Improvements in Apparatus for Grinding or Sharpening the Teeth of Card Filleting.
Year: 1897

page_text: Date of Application, 31st July, 1897
Complete Specification Left, 30th Apr., 1898-Accepted, 4th June, 1898
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Apparatus for Grinding or Sharpening the Teeth
of Card Filleting.
I, JAMES DRONSFIELD, of the Firm of Dronsfield Brothers Limited, of the Atlas
Works, Oldham, in the County of Lancaster, Card Grinding Machine Makers, do
hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
My said invention relates to improvements in apparatus for grinding or sharpen-
ing the teeth of card filleting and refers to that class of apparatus known as
"plough grinding" in which the rows of teeth are opened out by means of ploughs
for the insertion of revolving emery grinding discs.
In an apparatus constructed in accordance with my invention I provide a bed
or table carried by suitable standards, upon which the filleting is conducted to
the ploughs and grinding discs. I conduct the filleting to the ploughs between
two guides resting upon the bed or table. These guides are carried by a sliding
spindle and are adjustable thereon to accommodate varying widths of filleting.
I also provide means whereby I am enabled mechanically to traverse the filleting
laterally across the bed at the commencement of each grinding operation so that
the ploughs are conducted with certainty and precision between the rows of dents
until the whole of the rows of card teeth have been ground. To effect this the
sliding spindle carrying the guides between which the filleting is conducted to
the ploughs, is secured at one end to a boss. A screw within the interior of the
boss is mounted to revolve in bearings carried by a bracket or other part secured
to the bed of the apparatus, and a pin in the boss engages with the screw. A lever
carrying a pawl is mounted loosely upon the axis of the screw and the pawl
engages with a toothed wheel secured to the axis of the screw.
The number of teeth upon the wheel is equal to the number of rows of teeth per
inch across the width of the card filleting. As this varies in the different descrip-
tions of card filleting I employ change wheels to correspond.
The pitch of the screw is so proportioned that one complete revolution of the
toothed wheel will traverse the card filleting across the bed of the apparatus to
the extent of one inch. As several grinding discs are used it is not however
found necessary in practice to traverse the filleting to this extent. The play of
the lever is limited by stops so that when operating the lever the toothed wheel
is actuated by the pawl to the extent of one tooth only. The screw is revolved
by means of the toothed wheel, traversing the boss mounted thereon and with it
the sliding spindle to which are secured the guides. Thus by operating the lever
at the commencement of each grinding operation the guides conducting the
filleting to the ploughs are traversed across the bed of the apparatus to an extent
sufficient to enable the ploughs to enter the neighbouring rows of teeth and so on
until the whole width of the filleting has been ground.
By these means it will be observed that no further care or attention on the
part of the operator on commencing the grinding of a fresh furrow, is necessary
beyond operating the lever and feeding the filleting to the ploughs.

page_text: The pawl is loosely pivotted to the lever and is adapted to engage with either
side of the toothed wheel, so that the traverse of guides across the bed plate may
be reversed.
The grinding discs of consolidated emery or the like, are mounted upon a drum
or pulley keyed to a shaft adapted to revolve in suitable bearings formed in a
headstock secured to the framing.
The grinding discs, preferably five in number although any suitable number
may be employed, are accurately separated or spaced a suitable distance apart by
metallic packing rings and secured firmly in position upon the periphery of the
drum by means of a nut. The bearing of the shaft carrying the grinding discs
is adjustable vertically in the headstock by means of a screw engaging with a
nut formed in the bearing and actuated by means of a handwheel or the like.
The grinding discs can thus be adjusted to any required depth in the rows of
card teeth. The grinding discs are driven by means of a pulley mounted upon
the grinding disc shaft which receives motion by means of a belt from the driving
shaft of the apparatus on which are mounted a fast and loose pulley to provide for
the starting and stopping of the apparatus.
The ploughs disposed beneath the grinding discs are carried by a bracket or
bridge extending across the bed of the apparatus. The ploughs are mounted upon
a screwed spindle carried by the bridge and are spaced apart by suitable washers
to accurately correspond to the centres of the edges of the grinding discs. As it
is essential when working that the points of the ploughs should be disposed accu-
rately in line with the edges of the revolving grinding discs, the screwed spindle
on which they are mounted is made adjustable by means of suitable nuts.
By operating the nuts the requisite adjustment is easily obtained. To readily
provide for the passage of the varying thicknesses of card clothing beneath the
ploughs I mount the bridge carrying the ploughs in sliding bearings, and resting
upon an adjusting screw.
By operating this screw the bridge may be adjusted vertically thus raising
or lowering the ploughs as desired.
The ploughs are formed at their upper portion immediately above the spindle
on which they are threaded, with a straight part which bears against an abutment
formed on the bridge.
This effectually overcomes any tendency to oscillation of the ploughs upon the
spindle.
I will now describe the method of drawing the card filleting through the
apparatus whilst it is being ground.
At one end of the apparatus behind the revolving grinding discs I mount a
pulley in suitable bearings formed in brackets bolted to the frame. The peri-
phery of this pulley is covered with leather or other suitable resilient material.
The pulley is driven at a reduced speed from the driving shaft, any suitable
reducing motion being employed. Two pullies carried by hanging brackets are
disposed, one above the driven pulley and the other below. The upper pulley
is adapted to revolve in bearings formed in the bracket carrying the driven pulley.
The upper and lower pullies are connected together by a belt which is also in
contact with the driven pulley. The lower ends of the hanging brackets are con-
nected to springs secured to the frame of the apparatus, the constant tendency of
the springs being to keep the belt in frictional contact with the driven pulley.
Motion is thus imparted to the belt. The end of the filleting as it leaves the
grinding discs is conducted between the belt and the driven pulley, where it is
gripped and carried partly around the pulley from whence it can fall into a
suitable receptacle.
The filleting is thus drawn through the apparatus without further attention
on the part of the operator.
By varying the speed of the driven pulley the speed of traverse of the filleting
and consequently the grinding action of the discs may be varied. As both the
points of the teeth and the back of the filleting are in contact with a yielding

page_text: surface as it is being drawn through the apparatus by the pulley and belt, no
injury is inflicted upon the filleting. The teeth are uninjured and are maintained
in their proper positions in the foundation.
To expedite the grinding of the filleting two or more headstocks carrying
revolving grinding dises may be employed in the apparatus, so that the filleting
need not be passed through so often.
Improvements in Apparatus for Grinding or Sharpening the Teeth
of Card Filleting.
I, JAMES DRONSFIELD, of the Firm of Dronsfield Brothers Limited, of the Atlas
Works, Oldham, in the County of Lancaster, Card Grinding Machine Makers, do
hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to
be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement and accompanying drawings:-
My said invention relates to improvements in apparatus for grinding or sharpen-
ing the teeth of card filleting and refers to that class of apparatus known as
plough grinding" in which the rows of teeth are opened out by means of
ploughs for the insertion of revolving emery grinding discs.
And in order that my said invention may be fully understood I have attached
hereto three sheets of illustrative drawings to which I will refer.
Fig. 1 shows a side elevation of my improved apparatus for grinding card
filleting.
Fig. 2 is a sectional end elevation of the same whilst Figs. 3 to 13 are views of
detail parts of the apparatus drawn to a larger scale.
My improved apparatus is provided with a bed or table A supported by suitable
end standards B B.
The filleting is placed upon the bed A and conducted to the ploughs and grinding
discs. I conduct the filleting to the ploughs between two guides a a resting upon
the bed or table A shown more clearly in Figs. 2 to 4. Figs. 3 and 4 show to
an enlarged scale the method of guiding the card filleting. The guides a a are.
secured adjustably upon a spindle 6 by means of screws 61, to accommodate varying
widths of card filleting. I provide means whereby I am enabled to mechanically
traverse the filleting laterally across the bed A at the commencement of each
grinding operation so that the ploughs may enter with certainty and precision
between the rows of dents until the whole of the rows of card teeth have been
ground. To effect this the spindle b is secured at one end to a boss c. A screw c¹
within the interior of the boss is mounted to revolve in bearings provided in a
bracket bolted to the bed A of the apparatus, and a forked pin d' engages with
the screw c. The forked pin d' is maintained in engagement with the screw c¹
by means of a compressed spring d².
A lever e carrying the pawl el is mounted loosely upon the axis of the screw c¹
and the pawl el engages with a toothed wheel f secured to the axis of the screw c¹.
The screw c¹ is formed with a reduced extension 2 which extension is formed
or provided with a key engaging with a recess in the boss of the toothed wheel f.

page_text: A hand wheel f¹ is also similarly mounted upon the extension c² and a milled
nut secures the whole upon the extension c
The number of teeth upon the wheel f is equal to the number of rows of teeth
per inch across the width of the card filleting. As this varies in the different de-
scriptions of card filleting I employ change wheels to correspond. When it is neces-
sary to change the toothed wheelf the milled nut f2 is removed when the hand
wheel and toothed wheel f can be readily slipped off the extension and another
toothed wheel having the requisite number of teeth be placed upon the extension c³.
The pitch of the screw c is so proportioned that one complete revolution of the
toothed wheelf will traverse the card filleting across the bed of the apparatus to
the extent of one inch. As several grinding discs are used it is not however
found necessary in practice to traverse the filleting to this extent. The play of
the lever e is limited by stops c² e so that when operating the lever e the toothed
wheel is actuated by the pawl e¹ to the extent of one tooth only for each stroke
of the lever e.
The screw c¹ is revolved by means of the toothed wheel f, traversing
the boss c mounted thereon and with it the spindle 6 to which are secured the
guides a a. The outer end of the spindle b slides in bearings. provided by a
bracket secured to the bed A.
Thus by operating the lever e at the commencement of each grinding operation
the guides a a conducting the filleting to the ploughs are traversed across the bed
of the apparatus to an extent sufficient to enable the ploughs to enter the neigh-
bouring rows of teeth and so on until the whole width of the filleting has
been ground.
By these means it will be observed that no further care or attention on the part
of the operator on commencing the grinding of a fresh furrow, is necessary beyond
operating the lever and feeding the filleting to the ploughs.
The pawl is loosely pivotted to the lever and is adapted to engage with either
side of the toothed wheel, so that the traverse of the guides a a across the bed
plate may be reversed.
By disengaging the pawl e from the toothed wheel f,
the guides a a may be readily returned to their initial starting point by means
of the hand wheel f¹.
The grinding discs C of consolidated emery or the like, are mounted upon a
drum or pulley h keyed or secured by means of a screw to a shaft h¹ adapted to
revolve in suitable bearings carried by a headstock D secured to the framing.
Figs. 78 and 9 show more particularly the arrangement of headstock and grinding
discs.
The grinding discs C preferably four in number although any suitable number
may be employed are accurately separated or spaced a suitable distance apart by
metallic packing rings and secured firmly in position upon the periphery of
the drum by means of a nut h². The bearing j of the shaft h¹ carrying the
grinding discs C is adjustable vertically in the headstock D by means of a screw j¹
engaging with a nut formed in the bearing j and actuated by means of a hand
wheel as clearly shown in Figs. 7 and 8. The grinding discs can thus be
adjusted to any required depth in the rows of card teeth. The grinding discs C
are driven by means of a pulley k mounted upon the grinding disc shaft h¹ which
receives motion by means of a belt from a driving pulley mounted upon the
driving shaft of the apparatus on which are also mounted a fast and loose
pulley to provide for the starting and stopping of the apparatus.
A hand lever 12 to which is connected the bélt shifter is provided as shown
in Figs. 1 and 2.
The ploughs E disposed beneath the grinding discs C are carried by a
bracket or bridge F extending across the bed A of the apparatus. The ploughs E
are shown to an enlarged scale in Figs. 5 and 6. The ploughs E are mounted
upon a screwed spindle m carried by the bridge F and are spaced apart by suitable
washers m¹ to accurately correspond to the centres of the edges of the grinding
discs C. As it is essential when working that the points of the ploughs should be

page_text: disposed accurately in line with the edges of the revolving grinding discs C, the
screwed spindle m on which they are mounted is made adjustable by means of
suitable nuts m² m².
By operating the nuts m³ the requisite adjustment is easily obtained. To
readily provide for the passage of the varying thicknesses of card clothing beneath
the ploughs EI mount the bridge F carrying the ploughs in vertical sliding
bearings formed in the side of the bed A and resting upon an adjusting screw m³.
By slackening the bolt m which secures the bridge to the bed A of the
apparatus and operating this screw m³ the bridge F may be adjusted vertically
thus raising or lowering the ploughs as desired.
The ploughs are formed at their upper portion immediately above the spindle m
on which they are threaded with a straight part which bears against an abut-
ment F formed on the bridge.
This effectually overcomes any tendency of the ploughs to oscillate upon the
spindle m.
I will now describe the method of drawing the card filleting through the
apparatus whilst it is being ground.
At one end of the apparatus behind the revolving grinding discs C I mount a
pulley in suitable bearings formed in brackets ¹ bolted to the frame. The
periphery of the pulley is covered with leather or other suitable resilient material.
The pulley is driven at a reduced speed from the driving shaft 1, any suitable
reducing motion being employed. The reducing gear which I prefer to use
however will be hereafter described. Two pullies oo carried by hanging brackets o
are disposed, one above the driven pulley n and the other below. One of the
hanging brackets o' is shown to an enlarged scale in Fig. 10. The upper pulley
is adapted to revolve in bearings formed in the brackets n¹ carrying the driven
pulley n (see Fig. 11). The upper and lower pullies oo are connected together
by a belt o which is also in contact with the driven pulley, n. The lower ends
of the hanging brackets o¹ are connected to springs o secured to the frame of
the apparatus, the constant tendency of the springs being to keep the belt in
frictional contact with the driven pulley. Motion is thus imparted to the belt.,
The end of the filleting as it leaves the grinding discs C is conducted between the
belt and the driven pulley n, where it is gripped and carried partly around
the pulley n from whence it can fall into a suitable receptacle.
The filleting is thus drawn through the apparatus without further attention on
the part of the operator.
The reduced speed of the driven pulley n is obtained as follows and is a modi-
fication of the reducing gear described in the Specification of my Letters Patent
No. 10168 of 1892. This is more particularly illustrated in Figs. 11 to 13.
The driven pulley n is formed with internal spur teeth and is mounted loosely
upon the shaft P which revolves in bearings formed in the brackets n¹. Upon
the shaft is keyed a pulley p driven by means of a belt 23 from a pulley p
mounted upon the driving shaft of the apparatus (see Figs. 1 and 2). Keyed
to the shaft is a double excentric q q¹. An externally spur wheel r is mounted
loosely upon the excentric q and a disc is also mounted loosely upon the
excentric q. To the disc rare secured two studs 23 arranged diametrically
opposite to each other, the projecting head of the stud 2 engaging with ways s
formed in the face of the toothed wheel r and shown in dotted lines in Fig. 12.
The other oppositely projecting head of the stud 3 engages with corresponding
ways s formed in one of the brackets n¹ and shown more clearly in Fig. 13. The
difference in the number of teeth in the internal toothed pulley n and the toothed
wheel r determines the speed of the pulley n.
In the example shown in Fig. 11 I will assume that the internal teeth of the
pulley n exceed by two the number of teeth in the wheel r. On the revolution
of the shaft p the wheel r and disc r¹ are not revolved being loose upon the
excentrics and prevented from revolving by the studs. The action of
the excentric q upon the loose wheel r causes the wheel r to be raised up and

page_text: down and oscillated upon the head of the stud 2 so that for every revolution of
the shaft p the pulley n is revolved to the extent of two teeth.
As the toothed wheel r is raised and lowered the stud r2 slides in the ways s
nearer to and further from the axis of the shaft p and an irregular motion would
be imparted to the pulley n unless some compensatory device were used.
The compensation is provided by the disc which is mounted upon the
excentric q. The excentric q has only half the throw of the excentric q, and
as the studs are placed diametrically opposite to each other, when one is
approaching the axis of the shaft p the other is receding therefrom. By these
means when the excentric g would tend to oscillate the toothed wheel r more quickly
the disc is being oscillated more slowly, and the two variations balance each
other so as to produce a regular driving of the internally toothed pulley n.
By varying the speed of the driven pulley n the speed of traverse of the filleting
and consequently the grinding action of the discs may be varied. It will be
noted that both the points of the teeth and the back of the filleting are in contact
with a yielding surface as the filleting is being drawn through the apparatus by
the pulley and belt and therefore no injury is inflicted upon the filleting. The
teeth are uninjured and are maintained in their proper positions in the foundation.
I will now shortly describe the action of my improved apparatus.
The end of the filleting is placed upon the bed of the apparatus and the
guides a a adjusted to the width of the filleting.
A toothed wheelf with a number of teeth corresponding to the number of rows
of card teeth per inch of the filleting is secured upon the reduced portion c² of
the screw c as described. A trought (see Fig. 2) secured to the frame of the
apparatus forms a convenient receptacle for the change wheels if when not in use.
The operator then starts the grinding discs and the pull off motion by means
of the lever of the belt shifter 3 and conducts the filleting to the ploughs and
grinding discs, and from thence to the pull off motion. This motion then suffices
to pull the length of filleting through the apparatus. From the pull off motion
the filleting may fall into a receptacle or may be wound upon a suitable reel.
Where such a reel is employed the same may be driven from a pulley u mounted
upon the extended boss of the driven pulley n as shown in Fig. 11. The length
of filleting having been drawn through the apparatus it is again placed between
the guides a a which are traversed laterally across the bed, of the apparatus by
operating the toothed wheelf by means of the lever e as described so that the
ploughs enter the neighbouring rows of teeth in the card filleting, and so on until
the rows of teeth in the full width of the filleting have been ground.
To expedite the grinding of the filleting two or more headstocks carrying re-
volving grinding discs may be employed in the apparatus, so that the filleting
need not be passed through so often.
Fig. 1 of the drawings shows in dotted lines the centres of an auxiliary head-
stock, ploughs and traversing motion for the guides a a. In this case the grinding
discs are driven by means of a band from a second driving pulley on the driving
shaft shown in Fig. 2 of the drawings.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim is:
1) The improved apparatus for grinding the teeth of card filleting, constructed
arranged and acting in the manner and substantially as described and shown.
2) In apparatus of the indicated nature the arrangement and combination of
parts comprising the adjustable guides a a and means for traversing the same
across the bed of the apparatus in the manner and for the purpose substantially
as described and more particularly illustrated in Figs. 3 and 4 of the drawings.
3) In apparatus of the indicated nature the pull off motion for drawing the
filleting through the apparatus consisting of the pullies o o carried in hanging

page_text: brackets, the pullies oo being connected together by an endless band receiving
motion from the elastic contact with a driven pulley the periphery of which is
covered with leather or other suitable resilient material, the card filleting being
conducted between and gripped by the yielding surfaces of the endless band and
driven pulley so that the filleting is drawn uninjured through the apparatus
substantially as described and shown.
ated this 29th day of April 1898.
For the Applicant,
E. K. DUTTON & Co.,
Chartered Patent Agents, 5, John Dalton Street, Manchester