IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CON
Year: 1869

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Frederick Oakley, of the City of Toronto, in the
County of York, in the Province of Ontario, and Dominion of
Canada, Carpenter, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CON-
Sealed the 22nd February 1870, and dated the 24th August 1869.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Frederick Oakley at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 24th August 1869.
I, FREDERICK OAKLEY, of the City of Toronto, in the County of
York, in the Province of Ontario, & Dominion of Canada, Carpenter, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE CONSTRUCTION OF WASHERS FOR FASTENING METAL NUTS," to be as
follows:-
My Invention consists in the construction and use of a washer com-
posed of iron, copper, tin, zinc, or other suitable material with a portion
adapted to project and turn over outside of the nut to which it is applied,

page_text: and thereby form a holder for the nut, such washer being made suffi-
ciently thick to prevent its fitting into the thread of the screw.
The washer is or may be varied in shape so long as it is provided with
wings or projections fitting over the outside of the nut, and it has a hole
formed in it partly circular and partly flat or concave, a portion of the
screw bolt being flattened or grooved to correspond with the form of the
hole. The object of so forming the bolt and the hole of the washer is to
prevent the washer from turning on the bolt.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Frederick Oakley in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 23rd February 1870.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, FREDERICK
OAKLEY, of the City of Toronto, in the County of York, in the Province
of Ontario, and Dominion of Canada, Carpenter, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-fourth day of August, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-nine, in the
thirty-third year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said Frederick Oakley, Her special licence
that I, the said Frederick Oakley, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, or such others as I, the said Frederick Oakley, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no
others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE CONSTRUCTION OF WASHERS FOR FASTENING METAL NUTS," upon the con-
dition (amongst others) that I, the said Frederick Oakley, my executors
or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or
one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was
to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal
Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after
the date of the said Letters Patent.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Frederick Oakley, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement, reference being had to the Drawing hereunto
5 annexed, and to the letters and figures marked thereon (that is to
say):
:-
My Invention of "Improvements in the Construction of Washers for
Fastening Metal Nuts," consists in the construction and use of a washer
composed of iron, copper, tin, zinc, or other suitable material with a
O portion adapted to project and turn over outside of the nut to which it
is applied, and thereby form a holder for the nut, such washer being
made sufficiently thick to prevent its fitting into the thread of the
screw.
The washer is or may be varied in shape so long as it is provided with
5 wings or projections fitting over the outside of the nut, and it has a hole
formed in it partly circular and partly flat or concave, a portion of the
screw bolt being flattened or grooved to correspond with the form of the
hole. The object of so forming the bolt and the hole of the washer is to
prevent the washer from turning on the bolt.
Having thus stated the nature of the said Invention, I will proceed to
describe more particularly in what manner the same is to be performed
by reference to the accompanying Drawings, in which are represented
various forms of washers adapted for the purpose or purposes referred to.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Fig. 1 is a transverse vertical section, and Fig. 2 a side elevation of a
rail with my improved washer applied thereto; Fig. 3 shews an appli-
cation of the same to the end of a connecting rod; Fig. 4 is a plan
of a washer or nut fastener of a triangular form, with the bolt hole
instead of being circular, as usual, flattened at the part A; Fig. 5 is a
plan of another form of washer or nut fastener, the bolt hole being
formed with a lip B.
The formations at A and B respectively are designed to effect the same
purpose, and they may be varied according to convenience, so long as
they are capable of preventing the turning of the washer by such parts
of the hole being made to correspond with a part of the bolt.

page_text: In carrying my Invention into effect I take an ordinary fish plate.
joint bolt, and either before or after a screw thread has been formed
upon it make a portion of the body of the bolt to correspond in shape
with the hole in the washer, so as to fit the same as required, whether
by flattening the said portion B, as shewn in Fig. 6, in order to fit a
hole of the form shewn in Fig. 4, or by cutting a groove, as shewn in
Fig. 7, adapted to fit the lip B of the hole shewn in Fig. 5. The said
portion of the body of the bolt may be made in any shape that may be
required to fit the sliape of the hole.
Having prepared the bolt in the manner described I adjust the fish
plate in the ordinary manner, and after inserting the bolts as usual I
place on them the suitably formed washers or nut fasteners, and then put
on the nuts and screw them up to the required degree of tightness
against the washers; I then take a bar formed like a chisel or of any
other convenient form, and with it turn the wing or projecting portion
of the washer against and over the nut, in such a manner as to prevent
the possibility of the nut coming off or turning.
From the foregoing description it will be evident that my Invention
entirely obviates the necessity for split pins, check or jamb nuts,
commonly used in various kinds of machinery, the washer supplying
their place more effectually and at less cost. For instance, when applied
to connecting rods (see Fig. 3) the washer may be of the form shewn in
Fig. 8 with four wings, one of which is sufficient to hold the nut as
required. When the nut is required to be removed this wing may be
pressed back or cut off, thereby enabling the washer to be used four
times, a wing being destroyed each time the washer is removed.
Having thus described the nature of the said Invention, and the mode
or modes of carrying the same into effect, I would remark that the
forms of the washers may be varied indefinitely from those shewn and
described to suit different purposes; but what I claim as of my
Invention is,
First. The mode or modes described of constructing washers with wings
or portions projecting on the outside of the nut in such a manner that
the projecting part of the washer may be used for holding the nut, as
described.
And, secondly. The mode or modes described of forming the hole in
the washer of such a shape as in combination with a correspondingly

page_text: formed portion of the body or
washer turning on the body of the bolt.
prevent the possionty
In witness whereof, I, the said Frederick Oakley, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, the Twenty-ninth day of January, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy.
Witness,
T. KEARTON MORGAN,
Toronto, Canada,
Barrister-at-Law.
FREDERICK. OAKLEY. (L.S.)