matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN COLOURED AND LEAD PENCILS, AND IN THE METHOD AND MATERIALS FOR MANUFACTURING THE SAME
Year: 1878

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Frank Wirth, of the Firm of Wirth and Company, Patent
Solicitors, at Frankfort-on-the-Main, in the Empire of Germany, for the
Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN COLOURED AND LEAD PENCILS, AND IN
THE METHOD AND MATERIALS FOR MANUFACTURING THE SAME." A com-
munication from Emil Mahla, Manufacturer, of Nürnberg, in the Empire of
Germany
*
"
Sealed the 24th January 1879, and dated the 19th September 1878.*
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Frank Wirth at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 19th September 1878.
FRANK WIRTH, of the Firm of Wirth and Company, Patent Solicitors, at
Frankfort-on-the-Main, in the Empire of Germany. "IMPROVEMENTS IN COLOURED
AND LEAD PENCILS, AND IN THE METHOD AND MATERIALS FOR MANUFACTURING
THE SAME." A communication from Emil Mahla, Manufacturer, of Nürnberg, in
the Empire of Germany.
The improvements consist in constructing the centres or cores of lead, chalk, slate,
in the usual manner, and in rolling or wrapping round such cores paper in sheets or
layers by hand or by machinery, said paper sheets being supplied with adhesive
substance, placing the cores so employed in metal moulds and subjecting same to
pressure, and so forming a compact pencil shaped flat, round, oval, or any other
convenient shape that may be required. The pencil is then dried, and may be
painted and varnished.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said Frank Wirth in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 15th March
1879.
FRANK WIRTH, of the Firm of Wirth and Company, Patent Solicitors, at
Frankfort-on-the-Main, in the Empire of Germany. "IMPROVEMENTS IN COLOURED
AND LEAD PENCILS, AND IN THE METHOD AND MATERIALS FOR MANUFACTURING
THE SAME." A communication from Emil Mahla, Manufacturer, of Nürnberg, in
the Empire of Germany.
The improvements consist in constructing the centres or cores of lead, chalk,
or slate in the usual manner, and in rolling or wrapping around such cores paper in
sheets or in layers, by hand or by machinery, said paper sheets being coated or
covered with adhesive substance; placing the cores so enveloped in metal moulds,
and subjecting same to pressure, and so forming a compact pencil, shaped flat, round,
oval, or any other convenient shape that may be required. The pencil is then dried
and may be painted, varnished, or finished for the market in any suitable way.
In witness whereof, I, the said Frank Wirth, have hereunto set my hand and
seal, this Fifteenth day of March, A.D. 1879.
FRANK WIRTH. (L.S.)
IMPROVEMENTS IN SIGNALLING APPA- RATUS, APPLICABLE TO LOCOMOTIVES, STEAMSHIPS, AND SIMILAR PURPOSES
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Bottomley Woodcock and Samuel
Birkett at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 24th May 1878.
BOTTOMLEY WOODCOCK, Stone Carver, and SAMUEL BIRKETT, Brassfounder, both
of Cleckheaton, in the County of York. "IMPROVEMENTS IN SIGNALLING APPA-
RATUS, APPLICABLE TO LOCOMOTIVES, STEAMSHIPS, AND SIMILAR PURPOSES."
This Invention relates to improvements in the signalling apparatus of loco-
motives, steamships, and similar purposes, and consists in the employment of a
series of steam whistles of different tones or "pitch," so that each whistle may be
distinguished at a distance by a person accustomed thereto.
These whistles may be of ordinary construction, but for the purposes of our
Invention we prefer whistles made in such a manner that cach one will give at
least two distinct sounds. This we effect by mounting the bell or dome of the
whistle on a sliding rod, so that it can be raised and lowered in such a manner as
to increase or decrease the distance between the bottom of the whistle and the jet
of steam, by which means a great variation of tone may be produced.
The steam may be admitted to the whistle by two passages on the valve spindles,
on one of which the eccentric is fixed, so that it may be worked at the same time
as the steam is turned on or off.
For steamship purposes we may employ four of such whistles, which will give
eight distinct sounds, by the proper management of which a code of signals may be
devised corresponding to the different points of the compass, so that in foggy
weather approaching vessels may be made aware of the exact course in which each
other are sailing.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR PERFORATING DEVICES
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Benjamin Joues at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 23rd April 1878.
BENJAMIN JONES, of Lower Norwood, in the County of Surrey. "IMPROVEMENTS
IN MACHINERY FOR PERFORATING DEVICES."
The improvements consist of a lever press adapted to carry and work a moveable
set of perforating dies and counterparts in combination, with two or more con-
tinuous bands of paper put in motion by the act of perforating, one such band
serving to act as a register of the device perforated in the others, together with a
cutting device for cutting off the parts perforated from one band; also in the use
of a space lever to be worked separately or at the same time as the perforating
lever by which the device die, which may be in one length, and carry several devices,
may be moved and spaced as desired.
The machinery is to be made of metal, and the device die and its counterpart
bear devices, being the numerals 0 to 9, with fractions of ¼, ½½, and 3/4, or other
devices.
47
The use is as follows:-The machine is supplied with and actuates two paper
bands, causing each to pass between the dies and counterparts. One end of one
band is allowed to project from the machine under a cutter; the other band passos
on to a roller or other contrivance for record. The machine is worked and per-
forates by spacing the dies, say, the device, 1, 10, 212, whereupon the band with
these perforations on it is torn off by hand, or otherwise cut by the machine, and
the part so cut off affixed in any convenient way to, say, a bill as a receipt, and the
same amount recorded on the other band.
The cut-off band may be made with adhesive material, and the record band of
sufficient length to record a day's receipts or more.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PRODUCTION OF MOULDINGS FOR CORNICES AND OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Zoncada at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 17th September 1878:
CHARLES ZONCADA, of No. 4, Rathbone Place, London, in the County of
Middlesex. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PRODUCTION OF MOULDINGS FOR CORNICES
AND OTHER PURPOSES."
I propose to make my mouldings of glass of any colour pressed in slabs or plates
of any suitable dimensions with whatever ornamentation or pattern it may be
desired to produce upon its surface, and of any form, flat, semicircular, or with any
desired curve or angle which may be obtained in pressing.
I produce the semblance of a gilt cornice by taking a slab or plate of amber-
coloured glass, produced as above set forth, and silvering the reverse or back of the
plate by any of the ordinary modes of silvering, or I may make the slab or plate
of white glass and gild the back, or I may silver or gild the back of a glass plate
of any colour to obtain the appearance of a burnished or of a dead metal surface;
the silvering or gilding being protected by any suitable coating.
Plates or slabs thus produced when assembled. together to form a cornice for
curtains, for the ceiling of a room, or otherwise, afford the great advantage that
they do not tarnish like metal and when dirty can be restored to their original
brilliancy by a simple washing and polishing of the glass, as in cleaning an ordinary
looking-glass.
I propose in most cases to fix these slabs or plates upon a wooden frame by means
of screws, but have found that the cost of producing screw holes in the slab or plate
is considerable, and that many slabs or plates are damaged by the pressing of these
holes in the mould.
I therefore propose to press my plates or slabs with recesses or indentations on
the edges, each of these recesses or indentations being of the form of the section of
a screw, or whatever fastening may be used, taken vertically through its centre,
and these recesses may bevel or open out on the face of the slab so that the head
of the screw of fastening may be countersunk therein. When plates or slabs thus
made are placed edge to edge, the recesses or indentations on their edges corres-
ponding exactly with each other, a hole will be left at intervals between them to
receive the stem of a screw or other fastening, and a flange to receive its head if it
Povine 211

page_text: is desired that this latter should be countersunk, or the plates may be held by the
pressure of the head of the fastening on their surface without its being counter-
sunk.
By this simple method of producing one half of the opening or hole for the screw
or other fastening in the one plate and the other half in the adjoining plate I obtain
a great saving and facilitate the fixing of the plates to form the cornices.
IMPROVEMENTS IN OR APPLICABLE TO CIGAR TUBES
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Scott and Joseph Yair at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 30th May 1878.
WILLIAM SCOTT and JOSEPH YAIR, of the City of London, Commission Merchants.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN OR APPLICABLE TO CIGAR TUBES."
This Invention consists in the construction and application to cigar tubes of a
device whereby the smoking of the cigar may be temporarily discontinued and
placed in the case or pocket of the smoker without it being necessary to put out
the cigar and without danger, also without injury to the cigar, the smoking of
which may be resumed when required.
In carrying out our Invention we employ an ordinary cigar tube, to which we
apply a metal tube formed in several lengths, moving telescopewise, one over the
other in such a manner that when closed over the cigar tube the said metal tube
has the appearance of an ordinary ferrule, and allows of the cigar being smoked in
the usual manner. Should, however, it be necessary to discontinue the smoking
of the cigar the telescopic tube is drawn out or opened, so as to completely cover
and protect the cigar. A cap is provided for placing over the open end of the tube,
so as to prevent the ash of the cigar from falling out. The cigar tube with the
cigar can then be placed in the pocket or case of the smoker without danger of
the cigar being injured, or of its burning or soiling the pocket or case of the
smoker.
The said cap is also placed over the end of the cigar tube when the same is put
away after the cigar has been completely smoked, and serves to protect the end of
the tube.
A NEW OR IMPROVED PENHOLDER FOR FACILITATING THE ACQUIREMENT AND PRACTICE OF THE ART OF WRITING
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alexander Porecky at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 7th September 1878.
ALEXANDER PORECKY, of No. 3, Leconfield Road, Highbury New Park, in the
County of Middlesex, Gentleman. "A NEW OR IMPROVED PENHOLDER FOR
FACILITATING THE ACQUIREMENT AND PRACTICE OF THE ART OF WRITING."
The form of instrument hitherto used to write with, whether pen or pencil,
requires the indispensable use and particular flexion of (according to the peculiar
convenience of the individual) the thumb and of the index and middle fingers to
make them converge towards that instrument to hold and guide it; hence the
difficulties experienced in the acquirement of the art of writing, the awkwardness
and inconvenience of its practice often felt through habitual manual exertion,
debility, or old age, and the cramp in the hand, also through protracted writing,
known as writers' cramp; to remedy all of which I propose the substitution of a
new penholder, which I provide with two semi-conically shaped clasps over it,
forming together a thimble-shaped elastic ring to slip on to the first joint of any of
the fingers, and by means of which any sort of writing can be performed by all
persons easily and conveniently. This I effect by taking a cross-shaped piece of
fine elastic sheet metal or other suitable substance, the vertical and the horizontal
parts of it varying in length, that of the horizontal being about an inch and a half,
and that of the vertical about two inches and a half, and the width of each of the
free ends forming the cross about three-quarters of an inch. I then bend the hori-
zontal part throughout the whole of its length across the vertical part into a tube,
into which the tubule of a pen or a pencil is to be inserted; the flaps then remaining
of the vertical part of the cross are each then bent into a semi-conical form, with
their concavities facing each other, thus forming a thimble-shaped elastic ring,
leaving the upper edges a little apart, so as to adapt itself to fingers of different
Bizes.
IMPROVEMENTS IN 'WEFTS' FOR WEAVING CLOTHS AND OTHER WOVEN FABRICS
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Fox and John Clapham at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 4th December 1878.
WILLIAM Fox and JOHN CLAPHAM, both of Leeds, in the County of York.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN 'WEFTS' FOR WEAVING CLOTHS AND OTHER WOVEN FABRICS."
Our improvements refer to the employment for weaving purposes of a condenser
thread or sliver without being spun, twined, or twisted, the employment of which,
with an additional twisted thread or threads, produces a soft handling cloth or
fabric, at the same time very strong and comfortable to the wearer.
According to our Invention we take a condenser thread or sliver with a central
twisted thread or threads embedded therein during the operation of "condensing,"
or added and rolled therein after the "sliver" or condenser thread has been con-
densed. Further, we wind such prepared "sliver" or thread on the weaving
bobbins without any twine or twist being imparted thereto, excepting such twine
or twist that may be imparted during the process of winding such "sliver" or
thread on the weaving bobbin. The bobbin after being filled with the above
material may be taken to the loom for weaving purposes, and when woven a cloth
or fabric is produced soft to the touch and strong, comfortable, and durable for
wearing. The strength of the cloth or fabric is much increased by the internal
twisted thread or threads; and the softness is produced by the untwisted, untwined,
or unspun external "sliver" or thread.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR SPINNING AND DOUBLING COTTON AND OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Coulthard at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 22nd February 1878.
THOMAS COULTHARD, of Preston, in the County of Lancaster, Machinist.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR SPINNING AND DOUBLING
COTTON AND OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS."
This Invention relates to improvements in machinery or apparatus for spinning
and doubling cotton and other fibrous materials, and consists of an improved con-
struction of apparatus whereby the operation of doffing "Booth-Sawyer" spindles
used in ring and traveller throstles may be greatly facilitated.
The bobbin is fitted upon the spindle in the usual way, but I attach to the spindle
between the lower bushing of the bobbin and the top of the bolster a disc of metal
which revolves with the spindle, being turned truly thereupon. To the periphery
of this disc I fasten the upper end of a tube or sleeve of thin sheet metal (preferably
of tempered steel) whose lower end extends somewhat below the lower extremity of
the bobbin.
The sleeve is formed with elongated perforations or slots, which render it com-
pressible and elastic, so as to meet or accomodate itself to the varying internal
diameters and heights of the bobbins, and is of such diameter that the lower or
hollowed portion of the bobbin will fit closely thereupon at the same time that the
sleeve will rotate around the bolster without coming in contact therewith.
The operation of doffing is as follows:-When the bobbin is full the ring rail is
lowered below the hobbin; one or more turns of yarn are wound upon the lower
end of the glove, and the frame is then stopped. The full bobbin is then removed
by lifting it off the spindle, thereby breaking the thread between the bobbin and
the sleeve, but leaving the thread unbroken between the sleeve and the rollers. An
empty bobbin is then placed upon the spindle, the ring rail is raised to the position
required for commencing the next set, whereupon the frame is again started.
The lower portion of the sleeve is provided with lips or projections, which facili-
tate the breaking of the yarn when the bobbin above is lifted off.
IMPROVEMENTS IN RAIL JOINTS
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederick Cardinal Payne at the Office
of the Cominissioners of Patents on the 6th March 1878. A cominunication
froin abroad by Edward Payne, of Chicago, United States of America.
FREDERICK CARDINAL PAYNE, of Lewisham, in the County of Kent, Gentleman.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN RAIL JOINTS." A communication from abroad by Edward
Payne, of Chicago, United States of America.
The object of this Invention is to produce a joint for rails, which, while ensuring
exact continuity of abutting rails and unyielding support of their ends, shall be
compact, not liable to dismemberment, and yet allow of the expansion and con-
traction of the rails under the influence of varying temperatures. This object is
effected by the use of a joint piece, so constructed as to interpose between the
abutting ends of rails a block, which, while forming continuity of the top flange or
tread, shall afford lateral support to both the abutting rails by a fixed and a
movable lapping clasp or fish plate, which are formed with internal toothed or
notched surfaces to receive and retain locking wedges or spring keys, which may
be further locked by a tightening wedge or key.
The joint piece is composed of a metal block of suitable thickness to offer the
necessary resistance to the impact of the wheels when struck laterally or across its
width. This block is placed between the abutting ends of two rails, and is of
the exact height of the rails, and is so shaped that its top shall conform exactly
with the breast or top flange of the rails to be united. The bottom, although
wider than the bottom flange of the rail, is flush therewith. On its inner side
this block is provided with projections, which extend transversely on either side of
the block, and form a solid fish plate, so shaped as to fit snugly into the inner web
of the rail.
The block is perforated to receive a second or movable fish plate, which will fit
into the outer web of the rail; and the interior faces of the fixed movable fish
plates are serrated.
When the rails are placed in position the joint is made tight, and locked by
means of wedges, which are inserted in the loosely fitting ends of the fish plates.
These wedges are provided on one side with spring blades, which, when the wedges

page_text: are driven in, will take into the teeth of the serrated surfaces of the fish plates,
and thus prevent their being withdrawn without breaking the spring blades.
In certain climates, where the variation of temperature is very great, and the
rails in contracting by cold leave large gaps, the block is provided with ears or
lugs, which fit corresponding recesses in the top of the rails, so that the tread of 5
the wheel will, notwithstanding the gaps between the ends of the rails, run on a
continuous or unbroken surface on the top of the rails.
If the movable fish plate should become loose an additional wedge is used outside
the moveable fish plate.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN ROTARY HEELS FOR BOOTS AND SHOES
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Bell and John Cheshire at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 14th June 1878.
HENRY BELL and JOHN CHESHIRE, both of Birmingham, in the County of
Warwick. "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN ROTARY HEELS FOR BOOTS AND SHOES."
Our Invention consists of the improvements herein-after described in the con-
struction and application of rotary heels to boots and shoes.
We will now describe our Invention. We adopt or form a circular disc or plate
corresponding in size to the heel of the boot or shoe of any suitable material (metal
by preference), the outer or exterior part being that portion that receives the tread
or wear; we recess and this for the reception of a leather disc, in the said recess
we pierce a circular hole or aperture, and through this is passed a screw (as hitherto
employed), and enters the heel of the boot or shoe, thus connecting the same. Upon
the interior surface of the said disc, being that part conjointly with the heel, we
arrange a series of projections of any desired shape suitable to our requirement, by
preference the V form, and these have corresponding indentions in the heel fitted to
receive the same; or we may employ a laminator or a spiral spring carrying a stud
or projecting pin, and this fits or is received into a corresponding recess in the plate
or disc superficially or otherwise.
The advantages aimed at by this our said Invention are, 1st, the equalizing of
the wear of the heel, that is to say, when the heel has received wear upon one side,
the central pin or screw can be released sufficiently to allow the projection to be
freed from its indention, and permit the turning of the plate or disc to the part
unworn, and is then again screwed down.
AN IMPROVED SELF-ACTING APPARATUS FOR RECULATING THE SUPPLY OF GAS
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Frederick Tomlinson and
George Brior Fearnley at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the
5th July 1878.
WILLIAM FREDERICK TOMLINSON and GEORGE BRIER FEARNLEY, both of Leeds,
in the County of York. "AN IMPROVED SELF-ACTING APPARATUS FOR RECULATING
THE SUPPLY OF GAS."
Our improvements consist in an apparatus whereby the quantity of gas is varied
or regulated in accordance with the number of burners in use; at the same time
preventing great waste of gas and providing additional illuminating power, also
less heat and smoke, and is as hereafter described.
Our apparatus consists of a case of brass or other suitable material. Inside the
case a movable cap or valve is provided, which is made to cover the end of a per-
forated tube passed into the interior of the case at the bottom. The tube is pierced
with longitudinal apertures; these apertures vary in accordance with the number
of lights or size of the regulator. The gas by its pressure lifts the cap or valve more
or less in accordance with the pressure required, and escapes into the chamber above,
and thence through pipes direct to the burners; or, when required, previous to
arriving at the burners it may be allowed to pass through some filtering medium.
In front of the valve or cap I attach a pointer, which indicates on an index plate
(by preference in the interior of the case) the rising or falling of such cap or valve,
hence the pressure or number of lights for which the gas is supplied. The cap or
valve is weighted in accordance with the average pressure required, and is self
adjusting. Such adjustment increases or reduces the area of the passage for the
gas, and consequently produces an increase or decrease in the pressure, which is
shewn by the pointer being raised or lowered to numbers or other marks on the
index plate.

page_text: In order to see the index plate and pointer (these being within the case) I pro-
vide an opening in the case, which is covered with glass and hermetically sealed.
In order to regulate the supply of gas to the apparatus I provide a suitable tap
or stop-cock, which may be applied to the admission pipe in any convenient
position.
5
IMPROVE- MENTS IN PIPES FOR SMOKING
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Eduard Wolf at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 13th March 1878.
EDUARD WOLF, of Fore Street, in the City of London, Manufacturer. "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN PIPES FOR SMOKING."
The object of this Invention is to construct a pipe by which a "cool smoke" can
be obtained, and the nicotine prevented from entering the mouth.
For the purposes of this Invention a chamber is contrived below that portion of
the bowl which receives the tobacco, and the stem of the pipe, instead of leading
direct into the bowl, leads into this chamber.
A hole or passage between the bowl and chamber permits the smoke to pass from
the bowl into the chamber, and thence through the stem into the mouth.
The nicotine from the tobacco and the moisture from the mouth pass into the
chamber, and as the tobacco is thereby kept dry, it can be smoked to the very
bottom of the bowl, and thus what is known as a "cool smoke" is obtained.
A removeable plug or cup, provided with a recess or groove, is fitted into the
bottom of the chamber, and when it is withdrawn for purposes of cleaning or
emptying the chamber, the surplus nicotine or moisture enters the recess or groove,
and prevent the hand from being soiled.
The bowl, chamber, and plug are so contrived and connected that the pipe
presents the appearance of an ordinary pipe.
OR IMPROVED MODE OF CLEANING TOBACCO PIPES OR CIGAR TUBES
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Michael Lee at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 20th August 1878.
HENRY MICHAEL LEE, of Holloway, in the County of Middlesex.
OR IMPROVED MODE OF CLEANING TOBACCO PIPES OR CIGAR TUBES."
"A NEW
This Invention relates to a new or improved mode of effectually cleaning out
tobacco pipes, cigar tubes, or mouth-picces, in removing therefrom all nicotine or
other deleterious matter deposited from the burning tobacco.
It consists in the employment of a composition composed of hyposulphite of lead
(66 parts), chlorate of potash (66 parts), peroxide of inanganese (3 parts), oxide of
iron (7 parts), chrome yellow (3 parts), and glue. (6 parts), or in other proportions
that may be determined.
This composition is similar to that used in the manufacture of fusees or vesuvians,
and which may be in a conical or other form.
This composition is or may be attached to a disc made of wood, metal, cardboard,
or any other desired material, which is placed, with the composition on it, over the
mouth of the bowl of a tobacco pipe or cigar.tube, the composition being inside the
bowl, and having been previously ignited by friction or otherwise.
The burning away of the composition will create a gaseous pressure inside the
bowl of the pipe, which will force out through the stem and mouth-piece all the
nicotine and other matter, thereby thoroughly cleansing the pipe without any
mechanical means.
AN IMPROVED PROCESS OF DECOLOURING COLORED DIAMONDS
Year: 1878

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Charles Riballier, of Paris, in the Republic of France,
Jeweller, for the Invention of "AN IMPROVED PROCESS OF DECOLOURING
COLORED DIAMONDS,"
Sealed the 14th May 1878, and dated the 7th January 1878.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION filed by the said Charles Riballier at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 7th January 1878.
CHARLES RIBALLIER, of Paris, in the Republic of France.
PROCESS OF DECOLOURING COLORED DIAMONDS,"
"AN IMPROVED
It is known that the greater part of brilliants have a yellow or grey tint, which
considerably diminishes their value.
White brilliants being the most recherché and the dearest, all means tending to
decolor tinted diamonds have been considered of great interest. Several processes
have been tried with this object; they have generally consisted in putting the
diamond in an ordinary crucible with strong chemical agents, and heating them
together to a high temperature. The decoloration has never been produced, but the
surface of the brilliant only has been attacked.
My Invention has for its object a process of decoloring tinted diamonds, whereby
I can obtain from colored diamonds white brilliants, the surface of which is in
nowise altered, and of which the brilliancy of the facets have lost nothing in the
operation.
My process consists only in operating in a closed vessel protected from the external
air, contrary to what has been done up to the present time in treating these matters
in an open crucible placed on a furnace heated by gas or charcoal, similar to those
which are employed for heating precious metals.
I place in a crucible the brilliant and the chemical agents used until now, pro-
tecting them from the air; then in a place equally deprived of air I cover up the
crucible, and I lute it hermetically; heating the whole then in any furnace, and by
one of the ordinary processes in use, gas or charcoal, the desired result is obtained.
Lastly, it is indispensable to allow the whole to cool gradually and regularly,

page_text: I claim as my Invention, the process which permits the decoloration of the
diamond without alteration of any sort described above, and which consists in pre-
paring the matters employed to treat the diamond in a closed vessel completely
sheltered from external air.
In witness whereof, I, the said Charles Riballier, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this Third day of January, in the year of our Lord One thousand
eight hundred and seventy-eight.
CH. RIBALLIER. (L.S.)
AN IMPROVEMENT IN SHUTTLES WHEREIN COPS ARE USED
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Menzies at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 5th July 1878.
"
WILLIAM MENZIES, of the Firm of John Menzies and Son, of the City and County
of Perth, North Britain. AN IMPROVEMENT IN SHUTTLES WHEREIN COPS ARE
USED."
This Invention, which relates to an improvement in shuttles wherein cóps are
used, has for its object to so retain the upper ond or conical part of the cop as to
prevent its becoming entangled and wasted or drawn out of its proper position in
the shuttle, which so frequently happens when using cops for weaving.
The foregoing object is effected by placing inside the shuttle at that end to which
the cover is hinged a single or double jawed spring, which is also situated near to
the hinge joint of the cover, so that as the cover is shut down it closes the jaw or
jaws on to the conical head of the cop. One or both jaws are formed with teeth or
other projections, which as the jaws are shut together catch upon the conical head
of the cop and so hold it in position that it is capable of being unwound to the last
without becoming entangled or wasted.
On opening the cover for the purpose of winding a fresh cop the jaw or jaws rise
by their own spring action to freely admit of the cop being placed in the shuttle.
A NEW (OR IMPROVED) METHOD OF RAISING VESSELS OR OTHER MOVING BODIES OUT OF THE WATER WHEN IN MOTION, SO AS TO BE ENABLED TO INCREASE THEIR SPEED
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Standfield and Josiah Latimer
Clark at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 18th February
1878.
JOHN STANDFIELD and JOSIAH LATIMER CLARK, both of No. 6, Westminster
Chambers, Victoria Street, in the City of Westminster. "A NEW (OR IMPROVED)
METHOD OF RAISING VESSELS OR OTHER MOVING BODIES OUT OF THE WATER WHEN
IN MOTION, SO AS TO BE ENABLED TO INCREASE THEIR SPEED."
To effect this we arrange the screws of a vessel in a peculiar manner, and we
place a number of fin blades or oblique floats on the sides of the vessel or beneath
her at different parts of her length, inclined at an angle, so that as the vessel is pro-
pelled forward, their tendency is to raise the vessel out of the water; these blades
are arranged so that they can be adjusted at will to any suitable angle of inclina-
tion, and are carried on arms projecting from the vessel in such manner that they
can be raised or lowered at pleasure either by hydraulic rams, screws, or other
suitable means.
When the boat is in motion the effect of these blades is to elevate her out of the
water, and lighten her floatation; and at extreme speeds her whole weight may, in
some cases, be supported on the floats or fin blades, so that she skids along on the
water with only her screws submerged and her blades on the surface. In this
position the resistance to her forward motion will be very small as compared with
that when her bulk is submerged, and very high speeds may consequently be
attained.
The form of screw best adapted for this mode of propulsion is archimedean or
continuous blade screw, and it is desirable that there should be two or more of
them; they are so arranged that their angle can be varied in a vertical plane, so
Din 271

page_text: that their back thrust can be directed upwards, so as to tend to lift the boat out of
the water, or be directed more horizontally for propelling it forward, so that the
lifting power of the screws acts conjointly with that of the fin blades, both tending
to raise the vessel out of the water.
One screw forward and two aft, or two screws forward and one aft, would be a
suitable arrangement.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF LARD AND OTHER ARTICLES OF A SIMILAR NATURE
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Daddy at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 11th March 1878.
JOHN DADDY, of 15, Bowl Alley Lane, Hull, Foreman. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF LARD AND OTHER ARTICLES OF A SIMILAR NATURE."
My said Invention relates to an improved process of manufacturing a substance
to be used as a substitute for lard, butter, and other like substances for culinary
and other purposes, and I apply the same in practice as follows:-I take the best
white flour with mutton and other fats of the like nature, to which is added white
cotton, olive, lard, rape, culza, nut, niger, and other vegetable oils of a similar
nature to cotton oil, and mix in proportion about 1 cwt. of flour with about 10 cwt.
of the before-mentioned oils, and about 10 cwt. of mutton or similar fat or fats, for
the purpose of producing a substitute for lard, butterine, butter, and other like
substances.
The mode in which I proceed to manufacture is as follows:-I take the cold oil
or oils and add thereto flour, and agitate the same by cold air being blown through
the same in preference to any other known method, and continue this process until
amalgamation takes place; then I add the fat or fats in a boiling condition; this 1
also prefer to agitate by blowing cold air therethrough, and I continue the same
until the compound solidifies and is fit for the market.
The known mechanical appliances may be used for accomplishing the aforesaid
process.
AN IMPROVED CONSTRUCTION OF IMPLEMENT FOR SKIMMING OR CULTI- VATING LAND
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Harris and James William
Glover at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 7th August 1878.
THOMAS HARRIS, of Stoneleigh, in the County of Warwick, Farmer, and JAMES
WILLIAM GLOVER, of Warwick, in the same County, Agricultural Implement
Maker. "AN IMPROVED CONSTRUCTION OF IMPLEMENT FOR SKIMMING OR CULTI-
VATING LAND."
The chief object of this Invention is to provide an implement suitable for
skimming or paring barley land after harvest, or skimming turf in a more efficient
manner than heretofore.
The depth at which the shares cut instead of being regulated as heretofore by
side wheels is regulated by a roller which runs in advance of the shares, and is
mounted in the frame which carries the shares. This roller will for convenience of
turning be divided, and as it runs in front of the shares it will regulate the depth
of cut without injuring the work performed by the shares. In rear of the shares
we propose to fit a harrow, which following the implement will gather up the weeds
severed by the advancing shares. This addition of the harrow may be used or not
according to circumstances.
The implement may be fitted with shafts if thought desirable, or it may have
draught tackle attached thereto, and it may be provided with front supporting
wheels.
The shares will be adjustable as usual in the framing, and the roller by crushing
any loose surface earth will insure the shares skimming or paring the ground at an
uniforın depth.
The broad shares used in this implement are made with prongs of steol.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR RAISING WATER
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Primerose Howard Vaughan
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 4th February 1878. A
communication from abroad by Jean Baptiste Graulon and Joseph Dulery, of
Paris, in the Republic of France.
EDWARD PRIMEROSE HOWARD VAUGHAN, F.C.S. of 67, Chancery Lane, in the
County of Middlesex, Patent Agent.. "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR RAISING
WATER." A communication from abroad by Jean Baptiste Graulon and Joseph
Dulery, of Paris, in the Republic of France.
This Invention consists in the application to forcing and sucking pumps of an
hydraulic wheel so arranged as to utilize the water raised for the production of the
power required to maintain the continuous working of the pump.
Figure 1 of the accompanying Drawings represents in front view and section an
application of the Invention to an ordinary rotatory pump.
Figure 2 is a front view of the hydraulic wheel.
In these Figures a is the pump body mounted on a support b; c, the suction pipe;
d, the delivery pipe; e, the well or other water space; f, the upper reservoir; g, the
lower recipient or outflow; h, the hydraulic wheel of any suitable description set on
the driving shaft of the pump a.
The upper reservoir f being filled in advance with water the slide valve i is
opened. The water passing through the orifice ; falls into the buckets of the
wheel h, and in the rotation of the latter is carried to the recipient or outflow
whence it may be directed to any required point.
g, from
The power developed by the hydraulic wheel thus started maintains the working
of the pump for the continuous supply of water to the upper reservoir f.
AN IMPROVEMENT OR IMPROVE- MENTS IN FASTENINGS FOR BRACELETS, SCARF RINGS, FINGER RINGS, AND OTHER LIKE ARTICLES
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Payton at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 3rd October 1878. A communication from
abroad by John Mendelow, of Paris, in the Republic of France.
HENRY PAYTON, of the Firm of Charles Payton and Sons, of Birmingham, in the
County of Warwick, Manufacturing Jewellers. "AN IMPROVEMENT OR IMPROVE-
MENTS IN FASTENINGS FOR BRACELETS, SCARF RINGS, FINGER RINGS, AND OTHER
LIKE ARTICLES." [A communication from abroad by John Mendelow, of Paris, in
the Republic of France.]
The said Invention has reference to such bracelets, scarf rings, finger rings, and
other like articles as consist of elliptical or circular bands of gold or other elastic
metal or alloy, the ends of the said bands when brought together abutting against
one another and forming complete elliptical or circular rings.
The said Invention consists of a fastening or lock for the abutting ends of the
said bracelets, scarf rings, finger rings, and other like articles, the said fastening or
lock being constructed in the following manner :-
The said elastic band constituting the bracelet or other like article has the ordinary
sectional figure, but to one of the abutting or meeting ends of the band a plate is
soldered, the said plate having a circular or other shaped hole made in its middle,
and to the other abutting or meeting end of the band a plate is soldered having at
its middle a peg or stem of a size and shape proper to take into the hole in the first-
described abutting end of the band. When the abutting end of the bracelet or
scarf ring carrying the peg or stem is brought opposite the abutting end in which
the hole is made the elasticity of the ring causes it to resume its normal circular or
elliptical figure, and to close upon and project its peg or stem through the hole in
the other abutting end. The two ends of the bracelet or scarf ring are thereby
locked or fastened securely together. In order to unfasten the bracelet or scarf
ring the end carrying the peg or stud is separated a short distance from the opposite
abutting end so as to withdraw its peg from the hole in the opposite end. By
then turning aside the peg end of the bracelet or ring its peg is removed from
opposite the hole in the other end, and the two ends of the bracelet are dis-
connected.

page_text: When the ends of the bracelets or other like articles are thus locked or fastened
together there are no external projecting parts at the junction, and the bracelets or
other articles have the appearance of endless or continuous bands.
The fastening or lock is very simple in construction, it is easily used, and is very
secure.
IMPROVEMENTS IN UNHAIRING AND TANNING HIDES AND SKINS
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Goodall Gibson at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 20th February 1878. A communication
from abroad by Giovanni Canali, of San Giovanni Bianco, in the Province of
Bergamo, Italy.
"
WILLIAM GOODALL GIBSON, of No. 41, Torrington Square, in the County of
Middlesex. IMPROVEMENTS IN UNHAIRING AND TANNING HIDES AND SKINS." [A
communication from abroad by Giovanni Canali, of San Giovanni Bianco, in the
Province of Bergamo, Italy.]
This Invention has for its object improvements in unhairing and tanning hides
and skins.
In order to remove the hair the hide or skin is treated with a solution of hydro
sulphide of soda; the following is a suitable preparation :-
Hydrosulphide of soda
Quicklime
Water
2 parts.
6½ "
100 "
The solution is applied to the hides or skins on both sides by means of a brush;
they are laid aside for a day or so, after which the hair will separate freely. Or the
solution may be applied by immersion, in which case it should be more dilute.
In the process of tanning hydrosulphide of soda is also employed; it is added to
the tan bath in the proportion of 1½ of a pound to 1000 pounds of liquor for light
leather, and for sole and heavy leather the proportion may be increased to ³½ of a
pound to the 1000 pounds of liquor. This addition to the tanning bath will be
found to quicken the tanning operation, and also to improve both the weight and
the appearance of the leather.
The proportions above mentioned may be varied.
IMPROVEMENTS IN GEARING FOR DRIVING MACHINERY
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Robert Lumley at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 5th April 1878.
- HENRY ROBERT LUMLEY, of 14, Marlborough Place, St. John's Wood, in the
County of Middlesex. "IMPROVEMENTS IN GEARING FOR DRIVING MACHINERY."
Instead of using toothed gearing for driving wheels, I propose to connect one
wheel with another by a rod, one end of which will be connected to a crank on
the one wheel, and the other end to a slide secured and running in a serpentine
groove or grooves on the other wheel near its rim, so that as the grooved wheel
revolves a reciprocating or to-and-fro motion will be given to the rod and the other
wheel be thereby made to rotate. Motion may thus be transmitted through any
desired number of wheels.
Ainongst other advantages my improved driving gear will give that of greater
speed of rotation than could be obtained by a driving wheel of equal diameter,
communicating motion by means of toothed wheels and pinions, and wheels on the
opposite sides of the driving wheel may be driven in the same direction to cach
other.
IMPROVEMENTS IN METALLIC CHAIN NETWORK OR NETTING, AND IN THE MODE OF CONSTRUCTION THEREOF
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Temple at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 20th April 1878.
JOHN TEMPLE, Managing Director of the Warrington Wire Rope Works, Limited,
of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster. "IMPROVEMENTS IN METALLIC CHAIN
NETWORK OR NETTING, AND IN THE MODE OF CONSTRUCTION THEREOF.”
My Invention relates to the construction and arrangement of flexible wire nets or
netting to be used as guards when fixed to the stanchions round a ship's deck, or
for tunny, deep-sea, or other fishing; or for torpedo-protecting nets, or for other
defensive purposes; and it consists in the making of such guards or nets from spring
or other wire made into coils in a mandrel, or a pulley, or drum, or otherwise, as
round wire spring rings, and capable of being thus readily attached to each other
and taken to pieces again. And if greater strength is required I wrap finer wire
round the parts where the ends come, or turn the ends of each ring round or
partially round its own part; and further, if required to be made still stronger, I
pass the rings when so made plain or knotted, and so attached or separately, through
molten spelter, so as to solder the parts permanently together.
PROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ELECTRIC LIGHT, AND IN APPARATUS THEREFOR."
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Sparkes Wilson at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 4th October 1878.
66
IM-
WILLIAM SPARKES WILSON, of Sunderland, in the County of Durham.
PROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ELECTRIC LIGHT, AND IN APPARATUS
THEREFOR."
This Invention has for its object the production of a steady, constant, and cheap
electric light, free from the variableness and the necessity for constant adjustment
incident to ordinary electric lights. I propose to form the electric arc by means of
a gas or vapour of sufficient conducting power, such as a metallic vapour or hydro-
carbon, preferably saturated or mixed with carbon or other resisting material.
These I keep in a state of compression, preferably, hermetically sealed between
two surfaces of conducting material in a transparent envelope. These two con-
ductors are, preferably, brass tubes with water circulating within them to keep
them cool, and pass through stuffing boxes, so that their distance apart, and con-
sequently the pressure on the vapour can be regulated by adjusting screws, springs,
or otherwise. One mode of saturating the gas with carbon is to simply insert
powdered or other solid carbon. One mode of circulating the water more effectually
is to have two concentric tubes, the inner one opening out into the outer near the
end, or a diaphragm could be used instead.
IMPROVEMENTS IN RIDING WHIPS
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Louise Isabelle Morrison at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 21st May 1878.
LOUISE ISABELLE MORRISON, of No. 149, Clapham Road, in the County of Surrey.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN RIDING WHIPS."
My Invention relates to an improved construction of riding whips, whereby they
are provided with means for protecting the rider from the sun or from the wind.
For this purpose the handle of the riding whip is made hollow, and into it is
inserted a tubo containing a piece of thin, stiff, textile, or other fabric folded in such
a way that if the folds are secured together at the inner end the other part thereof
can be spread out in a similar manner to the circular fans in common use.
The tube containing the said folded fabric is made to slide in and out of the hollow
handle of the whip, but is prevented by any suitable known means from passing
entirely out of it, and the outer ends of the fabric are connected by strings or tapes
to the inside of the recess of the whip handle, so that in making the tube protrude
from the latter the folded fabric will at the same time be drawn out of the tube,
and will open out like a fan, thus affording the face of the rider some protectiou
from the sun or wind.
For enabling the rider conveniently to move outwards the tube as described with
one hand only, I prefer to provide a stud at its lower end, projecting through
a longitudinal slot in the whip handle; and between the bottom of the recess in
the latter and the inner end of the tube I place a helical spring, which is compressed
when the tube is drawn in, in which position it is held by causing the before-men-
tioned stud to enter a side notch in the slot. Thus, on releasing the stud from the
notch the spring will propel the tube outwards, and will cause the fan shade to be
expanded automatically.
If preferred the spring may be dispensed with, and the tube be moved out-
wards by pushing the stud up the slot.
According to another arrangement the fan shade is merely drawn out of the
tube by taking hold of a projecting piece of material attached to the former, the
inner end of which is connected by an elastic cord to the inner end of the tube, so
Dine 11

page_text: that as the fan shade is drawn out the tube will at the same time be drawn out of
the recess in the whip handle.
The said projecting pieces of material is made stiff, and extends to the inner end
of the fan shade, so that on pushing the upper end inwards the fan shade is moved
back into the tube, and the tube into the recess in the whip.