matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN MANUFACTURING METALLIC CHESTS FOR CONTAINING FLAGONS, GLOVES, AND OTHER SIMILAR ARTICLES
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Adolphe Bertin at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 17th
November 1871.
I, ADOLPHE BERTIN, of Rue Albany, No. 9, à Paris, Manufacturer,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MANUFACTURING METALLIC CHESTS FOR CONTAINING FLAGONS, GLOVES, AND OTHER
SIMILAR ARTICLES," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to metallic chests or cases for holding flagons or
flasks of scent, pomade pots, gloves, and other similar articles, and
consists of forming the chest or case in such way that it is held together
in a solid and substantial manner without the use of independent rivets
or attachments.
In order to effect this the faces or sides composing the case are cut out
to any desired shape or ornamental design, and formed with projections
which fit into and are secured in slits or openings made for their
reception. The back of the case is made plain, but near its edges
elongated rectangular slits or openings are cut, four being vertical, and

page_text: one at the base horizontal; the edge of the base is also notched in two
places. The lateral faces, or in other words the sides of the case, are
alike, and are cut or stamped out to any desired pattern. Each side has
two rectangular and three ornamental projections. Within the lower
edge of each of the sides is a horizontal slit, and near the edge of each
vertical side are small circular openings. The bottom of the chest or
case is plain, and has four hooks or projections, one on the centre of
each side. The front portion of the case, cut out to any desired pattern,
is furnished with two vertical slits or openings and one horizontal one.
The cover or lid of the casket or case is in two pieces, the flap or lower
one being suspended to the top one. For this means the top part has
four projections and two perforations, and the lower portion or flap two
projections. The different parts are now attached by inserting the
projections or claws into the several slits or openings made to receive
them, and in this manner the chest or case is held together without the 1
aid of independent means, such as rivets or screws.
IMPROVEMENTS IN HACKLING FLAX, HEMP, AND OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS, AND IN THE VERTICAl Sheet Hackling MACHINE TO BE USED THEREFOR
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Stephen Cotton at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 9th
October 1871.
I, STEPHEN COTTON, of Belfast, Ireland, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN HACKLING FLAX, HEMP, AND
OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS, AND IN THE VERTICAl Sheet Hackling MACHINE
TO BE USED THEREFOR," to be as follows:-
"E
the
These improvements relate to what is known in the trade as
intersecting or vertical sheet hackling machine," and they consist of
improved arrangements for hackling the vertically hung or suspended.
bunches or "strieks" (herein-after called stricks) of flax or other fibrous
material on one side only at a time, or of the two opposite sides
alternately, as the hackles pass through it, instead of operating on both
sides of the strieks simultaneously, as is now done.
The object of my improvements is to produce a larger yield of long
fibre or valuable material, and consequently producing less "tow" or
short fibre, which is comparatively of little value; this benefit is more
especially attained in the early stages of the hackling process. . The

page_text: hackles acting on one side at a time operate less severely on the fibrous
material than when it is hackled on both sides simultaneously.
The means by which I propose to effect the above object are as
follows:-In my improved machine I fix the hackles to the hackle bars,
and these latter I attach to the revolving sheets, as in ordinary "inter-
secting hackling machines," except that the said hackles are arranged
longitudinally and at alternate intervals on each revolving sheet, so that
first one side of the suspended strick of fibrous material is operated on
and then the opposite side thereof, as the alternate hackles on either
side come in contact with it during their revolutions until the hackling
process is finished; or the whole of the hackles may be fixed on one
revolving sheet only, so as to operate exclusively on one side of the
suspended strick of fibrous material, in which case the said strick is
caused to turn round by any ordinary means, so as to expose first one
side or face of the strick of material and then the opposite side or face :
thereof to the operation of the hackles. The flax or other fibrous
material may be hackled on one side at a time, as now proposed, during
a portion only of the hackling process, and be finished by hackling on
both sides at once, as heretofore. In hackling only one side or face of
the suspended strick of fibrous material at a time tho said strick will
have a tendency to fly or be pushed from the points of the hackle pins
as the latter come in contact with it; to remedy this I attach small
blocks or strips of wood, or other suitable material, to the hackle bars
on the revolving sheet opposite to the one carrying the hackle pins ;
these pieces of wood are so formed and fixed as to press gently against
the fibrous material and keep it vertical and steady whilst being
hackled.
IM- PROVED APPARATUS FOR SPLITTING AND BREAKING ICE FOR DOMESTIC PURPOSES
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Victoria Ellen Procter at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with her Petition, on the
14th February 1871.
I, VICTORIA ELLEN PROCTER, of Bradstone, in the County of Devon,
Widow, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IM-
PROVED APPARATUS FOR SPLITTING AND BREAKING ICE FOR DOMESTIC PURPOSES," to
be as follows:-
This Invention consists of an apparatus constructed as follows, whereby
ice is more readily and efficiently split and broken for domestic use,
than heretofore. A bar or pin of highly tempered steel and having a
sharp point is fixed in a cylindrical block of hard wood, ivory, ebonite,
metal, or other suitable material, such block being provided with a
screw at each end thereof capable of fitting the end of a hollow cylin-
drical case constructed of hard wood, ivory, ebonite, metal, or other
suitable material. The hollow cylindrical case is provided at one end
thereof with a female screw thread to receive the screw on the end of
the cylindrical block. The other end of the case is constructed with a

page_text: flat surface for the purpose of receiving pressure. The bar or pin may
be of a circular, triangular, or other suitable section.
When it is desired to use the apparatus the screw on the end of the
cylindrical block opposite to that in which the steel bar or pin is fixed
is screwed into the cylindrical case, which thus forms a handle, and
upon placing the point of the bar or pin upon the ice and exerting
pressure upon the flat end of the cylindrical case, the ice is readily
and quickly broken or split into pieces of the desired size without
noise.
When the apparatus is not required to be used the cylindrical block
is unscrewed, the steel bar or pin placed in the hollow cylindrical case
and the block holding the bar screwed into the female screw thread in
the cylindrical case, thus rendering the whole perfectly portable.
AN IMPROVED METHOD OF PRODUCING, INSTEAD OF BY ENGRAVING, FIGURED DESIGNS ON METAL PLATES
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George White at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 23rd June
1871. A communication from abroad by Mr. François Victor
Baudelot, of Haraucourt, France.
I, GEORGE WHITE, of 68, Queen Street, Cheapside, in the City of
London, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "AN IMPROVED METHOD OF PRODUCING, INSTEAD OF BY ENGRAVING,
FIGURED DESIGNS ON METAL PLATES," a communication to me from abroad
by M. François Victor Baudelot, of Haraucourt, France, to be as
follows:-
This improved method for producing figured designs on metal plates
instead of by engraving, as hitherto practised, consists merely in a sort
of embossing, viz., by making use as a die of an engraved plate, applying
the engraved surface of this latter firmly against the smooth surface of
the plate which is to receive the impression, and in this state submitting
the plates to a pressure of sufficient magnitude-for-causing the design
of the engraved plate to be impressed in the smooth surface of the
other plate.

page_text: For this purpose an embossing machine or press may be made use
of, such, for instance, as that represented in the annexed Drawing, in
which the Figs. 1 and 2 respectively show a front and a side elevation
view, and which consists merely of a suitable frame A, in which two
rollers B, B, may be caused to revolve by means of suitable gearing C,
and receive motion from any suitable prime mover, provision being
made for allowing to fix the engraved plate or plates which are to serve
as dies, and in the manner, for instance, as shown in sectional view in
Fig. 3, to the surface of the rollers B, B; provision being also made for
setting these latter at any suitable distance apart, and for allowing the
plate or plates which are to receive the impression to pass between the
dies or engraved plates, so as to imprint the design of these latter. on
the smooth plate or plates.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BUSHES FOR THE BUNGHOLES OF CASKS, AND IN THE MEANS EMPLOYED FOR FIXING THE SAME
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Peter Wilson at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 23rd March
1871.
I, PETER WILSON, of Edinburgh, in the County of Mid Lothian,
North Britain, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN BUSHES FOR THE BUNGHOLES OF CASKS, AND IN THE MEANS
EMPLOYED FOR FIXING THE SAME," to be as follows, that is to say:―
Previous to this Invention it has been the practice to fix metallic
bushes in the bungholes of casks either by making the bushes with a
screw thread on the outer surface which enters into a corresponding
screw thread in the hole in the stave or by raising a flanch or bead
round the inner end of the bush after it is placed in the bunghole.
Under both of these methods the bushes become loose, are costly, and
possess other disadvantages.
According to the first modification of the present Invention the bushes
are formed on their outer surfaces with two or more angular shaped
projections or points, and the outer diameter of the bush is slightly less
than the hole in the stave into which it is to be inserted and held.
When inserting a bush of the kind referred to as constituting this

page_text: Invention it is placed upon a mandrel and driven or forced into the
hole in the stave, the projections entering the wood of the stave thereby
holding the bush in place, and after the bush is driven into the stave
it is expanded so as to fill the hole, the tool used for expanding it being
either a mandrel which may be driven through the bush, or a roller
expander may be employed.
According to the second modification of this Invention the bushes
are formed with one or more vertical feathers on the exterior, which
enter into the wood of the, stave, and with or without a flanch at the
upper side. The lower side of the bush has a screw thread cut thereon
and is provided with a correspondingly screwed nut or ring which when
tightened holds the bush in its place.
IMPROVEMENTS IN WEATHER PROTECTORS OR SMALL TENTS, AND IN UMBRELLAS, SUNSHADES, AND PARASOLS
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Ritchie and Jessy
Gertrude Ritchie at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 24th February 1871.
WC, GEORGE RITCHIE and JESSY GERTRUDE RITCHIE, both of
Belmont Villa, Tyrwhitt Road, Upper Lewisham Road, in the County
of Kent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN WEATHER PROTECTORS OR SMALL TENTS, AND IN UMBRELLAS,
SUNSHADES, AND PARASOLS," to be as follows:-
Our improvements relate firstly, to weather protectors, umbrellas, sun-
shades, and parasols in which the stretchers are jointed to the top notch
and the ribs to the to the runner, or are indirectly connected to it in the
manner described in the Provisional Specification of a Patent granted to
us, dated 26th August 1870 (No. 2347), and consist in forming them in
such manner that when the weather protectors, umbrella, sunshade, or
parasol has been closed, its covering, together with the ribs, stretchers, top
notch, and runner may be slid along the stick towards its handle end, and
be secured there by a suitable catch. When the weather protector,
umbrella, sunshade, or parasol is to be again opened the covering and
parts which carry it are slid back along the stick, and the top notch

page_text: locked to it near its tip end, the weather protector, umbrella, sunsliado,
or parasol may then be opened as described in the Specification before
mentioned and resemble an ordinary umbrella, sunshade, or parasol.
Various ways of connecting and disconnecting the top notch to the
stick may be adopted.
One arrangement for effecting this is to cause a pin projecting inwards
from the barrel of the top notch to enter a groove cut longitudinally in the
stick, and when the top notch is at either of its extreme positions to
turn it partly round so that the pin shall enter a short slot branching
out at right angles from the longitudinal slot.
Other arrangements may however be adopted for the purpose. The
coverings of ordinary umbrellas, sunshades, or parasols, together with
their ribs, stretchers, top notch, and runner, may likewise be made
capable of being slid up and down along the stick.
In order that the covering of umbrellas, sunshades, and weather
protectors may conveniently be made to bow or curve downwards to a
considerable extent after they have been opened in place of the covering
being caused to extend over all the ribs as heretofore, we leave the
space between two of the ribs uncovered, and after the umbrella, sunshade,
parasol, or weather protector has been opened the bow or downward |
curve of the covering may be increased by drawing together the tip
ends of the two ribs by a strap or otherwise, some of the ribs are thus
caused to turn somewhat around the top notch or runner, to which they
are jointed, and the top notch and runner are suitably formed to allow of
this movement.
A NEW MOTIVE POWER APPLICABLE TO CLOCKS, WATCHES, AND OTHER MACHINES
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Silas Rogers at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 21st
July 1871.
I, SILAS ROGERS, of 123, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "A NEW MOTIVE
POWER APPLICABLE TO CLOCKS, WATCHES, AND OTHER MACHINES," to be as
follows:-
This Invention which is illustrated on the accompanying Sheet of
Drawings, consists of two toothed wheels a, b, Figs. 2 and 5, of the same
diameter, having between them a spring c, Figs. 2, 3, 4, and 5, one
end of which is fixed to the shaft d, and the other end to the wheel b,
and both wheels a, b, are geared into one long pinion, from the arbor
or shaft of which the other required motions are obtained. Fig. 1 is a
view of the external casing.
IMPROVEMENTS IN HOSIERY KNITTING MACHINES
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Luke Woodward at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 8th
November 1871.
I, LUKE WOODWARD, of the Firm of Messrs. Moses Mellor and Sons,
of Awkwright Street, Nottingham, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN HOSIERY KNITTING MACHINES," to be
as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in hosiery knitting
machines, and the improvements relate to the employment of additional
thread carriers which can be put in action at pleasure in rotary or power
knitting machines for the purpose of making what is known as spliced
heels.
Heretofore in the ordinary rotary or power frames for making
stockings, one carrier needle or thread layer has been employed to each
division of needles for making the stocking leg down to where the
opening is left for the insertion of an instep piece, and where the heel
commences. When the heel is arrived at, the carrier, which previously
has travelled across the whole width of the division of needles, is stopped

page_text: so as only to travel a distance sufficient for forming one side of the heel,
and a thin thread called a splicing thread is run in with the thread that
has made the leg. At the same time a second thread carrier or layer is
brought into work for making the other side of the heel; thus there are
two sets of thread layers at work, one for each of the hecl pieces which
are formed at the two sides of the opening left at the instep. The
instep is pressed off by the thread layers stopping short; the heels are
worked the proper length and pressed off, and the stocking or sock is
finished on another machine where the needles are set out for making
the feet.
According to my Invention I employ as heretofore a thread layer
that passes from side to side of the stocking or division for forming the
leg piece, but at a distance say of about an inch before arriving at the
heel I bring into action a carrier which travels the width of the heels
only, at the same time that the other thread layer travels the whole
width of a division or stocking leg. The additional thread carriers lay
in what is called the splicing thread, and thus two thicknesses of work
are being made at the same time from the same division of needles. By
this means the heel can be made thicker higher up the leg in the same
that stockings are now made on hand machines. When the heel is
arrived at the thread carrier that previously travelled across the
division of needles is stopped so as to travel only the width of one
side of the heel, and for the other side of the heel an additional
thread is inserted by the additional thread carrier working on that side
of the heel.
way
AN IMPROVED DOUBLE FURROW TURN-WREST PLOUGH
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Davey at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 10th June
1871.
I, JOHN DAVEY, of Crofthole, in the County of Cornwall, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED DOUBLE FURROW
TURN-WREST PLOUGH," to be as follows:-
The improved plough which forms the subject of this Invention is
constructed with two beams to which are attached four distinct sets of
shares, coulters, and mould plates, the whole being so
arranged as to
revolve on a central tube. At each revolution of the beams two sets
of shares, coulters, and mould plates enter the ground for work, while
the other two sets are on the top ready to replace them at the head-
land. For the purpose of lifting the shares, coulters, and mould plates
clear of the soil at the headland a chain is provided, which passes
through the whole length of the central tube, and is connected at
each end with a small windlass capable of being actuated by a suitable
handle, so that at whichever end the winding is effected both ends are
operated upon, and the beams drawn and hauled off the land sufficiently
to produce the revolution, thus bringing the other sets of shares,
coulters, and mould plates which have been resting above on to the land

page_text: for work. Two catches are provided which hold both beams to the
central tube, and which are unlocked while the chain is being wound,
and by the revolving action relock the beams to the central tube when
the same are again let down. The wheels are so arranged for turn-wrest
ploughing as to lay each furrow one way. Two steering wheels are
employed, one at each end of the plough, the same being provided with
regulating stops on the shafts to give any desired depth of furrow while
ploughing. Four wheels are attached to the beams, two of which are
always elevated whilst the other two are at work. By means of this
arrangement, which is a substitute for ground pieces or slades, firmness
and steadiness is given to the plough, which takes its regular bearing on
the wheels. The plough is not turned at headlands but is drawn by the
horses from either end.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BREECH-LOADING FIRE-ARMS
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Edward Newton at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 27th April 1871.-A communication from abroad by James
Blake Marshall, of Boston, in the State of Massachusetts, United
States of America.
I, WILLIAM EDWARD NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery
Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN BREECH-LOADING
FIRE-ARMS," to be as follows:-
1
This Invention relates to the construction and arrangement of the
breech portion of such guns as receive a loaded cartridge at and throw out
the empty shell from the breech. In form this breech portion is some-
what similar to that of the Chassepot and other arms which have a
sliding bolt to open and close the cartridge chamber. This bolt is
turned to lock and unlock in a breech frame or receiver, which may be a
continuation of the barrel or distinct therefrom. The sliding breech
piece is composed of two parts consisting of a cylindrical bolt, upon
and projecting from which are, (1) the locking cam which is placed near
the end of bolt for convenience, and operates within the cylindrical

page_text: grooved back of the cartridge receiver or chamber, (2) the knob or
handle for turning and withdrawing the bolt. This knob is placed at
the extreme rear end of the bolt as being the most convenient position.
The other part or overlaying section of the bolt is separate and detach-
able from the rotating part and moves back and forth, but does not
rotate with it. It forms a cover for the slot in the cartridge receiver or
chamber when closed, and its hooked end serves as an extractor for the
empty shell. A ring at the back end of the cover or spring portion
of the bolt embraces the reduced back end of the bolt in front of the
cam, and has an incline or a cam groove at the back end, which is a
guide and safety stop to the firing pin. The cam groove draws back the
pin when the knob is turned up after firing, and prevents it from going
forward to explode a newly inserted cartridge until the bolt is securely
locked.
In order to throw out the empty cartridge a slight depression or
incline is made in the bottom of the receiver or chamber and terminates
in_a_square_shoulder.._Or_in_place of this shoulder a corrugated or
roughened surface may be made at this portion of the receiver, or one
or more grooves may be cut across the same to retard the farther move-
ment backward of the lower portion of the shell. A. spring top forces
the shell down and causes it to enter the depression or groove, and thus
be tipped and thrown out. The firing pin extends entirely through the
bolt and is forced forward in firing by an external hammer striking a
projecting portion of the pin at the rear of the bolt. This projecting
part is cranked, so that in turning the bolt to unlock the breech piece
this cranked projecting portion is carried away from the line of the blow
of the hammer. The hammer is arranged to be cocked by hand,
or by the action of the bolt upon it in drawing it back in readiness to
load the gun.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN COKING COAL, AND GENERATING GAS FOR HEATING AND OTHER PURPOSES, AND IN THE APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREFOR
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Andrew Barclay at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 14th
March 1871.
I, ANDREW BARCLAY, of Kilmarnock, in the County of Ayr, North
Britain, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention of “IMPROVE-
MENTS IN COKING COAL, AND GENERATING GAS FOR HEATING AND OTHER PURPOSES,
AND IN THE APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREFOR," to be as follows, that is to
say:-
This Invention has for its object to effect economy in the coking of
coal, and it consists in employing the gases driven off from the coal in
the process of coking it, for the purpose of heating and maintaining the
coking operations, the gas being either re-admitted to the coking ovens
or chambers through suitable channels, pipes, or passages in admixture
with the quantity of atmospheric air necessary to ensure their com-
bustion, so far as that can be practically attained, or caused to burn in
flues surrounding the coking oven in order to prevent the coal being
coked from being consumed by contact with atmospheric air, care also
being taken to reduce to a minimum the admission of air to the coking
ovens or chambers by other openings.

page_text: The gases may be drawn off and collected into a chamber or other
receptacle and forced back into the ovens or chambers by a jet or jets of
air or steam, or by any exhausting and forcing mechanism, such, for
example, as an air pump or fan.
The gas obtained in the manner herein-before described may be
conducted through pipes and used for heating puddling, scrap, and other
kinds of heating and reverberatory furnaces, or it may be used for the
generation of steam, and for lighting purposes, the pipes or passages in
each such case being provided with valves or cocks for regulating the
supply.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF MILLSTONES FOR GRINDING GRAIN AND OTHER SUBSTANCES
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederick Ransome at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 81st August 1871.-Partly a communication from abroad by
Benjamin Krips, of Gand, in the Kingdom of Belgium.
I, FREDERICK RANSOME, of Queen Street Place, Cannon Street, in
the City of London, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF MILLSTONES FOR GRINDING GRAIN
AND OTHER SUBSTANCES," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists of constructing millstones of alternate narrow
sectors of natural stone, or of artificial stone made by processes
analagous to that described in the Specification of a Patent granted to
me 22nd of April, 1841, No. 10,360, or on the 9th day of April, 1861
·(No. 877), and narrow sectors of plaster of Paris, or of cement, such as
Portland or other suitable cement of a character softer than the stone of
which the grinding sectors are composed.
The sectors of artificial stone are by preference somewhat broader than
the sectors of cement. The several sectors are bound together by metal
A millstone of
hoops around the periphery of the built-up stone.

page_text: artificial stone is thus obtained, which has the advantage over ordinary
millstones in not requiring to be redressed, and of always maintaining
equally its grinding power, less power is also required for driving it,
whilst at the same time more work can be effected by it than with
ordinary millstones.
In place of building up the stone of several sectors as above explained
a millstone may be formed of the artifloial stone with deep radial or
tangential grooves upon its working surface which may be subsequently
filled in with plaster of Paris or other suitable cement, as before
described.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF CARTRIDGES FOR CHASSEPOTS AND OTHER SIMILAR RIFLES
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Garrett Tongue at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
2nd May 1871.-A communication from abroad by Pierre Marie
Fouque, of Paris, France.
3 I, JOHN GARRETT TONGUE, of the Firm of Tongue and Birkbeck,
Patent Agents and Engineers, of 34, Southampton Buildings, Chancery
Lane, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF CARTRIDGES FOR
CHASSEPOTS AND OTHER SIMILAR RIFLES," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in the construction of
cartridges for chassepots and other similar rifles. For this purpose the
gunpowder or other explosive material is enclosed in a tube, by pre-
ference made of wood, although paper or other suitable material may
be employed, the tube being of taper or conical form and of suitable
strength. The smaller end of the tube is closed, the mouth or upper
end being open for introducing the charge of gunpowder or other
explosive material. A cylindro-conical ball is fixed or secured to the
closed end of the tube by means of a band of gummed paper or by other
convenient means, the whole being covered by cotton, cloth, or other

page_text: suitable fabric coated or treated with gum or lubricating material,
When the tube is filled with gunpowder or other explosive material a
washer of pasteboard or other suitable material corresponding in size
with the mouth of the tube is inserted therein, and with this washer the
percussion cap or detonating material is combined, the washer and cap
being secured in position by folding over the end of the cloth cover,
which is cut or slit at the end for this purpose, and a disc of cloth is
fixed over the folded end of the cover to finish the cartridge.
IMPROVEMENTS IN COMPOSING AND DISTRIBUTING TYPE, AND IN TYPE AND OTHER APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Henry Gardner at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
21st September 1871.-A communication from abroad by Victor
Eugene Mauger, of Reade Street, New York, in the United States
of America.
I, CHARLES HENRY GARDNER, of West Harding Street, Fetter Lane,
in the City of London, Printing Machine Manufacturer, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN COMPOSING
AND DISTRIBUTING TYPE, AND IN TYPE AND OTHER APPARATUS EMPLOYED
THEREIN," communicated to me from abroad by Victor Eugene Mauger,
of Reade Street, New York, in the United States of America, to be
as follows:-
.
The attractive force of electro-magnetism is used according to this
Invention for composing or setting and distributing type. For this
purpose a magnet can be so arranged as to draw the types in proper
order or succession from their receptacles, and convey them to grippers
or equivalent contrivances which will take and retain them and place

page_text: them into a
"forme." Or the bottom of the forme" may be made
magnetic to draw the types from conveying tubes and hold them
properly upright.
In order to make the Invention practically useful the type is so made
as to be subjected to electro-magnetic influence, for which purpose a 5
wire or piece of iron, steel, or equivalent material is inserted in the base
of the type. The magnet. will thereby be enabled to attract and hold
such type.
Magnetic or electro-magnetic types, or types which can be magnetized
may also be used to be readily retained in the galleys and formes, even 1
without connection with the setting or composing machine or the
distributing machine.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SPECTACLES OR EYE-GLASSES
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Haseltine at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 22nd
February 1871.-A communication from abroad by William
Augustus Leggo, of Montreal, Canada, Gentleman.
I, GEORGE HASELTINE, of the "International Patent Office" South-
ampton Buildings, London, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN SPECTACLES OR EYE-GLASSES," a communi-
cation, to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to improvements in spectacles and reading
glasses by which they are rendered non-fatiguing to the eyes, and
otherwise better adapted to general use.
The said Invention consists in providing spectacles or eye-glasses of
the ordinary construction with a shade, or opaque or coloured screen,
or varnish, or the lenses may be partly coloured or stained as herein-
after described, for the purpose of interposing an obstruction between
the eye and such portions of the view or object as do not immediately
claim the attention of the eye, thereby easing the sight from all rays of
light except those that come directly from the object under examination,

page_text: which being freed from all foreign and disturbing rays of light is
presented to the eye beautifully clear and bright. The frame of the
spectacles may be of ordinary construction, and is provided with
supports formed in conjunction with the frame for carrying a spindle,
to this is attached a screen covering the upper part of the lens, while
its lower part may be covered by varnish; or this portion of the lens
may be stained or coloured in any suitable manner as found most
desirable, or may be left uncoloured, in which case the upper shutter or
screen would be made slightly deeper so as to cover more of the glass.
By forming the supports with an eye at the top for holding the spindle,
it may be partially rotated by any suitable handle, and the screens
raised. The screens may extend above the spindle or not as found most
desirable for the purpose of more completely obstructing any rays of
light coming to the eye from above, and in this manner the only rays
coming to the eye pass through the centre of the lens.
In a modification of this Invention as applied to an ordinary pair
of spectacles, the frame holding suitable lenses in the ordinary way is
provided with screens of suitable form having a slot in cach to look
through this screen is secured to the glass by having a piece extending
down the other side of the lens, and a screw for securing it, or there
may be a spring for retaining it in place without the screw, thus the
screens may be put on or off at pleasure.
In a second modification the upper and lower parts of the lens are
stained or varnished with any dark colour or otherwise as desired to
answer the purpose of the shade above described, while the centre part
may be left plain glass.
In a third modification the screens may be constructed without the
spring or screw, and may be attached to the frame in any desired
manner or made in one with it, dispensing with the lens altogether if so
required.
IMPROVEMENTS IN TRAMWAY CARS AND OTHER OMNIBUSES
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Thomas at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 5th
August 1871.
I, WILLIAM THOMAS, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster,
Carriage Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said In-
vention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN TRAMWAY CARS AND OTHER OMNIBUSES," to be
as follows:-
2. The object of my Invention is to provide omnibuses possessing the
advantages of lightness, rigidity, and durability.
3. For this purpose I construct the frame of the body of angle, tee,
tubular, or corrugated iron or steel so disposed and connected that the
said frame shall provide ample strength for the weight to be carried
without support from the covering.
4. Each main side framing consists of two bows or arches, one of
them being inverted, connected where they cross cach other, and also
connected to lower longitudinal frames. The longitudinal frames,

page_text: which are connected by transverse or diagonal ties, are connected to
vertical stanchions. Each pair of these stanchions terminate in an
arch. A longitudinal upper frame connects the arches at the crowns,
such upper frame being connected by transverse, diagonal, or other top
frames.
AN IMPROVED BUCKLE OR FASTENER FOR HARNESS, PORTMANTEAU, AND OTHER STRAPS, CHAINS, AND OTHER LIKE ARTICLES OR PURPOSES; ALSO APPLICABLE TO THE HARNESSING OF HORSES TO SHAFTS AND POLES OF VEHICLES
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Julius Hall at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 16th
November 1871.
I, JULIUS HALL, of 123, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex,
Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"AN IMPROVED BUCKLE OR FASTENER FOR HARNESS, PORTMANTEAU, AND OTHER
STRAPS, CHAINS, AND OTHER LIKE ARTICLES OR PURPOSES; ALSO APPLICABLE TO THE
HARNESSING OF HORSES TO SHAFTS AND POLES OF VEHICLES," to be as
follows:-
This Invention relates to improved means and apparatus for buckling
or fastening harness, portmanteau, and other straps, chains, and other
similar articles; also applicable to the harnessing or coupling of horses
to shafts and poles of vehicles.
On a plate of iron, brass, or other metal of the required shape and size
I form two ends or sides at right angles to the said plate, the top end of
one containing a spring catch, the other hingeing on to a lid or clasp

page_text: which shuts down and fastens into the catch on the other end or side.
Midway between the two ends is a metal pin, preferably of steel, which is
riveted or connected to and so as to turn freely in the bottom plate.
On a level with the two ends or sides of the buckle or fastener this
pin is swivel jointed to a taper pin of steel or other metal, which when
bent down takes into a notch underneath the hinge on the side or end of
the fastener.
When the strap or other article is required to be fastened or secured
the top portion of the central pin is held upright and passed through the
usual hole in the strap, which latter is doubly secured in the buckle or
fastener by the top joint of the pin being bent down into the notch
aforesaid, and by the lid or clasp being shut and fastened by the spring
catch. The under side of the lid or clasp is cut out to allow of the top
joint of the central pin fitting closely into it, and being pressed down
tightly on to the strap or other article when the fastener is closed.
When required as a harness or strap buckle the fastener has a small
link or bar on one side for one end of the harness or strap to be sewn
on to.
When used for harnessing or coupling horses to vehicles, holes are
made in the bottom plate to allow of screws securing the fastener to the
shaft or pole.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR DISINTEGRATING BONES, GRAIN, BARE, NUTS, ORES, AND OTHER SIMILAR MATERIALS
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Hayton Greenhill at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
19th October 1871.
I, JOHN HAYTON GELENHILL, of Beïíust, in the County of Antrim, in
Ireland, Miller, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR DISINTEGRATING BONES, GRAIN, BARE, NUTS,
ORES, AND OTHER SIMILAR MATERIALS," to be as follows:-
The said machinery consists of two circular discs or wheels placed in
contiguity to each other and having their centres in the same axial line.
These discs are caused to rotate in opposite directions, and each of them
is furnished with a number of spokes or blades radiating from them, each
spoke or blade being so fixed that its face forms an angle with the plane of
the disc to which it is attached. The discs or wheels with the spokes or
blades are enclosed in a case from a side of which the material to be dis-
integrated is introduced near the centre of the discs or wheels. The
inside of each side of the case is fluted or formed with a series of ridges
radiating from the axial line of the discs or wheels, and the inside of the
rim of the case is fluted or ridged transversely. A grating or screw is
inserted in one or more portions of the rim of the case for the purpose

page_text: of allowing the material when sufficiently disintegrated to pass out.
The disintegration is effected by the concussion of the particles of the
material to be operated upon, which are violently projected from the
oblique faces of the spokes or blades upon one disc, so as to strike cach
other, and also the approaching spokes or blades of the other disc and 5
the fluted or ridged sides and rim of the case.
Improvements IN 'SPARS AND GEAR' FOR YACHTS AND OTHER VESSELS
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Edward Hansen at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
8th February 1871.
I, GEORGE EDWARD HANSEN, of West Cowes, in the Isle of Wight,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for “Improvements
IN 'SPARS AND GEAR' FOR YACHTS AND OTHER VESSELS," to be as follows:-
The improvements comprise the constructing the gaffs and booms of
vessels with an attachment or connection to their forks or jaws per-
mitting a turning or rotative movement of the gaff or boom in the
direction of its longitudinal axis beyond the extent limited or permitted
by the clip or fitting of the forks or jaws against the mast. It is con-
templated hereby to reduce or lessen the inconvenient chafing action of
the forks or jaws against the mast and the consequent clatter or noise
usually occurring when a vessel lies becalmed or is tacking or is subject
to changes in the direction or force of the wind, and at the same time to
reduce very considerably the strain on the jaws of the gaff or boom.
The jaws may be made of metal or wood and in one or more pieces, and
with or without any ordinary or other tumbler or pivoted rubbing piece
or self-adapting slide for sliding against the mast. And it is proposed

page_text: and intended to provide them with rings or sockets, and to provide the
inner ends of the gaffs and booms with metal fittings or otherwise to
adapt them to fit into and turn within the rings or sockets. And to
construct the parts or some of them so as to be removeable that they
may be separated and readily replaced by other (store) parts in the event.
of breakage or accident.
And the Invention includes further improvements in gear for yachts
and other vessels to be used in combination with the above-mentioned
improvements in "spars and gear" or separately therefrom for the
in“
purpose of reducing or lessening the sudden shock or strain arising
from a gust or change of wind, and (if used in combination) the
consequent chafing and noise above described.
The said improvement comprises constructing the sheaves or pullies
of the blocks or tackle of yachts and vessels by which the boom is worked
or when otherwise employed with an indian-rubber or other elastic
packing or cushion between a metal or other bush and the body of
the sheave. The packing or cushion may be in the form of a ring sur-
rounding the metal or other bush or centre, and may conveniently be
itself surrounded by a metal casing or boxing to be let into and secured
centrally in the body of the sheave.
MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR LOCKING AND FOR SIGNALLING ON RAILWAYS AND TRAMWAYS
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Duxbury at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 14th
April 1871.
I, WILLIAM DUXBURY, of Hall-ith'-Wood, near Bolton, in the County
of Lancaster, Land and Mining Surveyor, do hereby declare the naturo
of the said Invention for "MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR LOCKING AND
FOR SIGNALLING ON RAILWAYS AND TRAMWAYS," to be as follows:-
The Invention consists,--1. Of a lock composed of a shaft fixed across
the rails of the railway or tramway with two collars which work into
two pedestals and two locks which are worked on the shaft with
right-and-left hand threads, and with a pulley fixed on one end of the
shaft. Another shaft is fixed on the railway or tramway at a distance
from the former one, and is worked on two pedestals with a crank in
the centre of the lines of rails, and with this crank the axle of the
A
carriages or waggons travelling upon the rails comes in contact.
pulley is also fixed on one end of this shaft as in the former one.
A wire rope runs over the last mentioned pulley, and is connected
with the pulley on the lock, and with a signal at a distance from the
lock.

page_text: 2. Of a signal consisting of two vertical and one horizontal levers
which are attached to the danger whistle of the engine, and similar
levers which are attached to a bell in the guard's van of a train. A
cranked shaft with a roller fixed on one end is placed in the centre
of the line of rails and an L crank at the other end outside the line of
rails. This shaft is placed at optional distances from the pointsman's
cabin, and is connected by a wire rope from the L crank to the ordinary
signals on the railway and to the bell in the pointsman's cabin. The
vertical levers of the engine and guard's van come in contact with the
roller as the train passes over the cranked shaft, and communicate with
the whistle on the engine and with the bell in the guard's van, and
at the same time ring the bell in the pointsman's cabin and communicate
with any other signal as may be desired. The pointsman's lever is
connected to the wire rope in communication with the L crank or shaft,
so that he can if he wishes throw the signal out of motion.
IMPROVEMENTS IM TREADLE MECHANISM FOR SEWING MACHINES
Year: 1871

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Robert Lake, of the Firm of Haseltine,
Lake, & Co., Patent Agents, Southampton Buildings, London, for
the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IM TREADLE MECHANISM FOR SEWING
MACHINES." -A communication from abroad by Leo W. Sapp, of
Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America..
Sealed the 1st December 1871, and dated the 22nd June 1871.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION filed by the said William Robert Lake
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition
and Declaration, on the 22nd June 1871, pursuant to the 9th
Section of the Patent Law Amendment Act, 1852.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL 00ME, I, WILLIAM
ROBERT LAKE, of the Firm of Haseltine, Lake, & Co., Patent Agents,
Southampton Buildings, London, send greeting.
WHEREAS I am in possession of an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN TREADLE MECHANISM FOR SEWING MACHINES," and have petitioned Her
Majesty to grant unto me, my exccutors, administrators, and assigns,

page_text: Her Royal Letters Patent for the same, and have made solemn Decla-
ration that it has been communicated to me from abroad by Leo W.
Sapp, of Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America.
•
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said William Robert Lake, do hereby
declare that the following Complete Specification, under my hand and
seal, fully describes and ascertains the nature of the said Invention, and
in what manner the same is to be performed in and by the following
statement, reference being had to the accompanying Drawing forming a
part of this Specification :―
This Invention relates to treadle mechanism in which a reciprocating
motion is given to a balanced lever by the feet of the operator, the foot
treadle, which has an alternate up-and-down motion, being pivotted at
the heel.
The object of the said Invention is the production of a treadle
movement in which none of the muscles of the legs above the knee
joints of the operator are employed, and this object is accomplished by
having the centre of motion of the treadle at the point of the heel, so
that the muscles of the knee joint only are required to operate it. By.
this arrangement the injurious effects arising from the use of the old
style of treadle upon the abdominal region in female operators is entirely
avoided, as none of the abdominal muscles are called into requisition for

page_text: WILLIAM ROBERT LAKE. (L.S.)
5 Witness,
E. C. JACKSON.