IMPROVEMENTS IN WEAVING CARPETS AND OTHER FABRICS
Year: 1857

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Carter and Brook Hodgson, both of Halifax,
in the County of York, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN WEAVING
CARPETS AND OTHER FABRICS."
Sealed the 18th December 1857, and dated the 27th June 1857.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Carter and Brook
Hodgson at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 27th June 1857.
We, JOHN CARTER and BROOK HODGSON, both of Halifax, in the County of
York, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
WEAVING CARPETS AND OTHER FABRICS," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in weaving carpets and
other fabrics. For these purposes, in place of the wires used when weaving
carpets and other fabrics being introduced and withdrawn as heretofore by
mechanism actuated by the power which works the loom, the wires aro
introduced and withdrawn by power independant of the first mover of the
loom, and we use for this purpose the direct action of the piston rods of
pistons which are actuated by steam, water, air, or other fluid.
And, secondly, in place of employing the means heretofore resorted to for
performing the picking motions of looms derived from the first mover of the
looms, the direct action of the piston rods of pistons actuated by steam, water,
air, or other fluid is used to produce such picking motions.

page_text: And the third part of the Invention consists in the employment of a peculiar
combination of mechanism in power looms for governing the give-off motions of
the warps therein. For this purpose the warp beam of a loom has a strap break
one end of which is fixed to the framing of the loom,, the other end is attached
to a weighted lever, and such lever is by a connecting rod attached to a second
weighted lever, which moves on an axis fixed to the framing of the loom, and
such lever carries the bearings of a roller, over which the warp is conducted
after having passed over a fixed bar which is below the roller. The effect of
this arrangement is, that as the warp is taken up as the weaving progresses,
the warp causes the roller to be depressed by its tension, which lifts the lever
to which the strap break is attached; and relieves the warp beam from its
friction, by which the warp will unwind more freely, till, by the descent of the
break lever, the break is again put on.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said John Carter and Brook Hodgson in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 24th December 1857.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, Jonn
CARTER and BROOK HODGSON, both of Halifax, in the County of York, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-seventh day of June, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-seven, in the twenty-first year of
Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto us,
the said John Carter and Brook Hodgson, Her special licence that we, the
said John Carter and Brook Hodgson, our executors, administrators, and
assigns, or such others as we, the said John Carter and Brook Hodgson,
our executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with,
and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the
term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN WEAVING
CARPETS AND OTHER FABRICS," upon the condition (amongst others) that we, the
said John Carter and Brook Hodgson, our executors or administrators, by an
instrument in writing under our or their hands and seals, or under the hand
and seal of one of us or them, should particularly describe and ascertain the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be per-

page_text: formed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within
six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said John Carter and Brook Hodgson, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement thereof, that is to say:-
This Invention bas for its object improvements in weaving carpets and
other fabrics. For these purposes, in place of the wires used when weaving
carpets and other fabrics being introduced and withdrawn as heretofore by
mechanism actuated by the power which works the loom, the wires are
introduced and withdrawn by power independent of the first mover of the
loom, and we use for this purpose the direct action of the piston rods of
pistons which are actuated by steam, water, air, or other fluid.
And, secondly, in place of employing the means heretofore resorted to for
performing the picking motions of looms derived from the first mover of the
looms, the direct action of the piston rods of pistons actuated by steam,
water, air, or other fluid is used to produce such picking motions.
And the third part of the Invention consists in the employment of a peculiar
combination of mechanism in power looms for governing the give-off motions
of the warps therein. For this purpose the warp beam of a loom has a strap
break, one end of which is fixed to the framing of the loom, the other end is'
attached to a weighted lever, and such lever is by a connecting rod attached
to a second weighted lever, which moves on an axis fixed to the framing of
the loom, and such lever carries the bearings of a roller, over which the warp
is conducted after having passed over a fixed bar which is below the roller.
The effect of this arrangement is, that as the warp is taken up (as the
weaving progresses), the warp causes the roller to be depressed by its tension,
which lifts the lever to which the strap break is attached, and relieves the
warp beam from its friction, by which the warp will unwind more freely,
till, by the descent of the break lever, the break is again put on.
Having thus stated the nature of the said Invention, we will proceed more.
fully to describo the manner of performing the same.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Figure 1 shows a front view of the loom for weaving carpets and other,

page_text: loom; a' is an additional framework to the main framing of the loom; c' is a
stud, on which is a pulley b, about nine inches in diameter; c is a pinion
wheel on the socket or boss of the pulley b; d is a wheel, which receives its
motion from the pinion c; is a crank arm on the boss of the wheel d, in
which is a stud f; on this stud f are two connecting rods g, g, which give
motion to the piston rod h; i is a barrel or cylinder of an air pump. Tho
apparatus receives its motion from any suitable power which gives motion to
the pulley 6 by means of a driving band or strap. The piston h forces a quan-
tity of air into the cylinder or receiver j. To the receiver is attached a let-off
or safety valve, by which the requisite pressure may be maintained for tho
withdrawal or insertion of the wires, and the quantity of pressure from timo to
time used may be varied, as to suit for different fabrics which require different
amounts of power to draw out the wires therefrom, the pressure or power.
being regulated by the weight on the valve.
Having shown the mode preferred for producing the desired power, we will
proceed to shew its action in withdrawing and inserting the pile wires. To
the receiver is connected a pipe k, which communicates with a four-way
cock, which is connected to a pipo n. This pipe n is connected to the
cylinders. There is an arm m on the plug of the four-way cock, to which is
connected the rod n, by which the four-way tap is opened and shut as required;
this rod n receives its motion from the cam g.
Figure 1 représents the loom in the position after the insertion of a wire,
w is the wire just inserted. The holder is then moved to take hold of another
wire nearest the breast roller. This motion is the same as that described in
the Specification of a former Patent granted to us, and dated the 26th day of
February 1857, it will not, therefore, be necessary to describe the same here.
When the holder has taken hold of another wire, and is ready for withdrawing
the same, the cam 9 causes the rod n to open the tap i, which allows the air
to enter the pipe r, which conveys it into the cylinders a at the left-band end,
and the piston therein is forced back, carrying with it the rod t and wire
holder e. The wire holder e moves to and fro on the grooved rod f. After
the withdrawal of the wire the cam g causes the rod n to close the cock 2 till
the proper time arrives for the insertion of the wire, the cam 9 then causes
the rod n to open the cock the reverse way, which admits the air on the right-
hand side, which forces the piston in the cylinders towards the left-hand end,
and thus causes the insertion of the wire. The same process is again and
again repeated. This motion is particularly adapted for broad widths. Wo
have described the uso of air, but other fluid may be used, the mechanism
being variod accordingly.

page_text: The second part of our Invention consists in a mode of picking the shuttles
across the fabric. Figure 2 is a view of parts of a loom. a, a, are the lathe
swords; b, b, the picking sticks; c, c, the shuttle boxes; f is the lathe; d, d,
are the piston rods or pistons, actuated by air, water, or other fluids, alternately
supplied and lett off from the cylinders e, e.
The third part of our improvements consists in a mode of letting off the
warps for weaving carpets and other fabrics, which we will now describe.
Figure 3 shows the end view of a loom. 6 is the pile warp beam; a, a, shews
the framing of the loom; h is a break pulley, which is made fast on the beam
shaft; n is a break, which reaches about two-thirds round the break pulley h;
one end is fixed to a bracket y on the framing of the loom, to the other end of
the break is attached a connecting rod j, which is connected to a weighted
lever i, which has its fulcrum on the framing of the loom; c¹ is a fixed pro-
jection from the framing of the loom; v¹ is an axis, on which the double or
compound lever v vibrates, and over which the warps pass; u is a roller. The
warps having passed the axis v', pass partly round the roller u, and the pressure
of the roller is caused by the weighted lever v; as the weaving progresses and
the warps become tighter their action on the roller u (carried by the compound
lever v) causes the connecting rod h¹ to lift up the weighted lever i, and relieve
the break n, by which the warp will be let off. c, c, is what are generally.
termed ground warps; h is a break pulley; n is the break; 9 is the fixed end
of the break; the other end of the break is attached to a weighted lever g,
which has its fulcrum at r, on the framing of the loom. To the lever g is
attached a connecting rod f, by which it is connected to a compound lever d,
which has its fulcrum at e, partly round which the warps pass, thence partly
around a roller s, carried by the compound lever d. As the weaving progresses
and the warps become used up and tighter, they act on the vibrating lever d,
which moves the connecting rod f, which, raising tho lever g, releases the
pressure of the break n, which lets off the warp from the beam c.
Having now described the nature of our Invention, we wish it to be under-
stood that we make no claim to any of the parts separately, nor do we confine
ourselves to the details; but what we claim is,―
First, the inserting and withdrawing the pile wires used in the manufacture
of carpets and other fabrics, as herein described, by means of air, steam,
or other fluid, in place of deriving the requisite power from the first mover of
the looms.
Second, we claim the combined apparatus, herein described, for letting off
the pile and ground warps.
Third, we claim the actuating of the apparatus for the picking motions of

page_text: looms, by air, steam, or other fluid, in place of deriving the requisite power
from the first mover of the looms.
In witness whereof, we, the said John Carter and Brook Hodgson, have
⚫hereunto set our hands and seals, this Fifth day of December, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-seven.
Witness,
JAMES WADE,
Halifax.
M.D.)
BROOK HODGSON. (L.S.)