Improvements in Means for Transporting Bricks and the like.
Year: 1898

page_text: Date of Application, 16th Nov., 1898
Complete Specification Left, 16th Aug., 1899-Accepted, 14th Oct., 1899
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Means for Transporting Bricks and the like.
We, MAX VILLARET, of Witaszyce, in the Province of Posen, in the Kingdom
of Prussia, German Empire, Manager, and JOHANN BAPTIST WAHLEN, of 6, Seyen-
gasse, Cologne, in the Province of the Rhine, in the Kingdom of Prussia, German
Empire, Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:
Our invention relates to transporting cars employed for forwarding bricks
from the drying room to the kiln or from the press to the drying-room. Our
object is to make it possible to drive such cars through low door-ways such as
occur in brick-kilns. We attain this object by supporting the main-frame of
the car on a horizontal axle on which it is adapted to turn in such a manner that
it can be changed from the usual vertical position into a horizontal one, means
being provided for preventing the bricks from falling off when the main-frame
is overturned.
Our object is further, to facilitate loading and unloading. For this purpose
we provide turnable arms for carrying the drying-boards on which the bricks
are placed, thus allowing the said drying-boards to be easily seized from, and
easily deposed upon their bearing-laths in the drying-room respectively. We
prefer to arrange the turnable arma in such a manner that they are raised or
lowered one after another respectively for reducing the weight of the bricks to be
moved at the same time, and we further prefer to provide means for lowering
the whole car when the bricks are loaded upon same so that the upper shelves
of the car may be easily reached by the workman.
In the accompanying drawings different constructions of transporting cars
aro represented.
Fig. 1 Sheet 1 is a vertical section of the transporting car,
Fig. 3 is a vertical section of the car in another position,
Fig. 2 is a horizontal section of the car on line A-B of Fig. 1.
Fig. 4 Sheet 2 is a vertical section of a modified car in connection with a
device for lowering the same.
Fig. 5 is another section on line C-D of Fig. 4.
Fig. 6 is a sectional view, in a raised position, of weighting device of Fig. 5.
Fig. 7 Sheet 4 represents another position of the same.
Fig. 8 Sheet 3 is a vertical section of a modified lowering device.
Fig. 9 is a vertical section of the same in another position.
Fig. 10 Sheet 4 is a vertical section of a third modification of the transporting
car.
The transporting cars represented in Fig. 1, 2 and 3 are constructed as follows:
The usually horizontal arms a forming the different shelves of the car, and
which are turnable, are attached to the rails and are also pivotally secured on
the angle-irons 6 which are used for carrying the drying boards. In Fig. 1 the
uppermost shelf is shown filled with bricks, while all the other shelves are repro-
sented empty for the sake of clearness. The rails are fastened securely to the
גל

page_text: angle-irons which with the help of the axle f, are set reversibly on the stand-
ards . The standards are erected on a car supplied with wheels, that is,
the whole frame which supports the shelves a, is reversible in a vertical plane
round the axle f, so that this part can take either a vertical or horizontal posi-
tion according to necessity.
If the frame is in a horizontal position (Fig. 3) it is considerably lower than
in its vertical position, and therefore adaptable for passing through low door-
ways. Now, as has been already mentioned, it might be feared that the drying
boards and the bricks on them would fall over after the reversing of the frame,
especially in driving over rough rails and switches, if the carrying shelves were
to keep their rectangular position to the main-frame, and so after the reversing
of the latter were to become perpendicular. It is therefore advisable to be able
to put these shelves in a slanting position. In the drawing it is shown how on
the same car this slanting position can be brought about by help of an arrange-
ment worked by hand as well as by an arrangement worked automatically.
About the first, that is the arrangement worked by hand, the following must
be mentioned.
Two shelves a forming one of the middle-shelves and which are placed at the
same height are elongated towards the back and the projecting ends n¹ are con-
nected by a crosspiece o¹. To this crosspiece of the levers m² are movably
fastened which on the other hand are joined to the hand-levers g, which revolve
loosely round the axle f. It is evident that if the hand levers 9 are turned all
the arms a turn also, as the latter are connected by the rails, and thus they
all turn round their centres of motion on the angle-irons. While the drying-
boards with the bricks are being placed on the shelves formed by the arms a
the latter must of course not change their horizontal position, wherefore the
cross-bar joining the hand-levers g is provided, which grips under the catch of
the levers which are joined at t to the angle-irons h of the car. Thus the hand
levers g are prevented from swinging upwards, and at the same time the arms a
are not permitted to sink. Should however the main-frame be turned over in its
horizontal position, after loosing the catches of levers and lifting the hand
levers g, one can occasion such a slanting position of the arms a³, that the latter
prevent the drying boards from falling over, as can be seen in Fig. 3.
The
workman can prevent the shelves from slanting too suddenly by help of the hand-
levers g, and it is evident that an excessive slanting is already prevented by the
whole system of lovers not having sufficient play. This could also be prevented
by special devices. The frame having resumed its vertical position the cross-
bar springs back again of its own accord under the catches of the levers i¹, and
keeps the shelves in their horizontal position.
The reversing of the main-frame itself occurs in the direction shown by the
arrow in Fig. 1. To set this in work one presses or trads on the free arm of the
lever pivoted at w, which, generally by means of its catch, grips, behind the
cross pieces s and prevents the main-frame from overturning, while the cross-
bar y connecting the girders c of the frame at the top serves as a handle in
turning the frame over. After the horizontal position is taken, the cross-
girder a likewise attached to the girders c rests on a corresponding crosspiece z¹,
which connects the rails h.
To bring about the slanting position of the arms ² automatically in reversing
the main-frame, this method of reversing itself can be used, if one does not wish
to make use of the above described arrangement worked by hand. For this
purpose guiding forks p₁ are rigidly attached to the standards ¹, which work
in combination with the rod g guided by the same. The latter connects the
angle-irons. Now, if the frame which carries the shelves formed by the arms a
is reversed and thus swings round the axle f, the rod q in the forks p² rises, and
is at the same time forced to move sideways, so that the angle-irons bª also
receive a side movement. But as the rails, which bear the end centres of
motion of the arms a³ are rigidly attached to the girders c, a swinging of the

page_text: arms a in the opposite sense to that of a watch hand results, (if one has Fig. 1
and 3 in view). The shelves then take up the position shown in Fig. 2 which
prevents a spontaneous turning over or falling off of the bricks. An excessive
sloping of the arms a under pressure of the bricks cannot take place, because
the forks pl prevent this also.
The reversed position of the frame has still the further advantage, that it is
possible to take off the bricks conveniently. If one proceeds in such a way that
(referring to Fig. 2) the bricks are taken off from right to left, the arrangement
finally swings back automatically to the vertical position on account of the over
balance coming from the left side.
"
The loading of the drying boards with bricks onto the cars took place hitherto
in larger brick works by means of a perpendicular loading frame, on which the
empty drying boards were placed in several ledges one above the other; so that
the bricks coming from the press could be deposited on these drying. boards.
These drying-boards with the bricks laid upon them were' then delivered from the
loading frame on to the shelves of the transporting car and while the transport-
ing car was in the drying room the loading frame was filled with fresh bricks,
so that the returning car could immediately take them up again.
Now a further improvement aims at making the immediate loading of the
transporting car possible, that is, without the intermediate means of the loading
frame, in which consideration must be taken that the car can hold as many bricks
as possible that is, has as many shelves as possible, and that in spite of that the
different shelves can be easily reached in loading the bricks. For this purpose
the frame of the transporting car carrying the shelves is generally obliquely
inclined, in such a way that the upper shelves stand back behind the lower ones.
In this position the loading of the lower shelves is easily effected. Now, for
causing the upper shelves, after the loading of the lower ones, to advance and also
at the same time to sink, the car is pushed onto a bridge, which is adapted to
oscillate on a horizontal axle, and in the continuing of the loading sinks more and
more at that part which supports the car, so that the shelves in turn reach a suit-
able position for loading.
In Fig. 4 the car with the bridge serving as lowering device is shown in that
position which it takes when loading is to be begun. Fig. 7 shows a correspond-
ing back view. The frame & carrying the shelves a¹ ia fastened to the car in a
manner described later on. It has a slanting position, so that the lower shelves
may stand further out, and at the same time the advantage is obtained that the
lowest shelf can be placed underneath the axle of the car, which if the frame is
perpendicular is of course impossible. This advantage is of importance since
in the absence of a loading frame it is especially necessary to be able to put on as
many bricks as possible. The car is driven, in the direction shown by the arrow 1,
onto the bridge 9', which is adapted to turn on the axle f¹, whereby, after its
fore-axle has moved over the lever h¹, it is connected by the latter with the
bridge g¹, because the catch of lever h¹ lays itself over the fore-axle-tree. The
lever is prevented from swinging in the contrary direction to that pointed
out by arrow 2 by means of the piece 2 which is rigidly secured to the lower
arm of lever h¹ and is in contact with the axle-tree f¹ of the bridge. Through
this it is effected, that if the part of the bridge supporting the car sinks, the car
cannot roll off. The bridge is supplied with a counter-balance at the part not
occupied by the car, which consists of a case filled with sand, and is measured
in such a way, that it not only keeps the balance when the car is empty, but
also when the six lower shelves of the car are loaded with bricks. If the six lower
shelves are weighted by the loading of the bricks, the bridge g¹ tilts in such a
way that the part supporting the car sinks against the action of the counter
balance. In consequence of this the frame c by a simultaneous sinking takes
up a perpendicular position so that the three upper shelves swing forward and
occupy a lower position. Then these three upper shelves can be easily loaded.
This being effected, the workman attending to the car steps onto the free part

page_text: .
of the bridge g¹, and pulls the car in the direction of arrow 1 so that the bridge
swings back again to its horizontal position and the car can be taken to the dry-
ing arrangement in the direction shown. In employing this one counter-weight i¹
only we find that in transporting-cars of great size a too sudden tilting of the
bridge would take place, which might cause the bricks to fall off, and make the
attendance difficult, besides which, under certain circumstances the bridge would
not swing back by the single labour of the workman, because the workman would
then have to overcome the counter-pressure of the three loaded upper shelves.
In Fig. 5 and 6 a variable counter-balance is represented, which has the purpose
of putting aside the above mentioned disadvantage. Under the sand-case of
Fig. 4 several weights are placed which as the sand-case irises are taken up one
after the other, so that the counter-weight acting against the car during loading,
increases as the loading proceeds, and in this manner causes the bridge to tilt
by degrees. To economize space in the depth, these weights are arranged like a
telescope.
To the eye of the sand-case ¹ is connected a rod which with the sand-
case almost keeps the balance of the car during the loading of the six lowest
shelves. As soon as the loading of these latter has taken place the bridge tilts
up until the ring attached to the lower end of the rod grips the upper edge
of the first weight m³ upon which the bridge and the car on it come to a stand.
The lift is so measured that the car sinks about one shelf lower. The weight m
is just so heavy as to balance the loading of one shelf. When the seventh shelf
is also loaded the weight m² is raised till it strikes with its under edge against
the upper edge of the second weight m³ and the bridge with the car sinks one
shelf lower. After the loadng of the eighth shelf the weight m³ is held fast by
the hollow cylinder m' secured to the bottom.
Afterwards when the workman steps onto the free part of the bridge he has
only to overcome by the weight of his body the counter-weight of the last lot of
bricks which is always possible. As a further safeguard against collision in the
case of the gradual tilting, springs may be inserted between the several weights.
The entire system also of the weights following one upon another can be arranged
to the roof, if the bridge is connected with the weights by a suitable transmission
of chains or ropes.
The frame like that shown in Fig. 1, 2 and 3 is reversible for the same
object, to make it possible to pass through low openings in a horizontal position.
For this purpose the frame sita loosely on a horizontal axle ground which it
can be turned until with its top end it lies upon some fixed part of the car. The
means for keeping the same fast in this position are not illustrated. In its usual
slanting position the car is held fast in the one direction by the cross-bar and
in the other direction by the lever s' which can be set free by stepping on its free
end. The arms a are pivotally connected to the frame c¹ and strike with their
free ends against the bolts t, which are securely fastened to the movable bars ³ r²,
each of the latter being formed of two rails connected the one with the other by
the bolts respectively. The bars are connected with the frame-girders
and with the rods w by the levers u and ' respectively in such a manner that the
whole system forms a parallelogram.
On the frame c there is also placed a ratchet n² rigidly counccted with the
same, on which a pawl of the hand lever p² works in the well-known manner.
The latter is fastened firmly to the axle . The hand lever is connected with one
of the double bars 3 by a rod 9 which is pivotally attached to the latter. On the i
other side by means of a similar rod b and a short lever placed on the axle ³
the corresponding connection is established.
It will be understood that while the frame c¹ is stationary the arms a¹ can be
given a different inclination by turning the hand lever p³, which can be retained
according to necessity by placing the pawl of the lever on one of the openings
of the ratchet n³. Such an arrangement is necessary because in the tilting of the

page_text: is
bridge the frame c¹ itself assumes different inclinations. The hand lever
placed at the side because the workman attending to the car may not set foot
on the bridge during the unloading.
We have previously stated that the shelves a could be placed in different posi-
tions by turning the hand lever på but this only applies so long the lifting up of
the same can be effected under all circumstances by this turning of the hand-
lever, but not a sinking because the bolts t¹ only take the free ends of the
shelves a with them in their downward motion. If indeed the shelves a' are
loaded, they will always follow the upward motion of the bolts t, and conse-
quently in this case, their carrying parts will sink.
This arrangement is made because a setting in motion of the several shelves
independently of one another is necessary for the immediate loading of the car
without the help of a loading-frame, as the shelves a¹ are so numerous one above
the other, that if they maintained the same distance between them after the load-
ing, the bringing in of the bricks would be difficult. The not carrying portions
of the shelves a¹, with exception of the lowest, are connected with each other
by chains a³. If, now, the carrying parts of the two lowest arms a¹ are raised
by the hand, so also will all the shelves lying above be raised simultaneously
while the distance between the swinging ends of the second-lowest, and that of
the lowest shelf will increase. It therefore follows that the laying of the bricks
on the lowest shelf is done with greater ease. In case then that the second shelf
is loaded the second lowest arms a¹ will similarly be pressed back by the hand
without the upper shelves being influenced by it.
In the same way the loading will proceed and the result be obtained that the
shelves as they continually come forward to be loaded will have a sufficient space
between them suitable for putting in the bricks. Instead of the bridge tilting
and the car in consequence sinking, hoth the bridge and the car together can be
raised or lowered without losing their respective horizontal or vertical position.
In Figs. 8 and 9 such a contrivance is shown. Fig. 8 shows the same in a
normal position while Fig. 9 represents the same view in a completely lowered
position. The bridges are supported by two axles a and supplied with
two pulleys and respectively, which are placed between the rails f und g³.
The two axles are connected by means of a toothed bar h, gearing with a toothed
wheel, which together with a small toothed wheel 2 are placed on the axle *.
A toothed sector m5 which like lever n³ is keyed to the reversible axle o³ gears
with the small toothed wheel. Now the lever being moved the toothed
wheel, which together with a small toothed wheel are placed on the axle.
and the toothed wheel. Through this, according to the moving of the lever ³,
the toothed bar h³, and with it the bridge resting on the axles and is
either lowered or raised. Nevertheless to prevent a premature and automatic
sinking of the bridge in consequence of the loading, the same is counterbalanced
by means of the weights and . The first hangs on a chain which is led over
pulleys, and is attached to the axle ³, and serves the purpose of keeping the
bridge in its stationary position until the sixth shelf is loaded. The second
weight is supported by a lever which is securely connected with the axle, os and
helps the counterbalancing during the loading of the seventh, or eighth and
ninth shelves, in that it swings towards the side by the turning of the axle o³,
and in its manner counterbalances the power of the always increasing weight
through its continually improving position.
As the arms of the shelves are adapted to swing in a vertical plane, they can
be employed in the loading and unloading of the bricks. To effect the taking
hold of the bricks the shelves must next be lowered so that they can grip under
the drying boards, upon which, through the upward swinging of the shelves the
drying boards are taken off. In unloading the bricks it will be necessary by
reverse action to swing high the shelves which carry the drying boards, and then
to lower them again for the purpose of delivery.

page_text: For this purpose one can immediately use the arrangement shown in Fig. 1.
In this figure a drying board with bricks upon it is shown in the highest shelf a³
while the other drying boards are omitted for the sake of clearness, as above
mentioned. Now before the shelves can take up the position shown they must-
as before stated-be lowered so as to grip under the drying boards. If one wishes
to pass the car in for the purpose of taking over the drying boards from the
drying room, one presses on the handlever g to be able to set lever i free. The
handlever g is then moved upwards so far as to allow the shelves to sink sufficiently,
and to extend conveniently under the drying boards. Then when one has pulled
the car quite in so that the shelves are placed well under the drying boards one
presses the handlever g downwards, and in this manner, by means of the arms a³
swinging upwards, one takes the drving boards from their places, after which the
catch of the lever springs again of its own accord over the cross-bar . Thus
it is shown that the same arrangement which is used for making the shelves
slant, in reversing the frame, can also be used for the loading and unloading of
the bricks. But it can also be used for the loading and unloading in connection
with the automatic device for slanting the shelves, because it works quite inde-
pendently of the latter. Better than this is the arrangement shown in Fig. 10.
It is applied to a car according to Figs. 4 and 7, that is to say a car which has a
slanting frame, suitable for loading without a loading frame by help of a self
sinking bridge, the frame being further adapted to swing on a horizontal axle. On
the angle-irons 64 the arms as are pivoted which serve for taking away the drying
boards. These arms a forming the different shelves of the car are bent down
at their back-projections in such a way that a curve is formed at the angle, and
in the horizontal position of the arms the bent parts run parallel to the angle-
irons b. The rails which are furnished with rollers dat equal distances, are
arranged parallel to the rails 6, and are adapted to slide in top- and bottom-
guides. These distances are smaller than the distances of the arms a³ the one
from the other. The rails can be moved up and down by the handlever me
which swings freely round the axle of the car and is connected by the lever 3
with the rail e. It is evident that in consequence of the circumstance that the
distances between the rollers are smaller than those between the arms a³, in
pressing down the rails es by means of the handlever m", first the highest shelf
and then, after the stroke of the same is completed, the second, and then the
third etc. is moved until at last all the shelves are lifted up one after the other.
In order to prevent the upper shelves from swinging further after having com-
pleted their stroke the back parts of the arms as are, as previously mentioned,
bent in such a way that the parts hanging down run parallel to the angle-
irons 6, and also to the rails e. In consequence of this each roller d' will roll
past the bent down parts without effect as soon as it has passed the curve at the
angle of the elongated arms, and so has caused the required stroke of the corres-
ponding shelf. At the same time a possible sinking of the shelves a³, under
the weight of the bricks on them is prevented. The back parts of the lower arms
become shorter by degrees to prevent contact with the rollers destined for moving
the neighbouring arms. The explained process has the great advantage that the
workman need not lift the entire weight all at once, but at his ease take up tho
drying boards, singly from the drying frame.
This work is also particularly easy for this reason that the lifting up of a single
drying board filled with bricks is facilitated in so far, as the shelves a are not
lifted up perpendicularly but swing in a vertical plane, that is, each drying board is
taken hold of at the edge and then taken away. In the drawing it is granted that
the two highest shelves are already lifted up while the remaining are placed
in the lowest position.
The slanting position of the shelves in the reversing of the frame for passing
low door-ways is caused by the handlever m which after taking up all the drying
boards is held fast by the catch ƒ³, and in the reversing of the frame does not

page_text: move with it, and in consequence effects such a movement of the rails e³ that the
shelves a take up a slanting position.
Deted this 18th day of November 1898.
Improvements in Means for Transporting Bricks and the like,
We, MAX VILLARET, of Witaszyce, in the Province of Posen, in the Kingdom
of Prussia, German Empire, Manager, and JoANN BAPTIST WAHLEN, of 6, Seyen-
gasse, Cologne, in the Province of the Rhine, in the Kingdom of Prussia, German
Empire, Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of this invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement:-
Our invention relates to transporting cars employed for forwarding bricks from
the drying-room. Our object is to make it possible to drive such trucks through
low door-ways such as occur in brick-kilns. We obtain this object by supporting
the main-frame of the truck on a horizontal axle on which it is adapted to turn
in such a manner that it can be changed from the usual vertical position into
a horizontal one, means being provided for preventing the bricks from falling
off when the main-frame is overturned.
Our object is further, to facilitate loading and unloading. For this purpose
we provide turnable arms for carrying the drying-boards on which the bricks
are placed, thus allowing the said drying-boards to be easily seized from, and
easily deposed upon their bearing-laths in the drying-room respectively. We
prefer to arrange turnable arms in such a manner that they are raised or lowered
one after another respectively for reducing the weight of the bricks to be moved
at the same time, and we further prefer to provide means for lowering the whole
truck when the bricks are loaded upon same so that the upper shelves of the
truck may be easily reached by the workman.
In the drawings accompanying the Provisional Specification different con-
structions of transporting trucks are represented, of which:-
Fig. 1 Sheet 1 is a vertical section of the transporting-truck.
Fig. 2 is a horizontal section of the truck on the line A B of Fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is a vertical section of the truck in a second position.
Fig. 4 Sheet 2 is a vertical section of a modified truck in connection with a
device for lowering the same.
Fig. 5 is another section on line CI) of Fig. 4.
Fig. 7 Sheet 4 represents another position of the same.
Fig. 8 Sheet 3 is a vortical section of a modified lowering device.
Fig. 9 is a vertical section of the same in another position.
Fig. 10 Sheet 4 is a vertical section of a third modification of the transporting-
truck.
The transporting-trucks represented in Fig. 1, 2 and 3 are constructed as
follows:
The usually horizontal arms a forming the different shelves of the truck,
and which are turnable, are attached to the rails and are also pivotally secured
ou the angle-irons which are used for carrying the drying bonds. In Fig. 1
the upper most shelf is shown filled with bricks, while all the other shelves are
represented empty for the sake of clearness. The rails are fastened securely

page_text: to the angle-irons e which with the help of the axle f, are set reversibly on the
standards. The standards v¹ are crected on a truck supplied with wheels, that
is, the whole frame which supports the shelves a², is reversible in a vertical plane
round the axle f, so that this part can take either a vertical or horizontal
position according to necessity. If the frame is in a horizontal position (Fig. 3)
it is considerably lower than in its vertical position and therefore adaptable for
passing through low doorways. Now, as has been already mentioned, it might
be feared that the drying boards and the bricks on them would fall over after the
reversing of the frame, especially in driving over rough rails and switches, if
the carrying shelves were to keep their rectangular position to the main-frame,
and so after the reversing of the latter were to become perpendicular. It is
therefore advisable to be able to put these shelves in a slanting position. In
the drawing it is shown how on the same truck this slanting position can be.
brought about by help of an arrangement worked by hand as well as by an
arrangement working automatically. About the first, that is the arrangement
worked by hand, the following must be mentioned.
One pair of the horizontal arms a³ at or about the centre of the rails are
elongated towards the back and the projecting ends n² are connected by a cross-
piece o. To this crosspiece o¹ the levers m are movably fastened at one end
and at the other are joined to the hand-levers g, which revolve loosely round
the axle f. It is evident that if the hand levers y are turned all the arms a
turn also, as the latter are connected by the rails, and thus they all turn
round their centres of motion on the angle-irons 6. While the drying-boards
with the bricks are being placed on the shelves formed by the arms a the
latter must of course not change their horizontal position therefore the cross-
bark joining the hand-levers g provided, which grips under the catch of the
levers which are joined at t to the angle-irons of the truck. Thus the
hand-levers are prevented from swinging upwards, and at the same time the
arms a are not permitted to sink. Should however the main-frame be turned
over in its horizontal position, after loosening the catches of levers and lifting
the hand-levers g, one can occasion such a slanting position of the arms a³,
that the latter prevent the drying boards from falling over, as can be seen in
Fig. 3. The workman can prevent the shelves from slanting too suddenly by
help of the hand-levers g, and it is evident that an excessive slanting is already
prevented by the whole system of levers not having sufficient play. This could
also be prevented by special devices. The frame having resumed its vertical
position the crossbar k springs back again of its own accord under the catches of
the levers ¹, and keeps the shelves in their horizontal position.
The reversing of the main-frame itself occurs in the direction shown by the
arrow in Fig. 1. To set this in work one presses or treads on the free arm
of the lever pivoted at io, which, generally by means of its catch, grips behind
the cross pieces and prevents the main-frame from overturning, while the cross
bar y connecting the girders c of the frame at the top serves as a handle in
turning the frame over. After the horizontal position is taken, the oross-
girder ¹ likewise attached to the girders e rests on a corresponding crosspiece z¹,
which connects the rails h.
To bring about the slanting position of the arms a² automatically in reversing
the main-frame, this method of reversing itself can be used, if one does not
wish to make use of the above described arrangement worked by hand. For this
purpose guiding forks are rigidly attached to the standards, and work in
combination with the rod q¹ guided by the same. The latter connects the angle-
irons d. Now, if the frame which carries the shelves formed by the arms a²
is reversed and thus swings round the axle f, the rod q¹ in the forks p¹ rises,
and is at the same time forced to move sideways, so that the angle-irons also
receive a side movement. But the rails 62, which bear the end centres of motion
of the arms being rigidly attached to the girders e, a swinging of the arins a³
in the opposite sense to that of a watch hand results, (if one has Fig. 1 and 2 in

page_text: view.) The shelves then take up the position shown in Fig. 3 which prevents
a spontaneous turning over or falling off of the bricks. An excessive sloping of
the arms a under pressure of the bricks cannot take place, because the forks pl
prevent this also.
The reversed position of the frame has still the further advantage, that it is
possible to take off the bricks conveniently. If one proceeds in such a way
that (referring to Fig. 3) the bricks are taken off from right to left, the arrange
ment finally swings back automatically to the vertical position on account of
the over balance coming from the left side. The loading of the drying boards
with bricks onto the cars took place hitherto in larger brick works by means
of a perpendicular loading frame, on which the empty drying boards were
placed in several ledges one above the other, so that the bricks coming from the
press could be deposited on these drying boards. These drying-boards with
the bricks laid upon them were then delivered from the loading frame on to the
shelves, of the transporting truck and while the transporting truck was in the
drying room the loading frame was filled with fresh bricks, so that the returning
truck could immediately take them up again.
Now a further improvement aims at making the immediate loading of the
transporting truck possible, that is, without the intermediate means of the loading
frame, in which consideration must be taken that the truck can hold as many
bricks as possible that is, has as many shelves as possible, and that in spite of
that the different shelves can be easily reached in loading the bricks. For this
purpose the frame of the transporting truck carrying the shelves is generally
obliquely inclined, in such a way that the upper shelves stand back behind the
lower ones. In this position the loading of the lower shelves is easily effected.
Now, for causing the upper shelves, after the loading of the lower ones, to advance
and also at the same time to sink, the truck is pushed onto a bridge, which is
adapted to oscillate on a horizontal axle, and in the continuing of the loading
sinks more and more at that part which supports the truck, so that the shelves in
turn reach a suitable position for loading.
In Fig. 4 the truck with the bridge serving as lowering device is shown in
that position which it takes when loading is to begin. Fig. 7 shows a corre-
sponding back view. The frame c carrying the shelves a is fastened to the
truck in a manner described later on. It has a slanting position, so that the
lower shelves may stand further out, and at the same time the advantage is
obtained that the lowest shelf can be placed underneath the axle of the truck,
which if the frame is perpendicular, is of course impossible. This advantage is
of importance since in the absence of a loading frame it is especially necessary
to be able to put on as many bricks as possible. The truck is driven, in the
direction shown by the arrow 1, onto the bridge g', which is adapted to turn on
the axle f, whereby, after its fore-axle has moved over the lever h¹, it is con-
nected by the latter with the bridge g¹, because the catch of lever ¹lays itself
over the fore-axle-tree. The lever his prevented from swinging in the contrary
direction to that pointed out by arrow 2 by means of the piece y which is rigidly
secured to the lower arm of the lever h¹ and is in contact with the axle-tree 1
of the bridge. Through this it is effected, that if the part of the bridge sup-
porting the truck sinks, the truck cannot roll off. The bridge is supplied with
a counterbalance at the part not occupied by the truck, which consists of a
case filled with sand, and is measured in such a way, that it not only keeps the
balance when the truck is empty, but also when the six lower shelves of the
truck are loaded with bricks. If the six lower shelves are weighted by the
loading of the bricks, the bridge g₁ tilts in such a way, that the part supporting
the truck sinks against the action of the counter balance . In consequence of
this the frame c' by a simultaneous sinking takes up a perpendicular position so
that the three upper shelves swing forward and occupy a lower position. Then
these three upper shelves can be easily loaded. This being effected, the workman
attending to the truck steps onto the free part of the bridge g', and pulls the

page_text: car in the direction of arrow 1 so that the bridge swings back again to its
horizontal position and the truck can be taken to the drying arrangement in the
direction shown. In employing this one counter-weight
only, we find that
in transporting-trucks of great size a too sudden tilting of the bridge would
take place, which might cause the bricks to fall off, and make the attendance
difficult, besides, which, under certain circumstances the bridge would not swing
back by the single labour of a workman, because the workman would then
have to overcome the counter-pressure of the three loaded upper shelves. In
Fig. 5 and 6 a variable counter-balance is represented, which has the purpose of
putting aside the above mentioned disadvantage. Under the sand-case. ¹ of
Fig. 4 several weights are placed which as the sand-case rises are taken up
one after the other, so that the counter-weight acting against the truck during
loading, increases as the loading proceeds, and in this manner causes the bridge
to tilt by degrees. To economize space in the depth, these weights are arranged
like a telescope. To the eye of the sand-case is connected a rod k¹ which
with the sand-case almost keeps the balance of the truck during the loading of
the six lowest shelves. As soon as the loading of the latter has taken place, the
bridge tilts up until the ring z¹ attached to the lower end of the rod grips
the upper edge of the first weight m upon which the bridge and the truck
on it come to a stand. The lift is so measured that the truck sinks about one
shelf lower. The weight m² is just so heavy as to balance the loading of one
shelf. When the seventh shelf is also loaded the weight m³ is raised till it
strikes with its under edge against the upper edge of the second weight m³ and
the bridge with the truck sinks one shelf lower. After the loading of the
eighth shelf the weight m³ is held fast by the hollow cylinder m' secured to
the bottom.
Afterwards when the workman steps onto the frame part of the bridge he
has only to overcome by the weight of his body the counter-weight of the last
lot of bricks which is always possible. As a further safeguard against collision
in the case of the gradual tilting, springs may be inserted between the several
weights.
The entire system also of the weights following one upon another can be
arranged to reach the roof, if the bridge is connected with the weights by a
suitable transmission of chains or ropes.
The frame c', like that shown in Fig. 1, 2 and 3 is reversible for the same object,
to make it possible to pass through low openings in a horizontal position. For
this purpose the frame sits loosely on a horizontal axle g³ round which it can
be turned until with its top end it lies upon some fixed part of the truck. The
means for keeping the same fast in this position are not illustrated. In its usual
slanting position the truck is held fast in the one direction by the cross-bar
and in the other direction by the lever which can be set free by stepping
on its free end. The arms a are pivotally connected to the frame c and strike
with their free ends against the bolts, which are securely fastened to the
inovable bars, each of the latter being formed of two rails connected the
one with the other by the said bolts . The bars are connected with the frame-
girders and with the rods by the levers u and u¹ respectively in such a
manner that the whole system forms a parallelogram.
On the frame c¹ there is also placed a ratchet n rigidly connected with the
same, on which a pawl of the handlever p² works in the well-known manner.
The latter is fastened firmly to the axle 73. The hand lever is connected with
one of the double bars by a rod 63 which is pivotally attached to the latter.
On the other side by means of a similar rod 6 and a short lever placed on
the axle g the corresponding connection is established.
It will be understood that while the frame is stationary the arms a¹ can
be given a different inclination by turning the hand lever p which can be
retained according to necessity by placing the pawl of the lever on one of the
openings of the ratchet . Such an arrangement is necessary because in the

page_text: tilting of the bridge the frame e itself assumes different inclinations. The
hand lever is placed at the side because the workman attending to the truck
may not set foot on the bridge during the unloading. We have previously
stated that the shelves a' could be placed in different positions by turning the
hand lever på but this only applies so long as the lifting up of the same can be
effected under all circumstances by this turning of the hand lever, but not a
sinking because the bolts t only take the free ends of the shelves a¹ with
them in their downward motion. If indeed the shelves a¹ are loaded, they will
always follow the upward motion of the bolts 4, and consequently in this case,
their carrying parts will sink.
This arrangement is made because a setting in motion of the several shelves
independently of one another is necessary for the immediate loading of the truck
without the help of a loading-frame, as the shelves a are so numerous one
above the other, that if they maintained the same distance between them after
the loading the bringing in of the bricks would be difficult. The not carrying
portions of the shelves a¹, with exception of the lowest, are connected with each
other by chains a³. If, now, the carrying parts of the two lowest arms are raised
by the hand, so also will all the shelves lying above be raised simultaneously
while the distance between the swinging ends of the second-lowest and that of
the lowest shelf will increase. It therefore follows that the laying of the bricks
on the lowest shelf is done with greater ease. In case then that the second shelf
is loaded the second lowest arms a¹ will similarly be pressed back by the hand
without the upper shelves being influenced by it.
In the same way the loading will proceed and the result be obtained that the
shelves as they continually come forward to be loaded will have a sufficient
space between them suitable for putting in the bricks. Instead of the bridge
tilting and the truck in consequence sinking, both the bridge and the truck
together can be raised or lowered without losing their respective horizontal or
vertical position.
In Figs. 8 and 9 such a contrivance is shown. Fig. 8 shows the same in a
normal position while Fig. 9 represents the same view in a completely lowered
position. The bridges 9 rest on two axles a³ and which are supplied with
two pulleys d³ and respectively, which are placed between the rails f³ and g³.
The two axles are connected by means of a toothed bar, gearing with a
toothed wheel, which together with a small toothed wheel are placed on
the axle . A toothed sector ms which like lever is keyed to the reversible
axle o gears with the small toothed wheel. Now the lever n³ being moved
the toothed sector m5 turns on axle and sets in rotation the toothed wheel /,
the axle and the toothed wheel. Through this, according to the moving
of the lever n³, the toothed bar, and with it the bridge resting on the
axles a and b, is either lowered or raised. Nevertheless to prevent a pre-
mature and automatic sinking of the bridge in cousequence of the loading,
the same is counterbalanced by means of the weights and 23. The first hangs
on a chain which is led over pulleys, and is attached to the axle ³, and serves
the purpose of keeping the bridge in its stationary position until the sixth shelf
is loaded. The second weight is supported by a fever which is securely con-
nected with the axle o and helps the counterbalancing during the loading of the
seventh, or eighth and ninth shelf, in that it swings towards the side by the
turning of the axle o³, and in its manner counterbalances the power of the
always increasing weight through its continually improving position.
As the arms of the shelves are adapted to swing in a vertical plane, they can
be employed in the loading and unloading of the bricks. To effect the taking
hold of the bricks the shelves must next be lowered so that they can grip
under the drying-hoards, upon which, through the upward swinging of the
shelves the drying boards are taken off. In unloading the bricks it will be
necessary by reverse action to swing high the shelves which carry the drying-
boards, and then to lower them again for the purpose of delivery.

page_text: For this purpose one can immediately use the arrangement shown in Fig. 1.
In this figure à drying-board with bricks upon it is shown the highest shelf a
while the other drying-boards are omitted for the sake of clearness, as above
mentioned. Now before the shelves can take up the position shown they must-
as before stated-be lowered so as to grip under the drying-boards.
If one
wishes to pass the truck in for the purpose of taking over the drying-boards
from the drying-room, one presses on the handlever to be able to set lever i
free. The handlever g is then moved upwards so far as to allow the shelves to
sink sufficiently and to extend conveniently under the drying-boards. Then
when one has pulled the truck quite in so that the shelves are placed well under
the drying-boards one presses the hand-lever g downwards, and in this manner,
by means of the arms a swinging upwards, one takes the drying-boards from
their places, after which the catch of the lever springs again of its own accord
over the crossbar k. Thus it is shown that the saine arrangement which is used
for making the shelves slant, in reversing the frame, can also be used for the
loading and unloading in connection with the automatic device for slanting
the shelves because it works quite independently of the latter. Better than
this is the arrangement shown in Fig. 10. It is applied to a truck according
to Fig. 4 and 7, that is to say a truck, which has a slanting frame, suitable for
loading without a loading-frame by help of a self-sinking bridge, the frame being
further adapted to swing on a horizontal axle. On the angle-irons 6 the arms a³
are pivoted which serve for taking away the drying-hoards. These arms a
forming the different shelves of the truck are bent down at their back projections
in such a way that a curve is formed at the angle, and in the horizontal position
of the arms a³, the bent parts run parallel to the angle-irons b. The rails e
which are furnished with rollers dat equal distances, are arranged parallel to
the rails 64 and are adapted to slide in top and bottom-guides. These distances
are smaller than the distances of the arms a³ the one from the other. The rails e³
can be moved up and down by the handlever m which swings freely round the
axle of the truck and is connected by the lever with the said rails *. It is
evident that in consequence of the circumstance that the distances between the
rollers are smaller than those between the arms 5, in pressing down the
rails by means of the handlever me, first the highest shelf and then, after the
stroke of the same is completed, the second, and then the third etc., is moved
until at last all the shelves are lifted up one after the other. In order to prevent
the upper shelves from swinging further after having completed their stroke
the back parts of arms are, as previously mentioned, bent in such a way,
that the parts hanging down run parallel to the angle irons b, and also to the
rails . In consequence of this each roller d' will roll past the bent down parts
without effect as soon as it has passed the curve at the angle of the elongated
arms, and so has caused the required stroke of the corresponding shelf a³. At the
same time a possible sinking of the shelves a³, under the weight of the bricks
on them is prevented. The back parts of the lower arms become shorter by
degrees to prevent contact with the rollers destined for moving the neighbouring
arms. The explained process has the great advantage that the workman needs
not lift the entire weight all at once, but at his ease take up the drying boards
singly from the drying-frame.
This work is also particularly easy for the reason that the lifting up of a
single drying-board filled with bricks is facilitated in so far, as the shelves as
are not lifted up perpendicularly but swing in a vertical plane, that is, each
drying board is taken hold of at the edge and then taken away. In the drawing
is is shewn that the two highest shelves are already lifted up while the remaining
are placed in the lowest position.
The slanting position of the shelves in the reversing of the frame for passing
low door-ways is caused by the handlever me which after taking up all the
drying-boards is held fast by the catch f, and in the reversing of the frame does

page_text: not move with it, and in consequence effects such a movement of the rails es
that the shelves a take up a slanting position.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that
what we claim is:-
1. In a transporting and loading device for bricks and the like the main-
frame turnable on a horizontal axle and the shelves adapted to swing in a
vertical plane, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.
2/. In the device claimed in Claim 1, means for lifting and lowering the
shelves one after another and means for lowering the main-frame on loading
the bricks, substantially as described.
3/. The bridge supporting the truck and means for lowering the said bridge
as described.
Dated this 16th day of August 1899.
GEO. THOS. HYDE,
1, Broad Street Buildings, Liverpool Street, London, E.C.,
Agent for the Applicants.

page_text: hot gases from an annular stove, or air-heater in the channel connecting the
furnace with the funnel of the boiler etc. In the conduit 6 another fan or some-
thing similar is provided, which liberates air from a part of the annular stove
filled with glowing ware, and which by means of a calorifer is brought to a
temperature higher than that which is desired for the temperature at the end of
the room.
The drying passages can be connected by means of a slide valve B
and its openings dd with the conduit a, but with the conduit 6 by means of the
openings eel. The draughts of air m are shut off by means of iron plates i, so
that the latter form the floors of the drying-passages. The draughts of air m
reach almost to the ends of the drying-passages, and at the ends are connected
with the said passages by openings n. In the roof of the drying passages open-
ings are arranged by which a connection with the open air can be effected.
Instead of this however these openings can lead into pipes which open out into
the floor of another drying passage. Besides the openings n there are also open-
ings o, which are arranged in a similar way as the draughts of air m connecting
the drying passages. The dry air which is introduced from the pipe m through
the openings n. and o, is always trying to get higher as quickly as possible so that
naturally the bricks which lie at the openings and are only lightly passed
over by it. To prevent this, openings are provided in the roof of the drying
passage through which also dry air is introduced through the pipe E. By this
means the air streams introduced through and q meet one another and distribute
themselves horizontally, so that all the bricks are uniformly passed over by the
dry air. The air-shaft F carries off a portion of the air coming from the pipe D
into the open. The slide valves B are so arranged that at first one pipe is opened,
while the other is opened by degrees so that at first an atmosphere of low tempera-
ture streams out and is mixed with air of a higher temperature coming from the
other pipe, afterwards only the air which is mixed with the higher temperature
from the second pipe comes out. The ware to be dried, and especially tiles are
brought into such kinds of drying apparatus in the following way. The drying-
passages A have on both sides brackets or ledges A¹ which in Fig. 1 are marked
on the left side of the figure in a broken off condition, and these can also be seen
in the single passages A in vertical section in Fig. 4. On these brackets A¹ rest
the drying-boards on which the tiles or other warc are placed. These boards are
piled up obliquely to the horizontal section of the drying-passages, so that they
are supported by their ends lying upon two brackets A¹ reaching along the
passages, and being oppositely arranged.
T
Improvements in Drying Apparatus for Bricks and the like.
We, MAX VILLARET, of Witaszyce, in the Province of Posen, in the Kingdom
of Prussia, German Empire, Manager, and JOHANN BAPTIST WAHLEN, of 6, Seyen-
gasse, Cologne, in the Province of the Rhine, in the Kingdom of Prussia, German
Empire, Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of this invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement:—
Our invention relates to the drying of bricks and the like and has particularly
in view to entirely avoid the cracking and spoiling of the ware to be dried, and

page_text: Date of Application, 16th Nov., 1898
Complete Specification Left, 16th Aug., 1899-Accepted, 11th Nov., 1899
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Drying Apparatus for Bricks and the like,
We, MAX VILLARET, of Witaszyce, in the Province of Posen, in the Kingdom
of Prussia, German Empire, Manager, and JOHANN BAPTIST WAHLEN, of 6, Seyen-
gasse, Cologne, in the Province of the Rhine, in the Kingdom of Prussia, German
Empire, Merchant, do hereby declare the nature the nature of this invention
to be as follows: —
Our invention relates to the drying of bricks and the like and has particularly
in view to entirely avoid the tearing and spoiling of the ware to be dried, and
also for enabling the manufacture to be treated according to its peculiar proper-
ties, and also the introducing of an economical system of effecting the same.
To prevent the tearing and spoiling of the drying-ware the latter is at once
exposed to a stream of air at low temperature, and containing a certain amount
of moisture, by means of which the drying ware is itself inmovable while the
stream of air passes through the whole drying room at an approximately uniform
temperature so that all the drying-ware remains evenly exposed to its working.
The temperature of the drying air stream is then gradually raised and at the
same time the amount of moisture is lessened so that the drying-ware remains
under the influence of an air-stream of continually increasing temperature and of
diminishing moisture till at last a perfectly dry stream of air of the highest
temperature comes into action. For an effectual accomplishment of this project
it is of course necessary that in the same drying-room the air-stream, while it
is passing through, should maintain approximately the same temperature and
work evenly in every spot. To accomplish this, several methods are employed,
among others the production of air-currents inside the chamber is shown as
particularly efficacious.
The production of the stream of air of a continually increasing temperature and
decreasing amount of moisture is caused by mixing two streams of air, one of
which has a low temperature and contains a certain amount of moisture, while
the other is perfectly dry and very hot. These are mixed in such a way that at
first the former air-stream alone acts and then both act together under the
continued diminution of the first, and increase of the second, and finally the
second stream alone. The first stream is heated by means of escaping hot gases
found in every like manufactory, while the second is sucked out of the drying-
room by glowing drying-ware, and is also heated by a special source of heat.
In the accompanying drawing such a drying arrangement is represented.
Fig. 1 is a sectional elevation.
Fig. 2 shows a horizontal section.
Fig. 3 a plan and
Fig. 4 a vertical section the drying arrangement. The drying arrangement
consists of a row of passages A placed next to each other, in which the clay-wire
to be dried are either piled up or distributed. Underneath the drying-passages A,
two conduits a and b are situated next to each other. By means of a fan a¹ or

page_text: The drying-room is divided into a row of pessages A placed next to each other,
in which the clayware to be dried are either piled up or distributed. Underneath
the drying room two conduits a and b are situated next to each other. By means
of a fan a (Fig. 4) or some similar contrivance air is pressed into the conduit a
This air is drawn from an annular furnace or the like and is brought by means
of a calorifer to a temperature higher than that which is desired at the end of
the drying-process. By means of a similar fan air is sucked out of the drying-
room and pressed into the conduit b. This air which has already passed once
through the drying room has a lower temperature than the air pressed into the
conduit a and contains at the same time a certain amount of moisture. By means
of valves B the construction of which is shown in Figs. 5 and 6 the conduit m
beneath the drying room can be connected either with the conduit a through the
openings d d of the valve or with a conduit b by means of the openings eel, s0
that the temperature as well as the moisture of the air entering the conduit m
can be easily regulated. Through openings o the air contained in the conduit m
enters into the drying room. As this air is always warmer than the air contained
in the drying room it always tries to get higher as quickly as possible, so that
naturally the bricks which lie near the bottom of the drying room are only lightly
passed over by it and the drying ware placed near the top of the drying-room
will always be dried at first. To prevent this the air leaving the drying-room
through the openings p on the top of the room is not led entirely into the open
air, but is partially driven back by fans D D' through the openings 7 into the
drying-room, whereby a horizontal circulation of the air is caused, because the
air entering through the openings on the top meets the air stream coming from
below through the openings o and prevents this stream from rising immediately.
In consequence thereof the drying stream of air is forced into every part of the

page_text: drying room and the temperature is nearly the same on the bottom of the drying
room as on the top of the same, so that the drying ware throughout the whole.
drying-room is always dried uniformly.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what
we claim is:-
1. The process of drying bricks and the like by exposing the drying ware to
a stream of air at low temperature and containing a certain amount of moisture
the temperature of which stream can be gradually raised and at the same time
the amount of moisture lessened.
2. In a drying room for carrying this process into effect the combination with
openings on the bottom of the drying chambers and means for conducting a
drying stream of air to such openings, of openings on the top of the drying
chambers and means for conducting a second stream of air to such openings, in
order to cause air currents in the drying chambers, aubstantially as set forth.
T
121 1
1000
GEO. THOS. HYDE,
1, Broad Street Buildings, London, E.C., Agent for the Applicants.