CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MACHINERY AND APPARATUS FOR WEAVING BY HAND, STEAM, OR OTHER POWER
Year: 1844

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOHN
MCBRIDE, Manager of the Nursery Spinning and Weaving Mills, Hutcheson-
toun, Glasgow, in Scotland, greeting.
WHEREAS Her present most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date at
Westminster, the Fifteenth day of July, in the eighth year of Her reign,
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said
John McBride, the especial license, full power, sole privilege and authority,
that I, the said John McBride, my exors, adñiors, and assigns, or such others
as I, the said John McBride, my exors, adñiors, or assigns, should at any
time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times during the
term of years therein expressed, should and no others lawfully might make,
use, exercise, and vend, within that part of Her said Majesty's United
Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland called England, Her Dominion of
Wales, and Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, and in Her said Majesty's Islands
of Jersey, Guernsey, Alderney, Sark, and Man, and also in all Her Colonies
and Plantations abroad, my Invention of "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MACHINERY AND APPARATUS FOR WEAVING BY HAND, STEAM, OR OTHER POWER;" in
which said Letters Patent is contained a proviso that I, the said John

page_text: McBride, shall cause a particular description of the nature of my said Invention,
and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be enrolled in. Her
said Majesty's High Court of Chancery within six calendar months next
and immediately after the said in part recited Letters Patent, as in and by
the same, reference being thereunto had, will more fully and at large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
John McBride, do hereby declare that the nature of my said Invention,
and the manner in which the same is to be performed, are particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement thereof, reference
being had to the Drawings hereunto annexed, and to the figures and letters
marked thereon, that is to say:
First, my improvements consist in the mode of applying perforated pattern
surfaces to be employed in shuttle weaving, either by hand or power.
Secondly, in a new and improved method of working moving pattern
surfaces in shuttle weaving by hand or power.
Thirdly, in the application of an improved squaring spring and accommo-
dating connection rod to the Jacquard barrel when employed in working a
harness by power.
Fourthly, improvements in the weaving by leaves of heddles in the power
loom independent of the pattern surfaces employed; also improvements in the
application of Jacquard machinery to leaves of heddles in the power loom.
Fifthly, the application of a shift to pattern surfaces in weaving by hand or
power, whereby an instantaneous and complete change of the working surface
of the pattern surface can be effected.
Sixthly, certain modes of shifting the shuttle boxes of a power loom when
two or more shuttles are required.
In order that these improvements may be more fully understood, these
Presents are accompanied with Drawings shewing my improvements, with
such parts of the ordinary power loom as are necessary to illustrate the appli-
cation of the improvements therewith connected. These Drawings are marked
with figures and letters of reference, having similar letters upon corresponding
parts of the machinery and apparatus to all the Figures.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Figure I. represents an end view of a power loom, shewing the application
of a disc or new pattern surface to the working of leaves of heddles. It also
shews a new method of applying pattern surfaces to leaves of heddles.
Figure II. shews the method of reversing the disc. Figure III. shews a plan
of the same. A, A, A, A, A, (Figure I.) the framing of the power loom;

page_text: B, the breast beam; D, the lay; C, the cloth beam; F, the disc or new
pattern surface with toothed edge; it is circular, and made of sheet brass,
iron, or other suitable material, and made to revolve on the stud 22 fastened
on the lever M. The pattern is made by rows of holes on radial lines from
the centre to the periphery of the disc. The lever M is placed on the stud t
upon the bracket u, and is moved out and in as hereafter explained, whereby
the pins c, c, (Figure 111.) will be selected or omitted, or according as
there is a hole or an unperforated surface. The movement of the lever A
is effected by the rod 21, Figures I. and III., fixed on the bottom of the
lay D, which has a small roller at the lower end of it for pressing
against the lever M, as at 20, as the lay moves from the breast beam, and
thus presses the disc from the pins c, c, c. During this same movement
the disc is turned round a tooth by the catch 25 on the lever 31 in the
following manner-26 is an incline which raises up the lever 31 with the
catch 25 on it as the disc moves from the pius c, c, c; this turns the
disc a tooth, and presents a new row of holes to the pins c, c, c. 33,
Figure II., is a squaring catch placed on bracket 34, fastened on lever M.
The catch 33 has a light spring at the back of it pressing the catch 33
1 bottom of the tooth, thereby keeping the disc steady at the proper
position for being brought up against the pins c, c, c, (seen in Figure III.)
35 is a spiral spring attached to loom framing A, and to the lever M at 20.
When the lay moves towards the heddles the spring is extended by the
lever M moving out, but as soon as the lay returns to the fell or cloth,
the spring draws in the lever M with the disc or pattern surface against
the pins c. c, c, to form the pattern. When it is not necessary from the
size of the pattern to reverse the disc or pattern surface, the disc continues to
revolve in one direction; but when it is a large pattern only one half of the
pattern is perforated on the disc, and when the disc has made one complete
revolution the one half of the pattern is woven; the disc is then caused to
make one revolution in the opposite direction to weave the other half of the
pattern. This reverse motion of the disc is accomplished in the following
manner: The catch 25, Figure II., is thrown out of gear of the disc by a pin
81 placed on the disc which moves up as the disc revolves, and raises the lever
23 against the projecting part of the catch 25, and throws it out of gear.
The catch 25 is connected by a wire 32 to the catch 24. It will be seen that
as catch 25 is thrown out of gear 24 is thrown in and turns the disc in the
opposite direction a tooth each time as it moves into the pins c, c, c.
Figure III. The catch 24 is moved in the following manner-As the
catch 24 and 25 are in one lever 31, which is supported on one stud 22 in
<

page_text: the centre of the lever, it will be seen that as the disc moves out the
incline 26 raises the catch 25 on lever 31, and depresses 24 at the other
end. Again, as the disc moves in, the lever 31, at the end where the catch
25 is placed, descends the incline by the spring 83 keeping it close to the
incline. This spring 83 (Figure II.) is attached to the bracket 84 fixed
to the lever M. When the lever 31 is descending at the end with the
catch 25 upon it, 24 is being raised at the other end, and turns the
disc a tooth, and thus the motion of the disc is reversed and continues till
pin 85, placed nearer the edge of the disc than the pin 81, comes round on
the upper side of the lever M and presses down the part 86 of the double
lever 29. This movement takes place when the pattern is completed. The
lever 29 moves in a socket placed on the lever M, as shewn, having the two
parts 89 and 86" fixed to it; when 86° is depressed by the pin 85, it also
lowers the part 89, and as the lever M moves in it brings the lever 89, which
is depressed, against the levers 30, as is seen in the side view at Figure 11*.
The lever or crank 30 has two arms, one which is moved by the armi 89, and
raises the other arm under projection of the catch 25, as is seen at the
detached view, and throws it into gear with the disc; at the same time the
wire 32 throws the catch 24 out of gear, and the disc is again made to revolve
in an opposite direction. In order to work a cross border, any suitable part
of the pattern surface on the disc may be taken, and the disc can be made to
revolve backwards and forwards on that particular part so long as it is desired.
For example, suppose the space between the pins 81 and 82, Figure 11., is
suitable for a cross border, then 81, as formerly stated, throws out the catch 25,
and at the same time throws in the catch 24.
the pin 82 descends towards the lever M.
centre of the disc than the pin 85, and now
wrought, the bracket 140, that holds the double lever 86 and 89, is moved
by the hand towards the centre of the lever M. This bracket 140 is made
with a slot or shift at 140 to permit of its being moved between the pins 85
and 82, Figure II.; when 86, Figure III., is thus moved towards the centre
of the lever M, it is exposed to the action of the pin 82, Figure II., and tho
reversal of the disc takes place in the same way as before, mentioned, and the
disc continues to revolve between the pins 81 and 82. till the bracket 140 is
moved back to its original place. This is one way of working the pattern
and cross border; but in some cases it might be suitable to have one part of
the disc reserved for the centre or principal pattern, and another part for the
cross border or perforations, for a number of small patterns may be placed on
the disc; the one following the other; and when only one of these patterns is
Then the disc is reversed, and
The pin 82 is to be nearer the
when the cross border is to. be

page_text: to be wrought pins may be placed as before described to keep the disc moving
backwards and forwards on one pattern, so long as it is desired, otherwise the
patterns will be made in succession. It will be seen that the teeth on the
edge of the dise F, Figure II., are more of a round form than those shewn in
Figure I. Those in Figure II. should be used when the pattern requires that
the direction of the movement should be reversed.
:
Figure IV. shows a mode of working a perforated cylindrical pattern.
surface; Figure V. shews end views of the same. A, Figure IV., is the
framing of loom; D, the lay; J, the perforated cylinder, made, to revolve.
upon a lever M; t is a stud fastened on the bracket u, on which the lever M
moves. The movement of this lever is the same as the movement of the
lever M previously described, but is effected in a different way. It will
be quite suitable to move the lever M with this pattern surface upon
it in the same way as the lever M before described, or the cylinder J may
be put into the frame in which the Jacquard barrel Q is placed, namely, in
the frame 12, Figure VII. The case N has pins.c, and are the same as is.
seen at Figure 1II., and the lever M, Figure IV.,. is moved out and in in.
the following manner:-The crank shaft E has an excentric 96 fixed on it,.
which moves the rod P out and in. This rod being connected to the lever M
at 120, gives the same motion to it, causing the cylinder J to move out and
in to and from the case N every shot of the loom. The rod P at one end.
embraces the eccentric 96, the other end passes through an eye at 120, fixed
to the lever M. The rod P at the extreme end, beyond the eye on lever M.
at 120, has a nut screwed upon it to prevent the rod being drawn through:
the eye, at the same time the lever M at 120 can be moved towards the
eccentric 96 along the rod P by pressing the spiral spring q towards the
eccentric 96, allowing the cylinder to be drawn away from the case N without
moving the machinery of the loom. There is a squaring end 142, similar to
the squaring end of a common Jacquard barrel. This squaring end is fixed
on a stud working in the bracket p', with a pinion on the other end of it;
this pinion is in gear with the wheel J' on the end of the cylinder J. On the
stud is placed a catch W, lying upon the squaring end 142, and as the
lever M, with the cylinder J and squaring end attached, moves away from the
case N, the squaring end is turned round one square, and by means of the.
pinion turns the wheel J', to which the cylinder is attached, one tooth,
and presents a new portion of the pattern surface each shot of the loom.
14, Figure V., is a flat spring bolted on the lever M, for squaring the
end 142, and keeping the pattern surface steady at the proper position for
being brought to the case N. a, Figure V., is an under catch for reversing.

page_text: 9,
the motion of the cylinder; it is connected by the spring 16 to the catch W.
kis a bracket fastened to the case N, holding the lever e on a stud seen also
in Figure IV.; the lever e extends and rests on the end of the catch W and
extends on the other side to g. This end of the lever e at g is of a bevilled
shape, and is extended down to the level of the axis of the cylinder. On the
end of the cylinder J is a pin c³, which comes round on the under side opposite
the tail g of the lever c. When the reversal of the pattern surface is to
take place, and as the cylinder J moves in with the pins c' upon the tail it
raises the end g of the lever e, the other end of lever c at a¹ will consequently
be depressed, and as it rests on the end of the catch W it will lower the one
end of it, and elevate the other end with the catch out of gear of the squaring
end of the cylinder. At the same time the catch W being connected by the
spring 16 to the under catch &, the catch x will be thrown into gear, and turn
the barrel in an opposite direction. h¹, Figure IV., is a spring with a cradle,
for keeping the lever e at the position it is put into by the pin c'. When the
pin c¹ comes round on the upper side it lowers the tail g and elevates the other
end of levere at a', and allows the catch W to fall in gear with the squaring
end 142, and thus the motion of the pattern surface is again reversed. The
cylinder can be reversed at any part of ts revolution, the same as the disc, by
having more pins on the end of the cylinder, and having the lever e to shift on
the same principle as was described in regard to the reversing of the disc F.
Figures VI., VII., and VIII. shew improvements in the application
of a Jacquard barrel and cards to the working of leaves of heddles in
the power loom, being improvements on my Patent of 21 July, 1841.
These Figures also shew the application of the shift to leaves of heddles
for giving an instantaneous change of pattern. A, A, A, A, is the framing
of the loom; D, the lay; o, Jacquard barrel turning on the centres
19, 19, and fixed in the frame 12, 12. The frame 12, 12, is fixed on the
turning shaft 13, working in bushes b', b'. P connecting rod for moving the
Jacquard barrel to and from the pins c, Figures VI. and VII. The crank
shaft E of the loom works the mitre wheels R. On the face of one of the
wheels R working on the bracket 28 is a stud r placed, carrying one end of
the rod P, the other end s being joined to the frame 12, carrying the Jacquard
barrel. The rod P moves the Jacquard barrel to and from the pins c every
revolution of the wheels R. The rod P is made in two parts, separated at e¹ by
a male and female coupling, but held together by the spiral spring g fastened
at the one end by the pin f', and at the other by the pin d'. In the event
of requiring to turn round the barrel o to any particular part of the pattern
when the barrel is close to the pins c, this accommodation spring allows the

page_text: barrel to be easily drawn away from the pins, and without its being necessary
to move the other parts of the loom. Also in the event of anything obstructing
the barrel in its movement towards the pins c or of the cards getting confused
on the barrel o, the spring q will yield, and prevent the apparatus from being
destroyed. The spring might be substituted by a cord and pulley bringing the
parts of the rod together at the male and female coupling e', or the spring and
rod might be separated, as shewn at the detached view, Figure VII., where
it will be seen that the rod P, having an open forked end at S, will merely
move the Jacquard barrel o away from the pins c, and the spiral spring q
being extended will draw the barrel o to the pins c when the stud r on the
wheel R is moving away from the barrel o.
The accommodating connection may be made in a variety of ways, but the
substance of this improvement in the application of a Jacquard barrel and cards
applied to the working of leaves of heddles in the power loom consists in having
a spring or other suitable mechanical contrivance for moving the barrel o to the
pins c, or other suitable mechanical contrivance used as a substitute for the
pins c, to act on the leaves of heddles between the barrel and the apparatus giving
motion to the heddles. The improved spring for squaring the Jacquard barrel
will be seen at 14, Figure VII. A detached view of it is also seen at the same
Figure. It is a flat spring, and is bolted to the frame 12 at the one end, while
the other end presses against the squaring end of the barrel o.
The plan
formerly for squaring the Jacquard barrel was to have a spring and hammer.
I shew a plan of squaring the barrel by the spring 14 alone.
It will be seen
that the treadle L, with fulcrum at 2, Figure VI., is moved down by the wiper
K fixed on the shaft of the loom, and that it is brought up again by the spiral
spring v.
Another method of moving the treadle L is shewn in Figure I. The
treadle L is connected by the rod W to a crank, on the crank shaft of the
loom, by which it is moved up and down. T, Figure VI. is a framing
containing the rods or wires a, a, a, which are connected at the top of
the cords b, b, b, b; these cords are again connected to the marches s, s, s, s,
to which the leaves of heddles are connected. d are small spindles with
spiral springs in the case p pressing the rods a, with hooked end at bottoni,
into the action of the treadle L. The treadle L is provided with an edge
plate for taking hold of the hooked rods a, seen at Figure VII. Those
leaves of heddles not required to be raised have a blank on the cards on the
Jacquard barrel, opposite to the pins c, governing the rods a, connected with
these leaves of heddles, and when the barrel approaches the pins c those where
the blanks are placed on the pattern surface are pressed forward against the

page_text: rods a. At the upper end the rods a have a projection at 10, which is brought to
a rest on a projecting bar 141. This bar serves the purpose of a fulcrum, and
when the top of the rods a are pressed in by the pins c they are moved out at
the bottom from the treadle L, while those rods that are untouched are left to
be caught by the bevelled edge of the treadle L, and the leaves of heddles
connected with them are raised.
Description of Shift as applied to working of leaves of heddles by
Jacquard machinery for giving an instantaneous change of the working
surface of the pattern.-N is the case containing the pins c, sec Figures
VII. and VIII. This case is made to move up and down by means of the
handle y. This handle is fixed on the end of the shaft n, which passes through
the frame T to the other side. This shaft has an arm or lever on each side
projecting to o, and there is a rod 142 from each side turning on the stud o,
which is connected with the case N. 1, a spring fastened to the frame T, and
pressing a bracket with two rests or indentations, forming a cradle for the
handle y on the face of it. One of them is seen at m. The Jacquard barrel
and cards have two rows of perforations, as is seen at barrel o and cards Z
Figures VII. The upper and under rows of holes are two distinct patterns,
and suppose the under row to be the one in action with the pins c, c, c, c, then
on looking at Figure VII. it will be seen that on turning the lever y into the
rest mi, the shaft n will be turned, raising the arms to o, which arms will
elevate the rods 142, and elevate the case N, placing the pins c opposite the
upper row of holes; when the first pattern is again to be resumed, the
handle y is placed in its original position. This shift of the case may be made
to the side, and there may be one row of holes only in the pattern surface, and
cach alternate hole in the row would be used at one time, and the other hole
would belong to the second pattern, and by shifting the pins c opposite the
second row of holes a change of pattern would be produced; or the pins c may
be kept fixed, and the barrel may be shifted to the side, or in any direction, to
present a new pattern surface; or the cords may have two steadying holes on
each side of the card, and by lifting the cards off from the one hole to the
other, new holes or pattern surface may be presented when the barrel
or pattern surface revolves. The practice hitherto in shuttle weaving, when a
change of pattern was desired, was to take away the one pattern surface and
substitute another.
.
Now I shew the micthod of combining two or more patterns on the same
pattern surface, and by means of the shift give a change of pattern instanta-
neously. In the power loom it may be done without even stopping the loom,
except in the case where the pattern surface may be loose, and passing over a

page_text: barrel or other surface, as in the case of the Jacquard, and the plan I have
alluded to be used of shifting the pattern surface to new steadying holes
or fixtures on the apparatus moving it." It will be seen, that any other
pattern surface may be made to shift in a similar way. A shift may be in
the apparatus between the heddles or harness, and the pattern surfaces or
the pattern surface itself may be made to shift. A barrel containing studs
or pattern surface may be made to move to the side. like an organ barrel,
giving a great variety of patterns as the organ barrel gives tunes. It will be
observed on looking at the Jacquard card Z, Figure VIII., that I cut two
ring holes 144 on each side, for connecting the cards. In the event of
a hole giving way the ring can be shifted into the remaining hole without
repairing it.
Figure IX. represents front view of top rail of power loom, shewing my
improvements in raising or lowering the leaves of heddles, independent of the
pattern surfaces employed. A, A, A, is the top rail of the loom; and s,
marches for raising the heddles; s, s, long marchi; u, short march; 8, leaves
of heddles; b, cord for pulling down end of marchs and elevating the
heddles; 3, fulcrum of long march s; 5, fulcrum of short march i; 145, cord
connecting the two marches; 7, 7, cords connecting the heddles to the
marches; 147, cord connecting leaves of heddles to the spring Q. It will be
seen by having the cord 7 at 4 in the lever s the same distance from
fulcrum 3 as the cord 7 at 4 in lever u, and having. cord 145 the same
distance from the fulcrum 3 in lever s as from the fulcrum 5 in lever u, that
the leaf of heddles will rise equally on both sides. The cords 7, 7, attached
at 4, 4, in the levers s and ut, may be attached nearer the centre cord 145,
according to the increased distance of the leaves of heddles from the cloth or
fell, and thereby giving a higher lift to the back leaves in order to make the shed
uniformly large at the reed to allow the shuttle to pass through the shed of
the warp. This method of causing the warp threads to shed equally at the
reed is used when in place of a treadle, with its fulcrum at the front of the
loom, as is seen in Figures VI. at L, I use a horizontal rod or lever V,
Figures IX. and X., for lowering the wires and raising the leaves of heddles.
The arm of the horizontal lever V moves in a bracket 2, and is worked by
a rod W fixed to an eccentric or crank in the loom. When the different
lift of the back leaves are effected by the levers u and s, the cords band
wires a of the different leaves are of one length, but when no variation is
made in the lift of the leaves by the cords 7, 7, as before described, the
wires a, a, a, Figure X., from the rest 10 to the hooked points 11, are longer,

page_text: As the progress from the back to the front leaves, and as the horizontal rod V
moves down to raise the leaves of heddles it takes hold of the back leaves
first and gives them a higher elevation. The cords might be made to reach
the floor and have a knot upon them at 11, and a horizontal comb in place of
the lever V might be used to comb them down, taking hold of the knot and
raising the leaves of heddles. The heddles, after being raised by the treadle
L or horizontal rod V., Figure IX., are brought down again by the coiled
spring Q. This spring is coiled into a circle at 150, and may have one or
more turns, and is then extended to 148, where it is connected to the leaf of
heddles by the cord 147.
Figure XI. shews another modification of a pattern surface. It consists
of a metal plate 36, with rows of perforations across, and is moved up by the
wheels 38 on the shaft 37. This shaft is placed on lever M, and has a
squaring end 39 upon it similar to that upon the end of the Jacquard barrel,
Figure VII. An end view of it will also be seen at Figure XI. It
is turned a square each shot of the loom by the catch W, as the lever M
moves out from framing T. The wheels 38, 38, one of which is seen at the
side view Figure XI, has teeth formed like the pins in a Jacquard barrel for
carrying the card round. The pattern surface 36 has holes 40, 40, on each
side to suit the pitch of the pins or teeth on the wheels 38, 38. These pins
on the wheels 38, 38, fit into the holes 40, 40, and move the pattern surface
like a rack and pinion as the shaft 37 revolves. When the pattern surface
has gone up to the last row of holes the catch a is thrown in, as was shewn in
Figure IV., and the pattern is made to move down again, and it can be
reversed at any part of the pattern the same as the other pattern surfaces.
The lever M is the same as was shewn for the two first modifications of pattern
surfaces. 41, 41, are two slides or guides for the plate 36 to move in. This
plate or pattern surface may be an endless metallic band made to revolve over
two rollers. It will be seen in regard to this modification of pattern surface,
as well as the two mentioned before, namely, the dise and barrel at F,
Figure I and J, Figure IV., that they may easily be applied to the different
<descriptions of shuttle weaving both by hand and power. The methods shown,
as applied to leaves of heddles in the power loom, will be very suitable for
the hand loom, the motion being taken from the lay. Figure XI. shows
a front view of the last modification of pattern surface, with the shift
applied to both the pins c and to the pattern surface by the loom itself, for
the purpose of combining several small patterns into one. Figure XI. shews
a plan of the same. Figure XI. shews a section of the same. The pattern

page_text: surface 36, Figure XI., is described as being composed of three patterns; it
bas twelve rows of holes, four rows in each pattern. The case N with onc
row of pins c, seen in section, Figure XI., is moved into the four different
positions, 1, 2, 3, and 4; the upper three positions are shewn by dotted lines.
The pins care raised one position each pick of the loom by means of the
snail wheels fixed on shaft m, turning in frame T, seen in Figure XI³. The
shaft m has a squaring end V with four sides, which is turned one square
each shot of the loom by the catch W fixed to the lever M at 24. The
lever M is moved in the same way as was shewn for working the two first
modifications of pattern surface. As the lever M moves out from the pins c,
the catch W turns the squaring end V on the shaft m one square, and the snail
wheels being on the shaft m depresses the end of the lever b on the shaft n,
Figure XI., and elevates the other end of it at o by the rod 25, and raises
the case N with pins c to the position 2 opposite the second row of holes in
the top pattern, supposing the top pattern to be in action, the pattern surface
36 resting on the bottom of the frame 27. The next shot the pins c are raised
into the position 3 opposite the third row of holes. The fourth shot the pins
care raised into the position 4, and are opposite the fourth or top row of
holes 14. Figure XI. a squaring spring for keeping the squaring end V
steady. The case N having been raised to the top is opposite the arm 22 of
the bell crank K, which moves on a stud at K fixed on the lever M. The
bell crank K has another arm 23 connected by a wire 10 to the top of
the rod Z at 9, Figure XI. The rod Z is moved on a fulcrum at 8 on the
end of a lever P. The other end of the rod Z has a hook at 11, which is
pressed out of gear of a pin 12 on the treadle L (the treadle L is the same
as was shewn in Figure I. for raising the shed) by the spring 7 fixed on the
lever P. The hooked end of the rod 11 is always kept out of gear of the
pin 12, except when the arm 22 of the bell crank K, Figure XI. comes in
contact with the case N, which it does when the case N with the pins chas
been raised to the position 4; and as the lever M moves in to the pins c with
the bell crank K on it, it will move the arın 22 of the bell crank K back, and
draw the top of the rod Z at 9. to the bell crank K by the wire 10 atttached
at 9, Figure XI., and bring the hooked end of the rod Z into gear with the
pin 12 on treadle L, and as the treadle L moves down it depresses the end of the
lever P at 8 by means of the hooked rod Z, and elevates the other end of the
lever Pat 26. The rod 19, on which the pattern surface 36 is placed, being ex-
posed to the action of lever P at 26, will thus be raised to the top of the frame
27. This takes place every time the case N, with the pins c, arrives at the top.

page_text: position 4, Figure XI.; and as the top four rows of holes in the pattern
surface is in this case supposed to be one pattern, and if the same pattern is to
be continued, the plate or pattern surface is made to fall to its former position
by the projection on the edge wheel G, Figure XI., being made to keep the
catch E out of gear off the pin 16, at the same time the case N, Figure XI.,
is made to descend by the snail wheel's, with the pins c, to expose them to the
action of the under row of holes of the top pattern, and the case N ascends, as
before described. When it is necessary to bring the second pattern or middle
four rows of holes in the pattern surface 36, Figure XI., into action with the
pins c, for the purpose of combining it with the first pattern, the pin 16 on the
plate 36 is made to rest on the projection 14 of catch E. When the pattern
surface is in the act of falling from the top of the frame 27, it is done in the
following manner :-When the hooked rod Z is put in gear with the heddle L,
as before described, it depresses the lever P at 8, and the catch being fixed
on the lever Pat 6 turns the ratchet wheel Rone tooth on the stud 22 fixed
on the lever M. Attached to the ratchet wheel R is an edge wheel G with
an undulatory surface. The wheel G is turned round to allow the catch E
at 13 to fall in to support the pattern surface by allowing the pin 16 to rest on
the catch B at 14, placing the second or middle pattern on the pattern surface
in action; the catch E is pressed against the edge wheel G by the spring 17.
So long as the second or middle pattern on the pattern surface is to be kept in
action, the plate 36 is made to fall with the pin 16 resting on the projec-
tion 14 of catch E, and the case N, with the pins c, ascends and descends as
described in regard to the first or top pattern on the pattern surface. When
it is necessary to bring the under pattern or the lowest four rows of holes on
the pattern surface into action, the undulatory surface of the edge wheel G is
made to allow the pin 16 to rest at 15 on catch E, when the pattern surface is
raised to the top of the frame 27, and retains it there till the edge wheel is
made to press the catch away from the pin 16, and allows the pattern surface
to fall, placing either of the other two patterns on the pattern surface in action
that is desired. It will be seen by a workman that the same description of
shift may be applied to the Jacquard in Figure VI. by having corresponding
rows of holes in the Jacquard barrel and cards to suit the number of positions
the pins c are to be placed in. It would only be necessary to turn the barrel
one square when the pattern was to be changed, cach card being a single
pattern.
Figure XII. shews a front view of part of a power loom, with end view of
Jacquard for working harness by power, with my improvements applied thereto,

page_text: namely, the reversing of the Jacquard barrel by the loom itself; also the shift
accommodating connecting rod for moving the barrel, and the application of an
improved spring for squaring the barrel. A, A, A, represents part of the framing
of a loom; 52, 52, 52, the framing of the Jacquard; 71, 71, cords to which the
harness is tied; 42, lever for working the Jacquard, connected to the crank
shaft 44 by rod 43; 47, a stud for moving Jacquard barrel 53; 69, a board for
raising the warp threads by means of the cords 71. The reversal of the barrel and
pattern surface is produced in the following way-There are two rods, one of
which is seen at 55, moving on the centre 141. The one seen presses against
the catch 56; the other presses against the tail of the catch W for turning the
barrel. The catch 56 has a spring 57 pressing it against the tail g. These
rods 55 have needles on which the pattern surface acts in the same way as
that by which the harness is governed. When a reversal of the barrel and
cards is required, that space on the barrel is not perforated which comes
opposite the rod 55 that presses against the tail g of the catch W, and as the
barrel moves in it will move the rod 55 against the tail g of the catch W, and
will press the tail g backwards till it is caught and held by a projection on the
catch 56, and thereby will elevate the catch W out of gear of the barrel 53;
the catch W, being connected to catch a by means of the spring 54, will at
the same time bring catch a into gear with the barrel, and cause it to revolve
in an opposite direction. When the barrel is again to be reversed, a rod 55,
similar to the one shewn, presses against the catch 56, moving it backwards by
means of the unperforated part of card, the rod 55 pressing out the catch 56
from its hold of the tail g of the turning catch W, allowing it to fall into action
again. For the shift or change of pattern the arrangement is nearly the same
as was described in regard to the working of leaves of heddles in the power
loom. The handle 58, turning on the stud 66, is raised into the bracket m on
the spring 61, and at the same time raising the case 64 containing the cross
wires 70, 70, 70, governing the harness by means of the rod 63, attached to
the handle 58 at 67. The. cards or pattern surface has two patterns, one of
which is only brought into action at a time. The raising of the handle 58, as
before mentioned, raises the case 64 (see section at side of Figure XII.), with
the needles that the pattern surface operates upon, to the upper pattern
surface. The under pattern surface is again brought into action by moving
the case down again by the lever 58. The case 64 moves in a bracket 65,
allowing room for moving up and down. The improved accommodating
connecting rod is seen at P, and is in two parts, united by a male and
female coupling, held together by a spring, and is precisely the same as was

page_text: described for working leaves of heddles by Jacquard machinery, and see
at Figure VII. It would be seen that as the stud 47 moves upward
it will press the lever 48, turning on the stud 73, forward, carry with i
the rod P, which will move the Jacquard barrel 53 away from the needles
or cross wires 70, 70, 70, 70, and turn it a square by means of the
catch W; and as the stud 47 descends it will bring the barrel again to the
needles 70, 70, 70, 70. The improved spring or squaring hammer is seen
at 62. It is a flat spring, and is the same as was described for squaring the
barrel of Jacquard when applied to the working of leaves of heddles by
power.
Figure XIV. shows an end view of a power loom with my improvements
applied thereto for shifting the boxes of a three-shuttle lay. Figure XV.
shews a plan of the same. Figure XVI., a back view of a three-shuttle box,
with plan of single box end of lay with double drivers and picking cord.
Upon a stud 93, Figure XIV., is placed a lever M, performing a movement
similar to the lever M, for moving the previously described modifications of
pattern surfaces for weaving by leaves of beddles, excepting that this one
moves only every second shot of the loom. 96 is an excentric placed on the
wiper shaft 95, having a connecting rod 94 extended to 120. The lever M,
at the stud 93, has a limb 119 extending till it meets 94 at 120. The
eccentric 96 is moved by the wiper shaft of the loom, which moves every
second shot, and, by means of the connecting rods 94 and 119, moves the
lever M to and from the pins c, c, c, c, scen in Figure XV. The lever M has
a Jacquard barrel with cards upon it, and revolves one square by means of the
catch 100 taking hold of the studs 152 every second shot of the loom. 112 is
a flat spring for squaring the barrel. This spring is fastened upon a bracket 101,
and the bracket 101 is fixed on the lever M, as seen at Figure XIV. 116
is a rest for the point of the lever M at 117. Into a case 124 are placed four
rods 156, 157, 158, 159, with hooked ends 98, 98, 98, 98, at top. These
hooked rods are attached to the levers 113 and 114, and these levers are
again attached to the levers 102 and 103 in immediate connection with the
shuttle box 104, which is grooved into the frame 115, and slides up and down.
109 is the ordinary protection rod. The case 124, Figure XV., has spindles
acted on by the springs d,, d, d, d, pressing the hooked ends 98, 98, 98, 98, of
the rods 156, 157, 158, 159, towards the lever 98, and exposing the hooked
ends 98, 98, 98, 98, to the action of that lever in its upward motion. The
pattern surface has blanks and perforations upon it, the same as in the ordi-
nary cards of the Jacquard, or the Jacquard cards may be made to revolve with.

page_text: the barrel, and when any particular rods are not to be moved the blank space.
of the pattern surface presses the pins c governing these rods against the rods,
puts them out of the way of the lever 97. After the lever M, with tho
pattern surface, moves to the pins c, c, c, c, the snail 99 turns round under
lever 97, and pressing upon the small pulley 118, which is fixed to it, raises
the lever 97 against the hooked end of any of the rods 156, 157, 158, 159,
that are not thrown out of the way of it by the pattern surface. The rod 103,
Figure XIV., is exposed to the action of lever 113 in its upward movenient
only, and is used for raising the box, and the rod 102 is attached by a joint to
the lever 114, and allows the box to drop by means of the bell crank 108,
better seen in Figure XVI., which is jointed to the rod 102 at 107. The
upward limb of the bell crank 108 has two rests, one for the middle shuttle
box at 106, and one for the under at 154; when the upper box is working
the under box rests on the bottom of the box frame 115. On the end of the
shuttle box nearer the reed is placed a lever 108*, connected with the
bell crank by means of a small rod 155. The lever 108* has rests cor-
responding to the bell crank 108 to support the shuttle box. In order to
show the working of the box, suppose the middle box 2 to be in action and
requiring the under box to be brought next into action, then the barrel or card
is perforated opposite the pin governing the rod 156. Figure XIV. and the
hooked end 98 of the rod is left to the action of the lever 97, which carries
it up and with it the lever 113. This lever in its turn, by means of the
rod 103, raises the box 104 till the pins 153, 153, Figure XVI., rests on the
projections 154, 154, on the bell crank 108 and the lever 108, and the
under box is then in action level with race of the lay, the bell crank 108
and the lever 108* at 106 having always a tendency, from the weight of the
lever 114 attached to them by the rod 102, to fall in towards the pins 153, 153.
When the boxes rest upon the frame 115, with the top shuttle box 3 in action,
and the middle box is required to be put in action, then the rod 157,
Figure XIV., is exposed to the action of the lever 97, and by means of the
lever 113, and the rod 103, raises the boxes till the pins 153, 153, Figure XVI.,
rest on the projection of the bell crank 108 and the lever 108 and 106. It
will be seen that the hooked end. 98 of the rod 157, Figure XIV., is farther
from the lever 97 than the rod 156, for bringing the under box into action,
and, consequently, the lift merely brings up the second box. The rod 158 is
used for bringing the box down to rest on the frame 115, putting the top box 3
into action. This lever effects this change whether the middle box 2 or under
box 1 be in action previously. It is done by exposing the rod 158 already

page_text: mentioned to the action of the lever 97, and raising the lever 114, which lever
moves up the rod 102, see Figure XVI., and bell crank 108, being elevated
at 107, moves the bell crank and lever at 106, 106, away from the pins 153, 153
and allows the box to fall to the bottom. When the under shuttle box 1 is
in action the rod 159, Figure XIV., is used to bring down the box and place
the middle shuttle box 2 in action. It will be seen that the rod 159 is con-
nected to the same lever as the rod 158, and from its greater length than
rod 158 already described, it will be raised less by the action of the lever 97,
and open bell crank 108, and lever 108, at 106, Figure XVI., only so far as
to allow the pins 153 to rest on 106, placing the middle box in action. It
will be seen from the mechanism described that the box can be raised from
top to bottom, from bottom to top, from bottom to middle, or from top to
middle, thereby placing any one of the shuttles in action that is desired. It
will also be readily perceived by a workman, from the above description, that any
of the modifications of pattern surfaces described as applied to the weaving by
leaves of heddles or other suitable pattern surface, may be applied to govern the
rods 156, 157, 158, 159. It will be seen also that the shift as described applied
to the working of leaves of heddles may be used in this checking apparatus;
also a detached side view of it is shewn at Figure XV. case 124, with pins c
and rod 156 placed in it, is made to move upon a joint 121, fastened on the
bracket 125. 122 is a handle with small eccentric 160 upon it; this handle
turns on a stud 161, and when the pins c are to be elevated to the upper row
of holes or pattern surface, the handle 122 is turned into the dotted position
123, and the eccentric 160 presses up the case 124 with the pins c to the
upper pattern surface. 126 is a spring for keeping case 124 close to the
eccentric 160.
105, Figure XV., is the driver for throwing the shuttle in the three box end of
Jay 111. Figure XVI. is the stick for taking back the driver 105 clear of the
box 104, previous to the box being shifted. The stick 111 moves on a stud 163,
fastened to the lay by the bracket 162. 110, a spring connected to bottom
of the lay and end of stick 111. The driver is moved with the shuttle
towards the reed in the usual way, and when this takes place the driver 105
being attached to the stick 111 at 164 by a cord, will turn the end 164 also
towards the reed and extend the spiral spring 110; and the instant the driver
has thrown the shuttle, the spring 110 will move the end of the stick at 164
away from the reed, and bring the driver 105 clear of the box 104.
Figure XVI. D represents the single end box of lay which has two
drivers 165 and 166 for picking the shuttle; also two cords 167 and 168,

page_text: attached to the picking stick 169. The object of this double driver and cord
is to make sure of getting the shuttle out of the single box end of lay; for in
the event of the single cord giving way, the shuttle would remain in the box,
and the loom continue to work till a change took place in the three-end box,
and a second shuttle would be thrown from it, and not getting into the single
box end of lay, would cause a sniash or breakage of the warp threads to take
place. The cord 167, which need not be very strong, is made so long that
when the throw of the shuttle is depending upon it, that the shuttle will
merely be thrown out of the box and not thrown across the lay, and
its absence from the box will stop the loom by means of the ordinary
protecting motion.
Figure XVII. represents an end view of a lay, shewing a different
arrangement between the pattern surface and the shuttle box, suitable where
two shuttles only are used. D is the lay. 104, a two-shuttle box. 139, a
socket or guide attached to box moving on the spindle 138. 128, a ratchet,
attached to wiper 129, and moving upon a stud 170, fixed to the lay. 130, a
lever with spring or catch 131, for moving the ratchet and changing the box.
133, a lever for lifting the box, with a small pulley 134 fixed on it, and resting
on wiper 129. The rod 127 is connected and rests on the point of the
lever 133. 135, a lever, with hooked end 98 projecting towards the lever
130, and moving on the stud 137, fixed to the framing of the loom. There is
only one rod 156, operated upon by the pattern surface in the same way as
one of the rods with hooked end 98 in Figure XIV. The use of this rod is
merely to move the hooked lever 135, Figure XVII., in or out upon the
lever 130, when the hooked lever 135 is moved in upon the lever 130. By
the effect of the pattern surface it takes hold of the lever 130 by the hook 98,
as the lay D moves forward, and turns the ratchet one tooth whenever the
pattern surface requires the box or shuttle to be changed. The undulatory
surface of the wiper 129, according as it is turned below the pulley 134,
either raises or lowers the shuttle box. It will be seen, as in the method
shewn at Figure XIV., that the apparatus for changing the box is merely put
in motion by the pattern surface when a change of shuttle is required. The
rod 135, Figure XVII., is made in two parts, and joined by the spring 136.
which would yield if anything obstructed the movement of the box 104, and
prevent the box being destroyed. A double or protection shuttle cord or
driver is used in this case in the single end box of lay, as well as in the
plan shewn at Figure XVI.
It will be seen by the practical weaver that in regard to the three

page_text: modifications of pattern surfaces the disc F, Figure 1, the cylinder or barrel J,
Figure IV., and the plate or endless band 36, Figure XI., that the methods
of applying them in combination with leaves of heddles may be various.
I therefore do not confine myself to the precise methods here shown of
working these pattern surfaces, but claim,-
Firstly, the mode of applying these perforated pattern surfaces for the
working of leaves of heddles when applied to shuttle weaving, either in the
power or hand loom, whereby these pattern surfaces move to and from the
instruments they act upon. And I also claim the changing the direction of
action of pattern surfaces which move to and from the instruments with which
they work, by the action of part of the pattern surface.
Secondly, I claim the method of applying the lever M for carrying, pattern
surfaces to and from the instruments acted upon by the pattern surfaces,
either in power or hand looms, as was described in regard to Figures I., IV.,
and XI.
Thirdly, I claim the improved accommodating connecting rod P. when
combined with the spring q, Figure XII., for working the Jacquard barrel 53,
and the improved spring 62 for squaring the barrel: when the Jacquard
barrel and cards are applied to the working of a harness by power.
Fourthly, I claim the levers u and's and the form of spring Q, Figure IX.,
for working leaves of heddles. I also claim the methods berein described, in
regard to Figures IX. and X., for giving a uniform shed of the warp at the
reed. And I also claim, in regard to Figure VII. and Figure VII.", the mode
of working leaves of heddles by the improved accommodating rods P and
spring q, or any mechanical contrivance answering the purpose of the rods P
and spring 9, whereby the Jacquard barrel o, when moved in, may yield in the
event of any obstruction between the barrel and the apparatus communicating
motion to the leaves of heddles. And I also claim the improved squaring
spring 14 when Jacquard barrels are used for working leaves of heddles, as.
herein described.
1
Fifthly, I claim the changing the patterns produced in weaving.by causing
the instruments acted upon by the pattern surface to be shifted in their.
position, or by causing the pattern surface to be shifted in respect to the
instruments acted upon, either by the hand or by the loom itself, as therein
described.
Sixthly, I claim the applying of the pattern surfaces already described to
govern the shuttle boxes, and the manner of applying pattern surfaces therein.
described. Also the application of a shift generally, to pattern surfaces

page_text: so employed. I also claim the using of two picking cords and two drivers, as
is shewn at Figure XVI.*, and the lever 135 with accommodating spring 136,
Figure XVII.
In witness whereof, I, the said John McBride, have hereunto set iny
hand and seal, at Glasgow, the Ninth day of January, One thousand
eight hundred and forty-five years.
Signed, sealed, and delivered, by the
within-named John McBride, before
and in presence of
JOHN (L.S.) MCBRIDE.
JOHN LANG,
J. P. for Lanarkshire.
I, John Gebbie, of the City of Glasgow, Clerk at Law, do hereby declare
that I was present, together with John Hutchison, of the City of Glasgow,
also Clerk at Law, and did see John M°Bride, Manager of the Nursery
Spinning and Weaving Mills, Hutchesontoun, Glasgow, sign, seal, and as his
act and deed, acknowledge and deliver a certain deed or instrument in
writing hereunto annexed, bearing date the Ninth day of January, Eighteen
hundred and forty-five years, purporting to be a Specification describing and
ascertaining the nature of the said John McBride's Invention of "Certain
Improvements in the Machinery and Apparatus for Weaving by Hand, Steam,
or other Power." And I do further declare that the name "John McBride,"
set and subscribed to the said Deed, as the party executing the same, is of the
proper handwriting of the said John McBride; and that the names " J. Gebbie"
and "J. Hutchison," set and subscribed to the attestation of the said Deed as
witnesses to the signing and sealing thereof, are of the proper handwriting of
the said John Huchison and of me, this Declarant, respectively. And I do

page_text: solemnly and sincerely declare that this Declaration is made by me under the
conscientious knowledge and belief that the same is true, the said Declaration
being emitted in virtue of an Act passed in the fifth and sixth years of the
reign of His Majesty William the Fourth, entitled "An Act to repeal an
Act of the present Session of Parliament, entituled, An Act for the more
effectual Abolition of Oaths and Affirmations, taken and made in various
Departments of the State, and to substitute Declarations in lieu thereof,
and for the more entire Suppression of voluntary and extra-judicial Oaths
and Affidavits, and to make other Provisions for the Abolition of unnecessary
Oaths"

page_text: Samuel Carpmael, of the Patent Office, Lincoln's Inn, in the County of
Middlesex, Gentleman, maketh oath and saith, that he is acquainted with the
character of the handwriting of John Lang, Esquire, a Justice of the Peace,
residing at Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, within that part of the United
Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland called Scotland; and this Deponent
further saith, that the name or signature "John Lang," with the addition
"J. P.," set, subscribed, and written upon or indorsed in the margin of the
Specification marked A. hereunto annexed, and dated the Ninth day of
January instant, and purporting to be executed by John McBride, Manager
of the Nursery Spinning and Weaving Mills, Glasgow aforesaid, whereby it is
stated that the said Specification was acknowledged by him, the said John
McBride, before the said John Lang, on the said Ninth day of January
instant, at Glasgow aforesaid, is of the proper handwriting of the said John
Lang; and this Deponent further saith, that the said John Lang, at the time
of setting and subscribing his name to the said Specification, in manner above
stated, was, and now is, to the best of the knowledge and belief of this
Deponent, one of the Justices of the Peace acting in and for that part of
the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland called Scotland.
AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the oath of Samuel Carpmael, the
Specification aforesaid was enrolled word for word as above written. And
also the Specification aforesaid was stamped according to the tenor of the
Statute made for that purpose.