Improvements in or relating to Pneumatic Tyres.
Year: 1894

page_text: Date of Application, 29th May. 1894
Complete Specification Left, 29th Mar., 1895-Accepted, 4th May, 1895
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in or relating to Pneumatic Tyres.
We, PHI IP LOUIS RENOUF, of 26 York Road, Edgbaston, Birmingham in
the County of Warwick Engineer, and LEWIS STROUD of 57 Cheapside in the
County of London, Solicitor, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be
as follows:-
This invention relates to pneumatic tyres for cycle and other wheels which said
tyres may consist of a tube or tubes capable of containing air (compressed or other-
wise). We may employ a separate air chamber and a restraining cover or jacket
which may be detachable or not. We prefer sometimes to use a single tube
without a cover but so arranged that access to the interior can readily be obtained.
Where we dispense with a separate detachable air chamber the jacket which has to
confine the sectional diameter of the tyre to its normal size is proofed on its inner
side, but the inner side may in process of manufacture be an outer side turned
inwards so as to put the proofing layer of rubber in compression. Sometimes both
the outer, or protecting layer and the inner, or air-proofing layer are made out of
the same strip or tube of rubber.
We may use a flat strip of rubber or other suitable material for the purpose of
forming a tube or we may split a tube-already formed-longitudinally. In either case
the edges of the tube may be provided with enlargements or beads and we prefer that
the edges should overlap and sometimes interlock. The edges may be pressed together
tightly by a band metallic or otherwise and the joint rendered air-tight by the
assistance of a layer of rubber or other suitable material or substance either fixed
to one or both edges of the tube or separate from them and either vulcanized and
soft or merely plastic and not vulcanized. The said band may be tightened and
secured by a suitable fastening such as a cam lever latch or other suitable device
which may even lie inside the tyre in which case the fastening may be easily worked
or tightened when the tyre is deflated and released in connection with the valve.
In such case it may be advisable to coat the fastening or mechanism with rubber or
other soft material to prevent injury to the inner surface of the tyre. In most
rases the edges of the tube or tyre would consist of beads of rubber, canvas cord
leather or wire.
Sometimes the edges of the tyre instead of overlapping lie against
or on one another and may be kept locked by the band which will be covered up by
the main body of the tyre when it is inflated. In this case the fastening may be
directly accessible from the outside and in such case it may or may not be necessary
or advisable to use a layer of rubber or other suitable material or substance for the
purpose of making the joint airtight or security.
Sometimes however instead of wires or bands or any of the above mentioned
devices we use a small tube capable of retaining compressed air to form one of the
edges of the tyre or tube or both edges may be so formed or we may employ a
separate air tube or tubes. In either case such additional tube or tubes may be
inflated for the purpose of holding the tyre on to the rim or for the purpose of
forming an air-tight joint or for both such purposes. Where only one of the edges
of the tyre or tube is supplied with a tube capable of holding compressed air the
other edge may be provided with any of the above mentioned beads of rubber
canvas cord leather or wires or other suitable device or enlargement.

page_text: The tyre itself may be made of any suitable materials and in any suitable manner
but it is desirable that canvas or threads or other suitable material or means should'
be adopted to prevent it from expanding beyond a limit. Where such material or
restraining jacket is of the thread type the fabric may be made to encircle the
additional tube or tubes on the edge or edges of the tyre. Such thread fabric is
readily made by the use of a spool or bobbin holder or compound shuttle, consisting
merely of a plate adapted by means of pins studs or other devices to carry a number
of reels. The threads pass through a guide so that they lie closely together and
the holder being passed over a mandrel or pair of mandrels the fabric is produced
without the aid of elaborate machinery.
In carrying out our invention we employ any suitable form of rim preferably of
a crescent shape with rolled or rounded edges or beadings. By placing the edges
of the tyre (which may be as to either or both formed of tubes capable of retaining
compressed air as aforesaid) inside the rounded edges or beadings of the rim and
inflating the tube or tubes which form the edges of the tyre either together with or
apart from the tyre itself and either placing a layer of solt or unvulcanized rubber
or other suitable material as above mentioned between the two beads or edges of
the tyre or between either of such edges and the bead or beads of the rim or not
both edges of the tyre will be locked in position and a perfect air-tight joint may be
formed.
Where we use a rim with two or more grooves or channels we prefer to form the
same by means of a central bridge or bridges of tube wood or other suitable
material or means either fixed to or separate from the rim and to adopt the form of
tyre of which both edges are provided with beads or tubes capable of retaining
compressed air. If a strip of indiarubber be laid over such bridge or bridges and
into the grooves the inflation of the edges or beads will produce the required air-
tight joint.
Dated this 29th day of May 1894.
W. P. THOMPSON & BOULT,
Agents for the Applicants.
Improvements in or relating to Pneumatic Tyres.
We, PHILIP LOUIS RENOUF of 26 York Road, Edgbaston, Birmingham in
the County of Warwick Engineer, and LEWIS STROUD of 57 Cheapside in the
County of London, Solicitor, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in
what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement :-
This invention relates to pneumatic tyres for cycle and other wheels which said
tyres may consist of one or more tubes capable of containing air (compressed or
otherwise). We prefer to use a single tube without a cover but so arranged that
access to the interior can readily be obtained. Where we dispense with a separate
detachable air chamber the jacket which has to confine the sectional diameter of
the tyre to its normal size is proofed on its inner side, but the inner side may in
process of manufacture be an outer side which is subsequently turned inwards so as
to put the proofing layer of rubber in compression. Sometimes both the outer or
protecting layer and the inner or air-proofing layer are made out of the same strip
or tube of rubber.
In the accompanying drawings we have represented in transverse section seven
different forms of our improved tyre.
Like letters indicate like parts throughout the drawings.
In carrying our invention into practice we may use a flat strip of rubber or other

page_text: suitable material for the purpose of forming a tube or we may split a tube-already
formed-longitudinally. In either case the edges of the tube A as shown in the
drawings may be provided with enlargements or beads which may either be solid
and formed of rubber, canvas, cord, wire or equivalent, as at A' Figures 1, 2 and 3
or one enlargement A' may be solid and the other A hollow and adapted to be
inflated by air or gas as shown in Figures 4 and 5 or both of the enlargements or
beads may be hollow and capable of being inflated as shown in Figures 6 and 7.
In the pneumatic tyre shown in Figure 1 the two solid edges or beads A' of the
tube A overlap and are pressed together by a metal or other band B and the joint
between the overlapping portions of the tube A is rendered air-tight by the
assistance of a layer or strip C of rubber or other suitable material or substance
either fixed to one edge of the tube A or separate from it, and either vulcanized
and soft or merely plastic and not vulcanized. We believe the best material for
the purpose to be unvulcanized rubber such as is used for patching purposes, which
has a somewhat sticky surface but tape dipped in rubber and dried or only
slightly vulcanized, or a mere coating of rubber solution, might be used.
strips C, one to each edge of the cover, may be used, and overlapping or not, and a
third one independent of the other two, if desired. The band B may be tightened
and secured by a suitable fastening (not shown in the drawings) such as a cam,
lever latch or other device which may lie inside the tyre as in Figure 1, in which
case the fastening may be easily Icosened or tightened when the tyre is deflated.
In this case it may be advisable to coat the fastening or mechanism with rubber or
other soft material to prevent injury to the inner surface of the tyre.
Two
In most cases the edges A' of the tube or tyre A would consist of beads of
rubber, canvas, cord, leather or wire, the cord or wire D when such is used, being
conveniently embedded in the rubber as shown in Figure 4.
The edges A' of the tyre, instead of overlapping in the manner represented in
Figure 1 inay, as shown in Figure 2, lie against or on one another with a strip C of
soft rubber interposed between them, and may be kept locked by the band B which
will be covered by the main body of the tyre A when it is inflated as indicated in
dotted lines in Figure 2. In this case the fastening may be directly accessible from
the outside as will readily be understood by referring to the full line representation
of the tyre A in Figure 2.
In Figure 3 both edges A' of the tyre A are beaded and are pressed outwards
against the sides of the rim E by means of two wooden or other rings G G between
which is interposed an inflatable tube H. In this example the joint strip C extends
from between the ring G and tyre A at one side over the rings G G and tube H
to between the ring G and tyre at the other side and inay, at suitable intervals or
throughout its length, be solutioned or otherwise secured to the rings G G¹.
When it is desired to have access to the intérior of the last described tyre the
tube H is deflated so that one or both of the edges A' may readily be released.
Sometimes, for example, as shown in Figures 4 and 5, we may use a small tube A
capable of retaining compressed air to form one of the edges of the tyre or tube A.
the other edge A¹ having embedded in it a wire or equivalent D as shown in
Figure 4 or being without such wire aud solid as shown in Figure 5.
In the arrangement shown in Figure 4 the rim E is formed with a central channel
or gutter E for receiving the tubular edge A2 which, when inflated, is of larger
external diameter than the wire or equivalent ring D so that the tyre-edge A¹
cannot be moved over the edge A2 until the latter is deflated. To make a tight
joint between the overlapping portions of the tyre or tube A we employ a strip C
of soft or pure rubber as previously described, this if desired extending between the
edge A2 and rim E as shown.
In the arrangement shown in Figure 5 the tubular edge A is at the outer side of
the solid edge A' which latter may bear directly upon the rim E, a strip C of
soft or unvulcanized rubber being interposed between the two overlapping.
edges A' A2
The tyre itself may be made of any suitable materials and in any convenient

page_text: manner and with canvas or threads or other means to prevent it from expanding
beyond a limit, which may be made to encircle the additional tube or tubes on the
edge or edges A2 of the tyre.
In the carrying out of our invention we sometimes employ a rim E of ordinary
crescent shape as shown in Figures 1 and 5 and sometimes a rim of flattened or
channelled form as shown in Figures 2 and 3 and 4 respectively, both with rolled or
rounded edges or beadings E³, but we do not confine ourselves to any particular
forms of rim as the shape may be modified to suit any desired arrangement
of tyre.
By placing the edges of the tyre A (which may be as to either or both formed of
tubes capable of retaining compressed air as aforesaid) inside the rounded edges or
beadings E2 of the rim E, and inflating the tube or tubes which form the edges of
the tyre either together with or apart from the tyre itself and either placing a
layer C of soft or unvulcanized rubber or other suitable material as above mentioned
between the two beads or edges of the tyre, or between either of such edges and the
bead or beads E2 of the rim E or not, both edges of the tyre will be locked in
position and a perfect air-tight joint may be formed.
Where we use a rim E with two or more grooves E³ we may either form them
directly in the metal of the rim as shown in Figure 6 or as shown in Figure 7
partly in the rim and partly in one or more central bridges of wood or other
suitable material or means either fixed to or separate from the rim and adopt the
form of tyre of which both edges are provided with beads or tubes A² capable of
retaining compressed air. If a strip C of indiarubber be laid in the grooves E³ of
Figure 6 or over the bridge F and in the grooves E³ the inflation of the edges or
beads A will produce the required air-tight joint.
The branches for the connection of the air-pump or inflator to the tubular
edges A2 or inflatable ring G may be provided at any desired part of the tyre and
if desired the two edges A² may be in communication with each other.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed we declare that what we
claim is ;-
1. Securing a pneumatic tyre to a wheel rim by means of a tightening band
surrounding the edges of the tyre and located within the air-space thereof.
2. In a pneumatic tyre the combination with the two overlapping edges thereof
of a tightening band such as B encircling them and a joint strip such as C between
them substantially as described and illustrated in Figure 1 of the accompanying
drawings.
3. Securing a pneumatic tyre to a wheel rim by laying the two edges thereof
one upon the other and tightening them upon the rim by means of a band B
encircling both the edges and the rim outside the air space substantially as
described and illustrated in Figure 2 of the accompanying drawings.
4. The combination with means for securing a pneumatic tyre to a wheel rim
such as set forth in the last preceding claim of a joint strip arranged between the
superposed portions of the tyre for making a tight joint substantially as described.
5. Making an air-tight joint between a single tube pneumatic tyre and a wheel-
rim or between the edges of the tyre by interposing a joint strip such as C
substantially as described.
6. The combination with a wheel-rim and a single-tube pneumatic tyre such
as A of two wooden or equivalent rings such as G G an inflatable tube such as H
between them and a joint strip such as C substantially as described and illustrated
in Figure 3 of the accompanying drawings.
7. A pneumatic tyre having one edge A¹ wired or otherwise made unstretchable
and the other edge tubular as at A2 and capable of inflation substantially as
described and illustrated in Figure 4 of the accompanying drawings.
8. A pneumatic tyre having one edge A' thickened or beaded and the other
tubular as at A* and capable of inflation so as to lock the thickened edge between

page_text: it and the wheel rim substantially as described and illustrated in Figure 5 of the
accompanying drawings.
9. The combination with a wheel rim or wheel rim and a bridge such as F having
two circumferential channels or gutters E³ of a pneumatic tyre having two tubular
edges such as A* capable of inflation one, in each of the rim channels and with a
joint strip such as C interposed between the tubular edges and the rim substantially
as described and illustrated in Figures 6 and 7 of the accompanying drawings.
Dated this 29th day of March 1895.
BOULT & WADE,
Agents for the Applicants.