Improvements in Ciroular and Square Down Draught Kilns.
Year: 1894

page_text: Date of Application, 29th Dec., 1894-Accepted, 27th July, 1805
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION
Improvements in Ciroular and Square Down Draught Kilns.
We WILLIAM JONES, JOHN William Jones, and SAMUEL JONES, Practical
Kiln Builders and General Brickyard Contractors, known as Wm. Jones and Sons
of Glandale. Buckley near Chester in the County of Flint, do hereby declare the
nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
This invention relates to improvements in circular and square down draught kilns
and has for its object so to construct the same that great heat shall be produced at a
minimum cxpense and with an economy of labour. Further the first cost in erecting a
continuously fired kiln is much lessened by reason that in accordance with this
invention such kilns may be built so as to work properly in blocks of six chambers
only as against fourteen chambers requisite in the Hoffmann and other types of
continuously fired kilns hitherto in use.
Other advantages possessed by kilns constructed according to this our invention are
that we fire or feed the furnace with fuel underneath the kiln instead of as in other
systems firing or feeding from the top The Intter manner of firing necessarily
discoloring the goods in the kiln as the coal or slack goes all through the same
which disadvantage is avoided by this our invention, and kilns constructed in
accordance therewith are rendered suitable for burning first-class goods of any
description, and fuel may be more easily supplied to the furnace than if at the top
of the kiln.
And in order that this our invention may be fully understood and readily earned
into effect we will describe same with reference to the accompanying three sheets
of drawings and to the letters and figuies of reference marked thereon that is to
say,-
Fig. 1. is a sectional front elevation of a hilu constructed in accordance with this
our invention
Fig. 2. 13 a sectional plan upon line A B Fig. 1, and Fig. 3 is a sectional plan
upon line C D Fig. 1.
Similar letters of reference indicate like parts in each of the figures.
Now in accordance with this invention one furnace alone is required in the centre
of each chamber and to protect this from melting with the heat it is provided with au
outer jacket or lining leaving a space of say 6 inches in width between the furnace
wall and the outer jacket or lining aforesaid. The furnace hole or flue over the
top of the bars is circular in shape and the outer jacket or lining is also made
circular but both furnace wall and Jacket (with air space between) are conducted
or extend to the outside of stoke hole so as to permit cold air to travel to the
interior and thus preserve the furnace wall.
Water may be kept constantly in the ash hole underneath the fire bars to receive
and cool hot ashes and prevent the bars from melting. Sliding iron doors are
provided at the entrance to furnace or stoke hole & ash-hole and these are kept
closed except at such times as the furnace requires feeding or otherwise needs
alteration.
The operation of the kiln is as follows:-
Que furnace having been fired the heat of fire rises straight up the furnace hole
or flue above the bars and passes through the goods in the kiln. From thence it
passes through an outlet provided into a flue formed right around the chamber
and from thence it drops into a somewhat larger flue provided upon the same level
as the furnace bars and is conducted into the bottom of the next furnace
hent then passes upward through the goods in that chamber and is conducted
The

page_text: thence into the main flue of the kiln and on duectly, to the chimney. This process
is repeated in the case of the six chambers. The heat from the chamber that 13
being fired passing through the next chamber furnace, then ascending through the
goods as above described and so on to the chimney. Suitable dampers are provided
in each of the flues and care must be exercised to keep closed all such dampers as
would allow back draught on which would permit of the entry of cold air, those
dampers only remaining open which allow of the free passage of the beat as above
described.
In the accompanying diawings a represents the furnace of each chamber, b the
outer jacket or Iming surrounding same, aud c the air space between the furnace wall
and jacket . dis the circular furnace hole or flue situated over the fine bars and
leading into the heating or burning chamber d' by which the fire or heat is conducted
through the goods to be burnt, ee are the apertures in the wall of chamber d
through which the heat passes into the fluef surrounding the kiln or chamber.
From this flue f through the drop holes g the heat passes into the flue by which
it is conducted into the furnace of the next kiln. is the flue leading into main
Alue by which the heated gases and products of combustion are conducted to
chimney or uptake l. mmm and m'm'm³ m' are dampers situated in the various
flues which may be mampulated as requied for the purpose of allowing the heat to
pass and of preventing the entry of cold air or back draught as previously stated.
Assuming the chamber marked A to be the first one fired then the heat or fire
from the furnace a passes through the aperture d into the kiln and amongst the
goods contained therein. Passing through the apertures e in the wall of the
chamber A the heat is conducted into the flue surtounding the kiln from whence
it passes by the drop hole g into the flue / This latter being situated on a level
with the fire bars of the various furnaces conducts the heat into the bottom of the
furnace a of the next kiln distinguished on the drawings for the purpose of this
illustration by the letter B.
The sliding doors at front of this furnace are kept closed and the heat 16
then drawn up amongst the goods in this second chamber B whence it escapes
by the apertures e in the wall to the surrounding flue and from thence through
diop holes into fines and which take it into main flue and on to
the uptake or chunney! The tues and are all provided with
dampers mm² m² m² m² and in the case just described in which the chamber A 18
fired and the heat passes through chamber B all the dampers m are closed to
prevent back draught or the entry of cold air as aforesaid and the
dampers m' m² m³ m' are opened to permit of the passage of the heat from furnace
of chamber A to the chunney or uptake as aforesaid.
When the goods are sufficiently buint in chamber & the fireman commences to
feed the furnace of chamber B The fuel therein lights instantaneously as the
furnace is filled with a stream of fire from the chamber A.
After the intense heat is exhausted from the kiln A the dampers of the connecting
flues between k.lu A and B are closed and those between B and C opened, the
sliding doors of furnace to chamber C are closed and the waste fire from the
kiln B passes through the goods i kiln C emerging eventually into the main Hue k
as previously described with reference to chambers A and B.
This process is then repeated in the case of all the chambers or kilns and thus
we accomplish a continuous firing of single furnace down draught kilns. Though
in the drawings the chamber- or kilns are shewn of a circular shape it is obvious
that the same may be of a square form if desned.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim 15

page_text: 2. In circular & square down draught kilns the construction and arrangement
of flues hand k and dampers m m' m³ m³ m' substantially as and for the purposes
herein before set forth and shewn.
3. In circular & square down draught kilns the combination of furnace a outer
jacket to same b, air space c, furnace hole or flued, heating or burning chambers d',
wall holes e, flue / drop holes 9, flues h & k, and uptake all constructed and
operating substantially as and for the purposes herembefore described and shewn.
Dated this 29th day of December 1894.
HUGHES & YOUNG,
23 Coleman Street, London, E C., Agents