AN IMPROVED CONSTRUCTION OF SHIP'S AUGER
Year: 1855

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Edward Newton, of the Office for Patents,
66, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex Civil Engineer, for the
...Invention of AN IMPROVED CONSTRUCTION OF SHIP'S AUGER."-A com-
munication.
'
Sealed the 26th November 1855, and dated the 4th June 1855.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION, left by the said William Edward Newton
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on' the
4th June 1855.
I, WILLIAM EDWARD NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery Lane,
in the County of Middlesex; Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature
of the said. Invention for "AN IMPROVED CONSTRUCTION OF SHIP'S AUGER" to be
as follows:
The object of this Invention is to avoid the inconvenience arising from the
breaking of the cutting part or bit of ship's augers. To this end, the Inventor
attaches to the ordinary auger stock a removable bit, which when damaged
or broken may be taken off and replaced by another. In order to fit the stock
to receive the bit, it is cut off square at the end, and in the end of the stock
a projecting pin is firmly fixed, which pin is intended to enter a hole made in
the under side of the bit, and steady, it in its place when attached to the stock.
Through the end of the stock a hole is bored-to receive a screw, which passes
through the bit and secures it to the stock
22
The bit is made of the proper form to cut the chip, and may be in all
L.

page_text: respects like the cutting part of an ordinary ship's auger. It may have upon
it a leading worm for leading it up to its work, or be made without. At the
thinnest part the bit is about a quarter of an inch thick (for an inch auger),
and the lip or perpendicular cutting part about half an inch high. On the
upper or inner side of the bit there is a notch or dovetail (or two of them if
desired) fitting against the extreme end of the stock. The bit is so made that
it may be sharpened by filing until worn off about half an inch without
decreasing its cutting size. When two notches or dovetails are used, no steady
pin will be required. The notch serves to hold the bit steady, and to bear the
strain and save breaking off the steady pin. Only one screw is generally
used, though in large augers two steady pins or two screws may be used.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said William Edward Newton in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 4th December 1855.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
EDWARD NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery Lane, in the County
of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Fourth day of June, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-five, in the eighteenth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said William Edward Newton, Her special license that I, the said
William Edward Newton, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such
others as I, the said William Edward Newton, my executors, administra-
tors, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time
to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should
and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United King-
dom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man,
an Invention for "AN IMPROVED CONSTRUCTION OF SHIP'S AUGER," being a com-
munication from abroad, upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said
William Edward Newton, by an instrument in writing under my hand and
seal, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Inven-
tion, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same
to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next
and immediately after the date of the said Letters. Patent:

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said William Edward Newton, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is
to be performed, to. be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement, reference being had to the Drawing hereunto annexed,
and to the letters and figures marked thereon (that is to say):-
:-
This Invention relates to the application to auger stocks of a separate bit
removable at pleasure, so that if damaged or broken it may be taken off and
another substituted therefor.
To enable all skilled in the business to make and use the improved ship
auger, I proceed to describe its construction and operation, reference being
had to the Drawing hereunto annexed, and making part of this description.
Fig. 1 is an elevation of the cutting side of the auger; Fig. 2 is an eleva-
tion of the opposite side; Fig. 3 is an elevation of one of the augers, shewing
the removable bit provided with a leading worm or screw; Fig. 4 shews the
face of the bit or cutting part; Fig. 5, the face of the end of the stock from
which the bit has been removed; and Fig. 6, the face of the screw bit; Fig. 7.
is an elevation of the auger with the bit removed; Fig. 8 shews the upper
or inner face of the bit; Fig. 9 is an elevation of the same; Fig. 10, a
perspective view of the same; Fig. 11, a plan, or upper face of a bit, made
with two notches for its attachment, and without the hole for the steady pin;
Fig. 12, a perspective view of the same; Fig. 13, an elevation of the same;
and Fig. 14 is the screw by which the bit is secured to the stock.
In the Drawing, the part of the auger called the bit, A and B, is colored
blue; the part (C, Fig. 7,) to which it is attached is denominated the stock.
The stock to which the bit is to be attached is in common use for ship's
augers; to fit it to receive the bit, it is cut off square at the end (see Fig. 7, C,
and Fig. 5). In the end of the stock is firmly fixed a pin, about an eighth of
an inch in diameter, and extending out about a quarter of an inch. This is
the "steady pin" for the bit. Through the end of the stock there is a hole
(e, Figs. 5 and 7,) for a screw.
The bit is made of the proper form to cut the chip, and may be in all
respects like the cutting part of an ordinary ship's auger. .It may have- -upon
it the leading worm or screw, as in Fig. 3, or be made without it, as in
Figs. 1 and 2; at the thinnest part it is about a quarter of an inch thick
(for an inch auger), and the lip or perpendicular cutting part about half an
inch high. On the upper or inner side of the bit (seen at. Figs. 8, 10, 11,
and 12,) there is a notch or dovetail (or two of them if desired) fitting against
the point of the stock C. The bit is so made that it may be sharpened by
filing until worn off about half an inch without decreasing its cutting size. It

page_text: has a hole through it with a deep countersinkt for the screw (Fig.. 14), which
confines it in place; it has also a hole through the small end or heel to
receive the pin d, except when two notches or dovetails are used, as shewn at
Figs. 11, 12, and 13, and in such case no steady pin is required. The notch
serves to hold the bit steady, and to bear the strain and save breaking off the
steady pin.. Only one screw is generally used, though in large augers two
steady pins or two screws may be used. The junction of the bit with the stock
is shewn at Figs. 2 and 3.
The bit being adapted to the stock, it is put on by entering the pin d in the
pin hole at the heel of the, bit, and then inserting the screw and setting it firm.
The use of this is of great importance. Oftentimes the borer breaks or injures
his-auger by striking against a spike, and he must lose much time in getting
it repaired or getting a new one. In the use of this he is less likely to injure
it, as the bit can be tempered better, but if it be, broken it requires but a few
seconds to take off the broken bit and put on another. The use of this Inven-
tion also enables the borer to have the stocks of his augers made of steel
and polished, so that besides working more easily they would last a lifetime...
Having now, set forth the nature of the Invention of "An Improved
Construction, of Ship's Auger," as communicated to me, by my foreign corre-
spondent,, and explained the manner of carrying, the same into effect, I wish
it to be, understood that, under the above in part recited Letters Patent I claim
affixing to the end of an auger stock a separate piece A to constitute the
cutting part, and securing it in position by means of a dovetail notch or
notches and a screw with or without a steady pin d,, constructed and arranged
substantially as above described.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Edward Newton, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, the 'Fourth day of December, in the year of
our Lord. One, thousand eight hundred and fifty-five.
Witness,
"J. W. MOFFATT,
66, Chancery Lane.
W. E. NEWTON.
(L.S.)