IMPROVEMENTS IN SHUTTLES FOR WEAVING
Year: 1869

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Garrett Tongue, of the Firm of Tongue
and Birkbeck, Patent Agents and Engineers, of 34, Southampton
Buildings, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex, for the
Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN SHUTTLES FOR WEAVING."-A com-
munication from abroad by Heinrich Scharm, of Schömberg, in the
Kingdom of Prussia.
Sealed the 13th August 1869, and dated the 14th June 1869.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Garrett Tongue
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 14th June 1869.
I, JOHN GARRETT TONGUE, of the Firm of Tongue and Birkbeck,
Patent Agents and Engineers, of 34, Southampton Buildings, Chancery
Lane, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN SHUTTLES FOR WEAVING," to be as
follows:-
This Invention relates to certain improved contrivances combined
with a shuttle for weaving, whereby in the process of weaving when a
warp thread or threads break or are so disarranged as not to form a clear

page_text: shed the weft thread is at once cut or broken, the cutting or breaking of
the weft thread causing the "weft stopping motion" to act at once to
stop the loom. The cutting or breaking apparatus is so arranged as to
act whichever may be the direction in which the shuttle is travelling.
The improved apparatus for cutting or breaking the thread is enclosed
in recesses formed in the sides and bottom of the shuttle. A pair of
scissors or clips are arranged to act within a suitable recess formed in
the eye of the shuttle and so as to sever or break the weft thread when
a derangement occurs in the warp during the process of weaving. The
two blades of the scissors are connected by a pin joint. The arm of
each scissor blade is prolonged beyond the pin joint upon which it
turns, and the blades of the scissors are kept open by a spring inserted
between such arms. One of the arms of the scissors at the opposite
end to the cutting blade turns upon a pin joint or fulcrum in the side
of the shuttle, while the back of the other scissor blade comes in contact
with a pin in the side of the shuttle. The recess in the side of the
shuttle within which the scissors are enclosed is so formed as to retain
the scissors in a suitable position when opened. When pressure is
applied to the scissors the fulcrum pin in the one arm and the pin at
the back of one of the scissor blades act to close the scissors, which then
cut or break the weft thread in its passage through the eye of the
shuttle. The opposite side of the shuttle to that in which the scissors
are arranged to act is cut down at one part in the form of a segment of
a circle, and a recess is formed within the side of the shuttle. In the
last-mentioned recess two levers are arranged to operate, such levers
turning upon pin joints or fulcrums in the side of the shuttle. One
end of one of the last-named levers projects upwards through a slot in
the upper edge of the side of the shuttle, and forms a finger lever or
pin, the end of which when the lever is in the vertical or central
position is in the same plane or thereabouts with the upper side of the
'shuttle, and when this finger or pin is pushed to the right or left the
above-named scissors are closed and the weft is severed or broken.
The end of the finger lever within the recess at the side of the shuttle is
formed with cam or tangential surfaces which act against a second lever,
and so that when the finger is placed either in the vertical position or
is inclined to either side such surfaces together with the force exerted
by the spring for opening the scissors act to retain the finger lever in
either of such positions. The finger lever may be formed with three
tangential retaining surfaces acting against a straight surface on the

page_text: second lever, or the finger lever may be formed with two tangential
retaining surfaces acting in a suitable recess formed in the second lever.
In the recess formed on that side of the shuttle opposite to the eye
there is a second lever before referred to, against one end of which the
tangential surfaces on the finger lever act, such second lever turning
upon a fulcrum between its two ends. The other end of this second
lever acts against one end of a third lever arranged transversely of the
shuttle in a suitably formed recess, this third lever also turning upon a
pin or fulcrum between its two ends. The other end of this transverse
lever is so formed as to act upon the scissors, and when the finger lever
is turned to the right or the left the end of the transverse lever is
caused to press upon the scissors and close them, but upon the finger
lever being placed in a central or vertical position the spring before
referred to acts to open the scissors, and retain the finger lever in
the central position. When the shuttle is in use the finger lever is
placed in the central position with the scissors open, and the parts retain
this position until the threads of warp become disarranged by breaking
or otherwise, when a disarranged thread or threads of the warp will
catch and move the finger lever to one side or the other (according to
the direction in which the shuttle is moving), the scissors will be closed;
the weft cut or broken, and the movement of the loom arrested, by the
weft stopping motion.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions. of the Letters Patent;
filed by the said John Garrett Tongue in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 14th December 1869..
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOHN
GARRETT TONGUE, of the Firm of Tongue & Birkbeck, Patent Agents
and Engineers, of 34, Southampton. Buildings, Chancery Lanc, in the
County of Middlesex, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Fourteenth day of June; in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-nine, in the thirty-
second year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said John Garrett Tongue, Her special
licence that I, the said John Garrett Tongue, my executors, adminis

page_text: trators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said John Garrett
Tongue, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any
time agree with, and no others, from time to time and all times
thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN SHUTTLES FOR WEAVING," (a communication to me from
abroad by Heinrich Scharm, of Schömberg, in the Kingdom of Prussia,)
upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said John Garrett
Tongue, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing
under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly
describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in
the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent,
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said John Garrett Tongue; do hereby
deolare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement thereof, that is to say :-
This Invention relates to certain improved contrivances combined
with a shuttle for weaving, whereby in the process of weaving when
a warp thread or threads break or are so disarranged as not to form a
clear shed the weft thread is at once cut or broken, the outting or
breaking of the weft thread causing "the weft stopping motion" to act
at once to stop the loom. The cutting or breaking apparatus is so
arranged as to act whichever may he the direction in which the shuttle
is travelling.
And in order that this Invention may be readily understood and
carried into practice I will proceed to describe the Drawings hereunto,
annexed.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Figures 1 and 2 are side views, Figure 3 an under side view, Figure 4
a plan, and Figure 5 a transverse section at the line 1-2, of Figure 4 of a
shuttle provided with mechanism constructed according to this Invention.
The improved apparatus for cutting or breaking the thread is enclosed
in recesses formed in the sides and bottom of the shuttle. A pair of
scissors or clips a, a¹, are arranged to act within a suitable recess formed

page_text: in the eye b of the shuttle, and so as to sever or break the weft thread
when a derangement occurs in the warp during the process of weaving.
Separate views of the eye b are shown at Figure 6. The two blades
a, a', of the scissors are connected by a pin joint as... The arm of each
scissor blade is prolonged beyond the pin joint as upon which it turns,
and the blades of the scissors are kept open by a spring a³ inserted
between such arms. One of the arms a¹ of the scissors at the opposite
end to the cutting blade turns upon a pin joint or fulcrum a* in the
side of the shuttle, while the back of the other scissor blade a comes in
contact with a pin b¹ in the side of the shuttle. The recess in the side
of the shuttle within which the scissors are enclosed is so formed as to
retain the scissors in a suitable position when opened. When pressure
is applied to the scissors the fulcrum pin a* in the one arm and the
pin 6 at the back of one of the scissor blades act to close the scissors,
which then cut or break the weft thread in its passage through the eye
b of the shuttle. The opposite side of the shuttle to that in which the
scissors are arranged to act is cut down at one part 6s in the form of a
segment of a circle, and a recess is formed within the side of the shuttle.
In the last-mentioned recess two levers c and d are arranged to operate,
such levers turning upon pin joints or fulcrums c¹ and d¹ in the side of
the shuttle. One end of the lever c projects upwards through a slot in
the upper edge of the side of the shuttle and forms a finger lever or
pin, the end of which when the lever is in the vertical or central position
is in the same plane or thereabouts with the upper side of the shuttle,
and when this finger or pin is pushed to the right or left the scissors a, a',
are closed and the weft is severed or broken. The end of the finger lever
within the recess at the side of the shuttle is formed with cam or
tangential surfaces which act against a second lever d, and so that when
the finger is placed in the vertical position or is inclined to either side
such surfaces (together with the force exerted by the spring a³ for opening
the scissors a, a¹,) act to retain the finger lever in either of such positions.
The finger lever may be formed with three tangential retaining surfaces
acting against a straight surface on the second lever, as shewn in Figure 1,
or the finger lever may be formed with two tangential retaining surfaces
acting in a suitable recess formed in the second lever, as shewn at
Figure 7. In the recess formed in that side of the shuttle opposite to the
eye there is a second lever d before referred to, against the end of which
the tangential surfaces on the finger lever c act, such second lever d
turning upon a fulcrum d¹ between its two ends. The other end of this

page_text: second lever d acts against one end of a third lever e arranged transversely
of the shuttle in a suitably formed recess, this third lever also turning
upon a pin or fulcrum e¹ between its two ends. The other end of this
transverse lever e is so formed as to act upon the scissors a, a³, and
when the finger lever c is turned to the right or the left the end of the
transverse lever e is caused to press upon the scissors a, a¹, and close them;
but upon the finger lever c being placed in a central or vertical position
the spring as before referred to acts to open the scissors a, a¹, and retain
the finger lever c in the central position. When the shuttle is in use
the finger lever c is placed in the central position with the scissors a, a¹,
open, and the parts retain this position until the threads of warp become
disarranged by breaking or otherwise, when a disarranged thread or threads
of the weft will catch and move the finger lever c to one side or the other
(according to the direction in which the shuttle is moving), the scissors
a, a¹, will be closed, the weft cut or broken, and the movement of the loom
arrested by the "weft stopping motion."
с
Having now described the nature of this Invention, and the method of
carrying the same into operation, I would have it understood that the
form and material of a shuttle having this Invention applied thereto may
be greatly varied, and that the recesses in the sides or other parts of the
shuttles for holding the lever mechanism may be variously formed and
may be covered by metal plates by which the mechanism may be carried.
What is claimed under the herein-before in part recited Letters Patent is,
the arrangement of mechanism and instruments in a shuttle for cutting
or breaking a weft thread, as and for the purposes herein-before described
and shewn in the accompanying Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Garrett Tongue, have here-
unto set my hand and seal, this Thirteenth day of December,
in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-
nine.
JOHN GARRETT TONGUE. (L.S.)