matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENT IN LAMPS FOR RAILWAY CARRIAGES, SHIPS' CABINS, AND OTHER OIL LAMPS
Year: 1857

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alexis Jean Dessales at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 19th August
1857.
I, ALEXIS JEAN DESSALES, of 13, Rue des Enfants Rouges, Paris, in the
Empire of France, and of 43, Southampton Buildings, Chancery Lane, in the
County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
an "IMPROVEMENT IN LAMPS FOR RAILWAY CARRIAGES, SHIPS' CABINS, AND OTHER
OIL LAMPS," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in an improvement in lamps for railway carriages,
ship's cabin, and other oil lamps, and the improvement consists in constructing
the oil box on the principle of a syphon filled from the upper part, in which
a twofold action is produced, inasmuch as the lower part is furnished or fitted
with a valve, and is so arranged that when the slide with which the upper part
is provided is removed, for the purpose of introducing the oil, the valve in the
lower part closes immediately, thus preventing the flow of oil in the supply
pipe until such time as the lamp is required to be lighted, when on closing the
opening on the upper part with the slide, the valve in the lower part is imme-
diately acted upon, allowing the oil to flow freely through the supply pipe to
the burner.
The advantages gained by this system are, less consumption of oil, greater
cleanliness, & the prevention of the overflow of oil to which all lamps constructed
on the simple syphonic system are at all times subject from any sudden change
of temperature.
IMPROVEMENTS IN POWER LOOMS FOR WEAVING WORSTED, COTTON, SILK, WOOLLEN, AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES
Year: 1857

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Daniel Hiley, Perceval Hiley,
William Hargreaves, and Enoch Haley, at the Office of the Commissioners
of Patents, with their Petition, on the 7th December 1857.
We, DANIEL HILEY and PERCEVAL HILEY, of Bradford, Mechanics, and
WILLIAM HARGREAVES and ENOCH HALEY, of Bradford, Iron Manufacturers,
all in the West Riding of the County of York, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN POWER LOOMS FOR WEAVING
WORSTED, COTTON, SILK, WOOLLEN, AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES," to be as
follows:-
Our improvements consists of a double shuttle or different arranged shuttle
to what is commonly used; it is constructed with two bobbins upon one
spindle, one bobbin throwing out the thread on one side of the shuttle, and
the other bobbin throwing out the thread on the opposite side of the shuttle,
the bobbins being placed back to back upon one spindle. Another part
of our improvements consists of two sharp instruments, which may be
termed knives or scissors, attached to the loom, which will cut off the
thread pick by pick, or any given number of picks, and is made self-acting by
means of levers, wheels, and tappet. And another part of our improvements
consist of a waved reed or slay, by which means we can weave any kind of
waved stripes. By the use of the above improved shuttle, knives, or scissors, we
can weave different colors with one shuttle without stopping the loom.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MARINE OR CONDENSING STEAM ENGINES
Year: 1857

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Peter Armand le Comte de
Fontainemoreau at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
his Petition, on the 3rd November 1857.-A communication."
I, PETER ARMAND le Comte DE FONTAINE MOREAU, of Paris, London, and
Brussels, Patent Solicitor, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention
of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MARINE OR CONDENSING STEAM ENGINES," to be as.
follows:-
These improvements relate to marine or condensing steam engines, and
consist, first, of an improved air pump; secondly, in a mode of economising
waste steam; thirdly, in usefully employing the waste water of the condenser ;
fourthly, of a syphon exhaust bilge pump.
The improved air pump is made double, each pump having a double action.
The two pumps receive a special function by the following arrangement:-
Two valves in the pump, which have a double action, communicate with the
lower part of the condenser; the second pump communicates with the con-
denser by openings placed above the jet of condensing water. The first pump
will exhaust all the water of the condenser, whilst the second will only eject
air. At each extremity of the two air-pump cylinders is a space filled with
water, which never descends below a certain level. The first pump draws all
the condensed water with about a fourth of air, and forces these products
into a cistern. At the bottom of each pump are placed receivers for collecting

page_text: the impurities contained in the water, which impurities may be removed by
purge cocks. The two pumps are worked by a separate steam cylinder and
piston, the rod of which is connected to the two pistons of the air pumps.
A feed pump is placed on each side of the water and air pump; it is put in
action by the piston rod, which works, the air pump. This feed pump receives
a supply of water either from the condenser or from the air pump containing
water.
The waste steam is economised by using a pipe communicating direct
between the boilers and the condenser. When the steam is blown off, it enters
the condenser and becomes condensed.
The condensed water of the first air pump is forced by the latter into a
cistern placed in a suitable position, so as to allow the condensed waste water
to run through a pipe provided with a stop-cock in a continuous stream, in a
direction parallel to the keel and opposite the track of the ship, so as to
obtain a current of reaction, as in a turbine.
いち
An exhaust pump. for removing the bilge: water of the ship when required
communicates by a syphon with the first air pump. At the lower part of the
cylinder of the syphon pump is a pipe, which is made to enter the hold of the
ship, for drawing off the bilge water which egresses from the cylinder by
another pipe. In the interior of this syphon pump is placed a float or piston
without a rod, and of a determined weight, to force by its weight and by
pressure from the air pump: the bilge water contained in the cylinder out of
the escape piper sary of
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IMPROVEMENTS IN
Year: 1857

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Louis Frederic Ernest Ciceri, No. 38, Rue Pigale,.
in the City of Paris, Artist, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
"
Sealed the 1st June 1858, and dated the 3rd December 1857.
parsuance
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Louis Frederic Ernest
Ciceri at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 3rd December 1857.
I, LOUIS FREDERIC ERNEST CICERI, of No. 38, Rue Pigale, in the City of
Paris, Artist, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE PREPARATION OF WHITE AS A BASIS OF COLOUR," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in the preparation of white
as a basis of colour.
For this purpose 1 roast crude alabaster in a plaster kiln; when it is
O roasted I grind it in an ordinary mill, afterwards I reduce it to a paste with
a sufficient quantity of water saturated with alum. As soon as this paste is
dry, I put it again into the kiln, and submit it to a second calcination, and
afterwards I reduce it to a fine powder. If to marble of alabaster, calcined
and powdered in the way above described, I add a quantity of "manicot

page_text: blanc" (sublimed lead, a sort of white known in commerce), and mix them
perfectly, I obtain another sort of white. Another white of this sort is obtained
by mixing powder of alabaster in the state of first calcination with zinc white
or white lead acidified.
To acidulate one of these whites, the following is the manner in which to
proceed: The powdered zinc white or white lead is ground with vinegar, or
any other analogous acid, in sufficient quantity for the grinding, and as by this
operation the white blackens, it is necessary to plunge it in a bath of water
and there to wash it well. Afterwards it is left to reposo until it has settled to
the bottom of the vessel; the supernatant water is then drawn off. In the case
of a mixture of alabaster white simply combined with a quantity of unacidu-
lated zinc white or white lead, it is only necessary to effect the mixture in a
vessel in which they can be well stirred together. The description of white
which I consider to be most generally useful consists of a mixture of alabaster
white twice calcined, with a quantity of zinc white or white lead and powdered
alum.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF COPPER, BRASS, OR OTHER METALLIC ROLLERS OR CYLINDERS
Year: 1857

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Withnall at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 17th February
1857.
int
I, THOMAS WITHNALL, of the City of Manchester, in the County of
Lancaster, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF COPPER, BRASS, OR OTHER METALLIC ROLLERS OR
CYLINDERS," to be as follows:-
Firstly, I take a sheet of tin, fit it on and round an iron centre or maundril,
and solder or join the edges in the usual manner, pressing the tin into the
slot of the maundrill if there be one. I then insert the maundrill with the tin
covering into a roller or tube of copper, brass, or other metal, the said roller
or tube being prepared inside to receive a coating of tin solder or other
substance that will cause the metals to unite. I run a composition of molten
metal into the space between the two rollers or tubes, which composition,
having a portion of tin mixed with it, causes the tin to melt and adhere to the
two rollers or tubes, forming one compact body, the maundrill to be taken out
when the metal is cool or set.
Secondly, I take a thin sheet of copper, brass, or other metal and fit it on a
maundrill or centre, coating the outside as described in the former process, and
put it into another roller or tube of copper, brass, &c., prepared inside as before
described, and run a composition of molten metal between the two tubes,

page_text: which, when cool or set and the maundril taken out, will form one compact
solid roller. But if the roller is to work on the maundrill or centre as a
fixture, I cover and solder 'the maundrill, as before described, and put it into a
roller of copper, brass, &c., prepared inside, and run a composition of molten
metal, as before, which will unite, and thus form a compact roller on the
maundrill.
Thirdly, I take a cylinder or tube of copper, brass, or other metal and
prepare it on the outside to receive a coating of tin solder, or other substance
that will cause the metals to unite, and prepare a larger tube or cylinder of
the same metal inside same as the smaller one has been prepared outside.
I insert the smaller one inside the larger one, and run a composition of
moulton metal between the two under the necessary degree of heat, which,
'when set, will unite and form one compact roller.
Fourthly, I take a copper, brass, or other metallic cylinder or roller and
prepare it inside, as before described, with a coating of tin, &c.; another
roller being prepared the same way outside, and I subject them to a sufficient
heat to fuse the coating thus prepared, and when one is inserted into the
other, when cool will unite and form one compact tube or roller.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE TREATMENT OF CERTAIN COMPOUNDS OF SILICA, ALUMINA, SODIUM, OR POTASH, AND THE APPLICATION OF SUCH COMPOUND IN THE PROCESSES OF PRINTING, DYEING, TAWING, PAPER MAKING, OR IN ANY OTHER PROCESS IN WHICH THE ALUMINA OF COMMERCE IS EMPLOYED
Year: 1857

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Hartley Kenyon at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 29th July
1857.
I, HARTLEY KENYON, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Manu-
facturing Chemist, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE TREATMENT OF CERTAIN COMPOUNDS OF SILICA, ALUMINA,
SODIUM, OR POTASH, AND THE APPLICATION OF SUCH COMPOUND IN THE PROCESSES OF
PRINTING, DYEING, TAWING, PAPER MAKING, OR IN ANY OTHER PROCESS IN WHICH
THE ALUMINA OF COMMERCE IS EMPLOYED," to be as follows:-
I take ordinary clays or spars (such as fluorspar and felspar) compound of
various quantities of silica, alumina, water, and as little iron or lime as
possible. I prefer those which contain about 46-29 parts of silica, 40·09 of
alumina, peroscide of iron 27, lime 50, water 12-67, in 100 parts; but I
do not confine myself to these exact proportions. In the case of employing
clays, dry the clay and grind it in an ordinary clay mill, I then calcine
it or not, as preferred, in any suitable furnace, driving off the water and
rendering the clay more porous, and carbonizing, the iron rendering the clay
more easily acted upon by sulphuric acid; or by my improved process I can
dispense with the calcination by the additional heat obtained from the decom-
position of the salts mentioned. Or in the employment of spars I take spars

page_text: of component parts as the clays before mentioned, and grind them in an
ordinary mill for that purpose, and calcine or not, when they are ready for use.
I take two parts of clay or spar, or both combined, and add one part of
marine salt, muriate of soda, or nitrate of soda, or nitrate of potash, 1 parts
of boiling water, and dissolve th part of Glauber salts or acid, sulphate of
soda, or sulphate of potash, and add it to the above-named spars or clays and
salt, and put it in a pot or cylinder or any convenient furnace, and mix with
it one part of concentrated sulphuric acid, 1-850 spec. grav., and drive off and
collect in a tower or jars the hydrochloric acid, or the aquafortis if nitrates
are used; or I put two parts of clay, one part of marine salt, or nitrate of soda
or potash, and two and a half parts of sulphuric acid, 1.350 spec. grav., or
thereabouts; but I do not confine myself to these exact proportions. I take
the residue and submit it to a furnace, as used by soda ash makers, heated by
the residue of heat from the pot, or any other kind of furnace until the whole
of the hydrochloric or nitric acid gases are driven off.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE MANUFACTURE OF COP TUBES
Year: 1857

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Marland at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 8th September
1857.
I, JOHN MARLAND, of Fernlee Vale, Saddleworth, in the County of York,
do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF COP TUBES," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object an improvement in the manufacture of cop
tubes. For this purpose when using paper or woven fabric for such manu-
facture, the pieces of paper or fabric are cut to an angular form, cemented on
one side, and are then rolled up in such manner as to produce conical-shaped
cop tubes thicker at their lower ends than at their upper ends, the interior of
the cop tubes being cylindrical or nearly so.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF BOATS
Year: 1857

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Archibald Brooman at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
31st October 1857.-A communication.
I, RICHARD ARCHIBALD BROOMAN, of 166, Fleet Street, in the City of
London, E.C., Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF BOATS," (communicated to me by
a foreigner residing abroad,) to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in the construction of folding or collapsible boats
which can be readily expanded, and which, when folded, can be easily stowed,
as, for instance, on ships' decks, and occupy but little space.
The keel is formed of iron in two or more parts capable of sliding over
each other, to allow of the keel elongating or contracting, according to whether
the boat is required to be expanded or collapsed. The ribs are formed of iron,
and are all pivotted on the keel; the side plates are of iron united and made
tight by an outer skin or casing of caoutchouc cloth; the side plates are
bolted to the stem and stern which are continuations of the keel bent up into
the proper shape. The caoutchouc cloth is secured at bottom to each side of
the keel, by being interposed between it and an outer plate of metal on each
side, held by bolts and rivets, and at top to the gunwale by being interposed
between the side plates and an outer plate secured by bolts and rivets.
seats form stretchers, and are secured at one end to the top of the ribs; they
follow the motion of the ribs, and are connected to the opposite side thereof
when the boat is expanded, by spring catch or other suitable joints, and pre-
vent the pressure of the water from forcing in the sides.
The
IMPROVEMENTS IN PROPELLING SHIPS, BOATS, AND OTHER VESSELS
Year: 1857

page_text: Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 10th
January 1857-A communication from François Jeandeau
I, RICHARD ARCHIBALD BROOMAN, of 166, Fleet Street, in the City of
London, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PROPELLING SHIPS, BOATS, AND OTHER VESSELS," (commu-
nicated to me by François Jeandeau, a foreigner residing abroad,) to be as
follows:-
This Invention consists in fitting to the bow or other suitable part of a ship,
boat, or other vessel two submerged wheels of like diameter, fitted with an
equal number of blades, and placed horizontally and in such manner that
an imaginary line connecting their centres would intersect at right angles the
axis, or a line drawn from stem to stern of the vessel. The wheels are fitted
within semicylindrical cases or half drums, or cases enclosing one half or a
portion of their peripheries, and are made to rotate at the same rate of velocity
by means of cranked arms worked by the piston rod of a steam engine or
otherwise. To propel the vessel the wheels are driven in relatively reverse
directions, while to turn or steer her they are rotated in the same direction.
Instead of two wheels, a single submerged wheel fitted with blades enclosed in
a half or segmental drum and placed horizontally may be employed.

page_text: For canal navigation and otherwise, where desired, the wheel or wheels may
be placed in the same place with the keel. The blades may be attached to discs
or not, and the wheel cases placed close together (when two are employed),
so that their blades come nearly or quite in contact.
IMPROVEMENTS IN WINDING UP WATCHES WHICH HAVE NOT FUSEES OR CHAINS
Year: 1857

page_text: CITO
application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Hargreaves and Joseph
Hargreaves at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 29th December 1857.
We, JOHN HARGREAVES and JOSEPH HARGREAVES, of Liverpool, in the
County of Lancaster, Watch Manufacturers, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN WINDING UP WATCHES WHICH HAVE NOT
FUSEES OR CHAINS," to be as follows:-
It has always been an objection to watches made without fusees and chains
that their winding the contrary way to all other English made watches made
them liable to be often put out of order. We propose remedying this by
using an extra ratchet wheel, gearing it with the key ratchet wheel at present
used; by this means we can wind up in the same way as English watches
which have fusees and chains, and thereby prevent the possibility of these
watches being put out of repair by winding the wrong way. By this con-
struction we can make these watches much flatter or thiner than any English
watch hitherto made, and consequently make them more suitable for the
pocket. We therefore claim as our Invention the application of an extra
ratchet wheel by which we accomplish the ends already described.
AN IMPROVED TAP OR COCK
Year: 1857

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Frederick Hale at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
80th April 1857.
I, THOMAS FREDERICK HALE, of the firm of Thomas Hale and Sons, of
the City of Bristol, Founders, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "AN IMPROVED TAP OR COCK," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in constructing cocks with a conical barrel, the base
or widest part of the cone forming the bottom of the cock, and with a hollow
conical plug ground to fit the barrel, and in forming this plug with only one
aperture for the admission and outlet of the liquid, fluid, or other matter
passing or to be passed through it. The top of the hollow conical plug is solid.
From cocks being so constructed, the greater the pressure of the matter to be
passed through them the more tight will they be; and in the case of steam or
other heated matter, the cocks will not be liable to any sudden change of tem-
perature, as the plugs being always charged will maintain them at an even
temperature. In order to pass steam or other matter through the cocks, the
aperture in the hollow plug being opposite to the inlet the plug requires to be
turned entirely round, supposing the inlet and outlet pipes to be opposite to
each other.
AN IMPROVEMENT OR IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF STEEL
Year: 1857

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Stephen Barker at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 3rd April
1857.
I, STEPHEN BARKER, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Manu-
facturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN
IMPROVEMENT OR IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF STEEL," to be as
follows:-
My said Invention consists in the manufacture of steel from wrought or
malleable iron, the said iron being in such a state of division as is possessed
by the waste pieces produced in the manufacture of various articles of wrought
iron.
In carrying my Invention into effect, I prefer to employ the turnings pro-
duced in the manufacture of axles, or the scrap or small pieces produced by
turning, boring, planing, punching, or otherwise operating upon wrought iron
in the manufacture of articles therefrom. I take the said scrap or small waste
pieces of wrought iron, and by heating the same in contact with carbon or
compounds yielding carbon, I effect the conversion of the said iron into steel.
The division and extent of surface in the said scrap iron are favorable to the
rapid absorption of the carbon. The porous character of iron turnings pro-
duced by the tearing action of the turning tool makes the said turnings
especially fitted for conversion into steel. I do not limit myself to any

page_text: particular method of effecting the conversion of the iron into steel, the essence
of my Invention consisting in the use of scrap or divided waste wrought iron,
such as is produced as a refuse product in various manufactures for the manu-
facture of steel.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN RAILWAY AXLETREE BOXES
Year: 1857

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Joseph Curtis at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 7th
January 1857.
I, WILLIAM JOSEPH CURTIS, of 1, Crown Court, Old Broad Street, in the
City of London, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN RAILWAY AXLETREE BOXES," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in railway axletree boxes.
For these purposes, in order to prevent the passage of the grease out of the
axletree box, and also to prevent dust and dirt getting into the axletree
box, a disc or plate of flexible material, such as leather, vulcanized india-
rubber, or other suitable material, is fixed at its edges or circumference to the
axletree box; the axletree passes through the centre of such disc, and rotates
within the opening formed through such disc. The disc where it embraces
the axletree is arranged to fit closely to the axle (by its own elasticity or by
a collar) and yet admit of the axletree turning freely therein, and provision
is made to prevent the part of the disc which embraces the axletree moving
round with the axletree.
A NEW OR IMPROVED MOTIVE-POWER ENGINE
Year: 1857

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PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Johan Ernst Fridrich Luedeke at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
17th September 1857.
I, JOHAN ERNST FRIDRICH LUEDEKE, of Birmingham, in the County of
Warwick, Mechanical Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "A NEW OR IMPROVED MOTIVE-POWER ENGINE," to be as
follows:-
My Invention consists of a new or improved motive-power engine, in which
a mixture of hydrogen and atmospheric air is exploded, and the partial
vacuum thereby produced is made to bring into operation the pressure of the
atmosphere, so as to obtain therefrom motive power.
My new or improved engine consists essentially of three parts. In the first
of the three parts hydrogen is generated, by preference by the action of zinc
on dilute sulphuric acid; the hydrogen gas is transmitted to the second part of
the engine, where it is mixed with a suitable quantity of atmospheric air.
The mixture is exploded by a small flame fed from the generator, the aperture
at which the ignition was effected being closed immediately after the deto-
nation. By the collapse of the gaseous mixture after detonation, a partial

page_text: vacuum is produced, which is made to produce an exhaustion in the third
compartment, against which the atmospheric pressure is made to act.
The motion thus produced is transmitted by a crank, or otherwise, to a
shaft, where it is regulated by a fly wheel, and used as steam or other motive
power.
IMPROVEMENTS IN VIOLINS AND OTHER STRINGED MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS OF A SIMILAR NATURE
Year: 1857

page_text: (This Invention received Provisional Protection, but notice to proceed with the
application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Nicolas Gustave Imbert de
Laphalèque at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his
Petition, on the 12th September 1857.
I, NICOLAS GUSTAVE IMBERT DE LAPHALEQUE, Gentleman, of Paris (France),
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
VIOLINS AND OTHER STRINGED MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS OF A SIMILAR NATURE," to be
as follows:-
My Invention relates to violins, violencellos, bassos, guitars, and other
stringed musical instruments of a similar nature, in which the two sound-
boards are connected by a sound-pin. The Invention consists in applying,
instead of the said sound-pin, a small frame, in which are inserted one or
more vanes or diaphragms fixed to a spindle, which may be moved from the
outside of the instrument, and thus cause the said vanes to take any required
position, in order to modify thereby the sound of the instrument.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THRASHING MACHINES, KNOWN AS COMBINED THRASHING MACHINES
Year: 1857

page_text: (This Invention received Provisional Protection, but notice to proceed with the
application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Parsons at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 21st July 1857.
J, GEORGE PARSONS, of Martock, in the County of Somerset, Agricultural
Implement Maker, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THRASHING MACHINES, KNOWN AS COMBINED THRASHING
MACHINES," to be as follows:-
I construct the drum of thrashing machines with two or more circular or
segmental beaters arranged stepwise, or with two or more circular or segmental
beaters of different diameters, the smaller diameter being set so as to first act
upon the crop to be thrashed. I construct the shakers with solid bottoms so
as to convey back the grain shaken from the straw to the bopper of or to the
winnowing apparatus; and I suspend the shakers at a point behind the drum.
1 also form my sieves by punching or beating down from the surface of a metal
plate strips or tongues, which being inclined form not only passages for the
grain to pass through, but also spouts to direct the blast from the fan for
keeping the sieves clear; and I bring into the same hopper two pipes from the
same fan or blower, one at the upper part thereof and another lower down,
whereby the winnowing is much improved.
I also mount a fan upon the drum spindle.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR WASHING TEXTILE FABRICS AND FIBROUS SUBSTANCES
Year: 1857

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Thomas Hardcastle, of Bradshaw, near Bolton-le-
Moors, in the County of Lancaster, Bleacher, Dyer, and Printer, for
the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR WASHING TEXTILE
FABRICS AND FIBROUS SUBSTANCES."
Sealed the 26th February 1858, and dated the 2nd September 1857.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Thomas Hardcastle at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
2nd September 1857.
I, THOMAS HARDCASTLE, of Bradshaw, near Bolton-le-Moors, in the County
of Lancaster, Bleacher, Dyer, and Printer, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR WASHING TEXTILE
FABRICS AND FIBROUS SUBSTANCES," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists of a vibrating frame or board, to which are attached
rollers, pulleys, or guides, around or through which the fabrics to be washed
pass. The vibrating frame or board may be double or single, and works in
a closed cistern partly filled with water. The fabrics to be washed are
stitched together end to end, and are taken through the guides or over the
pulleys or rollers, the action of the vibrating frame or board raising the fabrics

page_text: partly out of the water, and then striking them in the water rapidly, thereby
effectually removing the loose impurities.
When the rollers, pulleys, or guides are attached to a vibrating board, the
fabric when struck on the water is also acted upon by the board, and when
the rollers, pulleys, or guides are attached to a vibrating frame, stationary
boards or guards may be placed within the cistern, either above or below, or
both, for the fabric to strike against. After the fabric has been operated upon
in the cistern, as above described, it is conveyed through squeezing rollers
in the usual manner. The clean water is admitted on the fabric near the
squeezing rollers, and acts upon it before it passes between them. The fabric
may be agitated in passing through a receptacle for the clean water before
the water enters the cistern.
When fabrics not in continuous lengths or fibrous substances have to be
washed by this improved machinery, they are attached or connected to the
vibrating frame or board in any convenient manner.
A modification of my Invention consists in giving a rotary motion to a set
of frames or boards mounted on a hollow axle; these frames or boards are
also furnished with rollers, pulleys, or guides. The fabrics to be washed are
taken through one end of the hollow axle, then through holes in the axle,
and around or through the rollers, pulleys, or guides. They then again pass
through holes in the hollow axle, from whence they are guided to the
squeezing rollers. When fabrics or fibrous substances not in continuous lengths
are washed by this modification of my Invention, a solid axle may be used,
as the fabrics or fibrous substances are then connected to the frames or
boards in any convenient manner. Stationary or moveable guards for the
fabrics or fibrous substances to strike against may be employed in combination
with the above.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SULPHURIC ACID
Year: 1857

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Proctor at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 28th July
1857.
I, WILLIAM PROCTOR, of Bristol, Manufacturing Chemist, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF
SULPHURIC ACID," to be as follows :—
The object of this Invention is to expedite and economise the manufacture
of sulphuric acid. To this end I employ a jet or jets of steam for drawing or
forcing into the acid chambers currents of atmospheric air or other gaseous
substance which is capable of yielding oxygen to the gaseous fumes which are
generated in the furnace. The air may be drawn direct from the atmosphere,
and passing through a pipe contained in or surrounding the steam pipe, will
be heated by the high-pressure steam, and thus presented at a favorable
temperature for entering into chemical combination with the contents of the
acid chamber.
IM- PROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF COMBS FOR COMBING WOOL, SILK, COTTON, FLAX, OR OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS
Year: 1857

page_text: This Invention received rovisional Lrotection, out notice to
application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Sugden at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 1st April 1857.
I, JOHN SUGDEN, of Bradford, in the County of York, Machine Wool
Comb Maker, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF COMBS FOR COMBING WOOL, SILK, COTTON,
FLAX, OR OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to the manufacture of combs in which the teeth are
set in circles or segments of circles, the object being to produce such combs
at less cost than heretofore. For this purpose I prepare the pins or teeth in
any well-known manner, and having arranged them in a suitable holder in a
line corresponding to the form which they are to take in the comb, I secure
them in that position by casting molten tin or composition metal around the
roots of the pins or teeth. In this manner I form circular combs cast all in one
piece, but the more preferable mode is to cast them in segments, which when
fitted together will form a circular comb. By this means I avoid the expense
entailed in the use of a dividing engine for fitting the brass plates to receive
the pins, and I produce combs which will answer the purpose of the manu-
facturer equally well with the more expensive construction of combs.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PREPARING COMBINATIONS OF MATERIALS FOR COATING WOODEN AND IRON SHIPS OR VESSELS
Year: 1857

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Nicolaus Charles Szerelmey at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
25th May 1857.
I, NICOLAUS CHARLES SZERELMEY, of 5, Bermuda Place, Bath Road,
Peckham, in the County of Surrey, Esquire, do hereby declare the nature
of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PREPARING COMBINATIONS OF MATERIALS
FOR COATING WOODEN AND IRON SHIPS OR VESSELS," to be as follows:-
The Invention has for its object improvements in preparing combinations of
materials for obtaining tightness and durability of wooden and iron vessels,
which may be called improved metal composition, are produced in the following
manner:--In 38 lbs. of lime water I boil 6 lbs. of alum, 3 lbs. of sulphate of
copper; this is composition A. Then I boil in an iron pot 18 gallons (pre-
pared by mechanical process) of well purified linseed oil, 2 lbs. of common
Prussian blue, 4 lbs. of copperas, 4 lbs. of brown umber; as soon as this com-
position takes fire, I extinguish it with a suitable cover and let it cool; this
is composition B. Then I take ashes of coal, 10 lbs.; burnt argillaceous
earth, 10 lbs.; calcareous silex, 10 lbs., and pulverize it, and add water till the
whole is reduced to a thick paste. Then I grind this paste and dry it again
in the air; afterwards I add to this substance 2 lbs. of litharge, 2 lbs. of
sulphate of copper, and so much of composition B till it becomes a thick
paste, which I grind again, and thin with a little turpentine; this is com-
position C. Then I melt in another pot 30 lbs. of asphalte, 3 lbs. of brown
umber, 3 lbs. of red lead, 3 lbs. gum animi. When these ingredients are

page_text: melted, I add 5 gallons of linseed oil and let it boil till it becomes quite thick,
when I take it from the fire and add 2 lbs. of sulphate of copper, and as much
turpentine as is necessary for painting; this is composition D. The ship is
treated in the following way:-The wood before it is used in the construction
of the ship must be thoroughly dried in the air, or by some apparatus. When
the ship is so far advanced that the lower parts can be painted I make use of
the above composition in succession. I paint the wood in all directions with
the boiling-hot composition A, so that it can thoroughly penetrate it. When
the wood has thoroughly dried I paint the same places with composition C;
when it has dried, I coat it again with the same composition and let it dry;
then I paint it with composition D, and when this is half dry I cover it with
ashes of coal and let it dry afterwards. I polish with pumicestone. I then
give it another coating of the same composition, and the ship can go to sea
three or four days afterwards. Wooden vessels which are sheathed with zinc
or copper, and also iron vessels, are treated in the same manner, except that I
omit the painting with composition A.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BIRDCAGES
Year: 1857

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederick Ayckbourn at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 18th Novem-
ber 1857.
I, FREDERICK AYCKBOURN, of 4, Lyons Inn, Strand, in the County of
Middlesex, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN BIRDCAGES," to be as follows:-
In the manufacture of birdcages, I construct such parts of the cage as
hitherto have consisted of wirework, or wood and wirework, either wholly of
globular or sheet glass, or partly of such glass, and partly of wood or other
suitable material; or I construct the whole of the cage of such glass, either
plain or coloured, and of any requisite shape or size.
Iм- PROVEMENTS IN SAFETY APPARATUS FOR GUARDING THE MOUTHS OF PITS, EXCAVATIONS, AND OTHER OPENINGS
Year: 1857

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Reid, of Shettleston, in the County of
Lanark, North Britain, Colliery Manager, for the Invention of "Iм-
PROVEMENTS IN SAFETY APPARATUS FOR GUARDING THE MOUTHS OF PITS,
EXCAVATIONS, AND OTHER OPENINGS."
Sealed the 15th May 1857, and dated the 19th March 1857.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Reid at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
19th March 1857.
I, WILLIAM REID, of Shettleston, in the County of Lanark, North Britain,
Colliery Manager, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN SAFETY APPARATUS FOR GUARDING THE MOUTHS OF PITS,
EXCAVATIONS, AND OTHER OPENINGS," to be as follows, that is to say:-
This Invention relates more especially to the guarding of the mouths of pits
and mine shafts during the actual working of the same, so as to prevent
accidents from the workpeople or attendants falling down such openings. As
applied to an ordinary coal pit mouth the apparatus consists of an open
rectangular timber frame, large enough to embrace the opening at the head of
the shaft. This frame has its two ends hinged on so that it can be easily

page_text: opened out for adjustment in its place without interfering with the winding
rope or cage. When the cage is down the shaft this guard frame stands upon
the pit mouth, so that nothing can fall down the shaft, but when the cage is
wound upwards, projections upon the cage come in contact with the feet of
the frame and lift it up clear of the pit's mouth. This action carries the
guard frame clear away from the pit's mouth, so as to allow of full access
thereto, whilst at this time the cage itself forms the guard, and prevents
anything from falling down the shaft. In this way a most effective guard is
kept over the pit's mouth at all times of the actual working of the pit, whilst
at the same time this protective apparatus does not in any way impede the
operations of the miners or attendants. The same apparatus suitably modified
is applicable in a variety of situations where dangerous openings are to be
guarded, as, for example, to shafts or excavations of all kinds, and to the
mouths of elevators for feeding blast furnaces.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE PROCESS GENERALLY TERMED GATHERING, USED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CERTAIN KINDS OF GLASS
Year: 1857

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Anderson at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 2nd March
1857.
I, JAMES ANDERSON, of West Bromwich, in the County of Stafford, Manager,
do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE
PROCESS GENERALLY TERMED GATHERING, USED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CERTAIN
KINDS OF GLASS," to be as follows:-
The Invention refers to that process in glass making, known technically as
"gathering," by which the melted substance is taken out of the glass pot at
the end of a rod or tube through openings in the outside of the furnace
termed the "working holes." The workman who gathers the glass during
the act of doing so rests his rod or tube during a portion of the time against
the right-hand side of the "working hole:" now, it is advantageous for certain
purposes to have more than one such fulcrum or resting place towards
the right-hand side; and the object of this Invention is to provide that
desideratum by an apparatus made of iron or other suitable material attached
to the furnace in connexion with the "working hole" in such manner that
the additional fulcrum or fulcrums, for resting sideways, thus provided may be
readily removed or replaced at pleasure as required.
AN APPARATUS FOR DAY AND NIGHT ADVERTISING
Year: 1857

page_text: oy the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Greville Potter at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 13th
April 1857.
I, THOMAS GREVILLE POTTER, of 531, New Oxford Street, London, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN APPARATUS FOR DAY
AND NIGHT ADVERTISING," to be as follows:-
In the present highly competitive state of society it is desirable to make
available every means of advertising for the purpose of acquiring and
maintaining publicity.
The Invention, which I desire to secure by Letters Patent, is to enable shop-
keepers to make their shops conspicuous by night as well as by day, and to
enable them to advertise a special article, or name, or subject in a manner
well calculated to attract attention, and to give notoriety to their establish-
ments. For this purpose 1 cut or otherwise form apertures or ornamental
spaces in the shutters, doors, or facia of shops or other edifices and insert
therein glass, talc, or other transparent or semi-transparent surface, on which
the name of the subject to be advertised is to be printed, written, engraved, or
otherwise made visible. Behind this transparent surface a gas burner is to
be adjusted; and this is so constructed that the gas may be turned off by
the action of an alarum clock releasing a weight, which descends on a lever
projecting from the pipe of the burner, and by which the gas cock is turned

page_text: and the gas shut off. Instead of writing or printing on the glass or other
surface, a bill or other printed paper may be caused to adhere to it, and this
may be varied as required. Thus, when other shops are shut up, and the
names of the proprietors scarcely visible to the enquirer, the names, addresses,
and vendible articles of the users of this Invention will be conspicuous even
at a considerable distance, and this advantage cannot fail to produce the effects
desired from all advertising, notoriety and increased business. Ornamental
designs may be employed as bordering for these surfaces, or as a groundwork,
with pleasing effect, and stained glass, when used in part, and illuminated, will
give a novel and most handsome appearance to the shop.
Although this Invention is more peculiarly useful for night advertising, it
may be made available for day advertising by inserting in the spaces made for
the transparent or semi-transparent surfaces other surfaces more or less
opaque, on which may be printed, written, or engraved designs, characters,
notices, names, &c. in a style adapted for daylight; and I propose to make
these spaces or apertures so as to admit of the transposition of these two
different media of advertising in a convenient and rapid manner.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL LEATHER, OR A SUBSTITUTE FOR LEATHER
Year: 1857

page_text: (This Invention received Provisional Protection, but notice to proceed with the
application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Cowper at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 14th March
1857. A communication from Abraham Micoud, of Paris, in France.
I, CHARLES COWPER, of No. 20, Southampton Buildings, Chancery Lane,
in the County of Middlesex, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL
LEATHER, OR A SUBSTITUTE FOR LEATHER," to be as follows:-
A cloth or tissue of wool, cotton, or other fibrous material is prepared in the
following manner, so as to present a smooth surface on one side or the face,
and a soft surface on the back, like the flesh side of a piece of leather. A
composition of rye or other flour, baked or cooked, and mixed with Spanish
white or whiting and linseed oil, with or without the addition of colouring
matter, is spread upon the face of the cloth or tissue with a knife or other-
wise. The surface is afterwards polished and covered with one or more coats
of paint or colouring matter, mixed with boiled or drying oils, and thinned
with oil of turpentine. It is then again polished and varnished, if required.
The back of the tissue or fabric is then covered with one or more coats of an
adhesive composition. Boiled oil, in a syrupy state, mixed and ground with
ceruse or white lead, and thinned with oil of turpentine, is employed for this
purpose, or a solution of glue or gum, or gutta percha, or caoutchouc, or
other adhesive material may be used. The surface is then covered with powder

page_text: or dust of wool, cotton, silk, leather, or other suitable material sifted or dusted
over it. It is allowed to dry, and it is then brushed to remove the loose par-
ticles. A substance is thus obtained having the appearance and flexibility of
leather, and adapted for making hats and hat shades, for binding books, for
hangings, and other purposes for which leather is employed.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CONNECTING CARRIAGES AND WAGONS ON RAILWAYS
Year: 1857

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Archibald Brooman at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
7th July 1857. A communication from Monsieur Mouret.
I, RICHARD ARCHIBALD BROOMAN, of 166, Fleet Street, in the City of
London, E.C., Editor of the Mechanics' Magazine and Patent Agent, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
CONNECTING CARRIAGES AND WAGONS ON RAILWAYS," (communicated to me by
Monsieur Mouret, a foreigner residing abroad), to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in certain transverse connections for preventing the
oscillation of trains in motion by establishing a rigid connection laterally
throughout the train, and in providing additional longitudinal couplings.
The effect of the transverse supporting connections is to ensure and main-
tain coincidence between a central line drawn along the roof of every carriage
and an imaginary line passing above the central line of the road.
I have annexed a Drawing to shew the manner in which the transverse
connections may be constructed, but I do not limit myself to the precise form
shewn.
Figure 1 represents in side elevation a portion of the ends of two carriages;
and Figure 2, an end view of a carriage with its transverse supporting
connection, which is to interlock with a corresponding connection on the next
carriage in the train.
The additional couplings, which are to be fixed at the sides, and employed
as well as the usual central couplings, are shewn at Figure 3. Coupling chains
may then be dispensed with."