CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF MOURNING AND OTHER DRESS' PINS
Year: 1840

page_text: GOODMAN'S SPECIFICATION.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, GEORGE
GOODMAN, of Henley-in-Arden, and of-Birmingham, Needle and Pin Manufac
turer, send greeting.
:
WHEREAS Her most 'Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date at Westminster,
the Twenty fourth day of September, in the fourth year of Her reign; did, for
Herself, "Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said George
Goodman, my exors, adniors, and assigns, Her especial licence; full power!
sole privilege and authority, that I, the said George Goodman, my exors,'
adniors, and assigns, and such" others as I, the said George Goodman, my
Cxors, admors,"
sand assigns, should at any tinic agree with; and no others, from
time to time and at all times hereafter during the terin of years therein
mentioned, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within'
England, Wales, and the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed; my Invention of
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF MOURNING AND OTHER DRESS'
PINS;" in which said Letters Patent is contained a proviso that I, the" said
George Goodman, shall cause a particular "description of the nature of my
said Invention, and in what manner. the same is to be performed, by an
instrument in writing under my liand 'and 'seal; to be inrolled in Her said
Majesty's High Court of Chancery within six calendar months after the
date of the said in part recited Letters Patent,'as, reference being thereunto
had, may more fully and at large appear
at
1

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
George Goodman, do hereby declare that the nature of my said Invention
consists,―
First, in making mourning or other dress pins, of iron, common steel, or
cast steel wire, so that they shall be harder and more elastic than those of the
ordinary kind, and susceptible of a much finer point.
Second, in making common dress pins of iron, common steel, or cast steel
wire, and making their heads of silver or copper, brass, or other metal or
metallic alloy which has been plated or covered with silver. And the manner
in which the said improvements are to be performed I will now proceed to
describe.
I take iron, common steel, or cast steel wire, of a proper size for the
manufacture of pins, and cut it into pieces of such a length that each one,
when divided, shall form two pins. A number of these wires are held together
by their ends being placed in two iron rings, about four inches diameter, about
half an inch wide and half an inch thick, and are softened by exposure in an
oven to a red heat. The wires are now straightened, whilst still red hot, by
the process called by needle manufacturers rubbing. This process consists
in rolling this bundle of wires backwards and forwards upon a slab by means
of an iron bar, whose under surface-is notched; the length of this bar is about
two feet, and it is so wide as to fall between the rings; considerable pressure
being given to this bar, during the rubbing of the bundle, effects the
straightening of the wires. I afterwards point them in the manner in which
wires are pointed in the manufacture of needles, namely, by grinding them
upon dry stones, instead of the steel mills usually employed in the manufacture
of pins; the operation is called by needle manufacturers "dry pointing."
When I use iron wire in the manufacture of my improved mourning or other
dress pins, I next proceed to convert these pointed wires into steel by the
process used by needle manufacturers for converting iron needles into steel;
that is to say, I embed them in powdered bone dust, and heat them-to-the-
requisite temperature, and for a proper length of time, to convert them into
steel; but when I employ common or cast steel wire for the manufacture of
my improved pins, this last process is obviously unnecessary. I again rub as
before described, and afterwards divide these pointed wires.
Having thus obtained soft-pointed steel wires, suitable for the stems of my
improved pins, 1 proceed to complete them by heading, tempering, and blueing
or blacking; in doing which, however, I have adopted two different processes,
either of which is perfectly efficacious. In one of these processes the pins are
headed while soft, in the other they are previously hardened. I will describe
these processes in the order in which I have named them.*.

page_text: In the first of them I head the soft stem in the common manner, that is to
say,
in a pin-heading machine, and afterwards proceed to harden them in the
following manner:-I take an iron tray and keep it of a red heat in a furnace.
A number of assistants are engaged in filling sheet-iron trays, made to fit into
the iron one just mentioned, with the pins to be hardened; these sheet-iron
trays are placed on the red-hot iron one in the furnace, and when a tray is
sufficiently heated it is removed from the furnace, and the pins contained on it
shaken into water, having on its surface a stratum of oil. The pins are next
tempered by being heated, and afterwards scoured by being agitated in a vessel
with soap ley and sand or emery. The pins are now to be blued or blacked.in
the ordinary manner.
The second process, by which I finish the soft-pointed steel wires, is as
follows:-I submit them to the process well known to pin manufacturers, but
not generally practised by them, called nicking. In this process the part of the
stem on which the head is to be fixed is laid on a chisel edge, and another
sharp edge or blade is depressed thereon by means of any convenient mecha-
nism; a small indentation or impression is thereby made on either side, which is
necessary to the stability of the head. They are next hardened by being heated
in rows on bars of iron and thrown into water, on the surface of which is a
thin stratum of oil. They are afterwards tempered by exposure to heat, and,
after having been picked, and the crooked ones straightened, are submitted to
the process called by needle manufacturers scouring. The stems are laid many
tiers deep upon a cloth, and, mixed with oil, soap, and flour emery, the cloth
is rolled up and tied with strings, and subjected to a rolling motion by the
action of a machine resembling a common mangle. The stems are worked in
this machine several days, the mixture of oil, soap, and emery being often
renewed, and the stems washed at each renewal; they then undergo the
process of glazing, which consists in the same mechanical process, but, instead
of
emery
and I soap just mentioned, a mixture of putty, of tin, and olive oil is
substituted. They are next heated, and, if they are intended to be blued, the
heads are previously scoured by either of the methods described; but if for
blacking, there is no necessity to scour them. The pins have now only to be
blued or blacked to render them complete.
My improved dress pins I make according to the last-mentioned process,
excepting that I head them with silver, or with heads of brass, copper, or other
metal or metallic alloy, previously plated or coated with silver; and, as they
are not intended for mourning pins, I omit also the processes of blueing or
blacking.
Having now described the nature of my said improvements, and the manner

page_text: of carrying the same into effect, I wish it to be distinctly understood that I
claim under this Patent,
First, the application of the processes of rubbing and dry pointing to the
manufacture of pins.
Second, the process. of hardening and tempering, as applied to the manufac-
ture of pins.
:
:
Third, the use of heads of silver, or any other metal or metallic alloy,
previously plated or coated with silver, to steins of tempered steel in the.
manufacture of dress pins..
Fourth, the scouring and glazing of the stems of pins, as herein described,
and the scouring of the heads before being fixed on the stems.
☐
In witness whereof, I, the said George Goodman, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Twentieth day of March, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and forty-one.
GEORGE (i.s.) GOODMAN.
1.
.I
AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the Twentieth day of March, in the
year of our Lord 1841, the aforesaid George Goodman came before our said:
Lady the Queen in Her Chancery, and acknowledged the Specification afore-
said, and all and every thing therein contained and specified; in form above
written. And also the Specification aforesaid was stamped according to the
tenor of the Statute made for that purpose."
Inrolled the Twenty-second day of March, in the year of our Lord, One
thousand eight hundred and forty-one.
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