Year: 1887

page_text: In weaving ordinary two-ply ingrain or Scotch carpet, four sets of warp ends and
four weft yarns or threads are usually employed, two of the said weft yarns forming
the figure and the other two forming the ground, each of the figure yarns having
working relations with one of the ground yarns, these yarns being so arranged as that
when one of the two yarns for example the figure yarn appears upon the face of the
fabric the other which I will term its mate appears on the back of the fabric the figure
yarn appearing upon the back when its mate the ground yarn appears upon the face.
This will be understood on reference to Fig. 1, which illustrates the old manner of
weaving.
By way of example I will suppose the figuring weft yarns to be red and black, and
to be indicated by the letters R and B, and the ground weft yarns to be white
and olive, and to be indicated by the letters W and O.
that
It will be observed that the red and white weft yarns are mate or mated yarns,
is to say one appears upon the back when the other is upon the face, the black and
olive weft yarns being similarly mated. This result is necessitated in the usual
manner of weaving two ply Scotch or ingrain carpets, owing to the manner in which
the warp yarns are operated. There are four sets of warp ends or yarns-two for the
ground and two for the figure and these ends are usually of the same colours as
the weft yarns each weft yarn, where it appears on the face of the fabric, being bound
by a warp end of its own colour.
In the diagram, the letters r, b, w, o, indicate respectively the red, black, white and
olive warp ends.
There is in the ordinary loom for weaving the fabric a lifter-board for the ground
warps, and a lifter board for the figure warps, and also a harness shaft or heald for
each of the four warps, and there is but one operation of the jacquard needles
for every two picks of the loom, there being an operation of the ground and figure
lifter boards in alternate succession between the operations of the jacquard needles.
Each of the jacquard needles controls two mails, one connected with a figuring warp
of one or more sets and the other with the mate ground warp yarn, and the lifter
boards are so constructed as that when the figuring mail of the needle is adjusted so
as to be lifted by the figure lifter board, the ground mail will not be acted upon by
the ground lifter board when it rises. The weft yarns are inserted in a certain order
such for instance as that indicated by the numerals applied to the threads in the
drawings the order therein illustrated being white, red, olive, black, and this order
being repeated.
In Fig. 1 of the drawings I have illustrated the full number of changes rendered
possible by the old method of weaving, the first section which comprises the first four
picks numbered 1 to 4 showing the ground yarns up, the section comprising the next
four picks, showing the figure yarns up, and the third section showing what are known
"shot-about "effects, or part figure and part ground, these effects being produced
by a reversal in the order of lifting the warp ends.
as
I have considered it advisable to furnish a detailed statement of the operations of
the loom necessary in weaving a piece of fabric of the character shown, as this will

page_text: In the carrying into effect of my Invention I discard the usual plan of operating
the jacquard needles but once for every two picks and instead operate the said needles
for each and every pick of the loom so that by duplicating and properly punching the
cards, and without interfering with the usual order of insertion of the weft yarns or
threads the warps may be so operated as to permit the bringing of any desired yarns
of the set side by side on the same face of the fabric as indicated in Fig. of the
drawings, instead of disposing the mated threads one above another, as in Fig. 1. 1
may dispense with the usual harness shafts or healds of the loom, and lift all of the
warp yarns or ends for cach pick by means of a single lifter board, but I prefer to
employ the same loom as is now employed 'for weaving two ply ingrain carpet, the
only change necessary being in mechanism for operating the jacquard cylinder and
the use of double the number of cards formerly employed.
It will be understood that the new arrangement of yarns or threads is adopted only
in those portions of the fabric in which the pattern requires the new effect or novel
distribution of colours attained by my invention. The relation of the mated yarns to
cach other in other portions of the fabric may remain as at present.
I am aware that in making an ordinary ingrain carpet mated yarns necessarily
appear side by side for a very limited distance where the figure changes and the yarns
are crowded together; but this appearance is not intentional, and does not form a
definod part of the pattern, and hence is distinct from my invention, in which the
appearance of the mated yarns side by side upon the same face forms a definite feature
of the pattern, and is brought about by a definite and novel operation of the warp
threads. For instance, in Fig. 3 I have shown a pattern in which the portions aro
ground, the portion figure, the portion 2 shot about effects and the portions
mated yarn effects.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I claim is :-
1. A two-ply grain or Scotch carpet fabric in which mated weft yarns appear side
by side on the same face of the fabric where it is double-ply, and form a part of the
pattern of the fabric substantially as set forth and indicated..
2. The improved method of weaving multiple-ply fabrics consisting in controlling
mate warp ends of the ground and figure warps by one needle, introducing the weft
in order to suit the pattern operating the ground and figure lifters alternately, one for
each pick, and operating the needles of the jacquard before each pick, substantially as
set forth and indicated.
Dated this 50th day of Manch 1007