IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CERTAIN PARTS OF MACHINERY USED IN 'SPINNING
Year: 1851

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
ONIONS, of Southwark, in the County of Surrey, Engineer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her present most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Royal Letters Patent under the Great Seal of the United Kingdom of Great.
Britain and Ireland, bearing date at Westminster, the Seventh day of February
(One thousand eight hundred and fifty-one), in the fourteenth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs, and successors; give and grant unto me, the
said William Onions, my exors, adñors, and assigns, Her especial licence, full
power, sole privilege and authority, that I, the said William Onions, my exors,
adiiors, and assigns, or such others as I, the said William Onions, my exors,
adiñiors, or assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to
time and at all times during the term of years therein expressed, should and
lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within England, Wales, and the
Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, in the Islands of Jersey, Guernsey, Alderney,
Sark, and Man, and in all Her Majesty's Colonies and Plantations abroad, my
Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CERTAIN PARTS OF
MACHINERY USED IN 'SPINNING;" in which said Letters Patent is contained a
proviso that I, the said William Onions, shall cause a particular description of
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, by an instrument in. writing under my hand and seal, to be inrolled in
Her Majesty's High Court of Chancery within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said in part recited Letters Patent, as in and

page_text: by the same, reference being thereunto had, will more fully and at large
appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
William Onions, do hereby declare that the nature of my said Invention, and
the manner in which the same is to be performed, are fully described and
ascertained in and by the following statement thereof, that is to say:-
My Invention has for its object the improvement of the manufacture of
those parts of spinning machinery called flyers and pressers, and consists of
combining the processes of casting and annealing, in making such articles,
in place of the means heretofore employed. In making flyers, for spinning
machinery, it has been usual to forge the same from iron or steel to the form
desired, and then to dress or complete the same by means of files and other
tools, all which is well understood. I would, however, state, that it has been
proposed to cast such flyers of malleable iron and other metals, in moulds or
"chills," and for such manufacture, together with other matters, Letters Patent
were granted in the year One thousand eight hundred and forty-five. I believe,
however, that such cast flyers have never come into any practical use, and I have
reason to suppose that the same are not useful. It is well known, in some
branches of manufacture, that articles of cast iron, when the iron has been
made from Cumberland and like iron ores, are very brittle, yet that the same
may be afterwards made malleable, by the process of annealing. Now, my
Invention consists of making. flyers and pressers for spinning machinery by
employing such descriptions of metal, and, as before stated, by combining the
processes of casting and annealing.
And in order that my Invention may be most fully understood, and readily
carried into effect, I will proceed to describe the means pursued by me.
I take suitable patterns of the forms of flyers desired to be cast, preparatory
to making sand moulds, and a moulder will readily make such moulds by the
aid of the patterns, in like manner to that practised when making sand moulds
for casting other articles of such descriptions of cast metal as are rendered
malleable by the subsequent process of annealing.
In making patterns for the moulder of those descriptions of flyers which
have limbs or legs, with coiled ends or eyes for the passage of the fibre, I
prefer to make the patterns with limbs or legs sufficiently long to allow of
coiling the ends of the legs or limbs of the castings to the proper form after
annealing. And in making patterns for flyers which have hollow legs or limbs,
I prefer that the patterns should be so made, and the limbs or legs so cast,
that the metal intended to form the tubular portions shall be open, in place of
cast to the finished tubular shape, and then be hammered or pressed into the

page_text: required tubular form after they have been annealed. And it will be found
conveniènt, when making sand moulds for casting flyers, which are to have
tubular limbs or legs, to employ two half patterns, as is well understood when
casting other articles where three parts of a mould are used, such half patterns
going together by means of holes and pins, and in making a sand mould the
workman proceeds as follows:--He takes one of the halves of the pattern of a
flyer, and places the flat surface thereof on to a board, on which board he
places a box or flask, and rams in the sand, the effect of which will be that
the hollow portions, which in the casting are to be bent to form the tubular
parts of the legs, will be filled with sand, and the pattern will be closed in on
all sides. The box is then to be turned over, and the flat board removed; the
moulder then removes the sand out of the hollow parts of the legs of the half
pattern, in an inclined or slanting direction, till he comes to the outer edges of
the half pattern; the other half pattern is then to be placed correctly on to the
one in the sand, the workman dusts over the part of the sand mould where he
has cut away, so as to produce a parting; he then fills in the sand into the
hollow portions of the pattern of the limbs or legs, and inclines the outer
surfaces of the sand from the upper edges of the pattern down to the edges of
the like incline, which he has formed by cutting away the previously formed
part of the mould; he then dusts the surface of the mould, and places another
box or flask in position, and rams in the sand. By these means a sand mould
is produced, consisting of three parts; the workman then takes off the upper
box or flask, and removes one-half of the pattern; he then puts the upper
half of the mould on to the other, and turns the mould over, and takes off the
half mould which is then uppermost, by which he is enabled to remove the
other half of the pattern; the workman then completes his mould, and runs in
the metal. By these means, as will readily be understood by the workman,
the casting of the legs or limbs of such descriptions of flyers may be accom-
plished without the use of cores in making the hollow limbs, but this is not
essential, as other means of casting may be resorted to. The castings of iron
thus obtained are in a brittle state, and are not capable of beneficial use in
this condition; they are therefore to be subjected to the process of annealing,
which is performed, as is well understood, by persons accustomed to such
process when making other articles, by placing the cast flyers made of the iron
above mentioned into iron pots or boxes, and surrounding them with powder,
generally of Cumberland ore, but other materials are sometimes used; such
pots or boxes are then to be placed into a suitable furnace, and heated
gradually up to a red heat, and the same heat is to be maintained for a greater
or less time, according to the size of the flyers under process, as is the case

page_text: when annealing other articles made of like cast metal; the thicker the metal,
the more time is required. And I have found that for full-sized flyers for
roving machines, that the red heat being maintained for about ninety-six hours
is sufficient, whilst a lesser time is required for flyers of smaller sizes, all which
will readily be understood by persons accustomed to anneal other articles made
of like iron. The flyers thus cast and annealed are then to be finished in like
manner to those heretofore made by forging, but the tubular portions of the
legs are to be bent or hammered into shape when cold, and such is the case in
respect to bending the ends into coils or eyes for the passage of the fibres to
the bobbins. Pressers proper for the flyers will be cast and annealed in like
manner in place of forging, as heretofore.
Having thus described the nature of my Invention, and the manner of
performing the same, I would have it understood that what I claim is, the
manufacture of flyers and pressers for spinning machinery, by casting them as
herein described, and then causing them to be annealed.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Onions, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Sixth day of August, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-one.

page_text: En the Matter of a Patent, granted to William Onions, of Southwark,
in the County of Surrey, Engineer, for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANU-
FACTURE OF CERTAIN PARTS OF MACHINERY USED IN SPINNING," bearing
date at Westminster, the Seventh day of February; One thousand
eight hundred and fifty-one, in the fourteenth year of the reign of
Her, present most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, to which
Letters Patent à Specification was duly inrolled. .
WHEREAS by Indenture of Assignment, bearing date the Fifth day of
March, One thousand eight hundred and fifty-one, for the considerations
herein mentioned, the said Letters Patent, and all rights and privileges con-
ferred thereby, were assigned to Henry Vallance, of 20, Essex Street, Strand,
in the County of Middlesex, Solicitor, upon the trusts therein mentioned.
DISCLAIMER proposed to be entered by the Assignee of the said Letters
Patent, according to the Statutes in that case made and provided.
WHEREAS in the said Specification, amongst other things, a mode of
manufacturing pressers used in spinning machinery was described and claimed;
and it has been since ascertained that such part of the Invention was not new,
for which reason, I, the said Henry Vallance, wish to disclaim, and I do
hereby disclaim, all those parts of the said Specification which describe and
claim the making of pressers.
In witness whereof, I, the said Henry Vallance, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Fourteenth day of April, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-two.
To the Clerk of the Patents of England.
H. VALLANCE. (L.S.)
This is to certify, that the above-named Henry Vallance has applied to me
for leave to enter with you the above-written Disclaimer of part of the Speci-
fication of a certain Invention, for which Letters Patent were granted to
William Onions, of Southwark, in the County of Surrey, Engineer, for
Improvements in the Manufacture of certain Parts of Machinery used in
Spinning," bearing date at Westminster, the Seventh day of February, One
thousand eight hundred and fifty-one, under the Great Seal of Great Britain,

page_text: and to which a Specification was duly enrolled; and having considered of the
above application, and no objection having been made to the same, I hereby
grant leave to the said Henry Vallance to file his said Disclaimer, pursuant to
the Statute passed in the fifth and sixth years of the reign of His late Majesty
King William the Fourth, entitled "An Act to amend the Law touching
Letters Patent for Inventions,. and seventh and eighth Victoria, Chapter 69.
Temple, April 16th, 1852.
AND BE IT REMEMBERED, -that on the Fourteenth day of. April, in the
year of our Lord 1852, the aforesaid Henry Vallance came before our said
Lady the Queen in Her Chancery, and acknowledged the Disclaimer aforesaid,
and all and every thing therein contained and specified, in form above written.
And also the Disclaimer aforesaid was stamped according to the tenor of the
Statute made for that purpose.
Enrolled the Eleventh day of May, in the year of our Lord One thousand
eight hundred and fifty-two.