A New or Improved Lamp for Photographic Work and for other Purposes.
Year: 1889

page_text: Date of Application, 25th Jan., 1889
Complete Specification Left, 25th Oct., 1889-Accepted, 14th Dec., 1889
DDAVCONT
A New or Improved Lamp for Photographic Work and for
other Purposes.
I, WILLIAM JAMES LANCASTER trading as J. Lancaster and Son of Colmore Row
in the City of Birmingham, Manufacturing Optician, do hereby declare the nature of
this invention to be as follows:-
-
This invention relates to an improved construction and arrangement of lamps,
principally for photographic work, although the same may be employed for other
purposes.
The said invention consists 1st in a double reflector, viz. -a primary inside
reflector, and a secondary outside one. 2ndly, in a means of retaining or holding
the said secondary reflector in an adjusted position. Brdly, in double folding panes
of ruby light, which open outwardly, and fold inwardly upon each other.
In making a lamp according to my invention, I mount a pyramidal shaped body
part upon a base or pierced support, and with the said body part surmounted by a
perforated lantern or cowl, through the piercings of which, the products of combustion
of the lamp outwardly pass.
The open front of the lantern, is enclosed by two ruby panes or lights, respectively
of about the area of the said open front, and are so arranged, that when in use, they
fold and lie flat light tight, one upon another.
Thus, the No. 1 ruby light is hinged close to one side of the open front, and folds
flat to its boundary edging, whilst the other or secondary ruby light is hinged
crank like to the other side of the said open front, and is arranged to fold over upon,
and flat to the No. 1 light as aforesaid.
To near the top of the open front, the combined reflector and lid is jointed, and
moves vertically, and flap like, over the ruby lights as aforesaid; so that light
radiating from the lamp, falls upon the reflector, which depends at an angle, and is
from thence reflected downwards upon an object as may be required. This over-
hanging reflector is provided with a stiff joint, so that it may rest when adjusted at
any angle.
The affixing after adjustment of the secondary reflector, may be accomplished by a
forked or slotted arm, directed from the top of it, and embracing the stem of a
headed screw, which when turned home, clamps the arm in the said reflector's
adjusted position.
The secondary reflector also prevents the rays of light from passing upwards into
the operators eyes in developing or manipulating a photographic negative.
The purpose of the double ruby panes, is that an operator can decrease or intensify
the ruby light at pleasure.
The primary reflector is mounted upon and at the back of the oil tank or reservoir,
which is preferably placed in position, by a sliding movement; that the removal of
the tank and burner, carried by it, takes away with them the said reflector.
The wick winder axis is connected to the outside, by a detachable clutch arrange-
ment, consisting of an outside milled head, whose neck passes inwardly to a clutch or
fork, wherein a crutch end of the said winder axis passes, when the tank is in
position.
Thus, when the tank is removed, the crutch end of the winder axis is taken from
the fork or clutch of the turn, and when the tank is placed in position, the winder
axis and turn are as one, and rotate together.
The back of the lamp is preferably made to slope pyramidally more than the sides,
and upon which said back, a handle or handles is or are secured.

page_text: It may be further observed that the lid encloses the front when closed upon it,
and that the primary reflector may be made detachable from the lamp, or from the
tank, so as to admit of being readily cleaned.
Dated this Twenty fourth day of January 1889.
WILLIAM JAMES LANCASTER.
By Henry Skerrett,
Agent for Applicant.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
A New or Improved Lamp for Photographic Work and for
other Purposes.
I WILLIAM JAMES LANCASTER trading as J. Lancaster and Son of Colmore Row
in the City of Birmingham Manufacturing Optician do hereby declare the nature of
this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
This invention relates to an improved construction and arrangement of lamp, for
photographic work, although the same may be employed for other purposes.
The said invention consists 1st of an inside and outside reflector. 2ndly in
clamping means of retaining or holding the said secondary reflector in any
determinate or adjusted position. 3rdly, in double folding panes of ruby or other
colored lights, which open outwardly, and fold inwardly upon each other and thereby
close the open front of the lamp.
In making a lamp according to my invention, I mount a pyramidal shaped body
-part, upon a base or pierced support, and with the said body part surmounted by a
perforated distensible chimney or lantern cowl, through the piercings of which, the
products of combustion of the lamp outwardly pass.
The open front of the lantern is enclosed by two ruby or other desired colored
panes or lights, respectively of about the area of the said open front, and which
lights are so arranged that when in use they fold and lie flat, or nearly flat and
light tight, one upon another, and upon the open front.
Thus the No. 1 ruby light is hinged close to one side of the open front, and
folds flat to its boundary edging, whilst the other or secondary ruby light is hanged
crank like to the other side of the said open front, and in manner as to fold over and
upon, and nearly flat, to the No. 1 light as aforesaid.
Jointed a little above the top of the open front, is a combined screen-reflector
and lid so jointed as to move vertically and flap like, above the ruby lights as
aforesaid; so that light upwardly radiating from the lamp falls upon the reflector,
and is from thence directed downwards upon the object as may be required. This
angular moving reflector is provided with a stiff joint, or an arm securing device
and when secured the rays of light are prevented from passing upwards into the
operator's eyes, in developing or manipulating, photographic negatives.
The purpose of the double ruby panes is that an operator can decrease or intensify
the ruby light at pleasure.
The inside reflector, which is of an upright parabolic figures, is mounted at the
back of the burner, fitting within the top of the oil tank, whilst the bottom of the
lamp is open but screened off means for intercepting light.
The wick winder axis is operated from the outside of the lamp walls by a detachable
clutch arrangement and turn.
Thus, when the burner is removed, the crutch end of the wick winder axis is
taken from the fork of the clutch.
The back and sides of the lamp are made to slope pyramidally downwards, whilst
the front is vertical or nearly so.
Figure 1 of the accompanying drawings, represents in side elevation, a lamp for
photographic work, constructed and arranged, according to my invention. The said
lamp which is designated by me, "Rubralux" is provided with, inside and outside
reflectors, double ruby, or orange colored panes, used individually or together, so

page_text: that the depth of color of light is or may be intensified or rarified, as may be
desired; and further the said lamp contains other important features, as hereinafter
fully exemplified.
Figure 2 represents a transverve vertical section of the same, showing how the
double ruby panes or lights, lie light-tight one upon another, or the outer one lies
upon the inner one; and also how the said lights are enclosed, by a combined shutter
and screen reflector when the lamp is not in use.
Figure 3 represents partly in vertical section, and partly in side elevation, the
said lamp, but with the combined screen-reflector and lid elevated to a position, that
the upwardly diverging rays of light, incident upon its plane reflecting underside, is
directed downwards upon the work requiring to be seen, and at the same time,
screening the said rays of light from the operator's eyes.
The said figure 3, shows the open front of lamp, enclosed by a single ruby-pane.
Figure 4 shows a topside plan of figure 3, thus exhibiting the top side of the
combined screen reflector and lid, and also the outer ruby light, turned back from
over the front, of the inner one.
Figure 5 represents a horizontal section, on the dotted lines A B figure 2, showing
the inner and parabolic reflector, carried at the back of the burner, or the tank
carrying the burner.
Figure 6 shows the lamp in front elevation with the outside ruby-pane, turned
outwardly.
Figure 7 shows the open front of the lamp uncovered, when it is required for white
light.
The same letters of reference indicate corresponding parts in the several figures
of the drawings.
a is the body of the lamp, containing within its base, which is open at bottom,
and marked a³, a fixed oil tank b, which supplies oil to a burner 6, fitted within the
open top of a pillar, leading to it. Oil is fed to the said tank, by a spout or
conduit 62 whose outer and open end, is enclosed by a stopper 6³.
Mounted at the back of the said burner, is a parabolic reflector C, which has a
depending tongue piece C² adapted to fit within a socket & carried upon the said
burner.
The wick winder axis 6', which is extended right through the body of the burner,
forms means for affixing the burner to the pillar of the tank, by coming under hook
connections 68, on the said pillar.
The winder axis is connected to an outside turn d, by a clutch (see figures 5 and 7);
thus, the end of the burner winder axis 68, has a crutch or flat end 6, which fits
within the fork of a clutch d², whose neck ³, passes through one of the side walls
of the lamp, or a sleeve bearing, fitted in it.
The open bottom of the lamp, partially enclosed by an inclined platform bottom a³,
directed from the back, to the pillar of the tank, and with a space between its
front edge, and that of the top of the tank, so that air gains free access for
combustion through the said open bottom, which is adapted to intercept the light
of the lamp.
The body a, of the lamp, is arranged perpendicularly on its front side, and
obliquely on its back side, and with the said oblique back a', slanting from the
chimney as to the base a²; the chimney a³, has a telescopic and side pierced cowl
or cap a which admits of extension or contraction, as may be desired, and also
intercepts light from the lamp, but allows free egress, of the products of combustion
given off from the burner.
The front of the lamp, is enclosed by a combined lid, and screen reflector e,
whose inner side e², is made into a plane reflecting surface, which reflects down-
wards, the upward diverging raised incident upon the said plane reflection.
Attached to the said screen reflector, which is hinged or jointed flapwise at e³, to
the upper part of the lamp, above the open front a', is a jointed and slotted arm e¹,
with a clamping screw pin e, taking through the said slot of it; so that the shutter,

page_text: when used as a reflector, can be affixed or clamped in any position, as may be
desired, although the joint of the said lid, which is nothing more than a flap shutter,
may be provided with a stiff joint, instead of the slotted arm and clamping screw
(see figures 1 and 4).
The open front a', of the lamp, is enclosed by double frames f, g, hinged at 2
and g², respectively, to the opposite sides of the lamp, and with the jointed sides of
the said frames, cranked or projected at ƒ³, ³, to admit of the said frames, which are
glazed with ruby colored panes or glasses, or orange glasses or panes, or a ruby and
an orange pane, opening out clear of the sides of the said open front, and when
closed, the said open front shall be perfectly light-tight.
The ruby or other colored glass or panes, are marked respectively ƒ* g^.
closed, the said open front shall be perfectly light-tight.
The ruby or other colored glass or panes, are marked respectively ƒª g‘.
Folding handles h, are arranged at the back of the lamp.
Having now particularly described, and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is-
:-
First. Providing or enclosing the open fronts of lamps, for photographic work,
with two, or more ruby and orange coloured panes or lights, which admit of being
used independently, or collectively, for the purpose, substantially as described and set
forth.
Secondly. Making the hinged sides, of the carrying frames of ruby or orange
lights, referred to in the preceding claim, stand away flange or crank like from
the sides of lamp, to which they are hinged, so as to admit of the said lights folding
upon each other, when closed, and opening out, free of the open front of the lamp,
or of the frame or frames of the inner light or lights, substantially as described and
set forth.
Thirdly. Providing lamps employed in photographic work, as described, with a
screen reflector, jointed to the top of the lamp, and adapted to be employed as a
reflector and screen, when open, and as a lid for enclosing the front of the lamp, and
cognate parts of it, when closed, substantially as described and set forth.
Fourthly. Affixing the combined screen reflector and lid, in a screening and
reflecting position, by means of a jointed and slotted arm, and clamping screw,
substantially as described and set forth.
Fifthly. Providing the interior or back inside of the lamp, with an upright
parabolic reflector, or an upright reflector of the figure of a parabola, in cross section,
subtantially as described and set forth.
Sixthly Providing lamps as described, with open bottoms, or bottoms partially
enclosed by the oil tank and a platform partition, whereby air for promoting com-
bustion, is admitted, and light from the lamp, intercepted, substantially as described
and set forth.
Seventhly. Operating the wick winder spindle from without by a clutch or
connection, substantially as described and set forth.
Eighthly. The construction and arrangement of the parts of lamps, for photo-
graphic, and other work, substantially as described and set forth.
Dated this 24th day of October 1880
WILLIAM JAMES LANCASTER.
By Henry Skerrett,
Agent for Applicant.
WILLIAM JAMES LANCASTER.
By Henry Skerrett,
Agent for Applicant.