MENTS IN OIL LAMPS."
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Albert Marcius Silber at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 1st July 1879.
ALBERT MARCIUS SILBER, of Wood Street, in the City of London.
MENTS IN OIL LAMPS."
** IMPROVE
My Invention relates to oil lamps, the object of my improvements being to
provide in such lamps a uniform and luminous flame, to provide ready means of
adjusting, cleaning, and repairing the wick holder, and means of protecting the
flame from currents of air. I will describe my improvements as applied to a lamp
of the duplex kind having two flat wicks side by side with an air space between
them. I provide around the wick tubes an air cone of the usual shape externally,
but having the rectangular slots forming the air orifices at the top shortened so as
to permit little or no air to pass at each end of the wick, and widened so as to
permit a free flow of air on each side of the wick. Within the cone I fix an air
restrictor made of wire gauze domed upwards, so that the air passages through its
perforations are brought as close as possible up to the point of combustion. It is
also of advantage to fix another air restrictor of inverted conoidal shape near the
base of the air cone, so as to diffuse the current of air that enters the cone before it
rises to the air restrictor first mentioned. The wick tubes are preferably provided
with a double capillary wick of known form and arrangement to assist the action
of the consuming wicks; and it is of advantage also to fit the wick tubes with slides or
shutters of known kind to act as extinguishers. Although I havo described my
improvements as applied to a duplex lamp, they are also applicable to lamps having
single wicks.
In lamps as ordinarily constructed the annular space in which the wick is held
forms part of the lamp, so that when it becomes dirty or corroded, it cannot be
conveniently cleaned nor replaced without taking the lamp to pieces. One of my
present improvements consists in applying a lining cradle or inner wick cavity
which is removeable, so that it can readily be taken out and cleaned or repaired.
The cradle which I employ for this purpose is of anuular form to contain the wick,
its inner and outer walls and bottom being perforated with numerous holes, so as

page_text: to give free access for oil to the wick placed within it. Its inner wall is made with
a lip to overhang and protect the top of the internal air tube of the lamp, and its
outer wall also has an overhanging lip surmounted by the usual air deflecting cone
with apertures under it for access of air. This cradle containing the wick is simply
dropped into the ordinary wick cavity, resting by either its inner or its outer lip on 5
the walls thereof, and it can be at once lifted out and removed to be cleaned or
repaired, or for the purpose of trimming or replacing the wick. Sometimes I rest
the cradle by pins fitting in chases made like the notch of a bayonet catch, so that
by turning the cradle partly round it can descend sufficiently far to bring the top
of the wick into the oil, whereby the flame is extinguished. For lamps exposed to 1
currents of air which are usually enclosed within a glass basin, I provide an
inverted covering basin which may be of glass, or may be a reflector, the junction
of the edges of the two basins being made with a rim of perforated metal provided
with an external wind guard, so that air can enter the cavity of the basin to supply
the flame, but in broken and subdivided streams. Through the upper basin there I
is a chimney tube to carry off the products of combustion, this tube extending
upwards a little way and terminating at the top with a lip turned inwards, which
prevents passing currents of air from affecting the flame within the cavity of the
lamp.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by the
said Albert Marcius Silber in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 31st
December 1879.
ALBERT MARCIUS SILBER, of Wood Street, in the City of London. "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN OIL LAMPS."
My Invention relates to oil lamps, the object of my improvements being to
provide in such lamps a uniform and luminous flame, and to provide ready means
of adjusting, cleaning, and repairing the wick holder. I will describe my improve-
ments as applied to a lamp of the duplex kind, having two flat wicks side by
side with an air space between them. I provide around the wick tubes an air
cone of the usual shape externally, but having the rectangular slots forming the
air orifices at the top shortened, so as to permit little or no air to pass at each
end of the wick, and widened so as to permit a free flow of air on each side of the
wick. Within the cone I fix an air restrictor made of wire gauze domed upwards,
so that the air passages through its perforations are brought as close as possible
up to the point of combustion. It is also of advantage to fix another air restrictor
of inverted conoidal shape near the base of the air cone, so as to diffuse the
current of air that enters the cone before it rises to the air restrictor first men-
tioned. The wick tubes are preferably provided with a double capillary wick of
known form and arrangement to assist the action of the consuming wicks, and it is
of advantage also to fit the wick tubes with slides or shutters of known kind to act
as extinguishers. Although I have described my improvements as applied to a
duplex lamp, they are also applicable to lamps having one, three, or more wicks.
In lamps as ordinarily constructed the annular space in which the wick is held
forms part of the lamp, so that when it becomes dirty or corroded, it cannot be
conveniently cleaned nor replaced without taking the lamp to pieces. One of my
present improvements consists in applying a lining cradle or inner wick cavity
which is removeable, so that it can readily be taken out and cleaned or repaired.
The cradle which I employ for this purpose is of annular form to contain the wick,
its inner and outer walls and bottom being perforated with numerous holes, so as to
give free access for oil to the wick placed within it. Its inner wall is made with a
lip to overhang and protect the top of the internal air tube of the lamp, and its
outer wall also has an overhanging lip surmounted by the usual air deflecting cone
with apertures under it for access of air. This cradle containing the wick is
simply dropped into the ordinary wick cavity, resting by either its inner or its
outer lip on the walls thereof, and it can be at once lifted out and removed to
be cleaned or repaired, or for the purpose of trimming or replacing the wick.
Sometimes I rest the cradle by pins fitting in chases made like the notch of a
bayonet catch, so that by turning the cradle partly round it can descend
sufficiently far to bring the top of the wick into the oil, whereby the flame is
extinguished.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.

page_text: before it rises to the upper restrictor D. Although I have shewn in these Figures
my improvements applied to a duplex burner, it may be readily understood that a
similar arrangement of air restrictors, and a like proportioning of the wick orifice
through the cone, is applicable to a single wick burner, or to burners with three or
more wicks.
Fig. 3 is a section of the argand wick tube of a lamp with a lining cradle or
inner wick cavity according to my Invention, this cradle being shewn separately
raised out of its place at Fig. 4. It consists of two pieces of tube, the one within
the other, with an annular space between to hold the wick. The tubes have
numerous openings through their sides so as to give free passage for the oil to the
wick. As shown in Figs 3 and 4, the tubes constituting the wick cradle have
respectively inner and outer projecting lips, the inner lip projecting over the top of
the central air tube, and the outer lip resting on the top of the outer tubo of the
wick chamber. When it is desired to make the cradle suitable for descending into
the oil chamber for the purpose of extinguishing the light, these lips are dispensed
with, and the cradle is held up by two or more studs projecting from its outer top
edge resting on the top edge of the outer tube of the wick chamber, as shewn in
plan at Fig, 5, where the cradle is supported by three studs F. I provide in the
outer tube of the wick chamber a corresponding number of vertical grooves or
chases, so that when the cradle is turned partly round and the studs F are
brought immediately over the chases f, the cradle and the wick which it contains
can descend into the oil in the wick chamber, thereby causing extinction of the
flame.
Having thus described the nature of my Invention and in what manner the
same is to be performed, I claim,―
First. Constructing the air cone for a flat wick burner with its wick aperture
widened and shortened, and with two internal air restrictors, the upper one domed
upwards, and the lower one coned downwards, substantially as and for the
purposes herein set forth.
Second. The use in lamps of a removeable wick cradle, substantially as herein
described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Albert Marcius Silber, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Thirtieth day of December, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and seventy nine.
A A SILDED
01