IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CLOG BLOCKS AND CLOG SOLES, AND IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH.
Year: 1875

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Robinson, of Rochdale, in the County of
Lancaster, Engineer, and John Smith, of the same Place, Engineer,
for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CLOG
BLOCKS AND CLOG SOLES, AND IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS CONNECTED
THEREWITH.
"
Sealed the 31st March 1876, and dated the 4th October 1875.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Robinson and
John Smith at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 4th October 1875.
We, JOHN ROBINSON, of Rochdale, in the County of Lancaster,
Engineer, and JOHN SMITH, of the same Place, Engineer, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF CLOG BLOCKS AND CLOG SOLES, AND IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS
CONNECTED THEREWITE," to be as follows:-
Our Invention consists, firstly, in a method of preparing the wood
from which the articles are to be made in order to facilitate subsequent
operations; and secondly, in a series of machines for bringing the said
articles to the required form.

page_text: After the timber has been cut into suitable lengths, either before or
after it is opened out, it is squared on one or more sides and ends, thus
making perfectly square and smooth sides and ends to apply the marking
pattern and to work from as a gauge during subsequent operations, as
well as to form a finish for soles left square at the toes. To accomplish
this squaring we propose to use a rotatory plane consisting of a series
of cutters mounted upon a revolving disc which constitutes the gauge
for the truth of the cut.
The next operation consists in cutting out the blocks by a band or
other sweep cutting saw. The blocks are marked out in such manner
that the flat part of the heel on the inside of one sole forms the flat
part of the heel on the outside of the next one, and thus the convex or
tread side of one solc is formed out of the concave or insido of the next
one, and flats are left to constitute gauges to work from in subsequent
operations.
The next operation consists in blocking the sole to its shape on the
inside and outside parts. For this purpose the sawn out block is
clamped to a table, which then passes between two rotatory rollers, one
being of a suitable configuration for cutting the inside and the other for
cutting the outside, and provided with lances to shoulder the shank
down. These cutters are made capable of being adjusted bodily to suit
different thicknesses of soles, and when it is required to hollow the
inside of the sole we impart to the cutter which operates thereon a
movement bodily by means of a shaper plate or other such apparatus.
Stops or gauges are provided to set the squared or planed parts and one
edge of the block against.
The next operation consists in outting the edge to shape. For this
purpose we use the same machine as that just described, excepting that
the shapes of the cutters are modified to suit the work to be done. A
majority of soles are made rights and lefts, and it is necessary that the
right and left soles should be the same pattern in reverse. We attain
this object by placing a pair or pairs of soles in the frame to be cut at
the same time placed either inside to inside or outside to outside. When
the edges are to be cut at an angle the cutters are caused to move bodily,
as in the blocking machine.
The next operation consists in rounding the heels. For this purpose
wo use a machine with two revolving cutters and a table for carrying

page_text: the article to be operated upon. This table is capable of being set
vertically to any desired angle, and the slide fitted on it is capable of
being moved inward or outward from the cutters, of being turned upon
a centre, and of being moved transversely. The sole being fixed upon
the slide is moved forward to the desired radius, and the said slide being
turned upon its centre one side of the heel is brought against one of the
cutters, and then (after a lateral movement) being turned in the other
direction the second cutter completes the heel. The next operation
(when it is required) consists in rounding or bevilling the shanks. For
this purpose we use a rotatory cutter capable of being moved bodily by
means of a shaper or other such apparatus. The sole is fixed to a table
which is moved forward beneath the cutter which rises and falls while
it operates on the sole.
The next operation consists in hollowing the inside of the sole when
it has not already been done by the blocking machine. For this purpose
we use a sliding table on which the sole is placed, and by which it is
moved under a rotatory cutter which acts across the said sole, and
which is caused to move bodily by a shaper or other such apparatus.
The last operation consists in grooving the sole to receive the leather.
The sole is held in the required position on a suitable rest, and is moved
against a revolving cutter in a guide above the cutter regulating the
depth of the groove.
To vary the depth of groove around the heel the top guide or stop is'
fastened to a frame which slides by any suitable means to admit of the
variation.
In order to give the shaped sole the requisite finish it is operated upon
hv travelling or revolving surface of sound clas
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
30 filed by the said John Robinson and John Smith in the Great
Seal Patent Office on the 4th April 1876.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, JOHN
ROBINSON, of Rochdale, in the County of Lancaster, Engineer, and
JOHN SMITH, of the same Place, Engineer, send greeting. ·

page_text: WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Fourth day of October, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-five, in the
thirty-ninth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and suc-
cessors, give and grant unto us, the said John Robinson and John 5
Smith, Her special license that we, the said John Robinson and
John Smith, our exccutors, administrators, and assigns, or such others
as we, the said John Robinson and John Smith, our exccutors, admi-
nistrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others,
from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein 1
expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend,
within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
MANUFACTURE OF CLOG BLOCKS AND CLOG SOLES, AND IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUB
CONNECTED THEREWITH," upon the condition (amongst others) that we, the 1
said John Robinson and John Smith, by an instrument in writing under
our hands and seals (or under the hand and seal of one of us) should
particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention,
and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause
the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar:
months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said John Smith, on behalf of myself
and of the said John Robinson, do hereby declare the nature of our said
Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following state-
ment and accompanying Drawings (that is to say) :—
Our Invention consists, firstly, in a method of preparing the wood
from which the articles are to be made in order to facilitate subsequent
operations; and secondly, in a series of machines for bringing tho said
articles to the finished form.
In preparing the wood for the first process, that is, the production of
the blocks, we take the timber after it has been cut into suitable lengths,
either before or after it has been opened out, and square it on one or
more sides and ends by means of a rotatory plane of any ordinary con-
struction, thus making perfectly square and smooth surfaces to apply
the marking pattern and to work from as a guage during subsoquent

page_text: operations, as well as to form a finish for soles left square at the toes.
This having been done we proceed to mark out the timber prepared as
above in the following manner, and illustrated at Fig. 1, Sheet 1, of tho
accompanying Drawings:-
At 1 is the timber prepared as above described, and against which we
mark out, by means of a stencil plate or other pattern, a series of clog
blocks, as at a, b, c, d, and when the whole surface of the wood has been
markęd out it will be seen that a series of blocks have been inscribed in
such manner that the flat part of the heel on the inside of one sole forms
the flat part of the heel on the outside of the next one, and thus the
convex or tread side of one sole is formed out of the concave or inside
of the next one, and flats are left to constitute guages to work from in
subsequent operations, when the timber has been cut up according to the
markings out, as at Fig. 2, by a band or other suitable saw.
r
The rough forms of the clogs having thus been obtained the "next
operation is blocking the sole to its shape on the inside and outside parts.
The machine for effecting this is shewn in two views at Figs. 3 and 4,
Sheets 1 and 2. At 3 is the frame, furnished with guides 4, in which is
mounted a sliding frame 5, having fixed thereto a cross piece 6, and
upon it is also another cross piece 7, but capable of sliding vertically
thereon, and these two cross pieces constitute, in the manner hereafter
to be described, a clamp for holding the block A while it is operated
upon. To the part 7 is jointed an arm 8, the other end of which is con-
nected to a lever 9 capable of turning upon a centre 10, and the said
lever 9 is weighted at 11, so that the part 7 is forced thereby downward;
the other end of the lever 9 carries a rod 12, the lower end of which is
connected to a treadle 13 turning on a centre 14, and by depressing this
treadle therefore the attendant may raise the cross piece 7 against the
force of the weight 11. Connected to the sliding frame 5 is a screw 15,
which gears into a nut formed in a bevil wheel 16, which wheel is in
gear with another 17 mounted on a shaft 18; upon this shaft there are
two pullies 19, 20, mounted loosely, each of them being provided with
conical recesses capable of being engaged with a cone 21 sliding on a
key formed on the shaft 18; this cone has a forked lever 22 turning on
a centre at 23, and connected by a link 24 to a hand lever 25*; the
attendant by moving this lever 25* therefore may place the cone 21 in
gear with either of the pullies 19, 20, or it may occupy a middle position
and be free of both of them. The lever 22 carries an arm 25, to which

page_text: "
18 connected a rod 26 passing through an arm 27 extending from
the screw 15. Upon the stationary frame are mounted two cutter
blocks 28, 29, the cutters 30, 31, of which are suitably shaped for acting
upon the inside and outside of the clog block so as to bring it to the
proper configuration.
The cutters shown at 30 are formed as shewn in Fig. 4 for producing
the outside form, and the other cutters 29 the inside form. These cutter
blocks are driven by pullies as at 32 actuated from any convenient
source.
The operation is as follows:-It being assumed that the pullies 19, 20,
are driven in opposite directions, and that the cone 21 is in its middle
position, the said pullies therefore running loosely, but the cutter blocks
are always revolving. This being the position of the parts, the
attendant places his foot upon the treadle 13, whereby the lever 9 is
turned against the force of the weight 11 and the cross piece 7'is raised.
A clog block is now placed upon the bottom cross piece 6 and its
position registered by means of suitable stops shewn in the detached
view Fig. 4*. The treadle now being released the weight 11 will clamp
the block between the two parts 6, 7, after which the lever 25 is turned
so as to engage the cone 21 with the pulley 19, which thus becoming
fast with the shaft 18, a downward motion of the screw 15 will take
place through the medium of the bevil wheels 16, 17. This movement
of the screw 15 will draw down the sliding frame 5 and consequently
block A, which is clamped between the parts 6, 7, and as it is drawn
between the cutter blocks 28, 29, they will bring it to the required
form. The centre 10 of the lever 9 is mounted upon the sliding part 5
and the whole therefore moves bodily together, a slot in the rod 12 being
provided for the pin 12*. When this has been accomplished the arm 27
on the screw 15 arrives in contact with the stop 33, by which means the
rod 26 is drawn downward and the lever 25 thus turned upon its centre
so as to place the cone 21 in its middle position, after which the
attendant by turning the handle 25* places it in gear with the pulley 20,
which by running in the reverse direction to that shewn at 19 turns the
screw 15 so as to elevate the sliding frame 5 back into the position
shown in the Drawing, but at a quicker speed so as to save time, and
when that is done the arm 27 arrives in contact with a second stop 33*,
and again places the cone 21 in its middle position; or the stops 33, 33*,
may make the machine self-acting,

page_text: In the foregoing description we have assumed the axes of the cutter
blocks 28, 29, to be stationary, but they may be employed in another
manner for hollowing out the soles; as we shall however describe that
operation as performed by a separate machine, we defer the description
of this modification until wo have explained the special machine used
for the purpose.
Figs. 1°, 2*, shew the cutter for the inside of the sole detached, which
cutter is sharpened on the inside. The clog sole has now been roughed
out on the inside and outside, and the next operation consists in cutting
the edge to shape, for which purpose we use the same machine as that
just described (Figs. 3, 4), excepting that the shapes of the cutters are
modified to suit the work to be done, and the cross pieces 6, 7, may be
provided with surfaces to suit the form of the hollowed out clog block,
the better to hold it in position, for of course when the edges are out the
article will have to lie flat, that is, at right angles to the position shewn
in Fig. 4.
.
If rights and lefts are to be made, and if the blocks are to be edged
singly, then the cutter on one side of the machine must vary in shape
from that on the other side to produce the required form for either
rights or lefts, and supposing these cutters produce the former then it
will be that configuration only, and the cutters must be changed to
produce a like number of the latter. But to obviate this change we
place two blocks together in the machine, adapted face to face or back
to back, as shewn at Figs. 5, 6; when therefore they have been passed
through the machine and are separated, and are turned over they will
be counterparts on reverse sides, and will constitute a true pair of right
and left.
When the edges are to be cut at an angle, we modify the machine as
will be described when we refer to the after process of hollowing.
The next machine to be described is that for rounding the heels and
the toes if the latter be required. This is shewn at Figs, 7, 8, 9,
Sheet 3, a portion of the driving parts being represented as broken off in
Fig. 7 for the sake of space. At 40 is the main framework of the
machine which is provided with two extending parts 41 carrying set
5 screws 60, which are capable of being tightened upon slotted segmental
brackets 42 extending from a table 43, which is mounted to turn upon a
centre 44. This table is provided with a V guide within which is

page_text: situate a sliding part 45 to which is jointed a rod 46, the lower end
thereof being fast upon a shaft 47 on which there is a double treadle 48.
The sliding V part 45 is furnished with a pin 49 which projects through
an opening 50 and through a plate 51 placed on the said table 13 and
provided with a handle 52. Upon the pin 40 therefore the said plato
may be turned as a centre. At 53, 51, are shafts driven through the
medium of pullies 55, 56, and carrying ordinary cutter blocks 57, 58,
which revolve in the direction of the arrows. When this machine is to
be used, say for the heel, a model of the inside of the block is placed
upon the plate 51, a hole in the said block admitting the pin 49 and the
block being kept in position by stops. The table 43 is then turned by
hand upon its centre 44 so as to present the angle at which the heel is
required to be cut, and the said table is then made fast by the set screws
60. A clog sole is now placed on the model, it being assumed that at this
time the pin 49 is midway between the axes of the two cutter blocks,
57, 58, and in this position the said cutters are inoperative. The
attendant now places his foot upon the one or the other part of the
treadle 48, whereby the v part 45 is caused to slide in the one direction
or the other, carrying with it the plate 51 and clog sole, which by this
movement is brought within range of one of the cutter blocks 57, 68,
say that shewn at 58, which immediately begins to act upon it. Then
the attendant seizing the handle 52 turns the plate 51 and consequently
clog sole upon the centre pin 49, so as to present the whole of one half
of the heel to the said cutter. When this has been done the other end
of the treadle is used to move the V part 45 in the opposite direction,
whereby the other side of the heel will be brought against the cutter 57,
and the handle 52 being used as before described, but in the opposite
direction, the second half of the heel is shaped.
It will be obvious that any angle may be given to the hcel by adjusting
the table 43, and that a square cut may be effected if desired. For
rounding the toes when such form is required it is merely necessary to
apply a suitable model for presenting the toe end to the cutters.
Ordinary driving apparatus is shewn at Fig. 9 with fast and loose
pullies to which a strap guide as usual may be adapted. The radius for
cutting the heels and toes is regulated by altering the position of the
pin 49 in a slot.
The next operation (when it is required) consists in rounding or
bevilling the shanks, and the machine we employ for this is shewn at

page_text: Figs. 10, 11, 12, Sheet 1. Upon the framework GO of the machino is
mounted a shaft 61, on which there is a pulley 62 driven by an over-
head or other convenient motion, and upon the said shaft is also
another pulley 63, which drives a pulley 64 on a shaft 65 mounted in
arms 66, which are capable of turning loosely upon the shaft 61, so
as to constitute a swinging frame. Upon the shaft 65 is mounted a
cutter block 67, on each side of which are rollers 68 resting upon the
edges of rails 69 formed upon a table 70; this table, as seen parti-
cularly at Fig. 11, is found with V edges 71, which slide in grooves 72
formed in the framing. Transversely upon the table 70 is placed a
block 78 corresponding in form to the inside of the clog sole, which sole
in Fig. 11 is shewn resting upon the said block. Fixed to the tablo 70
is a bracket 74, an extension 75 of which is formed as a handle, but as
stated it is fixed. Tho bracket 74 has a centre pin 76, on which is
mounted a lever 77, and by pressing these two parts, 75, 77, towards
each other the said part 77 is caused to press the sole firmly upon the
block 73, or the same thing may be done by any other ordinary clamp.
To the table 70 is connected a rod 78, jointed at its other end to a
lever 79 fixed to a shaft 80, which carries a second lever 81 jointed to a
rod 82, which at its other end is connected to a hand lever 83 mounted
to turn on a centre 84. Upon the rails 69, and in a line transversely
with the sole when adapted to the block 73, are rises 85 corresponding
to the shape to which it is intended to work the shanks. The clog sole
having been placed upon the block 73, and clamped thereto as above
described, the attendant by turning the handle 83 in the direction of
the arrow causes the table 70 to slide forward in the direction of its
arrow, thereby bringing the clog sole to the action of the cutter block 67,
which begins to operate upon it at one edge, but as the table advances
the rollers run up the elevated parts 85 on the shaper rails 69, and then
run down them, thereby causing the cutters to produce the required curve
for bevilling the shanks. When this has been done the handle 83 is pulled
over in the reverse direction, whereby the table 70 is moved back to
the position shewn, the clog sole is removed, and another adapted to be
treated as before. The part 86 simply represents a cover for the cutter
block

page_text: the said block by means of set screws; at 91 are two lances, which as
the cutters 90 effect the rounding of the shank act upon the inside of
the heel and clean it to shape.
It will be seen by reference to Fig. 14 that the cutters are set at an
angle upon the block so as to effect a leading cut.
The next operation consists in hollowing the inside of the sole when it
has not already been done by the blocking machine represented at Figs. 3
and 4, Sheet 1-2, as will hereafter be referred to, and the machine
which we specially employ for this purpose we proceed to describe by
reference to Figs. 15, 16, 17, Sheets 5-6. At 94 is the main shaft of the
machine, upon which there are the ordinary fast and loose pullies 95, 96,
and these pullies, according to the arrangement shewn, are driven from
a strap below them. Upon this shaft 94 is a pulley 97 driving by means
of a strap another pulley 98 on a shaft 99, which carries two loose
bevil wheels 100, 101, the one gearing into a wheel 102, and the other
into a smaller wheel 103, according to an arrangement well known in
planing machines. Upon the axis of the two wheels 100, 101, is a
screw 104 situate within a nut carried by a table 105, which table has V
edges working in guides 106 formed upon the framework.
The two wheels 100, 101, are provided with conical recesses, between
which is a friction cone 107 embraced by a fork 108 extending from a
weighted lever 109 turning upon a centre 110, and communicating by
means of rods and levers 111, 112, 113, with a lever 114 turning upon a
centro 115. Upon the frame of the machine is mounted a lever 116
capable of turning up a centre 117, and upon the table 105 is a
projecting part having two inclines 118, 119. Suppose the cone 107 to
be in gear with the pinion 101 it will by causing the wheel 102 to rotate,
give motion to the screw 104 in such a direction as to cause the table to
move in the direction of the arrow, and the incline 119 will arrive in
contact with the lever 116, and by turning it upon its centre 117 will
through the parts above referred to cause the fork 108 to shift the
cone 107 from gear with the wheel 101 into gear with the other
wheel 100, whereby the motion of the screw 104, and consequently
table 105, will be reversed, causing the latter to move in the contrary
direction to the arrow, and then when the said table has passed through
a certain space the incline 118 will arrive in contact with the lever 114,
and by turning it upon its centre 115 shift the tumbler lover 109 so as

page_text: again to reverse the motion of the said table 105, which is therefore by
these means caused to move forward and backward on its V guides.
Upon the driving shaft 94 is a pulley 120, over which a strap 121 passes,
from thence over a pulley 122, across one of two guide pullies 123,
around a pulley 124 on an axis 125, back to the other guide pulley 122,
and from thence to the starting point on the pulley 120. The axis of
the pulley 124 is mounted in a fork 130 of an arm 131, which is capable
of turning upon a centre 132 carried, as we will at present suppose, by
any suitable bearing, and upon the said axis is mounted a cutter
block 133 provided with a series of cutters, as shown in the Drawing.
The forked part 180 is provided with two rollers 134, which rest upon
rails 135 carried by the table 105, which rails are shapers corresponding
to the configuration to which the sole is to be hollowed, as seen at
Fig. 15. The arm 131 is suspended from a lever 136 by means of a
chain 187, and the said lever is provided with a counterbalance
weight 138.
The sole to be hollowed is placed upon the table 105, as seen in
Fig. 15, its position being registered by stops 189, 140, and it is held
there by the attendant by means of the lever 141 and purchase 142, as
before-mentioned.
According to the positions of the parts shewn the sole is partly
hollowed out by the table 105, having moved, as above described, a
certain distance, during which movement the said hollowing has been
regulated by the rollers 134 being in contact with the shapers 135, the
arm 181, and consequently cutter block 188, turning upon the
centre 132; and when the said hollowing has been completed the
incline 119.coming into action, as above described, will cause the
table 105 to run back for the adaptation of another sole.
"
The above description has assumed that the hollowing is equal across.
the breadth of the sole, but it is generally the case that one side of the
sole has to be hollowed more than the other. When this is the case we
adopt the following arrangement:-Attached to the table 105 is a plate
in which is formed a groove 150, 151, a pin 152 carried by the fork 130
of the arm 131 projecting therein. The part 150 of the said groove
5 represents an equal circular cut across the sole, but when the part 151
of the said groove is brought into contact with the pin 152 the arm 131
is bent on one side, and there is consequently more wood removed from

page_text: that side than on the other. In order to admit of this motion of the
arm 131 its centre of motion 132 is carried by a disc 160, which is
capable of turning upon a centre carried by the framework, such centre
of motion in the arrangement shewn being obtained by slots and
pins 161. The lever 162 is an ordinary setting on and disengaging
apparatus for the main driving strap.
When the hollowed sole is returning the cutter block may be raised
clear of it by a tappet or similar arrangement.
In describing the roughing out machine we stated that it might be
used for hollowing out, and having just described the special machine
for effecting that operation we now proceed to show how it may be done
by referring again to Figs. 3, 4, Sheet 1, 2. The cutter blocks 28, 29,
which we formerly described as stationary, are mounted upon levers
163, 164, which are capable of turning upon centres 165, 166, and cach
of such blocks is provided with a roller kept in contact with rails 167,
168, formed on the frame by means of springs 169, 170, which may be
tightened by means of set screws 171, 172. The rails 167, 168, are
shaper plates, and as the rollers of the blocks run against them the
cutters are forced outward or inward according to the hollowing required,
and the same arrangement may be used for bevilling the edges. This
machine may be arranged to work horizontally or in a circular direction.
The next operation consists in grooving the sole to receive the leather;
the machine we employ for effecting this is shewn in two views, at Figs.
18, 19, on Sheet 7. Adapted to the framework 180 is a rotatory
cutter 181, driven by means of a pulley 182, which cutter, as seen in
Figs. 18, 19, appears as a V groove only, but it is formed with cutting
edges, and will be recognized as one form of cutter employed in moulding
machines. On the bracket which carries the cutter shaft are guides 183,
within which is situate a sliding part 184 provided with a cross piece 185
situate just above the cutter; resting upon the part 181 is a weighted
lever 186 carried by a centre 187 adapted to a fixing of the frame; to
the cross piece 185 is jointed a rod 188, the lower end of which is con-
nected to a treadle 190 mounted on a centro 191; to the fixing 192 is
adapted a part 193 which acts as a rest for the clog sole to be operated
upon. The workman taking the sole in his hand places it upon the
rest 193 and gradually moves it round against the revolving cutter 181,
during which operation the part not operated upon moves against the

page_text: edge of the cross piece 185 and thus the depth of the groove is
regulated. It is however usual to cut the groove deeper at the heel
than at the other parts; when therefore the above operation has been
performed the attendant places his foot upon the treadle 190 and thereby
raises the gauge piece 185; by now applying the heel again to the
cutter the gauge piece 185 will now allow it to pass further inward, and
the extra depth of cut will be effected; or the said extra depth may be
formed during the first operation by depressing the treadle while the
heel is passing in contact with the cutter. The soles after. the above
operation may be finished by revolving or travelling files, or surfaces of
ground glass, emery, or other such materials.
Having thus described and ascertained the nature of our said Inven-
tion, and the manner in which the same is to be performed, I desire it
to be understood that we are aware that clog soles have heretofore been
made by the aid of rotatory cutters, and do not therefore lay any claim
thereto; but we claim as our Invention,―
Firstly. The method of preparing the timber, marking it out, and
producing the rough blocks, described in reference to Figs. 1, 2.
Secondly. The production of a pair of soles at the same time, as
described in reference to Fig. 5, 6.
Thirdly. The general arrangement and construction of the various
machines shewn and described.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Smith, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Third day of April, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and seventy-six.
'