IMPROVEMENTS IN THE TREATMENT OF ORGANIC, FECAL, AND URINOUS MATTERS FOR THE PUR- POSE OF DEODORIZING THE SAME, AND IN THE PREPARATION OF A PORTABLE MANURE THEREFROM, AND IN THE TREATMENT OF ASHES OR OTHER REFUSE OF COMBUSTION TO BE COMBINED THEREWITH, ALSO FOR IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHI- ***NERY' TO BE EMPLOYED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF THE SAID MANURE
Year: 1863

page_text: ETTERS PATENT to John Harrop, of Manchester, in the County of
Lancaster, Analytical Chemist, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE TREATMENT OF ORGANIC, FECAL, AND URINOUS MATTERS FOR THE PUR-
POSE OF DEODORIZING THE SAME, AND IN THE PREPARATION OF A PORTABLE
MANURE THEREFROM, AND IN THE TREATMENT OF ASHES OR OTHER REFUSE OF
COMBUSTION TO BE COMBINED THEREWITH, ALSO FOR IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHI-
***NERY' TO BE EMPLOYED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF THE SAID MANURE."
Sealed the 10th July 1863, and dated, the 15th January 1863.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION
left by the said John Harrop at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
15th January 1863.
I, JOHN HARROP, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Analytical
Ghemist, do hereby declare the nature of. the said Invention for "IMPROVE
MENTS IN THE TREATMENT, OF ORGANIC, FECAL, AND URINOUS MATTERS FOR THE
PURPOSE OF DEODORIZING THE SAME, AND IN THE PREPARATION OF A PORTABLE
MANURE THEREFROM, AND IN THE TREATMENT OF ASHES OR OTHER REFUSE OF
COMBUSTION TO BE COMBINED THEREWITH, ALSO FOR IMPROVEMENTS IN MAOHI-
NERY TO BE EMPLOYED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF THE SAID MANURE," to be as
follows:
My Invention consists, first, in the application and use of chloride of sodium

page_text: or muriate of soda, which is common salt, either in a dry or crystallized state,
or in solution as a disinfectant or deodorizer, and also the use or admixture of
such salts with any suitable resinous, bituminous, earthy, vegetable, metallic,
or alkaline matter in contradistinction to the use of oleaginous matter for the
purpose. The salts or saline combinations are to be employed for the purpose
of deodorizing and preventing the generation of noxious, miasmatic effluvia in
refuse organic, fecal, and urinous matters when in a state of decomposition or
otherwise, and by so doing to remove or prevent the generation and exhalation
of those noxious miasmatic effluvia which are so injurious and destructive to
health.
-
The second part of my Invention consists in rendering such refuse matter
useful by converting it into a concentrated portable manure, which is effected
as follows:-First, in order to prevent the escape of the free ammonia from
the excrementitious, organic, fecal, and urinous matters during the process of
manufacture into a concentrated portable manure. I neutralize or combine
the said free ammonia with some or any of the following acids, hydrochloric
acid (muriatic acid, spirit of salt), nitric acid, acetic acid, sulphurous acid, or
any other acid for the same purpose, except sulphuric acid, or any admixture of
one or more of these said acids together, or with any acid salts which may be
applied for these said uses and purposes. and employed in such strength and
quantities as to neutralize the ammonia, if the excremental matter he too
alkaline, more acid must he added, and vice versa. When thus combined
with the salts and acids, I place the fecal or. refuse matter in pans, boilers,
or vessels, and evaporate the moisture therefrom by the aid of steam, hot
water, and hot or cold currents of air, and I employ an exhaust or force pump
for the purpose of assisting the generation of vapour for exhausting or carrying
away rapidly the generated steam or vapour produced by the evapora-
tion, such as, for instance, an apparatus consisting of two cylinders working
within each other (gasometer like) one pair of each being connected to each end
of a lever or beam. hot air being admitted to one pair of such cylinders, causing
the rise thereof, and opening a valve in the opposite cylinder, and admitting
and forcing the hot air in a current through or over the matter to be evapo-
rated, or this may be affected by means of other equivalent apparatus.
A third part of the Invention consists in mixing or compounding with the
manure thus obtained certain portions of ashes or cinders, or other refuse of
combustion, which is first prepared by an arrangement of calcining furnaces
and sifting apparatus, or other available machinery.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said John Harrop in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 11th
July 1863.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOHN
HARROP, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Analytical Chemist, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Fifteenth day of January, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-three, in the twenty-sixth year of
Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said John Harrop, Her special license, that I, the said John Harrop,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such other's as I, the said John
Harrop, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during
the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise,
and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland; the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
TREATMENT OF ORGANIC, FECAL AND URINOUS MATTERS FOR THE PURPOSE OF
DEODORIZING THE SAME, AND IN THE PREPARATION OF A PORTABLE MANURE THERE
FROM, AND IN THE TREATMENT OF ASHES OR OTHER REFUSE OF COMBUSTION TO BE
COMBINED THEREWITH, ALSO FOR IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY TO BE EMPLOYED IN
THE MANUFACTURE OF THE SAID MANURE," upon the condition (amongst others)
that I, the said John Harrop, my executors or administrators, by an instru-
ment in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should
particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in
what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed
in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and imme-
diately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said John Harrop, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be për-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement and accompanying Drawings (that is to say):-
My Invention consists, first, in the application and use of chloride of sodium
or muriate of soda, which is common salt, acting alone either in a dry or
crystalized state, or dissolved in water as a disinfectant or deodorizer, and also
the use and admixture of common salt with such suitable resinous, bitumi-
nous, earthy, vegetable, metallic, or alkaline matters as resin, pitch, coal, or

page_text: gas-tar, bitumen, asphalt, soot, wood, or peat charcoal in contradistinction to
the use of oleaginous matter for the said purpose. The, salt or combinations
of salt, and the substances above mentioned, are to be employed for the pur-
pose of deodorizing and preventing the generation of noxious miasmatic
effluvia in refuse, organic, fecal, and urinous matters when in a state of
decomposition or otherwise; and, by so doing to remove or prevent the
generation and exhalation of the noxious miasmatic effluvia which are so
injurious and destructive to health.
My Invention also consists in rendering such, refuse matter useful by con-
verting it into a concentrated portable manure, which is effected as follows:-
In order to prevent the escape of the free ammonia from the excrementitious,
organic, fecal, and urinous matters during the process of manufacture into a
concentrated portable manure, I neutralize or combine the said free ammonia
with some or any of the following acids; hydrochloric acid (muriatic acid or
spirit of salt) nitric acid, sulphuric acid, or any other acid for the same pur-
pose, or any admixture of one or more of these said acids together, or with
any acid salts which may be applied to these said uses and purposes, and
employed in such strength and quantities as to neutralize the ammonia, or if the
excremental matter be too alkaline, more acid..must be added, and vice versa.
When thus combined with the salts or acids, I place the fecal or refusc
matter in pans, boilers, or vessels, and evaporate the moisture therefrom by
the aid of steam or hot water employed always in combination with hot or
cold currents of air either separately or combined with the draft and smoke of
the furnace flues, or I employ an exhaust or force pump for the purpose of
assisting the generation of vapour, and carrying away rapidly the generated
steam or vapour produced by the evaporation, such as, for instance, an appa-
ratus consisting of two cylinders working within each other ((gasometer like),
one pair of each being connected to each end of a lever or beam, which being
worked by any moving power the air or vapour is drawn into one pair of such
cylinders by means of a valve, while the opposite pair are discharging, the
vapour, or forcing or drawing the air in a current through or over the matter
to be evaporated according to the manner in which they are employed, or this
may be effected by means of other equivalent apparatus.
A third part of the Invention consists in mixing or compounding with the
manure thus obtained certain portions of ashes or cinders, or other refuse of
combustion, which is first prepared by an arrangement of calcining furnaces
and sifting apparatus, or other available machinery.
In order that the Invention may be better understood and explained in
detail, I have hereunto attached a Sheet of Drawings inade upon a scale of

page_text: about three-eighths of an inch to the foot, illustrative of the means or appa-
ratus which I prefer to use in the manufacture of manure.
Fig. 1 is an end view shewn in section, shewing the peculiar arrangement
of the flues, that from the fires being indicated by red arrows, and the hot air
flue for conveying hot air over or through the excremental matter being shewn
in black; Fig. 2 is an end elevation of the same, shewn partly in section, to
exhibit the means of condensing the steam or noxious vapour arising from the
excremental matter, which steam passing into the condenser (which may be
of any convenient form or construction), is there partly separated from the
current of air which passes direct to the chimney or through the furnace for
the purpose of burning or destroying any noxious effluvia; Fig. 3 is a longi-
tudinal section shewing a novel method of keeping the substance in the boiler
in motion, by which means the cleansing or scraping of the internal sides of
the boiler and the expulsion of the manure is effected; Fig. 4 is a plan view
of the same.
In Figs. 1 and 2, a, a,.is the boiler or chamber into which the excremen-
titious matter is placed, having been previously treated. for the purpose of
deodorization (as before described) with common salt or other saline materials,
either alone or combined with any suitable non-oleaginous matter, and with
any suitable acid for the purpose of neutralizing or combining the free
ammonia; this chamber is heated by means of steam or hot water from the
boiler b, b, through which the furnace flues c, c, pass. The upper portions of
the flues passing along the external sides of the boiler b, b, are divided from
the lower by a partition b¹, forming air chambers or flues d, d, in..which the
air entering by the perforated plates or valves of any other construction
becomes heated, and is then conveyed, drawn, or forced, over or into the
excrementitious matter, and passes out (as indicated by the arrows) to the
condenser c¹, which may be of any convenient construction, where the vapour
is partly condensed and flows down a drain, and the air is passed direct up
the chimney e, or through the draught furnace by means of a damper in
order to, burn or destroy any noxious effluvia. Should the current of air not
be sufficiently powerful to carry the said vapour into the condenser, or to the
furnace, the force pump before described, or any other well-known arrange-
ment,, may be applied; but when the air is required to pass through or into the
excrementitious matter (the agitator being composed of perforated tubes for
the purpose) a force pump will be. required. The excrementitious matter is
supplied to the chamber, as seen in Fig. 3, by means of the pipe or opening g,
and the concentrated manure is removed at the door h, and placed in a drying
room, wherein it is further treated with.hot or cold currents of air until suffi-

page_text: ciently dried, after which it will require to be ground to a powder, when it
will be ready for use. The agitator i is composed of a series of arms radiating
from the central shaft (which I prefer horizontal) and arranged spirally, or in
the form one or more screws around it, so that as it is caused to revolve by
the driving shaft and gearing it will have the effect of propelling the
excrementitious matter towards the door, and thereby facilitating the emptying
of the chamber; the outer ends of the arms are secured to a metallic ring 1,
which gives them firmness, and acts upon the interior of the chamber a as a
scraper or cleanser. When air is required to be forced into the excremen-
titious matter the arms of the agitator are to be composed of perforated tubes,
in which instance the agitator is caused to partake of a reciprocating motion,
and must be entirely immersed in the matter to be evaporated.
I would here remark that since the filing of the Provisional Specification
for my Invention, I have ascertained that the third part of my Invention as
therein described is not so novel or original as I then considered it to be, and
I therefore hereby disclaim that portion of the Invention. I would also
remark that I am aware that salt has been before used in combination with
oil or oleaginous matter which is costly, but by the employment and use of
common salt alone, or other saline materials (which is sufficient for the pur-
pose) or in conjunction with the aforesaid less costly materials, I am enabled
to effect a considerable economy in the manufacture and production of the
manure.
I
Having now described the nature of the said Invention, together with the
method of carrying the same into practical effect, I wish it to be distinctly
understood that I claim,-
"
First, the employment and use of chloride of sodium (muriate of soda or
common salt) but more particularly that description which adheres to the
bottoms and sides of the pans used in the manufacture thereof, and which is
known by the makers as pancake or "salt pan scale," as a deodorizer or
disinfectant in the manufacture of manure, either alone or combined with the
cheap and easily procurable substances before mentioned, such as resin, pitch,
coal, or gas-tar, bitumen, asphalte, soot, wood or peat charcoal, which afore-
said saline substances are to be applied during the accumulation of the fecal
and urinous matters to prevent decomposition and. the generation of noxious
effluvia therefrom in contradistinction to the use of oleaginous matter in
combination with cominon salt for the said purpose.
Secondly, I claim the application and use of hot or cold currents of air,
either separately or combined with the draft and smoke of the furnace flues,
for the evaporation of fecal and urinous matters.

page_text: Thirdly, I claim the combination of parts forming the apparatus for evapo-
rating, desiccating, or drying the excrementitious matters as herein-before
described.
Lastly, I claim the peculiar arrangement of the furnace and hot-air flues
c, c, and d, d, and the application of an exhaust pump, or of currents of hot
or cold air made as described, and also the novel arrangement and construc-
tion of a spiral rotating agitator, or a reciprocating perforated tubular one of
the form suitable to the shape of the boiler, pan, or vessel employed, which
improvements have been described, set forth, and (as I prefer using them)
illustrated in the Drawings attached.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Harrop, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Third day of July, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and sixty-three.
JOHN HARROP. (L.s.)