NEW CONSTRUCTIONS OF WEIGHING MACHINES
Year: 1853

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Julius Schönemann, of No. 89, Great Portland
Street, in the County of Middlesex, for the Invention of "NEW
CONSTRUCTIONS OF WEIGHING MACHINES."-A communication.
Sealed the 4th April 1854, and dated the 6th October 1853.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Julius Schönemann
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 6th October 1853.
I, JULIUS SCHÖNEMANN, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "NEW CONSTRUCTIONS OF WEIGHING MACHINES" to be as
follows:-
The new weighing machines are preferable to those which have been
in use to the present day by their cheapness of manufacture, precision
in their returns, durability, and easy repair.
As, however, the purpose of this Specification is but to obtain the
protection of the Patent Law, I forbear expatiating upon advantages
in manufacture and use, and confine myself to mere description.

page_text: I enclose Drawings of weighing machines made according to the new
principle, viz.,-
Ad A. Weighing machines for common use in weighing goods;
B. Table balances;
and beg to comment upon them as follows:-
Ad A.
I. Fig. 1, shows a perspective view of the machine. "Q, Q, Q¹, Q¹, is
the supporting frame with which solidily connected the column L, L,
bearing the beam; W, W, W','W', a solid wall prominent from the
column;
L. L, is perpendicular upon the line of the beam A, B, C,
and firmly fastened to a cross beam of the frame. Over the wall
W, W, W, W, is a moveable beam V, V. This I call forebridge.
That forebridge is connected with the beam by the perpendicular
chain G, and is lifted by-it. The forebridge V, V, is connected with
the wall W, W¹, by a chain K, and two stays S, S. The chain and
the stays are of equal length and parallel; the two stays are joined
with each other by a cross piece. By this mechanism the parallel
motion of the forebridge is effected. The two stays being con-
nected render the position of the forebridge stable, inasmuch as it
is lifted by the chain G. The forebridge itself lifts the platform
R, R, R¹, R¹, by means of the two chains P, and P¹. Only the
point of impact of the chain P upon an iron Z fastened to the platform
is to be seen: The point of impact of the chain P¹, upon a similar
iron Z, is covered. Observe here that the chains G, P, P¹, & K¹, must
be in a vertical plain passing between the two stays S, S¹. The parallel
motion of the platform R, R, R³, R³, is effected by two stays facing one
another, and two chains equally facing each other. Those parts being
partly covered by wood, only portions of the stay T, and the stay
chain U, are seen in Fig. I. Corresponding parts are under R¹, R'.
The two stays T, are also connected by a cross piece, and accordingly
thus shened
That all the nointe

page_text: Fig. II..represents a vertical section of the machine through the
chains G, P, P, K. Same parts are marked with same characters
as in Fig. I. Both points of impact. of the chains P, P¹, upon the
platform R, R', are here seen in Z, & Z. Observe here the iron
bolt X, X, joining the wall W, W, with the cross beam Q, Q, by which
connection the chain K. is prevented from raising the wall W, W.
Fig. III. represents a section of the machine through stay T, and
stay chain U. The chain G, and P, are in the same direction. They
act upon two edges connected with each other by means of two bolts
which are passed through the forebridge.
II. How to combine the principle of a forebridge with the Stras-
burgh balance (called by the name of its inventor "Quintenz" balance)
is shown in Fig. IV. Analogous parts are marked with the same
characters as in the former Figures. The wall W, W, W¹, W¹, how-
ever, is here thus sloped as to bring the stays S, S, and the chain K,
in a horizontal position. This augments the sensibility of the machine,
since the point of impact of the chain G now cannot draw but per-
pendicular bows.
The front view of the wall and forebridge is delineated in Fig. V.
The iron triangle here to be applied is in its projection upon the hori-
zontal plain of this shape:
The platform is here supported in four points, viz., by the two
edges d, and e, of the triangle (as delineated above), and by the two
chains P, and P¹, of the forebridge V, V, (see Fig. IV.,) the former of
which seizes the platform in f. The point of impact of the second is
covered. The measurings of the triangle and the beam are made in
the same way as in the Quintenz balance. The advantages arising
from the construction consist,-
In th

page_text: 2. In the protecting board cutting away a much less proportion
of the useful space than in the Quintenz machines of the
common construction:
3. In the platform being the most enlarged just where the system
affords the greatest bearing power, as the protecting board
here can be removed from the chain T, to the chain P.
III. Half-weigh bridges I call those machines whose bridge or
platform can wave round a given axis. In fact these bridges are
partly scales and partly platform machines. Fig. VII. represents a
machine with a half bridge. On the edge C of the beam A, B, C,
is suspended the right-angulas board D, D, D¹, D', from which in a
right angle proceeds the axis M, N. The always vertical position
of the board is effected by the chain K, K, seizing it vertically under
the point C, and by the couple of stays S, S, S¹, S¹. These stays
are of course connected with each other, are parallel to the chain
K, K, and of an equal length with it.
Under the two stays ver-
tically under K, K, is the keeping chain H, H, protecting the system
against arbitrarily being torn asunder. This chain H, H, also parallel
and equal to K, K, does not prevent the system from swinging,
and is not affected by loading the platform. On the axis M, N, the
half bridge Z, Z, Z, Z1, is suspended by means of the iron shins
Q, Q, R, R', whose prolongations encompass two sides of the plat-
form, and endow it with the necessary steadiness.
IV. To get always even in an oblique position correct returns from
a platform machine the infinitely little ways made by load and weight
in leaving their normal positions must be parallel. This results from
the law of virtual velocities. That desideratum is accomplished by
placing the beam parallel to the stay chains of the chief bridge or plat-
form. Here, however, arises the following peculiar difficulty. The
swingings of the scale and those of the platform cause a kind of inter-
ference, and the vibrations of the whole system turn very irregular, as
now a sudden stop seems to take place, and then the excursions are not
made any longer around the normal position, but are brought forth in
a most complicated manner. This great impediment in weighing
would be avoided by using a bridge instead of a scale. A half bridge,

page_text: however, would do for that purpose, and even a half bridge could be
simplified in the way shown in Fig. VI. The projecture and the
board D, D, D¹, D', are made of one piece. The two chains K, K,
and K', K', are made parallel to B, C, and the scale is appended as
shown in Fig. VI.
Here the boom BC itcalf soulence the stove and the winstu
Ad B.
DESCRIPTION OF NEW CONSTRUCTIONS OF TABLE WEIGHING MACHINES.
Fig. I., drawn in isometrical perspective, gives a view of a table weigh-
ing machine, constructed after a new principle. W, W, is the vertical
wall of the frame; and X, X, X, a piece dovetailed into it to give the
beam its fulcrum. The board serving as loading space is R, R, R¹, R',
into which is dovetailed the vertical wall U, U, U', U', forming one
body with the table, and being parallel to the frame wall. The table
is to be lifted by means of the chain K, G, suspended on the edge K
of the beam, and seizing upon an edge or kernel G of the table wall.
The parallel motion of the table is effected by means of four chains and
one stay, whose points of impact are all horizontal steel edges, five out
of which are situated in the frame wall W, W', and five in the table
wall U, U', but in its interior side. The placing of these chains just
being the essential part of the new principle, the mentioned two walls
are once more seperately delineated in Fig. II. & Fig. III., viz., seen.
in Fig. II. from the right hand, and in Fig. III. from the left hand.
In Fig. III. the table R, R, R, R', has only been dotted. In Fig. II.
observe, first, the two edges c, and e; in Fig. III. the two correspon-
Between C and c, is the stay of this shape
whose length is arbitrary, but generally kept
between 8 and 9 inches. This stay, when the machine is in its normal
position, is perpendicular upon both the wall of the bridge and that of
the frame. Between e and E is found the stay chain equally long with
and parallel to the stay. This chain, as well as the other ones here
applied, are to be made either of one or several pieces. As a rule
ding edges C and E.

page_text: Evidently the stay and stay chain prevent by themselves the table
and table wal from turning around a horizontal axis parallel to the hori-
zontal line R, R¹, (side of the table,) inasmuch as by this turning any
object placed upon the table would sink. In order to prevent the table,
with its wall, from turning around a horizontal axis standing perpen-
dicularly upon the axis just pointed out, and being parallel to R, R,
(side of the table,) the cross chains b, B, and d, D, as well as the lateral
chain a, A, are applied. The upper cross chain 6, B, passes from the
edge 6 of the frame wall, Fig. II., to the edge B of the table wall,
Fig. III. It is understood that the edges 6 and B, like all the other
edges, are perpendicular upon the direction of the chains. The chain
b, B, is in a horizontal plain. The lower cross chain d, D, passes
from the edge d of the frame wall, Fig. II., to the edge D of the table
wall, Fig. III. If, now, as it is the common practice, both of the chains
are of one length, the edges c and e, being perpendicular under each
other, are not to be placed in the middle of the wall W, W, W¹, W',
but out of the middle, since else the table with its wall would easily be
brought to vibrations around a perpendicular axis. If, accordingly,
the line c, e, is nearer to W, W, than to W, W, C, E, in Fig. 1II.
can be considered a turning axis; and as the lower cross chain d, D,
must act upon it more powerfully than the upper cross chain, another
(lateral) chain a, A, is required (to paralyse the preponderant influence
of the lower cross chain d, D), which is of equal length with and
parallel to the stay and stay chain, and passing from edge a of the
frame wall, Fig. II., to edge A of the table wall, Fig. III.
These are the essential parts of the table weighing machine, which
have to bear a certain part of the pressure effected by every loading.
However, to give the machine such a steadiness as to protect it even
against accidental shocks, and to render its getting out of order almost
impossible, a horizontal chain is added, proceeding from f to F, which
is called the loose chain. The edges of this chain are in the same

page_text: plains as the other edges, the chain itself being provided with an
elastic spiral for its middle link to keep it always in the same. tention.
The ratio of the load to the weight is of course the inverse of the
corresponding parts of the applied beam.
To generalize the condition essential for the correctness of the table
we best say that all the chains, as well as the stay, must be parallel to
a certain plain. Is the sensibility to be the same in all points, the
chains and the stay must describe straight conical plains of the same
basis. The radius of this basis in the construction just explained is the
length of the stay c, C.
If it were desired after the same principle to-construct platform
weighing machines with their loading room underneath it would become
necessary to apply the stay chain in the same placo where the stay is
situated, and vice versa, and to promote the loading board in a direc-
tion opposite to R, R, R¹, R³, from the wall U, U, U', U', (Fig. I.,)
in optional height, at last to prolong the frame work as far as the
bridge, as is shown in this Figure :

page_text: explained constructions have the following peculiarities:-
application of four chains and one stay, moving on one side
around certain points of the stationary frame, on the other side
around certain points of the moveable platform. Were the said
parts (chains and stay) fastened only with one extreme point to
the stationary frame, and not in any other way connected with
the whole mechanism, they could be thus moved that the free
extreme point of the stay, as well as each free extreme point
of either of the chains, would describe a spherical surface, or
at least a part of one. Accordingly, the bows drawn by their
moveable extreme points when the machine is in motion are
five circular bows upon five different spherical surfaces; and sub-
sequently the platform in these constructions is moving upon five
spherical surfaces. As now all positions of a solid, whose motions
are thus defined, must be parallel to each other, the platform in
these constructions cannot move but parallely to itself, whereby
a most important desideratum for the correctness of weighing
machines is accomplished.
application of a forebridge, as explained in the description
sub A
explained constructions have the following peculiarities :-
application of four chains and one stay, moving on one side
around certain- points of the stationary frame, on the other side
around certain points of the moveable platform. Were the said
parts (chains and stay) fastened only with one extreme point to
the stationary frame, and not in any other way connected with
the whole mechanism, they could be thus moved that the free
extreme point of the stay, as well as each free extreme point
of either of the chains, would describe a spherical surface, or
at least a part of one. Accordingly, the bows drawn by their
moveable extreme points when the machine is in motion are
five circular bows upon five different spherical surfaces; and sub-
sequently the platform in these constructions is moving upon five
spherical surfaces. As now all positions of a solid, whose motions
are thus defined, must be parallel to each other, the platform in
these constructions cannot move but parallely to itself, whereby
a most important desideratum for the correctness of weighing
machines is accomplished.
application of a forebridge, as explained in the description
sub A
construction and application of a half bridge, as explained
above, sub B.
CLAIMS.
er the above explanation I claim the protection of the Patent
particularly the Patent Law Amendment Act, 1852, for New
uctions of Weighing Machines; in which,―
the platform or bridge, by means of four chains and one stay,
is conducted parallely to itself, as above demonstrated. Each
of the mentioned parts (chains and stay) is acting for itself and

page_text: II., a forebridge is applied to transfer the motions from the
platform or bridge to the beam, and vice versa. To explain the
meaning of the word forebridge, and the application of this part,
I refer to the description, ad A., I. and II.
III., a half bridge is applied waving around a solid axis, which
combines the attributes of a scale with those of a platform.
For complete explanation of the word "half bridge," and the
application of this part, I refer to the foregoing description,
ATTT and TV
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Julius Schönemann in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 5th April 1854.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I,
JULIUS SCHÖNEMANN, of No. 89, Great Portland Street, in the County
of Middlesex, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Sixth day of October, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-three, in the seven-
teenth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said Julius Schönemann, Her special
licence that I, the said Julius Schönemann, my executors, administra-
tors, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Julius Schönemann,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make,
use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Inven-
tion of "NEW CONSTRUCTIONS OF WEIGHING MACHINES," (being a com-
munication,) upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Julius
Schönemann, by an instrument in writing under my hand and seal,
should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Inven-
tion, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the
same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar

page_text: months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
•
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Julius Schönemann, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement:
The improvements in the construction of weighing machines which
have been communicated to me consist, firstly, in the application and
combination of certain connecting links and.stay links for ensuring the
parallelism of the plane of the platform in all its positions; secondly, in
the application of a moveable bar connected by a link with the beam,
and which bar I call the "forebridge" or "guide bar;" and, thirdly,
in the method of suspending the scale or platforin of the weighing
machine from a horizontal axis upon which it is at liberty to vibrate, that
axis being fixed to a portion of the machine which is in direct connec-
tion with the beam. The platform or scale so suspended I call a "half
bridge" or "semi-platform." These improvements admit of the use
of an undivided beam; they render the action of the machine more
sensibly affected by an increase or decrease of weight, at the same time
increasing its steadiness and durability, diminishing the cost of construc-
tion, and facilitating the repairs.
In Sheet I., A, Fig. I., is a perspective view of one of my improved
weighing machines. Q, Q, Q', Q', is the foot or foundation plate upon
which is raised the pillar or frame L, L, which carries the beam A, B, C.
W,W,W,W', is a block or partition placed in front of the pillar L, L,
at right angles to the plane of vibration of the beam A, B, C, and
firmly fixed to the foundation plate Q, Q, Q, Q', by the bolt x, x, (see
Fig. II.) Over this partition W, W, W', W', a moveable bar V, V,
is placed which I call the "forebridge" or "guide bar." This "fore-
bridge" or "guide bar" is connected with the beam A, B, C, by means
of the link G, and therefore moves with the beam, and it hinges on the
partition W, W, W', W', by means of the connecting link K, and a
double stay link S, S¹, which are of equal length and parallel to each
other. By this arrangement the "guide bar" is made to move at all
times in a parallel direction. As the two parts of the double stay

page_text: link S, S¹, are united by a cross piece it follows that the "guide bar,"
when it acted upon by the link G, must be perfectly steady. This
"guide bar" raises, by means of the links P and P', the platform R, R,
R', R', which is suspended from the links P and P¹ by means of the
knives Z and Z, the latter of which is not shewn in the Drawing. It
is to be observed that the links G, P, P', and K, must be placed in a
vertical plane passing through the double stay link S, S¹. The parallel
motion of the platform R, R, R¹, R', is effected by means of connecting
links U, and two stay links T, placed opposite to each other, (sec
Fig. III.,) the latter being connected by a cross piece, as shewn at
Fig. IX., Sheet III. It is scarcely necessary to say that all the points
of contact between the liuks and their respective knives must be made
of steel or other hardened metal. Figure II. represents the weighing
machine in section through the links G, P, P, K, the same parts being
marked with the same letters of reference as in Fig. I. Fig. III.
is a section through the stay link T, and connecting link C. The
links P and G are placed in the same line, and hinged upon knives
fixed to the "guide bar "V, V, by means of two bolts (see Figs. II.
and III.)
Sheet II., A, Fig. IV., shews how the principle of the "forebridge" or
"guide bar " is applied to the "Strasburgh" or "Quintenz" weighing
machine, analogous parts bearing the same letters of reference as
before. In this case the partition W, W, W', W', is tapered off in
such a manner that the normal position of the connecting link K, and
of the stay link S, S', becomes horizontal, (see Fig. V.,) an arrangement
which contributes to the sensitiveness of the machine. The iron
triangle a, b, c, which is applied in this case is, in its horizontal
projection, represented at Figure X., Sheet III. The platform R, R,
R, R', is supported at four points. It rests, in the first place, upon
the knife edges d and e, (see Fig. X.,) and it is further suspended
from the links P and P¹ of the guide bar V, V, at f and f',
(see Fig. IV.) The proportions of the triangle and of the beam are
determined in the same manner as in the Strasburgh weighing
machines. The advantages which arise from this construction are,
first, that the bridge or platform is of a rectangular shape; secondly,

page_text: that the protecting board or partition W, W, W', W', occupies a
proportionately smaller space than in balances of the ordinary con-
struction; thirdly, that the platform admits of being enlarged at that
point where its bearing power is greatest, inasmuch as the protecting
board is transferred from the position near the link T, to that near the
link P; and, fourthly, that the ratio of the weight to the load can be
adjusted at pleasure.
I call those weighing machines "half-bridge" or "semi-platform "
weighing machines in which the platform or bridge is at liberty to
turn on a pivot; in fact, platforms of that description partake partly of
the nature of platforms and partly of that of scales. A, Figure VII.,
Sheet III., represents such a weighing machine. From the bean A, B, C,
is suspended by the link C, the board D, D, D¹, D', from which pro-
jects at right angles the stud or axis M, N. The board D, D, D', D',
is at all times kept in a vertical position by means of the connecting
link K, K', which is connected with the board in question at a point
in a vertical line with the point of suspension from the beam, as well
as by the stay links S, S', which latter are connected by a cross piece,
and are placed parallel to the link K, K', and of equal length with it.
Underneath the stay links S, S', and moving in the same vertical plane
with the link K, K', the connecting link H, H', is applied, which serves
to hold the component parts of the machine together. This link, which
is equal in length to the link K, K', and parallel to it, does not interferc
with the legitimate oscillations of the machine, nor is it affected by the
load. The half-bridge or semi-platform Z, Z, Z, Z, is suspended from
the stud or axis M, N, by means of the iron bands Q, Q, R, R',
continuations of which embrace two sides of the bridge or platform, and
impart to it the requisite strength.
The oscillations of the scale and bridge or platform, as generally
constructed, to some extent interfere with each other, whereby the
oscillations of the whole system become exceedingly irregular, occasion-
ally appearing to cease altogether, and then again taking place in a
very complicated manner. As such a state of things would be very
objectionable in weighing, the difficulty might be avoided by replacing
the scale by a platform or bridge, or a semi-bridge would suffice, and

page_text: such a one might be still more simplified in the manner shewn at
Fig. VI.; Sheet II. The suspension link and board D, D, D¹, D',
are made of one piece, the links K, K, and K', K', being parallel
with B, C, and the scale suspended from the stud or axis M, N. The
stay links in this case are replaced by the beam B, C, the board D, D,
D', D', being sustained on a knife edge.
Sheet IV., B, Fig. I., is an isometrically perspective view of a counter
weighing machine of the improved construction. W, W, is the frame
(resting upon foundation blocks), dovetailed into which is a bracket
x, x, x, which serves as a support for the beam. Into the table R, R,
R', R', upon which the articles to be weighed are placed, is dovetailed
the upright U, U, U'', U'; the two form one compact body, the latter
being parallel to the frame W, W. The table R, R, R', R', is hung
to the beam. H, I, K, by means of the links and knives K and G, the
knife at G being fastened to the upright U, U, U", U¹. To effect the
parallel motion of the upright U, U, U', U', four connecting links and
one stay link are applied, whose points of contact are edges of steel or
other hardened metal, five of which lie in the frame W, W, and five
others in the partition U, U, U₁, U, facing the frame W, W. As
the main feature of the improved principle consists in the application
of these links I shew the frame W, W, and upright U, U, U¹, U¹,
separately at Sheet V., B, Figs. II. and III. Fig. III. represents the
upright U, U, U¹, UT, from the opposite side, the table R, R, R, R³,
being shewn in dotted lines. In Fig. II. the edges cand e are
shewn, and in Fig. III. the corresponding edges C and E. Between
C and c, a stay link, of the shape represented at Fig. IV., Sheet V., is
introduced, whose length depends on the distance at which the partition
U, U, is fixed from the frame W, W', but generally ranges between
three and nino inches. This stay link, when the weighing machine is
in equilibrium, stands perpendicularly upon the frame W, W, W', W',
and upright U, U, U'', U' Between E and e a connecting link, of
equal length with and parallel to the stay link C, c, is introduced. This
connecting link, as well as the other connecting links applied in this case,
may be made either of one piece or composed of several parts; gene-
rally speaking, they consist of three parts, as shewn at Fig. V., Sheet V.

page_text: It is evident that the stay link and connecting link alone would prevent
the table and upright from turning about an axis parallel to the hori-
zontal line R, R¹, (side of the table,) in so far as such a motion could
produce a depression of an object laid upon the table. Now in order
to prevent the table with its upright from turning about another hori-
zontal axis perpendicular to the former one and parallel to R, R, the
cross links b, B, and d, D, as well as the side link a, A, are introduced.
The upper cross link 6, B, reaches from the edge b, (see Fig. II.,)
to the edge B, (see Fig. III.) It is scarcely necessary to observe
that the edges b, B, are to be in a position at right angles to the
direction of the links; this applies equally to all the other edges. The
links b, B, d, D, lie in a horizontal plane when the machine is in
equilibrium. The lower cross link d, D, reaches from the edge d, (see
Fig. II.,) to the edge D of the upright U, U, U, U. If, as is
usually the case, both links are of equal length, those edges which are
placed underneath each other in a vertical direction are not fixed in
the middle of the frame W, W, W', W', but nearer to one or other
of the sides, because otherwise the table with its upright might be
caused to oscillate about a perpendicular axis. The line c, e, being
nearer to W, W, than to W, W, we may consider C, E, (see
Fig. III.,) as an axis of rotation; and as the lower cross link d, D, must
necessarily have a greater influence upon it than the upper one, it becomes
necessary to apply a side link a, A, of equal length with and parallel to
the stay length c, C, and connecting link e, E, and reaching from the
edge a, (see Fig. II.,) to the edge A, (see Fig. III.) These are the
principal parts of the counter weighing machine, which for any given
load have to bear a portion of the pressure. In order, however, to
impart to the machine such a degree of stability as to render it secure,
even in the event of accidental shocks, and to make it nearly impossible
for it to get out of order, a horizontal link reaching from f to F, and
which I call the "loose link," is applied, the edges appertaining to
which are placed in the same planes as the other edges. Between the
two parts of which this link is composed a spiral spring is placed in
order to keep it continually at a certain tension.
⚫ In order to construct upon the same principle bridge or platform

page_text: weighing machines having the platform underneath the beam it is
only necessary to exchange the respective positions of the stay link and
connecting link, and to place the table in a position opposite to that
where R, R, R, R¹, is shewn, and at any required elevation from the
foundation block, at the same time exteriding the feet or foundation of
the frame so far as t the platform reaches (see Fig. VI., Sheet V.)
Where particular nicety in weighing is required it has been found
necessary to connect the edges of the stay link c, C, so as to cause it to
project beyond c, besides applying a link z, c, having a socket at c,
and an edge at m, n, see Fig. VII., Sheet V. The principal por-
tions of the framings, platforms, &c. of the weighing machines repre-
sented in the accompanying Drawings are supposed to be of wood;
they may, however, be made of iron or other suitable material, the
shape and dimensions thereof being modified accordingly.
Although the peculiar construction described with reference to
Sheets IV. and V. of Drawings is particularly adapted for counter
weighing machines, it is clear that with slight modifications, and by
placing the platform underneath the beam, that construction may, with
advantage, be applied to weighing machines for weighing heavy goods.
It is also evident that according to circumstances the connecting links
may be replaced by stay links, and vice versa, without deviating from
the principle upon which the improvements set forth in the foregoing
description are based.
What I claim as the Invention intended to be secured by the said
Letters Patent is,―
First, the application and combination of connecting links and stay
links for the purpose of securing the parallel motion of the moveable
parts of weighing machines in connection with an undivided beam, as
above described and represented (more particularly with reference to
Sheets IV. and V. of Drawings).
Secondly, with reference to Sheets I. and II. of Drawings, Figs. I. II.
III. IV. and V. the application of a "forebridge" or "guide-bar" V, V,
adapted to platform weighing machines.
Thirdly, with reference to Sheets II. and III. of Drawings, Figs. VI.
VII. and VIII. the suspending the platform or scale from a pivot or

page_text: axis fixed horizontally to that part which is in immediate connection
with the beam.
In witness whereof, I, the said Julius Schönemann, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Fifth day of April, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-four.
JULIUS SCHÖNEMANN. (L.S.)