IMPROVEMENTS IN DRAWING AND BENDING SHEET METAL, AND IN THE MACHINERY OR APPARATUS THEREFOR.
Year: 1870

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James Robertson, of the City of Glasgow, in the.
County of Lanark, North Britain, Engineer, for the Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN DRAWING AND BENDING SHEET METAL, AND IN THE
MACHINERY OR APPARATUS THEREFOR.
"
Sealed the 18th November 1870, and dated the 13th August 1870.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James Robertson at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 13th August 1870.
I, JAMES ROBERTSON, of the City of Glasgow, in the County of
Lanark, North Britain, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN DRAWING AND BENDING SHEET METAL,
AND IN THE MACHINERY QR APPARATUS THEREFOB," to be as follows, that is'
to, say :-
This said Invention consists, under the first part, in drawing, bending,
or forming plates of mictal, either in a cold or hot state, into parallel or
tapering tubes, or other hollow, polygonal, or curved sectional forms of,
A
:

page_text: articles in lengths for various structures, particularly where the edges of
the sheet metal have to meet or overlap each other for jointing, welding,
or rivetting, suitable for boilers, boiler tubes, masts, spars, or other
purposes or structures, by pulling the blank plates or forms of the
widths and lengths respectively sufficient to form the circumference
and length of article desired to be drawn and shaped longitudinally
through new or improved constructions or farms of die pieces, one
modification of which consists of an outer long hollow conical curvilinear
die piece, "bore," or shell fixed upon a draw bench or bed plate, such
as is now, used for drawing metal tubes, gradually shaped from a flat
or nearly flat surface at the back where the flat plate enters into a
cylindrical or other desired sectional form at the front or discharge
delivery end. Within this outer shell a core or mandril piece is fixed,
having its outer surface corresponding in shape to or concentric with the
outer shell, slightly smaller, or leaving sufficient space between the outer
shell and core piece for the plate to pass and be curved or shaped, and
having a slot or space longitudinally up the centre of the core piece
and upper side of the outer shell throughout or nearly throughout their
length, for the purpose of allowing a pair of ordinary grasping tongs
(connected to a drawing chain and gearing or drawing gear in con-
nection with the said draw bench) to catch the plate and work freely
within the slot back to the inside or entering end of the die pieces, all
instead of the ordinary die piece or "bore" heretofore used for drawing
tubes. On the tongs grasping the front end of the long flat blank form
or plate it is drawn into and through the narrow parallel space between
the shaping surfaces of the said outer shell and core pieces, so as to
be gradually converted or curved and shaped from a flat plate into the
particular tubular or other sectional form of the terminating or finishing
end of the core and "bore" pieces, all without the ordinary or hitherto
necessary operation of "noseing," or previously partially forming the
end of the plate into a suitable form to enter the die pieces of draw
benches hitherto used. The advantages of this improved construction
of dies and mode of drawing the plate through them are, the dispensing
with the operation of "noseing" described, and secures a more regular
or uniformly formed tube. This new construction and arrangement of
duplex die piece or pieces is of great advantage in the manufacture of
malleable iron tubes; the flat plates after being heated in a furnace are
drawn through the said dies, and thus made ready for the subsequent

page_text: operations of gauging and welding, and such flat or plain blanks or
forms of thinner sheet metal, or of softer sheet metal, such as brass or
copper, may be drawn through without being heated, and so shaped into.
tubes or other structures of like or analogous sectional forms.
The
uniting the outer shell or "bore" with a core or mandril piece, and at
the same time leaving a space for the draw tongs (which may be of the
ordinary constructions used for such or like drawing purposes) to grasp.
the plate, all as described, forms an important improvement of this
Invention over the forms and constructions of "bores." heretofore used.
for these purposes. For forming tubes or other sectional structures of
large diameters and perimeters two sets of grasping tongs may be used,
and have suitable slots or ways formed throughout the length of the die
pieces for these tongs to grasp the plate and work in. The shell and
mandril piece can be fixed in various ways in movable pieces on separate
soles, plates, or holders, so as to adjust them to form tubes of various
diameters or sizes in cross sections, and they may also be made to move
or change their position automatically while the plate is being passed.
through them to, produce conical or tapered forms of tubes and other
like sectional structures. The tubes. or other like. transverse sectional
structures may consist of one, two, or more plates drawn and formed as
described by these improvements, which may be afterwards welded
together by welding rollers or other means and apparatus for welding
such long jointed articles, or they may be rivetted together. In some
cases, as for drawing and shaping thick plates, antifriction rollers are
inserted in the shaping shell, so as to revolve and receive the resistance
and force at the parts where friction would be greatest in receiving and
shaping the plate..
The second part of this: said Invention consists in bending or curving
long plates of metal into tubular, conical, or other like sectional forms
and structures, as for the purposes herein-before stated, by a new or
improved construction or form of bending machine, which bends or
curves the plates by a stamper or reciprocating long block acting in a
corresponding long hollow anvil piece, the stamper being of such a
length and construction as to act at the same instant throughout the
entire length of the plates to be so bent or shaped. The stamper, which
is mounted between and within strong side frames, cheeks, or standards
united to the anvil piece below, is actuated by eccentrics or other

page_text: equivalent reciprocatory producing mechanical motion, so as to come
down upon the plate interposed between it and the long hollow anvil
piece to such a distance as would give the degree of bend at each stroke
to produce the circle or curve desired in the plate. Both ends of the
long stamper are moved simultaneously to the said degree required
by levers or other equivalent mechanism, and which can be made easily
adjustable to suit any desired degree of stroke, and so that one end of
the stamper can have less or more traverse given to it than the other for
the production of tapered or conical tubes, or other such-like structures
of various other forms in regular or irregular cross section, as curvilinear,
oval, or polygonal, also frequently required. The plates can be fed
through below the stamper while it is rising on a table by any of the
ordinary rack or screw feed motion, such as used for engineers' tools;
or this forward feed motion may be given to the plate by having the
anvil piece carrying it set on trunnions (as well as the stamper), and
while the stamper descends and is grasping and bending the plate on the
curve of the anvil both the stamper and anvil have a slight lateral
motion given to them, which draws the plate forward, and when the
stamper has ascended to the top of the stroke a fresh part of the plate
is brought under the stamper. Thus this regular lateral oscillating
motion of the stamper and anvil gradually draws the whole plate
through until it is all curved or bent to the tubular or other sectional
form required. When the sheets are required to be formed into a
complete tube, and are too small in diameter to pass over the top of or
through the stamper, the stamper is curved or formed hollow on the
delivery side, so that while the tube is being bent the cylindrical part
as shaped rolls into the hollow formed in the anvil and stamper, which
allows the bending operation to be thus completed from the one or
entering side. A straight stamper by this improved mode of and
machine for feeding and bending the plate can also be made to form
the plate into a nearly complete tube by feeding in and bending the
plates from both edges. Instead of the stamper being formed round
on the end it may be formed hollow, in which case the anvil face
would be made round, and the anvil piece have the lateral hollowed
part formed in it to receive the tube as it is bent round. Instead of a
lateral transverse feed motion being given to the plate a circular inter-
mittent feeding and holding motion may be used, catching and drawing
the plate as it is bent round, and all the motions required of the said

page_text: several essential working parts made to be actuated simultaneously by
levers or other equivalent means, and the machine may be driven either
by a belt and pulleys or other friction or toothed gearing, or the direct
action of a separate steam engine.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said James Robertson in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 11th February 1871.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JAMES
ROBERTSON, of the City of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North
Britain, Engineer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Thirteenth day of August, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy, in the thirty-
fourth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successsors, give
and grant unto me, the said James Robertson, Her special licence that I,
the said James Robertson, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or
such others as I, the said James Robertson, my executors, administrators,
and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time
to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed,
should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and
Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN DRAWING AND BENDING
SHEET METAL, AND IN THE MACHINERY OR APPARATUS THEREFOR," upon the con
dition (amongst others) that I, the said James Robertson, my executors
or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or
one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was
to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal
Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after
the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said James Robertson, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to -
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement in writing, reference being had to the accom-

page_text: panying Drawings, and to the reference letters and numerals marked
thercon, all forming part of this Specification, that is to say:-
My said Invention consists under the first part in drawing, bending,
or forming plates of metal, either in a cold or hot state, into parallel or
tapering tubes or other hollow polygonal or curved sectional forms of
articles in lengths for various structures, particularly where the edges
of the sheet metal have to meet or overlap each other for jointing,
welding, or riveting suitable for boilers, boiler tubes, masts, spars, or
other purposes or structures. The blank plates or forms made of the
widths and lengths respectively sufficient to form the circumference and
length of article desired to be drawn and shaped are pulled longitudinally
through new or improved constructions or forms of die pieces.
One modification of this new or improved drawing and shaping die
piece consists of an outer long hollow conical curvilinear die picce,
"bore," or shell, fixed upon a draw bench or bed plate, such as is now
used for drawing metal tubes, and gradually shaped from a flat or nearly
flat surface at the back, where the flat plate or blank enters into a
cylindrical or other desired sectional form at the front or discharge
delivery end. Within this outer shaping "bore " or shell a core or
mandrel piece is fixed, having its outer surface corresponding in shape
to or concentric with the outer shell slightly smaller or leaving sufficient
space between the outer shell and core piece for the plate to pass and
be curved or shaped and having a slot or space longitudinally up the
centre of the core piece and upper side of the outer shell throughout or
nearly throughout their length for the purpose of allowing a pair of
ordinary grasping tongs (connected to a drawing chain and gearing or
drawing gear in connection with the said draw bench) to catch the plate
and work freely within the slot back to the inside or entering end of the
die pieces, all instead of the ordinary die piece or "bore" heretofore used
for drawing tubes. On the tongs grasping the front end of the long flat.
blank form or plate it is drawn into and through the narrow parallel
space between the shaping surfaces of the said outer shell and core pieces
so as to be gradually converted or curved or shaped from a flat plate
into the particular tubular or other sectional form of the terminating or
finishing end of the core and "bore" pieces; all without the ordinary
or hitherto necessary operation of "noseing," or previously partially
forming the end of the plate into a suitable form to enter the die pieces
of draw benches as hitherto used.

page_text: The advantages of this improved construction of dies and mode of
drawing the plate through them are the dispensing with the operation
of "
noseing" described, and securing a more regular or uniformly
formed tube. This new construction and arrangement of duplex die
piece or pieces is of great advantage in the manufacture of malleable iron
tubes. The flat plates after being heated in a furnace are drawn through the
said dies, and thus made ready for the subsequent operation of welding,
and such flat or plain blanks or forms of thinner sheet metal or of softer
sheet metal, such as brass or copper, may be drawn through without
being heated, and so shaped into tubes or other structures of like or
analogous sectional forms. The uniting the outer shell or "bore" with
a core or mandrel piece, and at the same time leaving a space for the
draw tongs (which may be of the ordinary constructions used for such or
like drawing purposes) to grasp the plate, all as described, forms an
important improvement of this Invention over the forms and con-
structions of "bores" heretofore used for these purposes. For forming
tubes or other sectional structures of large diameters and perimeters,
two sets of grasping tongs may be used, and have suitable slots or ways
formed throughout the length of the die pieces for these tongs to grasp
the plate and work in. The shell and mandrel pieces can be fixed.
in various ways and in movable pieces on separate soles, plates, or
holders, so as to adjust them to form tubes of various diameters or sizes
in cross section, and they may also be made to move or change their
position automatically, while the plate is being passed through them, to
produce conical or tapered forms of tubes, and other like sectional
structures. The tubes or other like transverse sectional structures may
consist of one, two, or more plates, drawn and formed as described by
these improvements, which may be afterwards welded together by
welding rollers or other means and apparatus for welding such long
jointed articles, or they may be rivetted together. In some cases, as for
drawing and shaping thick plates, antifriction rollers are inserted in the
shaping shell so as to revolve and receive the resistance and force at
the parts where friction would be greatest in receiving and shaping the
plate.
*
The second part of this my said Invention consists in bending or

page_text: curves the plates by a stamper or reciprocating long block acting in a
corresponding long hollow anvil piece, the stamper being of such a
length and construction as to act at the same instant throughout the
entire length of the plates to be so bent or shaped. The stamper, which is
mounted between and within strong side frames, "cheeks," or standards,
united to the anvil piece below, is actuated by eccentrics or other equiva-
lent reciprocatory producing mechanical motion, so as to come down upon
the plate interposed between it and the long hollow anvil piece to such
a distance as would give the degree of bend at each stroke to produce
the circle or curve desired in the plate.. Both ends of the long stamper
are moved simultaneously to the said degree required by levers or other
equivalent mechanism, all which can be made easily adjustable to suit
any desired degree of stroke, and so that one end of the stamper can have
less or more traverse given to it than the other for the production of
tapered or conical tubes or other such like structures of various other
forms in regular or irregular cross section, as curvilinear, oval, or poly-
gonal, also frequently required. The plates can be fed through below
the stamper, while it is rising, on a table, by any of the ordinary rack
or screw feed motions, such as used for engineers' tools, or this forward
feed motion may be given to the plate by having the anvil piece carrying it
set on trunnions (as well as the stamper) and while the stamper descends
and is grasping and bending the plate on the curve of the anvil a slight
lateral motion is given to both the stamper and anvil which draws the
plate forward, so that when the stamper has ascended to the top of the
stroke a fresh part of the plate is brought under it. Thus this regular
lateral oscillating motion of the stamper and anvil at every stroke
gradually draws the whole plate through until it is all curved or bent
to the tubular or other sectional form required.
When the sheets or blanks of metal are required to be formed into a
complete tube and are too small in diameter to pass over the top of or
through an opening in the stamper, the stamper is curved or formed
hollow on the delivery side, so that while the tube is being bent the
cylindrical part, as it is shaped, rolls into a hollow formed in the anvil
or in the stamper which allows the bending operation to be thus com-
pleted from the one or entering side. A straight stamper by this improved:
mode of and machine for feeding and bending the plate can also be made
to form the plate into a nearly complete tube by feeding in and bending
the plate from both edges. Instead of the stamper being formed round

page_text: (or convex) on the end it may be formed hollow (or concave) in which
case the anvil face would be made with the face projecting round, and
the anvil block may have the lateral hollowed part formed in it (herein-
before referred to) for receiving the tube as it is bent round. Instead
of the before-named lateral traverse feed motion being given to the plate
a circular intermittent feeding and holding motion may be used, catching
and drawing the plate as it is bent round, and all these said essential
motions of the working parts required are made to actuate simul-
taneously and relatively to each other as described and required, by
levers or other equivalent means, while the machine may be driven
either by a belt and pulleys or by other friction or toothed gearing
or by the direct action of a separate steam engine or a special one
attached to the machine for the purpose.
And in order that my said Invention may be properly understood
and be performed or put into effect or practice, I will now proceed to
describe the several illustrative Figures upon the four Sheets of expla-
natory Drawings which I have hereunto appended, all for the purpose
of showing the best modifications and means which I am at present
aware of for so doing and carrying my said Invention or improvements
into effect or practice, the same reference letters and numerals being
employed to indicate the same or equivalent and like parts in all the
Figures where they are shown.
Referring to Sheet 1, Figures 1 and 2 are respectively a side elevation
and plan of a sheet metal bending and shaping or drawing "bore" or
die and its core piece or mandrel for making tubes or other hollow
cylindrical structures, showing one form or construction and arrange-
ment of the parts thereof constructed in accordance with and illustrative
of one modification of my said Invention or improvements under the first
part or head thereof and therefor, and Figures 3, 4, and 5 are transverse
sections of the same modification or arrangement taken on the dotted lines
2- 2, 3. 3, and 4-- 4, respectively in Figure 1; Figure 6 is a
side elevation and its corresponding end views of one part or half of the core
piece or mandrel of the same detached, and Figure 7 is a corresponding
plan of the same Figure; Figure 8 shows a plan of the part of the plate
detached from the "bore" as it is in the act of being bent and shaped.
therein corresponding to Figure 2, where it is shown in red lines; and
Figure 9 shows a transverse section of the flat plate a or blank at a
and at a² as partially bent or turned up at the sides in being drawn
----

page_text: through the "bore" at the section lines 1---1, 2----2, and
Figure 10 shows a section of the plate at a³ as it is being shaped or
formed at the section line 3-. 3, while Figure 11 shows a section of
111
-
->
the plate as drawn, bent, or curled into the tubular form after it leaves
the "bore" at a on the transverse line 5 - -
- 5. Referring to this
modification of my said improvements, Figures 1 to 11, the new or
improved recess or slot A is formed vertically and longitudinally com
pletely through the centre of the whole "bore " B and its core C, by.
making the outer casing B, and its core or mandrel C in two parts,
B', B, and C, C2, (right and left), respectively bolted to each other by
their vertical longitudinal flanges B", C", and bolting these duplex parts
B¹, C¹, B², C³, by their broad soles or flanges B¹¹ on each side to the sole
plate D (or it might be to the usual drawing frame d, partly shown in
some of the other Figures) at such a distance apart as to leave the
slot A of sufficient width for the griper c, c¹, to traverse freely in so as
to be pushed back by hand from the front end A'¹ to A", where it
passes
over and under the front end a of the flat plate or blank form a (hot
from the heating furnace z, Figures 44, 45, Sheet 2,) on the lower
face B3 of the back wide end of the shaping and drawing "bore" B. The
front hooked end c" being then pushed down into the passing links of
the endless drawing chain e (Figure 1) pulls the griper and plate in the
direction of the red arrow so as to catch the plate tightly, and in passing
forward through the slot A pull the plate a through the parallel space
b, b', left between the outer shell B and core C of the usual wide elliptical
shape at the back, gradually converging conically or in a trumpet shape,
as seen in the horizontal view Figure 2, to a circular form at the front b¹
for the making of tubes and cylindrical structures, so as to gradually
form the blank plate in being pulled through the said space in the cylin-
drical form required, either as indicated at a³ in Figures 8 and 11, with
an overlapping or "scarf" joint, or with an abutting joint, according as
the upper circular edges 6 of the finishing delivery end 6¹ of the groove
are kept one above the other or on the same level, the converging power
of the groove being such that the edges become closed or overlapped
a little distance in front of the " bore," as indicated at the dotted
line 5 5 in Figure 8; in the other Figures the plate is projected
and shown generally in red lines and colour.
----

page_text: constructed in accordance with and embodying another modification of
my said Invention or improvements under the first part or head, and
Figures 14 and 15 are transverse views of the entering wide end with the
mandrel in false section, and the delivery round end respectively and of
the same arrangement corresponding to Figure 12, while Figures 16.
and 17 are a longitudinal section of the mandrel and its two end views,
corresponding to Figures 12 to 15. Referring to this modification
Figures 12 to 17, the outer shell of the “bore" B and core or mandrel C
are each formed solid on the top, and the mandrel is secured to the upper
inner back surface of the "bore" by the screw bolts C", feather C", and
groove B", while the "bore" B is bolted by the screws and flanges Bu
to the plate D in front of a surface resting and guiding piece D¹ (for the
front end of the blank a to rest on), formed on or secured to the back end
of the plate D, with edge guide pieces D capable of being set to any
desired distance apart to suit the particular width of plate a or "bore". B,
so as to insure the true entrance of. the front end of the blank form or
plate a into the wide end of the shaping space 6 by the drawing action of
a pair of narrow shallow formed gripers c², c³, c¹¹, only require the new
or improved groove or recess A in this modification to be formed in the
lower side and part of both the " bore "B and mandrel C, as seen parti-
cularly in Figures 14 and 15, above and below the under part of the
blank a, the slot A also passing through a resting guide D¹ when such is
used, and the drawing chain may either pass below the plate D at e,
or above it, as indicated at e¹ in the recess A just below the gripers c², c³.
b
Figures 18 and 19 are a side clevation and plan of a pair of tongs or
nippers as are very suitable for passing through the smallest depth and
width of the new slot A in the shell B and core C of the "bore" for
griping and drawing the plate through their shaping annular space and
surface b, b', and particularly the modifications of the "bores," which
are close on the top or have the slots when only formed in their lower
sides, and differing from the gripers and arrangement shown in Figures 1
to 5, but suitable for the other modifications shown in Figures 12 to 31
of Sheet 1. Referring to this arrangement of gripers, Figures 28 and
29, they are formed of the two long nearly parallel limbs c², c³, con-
3nected by the pulling linked hook lever c¹¹, so that when the hook is
inserted into a link of the drawing chain e it causes the strong griping
points to catch the front end of the blank a by the action of the inclined
slot and cutter near the point; or it may be other equivalent griping

page_text: action or gripers which would pass into the slot A in the said
modifications, Figures 12 to-34, which do not have the long griping
arm c¹, Figures 1 and 2, requiring to rise so high in the slot A to catch
the blank form a.
lines 1
----
Figures 20 and 21 are a side elevation and plan of an arrangement of
bore" (somewhat analogous to that shown and described in reference
to Figures 12 to 17), but having the mandrel C loose, with à part of the
outer shell B at the back and top B* cut away for the easy insertion and
removal of the mandrel C when it is used, Figure 22 being a plan of the
loose core or mandrel C with the under side up, so as to show the new
long slot A for the upper limb c³ of the tongs or gripers to traverse
through. Figures 23 and 24 are end views of the same arrangement of
bore" corresponding to Figure 20; and Figures 25, 26, 27, 28, and 29
show the various sections of the iron or blank form a as it is being bent
from the flat bar to the closed cylindrical form on the several dotted
1, 22, 33, 4- 4, and 55, respectively
in Figure 20 referring to this modification of my improvements shown
in Figures 20 to 29. The "bore" B is bolted by its flanges Bui to a
strong plate D, secured to the draw bench or frames d, and having a
recess D² for the drawing chain e to pass through, just below the new
slot A for the gripers c² to traverse in, and which in this modification also
is formed through the under side of the "bore" B made close and solid
on the top at 6¹ in front of the part B* cut away at the wide back end
for inserting the mandrel C (over the plate and nippers) into it when
used; but in some cases, as for light sheet metal, the weight of the
gripers in front and plate behind would be quite sufficient to cause the
blank a to take the tubular curling action throughout the length without
a mandrel in this arrangement, or even in the other forms of fixed
mandrels, so that they might be screwed off and removed also when
desired to work the "bore" without the mandrel. When the drawing
chain e is worked close to the lower limb c² of the gripers a flat plate
as D³ may be interposed between them to support the weight of the
gripers, and guide them on to the plate or blank a.
Figures 30 and 31 are a side elevation and plan respectively of another
arrangement and construction of shaping "bore" and mandrel, also
constructed in accordance with and illustrative of a modification of my
said improvements under the first-head or part, having a short fixed
mandrel C for shaping and finishing the inner surface of the tube part at

page_text: ---
'
and a set of antifriction rollers revolving all on vertical axes for shaping
the outer surface of the tube a³, and the small inner roller for giving the
first bend at the back entering wide part of the plate a²; and Figures 32,
33, and 34 are respectively a transverse end view, taken on the dotted
line 2. 2, and a section on the dotted line 3 3; also an end
view on the dotted line 4----4, all in Figure 30, to which they
correspond. Referring to this modification of my said improvements,
Figures 30 to 34, the outer shell or frame in this. case is made in two
parts in the form of a parallel box E, E', in the elevation, and conical in
plan, bolted together along the angled edges E", and open at the back
wide entering end E2 and front discharge finishing end E³. In this
arrangement I mount all within the hollow case, a first and second pair
of receiving and shaping rollers F, F¹; (on vertical spindles F2,) with
hollow quarter circle peripheries widening out into broad flanges below,
so as to shape the outer edges and surfaces a² of the flat plate a up
against small corresponding spheroidal rollers G, G¹, revolving on fixed
studs G² in the upper case E', leaving the shaping annular or parallel
narrow space b for drawing and shaping the plate -through, as shown
particularly in Figure 32, from the flat plate a successively to the form
as indicated at a² and a³, Figures 25, 26, and 27 respectively. The
curving of the sheet or blank a to the tubular or complete form shown at
Figures 33 and 34 (and indicated as in Figures 28 and 29) is done by
the short mandrel C screwed by the bolts C¹ to the upper case E¹ and
the two sets of hollow semicircular grooved rollers H, H¹, the spindles H²
of which, as well as those F2, are shown as revolving in bearings in the
frame E, E', but the rollers may also be made to revolve on the spindles.
The lower side of the mandrel C is formed with the new groove A, and
the lower barrel of the front set of rollers H' are cut away or made
smaller, so as to leave an annular recess or space A³ below for the upper
and lower limbs c³, c², of the gripers (Figures 18 and 19) to pass in
from the front E³ (Figures 31 to 34) back between the rollers G¹, kept
wide enough for that purpose, and through the slot A2 formed in the
carrying bars D' between the back rollers F, F', for resting the hot
blank a on, so that the points of the gripers secure the front end and
5 drag it through the annular or parallel space b, left between the drawing
and shaping surfaces of the antifriction rollers F and G and the
rollers H, H', and the mandrel C, which in this case, together with the
traversing space and action of the gripers through them, forms another

page_text: mounication of my improveu Dore тот шак
ready for being welded.
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Stoves
On Sheet 2, Figure 35, is a side elevation, and Figures 36 and 37 are
transverse elevations, of the back entering and front delivery end re-
spectively taken on the line 2- 2 and 4- 4 in Figure 35,
whilst
Figure 38 is a plan with the upper and inner shaping mandrel as removed
and shown with its under side turned up in Figure 39, all of a complete
arrangement of "bore," embodying another modification of my said
improvements applied thereto. In this case there are three lower
rollers F, F, F", revolving on horizontal axial studs secured to each
side frame E opposite each other, the periphery of these rollers being
formed with partially cylindrical bodies gliding into hollow quarter
circular grooves towards or forming their flanged edges, so as to revolve
parallel to and form the back rolling, carrying, and shaping outer "bore"
surface of the plate blank a on to the wedge-shaped top mandrel C as at
b, b, and gradually round its front cylindrical part a', a³, as at b³, b',
towards the extreme finishing and delivery end C*, where the outer
surface of the tube a³ is pressed, shaped, and finished below and over the
mandrel C* by the two rollers H¹ with hollow semicircular grooves
forming the complete circle, and revolving in this case on horizontal
transverse spindles H² in the same vertical plane over each other. The
under roller H¹ having the new annular groove A³ turned out of it to
allow the gripers to pass in below to the plate a, while the mandrel C
has the longitudinal recess A formed through the "bore" to catch the
front end of the plate a, which is then pulled forward through the
" bore
along with and behind the gripers by the action of the drawing
chain e. The mandrel C in this case is solid on top, and is simply
bolted down by strong broad horizontal flanges C" as a cover to the top
frames E" of the side frames E, E¹, carrying the shaping rollers F, F', F",
and H¹, having a deep feather D¹ in the centre for carrying up the hot
plate a, with a recess in it A³ for carrying up the weight of the
tongs c², c³, and guiding them on to the blank form a at the back,
"
Another modification of tubular rolling and shaping "bore," some-
what analogous to that just described in reference to Figures 35 to 39
on Sheet 2, is shown in the several Figures 40 to 43 inclusive, respec-
tively in plan, longitudinal section, and front and back end elevations.
In this arrangement all the lower rollers F, F', and H, H', are solid, or
single and revolving on transverse horizontal spindles F2, fixed at right

page_text: angles to the side frames E, E', and traverse of the tubular structure a,
being formed, the inner surface of which is shaped or formed without a
top mandrel, by two. solid cylindrical rollers G, G', revolving with their
spindles G2 in bush bearings in the top of the side frames E, E¹, the
two rollers at H being both formed of hollow grooves, as shown in end
diagram at Figure 43ª, similar to those Hat Figures 37 and 33, so as
to turn over the edges of the sheet of metal a at the parts marked a³
in the several Figures at the dotted transverse lines 3----3. The new
annular grooves marked A³ are also formed in the centre of the lower
rollers, and the upper solid rollers G, G¹, to allow the griping tongs to
pass back to catch and pull the plate a through the narrow parallel
shaping space b, b1, between these lower and upper sets of rollers; the
spindles F², H², of the lower rollers at the bottom of the grooves A³,
and the recess A² in the back support D', carry up the weight of the
tongs c², c³, and guide them on to the front end of the blank form or
plate a. In this case, where the frame E is necessarily high, it is pre-
ferred, as in some of the other modifications of the drawing chain e, to
be traversed above the sole plate E³, as indicated in red lines at e¹ in
Figure 41. In this case, in which the curved edges of the lower.
rollers F, F, H and H', revolve parallel to the centre line and not to
the angle edges of the blank plate a being formed; curved brackets F*
are bolted to the side frames E, E³, between these rollers to carry and
guide the lower surface and curved outer edges from the one roller to
the other, as shown more particularly in the plan, Figure 40.
Figures 44 and 45, on Sheet 2, are a partial sectional elevation and
plan respectively of my improved arrangement of tube drawing and
shaping "bore" A, B, C, D, as described in reference to Figures 1 to 11,
on Sheet 1, fitted or mounted securely by screw bolts on the top of an
ordinary form of drawing frame or bench d, with the endless drawing.
chain e, shown as passing round its two-end pitch chain wheels g, g¹,.
carried on their revolving and actuating spindle and shaft h, h³, respec-.
tively working in bush bearings i, secured to the side frames d, d₁,
below; the driving shaft h¹ of the latter, which is shown as broken away
in the plan, being actuated by any ordinary power transmitting gearing,
such as wheels, pulleys, and belts, from any adjacent prime motion
shaft, or by motive engines direct, as desired. The back end B³ of the
"bore is placed adjacent to the front door of the furnace for
heating the blank forms a in a number at a time, one of which is drawn.
"

page_text: a plan respectively of a very similar arrangement of my improved modi-
fication of drawing and shaping "bores" to that shown and described
in reference to Figures 1 to 11 and 44 to 46, with the addition of new
or improved arrangements of parts for welding the joints of the tubes.
at the same time by the use of the narrow welding hollow grooved
roller I revolving in bearing brackets I projecting up from the front
end of the outer "bore" case B and B*, just over the front end C* of
the mandrel C, which is made solid at this front part, by preference, by
being cast in one with the two side wings C¹, C2, and both it and the
outer case B elongated in front from the main wedge-shaping part of
the "bore" B proper, so as to leave a considerable space J, J, between
it and the said welding roller I sufficient for the application and use of
a broad thin " nosed" blow pipe K, K', with hot air or inflammable
gases blown through and from it (such as is now sometimes used in
other machines for heating and welding purposes), placed at each side,
so as to superheat the two edges at of the partially formed tube plate a
at the parts a to a white or welding heat, when they are a little open,
and just before closing or overlapping at a³ to enter below the welding
roller I, a part of the top of the outer case B, on each side at J, J, being
cut away for the easier heating and application of the blow pipe K; and,
when preferred, a part of the mandrel at j,j, Figure 50, may also be
cut away for the same purpose. As in the former arrangements, where
the mandrel C is made solid, the new recess A is formed, as well as in
the elongated lower part of the outer casing at C*, B*, for the insertion
and traverse of the lower drawing tongs c², c³, c¹¹; and in this case there

page_text: is a new long rectangular slot L formed in the solid upper part of the
front part C* of the mandrel, just below where the welding roller I
presses for the insertion of a new welding bar L', fully longer than the
tube to be welded, and made to slide in the slot at the same rate or
along with the tube, with its upper surface segmental throughout, and
bearing up against the inner surface of the tube at a³, where it is closed
and welded over it by the action and pressure of the welding roller I.
The front end of the bar L' is drawn along by a knee piece L³ on its
front end hooking or catching on to the drawing tongs at c¹, or by
other equivalent means, as by making the front end of the tube itself
to pull the bar forward. By this means tubes or other hollow structures
may be welded at the same time or operation of forming them. And
it will be observed that this improved slot and bar L, L', may also be
applied to the machines such as heretofore used for welding purposes
only.
"
Figures 51, 52, 53, and 54, on Sheet 3, are side elevation, and back
and front end elevations, and a plan respectively of another modification.
or arrangement of the parts of a plate drawing and bending apparatus, or
'bore," embodying my said improvements as specially adapted for large,
tubular structures. In this modification the outer case B is formed in
two parts, with a vertical longitudinal joint up the centre, and bolted
together by flanges B along the top, and by their strong bottom.
flanges B¹¹ to the solid plate D, and the whole is secured by screw bolts.
to the top d of the drawing frame d. In this case there are two of
the new rectangular slots A. formed one on each inner side of the case.
of the "bore" B, in the plane of the axis of the cylindrical end
Figure 53, into which grooves A the duplex or double outer and inner.
jawed griper k slides, having a broad wedge k₁ attached to the inner
end of the hook lever c¹ working loose through a slot in the cross bar
of the griper k, so that when the lever c" is pushed back it slackens.
the two inner hinged jaws ¼" for the two sides or ears a* of the. hot
blank plate form a, kneed or "nosed" up for the purpose to enter
between these inner jaws k" and the outer fixed jaws ², when the
linking on of the hook c¹ of the gripers k into the drawing chain e
draws forward the wedge k¹ and tightens the jaws at each side and pulls.
it into and through the "bore" B, and forms it, first, into the U shape
of the back end of the "bore," Figure 52, and then gradually into
the cylindrical form of the finishing delivery end B* by folding and
B

page_text: "
curling the upper side edge of the U over against the arched contracted
or angled roof at B". Another form of core or mandrel C is shewn
as used, in this case, in the form of a short cylinder with rounded ends
and a long stem towards the back, held by the chain of such a length
and attached to the strong bracket m as to allow the cylindrical head
or mandrel C to be laid into the hot blank a by hand when desired
to be used close up to the gripers k, and traversing in along with the
blanks to the front B* of the "bore" shown dotted in, in Figure 54 where
it will shape the inner surface of the tube or large cylindrical structure,
as it is drawn through by the forward traverse of the gripers and chain,
all otherwise as described, in reference to the former modifications. The
blanks in this case may be "nosed" to the U shape and either entered
by hand into a guide rest D¹, D", or the back end B³ of the "bore or
the gripers may be allowed to guide and pull it into the open back end.
Figures 55, 56, 57, and 58 on Sheet 3 are respectively a side elevation,
plan, and back and front end view of a modification of shaping "bore " B,
much of the same construction as that just described in reference to.
Figures 51 to 54, but having a fixed mandrel C of a solid U shape at the
back end gradually converging or curling into the cylindrical form at the-
front end C* as shown in the detached side elevation, Figure 59. This
cylindrical end C* is inserted within the hollow front end B* of the outer
casing, and at the back end it is formed with strong lateral flanges C"
so as to be bolted on to similar flanges B" formed at the upper back.
end of the "bore," as a cover, as described in reference to Figures 35
to 39, so as to have the like U and cylindrical shaped narrow parallel
space b, b', between it and the outer casing B throughout for receiving
and shaping the blank a, pulled in this case through the narrow groove
by two pairs of gripers, such as shown and described in reference to
Figures 18 and 19, on Sheet 1, but acting and traversing horizontally
in the two new side recesses A. formed along the two inner sides of
the "bore" B, and the outer sides of the core or mandrel C for that.
purpose, the two .nippers being joined by any convenient links or chain
to the drawing chaine so as to draw and form the hollow sheet metal
cylindrical structure, all otherwise as herein-before described in reference.
to the former modifications.
Figures 60 and 61, on Sheet 3, are a sectional elevation and end view
respectively of an improved arrangement or form of differential "bore"
suitable for drawing, shaping, or finishing various sizes of cylindrical or
.

page_text: conical hollow plate metal structures, particularly applicable for doing
So with blanks (as partially formed by hand labour or in other
machines) termed "skelps". P, one of which is shown in longi-
tudinal plan in Figure 64, detached, showing the open gushet joint
which enables the mandrel C to be screwed by a lateral neck pro-
jecting out and up at the back and top end to a part of the stationary
frame. This arrangement shown in accordance with and embodying
my said improvements as applied to "bores" and worked out as
in this case for welding such said conical "skelps" P into solid
conical tubes. The "bore" proper in this case consists of a pair of
eccentric rollers Q, Q', with cylindrical peripheries turning close to
each other eccentrically at the same speed or rate or passing through
equal angles or divisions on and by their spindles q, q', working in
bush bearings in the side standards of the framing E geared together
for that purpose by the equal sized spur wheels q³, q", geared into each
other outside one of the side frames E and turned by a screw wheel r
on the lower roller q' by the screw spindle 71, 711, and its winch
handle at the opposite side of the frame E. The periphery of each
roller Q, Q¹ is formed with an eccentric semicircular groove of regular
varying diameter, shown as two equal half hollow circular cones round.
each half of their periphery, meeting at their widest and narrowest parts
as seen in Figure 60, so that in whatever position the rollers are turned
they will always form a hollow circular drawing rolling or shaping "bore'
of various diameters; in Figures 60 and 61, they are shown at their
smallest position with the stationary mandrel C as inserted with the
skelp" P, shown over it as entering the "bore" and with the welding
bar L' in its groove L at the upper part of the mandrel C, shown and
described in reference to Figures 47 to 50, on Sheet 2, and having the
new recess and groove A and A³, formed in the lower part of the
mandrel, and in the centre of the conically shaped groove or "bore" B
of the lower roller Q for the insertion and working of the gripers c², c³,
the points of which only are shown in Figure 60. The bottom of the
shaping and welding groove in the upper roller Q is made concentric
to its axial spindle q, so that it always rolls and presses equally on the
top of the "skelp" P, welding bar L', and stationary mandrel C so that
the top of the plate or "skelp" P, and bar L' are thus always drawn or
traversed in the same horizontal line, the lower surface of the conical
skelp" P coinciding at the points of contact with the surface of the
66
"

page_text: i
shaping groove B, or "bore" of the lower roller Q₁ at its varying
eccentric positions, both the inner and outer rolling and shaping surface
of this roller Q₁ being eccentric to its shaft q¹ the outer periphery of
these rollers Q, Q¹, are eccentric in the same direction to the extent of
half the difference of or between the extremes of the conical groove B,
and the bottom of the conical groove of the lower roller is eccentric to
its axis in the same direction also to the extent of double that of the
outer periphery. Thus then the turning of these pulleys Q, Q', by
the pulling of the "skelps" P, and bar L' through them or by the
turning of the screw handle 12 automatically or by hand simultaneously
shape and weld the hot conical "skelp
" P from the smallest to its
largest end, in which latter position it and the rollers Q, Q', are shown
(as having finished it) in the longitudinal section and edge view of the
rollers, Figures 62 and 63 respectively. When the drawing and welding
and turning of the rollers are done by the pulling of the blank form P
the screw spindle R" would be raised out of gear from the screw wheel r.?
When these rollers Q, Q', are used for shaping and welding cylindrical
structures of various diameters, they are simply turned round to the
exact size of bore required, and either with the small welding mandrel C
shown or with one inserted near the size of the tubes being treated, the
hot blanks (as P) can then be drawn through, all otherwise substantially
as hercin-before described by the action of the gripers and drawing chain.
In some cases the mandrel C may be made so as to be easily drawn
back out of the grooves B of the rollers Q, Q', so that the hot blanks or
66
skelps" P could be slipped on to it, and again fixed in position
ready for the shaping and welding to be instantly performed. In this
arrangement as in several of the others where deep rollers are used, it
is preferred to pass the actuating top line of the drawing chain e, through
between the lower roller Q' and the sole plate E' of the frame.
Figures 65, 66, 67, and 68, on Sheet 3, are end elevations of the mere
delivery ends B* of the outer shells of "bores" B, with their mandrels C
shown in section, and showing the parallel space b, b¹, between their
shaping surfaces, all respectively of the various parallel sectional forms
they are severally designed to make the hollow sheet metal structures
indicated by the red sectioning a in the said spaces 6; namely, a U or
gutter structure, a polygonal or hexagonal structure, a hollow fluted
structure, and a rectangular structure, showing the closing as abutting

page_text: in the two former, and in the latter as overlapping. Either one or two-
of the new recesses A or A³, A", are shown as formed in both the inner
surface of the "bore" B, and the outer surface of the mandrel C, close to
each other on each side of the hollow plate structure a for the insertion.
and use of one or two of the gripers, as herein-before described, which
by their action and that of the drawing chain draws and shapes these-
several forms of hollow plate structures, all essentially otherwise. as.
herein-before described in reference to the other modifications of these my
said improvements.
'
Figures 69, 70, and 71, on Sheet 3, are respectively a side and end
elevation and a plan of a modification of my improved arrangement of
bore" A, B, C, substantially the same as that described in reference
to Figures 1 to 11, on Sheet 1, shown as a differential shifting "bore" at:
the front delivery end B suitable for making various sizes of parallel or-
conical hollow plate structures in accordance with my said improvements
therefor. The plate D is firmly secured to the top d of the drawing
frame and the two rear ends B³ of the side checks B1, B2, with their
right and left half mandrels C', C2, secured to them, are secured by the
strong pivot joints M so that they are free to oscillate wider or closer-
at the front end Bx, but cannot rise or move off the plate. The two
front ends have the two right and left hollow screw studs N projecting.
down through the plate D into the recess f of the top of the drawing:
table d, having the transverse right and left screw spindle N¹ working.
across it into the two nuts N and end journal bearings near the top of
the recess f, so as to allow the drawing chain e free working room. The
front ends B are also held down by screw bolts and nuts M' though.
free to oscillate or move laterally by radial slots in the soles B¹¹¹ and
plate D'at the parts where the bolts M¹ and the right and left screw
studs N pass through them. The turning of the crank hand wheel O
fast on the outer end of the-screw spindle N¹. therefor in one direction or
the other either draws the two front ends B* nearer to each other or
forces them further apart at equal distances off the centre line or
groove A, which is made wide enough, when they are at their closest
useful working position, to allow the gripers to traverse to and fro in it.
Thus then when the front ends are set at different distances they will
produce different sized parallel hollow structures, or when moved by
hand or automatically (which could be done by an engaging and
disengaging motion taken from the chain e or its driving shaft h¹) while

page_text: "
the sheet blank or form a is being drawn through the "bore" a tapered
cr conical structure might be formed and delivered at the front with
the joint more or less closed or overlapped, as desired, the working of
this arrangement being all much otherwise as described in reference
to the other modifications. It will also be understood that these
"bores could be divided into parts transversely along their length and
the opposite halves or parts of the front sections be similarly screwed or
moved to and from each other by the right and left screw bushes N, and
spindle N¹ in a parallel manner instead of radially, as described, and
instead of these right and left-handed screws for moving the opposite
halves of the "bore" B, other equivalent mechanical movements can
be used such as cams, scrolls, or lever arrangement (as the " "togle"
joint) actuated from a turning spindle or single lever. Although these
new or improved slots or recesses A, A1, A2, A3, for the gripers to work
through the drawing and shaping "bores" or matrixes B, and their cores
or mandrels C have been described as passing quite through them longi-
tudinally, it is to be understood that they might be formed in some
cases only partially through them, where the blank plate or " skelp" a
or P could be shaped or "nosed" sufficient to be inserted in towards
the grooves and tongs, to enable it to be caught and pulled through by
the gripers; and these slots are essentially to be used in the said "bores"
where the plates and " skelps" a and P are drawn and shaped to the
cylindrical or other shaped structures as described by the action of.
drawing griper chains, and their drawing benches, such as heretofore
used, and well known and indicated in Figures 44 to 46 on Sheet 2.
And, although mandrels have been described and shown in most of the
drawing "bores" and matrixes it is to be understood that for many
purposes the mandrels need not be used, and the recesses A, A1, A2, A³,
therefore, in such cases would only require to be formed in the inner
surfaces of the outer shell or matrix B.
Although several varieties of tongs or gripers have been shown as
suitable for working in the single or double slots, some of them with new
features suitable for the circumstances in which they are shown, yet
still it is to be understood that I do not confine myself to the particular
form of gripers shown, as many others might be made equally suitable,
and the channels A, A', A³, A³, could be modified to suit particular
forms of gripers.

page_text: 66
""
or
Throughout this Specification the drawing action has been shown
and described as applied to the pulling of the plate or skelp" P
through the improved modifications or arrangements of the "bores
matrixes, this being the usual practice in such manufactures; yet still it
is to be understood that the plates or blanks might be held stationary by
holders or gripers and the improved "bores or matrixes traversed or
drawn over and along such holders and the hot plates or skelps," the
new or improved recess or recesses answering equally well in either.
case.
دو
Referring to the improvements under the second part or head of my
said Invention for bending or curling and shaping sheets of metal
longitudinally by a stamping action and machine along the whole
length of the plate, and by giving it a regular or intermittent steady
action transversely to the stamper or in the direction the plate
is bent.
66
Figures 1, 2, and 3, on Sheet 4, are respectively a plan and a side
and end elevation of a stamping machine, constructed in accordance
with and illustrative of one modification of my said improvements
under this second part or head, particularly adapted for bending long
plates into cylindrical and conical forms, structures, or "skelps," the
construction, arrangement, and action of the parts of which are as
follows: A long horizontal rounded face stamper A, A, and cor-
responding hollow faced anvil B, B³, are formed with strong trun-
nions" A¹, A¹, and B¹, B', at their extreme upper and lower edges and
ends respectively, by which they are supported in the two strong side
frames or cheeks C, C, of the machine. These cheeks, which are firmly
bolted to the extreme sides of a strong bed plate D, also support the
work or blank plate a, while it is being bent or curled, and the actuating
shafts and gearing of the machine. The stamper A requires only a
small vertical traverse to do the work or bend the plate a, and free
it again at each feed forward and stroke, while the cheeks C, C,
anvil B, and the stamper A all require to be strong and rigid to with-
stand the pressing action on the plate a. The stamper A requires to be
about the same length as the plate a to be bent or skelped," by
5 preference a little longer, to allow of the strengthening webs or
feathers A, A, at the ends, the width the cheeks C, C, are set apart,
limits the length of plate a, which can be acted upon by the machine.
"

page_text: The cheeks C, C, are bored out to receive the two large eccentrics F
and F, which have the bearings E (for receiving and carrying the trun-
nions A', A¹, of the damper A) bored through them eccentrically to
their bearing surfaces and so secured to the checks by the collars F¹, so
as to be free to vibrate in the cheek by the strong levers F³, F², cast or
formed on them, and having the strong actuating studs F3, F³, fixed in
their extremities. The pins F³ of the levers F are connected by the
pendent strong connecting rods or links G, G, to the pins H, II, of the
variable slotted cranks or discs H¹, H', and which are adjustable to
any length of stroke within the limits of their radial slots similar
to the well-known variable crank arrangement used in slotting machines.
These variable cranks H' are keyed on the ends of the cross shaft I,
which has a spur wheel J keyed on it, geared 'into the pinion K.
This pinion K is keyed upon the cross shaft L, on which a driving
belt pulley M is keyed, through which motion is communicated to
the machine. On motion thus being communicated to the machine
the stamper A receives a vertical stamping motion through the parts
described. The hollow face of the anvil B is kept opposite the under
edge of the stamper by the slot guide pieces A², A², working over the-
cog pieces B2, B3, cast on the end of the anvil B. Two guiding
oscillating links N, N, are pivoted by one end n to the strengthening
flanges A³, A³, cast on each end of the stamper; the other ends of each
link N extend back to a pin N' of a quadrant shaped slot N2 formed on the.
inside of the cheeks C, C, and adapted by the stud pivots N¹, N', to be:
fixed at any point of the quadrant shaped slots N². They are shown
fixed in an angular position to the line of descent of the stamper A, and
as there placed and fixed, divert the vertical motion of the stamper A in
a partly forward direction. The anvil B being also pivoted and free to
oscillate in its bearings in the cheeks C, C, and being connected at its
acting hollow surface to the stamper A by the slot pieces A², A², as
explained, thus receives from these guiding links N, N, a correspondingly
forward motion.
The plate or blank a to be " skelped or bent is
placed upon the table P, which has fitted to it a light sliding pad Q
which catches by a groove the back or following edge of the plate a;
seen in dotted lines in Figure 3; this sliding and feeding pad is shown
wrought by the screw R and hand wheel S in the manner of a lathe
slide rest, but can also be arranged in various ways to work automa-
tically by gear connected to any moving part of the machine. On the
€
"

page_text: A-
stamper A having its vibratory downward motion regulated by the
throw of the crank pins and crank H, H, and H³, H³, to the necessary
descent into the hollow face B* of the anvil B to produce the curve of
plate or diameter of “ skelp" required, the plate a is fed forward.
until it is caught between the edge A of the stamper and face B' of
the anvil and the curvature required imparted to it, as shown by the
"skelp" being formed at the front of the machine, as seen curled up
at a', in Figures 2 and 3, and more particularly in the transverse section,
Figure 4, of the stamper and anvil, taken on the line 1
--1 in Figure 2,
all by the forward motion communicated to the stamper A, also drawing.
forward the plate a in through between the stamper and anvil at each
stroke for another hold and fresh part of the plate to be curved, until
it is finally all bent or "skelped" there as required; and when finished
is received in part into the space, cavity, or recess formed at A³ on the
delivering side of the stamper, which for "skelping," is the essential
feature of this part of my Invention. The skelp" as thus finished in:
a hollow cylindrical form may be similar to that shown in end elevation
and broken side elevation respectively in Figures 5 and 6. Instead of
the hollow recess A³ being formed in the stamper A, as shown, by
having the hollow face in the stamper and the rounded edge formed on
the anvil, the recess to receive the "skelp" may be formed in the
anvil, and the stamper and feed motion may be arranged in various
ways, the essential feature of this part of my Invention is the hollow
recess A³ to receive the "skelp" a¹ being formed, combined with the
motions produced, and the general arrangement of this machine. By
having the trunnions A' of the stamper barrel shaped, and giving
to the different ends of the stamper a different degree of descent
into the hollow of the anvil by adjusting the crank pins H'of the
cranks H¹ to a different length of throw; a." skelp" can be formed of
a conical shape, as shown at a², in broken longitudinal elevation in
Figure 7.
Having thus particularly described my said Invention, and the manner
in which the same is or may be carried into effect or practice, I may
observe in conclusion, that I do not confine or restrict myself to the
precise details or arrangements which I have had occasion to describe,

page_text: Invention; neither, on the other hand, do I claim to have invented the
forms and constructions of many of the parts or their modes of attach-
ment and use by themselves specially, which I have had occasion to
describe and refer to for the purpose of making my said Invention
properly understood, as many of these may have been used in other
arrangements of plate bending mechanism, except in so far as these
have essential reference to or are combined with and form part of my
said Invention; but what I consider to be novel and original and
therefore claim as the Invention secured to me by the herein-before in
part recited Letters Patent is,―
First. The construction, arrangement, and use of the various distinct
modifications or arrangements of the parts or mechanism for drawing,
bending, or shaping and welding sheet metal structures, all substantially
in the new or improved manner, and for the purposes herein described
and shown in the accompanying Drawings under the first part or head
of my said Invention.
Second. The construction, arrangement, and use of one or more slots,
recesses, channels, ways, or grooves, within or through the shaping
surfaces of either or both of the bodies and cores of "bores," or other
rolling and shaping matrixes' generally and their mandrels for gripers to
work in, pass through and hold the plates or “skelps," while such plates
or skelps are either drawn through such bending and shaping
tools, or these tools are drawn over them for the forming of hollow metal
structures therefrom and thereby, substantially as herein described
and shown in the accompanying Drawings or any mere modification
thereof.
66
"
"
Third. The construction and arrangement of the parts of a stamping
machine for the bending and forming of metal plates into long hollow
cylindrical or conical "skelps or structures, in the direction of or
across their length, substantially in the new or improved manner and
for the purposes herein described and shown in the accompanying
Drawings.
Fourth. The forming of the stamper or anvil of stamping and bending
L

page_text: new or improved manner herein described and shown in the accom-
panying Drawings, or any mere modification thereof.
In witness whereof, I, the said James Robertson, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Tenth day of February, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-one.
Witness,
W. R. M. THOMSON,
Patent Agent,
20, Buchanan Street,'
Glasgow.
JAMES ROBERTSON. (L.s.)