IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM BOILERS
Year: 1853

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Auguste Edouard Loradoux Bellford, of 16,
Castle Street, Holborn, (City,) Eondon, Patent Agent, for the
Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM BOILERS."-A communi-
cation.
Sealed the 28th December 1858, and dated the 28th June 1853.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Auguste Edouard
Loradoux Bellford at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with his Petition, on the 28th June 1853.
AUGUSTE EDOUARD LORADOUX BELLFORD, of 16, Castle Street,
Holborn, City, London, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM BOILERS" to be as
follows:-
The improvements which are comprehended in the present Invention
have been made with a view to secure a more perfect combustion of
the gases generated by the ignition of the fuel, to obtain a large extent
of heating surface, of which, when the boiler is working properly, no
part is subjected to a very intense heat, to guard against explosions
produced by great diminution of the quantity of water, and to diminish
the necessary weight of metal and quantity of water. The result

page_text: obtained by these improvements are economy in the consumption of
fuel and in expense of consumption, increased strength and durability,
and adaptedness for the use of coal, coke, or wood for stationary and
locomotive purposes. In the accompanying Drawing Fig. 1, is a
vertical section through the centre of a boiler constructed according to
my improvements. Fig. 2, is a horizontal section of the same, taken
in the line x, y, of Fig. 1. Similar letters of reference indicate corre-
sponding parts in both Figures. The outer shell of the boiler consists
of a vertical cylinder A, within which is a smaller cylinder B, the two
cylinders being united by annular plates a, and b, at top and bottom, and
forming an outer water jacket. Within the outer water jacket there
is an inner water jacket formed by a cylinder or hollow frustum of a
cone C, and a cylinder D, united at their bottoms, which are a little
above the bottoms of the cylinders A, and B. The cylinder or frustum C,
is of such size as to leave a considerable space between its exterior and
the interior of the cylinder B; its upper end is connected with B, all
around some distance below the top of the latter. The cylinder D, is
left open at its bottom, and terminates at the top in a dome E. The
cylinder B, terminates in a dome F, which constitutes a steam
chamber. There is a communication between the outer water jacket
and the interior of the cylinder B, through a series of holes c, c.
The two water jackets are connected at the bottom by a blow off
pipe e, and both jackets are cleaned out by one blow off cock f. The
two water jackets constitute the body of the boiler, and the water coll-
tained in both will always be at the same level, provided that level does
not rise above the top of the outer jacket. The boiler is supported by
a circle base G, upon which the outer shells rests; this contains the
circular fire grate F, and the ash pit. The fire grate is so arranged as
to leave a shelf I, all round it, between which shelf and the bottom of
the outer water jacket there is a space K, which may be considered as
a circular flue. A. series of tubes J, J, passing vertically through the
outer water jacket, and terminating in the plates a, and b, form
a communication between the fluc K, and an upper annular flue L,
which is formed around the dome F, by fitting a dome M, to the top
of the shell-A, the said dome being less concave than F, and uniting

page_text: with it near the centre. The chimney, whose lower entrance is
shown in dotted lines in Fig. 1, rises directly from the fluc L.
Within the innermost cylinder D, are two vertical coils N, N', of
tubing, but of these there may be only one or more whose lower ends
are in communication with the lower part of the outer water jacket,
and whose upper part pass through the dome E, and then connect
with two upright piles O, O', which reach nearly to the top of the
dome F, into which they open, with their mouths turned downwards.
A coil of a similar nature may be placed in the annular space between
the outer and inner water jackets, but I prefer to place one of a
different nature, which is herein-after explained. The water heating
surfaces of the boiler consists of the cylinder or frustum of a conc C,
the cylinder D, the greater portion of the cylinder B, the dome F,
and the coils N, N. The heat radiated from the fuel acts more or
less upon all these parts, and the gases given off from the ignited fuel
rise and are consumed in the cylinder D, and in the space between
the water jackets. The products of combustion descend and pass off
into the circular flue K, from which they escape through the tubes
J, J, to the circular flue I, and from thence into the chimney M.
The steam generated by the contact of the water with all these heating
surfaces rises into the dome or steam chamber F, from which it is
taken off for use by any suitable means at P. The arrangement
and connections of the water jackets and coils of pipe have the
effect of preserving a water level in the jackets, but not in the coils.
The steam is generated in and rises through the coils of pipes with
such rapidity that constant streams of water are driven forcibly
through them into the steam chamber so long as any water is left
in the boiler. The water thus driven up descends again when it
leaves the pipes, to be again carried up, and thus a constant circulation
of water is kept up in every part of the boiler. In case the level
of the water becomes low in the water jackets the water that is
forced through the coils of pipe into the steam chamber has the
effect of keeping the heated surfaces moist, and thereby obviates the
danger of explosions, and prevents the plates from burning. The
forcible circulation of water through the coils prevents any accumulation

page_text: of impurities. It will be observed that a very large amount of heating
surface is presented in a boiler of this description, and is only covered
by a small quantity of water, which, consequently, is quickly converted
into steam. But although the heating surface is very thinly covered
the boiler may be worked with perfect safety untill it is nearly empty.
The boiler is intended to be kept full, with the exception of the
dome F, which will afford sufficient steam room; it is thus almost
impossible that the level in the water jackets could be reduced by
accident to such a degree as to be dangerous. The form of the boiler
is well adapted to withstand pressure without the aid of braces or stays.
The coil Q, which I have represented in the space between the outer
and immer water jackets is for the purpose of drying the steam after it
leaves the steam chamber, the steam being conducted to the coil by a
pipe R, and carried out for use by a pipe S. In order that the dryness
of the steam may be tempered I have introduced a very small pipe,
which will admit a very small stream of water from the outer water
jacket into the pipe R. This pipe may be closed or opened at various
degrees by a cock d, of common construction, or by any suitable means.
A boiler of this description may be modified to a considerable extent;
there need be no particular limit to the number of water jackets, which
are arranged one within the other, nor to the number of water coils.
The water coils may be placed only inside the inner jacket,
spaces between every two adjoining jackets, and may communicate with
any of the jackets
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Auguste Edouard Loradoux Bellford in the Great
Seal Patent Office, on the 28th December 1853.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I,
AUGUSTE EDOUARD LORADOUX BELLFORD, of 16, Castle Street, Holborn,
(City,) London, Patent Agent, send greeting.
WHEREAS Whereas Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria,
by Her Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-eighth day of June,
in the of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-three, in
year

page_text: the seventeenth year of Fler reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and suc-
cessors, give and grant unto me, the said Auguste Edonard Loradoux
Bellford, Her special licence that I, the said Auguste Edouard Lora-
doux Bellford, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others
as I, the said Auguste Edouard Loradoux Bellford, my executors, ad-
ministrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others,
from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein
expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend,
within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention, communicated to me by a
foreigner residing abroad, for "IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM BOILERS," upon
the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Auguste Edouard Lora-
doux Bellford, by an instrument in writing under my hand and scal,
should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said In-
vention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause
the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Auguste Edouard Loradoux
Bellford, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention, and in
what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described
and ascertained in and by the following statement thereof, and the
Drawings hereunto annexed (that is to say):
The improvements which are comprehended in the present Invention
have been made with a view to secure a more perfect combustion of the
gases generated by the ignition of the fuel, to obtain a large extent of
heating surface, of which, when the boiler is working properly, no part
is subjected to a very intense heat, to guard against explosions pro-
duced by great diminution of the quantity of water, and to diminish
the necessary weight of metal and quantity of water. The results
obtained by these improvements are economy in the consumption
of fuel and in expense of construction, increased strength and
durability, and adaptation for the use of coal, coke, or wood for
stationary and locomotive purposes. In the accompanying Drawing
Fig. 1, is a vertical section through the centre of a boiler constructed
according to my improvements. Fig. 2, is a horizontal section of the

page_text: same, taken in the line a, y, of Fig. 1. Similar letters of reference
indicate corresponding parts in both Figures. The outer shell of the
boiler consists of a vertical cylinder A, within which is a smaller cylin
der B, the two cylinders being united by annular plates a, and b, at to
and bottom, and forming an outer water jacket. Within the outer water
jacket there is an inner water jacket formed by a cylinder or hollow
frustrum of a cone C, and a cylinder D, united at their bottoms, which
are a little above the bottoms of the cylinders A, and B. The cylinder
or frustrumi C, is of such size as to leave considerable space between its
exterior and the interior of the cylinder B; its upper end is connected
with B, all around some distance below the top of the latter. The
cylinder D, is left open at its bottom, and terminates at the top in
a dome E. The cylinder B, terminates in a dome F, which constitutes
a steam chamber. There is a communication between the outer water
jacket and the interior of the cylinder B, through a series of holes c, c.
The two water jackets are connected at the bottom by a blow off pipe e
and both jackets are cleaned out by one blow off cock f. The two
water jackets constitute the body of the boiler, and the water contained
in both will always be at the same level, provided that level does not
rise above the top of the outer jacket. The boiler is supported by a
circular base G, upon which the outer shell rests; this contains the
circular fire grate E, and the ash pit. The fire grate is so arranged as
to leave a shelf I, all around it, between which shelf and the bottom of
the outer water jacket there is a space K, which may be considered as
a circular flue. A series of tubes J, J, passing vertically through the
outer water jacket, and terminating in the plates a, and b, form a com-
munication between the flue K, and an upper annular flue L, which is
formed around the dome F, by fitting a dome M, to the top of the
shell A, the said domo being less concave than F, and uniting with it
near the centre. The chimney, whose lower entrance is shown in
dotted lines in Fig. 1, riscs directly from the flue L. Within the
innermost cylinder D, are two vertical coils N, N', of tubing, but of
these there may be only one or more whose lower ends are in commu-
nication with the lower part of the outer jacket, and whose upper
ends pass through the dome E, and then connect with two upright

page_text: pipes o, o', which reach nearly to the top of the dome F, into which
they open, with their mouths turned downwards. A coil of a similar
nature may be placed in the annular space between the outer and inner
water jackets, but I prefer to place one of a different nature, which is
herein-after explained. The water heating surfaces of the boiler consist
of the cylinder or frustrum of a cone C, the cylinder D, the greater
portion of the cylinder B, the dome F, and the coils N, N'. The heat
radiated from the fuel acts more or less upon all these parts, and the
gases given off from the ignited fuel rise and are consumed in the
cylinder D, and in the space between the water jackets. The products
of combustion descend, and pass off into the circular flue K, from whence
they escape through the tubes J, J, to the circular flue L, and from
thence to the chimney M. The steam generated by the contact of the
water with all these heating surfaces rises into the dome or steam
chamber F, from which it is taken off for use by any suitable means
at P. The arrangement and connections of the water jackets and
coils of pipe have the effect of preserving a water level in the jackets,
but not in the coils. The steam is generated in and rises through the
coils of pipe with such rapidity that constant streams of water are
driven forcibly through them into the steam chamber so long as any
water is left in the boiler. The water thus driven up descends again
when it leaves the pipes, to be again carried up, and thus a constant
circulation of water is kept up in every part of the boiler. In case the
level of the water becomes low in the water jackets the water that is
forced through the coils of pipe into the steam chamber has the effect of
keeping the heating surfaces moist, and thereby obviates the danger of
explosion, and prevents the plates from burning. The forcible circula-
tion of water through the coils prevents any accumulation of impurities.
It will be observed that a very large amount of heating surface is
presented in a boiler of this description, and is only covered by a small
quantity of water, which consequently is quickly converted into steam.
But although the heating surface is very thinly covered, the boiler may
be worked with perfect safety until it is nearly empty. The boiler is
intended to be kept full, with the exception of the dome F, which will
afford sufficient steam room; it is thus almost impossible that the level

page_text: in the water jackets could be reduced by accident to such a degree as
to be dangerous. The form of the boiler is well adapted to withstand
pressure without the aid of braces or stays. The coil Q, which I have
represented in the space between the outer and inner water jackets is
for the purpose of drying the steam after it leaves the steam chamber,
the steam being conducted to the coil by a pipe R. and carried out for
use by a pipe S. In order that the dryness of the steam may be teni-
pered I have introduced a very small pipe, which will admit a very
small stream of water from the outer water jacket into the pipe R.
This pipe may be closed or opened at various degrees by a cock (4,
of common construction, or by any suitable means. A boiler of this
description may be modified to a considerable extent; there need be no
particular limit to the number of water jackets, which are arranged
one within the other, nor to the number of water coils. The water coils
may be placed only inside the inner jacket, or in the spaces between
every two adjoining jackets, and may communicate with any of the
jackets.
I claim, 1, a boiler composed of an external water jacket, with a
steam chamber at the top, and with or without one or more inner water
jackets connected and in communication with the outer water jacket,
substantially as described, when either water jacket is surrounded
internally with one or more vertical coils of pipe, whose lower ends
connect with one of the water jackets, and whose upper ends discharge
into the steam chamber, substantially as set forth.
2, drying the steam by passing it through a coil of pipe within or
between the water jackets, substantially as set forth.
In witness whereof, I, the said Auguste Edouard Loradoux Bell-
ford, have hereunto set my hand and seal, this Twenty-
seventh day of December, in the year of our Lord One thousand
eight hundred and fifty-three.
T T DELT WORD
..