AN IMPROVED MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FUEL."
Year: 1853

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Louis Gervais Dieudonné Buffet Delmas
Ducayla, of Bordeaux, in the Empire of France, Esquire, for the
Invention of "AN IMPROVED MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FUEL."-"
Sealed the 3rd November 1853, and dated the 21st May 1853. .
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Louis Gervais
Dieudonné Buffet Delmas Ducayla at the Office of the Com-
missioners, of Patents, with his Petition, on the 21st May 1853.
I, LOUIS GERVAIS DIEUDONNÉ BUFFET DELMAS DUCAYLA, do hereby
declare the nature for the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED MANUFACTURE
OF ARTIFICIAL FUEL" to be as follows:-
This improved artificial fuel is composed of the following ingredients:-
1. Cinders or ashes. 2. Wood or lignite. 3. Anthracite coal: 4. Pit
coal. 5. Animal black. 6. Calcareous earth or clay. 7. Mould or
loan, or peat earth. 8. Sea mud. 9. Fresh water mud. 10. Sea-
weed. 11. Sea salt. 12. Common salt. 13. Nitrate of lead. These
ingredients, are to be well mixed, and may be combined in various

page_text: proportions, according to circumstances, such as the relative value of
some of the materials, which may be cheap in some localities and dear
in others. When well mixed, the materials may be made up into balls
of any convenient size and shape.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Louis Gervais Dieudonné Buffet Delmas Ducaylá
in the Great Seal Patent Office, on the 21st November 1853.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I,
LOUIS GERVAIS DIEUDONNÉ BUFFET DELMAS DUCAYLA, of Bordeaux, in
the Empire of France, Esquire, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-first day of May, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-three, in the six-
teenth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said Louis Gervais Dieudonné Buffet
Delmas Ducayla, Her special license that J, the said Louis Gervais
Dieudonné Buffet Delmas Ducayla, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, or such others as I, the said Louis Gervais Dieudonné Buffet
Delmas Ducayla, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at
any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times
thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully
might make, usc, exercise, and vend; within the United Kingdom
of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man,
an Invention for "AN IMPROVED MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FUEL,"
being a communication from abroad, upon the condition (amongst
others) that I, the said Louis Gervais Dieudonné Buffet Delmas
Ducayla, by an instrument in writing under my hand and seal, should
particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention,
and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same
to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months
next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Louis Gervais Dieudonné Buffet

page_text: Delinas Ducayla, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention,
and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement (that is
to say):
The improved artificial fuel, which forms the subject of the present
Invention, is composed of the following ingredients:-Firstly, cinders
or ashes. Secondly, wood or lignite. Thirdly, anthracite coal. Fourthly,
pit coal. Fifthly, animal black. Sixthly, calcareous earth or clay.
Seventhly, mould or loam, or peat earth. Eighthly, sea mud. Ninthly,
fresh water mud. Tenthly, sea-weed. Eleventhly, sea salt. Twelfthly,
common salt. Thirteenthly, nitrate of lead. These ingredients, or the
principal part of them, will, when combined together, either with or
without other substances, form my improved artificial fuel, & must be
well mixed, and may be combined in various proportions, according to
circumstances, such, for instance, as the purpose for which the fuel is to
be employed, or the relative value of some of the materials, which may
be cheap in some localities and dear in others. When well mixed,
the materials may be made up into round or oval balls of any con-
venient size.
In localities which are near the sea I take for the preparation of the
improved artificial fuel (which I call fire balls) one third part of sea
mud; of pelisse (a species of sea-weed found on the coast of Normandy),
one third part; and of the sea-weed known as sca-wrack or fucus
maritimus, one third part; and to these nitrate of lead is added, in the
proportion of four pounds of nitrate of lead for every two thousand
pounds of the above ingredients.
Or, for other localitics, I take of calcareous earth or fresh water mud,
one third part, the other two thirds being composed of any of the
following ingredients (viz.): pit coal, lignite, sulphuric ashes, and
anthracite, mixed in any desired proportion, according to the purpose
for which the fuel is to be employed.
Vegetable earth is only employed in the absence of mud and
calcareous earths, but it may, if required, serve as a binding material,
and be employed in the same proportion as the other ingredients.
Animal charcoal and salt are only employed in the proportion of one

page_text: hundredth part, and serve to give greater activity and intensity to the
flame.
After the ingredients above mentioned have been mixed together in
the proportions above indicated, they must be moulded into either
spherical or oval balls, which are found to be the most suitable forms
for facilitating combustion, and also for rendering it of longer duration.
Moulding the ingredients into these shapes, therefore, forms one of the
essential features of the Invention. These balls may be made of any
convenient size, according to the use' to which they are to be applied;
such, for instance, as to be consumed in the furnaces of marine engines,
for manufactories, or for domestic purposes.
In witness whereof, I, the said Louis Gervais Dieudonné Buffet
Delmas Ducayla, have hereunto set my hand and seal, this
Fifteenth day of November, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and fifty-three.
BUFFET DUCAYLA. (L.S.)
BUFFET DUCAYLA. (L.S.)