Improvements in Drain Traps.
Year: 1893

page_text: Date of Application, 16th Nov., 1893
Complete Specification Left, 28th May, 1894-Accepted, 14th July, 1894
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Drain Traps.
I, EDWARD ALBERT GREEN, 16, Rock Street, Sheffield, Building Surveyor
to Urban Authority, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
My invention relates chiefly, to improvements in the design, arrangement, and
construction, of disconnecting and ventilating traps, to be used in connection with
drains, for intercepting sewer gas, and providing ventilation to the drains.
The object of the invention is to prevent the stoppage of such traps, which is a
common occurrence in the existing forms of trap, and the design of my traps, is
based upon several considerations connected with the passage of drainage through
this class of traps.
The improved traps are made of vitrified and glazed earthen or stoneware, or
other suitable material, and of any required size.
way of
Each trap is formed in one piece, and has an irregular passage through it in a
longitudinal direction, forming a communication between the incoming drain at the.
rear of the trap, and the outgoing drain at the front of the trap. This passage
takes a course downward, forward, and upward, and is what I term the "
the trap. The trap is formed with the usual principal and combined parts, merging
into or succeeding each other from the rear to the front of the trap. These parts I
term the "intake," the "well," the "tongue," and the "outgo."
First. The "intake" receiving the incoming drainage, forms the upper portion
of the back part of the trap, and consists of a vertical hollow shaft, extending
from the top of the trap to the water seal line at the top of the well of the trap,
and has an horizontal circular opening surmounted by a socket, at its top, as an
air inlet, and a vertical circular opening surrounded by a socket, at its rear, as an
iulet for drainage.
The sockets surrounding the openings at the top and rear of the intake, are
closely arranged, and kept nearer the body of the intake than is the case with the
existing forms of trap, thus the improved trap takes up less room than the old
forms of trap.
In the old forms of trap the horizontal section of the intake is circular throughout.
In my new form of trap an improvement is made in the intake, by varying the
horizontal section from a circle at the opening at the top, to an oval with one side
flattened, at a point level with the bottom of the invert of the incoming drain,
which point is kept two inches above the water seal line of the trap, to prevent
backwash into the incoming drain. The major axis of the flattened oval section is
placed transversely across the trap, at right angles to the way of the trap, and the
Hattened side of the oval section is placed at the front of the intake, while the
sectional area of the intake is equal throughout.
The reason for this peculiar formation of the intake, is that liquids issuing from
a circular pipe fixed in an almost horizontal position, assume immediately below
the end of the pipe more or less of a flattened or oval shape in horizontal section,
and the object gained is that liquids flowing through the flattened oval part of the
intake into the well of the trap, are able to exercise their full, natural, and
unrestrained force, in passing through and carrying suspended and solid matters
with them out of the trap, instead of the force of the liquids being spent and
diminished by contact with the inner surface of the intake, as it is in the old
forms of trap.
Second. The "well" receiving and holding the liquid necessary for forming the
seal of the trap, consists of the bottom and central hollow portion of the trap,

page_text: extending from the intake at the rear to the outgo at the front of the trap. The
lowest part of the interior of the outgo fixes the water seal line in the well, which
is divided into two portions by the tongue dipping into the well, one portion being
on the intake or rear side of the tongue, and the other portion on the outgo or
front side of the tongue. The rear portion of the well is under and in continuation
of the greater part of the intake shaft. From the bottom of the intake, the lowest
part of the invert of the well curves gradually downward, and forward, passing
under the tongue towards the front of the trap, to the lowest point in the well
which is placed considerably in front horizontally of the position occupied in the
trap by the tongue.
From the lowest point in the well, the lowest part of the invert of the front
portion of the well slants gradually upward to the outgo, at an angle of about
thirty degrees with the horizon.
This latter part of the well I term the "lift" of the trap. The fall obtained in
the trap from the centre of the incoming drain to the centre of the outgo is about
one in nine. The transverse section of the well varies throughout. From the
flattened oval section at the lower part of the intake, the section of the well
approaches a semicircle in a plane slanting downward, and backward, in the rear
portion of the well from the lowest part of the tongue, at an angle of about
forty five degrees with the horizon.
This section is formed by a straight line representing the lowest part of the
tongue, and two arcs of a circle representing the invert of the well in the plane
previously defined.
The greatest transverse width of the well is at the bottom of the tongue, the
transverse width of the trap being gradually increased from the top of the intake
to this point, where the width of the well is made equal to about one and a half
times the length of the diameter of the drain for which the trap is suited. From
the almost semicircular section in the rear part of the well, the bottom and front
portions of the well in conjunction with the outgo, gradually vary in transverse
section and diminish in width to the front of the trap, where the interior of the
outgo is of circular section equal in area to the incoming drain. In the old forms
of trap the passage or way through them is of a circular transverse section
throughout, or varying circular and oval transverse sections. These old forms of
well restrict the action and force of the incoming liquid, and obstruct the passage
of solids through the trap, their water depth is greater than necessary, the lowest
part of the well is directly under the tongue, and the ascending portion of the
well from the bottom of the well to the outgo is too abrupt, causing a greater lift
in the trap than is necessary, and which has to be overcome in the passage of solids
into the outgoing drain. In my new form of trap an improvement is made in the
well. The reason for this improvement is that liquids flowing from a circular drain
through the improved intake, will fall naturally into the widened portion of the well
with unrestricted force, carrying any solids and especially paper present in the
drainage under and beyond the tongue.
The lowest part of the well being in advance of the tongue, induces a forward
action of the liquid falling into the well carrying solid matters with it to the front
portion of the well, where they ascend and are carried or forced to the surface of
the liquid, and forward through the outgo of the trap. The very gradual and easy
ascent of the invert of the front portion of the well, offers little resistance to solid
matters present in the drainage in their passage to the outgo of the trap. The
purpose of these new and combined features in the well, is to make the passage of
drainage easy, and to prevent obstruction in the trap, and such features are not
present in the old forms of trap.
Third. The "tongue" dips downward into the liquid held in the well, to the
depth necessary to obtain the required seal of the trap.
The tongue is under and in continuation downward of the front part of the intake
shaft, which in conjunction with the tongue slants from top to bottom slightly
toward the rear of the trap.

page_text: In the old forms of trap the lowest part of the tongue is of an arched form,
which makes it difficult for solids and especially paper present in the drainage to
pass under it, except in the limited space just under its centre, and this is often the
cause of stoppage in the traps.
In my new form of trap the lowest part of the tongue is made straight, in a
horizontal line transversely across the trap at the widest part of the well. The
length of the tongue from one side of the well to the other, is made equal to about
one and a half times the length of the diameter of the drain for which the trap is
suited.
The reason for this improved form of tongue, is that it provides a much extended
space laterally under the tongue, and just at the right place in the well of the trap
for the passage of solids and paper, and allows of the full force of the liquid, partly
gathered from the fall in the drain, and increased by the impetus gained by its fall
into the well, being exerted in driving the solids and paper under the tongue and
forward out of the trap. The position of the tongue also contributes to keeping
the trap clear. It placed behind the lowest part of the well, and over the
downward and forward curving portion at the rear of the well, just where the
drainage exerts its greatest force in driving the solid matters into the front portion
of the well.
66
The purpose of these new and combined features in the construction, and
arrangement of the tongue, is to make the passage of drainage easy, and to prevent
obstruction in the trap, and such features are not present in the old forms of trap.
Fourth. The outgo" forms the upper slanting and curved portion of the front
part of the trap, including the "nose or circular spigot end at the front of the
trap, for insertion into the socket of a suitable drain pipe. The outgo proceeds
from the straight bottom portion of the tongue, forming a roof over the front
portion of the well, and in conjunction with the well forms the pipe like exit of the
trap which is of varying section from the approximate semicircle near the tongue,
to the circle at the nose of the trap. The topmost part of the outgo is slanted
upward from the tongue toward the front of the trap, parallel to the lowest part of
the well. This formation of the upper part of the outgo, keeps the solids and paper
in the current of the liquid passing through the trap, which carries them forward
as far as possible in the front part of the well, and then out of the trap into the
outgoing drain.
In the old forms of trap the well and outgo near the tongue take an abrupt
slanting, upward direction, and the force of the current in the drainage is spent
against the surface of the front part of the well, the solids having to rise to the top
of the liquid and then float out of the trap without much force of drainage behind
them. In my new form of trap the more lateral formation of the well and outgo,
causes a greater proportion of the force of the drainage to be exerted laterally
therein, in driving the solid matters out of the trap.
The purpose of these new and combined features in the well and outgo, is to
make the passage of drainage easy, and prevent obstruction in the trap, and such
features are not present in the old forms of trap.
The bottom of the trap is made with a flat foot or base, which being under the
widened part of the well, is of greater transverse width, and gives greater stability
to the trap when fixed, than is obtained with the old forms of trap.
One or two additional square or slanting inlets may be made in the sides of the
intake of the trap, for other incoming drains if required, and an opening may also
be provided on the top of the outlet if desired, for the inspection and cleansing of
the outgoing drain.
I do not confine myself to the form of drain trap herein described, as I can
utilize variously, and singly or combined, in connection with other forms of drain
trap, all the novel features named herein.
Dated this Fifteenth day of November 1893.
EDWARD ALBERT GREEN.

page_text: Improvements in Drain Traps.
I, EDWARD ALBERT GREEN, 16 Rock Street, Sheffield, Building Surveyor to
Urban Authority, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement :-
My invention relates chiefly, to improvements in the design, arrangement, and
construction, of disconnecting and ventilating traps, to be used in connection with
drains, for intercepting sewer gas, and providing ventilation to the drains.
The object of the invention is to prevent the stoppage of such traps, which is a
common occurrence in the existing forms of trap, and the design of my traps, is
based upon several considerations connected with the passage of drainage through
this class of trap.
The improved traps are made of vitrified and glazed earthen or stoneware, or
other suitable material, and of any required size.
In order that my invention may be fully understood, it is illustrated on the
accompanying sheets of drawings, the same being marked with figures and letters
of reference, corresponding with those in the following description, like reference
letters indicating like parts in all the figures.
Figure 1, is a longitudinal vertical section, through the centre of the 6 inch
disconnecting and ventilating trap.
Figures 2, 3, 4, and 5, are transverse sections of the passage or way through the
6 inch trap.
Figure 6, is a longitudinal vertical section, through the centre of the 4 inch
disconnecting and ventilating trap.
Figures 7, 8, 9, and 10, are transverse sections of the passage or way through the
4 inch trap.
Each trap is formed in one piece, as shown in Figs. 1, and 6, and has an irregular
passage through it in a longitudinal direction, forming a communication between
the incoming drain at the rear of the trap, and the outgoing drain at the front of
the trap. This passage takes a course downward, forward, and upward, and is
what I term the "way" of the trap. The trap is formed with the usual principal
and combined parts, merging into or succeeding each other from the rear to the
front of the trap. These parts I term the "intake," the "well," the "tongue," and
the "outgo."
First. The "intake " 1, receiving the incoming drainage, forms the upper portion
of the back part of the trap, and consists of a vertical hollow shaft, extending
from the top of the trap to the water seal line L, at the top of the well of the
trap, and has an horizontal circular opening (represented by the dotted circle a,)
surmounted by a socket, S, at its top, as an air inlet, and a vertical circular
opening (represented by the dotted circle b.) surrounded by a socket S', at its rear,
as an inlet for drainage. The sockets surrounding the openings at the top and rear
of the intake, are at their junction at c, closely arranged, and thereby kept nearer
the body of the intake than is the case with the existing forms of trap, thus
the improved trap takes up less room than the old forms of trap, and drain rods are
more easily passed through the two openings, for cleansing the drain at the rear of
the trap.
In the old forms of trap the horizontal section of the intake is circular throughout.
In my new form of trap an improvement is made in the intake, by varying the
horizontal section from a circle at the opening at the top, to an oval with one side
flattened, (as shown at Figs. 2, and 7,) at a point level with the bottom of the invert
of the incoming drain, and in the dotted line d, which point is kept two inches
above the water seal line L, of the trap, to prevent backwash into the incoming

page_text: drain. The major axis e, of the flattened oval section is placed transversely across
the trap, at right angles to the direction of the "way" of the trap, and the flattened sile
of the oval section is placed at the front of the intake, while the horizontal sectional
area of the intake is about equal throughout. The reason for this peculiar formation
of the intake, is that liquids issuing from a circular pipe fixed in an almost horizontal
position, assume immediately below the end of the pipe more or less of a flattened
or oval shape in horizontal section, (being more like a tape than a rope,) and the
object gained is that liquids flowing through the flattened oval part of the
intake into the well of the trap, are able to exercise their full, natural, and
unrestrained force, in passing through and carrying suspended and solid matters
with them out of the trap, instead of the force of the liquid being spent and
diminished by contact with the inner surface of the intake, as it is in the old forms
of trap.
Second. The "well" W. W¹, receiving and holding the liquid necessary for
forming the seal of the trap, consists of the bottom and central hollow portion of
the trap extending from the intake I, at the rear to the outgo O, at the front of the
trap. The lowest part of the interior of the outgo fixes the water seal line L, L',
in the well, which is divided into two portions by the tongue T, dipping into the
well, one portion being on the intake or rear side of the tongue, and the other
portion on the outgo or front side of the tongue. The rear portion W. of the
well is under and in continuation of the greater part of the intake shaft. From
the bottom of the intake, the lowest part of the invert of the well W, curves
gradually downward, and forward, passing under the tongue T. towards the front
of the trap, to the lowest point P. in the well, which point is placed considerably in
front horizontally of the position occupied in the trap by the tongue T. From the
lowest point P. in the well, the lowest part of the invert of the front portion W¹ of
the well slants gradually upward, and forward, to the outgo O, at an angle of about
thirty degrees with the horizon. This latter part of the well I term the "lift" of
the trap. The fall obtained in the trap from the centre of the incoming drain to
the centre of the outgo, or, from the bottom of the incoming drain to the bottom
of the outgo is about one in nine, as shown by the dotted line F, F¹. The
transverse section of the well varies throughout. From the flattened oval section
at the lower part of the intake, as shown at Figs. 2, and 7, the section of the well
approaches a semicircle as shown at Figs. 3, and 8, in a plane slanting downward,
and backward, in the rear portion of the well from the lowest part of the tongue T,
at an angle of about forty five degrees with the horizon, as represented by the
dotted line, in Figs. 1, and 6. This section is formed as shown at Figs. 3, and 8,
by a straight line t, representing the lowest part of the tongue, and two arcs of a
circle representing the invert of the well in the plane previously defined, and the
two sharp augles formed by the intersection of the straight and curved lines are
rounded off, so as to prevent the accumulation of foul matter therein. The greatest
transverse width of the well is at the bottom of the tongue T, the transverse
width of the trap being gradually increased from the top of the intake to this point,
where the width of the well is made equal to about one and a half times the
length of the diameter of the drain for which the trap is suited. From the almost
semicircular section at the dotted line f, in the rear part of the well, the bottom
and front portion W' of the well in conjunction with the outgo O, gradually vary
in transverse section and diminish in width to the front of the trap, where the
interior of the outgo is of circular section (represented by the dotted circle g,)
equal in area to the incoming drain.
In the old forms of trap the passage or way through them is of a circular
transverse section throughout, or varying circular and oval or ☐ transverse
sections.
These old forms of well restrict the natural action and force of the incoming
liquid, and obstruct the passage of solids through the trap, their water depth is
greater than necessary, the lowest part of the well is directly under the tongue,
and the ascending portion of the well from the bottom of the well to the outgo is

page_text: “too abrupt, causing a greater lift in the trap than is necessary, and which has to be
overcome in the passage of solids into the outgoing drain. In my new form of
trap an improvement is made in the well. The reason for this improvement is that
liquid flowing from a circular drain through the improved intake, will fall naturally
into the widened part of the well with unrestricted force, carrying any solids and
- especially paper present in the drainage under and beyond the tongue. The
lowest part of the well being in advance of the tongue, induces a forward action of
the liquid falling into the well carrying solid matters with it to the front portion
of the well, where they ascend and are carried or forced to the surface of the
liquid, and forward through the outgo of the trap. The very gradual and easy
- ascent of the invert of the front portion of the well, offers little resistance to solid
matters present in the drainage in their passage to the outgo of the trap. The
purpose of these new and combined features in the well, is to make the passage of
-drainage easy, and to prevent obstruction in the trap, and such features are not
present in the old forms of trap.
$6
Third. The tongue," T, dips downward into the liquid held in the well, to the
"depth necessary to obtain the required seal of the trap. The tongue is under and
in continuation downward of the front portion of the intake shaft, which in con-
junction with the tongue slants from top to bottom slightly toward the rear of
the trap.
In the old forms of trap the lowest part of the tongue is of an arched form,
which makes it difficult for solids and especially paper present in the drainage to
pass under it, except in the limited space just under its centre, and this is often the
cause of stoppage in the traps.
Otherwise, in the old forms of trap the way of which is transversely of D section,
the length of the straight form of tongue is equal only to the length of the diameter
of the incoming drain for which the trap is suited, and does not allow sufficient
liberty for the passage of drainage and especially paper under the tongue. In my
new form of trap the lowest part of the tongue is made straight, in a horizontal
line transversely across the trap at the widest part of the well. The length of the
tongue from one side of the well to the other, is made equal to about one and a half
times the length of the diameter of the drain for which the trap is suited as shown
by the line t. in Figs. 3, 4, 8, and 9. The reason for this improved form of tongue,
is that it provides a much extended space laterally under the whole length of the
tongue, and just at the right place in the well of the trap for the passage of solids
and
paper, and allows of the full force of the liquid partly gathered from the fall
in the drain, and increased by the impetus gained by its fall into the well, being
exerted in driving the solids and paper under the tongue and forward out of the
trap. The position of the tongue also contributes to keeping the trap clear.
is placed bebind the lowest part of the well, and over the downward and forward
curving portion at the rear of the well as shown at Figs. 1, and 6, just where the
liquid drainage exerts its greatest force in driving the solid matters into the front
portion of the well. The purpose of these new and combined features in the con-
struction, and arrangement of the tongue is to make the passage of drainage easy,
and to prevent obstruction in the trap, and such features are not present in the old
forms of trap.
"
It
Fourth. The "outgo," O, forms the upper slanting and curved portion of the
front part of the trap, including the "nose" or circular spigot end at the front
of the trap, for insertion into the socket of a suitable drain pipe. The outgo
proceeds from the straight bottom portion of the tongue, forming a roof over
the front portion W' of the well, and in conjunction with the front portion of the
well forms the pipe like exit of the trap which is of varying section from the
· approximate semicircle in the line f, near the tongue, to the circle at the nose of
the trap, the section in the line h, being shown at Figs. 4, and 9, and the section
in the line i, at Figs. 5, and 10. The topmost part of the outgo is slanted upward
from the tongue toward the front of the trap, parallel to the lowest part of the
invert of the front portion of the well as shown in Figs. 1, and 6. This formation

page_text: speut.
of the upper part of the outgo near the tongue, keeps the solids and paper in the
current of the liquid passing through the trap, which carries them forward as far as.
possible in the front part of the well, and then out of the trap into the outgoing.
drain. In the old forms of trap the well and outgo near the tongue take an abrupt
slanting upward direction, and the force of the current in the drainage
against the surface of the front part of the well, the solids having to rise to the top-
of the liquid and then float out of the trap without much force of drainage behind
them. In my new form of trap the more lateral formation of the well and outgo,.
both longitudinally and transversely, gives greater liberty for the movement of
solids and paper, and causes a greater proportion of the force of the drainage to be
exerted laterally therein in driving the solid matters out of the trap. The purpose.
of these new and combined features in the well and outgo, is to make the passage of
drainage easy, and prevent obstruction in the trap, and such features are not present:
in the old forms of trap. The bottom of the trap is made with a flat foot or base,.
which being square on plan and placed under the widened part of the well, with one
of its diagonals transversely across the trap, is of greater transverse width, and gives
greater stability to the trap when fixed, than is obtained with the bases of the old
forms of trap. The improved base is shown in vertical section, along its other:
diagonal, at B, in Figs. 1, and 6.
One or two additional square, slanting, or raking inlets, may be made in the-
upper part, of the opposite sides of the intake of the trap, for other incoming drains
or for air if required, and an opening may be provided on the top of the outlet or
outgo, as shown in vertical section, and represented by the dotted circle ; in Fig. 1,.
for the inspection and cleansing of the outgoing drain.
The lower butting part of the socket S' receiving the incoming drain pipe is.
vertically made less, and the upper butting part greater than usual, as shown
respectively at k, and 1, in Fig. 6, thus making the circular ring of the socket,
slightly eccentric in relation to the circular drainage inlet into the trap. The
lower butting part of the spigot end at the front of the trap, is made thicker, and
the upper butting part, thinner than usual, as shown respectively at m, and n, in.
Figs. 1, and 6, thus making the interior and exterior of the circular spigot end,.
slightly eccentric to each other. The purpose of these improved formations, is to
prevent burrs, or impediments, being made round the inverts of the drainage inlet.
and outlet, when fixing the trap with drain pipes, such burrs being often present
with the existing forms of trap, by the spigot ends of the pipes and traps, being
fixed or sinking too low in their respective sockets.
A web as shown at w. in Figs. 1, and 6, is formed on the outside of the trap,.
between the intake and the outgo, to connect and strengthen the two parts of the
trap.
I do not confine myself to the exact form and details of the drain trap as.
heretofore described, as when adapting the trap for use in a ventilated manhole,
and with channel blocks, (preferably those set forth in my Specification No. 12639
of 1893,) I make the top part of the intake of the trap, of the shape represented
by the dotted lines and double hatching in Fig. 1, the rear part of the intake
forming the drainage inlet being U shaped, and in the form of a half spigot for
connection with the semicircular half socket of the channel block. The lowest.
part of the invert of the U shaped drainage inlet, is kept in its proper position,.
namely: two inches above the water seal line in the trap, as shown at Fig. 1.
The drain traps shown in Figs. 1, to 10, inclusive, are throughout their water
way, of a capacity equal in area to the capacity of the drains for which they are
shown to be suited, and are designed for use with drains which are usually well.
charged with water, or have (as in connection with flushing tanks, or trough water
closets,) flushes of five gallons or more at one time, but in the smaller sizes of this.
form of trap, I do not confine myself to the size of the air and drainage inlets, and
the drainage outlet, as shown by the full lines in Fig. 6, as in cases where a plentiful
supply of air is required, for several soil and ventilating pipes in connection with
the house drains, or in cases where numerous small branch drains from water

page_text: closets, are connected with a larger sized main drain leading into the trap, and
where the usual regulation two gallon flush only is available for flushing the trap,
I enlarge the circular drain inlet by extending the intake of the trap upward, and
horizontally as required, the invert of the drain inlet being kept at its proper
distance above the water seal line in the trap, namely: two inches, as shown in
Figs. 1. and 6, I also enlarge the circular air inlet, in the manner shown in longi-
tudinal vertical section, by the stroke lines at p. in Fig. 6, and transversely as
required. When it is also desired to make the outgoing drain of larger capacity,
or to ventilate the outgoing drain, in connection with the sewer, I enlarge the
circular drain outlet, in the manner shown in longitudinal vertical section, by the
stroke lines at r, in Fig. 6, and transversely as required, and the inspection and
cleansing opening on the top of the outgo, as shown in Fig. 1, may be enlarged
accordingly. These modifications of the inlets, and outlet, enable me to use a small
sized trap, with larger sized pipes than those for which the trap is normally suited,
so as to secure as good a flush in the trap as possible, where a restricted supply of
water is used, especially as not more than one of a number of water closets is usually
flushed at the same time. The larger sized pipes also allow room for the passage
of drainage and air through the pipes at the same time.
In other cases where there is an absence of sufficient fall for the drains, the traps
are made with the bottom of the invert of the incoming drain inlet, level with the
water seal line in the trap, as shown by the dotted lines at s, in Fig. 1, but this
formation is not recommended for use, except where unavoidable, on account of the
liability to backwash into the incoming drain.
I do not confine myself to the form of drain trap herein before described, as I can
utilize variously, and singly or combined, in connection with other forms of drain
trap, (such as S, P, or gully traps,) all the novel features named herein.
Fig. 11. is a longitudinal vertical section, through the centre of an S trap, in
which some of my improvements are shown to be utilized.
Figs. 12, 13, 14, and 15, are transverse sections of the passage or way through
the Strap.
This form of trap is made in one piece, as shown in Fig. 11, with a circular
drain inlet (as represented by the dotted circle a,) suitable for a cottage water
closet basin, and surmounted by a socket S, to receive the spigot end of the
basin or a drain pipe, at the top of the flattened oval intake I. This form of
trap is usually fixed in connection with ordinary or trough water closets, having
a direct downward flush more or less in quantity. The lift of the well of the
trap as shown in Fig. 11, is at an angle of about forty five degrees with the horizon,
and the lowest part of the well is directly under the tongue, but the lift may
be made at any other angle as desired, or, at an angle of about thirty degrees
with the horizon, and with the lowest part of the well in front of the dipping
tongue like the traps shown at Figs. 1, and 6. In this S form of trap the extended
straight form of tongue is duplicated, and reversed, there being the dipping tongue T,
under which the drainage passes and the rising tongue T', over which the drainage
passes in its course from the intake 1, through the well W, W', to the outgo O
which turns over the rising tongue T', and continues vertically downward,
terminating at the horizontal spigot outlet as represented by the dotted circle g, in
Fig. 11. The dipping tongue T, dips into the water held in the well of the trap
to the depth necessary to obtain the required seal of the trap, and the rising
tongue T¹, fixes at its top the water seal line L, L', in the well of the trap. The
transverse and laterally formed sections of the trap in the dotted lines f, and h, in
the well, and v, in the outgo at Fig. 11, are alike, as shown at Fig. 13, but in the
line r, the curved portion of the section stands vertically over the rising tongue T',
like an arch, instead of being below the dipping tongue T, as an invert as in
the lines f, and h. The transverse and laterally formed section of the outgo of the
trap in the dotted line y, at Fig. 11, is shown at Fig. 15. The purpose of the
improved formation of this form of trap, is to make the passage of drainage
easy, and prevent obstruction in the trap, and the smaller sized traps of this form,

page_text: may be adapted for use with larger sized pipes, than those for which the trap is
normally suited, in a manner similar to that previously described, in connection with
the trap shown at Fig. 6.
This form of trap is made with a diagonally placed flat foot or base B in the
same manner as is hereinbefore described, in connection with the traps shown in
Figs. 1, and 6, and a web w, is also placed between the intake and the outgo on.
the outside of the trap, to connect and strengthen the two parts of the trap.
I do not confine myself to the separate formation of the S trap as shown in.
Figs. 11, to 15, as I can use this formation of trap in combination with pedestal
water closet basins when the basin and trap are made all in one piece.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. The general construction, adaptation, arrangement, and combination of the
several parts, consisting of the compacted sockets, the varying and flattened oval.
intake, the varying and laterally formed well and outgo, the extended straight form
of tongue, the diagonally placed base, and the eccentric drainage inlet socket and.
outlet spigot, and constituting the improved disconnecting and ventilating drain.
traps, substantially as described herein and shown with reference to Figs. 1, to 10,
of the annexed drawings, or any mere modification thereof.
2. The general construction, adaptation, arrangement, and combination of the
several parts, consisting of the varying and flattened oval intake, the varying
and laterally formed well and outgo, the extended straight form of the dipping
and rising tongues, and the diagonally placed base, and constituting the improved
S drain trap, substantially as described herein and shown with reference to
Figs. 11, to 15, of the annexed drawings, or any mere modification thereof.
3. The improvements in drain traps, substantially as and for the purposes.
described and illustrated herein.
Dated this Twenty-fifth day of May 1894