RESERVI Carbonic Acid and other Gases.
Year: 1886

page_text: Date of Application, 23rd June, 1886
Complete Left, 23rd Mar., 1887
Complete Accepted, 10th May, 1887.
RESERVI
Carbonic Acid and other Gases.
I, PAULINE FARINAUX of Lille, in the republic of France do hereby declare the
nature of this invention to be as follows:-
This invention relates to the construction of an apparatus for regularly or methodi-
cally producing, in proportion as they are used or consumed, carbonic acid or other
gases resulting from chemical decomposition, the said apparatus also discharging or
letting off the said gases at a constant pressure.
An apparatus of this construction is susceptible of numerous applications, such as
in breweries for filtering the bottoms of beer and for saturating casks. In the sale of
beer where it is desirable to obtain carbonic acid at a low cost the said acid to be
partly absorbed by the beer so as to replace the air now employed for obtaining
pressure in casks or barrels ; for the preservation, without affecting the nature of the
fermentation, of a large number of fermented liquids and drinks during transport.
The acid can also be employed in the manufacture of cerine and in that of paper where
it can be used for bleaching the glues and resins by means of a simple current of
carbonic acid; and in a large number of other industries.
The improved apparatus is constructed of a generator having a perforated bottom
and enamelled or otherwise coated or covered so that it will not be affected by acids or
by the bases according to circumstances. The cover of the generator has a ball valve
of suitable material such as india rubber to allow of the escape of the gas arising
from the decomposition of the calcareous or other substance in the washer purifier.
From the bottom part of the washer purifier passes a perforated tube which is con-
nected with the cover by a tube. At the bottom of the generator I provide a double
valve or two separate valves, one of such valves receives the pressure of a spring or a
weight the other valve which has a specific gravity slightly greater than that of the
liquid in which it is placed is loose on its seat and exhausts into the receiver whilst
the other valve exhausts into the generator. This double valve situated at the lower
part of the generator is placed in the receiver which is provided with a door placed
opposite the double valve with an air cock; with a funnel having a valve (both of
.

page_text: "
which are placed on the cover of the apparatus but are in communication with the
receiver) and with a blow off or mud cock for the residues of the decomposition. The
receiver, and washer purifier form around the generator an annular body (divided into
two compartments) and are connected together by means of the cover with perfectly
tight joints the only means of communication between them being the said valves. A
cleaning-out door is provided at the bottom of the washer-purifier and which latter
has at the upper part an air cock and a filling cock and also an outlet for the washed
and purified gas.
The operation for producing gas (say carbonic acid gas for example) by this
improved apparatus is as follows:
The generator is about two thirds filled with fragments or chips of marble or other
suitable carbonates such as salts from molasses' distilleries or regenerated carbonate of
soda from the manufacture of paper pulp or otherwise. Water is then poured into
the generator up to about half its height and the receiver is then filled to a convenient
height (about twice the volume of the generator) with water mixed with sulphuric
acid or (if marble he employed) with hydrochloric acid. The total volume of the
receiver should be nearly three times that of the generator: When the filling of the
generator and washer purifier has been effected a quantity of hydrochloric acid is
poured onto the calcareous matter in the generator and the cover is closed with a tight
joint. The apparatus will then work regularly and automatically until the products
have been completely decomposed. The carbonic acid gas given off passes into the
washer purifier whence it is taken off to the place where it is to be employed such as
into casks or barrels of beer or otherwise and when the pressure produced is greater
than that with which the valve is charged the valve rises and the liquid acid from the
generator is forced into the receiver; as there will then be no contact between the
calcareous matter and the decomposing acid the decomposition will cease and carbonic
acid will not be produced and an equilibrium of pressure will be obtained between the
generator and the receiver as well as in the washer purifier. When the consumption
of carbonic acid shall have again reduced the pressure in the generator the lower valve
will be operated and the acid liquid will return to the generator so as to again generate
carbonic acid.
The purifying liquid employed in the washer may be either pure water or mixture of
water and carbonate of soda.
Before putting the apparatus at work the air must be driven off through the air
cocks.
From the preceding description it will be seen that my apparatus is perfectly
regular and automatic in its action; it requires no care while at work; is not liable
to escape of gas and only requires to be again fed after the complete transformation
of the calcareous and acid substances first supplied into chloride of calcium or sulphate
of lime.
Dated the 23rd day of June 1886
G. F. REDFERN,
4, South Street, Finsbury, London,
Agent for the Applicant.

page_text: An Improved Apparatus for the Manufacture or Production of
Carbonic Acid and other Gases.
I PAULINE FARINAUX of Lille, in the republic of France, do hereby declare the
nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
This invention relates to the construction of an apparatus for regularly or
methodically producing, in proportion as they are used or consumed, carbonic acid or
other gases resulting from chemical decomposition, the said apparatus also discharging
or letting off the said gases at a constant pressure.
1
An apparatus of this construction is susceptible of numerous applications, such as
in breweries for filtering the bottoms of beer and for saturating casks, in the sale of
heer where it is desirable to obtain carbonic at a low cost the said acid to be
parily absorbed by the beer so as to repl air now employed for obtaining
pressure in casks or barrels for the preservation, ithout affecting the nature of the
fermentation of a large number of fermented liquids and drinks during transport.
The acid can also be employed in the manufacture of cerine and in that of paper or it
can be used for bleaching glues and resins by means of a simple current of carbonic
acid and in a large number of other industries.
In order to enable my invention to be fully understood I will describe how it can be
carried into practical effect by reference to the accompanying drawing in which figure 1
represents a vertical section on the line, y, of figure 2 which represents a plan
partly in section of an apparatus, constructed according to my invention, for the
manufacture or production of carbonic acid and other gases. Similar letters in both
the figures represent similar paris.
The improved apparatus is constructed of a generator A, having a perforated
hottom Band enamelled or otherwise coated or covered so that it will not be affected
by acids or by the bases according to circumstances. The cover of the generator
has a ball valve D, of suitable material such as india rubber to allow of the escape of
the gas arising from the decomposition of the calcareous or other substance in the
washer purifier E, having a charging opening T.
From the bottom part of the washer purifier E passes a perforated tube F, which is
connected with the cover C by a tube G. At the bottom of the generator AI provide
a double valve H I, or two separate valves, the spherical or other shaped valve H
receives the pressure of a spring or a weight; the other ball or other valve I which
has a specific gravity slightly greater than that of the liquid in which it is placed is
loose on its seat and exhausts into the receiver K whilst the valve H, exhausts into the
generator A. This double valve H, I, situated at the lower part of the generator A,
is placed in the receiver K, which is provided with a door L, placed opposite the
double valve, with an air cock M, with a funnel N having a valve (both of which are
placed on the cover C, of the apparatus but are in direct communication with the
receiver K) and with a blow off or mud cock O, for the residues of the decomposition.
The receiver K and washer purifier E, form around the generator A an annular body
divided into two compartments. These three parts A, E, and K, are connected together

page_text: by means of the lever C, with perfectly tight joints the only means of communication
between them being the valves H, I, D. A door P, for cleaning out the residues from
the washing is also provided at the bottom of the washer purifier E, and which latter
has at the upper part an air cock Q and a filling cock R, (fixed on the cover C) and
also an outlet S, for the washed and purified gas (CO2 or other gas).
The operation for producing gas (say carbonic acid gas CO2 for example) by this
improved apparatus is as follows:-
The generator A is about two thirds filled with fragments or chips of marble or
other suitable carbonates such as salts from molasses-distilleries or regenerated carbo-
nate of soda from the manufacture of paper pulp or otherwise. Water is then poured
into the generator A, up to about half its height and the receiver K is then filled to a
convenient height (about twice the volume of the generator A) with water mixed with
sulphuric acid or (if marble be employed) with hydrochloric acid. If SO³ HO, be
einployed a weight equal to that of the calcareous material would be required and for
hydrochloric acid double this weight would be required. The total volume of the
When the
receiver K should be nearly three times that of the generator A.
filling of the generator A and receiver K has been effected a quantity of
hydrochloric acid is poured onto the calcareous matter in the generator A and
the cover C is closed with a tight joint. The apparatus will then work regularly
and automatically until the products have been completely decomposed. The
carbonic acid gas given off passes into the washer purifier whence it is taken off to
the place where it is to be employed such as into casks or barrels of beer or otherwise
and when the pressure produced is greater than that of the weight with which the
valve is provided the valve rises and the liquid acid from the generator A, is
forced into the receiver K as there will then be no contact between the calcareous
matter and the decomposing acid the decomposition will cease and carbonic acid will not
be produced and an equilibrium of pressure will be obtained between the generator A
When the consumption of
and the receiver K as well as in the washer purifier E.
carbonic acid shall have again reduced the pressure in the generator A, the lower
valve I will be operated and the acid liquid will return to the generator A so as to again
generate carbonic acid.
The purifying liquid employed in the washer may be either pure water or a mixture
of water and carbonate of soda.
Before putting the apparatus at work the air must be driven off through the air
cocks and M.
From the preceding description it will be seen that my apparatus is perfectly regular
and automatic in its action, it requires no care while at work, is not liable to escape
of gas and only requires to be again fed after the complete transformation of the
calcareous and acid substances first supplied into chloride of calcium or sulphate of
. lime.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I claim is :-
1. An apparatus for decomposing calcareous and other salts for the purpose of
obtaining gases under pressure in a regular and automatic manner corresponding to
their consumption by leaving in position the solid bodies from which the decomposing
liquids are removed when the pressure becomes too great.
2. The improved apparatus for the manufacture or production of carbonic acid and
other gases hereinbefore described and represented in the accompanying drawing.
Dad the 22nd day of March 1887
G. F. REDFERN,
4, South Street, Finsbury, London,
Agent for the Applicant.