IMPROVEMENTS IN BOILER AND OTHER FURNACES AND FLUES
Year: 1855

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Johnson Hands, of Epsom, in the County of Surrey,
for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN BOILER AND OTHER FURNACES AND
FLUES."
Sealed the 4th September 1855, and dated the 7th May 1855.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Johnson Hands at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 7th
May 1855.
I, JOHNSON HANDS, of Epsom, in the County of Surrey, do hereby declare
the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN BOILER AND OTHER FURNACES
AND FLUES" to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to construct boiler and other like furnaces
and their flues with a view to prevent the passage of dense or dark smoke or
products from the fire into the atmosphere. For this purpose furnaces are
constructed with flues at the sides or top or both, with partitions, which
separate the furnaces from the flues; these flues are perforated with slits or
narrow holes.
The flues leading from the furnaces are constructed and arranged of con-
siderable length before they join the flues first mentioned, which are outside
of the furnace. The products of combustion from the furnaces pass out
therefrom into the flues connected therewith, and circulate therein, the heat

page_text: being used to heat the boilers or otherwise, and after the products of com-
bustion from the furnaces have circulated in the flues connected with the
furnaces, they come back, and pass through the flues formed at the sides or
over the fires, and consequently the products pass against or over the perforated
partitions, and thence into the chimneys.
In the flues leading from the furnaces to the chimneys there are openings
(with doors) to admit air into the flues to mix with the products passing in
such flues before such products come to the perforated partitions.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Johnson Hands in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
7th November 1855.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOHNSON
HANDS, of Epsom, in the County of Surrey, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Seventh day of May, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and fifty-five, in the eighteenth year of Her reign,
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said Johnson Hands, Her special licence that I, the said Johnson Hands,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said
Johnson Hands, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any
time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland,
the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
BOILER AND OTHER FURNACES AND FLUES," upon the condition (amongst others)
that I, the said Johnson Hands, by an instrument in writing under my band
and seal, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the
same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months
next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Johnson Ilands, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement thereof (that is to say):-
The object of this Invention is to construct boiler and other like furnaces

page_text: and their flues with a view to prevent the passage of dense or dark smoke or
products from the fire into the atmosphere. For this purpose furnaces are
constructed with flues at the sides or top or both, with partitions, which
separate the furnaces from the flues. These flues are perforated with slits or
narrow holes.
The flues leading from the furnaces are constructed and arranged of
considerable length before they join the flues first mentioned, which are outside
the furnaces. The products of combustion from the furnaces pass out therefrom
into the flues connected therewith, and circulate therein, the heat being used
to heat the boilers or otherwise, and after the products of combustion from the
furnaces have circulated in the flues connected with the furnaces they come
back, and pass through the flues formed at the sides or over the fires, and
consequently the products pass against or over the perforated partitions, and
thence into the chimneys. In the flues leading from the furnaces to the chim-
neys there are openings (with doors) to admit air into the flues to mix with
the products passing in such flues before such products come to the perforated
partions.
Having thus stated the nature of my Invention, I will proceed to describe
the manner of performing the same.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING.
Figures 1 and 2 show two transverse sections; Figure 8, a plan; and
Figure 4, a longitudinal section of a steam boiler, the furnace and flues being
arranged according to my Invention. A is the furnace or fire-place, which is
of the ordinary construction. The flame and products of combustion from the
furnace A pass over the bridge and along the flue B, which in the arrange-
ment shown is formed through the boiler; but this may be varied when other
forms of boilers are used. At the end of the flue B they enter the flues C,
which pass along each side of the boiler towards the front, where they descend
and meet in the flue D, through which the gas and products pass under the
bottom of the boiler towards the flue D', which may be conducted through a
chamber for drying purposes, or to any situation where heat is required. The
flue, having made the desired circuit, then returns and enters the furnace at E,
and is conducted over it and under the boiler near the bridge. Atmospheric
air is admitted to the flue at the point E, or at any convenient part of the
return flue D', so as to combine with the gases and products of combustion in
the flue, the quantity admitted being regulated by doors or dampers, by which
the gases will be rendered highly inflammable, and become ignited in their
passage through the flue in the furnace at F, that part of the flue having slits

page_text: or openings through which the flame from the furnace is drawn. I prefer in
some cases to introduce a fan where the air is admitted to the flue, which is
caused to rotate by the draught through the flue, by which arrangement the
air and gases will be more intimately blended in the flue. The flue F may
then be conducted away along the upper part of the boiler or otherwise, and
to any situation where heat is required, and thence away to a chimney.
I would remark, that although I have shown my improvements applied to
a steam boiler, they will be found to be equally applicable to other furnaces
and flues; and the passage of air into the flues to combine with the gases may
be rendered available for withdrawing the vitiated air from the chamber
or apartment heated by the flue, and thus aid in the ventilation of the
same.
Having thus described the nature of my said Invention, I would have it
understood that what I claim is, the mode herein described of constructing
boiler and other furnaces and flues.
In witness whereof, I, the said Johnson Hands, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Sixth day of November, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-five.
Witness,
S. CARPMAEL.
JOHNSON HANDS. (L.s.)