Improvements in the Manufacture of Bricks and Building Blocks, and in Apparatus therefor.
Year: 1895

page_text: Date of Application, 24th Jan., 1895
Complete Specification Left, 23rd Oct., 1895-Accepted, 23rd Nov., 1835
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Manufacture of Bricks and Building Blocks,
and in Apparatus therefor.
I, JOHN TRIMBLE FRYER, of Locksbrook Mills, Lower Weston, Bath, Lime
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
This invention consists in improvements in the manufacture of bricks and
building blocks and in apparatus therefor.
According to this invention the materials used for the composition of the bricks
and blocks are lime, which has been previously ground to powder in a mortar mill
or otherwise, and clinker, coal ashes, cinders, broken brick, sand, slag, burnt clay,
shale, or broken stone or any other refuse or débris of a nature suitable for making
mortar. The approximate proportions are 25% of lime to 75% of either of the said
other materials or of a combination of any or all of them.
The mixture is ground together in a mortar pan, sufficient water being added
during the process of grinding to cause the mixture to become plastic.
If the mixture is to be used for bricks, it is then removed to an open-topped
trough with hinged or removable sides and when in a semi dry state is cut into
bricks by a hand cleaver or otherwise. When quite dry the bricks are ready
for use.
If the mixture is intended to be used for blocks, it is, on being removed from the
grinding pan, charged into moulds preferably consisting of a band or jacket open
at top and bottom and having the sides and ends either separately removable or
hinged and so arranged as to be coupled by a hasp or catch. The moulds may be
divided into compartments either longitudinally or transversely by suitable
partitions.
When the blocks are sufficiently dry to permit it, the jacket is removed and the
blocks are thereafter fully dried, either by the action of the atmosphere or by
heated air.
Bricks and blocks made in accordance with this invention are not burnt in kilns
or otherwise baked.:
Dated this 23rd day of January 1895.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Manufacture of Bricks and Building Blocks,
and in Apparatus therefor..
1, JOHN TRIMBLE FRYER, of Locksbrook Mills, Lower Weston, Bath, Lime
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in 'what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in.and by
the following statement:-
This invention consists in improvements in the manufacture of bricks and building
blocks and in apparatus therefor.
According to this invention the materials used for the composition of the bricks
and blocks are lime, which has been previously ground to powder in a mortar mill

page_text: 10
or otherwise, and clinker, coal ashes, cinders, broken brick, sand, slag, burut clay,
shale, or broken stone or any other refuse or débris of a nature suitable for making
mortar. The proportion of lime used varies from 5% to 25% of the mixture,
the balance of percentage of which consists of either of the other materials aforesaid,
or of a combination of any or all of them. The variation in the proportion of lime
put in depends upon the extent to which the balance of material is rich or poor in
lime. Before admixture the lime is moistened. After admixture the ingredients
are ground together in a mortar pan, sufficient water being added during the
process of grinding to cause the mixture to become plastic. If the mixture is to be
used for bricks it is then removed to an open topped trough with hinged or removable
sides and when in a semi-dry state is cut into bricks by a hand cleaver or otherwise.
When sufficiently dry the bricks are pressed.
If the mixture is intended to be used for blocks it is, on being removed from the
grinding pan, charged into moulds preferably consisting of a band or jacket open
at top and bottom and having the sides and ends either separately removable or
hinged and so arranged as to be closed by a hasp or catch. The moulds may be
divided into compartments either longitudinally or transversely by suitable
partitions.
When the blocks are sufficiently dry to permit it, the jacket is removed and the
blocks are thereafter fully dried either by the action of the atmosphere or by
heated air.
Bricks and blocks made in accordance with this invention are not burnt in kilns
or otherwise baked.
Referring to the accompanying drawings
Fig. 1 represents in side elevation a part of a trough for use in making bricks in
accordance with this invention. Fig. 2 is an end view. Fig. 3 is a part plan.
The trough is composed of a flat bottom a to which are hinged by hinges b,
situated at suitable distances apart, the sides c. At the ends are plates d fixed by
screws or otherwise to the bottom a. When the sides are raised they are retained
in the raised position by clips e of iron, steel, or other suitable material. The
clips are readily applied and removed.
The mixture is run into such a trough and remains therein until it is in a semi-
dry state when it is cut into bricks by means of a cleaver such as is shown at Figs. 4
and 5 of the drawings which consists of metal blades f situated the width of a brick
apart and connected to a common handle f¹.
When the composition of the mixture is such that it can be run out when in a
pasty state through a die or pug mill mouth as is the case when the mixture is
composed of line and oolite stone dust, it is not charged into a trough but directly
on to an ordinary brick cutting table.
In manufacturing the mixture into building blocks of much larger dimensions
than bricks, the mixture is charged as it comes from the grinding pan into a mould
of the kind shown in end view at Fig. 6. and in plan at Fig. 7. The mould, which
is open at top and bottom, consists of wooden walls g connected by hinges h. By a
bolt shot into a socket the mould is retained closed.
compartments by suitable partitions of sheet iron or steel let into grooves cut in
It may be divided into
the walls.
When the block is sufficiently dry, the bolt i is withdrawn from the socket, ¹ and
the mould is opened out from around the block which is thereafter fully dried by
"the action of the atmosphere, or by heated air.
The moulds vary in shape according to the shape of the article required to be
produced which may be, square, rectangular, round, partially round, columnar or
of other shape.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, declare that what I
claim is
-
1. Composition for manufacturing bricks huilding blocks and the like consisting

page_text: of lime which has been previously pulverized in a mortar mill or other appliance,
and clinker, coal ashes, cinders, broken brick, sand, slag, burnt clay, shale, broken
stone, or débris of a nature suitable for making mortar; the mixture being ground
together in a mortar pan with a sufficient quantity of water to make it plastic ;
the proportion of lime varying from 5% to 25%; the remainder being either of
the aforesaid materials or a combination of any or all of them.
2. In the manufacture of bricks, of the kind set forth in the preceding claim,
settling troughs consisting of a bottom such as a with end plates such as d and
sides such as c hinged to the bottom, substantially as hereinbefore described and
shown at Figs. 1, 2 and 3 of the accompanying drawings.
3. In the manufacture of building blocks and the like of the kind set forth in
Claim 1 above; moulds consisting of side walls such as g connected by hinges and
closed by a bolt, hasp or the like the arrangement being such that when the com-
position has sufficiently dried, the mould can be wound off it, as hereinabove
described with reference to Figs. 6 and 7 of the accompanying sheet of drawings.
Dated this 16th day of October 1895.
NICHOLAS WATTS,
Bristol, Chartered Patent Agent.