An Improved Process for the Manufacture of Metal Diso Wheels, and Apparatus therefor.
Year: 1893

page_text: Date of Application, 26th Oct., 1893
Complete Specification Left, 15th May, 1894-Accepted, 16th June, 1894
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
An Improved Process for the Manufacture of Metal Diso Wheels,
and Apparatus therefor.
I, JOHN RONALD GREG of The Lancaster Railway Carriage and Wagon
Company Limited, Lancaster Engineer do hereby declare the nature of this
invention to be as follows:-
1
My invention consists of appliances for performing certain operations upon
heated metal blooms for the purpose of producing what are known as disc wheels
in one piece by a new process of rolling of great value and utility by reason of
the fibre of the metal being caused to run in circular lines or in spiral lines
approximately circular and by reason of the cost of production being reduced.
The process by which I produce the said disc wheels is as follows:-
A circular bloom is formed by the usual method of stamping or moulding having
a central boss of about the desired finished size but with the disc smaller in
diameter than the finished size of the forged wheel and in thickness about equal to
or somewhat larger than the final breadth of the flange and having a suitable
groove sunk round the boss on each side leaving the metal between the grooves
somewhat thicker than the final thickness of the disc. A hole is punched or other-
wise formed in the centre of the boss. This bloom being heated is placed in the
special rolling machine whereby the metal of the disc is reduced in thickness being
"drawn" spirally the bloom being held true on central pivots and revolving
thereon. In this process the disc increases in diameter and this continues until the
desired size is attained when-the proper amount of metal having been allowed in
the bloom-the flange or rim also will be left the desired thickness. By means
of a special appliance for the purpose the usual and desired tapered section is given
to the disc in this operation.
In wheels in which lightness of rim is desired the next operation consists of
squaring down the inside of the rim by means of suitable rollers. The corrugations
whether radial or circular are subsequently produced by the usual process of
stamping or pressing.
The second of the above operations being the first one which I claim as novel is
performed by a machine which constitutes an important part of my invention.
The main frame of this machine consists of two vertical plates connected by
suitable stretchers. The upper horizontal edges of the frames are provided with
slides which carry two moving carriages. The first of these is formed with a jaw
of which the upper member is removable by a suitable hinge which may be
actuated by hydraulic pressure and both members are provided with a vertical
trunnion.
The longitudinal traverse of this carriage is effected by means of a hydraulic
cylinder with a returning as well as an advancing movement. The second carriage
which may be carried on a continuation of the same slides is provided with a
powerful vertical centre bearing or pivot in or on which a narrow roller revolves
freely. This roller is the same width as the final width of the rim of the wheel to
be produced and I call it the draught roller. Its diameter is considerable in
proportion to its width in order to enable it to reach its work while clearing other
portions of the machine. This carriage is provided at its external end with a
powerful setting-up and withdrawing gear operated manually by a screw or by
bydraulic power or by both combined.
Rigidly attached to the main frame at or about the middle of its length are two

page_text: vertical frames with "V" or other slides. For a portion of their length above the
main frame these frames are preferably recessed or "jawed" in form to allow
clearance for large sized discs.
A carriage with double slides one to suit each vertical frame traverses vertically
between them being operated by one or two hydraulic cylinders placed above and
capable of lowering the carriage with great force and raising it with a reduced
power. This carriage is provided with bearings within which a powerful roller
shaft revolves the axis of the shaft being in the same vertical longitudinal plane as
the axis of the trunnions in the first carriage named and the axis of the revolution
of the draught roller. Transversely the axis of the said shaft is in a plane at or
about an angle of 45° with the horizontal plane of the slides on the main frame.
The said bearings of this shaft instead of being formed in the carriage may be in a
block or secondary carriage capable of slight motion and adjustment in the vertical
plane of the axis and in a direction at right angles to its length such adjustment
being obtained by means of a suitable screw operated preferably by worm gear.
The lower projecting end of this shaft is provided with a face-plate or other
suitable means whereby the operating "section roller" is rigidly attached to it.
The said section roller is of a form which constitutes an important part of my
invention. It is strictly a ring of which the flat transverse base is attached to the
aforesaid faceplate being held axially true by a suitable projection entering a
corresponding recess. Externally the form is as follows:-Next to the base a
short length is cylindrical then a frustrum of a cone whose apex is beyond the
lower end of the shaft--next a length is cylindrical terminating with a rounded end
or nose.
The form of the interior of the ring is not of importance but preferably it is
cylindrical and may serve as the aforesaid recess. It must however be of sufficient
diameter to allow clearance for the boss of the bloom and the trunnion jaw when
the operation commences. The exterior of the roller is roughened or cogged
where necessary in the usual manner to give "bite" on the heated metal. I wish
it to be understood that I may modify the exterior form of the "section roller" as
for instance the angle of the conical portion without departing from my invention.
Instead of being a ring a sufficiently deep recess may be formed.
The other end of the shaft carries a suitable beril wheel or other means of
revolving the roller shaft by power.
A similar roller shaft having a similar "section roller" and driving gear is
carried in bearings mounted below the shaft above described at an equal but
opposed angle and whose axis is in the same vertical plane as the one above. The
bearings of this lower shaft are also carried in a block capable of adjustment in a
direction at right angles to their length but no vertical slides are necessary for its
transverse bracket which is rigidly secured to the main frames. I connect the
driving gear of the upper and lower section rollers by suitable bevil gear and
vertical shaft provided with feather keys or other means of allowing for the
vertical movement of the upper shaft and the adjustment of both.
In a modification
of my invention I apply the revolving driving power to the wheel herein described
as the draught roller and allow the section rollers to revolve by friction.
The action is as follows:-The trunnion and draught roller slides being withdrawn
and the upper section roller raised the upper trunnion jaw is opened and the heated
bloom is placed with its central hole upon the lower trunnion which fits it. The
slide is now traversed forward to its working position on attaining which position
the " nose of the lower section roller will enter the before-described lower annular
groove in the bloom. The upper jaw is then closed and wedged in position with
its trunnion also in the central hole of the bloom.
"
The draught roller is now advanced into contact with the periphery of the bloom
and the upper section roller is lowered with pressure upon the bloom, its nose
similarly at commencement entering the upper groove in the bloom.
The section rollers revolving the hydraulic cylinder of the trunnion slide may
if necessary be reversed to cause a tension in the bloom between its centre and the

page_text: two section rollers between which it is gripped by the aforesaid pressure of the
upper roller.
The pressure against the section rollers is augmented by the draught roller being
advanced with force against the bloom by an attendant operating its screw or
hydraulic gear.
The revolution of the cogged section rollers causes the bloom to
revolve on the trunnions and thus the thick disc of the bloom is drawn down to the
desired thickness of the finished disc which is determined by the vertical distance
between the " noses "of the upper and lower section rollers."
"
This distance is governed by a rigid "stop when the section of the discs is
desired to be parallel but when a tapered section is required the said "stop" is
moveable and is controlled by a lever with great purchase or by an eccentric or
similar device movement being given to the lever by its long end-armed preferably
with a friction roller-resting against an adjustable inclined plane or templet which
is attached to and moves with the trunnion sliding carriage. By this means
according to the angle or form of the templet any desired taper or other form of
section can be given to the disc.
I apply a "flash" cutting device which may be attached to this rolling machine
and operate simultaneously or upon a special machine for the purpose. It consists
of a disc wheel pressed against the periphery of the revolving bloom and adjacent
to its point of contact conical sharp edged flash cutters are mounted above and
below and caused to revolve either by the friction of the metal or being
independently driven by power thus severing the flash from the bloom.
When considerable lightness of rim is desired a further operation is necessary and
this is performed in a machine of similar general construction to the one above
described. But in this case the section rollers are mounted at an angle only slightly
removed from perpendicular and are not driven but are free to revolve by friction
with the interior of the rim of the bloom of the disc. The exterior of the rim is in
contact under pressure as before with the draught roller which in this case is
roughened or cogged and revolved by power. The bloom is carried as before upon
the trunnions and a tension can be applied if desired. The form of the section
rollers for this operation is somewhat similar to those previously described but they
are solid instead of being formed as rings and their conical portion is considerably
flatter. The " nose has the desired radius of the inner base of the flange of the
rim of the disc. The large cylindrical portion of the rollers is of a diameter to
allow them to operate in conjunction with the edges of the draught roller as
"flash cutters."
"
During both the above described operations a stream of cold water is caused to
play upon the interior of the central hole in the bloom and upon the trunnions by
any suitable method as for instance by a flexible tube leading to a connection
formed in the trunnion carriage and communicating with a hole formed in the lower
trunnion.
In some cases it becomes necessary to provide vertical supports for the revolving
bloom at one or two or more points and we accomplish this by introducing conical
or bevil rollers carried in suitable bearings in the bloom carriage and running in
rolling contact with the bloom. When it becomes necessary to apply these rollers
above as well as below the bloom they are carried in bearings so arranged as to be
readily removable for taking out and putting in the blooms.
A modification of my invention consists of two or three or more periphery guide
rollers to maintain the bloom in position instead of or as assisting the trunnions
bereinbefore described for this purpose. Such rollers may be flanged and are
carried in suitable bearings mounted on the bloom carriage. As the bloom increases
in diameter it becomes necessary for these guide rollers to recede from the centre
and their respective accuracy of position is secured by their bearings being mounted
in radial or involute slots and controlled by scrolls revolved by the sliding motion
of the carriage actuating rack or link gear or by angular fixed slots carried by the
main frame. With the above arrangement the centre trunnions may be retained or
not. In some cases I allow the roller bearings to slide freely in the slots and

page_text: merely cause a pressure upon them towards the centre by means of suitable springs
or weights. In all cases ready means are provided for withdrawing these rollers
from the centre to insert and remove the bloom. When suitably flanged these
rollers may serve to sustain the bloom instead of the conical rollers above
described.
These modifications are applicable to either or both the above described
machines.
By the above described operations a thin flat circular rimmed and bossed disc
wheel is produced without weldings and if circular or radial corrugations are
desired they are produced by the subsequent and ordinary operations of stamping.
Dated this 25th day of October 1893.
EDGAR CONISTON MILLS,
Agent to the Applicant.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
An Improved Process for the Manufacture of Metal Disc Wheels,
and Apparatus therefor.
I JOHN RONALD GREG of The Lancaster Railway Carriage and Wagon
Company Limited, Lancaster, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
My invention consists of appliances for performing certain operations upon
heated metal blooms for the purpose of producing what are known as disc wheels
in one piece by a new process of rolling of great value and utility by reason of
the fibre of the metal being caused to run in circular lines or in spiral lines
approximately circular and by reason of the cost of production being reduced.
The process by which I produce the said disc wheels is as follows:-
-:
A circular bloom is formed by the usual method of stamping or moulding having
a central boss of about the desired finished size but with the disc smaller in
diameter than the finished size of the forged wheel and in thickness about equal to
or somewhat larger than the final breadth of the flange and having a suitable
groove sunk round the boss on each leaving the metal between the groove some-
what thicker than the final thickness of the disc. A hole is punched or otherwise
formed in the centre of the boss. This bloom being heated is placed in the special
rolling machine whereby the metal of the disc is reduced in thickness being "drawn"
spirally the bloom being held true on central pivots and revolving thereon. In
this process the disc increases in diameter and this continues until the desired size
is attained when, the proper amount of metal having been allowed in the bloom,
the flange or rim also will be left the desired thickness. By means of a special
appliance for the purpose the usual and desired tapered section is given to the disc
in this operation.
In wheels in which lightness of rim is desired the next operation consists of
squaring down the inside of the rim by means of suitable rollers.
The corrugations whether radial or circular are subsequently produced by the
usual process of stamping or pressing.
The secoud of the above operations being the first one which I claim as novel is
performed by a machine which constitutes an important part of my invention, and
in order that it may be better understood I refer to the accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 Sheet 1 is a sectional elevation of the machine.
Fig. 2 is an end view partly in section.
Fig. 3 is a plan view also partly in section.
Figs. 4 to 10 are detached views of certain portions and modifications of my
invention.

page_text: The main frame of the machine consists of two vertical plates A A connected
by suitable stretchers a a. Their upper edges are provided with slides a¹ a¹ which
carry the moving carriages B and C. B is for the purpose of carrying the bloom
and is provided with a pair of vertical trunnions bb the upper one of which is
mounted upon a hinged jaw b' capable of being opened by the rack d engaging
with the pinion d¹ and operated by the hydraulic cylinder D. The roller d² forms
an antifriction guide for the back of the rack d. The longitudinal traverse of the
carriage B is affected by means of a hydraulic cylinder E and piston rod e
provided with a less powerful returning as well as the advancing movement. The
bracket turns upon the pin 62 and moves within the cheeks 63 63 of the bracket B
as seen in plan in Fig. 3. The front end is narrowed as shewn at to enable it
to enter the hollow of the upper section roll F when in its most forward position.
The lower and rigid jaw 65 of the bracket B is similarly formed to enter the lower
section roll F¹.
The carriage C is for the purpose of carrying the following or draught roll G.
It preferably works upon the same slides a¹ as the carriage B and is provided with
a powerful pivot H on which the roll G revolves freely. This roll is the same
width as the final width of the rim of the wheel to be produced. It is of large
diameter in order to reach its work while the boss c clears the bracket K
At its
outer end this carriage is provided with powerful setting up and withdrawing gear
which may be hydraulic or may consist of a screw I taking into a nut c¹ secured to
the carriage C and provided with powerful thrust bearings a² mounted on the
stretcher a. The screw can be operated by hand by means of a lever or hand
wheel placed upon the squared end i¹.
Rigidly attached to the frame A are two vertical frames or brackets J provided
with "V" or other suitable slides j. These brackets J may be recessed to clear
the work as shewn in Fig. 2. may construct the machine with only one
bracket J.
and
A carriage K is mounted upon the slides of the brackets or bracket J and
traverses vertically being operated by one or two hydraulic cylinders L capable of
lowering the carriage with force and raising it with the same or a reduced power.
F is the upper section roll and in the simplest form of my invention its shaft f is
carried direct in bearings formed in the bracket K but in the form illustrated those
bearings are in the block or secondary carriage L' capable of slight movement
and adjustment in the direction of the line 1. 1. such movement being obtained and
regulated by the non-revolving screw the worm wheel nut the worm
the worm shaft 13. The block L' is formed with a head plate and is held in
position by the washer plate 1. The shaft has the mitre or bevil wheel M rigidly
mounted on its upper end and the face plate N is formed on its lower end with the
boss or projection n. The section roll F is a ring truly bored and fitting upon the
boss n and is secured to the face plate by the screws n¹. The angle of the conical
part of the roll F is double the angle of the axis of the roll shaft with the
horizontal so that its lower or working surface is horizontal. The projecting
annular nose is partly cylindrical and is rounded off as shewn. The central
hole or recess in the section roll F is of sufficient size to clear the boss of the
bloom and the trunnion jaw when the operation commences. The working
exterior of the roll is cogged or roughened in the usual manner to give "bite,
the heated metal. In some cases I modify the exterior form of the section roll as
for instance the angle and length of the conical portion and the length of the nose.
A similar roller shaft having a similar section roll F and driving gear is carried
in similar bearings mounted below the work and at an equal but opposed angle as
shewn in Fig. 1 its axis being in the same vertical plane as the upper shaft. The
bearings of this shaft are also carried in a block L² capable of adjustment by the
screw and worm gear 17. The transverse bracket K' however is rigidly secured
to the main frame A. I connect the driving wheels M and M' of the roll shafts by
bevil wheels O O' see Fig. 2, cross shafts P P' carried in brackets 119 which are
extensions of the. blocks or secondary carriages L and L³ respectively, bevil or
"
on

page_text: mitre wheels QQ', wheels R R¹ carried in journals in the same brackets 1 and
keyed to the vertical shaft S by sliding feather keys. The rotary driving motion
for the machine is received from the shaft S which is suitably driven by external
power.
In a modification of my invention I apply the revolving driving power to the roll
herein described as the draught roll G in which case the top and bottom section
rollers F and F are not driven by external power but revolve by frictional contact
with the bloom. This method is also adopted in the machine for performing the
finishing operation on the rim of the discs as hereinafter described with reference
:to Fig. 5.
The action is as follows:-
The trunnion and draught roll carriages B and C being withdrawn and the upper
section roll F raised, the upper trunnion jaw b¹ is opened and the heated bloom is
placed with its central hole upon the lower trunnion 6 which fits it.
The carriage B is now traversed forward to its working position on attaining
which position the nose f' of the lower section roll F will enter the before described
lower annular groove in the bloom. The upper jaw b having been closed but not
wedged down allows the bloom to rise over the said nose of the lower section
roll as it advances. When in position the upper jaw is wedged firmly down with
its trunnion also in the central hole in the bloom.
The draught roll G is now advanced into contact with the periphery with the
bloom and the upper section roll F is lowered with pressure upon the bloom, its
'nose f¹ similarly, at commencement entering the upper groove in the bloom.
The section rolls revolving the bydraulic cylinder E of the trunnion carriage B,
may if necessary be reversed to cause a tension in the bloom between its centre, and
the two section rolls between which it is gripped by the aforesaid pressure of the
upper roll.
The pressure against the section rolls is augmented by the draught roll G being
advanced with force against the bloom by an attendant operating its screw I or
hydraulic gear. The revolution of the cogged section rolls causes the bloom to
revolve on the trunnions, and thus the thick disc of the bloom is drawn down to the
desired thickness of the finished disc, which is determined by the vertical distance
between the noses of the upper and lower section rolls.
This distance is governed by a rigid "stop" when the section of the discs is desired
to be parallel, but when a tapered section is required it is obtained by the following
device. The stop instead of being fixed is movable. It is represented by T shewn
dotted in Fig. 1, and in section in Fig. 2, and is in fact the boss or enlargement on
one end of a short lever rigidly keyed to or formed with the shaft t'. A lever t
equal to T is rigidly keyed on the other end of the shaft, and is connected by the
rod t with the short lever t which is rigidly keyed to the shaft to. This shaft is
similar to t¹ and has the long lever te rigidly keyed to its other end. The outer end
of the lever to is furnished with a friction roll which runs in contact with the
guide or templet U which is secured to and travels with the carriage B. It will
thus be seen that when the upper section roll carriage K comes into contact with
the stop T the roll t will be pressed upward with force against the templet U which
prevents further downward movement of the scction roll F. When however the
rolling operation commences, and the disc or bloom as previously explained enlarges
in diameter the carriage B traverses proportionately, and thus the incline on the
templet U allows the roll t' to rise and the section roll F to descend. Thus the
noses of the section rolls approach and the disc is reduced in thickness. By making
any portion of the templet U horizontal a corresponding parallel portion of the disc
is rolled, and by forming U in suitable waves corresponding annular thicker and
thinner portions of the disc are produced. I do not confine myself to the special
levers, shafts and connecting link herein described but use any suitable and known
mechanism such as eccentrics or cams which can be applied in the available space
in the various forms of the machine and operating to convey the movement of a
lever controlled by a templet to a movable stop controlling and limiting the working

page_text: rolls. In some cases I similarly connect the lower section roll carriage K' to the
lever in which case that carriage also is constructed to slide vertically for the
purpose.
Fig. 4. is an enlarged sectional elevation of the section and draught rolls F and G
and the trunnion or bloom carriage B. A partially rolled bloom or disc is shewn
in position in dotted lines. The lever te and roller running in contact with the
adjustable inclined plane U is also shewn. Another and preferable form of
trunnion pivot is shewn in this view consisting of the rigidly secured cone
centres VV and the loose mandril V' having sunk centres. This is to facilitate.
the insertion of the bloom the operation being as follows:-
The jaw being open the bloom is dropped upon the lower centre V. The
mandril V is then dropped into the centre hole in the bloom and the top jaw 6'
closed. A washer or other suitable packing is preferably inserted below the
bloom to maintain its correct position vertically.
When it is desirable to reduce the thickness of the root of the rim a further
operation is necessary and this is performed in a machine of similar general con-
struction to that illustrated in Figs. 1 2 and 3. But in this case the section rolls
are mounted and constructed as illustrated in Fig. 5. The angle of these bearings
is only slightly removed from the perpendicular. F F' are the section rolls in this
case. They are not driven by power but are free to revolve by friction with the
interior of the rim of the bloom. The exterior is in contact as before under pressure-
with the draught roll G which in this case is roughened or cogged and revolved by
power. The edges of the rolls F are sharp and as they run in contact with and
over-lapping the side of the draught roll G they act in conjunction with it as
"flash
cutters.'
In some cases it becomes necessary to support the bloom during the rolling process
and to accomplish this I mount suitable conical freely revolving rollers at two or
more positions radially as shewn at W in Figs. 6 and 7. Their journals are carried
in bearings w mounted on the traversing bloom carriage B and their length is
sufficient to support the rim of the disc at its greatest diameter their upper surfaces-
being of course horizontal.
Instead of or in addition to carrying and guiding the bloom or disc by a centre.
trunnion I in some cases guide it by three or more freely revolving rollers X as.
shewn in Fig. 8 running in contact with its periphery, and in order to allow for its
increase in diameter the bearings of the said rollers X are carried in radial slots
formed in the frame of the carriage B and maintained in contact with the disc by
suitable springs x¹ or weights. In this arrangement suitable provision is made for
withdrawing the rollers in order to introduce and remove the discs.
Fig. 9 shews an arrangement for cooling the centre boss of the bloom by
introducing water into the centre hole through the trunnion. The flexible pipe Y
is connected to the supply and delivers water to the centre pivot V and mandril V
which is made hollow for the purpose and has perforations v formed in it..
Suitable recesses v2 in the plate on which the bloom rests are made for the escape
of steam and water.
1 wish it to be understood that I do not confine myself to the horizontal position
for the disc or bloom as it is obvious that by placing the machine at any suitable
angle or with the plane of the disc vertical the same operation can be performed
with merely well-known mechanical modifications not affecting the nature of my
invention.
When the disc wheel to be rolled requires to be flanged on its periphery the
draught roll G is formed with a suitable recess or groove as shewn in Fig. 10.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. In apparatus for producing flanged discs by spiral rolling between a pair
of angularly mounted section rolls the roll-carrying angular shafts mounted in

page_text: housings adjustable in a direction at right angles to the shaft's axis and in their
common plane substantially as and for the purposes herein before described and
illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
2. The train of bevil gearing by which the section rolls are driven from one
source at uniform speed in all positions substantially as and for the purposes herein
before described and illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
3. The sliding trunnion carriage for holding the bloom having upper and lower
central trunnions one of these being carried by a jaw capable of opening and
closing substantially as and for the purposes herein before described and illustrated
in the accompanying drawings.
4. The sliding trunnion carriage for holding the bloom in combination with a
reversible hydraulic cylinder or other means of operation whereby the carriage and
bloom can be drawn away from the section rolls causing a tension in the disc
substantially as and for the purposes herein before described and illustrated in the
accompanying drawings.
5. The main frame with top slides carrying the carriages for the bloom and
draught roll in combination with the single or double vertical side frames having
slides to carry the housings of the section roll shafts substantially as and for the
purposes herein before described and illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
6. The long and short ended lever operating a movable abutment for limiting and
controlling the traverse of the section roll shaft housing and operated by sliding or
rolling contact with a master templet attached to and traversing with the carriage
carrying the bloom substantially as and for the purposes herein before described and
illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
7. The conical rollers mounted radially on the bloom carriage for supporting the
bloom during the rolling operation substantially as and for the purposes herein before
described and illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
8. The periphery guide rollers whose radial movement is given direct by the
increasing diameter of the bloom or disc and is resisted by suitable springs or
weights substantially as and for the purposes herein before described and illustrated
in the accompanying drawings.
9. The machine for thinning and finishing the rim with section rolls mounted at
an obtuse angle and whose rolls are of suitable section substantially as and for the
purposes herein before described and illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
10. The machine for thinning and finishing the rim having the draught roll driven
and the section rolls not driven substantially as and for the purposes herein before
described and illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
11. In the machine for thinning and finishing the rim of the discs, the section
rolls formed with sharp flash cutting edges operating in conjunction with the draught
roll substantially as and for the purposes herein before described and illustrated in
the accompanying drawings.
12. The process of producing flanged discs for wheels by the combined operations
of stamping a bloom with bosses and annular grooves and reducing the disc by
rolling spirally while producing the circumferential flange and increasing its
diameter in the rolling machine herein before described, cutting off the flash or
surplus metal, thinning the flange in the second machine herein before described
and finally producing when desired the annular or radial or combined corrugations
by the ordinary process of stamping substantially as herein before described.
Dated this Eighth day of May 1894.
EDGAR CONISTON MILLS,
Agent to the Applicant.