IMPROVEMENTS IN HORIZONTAL INTERNAL FIRE STEAM BOILERS, ALSO IN BARS AND FLUE PASSAGES FOR THE SAME, AND OTHER BOILERS
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Ernest de Loriere at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 29th November 1877.
ERNEST DE LORIERE, of 1, Lamont Road, Chelsea, in the County of Middlesex,
Civil Engineer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN HORIZONTAL INTERNAL FIRE STEAM BOILERS,
ALSO IN BARS AND FLUE PASSAGES FOR THE SAME, AND OTHER BOILERS."
My Invention relates to a new combination in the arrangement and construction
of steam boilers, their flues, fire-bars, and furnace, as well as new mode of settings,
the object being generating steam with economy in the consumption of fuel.
Owing to the draught (readily brought to action) of this boiler, the burning of
any sort of inferior fuel is effected, and perfect utilization of heat is obtained
throughout the large and most effective heating surface developed in the first
flue.
In order to make my Invention clearly understood, and how it is to be performed,
I will describe it as follows:-
My improvements are connected with internal firing boilers, on account of the
impurities contained in the water used for steam purposes, which impurities, in the
case of external firing boilers, are so injurious to the plate over the fire as to cause
the burning of same in a short time, besides causing a considerable waste of fuel
in producing steam through a certain coating of carbonate of lime or other deposit.
The front end of the furnace tube or fire-box portion is egg-shaped, merging into a
cylinder at the back end, so that the centre line runs from about 15 inches below
the front end, the fire-bars being in the same inclined line. Its diameter and length
will be determined according to the steaming capacity of the boiler to be erected.
The after part of the boiler is oval, of an equal diameter and section in its whole
length, connected and fitted to the furnace tube, and to the back end of the boiler.
This oval tube is furnished with a number of vertical tubes of gradually diminishing
diameters, and placed apart from each other as to leave room between them for a
strengthening ring round the oval tube; the vertical tubes of the largest diameter
commence at a short distance from the furnace tube.
A larger area is found present in the oval tube by the side of the vertical tubes
han the clear area of the furnace grate. By this arrangement and combination an
ffective heating surface is secured at the place where the heat is very high, and as

page_text: its intensity is gradually diminishing in its passage through the flue, the quantity of
water contained in the gradually reducing diameter tubes become also less to be
heated.
The proportionate areas of these vertical tubes are, the back end ones are one-half
the diameter of the larger tubes, commencing at the inlet of the oval tube, the
distance on each side of the larger vertical tubes being such that a man can easily
pass in for periodical inspection.
The vertical tubes are fitted at both ends to the oval tubes by means of ordinary
angle iron and rivets, the openings through the upper part of the oval tube facing
the vertical ones being of the same diameter as that of the latter, and as regards
the lower opening, half the diameter of the upper one should be sufficient.
Angle iron rings are rivetted externally on the oval tube, more especially between
each vertical tube, for strengthening purposes.
At the junction of the furnace and oval tube I employ an ordinary flange or
angle iron, united by means of rivets in their upper part, but in their lower part,
and up to the point whore they meet (the furnace tube is placed in the boiler lower
than the oval one, having a vertical diameter larger than the oval one for furnace
space), an iron plate is rivetted between the above-mentioned angle iron as to form
a bottom end of the furnace tube at its lower part under the furnace bridge.
At the back end of the boiler, and on the opposite side of the entrance of the side
flue in the setting, the shell of the boiler, or at least one half of it, is longer than
the boiler itself, viz, in the same length of the expansion chambers, and for strength-
ening the internal plate of this projecting part one or soveral vertical tubes should
be fitted at top and bottom by means of ordinary flanges or anglo iron similar to
those in the oval tube.
The back end of the boiler between the above projecting part is provided with
holes of a sufficient diameter for water and steam communicating from one to the
other, one of which holes must be large enough for a man to get through for
cleaning and inspection, or repairs, in case of need.
The fire-bars in the furnace are placed in an inclined position at about 14 or 15
inches below the crown of the tube at the front end, and at from 20 or 24 inches
below the crown at the back end of the fire-tube.
The furnace bridge is, say, one foot above the furnace bars, and its length towards
the oval tube is not less than 2 feet of uninterrupted length.
The fire-bars proper are plain bars resting upon other bars, and having a lon-
gitudinal expansion joint. The upper bars are almost parallel in depth, and are in
direct contact with the ignited fuel, and expand accordingly. Below these fire-bars
are other bars serving as parts thereof in appearance.
The lower fire-bars are different in shape and form to the upper ones, and each is
formed with a depending frame or wing. These frames or wings are of irregular
shape, deeper in the front part of the furnace than at the back. The wings also are
of tapered shape, thinner at the lower edges than at the upper edges, and are deeper
at the front than at the back, or of a pigeon-breast shape At the joint of these
frame bars and the upper ones there is a free fitting of ordinary tongues and rabbits
to allow for expansion of each of them separately, according to the different degrees
of heat they received. Both frame and fire bars may be made in cast iron; the
lower frame or wing, the more expensive of the two, may be made of wrought iron.
On each side of the furnace, and on the same inclined position as the fire-bars,
I arrange a feed water tube of a diameter and length determined by the size of the
furnace; these tubes, as water heaters, are united together, and also to the boiler,
by means of pipes, so that the feed water is forced through them into the boiler.
The first return flue of my boiler, either on the right or left side, starts from the
expansion chamber, running parallel towards the front of the boiler, then crossing
under, at, or near the ash-pit of the furnace for returning on the other side of the
boiler towards its end to the collecting flue or chimney stack. The flue is thus
continuous from the furnace through the boiler, then by the sides to the stack.
The expansion chamber at the end of the boiler has a depth of, say, 2 or 3 feet

page_text: below the entrance of the side flue to form a receptacle or cavity for deposit of grit
arising from combustion, and carried through the flue by the velocity of the
draught.
The radius of brick arch over the expansion chamber will be determined by the
radius terminating the projecting part of the boiler herebefore mentioned.
I also arrange a receptacle at the cross flue at the ash-pit in order that refuse
collecting therein can be removed by opening a flap or other door when desired.
I have described my several improvements as applied in combination, but they
can be used separately if desired.