IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS PROVISIONALATION
Year: 1875

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Isaac Brookes, of Birmingham, in the County of
Warwick, Plumber, and William Heppenstall, of Birmingham,
aforesaid, Plumber, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Isaac Brookes and
William Heppenstall at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 31st July 1875.
WC, ISAAC BROOKES, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick,
Plumber, and WILLIAM HEPPENSTALL, of Birmingham, aforesaid,
Plumber, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR SUCKLING OR FEEDING YOUNG ANIMALS," to
be as follows :—
Our said Invention consists of the construction and arrangement
herein-after described of the parts of apparatus for suckling or feeding
young animals, such as pigs, lambs, and calves, by the use of which

page_text: apparatus a great number of young pigs or other young animals may
be simultaneously suckled or fed with great cleanliness, case, and
cconomy.
We will describe the apparatus as constructed for suckling or feeding
young pigs We construct a rectangular box made of metal or some
strong non-metallic material, the said box being provided, by preference,
with a lid In the middle of the said box a cylindrical or other shaped
vessel or reservoir is supported, the said vessel having a conical strainer
at top. In this vessel or reservoir the milk or liquid food with
which the young animals are to be fed is contained. In connection
with the bottom of this reservoir two pipes pass in opposite duections
inside the box, the said pipes running parallel with one of the longer
sides of the said box.
Connected with the supply pipes described are equidistant branch
pipes at right angles thereto, these branch pipes pass through the sides
of the box to the outside thercof, and on their projecting ends mouth
pieces are screwed; these mouth-pieces are provided with heads or flanges,
on which heads or flauges vulcanised india-rubber artificial teats of the
ordinary kind are fixed by expanding the open ends of the said teats
over the said heads or flanges of the mouth-picces There are thus
arranged along the outer side of the apparatus six or other number of
equidistant teats in connection with the supply pipes passing to the
vessel or reservoir containing the milk or other liquid food
The teats are arranged at such a height from the bottom or base of
the apparatus that the young pigs can readily reach and suck the teats
to supply themselves with the liquid food. By the use of the strainer
at the top of the vessel or reservoir solid matter in the milk or liquid
food is prevented from passing to the teats and clogging them.
When the number of animals to be sucked is less than the number of
the teats in the feeding apparatus, those teats not required to be used may
be temporaly removed by unscrewing the mouth-picces, and closing
the brauch pipes by screw caps, or stop-cocks may be used in place of
screw caps.
We do not limit ourselves to the shape of the box in which the vessel
or reservoir containing the milk or liquid food is supported, as the said
box may be made of a circular or other figure.

page_text: When a circular box is used the series of toats and branch pipes may
be arranged in the direction of radii about the milk vessel or reservoir
in the centre of the said box.
When the apparatus is constructed for feeding or suckling lambs or
calves the teats are arranged at such a height on the outside of the
apparatus that the young animals may readily reach them.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Lotters Patent,
filed by the said Isaac Brookes and William Heppenstall in the
Great Scal Patent Office on the 24th January 1876.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, wc, ISAAC
BROOKES, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Plumber, and
WILLIAM HEPPENSTALL, of Birmingham, aforesaid, Plumber, send
greeting.
•
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Thirty-first day of July, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-five, in the thirty-
ninth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto us, the said Isaac Brookes and William Heppenstall,
Her special license that we, the said Isaac Brookes and William
Heppenstall, our executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others
as wc, the said Isaac Brookes and William Heppenstall, our executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no
others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN APPARATUS FOR SUCKLING OR FEEDING YOUNG ANIMALS," upon the condition
(amongst others) that we, the said Isaac Brookes and William
Heppenstall, our executors or administrators, by an instrument in
writing under our or then hands and seals, or under the hand and
seal of one of us or them, should particularly describe and ascertain the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was
to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal

page_text: Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after
the date of the said Letters Patont.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Isaac Brookes, on behalf of myself
and the said William Heppenstall, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement
thereof, that is to say :-
'
Our said Invention consists of the construction and arrangement
herein-after described of the parts of apparatus for suckling or feeding
young animals, such as pigs, lambs, calves, and puppies, by the use of
which apparatus a great number of young pigs or other young animals
may be simultaneously suckled or fed with great cleanliness, ease,
and economy.
We will describe the apparatus as constructed for suckling or feeding
young pigs. We construct a rectangular box made of metal or some
strong non-metallic material, the said box being provided, by preference,
with a lid In the middle of the said box a cylindrical or other shaped
vessel or reservoir is supported, the said vessel having a conical strainer
at top; in this vessel or reservoir the milk or liquid food with which the
young animals are to be fed is contained. In connection with the
bottom of this reservoir two pipes pass in opposite directions inside the
box, the said pipes running parallel with one of the longer sides of
the said box.
Connected with the supply pipes described are equidistant branch
pipes at right angles thereto, these branch pipes pass through the sides
of the box to the outside thereof, and on their projecting ends mouth-
pieces are screwed. These mouth-pieces are provided with heads or
flanges, on which heads or flanges vulcanized india-rubber artificial teats
of the ordinary kind are fixed by expanding the open ends of the said
teats over the said heads or flanges of the mouth-pieces There are
thus arranged along the outer side of the apparatus six or other number
of equidistant teats in connection with the supply pipes passing to the
vessel or reservoir containing the milk or other liquid food
The teals are arranged at such a height from the bottom or base of
the apparatus that the young pigs can readily reach and suck the teats
to supply themselves with the liquid food. By the use of a strainer at

page_text: the top of the vessel or reservoir, solid matter in the milk or liquid food
is prevented from passing to the teats and clogging them.
When the number of animals to be suckled is less than the number
of the teats in the feeding apparatus, those teats not required to be
used may be temporally removed by uncrewing the mouth-pieces, and
closing the branch pipes by screw caps, or stop-cocks may be used in
place of screw caps.
When the apparatus is constructed for feeding or suckling lambs or
calves the teats are arranged at such a height on the outside of the
apparatus that the young animals may readily reach them
Having explained the nature of our Invention we will proceed to
describe with reference to the accompanying Drawings the manner in
which the same is carried into effect
Figure 1 represents in side elevation; Figure 2, in cross section;
Figure 3, in horizontal section partly in plan, and Figure 4, in
end elevation an apparatus for suckling young pigs, the parts of
the said apparatus being constructed and arranged according to our
Invention. The same letters of reference indicate the same parts
a is the body of the apparatus consisting of a rectangular box provided
with a double or folding lid b, b, hinged together at 63, the part of the
lid when shut down closing the top of the said body a, and the part b²,
covering the rows of teats in front of the apparatus; c is the vessel or
reservoir containing the milk or liquid food to be suppled to the pigs or
other animals, and d is the conical strainer situated above and dipping
into the said vessel or reservoir c (sec the cross section, Figure 2). In
connection with the bottom of the vessel or reservoir c, and extending
on each side thereof is a main or supply pipe e provided with a series of
equidistant branch pipes fat right angles thereto. These branch pipes
pass through the box a to the outer side, and on the projecting end of
each branch pipe fa mouth-piece 9² is screwed, the latter being provided
with an india-rubber artificial teat g, the end or mouth of which is
expanded over the head or flange on the said mouth-piece. One of
these mouth-pieces 7* provided with a teat 9 is represented in the
enlarged sectional view, Figure 4ª, the said mouth-piece being screwed
upon the end of the branch pipef projecting from the side of the box.
Or the arrangement for fixing the mouth-piece to the branch pipe, and

page_text: the artificial teat to the mouth-piece represented drawn to a large scale in
section in Figure 5, and in elevation in Figure 6, may be employed
where is the branch pipe, and is the mouth-piece screwed into the
socket on the said branch pipe f. The exterior of the mouth-piece is
notched or jagged, and on the said notched or jagged part the artificial
teat g is placed and fixed by coiling thin wire around it (see Figure 6).
The form of teat represented in Figures 5 and 6 is suitable for suckling
or feeding calves and lambs. The teats g are arranged at such a height
from the bottom of the apparatus a that the young pigs can readily
reach and suck the said teats and supply themselves with the liquid
food For temporarily closing the branch pipes f of the apparatus,
Figures 1, 2, 3, and 4, when the number of animals to be suckled is less
than the number of the teats in the feeding apparatus we remove such of
the mouth-pieces g² as are not required, and substitute therefor screw caps
of a like form, but with unperforated heads; and when we uso the
arrangement represented in Figures 5 and 6, we unscrew the mouth-
pieces and screw in their places plugs of the kind represented in
Figures 7 and 8, and marked k; or in place of the screw caps described
and represented stop-cocks may be connected with the branch pipes ƒ
for controlling and stopping the passage of liquid food through them.
1
The supply or main pipe e passes through the ends of the apparatus,
and the projecting ends are screwed. Upon the said screwed ends are
screw caps 1 for closing them. By removing the screw caps the main
pipe e may be readily cleaned by a brush passed up the said pipe from
the open ends. One end of the pipe e together with its screw cap l
drawn to a larger scale is represented in section in Figure 9
When it is required to shut off the series of teats from the animals,
the double cover or lid b, 62, is shut down as illustrated in Figure 4, the
part 6 closing the top of the apparatus a, and the other part be covering
and concealing the series of teats g, g.
b
Figure 10 represents in side elevation, and Figure 11 in end elevation
an apparatus constructed according to our Invention for suckling
puppies. The said apparatus is constructed in the manner herein-
before described with respect to Figures 1, 2, 3, and 4, but is made
much smaller, and corresponding parts are marked with the same letters
of icference..

page_text: Figure 12 represents in end elevation, and Figure 13 in cross section
an apparatus constructed according to our Invention for suckling lambs,
and Figure 14 represents in end elevation, and Figure 15, in front
elevation, an apparatus constructed according to our Invention for
suckling calves. The box a of the apparatus is in these cases supported
by the uprights or ends m, m, at such a height that the lambs or calves
may readily reach the teats g, g.
The box or apparatus a containing the milk vessel or reservoir c,
strainer d, and main and branch pipes e and has the Figure represented,
and a row of teats 9 is arranged along each side of the apparatus, n, n,
are the doors or covering plates at the sides of the apparatus jointed at
n² to the uprights m, m.
When shut down these doors n, n, enclose the
sides of the apparatus containing the teats, and also the top of the
apparatus as seen in the section, Figure 13. The doors or covering
plates n, n, are held in their open or raised positions by means of the
forked jointed links or catches p, p, on the uprights m, m. One of these
doors is represented raised and held in its raised position by the catch p
in Figure 14 In the apparatus for feeding calves represented in
Figures 14 and 15, divisions q, q, arc fixed between the teats to separate
the calves during the feeding or suckling.
We do not limit ourselves to the shape of the box in which the vessel
or reservoir containing the milk or liquid food is supported, as the said
box may be made of a circular or other figure. When a circular box is
used the series of teats and branch pipes may be arranged in the
direction of radii about the milk vessel or rescrvoir in the centre of
the said box.
Having now described the nature of our Invention and the manner
in which the same is to bo performed, we wish it to be understood that
we do not limit ourselves to the precise details herein described and
illustrated, as the same may be varied without departing from the nature
of our Invention; but we claim as our Invention the improvements in
apparatus for suckling or feeding young animals herein-before described
and illustrated in the accompanying Drawings, that is to say, apparatus
for simultaneously suckling or feeding a great number of young pigs or
other young animals, consisting of a rectangular, circular, or other
shaped box supporting a vessel or reservoir containing milk or other
liquid food, pipes in connection with the said milk vessel or reservoir

page_text: passing to the outside of the apparatus, and conveying the milk or
liquid food to artificial teats arranged along the outer side or sides of or
around the apparatus, substantially as described and illustrated.
In witness whereof, I, the said Isaac Brookes, have hereunto set
my hand and scal, this Twenty-first day of January, in the 5
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-
six.
Witness,
RICHARD SKERRETT,
Olerk to George Shaw,
Birmingham.
ISAAC BROOKES. (L.S.)