IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR DISTRIBUTING MANURE, SOWING OR DEPOSITING SEEDS, AND EFFECTING THE WORKING AND CULTIVATION OF LAND
Year: 1855

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Frederick Phillips, of the Hall Farm, Downham,
near Brandon, in the County of Suffolk, Land Agent, for the Invention
of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR DISTRIBUTING MANURE,
SOWING OR DEPOSITING SEEDS, AND EFFECTING THE WORKING AND CULTIVATION
OF LAND."
Sealed the 2nd October 1855, and dated the 2nd April 1855.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Frederick Phillips at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the.
2nd April 1855.
I, FREDERICK PHILLIPS, of the Hall Farm, Downham, near Brandon, in the
County of Suffolk, Land Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR DISTRIBUTING
MANURE, SOWING OR DEPOSITING SEEDS, & EFFECTING THE WORKING AND CULTI-
VATION OF LAND," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to an improved construction and arrangement of
machinery or apparatus for simplifying and expediting the operations of
harrowing, manuring, seeding, and ridgeing land, whether for root crops or
corn crops, or other purposes. The machine consists of a strong frame mounted

page_text: In
on wheels to be drawn by a horse or otherwise. On the upper side of the
said frame is a seed and manure box, and attached to the frame are levers,
either of wood or metal, which work freely on a joint at one end, and are
drawn up or let down at pleasure, at or near the other end, by means of chains
or other suitable apparatus operated upon by a crank or lever. Attached to
these levers are certain shoes or breasts, which, on being let down, work into
the soil, and form it into ridges, and the seed and manure being delivered
into the soil at the same time. The whole operation of harrowing, manuring,
ridging, and sowing is completed by a roller or rollers, slade or slades,
attached to or following the levers which carries the shoes or breasts.
front of these levers are other levers into which are inserted or attached
metal tines, somewhat similar to a three-pronged fork, excepting that the
middle prong, is either in advance or behind the other two, thus forming a
tripod. Any other number of tines or prongs may be substituted, or single
tines may be used, the intervals between such prongs or tines being greater or
less, as may be desired. These three-pronged or other tines or forks may be
so placed that one following behind another shall have the tines of the hinder
ones working in the intervals or spaces between the tines of the front ones;
and thus by these means the operation of harrowing or loosening the soil is
more effectually accomplished. The said levers and three-pronged or other
tines or forks may, if desirable, be formed into a separate implement for
harrowing, raking, or tilling the soil, working within a frame mounted on
wheels or otherwise, and operated upon by a lever or crank motion, by means
of chains or other suitable connecting apparatus.
The manure and seed box may be mounted, and then the machine may be
used for ridging land only, or the manure box may be removed or thrown out
of gear, and then it will sow without manuring. Or the shoes or breasts may
be removed, and hoes or tines substituted in their place, in which case the
implement or machine may be used as a horse hoe or grubber.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Frederick Phillips in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
2nd October 1855.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, FREDERICK
PHILLIPS, of the Hall Farm, Downham, near Brandon, in the County of
Suffolk, Land Agent, send greeting.

page_text: WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Second day of April, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and fifty-five, in the eighteenth year of Her reign,
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said
Frederick Phillips, Her special license that I, the said Frederick Phillips, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Frederick
Phillips, my executors, administrators, or assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the
term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR
APPARATUS FOR DISTRIBUTING MANURE, SOWING OR DEPOSITING SEEDS, AND EFFECTING
THE WORKING AND CULTIVATION OF LAND," upon the condition (amongst others)
that I, the said Frederick Phillips, by an instrument in writing under my
hand and seal, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the
said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause
the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Frederick Phillips, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement, reference being had to the accompanying Drawings, and to the
letters and figures marked thereon, that is to say:-
My said Invention relates to an improved construction and arrangement
of machinery or apparatus for simplifying and expediting the operations of
harrowing, manuring, seeding, and ridging land, whether for root crops or
corn crops, or other purposes. The machine consists of a strong frame
mounted on wheels, to be drawn by a horse or otherwise. On the upper side
of the said, frame is a seed and manure box, and attached to the frame are
levers, either of wood or metal, which work freely on a joint at one end, and
are drawn up or let down at pleasure, at or near the other end, by means of
chains or other suitable apparatus operated upon by a crank, windlass, or lever.
Attached to these levers are certain shoes or breasts, which on being let down
work into the soil, and form it into ridges, the seed and manure being delivered
into the soil at the same time. The whole operation of harrowing, manuring,
ridging, and sowing, is completed by a roller or rollers, slade or slades, which
are attached to or placed behind the levers which carry the shoes or breasts,
and serve to level or flatten slightly the tops of the ridges. In front of these
levers are other levers, into which are inserted or attached metal tines, some-

page_text: what similar to a three-pronged fork, excepting that the middle prong is
either in advance of or behind the other two, thus forming a tripod. Any
other number of tines or prongs may be substituted, or single tines may be
used, the intervals between such prongs or tines being greater or less as may
be found desirable. These three-pronged or other tines or forks may be so
placed that one following behind another shall work in the intervals or spaces
between the prongs of the front series, and thus by these means the operation
of harrowing or loosening the soil is more effectually accomplished than by
the ordinary existing harrows or rakes. The levers and three-pronged or
other tines or forks may, if found desirable, be formed into a separate
implement for harrowing, raking, or tilling the soil, such levers and tines
working within a frame mounted on wheels or otherwise, and operated upon by
a lever or crank motion, by means of chains or other suitable connecting
apparatus for raising or elevating the same.
Or
The manure and seed box may be unmounted and removed, and then the
machine may be used for ridging land only, or the manure box may be
removed or thrown out of gear, and then it will sow without manuring.
the shoes or breasts may be removed, and hoes or tines substituted in their
place, in which case the implement or inachine may be used as a horse hoe or
grubber.
And in order that my said Invention may be fully understood, I shall now
proceed particularly to describe the same, and for that purpose I shall refer to
the several Figures on the two Sheets of Drawings hereunto annexed, the same
letters of reference indicating corresponding parts throughout both Sheets of
Drawings.
Fig. 1 on Sheet 1 of my Drawings represents a side elevation of my
improved implement; Fig. 2 is a corresponding end or back elevation of the
same, the right-hand side of the drill being shown as fitted up for sowing corn
and manure, and the left-hand side for sowing seed and manure for root crops;
Fig. 3 is a corresponding plan of the same similarly arranged; and Fig. 4
represents a diagram plan, shewing the combined operations of the drill, and
the relative positions of the various working parts in the soil. A, A, are six"
levers arranged for sowing corn and manure. These levers are fitted with
small ridging shoes or breasts B, B, for covering up the seed and manure as
fast as they are deposited in the soil; C is the division between the seed
compartment D, and the manure compartment E, of the combined seed and
manure box F, shewn in sectional detail at Figs. 5, 6, and 7, on Sheet 2 of
my Drawings, which Figs. represent respectively a transverse section, longi-
tudinal section, and plan, of a portion of the seed and manure box; G is

page_text: a stirrer or feeder, having a motion in the direction of the length of the box,
or lateral to the length of the machine, such bar having upon its upper surface
double inclined projections with pointed summits and apertures downwards
between such projections.
By the motion of this bar G, the seed and manure is forced down the
adjustable apertures H into the receiving tins or pipes I, the seed and manure
being prevented from getting down behind the sides of the stirrers G by the
shields or plates G, G', which are fixed inside the box F for that purpose.
These apertures H may be enlarged or diminished at pleasure, according to
the amount of seed and manure to be delivered by means of the two regulating
bars J, J, shewn more clearly in the details, Figs. 5 and 6. These bars slide
over each other, and may be set to any required opening by the quadrants K,
with which they are connected by the short links L, as shewn at Fig. 2. These
quadrants may be fixed in any required position by the thumb screws M.
Immediately beneath these regulating bars is a third bar N, also having aper-
tures in it, through which the seed and manure fall, but which by means of a
lever O (Fig. 1) is made to shut off the delivery of seed and manure alto-
gether. The seed and manure, upon leaving the seed and manure box F, fall
into the receiving tins I, whence they are respectively led by the conducting
pipes P, P', to the ground, and are either deposited into a drill mark formed
by the coulter Q, or otherwise, placed in the soil; but in any case the manure
is first mixed with the soil before the seed falls on to it, by means of a piece of
chain R, forming a loop and trailing upon the soil, or by any other suitable
contrivance. Soon after the seed and manure reach the soil they are covered
up, if for root crops, by the large iron shoes or breasts S, or by the small
breasts B, B, if for corn crops, worked by the levers T and A. The levers A
for sowing corn, and the levers T for sowing root crops, are respectively repre-
sented in detail, side elevation, and plan, at Figs. 8 and 9, 10 and 11,
(Sheet 2). They are attached at one end to a bar of metal or wood U, sus-
pended under the axletree of the main carrying wheels, and are jointed thereto
at V, so as to enable them to work freely in a vertical direction. The other
end of each of these levers is passed through a guide loop W, attached to the
under side of the bar X. These levers may or may not be weighted at their
extremities, as found most expedient. The bar X is suspended by chains Y,
or other suitable means, from a roller Z, worked by the handles a, and fitted
with a ratchet wheel and detent b, by which means the whole of the levers may
be at once raised or lowered at pleasure. The shoes or breasts S, on being let
down into the soil, raise sufficient of it to cover the seed and manure, and at
the same time form the land into ridges. Between these shoes or breasts, and

page_text: attached to the bar X, are drags or rollers c, when sowing root crops, which
operate upon the tops of the ridges formed by the shoes or breasts, and partly
level them, so as to make them flat in place of sharp ridges. When the drill
is used for sowing corn crops, a small furrow or drill is formed by the coulter
Q, and the shoes or breasts are put together in pairs, as shewn at B, B; but in
sowing root crops the coulters may be dispensed with, as the seed will not
require to be so deep in the soil. A greater number of seed and manure
apertures will be employed in sowing corn than in sowing root crops, and there
must also of course be a correspondingly larger number of conducting tins,
levers, and drags in the one case than in the other. The number which I
consider best for a crop of roots is four, and for a crop of corn twelve, across
the whole length of the drill. In front of the seed and manure box F is
another box or tank d, for holding water, liquid manure, or other liquids, to be
delivered to the soil at the time the seeds are sown. It is provided with cocks
e, which can be simultaneously turned on or shut off by a rod f, connecting the
levers g of the cocks, which are acted upon by the lever handle h and shaft i.
On opening the cocks, the water or other liquid is delivered into the conduct-
ing tins or pipes j, through which the liquid flows on to the soil. These tins
or pipes are held in their places by suitable keeps k, fixed to the bar U. The
tank may be used or not, as found desirable; it is suspended at each end by
pivots l, resting on brackets or supports m, fixed to the main framing of the
machine. Two iron bars n are jointed at o at each side of the drill to the main
framing, proceeding from the front to the back of the drill. They are secured
by bolts or otherwise to the bar U, and also to the bar X, which on being
raised by the chains and windlass, herein-before referred to, will raise the bars
n and everything attached to them. To these bars n are attached a number of
levers p, by a bolt or rod q, on which they work freely, forming a lever harrow,
which I call a fertilizing lever harrow. The number of these levers and their
distance apart may be varied at pleasure, according to circumstances; but an
inch and a quarter between each lever will be found a convenient distance.
Each of these levers carries a shank with three tines or prongs r, shewn in
detail at Fig. 12 (Sheet 2), the middle tine being either in advance of or
behind the two others; the shanks with their tines or prongs are so arranged
that every alternate lever has its shank with tines in advance of that next to it.
Six inches will be found a suitable distance for this advance. In order to
bring the work of this harrow close up to the main supporting wheels, the out-.
side lever at each end may carry a shank with five or more tines or prongs in
place of three only, so that the tines may extend from the sides of the two out-
side or end levers, and work close up to the wheels. The relative positions

page_text: of the several tines will be clearly understood on referring to the diagram plan,
Fig. 4, where it will be seen that each tine of each series is placed opposite the
'intervening spaces between the tines of the other series; that is to say, no two
tines are in the same track with each other. These levers p are raised or
lowered by two or more chains s attached to the bar t, with which each lever is
connected by a chain u of its own. These chains s pass over the roller v, and
thence proceed to the roller Z, to which they are secured and by which the
levers p may be raised or lowered. The arrangement of tines and levers
above described may be modified by placing one tine or more on the levers,
or attaching them thereto in such a manner as to have some of the tines or
prongs in advance of or behind the others. I propose also to use such further
modification as may arise from placing two or more bars together, and attach-
ing tines or prongs to them in any other direction than in one straight row or
line at right angles to such bars or levers, the tines being all so arranged that
no two tines are in the same track. I propose also to employ a combination
of bars or other means of attaching tines or prongs, so as to form a series of
them, some in advance of or behind others, and operating as single levers or
lever frames, or plates working on gudgeons or centres, or any other suitable
means.
A longitudinal motion is imparted to the sliding stirrer or feeder G in the
seed and manure box F (Figs. 1 and 2), by a spur wheel w, fitted on to the
nave of one of the main supporting wheels w¹. This spur wheel w gears into
a corresponding wheel x, working loose on a stud attached to one end of the
seed and manure box F, and having on its inner face a number of teeth y,
which gear into a pinion z fast on the end of a short crank shaft 1. A rod 2.1
connecting the longitudinal moving stirrer or feeder C with the crank on the
shaft 1 imparts a longitudinal sliding and reciprocating motion to the stirrer.
The seed and manure box F may be thrown out of gear when requisite by
raising the end carrying the spur wheel a, by means of the lever handle F¹.
A pair of guide bars F11 is secured to the end of the box F, and passes through
the main framing of the machine. The bars F" serve to support the moveable
end of the box F at any desired height, according to the size of driving gearing
used by means of stop pins passed through holes made for that purpose in the
lower ends of the bars. Another mode by which this longitudinal motion may
be effected is by substituting a metal feeder or stirrer G, suspended by slings 3
from metal brackets 4 in the ends of the seed and manure box F, as shewn in
the detail longitudinal section and plan at Figs. 13 and 14, the bar G being
worked from the crank shaft 1 by a connecting rod, as herein-before described.
If found desirable, a reciprocating motion may be imparted to the box F only,

page_text: or both the box F and stirrer G may be made to work laterally to the length
of the machine.
I shall now proceed to describe another mode of delivering the seed and
manure from the box F, which may be effected by substituting a transverse
sliding and reciprocating motion for the motion herein-before described. In
this arrangement the stirrer or slider G (Fig. 15) is worked by a transverse
crank shaft 5, which may be driven from the spur wheel w (Figs. 1 and 2), a
suitable spur wheel being keyed on to the end of the shaft 5, and gearing into
the wheel w.
Another mode of delivering the seed and manure from the box F consists
in employing a pair of fluted or plain revolving rollers 6, grooved circum-
ferentially, shewn in the details, Figs. 16, 17, and 18, which represent respec-
tively a transverse section, a longitudinal section, and plan, of the seed and
manure box F. These rollers 6 work inside the seed and manure box, and
motion is communicated to them by the pinions 7, which are keyed on to their
extremities, and receive motion from the spur wheel w, herein-before referred
to. Opposite to the grooves in these rollers, and in the sides of the box F
are the adjustable apertures 8, through which the seed and manure fall, the
apertures being enlarged or diminished by the slides 9 fitted with set screws 10
for fixing them in any desired position. A set of scrapers or cleaners 11 fixed
to the inside of the box F, and working into the grooves of the rollers 6,
serve to keep them from being clogged.
I may here observe that I wish it to be distinctly understood that I do not
confine or restrict myself to the performing of the several operations of ridging,
seeding, manuring, watering, and harrowing at one and the same time, and by
one single combined machine or implement; but that I reserve to myself the
right of effecting any one or more of the above operations separately, if required,
and of disintegrating the machine, so as to form separate machines with framing
and wheels of their own, and performing their particular operations as distinct
machines or implements; or two or more of the separate operations may be
combined in one machine, as found desirable, and have a distinct designation;
as, for example, a "ridging drill" when that part only is used, or a "ridging,
seeding, and manuring drill" when those operations are combined, or a "lever
harrow" when that part only is employed, and so on, according as more or
fewer parts or combinations of parts are used.
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of my said
Invention, and the manner in which the same is or may be used or carried into
effect, I would observe, in conclusion, that I do not confine or restrict myself
to the precise details or arrangements which I have had occasion to describe

page_text: or refer to, as many variations may be made therefrom without deviating from
the principles or main features of my said Invention; but what I consider to
be novel and original, and therefore claim as the Invention secured to me by
the herein-before in part recited Letters Patent, is,―
First, the general construction and arrangement of machinery or apparatus
for distributing manure, sowing or depositing seeds, and effecting the working
or cultivation of land, whether any one machine be restricted to the apparatus
required for one operation, or the apparatus is made capable of effecting two
or more operations conjointly, as herein-before described.
Second, the peculiar constructions and arrangements of seed and manure
boxes and apparatus connected therewith, for conveying seed and manure to
the ground, and regulating the feed, as herein-before described.,
Third, the application and use of the ridging shoes or breasts, in the manner
and for the purpose herein-before described.
Fourth, the peculiar constructions and arrangements of lever rakes or har-
rows, and tines or prongs used therewith, for harrowing or disintegrating the
soil, as herein-before described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Frederick Phillips, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this First day of October, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-five.
TDSATTYAZY
ר 0
FREDERICK PHILLIPS.
(L.B.)

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, FREDERICK
WILLIAM PHILLIPS, of the Hall Farm, Downham, near Brandon, in the
County of Suffolk, Gentleman, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, under the Great Seal of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Ireland, bearing date the Second day of April, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and fifty-five, in the eighteenth year of Her reign,
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto Frederick
Phillips, Her special license, that be, the said Frederick Phillips, his executors,
administrators, and assigns, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise
and vend his Invention, which is therein described by a title in these words,
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR DISTRIBUTING MANURE,
SOWING OR DEPOSITING SEEDS, AND EFFECTING THE WORKING AND CULTIVATION
OF LAND," and which said title is intended to be hereby altered so as to be in
these words, "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS POR EFFECTING THE
WORKING AND CULTIVATION OF LAND," within the said United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands and Isle of Man, during the term of

page_text: fourteen years, thence next ensuing, upon the condition (amongst others)
that he, the said Frederick Phillips, by an instrument in writing under his
hand and seal, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause
the same instrument to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six
calendar months next after the date of the said Letters Patent:
And whereas he, the said Erederick Phillips, in pursuance of the said con-
dition in the said Letters Patent contained, did by a Specification, being an
instrument in writing under his hand and seal, particularly describe and
ascertain the nature of his said Invention, and in what manner the same is
to be performed, and did cause the same to be filed in the said Great Seal
Patent Office on the Second day of October, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and fifty-five:
And whereas the said Frederick Phillips departed this life on or about the
Nineteenth day of April One thousand eight hundred and fifty-seven, having
first duly made and published his last will and testament in writing, bearing
date the Sixth day of February One thousand eight hundred and forty-one,
whereby the said testator appointed his wife, Sarah Phillips, together with
John Paul and Thomas Dennis Paul, executrix and executors of that his
will:
And whereas the said Sarah Phillips and John Paul severally departed this
life in the lifetime of the said testator, and the said Thomas Dennis Paul duly
renounced probate of the said will:
And whereas letters of administration, with the will of the said testator
annexed, were duly granted to me, the said Frederick William Phillips, by,
Her Majesty's Court of Probate, on the Ninth day of March One thousand
eight hundred and fifty-eight:
And whereas the said letters of administration were duly entered in the
Register of Proprietors kept at the Office appointed for filing Specifications
in Chancery, that is to say, in the Great Seal Patent Office on or about the
Eighth day of July One thousand eight hundred and fifty-eight:
And whereas I, the said Frederick William Phillips, have been advised
that those parts of the said Invention which are herein after disclaimed are of
much less utility than they were deemed to possess when the said Letters
Patent were obtained; and also that it is doubtful whether the claims of
Invention contained in the said Specification are not more extensive than was
intended when the said Specification was prepared and filed; and for those
reasons I am desirous of making, entering, and filing the Disclaimer and
Memorandum of Alteration herein-after expressed and contained.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, THEREFORE, that I, the said Frederick William
Phillips, by and with the leave of Sir FitzRoy Kelly, Knight, Her Majesty's
Attorney-General, and for the reasons aforesaid do hereby disclaim the words
"distributing manure, sowing or depositing seeds, and" contained in the
title of the said Invention, so that the said title, as hereby altered, shall be
in these words "Improvements in Machinery or Apparatus for Effecting tho
Working and Cultivation of Land."
66
And further know ye, that by and with the leave aforesaid, and for the reasons
aforesaid I do hereby disclaim the several parts of the said Specification herein-
after set forth (that is to say) I disclaim the word "operations," and do hereby
alter the said Specification by inserting therein in lieu of the said word lastly
herein-before disclaimed the word "operation," and I also disclaim the words
manuring, seeding, and ridging" which occur near to the commencement of
the description of the said Invention; I also disclaim these words "on the upper
"side of the said fráme is a seed and manure box, and" and also the words
following "either of wood or metal, which work freely on a joint at one end;
"and are drawn up or let down at pleasure, at or near the other end by
"means of chains or other suitable apparatus operated upon by a crank,
"windlass, or lever. Attached to these levers are certain shoes or breasts,
"which on being let down work into the soil and form it into ridges, the seed
"and manure being delivered into the soil at the same time. The whole
"operation of harrowing, manuring, ridging and sowing is completed by a
"roller or rollers, slade or slades, which are attached to or placed behind
"the levers which carry the shoes or breasts, and serve to level or flatten
slightly the tops of the ridges. In front of these levers are other levers."
And I hereby alter the said Specification by inserting therein the words
more than three." I also disclaim these words, "or single tines may be
"used." I also disclaim these words, "tines or," and also the words "tines
or," and also the words "may, if found desirable, be formed into a sepa-
. rate;"
;" and I hereby alter the said Specification by inserting therein in lieu
of the words lastly herein-before disclaimed the words following, "will form
"an." I also disclaim these words, "the manure and seed box may be
"unmounted and removed, and then the machine may be used for ridging
"land only, or the manure box may be removed or thrown out of gear, and
"then it will sow without manuring. Or the shoes or breasts may be
"removed and hoes or tines substituted in their place, in which case the
implement or machine may be used as a horse hoe or grubber." And I
hereby alter, the. said Specification by inserting therein the words "some of,"
and also the words, "which Drawings illustrate not only the undisclaimed
"

page_text: 66
"
"
"
part of my Invention but also the parts thereof which are above disclaimed,
".and now form no part of the Invention comprised in the said Letters
66 Patent." I also disclaim the words, letters, and figures following:-
Figure 1, on Sheet 1 of my Drawings, represents a side elevation of my
improved implement; Figure 2 is a corresponding end or back elevation of
"the same, the right-hand side of the drill being shewn as fitted up for
sowing corn and manure, and the left-hand side for sowing seed and
manure for root crops; Figure 3 is a corresponding plan of the same
similarly arranged; and Figure 4 represents a Diagram plan, shewing
the combined operations of the drill and the relative positions of the
"various working parts in the soil. A, A, are six levers arranged for
sowing corn and manure. These levers are fitted with small ridging shoes
"or breasts B, B, for covering up the seed and manure as fast as they are
deposited in the soil; C is the division between the seed compartment D
" and the manure compartment E of the combined seed and manure box F,
"shewn in sectional detail at Figures 5, 6, and 7, on Sheet 2 of my Drawings,
"which Figures represent respectively a transverse section, longitudinal
"section, and plan of a portion of the seed and manure box; G is a stirrer
or feeder, having a motion in the direction of the. length of the box, or
"lateral to the length of the machine, such bar having upon its upper surface
"double inclined projections with pointed summits, and apertures downwards
"between such projections." "By the motion of this bar G the seed and
"the manure is forced down the adjustable apertures H into the receiving
"tins or pipes I, the seed and manure being prevented from getting down
"behind the sides of the stirrers G by the shields or plates G, G¹, which are
"fixed inside the box F for that purpose. These apertures H may be
66
"
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enlarged or diminished at pleasure according to the amount of seed and
manure to be delivered by means of the two regulating bars J, J, shewn
more clearly in the details, Figure 5 and 6. These bars slide over each
"other, and may be set to any required opening by the quadrants K, with
"which they are connected by the short links L, as shewn at Figure 2.
"These quadrants may be fixed in any required position by the thumbscrews
"M. Immediately beneath these regulating bars is a third bar N, also
having apertures in it, through which the seed and manure fall, but which,
by means of a lever O, (Figure 1) is made to shut off the delivery of seed
"and manure altogether. The seed and manure, upon leaving the seed and
manure box F, fall into the receiving tins I, whence they are respectively
led by the conducting pipes P, P¹, to the ground, and are either deposited
into a drill mark formed by the coulter Q, or otherwise, placed in the soil;
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page_text: 6
66
"but in any case the manure is first mixed with the soil before the seed falls
"on to it by means of a piece of chain R forming a loop and trailing upon
"the soil or by any other suitable contrivance. Soon after the seed and
manure reach the soil they are covered up, if for root crops, by the large
"iron shoes or breasts S, or by the small breasts B, B, if for corn crops,
worked by the levers T and A. The levers A for sowing corn, and the
"levers T for sowing root crops, are respectively represented in detail, side
"elevation; and plan, at Figures 8 and 9, 10 and 11 (Sheet 2). They are
"attached at one end to a bar of metal or wood U suspended under the
"axletree of the main carrying wheels, and are jointed thereto at V, so as to
"enable them to work freely in a vertical direction. The other end of each
"of these levers is passed through a guide loop W attached to the under
"side of the bar X. These levers may or may not be weighted at their
"extremities, as found most expedient. The bar X is suspended by chains
"Y or other suitable means from a roller Z, worked by the handles a, and
"fitted with a ratchet wheel and detent b, by which means the whole of the
"levers may be at once raised or lowered at pleasure. The shoes or breasts
"S on being let down into the soil raise sufficient of it to cover the seed and-
"manure, and at the same time form the land into ridges. Between these
"shoes or breasts, and attached to the bar X, are drags or rollers c, when
"sowing root crops, which operate upon the tops of the ridges formed by the
"shoes or breasts, and partly level them, so as to make them flat in place of
"
"
sharp ridges. When the drill is used for sowing corn crops, a small furrow
or drill is formed by the coulter Q, and the shoes or breasts are put
"together in pairs, as shewn at B, B; but in sowing root crops the coulters
"
66
66
may be dispensed with, as the seed will not require to be so deep in the
"soil. A greater number of seed and manure apertures will be employed
"in sowing corn than in sowing root crops, and there must also of course
"be a correspondingly larger number of conducting tins, levers, and drags
"in the one case than in the other. The number which I consider best for
a crop of roots is four, and for a crop of corn twelve, across the whole
length of the drill. In front of the seed and manure box F is another
"box or tank d for holding water, liquid manure, or other liquids to be
"delivered to the soil at the time the seeds are sown. It is provided
"with cocks e, which can be simultaneously turned on or shut off by a
rod connecting the levers g of the cocks, which are acted upon by the
lever handle h and shaft i. On opening the cocks the water or other
liquid is delivered 'into the conducting tins or pipes j, through which the
"liquid flows on to the soil. These tins or pipes are held in their places by

page_text: 66
«
suitable keeps fixed to the bar U. The tank may be used or not as found
"desirable; it is suspended at each end by pivots resting on brackets or
supports m, fixed to the main framing of the machine." I also disclaim the
words "the drill to," and also the words "of the drill." I also disclaim the
words, letters, and figures following:-" These levers p are raised or lowered by
"two or more chains s attached to the bar t, with which each lever is connected
66
by a chain of its own. These chains s pass over the roller r, and thence
pierced to the roller Z to which they are secured, and by which the levers p
may be raised or lowered. The arrangement of tines and levers above
"described may be modified by placing one tine or more on the levers, or
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66
attaching them thereto in such a manner as to have some of the tines or
prongs in advance of or behind the others. I propose also to-use such
"further modification as may arise from placing two or more bars together,"
" and attaching tines or prongs to them in any other direction than in one
straight row or line at right angles to such bars or levers, the tines being
"all so arranged that no two tines are in the same track. I propose also to
employ a combination of bars or other means of attaching tines or prongs,
"so as to form a series of them, some in advance of or behind others, and
operating as single levers or lever frames, or plates working on gudgeons or
centres, or any other suitable means."
66
+6
"A longitudinal motion is imparted to the sliding stirrer or feeder G in the
"seed and manure box F (Figures 1 and 2), by a spur wheel w fitted on to
"the nave of one of the main supporting wheels w¹. This spur wheel w gears
"into a corresponding wheel x, working loose on a stud attached to one end of
"the seed and manure box F, and having on its inner face a number of teeth'y,
which gear into a pinion z fast on the end of a short crank shaft 1. A
rod 2 connecting the longitudinal moving stirrer or feeder C with the crank
"on the shaft 1 imparts a longitudinal sliding and reciprocating motion to
"the stirrer. The seed and manure box F may be thrown out of gear when
<<
66
requisite by raising the end carrying the spur wheel a, by means of the
"lever handle F¹. A pair of guide bars F" is secured to the end of the box
"F and passes through the main framing of the machine. The bars F¹¹ serve
"to support the moveable end of the box F at any desired height, according
"to the size of driving gearing used, by means of stop pins passed through
holes made for that purpose in the lower ends of the bars. Another mode
by which this longitudinal motion may be effected is by substituting a metal
feeder or stirrer G suspended by slings 3 from metal brackets 4 in the ends
" of the seed and manure box F, as shewn in the detail longitudinal section
"and plan at Figures 13 and 14, the bar G being worked from the crank
66
"

page_text: 66
shaft 1 by a connecting rod, as hercin-before described. If found desirable,
a reciprocating motion may be imparted to the box F only, or both the box
"F and stirrer G may be made to work laterally to the length of the
"machine."
"
"I shall now proceed to describe another mode of delivering the seed and
manure from the box F, which may be effected by substituting a transverse
sliding and reciprocating motion for the motion herein-before described. In
"this arrangement the stirrer or slider G (Figure 15) is worked by a trans-
"verse crank shaft 5, which may be driven from the spur wheel w (Figures
"1 and 2), a suitable spur wheel being keyed on to the end of the shaft 5,
"and a gearing into the wheel w."
65
"Another mode of delivering the seed and manure from the box F consists
"in employing a pair of fluted or plain revolving rollers 6, grooved circum-
ferentially, shewn in the details, Figures 16, 17, and 18, which represent
respectively a transverse section, a longitudinal section, and plan of the seed
"and manure box F. These rollers 6 work inside the seed and manure box,
" and motion is communicated to them by the pinion 7 which are keyed on
"to their extremities, and receive motion from the spur wheel w hercin-before
"referred to. Opposite to the grooves in these rollers and in the sides of the
"box F, are the adjustable apertures 8 through which the seed and manure
fall, the apertures being enlarged or diminished by the slides 9 fitted with
set screws 10 for fixing them in any desired position. A set of scrapers or `
"cleaners 11 fixed to the inside of the box F, and working into the grooves
"of the rollers 6, serve to keep them from being clogged."
"I may here observe that I wish it to be distinctly understood that I do
"not confine or restrict myself to the performing of the several operations of
26
"
66
ridging, seeding, manuring, watering, and harrowing at one and the same
time, and by one single combined machine or implement; but that I reserve
"to myself the right of effecting any one or more of the above operations
separately if required, and of disintegrating the machine, so as to form
"separate machines with framing and wheels of their own, and performing
"their particular operations as distinct machines or implements; or two or more
"of the separate operations may be combined in one machine, as found de-
"sirable, and have a distinct designation; as, for example, a riding drill,' when
66 that part only is used, or a 'ridging, seeding, and manuring drill,' when those
"operations are combined, or a 'lever harrow,' when that part only is em-
ployed; and so on according as more or fewer parts or combinations of parts
"are used." And I hereby alter the said Specification by inserting therein the
words "except as herein-after particularly mentioned." I also disclaim these

page_text: "tures."
$6
words "confine or restrict myself to the precise details or arrangements
"which I have had occasion to describe or refer to, as many variations may
"be made therefrom without deviating from the principles or main fea-
And I hereby alter the said Specification by inserting therein, in
lieu of the words lastly herein-before disclaimed, the words following, "claim
any of the parts of the apparatus described in the said Specification or
"shewn in the said Drawings as being any part." And I also disclaim the
word "said," and also these words, "First, the general construction and
"arrangement of machinery or apparatus for distributing manure, sowing
"or depositing seeds, and effecting the working or cultivation of land
"whether any one machine be restricted to the apparatus required for one
"operation, or the apparatus is made capable of effecting two or more opera-
"tions conjointly, as herein-before described. Second, the peculiar construc-
"tions and arrangements of seed and manure boxes, and apparatus connected
"therewith for conveying seed and manure to the ground, and regulating the
"feed as herein-before described. Third, the application and use of the ridging
"shoes or breasts in the manner and for the purpose herein-before described.
"Fourth." And I also disclaim the word "constructions," and I alter the
said Specification by inserting therein in lieu of the word lastly disclaimed the
word "construction." And I also disclaim the word "arrangements," and
I alter the said Specification by inserting therein, in lieu of the word lastly
disclaimed, the word " arrangenient." And I also disclaim all parts of the
Invention originally comprised in the said Letter's Patent which are not com-
prised in the said Specification as hereby altered. And for the purpose of
causing the said Specification more clearly and distinctly to describe and claim
only those parts of the said Invention which are not intended to be hereby
disclaimed, I hereby alter the said Specification, and declare that the same
shall henceforth describe and claim the Invention not hereby disclaimed, and
which from the time of making, entering, and filing of this Disclaimer is to
be comprised in the said sole privilege granted by the said Letters Patent, in
the words, letters, and figures following (that is to say):
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66
My said Invention relates to an improved construction and arrangement
"of machinery or apparatus for simplifying and expediting the operation of
harrowing land, whether for root crops, or corn crops, or other purposes.
"The machine consists of a strong frame mounted on wheels to be drawn by
"a horse or otherwise. Attached to the frame are levers into which are
"inserted or attached metal tines somewhat similar to a three-pronged fork,
excepting that the middle prong is either in advance of or behind the other
"two, thus forming a tripod. Any other number of tines or prongs more
"

page_text: "than three may be substituted, the intervals between such prongs or tines
being greater or less as may be found desirable. These three-pronged or
"other forks may be so placed that one following behind another, shall work
in the intervals or spaces between the prongs of the front series, and thus
by these means the operation of barrowing or loosening the soil is more
effectually accomplished than by the ordinary existing harrows or rakes.
"The levers, and three-pronged or other forks will form an implement for
harrowing, raking, or tilling the soil, such levers and tincs working within
a frame mounted on wheels or otherwise, and operated upon by a lever or
"crank motion by means of chains or other suitable connecting apparatus
"for raising or elevating the same."
"
"
46
"And in order that my said Invention may be fully understood, I shall
"now proceed particularly to describe the same, and for that purpose I shall
refer to some of the several Figures on the two Sheets of Drawings here-
"unto annexed, which Drawings illustrate not only the undisclaimed part of
my Invention, but also the parts thereof which are above disclaimed, and
now form no part of the Invention comprised in the said Letters Patent, the
"same letters of reference indicating corresponding parts throughout both
Sheets of Drawings. Two iron bars n are jointed at o at each side of the
"main framing, proceeding from the front to the back. They are secured
by bolts or otherwise to the bar U, and also to the bar X, which on being
"raised by the chains and windlass herein-before referred to, will raise the
"bars n, and everything attached to them. To these bars n are attached a
"number of levers p by a bolt or rod 2, on which they work freely, forming
"a lever harrow which I call a fertilizing lever harrow. The number of these
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66
levers and their distance apart may be varied at pleasure according to cir-
"cumstances, but an inch and a quarter between each lever will be found a
"convenient distance. Each of these levers carries a shank with three tines
66
or prongs r, shewn in detail at Figure 12 (Sheet 2), the middle tine being,
"either in advance of or behind the two others, the shanks with their tines
"or prongs are so arranged that every alternate lever has its shank with tines
in advance of that next to it. Six inches will be found a suitable distance
"for this advance. In order to bring the work of this harrow close up to
"the main supporting wheels, the outside lever at each end may carry a
"shank with five or more tines or prongs in place of three only, so that the
"tines may extend from the sides of the two outside or end levers, and
"work close up to the wheels. The relative positions of the several tines will
"be clearly understood on referring to the Diagram plan, Figure 4, where it
"will be seen that each tine of each series is placed opposite the intervening

page_text: spaces between the tines of the other series, that is to say, no two tines are
"in the same track with each other."
<<
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of my said
"Invention, and the manner in which the same is or may be used or carried
" into effect, I would observe in conclusion, that except as herein-after par-
ticularly mentioned, I do not claim any of the parts of the apparatus de-
"scribed in the said Specification or shewn in the said Drawings as being any
part of my Invention, but what I consider to be novel and original, and there-
"fore claim as the Invention secured to me by the herein-before in part
"recited Letters is, the peculiar construction and arrangement of lever rakes
or harrows, and tines or prongs used therewith for harrowing or dis-
integrating the soil, as herein-before described."
66
"
And I, the said Frederick William Phillips, do further declare that the
"above-written Disclaimer and Memorandum of Alteration are not, nor is
"either of them, nor is any part thereof respectively intended to extend
"the exclusive right granted by the said Letters Patent, and that these
"Presents shall not extend the said exclusive right in any way whatsoever."
In witness whereof, I, the said Frederick William Phillips, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Fifteenth day of July, One thousand eight
hundred and fifty-eight.
FREDERICK WILLIAM PHILLIPS. (L.S.)
I hereby grant my fiat giving leave to the above-named Frederick Phillips,
to file in the Great Seal Patent Office, with the Specification to which the
same relates the above written Disclaimer and Memorandum of Alteration.
Temple, 9th August 1858.
FITZROY KELLY.