THE APPLICATION OF GLASS AND ENAMEL TO THE FLYERS AND OTHER PARTS OF MACHINERY USED IN THE PREPARING, SPINNING, DOUBLING, WINDING, WARPING, DRESSING, AND WEAVING OF COTTON, WOOL, FLAX, SILK, AND OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS
Year: 1852

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Healey, of Bolton-le-Moors, in the
County of Lancaster, Spindle Maker, for the Invention of "THE
APPLICATION OF GLASS AND ENAMEL TO THE FLYERS AND OTHER PARTS OF
MACHINERY USED IN THE PREPARING, SPINNING, DOUBLING, WINDING,
WARPING, DRESSING, AND WEAVING OF COTTON, WOOL, FLAX, SILK, AND
OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS."
Scaled the 10th June 1853, and dated the 16th December 1852.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Healey at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 16th December 1852.
I, JOHN HEALEY, of Bolton-le-Moors, in the County of Lancaster, .
Spindle Maker, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "THE APPLICATION OF GLASS AND ENAMEL TO THE FLYERS AND OTHER PARTS
OF MACHINERY USED IN THE PREPARING, SPINNING, DOUBLING, WINDING, WARP-
ING, DRESSING, AND WEAVING OF COTTON, WOOL, FLAX, SILK, AND OTHER
FIBROUS MATERIALS," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in making the flyers of steel, iron, or other

page_text: suitable material, and then coating them with glass or enamel, or in
making them partly of steel or iron or other suitable material, &
substituting glass or a similar substance for the remaining parts.
This is equally applicable to spindles, guides, rollers, and other parts
of machinery.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters
Patent, filed by the said John Healey in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 16th June 1853.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I,
JOHN HEALEY, of Bolton-le-Moors, in the County of Lancaster, Spin-
dle Maker, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Sixteenth day of December, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-two, in the
sixteenth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and suc-
cessors, give and grant unto me, the said John Healey, Her especial
license that I, the said John Healey, my executors, administrators,
and assigns, or such others as I, the said John Healey, my execu-
tors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and
no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during
the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
"THE APPLICATION OF GLASS AND ENAMEL TO THE FLYERS AND OTHER PARTS OF
MACHINERY USED IN THE PREPARING, SPINNING, DOUBLING, WINDING, WARP-
ING, DRESSING, AND WEAVING OF COTTON, WOOL, FLAX, SILK, AND OTHER
FIBROUS MATERIALS," upon the condition (amongst others) that I,
the said John Healey, by an instrument in writing under my hand
and seal, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of
the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be per-
formed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent
Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the
date of the said Letters Patent.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said John Healey, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascer-
tained in and by the following statement (that is to say):
The nature of my Invention relates to the application of glass or
enamel, or both, to certain parts of machinery used in the manufac-
ture of textile fabrics, having for its object the protection of those
parts to which it is applied from oxidation or rust, especially when
operating upon wet or damp materials, besides giving to such parts
additional hardness and smoothness. The enamels which may be
used are various, but I prefer those (for some parts such as flyers)
which do not require great heat in their application, as too much
heat affects the nature of the steel when that metal is used for
flyers; but in some of the articles to which I apply it this need not
be taken into consideration. The enamel which I prefer to use is
composed by weight of eighty parts of fine ground glass, twelve
parts of calx of lead, three parts calx of tin, and five parts salt of
tartar;
these ingredients are compounded together with water suffi-
cient to make it of the consistency of paste. The articles are coated
with this mixture, and then exposed to the action of a furnace, but
for some articles, such as flyers, I prefer to use the blow pipe. The
above enamel I find suitable for all the articles herein-after men-
tioned, so far as the material is concerned; as by adding to the
quantity of calx of lead and diminishing the quantity of tin, it will
be rendered more soft and fusible, and by diminishing the quantity
of calx of lead and adding to the quantity of calx of tin, it will be
rendered less fusible and harder; thus the composition can be
readily tempered to suit the article. I sometimes use glass alone as
an enamel, but it requires great heat in its application, and as I have
before said, a variety of enamels may be used; and I do not confine
myself to those mentioned, as the composition and mode of applying
enamels forms no part of my Invention, and as the nature of enamels
and manner of their application to metals are well known, I need not
add anything further in explanation. When I apply solid glass, I use
the blow pipe, which ordinary glass workers with that apparatus will

page_text: I
be able to accomplish, as there is nothing required beyond the usual
skill of such workmen. In machines for preparing fibrous materials for
spinning, my Invention consists (in the machines known as drawing
frames or "drawing machines ") in enamelling the "guide pins'
which conduct the slivers to the rollers (which are usually made of
iron) and also the funnels through which the slivers after leaving
the rollers pass, and are collected together, making such funnels of
iron. In spinning and doubling in the machines known as throstle
or water frames, and in doubling frames, my Invention is particularly
useful, especially in spinning or doubling of wet yarns. I prefer
to form the flyers of such machines of steel, and coat them with the
enamel herein-before referred unto, or I sometimes make the flyers
of steel, in every respect as ordinary flyers, except that the "curl"
and about a quarter of an inch up each leg is formed wholly of
glass, which is attached to the steel leg by the glass surrounding
about a quarter of an inch of the leg, in the socket form. The
remainder of the flyer is coated with enamel as already explained.
propose also to coat the "blades" of the spindles, or so much as
require it, with enamel. Another improvement in these machines is
in constructing the top back rollers, between which the fibrous ma-
terial passes in spinning, and doubling frames of iron, and coating
them with enamel, which may be of a hard nature as the amount of
licat in its application is not of material consequence. In winding
machines my Invention consists in making the skewers which hold
the cops of yarn to be wound of steel, and coating them with
enainel. In warping machines it consists in enamelling the "eyes"
of the "hecks" (the apparatus for dividing the threads), which will
add smoothness and hardness, rendering them less liable to be worn
into grooves by the action of the threads. In dressing machines it
consists in coating the small rollers which work in the size with
enamel, making then of wrought iron. In weaving it consists in
enamelling the tongue or skewer upon which the cap is fixed in the
shuttle, which will be useful in the weaving with wet or damp weft.
Having now described the nature of my Invention, and the manner
in which it may be performed, I claim as my Invention the improved
"

page_text: flyers for spinning or doubling cotton, wool, flax, silk, and other
fibrous materials, by coating such flyer, when made of the ordinary
form and of metal, with enamel, or when made partly of metal and
glass, as herein-before described. And I also claim as my Invention
the improvements in those parts of the machines herein-before re-
ferred to, and described by the application of glass or enamel, or
flyers for spinning or doubling cotton, wool, flax, silk, and other
fibrous materials, by coating such flyer, when made of the ordinary
form and of metal, with enamel, or when made partly of metal and
glass, as herein-before described. And I also claim as my Invention
the improvements in those parts of the machines herein-before re-
ferred to, and described by the application of glass or enamel, or
both.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Healey, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Fifteenth day of June, One
thousand eight hundred and fifty-three.
Signed, sealed, and delivered by
the within named John Healey, in
the presence of
PETER J. LIVSEY,
Of Manchester.
JOHN HEALEY. (L.S.)