Improvements in the Treatment of Paper, Linen, and other Textile Fabrics applicable to the Manufacture of Show Bills, Show Cards, Posters, Tablets, Wall Decorations, and other purposes.
Year: 1891

page_text: Date of Application, 13th Nov., 1891
Complete Specification Left, 15th Aug., 1892-Accepted, 24th Sept., 1892
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Treatment of Paper, Linen, and other Textile
Fabrics applicable to the Manufacture of Show Bills, Show Cards,
Posters, Tablets, Wall Decorations, and other purposes.
I FREDERICK GEORGE ANNISON of 218, Burdett Road Bow in the County of
Middlesex Lithographic Printer do hereby declare the nature of this invention to
be as follows :-
The object of this invention is to treat paper linen and other textile fabrics in
such a way or ways to enable black or coloured designs or matter to be printed
thereon so as to produce durable waterproof show bills and cards posters and tablets
for advertising purposes instead of printing the matter on paper and then sticking
it on canvas as commonly practised which is easily destroyed by wet or
otherwise, fabrics so treated being also applicable for wall decorations and other
purposes.
According to this invention I take strong linen or other suitable material of a
fine texture and coat it over one or more times on one or both sides (preferably the
latter) with an opaque or white solution of xylonite known also as celluloid and
ivoryine or if the material is required to be used for transparencies I employ a
transparent solution of xylonite and when dry I press it through hot rollers in
order to make the surface very smooth and when desired. I print direct the required
design on the material in the usual way as practised for printing on paper and when
the printed matter is quite dry I again press it through hot rollers so as to hot
press or glaze it and this is also necessary whether printed on or not. I finally coat
it with a transparent preparation of xylonite and then place it in a hot chamber to
thoroughly harden it.
Should an opaque film form on the surface I apply a dressing of any suitable
grease or oil (preferably sweet or olive oil) and after removing the superfluous
grease or oil, I apply a very thin coating composed of a mixture of turpentine and
copal or other suitable varnish also to prevent the film from reforming as this
(the film) must be permanently removed or it would obliterate the matter printed
on the surface.
The xylonite used as above being opaque white must be applied before printing
or it would entirely obliterate the design.
In order to produce an embossed material applicable for posters or other pur-
poses I add several extra coats of white xylonite solution on one or both sides
(preferably the latter) of the material so as to form it into a thick substance. I
then print the design thereon and apply the transparent xylonite and treat it as
above described. I then place the thick printed substance in water heated to about
100° F. which softens the material it may then be embossed with a suitable die and
when cool is ready for use.
On account of the xylonite solutions being of such a quick drying nature they
cannot be applied to large surfaces with a sponge or brush as the surface would not
be sufficiently even to print upon, it is therefore necessary to employ special
machinery so as to lay on each successive coating perfectly even.
Dated this 13th day of November 1891.
BROWNE & Co.,
9, Warwick Court, Gray's Inu, W.C.

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Treatment of Paper, Linen, and other Textile
Fabrics applicable to the Manufacture of Show Bills, Show Cards,
Posters, Tablets, Wall Decorations, and other purposes.
I FREDERICK GEORGE ANNISON of 218 Burdett Road, Bow in the County of
London Lithographic Printer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and
in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement :-
The object of this invention is to treat paper linen and other textile fabrics in
such a way or ways to enable black or coloured designs or matter to be printed
thereon so as to produce durable waterproof show bills, posters and tablets for
advertising purposes instead of printing the matter on paper and then sticking
it on canvas as commonly practised which is easily destroyed by wet or
otherwise; fabrics so treated being also applicable for wall decorations and other
purposes.
According to this invention in order to waterproof the material I take strong
linen or other suitable material of a fine texture and impregnate it with an opaque
or white solution of xylonite known also as celluloid and ivoryine or if the material
is required to be used for transparencies I employ in a similar manner a transparent
solution of xylonite and then pass it through a heated chamber to dry and also to
evaporate the alcohol and camphor I then press it between rollers in order to make
the surface very smooth and by these means I am able to print direct the required
design on the material so prepared in the usual way as practised for printing on
paper without the colours being effected. I finally coat it with a suitable varnish.
The xylonite used as above being opaque white must be applied before printing or
it would entirely obliterate the design.
On account of the xylonite solution being of such a quick drying nature large
surfaces cannot be impregnated therewith with a sponge or brush as the surface
would not be sufficiently even, it is, therefore necessary to employ machinery for
this purpose, and in order to enable my invention to be carried into effect I will
proceed to describe the machinery with reference to the accompanying drawings
that will answer well although I do not intend to limit myself to the use of this
machinery as other machinery might be designed to answer the purpose.
Figures 1 and 3 form the side elevation and Figure 2 end elevation of impreg-
nating machine.
The same letters denote the same parts in all the views.
a is a cylinder turning on shaft b.
c is a cog-wheel which may be connected to or disconnected from the cylinder a.
When the cylinder is struck off or disconnected from cog-wheel c. it ceases
to revolve but the cog-wheel still continues to revolve so long as the machine is in
motion.
The object of this arrangement is to keep the two rollers d. and e. in the liquid
celluloid duct f. continually revolving being actuated by the two cog-wheels d'
ande attached to rollers d and e and the cog-wheel c. in order that the liquid shall
be continually agitated, otherwise if left to stand unagitated it will skin over on
its surface owing to its quick drying nature when exposed to the atmosphere. This
agitation is caused by the roller e. during its revolution continually taking the
liquid celluloid from the surface to the underneath. The celluloid is filled into
the duct f. as it is used from the reservoir ¹ regulated according to the quantity
used.
The thumb screws attached to rollers d and e. are for regulating the quantity of
liquid celluloid and the pressure on the fabric passing between the roller d and the
cylinder. There are two screws at each end of each roller for this purpose and the
rollers are thus moved by them in recesses shewn in duct. 9. is a slide on each side of

page_text: machine on which the duct is removed from machine at times when not in use in order
that the rollers may be put away cleaned until required again. The duct is held in
its proper position when in use by pins g¹ which pass through its feet and the slide g.
h. h. are covers to prevent the rollers d. e. from springing up. The top part of
machine will be permanently fixed on to framework at joint i. by means of nuts and
bolts. When short lengths are to be impregnated grippers are attached to the
cylinder a. which open when they arrive to a level of the laying-on board ; when
they immediately close again and grip the fabric carrying it round the cylinder
until it arrives at top when the grippers on the cylinder a. open and release the
fabric at the same instant that the grippers k. open and grip the fabric, the fabric is
then carried along and deposited on to the endless band of canvas 1. by means of
which it is carried through the hot chamber m. but when long lengths are being
impregnated the grippers mentioned on cylinder a. are removed and a plate is put
in the place which they previously occupied so as to make the cylinder continuous.
These grippers though not shewn in the drawings occupy very much the same
width of the cylinder. A long length is rolled on to a core n. it is then passed by
hand between the cylinder a. and roller d. and continued round until it has been taken
sufficiently far on to the endless band or canvas l. so that the latter may be able to
carry the impregnated fabric through the hot chamber afterwards to be received
on to a roller o. The grippers k. are disconnected when the machine is used for long
lengths by means of the thumb screw p³. The machine is driven by a belt which
passes round the pulley o' attached to shaft of driving cog-wheel p. The grippers k.
are worked by an endless chain p¹ with studs on wheels p². The thumb screw pa
will disconnect the cog-wheel q. from the cog-wheel c. by lifting it therefrom. The
spring s. allows the cylinder to rise or fall without vibration when thicker or
thinner material is passed between the cylinder a. and the roller d. and may be
regulated in pressure by the screw t. at top of machine. u. is a bracket for sup-
porting the reservoir of liquid celluloid. Flues v. will be provided for carrying off
vapor of alcohol and camphor which is thrown off from the impregnated fabric
as it passes through the hot chamber m. The rollers w. are for holding up the
endless canvas and to prevent it from coming into contact with the heated pipes.
The endless canvas passes round the rollers and a¹ and receives its motion by
means of the cog-wheels a ³ and c.
The cog-wheel is on shaft of roller x which engages with 3 and this latter
engages with c. y is a fly wheel. The thumb screw p³ disconnects or connects
the cog-wheel p² from or to the cog-wheel c¹. 2 is an arrangement for keeping
taut the endless canvas 1.
I am aware that fabrics have hithertofore been coated with sheets of xylonite and
the like for making playing cards and the like having small surfaces.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what' manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is:-
The improvement in the process of treating fabrics which consists in impregnating
such fabrics with liquid xylonite or celluloid substantially as described.
....
1000
BROWNE & Co.,
9, Warwick Court, W.C., Agents for Applicant.