IMPROVEMENTS IN THE FORM OF METAL BARS USED FOR THE STILES, RAILS, HEADS, AND SILLS OF WINDOW SASHES, CASEMENTS, AND OTHER LIGHTS
Year: 1859

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Bruce Gingell, of 37, Corn Street, in the
City of Bristol, Architect, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
FORM OF METAL BARS USED FOR THE STILES, RAILS, HEADS, AND SILLS OF
WINDOW SASHES, CASEMENTS, AND OTHER LIGHTS."
Sealed the 15th September 1859, and dated the 19th March 1859.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Bruce Gingell
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
19th March 1859.
I, WILLIAM BRUCE GINGELL, of 37, Corn Street, in the City of Bristol;
Architect, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE FORM OF METAL BARS USED FOR THE STILES, RAILS, HEADS, AND
SILLS OF WINDOW SASHES, CASEMENTS, AND OTHER LIGHTS," to be as follows:-
Ribs or flanges are formed upon the back or unmoulded and unrebated side-
of the bar in the direction of its length of any required projection, and either
of a rectangular, curved, or beveled form, and the bar is made either by
casting from patterns or by being passed. through grooved rollers, while the
metal is in a heated state. The ribs or flanges are the parts claimed as new.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said William Bruce Gingell in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 17th September 1859.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
BRUCE GINGELL, of 37, Corn Street, in the City of Bristol, Architect, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Nineteenth day of March, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-nine, in the twenty-second
year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and
grant unto me, the said William Bruce Gingell, Her special licence
that I, the said William Bruce Gingell, my executors, administrators,
and assigns, or such others as I, the said William Bruce Gingell, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with,
and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the
term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise,
and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE FORM OF METAL BARS USED FOR THE STILES, RAILS, HEADS, AND SILLS OF
WINDOW SASHES, CASEMENTS, AND OTHER LIGHTS," upon the condition (amongst
others) that I, the said William Bruce Gingell, my executors or adminis-
trators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their
hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature
of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed,
and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
. NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said William Bruce Gingell, do hereby
declare, the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be, performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement, reference being had to the, Sheet of Drawings
hereunto annexed, and to the letters and figures marked thereon (that
is, to say):
:
My Invention relates to improvements in the form of metal bars used for
the styles, rails, heads, or sills of window, sashes, casements, skylights, or other
framework or fittings intended to recieve glass or other transparent or semi-
transparent material, whether for dwelling houses; manufactories, or other
buildings, or for conservatories, greenhouses, and other similar constructions.

page_text: Metal bars of the form known as "half rebate" have been heretofore in
common use for some of these purposes, but in all cases with a flat back
surface, and such as exhibited in Fig: 1 of the annexed Sheet of Drawings.
Now my improvements consist in förming on such flat back surface, or on
part thereof, longitudinal ribs, flanges, or projections, as at Figs. 2, 3, 4, 5, 6;
or similar thereto, to produce greater strength and rigidity.
Fig. 2 represents a portion of a rebated bar, having two longitudinal ribs a, a,
on the back raised at right angles tlierefrom, the face or rebated and moulded
side being of one of the ordinary forms.
.
Fig. 3 represents a modification of Fig. 2, consisting simply' of the addition
of a third rib a'.
Fig. 4 represents another bar, having three ribs a, a, a¹, bevilled on their
inner surfaces, and it may be on one or both of their exterior surfaces, if
desirable.
Fig. 5 is another illustration of the ribs a of different breadths, as may be
required under-particular circumstances; and more or less bevilled.
Fig. 6 represents a rebated bar, having the ribs rising in a curved form, thus
producing a longitudinal hollow or groove in the back. Three or more ribs
may be formed with curved sides, that is, with two or more hollows or grooves
intervening between them.
Fig. 7 shows a portion of a bar without any rebate, but with two ribs on
the back applicable for the bottom rails of skylights and greenhouse roofs, &c.
with the common metal sash bar or "double rebate," mitred and pinned to
the same..
Fig. 8 shows the application of the ribbed bars to the purposes of meeting,
and bottom rails of metal sashes hung with weights and lines as the ordinary
house sashes, or hung so that the top and bottom sashes balance each other
and rise and fall together.
:
Fig. 9 shows the plan of part of a metal sash hung in either of the modes
last described, and working against thin strips of metal fixed to the common
pulley stiles.
Fig. 10 shows the application of another form of the ribbed or flanged bar,
it being the stile of a sash hung as described with Fig: 8, to slide on oak or
other hard media.
Fig. 11 represents another form of bar traversing bevilled slips of whale-
bone or metal, or other sliding medium, fixed in the ordinary pulley stiles.
Fig. 12 shows another form of rebated bar adapted for sashe's hung with
weights and lines, and worked over friction rollers let into the pulley stiles, the
ribs acting as guides to the sashes in travelling up and down. This form of

page_text: bar is also adapted for large pieces of metal framework required to slide
horizontally over rollers or other aids.
Fig. 13 represents a portion of a rebated bar having friction rollers attached
to the same, and sliding against thin strips of metal let into ordinary pulley
stiles.
not.
The improved bars, with the ribs, flanges, or projections a, a, a¹; or similar
thereto, are very much stronger and more rigid than the old form known as
"half rebate," even with the same quantity of metal therein, and are not only,
much better adapted for all the purposes to which the latter is applied, but
can be used for very many purposes where the old form of "half rebate" could
Thus complete sashes of metal can be most simply and strongly made,
and can be hung to slide in the same or other similar manner to the wood
sashes common in dwelling houses. Perfectly rigid casements, with large
squares of glass, can now be made, and be hung with butt or other hinges at
the side or top to open in or out as desired, or they may be hung on centres.
Large pieces of metal framework for sashes, roofs, lights, &c. may be made
to slide horizontally with or over friction rollers or other aids. Skylights or
other similar framework for admitting light to houses, factories, and other
buildings, or for greenhouses, conservatories, and other similar constructions
may be made wholly of metal, instead of wood stiles and rails being used to
recieve the sash bars or "double rebate;" as at present.
The facilities for forming sashes, skylights, casements, and other similar
metal framework are greatly increased, and the parts can be connected with
much less labor, at the same time that the whole framework is of great
additional strength. Thus the angles or corners of a sash, casement, or piece
of metal framework made of the old "half rebate," which are now pinned or
dovetailed, and then brazed, may be formed with the ribbed bars much
stronger and more readily by being mitred, and then connected with small
angle plates sunk in the grooves formed by the ribs on the bars, and rivetted
to the stiles & rails.
Horizontal and vertical sash bars of any of the present forms, and known as
"double rebate" may still be used, and can be mitred and pinned to the new
ribbed and rebated stiles and rails, without materially weakening them,
whereas the process of mitring the "double rebate" bars into the old "half
rebate" stiles and rails nearly severed it. Butt hinges may be fixed to case-
ments by simply cutting away, the parts of the ribs where the hinges will
come, whereas with the old "half rebate" the entire back of the bar has to be
filed into the depth of half the hinge, which not only destroys all strength in
the bar, but is laborious & costly. The hollow space or grooves between the

page_text: ribs offer a most simple means of making secure joints in any part of a bar,
whether straight or curved, for by abutting two pieces of a bar together, and
inserting a metal plate in the grooves to cover the joint, it may be rivetted
through, and the joint piece kept flush or a little below the upper level of
the ribs.
If it is desired in superior work to have or show greater breadth of frame-
work for casements or for the top, bottom, or meeting rails of sashes or other
similar fittings or framework, the bars may be made with the ribs a, a, deeper
than shown in the Drawings, but in these cases I prefer making up the
required breadth by adding wood to the metal bars.
These improved bars for stiles, rails, heads, or sills, or other similar purpose,
may be made in the ordinary manner of manufacturing sash bars, that is,
by rolling between grooved rolls while the metal is in a heated state, or by
casting in moulds formed by suitable patterns, both as well understood in
rolling or casting iron or other metals.
Having described the nature of my Invention and the manner of per-
forming the same, I declare that what I claim as my Invention, to be
protected by the herein-before in part recited Letters Patent, is, forming longi-
tudinal ribs, flanges, or projections, as or similar to a, a, a¹, on metal bars used
for the stiles, rails, heads, or sills of window sashes, casements, skylights, or
other like framework or fittings, as herein-before described.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Bruce Gingell, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Fourteenth day of September, in the
of our Lord One. thousand eight hundred and fifty-nine.
year
Witness,
FasEllis
W. BRUCE GINGELL. (L.S.)