Improved Churning Apparatus.
Year: 1893

page_text: Date of Application, 6th Oct., 1893
Complete Specification Left, 6th July, 1894-Accepted, 11th Aug., 1894
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improved Churning Apparatus.
I, THOMAS BRADFORD, of Sandymount, Pendleton, Manchester, Dairy Engineer,
do hereby declare the nature of the said invention to be as follows:-
This invention relates to improved box churning apparatus, the invention having
special reference to a novel and peculiar forination of churning dash, and to an
improved formation and arrangement of a lid or cover for such churns.
In carrying out the invention, the containing vessel is made of a tapered or such
other form as will cause the creamy contents to gravitate towards and to a vertically
disposed plane in which a dash of the novel and peculiar construction hereinafter
described is situated and rapidly rotated, so that all particles of the said contents
will be caused to be equally acted upon by the dash.
The improved dash is mounted on a spindle, which, at one end, is made of steel
and highly polished and is supported at the inner side of one side of the vessel by a
thimble bearing, so as to minimize the frictional resistance, the other end of the
spindle passing through the opposite side of the vessel, on the outer side of which
it is fitted with speed gearing.
Centrally of its length within the vessel, the spindle is formed with a screwed
boss or part, or is otherwise equivalently formed, so as to be adapted to carry and
impart rotary motion to and to be readily separated from the dash.
The dash is formed with a hub adapted to engage in a readily separable manner
with said central part of its carrying spindle, the forward rotation of which may
screw itself into so as to secure the dash thereto during the churning operation, and
a backward rotation of which may effect the disconnection of the parts, or such
parts may be otherwise connected so as to be adapted to co-act as aforesaid.
From the hub radiates a following series of arms or spokes disposed in a vertical
plane and formed or provided at their outer ends as or with bowl-like spoons or
spatula ends which compose the periphery of the dash, and serve, when in rapid
rotation, as very effective means of picking up and centrifugally dispersing the
cream against the ends and lid of the churn in a stream of separating drops, which
causes the butter particles to be most rapidly formed, and as equally effective
means of creating a vortex-like agitation and aeration of the cream most desirable
for butter making.
Immediately upon being propelled against the ends and lid of the churn the
butter particles fall back into the vortex of cream in the lower part of the vessel
and such operation continues until the churning operation is completed.
In lieu of the spoon-shaped breakers, I can use a like following series of scimitar
or crescent-shaped blades adapted to give the same centrifugal and individually
dispersive action.
Around the sides of and within the open top of the containing vessel, I arrange
bevelled or angular ledges which serve to arrest and deflect any cream propelled
against the top angles of the vessel, and to support an adjustable lid which is made
of a less length than is the top part of the vessel, leaving a space on its unsupported
edge between it and the adjacent end of the vessel. To this edge I secure an
obliquely disposed dash-board which is directed downwards into the vessel towards
but so as still to leave a space between it and the adjacent end of the vessel.
The lid, being adjustable, permits of the space or opening being regulated (by
sliding the lid endwise or otherwise as most convenient) in accordance with the
speed at which the spoon-like dash is driven, and so permits of the rotation of the

page_text: latter being caused to induce such a current of air into the vessel as will best
conduce to a perfect aeration of the butter particles. This formation of lid also
allows of the escape of any deleterious gases disengaged by the churning operation,
and of the progress of the operation being constantly kept under visual inspection,
while at the same time it confines and prevents the escape of any of the material
under treatment.
Dated this 6th day of October 1893.
DAY, DAVIES & HUNT,
321, High Holborn, London, W.C., Agents for the Applicant.
Improved Churning Apparatus.
1, THOMAS BRADFORD, of Sandymount, Pendleton, Manchester, Dairy Engineer,
do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement :-
This invention relates to high-speeded box churning apparatus, the same having
special reference to a novel and peculiar formation of churning dash suitable for
such churns of small capacities, and to an improved formation and arrangement of
lid or cover for such churns and which is also applicable to such churns of large
capacities.
On the accompanying drawings,—
Figs. 1 and 2, represent sectional elevations at right angles to each other of a
churn adapted with the present improvements.
a, represents the contaiuing vessel in which the improved dash is mounted so as
to rotate in a vertical plane.
The bottom angles a', of the vessel are inclined so as to cause its creamy contents
to gravitate towards the plane in which the dash rotates so as to tend to cause the
entire contents to be equally acted upon by the dash.
The dash is constructed with a following series of fingers 6', radiating from a
hub 6, in or substantially in a plane common to the series. I prefer to form such
fingers of the hollowed spoon-like formation represented on the drawings, as I find
such formation to be of singular advantage in picking up and dispersing the cream
against the ends and lid of the churn as desired.
may use such a series of fingers alone or conjunctively with other radiating
fingers formed with one or two flat sides inclined towards the sides of the churn and
adapted to propel a portion of the cream thereagainst to keep such sides free from
lodgment of cream thereon.
I also propose to use a like arrangement of radiating fingers the ends of which
are expanded of a bowl-like or analogous formation, or I may use a series of such
fingers of a scimitar or crescent or analogous shape, or arranged in a star-like form
with parallel sided or angular pointed rays. I regard all such and analogous
formations as equivalent, the special object of the radiating fingers of the dash
being, when very rapidly rotated, collectively to create a vortex-like agitation and
aeration of the cream, which is most desirable for butter making, and individually to
pick up a portion of the cream and to centrifugally disperse it with a forcible impact
against the ends and lid of the churn in a stream of separating drops, which causes
the butter particles to be most rapidly separated from the cream and agglomerated
together. Immediately upon being propelled against the ends and lid of the churn,
the butter particles as they agglomerate fall back into the vortex of cream in the
lower part of the vessel, and such operation continues until the churning operation
is completed.
I prefer to mount the dash in the manner and to actuate it by the means described
in the Complete Specification of my application for Patent No. 18825-93, but

page_text: the dash may be mounted in any other suitable manner and actuated by any other
suitable means.
Around the sides of and within the open top of the vessel a, are arranged angular
ledges a', which serve to deflect any cream propelled towards the top angles of the
vessel, and to support an adjustable lid c.
The lid is made shorter than the mouth of the vessel a, (Fig. 1.) and is fitted at
its unsupported edge with a dash-board c which is obliquely directed downwards
into the vessel and formed with a deep edge &, arranged parallel with and at a
Buitable distance from the adjacent end of the vessel, so as to leave a space
between it and such end of the vessel, which effectually prevents any splashing out
of the cream, while it permits of the lid being adjusted in accordance with the
speed at which the spoon-like dash is driven so as to permit of the rotation of the
latter being caused to induce such a current of air into the churning vessel as will
best conduce to a perfect aeration of the butter particles, and while it also freely
ventilates the churn. The lid is secured in the desired position by a button
The lid is provided with a glazed opening c, through which the progress of the
churning operation can be inspected.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is:
In high speed box churning apparatus.
1. A dash formed with a following series of fingers or equivalent projecting parts
in or substantially in a plane common to the series and adapted to pick up and
disperse portions of cream against the ends and lid of a containing churning vessel,
substantially as hereinbefore described.
2. A lid or cover made shorter than the mouth of the churning vessel and fitted
with an inclined dash-board having a deep edge parallel with and at an adjustable
distance from the adjacent end of the vessel and means of securing the lid in any
desired position, substantially as and for the purposes hereinbefore described.
Dated this 6th day of July 1894.
DAY, DAVIES & HUNT,
321, High Holborn, London, Agents for the Applicant.