of a duplex type having two
rotatable tables each arranged with the necessary compressing and other mechan-
ism such as hereinbefore described. I sometimes construct a machine with but
one table or with more than two tables, as may be necessary to meet the require
ments of varying services.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is
1. In machines for the packing of powdered or like substances in bags, the
combination of reciprocating plungers and rods with an intermittently rotating
table carrying liners over which the bags are drawn, substantially as described.
2. An appliance for the packing of powdered or like substances, consisting of
the combination with the open top bag for containing the substance, of a shell or
liner open at each end which fits within the said bag but is detachable therefrom
after the substance has been charged and compressed therein, substantially as
described.
3. In machines for the packing of powdered or like substances in bags, the
combination of a table formed by circular plates F F.having apertures for the
reception of the bags and connected together by a central boss F fixed upon a
pin or shaft E, with the mechanism whereby the said table has an intermittent
rotating movement imparted to it, substantially as described and as illustrated.
4. In machines for the packing of powdered or like substances in bags, the
combination with a reciprocating compressing rod as D of a plunger & fitted with
packing which is automatically expanded on the entry of the said plunger into the
bag or its liner G, substantially as described and as illustrated.

page_text: 5. In machines for the packing of powdered or like substances in bags, the
arrangement and combination with the said machines of a compressing plunger
rod D and an ejecting rod D¹ and. the linkage connections between the said rods,
substantially as described and as illustrated.
6. In machines for the packing of powdered or like substances in bags, the
combination with an intermittently rotating table and reciprocating plungers as d
and D2, of a receiving box R which is reciprocated beneath the said table, sub-
stantially as described and as illustrated.
7. In machines for the packing of powdered or like substances in bags, the
combination with a receiving box as R of means for effecting the discharge of
the packages therefrom and delivering the said packages on to a receiver as S
and from thence to a conveyor, substantially as described and as illustrated.
S. In machines for the packing of powdered or like substances in bags the
combination with the receiving box as R of hinged and, sliding cover pieces
operated for folding, closing, and securing the mouth of the bags, substantially
as described and as illustrated.
9. The general combination in the one machine for the packing of powdered
or like substances in bags. of parts as claimed in the preceding claims, and sub-
stantially as described and illustrated herein..
10. A duplex machine for the packing of powdered or like substances in bags.
constructed substantially as described and as illustrated.
Data :.
1000
MARKS & CLERK,
18. Southampton Buildings. London, W.C.,
13, Temple Street, Birmingham. &, 25, Cross Street, Manchester,
Agents for the Applicant.