Improvements in and connected with Electric Motors and Transformers.
Year: 1896

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and connected with Electric Motors and
Transformers.
I WILLIAM HENRY COOLEY Engineer of No. 8 High Street Brockport in the
County of Monroe and State of New York United States of America do hereby
declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
My invention relates to certain improvements in electric machines and in the
method of operating same.
One of the principal objects of my invention is the construction of an alternating
current electric motor, that shall have a strong tendency towards synchronism, and
at the same time have an increased starting torque, and a more uniform torque at
different speeds below synchronism.
In describing my invention in the following specification, I shall frequently
make use of the term, element, meaning thereby an armature or field, and when I
speak of two elements as being located in operative relation, I mean that the
relation existing between them is that existing between an armature and field.
My invention applies equally well to all alternating currents, whether single or
multi-phase, although in some of the drawings I have shown it in that modification
more especially adapted to use with bi-phase alternating currents.
This first modification of my invention consists essentially in two elements,
bearing the relation to each other of armature and field. Between these elements,
by means of alternating currents supplied to the windings on one or both of them,
there is established and maintained a relative synchronous rotation, and for this
purpose, one or both of these elements may be revolvable. By means of such
synchronous rotation, the alternating currents are rectified by passing through
devices carried by each of such elements and co-operating together. These
currents, when so rectified, are caused to traverse the windings on a third element
bearing the relation of armature or field to one of such first named elements, in
such a manner as to maintain a constant relation between the poles thus produced
in such third element and those produced by such alternating currents in that
one of such first named elements, bearing the relation of armature or field
thereto.
Where both of such first named elements are revolvable, the third element may
be fixed or stationary; but when one of such first named elements is stationary,
then the third element should be revolvable. Two of such three elements should
always be revolvable.
The relative synchronism between such first two elements may consist in the
rotation of only one of such elements, or both may rotate in opposite directions at
One of such
any speed whatever, resulting in such relative synchronous rotation.
first named elements is caused to carry only rectifying and commutating devices or
mechanism, co-operating with others on or carried by the other one of such first
named elements, but no other load; hence the relative synchronous rotation
between such first two elements may be almost immediately established on starting
the motor, and easily maintained. In the case illustrated by the drawings
representing this first modification of my invention, both of the first two elements
are revolvable.

page_text: Another and second modification of my invention consists in its use as a single
phase lag motor. In this modification there are two elements bearing the relation
to each other of field and armature, of substantially the usual construction, in
combination with a third element, which may consist of either an armature or field,
located in operative relation to one of such first named elements. Between this
third element and that one of the other elements located in operative relation
thereto, by means of alternating currents traversing the windings on one or both of
them, there is at once established and maintained a relative synchronous rotation.
This relative synchronous rotation may consist entirely in the rotation of the
third element, in which case such third element will be located in operative
relation to the fixed one of the other two elements, or such third element may be
located in operative relation to the rotatable one of the other two elements, and in
this case, such synchronous rotation will consist, at the start, in the rotation of the
third element, which will gradually come to a state of rest as the other element
located in operative relation thereto starts up and gradually approaches synchronous
.rotation.
By means of this relative synchronous rotation between the third element and the
other one located in operative relation thereto, by means of devices located on aud
carried by each of such elements co-operating together, such alternating currents
are caused to produce in the windings on one of such first named elements a
rotatively progressing field or fields, progressing at all times and under all
circumstances a certain fixed angle for each alternation of such alternating
current, when such motor is to be used as a synchronous motor or as a lag
motor.
A third modification is noticed when, at the same time and by means of devices
similarly carried operating and co-operating, I cause such alternating currents to
be rectified, when they may be supplied to the field and armature constituting the
first two elements in substantially the usual manner customary in direct current
machinery or in the manner described in reference to the first above mentioned
modification of my invention. In the modifications of iny present invention, herein
shown and described, I have represented the third element as located in operative
relation to the rotating one of the other two elements, but obviously, without
departing from the spirit of my invention, many changes and modifications
may be made therein, adapting it to different styles of construction and to
different uses.
Still another and fourth modification of my invention consists in its use as a
motor-transformer in which the motor element shall predominate sufficiently for
power purposes, and in which the speed of such motor also shall be automatically
regulated within the limits of normal load. This modification of my invention is
applicable equally to the transformation and utilization of either alternating or
direct currents, although in the case shown in the drawings, illustrating this
modification, apparatus is shown in diagram, as will be explained, with a system of
connections especially adapted to use with alternating currents, but a slight
modification of the internal connections, as will also be explained, adapts the
machine to the transformation and utilization of direct currents.
In carrying out this modification also of my invention, I make use of three
elements; between one of such elements and either of the others there exists the
relation of armature and field. Such middle element, or rather, the one located in
operative relation to the other two, may be mechanically one element.
It may
even be one element magnetically, but in this case its magnetic mass should be of
such an extent as to be capable of carrying, without confusion between them, the
lines of force for two separate and distinct systems of windings, that is, when each
side of the middle element, located in operative relation to a different element, has
a separate winding thereon. I have made use of drum windings in the drawings to
avoid confusion in the connections, which would follow in illustrating the case with
ring windings, that is, in those figs. of the drawing illustrating the application of
my invention to single-phase alternating currents, although, however, obviously,

page_text: without departing from the spirit of my invention, as will be understood, ring
windings may be used. Such ring windings I have shown in those figures of
drawing illustrating this modification of my invention especially adapted to double
phase alternating currents.
Between two of these elements bearing to each other the relation of armature
and field, by means of electric currents, either alternating or direct, supplied to the
windings on one or both of them, there is established and maintained a relative
rotation. By means of this relative rotation, there are induced or generated in a
separate and distinct winding on one of such elements, electric currents, such
currents being of course, commutated in and by the well known manner and means
common to direct current generators.
Such direct currents may then be supplied to the windings on a third element or
to a separate winding on one of such first named elements, either one singly or to
the windings on a third element and also to a separate windling on one of such first
named elements both together, either in parallel' or series. Such third element, of
course it will be understood, is always located in operative relation to the last named
separate or distinct winding on one of such first named elements.
In other words, this fourth modification of my invention consists in a rotary
transformer, preferably delivering direct currents, in combination, with a third
element, between which and one of the elements of such transformer there is set
up and maintained a relative rotation.
These elements I prefer, in this last modification, to combine together in a
manner substantially as follows, that is, I prefer to construct the rotary transformer
with both elements revolvable, one of such elements constituting mechanically, or
at least mechanically united to, the rotating element of the motor proper, this las
named element, being, of course, the load carrying element of the motor proper, or
in common terms the armature. This armature in such an arrangement will, of
course, be located in operative relation upon one side to a fixed element, commonly
a field, and upon the other side it is located in operative relation to a rotatable
clement, which may also be considered as a field. It is desirable that the torque
effort exerted upon the middle or intermediate element by both the other elements
on either side thereof shall be in the same direction; the result of this is that, as
the middle element carries a load, the other rotatable element constituting the
rotary transformer, at first revolves, and, when alternating currents are used it
comes to synchronism; at this time the transformer delivers an induced direct
current which is supplied to the third element and to the motor winding on the
middle element, causing the same to rotate in a direction opposite to that of
the rotation at first set up in the other rotary transformer element, located in
operative relation thereto. But as this intermediate element gains in speed, the
other transformer element slackens in speed until it comes to a full stop.
Broadly stated then, woy invention consists in the employment of two elements,
between which, by means of alternating currents supplied to the windings on one
or both of them, there is established and maintained a relative synchronous rotation;
by means of this relative synchronous rotation and through current directors
controlled thereby, I cause to be supplied to windings on a third element, located in
operative relation either to one of such first named elements or to a magnetically
distinct winding mechanically carried by one of such first named elements, such
alternating currents, either directly and as alternating currents or after having
been rectilied by means of devices, controlled in their operation by such relative
synchronous rotation. In the same manner I may cause such alternating currents,
either directly and as alternating currents or alter having been rectified, in the
manner and ly the means just above described, to be supplied to a magnetically
distinct winding mechanically carried by one of such first named elements or
to a winding directly on one of such first named elements and located in operative
relation to such third element.
Or, again, I may cause to be supplied to the windings on such third element and
to either a winding on one of such first uamed elements or a magnetically distinct

page_text: winding mechanically carried by one of such first named elements, a direct current
from a generative winding, mechanically carried by one of such first named elements
and continuously revolved by such relative synchronous rotation in the magnetic
field or fields carried by the other one of such first named elements. When I make
use of a direct current, generated in the manner just above described, then I may
supply such direct currents to the winding on such third clement or to that winding
located in operative relation thereto, by means of current directors, carried by such
one of the first named elements as will cause in such winding, so supplied, magnetic
poles bearing the desired relation to the other element located in operative relation
thereto.
For the purpose of my invention it matters not how such above named relative
synchronous rotation be established and maintained, the only essential being that
during the time such motor is operated, such synchronous relation and relative
synchronous rotation be at all times, daring the operation of my motor and while
the same is supplied with such alternating currents, maintained by means of such
alternating currents supplied to windings on one or both of such first named
elements, or to windings mechanically carried by one or both of such first named
elements and located in operative relation to each other.
The accompanying drawings illustrating my invention are as follows;
Figure 1 is a vertical longitudiual section taken through the center of the
machine.
Fig. 2 shows to the right of the central vertical line an end view, and to the left
a vertical transverse section taken through the center of the field and armature,
say along the line 50-51 on Fig. 1.
Fig. 3 shows in end view one of the equal balves of the switching lever g.
Fig. 4 shows in vertical transverse section, a portion of the commutator O.
Fig. 5 shows in diagram the field windings and the external armature windings
and their connections.
Fig. 6 shows in diagram the connections between commutator segments 1
and 2.
Fig. 7 shows in a diagram view similar to Fig. 5 the internal armature windings
and their connections, and
Fig. 8 shows in vertical transverse section, sleeve H of Fig. 1, showing also the
manner of carrying the eight conductors y therethrough.
Fig. 9 shows in diagram all the connections throughout the entire machine, all
of the commutator segments being shown outside of the windings to which they
are connected.
That modification of my invention adapted to use as a motor transformer with
single phase alternating currents and in which the motor element shall predominate
sufficiently for power purposes is illustrated in Figures 10 and 11, only diagram-
matically and stripped as far as possible of all mechanical details in order more
clearly to show the electrical connections and the electrical and magnetic
relations.
Figure 10 is a partial vertical longitudinal section of my machine taken along
the central line of the shaft thereof. Fig. 10 also shows, partially in diagram, the
electric connections made in my machine when used with single phase alternating
currents. A full diagram of the connections made throughout my machine, when
used with single phase alternating currents, is shown in Fig. 11.
Figs. 12 to 23 inclusive show that modification of my motor adapted to use with
bi-phase alternating currents taken as an example of any system of multi-phase
alternating currents, bi-phase currents being selected on account of the resulting
simplification in the drawings illustrating the same.
Such figures are as follows-
Figure 12 is a vertical longitudinal section through the center of the machine.
Fig. 13 shows to the right of the central vertical line an end view, and to the
left of such line a vertical transverse section, taken through the center of one of
the equal fields and armatures, say along line 50-51 of Fig. 12.

page_text: Fig. 14 shows the central portion 39 of the rectifying commutator and its
connection with the collector ring 44.
Fig. 15 shows one of the end or outside portions 33 of the rectifying commutator
and its connection with the collector ring 42 and also the connection between such
ring and the windings n on the field B, while
Fig. 16 shows the other outside or end portion 40 of the rectifying commut it or
and its connection with the collector ring 46 and also the connection between sach
collector ring and the windings n on the ether field B.
Fig. 17 shows, in side view, the parts of such rectifying commutator assemble,
but before having the teeth or cogs milled out on it.
Fig. 18 shows in plan view, one of the bearing plates M.
Fig. 19 shows in end view, commutator K and also in diagram the connections
made between the brushes 5, bearing on commutator K, and the rectifying device
carried by interior shaft I.
Fig. 20 shows in vertical section one of the small rectifying gear, as will be
explained, while Fig. 21 shows in interior side view one of the equal halves of one
of such gear.
Fig. 22 shows in diagram all the connections made throughout the entire machine
with all the rectifying and commutating parts, therein shown, represented as being
carried one fourth of a revolution over to the left from the position in which they
are shown in Fig. 19.
Fig. 23 shows devices for preventing the motor from racing by means of a clutch
acting on a pulley carried by the shaft I, as will be explained.
Figs. 24 and 25 show that modification of my invention adapted to use as a
motor transformer with bi-phase alternating currents taken as an example of any
system of inulti-phase alternating currents, bi-phase alternating currents being
selected on account of the resulting simplification in the drawings illustrating the
same. Fig. 24 shows in a view similar to Fig. 10, that modification of my machine
adapted to bi-phase, alternating currents, while Fig. 25 shows in diagram the
connections made in my machine for such bi-phase alternating currents.
Similar letters refer to similar parts throughout the several views.
As in alternating current machinery in general, 1 construct my fields and
armatures of laminations.
Referring to Figs. 1 to 9 inclusive of the drawings, A constitutes the external
annular field ring wound with insulated wire in a closed coil j, and supported by
means of bolts a between the end plates D and E, circular in form and having feet
on their lower ends, and forming at their centers respectively bearings for the
sleeves G and H. Between the dises formed on the inuer ends of these sleeves G
and H is supported the annular armature B by means of the bolts b. The internal
field C, in this case of the Siemens armature type, is supported and secured upon
the hollow shaft I, having a bearing at its left hand end in the three armed plate J,
supported by studs L from end plate D. This shaft I is supported at its right
hand end in a bearing in a similar plate U supported by studs N from the end
plate E. Shaft I carries near its right hand end the metallic hub S, upon which
are located the four insulated collector rings 13, 14, 15 and 16. Rings 15 and 16
are connected by wires through the hollow shaft 1 to the winding c upon the
field C. Hub S also carries upon arms formed thereon, as shown, the trailing
brushes 3, 4 and 5, there being four of each of such brushes located in opposite
pairs ninety degrees apart, only two of them being seen in Fig. 1. On these
collector rings 13, 14, 15 and 16, bear springs respectively 7, 8, 9 and 11. Sleeve G
carries the pulley P, while sleeve H, as seen in Figs. 1 and 8, has passing there-
through the eight conductors y, all insulated from each other and contained within
the space between two insulating tubes. For this purpose two concentric tubes of
micanite, fiber or vulcanite may be used, and in the space between them the cou-
ductors may be insulated from each other by strips of micanite, hard fiber or
vulcanite, forming separating partitions between the conductors y.

page_text: The eight conductors y are carried up inside of the disc formed on sleeve H and
across the inner periphery of the element B and forming thus a portion of the
winding thereon, and terminate in copper tubes o, entering and supported in
openings therefor near the outer edge of the disc formed on the sleeve G, which
also carries the commutator 0 of substantially the usual construction, as shown,
having in this case thirty-two segments carried upon the body m. Referring to
Figs. 1 and 4, at eight equi-distant points throughout this commutator 0 there are
bored longitudinally therethrough holes large enough to admit the copper rods i
within suitable insulating tubes, inside of which they are capable of free
longitudinal movement. These rods enter at their right hand ends the copper tubes o
and are enlarged at their left hand ends carrying thereon the copper springs t,
while these enlarged ends of the rods i are rigidly secured to the fiber ring r, and
on the left hand face of this fiber ring r is seen a brass disc s engaging a gib piece k
secured on either half of the switch lever g, as indicated in Fig. 3, whereby, when
such switch lever g is moved to the right to the position indicated in dotted lines in
Fig. an electrical connection is established between eight of the commutator
segments 0 and the corresponding conductors y, passing through sleeve H. This
sleeve H also carries a hub R, of any suitable insulating material, upon which are
secured the commutating rings 1 and 2 cach composed of eight exactly similar and
insulated segments. These commutating rings 1 and 2 are arranged respectively
under trailing brushes 3 and 4 bearing thereon. Bearing upon the commutator 0
are the four insulated brushes, located ninety degrees apart, carried by the ring e,
adjustably secured within ring F, supported in turn by bolts a and against shoulders
formed thereon. Two of these brushes fonly are seen in Fig. 1 and all of them
are indicated in dotted lines in Fig. 5. They are also indicated in diagram in
Fig. 9.
This armature B carries upon its outer periphery the conductors n arranged and
connected together, as indicated in Fig. 5, in a symmetrical drum winding for four
poles, there being sixty-four of these conductors n, there are thirty two commutaturs
segments 0 to which they are connected at regular intervals.
It will be noticed that in the winding n, on the armature B, that is the end shown
in the drawing, being that end towards the observer, two of the conductors n are
connected together subtending an arc of one less than pitch. Connections at the
other end of the armature should be made between conductors subtending an arc
of one more than pitch, in order to secure the system of winding just above
mentioned.
The eight conductors y which terminate in the copper tubes o make connection
at their other ends with the eight commutator segments 2 in the manner following,
that is to say, every other one of such conductors y is connected to the commutator
segment 2 next in advance of itself and every intermediate one to a commutator
segment 2 next in the rear of itself, going in either direction, the result of this
is that, when switch lever g is moved to the right, an electrical connection is
established between every other one of such commutator segments 2 and the
commutator segment 0, forty-five degrees in advance thereof, and between every.
intermediate commutator segment 2 and the commutator segment 0, forty-five
degrees to the rear thereof, going in either direction. The eight conductors y, just
mentioned, and the rods i, are indicated in Fig. 9 in diagram as connected together
into a continuous conductor and connecting the commutator segments 2 with eight
of the commutator segments 0, in the manner just described.
The result of this is that when the trailing brushes 4 are revolved relatively to
the commutator segments 2 at such a speed as to pass over one of these segments 2
at each alternation of the current supplied to the machine, there will be set up in
the conductors na polar progression advancing forty five degrees for each alternation
of such current.
This will be more fully understood by reference to Fig. 5 where the four brushes 4
are shown in diagram inside of the segments 2, and in Fig. 9 also, where the brushes 3
are shown outside of the segments 1. It will be readily understood that starting

page_text: with brushes 4 in any position, say that shown in the drawings, where vertically
positioned ones may be considered as positive and those at right angles thereto, as
negative, these brushes change their signs as they advance one segment in either
direction. For instance, suppose them to move in the direction indicated by the
arrow, it will be readily seen that to advance them one segment and change their
signs, will produce the same result as to move them backwards one segment and
keep their signs the same; and that to do either one, by reason of connections
already described, produces a polar advancement or progression in the direction of
the interior arrow in Fig. 5 and of the exterior one in the upper right hand portion of
Fig. 9, of just forty-five degrees in the conductors n; the result of this is, when
field A is wound with a closed coil without an external connection, to produce a
rotation of the armature B, carrying the conductors n in the direction indicated by
the external arrow in Fig. 5 and of the interior arrow seen in the upper right hand
portion of Fig. 9. This rotation of the armature B is caused in the same manner
as in lag motors, because at this time, as will be understood, this armature B has
four poles produced therein rotatively progressing around such armature B. Such
rotatively progressing magnetic poles acting inductively upon the field A, in the
well known manner in lag motors, produce a rotation of the armature B in a
direction opposite to that of the rotation of the magnetic poles above described in
the element B.
It will be readily understood that when such last mentioned rotation, that is, the
mechanical rotation of armature B, reaches synchronism, the trailing brushes 4
may remain stationary and still produce this polar progression, just described, in
the conductors n.
I will now explain the method of revolving these brushes 3 and 4 at the starting
up of the machine or motor.
The armature B carries on its inner periphery conductors v, arranged and
connected together as shown in diagram in Figs. 7 and 9, to produce a symmetrical,
four pole, four path, drum winding, connected at eight equi-distant points with eight
commutator segments 2, every other connection being made between a segment 2
and a conductor v forty-five degrees in advance of itself, and every intermediate
connection between a segment 2 and a conductor v forty-five degrees to the rear of
itself.
The result of this, when the brushes 4 carrying alternating currents, as mentioned,
are advanced one segment at each alternation in such currents, is to produce a
polar progression, as already explained in reference to Fig. 5, the same as though
the conductors were regularly.connected with segments 2 and the brushes 4
supplied direct currents.
Referring to Figs. 1 and 9, two opposite ones of the brushes 4 are connected
to collector ring 13, while the other two are connected to collector ring 14.
Wires 31 and 32 convey the alternating currents to the machine, being the main
feeder wires, hence brushes 4 carry these main currents. Two of brushes 4 are
connected with collector ring 13 and the other two, not seen in Fig. 1, are
connected with collector ring 14, hence, brushes 4 carry the main alternating
currents, opposite ones of brushes 4 always being of the same sign and adjacent
ones of the opposite sign. Two opposite ones of brushes 3 are connected with
collector ring 16 and the other two with collector ring 15. Refer now to Figs. 6
and 9. Commutator segments 2 and 1 are connected together as shown, every
other one of segments 1 to a segment 2, forty-five degrees in advance of itself an
every intermediate segment 1 to a segment 2 forty-five degrees to the rear of
itself. The result of this is that when brushes 4, carrying alternating currents,
advance one segment for each alternation in such current, brushes 3 take off
intermittent direct currents, which may be collected by wires connected with
springs 9 and 11 bearings on contact rings 15 and 16 connected to brushes 3 in
the manner shown and described.
Spring 9 is connected by wire 29 with switches 20, 21 and 22, as seen in Figs. 1, 5
and 9. Switch 20, as seen, is in contact with point 24, from which a common

page_text: connection is made as indicated by wire 17 with the winding on the element A at
two opposite points, namely, the extreme upper and lower points in such winding.
From the two opposite points ninety degrees therefrom wire 30 is connected leading
to spring 11 on contact ring 16. Switch 21 is on point 26 connected by wire 18
with the upper and lower ones of brushes f bearing ou commutator 0. From the
two other brushes located at right angles therewith, as seen, connection is made
by wire 30 with spring 11 bearing on the contact ring 16. Hence when switches 20
and 21 occupy the positions shown in the drawings in the full lines, we have
rectified currents taken off by means of springs 9 and 11 and caused to pass, by
means of the connections already just describel, through the windings a on the
outer periphery of the element B in four paths and through the field winding on
the element A in parallel therewith and also in four paths and constituting a four
pole, four path, shunt wound motor.
The operation of the machine, as thus far described, is as follows-
Single phase alternating currents are supplied to the machine by wires 31
and 32 and carried by trailing brushes 4 to the commutator segments 2
These
commutator segments 2, eight in number, are connected by the eight conductorsry,
carried through sleeve H to the winding on the inner periphery of the armature B.
The winding c on the interior field C is placed in derivation with the winding v by
means of the connections, shown and already described, between the commutator
segments 1 and 2 and brushes 3 and the collector rings 15 and 16, and between
such collector rings and the winding c. These alterating currents thus supplied
through the wires 31 and 32 produce a rotation of the interior field C, shaft and
all the collector rings and trailing brushes carried thereby.
The single phase alternating currents supplied, in the manner just described, to
the windings on the inner periphery of the armature B and also to the windings e
on the element C, develope rapidly alternating poles in the element C and also on
the inner periphery of the element B. These poles, although rapidly alternating,
are, by reason of the connections just described, such as to produce a constant
torque between the elements B and C. But as the element Ċ carries no load,
a rapidly increasing rotation is set up therein, until sach rate of rotation reaches
a point when the brushes 4 are caused to advance over one segment of the
commutator 2 for each alternation of the current. At this time, however, by
reason of the connections already shown and described between the commutator
segments 2 and the windings e on the inner periphery of the element B, the action
of the alternating currents, it will be readily understood, is exactly the same as
would be the case if direct currents were used and the connections, between the
commutator segments 2 and the winding were all made as in direct current
machinery, i.e. each commutator segment 2 connected to a corresponding point in
the windings v.
But when this rate of rotation, which really constitutes synchronism between the
elements B and C, has once been reached, the windings being supplied in effect
by direct currents, and also the winding e on the element C at this time supplied
with rectified currents, by reason of the connections already shown and described
between segments 2 and 1, the maximum torque between elements B and C is
produced. This condition results in a rigid maintenance of this relative synchronous
rotation between the elements B and C in the manner already well known and
understood in synchronous motors. It will be readily understood, of course, that
this synchronism between the elements 13 and C consists in a relative rotation
between them, in opposite directions. Such relative synchronism may consist in
the rotation of either one of such elements at a speed constituting synchronism, or
they may both rotate in opposite directions, each at such a rate that the combined
rate of rotation of both of them shall constitute relative synchronous rotation
between them.
At all times during this relative synchronous rotation between the elements B
and C there may be taken off from the brushes 3, bearing on the commutator
Begments 1, rectified currents, These rectified or direct currents, by reason of the

page_text: connections already described, may be taken off from springs 9 and 11, bearing
respectively on rings 15 and 16, or from such rings directly, as by means of wires
shown leading to the winding c on the element C. Hence, the interior field C is,
at this time, supplied with such direct currents, rigidly maintaining relative
synchronism between the elements B and C. At this time, however, as indicated
in Fig. 1 and in diagram in Figs. 5 and 9, the winding ; on the field A and the
conductors n on the external periphery of the armature B, may be supplied with
direct currents in substantially the usual manner and by means of the connections
already described. In this case the switches 20 and 21 are caused to occupy the
positions indicated in Figs. 5 and 9, and for this purpose connections are made,
such as indicated, and already described, by wires 17, 18 and 30, furnishing four
circuits in parallel through the field A and armature B. The action in the case
just described, that is between the elements A and B, is the same as in direct
current machinery.
It will be readily understood that at all times, while a relative synchronous
rotation is maintained between the elements B and C, there is caused, or set up, in
the conductors n and the external periphery of the element B, with lever g moved
to its right hand position and switches 20 and 21 moved to their left hand positions.
indicated in dotted lines, rotatively progressing poles four in number each
advancing forty five degrees for every alternation of the current supplied to the
machine. These rotatively progressing poles advance forty five degrees, for each
alternation of the current supplied to the machine, at all times during this.
relative synchronous rotation between the elements B and C, whether such relative
synchronous rotation consists in the rotation of the element C only or in the
rotation of the element B only or in the rotation of both of them together in
opposite directions. This polar progression in the element B induces corresponding
poles in the element A, which lagging behind their producing cause, create a
torque between the elements A and B and thereby cause the element B to rotate
in a direction opposite to that of the polar progression just described in the
winding n and the outer periphery of the element B. Then the motor becomes
self starting and of the lag type and remains such for all speeds of the armature B,
because whatever its rate of rotation, the element C is maintained in relative
synchronism therewith and thus produces the uniform polar progression, just
described, in the element B.
This rotation of the element B, just described, increases in speed, unless the
element B is overloaded; and when synchronous rotation of this element B has
been attained, then there may be supplied to the winding; on the field A rectified
currents taken off from the springs 9 and 11 in the manner indicated in Figs. 5
and 9, producing four poles. For this purpose switch 20 should occupy the position
in full lines on point 24 as shown in the figures.
Thus it will be readily understood that before my motor starts its load, it may
have the full benefit of the torque produced by using rectified currents in both
field and armature, except when used as a lag motor, as just described.
When the motor is to be used as a synchronous motor; after relative synchronism
has been reached between elements B and C, then rectified currents are supplied
to the windings j on the element A and to the windings n on the element B,
through the commutator O and the brushes f, in the manner already described,
causing the element B to revolve as in direct current motors. When this rotation
of the element B reaches synchronism, then the switch g may be moved to the
right, as indicated in dotted lines in Fig. 1, the switch 20 occupying the position
shown in full lines and the switch 21 moved to the position shown in dotted lines in
Figs. 5 and 9, thus changing the motor to a synchronous motor operating by
reason of the polar progression produced in the conductors on the outer periphery
of the element B, and the rectified current supplied to the field winding j.
In place of the commutator O, the brushes and the connections made with such
brushes, already described, and the connections already described to the windings j

page_text: ment A, may make use of the following devices, arrangements and
connections.
Referring to Figures 1, 5 and 9, showing that modification of my invention
adapted to the transformation and utilization of single phase alternating currents,
a commutator K having sections T, is supported from and on the end plate E, and
the sections T of such cominutator are connected with the windings j on the
element A.
The hub S is enlarged into a disc, as seen, at its left hand end carrying four
brushes 5, two only of which are seen in Fig. 1, that is, the upper and lower ones
of such brushes 5, which are seen in Fig. 1 and in diagram in Figs. 5 and 9 are
connected to a contact ring 34, supported by and carried on the disc of the hub S,
but insulated therefrom. Upon this contact ring 34 spring 33 bears being
connected by wire 19 with the point 28 of switch 22. As seen in diagram in
Figs. 5 and 9, two of the brushes 5, being those arranged in a nearly horizontal
line and at right angles with those shown in Fig. 1 connected with contact ring 34,
are connected as seen with contact ring 16. Hence, when switch 22 is moved to
contact point 28, then there are supplied to the winding ; on the element A
rectified currents from rings 15 and 16 through the four brushes 5 in a manner to
produce four consequent poles in the element A. But these brushes 5 being
revolved and carried by the element C, the poles thus produced, in the manner
just described, in the element A are caused, when the element B is prevented from
revolving by the load thereon, to rotate or revolve exactly with the poles
rotatively set up in the outer periphery of the element B in the manner already
described by means of the alternating currents supplied to the winding a thereon,
that is, when switch lever g is moved to the right and the switches 20 and 21 are
moved to their left hand positions indicated in dotted lines.
By means of an angular adjustment of the brushes 5' upon the shaft I in any
suitable manner not shown, any desired angle may be secured between the poles
thus produced in the manner described in the elements A and B. Such an
angular adjustment between the poles in the elements A and B should be secured
as will cause the element B to rotate in a direction opposite to that of the
element C. As this element B rotates, and as the speed of such rotation increases
under the influence of the polar progression in the outer periphery of the
element B and the polar angle maintained between the elements A and B in the
manner already just described, the element C, it will be readily seen and understood,
slackens in speed and comes to a full stop when the element B has reached a
synchronous speed of rotation.
It will be readily understood that when this last described modification and
arrangement of my motor and its connections is used, immediately after the
element C has once reached synchronous rotation, then we have the element A
supplied with rectified currents through the brushes 5 in the manner and by means
of the connections described, producing four poles therein bearing a constant
angular relation to those produced in the outer periphery of the element B, and
also caused to rotate or progress at a rate of speed constituting exactly the
difference between the actual mechanical rotation of the element B and
synchronism.
But at all times and under all conditions a constant angle is maintained between
the poles in such elements A and B and also at all times and under all conditions,
during the relative synchronous rotation of the element C, the poles thus produced.
in the manner already described in the elements A and B are maintained constant,
in sigu. Hence, we have the element 13 starting and running at any and all speeds
under the full torque effort secured by, magnetic poles maintaining a constant
angular relation and remaining constant in sign.
In Figure 9, eight of the conductors are shown very much enlarged as they
are used to carry the current through from the commutator sections 2 to the
winding n on the outer periphery of the element B. But the direction, of the
current flowing through these conductors, it will be understood at once, is such as

page_text: to constitute such enlarged conductors, at all times and under all conditions, regular
portions of the winding on the inner periphery of the element B.
Referring now to Figs. 10 and 11 in which the same plan of lettering is
followed; the element B is supported by bolts or studs 6 from the dise G revolving
in any suitable bearing not shown and carrying the palley P. In this case the
sleeve or hub S carries, as in the case already mentioned and described, the
brushes 3 and 4 and in addition thereto brushes 35 and 5 and also contact rings 13,
14, 15, 16 and 34. In this case the commutators 1 and 2 and the brushes 3 and 4
bearing, respectively thereon, perform the same functions and have the same
connections as already fully shown and described in the preceding figures. The
brushes 35, of which there are also four, bear upon the sections of the com-
mutator V, connected at regular intervals with the winding we also carried on the
inner periphery of the element B. This winding to is the generative winding, the
current induced therein being taken off by brushes 35, one pair of which, as seen
in Fig. 10, is connected with contact ring 15 while the other pair, as seen in
Fig. 11, is connected with ring 16. Spring 9 bearing upon contact ring 15 is
connected as indicated with switches 20, 21 and 22. From point 24 of switch 20
wire 17 leads to and makes connection with the winding on the field A at two
opposite points therein, while from contact point 26 of switch 21 wire 18 leads to
two opposite ones of brushes f bearing upon the commutator O. This winding j
on the field A is connected at two points, located at right angles with the cou-
nections made therewith by wire 17, by wire 30 with spring 11 bearing on contact
ring 16. In the same way two opposite ones of the brushes f bearing on the co.n-
mutator are connected by wire 30 with spring 11 bearing on contact ring 16.
Hence, we have a field winding j and an armature winding a connected up in
derivation, (conductors n being wound in a symmetrical, four pole, four path
system), with contact rings 15 and 16 which form terminals, as already described,
for the generative winding w. Hence we have the armature and field B and A
respectively supplied by currents from the generative winding of the rotary
transformer, of which the inner periphery of the element B constitutes the
armature and the element C constitutes the field. The winding c on the element C
in this instance being supplied as indicated directly from the brushes 3 bearing
upon the rectifying commutator 1.
A contact ring 34 is connected as seen in Fig. 11 in the diagram with two of the
brushes 5 bearing upon the sections of the commutator T connected at regular
intervals with the winding ; on the element A. A spring 33 bearing upon this
ring 34, is connected by wire 19 with contact point 28 of switch 22, while the
other two of the brushes 5 are connected, as indicated, with contact ring 16.
Hence, when switch 22 is located upon contact point 28, we have direct currents
from the winding te supplied through the brushes 5 to the winding on the
element A in a manner to produce four alternating poles therein. But these
brushes 5 are carried by the element C upon the shaft I, and as already described,
this element C revolves at such a rate of speed as shall constitute a relative
synchronous rotation between the elements B and C, hence these brushes 5, when
properly adjusted upon the shaft I, produce in this element A four poles which
may be caused to bear any desired relation to the poles produced in the outer
periphery of the element B, by means of the current supplied to the conductors n
thereon from the contact rings 15 and 16 forming terminals for the generative
winding on the inner periphery of the element B, as already fully shown and
described.
When, however, switches 20, 21 and 22 occupy respectively the positions
indicated in dotted lines, thus cutting off the current supply from the winding n on
the element B, then we have a direct generated current from the winding w
supplied only to the winding j on the element A, in a manner to produce a polar
progression therein, equal in rate to the difference between synchronism and the
mechanical rotation of the element B, on account of the relative synchronous
rotation between the elements B and C, as already fully explained. These

page_text: rotatively progressing poles thus produced in the element A induce corresponding
poles in the outer periphery of the element B, which lagging behind their inducing
cause, produce a rotation of the element B in a direction opposite to that of
the rotation of the element C, in the same manner as in the well known lag
motor. The operation in this respect is the same as that already fully shown and
described.
In Fig. 11 the conductors ware indicated by shaded circles, while the
conductors are represented by open circles. The connectors used for each
different set of windings and w, it will be seen, are curved in opposite directions
for the sake of perspicuity.
Referring to Figs. 12 and 13, which illustrate that modification of my motor
adapted to use with bi-phase alternating currents, the exterior annular armatures A
are supported by rods or bolts a between the circular end plates D and E, having
feet formed thereon for the support of the machine, as shown.
Armatures A are each ring-wound, with insulated wire and in closed coils,
connected in parallel at regular intervals to the segments T of the commutator K,
supported by the bolts or rods a.
End plates D and E have each secured thereto a cross bar M forming bearings
for the sleeves G and H. Between disc-like formations on the inner ends of cach
of these sleeves G and H are secured and supported the annular fields B, by
means of the holts b. The disc G carries the collector ring 42, but insulated
therefrom, while sleeve and disc H carry the collector ring 46, insulated
therefrom.
The rods carry the insulated collector ring 44. The fields Bare ring-wound,
in closed coils n, the left hand one being connected at two opposite points to the
ring 42 and at two other opposite points, equi-distant between the first two, with
ring 44. Exactly similar connections are inade between the windings n on the
right hand field B and rings 46 and 44, except that, as indicated in Fig. 22, the
connections made with the windings n of one field are in quadrature with
the connections made with the windings n on the other field.
The pulley P is carried by the sleeve G, while sleeve H has carried there-
through four conductors and also has secured thereon a rectifying device,
consisting essentially in three insulated portions 38, 39 and 40, as indicated in
Figs. 14, 15, 16 and 17, carried by a collar R on sleeve H, but insulated there-
from. This rectifying commutator, as indicated in Fig. 17, is substantially of the
well known usual construction, except that. being made for bi-phase alternating
currents, it is double, one portion being in quadrature with the other, that is, with
the insulated joints in one part coming between those in the other part. A
further departure from the usual construction consists in milling the periphery
of such commutator, thus making a spur gear thereof, as indicated in Figs. 19
and 22.
From the circular plate D by bolts a the three armed bearing plate J is
supported, while a similar plate U is supported by bolts a from the circular
plate E. These plates J and U have bearings formed thereon for the hollow
shaft I, carrying the interior armatures C, each cross-shaped and wound with
insulated wire c, all connected together and having its terminals carried through
the hollow shaft I, and connected to the insulated collector rings 47 and 48,
carried on a hub on the right hand end of the shaft I and having springs 49 and 52
respectively bearing thereon.
This shaft I also carries ring Q, adjustably secured upon the disc S, upon the
hub of which, but insulated therefrom, are located collector rings 15 and 16, having
the springs 9 and 11 respectively bearing thereon.
The ring Q carries four brushes 5, located ninety degrees apart and bearing
against the sections T of the commutator K, as indicated in diagram in Figs. 19
and 22. The disc S also carries two bolts or studs p, insulated therefrom, and
each carrying a spur gear d, and also two shorter bolts or studs q, similarly
insulated, and each carrying in turn a similar spur gear u. These gear d and u

page_text: บ
are arranged to mesh with teeth formed on the rectifying commutator above-
described, as indicated in diagram in Figs. 19 and 22. Small gear d engage the
teeth milled on the projections formed on commutator segments 38 and those pro-
jections coming between them formed on segment 39, while the gear » engage the
teeth on the projections formed on section 40 and those coming between them
formed on the section 39 of the rectifying commutator carried by sleeve H. These
gear d are so disposed angularly, it will be readily understood by referring to
Figs. 12, 14, 15, 16, 17, 19 and 22, that, when the fields B and the armatures C
are caused to revolve, whether both of them in opposite directions or only one of
them alone, at a speed constituting a relative synchronous rotation between them,
causing one fourth of a revolution for each alternation in the current of either
phase, then these gear d, co-operating with the rectifying commutator segments
with which they mesh, rectify the alternating current supplied to one of fields B,
while the gear, in a similar manner, rectify the alternating currents supplied to
the other one of such fields B. For this purpose connections are made, such as
indicated in Figs. 12, 14, 15, 16, 19 and 22, between rings 42, 44 and 46 and
between the commutator sections 38, 39 and 40, that is, the ring 44 is connected to
section 39, ring 42 to section 38, and ring 46 to section 40, whereby this rectifying
commutator is placed in derivation with the windings a ou fields B, thus rectifying
the alternating currents of each phase in this derived circuit only, but not, of
course, in the winding a on the fields B.
To prevent rattling and to maintain a more uniform contact between gear d
and u and the teeth of the commutator with which they mesh, I construct each of
these small gear as indicated in Figs. 20 and 21, showing one of them, for
instance d.
Each of these gear is constructed of two exactly similar halves, channeled out
on their sides coming together, so as to receive one convolution of a coil spring,
having its ends hent at right angles to its own plane, and entering holes there-
for in each section of the gear d. The tension on this spring should be just
sufficient to maintain a positive contact but not to cause an undue wear of the
teeth, although the spring will also compensate for considerable wear of the
teeth.
For a clearer understanding of the internal connections in the machine,
reference is made to Fig. 22. The bi-phase currents enter the machine from
the feeders 53, 54 and 55, respectively connected to the springs 41, 43 and 45,
bearing also respectively on the collector rings 42, 44 and 46. These collector
rings being connected with the windings on the fields B, as indicated, supply
such bi-phase currents to such fields. The connections made in one field are
in quadrature with those made with the other. Collector ring 42 is connected
with sections 38 of the rectifying commutator, collector ring 46 with sections 40,
while collector ring 44 is connected with the sections 39 of the rectifying
commutator.
In the diagram, Fig. 22, the rectifying commutator is shown as in two portions,
as if cut by two planes passing through the center of each part, that is, the part
used for rectifying each phase is shown as if separated and each portion or part
shown in section taken on the lines 57-58 and 59-60 in Fig. 17. The relative
speed between the armatures C and the fields B being such that one fourth of a
revolution is made for each alternation of the current of either phase, it will be
readily understood that the gear d are caused, each of them, to pass over one
section of the rectifying commutator at each alternation of the current supplied to
the machine through the feeders 53 and 54. But as every other section is connected
with ring 42 and the other intermediate ones with the ring 44, and as, the gear d
are so disposed angularly that when one of them bears upon a section connected
with ring 42 the other will bear upon a section connected with ring 44, it will be
readily understood that the alternating currents, supplied through the feelers 53
and 54, can be taken off through the gear d and the studs or bolts pearrying them,
as rectified currents. It will also be readily understood that in a similar way the

page_text: alternating currents supplied through the feeders 54 and 55, may be taken off as
rectified currents through the gear u and the studs or bolts q carrying them. These
gear d and u are so arranged that the two shown as uppermost in the diagram shall
take off current of one sign and the other two shall take off current of the opposite
sign.
The uppermost gear d and u are connected together and also with a collector
ring 15, while the other two gear d and u are similarly connected together and with
the collector ring 16. Collector rings 48 and 47 form the terininals for the
windings c on the element C. Springs 11, 9, 52 and 49 bear respectively on the
collector rings 16, 15, 48 and 47. Springs 11 and 52 are connected by wire 30,
while springs 9 and 49 are connected through switch 56 by wire 29, when switch 56
occupies the position shown. Hence rectified currents are supplied to the windings c
on the armature C.
Two opposite ones of brushes 5, bearing on the commutator sections T, are
connected together and to the uppermost gear d and w, while the other two brushes 5
are similarly connected together and to the lower gear d and u; hence, the four
brushes 5 are supplied with rectified currents in a manner to produce four poles in
the armatures A, the commutator sections T being connected with the windings j
on the armature A.
The operation is as follows: Bi-phase alternating currents are supplied to the
machine from the mains 53, 54 and 55, respectively, through springs 41, 43 and 45,
bearing on the collector rings 42, 44 and 46, thereby causing armnature C to revolve
and almost immediately to come to synchronism. The action between the elements B
and C at this time being substantially the same as in inductor motors, i.e., the
bi-phase alternating currents supplied to the fields B cause rotating magnetic poles
therein, which, acting by induction in the well known manner on the element C,
cause such element C to revolve and almost immediately come to synchronism.
When synchronism has been reached, these alternating currents are then rectified,
only in a branch circuit supplied to each part of the rectifying commutator in
derivation with the windings on a corresponding field B in the manner already
described by means of the connections, indicated in diagram in Figs. 19 and 22, and
are supplied to the brushes 5 in such a way as to make any two adjacent ones of
opposite signs, and opposite ones of the same sign, thus supplying rectified currents
through the commutator K to the windings j on armature A. These brushes 5
carried by element C, revolving synchronously with the rotating magnetic poles set
up in element B by the bi-phase alternating currents supplied thereto, produce four
poles in each of the armatures A rotating and maintaining a constant relation to the
poles produced in the fields B by the alternating currents supplied thereto. It
will, of course, be understood that the alternating currents supplied to the machine
are supplied directly, and as alternating currents, to the windings on the fields B
and also, in derivation, to the commutator sections from which they are taken off
by the gear d and u, in the manner described, as rectified currents. Disc Shaving
its outer ring-like portion Q adjustable on its inner portion, as indicated in Fig. 12,
these brushes are thereby capable of angular adjustment upon shaft I so as to
maintain any desired polar relation between armature A and field B. It will be
seen at once that the armatures A being supplied with rectified currents in
derivation with the windings n on the fields B (to which alternating currents only
are supplied, as above described), before the fields B start up, these fields B are
caused to revolve at the start with full torque. As this revolution of fields B
increases in speed, owing to the relative synchronous rotation between the fields B
and armatures C, which having once been established, in the manner above
described, is rigidly maintained within the limits of normal load, (and the element C
carries no load whatever), causes the armature C to slow down and come to a full
stop when the field B has reached synchronous speed. It will, of course, be readily
understood that this relative synchronous rotation between the elements B and C is
maintained for any and all speeds of rotation of each of them in opposite directions,
when the sum of their rotation in opposite directions constitutes synchronous speed;

page_text: hence, either one may remain still and the other revolve, or each may revolve with
any speed whatever, provided the sum total of their speeds in opposite directions:
constitutes synchronous speed; hence, it will be readily understood that as the
element B increases in speed the element C must slow down correspondingly. But
whatever the speed of field B, it is caused to run with full torque, because there is
supplied at all times to the windings j on arinature A a rectified current, producing
poles in the element A, maintaining at all times a constant relation to those
produced in the field B.
On starting up the motor, switch 56 is moved to the right, referring to Fig. 12,
or over to the left in a horizontal position, referring to Fig. 22, to contact point 37,
but it may be moved to the left again, as shown in Fig. 12, or to the right again, as;
shown in Fig. 22, to contact point 36, when the armature C has reached synchronism.
When moved to the right, in Fig. 12, or over to the left in a horizontal position
in Fig. 22, it causes the windings c on the armature C to be closed on themselves..
A bolt p and a bolt g are connected to the collector ring 16, while the opposite
bolts p and y are connected to collector ring 15, hence, from springs 9 and 11 there
may be taken off rectified currents in derivation with those supplied to the windings j
on the armature A. Such rectified currents supplied to the windings c on the
element C, when it has reached synchronism, tend to rigidly maintain such relative.
synchronism between armature C and field B.
To avoid any tendency of the motor to race, under a light load or no load at all,.
(by carrying the element C backwards at such a rate of speed, below that of the
element B, as shall constitute a relative synchronous rotation between them), I.
make use of the devices illustrated in Fig. 23, to which reference is now made..
Upon either end of the shaft I, preferably upon the end carrying the pulley P,.
I secure a plain pulley Z, and eccentric therewith there is secured upon the outer
face of the three armed bearing plate J, a plain iron rim Y. In the annular spice
between the pulley Z and the rim Y there is located the roller 61, of such a
diameter as to freely rotate by friction against the pulley Z. This roller 61 is:
prevented from being carried by the pulley Z over to the left, by means of a
downward projecting stop on the inside of the rim Y, but when the roller 61 is;
placed upon the other side, i.e. upon the left hand side of this stop, then it will be
prevented from going over to the right. It will be readily understood that this.
roller 61, by being located upon either side as just described, of this downward:
projecting stop, operates to prevent a rotation of the pulley Z and the shaft I, to.
which it is secured, in only one direction at a time, while freely admitting of:
rotation in the opposite direction, its action being the same as the well known,
friction clutch. For instance, when the roller 61 occupies the position shown in
the drawing, as the pulley Z rotates over towards the right, it carries the roller 61-
with it until such roller 61 acts as a wedge between the rim Y and the pulley Z,.
thus preventing further rotation in that direction of the pulley Z, while freely
admitting of its rctation in the opposite direction. Of course, when rotating
over to the left, it will cause the roller 61 to occupy the position shown in the,
drawings.
I will now describe that modification of my invention especially adapted to the:
utilization and transformation of bi-phase alternating currents; it should be borne:
in mind, however, that a similar modification may be made therein adapting it to.
other multi-phase alternating currents.
Referring now to Figs. 24 and 25, bi-phase alternating currents are supplied:
through springs 70, 71 and 72, and contact rings 67, 68 and 69 to the bi-phase:
ring-windings 62 and 64 on the element B, in the well known manner. This
element B is also ring-wound, with a closed coil of insulated wire 63, connected at..
regular intervals to the sections of a commutator V having brushes 35, not seen.
n Fig. 24, bearing thereon and carried by arins 66 on the hub S, secured on the
haft I.
The internal element C is wound with insulated wire c in a closed coil. The
bi-phase currents supplied to the windings 62 and 64 on the element B produce in.

page_text: such element a rotating field or fields, thereby causing the internal element C to
revolve and gain in speed until it reaches synchronism-in this way element C is
caused to revolve and maintain a synchronous speed, carrying with it the brushes 35.
These brushes 35 are not seen in Fig. 24, being located at right angles with the
brushes 5, hence, they cannot be seen, because one of them has been removed by
the plane of the section and the other is concealed behind the hub S; they are set
at such an angle that they take off direct currents induced in the winding 63 by
the rotatively progressing poles caused by the bi-phase currents traversing the
windings 62 and 64.
Supported from other arms 66 are seen also the brushes 5 bearing upon the
sections of a stationary commutator K, connected to the windings on the external
element A. Each brush 5 is connected with a corresponding brush 35, hence, to
the winding; there is supplied a direct current thus producing in the element A
magnetic poles. The brushes 5 are set a certain fixed angle at the rear of the
brushes 35, thus prodizing an angular displacement between the poles produced in
the external element A, in the manner already described, and those set up in the
element B by the bi-phase alternating currents traversing the windings 62 and 64
thereon. The result of this angular displacement, between the poles in the
elements A and B, is to produce a rotation of the element B in a direction opposite
to that of the interior element C. As the element B increases in speed, owing to
the synchronous relation between elements B and C, this interior element C slackens
in speed until it comes to a full stop, when the element B has reached synchronous
rotation.
Thus it will be seen that the external element A, for all speeds of the element B,
is energized by direct currents supplied from the windings 63, in the manner
already described, that is, when the machine is used with bi-phase alternating
currents.
Thus it will be seen that my motor may be used, that is the first modification of
it shown in Figures 1 to 9, with single phase alternating currents, rectified by the
machine at any and all speeds of rotation of the load carrying elements thereof,
and when so rectified supplied to the windings on both such load-carrying elements,
and such load-carrying elements, under such conditions, are for any and all speeds
of relative rotation between them, supplied with such rectified currents in a manner
to produce poles therein constant in sign and bearing a fixed angular relation to
each other; and also that when such modification is used as a lag motor, then there
is produced in the load-carrying element of such lag motor, that is in the element B,
a rotatively progressing series of magnetic poles, advancing at a certain fixed rate,
relative to any given point in such element B, for any and all speeds of relative
rotation between such elements B and A. It will also be seen that when the
element B reaches synchronism, the winding on the element A may be supplied
with rectified currents at fixed points producing fixed poles therein, or again, this
element A, that is the winding thereon, may be connected to a commutator, supplied
with rectified currents through brushes carried by the element C and bearing on
such commutator, thus producing poles in the element A bearing a constant angular
relation to those produced in the element B, for all speeds of relative rotation
between the elements A and B.
It will be further seen and understood that the modification of my motor shown
in Figs. 10 and 11 differs from that shown in Figs. 1 to 9 substantially in only one
particular and that is, the elements A and B are, one of them, supplied with
currents from the generative winding, in which the current is induced by the
relative rotation between the elements B and C. Such generated current, it will
at once be understood, may be used in place of the rectified current in that modifi-
cation shown in Figs. 1 to 9, and supplied in substantially the same way.
That modification of my motor shown and described in Figs. 12 to 23 inclusive,
in which that modification is shown adapted to use with bi-phase alternating
currents, taken as an example and illustration of any multi-phase system, in this
modification the rotatively progressing poles in the element B are caused directly

page_text: by the multi-phase alternating currents, and such multi-phase alternating currents
of each phase are rectified by the relative synchronous rotation between the
elements B and C, and then supplied to the winding on the element A, through
brushes carried by the element C and bearing on a commutator connected to the
winding on such element A, thus producing in such element A magnetic poles
constant in sign and bearing a constant angular relation to those produced by the
multi-phase alternating currents in the element B.
In that modification of my motor shown in the Figs. 24 and 25 the element Bit
will be seen carries two windings, one a generative winding and another a multi-
phase winding supplied with the multi-phase alternating currents, thereby inducing
in the generative winding, electric currents which may be taken off as direct
currents, by means of brushes carried by the element C, which may also carry
brushes supplying such generated current to a commutator connected to the
windings on the element A, thus producing in such element A magnetic poles
constant in sign and bearing a constant angular relation to those progressively
produced by the multi-phase alternating currents in the element B.
Whereby it will be seen that, under any and all conditions, the load-carrying
elements of my motor are so supplied with the alternating currents only, or with
such alternating currents and with a generated current both together, as to produce
in such load-carrying elements magnetic poles that shall, under any and all
conditions and for all rates of relative rotation between such load-carrying
elements remain constant in sign and bear a constant angular relation to each
other.
It will be readily seeu and understood also that, by means of modifications in the
generative winding and connections thereof, in that modification of my motor
shown in Figures 11 and 12, which are too obvious to call for further illustration
or description, my motor may be adapted to the utilization of direct currents, and
also that any desired relation may be secured between the voltage and amperage
of, the main supply current, whether alternating or direct, and the generated
current.
Dated the 9th day of June 1896.
PHILIP M. JUSTICE,
London, Chartered Patent Agent,!
For the Applicant.
1
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and connected with Electric Motors and
Transformers.
I WILLIAM HENRY COOLEY, Engineer, of No. 8 High Street, Brockport, in
the County of Monroe, and State of New York, United States of America, do
hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:
One of the principal objects of my invention is the construction of an alternating
current electric motor, that shall have a strong tendency towards synchronism, and
at the same time have an increased starting torque, and a more uniform torque at
different speeds below synchronism.
In describing my invention in the following specification, I shall frequently
make use of the term, element, meaning thereby an armature or field, and when I
speak of two elements as being located in operative relation I mean that the
relation existing between them is that existing between an armature and field.
I

page_text: My invention applies equally well to all alternating currents, whether single or
multiphase, although in some of the drawings I have shown it in that modification
more especially adapted to use with biphase alternating currents.
This first modification of my invention consists essentially in two elements,
bearing the relation to each other of armature and field. Between these elements,
by means of alternating currents supplied to the windings on one or both of them,
there is established and maintained a relative synchronous rotation, and for this
purpose, one or both of these elements may be revoluble. By means of such
synchronous rotation, the alternating currents are rectified by passing through
devices carried by each of such elements nud co-operating together. These
currents, when so rectified, are caused to traverse the windings on a third element
bearing the relation of armature or field to one of such first named elements, in
such a manner as to maintain a constant relation between the poles thus produced
in such third element and those produced by such alternating currents in that one
of such first named elements, bearing the relation of armature or field thereto.
Where both of such first named "elements are revoluble, the third element may
be fixed or stationary; but when one of such first named elements is stationary,
then the third element should be revoluble. Two of such three elements should
always be revoluble.
The relative synchronism between such first two elements may consist in the
rotation of culy one of such elements, or both may rotate in opposite directions at
any speed whatever, resulting in such relative synchronous rotation. One of such
first named clements is caused to carry only rectifying and commutating devices or
mechanism, co-operating with others on or carried by the other one of such first
named elements, but no other load; hence the relative synchronous rotation
between such first two elements may be almost immediately established on starting
the motor, and easily maintained. In the case illustrated, by the drawings
representing this first modification of my invention, both of the first two elements
are revoluble.
Another and second modification of my invention consists in its use as a single
phase lag motor. In this modification there are two elements bearing the relation
to each other of field and armature, of substantially the usual construction, in
combination with a third element, which may consist of either an armature or field,
located in operative relation to one of such first named elements. Between this
third element and that one of the other elements located in operative relation
thereto, by means of alternating currents traversing the windings on one or both
of them, there is at once established and maintained a relative synchronous
rotation. This relative synchronous rotation may consist entirely in the rotation
of the third element, in which case such third element will be located in operative
relation to the fixed one of the other two elements, or such third element may be
located in operative relation to the rotatable one of the other two elements, and in
this case, such synchronous rotation will consist, at the start, in the rotation of the
third element, which will gradually come to a state of rest as the other element
located in operative relation thereto starts up and gradually approaches synchronous
rotation.
By means of this relative synchronous rotation between the third element and
the other one located in operative relation thereto, by means of devices located
on and carried by each of such elements co-operating together, such alternating
currents are caused to produce in the windings on one of such first named elements
a rotatively progressing field or fields, progressing at all times and under all
circumstances a certain fixed angle for each alternation of such alternating current,
when such motor is to be used as a synchronous motor or as a lag motor.
A third modification is noticed when, at the same time and by means of devices
similarly carried operating and co-operating, I cause such alternating currents to
be rectified, when they may be supplied to the field and armature constituting the
first two elements in substantially the usual manner customary in direct current
machinery or in the manner described in reference to the first above mentioned

page_text: modification of my invention. In the modifications of my present invention, herein
shown and described, I have represented the third element as located in operative
relation to the rotating one of the other two elements, but obviously, without
departing from the spirit of my invention, many changes and modifications may be
made therein, adapting it to different styles of construction and to different uses.
Still another and fourth modification of my invention consists in its use as a
motor-transformer in which the motor element shall predominate sufficiently for
power purposes, and in which the speed of such motor also shall be automatically
regulated within the limits of normal load. This modification of my invention is
applicable equally to the transformation and utilization of either alternating or
direct currents, although in the case shown in the drawings, illustrating this
modification, apparatus is shown in diagram, as will be explained, with a system of
connections especially adapted to use with alternating currents, but a slight
modification of the internal connections, as will also be explained, adapts the
machine to the transformation and utilization of direct currents.
In carrying out this modification also of my invention, I make use of three
elements; between one of such elements and either of the others there exists the
relation of armature and field. Such middle element, or rather, the one located
in operative relation to the other two, may be mechanically one element. It may
even be one element magnetically, but in this case its magnetic mass should be of
such an extent as to be capable of carrying, without confusion between them, the
lines of force for two separate and distinct systems of windings, that is, when each.
side of the middle element, located in operative relation to a different element, has
a separate winding thereon. I have made use of drum windings in the drawings
to avoid confusion in the connections, which would follow in illustrating the case
with ring windings, that is, in those figs, of the drawing illustrating the application
of my invention to single-phase alternating currents, although, however, obviously,
without departing from the spirit of my invention, as will be understood, ring
windings may be used. Such ring windings I have shown in those figures of
drawing illustrating this modification of my invention especially adapted to double.
phase alternating currents.
Between two of these elements bearing to each other the relation of armature
and field, by means of electric currents, either alternating or direct, supplied to
the windings on one or both of them, there is established and maintained a relative
rotation. By means of this relative rotation, there are induced or generated in a
separate and distinct winding on one of such elements, electric currents, such
currents being, of course, commutated in and by the well known manner and means.
common to direct current generators.
Such direct currents may then be supplied to the windings on a third element or
to a separate winding on one of such first named elements, either one singly or to
the windings on a third element and also to a separate winding on one of such first
named elements both together, either in parallel or series. Such third element, of
course it will be understood, is always located in operative relation to the last
named separate or distinct winding on one of such first named elements.
In other words, this, fourth modification of my invention consists in a rotary
transformer, preferably delivering direct currents, in combination with a third
element, between which and one of the elements of such transformer there is set
up and maintained a relative rotation.
These elements I prefer, in. this last modification, to combine together in a
manner substantially as follows, that is, I prefer to construct the rotary transformer
with both elements revoluble, one of such elements constituting mechanically, or
at least mechanically united to, the rotating element of the motor proper, this last
named element being, of course, the load carrying element of the motor proper, or
in common terms the armature. This armature in such an arrangement will, of
course, be located in operative relation upon one side to a fixed element, commonly
a field, and upon the other side it is located in operative relation to a rotatable.
element, which may also be considered as a field. It is desirable that the torque

page_text: effort exerted upon the middle or intermediate element by both the other elements
on either side thereof shall be in the same direction; the result of this is that,
as the middle element carries a load, the other rotatable element constituting the
rotary transformer, at first revolves, and, when alternating currents are used it
comes to synchronism; at this time the transformer delivers an induced direct
current which is supplied to the third element and to the motor winding on the
middle element, causing the same to rotate in a direction opposite to that of the
rotation at first set up in the other rotary transformer element, located in
operative relation thereto. But as this intermediate element gains in speed, the
other transformer element slackens in speed until it comes to a full stop.
Broadly stated then, my invention consists in the employment of two elements,
between which, by means of alternating currents supplied to the windings on one
or both of them, there is established and maintained a relative synchronous
rotation; by means of this relative synchronous rotation and through current
directors controlled thereby, I cause to be supplied to windings on a third element,
located in operative relation either to one of such first named elements or to a
magnetically distinct winding mechanically carried by one of such first named
elements, such alternating currents either directly and as alternating currents or
after having been rectified by means of devices, controllel in their operation by
such relative synchronous rotation. In the same manner I may cause such
alternating currents, either directly and as alternating currents or after having
been rectified, in the manner and by the means just above described, to be
supplied to a magnetically distinct winding mechanically carried by one of such
first named elements or to a winding directly on one of auch first named elements
and located in operative relation to such third element.
Or, again, I may cause to be supplied to the windings on such third element and
to either a winding on one of such first named elements or a magnetically distinct
winding mechanically carried by one of such first named elements, a direct current
from a generative winding, mechanically carried by one of such first named
elements and continuously revolved by such relative synchronous rotation in the
magnetic field or fields carried by the other one of such first named elements.
When make use of a direct current, generated in the manner just above
described, then I may supply such direct currents to the winding on such third
element or to that winding located in operative relation thereto, by means of
current directors, carried by such one of the first named elements as will cause in
such winding, so supplied, magnetic poles bearing the desired relation to the other
element located in operative relation thereto.
For the purpose of my invention it matters not how such above named relative
synchronous rotation be established and maintained, the only essential being that
during the time such motor is operated, such synchronous relation and relative
synchronous rotation be at all times, during the operation of my motor and while
the same is supplied with such alternating currents, maintained by means of such
alternating currents supplied to windings on one or both of such first named
elements, or to windings mechanically carried by one or both of such first named
elements and located in operative relation to each other.
The drawings accompanying my Provisional Specification and illustrating my
invention are as follows:
Figure 1 is a. vertical longitudinal section taken through the center of the
machine.
Fig. 2 shows to the right of the central vertical line an end view, and to the
left a vertical transverse section taken through the center of the field and armature,
say along the line 50-51 on Fig. 1.
Fig. 3 shows in end view one of the equal halves of the switching lever g.
Fig. 4 shows in vertical transverse section, a portion of the comtnutator O.
Fig. 5 shows in diagram the field windings and the external armature windings
and their connections.
. Fig. 6 shows in diagram the connections between commutator segments 1 and 2.

page_text: and their connections, and
Fig. 8 shows in vertical transverse section, sleeve H of Fig. 1, showing also the
manner of carrying the eight conductors y therethrough.
Fig. 9 shows in diagram all the connections throughout the entire machine, all
of the commutator segments being shown outside of the win lings to which they are
connected.
That modification of my invention adapted to use as a motor transformer with
single phase alternating currents and in which the motor element shall predominate
sufficiently for power purposes is illustrated in Figures 10 and 11, only diagram-
matically and stripped as far as possible of all mechanical details in order more.
clearly to show the electrical connections and the electrical and magnetic.
relations.
Figure 10 is a partial vertical longitudinal section of my machine taken along
the central line of the shaft thereof. Fig. 10 also shows, partially in diagram, the
electric connections made in my machine when used with single phase alternating
currents. A full diagram of the connections made throughout my machine, when
used with single phase alternating currents, is shown in Fig. 11.
Figs. 12 to 23 inclusive show that modification of my motor adapted to use with
bi-phase alternating currents taken as an example of any system of multi-phase
alternating currents, bi-phase currents being selected on account of the resulting
simplification in the drawings illustrating the same.
Such figures are as follows-Figure 12 is a vertical longitudinal section through
the center of the machine. Fig. 13 shows to the right of the central vertical line
an end view, and to the left of such line a vertical transverse section, taken through:
the center of one of the equal fields and armatures, say along line 50-51 of Fig. 12.
Fig. 14 shows the central portion 39 of the rectifying commutator and its connection
with the collector ring 44. Fig. 15 shows one of the end or outside portions 38 of.
the rectifying commutator and its connection with the collector ring 42 and also
the connection between such ring and the windings n on the field B, while Fig. 16
shows the other outside or end portion 40 of the rectifying commutator and its
connection with the collector ring 46 and also the connection between such collector
ring and the windings on the other field B. Fig. 17 shows, in side view, the
parts of such rectifying commutator assembled, but before having the teeth or cogs
milled out on it. Fig. 18 shows in plan view, one of the bearing plates M.
Fig. 19 shows in end view, commutator and also in diagram the connections
made between the brushes 5, bearing on commutator K, and the rectifying device.
carried by interior shaft I. Fig. 20 shows in vertical section one of the small
rectifying gear, as will be explained, while Fig. 21 shows in interior side view one
of the equal halves of one of such gear. Fig. 22 shows in diagram all the con--
nections made throughout the entire machine with all the rectifying and commutating
parts, therein shown, represented as being carried one fourth of a revolution over.
to the left from the position in which they are shown in Fig. 19. Fig. 23 shows.
devices for preventing the motor from racing by means of a clutch acting on a
pulley carried by the shaft I, as will be explained.
Figs. 24 and 25 show that modification of my invention adapted to use as a
motor transformer with bi-phase alternating currents taken as an example of any
system of multi-phase alternating currents, bi-phase alternating currents being
selected on account of the resulting simplification in the drawings illustrating the-
same. Fig. 24 shows in a view similar to Fig. 10, that modification of my machine
adapted to bi-phase alternating currents, while Fig. 25 shows in diagram the
connections made in my machine for such bi-phase alternating currents. In the.
drawings accompanying the present specification Figures 26 and 27 show details.
which will be explained.
Similar letters refer to similar parts throughout the several views.
As in alternating current machinery in general, I construct my fields and:
armatures of laminations. Referring to Figs. 1 to 9 inclusive of the drawings,
'

page_text: A constitutes the external annular field, ring wound with insulated wire in a
closed coil, and supported by means of bolts a between the end plates D and E,
circular in form and having feet on their lower ends, and forming at their centers
respectively bearings for the sleeves G and H. Between the discs formed on the
inner ends of these sleeves G and H is supported the annular armature B by
means of the bolts b. The internal field C, in this case of the Siemens armature
type, is supported and secured upon the hollow shaft I, having a bearing at its
left hand end in the three armed plate J, supported by studs L from end plate D.
This shaft I is supported at its right hand end in a bearing in a similar plate U
supported by studs N from the end plate E. Shaft I carries near its right hand
end the metallic hub S, upon which are located the four insulated collector
rings 13, 14, 15 and 16. Rings 15 and 16 are connected by wires through the
hollow shaft I to the winding c upon the field C. Hub S also carries upon arms
formed thereon, as shown, the trailing brushes 3, 4 and 5, there being four of each
of such brushes located in opposite pairs ninety degrees apart, only two of them
leing seen in Fig. 1. On these collector rings 13, 14, 15, and 16, bear springs
respectively 7, 8, 9, and 11. Sleeve G carries the pulley P, while sleeve H, as
seen in Figs. 1 and 8, has passing therethrough the eight conductors y, all insulated
from each other and contained within the space between two insulating tubes. For
this purpose two concentric tubes of micanite, fibre or vulcanite may be used, and
in the space between them the conductors may be insulated from each other by
strips of micanite, hard fibre or vulcanite, forining separating partitions between
the conductors y.
The eight conductors y are carried up inside of the disc formed on sleeve H and
across the inner periphery of the element B and forming thus a portion of the
winding thereon, and terminate in copper tubes o, entering and supported in openings
therefor near the outer edge of the dise formed on the sleeve G, which also carries
the commutator O of substantially the usual construction, as shown, having in this
case thirty two segments carried upon the body m. Referring to Figs. 1 and 4, at
eight equi-distant points throughout this commutator O there are bored
longitudinally therethrough holes large enough to admit the copper rods i within
suitable insulating tubes, inside of which they are capable of free longitudinal
movement. These rods enter at their right hand ends the copper tubes o and are
enlarged at their left hand ends carrying thereon the copper springs t, while these
enlarged ends of the rods i are rigidly secured to the fibre ring r, and on the left
band face of this fibre ring is seen a brass disc s engaging a gib piece k secured
on either half of the switch lever g, as indicated in Fig. 3, whereby, when such
switch lever g is moved to the right to the position indicated in dotted lines in
Fig. 1 an electrical connection is established between eight of the commutator
segments and the corresponding conductors y, passing through sleeve H. This
sleeve H also carries a hub R, of any suitable insulating material, upon which are
secured the commutating rings 1 and 2 each composed of eight exactly similar and
insulated segments. These commutating rings 1 and 2 are arranged respectively
under trailing brushes 3 and 4 bearing thereon. Bearing upon the commutator O
are the four insulated brushes f, located ninety degrees apart, carried by the ring e,
adjustably secured within ring F, supported in turn by bolts a aud against shoulders
formed thereon. Two of these brushes fouly are seen in Fig. 1 and all of them
are indicated in dotted lines in Fig. 5. They are also indicated in diagram in
Fig. 9.
This armatune B carries upon its outer periphery the conductors n arranged and
connected together, as indicated in Fig. 5, in a symmetrical drum winding for four
poles, there being sixty four of these conductors n, there are thirty two commutator
segments to which they are connected at regular intervals.
It will be noticed that in the winding n, on the armature B, that is the end
shown in the drawing, being that end toward the observer, two of the conductors n
are connected together subtending an are of one less thau pitch. Connections at
the other end of the armature should be made between conductors subtending an

page_text: ԵՂ
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ineationed.
The eight conductors y which terminate in the copper tubes o make connection
at their other ends with the eight commutator segments 2 in the manner following,.
that is to say, every other one of such conductors y is connected to the commutator
segment 2 next in advance of itself and every intermediate one to a commutator
segment 2 next in the rear of itself, going in either direction, the result of this is
that, when switch levery is moved to the right, an electrical connection is established
between every other one of such commutator segments 2 and the commutator
segment O, forty five degrees in advance thereof, and between every intermediate
commutater segment 2 and the commutator segment O. forty five degrees to the
rear thereof, going in either direction. The eight conductors y, just mentioned,
and the rods i, are indicated in Fig. 9 in diagram as connected together into a
continuous conductor and connecting the commutator segments 2 with eight of the
commutator segments O, in the manner just described.
The result of this is that when the trailing brushes 4 are revolved relatively to
the commutator segments 2 at such a speed as to pass over one of these segments 2
nt each alternation of the current supplied to the machine, there will be set up in
the conductors n a polar progression advancing forty five degrees for each
alternation of such current.
This will be more fully understood by reference to Fig. 5 where the four
brushes 4 are shown in dingram inside of the segments 2, and in Fig. 9 als, where
the brushes 3 are shown outside of the segments 1. It will be readily understood
that starting with brushes 4 in any position, say that shown in the drawings, where
vertically positioned ones may be considered as positive and those at right angles
thereto, as negative, these brushes change their signs as they advance one segment.
in either direction. For instance, suppose them to move in the direction indicated
by the arrow, it will be readily seen that to advance them one segment and change
their signs, will produce the same result as to move them backwards one segment.
and keep their signs the same; and that to do either one, by reason of connections
already described, produces a polar advancement or progression in the direction of
the interior arrow in Fig. 5 and of the exterior one in the upper right hand portion
of Fig. 9, of just forty five degrees in the conductors ; the result of this is, when.
field A is wound with a closed coil without an external connection, to produce a
rotation of the armature B, carrying the conductors a in the direction indicated by
the external arrow in Fig. 5 and of the interior arrow seen in the upper right hand.
portion of Fig. 9. This rotation of the armature B is caused in the same manner
as in lag motors, because at this time, as will be understood, this armature B has
four poles produced therein rotatively progressing around such armature B. Such.
rotatively progressing magnetic poles acting inductively upon the field A, in the
well known manner in lag motors, produce a rotation of the armature B in a.
direction opposite to that of the rotation of the magnetic poles above described in
the element B.
It will be readily understood that when such last mentioned rotation, that is, the
mechanical rotation of armature B, reaches synchronism, the trailing brushes 4.
may remain stationary and still produce this polar progression, just described, in
the conductors n.
I will now explain the method of revolving these brushes 3 and 4 at the starting:
up of the machine or motor.
The armature B carries on its inner periphery conductors , arranged and
connected together as shown in diagram in Fig. 7 and 9, to produce a symmetrical,.
four pole, four path, drum winding, connected at eight equi-distant points with
eight commutator segments 2, every other connection being made between a
segment 2 and a conductor forty five degrees in advance of itself, and every
intermediate connection between a segment 2 and a conductor e forty five degrees
to the rear of itself.
The result of this, when the brushes 4 carrying alternating currents, as.

page_text: 'mentioned, are advanced one segment at each alternation in such currents, is to
produce a polar progression, as already explained in reference to Fig. 5, the same
as though the conductors » were regularly connected with segments 2 and the
brushes 4 supplied direct currents.
Referring to Figs. 1 and 9, two opposite ones of the brushes 4 are connected to
collector ring 13, while the other two are connected to collector ring 14. Wires 31
and 32 convey the alternating currents to the machine, being the main feeder wires,
hence brushes 4 carry these main currents. Two of brushes 4 are connected with
collector ring 13 and the other two, not seen in Fig. 1, are connected with collector
ring 14, hence, brushes 4 carry the main alternating currents, opposite ones of
brushes 4 always being of the same sign and adjacent ones of the opposite sign.
Two opposite ones of brushes 3 are connected with collector ring 16 and the other
two with collector ring 15. Refer now to Figs. 6 and 9. Commutator segments 2
and I are connected together as shown, every other one of segments I to a segment 2,
forty five degrees in advance of itself and every intermediate segment 1 to al
segment 2 forty five degrees to the rear of itself. The result of this is that when
brushes 4, carrying alternating currents, advance one segment for each alternation
in such current, brushes 3 take off intermittent direct currents, which may be
collected by wires connected with springs 9 and 11 bearing on contact rings 15
and 16 connected to brushes 3 in the manner shown and described.
Spring 9 is connected by wire 29 with switches 20, 21 and 22, as seen in Figs. 1,
5 and 9. Switch 20, as seen, is in contact with point 24, from which a common
connection is made as indicated by wire 17 with the winding ; on the element A at
two opposite points, namely, the extreme upper and lower points in such winding
From the two opposite points ninety degrees therefrom wire 30 is connected
leading to spring ii on contact ring 16. Switch 21 is on point 26 connected by
wire 18 with the upper and lower ones of brushes f bearing on commutator O.
From the two other brushes located at right angles therewith, as seen, connection
is made by wire 30 with spring 11 bearing on the contact ring 16. Hence when
switches 20 and 21 occupy the positions shown in the drawings in the full lines, we
have rectified currents taken off by means of springs 9 and 11 and caused to pass,
by means of the connections already just described, through the windings n on the
outer periphery of the element B in four paths and through the field winding; on
the element A in parallel therewith and also in four paths and constituting a
four pole, four path, shunt wound motor.
The operation of the machine, as thus far described, is as follows-
Single phase alternating currents are supplied to the machine by wires 31
and 32 and carried by trailing brushes 4 to the commutator segments 2. These
commutator segments 2, eight in number, are connected by the eight conductors y,
carried through sleeve H to the winding on the inner periphery of the armature B.
The winding e on the interior field C is placed in derivation with the winding by
means of the connections, shown and already described, between the commutator
sega.ents 1 and 2 and brushes 3 and the collector rings 15 and 16, and between
such collector rings and the winding c. These alternating currents thus supplied
through the wires 31 and 32 produce a rotation of the interior field C, shaft T and
all the collector rings and trailing brushes carried thereby.
The single phase alternating currents supplied, in the manner just described, to
the windings on the inner periphery of the armature B and also to the windings o
on the element C, develope rapidly alternating poles in the element C and also on
the inner periphery of the element B. These poles, although rapidly alternating,
are, by reason of the connections just described, such as to produce a constant
torque between the elements B and C. But as the element C carries no load, a
rapidly increasing rotation is set up therein, until such rate of rotation reaches a
point when the brushes 4 are caused to advance over one segment of the
commutator 2 for each alternation of the current. At this time, however, by
reason of the connections already shown and described between the commutator
segments 2 and the windings v on the inner periphery of the element B, the action

page_text: of the alternating currents, it will be readily understood, is exactly the same as
would be the case if direct currents were used and the connections, between the
commutator segments 2 and the winding were all made as in direct current
machinery, i.e. each commutator segment 2 connected to a corresponding point in
the windings v.
But when this rate of rotation, which really constitutes synchronism between
the elements B and C, has once been reached, the windings v being supplied in
effect by direct currents, and also the windings c on the element C at this time
supplied with rectified currents, by reason of the connections already shown and
described between segments 2 and 1, the maximum torque between elements B
and C is produced. This condition results in a rigid maintenance of this relative
synchronous rotation between the elements B and C in the manner already well
known and understood in synchronous motors. It will be readily understood, of
course, that this synchronism between the elements B and C consists in a relative
rotation between them, in opposite directions. Such relative synchronism may
consist in the rotation of either one of such elements at a speed constituting
synchronism, or they may both rotate in opposite directions, each at such a rate
that the combined rate of rotation of both of them shall constitute relative
synchronous rotation between them.
At all times during this relative synchronous rotation between the elements B
and C there may be taken off from the brushes 3, bearing on the commutator
segments 1, rectified currents. These rectified or direct currents, by reason of the
connections already described, may be taken off from springs 9 and 11, bearing
respectively on rings 15 and 16, or from such rings directly, as by means of wires
shown leading to the winding c on the element C. Hence, the interior field C is,
at this time, supplied with such direct currents, rigidly maintaining relative
synchronism between the elements B and C. At this time, however, as indicated
in Fig. 1 and in diagram in Figs. 5 and 9, the winding on the field A and the
conductors n on the external periphery of the armature B, may be supplied with
direct currents in substantially the usual manner and by means of the connections
already described. In this case the switches 20 and 21 are caused to occupy the
positions indicated in Figs. 5 and 9, and for this purpose connections are made,
such as indicated, and already described, by wires 17, 18 and 30, furnishing four
circuits in parallel through the field A and armature B. The action in the case
just described, that is between the elements A and B, is the same as in direct
current machinery.
It will be readily understood that at all times, while a relative synchronous
rotation is maintained between the elements B and C, there is caused, or set up,
in the conductors n and the external periphery of the element B, with lever g
moved to its right hand position and switches 20 and 21 moved to their left hand
positions indicated in dotted lines, rotatively progressing poles four in number
each advancing forty five degrees for every alteration of the current supplied to
to the machine. These rotatively progressing poles advance forty five degrees,
for cach alternation of the current supplied to the machine, at all times during
this relative synchronous rotation between the elements B and C, whether such
relative synchronous rotation consists in the rotation of the element C only or in
the rotation of the element B only or in the rotation of both of them together in
opposite directions. This polar progression in the element B induces corresponding
poles in the element A, which lagging behind their producing cause, create a
torque between the elements A and B and thereby cause the element B to rotate
in a direction opposite to that of the polar progression just described in the
winding n and the outer periphery of the element B. Then the motor becomes
self starting and of the lag type and remains such for all speeds, of the armature B,
because whatever its rate of rotation, the element C is maintained in relative
synchronism therewith and thus produces the uniform polar progression, just
described, in the element B.
This rotation of the element B, just described, increases in speed, unless the

page_text: element B is overloaded; and when synchronous rotation of this element B has
been attained, then there may be supplied to the winding j on the field A rectified
currents taken off from the springs 9 and 11 in the manner indicated in Figs. 5
and 9, producing four poler. For this purpose switch 20 should occupy the
position in full lines on point 24 as shown in the figures.
Thus it will be readily understood that before my motor starts its loal, it may
have the full benefit of the torque produced by using rectified currents in both
field and armature, except when used as a lag motor, as just described.
When the motor is to be used as a synchronous motor; after relative
synchronism has been reached between elements B and C, then rectified currents
are supplied to the windings ; on the element A and to the windings on the
element B, through the commutator O and the brushes f, in the manner already
described, causing the element B to revolve as in direct current motors. When
this rotation of the element B reaches synchronism, then the switch g may be
moved to the right, as indicated in dotted lines in Fig. 1,,the switch 20 occupying
the position shown in full lines and the switch 21 moved to the position shown in
dotted lines in Figs. 5 and 9, thus changing the motor to a synchronous motor
operating by reason of the polar progression produced in the conductors on the
outer periphery of the element B, and the rectified current supplied to the field
winding j.
In place of the commutator O, the brushes and the connections made with
such brushes, already described, and the connections already described to the
windings on the element A, I may make use of the following devices, arrange-
ments and connections.
Referring to Figures 1, 5 and 9, showing that modification of my invention
adapted to the transformation and utilization of single phase alternating currents,
a commutator K having sections T, is supported from and on the end plate E, and
the sections T of such commutator are connected with the windings j on the
element A.
The bub S is enlarged into a disc, as seen, at its left hand end carrying four
brushes 5, two only of which are seen in Fig. 1, that is, the upper and lower ones
of such brushes 5, which are seen in Fig. I and in diagram in Figs. 5 and 9 are
connected to a contact ring 34, supported by and carried on the disc of the hub S,
but insulated therefrom. Upon this contact ring 34 spring 33 bears being
connected by wire 19 with the point 28 of switch 22. As seen in diagram in
Figs. 5 and 9, two of the brushes 5, being those arranged in a nearly horizontal
live and at right angles with those shown in Fig. 1 connected with contact ring 34,
are connected as seen with contact ring 16. Hence, when switch 22 is moved to
contact point 28, then there are supplied to the winding on the element A
rectified currents from rings 15 and 16 through the four brushes 5 in a manner to
produce four consequent poles in the element A. But these brushes 5 being
revolved and carried by the element C, the poles thus produced, in the manner
just described, in the element A are caused, when the element B is prevented from
revolving by the load thereon, to rotate or revolve exactly with the poles
rotatively set up in the outer periphery of the element B in the manner already
described by means of the alternating currents supplied to the winding a thereon,
that is, when switch lever 9 is moved to the right and the switches 20 and 21 are
moved to their left hand positions indicated in dotted lines.
By means of an angular adjustment of the brushes 5 upon the shaft I in any
suitable manner not shown, any desired angle may be secured between the poler
thus produced in the manner described in the elements A and B. Such an angular
adjustment between the poles in the elements A and B should be secured as will
cause the element B to rotate in a direction opposite to that of the element C.
As this element B rotates, and as the speed of such rotation increases under the
influence of the polar progression in the outer periphery of the element B and the
polar angle maintained between the elements A and B in the manner already just
described, the element C, it will be readily seen and understood, slackeus in speed

page_text: rotation.
stop when
ement nas reached a synchronous speed or
It will be readily understood that when this last described modification and
arrangement of my motor and its connections is used, immediately after the
element C has once reached synchronous rotation, then we have the element A
supplied with rectified currents through the brushes 5 in the manner and by means
of the connections described, producing four poles therein bearing a constant
angular relation to those produced in the outer periphery of the element B, and
also caused to rotate or progress at a rate of speed constituting exactly the
difference between the actual mechanical rotation of the element B and
synchronism.
But at all times and under all conditions a constant angle is maintained between
the poles in such elements A and B and also at all times and under all conditions,
during the relative synchronous rotation of the element C, the poles thus produced
in the manner already described in the elements A and B are maintained constant
in sign. Hence, we have the element B starting and running at any and all speeds.
under the full torque effort secured by magnetic poles maintaining a constant angular
relation and remaining constant in sign.
In Figure 9, eight of the conductors are shown very much enlarged as they are
used to carry the current through from the commutator sections 2 to the winding n on
the outer periphery of the element B. But the direction of the current flowing
through these conductors, it will be understood at once, is such as to constitute
such enlarged eonductors, at all times and under all con litions, regalar portions of
the winding on the inner periphery of the element B.
Referring now to Figs. 10 and 11 in which the same plan of lettering is
followed; the element B is supported by bolts or studs & from the disc Grevolving
in any suitable bearing not shown and carrying the pulley P. In this case the
sleeve or hub S carries, as in the case already mentioned and described, the
brushes 3 and 4 and in addition thereto brushes 35 and 5 and also contact
rings 13, 14, 15, 16- and 34. In this case the commutators 1 and 2 and the
brushes 3 and 4 bearing respectively thereon, perform the same function and have
the same connections as already fully shown and described in the preceding figures.
The brushes 35, of which there are also four, bear upon the sections of the
commutator V, connected at regular intervals with the winding w also carried on
the inner periphery of the element B. This winding w is the generative winding,
the current induced therein being taken off by brushes 35, one pair of which, as
seen in Fig. 10, is connected with contact ring 15 while the other pair, as seen in
Fig. 11, is connected with ring 16. Spring 9 bearing upon contact ring 15 is
connected as indicated with switches 20, 21 and 22. From point 24 of switch 20
wire 17 leads to and males connection with the winding j on the field A at two
opposite points therein, while from contact point 26 of switch 21 wire 18 leads to
two opposite ones of brushes bearing upon the commutator O. This winding j
on the field A is connected at two points, located at right angies with the
connections made therewith by wire 17, by wire 30 with spring II bearing on
contact ring 16. In the same way two opposite ones of the brushes/bearing on the
commutator O are connected by wire 30 with spring 11 bearing on contact ring 16.
Hence, we have a field winding ; and an armature winding a connected up in
derivation, (conductors n being wound in a symmetrical, four pole, four path
system), with contact rings 15 and 16 which form terminals, as already described,
for the generative winding w. Hence we have the armature and field B and A
respectively supplied by currents from the generative winding of the rotary
transformer, of which the inner periphery of the element B constitutes the
armature and the element C constitutes the field, the winding c on the element C
in this instance being supplied as indicated directly from the brushes 3 bearing
upon the rectifying commutator 1.
A contact ring 34 is connected as seen in Fig. 11 in the diagram with two of the
brushes 5 bearing upon the sections of the commutator T connected at regular

page_text: intervals with the winding on the element A. A spring 33 bearing upon this
ring 34, is connected by wire 19 with contact point 28 of switch 22, while the
other two of the brushes 5 are connected, as indicated, with contact ring 16.
Hence, when switch 22 is located upon contact point 28, we have direct currents
from the winding we supplied through the brushes 5 to the winding on the
element A in a manner to produce four alternating poles therein. But these
brushes 5 are carried by the element C upon the shaft I, and as already described,
this element C revolves at such a rate of speed as shall constitute a relative
synchronous rotation between the elements B and C, hence these brushes 5, when
properly adjusted upon the shaft I, produce in this element A four poles which
may be caused to bear any desired relation to the poles produced in the outer
periphery of the element B, by means of the current supplied to the conductors n
thereon from the contact rings 15 and 16 forming terminals for the generative
winding won the inner periphery of the element B, as already fully shown and
described.
When, however, switches 20, 21 and 22 occupy respectively the positions
indicated in dotted lines, thus cutting off the current supply from the winding a on
the element B, then we have a direct generated current from the winding w
supplied only to the winding j on the element A, in a manner to produce a polar
progression therein, equal in rate to the difference between synchronism and the
mechanical rotation of the element B, on account of the relative synchronous
rotation between the elements B and C, as already fully explained. These
rotatively progressing poles thus produced in the element A indure corresponding
poles in the outer periphery of the element B, which lagging behind their inducing
cause, produce a rotation of the element B in a direction opposite to that of the
rotation of the element C, in the same manner as in the well known lag motor.
The operation in this respect is the same as that already fully shown and described.
In Fig. 11 the conductors w are indicated by shaded circles, while the
conductors are represented by open circles. The connectors used for each
different set of windings v and w, it will be seen, are curved in opposite directions
for the sake of perspicuity.
Referring to Figs. 12 and 13, which illustrate that modification of my motor
adapted to use with bi-phase alternating currents, the exterior annular armatures A
are supported by rods or bolts a between the circular end plates D and E, having
feet formed thereon for the support of the machine, as shown.
Armatures A are each ring-wound, with insulated wire ; and in closed coils,
connected in parallel at regular intervals to the segments T of the commutator K,
supported by the bolts or rods a.
End plates D and E have each secured thereto a cross bar M forming bearings for
the sleeves G and H. Between disc-like formations on the inner ends of each of
these sleeves G and H are secured and supported the annular fields B, by means of
the bolts b. The disc G carries the collector ring 42, but insulated therefrom, while
sleeve and disc H carry the collector ring 46, insulated therefrom.
The rods b carry the insulated collector ring 44. The fields B are ring-wound,
in closed coils n, the left hand one being connected at two opposite points to the
ring 42 and at two other opposite points, equi-distant between the first two, with
ring 44. Exactly similar connections are made between the windings n on the
right hand field B and rings 46 and 44, except that, as indicated in Fig. 22, the
connections made with the windings n of one field are in quadrature with
the connections made with the windings n on the other field.
The pulley P is carried by the sleeve G, while sleeve H has carried therethrough
four conductors and also has secured thereon a rectifying device, consisting
essentially in three insulated portions 38, 39 and 40, as indicated in Figs. 14, 15, 16
and 17, carried by a collar R on sleeve H, but insulated therefrom. This rectifying
commutator, as indicated in Fig. 17, is substantially of the well known usual
construction, except that being made for bi-phase alternating currents, it is double,
one portion being in quadrature with the other, that is, with the insulated joints in

page_text: one part coming between those in the other part. A further departure from the
usual construction consists in milling the periphery of such commutator, thus
making a spur gear thereof, as indicated in Figs. 19 and 22.
From the circular plate D by bolts a the three armed bearing plate J is
supported, while a similar plate U is supported by bolts a from the circular
plate E. These plates J and U have bearings formed thereon for the hollow
shaft I, carrying the interior armatures C, each cross-shiped and wound with
insulated wire c, all connected together and having its terminals carried through
the hollow shaft I, and connected to the insulated collector rings 47 and 48, carried
on a hub on the right band end of the shaft I and having springs 49 and 52
respectively bearing thereon.
This shaft I also carries ring Q, adjustably secured upon the disc S, upon the
hub of which, but insulated therefrom, are located collector rings 15 anl 16, having
the springs 9 and 11 respectively bearing thereon.
The ring Q carries four brushes 5, located ninety degrees apart and bearing
against the sections T of the commutator K, as indicated in diagram in Figs. 19
and 22. The disc S also carries two bolts or studs p, insulated therefrom, and each
carrying a spur gear d, and also two shorter bolts or studs similarly insulated,
and each carrying in turn a similar spur gear u. These gear and u are arranged
to mesh with teeth formed on the rectifying commutator above described, as
indicated in diagram in Figs. 19 and 22. Small gear d engage the teeth milled on
the projections formed on commutater segment 38 and those projections coming
between them formed on segment 39, while the gear u engage the teeth on the
projections formed on section 40 and those coming between them formed on
the section 39 of the rectifying commutator carried by sleeve H. These
gear d are so disj osed angularly, it will be readily understood by referring to
Figs. 12, 14, 15, 16, 17, 19 and 22, that, when the fields B and the armatures C
are caused to revolve, whether both of them in opposite directions or only one of
them alone, at a speed constituting a relative synchronous rotation between them,
causing one fourth of revolution for each alternation in the current of either
phase, then these gear d, co-operating with the rectifying commutator segments
with which they mesh, rectify the alternating current supplied to one of fields B,
while the gear u, in a similar manner, rectify the alternating currents supplied to
the other one of such fields B. For this purpose connections are made, such as
indicated in Figs. 12, 14, 15, 16, 19 and 22, between rings 42, 44 and 46 and
between the commutator sections 38, 39 and 40, that is, the ring 44 is connected to
section 39, ring 42 to section 38, and ring 46 to section 40, whereby this rectifying
commutator is placed in derivation with the windings n on fields B, thus rectifying
the alternating currents of each phase in this derived circuit only, but not, of
course, in the winding n on the fields B.
To prevent rattling and to maintain a more uniform contact between gear d
and u and the teeth of the commutator with which they mesh, I construct cach of
these small gear as indicated in Figs. 20 and 21, showing one of them, for
instance d.
Each of these gear is constructed of two exactly similar halves, channeled out on
their sides coming together, so as to receive one convolution of a coil spring z,
having its ends bent at right angles to its own plane, and entering holes therefor
in each section of the gear d. The tension on this spring should be just sufficient
to maintain a positive contact but not to cause an undue wear of the teeth, although
the spring will also compensate for considerable wear of the teeth.
For a clearer understanding of the internal connections in the machine, reference
is made to Fig. 22. The bi-phase currents enter the machine from the feeders 53, 54
and 55, respectively connected to the spring 41, 43 and 45, bearing also respectively
on the collector rings 42, 44 and 46. These collector rings being connected with
the windings on the fields B, as indicated, supply such bi-phase currents to such
field. The connections made in one field are in quadrature with those made with
the other. Collector ring 42 is connected with sections 38 of the rectifying

page_text: commutator, collector ring 46 with sections 40, while collector ring 44 is connected
- with the sections 39 of the rectifying commutator.
In the diagram, Fig. 22, the rectifying commutator is shown as in two portions,
as if cut by two planes passing through the center of each part, that is, the part
used for rectifying each phase is shown as if separated and each portion or part
shown in section taken on the lines 57-58 and 59-60 in Fig. 17. The relative
speed between the armatures C and the fields B being such that one fourth of a
revolution is made for each alternation of the current of either phase, it will be
readily understood that the gear d are caused, each of them, to pass over one section
of the rectifying commutator at each alternation of the current supplied to the
machine through the feeders 53 and 54. But as every other section is connected
with ring 42 and the other intermediate oues with the ring 44, and as, the gear d
are so disposed angularly that when one of them bears upon a section connected
with ring 42 the other will bear upon a section connected with ring 44, it will be
readily understood that the alternating currents, supplied through the feeders 53
and 54, can be taken off through the gear d and the studs or bolts p carrying them,
as rectified currents. It will also be readily understood that in a similar way the
alternating currents supplied through the feeders 54 and 55, may be taken off as
rectified currents through the gear u and the studs or bolts q carrying them.
These gear d and u are so arranged that the two shown as uppermost in the diagram
shall take off current of one sign and the other two shall take off current of the
opposite sign.
The uppermost gear d and u are connected together and also with a collector
ring 15, while the other two gear d and u are similarly connected together and
with the collector ring 16. Collector rings 48 and 47 form the terminals for the
windings con the element C. Springs 11, 9, 52 and 49 bear respectively on the
collector rings 16, 15, 48 and 47. Springs 11 and 52 are connected by wire 30,
while springs 9 and 49 are connected through switch 56 by wire 29, when switch 56
occupies the position shown. Hence rectified currents are supplied to the
windings c on the armature C.
Two opposite ones of brushes 5, bearing on the commutator sections T, are
connected together and to the uppermost gear d and u, while the other two
brushes 5 are similarly connected together and to the lower gear d and u; hence,
the four brushes 5 are supplied with rectified currents in a manner to produce four
poles in the armatures A, the commutator sections T being connected with the
windings on the armature A.
The operation is as follows; Bi-phase alternating currents are supplied to the
machine from the mains 53 54 and 55, respectively, through springs 41, 43 and 45,
bearing on the collector rings 42, 4 and 46, thereby causing armature C to revolve
and almost immediately to come to synchronism. The action between the
elements B and C at this time being substantially the same as in inductor motors,
i.e., the bi-phase alternating currents supplied to the fields B cause rotating
magnetic poles therein, which, acting by induction in the well known manner on
the element C, cause such element C to revolve and almost immediately come to
synchronism. When synchronism has been reached, these alternating currents are
then rectified, only in a branch circuit supplied to each part of the rectifying
commutator in derivation with the windings on a corresponding field B in the
manner already described by means of the connections, indicated in diagram in
Figs. 19 and 22, and are supplied to the brushes 5 in such a way as to make any
two adjacent ones of opposite signs, and opposite ones of the same sign, thus
-supplying rectified currents through the commutator K to the windings ; on
armature A. These brushes 5 carried by the element C, revolving synchronously
with the rotating magnetic poles set up in element B by the bi-phase alternating
currents supplied thereto, produce four poles in each of the armatures A rotating
and maintaining a constant relation to the poles produced in the fields B by the
alternating currents supplied thereto. It will, of course, be understood that the
salternating.currents supplied to the machine are supplied directly, and as alternating

page_text: currents, to the windings on the fields B and also, in derivation, to the commutator
sections from which they are taken off by the gear & and u, in the manner
described, as rectified currents. Dise S having its outer ring-like portion Q
adjustable on its inner portion, as indicated in Fig. 12, these brushes are thereby
capable of angular adjustment upon shaft I so as to maintain any desired polar
relation between armature A and field B. It will be seen at once that the
armatures A being supplied with rectified currents in derivation with the windings n
on the fields B (to which alternating currents only are supplied, as
described), before the fields B start up, these fields B are caused to revolve at the
start with full torque. As this revolution of fields B increases in speed, owing to
the relative synchronous rotation between the fiell B and armatures C, which
having once been established, in the manner above described, is rigidly maintained
within the limits of normal load, (and the element C carries no I ad whatever),
causes the armature C to slow down and come to a full stop when the field B has
reached synchronous speed. It will, of course, be readily understood that this
relative synchronous rotation between the elements B and C is maintained for any
and all speeds of rotation of each of them in opposite directions, when the sum of
their rotation in opposite directions constitutes synchronous speel; hence, either
one may remain still and the other revolve, or each may revolve with any speed
whatever, provided the sum total of their speeds in opposite directions constitutes
synchronous speed; hence, it will be readily understood that as the element B
increases in speed the element C must slow down correspondingly. But whatever
the speed of field B, it is caused to run with full torque, because there is supplied
at all times to the windings j on armature A a rectified current, producing poles in
the element A, maintaining at all times a constant relation to those produced in the
field B.
On starting up the motor, switch 56 is moved to the right, referring to Fig. 12,
or over to the left in a horizontal position, referring to Fig. 22, to contact point 37,
but it may be moved to the left again, as shown in Fig. 12, or to the right again,
as shown in Fig. 22, to contact point 36, when the armature C has reached
synchronism. When moved to the right, in Fig. 12, or over to the left in a
horizontal position in Fig. 22, it causes the windings e on the armature C to he
closed on themselves. A bolt p and a bolt q are connected to the collector ring 16,
while the opposite bolts p and q are connected to collector ring 15, hence from
springs 9 and 11 there may be taken off rectified currents in derivation with those-
supplied to the windings on the armature A. Such rectified currents supplied
to the windings e on the element C, when it has reached synchronism, tend,
to rigidly maintain such relative synchronism between armature and field B.
To avoid any tendency of the motor to race, under a light load or no load at all,.
(by carrying the element C backwards at such a rate of speed, below that of the
element B, as shall constitute a relative synchronous rotation between them), I.
make use of the devices illustrated in Fig. 23, to which reference is now made..
Upon either end of the shaft 1, preferably upon the end carrying the pulley P,.
I secure a plain pulley Z, and eccentric therewith there is secured upon the outer
face of the three armed bearing plate J, a plain iron rim Y. In the annular space,
between the pulley Z and the rim Y there is located the roller 61, of such a
diameter as to freely rotate by friction against the pulley Z. This roller 61 is.
prevented from being carried by the pulley Z over to the left, by means of a.
downward projecting stop on the inside of the riun Y, but when the roller 61 is.
placed upon the other side, i.e. upon the left hand side of this stop, then it will be
prevented from going over to the right. It will be readily understood that this.
roller 61, by being located upon either side as just described, of this downward
projecting stop, operates to prevent a rotation of the pulley Z and the shaft I, to,
which it is secured, in only one direction at a time, while freely admitting of
rotation in the opposite direction, its action being the same as the well known
friction clutch. For instance, when the roller 61 occupies the position shown in
the drawing, as the pulley Z rotates over towards the right, it carries the roller 61

page_text: with it until such roller 61 acts as a wedge between the rim Y and the pulley Z,
thus preventing further rotation in that direction of the pulley Z, while freely
admitting of its rotation in the opposite direction. Of course, when rotating over
to the left, it will cause the roller. 61 to occupy the position shown in the
drawings.
I will now describe that modification of my invention especially adapted to the
utilization and transformation of bi-phase alternating currents; it should be borne
in mind, however, that a similar modification may be made therein adapting it to
other multi-phase alternating currents.
This
Referring now to Figs. 24 and 25, bi-phase alternating currents are supplied
through springs 70, 71 and 72, and contact rings 67, 68 and 69 to the bi-phase
ring-windings 62 and 64 on the element B, in the well known manner.
element B is also ring-wound, with a closed coil of insulated wire 63, connected at
regular intervals to the sections of a commutator V having brushes 35, not seen in
Fig. 24, bearing thereon and carried by arms 66 on the hub S, securel on the
shaft 1.
The internal element C is wound with, insulated wire e in a closed coil. The
bi-phase currents supplied to the windings 62 and 64 on the element B produce in
such element a rotating field or fields, thereby causing the internal element C to
revolve and gain in speed until it reaches synchronism-in this way the element C
is caused to revolve and maintain a synchronous speed, carrying with it the
brushes 35. These brushes 35 are not seen in Fig. 24, being located at right
angles with the brushes 5, hence, they cannot be seen, because one of them has
been removed by the plane of the section and the other is concealed behind the
hub S; they are set at such an angle that they take off direct currents induced in
the winding 63 by the rotatively progressing poles caused by the bi-phase currents
traversing the windings 62 and 64.
Supported from other arms 66 are seen also the brushes 5 bearing upon the
sections of a stationary commutator K, connected to the windings j on the external
element A. Each brush 5 is connected with a corresponding brush 35, hence, to
the winding there is supplied a direct current thus producing in the element A
magnetic poles. The brushes 5 are set a certain fixed angle at the rear of the
brushes 35, thus producing an angular displacement between the poles produced
in the external element A, in the manner already described, and those set up in
the element B by the bi-phase alternating currents traversing the windings 62
and 64 thereon. The result of this angular displacement, between the poles in the
elements A and B, is to produce a rotation of the element B in a direction opposite
to that of the interior element C. As the element B increases in speed, owing to
the synchronous relation between elements B and C, this interior element C
slackens in speed until it comes to a full stop, when the element B has reached
synchronous rotation.
Thus it will be seen that the external element A, for all speeds of the element B,
is energized by direct currents supplied from the windings 63, in the manner
already described, that is, when the machine is used with bi-phase alternating
currents.
Thus it will be seen that my motor may be used, that is the first modification of
it shown in Figures 1 to 9, with single phase alternating currents, rectified by the
machine at any and all speeds of rotation of the load carrying elements thereof,
and when so rectified supplied to the windings on both such load-carrying elements,
and such load-carrying elements, under such conditions, are for any and all speeds
of relative rotation between them, supplied with such rectified currents in a manner
to produce poles therein constant in sign and bearing a fixed angular relation to
each other; and also that when such modification is used as a lag motor, then
there is produced in the load-carrying element of such lag motor, that is in the
element B, a rotatively progressing series of magnetic poles, advancing at a certain
fixed rate, relative to any given point in such element B, for any and all speeds of
relative rotation between such elements B and A. It will also be seen that when

page_text: the element B reaches synchronism, the winding on the element A may be supplied
with rectified currents at fixed points producing fixed poles therein, or again, this
element A, that is the winding thereon, may he connected to a commutator, supplied
with rectified currents through brushes carried by the element C and bearing on
such commutator, thus producing poles in the element A bearing a constant
angular relation to those produced in the element B, for all speeds of relative
rotation between the elements A and B.
It will be further seen and understood that the modification of my motor shown
in Figs. 10 and 11 differs from that shown in Figs. 1 to 9 substantially in only one
particular and that is, the elements A and B are, one of them, supplied with
currents from the generative winding, in which the current is induced by the
relative rotation between the elements B and C. Such generated current, it will
at once be understood, may, be used in place of the rectified current in that
modification shown in Figs. 1 to 9, and supplied in substantially the same way.
That modification of my motor shown and described in Figs. 12 to 23 inclusive,
in which that modification is shown adapted to use with bi-phase alternating
currents, taken as an example and illustration of any multi-phase system, in this
modification the rotatively progressing poles in the element B are caused directly
by the multi-phase alternating currents, and such multi-phase alternating currents
of each phase are rectified by the relative synchronous rotation between the
elements B and C, and then supplied to the winding on the element A, through
brushes carried by the element C and bearing on a commutator connected to the
winding on such element A, thus producing in such element A magnetic poles
constant in sign and bearing a constant angular relation to those produced by the
multi-phase alternating currents in the element B.
In that modification of my machine shown in the Figs. 24 and 25 the element B.
it will be seen carries two windings, one a generative winding and another a multi-
phase winding supplied with the multi-phase alternating currents, thereby inducing
in the generative winding, electric currents which may be taken off as direct
currents, by means of brushes carried by the element C, which may also carry
brushes supplying such generated curient to a commutator connected to the
windings on the element A, thus producing in such element A magnetic poles.
constant in sign and bearing a constant angular relation to those progressively
produced by the multi-phase alternating currents in the element B.
Whereby it will be seen that, under any and all conditions, the load-carrying
elements of my motor are so supplied with the alternating currents only, or with
such alternating currents and with a generated current both together, as to produce
in such load-carrying elements magnetic poles that shall, under any and all
conditions and for all rates of relative rotation between such load-carrying
elements remain constant in sign and bear a constant angular relation to each
other.
It will be readily seen and understood also that, by means of modifications in the
generative winding and convections thereof, in that modification of my motor showa
in Figures 11 and 12, which are too obvious to call for further illustration or
description, my motor may be adapted to the utilization of direct currents, and
also that any desired relation may be secured between the voltage and amperage
of the main supply current, whether alternating or direct, and the generated
current.
Referring now to Figures 26 and 27, which are as follows,-Figure 26 is a
vertical longitudinal sectional view of a modified form of mechanism for maintaining
a synchronous relation between the elements B and C, while Figure 27 shows in
diagram the circuit connections for this modification. The element B is interiorally
wound over part of its surface with the wire v in the manner already described and
also similarly over the other portion of its surface with the wire 1 connected at
regular intervals with the sections of a commutator 114 having brushes 115 and 116
bearing thereon and carried by a projection S1 which may be formed on the left.
hand side of disc and hub S. In this case the element C is formed in two

page_text: parts C.and C 1, each with. its own field coil e and e1, and located in operative
relation to the windings and 1. They may be separated on the shaft I to admit
between them any necessary cross connections for the windings v, 1.
The commutator 114 is carried by the ring 117, which may be supported in any
suitable manner from the disc and sleeve H. Shaft I may carry a hub 118 on
which are secured contact rings 100, 101, 102 and 103, having respectively bearing
thereon springs 104, 105, 106 and 107. Spring 104 is connected with contact 110
of switch 108, spring 105 with the pivotal point of switch 108, spring 106 with the
pivotal point of switch 109. spring 107 with contact 113 of switch 109. 111 and 112
are the opeu contacts respectively of switches 108 and 109. Ring 103 is connected
with brush 116, rings 102 and 101 with the terminals of the winding e on the
element C. Ring 100 is connected with ring 16 on the hub S. Brush 115 is
connected with one terminal of the wire cl on the element C 1, while the other
terminal of this wire c 1 is connected with the wire c on the element C. When
switches 108 and 109 occupy the positions shown in the drawings, then the
winding c on the element C may then be supplied with a rectified current in the
manner already shown and described in reference to Figures 1 to 9 inclusive, but
when these switches 108 and 109 are moved on to contacts 111 and 113 respectively,
then we have the winding e 1 placed in series with the windings e and e 1. Starting
say with brush 115, the path is from thence through the upper section of the
commutator 114 to the winding 1, through such winding in a dual path to the
lower section of the commutator 114, brush 116, ring 103, spring 107, contact
point 113, switch 109, spring 106, contact ring 102, winding e on the element C,
winding e1 on the element C1, thence back to brush 115.
Hence during the relative rotation between the elements B and C we have
the element C supplied with a generated direet current from the winding 1
constituting an armature winding on the interior periphery of the element B,
and the element C1 the field therefor of a series generator, with the winding e
on the element also located in series with such arinature and field magnet
windings.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is-
1. In an alternating current machine, in combination with the armature and field
thereof, rectifying devices carried by such armature or field and co-operating with
others carried by a third element, and means for establishing and maintaining a
relative synchronous rotation between such third element and the armature or field
carrying such rectifying devices.
2. Three elements, one of which is located in operative relation to two others
and between which and either of such other elements there exists independently
the relation of armature and field, means for establishing and maintaining between
two of such elements, located in operative relation to each other, a relative
synchronous rotation by means of alternating currents supplied to windings on
one or both of them, rectifying devices carried by said two of such elements
co-operating together, and means for supplying alternating currents to such
rectifying devices.
3. In combination with the armature and field of an alternating current machine
and a commutator connected with the windings on one of such elements, a third
element, means for establishing and maintaining a relative synchronous rotation
between such third element and such armature or field, current rectifying devices
carried by such third element and by such armature or field, and brushes carried
by such third element, supplying direct currents from such rectifying devices and
bearing upon such commutator.
4. In combination with the armature and field of an alternating current machine,
a third element located in operative relation to such armature or field, ineans for
establishing and maintaining a relative synchronous rotation between such third

page_text: element and such armature or such field, current rectifying devices carried by such
third element and by such armature or field co-operating together, and means for
supplying to windings, on both such armature and such field, currents rectified by
such rectifying devices.
5. Two elements bearing the relation to each other of armature and field, one or
both of them revolvable, means for supplying to windings on one or both of such
elements alternating currents and thereby establishing and maintaining a relative
synchronous rotation between them, current rectifying devices carried by such
elements and co-operating together, and means for supplying the currents rectified
thereby to windings on that one of such elements carrying such rectifying devices
and also to windings on a third element, located in operative relation thereto,-in &
manner to produce an angular displacement between the poles in such last two
named elements.
6. Three elements, one of which is located in operative relation to two others and
between which and either of such other elements there exists independently the relation
of armature and field, means for establishing and maintaining between two of such
elements, located in operative relation to each other, a relative synchronous rotation
by means of alternating currents supplied to windings on one or both of them,
rectifying devices carried by said two of such elements co-operating together,
and means for supplying direct currents from such rectifying devices to windings
on the third one of such three elements and also to windings on that one of the
other two of such three elements located in operative relation thereto.
7. In combination with the armature and field of an alternating current
machine, a third clement or member, current rectifying devices carried by such
armature or field and co-operating with others carried by such third element or
member, and means for producing and maintaining a constant relative synchronous
rotation between such third element or member and such armature or field carrying
such rectifying devices, and means for supplying the currents rectified thereby
to windings on such armature and on such field, and for maintaining an angular
displacement between the poles produced thereby in such armature and in such
field.
8. Three elements, one of which is located in operative relation to two others,..
and between which and either of such other elements there exists independently
the relation of armature and field, means for establishing and maintaining between
two of such elements, located in operative relation to each other. a relative
synchronous rotation by means of alternating carreats supplied to windings on one
or both of them, rectifying devices carried by said two of such elements co-operating
together, and means for supplying direct currents from such rectifying devices to
windings on that one of such three elements located in operative relation to the
other two.
9. In combination with the armature and field of an alternating current
machine, a third element, means for establishing and maintaining a relative
synchronous rotation between such third element and such armature or such field,
current rectifying devices carried by such third element and such armature or field
co-operating together, and means for supplying to windings on the one of such
armature or field, carrying such rectifying devices, direct currents from such
rectifying devices.
10. In an alternating current machine, in combination with the two elements
thereof, constituting the armature and field, rectifying devices carried in part by
one of such elements and co-operating with others carried by a third element,
means for establishing and maintaining a relative synchronous rotation between.
said one of such first named elements and such third element, and means for
supplying rectified currents from such rectifying devices to windings on the other
one of such first named elements.
11. In an alternating current machine, in combination with the two elements
thereof, constituting the armature and field, a commutator connected to the
windings on one of such elements, rectifying devices carried by the other one of

page_text: such elements co-operating with others carried by a third element, such third
element also carrying brushes bearing on such commutator and supplying rectified
currents from such rectifying devices, and means for establishing and maintaining
a relative synchronous rotation between such third element and that one of such
first named elements carrying such rectifying devices.
12. Three elements, one of which is located in operative relation to two others,
and between which and either of such other elements there exists independently
the relation of armature and field, means for establishing and maintaining between
two of such elements, located in operative relation to each other, a relative
synchronous rotation by means of alternating currents supplied to windings on one
or both of them, rectifying devices carried by said two of such elements
co-operating together, and means for supplying direct currents from such
rectifying devices to windings on the third one of such three elements.
13. In an alternating current machiue, in combination with the two elements
thereof, constituting the armature and field, rectifying devices carried in part by
one of such elements and co-operating with others carried by a third element,
means for establishing and maintaining a relative synchronous rotation between
said one of such first named elements and such third element, and means for
supplying rectified currents from such rectifying devices to windings on the other
one of such first named elements, producing poles therein bearing a constant
angular relation to those in said one of such first nained elements bearing the
relation of armature or field thereto.
14. Three elements, one of which is located in operative relation to two others,
and between which and either of such other elements there exists independently
the relation of armature and field, means for establishing and maintaining between
two of such elements, located in operative relation to each other, a relative
synchronous rotation by means of alternating currents supplied to windings on
one or both of them, rectifying devices carried by said two of such elements
co-operating together, and means for supplying direct currents from such rectifying
devices to windings on the third one of such three elements, producing poles
therein bearing a constant angular relation to those in that one of such three
elements in operative relation to the other two.
15. In an alternating current machine, in combination with the two elements
thereof, constituting an armature and field, ueans for producing rotatively pro-
gressing poles or series of poles in one of such elements, rectifying devices carried
in part by said one of such elements, co-operating with others carried by a third
element, means for establishing and maintaining a relative synchronous rotation.
between said one of such first named elements and such third element, and
means for supplying rectified currents from such rectifying devices to windings
on the other one of such first named elements and for producing poles therein
bearing a constant angular relation to the rotatively progressing poles produced
in the first named one of such two elements coustituting the armature and
field.
16. In an alternating current machine, in combination with the two elements
thereof, constituting the armature and field, a commutator connected to the
windings on one of such elements, means for producing rotatively progressing poles
or series of poles in the other one of such elements, rectifying devices carried by
said other one of such elements co-operating with others carried by a third element,
such third element also carrying brushes bearing on such commutator and supplying
rectified currents from such rectifying devices, and means for establishing and
maintaining a relative synchronous rotation between such third element and that
one of such first named elements carrying such rectifying devices.
17. Three elements, one of which is located in operative relation to two others
and between which and either of such other elements there exists independently
the relation of armature and field, means for producing in said one of such elements,
located in operative relation to the other two, rotatively progressing poles or series
of poles, means for establishing and maintaining between such element and one of

page_text: the other two elements, located in operative relation thereto, a relative synchronous
rotation, rectifying devices carried by such last two named elements, co-operating
together, and means for supplying direct currents from such rectifying devices to
windings on the third one of such three elements, and for producing poles therein
bearing a constant angular relation to the rotatively progressing poles or series of
poles produced in that one of such three elements located in operative relation to
the other two.
18. Two elements, bearing the relation to each other of armature and field, one
or both of them revolvable, means for supplying to the windings on one or both of
such elements, alternating currents and thereby establishing and maintaining a
relative synchronous rotation between them, in combination with enrrent directing
devices, carried by such. elements and co-operating together, constitating means
for producing a polar progression in conductors arranged on on of such elements,
located in operative relation to a third element to which it bears the relation of
armature or field.
19. Two clements bearing the relation to each other of armature and field, one
or both of them revolvable, means for supplying to windings on one or both of such
elements alternating currents and thereby establishing and maintaining a relative
synchronous rotation between them, in combination with current directing devices,
carried by such elements and co-operating together, constituting means for
producing a polar progression in conductors arranged on one of such elements,
located in operative relation to a third element to which it bears the relation of
armature or field, such third element wound with insulated wire.
20. Two elements bearing the relation to each other of armature and field, one
or both of them revolvable, means for supplying to windings on one or both of such
elements alternating currents and thereby establishing and maintaining a relative
synchronous rotation between them, in combination with current directing devices,
carried by such elements and co-operating together, constituting means for
producing a polar progression in conductors arranged on one of such elements,
located in operative relation to a third element to which it bears the relation of
armature or field, such third element wound with insulated wire in a closed coil.
21. In an alternating current machine, in combination with the two elements
thereof, constituting the armature and field, current directing devices carried in
part by one of such elements and co-operating with others carried by a third
element, means for establishing and maintaining a relative synchronous rotation
between said one of such first named elements and such third element, means for
supplying alternating currents to such current directing devices, such current
directing devices constituting means for producing, in that one of such first
named elements carrying them, a constant polar progression at all times during
such synchronous rotation.
22. In an alternating current machine, in combination with the two elements
thereof, constituting the armature and field, current directing devices carried in
part by one of such elements and co-operating with others carried by a third
element, means for establishing and maintaining a relative synchronous rotation
between said one of such first named elements and such third element, the other
one of such first named elements wound with insulated wire, means for supplying
alternating currents to such current directing devices, such current directing
devices constituting means for producing, in that one of such first named elements
carrying them, a constant polar progression at all times during such synchronous
rotation.
23. In an alternating current machine, in combination with the two elements
therect, constituting the armature and field, current directing devices carried in
part by one of such elements and co-operating with others carried by a third
element, means for establishing and maintaining a relative synchronous rotation
between said one of such first named elements and such third element, the other
one of such first named elements wound with insulated wire in a closed coil, means
or supplying alternating currents to such current directing devices, such current

page_text: directing devices constituting means for producing, in that one of such first named
elements carrying them, a constant polar progression at all times during such
synchronous rotation.
24. In an alternating current machine, an element wound with insulated wire
connected with the sections of a commutator having brushes bearing thereon,
another element located in operative relation to such first named element, means,
independent of relative rotation between such elements, for producing and
maintaining a relative synchronous rotation between such commutator and such
brushes, means for supplying alternating currents to such brushes, such insulated
wire so connected to such commutator sections that such synchronous rotation
between such commutator and such brushes shall produce a polar progression in the
"windings on such first element.
2. In an alternating current machine, an element wound with insulated wire
-connected with the sections of a commutator having brushes bearing thereon,
another element located in operative relation to such first named element, means,
independent of relative ratation between such elements, for producing and main-
taining a relative synchronous rotation between such commutator and such brusher,
means for supplying alternating currents to such brushes, such insulated wire so
connected to such commutator sections that such synchronous rotation between such
commutator and such brushes shall produce a polar progression in the windings on
such first element, such other element wonnd with insulated wire.
26. In an alternating current machine, an element wound with insulated wire
connected with the sections of a commutator having brushes bearing thereon,
another element located in operative relation to such first named element, means,
independent of relative rotation between such elements, for producing and main-
taining a relative synchronous rotation between such commutator and such brushes,
means for supplying alteruating currents to such brushes, such insulated wire so
connected to such commutator sections that such synchronous rotation between such
commutator and such brushes shall produce a polar progression in the windings on
such first element, such other element wound with insulated wire in a closed coil.
27. In an alternating current machine, two magnetically distinct windings, having
a common mechanical support, a separate elenient located in operative relation to
each of such magnetically distinct windings, means for producing and maintaining
a relative synchronous rotation between one of such separate elements and the
windings located in operative relation thereto, in combination with current directing
devices controlled by such synchronous rotation constituting means for producing a
polar progression in the other winding.
28. In an alternating current machine, two magnetically distinct windings, having
a common mechanical support, a separate element located in operative relation to
each of such nagnetically distinct windings, means for producing and maintaining
a relative synchronous rotation between one of such separate elements and the
windings located in operative relation thereto, in combination with current directing
devices controlled by such synchronous rotation, constituting means for producing
a polar progression in the other winding; that element located in operative relation
to such last named winding wound with insulated wire.
29. In an alternating current machine, two magnetically distinct windings, having
a common mechanical support, a separate element located in operative relation to
each of such magnetically distinct windings, means for producing and maintaining
a relative synchronous rotation between one of such separate elements and the
winding located in operative relation thereto, in combination with current directing
devices controlled by such synchronous rotation, constituting means for producing
a polar progression in the other winding; that element located in cperative relation
to such last named winding wound with insulated wire in a closed coil.
30. In an alternating current machine, two magnetically distinct windings, having
a common mechanical support, a separate element located in operative relation to
cach of such magnetically distinct windings, means for producing and maintaining
a relative synchronous rotation between one of such separate elements and the

page_text: windings located in operative relation thereto, in combination with current directing
devices controlled by such synchronous rotation, constituting means for producing
a polar progression in the other winding, (that element, located in operative relation
to such last named winding, wound with insulated wire), current rectifying devices
controlled by such synchronous rotation, and means for supplying the alternating
currents rectified thereby to the windings on such last named element, and pr.
ducing therein magnetic poles maintaining a constant angular relation to those-
progressively set up in that winding located in operative relation thereto.
31. In combination with the armature and field of an alternating current machine,.
rectifying devices co-operating together and carried by mechanism forming an
organized part of such machine and controlled in its operation by alternating-
currents supplied to the machine, means for supplying alternating currents to such
rectifying devices, means for supplying such alternating currents so rectified, by
such rectifying devices, to such armature or to such field, such rectifying devices.
located in series with the windings on such armature or on such field, and con-
stituting means for rectifying such alternating currents independent of the rate of
relative rotation between such armature and field.
32. In an alternating current machine, in combination with the armature and'
field thereof, current directing devices for supplying such alternating currents to
windings on one of such elements of armature or field, constituting means for
producing, in said one of such elements, magnetic poles which shall remain constant.
in sign for all rates of relative rotation between such armature and such field.
33. In an alternating current machine, in combination with the armature and.
field thereof,'current directing devices for supplying such alternating currents to
windings on such armature and on such field, constituting means for producing in.
such armature and in such field magnetic poles which shall remain constant in sign
for all rates of relative rotation between such armature and such field.
34. In an alternating current machine, in combination with the two elements.
constituting the armature and field thereof, current directing devices for supplying
such alternating currents to the windings on one of such elements of armature or
field, constituting means for producing, in said one of such elements, magnetic
poles or series of poles, rotatively progressing therein at a fixed and uniform rate,.
at all times and for all speeds of relative mechanical rotation between such
elements.
35. In an alternating current machine, in combination with the two elemeats.
constituting the armature and field thereof, current directing devices for supplying
such alternating currents to the windings on such armature or on such field, con-
stituting means for producing in one of such elements magnetic poles or series of
poles, maintaining, at all times and for all speeds of relative mechanical rotation.
between such armature and field, such a relation to any given point in the periphery
of such other element, as shall constitute a relative synchronous mechanical rotation
between such magnetic poles or series of poles and such given point.
36. In an alternating current machine, in combination with the two elements
constituting the armature and field thereof, current directing devices for supplying
such alternating currents to the windings on such armature and on such field,
constituting means for produciug in one of such elements, magnetic poles or series.
of poles, maintaining, at all times and for all speeds of relative mechanical rotation
between such armature and field, such a rate of progression, relative to any given
point in said one of such elements, as shall constitute the difference between the
actual rate and a synchronous rate of mechanical rotation of such other element.
37. In a machine for use with alternating currents, in combination with the
armature and field thereof, current directing devices for supplying such alternating
currents to windings on such armature and on such field, constituting means for
producing magnetic poles or series of poles in such armature and in such field, such
imagnetic poles or series of poles, in either one or both of such elements, rotatively
progressing at such a rate, that, for all relative rates of mechaical rotation between.
such elements, the united rates of rotative progression of the magnetic poles 'or-

page_text: series of poles in each of such elements, relative to a fixed point outside of such
elements, shall be equal to a synchronous rate of advance or progression.
38. Two magnetically separate and distinct series of field magnets, mechanically
united, and each energized by alternating currents of different phase, two
magnetically separate and distinct armatures located in operative relation to such
magnets, mechanically united, and wound with insulated wire, and means for
supplying to the windings on each of such armatures rectified currents from both
of such alternating currents of different phase.
39. Two magnetically separate and distinct series of field magnets, mechanically
united, and each energized by alternating currents of different phase, two magneti-
cally separate and distinct armatures, located in operative relation to such magnets,
mechanically united, and wound with insulated wire, and means for supplying to
the windings on each of such armatures rectified currents from both of such
alternating currents of different phase, and for maintaining between the poles
produced thereby and those produced in such fields by such alternating currents
a constant angular relation.
40. Two magnetically separate and distinct series of field magnets, mechanically
united, and each energized by alternating currents of different phase, two magneti-
cally separate and distinct armatures, located in operative relation to such magnets,
mechanically united, and wound with insulated wire, means for supplying to the
windings on each of such armatures rectified currents from both of such alternating
currents of different phase, means for rectifying such alternating currents consisting
in devices carried by such field magnets and still another armature, or other arma-
tures located in operative relation thereto, and means for establishing and
maintaining between such field magnets and such last named armature or armatures,
located in operative relation thereto, a relative synchronous rotation.
41. Two magnetically separate and distinct series of field-magnets, mechanically
united, and each energized by alternating currents of different phase, two magneti-
cally separate and distinct armatures, located in operative relation to such magnets,
mechanically united, and wound with insulated wire, means for supplying to the
windings on each of such armatures rectified currents from both of such alternating
currents of different phase, means for rectifying such alternating currents consisting
in devices, carried by such field magnets and a third element, co-operating together,
and means for establishing and maintaining between such field magnets and such
third element, a relative synchronous rotation.
42. In combination with one element consisting in two or more series of magnets,
each series energized by alternating currents of different phase, a second element
and means for establishing and maintaining a relative synchronous rotation between
such first and second elements, rectifying devices carried by such elements
co-operating together, brushes carried by such second clement supplying direct
currents, from such rectifying devices, to the windings on a third element through
the sections of a commutator, connected thereto and upon which such brushes are
arranged to bear.
43. In combination with one element consisting in two or more series of magnets,
each series energized by alternating currents of different phase, rectifying devices
for each of such alternating currents of different phase, carried in part by such
element and by a second element co-operating together, means for establishing and
maintaining a relative synchronous rotation between such first and second elements,
and means for supplying such alternating currents to such rectifying devices,
brushes carried by such second element and supplying direct currents from such
rectifying devices to the windings on a third element, located in operative relation
to such first named element, through the sections of a commutator connected there-
with and upon which such brushes are arranged to bear.
44. In combination with one element consisting in two or more series of magnets,
each series energized by alternating currents of different phase, another element
located in operative relation thereto, rectifying devices carried in part by such first
named element and by a third element co-operating therewith, means for establishing

page_text: and maintaining a relative synchronous rotation between such first named element
and such third element, means for supplying direct currents from such rectifying
devices to the windings on the second element, and for producing therein magnetic
poles bearing a constant angular relation to those rotatively set up in such first
named element, for all rates of relative rotation between such first and second
elements.
45. In combination with the armature of a multiphase alternating current
machine, rectifying devices for each alternating current of different phase,
co-operating together and carried by mechanism controlled in its operation by
such alternating currents of different phase supplied to such machine and forming
an organized part of such machine, means fer supplying such alternating currents
of different phase to such rectifying devices, means for supplying to the armature
or armatures of such machine such alternating currents of different phase rectified
by such rectifying devices located in series with such armature or armatures.
46. In an alternating current machine, an element consisting in a field having
rotatively progressing magnetic poles produced therein, an armature located in
operative relation thereto and wound with insulated wire, rectifying devices carried
by such first named element and co-operating with others carried by a third element,
means for maintaining a relative synchronous rotation between such first and such
third named elements, and means for supplying such alternating currents to such
rectifying devices and for supplying such alternating currents, rectified thereby,
to the windings on such armature and thereby producing therein magnetic p·les
bearing a fixed angular relation to such rotatively progressing magnetic poles, for
any and all rates of relative rotation between such armature and field.
47. In an alternating current machine, an ele nent consisting in a field having
rotatively progressing magnetic poles, advancing at a synchronous rate, produced
therein, an armature located in operative relation thereto and wound with insulated
wire, rectifying devices carried by such first named element and co-operating with
others carried by a third element, means for maintaining a relative synchronous
rotation between such first and such third named elements, and means for supplying
such alternating currents to such rectifying devices and for supplying such
alternating currents, rectified thereby, to the windings on such armature and
thereby producing therein magnetic poles rotatively progressing in such armature
at a rate which shall constitute the difference between the actual relative rotation
between such arinature and field and a synchronous rate of relative rotation between
such armature and field.
48. In combination with the armature and field of an electric machine and means
for producing in one of such elements rotatively progressing magnetic poles,
advancing at a synchronous rate, current directing devices constituting means for
supplying alternating currents to the windings on the other one of such elements
and thereby producing therein magnetic poles that, for any and all rates of relative
mechanical rotation between such elements, shall remain constant in sign and shall
rotatively progress in such other one of such elements at a rate which shall
constitute the difference between the actual relative rotation between such elements
and a synchronous rate of relative rotation between such elements.
49. In combination with the armature and field of an electric machine and means
for producing in one of such elements rotatively progressing magnetic poles, current
directing devices, constituting means for supplying alternating currents to the
windings on the other one of such elements and thereby producing therein magnetic
poles that shall, for any and all rates of relative rotation between such elements,
remain constant in sign and bear a fixed angular relation to such rotatively
progressing magnetic poles.
50. In an electric machine, a compound element, one of the component parts of
which is located in operative relation to a second element and constituting therewith
the armature and field of a motor proper, the other component part of such
compound element located in operative relation to a third element and constituting
therewith the armature and field of a motor generator, electric conductors
P

page_text: constituting a winding on one of such motor generator elements independent of
any winding supplied with electric currents for producing magnetic poles in such
motor generator element, means, independent of relative rotation between such
motor elements, for maintaining a relative rotation between such motor generator
elements, such generative winding connected in series with the windings on one of
such motor elements.
51. In an electric machine, a compound element, one of the component parts of
which is located in operative relation to a second element and constituting there with
the armature and field of a motor proper, the other component part of such
compound element located in operative relation to a third element and constituting
therewith the armature and field of a motor generator, electric conductors
constituting a winding on one of such motor generator elements independent of
any winding supplied with electric currents for producing magnetic poles in such
motor generator element, means, independent of relative rotation between such
motor elements, for inducing electric currents in such generative winding,
such generative winding connected in series with the windings on one of such
motor elements.
52. In an electric machine, a compound element, one of the component parts of
which is located in operative relation to a second element and constituting therewith
the armature and field of a motor proper, the other component part of such
compound element located in operative relation to a third element and constituting
therewith the armature and field of a motor generator, electric conductors
constituting a winding on one of such motor generator elements independent of
any winding supplied with electric currents for producing magnetic poles in such
motor generator element, means, independent of relative rotation between such
motor elements, for maintaining a relative rotation between such motor generator
elements, and means for supplying the electric currents induced in such generative
winding to windings on one of such motor elements and thereby producing therein
magnetic poles bearing a constant angular relation to those in the other one of such
motor elements.
53. In an electric machine, a compound element, one of the component parts of
which is located in operative relation to a second element and constituting
therewith the armature and field of a motor proper, the other component part of
such compound element located in operative relation to a third element and
constituting therewith the armature and field of a motor generator, electric
conductors constituting a winding on one of such motor generator elements
independent of any winding supplied with electric currents for producing magnetic
poles in such motor generator element, means, independent of relative rotation
between such motor elements, for maintaining a relative rotation between such
motor generator elements, and means for supplying the electric currents induced in
such generative winding to windings on each of such motor elements and thereby
producing in each of such motor elements magnetic poles bearing a constant
angular relation to those in the other.
54. In an electric machine, a compound element, one of the component parts of
which is located in operative relation to a second element and constituting
therewith the armature and field of a motor proper, the other component part of
such compound element located in operative relation to a third element and
constituting therewith the armature and field of a motor generator, electric
conductors constituting a winding on one of such motor generator elements
independent of any winding supplied with electric currents for producing magnetic
poles in such motor generator element, means, independent of relative rotation
between such motor elements, for inducing electric currents in such generative
winding, and means for supplying the electric currents induced in such generative
winding to windings on one of such motor elements and thereby producing therein
magnetic poles bearing a constant angular relation to those in the other one of such
motor elements.
55. In an electric machine, a compound element, one of the component parts of

page_text: which is located in operative relation to a second element and constituting there with
the armature and field of a motor proper, the other component part of such
compound element located in operative relation to a third element and constituting
therewith the armature and field of a motor generator, electric conductors
constituting a winding on one of such motor generator elements independent of
any winding supplied with electric currents for producing magnetic poles in such
motor generator element, means, independent of relative rotation between such
motor elements, for inducing electric currents in such generative winding, and
means for supplying the electric currents induced in such generative winding to
windings on each of such motor elements and thereby producing in each of such
motor elements magnetic poles bearing a constant angular relation to those in the
other.
56. Three elements, two of them revolvable relatively to and independently of
each other, two of such elements located in operative relation to each other and
constituting an armature and field, a third element located in operative relation to
a magnetic mass constituting or carried by one of such elements of armature and
field, means; controlled by a relative rotation between such armature and field, for
maintaining in such third element and in such magnetic mass magnetic poles.
maintaining to each other a practically uniform relation and rotatively progressing
in either one or both of such third element and magnetic mass, independent of
relative rotation between such third element and magnetic mass.
57. Three elements, two of them revolvable relatively to and independently of
each other, two of such elements located in operative relation to each other and
constituting an armature and field, a third element located in operative relation to
a magnetic mass constituting or carried by one of such elements of armature and
field, means, controlled by the relative rotation between such armature and field,
for maintaining in such third element and in such magnetic mass magnetic poles
constant in sign and maintaining to each other a practically uniform relation and
rotatively progressing in either one or both of such third element and magnetic
mass, independent of relative rotation between such third element and magnetic
mass.
58. Three elements, two of them revolvable relatively to and independently of
each other, two of such elements located in operative relation to each other and
constituting an armature and field, a third element located in operative relation to
a inagnetic mass constituting or carried by one of such elements of armature and
field, a commutator connected to windings on one of such elements of armature and
field, a commutator connected to the windings on such magnetic mass, a commutator
connected to the windings on such third element, brushes carried by the other one
of such elements of armature and field and bearing on such commutators and
supplying electric currents to the windings connected thereto.
59. The within described method of operating alternating current motors
consisting in supplying the energy from alternating current mains or feeders,
through devices controlled by a relative synchronous rotation between one of the
elements of such motor and a third element, in such a way as to produce in the
armature and field of such motor magnetic poles constant in sign and bearing a
fixed angular relation to each other independent of relative rotation between the
armature and field of such motor.
60. The within described construction for an electric machine consisting in the
operative elements therefor, constructed, arranged and operating in the manner
and for the purpose substantially as shown and described.
Dated the 2nd das of March 1907
PHILIP M. JUSTICE,
55 & 56 Chancery Lane, London, Chartered Patent Agent,
For the Applicant.