IMPROVEMENTS IN AND RELATING TO ELECTRICAL SIGNALLING APPARATUS CHIEFLY DESIGNED FOR TELEPHONIC PURPOSES
Year: 1883

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to. William Robert Lake, of the firm of Haseltine Lake
and Co Patent Agents, Southampton Buildings, London for an Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN AND RELATING TO ELECTRICAL SIGNALLING APPARATUS
CHIEFLY DESIGNED FOR TELEPHONIC PURPOSES," communicated to him from
abroad by James Hussey Cary, of Boston, Massachusetts United States of
America
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Robert Lake at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 17th July 1883..
"
WILLIAM ROBERT LAKE, of the firm of Haseltine Lake and Co, Patent Agents,
Southampton Buildings, London "IMPROVEMENTS IN AND RELATING TO ELECTRIC
SIGNALLING APPARATUS CHIEFLY DESIGNED FOR TELEPHONIC PURPOSES [A com-
munication to him from abroad by James Hussey Cary, of Boston, Massachusetts
United States of America]
One part of this invention relates to signalling apparatus for use in electrical
systems and particularly to telephone systems where a number of sub-stations are
located on one line radiating from a central operating station, and has for its
object to provide a new and simple system of calling any particular sub-station
without signalling any other sub-station on the line. The signal mechanism which
I employ for this purpose is that described in the specification of former Letters
Patent dated September 6 A.D. 1882 N° 4246. wherein a polarized armature is
arranged to vibrate between the poles of the electro-magnet and adapted when in
one position to arrest or prevent the rotation of the circuit closing and breaking
shaft, constituting a unison.device. In this case a current of one polarity will be
sent to line to bring all the instruments at the several sub-stations to unison, the
currents causing the polarized armatures to move in the proper direction to arrest
the pins upon their shafts and so bring them to unison and lock them. Currents
or pulsations of opposite polarity being now sent to line, the polarized armatures
are attracted to the opposite pole of the electro-magnet, permitting the several
shafts to rotate according to the number of pulsations sent to line. When the
circuit breaker at the required station bas operated to break the line and open the
'
.

page_text: circuit through the bell to ground, currents of alternating or of rapidly reversed
polarity are sent from the central station to cause the bell to ring. I may employ
any bell I choose at the sub-stations; ordinarily I prefer crank magneto-bells by
which a sub-station can signal the central station. The generator at central station
used for the purpose of signalling may also be used in all the operations of the said
station requiring electric energy.
Another part of the said invention relates to electric signalling and its specific
object is to provide simple, yet perfectly efficient, devices whereby a larger number
of sub-stations may be connected in a signal line circuit, all of the stations being
perfectly controlled by a central station: and whereby each of the said sub-stations
may be signalled to the exclusion of the others, when communication therewith is
desired.
""
In the said former specification I have described an individual signalling apparatus
in which at each sub-station an electro-magnet provided with a neutral armature
is arranged to rotate a ratchet with a step by step movement by means of successive
electrical pulsations of definite direction, which are transmitted over the line from
the central station: each of these ratchets is combined with a circuit-breaking
device which at a definite point in the rotation of the ratchet, differing for each
station, is brought into action and actuated to introduce into the main line circuit
a call bell magnet, which, when so introduced, may be rung by rapidly alternating
currents transmitted from the central station; I now combine with a series of sub-
stations signalling instruments of the character described in the said former
specification, a second series of signalling instruments in which the call bell electro
magnet is included in a local battery circuit normally open at two separate points
and is thus adapted to become operative only when the local circuit is closed at the
said two points simultaneously: the signalling instruments of the second series are
also operated by ratchets and brought into their ringing position (which differs for
each one of the series) by means of a step by step movement.
The method of producing the signal in the bells of the second series differs
materially from that of producing a signal in those of the first, and therefore by
combining both series in one system-I am enabled to connect a greatly increased
number of sub-stations in circuit on a single line without impairing the
individuality of any of them, for although two bells, one of each series, may be
simultaneously brought to the ringing point, only one of them is rung, because each.
will only respond to its proper method of manipulation
Another part of the said invention bas for its object to provide an apparatus for
automatically actuating and operating the signals of telephone line circuits in cases
where a number of sub-stations are connected together in one circuit, and where the
signalling apparatus of the said sub-stations are of the class known as individual
signals wherein any one may be operated and consequently any station signalled,
at the will of the central office operator, to the exclusion of the others.
I have heretofore used a manual transmitting or actuating apparatus consisting
of suitable reversing keys combined with a magneto generator, or with a voltaic
battery and pole changer and adapted to transmit at will constant electrical
currents of either direction, or constantly alternating currents, according to the key
pressed.
It has however been ascertained that it is most desirable for the proper operation
of such signals as I have described, 'that the several electrical impulses should be
given with the utmost steadiness and uniformity. This requires close and
unremitting attention and extreme care, accompanied with considerable delicacy of
manipulation on the part of the operator. But by the use of this invention, the
manipulation of these signals is rendered a matter of extremely simple and easy
character, and the care and precision of the manual operation is rendered
unnecessary.
I enclose in a suitable case a propelling mechanism of the type ordinarily used
in district telegraphs which is operated by the running down of a spring and
wound up by the action of the operator immediately prior to setting the mechanism

page_text: in operation. That is, the mechanism normally at rest, is released from its detent.
and wound up, by one and the same instantaneous movement, and by the act of
running down, expends its force and once more comes to rest at its unison point.
Upon a rotating arbor actuated by this mechanism, are fixed two rotary break
wheels, and a circuit closing traveller. One of the brake wheels being arranged.
with equally divided spaces of conducting and non-conducting material serves the
purpose of intermitting a constant current from a suitable source of electricity and
so producing a constant succession of momentary impulses and cessations of.
electricity which actuates the ratchets of the several signal bells-with the step by
step motion required.
The other brake wheel is provided with two contact springs, arranged so that
when one of them is in contact with a conducting space, the other is in contact
with a non-conducting space, and as one of these springs leads from a source of
electricity furnishing currents of constant direction, and the other from a source;
furnishing constantly alternating currents this brake wheel is adapted to determine
which class of current may be sent to line.
The said invention comprises the combination of a main line circuit, two or more
signalling instruments adapted to respond to electrical pulsations of rapidly
alternating direction included therein, a shunt or branch circuit round each of the
said signalling instruments and an electro mechanical circuit changer in the main
circuit adapted to break the said shunt and introduce the signal bell into the main
circuit after the transmission of a definite number of electrical impulses with
transmitting devices at a central station consisting of a magneto or dynamo
electric generator: suitable connections from the commutator thereof to keys
whereby currents of constant direction reversible at will may be transmitted to
line, and other connections from the generator independent of the commutator to
other keys whereby rapidly alternating currents may be transmitted to line.
It also comprises the combination in a system of electrical signalling of a
magneto electric or dynamo electric generator provided with a commutator: a
main line signalling circuit with two or more sub-stations located thereon, and
suitable controlling keys placed between the said generator and the said main line,
two of which are connected with the commutator, and the remaining two with the
generator independent of the said commutator, whereby, when one of the com-
mutator keys is operated, currents of a definite and constant direction are sent to
line, and when the other commutator key is operated constant currents of opposite
direction are sent to line, and whereby when the two independent keys are de-
pressed the commutator is cut out and currents of rapidly alternating direction are
sent to line.
:
It also comprises the combination in an electrical signalling circuit of a series of
electric bells adapted to respond to rapidly alternating currents, each of the said
bells being normally shunted from the main line circuit by short circuiting springs,
and a series of electro mechanical circuit changers or shunt breakers, one for each
bell, each consisting of an electro magnet with neutral and polarized armatures, the
former actuating a wheel shaft and cam to open the short circuit, sound the signal
bell, and introduce the same into the line circuit after a pre-determined number of
electric impulses of definite direction and the latter adapted, after a single impulse
of opposite direction, to swing into the path of the unison pin on the ratchet shaft,
and form a stop or zero, at which all the instruments may be brought to unison, and
with a magneto generator provided with a commutator key; a key connected be-
tween one side of the said commutator and the main line and adapted to send
constant currents of given direction to hold the polarized armature of the circuit
changers in position to lock the ratchet shaft, a second key connected between the
other side of the commutator and the line and adapted to send constant currents of
a positive direction, to unlock the said ratchet shafts and by successive impulses
differing in number for each bell to open the shunt circuits of the receiver and
introduce the said bells into the main circuit: and a third and double key
connected between the generator and the main line independent of the commutator

page_text: and adapted to send rapidly alternating currents to line, whereby the bells, when
brought into the main line circuit, may be rung.
It also comprises the combination of a main line; a series of sub-stations located
thereon signalling apparatus at one or more of the said sub-stations, consisting of
a bell in a local circuit normally open at two points, a circuit closer actuated by an
electro magnet included in the main line circuit to close the local circuit at one of
the said open points after a definite number of electrical pulsations-have been trans-
mitted over the main line; and a second circuit-closer adapted to close the second
open point and give the signal when a constant current is transmitted over the
main line immediately after the said definite number of intermediate pulsations: and
signalling apparatus of different character, at the remaining sub-stations, consisting of
a signalling bell adapted to ring only when rapidly alternating currents are trans-
mitted, a short circuit normally surrounding the said bell, a circuit breaker and actu-
ating devices therefor, adapted to be operated by an electro magnet included in the
main line circuit, and to open the short circuit and introduce the signalling bell in
the main line after the transmission of a definite number of electrical impulses.
It also comprises the combination.in an electric signalling circuit of a series of
polarized signalling bells, each normally short circuited from the main line: and
devices adapted to break the short circuit and introduce the said bells into the
main line after a pre-determined number of electrical pulsations, the said number
differing for each bell of the series: with a series of vibrating or trembling bells
each in a local circuit normally open at two points, devices adapted after a definite
number of electrical pulsations differing for each bell of the series to close the said
local circuit at one of the normally open points and other devices adapted when a
constant current is transmitted over the main line to close the local circuit at the
second of the normally open points whereby two series of individual signalling
apparatus may be operated on a single line and the number of sub-stations greatly
increased.
It also comprises the combination in an individual signalling instrument of an
electro-magnet in a main line circuit; an armature, armature lever and pawl
therefor; a ratchet wheel and shaft adapted to be engaged by the pawl, and impulses
transmitted through the electro magnet, a local circuit normally open at two points,
an electric bell included therein, a circuit closer consisting of a disc fixed on the
ratchet wheel shaft, and carrying a projecting cam and a contact spring, the said
cam being adapted to come into contact with the said spring after a definite number
of pulsations and close the local circuit at one of its normally open points a second
circuit closer, consisting of a terminal spring and a contact point on the armature
lever; and a contact spring bearing upon the ratchet wheel shaft and adapted to
form a part of the local circuit and also to bear frictionally upon the said shaft
and prevent any lost motion thereof.
It further comprises an automatic apparatus for transmitting individual electric
signals, consisting substantially as hereinbefore described, of impelling mechanism,
an arbor or shaft capable of rotation and impelled. thereby, a rotary circuit-changer
in the main circuit between the ground and line wires fixed upon the said shaft
but insulated therefrom and adapted to alternately direct straight or alternating
impulses to line, a rotary circuit breaker also fixed upon the same arbor and
electrically connected there with and included in circuit between the circuit changer
and the line wire, whereby the straight current from said circuit changer, when
being transmitted to line, is broken up into successive impulses, a rotary arm, also
carried upon the said arbor but insulated therefrom, and connected with a generator
of rapidly alternating impulses: and two series of arresting spindles, each of the
said spindles representing an individual signaling instrument, and each adapted to
arrest the motion of the travelling arm, the spindles of the first series being
adjusted to arrest the arm when the circuit closer and circuit changer are in position
to send a steady and constant current to line and the spindles of the second series
being provided with contact springs and adjusted to arrest the travelling arın,

page_text: and make electrical contact therewith when the circuit changer is in position to
transmit alternating currents to line.
It also comprises the combination of means for producing and automatically
transmitting successively electrical impulses of different direction: devices whereby
the number of such impulses may be automatically counted and determined, and
whereby after the desired number are transmitted, the said successive impulses
cease, and a steady current of similar direction substituted therefor and other
devices whereby after the desired number of successive impulses are transmitted,'
their transmission is arrested, and a series of rapidly alternating currents
substituted therefor, and transmitted to line.
:
It also comprises the combination of means for producing electrical currents of
definite direction; means for interrupting the said currents and automatically
transmitting the successive impulses so produced, devices whereby after a desired
number of the said impulses have been so transmitted, the transmission is caused
to cease, and an uninterrupted current substituted therefor, other automatic devices
adapted after the transmission of a desired number of successive impulses of a
given direction to stop the said transmission, and substitute therefor a series of
rapidly alternating currents and other means adapted for manual operation whereby
a single pulsation of direction constant but opposite to that of the successive
impulses may be transmitted to line, for the purpose specified.
It also comprises the combination of an automatic apparatus for transmitting
individual signals of an impelling mechanism, normally at rest, a normal short
circuit through the apparatus, a starting spindle for the impelling mechanism,
adapted by its first movement to break the said short circuit, a rotary circuit
closing wheel, normally short circuited but adapted to be introduced into the
circuit when the instrument is in operation, and to transmit to line successive
electrical impulses of definite direction, and a key normally maintaining through
its back contact the said direction but adapted when depressed to send an impulse
of opposite direction.
It also comprises the combination in an automatic apparatus for transmitting
individual signals, of a generator of electricity, adapted to produce currents of
constant or non alternating direction, a circuit breaking wheel for producing
interruptions of the said currents, and a key with back and front contacts whereby
when the said key rests on its back contact, the currents are directed from one
pole of the said generator to line, and when the said key is depressed the currents
are directed from the other pole of said generator to line.
It also comprises the combination of a generator adapted to evolve currents of a
constant direction, a rotary circuit breaking wheel therefor to produce intermissions
in the said currents and cause the transmission of successive impulses to line; an
electrical generator adapted to produce alternating currents, a rotary circuit
changer fixed upon an arbor with the said circuit breaking wheel, but insulated
therefrom and by suitable contact springs adapted to make contact successively
and intermittently with the several generators the spring being so adapted that
the contact with the constant current generator, is made contemporaneously with
the closing of the circuit thereof, at the circuit wheel: and the contact with the
alternating generator being made when the circuit of the constant current
generator is open at that point: a rotating arm permanently in circuit with the
alternating current generator, fixed upon and rotating with the arbor of the said
circuit breaker and changer but insulated therefrom, a series of stop spindles
capable of being placed in the path of the said arm, to arrest the mechanism after
a certain number of impulses-have been transmitted, the said number corresponding
to that of the spindle actuated, and to complete the circuit of the alternating
generator, whereby rapidly alternating impulses may be transmitted to line for the
purpose of ringing the polarized bell represented by the spindle effectuating the
mechanism after a definite number of impulses differing for each, have been sent to
line, at a time when the circuit of the straight current generator is completed to

page_text: •
line, whereby a steady current of definite direction may be transmitted to line for
the purpose of ringing the neutral bells.
It also comprises the combination in an automatic signalling transmitting
instrument of impelling mechanism an electrical generator adapted to evolve
constant currents, a second electrical generator adapted to emit alternating
currents, a circuit controlling wheel adapted to intermit the constant currents, a
circuit changing wheel, located in the main circuit and by means of suitable
contact springs adapted to close the circuit of the constant generator through the
circuit controlling wheel to line or to close 'the circuit of the alternating current
generator, a travelling circuit closing arm, and stops therefor, each stop being
adapted to arrest the said arm and the entire mechanism at a different period, the
stops of one series being adjusted to stop the said arm when the circuit of the
constant current generator is completed through the circuit changer to line, and
the stops of the other series being adjusted to stop the said arm and complete the
circuit of the alternating current generator to line, when the same circuit is also
closed through the circuit changer.
It also comprises the combination in an automatic apparatus for transmitting
individual signals, of a rotating arbor, a break wheel carried thereon, a second
break wheel also carried thereon but insulated therefrom, a travelling arm. also
carried by the said arbor and insulated therefrom: a series of push spindles, and a
second series of spindles, each spindle of both series being normally kept out of
the path of rotation of the travelling arm but adapted to be introduced in the said
path, for the purpose of arresting the progress of the said arm, circuit springs
adapted to make contact with the second brake wheel the circuit springs adapted
to make and break contact with the first break wheel, and a press key, all so
arranged and adapted that successive electrical impulses of given direction may be
sent to line to advance the ratchets of the several signal bells whereby when any
one of the spindles is caused to arrest the progress of the travelling arm, a constant
current of the same direction is sent to line; and when any of the spindles stops
the progress of the said arm, alternating currents are sent to line, and whereby
when the said press key is depressed a constant current of opposite direction to
that of the successive impulses is sent to line.
I may without departing from the nature of this invention use but one
generator, and four wires therefor, two of which connect through a commutator
for the transmission of straight or uniform direction currents while the remaining
two are unconnected with the commutator and are adapted to furnish alternating
currents.
I am aware that other automatic devices have been heretofore used for individual
electric signalling, but so far as I know they have been exclusively arranged and
adapted to send successive currents of a given polarity or direction while running
and a steady or continuous current of opposite direction when stopped at any bell.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said William Robert Lake in the Patent Office on the 17th January
1884.
WILLIAM ROBERT LAKE of the firm of Haseltine Lake & Co. Patent Agents
Southampton Buildings London "IMPROVEMENTS IN AND RELATING TO ELECTRICAL
"
A com-
SIGNALLING APPARATUS, CHIEFLY DESIGNED FOR TELEPHONIC PURPOSES
munication to me from abroad by James Hussey Cary of Boston, Massachusetts,
United States of America
This invention relates to signalling apparatus for use in electrical systems and
particularly to telephone systems where a number of sub-stations are located on one
line radiating from a central operating station.
One part of the said invention has for its object to provide a new and simple
system of calling any particular sub-station, without signalling any other sub-station
on the line and consists in the employment of magneto currents varying in direction
or polarity, whereby the different parts of mechanism at the substations are operated
to effect the desired results. I employ at the central station a magneto or dynamo
machine which may be operated with keys, so that the depression of one key sends
a current or pulsation of a given polarity to line to cause the dials or pointers of
all the instruments at the several sub-stations to rotate one number or step until the
number wanted is reached and then by continuously depressing another key or keys
an intermitted current or a current composed of reversals of polarity will be sent to
line and ring a bell; after which a current of opposite polarity to the first used is
sent to line by depressing a third key for the purpose of setting all of the instru-
ments at unison.
According to this part of the said invention I employ the signal mechanism
described in the Specification of former Letters Patent dated September 6th A.D.
1882 N° 4246 wherein a polarized armature is arranged to vibrate between the
poles of the electro magnet and adapted when in one position to arrest or prevent
the rotation of the circuit closing and breaking shaft constituting a unison device.
In this case a current of one polarity will be sent to line to bring all the instru-
ments at the several sub-stations to unison, the currents causing the polarized
armatures to move in the proper direction to arrest the. pins upon their shafts and
to bring them to unison and lock them. Currents or pulsations of opposite polarity
being now sent to line, the polarized armatures are attracted to the opposite pole
of the electro magnet permitting the several shafts to rotate according to the
number of pulsations sent to line. When the circuit breaker at the required station
has operated to break the line and 'open the circuit through the bell to ground,
currents of alternating or of rapidly reversed polarity are sent from the central
station to cause the bell to ring. I may employ any bell I choose at the sub-stations,
ordinarily I prefer crank magneto bells by which a sub-station can signal. the
central station. The generator at central station used for the purpose of signalling
may also be used in all the operations of the said station requiring electric energy.
Another part of the said invention has for its specific object to provide.simple
yet perfectly efficient devices whereby a large number of sub-stations may be
connected in a single line circuit all of the stations being perfectly controlled by a
central station; and whereby each of the said. sub-stations may be signalled to the
exclusion of the others, when communication therewith is.desired.
j
In the said. former. specification I have described, an individual. signalling

page_text: I
.}
'
apparatus in which at each sub-station, an electro.magnet, provided with a neutral
armature, is arranged to rotate a ratchet with a step by step movement by means
of successive electrical pulsations of definite direction, which pulsations are trans-
mitted over the line from the central station; cach of these ratchets is combined
with a circuit breaking device which at a definite point in the rotation of the
ratchet, differing for each station, is brought into action, and actuated to introduce
into the main line circuit, a call bell magnet, which, when so introduced, may be
rung by rapidly alternating currents transmitted from the central station. According
to this part of my present invention I combine with a series of sub-stations signalling
instruments of the character described in the said former specification a second
series of signalling instruments.in which the call bell electro magnet is included in
a local battery circuit normally open at two separate points and is thus adapted to
'become operative only when the local circuit is closed at the said two points
simultaneously; the signalling instruments of the second series are also operated
by ratchets and brought into their ringing position (which differs for each one of
the series) by means of a step by step movement.
The method of producing the signal in the bells of the second series differs
materially from that of producing a signal in those of the first, and therefore by
combining both series in one system I am enabled to connect a greatly increased
number of sub-stations in circuit on a single line without impairing the individuality
of any of them, for although two bells one of each series may be simultaneously
brought to the ringing point only one of them is rung because each will only respond
to its proper method of manipulation.
Another part of the said invention has for its object. to provide apparatus for
automatically actuating and operating the signals of telephone line circuits, in cases
where a number of sub-stations are connected together in one circuit and where the
signalling apparatus of the said sub-stations is of the class known as individual
signals wherein any one may be operated, and consequently any station signalled at
the will of the central office operator, to the exclusion of the others.
By means of the combination of apparatus described in the second part of this
specification I am enabled to operate a much greater number of signalling
instruments upon one circuit than would otherwise be possible.
In the operation of these signalling devices I use a manual transmitting.or
actuating apparatus consisting of suitable reversing keys combined with a magneto
generator, or with a voltaic battery and pole changer, and adapted to transmit at
will constant electrical currents of either direction, or constantly alternating currents
according to the key pressed.
It is however most desirable for the proper operation of such signals as I have
described that the several electrical impulses should be given with the utmost
steadiness and uniformity. This requires close and unremitting attention, and
extreme care, accompanied with considerable delicacy of manipulation on the part
of the operator. But by the use of apparatus constructed according to this part of
the said invention the manipulation of these signals is rendered a matter of
extremely simple and easy character, and the care and precision of the manual
operation is rendered unnecessary.
This third part of the invention therefore consists. in certain arrangements and
adaptations of apparatus and circuits, by which either intermittent or constant
currents of an uniform and given direction, constant currents of opposite direction,
or currents of rapidly alternating direction, may be transmitted to the line, and
passing over the samè operate the several bells thereof each in its own time and in
its own manner.
For this purpose I enclose in a suitable case propelling mechanism of the type
ordinarily used in district telegraphs which is operated by the running down of a
spring and wound up by the action of the operator immediately prior to setting
the mechanism in operation. That is to say the mechanism, normally at rest is
released from its detent and wound up. by one and the same instantaneous

page_text: movement; and by the act of running down expends its force, and once more comes
to rest at its unison point.
::
- Upon a rotating arbor actuated by this. mechanism are fixed two rotary break.
wheels, and a circuit closing traveller.. One of the break wheels being arranged.
with equally divided spaces of conducting and non-conducting material, serves
the purpose of intermitting a constant current from a suitable, source of electricity,
and so producing a constant succession of momentary impulses and cessations of
electricity which actuate the ratchets of the several signal bells with the step by
step motion required.
The other break wheel is provided with two contact springs, arranged so that
when one of them is in contact with a conducting space, the other is in contact
with a non-conducting space, and as one of these.springs leads froin a source of
electricity furnishing currents of constant direction, and the other from a source
furnishing constantly alternating currents;. this break wheel is adapted to determine
which class of current may be sent to line.
The circuit of one spring is adjusted to close only at the same time that the
circuit of the first break wheel closes on its conducting spaces, and thus, as long as
the apparatus is in motion, the straight current only can pass to line. The second
spring only makes contact with its wheel, when the circuit of the constant
generator is open at the first break wheel, hence the alternating impulses which it
governs can only pass to line, when some other way is provided for them. This is
effected by the travelling circuit closer hereinbefore referred to.
The instrument is provided with a number of spindles each one representing one
of the bells in the circuit. These are arranged in two circles. It will be
understood that while all the bells in the circuit are brought to their ringing
positions by successive impulses of electricity, one series when so brought into
position is adapted to be rung by rapid alternations of current, while a second
series is adapted to be rung by a protracted electrical impulse of even direction.
This
One of the circular series of spindles is adapted to ring one of these classes,
while the other series of spindles is assigned to the other class of bells.
arrangement however is arbitrary and merely adapted for convenience.
When the mechanism is set in motion by the winding of its spring, the
travelling circuit closer rotates. By altering the normal position of any of the
spindles, the traveller will be arrested by the spindle altered, and the bell
represented by that spindle will thus be placed in position to ring, and will moreover
be rung, and continue to ring, until the spindle is restored to its original position.
The spindles may normally be all pushed in, and adapted to arrest the travelling
arm when pulled out or they may normally be pulled out, and adapted to become
operative when pushed in: or again a portion of them may be normally pushed in,
and another portion pulled out: in either case being adapted to become operative
by a changed position. In this case I use the latter alternative. One series of
spindles is adapted to make electrical contact with the travelling arm and thus
complete the circuit of the alternating generator transferring the impulses thereof
to line, and ringing the bell corresponding to the spindle manipulated.
The other series of spindles merely makes mechanical contact with the said arm,
and its office is to arrest it in such a position that the springs of the first break wheel
are in contact with the conducting portions of the wheel, whereby the current of the
constant direction generator is directed to the line for as long a period as the arm is
arrested, ringing that bell of the second series which corresponds to the spindle
moved.
When in either case the signal has been given for a sufficiently long period it
may be stopped, and the bells instantly brought to unison, by the restoration of the
spindle in use to its normal condition.
To release all the bells simultaneously from their unison point, a key is provided
which when depressed, is adapted to send a single pulsation of electricity to line of
a direction which though constant, is opposite to that of the step by step currents
used to actuate the several bell ratchets. This actuates a polarized bar armature

page_text: attached to all of the bells as described in the said former specification and releases
the neutral armatures, whereby the ratchets may be moved.
In the accompanying drawings.
Figure represents the various circuits and keys required in a central station
and a metallic circuit connected to the said station having in it six sub-stations
Figures 2 and 3 are diagrams shewing the through and individual circuit.
Figure 4 is a diagram representing a portion of an electrical signalling circuit,
including the signalling apparatus of two substations, one of which is adapted to
work on the principle described in the said former specification and the other to
operate as hereinafter described.
Figure, 5 represents a part of the apparatus having certain differences in the
details of construction.
Figure 6 is a view showing a polarized bell.
Figure 7 is a front elevation of a signal transmitting instrumeat a part of the
front or dial being broken away.
Figure 8 is a view partly in section of the travelling arm and two of the
governing spindles.
Figure 9 is a front view showing the mechanism and the several circuits, the
front and sides of the casing being removed.
Figure 10 is a side elevation of the same looking from the right and
Figure 11 a side elevation looking from the left of Figure 9.
Figure 12 is a view of a detail showing the starting and detaining devices.
Figure 13 is a view of a detail of the propelling mechanism and escapement.
Figure 14 is a diagram representing the course of the several. circuits.
Figure 15 is a view showing the apparatus as arranged for a continuous through
circuit.
Referring to Figures 1 to 3 B indicates a magneto generator of the Siemens
armature type. Its armature A is arranged to be rotated by the pulley w upon
one end thereof
Upon its opposite end is the commutator h against the opposite sides of which
press the springs i and j Bearing against the ends of the armatures are
springs. g. 91
A¹ indicates aboard on the upper side of which are the binding posts 1, 2, 3
and 4 The post 1 is-connected by a wire to the commutator spring j and the
post 4 to the other spring i a and a¹ indicate keys connected to the posts 2 and 3
respectively. The anvil of the key a is connected to the post 1 and the anvil of
the key a¹ is connected also with the post I by the wire k¹
C indicates another board having at its upper end the binding posts 5, 6, 7;
and 8, t and u indicate keys connected together at their free ends by the block v
of insulating material. The said keys rest normally against their back contacts o p
Connections are made from the armature spring g by a wire f through a resistance R
to the post 5,, and by a wire k to the anvil and from the spring g¹ by a wire f¹
to the post 6, and by a wire n to the anvil s From the post 2 connection is made
by a wire b¹ to the post 7 and the wire to the back contact o and from the post 3
by a wire c¹ to the post 8 and by a wire m to the back contact p
7"
From the key t the line wire D runs to the sub-stations 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6, and
back again by wire E to key u. It is to be understood that when a metallic
circuit is not used, the line is grounded at the last sub-station and also from
key u.
In the normal condition of the apparatus as shown in the drawings no current
goes to line. To send a negative current to line the key a is pressed to make
contact with the anvil b. the circuit being from commutator spring through the
wires d', d the anvil b the key a the wires b¹ and the back contact o and the
key to line D. To send a positive pulsation the key a¹ is depressed, when the
circuit will be from-commutator spring i through the wires e¹ and e the back
contact the key a the wires b¹ and the back contact o and the key tito line 'D;
and back-by the wire E the key u the wires m and c¹ the key a¹ the anvil c the

page_text: wires and d and the commutator spring j. To send an alternating current
the keys t and u are simultaneously pressed to their anvils, the circuit in this case
being through the spring g, wire f resistance R, wire k¹, anvil r, key t, lines D,
and E, key anvil s wires and f¹ to spring g¹. When not using a metallic
circuit the circuit would be grounded at the key u. I do not confine the use of
this system to.the special form of mechanism described in the said former specifi-
cation as I may apply it to any device necessitating the operations specified The
office of the resistance is to weaken the pulsations going to line to such an extent
as not to disturb the armatures of the sub-stations instruments intervening
between the central station and the sub-station to be signalled. The rapid
reversal employed will also tend to keep the said armature from moving, as there
is not sufficient time between the said reversals for the said armatures to become
magnetized and demagnetized. In Figures 2 and 3 I have shown the connection
of the parts of the circuit controlling apparatus described in the said specification
to illustrate the operation of bringing the said apparatus to a unison point. When
a current of a given polarity, say positive, is sent to line to bring the instruments
to unison, the polarized armature P is attracted to the pole M¹ as shown in full lines,
causing the bent arm thereof to swing across the path of the stud R in shaft e.
When continuous pulsations are sent to line and cause the shafte to rotate by
means of step by step movement as described in the said specification the stud R-
strikes against the curved end of the armature P. This result takes place in all
of the apparatus at the several sub-stations causing them to come to unison.
When all the instruments are at unison, a current of opposite or negative polarity
is sent to line, which releases the armature P, and causes it to be attracted to
the opposite pole of the electro magnet M, and makes a free path for the stud R.
Now the requisite number of negative pulsations are sent to line to rotate the
shaft e to break the circuit at the desired sub-station.
In Figure 3 are shown the parts of the controlling apparatus necessary to
break the circuit at the sub-station. The shaft e being caused to rotate as
described, the circuit breaker o depresses the spring a from its electrical connection
with the spring m. thereby diverting the path of the electric current from line to
the wire 3, the spring ; which rests upon the shaft e, the spring the bell B (which
is caused to ring) and line or ground. To cause the bell B to ring, it is necessary:
to use short, quick pulsations of both polarities rapidly reversed, in order that the
parts brought to the desired positions by continuous currents of opposite polarity
may not be disturbed and thus defeat the desired result,
This is done while the parts of the sub-station to be signalled are in the
position shown in Figure 3 in the manner previously described.
.
Referring to Figures 4 to 6 I have deemed it sufficient to show but one apparatus*
of each class, it being perfectly obvious that the number of each class that can
be successfully operated on one circuit depends solely upon the number of teeth in
the ratchets. Moreover I have not herein shown or described any central station
transmitting or controlling apparatus, since I purpose to use the devices which I
have described above as the first part of this Invention which consists of suitable
reversing keys combined with a magneto generator and adapted to transmit at
will constant electrical currents of either direction or constantly alternating
currents according to the key pressed. In the drawings 1 indicates a substation
fitted with apparatus adapted to close a local circuit through the electro magnet of
a call-bell and give a signal after a definite number of pulsations, provided the
controlling current continues to flow in the main line circuit, and 2 indicates a
sub-station provided with apparatus adapted to introduce into the main circuit a
polarized bell arranged and constructed to ring when a succession of constantly
alternating currents are sent to line.
I will first describe the mechanism of the apparatus and then trace the
electrical circuits and connections thereof.
The apparatus.at station. 1 consists of a disc b2 having at one point of its
periphery.a stud or can. c 2, and mounted together with a ratchet wheel d 2 on-an
C

page_text: arbor a 2 which also carries on its front end a pointer p2 adapted to rotate there-
with, and by its position with reference to the face of a dial e² indicate the
condition of the line. The ratchet wheel d² is by a suitable non-conducting
bushing 2 insulated from the arbor a² and is adapted to be rotated by the
successive reciprocating motions of the pallet o 2 on the end of the bell crank
léver y 2 this being attached to the armature g.2 which is pivotted in the supports
or bearings n 2.
An electro magnet h 2 when energised by passing currents attracts the armature
which when unattracted is withdrawn from the said electro magnet by the
retractile spring m 2.. When the armature is attracted the pallet o2 of the
lever 2 slides backward over the teeth of the ratchet d2; and when the
attraction. ceases and the armature is retracted by the spring m 2 the pallet o 2
engages the ratchet teeth, forcing the ratchet, its arbor and the disc b2 one step
forward. These to and fro motions are repeated as often as the magnet is charged
and discharged. Immediately in the rear of the lever y 2, is a spring or other
contact plate 2 supported in any suitable manner while on a block of non-
conducting material 2, the other springs are supported; one of them is being
arranged to press upon the arbor a 2 as shown thus subserving the double purpose
of making an electrical connection therewith, and of serving as a friction or
retaining brake, whereby the arbor and ratchet are maintained in position during
the retraction of the pallet o 2 for a second stroke. The other spring j2 is at its
free end normally out of contact with any part of the apparatus, but is adapted to
come into contact with the stud or cam c2, when by the rotation of the arbor the
stud is brought within the range of the said free end of the spring.
A 2 indicates a signal bell, and B2 a local battery. The three springs t2 i2
and 2 together with the armature lever y 2 and the bell A 2 are all in the circuit
of the local battery when the same is completed; and the said circuit may be
traced as follows that is to say it passes from one pole of the battery B2 by
wire 8 to bearing n 2 and to lever y 2 and from the other pole of the battery to
the bell A 2 and by wire 9 to the spring j2. From the spring 2 which forms the
back contact with the lever y 2 a wire 10 is led to the spring i 2. The local circuit
it will be seen is normally incomplete, being open at the free end of the spring j2
and also at the free end of the spring t2 When by successive impulses the arbor
is rotated until the stud c 2 is brought into contact with the spring j 2, the bell
may be rung by causing the armature g 2 to be steadily attracted to its magnet,
and thus closing the local circuit at its second open point at the spring t2. Since
the position of the cam c2 upon the disc b2 differs for the several stations provided
with this class of apparatus, it is clear that no two bells of this class can be rung
at once.
To prevent a single stroke of any bell, which may occur, while the stud c 2 of
its apparatus is passing the spring j 2, this bell is so adjusted that it will not strike
under the brief impulse that may be given while the stud and, spring are in contact
when passing one another in a bell nearer the central station than the one which
it is desired to ring, but will require the cumulative action due to a longer closure
of the circuit, before its vibrations acquire sufficient amplitude to enable the
hammer to reach the bell. The apparatus of the second class as shown in
sub-station 2 in the drawing, is of the general construction described in the said
former Specification and consists in certain instrumentalities arranged in the.
following manner that is to say:-
As in the apparatus shown at substation 1 an arbor a 2 carries a disc b2 a
ratchet wheel d2 and a pointer p 2 the latter being adapted to move coincidently
with the motions of the arbor over the face of a dial e 2 and thus indicate by any
pre-arranged code the condition of the line circuit. In this apparatus a notch c¹¹
takes the place of the stud c 2 in the apparatus of station 1, and it is furthermore
not necessary to insulate the ratchet wheel d² from the arbor a 2.
An electro magnet 2 furnished with an armature g2 supported on pivots 'in
the bearings n² operates by means of a suitable lever and pallet the ratchet, and

page_text: rotates the arbor with the same step by step motion hereinbefore described, when
successive electrical impulses are transmitted over the line circuit.
Two contact springs i 2 and j 2 are mounted upon a block ke 2 of non-conducting
material, and are both normally in contact at their free ends with the mechanism,
the spring2 normally resting upon, and in contact with, the periphery of the
disc 62 and the spring i 2 resting at all times in frictional contact with the
arbor a 2. The main line circuit after passing through the electro magnet
helices 2 continues by wire 1 to the point 12, where it bifurcates, one path
leading by wire 2 spring i 2 arbor a 2 disc b2 and normally by spring j2 to the
point 14 and thence to line, while the other path may be traced from the point 12
through the polarized bell C2 and thence by wire 3 to the point 14 where the
two paths re-unite, and pass to the earth or to the next station. Inasmuch as the
path which includes the bell C is of much higher resistance than the other. the
said bell is practically short circuited as long as the spring j2 bears upon the
disc b 2;
but when in the rotation of the said disc the notch c¹ passes under the
end of the spring ; 2 the short circuit is broken and the only path for the line
current is through the bell. If at this point, the motion of the arbor and disc is
stayed, and a series of alternating currents sent, the neutral armature g 2 of the
controlling magnet will not respond thereto by reason of the retracting spring m 2,
but the polarazed bell C 2 will be rung.
Instead of the notch C a small piece of non-conducting material may be let
into the edge of the disc 62 in a manner well understood. In practice instead of
a rigid pallet o 2 on the end of the armature lever it will be found convenient to
use jointed or pivotted pawls suitably attached to the said lever.
Figure 5 shows another form of apparatus at station 1, wherein the impulse
given to the ratchet wheel d2 is produced by the attraction instead of the
retraction of the armature. An electro-magnet h 2 in the circuit of the main
line is provided with an armature g 2 supported in the pivots n 2 When the
armature is attracted by means of its lever y 2 and pawl extension f 2 the ratchet
wheel is caused to advance carrying with it the disc 62 and stud c 2 which together
with the ratchet are fastened to the 'arbor a 2. t 2 indicates a local circuit contact
point. As in N° 1 apparatus k 2 is an insulating block supporting two springs j 2
and 2. A 2 is a call bell and B 2 a local battery.
When the ratchet is by successive pulsations rotated until the stud c 2 will on
the next pulsation make contact with the spring j2 the next pulsation is continued
for some time, causing the lever y 2 to come in contact with the spring t2 at the
same time that the other spring ; 2 makes contact with the stud c 2, and maintaining
both contacts as long as the bell is desired to ring. In this case it is not necessary
to insulate the ratchet.
It will be understood that although I have shown but one bell of each of the
two classes described, the purpose of this invention is to connect a number of both
kinds on the same circuit, and they may be arranged in any preferred order; for
example six of the class as shown as placed in sub station 1 may be placed
consecutively, and be succeeded by six of those described as connected in station 2
or they may be arranged alternatively from one end of the circuit to the other.
But although one of the first series may have its ringing point identical with one
of the second, the two cannot ring at once, because one of the two rings only by
the application of constantly alternating currents while the other rings only by
the application of a steady constant and unbroken current in the main line.
Referring to Figures 7 to 15 the entire apparatus with the exception of the
starting button, the reversing key, and the controlling spindles is contained in an
enclosing case of which A 3 is the front and B 3 the back board. Upon the top
of the case is a strap key E 3 provided with a back contact and limit f3 and a
front or anvil contact g 3. There is also a starting spindle D4 provided with a
finger button D.3, and normally projecting outward as shown in Figure 7 by the
pressure of the spiral spring e 3 but capable of being pushed in as shown by the
dotted lines in the same Figure.

page_text: The heads of the governing spindles a 3 and 63 project from the front, and these
spindles are capable of being pushed inward or drawn outward as in Figure 8.
Norinally the spindles b3 of the inner circle are pulled out, while the spindles a 3
of the outer circle are pushed in When any of the spindles b3 are pushed in
they project inwardly as far as shown by the dotted lines and thus lie in the path
of the arm C3 Figure S. Conversely when any of the spindles a 3 are pulled
out, assuming the position shown in the dotted lines, the contact pin d3 attached
thereto is brought into the path of the arm C 3. A stop pin w 4 passes through
the inner end w3 of the spindles 63 and prevents them from being pulled out
too far. In like manner a stop d 4 passes through the spindle a 3 and serves the
same purpose.
On the internal surface of the board A 3 is a series of metal spring plates. c 8
which are fastened to it and which with their free ends press against the surface
of the shank c3 of the outer circle of spindles a 3 as indicated in Figure 7 where a
portion of the board is broken away to show the connections. All of the said
plates are united with one another and with the other parts of the apparatus by
wires 25 and 21. The wire 21 by suitable friction springs connects with the main
line binding screw and the wire 25 is normally open, except when the arm C3 in
travelling comes in contact with any of the contact pins d3 upon the spindles a 3.
In Figure 7 the full circles represent the heads of the spindles a 3 and 63 marked
successively 1, 2, 3, 4 5, 6, 7.
The small squares in dotted lines represent the holes in which the spindles slide,
and the springs c8 connected with the wire 25 are also shown in dotted lines in
the outside circle. The moving mechanism of the apparatus is illustrated by Figures
9, 10, 11, 12 and 13. It is affixed to the back board B3 and consists of two break
wheels both carried together with a revolving arm on a single arbor. This is
driven by an ordinary propelling mechanism of a character similar to that in
ordinary use in district signalling instruments, and well known to those skilled in
electric signalling. This propelling mechanism is placed in the box G3 and is
composed of a spur wheel L3 Figure 13 placed upon the upper arbor n 3 and
gearing into a pinion on the lower arbor 3, which, also within the box G 3, carries
an escapement wheel M 3. By the pallets Q3 and weight N3 the speed may
regulated.
.be
Both of the arbors n 3, and 3, project outward from the box G 3 and carry
other operating devices. The spur wheel L3 is normally inoperative, its motive
power being a spring 3 which is not in tension, except during the period of actual
operation, but when the spindle D³ on the top of the box is depressed, its inner
end D 4 pressed upon the lever Fs pushing downward 'and as it is firmly. fixed to
the upper arbor 3 it gives that arbor a rotary movement, causing the spring 13
which at one end is fastened to the fixed point 14 to be wound, up; and at the
same time causing the curved detaining bar m 3 which also is fixed to the arbor n 3,
to move round releasing the pin t3 which is attached to the large break wheel H 3
on the arbor k 3.
The propelling power is thus prepared by the winding of the spring, and may be
brought into action by simply removing the pressure from the spindle D3 and
allowing it to rise.
The propelling spring will then unwind, and in doing so, will rotate the spur
wheel L3 in the direction indicated by the upper arrow Figure 13 and the pinion
with the lower arbor will consequently participate in. the motion, but in the
opposite direction and this motion if unopposed will continue until the arbor / 3
has made a complete revolution, because the pin t3 has made too great an advance
for the anchor like detaining lever, to engage with it, until it once more comes
round to its normal place, Figure 12 shows the position assumed by the parts when
the spindle D3 is depressed, D 4 being the shank thereof, F3 the lever which it
presses, m 3 the curved detaining lever, and t3 the pin which it normally engages.
Upon the lower arbor k³, or upon that part of it, which is in front of the box G 3
are fixed a break wheel H³ a second and smaller break wheel 13 which however is

page_text: insulated by a non-conducting bushing 23³ from the arbor, and the travelling arm 0¹³
which is made sufficiently long to reach the spindles a³ of the outermost circles and
which is also insulated from the arbor by the bushing y³. The office. of the former
break wheel is to alternately break and close the main circuit during the trans-
mission of straight currents to line, for the purpose of intermitting those currents,
and I therefore designate this wheel as a rotary circuit breaker. The office of the
other break wheel I³ is to change the circuit from the straight current generator
and it may consequently be properly termed a circuit changer. I will now describe
the arrangement of the several contact springs. A non-conducting block p* carries
a flat contact spring p³, and this with a second contact spring v3 which is supported
by a lower non-conducting block J³ is adapted to make contact with the con-
ducting projections of the circuit breaking wheel H³ and they are so adjusted with
reference to one another, as to make contact simultaneously; that is the spring p³
makes contact with one projection at the same instant that the spring ³ makes
contact with another projection of the same wheel; so that the two springs are
thus virtually connected with one another through the substance of the said
wheel H³. The non-conducting block J3 supports also five other contact springs
these are first, the spring o³ which is adjusted to press outward, and with its free
end against a contact point or surface m upon the curved lever m³ This contact
when the apparatus is at rest forms the through circuit from line post to ground;
and is broken by the first movement of the curved lever, when the actuating
spindle D³ is depressed Second; the springs q3 and 23 which, though attached to
different sides of the block J³ are both arranged to make contact with the smaller
break wheel or circuit changer and are adjusted to do so at different times, ³ being
adjusted to be in contact with the projections of the wheel 13 at the same time
that the springs p³ and v³ are in contact with the other wheel H³; while on the
contrary q3 is adjusted to make contact with the projections of the wheel 13 ouly
when the circuit of the wheel H³ is open. Third: the spring s3 which bears upon
the boss of the insulated travelling arm C³: Fourth: the spring u³ which bears
upon the hub or boss of the break wheel I³.
Six binding screw terminals are provided as shown in Figure 9 and in the
diagram Figure 14.
Leading from these screws externally are the following wires partly indicated
in Figure 9 and fully in Figure 14 from N° 1 a ground wire 22 from N° 6 a line
wire 23, which in practice is no actual individual line, but a normally incomplete
wire adapted for connection by a suitable switch with any required line. From
Nos 2 and 3 the wires 17 and 18 leading to the positive and negative poles of an
electrical generator adaped to furnish constant currents of the direction required.
From Nos 4 and 5 wires 19 and 20 lead to an electrical generator adapted to evolve
rapidly alternating currents; such as a magneto machine unprovided with a
commutator.
Ys indicates a base board, upon which the respective generators are placed T³
being the straight current generator which may be of any suitable character; for
example a magneto machine provided with a straightening commutator, or a voltaic
battery; and V³ being the alternating current generator.
Internally the several wires connect the binding screws with the contact springs,
and circuit breakers, closers and changers, in the following manner. From ground
post No 1 for a purpose which will hereinafter appear, a wire 9 leads to a contact
spring g³ under the strap key E³, and there remains normally incomplete. From
the same post a second wire 26 leads to the spring u³ thus connecting the circuit
changing wheel Is permanently with the ground. From the binding screw 2 which
is connected with the positive pole of the straight current generator, two wires
lead inwardly viz: the wire 7 leading to the anvil h³ of the strap key and the
wire 10 which leads to the contact spring p of the break wheel H³ thus bringing
the positive pole of the said generator to the intermittent circuit breaker. From
the binding screw 3 representing the negative pole of the same generator, two
wires also lead inwardly; the wire 8 leading to the back contact f³ of the key E³
$

page_text: and the wire 11 leading to the spring o" which is in normal contact with the curved
lever m³.
One wire 12 leads inward from the terminal 4 which represents one of the
alternating generator poles, and the said wire 12 connects with the spring q³ of the
circuit changer I³. From the complementary terminal N° 5 of the same generator
also, but one wire extends inwardly, namely the wire 14, which unites the said
terminal with the spring 83 and hence with the travelling arm C³ From the
binding screw 6 which represents the line wire, three wires run inwardly; these
severally correspond with the several conditions of the apparatus. When at rest,
the line circuit through the instrument takes the wire 16 to the fixed contact i 3,
against which the lever F³ presses when inert. This contact like the one
inimediately below between m¹ and o³ is broken, when the actuating spindle is
depressed, A wire 15 connects the spring with the key E³. While the instru-
ment is moving and intermittent currents of constant direction are passing to line
or when the travelling arm is arrested by the spindles 63 of the inner circle, the
line wire, enters the instrument by wire 13, which leads to spring of the break
wheel H. When the travelling arm is arrested by the spindles of the outer circle,
the line wire takes the route by wire 21 to the several spindles a³. The pin d³
against which in the diagram the arm C³ is resting, is in practice identical with
the pin d³ of any of the spindles a³, and is shown as in Figure 14 merely to
explain the connections.
I will now trace the several circuits, and explain the operation thereof.
Let it be supposed that it is desired to produce a signal in a bell of the second
class, in which after the said bell is brought into ringing position, the signal is
given by a protracted impulse of electricity, which closes a local circuit, in which
the bell magnet is included. The spindle of the inner circle representing the bell
which is to be rung; for example N° 6, is pushed in, and the spindle D³ on the top
of the apparatus is depressed. The action as herein before described, and as shown in
Figure 12 is to press the lever F3 down, simultaneouly releasing the pin t³ from
the detaining lever m³, and breaking the two contacts between 2 and F3 and
between mand 03. The spindle D³ is at once released, flies back under the
influence of the spiral spring e³ and the propelling mechanism' wound up by the
depression of the spindle, runs down, rotating the circuit breaking and changing
wheels H and 13, and the arm C³, until in due course the said arm strikes against
the pushed in spindle N° 6.
While the motion is going on, the action is as follows. The two springs p³
and v alternately make and break contact with the wheel H³,-and during a
portion of each make, the spring is also in contact with one of the narrower
projections of the wheel 13, the spring q³ always coming into contact with the said
projections when the former springs 2 and 3 are not in contact with the
wheel H³. Each time that the circuit closes the current takes the following route
that is to say through the ground wire 22, screw 1, wire 20, spring u³, wheel I³,
spring, wire 15, key E³, back contact f³, wire 8, binding screw 3, wire 18,
generator T3 and wire 17 sending positive current to line, the binding screw 2,
wire 10, spring 223, wheel H³, spring v³, wire 13, binding screw 6 and line as before
by wire 23. Each time that the closing of the two springs p³ and v³ is coincident
with that of the spring ³, a positive current goes to line, to be intermitted by the
succeeding break. By this means the ratchets of all the bells 'in the circuit are
advanced step by step, one step for each electric pulsation, until the desired
ringing point. is reached. This occurs when the arm C³ reaches the pushed in
spindle and all of the spindles 63 of the inner circle, are so placed that, when the
arm is stopped by any of them, the circuit of the generator is completed because
the mechanism is arrested leaving the springs 2 and 3 and likewise the spring 3
in contact with the projections of the two break wheels. A steady current is thus
transmitted to line attracting all the bell armatures and therefore causing the bell
that is brought to its ringing point, to give the signal, which continues so long as
the spindle remains pushed in. When it has been given for a suitable time, the

page_text: spindle may be withdrawn; the arm then passes round to its unison point, where
it is detained by the engagement of the pin t, with the curved lever m3 and the
signal is discontinued...
To ring any one of the bells of the first class, in which a normal shunt circuit.
round a polarized bell is first to be broken, and the polarized bell afterwards rung
by rapid alternation, the process is similar. The spindle a³ of the outer circle:
representing the desired bell 7 of the series a³ for example, is pulled out, and the,
mechanism set in motion as before. The intermittent pulsations of the generator T³.
go to line as before, bringing the bell into position by breaking the shunt circuit, at
the required point; this also as before, occurring when the arm 03 is arrested by
the pulled out spindle 7 of the series a³; the arm making contact with the pin d³
of the said spindle. This takes place at a moment when the springs p³ and v³ and.
also the spring are all out of contact with the projections of the wheels H³ and I³
but when the spring q³ is in contact with the wheel I³.
. The alternating currents of the generator Vs now pass to line through the
ground connection G³, wire 22, binding screw 1, wire, 26, spring u³ wheel 13,
spring q³, wire 12, binding screw 4, wire 19, generator V³, wire 20 binding screw 5,
wire. 14, spring s³, arm C³, spindle pin d³, wires 24 and 25 wire 21, binding screw 6,
and wire 23. The alternating currents of the generator continue to pass to line
and to give the signal on the distant bell, as long as the spindle 7 of the series a³
remains withdrawn; and are discontinued by pushing in the said spindle, when
the arm runs round to its detent and the bells to unison. At the unison point, all
the bells show a dial, which indicates that the line is in use. When the commu-
nication is finished, the bells are released from unison, and made ready for another
operation, and at the same time the "line in use signal is withdrawn, by a single
and brief depression of the key E³. This reverses the current of the generator T³,
sending a single pulsation of negative sign to line through the ground G³, wire 22,
screw post 1 wire 9, spring g³ key E³, anvil ³, wire 7, screw post 2, wire 17,
generator Twire 18 screw post 3, wire. 11, spring o³, contact lever m³, spring ³,
wire 16, screw post 6 and wire 23. The single current thereby transmitted
reverses the polarity of the bell magnets, and these acting upon a polarized
armature and lever, operate to withdraw the "line in use" signal.
"
Although I have in the diagram shown each circuit or branch circuit as being
separately connected with the several terminal screws it is obvious that I may run
but one main wire from each screw, and branch the same as required.
I may without departing from the nature of this invention use but one
generator, and four wires therefor, two of which connect through a commutator
for the transmission of straight or uniform direction currents, while the remaining
two are unconnected with the commutator and are adapted to furnish alternating
currents.
I am aware that other automatic devices have been heretofore used for individual
electric signalling, but so far as I know, they have been exclusively arranged and
adapted to send successive currents of a given polarity or direction while
running, and a steady or continuous current of opposite direction when stopped
at any bell.
This apparatus is adapted however in addition to the transmission of successive
impulses of definite polarity bringing the several bells of two classes successively
to their ringing position, to send to line after that position is attained, either a
steady current of the same direction as that used to advance the bells; or a rapid
series of alternating currents adapted for ringing of polarized bells, the character
of the ringing current being determined by the arresting spindle used. By this
arrangement twice the number of bells may be utilized on one circuit.
Although I have described a propelling apparatus consisting of a spring motor
adapted to be wound up by the act of setting the machine in motion such as used
in district telegraph boxes, I may employ any mechanical equivalent therefor;
such as a direct acting weight or a clock train impelled either by weight or
spring.

page_text: As it is evident that the instrument which constitutes the subject of this part of
the said invention is to be used only while signalling is actually going on I have.
not herein shown or described so far an arrangement adapted to constitute a
tlirough short circuit.
$
It is also evident that such a short circuit is in the nature of the foregoing
arrangement already constituted with the exception of a hiatus between the small
circuit changing wheel I³ and the spring. 3 which normally is not in contact
therewith. If for any reason it becomes desirable to provide a short through
circuit cutting out the mechanism, this may be readily done by modifying the
construction as shown in Figure 15: In that arrangement the spring.
fixed
upon a non-conducting block w³ above instead of on one side of. the wheel I³, and
is normally pressed against the periphery of the said wheel between its conducting
projections, by means of the heel X3 of the lever F3 which heel is made of
non-conducting material for that purpose.
Having thus fully described the said Invention as communicated to me by my
foreign correspondent and the manner of performing the same I wish it understood
that I claim.
First The combinationi substantially as hereinbefore described, in a system of
individual electrical signalling apparatus, of a main line circuit, two or more
signalling instruments adapted to respond to electrical pulsations of rapidly.
alternating direction included therein, a shunt or branch circuit round each of the
said signalling instruments, and an electro mechanical circuit changer in the main
circuit adapted to break the said shunt and introduce the signal bell into the main
circuit after the transmission of a definite number of electrical impulses, with
transmitting devices at a central station consisting of a magneto or dynamo
electric generator, suitable connections from the commutator -thereof to keys,
whereby currents of constant direction reversible at will may be transmitted to
line, and other connections from the generator independent of the commutator, to
other keys, whereby rapidly alternating currents may be transmitted to line, for
the purpose specified.
Second-The combination in a system of electrical signalling apparatus, of a
magneto electric or dynamo electric generator provided with a coinmutator, a
main line signalling circuit with two or more sub-stations located thereon and
suitably controlling.keys placed between the said generator and the said main line
two of which keys are connected with the commutator and the remaining two
with the generator independent of the said commutator; whereby, when one of
the commutator keys is operated, currents of a definite and constant direction are
sent to line, and when the other commutator key is operated constant currents of
opposite direction are sent to line, and whereby when the two independent keys
are depressed the commutator is cut out and currents of rapidly alternating
direction are sent to line, substantially as described.
Third The combination in an electrical signalling circuit, substantially as
herein before described, of a series of electric bells adapted to respond to rapidly
alternating currents, each of the said bells being normally shunted from the main
line circuit by short circuiting springs, and a series of electro mechanical circuit
changers or shunt breakers, one for each' bell, each circuit changer consisting of an
electro magnet with neutral and polarized armatures, the former actuating a
wheel shaft and cam to open the short circuit, sound the signal bell, and introduce
the same into the line circuit after a predetermined number of electric impulses of
definite direction; and the latter adapted after a single impulse of opposite
direction, to swing into the path of the unison pin on the ratchet shaft-aud form a
stop or zero at which all the instruments inay be brought to unison; a magneto
generator provided with a commutator key; a key connected. between one side of
the said commutator and the main line and adapted to send constant currents of
. given direction to hold the polarized armature of the circuit changers in position
to lock the ratchet shaft, a second key connected between the other side of the
commutator and the line and adapted to send constant currents of a positive

page_text: direction, to unlock the said ratchet shafts, and by successive impulses differing in
number for each bell, to open the shunt circuits of the receiver and introduce the
said bells into the main circuit, and a third and double key connected between the
generator and the main line independent of the commutator and adapted to send
rapidly.alternating currents to line, whereby the bells when brought into the main
line circuit may be rung.
Fourth-The combination of a main line, a series of sub-stations located
thereon, signalling apparatus at one or more of the said sub-stations, consisting of
a bell in a local circuit normally open at two points, a circuit closer actuated by an
electro magnet included in the main line circuit to close the local circuit at one of
the said open points after a definite number of electrical pulsations have been
transmitted over the main line, and a second circuit closer adapted to close the
second open point and give the signal when a constant current is transmitted over
the main line immediately after the said definite number of intermediate pulsa-
tions, and signalling apparatus of different characters at the remaining sub-stations,
consisting of a signalling bell adapted to ring only when rapidly alternating
currents are transmitted, a short circuit normally surrounding the said bell, a circuit
breaker, and actuating devices therefor adapted to be operated by an electro
magnet included in the main line circuit, and to open the short circuit, and
introduce the signalling bell in the main line after the transmission of a definite
number of electrical impulses, substantially as, and for the purposes, described.
Fifth-The combination, substantially as herein before described, in an electric
signalling circuit, of a series of polarized signalling bells, each normally short
circuited from the main line and devices as indicated adapted to break the short
circuit and introduce the said bells into the main line after a predetermined
number of electrical pulsations, the said number differing for each bell of the series,
with a series of vibrating or trembling bells each in a local circuit normally open
at two points, devices adapted after a definite number of electrical pulsations,
differing for each bell of the series, to close the said local circuit at one of the
normally open points, and other devices adapted when a constant current is trans-
mitted over the main line to close the local circuit at the second of the normally
open points, whereby two series of individual signalling apparatus may be operated
on a single line, and the number of sub-stations greatly increased.
Sixth-The combination in an individual signalling instrument of an electro
magnet in a main line circuit, an armature, armature lever and pawl therefor, a
ratchet wheel and shaft adapted to be engaged by the pawl and impulses trans-
mitted through the electro magnet, a local circuit normally open at two points, an
electric bell included therein, a circuit closer consisting of a disc fixed on the
ratchet wheel shaft, and carrying a projecting cam and a contact spring, the said
cam being adapted to come into contact with the said spring after a definite
number of pulsations and close the local circuit, at one of its normally open points
a second circuit closer, consisting of a terminal spring and a contact point on the
armature lever; and a contact spring bearing upon the ratchet wheel shaft and
adapted to form a part of the local circuit and also to bear frictionally upon the
said shaft and prevent any lost motion thereof, all substantially as, and for the
purposes, described.
Seventh-An automatic apparatus for transmitting individual electric signals,
consisting substantially as herein before described of impelling mechanism, an arbor
or shaft capable of rotation and impelled thereby, a rotary circuit changer in the
inain circuit between the ground and line wires, fixed upon the said shaft, but
insulated therefrom and adapted to alternately. direct straight or alternating
impulses to line, a rotary circuit breaker also fixed upon the same arbor and
electrically connected therewith and included in circuit between the circuit changer
and the line wire, whereby the straight current from said circuit changer, when
being transmitted to line, is broken up into successive impulses,' a rotary arm, also
carried upon the said arbor but insulated therefrom, and connected with a generator
of rapidly alternating impulses, and two series of arresting spindles, each of the

page_text: said spindles representing an individual signalling instrument and each adapted to
arrest the motion of the travelling arm, the spindles of the first series being
adjusted to arrest the arm when the circuit closer and circuit changer are in
position to send a steady and constant current to line, and the spindles of the
second series being provided with contact springs and adjusted to arrest the
travelling arm and make electrical contact therewith, when the circuit changer is
in position to transmit alternating currents to line, for the purposes specified.
:-
Eighth The combination, substantially as herein before described, of means as
indicated, for producing and automatically transmitting successively electrical
impulses of definite direction, devices whereby the number of such impulses may
be automatically counted and determined, and whereby after the desired number
are transmitted, the said successive impulses cease, 'and a steady current of similar
direction is substituted therefor, and other devices whereby after the desired
number of successive impulses are transmitted, their transmission is arrested, and
a series of rapidly alternating currents substituted therefor and transmitted to line,
for the purposes described.
Ninth The combination, substantially as described, of means, as indicated, for
producing electrical currents of definite directions, means for interrupting the said
currents and automatically transmitting the successive impulses so produced, devices
whereby after a desired number of the said impulses have been so transmitted,
the transmission is caused to cease and an uninterrupted current substituted
therefor, other automatic devices adapted after the transmission of a desired number
of successive impulses of a given direction, to stop the said transmission, and
substitute therefor a series of rapidly alternating currents, and other means adapted
for manual operation, whereby a single pulsation of direction constant but opposite to
that of the successive impulses may be transmitted to line, for the purposes specified.
Tenth The combination in an automatic apparatus for transmitting individual
signals, of impelling mechanism, normally at rest, a normal short circuit through
the apparatus, a starting spindle for the impelling mechanism adapted by its first
movement to break the said short circuit, a rotary circuit closing wheel normally
short circuited, but adapted to be introduced into the circuit when the instrument
is in operation and to transmit to line successive electrical impulses of definite
direction, and a key normally maintaining through its back contact the said
direction, but adapted, when depressed, to send an impulse of opposite. direction,
for the purposes described.
Eleventh-The combination in an automatic apparatus for transmitting
individual siguals of a generator of electricity adapted to produce currents of a
constant or non-alternating direction, a circuit breaking wheel for producing
interruptions of, the said currents, and a key with back and front contacts,
whereby, when the said key rests on its back contact, the currents are directed
from one pole of the said generator to line, and when the said key is depressed
the currents are directed from the other pole of said generator to line, substantially
as described.
Twelfth-The combination substantially as lierein before described of a generator
adapted to evolve currents of constant direction, a rotary circuit breaking wheel
therefor to produce intermissions in the said currents and cause the transmission of
successive impulses to line, an electrical generator adapted to produce alternating
currents, a rotary circuit changer fixed upon an arbor with the said circuit breaking
wheel but insulated therefrom and by suitable contact springs adapted to make
contact successively and intermittently with the several generators, the spring
being so adapted that the contact with the constant current generator is inade
contemporaneously with the closing of the circuit thereof at the circuit wheel the
contact with the alternating generator being made when the circuit of the constant
current generator is open at that point, a rotating arm permanently in circuit with
the alternating current generator fixed upon and rotating with the arbor of the
said circuit breaker and changer but insulated therefrom, a series of stop spindles
capable of being placed in the path of the said arm, to arrest the mechanism after

page_text: a certain number of impulses have been transmitted (the said number corresponding
to that of the spindle actuated) and to complete the circuit of the alternating
generator, whereby rapidly alternating impulses may be transmitted to line for the
purpose of ringing the polarized bell, represented by the spindle effecting the
mechanism, after a definite number of impulses differing for each, have been sent
to line at a time when the circuit of the straight current generator is completed to
line, whereby a steady current of definite direction may be transmitted to line
for the purpose of ringing the neutral bells, as, and for the purposes, specified.
Thirteenth-The combination in an automatic signalling transmitting instru-
ment, of impelling mechanism, an electrical generator adapted to evolve constant
currents, a second electrical generator adapted to emit alternating currents, a circuit
controlling wheel adapted to intermit the constant currents, a circuit changing
wheel located in the main circuit, and by means of suitable contact springs adapted
to close the circuit of the constant generator through the circuit controlling wheel
to line or to close the circuit of the alternating current generator, a travelling
circuit closing arm and stops therefor, each stop being adapted to arrest the said
arm and the entire mechanism at a different period the stops of one series being
adjusted to stop the said arm when the circuit of the constant current generator is
completed through the circuit changer to line, and the stops of the other series
being adjusted to stop the said arm and complete the circuit of the alternating
current generator to line, when the same circuit is also closed through the circuit
changer, for the purpose specified.
Fourteenth-The combination in an automatic apparatus for transmitting
individual signals, of a rotating arbor, the break wheel H³ carried thereon, the
second break wheel 13 also carried thereon but insulated therefrom, the travelling
arın C3 also carried by the said arbor and insulated therefrom, the series of push
spindles a³ and the second series of spindles 63, each spindle of both series being
normally kept out of the path of rotation of the travelling arm but adapted
to be introduced in the said path for the purpose of arresting the progress of
the said arm; the several circuit springs q³ ³ and u³ adapted to make contact.
with the wheel 13 the circuit springs p³ and v³ adapted to make and break contact.
with the wheel H³ and the press key E³, all arranged and adapted as hereinbefore
specified, whereby successive electrical impulses of given direction may be sent to
line to advance the ratchets of the several signal bells so that when any one of the
spindles is caused to arrest the progress of the travelling arm, a constant current of
the same direction is sent to line, and when any of the spindles a³ stops the progress
of the said arm, alternating currents are sent to line, and whereby when the said
key E³ is depressed a constant current of opposite direction to that of the successive
impulses is sent to line, substantially as described.
In witness whereof I the said William Robert Lake have hereunto set my
hand and seal this seventeenth day of January in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and eighty tour.
W ROD
Y
RODT LAKE
(L.S.)