CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS ON MY FORMER PATENT, DATED THE SECOND DAY OF JULY, ONE THOUSAND EIGHT HUNDRED AND THIRTY-ONE, MAKING THE SAME APPLICABLE TO THE EVAPORATING AND BOILING FLUIDS FOR CERTAIN PURPOSES
Year: 1831

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JACOB
PERKINS, of Fleet Street, in the City of London, Engineer, send greeting.
WHEREAS His present most Excellent Majesty King William the Fourth,
by His Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date at
Westminster, the Twenty-seventh day of August, in the second year of the
reign, did for himself, His heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said Jacob Perkins, His especial licence, full power, sole privilege and
authority, that I, the said Jacob Perkins, my exors, admors, and assigns, or
such others as I, the said Jacob Perkins, my exors, adñiors, or assigns, should
at any time agree with and no others, from time to time and at all times during
the term of years therein mentioned, should and lawfully might make, use, exer-
cise, and vend, within England, Wales, and the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed,
and also in all His Majesty's Colonies and Plantations abroad, my Invention
of "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS ON MY FORMER PATENT, DATED THE SECOND DAY OF
JULY, ONE THOUSAND EIGHT HUNDRED AND THIRTY-ONE, MAKING THE SAME APPLICABLE
TO THE EVAPORATING AND BOILING FLUIDS FOR CERTAIN PURPOSES;" in which said
Letters Patent is contained a proviso that I, the said Jacob Perkins, shall
cause a particular description of the nature of my said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be inrolled in His said Majesty's
High Court of Chancery within six calendar months next and immediately
after the date of the said in part recited Letters Patent, as in and by the same,
reference being thereunto had, will more fully and at large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
Jacob Perkins, do hereby declare the nature of my Invention, and the manner

page_text: in which the same is to be performed, are particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following description thereof, reference being had to the Drawings
hereunto annexed, and to the figures and letters marked thereon; that is to
say:
My improvements on my former Patent consist in the application of certain
apparatus or machines, on the principle herein-after described, for the purposes
of boiling worts, solutions of sugar and salt, or other substances, where the
object may be to obtain a rapid evaporation, or where an agitation to prevent
the burning of any substance held suspended or in solution is desired.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Figure 1 represents a common copper or boiler, such as is used for boiling
the wort in the process of brewing. I will here observe, that when the
operation of boiling worts is performed in an ordinary boiler, it is desirable to
keep the wort continually stirred to prevent the hops or other matters falling
to the bottom of the copper or boiler, and becoming burnt; and in large
breweries this stirring or agitation is caused by means of chains and other
machinery called a "rowser." Now my improvements consist in the applica-
tion of a certain apparatus or machine to the internal part of such copper or
boiler, for the purpose of producing the necessary agitation without any other
mechanical aid, as will be fully described hereafter. The Drawing, Figure 1,
is shown in section, that the construction may clearly be understood, a being
the common copper or boiler, and 6 the furnace and flues. c is an apparatus
placed within the copper or boiler a, leaving a space all round to admit of the
flow of the wort between the apparatus c and the boiler a. The apparatus c
consists of a vessel similarly shaped to the boiler in which it is placed, but it
will be seen that it is open at top and also at bottom; and this apparatus or
vessel c is kept to its position by the small rods or legs d. By this arrange-
ment, when a fire is lighted in the fireplace or furnace, the heat will be given off
to the sides and bottom of the boiler a, and, consequently, the wort which is
in contact with the metal will become heated, and will rise to the surface in
the direction of the arrows, whilst, at the same time, there will be a constant
flow of the wort down the centre of the apparatus to become heated. And thus
will a constant agitation be produced, and the hops and other matters held
suspended in the wort will be continually carried from the bottom upwards
between the two vessels, and thus prevent any settlement taking place at the
bottom of the boiler; and thus will such substances be prevented becoming
burnt, and at the same time the heat will be more quickly taken up by the
fluid.

page_text: Figure 2 represents the section of a teache or boiler, such as is used in the
boiling syrups or solutions of sugar for the purpose of making or refining
sugar. In this Figure a is the boiler; b, the furnace and flues; and c, an
apparatus similar to that described in Figure 1. And a similar action therein
described takes place in this arrangement, by which means the boiling of the
fluid takes place all around the edges of the teache or boiler a, and any scum
which may be created will be driven on the surface into the centre of the boiler
or teache, and may be removed therefrom.
Figure 3 is a section of a salt pan, having my improvements applied thereto;
and Figure 4 is a plan thereof, a being the pan; b, the furnace running the
whole length of the boiler. The flue or bottom of the boiler which is acted on
by the fire is curved as shown in the Drawing; and the two sides of the pan
descend below the fire bars, and thus form pockets or recesses for the deposit
of the crystals of salt as they are formed. c, c, are two curved plates affixed
by the pins d to the upper area of the curved flue, as shown in the Drawing;
and the brine which is in contact with the heated metal of the flue will rise in
the direction of the arrows through the opening e, which is caused by the two
plates c, c, not touching. And by this means there will be a continued flow of
brine between the upper area of the flue and the plate c, c, by which the heat
will be rapidly taken up from the metal and evaporate the aqueous part of the
solution, whilst the crystals of salt formed by such evaporation will be thrown
towards the sides of the pan and fall to the bottom thereof, and may be
removed from time to time as usual. In boiling brine for the manufacture of
salt according to the means heretofore employed, the boilers or pans are
quickly destroyed by the formation of what is called "pan scratch," or "
scale," on the surface of the metal which is acted on by the fire. Now the
object of the plates c is to produce an action similar to that which is produced
by the apparatus c, which has been already described in Figs. 1 and 2, by
which means not only is a rapid evaporation produced by the quick taking up
of the heat, but at the same time the flow of the brine between the flue and
the plates c tend to prevent the settling of any substance on the heated metal,
and to prevent the formation of "pan scratch" or " pan scale."
"pan
Having now described the nature of my Invention, and the manner of per-
forming the same, I would here observe that it will be evident that other
solutions than those above named may be boiled in one or other of the
machines or vessels above described, or in vessels constructed, having my im-
proved apparatus applied thereto, where evaporation and agitation are desired.
And I would have it understood that what I claim as my Invention is, the
applying the apparatus or machines c, as above described, for the purposes of

page_text: boiling worts, solutions of sugar and salt, or other substances, where the object
may be to obtain a rapid evaporation, or where an agitation to prevent the
burning of any substance held suspended or in solution is desired.
In witness whereof, I, the said Jacob Perkins, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Twenty-third day of February, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and thirty-two.