Improvements in and relating to Type-writers.
Year: 1892

page_text: Date of Application, 12th Apr. 1892-Accepted. 14th May. 1892
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and relating to Type-writers.
I, GEORGE CANFIELD BLICKENSDERFER, a Citizen of the United States of
America, residing at No. 385 Broadway, in the City, County, and State of New
York, one of the United States of America, Manufacturer, do hereby declare the
nature of this invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement:―
This invention relates to type-writing machines and consists in certain improve-
ments in the construction thereof as will now be fully set forth, reference being had
to the accompanying drawings, in which-
Figure 1 is a perspective view of the machine complete ;
Figure 2 is a top or plan view of the machine.
Figure 3 is an elevation looking at the left side of the machine.
Figure 4 is an elevation looking at the right side of the machine.
Figure 5 is a plan view of the bottom of the machine with some of the springs, h¹,
broken away.
Figure 6 is a longitudinal vertical section on the line 6-6 in Figure 2, looking
in the direction of the arrow thereon, with parts beyond in elevation and the paper
carriage omitted.
Figure 6 is a perspective view showing in detail the position of the feeding
pawl and checking pawl when in operative contact with the rack of the
carriage.
Figure 7 is a transverse vertical section taken on the line 7-7 in Figure 6, looking
in the direction of the arrow.
Figure 8 is a transverse vertical section, partly in elevation, on the line 8-8 in
Figure 6, of a portion of the machine, the scale being enlarged.
Figure 9 is a plan or top view of the lower rear portion of the machine, with
upper parts removed.
Figure 10 is a front elevation of the right hand end of the paper carriage.
Figure 11 is a transverse vertical section of the paper carriage on the line 11-11
in Figure 10, looking in the direction of the arrow.
Figure 12 is a bottom view of a portion of the base plate of the paper
carriage.
Figure 13 is a side view of a portion of one of the key levers and shows its
relation to the frames, P' and R¹.
Figure 14 is a perspective of the feed lever, S, S', detached from the
machine.
Figure 15 is a side view of the locking bar, C, detached from the machine.
Figure 16 is a top view of the type-wheel shaft, D', detached from the
machine.
Figure 17 shows the pawls, E, and E¹, in perspective, detached from the
machine.
Figure 18 is a like view to Figure 7, showing a changed position of the parts,
and with the spacer key L, removed.
Figure 19 is a top view of the ratchet, D³, removed from the machine showing
the guard plate, d.
Figure 20, a detail showing the connection between the space lever and the lever
which actuates the pawls, also cam for operating said pawls.
Figure 21 is a view similar to that in Figure 10 showing a modification of my
invention.
Figure 22 is a longitudinal vertical section of the carriage frame, B, and the

page_text: stop mechanism shown in Figure 21; the line of section being the line 22-22, in
Figure 24.
Figure 23 is a perspective view of a portion of the frame of the machine,
and shows the carriage-way, 12, and the recess, 610, below it to receive the stop-
bar, U.
Figure 24 is a bottom view of the carriage frame, and the detachable stop
mechanism shown in Figures 21 and 22.
Figure 25 is a side view, and Figure 26 a bottom view of an alternative form of
stop bar to be substituted for the stop-bar, U, shown in Figures 21, 22 and 23, or
the bar, U, shown in Figures 9 and 10.
Figure 27 is a top view of a Remington style of type-writing machine having a
modification of my invention applied thereto.
Figure 28 is a front elevation of the matter shown in Figure 27.
Like letters of reference indicate like parts in all the figures.
The construction and operation are as follows:-
A³, is a comb or front frame
A, A', A, mark the frame-work of the machine.
plate having slots, a², to receive the type-keys. M, is a comb or back frame plate
also having slots, m, to guide the key-levers. A, is a comb or bottom frame plate
having slots, as, to hold the lower ends of the key-levers. A³, is a frame strip or
bar under which is clamped the fixed ends of the key-lever springs, h¹. A, is a
frame bar which lies along under the ends of the key-levers and keeps them in
place. (For the parts A, A, and A°, see Figure 5.) The plate, A', has a back
extension, as, like a bracket to serve as a rest for the feeding pawls, S2, (see
Figures 5 and 9). N, N, &c. are the type-key levers. These levers are all
substantially alike in form, differing in length so as to form banks of keys, and
differing in direction to give them proper spread at their key ends. L, is the spacer
lever which is substantially like the longest key-levers. In Figure 13 the inner
part of one of these key levers is shown. It has at its extreme inner end a hooked
tor, h. Back of this is a heel, ², and above this are two bearing surfaces, h³,
and. Of these bearing surfaces the ones marked, h³, are alike in position, while
those marked, , vary in position so that in a line of keys they will be graded
consecutively. This is indicated by dotted lines in Figure 13. The type keys are
arranged in two like groups, one on each side of the middle line of the machine, and
the spacer key is located between the two groups. These keys pass through the
slots, a³, m, and a, and hook under and are thereby pivoted on a common rod, H¹,
which runs lengthwise of the machine at its lower rearward part. The spacer
key, L, is arranged in the same manner as the key-levers.
On the shaft, II, are also pivoted three swinging frames, P1, P1, and R¹, the
former of which contact with the bearing faces, h³, of the two groups of keys
respectively, and the latter contacts with the bearing faces, *, of all the keys of
both groups, but the spacer key, L, is so formed as to escape these frames entirely,
see Figure 7. The frames, P¹, each carry a rocking arm, P, and these arms
have gear teeth at their upper ends meshing with like teeth on the arms, F', which
are journaled on the shaft, D³; hence when the frames, P¹, are rocked, the arms, F',
are also rocked. The frame R', carries arm, R, which has gear teeth at its upper
end meshing with like teeth on the pawl arm, E, E, journaled on the shaft, Do,
hence when the frame R', moved the pawl arm, E E; is moved (see Figures 8
and 17). The gear teeth on the pawl, E, E, and the part, R, which engages said
pawl, are arranged in an are having the same radius as the arcs of teeth on the
segment carrying arms, F, hence when the pawl is moved by the part, R, it will
move in exact consonance with the arm, F¹.
On the shaft, D³, is a T-formed sleeve, T, and in this sleeve is held the type
wheel spindle, D'. This spindle has an extension or bail, do, which is vibrated
therewith and when vibrated engages with a locking bar, C, for a purpose hereinafter
described. In the present instance this extension, do, is formed by bending the
spindle, D', at right angles to the vertical part. It can be then bent again at right
angle, d, to the horizontal part to form a rectangular loop (see Figure 16) and

page_text: passed through the shaft, D³, which will serve as a guide and also hold the spindle
against rotation, see Figure 6. The down movement of the part, d, is limited by
a stop, d, (see Figure 6). The type-wheel, D, is held on the spindle, D', between
a collar, d', fastened by a pin, d', and a catch, d, which engages a groove at the
upper end of the spindle. Between the collar, d, and the upper end of the sleeve, T,
on the spindle, D', is journaled loosely the pinion, F, and it is held against longi-
tudinal movement by a groove, f, therein, engaging with a lip, t, on the sleeve (see
Figure 8). On the upper part of the hub of the pinion, F2, is fastened by a screw
collar, d, a rathet wheel, D2, and eccentric or heart-shaped ratchet, D³, so that
they will move with the pinion. A crank post or più, d', is attached to the
ratchet, D³, passes through the ratchet, D³, and engages the wheel, D. As the
shaft or spindle, D¹, has no rotary movement the wheel, D, is propelled rotatively
by the pin, d. By means to be explained further on, the spindle, D', is moved
longitudinally, and it carries the wheel, D, with it so as to bring the different fields
of type on the wheel into position, and in thus moving, the wheel slides on the pin, d',
which is of proper length to permit of that movement. In Figure 18 the wheel is
shown as thus moved outwardly. The wheel, D, can be quickly removed from the
spindle by removing the catch, d, from the groove in the end of the spindle. Axial
motion is imparted to the pinion, F³, by segmental racks, F, carried on the arms, FI,
which, as before explained, are rocked by the arms, P, and frames, P, through the
action of the key levers, II. Only one of the frames, P, and aims, P, will be moved
at a time, and which one it may be will depend upon whether the key lever depressed
is in one group or the other; that is, on one side or the other of the middle line.
When in normal position the two segmental gears, F, F, have their upper ends
abutting against the buffer, a³, on the frame piece, A¹. As soon as one or the other
is moved in the manner above described it falls away from the buffer and of course
rotates the pinion. This action of the pinion rolls it down the stationary segment, F,
and the reactive effect keeps the stationary segment, F, against the buffer, but the
shaft, D, is rocked and the spindle, D', is tilted forward carrying the wheel, D,
ratchets, D, and D³, with it. All these parts, D, D2, D³, partake of the rotary
action of the pinion as well as the tilting movement of the spindle, so, it will be
seen, the type-wheel has imparted to it, by the depression of any of the key-levers, H,
a simultaneous axial and vibratory movement. But the axial movement must be
stopped as soon as the desired letter is brought into proper position for impression,
and the vibratory movement must be continued until the type is impressed. The
means for effecting this result are the frame, R', the arm, K, the pawl lever, E² E,
and the key-lever, H. It will be remembered that the key-levers, II, have bearing
faces,, which act upon the frame, R', and that these faces in each group of keys
are graded as to their distance from the frames. The effect of this is that each
individual key-lever of each group will contact with the frame, R', after moving
through more or less space than any of the others of its group. The characters on
the type-key levers and the corresponding type on the type-wheel are so arranged
relatively, that, when any key-lever is depressed, its corresponding type will be
positioned for action and the bearing face, h, of that key lever is so distanced
from the frame, R', that, as soon as its correlated type is positioned, the key-lever
will bear upon the frame, R', and move it down. The arm, R, of said frame will
then move the pawl lever, E2 E, into contact with the ratchet, D³, to stop the
rotary movement of the ratchet, the pinion, F2, and the type-wheel. The continued
downward movement of the key-lever, however, continues the tilting movement of the
shaft, MS, and the parts carried thereby until the type-wheel is brought against the
platen, B', on the carriage, B, and thus impress the type upon the paper on the platen.
The ratchet, D³, is provided with as many notches as there are key-levers, II,
which number is also the same as the number of type in each field of type on the
wheel, D, and the ratchet, D2, has a like number of teeth. The ratchet, D2, is a
concentric disc, and hence its teeth are equidistant apart, but the ratchet, D³,
slightly heart-shaped and eccentrically mounted on the pinion, F2, and its teeth
increase in length in proportion to their distance from the axis of the ratchet.
'5

page_text: We have seen that the pawl, E³, E, remains stationary until a type is positioned,
and that the ratchet, D³, moves down as it moves axially, and the downward move-
ment is produced by the rotary movement of the pinion which carries the ratchet,
and consequently the two movements are proportional one with the other, so that it
follows that the teeth of the eccentric ratchet will, although moving in different
paths, all pass the point of the pawl, E2 E, at like distance from it, so that the
said pawl will have to move no further to engage one tooth of the ratchet, D³, than
another. The pawl, E2 E, is held so as to just barely escape the passing teeth, so
that its movement necessary to engage a tooth is as slight as possible, and it will
therefore engage the proper tooth practically instantaneously on the positioning of
the type.
When the type to be positioned has to be moved through considerable distance
the parts acquire considerable momentum, and when the pawl, E2 E, engages a
tooth there may be a rebound. To obviate this I provide a pawl, E. which engages
the ratchet from the opposite direction diametrically and coinc dently, or practically
so, with the pawl, E' E These pawls, E' E, and E', grasp the ratchet, D³, some-
what like a pair of pincers and hold it against reaction. The form of the pawl, E',
is shown in Figure 17 clearly. It is pivoted loosely on the shaft, D³, and its lower
end rests in a notch in the comb, A³, (see Figure 1) and it is held there flexibly by
a spring, e, (see Figures 7 and 18). Its upper end stands in as close proximity to
the ratchet, D³, as possible, and it engages the ratchet by the ratchet being pushed
against it by the pressure of the opposite pawl, E³ E, and as soon as it is engaged
with the ratchet it moves down with it, overcoming the spring, e² (see Figure 18).
The pawl, E, is not required to act except when the axially moving parts have to
move a considerable distance and thereby acquire considerable momentum, and I
have found by practice that it is better that it be not used when the axial movement
is slight, and, therefore, I have applied to the apex of the lobe of the ratchet a
shield, d. (See Figures 19, 8 and 4, for best illustration.) This shield is on top
of the ratchet and stands or ledges out over the teeth an 1 holds the pawl, E', off
from the teeth while it permits the pawl, E, E, which is made shorter at its
engaging end, to engage those teeth covered by it, as seen in Figure 18.
To insure absolute accuracy in the positioning of the type by reason of any lost
motion, the ratchet, D2, is provided. This ratchet is a concentrically arranged
disc having radial teeth which are engaged by the fixed horn-like pawl, M², as the
type-wheel is brought down to the platen (see Figure 18) and steadies the wheel
against trembling and against any lost motion that may exist in the parts. In
order to position a field of type, the wheel, D, has to be moved longitudinally of
the shatt and then it must be held against further longitudinal movement while
being operated. The mens for effecting this result are as follows:
The
The spindle, D', is movable longitudinally and it carries the wheel with it.
spindle is kept down to normal position by the spring, Dx (shown best in Figure 6)
and it is moved up by a lever, O, which is pivoted on the rod, N. This lever is
under the control of two levers, I', and K', which lie parallel with the front
plate, A³, and extend out at the side of the machine through a slot which has a
stepped bottom, i, k, for regulating the degree of depression of said levers, and then
turn up and are provided with finger buttons, I, and K. There are shown in the
present instance three fields of type on the type wheel, one is in action when the
spindle is at normal position, that is, down; the next field, the middle one, is brought
into action by the use of the key, I, and lever, I', and the lower field is brought into
action by using the key, K, and lever K'. There will be as many such keys and
levers as there are fields of type more than one. These levers raise the pivoted
lever, O, and it pushes the spindle, D', up one, two, or more points according to
which key and lever is operated, and this moves the wheel one, two, or more points
so as to bring the proper field of type into action. The means for holding the
wheel at any of these points of action, and for preventing any longitudinal move-
ment of the wheel when in action, is the locking bar, C, which has notches, c', c³, c³,
which engage the bail of the spindle when it is tilted whether it be at normal

page_text: or at one of its elevated positions. This locking bar, C, is seen clearly in
Figures 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, and 18, in its proper place, and in Figure 15 detached from
the machine. It is journaled loosely on the shaft, D, and is flexibly held against
pivotal movement by the spring, C¹, (see Figure 6) and is limited in its movement
by the frame piece, A', crossing as a stop. Whenever the type wheel is tilted the
bail of its spindle enters one of the notches, c¹, c², c³, according to its position, and
is held against any possible longitudinal movement. When the parts are in their
normal positions the bail is free from the locking bar and the spindle can be moved
longitudinally. The changed position of parts shown in Figure 18, shows the
middle field of the type-wheel in action and the spindle engaged by the middle
notch, c, on the locking bar, and the locking bar tilted up with the bail of the
spindle and the lever, I, depressed.
The type are inked after being positioned and while moving forward to make an
impression. This is effected by an inking roller, G', hung on a yielding arm, G, in
the path of the type wheel, which is pushed aside by the type wheel and the ink-
roller thereby applied to the positioned type. The arm, G, is hung on the frame
piece, A2, on a pintle, y², and is made quickly reactive by a spring, g, and its
forward movement is limited by a set screw, g. The arm, G, is quickly detach-
able from its hanger, as it has an open hooked slot, g', which hooks over the
pintle, g², and can be disengaged quickly by drawing the arm back and then down-
ward bodily.
The means for feeding the paper carriage are as follows: (see Figures 5, 6, 64, 7,
and 9). On the rear edge of the base piece, B, of the carriage is a ratchet, b, having
rectangular indentations, and on the rear part of the frame, A, back of the carriage
are two pawls, S2, S3, one of which, S3, is pivoted at, s, to the frame-work, and the
other, S, is pivoted to the pawl, S³, at, and is reacted by a spring, s¹. The
pawl, S', has a free action on its pivot and is counterweighted so that its head will
keep erect. Its tail end is supported on a rest, se, on the rear part of the frame-
work, and its head, when in normal position, rests on the bracket, a.
In Figure 6 the pawls are shown in normal position, or when out of action, and
in Figure 6 when in action upon the carriage. Normally these pawls are not in
engagement with the carriage, but as soon as moved the pawl, S', enters its point
between the teeth, b, on the base piece, B, of the carriage and is prevented from
passing above by an extension, s', which strikes upon the plate, B, back of the
ratchet, see Figure 7. As the movement of the pawls continues upward the head
of the pawl, S, moves forward and carries the carriage with it, and when the pawls
have completed their upward movement the head of the pawl, S3, has also entered
a notch of the ratchet. The position is then as shown in Figure 64, with both pawls
in engagement. The carriage is then immovable. The forward movement of the
carriage is effected wholly by the forward movement of the pawl, S2, as it moves
up, which forward movement is effected by its pivot, s, moving in the arc of a
circle having the pivot, so, as a centre. The degree of forward movement is just
equal to the spacing of the ratchet teeth, b, so that the carriage is moved one notch
at a time. The pawl, S³, acts only to lock the carriage against undue movement.
The means for moving these pawls is the arm, S₁, forming a part of the
lever, S, S', which lies directly below the pivot point, st. The lever, S, S¹, is
shown detached from the machine in Figure 14. It is journaled loosely on the
shaft, H, and is movable by the action of any of the key levers, H, or the spacer
lever, L.
The spacer lever, L, is journaled to the shaft, H', between the ears of lever, S, S',
and is provided with a heel, L', which engages a lip or projection, so, on the pawl
perating lever, S, S', when the spacer lever is depressed to move said lever, the
pawls connected therewith, and the paper carriage independently of the key levers.
As has been seen above, a movement of any of the key levers, H, will rock the
shaft, D, which is journaled on points d³, fixed in the frame piece, A'. On this
shaft, D, is secured a cam, Q, preferably eccentrically faced, and which rocks with
the shaft. This cam has two faces, q, and g¹. The face, y, is of gradually

page_text: increasing radius, the shaft, D³, being the center of the different radii. The face,,
is on an arc of a circle, the shaft, D³, being the center. Whenever the shaft is
rocked to impress the type wheel upon the paper, the cam, Q, acts upon a rollers,
on the upper end of the pawl, S. of the lever, S, S', to depress that end and raise
end, S', to operate the pawls, S, and S³, to respectively propel and stop the
carriage. This movement of the pawls is accomplished by the face, y, of the
cam, Q, acting upon the roller, s, until the face, q', is reached. This face being on
an are having the shaft, D, as a center, will slip over the roller, s, without
depressing the arm S, any further, and at the same time, by means of said lever,
hold the pawls in place until the motion of the shaft is reversed.
It will be noted that the spacer lever moves fewer parts than the type key
levers, and hence will naturally move easier, but it is desirable that this key have
the same resistance to the hand of the operator as the other keys. This may be
accomplished by making its spring, ', stiffer than the others, or a supplementary
spring,, may be used.
As above stated, the pawls, S2, S3, when in normal position are wholly disengaged
from the carriage, and it is free to be moved manually in either direction, hence,
when wide or extended spacing is wanted, or when the carriage is to be gigged
back to start a new line, it will be moved manually. A pointer or guide, B, which
lays over the platen serves to indicate to the operator the point where the type
will be impressed upon the paper so as to aid him in placing the carriage in the
position desired. This pointer, B, is a curved bar which is fixed to the comb
plate, M, as clearly seen in Figures 1, 2, 4, and 6. At the right hand or rear end
of the carriage is a warning bell, B, and a hammer, ', for striking the bell, which
is pivoted to the end of the frame piece, 13, and is moved to strike the bell by the
lower end of the pawl, S2, striking against the hammer, b, as the carriage passes
said pawl.
In order to relieve the operator of care in placing the carriage always in the
same position at the beginning of a line so as to make the lines register or align
vertically, I have provided a variable stop mechanism which can be used or not as
desired, and when used may be set so as to align the lines more or less distant fiom
the left hand edge of the paper and thus give a maigin of more or less width, and
it can be quickly changed so as to change the width of the margin at will, and
quickly when desired.
This stop mechanism consists of a serrated catch-bar, 63, placed diagonally across
the lower side of the carriage base, B, near the front or left hand end of the same,
(see Figures 5 and 12) and a variable stop lever, N, which is pivoted on the under
side of the fiame, A, and extends out at the left side of the machine, (see Figures 2,
3, 5, 6, 7, and 12). By swinging the outer end of this lever close up to the side of
the frame, the point, n, at the inner end will entirely escape the catch bar, and the
carriage can be moved freely, but by swinging the outer end of the lever, N, away
from the machine, the point, n, will be carried in front of the catch bar, b, and will
engage with it and stop the carriage. The degree of extension of the lever, N,
will regulate the point of stopping, because the farther out the lever is swung, the
nearer the point, n, will be carried to the inner end of the catch-bar, 3, and hence
the carriage will be stopped earlier in its rearward movement or gigging, and
hence the wider the margin will be.
It is often desirable to stop the traverse of the carriage at certain positions in
the line, or at one or more points in the line during the motion toward an uniform
terminal point, particularly in such work as making out bills of account, when a
column of figures is to be printed at the right hand side of the sheet between it and
the items printed at the left hand side of the sheet, or in tabulating and other like
work. Unless some special stopping device is provided the operator is compelled
to exercise great care to print the amounts so that the units, tens, hundreds, &c.,
will be aligned vertically so as to be summed up easily.
"
By the term "key mechanism as herein used, I wish to be understood as
embracing all mechanism wherein the stop is variably positioned by the pressure of

page_text: the hand or finger upon a yielding part or parts, in contradistinction to a
mechanism which may be variably set or adjusted, such as a pin in a hole, or a
collar on a rod, &c.
By the use of my improvements, which are applicable to all forms of machines,
the operator can, by touching a proper key or button, interpose in the path of the
paper carriage a stop which will positively and accurately stop the traverse of the
carriage at any desired position in the line or at one or more pre-letermined points
in its traverse, and without having paid any attention to the pointer and scale, and
by releasing the said stop, key or button, the sand stop is withdrawn and the
carriage is free to move on in the regular way by the action of the feed mechanism.
I provide a lever, or key, or a series of lever or stop-keys and an adjustable stop
or series of stops so that the carriage may be thus stopped at a pre-determined
point, or any one or all of a series of pre-determined points, and thus columnated,
statistical and tabulated work can be accurately and easily done without the
annoyance and care which are necessary when the operator has to depeni wholly
on his skill in manipulating the machine and the accuracy of his observations of the
pointer and scale.
In the accompanying drawing I show my invention applied to two different types
of machines, one having a paper carriage which is normally free to be moved
manually in ways a', as desired in any direction, and when moved by the feeding
mechanism is moved positively, and the other having a paper carriage which can
only be moved manually on its backward traverse, and can only be moved forward
by the action of its feed mechanism or by releasing the engaging mechanism, such,
for instance, as what are known as the Remington or Caligraph machines. These
illustrations of the application of my improvements to two radically different types
of machines, will, I believe, be sufficient to enable any one of ordinary mechanical
skill to apply my invention to any of the many various forms of type-writing
machines, and so I have not deemed it necessary to further illustrate its method of
application.
V1, V2, V3, etc. mark the stop key levers in one type of machine, and V1, V20, V30,
etc. mark the stop-keys in the other type of machine. U, U, U, mark the modified
forms of stop-bars in one type of machine, and, Z, marks the graduated, adjustable
stop plate in the other type of machine. The other letters of reference used will
be referred to in proper place herein.
In that type of machines wherein the paper carriage is normally free from its
feeding mechanism and can be manually moved forward when not in engagement
with its feeding mechanism, and usually is so moved forward when a space of inore
than ordinary length is to be made. I prefer to so arrange my stopping mechanism
that it will be conveniently operated by the hand as it moves the carriage
manually hence, in such machines I prefer to place the stopping key levers on the
carriage in such a place as will be most convenient. When the carriage is to be
moved forward manually it is most natural to use the right hand to move it, and
in so doing the operator will naturally take hold of the right hand end of the
carriage, therefore I prefer to arrange my stopping key-levers on the carriage at
that end. Even for left-handed persons this will be the most convenient because it
is more natural to push the carriage than to pull it, and as the forward movement
is toward the left hand, it would have to be pulled if the left hand were used, and
as to operate the stop-keys a downward push is most convenient, it follows tha. the
arrangement of the stop-keys on the right hand end of the carriage is most
convenient.
But in that class of machines wherein the carriage can only be moved forward
by manipulating the feeding mechanism I consider it most convenient to put the
stop-keys on a fixed part of the machine, and the adjustable ston-bar on the carriage,
and in order to allow the operator to press the stop-keys with his left hand and
operate the feed mechanism of the carriage with his right hand, I put the stop-keys
on the left hand side of the machine.
These details of arrangement are not essential at all to my invention, and they

page_text: may be departed from if desired without departing from my invention. I have
adopted them simply because they are the most convenient.
Nevertheless, in adapting my invention to the different classes of machines there
are certain special features of construction in each not common to all, which I
desire to claim.
These
In the construction shown in Figures 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 9, and 10, there is at the end
of the base plate of the carriage a bracket, 6, in which are pivoted on a pin a series
of stop-key levers, V1, V2, V3, etc. which are reactive by springs, v¹, and are each
provided with a catch, v, on their lower sides near their outer ends.
catches, e, are at different points on the different levers so that in the aggregate
they are graded at fixed uniformly varying distances from the end of the carriage.
Below the carriage and adjusted in openings or recesses, 60, in the frames, A, is a
stop-bar, U, which is adjustable and carries a stop lug, u, for contacting with the
catches, v, of any of the stop-key levers that may be depressed. The means for
adjusting the bar, U, are shown in Figure 9, and consist of the teeth, u', on the bar,
the engaging teeth, u³, and the spring, u2, which holds the bar flexibly against the
engaging teeth, ³. To move the bar. U, it is pushed back from the engaging
teeth, ³, overcoming the spring, 2, and then pulled or pushed into the desired
position. This device is intended particularly for use in printing bills of account
or statistic work. The items are printed on the left of the sheet, and then the
carriage is pushed forward and the figures are printed at the right of the page in
columns. There are shown in the drawings six stop-keys (but if desired there may
be nine or more) and these are numbered from 1 to 6.
In operation the bar, U, will be adjusted so as to locate the columns of figures to
to suit the paper, then if the amount to be stated is a number containing six figures,
the operator will, as he pushes the carriage forward after printing the item, press
down with one of his fingers the key having the numeral 6 thereon, and the catch, v,
of that key will catch on the lug, u, on the bar, U, and stop the carriage, and the
operator will release his hold on the carriage and relieve the depressed key and it
will be re-acted by its spring, v', and then by properly manipulating the key board
of the machine the number will be printed on the paper. If the next item to be
entered has three figures, the operator in pushing forward the carriage will press
down the stop-key having the numeral 3 thereon and the carriage will be stopped so
that the hundreds will be printed below the hundreds of the amounts above it, and
the tens below the tens, and the units below the units. And so it is, that whatever
amounts are to be printed the operator should, in pushing forward the carriage,
press down the key which has a numeral thereon corresponding with the number of
digits in the amount to be printed, then release the carriage and manipulate the
type keys, and the amounts will all be printed with units, tens, hundreds, and so on,
all in regular vertical columns. The object in having the stop-bar, U, adjustable
is so that the column of amounts may be printed at various distances to the left of
the right hand side of the paper.
Where there are to be two or more columns of amounts, or where it is desired to
print items or amounts in two or more columns, as in tabulating, and often in bill
work, or printing statistics, I provide a special stop-bar, U, having a series of stop
lugs, u, which, if desired, may be made adjustable, as shown in Figures 25 and 26,
where the stop lugs, u, are on blocks, a', which slide in a slot, u, and are fastened
at any desired point by set screws, u°.
When this form of stop bar is in the machine the operator can stop the carriage
at a series of different points and print an item or amount, or the word "ditto " or
the sign or abbreviation therefor, or any other sign or character, at first one point
and then another, as required.
The construction shown in Figures 22, 23, and 24, differs from that shown in
Figures 9 and 10, in that the bar, U is not adjustable as is, U, but is detachably
held in place, however, by the walls of recess, 610; and the bracket, b, which carries
the stop-keys is detachable from the carriage, and the springs, v', differ in form but
not in office from the springs, v¹, in Figure 10, and the pivoted action of the

page_text: keys, V', V³, etc., is limited by the pin, ³, in the slots, v³, in the keys. The
bracket, 6, is made with a bifurcated inner end, 6, which slips over the base
plate, B, of the carriage, and on its under side it has a notched extension, 67, (see
Figure 24) which is engaged and locked between a pin or lug, 68, and a swinging
catch, 6, on the under side of the plate, B.
The object in making the stop-key detachable from the carriage is that it may be
left off of the carriage when not wanted. For ordinary bill work the stop-bar, U,
seen in Figures 21, 22, and 23, is sufficient, and as it is detachable it may be taken
out and the bar, U, seen in Figures 25, and 26, can be used when it is desired to
print two or more columns of items or amounts, and when the stopping device is not
wanted on the machine the stop-bar can be removed and put away with the stop-
keys. In the construction shown in Figures 27 and 28 there is a single tilting
stop-lever, X, having a stop-finger, a, at its inner end pivoted to the frame, A
at X1. Attached to the frame, A', there is a bracket, A³, over the outer end of the
lever, X, and through this work the stop-keys, V10, V10, etc., which impinge upon
the outer end of the lever, X. These stop-keys are of different length or traverse
and move the lever, X, a differing distance gradatively according to the number
marked thereon, and therefore the inner end of the lever, X, will be raised more or
less toward the carriage accordingly, as keys of high or low number are depressed.
On the carriage there is a stop or catch plate, Z, having stepped or graded catch
notches, z, and adjustably attached to the carriage by the screw, 2, in the slot, 2,
so that it can be set at different points in the length of the carriage.
When it is desired to stop the carriage a stop key is depressed and the inner end
of the lever, X, is thrown up more or less according to which key is depressed and
it will impinge upon that one of the notches, z, on the plate, Z, with which it is in
line and so stop the carriage at the point intended, as indicated by the number on
the key.
In machines of this class, as before stated, the carriage can only be
moved forward by manipulating or disengaging the feeding mechanism, and there-
fore in operating such a machine having my improvements thereon the operator
will, after entering the item, press down on the stop-key having the number thereon
which represents the number of digits in the amount to be printed, using his left
hand and keeping the key depressed until he has, by working the spacer-bar or
other part which controls the feeding mechanism with his right hand, brought the
plate, Z, on the carriage into contact with the inner end, x, of the lever, X, and
then he will release the stop-key and manipulate the type-keys. In the style of
machines shown in Figures 27 and 28 the paper carriage is stopped at the end of its
backward movement by a collar, x', on the guide rod, X', and this collar is made
adjustable by a set screw, ³, for the purpose of regulating the width of margin on
the left of the paper. Such a stop produces none of the results attained by my
improvements, for, as before stated, the object of my invention is to temporarily
stop the carriage at any desired point within its traverse for the purpose of vertically
aligning matter of like kind in the horizontal lines.
When columnating or tabulating work is to be done, the carriage can always be
stopped in the exact position for the printing of the left hand digit in proper place.
The disposition of the parts of the carriage stopping mechanism as shown is an
important and valuable feature, for by placing the stop on the frame of the machine
and the variable key-actuated catch on the carriage, the operator is able to vary
the catch as desired and move the carriage forward simultaneously by a single
movement of one hand, while, when the stop is on the carriage and the variable
catch on the frame, as shown in Figures 27 and 28, the use of one hand to move the
carriage, and the other to manipulate the catch is necessary. In machines having a
spring-actuated carriage that is fed forward by an escapement or releasing device,
the latter construction is desirable, but where the carriage is free to be moved
manually independent of its feed mechanism, as here shown, it is undesirable and
inadequate.
The means for rotating the platen B step by step to space the lines in the pawl
and ratchet device, B', may be of any desired construction. The construction here

page_text: shown is not new in its details and requires no special description. The means for
rotating the platen continuously to draw in a new sheet of paper is the hand-
wheel, B'. The means for holding the paper closely to the roller or platen are the
curved guide fingers, B³, and the roller B, and as these parts may be of any
desired construction and as shown possess no new features, further description is
unnecessary.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is:-
1. In a type-writing machine, the combination of a type wheel, a sleeve, a non-
rotative, longitudinally movable spindle, part of which passes through said sleeve to
support the type-wheel, and the other part bent upon itself to form a bail, and
means which engage said bail to hold said spindle against rotation.
2. In a type-writing machine, the combination with the type-wheel, of a non-
rotative longitudinally movable spindle carrying the type-wheel and having a
lateral extension at its lower end, a lever acting upon said extension for moving said
spindle longitudinally, special key levers for moving said lever, and means for
engaging said extension and holding said spindle against undue longitudinal
movement.
3. In a type-writing machine, the combination with the type-wheel, of a non-
rotative longitudinally movable spindle carrying the type-wheel and having a
lateral extension at its lower end, a lever acting upon said extension for moving
said spindle longitudinally, special key levers for moving said lever, and a locking
bar for engaging said extension and holding said spindle against undue longitudinal
movement.
4. In a type-writing machine, the combination with the rock shaft which carries
the type-wheel spindle or shaft and is rocked when the type wheel is vibrated
laterally, of an eccentrically faced cam carried by said rock shaft, a lever moved
by said cam, and a feeding mechanism for the paper carriage which is actuated to
move said carriage by said lever.
5. In a type-writing machine m which the carriage is fed and checked during the
down movement of the key lever, the combination of a lever for operating the
pawls, and a shaft under control of the key levers and having a cam with faces, q,
and q', for operating said lever, for the purpose set forth.
6. The combination of a paper carriage, feeding and checking pawls for said
carriage, a pawl controlling lever, a rock shaft baving a cam in contact with said
pawl controlling lever, and key levers connected by intermediate mechanism with
said rock shaft, the cam of which operates upon the pawl controlling lever to
move and hold the pawls in engagement with the carriage when a key lever is
depressed.
7. In a type-writing machine, the combination with the type-wheel, of a pinion
for moving said wheel axially, two segment gears for moving said pinion, vibrating
arms carrying said segmental gears and having gear teeth thereon, two vibrating
frames carrying arms having gear teeth thereon which mesh with the gear teeth on
said segment carrying arms, and two groups of type key-levers for moving said
vibrating frames.
8. In a type-writing machine, the combination with the type-wheel of a rock
shaft carrying the spindle of said wheel, a pinion concentric with said wheel for
moving the same axially, a stopping ratchet carried by said pinion, a pawl for
engaging said ratchet that is pivoted on said rock shaft, and having gear teeth
arranged concentric with said rock shaft; two segment gears for moving said pinion
carried on arms pivoted on said rock shaft concentric with said pawl and having
gear teeth arranged in an are of the same radius as the gear teeth on the said pawl,
two vibrating frames carrying arms having gear teeth thereon which mesh with
the gear teeth on said segment carrying arms, two groups of type key levers for
vibrating said frames, a third vibrating frame pivoted concentric with the other

page_text: frames and embracing both of said frames and in position to be actuated by any of
the type keys of both said groups, and an arm carried by said third frame having
gear teeth which mesh with the gear teeth on said pawl.
9. In a type-writing machine, the combination with the type wheel, the pinion
for moving the type wheel axially, the pawl and ratchet for stopping the type
wheel, the two vibrating frames for moving the mechanism which moves the pinion
and the single frame for moving the said pawl, of key levers for actuating said
frames which are pivoted on a common pintle or shaft, are arranged above said
frames in two distinct groups, and act thereon when depressed, and have uniformly
placed hearing faces for contacting with the two pinion-actuating frames, and other
bearing faces for moving the pawi actuating frame which are gradatively arranged
in each group of key levers.
10. In a type-writing machine, the combination with a series of type key-levers
that are pivoted on a common shaft and divided into two groups, of two type-
actuating frames, pivoted concentrically with said key-levers and arranged each
below one of said groups of key levers, a third frame pivoted concentrically with
said type key-levers arranged below both of said groups of keys and embracing the
two other frames, mechanism operated from said third frame for stopping the type
actuating mechanism operated by the two first named frames, two bearing faces on
each of the type key-levers for contacting with the two frames below it, said
bearing faces on each key lever being so graded relatively to each other that the
outer frame will be moved later than the inner, more or less according to the
distance between the planes of said faces.
11. In a type-writing machine, the combination of a series of type key-levers,
pivoted on a common pintle-shaft, two frames for actuating the type wheel from
said keys pivoted on the same pintle-shaft, a frame for operating means for stopping
the type wheel pivoted on said shaft; a lever for actuating the feed mechanism of
the paper carriage moved from the action of the type wheel pivoted on said shaft, a
spacer key-lever for actuating said feed mechanism independently of the type wheel
mechanism pivoted on said shaft, and a lever for longitudinally moving the type
wheel spindle, also pivoted on said shaft.
12. In a type-writing machine, the combination of a series of type key-levers,
pivoted on a common pintle-shaft, two frames for actuating the type wheel from
said keys pivoted on the same pintle-shaft, a frame for operating means for stopping
the type wheel pivoted on said shaft, a lever for actuating the feed mechanism of
the paper carriage moved by the action of the type wheel pivoted on said shaft, and
a spacer key-lever for actuating said feed mechanism independently of the type-
wheel mechanism pivoted on said shaft.
13. In a type-writing machine, the combination of a series of type key-levers,
pivoted on a common pintle-shaft, two frames for actuating the type wheel from
said keys pivoted on the same pintle-shaft, a frame for operating means for stopping
the type wheel pivoted on said shaft, and a lever for actuating the feed mechanism
of the paper carriage moved from the action of the type wheel pivoted on said
shaft.
14. In a type-writing machine, the combination of a series of type key-levers
pivoted on a common pintle-shaft, two frames for actuating the type wheel from
said keys pivoted on the same pintle-shaft, and a frame for operating means for
stopping the type wheel pivoted on said shaft.
15. In a type-writing machine, the combination with the type wheel, D,
ratchet, D³, for stopping said wheel, and pawls, E, E², and E', for acting on said
ratchet, of a shield at the apex of the lobe of said ratchet for preventing the
engagement of said pawl, E', with the extreme teeth on said ratchet.
16. In a type-writing machine, the combination with the vibrating type wheel, D,
of the swinging arm, G, carrying the ink roller, G', and engaging with its pintle, g',
detachably by means of the open-ended slot, g¹.
17. In a type-writing machine, the combination with the paper carriage, of a
ratchet on the side of the carriage having rectangular teeth, b, and a pushing pawl

page_text: and a checking pawl which engage said teeth by moving between them by a vertical
movement.
18. In a type-writing machine, the combination with the paper carriage, of a
ratchet on said carriage having rectangular teeth, a checking pawl pivoted to the
framework, a pushing pawl pivoted to the checking pawl and a lever controlled by
the key levers for operating said pawls.
19. In a type-writing machine, the combination with the paper carriage, of a
type wheel that vibrates to impress a type, a lever for operating the feed mechanism
of the carriage that is rocked as the type wheel is vibrated, a checking pawl that is
pivoted to the framework and is moved by said lever a pushing pawl that is pivoted
to the checking pawl and carried by it, and a ratchet on said carriage having
rectangular teeth and engaged first by the pushing pawl and then by the checking
pawl.
20. In a type-writing machine, the combination with the paper carriage thereof,
of an attachment for regulating the point of commencement of a line, consisting of
a series of catches and a variable stop, one part of said attachment being on the
carriage and the other on the frame of the machine.
21. In a type-writing machine, the combination with the carriage thereof, of a
variable stop mechanism for variously vertically aligning the beginning of the
several lines of printing, having one part thereof on the frame of the machine
and the other part on the carriage, and a second variable stop mechanism for
variously vertically aligning matter to be printed between the beginning and the
ends of the lines, having one part thereof on the frame of the machine and the
other part on the carriage, and key mechanism for manipulating said stop mechanism
to stop the traverse of the carriage at any desired position in the line.
22. In a type-writing machine, the combination with the carriage thereof, of a
series of fixed catches arranged diagonally on the carriage and a swinging lever
carrying a stop, and movable so as to bring said stop into line with either of said
catches.
Dated this 12th day of April 1899
JENSEN & SON,
77, Chancery Lane, London, W.C., Patent Agente.