IMPROVEMENTS IN AND RELATING TO MACHINERY FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF PAPER A
Year: 1883

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Leopold Zeyen of Raguhn, doing business under the firm
or style of Gottl, Heerbrandt of Raguhn, Dukedom of Anhalt, German Empire
for an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN AND RELATING TO MACHINERY FOR
THE MANUFACTURE OF PAPER A communication to him from Carl Bötter
of Oberwesel. Prussia, German Empire
"
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Leopold Zeyen at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 28th February 1883.
LEOPOLD ZEYEN of Raguhn, doing business under the firm or style of Gottl:
Heerbrandt of Raguhn, Dukedom of Anhalt, German Empire "IMPROVEMENTS IN
AND RELATING TO MACHINERY FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF PAPER [A com-
munication to him from Carl Bötter of Oberwesel, Prussia, German Empire.]
"
Heretofore, owing to the want of cohesion in the fibrine used in the manufacture
of paper and the great speed at which paper is drawn through the machines,
irregularities in the working of the driving engine and of the machinery, as well
as the contraction and expansion of the driving straps caused by variations in the
dampness of the atmosphere, jerks have very often been caused which tear the
paper.
In order to obviate these irregularities wherever the paper is exposed to them,
and with a view to regulating the drawing of the paper through the, machine I
provide the drawing rollers with spring bearings and arrange these rollers if
possible between the damping presses, between the last damping press and the
first drying roller, in front and at the back of the damp folding rollers and behind
the drying roller. The degrees of tension of the paper as it is being drawn through
are so variable at the points named, and at most of them so slight, that if the
same are to be utilized in the overcoming of elastic resistances, the friction
resistances must be reduced to a minimum, and it is to this end that the spring
bearings which regulate the run of the paper have been constructed. By using these
spring bearings the effects of the above named inconveniences will be considerably
reduced.

page_text: In carrying the said invention into practice I provide a bearing frame having a
slot in which a block running upon the rollers can move in order to reduce as much
as possible the friction of the block in the slot
Two spiral springs arranged parallel with the length of the slot at one end press
against lateral projections on the roller block and at the other end against
projections at the rear extremity of the slot
All pressure or strains transmitted from the cylinder shaft to the roller block is
received by the said springs whence it follows that the mechanism which draws the
paper through is allowed to yield whereby in most cases all tearing is obviated,
while the passage of the paper is automatically regulated in the most efficient
manner, and the waste of paper is limited to its natural edges.
By the arrangement of the block upon the rollers its friction in the slot of the
frame is reduced to a minimum, so that resistance when the block is displaced is
reduced simply to the resistance offered by the spring.
In order to regulate at will the pressure of the springs upon the block the rear
extremity of the spiral spring rests against a slide in the slot, which slide can be
moved and adjusted by a set-screw fitted to the frame-The said set-screw may be
provided with a lock-nut so as to prevent it from becoming loose. Instead of a
spring I sometimes use a lever having two arms set at an angle to each other
(preferably at right angles) and pivoted above the frame; one of the said arıs
enters a slot in the upper frame work, and at the lower end is arranged to bear
against the roller block.. If the position of the lever be so adjusted as to make its
upper arm lie normally nearly horizontal, then the pressure exerted upon the block
will be as uniform as possible.
:
:
With paper only half pressed and still quite undried the lever or springs must
be relieved from the weight of the paper feed cylinder; for this purpose the block
rests upon supports, the feet of which are carried by a rail which by means of an
adjusting guide screw can be moved up and down, and to and fro in a slot. The
construction of this automatic regulator is capable of many modifications; the
essential part of my invention however consists not in a special construction, but
in the mode of arranging the feed cylinders of paper machines in yielding spring
bearings, to the end that the evils of variable speeds may be obviated and the
passage of the paper be automatically regulated.
Adjustable bearings have heretofore been used for feed cylinders but simply for
the purpose of keeping the cylinders perfectly parallel; yielding bearings have
never hitherto been used for the purposes described.
The mechanism hereinbefore described is adapted to obviate the injurious
consequences of sudden changes of speed within the separate sections of the paper
making machinery, which changes though often acting separately may also at times
act together and then cause considerable damage:
Through the easy adjustability of bearings set for a maximum of tension, the
paper contracts or expands, as and when the change of speed occurs in one or
other of the sections according to the requirements of the case.
The use of this invention not only obviates the difficulties of a large increase
and constant grouping of the drying cylinders, but affords an opportunity for
utilizing efficient smoothing. apparatus in, between, and behind the drying
cylinders, even with paper having a very large admixture of woody fibre.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said Leopold Zeyen in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
24th August 1883.
LEOPOLD ZEYEN of Raguhn, doing business under the firm or style of Gottl
Heerbrandt, of Raguhn, Dukedom of Anhalt, German Empire. "IMPROVEMENTS
IN AND RELATING TO MACHINERY FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF PAPER." A com-
munication to me from Carl Bötter, of Oberwesel, Prussia, German Empire.
Heretofore owing to the weakness of the fibres used in the manufacture of
paper and the great speed at which paper is drawn through the machines,
irregularities in the working of the driving engine and of the machinery, as well
as the contraction and expansion of the driving straps caused by variations in the
dampness of the atmosphere, have very often caused the paper to tear as it was
being drawn between the rollera.
In order to obviate the injury to the paper resulting from irregularities in the
speed of the same when being drawn through the machine, whereever the paper is
exposed to them; and with a view to regulate, the drawing of the paper I provide
the feed or guide rollers with yielding bearings and arrange when practicable the
said rollers between the damping presses, between the last damping press and the
first drying roller, in front and at the back of the damp smoothing rollers, and
behind the last drying roller.
.
The tension of the paper as it is being drawn is so variable at the points
named, and at most of them so slight, that, if the same is to be utilized in the
overcoming of elastic resistances, the friction must be reduced to a minimum and
it is to this end that the present yielding bearings have been constructed.
By using the said yielding bearings the effects of the above named inconveniences
will be considerably reduced.
In the accompanying drawing
Figure 1 is a side elevation of a yielding bearing constructed according to this
invention
Figure 1 is a plan of the same
Figures 2 and 3 show in elevation different means for regulating the movement
of the said bearing
Figure 4 is an underside view of the bearing removed from its guides, and
showing the friction rollers
Figures 5, 6 and 7 are a side elevation, plan and sectional end elevation
respectively showing means for supporting the bearings.
According to the said invention I provide a frame A having a slot a in which
the bearing L, having rollers as shown in Figure 4, is free to move. The said
rollers are provided in order to reduce as much as possible the friction of the
bearing in the said slot.
As shown in Figure 1, two spiral springs ff are arranged, one on each side of
the longitudinal axis of the slot a and one end of each of which bears against a
ateral projection b on the bearing L; as the other ends bear against the pro-
ections c at the back of the slot, all the strain transmitted from the roller shaft to
the bearing L is received by the said springs f. It will thus be seen that the
bearings of the rollers which draw the paper are allowed to yield, so that, in most
cases, all tearing is prevented, while the passage of the paper is automatically
regulated in the most efficient manner, and the waste of paper is limited to its
atural edges.
3.
By arranging the bearing upon the rollers, its friction in the slot a of the
.7

page_text: b
. J
frame is reduced to a minimum, so that the resistance to the movement
said bearing is reduced to the resistance offered by the spring.
UL
In order to regulate the pressure of the springs f upon the bearing. I some-
times arrange at the rear extremity of the [said springs, as shown in Figure 2, a
Bliding piece Z which moves in the slot a of the frame A; and which can be
adjusted by means of a set screw k fitted in the rear part of the said frame. In
order to prevent the said screw from becoming loose, the same may be provided
with a lock-nut. Instead of a spring I sometimes use a lever h h¹ as shown in
Figure 3, having two arms set at an angle to one another and pivotted above the
slot. At the end of the arm h¹ which extends through an aperture formed in the
upper part of the frame A is fixed a rod a¹ which connects the said lever with the
bearing L. If the position of the lever h be so adjusted as to cause its upper arm
to lie nearly horizontally when the bearing L is. moving only slightly in the slot,
the pressure exerted upon the said bearing will be nearly uniform
With paper only half pressed and undried the lever or spring must be relieved
from the weight of the drawing or feed rollers; this is effected by means of the
apparatus shown in Figures 5, 6 and 7 in which the bearing L is shown as being
carried upon the supports or spindles S. The foot of each support is fixed to a
metal plate M which can be raised or lowered by means of a regulating screw g,
and can also be moved to and fro in a slot by means of a screw d, thus enabling
the accurate adjustment of the bearing and an even loading of the supports.
The construction of this automatic regulator is capable of many modifications;
the essential part of my invention consisting in no special construction, but in
providing the drawing or feed rollers of paper machines with yielding bearings in
order to prevent any irregularities and to regulate automatically the passage of the
paper through the machine. A bearing having a yielding motion but without
rollers has hitherto been used for one of the drawing rollers of the drying
apparatus in order to obviate the evil effects of irregular drying. Heretofore the
drawing rollers used for paper which is in a moist state have not been subjected
to any displacement or movement of any kind apart from their rotating motion.
Movable bearings have been already in use but only in order to allow the rollers
to be kept parallel to one another. Movable bearings have never been used for
the above mentioned purpose that is to say, for regulating the drawing of the
paper, whilst the same is being prepared and finished.
The arrangement hereinbefore described is adapted to obviate the injurious
consequences of sudden changes of speed in the various parts of the paper-making
machinery, which may often counterbalance each other but which may sometimes
act together and cause considerable damage.
In consequence of the easy motion of the bearing which is set for a maximum of
tension, the distance between the different' rollers is shortened or lengthened
according as a change of speed is effected in either part of the machinery.
This invention will be of great importance for any future improvements which
may be effected to paper making machinery as it not only obviates the difficulties
of a large increase in the number of drying rollers but also affords an opportunity
for efficiently utilizing smoothing apparatus placed between the drying rollers and
at the back of the same, especially in the case of paper composed to a great extent
of woody fibres, an advantage which has not heretofore been obtained.
Having thus fully described the said invention as communicated to me by my
Correspondent, and the manner of performing the same, I wish it understood that
I claim:-
First. The method hereinbefore described for obviating the detrimental effects of
irregularities in the speed of the motor or operating devices of paper-making
machines, which method consists in varying the length of paper between two o
more feed or guide rolls, or sets of such rolls, according to the variation in thei
speed and consequent variation in the tension of the paper, whereby the said
tension is maintained practically uniform, substantially as described
Second. In a paper-making machine, the combination of two or more guide o

page_text: feed rolls, or sets of such rolls mounted in yielding bearings, substantially as
described for the purpose specified.
Third. The herein described yielding bearing, consisting of the pillow block or
bearing mounted on antifriction rollers and arranged to slide in a slot formed in a
support, in combination with appliances substantially as described for imparting
elasticity to the bearing, as, and for the purpose, specified.
Fourth. The support A having the guide slot a, in combination with the
bearing L mounted on antifriction rollers r, and one or more springs f, substantially
as described for the purpose specified.
Fifth. The combination of the support A having a guide slot a, with the
bearing L mounted on antifriction rollers r, and devices, substantially as described,
for rendering the bearing elastic and for adjusting the elasticity thereof, substan-
tially as described for the purpose specified.
Sixth. The combination, with a guide or feed roll of a paper-making machine,
its bearings and a slotted support therefor, of vertically adjustable spindles or
supports whereby the said bearings may be held practically out of contact with
the walls of the slot, and permitted to oscillate upon and with the said spindles,
substantially as, and for the purpose, specified.
Seventh. The combination, with a guide or feed roll of a paper-making machine,
its bearings and the slotted support therefor, of vertically adjustable spindles upon,
and with, which the bearings may oscillate, and appliances substantially as described
for imparting elasticity to the movements of the bearings, substantially as, and for
the purpose, specified.
In witness whereof I the said Leopold Zeyen have hereunto set my hand and
seal this Eleventh day of August in the year of Our Lord One thousand eight
hundred and eighty three.