IMPROVEMENTS IN UTILIZING THE HEAT GENERATED IN BESSEMER STEEL CONVERTERS, AND IN APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH
Year: 1877

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Arthur Cooper, Engineer, of Ivy Cottage, Industry Road,
Darnall, in the West Riding of the County of York, for the Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN UTILIZING THE HEAT GENERATED IN BESSEMER STEEL
CONVERTERS, AND IN APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH”
Sealed the 20th July 1877, and dated the 25th January 1877.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Arthur Cooper at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 25th January 1877
"
ARTHUR COOPER, Engineer, of Ivy Cottage, Industry Road, Darnall, in the West
Riding of the County of York. IMPROVEMENTS IN UTILIZING THE HEAT GENE-
RATED IN BESSEMER STEEL CONVERTERS, AND IN APPARATUS CONNECTED THERE-
WITH
"
This Invention relates to the utilisation of the heat generated in Bessemer steel
converters for the purpose of economising fuel, and consists in the application of the
heat evolved from the mouth of the said Bessemer steel converter to various useful
purposes, such as, for example, heating the blast of air used for melting the metal
in cupolas or other furnaces, heating the blast of an used for coverting the metal in
the said Bessemer steel converters, or heating water for the purpose of feeding steam
boilers, or heating water or air for other useful purposes, or for superheating steam,
or the application of the said heat as evolved from the said Bessemer steel converter
for any and all useful purposes
This Invention can be carried into effect by constructing a suitable apparatus in
a convenient position attached to or near to the mouth of the Bessemer steel con-
veiter, through which said apparatus the air, water, steam, or other combination of
elements or elements may be forced or drawn
The method I propose at present to adopt is to place in the stack or flue into
which the flame from the said converter is directed, at a suitable height, a range or
coil of pipes of suitable material, such as cast iron, wrought iron, steel, brass, copper,
or a combination of two or all of them, upon which the flame or heat will impinge,
and through the said lange or coil of pipes to pass the an, water, steam, or other
combination of elements or elements to be heated
Instead of a range oi coil of pipes a suitable chamber or chamber flue or flues

page_text: may be used, constructed of suitable materials, such as cast non, wrought iron, steel,
brass, copper, fire-clay, fire-tubes, ganister, or any fire-resisting material, or a combi-
nation of any two or more of them, and arranged in such a manner as to intercept
the heat from the said Bessemer steel converter on its way through the stack or
flue usually employed to conduct it into the atmosphere.
The chamber or chambers, flue or flues, range, or coil of pipes or pipes leading
thereto or therefrom may be fitted with suitable relief valves to liberate any excess
of pressure, and also fitted with suitable stop.valves to govern the inlet and outlet
of the elements or combination of elements which are to be or have been heated in
the manner above specified
In carrying into effect these improvements the air, water, steam, or other combi-
nation of elements will be forced or drawn through the apparatus above specified,
and after being heated employed for various useful purposes
At the completion of the "blow," or when the said Bessemer steel converter is
not in use, the stack or flue in which the apparatus is fixed may be closed to prevent
the sudden cooling of the apparatus by the external air.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Arthur Cooper in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 21st July
1877.
ARTHUR COOPER, of Ivy Cottage, Darnall, in the West Riding of the County
of York, Engineer "IMPROVEMENTS IN UTILIZING THE HEAT GENERATED IN
BESSEMER STEEL CONVERTERS, AND IN APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH
This Invention relates to the utilisation of the heat generated in Bessemer steel
converters (as used in what is known as the Bessemer process for the manufacture
of steel or compounds of uon containing less carbon and silicon than is contained in
cast oi pig on, which said compounds are capable of being cast or discharged from
the said converter in a molten state) for economising fuel, and consists in the appli-
cation of the heat evolved from the mouth or throat of the said converters for the
purpose of heating air, water, steam, or other combination of elements or elements
(which can be forced, drawn, or passed through the apparatus) in the manner and
by the apparatus herein-after specified. The air heated in the manner and by the
apparatus herein-after specified will or can be used for promoting the combustion of
fuel in cupola or other furnaces for melting metals, or in furnaces for heating metals,
or promoting the combustion of fuel in the furnaces or fire-grates of steam boilers,
and for similar or other purposes, and the water heated in the manner and by the
apparatus herein-after specified can or will be used for feeding or supplying steam
boilers, or for similai or other purposes, and the steam superheated in the manner
and by the apparatus herein-after specified can or will be used for driving steam
engines, steam hammers, or similar or other purposes
•
This Invention can be carried into effect by constructing a suitable apparatus in
a convenient position either outside or inside the stack, flue, or hood usually
employed to duect the flame or heat (or hot gases) from the converter into the
atmosphere, through which said apparatus the air, water, steam, or other combina-
tion of elements or elements will be forced, drawn, or passed to be heated by the
flame or heat (or hot gases) impinging on the said apparatus
Annexed hereto or accompanying this Specification is a Drawing by which and
the following description the apparatus I have designed to carry my Invention into
effect will be clearly understood
Figure 1 shows an elevation, and Figure 2 a plan, both partly in section, of one
apparatus fixed outside the stack, fluc, or hood, and so arranged as to receive or
intercept the heat evolved from the mouths or throats of the two Bessemer steel
converters marked A and B, the said converters being shown in the position which

page_text: "
con-
they usually occupy when charged with metal, that is, being "blown” or
verted" The converter A is shown as being in use, and the converter B as being
at lest
The flame or heat from the converter A 11ses and diffuses itself in the stack C
(Figures 1 and 2), which stack should be covered over or partly covered over to pie-
vent the escape of the heat upwards to the atmosphere, and enters the chamber D,
whence it passes into the chamber E, then into the chamber F (all shown in
Figure 2), and finally into the stack G (Figure 1 and 2), whence it may pass off
into the atmosphere through the damper hole H (Figure 1) When the converter B
is at work the direction of the flame or heat evolved therefiom is reversed, so that
it enters in succession the said chambers F, E, D, passes into the stack C, and may
pass off into the atmosphere through the damper hole I When the converter A 18
at work the damper hole I should be closed, and when the converter B is at work the
damper hole II should be closed. After the apparatus herein specified has been
used in connection with either of the said converters, the dampers I and H can be
or should be closed to prevent the cooling of the apparatus by the entry or passage
of cold air
If the apparatus is not requned to be used in connection with the converters, the
dampers at I and H can be opened, and the flame or heat allowed to pass off fiom
the said converters ducet into the atmosphere without entering the apparatus
The chambers D, E, F, are constructed of fire-buck on some other refractory
material encased in 11on plates, or red bucks, or other wise, so built as to retain and
iesist the heat, and so made as to contain the langes of pipes hercin-after specified,
and are supported on guides, as shown at Z, Figure 1
The au, water, steam, or other combination of elements or elements may enter tho
apparatus (for the purpose of being heated) through the pipe K (Figure 2) into the
distributing pipe L (Figure 2), and through a range of pipes, as shewn in elevation
in Figure 1, and shewn in plan in chamber D (Figure 2), through the distributing
pipe M, which connects the ranges of pipes in chambers D and E, through the range
of pipes in chamber E to the distributing pipe N, which connects the ranges of pipes
in chambers E and F, and through the range of pipes in the chamber into the
pipe O, and, finally, though the pipe P (all shown in Figure 2) to the place where
they are requned to be used
The an, water, steam, or other combination of elements or clements may be forced,
drawn, or passed through the ranges of pipes above specified, and may be made to
enter at the pipe K. and pass out at the pipe P, or enter at the pipe P and pass out
at the pipe K, and when so passed through, and either the converter A or the con-
verter B is at work, the heat evolved from the mouth or throat of the said converter.
will, by passing through the chambers D, E, F, either in one direction or the reverse
duection, impinge on the ranges of pipes, and in this mannei hoat the pipes and the
said air, water, steam, or other combination of elements or elements which are being
passed through them
Figures 3 and 4 show in elevation and partly in section an apparatus fixed inside
the stack, flue, or hood ordinarily employed to receive the flame or hent fiom thô
convertor and duect it into the atmosphere Figure 3 shows a view of the apparatus
looking from the back of the converter towards the front o mouth, and Figune 4
shows a view of the same apparatus looking from one side of the converter towaid
the other side This apparatus is arranged to receive and intercept the heat from
one converter only, marked Q, the flame or heat from which diffuses itself in the
stack R, which stack should be covered over or partly covered over to prevent the
too rapid escape of heat upwards to the atmosphere, and after impinging on the
range of pipes S passes away through the damper hole T, oi this damper hole may
be closed entirely during the blow if it be thought desirable
The air, water, steam, or other combination of elements or elements may either
enter the main pipe U, and after traversing through the distributing pipe V_and
pipes connected therewith, pass out through the distributing pipe W and pipe X, or
may be made to take the reverse direction, and when the converter Q18 at work,
•

page_text: and the flame or heat evolved therefrom impinges on the range of pipes S (supported
on girders Y, Figures 3 and 4), the elements or combination of elements being passed
through the said range of pipes will be heated.
The ranges of pipes above specified I make by preference of cast iron, but they
can be made of steel, wrought iron, copper, brass, or of a combination of two or
more of them, or of any other suitable material or combination of materials, and I
fix at one or both ends of the said range of pipes a valve to govern the inlet or
outlet of the elements which are to be or have been heated; and if necessary the
inlet or outlet pipes, or both, may be fitted with relief valves to liberate any excess
of pressure
The apparatus, as shewn in Figures 3 and 4 of the accompanying Drawing, I have
constructed and tested, and find to answer well in practical use, and I am now
erecting an apparatus, as shown in Figures 1 and 2, by which I anticipate to realise
even better results in practical use than I have obtained from the apparatus as shown
in Figures 3 and 4.
I have by the above description and reference to the Drawing annexed hereto or
accompanying this Specification made it clear in what manner and by what appa-
ratus I now cairy into effect my Invention, and it will be clear to those persons
who are usually employed to design, build, or manage works for the manufacture of
Bessemer steel that the following modifications in the mode of application of the
principle of my Invention and apparatus therefor can be carried out and would
answer the purpose in practical use, that is to say
The range or ranges of pipes can be fixed in a horizontal, oblique, or other con-
venient position, and the division walls of the heating chambers and the heating
chambers can be arranged to suit those modifications
Or instead of a range or ranges of pipes, as specified and drawn, a coil or coils of
pipes can be used, arranged in the flue or stack, or in a chamber or chambers, as
shown in Figures 1 and 2 in the Drawing, or in any suitable chamber, and instead
of the combination of elements or clements being passed through the range or
ranges, coil or coils of pipes, they can be made to impinge on the said range 01
ranges, coil or coils of pipes, and the flame or heat evolved from the mouth of the
converter be passed through the said range or ranges, coil or coils of pipes for tho
purpose of imparting heat to the said elements, &c.
Or instead of a range or ranges, coil or coils of pipes, chambers or flues may be
substituted, constructed of cast iron, wrought iron, steel, brass, copper, fire-clay, fire-
bricks, ganıster, or any fire-resisting material, or a combination of any two or more
of them, and anlanged in such a manner as to intercept the flame or heat from the
converter, either by passing it through the said chambers or flues, or by allowing it
to impinge on the said chambers or flues, and so heat the said elements, &c, which
would be made to impinge on or pass through the said chambers oi flues The said
chambers or flues would be built within or encased by a suitable casing, which would
retain and resist the heat
Or instead of the flame or heat and the elements, &c, to be heated passing
through and impinging upon the range or coil of pipes, or passing through and
impinging upon the chambers or flues simultaneously, the inlet of the flame or heat
and the elements to be heated may be so regulated as that the heat or flame shall
be first passed through the apparatus for the purpose of heating it, and afterwards
the elements, &c, be passed through the said apparatus for the purpose of taking up
the heat previously imparted to the said apparatus
Or instead of apparatus to receive or intercept the heat from one or two con-
verters, as herein described and drawn, a similar apparatus, or a modification of the
apparatus can be constructed and used, which would receive or intercept the heat
from three or more converters
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of my said Inven-
tion, and the manner in which the same is or may be used or carried into effect, I
would observe in conclusion, that what I consider to be novel and onginal, and
therefore claim as the Invention secured to me by the heroin-before in part

page_text: recited Letters Patent is, the utilization of the heat generated in and evolved from the
mouths of Bessemer steel converters for the purpose of heating air, water, steam, or
other combination of elements, or elements, in the manner and by the apparatus, or
modifications of the apparatus herein specified, described, and drawn
In witness whereof, I, the said Arthur Cooper, have hereunto set my hand and
seal, this Twelfth day of July, in the year of our Loid One thousand eight
hundred and seventy-seven
ARTHUR COOPER. (LS)
Vitness,
E EDWARDS HEWETT,
High Court,
Sheffield and London,
Consulting Engineer,
and Agent for the said Arthur Cooper.