IMPROVEMENTS IN SOLVENT OR DETERGENT PROCESSES
Year: 1867

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James Garth Marshall, of Leeds, in the County of
York, Flax Spinner, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN SOLVENT OR
DETERGENT PROCESSES."
Sealed the 14th February 1868, and dated the 22nd August 1867.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James Garth Marshall
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
22nd August 1867.
I, JAMES GARTH MARSHALL, of Leeds, in the County of York, Flax Spinner,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
SOLVENT OR DETERGENT PROCESSES," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in a new mode of combining the influences of high
temperature and great pressure in solvent or detergent processes. I propose
to effect this by enclosing the material, fibre, or fabric to be operated upon in
> a closed vessel of a shape and strength suited to resist the amount of pressure
to be applied; I then by means of steam at high pressure or other suitable
mechamical agent force the solvent or detergent liquid through the material,
fibre, or fabric, the liquid used having been heated to a high temperature., I
repeat this operation until the solvent or detergent process shall have been
fully completed.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said James Garth Marshall in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 22nd February 1868.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JAMES
GARTH MARSHALL, of Leeds, in the County of York, Flax Spinner, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-second day of August, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-seven, in the thirty-first year of Her
reign; did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said James Garth Marshall, Her special licence that I, the said
James Garth Marshall, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such
others as I, the said James Garth Marshall, my executors, administrators,
and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time
and at all times thereafter during, the term therein expressed, should and
lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of
Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN SOLVENT OR DETERGENT PROCESSES," upon the
condition (amongst others)'that I, the said James Garth Marshall; my executors
or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of
their hands and seals, 'should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of
the .said. Invention, and in what manner t the same was to be performed, and
cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent."
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said James Garth Marshall,"
do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner: the same is: to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by' the
following statement, reference being had to "the Drawing hereunto annexed,
and to the letters and figures marked thereon (that is to say):
My Invention of " Improvements in Solvent or Detergent Processes relates
to a new mode of combining the influences of high temperature and great
pressure in solvent or detergent processes to be applied to dissolving the
gummy or resinous matters adhering to the fibres of various fibre-yielding plants,
or for cleaning fibrous material of animal origin, such as wool or silk, from
extraneous matters that may be adherent thereto. I effect these objects by
enclosing the material, fibres, or fabric to be operated upon in a closed vessel or
chamber of a shape and strength suited to resist the amount of internal pres
sure that is intended to be employed to force the solvent or detergent liquids

page_text: through the fibres when the goods to be operated upon are arranged in the
vessel. The solvent or detergent liquid employed is to be forced by means of
steam at high pressure or other suitable mechanical agent through the
material, fibre, or fabric, the liquid to be used having previously been heated
to a high temperature. This operation of forcing the liquid through the goods
is to be repeated until the solvent, detergent, or cleansing process shall have
been fully completed..
In Sheet I. of the accompanying Drawings Fig. 1 is an external elevation
of the apparatus which I employ for the purpose of carrying out my Invention,
and adapting it to operate upon rovings or slivers of any fibrous material,
which may be wound upon bobbins; Fig. 2 is.a vertical section of the same
shewing the mode of letting the liquor in and out of the chamber, one bobbin
being shewn as mounted in place on the centre nozzle or short tube through
which the detergent liquid is forced from .below; Fig. 3 is a horizontal
section or sectional plan of the apparatus shewing the nineteen nozzles (for as
many bobbins), with the inlet and outlet pipes and the hand holes or openings
for obtaining access to the interior of the apparatus; Fig. 4 is a side elevation
shewing the mode of fastening the covers of the hand hole or openings;
Fig. 5 represents the under side of the cast-iron bottom B; Fig. 6 is a top view,
of the same; Fig. 7 is a plan view of the plug frame I containing the nine-
teen plugs which serve to keep the bobbins in a vertical position:
.
:
The vertical section, Fig. 2, represents a form of apparatus adapted for
operating upon rovings or similar materials, one bobbin being represented in
place so as to shew the mode of action on all. The vessel A is cylindrical and
has a dome-shaped top made of malleable iron or other suitable material strong
enough to resist a pressure of two. bhundred pounds on the square inch,,or,
more where desirable. B. is a cast-iron plate forming the bottom of the
vessel; this plate B contains a cavity C, and is separated from the open part of
the vessel A by the tube plate F. The detergent or solvent liquor is intro-
duced into the cavity C through the pipe or tube D.
Into the tube plate F,
or short tubes e, e, e,
are screwed or otherwise: fixed a number of nozzles
according to the number of bobbins intended to be acted upon at one time..
The form of the bobbin is shewn at G; its sides (which may be fluted); are
perforated transversely for the purpose, of allowing the detergent liquid to flow
out. The bobbin is tubular and is open at the bottom where the nozzle e
enters it; this open central tube of the bobbin is closed at the top, by the plug h,
the plugs for all the bobbins being carried by a disc or plate. I, the form of
which is shewn in, the detached plan view, Fig. 7.; This disc or plate is
capable of being raised and lowered by the winch K on the screwed shaft K! for

page_text: exit
the purpose of removing the bobbins and introducing others in their place:
In Fig. 3; L, L; are apertures in the sides of the vessel A through which the
bobbins are introduced and removed; these apertures are closed by a strong
iron lid or cover L', Figures 1 'and 4. Below the plate B the pipe or tube
D is continued downwards and contains several lateral branch tubes or open-
ings' m, m, m, which are opened and closed by valves (not shewn in the
Drawing) for the introduction or exit of the various liquids required in the
process. Another pipe or tube N extends from the interior of the vessel A
through the plate B, and is 'likewise continued below it; this pipe or tube
also has several lateral branch tubes or openings n, n, n, n, which are opened
and closed by valves (not shewn in the Drawing) for the introduction or
of the various liquids required in the process. At the bottom of the pipes or
tubes D and N waste or exit valves are to be placed for drawing off the
liquid and emptying the apparatus altogether when required. When heated
liquor is required to be used it is to be heated in a closed boiler or vessel
strong enough to withstand the pressure of two hundred pounds or more to
the square inch; and which boiler is connected by a pipe with one or more
of the lateral branches or openings m, m, or n, n. The return' of the liquor
to the boiler after circulating through the apparatus is secured by a forcing
pump fixed between the boiler and apparatus and attached to one or more
of the lateral branches or openings m, m, or n, n.. The liquor in the boiler
being heated, and steam produced' to 'the required pressure and temperature,
the liquor will be forced by the pressure of the steam through one of the
lateral branches or openings (say m, m,) for injecting from the inside to the
outside of the bobbin; the liquor will then be forced up the tube D into the
cavity C and through the nozzle e into the centre of the bobbin, and from
thence through the apertures at the sides of the bobbin and through the
substance of the roving or other material which is wound upon the bobbin:
The liquor is thus made to pass under pressure from the inside to the outside
of the bobbin (and through the roving wound thereon) into the space of the
vessel A between the plates F and I, from whence it is drawn off by a forcing
or suction pump-through the pipe N and one or more of the apertures n, n,
and is conducted again into the boiler; from whence it may be passed a second,
third, and more times through the apparatus. By reversing the operation
the liquor may in a similar manner be forced through the roving or other
material on the bobbin from the outside to the inside into the cavity C, and
be again returned to the boiler through the tube D and the branch tubes
m, m. After the material on the bobbins has thus been saturated with hot liquor
the rovings may when required be washed with water by a similar action of

page_text: the apparatus, the water being drawn from a reservoir or other source at a
sufficient height and of sufficient size to afford pressure enough to 'drive the
water through the apparatus. The water may be passed through once or
oftener as shall be found desirable, and in either direction. Other solutions
not requiring heat and high pressure, such as the acids used in bleaching, may
also be passed through the apparatus in like manner as the water.. 'Raw
materials, such as the straw of flax,hemp, wool, silk, or similar substances, may
also be placed in the vessel A and operated upon in a similar manner. Yarns
and manufactured articles to which washing or bleaching processes are or may
be applied may also be placed in the vessel. A and similarly. treated, and a
similar application of the apparatus may be made to any of the ordinary
processes of washing or cleansing various other substances and fabrics. In
each of these cases some modification of the mode of entrance and exit of the
liquor and the mode of placing or holding the substance or material to be
operated upon to suit the character of such substance or material would be
required, the action of the apparatus remaining substantially the same. Of
course, when fabrics or fibrous substances in the bulk are to be operated upon,
the hollow bobbins G are dispensed with.
In Sheet II. of the Drawings I have shewn an arrangement of apparatus
which will be found convenient for operating upon flax, straw, wool, silk, or
other materal in bulk or when made up into a fabric.
Fig. 1 is a longitudinal vertical section of, the apparatus, and Fig. 2ª is an
end view of the same.
The flax, straw, wool, silk, or other material should be made up in bundles
of suitable and convenient size and placed horizontally in the vessel. A,
Fig. 1. This vessel A should be completely filled with the bundles, and this
may be conveniently done by packing the bundles in an open wicker basket
or frame made to fit the vessel A and closed at the end, placed next the
moveable end or cover P of the vessel A; this end of the basket or frame
may be closed by a perforated disc or plate similar to that shewn at Q at the
other end of the vessel A.
For operating upon woven fabrics in this apparatus they may be con-
veniently wound into rolls with an open web of rods of wood or wire introduced
between the folds of cloth, so as to keep them separate and allow of the
passage to the liquor through the folds of the fabric. This open web is shewn
in plan at Fig. 3, and in section at Fig 4°. These rolls are then placed hori-
zontally in the vessel A, and the liquor or liquors are then to be forced
through the supply pipe D, and thence through the material to be operated
upon, and conveyed out by the exit pipe N, as in the former instance. The
}

page_text: motion or passage of the liquid may then be reversed if desired, and the
material may be washed with water as before described.
Having now described my Invention of " Improvements in Solvent and
Detergent Processes," and having explained the manner of carrying the same
into effect, I claim as the Invention secured to me by Letters Patent as afore-
said, operating upon fibres, fibrous materials, or textile fabrics by means of
chemical-solvents or solutions either. in a hot or cold state in combination with
a high pressure for forcing the solutions through the fibres, as herein set forth.
In witness whereof, I, the said James Garth Marshall, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, the Eighteenth day of February, in the year of our
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-eight.
JAMES GARTHI MARSHALL. (L.S.)
Signed, sealed, and delivered *
by the said James Garth
'Marshall, in the presence of
EDWARD WHITELEY,
Clerk to Messrs. Richardson & Turner,
Solicitors,
L'eeds.