Phenate Compound for Bleaching, Scouring, and Stripping.
Year: 1897

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Alkali Phenate Compound for Bleaching, Scouring, and Stripping.
I, EDWARD MANDELL TAYLOR, of Cuckoo Nest, Polefield, Prestwich, in the
County of Lancashire, Manufacturing Chemist, do hereby declare the nature of
this invention to be as follows:-
My invention consists of a new bleaching scouring degumming. & stripping
compound prepared in the dry wet or liquid state which I now describe:-
Soluble fluid concentrated carbolic acid or the combined soluble cresylic acid
(cresol) with carbolic acid (phenol) and creosote is used & treated in conjunction
with an alkali sodium or potassium. This carbolic acid fluid as before men-
tioned is treated at 80 F. more or less with sodium carbonate (soda ash) with or
without caustic soda, or potassium carbonate (potash) with or without caustic
potash with the before mentioned carbolic fluid in any or all proportions as
stated or otherwise.
When the acid & alkali are brought together they combine & crystalize in
grey or brown crystals of " phenate of sodium" or phenate of potassium
the case may be.
"
as
These crystals or combination of acid & alkali may be used for several pur-
poses not yet specified the chief use I claim is for bleaching & scouring cloth
yarns & fabrics generally and degumming stripping or cleansing the raw material
herein mentioned or the like namely:-Cotton linen calico or woollen cloth as
pieces & textile fabrics in general; cotton waste tow wadding wool hair jute
rhea-rhamie flax yucca hemp silk worsted cotton & linen as hanks skeins yarns
tapes ropes & cords warps or threads & cop bobbins; china grass straw rags
esparto & other paper making materials or other vegetable or animal fibre
combed raw manufactured or otherwise.
65
It is sometimes required that caustic properties are desirable for scouring &
bleaching certain yarns or cloth in this case then caustic soda or caustic potash
is added to the carbonates in a powdered state previous to adding the carbolic
fluid as before mentioned forming "caustic sodium phenates" or caustic potas-
sium phenates" as the case may be. These ingredients may be varied in any
proportion most suitable for the goods to be scoured or bleached. It is also
sometimes desirable to add resin in the scouring & bleaching of certain yarns &
cloth in which case resin powdered may be added with advantage.
The proportionate quantities for my purpose and which I find necessary for a
proper combination of the ingredients in the manufacture of the materials
which I name sodium bleaching & scouring phenate" or potassium bleaching
& scouring phenate" I find by practical experiments as follows:-
"
"
For the manufacture of the before named "sodium phenate" I mix at 80 F.
or thereabouts in a suitable vessel or stone tank 100 lbs. sodium carbonate (soda
ash) with 22 lbs. fluid soluble concentrated carbolic acid or same proportion
combined soluble cresylic acid (cresol) with carbolic acid (phenol) & creosote when
thoroughly mixed I cover up & allow to rest 24 hours when the mixture combines

page_text: 66
to form crystals of a grey or brown color which I name sodium phenate." If
potassium carbonate is used to every 100 lbs. of potassium carbonate I add
22 lbs. fluid soluble concentrated carbolic acid or same proportion of combined
soluble cresylic acid (cresol) with carbolic acid (phenol) & cresote when
thoroughly mixed covered up & allowed to rest 24 hours the mixture combines
to form crystals which I name "phenate of potassium." If caustic soda or
caustic potash is required I add to the sodium carbonate or potassium carbonate
the caustic ground as a powder in proportions namely to every 100 lbs. sodium
carbonate (soda ash) I add 10 lbs. caustic soda or to every 100 lbs. potassium
carbonate I add 10 lbs. caustic potash when thoroughly mixed I take 22½ lbs.
to 33 lbs. fluid soluble concentrated carbolic acid or same proportion soluble
combined cresulic acid (cresol) with carbolic acid (phenol) & cresote when
thoroughly mixed & allowed to rest cover up 24 hours the mixture forms crystals
which I name "caustic sodium phenate or caustic potassium phenate' as
the case may be. I however do not confine myself to these proportions or one or
nore of these ingredients which may be varied or one or more of them omitted
namely more or less alkali carbonate or more or less caustic alkali or more or
less carbolic acid may be used according to the requirements of the goods to be
bleached. The proportions stated give the best general results from my practical
experience and repeated experiments.
66
"
The method of using my "phenates" in the process of bleaching & scouring
of cotton linen cloth or yarns in a general way is to use the sodium phenates
or the "potassium phenates" in the same way as soda ash or caustic soda is now
used only about 4 lbs. of "sodium phenates" is required in place of every 10 lbs.
of soda ash thereby saving 6 lbs. of scouring material in every ten pounds or
saving of 60% of soda ash material. In woollen cloth or yarns the " potassium
phenates" is required & in all cloth composed of animal fibre.
In scouring & bleaching of cloth or yarns whether cotton linen or other
vegetable fibrous material in manufactured state or the raw state there is not
only a great saving of material as now used but my "phenates" scours & bleaches
better & in less time requires less sours & less chloride (chemic) than the present
process & the risk of tendering fine fabrics is reduced in consequence of less
chloride (chemic)-in some cases none whatever-being required resulting in
stronger texture than by any other process of bleaching now in use the fibre
not being deteriorated or weakened as by the destructive action of chloride.
66
Moreover by using my "sodium" or potassium phenates" the goods are at
the same time disinfected by the antiseptic properties of my compound; no
insect life is possible the germs of disease are destroyed mildew & fermentation
of the sizing used in finishing is prevented. Where rags or waste is remanu-
factured the advantages of my "phenates" are obvious on account of the before-
mentioned disinfecting properties of this invention. In the treatment of
woollen goods the improvement in using my "potassium phenate" is less loss of
weight & quicker working than any other process & the goods are brighter when
finished. For washing raw wool the "potassium phenate" is to be used in the
beck of the washing machine purifying and deoderizing and cleansing the wool
with extraordinary quickness resulting in stronger brighter & longer fleece than
can be procured by any other process or material.
For wadding or medical bandages it is of great advantage for goods to be
bleached by my "phenates" as its antiseptic properties are unequalled.
For degumming or stripping flax or like vegetable fibres which contain a skin
of an albuminous gummy or resinous matter the "phenates" at once act on the
gums dissolving the same very rapidly and far better than lime or other cleansing
material at the same time preserving the fibre from destruction.
· Dated this 27th day of October 1907

page_text: Alkali Pnenate Compounu ior Dieaching
66
*PF¹¨¯*
I, EDWARD MANDELL TAYLOR, of Cuckoo Nest," Polefield, Prestwich, in the
County of Lancashire, Manufacturing Chemist, do hereby declare the nature of
this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particu-
larly described and ascertained in and by the following statement: -
My invention consists of a new bleaching scouring and degumming compound
prepared in the dry wet or liquid state which I now describe:-Soluble fluid
concentrated carbolic acid or the combined soluble cresylic acid (cresol) with
carbolic acid (phenol) and creosote is used & treated in conjunction with an
alkali sodium or potassium.
This carbolic acid fluid as before mentioned is treated at 80 Fahrenheit (more
or less) with sodium carbonate (soda ash) with or without caustic soda or potas-
sium carbonate (potash) with or without caustic potash with the before men-
tioned carbolic fluid in any or all proportions as stated or otherwise. When
the acid & alkali are brought together they combine & in about twenty-four
hours crystalize in pink or purple crystals of "phenate of sodium'
of potassium as the case may be.
66
or phenate
These crystals or combination of acid & alkali may be used for several purposes
the chief use I claim is in the bleaching & scouring processes for cloth, yarns
and fabrics generally & degumming stripping or cleansing the raw material
herein mentioned or the like namely:-Cotton, linen, calico, or woollen cloth;
as pieces & textile fabrics in general; cotton waste, tow, wadding, wool, hair,
jute, rhea, ramie, flax, yucca, hemp, silk, worsted; cotton and linen as hanks,
skeins, yarns, tapes, ropes & cords, warps or threads, & cop bobbins, china grass,
straw, rags, esparto, & other paper making materials, or other vegetable or animal
fibre, combed, raw, manufactured or otherwise.
66
It is sometimes required that caustic properties are desirable for scouring &
bleaching certain yarns or cloth in this case caustic soda or caustic potash is
added forming crystals of "caustic sodium phenates" or caustic potassium
phenates" as the case may be. These ingredients may be varied in any propor-
tion most suitable for the goods to be scoured or bleached.
It is sometimes desirable to add resin in the scouring & bleaching of certain
yarns & cloth in which case resin powdered may be added with advantage.
The proportionate quantities for my purpose & which I find most suitable for
a proper combination of the ingredients in the manufacture of the material
which I name "sodium bleaching & scouring phenates' "potassium bleaching
& scouring phenates," I have by practical test found as follows:
"
or
For the manufacture of "sodium phenate." I mix at 80 F. (Fahrenheit) to 100 F.
or thereabouts in a stone tank or other suitable vessel 100 lbs. sodium carbonate
(soda ash) with 5, 10 to 15 lbs. fluid soluble concentrated carbolic acid or same
proportion combined soluble cresylic acid (cresol) with carbolic acid (phenol)
& creosote; when thoroughly mixed it is immediately passed through a dis-
integrating type of crushing mill, covered up & allowed to rest 24 hours when
the mixture heats and rises the temperature some 20° F. & combinds to form
sodium phenates."
crystals of a pink or purple shade which I name
"
66
For the potassium phenate" I mix to every 100 lbs. potassium carbonate
5 to 10 lbs. fluid soluble concentrated carbolic acid or same proportion of com-
bined soluble cresylic acid (cresol) with carbolic acid (phenol) and cresote;
when thoroughly mixed in a dry atmosphere at 100 F. or thereabouts & passed
through a disintegrating mill covered up & allowed to rest 24 hours the mixture
combines to form crystals which I name phenate of potassium."

page_text: 66
66
If caustic properties are required then caustic soda or caustic potash is added
to the "sodium phenate" or potassium phenate" either ground as a powder
or in suitable lumps in proportions namely to every 100 lbs. of carbonates con-
tained in the beforementioned phenates" I add up to 12½ lbs. caustic sodium
or caustic potash & pass through the crushing & disintegrating mill at a dry
temperature of from 80 F. to 100 F. or the whole of the separate ingredients may
be mixed & crushed together. When thoroughly crushed & mixed & covered
" caustic
up 24 hours the mixture combines & forms crystals which I name
sodium phenates" or caustic potassium phenates" as the case may be.
Resin (colophony) may be added at any stage of the mixing process or after-
wards in a fine powder or suitable lumps.
I however do not confine myself to these particular proportions or one or more
of the ingredients which may be varied or omitted namely more or less alkali
carbonate or more or less acid or more or less caustic may be used according to
the requirements of the goods to be scoured or bleached. The proportions
stated prove to be the best and gave satisfactory results from practical experience
in the process of bleaching and scouring cloth yarns &c. also from repeated
experiments in mixing & testing the several compounds.
<
"
66
"
now
The method of using my "phenates" in the process of bleaching & scouring
cotton or linen cloth or yarns & goods composed of vegetable fibre in a general
way is to use sodium phenates or caustic sodium phenates" in the ordinary
way that soda ash or caustic soda is now used, only, four pounds of the "phenates
is required to do the work of ten pounds of soda ash or caustic soda being a
saving in a general way of six pounds of alkali in every ten pounds as
required to do the same work or a saving of some 60% of raw material also the
process of souring is unnecessary and omitted after the lime boil by simply
adding a small proportion of "phenates" in the lime keir; thus shortening the
present method by some hours & a process the less. For woollen cloth or yarns
the "potassium phenate" is to be used & all other goods composed of animal
fibre resulting in quicker working less loss of weight & the goods are brighter
when finished.
Having now particularly described & ascertained the nature of my said
invention & in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is:-
1. That the combination of fluid carbolic acid or the combined soluble cresylic
acid (cresol) with carbolic acid (phenol) & creosote with the alkalies sodium or
potassium to form a compound or mixture for bleaching and scouring cloth,
yarns, animal & vegetable fibres & the like is new & original.
2. That the antiseptic properties of my invention preserves the cloth yarns
& fibres in a great degree from mildew & fermentation after sizing & finishing.
Dated this Sixth day of May Eighteen Hundred and Ninety-eight.
EDWARD MANDELL TAYLOR.