CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OR MANUFACTURE OF HINGES FOR DOORS
Year: 1821

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, DAVID.
REDMUND, of Agnes Circus, Old Street Road, in the County of. Middlesex,
Engineer, send greeting.
WHEREAS His most. Excellent Majesty King George the Fourth did, by
His Letters Patent under the Great Seal of that part of the United Kingdom
of Great Britain and Ireland called England, bearing date at Westminster,
the Ninth day of November, in the second year of His reign, give and grant
unto me, the said David Redmund, my exors, admors, and assigns, His
especial licence, full power, sole privilege and authority, that I, the said David
Redmund, my exors, admors; and assigns, during the term of years therein
mentioned,. should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within
England, Wales, and the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, my Invention of
"CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OR MANUFACTURE OF HINGES FOR
DOORS;" in which said Letters Patent there is contained a proviso, that if I,
the said David Redmund, shall not particularly describe and ascertain the
nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed,
by an instrument in writing under my hand. and seal, and cause the same to
be inrolled in His Majesty's High Court of Chancery within six calendar
months next and, immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent, that
then the said Letters Patent, and all liberties and advantages whatsoever
thereby granted, shall utterly cease, determine,, and become void, as in and. by
the same, relation. being thereunto had, will more fully and at large appear.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, tho said
David Redmund, do hereby declare that my improvement on hinges consists
in constructing them in such a manner or form as to make them answer the
double purpose of a spring to shut the door, and also of a rising hinge, without
materially altering the external appearance of the hinge, which in its plain
finished state appears as shewn in the annexed Drawing, Fig. 4. My mode
of preparing and constructing such hinge 4 inches long, and to rise of an
inch when opened, is described as follows:-
-
To make the model from which they are cast in iron, take a
piece of clean
box wood free from knots (about five inches and three-eights long and one
inch and eight square, and drill a hole straight through it longitudinally, which
hole make part of an inch longer than the spindle of the hinge is intended
to be, (which said spindle I intended to be about of an inch diameter for a
hinge of 4 inches long; then turn a wood pin of the same length to fit tight
in that hole, then drive the piece of box on the wooden pin and turn it down
to of an inch diameter, which is the size intended for, the knuckle of the
hinge; then cut it in two pieces, leaving the spindle entire one piece 21ths
long. and the other 24ths, having the ends turned true; also, the short piece
forms-the upper end; then draw out the angle and form of the inclined planes
for the upper and lower parts of the hinge (as shewn, Fig. 1. & 2) on two
pieces of paper whose. width is equal to the circumference of each of the two
pieces of box already prepared, which said pieces of paper lap round each of
the aforesaid round pieces of box (the inclines exactly level with the end); and
secure them with a little paste, and when dry cut in or mark the angle and
form of the inclined planes with a chisel or knife, so as to be distinctly seen on
the box-wood when the paper is taken off Having taken off the paper,
proceed with proper tools to cut them out according to the marks, and fit them
accurately together on the wood spindle they were turned on, which will keep
them correctly lineable with each other when fitted together, as shewn, Fig. 3.
For the flaps of the hing prepare two pieces of boxwood 4 inches long,
1inch wide, or any proposed size, and about of an inch thick, work one
edge of each of them hollow to fit the respective places shewn on the knuckle
of the hinge, Fig. 3; by the dotted lines A, B; & C, D; then glue them on
the left hand on the upper part of the hinge A, B, and the right-hand one on
the lower part of the hinge C, D. When the glue is.dry, clean them off quite
clean, and smooth and file off the edge of each flap (where it comes against the
knuckle- of the hinge) about part of an inch, to prevent any friction on
those parts; then cut off the wood spindle level with the extreme and external
ends of the inclines of each half of the hinge, fasten it in with a small brad,

page_text: and it is then 'ready for the iron foundry. Care should be taken to cast them
upright, so that the inclines may be cast clean and correct. When cast and
cleaned off, drill a hole of an inch diameter correctly through the centre of
the knuckle longitudinally, and then turn a wrought-iron spindle to fit it quite
tight in the upper part of the hinge, and quite slack and easy in the lower
part of the hinge; then securely fasten the upper part of the hinge to the
spindle by driving an iron pin through the centre of both about of an inch
diameter, which being done, clean the inclines with a file and fit them together,
and if they do not come exact they may be ground together with a little very
fine emery and oil, and then drill and countersink the four holes for the screws
on each flap, which finishes it, as shewn, Fig. 4. The carpenters fix them on
the door in the same way as they would the common rising hinges, the top
part of the hinges being affixed to the door and the bottom part to the door
jamb. As the door is opened this hinge will raise it of an inch; when the
door is opened square from that distance or at that angle the weight of the
door acting upon the inclined planes will always shut the door, but if opened
beyond that angle it will be stationary, like any common door, which will
evidently be a great advantage to parlour and many other doors. But if
wanted to open to a greater distance before they become stationary, that object
will be obtained by continuing the inclines farther up, as shewn by the dotted
lines E, F, Figs. 1 and 2. As cases inay occur where the doors are not heavy
enough, and where it may be inconvenient to have the inclines to rise of an
inch in a quarter of a circle, like the above-mentioned hinge, in that case
securely cover the knuckle of the hinge, both upper and lower part, with thin
brass or metal tube, as shewn in the longitudinal section, Fig. 5, letting the
tube project below the bottom of the hinge about two inches, and the spindle
of the hinge project below the bottom of the tube to receive a brass nut H,
Fig. 5; then introduce a spiral spring I round the spindle and inside the tube,
see Fig. 5, (of sufficient strength to make up for the flatness of the inclines) or
the lightness of the door,) and screw on the nut H and fasten it with a pin; then
fix a brass nut K, of the same form, to the top of the hinge, which will then
appear as shewn, Fig. 6. These springs may be used without the tube by
having the bottom of the hinge longer, and bore or cast a hole in it, as shewn
Fig. 7, longitudinal section. The hinges shewn are right-handed, and as both
right and left-handed hinges are wanted, I have shewn a left-handed one
drawn out, Fig. 8, which will be prepared in the same way as the other.
Where the doors are wanted to open, both in and out, the inclines should be
drawn as shown, Fig. 9, and use tubes and springs, or each separately, as before
described; hinges of that description appear as shewn, Fig. 10, but their

page_text: external appearance may be varied according to the places where they may
be wanted.
Having shewn and explained (where circumstances may require a little
variation, some of the modes or methods of applying the principles of my
improvement on binges, it may be necessary to state that my improvement
on hinges consists in the application of the principle of the two inclined
planes (as exemplified by Figures 1, 2, 3, and 4, with their explanation,) with
or without the tube or springs (as shewn Figures 5, 6, and 7) to all sorts of
hinges for doors, &c., where they may be found useful, nor do I in any
way confine myself to the dimensions of each of the parts as above described,
or to any particular form of hinge, but have only stated the above dimensions
as having found them to be the best proportioned to hinges of the above-
described size.
In witness whereof, I, the said David Redmund, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Ninth day of May, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and twenty-two.

page_text: FRIDAY, the 25th day of July, in the 9th year of the
reign of His Majesty King George the Fourth, 1828,
in the matter of David Redmund.
WHEREAS the said DAVID REDMUND did, on the 15th day of July inst',
prefer his Petit" unto the Right Hoñble the Master of the Rolls, setting forth,
that by cert" Lřes Patent under the Great Seal of Great Brit", bears date at
Westm, the 9th day of Nov 1821, His present Maj granted to the Pet' the
sole privilege, licence, & author of making & vending the Petrs Invent" of
cert" improvemts in the construct" or manufacture of hinges for doors for the
term of 14 years; that the Pet' caused a Specification of his sd Invent" to be
duly enrolled in this Court purst to the proviso in that behalf contd in the sd
Lies Patent, & caused a Plan or Draws of his said Invent" to be attached to
the s Specificat" for the ppose of more clearly explaining his sd Invent";
that the Pet was before & at the time of inrolling his s" Specificat", as afs",
& for a considble period afterwds, afflicted with almost complete deafness, and
was suffers under a long continued and most severe illness, weh compelled
him to intrust the copying and ingrossing of his said Specification & the Plans
thto annexed entirely to the managem of örs, & the Pet' was also in con-
sequence prevented from inspecting the sd Specificat" & Plan after the same
had been engrossed; that subseq' & within the last month the Fet hays had
occas", for the 1st time since its enrolm³, to refer to his sd Specificat", bad
discovered that in copying the sd Specificat" & Plan thto annexed, the
ingrossing Cik had, by mistake, & contrary to the instructs expressly given by
the Pet', transposed the order of the numbers of refere & had placed the
number 8 to that Figure Wch shod have been numbered 9, & had placed the
number 9 to that Figure Wch should have been numbered 10, & had placed
the number 10 to that Figure Wch shod have been numbered 8. That the
Pet was anxious to correct the sd mistakes, tho' the Pet' beled that they were
too palpable for any one to be misled thby. That the Pet' had been informed
within the last 3 days, by the Ctk of Inrollm" of this Court, & befed that no

page_text: office copy of the sd Specificat" had yet been applied for by or delivd to any
one, and that no pson had been to see or inspect the sd Specification or Plan
thto annexed; and the sa Clk of the Inrolm's fur informed the Petr that
if any one had so applied he must have been aware of the fact; that no pro-
ceed at Law or in Equity were pending or had ever been instituted in any
way respects the sd Patent, and thfore praying that the said mistakes might be
corrected, & that the Figure now numbered 8 might be numbered 9, & that
the Figure now numbd 9 might be numb 10, & that the Figure now
numb 10 might be numbd 8, to correspond with the original instruct", &
as intended by the Pet; whereupon all pties concerned were ordd to attend
His Honor on the fire of the sd Pet" this day, and co¹ for the Pet' this day
attends accordly, upon hears the sd Pet", and an affidavit of the Petitioner
read, and what was alleged by the co' for the Petit, His Honor doth order
that the said mistakes be corrected, and that the Figure now numbered eight
be numbered nine, that the Figure now numbered nine may be numbered ten,
and that the Figure now numbered ten be numbered eight.
Therefore on the 17th day of November, in the year of our Lord 1828,
the alterations above said were made accordingly.