An Improved Machine for Cutting Tenons on the Ends of Wooden Wheel Spokes and the like.
Year: 1899

page_text: Date of Application, 30th Jan., 1899
Complete Specification Left, 23rd Oct., 1899-Accepted, 25th Nov., 1899
IRUVIDIONAL DICITICALIUN
An Improved Machine for Cutting Tenons on the Ends of Wooden
Wheel Spokes and the like.
I, EDWARD ARTHUR WOODS, 44, Catherine Street, Doncaster, Yorkshire,
Wheelwright, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
This invention relates to an improved machine by which the tenons at the
ends of wooden wheel spokes, or other bars or pieces of wood of a like description,
can be cut in a more expeditious manner, and more perfectly true and exact
than can be done by other means.
The machine consists of a revolving cutter head or holder provided with
cutters which can be adjusted and made to suit different work. The cutter head
is fixed on a socket which has within it a hollow shaft upon which the socket and
cutter head can slide or travel backwards and forwards. The rectilinear motion
of the socket is produced by the rotation of a finely cut left hand screw thread,
on the outside surface of the socket, behind the cutter head, which screws into a
shorter socket, screw threaded inside, working loose on the socket which has
the cutter head attached to it.
The socket and cutter head are made to revolve by means of a driving wheel
and cog wheels connected with the inner shaft. When this shaft revolves it
carries with it the socket and cutter head, and the rotation of the screw gives it
a rectilinear motion, so that the cutters are brought into contact with the spoke
ends, moving forward as they revolve until the tenon is cut as required.
The loose socket is so arranged that when the driving wheel is turned, the
rotary motion and traverse of the socket and cutter head is reduced and retarded
or regulated to a proper speed, the loose socket revolving at a less speed, and in
the same direction on the screw of the socket and cutters. This is effected by
means of cog wheels connected with the driving wheel.
In order to quicken the return motion of the cutters, after the tenon is made,
the cog wheel which acts upon the loose socket above described, is put out of
gear, and the socket is made fast as a fixed bearing, a quicker rotary motion
is then obtained, and the socket and cutter head is then withdrawn ready for the
next spoke of the wheel.
The nave of the wheel having the spokes fitted to it, is fixed horizontally having
the end of the spoke to be cut, opposite the cutter head; and the wheel can be
raised or lowered to the right position.
A long spindle or shaft passes through the inner hollow shaft of the machine,
having at the end near the cutters, a fork chuck screwed on, which is driven
into the end of the spoke, before the cutting operation begins. The rotary motion
of this spindle and screw being given by a small hand wheel which acts
independently of the other parts of the machine.
Dated this Twenty-eighth day of January 1899.

page_text: An Improved Machine for Cutting Tenons on the Ends of Wooden
Wheel Spokes and the like.
I, EDWARD ARTHUR WOODS, 44, Catherine Street, Doncaster, Yorkshire,
Wheelwright, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement:-
This invention relates to an improved machine by which the tenons on the
ends of wooden wheel spokes, or other bars or pieces of wood of a like description,
can be cut in a more expeditious manner, and more perfectly true and exact
than can be done by other means.
c
The invention will be best described by reférence to the accompanying two
sheets of drawings, in which―
Fig. 1, Sheet 1, is a side elevation of the machine.
Fig. 2, Sheet 1, is a section of the machine, as shown in Fig. 1, the driving
wheel, and cog wheel attached to it, not shown.
Fig. 3, Sheet 2, is an end clevation of the machine, showing the position of
gear wheels and also an arrangement for stopping the cutters, when the tenons
are cut to the proper length.
Fig. 4, Sheet 2, shows the action or working of the stopping levers, as herein-
after described.
Referring now to Fig. 1, Sheet 1, A is the driving wheel, with handle attached
at B, the handle not shown in the drawing, for space.
H, is a revolving cutter head, which is hollow, and in which the cutters are
fixed, which are adjustable to suit the different sizes of tenons as required.
The cutter head is fixed on a socket C, which has within it a hollow shaft P,
Fig. 2, Sheet 1, upon this shaft the cutter head and socket can slide backwards
and forwards. The cutter head H, and the socket C, are made to revolve by the
rotation of the driving wheel, and gear wheels D, D', Fig. 1, Sheet 1, which are
connected with the inner shaft l', and a rectilinear motion or traverse is at the
same time imparted to the socket C, and cutter head H, by means of the gear
wheels, N, N1, N2, and F, Sheet 1, Fig. 2, and also by a loose socket E, which is
attached to gear wheel F. This socket is finely screw threaded inside to fit the
lefthand screw thread on the cutter head socket C, and it is kept in its place by
a bearing e, and a collar t. Fig. 2, Sheet 1. The gear wheel N, is fixed on the
hollow shaft P, the gear wheels N1, N2 are fixed on the shaft g. The wheel N¹
being keyed and the wheel N2 being fitted with a feather on the shaft g, so that
it can be moved out of gear with the wheel F, in which it engages, for a purpose
hereinafter described.
When the shaft P, Fig. 2, Sheet 1, is made to revolve by means of the driving
wheel A, and gear wheels D, D'.. The shaft P, itself remains in its position,
but revolving, and upon this shaft is a small feather, which fits into a groove
or slot K, cut on the inner surface of the socket C, Fig. 2, Sheet 1, and this
feather causes the socket C, to revolve, when the shaft P, revolves, the groove
or slot in the socket C, allowing it to move forward at the same time. The loose
socket E, with gearing wheels as hereinbefore described, is employed not only
for the purpose of giving a rectilinear motion or traverse to the cutter head and
socket C, but also for the purpose of retarding and regulating to a proper speed
the traverse of the socket C, and the cutter head attached to it, and without it,
or if it was a fixed socket or bush without gearing, the traverse or rectilinear
motion of the cutters would be too quick, and the tenons would not be cut clean
and smooth. The socket E is made to revolve at a less speed, but in the same

page_text: direction as the socket C, and in this way the traverse of the cutter head and
bcket is retarded, but the rotary motion of the cutter head and socket is not
reduced or retarded by the action of the loose socket E. In order to quicken
the return motion of the cutter head, after the tenon is made, the gear wheel N³,
which engages with the gear wheel F, on the loose socket, is put out of gear, by
ar automatic contrivance, hereinafter described, and the socket E, is then made
fast, or held fast by a brake attachment I, Fig. 3, Sheet 2, the socket C, being
no longer retarded in its traverse by the socket E, has a quicker return motion.
As soon as the gear wheel N2 is put out of gear with the wheel F, the traverse
of the cutter head is stopped, but the rotary motion remains, so long as the
driving wheel is turned; each tenon is cut exactly the same length.
The operation of putting the wheel N out of gear with the wheel F is done
by the machine itself in the following manner,
Fig. 1, Sheet 1, shows the wheel N in gear, Fig. 2, shows the wheel N2 in
gear, Fig. 2, shows the wheel N in gear, Fig. 2, shows the same out of gear.
Referring now to Fig. 1 Sheet 1, L, is a cam, and it is attached to the socket C,
and travels and revolves with it, towards the spoke end. Q is a lever attachment
more clearly shown in Sheet 2, Figs. 3, and 4. The length of the tenon will be
the same as the distance between the cam L and the lever Q, see Fig. 1, Sheet 1,
and the lever Q can be adjusted to the length of the tenon by fixing it at the
required distance from the cam L, by means of the bolt Z, Fig. 1, Sheet 1. When
the machine is in motion the cam L, is carried up to the lever Q, and comes in
contact with it, see Fig. 2, Sheet 1, and depresses it, this depression acts upon
a second lever X as shown in Fig. 3, Sheet 2. The second lever X being fixed
on the same axle b, Fig. 4, Sheet 2, as the lever Q.
Referring now to Sheet 1, Fig. 2, a, is a socket or hollow buffer, one end of
which holds a spiral spring h, on the shaft g, this socket has a notch in it, outside,
Fig. 1, d, and the lever X fits into it, and is kept in it by the spring m, which
is attached to it, as shown in Sheet 2, Fig. 3. So long as this lever remains in
the notch d, the spring h, cannot move, but as soon as the cam L strikes the
lever Q, and depresses it, the lever is also depressed and leaves the notch, which
at once allows the spring h, to act, and the socket a, is pushed against the gear
wheel N by the spring h, putting it out of gear, as shown in Sheet 1, Fig. 2.
The cutter head is then withdrawn from the tenon, and the socket or buffer a,
is pushed back to its place by the small handle, or nob S, until the lever X falls
into the notch, by the action of the spring m.
The nave of the wheel, having the spoke fitted in it, is placed horizontally on
a bed or gantry, with the end of the spoke to be cut, opposite the cutter head,
and the wheel can be raised or lowered to the right position.
A long spindle or shaft M, Fig. 2 Sheet 1, passes through the hollow shaft, P,
having at the end near the cutter, a fork centre T, Fig. 2 Sheet 1, a rotary motion
is given to this spindle, by a small hand wheel R, Fig. 1, Sheet 1, which acts
independently of the other parts of the machine. This spindle keeps its position
when it is revolving, and it is so held by a strong spring V, Fig. 2, Sheet 1, which
is turned over so as to meet the end of the spindle, where it fits the hand-
wheel, R.
The fork centre is hollow, and it is screw threaded inside, and the action of
the screw Y and spindle M, drives it forward, until it touches the spoke end.
The spindle revolves, but the fork centre does not revolve, being driven forward
by the screw, and its revolution is prevented by a small stop, which holds it.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is
1. A machine for cutting tenons on the ends of wooden wheel spokes and the
like, constructed and arranged substantially as hereinbefore described, and as
shown by the annexed two sheets of drawings.

page_text: 2. In combination with a machine for cutting tenons on the ends of wooden
wheel spokes and the like, such as herein described, a socket such as C, Fig. 1,
Sheet 1, which screws into a loose socket such as E, which is made to rotate by
means of gear wheels, N, N1, N2, and F, Sheet 1, Figs. 1 and 2, for the purpose
of retarding and reducing the speed of the traverse of the socket C, and the
cutter head, substantially in the manner described, and as shown by the annexed
drawing.
3. In combination with a machine for cutting tenons on the ends of wooden
wheel spokes and the like, such as herein described, a cam L, acting upon levers Q
and X, as shown in the annexed drawing, Sheet 2, Figs. 3 and 4, in the manner
described and for the purpose set forth.
4. In combination with a machine for cutting tenons on the ends of wooden
wheel spokes and the like, as herein described a fork centre arranged and fitted
in connection with a spindle and spring such as V, Figs. 1 and 2, Sheet 1 sub-
stantially in the manner described, and for the purpose set forth—with reference
to the annexed sheet of drawings Figs. 1 and 2, Sheet 1.