matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN MEANS OR APPARATUS FOR GIVING ALARM IN CASE OF ATTEMPTED BURGLARIES
Year: 1856

page_text: (This Invention received Provisional Protection, but notice to proceed with the
application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles James Farrington and
William Comber at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 25th October 1856.
We, CHARLES JAMES FARRINGTON, of Hampstead, in the County of Middle-
sex, Carpenter, and WILLIAM COMBER, of the same place, Licensed Victualler,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MEANS OR APPARATUS FOR GIVING ALARM IN CASE OF ATTEMPTED BURGLARIES," to
be as follows:-
The Invention relates to the adaptation of releasing means by which clock
or other alarum may be set in motion, or by which detonating or other matters
may be exploded, in order to give alarm in case of burglarious attempts to
enter houses or other places. A series of rods or bars, each having a tendency
to be borne by spring or other means in one direction, except when held back
in the opposite direction by catches provided for the purpose acting against a
suitable stop, are applied to the interior of the door or other place to be
guarded. There is also a frame or plate capable, when pressed, of acting
upon and releasing the bars from their stops, and thereby permit them to slide
endwise by their springs or other means. The object of this plate or frame is,
that supposing a centre bit or other instrument for making a hole, and thereby
effecting an entrance, be employed, so soon as such instrument presses upon the

page_text: plate or frame, it will by pressing against release one or more of the bars,
which will then slide, as explained, endwise, and by coming in contact with a
relenser set the alarum in motion, or it may release a hammer or other instru-
ment for exploding a suitable exploding compound, or cause the discharge of
a fire-arm to give the desired alarm.
Also, the improvements apply to the application of means to the key-hole
of a door or other place, in such manner that when a key or other instrument
is introduced thereto after such means are applied, a pin or bolt will act to
cause the releasing of connecting means to the alarum used; also to the
application of such releasing means to windows and other places, capablo
when touched by the opening of the window or other place, or otherwise, of
releasing the connections to and thereby sounding alarums. The alarumis will
be placed in such position as will be most effective in giving the needful
alarm, and be connected by wires or suitable means to the apparatus, according
to our improvements.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF MACHINERY FOR CUTTING AND PULPING TURNIPS AND OTHER VEGETABLE MATTERS
Year: 1856

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Edward Hammond Bentall, of Heybridge, in the
County of Essex, Ironfounder, for the Invention of "AN IMPROVEMENT
IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF MACHINERY FOR CUTTING AND PULPING TURNIPS AND
OTHER VEGETABLE MATTERS."
Scaled the 17th June 1856, and dated the 14th January 1856.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Edward Hammond
Bentall at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 14th January 1856.
I, EDWARD HAMMOND BENTALL, of Heybridge, in the County of Essex,
Tronfounder, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for AN
IMPROVEMENT IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF MACHINERY FOR CUTTING AND PULPING
TURNIPS AND OTHER VEGETABLE MATTERS, to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to prevent the turnips and other roots, while
under the cutting or pulping operation, from turning round and slipping back
from the knives or grating surfaces, when they first come into contact therewith.
For this purpose, instead of making the front plate flat, as heretofore, and
with or without projections, I give it a curved form, proportioning it to the

page_text: diameter of the cutting barrel; I am thus enabled to obtain such a gradual
reduction of the space between the plate and the periphery of the barrel, as to
ensure a steady cut upon turnips or other roots, of all sizes, and at the same
time to prevent the choking of the machine at or near the point of exit for the
severed pieces or pulp.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE TREATMENT AND APPLICATION OF FATTY, RESINOUS, AND GUMMY SUBSTANCES, AND IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PASTES, GREASES, AND SOAPS
Year: 1856

page_text: :
LETTERS PATENT to William Johnson, of 47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the
County of Middlesex, and of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North
Britain, Civil Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
TREATMENT AND APPLICATION OF FATTY, RESINOUS, AND GUMMY SUBSTANCES,
AND IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PASTES, GREASES, AND SOAPS."-A com-
munication.
Sealed the 2nd May 1856, and dated the 23rd January 1856.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Johnson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 23rd
January 1856.
I, WILLIAM JOHNSON, of 47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the County of Middle-
sex, and of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North Britain, Civil Engineer,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
TREATMENT AND APPLICATION OF FATTY, RESINOUS, AND GUMMY SUBSTANCES, AND
IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PASTES, GREASES, AND SOAPS," a communication from
abroad, to be as follows:-
This Invention relates, in the first place, to the combination of gluten, starch,

page_text: or flour, or the farinaceous, slimy, or gummy matters, of vegetables, with resins,
fats, soaps, greases, oils, wax, pitch, and, bituminous substances, for the
advantageous application of the compounds so obtained to various useful pur-
poses; and, for example, in the manufacture of soaps, greases, and pastes, and
of compounds containing gutta percha or caoutchouc. Some of these compounds
may be obtained in a form resembling what is termed "spun glass." Some of
these compounds may also be improved by treating them with solutions of glue
or gelatine in combination with 'alum, catechu, or other tanning agents.
In the manufacture of certain of the soaps herein-before referred to ammonia
is evolved, and may be collected or utilized. In the manufacture of soft soap
soda may be used instead of potash. Horn, hair, wool, skins, membranes, and
other similar substances may be advantageously employed in the manufacture
of soaps, pastes, and greases.
This Invention also relates to the decolorization of resins, fats, and oils, which
is to be effected by my patented process for bleaching" vegetable fibres, by
alternations or changes of temperature.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ANVILS
Year: 1856

page_text: by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Peter Wright at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 6th September 1856.
I, PETER WRIGHT, of Dudley, in the County of Worcester, Vice and Anvil
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN
IMPROVEMENT IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ANVILS," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to facilitate the manufacture of anvils. In
place of using dies and pressure, by which I now mould or reduce scrap iron to
the form required for this manufacture, I propose to run malleable iron pro-
duced by Bessemer's process (or iron converted by the application of a blast of
air to the molten crude metal) into suitably shaped moulds or dies, and thus
to obtain without manual labor the basic form of the anvil, or a part of such
basic form, as circumstances may dictate. This casting of malleable iron may
be put under the hammer to improve its texture, and when properly worked
up, it is steeled at the upper face, and at the beak or beaks, in the ordinary
manner.
IMPROVEMENTS IN HATS AND OTHER COVERINGS FOR THE HEAD
Year: 1856

page_text: (This Invention received Provisional Protection,
application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Pigott at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 20th June
1856.
I, HENRY PIGOTT, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North Britain,
Hat Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN HATS AND OTHER COVERINGS FOR THE HEAD," to be as follows,
that is to say:
This Invention relates to the arrangement and construction of hats and
other coverings for the head, in such manner as to secure a good easy fit of the
bat body to the head, combined with free and thorough ventilation. The
lining of the hat, or that part of the internal fitting which actually bears upon
or against the head, is attached, in the usual way, to the hat near the brim
thereof for the greater part of the way round; but the portion embracing the
temples and forehead is loose, and quite disconnected from the hat body. The
hat body at this front part is double or has an inner layer or lining piece; this
duplex part extends to about the depth of the lining, and a clear air space is
left between it and the hat body, the edge of the lining being attached to the
edge of the loose inner layer or lining instead of to the hat body. Both the
fitting lining and the inner diaphragm or layer are perforated to admit of ven-
tilation. An external air current has free passage from the outside up between

page_text: the hat body and the loose front piece, and thence through the perforations in
the latter into the interior of the hat, carrying off the heat through the usual
ventilation in the hat crown; similarly, heat from the forehead can escape
directly through the fitting lining by the perforations in it, and pass through
the hat crown. Hats made in this way fit well and comfortably over the
temples, and allow for the irregularities in the form of the head, whilst the
provision for ventilation insures coolness. The difference between the moulded
form of the hat body and that of the fitting lining and internal diaphragm is
produced by a moveable metal slip which is added to the block for the body,
and removed therefrom for the lining mould.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR WINDING THREADS
Year: 1856

page_text: by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Gedge at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 23rd May 1856.-
A communication.
I, JOHN GEDGE, of No. 4, Wellington Street South, Strand, in the County
of Middlesex, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR WINDING THREADS,"
communicated to me by C. M. F. Perrier, of Sauviat, France, to be as-
follows:-
I propose to compose the apparatus thus:-I take a sexagonal piece of wood,.
resting it on three supports; from this sexagonal piece will rise two uprights,
with cross pieces at top and bottom, forming an open frame. In these uprights
will be pierced at various distances holes to receive the ends or spindles of the
winding cylinders, which, being placed in position (according to the size of
skein required) between the uprights, are acted upon by means of a wheel.
This wheel will turn upon two puppets, and have on its centre a lever, loosely
fixed with and on a screw, the other end of which (lever) gives an alternating
motion to a rod loosely resting on a small column, over which it works in an
"askew "motion; another wheel, which I call a mandril wheel, turns perpen-
dicularly over its axle, which is formed by the mandril. A small rod will be
fitted to the mandril by a spring, its use being to pinch (as between the thumb

page_text: and finger) the end of the skein.. The catgut for imparting the motion is
passed over the upper part.of. the wheel. first mentioned from back to front,
and thence surrounds the second wheel and, mandril, where it is tied into a.
knot. A handle fixed on the spindle or axle of the first-named wheel will on
being turned set the whole in motion, and wind the thread evenly on the
cylinders fixed between the uprights, as aforesaid.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MEANS OF REGULATING THE TONE OF KETTLE DRUMS
Year: 1856

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry John Distin at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 2nd October
1856. A communication.
I, HENRY JOHN DISTIN; of No. 31, Cranbourn Street, Leicester Square, in
the County of Middlesex, Musical Instrument Manufacturer, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MEANS OF
REGULATING THE TONE OF KETTLE DRUMS," to be as follows:-
My improvements consist in the arrangements shown in the Sheet of
Drawings which accompanies this my Provisional Specification, by which the
heads of kettle drums may be more easily and advantageously tightened or
slackened for the purpose of regulating their tone, as may be required; and
the same letters in each Figure refer to the same parts.
Figure 1 shows the shell of the drum in section; Figure 2 the same, partly
in section, with the vellum or head of the kettle drum strained over by means
of the loose ring a; Figure 3 is a plan view of the same. The shell 6 of the
drum is turned over at the edge, so as to form a channel c, and by means of
that channel the shell is suspended on the upper edge of the band d of the
framework No. 1. When the head with its loose ring is placed on the band d,
the framework No. 2 is fixed, as shown in Figure 4, by means of the screws
e, e, e, e, e, e, e, e, at the ends of the rods f, f, into the band or ring 9, g, so
that the band or ring h, h, may press equally or nearly so all round on the loose
ring a. i, Figure 5, is a shaft or support, which is formed into a male screw as

page_text: far as j and having the upper, part from, to le plain. The part 1, which is
connected with the band g, g, and is, in fact, its centre, is formed with a female
screw, so as to work on the screw shaft i; and the part m rests on the top of
the screw at j, or on a washer thereon, so as to revolve loosely round the plain
part of the shaft; therefore, by turning the framework, when put together as
in Figure 4, round from right to left, the band h, by means of the rods 6, e,
the band g, g, and the screws 1, i, being drawn down and pressed on the loose
ring a, the head of the drum will thereby be strained and tightened as required,
and of course by reversing the movement the head will be loosened. Figures
6 and 7 show parts already mentioned..
I claim as my improvements the combination above described; but I do
not limit myself to the precise details as shown, as they may be necessarily
varied without departing from the nature of my said Invention.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN FASTENERS FOR SHUTTERS, WINDOWS, DOORS, AND SUCH LIKE PURPOSES, AND WHICH SAID FASTENING IS ALSO APPLICABLE TO THE COUPLING OF RAILWAY CARRIAGES AND TRUCKS, AND OTHER USEPUL PURPOSES
Year: 1856

page_text: his invention received rovisional Irotection, out notice to proceed with the
application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Bragg Flint at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
12th April 1856.
I, WILLIAM BRAGG FLINT, Truss Manufacturer, of Birmingham, in the
County of Warwick, do hereby declare the nature of my said Invention
for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN FASTENERS FOR SHUTTERS, WINDOWS, DOORS,
AND SUCH LIKE PURPOSES, AND WHICH SAID FASTENING IS ALSO APPLICABLE TO THE
COUPLING OF RAILWAY CARRIAGES AND TRUCKS, AND OTHER USEPUL PURPOSES,"
to be as follows (that is to say):-
My Invention consists, in the first place, in so forming the shutter lift or rest
for the bar in such a way that it is not possible for the bar to be pulled either
up or down on the one shutter without affecting the whole, thus forming a
complete prevention against the too frequent act of the burglar, of freeing
and dropping a shutter preparatory to his cutting the glass for entering the
shop or robbing the window.
Secondly, in so forming the pin (that usually passes through the end of the
shutter bar and sash frame, to be secured on the inside by a cotter) in such a
way that it has only to be pushed in, when it will be held on the inside by a
spring catch; this is effected by making the end of the bolt conical, and with

page_text: a neck or shoulder, which when placed in its position the conical end of the
pin will press against the end of the spring catch, forcing it back, to be again
thrown forward, when the bolt is thoroughly in, by means of a suitable spring,
when the bolt will be held by the catch pressing it at the neck or shoulder,
thus obviating the too frequent careless act of not securing the shutter bar
by the omission of the cotter. This contrivance is susceptible of considerable
modification; as, for instance, the bolt may be round, square, or of an oblong
form in its transverse section, and may be double-bevelled at the end, thus
allowing the catch or bearing to press on both sides of it; and in this form,
or in the way before described, it may be beneficially used as a coupling for
railway carriages and trucks, and other such like purposes.
AN IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR RETAINING AND RELEASING CORDS OF WINDOW BLINDS, OR CORDS, BANDS, OR CHAINS EMPLOYED FOR OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1856

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William McMaster and James
M Master at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 19th July 1856.
We, WILLIAM MCMASTER, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster,
Agent, and JAMES MCMASTER, of the same Place, Salesman, do hereby declare
the nature of our said Invention for "AN IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR RETAINING
AND RELEASING CORDS OF WINDOW BLINDS, OR CORDS, BANDS, OR CHAINS EMPLOYED
FOR OTHER PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
This apparatus consists of a case or box enclosing a bowl or roller without
a pivot or axle, but revolving or running loosely in a direction from end to end
of the box or case. Upon one of the interior surfaces of this box is formed
an inclined plane, so as to render the interior of the box of a wedge shape, or
smaller at one end than the other. The cord of the blind is placed (for
example) through the aperture at one end of the case or box under the bowl
or roller, and thence through the opposite end of the box to the blind. If the
cord is now drawn downwards so as to raise the blind, the roller will fall to
the largest or lower end of the case or box, and allow the cord to run free;
but when the blind is raised to the height required, if the cord is released
from the hand, the weight of the blind will cause the cord to run rapidly
through the box, and by its friction lift the bowl or roller to the smaller or
upper end of the box, thus tightening upon the cord, which will be held or
retained between the roller and the interior surface of the box until it is again

page_text: drawn downwards, when the roller will fall to the lower end and release it
until again allowed to rise, upon which it will be retained as before. It will
be evident that although we have only in this instance, for the sake of illus-
tration, alluded to the use of the apparatus as applied to window blinds, yet it
is equally applicable in all situations and for all purposes where cords, bands,
or chains are required to be retained and released. The apparatus may either
be fixed or allowed to swivel or hang upon a vertical or horizontal pin (as a
hinge, or be suspended upon any ordinary swivel or universal joint.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ENVELOPES' FOR CONTAINING LETTERS OR DOCUMENTS
Year: 1856

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Smith at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 26th March
1856.
I, GEORGE SMITH, of 9, Manor Road, in the Parish of Saint Mary's,
Newington, in the County of Surrey, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN ENVELOPES' FOR CONTAINING LETTERS OR
DOCUMENTS," to be as follows:-
These improvements are designed for the purpose of rendering envelopes
when sealed more secure against being opened and reclosed without detection
than envelopes as heretofore made. The means by which these improvements
are effected is by puncturing or piercing the tongue of the envelope with
innumerable small holes, arranged in the form of an ornamental fragile pattern
or device, which is afterwards coated with adhesive material as ordinarily
practised, so that when the tongue is stuck down, or, in other words, when the
envelope is sealed, in the event of an attempt attempt being made to unseal it,
the chances are that the fragile pattern would be sufficiently injured or
destroyed to prevent the envelope being again sealed so as to present the same
perfect appearance that it did previously, thereby exposing the fact of the
envelope having been tampered with. Another mode of affording additional
security to envelopes is by attaching a delicate piece of perforated or plain
paper to the under side of the tongue of the envelope, so as still further to
increase the difficulty of unsealing the envelope. Another mode of affording

page_text: additional security to the tongue of the envelope is by tracing a pattern or
design with acid upon the tongue of the envelope, or upon the thin paper
affixed thereto, the intention being to destroy the tenacity of the fibres of the
paper, where the acid is, without altering the appearance of the tongue, so that
any attempt to unseal the tongue would have the effect of removing from
the tongue a portion, if not all, of the pattern traced by the acid, and thus
operate as a detector.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MODE OF PREPARING AND APPLYING SILK WASTE
Year: 1856

page_text: Sealed the 11th November 1856, and dated the 14th May 1856.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Charles Henry Olivier at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
14th May 1856.
I, CHARLES HENRY OLIVIER, of 37, Finsbury Square, in the County of
Middlesex, Commission Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MODE OF PREPARING AND APPLYING SILK
WASTE, to be as follows:-
The ends and hard waste silk must first be sorted to extract foreign matters
thereform, then dyed and dryed, and after being cleaned they are separately
cut into lengths of about half an inch and then transferred to the crusher.
The next part of the operation consists in carding them, either in a machine
with the thick toothed cards, or in two machines, one with stiff toothed cards,
and afterwards in another, with No. 28 or No. 26 cards, in good condition.

page_text: These two last machines should be constructed so as to permit of their being
brought into close proximity, especially the latter..
The ordinary movement off the said carding-machines must be altered, viz.,
the entry rollers must be made to work two. rotations slower than for wool
carding; the workers must work as slowly as possible; the flyer rather quicker
than for wool, the combs a third slower than for wool; the other parts of the
machine must work at the usual speed. This preparation must be effected on
the dry silk, which when finished may be mixed with other fibrous materials.
Waste silk combings or untwisted silk waste only requires to be dyed and
sorted, and then introduced into two carding machines, which must be set up
for working hard waste. This preparation of waste silk combings should be
effected on the dry silk, and to facilitate its egress from the machines 5 or 6
per cent. of wool may be added to it, with which. material it is afterwards
necessary to mix it for spinning.
The silk waste being mixed with wool can be spun in a similar manner to
wool, except that only the wool requires to be oiled; and when spinning a
sample composed of 3rds of wool and rd silk, I spin 15 per cent. finer
to obtain the same thread as when spinning wool alone.
IMPROVEMENTS IN TRANSMITTING FAC-SIMILE COPIES OF WRITINGS AND DRAWINGS BY MEANS OF ELEC- TRIC CURRENTS
Year: 1856

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Thurrell, Elizabeth Mary
Muller, and John Robert Chidley at the Office of the Commissioners
of Patents, with their Petition, on the 1st January 1856.
We, JOHN THURRELL, of Castle Street East, Oxford Street, ELIZABETH
MARY MULLER, of 58, Greek Street, Soho, in the County of Middlesex, and
JOHN ROBERT CHIDLEY, of Gresham Street, in the City of London, Gentleman,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
TRANSMITTING FAC-SIMILE COPIES OF WRITINGS AND DRAWINGS BY MEANS OF ELEC-
TRIC CURRENTS" to be as follows:-
The writing or drawing to be transmitted is written or drawn upon any
substance which is a good conductor of electricity, with a varnish or other
material which is a non-conductor of electricity.
There are two metal cylinders, one at the station from which the writing or
drawing is sent, and the other at the station to receive the same. Around
or upon one cylinder the writing or drawing to be transmitted is placed, and
around or upon the other cylinder is placed a piece of ordinary writing paper,
upon which a fac-simile of the transmitted writing or drawing is traced or
inscribed by the agency of electro-magnetism in the following manner :-In
the direction of the axis of that cylinder around which the writing or drawing
to be transmitted is placed, and across the surface thereof, a magnetized point
or roller is caused to traverse to and fro, and is kept in connection with an
ordinary voltaic battery, and over the surface of the other or receiving cylinder

page_text: a pencil or other marking point or instrument is caused to traverse in like
manner to the before-mentioned magnetized point, these two points being
connected together by a single wire extending between the two aforesaid
stations.
The effect of thus arranging the apparatus is as follows:-Supposing the
two cylinders to be of equal diameters and to be moving at the same speed, it
will
I appear evident, that so long as the contact of the electric current is unbroken
the magnetized point will also keep in contact with the surface of the trans-
mitting cylinder, and thus cause the marking point of the other or receiving
cylinder to make a continuous mark or line upon the paper with which it is in
contact; but immediately the transmitting point comes into contact with the
non-conducting material with which the writing or drawing is written or
drawn, the electric contact will bo broken, and the receiving point will cease
to mark until the contact is again established; and thus it will appear evident
that a fac-simile copy of the writing or drawing to be transmitted from one
station will be traced upon the receiving paper at the other station.
AN IMPROVED THRASHING MACHINE
Year: 1856

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Fowler and William
McCollin at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 29th January 1856.
We, WILLIAM FOWLER and WILLIAM MCCOLLIN, of the Borough of Kings-
ton-upon-Hull, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN
IMPROVED THRASHING MACHINE" to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in applying hollow eccentrics so arranged as, to
shake the straw in a superior manner to the ordinary rail or bar shakers now
generally in use. We place three or more shafts transversely of the machine,
and connected together by connecting rods and cranks, and on these shafts are
fixed hollow eccentric wheels, and the space between which is filled up by wire
work. The eccentrics are so placed on the aforesaid shafts that the full side
of each alternate wheel is connected with the low or flat side of its fellow,
thus making them work in equilibrium. The wheels and shafts are also so
arranged that the full side of the wheels on one shaft work between the full
sides of the wheels on the adjoining shaft. Motion being given to the first
shaft, the others are put in motion by means of connecting rods and cranks;
the straw then comes from the machine on the eccentric wheels (which are
revolving in the direction the straw has to take), and is shook by the alternate

page_text: rise and fall of the wheels in turn, and the rising of the eccentrics on each
shaft working between the eccentrics on the adjoining shaft prevents the straw.
from lapping round, and keeps it moving in its longitudinal motion to its
destination.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE SMELTING OF IRON ORES
Year: 1856

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Robert Mushet, of Coleford, in the County of
Gloucester, Metallurgist, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
SMELTING OF IRON ORES."
pursuance of the conditions of the Letters
avent.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Robert Mushet at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 16th
September 1856.
I, ROBERT MUSHET, of Coleford, in the County of Gloucester, Metallurgist,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE SMELTING OF IRON ORES," to be as follows, (that is to say) :-
My said Invention consists in the use or application of combustible car-
bonaceous matters together with air or blast in the smelting of iron ores. For
the purpose of carrying my improvements into effect, I blow into a blast or
smelting furnace used in the smelting of iron ores powdered coal, coke, char-
coal, peat, or other carbonaceous matters capable of combustion, so as to produce
in the lower parts of the furnace gases of a nature which are calculated by their
combustion to raise the temperature of those parts of the furnace or its contents,
and which also have a tendency to deoxydise the ores or metal, and to improve

page_text: the quality and increase the quantity of iron obtained from the ores. The
carbonaceous matters used for this purpose must be reduced to powder by some
convenient means, and may in that state be blown into a furnace through tubes,
resembling ordinary tuyeres, by means of blasts of air, or a stream of powdered
carbonaceous matter may be allowed to fall into each or some of the ordinary
blast tuyeres, so as to be carried into the furnace with the air or blast passing
through such tuyere or tuyeres.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE ARRANGEMENT OF FURNACES
Year: 1856

page_text: (This Invention received Provisional Protection, but notice to proceed with the
application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Watson at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 9th January
1856.
I, WILLIAM WATSON, of Leeds, in the County of York, Manufacturing
Chemist, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE ARRANGEMENT OF FURNACES" to be as follows:-
My improvements consist in so arranging furnaces for the burning of fuel,
that the fuel shall be first placed upon a hearth, upon which such fuel will be
in the first instance ignited and partially consumed, and shall be supplied with
such portion of atmospheric air as is necessary for partial combustion; and for
the purpose of being able properly to control the admission of air to the hearth,
I find it advisable that such hearth should be kept nearly full of fuel up to a roof
or covering over it; and to effectuate this, I feed it by an opening through such
roof, so that the space between such hearth and its roof may be kept constantly
full of fuel, such hearth being also conveniently placed with relation to a second
furnace or fire bars suitably constructed for the purpose, and so arranged and
placed in reference to the hearth, that the fuel which shall have been ignited
and partially burnt on the hearth may be readily pushed from the hearth on
to the furnace or fire bars for the completion of its combustion, and so that
the smoke or carbonaceous gases evolved from such fuel in the first stage of
combustion is consumed on passing from such partially ignited fuel in a direction
over the furnace or fire bars mentioned.
IMPROVEMENTS IN EXTRACTING METALS FROM THEIR ORES
Year: 1856

page_text: (This Invention received Provisional Protection, but notice to proceed with the
application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Calvert at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 1st January
1856.
I, JOHN CALVERT, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
IMPROVEMENTS IN EXTRACTING METALS FROM THEIR ORES, to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in the application of electricity to facilitate the
decomposition and extraction of metals. This I purpose to effect either by
passing an electric current through the ore whilst in the furnace, thereby
compelling the metal either to precipitate in contact with an electrically
opposite substance, or to aggregate in nodules. The old process of sweating and
washing I adopt, using the cheaper kinds of fluxes than those at present used
in that process. Sometimes while in the furnace, or after taking from the
furnace, I adopt the old method of immersing the ore in water, or applying the
same to it; but in addition to this old method I charge the water with an
opposite substance to the "base" of the ore, that is, for instance, if the ore be
quartz or acid base, I charge the water with alkali, taking care in most
instances to keep the vessel'in which the immersing takes place under electric
influence. Or in the case of such ores as are not suited for furnace treatment, I
bring the electric and opposite arrangements into play on the ores, under a slow
liquid or fluid electric decomposition, thereby bringing them into solution, and.
acting upon them while in solution, which I engender either by bringing ores of

page_text: an opposite nature to act upon each other (for instance, the oxide of tin in
opposition to the sulphuret of copper, or the sulphuret of iron in opposition to
the carbonate of iron), or where this is not convenient through scarcity of the
necessary ores, then I use metals, and sometimes introduce the known or
suitable acidulous solutions used for electrical decomposition. In order to
economically conduct this operation on the large scale, in many instances I
considerably dilute the acidulous solutions with water, which would be other-
wise too expensive, and assist their action by the addition of an opposite
substance (such, for instance, as an alkali in opposition to an acid base). I
sometimes use carbon, either in the furnace process, or that last mentioned.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE TREATMENT OR MANUFACTURE OF ORNAMENTAL FABRICS OF THE LAPPET CLASS
Year: 1856

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Pollock at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 14th
May 1856.
I, WILLIAM POLLOCK, of Paisley, in the County of Renfrew, North
Britain, Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE TREATMENT OR MANUFACTURE OF ORNAMENTAL FABRICS
OF THE LAPPET CLASS," to be as follows, that is to say:
This Invention relates to that part of the manufacture of ornamental
fabrics of the "lappet" class wherein the loose surface threads by which the
device or figure is formed are cut from the piece to bring it to its finished
state. Any ornamental fabrics may be treated by this process, provided the
figure, being of the lappet leaf or harness class, is made up or composed of
regularly disposed portions of weft woven into the body of the piece. The
Invention is preferably carried out in the loom in which the goods are woven.
The cutting knife is a straight blade, stretching across the loom in suitable
guides, and made to traverse continuously with a diagonal cutting action across
the entire width of the piece. The cutting traverse may be given either by
cranks, cams, or other mechanical movements, or by an air-pressure cylinder
and piston. The loose threads are elevated, and properly disposed to meet
the cutting action of the knife, by the agency of a frame, carrying a series of
diagonally disposed lifting fingers.
As the piece passes over or through the cutting apparatus these fingers

page_text: enter diagonally between the loose threads and the body of the piece, so as
to insure the proper disposition of the threads to meet the cut.
Instead of thus cutting the threads in the loom, the operation may be con-
ducted in a separate cutting machine, quite independantly of the weaving
action.
Instead of using diagonally disposed fingers or lifting pieces, straight or
direct acting ones may be employed, and a spiral or rotatory cutter may be
substituted for the plain traversing knife.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BALL COCKS AND COCKS IN GENERAL FOR DRAWING OFF FLUIDS
Year: 1856

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to George Eskholme and Henry Wilkes, of Rotherham,.
in the County of York, Engineers, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS
IN BALL COCKS AND COCKS IN GENERAL FOR DRAWING OFF FLUIDS."
Sealed the 24th December 1856, and dated the 16th July 1856.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said George Eskholme and
Henry Wilkes at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 16th July 1856.
We, GEORGE ESKHOLME and HENRY WILKES, both of Rotherham, in the
County of York, Engineers, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN BALL COCKS, AND COCKS IN. GENERAL FOR DRAWING OFF
FLUIDS," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to an improved construction and arrangement of self-
closing ball or other cocks, whereby simplicity and cheapness of construction
are combined with greater certainty of action than can be attained by. the
ordinary ball or other cocks at present in use.
According to this Invention, the opening and closing valve is made to act
in conjunction with the pressure of the fluid when in the act of closing the

page_text: cock, in place of acting against the pressure, by which means the closing of
the cock by the rising of the ball, float, or other apparatus will be effected
with greater facility, as the pressure of the fluid rushing through the cock at
the time of closing will, by acting on the valve, greatly assist the float or other
apparatus in closing the same. The valve itself consists simply of a metal
plunger, with its lower end or face expanded, so as to allow the fluid to act
upon it. It may be flattened, conical, or any other suitable form on the
under side, to fit accurately on to a leather, india-rubber, or other suitable
packing ring, which forms the valve seating. The inlet to the cock is placed
above the valve, and the valve itself is placed above its seating, so that when
the valve is elevated by the ball, float, lever, or other apparatus, the cock will
be open; but when the float rises, its lever or other apparatus is made to
depress the plunger, and force its valve in the direction of the flow of the
fluid down on to the leather, india-rubber, or other suitable packing ring
herein-before referred to.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PUMPS, WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE ESPECIALLY APPLICABLE TO BILGE PUMPS ON BOARD SHIPS AND STEAM VESSELS
Year: 1856

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION [left by James Logan at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 29th February
1856.
I, JAMES LOGAN, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, Engineer, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for IMPROVEMENTS IN PUMPS,
WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE ESPECIALLY APPLICABLE TO BILGE PUMPS ON BOARD SHIPS
AND STEAM VESSELS, to be as follows:-
My Invention consists of improvements in that part of a pump known as the
suction pipe, or the pipe leading from the pump to the hold or bottom of the
ship. It is well-known that these pipes frequently become choked or stopped
by dirt or portions of the general cargo, thereby rendering the pumps useless,
and endangering the safety of the ship at a critical moment, from the difficulty
of getting at the rose or part of the pipe so stopped. To obviate this, I place
an oblong chamber in any convenient position between the pump and the end
of the pipe, in which chamber the rose or perforated plate is placed, this serves
as a receiver for all dirt which may be drawn from the bottom of the ship, and
having a cover readily taken off is easy of access, and may be emptied at any
time; and to facilitate this, I use a rod passing through a stuffing box on the

page_text: top of the chamber, having a piston or hammer at the extreme end, and by
moving the rod up and down, any substance which may have choked the pipe
will be forced out at the bottom, or lifted into the chamber and cleared away;
by this arrangement, the pipes can always be cleansed, even when under
water, a great and obvious advantage over the usual arrangements.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN SELF-ACTING MULES, AND OTHER MACHINES OF THE LIKE NATURE FOR SPINNING AND DOUBLING
Year: 1856

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Noton, of Oldham, in the County of
Lancaster, Manager, for the Invention of "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN
SELF-ACTING MULES, AND OTHER MACHINES OF THE LIKE NATURE FOR SPINNING
AND DOUBLING."
Sealed the 2nd January 1857, and dated the 19th July 1856.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Noton at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition on the 19th
July 1856.
I, WILLIAM NOTON, of Oldham, in the County of Lancaster, Manager, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN
SELF-ACTING MOLES, AND OTHER MACHINES OF THE LIKE NATURE FOR SPINNING AND
DOUBLING," to be as follows:-
In self-acting mules of the ordinary construction, the shaper rails are
generally made of a solid piece of iron of such a form that, when the finger of
the sector runs over it, the fallers which are connected with the sector rise and
fall, thereby distributing the yarn on the spindles to build the cops; now this
Invention consists in attaching a flexible bar of iron or other metal to the
shaper rail by means of regulating set screws and nuts, or other equivalent
agents, in such a manner that it can easily be adjusted to the form required.
By this arrangement, the shape of the cop may be varied, and repairs may be
made with facility.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MODE OR METHOD OF EXTRACTING OIL AND GREASE SEPARATELY FROM SUDS USED IN WASHING FLANNEL AND OTHER WOOLLEN GOODS, FOR DISTILLING THE SAID GREASE OR OTHER FATTY MATTERS, AND IN THE APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN
Year: 1856

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Louis Horrie and James Schofield
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on
the 27th August 1856.
We, LOUIS HORRIE, of Keighley, in the County of York, and JAMES
SCHOFIELD, of Rochdale, in the County of Lancaster, Grease and Manure
Manufacturers, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MODE OR METHOD OF EXTRACTING OIL AND GREASE
SEPARATELY FROM SUDS USED IN WASHING FLANNEL AND OTHER WOOLLEN GOODS, FOR
DISTILLING THE SAID GREASE OR OTHER FATTY MATTERS, AND IN THE APPARATUS
EMPLOYED THEREIN," to be as follows:-
Firstly, to extract the oil.-After breaking the suds by sulphuric acid, we
filter them and put the sediment into canvas or other bags, which we place on
sheets of tin, iron, or other metal, and then pile them one upon another in a
press and subject them to the necessary pressure.
Whilst in the press we
heat the said substances either with fire or steam in any convenient manner.
Secondly, to extract the grease.-We take the said plates with their contents
and place them in another press, then turn steam on them and apply the
necessary pressure.
Thirdly, to distil that grease or any other fatty matter.-We take an ordinary
distilling tube, but instead of condensing the steam in the usual manner, we

page_text: place or fix in the inside of the tube, spouts, or troughs, as nearly as possible in
contact with the grease or fat to be distilled, which spouts or troughs receiving
the said steam, condenses and conveys it away, immediately dispensing with
the ordinary method of steam and vacuum.
IMPROVEMENTS IN AXLES, BOXES, AND WHEELS FOR CARRIAGES
Year: 1856

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Patrick Heyns at the Office of
the Commissioners' of Patents, with his Petition, on the 2nd July
1856.
I, PATRICK HEYNS, of Poplar, County of Middlesex, Cooper, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN AXLES, BOXES,
AND WHEELS FOR CARRIAGES," to be as follows:-
I form my axles so that each end shall be conical, the thick end being at
the extremity of the axle, and tapering inwards as far or a little beyond the
part where the wheels bear and are fixed.
cap, the interior of
The conical parts of the axle are inclosed each by a
which is similarly conical, so as accurately to fit the axle. These caps, which
may be either of metal or wood, or a combination of both, are made of two or
more parts, and fastned together and around the said ends of the axle by bolts
or screws through flanges or clasps, or otherwise; the inner end of the said
cap is enlarged into a disc or other form, and partly hollowed so as to act as a
vessel for containing a lubricating substance. The interior of the cap has
a groove or slot cut in it either longitudinally or spirally to convey the lubri-
cating substance along and around the surface of the axle; or instead of having
the groove in the cap, it may be similarly cut along the axle. To prevent the
lubricating substance from passing inwards from the vessel, a washer passing

page_text: round the axle presses firmly against the inner face of it. The cap being now
securely fastned to the axle, but free to move round it, the wheel is hung
centrically upon the cap, and strongly fixed to it.
Instead of making the ends of the axles conical, they may be cylindrical,
and at a short distance from the ends (having previously slid on a well-fitting
washer) I fix, weld, or cast a projecting ring or shoulder; the cap, which is
made as before, except that it may if necessary be all in one piece, and have
its inner surface cylindrical, is put over the end of the axle, and the wheel
is hung upon it, as before mentioned; and the three, the wheel, cap, and
washer are securely fastned together, so that they all move freely round the
axle, but cannot become detached from it; or if the washer and cap be con-
nected, the wheel may be secured to the latter by a screw, ring, or band
passing over the end of it.
I propose also to form a wheel by joining two discs formed of boards in such a
way that the grain or fibres of the boards of the one dise shall be at right angles
to the fibres of those of the other disc. I form the tire of the said wheel of
angle or T iron, the discs being fastned to the vertical leg of the tire; the nave
may be of wood or metal, or of combinations of these, centred and fastned to the
discs. In some cases I form the naves of my wheels of cells of cast or wrought
iron fastned together, the intervals between the spoke sockets being filled up
with wood pressed in. I arrange my spokes so that their broadest faces shall
be parallel to or in a plane with the plane of the wheel.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BEARINGS, BEDS, OR SOCKETS FOR AXLES, PIVOTS, OR OTHER ROTARY PARTS OF MACHINERY
Year: 1856

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Carlo Sayno at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 25th September
1856.
I, CARLO SAŸNO, Mechanician, of Novara, Piedmont, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN BEARINGS, BEDS, OR
SOCKETS FOR AXLES, PIVOTS, OR OTHER ROTARY PARTS OF MACHINERY," to be as
follows:--
This Invention relates to improved arrangements for bearings, bed, or
sockets for axles, pivots, journals, or other rotary parts of machinery, by which
arrangements the friction is greatly diminished. The same consists in having
balls, cylinders, or truncated cones interposed between the rotary parts and the
surface of the bearings, or between intermediate plates, and thus changing the
sliding into rolling friction.