CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN PENCIL, FENS, AND CHALK CASES OR HOLDERS
Year: 1834

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JAMES
DUFFIELD HARDING, of Gordon Square, in the County of Middlesex, Artist,
send greeting.
WHEREAS His present most Excellent Majesty King William the Fourth,
by His Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date
at Westminster, the Twenty-sixth day of February, in the fourth year of
His reign, did, for Himself, His heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said James Duffield Harding, His especial licence, full power, sole
privilege and authority, that I, the said James Duffield Harding, my exors,
adiiors, and assigns, or such others as I, the said James Duffield Harding,
my exors, adñiors, or assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others,
from time to time and at all times during the term of years therein
expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within
England, Wales, and the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, my Invention of
"CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN PENCIL, FENS, AND CHALK CASES OR HOLDERS;" in
which said Letters Patent is contained a proviso that I, the said James
Duffield Harding, shall cause a particular description of the nature of my said
Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be inrolled in
His said Majesty's High Court of Chancery within six calendar months next
and immediately after the date of the said in part recited Letters Patent, as
in and by the same, reference being thereunto had, will more fully and at
large appear.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, 1, the said
James Duffield Harding, do hereby declare that the nature of my said
Invention, and the manner in which the same is to be performed, are
particularly described and ascertained in and by the Drawing hereunto
annexed and the following description thereof (that is to say):-
In the said Drawing Fig. 1 represents one end of a metal pencil, pen, or
chalk case or holder, being composed of a thin cylindrical tube A, to which is
affixed, by soldering or otherwise, at B a gently tapering metal cone C, which
is, however, made cylindrical withinside of it: This cone is likewise slit or
cleft in three or more equi-distant places longitudinally to allow of it closing
and again springing open. A metal sliding ring or ferrule D is fitted to the
cone C so as to be capable of being slipped along thereon, and it can be
retained in any part of it by means of alternate gaps or notches made in the
sides of one of the said longitudinal slits, and into any one of which said gaps
or notches a short metal pin or stud aflixed in the said metal sliding ring D
can be made to enter and thus to retain the ring in any requisite situation
upon the cone C. This cone is made to encrease in size externally or towards
the end of the metal tube A, but it may also be made to encrease in size
internally or towards the middle part of the tube A, as is shewn in Fig. 2.
Fig. 3 exhibits another method of constructing a metal pencil, pen, or chalk
case or holder. A, part of a metal cylindrical tube soldered or affixed at 13 to
a tapering or conical screw E, which is cleft longitudinally in three or more
equi-distant places around it. Upon the screw E a tapering hollow screwed
ring or ferrule F is fitted, and closes the said screw E more or less as required,
it springing open again of its own accord. This screw is made to increase in
size externally, or it may be caused to increase internally and as shown in
Fig. 4. The usual length of these metal tubes A, A, is shewn in the above
Figures, the dotted lines connecting and completing them. A cylindrical
cedar black lead pencil may be very conveniently held in either of these tubes
at any required length by closing the cleft conical ends upon it in either of the
modes above indicated, and when its point is accurately formed or sharpened
it may be preserved in perfect order by reversing it or withdrawing it within
the tube and securing it there. Pens may also be thus put in or upon the
usual penholders when aflixed to any cylindrical stems of a proper size, and
be preserved in perfect order for use at any time, as required, and for holding
chalks, whether red, black, white, or of other colours, or lithographic chalks.
The cones should be opened before the chalks are inserted, and then they may
be closed upon them to hold them securely by the sliding or screwed rings or
ferrules; and where only short cylindrical pieces, as chalks for instance, are to

page_text: be held, a shorter metal tube A will answer, having a hard wood, ivory, or
other proper handle affixed into it to lengthen it.
Another mode of securing pencils or pens in these metal cases or holders is
shewn in Fig. 5, being, by means of a metal screw G, which is screwed or fitted
into a hollow screw made on the metal cylindrical tube A, and can be made to
enter into the cedar pencil or wooden penholder by screwing it into them, and
thus to retain them at any required length in use. I do not, however,
recommend this as an eligible mode of doing it. I do not mean or intend
hereby to claim as my Invention any of the various parts herein shewn and
described, but only their combinations and application to the purposes of
forming pencil, pen, and chalk cases or holders thereof.
In witness whereof, I, the said James Duffield Harding, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Ninth day of August, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and thirty-four.