IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1880

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Thomas Sagar, of Burnley, in the County of Lancaster,
Machine Maker, for an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR
WEAVING."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Thomas Sagar at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 7th June 1880.
THOMAS SAGAR, of Burnley, in the County of Lancaster, Machine Maker.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING."
My Invention is applicable to the taking up motion of looms, and in carrying it
into effect I make the change wheel a driven wheel instead of a driver.
I am aware that this has been done before, but not in the manner hereinafter
described.
In performing my Invention I employ the same number of wheels as is now
customary, viz., a train of five wheels, and I use, by preference, the ordinary ratchet
wheel, to which motion is communicated from the lay sword or crank, or in any
other convenient manner. The wheel connected to and revolving with the ratchet
wheel is commonly used as the change wheel; now my Invention consists in using
the outer "carrier" wheel (one of the present double wheels, sometimes called
"carrier" wheels), which is driven by the wheel connected to the ratchet wheel, as
the change wheel, and I fit it on the boss or bush of the inner "carrier" wheel,
which gives motion to the wheel on the taking up roller shaft. The boss of the
inner carrier wheel is made sufficiently long and provided with a suitable recess or
projection, in or on which a corresponding projection or recess of the outer carrier
or change wheel fits. I make the outer or "carrier" wheel the change wheel,
which contains a certain and exact number of teeth in direct proportion to the
number of whole picks per quarter inch of cloth, or of any regular and useful
fractions of picks, such as 1/8, 1/¼¼, ½ and so on, so that picks and
fractions of a pick to be woven are always an exact measure of the teeth
required on the change wheel, which may contain either the same number of teeth
as the number of picks and fractions of a pick per quarter inch, or third, or other
fraction of an inch, or two, three, four, &c., times as many teeth.
These "carrier" wheels revolve on a stud or axle on an adjustable bracket in the
usual manner.

page_text: By the use of my Invention a change wheel with a larger or smaller number of
teeth is used in any desired proportion, as the number of picks per quarter, or third,
or other fraction of an inch in the cloth to be woven is increased or diminished,
and the change can be made quickly and with little calculation; for instance, if
I use a driven ratchet wheel with 58 teeth, attached to and revolving with a driver
wheel with 24 teeth, which gives motion to the driven change wheel with 40 teeth
on the bush of the inner carrier wheel which has 15 teeth, and transmits the
motion to the beam wheel with 90 teeth on the taking up roller, which has a
circumference of 58 quarter inches, the requisite motion will be imparted to the roller
to take up ten picks per quarter inch; if 10% picks per quarter inch be wanted it
is simply necessary to substitute a change wheel of 43 teeth in place of the one
with 40 teeth, and so on, increasing in direct proportion to the number of picks per
quarter inch; or if the teeth on the change wheel are required to be three, or any
other multiple of the number of picks, the wheels are arranged accordingly.
It is not necessary that the change wheel must be the outer of the carrier wheels,
as it may be placed inside, but the outside is the more convenient.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Thomas Sagar in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 6th December
1880.
THOMAS SAGAR, of Burnley, in the County of Lancaster, Machine Maker.,
"IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING."
My Invention is applicable to the taking up motion of looms, and in order that
it may be fully understood and readily carried into effect, I will describe the
accompanying two Sheets of Drawings, reference being had to the figures and
letters marked thereon.
On Sheet 1 Figure 1, is an elevation of part of a loom shewing my improved
taking up motion, and on Sheet 2, Figure 2 is a plan of the same. N is a portion
of the loom frame; I is the taking up lever; K is the retaining catch, and J is the
taking up catch or finger which actuates the driven ratchet wheel A with 58 teeth
attached to and revolving with a driver wheel D with 24 teeth, which gives motion
to the driven change wheel B with 60 teeth; this is the outer carrier wheel, and it
is fitted at the end of the boss of the inner carrier wheel E which has 15 teeth, and
transmits motion to the beam wheel C with 90 teeth on the taking up roller F
which has a circumference of 58 quarter inches; by this arrangement the requisite
motion will be imparted to the roller F to take up 15 picks per quarter inch; if
15 picks per quarter inch be wanted it is simply necessary to substitute a change
wheel of 63 teeth in place of the one with 60 teeth, and so on, increasing or
decreasing in direct proportion to the number of picks per quarter inch required.
If instead of measuring the picks by quarter inches, halves, thirds, fifths, sixths, or
other fractions be required, then the ratchet wheel A must contain as many teeth
as the circumference of the roller F contains such halves, thirds, fifths, sixths, or
other fractions of an inch. G is the stud bracket to carry the change wheel B and
pinion E; fixed to the bracket G is the stud L on which the lever H swings; the
curved portion of this lever fits on the boss of the pinion E, either at the end to
keep the pinion in gear with C, or in the groove H¹ to hold the pinion on its stud
when drawn out of gear with the wheel C. The following examples will shew how
readily any desired change may be made:-To find the size of the first driving
wheel D on the stud of ratchet wheel A, multiply the ratio of the beam wheel C to
its pinion E by the number of teeth required per pick per quarter or other fraction
of an inch of the change wheel B; for example, suppose the beam wheel C to be 90
and the pinion E 15, the ratio is 6 to 1.
Then if 4 teeth per pick be wanted, 6 x 4 = 24 teeth in the ratchet wheel
pinion D, or if 5 teeth per pick be required, then 6 × 5 = 30 teeth in the pinion D.
Suppose two teeth to a pick, 15 picks = 30 teeth in change wheel B, and ratio
A
B
с
58 x 30 x 90
6x2=12 teeth in pinion D. Example: 12 x 15 x 58
D
H
F
=
15 picks per inch.
18 teeth in
3 teeth to a pick, 15 picks = 45 change wheel B, ratio 6 × 3
pinion D
58 x 45 x 90
18 x 15 x 58
15 picks per quarter inch.
==
4 teeth to a pick, 15 picks = 60 change wheel B, ratio 6 x 4 = 24 teeth in
pinion D
58 x 60 x 90
24 x 16 x 58
=
15 picks per quarter inch.
5 teeth to a pick, 15 picks
pinion D
58 x 75 x 90
30 x 15 x 58
=
75 change wheel B, ratio 6 x 5 = 30 teeth in
15 picks per quarter inch, and so on.
The foregoing examples are calculated with the roller F divided into quarter
inches, and the ratchet wheel A with the same number of teeth, but supposing
fifths be the measure then the roller F having a circumference of, say, 75 fifths of

page_text: an inch, and the ratchet wheel A 75 teeth, then 6 × 5
and 15 picks
of an inch.
=
30 ratchet wheel pinion D,
= 15 picks per fifth
15 × 5 = 75 change wheel B, then 75 × 75 × 90
30 x 15 x 75
Again, if sixths be the measure required, then given a roller F having a
circumference of, say, 90 sixths of an inch, and the ratchet wheel A 90 teeth,
then 6 x 636, ratchet wheel pinion D, and 15 picks 15 × 6 = 90, change
wheel B, then
90 x 90 x 90
36 x 15 x 90
-
15 picks per sixth of an inch.
-
As an evasion of the spirit of this Invention the exact proportion of the beam
wheel C to its pinion E, and of the taking up roller F to the ratchet wheel A, may
be varied to a slight extent without any very great irregularity in the picks.
Having stated the nature of my Invention, and described the manner of
carrying the same into effect, I wish it to be understood that I do not limit myself
to the exact details given, as the same may be varied without departing from my
Invention; nor do I claim the making the outer of the carrier wheels into the driven
change wheel, as stated in my Provisional Specification, numbered and dated as
above, having discovered that the same is public property and not new, but what I
claim is,
1. The making the catch or ratchet wheel A. with the same number of teeth as
there are quarter inches (or other fractions of inches) in the taking up roller F, so
that the ratio of the beam wheel C to its pinion E, multiplied by the number of
teeth required per pick per quarter or other fraction of an inch, will give the
number of teeth in the first driving wheel D, as shewn and described, and
2. The bracket G carrying the lever H, or its equivalent, to retain the wheels E
and B in the required position on the stud, either in or out of gear, as shewn and
described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Thomas Sagar, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this Third day of December, One thousand eight hundred and
THOMAS SAGAR. (L.S.)