IMPROVEMENTS IN CUTTING NIPPERS
Year: 1884

page_text: "
I, WILLIAM LLOYD WISE of No 46 Lincoln's Inn Fields in the County of
Middlesex, Consulting Engineer and Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature
of said invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN CUTTING NIPPERS (a communication
to me from abroad by Apoléoni Pierre Préterre of Paris, France) to be as
follows:-
This invention relates to an improved cutting instrument resembling a pair of
pincers with cutting edges the characteristic feature of which is the peculiar
arrangement of these cutting edges which are differently formed to those of cutting
nippers as heretofore used and for which the improved instrument is designed as a
substitute. This instrument although capable of being used for cutting various
kinds of material and for the excision of fleshy growths in surgical operations,
more particularly applicable for cutting off pieces from wooden pins such as are met
with in dentistry, in the manufacture of artificial teeth, or of regulating pieces.
In nippers heretofore used for that purpose the cutting faces have been arranged
in a common plane in the jaw of the instrument and thus have acted by
compression.
In the improved instrument the cutting faces have inclines sloping in opposite
directions, these faces being superposed or arranged to move over one another as
the instrument is being closed and consequently acting in a similar manner to a
pair of ordinary scissors. Moreover, the cutting faces are made in the form of a
crescent, in such a manner that the part requiring excision may be at once incised
by the instrument upon every point of its periphery thus obviating the deforming
of the piece to be severed and producing a plane cut surface.
A leading advantage resulting from the employment of the improved instrument
is that it enables a part to be cut clean, without being crushed or nipped, a defect
attending the use of cutting nippers as heretofore manufactured as in such nippers
the cutters have been situated as already stated in one plane. The improved
instrument likewise allows of dispensing with the use of saws, which are inefficient
in their action both as regards their mode of operation and the time expended
in accomplishing the work. Whilst the instrument may as already indicated be

page_text: employed for a variety of purposes, I shall in describing their construction merely
indicate their use in connection with wooden pins such as generally project beyond
the moulds used in surgical dentistry and serve to consolidate the same.
In order to make the invention fully understood, I have shewn in Fig. 1 an
elevation of the instrument with the jaws closed. Fig. 2 is an elevation, to an
enlarged scale, of the jaws. Fig. 3 is an end view of the instrument. Fig. 4 is an
elevation and Fig. 5 a view at right angles thereto of a modified arrangement of the
instrument. Like letters of reference indicate corresponding parts throughout the
figures.
a and b are the two handles or crossed levers of the pincers which may be provided
with grooves crossing each other thus producing a roughened surface to facilitate a
firm grip of the handles; these two levers terminate, beyond their articulation in
two bent arms c and d the extreme ends of which are formed with two surfaces
respectively e and sloping in different directions and which as the jaws are closed
gradually overlap each other with such an amount of friction as is produced in
closing the blades of an ordinary pair of scissors. As shewn in Figs. 2 and 3 these
sloping surfaces are made at the edges in the shape of a crescent, in such a manner
as to shear the pin subjected to their action, by incising it simultaneously at
practically all points of its circumference, so that the shearing gives a clean cut and
does not produce crushing or nipping such as attends the use of cutting nippers as
heretofore employed.
The instrument shewn in Figs. 4 and 5 has the same characteristic feature as
that just above described with reference to Fig. 1 that is to say, it is likewise
provided with jaws having cutting and sloping faces that overlap each other with a
certain amount of friction when the jaws are being closed, and serves in the same
manuer as oblique cutting nippers heretofore used to excise the projecting ends of
pins in places which could not be reached with straight nippers.
With an instrument according to this invention there is not the same liability,
as with others, to loosen pins that are being severed and thus to cause them to be
unintentionally removed.
Dated this 22nd day of November 1884
W. LLOYD WISE,
Per F. J. Brougham.

page_text: I, WILLIAM LLOYD WISE, of N° 46 Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the County of
Middlesex, Consulting Engineer and Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature
of said invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN CUTTING NIPPERS" (a communication to
me from abroad by Apoléoni Pierre Pretérre of Paris, France,) and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement :-
This invention relates to an improved cutting instrument resembling a pair of
pincers with cutting edges the characteristic feature of which is the peculiar
arrangement of these cutting edges which are differently formed to those of cutting
nippers as heretofore used and for which the improved instrument is designed as a
substitute.
This instrument although capable of being used for cutting various kinds of
material and for the excision of fleshy growths in surgical operations, is more
particularly applicable for cutting off pieces from wooden pins, such as are employed
in dentistry in the manufacture of artificial teeth or of regulating pieces, and also
for cutting any kind of wooden pieces used in any industrial operation, such as
chair or table legs for instance. In nippers or apparatus heretofore used for these
purposes the cutting faces have been arranged in a common plane in the jaw of the
instrument and thus have acted by compression.
In the improved instrument the cutting faces have inclines sloping in opposite
directions, these faces being superposed or arranged to move over one another as
the instrument is being closed and consequently acting in a similar manner to a
pair of ordinary scissors. Moreover the cutting faces are made in the form of a
crescent, in such a manner that the part requiring excision may be at once incised
by the instrument upon every point of its periphery thus obviating the deforming
of the piece to be severed and producing a plane cut surface.
A leading advantage resulting from the employment of the improved instrument
is that it enables a part to be cut clean, without being crushed or nipped, a defect
attending the use of cutting nippers heretofore manufactured as in such nippers the
cutters have been situated as already stated in one plane. The improved instru-
ment likewise allows of dispensing with the use of saws, which are inefficient in
their action both as regards their mode of operation and the time expended in
accomplishing the work. Whilst the instruments may as already indicated be
employed for a variety of purposes, I shall in describing their construction merely
indicate their use in connection with wooden pins such as generally project beyond
the moulds used in surgical dentistry and serve to consolidate the same and to their
use for cutting large pieces of wood or other material.
In order to make the invention fully understood, I have shewn in Fig. 1 an
elevation of the instrument with the jaws closed. Fig. 2 is an elevation, to an
enlarged scale, of the jaws. Fig. 3 is an end view of the instrument. Fig. 4 is an
elevation and Fig. 5 a view at right angles thereto of a modified arrangement of
the instrument. Fig. 6 shows an elevation of a part of the jaws of a cutting
apparatus made according to this invention. Fig. 7 shows a cross section through
the line 1-2 in Fig. 6.

page_text: The same letters of reference are used to indicate like parts throughout the
figures.
3.
In Figs. 1 to 5, a and b are the two handles or crossed levers of the pincers which
may be chequered (provided with grooves crossing each other, thus producing
roughened surface) to facilitate a firm grip of the handles; these two levers
terminate beyond their articulation in two bent arms c and d the extreme ends of
which are formed with two surfaces respectively e and f sloping in different
directions and which as the jaws are closed, gradually overlap each other with an
amount of friction such as is produced in closing the blades of an ordinary pair of
scissors. As shown in Figs. 2 and 3 these sloping surfaces are made at the edges
in the shape of a crescent, in such a manner as to shear the pin subjected to their
action, by incising it simultaneously at practically all points of its circumference,
so that the shearing gives a clean cut and does not produce crushing or nipping
such as attends the use of cutting nippers as heretofore employed.
The instrument shewn in Figs. 4 and 5 has the same characteristic feature as that
just above described with reference to Fig. 1, that is to say, it is likewise provided
with jaws having cutting and sloping faces that overlap each other with a certain
amount of friction, when the jaws are being closed, and serves in the same manner
as oblique cutting nippers beretofore used to excise the projecting ends of pius in
places which could not be reached with straight nippers.
With an instrument according to this invention there is not the same liability, as
with others, to loosen pins that are being severed and thus to cause them to be
unintentionally removed.
In Figs. 6 and 7, c and d are the blades or cutters of a cutting instrument or
apparatus intended to cut large pieces of wood such as rollers, table feet and other
articles. e and fare the crescent like sloping edges of the cutters.
The action of this apparatus is similar to the action of the above described
nippers. One of the cutters or both, are moved in the necessary direction by any
suitable mechanism. The cutters may be circular and similar to the jaws of the
nippers Figs. 1 to 5 instead of being flat as shown in Figs. 6 and 7.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed as communicated to
me by my Foreign Correspondent I declare that what I claim is
1. In a cutting instrument or apparatus of the kind referred to above the use of
two cutting blades having surfaces inclined in opposite directions and provided
with cutting edges having the form of crescents the arrangement and operation
being substantially such as hereinabove described and illustrated.
2. The improved cutting or nipping instrument with handles or levers a b, bent
arms c. d, inclined surfaces e. f and cutting crescent-like edges constructed arranged
and operating substantially as hereinabove described with reference to and illus-
trated in Figs. 1 to 5 of the drawings for the purposes set forth.
3. The use in a cutting instrument or apparatus of cutters constructed and
arranged as represented in and described with reference to Figs. 6 and 7 of the
drawings.