Improvements in the Construction of Metal Fencing.
Year: 1893

page_text: Date of Application, 14th Nov., 1893
Complete Specification, Left, 14th Aug., 1894-Accepted, 22nd Sept.. 1894
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Construction of Metal Fencing.
We, SAMUEL BAYLISS, of the Firm of Bayliss Jones and Bayliss, of Victoria
Works, Wolverhampton in the County of Stafford, Fencing Manufacturers, and
HENRY THOMAS HOWELL, of the same address, Foreman in the employment of
the said firm, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
This invention relates, specially, to fencing of the character described in the
Patent Specification No. 11,200 of 1885, and of the character of the fencing
described in Patent Specification No. 2442 of 1891 in which vertical round bars
formed with lugs which are passed through notches in the horizontal bars are
capable of being turned within the horizontal bars; and in such relation has for
its main object improved means for ensuring that the lower horizontal bar will be
supported from one or more of the vertical bars.
In the case of the fencing described in Patent Specification No. 11,200 of 1885,
one or more (or even all) of the vertical bars is, according to this invention,
necked down at each part thereof which is intended to be within. a horizontal bar
when the fencing is put together, each neck being, preferably, somewhat longer
than the thickness of the bar through which it passes to ensure the flexibility of
the fence. The hole or holes through a lower horizontal bar which is or are to
receive the vertical bar or bars necked as above described is or are punched,
preferably, anglewise to the other holes through such horizontal bar, so that when
the vertical bars have been put into place within the horizontal bars, and the bar
or bars necked as above described have been turned axially, such last mentioned
bar or bars present the same appearance outwards as the other bars. If all the
vertical bars are necked as above described all the holes through the lower
horizontal bar, are punched in the same relative position to, the sides of the
horizontal bar. The collars or shoulders formed at each end of each neck are
thus, when the vertical bar or bars, necked as described, has or have been passed
through the horizontal bars and turned a certain distance axially (such as an eighth
for a square section), brought, respectively, over and under each horizontal bar;
and if the vertical bar or bars can be maintained in the position into which it or
they have been turned, the lower horizontal bar will of course be supported
thereby. For the purpose of holding a bar, uecked as above described, in the
position.into which it has been, turned as aforesaid, a key, conveniently formed as
a flat piece of metal. having an opening through, one end of the sectional shape, of
a bar, is passed over the end of the bar before the lower. horizontal is pushed up
into place, or is passed over the end of the bar after the lower.horizontal has been
put into place, or in some cases it may be passed over the top of the bar so as to
lie upon the top horizontal; and, in either case the key is fixed, at its other end to
one of the horizontal bars after the vertical bar has been turned into its desired
position, and, the vertical bar is thus securely held from. turning out of such
position. Instead of forming the key with one end to fit over the bar, it may have
such end simply formed to fit around, an, angle of the bar, or otherwise around a
sufficient portion of the bar to prevent it from turning when the key is fixed, or
against a flat side of the bar for such purpose. The portion of a leg which is

page_text: bolted direct to a lower horizontal may have its outer end shaped to act as a key
for the purpose above described. In lieu of a single key for each bar which is to
be prevented from turning, a flat bar may be used punched to fit over the ends of
two or more vertical bars, and be bolted to the upper or lower horizontal as the
case may be, and thus such bar or multiple key may be used to prevent any desired
number of vertical bars from turning. A key may be formed, also, by punching a
metal tongue outwards from either of the horizontal bars, the outer end of which
is shaped to fit against or partially around a vertical bar when the same is turned
into the position required to support the lower horizontal bar, the tongue being
hammered or pressed down to bring its end up against or partially around the
vertical bar and thus prevent such bar from turning.
The means above described for preventing a vertical bar from turning in the
horizontal bars may be applied, also, in the case of the vertical bars described in
the said Patent Specification No. 2442 of 1891 which are formed with lugs which
are passed through notches in the lower horizontal bar and are then in position
below such bar, the said vertical bars being turned within the horizontal bars to
bring the lugs clear of the notches. The keys are in this case, of course, formed
at their outer ends, or a multiple key is formed at the parts thereof which pass
over the vertical bars, to suit the special sectional shape into which the portions of
the round bars have been transformed for the purpose described in such
Specification. According to a modification of this part of the invention, the
round vertical bars may be formed with collars to come below the lower horizontal
bar, and with lugs which are passed up through notches in the top horizontal bar,
the keys being used in combination with the lugs on the upper side of the top
horizontal.
Keys of the character above described may be employed generally for preventing
fencing bars from turning in other bars through which they pass, portions of such
former bars being of a shape to prevent them turning when engaged with
the keys.
.
Dated the 18th day of November 1893.
STEPHEN WATKINS,
Wolverhampton, Agent for the Applicants.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Construction of Metal Fencing.
We, SAMUEL BAYLISS, of the Firm of Bayliss Jones and Bayliss, of Victoria
Works, Wolverhampton in the County of Stafford, Fencing Manufacturers, and
HENRY THOMAS HOWELL, of the same address, Foreman in the employment of
the said firm, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement:-
This invention relates, specially, to fencing of the character described in the
Patent Specification No. 11200 of 1885 in which the vertical bars are square in
section (or of other section having diameters of different lengths), and of the
character of the fencing described in Patent Specification No. 2442 of 1891 in
which vertical round bars formed with lugs which are passed through notches in
the horizontal bars are capable of being turned within the horizontal bars; and
in such relation has for its main object improved meaus for ensuring that the upper
and lower horizontal bars will be securely locked together by the vertical bars
and thus their parallelism be maintained, or for ensuring that the lower horizontal
bar will be supported from the upper or vice versa.
In the case of the fencing in which the vertical bars are square in section (or of
other section having diameters of different lengths) described in Patent Specification

page_text: No. 11,200 of 1885, one or more (or even all) of the vertical bars is, according to
this invention, necked down at each part thereof which is intended to be within a
horizontal bar when the fencing is put together. When the vertical bar or bars,
necked as described, has or have been passed through the horizontal bars and
turned a certain distance axially (such as an eighth of a revolution for a square
section), the collars or shoulders formed at each end of each neck are thus brought,
respectively, over and under each horizontal bar; and if the vertical bar or bars
can be maintained in the position into which it or they have been turned, the
horizontal bars will, of course, be securely locked together by the vertical bars
and their parallelism thus maintained, without the use of cross pins for such
purpose which require holes to be drilled through the vertical bars. This purpose
inay be accomplished by any convenient means, such as by a key driven in between
a neck and the side of the hole in the horizontal bar through which it passes. A
method, however, which is preferred for the purpose, and which constitutes a
feature of this invention, consists in the use of a key which is conveniently formed
as a flat piece of metal having an opening through one end of the sectional shape
of the bar, and which is passed over the end of the bar before the lower horizontal
is pushed up into place, or is passed over the end of the bar after the lower
horizontal has been put into place; or in some cases the key may be passed over
the top of a bar so as to lie upon the top horizontal; and in either case the key is
fixed to one of the horizontal bars.
A convenient means, according to this invention, of preventing a vertical bar
necked as above described from turning within a horizontal is illustrated (by way
of example), in sectional elevation, by Figure 1, and in plan by Figure 2, of the
drawings herewith. A is a short length of horizontal bar (conveniently the bottom
horizontal) which is shewn to its full width towards the right-hand end of Figure 1,
but as cut longitudinally through the middle for the remainder of its length in such
figure. B is a square vertical bar which is necked down at each portion thereof
which passes through a horizontal bar; so that it may be readily turned axially
within the holes through which it passes in the horizontal bars. The lower end of
the vertical bar B only is shewn, for convenience of illustration. Each neck may
be formed similarly to the neck a, that is to say, by cutting off the corners of the
angles sufficiently to allow of the neck being turned within the square hole through
which the main section of the bar is just an easy fit. Each neck should be,
preferably, somewhat longer than the thickness of the portion of the bar through
which it passes, to ensure the flexibility of the fence. When the vertical bar B
has been passed through the square hole 6 formed therefor in the horizontal bar A,
and through a corresponding hole or holes in the upper horizontal bar or bars so
that the necks a are within the holes in the respective horizontal bars, and the
vertical bar has been turned axially to bring the shoulders of the necks respectively
above and below the respective horizontal bars, the vertical bar is prevented from
turning axially by means of the key C which is shewn in longitudinal section by
Figure 1 and in plan by Figure 2. This key C has a square hole c through it by
which it is passed up over the bar, and has a hole through its outer end by means of
which it is fixed by a bolt (or rivet) d to the horizontal bar. When the key is
fixed to the upper side of the lower horizontal bar, as shewn, it must of course be
passed over the vertical bar B before such bar is in position within the horizontal
bars. When the key C is formed of thin plate, as is convenient, it is, preferably,
cambered up somewhat around the hole through which the bar passes, so as to
ensure that the upper shoulders of the neck a cannot be lifted above the top of
the key. The leg D for supporting the lower horizontal bar A from the ground,
or from a plate let into or bearing upon the ground, may be formed with a screwed
end which is passed up through the bar A and through the key C and fixed by a
nut which bears upon the key as shewn, whereby both the leg and key are fixed by
the same means of attachment with the horizontal A. When a leg is formed of a
piece of flat bar, or in other manner which makes it convenient, the portion thereof
which passes along the underside of the horizontal bar and is bolted or riveted

page_text: thereto may be formed at its outer end to act as the key to prevent the vertical
bar B from turning.
A vertical bar B₁, not necked where it passes through the lower horizontal A,
but corresponding simply to the said vertical bars described in the said Patent
Specification No. 11,200 of 1885, is shewn as an easy fit within the hole through
which it passes in the horizontal bar A; and such bar consequently does not
lock together the upper and lower horizontal bars. If both the bars B and B¹ are
square in section, and it is desired that they shall both present either one of their
angles or one of their flat sides outwards, the hole must of course be punched
through the horizontal bar A in a different position in relation to the sides of the
bar than the hole e through which the vertical bar B₁ passes.
In such case, if one
of the holes is punched anglewise to the sides of the horizontal bar the other is
punched with two of its sides parallel with the sides of such bar.
Instead of forming the key with one end to fit around the vertical bar, it may
have such end simply formed to fit around an angle of the bar, or otherwise around
a sufficient portion of the bar to prevent it from turning when the key is fixed, or
against a flat side of the bar for such purpose; and it is not, of course, essential
that the key shall be an exact fit around or against the bar; it is necessary only
that it shall be shaped to prevent the bar from turning axially a distance which
would interfere with the purpose for which the key is used.
In lieu of a single key for each bar which is to be prevented from turning, a
multiple key may be used to prevent any desired number of vertical bars from
turning. A convenient form of such a key is illustrated in plan by Figure 3.
The key C is formed with V'd or other shaped notches which engage with the
vertical bars when the key is placed in position and bolted to the horizontal bar A.
If the vertical bars are all to be prevented from turning, the key is formed with a
notch for each such bar; but if only some of the bars are to be prevented from
turning, then it is only for such bars that the notches are required. If the same
key is to be used in respect of bars which are divided from one another by
intermediate bars, then of course the key must be made to pass such intermediate
bars.
A key to prevent a vertical bar, such as B, from turning may be formed by
punching a metal tongue outwards from the horizontal bar, the outer end of which
is shaped to fit against or partially around the vertical bar when the same is turned
into the position required to lock the horizontal bars together, the tongue being
hammered or pressed down to bring its end up against or partially around the
vertical bar and thus prevent such bar from turning. This modification is illustrated
in plan by Figure 4, and in vertical section by Figure 5. is a metal tongue
g
which is punched up out of the horizontal bar A sufficiently to be clear of the
vertical bar B as the same is passed through the hole in the horizontal bar and
turned axially therein. The tongue is shewn to have been hammered back
again so that a notch formed in its front end engages with the angle of the
vertical bar.
Keys such as C above described for preventing vertical bars from turning in the
horizontal bars may be applied, also, in the case of the vertical bars described in
the said Patent Specification No. 2442 of 1891 which are formed with lugs and
which are capable of being turned within the horizontal bars to bring the lugs
clear of notches formed in the openings through which the vertical bars pass. The
keys are in this case, of course, formed at their outer ends, or a multiple key is
formed at the parts thereof which engage with the vertical bars, to suit the
sectional shape into which the portions of the round bars have been transformed
for the purpose described in such Specification. A convenient practical application
of the invention to such vertical bars is illustrated in plan by Figure 6, and in
elevation by Figure 7. The key C, which corresponds to the key C shewn by
Figures 1 and 2, is formed with an opening therethrough to allow of its being
passed over the vertical bar E, and a notch is formed in the side of such opening
w..ich engages with a projection or lug on the side of the vertical bar E.

page_text: In Figures 6 and 7 the key C is shewn to be fixed by means of a bolt i to the top
side of the horizontal bar A which may be either the upper or lower bar as desired,
but such key may of course be fixed to the underside of either horizontal bar.
The modification described with reference to Figures 4 and 5, in which a tongue
of metal y is utilized as a key to prevent the turning of the vertical bar, may be
employed also in the case of the bar E shewn by Figures 6 and 7. When,
however, in such case, a vertical bar is required to lock together an upper and
lower horizontal bar (so as to maintain their parallelism) an extra lug should be
formed upon the vertical bar in position lengthways thereof where the lug is.
formed with which the key engages, as the lug which engages with the key comes
over (or under) the opening which results from the formation of the key.
According to a modification of this invention in relation to vertical round bar
fencing, the vertical bars (or some or any of them) may be formed with collars to
come below the lower horizontal bar, and with lugs which are passed up through
notches in the top horizontal bar, the lugs being used in combination with keys,
such as C, on the upper side of the top horizontal bar. Such an arrangement is
illustrated by Figures 7 and 8 if the bar A Figure 7 is regarded as the top
horizontal and the bar A' as the bottom horizontal. j is the collar formed around
the lower end of the vertical bar E, and assists in supporting the weight of the
lower horizontal bar A¹. No lug, however, projecting from the bar E is required
in position below the top horizontal bar.
Keys such as C, or formed as tongues of metal such as g punched outwards from
a horizontal bar, may be employed generally for preventing fencing bars from
turning in other bars through which they pass, portions of such former bars being
of a shape to prevent them turning when engaged with the keys. Such keys may
therefore be employed to prevent round bars, having heads of a shape which
requires them to be maintained in a fixed position axially, from turning within the
horizontal bars, although such round bars are not required to lock together the
upper and lower horizontal bars or to support the fower horizontal bar from
the upper horizontal bar or vice versú.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what we
claim is :-
1. In vertical-bar fencing having vertical bars which are otherwise capable of
being turned axially within the horizontal bars, the use of keys, such as C, or
formed as tongues of metal, such as g, each punched outwards trom a horizontal
bar, which engage with portions of such vertical bars which are shaped in such
manner that when the keys are engaged therewith such vertical bars are prevented
from turning, substantially as described.
2. In vertical-bar fencing of the character described in said Patent Specification
No. 11200 of 1885 in which the vertical bars are square in section (or of other
section having diameters of different lengths), the combination of the vertical bars
or some of them each formed with a neck at each part thereof which is intended to
be within a horizontal bar when the fencing is put together, with means substantially
as described whereby when such bars have been placed in position within the
horizontal bars and have been turned to lock them vertically therein such vertical
bars are securely prevented from turning axially, substantially as described.
3. In vertical-bar fencing of the character described in said Patent Specification
No. 11200 of 1885 in which the vertical bars are square in section (or of other
section having diameters of different lengths), forming the vertical bars, or some of
them, each with a neck at each part thereof which is intended to be within a
horizontal bar when the fencing is put together, and when such bars have been
placed in position within the horizontal bars and have been turned to lock them
vertically therein, securely preventing such bars from turning axially by the
application thereto of keys, such as C, or formed as tongues of metal, such as g,
each punched outwards from a horizontal bar, substantially as described.

page_text: 4. The improvements in the construction of vertical bar fencing, as herein
described and shown by the drawings herewith:
Dated this 11th day of August 1894.
STEPHEN WATKINS,
Wolverhampton, Agent for the Applicants.