IMPROVEMENTS RELATING TO FILTRATION AND APPARATUS THEREFOR"
Year: 1886

page_text: I, HEINRICH STOCKHEIM, of Mannheim, in the Empire of Germany, Manufacturer,
do hereby declare the nature of my invention for "IMPROVEMENTS RELATING TO
FILTRATION AND APPARATUS THEREFOR" to be as follows:-
This invention relates to the filtration of liquids and comprises apparatus which
can be used equally well for filtering one liquid, or for simultaneously filtering two
different liquids, as, by means of a system of tubes arranged within the same, the
two compartments contained in the interior of the apparatus can be connected with
or disconnected from each other so that both compartments form a connected
apparatus or each of them is separated from the other and constitutes an apparatus
in itself. The said invention also comprises an improved process for the production
of the filtering material. .
The said apparatus consists of a receptacle which may be of quadrangular,
cylindrical, round or other suitable form. The interior of this receptacle is divided
into two compartments by a partition in each of which compartments are two or
more filtering bodies arranged between perforated plates or the like and one above
the other. The several filtering bodies are kept separate from one another by
supports placed between them and consist in the main of a material, the method
of producing which will be hereinafter described.
On two covers closing the two compartments towards the exterior, are arranged
studs or projections the number of which corresponds to the size of the apparatus.
These studs at their outer ends are covered with india-rubber, so that when the
covers are pressed upon the apparatus, pressure is simultaneously exerted upon the
filtering bodies for tightening the same, so that the said bodies are firmly held in
the apparatus. The covers are pressed upon the apparatus either by means of
screws or by means of eccentrics and for the purpose of producing a tight joint an
india-rubber ring is inserted between the cover and the casing.
In order that no liquid shall pass between the filtering bodies and the walls of.
the receptacle without passing through the said filtering bodies the upper and
lower perforated plates are surrounded on their peripheries by india-rubber rings,
which, are provided on their inner sides with grooves so that portions of the rings
lap over the edges of the said plates and thus obtain a firm hold on the same.
The apparatus is supported by means of trunnions fastened to a frame, so that
by turning the receptacle half a revolution the lower compartment can be brought
to the top and that situated at the top placed at the bottom.
Upon each of the covers of the apparatus is arranged a tube provided with a
branch tube. At the sides of the apparatus close to the partition are arranged
joint tubes each of which communicates with one compartment.
Now if both compartments are to be used conjointly for filtering, the branch
tube of the lower compartment, and the joint tube of the upper compartment are
connected by a tube or flexible pipe and in the same manner the joint tube of the

page_text: lower compartment and the branch tube of the upper compartment are connected
by a second tube or pipe.. The pipe on the upper cover is now connected with the
receptacle in which the liquid to be filtered is contained. This having been done,
the latter flows through the tube of the upper cover into the upper compartment
and simultaneously through the branch tube, the connected pipe and the joint tube
into the lower compartment, being discharged over the upper filtering bodies. The
liquid having passed through all the filtering bodies, flows from the upper com-
partment through its joint tube and connected pipe to the joint tube on the lower
cover and mixes here with the filtered liquid flowing from the lower compartment,
so that both flow out together.
If two different liquids are to be filtered, the connecting pipes are removed and
the branch tubes are closed by caps screwed over them, whilst the joint tube of the
upper compartment is provided with a discharge tube and the joint pipe of the
lower compartment with an admission pipe. One liquid now enters through.
the tube: on the upper cover into the upper compartment and flows off, after being
filtered, through the joint tube of the said compartment whilst the other liquid
enters through the joint tube of the lower compartment into the latter and after
'being filtered, flows off through the tube on the lower cover.
In this manner two different liquids, for instance white wine and red wine,
can be simultaneously filtered in the same apparatus.
The apparatus itself can, with the exception of. the filtering-bodies be made of
any suitable inaterial, such as wood or metal or both together; and also of any sizes
and shapes, and it has, as compared with other apparatus, the material advantage
of rendering superfluous the installation of a second apparatus in the same room.
With respect to the filtering mass, it must, besides being a good filtering medium,
be of such a nature that the filtered liquid, for instance wine, beer or the like, has
no flavour imparted to it.
The filtering materials heretofore used do not possess this property or at least not
to a sufficient extent, but by the process hereinafter described I obtain a filtering
medium satisfying every requirement.
The mode of production is as follows.
Over two parts of dry, white, ground wood fibre with one part of ground linen
fibre is poured a quantity of water and, soda lye being added, the mixture is boiled
by steam for several hours, whilst the mass is at the same time thoroughly worked
by an agitating device.
After cooling, the water is drawn off, and after frequent cold washings, after
each of which the mass is squeezed out the latter is impregnated with bisulphite
of lime cold water being added and a few hours afterwards with a small quantity
of English sulphuric acid. The whole is now exposed for from one to two days, and
then the chemicals used are removed from the mass by alternately boiling with
steam and washing with cold water.
The mass when finally pressed out is ready for use and is perfectly free from
smell or taste. It is now impregnated with alcohol free from fusel-oil, and placed
> in casks in which condition it is brought into commerce. In this state it keeps
good for a great length of time without undergoing the slightest change.
'
The filtering mass after use, can be purified by repeatedly washing with water
and impregnated with alcohol in cases of long preservation, and be used again; so
that, as compared with the filtering materials heretofore employed, it has, besides
the advantage of being without taste and smell, also that of being capable of longer
use and is consequently more economical.
Dated this Oth day of Innu 1906

page_text: Improvements relating to Filtration and Apparatus, therefor.
I HEINRICH STOCKHEIM of Mannheim in the Empire of Germany do hereby
declare the nature of invention and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-
This invention relates to the filtration of liquids and comprises apparatus which
can be used equally well for filtering one liquid or for simultaneously filtering two
different liquids, as, by means of a system of tubes arranged within the same, the two
compartments contained in the interior of the apparatus can be connected with or
disconnected from each other so that both compartments form a connected
apparatus or each of them is separated from the other and constitutes an apparatus
in itself.
The said invention also comprises an improved process for the production of the
filtering material used in the said apparatus.
In the accompanying drawing
.
Figure 1 is a side elevation of the improved apparatus, and
Figure 2 is a transverse vertical section of the same.
The said apparatus comprises a receptacle B which may be of quadrangular,
cylindrical, round or other suitable form.
The interior of this receptacle is divided by a partition C into two compartments
in each of which are two or more filtering bodies D arranged between perforated
plates or the like and one above the other. .The several filtering bodies are kept
separate from one another by supports S placed between them, and consist in the
main of a material the method of producing which will be hereinafter described.
On the two covers' A closing the two compartments towards the exterior, are
arranged studs or projections K the number of which corresponds to the size of the
apparatus. These studs at their outer ends are provided with india rubber pads
or blocks a so that when the said covers are pressed upon the apparatus pressure
is simultaneously exerted upon the filtering bodies D for tightening the same so
that the said bodies are firmly held in the apparatus. The covers A are pressed
upon the apparatus either by means of screws H shown at the upper side of
Figure 2; or by means of eccentrics F shown at the lower side of the said Figure.
For the purpose of producing a tight joint an india-rubber ring ; is inserted
between each cover and the casing.
In order that no liquid shall pass between the filtering bodies and the walls of
the receptacle without passing through the said filtering bodies, the upper and
lower perforated plates are surrounded on their peripheries by india rubber rings M
which are provided on their inner sides with grooves so that portions of the rings
lap over the edges of the said plates and thus obtain a firm hold on the same as
shown in Figure 2 of the drawing.
The apparatus is supported upon the frame by means of trunnions E, so that by
turning the receptacle balf a revolution the lower compartment can be brought to
the top and that situated at the top placed at the bottom.

page_text: Upon one cover A is arranged the tube P provided with the branch b while the
other cover A is provided with the tube Q having the branch e. At the sides of
the apparatus are arranged the joint tubes c and d the first of which is in
connection with the lower compartment directly below the partition C while the
other dis in communication with the upper compartment directly above the
partition.
Now, if both compartments are to be used conjointly, for filtering, the tubes b
and c are connected by the pipe R, and in the same manner the tubes d and e are
connected by the pipe T. The tube P is now connected with the receptacle in
which the liquid to be filtered is contained. This having been done the latter
flows through the tube.P into the upper compartment and simultaneously through
the branch b the pipe R and the joint tube c into the lower compartment,
being discharged over the upper filtering bodies. The liquid having passed through
all the filtering bodies, flows from the upper compartment through the joint tube d
the pipe T and the branch e on the tube Q where it mixes with the filtered liquid
flowing from the lower compartment, so that both flow out together.
If two different liquids are to be filtered, the connecting pipes R and T are
removed and the branches b and e are tightly closed by caps screwed over them,
whilst the jointing tube d is provided with a discharge tube and the jointing tube c
with an admission pipe. One liquid now enters through the tube P into the upper
compartment and flows off after being filtered, through the joint tube d whilst the
other liquid enters through the joint tube c into the lower compartment, and after
being filtered flows off through the tube Q.
In this manner two different liquids, for instance white wine and red wine can
be simultaneously filtered in the same apparatus.
The apparatus itself can, with the exception of the filtering bodies D be made of
any suitable material such as wood or metal or both together and also of any sizes
and shapes, and it has, as compared with other apparatus, the material advantage
of rendering superfluous the installation of a second apparatus in the same room.
With respect to the filtering mass, it must possess besides being a good filtering
medium, be of such a nature that the filtered liquid, for instance, wine beer or the
like has no flavour imparted to it thereby.
The filtering materials heretofore used do not possess this property or at least
not to a sufficient extent but by the process hereinafter described I obtain a
filtering medium satisfying every requirement.
The method of producing the improved filtering material is as follows.
Over two parts of dry, white ground wood fibre with one part of ground linen
fibre is poured a quantity of water. Soda lye being then added the mixture is
boiled by steam for several hours, whilst the mass is at the same time thoroughly
worked by an agitating device.
When the mass has cooled, the water is drawn off and the said mass is washed
several times in cold water being squeezed out after each washing. At the
termination of this washing operation the mass is impregnated with bisulphite
of line cold water being added and a few hours afterwards with a small quantity
of English sulphuric acid. The whole is now exposed for from one to two days,
and then the chemicals used are removed from the mass by alternately boiling
with steam and washing with cold water.
The mass when finally pressed out is now ready for use and is perfectly free
from smell or taste.
It is now if desired impregnated with alcohol free from fusel-oil, and placed in
casks in which condition it is brought into commerce. In this state it keeps good
for a great length of time without undergoing the slightest change.
The filtering mass after use, can be purified by repeatedly washing it with
water, and after impregnation with alcohol be preserved for future use, so that
as compared with the filtering materials heretofore employed, it has; besides the
advantage of being without taste and smell, also that of being capable of longer
use, and is consequently more economical,

page_text: Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim is:-
First. A duplex filtering apparatus capable of turning upon trunnions E and
divided internally by the partition C into two compartments, which latter by means
of the tubes P, Q, R, T, b, c, d and e can be placed in communication, so that the
entire apparatus can be used for filtering one liquid, the tube P being the common
admission tube, and the tube Q the common discharge tube for both compartments;
or disconnected for filtering different liquids separately, in this case the tube P
being the admission-tube, and the tube & the discharge-tube, for the upper com-
partment, and the tube c the admission-tube and the tube Q the discharge tube,
for the lower compartment.
Second. In filtering apparatus the employment of covers A, to which are
attached the studs or projections Ķ provided with india-rubber pads or blocks a,
by which when the covers are pressed upon the apparatus, pressure is simul-
taneously exerted upon the filtering bodies D whereby the latter are firmly held in
the apparatus.
Third. The improved filtering medium prepared by boiling two parts of wood
fibre and one part of linen fibre in water for several hours, soda lye being added,
and after allowing it to cool for a comparatively long time treating the same with
bisulphite of lime and later with a small quantity of English sulphuric acid, the
mass after repeated cold wasbings and squeezing being impregnated with alcohol
free from fusel oil for the purpose of preserving it.
HASELTINE, LAKE & Co.,
45, Southampton Buildings, London,
Agents for the Applicant.