Improvements in Machinery for Composing, Casting and Setting Type.
Year: 1894

page_text: (The Amendments are shown in erased and italic type.)
Date of Application, 5th Dec., 1894-Accepted, 26th Jan., 1895
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION (AMENDED).
Improvements in Machinery for Composing, Casting and Setting Type.
1. GEORGE ARTHUR GOODSON. Mechanic. residing at 801, Freemont Avenue, in
the City of Minneapolis, County of Hennepin, State of Minnesota, one of the
States of the United States of America, do hereby declare the nature of this
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly,
described and ascertained in and by the following statement, reference being had
to the accompanying drawings;
My invention turns out, as its final product, justified lines of individual type,
set up in a gally or form ready for use in exactly the same way as hand set
type. To reach this final result, I employ two sets or groups of mechanism,
to wit; a composing mechanism and a type casting and setting mechanism. The
composing mechanism involves the cooperation of type writing and strip
puncturing devices, the two products of which are (1) a type written proof of the
composition and (2) a punctured strip of paper or other flexible material, repre-
senting, by the punctures therein, every element of the composition, or otherwise
stated, representing all actions required from the strip on the casting and setting
mechanism. for the production of justified lines of type, corresponding to the
composition. The said punctured representative strip, after having been thus
made on the composing mechanism, is, subsequently, taken to the type casting
and setting mechanism, which may be located near by or remote from the com-
posing mechanism, and is made to control the actions of the type casting and
setting mechanism, so as to cause the same to cast and set up the individual type
in succession, including quads of the proper size to justify the lines of type, as
produced and delivered to the gally.
The type thus produced are of the kind known as self spacing type, involving
the unit principle for measuring the running width of type face and the point
principle of measuring the type body transversely of the face. Otherwise stated,
all the type, are in running width of face. multiplies of a common unit. The
same unit, of course, measures the predetermined line, which must be justified.
The type-writer used with the puncturing devices or perforator to make up
the composing mechanism. heretofore noted, may be of any of the well known
kinds, but must be equipped with a differential letter space indicator, graduated
on the unit principle above noted, for indicating the letter space, which will
be required by the type corresponding to the composition. This indicator enables
the operator, at the typewriter, to see how many units of excess or decrease must
be made from the total of the normal spacing for the composition, in order to
justify the line: and, on seeing the same, the operator strikes a key represent-
ing the said number of units, which will cause the perforator to make the proper
punctures on the strip, to represent the action required on the type casting and
Setting mechanism, to produce the proper spacing for justification.
The justification, in the line of type, as finally produced, is exactly the same

page_text: Goodson & Improvements in Machinery for Composing, Casting and Setting Type.
as in hand set type; or, otherwise stated, the variation in the spacing, for purposes
of justification, all takes place at the word spaces, or in the quad type.
Throughout the entire machine, or in other words, in both sets of mechanism,
a large number of the parts, which have only light work to do, are constructed
for electrical action or electrical control, in order to permit the connections for
operating or controlling the same to be greatly simplified.
With the foregoing statements in mind, it is thought that the detailed
description of the mechanism, which will be hereinafter given, may be readily
followed and understood.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION.
The invention is illustrated in the accompanying drawings. Therein, like
notations refer to like parts throughout the different views. In said drawings,--
Figure 1 is a perspective view of the composing mechanism, with the type-
writer located at the right and the perforator at the left.
Figure 2 is a plan view of the typewriter, with some parts removed and others
broken away.
Figure 3 is a front elevation of the differential register or indicator, detached
from the type-writer.
Figure is a plan view of the perforator, with some parts removed, others
shown in section, and other parts broken away.
of Figure 4, with some parts
Figure 5 is a vertical section, on the line
removed, looking from the right with respect to Figure 4.
Figure Gis. a vertical section, on the line
front, with some parts removed.
of Figure 4, looking from the
Figure 7 is a side elevation of the punch-box and strip feeding devices of the
perforator, detached, looking from the right with respect to Figure 4.
Figure 8 is a vertical section on the line of Figure 7, looking from the
left, with the feed needles in their lowermost position, or as they appear before
the feed of the strip takes place.
Figure 9 is a similar view of the same parts with the feed needles in their
uppermost position, or as they appear after the feed of the strip.
Figure 10 is a plan view of a piece of the punctured representative strip. as
turned out by the composing mechanism, showing, in full size, a section of the
strip for a single line of type; and
Figure 11 is a view, chiefly in diagram, but with the type-writer shown in
sectional elevation, which view is intended to illustrate the electric connections
from the type-writer to the perforator.
Figure 12 is a perspective view of the type casting and setting machine.
Figure 13 is a plan view of the same, with some parts broken away.
Figure 14 is a longitudinal vertical section, on the line of Figure 13.
Figure 15 is a right end elevation, with respect to Figures 12, 13, and 14, with
some parts broken away, and others removed.
Figure 16 is a skeleton view in sectional elevation, and partly in diagram. for
illustrating the means for conducting the molten metal to the mold from a
remotely located melting pot, and maintaining the temperature of the molten
metal, by means of an electric current.
Figures 17 and 18 are details in plan and section, respectively, of the discharge
nozzle and contact yoke, shown in Figures 14 and 16.
Figure 19 is a detail in plan, of the cam and cam-lever, shown in Figure 16,
for raising the nozzle slide.
Figure 20 is a plan view of the matrix block carriage and carriage guide or
supporting frame, detached.
Figure 21 is a bottom or underneath plan view of the matrix block and part
of the frame.
Figure 22 is a section of the parts shown in Figure 21, right side up, the section
being taken on the line of said Figure 21.

page_text: Figure 23 is a detail, partly in section and partly in elevation, showing a
portion of the matrix block, a portion of the centering pin and some specimens
of the type, with a view of illustrating the character of the matrices on the block
and the resulting character of the type face.
Figure 24 is a detail in horizontal section, illustrating the construction of the
type-body mold, and showing relation of same to the gally or form into which
the cast type are delivered.
Figure 25 is a detail in vertical section, on the line 6, of Figure 24, with
some parts removed.
Figure 25 is a cross section through the shifting sections of the mold on the
line of Figure 24, looking from the left.
Figure 26 is a detail, in vertical cross section, through the non-sliding member
of the type-body mold, near the mouth of the type channel therein, for showing
the lock rib, to hold the type after being pressed down into the channel.
Figure 27 is a cross section on the line
Figure 28 is a cross section, on the line
Figure 29 is a vertical section, on the line
of Figure 26.
of Figure 27.
10 10 of Figure 24.
Figure 30 is a vertical section, on the line of Figure 24.
Figure 31 is a vertical section, through
line of Figure 24.
a part of the gally head, on the
Figure 32 is a detail in plan view, of the devices shown at the rear left hand
corner in Figure 24.
Figure 33 is a section, on the line of Figure 32.
Figure 34 is a detail in horizontal section, in the same plane as Figure 24,
showing the type abutment plunger and the slide which pulls out the line.
Figure 35 is a detail, in side elevation, of the said parts shown in Figure 34.
Figure 36 is a detail in elevation, of the pulling out slide and spring catch,
shown in Figures 34 and 35.
Figure 37 is a plan view, showing the relations of the type-body mold to the
gally and some of the other co-operating devices.
Figure 38 is a vertical cross section, approximately on the line 14 pH of
Figures 13 and 37, looking from the left with respect to Figure 13.
Figure 39 is a vertical cross section, on the line
of Figures 13 and 37,
looking from the right toward the left, with respect to Figure 13.
Figure 40 is a detail in side elevation, showing the trip for the casting-pump,
from the same point of view as in Figure 14.
Figure 41 is a left end elevation of the parts shown in Figure 40, with some
portions broken away.
Figure 42 is a sectional elevation, showing cam and connections for operating
the casting pump.
Figure 43 is a plan view of the contact thrust-pins and pin-box, with a part
of the punctured controlling strip in position thereon, shown full size.
Figure 44 is a front elevation of the thrust-pin box and strip feeding devices,
shown in Figure 43, with some of the parts in transverse vertical section.
Figure 45 is a view, looking from the right, at the feeding 'thrust-bar, and the
thrust-pin box, shown in Figure 55, with some of the parts in elevation and
some of the parts in section.
Figure 46 is a section on the line 16 of Figure 45.
Figure 47 is a longitudinal vertical section of the justifier, in its preferred
form, with the parts in their normal position, which as assumed is their set
position.
Figure 48 is a similar view of the same setting slides, shown in Figure 47,
in their tripped position, or the position assumed thereby, just preparatory to the
action of the setting cam thereon.
Figure 49 is a vertical cross section, on the line 17 of Figure 50, looking
from the right.

page_text: a, and its powers, a¹, a² &c., will be used to denote the parts of the type writer
and the connections therefrom to the perforator.
b. and its powers, ³, 1ª &c., to denote the frame-work, punches &c., of the
perforator.
c. and its powers, the strip and its feed mechanism, on the perforator.
d, and its powers the frame-work of the type-casting and setting mechanism.
f, and its powers, to denote the driving shaft, &c., the cams thereon being
numbered 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5. from the rear toward the front, or from the right
toward the left, with respect to Figure 15.
and its powers, to denote the type metal and its conducting mechanism, &c
F. and its powers, to denote the parts of the type-body mold.
», and its powers, to denote the matrices, matrix-block, &c.
p, and its powers, to denote the feed devices, for the punctured strip e, on
the type casting and setting mechanism.
r, and its powers, to denote the electric connections, which co-operate with the
punctured strip, to control the circuits for the various stop magnets &c.
8. and its powers, for the two-way switch-board &c.
t, and its powers, for the type and the type delivery devices.
v. and its powers, for the parts of the justifier.
Having regard to the order of the description, the composing mechanism will
be first considered, in order to show how the punctured controlling strip and the
typewritten proof of the composition are obtained; and then the type-casting and
setting machine will be considered, second in point of order.
The parts will be specified. not necessarily in the order of their operation,
but in that order deemed to be most conducive to brevity of statement and ease
ot understanding. Bearings and other fixed parts, which are so obvious as to
be necessarily implied, will not be assigned reference letters except in so far as
may be necessary to render operative parts distinct,

page_text: THE TYPEWRITER AND INDICATOR.
See Figs. 1, 2, 3 and 11.
As noted in the general statement, almost any of the well-known standard
typewriters, which are equipped with a differential letter-space indicator, may
be readily adapted to my purposes; but I preferably use a typewriter having a
separate key for every character, such, for example, as the Caligraph," which is
the form I have shown in the drawings.
66
Inasmuch as the construction of such typewriters and indicators are well-
known to all persons skilled in the art, it will probably be sufficient, for the
purposes of this case, to distinguish only such of the parts thereof as are necessary
to be referred to, in tracing the connections to the perforator and the actions
thereof. In this point of view, let a represent the frame of the typewriter,
a the character key-levers, the spacing key levers, a³ the common feed bail
or rocker the carriage, the type-levers, a the paper, and the differential
letter-space indicator. This indicator a may be of any suitable construction
adapted for operation, directly or indirectly, from the keys, and graduated, as
before noted, in multiples of the common unit, used for measuring the corre-
sponding type face. All the key-levers, as shown, are composed of wood, and the
entire typewriter rests on a wooden base a*. The further changes, which I make
on the typewriter and the connections therefrom to the perforator, in order to
adapt the same for my purposes, will be best understood, after describing the
construction of the perforator.
THE PERFORATOR.
See Figs. 1, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9.
The work of the perforator is to produce the punctured strip, as shown in
Figure 10, under the action of the type-writer. Having regard to the construction
of the perforator, represents a suitable bed or pedestal composed of wood or
other insulating material, an elevated stool or shelf supported by stool posts 7ª
from the bed b, and represents a punch-box or skeleton-frame, secured to the
stool-plate 1, and having in its top cross yoke a strip passage or slot through
which the strip to be punctured is fed, as will presently appear. In the said
punch-box are mounted for free vertical movement, twenty punches or puncturing
rods, which are arranged in two parallel series of ten punches each, as shown
in Figure 1. The said punches are carried on the inner ends of a series of
pivoted armature levers 66, which are disposed in radial arrangement, and are
subject, on one side of their fulcrums, to a corresponding series of magnets 67
mounted in circular arrangement on the outer rim of the base-plate b, and, on
the other side of their fulcrums, are subject to springs 68 connected to the bed-
plate by draw-rods 6º. The punches 65, in their vertical movements, within
their seats in the punch-box 63, move through the strip passage 64, and, hence,
will puncture or perforate the paper strip c. if in position therein.
The strip of paper e moves from the right toward the left through the passage 64
and the punch-box, as shown in Figure 6: the blank portion of said strip e being
held on and unwound from a spool at the right of the punch-box, and the
punctured portion of said stripe being wound up and held on a spool 2. located
at the left of the punch-box: these spools and are supported by standards.
rising from the bed b, and having bracket-arms for purposes which will
presently appear.
The feed of the strip e, through the passage 4 of the punch-box, is effected by

page_text: a pair of needles cc, carried by a vertically reciprocating thrust-bar c, the action
of which parts will be best understood by reference to Figures 5, 8 and 9 of the
drawings. The said thrust-bar is moved in one direction by an armature
lever pivoted to standard and subject to the action of a feed magnet 10; and
said thrust-bar c is moved in the other direction, by a spring connected by
draw-rod to the top of the punch-box 3. The armature lever connects with
the thrust-bar through a draw-rod ¹³. The magnet 10 pulls the thrustbar c
downward and the spring "pulls the same upward and carries with it the free
end of the armature-lever c8, when the magnet 10 is not excited.
The thrust-bar has guiding portions, which extend through the upper and
lower plates of the punch-box. The feed needles is carried by the cap portion
of the thrust-bar, and reciprocates from above downward, within a passage
in the cap-plate of the punch-box, crossing or passing, through the strip pas-
sage . The other needle is pivoted at its lower end to the thrust-bar, and
moves not only up and down with the thrust-bar, but has a rocking motion on
the thrust-bar, with its upper or free end working within a limiting feed-slot c¹³,
extending through the top plate of the punch-box (3 and crossing the strip pas-
sage The lower end of the pivoted needle has a pair of arms 16 17 Of
these arms 1617, the member works between lugs 18 619, on a standard 20
fixed to the punch-box; and the member is subject to the action of a spring.
catch, carried by the thrust-bar . When the thrust-bar is in its lowermost
position, as shown in Figure 8, the needle will be holding the strip and the
needle will be in the position shown, at the extreme right of its rocking motion
where it will be held by the spring-catch 21, engaging over the arm . On the
up-stroke of the thrust-bar 7, the needle will enter one of the marginal feed-
holes previously made in the strip by the fixed needle, and will effect
this engagement or penetration of the strip e, before the fixed needle is raised
out of engagement with the strip. Just as the thrust-bar approaches the
upward limit of its stroke, and after the pivoted needle has engaged the strip,
the arm of the said needle will engage with the upper fixed lug 18 and
rock the needle to the left into the position shown in Figure 9, where it
will be held by the spring-catch 21, engaging under the arm €17. This
feeds the strip forward one step. On the down stroke of the plunger, the fixed
needle will engage with the strip before the needle c is disengaged from the
same, and, as the thrust-bar approaches the limit of its downward stroke, the
árm will strike the lower fixed lug ¹ and rock the needle back into the posi-
tion shown in Figure 8, where it will be again caught and held by the spring-
catch. In this way, the strip c is fed forward, through the passage 6 of the
punch-box, with an intermittent motion, and the said feed-needles also pro-
duce the marginal feed-holes 2 on the strip, spaced apart from each other at
exactly uniform distances. During the strip's interval of rest, and while held
stationary, either by the needle 5 alone, or the co-operation of both needles
and, the punches will be thrown up by the exciting of the magnets 67 and
will operate to produce, in the strip, the character punctures 28, the word spac-
ing or quad holes 24, the justification holes and the trip-holes 26, as shown in
Figure 10, all as will more fully appear after tracing the electrical connec-
tions from the typewriter to the magnets of the perforator.
It is necessary to avoid any sudden or jerking action on the needle 6, when
effecting the feed on the up motion of the thrust-bar c, under the action of the
spring or otherwise the said feed needle will tear the paper strip and spoil
the marginal feed holes thereon. Hence, to retard or check the action of the
said spring I provide above the punch-box a pivoted lever 7, having its
inner arm bearing on the cap of the thrust-bar e, and its outer arm attached to
the piston member 28 of a dash-pot, the cylinder member of which 29, is pivoted
to the fixed bearing lugs 30. A spring encircles a guide-rod, which rod
rises from the punch-box and passes through the pivoted lever on the dash-pot
side of its fulcrum. Hence, the spring will throw the piston (28 outward and

page_text: make the inner arm of the lever i follow the thrust-bar . on its downward
stroke, where it will stand in position to retard the thrust-bar on its upward
movement, under the action of the spring c", thereby cushioning the rocking or
feed movement of the needle e, by the the dash-pot action of the part and
In order to insure the best action of the feed needles and and the
punches on the strip, it is further desirable not to have any strain on the said
strip on either side of the punch-box from the spools or cor, otherwise stated,
it is desirable to have the punches and the feed needles act ull al slack section
of the strip.
This accomplish, by rotating the spools and with small motors
and the circuits of which motors are controlled by the strip itself. The said
motors and are mounted on the upper ends of the standard e, as shown in
Figure 6, and the armatures of the same have pinions (not shown) engaging
toothed wheels, carried by the spools and c One member of the lead
wires 3637, for the motor 3, connects with an insulated contact 38 on the bracket-
arm of the metallic standard 3, with which insulated contact 8 cooperates a
pivoted contact on and in electrical connection with the said bracket-arms c',
and through the same, to the motor (33. The end of the pivoted contact
nearest to the punch-box is heavier than the other and normally
rests on the
insulated contact, thereby normally closing the circuit through the motor
and unwinding the blank strip from the spool ; but, whenever the slack
between the spool and the punch-box becomes sufficient for the slack part
of the strip to fall onto the light end of the contact, the light end of said
contact will be rocked downward and the heavy end thereof will be thrown
away from the insulated contact 38, thereby opening the circuit of the motor
at that point.
are
The electrical connections e e e e and c, for the other motor
substantially the same as those noted for the motor, with the exception that
the pivoted contact is normally held by gravity out of contact with the hook
ended insulated contact 2, and will be thrown into contact therewith whenever
the slack of the strip e becomes sufficient for the strip to fall onto the light end
of the said pivoted contact ". Otherwise stated, the motor will be normally
out of circuit and will be thrown into circuit by the slack section of the
strip whenever necessary to wind the same up on the spool ².
In this way,
the feed needles always act on a slack section of the strip at the punch-box, as
before noted.
In virtue of said dash-pot device for checking the feeding stroke of the
plunger and needle c", and in virtue of said electric motors, with circuit
controllers" operated by the strip itself so as to maintain the slack section
at the punch box . all the punctures or perforations in the strip C. as shown in
Figure 10, may be made and maintained perfect, regardless of the quality of the
paper of which the said strip is composed."
See Figs. 1, 2 and 11.
From a suitable source of electricity shown at a. in Figure 11, extends a
wire a¹ to an insulated spring contact a", on the type-writer frame a. underlying
the metallic feed bail a in position to make contact therewith. whenever the
said bail is depressed by any one of the keys a¹ or a². In this way, the current
from the source can reach the metallic typewriter frame a and thence by
wire a¹- it passes to the mercury in an insulating trough 2, located on the
wooden base a transversely thereof, and underlying the frame and all the keys
of the typewriter.
Each of the character key-levers a¹ of the typewriter, are provided with a pair
of depending contacts a" and ", of such length that they will enter the mer

page_text: cury in the trough, when the key is depressed and will reach the mercury
before the feed bail a³ engages with the spring contact al; and likewise, on the
up movement of the said keys and the said bail a³. the bail will separate
from the contact before the contacts and a are withdrawn from the mer-
cury in the trough a", This relative arrangement of the said contact, in point
of time, is important, in order to avoid sparking and waste of the mercury, in
the mercury trough. The circuit being closed and again opened at the feed bail a³
and contact a while the said contacts a3 and a" are 111 the mercury, neces-
sarily avoids sparking at that point, which, if permitted, would waste the
mercury.
From the character key contacts a3 and a extend branch circuit wires 15.
and a respectively. Of these wires. all the members, for the character keys
of the entire key-board are grouped into nine sets connecting by nine group
wires, with nine of the rear series of ten punch magnets, as shown in
Figure 11. Of the other branch wires from the co-operating character key
contacts a", the nine particular members thereof, which co-operate with the nine
wires united to any one of the group wires a extend to and unite with
nine individual group wires, which lead to nine of the front series of ten
It will thus be seen, that all the
punch magnets, as shown in said Figure 11.
a're
branch wires a and a¹, from the character keys a¹ of the typewriter,
grouped on a bi-factored principle; or otherwise stated, that any one of the nine
group wires may co-operate with all of the individual group wires as that
any one of the branch wires a, which unite with any given group wire a",
may co-operate with any branch wire, which unites with some particular one
of the group wires 18. Hence, by this bi-factoring principle or grouping of the
branch wires 15 and 16, from the character key contact a3 and a", two sets
of nine punch magnets 7 in each set, may be made to co-operate two correspond-
ing sets of nine punches & in each of the sets of ten puncles, so as to make two
holes in the strip e for each of 9 × 9 81 character keys a' on the typewriter:
or otherwise stated, eighteen wires, to-wit, nine of the group wires a¹ and nine
of the group wires are all that are necessary to establish the necessary con-
nections from the key-board with the eighteen punch magnets 77.
It should be noted that, in the diagrain part of Figure 11, the character keys at
are laid out as if the members of each group, with respect to the group wires a
were in regular order, side by side; but, of course, it will be understood that it
is only the branch wires and which are grouped, as described, and con-
nected, respectively, to the group wires and, while the character keys a
of the key-board occupy their ordinary positions at the typewriter.
It should be further noted, that, while the grouped connections above de-
scribed, would afford the means ot controlling the eighteen punch magnets
end punches to make two holes in the strip e for each of eighty-one possible
character-keys a' on the typewriter. the full complement of eighty-one com-
binations are not necessary, in order to make the holes in the strip c, for a
complete font of characters or type. Otherwise stated, some of the groups of
the said branch wires a¹ and a16 are not full. They are simply filled out for
enough to produce holes 23, on the strip. for representing any or all of the
seventy-two characters, provided on the key-board of the particular typewriting
machine employed. There are also other reasons why some of the groups need
not be entirely full, which will be best understood after the description of the
type casting and setting machine.
The space-keys of the typewriter, have depending contact arms a", which
when depressed, engage with insulated spring contacts a on the typewriter
frame a.
From the said contact, extends a wire to the right hand or
tenth member of the front series of punch magnets, as shown in Figure 11.
The source wire is tapped by a branch wire, extending to a contact a
on the base-board a, with which co-operates a special spring key a, which is

page_text: improvements in
posing, casting ana eng
connected by a wire a with the right hand or tenth member of the rear series
of punch magnets 67, as shown in Figure 11.
All of the punch magnets 7 connect with a common return wire a20, extending
to the feed magnet of the perforator, whence a final return wire a leads
back to the source a". Hence, it is obvious that the feed magnet will be
excited whenever any one of the keys of the typewriter are operated, whether
the same be a character key a¹, a spacing key a² or the special key which, on
account of its function, will be hereinafter designated as the trip or trip-hole key.
All the wires from the typewriter to the perforator are bound together in a
common cable a28.
OPERATION OF THE COMPOSING MECHANISM.
of
From the detailed description of the composing mechanism, as now given, it
must be obvious that whenever the operator, at the key-board of the type-
writer, strikes the character-key a¹, the proper pair of individual punch mag-
nets will be to throw up the proper corresponding member or members.
the punches 5, to make in the stripe the character-holes or puncture that.
whenever the operator strikes a space-key a², the proper magnet will be
excited to throw up the proper member of the punches, to make, in the strip .
a spacing-hole that whenever the trip-key is operated, the proper mem-
her of the punch-magnets will be excited to throw up the proper member of
the punches, to make in the strip the trip hole 28 which, it may be noted,
is the last thing done for any given line; and that the feed magnets will be
excited at every one of the said key actions, so as to cause the feed needles
and, to hold the strip e, while the punches are doing their work, and to feed
the same forward one step at each feed action, thereby also producing on one
margin of the strip, the feed holes, for subsequent use in controlling the feed
movement of the strip on the type casting and setting mechanism, as will later
appear.
It only remains to consider the provision for making in the strip, the justifica-
tion holes €5. This point will be more fully understood, after considering the
description of the type casting and setting machine. It will probably be sufficient
at this point, to note that the type casting and setting machine, as organized in
the form herein shown, will distribute from one to twenty units of space, by
way of addition, to the total amount of word spacing in any given line, and from
one to four units by way of subtraction, from the total amount of the normal
spacing for any given line; or otherwise stated, from one to twenty units can
be added, and from one to four of the word spaces may be made of a single unit
or hair-spaced instead of being the normal amount of two units. These amounts
of possible justification are indicated at the key-board of the typewriter, by mark-
ing certain of the character keys with positive numbers, ranging from 1 to 20.
others with negative numbers, ranging from 1 to 4 and one key with the
mark 0, as shown in Figure 2, in small numbers.
When the operator at the typewriter reaches the point where he must stop
his line of composition, he notes the position of the pointer on the differential
indicator a and reads the number of units of letter space remaining in or the
number of units of excess beyond, the line's limit. He then strikes the particular
key bearing the corresponding number; and the same connections which serve
to give the character holes 23 on the strip, will give the justification holes (2,
under the action of the perforator. It is thus possible to use the same con-
nections and keys, for this double purpose in virtue of a two-way switch
ployed on the type casting and setting machine, which in one position establishes
what is called the working circuit, and in another position, establishes what is
called the setting circuit, the connections of which control the setting of the
justifier used on said type-casting and type-setting machine- all as will be more
em-

page_text: fully understood after considering the description of the said type casting and
type setting mechanism.
It should be further noted, that the holes 2, on the strip e, which represent
different characters or type, will occupy different positions transversely of said
strip and all of the said holes (23, 24, 25 and, are uniformly spaced length-
wise of the said strip, as is clearly indicated by the transverse lines on the said
strip, as shown in Figure 10.
At this point, further consideration of the strip c. as shown in Figure 10, may
be dropped until after the type casting and setting machine has been described.
Before leaving the composing mechanism, however, it must be noted, that
the operation of the typewriter also produces a typewritten proof of the com-
position on the paper as by the action of the typewriter levers a³, in the ordinary
way.
The said punctured representative strip after having been thus made. to any
desired quantity, is taken by hand, or otherwise, to the type casting and setting
mechanism and fed thereto in the reverse order. This type casting and setting
mechanism will now be considered.

page_text: The contact g❝ has
From some suitable
-, extends circuit
relatively large mass as compared with the nozzle tip g.
fitted thereto a clamping yoke with jam screw g.
source of electricity represented in Figure 16, as a dynamo
conductors g and g, of which conductors the member 9 connects with the
metallic melting-pot g¹, and the member 910 connects with the yoke g'. These
connections establish a circuit from the dynamo, through the melting-pot, the
tube gg, and the molten metal within said tube, which permits the current
to pass to the very point of the nozzle g; and, thence, to meet the relatively
large contact mass g g and pass to the return conductor glo. In the said
circuit connections from the dynamo or other source, before reaching the melting
pot is located, in practice, a converter (not shown) for converting the high
tension into a low tension or quantity current adapted for heating purposes.
This current, may, therefore, be graduated to the exact quantity which may be
required for the work to be done. Hence, the melting pot may be located
at a remote point, with respect to the position of the type-body mould kk' &c.;
and the molten metal may, nevertheless, be conducted to the mold, through
the tube gg, and be delivered to the mouth of the mold, at exactly the right
temperature required for the best result in the cast. If the molten metal as
it enters the tube g is too cold, it will be heated to the point desired, by the
action of the electric current while passing through the said tube gg and
if the molten metal enters the said tube too hot, it will cool down to the right
point, as permitted by the current, while passing through the said tube g
The instant the current reaches the conical contact 6, into which the nozzle
portion of the tube is driven tight, the heating effect of the current will
be dissipated by the relatively large mass of the said contact g, which will
enable the said contact to remain comparatively cool. Hence, the only
hot point near the mold. is the nozzle . and the extreme tip of the said nozzle
projects slightly through the conical contact gf, and will not be so hot as the
adjacent portion of the nozzle, which is subject to the action of the current.
Hence, in this way, the heat at the mould is reduced to a minimum, which
makes it comparatively easy to keep the mould cool, and enables the successive
casts to be made at great speed. If the melting pot had been located directly
under, or near the mould, as has hitherto been the case, the heat therefrom
onto the mould would have been so great as to have made it impossible to main-
tain the fine joints of the mold, or to keep the mould sufficiently cool, for con-
tinuous and rapid action. Moreover, it would have been extremely difficult
and perhaps impossible to have delivered the metal to the mould at the exact
temperature most suitable for the best results in the cast, inasmuch, as there
is only a slight range of temperature permissible. With my construction, as
herein shown, all such difficulties are avoided and the metal is always delivered
to the mold at the same and the best temperature, thereby insuring the best
results in the east and uniform quality in the metallic mass of the type.
From the foregoing. it will be seen, that this electrical transmission of the
molten metal to the mould, from a remotely located melting pot, is an extremely
important feature toward the success of my casting mechanism.
Some means must be provided for controlling the discharge of the molten
metal from the melting-pot g' and tube g ginto the mould; and a pump action
valve mechanism is preferable for this purpose. Therefore, the melting-pot g
is provided with a well ", from which rises a pump cylinder g, fitted with
a piston g13, as clearly shown in Figures 14 and 16. The cylinder g12 is pro-
vided with inlet holes g, and the piston-head is provided with passages gl
controlled by a one-way valve gl, as best shown in Figure 14. The tube g g³
taps a delivery section of the well g With said construction, it is obvious
that when the pump piston g3 is raised, the valve gl will assume its lowermost
position and the molten metal y can flow into the well through the cylinder
passages and the piston passages g. When the pump piston is lowered
the valve 16 will be forced upward by the metal in the well, thereby closing

page_text: the piston passages g₁; and thereafter, during the remainder of the downward
stroke of the pump piston, it will act with a forcing action on the molten metal
within the well g, and the tube g, and discharge under pressure, sufficient
metal from the nozzle g, to fill the mould and produce a type. On the return
upward stroke of the pump piston 3, a partial vacuum will be formed, for an
instant, in the well, which will produce a slight back suction at the tip of the
nozzle g³ sufficient to prevent any slobbering of the molten metal at the joint
between the nozzle and the mould, and it may be here noted that the cut-off
thus effected between the type in the mold and the molten metal in the tube,
is so effective that the type produced have no gates and require no trimming
or dressing of any kind, or, otherwise stated, no sprue is produced.
This pump action valve mechanism is therefore very desirable for best results
in the cast; but it might be possible to locate the melting-pot at some elevated
point, with respect to the mould, and rely upon gravity and some other form
of delivery valve mechanism, although I am not sure that any such construction
would give satisfactory results.
The stem of the pump piston g¹³, is connected at its upper end with a sec-
tional bell-crank lever g, the two sections of which are insulated from each
other, as shown at 18, in Figure 14. The bell-crank lever ", is pivoted to
a bearing-lug 9, fixed to the left end of the main framed, and the depending
arm of the same is subject to the action of a spring g, which tends to rock the
plunger downward, and is connected to a rod 2, which extends across the
top of the frame, as shown best in Figure 42, which rod is connected to a
pivoted lever ; which parts have on their common pivot pin a roller g",
working in a profile. cam-groove g2, on cam-wheel 2. The high part of the cam
surface forces the rod toward the left and normally holds the pump plunger
in its uppermost position and holds the spring 20 under tension, sufficient to
impart, if free, a quick downward stroke to the pump plunger, whenever the
roller passes off from the high part of the cam surface g. Under the co-
operation of the spring and the cam groove g", in the cam wheel 2, the
pump piston would be given a complete in and out stroke at every revolution
of said cam-wheel 2; but, to prevent this result, and only secure a cast when
required, a trip is provided for the bell crank pump lever g, which normally
locks the pump plunger in its uppermost position. This trip is shown in
Figures 14, 40 and 41, and comprises a spring-held pivoted lever 925, the left
end of which is normally held up, so as to engage with a flange plate, on the
lower arm of the pump lever g, and lock said lever stationary against the
pull from the spring when the roller passes off of the high part of the
cam groove g". The right end of the lever is, however, subject to the upper
arm of another pivoted bell-crank g, the lower arm of which extends through
the top plate of the trame, and is in the form of an armature normally held up
by the fever, but which is subject to the action of a trip magnet g, the
circuit for which is under the control of the punctured representative strip e,
as will hereinafter more fully appear. Hence, the pump can only act when
its bell-crank lever g is unlocked from the trip lever, by exciting the
magnet g Therefore a cast will never be made, except when required under
the control of the punctured strip c.
it
It has already been noted, that the tube nozzle g is driven tight into the
conical contact 96, as shown in Figure 18.
insulated from a slide 2, which is mounted to move vertically in suitable ways
This contact g is fixed to and
formed on the face of the central pillow-block d. under the cooperation of
pivoted cam-lever and a retracting spring g³ The head of the cam-lever "
works under the lower end of the slide and raises the same against the
spring g at the proper time, to force the tip of the nozzle g' into the mouth
of the mould k k¹, and hold the same there until after the cast is made. This
cam-lever is a bell-crank lever pivoted for horizontal movement; and its

page_text: right arm is provided with a roller 93, subject to the action of a raised profile
cam surface on cam-wheel 5,- all as shown in Figures 16 and 19.
After the
cast takes place, the spring g³ re-enforced by the elasticity of the tube g g will
return the slide 2, together with the contact g and nozzle g³, to their lowermost
or normal position. From what has now been said, the means for effecting the
east will be fully understood.
The melting-pot g is preferably surrounded by an air-space secured by
housing g, of any suitable material.
It should also be noted, that, in virtue of the insulations and y18, the
melting-pot g is entirely insulated from the machine frame d.
See Figs. 12, 13, 14, 16, and 25 to 38 inclusive.
The type-body mould k k¹, &c. which has, hereinbefore been incidentally referred
to, will now be described in detail.
The bottom plate of the said mould, is fixed to the central pillow-block_d',
above the slide ", which carries the conical contact g and the tube nozzle g³, as
shown in Figures 14, 16 and 38, and is centrally perforated to permit the upward
passage therethrough of a projecting part of the said nozzle , and is concave
or bell-mouthed, on its under surface, so as to cooperate with the conical end of
a contact g to properly guide the nozzle g and insure the proper centering of
the same in said bell-mouthed passage of plate k. Directly above the fixed
bottom or mouth-plate k of the mold. are located the other co-operating parts of
the same, comprising the headed plunger k¹, working between the pair of
locks which abut against and form a fine joint with the fixed mold section ³.
The relative position of the mold plunger k¹ in its seat or channel between the
blocks determines the running width of the mould throat or cavity, when
the parts are in the position shown in Figures 24, 37 and 38. After the type has
been cast, the mould sections are shifted toward the right a distance equal to
the type-body, and the cast type and plunger will then be in line with a delivery
channel, formed in the mold section, and, by an inward movement of the
plunger, the cast type will be ejected into the said channel, as will herein-
after more fully appear. The mould blocks are held together in a yielding
manner by a draw-bolt k and rubber washer ; and each of the said blocks,
are provided, near their inner ends, with laterally projecting fixed guide-rods kª,
which work through bearing-holes, formed in the outwardly projecting lugs or
side-plates of the fixed mould section. These guide-rods rest between the
upper ends of a pair of pivoted arms as shown in Figures 1 and 24; and the
said arms are pivotally connected to the left end of a shifting rod, the right
end of which is forked and embraces the shaft f. at the right side of the cam-
wheel 5. The said rod is also provided with a roller 2, which works in a
profile cam-groove 3, on the right side of said cam 5, with respect to Figure 15.
Hence, the cam channel on the cam-wheel 5. through the connections 12, 1,
, will shift the mold sections 2k, at the proper times as required to throw
the same from their casting to their ejecting position, in respect to the fixed
mould section 3, and vice versa. It should also be added, that when the said
mould sections k³, are in their casting position, as shown in Figures 24 and 87,
the right member of the arms . under the action of rod, the cam-groove 13
and the cam-wheel 5, will tightly clamp the mold sections together against
the left hand fixed lug k', as a base of resistance: while, on the other hand, when
the said mould sections are thrown to the right, into their ejecting position,
by the left member of the arms, there will be a little clearance between the
right hand mould section and the right hand member of the stop lugs, so
as to leave the mould sections without any clamping strain, with respect

page_text: to each other, as is desirable for the free release and ready ejection of the type
into the delivery channel 5, under the inward movement of the plunger kl.
When the shifting mould sections are in casting position, the mould throat
or cavity will be directly over the central passage or perforation in the fixed
bottom plate of the mould, as shown in Figures 16 and 38: and at the same time
if a cast is to be taken the cooperating matrix block n' &c. will be in proper
position to centre the proper member of its matrices », directly over the top of
said mould throat or cavity k, as will hereinafter more fully appear. The head
of the mould plunger k¹, is under tension, to assume its outermost position, from
springs reacting against the outer end of the mould sections; and the said
mould plunger kis limited, in its outward movement, under the action of the
springs, by a stop-slide 5, working in a suitable seat in the top of the front
pillow-block d. The said slide 5 is pivotally attached to a stepped stop-lever ki,
which is pivoted to the pillow-block, and is subject to the action of a light
spring which spring tends to throw the right end of the lever 16 inward
toward the centre of the machine or in opposition to the springs k", above noted;
but the springs are stronger than the light spring, and will throw the
stepped lever 16 outward until the same is intercepted by some one of the seven
stops, all of which. except the right hand or most remote member, are movably
mounted in the right wing of the pillow-block as the guide. The movable
members of said stops 18 extend down through the top plate of the frame d and
normally rest on the upper ends of six corresponding spring-seated stop-rods k¹³,
mounted for vertical movement in a skeleton frame. The said spring-seated
rods are carried on the ends of pivoted armature levers, which are subject
to the action of six corresponding magnets on said frame, any one of which
may be excited at the proper time, under the control of the punctured strip c. as
will hereinafter be explained. All the said stops k18, except the most remote or
fixed member, are normally flush with or below the top of their guide ; and
hence, if no one of the movable members of said stops be thrown up. the said
step-lever 16, will be moved outward, by the springs ", plunger k¹. and slide k
until intercepted by the most remote or fixed member of said stops. which also
projects above the surface of the block d. This would permit the plunger k
to move outward to its limit and would form a mould throat or cavity of the
greatest possible running width. provided for any type, to-wit: sufficient for a
type of seven units face. If the particular movable stop is, nearest to the slide 4
be thrown up by the exciting of the proper corresponding member of the mould
plunger stop magnets, the said lever 416 will be intercepted, so as to give a
width of mould throat or cavity, adapted to produce a type of smallest running
width of face, riz. one unit. Otherwise stated, the seven stops will intercept
the said lever in seven different positions, sufficient to give seven different
sizes of running width to the mould throat 4, so as to cast type ranging, when
quads are included, from one to seven units in face. The member of said
stops, nearest the slide 1, may be called the one unit stop, the next member,
the two unit stop, and so on to the right to the most remote or fixed member,
which, as before stated, is the seven unit stop.
The outermost portion of the mould plunger head is notched on its under
surface, as shown in Figure 38, and engages, over the end of an ejecting cam-
lever, with some side clearance or room for play, (see Figs. 13 and 37), which
cam-lever 23 is pivoted to the pillow-block do, as shown in Figure 13. and has
at its right end a roller 24, which works in cam-groove, formed on the peri-
phery of cam-wheel 5, as shown in Figures 13 and 15. Hence, in virtue of this
construction, the member of the shifting mould sections, may be moved
by the arms 10. &c., freely over the left end of the lever 123, so as to assume their
ejecting position, or rice versa: and when the said mould sections, are in
their ejecting position, the said lever will be rocked by the cam-groove of
the cam-wheel 5, thereby throwing the mold-plunger k' inward and

page_text: forcing the type into the delivery channel 25. As soon as the cast
type has thus been ejected, the left end of the lever 123 will be thrown outward
by the cam-groove, again, into its normal position, and the clearance in the
notched part of the plunger head ¹, will permit the springs to instantly throw
the said mould plunger outward to its limit, or until the stepped stop lever k¹d
is intercepted by the set member of the stops 18, which member of said stops will
have been thrown up, in the meantime, by one of the magnets, under the control
of the punctured strip c. The springs, reaching against the head of the mould
plunger k, when set, also serve to clamp the mould sections endwise against the
fixed mould section at the time when the cast takes place.
The stop magnets, along with all other magnets used in the machine. are
fixed to a false bottom or drawer slide 2, which normally rests on the bottom
plate of the box-like frame d and is removable therefrom together with all the
magnets carried thereby, as shown in Figures 12, 14 and 58.
The mould plunger is also slotted, as shown at in Figure 24, to permit
movement of said plunger, with respect to the draw-bolt kº, which passes through
the mould sections 2: which construction may also serve to hold the mould
plunger & from vertical displacement.
The three mold sections 2 and 3 are all recessed, as shown at 28 in Figure 24,
to afford chambers for water-jacketing all the co-operating parts of the type-
body mould. The water is supplied from any suitable source (not shown) under
pressure, and is distributed through the series of flexible circulating tubes 29
30 31 and 32, as shown in Figure 24, the water entering through the tube 1.29
and, after circulating through the chambers 128 of the mould sections, 2 dis-
charging or wasting through the tube 22, as shown in said Figure 24. The
tubes 30 and 31, being flexible, as described, permits the necessary movements of
the mould sections, with respect to the fixed mould section 3, without inter-
ference from the circulating tubes. This water-jacketing of the co-operating
mould sections, together with the electrical transmission of the molten metal
through the tube g g from the remotely located melting-pot q', as before described,
enables the mould sections to be kept cold to any degree required for the best action
in the chilling of the type metal. From the small mass of molten metal required
for any one type, and the cool condition of the mould, it must be obvious that
the chilling of the type in the mould cavity is extremely rapid. One of the mould
sections is provided with a longitudinal rib 33, for producing the usual nick
in the type. The corresponding wall of the fixed mould section 13, is also pro-
vided with a short rib, at the mouth of the delivery channel . as shown in
Figures 26 and 27, which, on account of its function, may be called the lock-rib.
When one of the type is ejected, by the mould-plunger k', into the mouth of the
delivery channel of the fixed mould section, the type rides out with its nick
on the lock-rib . as shown in Figure 26; and after passing the same, is tapped
down by means which will hereinafter be described, into the position shown in
Figures 27 and 28, so as to cause the rib to engage behind the ejected tvpe,
and prevent the type from falling back or being forced back into the mould
throat. The cast type is thus ejected by the plunger into the delivery
channel, against the resistance of an abutment plunger ', as shown in
Figures 24, 34 and 35, which abutment is under spring tension, as will later
appear to assume its innermost position in the said delivery channel k³, and bear
against the outermost of the ejected type t, thereby serving to hold the type on
their feet and packed together in their innermost position against the lock-rib k³,
as shown in Figure 34.
At this point, the consideration of the type and the action of the mould may be
dropped until various other parts have been described, inasmuch as the further
features of the casting action and the devices for delivering the line of cast type
from the channel into the gally can be better understood after describing the
matrix block and considering the devices for setting the justifier, &c.

page_text: .
See Figs. 12, 13, 14, 16, 20 to 23, 38 and 61.
The matrices n, which cooperate with a type-body mold k
hitherto
described, for the production of the type t, are all rigid with a common plate » n',
as shown in Figures 22 and 23. A complete font of the type matrices are
formed on, or otherwise rendered rigid with the said plate n n¹, and are arranged
in rows in two directions on a bi-factored principle, as shown in Figure 21, for
the purpose of permitting any one of the matrices n to be centered in the casting
position, over the throat k of the type-body mold, by a two-way movement of
the matrix-block. In the preferred construction, the plate n n containing the
complete font of matrices is an electro-matrix plate, produced by a special process.
as will presently appear; and this electro-matrix plate n n is backed by a metal
suitable for filling, to afford mass or hody n² and render the said electro-plate n n'
rigid. To the top of the body or mass n², is rigidly secured a steel plate n³.
provided with centering surfaces, shown as in the form of conical holes n counter-
sunk in the face of the said steel plate m³, which centering holes n are arranged
in rows in two directions, corresponding to the arrangement of the matrices n.
but uniformly spaced apart in both directions with respect to each other, as
shown in Figure 20.
The
The said parts n n' n² n³ n' make up what I call the matrix-block.
matrices n are all justified into corresponding positions of uniform spaces on
said plate n n', both runningwise and bodywise of the matrices; which fact,
together with the uniform spacing in each direction of the centering holes n*.
permits the steps of movement required from the matrix block to be uniform
in amount, all as will hereinafter appear.
The matrices n are also classified or arranged in rows in one direction, with
reference to their running width of face. The character type, producible by the
machine, range from two units to seven units in running width of face, as before
described; and hence, there are six corresponding groups of matrices, ranging
in running width of face from two units to seven units respectively. These six
groups are arranged, as shown in Figure 21: by reference to which view, it will
be seen that the first four rows, from right to left, at the front of the block, when
the block is right side up, are occupied by four unit matrices; that the fifth
row from the front is occupied by three unit matrices; that the sixth row from
the front is occupied by the two unit matrices; that the seventh row is occupied by
the six unit matrices; that the eighth and ninth rows are occupied by the five
unit matrices; and that the tenth or rearnost row is occupied by the largest or
seven unit matrices. It should, perhaps, be noted that some of these rows
not necessarily full, inasmuch as only seventy-two are required for the complete
font of type.
are
This grouping or classification of the matrices n, in rows in one direction, in
respect to running widths of face, permits the stop magnets, which control the
row selecting movement of the matrix-block and the stop-magnets; which control
the positioning of the mould plunger d¹, in the mould throat or channel d, to
be both connected up in series, as will hereinafter more fully appear, so that one
of the holes con the strip c will answer to control both sets of said stop
magnets.
By reference to Figure 21, it will also be noted that the front row of matrices,
when the block is right side up, is not filled out; or, in other words, the corner
of the rectangle formed by the diagram of the matrices is left blank at the lett
hand front corner; and this left hand front corner may be, on account of its
function, called the tapping down corner, inasmuch as the said corner comes
nearly over the cast and ejected type at the time when the matrix-block is in
its initial or normal idle position, at the extreme rearmost and right hand limits
of its movements, and when the said corner is in the said initial position, it is
used to tap down the ejected type.

page_text: The right hand rear corner of the matrix diagram, when the matrix-block is
right side up, as shown in Figure 20, is left blank, or with a high flush surface
as shown in Figure 21; and this right hand rear corner of the matrix block may
be called the quad corner, inasmuch as the said corner comes to the casting
point, at every space between words of the selected line, and co-operates with
the type body mould d d¹ &c., to cast spacing quads, which range from one to
seven units in running width of face. This quad corner will thus come to the
casting point, whenever the matrix block is permitted to move forward to its
extreme limit, and to the left, to its extreme limit, as will hereinafter more
fully appear.
If a diagram of the rectangle, formed by the intersecting lines of the matrices
on the matrix block, in the two directions, were laid out, it would be discovered
that every matrix had its left hand front corner in an exact fixed point, with
reference to the corresponding part of every other matrix. and that these points
for the different matrices were uniformly spaced in the lines in both directions.
This is accomplished by the justification of the matrices into said corresponding
positions of uniform spaces, in both directions, on the said block, as hitherto
described. It follows from the foregoing fact, that for the purposes of said
justification, the high surfaces n³. which separate the matrices n differ. in run-
ning width of face. among the different groups of different sized matrices, and
that all of said high surfaces n' are of uniform width bodywise. This may be
roughly seen, on reference to Figure 21, by noting that the running widths of
type face are in the lines extending from the front toward the rear, and that the
body dimensions are in the lines extending from right to left.
From the foregoing statement of details. it must be obvious that the said
matrix plate n n¹, must be made with great care. and the matrices n be located
thereon with extreme accuracy and precision; and, for the purposes of the quick
motions required from this two-way movable matrix block, in order to centre
the matrices n. in succession, at the casting point, it is very desirable to have
the said block of the smallest compass possible, in order to minimize the extent
of movement and also that it should be comparatively light.
In order to accomplish all these results. I produce the said electro matrix-
plate nn. by a special process invented by me, which I will now describe in
detail, and which may be briefly stated as follows, to-wit:--
run-
I first set up into a form a complete font of the most perfect available self
spacing printers' type, in the desired arrangement; second, I separate and justify
the said type into corresponding positions of uniform spaces runningwise of
the type face, by the use of truncated or faceless filling type, varving in
ning width. as may be necessary for said justification, and ground down or other-
wise formed to the desired height; third, I separate and justify the lines of type
in the said form bodvwise, or transversely of the face, by rules or special printers'
furniture, also ground down or otherwise formed to the desired height: fourth
I immerse the said form of printers' type. arranged as above described, in an
electro-plating bath and, by deposit therefrom. obtain a fac-simile reverse or
electro matrix film plate of said form: and, finally, I separate the type from the
matrix plate by picking the same therefrom separatelv. one or more at a time.
When the separation of the type from said matrix plate is made in the said
manner, the matrix plate is left perfect with all the matrices of uniform depth.
sharp, clean and distinct. It is not even necessary, before immersing the said
form of type in the bath, to cover the face of the type with plumbago; and, it
is not desirable to do so, as a more perfect matrix is obtainable in the way above
described, inasmuch, as there is no foreign matter of any kind to interfere with
obtaining the perfect impression and counterpart or matrix of the type. The
foregoing statements as to the method of producing my electro-matrix plate, and
as to the facility with which the printers' type in the said form may be separated
from the matrix plate, so as to leave the matrix perfect, are all based on my own
working experiences.

page_text: After the electro matrix film plate n n' is obtained, in the manner above
described, I back the same with a fusible metal suitable for the body or mass n³,
and add the steel top plate n³, so as to give the matrix plate the requisite rigidity
and wearing qualities, as hitherto noted.
Under this process, it must be obvious that the matrices n are not only per-
fect, but must be located with absolute accuracy, relative to each other, on the
said plate n n¹; and it must be equally obvious that the matrix plate thus pro-
duced must have the font of matrices in the most compact arrangement possible
and be of the least possible mass. This fact is illustrated in Figures 21 and 22
of the drawings, wherein the complete matrix block n n¹ n³ n³ n' is shown in full
working size.
It is possible that the said matrices might be formed on a suitable plate or be
rendered rigid therewith, in some other way, than by the process above de-
scribed; such, for example, as by cutting the same on the plate, by hand or with
an engraving machine, but in my judgment, the same perfection of the matrices
and the same precision of their location could not be secured in any such a way
and the cost would be many times as great. By my process, as above described,
the matrices are not only perfect, but the said matrix plate is quickly and cheaply
made; and any desired number of interchangeable matrix blocks may be pro-
vided according to the styles of type desired one for long primer, another for
brevier, &c.
The nature of the matrices, in respect to depth, and the nature of the type
proper, in respect to height, as well as the relative heights of the character
type and the quads produced, are shown in Figure 23.
Turning now to the co-operating parts, the said matrix block, above described,
is provided with bearing-lugs n³, which hook over and ride upon guide-rods nº.
which form a part of a skeleton-like carriage n', which carriage n° n² is mounted
for sliding movement in a pivoted support n³, as best shown in Figure 20. The
sliding carriage ne n' reciprocates lengthwise of the pivoted support n8; and
the matrix block itself moves transversely of the carriage on the said guide-
rods no. In this way, the matrix-block is capable of a two-way movement, one
with the sliding carriage, on which it is mounted, and the other transversely of
the said carriage. These two movements are effected, under the co-operation of
a two-way inclined profile cam surface n³, on cam-wheel 3, as shown in Figure 15.
and a spring n¹, as shown in Figure 20. A roller 10 on cam-lever n¹¹, which
is pivoted to the top plate of the frame. bears against the said cam surface n³
of cam-wheel 3; and the left end of said lever has a roller n¹, which engages
behind the right end of a lever n¹³, which is pivoted to the carriage support n³.
The spring as is attached, at one end, to the left arm of the lever and at
its other end, is connected to a fixed yoken, rising from the carriage support n³,
as shown in Figure 20. The left end of the lever is connected by rod with
a short arm of a hell crank lever, which has its elbow pivoted to the matrix block
carriage n, and has its long arm connected to the matrix block itself by a pin
and slot connection, as shown at 1. In virtue of the connections, the spring 1
tends to throw the short arm of the bell crank n' forward and to rock the
long arm of the same to the left into its extreme position, thereby tending to
move the matrix block carriage forward to its limit, and the matrix block toward
the left to its limit, as fast as permitted by one part of the two-way inclined
surface n on the cam-wheel 3, in which position, of the matrix block, the quad
corner will be centered at the casting point.
part of the said double cam surface n° will rock the left end of the cam lever n¹
On the other hand, the other
forward, at the proper time, to throw the short arm of the bell crank lever n
rearward and its long arm toward the right, as far as possible, against the tension
of the spring n¹, and, thereby move the matrix carriage n° n into its rearmost
position, and the matrix block itself into its right hand extreme position, which
will bring the tapping down corner of the matrix block nearly over the last
cast and ejected type. In the forward motion of the carriage n° 7 and tho

page_text: leftward movement of the matrix block on the carriage, the spring 14 is re-
strained by one part of the profile cam surfaces n³, on cam 3; or in other words,
the spring n can only move the carriage n° n² forward, and the matrix block
toward the left, as fast as permitted by the cam surface n³ on cam-wheel 3;
and hence, there can be no rebound under the effect of momentum, when the
matrix block is intercepted. Otherwise stated, the two way movements of the
matrix block, which are required to bring any given matrix into the casting
position, are limited to a timed movement controlled by the cam surface n³ on
cam-wheel 3 and the centering movements of the matrix block are effected by
the spring n, which will, of course, yield, in order to permit the matrix-block to
be variably intercepted, at any point, in either of its two way movements or
both of the same, as may be required, to locate the selected matrix at the casting
point.
The said matrix block is thus intercepted, in its forward movements, to select
any one of the ten rows containing the desired matrix by the proper member of
ten row selecting stops n³, mounted in a guide-frame n20, secured to the top
plate of the machine frame d, as shown in Figures 13, 59 and 60. Nine of the
said stops n19 are movably mounted and normally rest on the upper ends of a
corresponding set of spring-seated stop rods n21, mounted in a rod frame n22.
The said rods n are carried on the inner ends of corresponding armature levers n³
which are subject to the action of the springs on said rods, at their inner ends,
and to a corresponding series of magnets n2 at their outer ends, as shown in
Figures 58 and 60. The said magnet and rod frame n22 rests on the false bottom
or removable drawer 26, shown in Figure 58, which carries all the stop magnets
employed on the machine, as hitherto noted. Normally, all the movable stops n19
and n are in their lowermost positions, with the tops of the movable stops n19
below or flush with the top of the guide n20. The forward member of the stops n
is fixed to the guide 20 and always projects above the same. The matrix block
carriage no n', is provided with a down turned lug 25, as shown in Figures 20
and 60, which rides over the top of the block n20 and may be engaged by any
one of the stops n19, in order to intercept the said matrix block carriage, in any
desired position, for the selection of the row in which the desired matrix is con-
tained on the matrix block. If none of the movable stops 19 are thrown up,
the carriage will move forward, under the action of the spring n¼ to its limit,
until the carriage lug n engages the fixed member of said stops n"; and that
would give the rearmost row of the matrix-block; and by exciting the proper
member of the magnets n², any one of the other or movable members of the
stops may be thrown up to intercept the matrix block at any earlier point
in its forward movement, in order to align the row, which contains the selected
matrix. The exciting of said magnets n24 is controlled by the punctured strip c,
as will hereinafter more fully appear. In virtue of the arrangement of the
matrices n, on the electro matrix plate n n', and the arrangement of the centering
holes n' on the top plate n³ of the matrix block, the said stops n 19 may be
uniformly spaced apart, so that the steps of movement of the matrix block are
all uniform, as before stated.
It is now probably clear that the row stops n19 will variably intercept the
matrix block, in it forward movement, so as to select the row containing the
desired matrix, as above described.
In order to intercept the matrix block, in its movement toward the left, trans-
versely of the carriage, a bumper-arm n28 is provided which has an upturned
flange at its right hand end, which engages with a down turned flanged or
rabbeted guide-piece n, fixed to the left end of the matrix block, as shown
in Figures 21 and 22; and which bumper arm n°8 projects outward through a
guide 28, fixed to the left member of the carriage support n³; and the left end
of which bumper-arm n26, may be variably intercepted by any one of ten in-
dividual stops n, in order to bring the proper individual or selected matrix of
the row to the catching point, as may be seen on reference to Figures 13, 14

page_text: and 20 to 22 of the drawings. On the said tops n2, the left hand or most remote
member is rigid with and projects above the stop-frame n, which is fixed to the
top plate of the main frame d, as shown in Figure 14; and the other nine of
the said stops n are spring seated in the said frame for free vertical movement,
and are normally held by their springs in their lowermost position, with their
lower ends projecting below the top plate of the machine bed, and resting upon
a corresponding series of nine stop rods n³¹, mounted in frame 33, resting on
the magnet drawer 126. The said rods n³1 are carried by the inner ends of a
series of armature levers 233, which are subject, at their outer or armature ends,
to a corresponding series of magnets n, any one of which may be excited at
the proper time, under control of the punctured strip c, as will hereinafter
more fully appear. The relations of the said parts are best shown in Figure 14.
From the foregoing statement, it must be obvious that the matrix block may be
intercepted in any one of ten different positions, on its movement toward the
left or transversely of its carriage, so as to bring the selected matrix n to the
casting point.
For the sake of convenience, it may be well to call the stops n, the row
selecting or row stops, and to call the stops n29, the individual selecting or
individual stops.
By the cooperation of the said two sets of stops n¹ and n², the said matrix
block may be intercepted in any one of one hundred different positions, so as to
bring the desired one of the font of matrices or the quad surface of the block, to
the casting point. This action of the stops n1 and 2, will approximately centre
the selected matrix; and a spring seated centering pin n³³, mounted in the
yoke n, under the action of an angular headed plunger n36 will co-operate with
the centering holes n', in the top plate of the matrix block, to effect the final
and exact centering of the selected matrix, at the casting point; and will also
at the same time, clamp the matrix block down tightly onto the top of the
type-body mold, as may be readily understood, from reference to Figures 14,
23 and 38. The lower end of the centering pin n35 is conical, as shown in
Figure 23, and the conical holes n* are of greater depth and somewhat smaller
in cross section than the cross section of the conical end of the centering pin; and
hence, as the said centering pin n35 works in fixed bearings on the fixed yoke n¹s
the matrix block will be moved slightly, on the down movement on said centering
pin n into one of the holes n' of the block, so as to necessarily insure the exact
centering of the selected matrix at the casting point.
In order to provide a safety point against breakage, under the clamping action
of the plunger n36, the head of the centering pin n works through a passage in
the left end of said plunger and against the lett end of a stiff spring ", fixed to
the said plunger, which spring n is stiff enough to stand the requisite clamping
stran on the centering pin, but will yield, if necessary to permit the continued
oyment of the cam and plunger n36. The said plunger n is mounted, for
vertical movement in suitable bearing lugs on the pillow-block do, and is
normally under tension from a spring 3 to assume its uppermost position.
the said plunger, however, is attached the left end of a three-armed cam-lever n¹³,
pivoted to the pillow-block d6, for movement in the vertical plane, and provided,
on its two rearward arms, with rollers n and n", which are subject to the action
of a peripheral cam surface n2, on the right hand or rear portion of cam-wheel 5.
The said cam surface n2 operates on the said rollers no and n", in succession,
acting first on roller no to lower the plunger n36, for centering and clamping
down the matrix block, at the casting point, and then, subsequently, on roller n",
to restore the plunger back upward, and lift the matrix block away from the
type-body mold, which is accomplished by a projecting lip 3, on the left end
of the plunger head, engaging under a catch-lug n, fixed to the yoke a". In
the same plane as the cam surface n½, on cam-wheel 5, is a special hump or
short cam surface n, which acts on the roller, at the proper time to impart a
short and quick down stroke to the plunger 23, which is utilized to cause the
To

page_text: centering-pin n and the tapping down corner of the matrix block to strike the
top of the cast and ejected type, when in the position shown in Figure 26, so
as to tap the same down within the delivery channel, into the position shown
in Figures 27 and 28; and after the action of the tapping cam surface nt, the
spring will restore the plunger n36 into its uppermost or normal position.
When the said matrix block is centered and clamped down onto the top of the
type-body mold, as above described, the nozzle g of the tube g g is thrown up
and clamped against the bottom plate k of the mold, and, at the proper instant, the
pump trip magnet 928 is excited, to permit the pump to be operated by the pump
spring, all as before described, so as to effect the cast and produce a type t,
of the proper running width of face, according to the relative position of the
mold plunger k¹, as set by its controlling stops 18, and the type thus cast will
either be a character type or a quad, according to whether a matrix or the quad
corner was at the casting point.
At this point, the consideration of this branch of the mechanism may be
dropped, until after the justifier and the electric connections under the control
of the strip c, have been described.
The controlling strip e, shown in Figure 10, as it comes from the composing
mechanism, is fed from the left toward the right, in the reverse order of its
making, through a strip passage p, on the top of a pedestal or small frame p',
rising from the elevated shelf a³, as best shown in Figure 15.
The feed devices for the said strip are very similar to the corresponding feed
devices hitherto described, which are employed on the composing mechanism.
They are best shown in Figures 43 to 46 and in Figure 15. By reference to said
views, it will be seen that a vertically movable feed-bar p² is guided in the
frame p and is normally under tension from a spring 2³, to assume an upper-
most position; but the guide-rod part of the feed-bar is connected, at its
lower end, to a bell-crank lever p, having its elbow pivoted to the underside of
the shell d (see Figure 15) and provided, on its lower arm, with a roller p which
is subject to the action of the periphery of cam-wheel 4, which cam-wheel 4 is of
proper shape to pull the thrust-bar p² downward, at the proper time, and set the
spring p³, under tension, to return the said thrust-bar upward, when permitted
by the cam.
The said feed-bar 3 carries a pair of feed-needles p and p Of the said
needles, the member 2 is fixed to the angular head of the feed-bar, above the
strip guiding slot p, and works through a passage p in the guide-plates, forming
the said slots, so as to enter and engage, in succession, the marginal feed-holes
of the strip c, on the down stroke of the feed-bar. The other member p' of the
said needles is pivoted to the body of the feed-bar 22, and the upper or free end
of the same works from below within the limiting feed-slot, p³, of the frame p¹.
The pivoted needle p' is provided with a pair of arms p10 211; of which, the arm plo
works between striker-pins or lugs p2 and p¹³, fixed to the frame p¹; and the
other arm p is subject to the action of a spring catch p14, carried by the feed-
bar p2, and alternately engages under and over the end of said arm p. On the
down stroke of the feed-bar p², the arm p10 of the pivoted needle will strike the
lower lug 3 and rock the needle p' to the extreme left hand limit of its pivotal
motion, and cause the spring-catch p", to engage over the top of the arm p",
and hold the same in that position, until the up-stroke of the feed-bar is nearly
completed. On this up stroke of the feed-bar p, the needle 2 will engage with
the particular one of the marginal feed holes, which was last previously
engaged by the fixed needle p; and as the feed-bar approaches and completes
its up-stroke, the arm p10 of the pivoted needle p² will engage the upper fixed
lug pa and rock the needle 27 toward the right, and thereby feed the strip forward,

page_text: at the bottom of the frame p¹, which wires are guided by a plate 2. Thence, other
sections of said wires ro, for eighteen of the cells, lead to eighteen correspond-
ing contacts 10 on the movable members, of a two-part switch-board s s¹, mounted
on the inner surface of the rear wall of the box-like part of the machine frame d,
as shown in Figures 14 and 16.
The fixed members of the switch s¹. is provided with thirty-six contacts 1,
forming together two sets. the members of which are in alternate relation to
each other, with either of which sets of contacts, the contacts 10 on the movable
members, may be made to co-operate, according to whether the movable member
of the switch is in either of two different positions. If the movable members be
in the position shown in Figure 61, the contacts 10 and will be ready for co-
operation, to establish circuit connections with the nine wires 71, (shown in full
lines) which lead to the row selecting stop magnets n24, and with nine other
wires 13 (shown in full lines, which lead to the individual stop magnets n. If,
however, the movable members, of the said switch, be thrown forward, into its
opposite extreme position, the contacts 10 will be in position for co-operation
with the other set of said contacts 11, so as to establish connections over the two
sets of seven dotted line wires, which lead respectively to the two sets of
justifier stop magnets », from which a common wire 15 leads back to source. The
return wires from the row selecting stop magnets n", are grouped so as to unite
into five wires 16, which lead to five of the mold plunger stop magnets The
return wires from all six of the mold plunger magnets, unite into one wire 18,
which leads to the pump magnet ; whence, the final return wire 19 leads back
to source.
All the return wires from the individual stop magnets n unite into a single
wire 17, which taps the common return wire 718, leading from the mould
magnets to the pump trip magnet 28. With the said connections, as above
described, it must be obvious that a single member of the contact pins will
serve to establish the proper circuit connections over the wires 12 16 18 19, to
energize the proper members of the magnets n24 and 22, SO as to throw up the
proper member of the row selecting stops n 19 and the proper member of the
mould plunger stops 18, to select the proper row of the matrices n and to position
the mould plunger for the proper running width of type face; and it must also
be evident, that another of the said thrust-pins 3 will serve to establish the proper
circuit connections over the wires 13 17 18 and 19, to the individual magnets n34,
to throw up the proper member of the individual stops n29, so as to cooperate with
the stops n, to position the proper corresponding matrix n, at the casting point.
As all the return wires from the magnets 42 and n34, unite with the wire 19.
before it reaches the pump magnet 28, it is obvious that the said pump magnet 928
will be excited, every time that the matrix block and mould plunger are brought
into casting position, so as to actuate the pump trip and permit the pump
spring to effect the down stroke of the pump plunger and produce the cast.
From the right hand front member of the cells r, a wire 20 leads to the justifier
escapement magnet 1, whence a return wire 21 leads to a long contact v2, form-
ing a part of the justifier proper, as will hereinafter more fully appear. From
the said long contact, the current can pass, by way of a movable, escapement
controlled bridge contact 3, according to the position of said bridge, to one of
three contacts 225 26. From the contact 24, a wire 24 leads to a fixed contact v7.
From the contact 15, a wire 725 leads to another fixed contact vB. The contacts v
and bear constantly on a pair of long spring contacts and 10, respectively,
which are carried by movable blocks 1 and 13, respectively, and each of which
blocks and contacts 10, may be set in any one of seven different positions,
with respect to an insulating fixed block 1, which is provided on its face with
seven insulated contacts 14 Six of the said contacts are connected by six
corresponding wires 26, directly or indirectly with the six mold stop magnets;
and the seventh or right hand member of said contacts 2,14 is con-
the common return wire 18
nected
by
a wire
+27
to
at a noint

page_text: before
the
said wire 18 reaches the
The con-
magnet
pump
'tacts may be said to correspond to the different possible amounts
of word spacing, or,
in other words, to the different possible sizes
of quads, which may be produced on the machine, and which, as hitherto noted,
range from one to seven units; and, for further distinctness, it may be said that
the left hand member of said contacts v¼ connects, by its proper member of the
wires, with the left hand or one unit member of the mould plunger stop
magnet ; that the next member of said contacts 14, toward the right, to-wit;
the two unit member thereof, connects by the proper member of the wires 728,
with the two unit member of the mould plunger stop magnets; and SO on,
toward the right, for six of said contacts v14; but that, inasmuch as no stop
magnet is needed for the fixed or seven-unit member of the mold plunger
stops 18, the seventh or right hand member of the said seven contacts vis
connected by the special wire, directly to the common return wire 18, as before
described.
The fixed contact 6, which co-operates with the bridge contact, in its final,
normal or unset position, is connected by a special wire 72, with the second or
two unit member of the seven contacts 14, whence the circuit can be completed
over the two unit member of the wires 20 to the two unit mold stop magnets .
All the parts above specified, which are marked with the reference letter v,
and its powers &c., together with the wires co-operating therewith, form a
part of the justifier connections, which justifier will presently be described in
detail. It was deemed best to anticipate the said justifier connections, at this
point, to the extent stated, for the sake of brevity and distinctness in the subse-
quent description; and for the sake of completing the explanation of the diagram
shown in Figure 61.
From the right hand member of the rear series of mercury cells 4, a wire 2
leads to the switch trip magnet s³, before described; and from said magnet s³,
a wire leads back to source. With the description of the electric connections,
shown in the diagram Figure 61, clearly in mind, it will be easy to understand
the relation of all the electrically controlled parts of the machine to the punctured
representative strip c; which strip e co-operates with the thrust pins ³, &c., to
effect the said control as heretofore indicated, and, as will be hereinafter sumarized
in the statement which will trace the general operation of the machine.
At this point, however, it will be convenient, for brevity of subsequent treat-
ment, to distinguish the above noted electrical connections into three sets and by
three names, to-wit the circuit connections which may be established when the
switch is in the position shown in Figure 61, over the full line wires 7 13 &c.,
and over the justifier escapement wire 21. may be called the working circuit;
the circuit connections which may be established over the dotted line wires 1 &c.,
when the movable part of the switch is thrown into an opposite extreme
position from that shown in Figure 61, may be called the setting circuit, inas-
much, as the same is utilized through the justifier magnets r, to properly set
the parts of the justifier; and, the circuit connections which may be established,
at any and all times, over the wires and to the switch strip magnets, may
be called the switch circuit. It will also be convenient, sometimes in consider-
ing the justifier, to speak of the connections which may be established over the
wires 20 and 21, through the escapement magnet v¹, as the escapement circuit, or
escapement branch of the working circuit.
THE TWO-WAY SWITCH.
See Figs. 13, 14, 10, 37, 47 to 52, and 61.
Some of the parts, to-wit; the parts s 1 and 3 of the two-way switch have
already been noted, and the actions of the same, with respect to the con-
tacts 1011, have been traced: but it remains to note how the marable member

page_text: The said movable members of said switch rides on the lower or fixed member s¹,
as shown best in Figure 16. The lower arm of a pivoted switch lever engages
between lugs st, on the said movable members of the switch; and the upper
arm of said lever projects upward through the top plate of the machine frame d.
A spring stends to pull the upper end of the lever forward and throw the
lower end thereof rearward, so as to normally hold the movable members of
said switch in its rearmost position, as shown in Figure 61, where it is available
for the working circuit connections, as hitherto noted. A horizontal bell crank
levers, is, however, pivoted to the top of the machine frame d, one arm of which
is in the path of the upward projecting end of the pivoted lever 3, on the front
side of the same, and the other arm of which bell crank lever s6 is provided with a
rollers, which may, at the proper time, be engaged by a lateral cam-lug s8, on
a combined tripping and setting slides, which is mounted for longitudinal
movement lengthwise of the machine bed, as well shown in Figures 50 and 51,
&c. The said slide over lies another slides, which is provided, at its right
hand end, with a roller s, which is subject to the action of a peripheral cam
surface, on cam wheel 1, as best shown in Figures 47 to 51. The slide is
provided with a lateral shoulder 13 (see Figure 48); and the slide so is pro-
vided with a bell crank spring pawls, which, when the lower slide 10 is in its
extreme right hand position, will engage with the shoulder 13 of the slide s;
and hence, the said slides and $10 will be made to move toward the left,
together, under the action of the cam surface 12 of cam-wheel 1; and, in this
movement, the cam lug 8 of the slide will operate on the roller of the bell
crank s6, as shown in Figures 37 and 51, and, thereby, throw the top of the
switch lever 3 toward the rear and the movable part of the switch s st, toward
the front, where it will render available the dotted line or setting circuit con-
nections, shown in Figure 61. After the slides 10 have moved out together
for a certain distance, the lower end of the spring held pawls, which rides in a
slot of the machine bed, will strike the front wall of the said slot 15 and
rock the upper arm of said pawls downward, so as to release the upper slide s³,
and permit said slide to be returned toward the right, by its retracting
spring but before this occurs, al transverse slide lock 17, best shown in
Figures 51 and 52, which is normally under tension from a spring 18, to move
rearward, will have engaged with a lock notch of the lower slide 10 and will
hold the said lower slide 10 in its outermost or set position, and thereby, pre-
vent the slide from being returned toward the right, by its retraction spring 20,
after the high part of the cam surface of the cam wheel 1, has passed beyond
the roller
The slide lock is engaged by the upper arm of a pivoted bell-crank trip-
lever, the lower arm of which is in the form of an armature, as shown in
Figure 52 which lever is subject to the action of the switch magnet s
hitherto noted. The magnet is under the control of the punctured strip c,
over the trip circuit connections as hitherto described.
The cam-lug on the slide, holds the movable members of the switch s s¹,
in its forward position, during the whole of the out stroke of the two slides $10,
and until after the release and return to the right of the slide, by its retracting
spring 16 and. as quick as this release and return of the slide occurs, the
switch-lever spring will become active to restore the movable members of the
switch, to its rearmost or normal position. This normal position of the
switch s s will be retained. until the first hole for the next line, repre-
sented on
the punctured strip. has been reached; and when that occurs, the
trip-hole of the strip and the co-operating member ³, will establish the
circuit connection, over the wires and 23, to excite the trip magnet ; and
this trip magnet will pull down the bell crank lever and throw the slide
lock forward, so as to release the slides and permit the same to be also moved,
by its retracting spring, toward the right, into the position shown in Figure 18,
which will render the rollers thereof, subject to the action of the cam surface $1

page_text: Several of the parts of the justifier as shown on the diagram view 61, to-wit; all
the parts marked with the reference letter and its powers &c. in said figure,
together with the wiring to and from the said parts have already been noted.
The fact will conduce to a briefer description of the construction and the
action of the justifier, than could otherwise be given.
It will further lead to a more easy understanding of what might otherwise
be regarded as an intricate and somewhat abstruse part of the subject, by noting
two important facts, to-wit; (1) that the justifier is simply a device for setting
certain of a number of possible electric connections to the mould plunger stop
magnets, SU as to control the same to give quads of the required
size, for properly spacing the line of character type represented on the
punctured strip c, so as to justify the same; and (2) that the electric con-
nections for setting the justifier under the control of said strip, are prearranged
on an arbitrary principle, as required for the most even distibution of from
one to twenty units by way of addition to the total of the normal spacing between
words of the selected line, and to distribute from one to four units, by way of
subtraction, from the total of the normal word spacing, of the selected line.
The normal spacing between words is two units, or, otherwise stated, the normal
quad is two units; and these quads may be made of other different size, ranging
from one to seven units in running width of face, as hitherto noted, in order to
provide for the above named distribution of justification space, by way of
addition or subtraction from the normal spacing. On this machine, the right
hand or last type of the printed line is cast first; and the distribution of the
justification space, as herein shown, all takes place among the right hand four
of the word spaces in the line. For example, if there be ten units to distribute,
by way of addition, in order to justify the line, and the line contains six words
or five word spaces, such as the sample line " Mineapolis, Minnesota, is the town
to. as illustrated in the specimen line shown in Figure 10, the distribution of
the said ten units, by way of addition to the normal spacing, would be 8, 8, 8, 1,
among the right hand four word spaces of the cast line of type: or otherwise
stated, the word spacing, or the five quads of that specimen line, would be,
beginning from the right hand 5, 5, 5, 8 and 2 units, respectively in running
width of face.
If we indicate the justification space which may be distributed by way of

page_text: addition, by positive numbers, the normal word spacing of two units by the zero
mark and the justification space possible to distribute, by way of subtraction op
hair spacing, by negative numbers:- then. the justification which is possible, on
this machine, may be represented in the following tabular statement, 'to-wit;-
The additional parts for effecting the above tabulated distribution of the justifi-
cation space will now be noted.
Directing attention therefore to the further details of the justifier, and referring
especially to Figures 47 to 57 inclusive, it will be seen that the block carrying
the seven fixed contacts is secured to a pedestal, 16, as shown best in Figures 47,
50, and 51. The movable blocks 12, which carry the long spring finger
contacts, are movably mounted in run-ways of said pedestal 16, for indepen-
dent sliding movement thereon, and may be put under tension from springs 217, so
as to tend to move toward the right, until intercepted by some one of the seven
stops, one set of which stops 15 is provided for each of the blocks vll and v¹³.
Each of said blocks has on its under surface a catch-lug 18, which will engage

page_text: with any one of the stops 15, which may project into its path. Six of the stops v13
in each of the two sets, are spring-seated for vertical movement, through the
support, and the lower ends of the same project below the upper plate of the
machine bed, as shown in Figure 14, and normally rest on the upper ends of a
corresponding series of six spring-seated rods 19, mounted in a suitable support 2.
resting on the magnet drawer. The rods 19 are carried on the inner ends of
corresponding armature levers, which are subject to corresponding magnets ",
which magnets have been before described as being in setting circuit connec
tions, under the control of the strip c. Hence, any one of the movable stops 15
may be thrown up. so as to intercept the blocks 11.12, in any one of the first six
steps of the said blocks' possible movements, and if the said blocks be permitted
to move toward the right to their limit, they will be intercepted by the fixed
members of said stops 15. Hence, the movable contacts and 10 may be
independently set in any one of seven different possible positions, with respect
to the block 13, so as to make the said contacts and 210 co-operate either with
the said member or with any two different members of the fixed contacts 14.
In whatever position the contacts and 10 may stand relative to each other
or to the contacts, the long contact and the bridge contact, before described
will co-operate. This bridge contact ³, the relations of which are best shown in
Figures 54 and 61, always rests at one end, on the long contact, and will rest
at its other end, on one of the separated contacts or , according to the position
of the said bridge, under its traveling or escapement movements. When the
parts of the justifier are set for any given line, the bridge contact will be at the
extreme left limit of its travel. and will be there held, by an
escapement under spring tension, to move toward the right, for four
successive steps, under the escapement action. Having regard to the construction
of this escapement, the bridge contact has secured thereto a slide, mounted
in an insulating block 23 as shown in Figure 54. The slide has lugs 21
engaged by an angular rod 2, which rod 25 is carried by the long member of a
pair of escapement racks The short escapement rack is seated on the
long rack 26 and is held thereto with freedom for a limited relative movement by
a slot and pin connection 28, as shown in Figures 56 and 57, and is under tension
to move toward the left from a light spring, connecting the same with the
rack. The long rack is mounted for sliding movement in fixed keepers 130,
as shown in Figure 54, and is under tension from a relatively strong spring,
to move toward the right. The said racks are engaged in succession by a spring
held escapement pawl, which is pivoted to the upper arm of a bell-crank
armature lever, as shown best in Figure 53, which lever is subject to the
justifier escapement magnet. The armature lever is normally held in its
uppermost position by a spring and, thereby the escapement pawl is
normally held in engagement with the long rack 26; but, whenever the magnet
is excited, the lever will be pulled down and the spring pawl be made to
engage with the short spring held rack, which will thereby permit the long
rack to escape and move toward the right one step. In this escapement action.
the spring, of course, moves both racks 27 and 2, and carries with it the
slide and the bridge contact ³.
The escapement magnet is excited every time a word space hole is reached
on the strip.
The justifier escapement is so constructed as to provide for five positions of the
bridge contact ; or otherwise stated, the bridge having once been set, will
permit three contacts with the contact piece 4; and, at the fourth word space
hole of the strip will make contact with the contact piece ; and, at the fifth
word space hole of the strip, will reach its normal final right hand position and
make contact with the contact piece
Now, as shown in Figures 61, the contact piece connects, by the wire
and the fixed contact with the movable contact, which may be set to connect
with any one of the seven contacts ¹, as before described, so as to excite through
-

page_text: the wires, any one of the six mold magnets; the contact piece connects
by wire and the fixed contact with the movable contact, which may also
be set to connect with any one of the seven contacts +, and, through the wires
therefrom excite any of the six mold magnets ; and the normal contact
connects by the wire with the second from the left, or the normal two unit
member of the contacts ¹, and through the two unit member of the wires 7.20
connects with the two unit member of the mold magnets k
It must also be noted, that, if the movable contacts 10, or either of the same,
be set for co-operation with the right hand or seven unit member of the contacts 21+,
then the current will pass directly, over the wire, to the general return wire r48;
which it may do, inasmuch as no magnet is required for the seven unit or fixed
member of the mold plunger stops 18 as hitherto noted. Hence, from the fore-
going statement, it must be obvious that when the bridge contact is on the
piece where it remains for the first three word space holes of the strip c, it
may establish connections for exciting any one of the six mould magnets k²,
through conductors involving the set contact ; that, when the bridge is on
the contact, where it will be for the fourth word space hole of the strip, it
may establish connections with any one of said six mould magnets, over con-
ductors which include the set contact ; and, that when the bridge reaches its
final position on the contact piece, it will, at the fifth and every other succeed-
ing word space hole 24 of the strip, establish connections over the wire 798 and
the two unit member of the contacts and wires 26 to the two unit member of
the mold magnet.
From the foregoing, it must be clear that the position in which the contact
is set relative to the block 13, for co-operation with some one of the contacts ¹¹,
will determine the size of the quads, which are made for the first three word space
holes of the strip; and that the position in which the contact 10 is set with
respect to said block 13, for co-operation with one of the contacts r, will determine
the size of the single quad, which will be cast for the fourth word space hole 24
of said strip and that, at the fifth and every succeeding word space hole,
for any given line on the strip, the connections will be established for casting
quads of the normal size of two units. In this connection, it must be recalled
that the stripe is fed on the casting and setting mechanism in the reverse order
of its making on the composing mechanism.
Now, it only remains to state, so far as the principle of the justifier is con-
cerned, that the wires to the justifier stop magnets, are arbitrarily arranged,
with respect to the thrust pins 3 and the different possible transverse positions
of the justification holes on the strip, so as to excite the proper members of said
magnets and throw up the proper stops 15 to position the blocks and 1¹²,
which carry the contacts 29 and 2010, as required to effect the word spacing, or
produce the quads in accordance with the predetermined plain, which is repre-
sented in the tabular statement heretofore given.
This arbitrary arrangement of the wires with respect to the justifier stop
magnets r. and the thrust pins ³, corresponds exactly with the arrangement of
the wires from the typewriter to the perforator with respect to the punches ³,
punch magnets 7 and character keys a¹, bearing the arbitrarily disposed justifi-
cation numbers, by the use of which keys &c., the justification holes were made
on the strip as before fully described. The contact carrying blocks and 12
and the bridge contact, together with the escapement racks 26 27. are forced
to the extreme left, against the tension of their retracting springs 17 and 3 by
the combined tripping and setting slides $10, as hereinbefore dogmatically
stated, in considering the switch strip devices.
Having regard, now, to the details for this action, it may be first noted that the
said slides 10 normally stand, as shown in Figures 37, 47 and 51; but that,
when the switch trip magnet is excited the said slides 10, will assume the
position shown in Figure 48. Then, they will become subject to the action of the
cam surface 12 on cam wheel 1, as hitherto noted, and the said slides 8 and 10

page_text: will move out together, until the pawl 1 is tripped by striking the forward end of
the slot $15. The slide carries at its left hand end, a spring pawl 13, of a width
sufficient to engage behind both of the contact carrying blocks and w²; and
the said slide is also provided with an up turned arm 230, which will engage
behind the right end of an off set arm 37 on the long escapement rack. Hence,
on the outward movement of the said rack and so, the said parts 35 and 36 will
throw the contact blocks 1 and 2, the escapement racks 20 and 27and the
bridge contact to the extreme left and set the same under tension from their
respective retracting springs and . Just before the rack s reaches its outer-
most limit, the lower arm of the pawl will strike a fixed stop lug 38 and trip
the tip of the pawl out of engagement with the movable blocks 11 and 12,
thereby permitting the same to escape and move independently toward the right
under the action of the springs, until intercepted by the previously set members
of the justifier stops . At the proper time relative to the said actions, the
pawl will be tripped as before described, so as to permit the said slides to
return toward the right and reassume, in respect to the slides $10, the position shown
in Figures 47 and 51.
From the foregoing statement, the way in which the parts of the justifier are
set relative to each other, and the action of the justifier for controlling the
electrical connections to the mold stop magnets for purposes of justification must
be clear.
The trip hole on the strip, for the last previous line represented thereon.
is the first to come into action. This excites the switch magnet 2, which, in
turn shifts the switch s s¹, so as to establish the setting circuit connections and
moves the slides outward to their limit. These slides shift the justifier contact
blocks, the escapement racks 26 and 27, and the bridge contact 3, to their
left hand limit, and set the same under tension from their respective retracting
springs and 31.
While the switch maintains the setting circuit connections, the strip c moves
forward one step and brings the justification holes in position for action
to set the justifier for the next line represented on the said strip. This is done
by energizing the proper members of the stop magnets r, which in turn will
throw up the proper members of the two sets of justifier stops 213 and intercept
the contact blocks, so as to set the contacts and 10 carried thereby,
in the proper positions for co-operation with the proper members of the seven
contacts 14. Then, when the switch is restored to normal position and the
working circuit connections are re-established, every time that a word space
hole is reached on the strip, the connections to the mould magnets
be made over the escapement branch of the working circuit and through the
justifier. Hence, the justifier will control the positions of the mould plunger, at
the times when the quads are being east, so as to make the same of the proper
running width of face, for the justification of the particular line of composition
represented on the punctured strip.
will
From the above given description of the justifier and its action, it must be
obvious that it is in the nature of a controller for the word spacing devices,
which, on this machine, happen to be the mold plunger, so as to give quads
which may be either of the normal width of two units, or any other different
width, ranging from one to seven units as may be required for purposes of
justification. It must also be obvious, that the particular form of the justifier
shown, might be regarded as a combination switch-board, the parts of which
are capable of being set, to establish the connections required." It must be
equally obvious, however, that the justifier might take various other forms and
still be made to operate on the principle of my invention, as herein before described
and illustrated. For example, it might be made to control pneumatic, hydraulic
or other fluid motive power connections to the mould magnet; or might even
be made to control mechanical connections thereto. Looked at in this broad
point of view, the justifier simply involves the combination with variable sparing

page_text: devices of main and branch operating connections for the same, and a controller
or justifier proper capable of being set to establish the proper operative relations
between said connections, for any given predetermined line represented on the
punctured strip.
FIN FT...
In considering the type body mold k k k &c., and also, when considering the
matrix block n n' n &c., the actions were traced to the point where the cast type t
were ejected into the delivery channel k of the fixed mould section and there
held on their feet against the lock rib by the abutment t, as shown in
Figure 34.
it only remains to describe how the line of cast type is drawn rearward and
delivered into the gally tt, which abuts sidewise against the rear end of
the fixed mold section, as shown in Figure 37. The abutment slide t¹ is in
the form of a rack extending rearward across the the mouth of the gally and is
engaged by a pinion on a spring held shaft (, as shown best in Figures 37
and 38, which spring held shaft and pinion tends to throw the abutment th
to its foremost position within the type delivery channel. In a seat, formed
in the right side wall of the said delivery channel ko, and working freely through
a keeper on the abutment is mounted a pulling out slide 18 19. The party t
of said pulling out slide is in the form of a spring-catch which normally stands
as shown in Figure 34; but the back of which catch, when the slide begins to
move rearward, will engage with a cam surface t, on the fixed mould section k³,
and, thereby, force the hooked end of said catch, to engage behind the last ejected
type on the line, then in the channel 5. The rear end of the said slide 18 t has
pivotally attached thereto a rod which rod connects by a slot and pin con-
nection with the upper crank arm 3 of a vertical rockshaft ", as best shown
in Figures 13 and 38. The rockshaft ¹ has, also, at its lower end, another
crank-arm with a roller 1, as shown in Figure 51. A spring encircles
the rock shaft as shown in Figure 38 and rocks the same toward the front
so as to normally hold the said pulling out slide 18 to in the position shown
in Figure 34. But the roller 1 on the lower crank arm of said rock shaft t",
is subject, at the proper time, to the action of a lateral inclined face cam-lug 18,
on the setting slides, as shown best in Figure 51; and, under the action of
this cam-lug 18 the slide 18 t will be drawn rearward at the proper time, to shift
the line of cast type within the channel, from the position shown in Figure 34
to a point directly in front of the mouth of the gally (21³ t
The gally-head t is mounted for horizontal sliding movement lengthwise of the
body of the gally. For effecting this movement, the said gally-head is con-
neeted by a hook-lug to, with an arm, which is rigid with a slide-rod 121
mounted in suitable fixed bearings 12. The said slide-rod 21 is normally held to
the extreme right hand limit of its travel, by a spring 23, but has a rigid
arm, which projects rearward into the path of a face cam lug 2, on the setting
slide as best shown in Figures 37, 39 and 51; and this cam-lug will, there-
fore, force the slide-rod 21 and the gally-head outward, toward the left at
the proper time, to cause the gally-head to shove the line of type. then in front
of the gally mouth, into the body of the gally, as best shown in Figure 37.
A line dividing blade 31 is mounted for vertical movement through the gally-
head and a part of the main casting, as shown best in Figures 31, 38 and 39,
and is normally held down by a spring (26; but may be thrown up, at the proper
time, through a pair of levers and 1; of which pivoted levers, the member 27
extends from the left toward the right, and the member 28 extends transversely
thereto, from the front toward the rear, as best shown in Figures 37 and 39, and
is provided with a one way spring pawl which projects downward into the path
of a face cam-lug on the setting slides, as best shown in Figures 37 and 50,
}

page_text: mechanism so as to cause the same to produce justified lines and columns of
individual type corresponding to the composition represented on the strip.
Having a more specific regard to these actions on the type casting and setting
mechanism, it may be further recalled that the trip hole, for the last previous
line represented on the strip. comes first into action, and will cause the switch
and slide trip circuit to be closed, thereby starting into action the slides 10.
which through the parts operated thereby, will draw out and deliver into the gally
the last line of type, will shift the movable member of the switch so as to estab-
lish the setting circuit connections, and will throw the justifier contact blocks
and escapement toward the left into their initial position and set the same under
tension.
While the setting circuit connections are thus maintained by the switch, the
justification holes of the strip will come next into action, and will close the
proper branches of the setting circuit, so as to excite the proper justifier stop
magnets for intercepting and setting the blocks which carry the justifier con-
tacts 10 in the proper positions for co-operation with the proper members of
the seven fixed contacts of the justifier, for the control of the connections, sub-
sequently, to the mould stop magnets, at the word spaces, so as to justify the line.
Then, after the slide resumes its normal position and the movable members
of the switch is returned to its normal position so as to re-establish the
working circuit connections, the punctured representative strip will be fed, one
step at a time from the left toward the right, so as to bring the character holes (23
and the word space holes 24 thereof into action, in their proper order of sequence.
as located on the strip. Every time a character hole comes into action, the
proper members of the two sets of matrix block stop magnets will be excited,
so as to intercept the matrix block, when subsequently moved, and arrest the
same in proper position to centre the proper corresponding matrix at the casting
point; and, at the same time, when the matrix block stop magnets were excited.
the proper member of the mould stop magnets was also excited, so as to be in
position to intercept and position the mould plunger, when permitted to move
outward under the action of its co-operating springs and cam. After the said
stops have thus been set, the proper cam will co-operate with the impelling
spring for the matrix block, to move the said block outward and toward the left.
so as to position the proper matrix at the casting point, when the block is inter-
cepted by the said set members of the matrix block stops; and, the cam con-
trolling the mould plunger will permit the mould plunger springs to throw said
mould plunger outward until it is intercepted by the set member of said mould
plunger stops, and the shifting cam will also operate to throw the movable sec-
tions of the mould toward the left into its casting position. The shifting mould
sections and the matrix block reach the casting point almost coincidently. Then,
the proper cams will operate to force downward the clamping plunger and center-
ing pin, so as to exactly centre the selected matrix and clamp the block onto the
top of the type body mold, and to force upward the tube nozzle into the mouth
of the mold and clamp the conical contact in which the said nozzle is fixed against
the bottom plate of the mould. All the parts will then be in position to effect.
the cast. At the time when the stop magnets for the matrix block and the mould
plunger were excited, the pump trip magnet was also excited, so as to release
the pump lever lock and render the said pump lever subject to the control of
the pump actuating cam and spring: but, the said cam will hold up the pump
piston until the proper time, and will then permit the spring to become active to
force down the pump piston and effect the cast, and will then again raise the
pump piston and permit the pump lever lock to assume its normal position and
lock the piston in its uppermost position. In the foregoing statements, it has
been assumed that the reader had in mind the fact, herein before fully brought
out, in tracing the electric connections; that before the proper thrust-pins,
are forced through the proper holes of the strip into the proper mercury cells r³,
the circuit will be closed at the source contact wire r, and the contact on cam-

page_text: wheel number 5, as shown in Figure 61; and that the said circuit will remain
closed for a little more than one half of the revolution of cam-wheel 5, which is
long enough to permit the various magnets to do their work. Immediately after
the cast takes place, as above noted, the cam contact will have passed away
from the source contact r¹, and the circuit will be opened at that point. After
the circuit is thus broken at 2, the thrust-pins will be raised upward by
their actuating spring, when permitted by the cam 4.
Immediately after the cast was made and the circuit broken, as above noted,
the clamping plunger was raised by its proper arm, thereby lifting the matrix
block away from the cast type and the mould; and the tube nozzle was also thrown
down by its proper cam.
This releases the type-body mould; and, the shifting
cam comes next into action to shift the movable mould sections into their eject-
ing positions; and, simultaneously therewith, the matrix-block cam forces the
matrix-block to its rearward and right hand limits, into its initial or tapping
down position. The ejecting cam acts next to eject the cast type into the delivery
channel of the fixed mould section and to hold the same there until the type is
tapped down and the circuit connections are established for making the next type.
This tapping down of the ejected type is done by the cam surface on the cam-
wheel 5, and the parts operated thereby, just as the said cam-wheel starts on its
next revolution.
The parts are shown in Figure 14 and several of the other main views, as they
would appear just after the last cast type had been tapped down, and, after the
circuit connections had been established for making the next type.
In the foregoing statement, the actions have been traced during one revolution
of the shaft f, with reference to the production of a character-type, under the
control of one of the character-holes of the strip.
For producing a quad or the proper word spacing, under the control of the
word space holes of the strip, the actions are exactly the same, during one revolu-
tion of the shaft f. with, the exception that the circuit is closed over the escape-
ment branch of the working circuit only and through the justifier to the proper
mould stop magnet, so as to produce a quad of the proper size required for pur-
poses of justification.
No stop magnets were required to be excited, for positioning the matrix block.
inasmuch as the same would be intercepted by the fixed members of said matrix
block stops, as before described. for centering the quad surface of the matrix
block at the casting point.
CONCLUSION.
In conclusion it, may be remarked, that the accompanying drawings and all
the statements of fact contained in this specification, have been based upon a full
size working machine. It may also be added, that the type produced by this
machine are as perfect in point of face, as the best made type which are usually
made for hand setting: that the said type will lock up without any dressing or
trimming, into a form equally well with hand set type. Hence, the product of
this machine may be handled by the printer in exactly the same way, for the
purposes of correction, shifting the matter &c., as ordinary hand-set type. It
may be further added, that the speed attainable on the composing machine is
the same as the speed attainable on the standard typewriters; and that the speed
attainable on the casting and setting machine is about one hundred and sixty
type per minute.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is:
1. In machinery for composing, casting and setting type, the method of operat-
ing whereby there is first produced by the aid of a type writing machine or
equivalent machine with puncturing apparatus a punctured strip representing the

page_text: written composition, which punctured strip is then made to control mechanism
whereby type corresponding to the punctures are cast in a mould, are then justi-
fied and are conveyed into galleys in which they are set up in proper order for
printing, substantially as described.
2. The combination with a typewriting mechanism, of a strip-puncturing
mechanism so arranged as to enable the simultaneous production of a type
written proof and a punctured representative strip of the composition to be
effected.
3. The combination with two sets of punches representing factors of an aggre-
gate of combinations, of a key board and connections from the said key board,
grouped on a bi-factored principle corresponding to and for operating the said
two sets of punches, substantially as described.
4. The combination with the two sets of punches and operating keyboard referred
to in the third claim, of a strip-supporting and feeding mechanism, controlled
by a connection common to all the keys of the keyboard substantially as described.
5. Actuating the punches and strip feed mechanism referred to in the 4th
claim by means of electro magnet apparatus with circuit connections controlled
by the keyboard, arranged and operating substantially as described.
6. The combination with the punch-magnets, of the character keys and the
electric connections therefrom to said magnets, grouped on a bi-factored principle,
for making the working holes in the strip, of the word-space-keys and connec-
tions to one of the said magnets, for making the word-space-holes on the said
strip the trip key and contact with connections to one of the said punch magnets,
for making the trip hole, and the feed magnet of the common return wire from
all of said punch magnets, substantially as described.
7. The combination with a typewriting mechanism equipped with a differential
letter space indicator and having certain of its character keys marked also with
justification numbers, of a strip puncturing mechanism controlled from the
type writing mechanism, whereby the same keys may be used to make holes
representing characters or justification numbers and there may be simultaneously,
produced a type written proof of the composition and a punctured strip repre-
senting the characters and word spaces and the justification numbers or amount
of space requiring distribution to justify the corresponding lines of type, sub-
stantially as described.
8. A positive feed mechanism for a strip of material, comprising a pair of
co-operating needles which alternately penetrate the strip. the penetrating of
the one needle taking place when the strip is held stationary by the other needle,
and one of which needles has a limited movement in the direction of the strip's
travel, whereby an exact feed is insured to the strip, substantially as described.
9. The combination with the strip-supporting devices, of a feeding thrust bar
subject to the action of a magnet in one direction. and of a retracting spring in
the other direction circuit connections for exciting the said magnet, at the proper
time to reciprocate the said bar, a pair of feed needles carried by said bar, one
of which is fixed thereto, and the other of which is pivoted to the bar, a pair
of cam-lugs for rocking the pivoted needle, at the opposite limits of the thrust
bar's stroke, and a spring catch for holding the pivoted needle in a yielding
manner at the opposite limits of its rocking motion, substantially as described.
10. The combination with strip feeding devices, of a strip-supplying or receiv-
ing device, and electric connections for controlling the operation of said supply-
ing or receiving device, which connections are automatically controllable by the
strip itself to always maintain a limited slack section of the strip upon which
the feeding devices may act to propel the same without any strain beyond the
weight of the slack sertion of the strip, substantially as described.
11. The combination with the strip feeding devices, of the pair of strip holding
spools. on opposite sides of the feeding devices, for unwinding and winding up
the strip. a pair of electric motors for said spools, and circuit connections for both
of said motors so arranged as to be controlled by the strip itself to unwind and

page_text: ÷
wind up the strip, as required, to maintain a slack section subject to the feeding
devices substantially as described.
12. In a machine for casting and setting type, so arranging an adjustable mould
for casting type in combination with apparatus for regulating the size of the
mould according to the kind of type required, and with apparatus for supplying
molten type metal to the mould, and with a moveable matrix block for deter-
mining the character of the type to be cast, and with a justifying device for
justifying the lines of type as they are delivered from the mould, that the whole
of these devices are brought into action and controlled by means of a punctured
representative strip operating in conjunction with electrical contacts on the cir-
cuits of electromagnets controlling the said parts, substantially as described.
13. The combination, with a mould, of a melting pot for containing the
material to be cast, a tube leading from the said melting pot to the said mould,
means for controlling the discharge of molten material into the mould and con-
nections for applying an electric current to heat the said material, while in trans-
inission through said tube to the said mould, substantially as described.
14. The combination with a stereotyping mould, of a melting pot for containing
a supply of molten metal, a tube leading from said melting pot to said mould,
means for controlling the discharge of molten material into the mould, and con-
nections for applying an electric current to heat said metal, while in transmission
through said tube, said electric connections being so arranged that the current
will be conducted to the very outlet tip of the tube at the mouth of the mould,
but will be returned without passing through the mould, whereby the metal may
be delivered to the mould throat at any desired exact temperature while the
would itself will be unaffected by the heat from the melting pot or tube, sub-
stantially as described.
15. The combination, with a mould, of a vessel for containing the material
to be cast, a force pump in the said vessel, a tube leading from said vessel to the
said mould, and connections for applying an electric current to heat said
material to be east, while in transmission through said tube, substantially as
described.
16. In a machine for casting type, the combination with a type body mould,
of a plate having on its face and rigid therewith a font of matrices arranged in
rows in two directions, for alignment of any matrix with the throat of said type
body mould, by a two-way movement of the said plate substantially as described.
17. The combination with a type body mould, of a matrix-plate containing a
complete font of matrices rigid with the said plate, which matrices are separated
from each other and are justified into corresponding positions of uniform sized
spaces on said plate, by intervening walls of the said plate, which walls are of
uniform width body wise and of varying widths running wise of the matrices
or type, whereby the said plate may be brought to the casting position by uniform
steps of movement substantially as described.
Le-The--method--of-producing--an--integral-font-matrix--plate,--for-use-on-a-type
easting---machine,--which---consists--in-setting--ap-into---a-form--a--complete--font--of
en--electro--plating-bath--to--form---thereon--an--electro---matrix-plate-by--the--electro
printers--type--in--the-desired-arrangement, then--immersing-the-said-forme--itself-into
depositing-process, and--finally-in--separating--the--plate--from--the-forme;-by-picking
the-type-therefrom-separately,-substantially-as-and-for-the-purposes-set-forth.
18. The method of producing the integral font matrix block, herein described,
for use on type casting machines, which consists first, in setting up into a forme
a complete font of printer's type, second, in separating and justifying the said
type into corresponding positions of uniform sized spaces, runningwise, by trun-
cated or faceless type ground down below type body height, and in separating
and justifying the said type, bodywise, by rules also ground down below type
body height, third, in producing from said forme an electro-matrix plate by the
electro depositing process, in which step the type are picked from the plate

page_text: separately, and finally, backing the said electro matrix plate with metal suitable
for body, substantially as described.
19. The combination, with a type body mould, of the integral font two way
moveable matrix block, having the matrices on its face and the centering holes
on its back, the transversely moveable centering and clamping pin, and a pres-
sure-applying device applicable to the said pin and co-operating therewith, to
centre the matrix block and clamp the same to the type body mould in casting
position, substantially as described.
20. The combination with the type body mould, having a type nick rib, of the
integral font two way moveable matrix block, having matrices on its face and the
centering surfaces on its back, a centering pin engageable with said surfaces and
a combined clamping and lifting device, for operating the said pin to centre the
block and clamp the same in casting position, and for lifting the block away from
the type after the cast, substantially as and for the purposes set forth.
21. The combination with a matrix block carriage, of an integral font matrix
block mounted on and moveable crosswise of said carriage and having its matrices
arranged in rows in two directions, for selection by the said two way movement
of the block, a bell crank lever having its elbow pivoted to said carriage with
one of its arms connected to said block, an impelling spring and a
with a two way cam surface operative on the other arm of said bell crank to effect
both movements of the said block and to restrict the spring to a timed action,
substantially as described.
cam wheel
22. The combination with a type body mould having a throat plunger under
tension to assume an extreme position, of a series of stops for variably intercept-
ing the plunger to fix the mould throat for the different running widths of type
body, substantially as described.
24 Actuating-the--stops-referred--to--in-Clause-22,-by--means--of--electro-magnets
arranged-and-operating-substantially-as-described.
23. The combination with the type body mould having the throat plunger
under tension, of the two way moveable matrix block, under tension and having
its matrices arranged as described, and three sets of intercepting stops for posi-
tioning said parts. two sets of which co-operate to intercept the block for the
selection of the matrix and the third set of which intercepts said plunger to fix
the running width of the mould throat, substantially as described.
24. The combination with the type body mould, having its throat plunger under
tension, as described, of the two way moveable integral font matrix block with
its matrices arranged into rows in two directions and grouped according to
running width of face. the two sets of stops for positioning the matrix block, the
set of stops for positioning the mould plunger, the representative punctured strip,
controlling the said stops. magnets for operating said stops, and circuit connec-
tions for the same, including thrust pins co-operating with the said representative
strip, substantially as described.
25. In a type casting machine, the combination with the relatively fixed type
body mould section, of the shifting type body mould section, having the throat
channel fitted with the plunger, tending to assume its outermost position, stops
for variably intercepting the said plunger, and co-operating devices for actuating
the mould and plunger substantially as described.
26. The combination with the shifting section of the type body mould, of the
moveable casting nipple and the mould shifting devices, provided with means
for clamping the said nipple against the mouth of the mould when the mould
is in the casting position, substantially as described.
27. The combination. with the type-body mould, of the integral font matrix
block. having the matrices and the centering surfaces arranged as described, the
centering pin engageable with the said surfaces to centre the block and clamp
the same against the face of the mould, the casting nipple moveable against the
back of the mould, and pressure applying devices co-operating to clamp the said

page_text: matrix block and the said casting nipple to the mould, while the cast is being
made, substantially as described.
28. The type body mould, comprising a relatively fixed section and a two part
shifting section embracing a throat plunger, means for loosely holding the two
parts of said shifting section and said plunger together, at all times, except when
in the casting position, and means for tightly clamping the same together and to
the fixed mould section when in the casting position, substantially as described.
29. The combination, with the mould. of the pivoted frame carrying the matrix
block carriage and centering pin, and the swiveled plunger cooperating with the
said parts and adapted to be thrown to one side to afford clearance for the same
in their pivotal movements substantially as described.
30. The combination with a type body mould of a casting pot and a casting
nipple movable independently of the casting pot, for connection with the mould
throat at the time of the cast and for separation therefrom immediately after the
cast is made substantially as described.
31. The combination with the type mould of the casting nipple movable inde-
pendently of the casting pot, normally under strain to move away from the mould
and cam controlled devices for moving said nipple into registration with said
mould throat at the time of the cast, and for releasing the same to permit the
nipple to move away from the mould immediately after the cast is taken sub-
stantially as described.
82. The combination with variable word spacing devices of operating connec
tions for the same composed of main and branch members and a justifier adapted
to be set to throw the proper branches into operative relation with the main at
the word spaces for justifying the line substantially as described.
3. The combination with variable spacing devices of motors for controlling
the same, motive power conductors for the said motors comprising main and
branch members and a justifier adapted to be set to throw the proper branch
ar branches into operative relation with the proper main or mains for justifying
the line substantially as described.
34. In combination with electrically controlled spacing devices, the circuit
connections for the same composed of one or more main leads and a series of
branch leads corresponding to the varieties of spacing and a justifier adapted to
be set to throw the proper branch leads into operative relation with the proper
main leads for rendering available the proper circuit connections to control the
spacing devices so as to justify the line substantially as described.
35. In a justifier such as is referred to in the 36th claim, the provision of an
element which travels for establishing the circuit connections through the set
leads at word spaces in the proper succession, substantially as described.
36. The combination with electrically controlled word spacing devices of a
justifier for controlling the same comprising combination-contact blocks one of
which has a series of branch lead contacts corresponding to the different amounts
of word space, which blocks are capable of being set for any required combination
of contacts, and a main lead contact having a travelling movement over the said
contacts of said blocks for establishing the proper circuit connections in the
proper order substantially as described.
37. The combination with the representative punctured strip c. of the type
body mould the matrix block movable in two directions to bring its quad surface
into casting position at word spaces the combination contact block with the
series of branch lead contacts ", the two contact blocks 112 with the con-
tacts capable of being set as described, the main lead travelling contact
the escapement and escapement magnet for the said travelling contact, and
circuit connections to said escapement magnet, under the control of said strip
for operating the said escapement and travelling contact, substantially as described.
38. The combination with the variable spacing devices of main and brauch
operating connections for the same, a justifier for establishing the proper opera-
tive relation between said connections, comprising elements certain of which

page_text: are movable to permit the said elements to be properly set relative to each other,
and a series of stops for variably intercepting said movable element or elements
to properly set the same substantially as described.
39. In combination with the justifier and stops referred to in Claim 40, the
use of electromagnets, and circuit connections for controlling the stops, and of
a representative punctured strip controlling said circuit connections, substantially
as described.
40. The combination with the justifier-combination contact members requiring
to be set relative to each other for rendering available the proper combinations,
of springs applied to such of the same as require to be intercepted, magnet con-
trolled stops for intercepting the said parts to properly set the same, a power-
actuated device for throwing the said parts into initial position and putting the
same under tension from said springs, a magnet controlling the said setting
device, a representative punctured strip containing setting holes and circuit
connections for the said magnets controlled by the said strip for setting the
justifier, substantially as described.
41. The combination with the representative punctured controlling strip, of a
two-way moveable matrix-block, the type-body mould with its throat plunger
under tension, the two sets of stops for positioning said matrix-block, the set of
stops for positioning the mould plunger, magnets for operating said stops, a
justifier comprising elements adapted to be set to render the proper connections
to said mould magnets available, and a magnet controlled escapement for render-
ing said connections active, at word spaces and circuit connections for all the
said magnets, operative under the control of said strip, substantially as and
for the purpose set forth.
42. In a type casting and setting machine, the combination with the two-way
moveable matrix block and a type-body mould having a throat plunger under
tension, of two sets of stops, for positioning said matrix block, a set of stops for
positioning said mould plunger, a justifier for controlling said mould plunger at
word spaces, stops for setting said justifier, magnets for controlling all of the
said sets of stops, a representative controlling strip having working holes and
justifier setting holes, circuit connections for co-operation with the said strip
and magnets, including two sets of branches one for the working and the other
for the setting circuit, and a two-way switch for converting the working into
the setting circuit, or vice versa, substantially as described, whereby the same
thrust pins and perforations on the strip are made to answer for controlling both
the working and the setting circuit, substantially as described.
43. The combination with mechanism. for the production of printing surfaces,
of a representative punctured strip and co-operating connections for controlling
the said mechanism, including two or more branch sets of connections for con-
trolling parts doing different kinds of work, and an automatic switch, also con-
trolled by the strip, for throwing said branch sets of connections into action in
the proper order substantially as described.
44. The combination with the representative strip having the working circuit
holes, setting circuit holes and strip circuit holes, as described, of the working
circuit connections setting circuit connections and trip or switch circuit connee-
tions for co-operation therewith as described and the two-way switch, controlled
by the said trip circuit to convert the working into the setting circuit, sub-
stantially as and for the purpose set forth.
45. The combination with a type-body-mould, of a delivery channel, for receiv-
ing the ejected type, provided with a locked rib, in one of the walls, for engaging
behind the ejected type, when tapped down in the channel, and an abutment
plunger seated in said channel and under tension to assume an innermost position,
for holding the said type on their feet against the said lock-rib substantially as
described.
46. The combination with the type body mould, having a delivery channel of
an abutment plunger seated in said channel and under tension to assume an

page_text: innermost position against the outermost type for holding the type on their feet,
and a line delivery device, comprising a slide working in a seat opening from
the side of said channel, and provided on its inner end with a spring catch which
normally stands clear from the type, and a cam surface in the wall of said channel
for co-operation with the said catch, when the said slide is moved outward, to
force the catch into engagement with the back surface of the innermost type
substantially as described.
47. The machine for casting and setting type into justified lines, comprising
a driving shaft, cams, &c., for the application of power, the variable type body
mould, the two-way moveable matrix-block, the justifier, the sets of stops and
stop magnets for positioning the mould plunger, matrix block and the parts of
said justifier, the escapement-controlled contact and magnet, for rendering the
justifier active at word spaces, the melting pot located remote from the said mould
the electrically heated tube for conducting the metal from said melting pot to
said mould, the representative punctured controlling strip and the electric con-
nections for all of the said magnets under the control of said strip, all arranged
and operating substantially as and for the purposes set forth.
48. A machine for casting and setting type into justified lines, comprising a
driving shaft, cams, &c., for the application of power, the variable type body
mould, the two way moveable matrix block, the justifier, the several sets of
stops and stop-magnets for positioning the mould plunger, matrix-block and
the parts of the said justifier the escapement magnet, for rendering the justifier
active at word spaces, the two way switch and its trip-magnet, the representative
controlling strip, the electric connections for all of said magnets under the control
of the said strip arranged in the working, setting and trip circuits, as described,
and a melting pot, for supplying metal the said mould substantially as described.
Dated this 5th day of December 1894.
ABEL & IMRAY,
Agents for Applicant.