IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR GRINDING, BRUISING, BREAKING, AND CUTTING CEREALS, GRASSES, AND OTHER VEGETABLE SUBSTANCES
Year: 1858

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Waller, of Uddingston, near Glasgow,
Mechanical Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY
FOR GRINDING, BRUISING, BREAKING, AND CUTTING CEREALS, GRASSES, AND
OTHER VEGETABLE SUBSTANCES."
ealed the 8th June 1858, and dated the 19th January 1858.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Waller at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
19th January 1858.
I, WILLIAM, WALLER, of Uddingston, near Glasgow, Mechanical Engineer,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY FOR GRINDING, BRUISING, BREAKING, AND CUTTING CEREALS, GRASSES,
AND OTHER VEGETABLE SUBSTANCES," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists of the use of annularly grooved, recessed, or
corrugated wheels, pulleys, or rotating discs, for the purpose of breaking,
bruizing, cutting, &c., wherein the peripheries or working surfaces of such
wheels, pulleys, or discs, are formed with grooves, recesses, or corrugations,
occupying the usual position of the teeth of gearing wheels. The actual
transverse section of these surfaces may be varied in many ways, always
preserving a species of serration of greater or less acuteness, pitch, or
inclination, & may present external edges with plain even ridges, and furrows
of greater or less acuteness of angle, or the inclined surfaces of such ridges
[Price 8d.]

page_text: and furrows may be continued only for a short distance from their apices, and
then completed by straight lines in the plane of the pulley or otherwise; or,
again, the transverse section may be a regular undulation, or otherwise,
presenting in its length as across the pulley's face a continuous series of
inclines. The sides of discs, wheels, &c., such sides being at right angles with
the shaft, may be treated in this manner, when the two surfaces are geared
together the ridges of one enter the furrows or recesses of the other, and
sufficient lateral connecting pressure is applied to cause the two sets of
opposed inclines to have a good hold or bite upon each other. Such gearing
may consist of parallel, bevil, or skew wheels or rings, with straight or curved
bars, and having curved or rectilinear surfaces formed with two or more
grooves or hollow lines, in such a manner as to present in each case a series of
surfaces inclined in opposite or different directions.
This system of annular inclined gearing I propose to apply for the several
purposes of grinding, crushing, cutting, or breaking agricultural produce, or
for the feeding rollers or pulleys of machines for this purpose, or for driving
the said machines. Also I use these grooved pulleys or rollers as cutters for
cutting or severing hay, chaff, gorse and similar substances; also for forming
rollers for bruising or crushing grain, whereby the two processes may be
performed simultaneously or separately by one or more of the same rollers or
pulleys. This grooved frictional gearing may be used internally as well as
externally, which internal and external gearing may be used either in
combination or separately. Toothed rollers or pulleys may be used in
combination with grooved frictional pulleys or gearing, for the purpose of
cutting straw, hay, &c. These toothed rollers may be used either in com-
bination with the frictional gearing or they may be used alone. Also, I make
up the face of two or more wheels, discs, &c., so as to form a similar surface,
and use them for the several purposes to which I apply the other arrange-
ments of frictional gearing.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said William Waller in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
19th July 1858.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, WILLIAM
WALLER, of Uddingston, near Glasgow, Mechanical Engineer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Nineteenth day of January, in the year of our

page_text: Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-eight, in the twenty-first year of
Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto
me, the said William Wailer, Her special licence that I, the said William
Waller, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I,
the said William Waller, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should
at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times
thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make,
use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVE.
MENT IN MACHINERY
AND CUTTING
FOR GRINDING, BRUISING, BREAKING.
CEREALS, GRABSES, AND OTHER VEGETABLE SUBSTANCES," upon the condition
(amongst others) that I, the said William Waller, my executors .or
administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of
their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature
of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
was to be per-
formed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office
within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said
Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said William Waller, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:
My Invention consists of the use of annularly grooved, recessed, or corru-
gated wheels, pulleys, or rotating discs, for the purpose of bruising, breaking,
and cutting cereals, grasses, and other vegetable substances; the peripheries
or working surfaces of such wheels, pullies, or discs, being formed with
grooves, recesses, or corrugations, occupying the usual position of the teeth of
gearing wheels.
In the Drawings annexed, Figure 1 shews two modifications of the rounded
undulating face; Figures 2, 3, and 4, are three examples of pitch, Figure 2
being an obtuse angle, Figure 3 a right angle, and Figure 4 an acute angle,
but I prefer the acute angle, which is also shewn on Figure 5, the same
applied to bevil wheels, and Figure 6 to mitre wheels. The transverse sections
of these may be varied in many ways, always preserving a a species of
serration of greater or less acuteness, pitch, or inclination, and may present
external edges with plain even ridges and furrows, of greater or less acuteness
of angle, or the inclined surfaces of such ridges and furrows may be continued
only for a short distance from their apices, and then completed by straight
lines in the plane of the pulley or otherwise; or, again, the transverse section

page_text: may be a regular undulation or otherwise, presenting in its length as across
the pulley's face a continuous series of inclines. The sides of discs, wheels,
&c., which sides are at right angles with the shaft, may be treated in this
manner; when the two surfaces are geared together the ridges of one enter the
furrows or recesses of the other, and sufficient lateral connecting pressure is
applied to cause the two sets of opposed inclines to hold or bite upon each
other, when used for cutting, breaking or bruising grasses or other vegetable
matter, or to approach sufficiently near to one another to bruise or break or
crush grain and seeds effectually, and as much or as little as may be required.
Such gearing may consist of parallel, bevil, or skew wheels or rings, with
straight or curved bars, and having curved or rectilinear surfaces formed with
two or more grooves or hollow lines, in such manner as to present a series of
surfaces inclined in opposite or different directions.
This system of annular inclined gearing I propose to apply to the several
purposes of grinding, crushing, cutting, or breaking agricultural produce, or
for the feeding rollers or pulleys of machines for this purpose, or for the feed
rollers of thrashing machines, either constructed as described only, or in
combination with a plain or grooved roller. I use these annularly grooved
pullies or rollers as cutters for cutting, breaking, splitting, or severing hay,
straw, chaff, gorse, flax, and similar substances; also for forming rollers for
bruising or crushing grain, whereby the two processes may be performed
simultaneously or separately by one or more of the same rollers or pulleys.
This grooved frictional gearing may be used internally as well as externally,
which internal and external gearing may be used either in combination or
separately; toothed rollers or pulleys may be used in combination with
grooved frictional pullies or gearing for the purpose of cutting straw, hay, &c.;
these toothed rollers may be used either in combination with the frictional
gearing or alone. I make the face of two or more wheels or discs, so as to
form a similar surface, and use them for the several purposes to which I apply
the other arrangements of frictional gearing.
In using the term frictional gearing, I wish it understood that I do so to
make myself more clearly understood, as having reference to the gearing so
named, and for which Letters Patent were granted to James Robertson, of
Ardrossan, in the County of Ayr, dated the 24th March 1856. I do not
claim as new transmitting power through these wheels, rollers, or pulleys, my
Invention consists simply in the application of wheels, rollers, or pullies as
cutters for hay, straw, and other grasses, and' for the purpose of crushing,
bruising, grinding, or breaking grain, as herein-before described.
Having now described the nature of my said Invention and how the same

page_text: is to be performed, I wish it to be understood that what I claim as new and
of my Invention is,―
1. The use of annularly grooved surfaces for grinding, bruising, crushing,
breaking and cutting cereals, grasses, and other vegetable substances.
2. The use of annularly grooved surfaces, as feed rollers for machines for
similar purposes.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Waller, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Fifteenth day of July, One thousand eight hundred
and fifty-eight.
In the presence of
JOHN THOMSON,
Munedge Cottage,
Uddingston.
WILLIAM WALLER. (L.S.)