IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM HAMMERS
Year: 1864

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Edward Hamer Carbutt, of the Vulcan Iron Works,
Bradford, in the County of York, Engineer, and William Cutts, of the
same Place, Manager, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM
HAMMERS."
Sealed the 3rd January 1865, and dated the 8th July 1864.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Edward Hamer Carbutt
and William Cutts at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 8th July 1864.
We, EDWARD HAMER CARBUTT, of the Vulcan Iron Works, Bradford, in
the County of York, Engineer, and WILLIAM CUTTS, of the same Place,
Manager, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN STEAM HAMMERS," to be as follows:-
Our Invention relates to the framing or standards of steam hammers, and
consists in one instance of the construction of the hammer framing in one
entire piece, and the general design and construction with a circular or other
shaped tup; and in the other instance our Invention relates to the construc-
tion of the framing or standards of the hammer of a diagonal metal structure,
which may be made of three or more pillars, or they may be very materially
modified and still retain the essential features and strength of a diagonally
supporting structure up to the cylinder or the plate upon which the cylinder
inay rest, or securing the whole bodily for the purpose of gaining the utmost
stability.

page_text: Our Invention also further relates to the use of a variable floor line, and
also to the use of bottom pallets of unusual thickness, whereby the full length
of the stroke can be obtained for small or larger objects, and not as now,
when a large object is placed under the hammer, a considerable portion of the
stroke being lost or unavailable when most wanted.
Our Invention also relates to the application of a stage for the attendant,
between two supports so constructed with metal and glass framing that whilst
he has a full view of the work upon the anvil he is at the same time protected
in his person and eyesight.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Edward Hamer Carbutt and William Cutts in the Great
Seal Patent Office on the 7th January 1865.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, EDWARD
HAMER CARBUTT, of the Vulcan Iron Works, Bradford, in the County of
York, Engineer, and WILLIAM CUTTS, of the same Place, Manager, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Eighth day of July, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and sixty-four, in the twenty-eighth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto us, the
said Edward Hamer Carbutt and William Cutts, Her special license that we,
the said Edward Hamer Carbutt and William Cutts, our executors, adminis-
trators, and assigns, or such others as we, the said Edward Hamer Carbutt
and William Cutts, our executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any
time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times there-
after during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make,
use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN STEAM HAMMERS," upon the condition (amongst others) that we, the
said Edward Hamer Carbutt and William Cutts, our executors or adminis-
trators, by an instrument in writing under our, or their, or one of our or
their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature
of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed,
and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within
six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said Edward Hamer Carbutt and William
Cutts, do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement (that is to say):-
Our Invention relates to the framing or standards of steam hammers, and
consists, first, in constructing the hammer framing in one entire piece, and in
making a circular or other shaped tup or hammer head to work up and down
in a cylindrical or other shaped chamber forming part of the framing;
secondly, in constructing the framing or standards of steam hammers of a
diagonal metal structure, which may be made of three or more pillars, or the
framing may be very materially modified and still retain the essential features
and strength of a diagonally, supporting structure up to the cylinder or the
plate upon which the cylinder rests; thirdly, in the use of a variable floor line
and of bottom pallets of unusual thickness, whereby the full length of the
stroke can be obtained for small or large objects, whereas at present, when a
large object is placed under the hammer, a considerable portion of the stroke
is lost or unavailable when most wanted; and, fourthly, in the application of
a stage for the attendant, placed between two supports and constructed with
metal and glass framing, so that whilst he has a full view of the work upon
the anvil he is at the same time protected from the heat.
And in order that our Invention may be fully understood and readily carried
into operation, we will proceed to describe the four accompanying Sheets of
Drawings, reference being had to the figures and letters marked thereon.
On Sheet 1, Fig. 1 is a front elevation; Fig. 2, an edge view; Fig. 3, a
plan; Fig. 4, a vertical section; Fig. 5, a transverse section; and Fig. 6, a
horizontal section of a steam hammer constructed according to our-Invention.
a is the framing or standard, consisting of one entire casting, which is
cored out to leave the requisite thickness of metal at the sides and edges; the
two wings of the standard are united by the cylinder b, in which the cylin-
drical tup or hammer head c is worked up and down by the steam cylinder d.
We wish to observe that we do not limit ourselves to making the hammer
head, and the chamber within which it works, cylindrical, as they may be of
various other shapes, but we prefer the shape shewn as being the most
economical in the construction. The cylinder d is connected to the upper part
of the standard by bosses and bridles e, and the valves and levers for admitting
steam to the cylinder d and shutting it off are clearly shewn in the Drawing,
but form no part of our present Invention.
On Sheet 2, Fig. 7 is an elevation, and Fig. 8 a plan, of a steam hammer
constructed according to our improvements. On Sheet 3. Fig. 9 is a side

page_text: In Figs. 7, 8, and 9, the
tubular pillars f, made of
rivets, or cast-iron tubes
The base of the pillars
secured to the side
The pillars f are
elevation of the steam hammer shewn on Sheet 2.
framing or standards consist of the three diagonal
plates of wrought iron connected by angle irons and
may be substituted for the wrought-iron ones shewn.
are bolted to the foundation plates g, and above they are
plates h, between which the steam cylinder d is fixed.
united and strengthened by the horizontal stays k, and the tup or hammer
head c is shaped and guided as usual. We would observe here that in some
cases it may be preferable to apply more than three diagonal pillars to support
the cylinder, and that the details may be otherwise modified without departing
from the peculiar feature of this part of our Invention, the result of which is
the combination of strength and easy access to the object on the anvil. The
valve levers are worked by the attendant standing on the stage or platform i,
supported between two of the pillars f; and in order to protect the attendant
from the heat of the bloom or article that is being forged, a glass is placed at
j, which intercepts the rays of heat without obstructing the sight.
On Sheet 4, Fig. 10 is a front elevation, with the foundation in section, of
a steam hammer similar to that shewn on Sheets 2 and 3; Fig. 11 is a side
elevation of the same with the foundation in section; Fig. 12 is a plan of the
foundation, and Fig. 13 a plan of the whole hammer and foundation. The
anvil block is made as usual, and to it is keyed the bottom pallet or anvil
m. Several of these bottom pallets are provided to each anvil block, and the
depth of the block m is varied in proportion to the thickness of the forging
under operation, so that the length of the stroke of the hammer head may in
all cases be equal, or nearly so. When a comparatively small article is under
the hammer, as shewn at p, the block m is proportionately deep, and when a
large article, such as that shewn at q, is under the hammer, the block m must
be of less depth, so that the bammer head or tup at all times may have the
same downward stroke. In hammers of the ordinary construction, when a
large object is to be operated upon, a considerable portion of the stroke is lost
or unavailable when most force is required. The plates n fill up the space
within the foundation plate o, the floor line being level with the top of the
plate o. The forgeman would generally occupy the space under the stage i,
on which the hammer driver stands, consequently the hammer driver can
conveniently hear the directions of the forgeman. In large steam hammers
of the present construction great inconvenience is felt from the large amount
of floor space they occupy, thus greatly obstructing the workmen, and often
compelling the forgeman to be exposed to intense heat until he is unable to
endure it. Now according to our improvements the forgeman can select his

page_text: distance from the article under operation and still keep it in his line of vision,
thus enabling him to withstand the heat until the article is ready to be again
put in the furnace or until the forging is complete.
Having thus stated the nature of our Invention, and described the manner
of performing the same, we declare that we claim,―
First, constructing the framing of steam hammers of one entire piece of
cast iron, hollowed out to combine strength with comparative lightness, as
described.
Secondly, constructing the framing or standards of steam hammers with
three or more diagonal tubular pillars to support the steam cylinder, as
described.
Thirdly, the application of anvils or bottom pallets of various thicknesses
for the purpose described.
Fourthly, the application of glass to protect the operator from the heat of
the article under operation.
And, lastly, the general combinations and arrangements of steam hammers
shewn and described.
In witness whereof, we, the said Edward Hamer Carbutt and William
Cutts, have hereunto set our hands and seals, the Third day of
January, One thousand eight hundred and sixty-five.
Witness to both signatures,
JOSEPH HARRISON.
E. H. CAкBUTT.
(L.8.)
WILLIAM CUTTS. (LS.)