CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR MANUFACTURING BRICKS, TILES, QUARRIES, DRAIN PIPES, AND SUCH OTHER ARTICLES AS ARE OR MAY BE MADE OF CLAY OR OTHER PLASTIC SUBSTANCES
Year: 1852

page_text: UATES S
ION.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOSEPH
PIMLOTT OATES, of Lichfield, in the County of Stafford, Surgeon, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her present most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Royal Letters Patents under the Great Seal of the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, bearing date at Westminster, the Sixth day of April,
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-two, in the fifteenth year of Her reign,
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said
Joseph Pimlott Oates, my exors, adiñňors, and assigns, Her especial licence,
full power, sole privilege and authority, that I, the said Joseph Pimlott Oates,
my exors, adñors, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Joseph Pimlott
Oates, my exors, adñors, or assigns, should at any time agree with, and no
others, from time to time and at all times during the term of years therein
expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the
Islands of Jersey, Guernsey, Alderney, Sark, and Man, and in all Her Majesty's
Colonies and Plantations abroad, my Invention of "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY FOR MANUFACTURING BRICKS, TILES, QUARRIES, DRAIN PIPES, AND SUCH
OTHER ARTICLES AS ARE OR MAY BE MADE OF CLAY OR OTHER PLASTIC SUBSTANCES;"
in which said Letters Patent is contained a proviso that I, the said Joseph
Pimlott Oates, shall cause a particular description of the nature of my said
Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, by an instrument
in writing under my hand and seal, to be inrolled in Her Majesty's High
Court of Chancery within six calendar months next and immediately after the
date of the said in part recited Letters Patent, as in and by the same, reference
being thereunto had, will more fully and at large appear.

page_text: that is to say-
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING.
Figure 1 represents my Invention in side elevation, and Figure 2 represents
the same in plan. Figure 3 represents a vertical and longitudinal section
taken through the line a in Figure 2; and Figure 4 represents a vertical and
transverse section of part of the machine, Figures 1, 2, and 3; the said section,
Figure 4, being taken through the line b, Figure 3. Figures 5, 6, 7, and 8,
represent detached portions of my machine. The same letters and figures of
reference indicate the same parts in the several Figures. c is the driving shaft,
by the rotation of which the several motions herein-after described are commu-
nicated to the various parts of the machine. d is the hopper or pug mill in
which the clay is prepared previous to being moulded into bricks or other
articles. The said hopper consists of a vessel, the upper part of which has the
figure of an inverted cone; the middle portion e is cylindrical, and the lower
portion is conical or funnel shaped, as represented. The parts d, e, may be
made in one piece; the part f is connected by a flange to the flanged bottom
of the part.
e, g, is a vertical shaft situated in the axis of the hopper d. The
upper end of this shaft is supported by and works in a collar or journal h, on
the arch i; and the lower end of the said shaft works in a bearing in the cross
piece k, which is fixed between the flanges e, f, of the parts e and f. That
portion of the shaft which is situated in the part d of the hopper is of an
octagonal figure, and carries a series of knives or blades 1, 1, 1, the lengths of
which are as great as is compatible with their working in the parts of the
hopper in which they are respectively situated. These blades are connected
with the shaft g, by being welded or otherwise connected with bosses having
octagonal apertures corresponding to the figure of the shaft. Two of the said
blades are attached to each boss in a right line, that is to say, one blade is
placed exactly opposite to another on each boss. These blades are inclined, as
shewn in the Drawing (see Figure 3), each blade being inclined in a direction
opposite to that of the other blade on the same boss; that is to say, although
the axis of each blade is perpendicular to the shaft g, each blade is twisted on
its axis, so that the plane of each of the said blades is inclined to a horizontal
plane, the inclinations of the two blades on the same boss being opposed to

page_text: g
each other, as already described. The several bosses are so placed upon the
shaft g that each blade makes an angle of forty-five degrees with the blade
next below or above it. The bosses are deeper, and consequently the blades
further apart at the upper part of the hopper d than at the lower part of the
said hopper. The shaft 9 is connected with and driven by the driving shaft c,
through the bevil gear m, and axis n. The part e of the hopper is occupied
by a continuous blade or screw o upon the shaft g; the form of which said
screw or blade is so fully shown in Figure 3, that I do not deem a further
description of it necessary. The lower part f of the hopper (which for the
sake of distinction I will hereafter call the "rectum") is at its top of a
circular figure, corresponding in size and form with the lower part of the
portion e of the hopper. The said rectum contracts from its upper circular
part towards the lower end p, and has at the said lower end a rectangular
figure, the said rectangular part corresponding in form and size to the length
and breadth of the brick to be produced. The rectum terminates below in
the plate or flange q. r, 8, is a frame shown separately and in perspective in
Figure 5, to which a reciprocating sliding motion is communicated by the
means herein-after explained. This frame consists of the two dies or moulds
r, s, which are open at top and bottom, and exactly resemble in internal
figure the ordinary hand-brick mould. The space between the said moulds r, s,
is equal to the size of one of the said moulds. The said frame r, s, works in
slides t, t, (see Figure 4,) fixed on the sides u, u, of the frame of the machine.
vis a rod, having a horizontal sliding motion; the said rod is jointed to the
frame r, s, at w. x, x', are anti-friction rollers fixed on the rod v, on which
said rollers the camb y on the driving shaft c acts by the rotation of the said
camb y. The frame r, s, is brought into the position represented in the
Drawing, and allowed to rest awhile in that position. The said frame is after-
wards made to slide in the direction indicated by the arrow in Figure 3 until
the mould r is brought under the rectum f, (that is to say,) until the mould r
occupies the position which in the Drawing is occupied by the mould s. The
frame rests again for awhile, and is then again brought into the position
represented in the Drawing, the several motions described being effected by
a single rotation of the camb y. The frame r, s, slides between the plate or
flange a terminating the rectum and the plate z fixed to the framing of the
machine. 1, 2, are two pistons affixed to arms 3, 4, and capable of motion in
a vertical line. The piston 1 is situated immediately over the mould r, when
the frame r, s, has the position represented in the Drawing; and the piston 2
is situated immediately over the moulds, when the frame r, s, has, by the
action of the camb y, been brought to the end of its course in the direction

page_text: indicated by the arrow in Figure 3. 5 and 6 are cambs on the driving shaft c;
in the face of each of which cambs are grooves 7, (one of which is shewn at
Figures 1 and 3). A pin on the end of each of the cranked levers 8 engages
in the said grooves 7; the motion of the said cranked levers 8 is commu-
nicated by the connecting rods 9 to the cranked levers 10, and through the
connecting rods 11, 11, to the pistons 1, 2. The cambs 5, 6, are so fixed
upon the driving shaft c, (see Figure 2,) that by the rotation of the said shaft
the piston 1 is brought down and raised again when the mould r is under the
said piston; and the piston 2 is brought down and raised again when the
moulds is under the said piston 2. 12, 13, are endless webs working on the
rollers 14, 15. The said rollers are actuated by the driving shaft c, through
the bands 16, pullies 17, and bevil gear 18. The action of the several parts of
the machine is as follows:-The clay to be made into bricks is placed in the
hopper d, in a coherent state, and by the rotation of the shaft g, and knives 1, 1,
is tempered and carried down to the part e of the hopper. The further pro-
gress of the said clay is effected by the screw o, which carries it down the said
cylindrical part e, and forces it in a highly compressed form through the
rectum finto the mould r or s. As the said moulds are alternately filled with
the compressed clay, the frame carrying the said moulds is made to slide back-
wards and forwards in the manner herein-before described. The sliding of
the said frame between the plates q and z planes the upper and lower faces of
the bricks contained in the said moulds during the rest of the frame; and
while the empty mould under the rectum is being filled, the piston over the
filled mould descends, and forcing the brick out of the bottom of the said
mould, deposits it on the endless web underneath, by which web it is carried
away. Although I have described and prefer using a sliding frame carrying
two dies, I do not confine myself to that number of dies. In order to make
tiles and other articles, the rectum f, sliding frame r, s, and pistons 1, 2, are
removed, and such other rectum and dies substituted as may be necessary to
fit my machine, for the manufacture of the said tiles and other articles. Thus,
for making pipes or crest tiles, the rectum represented in section in Figure 6,
and in front view in Figure 7, is used, and a suitable die is attached to the
lower end thereof. Figure 8 represents the die which is attached to the lower
end of the rectum. Figures 6 and 7, when crest tiles are to be made.
Having now described the nature of my said Invention, and the manner in
which the same is to be carried into effect, I wish it to be understood that I
do not limit myself to the precise manner of carrying my Invention into effect
herein-before described, as the same may be varied without departing from the
nature of my said Invention. I claim,-

page_text: Firstly, the arrangement of knives herein-before described, and represented
in the accompanying Drawing.
Secondly, the forcing of the clay, or other plastic substance, of which bricks,
tiles, and other articles are to be formed, through the contracting passage
herein-before described, and represented in the accompanying Drawing, and
called the rectum, whereby the clay or other plastic substance is brought into
a compressed state.
Thirdly, the reciprocating frame herein-before described, and represented in
the accompanying Drawing, carrying the moulds in which the bricks or other
articles to be manufactured are formed; also the planing or smoothing the tops
and bottoms of such bricks or other articles by causing the moulds in which
they are formed to slide between plane surfaces, and the removal of the bricks
or other articles from the moulds by pistons, as herein described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Joseph Pimlott Oates, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Twenty-eighth day of September, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-two.
JOSEPH PIMLOTT (LS.) OATES.
JOSEPH PIMLOTT (L.B.) OATES.
AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the Twenty-eighth day of September,
in the year of our Lord 1852, the aforesaid Joseph Pimlott Oates came before
our said Lady the Queen in Her Chancery, and acknowledged the Speci-
fication aforesaid, and all and every thing therein contained and specified, in
form above written. And also the Specification aforesaid was stamped
according to the tenor of the Statute made for that purpose.
Enrolled the Thirtieth day of September, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and fifty-two.