IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE AND PRINTING OF RELIEVO MAPS
Year: 1883

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Henry Edward Newton of the Office for Patents
66 Chancery Lane in the County of Middlesex Civil Engineer for an
Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE AND PRINTING OF
RELIEVO MAPS" communicated to him from abroad by Monsieur Joao José de
Mendonça-Cortez of Lisbon in the Kingdom of Portugal
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Henry Edward Newton at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 2nd November 1883.
"
HENRY EDWARD NEWTON of the Office for Patents, 66 Chancery Lane in the
County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE
AND PRINTING OF RELIEVO MAPS [communicated to him from abroad by
Monsieur Joao José de Mendonça-Cortez of Lisbon in the Kingdom of Portugal]
The object of this invention is to produce in a simple and economical manner
relievo maps whether geographical, chorographical or topographical in exact
orographical and hypsometrical proportions.
To this end a number of sheets of metal, hard rubber or other suitable material
corresponding to the number of hypsometrical curves to be reproduced are first
prepared.
The sheets must be rolled polished and hardened in any convenient manner and
should be of a thickness in proportion to the scale of the relievo.
On each of the sheets thus prepared is printed or pasted, without distending or
shrinking, the map it is desired to produce in relief. The hypsometrical curves of
the map are then cut out one from each sheet by means of a vertical saw or
other suitable cutting instrument.
The pieces thus cut out of the sheets which may be termed "inner cuttings," are
fixed one over the other in proper order and position, to a board in any convenient
manner; and a rough model in relievo of the nature of the country, or a core, is
thus formed. It should here be mentioned that the printed map, if it has been
previously pasted on to the sheets, should first.be removed.
On the underside of the remaining portions of each sheet, or on what may be termed
the “ marginal cuttings” is engraved in any known manner a map of that part of

page_text: the region comprised within the hypsometrical curve that such portion or
marginal cutting ought to cover; that is to say, of the curve immediately below
the inner cutting or piece which corresponds to such portion; so that these
remaining portions or "marginal cuttings" of the several sheets of metal or other
material, when placed in proper order one above the other, will form so to speak an
engraved mould of the map.
The rough model or core prepared as above described is then covered with a
sheet of damped paper of a substance corresponding to the paper to be printed
upon, and the marginal cutting of each sheet is then carefully adjusted over the
corresponding inner cutting or piece. When all are in position two or three
adjusting holes are made round the margin, so that the marginal cuttings of each
sheet will perfectly register when placed together one above the other at a future
time. The paper for printing on is then prepared in any known manner, and is
placed on the core, the marginal cuttings are placed over it, and the whole is
subjected to pressure in any convenient manner, after which a finished model in
relief of the region will be presented but without the map.
The next operation is to print the map on the model.
The engraved marginal cuttings are first inked or coloured in any convenient
manner and they are successively placed over the model; being adjusted by means
of the holes.
The whole is then introduced into a lithographic or other press to effect the
printing of the map.
If instead of having the hypsometrical curves of the relievo in steps, it is
desired to have them continuous or natural, the inner cuttings will be cut from the
sheets, on the bevel.
The above described system or method of manufacturing relievo maps is
somewhat analogous to that described in my application for Letters Patent bearing
equal date with this and numbered, 5220 of 1888.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Henry Edward Newton in the Patent Office on the 2nd May
1884.
HENRY EDWARD NEWTON of The Office for Patents 66 Chancery Lane in the
County of Middlesex Civil Engineer "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE
AND PRINTING OF RELIEVO MAPS a communication to me from abroad by
Mons Joao José de Mendonça-Cortez of Lisbon in the Kingdom of Portugal.
"
The object of this Invention is to produce in a simple and economical manner.
relievo maps whether geographical chorographical or topographical in exact
orographical and hypsometrical proportions.
To this end a mould is prepared in a manner to be presently explained which
receiving a sheet of printing paper in a moist state will by the application of
pressure to the mould at two operations impart to the paper first the undulations
of the surface of the ground intended to be represented by the map and secondly
print upon the paper the topography of the country.
In preparing the mould a number of plates of metal, hard rubber or other
material of a given gauge and suitable for being engraved upon, are first
prepared, in number corresponding with the number of hypsometrical curves to be
reproduced.
The plates must be rolled polished and hardened in any convenient manner and
their thickness should correspond with the stepped gradients of the relievo intended
to be produced. On each of the plates is printed or pasted without distending
or shrinking a copy of the map it is desired to produce in relief.
The different hypsometrical curves are then carefully cut out one from each sheet
by means of a vertical saw or other suitable cutting instrument The pieces thus cut
out of the plates which may be termed "inner cuttings" and severally represent
a sectional plan taken at different heights of the relief intended to be reproduced,
are fixed one over the other in proper order and position to a board in any
convenient manner and a rough model in relievo of the nature of the undulations
of the country is thus formed It should here be mentioned that, tho printed map
if previously pasted onto the plates should first be removed before connecting the
pieces together.
On the underside of the remaining portions of each plate or on what may be
termed the "marginal cuttings" is engraved in any approved manner a map of
that part of the region comprised within the hypsometric curve that such portion
or marginal cutting ought to cover, that is to say, of the curve immediately below
the inner cutting or piece which corresponds to such portion so that these
remaining portions or marginal cuttings of the several plates of metal or other
material when placed in proper order one above the other will form so to speak an
engraved mould of the map.
The rough model prepared as above described is then covered with a sheet of
damped paper of a substance corresponding to the paper to be printed upon and
the marginal cutting of each plate is then carefully adjusted over the corresponding
inner cutting or piece. When all are in position two or three adjusting pin holes
are made near the margin of the superposed plates so that the marginal cuttings
of each plate will perfectly register when placed together one above the other at a
future time The plates and the sheet of damped paper are then removed
The paper for printing on, prepared in the usual manner is now placed over the
model which forms a core for the hollow mould produced by the combination of
the plates as just explained. The hollow mould is now placed over the core and

page_text: the whole is subjected to pressure in any convenient manner. A finished model
in relief of the region will thereby be produced but without the map.
The next operation is to print the map on the moulded paper.
The engraved platos are first inked or colored in any convenient manner and
they are successively placed over the model being adjusted by means of the pin
holes with which they are provided and (when all the plates are in position) by
the application of pressure thereto an imprint is given to the papor. By this
means a map in relievo will be formed the curves being arranged in steps that is to
say, the edges of each curve will be vertical.
If instead of having these hypsometrical curves of the relievo in steps or with
vertical edges it is dosired to have them continuous or natural the inner cuttings
must be cut from the plate on the bevel In this case the bevelled edges of the
marginal cuttings must receive their portion of the engraving of the map. The
bevel is obtained by giving to the saw or other cutting instrument an inclination
appropriate to the effect it is desired to obtain.
"
Having now described this Invention for "Improvements in the manufacture
and printing of relievo maps' as communicated to me from abroad and explained
the manner of carrying the same into effect I claim
The use of hollow composite engraved moulds constructed as above described
for the production by the aid of pressure of relievo maps in the manner above
set forth.
In witness whereof I the said Henry Edward Newton have hereunto sot my
hand this second day of May in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred
and eighty four.