IMPROVEMENTS IN OR APPLICABLE TO PORTABLE AND OTHER FORGES, PARTS WHEREOF ARE APPLICABLE TO OTHER PURPOSE."
Year: 1880

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Thomas Watson Chapman, of 9, Canterbury Road,
Brixton, in the County of Surrey, for an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
OR APPLICABLE TO PORTABLE AND OTHER FORGES, PARTS WHEREOF ARE
APPLICABLE TO OTHER PURPOSE."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Thomas Watson Chapman at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 16th March 1880.
"
THOMAS WATSON CHAPMAN, of 9, Canterbury Road, Brixton, in the County of
Surrey. IMPROVEMENTS IN OR APPLICABLE TO PORTABLE AND OTHER FORGES,
PARTS WHEREOF ARE APPLICABLE TO OTHER PURPOSE."
This Invention relates to certain improvements in or applicable to portable forge
apparatus, the object being to render this class of apparatus more efficient and
certain in action, to afford additional utility to such apparatus, and which, when in
combination with certain parts of ordinary or known construction, will constitute
complete forge and smithy or bench apparatus of novel construction, parts of the
apparatus being also applicable for other useful purposes.
First. The driving wheel is made with a broad projecting outer rim, which is
turned up smooth inside of the rim to engage with a friction roll on and for driving
the fan shaft, or toothed to gear with a pinion on said shaft. The outer face of
this rim of the driving wheel is mounted with leather to form a buffing or polishing
wheel.
Second. The friction roll when employed is made with a conical core, upon which
is a facing of india rubber, upon which is cemented or secured a facing of leather,
which will be capable of being turned up to required surface form.
Third. There are certain parts of a forge apparatus which require to be set up to
each other to ensure either correctness of working or the taking up of any slackness
arising from wear; said parts are particularly the driving quadrant of a recipro-
cating forge handle, or the friction driving wheel; and for these purposes the spindles
upon which the parts reciprocate or rotate are turned eccentrically with the shanks
71

page_text: thereof, so that by adjusting the bolting of said shanks one way or another in the
framing the centres of the parts carried on the outer ends, in consequence of the
eccentricity of the spindles, will be set up nearer to or farther from the parts with
which they gear; also the hole or slot in the framing of the apparatus through
which the spindles of the said parts requiring to be set up pass and are bolted will
be inclined, that is, made at an angle to the horizontal, so that the said spindles
may be bolted higher or lower in the said slots, and so bring or set the contact
parts nearer together; and to further assist the contact of the friction, driving, and
pulley wheels, the peripheries thereof are bevilled off to form coned surfaces in
opposite directions, and the said cone friction pulleys will have a screw threaded
boss to engage with a screw-thread'upon the fan or drill spindle, so that it may be
adjusted thereon, and a flynut or nuts will be provided to secure the said cone
friction pulley when adjusted.
Fourth. To adjust the fan spindle to the driving wheel a saddle or shaped
frame is mounted in guides on the sides of the fan case, which saddle arms span
the case and terminate in bosses, through which the spindle passes. An adjusting
screw is passed through a threaded hole in the back of the saddle, so as to press
against the fan case to raise or lower the arms of the saddle in its guides, and so
adjust the fan spindle nearer to or farther from the driving wheel.
Fitth. For giving rotatory motion to the driving wheels of forge apparatus
through reciprocating lever and alternately operating clutch device, a friction roll
or toothed pinion is mounted upon the outer side of the clutch piece, which clutch
piece works in its boxing, which boxing is upon the part to be rotated, or vice
versa, and the friction roll or toothed pinion is reciprocated by a quadrant lever.
The improved clutch device for this purpose consists of a star wheel with recesses
and inclined surfaces, upon which run balls or rollers which will act to bite or run
free between the inclined surfaces and the clutch boxing according to whether a
driving or return stroke is being made. In the case of the rollers they are fitted
with light backing springs for ensuring certainty of grip.
Sixth. In order to allow of the reciprocating handle being operated from any
position of the apparatus, and to multiply the speed, a clutch strap piece or metal
friction band is placed around a grooved pulley, and a lever handle is jointed to
each end of the said band so as to give a differential action upon the lever being
reciprocated, whereby the said band will in alternately binding and releasing upon
the grooved pulley cause it to rotate. The said grooved pulley is a prolongation of
the hub of a spur wheel which gears into a pinion formed on the boss of the driving
wheel.
Seventh. In order to consume the smoke and products of combustion arising
from the hearth whilst in use, and also to heat the air to be supplied to and through
the fan case, the sides of the fan case are cast with a covering extending from and
over the side openings, and forming when the case is fitted together a passage way
terminating in a tubular opening outside the said fan case, and bifurcating and
leading to the air openings at the fan centre, which acts as a collecting chamber.
The said tubular opening of the collecting chamber will be connected by tube with
the opening of the hood or muffle, or with an opening in the jacketed hearth, or
both, so that the accumulated smoke and heated air, or either of them, as the case
may be, will be drawn and directed into the centre of the fan case.
The said collecting chamber may however be connected with a hose or piping
leading to or from any place which it may be desired to ventilate or have air
heated or not drawn from any desired place, such as a flue or furnace chimney or
smoke box of an engine or boiler.
Eighth. The forge is fitted with a portable tray or small hearth for purpose of
same being carried and supplied at any distance from the fan mechanism with the
air blast, and for this purpose the tuyere of the said portable hearth terminates
outwardly with a hose union or nose, and a flexible hose is carried from same to

page_text: a union joint which is capable of being attached or detached as required to the
nose of the tuyere of the forge itself. This union-joint attachment is as follows:-
Upon the face of the main tuyere are provided ears or snugs of a piece therewith,
and a lipped clamp piece is provided having a central hole therein which will
correspond with the blast hole of the tuyere. Through the said central hole of the
clamp is passed a flanged hose, union, or nose, and an annular recess is formed in
the flange of this union piece to receive one face of an india rubber ring, the other
face whereof bears against the nose of the tuyere to which the coupling is attached
to render air tight. Screws pass through tapped holes in the clamp piece, and
when screwed down upon the flange of the union piece hold all the parts tightly
together. The hose can then be passed on to the nose of the said union, and the
other end can be attached to the portable hearth before described, or be employed
for conveying air or any blowing purposes desired, and as a hand blower, in which
case the other parts of the apparatus may be dispensed with.
According to a construction of the apparatus a bench table is mounted upon the
supporting framing of the forge, and the forge mechanism is fitted at one end
thereof, and a vice and treadle with driving wheel is provided for operating a
mandril or head stock for drilling and grinding purposes, the fan spindle being
driven from the same source by pulley and band, this construction being
particularly useful for use in light work, such as mechanical dentistry, jewellery
repairing, amateur's use, and so forth. A crank drill brace post is also applied for
over head drilling or vertical drilling purposes.
Ninth. For brazing (or welding) large surfaces, such as band saws, the forge is
constructed with a second tuyere in the front of the hearth connected by a tube
with the main blast pipe, whereby a double blast is obtained, one on each side of
the work to be done, thus causing a stronger and a more universal heat. The
secondary blast tube is provided with a cock or valve for shutting off the blast
when one tuyere only is required to be used, and this nozzle may be employed
interchangeably with an additional longitudinally slotted nozzle for spreading the
blast in a wide stream for evenly heating long surfaces in an uniform degree, and
this interchangeable nozzle will be equally applicable to the nozzle or tuyere of a
portable forge or the said portable hearth.
Tenth. For the purpose of supplying an under hot air blast to the forge fire a
hollow box with a central tuyere opening or openings is fitted in the bottom of the
hearth, and the under part of said tuyere box has a hole therein capable of being
closed by a plug within the box. This said plug is carried upon a rocking shaft
which passes through and across the tuyere box so as that when the shaft is rocked
or moved in one direction the plug will be lifted from the hole in the bottom of
the said box and will allow of any ash or dirt to fall away clear of the tuyere, and
upon the upper part of the said shaft and of the plug, or of a piece with said plug;
within the tuyere box is fitted a projecting stud or picker, or studs or pickers, for
clearing the nozzle or nozzles of the tuyere. The tuyere and box will be surrounded
with fire brick, and the air blast will be carried from the fan box by a tube or
directly into the box of the tuyere, and will be heated within the box to a certain
extent before being discharged into the fire. The picker for clearing nozzle of
forge tuyere is applied to the ordinary side tuyere of these forges as follows:-A
hole is drilled or formed in the casting at the back of the opening of the tuyere
and a pin or stud is inserted therein, and a spiral spring arranged upon the back end
of the pin will act to hold the pin back from the discharge opening of the tuyere,
but upon application of pressure to said pin same will be driven forward to clear
the tuyere opening, but upon removal of pressure the pin will be immediately
retired by action of the spring.
Eleventh. A reciprocating rack driving spring treadle device is employed for
operating upon the pinion of the clutch box of the friction or toothed gear driving
5 wheel; this consists of an eared guide boxing, within which slides a reciprocating

page_text: rod connected with the treadle or treadles, said rod being formed upon its outer
face as a rack at the part that slides in the said boxing, and the rack gears with
the pinion of the clutch box, and the parts are held in relation to each other by
mounting the ear or ears of the guide boxing upon the spindle of the clutch box
device. Thus the guide boxing is free to swing upon the said spindle of the clutch
box and the rack and pinion are thereby held in gear, so that upon the alternate
up and down stroke of the treadle rod the clutch device will be operated. A
volute spring is connected to the outer end of said rack rod to aid the recovery
action previously to the down stroke of the treadle which drives the clutch and
actuates the driving wheel of the mechanism, whether said driving wheel is used 1
for frictional driving or as spur driver or drum for driving band.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, and of
an Order of the Lord Chancellor, filed by the said Thomas Watson Chapman
in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 16th October 1880.
THOMAS WATSON CHAPMAN, of 9, Canterbury Road, Brixton, in the County of
Surrey. "IMPROVEMENTS IN OR APPLICABLE TO PORTABLE AND OTHER FORGES,
PARTS WHEREOF ARE APPLICABLE TO OTHER PURPOSE."
This Invention relates to certain improvements in or applicable to portable forge
apparatus, as described in the Specification of Letters Patent dated 5th September
1879, No. 3575, granted to one James Hardinge, the object being to render this
class of apparatus more efficient and certain in action, to afford additional utility to
such apparatus, and which, when in combination with certain parts of ordinary or
known construction, will constitute complete forge and smithy or bench apparatus
of novel construction, parts of the apparatus being also applicable for other useful
purposes.
The annexed Sheet of Drawings illustrates the Invention, and is referred to in
the following particular description by Figures and letters of reference.
First. The driving wheel, shown in Fig. 1 in both section and side view, is made
with a broad projecting outer rim 1, which is turned up smooth inside of the rim
to engage with a friction roll 2 on and for driving the fan shaft 3, or toothed to
gear, as indicated at 4, with a pinion on said shaft 3. The outer face of this rim
of the driving wheel is mounted with leather 5 to form a buffing or polishing wheel,
and may also be used as a band driver wheel.
Second. The friction roll 2 of the fan shaft when employed is made with a
conical core, upon which is a facing of india rubber, upon which is cemented or
secured a facing of leather, which last will be capable of being turned up to required
surface form.
Third. There are certain parts of a forge apparatus which require to be set up to
each other to ensure either correctness of working or the taking up of any slackness
arising from wear; said parts are particularly the driving quadrant of a reciprocating
forge lever handle, or the friction driving wheel; and for these purposes the
spindles, which are bolted to the framework upon which the parts reciprocate or
rotate, are turned eccentrically with the shanks thereof, so that by adjusting the
bolting of said shanks one way or another in the framing the centres of the parts
carried on the outer ends, in consequence of the eccentricity of the spindles, will be,
set up nearer to or farther from the parts with which they gear; also the elongated
hole or slot in the framing of the forge apparatus through and to which the said
spindles of the parts requiring to be set up pass and are bolted will be inclined,
that is, made at an angle to the horizontal, so that the said spindles may be bolted
higher or lower in the said slots, and so bring or set the contact parts nearer
together; and to further assist the contact of the friction driving and pulley wheels,
the peripheries thereof are bevilled off to form coned surfaces in opposite directions,
as shown in Fig. 2, and the said cone friction pulley has a screw threaded boss to
engage with a screw thread upon the fan spindle, so that it may be adjusted
thereon, and a fly nut or nuts 7 will be provided to secure the said cone friction
pulley when adjusted.
Fourth. To adjust the fan spindle to the driving wheel or to the centre of the
fan box a saddle or shaped frame 8, Fig. 3, is mounted in guides on the sides of
the fan case 9, which said saddle arms span the case, and terminate in bosses,
through which the spindle 3 passes. An adjusting screw 10 is passed through a
threaded hole in the back of the saddle 8, so as to press against the fan case to
raise or lower the arms of the saddle 8 in its guides, and so adjust the fan spindle 3
with its roll nearer to or farther from the driving wheel.

page_text: "
Fifth. For giving rotatory motion to the driving wheels of forge apparatus
through reciprocating lever, and alternately operating clutch device, as described in
the Specification of Hardinge's said Patent before referred to, a friction roll or
toothed pinion is mounted upon the outer side of the clutch piece, which clutch
piece works in its boxing, which boxing is upon the part to be rotated, or vice versa,
and the friction roll or toothed pinion is reciprocated by a quadrant lever. The
improved clutch device for this purpose consists, as shown in Figs. 4 and 4ª, of a
star wheel 11 with inclined surfaces and terminating shoulders, upon and against
which inclined surfaces and terminating shoulders rest rollers 12, which will act to
bite or run free between the inclined surfaces and the clutch boxing, according to
whether a driving or return stroke is being made, similarly to those shown in the
"pendulum lubricator' device shown in the Specification of Letters Patent,
No. 4804, dated 17th December 1877, granted to the aforesaid James Hardinge,
with this difference that the said clutch rollers are provided with light backing
springs for ensuring certainty of grip, as shown in Fig. 4. In Fig. 4ª the wheel 11
is shown employed, but instead of the rollers and springs 12 a row or series of two
or more balls are employed in each section of the clutch, the reason for using such
row of two or more balls being to distribute the wear upon the adjacent faces of
the sections of the clutch, and so obviate the great local action of only one ball in
each section, and such rows of two or more balls are held in line by and lie against
the projecting curved points of the star wheel 11, said points standing out from
the wheel 11, and of the curved form shown, that is, the row of balls in combination
with the special wheel 11.
Sixth. The device shown in Fig. 5 has for purpose to allow of the reciprocating
handle being operated from any position of the operator in relation to the apparatus,
whether back, front, or vertically, and to multiply the speed, to which ends a metal
clutch, strap, or band piece 13 is placed around a grooved pulley 14, and a lever
handle 15 is jointed to each end of the said band, so as to give a differential action
upon the pulley 14 when the lever is reciprocated, whereby the said band 13 will
in alternately binding and releasing upon the curved pulley 14 cause it to rotate
in one direction. The said grooved pulley is a prolongation of the hub of a spur
wheel 16, which gears into a pinion 17 formed on the boss of the friction driving
wheel 18.
Seventh. In order to consume the smoke and products of combustion arising
from the hearth employed in these improved forge apparatus whilst in use, and
also to heat the air to be supplied to and through the fan case, the sides of the fan
case are cast with a covering extending from and over the side openings and
forming, when the case is fitted together, a passage way terminating in a tubular
opening 19 outside the said fan case, and bifurcating and leading to the air
openings at the fan centre which acts as a collecting chamber, such construction
being as shown in Figs. 6, 7, and 7ª, and 8. The said tubular opening of the
collecting chamber will be connected by tube with the opening of the hood or
muffle, as shown in Fig. 7, or with an opening in the jacketed hearth, as shown in
Fig. 8, or both, so that the accumulated smoke and heated air, or either of them as
the case may be, will be drawn and directed into the centre of the fan case. The
said collecting chamber, Fig. 6, may however be connected at 19 with a hose or
piping leading to or from any place which it may be desired to ventilate, or may
have air heated or not drawn from any desired place, such as a flue or furnace
chimney or smoke box of an engine or boiler, as shown in Fig. 6a1 may be
employed to feed the furnace of a stationary or other engine with heated air drawn
from the smoke box.
Eighth. The forge is fitted with a portable tray or mall hearth, Figs. 9 or 10,
. for purpose of same being carried and supplied at a distance from the fan mechanism
with the air blast, and for this purpose the tuyere of the said portable hearth termi-
nates outwardly with a hose union or nose, and a flexible hose is carried from same
to a union joint, shown at Fig. 11, which is capable of being attached or detached as
required to the nose of the tuyere of the forge itself. This union joint attachment

page_text: is as follows:-Upon the face of the main tuyere 20 are provided ears or snugs 21
of a piece therewith, and a lipped clamp piece is provided having a central hole
therein which will correspond with the blast hole of the tuyere. Through the said
central hole of the clamp is passed a flanged hose union or nose 23 and an annular
recess is formed interiorly of the flange of this union piece to receive one face of an
india rubber, leather, or flexible ring 24, the other face whereof bears against the
nose of the tuyere to which the coupling is attached to render same air tight.
Screws 25 pass through tapped holes in the clamp piece, and when screwed down
upon the flange of the union piece hold all the parts tightly together. The hose can
then be passed on to the nose of the said union 23 and the other end can be attached
to the portable hearth before described, or be employed for conveying air for any
blowing purposes desired, and as a hand blower or aspirator, as shown in Fig. 12
wherein the dotted lines 19 represents the conduit to the fan and 20 the nozzle
and union. Fig. 13 represents the blowing apparatus arranged for treadle action
and bolted to a wall. The claim hereunder is to extend to the construction of the
parts herein specified and shown in combination with the specified union and
thereto.
This
Ninth. According to a construction of the apparatus shown in Figs. 14 and 14ª,
a bench table 26 is mounted upon the supporting framing 27 of the forge, the forge
mechanism 28 being fitted at one end thereof, the mouth of the hearth being
turned outward, as shown at 29, to carry away any dust. The driving wheel 2
for the forge mechanism 28 carries a band for operating the mandril or head
stock 30 for drilling and grinding purposes; 31 is an emery or grinding wheel;
32, a water trough; 33, a vice; 34, a crank drill brace post for overhead drilling
or vertical drilling purposes. The dotted lines 35 represents the application of a
fret saw arm, and the saw table will be mounted upon a support bolted to the
bench when in use, and the vibrating operation of the fret saw arm will be
accomplished by means of a cam shaft driven off the wheel 2 actuating the said
saw arm, which will be mounted at the rear end thereof upon a pivot at 35º. A
reciprocating rack driving spring treadle device 36 is employed for operating upon
the pinion of the clutch box of the friction or toothed gear driving wheel.
consists of an eared guide boxing 37, within which slides a reciprocating rod 38
connected with the treadle or treadles, said rod being formed upon the outer face
as a rack at the part that slides in the said boxing 37, and the rack gears with
the pinion of the clutch box as before described, and the parts are held in relation
to each other by mounting the ear or ears of the guide boxing 37 upon the spindle
of the clutch box device. Thus the guide boxing is free to swing upon the said
spindle of the clutch box, and the rack and pinion are thereby held in gear, so
that upon the alternate up and down stroke of the treadle rod the clutch device.
will be operated. A spiral spring 39 is connected to the upper end of said rack
rod 38 to aid the recovery action previously to the down stroke of the treadle
which drives the clutch and actuates the driving wheel 2 of the mechanism,
whether said driving wheel be used for frictional driving or as spur driver or
drum for driving band. In Fig. 15 a reversible treadle is shown, the bars of
the treadle board passing through a rocking shoe piece 40 and fixable by movable
fixing studs passing through holes in the sides of the shoe and so as to change the
position of the treadle bar 38, and that the treadle may be worked from back or
front of the apparatus; this adjustable treadle board will be used with the
device specified in reference to Figs. 14 and 14%, or as shown in 15 in combination
with aforesaid Patented forges, and the said combined construction of bench will
be particularly useful for employment in light work, such as mechanical dentistry,
jewellery and repairing work, amateur's use, and so forth.
Tenth. For brazing (or welding) large surfaces, such as band saws, the forge
hearth, as shown in Fig. 16 and 16a, is constructed with a second tuyere 41 in the
front of the hearth connected by a tube 42 with the main blast pipe whereby a
double blast is obtained, one on each side of the work to be done, thus causing a
stronger and more universal heat. The said secondary blast tube 42 is provided

page_text: with a cock or valve 43 for shutting off the blast when one tuyere only is required
to be used, and this second tuyere 41 may be employed interchangeably with an
additional longitudinally slotted nozzle, Fig. 16a, fitting by V flange and grooves 44
for spreading the blast in a wide stream for evenly heating long surfaces in an
uniform degree, and this interchangeable nozzle, Fig. 16, is equally applicable to
the nozzle or tuyere of a portable forge, or the portable hearths, Figs. 9 and 10, and
the nozzle 41, Fig. 16b, is removable similarly to 41 of Fig. 16, and provides for
an under blast.
Eleventh. Referring to Figs. 17 and 17ª. For the purpose of supplying an under
hot air blast to the forge fire a hollow box 45 with a central tuyere opening or
openings is fitted in the bottom of the hearth, and the under part 46 of said tuyere
box has a hole therein capable of being closed by a plug 47 within the box. This
said plug is carried upon a pivoted rocking handle 48 which passes through and
across the tuyere box 45, so as that when the shaft is rocked or moved in one
direction the plug will be lifted from the hole in the bottom 46 of the said box and
will allow of any ash or dirt to fall away clear of the tuyere; and upon the upper
part of the said shaft, and of the plug or of a piece with said plug 47 within the
tuyere box is fitted a projecting stud or picker or studs or pickers 49 for clearing
the nozzle or nozzles of the tuyere. The tuyere and box will be surrounded with
fire brick within the hearth, and the air blast will be carried from the fan box by
tube or directly into the box of the tuyere as shown, and will be heated within the
box to a certain extent before being discharged into the fire. In Figs. 18 and 18ª
the pricker 49 for clearing nozzle of forge tuyere is applied to the ordinary side
tuyere of these forges as follows:-A hole is drilled or formed in the coating at
the back of the opening of the tuyere and a pin or stud 49 is inserted therein, and
a spiral spring arranged upon the back end of the pin will act to hold the pin
back from the discharge opening of the tuyere, but upon application of pressure to
said pin same will be driven forward to clear the tuyere opening, but upon
removal of pressure the pin will be immediately retired by action of the spring.
Having now described the nature and particulars of my said Invention, I
claim,―
The improvements in apparatus as and for the purpose herein specified and
described in reference to the Figures of the accompanying Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said Thomas Watson Chapman, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Sixteenth day of September, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and eighty.