matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF HYPOSULPHITE OF SODA, SULPHITE OF SODA, AND SULPHITE OF LIME
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Calvert Clapham at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 1st July
1863.
I, ROBERT CALVERT CLAPHAM, of Walkerin, in the County of Northumber-
land, Analytical Chemist, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF HYPOSULPHITE OF SODA, SULPHITE OF
SODA, AND SULPHITE OF LIME," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in treating soda waste or other substances containing
sulphurets, and producing therefrom hyposulphite of soda, sulphite of soda,
and sulphite of lime. I proceed as follows:-I take soda waste or other
sulphurets, which may be first exposed to the air sufficiently long to be partly
oxidized, or may be used without any exposure to the atmosphere, and I treat
it with water of various degrees of heat, preferring a boiling heat, and to the
solution obtained I add sulphite of soda, and obtain, after digesting a suitable
time, hyposulphite of soda in solution, and sulphite of lime as a precipitate. I
obtain sulphite of soda by the following method:-I take soda waste or other
sulphurets which have been exposed sufficiently long to the atmosphere to be
converted or partly converted into sulphites; I digest them with a solution of
carbonate of soda, and I obtain sulphite of soda, which may be applied as
above, or crystallized and used for commercial purposes.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR EN- GRAVING BY MEANS OF ELECTRICITY
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Michel Jourdin at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 6th March
1863.
I, MICHEL JOURDIN, of the City of Manchester, Chemist, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR EN-
GRAVING BY MEANS OF ELECTRICITY," to be as follows:-
The pattern intended to be reproduced is first engraved by hand or by any
other process at least four times larger than the engraved plate required. This
pattern plate is filled up with an insulating material, and it is adjusted on a
frame connected with the machine. In front of this plate thus prepared and
adjusted to the frame is placed a small metallic point, made slightly to press
upon it and in communication with one of the poles of an electric battery..
On another frame is adjusted the metallic plate or any other object to be en-
graved, such as watch cases, dials, jewellery, or other articles. In front of this.
is placed a small graver pressing on the article to be engraved, or being pulled
from it through the medium of an electro-magnet. Both of these frames are
always turning during the operation, but the metallic point in front of the
pattern frame, and the graver in front of the other frame, are both susceptible
of moving in a longitudinal direction, but do not advance with the same speed,
their speed depending on the relation between the size of the pattern plate and
the plate to be engraved; this motion is obtained by the use of two wheels.
placed the one with the slide supporting the point in front of the pattern, the
other with the slide supporting the reproducing graver.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN TWYERS OR BLAST PIPES, AND IN APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Edward Gedge at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
27th April 1868.-A communication from abroad by Jean Baptiste
Monsallić, of Paris, France.
I, WILLIAM EDWARD GEDGE, of the Firm of John Gedge and Son, of
No. 11, Wellington Street, Strand, in the County of Middlesex, Patent
Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN TWYERS OR BLAST PIPES, AND IN APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH,"
communication to me from abroad by Jean Baptiste Monsallié, of Paris,
France, to be as follows:-
The twyer or blast pipe of this Invention is provided with a regulator for
the escape of the wind and a balance compass for opening the outlet pipes
without disturbing the symmetry of the fire. This compass or double lever
may be applied vertically on the side of the furnace or horizontally on its face,
and this arrangement of twyer may be applied to every sort of forge. The
form and dimensions of the twyer through which the wind is brought may
vary with the description of forge. The moderator or regulator with which it is
provided consists of a moveable washer, which, on the handle of the moderator
being pulled, partially or entirely closes the pipe at will. A revolving door
for delivery of coal, and a lubricating or grease pipe, also forms part of this
apparatus. In the thickness of the twyer cap (which is then of semi-spherical
shape) may be made an excavation into which water will be brought by a
pipe connected with the lower ring of the twyer. The effect of this water is

page_text: to obviate the action of the fire, that is to say, that keeping the cap constantly
at a moderate temperature the deterioration which results from caloric at a
high degree need no longer be apprehended. The conical form of the orifices
and the other arrangements are preserved in this cap.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN BEARINGS FOR AXLES FOR RAILWAY OR OTHER CARRIAGES
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Gidlow at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 12th October
1863.
I, THOMAS GIDLOW, of Heaton, in the County of Lancaster, Coal Proprietor,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS
IN BEARINGS FOR AXLES FOR RAILWAY OR OTHER CARRIAGES," to be as follows:-
My Invention is designed to diminish the friction existing between the
axles and the bearings in which they rotate, and the improvements consist in
the novel arrangement and construction of such. The improved bearing
consists in an outer case or means of enclosure, at each side of which is applied
a metallic bar or support which carries or supports a fixed shaft, upon which
rotates a roller of large diameter, and about the width of the bearing surface-
of the axle. The exterior case is open at the lower part to admit the axle,
and is furnished with side pieces to retain the axle directly under the vertical
centre of the roller which is in contact with the axle and forms its bearing.
By means of this arrangement, and the diameter of the roller being about
twice the diameter of the axle, a bearing is obtained by which the friction is
considerably diminished, which is especially evident when the wheels are
passing round curves.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF BLAST CYLINDERS, AND ALSO IN THE FORM AND METHOD OF WORKING THE VALVES OF THE SAME
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Henry Gray at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 19th November
1863.
I, WILLIAM HENRY GRAY, of St. Austell's, in the County of Cornwall,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF BLAST CYLINDERS, AND ALSO IN THE FORM AND
METHOD OF WORKING THE VALVES OF THE SAME," to be as follows:-
My Invention has for its object to obtain a larger inlet and outlet for the
air, whilst at the same time I obviate the use of the valves now usually
employed. To effect this I form or cast round the circumference of the
blowing or blast cylinder a series of ports or apertures, these ports being
placed at or near the extremity of each end of the cylinder. Two rings
corresponding with, or of greater depth than the length of the ports, and of
the same diameter as the cylinder, work over them, alternately opening and
closing the ports by means of a rod passing out through the cylinder cover or
bottom, and connected with excentrics or cams and levers, or any other
suitable mechanical appliances driven from the main shaft, or otherwise, as
most convenient. The cylinder is also furnished with a port or outlet at
each end for the emission of the air forced out by the action of the piston.
These ports are connected together by means of a passage or chamber in the
usual way. The action is as follows:-On the descent of the piston the ports
at the lower end of the cylinder are closed by the ring valve, which at the

page_text: same time opens the lower outlet port for the emission of the air, the same
movement opening the ports and closing the outlet at the upper end of the
cylinder. On the ascent of the piston the ports will be opened, and the outlet
shut off at the lower end of the cylinder, at the same time closing the upper
ports and opening the corresponding outlet for the emission of the air.
INPROVE- MENTS IN THE TREATMENT AND PREPARATION OF MATERIALS FOR THE MANUFAċture OF PAPER
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Martin at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 3rd July
1863.
I,. CHARLES MARTIN, of Brentford, in the County of Middlesex, Civil
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "INPROVE-
MENTS IN THE TREATMENT AND PREPARATION OF MATERIALS FOR THE MANUFAċture
OF PAPER," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists of certain processes whereby the separation of the
vegetable, from the animal fibre or substance in mixed fabrics is effected, the
vegetable fibre being left uninjured and ready for the paper-maker; while
the residuum or animal portion of the fabric is collected separately, and. is
applicable as manure. The rags of the mixed fabrics having been cut into
pieces of a convenient size are boiled with a sufficient quantity of water, to
which is added a proportion of lime previously reduced to a creamy con-
sistency. The proportion of lime which I at present prefer being about
10 pounds to every 112 pounds of rags. The animal fibre having been thus
dissolved, is removed by submitting the rags to a system of washing by means
of suitable mechanism, such as fulling stocks, or other analogous apparatus.
The rags are returned to the boiler, lime and a suitable alkali being added to
the water contained therein in the proportion of about 6 pounds of lime and
10 pounds of alkali to every 112 pounds of rags, and having been again boiled
are subjected to a second operation of washing. The rags are then steeped in a
bath formed of a solution of chloride of lime or chloride of soda, to which a

page_text: small proportion of sulphuric acid is added. The temperature of the mixture
having been raised to the desired degree by means of artificial heat. After having
been thus steeped for a suitable length of time, the rags are removed from the
bath and submitted to the action of a current of water sufficiently to wash out
the acid which may have been absorbed. The rags are then steeped in a
finishing or sour bath. formed by adding a mixture of cream of tartar and sul-
phuric acid in the proportion of 1 part thereof to about 32 parts of water, the
mixture being raised to the requisite temperature by means of artificial heat.
The age having been removed from the last-mentioned bath are finished by
being washed in a dash wheel or by any other suitable means. The residuum
and liquid resulting from the several processes before mentioned are collected
separately for the purpose of being utilised as manure.
IMPROVEMENTS IN JACQUARD MACHINES
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert William Sievier-at-the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 18th
November 1863. A communication from abroad by Edouard Maximilien
Augustin Rigo, resident at Neuilly, near Paris, and Charles Grognet.
resident at Paris, both in the Empire of France.
I, ROBERT WILLIAM SIEVIER, of Guildford Street, Russell Square, in the
County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN JACQUARD MACHINES," a communication to me from
abroad by Edouard Maximilien Augustin Rigo, resident at Neuilly, near
Paris, and Charles Grognet, resident at Paris, both in the Empire of France,
to be as follows:-
These improvements consist in the mode adopted for making the cylinder
of the jacquard machine (which carries round the cards upon which the
pattern is pierced) to press in a gradual and soft manner upon the points of
the needles, so that a paper may be used instead of a cardboard. Many
attempts have been made to accomplish this purpose, but without useful effect,
as the hard blow given by the machine now in use causes the needles to pierce
the paper and renders such useless.
This paper is to be used either in oblong pieces, in the same manner as the
present cards are, or in one endless band of the necessary width and length to
include the whole pattern; by this means the expense of lacing the cards
together is saved.
This paper is easily creased at the proper places so as to make it work

page_text: properly round the square cylinder (so termed) in jacquard machines. In
the ordinary jacquard the cylinder at every quarter of a turn is made to strike
hard against the needles, which makes it requisite to use cardboard or thin
metal through which are punched holes to suit the pattern to be woven. In
the proposed improvements a soft blow or pressure is obtained at the last
portion of the fall of the grid or griffe by means of a bar which extends from
the front to the back part of the jacquard, and which bar carries at its end a
wedge-shaped piece, which, falling against a fixed point on an arm or pro-
jection fixed to the frame of the jacquard, draws the bar backward and with it
the batten to which is attached the cylinder. This motion brings the cylinder
gradually against the needles, producing the same effect as is now caused by
the hard blow, but by this means the pressure effected by this wedge-shaped
piece may be used on paper, upon which the pattern may be stamped or cut
out instead of using an expensive cardboard. No lacing being required on
the endless paper, much time and expense is saved.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SHAKOS, MILITARY AND OTHER HATS AND CAPS
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Melton at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 11th Novem-
ber 1863.
I, HENRY MELTON, of Regent Street, in the County of Middlesex, Hatter
to the Royal Family, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN SHAKOS, MILITARY AND OTHER HATS AND CAPS," to be as
follows:-
This Invention consists of certain improvements in the manufacture of
shakos, military hats and caps, and in hats and caps in general use.
I propose to form the body of hats and caps of horsehair, crinoline, or of
tweed and horsehair mixed, or other soft material, or flexible fabric, such as felt
or leather, instead of gossamer or the ordinary stiff materials hitherto used, my
object being to enable the hat or cap to be of a sufficiently yielding nature to
avoid injury from accidental pressure, and also to render the hat or cap more
easily adaptable to the form of the head and more comfortable to the wearer
than the unyielding rigid hat or cap body as at present manufactured. The
body may be covered with black cloth for a shako and other purposes, or
with coloured or variegated cloth or other fabrics, according to the purpose
required.
The Invention also applies to silk and beaver hats in general use.
The silk or other linings of shakos and some other descriptions of hats and
caps are to be sewn or stitched to the horsehair or other flexible body, but not
through the exterior covering of the hat or cap.
A NEW METHOD OF AND APPA- RATUS FOR CLEANSING SHIPS' BOTTOMS
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Ryder Burton at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 9th
April 1863.
I, JAMES RYDER BURTON, K. H., a Vice-Admiral in Her Majesty's Navy,
of 15, Park Square, Regent's Park, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "A NEW METHOD OF AND APPA-
RATUS FOR CLEANSING SHIPS' BOTTOMS," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object the simplifying of the process of cleansing
ships' bottoms.
By my Invention ships' bottoms can be cleansed without the necessity of
bringing such ships into dock, and may be cleaned at any time and at any
place, a few hours only being required for such purpose before the ship
proceeds to sea.
This Invention consists of a semicircular tube varying from 3 to 6 feet in
length, to be proportioned to the size of ship, and 2 to 3 in width, according
to the length of machine, i.e., the tube, the depth of this semicircular tube,
to be two feet deep and flat at the top to receive the brush, which should be
made of whalebone and fixed to a wooden frame, and which wooden frame
will be fastened on the tube by iron straps with eyes at each end to receive a
screw to fasten such straps. By this plan a fresh brush can at any time
replace the old one when worn out. The tube will require 3 handles at each
end and 6 on each side to attach ropes to work the machine.
When the ships' bottoms are very foul and require more than a brush to

page_text: remove the weeds or shells, an iron plate can be screwed on at each end of the
machine to act as a scraper to tear all obstructions away.
The power of the pressure will be in proportion to the depth or size of
the tube.
AN IMPROVED STAMP FOR MARKING POST LETTERS AND OTHER ARTICLES REQUIRING TO BE STAMPED OR MARKED IN A LIKE MANNER
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Malcom Guthrie at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 8th December
1863. Partly a communication from abroad by Edwin Guthrie, of New
York, in the United States of America.
I, MALCOM GUTHRIE, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED STAMP FOR
MARKING POST LETTERS AND OTHER ARTICLES REQUIRING TO BE STAMPED OR
MARKED IN A LIKE MANNER," to be as follows (that is to say) :-
This Invention consists of a self-inking or colouring stamp, and has for its
object the expediting and facilitating the process of marking or stamping post
letters and others articles that may require to be stamped or marked with
figures, letters, or other symbols.
A stamp constructed according to this Invention has the die or impressing
portion of it formed hollow, and the letters, figures, or other symbols are cut
through the face of the die. The interior of the die or seal portion of the
stamp is supplied internally with a thick viscid composition, which may consist
of a mixture of oil, bees' wax, and lamp black, or any or any other colouring
matter. When a limpid colouring fluid is used the interior of the stamp is
filled or partially filled with sponge or other porous substance. The face of the
die may be fitted with a moveable piece which is screwed into or through or
otherwise attached to the centre or other portion of the die, so as to be flush
with and form part of the face of the die. This moveable piece is engraved
or perforated with date number, or other mark requiring periodical or other
alteration. This self-inking stamp, when used by hand, is fitted with a

page_text: suitable handle, or it may be fitted on the lower end of a rod working in
guides to ensure a correct vertical stroke. By this arrangement all that is
required to be done in using this stamp is to place the article requiring to be
marked underneath it, and apply pressure either to the stamp or to the article
to be marked, when the desired impression is given.
IMPROVEMENTS IN VENT APPARATUS FOR FACILITATING THE DRAWING OFF OR LETTING OFF FLUIDS
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Bryant at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 20th October
1863.
I, JOHN BRYANT, of Edgeware Road, in the County of Middlesex, Engineer,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
VENT APPARATUS FOR FACILITATING THE DRAWING OFF OR LETTING OFF FLUIDS," to
be as follows:-
This Invention relates to arrangements consisting of a tube or hollow plug
to be inserted in a vent hole or orifice in a cask, barrel, vessel, pipe, or other
fluid holder, with a perforated plate across the said tube or hollow plug
dividing the said tube or hollow plug into two parts, the lower (or other) part
being open to the interior of the cask, barrel, or vessel, and the other part
forming a valve box, which has a cap screwed or otherwise secured thereto,
such valve being provided with air holes to be stopped by the valve, as here-
after described, such valve box being provided with a conical or other valve
with spindle, one end of which works through a perforation in the said per-
forated plate, and the other end through an orifice in the cap of the valve box,
a spiral or helical spring being coiled round the said spindle, and pressing the
conical or other valve so as to cause it always to close the air holes before
mentioned, but upon opening the drawing or letting-off cock or tap of the
cask, barrel, or vessel (or upon working other exit arrangements), so that the
pressure of the spring will be neutralized, and the valve will fall and open
the air holes (sufficient air passage being secured through the valve box),

page_text: when the required vent will be obtained, and liquids or fluids may be at once
withdrawn, whilst upon shutting off the cock or tap, or other arrangements,
the spring will again press the valve, so as to close the vent entirely. Although
I have herein described the arrangements of valve and valve box I now prefer
to adopt, yet my Invention is not limited to the arrangements described, but
comprehends any equivalent arrangements which will have the same effect
in action.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF AND MACHINERY FOR FORMING METAL PLATES, BARS, AND RODS TAPEE
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Dyson, Joseph Dyson, and
George Walter Dyson at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 7th November 1863.
We, JOHN DYSON, JOSEPH DYSON, and GEORGE WALTER DYSON, all of
Tinsley, in the County of York, Ironfounders, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF AND MACHINERY
FOR FORMING METAL PLATES, BARS, AND RODS TAPEE," to be as follows:--
Our Invention consists in forming flat plates and bars taper on one or both
edges or sides, and in forming circular rods taper either from end to end or
for a portion of their length only, by placing the metal while hot in a swage
having a channel or groove made in it corresponding to the taper to be given
to one side or edge of the plate. When both sides of the plate or bar are to
be tapered, or when a circular rod has to be tapered, then two such swages
are used, one over the other, the bar, plate, or rod being inserted in the
groove or channel in each of the swages. The swage or swages, as the
case may be, are then passed between rolls until the plate, bar, or rod is
finished.
Our Invention also consists in cutting plates or rods taper by fixing them,
while hot, at angles, according to the taper required, on a slide or guide, which
runs between revolving cutters so arranged as only to cut the plate or rod
about two-thirds through the thickness; the severance is completed by breaking
when the plate or rod is cold.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MEANS OF AND INSTRU- MENTS FOR ATTACHING TAGS OR LABELS TO BALES OR PACKAGES OF MERCHANDIZE
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Edward Newton at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 20th
November 1863.-A communication from abroad by Porter Fitch, of
Brooklyn, in the State of New York, United States of America.
I, WILLIAM EDWARD NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery
Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MEANS OF AND INSTRU-
MENTS FOR ATTACHING TAGS OR LABELS TO BALES OR PACKAGES OF MERCHANDIZE,"
to be as follows:-
This Invention consists, firstly, in the employment for attaching tags or
labels to bales or packages of cotton, wool, or other merchandize, of an anchor
or blade of metal or other suitable material having a point which enables it to
penetrate the fibrous material easily; or the attachment may be so formed as
to enable it to enter and be buried entirely within a bale or package. This
object will be attained by providing the attachment with one or more barbs or
reversed points of similar character to those of a dart or spear head, so as to
prevent its retraction from the bale or package, such anchor or blade to have
the tag or label attached by one or more wires or chains before its intro-
duction into the bale or package.
The Invention consists, secondly, in instruments so constructed as to permit
the temporary attachment of the aforesaid anchor or blade, and to form a
stock or holder by which to hold it and insert it into the bale or package.
These instruments may be of two kinds, viz., one kind serving merely to hold
the anchor or blade, and apply to it the necessary force to enable it to force

page_text: its own way into the bale or package, and the other kind forming a sheath to
the said anchor or blade, and being formed to cut or force a way into the bale
or package for the reception of the said anchor or blade. The first mentioned
of these instruments is detached from the anchor or blade by being merely
drawn directly out of the bale or package, but the other one is detached by
means of a slide working through it, and acting to push out the anchor or
blade, and is then drawn out from the bale or package.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR DISTRIBUTING MANURE
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Heard at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 30th May
1863.
I, JOHN HEARD, of Crediton, in the County of Devon, Engineer, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS
FOR DISTRIBUTING MANURE," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists of an arrangement of broad east manure distributor
mounted upon running or travelling wheels in the usual manner, but provided
with two rollers extending the entire width of the implement. These rollers
are studded with teeth or short projections, and are situate side by side, and
are driven by suitable gearing. The one serves as a dipper to deposit the
manure, whilst the other acts as a cleaner when damp manure is employed.
It is also provided with two shakers for the purpose of preventing the choking
of the manure in its passage from the top to the under box.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF LEADEN PIPES
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Edward Newton at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
19th June 1863.-A communication from abroad by Augustin Henri
Hamon, of Paris, in the Empire of France.
I, WILLIAM EDWARD NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery Lane,
in the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF LEADEN PIPES,"
to be as follows:-
This Invention of "Improvements in the Manufacture of Leaden Pipes,
consists in lining the pipes with tin or other suitable metal or alloy which is
not liable to be affected by any liquids that may be conveyed through the
pipe, and which is not, therefore, likely to be injurious to health. In carrying
out the Invention the leaden pipe is heated, and a metal core is inserted
therein in such a manner as to leave an annular space all round between the
core and the leaden tube. This space is filled up with molten tin, which
firmly adheres to the lead. The pipe may then be drawn down in the
ordinary way, and a leaden pipe with a tin lining will be produced.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN CUTTING OR PRODUCING SCREWS OR THREADS, AND IN APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Wood, at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 14th February
1863.
I, WILLIAM WOOD, of Ashton-under-Lyne, in the County of Lancaster,
Manager, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "CERTAIN
IMPROVEMENTS IN CUTTING OR PRODUCING SCREWS OR THREADS, AND IN APPARATUS
CONNECTED THEREWITH," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to the cutting or formation of such screws, worms, or
similar helical threads as are termed "male" or external screws, the apparatus
consisting of a novel arrangement and improvement upon the well-known
"stocks and dies" which is designed to render one "stock" available for three
or more "dies." The improvements consist in the employment and use of two
equilateral triangles or two four-sided pieces of metal, each side of which is to
contain one-half of the screwing "die," so that when two corresponding sides
are brought together, the "die" will be formed at the middle or division when
the two pieces come in contact, the triangular pieces being secured to a back
plate by a central screw through each.
A second part of the Invention consists in a novel arrangement of apparatus
for tightening and adjusting the "dies" as now employed in ordinary "stocks
and dies," and which is also applicable to the adjustment of the before-men-
tioned four-sided pieces. At the end of the opening in the stock wherein the
"dies" fit a narrow slot is formed to receive a moveable nut, within which a

page_text: screw works, terminating in a head which abuts against the back of the sliding
"die," so that by turning the screw out of the nut, pressure is exerted on the
'die," the nut and screw being readily displaced for the ready substitution of
another die.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF VENTS FOR CASKS AND OTHER VESSELS
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Doyne Dwyer at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 18th July
1863.
I, ROBERT DOYNE DWYER, of Warrington, in the County of Lancaster,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF VENTS FOR CASKS AND OTHER VESSELS," to be as
follows:-
This Invention, which is mainly applicable to vessels containing fermented
liquors, consists in the use or employment of a liquid division or medium
between the air surrounding a vessel and the liquid or liquids and gas con-
tained in it, and through which said liquid medium the necessary supply, and
no more, of air is admitted to allow the liquor in the vessel to be drawn of,
and through which said medium any internal pressure is relieved. Thus,
when the difference between the pressure outside or inside a vessel is greater
than the weight of the column of liquid medium contained in the vent plug,
such pressure will be equalized without attention by expulsion or admission
of gas or air through the liquid medium, and it is only when a difference in
pressure takes place that communication is permitted.
The self-acting vent plug can most conveniently be formed or manufactured
in metal by having three cylinders or tubes of different sizes placed concen-
trically and at a distance from each other. The outer one has holes all round
its circumference near the top, has a flat closed top and a flat bottom, through
which is made to project the end of the inner tube, which fits into the cask.

page_text: This inner tube passes upwards and is joined to the outer cover, but it has a
number of small holes therein at about the same height as those in the outer
cylinder. The intermediate cylinder or tube is also secured to the top cover,
but it does not reach to the bottom. The liquid, as the medium or seal, is
contained between the outer and inner cylinders or tubes and surrounds the
intermediate one on both sides, thus rendering it necessary that the ingress or
egress of the air or gas to or from the vessel should take a course in the form
of an U through the medium or seal, the liquid being best supplied by placing
the vent in water prior to fixing it into or attaching it to the vessel.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FUEL AND CEMENT
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Lark at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 13th April
1869.
I, JAMES LARK, of White Lion Wharf, Bankside, Southwark, in the County
of Surrey, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FUEL AND CEMENT," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in the manufacture of
artificial fuel and cement.
In order to produce artificial fuel I take limestones, chalk, cement stones,
gypsum, slate, or other stone which become porous when calcined, or
clay may be employed, and having calcined the same I boil or mix the
material, which should then be in lumps of suitable size for fuel, with gas tar,
pitch, bitumen or bituminous matter, in this manner the lumps are thoroughly
saturated with the material, which is kept liquid by sufficient heat. I also
sometimes employ a small quantity of paraffine, naphtha, resinous and fatty
and oily matters to increase the inflammability of the fuel. After fuel, thus
prepared, is burnt, the residue when ground makes a good cement similar to
Roman cement.
IMPROVEMENTS IN FINISHING WOOLLEN FABRICS MADE ON TWIST LACE MACHINERY
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edmund Pratt at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 3rd October
1863.
I, EDMUND PRATT, of the Firm of Messieurs Pratt, Hurst, and Minnitt,
of the Town and County of the Town of Nottingham, Lace Manufacturers,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
FINISHING WOOLLEN FABRICS MADE ON TWIST LACE MACHINERY," to be as
follows:-
My Invention relates to improvements in finishing woollen fabrics made on
twist lace machines, and consists in the application thereto of the scouring,
milling, and brushing process, by which means an improved appearance is
imparted to the lace or other fabric thus treated.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE APPLICATION OF WHEELS TO RAILWAY CARRIAGES
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Hudson Smithett at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 14th
October 1863.
1, RICHARD HUDSON SMITHETT, of King's Bench Walk, Temple, in the
City of London, and of Wadham College, Oxford, Student-at-Law, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE APPLICATION
OF WHEELS TO RAILWAY CARRIAGES," to be as follows:―
My improvements in the application of wheels to railway carriages consist
in the application of a third pair of wheels to four-wheeled carriages, but
which wheels are not intended to be running wheels, or afford any support to
the carriage, except in cases of accident or derangement of some of the four
ordinary running and supporting wheels; with this object I make the
additional wheels of smaller diameter and of a narrower guage than the ordinary
wheels, so that they will not touch the rails by about an inch, more or less, while
the carriage is travelling on a line of railway. In case of breaking or other
accident to either of the other wheels these additional wheels will immediately
come down on the rails and support the carriage and prevent further accident
occurring. In case of the leading wheels getting off the line these additional
wheels will come down on the rails and tend to keep the carriage on the line.
The additional wheels, instead of being smaller, may be of same size as the
other wheels, and have their axles at a higher elevation. The guage of
the flanges of the additional wheels is less than that of the running wheels just
sufficient to prevent them touching the rails, although the outside width may

page_text: be equal to that of the running wheels. In the same sense these extra wheels
are mounted a little higher in the frame than the running wheels and just so
as not to touch the rails, the coming down thereon resulting from the drop of
the carriage consequent on a pair of the ordinary running wheels leaving the
rails.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN TREATING ROCK OIL, PETROLEUM, PARAPPINE OIL, COAL OIL, AND PARAFFINE AND OTHER LIKE MINERAL OILS AND PRODUCTS THEREFROM
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Elijah Freeman. Prentiss and John
Corrington Sellars at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 28th January 1863.
We, ELIJAH FREEMAN PRENTISS, of Birkenhead, in the County of Chester,
Manufacturing Chemist, and JOHN CARRINGTON SELLARS, of the said Place,
Chemist, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN TREATING ROCK OIL, PETROLEUM, PARAPPINE OIL, COAL OIL, AND
PARAFFINE AND OTHER LIKE MINERAL OILS AND PRODUCTS THEREFROM," to be as
follows (that is to say):-
This Invention has for its object an improved system of treating petroleum
or rock oil, coal oil, paraffine, and other like mineral oils, and the products
therefrom, and consists in combining them with resin, resinous or other gums,
and tallow, and other fatty matter, to improve the quality of these substances
to better adapt them for burning, lubricating, detergent, and other purposes.
When required for detergent purposes, it is preferred to saponify the
compounds by the addition of any of the alkaline substances used for that
purpose.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF COCKS OR VALVES
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Burrell, at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 14th May 1863.
I, JAMES BURRELL, of No. 85, Back Church Lane, Whitechapel, in the
County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF COCKS OR VALVES," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in the construction of cocks
or valves. In constructing cocks or valves a conical shell is employed, which
at its larger end is made to adapt to the supply pipe or nozzle, and in the
side of the shell is the outlet orifice for the passage (or passages) for the fluid
to pass away from the cock or valve. Within the shell is a hollow plug
turned and ground to fit it truly; this plug is open at its larger end for the
fluid from the supply to enter it; at its smaller end it is closed, and this end
projects out at the extremity of the shell and receives a handle by which the
plug may be turned, and by turning it an opening in the side of the plug can
be brought to correspond with the outlet passage in the shell. It will be seen
that in this arrangement the pressure of the fluid in the supply pipe or vessel.
tends to press the plug into its seat in the shell and to keep it tight.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PUMPS TO BE WORKED BY STEAM
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Archibald Brooman at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
16th October 1863.-A communication from abroad by Guillaume
Samuel Dobbs, residing in Vienna, Austria.
I, RICHARD ARCHIBALD BROOMAN, of 166, Fleet Street, in the City of
London, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN PUMPS TO BE WORKED BY STEAM," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in constructing pumps of a vessel divided by a
flexible diaphragm, and, as hereafter described, on each side of the vessel
separated by the diaphragm is an opening, one for the admission and exit of
the fluid to be pumped, the other for the inlet and outlet of the steam. The
steam is admitted and its flow governed by a rotary slide. The action of the
pump is as follows:-Steam is admitted behind the diaphragm and forces it
in contact with the further side of the vessel, the slide then allows of the
discharge and condensation of the steam, and the diaphragm is drawn back
towards that side of the vessel opposite to which it had been driven; the
vacuum thus produced behind the diaphragm causes the inflow of the fluid
into the vessel at the back of the diaphragm. Inlet and
fitted to the pipe for the admission and exit of the fluid.
again admitted in front of the diaphragm the fluid will be
behind it, and so on. The diaphragm constitutes a kind of piston, and the
greater the non-conducting powers of the material of which it is composed less
will be the condensation in the pump itself, and hence greater economy.
outlet valves are
On steam being
driven out from
IMPROVED ATMOSPHERIC ENGINE APPLICABLE TO PURPOSES TO WHICH STEAM, HORSE, WIND, AND WATER POWER IS EMPLOYED
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Nicholas Philip Comins Lloyd
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 21st April 1868.
I, NICHOLAS PHILIP COMING LLOYD, residing at No. 10, Providence Row,
Finsbury, London, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for an
"IMPROVED ATMOSPHERIC ENGINE APPLICABLE TO PURPOSES TO WHICH STEAM, HORSE,
WIND, AND WATER POWER IS EMPLOYED," to be as follows:-
That he apprehends he can obtain his object by means of one tube expanded
cach way towards its middle in the form of two similar conically shaped por-
tions connected by flanges at their circumferences, and contained within a
cubic or cylindrically shaped metallic air-tight chamber provided with a stop-
cock through which the air in the chamber should by means of an air pump
be extracted; that the portions of the tube projecting without the ends of the
chamber through air-tight apertures should each be provided with a stop-cock,
each of which being alternately opened during its progress by a fixture con-
nected with each end of the chamber, while the other is by similar means
shut, will, memorialist apprehends, by the pressure of the atmosphere effect
alternate motions of the tube within and without the chamber; that the tube
being connected with the wheel of the engine or other machinery by means
similar to those by which steam engines are connected with the wheels of
engines or other machinery, continuous motion will thereby be effected.
IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM ENGINES
Year: 1863

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Henri Adrien Bonneville, Patent Agent, of the
British and Foreign Patent Offices, 24, Rue du Mont Thabor, Paris,.in
the Empire of France, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM
ENGINES." A communication from Auguste Ghilain and Edouard
Poncelet, residing at Liege, in the Kingdom of Belgium.
Sealed the 8th December 1868, and dated the 4th July 1863.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Henri Adrien Bonneville
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
4th July 1868.
I, HENRI ADRIEN BONNEVILLE, Patent Agent, of the British and Foreign
Patent Offices, 24, Rue du Mont Thabor, Paris, in the Empire of France, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM
ENGINES," a communication from Auguste Ghilain and Edouard Poncelet,
persons resident at Liege, in the Kingdom of Belgium, to be as follows, that
is to say:
These improvements consist in the suppression of the cylinder, and in
consequence of the rods, the beam, the connecting rods, and the crank
employed with it in the construction of steam engines, and in the disposition
of the spokes of the fly wheel so as to cause the pistons to work in their

page_text: interior, as represented in. the annexed Drawing of the fly wheel in an upright
position. For this purpose the steam passes directly from the generators
under the pistons A, A, which work in the interior of the spokes B of the fly
wheel, passing through the steam pipe C in its arbor, the chamber D, the
passages E, E, and the valves F, F, and escapes by the chamber G. and the
tube H at the other extremity of the arbor of the fly wheel. The pistons of
the two opposite spokes are joined by a rod J, arranged so that when the
piston of one spoke is forced by the "steam towards the circumference of the
fly wheel, the piston of the opposite spoke is, on the contrary, drawn towards
the centre, and vice versa. The movement of each piston takes place at the
moment that one of the spokes attains a vertical position above the arbor of
the fly wheel, and thus the weight of each of the pistons in this position gives
a rotary movement to the fly wheel.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PURIFICATION AND DISINFECTION OF HYDRO- CARBURETS, AND ESPECIALLY OF OILS PRODUCED BY THE DISTILLATION OF COAL, SCHIST, AND BOGHEAD
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Clark at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 10th September
1868. A communication from abroad by Jean Eugène D'Arcet, Manu-
facturer, of 29, Boulevart St. Martin, Paris."
I, WILLIAM CLARK, of 53, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex,
Engineer and Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PURIFICATION AND DISINFECTION OF HYDRO-
CARBURETS, AND ESPECIALLY OF OILS PRODUCED BY THE DISTILLATION OF COAL, SCHIST,
AND BOGHEAD," to be as follows:-
It is well known that oils of coal, schist, and boghead, and generally known
in commerce under the name of schist oils, used for lighting purposes exhale
an excessively disagreeable odour, and many methods have been tried to
disinfect said oils, but without success.
According to this Invention I take the oils as ready for use, that is, after
they have been subjected to the usual chemical treatment with acids and
alkalies, being afterwards washed and rectified; I then mix sulphuric acid
with the oil, and agitate it until the tar which forms removes the coloring
matters and essential oils to which the odour of said oils of coal, schist, or
boghead is to be attributed. After the acid has sufficiently acted, the oil is
washed in pure water containing a little alkali of any suitable nature. This
treatment should be repeated several times, according to the nature and
strength of the oil to be disinfected. Lastly, the excess of acid contained in
the liquor is saturated by washing in a caustic alkali diluted in water. By
this means 1 not only bleach these oils, but their white colour will be

page_text: preserved unaffected by the action of the air or light, which is very difficult
of attainment, especially in the manufacture of oil from boghead; also by
this process of disinfection it will be unnecessary to redistil the oils, although
their lighting power remains the same.
The duration of the agitating process, and the amount and strength of the
acid employed, as also the temperature at which to operate, and time for the
oil to rest before extracting the tar all vary according to the nature of
the matters, the purity of the oils, and principally according to the degree
of persistence with which they retain the bad smell which distinguishes them.
The majority of vegetable and mineral acids produce the same effect on the
oils as sulphuric acid, I, however, prefer to employ the latter on account of its
cheapness; mixtures of vegetable or mineral acids and alcohol may also be
used for the same purpose, without, however producing more satisfactory
results.