Improvements in and relating to Operating Gear for the Valves of Pumps, Compressors, and the like.
Year: 1889

page_text: Date of Application, 5th Sept., 1889
Complete Specification Left, 10th Mar., 1890-Accepted, 12th Apr., 1890
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATIUA.
Improvements in and relating to Operating Gear for the Valves of
Pumps, Compressors, and the like.
I, ALOIS RIEDLER, of Berlin, in the Empire of Germany, Professor at the
Polytechnic Academy, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
This invention relates to the valves of pumps, compressors and the like, and has
for its object to time the operation of the valves according to the movements of the
piston, in order to ensure exact working of the pump-valves.
According to the present invention, I attain this object by allowing the valves to
open automatically under the action of the difference of the pressures acting ou
opposite sides of the same, and by combining the said valves with a suitable gear
operated by a moving part of the pump or its driving engine or motor and adapted
to urge the valve to its seat just before the piston begins the stroke during which
the valve is to be closed and to set it free again before the next reversal of the
stroke.
The closing gear consists in all cases of a closing lever, intended to press down the
valve at the instant it is to close and a link or connecting rod connecting the said
closing lever to the driving part, which may be a crank or eccentric or any recipro-
It is obvious that any
cating part of the pump or of the engine driving the same.
transmitting mechanism such as levers and links may be interposed between the said
link and the driving part.
When the eccentric, crank or reciprocating part driving the closing gear changes
its stroke at the same time as the pump piston, it is necessary that, in the moment
when the valve is closed by the closing lever, the connecting rod or link should be
placed in line with the centre line of the eccentric, or with the crank, or the arm of
the intermediate lever to which it is jointed, as in this case only, the closing lever
is withdrawn from the valve by the following movement of the eccentric or crank.
As the connecting rod or link, when operated by a crank or eccentric moves with
least speed when arriving in its extreme position just referred to, and as it is desirable
on the other hand, that the valve should be closed with increasing speed, suitably
arranged intermediate levers may be interposed between the link operating the closing
lever and the crank or eccentric. Another means for achieving this end consists in
so arranging the actuating link and the arm of the closing lever to which it is
jointed, that the angle between these two parts becomes very small while the valve
is being closed. In this way a rapid decrease of the effective lever arm is obtained,
which corresponds to a proportionate increase of angular speed of the closing lever.
The above described arrangement may likewise be used with driving eccentrics,
which do not change the stroke at the same time as the pump piston, but present a
given angle of advance relatively to the pump crank. It is only necessary in this
case to so arrange all parts, that at the moment when the pump piston changes its
stroke and the closing lever has closed the valve, the actuating link is placed in line
In this case too,
with the lever arm and crank by which motion is imparted to it.
either of the means herein before described for increasing the speed of the valve can
be used.
If it be preferred, in the case of driving eccentrics placed at an angle of advance
relatively to the pump crank, to utilize for the closing of the valve that portion of
the motion of the connecting-rod during which the same has nearly attained its
highest speed, provision must be made for enabling the closing gear to continue its
way or oscillation in the same direction after the valve has been closed. This may
be done by interposing springs or their equivalents into the closing gear in such a

page_text: manner that these springs of sufficient resiliency first close the valve and afterwards.
while the gear continues moving in the same direction are extended. Such springs
may be arranged between the valve and closing lever or in the joints of the con-
necting rods and levers. In the case of hard foreign bodies getting between the
valve and its seat, the said spring or springs will by yielding prevent the closing
gear from being injured.
Dated this 5th day of September 1889.
HASELTINE, LAKE & Co.,
45, Southampton Buildings, London, Agents for the Applicant.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and relating to Operating Gear for the Valves of
Pumps, Compressors, and the like.
I, ALOIS RIEDLER of Berlin, in the Empireof Germany, Professor at the Polytechnic
Academy, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement:
This invention relates to the valves of pumps, compressors and the like, and it has
for its object to time the operation of the valves according to the movements of the
piston, in order to ensure exact working of the valves.
According to the invention this object is achieved by allowing the valves to open
automatically under the action of the difference of the pressures acting on opposite
sides of the same, and by combining the said valves with a suitable gear operated by a
moving part of the pump or its driving engine and adapted to urge the valve to its
seat a moment before the piston begins the stroke during which the valve ought to be
closed and to set it free again before the next reversal of the stroke.
The closing gear consists in all cases of a closing lever, intended to press down the
valve in the moments when it is to close, and a link or connecting rod, connecting the
said closing lover to the driving part, which may be a crank or eccentric or any
reciprocating part of the pump or of the engine driving the same. Obviously any
transmitting mechanism such as levers and links may be interposed between the said
link and the driving part.
In order to make the invention perfectly clear I will hereinafter fully describe the
same with reference to the accompanying sheet of drawing in which,
Figure 1 shows a closing gear operated by an eccentric cam or reciprocating part
which changes its stroke at the same time as the pump piston.
Figure 2 represents a similar closing gear driven by an eccentric which is arranged
at a given angle of lead relatively to the pump crank or by a reciprocating part
which does not change its stroke at the same time as the pump piston.
Figures 3 and 4 are diagrams of closing gears operated by reciprocating rods,
whose changes of strokes do not coincide with those of the pump piston these gears
being provided with interposed springs which yield after the valve is closed.
Figure 5 shows a closing gear actuated by rods the changes of stroke of which
alternate with those of the pump piston a cam oscillated by these rods forcibly closing
the valve and allowing the said is to continue their movement in the same direction
after the valve has been closed.
In the arrangement of the closing gear shown by Figure 1 the eccentric E, the
changes of stroke of which take place at the same time as those of the pump crank k.
oscillates by means of an interposed link r, the lever 11, operating to close the valve r.
These parts are so arranged that at the moment of the change of stroke when the
valve is to be closed, the centre lines m E of the rod r and En of the eccentric are
in line with each other.
In consequence of this arrangement the link I and lever will as soon as the
crank moves beyond the dead point, necessarily make a retrograding movement by
which the lever arm is lifted off the valve v, which is thus free to open automatically
at the next change of stroke, when the crank has arrived at k¹.

page_text: It will be seen from the foregoing statement, that the characteristic feature of the
arrangement lies in the points m En being placed in the same straight line at the
moment when the valve is to be closed.
As, with the relative position of the pump crank and the eccentric shown in
Figure 1, the link moves with decreasing speed at the moment when the valve is to
be closed and as it is desirable that the closing of the valve should be effected with
increasing speed, intermediate levers may be interposed between the said link and the
closing lever, in such a manner that the speed of this latter is suitably increased.
For the same purpose the lever arm / may be so arranged relatively to the link that
the angle a between these two parts becomes very small while the valve is being closed.
By this means a rapid decrease of the effective lever arm p is obtained which
corresponds to a proportionate increase of the angular speed of the closing
lever l¹.
As illustrated by Figure 2 the above described arrangement of the valve closing
gear may likewise be used when the eccentric E is keyed to the crank shaft with an
angle of lead & so that its changes of stroke do not coincide with those of the pump
crank k.
It is obvious that in this case too, the closing gear presents the characteristic
feature, referred to above, of the link which transmits to the oscillating closing
lever the movements of the eccentric E, being placed at the moment when the
valve is closed, in a straight line m En with the centre line En of the eccentric.
Also the angular speed of the closing lever is suitably increased by reducing as far
as possible the angle a.
In cases where it is not possible to arrange the eccentric rod in the described
position, transmitting parts may be interposed between the eccentric E and the link r,
for instance a swinging lever actuated by the eccentric rod. Obviously, in this case
the condition of being placed in line with the link oscillating the closing lever
must be fulfilled by that arm of the intermediate lever which is jointed to the said
link, as then the lever arm will be caused to remove from the valve v immediately
after the change of stroke, which coincides in time with this position of the said
parts.
If existing circumstances compel the operation of the closing gear by an eccentric E
Figures 3 and 4 or by reciprocating rods the motion of which is not reversed, at the
same time as that of the pump piston, a suitable speed of motion in closing the valve v
may be obtained by means of a link and levermechanism which closes the valve while
the eccentric E is passing through the space a E consequently in such a period that
the eccentric transmits to the mechanism a considerable speed at the moment when
the valve is closed (position E of the eccentric) in this case, however, the further
movement of the closing gear, which is imparted to it by the eccentric moving from E
to band from 6 to E¹ ought to be without action on the valve r already closed.
The object may be achieved as shown in Figure 3, by interposing between the
closing lever and the valve vor between two parts of the closing gear, a
sufficiently stiff plate spring f which while the eccentric is turning from a to E acts as
a rigid transmitting rod and forcibly closes the valve, while, after the closing of the
valve, during the portiou E 6 of the revolution of the eccentric the said spring is bent,
as shown by the dotted line under the action of the closing gear, which continues
moving in the same direction. At the beginning of the retrograding movement of
the closing gear while the eccentric is passing through the portion b E' of its
revolution the spring moves into its original position and afterwards as the eccentric
continues turning, the spring is removed trom the valve e, which is thus set free and
enabled to open automatically on the next change of stroke.
Figure 4 shows a tensile spring f¹ instead of a pressure spring f this tensile spring
being temporarily extended while the closing gear continues moving in the same
direction after the closing of the valve (portion EE of the revolution of the
eccentric). In the case of such tensile springs being used, which can be extended as
well as compressed or bent, it is not necessary that there should be a latterally

page_text: transmitting connection between the spring and the valve as such tensile springs are
yielding during the portion Ec Figure 3 of the revolution of the eccentric.
Another means for preventing a leading eccentric (or a correspondingly moving
reciprocating part) adapted to close the valve v during the portion a E of its
revolution, which imparts the highest speed, from acting upon the valve v, while
running through the space Eb consists, as shown in Figure 5, in an oscillating
cam d, e, f interposed into the closing gear. This cam, to which an oscillating
movement round its pivot o is imparted by the concentric E, is provided at its working
edge with a portion or section e, ee, eccentrical relatively to the pivot o, by which
portion e, ee, the closing gear is so displaced, while the eccentric is advancing from a
to E, that the valve v is closed when the eccentric has arrived at E, the pump crank
being at this moment on its dead point k, Figure 5. The antifriction roller r arranged
at the free end of a lever connected to the valve stem, then passes upon a portion e, f
of the cam edge, concentric to the pivot o of the cam, and so the to-and-fro movement
of the cam, beneath the roller r, caused by the portion E6 E' of the revolution of the
eccentric E, will be without action upon the closing gear and consequently upon the
valve v.
When the cam def, instead of oscillating round a pivot o, would be reciprocated
in a straight line, its portions del and ef would be parallel to its path instead of
being concentrical to the pivot.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what 1
claim is:
་
First. In operating gear for automatically opening valves, a transmitting link or
lever, which at the moment when the valve is closed, is placed in line with the crank,
eccentric or link actuating it, so that, in consequence of the said actuating part
continuing its movement, the closing gear is removed from the valve, substantially as
and for the purpose described.
Second. In operating gear for automatically opening valves, the interposition of an
elastically yielding part, such as a spring, between the valve and the closing gear or
into said gear, in order to enable the closing gear, or part of the same to continue its
movement in the same direction after the valve has been closed, substantially as
set forth.
Third. In operating gear for automatically opening valves, an oscillating cam
interposed into the gear, the said cam being so shaped as to transmit a given portion
only of its movement upon the parts of the gear directly actuating the valve, so that
these parts of the gear remain stationary while the cam continues moving in the same
direction after the pump has changed its stroke, substantially as, and for the purpose
described.
HASELTINE, LAKE & Co.,
45, Southampton Buildings, London, Agents for the Applicant.