Improvements in or relating to Horizontal Wind Mills or Motors.
Year: 1896

page_text: Date of Application, 14th May, 1896
Complete Specification Left, 13th Feb., 1897-Accepted, 13th Mar., 1897
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in or relating to Horizontal Wind Mills or
Motors.
I, JOHN WILLIAM COOPER, of 1 Vale Cottages, Heath End, Farnham, in the
County of Surrey, Carpenter, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be
as follows:-
My invention relates to wind mills or motors.
The main objects of my invention are to provide
1st. A horizontal wind motor so constructed as to prevent its being destroyed
or blown down, by the pressure of wind on the sails or actuating surfaces,
receiving the power of the wind, during a gale or extra strong wind.
2nd. To provide a horizontal wind motor in which the sails or actuating surfaces
receiving the power of the wind are so regulated or adjusted as to allow of the
wind motor to work up to a given pressure of wind, but upon the wind becoming
destructive or stronger than the given pressure it (the wind) will blow the sails out
of action, or into such a position that will allow the wind to pass by or through
the apparatus without acting upon the sails so as to cause the motor to revolve.
The motor thus stopped working remains at rest until the wind force decreases
to, or below the given pressure when the sails will come again into action, and the
wind motor goes on working.
In carrying my invention into practise, according to one form or modification of
same, I provide a central vertical shaft arranged to revolve in ball or other
suitable bearings.
To the shaft is attached suitable skeleton framework consisting primarily of
upper and lower rings, or rims connected together and kept vertically apart at the
required distance by suitable vertical stays or supports, and between the upper
and lower rims I provide, at equal distances apart and in any convenient number,
vertical spindles, or masts working in ball or other suitable bearings in which they
are free to rotate.
To the masts I attach the wind sails which when acted upon by the wind are
free to swing backwards and forwards to a desired limited extent by reason
of their being mounted upon and attached to the aforesaid rotating masts or
spindles.
To limit the swing of the sails to the desired travel and to hold them in the best
position for receiving the force of the wind I provide indiarubber or other suitable
springs fitted to the sails in the following manner viz. :-Along the top and bottom
edges of the sails, rods are suitably fixed, on each rod is provided an adjustable
sliding collar, to each such adjustable sliding collar I suitably attach one end of
one of the said springs the other end of spring is attached to an adjustable sliding
collar which is fitted and adjusted on one of the rims or other convenient part of
the skeleton framework. The springs can be adjusted to hold the sails in any
desired position for receiving the force of the wind for giving power to work
the motor.
Upon the wind becoming too strong the springs will stretch and allow the sails
to be blown out of action but upon the force of the wind moderating to its former
pressure the springs contract and bring the sails back into their proper position

page_text: for re-action. The greater the distance that the vertical spindles or masts are
from the points along the rods where the ends of the springs are adjusted and
fixed the greater will be the force of wind required to blow the sails out of
action.
Thus it is evident that the sails may be adjusted to withstand (practically) any
desired pressure of wind. The aforesaid vertical supports to and between the
rims are fixed in such positions so as to prevent the sails swinging too far round to
the left or right when being blown out of action by strong winds and in order to
prevent noise and break the concussion caused by the sails coming in contact with
the vertical supports aforesaid I provide and fix, in any suitable position to the
said supports suitable buffers or springs.
Various modifications may be made in the details of my apparatus without
departing from the nature of my invention, for instance, according to another form
or modification of same, instead of using indiarubber or other springs for adjusting
and regulating the sails in manner hereinbefore described, I may arrange that the
vertical supports, to and between the horizontal rings or rims of the framework,
shall be made in the form of vertical spiral pillars or columns upon which I mount
weights or weighted wheels arranged to travel up and down the said pillars
loosely by means of lines wound round the wheels the ends of the lines being
conveyed by pulleys or other suitable means to the sails and attached to same for
the purpose of holding them in position to receive the force of the wind.
When the wind becomes too strong and overpowers the weights, or weighted
wheels, the sails will be blown out of action taking the lines with them and thus
causing the weights to revolve (by the unwinding of the lines) and rise a certain
distance up the vertical pillars where they remain until the force of the wind
abates when they will return to their normal position of rest bringing back the
sails to their former positions.
When making a very large motor I may provide rollers, or wheels or other
suitable bearings for the motor to revolve upon.
I do not limit myself to the use of indiarubber, or any particular kind of
springs for the purpose of controlling the wind sails in manner described, but I
may use weights or lever, or any kind of mechanism suitable for the purpose in
view, without departing from the nature of my invention.
The sails or actuating surfaces receiving the power of the wind may be made to
any desired form and of any suitable material or combination of materials.
Dated this Thirteenth day of May 1896.
JOHN WILLIAM COOPER.
Herbert P. Blake,
70 High Street, Southampton, Agent for the Applicant.
Improvements in or relating to Horizontal Wind Mills or
Motors.
I, JOHN WILLIAM COOPER of 1 Vale Cottages, Heath End, Farnham in the
County of Surrey, Carpenter, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in
what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement :-
My invention relates to wind mills or motors of the type in which the wind sails
or surfaces for receiving the wind force are placed in vertical planes.
The main objects of my said invention are to provide
1st. A horizontal wind motor so constructed as to prevent its being destroyed or

page_text: blown down by the pressure of wind on the sails or actuating surfaces receiving
the power of the wind, during a gale or extra strong wind.
2nd. To provide a horizontal wind motor in which the sails or actuating surfaces
receiving the power of the wind are so regulated and adjusted as to allow of the
motor to work up to a given pressure of wind, but upon the wind becoming
destructive or stronger than the given pressure it (the wind) will blow the sails
out of action or into such a position that will allow the wind to pass by or
through the motor, without acting upon the sails so as to cause the motor to
revolve.
The motor thus stopped working remains at rest until the wind force decreases
to or below the given pressure when the sails will come again into action and the
motor goes on working.
In the accompanying drawings I have shewn what I consider to be the best
means of carrying out my invention in which :-
Fig. 1. is a vertical sectional elevation taken on the line a, a, (Fig. 2) shewing
a wind mill or motor constructed according to one form of my invention.
Fig. 2. a sectional plan on the line b, b, (Fig. 1).
Figs. 3, 4, 5, and 6, shew views of details hereinafter described.
Like letters in the various views indicate corresponding parts throughout the
drawings.
In carrying my invention into practise, according to one form or modification
of same, I provide a central vertical shaft A, arranged to revolve ou ball thrust
bearings B, or other suitable bearings, and in bearings P, or similar thereto,
supported on struts P', or other suitable supports.
To the shaft is attached suitable skeleton framework consisting primarily of
upper and lower rings or rims C, C, connected together and kept vertically apart
at the required distance by suitable vertical and diagonal stays or supports D, D,
and between the upper and lower rims C, C I provide at equal distances apart,
and in any convenient number, vertical spindles or masts E, E, working in ball or
other suitable bearings F, F, in which they are free to rotate.
To the masts I attach the wind sails G, G, which when acted upon by the wind
are free to swing backwards and forwards to a desired limited extent by reason of
their being mounted upon and attached to the aforesaid masts or spindles, the
rotary movement of the masts and sails being controlled in manner hereafter
described.
Figs. 3, and 4, shew respectively details to enlarged scale of a part of my
apparatus in sectional elevation, taken on the line c, c, (Fig. 4), and Fig. 4. a plan
view taken on the line d, d, the views shewing in detail the manner of fitting the
masts E, E, sails G, G, and other details hereinafter described.
Figs. 5 and 6 are respectively enlarged scale views of a part of my apparatus
in elevation, partly in section, taken on the line f, f, and plan of same at and below
the line e, e, shewing parts of the masts E, E, and sails G, G, with modifications
in detail, hereinafter described, to that shewn by Figs. 3 and 4.
To limit the swing of the sails to the desired travel and to hold them in the
best position for receiving the force of the wind I provide indiarubber or other
suitable springs H, H, fitted to the sails in the following manner viz. :-Along the
top and bottom edges of the sails, rods J, J, are suitably fixed, on each rod is
provided an adjustable sliding collar K, to each such adjustable sliding collar
I suitably attach one end of one of the said springs H, the other end of spring is
attached to an adjustable sliding collar K which is fitted and adjusted on the
rims C, and C¹ respectively, or other convenient part of the skeleton framework.
The springs H, H, can be adjusted to hold the sails in any desired position for
receiving the force of the wind, for giving power to work the motor.
Upon the wind becoming too strong the springs will stretch and allow the sails
to be blown out of action into the position as shewn by dotted lines (Fig. 2.); but
upon the force of the wind moderating to its former pressure the springs contract
and bring the sails back into their proper position for re-action,

page_text: The greater the distance that the vertical spindles or masts E, E, are from the
points along the rods J, J, where the ends of the springs are adjusted anÌ fixed,
the greater will be the force of wind required, to blow the sails out of action.
Thus it is evident that the sails may be adjusted to withstand (practically) any
desired pressure of wind. The aforesaid vertical supports D, D, to and between
the rims C, C are fixed in such positions so as to prevent the sails swinging too far
round to the left or right when being blown out of action by strong winds, and in
order to prevent noise and break the concussion caused by the sails coming into
contact with the vertical supports aforesaid I provide and fix in any suitable
position to the said supports suitable buffers or springs L. L.
Various modifications may be made in the details of my apparatus without
departing from the nature of my invention, for instance, according to another form
or modification of same instead of using indiarubber or other springs II, H,
adjusting and regulating the sails in manner herein before described, I may arrange
that the vertical supports to and between the horizontal rings or rims of the
framework shall be made in the form of vertical spiral pillars or columus upon
which I mount weights or weighted wheels arranged to travel up and down the
said pillars loosely, by means of lines wound round the wheels the ends of the lines
being conveyed by pulleys or other suitable means to the sails and attached to
same for the purpose of holding them in position to receive the force of the
wind.
When the wind becomes too strong and overpowers the weights or weighted
wheels the sails will be blown out of action taking the lines with them thus causing
the weights to revolve (by the unwinding of the lines) and rise to a certain distance
up the vertical pillars where they remain until the force of the wind abates when
they will return to their normal position of rest bringing back the sails to their
former positions.
When making a very large motor I may provide under the lower rim C' rollers
or wheels or other suitable bearings for the motor to revolve upon, in addition to
the bearings B, and P.
I do not limit myself to the use of indiarubber or any particular kind of springs
for the purpose of controlling the wind sails in manner described, but I may use
weights or levers or any kind of mechanism suitable for the purpose in view without
departing from the nature of my invention.
For instance, referring to Figs. 5 and 6, instead of using indiarubber springs as
shewn and hereinbefore described-with reference to Figs 3 and 4 more especially-
I may use springs M, for controlling the sails or actuating surfaces.
In fitting this type of spring I first provide on the lower end of the masts E, E,
over the top of the bearing F, a fitting U, which is fixed to the masts, the sails G,
being secured to this fitting. Upon the rim C¹ I fit adjustable collars K³ K³, the
spring M, will be fixed between the said collars in manner shewn the outer enl
of spring being secured to the collar K, and the inner end to the collar K³, by an
intermediate length of chain U', or its equivalent, this adjustment is only for the
purpose of holding the spring M, in position on the rim. To the inner end of
spring M, a chain V, or its equivalent, is attached with two other short
lengths V, VI, shackled to the chain V, at V the other ends of the chains V, VI,
are bolted or otherwise secured to the outer rim of the semicircular fitting U, at
any of the positions as desired marked W, W, W*
The action of this modified arrangement is as follows. When the pressure of
the wind upon the surface of the sail causes the mast E, and therefore the fitting U,
to rotate it stretches the spring M, and upon the pressure of the wind decreasing
the spring contracts bringing the sail into its original position.
These fittings can be supplied to either the top or bottom part of the mast or to
both top and bottom of same.
The drawings shew the ends of the chains V, V, secured at W, W', but when
greater power is required from a giveu pressure of wind the ends of the
chains V, VI, will be removed to either of the points W, W, on either side on

page_text: the outer rim of fitting U, and if less power is required the ends of chains V', V¹,
are removed to the points W, W.
The motive power of the motor may be transmitted and utilized by means of
any suitable gearing, for instance I may provide on the shaft A, a tooth wheel R,
and gear with same another tooth wheel or pinion S, mounted on a horizontal
shaft T, which will during its revolution, drive any machinery with which it is
geared.
The sails or actuating surfaces receiving the power of the wind may be made
of any suitable material or combination of materials.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is :-
1st. The improved wind motor of the type in which the surfaces or sails for
receiving the wind force are placed in vertical planes, and consisting of the parts
constructed arranged and combined substantially as described with reference to
the accompanying drawings, and operating as and for the purposes above specified.
2nd. A wind motor in which the sails or actuating surfaces are adjusted
and controlled substantially in manner hereinbefore described for the purposes
specified.
3rd. In a wind motor the method and means I adopt of and for adjusting,
controlling and regulating the sails so as to withstand any desired given pressure
of wind, above which pressure the sails are blown out of action, substantially as
described with reference to the accompanying drawings for the purposes specified.
Dated this 12th day of February 1897.
JOHN WILLIAM COOPER.
Herbert P. Blake,
70 High Street, Southampton, Agent for the Applicant.