Improved Valve Mechanism for Cylinder and Piston Motor Engines.
Year: 1890

page_text: Date of Application, 6 h Nov., 1890
Complete Specification Left, 24th July, 189'-Accepted. 19th Sept
1001
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improved Valve Mechanism for Cylinder and Piston Motor
Engines.
1, WENZEL MIERSCH, of Frankfort on Maine, Germany, Head Engineer, do
hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
This invention relates to a construction of valve mechanism for motor engines
with reciprocating pistons, applicable mainly to hydraulic motors, but also to steam
engines, and which is distinguished from all known constructions of valve mechanism
by its simplicity, small loss by friction, and great saving in expenditure of water or
steam and easy regulation of cut-off.
I will proceed to describe the said valve gear with reference to the accompanying
drawings in which
Fig. 1 shews a sectional plan of a hydraulic motor, Fig. 2 a side view, and Fig. 3
a cross section;
Fig. 4 is a longitudinal section through the valve mechanism, and Fig. 5 a
horizontal section through the same to an enlarged scale.
On each side of the cylinder is provided a valve box A which communicate by
passages e with the cylinder. The water under pressure enters at a into the valve
box, which communicates at a' with the chamber
Fig. 4.
In the valve box is a lining A' which communicates by passages e' with the
cylinder passage e and through the opening B' with the chamber B. The lining A'
contains the piston valve K which seats upon the seating k Figs. 4 and 5, and which
separates the said passages a and a from each other. The spring F urges the valve
in the position shewn at Fig. 5, i.e. away from its seat. The lining A' is closed
by the cover A' and this cover has a central passage c having at its outer end a
valve seat c', and which admits the pressure water into the interior of the
lining A'.
Opposite the valve seat is a spindle S with coned end forming a valve, ground
on to the seat c', which spindle passes through the stuffing box A³ in which a
water tight joint is made by the cup leather packing s Fig. 5. In a cylindrical
enlargement of the stuffing box the spindle S carries a piston S₁ with cup leather
backings, against which presses one end of the spring F¹ the other end of which
bears against the gland A₁ of the stuffing box. The cup leather s" forms a water
ight joint towards the outside.
The space containing the spring F communicates by a small passage b with
he pressure-water, and consequently the spindle S is pressed against the seat c¹
oth by the spring F and by the differential pressure of the water on the
iston S¹.
In this closed position of the spindle S, a small space exists between the piston S¹
nd the end surfacer of the stuffing box which space communicates by the
assage Fig. 4 with the outer atmosphere, so that any leakage of water through
his passage will at once indicate any leakage at either of the cup leathers 3,
ds, while at the same time the passage allows of the escape of such leakage
ater.
The valve mechanism operates as follows.
Assuming the engine to be a hydraulic motor, then at the forward stroke of the
orking piston, the piston valve K will be in the position at Fig. 5, so that the
ater in the chamber B will pass through channels and e into the space behind
e piston. At about half stroke, the valve spindle S will be slightly raised from
e seat c¹ by the eccentric E, in consequence of which the pressure-water will pass
rough the passage e and will force the piston valve K against its seat K³, as at

page_text: Fig. 4, and will at the same time pass through passages e el into the cylinder,
doing work.
When the valve c¹ is again closed, the spring F will again force the valve K
open, thereby putting the cylinder again in communication with the water
chamber B, so that water will either pass from the latter into the cylinder, or from
the cylinder into the chamber, according as the working piston may be moving
forward still, or backward.
If steam is used as the motive power, the valve spindle S is best opened just
before the end of the piston's stroke, and closed after a certain portion of the
stroke has been performed, the steam being made to expand in the cylinder until
its pressure upon the piston valve is less than the counterpressure of the
spring F, which should in that case be arranged so as to have its tension
adjustable.
The spindle S carries outside the stuffing box, a head with a longitudinal slot n
in which slides longitudinally the head N of the rod M. The rod M screws into a
sleeve P with right and left handed female screw thread, into the other end of
which is screwed the guided rod Q which is pivotted to the eccentric rod E.
On the rotation of the engine shaft W, the eccentric, together with the sleeve P
and rod M receives a to and fro motion, and towards the end of its forward stroke
it draws the spindle S outwards by means of the slotted connection N n, thereby
admitting the fluid pressure into the cylinder; on the back stroke of the eccentric
the valve S will close automatically on account of the pressure to which it is
subject. From the above construction it will be seen that the degree of cut-off or
expansion can be varied, by varying the length of the connection of M Q, this
being effected by the rotation of the sleeve P. For this purpose the sleeve may
conveniently he provided with an arm p which is connected by a rod p to the
governor, as at Fig. 3, so that the cut off will be controlled by the latter according
to the speed of the engine.
As, with hydraulic motors, the admission of the pressure water only commences
at the middle of the stroke, the above described valve mechanism is particularly
applicable for such motors, as the entire cylinder is always filled with water, and a
shortening of the rods MQ will effect a sooner admission of the pressure water,
whereby an increased duty of the motor engine will be obtained.
Dated this 6th day of November 1890.
ABEL & IMRAY,
Agents for the Applicant.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improved Valve Mechanism for Cylinder and Piston Motor
Engines.
I, WENZEL MIERSCH of Frankfort on Maine, Germany, Head Engineer,
do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is
to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-
This invention relates to a construction of valve mechanism for motor engines
with reciprocating pistons, applicable mainly to hydraulic motors, but also to steam
engines, and which is distinguished from all known constructions of valve mechanism
by its simplicity, small loss by friction, and great saving in expenditure of water or
steam and easy regulation of cut off.
I will proceed to describe the said valve gear with reference to the accompany-
ing drawings in which Fig. 1 shews a sectional plan of a hydraulic motor, Fig. 2 a
side view, and Fig. 3 a cross section, Fig. 4 is a longitudinal section through the
valve mechanism, and Fig. 5 a horizontal section through the same to an enlarged
scale. It may be here stated that the arrangement in Fig. 4 only differs from
that at Fig. 5 in that the spring F is arranged adjustably outside the lining A'.

page_text: 5
on each side of the cylinder is provided a valve box A which communicate b
passages e with the cylinder.
The water under pressure enters at a into the valve box which communicates at a
with the chamber B Fig. 4.
k
In the valve box is a lining A' which communicates by passages with the
cylinder passage e and through the opening B' with the chamber B. The lining A
contains the piston valve K which seats upon the scating & Figs. 4 and 5, and which
separates the said passages a and a' from each other. The spring Furges the valve
in the position shewn at Fig. 5, i.e. away from its seat. The lining A is closed by
0 the cover A' and this cover has a central passage chaving at its outer end
a valve seat c¹, and which admits the pressure-water into the interior of the
lining A'.
Opposite the valve seat is a spindle S with coned end forming a valve ground
on to the seat c', which spindle passes through the stuffing box A³ in which a water-
5 tight joint is made by the cup leather packing s! Fig. 5. In a cylindrical enlarge-
ment of the stuffing box, the spindle S carries a piston S' with cup leather
packing s", against which presses one end of the spring F the other end of which
bears against the gland A' of the stuffing box. The cup leather forms a water-
tight joint towards the outside.
The space containing the spring F' communicates by a small
with the pressure-water, and consequently the spindle S is pressed against the
passage b
seat both by the spring F' and by the differential pressure of the water on the
piston S'.
In this closed partition of the spindle S, a small space exists between the piston SI
and the end surface of the stuffing box which space communicates by the passage
Fig. 4 with the outer atmosphere, so that any leakage of water through this
passage will at once indicate any leakage at either of the cup leathers s'
and s, while at the same time the passage allows of the escape of such leakage
water.
The valve mechanism operates as follows:-
Assuming the engine to be a hydraulic motor, then at the forward stroke of
the working piston, the piston valve K will be in the position at Fig. 5, so that the
water in the chamber B will pass through channels e¹ and e into the space behind
the piston. At about half stroke, the valve spindle S will be slightly raised from
the seat c' by the eccentric E in consequence of which the pressure water will
through the passage c and will force the piston valve against its seat k¹, as
pass
at Fig. 4, and will at the same time pass through passages e e' into the cylinder,
doing work.
When the valve c is again closed, the spring F will again force the valve K
open, thereby putting the cylinder again in communication with the water chamber B,
o that water will either pass from the latter into the cylinder, or from the cylinder
nto the chamber, according as the working piston may be moving forward still, or
ackward.
If steam is used as the motive power, the valve spindle S is best opened just
efore the end of the piston's stroke, and closed after a certain portion of the
roke has been performed, the steam being made to expand in the cylinder
ntil its pressure upon the piston valve is less than the counter pressure of the
oring F, which should in that case be arranged so as to have its tension
djustable.
The spindle S carries outside the stuffing box a head with a longitudinal slot n
which slides longitudinally the head N of the rod M. The rod N screws into
sleeve P with right and left handed female screw thread, into the other end of
hich is screwed the guided rod Q which is pivotted to the excentric rod E.
On the rotation of the engine shaft W, the excentric together with the sleeve P
d rod M receives a to and fro motion, and towards the end of its forward stroke
draws the spindle S outwards by means of the slotted connection Nn, thereby
mitting the fluid pressure into the cylinder; on the back stroke of the excentric

page_text: the valve S will close automatically on account of the pressure to which it is subject.
From the above construction it will be seen that the degree of cut off or expansion
can be varied, by varying the length of the connection of M Q, this being effected
by the rotation of the sleeve P. For this purpose the sleeve may conveniently be
provided with an arm p which is connected by a rod pl to the governor, as at
Figure 3, so that the cut off will be controlled by the latter according to the speed
of the engine.
As, with hydraulic motors, the admission of the pressure-water only commences
at the middle of the stroke, the above described valve mechanism is particularly
applicable for such motors, as the entire cylinder is always filled with water, and a
shortening of the rods M Q will effect a sooner admission of the pressure water,
whereby an increased duty of the motor engine will be obtained.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is
1. Valve gear for cylinder-and-piston motor engines consisting of the cylindrical
turned lining A with radial passages e' communicating with the cylinder passage e
the passage B' communicating with the exhaust, the valve seat k, the central
cover A² and valve seat e', the piston valve K, working in the chamber centrally
within the passages e' and seating on the seat k from which it is pressed by the
spring F so long as no pressure exceeding the strength of such spring is exerted on
its back face, substantially as described with reference to the drawings.
2. The supply valve S guided in the axis of the valve seat c', and combined with
the piston S sliding in the cylindrical recess of the stuffing box A, beyond the
passage 2 leading to the outside, which piston is acted upon firstly by fluid pressure
supplied to its outer surface by passage and secondly by springs F', so as to cause
valve S to be pressed upon its seat el substantially as described.
i
3. Actuating the valve device S S' the rod of which is provided with a longi-
tudinal slot, by means of a pin N sliding in the said slot and moved to and fro by
the rods MQ and excentric rod E', the said rods M Q being adjustable in length
by means of the right and left handed screwed sleeve P, by the turning of which in
one direction or the other and consequent lengthening or shortening of the rods P, Q,
an earlier or later admission of pressure fluid is effected, substantially as described
with reference to Figures 1, 2 and 3.
Dated in 174h of T.L.. 1001
ABEL & IMRAY,
Agents for the Applicant.