matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
AN IMPROVED CONSTRUCTION OF PLOUGH
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Elgar Toomer at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 3rd May
1860.
I, GEORGE ELGAR TOOMER, of Hoaden House, Ash, Sandwich, in the County
of Kent, Farmer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN
IMPROVED CONSTRUCTION OF PLOUGH," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to improve the construction of Kentish turn-
wrest or turn-rise ploughs. To this end I make the whole plough of iron.
The beam and handles are formed of wrought iron, and to the beam is attached
a cast-iron frame which carries the sole plate. This solo plate is made tubular,
the roof of the tube being cast in one piece with the frame, and having
attached to it vertical wrought iron or steel forming the sides, while to these a
chilled bottom plate is secured. This bottom plato is made capable of easy
removal and replacement when worn, and it is dovetailed at the fore part into
the "buck," which forms a socket for the share. This buck is provided with a
lug at its upper part to receive a screw bolt, which firmly secures it to the
tubular sole plate; the share is fixed to the buck in the ordinary manner of
securing shares. The breast is fixed to the frame by dowel pins. The rise or
mould board slides into the tubular sole plate at the fore part, and is retained
in position by an oval steel spring pin which snaps into place, and at the heel
it is attached to a notched standard by a compound slotted bar, which connects
it with an adjustable lug on the notched bar.
By this mean the vertical and lateral adjustment of the mould board is

page_text: secured to suit the width and depth of the furrow. The connection of the
compound bar with the mould board and the lug on the standard is such that
the mould board may be instantly unshipped to allow of its being attached to
the opposite side of the plough. The coulter passes through a slot in the beam,
and is embraced in front by a forked rod fitted with a screw and adjusting nut
for regulating with the aid of an adjustable chain, pendent from the beam, the
angle of inclination of the coulter forwards. Its lateral adjustment is effected
by side and front screws. The axle of the steering wheels carries a standard,
which is fitted with a screw, into which the fore end of the plough beam is
inserted. The collar moves up and down between guides in the standard, and
the draught head, which is also carried by the standard, is adjustable verti-
cally thereon to suit the draught to the height of any horse or depth of tillage,
and it is secured in position by regulating screws.
A CERTAIN IMPROVED COMPOUND OR COMPOUNDS TO BE USED AS A SUBSTITUTE FOR GUNPOWDER
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Harrison, William Brad-
bury, and James Buckley at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 24th July 1860.
We, EDWARD HARRISON, of Oldham, in the County of Lancaster, School-
master, WILLIAM BRADBURY, of the same Place, Mechanic, and JAMES BUCKLEY,
of the same Place, Weaver, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "A CERTAIN IMPROVED COMPOUND OR COMPOUNDS TO BE USED AS A SUBSTITUTE
FOR GUNPOWDER," to be as follows:-
Our Invention consists of an admixture of certain saccharine matter or
matters (saccharum) with potash, or a certain preparation therefrom, and a
plant commonly called or known as "club moss" (lycopodium clavatum).
The saccharum employed is saccharine matter containing indefinite proportions
of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. This when mixed with a preparation from
potash, and also combined with the plant or parts of the plant called "club
moss" (lycopodium clavatum), forming a chemical combination, becomes when
ground, the substitute for gunpowder, for which Letters Patent are sought.
From ten to twelve or more different qualities of powder may be made from
the before described materials, as for example, No. 1, a description of powder,
that is the coarsest, to be used for "blasting purposes."
Take of saccharum
50 parts

page_text: Their specific mode of preparation, and respective quantities, in order to
attain the best effect (being the result of experience and trial) will be fully
explained in our Complete Specification hereafter to be filed.
Iж- PROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Sibley at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 27th April
1860.
I, THOMAS SIBLEY, of Ashton-under-Lyne, in the County of Lancaster,
Machine Maker, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "Iж-
PROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING," to be as follows:-
Firstly, my improvements relate to the "weft fork" of "weft stopping
motions." Hitherto "weft forks" have been balanced on a pin passing
through a hole in the "fork," which hole enlarges by uso and allows the fork
to vibrate sideways to such extent as to be frequently caught by the "grid"
and broken. My improvement consists in suspending the "fork" on cone
centres, one or both of which are adjustable by a screw, which may be prevented
from becoming loose by lock nuts; by these arrangements the "fork" can be
more delicately balanced than by the common method, and by the same means
the objection above referred to is removed.
Secondly, my improvements relate to self-acting "temples," and to that
class of "temples" formed by two short spiked or toothed rollers carried by a
bracket, one pair of spiked toothed rollers being on one side and another pair
on the other side of the cloth. These rollers have hitherto been used parallel
to each other, and to the face of the "reed." By the vibration or movement
of the cloth as it is woven its edges become gradually withdrawn from the
spiked or tooth rollers, so that the cloth is not stretched to the full width, and
the weaver at intervals bas to correct this defective action on the part of the

page_text: temples;" the object of this part of my Invention is to remedy this defective
action wholly or partly; and my improvement consists in placing the axis of
the rollers nearest the "reed" at an inclination to the face of the reed, the
outside end of the rollers being nearest the "reed," the other rollers remaining
in the ordinary position, with their axes parallel to the face of the reed. This
inclination of the rollers nearest the reed tends to widen the cloth to such
extent as will counteract the tendency in the opposite direction above
.mentioned.
Thirdly, my improvements relate to the "picking motion" and to arrange-
ments for reducing the concussion of the "pickers" against their spindle bearings,
and for retaining the lubricating matter upon the spindles, and imparting it
to the pickers, so as to make them work freely; and my improvement consists
in employing strips of woollen fabric or other similar material, which are
made up in the form of a cylindrical roll, and kept together by hoops of
leather or other similar material. The edges of the strips of fabric come
against the picker and act as a "buffer," and also retain and give off the oil as
required.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SEWING MACHINES
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Ford and Thomas Procter
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition,
on the 2nd August 1860.
We, WILLIAM FORD, of Derby, in the County of Derby, Manufacturer,
and THOMAS PROCTER, also of Derby, Engineer, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN SEWING MACHINES," to be
as follows:-
Our Invention consists, first, in the employment of a slotted crank to drive
the shuttle, whereby we obtain the necessary rest for the shuttle.
Second, in constructing the needle carrier, and in combining therewith a
feed foot in such manner that the necessary rise is imparted to the foot to
free the work, and a backward motion is given to it, which motion, upon the
needle being freed from the work, is converted into a downward and forward
motion, whereby the feeding of the work is regularly maintained all by the
working of the needle carrier. The foot proper is furnished with a heel,
which rises up at the back of the leg which carries the foot. By means of
screws the amount of feed can be adjusted.
Third, in the employment of a bar or lever centred in an oscillating block,
and formed at one end with an eye through which the thread passes from the
bobbin or reel to the needle, while the other end extends beyond the block,
and on every stroke of the needle carrier a pin projecting from the top
thereof raises this end, consequently depresses that carrying the eye through
which the thread is passed, and so keeps the thread in proper tension.

page_text: Fourth, in the employment of a spring to press against the reel carrying
the thread, together with a screw for regulating the pressure against the reel.
This spring is so connected to the frame of the machine as to allow of it
being turned out of the way when required.
And, fifth, in the employment in the shuttle, carrying the thread, to form!
the lock of a spring, which pressing against one end of the spindle of the
thread carrier inserted in the shuttle prevents it from playing or becoming
loose therein.
AN IMPROVED GUARD OR CUTWATER FOR SHIPS OR VESSELS, FOR THE PURPOSE OF LESSENING OR PREVENTING INJURIOUS EFFECTS RESULTING FROM COLLISION
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Bright at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 8th October
1860.
I, HENRY BRIGHT, of Sandwich Street, Burton Crescent, in the County of
Middlesex; do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN
IMPROVED GUARD OR CUTWATER FOR SHIPS OR VESSELS, FOR THE PURPOSE OF
LESSENING OR PREVENTING INJURIOUS EFFECTS RESULTING FROM COLLISION," to be
as follows:-
My Invention is intended to lessen or prevent injurious effects resulting to
ships or vessels when the same strike on rocks, reefs, icebergs, or the shore, or
when one ship runs foul of another, and consists of a yielding apparatus built
in front of the vessel from the keel upwards under the bowsprit. The apparatus
is composed of a series of timber-built skeleton triangles arranged in a hori-
zontal plane, and placed tier above tier in as many tiers as may be found
desirable; each tier consists of triangles which are graduated in size, the
smallest being placed foremost. These triangles are intended to give way in
succession in case of a collision, and are therefore placed so that the base of
each, beginning with the foremost triangle, bears against the point or apex of
the one immediately behind it.
Each triangle is supported in its place independently by means of stays
connecting it with the ship, the base of each hindmost triangle bearing athwart
that part of the vessel which in ordinary cases forms the cutwater.
To

page_text: prevent the apparatus being twisted to either side, the ends of each triangle
are tied by iron rods passing through the one behind it, which are free to be
driven backwards so as not to injure the rear triangle in case of collision.
Strong spiral or other springs are. fitted within the said skeleton triangles to
add elasticity to each in case of fracture. The herein described apparatus is
entirely enclosed by a suitable casing, which takes the form of and serves as a
cutwater for the ordinary purposes of navigation, but is intended to give way
in case of a collision, and save the hull of the, vessel to which it is attached, or
if the collision be against another vessel to save both.
The said Invention is applicable to vessels already built as well as to those
in course of construction.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN APPARATUS FOR CONVEYING COMMUNICATIONS FROM ONE PLACE TO ANOTHER
Year: 1860

page_text: PRO ISIONAL SPE
ICATION leit by Robert Crawiora
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 19th September
1860.
I, ROBERT CRAWFORD, of Beith, in the County of Ayr, North Britain.
Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN APPARATUS FOR CONVEYING COMMUNICATIONS FROM ONE PLACE TO ANOTHER,"
to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to a mechanical arrangement for conveying com-
munications from one place to another, or from one part of a building or other
structure to an adjoining or distant part.
Under one modification it is proposed to lay down or arrange pipes or tubes
between the places to be communicated with. These pipes or tubes are fitted
with moveable duplex pistons or diaphragms; the space between these pistons
forms a carriage or holder for receiving written communications, letters,
parcels, and other matters which are required to be transmitted. Motion is
communicated to the moveable carriage by means of hydrostatic pressure,
the water employed for the purpose being admitted to the main pipe from
branches governed by suitable valvular apparatus. The pressure of the water
admitted into the main tube acts against the piston, and propels the carriage
along with great rapidity. At the parts where the carriage, is required to
be stopped the main tube is fitted with moveable segmental pieces, which
are hinged to the tube, and are water-tight when shut to. By opening these
doors access is obtained to the carriage, for the purpose of placing therein or

page_text: removing therefrom the papers or other matters to be transmitted. The main
tube is fitted with suitable stops or catches, which are actuated from without;
and by moving these inwards the stoppage of the carriage exactly opposite the
openings is insured. Means are also provided for enabling the operator on
the arrival of the carriage to remove the pressure from the back of the piston,
by means of suitable valvular apparatus, or by letting the water escape through
branch pipes. The pipes for communicating from one place to another by
these means may be arranged either horizontally, vertically, or in any other
direction as required.
AN IMPROVED APPA- RATUS APPLICABLE TO SHIPS, BOATS, AND OTHER NAVIGABLE VESSELS FOR PREVENTING THE DANGERS OF SHIPWRECK AT SEA OR IN RIVERS, AND FOR DIMINISHING THEIR DRAUGHT OF WATER
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederic Seiler at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 26th November
1860.
I, FREDERIC SEILER, of Paris, in the French Empire, Engineer, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED APPA-
RATUS APPLICABLE TO SHIPS, BOATS, AND OTHER NAVIGABLE VESSELS FOR PREVENTING
THE DANGERS OF SHIPWRECK AT SEA OR IN RIVERS, AND FOR DIMINISHING THEIR
DRAUGHT OF WATER," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in the employment of an air-tight belt or collapsible
float around or partially around the submerged part of ships, boats, or other
vessels, such belt or float being of any suitable material, form, and dimensions,
and protected externally by a metallic gauze or meshed fabric, or by any other
suitable metallic fabric, such metallic fabric also serving to sustain the pressure
of compressed air, which is forced into the belt or float by steam power in the
case of steam vessels, and by manual power in the case of sailing vessels, or
otherwise. By inflating this belt or float, the displacement of the ship, boat,
or other vessel, will be increased, and its draught of water consequently reduced.
so as to enable it to float off rocks in cases of danger, and to enter harbours and
other water spaces which would be otherwise inaccessible to it. By suitably
placing the belt or float the stability and consequent safety of the ship, boat,
or other vessel will likewise be increased in some circumstances of danger.
The belt or float is formed with numerous compartments, and may be made

page_text: removable, being drawn into and out of its position by means of ropes passing
round pulleys and extending to the opposite sides of the vessel, and attached,
when in place, either to fixed bolts or to screw bolts, which may be taken out
of the bottom at pleasure.
The Invention is applicable to vessels of every form, whatever may be their &
character and wherever they may be employed.
IMPROVED MACHINERY FOR MANUFACTURING ELASTIC CORD
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Grout at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 17th September
1860.
I, GEORGE GROUT, of Wood Green, Tottenham, in the County of Middlesex,
Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVED
MACHINERY FOR MANUFACTURING ELASTIC CORD," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to produce in an efficient and economical
manner, elastic cords suitable for application to ladies' skirts and to other
uses whereby flexibility and elasticity are required. To this end I bind by
the aid of suitable machinery a strand or strands of wire helically around a
core of cotton or other suitable material, in such manner as to prevent the
undue compression of the core, and thereby preserve its pliability. The core
which is to receive the wire, I pass through a fixed hollow mandril on which
is mounted a hollow axle fitted with arms that form supports for the spools
carrying the wire. Surrounding the forward end of the mandril, (which
protrudes beyond the hollow axle,) is a screw thread or worm for transmitting
the wire from the spool in the form of a coil, to the core during its forward
passage through the fixed mandril. This worm I affix to the hollow axle to
which a rotary motion is given. The wire is drawn down from the spool
and lapped round the mandril, between the coils of the worm, and as the worm
rotates it will deliver the coils of wire on to the core, at the same time taking
up a continuous supply from the spool or spools. If two or more spools are
used the threads of the worm must correspond in number thereto.

page_text: The rotary motion of the hollow axle is proportioned to the rate of traverse
of the core through the fixed mandril, or to the pitch desired to be given to
the coil of wire round the core. If desired the mandril may be rotated and
the hollow axle and arms carrying the spools held stationary. In this
arrangement, the rotation of the mandril, combined with the draught of the 5
passing core, will cause the delivery of the wire as before explained.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SHIPS' RUDDERS, AND THE MODE OF MOUNTING OR APPLYING THE SAME TO THE STERN POSTS OF VESSELS
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Ernest Leon Morel at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 17th December
1860.
I, ERNEST LEON MOREL, of Paris, in the Empire of France, Gentleman,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
SHIPS' RUDDERS, AND THE MODE OF MOUNTING OR APPLYING THE SAME TO THE STERN
POSTS OF VESSELS," to be as follows:-
My Invention of improvements in ships' rudders, and the mode of
mounting or applying the same to the stern posts of vessels, relates to a novel
mode of constructing temporary rudders, which are intended to be used in
emergencies when the permanent or regular rudder has been broken, damaged,
disabled, or lost by accident.
The Invention also relates to the means of mounting or attaching these
temporary rudders to the stern post of the vessel. The temporary rudder is
(for the convenience of storage when not required for use) constructed in sec-
tions, and may be composed either of wood or sheet iron, and is provided with
eye bolts, through which may be passed a strong iron rod, bar, or shaft, on
which the temporary rudder works or turns as an axle. The sections of which
the temporary rudder is composed are constructed in such a manner with iron
clamps or otherwise that any desired number of them may be connected
together by means of screw bolts or screws. In order to facilitate the mounting
of the temporary rudder, a horizontal hole is made through the stern post at

page_text: some convenient point below the water line, and through the hole is passed a
chain or rope, both ends of which are secured on deck. When the ordinary
rudder is lost, damaged, or materially injured, the sections of the temporary
rudder must be connected together, and the rudder must be lowered into the
water by means of a chain secured to the upper part of the rudder spindle or
axle, the lower end of which is secured to one of the ends of the rope or
chain that is passed through the hole in the stern post. By hauling on the
other end of the rope or chain the lower part of the rudder spindle will
be brought against the horizontal hole in the stern post, and by securing the
rope on deck the rudder may be held fast at its lower end. The upper end of
the spindle is let into and works in an eye or socket fixed in the stern post for
the purpose, so that the rudder spindle will have two fixed points to turn upon.
In order to work the rudder two ropes are secured to it, one on each side, and
near to the outer edge, and these ropes being passed through pullies secured
at the ends of a cross-tree or spar projecting over both sides of the vessel, and
the ends of the ropes being brought on to the deck, the rudder may be
manoeuvred with facility.
AN IMPROVED COMPOUND FOR THE COATING OF WOODEN SHIPS, BOATS, AND OTHER STRUCTURES, USED AT SEA
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Swiatoslar Zoubtchaninoff, at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 10th
July 1860.
I, SWIATOSLAR ZOUBTCHANINOFF, Merchant, of Paris, Empire of France,
36, Boulevart Batignolles, or of St. Petersburg, Empire of Russia, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED COMPOUND FOR
THE COATING OF WOODEN SHIPS, BOATS, AND OTHER STRUCTURES, USED AT SEA,"
to be as follows:-
The compound with which I purpose coating ships, and all wooden con-
structions for marine purposes, to preserve them from the attack of worms
and other deterioration, will be composed as follows:-Bitumen, four parts
(in weight), ordinary resin, four parts, essence or spirit of black turpentine, six
parts, colza oil, two, and sulphuric acid or oil of vitriol, eight parts. The
whole to be placed in a caldron, heated and mixed together. When applied
to ships very strong brushes should be used to make it penetrate the pores
of the wood, and it should be allowed four or five days drying before the
vessel is placed in the water.
AN IM- PROVED ELASTIC BAND FOR SUSTAINING AND TIGHTENING PANTALOONS AND WAIST- COATS, DRAWERS, PETTICOATE, OR OTHER DRESSES
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Jacques Clemille Malfille at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 9th
July 1860.
I, JACQUES CLEMILLE MALFILLE, of Bordeaux, Town in the French Empire,
Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IM-
PROVED ELASTIC BAND FOR SUSTAINING AND TIGHTENING PANTALOONS AND WAIST-
COATS, DRAWERS, PETTICOATE, OR OTHER DRESSES," to be as follows:-
This band only extends round a portion of the body, and is fixed and
removed at will. It is formed broad in the centre, and carries at the two
ends a hook, button, or other means of attachment. The garment to which
it is applied is furnished with tabs, and these carry two or more loops,
button holes, or other contrivance to form a complete fastening with one of
the apparatuses on the band. By shifting the hooks on the band into one or
other of the loops the band will be made to exert more or less pressure.
For waistcoats the band should be passed through loops sewn to the back,
and for trousers and drawers a buttonhole may be made to fasten to a button,
to prevent the band falling when unhooked.
AN IMPROVED LUBRICANT FOR SMALL ARMS AND ORDNANCE AMMUNITION
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Frost Nuthall and Charles
Humfrey at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 23rd February 1860.
We, WILLIAM FROST NUTHALL, of North Lodge, Kilburn, in the County of
Middlesex, a Major in Her Majesty's Bengal Army, and CHARLES HUMFREY,
of Southwark, in the County of Surrey, Oil Merchant, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED LUBRICANT FOR SMALL ARMS
AND ORDNANCE AMMUNITION," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in the use of paraffine or preparations thereof, for
the purpose of lubricating cartridges, service ammunition, and projectiles when
it is requisite to have a substance the consistency of which shall,-
Firstly, diminish windage when applied to the surface of each.
Secondly, which shall prevent the paper envelope from being destroyed by
the explosive force of the powder.
Thirdly, which shall prevent the barrel fouling, and shall perfectly lubricate
it without promoting corrosion or corrupting its surface, and which from these
qualities shall also prevent the oxidation of the bullet.
Fourthly, which shall form a smooth and even coating to the cartridge, and
be so tough as not to flake off, and shall preserve its consistency under the
greatest changes of temperature of climate.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF RIDGE STONES AND SCYTHE STONES, AND IN THE MACHINERY OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED FOR THAT PURPOSE, WHICH MACHINERY IS ALSO APPLICABLE FOR OTHER SIMILAR PURPOSES
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Fairbairn Wilson and
William Charles Wilson at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 9th February 1860.
We, GEORGE FAIRBAIRN WILSON and WILLIAM CHARLES WILSON, of South
Kirkby, near Pontefract, in the County of York, Ridge Stone Manufacturers,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF RIDGE STONES AND SCYTHE STONES, AND IN THE MACHINERY OR
APPARATUS EMPLOYED FOR THAT PURPOSE, WHICH MACHINERY IS ALSO APPLICABLE FOR
OTHER SIMILAR PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to ridge stones used in the roofing of buildings, and
which heretofore have been made or manufactured by hand or formed by
chiselling, chopping, or chipping blocks of stone to the form required, which is
a tedious process and wasteful of stone. Our improvements consist in the
employment of saws, blades, or wires to which motion is given by machinery,
thereby facilitating the process of manufacture, producing a better quality or
appearance, and economizing the stone, by cutting one out of another, or
cutting a series of ridge stones or forms out of one block of stone. A series of
saws or blades are fixed or set at suitable distances apart and at any angle in
a frame, to which reciprocatory motion, by preference in a horizontal direction,
is given. The blocks of stone to be cut are placed under the said saws or
blades upon a table which can be adjusted, or the surface thereof set at any
suitable angle, and capable of being raised or lowered to the thickness of the
block of stone, and also to the cutting of the stone; or the saws and frame

page_text: may be made to rise and fall to accommodate the stone and the cutting
thereof. This machinery is applicable also to the cutting of scythe stones or
other similar forms of stone.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ILLUMINATING GAS
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederick John Evans and George
Frederick Evans at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 13th December 1860.
We, FREDERICK JOHN EVANS, of the Gas Works, Horseferry Road, in the
City of Westminster, Engineer, and GEORGE FREDERICK EVANS, of the Gas
Works, Brentford, in the County of Middlesex, Engineer, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF
ILLUMINATING GAS," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates, firstly, to the purifying of coal gas after condensation,
and previously to its undergoing the ordinary purification, by mixing with the
foul gas atmospheric air or pure oxygen, and then heating the gas to a tem-
perature, varying according to circumstances, of from 200° to 400° Fahren-
heit, and while in this heated state passing the same through a purifier or
other convenient vessel containing charcoal, coke asbestos, chalk asbestos,
and spongy platinum, or other equivalent substances previously heated to the
temperature above mentioned. During the passage of the gas through the
heated purifier the sulphur compounds in the gas appear to be decomposed,
and sulphurous or sulphuric acid is produced, and which combines with the
ammonia existing in the gas, or may be passed through a solution of gas
liquor so as to be absorbed. By this method the gas is wholly or in great
part deprived of its sulphur compounds, and, if thought desirable, it may be
further subjected to any of the known modes of purification.

page_text: Any convenient form of purifying apparatus may be used for the purposes of
this Invention, but it is preferred that the source of heat to be applied thereto
shall be the waste heat from the retort ovens, whether it be applied directly or
through the medium of steam produced by such waste heat. To determine
what substances are suitable for use in the purifier, the gas mixed with air or
oxygen is to be passed through a tube containing the material to be tested,
and if the gas, on issuing from the end of the tube, shows that it is free from
sulphuretted hydrogen, such material may be pronounced effective.
The Invention relates, secondly, to the freeing from its sulphur compounds
gas that has already undergone the ordinary process of purification, and which
is known as pure gas. For this purpose we use the same means as that above
described for treating foul gas, and in some cases we propose to dispense with
the use of atmospheric air or oxygen as above mentioned.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN HOOPS OR APPARATUS FOR GIVING SHAPE OR DISTENTION TO FEMALE ATTIRE
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Coxon at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 7th August
1860.
I, ROBERT COXON, of Beeston, near Leeds, in the County of York, Manu-
facturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN HOOPS OR APPARATUS FOR GIVING SHAPE OR DISTENTION TO FEMALE
ATTIRE," to be as follows:-
The improvements consist in the use of fibre such as that commonly
called Russia and India matting, combined with wadding or cotton wool,
canvas, and sacking, formed into ribs or hoops by being enclosed in a covering
of cotton, alpacca, Orleans cloth, or other suitable material. Ribs or hoops
thus formed with the other matters I employ in stiffening and giving shape or
distention to female attire.
IMPROVEMENTS IN FACILITATING THE DIVISION OF SHEETS OR PIECES OF PAPER OR OTHER SUBSTANCES INTO REQUIRED FORMS, AND IN THE MEANS OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED FOR THE PURPOSE
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Stacy Aumonier and Charles
John Wellard at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 26th October 1860.
We, HENRY STACY AUMONIER, and CHARLES JOHN WELLARD, of Saint John
Street, Clerkenwell, in the County of Middlesex, Engineers, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN FACILITATING
THE DIVISION OF SHEETS OR PIECES OF PAPER OR OTHER SUBSTANCES INTO REQUIRED
FORMS, AND IN THE MEANS OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED FOR THE PURPOSE," to be as
follows:-
Heretofore it has been proposed to perforate paper and other substances
with series of round holes, and also by simple incisions in the direction of the
separations desired, but it is found that the process of punching round holes
hardens the paper around the orifice, preventing easy fracture with certainty,
whilst simple cuts or incisions cause the burr produced by the cutting tool on
one sheet to enter the incision made in the sheet below, thereby causing the
different sheets of paper or other substance to adhere together.
The object of our present improvements is to form the holes of an oblong or
oval form with diamond or other form of ends to such holes, so that the line
of fracture is thrown in the direction of a line through the centre of the slots,
whilst the paper is hardened only at the sides of such slots. A plate or plates
of steel or other suitable metal, with a series of projections forming punches
corresponding in form with that of the holes to be produced, is adapted to work

page_text: with, by fitting two cutting edges which form the bed or counterpart of the
cutting tools, so that when the paper or other substance to be cut is passed
over the opening formed by these two parts of the bed, and the projections of
the steel plate are caused to descend between them; the parts to be removed
are cut or punched out.
In order to release the paper from the cutting tool, we employ two bars,
one on each side of the cutting tool, and forced up thereto by springs or other
suitable means, and these bars remain stationary whilst the cutting tool
ascends out of the paper. The upper portion of the cutting tool may be
variously operated, but we find connecting it with so as to be worked by cams
or eccentrics operated by a handle a very convenient method.
MAKING OF CHINA AND EARTHENWARE ARTICLES BY MACHINERY
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Maxime Lepetit at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 4th December
1860.
I, MAXIME LEPETIT, of 7, Ware Street, Kingsland Road, in the County of
Middlesex, China Gilder, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for the "MAKING OF CHINA AND EARTHENWARE ARTICLES BY MACHINERY," to be
as follows:
A machine to be worked either by hand or by steam or other motive power,
and by which machine can be made china and earthenware articles, such as
plates, cups, saucers, washing basins, chamber pots, jelly cans, marmalade
pots, mugs, nappees, and all other description of round china and earthenware
articles, either having narrow bottoms with wider tops, or being perfectly
straight.
The machine in the making of the said articles will dispense with the
employment of a thrower to form the clay into shape, and of a turner to turn
it, and also of a batter to batten and mould the clay; but the machine, by
being fed with balls of clay of the required size, will, upon being worked either
by the hand, or steam, or other power, make and complete the aforesaid china
and earthenware articles, and at a saving over the present system of making
similar articles of one hundred per centum.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN MEANS OR APPARATUS FOR PREVENTING COLLISIONS ON RAILWAYS
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James William McGanley at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 19th
December 1860.
I, JAMES WILLIAM MCGANLEY, of Pimlico, in the County of Middlesex,
Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN MEANS OR APPARATUS FOR PREVENTING COLLISIONS ON RAILWAYS," to be
as follows:-
My Invention has for its object the prevention of collisions on railways by
shutting off the steam while the locomotive engine is in motion, not by any
connection with or direction given to those on the engine or in the train, but by
means of an inclined plane, inclined planes, or other suitable contrivances placed
between, on, or near the rails of the railway, and acting upon other machinery or
apparatus attached to the locomotive engine cuts off the steam as the loco-
motive engine passes said inclined plane, inclined planes, or other suitable
contrivances.
The machinery attached to the locomotive engine for the purpose consists of
levers, rods, or any suitable apparatus, which being raised or moved by said
inclined plane, inclined planes, or other suitable contrivances, moves the regu-
lator by means of a rack and segment or other suitable contrivance, and
thus shuts off the steam, thereby causing the train, whatever may be the
rate at which it is moving, to be immediately arrested in its progress.
When the inclined plane or inclined planes or other suitable contrivance is

page_text: required, it is thrown into action by an eccentric or other suitable contrivance,
moved by a handle or other means placed in some convenient situation, or,
when desirable, it may be kept permanently in action.
The apparatus attached to the locomotive engine for the purpose of moving
the regulator, and thus shutting off the steam, is more or less independent of
the regulator, that the regulator may not be impeded or strained, and that it
may be moved at the required time whatever its position.
IMPROVEMENTS IN OBTAINING MOTIVE POWER
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Edwards at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 13th April
1860.
I, THOMAS EDWARDS, of Great Tindal Street Works, Birmingham, in the
County of Warwick, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN OBTAINING MOTIVE POWER," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to a peculiar system or mode of obtaining motive
power, and consists in the employment for that purpose of a continuous
pressure obtained from steam, air, gases, or fluids of any kind, such pressure
acting upon a revolving piston inside a cylinder. This piston is provided with
two metallic packing strips forming a line of contact with the opposite sides of
the interior of the cylinder, one of such lines of contact being formed on the
abutment side of the piston, and the other on the pressure or power-exerting
side of the piston. The axis or shaft of the rotatory piston is placed eccen-
trically within the cylinder, and the cylinder accomodates itself to the
changing positions of the piston in its revolving or circular motion. The
medium or agent employed for obtaining the requisite pressure is admitted
by a suitable divided passage cast in the shaft, each compartment communi-
cating an opening or passage with either side of the revolving piston,
so that the engine may be reversed at pleasure, by simply directing the
agent used through one or the other of the passages by any convenient
valvular arrangement.

page_text: The essential feature of novelty in this engine is the total absence of all
exhaust when in motion, the motive power being produced by the constant
pressure of the medium or agent inside one half of the cylinder exerted
against the revolving piston; any suitable packing may be used on the ends
of the piston next the cylinder covers.
AN IMPROVED DRESS FASTENING
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Trotman at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 11th July
1860.
I, THOMAS TROTMAN, of Crimscot Street, Grange Road, Bermondsey, in the
County of Surrey, Pin Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "AN IMPROVED DRESS FASTENING," to be as follows:-
My improved dress fastening consists of a wire doubled in the same manner
as for an ordinary hook, the double part forming a kind of prong, on which
an eyelet or loop may be placed. The ears by which this fastening are held are
doubled backwards in the direction of the prong before mentioned, and being
in the same plane, & sewn flat upon the article of dress, keep the prong flat
down thereon, and prevent any tendency to its rising and falling over, which
would have the effect of releasing its hold of the loop or eyelet; the whole
being in the same plane, prevents the liability to cut the dress in mangling or
ironing, and, besides, is little seen when the dress is fastened therewith.
Instead of doubling wire as described, this fastening may be otherwise formed,
but I prefer wire bent to the form for the purpose.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PREPARATION OF CERTAIN COLORING MATTERS, AND ALSO A PROCESS OF PRINTING AND DYEING WOVEN FABRICS, YARNS, AND OTHER SUBSTANCES,
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Joseph Hughes at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 8th Octo-
ber 1860. A communication from abroad by Paul Depoully, Ernest
Depoully, and Charles Lauth, of Clichy, in the Empire of France.
I, EDWARD JOSEPH HUGHES, of the City of Manchester, in the County of
Lancaster, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PREPARATION OF CERTAIN COLORING MATTERS,
AND ALSO A PROCESS OF PRINTING AND DYEING WOVEN FABRICS, YARNS, AND OTHER
SUBSTANCES," being a communication to me from abroad by Paul Depoully,
Ernest Depoully, and Charles Lauth, of Clichy, in the Empire of France, to
be as follows:-
This Invention consists, firstly, in precipitating by means of tannin (tannic
acid or matter containing tannins, as gall nut, sumac, or similar articles)
solutions of violet and of red derived from aniline and of coloring matter
derived from orchil. The precipitates thus obtained are insoluble in water
and are often according to the quality of the tannic produce used of a very fine
color, and may serve alone or combined with metallic oxides for painting,
printing of paper and woven fabrics by means of albumen and other products
used for fixing pigment colors. With the addition of a solvent, such as alcohol,
methyline, acetic acid, or other solvents, they may be used for dyeing and
printing yarn and woven fabrics of every description.

page_text: Secondly, in dyeing by means of the above described product, with or without
the addition of a solvent, yarns or woven fabrics dyed or printed in mordant for
madder dyeing, as mordants of iron, alumina, or others.
Thirdly, in dyeing these same mordants by fixing them first in a bath con-
taining a tannic substance, washing, and then dyeing them in a bath containing
either the insoluble products above described, or violet and red of aniline,
used in the trade, or colors derived from orchil.
Fourthly, in printing the coloring matters derived from aniline or from
orchil with the addition of one of the mordants (as salt of alumina of iron and
others) then dry or vaporize the stuffs, and then fixing them by a solution of
tannin. Or to mordant the fabrics in salts of alumina of iron or other salts,
fix these mordants by a tannin, and then print one of the colors derived from
aniline or orchil, then dry or vaporize and wash them.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Leeming at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 6th March
1860.
I, JOHN LEEMING, of Bradford, in the County of York, Machine Maker,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
LOOMS FOR WEAVING," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to looms wherein change shuttle boxes are employed,
and consists, firstly, in a new and improved method of withdrawing the picker
to the end of the spindle of the box quickly, in order to allow the box,
whether oscillating, rotary, sliding, or otherwise actuated, to move freely and
without impediment (whether for change of shuttle or other purpose). To
the end of the picker is attached a cord or strap of any suitable material,
which passes over a pulley or bowl on a stud affixed to the hand rail or other
convenient part of the loom, and thence to the picking stick, to which it is
made fast, so that as the picking stick returns from the act of propelling the
shuttle, the cord or strap is at once acted upon by the picking stick, and
draws the picker quickly back to the end of the spindle, thus attaining an
important object without any additional power or space being required.
Secondly, in a new and improved method of preventing the weft threads of
different shuttles from interfering with the action of the weft fork. To the
lay of the loom or sword thereof, is affixed a plate, in which an upright
sliding bar, with a fork attached thereto, strides or spans the ordinary weft

page_text: fork, and which either lifts the weft above the race of the shuttle, or lowers it
into the recess formed in the bottom of the lay, according as the bar and fork
are acted upon by a lever working on a stud made fast to the said plate in
which the fork slides, or to the frame of the oscillating box, and which said
lever derives its motion from the finger attached to the shaft or axis of
oscillation, by which motion the said fork is made to perform the before-
mentioned act, and so attains the desired object.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PRE- PARING OR ARRANGING POTATOES FOR SALE
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Anderson at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 5th October
1860.
I, JAMES ANDERSON, of Newton, in the County of Ayr, North Britain, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PRE-
PARING OR ARRANGING POTATOES FOR SALE," to be as follows, that is to say:-
This Invention relates to the preparing or arranging of potatoes for sale, so
that the price may be more accurately adjusted to the quality than hitherto, to
the advantage of both seller and buyer; and whereas it is considered that the
quality or value of different lots or portions of potatoes corresponds more or
less to their respective specific gravity, it is by this Invention proposed to
classify the potatoes according to the specific gravity of each lot or portion
ascertained in any convenient way, and to apply by ticket, or in any convenient
way, marks or indications showing the respective specific gravities or other
distinctions deduced therefrom.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN POWER LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Carey Willard Pierce and
George Frederick Stanley Isherwood at the Office of the Commissioners
of Patents, with their Petition, on the 18th July 1860.
We, THOMAS CAREY WILLARD PIERCE, of Manchester, in the County of
Lancaster, Merchant, and GEORGE FREDERICK STANLEY ISHERWOOD, of the
same Place, Engraver, do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention
for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN POWER LOOMS FOR WEAVING," to be as follows:-
Our improvements are designed for the purpose of weaving two, three, or
more pieces of cloth or fabric in one loom, such two, three, or more pieces
being separately and independently manufactured in the ordinary horizontal
position, and one above another.
Our Invention for accomplishing the above-named purpose consists in the
novel and peculiar construction and arrangement of the loom, and also in the
adaptation of the same to the object required. We employ all the ordinary
essential automatic features of the common power loom, and supply the same
with two, or say three (for example), sets of warp threads (which may either
proceed from one or three warp beams or rollers), three sets of healds or
harness, three heights or places of threads through the reed, and three distinct
shuttles, one for each weft thread, but all three may run upon one slay or
lathe, so as to beat up all at once, and thus to weave or make three (or more)
separate and perfect pieces in one loom, and at one operation.
AN IMPROVED WATERPROOF CEMENT OR COM- POSITION
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Auguste Brocchi at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 5th October
1860.
I, AUGUSTE BROCCHI, of Rue Racine, Paris, Engineer, do hereby declare
the nature of the Invention for "AN IMPROVED WATERPROOF CEMENT OR COM-
POSITION," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object an improved waterproof cement or com-
position. For this purpose the pitch of oil, boghead, or peat, is distilled at
as low a temperature as possible, and from 20 to 30 per cent., or thereabout,
according to the quality of the pitch, is drawn over, with this quickline and
powdered sulphur is stirred in and thoroughly mixed; this mixture is kept at
a considerable heat until it is found that a sample drawn from it is when cold
hard and brittle, and it is on the maintaining a suitable temperature for a
proper and sufficient time that the success of the operation in great part
depends. The vapours passing off while the composition is maintained at a
high temperature may be condensed in a suitable condenser. The cement or
composition thus prepared is, when mixed with sand or gravel, very suitable
for use as a pavement; it may also be applied to the bottoms of ships, and to
other surfaces, which it is desired to protect from water or moisture; it will
be found to adhere firmly to surfaces to which it may be applied, and it is
applicable for many useful purposes.