IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF PRINTING PRESSES
Year: 1855

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Alfred Vincent Newton, of the Office for Patents,
66, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Mechanical Draughts-
man, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF PRINTING
PRESSES."-A communication.
PRESSES."—A communication.
Sealed the 24th April 1855, and dated the 2nd March 1855.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Alfred Vincent Newton
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
2nd March 1855.
I, ALFRED VINCENT NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery Lane,
in the County of Middlesex, Mechanical Draughtsman, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF
PRINTING PRESSES " to be as follows:--
This Invention relates, firstly, to the hanging of the bed which carries the
form of type. The rise and fall for each impression taken is effected partly by
springs, the action of which is sufficiently powerful to accomplish about three-
fourths (more or less) of the motion, the remaining portion being completed by
cam attachments, which.come into operation just before and after the weight
of the bed and the springs cease to operate. The bed itself by its weight and
the springs by their elasticity are thus made to overcome all the inertia of the
bed in starting from a state of rest, and the motion is completed by cam attach-
ment at the extremes of the motion of the bed.

page_text: Secondly, the arranging of the inking rollers and frisket on separate carriages
on the same ways, and moving them at such relative velocities that the frisket
will quickly remove the sheet from the form, whilst the inking rollers are
slowly travelling, so that the inking rollers may return to the ink trough after
inking the form without awaiting the return of the frisket. By this arrange-
ment, besides doing better. inking, there is a saving of the time required both
in delivering and receiving the paper on the frisket, and that which would
be consumed in raising and lowering the bed, which movement could not be
commenced until the printing rollers and frisket if attached together had
performed their functions.
Thirdly, the employment of an automatic movement attached to any con-
venient moving part of the press for pointing the sheet whilst it is being
prepared for receiving its first impression, by which means the operator can
with both hands hold and control the sheet for the nippers without letting go
the sheet to point or press the paper upon the pointing pins, as heretofore done.
Fourth, to the employment of a blast of air. for pressing down the sheet
when it is being arranged for receiving the impression on the reverse side, and
thereby blowing the sheet against the points, leaving the operator the free use
of both his hands to guide and control the sheet, the blast being sufficient to
force the paper on to the points when even the register in the sheet is brought
directly over them, thus performing to a great extent by an automatic
attachment what has heretofore been accomplished entirely by the hand.
Fifthly, the removing of the printed sheet by means of inverted cups, which
come down upon the sheet, and from which the air is exhausted, thus making
the sheet adhere to them by atmospheric pressure. The cups may be arranged
on hollow arms on a hollow shaft, so that the paper may be drawn off, turned
over, and laid upon the paper table in proper position for being again passed
through the press.
Sixthly, to the making of the registering points adjustable in the paper
table. This may be effected by passing them through a friction plate secured
between two plates, and so that they may be moved in any direction by a slight
tap, for the purpose of allowing for the unequal shrinking or drying of the
paper, or of any movement of the form after the first impression is taken.
And, lastly, to the combination of an open toggle and adjustable excentric
shaft or pin, which operate the bed for the purpose of regulating the impres-
sions, by increasing or diminishing the distance between the bed and platen.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Alfred Vincent Newton in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 1st September 1855.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, ALFRED
VINCENT NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery Lane, in the County
of Middlesex, Mechanical Draughtsman, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Second day of March, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-five, in the eighteenth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said Alfred Vincent Newton, Her special license that I, the said Alfred
Vincent Newton, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others
as I, the said Alfred Vincent Newton, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time
and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and
lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom
of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF PRINTING PRESSES,"
being a communication from abroad, upon the condition (amongst others)
that I, the said Alfred Vincent Newton, by an instrument in writing under
my hand and seal, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of
the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and
cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Alfred Vincent Newton, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is
to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement, reference being had to the Drawings hereunto annexed,
and to the letters and figures marked thereon (that is to say):-
This Invention consists, first, in hanging the bed which carries the form of
type (and which rises and falls for each impression taken) upon springs, so
that the weight of the bed which is several hundred pounds, and the elasticity
of the springs, will be sufficient to overcome about three-fourths (more or less)
of the motion in falling and rising, the remaining distance being overcome by
cam attachments, which come into operation just before and after the weight
of the bed and the springs cease to operate; thus making the bed itself by its
weight, and the springs by their elasticity, overcome all the inertia in starting

page_text: it from a state of rest, and completing the motion by cam attachment at the
extremes of the motion or vibration of the bed, which takes hold and lets go at
the proper time for effecting this object, by which means the press is worked
with more ease and without the least perceptible jar.
Second, the arranging of the inking rollers and frisket on separate carriages
on the same ways and moving at such relative velocities that the frisket may
remove the sheet from the form quickly whilst the inking roller may travel
more slowly, and so that the inking rollers may return to the ink trough after
inking the form without awaiting the return of the frisket; by this arrange-
ment doing better inking, and saving the time required both in delivering
and receiving the paper on the frisket, and that which would be con-
sumed in raising and lowering the bed, which could not be commenced
until the printing rollers and frisket if attached together had performed their
functions.
Third, pointing the sheet by an automatic movement attached to some
moving part of the press whilst it is being prepared for receiving its first
impression, by which means the operator can with both hands hold and control
the sheet for the nippers without letting go the sheet to point or press the
paper upon the pointing pins, as heretofore done.
Fourth, in having a blast of air to blow upon the sheet when it is being
arranged for receiving the impression on the reverse side, which will blow the
sheet against the points, leaving the operator the free use of both his hands to
guide and control the sheet, the blast being sufficient to force the paper on
to the points whenever the register in the sheet is brought directly over them,
thus performing to a great extent by an automatic attachment what has
heretofore been accomplished entirely by the hand.
Fifth, the removing of the printed sheet by means of inverted cups, which
come down upon the sheet, and from which the air is exhausted, thus making
the sheet adhere to them by atmospheric pressure. The cups may be arranged
on hollow arms on a hollow shaft, so that the paper may be drawn off, turned
over, and laid upon the paper table in proper position for being again passed
through the press.
To enable others skilled in the art to make and use this Invention, I will
proceed to describe the same with reference to the Drawings hereunto
annexed; in which, Fig. 1 is a side elevation of the press; and Fig. 2 repre-
sents the opposite side; Fig. 3 is a view of the rear end of the press; and
Fig. 4 represents the front end of the press; Fig. 5 represents a top view;
and Fig. 6, a longitudinal vertical section through the line e, e, of Fig. 5.

page_text: Similar letters in the several Figures represent the same parts.
The frame of the press is provided with suitable bearings for the driving
shaft A, upon which the balance wheel B is mounted.
On the centre of the shaft A is placed a spur wheel C, which gears into a
cog wheel D on a shaft E immediately under the bed of the press. The bed F
which carries the form is moved up and down vertically to the platen G, which
is stationary. The bed is balanced on four guide rods II, which pass throug
stout projections I cast on the frame, and between the said projections are
arranged helical springs a coiled around the rods H, their lower ends resting
on the lower projections, and their upper ends bearing against a collar 6 on
the said rods. On the bottom of the bed are cast the lugs c, through holes in
which passes a rod d. From this rod are suspended the arms J, which hang
down sufficiently far to be caught by an adjustable excentric on the shaft E
(to be hereafter described), and form with it a loose toggle joint, which raises
up the bed for the impression, and is then immediately detached, so as to
allow the bed to fall back upon the helical springs by its own weight, which
compresses the springs sufficiently to allow it to sink the large portion of the
required distance, and at this point the rod e (Fig. 6), which is also attached
to the bed, and is operated by a cam lever K, to which it is also attached,
completes the descending operation, by drawing down the bed and compress-
ing the springs, and in which position it is held by an excentric L (shewn in
dotted lines, Fig. 6), which holds down the said cam lever K until the bed is
again ready to rise, when the excentric L suddenly releases the cam lever. The
helical springs then force up the bed nearly three-fourths of the distance of its
movement, and before its motion ceases it is caught and carried the remaining
distance by the adjustable excentric on the shaft E coming against the arms J,
before described.
In book presses, as heretofore constructed, the inking rollers and frisket
have been arranged in the same carriage, and consequently travel at the same
velocities, the one being made to depend upon the motions of the other; this
involves not only loss of time, but deteriorates the quality of the work. There
is no obstruction to the removing of the frisket at the very moment the
impression is taken, but when the inking rollers are attached to the frisket,
time must be given to allow the form to fall sufficiently far to receive the
inking rollers before the frisket can move, and when it does move it travels too
fast to allow the rollers to do regular inking; so also on the return the inking
rollers must remain idle whilst the frisket is delivering the printed sheet and
taking on a fresh one, and to economize time too much speed must be given

page_text: (carrying the
also to the return motion. The consequence is that the inking is badly
donc or time wasted. I have arranged the frisket and inking rollers on
separate carriages, moving on the same ways, with such relative velocities as
to work in harmony with each other, giving the frisket a quick motion in
carrying off the printed and returning with the fresh sheet; and whilst it is at
rest and receiving another sheet, the inking rollers are taking up the whole
time in inking the form, by which means no time is lost, and perfect inking
is done. M represents the ways upon which the carriages N
frisket O, Fig. 5,) and P (carrying the inking rollers Q) travel. The carriage
N is driven by the cam groove f, cut in the wheel R. (Fig. 2), in which a pin g,
set in the end of the arm S, which is attached to the rock shaft T, operates,
the wheel R being attached to and deriving its motion from the shaft E,
before described. On the rock shaft T is arranged a curved arm U, rising
up to a point underneath the bed, and to the top of the said arm is hinged
a horizontal connecting rod or bar V, which has its other end binged to a
projection W on the front end of the frisket; the whole being so arranged,
that as the shaft T is rocked by the operation of the cam groove, pin, &c., the
frisket runs forward, remains stationary, and then returns and remains
stationary at suitable intervals for each successive operation which it has
to perform.
The carriage P for carrying the inking rollers Q is moved by the cam
groove X, cut in the wheel Y (Fig. 1), which is placed on the opposite end
of the shaft E from that of the wheel which moves the frisket. There is a
smill pin h, which is attached to an arm on the shaft Z, which runs in the said
cam groove X, and which gives to the shaft a rocking motion. On the shaft Z
is arranged a curved arm i, which is attached to a bar j, connected with the
carriage P, and which moves the said carriage back and forth at proper
intervals, it moving much slower than the carriage to which the frisket is
attached, but with such relative motion as not to interfere at any time with
the motions or functions of each other. The rock shafts T and Z for operating
the two carriages are in a line with each other, and have their outer bearings
in the frame of the press; and where they meet, one shaft may have a step
cut therein, and the other a journal to fit into the step, so that they shall
support each other. They may, however, have separate bearings in the centre
of the press.
It has been universally the custom heretofore for the operator in laying on
the sheets to be printed to let go of the sheet with one of his hands, whilst
with the other he reaches forward to put down the sheet on the points which

page_text: register it for the printing on the reverse side; and in the pointing of very
large sheets it required two persons to do this duty, one on each side of the
press. I accomplish this by an automatic movement, whilst the operator may
use both his hands to guide and control the sheets.
I arrange across the top of the press a hollow shaft or tube k, from which
projects two curved hollow arms 1, 2, turned down at their extreme ends, so as
to stand immediately over the registering points m (Fig. 6), and finished with
trumpet mouths n, n. To one end of this hollow shaft is attached a lever A'
(Fig. 1), which is hinged near its middle to the frame by a pin or screw o,
upon which it may swing. Upon the lower end of the lever A' is a cam
projection, which rests upon the periphery of the wheel Y, and is kept there
by a helical spring p whilst the said wheel rotates; and in the said wheel is
cut a depression q, into which the lever is drawn by the spring p, when they
come opposite to each other; this throws the upper end of the lever forward,
bringing the arms 1, 1, down upon the paper, pressing it on to the points, after
which they immediately rise, and the points fall back through the paper table
until required for the succeeding operation.
I have described the shaft k and arms 1, 1, as being hollow. It is not
necessary for the pointing or registering of the sheets that they should be so,
as they would accomplish the same result if solid. But for the purpose of
placing the sheet properly on the registering points m for the impression on
the last side, I cause these parts to perform another operation. As above
stated, in regard to the first placing of the sheet the same difficulty is
encountered in placing the sheet on the points for the impression on the
opposite side, (viz.) the operator after placing the sheet near its proper position
must let go with one hand, whilst with the other he feels for and presses the
sheet on to the registering points; and, as in the former case, when the sheets
are large, it requires two persons to perform this duty. By this arrangement
1 cause this operation to be performed automatically whilst the operator holds
and controls the sheet with both hands, as follows:-I fix up a small air
pump B' in such a position as to be operated by any of the moving parts of
the press, and attach thereto a flexible or other tube C', which connects with
the hollow shaft k, before described. The notion of the pump may be so
regulated, that when the operator places the sheet near its precise position the
5 blast of air through the tube C', shaft k, and hollow arms l, l, will gently press
the sheet against the points m, whilst the operator can perceive the break of
the paper over the point, and moves the previously made register to fit the
said point, and where it comes over the point the blast will press it down in

page_text: its proper place. If found expedient, but one of thesc arms l may be used for
this purpose, for when one of the registers is in place, the sheet may be readily
swung around by hand and placed on the other, the first one acting as a guide
for the other. It might be proper here to state, that when the first side is
being printed, the blast is shut off by a stop-cock or otherwise, it not being
required; and when the second or reverse side is being printed, the blast is let
on, and the helical spring p attached to the lever A' should be loosened, or the
lever otherwise thrown out of gear, so that the shaft k and arms 1, 1, may
remain stationary.
On the shaft G¹
The points m are made adjustable by passing them through a friction plate
underneath the paper table, as shewn in Fig. 6, so that if the paper should
shrink irregularly on either of its sides after being moistened, and when
printing the reverse side, the operator may adjust the point to the register and
still do perfect work. They are also caused to rise up and sink down at
proper intervals by the rising and falling of the hinged part of the paper
table, as follows:-On the inside face of the wheel R, (Figs. 2 and 4,) is
placed a pint (shown in dotted lines), which, as the wheel rotates, comes in
contact with the curved lever D', which is hung to the frame by a pin s. The
upper end of the lever D' is rounded off, and fits into and forms a toggle joint
with the branched end of a vibrating arm E', which carries two cam pro-
jections u, v, one of which, u, passes underneath the hinged portion r of the
paper table and raises it up. On the end of the hinged portion r is an arm w,
(Fig. 1,) which passes into an eye in the end of an arm F, which is attached
to a shaft G', (Fig. 4,) passing underneath the paper table.
are placed two arms H', II', Fig. 4, (also shewn in section at Fig. 6,) which
carry the registering points m. The arm F and the arms H, H, being
attached to the same shaft and about parallel with each other, their motions
correspond with the rising and falling of the hinged portion, bringing the
points up to mark the register, and then immediately falling, to allow the sheet
to be drawn in by the nippers; there is also on the shaft G₁a projection a,
(Figs. 4 and 6,) which comes up against the under side of the paper table,
and prevents the hinged part 1 from falling too low. The cam projection von
the vibrating arm E' is arranged for the purpose of raising up the nippers
y, y, (Figs. 1, 5, and 6.) which is accomplished as follows:-The nippers are
permanently fixed on a rock shaft z, around which is coiled a helical spring a¹,
(Fig. 5), and which shaft is attached to the rear of and travels with the frisket
carriage. On the end of the rock shaft is placed a cam projection b¹,
(Figs. 2 and 5,) which as the frisket runs forward catches on the cam pro-

page_text: jection v, and by it is raised up, rotating the shaft z, and raising the fingers or
nippers y, y, upon it, and also winding up the spring at. The nippers protrude
through openings on the stationary paper gauge c', which is attached to the
platen, and when the pint (Fig. 2) strikes the bent lever D', which throws
forward the upper part of the arm II', it lowers the cams u, v, on the said
arm, allowing the hinged portion r of the paper table to fall and let down
the end of the sheet on to the frisket, which runs before resting against the
stationary paper gauge c'; and the moment the end of the sheet drops, the
nippers, which were before held up by the cam v, are drawn down by the un-
coiling of the spring a' on the shaft, for the purpose of seizing the end of
the sheet and holding it on the frisket; the sheet is drawn immediately under
the platen and over the form to be printed.
The method of delivering the sheet from the press is as follows:-At the
front, or that end of the press from which the sheets are fed or carried on to
the form to be printed, and underneath the paper table, I arrange in proper
bearings a hollow shaft J', which is connected by a flexible tube K' with tho
air pump B', and on the said shaft J' I arrange one, two, or more curved
hollow arms with concave terminations d'; to this shaft I attach a cord and
helical spring e and a drum or pulley L', around which is passed and secured
by one end an elastic band, the other end of which is attached to the lever i,
which operates the carriage carrying the inking rollers. When the inking
rollers are drawn forward to ink the form, which takes the strain off from the
cord f¹, the helical spring e', which is then drawn out, contracts, rotating the
shaft J', which brings the arms & with their cups or concaves inverted upon
the sheet lying upon the frisket at this precise moment. The movement of
the air pump is so timed as to exhaust the air from the cups, and the sheet is
held by atmospheric pressure against them. The frisket and inking rollers
also then move back, and by unwinding the cord f from the pulley L' it
turns the shaft, causing the arms & to perform half a revolution, carrying the
sheet with them until near the termination of their movement, when the air
pump reverses, and the sheet is released and laid upon a table with the printed
side up (it having been turned over in its passage) ready for being printed
on the reverse side. The helical spring having been drawn out by this move-
ment is again ready as soon as the shaft is released by the cord to perform
the next similar operation. The sheet is thus delivered printed at the same
end of the press and underneath the table from where it was fed in, the
hinged portion of the table then up admitting of the frisket freely passing
underneath it.

page_text: On the shaft E (Fig. 6) are arranged the projections or lugs g', through
which pass an adjustable alternately concentric and excentric shaft h', the
excentric portions of which rest in lugs g', and the concentric portions form
with the arms J, before described, a loose toggle joint, when the impression is
to be taken, and as soon as taken the toggle joint is separated, and the bed is
free to sink gradually with the helical springs a, a. The shaft h' carries an
arm, provided with a set screw k', which may be turned and screwed into
either of the holes 1, 2, 3, &c. in the wheel D, as it may be required to
adjust or regulate the form or bed to the platen or the platen to the bed, as
the case may be, the object being to increase or diminish the between
them. It will be perceived that by turning the shaft, the excentric portions of
which only are in the bearings, the portion of it which forms with the armis J
the toggle may be raised or lowered, so as to adjust the bed carrying the
form.
space
There is a cord and weight M' attached to the arms J, so that the moment
the shaft leaves the rounded ends of these arms, they are immediately drawn
out of the way sufficiently far to allow the bed to come down and remain in
the exact proper position to be again caught by the shaft h' when it comes
round for the next operation. Just before the shaft and arm separate, the
weight of the bed is taken from them by a friction roller m', which is attached
to a projection on the bottom of the bed, and which roller is caught on or
by a cam N¹ on the cog wheel D, and as it continues to turn the whole weight
of the bed is let on to the springs, as before described. There is also attached
to the arms J a rod n³, which is fastened by its other end to a crank shaft o¹,
placed in a convenient position for the operator, the said shaft having a foot-
piece p¹ upon its end, so that in case of accident, or if the sheets should not
properly run in or out, by stepping upon the foot-piece the arms J will be
swung or thrown so far forward as not to be caught by the shaft h¹, and
consequently the impression is thrown off.
On the oxtreme end of the shaft A, which carries the fly wheel, I arrange
a cog wheel Q', which gcars into a spur wheel R¹, placed on one end of the
axle of the distributing roller S', the other end of the said axle being
provided with a double screw p", into which works a stationary pin for
giving the requisite endway motion to the roller, at the same time that it
receives a rotary motion from the cogged gearing Q' and R¹.
The roller S' is supplied with ink by the small roller T', which is hung in
spring arms q, and which said small roller is forced back against the grooved
roller U in the ink trough V₁ by means of the carriage P, which strikes

page_text: against pins on each of the spring arms q', carrying back the roller T"
against the roller U, which at that precise moment rotates sufficiently to
supply the necessary quantity of ink; and when the carriage runs forward
over the form, the spring arms being released, carry the roller T' against the
roller S', furnishing it with ink, which in turn is transmitted to the inking
rollers Q in the carriage P. The roller U¹ in the ink trough may have upon
its face a series of small grooves, and an adjustable scraper s' is so arranged in
the trough as to scrape off all the ink from the roller U¹ except so much as
shall be contained in the grooves, which gives a smooth even quantity, and can
be readily adjusted to any desired supply. It will be obvious, that instead of
the grooves in the roller U, the scraper s¹ may be provided on its edge with
fine teeth, which will scrape off the ink, leaving only so much on the roller as
shall pass between the said teeth.
The supply of ink carried up from the ink trough is regulated by the
amount of rotary motion given to the roller U, which should be so arranged
as to be convenient to the operator, and so that he may regulate it as the
impressions may seem to require, and for this purpose I arrange as follows:-
At that part of the press where the operator stands I arrange a hand lever W',
through which is passed the end of a rod t', which extends towards the rear of
the press, and to its end is attached a strap or cord u', which passes around a
pulley X', arranged on the end of the wheel U¹, which works in the ink
trough. On the periphery of the said pulley X (a groove being cut in its
centre for the strap or cord to work in) is cut a notch, into which plays a
pawle v', attached to the said strap, there being on the end of the strap a
weight Y', which whenever the strap is loosened draws forward the pawle
on to the notch. On the wheel Y (Fig. 1) is attached an arm 2, which is
fastcued to one arm of the bent lever w¹ fixed on the frame, and through the
other arm of the bent lever w' passes the rod t, it being provided with a
stop a, against which the arm comes. As the bent lever is vibrated by the
rotation of the wheel Y and arm, the roller U¹ is moved periodically in one
direction, the pawle slipping back by the weight attached to the strap, as before
described. By moving the hand lever W¹ to the left, it brings the stop a¹ on
the rod t farther from the bent lever, and consequently it does not rotate the
roller U so much. By this arrangement of parts the operator may adjust at
each impression, so as to get the precise quantity of ink required.
There are many of the details of this press which I have not described; for
instance, the parts for operating the air pump, the method of putting on and
adjusting the platen, and others, which would make the description unne-

page_text: cessarily long, but all those parts are clearly shewn in the Drawing, and may
be varied to suit circumstances. I have, however, shewn one method of per-
forming each and every operation, and may alter them for better arrangements
so long as I retain the general principles of this Invention.
Having thus fully described the Invention, what I claim therein as new, and
desire to secure by Letters Patent, is, so hanging or balancing the bed which
holds the form and moves up and down for cach impression upon springs, as
that its own weight shall compress the springs to a great extent, and the entire
compression of them be completed by drawing the bed further down whilst
in motion, and so that the clasticity of the springs when the bed is to riso
will raise it up to the extent of their power, and the upward motion be com-
pleted by a separate arrangement whilst in motion, for the purpose of relieving
the machine from overcoming the inertia in moving the bed from a state of
rest, the power to complete its motion being applied near the termination of its
movement, substantially as described.
I also claim the arranging of the frisket and the inking rollers in separate
carriages moving on the same ways with such relative velocities as not to
interfere with each other, and so that the frisket may carry off and bring back
the sheet quickly, whilst the inking rollers may travel more slowly and do more
perfect work, substantially as described.
I also claim the pointing of the sheet whilst being prepared for receiving
the first impression by an automatic movement attached to some moving
portion of the press, and so that the operator may use both his hands in guiding
and controlling the sheet.
I also claim the application of a blast of air, or its equivalent, for the purpose
of forcing the sheets upon the registering points when the paper is being
prepared for the reversed impression, so that the operator may use both his
hands in guiding and controlling the sheet.
I also claim the removing of the sheet from the frisket or from the press
by means of atmospheric pressure applied in the manner herein described, or
its equivalent, for the purpose of turning over the sheet in its delivery, sub-
stantially as described.
I also claim making the registering points adjustable in the paper tables by
passing it through a friction plate secured between two plates, and so that it
may be moved in any direction by a slight tap for the purpose of allowing for
the unequal shrinking or drying of the paper, or of any movement of the
form after the first impression is taken, substantially as described.
I also claim the combination of the open toggle and adjustable excentric

page_text: shaft or pin which operate the bed for the purpose of regulating the impression
by increasing or diminishing the distance between the bed and platen,
substantially as described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Alfred Vincent Newton, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, the Twenty-eighth day of August, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-five.
Witness,
J. W. MOFFATT,
66, Chancery Lane.
A. V. NEWTON. (L.S.)