AN IMPROVED MACK CHINE FOR HULLING, CLEANING, POLISHING, AND GRINDING RICE, WHEAT, AND OTHER GRAIN OR SEED, AND FOR SIMILARLY TREATING VARIOUS OTHER SUBSTANCES
Year: 1870

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Samuel Gardiner, of Upper Lewisham Road,
in the County of Kent, for the Invention of "AN IMPROVED MACK
CHINE
FOR HULLING, CLEANING, POLISHING, AND GRINDING RICE, WHEAT, AND
OTHER GRAIN OR SEED, AND FOR SIMILARLY TREATING VARIOUS OTHER
SUBSTANCES
"
Sealed the 23rd May 1871, and dated the 25th November 1870.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Samuel Gardiner at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
25th November 1870.
I, SAMUEL GARDINER, of Upper Lewisham Road, in the County of
Kent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for “An
IMPROVED MACHINE FOR HULLING, CLEANING, POLISHING, AND GRINDING RICE,
WHEAT, AND OTHER GRATE OR SEED, AND FOR SIMILARLY TREATING VARIOUS
OTHER SUBSTANCES," to be as follows:-
$
My said Invention relates to an efficient and simple machine for
hulling, cleaning, polishing, and grinding wheat, rice, and other grain,
nuts and berries of various kinds, and various other substances, and the
said Invention consists in the combination of series of concentric or

page_text: "
nearly concentric scouring or grinding surfaces, preferably either conical
or cylindrical, closed at the outer ends and arranged one within the other
in such a manner that there will be a clear passage from the centre to
the outside of the series, so that the grain fed into the centre of the
machine will pass therefrom through the entire series and be subject.ed
to the rubbing action of the several surfaces. The cutting, rubbing,
and scouring surfaces may be formed of wire gauze, wrought or cast
metal, plain or toothed, corrugated, or otherwise roughened. They may.
be made of stone, wood, india-rubber, emery and pumice stone, com-
bined or separate, or of other suitable material, and may be fitted with
brushes if required, according to the nature or condition of the grain,
seed, or other substances to be treated. The teeth or corrugations may
be formed parallel with the axis of the scouring surfaces, or may bo
inclined in such a direction as to produce a draught or endwise motion
of the grain or other material. I may have one series of the cylindrical
or other surfaces fixed on a rotating shaft or axis, and the other series
stationary, or I may have two or more series arranged to rotató in
different directions or at different velocitics. One or more of the series
of rubbing or scouring surfaces may have a to-and-fro cudwise motion,
and they may all have a common centre or may have two or more
centres. The two outer rings or cylinders may be arranged with a dis-
charge opening between them and extending entirely around them, or I
may have one or more discharge openings around the periphery or at
the sides of the outer cylinders. The discharge may be regulated so as to
retard or accelerate it as desired by valves or doors, or other suitable
contrivances.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Samuel Gardiner in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 25th May 1871.
no
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, SAMUEL 3
GARDINER, of Upper Lewisham Road, in the County of Kent, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-fifth day of November, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy, in the thirty- 3

page_text: fourth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said Samuel Gardiner, Her special licence
that I, the said Samuel Gardiner, my executors, administrators, and :
assigns, or such others as I, the said Samuel Gardiner, my exécutors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no.
others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the ferm
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and ·
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "AN IMPROVED
MACHINE FOR HULLING, CLEANING, POLISHING, AND GRINDING RICE, WHEAT,
AND OTHER GRAIN OR SEED, AND FOR SIMILARLY TREATING VARIOUS OTHER
SUBSTANCES," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said
Samuel Gardiner, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in
writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should
particularly describe and ascertain the nature of tho said Invention, and
in what manner the same was to bo performed, and cause the same to
bo filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next
and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Samuel Gardiner, do hereby declaro
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is
to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement, referenco being had to the accompanying
Drawing forming a part of this Specification :-
My said Invention relates to an efficient and simple machine for
hulling, cleaning, polishing, and grinding wheat, rice, and other grain,
nuts and berries of various kinds, and other substances; and the said
Invention consists in the combination of series of concentric or nearly
concentric scouring or grinding surfaces, preferably either conical or
cylindrical, closed at the outer ends, and arranged one within the other
in such a manner that there will be a clear passage from the centre to
the outside of the series, so that the grain fed into the centre of the
machine will pass therefrom through the entire series, and be subjected
to the action of the several surfaces.. The cutting, rubbing, scouring,
or grinding surfaces may be formed of wire gauze, wrought or cast metal,
plain or toothed, corrugated, or otherwise roughened. They may bo of
stone, wood, india-rubber, emery and pumice stone, combined or separate,
or of other suitable material, and may be fitted with brushes, if required,
according to the nature or condition of the grain, seed, or other
i

page_text: substances to be treated. The teeth or corrugations may be formed
parallel with the axis of the scouring surfaces, or may be inclined in
such a direction as to produce a draught or endwise motion of the grain
or other material. I may have one series of the cylindrical or other
surfaces fixed on a rotating shaft or axis and another series stationary,
or I may have two or more series arranged to rotate in different directions
or at different velocities. One or more of the series of rubbing or
scouring surfaces may have a to-and-fro endwise motion, and they may
all have a common centre or may have two or more centres. The two
outer rings or cylinders may be arranged with a discharge opening:
between them and extending entirely around them; or I may make one
or more discharge apertures around the periphery or at the sides of the
outer cylinder. The discharge aperture may be regulated so as to retard
or accelerate the delivery as desired by valves, doors, or other suitable
contrivances.
The accompanying Drawing illustrates some of the forms in which
my said Invention may be carried into practice, but I wish it understood
that although these forms of the said machine are those which I consider
the most convenient and efficient for the general purposes of my
Invention, yet I may vary the construction and arrangement of the
parts of the machine in many ways without departing from the principle
of the said Invention as herein set forth.
Figure 1 is a side clevation of a machine embodying my Invention,
in which the rotating rubbing or scouring surfaces are arranged to rotato
on a horizontal shaft; Figure 2 is a vertical transverse section of the
same on the line x, x, Figure 1; Figures 3, 4, and 4 illustrato
modifications of the same hercin-after described; Figure 5 is a plan
showing tho said Invention with the rubbing or scouring surfaces
arranged to rotate on a vertical shaft; Figure 6 is a vertical section of
the same on the line y, y, Figure 5; Figure 7 illustrates a modification
of my Invention wherein the rubbing or scouring surfaces are arranged.
spirally around a rotating shaft.
I will first more particularly describo the arrangement of parts
illustrated in Figures 1 and 2, but the same letters of reference refer to
corresponding parts in all of the Figures.
a, a, are standards or side frames which are provided with suitablo
bearings a¹ for supporting a horizontal shaft b. On this shaft are sup-
ported the discs c, d, the disc c being fast, and the disc & loose on the.

page_text: .
said shaft, that is to say, the disc c is made to rotate with the said shaft,.
although it may have an endwise movement or adjustment thereon,
while the disc d is entirely independent of the movements of the said
shaft. This shaft is provided with fast and loose pulleys e, e¹, which
are connected by a suitable belt with a steam engine or other source of
power. On these discs I cast or otherwise form or fix the rings or.
annular portions c³, c, d, d³, and by reference to Figure 2 it will
be clearly seen that these rings form two series of concentric drums,
fitting and opening one into the other and closed at their outer ends by
the discs to prevent the egress of the grain or other substance treated,
but which however may be provided with openings covered with
perforated metal or wire gauze to allow the escape of bran, dust, and
other refuse, and to admit air when required. The surfaces of tho
rings c, d, may be fluted, ribbed, corrugated, or otherwise roughened
to form the rubbing, scouring, grinding or polishing surfaces; or I may.
attach thereto roughened or toothed blocks, plates, or segments, or I
may form the rubbing or scouring surface of bars or blades of steel
or other metal, of wire gauze or woven wire, perforated metal, or any
other suitable material, as herein-before stated. In Figure 2 I have
shown the central portion of the machine provided with a stone do, which
furnishes a good surface and fills up the space immediately surrounding
the shaft, thereby preventing the useless accumulation of the grain or
other substance in this space. If desired, however, I may obtain the
same result by closing the end of the inner drum, or I may leave the space
open. The inner or smaller rings c³, d³, are shown cast upon the discs,
and with teeth or corrugations formed on their inner and outer surfaces,.
while the outer rings are formed of woven wire and are. secured to the-
flanges c, d, on the discs. But this arrangement although it may bo'
found convenient for many kinds of grain is not by any means essential,‹
although it is desirable that the outside ring or portions of it or some
portions of the discs should be made of woven wire or perforated metal-
to facilitate the escape of the bran, dust, and other refuse..
.
In the machine shown in Figures 1 and 2 both series of drums are
made to revolve. As before stated the drums on the disc c revolve with
the shaft b, while the other set of drums is loose thereon, and this latter
series of drums is provided with a separate driving pulley d", whereby it
is rotated independently of the other set of drums. The continuous feed
and delivery which form a characteristic feature of my Invention in
this case are preferably effected by the arrangement of parts shown,

page_text: that is to say, on the outside of the disc d and within the pulley d' I
secure the conical ring f. Inside this ring the feed apertures 7 are
formed through the disc. The end of the inlet spout of the hopper h
is introduced into this conical ring, and as the drums rotate the grain or
seed falling through the said spout into the ring passes therefrom through
the apertures into the space surrounding the stone, thence by the
rotation of the drums it is caused to pass outward through the spaces as
indicated by the arrows between the rubbing or scouring surfaces, being
subjected during the entire passage to the action of the same till it
reaches the outlet aperture i between the two outer rings, from which it
is thrown and delivered into any suitable receptacle. As this aperture
extends entirely around the machine it is obvious that a very free
delivery may be obtained so that the grain or seed will not be kept in
the machine for a longer time than is necessary to make its passago
from the centre to the periphery, while on the other hand, if desired, by
adjusting the two discs more closely together the said aperture may be
contracted to any extent or completely closed, the delivery being thereby
retarded or stopped so that the grain or seed may be retained in the
machine for any desired length of time. The adjustment of the disc to
open or close the delivery aperture may be effected by means of a lever
applied to the double collar j on the disc c, the said disc being made to
slide on a long key or feather on the shaft.
I may make use of the same arrangement to produce the endwisc
reciprocating motion of the disc so that the rubbing or scouring surfaces
shall have both a rotating and a reciprocating motion. The said lever
may be operated by a cam formed or fixed on the disc or by any other
convenient mechanism which will give the required motion thereto. By
this means I obtain an additional rubbing, scouring, or grinding action,
which will be found very advantageous in treating somo kinds of grain or
other materials.
In the modification of my Invention illustrated in Figure 3 the discs
c, d; are shown inclined towards cach other. By this construction I
diminish the width of the annular spaces between the rubbing surfaces
in proportion as they increase in diameter; I thereby render these
spaces equal or nearly equal in area so that the grain is equally confined
and acted upon in all of the spaces instead of becoming less dense and
consequently subjected to a diminished rubbing action as it passes
towards the delivery.

page_text: In Figure 4 I have shown a convenient means of effecting the adjust-
ment of the rubbing, scouring, or grinding surfaces nearer to or farther
from cach other; whereby any one machine may be conveniently adapted.
to different kinds or qualities of grain or other materials. For this purpose
I make the said surfaces conical or taper as shown, so that by setting the
discs nearer to or farther from each other the spaces between the rubbing
surfaces will be diminished or increased. This adjustment may be
effected by means of a clutch lever applied to the double, collar j and
provided with a screw or other contrivance to secure or lock it in any
required position. I have also shown in this Figure openings ? through
the discs between the rubbing surfaces to admit air between them, and I
perforato portions of the said surfaces, or provide the same with wire
gauze. By this means I create a draught or current of air whereby the.
machine is kept cool, and furthermore I provide a means of escape for
the bran and other refuse. In Figure 4a I have shown the conical
surfaces arranged around. a vertical shaft band formed with steps or
shoulders which accelerate the rubbing or scouring action of the said
'surfaces.
i
In Figures 5 and 6 the drums are placed upon a vertical shaft b, but
the construction and arrangement of the parts are substantially the säme
as in Figures 1 and 2, the upper disc being inclined for the purpose
explained in reference to Figure 3.
In Figure 7 I have shown a section of a drum consisting of a series of
surfaces arranged in a spiral or volute form around a central shaft. b.
This drum is closed at both ends; the grain or seed is fed in at
the centre, and by centrifugal force engendered by the rotation of
the drum is caused to. pass outward and around the spiral surfaces
till it reaches the outer space, from which it is delivered through the
aperture k.
Instead of fixing the rubbing or scouring surfaces upon discs as shown
I may have them fixed upon arms secured or supported upon the shaft, and
instead of having a single shaft extending through the two series of
drums or rubbing surfaces I may have two shafts and fix one set of
drums on each shaft.
I may also construct the machine with any desired number of the
rubbing or scouring surfaces. In some cases I may find it advantageous
to employ only two of such surfaces, or in other words may have two
drums, one within the other, while in other cases I may use a great

page_text: number, but in all cases the surfaces must be so arranged that the grain
or seed will pass continuously from the feed aperture between the said
surfaces to the delivery aperture.
Having thus fully described the said Invention and shown how the
same may be conveniently and advantageously carried into practice, I
wish it understood that I claim,―
First. The series of rubbing, scouring, or grinding surfaces arranged
and combined to operate together as herein set forth for the purposes
specified.
Second. The two series of cylindrical or conical rotating rings or
drums fixed on discs or arms, and arranged together in such a manner
that they fit and open into cach other while their outer ends are closed,
and there is a continuous passage for the grain or other material between
them from the feed to the delivery aperture, substantially as described
for the purpose specified.
Third. The aforesaid drums provided with mechanism whereby they
have imparted to them both a rotating and endwise reciprocating motion
for the purposes set forth.
Fourth. The arrangement of parts for effecting a continuous feed and
delivery of the grain or seed from the centre to the periphery of the 2
series of rotating surfaces and for regulating the delivery from the same,
substantially as specified.
In witness whereof, I, the said Samuel Gardiner, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Twenty-fourth day of May, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-one..
Witness,
W. ROB. LAKE.
SAM GARDINER.. (L.S.)