Improvements in Means for Converting Reciprocating into Rotary Motion.
Year: 1891

page_text: Date of Application, 14th Oct., 1891
Complete Specification Left, 13th July, 1892-Accepted. 3rd Sept.. 1892
'
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Means for Converting Reciprocating into Rotary
Motion.
We, JAMES MCHARDY of Fairfax House Chiswick Scientific Expert and
WALKER GEORGE DE FORGES GARLAND of East Molesey Manufacturer do
hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
This invention, which relates to improvements in driving-gear, applicable in cases
wherein a rotary motion is employed, is carried into practice by the conversion of a
back-and-forward, or any to-and-fro-motion, into a continuous rotary motion by
transmission.
The said backward-and-forward motion may be produced by means of an axle,
upon which two bands (or their equivalents) being wound in opposite directions, it
follows, that, on pulling one band, the said axle will spin, in the direction of the
unwinding, and the other band will be wound up, and vice versa.
Or the said to-and-fro motion may be provided in any convenient manner.
The said to-and-fro motion being procured, it follows, that, if we connect a pair
of wheels (or their equivalents) or twin wheels, with the said to-and-fro motion, we
may, by means of pinions and cogs, and friction-gear, transmit the motion so as to
give a rotary motion in one direction only.
The same effect may be produced by any mechanical equivalent to the said
cog-and-pinion action, as, for example, by means of a direct and a cross band.
The apparatus constructed upon the method suggested may be produced
thus ;-
An axle is fitted in suitable bearings, and provided with two separate bands,
wound upon it in opposite directions. Upon the said axle are fixed a pair of
pinion-wheels.
An axle is likewise provided, which carries upon it-(either loose or fixed as
required) a pair of cog-wheels and a driving wheel. The said driving wheel
may be in the middle, having the said cogs, loose on either side of it. But,
the said driving wheel shall have any number of eccentric discs or pawls free
upon their axes, so adjusted as to surround a suitably prepared edge upon each
cog-wheel at either side of the said driving wheel. These said eccentric discs may
be so loaded as to incline constantly to the working position; for, as they will be
carried round upon the driving wheel, centrifugal force will cause their heavier
parts to incline to the outside of the periphery, or, when standing, the vertical
position will cause some of the said eccentric discs or pawls to assume the working
position. Having thus contrived an arrangement of parts which shall carry or
force the driving wheel in a given direction, on the accompanying cog-wheels being
actuated in that given direction, it is obvious that, if we cause one of the pinions
on the first mentioned axle-(provided with backward and forward action)-to
articulate directly with one of the driving cog-wheels, and the other pinion on the
same axle to actuate the second driving cog-wheel by means of an intermediate
cog-wheel, we shall cause one driving cog to run backwards, and the other to run
forwards, by any single motion of the to-and-fro-action pinions: One cog-wheel
will in consequence engage the driving wheel, while the other slips back in the
non-working direction of the pawls.
If we discard cog-and-pinion action, the same motion may be procured by means
of a direct and a cross belt, between the to-and-fro motion and loose pulleys for
taking up the function of the cogs alongside the driving wheel.
We shall thus be enabled to produce such a combination as shall be of great
importance in connexion with technical education; but by substituting such

page_text: equivalents as may be found necessary, and, the addition of such accessories as may
prove effectual, we hope to apply our improvements in any case wherein it is of
advantage to convert a to-and-fro motion into a continuous motion in one direction
only.
(N.B. Stops or other accessories may be added to the hereindescribed gear.)
Dated this 10th day of October 1891.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Means for Converting Reciprocating into Rotary
Motion.
We JAMES MC HARDY of Fairfax House Chiswick Middlesex Scientific Expert
and WALKER GEORGE DE FORGÉS GARLAND of East Molesey Surrey Manu-
facturer do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement :-
The backward and forward motion may be produced by means of an axle
upon which two bands (or their equivalents) are wound in opposite directions ;
on pulling one band, the said axle will spin in the direction of the unwinding,
and the other band will be wound up, and vice versa. Or the to-and-fro motion
may be produced in any convenient manner. The said to-and-fro motion being
procured, if we connect a pair of wheels (or their equivalents) or twin wheels,
with the said to and fro motion, we may by means of pinions and cogs, and
friction gear, transmit the motion so as to give a rotary motion in one direction
only.
The same effect may be produced by any mechanical equivalent to the said
cog-and-pinion action, as, for example by means of a direct and a cross band.
The apparatus constructed upon the method suggested may be produced
thus; An axle is fitted in suitable bearings, and provided with two separate
bands, wound upon it in opposite directions. Upon the said axle, are fixed, a
pair of pinion-wheels.
An axle is likewise provided which carries upon it-(either loose or fixed as
required)—a pair of cog-wheels, and a driving wheel. This said driving wheel
may be in the middle, having the said cogs loose on either side of it. But the
said driving wheel shall have any number of eccentric discs or pawls, free upon
their axes, so adjusted as to surround a suitably prepared edge upon each of the
cog-wheels. These said eccentric discs may be so loaded as to incline constantly
to the working position; for as they will be carried round upon the driving
wheel, centrifugal force will cause their heavier parts to incline to the outside
of the periphery; or when starting, the vertical position will cause some of the
said eccentric discs, or pawls to assume the working position. Having thus con-
trived an arrangement of parts which shall carry or force the driving wheel in
a given direction on the accompanying cog-wheels being actuated in that given
direction it is obvious that if we cause one of the pinions on the first mentioned
axle (provided with backward and forward action)-to articulate directly with

page_text: one of the driving cog-wheels, and the other pinion on the same axle to actuate
the second driving cog-wheel by means of an intermediate cog-wheel, we shall
cause one driving cog to run backwards, and the other to run forwards by any
single motion of the to-and-fro-action pinions: One cog-wheel will engage the
driving wheel while the other slips back in the non-working direction of the
pawls. If we discard cog and pinion action the same motion may be procured
by means of a direct and a cross belt between the to-and-fro-motion and loose
pulleys for taking up the function of the cogs alongside the driving wheel.
Fig. I-a plan of this invention carried out by means of cogs and pinions.
a-the spindle rotated in either direction by
bb the cords or bands wound upon a in opposite directions.
cc-a pinion fixed upon a and actuating
ee-a loose cog upon the spindle h h.
dd a pinion also fixed upon a and actuating
ff an intermediate cog-wheel which in turn actuates
gg-a loose cog-wheel upon the spindle h h.
As indicated in the drawing, e e and 9 9 are each provided with a friction drum
or disc.
pp-the pawls upon
xx-the driving wheel, resist revolution in one direction only; consequently,
in whatever direction a be caused to revolve will revolve in one direction only
as it is driven alternately by one or other of the pawls. N.B. xx may be loose
upon the spindle h h, or this may revolve with a rigid upon it; and any kind of
ratchet or friction gear may be used instead of the pawls.
Fig. II-a side plan of the driving wheel with friction-pawls.
-driving wheel.
pppp-the said eccentric discs used as pawls, regulated so as to grip in
ono direction only and so weighted as to be kept in the working position by
centrifugal force.
Fig. III-a plan in which
a-the spindle as in Fig. 1.
dd & cc-fixed pulleys upon a instead of pinion wheels.
ee & gg-loose pulleys upon h h instead of cog-wheels with other parts corre
sponding with Fig. I.
If d d actuate gg by means of a direct belt, and c c actuate e e by a cross-belt,
the continuous rotary motion of c will be as before explained in Fig. I.
C
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed we declare that what
we claim is:
1. The axle producing reciprocal motion in combination with the other parts
hereindescribed.
2. The hereindescribed combination of cog-wheels or belts and friction-gear, with
the said axle which produces the reciprocal motion.
3. The driving wheel as hereindescribed in combination with the said parts.
4. The eccentric discs or pawls as hereindescribed.
Dated this 9th day of July 1892.
JAMES MCHARDY.
WALKER GEORGE DE FORGÉS GARLAND.