AN IMPROVED MODE OF AND APPARATUS FOR EFFECTING A REDUCTION OF TEMPERATURE, APPLICABLE TO THE GENERATION OF MOTIVE POWER AND TO THE MANUFACTURE OF ICE
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Theophilus Larking Joyce at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 30th April 1874.-A communication from abroad by Isidor
Selten, of Vienna, in the Empire of Austria.
I, THEOPHILUS LARKING JOYCE, of East Moulsey, in the County of
Surrey, Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "AN IMPROVED MODE OF AND APPARATUS FOR EFFECTING A REDUCTION OF
TEMPERATURE, APPLICABLE TO THE GENERATION OF MOTIVE POWER AND TO THE
MANUFACTURE OF ICE," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to the cooling of liquids and the manufacture
of ice by the expansion of carbonic acid gas, or other gaseous body,
which is generated under great pressure or mechanically compressed..
As an economic means of generating carbonic acid gas, it is preferred to
use chalk and sulphuric acid. These materials are introduced into a gas
generating vessel capable of sustaining great internal pressure, which
vessel is supplied with a gauge for determining the pressure, and also
with a safety valve.

page_text: The gas generator is made by preference egg-shaped, and it is divided
transversely at about the middle of its height by a pierced partition.
Fitting in a central opening in this partition is a disc, which is carried
by a horizontal spindle extending to the outside of the vessel, and
furnished with a crank handle. By turning this handle the disc is
caused to rotate and act as a stirrer or agitator.
The upper part of the gas generator is fitted with a pipe, which
conducts the gas to the lower end of a vertical cooler consisting of a
strong cylindrical or other suitably shaped vessel. This cooler is charged
with iced water, and from near the top of this vessel leads off a pipe to
a gas receiver, somewhat similar in construction to the gas generator,
but of smaller dimensions. The gas as it is generated is run off into the
cooler, where bubbling up through the iced water contained therein its
temperature is reduced to the required degree. From the cooler the
gas passes to the receiver, until a pressure of some five atmospheres is
reached. When this is indicated by the gauge with which the receiver
is fitted the supply is cut off, and it is only renewed from time to time
on the pressure in the receiver shewing a material diminution. The
compressed gas thus stored in the receiver is employed for reducing the
temperature of a fluid to such a degree as will render it a fit medium
for cooling brewers' worts, for freezing water into blocks or slabs of ice,
and for kindred uses.
The gas may be allowed to expand in an attenuated atmosphere and
act directly on the liquid to be cooled or frozen.
In some cases however before permitting the carbonic acid gas to act
upon the freezing medium it is proposed to utilize its expansive pro-
perty as a motive force. To this end the gas receiver is brought into
connection with the valve chest of a motive-power engine, whence it
will be admitted like steam to the working cylinder. The expansion of
the gas alternately at the opposite sides of the piston will maintain the
engine in action, and provide a motive force that may be conveniently
applied to work a double action pump.
The exhaust gas as it leaves the cylinder is conducted to a tank
which contains the liquid constituting the freezing medium, say for
example a solution of chloride of calcium, which will admit of being
reduced to 20° below the freezing point without congelation This tank
is lined with coils of copper pipe, and through the coils the gas in its

page_text: attenuated form is caused to circulate, it being assisted in its passage
by the suction of a force pump. In passing through these coils the gas
will rob the cooling medium of its heat, and maintain it at a state
suitable for cooling or freezing any liquid or solid matters which may be
submitted to its action.
The pump, which serves to draw the gas through the coils in the tank,
will return the gas to the receiver to be used as before. The gas is thus
caused to circulate through the apparatus and any waste that may occur
is made good by fresh supplies from the gas generator.
Dafon un autrain the manizzan tha tamnanatuna of