IMPROVEMENTS IN THE EXTRACTION AND MANUFACTURE OF SUGAR AND OF SACCHARINE MATTERS
Year: 1853

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Auguste Edouard Loradoux Bellford, of 16,
Castle Street, Holborn, in the County of Middlesex; Patent
Agent, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE EXTRACTION
AND MANUFACTURE OF SUGAR AND OF SACCHARINE MATTERS."—A
communication.
Sealed the 2nd November 1853, and dated the 2nd May 1858.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Augusie Edouard
Loradoux Bellford at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with his Petition, on the 2nd May 1853.
I, AUGUSTE EDOUARD LORADOUX BELLFORD, of 16, Castle Street,
Holborn, in the County of Middlesex, Patent Agent, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE EXTRAC-
TION AND MANUFACTURE OF SUGAR AND OF SACCHARINE MATTERS" to be as
follows, viz. :
This Invention consists in the use of a new apparatus to effect the
clearing of sugar, and in extracting it from beet root or any other
saccharine matter. It is composed of a conical vessel A, in which is

page_text: inclosed the sugar charged with molasses or matters to be exhausted.
This vessel is supported by axles or bearings B, B, and on which it
turns to facilitate the operations, and has a bottom of wire gauze suffi-
ciently fine to retain the crystals of sugar or the particles of matter to
be exhausted. This wire gauze is adapted without and underneath the
vessel by means of hooks a, a, into which the arins of the supporting
cross pieces enter.
At the upper part of the apparatus is a tube H, to introduce the air
or water for the purpose of clarifying the matter contained in the
vessel; this tube is provided with a rose J, which spreads the liquid
over the surface of the vessel.
The necessary pressure for operating on different matters to be sub-
jected to this treatment may be effected by means of compressed air,
or by causing a stream of liquid to act on these matters, and uniting
the apparatus to an upper reservoir. For the decoloring of sugar a
quantity of decolouring matter is brought over the mass of raw sugar,
which, by the pressure it makes, throws off the molasses.
If it be required to free the sugar the decolouring matter, it is effected
by the compression of air. In manufactures of sugar the raw sugar
may be placed in large vessels, which may contain the whole or part of
the manufacture of the day. In such case the metallic cloth or wire
gauze is stopped by a false bottom. When the sugar is hardened this
false bottom is removed, and the crust formed on the surface scraped,
and the vessel is then filled with sugar diluted with syrup, and is then
closed air tight, and the tube or air-pump before described is adopted
to the vessel. If the manufacture of the sugar be made in a refinery,
where sugars are only used in a dry state, a small quantity of this
sugar should be diluted with syrup, and placed on the upper part of the
mass. The same process may he employed for extracting the saccharine
matter contained in beet root. Thus treated it loses all the juice it
contains, and there only remains as waste the fibrous and woody
matters. It is not thus with beet roots compressed by means of the
hydraulic press. The pulp which remains after the operation still con-
tains a certain quantity of syrup, which till now was lost. This pulp,
treated by my decoloring process, yields the portion that still remains

page_text: of saccharine matter. The process may be applied to pulp thrown out
by the hydraulic press, and with dried pulp the juice obtained is still
more concentrated. It may also be applied to refined sugar. The
refining of these sugars is made in the moulds, and but one stream of
decoloring matter is necessary, together with the horizontal tube com-
municating the pressure from this stream to all the moulds for re-
fining.
The same process and the same apparatus may be also applied for
the extraction of saccharine matter in germinated barley or malt. It
may also serve for the exhaustion of the refuse of malt after brewing,
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Auguste Edouard Loradoux Bellford in the Great
Seal Patent Office, on the 2nd November 1858.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I,'
AUGUSTE EDOUARD LORADOUX BELLFORD, of 16, Castle Street, Holborn,
in the County of Middlesex, Patent Agent, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Second day of May, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-three, in the six-
teenth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said Auguste Edouard Loradoux Bellford,
Her special licence that I, the said Auguste Edouard Loradoux Bellford,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said
Auguste Edouard Loradoux Bellford, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to
time and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed,
should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands,
and Isle of Man, an Invention, communicated to me by a foreigner
residing abroad, for" IMPROVEMENTS IN THE EXTRACTION AND MANUFACTURE
OF. SUGAR AND OF SACCHARINE MATTERS," upon the condition (amongst
others) that I, the said Auguste Edouard Loradoux Bellford, by an

page_text: instrument in writing under my hand and seal, should particularly
describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed
in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Auguste Edouard Loradoux
Bellford, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention, and in
what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described
and ascertained in and by the following statement (that is to say):
The new process of extraction of sugar and saccharine matters which
constitute my Invention, is applicable to the clarifying of sugar, to the
extraction of the juice of the beet root, and of what remains in the
pulp of this root after it has been submitted to the action of the press;
the beet root and the pulp may be treated either raw, baked, or dried.
This process is also applicable to the complete extraction of malt for
making beer. For the extraction of sugar and saccharine matters I
make use of apparati represented upon the Drawing. These apparati
consist of vessels of a conical form, furnished at their lower part with
metallic sheets, and which have at their upper part a tube furnished
with a cock; these apparati differ little from each other.
PURIFYING AND CLARIFYING OF THE SUGAR.
The sugar charged with molasses is enclosed in the vessel represented
Fig. 1, which, as I have said, is furnished at its lower part with a
metallic sheet fit for retaining the crystals of sugar; at its upper part
a forcing pump is attached, or a tube of several yards in height, fur-
nished with a cock, for the purpose of bringing upon the mass of sugar
a column of clarifying matter, which, by the pressure which it exercises,
expels the molasses, and substitutes itself for it without mixing, with
it. If it is then desired to clear away the sugar from the clarifying
matter with which it is impregnated, the latter is removed in its turn
by forcing air from above; it thus runs out like the melasses from the
mass of sugar, which becomes white and drained.. By taking away
the lid from the vessel, and leaving it to drain for two or three days,
the forcing of the air may be dispensed with. In the manufacture of

page_text: sugar the filling is made directly in the apparati. The metallic sheet
is stopped with a false bottom. When the sugar is dry this false
bottom is taken away; then the crust which forms on the surface is
scraped and removed; then the vessel is hermetically closed, and the
tube or pump is attached.
The apparatus represented Fig. 1, consists of a vessel of a conical
form A. This vessel is supported by means of two gudgeons B, B, so
that when one operation is finished, and the sugar is desired to be with-
drawn, the moveable cover C, is taken away, and the vessel has only to be
turned upon the gudgeons B, B. This cover is placed upon the vessel
when the clarifying matter is to be agitated. I do not indicate.the
means for effecting the reunion of the vessel and cover; this may be
effected in many ways. At the upper part of the lid is a tube D, by
which the clarifying matter is conveyed. This tube is furnished with a
cock E, which allows of interrupting the passage of the latter when
necessary; and at its upper part is a rose, which forces the jet of clari-
fying matter to spread itself upon the whole surface of the vessel. At
the bottom of the vessel A, is a metallic sheet F, the meshes of which
are sufficiently close to prevent the little crystals of sugar from passing
through. This sheet is held upon a hoop with a grating underneath, and
placed at the bottom of the vessel, where it is retained by a rim G, G.
Below the metallic sheet is the false bottom I, which is used when the
vessel A, is filled with syrup, and which is taken away when the clari-
fying is to be effected; this false bottom may be supported by different
means. The metallic sheet may be replaced by a metal plate, pierced
with small holes. To extract the juice of the beet root, or what
remains yet in the pulp of that root after it has been submitted to the
action of the press, as well as for the complete exhaustion of the malt
for making beer, I have modified the apparatus already described, as
Figs. 2, and 3, indicate. The cover of the apparatus represented
Fig. 2, is not moveable; it is of one piece with the apparatus. The
metallic sheet bottom fits outside, and is only used after having intro-
duced into the vessel by the lower part the matter to be treated; this
bottom is raised when the materials are to be withdrawn. All these
operations may be easily effected by turning the apparatus upon.the
•

page_text: two gudgeons B, B, which support it. The apparatus représented,
Fig. 3, has at its upper part an opening of 8 to 16 inches diameter for
the introduction of the substances to be treated.
"In order that the first separation of the liquid from the solid may be
effected more readily, I place in the centre of the apparatus a pipe of
perforated metallic sheet, or of metal pierced with small holes; this
pipe is retained by a socket soldered upon the metallic sheet; it is of
4 to 8 inches diameter; its height should be about six inches less
than that of the apparatus, and it is closed at the upper part by
a moveable cover. This pipe is taken away when the apparatus is
full. Then the upper opening is closed with a cover, well supported,
and the pressure is made; the cock and the rose indicated in the
description of the apparatus represented Fig. 1, are fixed after this
cover. The metallic bottom is fitted outside, as is stated in the
description of the apparatus shown in Fig. 2. The opening of the
apparatus shown Fig. 8, is especially useful for the brewers who work
after the Bavarian method. Vats are no longer necessary. Those who
work in the ordinary method, by making the steeping in the vats, may
also avoid this by making the steeping in the cauldron; and when the
saccharification is ended, all the liquid and solid materials are brought
by means of a gutter into the apparati, which simplifies the work. In
wliatever. manner it is operated, my process affords to brewers a notable
economy; and only one steeping being necessary, there is consequently
a saving in fuel, and, besides, the beer obtained is of better quality.
The pulp of the beet root may be treated in these two apparati as it
issues from the grater or from the press: the beetroot may also be
treated in these two apparati cut in slices; but I have observed that
the extraction of the juice was effected in a much more complete
manner when these pulps or slices had been previously softened by
plunging them into boiling juice of the beet root, and, for want of juice,
for the first operation into boiling water for about 15 or 20 minutes.
The cells enclosing the juice, which have not been broken by the
gråter or the root-cutter, are broken, or at least rendered permeable by
the action of the high temperature to which they have been submitted;
moreover, the albuminous parts are coagulated, and the juice is purer.
•

page_text: Pulp, after having been pressed and set aside for the food of cattle, has
even then produced by my process eighty per cent. of its weight in
juice. The pulp issuing from the grater or the slices give up all the
juices they contain. Beet froot, or the dried pulp, does not actually
require the preliminary operation of which I have just spoken, the
dessication fulfilling the same purpose. The pressure necessary for
acting on the different matters to be treated which I have designated,
may be exercised by means of air or water, compressed by the aid of a
pump or any other means, or even, as is much more simple, by making
a column of air act upon these matters, which flows from a reservoir
9 to 12 feet above the apparatus.
I claim the process I have described for the extraction of saccharine
unatters, and the application of the apparati above described, or of any
other similar apparati, to the clarifying of sugar, and the extraction of
saccharine matters contained in beet root, either fresh or dried, as well
as the application of the same apparati to the extraction of malt for the
manufacture of beer.
In witness whereof, I, the said Auguste Edouard Loradoux
Bellford, have hereunto set my hand and seal, this First day
of November, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight
hundred and fifty-three.