AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE TREAT- MENT OF YARNS OR THREADS, AND IN THE APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH
Year: 1856

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Pilling, of Oldham, in the County of Lan-
caster, Manager, for the Invention of "AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE TREAT-
MENT OF YARNS OR THREADS, AND IN THE APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH."
Sealed the 21st October 1856, and dated the 29th April 1856.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Pilling at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 29th
April 1856.
I, WILLIAM PILLING, of, Oldham, in the County of Lancaster, Manager, do.
hereby declare,the, nature of my said. Invention for "AN IMPROVEMENT IN
THE TREATMENT OF YARNS OR THREADS, AND IN THE APPARATUS CONNECTED THERE.
WITH," to be as follows:-.
..
In the treatment of yarns or threads, preparatory to doubling or to dyeing,.
or other operations, in which they are submitted to wet processes, my Invention,
consists in exhausting the air, from the, yarns or threads, in order to render
them more susceptible of the liquid with which they are to-be impregnated,.;
and thus to effect complete saturation. The apparatus for effecting this
purpose is as
is as follows: The yarn, &c. to be saturated (which may be either in.
cops, or on bobbins, or loose,) is placed in a suitable metallic vessel which is
capable of being made perfectly air-tight, and the top of which is connected
with an air pump or pumps; the opening in the vessel for! the admission of
the yarn, &c. is then closed, and the air exhausted from within, until a vacuum.
is formed (which is ascertained by means of an indicator suitably arranged)

page_text: the liquid with which they are to be saturated is then admitted into the vessel
until it is full; the liquid will be drawn up the exhaust pipe, thence through
the pump, and returned to the cistern, and the yarn, &c. will be left in the
chamber thoroughly saturated.
The superfluous moisture is then dried from the yarn, either by placing it in
a steam chamber, or by any other ordinary drying apparatus. The operations
of exhausting and saturating may be performed consecutively in the same
vessel or chamber as that of drying, or both operations can be performed in
separate vessels or chambers.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said William Pilling in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
29th October 1856.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
PILLING, of Oldham, in the County of Lancaster, Manager, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-ninth day of April, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-six, in the nineteenth year of Her reign,
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said
William Pilling, Her especial licence that I, the said William Pilling, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said William
Pilling, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during
the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercisc,
and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "AN IMPROVEMENT IN
THE TREATMENT OF YARNS OR THREADS, AND IN THE APPARATUS CONNECTED THERE-
WITH," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said William Pilling,
by an instrument in writing under my hand and seal, should particularly
describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner
the same was to be performed, and cause the sanie to be filed in the Great
Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the
date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that 'I, tho said William Pilling, do hereby declare the
nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed,
to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement
and accompanying Drawings (that is to say):

page_text: In the treatment of yarns or threads preparatory to doubling, or to dyeing, or
other operations, in which they are submitted to wet processes, my Invention
consists in exhausting the air from the yarns or threads, in order to render
them more susceptible of the liquid with which they are to be impregnated, and:
thus to effect complete saturation. The apparatus for effecting this purpose
is as follows:The yarn, &c. to be saturated, (which may be either in cops, or
on bobbins, or loose,) is placed in a suitable metallic vessel which is capable of
being made perfectly air-tight, and the top is connected with an air pump or
pumps; the opening in the vessel for the admission of the yarn, &c. is then
closed, and the air exhausted from within, until a vacuum is formed (which is
ascertained by means of an indicator suitably arranged); the liquid with which
they are to be saturated is then admitted into the vessel until it is full; the
liquid will be drawn up the exhaust pipe, thence through the pump, and
returned to the cistern, and the yarn, &c. will be left in the chamber.
thoroughly saturated; the superfluous moisture is then dried from the yarn,
either by placing it in a steam chamber, or by any other ordinary method of
drying. The operations of exhausting and saturating may be performed con-
secutively in the same vessel or chamber as that of drying, or both operations
can be performed in separate vessels or chambers.
In order that my Invention may be better understood and explained in
detail, I have hereunto attached a Sheet of Drawings, illustrative of the same,
made upon a scale of about one inch and a half to the foot, and having similar
letters of reference placed upon corresponding parts of the apparatus in both
the Figures shewn.
Fig. 1 is a front elevation of the apparatus, shewing the general arrange-
ment and connection of the pumps with the chambers, and also shewing one
chamber open for the reception of yarn, &c., and the other closed, as during
the process of saturation. Fig. 2 is an end view of the apparatus, having the
pumps removed, shewing the situation and connection of the exhaust, feed,
and steam pipes, with the top of the chambers.
In Fig. 1, a, a, is the framing, in which the door b slides for the purpose of
closing or opening of chamber c; when the door b is lowered and the chamber
closed, it is secured by a screw and wheel d, d, in order that a vacuum may be
formed in the chamber. The valve e, connecting or disconnecting the pipe of
the air pump and the "ports" of the chambers, is so applied that an alternate
connection and disconnection of the same shall be effected. A cistern or tank f,
having an outer steam casing f', is provided for the reception and mixing of
the liquid required for saturating the yarn, &c. This tank is in communication

page_text: with a second cistern g; from which the chambers are supplied with liquid
through the pipe g; this cistern placed beneath the openings of the chambers,
and into which the liquid flows when the doors b of the chambers are opened,
some part of the liquid being returned through the pump to the tank fiwhen
the chamber becomes so full as to cause the surcharge to flow through the
said pump...The steam pipe h, for supplying the steam with which the cops
are dried, may be connected to the chambers; as shewn, or applied to a separate
vessel for the same purpose: The pump A is used for exhausting the air from
the chamber through the pipe i, and is in connection with the pump Baby
means. of which the surcharge liquid drawn from the chamber is + returned
through the pipelk either to the cisterng of tank fas may be preferred; a
guage c'is conveniently situated, so as to determine when a sufficient vacuum
is formed in the chambers. The operation of the apparatus will be more
readily understood-on reference to the Drawing, and the following"description
of the working of the said apparatus :-The yarn, cops, &c. to be saturated are
placed in one of the chambers c,, the door b of such chamber is then lowered and
screwed tight by the, wheel and screw. d, d;the-valve e-is then opened, and the
pump A exhausts the air from the closed chamber until the guage c indicates a
vacuum, the tap in the pipe g! is then turned to allow the liquid to fill the
chamber and saturate the yarn, &c., which when the chamber is surcharged is
carried through the air pump A, transferred to the force pump-B, and thence
returns either-to the cistern'g or tank f; when the liquid is seen to issue from
the pipe k, the door. b is opened and the liquid flows into the cistern g; leaving
the cops, &c. thoroughly saturated and the chamber emptied of the liquid. The
door b and valve e are then closed (if it is preferred to dry in the same chamber),
and steam is admitted to the chamber through the steam pipe hiuntil the
yarn, &c. is sufficiently dried; though still retaining a slight dampness requisite
for the succeeding operations of manufacture. This may either be carried <n
alternately, so as to dry in one vessel while the saturating process is done in
the next, or both may be done in separate chambers. The 'liquid or com
position with which the yarns are to be saturated & impregnated, previously to
doubling, consists of curd soap, mutton suet; and' soda, 'mixed in about the
following proportions: say to twelve pounds of curd soap add three pounds of
mutton suet and two pounds of soda slightly; more or less, the whole to be boiled
and used in a liquid state. The treatment of yarns or threads with the above-
named liquid has the 'effect of laying the loose fibres of the yarn, and giving it
'a smooth and even surface..
Having now described the nature and 'object of my said Invention, together

page_text: with the manner of carrying the same into practical effect, I wish it to be
distinctly understood that I claim,—.
First, the general novel construction and arrangement and combination of
apparatus for thoroughly saturating yarns, cops, &c. with liquid preparatory
to doubling, or dyeing, or other operations in which they are submitted to wet
processes, as herein-before described, and set forth, and fully illustrated in the
Drawings attached.
And, secondly, the application and use of the above described mixture or
liquid for the treatment of yarns or threads.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Pilling, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Twenty-eighth day of October, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-six.
WILLIAM PILLING. (L.S.)