Improvements in or relating to Heating Apparatus.
Year: 1899

page_text: Date of Application, 26th Sept., 1899-Accepted, 18th Nov., 1899
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION,
Improvements in or relating to Heating Apparatus.
I, IGNAZ TIMAR, of 14, Kommandanten Strasse, Berlin, in the Empire of
Germany, Company Director, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and
in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement:-
This invention relates to the use of thermophors, which in consequence of the
extent to which they can be employed in industrial matters, are largely used,
the disadvantage is sometimes found that the re-crystallisation, and therefore,
the giving off of the latent heat will not set in.
Thermophors, as is known, are apparatus employed for heating objects or hollow
spaces, and keeping them warm, and which consist essentially of a vessel with a
double wall or casing, within which double wall or casing are substances melting
into water of crystallisation as, for example, crystallised acetate of soda, crystal-
lised hyposulphite of soda, crystallised caustic baryta, and the like.
When such vessels are heated, the chemical substances contained therein melt
into water of crystallisation and, upon the vessel subsequently cooling, when no
further heating is effected, the stored-up latent heat can be given off again
through the re-crystallisation of the melted substances, and employed for heating
articles, or hollow spaces, and keeping the same warm. It should be mentioned
further, that an addition of a percentage of glycerine to the above mentioned
chemical body so far influences the crystallisation that, instead of large compact
crystals, as otherwise result, the formation of a sand-like crystal mass is promoted.
In this simple manner, any damage to the thermophors through the increasing
space occupied by the mass, resulting from the crystallisation is entirely
excluded and, on the other hand, the re-melting of the rigid mass considerably
facilitated. Such concentrated solutions of acetate of soda, hyposulphite of soda
and the like, which are converted, by the melting into water of crystallisation
have the property of still remaining fluid, when actually in consequence of their
concentration, they should again become crystallised at the temperature.
In order to prevent this, and to enable the recrystallisation to set in with
certainty, accordingly as may be desired, a screw is attached to the thermophor,
the pointed needle-like end of which projects into the melting thermophor mass.
If this screw be loosened, so that the needle-like point comes for a moment
into contact with the air, a crystal is produced on the point, which upon the
point being again immersed in the solution affects (inoculates) the latter, and
thereby causes the crystallisation to set in. This apparatus, it is true, has the
advantage of starting the desired crystallisation, but the disadvantage that it
cannot always be applied to the thermophors, these having the most varied kinds
of forms, as the screw must be so arranged that the head thereof can be lifted
out of the vessel with the pin which is thereon, so as to be enabled to start the
crystallisation.
A better and simpler means of inducing crystallisation of a solution is the
application of friction with some hard object, to the inner wall or casing of the
vessel containing the solution, and the various forms of this apparatus constitute
the obiect of the present invention.

page_text: The apparatus for starting the crystallisation consists substantially of a pin, a
greater or lesser surface of which can produce friction on the inner wall of the
thermophor in the body of the melted acetate of soda, and the like.
Figs. 1, to 4, are sections of the thermophor vessels, to which apparatus of the
kind are applied.
Fig. 5, is a view of a detail of the apparatus.
In Fig. 1, a is a "bordered" head of a screw, which by means of the screw-
thread band the nut c can set the bent pin d in motion. This pin d is in fact
so bent that the end d produces friction on the side e. If now the head a be
turned, the end of the pin d will rub against the side c, and hereby start the
crystallisation of the thermophor-mass.
Fig. 2, is distinguished from Figure, 1, by the fact that, instead of the screw-
thread b, a spring b is applied and that the pin d terminates in a transverse arm,
and in this way two surfaces d¹ are created, which produce the friction on the
sides e and el of the thermophor. If the head a be pressed down, d and its attach-
ments will move downwards and if the head a be released again, the pin d
will be again drawn up by the spring band friction be once more induced at e¹
by . By pressing the head a down several times, the crystallisation will thus
be started.
In Fig. 3, the arrangement is the same as in Fig. 2, except that the pin d,
has but one end d which rubs against the side e.
In Fig. 4, the arrangement is similar to Fig. 1, the head a setting the pin
and its end d in motion by means of the screw-thread b, but d' does not rub against
the side of the thermophor but a small spring e placed within the latter.
Fig. 5, shows the end of the pin d in Fig. 4, on an enlarged scale.
It will be seen that this simple apparatus can not only be applied to the upper
surface of the thermophor vessel, but, if preferred, at the side, or also at the
bottom, where, in fact, is the space most suitable therefor. Moreover, the
actuating of this apparatus is simpler that was possible when the previously
described screw with needle-shaped end has been employed.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is
CLAIM.
The improved apparatus for starting the crystallisation in thermophors, dis-
tinguished by a friction body d¹ made of some hard substance, which lies, inside
the melted mass, closely against the interior surface, or some other interior part,
of the vessel containing the substance to be crystallised, and, by the turning, or
longitudinal displacement, of a pin which carries it, and projects from the vessel,
can be set in motion, so as to produce friction on the inner wall or side, or the
like, substantially as described and illustrated.
Dated this 26th day of September 1899
HUGHES & YOUNG,
55 & 56, Chancery Lane, W.C., Agents for Applicant.