Improvements in Apparatus for Ventilating Rooms, Chambers, Buildings, Ships' Cabins, Railway Carriages, and the like.
Year: 1887

page_text: Date of Application, 18th Aug., 1887
• Complete Left, 16th June, 1888
Complete Accepted, 20th July, 1888
Improvements in Apparatus for Ventilating Rooms, Chambers,
Buildings, Ships' Cabins, Railway Carriages, and the like.
I, DE FONBLANQUE PENNEFATHER, of Rumford Street, Liverpool, in the County of
Lancaster Cotton Broker, do hereby declare the nature of my said invention to bo as
follows:--
27
This Invention has for its object the ventilating of rooms, chambers, buildings,
ships cabins, railway carriages and other like or equivalent enclosed, or partially
enclosed spaces generally, by simple means and is more particularly applicable to the
ventilating of rooms of dwelling houses and other buildings, railway carriages, cabins
and like enclosed, or partially enclosed spaces used or occupied by mankind.
In the following description for the sake of simplicity I will particularize the
application of the Invention to buildings, or other enclosed spaces occupied, or used
by mankind.
According to this Invention air is drawn and removed from say a room of a
dwelling house through apertures in a tube or a system of tubes arranged upon, or
These
disposed round, or partially round the walls, at the upper part, of the room.
tubes may also serve for ordinary "picture rods." The apertures in the tube, or tubes
may be provided at certain distances apart, and the air is induced through them, by
internal concentric nozzles, around, or about which the apertures are formed, or
provided. The power required for moving the air, that is for creating a rarefaction
of the air in the tubes, or a pressure within them to cause an in draught through the
aforesaid apertures may be obtained by leading and placing the exit end of the tube
in the chimney of the fire grate; or by leading the exit end outside the room and then
leading it upward outside the house. In the latter case the outside tubo might be
provided with nozzles arranged to cause or intensify the draught. Or such nozzles
may be employed to cause the apparatus to operate conversely with the above;
namely, they may be used to effect the passage of a current of air through the tubes and

page_text: thereby obtain the required in draught through the apertures in the tubes. The inlet
to the tube may be either inside or outside the room. Or in lieu of the above,
suitable artificial means of exhausting the tubes, or forcing air through them may
be used; or air may be allowed to flow naturally through such tubes into a room or
other space.
For ventilating railway carriages and other vehicles, exhausting, or forcing nozzles
or funnels may be used and placed outside such carriages, or vehicles to obtain the
required passage of air through the tubes.
Although I have described this Invention particularly with reference to rooms
of houses and other buildings, railway carriages, cabins and the like enclose:l, or
partially enclosed.spaces used, or occupied by mankind I would have it understood
that I do not confine myself to such uses as it may be used for or applied to
ventilating purposes generally, that is to say, it may be used for removing air or gas
from, or renewing air or gas in any enclosed or partially enclosed spaces, for example,
such as those hereinbefore specified.

page_text: improvements in Apparatus for Ventilating Rooms, Chambers.
Buildings, Ships' Cabins, Railway Carriages, and the like.
1, DE FONBLANQUE PENNEFATHER of 13 Rumford Street, Liverpool, in the County of
Lancaster, Cotton Broker, do hereby declare the nature of my said invention and in
what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement :-
This invention has for its object the ventilating of rooms, chambers, buildings,
ships cabins, railway carriages and other like or equivalent enclosed, or partially
enclosed spaces, generally, by simple means, and is more particularly applicable to
the ventilating of rooms of dwelling houses and other buildings, railway carriages,
cabins and like enclosed spaces used or occupied by mankind.
In the following description for the sake of simplicity, I will particularize the
application of the invention to buildings or other enclosed spaces occupied or used by
mankind.
the room.
According to this invention air is drawn or removed from say a room of a dwelling
house, ship or other structure through apertures or inlets in a tube or a system of tubes
arranged upon, or disposed round, or partially round the walls at the upper part of
These tubes may also serve for ordinary picture rods or mouldings. The
apertures in the tube or tubes may be provided at certain distances apart and the
air is induced through them by internal concentric nozzles or pipes, around or about
which the apertures are formed or provided. The power required for moving the air,
that is for creating a rarefaction of the air in the tubes, or a pressure within them, to
cause an indraught through the aforesaid apertures may be obtained by nozzles or
cowls which effect the passage of a current of air through the tubes and thereby
obtain the required indraught through the apertures in the tubes, and the effect may
be auxiliarated by leading and placing the exit end of the tube in the chimney of
the fire grate, or by leading the exit end outside the room and then leading it upward
outside the house, and providing the outside tube or pipe with a nozzle or cowl. The
inlet and outlet tubes may be either inside or outside the building. In lieu of the
above cowls, suitable artificial means of forcing air through the tubes may be used.
For ventilating railway carriages and other vehicles forcing or exhausting nozzles
or funnels may be used and placed outside such carriages, or vehicles to obtain the
requisite passage of air through the tubes in the manner above set forth.
In order that my invention may be clearly and fully understood I have hereunto
annexed four sheets of Drawings illustrative of my invention, which together with the
description hereinafter given of the invention will be sufficient to enable others skilled
in the art to which it belongs to make and use the same.

page_text: Figure 1 is a sectional view of a three storied building provided with ventilating
apparatus according to my invention and Figure 14 is a detail of a cowl.
Figure 2 is a detail in section showing an air exhausting nozzle according to my
invention.
Figure 3 shows the nozzle in multiple form.
Figure 4 shows the nozzles in multiple form spreading right and left of a main air
supply pipe.
Figure 5 is a plan in section of a centralized nozzle provided for exhausting through
lengths of tributary pipes.
Figure 6 illustrates a nozzle in which the air-exhausted is passed through a
trunk.
Figure 7 shows a railway carriage with my invention applied thereto.
Figure 8 shows the interior of a dwelling room with my invention applied thereto
and in which the picture rods are used to convey air to or from the apparatus.
Figures 9 and 94 are respectively end view in section and elevation of an outside
arrangement of apparatus; and Figure 10 is another outside arrangement of
apparatus.
In
With reference to the Drawings I introduce air to a ventilating apparatus by a
cowl or cowls A, which are kept up in the direction of the wind by vanes a.
connection with a cowl an air main B is provided and traverses the building wherever
desired. From this main, where necessary, branch mains or pipes such as C are led
to the required rooms or places and convey the air and deliver it to exhausting
devices shown in Figures 2 to 6-as hereinafter described. The uptake pipe P of
the apparatus is provided with an exhausting or air extracting cowl Q whose air
outlet, or mouth is kept in a direction away from the wind (see Figure 1).
The devices D are placed in the room as in Figure 1, or outside as in Figure 9
or 10, or other place, and the air in passing through them draws the surrounding air
from the room into the system. Thus they extract air or other gas from the space in
which they are placed, or to which they are attached, which air or gas is then passed
on and ejected to the outside atmosphere or to a chimney or any other suitable outlet
by an exit or outlet pipe or pipes P.
An exhausting device D consists essentially of a nozzle or pipe d, of contracted
area; or of the full pipe area, inserted into a pipe in such a manner that the air in passing
through the nozzle, and entering the pipe in which it is placed, draws air or gas
from the outside atmosphere of the device into such pipe and forces it along to the
outlet. The exhausters shown in the drawings are provided with a case e which holds
each nozzle and its supply and exhaust air pipe together and is provided with air
inlet apertures f. The air to actuate the exhausters D), it will be seen, is brought in
by the collector or cowl A, brought through a length of piping B and passed directly, or
through other pipes, to the nozzles where air is drawn in. It is then, together with
the drawn in air, passed on through outlet pipes to the exit, or it is first passed
through other nozzles and then to the outlet. Or, the converse of the above arrange-
ment may be adopted in which the extracted air is drawn in through the nozzle
and the motor air forced out round such nozzle.
In Figure 2 a single exhauster is shown. Such an exhauster is very suitable for
ventilating rooms, railway carriages and the like as shown in Figures 1. 7. 8. 9. 9A
and 10, but where more than one exhauster is placed on the same line of piping, the
pipes succeeding the first one in the direction of the air blast, must be made of
sufficient size to take the original volume of air introduced, plus the volume
extracted from the room or other space.
Figures 3 and 4 illustrate an arrangement of exhausters shown in Figure 2 in
multiple. These arrangements are particularly applicable where a concentrated
exhaustion effect is desired.

page_text: The exhaust device D shown in Figure 5 is designed to apply to cases where it
is desired to arrange the exhausting device D in any desired position and to lead the
air thereto from any distance by pipes ƒ³.
In Figure 7 the exhauster is arranged upon the rack bar of a railway carriage, and
the bar B is hollow and serves to conduct the air to and from the exhauster D.
A is a cowl which is secured to the side of the carriage and communicates with the
pipe B. Thus by the movement of the carriage, air is forced into the cowl A, and so
to the exhauster D, which acts as described and expels the air drawn into it at the
opposite side of the carriage. At this the exit end-a plate shown in dotted
lines and marked n, is placed a little distance in front of the outlet of the pipe. The
rack bar upon the opposite side of the carriage is used in the same way, but the
cowl A is reversed, so that when the train is travelling in one direction one apparatus
is in operation, and the other practically at rest, whilst, in the opposite direction of
movement the opposite exhaust device is set in action. It must be understood however
that special air tubes may be used for the purpose, or a swivelling cowl may be
employed which changes position with the direction of the wind, or movement of the
carriage as set forth with reference to Figures 1 and 1ª.
Figure 8 illustrates my ventilating apparatus applied to a dwelling room of a house,
where the rods used in the ordinary way for supporting the pictures and other objects
of a room are used as the air supply ducts B, the exhausters D being placed on them
wherever required. The outlet pipes P in this instance are shown passed into the
chimney shaft.
In some cases I prefer to use a single pipe to ventilate a room, by which fresh
air is supplied to the room, and vitiated or hot air and gases are withdrawn from it. To
do this I arrange the pipe at one end or side of a room, but say one end, and I lead
this pipe to the opposite end. At this latter end I place on the pipe one or more
exhausters D, and at the opposite end I allow, by perforations or otherwise, some of
the air to escape from the pipe, but the supply is in such a quantity so as not to reduce
the efficiency of the exhauster or exhausters. On the exhauster inlet orifices, or at other
parts of this arrangement, or any arrangement embodying my invention, I may place
suitable valves or other devices by which the ingress or egress of air to or from the
apparatus may be controlled. If such a valve be placed at the air outlet and closed,
the apparatus would then act as a device for introducing air into a room or other
space, and would thus render it possible to use it either as ventillating apparatus by
extraction of air, or by enforcement, at will. Any known form of device may
be used.
The cowls A and Q shown are of the well known swivelling type, but any known
type may be used so long as the required end is secured. The cowl A may also be
provided with a flap relief valve i (see Figure 1A) by which excessive pressures and
volumes of air and of wind are prevented from being passed through the pipes and
apparatus.
In Figures 9 and 9ª exhausters D are shown applied to the side of a wall and
exhaust air from the room on the opposite side of the wall. The air which actuates the
exhausters is supplied from the air supply pipe B, and the air from the room is drawn
through apertures of formed in a slab e, such slab being the equivalent of the case e of
the exhausters.
This arrangement may also be carried out as in Figure 10, wherein the main air
supply pipe B is carried down outside the building, and one or more exhausters D, of
the nature set forth with reference to Figure 5, are placed thereon, extractor pipes f¹
from the room or rooms or other spaces being led to and entered in the casing e of the
exhausters D. These pipes may be led to any part to be ventilated, where they would
be provided with inlet apertures, through which the air would be drawn from the space
to be ventilated. The outlet pipe P may or may not be provided with an intensefying
cowl Qas in Figure 1, accordingly as circumstances may require.
Valves would also be provided in the pipe B by which the apparatus may be used
as an air extractor or supply device as above specified.

page_text: Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and the manner in which the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is :-
1.. Apparatus for ventilating rooms, buildings, railway carriages, ships cabins or
holds, and the like, comprising an air supply or collecting device, an air supply pipe
or pipes, one or more exhausters such as described, and an air outlet pipe or pipes,
arranged and operating as, or substantially as set forth.
2. In apparatus for ventilating rooms, buildings, railway carriages, ships cabins or
holds, and the like, the combination of a cowl or air collector A, placed outside the
building or other place to be ventilated, one or more exhansters D placed inside or
in connection with the building or other place to be ventilated, and an air outlet pipe
or pipes P, which emit the motor air and the air extracted, into the outside
atmosphere, chimney, or other suitable discharge outlet, and with or without a cowl
for accelerating the out flow of air.
3. The exhauster D consisting of the nozzles d, air supply pipe B, air inlet pipe or
case e having inlets f, and delivery pipe P set forth with reference to Figure 2 of the
Drawings.
4. The exhauster D claimed in claiming clause 3 arranged and constructed
substantially as set forth with reference to Figures 3 and 4 of the Drawings.
5. The exhauster D set forth with reference to Figure 5 of the Drawings,
comprising a nozzle d, air supply pipe B, case e, air inlet pipes f¹ and air delivery
pipe P.
6. The exhauster D as claimed in claiming clause 3 provided with an air inlet
pipe, substantially as set forth with reference to Figure 6 of the Drawings.
7. The railway carriage ventilating apparatus operating substantially as set forth
with reference to Figure 7, comprising one or a plurability of cowls or air collectors A,
supply pipes B, exhausters D, and air outlet pipes P.
8. The arrangement of ventilating exhauster D set forth with reference to
Figures 9, 9 and 10, wherein the exhauster or exhausters is or are placed outside the
space to be ventilated, and operate substantially as described.
9. The application to tubes or conduits used for supporting pictures or other
articles of dwelling rooms, or for supporting racks or the like in railway carriages,
or for equivalent purposes, of an air inlet pipe or pipes, one or more exhausting
devices such as D, and an air outlet pipe or pipes, operating as and for the purposes
set forth.
L
TELL 1
T1000