Improvements in the Manufacture of Tubular Connections for Cycles, Motor Cars, Pipes and the like, and in the Machine or Machinery for the Production of the same.
Year: 1898

page_text: Improvements in the Manufacture of Tubular Connections for Cycles,
Motor Cars, Pipes and the like, and in the Machine or Machinery
for the Production of the same.
I, CAMPBELL GROVE HARRISON, of Bundle Hill, Halesowen, in the County of
Worcester, do hereby declare the nature of my said invention to be as
follows:-
My invention has for its object improvements in the manufacture of tubular
connections for cycles, motor cars, pipes and the like and in the machines or
machinery for the production of the same which is constructed upon a box or
other bed or beds which may be used separately or may be bolted or made
together with levers, cams, wheels etc. and mechanism mounted thereon and
actuated by a shaft driven by worm or other gearing being designed and
arranged for the manufacture of bicycle heads, brackets, and such like hollow
junctions also for tees, elbows, crosses, T pieces, cock shells and the like.
I will explain my machine or machinery for the manufacture of a bicycle
head from a blank of sheet metal. The sheet of steel is cut to the proper shape
and size and scarfed on half of the edges to be joined and it is then heated to the
required temperature and placed on a circular grooved swage or die, the upper
face of this die is sunk with an exact impression of the metal to be bent, say
to a little more than half the thickness, this recess is to keep the said metal
in perfect register or alignment with the other parts of the apparatus following
in its order. A mandril of suitable size, is brought into position by a short
fulcrumed lever which is linked to, and takes its motion from a larger lever at
the back. This back lever is moved backwards and forwards by a covered
crown cam keyed or fast to a short cross shaft, geared to the main shaft by
bevel wheels. The cams are provided with a sliding arrangement to alter the
stroke of the vertical lever. Two similar mandrils set to the angle of outlets
of the bicycle head descend to the before mentioned mandril, pushing it down
until the metal is hard on the bottom of the die, and the sides stand upwards
or at about right angles to their former position.
The diagonal mandrils are secured to pistons working in swivelling boxes which
are made fast when at the required angles in quadrants. These pistons are moved
up or down by diagonal levers pivotted near their centres in lugs, secured to the
top of the quadrants, and when slackened can follow the angle of the mandrils.
The diagonal levers are in turn moved up or down by diagonal rods secured at the
top to slide rests, this arrangement is to enable the operator to lengthen or shorten
the stroke of the pistons. The rods are secured at the bottom by ball and socket
or universal joints and the latter can work freely round a curve to adjust them-
selves to the before mentioned pistons.

page_text: The ball and socket joints or bearings are actuated by a jumping cam keyed
on to the main shaft which runs against a loose wheel on a vertical slide, to the
curved top of which are bolted the ball and socket joints. The jumping cam has a
sliding arrangement by which it can be turned a certain distance on the shaft to
vary the time of jumping.
Two horizontal dies of the shape required to form the bicycle head are pushed
towards the centre of the first mentioned mandril both travelling at the same speed,
close up to the metal round the mandrils. One of the horizontal dies has a pro-
tuberance running along the edges of the face nearest to the sheet metal, to hold
the scarfed edges hard up on the horizontal mandril and the die or other side is
cut away to permit the thick edges to slide and cover the thin edges. The two
horizontal dies take their motion from two powerful vertical levers moved by covered
crown cams keyed on the main shaft or by a double heart cam keyed onto a vertical
shaft, or at an angle of about 45 degrees from the main shaft. When either of the
two latter are used the two large vertical levers at right angles to them on cross
shafts are not required.
The two levers for the horizontal dies are fitted on the upper parts with a slide
rest on which is fixed a swivelling die holder. The slides are to adjust the dies
to the various angles or centres for which they may be required. The horizontal
dies hold the fitting till all the mandrils are withdrawn.
The shaped bicycle head or other article is then reheated to welding point and
taken to the welding or finishing end of the machine (this part is similar to the part
already described and has in common with it a large central piston with fixed slide
worked by a horizontal lever, with a slide rest adjustment and actuated by the
jumping cam, and vertical slide before mentioned, but the union is formed behind
the ball and socket joint). The article to be made is placed in a swage or die
similar to the one used for turning up the fitting. The fore end of a steming or
upsetting mandril, attached to and worked by the vertical lever before mentioned
is forced through the barrel to meet a female stemer" advancing from the
opposite side. At the same time two inclined or diagonal mandrils descend through
the outlets direct on to the fore end of the horizontal mandril. The swivelling
pistons are provided with powerful springs to counteract the pressure at the top of
the pistons, also to allow the horizontal mandril to glide and allow for a difference
in time between them and a compound vertical presser which is lowered by the
piston with fixed slides, on to the central part of the barrel to be welded. Just
before the compound presser is down on the part to be welded two grippers advance
from the back and front towards the centre and which bear upon just sufficient of
the circumference of the barrel and outlets to prevent the metal from spreading,
or thinning at the weld, or from taking an oval shape which would be the result
if the dies formed a half circle whilst the compound presser and end dies are doing
their work, the grippers also hold the bicycle head until the mandrils are with-
drawn.
As soon as the compound presser touches the metal, the end dies or pressers which
are formed to fit the outer ends of the bicycle head are cut out, or have a recess
formed as is also the bottom die, to let the stemmers do the work of upsetting the
ends of the barrels to give them the required strength and extra thickness at these
places.
The compound presser is divided down the centre, and has fitted within it a
double heart cam rubbing two inclined planes, the cam being secured by a spindle
running from front to back and on the back part of the spindle is fitted a lever set
at a certain angle. When the compound presser drops on to the fitting there is
a little play between it and the outlets. The object of the cam is to force the halves
of the presser outwards, which is done by a projection from the right hand end
presser or it may be done from the other side pushing the lever down and turning
the cam which is found to equalize the squeeze throughout.
The two end pressers are worked by vertical levers, fitted with slide rest and
swivelling ball holder. The grippers are moved by two smaller levers placed at right

page_text: angles to the above, and worked by crown or heart cams, and all the levers and
cams are provided with means of adjustment.
Dated this 4th day of January 1898.
GEORGE BARKER,
Agent for Applicant, 77, Colmore Row, Birmingham.
Improvements in the Manufacture of Tubular Connections for Cycles,
Motor Cars, Pipes and the like, and in the Machine or Machinery
for the Production of the same.
I, CAMPBELL GROVE HARRISON, of Bundle Hill, Halesowen, in the County of
Worcester, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of my said invention and in
what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascer-
tained in and by the following statement:-
My invention has for its object improvements in the manufacture of tubular
connections for cycles, motor cars, pipes and the like and in the machines or
machinery for the production of the same which is constructed upon a box or
other bed or beds which may be used separately or may be bolted or made
together with levers cams, wheels etc. and mechanism mounted thereon and
actuated by a shaft driven by worm or other gearing being designed and
arranged for the manufacture of bicycle heads brackets and such like hollow
junctions also for tees, elbows, crosses, cock shells, and the like.
In order that my invention may be more clearly understood and easily carried
into practical effect I have appended hereunto two double sized sheets of draw-
ings upon which I have illustrated an example of my machine for manufacturing
steering sockets or heads of cycles and which will be sufficient to enable others to
apply the invention to various circumstances met with in practice.
Figure 1 is a front elevation shewing my machine ready for operating.
Figure 2 is a side elevation of Figure 1 shewing the machine in operation.
Figure 3 is a front elevation shewing a portion of the welding tools and dies
on an enlarged scale for operating upon the bicycle head.
Figure 4 is an end view of Figure 3.
Figure 5 is an enlarged end view of the horizontal folding dies and the bottom
Swage or die.
In carrying my invention into practice I take a blank of sheet metal preferably
steel which has been previously cut to the proper shape and size and scarfed on
half of the edges to be joined. This sheet of steel is then heated to the required
temperature and placed on the circular grooved swage or die A supported on the
frame B of the machine. The upper face of the swage or die A is sunk with an
exact impression of the metal to be bent for the purpose of keeping the said metal
in perfect register or alignment with the other parts of the apparatus following in
its order.
A mandril which is preferably provided with a linked joint is then brought
into position by one of the short fulcrum levers d¹ and which are linked to
and take their motion from the larger levers E and E¹ pivoted to be brackets
attached to or forming part of the frame of the machine. Or the mandril may
be operated by other means.
The levers E and E¹ are moved backwards and forwards by the covered crown
cams F and F¹ keyed or fixed onto the short cross shafts f and f³ geared to the

page_text: main shaft H by the bevel wheels h¹ and h³ which shaft H receives its motion
from the driving shaft a through the worm and worm wheels 2 keyed onto the
said main shaft H. These cams F and F are preferably provided with any ordi-
nary sliding arrangement for the purpose of moving the cams backwards or forwards
on their shafts so as to alter the stroke of the back levers E & E¹ and bring the
swivelling die holders N & N¹ nearer to or further from their work. The two
diagonal mandrils J and J set to the angles of the outlets of the bicycle head
then descend onto the mandril pushing it down until the metal is hard on the
bottom of the die A and the sides stand upwards or at about right-angles to their
former position.
The diagonal mandrils J and J are secured to the pistons 2 working in the
swivelling boxes which are secured when set at the required angles in the
quadrant j attached to or forming part of the frame work of the machine. The
pistons are moved up and down by the levers jo pivoted near their centres in
the lugs secured to the top of the quadrant and when slackened can follow
the angle of the mandrils J and J. The levers are in turn moved up and down
by the rods secured at their upper ends to the slide rests 78. This arrangement
is to enable the operator to lengthen or shorten the stroke of the pistons 3. The
lower ends of the rods are secured by the ball and socket or universal joints j
to the curved top 10 of the vertical slide j and these joints jo are formed so as
to work freely round a curve to adjust themselves to the pistons 2.
The ball and socket joints are actuated by the vertical shaft which is
operated by the covered jumping cam K keyed onto the main shaft H, which
cam runs against the loose wheel pivoted to the lower end of the vertical
slide The jumping cam K is provided with any ordinary arrangement so as
to enable it to be turned on its shaft for the purpose of altering or varying the
time of the jumping of the vertical slide or shaft j
Two horizontal folding dies M and M¹ of the particular shape required to form
the bicycle head are pushed towards the centre of the mandril both travelling at
the same speed to close up the metal around the mandrils as shewn at Fig. 5.
The die M is provided with the protuberance m² running along the edge of
the face nearest to the sheet of metal for the purpose of holding the scarfed edges
hard upon the mandrils as shewn at Figure 5. This die M moves a little in
advance of the die M and is held stationary until the other die arrives. The
die M is cut away at m³ to permit the thick edges of the metal to slide and cover
the thin edges. These horizontal folding dies are operated by the two vertical
levers 2 and 3 each worked by a double covered heart curve mounted on the
vertical shaft t on the lever end of which is fixed the bevel wheel to gearing with
the bevel wheels S mounted on the main shaft H. Or I may mount two covered
crown cams on the main shaft for operating the levers 2 and 3. In this case I
should extend the main shaft and also lengthen the lever and 3 thus dispensing
with the vertical shaft and the bevel gearing and short shafts 2 and 3 substi-
tuting covered heart cams which are mounted on the main shaft between the
above mentioned crown cams to operate the levers E and E¹.
The two vertical levers and are each fitted at their upper ends with a slide
rest and on these slide rests I fix swivelling die holders which are provided so
as to allow the dies to assume a horizontal position when in operation as the motion
given to these holders by the levers and 3 is circular. Or these die holders
may be connected rigidly to the levers and . The slide rests are provided for
the purpose of adjusting the die holders to the various angles or centres for which
they may be required. The horizontal dies M and M hold the bicycle head
or other fitting until all the mandrils are withdrawn when the whole of the dies
are taken out and the welding dies substituted. Or instead of changing the
dies the article under operation may be transferred to another machine fitted
with welding dies instead of bending dies but before the welding process com-
mences the shaped bicycle head or other article under operation is now reheated

page_text: to welding point and again inserted in the machine ready for being welded which
is accomplished in the following manner.
The article to be welded is placed in a swage or die similar to the die A and
then the fore end of the stemming or upsetting mandril P which is attached to
and operated by the vertical lever d is forced through the barrel to meet the
female stemmer P¹ advancing from the opposite direction and worked by the
vertical levers d. At the same time the two inclined mandrils p2 and p3
descend through the outlets of the bicycle head direct onto the horizontal man-
dril P as clearly shewn at Figure 3. The swivelling pistons which carry the
mandrils p and p³ are provided with powerful springs to counteract the pressure
at the top of the pistons and also to allow the horizontal mandril to glide and
allow for a difference in time between them and the compound vertical presser R
attached to the large vertical central piston R¹ working in the slide formed on or
attached to the frame of the machine between the swivelling pistons. This
piston R¹ is worked by the horizontal lever R2 provided with a slide rest adjust-
ment and actuated by the covered jumping cam K and vertical slide j¹¹ the union
may be formed behind the socket joints by the connecting link R³. The
presser R is lowered onto the central part of the barrel portion of the bicycle
head to be welded as clearly shewn at Figure 3.
or
Just before the compound presser R has reached the limit of its stroke the two
grippers T and T₁ advance from the back and front towards the centre and bear
upon just sufficient of the circumference of the barrel and outlets of the bicycle
head to prevent the metal from spreading or thinning at the weld or from taking
an oval shape which would be the result if the dies formed a half circle, whilst
These
the compound presser and end dies W and W₁ are doing their work.
grippers T and T¹ are actuated by the two levers 2 and 3 each worked as pre-
viously described. The double covered heart cams which operate the levers 2
and are formed at their outer ends so as to allow the grippers T and T¹ to
remain stationary and grip the bicycle head whilst the mandrils are withdrawn.
As soon as the compound presser R touches the metal the ends dies
pressers W and W₁ which are fixed in the swivelling die holders N and N are
brought into operation. These die holders N and N¹ are formed ball shaped at
their ends n³ & n' and work in sockets formed in the slides or slide rests (3 so
as to enable the said die holders to swivel. The slides or slide rests which
may be of any ordinary construction, are provided so as to allow the die holders
to be regulated and are attached to the ends of the levers E and E thus allowing
the dies to swivel to the required angle. The dies or pressers W and Ware
formed to fit the outer ends of the bicycle head and are cut out or have a recess
formed in their faces as is also the bottom die to let the stemmers do the work
of upsetting or jumping up of the ends of the barrel of the bicycle head to give
them the required strength and extra thickness at these places. The com-
pound presser R is divided down the centre and has fitted within it the double
heart cam rubbing two inclined planes, the cam being secured by the spindler³
running from front to back and on the back part of this spindle is fitted the
lever set at an angle. When the compound presser R drops on to the bicycle
head there is a little play, this play is allowed so that the welding pressure round
the entire circumference of the outlets may be simultaneous this may be called
the final welding squeeze on the centre portion and the outlets. The object of
the cam is to force the halves of the presser outwards which is accomplished
by the projection attached to the presser W pushing the lever down and
turning the cam thereby equalizing the squeeze throughout. Or the projec-
tion may be attached to the other presser W₁. The spindle 2 on which the
cam is mounted is provided with the counter weight for the purpose of
bringing the halves of the presser R together again after the operation is per-
formed. The two end pressers W and Ware operated by the vertical levers E
and E provided with the swivelling die holders as previously described.

page_text: Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim is:
-
CLAIMS.
First: The improvements in the manufacture of tubular connections for
cycles, motor cars, pipes and the like consisting essentially in forming such
tubular articles from a metal blank the said blank being placed in a swage or
die then operated upon by mandrils and dies and afterwards by the stemmer3
and presser and grippers and dies in the manner and for the purpose substantially
as herein set forth and as shewn upon the accompanying sheets of drawings.
Second: The machine or machinery for the production of tubular articles
such as are the subject of the preceding claim consisting of a framing B carry-
ing the driving shaft X and worm gearing with the worm wheel keyed onto
the main shaft H which drives the cross shafts and f³ and the perpendicular
shaft the jumping cam K for operating the levers which actuate the pistons
and the compound presser R the covered crown cams F and F for operating the
levers which actuate the stemmers P and P¹ and the pressers W and W in the
manner and for the purpose substantially as herein set forth and as shewn upon
the accompanying sheets of drawings.
Third: In machines for making articles which are the subject of the first
claim swivelling die holders such as N and N¹ or their equivalents fixed by
slide rests to levers such as E and E¹ or 3 and 13 and operated in the manner and
for the purpose substantially as herein set forth and as shewn upon the drawings
by Figures 1 and 2.
Fourth-In machines for making articles which are the subject of the first
claim the gripping dies such as T and T the folding dies such as M and M¹
and the swage or die such as A for the purpose substantially as herein set forth
and as shewn upon the drawings by Figures 4 and 5.
Fifth-In machines for making articles which are the subject of the first
claim a compound presser such as R grippers such as T and T and stemmers
such as P and P₁ all operated in the manner and for the purpose substantially
as herein set forth and as shewn upon the drawings.
Sixth-In machines for making articles which are the subject of the first
claim the combination and arrangement of the quadrant swivelling boxes such
as provided with pistons such as all arranged in the manner and for the
purpose substantially as herein set forth and as shewn upon the accompanying
drawings by Figures 1 and 2.
Datel L
A11
1
1000
CAMPBELL GROVE HARRISON.
By George Barker,
Fellow of The Chartered Institute of Patent Agents,
Agent for Applicant, 77, Colmore Row, Birmingham.