CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHODS OR MEANS OF GIVING MOTION TO MACHINERY, AND ALSO OF RAISING WATER OK OTHER FLUIDS FROM A LOWER TO A HIGHER LEVEL
Year: 1812

page_text: TO ALL UNTO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, J, PHILIP
CHELL, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, send greeting.
WHEREAS His most Excellent Majesty King George the Third did, by His
Letters Patent under the Great Seal of the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, bearing date at Westminster, the Twenty-eighth day of January,
in the fifty-second year of His reign, give and grant unto me, the said
Philip Chell, my exors, adññiors, and assigns, His especial licence, full power,
sole priviledge and authority, that I, the said Philip Chell, my exors, adñiors,
and assigns, during the term of years therein expressed, should and lawfully
might make, use, exercise, and vend, within England, Wales, and the Town
of Berwick-upon-Tweed, my Invention of "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
METHODS OR MEANS OF GIVING MOTION TO MACHINERY, AND ALSO OF RAISING WATER
OK OTHER FLUIDS FROM A LOWER TO A HIGHER LEVEL;" in which said Letters
Patent there is contained a proviso that if I, the said Philip Chell, shall not
particularly describe and ascertain the nature of my said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, by an instrument in writing under my hand
and seal, and cause the same to be inrolled in His Majesty's High Court of
Chancery within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of
the said Letters Patent, that then the said Letters Patent, and all liberties
and advantages whatsoever thereby granted, should utterly cease, determine,
and become void, as in and by the said Letters Patent, relation being thereunto
had, will more fully and at large appear.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
Philip Chell, do hereby declare that my said Invention is described and
ascertained by the annexed Plans drawn in the margin of these presents, and
by the following reference and particulars:―
Figure 1 is a section or side view (upon a half scale) of a four-inch pump
or machine for raising or forcing water or other fluids from a lower to a higher
level, and consists of a metal barrel or cylinder b, with four clacks or valves
that open and shut, fixed eccentrically in a metal cylinder m c, and revolving
on an axis or spindle e. a, a, a, a, are the four moveable clacks or valves
fitted upon the barrel and open and shut freely in a socket or joint, or fixed
on the barrel-like hinges. c, c, is the inlet passage from the water or other
fluid into the cylinder, and d, d, the outlet passage, into which may be fixed
pipes or other contrivances for conveying or forcing the water or other fluids.
e is the spindle which works through the side plates in steel journies or brasses, to
the end or ends of which are fixed the handles to work the pump.
The depth
of the cylinder, working barrel, and clacks or valves, are equal to the diameter,
namely, the cylinder is four inches diameter, and four inches deep or wide;
the clacks or valves fall or rise about one sixth of the diameter of the
cylinder, or eleven sixteenths of an inch. Other proportions may be given,
but I consider, these the best; and also four clacks or valves, the best' number,
but the machine may be made to work with more or less. Springs may be
placed under the clacks or valves, to cause them to open more freely.
Figure 2 is a view of the same pump or machine when covered by the
side plates.
Figure 3 is a section or side view of a machine or engine for giving
motion to machinery (to the scale of one inch to a foot), to be acted upon by
steam or other elastic or fluid bodies, but best calculated for steam, and con-
sists of a metal barrel or cylinder b, with three pistons, cogs, or valves a, a, a,
that open and shut, fixed in the centre of a metal cylinder m c, and revolving
on an axis or spindle h. a, a, a, are three moveable pistons, cogs, or valves,
fitted firmly upon the barrel b, with joints similar to hinges, by which they open
and shut. c, c, c, is the steamway or passage, the steam entering the cylinder
by the pipe d, and escaping on going out of it at e. f is what I call the
eccentric, being a piece of iron or other metal, in the form of an half moon, fitted
and fastened into the cylinder to confine or compel the steam to move through
the steamway c, c, c, in the cylinder, as shewn by the arrows. g is a piece of
brass or other metal fitting into the eccentric f, and which may be tightened
by screws from the outside of the cylinder, so as to close and fit against the
barrel b, to prevent the loss or escape of steam in a contrary direction between

page_text: the eccentric and the barrel b. h is the shaft, spindle, or axis, which works
either in steel journies or brasses, in or through the side plates which are fixed
on the cylinder, the end of which shaft or spindle may be connected to any
machinery intended to be worked by it. A steam cock or throttle valve, or
both, may be fitted to the end of the steam pipe d, by opening which the steam
rushes into the cylinder, and acts against the pistons, cogs, or valves a, through
the steamway or passage, as shewn by the arrows from c to c. The pistons,
cogs, or valves a, a, a, open by their own weight, and by the action of the
steam. The inlet and outlet passage for the steam may be varied as to their
relative situations, as also may the number of pistons, cogs, or valves. But I
consider this to be the best construction for the engine:-The depth of the engine
I make about one half the diameter of the cylinder; that is, if the cylinder is
two feet diameter, I make the depth about one foot, and the pistons, cogs, or valves
to rise about one sixth, or four inches, or other proportions may be adopted.
Figure 4 is the same engine as it appears when covered in by the side
plates. The engine may be worked by the force of steam only, or with a
vacuum by air pump and condenser, as may be preferred, for which purpose
machinery may be affixed by any engineer. These machines (engines and
pumps) require great care and nicety in fitting them true, as upon their
accuracy their value and good effect will in a great measure depend; they
should also be made of materials best adapted for strength and durability,
and for the purpose to which they are to be applied.
In witness whereof, I, the said Philip Chell, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Twenty-fourth day of July, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and twelve.
Inrolled the Twenty-fifth day of July, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and twelve.