Improvement in Roller and Ball Bearings.
Year: 1896

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvement in Roller and Ball Bearings.
RICHARD BRENNER Engineer White House Station Road Crayford Kent do
hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
1st. In providing an arrangement of rollers, or balls, or rollers and balls, inter-
posed between a shaft and its bearing or between a hub and its bearing, whereby a
rolling contact may be maintained between the said shaft, the rollers, or balls, or
rollers and balls and the said bearing; or similarly between the said hub, rollers,
or balls, or rollers and balls, and the said bearing.
2nd. In arrangeing the rollers, or balls, or rollers and balls, in two or more
circular tiers or rows, the said circular tiers or rows to consist of (a) rollers,
(b) balls, (c) rollers and balls alternately.
3rd. In so arrangeing the said rollers and balls, that the rollers, or balls, or
rollers and balls of one circular tier or row, shall be kept apart and free from
contact of any roller or ball in the same circular tier or row, by means of the
rollers, or balls, or rollers and balls contained in the next circular tier or row of
rollers, or balls, or rollers and balls.
4th. In maintaining the rollers, or balls, or rollers and balls of the outer circular
tier or row, in position by means of one or more grooves, or ribs, flanges or
corrugations acting in conjunction with the intermediate, or inner circular tier or
row of rollers, or balls, or rollers and balls, and the said grooves, ribs, flanges,
or corrugations shall be formed either (a) upon the bearing or hub herein before
mentioned or (b) upon an independent shell, sleeve, or cylinder, which shall be
capable of being placed in position between the bearing or hub aforesaid and the
outer circular tier or row of rollers, or balls, or rollers and balls. Further, that
the groove or grooves ribs, flanges, or corrugations before mentioned, shall conform
generally to the form of the rollers, or balls, or rollers and balls of the outer
circular tier or row in such manner as to prevent the displacement of the rollers,
or balls, or rollers and balls by lateral thrust or strain. Also that the rollers, or
balls, or rollers and balls of the intermediate or inner circular tier or row, shall
conform generally to the form of the rollers, or balls, or rollers and balls of the
circular tier or row next to the aforesaid intermediate or inner circular tier or row
of rollers or balls or rollers and balls so that lateral thrust or strain may be
prevented.
5th. In maintaining in position the inner or circular tier or row of rollers, or
balls, or rollers and balls by means of cones, or ribs, or grooves, or flanges, or
corrugations fitted to, or formed upon the centre shaft to which the invention is to
be applied, the said cones, ribs, grooves, flanges, or corrugations to conform
generally to the form of the rollers, or balls, or rollers and balls of the inner
circular tier or row hereinbefore mentioned, and further that the said cones, ribs,
grooves, flanges, or corrugations formed upon or fitted to the said centre shaft,
shall act in conjunction with the rollers or balls or rollers and balls and also with
the groove or grooves ribs flanges or corrugations formed upon the bearing or
hub or upon the independent shell, sleeve or cylinder herein before described to
resist lateral thrust or strain and to provide a means of adjustment so that undue

page_text: freedom between the various parts of the invention and the bearing or hub, and
shaft to which the invention is to be applied may be prevented.
It must be understood that I do not confine myself to the method of adjustinent
herein described but will use such other well known means of adjustment as the
particular circumstances of any case may require.
Dated this 24th day of March 1896.
RICHARD BRENNER.
Improvement in Roller and Ball Bearings.
-I, RICHARD BRENNER of White House, Station Road Crayford Kent, Engineer
do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to
bé performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement :-
This invention relates to a combined ball and roller bearing or hub for shafta
and wheels and it has for its object to ensure uniform spacing of the balls so as
to entirely avoid rubbing friction between the oppositely moving surfaces of
consecutive balls.
The invention consists essentially in such a combination of bearing balls and
rollers that the rollers and balls mutually separate cach other so that the only
friction set up in the bearing is that due to rolling contact.
The invention is illustrated in the accompanying drawings forming part of this
specification in which Figure 1 is a longitudinal section of a hub for a motor car
or other wheel and Figure 2 is an end view thereof, the caps or other devices for
closing the ends of the hub being omitted.
A is the spindle or shaft journal and B the hub or -bearing., C are sleeves
slipped upon the spindle or shaft journal having coned ends which when juxtaposed
form together V-shaped circumferential roller paths or grooves for as many
annular sets of balls D to run in. There are preferably an odd number of sets of
balls, five such sets being shewn in the example illustrated. E are rollers parallel
to the spindle or shaft, in length sufficient to extend across the whole number of
sets of balls and of a diameter such that they make contact both with the balls as
hereafter described and with roller paths 6 upon the internal periphery of the hub
or bearing B. The rollers and balls are alternated or situated on alternate radii
so that each roller bears upon two adjacent balls of each set, and each ball of each
set bears upon two adjacent rollers. The rollers and balls thus mutually hold
apart each the oppositely moving surfaces of the others. The longitudinal
shifting of the rollers with regard to the bub or bearing is prevented by the
rollers being circumferentially V-grooved at the middle of their length as at f and
engaging with a corresponding V-rib F formed around the internal periphery of
the hub or bearing B whilst the longitudinal shifting of the spindle or shaft with
regard to the rollers and bearing or hub is prevented by the middle set of balls D₁
running in said groove f of the rollers as well as in the corresponding grooved
path around the spindle or shaft, the balls of this set being of correspondingly
larger diameter than those of the other sets which bear against the plain parts of
the rollers.
In order to ensure close rolling contact and enable wear to be taken up, the
sleeves C are separated by short intervals and are adjusted by a sliding movement
parallel to the axis effected from one end under the control of a nut Gat that end
holding the sleeves C against a collar a or other abutment at the other end of the
bearing, as shewn in Figure 1. Or where it is necessary to avoid disturbing the

page_text: relative positions, longitudinally, of the bearing and. spindle, this longitudinal
adjustment would be effected from both ends towards the centre of the bearing so
as not to disturb the relation of the middle set of balls with regard to the groove f
of the rollers and the rib F. The coned sleeves C are prevented from turning on
the shaft or spindle by studs or keys c fixed in the sleeves engaging in a longi-
tudiual key-way in the spindle and the slacking of the nut G is prevented by
spring pressed locking pins g fitted in the outermost sleeve engaging by their
projecting ends with notches g' in the face of the nut.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said.
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. The herein described combination, with two or more annular sets of balls
surrounding & spindle or shaft, of an annular set of rollers alternating with the
balls and making rolling contact with adjacent balls of all the sets so as to ensure
uniform spacing and prevent all rubbing contact of the balls, and of an enclosing.
hub or bearing for the rollers to run in substantially as specified.
2. The herein described combination, with three or more annular sets of balls.
running around a spindle or shaft in circumferential grooved paths formed by
juxtaposed adjustable sleeves, of an annular set of rollers alternating with the
balls and making rolling contact with adjacent balls of all the sets so as to ensure
uniform spacing and prevent all rubbing contact of the balls, and of an enclosing
hub or bearing for the rollers to run in, substantially as described, the rollers-
being circumferentially grooved at the middle of their length and engaging on the
one hand with a corresponding rib on the enclosing hub or casing and on the other-
with one of the sets of balls, substantially as specified.
Dated this 24th day of December 1896.
A. M. & WM. CLARK,
53, Chancery Lane, London, Chartered Patent Agents..