A NEW OR IMPROVED 23 MACHINE FOR CUTTING AND FINISHING THE ENDS OF STUDS AND BOUTS
Year: 1874

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James Nelson, of Sunderland, in the County of
Durham, Engineer, for the Invention of "A NEW OR IMPROVED
23
MACHINE FOR CUTTING AND FINISHING THE ENDS OF STUDS AND BOUTS,
23
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James Nelson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
3rd September 1874.
I, JAMES NELSON, of Sunderland, in the County of Durham, Engineer,
› do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "A NEW OR
IMPROVED MACHINE FOR CUTTING AND FINISHING THE ENDS OF STUDS AND BOLTS,"
to be as follows:-
-
The machine which forms the subject of the present Invention is
intended for cutting and finishing the ends of studs and bolts, more
particularly when in their places, but it may also be used to cut and
finish their ends before they are put into place. It is composed, firstly,
of a body which has an internal screw or a nut at its lower end, by

page_text: which the machine is screwed on to and fastened to the screwed stud or
bolt end, which has to be cut or finished, or the machine may be fastened
by a clamp to the screwed part or to the part below the screwed part of
the stud. Above this internal screw or nut the body is cylindrically
hollow, and has holes through its sides for the purpose of allowing
lubricants to be injected and the cuttings of the stud or bolt end to be
removed. Within this cylindrical part of the body a spindle is free to
be rotated. In the lower end of this spindle a cutter or knife is fixed,
shaped on its cutting edge according to the shape required to be given
to the stud or bolt. On the top of the spindle a suitable wrench or
handle, or ratchet or brace handle is placed, by which the spindle and
cutter are made to revolve.
By any suitable self-acting feed gear, such as a screw-threaded gland
made to rotate intermittently in the body of the machine, or self-acting
feed gear, such as is used in boring, drilling, or other self-acting
machinery, the spindle and cutter are made to advance slowly as they
revolve until the cut is completed and the stud or bolt end cut as short
as and to the shape required, when the feed is stopped and a few turns
given to the cutter to finish off the work bright and smooth.
The stud or bolt ends may by this machine be finished in their places
to the required length and shape much better and in very much less
time than they can be chipped and filed by hand, and thus much skilled
labor in the manufacture of engines and other machinery and con-
structions is saved.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said James Nelson in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 3rd March 1875.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JAMES
NELSON, of Sunderland, in the County of Durham, Engineer, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Third day of September, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-four, in the thirty-eighth

page_text: year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and
grant unto me, the said James Nelson, Her special licence that I,
the said James Nelson, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or
such others as I, the said James Nelson, my executors, adminis-.
trators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from
time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein
expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend,
within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "A NEW OR IMPROVED
MACHINE FOR CUTTING AND FINISHING THE ENDS OF STUDS AND BOLTS," upon
the condition (amongst others) that I, the said James Nelson, my
executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my,
or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe
and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the
same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great
Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately
after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said James Nelson, do hereby declaro
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement thereof, reference being had to the accompanying
Drawings, that is to say :-
The machine which forms the subject of this Invention is intended
for cutting and finishing the ends of studs and bolts, more particularly
when in their places, but it may also be used to cut and finish their ends
before they are put into place. It is composed, firstly, of a body which
has an internal screw or nut at its lower end, by which the machine is
screwed on to and fastened to the screwed stud or bolt end which has to
be cut or finished, or the machine may be fastened by a clamp to the
screwed stud. Above this internal screw or nut the body is cylindrically
hollow, and has holes through its side for the purpose of allowing
lubricants to be injected and the cuttings of the stud or bolt end to be
removed. Within this cylindrical part of the body a spindle is free to
be rotated. In the lower end of this spindle a cutter or knife is fixed,
shaped on its cutting edge according to the shape required to be given
to the stud or bolt end. On the top of the spindle a suitable wrench or
handle or ratchet handle is placed, by which the spindle and cutter are
made to revolve.

page_text: By any suitable self-acting feed gear, such as that herein-after
described, or by self-acting feed gear, such as is used in boring, drilling,
or other self-acting machinery, the spindle and cutter are made to
advance slowly as they revolve until the cut is completed and the stud
or bolt end cut as short as and to the shape required, when the feed is
stopped and a few turns are given to the cutter to finish off the work
bright and smooth.

page_text: is fixed in the spindle so that the cutting edge is exactly in the centre
of the spindle, as seen in Figures 8 and 9. I is a handle on the top of
the spindle G by which the spindle and cutter are rotated..
It will be readily understood that by rotating the handle and giving
slow feed to the cutter the end of the stud will be cut as required.
Any ordinary and suitable self-acting feed gear may, as before stated, be
employed for this purpose. That shewn in the Drawings, and which I
now proceed to describe, will be found to answer well. In the upper
end of the body D, which is screw-threaded for the purpose, I screw a
sort of gland K, upon the top of which the handle I rests, or a bush K¹
may be interposed to receive the friction. The upper part of the gland
is formed on its periphery with teeth L, the points of which are slightly
within a flange M on the body D. At one portion of this flange M is
an inclined recess N. On the under side of the handle I is a box O.
In this box are a slide P and a spring Q, which spring has a tendency
to force the said slide outwards so as to cause a paul or catch R on the
slide to enter the teeth L. The flange M of the body however keeps the
paul back out of the teeth; but once in every revolution of the handle I
the paul comes opposite the recess N of the flange, and being then no
longor kept back is allowed to enter between two of the teeth L and to
move the gland K the distance of one tooth before the incline of the
said recess by acting against the paul again compels it to recede. Sup-
posing there are 22 of the teeth L, twenty-two revolutions of the handle.
will impart one revolution to the gland K. The gland K is thus screwed
gradually further into the body A, and the handle I, with the spindle G
and cutter H, are therefore gradually advanced. It will be understood
that at the commencement of the operation the flange of the gland K
must not be in contact with the flange M of the body D, and that when
it reaches the flange M the feed cannot proceed further. To allow of a
few finishing turns being given to the cutter after the feed has stopped
I mount a lever or arm S excentrically on a back prolongation of the
slide P in such manner that by lifting this lever from the position shewn
in dotted lines (Figure 1) to that shewn in full lines the paul R of the
slide is drawn clear of the teeth L.
By means of my machine stud or bolt ends may be finished in their
places to the required length and shape much better and in very much
less time than they can be chipped and filed by hand, and thus much

page_text: skilled labor in the manufacture of engines and other machinery and
constructions is saved.
And having now described the nature of my said Invention and in
what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that I claim, the
portable machine constructed and operating substantially as herein-
before described and represented in the annexed Drawings for cutting
and finishing the ends of studs and bolts.
In witness whereof, I, the said James Nelson, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this First day of March, One thousand eight
hundred and coranty five