Improvements in the Method of and Apparatus for Justifying Type or Printing Matter.
Year: 1894

page_text: Date of Application, 5th June, 1894-Accepted, 15th Sept., 1894
Improvements in the Method of and Apparatus for Justifying Type
or Printing Matter.
A communication by JOHN LOUDON MCMILLAN, of Ilion, in the County of
Herkimer and State of New York, United States of America.
1, WILLIAM PHILLIPS THOMPSON F.C.S., M.I.M.E., of The Agency for
Foreign Patent Solicitors, 6, Lord Street, Liverpool and 6 Bank Street, Manchester
both in the County of Lancaster and 323 High Holborn in the County of Middlesex,
Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement :-
This invention consists in a novel method of and machine or apparatus for
justifying type or printing matter, as hereinafter set forth.
Briefly stated, the method consists in introducing thin spaces in the act of
composing or setting the type essentially as ordinary spaces are now inserted, and
also introducing at intervals approximately equal to but never in excess of the
required length of line, a distinctive separating piece, preferably a wire; clasping
the portion included between two such separating pieces in a gauge or holder
capable of being spread or opened to the precise length of the required line,
removing one at a time, the spaces contained in the line, and substituting others of
slightly greater thickness, repeating this operation with others of still greater
thickness if need be, and so on until the holder is spread to the predetermined limit
and the line is justified.
These operations may be performed by hand, and however performed, will result
in a far greater nicety and uniformity of spacing than obtains under existing
methods, even with hand composition.
It is apparent, however, that to replace the original spaces by a second set, and
these perhaps by a third or fourth would involve too great consumption of time, if
manual work were depended upon; and to obviate this loss of time and consequent
increase of cost, a machine has been devised which is entirely automatic in its
action, and which rapidly and accurately performs the several operations above
mentioned.
Such machine is illustrated in the accompanying drawings in which-
Figure 1 is a perspective view of the machine complete ;
Figure 2, a top plan view of the same;
Figure 3, a sectional elevation on the line ww of Figure 2;
Figure 4, a vertical cross section on the line -x of Figure 2;
Figure 5, a vertical transverse section on line y-y of said Figure 2;
Figure 6, a detail view of certain parts shown in Figure 5;
Figure 7, a top plan view of the mechanism by which the type, are delivered to
the holders or gauges, and of the first two stations at which the spaces are
exchanged;
Figure 8, a vertical transverse section on the line - of Figure 2;.
Figure 9, a detail of the electrical contact by which the circuit is completed to
set the lifter into action;
Figures 10, 11 and 12 are sectional detail views of the feeding or delivery
mechanism by which the type are carried forward and supplied to the holders or
gauges;
Hiros 13 and 14 olevations of the same ·
i.

page_text: Figure 15, a vertical cross section of the type-way, and the carrier slide, and
showing the carrier, and other parts;
Figures 16, 17, 18 and 19, detail views of the feelers or selecting mechanism by
which the spaces in the line are located and the line brought to rest pending
. exchange of spaces;
'
Figure 20, a perspective view of the type holder or gauge ;
Figures 21 and 22, detail views of the same.
The machine comprises in its construction a suitable frame-work, a typeway or
channel into which the line of composed type is delivered, a reciprocating carrier,
which, whenever a proper length or section of the line or type is brought within its
reach, separates such section from the remaining line and delivers it directly
beneath one of a series of holders or gauges, which descends, grasps the section
thus separated, and moves forward therewith; a series of stations each provided
with a notched carrying disc or plate through the notches of which the printing
characters freely pass but in which the spaces rest, and which discs or plates,
rotating or moving across the line, remove one space and substitute another; and
means for starting and stopping the several parts; for moving the discs or plates
and for causing the holders or gauges to travel back and forth in non-interfering
paths, receiving the unjustified line at one end of their travel, carrying it past the
spacing stations in succession, delivering the justified lines at the end of their travel,
and then returning to the starting point for a fresh line.
The construction of the mechanism by which these operations are performed can
best be explained in connection with the drawings, in which-
A indicates a framework comprising a bed or table and a series of standards or
uprights in which are carried various working parts; B a horizontal driving shaft.
which receives motion from any convenient prime mover; and C and D two
parallel horizontal shafts, preferably screw-threaded, which receive rotary motion
either from shaft B, or independently thereof, from the prime mover, as may be
found expedient.
E indicates a channeled or slotted bar, advisably made of two longitudinally
separable parts, formning a continuation of the "line galley" F of a type-setting
machine, or of any form of holder capable of delivering a line of type to the
justifying machine.
The operation of setting or composing the type is performed by a separate
machine, that set forth in Letters Patent No. 22684 granted to me December 29,
1891, being preferred, though any other may be employed.
In setting the type, the operator, by the aid of an indicator or judging by eye,
determines when a sufficient length of line has been set up to approximately
constitute a line of the "form" being made up or composed, and at each such point
inserts, by manipulation of a key cr otherwise, a straight wire a, Figure 13, some-
what longer than the type, and in this way the continuous line of matter coming to
the justifier is divided into sections of nearly equal length, but always a little less
than the intended length of a justified line in the final "form."
In traversing the line galley, the wires a rest at their lower ends upon the bottom
of the galley F, but when they enter the channeled bar E the lower ends of said
wires fall below the lower ends of the type, into a narrower channel b, Figures 13, 14
and 15, too narrow to permit the lowering of the type, an inclined guide 9', Figure 3,
bearing upon the upper ends of the wires and ensuring their descent. In this way,
and as will be readily understood upon referring to Figure 14, the wire a, which is
of adequate length for the purpose, is caused to extend both below and above the
ends of the type, in position to be acted upon by carrying devices which travel
entirely clear of the type.
For the purpose of transferring the type from the line galley F to the channeled
bar E, a carrier G is employed shown in Figures 2, 7, 10, 11, 12, 13 and 15. This
carrier, which is constantly moved back and forth from the line galley to the
channeled bar, consists essentially of a block c, having a longitudinal T-shaped slot
or opening to receive a correspondingly shaped portion of the bar E, upon and by

page_text: which it is guided as will be seen upon reference to Figure 15, which block carries
swinging dogs, as presently explained.
C
Passing vertically through the block c is a cylindrical stem or rockshaft d from
which two dogs e and project inward toward the channel or typeway g of bar E,
above and below the ends of the type, and an arm projects outward, as shown in
Figures 2, 7, 10, 11, 12 and 15.
A spring i, Figures 2 and 7, acting upon the upper dog e tends to press the same
inward toward the type channel g. The two dogs being rigidly secured upon the
stem or rockshaft d, in the same radial position relatively thereto, and being longer.
than the distance from said stem or rockshaft to the further wall of the channel, are
limited in their inward movement by contact of dog with the further wall of said
channel, as shown by dotted lines in Figures 10, 11 and 12. The position is also
shown in Figures 2 and 7.
H, Figures 1, 2, 3 and 7, indicates a lever, pivoted at a point between its ends
upon a suitable support, and having one end slotted to receive a tap bolt or other
proper device for connecting it with block c of the carrier G. At its other end the
lever H is furnished with a stud or roller, which enters a cam groove in the
circumference of a hub or cylinder I, Figures 1 and 2, made fast upon the driving
shaft B, so that as the shaft rotates the lever is swung about its pivot and thus
caused to move the carrier G back and forth a given distance.
If desired, the fulcrum or pivot of the lever may be made adjustable to vary the
travel of the carrier, or the same result may be attained by substituting for cam
wheel or hub I another having a groove of different pitch.
In travelling back and forth, the carrier G clears the type, but whenever one
of the wires a comes within the reach of the forward ends of the dogs e and /, said
dog's ride over and engage behind the wire, and on the return or forward movement
carry the same before it, together with whatever type may be in advance of the
wire.
To prevent the incoming type from falling forward, turning, or "getting off
their feet," the receiving end of channel g is furnished on one side or in one wall
with a series of light overlapping springs j, as shown in Figures 10, 11 and 12,
which springs offer sufficient resistance to the advance of the line to keep it in
form while it is traversing that portion of channel g over which the carrier G
travels.
At or about the point where the series of springs terminates, there is arranged
a yielding cateh, J, consisting of a block of metal arranged to pass horizontally
through one side of channeled bar E and to extend across the type channel g, as
shown in Figures 10, 11, 13 and 15-said block having two arms, as shown in
Figure 13, 14 and 15. The inner end of each arm of block or catch J is beveled
or inclined both on the end and on the upper face, the long face of the end bevel
being arranged toward the incoming type, as shown in said Figures 10 to 15.
A light spring k, bears upon the outer end of block or catch J and presses the
same inward with force sufficient to insure its engaging behind a section of the
line whenever such section is carried past it, yet light enough to permit the type to
force it out in going by it through the channel g.
The play of carrier G and its dogs is just sufficient to carry a line section
and wire a past the catch J with certainty, and the catch is necessary to hold the
line section against moving backward or falling over as the carrier recedes.
When the type pass from the portion of channel g which is furnished with the
springs j, it again becomes necessary to provide a support for the forward end of
the line, to prevent the type from falling forward, turning, or getting out
of position. Accordingly there is provided a slide K, Figures 1, 2, 3, 10, 11, 12
and 15, having a dove-tail portion to fit a groove or seat of like form in the bar E,
as shown in Figure 15, said groove extending lengthwise of the bar a sufficient
distance to permit due play or travel of the slide. At its inner or forward end the
slide K is perforated to receive the neck or stem of a block or detent L, Figures 1, 3, 7,
10, 11, 12, 13 and 15, which is normally pressed inward and caused to reach across

page_text: the channel g, by a light spring l, bearing upon the outer end of its stem, the
inward movement of the detent being limited by contact of its forward end with
the inner or further wall of channel g, or otherwise.
The side face of the block or detent L is vertical, and presents a perpendicular
stop or abutment against which the forward type of the line rests, as shown in
Figures 11 and 13. The slide K is held against movement with the type only by.
a light and highly elastic spiral or other spring m, one end of which is attached to
the slide and the other to the line galley F, or other convenient fixed support.
From this construction and arrangement it follows that, as the type line passes
the catch J, it will come into contact with stop L, which is close to the catch J,
and that as the line advances it will carry the stop. K before it, though subject
during such advance to the influence of the stop as controlled by the spring m.
For the purpose of enabling it to be forced back at the proper time by the
carrier or gauge N, which descends from above as hereafter explained, the upper
face of block or stop K is beveled where it extends into or across the channel
as shown in Figures 10 to 15 inclusive, and this is the purpose also of beveling
the upper faces of the inwardly extending arms of the catch J, as above noted.
9,
Having thus far explained the construction of the machine itself, it will be
convenient to examine the construction of the holder and gauge N, which descends
and clasps the line section fed in by the carrier G, when said section is carried
past the catch J or to the position indicated in Figures 11, 12, 13 and 14.
The purposes of the holder and gauge are, to receive and clasp the line section;
to carry it past the spacing station; to gauge or determine the length of the,
finished or justified line; and to carry the line thus completed to the device
which places it in the galley.
Referring now to Figure 20, the holder N will be seen to consist of, first, a rigid
frame or body, comprising two horizontal bars n and o, two vertical end bars p.,
both of which extend upward some distance above the upper bar n, and one of
which is formed with a T-shaped lug g and lastly, a depending leg r.
To the frame thus formed, there are hinged or pivotally attached, two levers s,
the free ends of which are pressed inward toward the body or frame of the
holder N by a spring O, opposite ends of which bear against the respective levers,,
as shown in Figures 1, 3 and 20. The spring is itself retained in position and its
pressure is regulated by a screw t, which enters a hole suitably tapped in the
bar n.
The ends of levers s are carried upward to the height of the end bars p, or
thereabout, and their inner faces or those opposed to the bars p are hollowed out
or curved on an arc of a circle corresponding with that of shaft C.
If the shaft
be threaded, the curved faces of the levers s may be threaded or grooved to
correspond, as indicated in Figure 4, though in practice a smooth face bearing
against the threaded shaft is found to work about as well.
The purpose of the construction thus far explained is to permit the holder to be
readily pressed or slipped into engagement with shaft C, to traverse the same, and
to be readily removed therefrom.
Fitting around the bar o of the frame of holder n as shown in Figures 4 and 20,
is a sleeve u, which is made in two or more pieces to enable it to be fitted about
the bar, and from this sleeve depends a vertical leg v, Figures 1, 3, 13, 14,
16 and 20. The sleeve u is formed with a raised portion w through which passes
and in which is clamped a reversible notched bar x, as shown in Figures 20 and 22.
As shown in Figure 20, both the upper and lower edges of bar a are notched,
but the notches of one edge alternate with those of another, so that a considerable
space is left between proximate notches of the same edge, while the actual distance
between an upper and a lower notch, measured longitudinally of the bar, is slight.
A clamping screw y Figure 22, holds bar a where adjusted.
Obviously, bar a may be otherwise held and adjusted.
As best shown in Figure 22, the end bars pp of the holder N are grooved.
vertically on their inner faces, and a vertically movable plate. P. has its ends guided
1.
"

page_text: in the grooves mentioned. The plate P is formed with a laterally projecting arm,
having at its end a finger which is of a size to fit nicely within one or another of
the notches of bar a, according to adjustment of the bar.
=
A spring a', carried by bar n, exerts a downward pressure upon plate P aud
causes finger to drop into the notch beneath it whenever the finger and notch.
come into alignment.
As shown in Figures 4 and 21, the bar o of holder N is bored or drilled
longitudinally to receive a spiral spring, which, bearing against a pin el.
projecting from the sleeve u through a slot in the wall of the spring chamber,
tends to force the sleeve and consequently the leg toward the fixed leg r.
At the time that the holder N descends to grasp a line section, its legs v and r
are separated, and the finger is seated in the notch of bar x, so that the parts are
locked in the position indicated, and this relation continues until the legs and
descend to proper position to clasp the line section between them. Both legs are.
furnished with rollers at their lower ends, upon which they travel.
As shown in Figures 16 and 20, leg of the holder N is provided with a
projecting rib or iug d' on its front face, the upper side of which is inclined, and
just above this rib the lower edge of sliding locking plate P is cut away, leaving
an incline e' as shown in said figures.
Qand R, Figure 22, indicate two spring arms, attached at one end of the
holder N, and having their opposite or free ends separated but bent inward toward
each other.
If the shafts C, D, are threaded, the inwardly turned ends of the spring arms
and R are fashioned to fit or seat themselves in the grooves of the thread of
shaft D, but if smooth shafts are employed, the bearing faces of the ends of the
springs are merely made oblique to the axes of the shafts, which arrangement will
cause a travel of the holder when the shaft upon which the ends bear is rotated.
T, Figures 1, 3, 4, 5, and 6, indicates a shaft or axle, supported at suitable
intervals in posts or standards rising from the table or bed of the main frame A.
Loosely encircling though nicely fitted upon this shaft, are ratchet wheels U,
five such wheels being shown in the drawing, but the number being variable
according to the character of the work to be performed by the machine, and like
considerations.
Made integral with or firmly secured to each ratchet wheel U is a disc V,
concentric with the ratchet wheel and with shaft T, as best shown in Figure 4.
$
It is important that each disc and ratchet be free to turn independently of all others,
for which reason they are separately and loosely mounted upon a fixed shaft as stated,
and it is likewise important that each movement of every disc be precisely gauged
and determined. To ensure this latter result, the ratchet teeth are cut with nicety,
and the throw of the actuating dogs is adjusted with precision, while a friction
brake offers sufficient resistance to prevent the momentum of the parts carrying
them beyond the proper points.
Such brake is represented in simple form in Figure 4, in which W indicates a
semi-circular friction block or yoke, pivotally attached to the frame A and pressed
against a collar on the ratchet wheel or disc V, or against the disc itself, by
means of a screw k² passing through a lug or stud projecting from the main
frame A. The friction will of course depend upon the adjustment of the screw .
By this provision all danger of over-movement is avoided.
9,
All the discs V intersect the bar E, in which is the type channel and each
disc has formed in it a series of openings m', which at their inner and outer ends
are of just sufficient size to receive a space such as used in justifying, but which are
enlarged between said ends, as shown in Figures 4 and 7, the enlargement being on
the forward side with reference to the direction of rotation of the discs.
At the side of each disc, and fulcrumed upon the shaft or axle T, is a lever X,
Figures 2 to 7, the inner end of which has connected with it a spring Y, Figures
and 5, which tends always to lift the outer end of the lever, and to hold it in

page_text: contact with the periphery of a cam Z, carried by the shaft B, there being a
separate lever for each disc and a special spring and cam for each lever.
To enable the cams to act successively and thus to keep at a low limit the power
required, they are advisably set at different angular adjustments about the shafts B,
as shown in Figure 1.
Each lever carries a dog or pawl n', Figures 1 to 6, which is pressed toward and
into engagement with the teeth of the ratchet wheel beneath it, by means of a
spring o¹, except when prevented from falling, as hereinafter described. The spring
may be omitted, but its use gives certainty and promptness of action and is for
that reason advisable.
It is important to regulate the throw of the levers X, and the consequent
movement of the ratchet wheels U and discs V with nicety in order to ensure
coincidence of openings m' with the channel g. Each lever is accordingly provided
with an adjustable wearing plate p¹, Figures 4 and 5, of wedge form or slightly
varying thickness longitudinally. By moving these plates forward or backward
upon their respective levers, the rise and fall of said levers may be varied as
required, the extent of movement remaining the same but the starting and stopping
points being simultaneously and equally shifted in one or the other direction.
Each plate is held at its proper adjustment by means of clamping screws, as
shown in Figure 4, or in any equivalent way.
The forward edges of the discs are covered and protected by guards A', as
shown in Figures 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 7, but omitted from Figure 10 to facilitate
illustration of construction and relation of parts. These guards cause the retention
by the discs of the spaces removed from the line, until a point at the lower side is
reached, where the spaces fall out and are gathered in suitable receptacles.
Just in rear of bar E is a series of blocks B', each having a channel or
passage which curves through ninety degrees of a circle or thereabout, and
which communicates with or forms a continuation of a space reservoir C¹, as shown
in Figures 2, 4 and 7. The mouth or end of each channel a' coincides in position
with the first opening m' of the disc V back of the type channel g, and consequently
will deliver a space into the opening m¹ whenever the line of spaces is urged
.forward.
A block or stop r₁ on the opposite side of each disc from the block B' prevents
the space from moving beyond the proximate face of the disc.
To advance the spaces and ensure their proper delivery into the openings m¹,
the space reservoir C¹ may be arranged at such an angle as to cause the spaces to
For con-
move forward by gravity, or a spring may be employed for the purpose.
venience of arrangement, however it is found preferable to place the reservoirs in
the position indicated in Figure 4, that is to say, at an inclination downward from
the delivery end; and to employ a follower s¹, which is urged against the rear end
of the line of spaces by a weight, connected with the follower by a cord or band t¹,
passing about a suitable pulley or pulleys, as shown in said figure.
As shown by the small detached sectional view forming part of Figure 5, the
rear wall of each opening m' of the discs V is cut away on one side, forming a
wedge-shaped edge. The front face of this wedge-shaped edge, or in other words,
the rear wall of opening m³, speaking with reference to the direction of rotation
of the disc, is no wider than, if as wide as, the space which it is to remove from
the line of matter to be justified; but the body of the disc is as thick as the
thicker space to be introduced in place of the one removed. The thin edge of the
wedge-shaped wall of the opening therefore serves to eject or push the thin space
out from the line, and the wedging action of the gradually thickening portion
serves to spread the type apart sufficiently to permit introduction of the thicker
space.
As previously mentioned, the matter is spaced in the act of composing it, spaces
being supplied in the same manner as the type themselves, that is to say by actuation
of a finger key; but the spaces thus supplied are quite thin and are peculiarly

page_text: nicked, that is to say, have a nick of proper size located at a point different from
that of the nicks of the type or of other spaces.
So too, the spaces supplied by each space reservoir are nicked differently
from those introduced in the act of setting the type and from those of other
reservoirs.
The nicking of the spaces determines the action or inaction of the discs V, as
presently explained.
Assuming now that the carrier G has engaged a wire a, at the end of a line
section, and moved the said wire and section forward to the position shown in
Figure 11, a bolder N will at once descend and clasp the same, owing to the
construction and arrangement of parts illustrated in Figures 1, 2, 3 and 4.
In said figures, ut indicates an electric conductor leading from a battery or other
source of electrical energy, and carried along the framework A past the several
spacing stations or points at which the discs V are located, but carefully insulated
from the framework. From the line u', a branch ', Figures 1 and 3, extends to
and makes electrical connection with an insulated contact spring w³. Secured to
the slide K and movable therewith is an insulated contact finger, from which a
covered wire or conductor y' passes to the helix of an electro-magnet D', the
armature ', of which is made fast to a rod a², movable in proper guides, and carrying
at its lower end an inclined or wedge-shaped block 2.
From the helix of the electro-magnet D' the conductor returns to the battery or
other source of electric energy. The wedge-shaped block is normally held in
the path of the head or enlargement 2 of a clutch-pin or bolt d, passing through
a cam wheel E', which bolt, when not thus withdrawn or held back, engages with a
hub or boss F made fast upon a shatt G¹.
The cam wheel E' is loosely carried upon the shaft G', which latter is continuously
rotated by belt or other connection from shaft A or other source of motion.
Owing to the fact that the cam wheel is free from the shaft, it follows that, so long
as the clutch pin is withdrawn, the wheel will remain at rest, but whenever the pin
is permitted to lock the cam wheel to the shaft, or to the hub thereon, the parts will
move as one.
It will now be perceived that, whenever slide K is carried far enough forward to
cause contact of finger and spring w', which can only happen when a line section
is advanced to the position indicated in Figure 11, an electric circuit will be
established or closed, in which the electro-magnet D' will be included, and that, as
a consequence, the armature 2' and the wedge block 62 will be lifted, permitting the
clutch pin to move forward under pressure of a spring e², and to lock the parts
together. When thus clutched or locked together, cam wheel E2 will rotate, and
will impart an oscillating movement to a lever H', a stud or pin f of which projects
into the groove g² of the wheel, as shown in Figure 4.
Being thus carried downward from its normal position, indicated in Figure 4, the
lever H engages a holder N at that time supported by shaft C or otherwise in the
position indicated at the left hand end of Figures 1 and 3 and in Figure 4, and
carries said holder downward before it. The end of the lever H' is suitably
fashioned to properly engage and bear upon the frame of holder N, and said holder
is guided in its descent by the T-shaped block g, Figure 20, travelling in a vertical
guideway of like form in the framework A of the machine.
In ascending, the lever H¹ engages a projection on a vertically movable slide 1',
Figures 3 and 4, carrying said slide upward against the force of a light spring h²,
and removing its lower end or arm from its position directly in the path of the
arm of the carrier G, as will be better understood upon reference to Figures 7
and 15.
Under this arrangement, should the carrier G advance to carry forward a line
section prematurely and before the preceding section should be duly clasped by the
holder N, or while lever H' is depressed, the arm of the carrier G striking against
arm of the slide would throw dogs e and of the carrier outward and cause them

page_text: to clear the wire a, Figures 11 and 13, and line channel g, and this condition would
continue until the lever H' again lifted.
At the moment of descending, the holders N are always spread or opened as in
Figures 20 and 22, that is to say, the slide u with its depending leg is forced
outward against the pressure of spring & until finger z of sliding plate P drops into
its proper notch in bar e and holds the parts in position, the separation of legs v
and being such as to permit them to readily pass down at opposite ends of the
line section as shown in Figure 13.
The positions of the parts are such too that, in descending, leg r strikes fair upon
the upper end of wire a, pushing the same downward before it through a hole kiu
the bottom of channel g. The legs r and also engage the beveled upper faces
of the upper arm of detent J and of support or block L, and force the same back,
as-indicated in Figure 14.
"
As the holder descends, and just before the lower ends of legs r and e, or the
rollers with which they are furnished, reach a bearing at the bottom of type
channel 9, the lower edge of locking plate P comes into contact with the head of a
screw as shown in Figure 14, and being arrested in its movement while that of
the body of the holder continues, a disengagement of finger and bar & results,
and leg is forced by spring 62 against the forward end of the line section.
In thus moving forward or inward, the leg v carries with it the notched bar x,
taking the notch which previously held the finger, out of alignment with said
finger, and consequently causing the finger z to rest upon the upper edge of bar x
and thus to maintain plate P in an elevated position, until, by justification, the line
is so lengthened as to force the leg v and bar x outward, bringing the notch of
bar directly beneath finger When this occurs the plate P may descend, but
not before.
In dropping into position, the holder N is placed in engagement with screw
shaft D through the spring arms Q R of Figures 4 and 22, or equivalent means,
and being free to advance by reason of having forced back the stop L, the
holder at once starts forward with the line section lightly clamped between its
legs r and v.
At the commencement of operations, all the discs V stand with one of their
openings min alignment with the type channel g of bar E, as indicated in Figure 10,
so that the type line may pass through such openings without hindrance.
As also shown in Figure 10, there is located at each spacing station and with its
forward end in close proximity to the disc V thereof, a "feeler," the peculiar form,
construction and arrangement of which are better illustrated in Figures 16, 17, 18
and 19.
The office of the feeler is to detect the arrival of one of the spaces to be
removed, within one of the openings m¹ of the disc V with which the feeler co-
operates, and as the spaces introduced during composition and at each station are
differently nicked, the feelers must be fashioned with reference to this difference, or
with a nose so located as to coincide with the nick of the particular spaces on which
it acts.
First examining Figures 17, 18 and 19, the feeler J' will be seen to consist of a
flat bar or strip of metal or other suitable material, the forward or inner end of
which is curved laterally and is furnished at its extremity with a nose or projection
designed to enter the nicking of the spaces between the type.
At a point between its ends the feeler J'is connected by a link m² with the bar E
or other support, so that it is free both to rock or tip upon either pivot or pin of
the link and to move longitudinally. A spring n², secured to the bar E and bearing
upon the feeler J', serves to press its forward end inward toward type channel g,
and forward into the opening in' of disc V at the time coincident with said channel,
except when held back by a locking pin o². The pin o² is formed with a head or
enlargement which is in the form of two cones with their bases together, or in other
words is bevelled above and below, as shown in Figures 16 and 17.
"

page_text: As shown in Figures 10, 16, 17, 18 and 19, the feeler J has the back or outer
face of its forward end inclined relatively to the main body, and said face is
pressed against and guided by an antifriction roller K. The roller permits easy
movement but ensures accurate guidance.
.
When the machine first begins to operate, all the feelers are held back and the
noses are withheld from the type channel g by the stop pins o', which pass down in
front of the feelers as shown in Figure 10, in which the feeler at the left is represented
as thus held back.
ひ
To release the feeler and permit it to go into action is the purpose of the wedge-
shaped projection or incline d' on the leg of holder N, best shown in Figures 16
and 20. As the holder advances along the channel g under the influence or action.
of screw shaft D, the inclined projection d' passes beneath the head of each pin o²
in succession, lifting said pins and releasing the feelers .J'.
As stated, the locking plate P of each holder N is raised when the holder enters
channel g, and remains elevated until the line section contained in it is justified,
whereupon the plate drops and locks the parts fast. When this occurs, the lower
edge of the plate P is brought to such level that the inclined face of will hear upon
the heads of any of the pins o2 in its path that may be elevated, and will force them
down, thereby locking out of action the feelers which such pins control; but if the
line is not justified, the plate remains at such height as to clear the pins o², and
consequently the feelers are left free to act or move inward.
Another lug d' on leg r, Figures 3 and 20, depresses the pins o² as the holder
passes them.
In Figure 16 the incline e' is shown as directly over the incline d', but it is to he
kept in mind that in said figure the plate P is represented in its elevated position,
and the leg has not yet been forced back or outward by justification and consequent
lengthening of the line. Such movement of leg v carries the incline d' beyond and
from under incline e', leaving the latter free to act when plate P assumes its lower
position, which it does the instant the line is justified.
Should there be any stations to pass after justification is thus performed, the
pins o² of such stations will be lifted by the incliue d¹, and immediately thereafter
depressed by the incline e¹, because, as noted, the incline is then low enough to act
upon the pin.
It will be seen upon referring to Figures 16 and 20 that the action of inclines </
and e' begins and ends with the travel of leg v of the holder N past the pins o², and
that consequently the action or inaction of the feeler following each pin is
determined just before the forward end of the type line section reaches such feeler.
As the type pass each feeler, the bodies of the type and spaces press back the
nose of the feeler, until a space nicked to correspond with the nose of such feeler
comes in front of said nose, whereupon the feeler springs forward, the nose entering
the nick of the space.
Owing to the employment of the link m² and to its location near the forward end
of the feeler J', the relatively slight forward movement of the feeler causes a
considerable lateral or facewise movement of the rear or outer end, to which is
secured an insulated contact finger or spring p, Figures 1, 2, 3, 7, 10, 17, 18 and 19.
In thus moving, the contact finger p' makes electrical contact with a similar
insulated finger 92, secured to bar E or other suitable support, and thereby
establishes an electric circuit which is best illustrated in Figure 3, and is as
follows-
[о the
Beginning with conductor ut, which, as already mentioned, leads from a battery
or other source of electric energy, current passes by branch conductors r
several fingers p2 of the feelers J₁, thence by such of the fingers as contact may
at the moment be made with, and by branch conductors s² to the helices of electro-
magnets L', and thence back to battery or source of supply, each electro-magnet being
independent of all others, and brought into circuit only by contact of the fingers p², g²
of its special branch r², s².
Facing each electro-magnet L' is a soft iron armature t², carried by the lower

page_text: end of an upright lever M', also best shown in Figure 3. Pin-jointed or otherwise
loosely connected with the upper end of each lever M' is a pin or bolt u², shown in
Figures 1, 2, 3, 6 and 7, said pin being guided and supported in a suitable block, as
shown.
The movement of the levers M! and consequently of the pins u2 is advisably
limited by suitable stops, and it is found expedient.in practice to form a groove or
notch in the upper side of the forward or free end of each pin, as shown in
Figures 2, 3 and 6.
So long as the respective electro-magnets L' remain inert or de-energised, that
is, so long as their respective circuits are not closed by contact of the fingers p² q²;
the levers M will be controlled by light-springs- N of insufficient strength to resist
the pull of the electro-magnets when the latter are energised, but sufficient at other
times to cause the pins u² to project through their supports or guides directly into
the paths of the dogs n' of levers X, which, as before explained, travel back and
forth continuously.
As shown in Figures 5 and 6, the forward end of each dog n' is bevelled or
rounded on the underside, and as a consequence the dog will ride upon and be lifted
by the pin u² during forward movement, whenever said pin projects into its path;
but when the pin is withdrawn, the dog drops into engagement with the teeth
of the ratchet wheel J beneath it, and will turn said wheel until again disengaged
by pin u².
To prevent possibility of premature movement of ratchet wheels U and their
attached dises V, the under face of each dog is grooved near one edge, forming a
rib w, which enters groove 3 of the pin and precludes withdrawal thereof until the
dog rides back clear of the pin.
From what has been stated it will be seen that when any feeler J' moves forward,
which it does whenever a space to be removed reaches it, the circuit of the electro-
magnet L' answering to or co-operating with such feeler is energised, withdraws
the pin u² and permits the dog n' of that station to go into action and to advance
the disc V of such station one step.
The nose of the feeler engages the type next to said space and prevents any
further advance of the type line, the perpendicular face of said nose preventing the
type from forcing the feeler back.
The disc V being thus caused to advance, the wedge-shaped rear wall or edge of
opening m', which opening has previously remained in alignment with type-
channel g, advancing, forces the type space before it, and against nose (2 of
feeler J, which latter is thus moved back, while the space removed is carried
forward beyond the feeler. The movement of the disc continuing until the next
succeeding opening is brought into alignment with type channel 9, the thicker
space contained in said opening is thereby brought into the place previously
occupied by the one removed, and to this extent the justification is effected.
The new space introduced being differently nicked from the one removed, and
its nick not registering with nose of the feeler J' of that station, said feeler cannot
move forward again until another space nicked to correspond with said feeler
reaches it, and the line being consequently free, advances along the channel g until
a space so nicked reaches the opening m¹ of disc V.
In travelling forward again the type line passes through opening m' of the disc
and carries the inserted substitute space along as part, of the line. This operation
is repeated at the first spacing station with each space contained in the line section
carried by the holder N, the spaces introduced at the first station, being nicked to
receive the feeler of the second station, those introduced at the second being nicked
for the third, and so on to the end of the series, or so long as the line requires
further justification.
When the line is completely justified, the leg v of holder N is forced away from
leg just far enough to bring a notch of bar x, Figures 20 and 22, beneath finger a
of locking plate P, which at once descends and carries finger z into said notch,
locking the parts against movement.

page_text: The plate P being thus lowered, its inclined face e will depress any locking
pins of that may be elevated in advance of it, and consequently the disc V cannot
go again into action even though other spaces nicked for that station should be
contained in said line section and thereafter pass such station; but succeeding
holders N will of course elevate the pins.
To prevent the locking pins o from falling of their own weight and locking the
feelers out of action when they should not do so, a friction device is provided for
each, consisting of a sliding pin 2, one end of which bears against the stem of
pin o² and the other end of which is pressed by a light spring" 2 as shown in
Figures 16 and 17.
When the justified line section is finally locked in the holder N, said, holder
continues to travel uninterruptedly to the end of the channel g, and until its forward
end enters a vertical slot or guideway 2, formed in the upright of frame A at said
point, as shown in Figures 1 and 9.
As shown in Figures 1 and 3, the bar E in which the type channel g is formed,
terminates at a distance from the end of frame A equal to or somewhat greater
than the greatest length of justified line for which the machine is designed, so that
when the holder N reaches the end of its travel, the justified line may be pressed
laterally or facewise from the holder N, into a galley N at that point.
The galley N10, as shown in Figures 2 and 8, rests upon an inclined bed or
support, to which it is clamped in any convenient manner, the edge of its bottom
plate extending to a point just about in line with type channel g and directly in
front of holder N when the latter is at the end of its travel.
Facing the open space formed by the cutting away or omission of bar E, is a
slide or bunter O1, Figures 1, 2, 3 and 8, which is normally pressed back from the
line of the type channel g by a spring a³, bearing at one end against a fixed support
and at the other against the bunter, as shown in Figure 2. The office of the bunter
is to force the justified line from the holder N and to lay the same against the
previously justified line or other support in the galley N10.
A friction block P' made in two parts and provided with an intermediate right-
and-left screw, or equivalent device, is employed to sustain the matter deposited in
the galley, a lead or rule being laid against block P', which at first is placed close
to the edge of the galley.
The bunter is moved forward at proper times by a cam wheel or eccentric Q
loosely mounted upon shaft B, and is returned by spring a³ as the cam recedes.
To provide for ejecting lines of different lengths, according to the adjustment of
the holders N, the forward edge of the bunter is formed of two plates or parts ³
and c³, Figures 2 and 8, one of which is slotted and adjustable relatively to the
other, as indicated in Figures 2 and 8, the adjustable member being held in its
proper position by a clamping screw d³, or equivalent means.
The lip or edge formed by the two parts and c³, rests upon or moves over a
support, which prevents the type line from falling inward or toward the
hunter.
There is more or less variation in the time required to justify different lines, and
consequently some irregularity in the periods of arrival of the holders in front of
the galley, and the movements of cam wheel Q' must of course be so controlled as
to correspond with the arrival of holders at said point. To this end, in connection
with cam wheel Q', is employed a clutch mechanism, in all essential particulars the
same as that used with cam wheel E, which mechanism is illustrated in Figures I,
2, 3, 8 and 9.
As before mentioned, a vertical slot or guideway 2, Figures 1 and 9, is made to
receive the end of holder N. The purpose of this guideway is to stay and support
the holder during the removal of the type therefrom, and also to guide the holder
in its transfer from shaft D to shaft C.
Projecting at one end into the guideway 22 is a sliding pin or stud f³, the opposite
end of which bears against a spring plate g³ insulated from the framework of the
machine, the pin f³ being made of non-conducting material or insulated from the

page_text: spring plate g³. A second insulated spring plate h³ overlaps the plate g³, but is
slightly removed therefrom, so that normally, no contact is made between them;
but when the holder N presses against the head of the pin f³, the plate g³ is forced
against plate h³ and an electric circuit is closed or completed, in which is included
an electro-magnet R¹, Figures 1 and 8.
The armature ³ of magnet R¹ is secured to the upper end of a sliding bar k³
carrying at its lower end an inclined block or wedge 13, which, normally engaging
the head m³ of a clutch pin or bolt n³ passing through a disc S' fast to shaft B,
withdraws said pin against the pressure of a spring and prevents said pin
from entering into engagement with cam wheel Q₁ and causing said wheel to
rotate with shaft B. When the electro-magnet R is energised, however, that
is to say, whenever a holder N-presses against pin f³ and causes contact of the
two-members of the circuit closer, a-current passes from the battery or other
source of electrical energy to the helix of the magnet, thence through said circuit
closer and back to battery. The magnet is thereby energised, attracts armature 13,
permits clutch pin n³ to clutch cam wheel Q', and causes the latter to rotate with
shaft B which turns in the direction indicated in Figure 8.
As the wheel or eccentric Q' thus rotates, it first bears against slide or bunter O¹
and causes its plates to press evenly against the line of type in holder N,
from end to end, and to force the same from the holder and over against the
previously ejected line in the galley. The pressure of the bunter is applied near the
upper ends of the type, which, resting against or coming first into contact with
the preceding line at the lower end, are tipped over laterally and caused to take
the same inclination as and to lie flat against the preceding line.
Each line as it is placed in the galley, forces the entire body previously
contained therein downward into the galley, the friction block P' offering only
sufficient resistance to prevent the type from falling over or getting out of
shape.
As the cam wheel or eccentric Q' continues to rotate, it passes out of contact
with bunter slide O', which recedes under the action of spring a³, and the wheel or
eccentric then rises beneath and elevates a lifter T, one end of which extends
beneath the holder N, and in rising, carries said holder upward and places it in
mesh or engagement with the upper shaft C, by which it is returned to position to
be lowered by carrier H' as before explained. To prevent undue friction, the
lifter is furnished with a roller p³ against which the cam wheel or eccentric Q
bears, and with another roller q3 at its free end, to bear against the under side of
holder N.
As soon as the lifter reaches the proper height to place the holder N in
engagement with shaft C, it descends, and the cam wheel or eccentric Qbeing
unclutched, owing to the removal of pressure from pin and the consequent
de-energising of magnet R¹, the lifter rests upon the bunter, ready to rise beneath
the next holder at the proper time.
The foregoing description has been confined to the precise form and arrangement
of parts shown, which, except as to occasional unimportant details, are such as
have been employed with very satisfactory results in a full sized operative
machine. It is, however, manifest that in many particulars the details may be
modified, that other well known mechanical movements may be substituted for
some of those shown and described, that the form and construction of circuit
closers, contacts, etcetera, may be varied within the large field of such contrivances
now common and well known, and that generally the mechanism set forth is merely
one approved embodiment of this invention. In other words my correspondent
believes himself to be the first to justify printing matter by first introducing thin
spaces between words, next removing said spaces successively and substituting
others of slightly greater thickness, and repeating this operation until the line is
brought to the required length, and this method is claimed broadly.
So too, he believes himself to be the first to devise automatic mechanism for
removing one set of spaces; mechanism to introduce other spaces; mechanism to

page_text: carry a line section successively to different spacing stations or devices;
mechanism for removing a justified line from its holder and for placing the same
properly in a galley, and these and various other novel features and combinations
are claimed broadly and without restriction to specific details.
It is particularly to he observed that under the peculiar method of justification
herein set forth, the spacing between words is uniform throughout the line, and
the appearance of the work is therefore materially better than even careful band
work.
Manifestly, mechanically controlled clutches may be substituted for the electro-
magnetic clutches shown.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, as communicated to me by
my foreign correspondent, I declare that what I claim is :-
1. The method of justifying type which consists in producing a line of type
matter of slightly less than the required length, and with thin spaces between
words; replacing each thin space in succession with another of the next greater
thickness; and then replacing the substituted spaces in succession with others of
the next greater thickness, such substitution being continued until the line is
brought to the required length.
2. The herein described mode of justifying type matter, which consists in the
following steps: First, producing a line slightly shorter than the intended length of
the justified line, with thin spaces between words; next, placing such line in a
holder capable of expansion to the required length of line but incapable of further
expansion while in use; and lastly, removing the thin spaces successively and
substituting others of slightly greater thickness until the line is brought to the
requisite length and the limit of expansion of the holder is reached.
3. The preliminary steps in the process of justifying type matter, which consist
in separating a line of composed type into sections. each slightly less in length
than the contemplated length of the justified line, placing at the end of each such
section a wire or stem longer than the type, and adjusting said wire or stem so that
its ends project both above and below the type, whereby the ends of the sections
are marked and a hold is afforded above and below the type for a feeding or
carrying device.
4. The method of justifying printing matter, which consists in first producing a
line of composed type slightly less in length than the contemplated length of
justified line, with thin spaces at the points requiring spaces, clasping said line or
section in a holder capable of expansion to the contemplated length of line;
forcing the thin spaces successively from the line and introducing thicker ones in
their places, and repeating this operation until the line is lengthened and the
holder is expanded to the predetermined length; locking the holder against further
expansion, moving the holder to a position in line with a receiving galley, and
forcing the justified line from the holder into the galley.
5. In a type-justifying machine, the combination of a chaunel; automatic feeding
mechanism for introducing into said channel a type line to be justified; an auto-
matic ejecting device for removing spaces from said line; and an automatic carrier
for inserting thicker spaces in lieu of those removed.
6. In a type-justifying machine, the combination of feeding mechanism for
introducing a line section to be justified; a gauge or holder to determine the length
of the finished line; a locking device for said gauge, adapted to lock it against
expansion beyond the predetermined length of line; means for effecting a travel of
the gauge and line section; an ejector for removing spaces from sail line section ;
a carrier for introducing thicker spaces in lieu of those removed; and mechanism
for delivering the justified line into a receiving galley.
7. In a type-justifying machine, the combination of a channeled bar or typeway,
adapted to receive and guide a line of composed type, a gauge or holder movable
along said way and serving to hold the type line and to determine and limit its

page_text: length, and an ejector movable across the channeled bar or way and serving to
force from the line the spaces contained therein, said parts being automatic in
their action.
8. In a type-justifying machine, the combination of a channeled bar or typeway
adapted to, receive and guide a line of composed type, a gauge or holder movable
along said way and serving to determine and limit the length of the line, and an
ejector movable across the typeway and serving to remove spaces therefrom and to
open the line for insertion of.a wider space.
9. In a type-justifying machine, the combination of a chauneled bar or typeway
adapted to receive and guide a line of type, a gauge or holder movable along said
typeway and serving to hold the line of type and to determine and limit its length,
a plate movable across the typeway and provided with a wedge-shaped or beveled
edge and with a recess in rear thereof to contain a type-space; and automatic
mechanism for moving said plate; whereby the thin edge is caused to eject from
the line a space contained therein, the wedge-shaped portion is caused to open the
line for a thicker space, and said thicker space is carried into the line.
10. In a type-justifying machine, the combination of a channeled bar or typeway,
provided with an opening at right angles to the type channel, and a rotatable disc
extending into said opening and across the type channel, and provided with
openings for the passage of the line of type through the disc.
11. In a type-justifying machine, the combination of a channeled bar or typeway
provided with an opening at right angles to the type channel, and a rotatable disc
extending into said opening and across the type channel, and provided with a
series of openings through which the type line may pass, the rear wall of each
opening of the disc being of wedge-shape with the thin edge forward, substantially
as and for the purpose set forth.
12. In a type-justifying machine, the combination of a channeled bar or typeway,
provided with an opening at right angles to the type channel; a rotatable disc
extending into said opening and across the type-channel, and provided with
openings through which the type line may pass, and a space reservoir communicating
with one of the disc openings in rear of the typeway.
13. In combination with a channeled bar or typeway, a disc movable through
the same across the type-channel, and provided with openings through which the
type line may pass, and means for rotating said disc.
14. In combination with a channeled bar or typeway, a disc movable through
the same across the type channel, and provided with openings at uniform intervals
through which the type line may pass; and means substantially such as described
for imparting a step-by-step rotation to the disc.
15. In a type-justifying machine, the combination of a channeled bar or typeway,
a series of discs intersecting the typeway, and provided with openings to permit
the passage of the type-line; space reservoirs communicating with the openings in
the discs, and means for rotating the discs independently.
16. In a type-justifying machine, the combination of a channeled bar or typeway;
a gauge or holder movable along said typeway, adapted to hold a line of type and
to determine and limit its length; and a plate or carrier movable across the
typeway, and adapted to remove a space therefrom, to open the line, and to
introduce a thicker space in lieu of the one removed.
17. In a type-justifying machine, the combination of a channeled bar or typeway,
a gauge or holder movable along the typeway, adapted to grasp a line of type, and
expansible to the contemplated length of line; a disc extending across the typeway
and provided with a series of openings each adapted to contain a type space; and
means substantially such as described and shown for imparting a step-by-step
.rotation to the disc.
18, In a type-justifying machine, the combination, with a channeled bar or
typeway, of an expansible holder movable along said typeway and adapted to hold
a line of type; means for effecting the travel of said holder, and a series of carriers

page_text: movable across the typeway and adapted to remove spaces from the line as it
passes the discs, and to substitute thicker ones for those removed.
19. In combination with a channeled bar or typeway, a type-holder movable
along said way, adapted to hold a line of type and to limit and determine the
length of said line; a detent located at the side of the typeway and adapted to
move forward into the same and to arrest the line of type in the holder whenever a
space nicked to correspond with the detent comes into line with said detent; and a
plate or carrier adapted to remove the nicked space and force back the detent.
20. The combination, with a channeled bar or typeway, of a type-holder movable
along said way, an arresting device adapted to arrest the travel of the holder
whenever a properly nicked space comes under its action; and an ejecting device
adapted and arranged to remove such space from the line, and to force back the
arresting device.
21. In combination with a channeled bar or typeway, a series of plates movable
across said typeway and provided with openings for the reception and passage of
type, a series of reservoirs communicating with the openings of said plates and
adapted to deliver differently nicked spaces to said openings; and a series of detents,
each adapted to enter the nicking of one class of spaces only, and to arrest the
travel of a line of type along the chaunel or typeway whenever a space of its class.
comes opposite such detent.
22. In combination with a channeled bar or typeway; a plate movable across
the typeway and provided with an opening through it to permit the sidewise
passage of a type, the rear wall of said opening being beveled or wedge-shaped, and
a detent adapted to move forward into said opening and to enter a notch or nick in
a type space in the typeway whenever a properly nicked space comes opposite
said detent; whereby the line is arrested during the removal of said space from
the line, and the detent is forced back by the advance of the plate across the
typeway.
23. The combination, in a type-justifying machine, of the following elements: A
channeled bar or typeway; means for moving a line of type along said way; a
yielding support for the forward end of the type-line; a holder to clamp the line of
type; a carrier to move said holder to the typeway; mechanism for actuating said
carrier; an electro-magnetic controlling device for bringing said mechanism into
or throwing it out of action; and a circuit closer adapted to complete the electric
circuit of said controlling device when the yielding line support reaches a prescribed
position.
24. In a type-justifying machine, the combination of a channeled bar or typeway;
a plate movable across the typeway; mechanism for moving said plate; a detent
for holding said mechanism out of action; an electro-magnet for withdrawing said
detent; a feeler adapted to enter a nick in a type space of the line to be justified
whenever such space comes into alignment with the plate; and a circuit closer
adapted to complete the circuit of the electro-magnet when the feeler enters the
nick of the space; whereby the plate is caused to move and eject the space when
the latter comes into alignment therewith.
25. In combination with a channelled bar or typeway, a type-holder movable
along said way, and automatic mechanism substantially such as described and shown
for justifying the type in said holder; a galley located by the side of the typeway;
abunter movable across the typeway and adapted to deliver the type from the
holder to the galley; mechanism for actuating said bunter, and a clutch controlled
by the holder and adapted to throw the bunter into operation when the holder
brings the type properly in front of the galley.
26. The combination, in a type-justifying machine, of the following elements: A
channeled bar or typeway; means for moving a line of type along said way; a
yielding support for the forward end of the line; a holder to clamp the line of
type; a carrier to move said holder to the typeway; mechanism for actuating said
carrier, and a clutch controlling said mechanism, and in turn controlled by the'
yielding line-support.

page_text: 27. In a type-justifying machine, the combination of a channeled bar or typeway,
a plate movable across said way; mechanism for moving said plate; a detent for
holding said mechanism out of action; means for withdrawing said detent; and a
feeler adapted to enter a nick in a type space of the line to be justified whenever
such space comes into alignment with the plate, and also to control the action of the
mechanism by which the detent is withdrawn.
28. In combination with a channeled bar or typeway, a type-holder movable
along said way, and means substantially such as described and shown for justifying the
type in said holder; a galley located by the side of the type-way; a bunter movable
across the typeway and adapted to deliver the type from the holder to the galley;
mechanism for actuating said bunter; a clutch controlling the action of said
mechanism; an electro-magnet controlling said clutch, and a circuit closer located
in the path of the holder and serving to complete the circuit of the electro-magnet
when the holder reaches the end of its travel along the typeway.
29. The herein described type-justifying machine, comprising the following
elements in combination; A. suitable framework; a channeled bar or typeway; a
series of type-holders movable along said way; means for moving said holders along
the way and returning them to the starting point; plates intersecting and movable
across the typeway and provided with openings for the passage of the type line;
means for moving said plates; and feelers, one for each plate, controlling the action
of the mechanism by which said plates are moved.
30. In.a type-justifying machine, the combination of a suitable framework; a
channeled bar or typeway E; a series of discs V intersecting said typeway and
provided with ratchet wheels U, levers X provided with dogs n', feelers J', and
detents u² for holding the dogs n¹ out of action, said detents being controlled by the
feelers J, substantially as set forth.
31. In combination with a channeled bar or typeway, a carrier G having arms e
and movable above and below the typeway; and means for moving said carrier
along the typeway; whereby the carrier is adapted to engage a wire or device
introduced into the type-line and projecting above and below the same, and
thereby to carry forward the type in advance of said wire, but is enabled to clear
the type.
32. The combination, with a typeway or channel, of a carrier G comprising a
rockshaft d and arms e, f, the latter extending above and below the typeway or
channel, and a spring i serving to hold the arms normally across said typeway.
33. In combination with a typeway or channel, a carrier for advancing type along
said channel, comprising a rockshaft, an arm projecting from said rockshaft across
the type-channel, an arm projecting from said rockshaft away from said channel;
and a movable stop adapted to be placed in the path of the latter arm, and, by
arresting the same, to throw the carrier out of action.
34. In combination with a typeway or channel y, carrier G, comprising rock-
shaft d and arms e, f and h, and sliding bar [2 having stop 2 adapted to arrest the
arm h and to swing arms e, f away from channel 9 as the carrier G moves
forward.
35. In combination with carrier G having arms e, f and h, slide or bar 12; and
carrier lever Hadapted to depress said slide and to carry it into the path of arm h
of carrier G.
36. In a type-justifying machine, the combination of a channeled bar or typeway,
a carrier adapted to move a line of type along said way, a holder to receive said
line of type, and a series of overlapping springs, extending along one side of the
typeway throughout that portion of its length through which the carrier moves the
type, whereby the line is subjected to light and even pressure at numerous points,
and disarrangement of the line is prevented.
37. In combination with typeway or channel g, slide K; block L carried by and
movable at right angles to slide K; spring 1 bearing against block L and serving
to keep its beveled forward end normally within the channel g; spring m, attached

page_text: to slide K; and a holder or gauge adapted to enter the type channel to bear upon
the beveled end of block L, and thereby to force back the latter.
38. In combination with type channel g, yielding support L; catch or detent. J ;
and holder N provided with legs r and adapted to bear upon and to force back
the support and the detent, substantially as set forth.
39. In combination with channel g having reduced lower channel b; carrier G,
provided with arms e and f, the latter extending into the lower channel b.
40. In combination with channel 9 having opening, holder N, provided with
leg r.
41. In combination with channel 9 provided with opening ²; detent J; and
holder N provided with leg r.
42. The combination of channel provided with opening ²; detent J, and
yielding support L extending into said channel and having their ends beveled
substantially as set forth; and holder N provided with legs rand v adapted to
move downward directly over the detent and opening ³, and over support L,
substantially as and for the purpose explained.
43. In combination with type-channel 9, a plurality of feelers J¹ each having a
nose or extension to enter a properly located nick in the type spaces passing
through said channel and to hold the type line against movement, the nose or
extension of each feeler being out of line with that of the next, whereby each is
adapted to enter a space nicked to correspond with its location but is prevented
from entering spaces not so nicked.
44. In combination with type channel g, a feeler J' movable into and out of said
channel; and a locking pin o adapted to pass in front of the feeler and withhold it
from the channel.
45. In combination with channel 9, a feeler J' movable into and out of said
channel; a stop pin o² to prevent the inward movement of the feeler; and a friction
device to prevent the accidental displacement of the pin.
46. In combination with a typeway or channel g, a feeler movable to and from
said channel; a stop pin o² to prevent the advance of the feeler, provided with a
head or enlargement, and a type-holder N adapted to traverse the typeway and
provided with an inclined rib di to pass beneath the head of the pin and elevate the
Fame.
47. In combination with a typeway or channel g; a feeler movable to and from
said channel, a stop pin o² to prevent the advance of the feeler, provided with a
head or enlargement; and a type-holder N adapted to traverse the typeway and
provided with an inclined rib d to pass beneath the head of the pin and elevate the
pin, and with incline e to depress the same.
48. In combination with typeway or channel g, feeler J¹; link m²; and roller K'
forming a bearing and guide for the feeler.
49. In combination with typeway or channel g, feeler J; and link m² connecting"
said feeler with its support, whereby the feeler is adapted to rock or to tip and to
move bodily forward and backward.
50. In combination with typeway or channel 9; plate V movable across said
typeway and provided with openings m', and feeler J' adapted to move forward'
iuto the openings m².
51. In combination with typeway or channel 9, plate V movable across said
channel, and provided with openings m¹ having their rear walls beveled substan-
tially as described, and feeler J¹ provided with nose P, adapted to move forward
into the openings m³.
52. In combination with typeway or channel g; feeler J¹ provided with nose 1,
link m² connecting said feeler with its support, and spring n² bearing upon the
feeler and pressing its nose forward toward channel g.
53. In combination with typeway or channel g; feeler J' provided with an
insulated contact finger på, whereby it is adapted to serve also as a circuit
closer.

page_text: 54. The combination of a typeway or channel, a yielding support extending into
said channel to sustain the incoming type, an insulated contact finger movable with
said support, a second contact finger in the path of the first, a holder to clamp and
hold the type in the channel, a carrier to move said holder to the channel, a clutch
controlling the movement of the carrier; and an electro-magnet controlling said
clutch and included in the circuit with said contact fingers; whereby the carrier is
brought into action when said fingers meet.
55. In combination with a typeway or channel g; a disc V movable across said
channel and provided with openings m; a ratchet wheel U fast to the disc; a
dog n adapted to engage and move said ratchet wheel; a pin or bolt u² movable to
and from the path of the dog and_adapted to hold the latter out of action, an
-electro-magnet for withdrawing the pin from the path of the dog; a feeler J'
movable to and from the opening m of the disc; and a circuit closer carried by
said feeler and adapted to close the circuit when the feeler advances, and thereby
to cause the withdrawal of the pin, the engagement of the dog, and the advance of
the disc.
56. In combination with channel or typeway 9, and disc V provided with ratchet
wheel U; dog n¹ adapted to impart motion to the ratchet wheel, and provided with
rib w³, and pin or bolt u2 movable into and from the path of said dog, and provided
with groove to receive the rib w², substantially as and for the purpose set
forth.
57. In combination with typeway or channel g, carrier G provided with arm h,
carrier H' for delivering the type-holder N to the channel; and slide or bar I'
arranged in the path of carrier H' and serving to arrest arm h of carrier G.
58. In combination with typeway or channel g, a plate, as V, movable across
said typeway and provided with openings m¹; a reservoir to contain type spaces;
a guide B' extending from the reservoir to one of the openings m', and a block or
body placed in line with the mouth of guide B' but on the opposite side of
plate V therefrom, to prevent the spaces passing through or beyond the plate.
59. The carrier G, comprising a guiding bar, a slide movable upon said bar; a
rockshaft mounted in said slide and provided with arms e, f, and a spring i serving
to turn said rockshaft in one direction.
•
60. In combination with channel or typeway g, a carrier G constructed substan-
tially as shown and described, and a lever H and cam I for imparting a reciprocating
motion to said feeder.
61. In combination with typeway or channel g, disc V provided with openings m³,
ratchet wheel U connected with said disc; lever X; dog n' carried by said lever,
spring Y attached to lever X; and cam or eccentric Z bearing upon the lever, all
substantially as described and shown.
62. In a machine for justifying type, the combination, with a typeway or
channel of ratchet wheel U and disc V, lever X provided with dog n' and with
adjustable plate p¹, and cam or eccentric Z, arranged to bear upon said plate,
substantially as and for the purpose explained.
63. In combination with channel or typeway 9, and disc V provided with
openings m¹ space reservoir C¹; guide B¹; follower s¹; and means substantially.
such as shown and described for advancing the follower.
64. In combination with a typeway or channel 9, a type-holder movable along
said channel and adapted to contain a line of type and to determine and limit its
length; a bunter O' movable across the typeway and serving to remove type from
the holder; a galley to receive the type; mechanism for actuating said bunter, and
a clutch controlled by the type-holder and serving to start the bunter-actuating
mechanism when the holder comes directly opposite the receiving galley..
65. In combination with typeway or channel g, a holder N movable along said
way, a galley or receiver N10 for the type, a bunter to deliver the type from the
holder into the receiver, a cam or eccentric Q to move said bunter, a clutch m³ to
connect the cam or eccentric with a driving shaft, an electro-magnet R¹ to move

page_text: said clutch, and a circuit closer located in the path of holder N and serving to
complete the circuit of the electro-magnet when the holder comes opposite the
galley or receiver.
66. In a type-justifying machine, the combination of a typeway or channel, a
type-holder movable along said channel, a supporting way for the return of said
holder out of line with the typeway; a carrier for moving the holder from the
typeway to the return-way; a second carrier for moving the holder from the
return-way to the type-way, and automatic mechanism substantially such as described
for imparting motion to the holder and the carriers.
67. The combination, in a machine for justifying type, of a typeway or channel;
two shafts in different planes, parallel with said channel; a type-holder movable
along said channel and provided with devices to engage with said shafts; and
shifting or transfer devices adapted to transfer the holders from. one shaft to the
other at each end of the line of travel.
68. In combination with a typeway or chanuel g, shafts C, D, holder N provided
with a yielding device to engage with one or the other of said shafts according to
the position of the holder; a carrier H₁ for lowering the holder from shaft C to
shaft D; a lifter T' to elevate the holder from shaft D to shaft C; and means
substantially as described for imparting motion to said parts.
69. The herein described holder and gauge for use in a type-justifying machine,
consisting of a main frame provided with arms p p; a fixed leg r; a movable
leg v; a spring b¹ tending to move leg v toward leg r; a notched bar x; a locking
plate P provided with a finger to enter a notch of the bar x; levers s s, and
spring o, combined as shown.
70. A holder or gauge for use in a type-justifying machine, comprising the
following elements in combination; a main frame provided with a fixed leg; a
movable leg; a spring to cause the approach of said legs; and a locking device to
hold the movable leg when moved a given distance from the fixed one.
71. The holder N, comprising a main frame, a fixed leg v; a sliding leg r; a
reversible notched bar a movable with leg r; and a locking plate P, adapted to
engage the notched bar, all substantially as shown and described.
72. In combination with the framework of a type-justifying machine provided
with a guideway, a type-holder N provided with a head q to enter said guideway
and direct the holder to the typeway or channel.
73. In combination with shaft C of a type-justifying machine, a type-holder N
provided with arms p p, and yielding arms or levers ss to clasp said shaft.
74. The combination of a typeway or channel, a detent adapted to enter said
channel, a pin o² for holding back the detent, a type-holder having a depending
leg v to enter the channel, and an inclined rib d' upon said leg, to move the pin o².
75. The combination, with a typeway or channel, a detent adapted to enter the
same, and a pin to hold said detent out of the channel, of a typeholder comprising
a main frame, a fixed leg r, and movable leg v provided with inclined rib d', and
a locking plate P provided with an inclined face e', substantially as and for the
purpose explained.
76. In combination with the typeway or channel of a type-justifying machine, a
type-holder provided with legs v and r, and with rollers in the lower ends of said
legs to rest upon the bottom of the channel.
77. In a type holder or gauge for use in a type-justifying machine, the com-
bination of a main frame provided with a fixed leg; a movable member provided
also with a leg; a notched bar carried by the movable member; and a locking
plate adapted to engage in a notch of said bar.
78. In a type-holder or gauge for use in a type-justifying machine, the com-
bination of a main frame provided with a rigid leg; a movable member provided
also with a leg; a reversible bar carried by the movable member and provided with
alternating notches in its opposite edges; and a locking plate adapted to engage.
with one or another of the notches when the legs are forced apart, substantially as
described.

page_text: 02
79. In combination with typeway or channel and with feelers J' adapted to
enter said typeway, stop pins o2 provided with heads or enlargements and serving
to hold back the feelers, and type-holder or gauge N provided with inclined rib d..
80. In combination with typeway or channel g, a feeler J'adapted to enter said
channel, a stop pin o² to prevent the forward movement of the feeler, and a type-
holder N provided with inclined rib d' and inclined face e¹ respectively, serving to.
elevate and to depress the locking pin.
Dated this 4th I
£T 1001