IMPROVED MEANS OR METHODS OF. OBTAINING TWO OR MORE COLOURS ON PILED FABRICS, OR ON MATERIAL INTENDED FOR SUCH FABRICS, WITH A VIEW TO IMITATE THE SKINS OF ANIMALS OR PRODUCE DESIGNS. THEREON, SUCH MEANS BEING ALSO APPLICABLE TO PRODUCE DIFFERENT EFFECTS ON NATURAL SKINS OR FURS
Year: 1876

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Joe Frost, of Huddersfield, in the County of York,
Chemist, and John Walmsley, of Mirfield, in the same County, Printer, for the
Invention of "IMPROVED MEANS OR METHODS OF. OBTAINING TWO OR MORE
COLOURS ON PILED FABRICS, OR ON MATERIAL INTENDED FOR SUCH FABRICS,
WITH A VIEW TO IMITATE THE SKINS OF ANIMALS OR PRODUCE DESIGNS.
THEREON, SUCH MEANS BEING ALSO APPLICABLE TO PRODUCE DIFFERENT
EFFECTS ON NATURAL SKINS OR FURS.”
Sealed the 14th November 1876, and dated the 15th May 1876.
t.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Joe Frost and John Walmsley
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 15th May 1876.
-
JOE FROST, of Huddersfield, in the County of York, Chemist,. and JOHN
"IMPROVED MEANS OR
WALMSLEY, of Mirfield, in the same County, Printer.
METHODS OF OBTAINING TWO OR MORE COLOURS ON PILED FABRICS, OR ON
MATERIAL INTENDED FOR SUCH FABRICS, WITH A VIEW TO IMITATE THE SKINS Of
ANIMALS OR PRODUCE DESIGNS THEREON, SUCH MEANS BEING ALSO APPLICABLE TO
PRODUCE DIFFERENT EFFECTS ON NATURAL SKINS OR FURS."
This Invention relates to means and methods of printing and dyeing piled or
other fabrics, or fibres intended for such fabrics, or natural skins or furs of animals,
and consists in using metallic compounds, being at the same time capable of con-
version into any coloured compounds, either dark, light, or white, on the fabric or
fibre by means of suitable reagents, such as the sulphides or sulphydrate: oxides, or
hydrated oxides of metals, and other coloured salts of metals.
In order to produce a coloured ground, with light or white tops or tips of the
pile, we first impregnate the same with salts of lead, either by subjecting the same
to a process of printing or dyeing, and then convert the salts of lead into a sulphide
of lead, either by means of the sulphur that may already exist in the fabrics or
fibres or by converting the same into a sulphide, of lead by using the sulphides of
soda, ammonia, potassium, or sulphuretted hydrogen, or other compounds capable of
forming the sulphides.
Secondly. To produce the light or white tops or tips we apply acids such as
Foxalic, tartaric, citric, hydrochloric, or other acids sufficiently strong to cither

page_text: partially or wholly convert or decompose the sulphides into a white or light
coloured compound, either soluble or insoluble, as may be required, and if soluble
then dissolve the same from the fabrics or fibres, any one or more of which acids
when applied are first thickened with a suitable thickening substance usually used
in printing fabrics or fibres. Or instead of lead compounds, as aforesaid, we may
use compounds of salts of copper, tin, silver, or any other metal where the
sulphides form stable compound and capable of being converted into light coloured
or white compounds, either soluble or insoluble, by treating with suitable reagents
or chemical compounds. Or we may use two or more metallic compounds together,
whose sulphides, oxides, or hydrated oxides, are of different colours, such inetallic
compounds as sulphide of lead and hydrated oxide of iron or ferrocyanide of iron,
which by the application of suitable reagents or chemical compounds we are
enabled to produce various tones of colours.
In some cases we subject the fabrics or fibres to various vegetable or other
colouring matters, either before or after submitting them to the foregoing process or
processes, whereby we form on the fabrics or fibres sulphide of lead or hydrates of
iron, and we then discharge, when necessary, the iron or the other compounds, and
pass the fabrics or fibres through a bath of logwood or other colouring matters, for
producing different tints or tones of ground and light or white tops or tips; also, in
some cases, may be advantageous to pass the fibres or fabrics through a bath of
sulphuric acid before forming the sulphide, ns before explained, to fix the lend
thereon.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Joe Frost and John Walmsley in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
15th November 1876.
"
Chemist, and JOHN
IMPROVED MEANS OR
JOE FROST, of Huddersfield, in the County of York,
WALMSLEY, of Mirfield, in the same County, Printer.
METHODS OF OBTAINING TWO OR MORE COLOURS ON PILED FABRICS, OR ON
MATERIAL INTENDED FOR SUCH FABRICS, WITH A VIEW TO IMITATE THE SKINS OF
ANIMALS OR PRODUCE DESIGNS THEREON, SUCH MEANS BEING ALSO APPLICABLE TO
PRODUCE DIFFERENT EFFECTS ON NATURAL SKINS OR FURS."
This Invention relates to means and methods of printing and dyeing piled or
other fabrics composed of vegetable or animal fibres, and manufactured in such a
manner as to imitate animal skius or furs, certain parts of our process being capable
of application to the material of which such fabrics are composed in the raw or
unmanufactured state. Our Invention is also equally applicable for treating natural
skins or furs.
The object of the Invention, as applied to imitation skins, is to produce gradations
of shade or tint, spreckled or spotted effects, and particularly to produce tops or
tips of a different colour or shade from the roots or body of the pile, which
occurs in nearly all natural skins or furs.
As applied to natural skins or furs our object is to operate upon the commoner or
plainer kinds, so as to imitate the more ornamental.
Our Invention consists in using metallic compounds instead of vegetable colouring
matters, as at present in use, such metallic compounds being at the same time
capable of conversion into coloured compounds, either dark, light, or white, on the
fabric or fibre, by means of suitable reagents, such as the sulphides or sulphydrates,
oxides or hydrated oxides of metals, and other coloured salts of metals.
The operation is as follows, and is equally applicable to natural or imitation furs
or skins.
In order to produce a coloured ground to the pile we first impregnate the same
with a soluble salt of lead, such as the acetate or nitrate, such impregnation being
effected either by immersion in a solution, as in dyeing, or by the process known as

page_text: 'padding" The salt may be applied to the entire piece, or in a partial maunor only
when a pattern or design is required. The salt of lead may then be converted into
a sulphido by exposure to a high temperature, such as that of steam, when the
sulphur naturally existing in the fibres will unite with the lead; or the salt of lead
may be converted into a sulphide by using the sulphides of soda, ammonia,
potassium, sulphuretted hydrogen, or other well known compounds capable of
forming sulphides with the above-mentioned salts of lead.
To produce the light or white tops or tips we apply such acids as oxalic, tartaric,
citric, hydrochloric, nitric, sulphuric, or other acids sufficiently strong to either
wholly or partially convert or decompose the sulphides into a white or light
coloured compound, and then dissolve or "wash off" the same from the fabrics or
fibres, oither in hot or cold water, according to the solubility of the compound.
The acids when applied are first thickened with a suitable thickening substance,
such as are commonly used in printing fabrics or fibres. The strength of acid used
in this case must depend upon the shade of "top" or "tip" required, a weak one
by only partially decomposing the sulphide produces only a light shado, whilst a
strong one produces a perfectly white "tip." The acid may be applied so as to pro-
duce a variety of patterns, either perfectly white, spreckled, grey, or mingled.
In some cases we may use two or more metallic compounds mixed together, whose
sulphides, oxides, or hydrated oxides are of different colours; such, for instance, as
the sulphide of lead, hydrated oxide of iron, or ferrocyanide of iron, by the use of
which, in different proportions acted on by the reagents above mentioned, we are
enabled to produce various shades or tones of colour.
ر
In addition to the metallic colouring process vegetable dyes such as madder,
logwood, catechu, and other tannins, may be used for imparting shades or tones of
colour unattainable by the use of metallic compounds alone.
In order to fix the lead more particularly to the vegetable fibres, before proceeding
to form the sulphide, it will be found advantageous at times to pass the fibres or
fabric through a bath of dilute sulphuric acid.
It will be readily seen that raw fibres may be impregnated with the salt of lead,
and by mixing such fibres with others which do not contain lead, and working
them up together, various results may be obtained.
Having thus described the nature of our Invention, and the manner of performing
the same, we would have it understood that we do not confine ourselves to the
use of the particular chemical compounds above described, as others of similar
nature may be used with varying degrees of success, such as the compounds of salts
of copper, tin, silver, or any other metal where the sulphides form stable compounds
and capable of being converted into light coloured or white compounds, either
soluble or insoluble, by treating with suitable reagents or chemical compounds, but
what we claim as our Invention is,-
Firstly. The use of the metallic compounds instead of vegetable colouring matter,
ns and for the purposes herein described.
Secondly. The use of metallic compounds in combination with vegetable colouring
matters, as herein described
In witness whereof, we, the said Joe Frost and John Walmsley, have hercunto
set our hands and seals, this Eleventh day of November, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-six
Witness,
J. W. TASKER,
Patent Agent,
Halifax.
JOE FROST.
(L.S.)
JOHN WALMSLEY. (L.S.)