Improvements in and connected with Means for Electrically Lighting Railway Carriages.
Year: 1896

page_text: Date of Application, 19th Nov., 1896
Complete Specification Left, 16th Aug., 1897-Accepted, 13th Nov., 1897
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and connected with Means for Electrically Lighting
Railway Carriages.
I, EMIL DICK, of 2, Bauernmarkt, Vienna, Austria, Chief Engineer, do hereby
declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
According to this invention the incandescent lamps in each carriage are supplied
either by accumulator batteries or by accumulator batteries and a dynamo. Each
carriage is provided with an accumulator-battery and in one of the carriages is
employed the dynamo, which supplies the current necessary for the charging of
the battery or for simultaneously charging and lighting; this carriage also
contains the switches, regulators, and safety appliances belonging to the dynamo.
The main conducting wire passes through all the carriages and is connected
between each two carriages by means of a flexible cable and easily removable
coupling, which are employed on the roof of the carriages. The dynamo is driven
oy tooth gearing from one of the carriage axles upon which it is mounted as well
known.
The lamps in each carriage are switched parallel with each other onto the main
conducting wire by means of branch wires. There are also switched onto the said
branch wires, but forming a closed conductor with the lamps, an accumulator
battery and a lamp regulating resistance, the amount at which is regulated by
means of a solenoid situated in the branch of the main conducting wire and the
core of which dips into a quick-silver vessel which is formed of superposed
insulated metal rings which are conductively connected with the separate elements
of a resistance, so that a larger number of resistance elements are switched out of
the branch wires than rings are simultaneously touched by the quick-silver.
As the height of the magnet depends upon the strength of the current circulat-
ing through the solenoid, the current in the main line can be maintained in the
branch line at a constant tension by choosing the strength of the wire, the number
of coils and the diameter of the solenoids accordingly.
To obviate a violent movement of the solenoid core, its end is formed with a
small piston which is loosely guided in a cylinder.
The switch described is repeated in each carriage whilst the apparatus herein-
after described are only employed in the generator carriage of the train.
In the main conducting wire which passes through the whole of the train are
arranged parallel to each other, an anchor, a dynamo and its electro-magnet.
In the circuit of the dynamo-anchor are inserted in a branch of the main conduct-
ing wire a number of apparatus, viz.
1. A commutator which serves to switch the armature current which alters with
the direction in which the trains moves, parallel with the accumulator current.
2. An apparatus which serves to keep the dynamo switched out of the main
conducting wire, until the current generated by it has reached the tension

page_text: necessary for the supply of the lamps or accumulator battery and which apparatus
thus also checks the back flow of the accumulator current into the dynamo.
3. A coil consisting of 3 separate layers surrounding the bobbin of the auto-
matic resistance regulator of an exciting current, and lastly
4. A check resistance.
To the circuit of the electro-magnet are connected the following apparatus-
1. A forward switch resistance.
2. The middle coils of the resistance regulator hereinbefore referred to.
3. A resistance the strength of which is regulated by the said resistance
regulator.
The apparatus just specified are hereinafter described in succession.
The commutator consists of an electro-magnet having a rocking anchor on the
shaft of which are fixed three two armed levers isolated from each other and the
hook shaped ends of which are situated opposite cups containing quick-silver, the
first four of the said cups being connected with each other by means of wire
erossing each other and the remainder direct.
The coils of the electro-magnet is switched onto a branch of the main wire,
that of the anchor onto another branch of the dynamo wire in such a manner,
that the last named wires join the aforesaid isolated levers which by means of
other wires are connected direct with the dynamo brushes: the said quick silver
cups are joined directly with the dynamo wire.
The aforesaid commutator at the same time serves to short circuit the forward
resistanco of the exciting wire during the run of the dynamo in the exciting
circuit and are for this purpose, from two points of this wire situated at both
sides of the said resistance connected with one of the two quick-silver cups conduc-
tively connected together by a wire.
The apparatus hereinbefore referred to as No. 2 consists of a double armed lever
carrying two steel magnets and its solenoids of which the one forming the main
circuit bobbin is inserted into the dynamo wire and the other forming the tension
bobbin in a branch of the dynamo wire and to which branch the innermost of the
three coils of the bobbin of the apparatus is connected. One of the aforesaid steel
magnets at its lower end is furnished with a fork the prongs of which are retained
above the level of the quick-silver in the aforesaid cups whilst the said solenoids
are passive.
The apparatus hereinbefore to as No. 3 is in its construction identical with the
resistance regulators of incandescent lamps switches and differs only in the solenoid
which has three coils, the function of the regulator being as follows-
The outer coil which is connected with the main line and the inner coil with a
branch of the main wire support each other and the inner one acts against the
electrodynamic effect of the first named coils.
When in a position of rest the iron core by its own weight descends completely
into the vessel containing quick-silver which latter is then caused to rise and short
circuits the whole of the regulator resistance.
When the engine is switched off, the iron core remains in the snid position as
well as when at a certain velocity of the train the dynamo delivers current to the
main conducting wire.
When the revolutions of the engine increases the tension and also the strength
of current supplied to the main wire will increase and if the latter reaches a
certain maximum, the Ampere coils in the main current coil, like the branch
switch coils, will also increase and the said iron core is drawn into the solenoid
which causes the level of the quick-silver in the said vessel to be lowered and the
switching of the exciting circuit of the dynamo takes place.
This weakening of the exciting circuit causes the effect of the middle coil u
the outer and inner coils will be weakened, which tends to more securely retain the
said core in its new position.
By properly choosing the diameter of these coils it is possible to receive
current from the dynamo which varies within certain limits, when the charge of

page_text: 5
the battery increases the iron core rises and when nearly completely charged at a
maximum velocity of the train is drawn completely int, the solenoid, whereby
the strength of the current of the dynamo decreases owing to the exciting current
having been weakened; when the number of revolutions decrease the contrary
takes place.
The function of the installation described is as follows-
The dynamo wire which when the train is at a stand-still is interrupted
through the apparatus hereinhofore referred to as No. 2 the contact fork of which
is situated above the respective quick-silver cups, whilst a second interruption of
the dynamo circuit takes place at the aforesaid commutator, the contact levers of
which are situated in horizontally and out of the respective quick-silver cups.
Owing to this dual circuit interruption the accumulator current is prevented
from flowing back into the dynamo anchor.
But whilst the dynamo anchor wire is completely free of current, a current
circulates through the line of the dynamo electro magnet positioned in the branch
of the main wire, which in order to prevent loss is reduced to a suitable minimum
by means of a resistance inserted into the respective circuit.
The moment the train starts the dynamo moves in the direction in which the
train moves and as a weak current from the accumulator batteries circulates in the
exciting wire a weak current will also be generated in the anchor wire, which will
circle round the anchor.
As in the electro-magnet a weak brauch current of the main wire circulates,
the shaft of the anchor and its levers are moved in the direction in which the
current circulates around the mnguet.
Assuming the anchor has turned to the right the hooked ends of the aforesaid,
levers on that side will descend into the respective quick-silver cups; by this con-
fact alone the dynamo line would be switched onto the main line if the same
was not broken between the quick-silver cups of the apparatus herein before
referred to as No. 2.
Owing to this interruption the dynamo current is obliged to run by way of
the brauch wire through the tension bobbin and at a certain tension will draw
the solenoid core downwards owing to the connection existing between the lever
enres and forks of the solenoid the said fork will descend into the respective quick-
silver cups and the main current wire be closed.
If the direction in which the train moves is contrary to that already assumed,
the anchor shaft with its lever would have moved in the opposite direction and the
dynamo circuit would have been closed accordingly, so that owing to the cross-
wise connection of the respective quick-silver cups in the main wire it would have
taken the same direction as in the case already described.
With the first two named levers the third lever on the anchor shaft has also been
moved in one or the other direction so as to bring either one or the other of the
respective quick-silver cups in contact with the same.
By the closing the circuit through the middle of the said 'lever and one of the
respective quick-silver cups the resistance of the exciting coil will be short
circuited so that the exciting current will be considerably strengthened at the
start of the train.
The regulation of the exciting current or the increase or decrease of the
resistance to be inserted therein takes place through nu automatic regulator, the
construction and function of which has been previously described.
It will thus be seen that the lamps in all the carriages which form the train
a current circulates which corresponds with the current of the accumulators.
At night time, when the lamp circuits are switched onto the main wire, the
accumulator battery will supply the lamps when the train is at a stand still
and when running the dynamo current.
If the train attains such a speed that the tension of the current generated in the
dynamo exceeds that of the current of the battery, the dynamo will simultaneously
supply the lamp and the charging of the acoumulator batteries.

page_text: However during the day when the lamps are switched off, the whole of t
dynamo current is used for charging the battery.
F. BOSSHARDT & Co.,
Agents to Applicant.
Improvements in and connected with Means for Electrically Lighting
Railway Carriages.
I, EMIL DICK, of 2, Bauernmarkt, Vienna, Austria, Chief Engineer, do hereby
declare the nature of this invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:
According to this invention the incandescent lamps in each carriage are supplied
either by accumulator batteries or by accumulator batteries and a dynamo. Each
carriage is provided with an accumulator-battery and in one of the carriages is
employed the dynamo, which supplies the current necessary for the charging of
the battery or for simultaneously charging and lighting this carriage also
contains the switches, regulators, and safety appliances belonging to the dynamo.
The main conducting wire passes through all the carriages and is connected
between each two carriages by means of a flexible cable and easily removable
coupling, which are employed on the roof of the carriages. The dynamo is driven
by tooth gearing from one of the carriage axles upon which it is mounted as well
known.
And in order that my Invention may be more fully understood I have caused to
be appended hereunto, one sheet of drawings illustrating the switching of the
lamps, secondary batteries, dynamo, and of accessory switches and regulators.
In carrying out my invention the lamps in each carriage are switched parallel
with oach other onto the main conducting wire I, II, by means of branch
wires I, II, There are also switched onto the branch wires I, II', but formia.; a
closed conductor with the lamps, 9, 9, an accumulator battery C and a lamp
regulating resistance W, the amount of which is regulated by means of
a solenoid w', situated in the branch Z of tho main conducting
wire I, II, and the core of which dips into a quick-silver vessel which is
formed of superposed insulated metal rings which are conductively connected
with the separate elements of a resistance W, so that a larger number of resistance
elements are switched out of the branch wiros I, II', than rings
simultaneously touched by the quick-silver.
re
As the height of the magnet depends upon the strength of the current circu-
lating through the solenoid w', the current in the main line cau be maintained in
the branch line T', II', at a constant tension by choosing the strength of the wire,
the number of coils and the diameter of the solenoids eccordingly.
To obviate a violent movement of the solenoid core u, its end is formed with a
small piston, which is loosely guided in a cylinder in
The switch described is repeated in each carriage whilst the apparatus herein-
after described are only employed in the generator carriage of the train.
In the main conducting wire I, II, which passes through the whole of the train
are arranged parallel to each other, an armature a, a dynamo A and its electro-
magnet, the armature a being inserted into the branch line III III and the
electro-magnet into the branch line I-IV. In the circuit of the dynamo-
armature a are inserted a number of apparatus, riz.
=

page_text: 1. A commutator F which serves to switch the armature current which ulters
with the direction in which the train moves, parallel with the accumulator current.
2. An apparatus B which serves to keep the dynamo switched out of the main
conducting wire, until the current generated by it has reached the tension
necessary for the supply of the lamps or accumulator battery and which apparatus
thus also checks the back flow of the accumulator current into the dynamo.
3. A coil d' consisting of 3 separate layers surrounding the bobbin of the auto-
matic resistance regulator D of an exciting current, and lastly
4. A check resistance S.
To the circuit IV etc., of the electro-magnet a' are connected the following
apparatus
1. A forward switch resistance a³.
2. The second coil of the resistance regulator D, hereinbefore referred to.
8. A resistance r the strength of which is regulated by the resistance regulator D.
The apparatus just specified are hereinafter described in succession.
The commutator F consists of an electro-magnet f having a rocking armature f¹
on the shaft f of which are fixed three two armed levers g, h, k, isolated from each
other and the hook shaped ends of which are situated opposite cups, g¹g, h¹³,
,, containing quick-silver, the first four of the said cups being crosswise con-
neoted with each other by means of the wire III° and the remaindor k, through
wire 1º direct.
The coils of the electro-magnet f is switched onto a branch 1 of the main wire
that of the armature f¹ onto another branch 2 of the dynamo wire in such a
manner, that the last named wires 2, 2, join the aforesaid isolated levers g and h
which by means of other wires 111, III, are connected direct with the dynamo
brushes a, a, as will be readily seen from the drawings; the quick-silver
cups & are connected directly with the portious III, III, of the dynamo
wire.
The commutator F at the same time sorves to short circuit the forward resis
tance of the exciting wire IV etc., and for whica purpose two branch lines 3
and 4 run from the circuit IV at the sides of the resistance a, which through the
lever and conductor can be respectively connected to the quick-silver
cups k¹, 19.
carrying two steel
main circuit bobbiu,
forming the tension
which branch 5 the
The apparatus 13 consists of a double armed lever
magnets b, and its solenoids 3, 6 of which forming the
is inserted into the dynamo wire III etc., and the other
bobbin, in a branch 5 of the dynamo wire III etc., and to
innermost of the three coils, 4, 3, of tho bobbin of the apparatus D is
connected.
The steel magnet at its lower end is furnished with a fork the prongs of
which are retained abovo the level of the quick-silver in the cups 1, 67, whilst the
solenoids 63, 6 are passive.
The apparatus D is identical in its construction with the resistance
regulators W, l, of the incandescent lamp switches and differs only in the sole-
noid which has three coils d', d, d, whilst the function of the regulator is as
follows;-
The outer coil which is connected with the main line and the inner coil
with the branch 5 of the main wire, support each other, the inner one
against the electro-dynamic effect of the coils d', ³.
acting
When in position of rest, the iron core do through its own weight descends
completely into the vessel d³ containing quick-silver which latter is then caused to
rise and short circuits the whole of the regulator resistance r.
When the engine is switched off, the iron core d remains in the said position
also when at a certain velocity of the train the dynamo delivers current to the
main conducting wire.
When the revolutions of the engine increases, the tension and also the strength
of current supplied to the main wire I, II, will increase and if the latter reaches a

page_text: certain maximum, the Ampere coils in the main current coil will also increase
like the branch switch coils d³ and the iron core d is drawn into the solenoid which
causes the level of the quick-silver in the vessel to be lowered and the switching
of the exciting circuit IV etc., of the dynamo takes place.
This weakening of the exciting circuit IV etc., causes the effect of the middle
coil upon the outer and inner coils d', d to be weakened, which tends to more
securely retain the core d in its new position.
By properly choosing the diameter of the coils d', ³, P, it is possible to receive
a current from the dynamo which varies within certain limits, when the charge
of the battery increases the iron core d rises and when nearly completely charged
at a maximum velocity of the train is drawn completely into the solenoidd', d, d
whereby the strongth of the current of the dynamo decreases owing to the exciting
current having been weakened; when the number of revolutions decrease the
contrary takes place.
The function of the installation described is as follow: -
The dynama wire III', which when the train is at a stand-still is free from
current is interrupted through the apparatus, B, the contact fork of which is
situated above the respective quick-silver cups 6, 67, whilst a second interruption
of the dynamo circuit takes place at the commutator F, the contact levers g, h, k,
of which are situated horizontally and out of the respective quick-silver cups.
Owing to this dual circuit interruption the accumulator current is prevented
from flowing back into the dynamo armature a. But whilst the dynamo armature
wire is completely free from current, a current circulates through the line IV dc.,
of the dynamo electro-magnet a positioned in the branch of the main wire I, II,
which in order to prevent loss is reduced to a suitable minimum by means of a
resistance a inserted into the circuit IV etc.
The moment the train starts the armature a of the dynamo moves in the direc-
tion in which the train runs and as a weak current from the accumulator batteries C
circulates in the exciting wire IV clc., a weak current will also be generated in
the anchor wire III' etc., which by way of the conductors 2, 2 will circle round the
armature f¹.
As in the electro-magnetf a weak branch current of the main wire I, II, circulates
through the line 1, 1, the shaft of the armature and its levers g, h, k, are always
moved in the direction in which the current circulates around the armature f¹
i.., either in the direction of the arrow por g.
Assuming the armature f has turned in the direction of the arrow the
hooked ends of the levers g, h, k, on that side will descend into the quick-silver
cups g, h, ; by this contact alone the dynamo line III etc., would be switched
onto the main line I, IT, if the same was not broken between the quick-silver
cups 66, 67 of the apparatus D.
Owing to this interruption the dynamo current is obliged to run by way of
the branch wire 5 through the tension bobbin and at a certain tension will
draw the solenoid core 63 up; owing to the kinematic connection existing beween
the parts a, b, b', b, the fork b descends into the quick-silver cups 66, 67, and the
main current III' etc., will be closed through the conductor b."
If the direction in which the train ruus is contrary to that already assumed, the
shaft with its levers g, h, would have moved in the direction of the arrow g and
the dynamo circuit would have been closed over the cups g', ', so that the said cir-
cuit, owing to the crosswise connection of the quick-silver cups g, h, g, h, g, in the
main wire, would have run in the same direction as in the case already described.
Simultaneously with the levers g, h, the lever k moves in one or the other direc-
tion so as to bring either the cup k or in contact with the lever k.
By the closing of the circuit between the middle of the lever k and one of the
quick-silver cups 1, 19, the resistance a of the exciting coil IV etc., will be short
circuited so that the exciting current will be considerably strengthened at the
start of the train.

page_text: The regulation of the exciting current or the increase or decrease of the resis-
Lancer to be inserted therein takes place through an automatic regulator D, the
construction and function of which has been previously described.
It will thus be seen that tho lamps in all the carriages which form the train a
current circulates which corresponds with the current of the accumulators.
At night time, when the lamp circuits are switched onto the main wire by the
switches g', the accumulator battery will supply the lamps when the train is at a
stand still aud when running the dynamo current.
If the train attains such a speed that the tension of the current generated in the
dynaano exceeds that of the current of the battery, the dynamo will simultaneously
supply the lamp and the charging of the accumulator batteries.
However during the day when the lamps are switched off, the whole of the
dynamo current is used for charging the battery.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is:-
In and connected with means for electrically lightening railway carriages, a
commutator F which reverses the engine current and short circuits the resis
tauce a of the exciting circuit IV-IV simultaneously, adapted to short circuit
the resistance a through the lever k and quick-silver cups, during its move-
ments for the reversion of the current, whilst the bobbin of the three concentric
coils forming the apparatus 1) which regulates the exciting current is switched into
the main current III-III, the middle bobbin into the exciting circuit IV-IV
and the third bobbin into the branch line 5 of the main line, all substantially
as set forth.
Dated this 14th day of tout 1907
F. BOSSHARDT & Co.,
4, Corporation Street, Manchester, Agents to Applicant.