Improvements in the Manufacture of Artificial Stone, and Apparatus in connection therewith.
Year: 1893

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Manufacture of Artificial Stone, and Apparatus
in connection therewith.
I, CHARLES GEORGE, of 11 Wartenburg Strasse, Berlin, Kingdom of Prussia,
German Empire, Sculptor, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in
what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascer-
tained in and by the following statement :-
My invention for improvements in the manufacture of artificial stone, relates,
not to the employment of any particular mixture of cement or the like of which the
said artificial stone may be made, but, Firstly-to a method of constructing ropes
lines or cords of jute, hemp, flax, Indian grass or the like, tarred or otherwise, and
with or without an inner core of spring steel or other metal, and using these singly,
or woven, laced or platted together, and interposed within the substance of the
artificial stone article to promote the elasticity and add to the strength of the same,
and Secondly-of an apparatus to be employed in conjunction with the said fabric
in the manufacture of lengths of tubes or pipes for drains and other purposes made
of artificial stone.
In order that my invention may be fully understood I have appended hereunto
two sheets of drawings in which,
Fig. 1 is an external and sectional view of a compound strand of hemp, flax, jute,
grass or the like as employed by me.
Fig. 2 is a similar view in which a core of steel or other metal has been
placed.
Figs. 3 and 4 are examples of the manner in which I prefer to lace or weave
together the strands Figs. 1 and 2, the latter figure also shewing a section of
same.
Fig. 5 is a plan view of the apparatus for moulding the lengths of tubes
previously mentioned.
Fig. 6 is a vertical section of Fig. 5 taken upon the line A B.
Fig. 7 is a side elevation of Fig. 5, in which the grooved pulleys thereof are
represented by dotted outlines.
Fig. 8 is a vertical section of the same Figure 5 taken upon the line C, D.
Similar letters are used throughout the drawings when referring to the same or
like parts.
I carry my invention into effect by forming the compound strands of hemp, jute
flax, grass or the like A in the manner shewn by Fig. 1, which may or may not be
coated with tar, creosote or the like, or as at Fig. 2 in which a core or substrand of
spring steel or other metal B has been placed, either of which I may use singly or
woven or platted, or I may use both these platted or woven or laced together
alternately, as shewn by the Figs. 3 and 4 or by the sectional part of Fig. 4, and
the fabric thus formed I employ as an inlet for the artificial stone substance, and
which I place therein either horizontally, vertically or diagonally during the
moulding of same, and whilst in a plastic condition.
For the preparation of pipes or tubes of artificial stone having inlets of the said
woven or laced material I construct an apparatus in the manner shewn by Figs. 5,
6, 7 and 8, which consists of a wooden or other frame a, upon which are mounted
two horizontal spindles 6 and 9, the former carrying a grooved pulley C, the latter
a smaller but grooved pulley n, these being geared together by an endless band o.
The outer face of C is recessed, and is provided upon the inner periphery formed
by said recess, with teeth or cogs, which gear with a pinion f upon a spindle f¹,
also mounted upon a, and provided with a handle or its equivalent d, by the

page_text: rotation of which motion is imparted to C and n.
Upon the spindle b is fixed a
preferably hollow tube or drum e, shaped externally to form a core upon which is
to be moulded the tube, drain pipe or the like of artificial stone. The said tube or
core e is provided with a mantle m which may be made of rubber, rubber com-
position, leather or other resilient material, and is used by me in place of the
metallic mantle hitherto employed.
The woven, platted or laced fabric or net work before mentioned is wound upon
the spindle g as shewn by h in Figs. 5, 7 and 8, such winding on being effected by
the rotation of C and n.
The compound or mixture intended to form the artificial stone having been
prepared is spread upon the outer surface of e, and when this has reached the
thickness required, (which in practice would be about half that of the finished
article,) the free end of the fabric h on g is connected to the said plastic substance
on e, when e would be rotated by the handle d, which would impart an unwinding
motion to and when sufficient of the fabric h had been unwound to surround the
plastic substance on e, this would be cut at this point, and the remainder of the
plastic substance laid upon the fabric now on e, the same meanwhile being rotated
by the handle d, until sufficient has been deposited for the purpose needed.
In order that the plastic compound upon e may be of an uniform and given
thickness, and the outer surface finished smoothly and of the shape desired, I mount
pivottally upon the frame a a scraper or shaper k, adjusted to the required gauge
by the means of spiral or other springs p, so that as e was rotated, k would remove
the superfluous plastic material, thereby leaving upon e an evenly finished plastic
cylinder, with which is incorporated the unseen cylinder of woven or platted elastic
material, and when sufficiently set the mantle m would be wrapped or otherwise
placed around this, the tension of which would serve to keep the said plastic
cylinder in shape until fully set, and cause the particles thereof to bind closely
upon, within and between the fabric therein, or when using certain artificial stone
compound I may use a mantle similar to m fixed upon the core e previous to placing
the said compound thereon, if required.
The said plastic artificial stone pipe when sufficiently hardened may be removed
from the core e by loosening the lugs 61, which form bearings for b, when the pipe
or tube may be fired in the usual way.
I may where desirable use single strands of the material Figs. 1 or 2 without
being woven together as at Figs. 3 and 4.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is.
1st. In the manufacture of articles of artificial stone, the construction and use of
ropes, lines or cords A, consisting of one or any number of strands of jute, hemp,
flax, grass or the like, tarred or coated externally or otherwise, and with or without
an inner core of spring steel or other metal B, as at Figs. 1 and 2, and the employ-
ment of same singly or platted, woven or laced together as at Figs. 3 and 4 as an
inlet interposed within the substance of the material constituting the artificial stone
slab, block, pipe, tube or other article, substantially as and for the purposes herein
described and shewn.
2nd. In the manufacture of artificial stone, tubes or pipes, for drains and other
purposes, the construction and use of an apparatus, consisting of a frame a, carrying
a spindle b, having an internally toothed grooved pulley C fixed thereon, in gear
with a pinion f, upon a spindle f¹, carrying a handle d. The spindle g also mounted
upon a, for carrying the fabric A woven or otherwise, and provided with a grooved
pulley n, in gear with C, by the means of an endless band o. The drum or core e,
mounted upon b, and provided with one or two mantles m. The scraper k actuated
by adjustable springs p, the whole connected, combined and operating substantially
as and for the purposes herein described and shewn by Figs. 5, 6, 7 and 8 of the
appended drawings.

page_text: 3rd. In combination with the apparatus set forth in the preceding claim the
employment of one or more mantles m made of india rubber, rubber composition or
other resilient material, substantially as and for the purposes stated.
Dated this 15th day of February 1893.
GEO. THOS. HYDE,
4, Moorfields, Fore Street, London, E.C., Agent for the Applicant.