matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVED APPARATUS POR WINDING UP CLOCKS OR TIMEKEEPERS
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Nathaniel Richard Hall at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 14th
September 1860.
I, NATHANIEL RICHARD HALL, of Northfleet, in the County of Kent, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVED APPARATUS POR
WINDING UP CLOCKS OR TIMEKEEPERS," to be as follows (that is to say):
My Invention has reference to an improved apparatus for winding up clocks
or timekeepers, whereby the same may be wound up by the opening of the
door of the apartment, or otherwise, in which the same are fixed or situated
without requiring the attention of the domestics or others, as at present, and
consists in securing upon the end of the shaft of the main spring or axis of the
weight lines or cords, grooved wheels or pulleys, provided with teeth or pawls
upon the sides thereof, taking into ratchet wheels mounted upon the same axis,
to which motion is communicated upon the opening of the door through the
medium of a connecting line, cord, or other suitable contrivance, one end of
which is wound round and attached to the said pulley wheels, whilst the other
end is secured in any suitable position to the door in such manner, that upon
the door being opened the cord or otherwise may cause the said pulleys,
ratchet wheels, and shaft or axis to revolve, and thereby wind up the clock, the
said pulleys being caused to revolve in the contrary direction, and to return
to their original position upon the closing of the door, by means of springs or
other ordinary reacting mechanism in connection therewith, and the clock

page_text: prevented from being overwound, by the employment of stops, against which
the weights or otherwise impinge and throw the teeth or pawls upon the
pulleys out of gear with the ratchet wheels upon the clock being fully wound
up. The said line, cord, or other contrivance may in like manner be actuated
by means of a gate, turnstile, millwork, steam, or other motive agency.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CLEANING OF THE WASTE OF WOOL, SILKS, COTTONS, AND FLAX
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Pierre Aristide Gardrat at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 11th
April 1860.
I, PIERRE ARISTIDE GARDRAT, of Brussels, in the Kingdom of Belgium,
and 4, South Street, Finsbury, London, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CLEANING OF THE WASTE OF WOOL,
SILKS, COTTONS, AND FLAX," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists as follows:-First, I take about 2 lbs. avoirdupois
of sulphate of lime or plaster of Paris well baked and pulverized, and about
2 lbs. of refuse fat or grease, and mix the two together in a machine, known
by the name of drum, which is hermetically closed, and in which the wool,
silk, cotton, flax, or other analogous material is placed, and exposed to the
action of the mixture until the fatty matter combined with the silk or other
material to be cleaned passes into the sulphate of lime or plaster of Paris,
which takes hold of it and leaves the material free from grease and dirt.
Secondly, I take out of the first drum the waste materials which I intro-
duce into a second drum with an iron grating, to which a rotatory motion is
given to free them from a great portion of sulphate of lime remaining in them.
Thirdly, I draw the materials out of the second drum and place them on a
hurdle where I beat them until all the sulphate of lime is expelled.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CERTAIN KINDS OF SOAP
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Gossage at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 25th Septem-
ber 1860.
I, WILLIAM GOSSAGE, of Widnes, in the County of Lancaster, Chemist,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE MANUFACTURE OF CERTAIN KINDS OF SOAP," to be as follows:-
In the Specification which I filed in the Great Seal Patent Office in pur-
suance of the conditions of certain Letters Patent No. 392, dated the 13th
day of February 1860, granted to me for my Invention of "Improvements in
the Manufacture of Certain Kinds of Soap." I have claimed as of my In-
vention the manufacture of hard soaps from "goods" (this technical term
"goods" being used to designate the resinous, oily, and fatty matters, by the
use of which hard soaps are usually manufactured) consisting entirely or in
great part of resin, which manufacture is effected by causing such goods to
enter into combination with silicate of soda and caustic soda, or with silicate
of soda and carbonate of soda, or with silicate of soda and a mixture of caustic
soda and carbonate of soda.
Subsequently to the grant of such Letters Patent I have discovered that I
can substitute carbonate of soda either wholly or in part for silicate of soda,
in the manufacture of hard soaps from "goods" consisting entirely or in great
part of resin, and I can thereby produce serviceable hard soaps more
economically than when using silicate of soda for the production of such soaps.

page_text: The Invention for which I am now soliciting the grant of Letters Patent
consists in the substitution of carbonate of soda for silicate of soda in the manu-
facture of hard soaps from such " goods," as I have herein-before designated.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CASTORS
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Keen at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 24th August
1860.
I, WILLIAM KEEN, of Horton; near Slough, Bucks, do hereby declare, the:
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN CASTORS," to be; as;
follows:-
First, the castor is made in two distinct portable parts, (namely, the socket
or plate, and the horn or, wheel carriage with wheel,) or more, if necessary,
and is so arranged that the horn and its appurtenances may be removed at
pleasure without removing or otherwise disturbing the socket or plate.
Secondly, the socket or plate part is provided with a spindle, on which the
horn is mounted and turns round freely, and around which is made a groove
to receive the ends of one or more set screws or cross pins, which are made
to project through the side of the horn inwardly to connect the two parts
together.
Thirdly, the spindle may pass through the body of the horn or not, but by
preference it is made to pass only partially through, and is made to fit exactly
the hole in the body of the horn, and the bottom of it may be made conical,
spherical, or of any other shape that will tend to lessen the friction caused by
the working of the castor when in use. The socket or plate part and the
spindle may be cast or wrought together or separately of the same or different
materials, or one of them may be cast and the other wrought, or a wrought
spindle may be cast into the socket or plate. When the socket or plate and

page_text: the spindle are made in separate portions, the top part of the spindle may be
turned to a shoulder passed through the plate or the bottom of the socket, and
-rivetted or otherwise fixed thereto inside.
Fourthly, the wheel carriage or horn may be made in the ordinary way, but
by preference the hole in the body thereof is made only partially through, and
is so finished that the bottom of the spindle may rest on and fit the bottom of
the hole (by which means an equal bearing is provided on the bottom of the
spindle and on the shoulder under the collar, and the hole in the body of the
horn serves as a reservoir for oil or other lubricating medium to prevent
friction), and the horn is connected to the spindle by means of one or more set
screws or cross pins which pass through the side of the body of the horn, and
project into the groove provided in the spindle.
Fifthly, one or more collars may be inserted between the socket or plate
and the horn to facilitate the working of the castor and the bottom of the
socket or plate, and the top of the horn may be faced with antifrictional
materials, and, if necessary, a small friction wheel may be mounted on the
horn on which the bottom of the plate part will rest, and so equalize the
bearing and relieve the spindle.
And, lastly, this Invention is applicable to all kinds of castors upon which
articles of cabinet or household furniture are mounted, and castors thus made
are applicable to every article to which swivel castors can be applied.
UBING PLENUM' TO CREATE AN UN- LIMITED AND ALMOST GRATUITUOUS MOTIVE-POWER, AND ALSO THE MEANS BY WHICH THE SAME IS EFFECTED, BEING A NEW PRINCIPLE TO CREATE AN ILLIMITED MOTIVE- POWER
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Ange Jumelais at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 20th July
1860.
I, ANGE JUMELAIS, of Rennes, in the French Empire, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "UBING PLENUM' TO CREATE AN UN-
LIMITED AND ALMOST GRATUITUOUS MOTIVE-POWER, AND ALSO THE MEANS BY WHICH
THE SAME IS EFFECTED, BEING A NEW PRINCIPLE TO CREATE AN ILLIMITED MOTIVE-
POWER," to be as follows:-
The Invention consists in creating "plenum" by means of either bellowses,
pumps, ventillators, stream of water, or any other aspirating apparatus through
tubes of an indetermined length, form, or position, in which a free and full
column of atmospherical air produces simply by aspiration a power propor-
tionnate with its speed; that power may be used internally or externally. It
acts internally by draging with it along the tubes all divided substances and
even water, and externally by placing in the interior of the tube screws
(hélices), and Archimides screws put in rapid motion meerely by the
current of atmospherical air, and the axis of which screws transmit the power
externally.
THE APPLICATION OF A TRAVERSING SET-OFF SHEET TO GRIPPER PRINTING MACHINES OF ALL KINDS
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edwin Gaskill at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 24th September
1860.
I, EDWIN GASKILL, of 10, Sermon Lane, Doctor's Commons, in the City of
London, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "THE
APPLICATION OF A TRAVERSING SET-OFF SHEET TO GRIPPER PRINTING MACHINES OF
ALL KINDS," to be as follows:-
In the case of French machines, Maine's, Cassell's, & all cylinders of small
diameter, the Invention is applied by having (as in Fig. 1) fixed above the
machine, or in some other convenient position, a roller or rollers having
guiding reels on it, or one of them, and passing strips of paper, blanket, or
other material the width of the printed matter round the aforesaid roller or
rollers, & round the printing cylinder, the extremities of the set-off sheets or
blankets are to be joined, forming endless bands, which, in the working of the
machine, continually change their position. The grippers are made to work
in the heads of the pages, & are formed in such a manner that the tapes can
run through them, & so be out of the way of the traversing set-off sheet, as
shown in Fig. 1.
In the case of desideratum machines & cylinders of large diameter, the
Invention is applied by passing a set-off sheet of paper, blanket, or other
material having the extremities joined, so as to make it endless, round the
cylinder & inside the grippers, round a bar fixed in the cylinder, or round the
axle of the cylinder, this sheet traverses when the grippers open in the ordinary
working of the machine; a lateral motion is also given to the sheet by means

page_text: of a slight spring or other contrivance, whereby the sheet is guided gradually
from one side of the machine to the other, & back again, by which means the
efficiency of the apparatus is greatly increased, shown in Fig. 2.
Another application of the Invention is as follows:-A long set-off sheet of
paper, blanket, or other material has one end fastened to a roller fixed inside
the cylinder, (as shown in Drawing, Fig. 3,) the other end is passed round
the printing cylinder (as shown in Drawing by red line, Fig. 3,) under the
grippers, & round another roller also fixed in the cylinder, when the grippers
open a motion is communicated to the rollers (either by a ratchet, as shown,
or any other means,) by which the set-off sheet is gradually wound from one
roller to the other; when the set-off sheet which was wound on the one roller
has been by the ratchet motion (or other means) wound on to the other roller
the motion is reversed (as shown in the Drawing by . . dots,) & the sheet
travels back. This plan does away with the necessity of altering the grippers,
as shown in Fig. 1.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PRE- PARING THE BINE AND LEAVES OF THE HOP PLANT
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Horace Boys at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 26th October
1860.
I, HORACE BOYS, of the Downs, Northfleet, in the County of Kent, do
hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PRE-
PARING THE BINE AND LEAVES OF THE HOP PLANT," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in preparing the bine and
leaves of the hop plant, in order that they may be suitable for use in place of
or together with hops when brewing; for which purposes the bines and
leaves after the hops have been gathered therefrom are dried, and such drying
may be performed in the open air in fine weather, or by artificial means in bad
weather. The bines and leaves are then, by preference, stacked till required
for use, they are then cut into short lengths by chaff cutting or other suitable
machinery. The dried bines and leaves of hops may, when required to be
carried to distant places, be cut from a stack or otherwise made into the form
of trusses and pressed compactly before cutting them into short lengths, or
after so cutting they may be packed and pressed in pockets or other receivers
in order that they may occupy but small space when being transported.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SHEDS FOR SHEEP
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Thornton at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 6th November
1860.
I, HENRY THORNTON, of Wardington, Oxon, do hereby declare the nature of
the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN SHEDS FOR SHEEP," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in sheds for sheep. For
these purposes sheds are constructed, each by preference on four wheels, so
that the floor is raised some inches off the land, and so that such sheds
may readily be moved from place to place, as is desirable, particularly
when feeding off crops of turnips, or the sheds may be arranged to
receive troughs for oil cake or other food. It is preferred that the sheds
should be closed at the back and open in front. The ends are for the most
part open, so that the sheds may join on to each other into one long shed, and
those sheds which are made capable of being closed are only so at one end,
and then it is preferred that such end should open downwards, so as to form an
incline for the sheep to ascend to the floor of the shed. In order that such
sheds may occupy but comparatively a small space when out of use, and pack
one on the other, the uprights or posts which support the roofs are made to be
fixed by screws and nuts, or otherwise, to the floors and to the roofs. The
sheds may be made of wood, or of wood and metal.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF REELS. FOR REELING COTTON AND OTHER THREAD
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Coltman at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 28th May
1860.
I, THOMAS COLTMAN, of Gas Street, Leicester, do hereby declare the
nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF REELS.
FOR REELING COTTON AND OTHER THREAD," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in the manufacture of reels
for reeling cotton and other thread.
For these purposes the barrel of each reel, whether of wood or other material,.
is made with conical ends, in such manner that the smaller ends of the cones
are inwards, the larger ends being outwards, and the length of the coned ends
depends on the thickness of the ends which are to be fixed on the barrel. The
barrel on which the thread is wound may be of the same diameter as the larger.
ends of the cones, or of a diameter different thereto, according to the desire of
the parties manufacturing the same. The ends, whether of glass, china, ivory,
bone, or other material are each made with a hole through the centre, such
hole being of a conical form. The smaller diameter of the hole is such that
the larger diameter of a conical end of the barrel will pass through it; the
larger diameter of each hole is on the outer side of the end, the smaller
diameter being towards the barrel. In fixing an end on to a barrel, the end
having been placed on one of the coned ends of the barrel, the space between
the cone on the barrel and the hollow cone or hole in the end. is filled with a

page_text: strip of metal, by preference soft metal, of a thickness corresponding with
the space left around the coned end of the barrel and the conical hole through
which it is passed, and such metal is pressed tightly in such space; or in place
of using soft metal, cement, or other suitable material may be used.
IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM ENGINES AND BOILERS, AND IN THE MODE OR METHOD OF FORMING OB SHAPING SHEETS OR PLATES OF METAL FOR CERTAIN PARTS OF THE SAME
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Kitchen Hydes at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
7th November 1860.
I, WILLIAM KITCHEN HYDES, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN STEAM ENGINES AND BOILERS, AND IN THE MODE OR METHOD OF FORMING OB
SHAPING SHEETS OR PLATES OF METAL FOR CERTAIN PARTS OF THE SAME," to be as
follows:-
This Invention relates to the construction of surface condensers, and like
apparatus for raising and lowering the temperature of steam and other fluids
used in engines for obtaining motive power; to the construction of steam
boilers; to an arrangement of mechanism for rarefying air in the "up take;"
and supplying the same to boiler furnaces; and to the mode of shaping or
pressing plates of metal to be used in the construction of surface condensers,
boilers, and apparatus for the purposes above mentioned. The surface
condenser (as also apparatus for like purposes) is constructed of suitable
shape with a moveable lid or side to admit of examining the internal tubes,
which are arranged as follows:-Fastened or affixed to the outer of two tube
plates fitted inside the lid or side, are a number of small tubes open at both
or one end; these tubes slide into larger ones, fitted to the inner plate, and
leave an annular passage between the tubes. The steam from the cylinders
may pass down the small tubes, be condensed, and drawn off from the annular

page_text: space for feeding the boilers; or air pumps for creating a vacuum; pumps
for forcing or drawing a continuous supply of cold water, or any of the
methods used in connection with condensation may be used:-Through the
up take," I bring an air pipe or tube which leads to a fan properly fixed;
this fan when put in motion forces the air forward through twyeres placed
and opening into the sides of furnaces; to marine boilers and furnaces in
towns this arrangement is specially applicable, by the readiness with which
the necessary draft can be maintained.
In boilers and steam generators I use the same arrangement of tubes
as in the surface condenser, I allow the heated gases or flames from the
fuel to circulate amongst a number of vertical tubes placed or suspended
from the boiler over the fire; these tubes are open to the boiler, and give
considerable heating surface. The side of the fire box, and any other part where
heating surface and strength -combined are required, I secure by indenting
the plates at suitable distances apart.
My improved mode or method of forming or shaping the indented plates
consists of placing in a large frame a number of punches (in rows or other-
wise), and in bringing these to bear on the heated plate by hydraulic power;
the punches or stamps being opposite to indentures or dies in the bearing
plate.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF GAS FOR ILLUMINATING AND OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Allen Bassett at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 27th
February 1860.
I, JOHN ALLEN BASSETT, of Salem, Massachusetts, in the United States
of America, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE MANUFACTURE OF GAS FOR ILLUMINATING AND OTHER PURPOSES," to be as
follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in the manufacture of gas
for illuminating and other purposes, and consists in passing steam generated
in a suitable boiler or apparatus into a retort or vessel containing coke or
suitable material in a highly heated state, and also through heated pipes.
This treatment decomposes the steam, and converts it into an inflammable gas.
This gas after passing through a cooler (where any undecomposed steam is
condensed) is caused to bubble through a liquid and volatile hydrocarbon,
and is then again caused to pass through a highly heated retort, by which
treatment the mixture of gas with the vapour of the hydrocarbon, which it
takes up in passing through it, is converted into permanent gas of great
illuminating power.
IM- PROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR CLOSING DOORS AND KEEPING THEM CLOSED
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Spence at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 19th December
1860. A communication from abroad by Robert B. Donaldson, of
Washington, in the District of Columbia, in the United States of
America.
I, WILLIAM SPENCE, of 50, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex,
Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR CLOSING DOORS AND KEEPING THEM CLOSED," (being
a communication to me from abroad by Robert B. Donaldson, of Washington,
in the District of Columbia, in the United States of America,) to be as
follows:-
This Invention has for its object the closing of doors in such a manner that
when closed an ordinary gust of wind or other similar cause will not be
sufficient to open the door by moving it on its hinges, but that when it has
been started from its closed position it can be further opened with ease, and
when it is allowed to swing inwards again the apparatus will draw the door
back to its closed position gradually. The apparatus for this purpose consists
of a lever, the fulcrum of which is an axle acted upon by a spring, so as to
have a tendency to draw the lever into the position required to close the door,
which is connected by means of a cord to the end of the lever furthest
removed from the fulcrum. The form and arrangement of the lever are such
that when it has been drawn by the spring acting on the axle into the position
required to close the door, the leverage against the action of the spring is less
than it is after the lever has been moved from that position, so as to commence
the opening of the door.

page_text: The power of the spring on the axle is or may be regulated by means of a
ratchet wheel on the axle and a retaining pall on the lever. The spring is
enclosed in a box, through an aperture in which, and another in a casing plate,
the journals of the axle are inserted, so as to afford suitable bearings for the
axle.
The lever is sometimes placed at the side of a grooved wheel or sector, so
that the cord or chain may be passed from the lever on to the periphery of the
wheel or sector, and vice versâ when required, and thus admit of a longer cord
or chain being used than by the arrangement above described.
This modified form of the apparatus is intended to be enclosed in a round
casing of suitable proportions.
The apparatus may also be combined with the casing of a fly door, in such
a manner that by the aid of a suitable number of guiding pulleys for the cord
or chain the door may be drawn from either side to its closed position, and
there held with the required degree of force.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR MAKING GAS BURNERS
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Hay at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 17th September
1860.
I, JOHN HAY, of Salford, near Manchester, in the County of Lancaster,
Mechanic, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR MAKING GAS BURNERS," to be as
follows:-
I
I arrange or construct a machine with apparatus on the top of the frame
thereof, to fix a number of moveable drills for drilling and coneing or forking
the inside of gas burners. The said apparatus is formed of two parts, one
part to hold the drills, and the other the metal of which the burners are
made; then the drills are caused to revolve either by hand or power, and
that
part of the apparatus which holds the series of tools or cutters is caused
to slide forwards so that the tools and metal come in contact, and by means
of a shaper acted upon by a pointer or tracer, the requisite form or shape is
given to a number of gas burners at the same operation.
THE APPLICATION OF THE SHAVINGS, PARINGS, AND REFUSE OF HIDES AND LEATHER TO A NEW MANUFACTURE, AND IN THE PROCESS AND MODE OF TREATING OR OPERATING THE SAME, IN ORDER TO PRODUCE THE SAID NEW ARTICLE OR FABRIC
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Abraham Ripley at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 31st January
1860.
I, ABRAHAM RIPLEY, of 42, Bridge Street, Blackfriars, City of London,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "THE
APPLICATION OF THE SHAVINGS, PARINGS, AND REFUSE OF HIDES AND LEATHER TO A
NEW MANUFACTURE, AND IN THE PROCESS AND MODE OF TREATING OR OPERATING
THE SAME, IN ORDER TO PRODUCE THE SAID NEW ARTICLE OR FABRIC," to be as.
follows, that is to say :-
I take the shavings or refuse produced from hides or skins in the process.
of manufacture into leather, or the waste cuttings or parings of hides or
leather of any kind; these I place in a boiler or series of boilers, and acting.
upon them by means of steam or boiling water in connexion with a series of
agitators or masticators, I am enabled after some time to reduce the whole
to a pulpy mass, which I roll out or mould into any required shape. By
mixing the mass with different substances I can vary the the properties of the
product, rendering it more or less hard, ductile, elastic, dense, or brittle, and
also vary its color.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANU- PACTURE OF RAILWAY TYRES
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Field at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 6th March
1860.
I, EDWARD FIELD, of 10, Hart Street, Bloomsbury, London, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANU-
PACTURE OF RAILWAY TYRES," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to the manufacture of wrought iron and steel railway
tyres. The ordinary tyres, as now made, have a transverse weld to form the
ring, and this Invention is to dispense with the said weld, and to form the tyre
so that the fibre of the iron or steel employed is arranged to run helically or
spirally round the circumference. This is effected in the following manner :-
A bar of wrought iron or steel of a variable thickness accordingly, as may be
required, is wound belically or spirally round a mandril, gauge, or other
suitable apparatus as may be found most convenient. The rings of iron or
steel thus formed are then welded together either at one operation, or a
portion of it at a time as may be found desirable, and the tyre is finished
ready for the subsequent processes necessary before fixing it upon the wheel.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MAKING WHEELS APPLICABLE TO RAILWAY CARRIAGES AND LOCOMOTIVE ENGINES
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Gatwood at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 23rd June
1860.
I, EDWARD GATWOOD, of Holmer, near Hereford, in the County of Hereford,
Carriage Builder and Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MAKING WHEELS APPLICABLE TO RAILWAY
CARRIAGES AND LOCOMOTIVE ENGINES," to be as follows:-
The nature of the said Invention for improvements in making wheels for
railway carriages and locomotive engines is, first, in making the ring or inner
tyre (to which the spokes are welded) bevelled on the outer periphery and
grooved near to one side, to form a dovetail; second, the tyre or outer hoop is
grooved near to one side on the internal periphery, to form a dovetail, and
bevelled so as to fit the inner tyre, so that when the tyre or outer hoop is
heated and put on to the skeleton, the contraction which takes place in cooling
forces it down the incline made on the inner tyre, and thereby fastens it
without the use of rivets or bolts; and for further security, in the event of the
tyre or outer hoop breaking, small projections are rolled at intervals or con-
tinuously on the inner tyre, and are knocked down on the edge of the outer
hoop when it has contracted properly.
The above Invention is also applicable to wheels with cast centres and bent
spokes, either welded at corners or not.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BOOTS
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Williams at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 18th October
1860.
I, HENRY WILLIAMS, of Weston-super-Mare, in the County of Somerset,
Boot Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BOOTS," to be as follows:-
The first part of my Invention relates to the manufacture of that part of
laced boots known as the "tongue," which (instead of being placed inside the
boot and formed like a gusset) I propose forming of a narrow piece of leather,
and placing it outside the "upper
upper" of the boot. At about an inch from
the edges of the opening, and on each side thereof, are sewn other strips of
leather, thus forming flaps, into which the sides of the tongue fall; these
strips being supplied with lace holes at their edges instead of being cut in the
"upper," as heretofore. Thus, when the boot is laced, the tongue is beld
firmly between the "upper" and the flaps, preventing any wet getting to
the inside of the boot, and should any penetrate between the flaps and tongue
it is permitted to escape through openings formed at the lower part of
the flaps.
The second part of my Invention consists in forming the toe cap with a
golosh on each side thereof, for the protection of the fore part of the foot
from wet.
These boots are particularly adapted for shooting, fishing, and other such
like urnoses.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MEANS. OR APPARATUS FOR OPERATING ROLLER BLINDS
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Peter Graham at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 12th July
1860.
I, PETER GRAHAM, of Oxford Street, in the County of Middlesex, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MEANS.
OR APPARATUS FOR OPERATING ROLLER BLINDS," to be as follows:-
Roller blinds are commonly arranged with a pulley or wharve at one end
of the roller upon which the blind is wound, adapted to receive a cord which
is coiled on to the pulley in the act of "drawing down" or unwinding the
blind, [and the blind is "drawn up" again by the simple act of pulling
such cord.
With blinds of considerable length, say seven feet and upwards, it is often
found that coils of the cord from its being of simply cylindrical figure, do not
coil regularly and successively one over the other, and have a tendency to
become fixed or entangled, and my improvements consist in substituting for
cord, tape or other band, having breadth adapted for the successive coils
thereof, to be formed one over the other; and to insure this correct action I
apply a pulley or other suitable guide near the pulley or wharve, with another
at a distance therefrom, according to the length of the blind, if desired. And
I prefer the pulley or wharve to be adapted to the width of the tape or band
to be used.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF FABRIC OF THE CHARACTER OF THAT TECHNICALLY CALLED 'CAMLET
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Ingham and George Collier
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on the
25th May 1860.
We, JOHN INGHAM, of Halifax, in the County of York, Manufacturer, and
GEORGE COLLIER, of the same Place, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF FABRIC
OF THE CHARACTER OF THAT TECHNICALLY CALLED 'CAMLET,'" to be as follows:-
The improvements relate to the production of fabric of the character of that
technically called "camlet," by the use of warp threads composed of worsted,
alpaca, or mohair, combined with weft of cotton and worsted, mohair, or
alpaca; and such weft threads are obtained by two threads, one of cotton, and
the other of worsted, mohair, or alpaca, but both of which are in the weaving
simultaneously thrown into the same sheds.
AN IMPROVED MODE OF MANUFACTURING STOCK FOR PAPER FROM STRAW AND OTHER VEGETABLE SUBSTANCES
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Ebenezer Clemo at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 11th September
1860.
I, EBENEZER CLEMO, of the City of Toronto, Province of Canada, Chemist,
do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "AN IMPROVED MODE OF
MANUFACTURING STOCK FOR PAPER FROM STRAW AND OTHER VEGETABLE SUBSTANCES,"
to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in the successive employment of hydrate of soda or
potash, or hydrate of lime, nitric acid, and hydrate or carbonate of soda or
potash, in the conversion of straw into pulp for the manufacture of paper. The
straw (which may be cut up into small pieces, or left whole,) is first placed in a
large wooden vat, well pressed down and covered with milk of lime, or with a
solution of caustic soda or potash, and the whole boiled for about three hours.
If lime, about five hundredweights to the ton of straw may be used; if soda
or potash, about one hundred pounds. The straw is then thoroughly washed
and placed in a second vessel, where it is covered with a mixture of nitric acid
and water, in the proportion of about sixteen (16) parts of water to one (1) of
acid, or of a strength of about 2° Beaumé. It is then digested at a temperature
not exceeding 200° Fahrenheit, until the straw is perfectly soft and readily
reducible into pulp. It is then removed into another wooden vessel, in which
it is subjected to the action of a weak solution of caustic alkali until the whole
is thoroughly reduced to a fine fibrous pulp, after which it is washed, and being
bleached by any of the processes in common use, is ready for working into
sheets on the "machines."
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Sidebottom at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 28th April
1860.
I, JOHN SIDEBOTTOM, of Broadbottom, near Mottram, in the County of
Chester, Cotton Spinner and Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING," to
be as follows:-
The nature of my Invention consists, first. in constructing tappets for
working the treadles or levers of the shedding motion with grooves; these
grooves can be made of the required shape to open and close the shed, and
to give any amount of dwell when the shed is open to allow the shuttle
to pass.
Secondly, in certain improved combinations of machinery for picking or
throwing the shuttle from one side of the loom to the other; the pickers are
connected to a sliding rod or rods passing through, under, or at one side of the
lay, and this rod or rods is or are moved laterally by means of inclined surfaces
connected to the lay coming in contact with fixed pieces or by other suitable
machinery, by this means the picking sticks are dispensed with, or the shuttle
may be picked by a single picking stick vibrating on a stud in the centre of
the loom, or by two picking sticks or other apparatus.
Thirdly, in an improved arrangement of parts for preventing the injurious
strain on the warp when the shed is being opened and closed, the warp on
leaving the warp beam is taken between two rods or rails which are tightened

page_text: together by a cam on the crank shaft or other convenient part of the loom;
the tightening together of the rods or rails is effected when the shed is partly
open, and when the warp is secured between them they are drawn towards
the lealds, thereby relieving the warp and the healds from injurious strain.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF STEAM BOILERS
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alphonse René Le Mire Normandy
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
3rd May 1860.
I, ALPHONSE RENÉ LE MIRE NORMANDY, of Odin Lodge, King's Road,
Clapham Park, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for " IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF STEAM BOILERS," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in the construction of steam
boilers. For these purposes, in place of fixing the tubes in the boiler, whether
large or small, by rivetting as in large flues, or by expanding the ends of the
tubes, as in multitubular boilers, or otherwise fixing them, the tubes are cach
fixed at their ends by means of stuffing boxes, by preference with a packing of
vulcanized india-rubber, but other material may be used. The ends of the
tubular flues pass through holes in the plates in which they are to be fixed,
and a recess is produced around each end by means of a collar fixed or applied
to the plate around the end of the tubular flue, the collar being large enough
to receive the packing. Over this a gland is fixed by screw bolts, such gland
consisting of a disc with a hole through it, through which the end of the
tubular flue can pass, and it presses a metal ring into the collar, so as to com-
press the packing of vulcanized india-rubber or other material, or the gland
may be made all in one piece.
IMPROVEMENTS IN HEALDS OR HEDDLES EMPLOYED IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Thomas Hughes at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
3rd October 1860.-A communication from abroad by Jean Pierre
Bourdelin, of Lyons, in the Empire of France.
I, EDWARD THOMAS HUGHES, of the Firm of Hughes & Son, Patent
Agents, 123, Chancery Lane, London, W.C., do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN HEALDS OR HEDDLES EMPLOYED IN LOOMS
FOR WEAVING," a communication to him from abroad by Jean Pierre Bourdelin,
of Lyons, in the Empire of France, to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in the application of metal rods or bars to the healds
or heddles of looms.
Between the shafts or blades of the heald, near each end, I employ in a
vertical position an adjustable supporting rod; it is composed of two parts held
together by a socket nut, the other ends of the rods being hooked, screwed, or
otherwise fastened to the shafts. The socket nuts support a horizontal metal
rod which traverses the breadth of the heald, dividing the cords or threads
into two parts, the ends of the rod being formed so as to pass over the sup-
porting rods a little above the middle of the heald.
This Invention will be better understood by referring to the letters on the
accompanying outline Drawing representing an ordinary heald with my
improvements attached. a are the heald cords; b, the shafts or blades; c, the

page_text: horizontal rod dividing the heald cords into two parts; d, the vertical rods;
and e, the socket nuts.
There is a horizontal rod for each heald, and they are all raised up by a
rod or lifter at each side whenever it is required to examine or operate upon
the healds.

page_text: AL SPECIFICATION
AN IMPROVED CENTRIFUGAL TURBINE
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Stevens at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 15th May
1860. A communication from abroad by Jacques Droctoxée, Bailly of
Bourges, in the Empire of France.
I. CHARLES STEVENS, Manager of the British & Foreign Office for
Patents, 1, Welbeck Street, Cavendish Square, in the County of Middle-
sex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED
CENTRIFUGAL TURBINE," & that it has been communicated to me from abroad
by Jacques Droctoxée, Bailly of Bourges, in the Empire of France, to be as
follows:-
The machine consists of a turbine to which a rotating valve is adapted,
furnished with a drum and grooved disk receiving the paddles or flat-boards,
and moving with them a fixed distributor, a turrel or screw ring fixing it to
the boards of the water chamber. The circle of contact is partly of leather,
india-rubber, or gutta percha, & partly of segments of oak. The outer pump
gear, connecting pieces, inner pump gear, nut screw with duplicate piston
ring uniting the three drawing rods, a long socket screw cut forming part of
the hand fly-wheel. The head of the socket is traversed by a steel-pointed
screw resting on a sole or socket arranged at the upper extremity of a pivot
turning in a socket made in a part of the balance beam, which is attached by
a pin to a fixed axis. The bottom of the axis is surrounded by three bearings
tightened by a disk, which is worked by three drawing rods, which can rise up
to the head of the shaft bearing their screws. The lower end of the hollow

page_text: shaft on which the turbine is fixed, supported by a pivot, is bored conically to
receive the three bearings above mentioned, and cylindrically to receive the
disk. The conical shaped part of the fixed axis above mentioned rests in a
support attached to the stonework, which is solidly cemented to the centre of
the water chamber. A collar is fixed to the upper board holding three
bearings with adjusting screw. There is also a safety valve, and a valve for
emptying and cleaning. The rotating valve is worked by a hand fly-wheel.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF STEREOSCOPIC SLIDES
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Arnold Mello at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 13th December
1860.
I, JOHN ARNOLD MELLO, of Welbeck Street, Cavendish Square, in the
County of Middlesex, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF STEREOSCOPIC SLIDES," to be as
follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in the manufacture of
stereoscopic slides. In order to give a more natural appearance to the sky of
opaque stereoscopic slides which usually appear white, or nearly so, I cut
away such portions of the pictures as represent sky, going very carefully up to
the outline of the objects represented in the pictures. Then in viewing
stereoscopic slides thus manufactured I employ a stereoscope with an open or
transparent stage, and I allow light to pass through this stage, as is usual in
viewing transparent stereoscopic slides; this light I color by causing it to pass
through a colored medium, and in this manner I obtain the appearance of a
transparent sky, either blue or of other tint or tints, which may be desired.
By the same method I give a more natural appearance when water is repre-
sented, or when objects are represented which produce or reflect a bright
light.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR SUPERHEATING STEAM IN LOCOMOTIVE STEAM ENGINES
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Weston Grimshaw at the Office-
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 15th October.
1860.
I, WESTON GRIMSHAW, of Warton Lodge, Lytham, in the County of Lan--
caster, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR SUPERHEATING STEAM IN LOCOMOTIVE
STEAM ENGINES," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in conveying the steam pipe from the boiler of a
locomotive engine into the smoke box, and thence partly up the chimney,
within which it is coiled previous to descending to the steam chest; by this
means the steam is superheated before it enters the steam chest and cylinders
of the engine.
IMPROVEMENTS IN METALLIC PENS AND PENHOLDERS
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Ash and Joseph Letiere
Petit at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition,
on the 22nd September 1860.
We, ROBERT ASH," of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Manu-
facturer, and JOSEPH LETIERE PETIT, of Birmingham aforesaid, Manufacturer,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
METALLIC PENS AND PENHOLDERS," to be as follows:-
Our Invention relates, firstly, to metallic pens of the kind called barrel
pens, that is to say, to such pens as have a barrel or tubular part for the
reception of a stick or holder, the said barrel or tube being made of one
piece of metal with the nibs or writing parts of the pen. In the ordinary
method of making barrel pens the nibs or writing parts of the pen are of the
same curvature as the barrel part, and constitute a prolongation of one side of
the barrel. Our Invention with respect to barrel pens consists in making the
nibs of the pen or the pen proper of a curve of less radius than that of the
barrel or part of a tube of less diameter than that of the barrel. By this
method of construction the barrel is of larger diameter than the pen proper,
and when the pen is laid upon a table or flat surface, the barrel only comes
in contact with the table or surface. The inking of the table or article on:
which the pen is laid is thereby avoided. The pen proper may be made of
an ornamental form.
Our Invention consists, further, in making slip pens of larger radius at that
part which is inserted in the holder than at the other part of the said slip.

page_text: pens, so that, when laid down, the part of the pen which has been dipped in
the ink is prevented from coming into contact with the surface on which it
is laid.
Our Invention consists, lastly, in making the tip or metallic part of pen-
holders of larger diameter at the part where the stick or handle is inserted
than at the part where the pen is inserted. When a slip pen of the ordinary
kind is used with a penholder of this kind, the pen cannot come into contact
with the surface on which the penholder holding the pen is laid. The last-
described part of our Invention is applicable to penholders made wholly of
metal.
AN IMPROVED KNEE-CAP FOR MILITARY, SPORTING, OR OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Kanzow Thomas Bowley at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 13th
February 1860.
I, KANZOW THOMAS BOWLEY, of the Firm of Bowley and Company, of
Charing Cross, in the Parish of Saint Martins-in-the-Fields, in the City of
Westminster, Military and Civil Bootmakers, Gaiter Makers, and Tailors, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED KNEE-CAP
FOR MILITARY, SPORTING, OR OTHER PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in making caps or coverings for the knee, and is
well adapted to military, sporting, and other such like purposes, as being made
of a semi-globular form to fit that part of the leg above and below the knee
when in the act of kneeling; they do not allow of any mud or dirt entering
into the space between the trousers and the cap, as is the case with the caps
of the ordinary construction. I propose making the same of gutta percha,
india-rubber, or a combination of the two, or other suitable semi-flexible
material, the same being blocked or made in one piece and seamless, or they
may be of leather or similar material, having seams to bring them to the
required shape. They can then be affixed or secured to the leg by straps,
springs, or any other suitable adjustment.