IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR HEATING AND VENTILATING."
Year: 1880

page_text: LETTERS PATENT. to Oliver Sheppy, of the City of Bath, Tea Dealer and
Proprietor of Turkish Bath, for an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
APPARATUS FOR HEATING AND VENTILATING."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Oliver Sheppy at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 21st June 1880.
OLIVER SHEPPY, of the City of Bath, Tea Dealer and Proprietor of Turkish
Bath. "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR HEATING AND VENTILATING."
This Invention is designed to meet one of the most pressing wants of the age,
viz., the supply of pure air, either heated or cold, to sitting rooms and other
apartments, and the perfect ventilation of apartments without the creation of
unpleasant draughts.
For this purpose I provide a stove of any convenient form, which may be made
of ornamental ironwork and marble or equivalent materials, and inside this stove
or outer casing I place an iron box, preferably lined with enamelled tiles (or in
certain cases it may be a simple coil), for receiving the fresh air to be heated. This
heating of the fresh air, which is drawn from the outside of the house by a suitable
pipe entering the hot air chamber, I effect by one or more "Buusen" burners
placed immediately beneath the chamber, and I provide for its distribution into the
apartment by tubes connecting the upper part of the hot air chamber with the
sides or top of the outer casing, such tubes being furnished with caps or their
equivalent for regulating the emission of hot air into the room.
The back part of the stove or outer casing I fit with a flue for carrying off
the products of combustion, such flue being fitted with a regulating damper, and I
draw the foul air from the top of the apartment near the ceiling by a ventilating
tube suitably arranged, and conduct it to supply the burners with all the air they
require for supporting combustion.
It will thus be seen that pure warm air can be supplied to the apartment in
regulated quantities, and that all the deleterious and foul air will be drawn from
the upper part of the room and passed through the flame of the burners before
being finally carried off by the flue at the back of the stove.
The ventilating tube from the ceiling may be cut or perforated in any part to
facilitate the exit of air from the room at any desired level.

page_text: 1 also propose to provide an opening in the tube which conveys the fresh air into
the heating chamber, such opening being covered with perforated zinc or its
equivalent, and fitted with a lid or cover to be opened or removed at pleasure.
It will then be understood that by opening this lid or cover and closing the
mouths of the tubes for admitting the heated air to the room, a current of cold
fresh air will be drawn in from outside the house, and caused to rise through the
uncovered aperture into the apartment, to supply the place of the foul air which is
forcibly drawn from the top of the room, to support combustion.
It is obvious that the above method of ventilating may be applied to an open
grate by bringing down the foul air from the ceiling to support combustion, as
above explained, whereby less of the pure air of the room will be needed for the
fire, and by using a small hot air chamber (which may be conveniently placed on
the hob, or fixed in the grate itself and connected with the outer air as above
explained) a current of pure cold air will thus be drawn from the outside, and
caused to riso into the apartment to supply the place of the foul air which is forcibly
drawn down the ventilating tube.
In summer time, when no fire is used in the open grate, it will be necessary to
employ a gas jet, or its equivalent, to create the necessary draught down tho
ventilating tube. Thus the above apparatus can be employed in winter and
summer to ventilate simply, or to heat and ventilate at the same timno.
I may remark that I do not confine myself to the use of gas, but may employ
wood, coal, or oil for heating the hot air chamber, and I may say that this chamber
is preferably lined with enamelled tiles for the purpose of preventing the burning
of the pure air before it is passed into the room.
It will be obvious that any desired temperature may be obtained in the
apartment by opening one or more of the hot air emission tubes, and at the same
time uncovering the aperture in the cold fresh air tube.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said Oliver Sheppy in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 21st
December 1880.
OLIVER SHEPPY, of the City of Bath, Tea Dealer and Proprietor of Turkish
Bath. "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR HEATING AND VENTILATING."
The object of this Invention is to provide for the regulated supply of pure air;
either heated or cold, to sitting rooms and other apartments, and to ensure their
perfect ventilation without the creation of unpleasant and injurious draughts,
such an arrangement being also well adapted for greenhouses and stables.
For this purpose I provide a stove of any convenient form, which may be made
of ornamental ironwork and marble or equivalent materials, and inside this stove
or outer casing I place a copper or iron box or hot air chamber (preferably lined
with enamelled tiles), or in certain cases it may be a simple coil of copper or irou,
for receiving the fresh air to be heated. Two or more baffle plates may be fixed in
the said hot air chamber to ensure the more thorough heating of the air.
er
This heating of the fresh air, which is drawn from the outside of the house by a.
suitable pipe entering the hot air chamber, I effect by one or more flat flame or
Bunsen "burners placed immediately beneath the hot air chamber, and I provide for
its equablo distribution into the apartment by tubes connecting the hot air chamber
with the sides, top, or bottom of the outer casing of the stove, such tubes being
furnished with caps, or their equivalent, for regulating the emission of hot air into
the room.
This may however be effected by a disc shaped damper placed within. the fresh
air pipe just outside the stove, such damper serving to regulate or entirely cut off
if desired the supply of air to the hot chamber. Tho back part of the stove or
outer casing I fit with a flue for carrying off the products of combustion, such flue
being fitted with a regulating damper, and I draw the foul air from the apartment
by a ventilating tube suitably arranged, and conduct such foul air to the gas
burners in the stove for the purpose of supplying them with all the air they require
for supporting combustion.
It will thus be seen that pure air will be sucked in to take the place of the
vitiated air which is forcibly drawn from the room, and such pure air may be
supplied to the apartinent in regulated quantities, and will be diffused throughout
the apartment until it is removed by the drawing action of the burners through
the ventilating tube connected with the stove, and passed wholly or in part through
the flame of the burners before being finally carried off by the flue at the back of the
stove. It may not be necessary in all cases to pass the whole of the vitiated air
through the burners, but only so much of it as they require to support combustion,
and in this case a portion of the vitiated air may be led away directly up the flue
at the back of the stove, the remaining portion being first deflected by a baffle
plate towards the gas burners, and then allowed to pass off with the products of
combustion by the said flue.
The ventilating tube, preferably extending upwards to near the ceiling, may be
cut or perforated in any part to facilitate the exit of the vitiated air from the
room at any desired level, and also to ensure the more complete diffusion of the
pure air which supplies its place. I also propose to provide an opening in the tube
which conveys the fresh air into the heating chamber, such opening being covered
with perforated zinc, or its equivalent, and fitted with a sliding lid or cover to bo
opened or removed at pleasure. Such fresh air tube may be also fitted with a
regulating damper as before explained.
It will then be understood that by opening the sliding lid or cover and closing-

page_text: the mouths of the tubes for admitting the heated air to the room, or by shutting the
regulating damper so as to cut off the supply of fresh air to the hot air chamber,
a current of cold fresh air will be drawn in from the outside of the house, and be
caused to rise through the perforated zinc with which the said uncovered
aperture is fitted into the apartment to supply the place of the foul air which
has been forcibly drawn from the room by the action of the gas burners in the
stove.
The general construction and arrangement of this improved apparatus as well as
its action will be clearly understood from the accompanying Drawings, wherein the
same letters of reference indicate corresponding parts.
In Sheet I. I have shown the stove and its connecting pipes in several views,
and in Sheet II. I have shewn the ventilating tube and the general arrangement of
the several parts of the apparatus with respect to the room.
In Sheet L. Fig. 1 is an elevation, the front being removed to show the interior
of the stove; Fig. 2 is a sectional plan view taken on the line x, x, of Fig. 1;
Fig. 3 is a front elevation of a stove shewing the glass door with a glazed recess
beneath it for warming the feet; Fig. 4 is a plan view of the saine with the cover
removed; Fig. 5 is a sectional side elevation of the stove; and Fig. 6 is a sectional
plan view taken on the line 1, 2, of Fig. 5.
A is the outer casing of the stove; B is the hot air chamber lined with fire
brick or tiles and fitted with baffle plates b', 6'; C is the perforated gas tube or
row of burners for heating the hot air chamber. This hot air chamber B commu-
nicates with the room by means of the connecting pipes b, b, b, the mouths of
which pass through the outer casing A, and fresh air from outside the house is
conveyed into this chamber B through the inlet pipe D. The baffle plates b¹, b¹,
Berve to ensure the thorough heating of the air.
c, c, are pipes conveying gas to the main burners or perforated gas tube C, and
also to a small flat flame burner C situate towards the front of the stove, and
serving to cast a warm glow through the red glass with which the front of the
stove may preferably be fitted. This additional burner C₁ also serves to light
the air tight glazed recess E beneath the front part of the stove, which recess may
be fitted on the bottom and sides, if desired, with a corrugated copper lining, or
with glazed tiles, but it must be clearly understood that no air whatever is to be
allowed to enter the stove through such glazed recess, inasmuch as the entire
supply of air for supporting combustion is drawn froin the room through the
ventilating pipe by the action of the burners within the stove.
This ventilating pipe draws the vitiated air to the stove from the apartment
at a point or points as far removed as possible, or as may be convenient, from
the stove itself.
One arrangement of this ventilating tube is shewn clearly in Figures 7 and 8,
Sheet II, its position being mainly determined by the relative position of the door
and window, but it is obvious that its position may be varied to suit the proportions
of different apartments. In these Figures A is the stove; F, the ventilating tube;
G, the window; and H, the door.
The action of the apparatus is as follows:-On the row of gas jets C being
lighted, the fresh air admitted to the chamber B will be heated and pass into the
room to supply the place of the vitiated air which has been forcibly withdrawn
through the ventilating tube F by the action of the burners in the stove, and passes
off with the products of combustion by the flue L. In order to ensure the more
perfect and uniform diffusion of the hot air throughout the apartment, one or more
apertures may be made in the ventilating tube F, such apertures being partially
closed by sliding covers rigidly connected by a rod for by other suitable means.
On moving this rod f' up or down the upper or lower aperture may be caused to
admit the larger volume of air to the pipe F, and thus the withdrawal of the
vitiated air from the room may be regulated to suit the varying conditions of day
and night; the vitiated air during the day being comparatively cold and requiring

page_text: to be removed from a point low down, while at night, when the room is lighted by
a gasalier, the upper part of the room will need the greater ventilation.
As before stated the admission of pure warm air into the apartment may be
regulated by caps covering the ends of the connecting pipes b, b, b, but this result
may be also attained by means of the circular damper situate in the fresh air
supply pipe D just outside the casing A of the stove. On turning this damper on
its spindle by a handle provided for this purpose, the admission of air to the
chamber B can be exactly regulated or entirely prevented.
The above method of heating and ventilating may also be applied to an open
grate by bringing down the foul air from the ceiling and from other parts of the
room to in part support combustion, as above explained, whereby less of the fresh
air of the room will be consumed by the fire..
In this case the ventilating pipe is connected with an enclosed ash pan below the
fire. The vitiated air is thus partly used up in supporting combustion, and partly
drawn off into the chimney by a hole or pipe connecting the said ashpan with the
flue or chimney. A small hot air chamber is conveniently fixed in or at the back
of the grate itself and connected with the outer air and with the interior of the
room by pipes or tubes, as above explained. A current of pure air, either hot or
cold, may thus be drawn from the outside and caused to rise into the apartment
to supply the place of the foul air which has been forcibly withdrawn by the
ventilating tube, as above explained.
In summer time when no fire is used in the open grate it will be necessary to
connect a gas jet or its equivalent to the enclosed ash pan or its equivalent to
create the necessary current through the ventilating pipe and up the chimney or
flue, as mentioned above.
In Figures 1 and 2, Sheet I., I have shown the opening d in the fresh air supply.
pipe D, such opening being there shewn partially uncovered by the withdrawal of
the sliding lid d², which exposes a portion of the perforated zinc through which
the air passes without causing any draught in the apartment.
By sliding open the lid and closing the damper i only cold air will bo
allowed to pass into the room, and by these means any temperaturo may be
steadily maintained.
Thus the above apparatus can be employed in winter and summer to ventilato
simply or to heat and ventilate at the same time.
I may remark that I do not confine myself to the use of gas, but may employ
any suitable heat producing fuel for heating the hot air chamber, and I may say
that this chamber is preferably lined with enamelled tiles for the purpose of
preventing the burning of the pure air before it is passed into the room, but I do
not lay any claim to novelty in such a use of tiles, nor yet to the use of red glass or
corrugated copper for producing a glowing effect, as these are not essential to the
success of my system.
I would further remark that with a view of concentrating the heat of the gas
jets under and around the hot air chamber B, I may, in some cases, employ baffle
plates k, k, such as those shewn in Figures 5 and 6, Sheet I. I may also, when
there is more vitiated air withdrawn from the room than is required to support
combustion, divide the stream of vitiated air as it enters the stove through the
pipe F by means of a plate 1, part of such air passing at once to the flue L and the
rest going first to support combustion, and then passing away with the products of
combustion by the flue L.
Having now set forth the nature of my Invention of "Improvements in Apparatus
for Heating and Ventilating" and explained the manner of carrying the same into
effect, I wish it to be understood that under the above in part recited Letters
Patent I claim,-
The construction and arrangement of apparatus, substantially as herein shewn
and described, whereby the vitiated air may be withdrawn from apartments and

page_text: interiors of buildings and its place supplied by pure air, either warm or cold,
substantially in the manner above explained.
In witness whereof, I, the said Oliver Sheppy, have hereunto set my hand and
seal, the Seventeenth day of December, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and eighty.
OLIVER SHEPPY. (LS.)