IMPROVEMENTS IN FURNACES FOR THE MANUFacture of SULPHATE OF SODA OR HYDROCHLORIC ACID, OR FOR ROASTING OR CALCINING ORES OR FOR ANALOGOUS PURPOSES to be as follows:
Year: 1884

page_text: We WILLIAM BLACK of North Eastern Foundry South Shields in the County
of Durham Manufacturer and THOMAS LARKIN of East Jarrow South Shields
aforesaid Manager of Chemical Works do hereby declare the nature of our said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN FURNACES FOR THE MANUFacture of SULPHATE
OF SODA OR HYDROCHLORIC ACID, OR FOR ROASTING OR CALCINING ORES OR FOR
ANALOGOUS PURPOSES to be as follows:-
"
Our Invention consists in providing furnaces for the manufacture of Sulphate of
Soda or Hydrochloric acid or for roasting or calcining ores or for like operations
with fire places, so that the heat therefrom passes over and under a circular bed in
such a manner that the flames and gases from the fires are neither brought into
contact with the substance being treated upon the bed of the furnace nor into
contact with the machinery placed within the furnace for stirring the said
substance. The gases from the said substance are therefore prevented from
uniting with the waste gases of the fires and the machinery is not subjected to an
excessive heat, liable to cause fracture of the machinery-In constructing a furnace
according to our Invention the bed is made of fire clay quarls metal plates or other
suitable material. The said bed is provided with a hole in the centre through
which is passed and fixed a tube of fire clay, cast iron, or other suitable material
which serves to protect the shaft, in passing through the flue from being exposed to
an undue amount of heat.
The lower fireplaces are preferably all placed at one end and they have a great
area arranged to afford and distribute the required heat under the bed. The heat
from the bottom fires is conducted under the bed either by what are known as
"flash flues" or by return Hues into the main flue. The upper fire places are
placed preferably at the end opposite to that at which the lower fireplaces are
situated and the products from them are carried over the cover of the bed of the
furnace by means of flues until they reach the opposite end of the furnace where
they pass into the main-flue, or they may be brought down and under the bed by
return Hues and then be passed into the main flue. The cover of the bed of the
furnace may be made of quarls, cast iron plates, or other suitable materials. These

page_text: quarls or plates may be supported by the lower flanges of a girder or girders or in
any other manner so as to prevent escape through the said cover.
In this construction of furnace the chamber bounded on the bottom side by the
bed and on the top side by the cover has no direct communication with any of the
flues which lead from any of the fireplaces. The said chamber is fitted with doors
of such dimensions and in such number as will allow the charge to be withdrawn
when finished. The said charge may be introduced into the chamber by means of
a channel leading into the furnace from a decomposing pan or by any other
convenient method. Where a decomposing pan is used it may be heated by the
beat from the main flue of the furnace. The gas from the charge may be taken
from the furnace by means of an aperture in the side or other available part of the
furnace and in such a manner that it shall be free from contact with the products
of combustion from the fires. The machinery for stirring or agitating the materials
under operation consists of arms carried by a rotating shaft and having stirrers or
scrapers hung on them in a position suitable for stirring or agitating the materials.
The flames are prevented from impinging on the shaft by means of the aforesaid
tube and the shaft is fitted with a lute at the bottom end of the said tube outside
the furnace to effect a closure at this part. The shaft may be steadied at the top
end by a bracket fixed on one of the girders which support the cover. The bottom
end of the shaft may be supported on a footstep and be rotated by spur or other
suitable gear.

page_text: We WILLIAM BLACK of North Eastern Foundry South Shields in the County
of Durham Manufacturer and THOMAS LARKIN of East Jarrow South Shields
aforesaid Manager of Chemical Works do hereby declare the nature of our
invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN FURNACES FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF SULPHATE
OF SODA OR HYDROCHLORIC ACID OR FOR ROASTING OR CALCINING ORES OR FOR
ANALOGOUS PURPOSES and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
Our Invention consists in providing furnaces for the manufacture of sulphate of
Soda or Hydrochloric acid or for roasting or calcining ores or for like operations
with separate fire places so that the heat therefrom passes over and under a box
chamber or receptacle (preferably circular) for the matter to be treated in such a
manner that the flames and gases from the fires are neither brought into contact
with the matter being treated upon the bed of the furnace nor into contact with
the machinery for stirring the said substance. The gases from the said substance
are therefore prevented from uniting with waste gases of the fires and the
machinery is not subjected to an excessive heat liable to cause fracture of the
machinery.
We will describe our Invention with reference to the accompanying drawings
wherein Figure 1 and 2 are sections at right angles to each other and Figure 3 is a
plan of a furnace constructed according to our Invention-In constructing a
furnace according to our Invention the bed a is made of fire clay quarls metal
plates or other suitable material The said bed and also the bottom of the flue
beneath are provided with holes in the centre through which is passed and fixed a
tube b of fire clay cast iron or other suitable material which serves to protect the
shaft cat the part passing through the flue from being exposed to an undue
amount of heat. The said tube when of metal may be protected by fire clay
as at b³.
"
The lower fire places (one of which is shewn at d) are preferably all placed at
one end and they have a grate area arranged to afford and distribute the required
heat under the bed a. The heat from the bottom fires is conducted under the said
bed either by what are known as "flash flues or by return flues into the main
flue-The upper fire places (one of which is shewn at e) are placed preferably at the
end opposite to that at which the lower fireplaces d are situated and the products
from them are carried over the covers f of the furnace by means of flues until they
reach the opposite end of the furnace where they pass into the main flue or they
may be brought down and under the bed by return flues and then be passed into
the main flue. The cover of the furnace may be made of quarls cast iron plates
or other suitable materials These quarls or plates may be supported by the lower
flanges of a girder or girders as shewn at g. Figure 2 or in any other suitable
manner so as to prevent escape through the said cover f.
In this construction of furnace the box chamber or receptacle bounded at the
bottom side by the bed a and on the top side by the cover f has no direct
communication with any of the flues which lead from any of the fireplaces. The
said box chamber or receptacle is fitted with doors (for example as at a²) of such
dimensions and in such number as will allow the charge to be withdrawn when
finished. The said charge may be introduced into the said box chamber or
receptacle by means of a channel or pipe as at h leading into the furnace from a
decomposing pan as at i or by any other convenient method. Where one or more
decomposing pans are used they may be heated from the main flue of the furnace.

page_text: The gas from the charge may be taken from the furnace by means of an aperture in
the side or other available part of the furnace and in such a manner that it shall be
free from contact with the products of combustion from the fires. In the drawing
a pipe j is shewn for this purpose-The machinery for stirring or agitating the
materials under operation consists of arms c carried by the rotating shaft c and
having stirrers or scrappers c³ hung on them in a position suitable for stirring or
agitating the materials The flames are prevented from impinging on the shaft c
by means of the aforesaid tube b and the said shaft is fitted with a lute at the
bottom end of the said tube outside the furnace as at c to effect a closure at this
part The shaft may be steadied at the top end by a bracked k fixed on one of the
girders which support the cover-The bottom end of the shaft may be supported
on a footstep c and be rotated by spur or other suitable gear is the outlet for
gas from the pan i.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said
Invention and in what manner the same is to be performed we declare that what
we claim is
1st In furnaces of the description hereinbefore mentioned the employment of fire
places so arranged that the heat is applied separately and from separate fires to the
bottom and the top of the box chamber or receptacle containing the matters under
treatment and so that the products of combustion from the fires do not come into
contact with the said matters substantially as hereinbefore described.
2nd In furnaces of the description hereinbefore mentioned arranging the
machinery by which the materials under treatment are agitated or stirred, sub-
stantially in the manner and for the purpose of protecting the same as hereinbefore
described and illustrated by the accompanying drawings.
3rd The arrangement and combination of parts constituting a furnace for the
herein before mentioned purpose substantially as herein before described and illus-
trated in the accompanying drawings.
"
Dated the 16th day of July 1884,
. Witness to the signature of the said
William Black and Thomas Larkin
J. CALVERT ROLLIN.
WILLIAM BLACK.
THOMAS LARKIN.