IM- PROVEMENTS IN STUD FASTENING
Year: 1878

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Friedrich Hermann Felix Engel, Civil Engineer and
Patent Agent, in the City of Hamburg, Germany, for the Invention of "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN STUD FASTENING." A communication from Otto Rafflenbeul
and A. Kahl, both of Hamburg, in the German Empire.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Friedrich Hermann Felix
Engel at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 19th August 1878.
FRIEDRICH HERMANN FELIX ENGEL, Civil Engineer and Patent Agent, in the
City of Hamburg, Germany. "IMPROVEMENTS IN STUD FASTENING." A commu-
nication from Otto Rafflenbeul and A. Kàhl, both of Hamburg, in the German
Empire.
This Invention refers to fasteners or studs for shirt sleeves and cuffs, in which
the closing and fastening is effected by a middle part which can turn and which is
between the stud plate proper and the foot of same. Studs or fasteners of this sort
as heretofore constructed have not afforded the required certainty of closure, and
the object of this Invention is to obviate this defect.
Instead of the construction as heretofore, according to which the movable centre
part has a turning movement only, this part has according to the present Invention
a turning movement as well as an up-and-down movement, whereby one or more
springs arranged inside the hollow middle part bave the constant tendency to press
it against the stud foot.
The centre part is, at the side towards the stud foot at right angles to its longi-
tudinal direction, provided with a notch or recess of the same width as the stud
foot. In the closed position this notch or recess fits over the stud foot, the spring
or springs suitably lifting the middle part.
This fastener is particularly safe, because the stud can only be opened or undone
by turning the stud plate and at the same time pushing the middle part away from
the foot, whereas by former constructions of this sort the stud plate had only to be
turned.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Friedrich Hermann Felix Engel in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 19th February 1879:
FRIEDRICH HERMANN FELIX ENGEL, Civil Engineer and Patent Agent, in the
City of Hamburg, Germany. "IMPROVEMENTS IN STUD FASTENING." A commu-
nication from Otto Rafflenbeul and A. Kàhl, both of Hamburg, in the German
Empire.
This Invention relates to stud, button; or solitaire fastenings constructed with a
turnable centre piece operating between the head and foot plate of the button.
The turnable centre piece of this improved stud, instead of having only a turning
motion on a centre pin between the head and foot plate as formerly, has also
through the action of a spring or of springs placed within or underneath the hollow
of the centre piece an up-and-down motion.
The movable centre piece is provided on its outer edge with a slot or groove at
right angles to its sidewise length, which is of the same dimensions as the length
of the foot plate of the button. When locked this groove or slot catches over and
holds the foot plate of the button, and the centre piece is by means of the spring or
springs held in position.
In order that the Invention may be well understood I will proceed to explain
the same in reference with the accompanying Drawings.
Figs. 1 to 4 show one construction of this improved stud fastening, while Figs. 5
and 6 represent a modification of the same.
ณ
Figs. 1 and 2 are side view and plan of under side respectively of the button.
when in position for holding purposes, and Figs. 3 and 4 sectional side view and
sectional plan of the button in position ready for disengagement or for application.
The foot plate a is connected to the head plate b of the button, stud, or solitaire,
or to a communicating or attaching plate c, by means of a centre pin n. The hollow
centre piece e is of elliptic form, and turns on the pin n, and is in its hollow part
furnished with one spiral spring round the centre pin n or with two springs i, i;
placed within the ends of the hollow, as is shown in the Drawing (Fig. 3). The
feet of these springs rest on the ends of a bent strips of sheet metal, which is by
means of a central boring thereof placed over the pin n. The lower parts of 8 rest
on the communication plate c or on the head plate b. The upper ends of springs i, i,
press against the top plate of e, thus keeping the centre piece separate and apart
from the head plate 6 of the button and forming a shank with swivelling centre
piece. On the top of the movable centre piece e a slot or groove is made, as shown
in Figs. 1, 2, and 3 of the accompanying Drawings. When the button (Fig. 3) has
been placed through the button hole or holes, and been turned around through a
space of 90°, the button will be at the position shown in Figs. 1 and 2. The centre
piece e when arrived at this latter position leaps through the action of the
springs i, i, outwards and catches with its groove over the foot plate a and holds
the fastening in a locked position.
In buttons of this construction having a communication or attachment plate c
as shown in the Drawings, said plate c is furnished with a projecting circular rim c¹
formed as shown in Fig. 3, and this rim c¹ prevents the cuff or other parts of the
dress from coming between the parts e and b.
In the modification shown in Figs. 5 and 6 there is furnished a flat spring i
instead of spiral springs, as before described. This flat spring is placed over the
pin n and keeps e apart from b, as shown in the sectional view Fig. 5.
Having now described the nature and particulars of the said Invention in such
wise that the same may be carried into practical effect, I claim.-
1st. The slot or groove on the top of the swivelling centre piece é, and the
application of one or more springs i to allow to the said centre piece an up-and-
down yielding motion towards the foot plate a of the button, stud, or solitaire

page_text: fastening in addition to the circular or turning motion on pin n, as and for the
purpose herein described and as shown by the Drawings.
2nd. The special constructions of the improved stud fastening, as shown in the
Figs. 1 to 4 and in Figs. 5 to 6 of the accompanying Sheet of Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said Friedrich Hermann Felix Engel, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Sixth day of February, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and seventy-nine.
FRIEDRICH HERMANN FELIX ENGEL. (L.S.)