AN IMPROVED METHOD OF CONSTRUCTING SHIPS' PINTLES FOR HANGING THE RUDDER
Year: 1829

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOHN
LIHOU, of Guernsey, but now residing at the Naval Club House, Bond Street,
a Commander in His Majesty's Royal Navy, send greeting.
WHEREAS His present Majesty King George the Fourth, in and by
His Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date at
Westminster, the Fourteenth day of April, One thousand eight hundred and
twenty-nine, for Himself, His heirs and successors, did give and grant unto
me, the said John Lihou, His special licence, full power, sole privilege and
authority, that I, the said John Lihou, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, and every of them, by myself and themselves, or by my and their
deputy and deputies, servants or agents, or such others as I, the said John
Lihou, my executors, administrators, or assigns, should at any time agree with,
and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term
of years therein unexpired, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise,
and vend, within England, Wales, and the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed,
my Invention of "AN IMPROVED METHOD OF CONSTRUCTING SHIPS' PINTLES FOR
HANGING THE RUDDER;" in which said Letters Patent there is contained a
proviso, obliging me, the said John Lihou, by an instrument in writing under
my hand and seal, particularly to describe and ascertain the nature of my
said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, and to
cause the same to be inrolled in His Majesty's High Court of Chancery within
six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said recited
Letters Patent, as in and by the same, reference being thereto had, will more
fully appear.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
John Lihou, do hereby declare that the nature of my said Invention, and the
mannor in which the same is to be applied, is as follows:-
The above-named improved pintles are constructed of the same metal as is
used at present for ships' pintles, or of any metal or combination of metals
proper for the purpose. They are of two kinds, which may be distinguished
from each other by the appellations of live or hanging pintles, and dumb or
bearing or friction pintles; and-they-differ from those which have been here-
tofore-used;-by being-so-formed-and-constructed as to admit of much greater
facility of repairs, because each pintle is composed of separate parts as herein-
after described. In my improved pintles, the pin or pivot of the hanging
pintle, and the bearing stud of the bearing or friction pintle, are made separate
and detached from the remainder of the pintle, and can be taken out and put
in again at pleasure; consequently, if the pin, or pivot, or bearing stud should
become damaged or broken, it may, be taken out and renewed without
reconstructing the side brace or strap. The common or ordinary googings are
to be used in conjunction with my said improved hanging pintles, to keep the
rudder to, the stern post. "The improved hanging pintle consists of the usual
side braces or straps, furnished with bolt-holes for fastening or securing.it.to
the rudder, and the head, or boss, or mass of metal from whence its pin or
pivot projects, but instead of the pin or pivot of the pintle being cast, forged,
or formed in one piece, with such head, boss, or mass of metal, a hole must
be made through the boss to receive the pin. or pivot; which hole may be
cylindrical, oval, square, polygonal, or slightly conical, or tapered. Whatever
shape it may be, formed of, the head or upper part of the pin or pivot must be
formed of a corresponding shape, and be made to fit it tightly and without.
shake, the intention being that the pin or pivot may be firmly fixed and
rendered incapable of turning round in the boss, or of falling through it.
To insure this the more effectually, the head or upper end of the pin-or pivot
may be formed with a feather or with fins upon it, let into or countersunk in
the upper part of the boss. These pins or pivots, when so introduced from
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above into their places for use, are to be retained there, and prevented from
rising by the boss of the pintle being countersunk or let into the wood of the
rudder, which must fit, close and bear upon the pin or pivot and boss.. The
side braces or straps, and the bosses of the hanging pintles, as also the googings
or braces, should be made stronger than the pins or pivots of such pintles.
It will be seen, from this description, that any or all of these pins or pivots
may be removed, and others (which should always be ready prepared and at
hand) may be placed in their stead. To effect this, it will be unnecessary to do

page_text: more than to take off the said side braces or straps, or else to remove. a
sufficient portion of the wood of the rudder that bears upon the heads of the
said pins or pivots and bosses: My improved bearing or friction pintle consists
of similar side braces or straps and boss as the hanging pintle, and may.be
made of the same materials as I have before pointed out, and is to be
affixed to the rudder in the same manner, but instead of inserting a cylindrical
pin or pivot into the hole of the boss, as herein-before described; I introduce
a bearing stud of any hard metal or combination of metals into such hole
upwards from below. This bearing stud has a shank and a projecting head
or nob on its lower end, which I make hemispherical, parabolical, flat, or in
the form of a blunt inverted cone, and the shank that is to pass upwards into
the hole of the boss of the pintle must be so much smaller in diameter than
the said protuberance as to leave a considerable shoulder to bear against the
under side of the above-named boss; the shank that passes upwards through
that boss, and the hole that receives it, must respectively be square,.or. of such
a corresponding shape as to prevent the bearing stud from turning. therein or
for that purpose; it must have feathers or fins, as before mentioned respecting
the head of the pin or pivot of the hanging pintle. The upper end of the said
shank must pass through the boss and project a little above it, in order that it
may be there fixed by a fore-lock or cross key, or by rivetting, or by a screw,
nut, or any other sufficient means to retain it in its place, and prevent its
dropping out. The pins or pivots of the hanging pintles may be also introduced
and secured in their respective bosses in the same manner. This friction or
bearing pintle may work upon the usual googing, but in order to reduce
friction, the friction or bearing pintle must work upon a counter or inverted
friction pintle. The pin or stud of such inverted pintle is to be separate and
secured in its boss as before described, and formed either with a flat, convex,
concave, indented, or hollowed end or protuberance of hard metal, for the
purpose of receiving and supporting the under side of the corresponding
protuberance, head, or stud of the friction or bearing pintle on the rudder.
In fixing and applying these bearing or friction pintles, their respective position
the rudder and stern post should be such that the whole vertical pressure
or weight of the rudder may be thrown upon them. Two of these bearing or
friction pintles will, I conceive, be found sufficient for the rudder of a ship of
one thousand tons, though more may be used. The number of hanging pintles
may also be such as may be found necessary to secure the rudder to the stern
post. Neither are these improved pintles limited as to the place or position
they may be placed in on the stern' post and rudder, from head to heel inclusive.
The friction pintles may be placed on the stern post, and the hanging pintles on
upon

page_text: the rudder, or the hanging pintles may be attached to the stern post, and the
friction pintles to the rudder, and as many may of course be used as may,
according to the size or quality of the vessel, be required.
I mean it to be understood that my only claim under my said Invention is,
for making the pins or pivots of the hanging pintles, and the bearing studs or
heads, and the pins to which they are attached, of the bearing or friction
pintles, independent and distinct from the remainder of the pintles.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Lihou, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, the Thirtieth day of September, in the year of our Lord One.
AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the same Thirtieth day of September,
in the year above mentioned, the aforesaid John Lihou came before our Lord
the King in His Chancery, and acknowledged the Specification aforesaid, and
all and every thing therein contained, in form above written. And also the
Specification aforesaid was stamped according to the tenor of the Statute in
that case made and provided.
Inrolled the same Thirtieth day of September, in the year above written.
*WETH WH