Adding and Subtracting Machine with a Distant Total or Difference Indicator.
Year: 1899

page_text: Date of Application, 11th Nov., 1899
Complete Specification Left, 13th Aug., 1900-Accepted, 29th Sept., 1900
Adding and Subtracting Machine with a Distant Total or Difference
Indicator.
We, GUSTAV SCHWARZ, of 18, Hans Sachs Gasse, Vienna XVIII, Merchant,
and RUDOLF SCHWARZ, of 96, Währingerstrasse Vienna, XVIII, Mechanist, do
hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
--
Our invention relates to that class of machines for adding numbers together
or for subtracting one number from another, in which a typewriter, adapted to
print the numbers, is combined with a computing machine or a subtracting
machine, the succession of the figures 1, 2
8, 90 being reversed upon
the registering dises of this latter.
The invention has for its object to provide means for the total or difference to
he indicated at a place distant from that where the typewriter is operated.
According to our invention, the adding or subtracting machine is so con-
structed and arranged that, on a key of the typewriter, which comprises ten keys
corresponding to the uumerals 0. 1. 2
8, 9 being operated, as
many successive makings and breakings of an electric circuit take place, as there
are units contained in the number corresponding to the key. The said electric cir.
enit contains, beside the source of electric current, as many electro-magnets
arranged in multiple arc, as the sum is to comprise places. the said electro
magnets being arranged in the locality where the sum or difference is to be
indicated. and provisions being made for completing the electric circuit by the
shunt containing the required electro-magnet, every time the typewriter is dis.
placed according to the value of a figure, while the other shunts remain cut out.
In order to enable the typewriter to be displaced over the book into which the
numbers are to be entered, according to the value of the figures and also line by
line, we provide a frame to be clamped upon the book, a sliding carriage
adapted to be slid along the said frame, and a second sliding carriage mounted
upon the former carriage and carrying the typewriter and being movable in
transverse direction.
The typewriter is circular and movable round a pivot. It comprises ten spring
plungers carrying the type 0, 1,
8, 9. and having their inner faces pro-
vided with projections, which, on a plunger being pressed down, abut upon a
circular rail recessed at its foremost point. It will be readily understood that,
when a plunger is seized and pressed down until the projection abuts upon the
circular rail, and the typewriter is afterwards so rotated as to bring the seized
plunger into the foremost position, the inside proiection of the typewriter will
drop through the recess of the rail and the type will be printed.
Beside the inside projections referred to, which may carry anti-friction rollers.
the spring plungers of the typewriter also carry outside projections in the shane
of vertical ribs, the lengths of which are to each other as the numerals to be
printed by the corresponding plungers, that is to say, the length of the rib of

page_text: hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the follow-
ing statement:-
Our invention relates to that class of machines for adding numbers together
or for subtracting one number from another, in which a typewriter, adapted to
print the numbers, is combined with Al computing machine or subtructing
machine, the succession of the figures 1, 2
8, 90 being reversed upon
the registering discs of this latter.
The invention has for its object to provide means for the total or difference to
be indicated at a place distant from that where the typewriter is operated.
According to our invention, the adding or subtracting machine is so con-
structed and arranged that, on a key of the typewriter, which comprises ten keys
corresponding to the numerals 0, 1, 2
8, 9 being operated, as
many successive makings and breakings of an electric circuit take place, as there
are units contained in the number corresponding to the key. The said electric cir-
cuit contains, beside the source of electric current, as many electro-magnets,
arranged in multiple are, as the sum is to comprise places, the said electro-
magnets being arranged in the locality where the sum or difference is to be
indicated, and provisions being made for completing the electric circuit by the
shunt containing the required electro-magnet, every time the typewriter is dis-
placed according to the place value of a figure, while the other shunts remain cut
out.
The result of the attraction of an armature is that a dise along the edge of
which the figure 0 to 9 are marked, is turned to an extent corresponding to one
figure. In order to cause the disc corresponding to the next higher place to be
turned one numeral, when a numeral disc passes from the indication 9 to 0, a
normally interrupted electric connection runs from each shunt to the shunt con-
taining the electro-magnet which corresponds to the next higher place, and
while the numeral disc corresponding to the lower place passes from 9 to 0, a
revolving circuit maker strikes a spring terminal and thereby closes the said
electric connection.
In order to enable our invention to be fully understood we will describe the
same in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
Figure is a side elevation, and
-
Figure 2 is a plan of the typewriter and the device for displacing it accord-
ing to the place value of a figure to be printed.
Figure 3 is a section on the line 3-3, Figure 1 shewing the mechanism, by
which the circuit is closed while a numeral is being printed.
Figure 4 is a horizontal section on the line - Figure 1 shewing the sliding
contact piece closing the shunt of the electro-magnet concerned, every time the
typewriter is shifted.
Figure is an elevation illustrating how the frame carrying the typewriter is
clamped upon a book for use.
Figure 6 is a front elevation, and
Figure 7 is a section on the line 7--7, Figure 6. of numeral discs, the weight-
motors adapted to drive them, and the electro-magnets, which, by means of their
armature levers control the said motors.
Figures 8 and 9 are diagrams showing the circuit connections in the two cases
respectively where the battery is inserted as a whole in the main line, and where
it is inserted in portions in the shunts.
It will be seen from Figure 5, that the rectangular frame a, a a', a¹ can be
clamped upon the book bin which the numbers are to be entered. For this
purpose, screws a which pivot in the base plate a³ engage in topped holes in the
cross bars a¹, a' of the frame.
A carriage is adapted to be slid along the longitudinal bars a, a of the frame,
the said carriage having secured to one of its lateral slide-bars a spring c¹, which

page_text: carries a hemispherical knob. The said knob takes into recesses at formed in
the adjacent bar a at intervals corresponding to the interlinear spaces.
Beyond the
Upon the said carriage e another carriage is movable in a transverse diree-
tion, this carriage having secured to it the pivot ' and the circular rail for
the circular typewriter. The carriage supporting the typewriter is made
movable in the transverse direction in order to provide for the displacement of
the typewriter according to the place value of the figure to be printed. The dis-
placements are performed by the pinion mounted upon the longitudinally
movable carriage and gearing with a ruck c screwed to the transversely movable
carriage ¹. The pinion is driven by the toothed sector (ª having its pivot
secured to an extension of the longitudinally sliding carriage c.
pivot a lever arm is rigidly connected with the toothed sector, and a
coiled spring i has one end fixed to the said lever arm and the other end to
a laterally projecting arm e, screwed to the carriage c. The stop pins e, which
may be lowered by pressing down the corresponding keys e, keep the lever
arm co in position against the pull of the spring el. When the cross carriage c³,
and consequently the lever arm co also are in their extreme left-hand positions,
figures of the highest place value can be entered. As soon as the figure is
printed, the first of the keys c is pressed down, whereby, the first stop pin el
is lowered, and the spring is permitted to pull the arm co over the said stop
pin to the next stop pin. The toothed sector and the pinion and rack
transmit this movement to the cross carriage carrying the typewriter. When
all the parts have arrived in the positions corresponding to the entering of units,
the knob or handle of the arm may be taken hold of in order to push the
said arm over the sloped ends of the stop pins es into the position corresponding
to the entering of the next numeral. In consequence of this displacement of
the arm co, the spring e" is put in tension.
The annular typewriter is carried by the circular plate d, loosely mounted on
the pivot and having secured to it, by means of the standards d¹. a ring
in which guide-holes for the plungers carrying the types are formed. To the
lower surface of the plate d are secured brackets for the rollers running upon
the rail. The type-plungers are guided in square holes in the base-plate d
and in the ring the coiled spring keeping the said plungers raised, and
stop rollers being pivoted to the inner faces of the plungers. On a plunger
being pressed down, its stop roller bears upon the outer marginal portion of
the rail, and when the whole typewriter is then, by means of the lowered plunger
turned to the left or to the right, the type first passes over one of two inking
rollers, fastened to the rail by means of springs. Afterwards the stop roller d
drops into the recess c¹ of the rail whereby the inked type is pressed upon
the paper.
It has herein before been stated that the plunger d', while being lowered, must
cause as many successive makings and breakings of an electric circuit as there
are units in the numeral printed by the said plunger. To this effect, all plungers
except that carrying the cipher type, are provided with outwardly projecting
ribs of different heights. The said projecting rits or tappets carry along,
against the pull of springs f, f, a plate-shaped arm of an angular lever, the
other arm of which is formed by a toothed sector f*. According to the height of
the rib or tappet d, the lever arm is moved downward a longer or shorter dis-
tance. During this movement the toothed sector rotates the pinion floosely
mounted on its shaft and carrying upon its boss the ratchet wheel, at one
side, and the star-shaped contact wheel provided with nine points, at the
other side. While this rotary movement takes place, the springs f, fare put
in tension, and the ratchet wheel freely passes below the pawl g pivoted to the
toothed wheel g', which is mounted by the side of the ratchet wheel; at the same
time, a given number of the points of the contact wheel slide over the upper
surface of a contact spring h, which upper surface is coated with
insulating material. Afterwards the toothed sector
یم
and the

page_text: pinion turn in the opposite direction under the action of the springs f, f,
formerly put in tension, and the ratchet wheel carries along the pawl g
pivoted to the toothed wheel g', whereby this latter is rotated. It transmits the
movement to the pinion g², the shaft of which also carries the toothed wheel g
and this latter is in gear with a pinion mounted on the shaft of a fly g' for
checking the rate of speed. Owing to this arrangement, the return movement
takes place with a predetermined speed, moderated by the Hy g', and during
this return movement with moderated speed, the same number of points of the
contact wheel frubs along the conductive lower surface of the spring h, which
may be connected, by means of the switch lever with one pole of a source of
electricity, by preference of a galvanic battery. From the teeth of the contact
wheel, the current flows into the carriage c and cross carriage to which a
contact spring is secured. This latter bears against and rubs over a block k
of insulating material inserted in the carriage, and having as many conduc
tive contact-pieces,,
imbedded in it as the numbers to be added
may contain places. When the typewriter is displaced according to the place
value of the figure to be entered the contact spring also passes from one of the
contact-blocks,,
to another. From the contact blocks or ter-
minals,,
run as many shunts, 1, 2, ..
as there are contact-
blocks and at the place where the sum or difference for the time being is to be
indicated an electro-magnet 1, 11, 11, .
is inserted in every shunt.
Beyond the electro-magnets, the shunts may unite again and the conducting
wire may lead to the other pole of the source of current, as shewn in Figure 8.
There may however, also be separate sources of electric current inserted in every
shunt, as illustrated in the diagram Figure 9.
.
In front of each electro-magnet, there is mounted upon a shaft a numeral
disc m, having its cylindrical face divided into ten squares marked with the
Figures 1, 2,
9, 0. By the train of wheels m', m³, m³, m*, m³, m² the
shaft of the numeral disc m is driven from the shaft of the corddrum m The
suid cord-drum is loosely mounted upon its shaft, and one of its end sheaves has
secured to it a ratchet wheel ms to which corresponds a pawl m³ pivoted to the
toothed wheel m. For the purpose of winding up the cord, by which the
weight is suspended, the hollow trunnion of the drum m has secured.to it
a bevel wheel in gear with a bevel wheel q' secured to a vertical shaft g which
is provided with a crank and handle q
The armature lever r, upon which the spring exerts its pressure in such a
direction as to tend to keep the armature raised while the electro-magnet is
not excited is movable upon the pivot pin . The other arm of the arinature
lever has its free end formed like an anchor similar to that used in a clock-
escapement. The said escapement anchor takes into a ten toothed pinion
fixed to the shaft of the numeral disc m and thereby keeps the train of wheels
of the weight-motor locked so long as the armature is not attracted. When
the armature is attracted, one of the pallets or teeth of the escapement anchor r
is withdrawn from the pinion and at the same time the other tooth takes into
the next space between two teeth of the pinion, whereby the shaft of the numeral
disc is allowed to make th of a revolution.
ii
$3
Every time a numeral disc m passes to the indication
zero or beyond this
indication, it is necessary also that the numeral disc corresponding to the next
highest place should be turned to the next highest figure. In cases when the
indicated sum passes from 99 to 100, or from 999 to 1000, three or four numeral
discs must be turned simultaneously. To this end, every one of the shunts 1. 2
3, etc., is provided with a conductive connection, e,,, etc., to the shunt com-
prising the electro-magnet, which corresponds to the next highest place the said
conductive connections being interrupted at one point. For closing the inter-
ruption of any of the conductive connections, etc., at the moment when a
numeral disc indicates "zero," the shaft of the numeral disc m also carries a con-

page_text: tact arm to which corresponds a contact spring n'. The said arm and contact
spring are inserted in the electrical connections, etc., in the manner
shown in Figures 8 and 9.
It will be readily understood that it depends on the succession in which the
numerals are caused to appear behind the holes of the box containing the dises,
(i.e. 1. 2, 3 . 9, 0 or 9, 8
321) whether the machine will
act as an adding or a subtracting machine. In order to cuable one and the same
machine to be used for both purposes we provide two sets of numeral dises. To
admit of easy interchange the discs may be composed of two halves connected
for instance by a hinge and hook or in any other well known and suitable way.
When the sum or difference indicated is also to be entered in the book by
means of the typewriter, the circuit is first broken by means of the switch lever/.
The operation of the machine is as follows:-The frame is first clamped
upon the book in which the numbers are to be entered, in such a position that
the circular typewriter, when brought into its extreme right hand position has
its recess placed over the units column of the book. As already explained, the
typewriter is shifted from the left to the right by operating the keys, whereby
the corresponding stop pins are lowered and the lever el is allowed to be
drawn to the right by the coiled spring e; the movement of the lever being
transmitted, by means of the toothed sector 1, pinion c, and rack c', to the
sliding carriage, upon which the typewriter is mounted.
By holding the carriage e with both hands and pushing it forward or pulling
it backward along the bars a, a the typewriter is also adjusted over the line,
where the first number is to be printed. The knob of the spring e passing
into one of the holes a, sufficiently locks the carriage e in position.
As soon as the typewriter is thus adjusted upon the book, the lever is turned
to the left, to close the electric circuit, and the machine is thereby made ready
for operation. The contact spring then benrs upon the contact block ki,
which is the terminal of the shunt line containing the electro-magnet I, adapted
to actuate the unit computer, and consequently, this electro-magnot will he
cuergized, when the electric circuit is completed by means of the typewriter, as
already explained.
Suppose the adding discs are in the computers and they indicate the number
5.736, and that the amount 8,715 is to be added.
The operator takes hold of the plunger marked "5," presses it downward till
its roller d bears upon the circular rail, and, by means of the said plunger,
turns the typewriter to the right or to the left until the roller drops into the
recess The type at the bottom end of the plunger, which has been carried
over one of the inking rollers d, is thereby pressed against the paper of the book
and the figure "5" is printed in the units column.
While the "
five" plunger is descending, its rib moves the plate-shaped
arm of the lever ft, a distance corresponding to the height of the said
rib thereby putting the coiled spring in tension. The other arm f of the
lever of the shape of a toothed sector, causes the loose pinion ƒ³, with
which it meshes to turn 180° whereby five teeth or points of the ten-pointed con-
tact wheel, secured to the nave of the loose pinion, are caused successively to
strike the layer of insulating material upon the upper surface of the contact
spring h. At the same time, the ratchet wheel . likewise secured to the boss
of the loose pinion f, slides freely under the pawl g.
As soon as the plunger is released, its coiled spring throws it upward 5
whereby the springs f, fare allowed to return the lever finto its former
position. The returning toothed sector again moves the loose pinion f 180°,
but in the opposite direction, whereby the five points of the ten-pointed contact
wheel fare caused to strike the metallic lower surface of the spring h, and the
electric circuit is closed and broken five times. At the same time, the ratchet 5
wheel, by means of the pawk moves the wheel to which the pawl is
pivoted, and the wheel g¹ tiansmits the movement, by means of the wheels g³,

page_text: gg to the fly g', which moderates the rapidity of succession of the makings
and breakings of the electric circuit.
Every time the circuit is closed, the electro-magnet I attracts its armaturer,
and as soon as the circuit is broken again, the spring moves the armature
lever in the opposite direction. At each such double oscillation of the arma-
ture lever, the escapement anchor, integral with the said lever allows the
ten-toothed wheel to turn, under the action of the weight p', one tooth, that
is to say, a tenth of a revolution. so that the numeral disc m, fixed to the shaft
of the ten-toothed wheel, which originally presented the numeral "6" behind
the glass side of the box, will successively present "," "8," "9," "0," and "1"
While the numeral disc passes from the position "9" to the position "0," the
contact arm, which is secured to the shaft of the numeral dise, and conductively
connected with the shunt 1, strikes the contact spring a, which is in electric
connection with the shunt 2. The electro-maguet II is thereby energized, and
the tens disc is caused to turn one figure, riz. from "3" to "4.".
The units having thus been added, the operator takes hold of the thumb piece 13
of the lever, and pushes the lever to the left, over the second of the bevelled
pins The carriage c, carrying the typewriter, is thereby also moved to the
left to such an extent that the recess is brought over the tens column of the
book, and that the spring is caused to lear upon the contact_block_1ª, cor-
responding to the shunt 2.
Now, as there is one ten to be added the operator takes hold of the plunger
marked 1, depresses it, and pushes it forward, when it will print the
figures "1" in the tens column of the book, and, by means of its ribs, cause one
completion of the circuit comprising the shunt 2. Thus, the tens computer
dise mis advanced from "+" to "5 by the electro-magnet 11, controlling the
escapement of the computer's weight motor.
"
In a similar manner, the typewriter is afterwards shifted over the hundreds
column of the book, and the plunger marked "7" is pressed down and pushed
forward, in order to add i hundreds to the 7 hundreds already indicated. While
the numeral disc of the hundreds computer passes from the indication "9" to
"0," the contact arm, carried by the shaft of the disc rubs over its corre-
sponding contact spring n' and thereby closes and breaks the shunt containing
the electro-magnet IV, the effect of which is that the thousands numeral disc
advances from "5" to "G."
From what has been said the procedure for adding the 8 thousands will be
obvious.
It will be readily understood that the operator is not bound first to add units,
afterwards tens, etc., but may at pleasure begin adding at any place.
For subtracting, the numeral discs provided for this purpose are inserted, and
by entering the substrahend into the book in the manner described, the minuend
indicated by the numeral discs is diminished by that amount.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what
we claim is-
1. In an adding or subtracting machine with distant total or difference indi-
cator, the combination with a revoluble numerul dise of a motor adapted to rotate
the same, an escapement adapted to control the motor, an electromagnet whose
armature lever carries the oscillating part of the escapement, a source of elec-
tricity included in the circuit of the electro-magnet, and means for closing and
opening the circuit, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.
2. In an adding or subtracting machine with distant total or difference indi-
cator, the combination with a series of numeral discs, arranged side by side and
each having the numerals 0, 1
8, 9 marked on its circumference, of an
individual motor for each disc, adapted to rotate the same, an escapement for
each motor, adapted to control it and having its oscillating part carried by the

page_text: armature lever of an electro-magnet, an electric circuit into separate shunts of
which the electro-muguets are inserted, a contact spring adapted to be displaced
over the pole ends of the shunts, a source of electricity, normally interrupted
electric cross connections between the shunts, and means, controlled by the
motors, for closing the interruption of a cross connection every time the corres
sponding numeral dise passes from "9" to "0," substantially us and for the pur-
pose set forth.
3. In an adding or subtracting machine with distant total or difference indi-
cator, the combination with a series of revoluble numeral discs, arranged side by
side and each having the ten numeral figures marked on its circumference, of an
individual motor for each disc, adapted to rotate the same, an individual escape-
ment for each motor, adapted to control it and having its oscillatory part carried
by the armature lever of an electro-magnet, a source of electricity from one pole
of which extend branch lines containing one of the said electro-magnets each,
and ending in pole studs arranged side by side, a contact spring connected with
the other pole of the current generator and adapted to be caused to bear against
any of the branch line pole studs, a circular revoluble typewriter, connected and
moving with the said contact spring and comprising ten keys for the types 0,
1 ... 8 9, a circuit closer placed in the circuit between the contact spring
and the source of electricity. the said circuit closer being adapted to be operated
by the keys of the typewriter in such a manner that on a key being depressed
as many closings and openings take place as the figure pointed contains units,
interrupted cross connections between the shunts, and circuit closers adapted to
close the interruptions of the said connections and so controlled by the motors as
to close the interruptions every time the corresponding numeral disc passes from
"9" to "0," substantially as and for the purpose described.
4. In an adding and subtracting machine with distant total or difference indi-
cator, the combination with a circular revoluble typewriter comprising ten spring
plungers, adanted to print the types 0. 1, 8, 9, of a source of electricity,
à contact spring connected to one pole of the current generator and having its
upper surface covered with insulating material a ten-pointed contact wheel con-
nected to the other pole of the generator and adapted to strike the contact spring
with its points, a longitudinal rib formed on each type plunger except
the cipher one, the ribs being of lengths which are to one another
as 1: 2:
8: 9. according to the numerals to be printed by the
plungers, a lever adapted to be pressed downward by the rib of a lowering type
plunger, a transmitting connection between the lever and the ten-pointed contact
wheel, springs adapted to be put in tension by the lowering lever, a fly for check-
in motion, and a ratchet mechanism adapted to drive the fly while the lever is
returned by the reaction of the springs, substantially as and for the purpose
described.
5. In an adding and subtracting machine with distant total or difference indi-
cator, the combination with a frame, adapted to be clamped upon a book, of a
carriage adapted to slide along the said frame, a carriage adapted to slide upon
the former carriage in a transverse direction, a circular rail mounted upon the
upper carriage, the said rail having a recess in its marginal portion in front of
the carriage, a pivot arranged in the centre of the rail, a plate adapted to turn
around this pivot, ten spring plungers movable in holes in the plate and carrying
the types 0, 1. 8, 9, and rollers pivoted to the plungers and adapted to roll
on the rail and drop through the recess of the same, substantially as and for the
purpose described.
D
1511
1000
G. F. REDFERN & Co.,
4, South Street, Finsbury, London, Agents for the Applicants.