Improved Methods of Construction and Appliances for Use in or connected with Incubators and Foster Mothers or Rearers for Chickens and the like.
Year: 1899

page_text: Date of Application, 7th Mar., 1899
Complete Specification Left, 7th Dec., 1899-Accepted, 7th Mar., 1900
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improved Methods of Construction and Appliances for Use in or
connected with Incubators and Foster Mothers or Rearers for
Chickens and the like.
ISABELLA BATHGATE MACKINTOSH, Widow, and LOUIS ALEXANDER MACKINTOSH,
Civil Engineer, both of the l'arish of Great Chesterford, in the County of Essex,
do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
The outer cases or bodies of incubators and foster mothers or rearers are con-
structed of sheet and moulded asbestos, or asbestic.
Cardboard, millboard, wood-pulp, and papier-mache or any suitable similar
substances may be also employed.
If necessary they may be made fireproof by chemical and other treatment.
When these materials are employed in sheet form they are rivetted, screwed,
cemented, or otherwise attached to a suitable metal framework.
In a plastic form the material is stamped, or pressed in, or around, suitable
moulds, and wire gauze or cloth may be embedded.
The wire cloth or gauze can also be soldered or otherwise attached to a suitable
metal framework.
Blocks or formers may also be employed to mould the outer cases or bodies
from thin sheets joined together in successive layers by glue, paste, or any suit-
able cement.
Incubators, more particularly constructed according to the Complete Specifica-
tion filed by us No. 6895 March 22nd, 1898, have the lid or top, in three divisions
or any required sections, to one of which the egg-tray is affixed by suitable metal
standards so as to be readily removable and to form a firm base for the regulator.
the remaining part, or parts, of the lid being rebated or otherwise arranged so.
as to be opened with facility when requisite to do so.
A drying box of wire gauze or cloth is attached to the fixed part of the lid
and so arranged as to be covered and opened by the removal of the other part.
or parts, of the lid. A single central heat supply flue is employed' which is slotted
on one side and provided with a swing damper to control or govern the heat supply,
being pivoted at a suitable distance, and arranged to give an almost direct heat
supply when open.
For facility in construction and when strong enough the body is made seperate
from the base and attached thereto by suitable rectangular metal brackets, they
are extended along the base plate for increased rigidity, holes are made therein
and through the base plate to attach tubular metal legs or feet. which are carried
through to a suitable length and removable or fixed caps or ends affixed to support
the egg-fray. Suitable holes preferably at right angles are made in the legs or
feet for the supply of fresh air.
Foster mothers or rearers are constructed so that they can be readily attached
to any coops or suitable boxes of different dimensions, they consist of a metal
case of any suitable shape or sizes having sides, and insulated with asbestos or

page_text: other non conductor of heat, to which a fireclay heat radiator, descriped in Com-
plute Specification No. 6895 March 22nd 1898, as herein previously referred to,
18 preferably affixed, holes are made in the outer edges for ventilation and the
escape of the unconsumed products of combustion, if any, this is more particularly
necessary when a fireclay heat radiator is not employed.
The lamp is affixed in an open stand which is slotted in a rectangular manner
to firmly lock it in position and is attached to a metal, or wood, strut or brace,
and affixed to the bottom of the coop.
A gauze or perforated metal chimney flanged on the upper interior edge,
slides over an inner sheet metal chimney flanged on the exterior lower edge, so as
to limit extension, this is attached to the inner side of the metal case and fireclay
heat radiator, if employed, the top is cut or arranged in the form of a shallow
tripod so as to spread or diffuse the heat. Two holes are made near the outer
edge, drilled or slotted brackets may also be affixed thereto, so that the metal
case slides along vertical metal standards which are firmly affixed to the coop,
they may be threaded and fitted with fly nuts, or otherwise suitably arranged so
that the travel or distance can be readily altered and yet lift free to slide or open
upwards.
Hot water tanks may be employed in a similar manner.
Slips of asbestos, rubber, leather, stiff cloth, or any other suitable substances
of a like nature are mounted in a metal or wood handle for the purpose of turning
eggs in incubators.
Circular, oblong, or other shaped corrugated, fluted, or plain, rollers are mounted
un a spindle and a handle to permit rotation, they may, or may not, be covered
with asbestos, or suitable materials, and are also employed for egg turning.
Wood, asbestos, or suitable materials are cut into sections of any required form,
and are mounted on a spindle and handle for a like purpose. Incubator capsules
are stayed or strengthened by circular, straight, or other shaped wires, being
affixed to their exterior surfaces.
1
1000
ISABELLA BATHGATE MACKINTOSH,
LOUIS ALEXANDER MACKINTOSH.
Improved Methods of Construction and Appliances for Use in or
connected with Incubators and Foster Mothers or Rearers for
Chickens and the like.
ISABELLA BATIIGATE MACKINTOSH, Widow, and LOUIS ALEXANDER MACKINTOSH,
Civil Engineer, both of the Parish of Great Chesterford, in the County of Essex,
do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is
to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the follow-
ing statement:-
-
The outer cases or bodies of incubators and foster mothers or rearers are con-
structed of sheet and moulded asbestos, or asbestic, cardboard, millboard, wood-
pulp, papier-mache or any suitable similar substances may be employed.
If requisite, and when the material is not fireproof, chemical or any other
suitable treatment may be employed to render it non inflamable.
When these materials are used in a sheet form, they are rivetted, screwed,
cemented, or otherwise attached to a suitable metal framework.
Blocks, or formers, may be also employed to mould the outer cases or bodies
L

page_text: from thin sheets joined together in successive layers, by glue, paste, or any
suitable cement. In a plastic form the material is stamped or pressed in or,
around, suitable moulds, and wire gauze or cloth may be embedded. The wire
cloth or gauze can also be soldered or otherwise attached to a suitable metal frame
work.
Asbestos or other materials of a similar porous nature are rendered damp proof,
and hardened, by being coated with strong size, and varnished with a rich shellac
varnish.
Solutions of soap and alum are used for a like purpose to deposit an insoluble
alumina film on the outer surface. Foster mothers or rearers are constructed
so that they can be readily attached to coops, or suitable boxes of different dimen-
sions.
They consist of oblong metal cases of any shape or sizes, preferably of a semi-
circular shape, having sides, and insulated with asbestos or other non conductor
of heat to which a fireclay heat radiator described in Complete Specification filed
by us No. 6895 March 22nd 1898 is advantageously affixed, holes are made in the
outer edges for ventilation, and escape of the unconsumed products of combustion,
if any, this is more particularly necessary when a fireclay heat radiator is not
employed.
The lamp is affixed in any suitable open stand, but for facility in cleaning we
prefer to employ a flat circular sheet metal plate of a slightly larger diameter
than the bottom of the lamp with three holes punched on the cuter edge in which
half round screws or the like are inserted, to project out and form a rest for
lamp.
The foster mother, or rearer is provided with chains, or standards in order that
it may readily lift or slide upwards but preferably a pivotted sliding bolt is used
to enable it to be opened on one side. The fireclay heat radiator is affixed to
the upper surface by a wire gauze screen and two bolts which hold it firmly in
position.
Figure 1 is a sectional elevation of the foster mother or rearer affixed in a suit-
able coop.
a oblong semicircular metal case, 6 semicircular fireclay heat radiator, c wire
gauze screen and d d metal straps affixed to the same with e e bolts to enable the
gauze screen to hold the fireclay heat radiator firmly when screwed up into position.
f pivotted sliding bolt screwed or otherwise affixed to the bottom of the coop,
fbolt or pin which forms a pivot and enables the outer case to be readily
swung open on one side, metal outer sheath attached to end of outer case and
of suitable dimensions to permit the aforesaid pivotted sliding bolt to travel or
slide freely in a vertical direction until engaged or stopped from further extension
by f3, hook or bent end of the same, g lamp placed upon a metal plate h which
is provided with holes on outer edge to receive projecting screws, nails, or
the like and form a rest for the lamp, i adjustable vertical sliding lamp chimney
having adjustment holes and clamping bolt ; which enables it to be affixed to
any requisite vertical height and support the outer case at any predetermined
suitable horizontal position according to the age of the chickens. In place of
fireclay heat radiators hot water tanks may be employed in a similar manner.
Sections of asbestos rubber, leather, stiff cloth, and brush materials or any
other suitable substances are mounted on a metal or wood handle for the purpose
of turning eggs in incubators.
Figure 2 is an elevation of a fixed egg turner, a metal handle with b longi-
tudinal sections of sheet asbestos pivotted on to the same.
In use the eggs are turned by the turner being passed over their upper surfaces,
or this appliance may when of suitable dimensions be employed to facilitate the
removal of a row of eggs and their being placed to the other end of egg tray or
drawer.
Circular, square, or other shaped corrugated, fluted, or plain rollers of any
requisite material are mounted on spindles and handles to permit rotation, they

page_text: may be either entirely or partly covered with asbestos or suitable materials and
are also employed for egg turning. Figure 3 is an elevation of a revolving egg
turner, a roller with fluted end of small diameter for facility in revolving over
eggs and c sections of asbestos attached to the same & handle.
The eggs are turned by revolving turner over their upper surfaces, when the
roller is provided with a fluted end of small diameter as 6 Figure 3 gentle pressure
is put on eggs by handle d and the roller is revolved over eggs by fluted end b.
Wood, asbestos or other suitable materials are cut into sections of any required
form and are mounted on a spindle and handle for egg turning.
Incubator capsules are stayed or strengthened by circular, straight, or other
shaped wires being affixed to their exterior surfaces, for neatness ribs may be
stamped on capsule plates and wires soldered, or fixed inside. Figures 4 and 5
are front and back elevations of the capsule stayed or strengthened with wires.
a capsule plates, b wires, c usual stamped centre boss with hollow centre for lifting
rod.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed we declare that what
we claim is:-
1. The employment and use of materials as herein stated and as described for
the bodies or outer cases of.incubators and foster mothers or rearers.
2. Foster mothers or rearers that can be attached to any coops or suitable boxés
as described and as shown in drawing.
3. Appliances for egg turning as described.
4. The method of strengthening incubator capsules described.
Dated this Seventh day of December Eighteen hundred and ñinety-nine.
ISABELLA BATHGATE MACKINTOSH,
LOUIS ALEXANDER MACKINTOSH.