IMPROVEMENTS for an Invention of CONSTRUCTION OF PORTABLE GLAZED FRAMES FOR GARDEN AND OTHER PLACES
Year: 1880

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Edward Griffith Brewer, of 33, Chancery Lane, in the
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
County of Middlesex, for an Invention of
CONSTRUCTION OF PORTABLE GLAZED FRAMES FOR GARDEN AND OTHER
PLACES." A communication from abroad by Theophile Ancel Edmond
Carpentier, of Paris, France.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Edward Griffith Brewer at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 10th May 1880.
EDWARD GRIFFITH BREWER, of 33, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF PORTABLE GLAZED FRAMES FOR GARDEN
AND OTHER PLACES." (A communication from abroad by Theophile Ancel
Edmond Carpentier, of Paris, France.)
Hitherto it has been customary in order to force fruits, vegetables, or flowers to
employ in agriculture and horticulture apparatus comprised of a frame of wood or
metal, on which a glass frame made of wood or metal is placed, which closes the
top. This Invention refers to cultivation between that carried on in a hot house
and that in the open air, that is to say, that in hot houses artificial heat is employed,
and under these frames the seeds or plants to be raised are protected up to a
certain point from the influence of the exterior temperature.
As before stated the apparatus used up to the present time consist of a wood
or metal frame covered with glass. This frame is generally of such a height that
if it is placed directly on the ground the plants will be deprived of the light or
sun up to the height of the wood or metal frame; moreover the whole of the
frame is generally heavy; they are cumbersome and difficult to move about, and to
pack up or store away.
"
According to this Invention instead of making a solid frame and a glazed frame
independent of one another, the top part or roof and two ends are made entirely
exposed to the light; only the necessary cross pieces are used for consolidation in
such manner that the sun and light will act on the seeds or plants not only by
the top but also by the sides to the level of the soil.
According to one arrangement the frame is made with a flat roof provided with
cross pieces bent over at the corners, meeting other cross pieces going in tho

page_text: contrary direction, thereby forming a partitioned frame on the top and extremities.
Spaces are thus formed to receive the glass, which are held in the rabbets there
provided for that purpose. The lower cross bar is composed simply of an L shape
cross bar, and where bent or at the angles of a double Ĺ section. The longitudinal
sides are completely open to the atmosphere, and to close them glazed frames are
used or movable doors, which are made on the same principle as the frames proper.
They fit into the side frames, and in this manner a rectangular space is obtained,
glazed on five of its faces and exposed on five sides to the action of the sun and
light, on the top and on all the sides.
The shapes of the frames may be varied, and several of them may be placed
side by side. The spaces for the glass should be made to correspond in size with
that of the size of ordinary glass to be purchased to avoid the necessity of much
cutting. When several are placed side by side only two end pieces or sets of end
pieces are required. The several frames may be united by pins passing through
holes formed in the frames, either by screws, hooks, or other suitable appliances.
These frames may be made of wood or iron screwed, rivetted, forged, or soldered.
The frames may be made of cast iron or other metal painted, varnished, or vitrified,
or of wood united as pieces of furniture are sometimes now by bending or otherwise;
they may also be made of pottery. Handles may be fitted to the frames for
carrying same from place to place.

page_text: "
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Edward Griffith Brewer in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 10th
November 1880.
EDWARD GRIFFITH BREWER, of 33, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF PORTABLE GLAZED FRAMES FOR GARDEN
AND OTHER PLACES." (A communication from abroad by Theophile Ancel
Edmond Carpentier, of Paris, France.)
Hitherto it has been customary in order to force fruits, vegetables, or flowers to
employ in agriculture and horticulture apparatus comprised of a frame of wood or
metal, on which a glass frame made of wood or metal is placed, which closes the
top. This Invention refers to cultivation between that carried on in a hot house
and that in the open air, that is to say, that in hot houses artificial heat is employed,
and under these frames the seeds or plants to be raised are protected up to a certain
point from the influence of the exterior temperature.
As before stated the apparatus used up to the present time consists of a wood
or metal frame covered with glass. This frame is generally of such a height that
if it is placed directly on the ground the plants will be deprived of the light or
sun up to the height of the wood or metal frame; moreover the whole of the
frame is generally heavy; they are cumbersome and difficult to move about, and
to pack up or store away.
According to this Invention instead of making a solid frame and a glazed frame
independent of one another, the top part or roof and the two ends are made entirely
exposed to the light; only the necessary cross pieces are used for consolidation in.
such manner that the sun and light will act on the seeds or plants not only by
the top but also by the sides to the level of the soil. In order that the Invention.
may be more clearly understood reference will now be made to the accompanying
Sheet of Drawings. Figure 1 is a side elevation, Figure 2 an end view, and
Figure 3 a plan of one arrangement of frame constructed according to this Invention.
Here the frame is made with a flat roof provided with cross pieces a bent over at
the corners a¹, meeting other cross pieces b going in a transverse direction, thereby
forming a partitioned frame on the top and extremities. The spaces c between the
framing of glazing bars receive the glass, which are secured in any well known
manner, see the detail of the cross pieces drawn to an enlarged scale at
Figures 4 & 5.
At Figure 4 the shape of an arm cross piece is shown, and at Figure 5 the form
of a cross piece at the place where the cross pieces a are double bent, or at the
angles of a double | section.
It will be here seen that the longitudinal sides d are completely open to the
atinosphere, and to close them detachable glazed frames e are used or movable
pieces, Figure 6, which are made on the same principle as the frames proper. They
fit into the side frames d, and in this manner a rectangular space is obtained
glazed on five of its faces, the sixth or rather the underside being closed by the
soil or earth, so that five sides are thus exposed to the action of the sun and
light.
At Figures 7, 8, and 9 an example is given of a portable glazed frame constructed
according to this Invention with a gable roof. Here the same letters indicate
the same or similar parts as in the previous Figures. The form is only changed,
and the object of this second illustration is to show that the form or shape may
be varied without departing from the essential features of the Invention.
No particular sizes are here given, only the spaces c should, if possible, be made to
correspond in size with that of the size of ordinary glass of commerce, and thereby
to avoid cutting, which necessitates labor and loss, and in some cases great
inconvenience.

page_text: Without limiting the size of the frames an approximate suitable size may be
stated, as the length being double the breadth; but according to the space to be
covered it may be sometimes necessary and convenient to couple together several
frames. In this case certain frames should be provided with different grooves,
that is, there should be certain frames, the grooves of which should be opposite to
the others, so as to form as it were a collection together, see the example shown
at Figure 12, in such manner that a number of frames, Figures 1, 2, and 3, may
be placed beside one another, according to the extent of surface to be covered, and
it is not always necessary even in this case that the two frames, Figure € or
Figure 9, be used to form the ends. As to the method of joining the frames to
one another that is a question of detail which it is not necessary to discuss, as
the junction may be effected either by spindles passing into holes formed in the
frame either by screw or otherwise.
Figure 10 shews an example of several frames with a flat roof slanting at the
eaves, and Figure 11 an example of several frames with a gable roof coupled
together. To shew the divisions more clearly the cross pieces are shown in dotted
lines.
The frame in all cases is preferably provided with handles h, as are also the
sides e, so that they may easily be removed and replaced bodily, which is easily
done by reason of their light but strong construction, so that there is nothing to
get out of order, such as hinges or the warping of sliding frame covers, besides the
occasional inconvenience in not being able to get at the plants by reason of the
permanent base or the opening of the usual glass frame, all of which are overcome
by this Invention. The several frames may be united by pins passing through
holes formed in the frames either by screws, books, or other suitable appliances.
These frames may be made of wood or iron screwed, rivetted, forged, or soldered.
These frames may be made of cast iron or other metal painted, varnished, or
vitrified, or of wood united as pieces of furniture are sometimes now by bending
or otherwise; they may also be made of pottery. Handles h may be fitted to the
frames for carrying same from place to place, rendering them very portable. The
sides being removable the temperature of the enclosure may be altered as may be
required without removing the frame proper.
Having now described the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner
the same is to be performed, I declare that I claim,-
The construction of portable glazed frames for garden and other purposes
comprised of partitioned frames, so as to form openings for the glazing, the said
frames forming in a single piece the top and ends, leaving the longitudinal faces
or sides completely open and to be closed if required, all arranged and combined
substantially as hereinbefore described and illustrated in the accompanying
Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said Edward Griffith Brewer, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Tenth day of November, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and eighty.
E. G. BREWER. (L.S.)