Improved Manufacture of Metallic Alloys.
Year: 1887

page_text: Date of Application, 13th May, 1887
Complete Left, 9th Feb., 1888
Complete Accepted, 16th Mar., 1888
Improved Manufacture of Metallic Alloys.
I, ARTHUR PENDARVES VIVIAN of Glenafon, Port Talbot in the County of
Glamorgan, Smelter, do hereby declare the nature of this invention, to be as
follows:-
My invention relates to an improved manufacture of alloys of copper, zinc and
iron or steel, and consists in first producing an alloy of copper and iron, or of copper
and steel, or of copper, iron and steel, and then adding to this the requisito proportion
of zinc, such addition being effected either while the alloy of copper and iron is still
in a molten condition, or after a solidified alloy of copper and iron or steel has been
remelted. The proportions in which the preliminary alloys of copper and iron
or steel and the final alloy of copper iron or steel and zinc are prepared may be varied
considerably according to the purposes for which the alloy is required. Thus the
alloy of copper and iron or steel may consist of from 48 to 62 parts by weight
of copper with from one to 10 parts of iron or steel or of both mixed, and to this
alloy may be afterwards added from 35 to 55 parts of zinc.
The alloy thus obtained is highly malleable at a red heat, and is applicable for
sheathing, bearings &c. and for forgings, less zinc can be employed for the former
than for the latter application.
1000
ABEL & IMRAY,
Agents for the Applicant.

page_text: Improved Manufacture of Metallic Alloys.
I, ARTHUR PENDARVES VIVIAN, of Glenafon, Port Talbot, in the County of
Glamorgan, Smelter do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement :-
My invention relates to an improved manufacture of alloys of copper, zinc and
iron or steel and consists in first producing an alloy of copper and iron or of copper
and steel, or of copper iron and steel, and then adding to this the requisite proportion
of zinc, such addition being effected either while the alloy of copper and steel or of copper
and iron or of copper iron and stoel is still in a molten condition, or after a solidified alloy
of copper and iron or steel has been remelted. The proportions in which the
preliminary alloys of copper and iron or steel and the final alloy of copper iron
or steel and zinc are prepared may be varied considerably according to the purposes
for which the alloy is required. Thus the alloy of copper and iron or steel may
consist of from 48 to 62 parts by weight of copper with from 1 to 10 parts of iron or
steel or of both mixed, and to this alloy may be afterwards added from 35 to 55 parts
of zinc. The alloy thus obtained is highly malleable at a red heat, and is applicable
for sheathing, bearings, &c., and for forgings less zinc can be employed for the
former than for the latter application.
In practically carrying out my above described invention I prefer to proceed
as follows According to one mode of proceeding, I melt in a reverberatory or other
suitable furnace 100 parts by weight of metallic copper with say from 5 to 15 parts
by weight of iron or steel by preference using wrought iron or wrought steel. When
thoroughly melted and well mixed the alloy is tapped into moulds of convenient form
and weight. A ferriferous copper is thus obtained which is then alloyed with the
zinc in proportions which may vary from 40 to 55 parts by weight of metallic zinc
to from 60 to 45 parts by weight of the ferriferous copper.
For the general uses of forging rolling and casting. I have obtained very good
results with a mixture of 55 parts of the ferriferous copper to 45 parts of the zinc.
The materials are melted together in a reverberatory pot, or other suitable furnace,
when using a reverberatory furnace I proceed by preference in the following manner.
The furnace being first heated is charged with the required quantity of the ferriferous
copper and a good melting heat is maintained with closed furnace doors; when the alloy
is melted which will generally be effected in about 50 minutes, a small quantity (say
about cne twentieth part) of the zinc should be thrown in which will have the effect
of thinning the fluid metal and the formation on its surface of a thin slag which
should be skimmed off with a rabble and a shovel full of small stone coal mixed with
common rough salt or other suitable flux thrown on to the surface of the metal.
The furnace door is then closed for about five minutes after which the remainder
of the zinc is added and the charge is well stirred, care being taken to push the

page_text: rabble along the bottom of the furnace to ascertain that no lumps are adhering and
that the charge is thoroughly well melted.
The door is then again closed for a few minutes so as to allow the heat to be raised
again and the alloy is run out into suitable moulds using by preference dry sand
moulds for large plates for rolling or for large castings, and metal moulds for smaller
plates and ingots.
According to the second mode of proceeding, instead of running the ferriferous
copper into moulds after it has been produced as above described I at once add the
zinc while it is still in a molten state, so as to complete the whole process at one
operation, the mode of adding it being by preference the same as above described.
Having now particularly described the nature of my said invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed I wish it to be understood that I do not limit
myself to the above described processes or proportions for carrying the same into
practice as these are only given by way of example to enable others to practically
carry out the invention but I claim :-
The improved manufacture of alloys of copper, zinc and iron or steel, or of copper
zinc iron and stool whereby an alloy of copper and iron or steel is first produced to
which is then added the requisite proportion of zinc such addition being either made
while the alloy of copper and iron or steel is still in a molten condition or after such
alloy has been run into moulds, and remelted, substantially as herein described.
1000
ABEL & IMRAY,
Agents for the Applicant.