A NEW AND IMPROVED METHOD FOR THE TREATMENT OF SUBSTANCES CONTAINING MIXED ANIMAL AND VEGETABLE MATTER SO AS TO SEPARATE THE SAME AND TO PRODUCE THEREFROM AN UNINJURED VEGETABLE FIBRE AVAILABLE FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF PAPER OR FOR OTHER PURPOSES IN WHICH VEGETABLE FIBRE IS USED AND ALSO A HIGHLY NITROGENIZED DRY POWDER EITHER SOLUBLE OR INSOLUBLE IN WATER AS MAY BE DESIRED AND AVAILABLE FOR MANURE OR OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1882

page_text: ETTERS PATENT to Walter Cash Clennell of N° 6 Great James Street
Bedford Row in the County of Middlesex Solicitor for an Invention of
A NEW AND IMPROVED METHOD FOR THE TREATMENT OF SUBSTANCES
CONTAINING MIXED ANIMAL AND VEGETABLE MATTER SO AS TO SEPARATE
THE SAME AND TO PRODUCE THEREFROM AN UNINJURED VEGETABLE FIBRE
AVAILABLE FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF PAPER OR FOR OTHER PURPOSES IN
WHICH VEGETABLE FIBRE IS USED AND ALSO A HIGHLY NITROGENIZED DRY
POWDER EITHER SOLUBLE OR INSOLUBLE IN WATER AS MAY BE DESIRED AND
AVAILABLE FOR MANURE OR OTHER PURPOSES a communication from Constant
Auguste Sanceau of Versailles in the Republic of France Gentleman.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Walter Cash Clennell at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 4th December 1882.
WALTER CASH CLENNELL of No 6 Great James Street Bedford Row in the
County of Middlesex Solicitor A NEW AND IMPROVED METHOD FOR THE
TREATMENT OF SUBSTANCES CONTAINING MIXED ANIMAL AND VEGETABLE MATTER
SO AS TO SEPARATE THE SAME AND TO PRODUCE THEREFROM AN UNINJURED
VEGETABLE FIBRE AVAILABLE FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF PAPER OR FOR OTHER
PURPOSES IN WHICH VEGETABLE FIBRE IS USED AND ALSO A HIGHLY NITROGENIZED
DRY POWDER EITHER SOLUBLE OR INSOLUBLE IN WATER AS MAY BE DESIRED AND
AVAILABLE FOR MANURE OR OTHER PURPOSES [a communication from Constant
Auguste Sanceau of Versailles in the Republic of France Gentleman]
The material whatever it may be, is exposed to the action of steam superheated
or not in a hermetically closed vessel at a pressure of from 30 to 90 pounds on the
square inch and for a time varying from three hours to five minutes according
to the quantity and kind of the material operated upon such time to be reckoned

page_text: only from the moment the required pressure is obtained The pressure and the
time required are dependent on each other but they are always in an inverse ratio
Care must be taken at the time of introducing steam into the vessel to' allow
any air happening to be there to escape, otherwise the strength of the vegetable
fibre may be impaired
If a mixture of cotton and wool either simply mixed or in the shape of Fabrics
or tissues or under any other form is exposed to a pressure of 50 lbs on the square
inch of steam superheated or not (but dry) for one hour, the animal matter (in this
case the wool) will simply be disintegrated without decomposition and consequently
without loss of nitrogen, the vegetable fibre still retaining all its toughness,
suppleness and brilliancy,
In this operation, if the steam used is dry or superheated, the material on being
quickly removed out of the vessel will be in a dry state, otherwise it may contain
some condensed water and will have to be dried rapidly at a moderate heat.
The material is now submitted to a beating or opening machine specially adapted
to this object and provided with a sieve. The animal matter thus falls as a dry
powder which may be collected in any convenient way.
Also the material on coming out of the vessel without drying it if moist may be
submitted to a beating machine working in a large vessel filled with water. The
disintegrated wool separates in fine particles and is held in suspension in the
water through the agitation caused by the beating machine and the action of
rakes moving the whole mass and then is carried forward by the water in to
tanks where it is deposited These tanks are provided with a falso perforated
bottom on which a filtering cloth is placed. There it accumulates and is taken out
to dry.
"
The powder obtained by either of the methods just described is a fine highly
nitrogenized powder not hygroscopic but insoluble in water
To render it soluble it is only necessary to continue the exposure in a hermetically
closed vessel to the action of steam at a pressure of about 80 lbs per square inch for
5 consecutive hours. The solution thus obtained is run out into a vessel where it
is evaporated and dried producing a powder which is now soluble in water and is
as highly nitrogenized as the other.
The animal matter is thus separated from the vegetable and the latter can
be used by the paper maker for the production of paper or by other persons
It may however be advisable to put this vegetable residue into a digester with
a weak alkali (lime usually) in order to get rid of any particle of animal
matter which accidentally might have been left in it. It will then be ready for
bleaching
Thus what is claimed is a new and improved method for the separation of
animal from vegetable fibres in any shape or form without the use of chemicals
& obtaining thereby a highly nitrogenized insoluble powder which can easily
be made soluble in water and an uninjured vegetable fibre best adapted for
the uses of the paper manufacturer or any other purposes for which vegetable fibre
is used

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Walter Cash Clennell in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
1st June 1883.
WALTER CASH CLENNELL of 6 Great James Street Bedford Row in the
County of Middlesex Solicitor "A NEW AND IMPROVED METHOD FOR THE
TREATMENT OF SUBSTANCES CONTAINING MIXED ANIMAL AND VEGETABLE MATTER
SO AS TO SEPARATE THE SAME AND TO PRODUCE THEREFROM AN UNINJURED
VEGETABLE FIBRE AVAILABLE FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF PAPER OR FOR OTHER
PURPOSES IN WHICH VEGETABLE FIBRE IS USED AND ALSO A HIGHLY NITROGENIZED
DRY POWDER EITHER SOLUBLE OR INSOLUBLE IN WATER AS MAY BE DESIRED AND
AVAILABLE FOR MANURE OR OTHER PURPOSES "
A communication from Constant
Auguste Sanceau of Versailles in the Republic of France Gentleman
This Invention may be conducted in two different ways according as an insoluble
or a soluble powder is desired but in either case the principle is that the material.
to be treated consisting of substances containing mixed animal and vegetable
matter must be exposed in a hermetically closed vessel to the action of steam
superheated or not at a pressure and for a time varying according to the quantity
description and condition of the material operated upon. The pressure and the
time required are also dependant on each other but are always in inverse ratio.
The method to be pursued for the production of the insoluble powder is as
follows:-
A mixture of animal and vegetable matter such as materials consisting of cotton
linen or other vegetable matter with wool silk or other animal matter either
simply mixed or combined in the form of fabric being exposed in a digester to
the action of dry steam at a pressure and for a time depending upon circumstances
which are more fully explained below the animal matter will simply be disin-
tegrated without other change the vegetable fibre remaining unaltered-The
digester may either be fixed or revolving and must be provided with a false
perforated bottom and be jacketed or properly isolated so as to prevent the
condensation of steam.
The operation is commenced by introducing the dry steam into the digester
under the perforated bottom until the necessary pressure is obtained which is
maintained during the required time such time being reckoned only from the
moment when the necessary pressure has been obtained. Care must be taken to
allow all the air in the digester to escape through a stopcock placed in the upper
part thereof. This stop cock inust be left slightly open during the operation so as
to allow a small issue of steam in order to prevent the steam in the digester from
becoming stagnant. From time to time during the operation the condensed water
(if any) must be withdrawn from the digester through a stop cock placed at the
bottom thereof. The pressure and time required depend upon the quantity
description and condition of the material operated upon the larger the quantity
and the newer the material the greater the pressure and the longer the time
required for example silk requires a higher pressure and a longer time than wool.
The pressure may therefore vary from 80 to 90 pounds to the square inch and
the time from three hours to five minutes-In practice it is desirable to subject
the material to a less pressure for a longer time rather than to increase the pressure
and diminish the time.
As soon as the operation has been continued for a sufficient time to complete
the disintegration of the animal matter the steam in the digester must be allowed
to escape as rapidly as possible and if the material is found to be dry it is rapidly
removed in order that it may be subjected to a beating process but if it is not

page_text: dry it is allowed to remain in the digester until it has been dried by means
of the steam contained between the digester and its jacket or is dried by any
other means.
The material is now submitted to a beating or opening machine suitable for the
purpose and provided with a sieve. The animal matter falls as a dry powder and
may be collected in any convenient way leaving the vegetable fibre intact.
If desired instead of the dry process above mentioned the material may be
subjected to a beating machine working in a large vessel filled with water the
disintegrated animal matter separates in fine particles and is held in suspension
in the water by reason of the agitation caused by the beating machine it is then
carried forward by the water into tanks where it is deposited-these tanks are
provided with false perforated bottoms on which filtering cloths are placed there
the animal matter is accumulated and is afterwards removed and dried.
This powder is insoluble in water.
The method for producing a soluble powder can be conducted either by using the
insoluble powder produced as above or in a direct manner.
In the former case it is only necessary to expose the powder again in a digester
to the action of steam at a pressure of 80 pounds per square inch for 5 consecutive
hours the solution thus obtained is run out into a vessel where it is evaporated
and dried.
In the latter case the following method may be pursued. The raw material is
exposed in a digester (hermetically closed and provided with a false perforated
bottom) to the action of steam at a pressure of about 80 pounds per square inch
for 5 consecutive hours the steam being introduced under the false bottom. A
solution of the animal matter will thus be obtained which can be run out of the
digester. A considerable quantity of the animal matter will however adhere to
the vegetable fibre from which it must be removed by washing and the diluted
solution thus obtained may be added to the first solution and the whole evaporated
to dryness and a soluble powder will be obtained leaving the vegetable fibre
unaltered.
In all the above cases the animal matter is separated from the vegetable in a
form available for manure or other purposes and the latter can be used for any
purpose for which vegetable fibre is required.
Having thus described the nature of this invention and the manner of performing
it I wish it to be understood that what is claimed is a new and improved method
for the separation of animal from vegetable fibres contained in materials of any
shape or form without the use of chemicals or any agent other than steam super-
heated or not and obtaining thereby an insoluble powder which can easily be
rendered soluble or directly a powder soluble in water either powder being
available for manure or other purposes and an uninjured vegetable fibre adapted
to any of the purposes for which vegetable tibre is used.
In witness whereof I the said Walter Cash Clennell have hereunto set my
hand and seal this first day of June in the year of our Lord One thousand
eight hundred and eighty three.
WALTER C. CLENNELL (L.S.)