Improvements in and connected with Concrete and similar Pavements and Floorings.
Year: 1893

page_text: Date of Application, 13th July, 1893
Complete Specification Left, 12th Apr., 1894-Accepted, 12th May, 1894
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and connected with Concrete and similar
Pavements and Floorings.
I, JOHN FISHER of Dunfermline in the County of Fife, Manufacturer, do
hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
:-
This invention relates to pavements floorings stair-treads and the like surfaces
constructed of concrete asphalte and similar materials, and its object is to render
the surfaces less slippery and consequently less dangerous to persons walking
thereon.
In carrying out my invention I break up the surface of the concrete or like
material with strips rods wires or blocks of a soft or comparatively soft metal or
other substance having analogous qualities with such metal, such as lead and its
alloys copper and aluminum and their alloys, and vulcanised indiarubber.
For the purpose of illustrating in what manner I may proceed in carrying out
my invention, and without limiting myself thereto, I may take strips of the soft or
comparatively soft material having a width equal to the thickness of the surface
layer of the pavement or the like, and I may arrange these strips on edge in any
desired pattern or design. The concrete is then filled in between the strips and
finished off flush with their top edges. If the pavement or the like be laid in situ,
the strips are arranged on edge upon the foundation prepared for it.
prepared in blocks, they may be laid upon the layer preceding the surface layer,
or upon whatever base may be employed to receive the surface layer.
If it be
Alternatively, the soft or comparatively soft material may be worked into the
surface of the concrete or like material whilst the latter is still soft and plastic but
so in all cases that the upper surfaces of the material are flush with the upper
surface of the pavement or the like and equally exposed to wear.
The hard surface of the concrete will preserve the softer material while this in
its turn prevents slipping.
Ornamental and other effects may be produced by filling in the spaces between
the softer material with different coloured concrete or the like.
Dated this 12th day of July A.D. 1893.
WILLIAM E. HEYS,
Agent for the Applicant.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and connected with Concrete and similar
Pavements and Floorings.
I, JOHN FISHER of Dunfermline in the County of Fife, Manufacturer, do
hereby declare the nature of this invention, and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-
This invention relates to pavements floorings stair-treads and other surfaces
constructed of concrete asphalte plaster cement or other similar materials and its
objects are to increase the ornamental effects of such surfaces and in the case of

page_text: pavements and the like to render them less slippery and consequently less dangerous.
to persons walking thereon.
In carrying out my invention I break up the surface of the concrete or like
material with strips rods wires or blocks of a soft or comparatively soft metal such
as lead and its alloys or copper and aluminium and their alloys.
For the purpose of illustrating in what manner I may proceed in carrying out
my invention but without limiting myself thereto, I may take strips of the soft cr
comparatively soft metal having a width equal to the thickness of the surface layer
of the pavement or the like, and I may arrange these strips on edge in any desired
pattern or design and at any convenient distance apart. If desired the strips may
form or be combined to form patterns before they are placed in position and the
spaces between them be filled or partly filled with concrete cement or other
material of a different colour to that forming the main part of the ground of the
surface so as to produce an additionally ornamental effect.
If the pavement or the like be laid in situ the strips or their equivalents are laid
upon the foundation prepared for it, and may have at their backs spikes projections
flanges or other devices by means of which they may be attached to or arranged
upon such foundation. Some such device is especially necessary when the strips
are to be applied to a wall or to a surface other than horizontal. A convenient
way of attaching them is to construct them with flanges at their inner edges and pass
nails spikes or screws through the flanges into the foundation.
If the pavement or other surface is to be constructed or built of blocks the
blocks may be separately formed either as herein before described or by placing
the strips face downwards in a suitable mould and then adding the cement concrete
or the like.
Alternatively, the soft or comparatively soft or ornamental metal may be worked
into or inserted into the surface of the concrete or like material while the latter is
still soft or plastic, but so in all cases that the upper surfaces of the metal are flush
with the upper surface of the pavement or the like.
'
In the case of pavements or floorings the hard surface of the concrete will
preserve the metal while this in its turn will prevent slipping.
The accompanying drawings reference to which is hereinafter made illustrate in
what manner this invention may be carried into effect.
'Figure 1 is a representation of a plan of part of a floor or other surface
constructed according to this invention and which is shewn in section in Figure 2.
Figures 3 and 4 illustrate respectively a plan and a section of a surface having
the plain strips of metal or metallic alloy combined with the cement or concrete.
In Figure 1'the desired effects are produced by forming the strips. A into a
pattern and combining them with the ground work of the pavement or other
surface. The strips may of course be formed into any other pattern or design and
the interspaces be filled with cement or other analogous material B, preferably of a
different colour to that of the ground C. It is preferred also that the lower or
back part of the ground C be of a rougher coarser or different and cheaper material
than the upper or outer part. An ornamental border may also be formed by
disposing the strips A as shewn to form a geometrical or other design and, if
desired, using two or more different colours of cement B, C.
In the application of-the invention shewn by Figures 3 and 4 the plain straight
strips A are disposed in rows the alternate strips of each row being at right angles.
As before described the strips may be laid in place before the addition of the outer
or upper surface of the pavement or the like, or may be inserted while the surface is
in a plastic condition.
'It will of course be understood that the drawings only illustrate types of the
methods by which my invention may be carried into effect and that the patterns or
designs produced may be varied infinitely. In all cases however the upper edges
of the strips rods wires or blocks are at the same level as the surface with which
they are combined. Plain flat strips are only shewn but if preferred pieces of any
desired cross section may be employed.

page_text: Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is :-
1. The combination with a concrete cement or similar surface, of strips wires.
rods or blocks of a soft or comparatively soft metal or metallic alloy arranged
substantially as hereinbefore described and as illustrated by the accompanying
drawings.
2. A pavement, flooring, or other similar surface constructed and arranged
substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to the accompanying
drawings.
Dated this 11th daw of Anil A D 1004
WILLIAM E. HEYS,
Agent for the Applicant.