A LAMP ON A NEW CONSTRUCTION, AND A NEW METHOD OF USING OIL AND WICK THEREIN
Year: 1812

page_text: СПА
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, GRAHAM
CHAPPELL, of Arnold, in the County of Nottingham, Gentleman, send greeting.
WHEREAS His present Majesty King George the Third, in and by
His Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date at
Westminster, the Twenty-eighth day of April now last past, for Himself, His
heirs and successors, did give and grant unto me, the said Graham Chappell,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, and every of them, by myself and
themselves, or by my and their deputy and deputies, servants or agents, or
such others as I, the said Graham Chappell, my executors, administrators, or
or assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and
at all times thereafter during the term of fourteen years therein expressed,
should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within England,
Wales, and the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, my Invention of "A LAMP ON
A NEW CONSTRUCTION, AND A NEW METHOD OF USING OIL AND WICK THEREIN ;" in
which said Letters Patent there is contained a proviso, obliging me, the said
Graham Chappell, by an instrument in writing under my hand and seal, par-
ticularly to describe and ascertain the nature of my said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, and to cause the same to be inrolled
in His Majesty's High Court of Chancery within two calendar months next
and immediately after the date of the said recited Letters Patent, as in and
by the same, reference being thereto had, will more fully appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
Graham Chappell, do hereby describe and ascertain the nature of my said
Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed and operate, by
the Drawings hereto annexed, and in the following description thereof (that
is to say):-

page_text: The lamp, when put together and used without a cover or cap, and without
any moveable wire handle, and not set upon a pillar or candlestick, is repre-
sented by Figure 1, and consists of the frame a, a, a, a, the jar to contain the
oil b, b, b, b, the buoy or float c, c, the sockett d, d, the wick e, the tube
or chimney f, and the collar g, g. The several parts of the lamp are repre-
sented and described as follows:-
Fig. 2 represents the frame to be made of brass, tin, or other metal or
material.
Fig. 3, the glass jar to go within the frame and contain the oil.
Fig. 4 represents the buoy or float, to be made of cork, or a hollow box of
wood made air-tight, or any light substance with a hole in the centre to admit
the sockett or burner, and covered on the upper surface, in order to prevent all
possibility of the buoy or float being fired, witli a piece of latten or very thin
metallic plate having a similar hole in the centre. Or the bouy or float may
be inade of metal, although cork or wood covered as above mentioned appear
preferable.
Fig. 5, the socket or burner (to hold the wick and to be inserted into the
buoy or float), to be made of clay and burnt, or metal or other material,, with
a shoulder to rest upon the buoy, or float and an opening or openings in the
side for the purpose of admitting the oil more readily. It may be observed
that two considerations seem to point out clay burnt as the best material for
the sockett or burner; the first is, that it is a bad conductor of heat, the
second, the facility of cleaning it by ignition in any common fire.
Fig. 6, the wick, to be made of cotton, rush, or other common material, and
to be inserted into into the socket or burner.
Fig. 7, the tube or chimney of glass, up which the heated air passes.
Fig 8 and 9, different views of a metallic spring collar with holes, through
which a current of cold external air will pass downwards to supply the flame,
and which is to be fixed as a lid upon the frame, and to contain and keep stead-
fast the tube or chimney B in Figure 9, representing the spring, which
placed either at top of bottom.
may be
In Figure 1 it is represented as placed upwards. The oil jar and tube or
chimney may be made either cylindrical, square, or oblong, or other shape at
pleasure; of course the shapes of the frame and buoy or float must correspond.
In order to prepare the lamp for use, I put into the jar about an ounce and a
half of oil; I then take a wick about three-fourths of an inch in length, and of
a proper size, and passing it through the socket or burner, cut it off so as to
leave from an eighth to a quarter of an inch above the top of the socket or
'burner and touching the wick with the oil light, and having previously put in

page_text: the buoy or float and fixed the tube or chimney over it, I direct the socket or
burner and lighted wick with a pair of forceps down the tube or chimney, and
place the same in the hole made to receive them in the buoy or float, when
(with good oil) the lamp will continue to burn without being snuffed, trimmed,
or supplied with oil or wick from five to ten hours, for as the consumption of
the oil goes on, the buoy or float sinks, and the lower end of the wick being
constantly immersed in oil, draws up the necessary supply. The quantity
of oil consumed in a given time will depend upon the size of the wick. The
wick may be put into the socket or burner and lighted, and both inserted
in the buoy or float previously to the tube or chimney being slided down the
spring collar, but it must be observed, that the lamp will in that case
burn unsteadily and produce smoke, whereas if the tube or chimney is first
adjusted to a proper height from the surface of the buoy or float (which
it must not touch), the flame will be regularly supplied with air, and instantly
become condensed, steady, and brilliant, emitting little or no perceptible smoke.
The lamp may be used either with or without a cap or cover over the tube
or chimney, and either as a candle or lantern; if used as a candle, Figure 1
may be screwed or fastened to a metallic or other pillar; if as a lantern,
a wire handle may be affixed, and should be moveable, in order to admit of
the oil jar being taken out for the purpose of cleaning the lamp, which it
will seldom require, but which may be at all times easily and satisfactorily
done in a few moments by the application of a very little quick lime or
chalk powder.
In witness whereof, I have hereunto set my hand and seal, the Fifteenth
day of June, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred