Improvements in Ventilators.
Year: 1889

page_text: Improvements in Ventilators.
!, GEORGE CONNELL, of Grainger Street, in the City and County of Newcastle upon
Tyne, Surveyor, do hereby declare the nature of said invention and in what manner
the same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement :-
This invention has for its object the introduction of the external air into rooms,
buildings, ship cabins or saloons, carriages and other structures by means of a venti-
lator placed in the wall or external covering, but especially relates to ventilators
contained in the walls of buildings.
Atmospheric air in. motion, which practically it always is, will enter an external
inlet with a certain amount of pressure and velocity and if the area of the passage is
gradually diminished to the internal outlet into a room the velocity will be gradually
increased in the ratio of the areas of the inlet and outlet, allowing for loss by obstruction
to its passage and friction against the interior surfaces of the passage.
The object of my invention is to apply this principle to ventilators so constructed as
to secure the following advantages viz.
1st. That the air shall meet with the least possible obstruction in entering the
external inlet an that in its passage from the inlet to the outlet its velocity shall be
gradually increased till it is discharged into the room; the form of the passage being
such as to avoid obstruction of the air by abrupt turns and by friction, whilst the
length between the inlet and outlet is sufficient to allow a gradual diminishing of the
area between the two points.
2nd. That the outlet shall be so situated in the wall of the room, that the air will
escape into the room, with its increased velocity, in such a position and in either a
diagonal or vertical direction, that drafts will be avoided and the entering air will be
ejected from the outlet and completely spread.
3rd. That the ventilator as proposed to be constructed according to my invention
may be, if required; entirely contained within the thickness of the wall of a building
and can be adjusted so as to fit walls of different thicknesses.
The ventilator consists of a chamber having a large inlet externally and gradually
tapering in a sloping upward direction so that the outlet internally is only about one
fourth (more or less) the area of the external inlet.
In shape it will preferably form easy curves with smooth or glazed internal surfaces
so as to diminish the friction of the air. The outlet internally may be shaped so as to
give either a diagonal or vertical direction to the air.
The cross section of the ventilator may be square, rectangular, circular or oval.
Except where it is desired to give a vertical direction to the air the whole of the
ventilator is contained within the thickness of the wall of a building and has no
projecting parts. When the air is required to enter the room in a vertical direction
the internal outlet will project slightly beyond the face of the wall.
In order to provide for varying thicknesses of walls and that the same sized venti-
lator may apply thereto the air grating in front has slotted sides to permit of its being
drawn out to the full extent of the sides and bolted to the body of the ventilator at
any required position.
DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS.
On the accompanying sheet of Drawings I illustrate by Figs. 1. 2 and 3 the ventilator
in different modes of application the same letters of reference being used in each case.
In Fig. 1 the ventilator is shewn as fitted in the wall of a building and designed to
deliver the air in a diagonal direction, A being the inlet for air, B the discharge
outlet, C the flap for reducing the area of discharge or for closing same.

page_text: Fig. 2 shows the ventilator designed to deliver the air in a vertical direction.
Fig. 3 shews a modification of Fig. 1 having a hinged projecting flap forming a
continuation of the sloping chamber..
Fig. 4 shews the air grating in which D. is the grating and E the sides with slots
and bolts by which it is secured to the ventilator to suit varying thicknesses of walls.
Although I prefer to connect the inlet with the outlet by a combination of curves
with straight lines or by easy, sweeping curves, the ventilator may be of other tapering
shapes so long as the velocity of the air is increased gradually between the inlet and
the outlet with the least obstruction in its course by friction.
In all these Figs. the ventilator forms in section a rectangle the upper and lower
sides of which converge or taper from the inlet to outlet and the other sides are
parallel which is the form I prefer.
The ventilator may be made of any suitable material as cast metal or earthenware
(preferably glazed inside), sheet zinc, sheet iron, or wood.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is
1st. Ventilators for the admission of external air into rooms, buildings, or other
structures, consisting of a chamber having an upward sloping direction and con-
verging or tapering on the top and bottom sides from the exterior to the interior
with the object of gradually. increasing the velocity of the air currents from the
exterior and discharging them in a diagonal direction and the whole contained
within the thickness of the wall substantially as described and illustrated.
2nd. Ventilators as described in Claim 1 but with a projecting vertical inlet so as to
discharge the air in a vertical direction substantially as described and illustrated.
3rd. The combinations of parts consisting of the external air grating D, the tapering
chamber A-B and the concealed flap C as shewn in Fig. 1 and in the modified forms
shewn in Figs. 2 & 3.
4th. The combination of parts consisting of the sliding and adjustable external air
grating D-E (Fig. 4) with the tapering chamber. A-B'and the other parts as in
claim. 3.
T. J. DANSON, F.I.P.A.,
2, St. Nicholas' Buildings, Newcastle-on-Tyne, Agent for Applicant.