IMPROVEMENTS IN WEAVING PLUSH AND OTHER PILED FABRICS
Year: 1853

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Philip Hill, of Gravel House, Coggeshall, in
the County of Essex, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
WEAVING PLUSH AND OTHER PILED FABRICS."-Partly a communi-
cation.
Sealed the 16th January 1854, and dated the 16th November 1853.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Philip Hill at
: the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 16th November 1853.
I, PHILIP HILL, of Gravel House, Coggeshall, in the County of
Essex, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN WEAVING PLUSH AND OTHER PILED FABRICS " to be as follows :-
These improvements apply to the weaving of plush and other piled
fabrics, where two fabrics are simultaneously woven face to face, and com-
bined by the warp threads which, when cut apart, form the pile of the
two fabrics. For this purpose, two pile rollers and four pile lambs or
shafts are employed, the pile warps from the two rollers being used alter-
nately, two of the lambs or shafts standing whilst two are at work. The

page_text: cylinder or barrel is arranged to open twelve double sheds each revolution.
Twelve lambs or shafts of harness are employed; eight for the ground
warps and four as above-mentioned for the pile warps, by which
arrangements the pile is better produced, for in place of the pile warps
only floating over not more than three weft threads when cut apart,
they may be made to float over four or more. The machinery may be
worked by hand or power.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Philip Hill in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 15th May 1854.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I,
PHILIP HILL, of Gravel House, Coggeshall, in the County of Essex,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Sixteenth day of November, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-three, in the
seventeenth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and succes-
sors, give and grant unto me, the said Philip Hill, Her special licence
that I, the said Philip Hill, my executors, administrators, and assigns,
or such others as I, the said Philip Hill, my executors, administrators,
and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time
to time, and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed,
should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands,
and Isle of Man, an. Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN WEAVING PLUSH
AND OTHER PILED FABRICS," partly a communication, upon the condition
(amongst others) that I, the said Philip Hill, by an instrument in
writing under my hand and seal, should particularly describe and
ascertain the nature of the said Invention and in what manner the
same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the
Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and imme-
diately after the date of the said Letters Patent.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Philip Hill, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement thereof (that is to say):
These improvements apply to the weaving of plush and other piled
fabrics where two fabrics are simultaneously woven face to face, and
combined by the warp threads, which when cut apart form the pile of
the two fabrics. For this purpose two pile rollers and four pile lambs
or shafts are employed, the pile warps from the two rollers being used
alternately, two of the lambs or shafts standing whilst two are at
work. The cylinder or barrel is arranged to open twelve double sheds
each revolution. Twelve lambs or shafts of harness are employed;
eight for the ground warps, and four (as above mentioned) for the pile
warps, by which arrangements the pile is better produced, for in place
of the pile warps only floating over not more than three weft threads
when cut apart, they may be made to float over four or more. The
machinery may be worked by hand or power.
Having thus stated the nature of my said Invention, I will proceed
to describe the means of performing the same.
Heretofore, in the manufacture of pile fabrics, where two fabrics
have been simultaneously woven face to face, and combined by the
warp threads which when cut apart have formed the pile of the two
fabrics, it has been usual to employ two pile lambs or shafts, and there
has been one pile warp thread to each dent of the reed. The conse-
quence of such former mode of working has been that each of the
warp threads has heretofore been caused to float or flush over only
three threads of the weft.
or shafts are used, and
each dent of the reed,
flush over as many as
Now, by my improvements, four pile lambs
there are two warp threads (on two rollers) to
and each warp thread may be caused to float or
nine picks or threads of the weft. The cylinder or barrel is to be
arranged to open twelve double sheds each revolution. Twelve lambs
or shafts of harness are employed in the loom, eight for the ground warps
and four for the pile warps. The looms used may be worked by power
or by hand, and I would state that I make no claim to any novelty in

page_text: the looms used, nor to the parts, separately, which are added for the
purpose of carrying out my Invention. The working, according to my
Invention, when it is desired to cause each of the several warp threads.
to float or flush over nine picks of weft, and which is I believe, the
best mode of performing the; improvements, is as follows:-The first
pile lamb or shaft lifts its pile warp at the first and third picks, and
then the pile warp thread of such lamb remain during nine picks of
weft thread. The second pile lamb or shaft lifts its pile warp at the
fourth and sixth picks, and then remains during the next nine picks. I
would here state that it is by reason of using two additional pile lambs
or shafts that the two above-mentioned pile.lambs or shafts are enabled
each to be allowed.to remain during nine picks of weft: threads. But
for this addition the two first-mentioned pile lambs or shafts having
been worked as above described, would begin again, and the first pile
lamb would be again raised and the warp threads would only float or
flush over three picks of the weft, and which has heretofore been the
general practice. The two additional pile lambs or shafts, however,
come next into action, and the third pile lamb is raised at the seventh
and ninth picks of weft thread, and then remains during nine picks of
the weft thread, then the fourth pile lamb or shaft is raised at the
tenth and twelfth picks, and it remains without being raised during
nine picks of the weft thread. Hence it will be understood that each
warp thread will flush or float over nine weft threads; this is not,
however, absolutely essential, as it will be evident that a workman
might arrange the lifting of the several pile lambs or shafts so as to
cause the pile.warps to float or flush over a less number of picks of
weft than what is above described, but I believe it to be best to make the
fabrics, whether of silk or other fibre, as above described, by each warp
thread floating or flushing over nine picks of weft. In the above
description I have not thought it necessary to describe the making of
the ground, as the same is well understood. In order to assist the
workman in understanding the above description, I will call attention
to the following sketch or scale of the working of the four pile lambs
or shafts, so that each pile warp may float or flush over nine picks of
the weft.
:

page_text: And it is by repeating the above workings of the four pile lambs or
shafts that I believe the best working out of my Invention is to be
accomplished.
Having thus described the nature of my Invention, and the manner
of performing the same, I would have it understood that what I claim
is, the manufacture of plush and other fabrics (when two fabrics are
woven face to face, and combined by the warp threads, which when cut
apart form the pile of the two fabrics), by employing two pile warp
threads to each dent, and four pile lambs or shafts, as herein ex-
plained.
In witness whereof, I, the said Philip Hill have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Twelfth day of May, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-four.
20 Witness,
B. GOBEY,
12, Cursitor Street,
Chancery Lane.
PHILIP HILL. (L.S.)