IMPROVEMENTS IN HEATING AND COOKING APPARATUS
Year: 1868

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Sigismund Leoni, of 34, Saint Paul Street,
New North Road, in the County of Middlesex, Manufacturer, for
the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN HEATING AND COOKING APPARATUS."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Sigismund Leoni at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 12th October 1868.
I, SIGISMUND LEONI, of 34, Saint Paul Street, New North Road,
in the County of Middlesex, Manufacturer, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN HEATING AND COOKING
APPARATUS," to be as follows:-
My Invention with reference to cooking apparatus has for its object
the baking of bread, pastry, and meat, or roasting of various joints and
other articles of food simultaneously by means of apparatus combined
and arranged in the manner herein-after described. The apparatus for
this purpose is intended for cooking by gas, and consists of a portable or.
fixed frame or stand having a ring made of metal tubing with jets for

page_text: the emission of gas, with an arrangement for the supply of air and gas
together, also a cover of fire-clay at the top. Within this frame or
stand is placed another frame or stand supporting a similar gas ring
with its appurtenances at the lower part of the apparatus; then a frame
on a moveable carriage supported on small wheels or castors and carrying
a cylindrical case of fire-clay is moved into the first-named fixed frame
or stand and fills up the vertical space between the two gas rings, the
cylindrical case of fire-clay open at top and bottom forming a screen and
reflector for the heat evolved from the jets of the two rings. The joints
or other articles of food required to be cooked are suspended inside the
said screen by any convenient means and arranged in any convenient
manner, according to the size and particular requirements of the
apparatus, and they are cooked by means of the heat from one or both
of the gas rings, and which heat is constantly kept radiating inside the
reflector screen.
And my Invention with reference to other kinds of heating apparatus
consists in the adaptation and application to gas stoves of the moveable
carriage with the heat reflector of the kind above referred to, which in
this case carries the clay cover itself and may be ornamented with an
outside case with perforations for the requisite supply of fresh air and
the issue of heated air, such outside case being made of porcelain, or
china, or other material susceptible of becoming annealed by the heat
from the inside reflector and at the same time of being made ornamental
in appearance.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, 2
filed by the said Sigismund Leoni in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 12th April 1869.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, SIGISMUND
LEONI, of 34, Saint Paul Street, New North Road, in the County of
Middlesex, Manufacturer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twelfth day of October, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-eight, in
the thirty-second year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and
successors, give and grant unto me, the said Sigismund Leoni, Her

page_text: special licence that I, the said Sigismund Leoni, my executors, adminis-
trators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Sigismund Leoni, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with,
and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during
the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN HEATING AND COOKING APPARATUS," upon the condition
(amongst others) that I, the said Sigismund Leoni, my executors or
administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one
of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be
performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent
Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date
of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Sigismund Leoni, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement, reference being had to the Drawings
hereunto annexed and to the letters and figures marked thereon (that
is to say):-
My Invention of "Improvements in Heating and Cooking Apparatus
has for its object, with reference to cooking apparatus, the baking of
bread, pastry, and meat, or the roasting of various joints and other
articles of food simultaneously by means of apparatus combined and
arranged in the manner herein-after described.
The apparatus for this purpose is intended for cooking by gas, and
consists of a portable or fixed frame or stand with a gas ring and
arrangements for the supply of air and gas together, also a cylinder of
fire-clay open at the bottom with a cover of fire-clay at the top to act
as a reflector of heat. This cover is suspended so as to admit of its
being lifted off and let down upon the top of the said cylinder as required,
and in some cases the frame is turned on a pivot so as to remove the
cover from the cylinder, and in other cases the cylinder is mounted on
wheels and drawn out from the frame in order in either case to afford
access to the interior of the cylinder for the purpose of removing the
meat or other food therefrom when cooked. But the construction of
the apparatus so as to admit of the removal and replacing of the reflector

page_text: on the top of the fire-clay cylinder as required will be varied to suit the
different scale on which the apparatus is required to be used; in all
cases, however, the apparatus will consist essentially of a fire-clay
cylinder or screen open at the bottom to receive heat from a gas ring
and closed at the top (when in use) by a fire-clay reflector, such reflector
being removable as required. The joints or other articles of food
required to be cooked are suspended or placed inside the said fire-clay
cylinder or screen by any convenient means and arranged in any con-
venient manner, according to the size and particular requirements of
the apparatus, and they are cooked by means of the heat from the gas
ring or rings (in case more than one be employed) which heat is kept
constantly radiating inside the reflector screen.
And my Invention with reference to other kinds of heating apparatus
consists in the adaptation and application to gas stoves of the fire-clay
cylinder or screen with a heat diffuser at the bottom and a heat reflector
at the top, a space being left between the said cylinder or screen, and an
outside case of porcelain, or china, or other glazed material susceptible
of becoming annealed by heat, such outside case having perforations
for the requisite supply of fresh air and the issue of heated air, and being
made ornamental as required.
Having thus stated the nature of the said Invention I will proceed
to describe more particularly in what manner the same is to be per-
formed by reference to the accompanying Drawings, in which are
represented cooking and heating apparatus constructed in the manner
referred to.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Fig. 1 is an elevation, Fig. 2 a vertical section, and Fig. 3 a horizontal
section of a very simple form of cooking apparatus, in which the heat
reflector has to be merely lifted off and placed upon the fire-clay
cylinder or screen as required by hand; Fig. 4 represents a construction
of apparatus in which the outer frame is turned on a pivot in order to
remove the reflector from the cylinder or screen; Fig. 5 represents a
construction of apparatus in which the cylinder or screen is mounted on
wheels and drawn out from the frame to the upper part of which the heat
reflector is suspended; Fig. 6 is a plan or horizontal view of the same;
and Fig. 7 is a vertical section of the fire-clay cylinder or screen drawn
out from the frame. In these several Figures the same letters of
reference indicate corresponding parts.

page_text: With reference to the simple form of cooking apparatus shewn in
Figures 1, 2, and 3, three, four, or more legs A support an iron frame B;
from the legs project inwards spurs C, on which rests an atmospheric
gas ring D for giving the required heat. The frame B above the legs,
is enclosed within a cylinder E composed of fire-clay mixed with other
clays, plumbago, or other suitable material, and made in one piece, or in
several portions fitting one over another. This cylinder is covered with
sheet iron galvanized, and there may be a space between the clay
cylinder and the iron cover filled with non-conducting material. The
cylinder E is open at the top and bottom but it is closed as required
at top by a heat reflector F, composed of fire-clay encircled with a hoop
of iron provided with two handles G, of adamas or other non-conducting
material, by means of which the reflector is placed on and removed
from the top of the cylinder E as required. Hooks or apparatus for
suspending joints are fixed to a horizontal cross bar H at the top of the
frame B immediately under the reflector F. At I, I, are shown a series
of trays or receptacles for articles to be cooked, but the internal
arrangements may be varied. J is a pan placed under the gas ring to
receive the dripping falling from meat during the process of cooking.
It will be obvious that as the heat from the gas ring D enters the
cylinder E it will pass upward and become reflected by the reflector F
and caused to act by constant radiation upon the articles of food
contained in the cylinder. For the purpose of baking bread a diffuser
also of fire-clay is used, being placed immediately over the gas ring D;
this diffuser is of less diameter than the cylinder E, thereby leaving a
space between it and the inside of the cylinder for the heat to pass up
into the cylinder round the outside of the diffuser, on which is placed
the first receptacle for bread or other article to be baked, the others
being arranged above the same.
With reference to the apparatus represented in Fig. 4, the reflector F
is suspended over the top of the cylinder E, and lowered on to it or
lifted from it as required by means of a lever K, having its fulcrum at
L in the outer frame; this lever works in a guide frame which
terminates in a rod or pillar M, which is pivoted in a plate fixed at
5 the bottom of the cylinder E. Another portion of the said guide frame
terminates in a leg N extending to the floor and having a roller on its
lower end. By this arrangement when it is required to obtain access
to the inside of the cylinder E the reflector F is raised by means of the
lever K, and drawn aside clear of the cylinder E by moving the

page_text: frame into the position shewn by dotted lines in Fig. 4. The cylinder E
being in this case stationary the legs for supporting the same may
be mounted on wheels or not as desired. The internal arrangements
of the cylinder E may be adapted to the particular requirements of the
apparatus, which is suited for cooking larger joints than that represented
in Figures 1, 2, and 3.
Fig. 5 represents a construction of apparatus adapted for cooking still
larger joints or articles of food. In this case the outside frame is
stationary, and may or may not be on wheels. The inside frame with
the cylinder E is intended to be moved in and out as required under the
reflector after the latter has been raised by means of the lever K, as in
the former case. The inside frame is for this purpose mounted on
wheels, which may be arranged to run on rails if required. Other con-
structions of apparatus may be employed differing as to the mode or
modes of removing the reflector from the cylinder or screen if preferred;
or the screen and reflector may be made in one, and removed together,
or the cooked food may be removed from the screen by means of an
opening at the side closed by a stopper or door. And it may be here
stated that by the use of cooking apparatus of the kind described the
following advantages may be obtained (that is to say) a saving of time
and economy in the consumption of gas; also the diminution of loss
in weight of the meat through evaporation, as well as a prevention of
waste of dripping; there is also no need of a flue or chimney. It may
be observed that the gas ring may have one, two, or three rows of jets.
For baking bread on a large scale an arrangement of apparatus may be
employed consisting of a moveable inner muffle open at both ends
enclosed within an outer muffle with a gas ring or tube, with jets
inserted in the space between the two muffics. The inner muffle is
mounted on wheels so as to admit of its being drawn out with its
contents when the baking is finished; for this purpose the front of the
outer muffle is capable of opening. The inner muffle consists of a
plate of metal on which the bread can be placed covered with an arch
of fire-clay, the outer muffle being composed entirely of fire-clay, and
is formed with apertures at the bottom for the admission of air. This
arrangement of apparatus is shewn at Figures 8, 9, and 10, in which D
is the atmospheric gas ring; E', the inner muffle; and E2, the outer
muffle.
Fig. 11 is an elevation, Fig 12 a vertical section, and Fig. 13 a
horizontal section of a heating gas stove. The atmospheric gas ring D

page_text: is enclosed within an outer casing O composed of china or other glazed
material susceptible of becoming annealed by heat. This outer casing
is made in parts as shewn, and may be made ornamental; it may also
be either plain or fluted on the surface. A heat diffuser P is placed
under the gas ring D, and upon it rests the cylinder E, open at the
bottom, and covered with a reflector F. By this arrangement the heat
from the ring becomes concentrated in the cylinder E, and is thrown
down by the reflector F on to the diffuser P, whence it is caused to pass
between the cylinder E and the casing O, and thence through the
apertures in the casing into the room or place required to be heated.
On the top of the reflector is placed a basin Q filled with water, the
vapour arising from which serves to prevent the escape of the deleterious
products of combustion of the gas which are found in part to float on
the surface of the water, while the greater part thereof are caused to
adhere to the sides of the glazed casing O, and can be easily removed
therefrom. The casing has grooves R (see Fig. 11) formed in its
interior for the purpose of diminishing its tendency to crack by the
heat.
If preferred the whole of the stove above the gas ring may be made
to stand on a frame mounted on wheels, as in the case described with
reference to Fig. 5.
I would remark that all the parts herein-before described composed of
fire-clay may be made either plain or corrugated.
Having thus described the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, I hereby declare that what I claim
as of my Invention with reference to cooking apparatus is,―
First. The combination of an atmospheric gas ring not inclosed, with
a screen, reflector, and diffuser, all composed of a body made of fire-clay
or other suitable clay, the reflector being capable of being placed and
removed as required in the manner herein-before described.
And, secondly. The mounting of the frame on a carriage to admit
of its easy portability for the purpose described.
And with reference to heating apparatus I claim, the combination of
an atmospheric gas ring with a diffuser, cylinder, and reflector, the
latter carrying a vessel of water, all enclosed within a casing of china or

page_text: other suitable glazed material, whether mounted on wheels or otherwise,
as herein-before described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Sigismund Leoni, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, the Twelfth day of April, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-nine.
Witness,
WILLIAM SPENCE,
8, Quality Court.
S. LEONI. (L.S.)