IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1869

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Edward Thomas Hughes, of the Firm of Hughes
and Son, Patent Agents, 123, Chancery Lane, London, for the
Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING."-A com-
munication from abroad by Nathan Adolphus Baldwin, of Milford,
New Haven, United States of America.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Edward Thomas Hughes
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 18th August 1869.
I, EDWARD THOMAS HUGHES, of the Firm of Hughes and Son, Patent
Agents, 123, Chancery Lane, London, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING," a
munication to me from abroad by Nathan Adolphus Baldwin, of Milford,
New Haven, United States of America, to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to improvements in looms, the object being
the construction of a machine so as to attain the rapid movement of
the parts, and consequently increased rapidity in weaving.

page_text: And the Invention consists, first, in the arrangement of an eye-
pointed warp thread carrier combined with a shuttle moving in a plane
transversely across the path of the needle at the opposite edge of the
web to which the needle enters, and so that the thread carried by the
shuttle will interlace with the thread of the needle, the thread being
held while the needle returns, thus laying two filling threads to each
shed of the warps; also in mechanism to facilitate the rapid operation
of the machine.
To enable others skilled in the art to use and construct my Invention
I will proceed to describe the same as illustrated in the accompanying
Drawings, in which Fig. 1 is a top view of the machine; Figs. 2 and 3,
detached views illustrating the operation of the stop motion; Fig. 4, a
right-hand side view; Fig. 5, a front view; and Fig. 6, a left-hand side view.
A is the left-hand, B the right-hand side of the frame of the machine,
here represented as arranged in a bed plate; C, D, is the driving shaft,
supported in suitable bearings on the frame in which it revolves freely
and is driven by the application of power thereto through the fixed
pulley D', a loose pulley D is arranged on the same shaft, on to which
the belt is shipped when it is desired to stop the machine, in similar
manner as tight and loose pulleys are usually arranged; E is the needle
arranged in a suitable guide E¹, so as to move transversely across the
machine by the action of the cam E through a lever E³, connecting the
said cam with the needle, here arranged so that the needle will be
thrown across and return to each revolution of the shaft D; F is the
shuttle race arranged in a plane transverse to the path of the needle,
and in the said race the shuttle S is placed in a carrier F, which is
operated by a cam F through levers F and F and connecting rod F³,
as seen in Figs. 1 and 6, the said shuttle moving in its race relatively
to the movement of the needle in similar manner as in sewing machines.
The shuttle is held in its holder by two swinging arms a and d, see
Figs. 1 and 6, the said arm a turning from over the head, as denoted
in red, Fig. 1, and the arm d up from the heel, as denoted in blue,
Fig. 6, so that the shuttle can be removed, and when the shuttle is
placed in the holder, then the arms a and d are turned over so as to
hold the shuttle securely; G, G, are guides from the reed frames g, which
move freely up and down in their respective guides by the action of the
cams G', as seen in Fig. 4, the said cams being arranged on a shaft G',

page_text: and geared so as to make one revolution to two revolutions of the driving
shaft, as seen in Figs. 4 and 6; H is a beater hung below to the frame
at h, and operated by a cam H' on the driving shaft, and so as to have
one full movement to each revolution of the shaft D. The warp threads
are arranged upon a beam I and passed through the reeds and beater
and to the cloth beam L in the usual manner, thus it will be seen that
by the movement of the parts divided relatively to cach other at each
shed of the warps the needle carrying a filling thread will pass through
the shed of the warps, and the needle thread caught by the shuttle will
be introduced with the needle thread and the needle return, leaving
two warp threads between the shed at each beat..
It will also be evident to those skilled in the art of weaving that
several needles may be arranged so that either of the said several needles
may at the proper time be introduced to carry its own respective thread
through the shed, each needle carrying a different color, would make
striped, plaided, or mixed work, according to the nature of the warps.
The filling or needle thread is formed over a. tension. N, thence to a
take-up n, thence to an eye n¹ on the needle guide, and thence to the
eye of the needle, as denoted by broken lines, Fig. 1. The take-up n
is arranged upon a coil spring at its pivot m, so as to throw back from
the eye n whenever the thread is slackened, and thus maintain an even
tension upon the filling or needle thread. The feed takes up the cloth
or web as fast as it is woven, and is arranged in the following manner :-
Beneath the cloth beam is arranged a shaft L', upon which is an india-
rubber (or similar material) cylinder L, and upon the shaft a wheel L'
is firmly fixed, as seen in Figs. 5 and 6, and hung upon the shaft beside
the wheel is arranged a lever L' operated by a cam L; on 'the said
lever is arranged a shoc l, as seen in Fig. 6, bearing against the surface
of the wheel L, so that as the lever is depressed the said shoe bearing.
against the surface of the wheel will cause the wheel to be turned just so.
far as the lever is depressed at the surface of the wheel, and this is
adjusted by the set screw M, the extent of the downward throw of the lever
being governed by the full throw of the cam; the return of the lever is
adjusted by the said set screw M. In this arrangement a most delicate
adjustment may be attained. The cloth as it is woven is wound round
the cylinder LP, then around the beam.L, the friction of the cylinder upon
the cloth serving to draw the cloth as far as it is woven, and also to turn
the cloth beam to and upon the cloth. A check to the return of the

page_text: wheel I is made by the pall P, arranged so as to clamp upon the surface
of the wheel to prevent its return, and just so as to permit its free
onward movement. As it is essential to good work that the machine
should be stopped when the filling thread is broken I place a belt
shipper R on the frame, as seen in Figs. 2 and 3, Fig. 2 being a top
view and Fig. 3 a front view. The shipper is forked, so as to throw
the belt from one pulley to the other, as the case may be, its free
position being upon the loose pulley. T is a lever or latch hung so
as to throw the belt on to the fixed pulley, the said latch will drop
behind a shoulder t on the said shipper and hold the shipper in that
position, but when the latch T is raised free from the shoulder t,
then the shipper will by. the reaction of a spring or its equivalent
attached thereto be thrown out, so as to carry the belt on to the
loose pulley, and thus arrest the movement of the machine. To
make this stoppage automatic when the filling thread shall break I
arrange upon the latch T a trip r, to which an arm U is attached,
extending so that when the take-up n flies back free it will strike the
said arm U and throw the said arm with the trip to one side, as denoted
in red, Figs. 2 and 3, then upon the shaft D, or upon one of the
cams H¹ I form a slight projection W, which as the cam revolves will
when the trip is thrown out strike the trip and raise the latch T so as
to loose the shipper, but so long as the needle thread is whole and
through the take-up n the cam will revolve without striking the trip,
but whenever the thread becomes too slack or broken, or from any
defect permits the take-up to fly back the machine will be stopped,
and this will occur as well when the shuttle thread breaks or fails to
take the needle thread, or when the needle thread breaks, or if the
needle thread is not caught upon the opposite side, then the return of
the needle slackens the thread so as to free the take-up.

page_text: WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Eighteenth day of August, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-nine, in the thirty-third
year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and
grant unto me, the said Edward Thomas Hughes, Her special licence that
I, the said Edward Thomas Hughes, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, or such others as I, the said Edward Thomas Hughes, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and
no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
LOOMS FOR WEAVING," a communication to me from abroad by Nathan
Adolphus Baldwin, of Milford, New Haven, United States of America,
upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Edward Thomas
Hughes, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing
under, my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly
describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed
in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Edward Thomas Hughes, do.hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement and accompanying two Sheets of Drawings
(that is to say):
This Invention relates to improvements in looms, the object being
the construction of a machine so as to attain the rapid movement of
the parts, and consequently increased rapidity in weaving.
And the Invention consists, first, in the arrangement of an eye-pointed
warp thread carrier combined with a shuttle moving in a plane trans-
versely across the path of the needle at the opposite edge of the web to
which the needle enters, and so that the thread carried by the shuttle will
interlace with the thread of the needle, the thread being held while the
needle returns, thus laying two filling threads to cach shed of the
warps; also in mechanism to facilitate the rapid operation of the
machine.

page_text: I will proceed to describe the same as illustrated in the accompanying
Drawings, in which Fig. 1 is a top view of the machine; Figs. 2 and 3,
detached views to illustrate the operation of the stop motion; Fig. 4, a
right-hand side view; Fig 5, a front view; and Fig. 6, a left-hand side
view.
A is the left-hand, B the right-hand side of the frame of the machine,
here represented as arranged in a bed plate C; D is the driving shaft
supported in suitable bearings on the frame, in which it revolves freely,
and is driven by the application of power thereto through the fixed
pulley D'; a loose pulley D2 is arranged on the same shaft, on to which
the belt is shipped when it is desired to stop the machine, in similar
manner as tight and loose pulleys are usually arranged; E is the needle
arranged in a suitable guide E', so as to move transversely across the
machine by the action of the cam E³, through a lever E³, connecting the
said cam with the needle, here arranged so that the needle will be
thrown across and return to each revolution of the shaft D%; F is the
shuttle race arranged in a plane transverse to the path of the needle,
and in the said race the shuttle S is placed in a carrier F", which is
operated by a cam F through levers F and F and connecting rod F³,
as seen in Figs. 1 and 6, the said shuttle moving in its race relatively
to the movement of the needle, in similar manner as in sewing machines.
The shuttle is held in its holder by two swinging arms a and d, see
Figs. 1 and 6, the said arm a turning from over the head, as denoted in
red, Fig. 1, and the arm d up from the heel, as denoted in blue, Fig. 6,
so that the shuttle can be removed, and when the shuttle is placed in
the holder, then the arms a and d are turned over so as to hold the
shuttle securly. G, G, are guides for the reed frame g, which moves
freely up and down in their respective guides by the action of the
cams G', as seen in Fig. 4, the said cams being arranged on a shaft G*,
and geared so as to make one revolution to two revolutions of the
driving shaft, as seen in Figs. 4 and 6; H is a beater hung below to the
frame at h, and operated by a cam H' on the driving shaft, and so as
to have one full movement to each revolution of the shaft D. The
warp threads are arranged upon a beam I, and passed through the reeds
and beater and to the cloth beam L in the usual manner, thus it will
be seen that by the movement of the parts divided relatively to each

page_text: other at each shed of the warps the needle carrying a filling thread
will pass through the shed of the warps, and the needle thread caught
by the shuttle will be introduced with the needle thread, and the needle
return, leaving two warp threads between the shed at each beat.
It will also be evident to those skilled in the art of weaving that
several needles may be arranged so that either of the said several needles
may at the proper time be introduced to carry its own respective thread
through the shed; each needle carrying a different color would make
striped, plaided, or mixed work according to the nature of the warps.
The filling or needle thread is formed over a tension N, thence to a
take-up n, then to an eye n³ on the needle guide, and thence to. the eye
of the needle; as denoted by broken lines, Fig. 1. The take-up n is
arranged upon a coil spring at its pivot m, so as to throw back from
the eye n' whenever the thread is slackened, and thus maintain an even
tension upon the filling or needle thread. The feed takes up the cloth
or web as fast as it is woven, and is arranged in the following manner:
Beneath the cloth beam is arranged a shaft L', upon which is an india-
rubber (or similar material) cylinder L³, and upon the shaft a wheel I'
is firmly fixed, as seen in Figs. 5 and 6, and hung upon the shaft
beside the wheel is arranged a lever L' operated by a cam L'; on the
said lever is arranged a shoe 2, as seen in Fig. 6, bearing against the
surface of the wheel I, so that as the lever is depressed, the said shoe
bearing against the surface of the wheel will cause the wheel to be
turned just so far as the lever is depressed at the surface of the wheel,
and this is adjusted by the set screw M, the extent of the downward
throw of the lever being governed by the full throw of the cam; the
return of the lever is adjusted by the said set screw M. In this arrange-
ment a most delicate adjustment may be attained. The cloth as it is
woven is wound around the cylinder L, then around the beam L, the
friction of the cylinder upon the cloth serving to draw the cloth as far
as it is woven, and also to turn the cloth beam to and upon the cloth.
A check to the return of the wheel L³ is made by the pawl P, arranged
so as to clamp upon the surface of the wheel to prevent its return, and.
just so as to permit its free onward movement. As it is essential to,
good work that the machine should be stopped when the filling thread
is broken I place a belt shipper R on the frame, as seen in Figs. 2 and 3,
Fig. 2 being a top view and Fig. 3 a front view. The shipper is forked

page_text: so as to throw the belt from one pulley to the other, as the case may be;
its free position being upon the loose pulley. T is a lever or latch
hung so as to throw the belt on to the fixed pulley, the said latch will
drop behind a shoulder t on the said shipper and hold it in that position,
but when the latch T is raised free from the shoulder then the shipper
will, by the reaction of a spring or its equivalent attached thereto, be
thrown out so as to carry the belt on to the loose pulley, and thus arrest
the movement of the machine. To make this stoppage automatic when
the filling thread breaks I arrange upon the latch Ta trip r, to which
an arm U is attached, extending so that when the take-up n flys back
free it will strike the said arm U and throw the said arm with the
trip to one side, as denoted in red, Figs. 2 and 3, then upon the shaft D;
or upon one of the cams H' I form a slight projection W, which as the
cam revolves will, when the trip is thrown out, strike the trip and raise
the latch T, so as to loose the shipper, but so long as the needle thread
is whole and through the take-up n the cam will revolve without
striking the trip, but whenever the thread becomes too slack or broken,
ör from any defect permits the take-up to fly back the machine will
be stopped, and this will occur as well when the shuttle thread breaks
or fails to take the needle thread, or when the needle thread breaks;
or if the needle thread is not caught upon the opposite side then the
return of the needle slackens the thread so as to free the take-up.
Having thus fully described this Invention, as communicated to me,
what I claim as new and useful and desire to secure by Letters Patent
.is,―
First. The combination in a loom of the eye-pointed needle traversing
across the warps at right angles combined with the shuttle working in a
fixed plane at right angles to the said needle and in a line parallel to the
warps, substantially as set forth.
4
Second. The arms a and d for holding the shuttle in its race and
permitting the removal of the same, substantially as herein described.
Third. In combination with the needle, arranged and operating as
described, I claim the take-up n, operating in and for the purpose set
forth.
Fourth. In combination with the cloth beam L, I claim, the elastic
cylinder L constructed and arranged so as to cause the winding of the
cloth upon the beam, substantially as described.

page_text: Fifth. The feed wheel I with the lever L and the pawl P, to operate
the take-up of the cloth, substantially as set forth.
Sixth. The shipper R, the latch T, combined with the take-up n,
so as to operate to release the shipper, substantially as set forth.
In witness whereof, I, the said Edward Thomas Hughes, have
hereunto set my hand and seal, this Eighteenth day of February,
in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy.