Improvements in or relating to Apparatus for use in the Manufacture of Articles from Asphalte or other Plastic Material.
Year: 1898

page_text: Date of Application, 12th Apr., 1898
Complete Specification Left, 23rd Nov., 1898-Accepted, 11th Mar., 1899
Improvements in or relating to Apparatus for use in the Manufacture
of Articles from Asphalte or other Plastic Material.
I, ANTON PIEPER, of Dülken; Rheinland, Prussia, in the Empire of Germany,
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
This invention relates to apparatus in which material previously heated in a
closed retort to a fluid or plastic state is pressed into moulds containing a core or
filling which it penetrates and surrounds, thereby forming a solid mass.
These improvements relate to
1. An improved stirring and mixing device in the retort.
2. The arrangement and cleaning-of the worm in the lower portion of the retort,
which worm conveys the material mixed, during the heating by the stirring
device, to the lower discharge opening. In the older apparatus ordinary stirring
arm's worked inside the vertical retort. In the present construction the upper wings
or blades work independently of the lower ones. The former are intended for the
mixing of the material introduced into the apparatus while the latter effect a
thorough kneading of the mass already mixed and melted.
Mixing wings or blades are attached to the central tubular shaft and rotated
by means of a gearing consisting of spur wheels bevel wheels, shaft and pulley.
The whole of the wings or blades which revolve within the cylindrical part of the
retort have their outer ends fitted with scrapers which are in contact with or
nearly in contact with the walls of the retort, and remove from the latter any
material setting thereon. These scrapers also assist the blades in mixing the
material while it is still in a flour like condition. The further the material sinks.
down towards the lower part of the retort which is heated to a temperature of
about 200° Centigrade by a furnace the more heated it becomes until it finally
melts. The lower part, of the retort is on this account fitted with another con-
struction of wings or blades the so-called "kneading" blades. Both the lower
pair of blades attached to the central tubular shaft and the lower blades fixed to
an inner shaft are provided with short vertical rods or plates which are so arranged
that when the blades are rotated one set of rods passes between the others without
coming in contact with them.
The inner shaft is rotated forwards and backwards by means of a gearing
consisting of spur wheels bevel wheels and pulleys. The conically shaped lower
part of the retort is provided with a screw or helically shaped wings attached to
the inner shaft and coming in close contact with the conical walls of the lower
part of the retort which they keep clean. The narrow cylindrical part at the
bottom of the retort contains a worm secured to the inner shaft.
When the flour like material together with a binding or cementing substance
such as tar or the like is introduced into the filling hopper of the retort, it is first
mixed by the upper blades and descends gradually while the already treated
material leaves the lower part of the retort and being subjected to the heat of the
gases in contact with the latter, enters into a state of fusion. It is then kneaded
by the lower blades and fed down by the helically shaped wings to the worm which
delivers the material through the outlet into a collecting box from which it is

page_text: removed to undergo further treatment. The bottom of the collecting box is pre-
ferably closed by a slide which can be pulled sufficiently far out, to fully open_said
bottom and allow the treated mass to drop on to a table.
The treated material is divided into parts having a determined weight and
introduced into the moulds wherein it is subjected to a pressure of say 300 kg. per
square centimetre (4260 lbs. per square inch) by means of a hydraulic or other
press. The articles are then removed from the moulds and cooled say in water
after which they are ready for use.
The worm which is exposed to frequent stoppages on account of the viscous
material sticking fast between the helical surfaces and the walls of its cylindrical
casing, is so designed that it can be easily moved down out of the casing without
having to be removed from its shaft. To effect this, the inner shaft to which the
worm is attached has its upper end extended and provided with a screw thread.
The hub of the spur wheel which rotates it is fitted internally with a female
thread of similar pitch and form and a key which prevents it from revolving on
the shaft. Consequently when the spur wheel revolves the shaft also revolves.
If now the worm has to be withdrawn for the purpose of cleaning it, the bottom
plate is removed and the key removed from spur wheel. The latter, which as
already stated, is provided with a screw thread now acts as a nut and moves up-
wards owing to, the reversal of motion until it comes in contact with a cross beam
or stop when it drives the inner shaft by means of the screw thread provided on
the end thereof, thus causing the worm to move downwards far enough past the
bottom of its casing to allow of its being easily cleaned.
When the cleaning is finished, the shaft and worm are returned in a similar
manner to their former position by means of the spur wheel and screw.
For the purpose of leading away and at the same time utilising the gases which
are formed whilst the material is being heated in the retort a water cistern is
provided. A pipe or pipes which leads away the gases from the retort opens under
the water level of the cistern so that a seal is formed which prevents a return of
the ignited gases into the retort. That part of the gases which condenses in the
form of an oily liquid is led through a waste pipe onto a red hot plate in the furnace
and, being thereby ignited is utilised to heat the retort.
gases
The gases which do not condense are likewise led into the furnace by this pipe
and consumed there. The air required for the combustion of these
is
admitted through the annular space left between the pipe and a pipe which
surrounds it. For the purpose of cleaning the pipes covers are provided which
can be removed when necessary.
T1
1011
1000
BOULT & WADE,
Agents for the Applicant.
Improvements in or relating to Apparatus for use in the Manufacture
of Articles from Asphalte or other Plastic Material.
I, ANTON PIEPER, of Dulken, Rheinland, Prussia, in the Empire of Germany,
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement:-
-
This invention relates to apparatus in which material previously heated in a
closed retort to a fluid or plastic state is pressed into moulds containing a core or
filling which it penetrates and surrounds thereby forming a solid mass.
These improvements relate to

page_text: 1. An improved stirring and mixing device in the retort.
2. The arrangement and cleaning of the worm in the lower portion of the retort,
which worm conveys the material mixed, during the heating, by the stirring
device, to the lower discharge opening. In older apparatus ordinary stirring
arms worked inside the vertical retort. In the present construction the upper wings
The former are intended for the
or blades work independently of the lower ones.
mixing of the material introduced into the apparatus, while the latter effect a
thorough kneading of the mass already mixed and melted.
In the accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 represents a cross section of the apparatus taken above the lower blades b¹.
Fig. 2 is a plan of the driving mechanism.
Fig. 3 a vertical section of the apparatus.
Fig. 4 a vertical section at right angles to Fig. 3.
Mixing wings or blades a a¹ are attached to the central tubular shaft c and
rotated by means of a gearing consisting of spur wheels d and e bevel wheels e
and e, shaft e and pulley, (Fig. 3). The whole of the wings or blades which
revolve within the cylindrical part of the retort C have their outer ends fitted with
scrapers which are in contact with or nearly in contact with the walls of the
retort and remove from the latter any material setting thereon. These scrapers
also assist the blades in mixing the material while it is still in a flour-like con-
dition. The further the material sinks down towards the lower part of the
retort C., which is heated to a temperature of about 200° Centigrade by a furnace I,
the more heated it becomes until it finally melts. The lower part of the retort is
on this account fitted with another construction of wings or blades so called
"kneading" blades.
C
Both the lower pair of blades a¹ attached to the tubular shaft and the lower
blades, fixed to an inner shaft c' are provided with short vertical rods or plates g g¹,
which are so arranged that when the blades are rotated, one set of rods g passes.
between the others g¹ without coming in contact with them.
The inner shaft is rotated forwards and backwards by means of a gearing con-
sisting of spur wheels h and bevel wheels and and pulleys and
(Fig. 3). The conically shaped lower part C¹ (Figs. 3 and 4) of the retort C, is
provided with a screw or helically shaped wings attached to the inner shaft cl
and coming in close contact with the conical walls of the lower part C¹ of the
retort which they keep clean. The narrow cylindrical part D at the bottom of
the retort C contains a worm k secured to the inner shaft c¹.
When the flour-like material together with a binding or cementing substance
such as tar or the like is introduced into the filling hopper E E of the retort, it
is first mixed by the upper blades a and descends gradually while the already
treated material leaves the lower part of the retort, and being subjected to the
heat of the gases in contact with the latter, enters into a state of fusion.
It is then kneaded by the lower blades a and b and fed down by the helically
shaped wings to the worm k which delivers, the material through the outlet F
into a collecting box G, from which it is removed to undergo further treatment.
The bottom of the collecting box is preferably closed by a slide which can be
pulled sufficiently far out, to fully open said bottom and allow the treated mass
to drop on to a table H or conveyor.
The treated material is divided into parts having a determined weight and
introduced into the moulds wherein it is subjected to a pressure of say 300 kg.
per square centimetre, (4260 lbs. per sq. in.) by means of a hydraulic or other
press. The articles are then removed from, the moulds and cooled, say in water,
after which they are ready for use.
The worm (Figs. 3 and 4) which is exposed to frequent stoppages on account
of the viscous material sticking fast between the helical surfaces and the walls of
its cylindrical casing, is so designed that it can be easily moved down out of the
casing without having to be removed from its shaft. To effect this, the inner
shaft c' to which the worm k is attached, has its upper end c² extended and pro-
vided with a screw-thread.

page_text: The hub of the spur wheel h.(Figs. 3 and 4) is fitted internally with a female
thread of similar pitch and form, and a key which prevents it from revolving on
the shaft. Consequently when the spur wheel h revolves, the shaft c¹ also
revolves."
זי
"If now the worm k has to be withdrawn for the purpose of cleaning it, the
bottom plate T is removed and the key removed from spur wheel h. The latter,
which as already stated, is provided with a screw-thread, now acts as a nut, and
moves upwards owing to the reversal of motion until it comes in contact with a
cross" bar or stop K when it drives the inner shaft by means of the screw-
thread provided on the end thereof, thus causing the worm.k to move down-
wards far enough past the bottom of its casing to allow of its being easily cleaned.
When the cleaning is finished the shaft and worm are returned in a similar
manner to their former positions of the spur wheel and screw
.
• {༢ ་
For the purpose of leading away and at the same time utilising the gases which,
are formed whilst the material is being heated in the retort C, a water-cistern N
is provided. A pipe or pipes in m³ which lead away the gases from the retort opens'
under the water level of the cistern so that a. seal is formed which, prevents a
return of the ignited gases into the retort. That part of the gases which condenses
in the form of an oily liquid is led through a waste pipe-o onto a red hot plate p
in the furnace I and being thereby ignited, is utilised in heating the retort..
The gases which do not condense are likewise led into the furnace by. this pipe o
and consumed there: "The air required for the combustion of these gases is admit-
ted through an annular space left between the pipe o and a pipe o which sur-
rounds it. For the purpose of cleaning the pipes m m¹ and o (Fig. 3) covers m² m³
and are provided which can be removed when necessary..
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is:-
."
f - - .
I ..
1. Apparatus for use in the manufacture of articles from compressible material
rendered plastic by the action of heat comprising a closed. retort exposed to the
action of a fire and fitted internally with a tubular shaft to which mixing wings
rotated by suitable gearing attached; a central shaft carrying kneading arms
rotated by suitable gearing and helically shaped blades and a worm both fitted to
said central shaft, the whole being so arranged that the mass; to be treated is mixed
in the upper part of the retort, kneaded and melted in lower, part and delivered
by a worm through an outlet at bottom of the retort substantially as described.
2: In apparatus of the kind described the arrangement of a worm conveyor
on the central shaft capable of being moved downwards, for the purpose of lowering
the worm far enough to allow of its being cleaned without removing it from the
shaft.
I..
. I
"1
L
3. In apparatus of the kind described the arrangement of pipes for. leading away
the gases generated in the retort, said arrangement consisting of pipes as mm² o o¹
a water tank as N, and plate as pin the furnace whereby the water in the tank forms
a seal for preventing the ignition of the gases inside the retort and both the con-
densable and non-condensable gases are led into the furnace substantially as
described.
4. The combination and arrangement of parts constituting the complete mixing
and retort apparatus substantially as described or illustrated in the accompany-
ing drawings.
D1 1.
09 1 1
1000
BOULT & WADE,
Agents for the Applicant.