Improvements in the Manufacture of Iron and Steel by which Sulphur is Eliminated.
Year: 1895

page_text: Date of Application, 7th May, 1895
Complete Specification Left, 6th Feb., 1896-Accepted, 14th Mar.,
1896
Improvements in the Manufacture of Iron and Steel by which
Sulphur is Eliminated.
I HENRY CLFMENT SWINNERTON DYER of Elswick Works, Newcastle-on-
Tyne, oue of the Managing Directors of Su W G Armstrong Mitchell & Co.
Limited do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows
The object of this invention is to eliminate the sulphur or a large percentage of
the sulphur which is generally found in pig non
At present none of the sulphur o at best only an unimportant portion of the
aulphui contained in the pig non is eliminated during subsequent processes
propose to vary the blast furnace, the Bessemer and the open hearth
processes so as to depuve the metal of its sulphur or a considerable part
of it.
I effect this by allowing the metal to cool down to a temperature at which the
sulphun combines more readily with the manganese tban with the iron.
At present, in blast furnace working the melted metal is un direct from the
blast furnace on to the pig bed, in the Bessemer process the pig iron is melted
in a cupola and poured into the converter with as little delay as possible 80 as
to get the melted pig non into the converter with as little loss of temperature as
possible.
According to my invention I delay these operations and allow the pig iron to
cool down after it is run out of the blast furnace and before it is run on to the pig
bed and in the Bessemer process to cool down between the time it leaves the
cupola and the commencement of the process to convert it into steel, so as to
reduce the temperature down to the point at which the sulphur combines moro
readily with the manganese than with the iron itself; also give sufficient time
for the sulphur and manganese to combine, and for the sulphut to pass into the
slag or be burned away before the temperature is raised in the converter to a point
at which sulphur combines more readily with iron than with manganese.
Should the metal not contain any manganese, or not sufficient for the purpose
I provide it by adding either spiegel, terio manganese or manganese in some
convenient form but the metal must be allowed to cool down to the temperature
favourable for the combination of sulphur with mauganese
I make no claim whatever to the addition of manganese as I am aware this
addition of itself is no new thing
Arrangements may be made to heat the metal in the ladle or to retain the
metal at the required temperature 80 as to give ample time for the whole or
the greater part of the sulphu to combine with the inanganese and pass out of the
metal.
In the open hearth process the operation is somewhat more simple-the metal is
charged and melted in the ordinary manner-the gas is then turned off and the metal
allowed to cool down to the required temperature, most suitable for the combination
of the sulphur and manganese-this operation may be accelerated by feeding cold
metal into the bath-when the desired temperature is reached the metal is allowed
to remain until the sulphur or the greater portion of it has passed into the slag or

page_text: been burned the slag should then be removed and the operation of steel making
be proceeded with in the ordinary manner
Should the metal not contain sufficient manganese it can be added.
Improvements in the Manufacture of Iron and Steel by which
Sulphur is Eliminated.
I, HENRY CLEMENT SWINNERTON DYER of Elswick Works, Nowcastle-on-
Tyne, oue of the Managing Directors of Sir W. G. Armstrong Mitchell & Co.
Limited do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the
same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement :—
The object of this invention is to eliminate the sulphur or a large percentage of
the sulphur which is generally found in pig non.
At present none of the sulphur or at best only an unimportant portion of the
sulphur contained in the pig lion is eliminated during subsequent processes
propose to vary the blast furnace, the Bessemer and the open hearth
processes so as to deprive the metal of the sulphur or a considerable part
of it.
1 effect this by allowing the metal to cool down to a temperature at which the
sulphur combines more readily with the manganese (and passes into the slag) than
with the irou.
At present, in blast furnace working the melted metal is run direct from the
blast furnace on to the pig bed, in the Bessemer process the pig on is melted
in a cupola and poured into the converter with as little delay as possible so as
to get the melted pig iron into the converter with as little loss of temperature as
possible.
According to my invention 1 delay these oporations and allow the pig iron to
cool down alter it is run out of the blast furnace and before it is run on to the pig
bed; and in the Bessemer process to cool down between the time it leaves the
cupola and the commencement of the process to convert it into steel, so as to
reduce the temperature down to the point at which the sulphur combines more
readily with the manganese than with the on itself; also give sufficient time
for the sulphur and inanganese to combine, and for the sulphur to pass into the
slag or be burned away before the temperature is raised in the converter to
a point at which sulphur combines more readily with iron than with manganese
and slag.
I
Should the metal not contain any manganese, or not sufficient for the purpose
I provide it by adding either spiegel, ferro manganese or manganese in some
couvenient form; but the metal nust be allowed to cool down to the temperature
favourable for the combination of sulphur with manganese.
I make no claim whatever to the addition of manganese as I am aware this
addition of itself is no new thing.
Arrangements may be made to retain the metal at the required temperature so
as to give ample time for the whole of the greater part of the sulphur to combine
with the manganese and pass out of the inetal.
In the open hearth process the operation 18 somewhat more simple-the metal is
charged and melted in the ordinary manner, the gas is then turned off and the
metal allowed to cool down to the required temperature, most suitable for the
combination of the sulphun and manganese-this operation may be accelerated by
feeding cold metal into the bath-when the desired temperature is reached the

page_text: metal is allowed to remain until the sulphur or the greater portion of it has passed
into the slag or been burned; the slag should then be removed and the operation
of steel making be proceeded with in the ordinary manner.
Should the metal not contain sufficient manganese
cau be added.
In all of the above mentioned processes I allow as much time for the cooling of
the metal and continue the cooling to as low a temperature as I conveniently can
having regard to the after treatment to which the metal is to be subjected.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim 18 -
In the manufacture of iron and steel, the interruption of the ordinary process of
manufacture (having previously ensured the presence of manganese in the metal)
in such mauner as to reduce the temperature of the metal to that favourable for
the combination of sulphur with the manganese and to afford sufficient time for
the combination to be effectual and to allow the sulphur to pass away from the.
metal.
T
1000
HENRY C. S. DYER.