AN T- Transm CARD DOD CARDIN TITS SUBSTANCES
Year: 1856

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Horsfall, of the City of Manchester, in the
County of Lancaster, Card Manufacturer, for the Invention of "AN
T- Transm CARD DOD CARDIN TITS SUBSTANCES
"
Sealed the 3rd March 1857, and dated the 26th September 1856.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Horsfall at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 26th
September 1856.
I, WILLIAM HORSFALL, of the City of Manchester, in the County of
Lancaster, Card Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "AN IMPROVEMENT OR IMPROVEMENTS IN CARDS FOR CARDING
FIBROUS SUBSTANCES," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in a new combination of materials for the backs or
foundations of cards, namely, india-rubber, woven cotton, linen, or other
suitable mixed fabric, and woven woollen fabric. The india-rubber is made
to adhere to the cotton, linen, or other suitable mixed fabric, and the cotton,
linen, or other suitable mixed fabric is cemented to the woollen fabric, thus
combined forming a new foundation or back for cards.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said William Horsfall in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
24th March 1857.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
HORSFALL, of the City of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Card
Manufacturer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-sixth day of September, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-six, in the twentieth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said William Horsfall, Her especial licence that I, the said William
Horsfall, my executors, administrators and assigns, or such others as I, the said
William Horsfall, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any
time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland,
the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "AN IMPROVE-
MENT OR IMPROVEMENTS IN CARDS FOR CARDING FIBROUS SUBSTANCES," upon the
condition (amongst others) that I, the said William Horsfall, by an instru-
ment in writing under .my hand and seal, should particularly describe and
ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal
Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately. after the
date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said William Horsfall, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement (that is to say):-
My Invention consists in a new combination or in new combinations of
materials for the backs or foundations of cards used in the manufacture of
fibrous substances. The materials combined are a cloth formed of linen warp
and woollen weft, and a thin sheet of caoutchouc; or a cloth formed entirely of
wool, together with a fabric which may be composed wholly of linen, or of
liuen, and cotton, and a thin sheet of caoutchouc. The cloth first named is
already well known to the trade under the designation of "woollen card cloth,"
and is extensively used, covered on one or both sides with a fabric of cotton to
form the back or foundations of cards. Instead of the covering of cotton, my
new combination is formed by cementing to the surface of the said woollen
g

page_text: card cloth a thin sheet of caoutchouc, either in its natural state or in the con-
dition known as sulphured or vulcanized india-rubber, or I obtain the same
result by coating the said woollen card cloth with successive layers of strong
india-rubber solution.
My second combination is formed as follows:-I take a cloth, similar as
respects fineness and thickness to the one before named, but composed wholly
of wool, and to give it the power of resisting the tension to which cards are
subjected on being fixed to the cylinders of the carding engine, I cement to one
side with india-rubber solution or with any other suitable cement a thin fabric,
the warp of which must be linen, but the weft may be cotton or other similar
material. This compound cloth I then treat in the manner before described,
namely, by cementing a thin sheet of caoutchque to one side, or by giving it
successive coatings of strong india-rubber solution. The thickness of the
woollen card cloth will vary according to the description of card required, from
twenty ounces to thirty ounces to the square yard, and the coating or layer of
caoutchouc will likewise vary, but will generally weigh from eight ounces to
twelve ounces to the square yard, and will form the one-tenth to the one fourth
of the total thickness of the cloth when finished.
I have now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my Inven-
tion, and the modes of carrying the same into effect, and would here remark,
that I am aware that the materials for my improved card backs or foundations
have been before used separately, and that they have been partly or wholly
combined together, but not in the peculiar manner herein-before specified; for
instance, sheets of india-rubber have been employed, sheets or layers of india-
rubber and linen cloth, woollen cloth saturated with india-rubber, and also
woollen cloth cemented to linen or cotton fabrics; but it will be observed that
the novel feature of my Invention consists in retaining the distinct and separate
elasticity of the woollen cloth and of the caoutchouc. I therefore claim as my
Invention for the backs or foundations of cards the combinations of materials,
substantially as herein-before specified.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Horsfall, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Twenty-third day of March, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-seven.
WILLIAM HORSFALL. (L.S.)