matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVE- MENTS INTHE PREPARATION OR MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL MANURE
Year: 1876

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Colonel Horace Francis Stephens d'Esplaviz, of Goree
Villa, Hounslow, County of Middlesex, for the Invention of "IMPROVE-
MENTS INTHE PREPARATION OR MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL MANURE."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Colonel Horace Francis
Stephens d'Esplaviz at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 3rd
May 1876.
Colonel HORACE FRANCIS STEPHENS D'ESPLAVIZ, of Goree Villa, Hounslow,
County of Middlesex. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PREPARATION OR MANUFACTURE
OF ARTIFICIAL MANURE."
My Invention consists in the employment or using of the following matters or
ingredients for the manufacture of artificial manure :-I take human urine,
powdered oyster shells, common salt, soot, gelatine or fish glue, old bricks reduced
to powder, and mix them together.
The novelty of the improvement is to mix together the various matters or
ingredients above named, which are very cheap and easily procurable. In each
substance are fertilizing matters exceedingly beneficial for agricultural purposes.
The composition of matters will destroy all insects prejudicial to the growth of the
crops.
For a period of two years trials have been made by the Inventor on potato
fields, and the part provided with the "guano" was free from disease, whereas the
next field without this artificial manure was completely affected.
The proportions are two-thirds of urine with one-third of other substances.

page_text: SPECIFICATION filed in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent and
of an Order of the Lord Chancellor, by the said Colonel Horace Francis Stephens
d'Esplaviz in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 28th November 1876.
Colonel HORACE FRANCIS STEPHENS D'ESPLAVIZ, of Gorce Villa, Hounslow,
County of Middlesex. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PREPARATION OR MANUFACTURE OF 5
ARTIFICIAL MANURE"
This Invention consists of improvements in manure, and is as follows:-
No. 5. Gelatino or fish glue.
No. 6. Old bricks reduced in powder.
The proportions of the ingredients depend upon the state of the soil to which tho
manure has to be applied.
These matters are to be well mixed together, dried, and the solid proportions or
particles are to be well pulverised, after which the manure may be spread over the
ground.
The nature of the improvement is intended to fertilize the land, give abundant
crops, and destroy all sorts of insects injurious to the crops at a reduced price never
obtained by any guano or manure.
The qualities of the new human guano are equal in fertilization to the most
reputed guanos imported in England, and can be used with the greatest advantage
for gardens and flowers.
I claim as ny Invention, the mixing or compounding of the ingredients before
named in or about the proportions suitable for the soil to be fertilized.
In witness whereof, I have hereunto set my hand and seal, this Twenty-
eight of November, One thousand eight hundred and seventy-six.
2
AN IMPROVED COMBINED STEP CHAIR AND TABLE FOR IRONING AND OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Leopold Loebel Martin Perls at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 30th October 1876.
LEOPOLD LOEBEL MARTIN PERLS, of 5, Southampton Buildings, Holborn, in the
County of Middlesex. "AN IMPROVED COMBINED STEP CHAIR AND TABLE FOR
IRONING AND OTHER PURPOSES."
This Invention consists in an improvement upon and addition to the well known
step chair. I make the steps taper, that is, somewhat narrower at the top than
at the bottom for the purpose of greater steadiness when the apparatus is used
as steps.
The back of the chair consists of two side posts forming legs and a top cross rail;
to the latter I hinge a table flap which fills in the back of the chair, and to the
bottom end of which I hinge a leg (or it may be two legs); this latter leg appears
between the two aforesaid posts when the apparatus is folded up as a chair, but
when the table flap is raised or swung up it forms the outer leg for the flap to rest
on; this flap is thus made suitable as a table for ironing or other purposes; a short
piece is screwed on the end of the outer leg to give it the right length.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF BOBBINS
Year: 1876

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James Ledger, Engineer and Patent Agent, of 61,
Fleet Street, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF
BOBBINS." A communication from abroad by the Firm of Scrivè-Viseur, of
Marcq-en-Baroeul, in the Department of the Nord, in the French Republic.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION filed by the said James Ledger at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 22nd November 1876.
"
JAMES LEDGER, Engineer and Patent Agent, of 61, Fleet Street, London.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF BOBBINS." A communication from
abroad by the Firm of Scrivè-Viseur, of Marcq-en-Baroeul, in the Department of
the Nord, in the French Republic.
This Invention consists in certain improvements in the construction of bobbins,
whereby the wood part of the said bobbins is dispensed with and the thread kept
always in position and clean.
The Drawing which accompanies this description shows the manner of forining
a bobbin of thread according to this Invention.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING.
Figure 1 is a top view, and Figure 2 a side view of the manner of winding the
thread. This operation is performed in a spiralo-cylindrical manner on a mandril
which is withdrawn when the bobbin is completed, leaving an inside circle or
opening A. The thread is unwound from the inside circle or opening, as shown by
the loose thread B.
Figure 3 is a plan; and Figure 4, a section through the line X, Y, of Figure 3,
of the lid of a box (made of paper, cardboard, or such-like light and cheap material)
which contains the bobbin of thread. Openings C and D are provided in this lid
to allow the passage of the thread and to see the said thread inside the box.
Figure 5 is a plan; and Figure 6, a side view of the body of the box which
contains the bobbin of thread above described.

page_text: Figure 7 is a top view; and Figure 8, a side view of the box closed and con-
taining the bobbin of thread, the end of which, A, is shown coming out of the center
opening C ready for use, and the bobbin itself is seen through the openings D.
By the above arrangement the use of wood is entirely dispensed with, thereby
making the bobbin lighter and cheaper, of a smaller size, and the thread always
kept clean.
"
Having now described and set forth the nature and object of this Invention for
Improvements in the Construction of Bobbins," would remark in conclusion,
that what I claim as my Invention is, forming a bobbin of thread of a spiralo-
cylindrical shape, and inclosing the same in a light box of cardboard, paper, or such-
like light material, furnished with one or more apertures, substantially as set forth
and represented.
In witness whereof, I, the said James Ledger, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this Twenty-second day of November, in the year of our Lord One.
thousand eight hundred and seventy-six.
JAMES LEDGER. (L.S.)
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF TAPS FOR STEAM AND OTHER FLUIDS AND LIQUIDS
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Giles Massey at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 22nd May 1876.
GILES MASSEY, of Stalybridge, in the County of Chester, Clog Iron Maker, and
HENRY KNOTT, of the same Place, Plumber and Glazier. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
CONSTRUCTION OF TAPS FOR STEAM AND OTHER FLUIDS AND LIQUIDS.”
Our improved tap consists of a valve, the spindle of which fits in a plug screwed
into the body of the tap; this valve is raised to open the tap by means of a cam
fixed to a spindle, one end of which passes through a stuffing box in the body of
the tap, and it is turned round by a handle at the outside, the other end of this
spindle fits in a footstep in the body of the tap. After the valve has been opened
by turning the handle it is closed against the seating by the pressure of the steam
or other fluid or liquid passing through the tap, and is consequently absolutely
self-closing. This improved tap is applicable for steam, water, beer, spirits, and
for other purposes.
A NEW OR IMPROVED BOOT AND SHOE CLEANING MACHINE
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Hutchins Brown at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 24th April 1876.
HENRY HUTCHINS BROWN, of Trafalgar Place, Devizes, Wiltshire, Ship-builder.
"A NEW OR IMPROVED BOOT AND SHOE CLEANING MACHINE."
Two cast-iron standards with bearings for a shaft with a single crank, on which is
fixed a fly wheel, which fly wheel is also used as a driving wheel by a leather belt
running upon it, and a smaller wheel upon another straight shaft above it, upon
which shaft are placed the brushes, one hard for brushing the dirt off, another softer
one for polishing.
It is worked by the foot on a treddle, which treddle is connected to the crank by
a connecting rod
IMPROVEMENTS IN SURFACES APPLICABLE FOR SKATING
Year: 1876

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Cornelius Hessel, of 38, Palmerston Road, Kilburn, in
the County of Middlesex, Chemist, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
SURFACES APPLICABLE FOR SKATING."
Sealed the 15th August 1876, and dated the 16th February 1876.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Cornelius Hessel at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 16th February 1876.
CORNELIUS HESSEL, of 38, Palmerston Road, Kilburn, in the County of
Middlesex, Chemist. "IMPROVEMENTS IN SURFACES APPLICABLE FOR SKATING."
The substances which I employ for the preparation of the skating surface are
solutions of the silicates of soda or potash, or mixtures of both. I employ the
same in a liquid state, and spread them over a previously prepared level sub-
stratum, which is composed of such substances which do not act injuriously on the
applied silicates. For this purpose I prefer a flooring of asphalte or cement, which
may be painted if desired to make it impervious to the solutions of the silicates
and the moisture of the ground, and to give the siliceous surface the appearance of
natural ice.
I however do not confine myself to the exclusive use of the above-named
substances, as any other material as tone flakes, wood, &c. might be used as
substratas.
In spreading these liquid silicates so as to ensure a smooth and quickly hardening,
floor I apply the same in a not too concentrated form, prefering to produce tho
surface by repeated coatings of the substratum with the silicates.
The laying on of the silicates can be either by means of a brush or by pouring a

page_text: thin film over the whole surface, allowing such filin to dry before the next is
applied.
Any. thickness of the artificial ice-like mass may be obtained by repeating the
coating process as often as may be desirable:
When the surface has become rough by skating thereon a new coating with 5
silicates will restore its original ice-like smoothness.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS APPLICABLE TO THE TUBES AND FLUES OF LOCOMOTIVE AND OTHER STEAM BOILERS
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry John Hayne at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 4th March 1876. A communication from
abroad by John H. Faxon, of New York, United States of America.
HENRY JOHN HAYNE, of New York, at present residing at Fenchurch Street, in
the City of London. "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS APPLICABLE TO THE TUBES
AND FLUES OF LOCOMOTIVE AND OTHER STEAM BOILERS." A. communication from
abroad by John H. Faxon, of New York, United States of America.
This Invention relates to improvements in apparatus applicable to the tubes or
flues of locomotive or other steam boilers. For this purpose a fixed or a removable
spiral or other slide either in one piece or in sections with spaces, and of lengths best
adapted to each boiler, according to its peculiarity of draft is employed, connected by
rods of metal, the object being to retard the passage of the flame and heat through
the tubes or flues, and of more completely utilizing the products of combustion, and
for the purpose of bringing the flame and heat into closer and more continuous
contact with the lower as well as upper sides of the tubes or flues, thus passing
more heat into the water, by which means a saving of fuel is effected, the heat in the
chimney being decreased.
The slide or spiral may be in one piece or many sections, and either the whole
length of the tube or shorter or longer than the tubes or flues. Different degrees of
draft require some variation in the twist of the slides.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR STEERING VESSELS
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by François Joseph Demblon at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 20th January 1876.
FRANÇOIS JOSEPH DEMBLON, of Rue Quellin, Antwerp, in the Kingdom of
Belgium, and of 11, Leadenhall Street, in the City of London, Member of the Firm
Heidel and Demblon, of Antwerp, aforesaid. IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR
STEERING VESSELS."
$
This Invention relates to improvements in apparatus for moving rudders over on
board ship, and consists in arranging two threaded rods or shafts in end supports of
a frame, so that they turn therein when acted upon by pinions through an inter-
mediate wheel under the control of the usual steering wheel, which is fixed on the
axle thereof in any convenient manner. Each threaded rod is embraced by a
travelling block which is centred upon one or more sliding blocks; these sliding
blocks being capable of adjustment in slots in a cross head which has a circular
motion upon a pin or stud projecting from the frame. In some cases this pin or
stud is the rudder head, and the rudder is acted thereby direct by its attachment
thereto, so that it partakes of a segmental circular motion for steering purposes.
The rudder head may however have a duplicate cross head or a couple of lugs upon
it for a connection with the first named cross head by means of links or bars, an
arrangement which, on a disconnection of the links being effected, enables an
attachment of a tiller and lines, so that the rudder can be worked from the bridge,
the poop, or other part of a vessel.
The principal advantages of this Invention over other steering gear in use are
great security, less wear, and more power. The rudder can be brought round ns
quick and with less labour than by the best apparatus hitherto known from the
centre" to "hard over." No strength is required to keep the wheel steady in any
position of the rudder and no danger can happen to the helmsinan.
A NEW AND IMPROVED MANUAL SCREW PROPELLER FOR BOATS, BARGES, AND OTHER CRAFTS
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Walter James Watts at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 24th June 1876.
WALTER JAMES WATTS, of Rotherhithe Street, Rotherhithe, in the County of
Surrey. "A NEW AND IMPROVED MANUAL SCREW PROPELLER FOR BOATS,
BARGES, AND OTHER CRAFTS."
This Invention consists in a new and improved manual screw propeller for boats,
barges, and other crafts, which will be more easily and effectually worked than
those now in use.
The following is the manner I propose to apply a screw propeller actuated by
hand to an ordinary boat according to my said Invention:-The main shaft on
which is fixed the screw propeller, after passing through a stuffing box at the rear
of the boat extends to a certain distance inside the said boat and held in position
by a bracket. A pinion is keyed on the shaft and gears with a wheel of suitable
diametre fitted on a horizontal driving shaft held in position by a bracket. On
this shaft is keyed a fly wheel furnished with handles, to which motion is imparted
by hand. In the case of a decked barge I impart motion to the driving shaft afore-
said by means of a pulley, which replaces the fly wheel, and which receives motion
by an endless chain from a fly wheel fitted on the deck.
Another arrangement for imparting motion to the driving shaft consists in fixing
at the end thereof a mitre wheel gearing into another mitre wheel fitted in a
vertical shaft on which is keyed a fly wheel. The driving shaft may also be put in
motion by means of a lever acting on a crank. If desired the main shaft can be
extended through the whole length of the boat, and a second screw propeller fitted
in front of the said boat.
AN IMPROVED LUBRICANT
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Newton at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 28th February 1876.
GEORGE NEWTON, of Wellington Road, Bow, in the County of Middlesex, Oil
Refiner.. "AN IMPROVED LUBRICANT."
This Invention has for its object an improved lubricant for railway, colliery, and
other waggons or vehicles requiring lubrication, and also to various kinds of
machinery and such like.
My improved lubricant is composed of tar oil, rosin oil, or other suitable oils,
tallow, or other grease, caustic, or other soda, pitches, and lime, in suitable pro-
portions, as found applicable for the various kinds of machinery or rolling stock
above named.
In illustration of how I carry my Invention into effect, I will describe the way
in which I make my lubricant, which is applicable to rolling stock, more particularly
that used for colliery waggons. I take lime, which is first slaked, and then to this is
added oil, preferably tar oil, and both are thoroughly mixed together, and then the
water and impurities are drawn off in form of liquid. To this compound I then add
in suitable proportions rosin oil, which is thoroughly mixed therein. The above when
thoroughly mixed forms a lubricant which is useful for slow moving machinery,
such as colliery waggons, but where friction is great, as in fast moving machinery or
carriages or waggons, then to the above I add any suitable soda, for instance, caustic
soda in solution; and I sometimes in the case of this latter form of lubricant
dispense with the lime; or I sometimes make my lubricant of lime, rosin oil, and
pitch, which latter has been previously dissolved with tar oil; or I can use the
whole of the above named ingredients combined in suitable proportions in making
another form of lubricant.
For some purposes in making the lubricant, the lime, oils, and pitch are boiled.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF BOOTS AND SHOES
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Richardson at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 7th December 1876.
GEORGE RICHARDSON, of the City of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster,
Gentleman. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF BOOTS AND SHOES."
Instead of the usual tab or loop fixed to the front, back, or sides, or both front,
back, and sides of boots or shoes for the purpose of drawing them on to the feet,
and which are unsightly when exposed to view, I form in the back, front, or sides,
or both back, front, and sides of the boot or shoe, an aperture or apertures of metal
or other suitable material, and insert into the said aperture or apertures when the
boot or shoe is desired to be drawn on a moveable tab, loop, or hook, which is
removed when the boot or shoe is on the foot and so prevent the unsightly
appearance of the fixed tab or loop as now in use; or instead of the aperture or
apertures being inserted in the boot or shoe these may be in the tab or loop, and
the hook or projection may be on the boot or shoe.
IMPROVED STEAM PIPE AND COUPLING FOR HEATING PURPOSES
Year: 1876

page_text: <
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Mitchell at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 10th April 1876.
THOMAS MITCHELL, of Preston, in the County of Lancaster, Tin-plate Worker.
IMPROVED STEAM PIPE AND COUPLING FOR HEATING PURPOSES."
My Invention relates to steam pipes chiefly used for heating purposes in mills or
other buildings, and in conservatories, hot-houses, and for such like purposes, and for
steam engines likewise, if thought desirable. They are constructed in the following
manner :-
I make a wrought-iron pipe with a lap, rivetted, dovetail or other seem joint longi-
tudinally, which I braze firmly together. I then turn over a flange out of the body of
such pipe at one end, and then put on to the body of such pipe two loose flanges provided
with bolt holes at suitable distances apart, I then turn over a similar flange at the
other end thus securing the two loose flanges from coming off the body of the pipe,
one of these flanges is for each end of the pipe for securing it to the other lengths of
similar construction and make to be carried to any required length, between the
two ends of such pipes for connection I place an india-rubber or other joint, which
when the two flanges are screwed together forms a firm, simple, and inexpensive
joint, I coat them inside and out with tin or or other equivalent to prevent
rusting.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MODES OF AND APPARATUS FOR DRAWING CORKS FROM BOTTLES
Year: 1876

page_text: (This Invention received Provisional Protection only.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel William Shore at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 18th December 1876.
SAMUEL WILLIAM SHORE, of 16, Hackins Hey, Liverpool, in the County of Lan-
caster. "IMPROVEMENTS IN MODES OF AND APPARATUS FOR DRAWING CORKS FROM
BOTTLES."
This Invention consists in a mode of and apparatus for drawing corks, in which
there is no occasion to strip the cork from the corkscrew or its substitute, the
operation on the next cork freeing the first one. It consists in a sharp (preferably
pointed) single or double-edged blade in the form preferably of an arrow head; this
cuts through the cork; the upper surface of the "arrow head" is flat instead of barbed,
and consequently forms a strong abutment for the cork, as hereafter described, to
rest against on being drawn. A couple of inches or so above this 1st blade is a
second sticking out at one or both sides, preferably at right angles to the first-
described blade, and with a curved shield or guide plate contiguous.
The manner of using it is as follows:-The handle is a T one of the usual
description; the arrow head at the end of the shank pierces through the cork;
after passing through it is turned at right angles, when the abutment before
described coming against the cork the latter is withdrawn in the usual manner; in
piercing the next cork the last one is cut by the second blade or blades and directed
to one side by the guide, and so falls off. If two upper blades be used the guide is
not required.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MA- CHINERY FOR MOVING FLUIDS, AND IN MACHINES TO BE MOVED BY FLUIDS, AND IN THE APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN."
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Francis Roubiliac Conder at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 27th March 1876.
FRANCIS ROUBILIAC CONDER, of Guildford, Surrey. " IMPROVEMENTS IN MA-
CHINERY FOR MOVING FLUIDS, AND IN MACHINES TO BE MOVED BY FLUIDS,
AND IN THE APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN."
The nature of this Invention consists in the application of a direct and continuous
force to produce motion by the agency of a fan or revolving piston. It is intended
either to act as a pump, or by a proper variation of detail to receive the impulse
of the elastic force of steam, hot air, or other elastic fluid, or that of water or any
partially elastic fluid.
The form of the machine which I prefer is that of a circular chamber contained
between an internal and external concentric cylinder, the sides of such chamber
being closed; a portion of such chamber is made so as to revolve. To such revolv-
ing portion I aflix in any suitable manner the fan, disc, or rotary piston, which fills
the cross section of the chamber. This part of the apparatus is so connected with
the boiler or other supply of fluid that there is a constant equable pressure on one
side of the piston, and an uninterrupted communication with the atmosphere or
with a condenser, or any other suitable exhauster on the other. Two or more valves
are constructed to divide the chamber. When the piston has passed the first valve
that valve is closed by suitable machinery connected with the piston. When such
first valve is closed the fluid is allowed to enter between it and the piston, the next
valve is then opened and kept open until the piston has passed it; it is then closed
in its turn, and the successive closing of such valves provides a constant abutment
behind the piston on which the propelling fluid acts. The arrangement is also
applicable to pumps by reversing the order of arrangement. I retain the power of
working the steam expansively, but prefer employing it at an uniform pressure, I
make the supply of power and the means of exhaustion independent of the valves,
and I construct the ports of supply and exhaustion in the movable part of the
revolving chamber, so that a constant difference of pressure between the two sides
of the piston exists at all parts of the revolution, unless it is purposely modified, for
which modification I provide by a suitable arrangement of a circular slide box.
I also propose a new method of packing the piston by the use of a mask or flap so
as to diminish friction, such arrangement of packing being also applicable to any
kind of steam engine or pump.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR DOUBLING AND MEASURING CLOTH AND OTHER FABRICS
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Ditchfield at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 22nd March 1876.
JOHN DITCHFIELD, of the Borough of Salford, in the County of Lancaster,
Bleacher, Dyer, and Finisher. "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR DOUBLING AND
MEASURING CLOTH AND OTHER FABRICS."
This Invention relates to the guides used in doubling and measuring machines,
and consists in improved apparatus for expanding and contracting the guides in
order to enable them to be adapted for different widths of fabrics, and the guides
and side frames carrying the ordinary stretching bars may be placed vertical,
horizontal, or at an angle.
To each frame side we fix two, three, or more pairs of bearings, carrying shafts
having cut upon them right and left-handed screws fitting corresponding nuts fixed
to the guides, and to one end of cach shaft I fix bevil wheels, and gear them into
other bovil wheels fixed to a long shaft working in bearings or hangers fixed to one
of the side frames; to one or both ends of the long shaft I fix handle wheels, which
when turned in one direction turns the bevil wheels and right and left-handed
screws in order to expand the guides, but when the handle wheels are turned in the
reverse direction the guides are contracted, and as all the screws are turned
simultaneously the entire length of guides move from or towards each other on both
sides with great exactness and without loss of time.
I apply this improved apparatus to machines in which the fabrics pass from folds
or from a batch to the guides, and from between rollers to the doubling apparatus,
from whence it passes to the machine for measuring and folding it in a double state,
and the right and left-handed screws and parts connected with them may be applied
to be a duplicate machine.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PROCESSES OR MODES OF CHEMICALLY CLEANING OR FREEING WOOL OR WOOLLEN TEXTURES FROM VEGETABLE MATTERS, TO BE EMPLOYED MORE ESPECIALLY PREVIOUS TO OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE PROCESS OF DYEING
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Bishop at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 16th March 1876.
WILLIAM BISHOP, of Stroud, in the County of Glocester. "IMPROVEMENTS IN
PROCESSES OR MODES OF CHEMICALLY CLEANING OR FREEING WOOL OR WOOLLEN
TEXTURES FROM VEGETABLE MATTERS, TO BE EMPLOYED MORE ESPECIALLY PREVIOUS
TO OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE PROCESS OF DYEING."
This Inventionc onsists in depriving wools or woollen textures of vegetable impuri-
ties by soaking or "steeping" in a solution of sulphate of alumina either cold or
heated, as occasion may require, removing as much of the superfluous liquid as
possible by means of a hydro-extractor or otherwise, and afterwards drying at a high
temperature in a heated room, whereby from the rapid abstraction of water from
the vegatable tissues, in consequence of the deliquescent properties of the aluminic
sulphate with which they are saturated, these substances become so far disintegrated
or destroyed as to be easily disengaged from the woollen fibre in the subsequent
processes of dyeing, washing, manufacturing, or finishing, while the wools or woollen
textures remain uninjured, and may if needful be at once purified by a thorough
washing in water, or, as is most desirable and advantageous in many cases with regard
to the after processes of wool dyeing, the sulphate of alumina retained in them (being
a well-known mordant) may be utilized as such for those colors in the dyeing of
which it may be so available.
The double sulphates of alumina with potash, soda, or ammonia are not effective
for the destruction of vegetable matters in this way, but "alum cake," Norris'
patent alum, or any other so-called "alum" or aluminous preparations containing
the salt, sulphate of alumina chemically uncombined, and in sufficient proportions,
may be used with success in the process herein described, provided that they contain
nothin ghurtful to the woollen fibre.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SAD OR OTHER PRESSING IRONS AND SOLDERING IRONS, AND IN THE MODE OF HEATING THE SAME." the same
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Napier Fulton at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 18th January 1876.
JOHN NAPIER FULTON, of 24, King William Street, in the City of London,
and County of Middlesex, Gentleman. * IMPROVEMENTS IN SAD OR OTHER PRESSING
IRONS AND SOLDERING IRONS, AND IN THE MODE OF HEATING THE SAME."
the same.
This Invention relates to improvements in the construction of sad, box, or other
pressing irons, and of soldering irons, and also to an improved method of heating
It consists in forming the body of the sad or other pressing iron or
soldering iron hollow, or with an internal chamber through one end (or other
convenient part), of which a circular or other suitably shaped hole or orifice is made.
in such a manner, that by placing the iron over an ordinary gas bracket the
lighted burner projects through the said hole into the hollow or internal chamber,
and the iron fitting closely round and supported by the burner is thereby heated
quickly and uniformly throughout. Other suitable holes are also made through the
ends or sides of the iron and its internal chamber for the purpose of admitting air
to support the combustion of the jet or flame and as vent to the waste products
thereof.
The advantages which this Invention has over pressing or soldering irons as
usually made and heated are that the iron is heated much more quickly and
effectually, and with considerably less expenditure of heat. The face of the iron is
kept perfectly clean, and in the case of the soldering iron the flame or fire not
coming in direct contact with the working point the metal is less liable to oxydize
and the tinning will therefore remain on the iron for a much longer time. It is
capable of almost immediate application in cases where the ordinary mode of
heating would be tedious or inconvenient. When not required for immediate use
the iron may be kept hot with a minimum sized jet or flame.
AN IMPROVED ROLLER SKATE
Year: 1876

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James Kite, senior, and James Kite, junior, both of the
Phoenix Iron Works, Vauxhall, in the County of Surrey, Engineers, for the
Invention of "AN IMPROVED ROLLER SKATE."
ealed the 7th April 1876, and dated the 4th February 1876.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James Kite, senior, and James
Kite, junior, at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 4th February
1876.
JAMES KITE, senior, and JAMES KITE, junior, both of the Phoenix Iron Works,
Vauxhall, in the County of Surrey, Engineers. "AN IMPROVED ROLLER SKATE."
We propose to construct a roller skate with a front roller of a conical form,
that is to say, tapering from the centre to each end, say, from a central diameter of
two inches to one and a half inches at each end. This roller will be set to revolve
easily upon a fixed axle carried by a vertical bracket or brackets fixed to the foot
stand, so that the axle is always at a right angle to the foot stand, and cannot take
a diagonal position when the skate is running in a curve.
The axle at the back part of our improved skate will be fixed in a similar
manner to that of our front roller. We do not however propose to use a single
conical back roller, but to divide the conical roller into three separate rollers, which,
although forming in combination a double cone, like the front roller, will each
revolve independently of the other, and thereby give the front roller greater freedom
to follow a curved line.
We believe that conical back rollers will give the facility above set forth, but we
may elect to use a single back roller with flat periphery, or two or more such
ordinary rollers.
The length of our front roller will be such as to give us a sufficient decrease of
diameter to permit turning in sharp curves without the angle being so acute as to
be likely to overturn a skater of only average skill.

page_text: The essential feature of our improved skate is the conical front roller, which must
be in one piece, in order that upon the canting of the skate the smaller diameter
may be compelled to describe a smaller circle or segment of a circle than that
described by the centre of the roller, upon which part the skater runs when
following a straight line.
IMPROVEMENTS IN TEA KETTLES AND OTHER SIMILAR VESSELS FOR HEATING WATER
Year: 1876

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Noel Chandler, of Hednesford, Staffordshire, for the
Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN TEA KETTLES AND OTHER SIMILAR VESSELS
FOR HEATING WATER."
Sealed the 4th May 1877, and dated the 6th November 1876.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Noel Chandler at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 6th November 1876.
NOEL CHANDLER, of Hednesford, Staffordshire. "IMPROVEMENTS IN TEA KETTLES
AND OTHER SIMILAR VESSELS FOR HEATING WATER."
The object of my Invention of improvements in tea kettles and other similar
vessels for heating water is to obtain a greater amount of heating surface than is
found in such vessels of the ordinary construction, and my Invention consists of
making such vessels with a corrugated bottom, the said corrugations forming tubes,
and the effect being that the heat of the fire, gas, or other fuel employed, is
enabled to play upon these tubes as in a tubular boiler, and thus water is thereby
heated sooner.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Noel Chandler in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 5th May 1877.
NOEL CHANDLER, of Hednesford, Staffordshire. IMPROVEMENTS IN TEA KETTLES
AND OTHER SIMILAR VESSELS FOR HEATING WATER."
"
The object of my Invention of improvements in tea kettles and other similar
vessels for heating water is to obtain a greater amount of beating surface than is
found in such vessels of ordinary construction, and my Invention consists of
making such vessels with a corrugated bottom, such corrugations forming tubes,
and the effect being that the heat of the fire, gas, or other fuel employed, is enabled
to play upon these tubes as in a tubular boiler, thereby obtaining great heating
surface relatively to the capacity of the vessel, and the water much sooner becomes
heated.

page_text: This construction and arrangement will be readily understood on referring to the
Sheet of Drawings hereunto annexed, in which Figure 1 represents a section and
Figure 2 a plan of a kettle seen from the under side; the arrangement and sizes of
the corrugations or of the tubes may be varied if required.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my Invention,
and how the same may be carried into operation, I would have it understood that
what I claim and desire to secure by the herein-before in part recited Letters Patent
is, the construction and use of improved kettles or other vessels similar to those
herein-before described and illustrated by the accompanying Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said Noel Chandler, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this Fifth day of May in the year of our Lord One thousand
eight hundred and seventy-seven.
NOEL CHANDLER. (LS.)
IMPROVEMENTS IN SAFETY VALVES
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederick William Shorey at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 14th November 1876.
FREDERICK WILLIAM SHOREY, of Plaistow, in the County of Essex, Engineer.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN SAFETY VALVES."
My Invention relates to safety valves to be employed with marine, locomotive, and
other boilers, and it has for its object utilizing the steam pressure as a means of
retaining the safety valve upon its seat and thereby wholly or partially dispensing
with the weights, springs, or levers ordinarily required, and also obtaining a freer
escape for the steam so soon as a given maximum boiler pressure has been exceeded.
In carrying out my Invention, in order to effect these objects, I employ a box or
chamber in communication with the steam space of the boiler, and situate, say for
example, upon the top thereof, which box or chamber is provided with two outlets,
by preference in a line with and opposite each other, over which I fit two valves
mounted on one and the same spindle or body, so that they will act in unison. One
of the valves, vist, the lower one, when they are arranged the one over the other, is
made of less area than the other or upper one, so that when the steam pressure in
the boiler is below the required maximuin, and consequently insufficient to lift the
upper valve, it will, by acting upon the lower valve, maintain or assist in main-
taining the compound or double valve upon its seats, whilst so soon as the said
maximum pressure is exceeded the upper valve will be lifted and simultaneously
raise the lower valve, thereby opening the outlets for the escape of steain and thus
more promptly relieving the excess of pressure, the outlets being subsequently closed
by the return of the compound or double valve to its seats, and maintained in that
condition by the pressure of the steam upon the lower valve with or without the
assistance of auxiliary means until the maximum pressure is again exceeded.
It is obvious that although I have described a single compound safety valve only
as used in combination with the said box or chamber, yet the safety valves may be
employed in duplicate or in any required number, that is to say, two or more of such
compound or double valves may be employed in conjunction as in the case of ordinary
safety valves.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ROLLER SKATES
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Ebenezer William Hughes at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 19th February 1876.
EBENEZER WILLIAM HUGHES, of Allcroft Road, Kentish Town, in the County of
Middlesex, Civil Engineer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN ROLLER SKATES."
According to this Invention a roller skate is constructed having a curved plate
with the sides inclining downward from the centre longitudinal line, and along this
centre line on the top side hinges or centres are arranged, upon which the foot plate
rests and turns, having corresponding hinges or centres fixed to the under side,
and underneath this curved plate the vertical axle standards are secured.
The vertical axles are cast or secured to the wheel axle (but advantageously in
one piece) so as to move or rotate either way to a limited extent, checked by
springs passing tightly through the vertical axle. The ends of these springs are
held by studs secured to the under side of the curved plate before described, so as
to hold the wheel axle and foot plate steady when the skater moves in a straight
course. When the skater wishes to move in a course left or right the centre piece
(which is firmly connected with the foot plate at its centre and passing freely
through or outside the curved plate) moves sideways upon the axis formed by the
hinges or centres fixed between the plates before described, and at its lower
extremity holds the wheel axles by means of connecting bars in subjection, thereby
controlling proportionately and simultaneously the action of the foot plate and
radial axles steadily at every instant of operation of every variable evolution of the
skater.
Bow springs are arranged between the foot and curved plate to graduate the
various movements.
The whole of the parts are advantageously constructed of metal.
Skates constructed in accordance with my improvements afford great stability
and safety to the skater.
IMPROVEMENTS IN WINDOW FASTENERS."
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Thame Sloan and William Charles
Frost at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 4th March 1876.
JOHN THAME SLOAN, of Linslade, and WILLIAM CHARLES FROST, of Leighton
Buzzard. IMPROVEMENTS IN WINDOW FASTENERS."
This Invention has for its object improvements in window fasteners, and is for
the purpose of combining greater security, cleanliness, and convenience than has
hitherto been obtained by those in ordinary use.
To carry out our Invention we proceed as follows:-We fix two metal base plates
in the ordinary way on the upper and lower sashes, the one on the lower sash
being provided with the ordinary metal curve. In the front of this curve we form
a small notch, and to the base plate on the upper sash we fix a bolt in the usual
way, but without having the ordinary spring. At the end of this bolt where the
knob is generally placed we fix a small circular metal box, in one side of which a
narrow slot or opening is formed to permit of a spring catch placed in the bottom of
the box projecting through. We do not fasten such spring catch to the box as its
On the top
position is regulated by an ordinary lock spring working on a screw.
of the metal box we fasten a cap or cover made either of porcelain, glass, or any
other suitable.material. This cap works on a screw or pivot fixed in the centre of
the bottom of the box. At the base of such cap a small tooth or projection is
formed, which tooth fits into a notch formed in the spring catch on the bottom of
the box to receive it. When it is desired to fasten the window the bolt is drawn
forward in the ordinary manner when the spring catch falls into the notch formed
in front of the metal curve, thus securely fastening the window. To unfasten it
the knob is pushed back, and thereby the spring catch is withdrawn from its recess
and the bolt is driven back in the ordinary way.
Our improved window fastener cannot be opened from the outside, at the same
time that its peculiar construction prevents the secretion of dust and dirt, which
now is generally found to accumulate at the back of the fastening on the upper sash.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LUBRICATING APPARATUS FOR STEAM ENGINES
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Robert Lake at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 8th February 1876. A communication
from abroad by Nicholas Seibert, of San Francisco, California, United States of
America.
WILLIAM ROBERT LAKE, of the Firm of Haseltine, Lake, & Co., Patent Agents,
Southampton Buildings, London. "IMPROVEMENTS IN LUBRICATING APPARATUS
FOR STEAM ENGINES." A communication.
G
This Invention is more especially designed for railway engines, and relates to
improvements in the apparatus described in the Specification of former Letters
Patent, dated 23rd March, A.D. 1871, No. 796, and it consists in devices for
equalizing the steam pressure upon the oil cup when steam is shut off from the
steam pipe, as is usually the case on down grades.
In the lubricator described in the aforesaid Specification the steam pressure upon
the oil cup is balanced, and the only force for feeding out the oil is the hydrostatic
pressure arising from the column of condensed steam in the reservoir. This
equality of pressure is true only so long as the steam is admitted to the steam pipe,
through which the lubricant passes to the parts to be lubricated.
When steam is shut off from this steam pipe, there being no pressure left to
equalize the steam pressure through the pipe, the oil is forced out of the cup inore
rapidly than is desired for a proper feed. To overcome this difficulty is the object
of the present Invention.
A condensing pipe connects the steam pipe and oil reservoir, which is supplied
with water by reason of the steam condensing in the said condensing pipe. An oil
pipe leads to the cylinder and valve chest, and is provided with a stop cock or valve
and a check valve. The steam pressure through the said pipe upon this check
valve is just equal to the opposite pressure through the condensing pipe, and hence
the oil is fed out by hydrostatic pressure.
When the steam is shut off from the engine the pressure from the oil pipe ceases,
but this pressure is supplied through a supplemental pipe connected directly either
with the steam pipe or the boiler. This supplemental pipe acts in unison with the
steam pipe as long as steam is admitted to the latter, but supplies its place and acts
independently to accomplish the same result whenever steam is shut off from the
said steam, or from what is known as the dry pipe.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR RELIEVING THE SLIVER OF TENTION IN SLIVER AND DRAWING CANS
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Steel and Daniel Smith at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 26th September 1876.
JOSEPH STEEL, of Harden, near Bingly, Spring Maker, and DANIEL SMITH, of
Keighley, Machine Wool Comber, both in the County of York. "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR RELIEVING THE SLIVER OF TENTION IN SLIVER
AND DRAWING CANS."
The object of our Invention is to regulate the tention of the sliver of wool, mohair,
silk, flax, jute, or other fibrous substances in such a manner that the tention of the
fibre whilst passing from the cans to the various preparing machines from the combs
to the drawing or roving boxes will be the same and not vary whether the can be
full of the sliver or almost empty, and that the tention will be the same throughout,
from the beginning of a full can of sliver until the same be empty.
Wo accomplish our object in the following manner:-Into the bottom of an
ordinary sliver can we place a spiral spring, having at each end a flat board or plate
attached perpendicular to the axes of the spring, and of such a diameter that the
same will work freely in the can. The sliver is run into the can in the ordinary
manner, the weight of the material forming the sliver in the can will gradually
compress the spring downwards until the can is full, it will be easily understood
that when the sliver is drawn out of the can and the weight of the spring reduced
the spring will gradually expand and lift the remaining sliver in the can towards
the top, so that the drag or tention of the sliver will be the same from the commence.
ment of drawing the material out of a full can until all is drawn off.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN DOORS AND DAMPERS FOR BAKERS' OVENS
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Walter Quinsey at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 23rd May 1876.
WALTER QUINSEY, of Balsall Heath, in the County of Worcester, Ironfounder.
"CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN DOORS AND DAMPERS FOR BAKERS' OVENS."
The object of my Invention is so to construct the doors and dampers of bakers'
ovens that they may when closed be steam-tight.
For this purpose I first provide a door and frame of the usual kind, except
upon the inside of the said door there is cast or affixed a projection or raised edge.
The said frame is grooved in such manner that the projection or raised edge upon
the door just spoken of may take therein.
In order to make the joint steam-tight I next place within the before-mentioned
grooved space a suitable substance which may serve as an efficient packing, and by
preference I use for this purpose the substance which is generally known as hot
water packing.
The damper and its frame according to my Invention is constructed in a similar
manner to the door and frame before described, but instead of the said damper
working upon hinges it slides within grooves or recesses provided in a suitable
frame, and when closed it becomes air-tight by its being closely wedged within the
said grooves or recessos, between which it is caused to take, as herein-before explained,
the said grooves or recesses being packed in a similar manner to the frame of the
door.