Improvements in the Treatment of Short Fibres, particularly Paper Pulp, for the purpose of Forming therefrom Rovings which are applicable for Spinning into Yarn, the Manufacture of Wax Matches, and other purposes.
Year: 1891

page_text: Date of Application, 20th Nov., 1891
Complete Specification Left, 23th Dec., 1891-Accepted, 19th Mar., 1.92
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Treatment of Short Fibres, particularly Paper
Pulp, for the purpose of Forming therefrom Rovings which are
applicable for Spinning into Yarn, the Manufacture of Wax
Matches, and other purposes.
I, CARL KELLNER, Director of the Kellner-Partington-Paper-Pulp Company,
Vienna, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
This invention relates to a process by means of which short fibres-such for
instance as paper pulp-can be rendered suitable for spinning.
The process consists in subjecting the fibrous materials to be treated, to violent
motion in comparatively large quantities of water, for the purpose of separating,
and particularly of stretching or extending the same, the liquid containing the
fibres in suspension being then placed upon a moving sieve in such a manner as to
form strips of fibre-felt which are rolled together on the sieve by suitable devices,
so as to constitute in this thread-like condition a roving for further treatment.
By the process described paper pulp either alone or mixed with other longer
fibres such as animal hair, cotton, flax, jute, ramic, esparto-grass-bleached or
unbleached, dyed or undyed, can be converted into rovings suitable for being spun
into fine yarns.
Woven fabrics made from these, are soft, elastic, are capable of being cleaned,
and can even be successfully printed upon with bright colors.
Apparatus suitable for carrying out the process, may be arranged in various
ways.
Figs. 1, 2 and 3 illustrate respectively in longitudinal section, plan, and cross
section, apparatus in which the liquid flows upon a sieve-band so as to form a strip
of fibre-felt that is to be rolled-up on the same.
Fig. 4 is a detail view.
Figs. 5, 6 and 7 are respectively a longitudinal section, part plan, and front
elevation of an apparatus in which in place of the several sieve-bands, a metallic
cloth is employed, on which the strips of fibre-felt are formed.
In Figs. 8 and 9 are shewn portions of metallic cloths that serve the same
purpose by other means.
Figs. 10 and 11 are respectively a section and a plan of apparatus in which
cylinders are employed instead of longitudinal sieves.
Figs. 12, 13 and 14, shew arrangements in which the rolling up of the fibre-felt
is effected by the sieve strips upon which the fibre-felt is formed.
The fibrous material to be treated, is subjected, either alone, or in conjunction
with longer fibres, in a bleached or unbleached, dyed or undyed state, to violent
motion in large quantities of water in a stirring vat A, Fig. 1, which is advan-
tageously flat and shallow.
To effect the motion of the water there may be used air blown in through the
perforated pipe a within the vat A, or a rapidly moving stirrer or agitator a¹ may
be employed. The quantities of water to be employed are considerably greater
than is usual in paper-making, and may vary between 300-500 parts of water to
1 part of dry fibrous material, according to the nature and quantity of the
additions to the same. A mixture of 3 parts of paper pulp to 1000 parts of
water gives good results.
By long continued and violent movement in the vat A the fibres are not only
separated from one another, but also become stretched which is of advantage for
the formation of a suitable fibre-felt-strip. The liquid containing the fibres in
suspension, is pumped up by a pump a² through suitable piping into the tauk B,

page_text: into the inner receptacle B' of which it enters, thence flowing constantly into a
funnel C in which it is by the paddle wheel c kept in constant movement, for the
purpose of effecting as uniform a distribution as possible of the fibres in the liquid
in which they are in suspension.
Any liquid pumped up in excess flows over the edges of the inner receptacle B
and passes through the pipe b back into the vat A, so that the discharge through
the funnel C will remain quite uniform.
From the feeding funnel C. the liquid may be conducted in fine streams or jets
on to a sieve-like fabric that is moved along. underneath the same, the distance of
the outlet streams or jets being so chosen that the strips of fibre-felt being formed
on the sieve, shall not flow into one another.
:
Particularly advantageons is the employment (shewn in Figs. 1, 2 and 3) of
separate, sieve bands D-of horse hair or very fine wire-which, run on guide
pulleys each suitably deepened in the centre of its periphery so as to form a kind
of gutter or channel of gradually increasing shallowness, resulting from the fact
that the amount of the central deepening of the successive pulleys 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7,
supporting the sieve-band, becomes gradually less (see separate view Fig. 4) until
the last pulley is perfectly cylindrical.
The liquid flowing through the fabric is received in a trough E. and conducted
into a pulp catcher such as ordinarily used in paper-making, in which the fibres
still contained in the liquid are retained.
By the endless sieve band D, which is guided by the pulleys 8, 12, 13 and 14,
and is supported in its travel by the pulleys 9, 10 and 11, there is formed a strip of
fibre-felt which is rolled up on the sieve band D by a band F that runs parallel
with the latter.
This band F passes over pulleys 15 and 16, which rotate in a frame G¸to which
a to and fro pendulating motion is given by means of eccentrics g, whereby the
rolling-up band F has imparted to it in addition to its movement parallel to the
direction of travel of the sieve-band D, a to and fro movement at right angles
thereto. The fibre-felt strip formed on the sieve band D is thereby subjected to a
rolling-up operation directed alternately towards cither side. It is obvious that
the rolling-up action of the upper band F upon the fibre-felt strips should only
begin at a point where the fibres have already assumed the form of a coherent pulp
or paste, on the.sieve band.
The rolling-up action of the upper band F may be intensified by arranging the
last guide pulley 12 of the sieve band D also to rotate in a pendulating bearing-
frame (H) to which there is imparted from an eccentric (4) or by other suitable
means a to and fro movement that shall always be in a contrary direction to that
of the movement of the aforesaid bearing frame G. In this case the guide
pulleys 9, 10 and 11, must be made longer to allow of lateral movement of the end
of the sieve band which slides to and fro upon them during its travel.
In this manner the fibre-felt strips formed by the jets or streams of liquid
flowing on to the sieve band or a number of sieve bands running adjacent to one
another, are at the same time moved forwards, deprived of water and rolled-up, so
that they pass out from between the upper rolling-up band and the lower sieve-
fabric D, as round threads which form a roving that is wound on bobbins I to be
further treated.
For the purpose of making this roving more flexible, it, will be advantageous
prior to its further treatment to dry it to a certain extent, stretch it, bend it, and
upset it, and then to dry it again till it contains only 25% of water, and only then
to.subject it to, the final. spinning operation.
To effect these operations the roving wound on the roller I, is first passed
through a suitably, heated drying,chamber J, and then through grooved or fluted
pairs of plates Kand K, of which the second one has a to and fro movement in
the, direction of the travel of the thread.
The roving is then bent.in various directions between the fluted surfaces of these
pairs of plates, and is upset by the occasional close approach of the two pairs of

page_text: plates. The roving thereby rendered flexible can then be wound on bobbins L, on
which it is super-dried, after which it can be subjected to. the final spinning
operation in spinning machinery of known construction.
By suitably regulating the flow of the liquid upon the sieve band D, there can
be obtained in the manner described a roving of any desired degree of fineness,
which cannot be achieved by any other process, because such small quantities of
paper pulp arranged in such. thin layers, cannot be taken off from the sieve of the
paper-making machine or from the presses.
Figs. 5 to 11 inclusive illustrate apparatus for carrying out the process forming
the subject of this invention, in which the rolling-up of the fibre-felt strips is
effected on the sieve band, which is formed in such a manner that the fibrous
material flowing on to the entire width of the metallic cloth, or carried along, on
the same, is caused to become felted into single strips separate from one another.
Figs. 5, 6 and 7 illustrate an arrangement of this kind in a longitudinal sieve-
machine. The liquid, with the fibres in suspension therein, passes on to a metallic
cloth D of the usual kind, that travels over a drip-trough. E, which is furnished
with a grate-like cover composed of longitudinal bars e.
At the parts of the metallic cloth situated over the grate bars e of the trough
cover (which bars are arranged in the direction of travel of the metallic cloth); drip
of the liquid is prevented, so that the fibres can only become felted at the parts in
the sieve that pass over the openings in the grating, by reason of the loss of liquid,
whereby there are formed on the metallic cloth a number of fibre-felt strips separate
from one another.
The strip formation on the broad metal cloth of a longitudinal-sieve- (or of a
cylinder-) machine, may also be effected by providing the metallic cloth with coarse
meshes arranged in longitudinal rows (e', Fig. 8) through which the liquid passes,
so that the fibre felt formed on the metallic cloth is perforated over the coarse-
meshed rows, and thus narrow strips are formed; or instead of the rows of coarse
meshes, more closely woven longitudinal strips may be formed in the sieve-
surface of the metallic cloth (e, Fig. 9) which will not allow liquid to pass
through, so that no felting can take place over them, whilst fibre-felt- strips
are formed on the portions of the sieve surface situated between the same.
Impermeable dividing strips of this kind may also be readily formed in the metallic
cloth by soldering up the said rows of sieve-meshes of an ordinary metallic cloth
with tin, or by covering the same with bands e (Fig. 11) of clotli, felt or rubber.
It is obvious that the construction shewn in Figs. 5 and 6 for the purpose of
forming strips on the wide metallic cloth, can also be employed in a cylinder
machine, in which case the metallic cloth would travel, in place of over the grate
cover e of the trough E, over a cylinder composed of single peripheral rings
located at suitable distances apart from each other. Also a number of parallelly
moving narrow sieve bands may be arranged in a vessel containing the fibrous
material in suspension in the liquid, in such a manner that the said sieve bands
shall automatically take up the necessary amount of fibrous material that is
regulated by the degree of dilution of the liquid, which said fibrous material. will
then become felted on the same and then be twisted into threads upon the same by
a rolling-up apparatus.
The fibre-felted strips when formed are rolled-up on the metallic cloth of the
longitudinal sieve machine (Fig. 5) by means of bands. F which move to and fro
in the direction of travel of the longitudinal sieve and at right angles to the same.
These bands Frun on pulleys ffffff, etc., mounted in a supporting framing to
which a pendulating to and fro motion is imparted by the action of the eccentric gl.
The threads twisted by these means pass on to the drying cylinder J which is
heated by a steam pipe j', and from which they are conveyed to the further devices
hereinbefore mentioned.
In the cylinder machine illustrated in Figs. 10 & 11, the rolling up of the
fibre-felt strips is effected on the metallic cloth by rolls F' which are moved to and
fro in the axial direction of the said metallic cloth, and also in the direction of

page_text: their own axes. One of the said rolls receives the rotary motion from any
suitable driving mechanism by means of a wheel m keyed on the shaft of the said
roll, said rotary motion being transmitted to the second roll F by means of a
belt n¹ running on small pulleys n mounted on the shafts of the rolls. To the
supporting framing G' for the roll-bearings there is imparted a pendulating to
and fro motion by means of an eccentric ', similar to the framing of the guide
pulleys for the endless rolling-up band in the case hereinbefore mentioned.
All the apparatus hereinbefore described for the formation of the threads from
the fibre-felt strips have this in common that the rolling-up of the latter takes
place alternately sometimes in one and sometimes in the opposite transverse direc-
tion of the fibre-felt strip. Now Figs. 12, 13 & 14, shew arrangements in which
the rolling-up takes place always in one and the same direction, so that the
direction of the twist of the rolled-up fibre-felt strip in the roving thread produced,
is always the same.
In apparatus suitable for this purpose, special pendulating rolling-up bands,
rollers or pulleys can be entirely dispensed with, and the desired effect obtained
by causing the sieve band on which the fibre-felt is produced, to move back over
itself in such a manner that the returning part of the sieve band rolls up and
strips off the fibre strip on the advancing part of the sieve band.
In Fig. 12, the liquid flowing through the pipe in a fine stream or jet on to
the sieve band, becomes felted so as to form a strip which is rolled up by the sieve
band passing over guide pulleys 1, 2, 3, 4 & 5, being caused between the pulleys 2
& 3 to cross over and come in contact with the part of the sieve band carrying
the fibre-felt strip. By this means the felt strip is rolled up and the thread thus
formed is stripped off from the sieve band D and wound up on the reel I.
Fig. 13 shews a cylinder which rotates in a tank M that is furnished with
agitators or stirrers m³. Over the same there run sieve bands D arranged parallel
adjacent to one another, which take up liquid and upon which fibre-felt strips are
formed, the water dripping through the same into the catch-trough E and being
carried off by the pipe e. Each sieve band D is placed around the cylinder
rotating in the tank M and around the guide roller located externally thereto in
such a manner as to cross over itself. In consequence of this arrangement the
fibre-felt strip lying on each sieve band will be rolled up, at the point of crossing,
in the direction indicated by the serpentine arrow, and the thread thereby produced
stripped off from the sieve band.
The sieve-like fabric running over the cylinder shewn in Fig. 14, is led over the
pulleys 1-12 in such a manner that the parts of the fabric running between the
pulleys 6-7 and the pulleys 1 and 2 move both away from the cylinder. In this
arrangement the pulleys 6 & 2, and the pulleys 7 and 1, are out of line with
one another in such a way that the said parts of the fabric D do not com-
pletely cover each other, but cross each other at an acute angle. By this means
the fibre-felt strips are rolled up during almost the entire course between the
pulleys 1 and 2, and leave the pulley 2 in the form of a thread which is then
wound on the reel I.
The roving passing off between the crossed sieve fabrics or from one of the
herein before described machines furnished with rolling-up devices, is especially
suitable for the manufacture of wax matches.
When the roving is to be further treated by spinning and weaving, and for
the purpose of rendering the fabric produced therefrom, capable of resisting the
action of water and of enabling it to be cleaned, there may with advantage be
added to the fibrous materials in suspension in water in the stirring vat A or in
the cylinder tank M, resinate of soda, oleate of soda, or stearate of soda, and, by
adding sulphate of alumina, there can be effected the conversion into sulphate of
soda and resin acid-alumina, oleic acid alumina, or stearic acid alumina.
In this case, an addition of starch, chrome-glue or albumen solution is to be
recommended.
The object in view may also be effected with the latter alone, and in fact the

page_text: selection amongst the substances mentioned will depend more on the prices current
at the place of manufacture than on a difference in efficiency.
Additions of this kind impart to the roving to be produced, a tenacity which is
very desirable for the processes described, and which facilitates the stretching of the
same in the semi-moist condition.
In the subsequent drying upon hot surfaces the substances which surround the
fibres, melt or run, whereby there is imparted to the thread a considerable degree
of strength and a handsome appearance, which latter can be still further increased
by means of the known dressing-agents.
Dated this 20th dow of Navambor 1801
C. KELLNER
By L. W. per F. B.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Treatment of Short Fibres, particularly Paper
Pulp, for the purpose of Forming therefrom Rovings which are
applicable for Spinning into Yarn, the Manufacture of Wax
Matches, and other purposes.
I, CARL KELLNER, Director of the Kellner-Partington-Paper-Pulp-Company,
Vienna, IX Wasagasse 29, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in
what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement :-
This invention relates to a process by means of which short fibres-such for
instance as paper pulp-can be rendered suitable for spinning.
The process consists in subjecting the fibrous materials to be treated, to violent
motion in comparatively large quantities of water, for the purpose of separating,
and particularly of stretching or extending the same, the liquid containing the
fibres in suspension being then placed upon one or more moving sieves in such a
manner as to form one or more strips of fibre-felt which are each rolled or rubbed
together on the sieve by suitable devices so as to constitute in the thread-like
condition which it is thereby caused to assume, a roving suitable for further
treatment.
By the process described paper pulp either alone or mixed with longer fibres
such as animal hair, cotton, flax, jute, ramie, esparto grass, bleached or unbleached,
dyed or undyed, can be converted into rovings suitable for being spun into
fine yarns.
Woven fabrics made from such rovings are soft, and elastic, and are capable of
being cleaned, and can even be successfully printed upon with bright colors.
Apparatus suitable for carrying out the process, may be arranged in various
ways.
In the drawings left with my Provisional Specification,
Figs. 1, 2 and 3 illustrate respectively in longitudinal section, plau, and cross
section, apparatus in which the liquid flows upon a sieve-like band (hereinafter
called a sieve-band) so as to form a strip of fibre felt that is subsequently rolled up
on the same into a roving.
Fig. 4 is a detail view.
Figs. 5, 6 and 7 are respectively a longitudinal section, part plan, and front
elevation of an apparatus in which in place of the several sieve bands, a metallic
cloth is employed, on which the strips of fibre-felt are formed.
In Figs. 8 and 9 are shown portions of metallic cloths that serve the same
purpose.
Figs. 10 and 11 are respectively a section and a plan of apparatus in which
cylinders are employed instead of longitudinal sieves.
Figs. 12, 13 and 14 show arrangements in which the rolling up of the fibre-felt
is effected by the sieve strips upon which the fibre-felt is formed.

page_text: The fibrous material to be treated, is subjected, either alone, or in conjunction
with longer fibres, in a bleached or unbleached, dyed or undyed state, to violent
motion in large quantities of water in a stirring vat A, Fig. 1, which is advan-
tageously flat or shallow. To effect the motion of the water there may be used air
blown in through the perforated pipe a arranged within the vat-A, or a rapidly
moving stirrer or agitator a¹ may be employed. The quantities of water to be
employed are considerably greater than is usual in paper making, and may vary
between 300-500: parts of water torl part of dry fibrous material, according to
the nature and quantity of the additions to the same. A mixture of 3 parts of
paper pulp to 1000 parts of water gives good results.
By long continued and violent movement in the vat 'A the fibres are not only
separated from one another, but also become stretched which is of advantage
for the formation of a suitable fibre-felt strip. The liquid containing the fibres
in suspension, is pumped up by a pump a² through suitable piping into the tank B,
into the inner receptacle BI of which it enters, thence flowing constantly into
a funnel C in which it is by the paddle wheel kept in constant movement,
for the purpose of effecting as uniform a distribution as possible of the fibres
in the liquid in which they are in suspension.
Any liquid pumped up in excess flows over the edges of the inner receptacle B¹
and passes through the pipe back into the vat 'A, so that the discharge
through the funnel C will remain quite uniform.
From the feeding funnel C the liquid may be conducted in fine streams or
jets on to a sieve-like fabric that is moved along underneath the same, the
distance apart of the outlet streams or jets being so chosen that the strips of
fibre felt being formed on the sieve, shall not flow into one another.
Particularly advantageous is the employment of separate sieve bands D of
horse hair or very fine wire which run on guide rollers as shown in Figs. 1, 2
and 3 cach roller being suitably recessed in the centre of its periphery so as
to form a kind of gutter or channel of gradually increasing shallowness resulting
from the fact that the amount of the central deepening of the successive pulleys 1,
2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 supporting the sieve-band, becomes gradually less as shown in
the separate detail view Fig. 4 until the last pulley is perfectly cylindrical.
The liquid flowing through the fabric is received in a trough É and conducted
into a pulp catcher such as ordinarily used in paper-making, in which the fibres
still contained in the liquid are retained.
Upon the endless sieve band D, which is guided by the pulleys 8, 12, 13 and 14,
and is supported in its travel by the rollers 9, 10, and 11, there is thus formed a
strip of fibre-felt which is rolled up on the sieve band D by a band F that runs
parallel with the band D.
This band F passes over pulleys 15 and 16, which rotate in a frame G to
which a to and fro swinging motion is given by means of eccentrics whereby
the rolling up band F has imparted to it in addition to its movement parallel
to the direction of travel of the sieve band. D, a to and fro movement at right
angles thereto. The fibre-felt strip formed on the sieve band D is thereby
subjected to a rolling-up or rubbing operation directed alternately towards either
side. It is obvious that the rolling up or rubbing action of the upper band F
upon the fibre-felt strips should only begin at a point where the fibres have
already assumed the form of a coherent pulp or paste on the sieve-band.
The rolling-up or rubbing action upon the fibre-felt strips can be increased
by arranging the last guide pulley 12 of the sieve-band D to rotate in a pivoted
bearing frame H to which there is imparted from an eccentric or by other
suitable means a to-and-fro movement that shall always be in a contrary direction
to that of the movement of the aforesaid bearing frame G. In this case the
guide pulleys 9, 10 and 11, must be made longer to allow of lateral movement of
the end portion of the sieve-band which slides to and fro upon them during its
onward travel.
In this manner the fibre-felt strips formed by the jets or streams of liquid flowing

page_text: on to the sieve-band or a number of sieve-bands' running adjacent to one another
are as they move forwards, deprived of water and rolled-up, so that they each pass
out from between the upper rolling-up band F and the lower sieve band D, as a
round thread or roving that is wound on a bobbin I to be further treated.
For the purpose of making this roving more flexible, it will be advantageous
prior to its further treatment to dry it to a certain extent, stretch it, bend it, and
upset it, and then to dry it again till it contains only 25% of water; and only then.
to subject it to the final spinning operation.
To effect these operations the roving wound on the roller I, is first passed through
a suitably heated drying chamber J, and then through grooved or fluted pairs of
plates K and K of which the second one has a to and fro movement in the
direction of the travel of the thread. The roving is bent in various directions
between the fluted surfaces of these pairs of plates, and is upset by the close.
approach of the two pairs of plates. The roving thereby rendered flexible can
then be wound on bobbins L, on which it is dried again, after which it can be
subjected to the final spinning operation in spinning machinery of known
construction.
By suitably regulating the flow of the liquid upon the sieve-band D, there
can be obtained in the manner described a roving of any desired degree of
fineness, which cannot be achieved by any other process, because such small
quantities of paper pulp arranged in such thin layers, cannot be taken off from
the sieve of an ordinary paper-making machine or from the presses.
Figs. 5 to 11 inclusive illustrate another construction of apparatus for carrying
out the process forming the subject of this invention, in which the rolling-up
of the fibre-felt strips is effected on a sieve band, which is formed of metallic
cloth in such a manner that the fibrous material flowing on to the entire width
thereof, or carried along on the same, is caused to become felted into a number
of separate strips and threads.
Figs. 5, 6 and 7 illustrate an arrangement of this kind in a longitudinal
sieve-machine. The liquid, with the fibres in suspension therein, passes on to a
metallic cloth D of the usual kind, that travels over a drip-trough E, which is
furnished with a grate-like cover composed of longitudinal bars e.
At those parts.
of the metallic cloth which travel directly over these grate bars e (which are
arranged in the direction of travel of the metallic cloth), drip of the liquid is
"prevented, so that the fibres can only become felted at those parts of the sieve that
pass over the openings in the grating, by reason of the loss of liquid, whereby there
are formed on the metallic cloth a number of fibre-felt strips separate from one
another. The strip-formation on the broad metal cloth of a longitudinal sieve (or
of a cylinder) machine, may also be effected by providing the metallic cloth with
coarse meshes arranged in longitudinal rows (el Fig. 8) through which the liquid.
passes, so that the fibre-felt formed on the metallic cloth is perforated over the
coarse-meshed rows, and thus narrow strips are formed; or instead of the rows of
coarse meshes, more closely woven longitudinal strips may be formed in the sieve-
surface of the metallic cloth (e, Fig. 9) which will not allow liquid to pass through,
so that no felting can take place over them, whilst fibre-felt strips are formed on
the portions of the sieve surface situated between the same. Impermeable dividing.
strips of this kind may also be readily formed in the metallic cloth by soldering up
the said rows of sieve-ineshes of an ordinary metallic cloth with tin, or by covering the
same with bands e (Fig. 11) of cloth, felt or rubber. It is obvious that the con-
struction shown in Figs. 5 and 6 for the purpose of forming strips on the wide
metallic cloth, can also be employed in a cylinder-machine, in which case the metallic
cloth, instead of travelling over the grating or slotted covere of the trough E, (Fig.6),
would travel over a cylinder composed of a number of discs or rings located at
suitable distances apart. Also a number of parallel narrow sieve bands may be
arranged to travel in a vessel containing the fibrous material suspended in the
liquid, in such a manner that the said sieve bands shall automatically take up
the necessary amount of fibrous material which is regulated by the degree of

page_text: dilution of the liquid. The fibrous material will then become felted on the bands.
whereon it is afterwards twisted into threads by a rolling-up apparatus.
The fibre-felt strips when formed, are rolled up or rubbed into threads on the
metallic cloth of the longitudinal sieve machine (Fig. 5) by means of bands F
which move to and fro in the direction of travel of the longitudinal sieve and also
in a direction at right angles to the same. These bands F run on pulleys ff,ƒ`ƒ³‚
j, etc., mounted in a supporting framing to which a vibrating or to and fro
motion is imparted by the action of the eccentric gl (Fig. 7). The twisted threads
or rovings produced by these means, pass on to the drying cylinder .J' which is
heated by steam admitted through a steam pipe j', and from which they are
conveyed to the further devices hereinbefore mentioned.
In the cylinder machine illustrated in Figs. 10 and 11, the rolling-up of the
fibre-felt strips into rovings is effected on the metallic cloth by rolls which
rotate in the axial or longitudinal direction of the said metallic cloth, and also
move to and fro in the direction of their own axes. One of the said rolls receives
the rotary motion from any suitable driving mechanism by aneans of a wheel m
keyed on the shaft of the said roll, the said rotary motion being transmitted to the
second roll F' by means of a belt which runs on small pulleys fixed to the
shafts of the rolls. To the supporting framing G' for the roll bearings there is
imparted a vibrating or to and fro motion by means of an eccentric g', similarly to
the framing of the guide pulleys for the endless rolling-up band in the arrangement
hereinbefore mentioned.
In each of the arrangements of apparatus herein before described for the formation
of the threads or rovings from the fibre felt strips, the rolling up is effected by
rubbing the strips alternately in opposite directions and transversely to their
length. Figs. 12, 13 and 14, show arrangements in which the rolling-up takes
place always in one and the same direction, so that the direction of twist of the
rolled-up fibre-felt strip or roving produced, is always the same.
In apparatus suitable for this purpose, special vibrating rolling-up bands, rollers
or pulleys can be entirely dispensed with, and the desired effect obtained by causing
the sieve band on which the fibre felt is produced, to move back over itself in such
a manner that the returning part of the sieve band rolls up and strips off the fibre
strip on the advancing part of the sieve band.
In Fig. 12, the liquid containing the fibrous material in suspension and flowing
through the pipe c' in a fine stream or jet on to the sieve band, becomes felted as
before so as to form a strip which is rolled up by another portion of the sieve band.
For this purpose the band is arranged to pass over guide pulleys 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5,
so that the portion thereof for the time being moving between the pulleys 2 and 3
crosses over and comes in contact with the part of the sieve band carrying the
fibre-felt strip. By this means the felt strip is rolled up and the thread or roving
thus formed is stripped off the sieve band D and wound up on the reel I.
Fig. 13 shows a cylinder which rotates in a tank M provided with agitators or
stirrers m¹. Over the cylinder run a number of sieve bands D arranged parallel
and near to one another, which take up liquid containing fibrous material in
suspension and upon which fibre-felt strips are formed, the water dripping through
the bands into the catch-trough E and being carried off by the pipe e. Each sieve
band D passes around the cylinder rotating in the tank M and around the guide
roller located externally thereto in such a manner that its two portions cross each
other as shown. In consequence of this arrangement the fibre felt strip lying
each sieve band will be rolled up, at the point of crossing, in the direction indicated
by the serpentine arrow, and the thread or roving thereby produced stripped off
from the sieve band.
on
The sieve like fabric running over the cylinder shown in Fig. 14, is led over the
pulleys 1 to 12 in such a manner that the parts of the fabric running between the
pulleys 6-7 and the pulleys 1 and 2 both move away from the cylinder. In this
arrangement the pulleys 6 and 2, and the pulleys 7 and 1, are out of line with one
another in such a way that the said parts of the fabric D do not completely cover

page_text: each other, but cross each other at an acute angle. By this means the fibre-felt
strips are rolled up during almost the entire course between the pulleys 1 and 2,
and leave the pulley 2 in the form of a thread or roving which is then wound on
the reel I.
The roving passing from between the crossed sieve like fabrics or from. one of
the hereinbefore described machines furnished with rolling-up devices, is especially
suitable for the manufacture of wax inatches.
When the roving is to be further treated by spinning and weaving, and for the
purpose of rendering the fabric produced therefrom capable of resisting the action
of water, and of enabling it to be cleaned, there may with advantage be added to
the fibrous materials in suspension in water in the stirring vat A or in the cylinder
tank M, resinate of soda, or oleate of soda, or stearate of soda, which is couverted
by adding sulphate of alumina into sulphate of soda and resinate of alumina, or
oleate of alumina, or stearate of alumina. In this case, an addition of starch,
chrome-glue, or solution of albumen is to be recommended.
The object in view may also be effected with one or other of these latter
substances alone, and in fact the selection amongst the substances mentioned will
depend more on the prices current at the place of manufacture than on a difference
in efficiency.
Additions of this kind impart to the roving to be produced, a tenacity which is
very desirable for the processes described, and which facilitates the stretching of
the same in the semi-moist condition.
In the subsequent drying upon hot surfaces, the substances which surround the
fibres, melt or run, whereby there is imparted to the thread or roving a considerable
degree of strength and a handsone appearance, which latter can be still further
increased by means of the known dressing agents.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
clain is :-
1. The herein described process of rendering short fibres-particularly paper
pulp-suitable for spinning purposes, by subjecting the fibrous materials whilst
suspended in a large quantity of water (either alone, or mixed with longer fibres,
bleached or unbleached, dyed or undyed, and with or without addition of resinate
of alumina, oleate of alumina, or stearate of alumina, or of starch, chrome-glue or
albumen-solution) to continual motion for a considerable period for the purpose of
separating and stretching said fibres, in then bringing this liquid containing the
fibres in suspension on to a sieve-like fabric or band, and in then rolling up on
the sieve-like fabric the strip or strips of fibre-felt thus formed, so that the fibres
are united to form a thread or roving that is capable of further treatment.
2. In the process referred to in the preceding claim, dividing the fibre-felt formed
on a metallic cloth into longitudinal strips by causing the metallic cloth to slide
over surfaces that are composed of bars e arranged at determined distances apart in
the direction of movement of the said metallic cloth; or by providing rows of
coarse meshes e¹ or of impermeable strips e, or of dividing bands of material such
as india rubber, felt or cloth placed in or on the metallic cloth, said rows of meshes,
strips or bands being arranged at distances apart equal to the desired width of
strip.
3. In the process specified in Claim 1, catching or receiving the liquid issuing in
a fine stream or jet and containing the fibrous materials in suspension, on a sieve
band D guided by a series of pulleys of gradually decreasing peripheral concavity so
that the band has at this part of its travel the form of a channel of gradually
decreasing shallowness substantially as herein described.
4. In the process specified in Claim 1, rolling-up the fibre-felt formed on the
sieve-band, (a) by bands Farranged to travel in the same direction as the said
sieve band, and the guide pulleys of which rotate in a vibrating or reciprocating
frame G or G', in which case the end of that part of the sieve band that carries
B

page_text: the fibre-felt may also receive a to-and-fro movement; or (b) by rolling-up rollers F¹
which in addition to a rotary movement in the same direction as the sieve band D,
have a t-and-fro axial movement in a direction at right angles to the direction of
travel of the sieve band; or (c) by guiding the siere bands carrying the fibre-felt
in such a manner that on their return-travel to the receiving-place they will cross
and come in contact with that part of the sieve band carrying the fibre felt and
cause the said fibre felt to be rolled-up and removed in the form of a thread or
roving from the sieve band as set forth.
5. For the purpose of rendering the roving produced by the process specified in
Claim 1, more flexible, bending and upsetting the said roving by means of pairs of
plates K and K' which are capable of movement relatively to each other and have
Auted inner surfaces between which the roving is passed after being subjected to a
preliminarily drying operation and previous to being subjected to a further spinning
operation as set forth.
Dated this 28th day of December 1891
C. KELLNER,
By L. W., per F. B.