IMPROVEMENTS IN THE FILTRATION OR SEPARATION OF MINERAL OR OTHER OIL FROM OLEAGINOUS MATTER, CR FROX MATTER OR COMPOUNDS CONTAINING OIL, AND IN APPARATUS THEREFOR, APPLICABLE ALSO TO THE FILTRATION OF SOME OTHER MATTERS
Year: 1871

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Heinrich Stapfer, of Manchester, in the County
of Lancaster, Dentist, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
FILTRATION OR SEPARATION OF MINERAL OR OTHER OIL FROM OLEAGINOUS
MATTER, CR FROX MATTER OR COMPOUNDS CONTAINING OIL, AND IN APPARATUS
THEREFOR, APPLICABLE ALSO TO THE FILTRATION OF SOME OTHER MATTERS."
Sealed the 26th March 1872, and dated the 2nd October 1871.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Heinrich Stapfer
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 2nd October 1871.
I, HEINRICH STAPPER, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster,
5 Dentist, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE FILTRATION OR SEPARATION OF MINERAL OR OTHER OIL
FROM OLEAGINOUS MATTER OR FROX MATTER OR COMPOUNDS CONTAINING OIL,

page_text: AND IN APPARATUS THEREFOR, APPLICABLE ALSO TO THE FILTRATION OF SOME
OTHER MATTERS," to be as follows :—
My Invention relates more particularly to the treatment of oil or of
oleginous or fatty matter or compounds, such as for example the
foots from olive or other oil, grease recovered from scouring liquors, f
and oil or grease containing acid in order to separate the clear or fluid
oil therefrom, and is also applicable to the treatment of some other
matters, as for example of beeswax.
For this purpose I usually in the first place subject the said oil
or matter to a preparatory filtration in order to remove the grosser 1
impurities. The oil or oleaginous or other matter is caused to flow through
the filtering medium, which may be formed as herein-after described, by
the pressure of the atmosphere, the said oil or matter being removed
from within the enclosed space into which it flows after passing
through the said filtering medium by means of a pump or of pumps. 1
The said oil or matter is forced by means of a force pump or of force
pumps into an apparatus of sufficient strength to withstand an internal
pressure of great amount, say for example, of one ton to five tons on
each square inch.
The said apparatus is constructed of cast iron, or gun metal, or other 2
suitable metal, and in two or more parts so fitted and bolted together
as to be capable of being readily disunited; the bolts or connections
being of a strength suitable to the strain to which they are subjected
when the said matter is forced into the apparatus as aforesaid. The
said apparatus is fitted or provided with a filter, consisting of layers of 2
metallic gauze, resting on a perforated steel plate and covered with buff
leather or with other suitable leather or material, the said layers of
gauze being of varying degrees of fineness and so arranged as that the
oil shall first flow through the finest gauze and shall flow successively
through layers of gauze becoming coarser, that is to say, increasing in 8
the size of mesh, until the said perforated plate is reached, the coarsest
gauze resting on the said plate. The oil flowing through the said plate
enters a cavity or recess which is divided by ribs or partitions into a
number of cells, all of which communicate with the exit passage for
the oil; the said ribs or partitions extending from the bottom of the 8
cavity to the said plate and enabling the said plate to withstand the
pressure. The apparatus may in some cases be fitted with more than
one filter.

page_text: In some cases I place within the said apparatus soda chrystals or
other suitable substance capable of neutralising any acid which may be
contained in the oil. The oleaginous matter is forced into the said
apparatus until there is a sufficient pressure within the said apparatus
to cause the fluid oil to flow through the pores of the said filter or
filters, the coarser or more solid matter or matters remaining within
the apparatus, from whence it or they may be removed at intervals
after disconnecting the parts of which the said apparatus is composed
as aforesaid.
It is of advantage in most cases to heat the apparatus to some extent,
and for this purpose I provide the filtering apparatus or each of the
two portions of the said apparatus with a steam jacket, or. I adopt
other means for heating the said apparatus as may be found most
suitable.
5 SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Heinrich Stapfer in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 1st April 1872.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, HEINRICH
STAPPER, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Dentist, send
0 greeting.
Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Second day of October, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-one, in the thirty-
fifth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give
5 and grant unto me, the said Heinrich Stapfer, Her special license
that I, the said Heinrich Stapfer, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, or such others as I, the said Heinrich Stapfer, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no
others, from time to time and at all times thercafter during the
terin therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise,
and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland,
the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE FILTRATION OF OR SEPARATION OF MINERAL OR OTHER OIL FROM
OLEAGINOUS MATTER OR FROM MATTER OR COMPOUNDS CONTAINING OIL, AND IN
APPARATUS THEREFOR, APPLICABLE ALSO TO THE FILTRATION OF SOME OTHER

page_text: MATTERS," upon the condition, amongst others, that I, the said Heinrich
Stapfer, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing
under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly
describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed 5
in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
•
that I, the said Heinrich Stapfer, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained 1
in and by the following statement and accompanying Drawings, that is
to say:
My Invention relates more particularly to the treatment of oil or of
oleaginous or fatty matter or compounds, such as for example the
"foots" from olive or other oil, grease recovered from scouring liquors, 1
and oil or grease containing acid, in order to separate the clear or fluid
oil therefrom, and is also applicable to the treatment of some other
matters, as for example beeswax.
For this purpose I usually in the first place subject the said oil or
matter to a preparatory filtration in order to remove the grosser 2
impurities. The oil or oleaginous or other matter is caused to flow
through the filtering medium by the pressure of the atmosphere, the
said oil or matter being removed from within the enclosed space into
which it flows after passing through the said filtering medium by
means of a pump or of pumps. The said oil or matter is then forced by 2
means of a force pump or of force pumps into an apparatus of sufficient
strength to withstand an internal pressure of great amount, say for
example, of one to five tons on each square inch.
The said apparatus is constructed of cast iron, or gun metal, or other
suitable metal, and in two or more parts so fitted and bolted together 3
as to be capable of being readily disunited; the bolts or connections
being of a strength suitable to the strain to which they are subjected
when the said matter is forced into the apparatus as aforesaid. The
said apparatus is fitted or provided with a filter, consisting of layers of
metallic gauze, resting on a perforated steel plate and covered with buff 8
leather or with other suitable leather or material, the said layers of
gauze being of varying degrees of fineness and so arranged as that the

page_text: oil shall first flow through the finest gauze and shall flow successively
through layers of gauze becoming coarser, that is to say increasing in
the size of mesh, until the said perforated plate is reached, the coarsest
gauze resting on the said plate. The oil flowing through the said
plate enters a cavity or recess which is divided by ribs or partitions into
a number of cells, all of which communicate with the exit passage for
the oil; the said ribs or partitions extending from the bottom of the
cavity to the said plate and enabling the said plate to withstand the
pressure. The apparatus may in some cases be fitted with more than
one filter.
In some cases I place within the said apparatus soda crystals or
other suitable substance capable of neutralising any acid which may be
contained in the oil. The oleaginous matter is forced into the said
apparatus until there is a sufficient pressure within the said apparatus to
cause the fluid oil to flow through the pores of the said filter or filters,
the coarser or more solid matter or matters remaining within the
apparatus, from whence it or they may be removed at intervals after
disconnecting the parts of which the said apparatus is composed as
aforesaid.
It is of advantage in most cases to heat the apparatus to some extent,
and for this purpose I provide the filtering apparatus or each of the
two portions of the said apparatus with a steam jacket, or I adopt
other means for heating the said apparatus as may be found most
suitable.
'
In order that my Invention may be fully understood I will in this
place refer to the accompanying Sheet of Drawings, which illustrate my
method of carrying the said Invention into practical effect.
Fig. 1 is an elevation of the apparatus, shewn partly in longitudinal
section, and drawn about one-eighth of the full size. Fig. 2 is an end
view, and Fig. 3 a side view of the said apparatus, both views being in
elevation.
In the said Figures a is a wrought-iron chest or casing, which is
made suitable for the admission of steam thereinto, and constitutes the
framing of the apparatus. In the said chest is mounted the low-
pressure filter 6 and the high-pressure filter c. The casing of the low-
pressure filter is or may be made of cast iron, and is formed with a
flanch, by means of which it is bolted or secured to the upper plate or

page_text: cover of the chest a, as shewn at Fig. 6, which is a plan of the said
chest, a suitable packing being interposed between the said flanch and
the said cover. The filtering bed d is or may be composed of layers of
wire gauze resting on a perforated plate e, which is supported by a
Blanch which is cast on the inside of the filter casing. The said layers
of wire gauze vary in degrees of fineness and are arranged as herein-
before mentioned. A pipef connects the space below the said filtering
bed with the inlet pipe of a hydraulic pump g which is fixed to the side
of the chest a. The "ram" of the said pump is actuated by means of the
shaft h, on one end of which is fixed a face plate in which is fixed a
crank pin, which is connected by the rod or link i with the said ram;
a pair of "fast-and-loose strap pulleys" h¹ being fixed and mounted on
the other end of the shaft. The said pump is or may be provided
with a safety valve and with a pressure gauge as represented. The
outlet pipe passes through the side of the chest and is connected with
the inlet chamber' k of the high-pressure filter c. The casting which
forms the said inlet chamber is firmly bolted or secured to the casting
which forms the outlet chamber; the joint between the said
castings being turned so as to produce a correct fit. In the example
ribs are turned on one casting and corresponding grooves in the other
casting in order to facilitate the securing together of the two castings
and to assist in maintaining a tight joint. The casting which forms the
chamber is shewn in plan at Fig. 5, wherein m, m, are the aforesaid
radial ribs, which extend from the shell of the said casting to the
perforated steel plate n, and are turned or faced on their upper edges:
in order that the said plate may "bed" thereon. The said plate is
supported by the said ribs, and constitutes a support for the filtering
bed o. The said bed is formed principally of metallic gauze, as herein-
before mentioned, the coarsest gauze being next to the perforated
plate n, and the layers being composed of finer gauze as they are
situated farther from the said plate, the outer layer or layers being
composed of the finest or nearly the finest wire gauze which can be
manufactured. The said layers of gauze are covered by preference with
a layer or with two or more layers of buff or other suitable leather, or
with other similar or suitable material, or with one or more layers of a
suitable woven or felted fabric with an outer covering of leather. The
said filtering bed is secured in position by means of the ring and
screws p, p. The upper casting is provided with trunnions, which are
fitted to revolve in the upper ends of the two bars q, q, the trunnion r

page_text: being hollow and acting as the outlet for the filtered oil. The said bars
are formed with "rack teeth" with which gear pinions 8, 8, which are
fixed on a shaft which is fitted to revolve in bearings fixed to the sides
of the chest a and passes through a steam-tight tube which extends
across the interior of the said chest. On rotating the said shaft by
means of a handle after the "nuts which secure the castings together
have been removed, the said upper casting may be separated from the
lower casting and be turned over by means of the handlet which is fixed
on one of the said trunnions, and which is retained in either of two
positions by means of the notch plate u. ⠀
The action of the apparatus is as follows:-The oil or other
matter is placed in the filter 6 and is forced by atmospheric pressure
through the filtering bed d in a partly filtered condition, the said
pressure being due to the action of the pump, as will be understood..
The said pump withdraws the partly filtered oil or matter from below
the said filtering bed and forces it through the pipe ; into the
chamber of the filter c; and the action of the pump continuing the
filtered oil or matter is forced through the second filtering bed o into
the chamber 1, from whence it flows through the pipe or hollow
trunnion r. The impurities remaining on the filtering bed d may be
readily removed at intervals. The matter separated by the filtering
bed o is also removed at intervals, and for this purpose it is necessary to
remove the nuts from the bolts which hold the two castings together.
The upper casting is then raised by turning the shaft on which the
pinions 8, 8, are fixed, and the said casting is turned over so that the
filtering bed is uppermost. The impurities or matter may then be
readily removed from the surface of the said filtering bed, and if
desirable the contents of the chamber k may be returned to the
filter b.
When it is desirable to employ heat to expedite the process of
filtration steam is admitted through the valve into the interior of
the chest. The water arising from the condensation of the steam is
discharged through the cock or valve w.
A glass gauge z indicates the accumulation of water within the said
chest and a thermometer u the temperature of the interior thereof

page_text: .
Invention, and the means whereby I carry the same into practical effect,
I would have it to be understood that I claim,―
First. The high-pressure filter c, constructed and arranged sub-
stantially as herein-before described, and indicated, and as illustrated in
the accompanying Drawings.
Secondly. The combination of the. low-pressure filter with the high-
pressure filter, substantially as and for the purposes herein set forth and
indicated.
Thirdly. The method of forming the filtering bed or beds as hercin-
before described.
And, lastly. The combination and arrangement of parts forming the
complete apparatus for the purposes herein set forth and indicated,
substantially as described and illustrated herein-before, and by the
accompanying Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said Heinrich Stapfer, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Thirtieth day of March, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-two.
Signed and sealed by the said
Heinrich Stapfer, in the
..presence of
EDWARD K. DUTTON,
HEINRICH STAPFER. (L.S.)
Agent for the Patentee,
3, Smithy Door,
Manchester.