OR IMPROVED MACHINERY OR MECHANISM FOR ROLLING, STRAIGHTENING, GRINDING, POLISHING, FINISHING METAL BARS OR TUBES
Year: 1877

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Farmer, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North
Britain, Engineer, for the Invention of "NEW OR IMPROVED MACHINERY OR
MECHANISM FOR ROLLING, STRAIGHTENING, GRINDING, POLISHING,
FINISHING METAL BARS OR TUBES."
AND
ealed the 18th January 1878, and dated the 24th November 1877
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Farmer at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 24th November 1877.
JOHN FARMER, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North Britain, Engineer'
"NEW OR IMPROVED MACHINERY OR MECHANISM FOR ROLLING, STRAIGHTENING'
GRINDING, POLISHING, AND FINISHING METAL BARS OR TUBES."
This Invention has reference to the rolling, straightening, polishing, and finishing
of round bars and tubes of iron and other metal in an improved manner, in and by
new or improved constructions or arrangements of rolling inills or machinery with
angled or oblique rollers or discs for the said purpose, and which are more accurate
and efficient in their action, and more easily regulated and controlled than those
heretofore in use, to effect the work and suit various sizes of the bars or tubes;
while some of the improved arrangements of the mechanism suit also for the
polishing and burnishing of each bar or tube.
And the nature and novelty of the Invention or improvements consist all as
follows:-
First. Under one modification the Invention consists in the new or improved con-
struction of a rolling machine or general arrangement of machinery for the purpose
stated, having a pair of improved (edge running) rolling and pressing angled or
oblique rollers, mounted over each other with the hot or cold iron or steel or other
metal bar or tube, fed or rolled in between them, nearly parallel to their axis and
in the same vertical plane through these when in their central position, and rolling
truly parallel with each other, so as only to roll or turn the bar or tube without
A

page_text: giving it any feeding-in, or end forward, or back motion which is given, all as will
herein-after be more fully explained, by the oscillation of their shafts or axes in
opposite angular directions on a vertical axis at right angles to and through the
centre line of the rollers in a transverse plane, the rate or velocity of this end or
friction-angled or screw-revolving motion increasing in proportion to that of the
angles off the said vertical plane, and vice versa.
.
Each roller is fixed in the middle of its strong short shaft, mounted in bushed
screw cover bearings at the adjacent upper and lower parts of their carrying frames
or housings, made preferably in a hollow cylindrical form, strengthened with ribs
and longitudinal feathers inside, and truly turned on the outside web to fit the
internal barrel part of the outer main frame; also preferably made cylindrical and
strengthened by end and other flanges-and-longitudinal-feathers, with openings
through its sides for feeding in the bars or tubes, and for getting at the working
parts, all carried on and with this frame, which is portable or self contained, and
firmly secured to a suitable strong foundation, preferably with the tangential
feeding-in part between the rollers near the level of the floor, where the new or
improved fixed or non-moving feeding-in table would be secured to the sides of the
outer frame and to the foundation or blocks' in the mill floor, with its upper surface
at the finishing delivery side, set by screw setting-up pinching screws and wedges,
exactly. level or in a tangential line with the rolling periphery of the under roller,
and the feeding-in plate rather lower to allow of a slight eccentric action of the
rear or unstraightened part of the bar or tube in the act of being rolled and
straightened.
The outer main cylindrical frame is fitted and secured to a strong bottom end
or sole plate, fitted with a ring turned on the upper edge, or with antifriction rollers::
for supporting the internal hollow swivelling frame or housing of the lower roller
and its axle, the ring being raised and lowered by pinching screws through the
bottom from the outside.
The under roller is actuated from a shaft carried in journal bush bearings below
its axle in the hollow housing, through spur wheels on the shaft and axle at one
side, and through a bevel wheel on the shaft at the other gearing into a corresponding
wheel on the upper end of a vertical shaft, all within the hollow housing below the
roller, and carried in journal bush bearings in the centre of the bottom end of the
housing frame and lower end of the sole plate, and driven by bevil gearing from a
horizontal first-motion shaft carried in journal-bearing pillow blocks on the foun- 3
dation below the sole plate, the vertical shaft being connected to its driving wheel
below by a groove or feather, so as to rise and fall by its collar journal with the
housing.
The upper roller is actuated by a similar or inverted arrangement of shafts and
gearing above the roller and within and above its housing, fitted and swivelling 4
within the upper part of the main outer frame, all in the same axial line through
this frame, which is fitted above with a strong top or cover frame carrying the
journal bearings of the upper horizontal driving shaft, gearing with and actuating
the upper centre, and driven by bevil wheels at its outer end from a vertical shaft
carried in bush bearing brackets at one side of and formed on or secured to its upper 4
and lower end frames; this vertical shaft being driven from the lower horizontal or
first-motion shaft before mentioned, all preferably through mitre, bevil, or spur
wheels at the same speed, so that the oblique rolling and straightening rollers may
revolve at the same surface rate, but in opposite directions, to roll the bar or tube
inserted between them by their frictional action, and at the same time screw it in 5
or out, or to and from, proportional to the angle given to these rollers, equally in
opposite directions by the swivelling of their housing within the main frame. This
upper housing is carried and raised and lowered through a turned or grooved ring
secured to its upper end, all swivelling or revolving on a carrying and pressing
non-revolving ring, fitted with groove and feathers in the upper cover or end of the 5
outer frame, the non-revolving ring being carried by two or more screw spindles
working in deep nuts in the ring and in fixed journal bearings in the
upper end

page_text: cover, so as to be actuated simultaneously by spur wheels on their upper ends
through a pinion gearing into both, and a han-wheel shaft, or through a band-
screw shaft conveniently fitted at the one side of the feeding-in part of the outer
frame for raising or lowering the upper housing and angular acting roller, in which-
ever position they may be swivelling or set, to give the desired pressure on the bar
or tube to roll and straighten it.
.
These lower and upper housings with their rollers and driving gear are bored and
fitted so as to swivel and rise and fall steadily within the outer frame, as stated,
equally and simultaneously in opposite directions by deep segmental spur wheels on
one side near the middle, opposite a recess in the outer frane, through which screws
or worms on transverse shafts work, carried in bearing brackets on the outside of
the frame, and preferably lying at an angle, so that the actuating side of the threads
or screws work parallel to the teeth of the segmental wheels in the bearings, the
two shafts being geared and actuated by one vertical shaft, and bevil wheels at their
outer ends carried in bearing brackets conveniently at the feeding-in side of the
main frame, so as by a hand wheel on the vertical shaft to turn the lower and upper
housings and their rollers equally to any reverse angle required to give the rate
of feed or longitudinal traverse desired to the bar or tube in either direction
between the angled running and pressing rollers; or it might be done automatically
by a motion from the main draft shaft.
This up-and-down movement of the upper housing and its reverse angular position
or action are indicated by a fixed pointer or index in front of the main frame,
opposite a recess formed through it, and horizontal division lines and angular
vertical lines cut or indicated on the circumferential surface of the housing seen
through this recess opposite the index pointer, which at once shows the height and
angle of the housing to the person working the handles of the spindles controlling
the said motions of the housing.
are
The rolling surface or circumference of the improved swivelling rollers, which
made of chilled hard iron smoothly turned, or ground and polished, are both slightly
rounded on the entering side, but parallel or cylindrical beyond this, with rounded
edges so as to bear smoothly and solidly on the bar or tube and prevent marking its
surface while rolling and strengthening it, so as to straighten the bars or tubes to
their very end.
Another improvement consists in forming and fitting hollow gun metal or other
removeable and adjustable steadying metal guides in slides on the fixed table
between the rollers and on each side of, and made segmental to near the size of, the
bar or tube being rolled and straightened, and with perforations through the seg-
mental face for allowing jets of water to be forced through from the hollow
chamber on to the hot surface of the roller, and part of the bar being rolled and
straightened.
The holders or slides of these water-jet guides are set out and in to suit the size
of bar by one or two screws in each passed out through recesses formed in the sides
of the outer frame for actuating them from the outside by screw gearing or hand
wheels in such a manner as to thoroughly steady the bar or tube without gripping
or causing friction.
A longitudinal guide with vertical flange is fitted to shift and be set by slots and
screw bolts or pinching screws to the one side of the feeding-in and delivery-table
to suit the size of bar or tube, with rounded surface segmental or kneed-angle guide
brackets on the other side, or brackets fitted with loose revolving rings or hollow
pulleys made large enough to take in bars or tubes of the maximum size, might be
so secured and set laterally to bear on opposite sides of the revolving bar or tube as
to steady it with the least possible amount of friction. In this new or improved
vertical arrangement of rolling and strengthening machine with swivelling rollers
and their gearing, it will be seen that the longitudinal forward and backward
frictional screw action of the bars or tubes is easily got in both directions without
the usual complicated raising and lowering table with the new or improved simple
arrangement of stationery table herein-before described, and that as the under roller
A 2

page_text: sustains nearly the whole weight of the bars or tubes while passing through the
machine the table does not wear or get out of order and prevent the proper action
of the machine as the movable tables do.
Although for the latter reason the vertical arrangement of this machine as
-described is preferred, it is to be understood that it could be ranged horizontally or
at a slight angle with the outer framing, supported on a suitable foundation, and
although this main outer framing has been described as cylindrical, it could be made
open, with four or more pillars or beams with ring or segmental guides secured
thereto, for carrying and guiding the internal swivelling and longitudinally moving
housings of the rollers and their driving gearing; and the first-motion shaft might be
driven by wheel gearing and engaging and disengaging couplings from any other
adjacent motion shaft of the works, or by a special small portable motive engine of
its own secured on the same frame or other sole plate close to it; and all the journal
bearings of the rollers-and their driving-gearing inside the housings and frame
would preferably be fitted with hollow boxes for containing oil or other lubricant to
save frequent stopping of the machinery for lubricating purposes.
Another improvement has reference to the class of mills which roll and straighten
metal bars and tubes by passing them through between the adjacent faces of two
compressing and rolling angled or bevelled dises turning in opposite directions on
the ends of horizontal arrangements of angled or parallel shafts; and it consists in
mounting these shafts each in bush bearings within opposite swivelling frames or
housings (in an outer fixed frame) turning on the axes of central driving shafts
revolving in bush bearings in the centre of both frames, and geared by spur or
slightly angled wheels to the shafts of the discs carried in equidistant eccentric
bearings, and driven at the same speed and in the same or reverse direction (according
as it is the same or opposite edges of the discs which act to roll the har) by gearing
or belts, preferably from one common driving or first-motion shaft at one side of
the machine; also that the shafts of the discs can be simultaneously turned to equal
angles in the same or reverse direction on opposite sides of the central plane where
the bars or tubes are fed through between by the segmental wheels and screws
working in them, herein-before described in reference to the new or improved
machine or mill before described. Thus the disc-rolling bar straightening
machines could also be worked with the improved or simple stationery feeding
tables and guards herein-before described, and either erected and worked hori
zontally as at present, or at an angle, vertically, with the advantages herein-
before described. And the end shift or inotion could be given to the swivelling
frame or housings carrying their shafts and internal driving gearing by screws
and wheels, all substantially as described in reference to that of the first part of this
Invention; or it might be by centre screws working direct on the free outer ends
of the disc shafts. When these new or improved arrangements of edge-running 4
rollers and angle face acting discs are placed horizontally, the under table or guide
bed below the bar or tube may be formed with hollow water segmental guide
blocks of gun metal or chilled iron, with water jets acting between the rollers or
working surfaces, such as described in reference to the side guide blocks of the first
arrangement, and in this ease with the new stationery tables there would be a fixed 4
or stationery top guide fitted above the bar or tube and the said lower water rest
between the rollers which will act all as the two side guides in the new vertical
arrangement, to retain and straighten the bars to the very end, which side or top
guides might have parallel or angular running guide rollers mounted in them; and
the ring guides above the table might be formed with: hollow water chambers for 5
the circulation of water to keep them cool. These ring guides, and the long vertical
feather or angle-iron guide, and front side segmental or angle knee guides, could all
be set by screws to suit the different size of bars or tubes, while the oscillating
motion for giving their different rate of longitudinal feeding traverse would by
these improvements be given by the shafting of the housings or frames carrying the 5
rollers or discs and driving gear; and although these housings or frames have been
described as swivelled in the same or opposite directions, it is to be understood that

page_text: in the horizontal or angular arrangements of the discs they might be raised or
lowered on strong slide frames above or below the stationery table to give the
different degrees of angular and longitudinal action, and be shifted endways to suit
the different sizes of bars or tubes in relation to the improved fixed table, in their
slide frames or other equivalent simultaneously by a hand-wheel spindle geared to
each screw spindle by toothed wheels or screw and wheel.
"
Another improvement consists in fitting oscillating or reciprocating polishing
blocks, preferably segmental, to near the curve of the bars or tubes (or burnishers)
over or under these, worked by regulating weighted or spring-pressure levers, or it
might be screw spindles, for polishing the outer surface of the bars or tubes from end
to end close up to the sides of the rollers, which being rolled and straightened in
these improved mills, the under polishers working up through the stationery
table.
In the horizontal arrangement with double discs which roll with the corresponding
or same side of their rims, the adjustment for having the axes of their shafts in the
horizontal plane through the axis of the bars or tubes of different diameters on the
stationery feeding-in table or bed plate, when the discs are true to each other, for
only revolving the bar without any angular feeding-in or back traverse may be
effected by having different suitable sizes or thicknesses of guides for the respective
sizes of bars or tubes, to he secured below these on the fixed guide table or plate;
or otherwise by having one or both screws which turn the housings or frames fixed
by friction clutches and jam nuts, or other equivalent, to their actuating spindles, so
as to set or adjust these and fix the screws to suit any particular size of bars or
Lubes just before commencing to roll and straighten them.
The horizontal arrangement of edge or circumferential bearing rollers, whether
made with parallel rolling and pressing surfaces, or with the central part of the one
and the two end parts of the other only hearing and rolling on the surface of the
bars or tubes, might have each roller mounted in segmental bush bearing frames,
oscillating in a corresponding strong bed frame, and swivelled to the said opposite
angles in either direction simultaneously by screws and screw wheels, or other
equivalent, and have the frames shifted to or from each other, und fixed to suit the
different diameters of bars or tubes to be rolled and straightened by simple right
and left intermediate coupling screws between them, or other equivalent, as before
described.
Another simple arrangement of the first modification of the vertical edge running
rollers for straightening short parallel spindles or tubes consists in making the
rollers nearly as wide as the length of the spindles or tubes, and mounting them in
their housings to swivel on an axis near their entering end, and in swivelling
these within the outer frame at one side by a simple two-armed fork or pronged
hand lever, the prongs working in vertical slots in the housings, to allow of
them being raised or lowered by hand screws above or below the rollers, which
are driven from an overhead shaft by belts passed over pulleys on the opposite
ends of their shafts, and which would effectually straigthen the short cylindrical
articles by a traverse backwards and forwards or so, and then bring the rollers
even in the same plane, which would give them al few rolls round at the
parallel bearing parts of the rollers and make them quite true before delivering them
quite straight and cylindrical throughout.
These swivelling edge rollers and dise machines, as described, may be wrought in
pairs when desired, set at a convenient distance apart, and have a grinding wheel or
wheels (which may be of any grinding substance) fitted between the two machines,
and guide the bar or tube being ground and polished in suitable guides under or at
the sides of the grinding wheel or wheels, with a die or gauge of the exact diameter
the bar is required to be ground to on the delivery side.
The grinding wheels may be actuated by a band, lever, screws, or otherwise, to
give the pressure on the bar or tube under operation; or instead of these rollers
or revolving cylinders stationery grinding blocks might be similarly fitted and
used.

page_text: The slueing gear of the two machines for imparting the backward and forward
and circular motion is preferably connected together and worked by a bell or with
shafts and clutches.
The handle for working the clutches or the belts is placed convenient to the
handle for working the grinder; in this way the bar or tube under operation can
be retained a longer or shorter time at different parts of its lengths under the
grinder, as the parts are larger or smaller in diameter than the required size the bar
or tube is required to be ground down to; and in order to know exactly the length
of time each part of the bar or tube should remain under the grinder to get it ground
to the same diameter, the point or points of a lever or levers are placed under the
guides or between the grinding wheels, this lever being fulcrummed near the bearing
end, and the other arm made long, as a long index pointer, having its point working
over-a-correspondingly divided segmental index, which will show at once the irregu-
larities of the bar or tube revolving, and allow the large parts to be ground-dewn to
the exact diameter before passing the grinder.
The point of the lever which rests against the bar or tube while passing the
grinder is fitted with a hard rounded surface or diamond to insure accuracy;
opposite the point where this lever rests on the bar a suitable guide may be placed
with a plain or rolling surface, but so that it does not yield or readily wear as the
bar or tube passes through.
Instead of one pointer index with guide behind, as described, double pointers or
levers may be employed, jointed as a pair of calipers, embracing the bar by the
short arins and having the index long arins passing over separate segmental indexes,
which would show the size of the bar very accurately, and the attendant might
have a
Whitworth or other gauge in his hand, or mounted on a hand lever close
to the delivery side of the grinder, for the regular trial and verification that the
index and grinder were acting right and delivering the bar exactly parallel.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said John Farmer in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 24th May
1878.
JOHN FARMER, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North Britain, Engineer.
NEW OR IMPROVED MACHINERY OR MECHANISM FOR ROLLING, STRAIGHTENING,
GRINDING, POLISHING, AND FINISHING METAL BARS OR TUBES."
My said Invention has reference to the rolling, straightening, polishing, and
finishing of round bars or tubes of iron, steel, and other metal, in an improved
manner in and by new or improved constructions or arrangements of rolling mills
or machinery with angled or oblique rollers or discs for the said purpose, and
which are more accurate and efficient in their action, and more easily regulated and
controlled than those heretofore in use, to effect the work and suit various sizes of
the bars or tubes; while some of the improved arrangements of the mechanisin suit
also for the polishing and burnishing of each bar or tube.
And in order that the full nature, novelty, and mode of performing my said
Invention may be properly understood, 1 shall now proceed to describe the several
Figures on the accompanying four Sheets of Drawings, which I have hereunto
appended for the purpose of showing the best modes and means I am at present
aware of for putting the Invention into effect. or practice; the same reference
letters and numerals indicating the same or equivalent parts in all the Figures
where seen.
זי
On Sheet 1 of the Drawings, Figures 1 and 2 are a right-hand sectional side
elevation and plan corresponding to each other; and Figure 3 is a front end vertical
section at right angles to Figures 1 and 2 (but showing the driving or motivé-
power steam engine in side elevation, not shown in these views), all of a vertical
arrangement and combination of the parts of my improved bar or tube rolling and
straightening machine, with oblique edge sueing rollers A, A', constructed in
accordance with and illustrative of one modification of my said Invention:
Figure 4 is a front end elevation of the outer main frame 1), D', of the machine,
corresponding to, but at right angles to Figure 1, showing the moving index
handle, and stationary division plate o² for setting the main rollers A, A¹, and
their internal cylindrical carrying frames C, C, to suit the diameter of the bars or
tubes 2, and the velocity of their longitudinal traverse; and Figure 4 A is a front
elevation of the same index a, a, to a large scale.
Figure 5 is a back elevation of the outer main frame D, DI, D", of the machine,
showing the gearing in section for the reverse oscillating or slueing of the main
rollers A, A, and their internal cylindrical carrying frames C, C¹.
Figure 6 is a horizontal section of the machine taken near the lines 1 - 1 in
Figure 1, but to an enlarged scale to show the construction and slucing action of the
rollers A, A, and their carrying frame C, C¹, and actuating gearing more clearly.
Figure 7 is a horizontal section of the machine through the main frame D, taken
near the lines 2-2 over the bar =, being rolled in Figures 1 and 3, corresponding
to Figure 1, showing the construction and mode of actuating the water box side
guides shown in transverse section in Figure 3..
Figures 8 and 9 show a detached, transverse, and a horizontal section respectively
of one of these water-box side guides k, K, to a large scale.
Figures 10 and 11 are a detached plan and vertical elevation of the raising and
lowering ring E" of the internal cylindrical, carrying and slueing frame C¹ of the
upper roller A¹ and its gearing.
Figure 12 is a horizontal sectional elevation of part of the delivery floor table Z
of the bar or tube 2, being rolled, showing an arrangement of antifriction or carrying
and feeding forward roller M and its swivelling frame M1.
Referring to the machine and modification shown in Figures 1 to 7 on Sheet 1,
its construction and improvements consist all as follows, namely:-In having a pair
of improved (edge running) rolling and pressing angled, slueing, or oblique rollers

page_text: A, A, each mounted over the other, with the hot or cold iron, or steel, or other
metal bar or tube fed or rolled in between nearly horizontal or parallel to their
axis, and in the same vertical plane through these when in their central position,
and rolling truly parallel with each other, so as only to roll or turn the bar or
tube z without giving it any feeding-in or end forward or back motion, which is
given, all as will be herein-after more fully explained, by the slueing or oscillation
of their shafts or axes B, B1, in opposite angular directions on a vertical axis a a
at right angles to and through the centre line of the rollers A, A', in a transverse
plane (as indicated by the line aa¹, and seen particularly in Figure 6), the
lower roller A and its shaft B being indicated in dotted lines, the rate or velocity
of this end or friction angled or screw revolving forward or backward motion of the
-bar or-tube-z-increasing in proportion to the angles off the said vertical plane
a- a through its axis, and vice versa.
Each of the rollers A¹, A¹, is fixed in the middle of its strong shaft B or B',
mounted in bush screw cover bearings B at the adjacent upper and lower parts of
the carrying and slueing frames or housings C, C¹, nade preferably in a hollow
cylindrical form, strongly strengthened with ribs and longitudinal feathers inside,
and truly turned on the outside web to fit the internal barrel part D of the outer
main frame D, D', D; also preferably made cylindrical and strengthened by end
and other flanges and longitudinal feathers with openings d, d, through its sides,
for feeding in the bars or tubes, and for getting at the working parts, all carried
on and within this frame D, D¹, D", which is portable or self-contained, and firmly
secured to a suitable strong bed plate D' bolted down to a suitable foundation of
masonry within a recess DII in the rolling-mill floor, preferably with the tangential
feeding-in part between the rollers near the level of the floor Z, Z1, where the new
or improved fixed or non-moving feeding-in table z¹ would be secured within the
recess, d, by the raising and lowering or setting brackets on the slides z² on
the sides of the outer frame D and to the receiving and delivery blocks or tables
Z, Z1 of the mill floor; and fitted with setting-up pinching screws ell, or it might
be wedges or other equivalent so as to set up the upper surface of the delivery
platform 2, Z, exactly level, or in a tangential line with the rolling periphery of
the under roller A on the delivery side, but preferably having the part of the plate
, 2, on the feeding-in side close to the rollers A, A', rather lower to allow of
a slight eccentric action of the rear or unstraightened part of the bar or tube
the act of being rolled and straightened; this feeding-in and delivery plate being
connected to the feeding-in and delivery bed plates Z, Z1, of the mill floor by short
level plates 3, as shown particularly in Figure 1.
in
The outer main centre cylindrical frame D is fitted and secured to a strong
bottom or sole plate D, D', fitted with a ring E turned on the upper edge,
preferably with antifriction rollers e for supporting the internal hollow swivelling
frame or housing C of the lower roller A at its axle B; the ring E being raised
and lowered by pinching screws e', or other equivalent, through the bottom D₁ from
the outside.
The under roller A and its shaft B are actuated from a shaft b carried in journal
bush bearings 611 in the hollow housing C below the bush bearings B₁ of the
shaft B, by the spur wheels 61, 62, on the shaft B, b, on one side, and through the
bevel wheel on this shaft 6 on the other side, gearing into a corresponding
wheel on the upper end of a vertical shaft F; all within the hollow housing C
below the roller A, and carried in journal bush bearings F1, F, in the centre of
the bottom end of the housing frame C and lower centre of the sole plate D' of
the outer stationary frame D, D', all as seen in Figure 1. The lower end of this
shaft F, as seen in Figure 3, is carried in the footstep bearing F secured to the
lower foundation plate G, carrying the intermediate transmitting horizontal driving
shaft H in pillow blocks G' and footstep bearing I' of the vertical shaft I, actuated
through the three sets of mitre wheels j, j', i, i, h, h', from the upright steam
engine J, J, the crank shaft J' of which is carried in journal bearings in the top o
the two strong upright frames J11, J2, the latter of which carries the upper bearing

page_text: bracket 1 of the vertical shaft I; the arrows in Figure 3 indicating the direction
of motion.
The upper roller A¹ and its shaft B are actuated by a similar or equivalent
inverted arrangement of shafts b', F1, and spur and bevel gearing b", b², f, ƒª¹, above
the roller A, and within and above its housing fitted and swivelling within the
upper part of the main outer frame D above the side holes d, d, for leading in and
delivering the bar to be rolled, all in the same axial line a--a through the
cylindrical frame D..
The frame D is fitted above with a strong top or cover frame D carrying the
journal bearings F and H of the vertical shaft F1, and the inner end of the
upper horizontal driving shaft H geared by the wheels i, 2, the upper end of the
shaft H being coupled and driven direct at H2 of the crank shaft of the engine,
so as to actuate the upper centre shaft F1 at the same speed as the engine, and the
lower shaft and the adjacent circumferences of the two rollers A, A, preferably
at the same speed and in the opposite direction to each other, so as to roll the
bar z between them by their surface rolling and gripping action, all as indicated
by the arrows in Figure 3, without any tendency to carry the bar to one side or
the other, although steadying guides are shown fitted to keep it in central position
below the rollers. Or when desired, the lower shaft H may be driven direct by the
engine below the floor of the rolling mill, and have the upper shaft H geared
direct to the vertical shaft I and lower shaft H through the wheels j,, and i, i,
respectively, all so that the oblique running rollers A, A, as described, inay revolve
at the same surface rate, but in opposite directions, to roll the bar or tube inserted
between them by their frictional action, and at the same time screw it in or out,
or to and fro longitudinally, proportional to the angle given to these rollers, equally
in opposite directions, by the swivelling of their housings C, C, within the main
frame D. This upper housing C¹ of the upper roller A¹ is carried and raised and
lowered through a turned rim or grooved ring or segmental brackets El secured to
its upper end, all swivelling or revolving on a carrying and pressing non-revolving
ring E, fitted with groove and feather et in the upper cover or end D of the
outer frame, as seen detached in Figures 10 and 11; the non-revolving ring being
carried by two or more screw spindles E2 working in deep nuts in the ring E" and
in the fixed journal bearings in the upper end cover D, so as to be actuated simul-
taneously by two spur wheels E on their upper ends, preferably screw wheels,
through the screw E gearing into both on the central hand wheel screw shaft E,
carried on the long journal bearing E5 on the top of the one side of the frane D",
all as seen particularly in Figures 1 to 3, so as to raise or lower the upper
housing and angular acting roller A¹ in whichever position they may be
swivelling or set, to give the desired pressure on the particular diameter of bar or
tube to roll and straighten it.
The vertical shaft is fitted with a parallel groove and collar journal in its
bearing Fon the housing frame C₁and (so connected by a sliding groove and
feather to its driving wheel, secured by a collar and groove at above the bush
bearing in the cover frame D",) as to raise and fall through its driving wheels h²
with its collar journal F and housing C; and when desired, the lower shaft. F
might be similarly fitted to rise and fall through the driving wheel h.
The lower and upper housings C, C, carrying the rollers A, A', and their internal
driving gear, are bored and fitted so as to swivel, and rise and fall steadily within
the outer frame D as stated equally and simultaneously in opposite directions by
deep segmental spur wheels C, formed on one side near the middle of each of the
housings C, C, opposite a recess ", in the outer frame D, through which the screws
or worms C² on transverse shafts C work, carried in bearing brackets C³ on the
outside of the frame D, and preferably lying at an angle, as seen particularly in
Figure 5, so that the inner actuating side or threads of the screw barrel C² work
parallel to the teeth of the segmental wheels C of the housings C, C¹, to turn
these in their cylindrical case D.
The two shafts C work by parallel collur journals in their bearings C³, and are

page_text: actuated by the bevel wheels c, c, at their outer ends from one vertical shaft C+
carried in lower footstep and upper journal hearing brackets at C³, projecting from
the outer main frame D and its cover D11. The vertical shaft C is actuated by the
bevel wheels c', c¹, from a short horizontal transverse shaft c¹, carried in a long
bearing pillow block c², secured to the top D of the main frame, with the axis of
the short shaft cll in the horizontal plane of that of the main driving shaft H', and
a bevel wheel c¹ on its inner end, gearing with the two loose bevel wheels c³, c³,
mounted on the shaft H1, with a loose friction or other groove and feather driving
clutch between them, actuated by the shifting fork or bow and hand spindle, and
lever carried in bearing brackets c at the upper part of the frame D", thus
automatically swivelling the lower and upper housings C, C, and their rollers A, A¹,
simultaneously from the first-motion shaft H in opposite directions, and to the
desired angle, to give the required forward-or-backward feeding action of the bar
or tube z, controlled by the hand-lever arrangement c, c, all as seen particularly in
Figures 5 and 6; or otherwise, when desired, this swivelling of the housings C, C',
and their rollers A, A', might be effected by a hand wheel on either the shaft C+ or
cl, and as indicated in the modifications in Figures 13, 14, and 18, on Sheet 2 of
the Drawings.
As seen particularly in Figures 4, and 4 A, the up-and-down movement of the
upper housing C within the outer case D, and its reverse angular position or
action, are indicated by a pointer ", secured to the housing C, and traversed over
the surface of a segmental divided index plate ², secured in front of the main
frame D, opposite and above the recess (2 formed through it, the horizontal division
lines indicating the rise and fall to suit the diameter of the bar or tube, while the
vertical lines cut or indicated on the plate to the right and left of the zero axial
line a, show the angle of the housing to the person working the respective hand
wheel E, the hand lever c', controlling the said motions of the housings to suit the
diameter of the bar or tube, and the forward or backward screw rolling action
thereof, all as herein-before described particularly in reference to Figure 6.
The rolling surfaces or circumferences of the improved swivelling rollers A, A¹,
which are preferably made of chilled hard iron, smoothly turned, or ground and
polished, are both slightly rounded on the entering side, as shown particularly at
A*, Figures I to 6, but parallel or cylindrical beyond this, with rounded edges at
the back, so as to bear smoothly on the bar or tube z, and prevent marking its
surface while rolling and straightening it, so as to straighten the bars or tubes to
their very end, and effectually remove the bent ends technically termed "dog legs,"
which is most effectually done by slueing the rolls parallel to each other, and causing
the whole breadth of each of the rolls to act on the bar opposite to one another,
thereby imparting only circular motion to the bar or tube.
Another improvement consists in forming and fitting hollow gun metal, or chilled
cast iron, or other equivalent removable and adjustable steadying metal guides K, K,
Figures 3, 7, 8, and 9, in slides K', on the fixed table ¹, between the rollers A, A¹,
and on each side of and made segmental to near the size of the bar or tube, being
rolled and straightened, and with perforations at 1 through the segmental face for
allowing jets of water to be forced through from the hollow chamber on to the hot
surface of the roller, and part of the bar being rolled and straightened direct from
the hollow water box, as seen in Figures 3 and 7; or fitted with portable seg-
mental curved guide blocks ³, as seen in Figures 8 and 9, to suit for various
diameters of bars or tubes z, these blocks being secured to the shifting hollow water
guide blocks K, k, by pinching screws 1, or other equivalent, and fitted with small tubes
, screwed into the face of the water box k, with a small hole 1 at their inner end,
made wider or tubular at the outer end, so as to prevent the choking of the orifices
by scales or dust coming off the bars or tubes, the water playing freely on the
surface of the bar or tube being rolled, so as to assist its rolling action, and prevent
the guides from wearing or scratching the rolling or guiding surface.
from
The water is supplied to the hollow chamber by a coupling branch at
small tubes or hose, not shown in the Drawings, led from pumps direct, or by

page_text: gravitation from suitable supply cisterns placed above the machines. These water
jet guides K, k, are attached to their slides K by fixing and adjusting screws K",
and their slides are simultaneously set out and in on each side by the long right
and left handed screws K³ fitted in their slide guides K' passed out through the
recesses, formed in the sides of the outer frame D for that purpose, where both
screws are shown actuated at one side by a spur wheel K on each screw, gearing
into each other and actuated by the hand wheel K³ on one spindle in such a
manner as to thoroughly stendy the bar or tube z between and on opposite sides of
the rollers A, A', without gripping or causing friction, as seen particularly in
Figures 3 and 7.
The front or feeding-in ends of these guides K, , are preferred to be rounded
or curved to a funnel or trumpet shape, as indicated at * for the better leading in
of the front end and the thick or irregular unrolled part of the bar or tube z, as
seen at in Figures 7 and 9.
Additional fixed, free, or open rounded surface guides l, l,,nay, when desired,
be fitted on the feeding-in and delivery side of the more exactly adjustable
guides K, k, to partially guide or steady the bar to and froin these; or hand
adjustable screw liquid box guides 11 may be fitted on the delivery side guides
at L of the delivery table 7, somewhat analogous to those K, k, but shifted and
fixed by the hand screw and nuts 13, 111, to steady the front end of each bar or
tube as it passes through the rollers, and insure its straight delivery in the line
all as
- at right angles to the vertical plane indicated by the line -- a²,
seen in Figures 6 and 7.
In addition to these guides K, k, and L1, between and close to the rollers A, A¹, a
longitudinal vertical flange or angle iron guide Lis fitted quite outside or beyond
the frame D to shift, and be set by slots 1, and screw bolts or pinching screws to
the upper surface of one side of the delivery floor table to suit the size of the
bar or tube z, with angled or rounded bearing surface, segmental or kneed-angled
guide brackets L on the other side, as seen indicated in Figures 1, 2, and 4, and
simple projecting pins L or other equivalent may be inserted as usual in the
feeding-in table % to steady the rough bars. while being fed into the rollers A, A¹.
Or instead of these delivery guides L, 12, shown in Figures 1, 2, and 4, brackets,
fitted with loose revolving rings or hollow pulleys, inade large enough to take in
bars or tubes of the maximum size, rounded on their inner guiding surface, might be
so secured to the top of the delivery table Z, and set laterally to bear on opposite
sides of the revolving bar or tube as to steady it with the least possible amount
of friction, or the bar may be steadied by revolving rollers working between the
rolls or outside.
Referring to Figure 12, an improved arrangement of antifriction pulley M is
mounted in journal bearings in the forked swivelling frame M', with its swivelling
frame M fitting in the stationary setting up seat M², within a recess M³ in the
delivery platform or table 7 with the upper periphery of the roller M slightly
higher than the surface of the table, so as to carry the bars or tubes on an anti-
friction or rolling guide surface, which, when swivelled to the same angle as the
under roller A, would both roll and screw the bar or tube forward at the rate it
was passing through the mill with much less friction than when rubbing on the
delivery table and guides L, and any number of these antifriction swivelling
rollers M might be so fitted in openings or recesses M³ in the delivery table Z', or in
the face of the guide 1. or other equivalent side guides, and each set may be
Osciliated simultaneously to the same angle by a lever M from each, jointed to one
parallel acting connecting rod.
All the journal bearings of the gearing within the housings C, C, and frame
D, D, D, are formed with suitable lubricating oil cups and tubes, so as only to
require oiling at considerable intervals, when they are supplied or lubricated
through the side holes d, du, de, d, in the outer frame D and housings C, C', and
also through bored and turned sunk covers in the upper part of the feeding-in
and delivery table 3', close into the frame D, as seen particularly in Figure 7.

page_text: In this new or improved vertical arrangement of rolling and straightening
machine, shown on Sheet 1, with swivelling rollers A, A. and their gearing, it will be
seen that the longitudinal forward and backward frictional screw action of the bars
or tubes is easily got in both directions (without the usual complicated raising and
.lowering table, necessary in the ordinary arrangements of horizontal skew roller
and disc rolling and straightening machines) with the new or improved simple
arrangement of stationary table Z, Z, herein-before described, and that as the
under roller A sustains nearly the whole weight of the bars or tubes while passing
through the machine, the table Z does not wear or get out of order, and prevent
the proper action of the machine as is done by the ordinary movable tables in the
angled or skew roller mills at present in use.
Instead of actuating the bar or tube_rolling mill by a special engine, as J, J¹,
a first-motion shaft I, I, could be geared to the shafts H, H¹, direct by the bevel
wheels i, j, i, 2, or by spur wheels direct to the shafts F, F, and in either case
have the first common motion shaft I driven by wheel gearing, and fitted with
engaging and disengaging couplings from any adjacent motion shaft of the works.
Although the vertical arrangement of this machine, as described in reference to
the Figures on Sheet 1, is preferred, it is to be understood that it could be ranged
horizontally, as shown in Figures 13 to 18, Sheet 2, as indicated by the axial
line aa, Figure 19, or at a slight angle, as indicated by the line a¹- - - «³,
Figure 20, with the outer framing D secured down to a suitable foundation.
On Sheet 2 of the accompanying Drawings, Figures 13, 14, and 15 are respec-
tively a side and end elevation and a horizontal section taken on a plane near or
through the axial line aa (of the cylindrical housings C, C, and frame D of
and on which the pressing straightening rollers A, A, are angled or slued to give
the longitudinal forward or backward motion conjoined or simultaneous with the
rolling motion), all of a horizontal arrangement and combination of the parts of my
new or improved bar or tube rolling and straightening or polishing machine, some-
what different from that shown on Sheet 1, but all constructed in accordance with
and illustrative of another modification of my said Invention. And Figures 16
and 17 are a transverse and longitudinal section respectively (detached from Figures
13 to 15) of a new or improved construction and arrangement of upper hollow
water box guide, and lower hollow water box anvil bar or guide, for the bars or
tubes between the rollers A, A', as suitable for horizontal arrangements of these
bar or tube rolling and straightening mills.
Figure 18 is a side elevation of a horizontal arrangement of my said bar or tube
rolling and straightening mill, substantially the same as that shown in Figures 13
to 17, but suitable for lighter work, and having the intermediate gearing of the
rollers A, A', driven direct (without the intermediate wheel gearing shown in the
other views, Figures 1 to 15) by the two broad straps or belts y, g', from band
pulleys on one driving shaft not shown in the Drawings.
Figures 19 and 20 show transverse sectional diagrams of two different arrange-
ments of the bar or tube guides and tables Z, Z, suitable for the rolling of various
diameters of bars by simply shifting the rollers A, A', longitudinally on their
axis across or in relation to the tables Z, Z, for the horizontal arrangements of
mills shown on Sheet 2.
Referring to the horizontal arrangement of my said bar or tube rolling and
straightening mill, Figures 13 to 15, Sheet 2, the internal body of the frame D is
bored cylindrically, and fitted with the turned housings C, C', carrying the journal
bearings B, 6, of the carrying and driving shafts B, B', b, b, of the rollers A, A',
and of their driving spur and bevel wheels b, b, and f, all substantially as described
in reference to and shown in Figures 1 to 6, Sheet 1, except that the whole is laid
with the axis a horizontally instead of vertically, and secured to a suitable
foundation by the strong side sole frames or stools D, either formed on or secured
to the main hollow cylindrical body part D. The cylindrical frame D in this case
is fitted with portable ends D and D for sustaining the strain or pressure of the
rolling action through the internal pressure sustaining rings or discs E, E", inside,

page_text: preferably secured to the ends of the housings C, C, and having the bevel wheels f¹
in this case cast or formed in one with the driving spur wheels ", f, for actu-
ating the bevel wheel of the gearing of the roller A, A¹, within their respective
housings C, C¹; these wheels ƒ ƒ", and, f, being mounted loosely on their
respective spindles F, F, cottered at to their respective pressure-sustaining rings
E, E, which thus oscillate with the housings C, C. Thus both sets of gearing
and their rollers A, A', within the housings C, C', in this arrangement are actuated
by one common central horizontal first-motion driving shaft through the
pinions, 3, on it, working up through recesses in the case D, the shaft I being
carried in bearing brackets I, 11, 11, formed on the under side of the cylindrical
frame D, and secured on the upper end of the bed plates De, and driven by the
overhung fast-and-loose broad belt pulleys I, [", from any adjacent motive-power
shaft. The spur-wheel fi is made very much broader or longer in the teeth than
the spur wheel ", to allow of the end shift of the roller A¹, and its housings C', to
suit the different diameters of bars or tubes being roiled. This longitudinal
motion of the housings C within the case D is effected through one simple central
hand wheel E³ and screw spindle E, working through a deep nut in the end
cover D, and having its inner end coupled by an ordinary groove or ring joint
nt in the eye of the disc E, and fitted with a jam nut E' outside the end
cover D; the screw moving the housings C to and fro, and, together with the
cover D, sustaining the strain or pressure of the rolling action of the rollers A, A'.
The swivelling of the housings C, C, simultaneously in opposite directions by the
segmental spur wheels C¹, cut in their upper sides for giving the longitudinal
motion to the bar while being rolled, all as described in reference to Sheet 1, is
effected by the right and left-handed screws C² gearing into the segmental teeth C¹¹
and secured in the centre of the two shafts C1, carried in the bearing brackets C³,
projecting up from the frame D, and with angled or spur wheels c, on their outer
ends, gearing into a corresponding single central spur wheel c', carried on the
hollow axis and stud C of the hand wheel in front, all so as to be simply set
by hand to the angle desired to roll the bar or tube backwards or forwards (or
without any end motion in either direction) instead of by motive power, as shown
on Sheet 1.
This horizontal arrangement of my improved bar or tube rolling and straightening
machine, Figures 13 to 15, on Sheet 2, is shown as fitted with a new or improved
construction of hollow portable box or anvil block N, formed or fitted with seg-
mental surfaces at n, to suit the particular diameter of bar or tube, being rolled,
and carry and steady it between the rollers A and A¹, where these surfaces are
contracted to near the diameter of the bar, and formed with small vertical holes
1, 1, 1, to lead the water out from the internal water box N¹ to play upon the surface
of the bar while being rolled, all as seen particularly in Figures 13 to 15, and the
detached sections, Figures 16 and 17. These anvil blocks N are portably secured
at their ends by dovetail snugs and screws at N, to the upper surface of the bed
plate at D³, close outside of the recesses d, d, in the outer frame D, for the insertion
and removal of different sized anvil guide blocks to suit the diameter of the bar or
tube being rolled.
Vertical guides are formed at D³ on the bed plate, fitted with setting-up
pinching screws below, for securing and setting up the near ends of the feeding-
in and delivery floor tables Z, Z, to the level of the guide blocks N. Over the
top of the said hollow anvil guide blocks N, n, and bar or tube being rolled, a
new or improved upper raising and lowering hollow water guide block 0, 0, is fitted
within a planed or slotted socket piece O", secured by a flange and screw bolt
within, and over a recess in the centre of the cylindrical frame D, and fitted with a
screw spindle and hand wheel o, o', through the cover 02, for the raising, lowering,
and setting of the guide 0, which is made segmental on its under surface, and
formed or fitted with small holes or tubes 1, 1, 1, for allowing the water to flow
from the hollow box 0' on to the surface of the bar or tube, being guided and
rolled between the rollers A, A¹. This guide O is preferably fitted with side guide

page_text: cheeks 03, secured by bolts at O, on the delivery side of the rollers, and rounded
on the front edges so as to guide the bar or tube straight in the line --- from
the rollers A, A. The front segmental edge of the guide O is also rounded off at
0x for the entering of the bar or tube, all as seen particularly in Figures 14 to 17,
the water being admitted to these guide boxes N¹ and 01 by the coupling
joints k³.
Referring to Figure 18, the driving bands g, g', are passed through recesses ³, in
the upper sides of the case D, round pulleys g, g, on the stud spindles F, F,
instead of the spur wheels ",, of the gearing within the housings C, C¹, for
actuating the rollers A, A', all substantially and respectively as described in reference
to Figures 13 to 15, but shown particularly in Figure 15.
Referring to Figures_19_and_ 20, these show arrangements of feeding-in and
delivery floor tables %, 7, suitable for various diameters of bars or tubes-2, by
moving the rollers A, A', and their housings C. C', laterally across the angled or
inclined table Z, when the axis a --
--a is in a horizontal plane, as shown in Figure
19, where three different diameters of bar or tubes are indicated; but this may
also be effected with the horizontal tables 7, as shown in Figure 20, when the axes
of the housings C, C, and rollers A, A1, are set at an angle in relation to the table,
as indicated by the axial line a - -
--, in Figure 20, where two different diameters
of bars are indicated, the side guides 1, 1, being set and fixed to the upper
surface of the tables Z, Z, all as herein-before described in reference to the tables
Z, Z, shown on Sheet 1.
On Sheet 3 of the accompanying Drawings, Figures 21 and 22, are respectively
an end elevation and plan, and Figure 23 is a sectional elevation, corresponding to
Figure 21, of a simple modification of the new or improved vertical arrangement of
machine, with edge running rollers A, A, on horizontal axes b,, carried in swivel-
ling housings C, C, and outer main frame and sole plate D, D, all so far substan-
tially as described in reference to Figures 1 to 7, on Sheet 1, for the purpose of very
exactly straightening and burnishing short parallel bars or tubes, suitable for
mandrils, spindles, or other equivalent purposes, where exactness is required, and it
consists in making the rollers A, A¹, nearly as wide as the length of the tubes or
spindles, and mounting them in their housings C, C', to swivel on a vertical axis
--, near their entering end; and, further, in swivelling the housings C, C¹,
within the outer frame D at one side, through their segmental wheels C, C², and
segmental toothed wheels C2, C, work into these and oscillated on fixed studs
in brackets D2, projecting from the one side of the frame D, by a simple two-armed
vertical hand lever C, C, oscillating on a stud C in the centre of the
brackets D2, D2, and the outer arms 0³, C3, of the segmental toothed levers,
SO that these arms C3, C³, work in and are oscillated by swivelling bushes
C, C, fitted within the lever C, C, all so that when the handle of this lever is
pulled in one direction it slues or swivels the housings C, C, and the rollers A, A',
to any desired angle, and when pulled in the other direction it brings the axles
b, b, of the rollers A, A in a true longitudinal vertical plane through the axis of the
machine and bar =, being rolled, all as seen particularly in Figures 21 and 23. The
toothed segmental arms C2 of the swivelling levers C2, C3, work through slots or
openings in the outer case 1), into the teeth of the wheels C of the housings
C, C', the lower housing C resting and turning ou a bearing at c, in the centre of the
sole plate D', while the upper housing C, which is made with a long toothed wheel
to allow of this, is raised and lowered to suit the different diameters of spindles or
tubes being rolled, and the pressure to be given to them by the central hand screw
and wheel E, working in a conical centre and collar bearing c¹ in the top of the
housing C¹, down through a deep screw bush in the top bracket D of the case D,
fitted above with a jam nut in the eye of the hand wheel E¹.
The rollers A, A¹,
are driven by overhung pulleys ",, on the opposite ends of their spindles B, B',
actuated by belts g', g', from a single overhead shaft, not shown in the Drawings.
Side segmental guides K, either solid or hollow, with water boxes in them, are
fitted in slides K' to steady the spindle or tube between the rollers A, A¹, and

page_text: actuated by screw spindles and hand wheels E³, E2, working out through screw
bushes in the sides of the frame D, and preferably set and fixed by a hand wheel
with jam nut on the one side, and an automatic adjustable hand wheel K and catch
lever K, secured to and actuated by a slot and pin through the hand lever C to
adjust the guide K to the greatest nicety of steady bearing on the spindle or tube =
at the time the lever C' brings the rollers A, A', to their true rolling longitudinal
plane, and slacken the guide a little when the bar or tube is being traversed to
and fro.
Funnel-shaped feeding-in and delivery channel guides or bed plates ¹, ll, are
fitted on the top of the brackets D, projecting down from the case D, out in front,
and behind the rollers A, A', for the feeding-in of the bar to be so rolled, the upper
surface of the guide channels being nearly in line with or slightly below the upper
surface of the lower roller A. Thus each hot blank form is fed into the rollers
A, A, through the guides ¹ so as to be effectually straightened by a traverse or so
backwards and forwards between the rollers A, A¹, which would then by the hand
lever C, C, be brought even in the same vertical longitudinal plane before
mentioned, and give them a few rolls round at the parallel bearing parts of the
rollers, as seen particularly in Figure 23, and make them quite true and smooth on
the surface before delivering them straight and cylindrical throughout into the
guide, finished and ready for removal.
Figure 24, on Sheet 3, is a horizontal central section, and Figures 25 and 26 are
end sections respectively, taken near the lines 1 - 1 and 22 in Figure 24,
of a horizontal arrangement of bar rolling and straightening machine, with face
rolling discs A1, A2, having their axes B", B, parallel to one another on opposite
sides, but in the same horizontal plane, with the opposite or reverse adjacent edges
of the discs A", A2, rolling and bearing on the bar opposite each other, with the
bar passing at a slight angle through between them to clear the outer face edges of
the discs turning in the reverse direction to the bar, all so far substantially as in
some bar rolling and straightening machines at present in use, but by these my
improvements having their shafts B1, B2, mounted in bearings B1, B3, in cylindrical
frames or housings C, C¹, working in a horizontal cylindrical frame D, D2, analgous
to that shown in Figures 13 to 18, on Sheet 2, fitted with portable end covers
D, D, for sustaining the strain of the rolling and pressing action, and in this case
carrying the outer bearings of the two transmitting and driving shafts b, b¹, and the
inner bearings 63 in the outer ends of the housings C, C, all in the true axial line
a of these C, C, DI, D, and the outer case D, preferably through the bearing
part of the discs A1, A2, so that these discs and their shafts B1, B2, are slued or
swivelled equally, or to equal angles, on this axis aa of the shafts b, b', in this
case towards each other, and not in reverse directions, as indicated by the double-
headed arrows and the light and dark circles at ax, above or below the plane
through the axis of the bar being rolled, as shown particularly in Figure 26,
for the longitudinal traverse of the bar backwards or forwards at any desired
velocity by an arrangement of screws C², working in the teeth of the segmental
wheels C in the housings C, C', and a single shaft C actuating these, substantially
as described in reference to Figures 2 and 5, on Sheet 1, and 13 and 14, on Sheet 2,
or any equivalent arrangement.
---
The shafts B, B, and dises A", A², are driven by internal toothed wheels b², b²,
gearing into corresponding pinions 6" on the inner overhanging ends of the driving
transmitting shafts b, b', having spur wheels keyed on their outer overhanging
ends, all so as to be driven (when the discs A", A2, revolve in the same direction as
in this case, and indicated by the arrows in Figure 26) by spur pinions on a single
longitudinal shaft carried in bush bearings below the centre of the frame D, D²,
shown in Figures 27 and 28 on Sheet 4 of the Drawings.
The internal wheel and pinion 62, 61, may be ranged on the outside of the
housing C when desired, and worked as described. The shifting of the housing C¹
and its disc and transmitting gearing is effected by the screwing in and out of the
end cover D by two screw spindles E, working through snugs into deep screw

page_text: bushes fitted in corresponding snugs in the adjacent ends of the outer frame D, the
screws being turned by screw wheels E" carried on their outer ends, actuated by
screws working into these and carried on a single shaft and hand wheel at one
side of the machine, shown particularly in Figures 27 and 28 on Sheet 4 of the
Drawings.
This improved arrangement of machine for effecting the longitudinal motion of
the bar to and fro by the equal and simultaneous swivelling of the eccentric
axes B1, B2, of the dises A", A2, has the great advantage of not requiring a lowering
and rising table, so that stationary solid or hollow water guides N, N1, 0, 01,
Figures 16 and 17, on Sheet 2, can be fitted below and above the bar z, for the
more steady and efficient guiding and straightening of the bar while being rolled,
-likewise for allowing the two discs to be made the same diameter to prevent the
great wear and tear which occurs in existing machines where this top guide-0,0',
is not used, and the down-running side of one of the dises has of necessity-to be
made larger in diameter than the other to keep the bar from rising up, and the under
guide or anvil bar N may be set and adjusted by pinching screws below, as
shown in Figures 24 and 25, and outer floor guide tables 7, Z, all otherwise as
described in reference to the Figures on Sheets 1 and 2.
These improved disc rolling machines may either be erected and worked hori-
zontally, as shown in Figures 24 and 26, or vertically as described in reference io
The Figures on Sheet 1, or it might be at an angle with the same advantages herein-
before described.
Although these housings or frames C, C', carrying the rollers A, A', and dises A", A²,
have been described as swivelled in opposite directions, or in the same direction as
described, it is to be understood that in the horizontal or angular arrangements of
the discs A, A, they may be raised and lowered on strong slide frames above or
below the stationary table Z, Z1, to give the different degrees of angular and longi-
tudinal action, and be shifted endways to suit the different diameters of bars or
tubes in relation to the improved fixed table, in their slide frames or other
equivalent, simultaneously by a hand wheel spindle geared to each screw spindle by
toothed wheels or screw and wheels. And although the main outer frame D, D', D",
has been described as cylindrical, it could be made open with four or more pillars
or beams, with strong or segmental guides secured thereto for carrying and guiding
the internal swivelling and longitudinally moving housings C, C, of the rollers A, A¹,
and their driving gearing in all the general arrangements of these machines, shown
in Sheets and 2.
Figure 29 on Sheet 4 represents a horizontal central section, and Figure 30 is an
end elevation of a horizontal arrangement of har rolling and straightening machine
with face rolling dises A1, A3, having their axes B2, B, slightly angled to one
another, as much as to allow the bar being straightened to clear the opposite faces of
the discs, which do not act on the bar, with the adjacent edges of the discs A¹¹, A³,
rolling and bearing on the bar opposite to each other, and revolving in contrary
directions, all so far substantially as in some bar rolling and straightening machines
at present in use, but in this improvement having their shafts B1, B2, mounted in
bearings B1, B3, in cylindrical frames or housings C, C', working in a horizontal
cylindrical frame D, D, as already described, fitted with strong end rings D¹, D,
for sustaining the strain of the rolling and pressing action on the bars through the
housings. These disc roll shafts are mounted in their bearings eccentric to the
main centre line aa of cylinder, and the dises are moved up and down equally,
but in contrary directions from the horizontal centre line of the cylinder, which also
is the central cross line of the bar being straightened by means of tooth wheel or
worm screw gear, or any of the previous arrangements described for adjusting these
dises to produce any degree of feeding out-and-in motion, or to impart to the bar
under operation only a circular motion. These dises are both screwed backwards
or forwards to the degree necessary to suit the size of bar to be straightened by
means of hand wheels and screws E, E, working through nuts firmly fixed on the
end of each housing. In this case the housings only have circular motion, and do

page_text: not move backwards or forwards with the discs, but reinain bearing up against the
end rings D', D", and the discs are moved forward in the collar bearings in their
housings. These rolls are driven by pinions working into wheels on the disc roll
shafts, the pinions being mounted on shafts with belt pulleys g", g, running in
contrary directions to produce the proper direction of motion on the discs.
The housings of the machine may be jammed if necessary by means of set pins and
cods, as shown at S, at times when slueing motion may not be required, and the
same set screws might be applied to any of the other machines.
In this present
machine the set pins $ would be inserted into a circular slot cut in each housing
to allow the circular motions of the housings, but prevent them going forward
on end.
This machine is preferably fitted with the top guide to keep down the bar or tube
under operation on its anvil bar or rest N, and thus allow the two discs to be made
the same diameter to save tear and wear, but if this top guide is not used the down-
running disc is made a little larger than the other as heretofore for the purpose of
keeping down the bar. This would equally apply to the other disc machines above
described.
Figure 31 shows in elevation these disc rolls in position, their slight angularity not
shown, for imparting circular motion only to the bar or tube and the angular tables Z,
described in connection with Figure 19, fitted on the inlet and delivery side of the
machine, having knee plates on each table, wrought backwards and forwards
along with the anvil rest N by screws or other equivalent.
The same angular tables and knee plates may also be fitted to the disc roll
machine, described in connection with Figures 24 and 28, to enable all sizes of bars
and tubes to be rolled and straightened, with their centres passing exactly through
the centre of the machine, and thus allow the points of contact on each of the
slightly rounded acting faces of the discs to bear truly opposite the one another to
produce an efficiently rolled and straightened bar or tube.
Disc rolls could also be fitted in cylindrical frames slightly angular, and have the
horizontal table 7, as described in connection with Figure 20. In this case both
housings with their rolls would be moved. Figure 32 is a diagram of these rolls
set in position to produce a circular end motion of the bar in the opposite direction
to the arrows, marked X, X, on plan Figure 29. Figure 33 represents a diagram of
the same rolls, shown in position to impart circular end motion in the direction of
the arrows in plan Figure 29.
Figures 34 and 35 show an arrangement of disc rolls, described in connection with
Figures 24 and 28; but these rolls are ranged nearly vertical, so as to allow the
face of the under disc to act as the anvil bar or rest; the circular motion or circular
backward or forward motion would be imparted to the bars or tubes by moving the
side guides K, with the bar or tube between them, to either side of the centre
line a--a.
Although all the arrangements of disc or face roller machines, for rolling or
straightening bars or tubes, Figures 24 to 26, on Sheet 3, and Figures 27 to 33, on
Sheet 4, have been shown with their discs or rollers placed vertically, and their
parallel or angled axes B, B', horizontally to swivel on a horizontal frame D and
axis a--a, with fixed table or anvil bars N below, and guides 0, 0, above;
still it will be understood that all these might equally well be arranged to swivel in
a vertical frame D on the axis a---, substantially as in the machines with edge
rollers A, A', described in reference to and shown in Figures 1 to 7, on Sheet 1, or
Figures 21 to 23, on Sheet 3, in which case the under discs A or All would bear
up and guide the bar or tube horizontally, and therefore only require the new or
improved side guides K, shown in Figures 1 to 7, and 21 to 23, or as shown between
the discs A1, A2, in Figures 34 and 35, on Sheet 4.
By another improvement these swivelling edge roller and disc machines, as
described in reference to the several Figures 24 to 33, and Figures 34 and 35, on
Sheets 3 and 4, may be wrought in pairs for rolling and drawing each bar between
them when desired, set at a convenient distance apart, and have a grinding wheel or
B

page_text: wheels (which may be made of any usual grinding substance, and of any construction)
fitted over or round the bar or tube, with suitable guides under or at their sides,
between the two machines, so as to grind or polish the bar or tube being traversed
by and between the two rolling and drawing or straightening machines. These
machines so used for the grinding or polishing, or it might be the burnishing of bars
or tubes, may have a die or gauge of the exact. diameter to which the bar is desired to
be ground, and mounted on the delivery side of the bar or tube. In this case the
grinding wheels R, R, may be actuated by a band, lever, screws, or otherwise, to
give the pressure on the bar or tube under operation; or otherwise, instead of these
revolving, grinding, and polishing rollers or cylinders, stationary grinding blocks
might be so fitted and used.
And in order to grind bars or tubes to a great degree of nicety, a size indicator is
placed, with its diamond or hardened steel points resting against the bars or tubes
to be ground; between the grinding wheels or blocks, and the exact diameter of the
bar or tube under operation is shown to the attendant by the indicator pointers
working across a marked or divided index plate or card. A number of sets of these
size indicators may be ranged in a machine, according to the number of sets of
grinding wheels or blocks used for finishing the bars or tubes.
The easy manner in which these machines can be made to give a swift or slow degree
of traverse, in either direction to a circular motiou, allows the part of the bars or tubes
under operation, which may be greater in diameter than necessary, to be ground down
to the required size by slowing the end traverse, and allowing these parts of the bars
or tubes, which may he too large in diameter, to be acted upon by the grinding
material until they are reduced to the proper diameter. This diameter when
attained will be indicated by the pointer falling back to the division lines on the
index plate, when the bar or tube is again fed forward as required. The indicator
pointers will always denote the amount of feeding action to be given to the bar or
tube being ground, as well as the pressure to be applied to the grinding material.
Figures 36 and 37 are respectively a side and end elevation of a machine' for
grinding and polishing bars and tubes, as described, in which D, D, represent any
of these improved rolling machines. The slueing gear of the rolls for imparting to
the bar the desired amount of traverse in either direction will be connected and
put in motion by suitable mechanism convenient to the attendant working the
machine. Bearing blocks P, P1, are fitted on each side of the size indicator, and
formed to steady the bar or tube under operation. The entering bearing block I'
may be made slightly self-adjusting in order always to hold steadily the bars or
tubes in the centre line of their motion, through their diameters may be slightly
unequal while passing through the entering bearing or guide block.
R, R, represent two stationary grinding blocks, of emery or other material, and
R1, R, represent a pair of emery grinding wheels, which would be mounted on
suitable carrying frames, and the pressure of the grinding material against the bars
or tubes would be maintained by hand, springs, weights, or screws. The size
indicator standards p, p, rest on suitable supports, preferably on each side of the
bar, and are mounted with small turned spindles p², p², coupled near the centre to
allow of their being shortened or lengthened to suit the size of bar or tube to be
ground; the ends of these spindles to be mounted with diamonds, or to have hard
steel faces to withstand wear as much as possible where they rub against the bar
or tube being ground; the other ends of the spindles p, p, to bear against long
pointer levers Q (which may be made compound, if desired, in other forms of size
indicators) working across the face of an index plate or card Q', with dividing
lines q, and small centres with spiral springs at back are fitted into standards p, p,
to keep the pointer levers always hard up against the spindle pp, the other ends
of which press against the bar or tube being ground.
Before commencing to grind a bar or tube, a gauge of the size to which it is
desired to grind the bar or tube would be placed in the bearings P1, P1, and the
diamond or hardened faces of the small spindles p', p', would be adjusted to suit
the diameter by means of the screws on the spindles p', and the points of the

page_text: pointer levers Q would be kept on the dividing levers 7 of the index plate or
card Q. The position of the index pointer levers in relation to these division lines
would. show at once the condition of the bar or tube at any part while under
operation.
Having thus particularly described the nature of my said Invention, and the
mode and means of performing the same, I have to state that I do not restrict
myself to the precise details I have had occasion to describe or delineate, as these
might be otherwise varied; neither on the other hand do I desire to claim the
mere use of frictional angled surface acting roll, roller, or disc machines for the
rolling and 'straightening of metal bars or tubes, as these have been used in several
other ways and forms: but what I believe to be novel and original, and therefore
claim as the Invention secured to me by the herein-before described Invention or
improvements and in part recited Letters Patent is,―
First. The general construction or combination of the parts of frictional angular
surface-acting metal bar, tube, or spindle rolling and straightening machines, with
or having vertically ranged edge rolling and simultaneously and equally reversible
swivelling rolls or rollers A, A, either with or without the new or improved port-
able side liquid box guides K, E., and their slides and setting-up and holding
mechanism between the rollers, all substantially as and for the purposes herein-
described in reference to and shown in Figures 1 to 7 on Sheet 1, and Figures 21
to 23 on Sheet 3 of the accompanying Drawings, or any inere modification
thereof.
:
Second. The general construction or combination of the parts of frictional
angular surface-acting metal bar or tube rolling and straightening machines, with
horizontal ranged edge rolling and simultaneously and equally reversible
swivelling rolls A, A¹, with and requiring only a stationary lower table, and bar,
or guides, and either with or without the new or improved liquid box guide 0, 0,
in Figures 16 and 17 on Sheet 2, hetween the rollers, all substantially as and for
the purposes herein described in referance to and shown in Figures 13 to 20 on
Sheet 2 of the accompanying Drawings, or any mere modification thereof.
Third. The general construction or combination of the parts of frictional angled
surface-acting disc or face rolling horizontal or vertical mills or machines for rolling and
straightening metal bars and tubes fitted with arrangement of frames C, C¹, for carrying
and swivelling the rolling discs A", A², and A, A³, and their eccentric parallel or
angled axes B, B2, equally and simultaneously up or down on the central axis - - - a,
in opposite or in the same direction, as described in reference to Figures 24 to 33 on
Sheets 3 and 4, respectively, and having and requiring only a fixed adjustible table
or guide between the disc rollers, and below the bar or tube, and with or without
the new or improved fixed or adjustable liquid box top guide 0, 0, above the bar
or tube and between the disc rollers, all substantially as and for the purposes and
advantages herein-before described in reference to Figures 16 and 17, on Sheet 2 of
the accompanying Drawings.
Fourth. The general construction or arrangement and use in these said new or
improved bar or tube rolling and straightening machines of stationary table 1, 2,
fitted with guides and setting up or adjusting screws, either with or without liquid
box or other guides K, k, on it, all substantially as and for the purposes and advan-
tages described in reference to and shown in Figures 3, 5, 7, and 9, on Sheet 1 of
the accompanying Drawings.
Fifth. The construction, arrangement, and use of portable liquid box guides K, k,
at opposite sides, and between the rollers A, A, of these said angled edge and face
roller or disc, metal bar, or tube rolling and straightening machines, as seen in
Figures 1 to 9, on Sheet 1, and Figures 21 to 23, on Sheet 3, or between the discs
A1, A2, Figures 24 to 28, Sheets 3 and 4, or A1, A3, Figures 29 to 33, Sheet 4 of
the accompanying Drawings, when these are arranged with their axes B, B1, nearly
vertical, as in Figures 34 and 35, on Sheet 4, and with their screws and actuating
guides, all substantially as and for the purposes and advantages herein-before
described.

page_text: Sixth. The construction, arrangement, and use of top guides 0, 0, Figures 16 and
17, Sheet 2, above the bar or tube z, between the horizontal arrangements of
rollers A, A, or discs A1, A2, and A1, A3, Figures 13 to 20, on Sheet 2, and Figures
24 to 33 on Sheets 3 and 4, with internal water. box perforations, and raising and
lowering adjusting fittings to suit different diameters of bars or tubes, in these bar
and tube rolling and straightening machines, all substantially as and for the purposes
and advantages herein-before described.
Seventh. The general construction or arrangement of revolving, grinding, or
polishing wheels R', or blocks R, and side guides P, P, for grinding and polishing
bars or tubes with exact sizeing or measuring, and indicating levers or calipers Q, Q,
and index division bar or card Q1 (placed between two sets of my new or improved
arrangements of bar or tube rolling and straightening machines, herein-before
described and shown in the accompanying Drawings), all substantially as and for
the purposes and advantages herein described in reference to and shown in Figures
36 and 37, on Sheet 4 of the accompanying Drawings, or any mere modification
thereof.
Eighth. The general construction or arrangement and combination of the parts of
an exact sizeing or measuring and indicating lever or calipers Q, Q, and index
division bar or card Q1 placed between any two sets of frictional angular surface-
acting metal bar or tube rolling and straightening machines, substantially as and
for the purposes and advantages herein described in reference to, and shown in
Figures 36 and 37, on Sheet 4 of the accompanying Drawings, or any mere modifi-
cation thereof.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Farmer, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this Twenty-second day of May, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and seventy-eight.
Witness,
JOHN BROWN,
Patent Agent,
Glasgow.
JOHN FARMER. (L.S.)

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Farmer, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North
Britain, Engineer, for the Invention of "NEW OR IMPROVED MACHINERY OR
MECHANISM FOR ROLLING, STRAIGHTENING, GRINDING, POLISHING, AND
FINISHING METAL BARS OR TUBES."
Sealed the 18th January 1878, and dated the 24th November 1877.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Farmer at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 24th November 1877.
JOHN FARMER, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North Britain, Engineer.
"NEW OR IMPROVED MACHINERY OR MECHANISM FOR ROLLING, STRAIGHTENING,
GRINDING, POLISHING, AND FINISHING METAL BARS OR TUBES."
This Invention has reference to the rolling, straightening, polishing, and finishing
of round bars and tubes of iron and other metal in an improved manner, in and by
new or improved constructions or arrangements of rolling mills or machinery with
angled or oblique rollers or discs for the said purpose, and which are more accurate
and efficient in their action, and more easily regulated and controlled than those
heretofore in use, to effect the work and suit various sizes of the bars or tubes;
while some of the improved arrangements of the mechanism suit also for the
polishing and burnishing of each bar or tube.
And the nature and novelty of the Invention or improvements consist all as
follows:-
First. Under one modification the Invention consists in the new or improved con-
struction of a rolling machine or general arrangement of machinery for the purpose
stated, having a pair of improved (edge running) rolling and pressing angled or
oblique rollers, mounted over each other with the hot or cold iron or steel or other
metal bar or tube, fed or rolled in between them, nearly parallel to their axis and
in the same vertical plane through these when in their central position, and rolling
truly parallel with each other, so as only to roll or turn the bar or tube without

page_text: giving it any feeding-in, or end forward, or back motion which is given, all as will
herein-after be more fully explained, by the oscillation of their shafts or axes in
opposite angular directions on a vertical axis at right angles to and through the
centre line of the rollers in a transverse plane, the rate or velocity of this end or
friction-angled or screw-revolving motion increasing in proportion to that of the
angles off the said vertical plane, and vice versa.
Each roller is fixed in the middle of its strong short shaft, mounted in bushed
Ecrew cover bearings at the adjacent upper and lower parts of their carrying frames
or housings, made preferably in a hollow cylindrical form, strengthened with ribs
and longitudinal feathers inside, and truly turned on the outside web to fit the
internal barrel part of the outer main frame; also preferably made cylindrical and
strengthened by end and other flanges and longitudinal feathers, with openings
through its sides for feeding in the bars or tubes, and for getting at the working
parts, all carried on and with this frame, which is portable or self contained, and
firmly secured to a suitable strong foundation, preferably with the tangential
feeding-in part between the rollers near the level of the floor, where the new or
improved fixed or non-moving feeding-in table would be secured to the sides of the
outer frame and to the foundation or blocks in the mill floor, with its upper surface
at the finishing delivery side, set by screw setting-up pinching screws and wedges,
exactly level or in a tangential line with the rolling periphery of the under roller,
and the feeding-in plate rather lower to allow of a slight eccentric action of the
rear or unstraightened part of the bar or tube in the act of being rolled and
straightened.
The outer main cylindrical frame is fitted and secured to a strong bottom end
or sole plate, fitted with a ring turned on the upper edge, or with antifriction rollers
for supporting the internal hollow swivelling frame or housing of the lower roller
and its axle, the ring being raised and lowered by pinching screws through the
bottom from the outside.
The under roller is actuated from a shaft carried in journal bush bearings below
its axle in the hollow housing, through spur wheels on the shaft and axle at one
side, and through a bevel wheel on the shaft at the other gearing into a corresponding
wheel on the upper end of a vertical shaft, all within the hollow housing below the
roller, and carried in journal bush bearings in the centre of the bottom end of the
housing frame and lower end of the sole plate, and driven by bevil gearing from a
horizontal first-motion shaft carried in journal-bearing pillow blocks on the foun-
dation below the sole plate, the vertical shaft being connected to its driving wheel
below by a groove and feather, so as to rise and fall by its collar journal with the
housing.
The upper roller is actuated by a similar or inverted arrangement of shafts and
gearing above the roller and within and above its housing, fitted and swivelling
within the upper part of the main outer frame, all in the same axial line through
this frame, which is fitted above with a strong top or cover frane carrying the
journal bearings of the upper horizontal driving shaft, gearing with and actuating
the upper centre, and driven by bevil wheels at its outer end from a vertical shaft
carried in bush bearing brackets at one side of and formed on or secured to its upper
and lower end frames; this vertical shaft being driven from the lower horizontal or
first-inotion shaft before mentioned, all preferably through mitre, bevil, or spur
wheels at the same speed, so that the oblique rolling and straightening rollers may
revolve at the same surface rate, but in opposite directions, to roll the bar or tube
inserted between them by their frictional action, and at the same time screw it in
or out, or to and from, proportional to the angle given to these rollers, equally in
opposite directions by the swivelling of their housing within the main frame. This
upper housing is carried and raised and lowered through a turned or grooved ring
secured to its upper end, all swivelling or revolving on a carrying and pressing
non-revolving ring, fitted with groove and feathers in the upper cover or end of the
outer frame, the non-revolving ring being carried by two or more screw spindles
working in deep nuts in the ring and in fixed journal bearings in the upper end

page_text: cover, so as to be actuated simultaneously by spur wheels on their upper ends
through a pinion gearing into both, and a hand-wheel shaft, or through a hand-
screw shaft conveniently fitted at the one side of the feeding-in part of the outer
frame for raising or lowering the upper housing and angular acting roller, in which-
ever position they may be swivelling or set, to give the desired pressure on the bar
or tube to roll and straighten it.
These lower and upper housings, with their rollers and driving gear are bored and
fitted so as to swivel and rise and fall steadily within the outer frame, as stated,
equally and simultaneously in opposite directions by deep segmental spur wheels on
one side near the middle, opposite a recess in the outer frame, through which screws
or worms on transverse shafts work, carried in bearing brackets on the outside of
the frame, and preferably lying at an angle, so that the actuating side of the threads
or screws work parallel to the teeth of the segmental wheels in the bearings, the
two shafts being geared and actuated by one vertical shaft, and bevil wheels at their
outer ends carried in bearing brackets conveniently at the feeding-in side of the
main frame, so as by a hand wheel on the vertical shaft to turn the lower and upper
housings and their rollers equally to any reverse angle required to give the rate
of feed or longitudinal traverse desired to the bar or tube in either direction
between the angled running and pressing rollers; or it might be done automatically
by a motion from the main draft shaft.
This up-and-down movement of the upper housing and its reverse angular position
or action are indicated by a fixed pointer or index in front of the main frame,
opposite a recess formed through it, and horizontal division lines and angular
vertical lines cut or indicated on the circumferential surface of the housing seen
through this recess opposite the index pointer, which at once shows the height and
angle of the housing to the person working the handles of the spindles controlling
the said motions of the housing.
The rolling surface or circumference of the improved swivelling rollers, which are
made of chilled hard iron smoothly turned, or ground and polished, are both slightly
rounded on the entering side, but parallel or cylindrical beyond this, with rounded
edges so as to bear smoothly and solidly on the bar or tube and prevent marking its
surface while rolling and strengthening it, so as to straighten the bars or tubes to
their very end.
Another improvement consists in forming and fitting hollow gun metal or other
removeable and adjustable steadying metal guides in slides on the fixed table
between the rollers and on each side of, and made segmental.to. near the size of, the
bar or tube being rolled and straightened, and with perforations through the seg-
mental face for allowing jets of water to be forced through from the hollow
chamber on to the hot surface of the roller, and part of the bar being rolled and
straightened.
The holders or slides of these water-jet guides are set out and in to suit the size
of bar by one or two screws in each passed out through recesses formed in the sides
of the outer frame for actuating them from the outside by screw gearing or hand
wheels in such a manner as to thoroughly steady the bar or tube without gripping
or causing friction.
A longitudinal guide with vertical flange is fitted to shift and be set by slots and
screw bolts or pinching screws to the one side of the feeding-in and delivery table
to suit the size of bar or tube, with rounded surface segmental or kneed-angle guide
brackets on the other side, or brackets fitted with loose revolving rings or hollow
pulleys made large enough to take in bars or tubes of the maximum size, might bo
so secured and set laterally to bear on opposite sides of the revolving bar or tube as
to steady it with the least possible amount of friction. In this new or improved
vertical arrangement of rolling and strengthening machine with swivelling rollers
and their gearing, it will be seen that the longitudinal forward and backward
frictional screw action of the bars or tubes is easily got in both directions without
the usual complicated raising and lowering table with the new or improved simple
arrangement of stationery table herein-before described, and that as the under roller

page_text: sustains nearly the whole weight of the bars or tubes while passing through the
machine the table does not wear or get out of order and prevent the proper action
of the machine as the inovable tables do.
Although for the latter reason the vertical arrangement of this machine as
described is preferred, it is to be understood that it could be ranged horizontally or
at a slight angle with the outer framing, supported on a suitable foundation, and
although this main outer framing has been described as cylindrical, it could be made
open, with four or more pillars or beams with ring or segmental guides secured
thereto, for carrying and guiding the internal swivelling and longitudinally moving
housings of the rollers and their driving gearing; and the first-motion shaft might be
driven by wheel gearing and engaging and disengaging couplings from any other
adjacent motion shaft of the works, or by a special small portable motive engine of
its own secured on the same frame or other sole plate close to it; and all the journal
bearings of the rollers and their driving gearing inside the housings and frame
would preferably be fitted with hollow boxes for containing oil or other lubricant to
save frequent stopping of the machinery for lubricating purposes.
•
Another improvement has reference to the class of mills which roll and straighten
metal bars and tubes by passing them through between the adjacent faces of two
compressing and rolling angled or bevelled dises turning in opposite directions on
the ends of horizontal arrangements of angled or parallel shafts; and it consists in
mounting these shafts each in bush bearings within opposite swivelling frames or
housings (in an outer fixed frame) turning on the axes of central driving shafts
revolving in bush bearings in the centre of both frames, and geared by spur or
slightly-angled wheels to the shafts of the discs carried in equidistant eccentric
bearings, and driven at the same speed and in the same or reverse direction (according
as it is the same or opposite edges of the discs which act to roll the bar) by gearing
or belts, preferably from one common driving or first-motion shaft at one side of
the machine; also that the shafts of the discs can be simultaneously turned to equal
angles in the same or reverse direction on opposite sides of the central plane where
the bars or tubes are fed through between by the segmental wheels and screws
working in them, herein-before described in reference to the new or improved
machine or mill before described. Thus the disc-rolling bar straightening
machines could also be worked with the improved or simple stationery feeding
tables and guards herein-before described, and either erected and worked hori-
zontally as at present, or at an angle, vertically, with the advantages herein-
before described. And the end shift or motion could be given to the swivelling
frame or housings carrying their shafts and internal driving gearing by screws
and wheels, all substantially as described in reference to that of the first part of this
Invention; or it might be by centre screws working direct on the free outer ends
of the disc shafts. When these new or improved arrangements of edge-running
rollers and angle face acting discs are placed horizontally, the under table or guide
bed below the bar or tube may be formed with hollow water seginental guide
blocks of gun metal or chilled iron, with water jets acting between the rollers or
working surfaces, such as described in reference to the side guide blocks of the first
arrangement, and in this case with the new stationery tables there would be a fixed
or stationery top guide fitted above the bar or tube and the said lower water rest
between the rollers which will act all as the two side guides in the new vertical
arrangement, to retain and straighten the bars to the very end, which side or top
guides might have parallel or angular running guide rollers mounted in them; and
the ring guides above the table might be formed with hollow water chambers for
the circulation of water to keep them cool. These ring guides, and the long vertical
feather or angle-iron guide, and frout side segmental or angle knee guides, could all
be set by screws to suit the different size of bars or tubes, while the oscillating
motion for giving their different rate of longitudinal feeding traverse would by
these improvements be given by the shafting of the housings or frames carrying the
rollers or discs and driving gear; and although these housings or frames have been
described as swivelled in the same or opposite directions, it is to be understood that

page_text: in the horizontal or angular arrangements of the discs they might be raised or
lowered on strong slide frames above or below the stationery tablo to give the
different degrees of angular and longitudinal action, and be shifted endways to suit
the different sizes of bars or tubes in relation to the improved fixed table, in their
slide frames or other equivalent simultaneously by a hand-wheel spindle geared to
each screw spindle by toothed wheels or screw and wheel ***
Another improvement consists in fitting oscillating or reciprocating polishing
blocks, preferably segmental, to near the curve of the bars or tubes (or burnishers)
over or under these, worked by regulating weighted or spring-pressure levers, or it
might be screw spindles, for polishing the outer surface of the bars or tubes from end
to end close up to the sides of the rollers, which being rolled and straightened in
these improved mills, the under polishers working up through the stationery
table.
In the horizontal arrangement with double discs which roll with the corresponding
or same side of their rims, the adjustment for having the axes of their shafts in the
horizontal plane through the axis of the bars or tubes of different diameters on the
stationery feeding-in table or bed plate, when the discs are true to each other, for
only revolving the bar without any angular feeding-in or back traverse may be
effected by having different suitable sizes or thicknesses of guides for the respective
sizes of bars or tubes, to be secured below these on the fixed guide table or plate;
or otherwise by having one or both screws which turn the housings or frames fixed
by friction clutches and jam nuts, or other equivalent, to their actuating spindles, so
as to set or adjust these and fix the screws to suit any particular size of bars or
tubes just before commencing to roll and straighten them.
The horizontal arrangement of edge or circumferential bearing rollers, whether
made with parallel rolling and pressing surfaces, or with the central part of the one
and the two end parts of the other only bearing and rolling on the surface of the
bars or tubes, might have each roller mounted in segmental bush bearing frames,
oscillating in a corresponding strong bed frame, and swivelled to the said opposite
angles in either direction simultaneously by screws and screw wheels, or other
equivalent, and have the frames shifted to or from each other, and fixed to suit the
different diameters of bars or tubes to be rolled and straightened by simple right
and left intermediate coupling screws between them, or other equivalent, as before
described.
Another simple arrangement of the first modification of the vertical edge running
rollers for straightening short parallel spindles or tubes consists in making the
rollers nearly as wide as the length of the spindles or tubes, and mounting them in
their housings to swivel on an axis near their entering end, and in swivelling
these within the outer frame at one side by a simple two-armed fork or pronged
hand lever, the prongs working in vertical slots in the housings, to allow of
them being raised or lowered by hand screws above or below the rollers, which
are driven from an overhead shaft by belts passed over pulleys on the opposite
ends of their shafts, and which would effectually straigthen the short cylindrical
articles by a traverse backwards and forwards or so, and then bring the rollers
even in the same plane, which would give them a few rolls round at the
parallel bearing parts of the rollers and make them quite true before delivering them
quite straight and cylindrical throughout.
These swivelling edge rollers and disc machines, as described, may be wrought in
pairs when desired, set at a convenient distance apart, and have a grinding wheel or
wheels (which may be of any grinding substance) fitted between the two machines,
and guide the bar or tube being ground and polished in suitable guides under or at
the sides of the grinding wheel or wheels, with a die or gauge of the exact diameter
the bar is required to be ground to on the delivery side.
The grinding wheels may be actuated by a band, lever, screws, or otherwise, to
give the pressure on the bar or tube under operation; or instead of these rollers
or revolving cylinders stationery grinding blocks might be similarly fitted and
used.

page_text: The slueing gear of the two machines for imparting the backward and forward
and circular motion is preferably connected together and worked by a belt or with
shafts and clutches.
The handle for working the clutches or the beits is placed convenient to the
handle for working the grinder; in this way the bar or tube under operation can
be retained a longer or shorter time at different parts of its lengths under the
grinder, as the parts are larger or smaller in diameter than the required size the bar
or tube is required to be ground down to; and in order to know exactly the length
of time each part of the bar or tube should remain under the grinder to get it ground
to the same diameter, the point or points of a lever or levers are placed under the
guides or between the grinding wheels, this lever being fulcrumed near the bearing
end, and the other arm made long, as a long index pointer, having its point working
over a correspondingly divided segmental index, which will show at once the irregu-
larities of the bar or tube revolving, and allow the large parts to be ground down to
the exact diameter before passing the grinder.
The point of the lever which rests against the bar or tube while passing the
grinder is fitted with a hard rounded surface or diamond to insure accuracyį
opposite the point where this lever rests on the bar a suitable guide may be placed
with a plain or rolling surface, but so that it does not yield or readily wear as the
bar or tube passes through.
Instead of one pointer index with guide behind, as described, double pointers or
levers may be employed, jointed as a pair of calipers, embracing the bar by the
short arms and having the index long arms passing over seperate segmental indexes,
which would show the size of the bar very accurately, and the attendant might
have a "Whitworth or other gauge in his hand, or mounted on a hand lever close
to the delivery side of the grinder, for the regular trial and verification that the
index and grinder were acting right and delivering the bar exactly parallel.
"

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said John Farmer in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 24th May
1878.
4
JOHN FARMER, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North Britain, Engineer.
"NEW OR IMPROVED MACHINERY OR MECHANISM FOR ROLLING, STRAIGHTENING,
GRINDING, POLISHING, AND FINISHING METAL BARS OR TUBES.”
My said Invention has reference to the rolling, straightening, polishing, and
finishing of round bars or tubes of iron, steel, and other metal, in an improved
manner in and by new or improved constructions or arrangements of rolling mills
or machinery with angled or oblique rollers or discs for the said purpose, and
which are more accurate and efficient in their action, and more easily regulated and
controlled than those heretofore in use, to effect the work and suit various sizes of
the bars or tubes; while some of the improved arrangements of the mechanism suit
also for the polishing and burnishing of each bar or tube.
And in order that the full nature, novelty, and mode of performing my said
Invention may be properly understood, I shall now proceed to describe the soveral
Figures on the accompanying four Sheets of Drawings, which I have hereunto
appended for the purpose of showing the best modes and means I am at present
aware of for putting the Invention into effect or practice; the same reference
letters and numerals indicating the same or equivalent parts in all the Figures
where seen.
On Sheet 1 of the Drawings, Figures 1 and 2 are a right-hand sectional side
elevation and plan corresponding to each other; and Figure 3 is a front end vertical
section at right angles to Figures 1 and 2 (but showing the driving or motive-
power steam engine in side elevation, not shown in these views), all of a vertical
arrangement and combination of the parts of my improved bar or tube rolling and
straightening machine, with oblique edge slueing rollers A, A¹, constructed in
accordance with and illustrative of one modification of my said Invention.
Figure 4 is a front end elevation of the outer main frame D, D', of the machine,
corresponding to, but at right angles to Figure 1, showing the moving index
handle a, and stationary division plate a² for setting the main rollers A, A¹, and
their internal cylindrical carrying frames C, C, to suit the diameter of the bars or
tubes, and the velocity of their longitudinal traverse; and Figure 4 A is a front
elevation of the same index a", a², to a large scale.
Figure 5 is a back elevation of the outer main frame D, D¹, D", of the machine,
showing the gearing in section for the reverse oscillating or slucing of the main
rollers A, A', and their internal cylindrical carrying frames C, C.
Figure 6 is a horizontal section of the machine taken near the lines 1 ---1 in
Figure 1, but to an enlarged scale to show the construction and slucing action of the
rollers A, A', and their carrying frame C, C, and actuating gearing more clearly.
Figure 7 is a horizontal section of the machine through the main frame D, taken
near the lines 2---2 over the bar, being rolled in Figures 1 and 3, corresponding
to Figure 1, showing the construction and mode of actuating the water box side
guides shown in transverse section in Figure 3.
Figures 8 and 9 show a detached, transverse, and a horizontal section respectively
of one of these water-box side guides , K, to a large scale.
Figures 10 and 11 are a detached plan and vertical elevation of the raising and
lowering ring E" of the internal cylindrical carrying and slucing frame C' of the
upper roller A and its gearing.
Figure 12 is a horizontal sectional elevation of part of the delivery floor table Z'
of the bar or tube, being rolled, showing an arrangement of antifriction or carrying
and feeding forward roller M and its swivelling frame M¹.
Referring to the machine and modification shown in Figures 1 to 7 on Sheet 1,
its construction and improvements consist all as follows, namely:-In having a pair
of improved (edge running) rolling and pressing angled, slucing, or oblique rollers

page_text: 2
A, A', each mounted over the other, with the hot or cold iron, or steel, or other
metal bar or tube fed or rolled in between nearly horizontal or parallel to their
axis, and in the same vertical plane through these when in their central position,
and rolling truly parallel with each other, so as only to roll or turn the bar or
tube without giving it any feeding-in or end forward or back motion, which is
given, all as will be herein-after more fully explained, by the slueing or oscillation
of their shafts or axes B, B1, in opposite angular directions on a vertical axis a --- a
at right angles to and through the centre line of the rollers A, A, in a transverse
plane (as indicated by the line a¹---a, and seen particularly in Figure 6), the
lower roller A and its shaft B being indicated in dotted lines, the rate or velocity.
of this end or friction angled or screw revolving forward or backward motion of the
bar or tube increasing in proportion to the angles off the said vertical plane
a a through its axis, and vice versa.
Each of the rollers A, A¹, is fixed in the middle of its strong shaft B or B,
mounted in bush screw cover bearings B at the adjacent upper and lower parts of
the carrying and slueing frames or housings C, C, made preferably in a hollow
cylindrical form, strongly strengthened with ribs and longitudinal feathers inside,
and truly turned on the outside web to fit the internal barrel part D of the outer
main frame D, D₁, D; also preferably made cylindrical and strengthened by end
and other flanges and longitudinal feathers with openings d, d', through its sides
for feeding in the bars or tubes, and for getting at the working parts, all carried
on and within this frame D, D', D", which is portable or self-contained, and firmly
secured to a suitable strong bed plate D' bolted down to a suitable foundation of
masonry within a recess D in the rolling-mill floor, preferably with the tangential
feeding-in part between the rollers near the level of the floor.Z, Z, where the new
or improved fixed or non-moving feeding-in table would be secured within the
recess d, d, by the raising and lowering or setting brackets on the slides on
the sides of the outer frame D and to the receiving and delivery blocks or tables
Z, Z, of the mill floor; and fitted with setting-up pinching screws, or it might
be wedges or other equivalent so as to set up the upper surface of the delivery
platform, Z, exactly level, or in a tangential line with the rolling periphery of
the under roller A on the delivery side, but preferably having the part of the plate
,, on the feeding-in side close to the rollers A, A', rather lower to allow of
a slight eccentric action of the rear or unstraightened part of the bar or tube in
the act of being rolled and straightened; this feeding-in and delivery plate being
connected to the feeding-in and delivery bed plates Z, Z1, of the mill floor by short
level plates 3, as shown particularly in Figure 1.
The outer main centre cylindrical frame D is fitted and secured to a strong
bottom or sole plate D, DI, fitted with a ring E turned on the upper edge,
preferably with antifriction rollers e for supporting the internal hollow swivelling
frame or housing C of the lower roller A and its axle B; the ring E being raised
and lowered by pinching screws e', or other equivalent, through the bottom D¹ from
the outside.
:
The under roller A and its shaft B are actuated from a shift b carried in journal
bush bearings in the hollow housing C below the bush bearings B of the
shaft B, by the spur wheels 61, 62, on the shaft B, b, on one side, and through the
bevel wheel on this shaft b on the other side, gearing into a corresponding
wheel on the upper end of a vertical shaft F; all within the hollow housing C
below the roller A, and carried in journal bush bearings F, F, in the centre of
the bottom end of the housing frame C and lower centre of the sole plate D' of
the outer stationary frame D, D', all as seen in Figure 1. The lower end of this
shaft F, as seen in Figure 3, is carried in the footstep bearing F secured to the
lower foundation plate G, carrying the intermediate transmitting horizontal driving
shaft H in pillow blocks G₁ and footstep bearing I' of the vertical shaft I, actuated
through the three sets of mitre wheels j, j', i, i', h, h¹, from the upright steam
engine J, J', the crank shaft J₁ of which is carried in journal bearings in the top of
the two strong upright frames J, J, the latter of which carries the upper bearing

page_text: bracket I of the vertical shaft I; the arrows in Figure 3 indicating the direction
of motion.
The upper roller A¹ and its shaft B' are actuated by a similar or equivalent
inverted arrangement of shafts b', F1, and spur and bevel gearing b¹¹, b², ƒ, ƒ', above
the roller A, and within and above its housing C¹ fitted and swivelling within the
upper part of the main outer frame D above the side holes d, d', for leading in and
delivering the bar z to be rolled, all in the same axial line aa through the
cylindrical frame D.
2
The frame D is fitted above with a strong top or cover frame D" carrying the
journal bearings F and H of the. vertical shaft F', and the inner end of the
upper horizontal driving shaft H' geared by the wheels h1, h2, the upper end of the
shaft H being coupled and driven direct at H2 of the crank shaft J of the engine,
so as to actuate the upper centre shaft F' at the same speed as the engine, and the
lower shaft F and the adjacent circumferences of the two rollers A, A¹, preferably
at the same speed and in the opposite direction to each other, so as to roll the
bar. between them by their surface rolling and gripping action, all as indicated
by the arrows in Figure 3, without any tendency to carry the bar to one side or
the other, although steadying guides are shown fitted to keep it in central position
below the rollers. Or when desired, the lower shaft H may be driven direct by the
engine below the floor of the rolling mill, and have the upper shaft H' geared
direct to the vertical shaft I and lower shaft H through the wheels j, j¹, and i, i¹,
respectively, all so that the oblique running rollers A, A', as described, may revolvo
at the same surface rate, but in opposite directions, to roll the bar or tube inserted
between then by their frictional action, and at the same time screw it in or out,
or to and fro longitudinally, proportional to the angle given to these rollers, equally
in opposite directions, by the swivelling of their housings C, C₁, within the main
frame D. This upper housing C₁ of the upper roller A¹ is carried and raised and
lowered through a turned rim or grooved ring or segmental brackets E¹ secured to
its upper end, all swivelling or revolving on a carrying and pressing non-revolving
ring E, fitted with groove and feather e¹ in the upper cover or end D of the
outer frame, as seen detached in Figures 10 and 11; the non-revolving ring being
carried by two or more screw spindles E2 working in deep nuts in the ring E" and
in the fixed journal bearings in the upper end cover D¹, so as to be actuated simul-
taneously by two spur wheels El on their upper ends, preferably screw wheels,
through the screw E³ gearing into both on the central hand wheel screw shaft E',
carried on the long journal bearing E on the top of the one side of the frame D¹¹,
all as seen particularly in Figures 1 to 3, so as to raise or lower the upper
housing C and angular acting roller A¹ in whichever position they may be
swivelling or set, to give the desired pressure on the particular diameter of bar or
tube to roll and straighten it.
The vertical shaft F is. fitted with a parallel groove and collar journal in its
bearing on the housing frame C₁ and (so connected by a sliding groove and
feather to its driving wheel h², secured by a collar and groove at h³ above the bush
bearing. F in the cover frame D11) as to raise and fall through its driving wheels h²
with its collar journal F and housing C; and when desired, the lower shaft F
might be similarly fitted to rise and fall through the driving wheel h.
The lower and upper housings C, C', carrying the rollers A, A', and their internal
driving gear, are bored and fitted so as to swivel, and rise and fall steadily within
the outer frame D as stated, equally and simultaneously in opposite directions by
deep segmental spur wheels C, formed on one side near the middle of each of the
housings C, C, opposite a recess d", in the outer frame D, through which the screws
or worms Con transverse shafts C work, carried in bearing brackets C³ on the
outside of the frame D, and preferably lying at an angle, as seen particularly in
Figure 5, so that the inner actuating side or threads of the screw barrel C work
parallel to the teeth of the segmental wheels C₁ of the housings C, C¹, to turn
these in their cylindrical case D.
L
The two shafts C1 work by parallel collar journals in their bearings C³, and are

page_text: actuated by the bevel wheels c, c, at their outer ends from one vertical shaft C4,
carried in lower footstep and upper journal bearing brackets at C5, projecting from
the outer main frame D and its cover D. The vertical shaft C is actuated by the
bevel wheels c¹, c¹, from a short horizontal transverse shaft c¹, carried in a long
bearing pillow block c, secured to the top D of the main frame, with the axis of
the short shaft cl in the horizontal plane of that of the main driving shaft H', and
a bevel wheel c¹ on its inner end, gearing into the two loose Level wheels c³, c³,
mounted on the shaft H', with a loose friction or other groove and feather driving
clutch c* between them, actuated by the shifting fork or bow and hand spindle, and
lever carried in bearing brackets e at the upper part of the frame D", thus
automatically swivelling the lower and upper housings C, C₁, and their rollers A, A',
simultaneously from the first-motion shaft H¹ in opposite directions, and to the
desired angle, to give the required forward or backward feeding action of the bar
or tube, controlled by the hand-lever arrangement c³, c5, all as seen particularly in
Figures 5 and 6; or otherwise, when desired, this swivelling of the housings C, Ci,
and their rollers A, A¹, might be effected by a hand wheel on either the shaft C' or
c, and as indicated in the modifications in Figures 13, 14, and 18, on Sheet 2 of
the Drawings.
As seen particularly in Figures 4, and 4 A, the up-and-down movement of the
upper housing C within the outer case D, and its reverse angular position or
action, are indicated by a pointer a", secured to the housing C₁, and traversed over
the surface of a segmental divided index plate a², secured in front of the main
frame D, opposite and above the recess de formed through it, the horizontal division
lines indicating the rise and fall to suit the diameter of the bar or tube 2, while the
vertical lines cut or indicated on the plate to the right and left of the zero axial
line a, show the angle of the housing to the person working the respective hand
wheel E, and hand lever e, controlling the said motions of the housings to suit the
diameter of the bar or tube, and the forward or backward screw rolling action
thereof, all as herein-before described particularly in reference to Figure 6.
The rolling surfaces or circumferences of the improved swivelling rollers A, A',
which are preferably made of chilled hard iron, smoothly turned, or ground and
polished, are both slightly rounded on the entering side, as shown particularly at
Ax, Figures 1 to 6, but parallel or cylindrical beyond this, with rounded edges at
the back, so as to bear smoothly on the bar or tube z, and prevent marking its
surface while rolling and straightening it, so as to straighten the bars or tubes to
their very end, and effectually reinove the bent ends technically termed "dog legs,"
which is most effectually done by slucing the rolls parallel to each other, and causing
the whole breadth of each of the rolls to act on the bar opposite to one another,
thereby imparting only circular motion to the bar or tube.
Another improvement consists in forming and fitting hollow gun metal, or chilled
cast iron, or other equivalent removable and adjustable steadying metal guides K, K,
Figures 3, 7, 8, and 9, in slides K', on the fixed table z¹, between the rollers A, A¹,
and on each side of and made segmental to near the size of the bar or tube, being
rolled and straightened, and with perforations at 1 through the segmental face for
allowing jets of water to be forced through from the hollow chamber on to the hot
surface of the roller, and part of the bar being rolled and straightened direct from
the hollow water box h, as seen in Figures 3 and 7; or fitted with portable seg-
mental curved guide blocks ₁, as seen in Figures 8 and 9, to suit for various
diameters of bars or tubes z, these blocks being secured to the shifting hollow water
guide blocks K, , by pinching screws/¹¹, or other equivalent, and fitted with small tubes
, screwed into the face of the water box k, with a small hole 1 at their inner end,
nade wider or tubular at the outer end, so as to prevent the choking of the orifices
by scales or dust coming off the bars or tubes, the water playing freely on the
surface of the bar or tube being rolled, so as to assist its rolling action, and prevent
the guides from wearing or scratching the rolling or guiding surface.
The water is supplied to the hollow chamber by a coupling branch at k³ from
small tubes or hose, not shown in the Drawings, led from pumps direct, or by

page_text: gravitation from suitable supply cisterns placed above the machines. These water
jet guides K, k, are attached to their slides K by fixing and adjusting screws K",
and their slides are simultaneously set out and in on each side by the long right
and left handed screws K³ fitted in their slide guides K' passed out through the
recesses d³, formed in the sides of the outer frame D for that purpose, where both
screws are shown actuated at one side by a spur wheel K' on each screw, gearing
into each other and actuated by the hand wheel K on one spindle in such a
manner as to thoroughly steady the bar or tube between and on opposite sides of
the rollers A, A', without gripping or causing friction, as seen particularly in
Figures 3 and 7.
The front or feeding-in ends of these guides K, L, are preferred to be rounded
or curved to a funnel or trumpet shape, as indicated at * for the better leading in
of the front end and the thick or irregular unrolled part of the bar or tubes, as
seen at in Figures 7 and 9.
Additional fixed, free, or open rounded surface guides 1, l, may, when desired,
be fitted on the feeding-in and delivery side of the more exactly adjustable
guides K,, to partially guide or steady the bar to and from these; or hand
adjustable screw liquid box guides L" may be fitted on the delivery side guides
at L of the delivery table Z', somewhat analogous to those K, k, but shifted and
fixed by the hand screw and nuts 13, 11, to steady the front end of each bar or
tube as it passes through the rollers, and insure its straight delivery in the line
zat right angles to the vertical plane indicated by the line a¹ -- a¹, all as
seen in Figures 6 and 7.
In addition to these guides K, A, and L", between and close to the rollers A, A¹, a
longitudinal vertical flang or angle iron guide L is fitted quite outside or beyond
the frame D to shift, and be set by slots L', and screw bolts or pinching screws to
the upper surface of one side of the delivery floor table Z to suit the size of the
bar or tube, with angled or rounded bearing surface, segmental or kneed-angled
guide brackets L on the other side, as seen indicated in Figures 1, 2, and 4, and
simple projecting pins L or other equivalent may be inserted as usual in the
feeding-in table Z to steady the rough bars z while being fed into the rollers A, A¹.
Or instead of these delivery guides L, L, shown in Figures 1, 2, and 4, brackets,
fitted with loose revolving rings or hollow pulleys, made large enough to take in
bars or tubes of the maximum size, rounded on their inner guiding surface, might be
so secured to the top of the delivery table Z', and set laterally to bear on opposite
sides of the revolving bar or tube z as to steady it with the least possible amount
of friction, or the bar may be steadied by revolving rollers working between the
rolls or outside.
Referring to Figure 12, an improved arrangement of antifriction pulley M is
mounted in journal bearings in the forked swivelling frame M', with its swivelling
frame M fitting in the stationary setting up seat M, within a recess M³ in the
delivery platform or table Z' with the upper periphery of the roller M slightly
higher than the surface of the table, so as to carry the bars or tubes on an anti-
friction or rolling guide surface, which, when swivelled to the same angle as the
under roller A, would both roll and screw the bar or tube forward at the rate it
was passing through the mill with much less friction than when rubbing on the
delivery table Z¹ and guides L, and any number of these antifriction swivelling
rollers M might be so fitted in openings or recesses M³ in the delivery table Z', or in
the face of the guide L or other equivalent side guides, and each set may be
oscillated simultaneously to the same angle by a lever M* from each, jointed to one
parallel acting connecting rod.
All the journal bearings of the gearing within the housings C, C', and frame
D, D¹, D, are formed with suitable lubricating oil cups and tubes, so as only to
require oiling at considerable intervals, when they are supplied or lubricated
through the side holes d, d", d², d, in the outer frame D and housings C, C', and
also through bored and turned sunk covers * in the upper part of the feeding-in
and delivery table ', close into the frame D, as seen particularly in Figure 7.

page_text: In this new or improved vertical arrangement of rolling and straightening
machine, shown on Sheet 1, with swivelling rollers A, A1, and their gearing, it will be
seen that the longitudinal forward and backward frictional screw action of the bars
or tubes is easily got in both directions (without the usual complicated raising and
lowering table, necessary in the ordinary arrangements of horizontal skew roller
and disc rolling and straightening machines) with the new or improved simple
arrangement of stationary table Z, Z¹, hercin-before described, and that as the
under roller A sustains nearly the whole weight of the bars or tubes while passing
through the machine, the table Z' does not wear or. get out of order, and prevent
the proper action of the machine as is done by the ordinary movable tables in the
angled or skew roller mills at present in use.
Instead of actuating the bar or tube rolling mill by a special engine, as J, J',
a first-motion shaft I, I, could be geared to the shafts H, H¹, direct by the bevel
wheels j, j', i, i¹, or by spur wheels direct to the shafts F, F, and in either case
have the first common motion shaft I driven by wheel gearing, and fitted with
engaging and disengaging couplings from any adjacent motion shaft of the works.
Although the vertical arrangement of this machine, as described in reference to
the Figures on Sheet 1, is preferred, it is to be understood that it could be ranged
horizontally, as shown in Figures 13 to 18, Sheet 2, as indicated by the axial
line aa, Figure 19, or at a slight angle, as indicated by the line aa¹,
Figure 20, with the outer framing D secured down to a suitable foundation.
On Sheet 2 of the accompanying Drawings, Figures 13, 14, and 15 are respec-
tively a side and end elevation and a horizontal section taken on a plane near or
through the axial line a--a (of the cylindrical housings C, C¹, and frame D of
and on which the pressing straightening rollers A, A', are angled or slued to give
the longitudinal forward or backward motion conjoined or simultaneous with the
rolling notion), all of a horizontal arrangement and combination of the parts of my
new or improved bar or tube rolling and straightening or polishing machine, some-
what different from that shown on Sheet 1, but all constructed in accordance with
and illustrative of another modification of my said Invention. And Figures 16
and 17 are a transverse and longitudinal section respectively (detached from Figures
13 to 15) of a new or improved construction and arrangement of upper hollow
waler box guide, and lower hollow water box anvil bar or guide, for the bars or
tubes between the rollers A, A', as suitable for horizontal arrangements of these
bar or tube rolling and straightening mills.
Figure 18 is a side elevation of a horizontal arrangement of my said bar or tube
rolling and straightening mill, substantially the same as that shown in Figures 13
to 17, but suitable for lighter work, and having the intermediate gearing of the
rollers A, A', driven direct (without the intermediate wheel gearing shown in the
other views, Figures 1 to 15) by the two broad straps or belts g, g¹, from band
pulleys on one driving shaft not shown in the Drawings.
Figures 19 and 20 show transverse sectional diagrams of two different arrange-
iments of the bar or tube guides and tables Z, Z, suitable for the rolling of various
diameters of bars by simply shifting the rollers A, A¹, longitudinally on their
axis across or in relation to the tables Z, Z, for the horizontal arrangements of
mills shown on Sheet 2.
Referring to the horizontal arrangement of my said bar or tube rolling and
straightening mill, Figures 13 to 15, Sheet 2, the internal body of the frame D is
bored cylindrically, and fitted with the turned housings C, C₁, carrying the journal
bearings B, 6, of the carrying and driving shafts B, B1, b, b', of the rollers A, A¹,
and of their driving spur and bevel wheels b1, b2, and f, all substantially as described
in reference to and shown in Figures 1 to 6, Sheet 1, except that the whole is laid
with the axis a horizontally instead of vertically, and secured to a suitable
foundation by the strong side sole frames or stools D, either formed on or secured
to the main hollow cylindrical body part D. The cylindrical frame D in this case
is fitted with portable ends D¹ and D¹ for sustaining the strain or pressure of the
rolling action through the internal pressure sustaining rings or discs E, EU, inside,

page_text: preferably secured to the ends of the housings C, C, and having the bevel wheels f¹
in this case cast or formed in one with the driving spur wheels f", "", for actu-
ating the bevel wheel f of the gearing of the roller A, A¹, within their respective
housings C, C; these wheels f¹, ƒ", and ƒ³, f, being mounted loosely on their
respective spindles F, F', cottered at F" to their respective pressure-sustaining rings
E, E, which thus oscillate with the housings C, C¹. Thus both sets of gearing
and their rollers A, A', within the housings C, C₁, in this arrangement are actuated
by one common central horizontal first-motion driving shaft I through the
pinions, on it, working up through recesses d³ in the case D, the shaft I being
carried in bearing brackets I, I, I', formed on the under side of the cylindrical
frame D, and secured on the upper end of the bed plates D², and driven by the
overhung fast-and-loose broad belt pulleys I2, I, from any adjacent motive-power
shaft. The spur wheel is made very much broader or longer in the teeth than
the spur wheel f, to allow of the end shift of the roller A¹, and its housings C', to
suit the different diameters of bars or tubes being rolled. This longitudinal
motion of the housings C within the case D is effected through one simple central
hand wheel E³ and screw spindle E2, working through a deep nut in the end
cover D, and having its inner end coupled by an ordinary groove or ring joint
at E in the eye of the disc E, and fitted with a jam nut E' outside the end
cover D; the screw moving the housings C to and fro, and, together with the
cover D, sustaining the strain or pressure of the rolling action of the rollers A, A¹
The swivelling of the housings C, C', simultaneously in opposite directions by the
segmental spur wheels C, cut in their upper sides for giving the longitudinal
motion to the bar z while being rolled, all as described in reference to Sheet 1, is
effected by the right and left-handed screws C2 gearing into the segmental teeth C,
and secured in the centre of the two shafts C, carried in the bearing brackets C³,
projecting up from the frame D, and with angled or spur wheels c on their outer
ends, gearing into a corresponding single central spur wheel c, carried on the
hollow axis and stud C of the hand wheel C in front, all so as to be simply set
by hand to the angle desired to roll the bar or tube backwards or forwards (or
without any end motion in either direction) instead of by motive power, as shown
on Sheet 1.
This horizontal arrangement of iny improved bar or tube rolling and straightening
machine, Figures 13 to 15, on Sheet 2, is shown as fitted with a new or improved
construction of hollow portable box or anvil block N, formed or fitted with seg-
inental surfaces at n, to suit the particular diameter of bar or tube z, being rolled,
and carry and steady it between the rollers A and A', where these surfaces are
contracted to near the diameter of the bar, and formed with small vertical holes
1, 1, 1, to lead the water out from the internal water box N' to play upon the surface
of the bar while being rolled, all as seen particularly in Figures 13 to 15, and the
detached sections, Figures 16 and 17. These anvil blocks N are portably secured
at their ends by dovetail snugs and screws at N, to the upper surface of the bed
plate at D³, close outside of the recesses d, d, in the outer frame D, for the insertion
and removal of different sized anvil guide blocks to suit the diameter of the bar or
tube being rolled.
Vertical guides are formed at D³ on the bed plate, fitted with setting-up
pinching screws' below, for securing and setting up the near ends of the feeding-
in and delivery floor tables Z, Z', to the level of the guide blocks N. Over the
top of the said hollow anvil guide blocks N, n, and bar or tube being rolled, a
new or improved upper raising and lowering hollow water guide block O, Õ¹, is fitted
within a planed or slotted socket piece Ŏ", secured by a flange and screw bolt
within, and over a recess in the centre of the cylindrical frame D, and fitted with a
screw spindle and hand wheel o, o¹, through the cover 02, for the raising, lowering,
and setting of the guide O, which is made segmental on its under surface, and
formed or fitted with small holes or tubes 1, 1, 1, for allowing the water to flow
from the hollow box O' on to the surface of the bar or tube, being guided and
rolled between the rollers A, A'. This guide O is preferably fitted with side guide

page_text: checks 03, secured by bolts at Ou, on the delivery side of the rollers, and rounded
on the front edges so as to guide the bar or tube straight in the line from
the rollers A, A. The front segmental edge of the guide O is also rounded off at
O for the entering of the bar or tube, all as seen particularly in Figures 14 to 17,
the water being admitted to these guide boxes N¹ and O₁ by the coupling
joints ³.
Referring to Figure 18, the driving bands g, gl, are passed through recesses d', in
the upper sides of the case D, round pulleys gl, gl, on the stud spindles F, F',
instead of the spur wheels f, f, of the gearing within the housings C, C, for
actuating the rollers A, A, all substantially and respectively as described in reference
to Figures 13 to 15, but shown particularly in Figure 15.
:
Referring to Figures 19 and 20, these show arrangenients of feeding-in and
delivery floor tables Z, Z', suitable for various diameters of bars or tubesz, by
moving the rollers A, A¹, and their housings C, C₁, laterally across the angled or
inclined table Z, when the axis aa is in a horizontal plane, as shown in Figure
19, where three different diameters of bar or tubes are indicated; but this may
also be effected with the horizontal tables 2¹, as shown in Figure 20, when the axes
of the housings C, C', and rollers A, A', are set at an angle in relation to the table,
as indicated by the axial line a' a', in Figure 20, where two different diameters
of bars are indicated, the side guides L, L', being set and fixed to the upper
surface of the tables Z, Z1, all as herein-before described in reference to the tables
Z, Z', shown on Sheet 1.
On Sheet 3 of the accompanying Drawings, Figures 21 and 22, are respectively
an end elevation and plan, and Figure 23 is a sectional elevation, corresponding to
Figure 21, of a simple modification of the new or improved vertical arrangement of
machine, with edge running rollers A, A', on horizontal axes b, b', carried in swivel-
ling housings C, C, and outer main frame and sole plate D, D¹, all so far substan-
tially as described in reference to Figures 1 to 7, on Sheet 1, for the purpose of very
exactly straightening and burnishing short parallel bars or tubes, suitable for
mandrils, spindles, or other equivalent purposes, where exactness is required, and it
consists in making the rollers A, A', nearly as wide as the length of the tubes or
spindles, and mounting them in their housings C, C', to swivel on a vertical axis
aa, near their entering end; and, further, in swivelling the housings C, C¹,
within the outer frame D at one side, through their segmental wheels C, C, and
segmental toothed wheels C2, C3, work into theso and oscillated on fixed studs
in brackets D, projecting from the one side of the frame D, by a simple two-armed
vertical hand lever C, C, oscillating on a stud C5 in the centre of the
brackets D, D2, and the outer arms C3, C3, of the segmental toothed levers,
so that these arms C³, C³, work in and are oscillated by swivelling bushes
C, C, fitted within the lever C, C, all so that when the handle of this lever is
pulled in one direction it slues or swivels the housings C, C, and the rollers A, A¹,
to any desired angle, and when pulled in the other direction it brings the axles
b, b, of the rollers A, A¹ in a true longitudinal vertical plane through the axis of the
machine and bar, being rolled, all as seen particularly in Figures 21 and 23. The
toothed segmental arms C² of the swivelling levers C2, C3, work through slots or
openings in the outer case D, into the teeth of the wheels C of the housings
C,C, the lower housing C resting and turning on a bearing at c, in the centre of the
sole plate D', while the upper housing C, which is made with a long toothed wheel
to allow of this, is raised and lowered to suit the different diameters of spindles or
tubes being rolled, and the pressure to be given to them by the central hand screw
and wheel E, working in a conical centre and collar bearing c in the top of the
housing C¹, down through a deep screw bush in the top bracket D" of the case D,
fitted above with a jam nut in the eye of the hand wheel E. The rollers A, A¹,
are driven by overbung pulleys ", g, on the opposite ends of their spindles B, B',
actuated by belts g', g¹, from a single overhead shaft, not shown in the Drawings.
Side segmental guides K, either solid or hollow, with water boxes in them, are
fitted in slides K₁ to steady the spindle or tube between the rollers A, A', and

page_text: actuated by screw spindles and hand wheels E, E, working out through screw
bushes in the sides of the frame D, and preferably set and fixed by a hand wheel
with jam nut on the one side, and an automatic adjustable hand wheel K and catch
lever K6, secured to and actuated by a slot and pin through the hand lever C' to
adjust the guide K to the greatest nicety of steady bearing on the spindle or tube
at the time the lever C brings the rollers A, A', to their true rolling longitudinal
plane, and slacken the guide a little when the bar or tube is being traversed to
and fro.
Funnel-shaped feeding-in and delivery channel guides or bed plates ¹, ¹¹, arc
fitted on the top of the brackets D, projecting down from the case D, out in front,
and behind the rollers A, A', for the feeling-in of the bar to be so rolled, the upper
surface of the guide channels being nearly in line with or slightly below the upper
surface of the lower roller A. Thus each hot blank form is fed into the rollers
A, A', through the guides so as to be effectually straightened by a traverse or so
backwards and forwards between the rollers A, A', which would then by the hand
lever C, C be brought even in the same vertical longitudinal plane before
mentioned, and give them a few rolls round at the parallel bearing parts of the
rollers, as seen particularly in Figure 23, and make them quite true and smooth on
the surface before delivering them straight and cylindrical throughout into the
guide, finished and ready for removal.
---
1 and 2
---
Figure 24, on Sheet 3, is a horizontal central section, and Figures 25 and 26 are
end sections respectively, taken near the lines 1
2 in Figure 24,
of a horizontal arrangement of bar rolling and straightening machine, with face
rolling discs A1, A2, having their axes B1, B2, parallel to one another on opposite
sides, but in the same horizontal plane, with the opposite or reverse adjacent edges
of the discs A1, A2, rolling and bearing on the bar opposite each other, with the
bar passing at a slight angle through between them to clear the outer face edges of
the discs turning in the reverse direction to the bar, all so far substantially as in
some bar rolling and straightening machines at present in use, but by these my
improvements having their shafts B1, B2, mounted in bearings B1, B3, in cylindrical
frames or housings C, C, working in a horizontal cylindrical frame D, D2, analgous
to that shown in Figures 13 to 18, on Sheet 2, fitted with portable end covers
D', D, for sustaining the strain of the rolling and pressing action, and in this case
carrying the outer bearings of the two transmitting and driving shafts b, b', and the
inner bearings 63 in the outer ends of the housings C, C', all in the true axial line
aa of these C, C', D', D", and the outer case D, preferably through the bearing
part a of the discs A", A, so that these discs and their shafts B, B, are slued or
swivelled equally, or to equal angles, on this axis a a of the shafts b, b', in this
case towards each other, and not in reverse directions, as indicated by the double-
headed arrows and the light and dark circles at a*, above or below the plane
through the axis of the bar being rolled, as shown particularly in Figure 26,
for the longitudinal traverse of the bar backwards or forwards at any desired
velocity by an arrangement of screws C², working in the teeth of the segmental
wheels C in the housings C, C', and a single shaft C' actuating these, substantially
as described in reference to Figures 2 and 5, on Sheet 1, and 13 and 14, on Sheet 2,
or any equivalent arrangement.
The shafts B, B, and discs A", A, are driven by internal toothed wheels b², b³,
gearing into corresponding pinions on the inner overhanging ends of the driving
transmitting shafts b, b', having spur wheels 63 keyed on their outer overhanging
ends, all so as to be driven (when the discs A", A, revolve in the same direction as
in this case, and indicated by the arrows in Figure 26) by spur pinions on a single
longitudinal shaft carried in bush bearings below the centre of the frame D, D²,
shown in Figures 27 and 28 on Sheet 4 of the Drawings.
The internal wheel and pinion 62, 6, may be ranged on the outside of the
housing when desired, and worked as described. The shifting of the housing C¹
and its dise and transmitting gearing is effected by the screwing in and out of the
end cover D by two screw spindles E, working through snugs into deep screw

page_text: bushes fitted in corresponding snugs in the adjacent ends of the outer frame D, the
screws being turned by screw wheels E carried on their outer ends, actuated by
screws working into these and carried on a single shaft and hand wheel at one
side of the machine, shown particularly in Figures 27 and 28 on Sheet 4 of the
Drawings.
This improved arrangement of machine for effecting the longitudinal motion of
the bar to and fro by the equal and simultaneous swivelling of the eccentric
axes B, B2, of the discs A", A2, has the great advantage of not requiring a lowering
and rising table, so that stationary solid or hollow water guides N, N¹, 0, 0₁,
Figures 16 and 17, on Sheet 2, can be fitted below and above the bar z, for the
more steady and efficient guiding and straightening of the bar while being rolled,
likewise for allowing the two discs to be made the same diameter to prevent the
great wear and tear which occurs in existing machines where this top guide O, O',
is not used, and the down-running side of one of the discs has of necessity to be
made larger in diameter than the other to keep the bar from rising up, and the under
guide or anvil bar N may be set and adjusted by pinching screws below, as
shown in Figures 24 and 25, and outer floor guide tables Z, Z, all otherwise as
described in reference to the Figures on Sheets 1 and 2.
These improved disc rolling inachines may either be erected and worked hori-
zontally, as shown in Figures 24 and 26, or vertically as described in reference to
the Figures on Sheet 1, or it might be at an angle with the same advantages herein-
before described.
Although these housings or frames C, C¹, carrying the rollers A, A', and discs A¹¹, A²,
have been described as swivelled in opposite directions, or in the same direction as
described, it is to be understood that in the horizontal or angular arrangements of
the discs A1, A2, they may be raised and lowered on strong slide frames above or
below the stationary table Z, Z', to give the different degrees of angular and longi-
tudinal action, and be shifted endways to suit the different diameters of bars or
tubes in relation to the improved fixed table, in their slide frames or other
equivalent, simultaneously by a hand wheel spindle geared to each screw spindle by
toothed wheels or screw and wheels. And although the main outer frame D, D', D",
has been described as cylindrical, it could be made open with four or more pillars
or beams, with strong or segmental guides secured thereto for carrying and guiding
the internal swivelling and longitudinally moving housings C, C', of the rollers A, A,
and their driving gearing in all the general arrangements of these machines, shown
in Sheets 1 and 2.
Figure 29 on Sheet 4 represents a horizontal central section, and Figure 30 is an
end elevation of a horizontal arrangement of bar rolling and straightening machine
with face rolling discs A1, A3, having their axes B2, B", slightly angled to one
another, as much as to allow the bar being straightened to clear the opposite faces of
the discs, which do not act on the bar, with the adjacent edges of the discs A1, A3,
rolling and bearing on the bar opposite to each other, and revolving in contrary
directions, all so far substantially as in some bar rolling and straightening machines
at present in use, but in this improvement having their shafts B1, 132, mounted in
bearings B1, B3, in cylindrical frames or housings C, C¹, working in a horizontal
cylindrical frame D, DĎ, as already described, fitted with strong end rings D¹, D",
for sustaining the strain of the rolling and pressing action on the bars through the
housings. These disc roll shafts are mounted in their bearings eccentric to the
main centre line aa of cylinder, and the discs are moved up and down equally,
but in contrary directions from the horizontal centre line of the cylinder, which also
is the central cross line of the bar being straightened by means of tooth wheel or
worm screw gear, or any of the previous arrangements described for adjusting these
discs to produce any degree of feeding out-and-in motion, or to impart to the bar
under operation only a circular motion. These discs are both screwed backwards
or forwards to the degree necessary to suit the size of bar to be straightened by
means of hand wheels and screws E³, E2, working through nuts firmly fixed on the
end of each housing. In this case the housings only have circular motion, and do

page_text: not move backwards or forwards with the discs, but remain bearing up against the
end rings D', D", and the discs are moved forward in the collar bearings in their
housings. These rolls are driven by pinions working into wheels on the disc roll
shafts, the pinions being mounted on shafts with belt pulleys g, g¹¹, running in
contrary directions to produce the proper direction of motion on the discs.
The housings of the machine may be jammed if necessary by means of set pins and
cods, as shown at S, at times when stueing motion may not be required, and the
same set screws might be applied to any of the other machines. In this present
machine the set pins S would be inserted into a circular slot cut in each housing
to allow the circular motions of the housings, but prevent them going forward
on end.
This machine is preferably fitted with the top guide to keep down the bar or tube
under operation on its anvil bar or rest N, and thus allow the two discs to be made
the same diameter to save tear and wear, but if this top guide is not used the down-
running disc is made a little larger than the other as heretofore for the purpose of
keeping down the bar. This would equally apply to the other disc machines above
described.
Figure 31 shows in elevation these disc rolls in position, their slight angularity not
shown, for imparting circular motion only to the bar or tube and the angular tables Z,
described in connection with Figure 19, fitted on the inlet and delivery side of the
machine, having knee plates L on cach table, wrought backwards and forwards
along with the anvil rest N by screws or other equivalent.
The same angular tables and knee plates may also be fitted to the disc roll
machine, described in connection with Figures 24 and 28, to enable all sizes of bars
and tubes to be rolled and straightened, with their centres passing axactly through
the centre of the machine, and thus allow the points of contact on each of the
slightly rounded acting faces of the discs to bear truly opposite the one another to
produce an efficiently rolled and straightened bar or tube.
Disc rolls could also be fitted in cylindrical frames slightly angular, and have the
horizontal table Z₁, as described in connection with Figure 20. In this case both
housings with their rolls would be moved. Figure 32 is a diagram of these rolls
set in position to produce a circular end motion of the bar in the opposite direction
to the arrows, marked X, X, on plan Figure 29. Figure 33 represents a diagram of
the same rolls, shown in position to impart circular end motion in the direction of
the arrows in plan Figure 29.
Figures 34 and 35 show an arrangement of disc rolls, described in connection with
Figures 24 and 28; but these rolls are ranged nearly vertical, so as to allow the
face of the under disc to act as the anvil bar or rest; the circular motion or circular
backward or forward motion would be imparted to the bars or tubes by moving tho
side guides K, with the bar or tube between them, to either side of the centre
line aa.
Although all the arrrangements of disc or face roller machines, for rolling or
straightening bars or tubes, Figures 24 to 26, on Sheet 3, and Figures 27 to 33, on
Sheet 4, have been shown with their discs or rollers placed vertically, and their
parallel or angled axes B, B', horizontally to swivel on a horizontal frame D and
axis a --- -a, with fixed table or anvil bars N below, and guides 0, 0, above;
still it will be understood that all these might equally well be arranged to swivel in
a vertical frame D on the axis a a, substantially as in the machines with edge
rollers A, A', described in reference to and shown in Figures 1 to 7, on Sheet 1, or
Figures 21 to 23, on Sheet 3, in which case the under discs A" or A would bear
up and guide the bar or tube horizontally, and therefore only require the new or
improved side guides K, shown in Figures 1 to 7, and 21 to 23, or as shown between
the discs A1, A2, in Figures 34 and 35, on Sheet 4.
By another improvement these swivelling edge roller and disc machines, as
described in reference to the several Figures 24 to 33, and Figures 34 and 35, on
Sheets 3 and 4, may be wrought in pairs for rolling and drawing each bar between
them when desired, set at a convenient distance apart, and have a grinding wheel or

page_text: wheels (which may be made of any usual grinding substance, and of any construction)
fitted over or round the bar or tube, with suitable guides under or at their sides,
between the two machines, so as to grind or polish the bar or tube being traversed
by and between the two rolling and drawing or straightening machines. These
machines so used for the grinding or polishing, or it might be the burnishing of bars
or tubes, may have a die or gauge of the exact diameter to which the bar is desired to
be ground, and mounted on the delivery side of the bar or tube. In this case the
grinding wheels R¹, R', may be actuated by a band, lever, screws, or otherwise, to
give the pressure on the bar or tube under operation; or otherwise, instead of these
revolving, grinding, and polishing rollers or cylinders, stationary grinding blocks
might be so fitted and used.
And in order to grind bars or tubes to a great degree of nicety, a size indicator is
placed, with its diamond or hardened steel points resting against the bars or tubes
to be ground, between the grinding wheels or blocks, and the exact diameter of the
bar or tube under operation is shown to the attendant by the indicator pointers
working across a marked or divided index plate or card. A number of sets of these
size indicators may be ranged in a machine, according to the number of sets of
grinding wheels or blocks used for finishing the bars or tubes.
The easy manner in which these machines can be inade to give a swift or slow degree
of traverse, in either direction to a circular motion, allows the part of the bars or tubes
under operation, which may be greater in diameter than necessary, to be ground down
to the required size by slowing the end traverse, and allowing these parts of the bars
or tubes, which may be too large in diameter, to be acted upon by the grinding
material until they are reduced to the proper, diameter. This diameter when
attained will be indicated by the pointer falling back to the division lines on the
index plate, when the bar or tube is again fed forward as required. The indicator
pointers will always denote the amount of feeding action to be given to the bar or
tube being ground, as well as the pressure to be applied to the grinding material.
Figures 36 and 37 are respectively a side and end elevation of a machine for
grinding and polishing bars and tubes, as described, in which I), D, represent any
of these improved rolling machines. The slucing gear of the rolls for imparting to
the bar the desired amount of traverse in either direction will be connected and
put in motion by suitable mechanism convenient to the attendant working the
machine. Bearing blocks P, P', are fitted on each side of the size indicator, and
formed to steady the bar or tube under operation. The entering bearing block P
may be made slightly self-adjusting in order always to hold steadily the bars or
tubes in the centre line of their motion, through their diameters may be slightly
unequal while passing through the entering bearing or guide block.
R, R, represent two stationary grinding blocks, of emery or other material, and
R, R, represent a pair of emery grinding wheels, which would be mounted on
suitable carrying fraines, and the pressure of the grinding material against the bars
or tubes would be maintained by hand, springs, weights, or screws. The size
indicator standards P, P, rest on suitable supports, preferably on each side of the
bar, and are mounted with small turned spindles p, p, coupled near the centre to
allow of their being shortened or lengthened to suit the size of bar or tube to be
ground; the ends of these spindles to be mounted with diamonds, or to have hard
steel faces to withstand wear as much as possible where they rub against the bar
or tube being ground; the other ends of the spindles ?', p', to bear against long
pointer levers (which may be made compound, if desired, in other forms of size
indicators) working across the face of an index plate or card Q, with dividing
lines q, and small centres with spiral springs at back are fitted into standards ?, ?',
to keep the pointer levers always hard up against the spindle 2', p', the other ends
of which press against the bar or tube being ground.
Before commencing to grind a bar or tube, a gauge of the size to which it is
desired to grind the bar or tube would be placed in the bearings P1, P1, and the
diamond or hardened faces of the small spindles p', p', would be adjusted to suit
the diameter by means of the screws on the spindles p', and the points of the

page_text: pointer levers Q would be kept on the dividing levers 9 of the index plate or
card Q. The position of the index pointer levers in relation to these division lines
would show at once the condition of the bar or tube at any part while under
operation.
Having thus particularly described the nature of any said Invention, and the
mode and means of performing the same, I have to state that I do not restrict
myself to the precise details I have had occasion to describe or delineate, as these
might be otherwise varied; neither on the other hand do I desire to claim the
mere use of frictional angled surface acting roll, roller, or disc machines for the
rolling and straightening of metal bars or tubes, as these have been used in several
other ways and forms; but what I believe to be novel and original, and therefore
claim as the Invention secured to me by the herein-before described Invention or
improvements and in part recited Letters Patent is,—
First. The general construction or combination of the parts of frictional angular
surface-acting metal bar, tube, or spindle rolling and straightening machines, with
or having vertically ranged edge rolling and simultaneously and equally reversible
swivelling rolls or rollers A, A¹, either with or without the new or improved port-
able side liquid box guides K, k, l, and their slides and setting-up and holding
mechanism between the rollers, all substantially as and for the purposes herein-
described in reference to and shown in Figures 1 to 7 on Sheet 1, and Figures 21
to 23 on Sheet 3 of the accompanying Drawings, or any mere modification
thereof.
Second. The general construction or combination of the parts of frictional
angular surface-acting metal bar or tube rolling and straightening machines, with
horizontal ranged edge rolling and simultaneously and equally reversible
swivelling rolls A, A¹, with and requiring only a stationary, lower table, and bar,
or guides, and either with or without the new or improved liquid box guide 0, 0,
in Figures 16 and 17 on Sheet 2, between the rollers, all substantially as and for
the purposes herein described in referance to and shown in Figures 13 to 20 on
Sheet 2 of the accompanying Drawings, or any mere modification thereof.
Third. The general construction or combination of the parts of frictional angled
surface-acting disc or face rolling horizontal or vertical mills or machines for rolling and
straightening metal bars and tubes fitted with arrangement of frames C, C₁, for carrying
and swivelling the rolling discs A", A², and A", A³, and their eccentric parallel or
angled axes B, B², equally and simultaneously up or down on the central axis a ---
in opposite or in the same direction, as described in reference to Figures 24 to 33 on
Sheets 3 and 4, respectively, and having and requiring only a fixed adjustible table
or guide between the disc rollers, and below the bar or tube, and with or without
the new or improved fixed or adjustable liquid box top guide 0, 0, above the bar
or tube and between the disc rollers, all substantially as and for the purposes and
advantages herein-before described in reference to Figures 16 and 17, on Sheet 2 of
the accompanying Drawings.
Fourth. The general construction or arrangement and use in these said new or
improved bar or tube rolling and straightening machines of stationary table ¹, ¹,
fitted with guides and setting up or adjusting screws, either with or without liquid
box or other guides K, k, on it, all substantially as and for the purposes and advan-
tages described in reference to and shown in Figures 3, 5, 7, and 9, on Sheet 1 of
the accompanying Drawings.
Fifth. The construction, arrangement, and use of portable liquid box guides K, k,
at opposite sides, and between the rollers A, A1, of these said angled edge and face
roller or disc, metal bar, or tube rolling and straightening machines, as seen in
Figures 1 to 9, on Sheet 1, and Figures 21 to 23, on Sheet 3, or between the discs
A, A, Figures 24 to 28, Sheets 3 and 4, or A1, A3, Figures 29 to 33, Sheet + of
the accompanying Drawings, when these are arranged with their axes B, B', nearly
vertical, as in Figures 34 and 35, on Sheet 4, and with their screws and actuating
guides, all substantially as and for the purposes and advantages herein-before
described,

page_text: Sixth. The construction, arrangement, and use of topi guides O, O, Figures 16 and
17, Sheet 2, above the bar or tube, between. tlie horizontal arrangements of
rollers A, A', or discs A", A, and A, A³, Figures 13 to 20, on Sheet 2, and Figures
24 to 33 on Sheets 3 and 4, with internal water box perforations, and raising and
lowering adjusting fittings to suit different diameters of bars or tubes, in these bar
and tube rolling and straightening machines, all substantially as and for the purposes
and advantages herein-before described.
Seventh. The general construction or arrangement of revolving, grinding, or
polishing wheels R', or blocks R, and side guides P, P1, for grinding and polishing
bars or tubes with exact sizeing or measuring, and indicating levers or calipers Q, Q
and index division bar or card Q' (placed between two sets of my new or improved
arrangements. of_bar_or_tube-rolling-and-straightening machines, herein-before
described and shown in the accompanying Drawings), all substantially as and for
the purposes and advantages herein described in reference to and shown in Figures
36 and 37, ou Sheet 4 of the accompanying Drawings, or any mere modification
thereof.
Eighth. The general construction or arrangement and combination of the parts of
an exact sizeing or measuring and indicating lever or calipers Q, Q, and index
division bar or card Q¹ placed between any two sets of frictional angular surface-
acting metal bar or tube rolling and straightening machines, substantially as and
for the purposes and advantages herein described in reference to, and shown in
Figures 36 and 37, on Sheet 4 of the accompanying Drawings, or any mere modifi-
cation thereof.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Farmer, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this Twenty-second day of May, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and seventy-eight.
Witness,
JOHN BROWN,
Patent Agent,
Glasgow.
JOHN FARMER. (L.S.)