Improvements in Pack Saddles and Means of Carrying Loads.
Year: 1898

page_text: Date of Application, 23rd Dec., 1898
Complete Specification Left, 23rd Sept., 1899-Accepted, 23rd Dec., 1899
.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Pack Saddles and Means of Carrying Loads.
We, Sir W. G. ARMSTRONG, WHITWORTH AND COMPANY, LIMITED, of Elswick
Works, Newcastle-on-Tyne, Manufacturing Engineers, and CHARLES CARTHEW-
YORSTOUN, Advocate, of 50A, Frederick Street, Edinburgh, Scotland, do hereby
declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
The invention has for its object to improve the construction of pack saddles
for horses, mules and other animals so as to permit of the saddle being easily
adjusted to fit animals of different sizes and shapes, and to enable loads to be
carried in a more advantageous manner than heretofore. The invention consists
of two different kinds of pack saddles, either of which may be used according
to the nature of the service required, together with means for carrying and
securing loads on each kind of saddle.
The first kind of saddle has a hinged arch-the hinge being at the crown of
the arch. The arch is adjusted to the required size or span by a coupling which
joins the sides of the arch some inches below the crown. The coupling consists
of two screws, right and left-handed, working in a long nut. Eyes at the ends
of the screws pass through slots in the sides of the arch and are secured to the
arch by bolts having screw ends. It will therefore be seen that by turning
the long nut the screws approach or recede from one another, and the span of
the arch of the saddle becomes greater or less as required. The arches are
continued down the animal's sides and are so adjusted by the hinge at top that
the ends rest against without pressing on the pannels of the saddle. These ends
are connected by a plate, board or bar, which rests on the pannels of the saddle.
The side bars of this saddle are self adjustable, swinging automatically, and
thus fit the sides of any animal. They swing partly on socket bearings and
partly on pins which hold the two parts of the hinges together. The one part
of the hinge is attached to the side bar by means of rivets, and the other to the
inner part of the arch by two bolts held by nuts. The object of the shape of
the hinge is to give a bearing not only on the pins but also on the socket
bearings a large bearing surface being a material improvement.
The side bars are adjustable to the arches of the saddle at whatever height
required by a number of slots in the arch, any of which may be used for attach-
ment by the two bolts above mentioned. By this means the side bars may
be fixed to the arches higher or lower, nearer or further apart, according to
the shape or size of the animal's back. It will thus be seen that a combination
of three things may be used to fit the saddle to animals of different sizes and
shapes (1) by side bars which are self adjustable and swing automatically
(2) by the distance of one side bar from the other as arranged by choice of the slots
through the arches, and (3) by fitting the arch itself by its adjustable hinge.
The girthing is attached to right angled triangular pieces of metal which have
two slots in one of the sides and are fixed to the arches by the same two bolts
and nuts which as above explained hold the side bar hinges to the arch.

page_text: The hooks for attachment of loads are made out of the arches.
For the carriage of loads on saddles of the above kind we use standards or
hangers in which the loads fit, and which hook on to the hooks on the arches.
To hold the loads in the standards and to enable loads to be taken off and fixed
in standards quickly we employ metal cap squares which hinge to the standards,
fit over the loads and fasten by means of drop collars, turn buckles or other
means.
Fixed to the back of the standards are channelled pieces of metal which rest
on and over the ends of the arches thus preventing the standards with their
loads, when fixed by girths, from shifting off the saddle. The loads thus rest
on the ends of the arches and do not press on the animal's sides, obviating the
evil of side galls. By this means loads may be carried fairly low on the animal's
sides giving additional stability while the weight of the loads actually rests on
the proper weight-bearing surface i.e. the side bars.
The second kind of saddle has more the appearance of an ordinary transport
saddle. The arches have no hinges, and end immediately below the side bars.
The same automatic swing side bars and the same method of fixing the side bars
higher or lower on the arches is used as described in the first saddle. The arches
are joined by four bars, the lower bars joining the ends of the arches. To these
lower bars the girthing is attached. A piece of metal of the same shape and
length as the arches is fixed to the arches by rivets. From this piece of metal
the hooks for attachment of loads protrude and form a part. The object of this
piece of metal (with its hooks) being the full length of the arch is to obviate the
weakness of a last rivet near the hooks-a material defect in pack saddles having
hook attachments of this kind. This piece of metal is, moreover, thickened at the
crown of the arch to strengthen the weakest part of the arch-its crown.
For the carriage of loads on pack saddles we propose the following improve-
ments.
1. Standards having cap squares to fit over loads as described previously.
2. Joining the standards is a flat plate, board or bar which rests against the
pannel of the saddle, or against the ends of the arches in the case of the first
described saddle.
3. One or more links are joined to the eyes of the standards to enable the
loads to be carried higher or lower on the animal's sides according as the links
or eyes are hooked on the hooks of the saddle.
Dated this 21st day of December 1898
We, Sir W. G. ARMSTRONG, WHITWORTH AND COMPANY, LIMITED, of Elswick
Works, Newcastle-on-Tyne, Manufacturing Engineers, and CHARLES CARTHEW-
YORSTOUN, Advocate, of 50A, Frederick Street, Edinburgh, Scotland, do hereby
declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be
performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:
The said invention has for its object to improve the construction of pack saddles

page_text: for horses, mules and other animals so as to permit of the saddle being easily
adjusted to fit animals of different sizes and shapes, and to enable loads to be
carried in a more advantageous manner than heretofore. The invention consists
of two different kinds of pack saddles, either of which may be used according
to the nature of the service required, together with means for carrying and
securing loads on each kind of saddle.
The first kind of saddle shown in end elevation at Figure 1 and in side elevation
in Figure 2 has a hinged arch a-the hinge a being at the crown of the arch.
The arch is adjusted to the required size or span by a coupling which joins the
sides of the arch some inches below the crown. The coupling consists of two
screws 6 right and left handed, working in a long nut b₁ Eyes at the ends
of the screws pass through slots in the sides of the arch and are secured to the
arch by bolts having screw ends. It will therefore be seen that by turning
the long nut the screws approach or recede from one another, and the span
of the arch of the saddle becomes greater or less as required. The arches a
are continued down the animal's sides and are so adjusted by the hinge wat
top that the ends rest against without pressing on the panels of the saddle. These
ends are connected by a plate, board or bar d which rests on the panels of the
saddle.
The side bars e of this saddle are self adjustable, swinging automatically, and
thus fit the sides of any animal. They swing partly on socket bearings f and
partly on pins f¹ which hold the two parts of the hinges together. The one
part of the hinge shown to a larger scale at Figures 3 and 4 is attached to the side
bar e by means of rivets, and the other to the inner part of the arch by two
bolts
held by nuts. The object of the shape of the hinge is to give a bearing
not only on the pins but also on the socket bearings-a large bearing surface
being a material improvement.
The side bars e are adjustable to the arches a of the saddle at whatever height
required by a number of holes in the arch, any of which may be used for
attachment by the two bolts above mentioned. By this means the side bars
may be fixed to the arches higher or lower, nearer or further apart, according
to the shape or size of the animal's back. It will thus be seen that a combination
of three things may be used to fit the saddle to animals of different sizes and
shapes (1) by side bars which are self adjustable and swing automatically
(2) by the distance of one side bar from the other as arranged by choice of the
holes through the arches, and (3) by fitting the arch itself by its adjustable
hinge. The girthing is attached to right angled triangular pieces of metal h
which have two holes in one of the sides and are fixed to the arches by the
same two bolts g and nuts which as above explained hold the side bar hinges
to the arch.
The hooks for attachment of loads are made out of the arches.
For the carriage of loads on saddles of the above kind we use standards or
hangers (only one is shown in Figures 1 and 2) in which the loads fit, and
which hook on to the hooks on the arches. To hold the loads in the standards k
and to enable loads to be taken off and fixed in standards quickly we employ
metal cap squares which hinge at to the standards, fit over the loads and
fasten by means of drop collars m, turn buckles or other means.
Fixed to the back of the standards are channelled pieces of metal which
rest on and over the ends of the arches a thus preventing the standards with
their loads, when fixed by girths, from shifting off the saddle. The loads thus
rest on the ends of the arches and do not press on the animal's sides, obviating
the evil of side galls. By this means loads may be carried fairly low on the
animal's sides giving additional stability while the weight of the loads actually
rest on the proper weight-bearing surface i.e. the side bars.
The second kind of saddle which is shown in end elevation in Figure 5 and
in side elevation in Figure 6 has more the appearance of an ordinary transport

page_text: saddle. The arches a have no hinges, and end immediately below the side
bars e. The same automatic swing side bars and the same method of fixing the
side bars higher or lower on the arches is used as described in the nrst saddie.
The arches are joined by four bars, the lower bars joining the ends of the
arches. To these lower bars the girthing is attached. A piece of metal us
of the same shape and length as the arches is fixed to the arches by rivets as
shown in Figures 7 and 8 which are local sections on the lines 7-7 and 8-8
Figure 5. From this piece of metal the hooks for attachment of loads protrude
anu form a part. The object of this piece of metal (with its nooks) being
the full length of the area is to obviate the weakness of a last rivet near the
hooksa material defect in pack saddles having hook attachments of this kind.
This piece of metal is, moreover, thickened at the crown of the arch to strengthen
the weakest part of the arch-its crown.
The standards are in this case joined by a flat plate board or bar ? which
rests against the panel of the saddle and similar plates may be employed in
place of the channelled pieces of the former arrangement.
in each case a
chain 1 of one or more links is joined to the eyes of the standards to enable the
loads to be carried higher or lower on the animal's sides according as the links
or eyes are hooked on the hooks of the saddle.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what
we claim is:-
• __
1. A pack saddle having an adjustable hinged arch substantially as described.
2. The combination with the subject matter of the preceding claim of the
coupling substantially as described.
3. The combination of the arch with self adjustable side bars substantially as
described.
4. The method of pivotting the side bars to the arch substantially as described.
5. Pack saddles substantially as described and illustrated in the drawings.
6. Standards having cap squares to fit over the loads substantially as described.
7. Connecting the standards by a hat plate board or bar which rests against
the panel of the saddle or against the ends of the arches substantially as described.
8. Standards or hangers for the carriage of loads substantially as described
and illustrated in the drawings.
Dated this 21st dare of Santambor 1800
SIR W. G. ARMSTRONG, WHITWORTH & Co., LIMITED,
A. NOBLE,
T. M. FALKNER,
Director.
Secretary.
C. CARTHEW-YORSTOUN.