IMPROVEMENTS IN WATERPROOFING PAPER AND OTHER * LIGNEOUS TISSUES
Year: 1877

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Daniel Felton, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster,
for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN WATERPROOFING PAPER AND OTHER
* LIGNEOUS TISSUES."
Sealed the 13th March 1877, and dated the 4th January 1877.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Daniel Felton at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 4th January 1877.
DANIEL FELTON, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster.
IN WATERPROOFING PAPER AND OTHER LIGNEOUS TISSUES."
"IMPROVEMENTS
My Invention consists in the waterproofing of paper or other ligneous tissues by
means of the following processes:-
Firstly. By treatment with chloride, sulphate, or other soluble salt or salts of zinc
or cadmium, in conjunction with ammonia, applied in the form of a solution
composed of about three parts of chrystalized sulphate of zinc, or three parts of a
solution of chloride of zinc at 960 degrees (Twaddle), and at about two parts of
solution of ammonia of specific gravity 875.
.
Secondly. By treatment with glue, gelatine, or other similar substances, in con-
junction with bichromate or chromate of potash, soda, or ammonia, applied in the
form of a solution of about one part of glue or gelatine in about eight parts of hot
water at 160 degrees (Fahrenheit), and a solution of about one part of bichromate of
potash in about fifteen parts of water, or a solution of the before mentioned
bichromates or chromates in the same proportions.
Thirdly. By treatment with acetate, sulphate, or chloride of alumina, applied in
the form of a solution of about one part of any of these compounds in about six
parts of water at 160 degrees (Fahrenheit).
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Daniel Felton in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 4th July 1877.
DANIEL FELTON, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster. "IMPROVEMENTS
IN WATERPROOFING PAPER AND OTHER LIGNEOUS TISSUES."
[Price 2dl

page_text: My Invention consists in the waterproofing of paper or other ligneous tissues by
means of the following process:-
Firstly. By treatment with chloride, sulphate, or other soluble salt or salts of zinc
or cadmium, in conjunction with ammonia, applied in a form of a solution composed
of about three parts of crystallized sulphate of sinc, or three parts of a solution of
chloride of zinc at 96 degrees (Twaddle), and about two parts of solution of ammonia
of specific gravity 875. The paper or cloth which it is proposed to treat is passed
through a cistern lined with lead, and specially constructed for this purpose with
an arrangement of rollers, so as to allow the material to pass through at a speed
varying from 30 to 36 yards per minute, according to the thickness or thinness of
the substance at the time under treatment. In its passage through the liquor with
which the cistern or bath is charged, the material becomes perfectly saturated and
impregnated. From the bath the saturated material passes through a pair of
squeezing rollers, so as to remove the superfluous liquor, and harden by compression
the substance submitted to treatment. From the rollers the material is next passed
to a suspending apparatus, then hung along the room in folds in a temperature of
110 degrees (Fahrenheit) until it is sufficiently dry to be taken down. The rollers
in the cistern, the squeezing rollers, and the suspending apparatus are so speeded
that the material is taken from one to the other without any inconvenience or
stoppage.
Secondly. By treatment with glue, gelatine, or other similar substances in con-
junction with bichromate or chromate of potash, soda, or alumina, applied in the
form of a solution of about one part of glue or gelatine in about eight parts of hot
water at 160 degrees (Fahrenheit), and a solution of about one part of bichromato
of of potash in about fifteen parts of water, or a solution of the before-mentioned
bichromates or chromates in the same proportions. The mode of treatment in this
case differs from the former only in two points.
1st. During the time the material is traversing through the bath, as already
described, the solution is maintained at 160 degrees (Fahrenheit) by means of
syphon pipes charged with steam.
2nd. Instead of suspending to dry, the material is immediately passed over three
steam cylinders 7 feet in diameter, carrying a pressure of 15 to 20 lbs. to the
square inch. The cylinders are provided with gauges to indicate the pressure they
are required to carry, and also with safety valves to prevent this pressure from
being exceeded.
Note. Although the bath is always in a state of darkness, yet it is specially
necesssary in this case, for without this the process of waterproofing the material by
means of chromates or bichromates could by no possibility be accomplished.
Thirdly. By treatment with acetate, sulphate, or chloride of alumina, applied in
the form of a solution of about one part of any of these compounds in about six
parts of water at 160 degrees (Fahrenheit). The samo conditions are required to
produce a waterproof material with these compounds as those I have submitted in
the foregoing description with this difference, that it is not absolutely necessary to
preserve darkness during the process.
Each of the foregoing processes I claim as my Invention for the production of
waterproof paper, cotton, or linen cloths, or other ligneous tissues. Paper and cloth
may be taken together through the treatment, which by its adhesive nature binds
the two together, thus giving a durable, pliable, and impermeable material suitable
for any purpose where immunity from damp and moisture is required.
In witness whereof, I, the said Daniel Felton, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this Third day of July, in the year of our Lord One thousand
eight hundred and seventy-seven.