IMPROVED APPARATUS OR MEANS TO BE EMPLOYED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF TUMBLERS, GOBLETS, AND OTHER ARTICLES FROM Grass
Year: 1873

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Thomas Haden Richardson, of Hatton, in
tho County of Derby, Glass Manufacturer, for the Invention of
"IMPROVED APPARATUS OR MEANS TO BE EMPLOYED IN THE MANUFACTURE
OF TUMBLERS, GOBLETS, AND OTHER ARTICLES FROM Grass.”
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Thomas Haden
Richardson at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
his Petition, on the 22nd February 1873.
I, JOHN THOMAS HADEN RICHARDSON, of Hatton, in the County of
Derby, Glass Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVED AFPARATUS OR MEANS TO BE EMPLOYED IN THE Manu-
PACTURE OF TUMBLERS, GOBLETS, AND OTHER ARTICLES FROM GLASS," to be as
follows:-
This Invention relates to the manufacture of tumblers, goblets, and
other artioles from glass, and lins reference more particularly to improved
apparatus or means for performing that part or process of the said
manufacturo technically termed "rubbing.”

page_text: Hitherto all plain blown tumblers, goblets, and other similar articles
manufactured from glass have been "rubbed" by hand with the
ordinary glass makers' tools tormed "pacellas" and "palatos" requiring
great exertion and skill.
The improved apparatus or means consists mainly of an improved t
rubbing tool or "rubber" of metal or other material, and somewhat of
the shape of an ordinary tumbler, having however ribs or bars (with
inner flattened surfaces, and with open spaces or interstices between)
projecting from its bottom (which acts as the palate hitherto in use) to
its upper and wider circumference, where they are united and held firmly 1
by a circumscribing or inner retaining rim; by the employment of which
improved "rubber" great advantages are obtained in being able to see
at any time when the articles are sufficiently "rubbed."
The rubber is secured by a screwed socket to a revolving shaft (which
can be set in an inclined, vertical, or horizontal position), provided with 1
a fly wheel to steady its motion, and supported by a bracket, with its
lower end working in a footstep; both of which latter are suitably
secured to a bed plate. The motion of the shaft is derived by means of
a cord or strip wound round it, (or by other suitable means), so that it
is quickly reversible..
The blowing tube on which the metal is gathered from the melting
pot and blown up as hitherto ready for insertion in the "rubber," is
held in position in a lino with the revolving shaft by means of other
brackets or standards bolted or otherwise secured to the bed plate.
9
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said John Thomas Haden Richardson in the Great
Seal Patent Office on the 22nd August 1873.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOHN
THOMAS HADEN RICHARDSON, of Hatton, in the County of Derby, Glass
Manufacturer, send groeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Hor
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-second day of February, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred, and soventy-threo, in

page_text: the thirty-sixth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and suc-
cessors, give and grant unto me, the said John Thomas Haden
Richardson, Her special licenco that I, the said John Thomas Inden
Richardson, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as
I, the said John Thomas Haden Richardson, my executors, administra-
tors, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from
time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein
expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, oxcrcise, and vend,
within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVED APPARATUS OR
MEANS TO BE EMPLOYED IN THE MAnufacture of Tumblers, GOBLETS, AND OTHER
ARTICLES FROM GLASS," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said
John Thomas Haden Richardson, my executors or administrators, by an
instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and
seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of tho said
Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and
cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, tho said John Thomas Hayden Richardson,
do hereby declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement in writing, and on reference being
had to the accompanying Drawings, that is to say.:-
This Invention relates to the manufacture of tumblers, goblets, and
other articles from glass, and has reference more particularly to improved
apparatus or means for performing that part or process of the said
manufacture technically termed "rubbing."
Hitherto all plain blown articles of the abovo kind have been
"rubbed" by hand with the ordinary glass makers' tools termed
"pucellas" and "pallettos" requiring great exertion and skill.
In the ordinary way of forming a tumbler glass the metal is blown in
a bubble as near the requisito size as possible, and is then rubbed by the
workman known as the "servitor" with his pucellas in one hand,
whilst with the other ho causes the blowing tube with the bubble at the
end to revolve upon the chair arms; a boy at the samo time holding a
palletto at the extreme and of the bubble which he forces back, and

page_text: which actions give cymmurical or comical sites WITH A DO
article being formed.
LU MIC
My improved apparatus, which is illustrated on the accompanying
Drawing in Figures 1, 2, 8, and 4 respectively, a sido elevation, cnd
elevation, plan view, and transverse sextion of the rubber, consists
mainly of an improved rubbing tool or rubber made substantially as
follows, and which I construct of metal or other suitablo material, such
as graphite, carbon, or carbonates, or any combination theroof:-
The rubbing tool consists of a bottom A to which are fixed six or any
other suitable number of fixed or movcable bars B, the ends of which:
most remote from the bottom A are held together by the rim C; theso
bars may be straight, spiral, or of other form, provided that in longi-
tudinal sextion the bottom and bars together in revolving describe tho
contour of the article to be made, and in transverse section the bars or
ribs form tangents of the circle of revolution, or it may be made wholly
of one piece and simply turned or formed to the shape of the article
required; but I prefer using the bars with the open spaces between, so that
it can be seen when the operation of rubbing is sufficiently performed.
The bottom A is bored and screwed to admit of its being attached to and
removed from the shaft or spindle herein-after described.
The rubbers are made to revolve by screwing them on to the end of
the shaft D, the end of which is provided with a proper screw thread to
enter the hole in the bottom A of the rubber. The shaft or spindle D
is supported by and free to revolve in the pedestal E and footstep F,
which are fixed to the frame G of the machine. On the shaft is also :
fixed a fly wheel H. On the frame G are two brackets or guides I, I,
for the reception of the blowing tube J, and the axis of the shaft D may
be set truly in line. Motion is given to the shaft D by means of a strap
or cord K, which is first coiled round the shaft; by smartly pulling the
strap K the shaft is caused to revolve and sufficient impetus is given to a
the fly wheel to cause it to recoil the strap in readiness for the next
operation. I mount the machine on whells L, L, for convenience of
removal. The shaft D of the machine may be placed in an inclined
position, as shown, or it may be arranged vertically or horizontally as
may be most convenient for the work required, and motion may be 8
given to the shaft by other well known contrivances.

page_text: In forming articles by means of my Invention the glass is gathered
from the melting pot on the blowing tube and blown into. a bubble in⚫
the ordinary way, and the blowing tube J with the bubblo of glass at
thio end is then rosted on the two brackets I, I, and steadily pushed into
the rubber, which is caused to rovolve by pulling the strap K, and the
revolving motion of which reduces the bubble to the required shape or
form. Before pushing the bubble into the rubber the operator should
place his thumb or finger over the hole in the blowing tube to provent
rapid escape of air from the article being formed.
Having now described the nature and object of my said Invention,
together with tho manner in which the same is to be or may be per-.
formed or carried into practical effect, I would remark in conclusion
that I claim as my Invention the construction and use of a revolving
rubber, substantially as and for the purposes above described, and as
illustrated on the accompaning Drawings, or any equivalent modification
thereof.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Thomas Haden Richardson,
have hereunto set my hand and scal, this Nineteenth day of
August, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and
seventy-three.