Improvements in Churns.
Year: 1887

page_text: Date of Application. 26th Nov., 1887
Complete Specification Left. 25th Aug., 1888
Complete Specification Accepted, 28th Sept., 1888
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Churns.
I THOMAS BRADFORD of the Crescent Iron Works Salford in the County of
Lancaster Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
This invention consists principally of a compound lid or cover in the form of a lid
or cover of the size of the ordinary opening of the churn and an auxiliary lid of a
smaller size in combination therewith, and is more especially adapted to churns made
according to the Specification of an invention for which I have applied for Letters
Patent dated March 10th 1887, No. 3619.
The larger lid is employed only when putting the cream or milk into the churn and
also for the removal of the butter therefrom and by the smaller or auxiliary lid or
cover I propose to secure an opening made in the centre or other convenient part of
the larger lid, according to the size of the churn.
This auxiliary lid or cover is used (more especially with the larger sizes of. such
churns) for the purposes of readily examining the state of the cream whilst churning
and for taking samples thereof, as well as for the more convenient insertion of a sieve
through which hot or cold water may be poured into the churn during the churning
or butter making process; and this second or auxiliary lid I further utilize by the
insertion therein of a relief or escape valve for allowing of the escape of any
expanded air or gas as may be required during the operation, especially before
inspection.
propose to secure both the larger and the smaller lid or cover by means of a
hinged bolt (or bolts) fixed to the one part which can be passed into a notch in a
plate fixed in the other part and fastened by means of a winged nut.
Doted this 25th day of November 1887.
GEORGE DAVIES,
4, St. Ann's Square, Manchester,
Agent for the Applicant.

page_text: I THOMAS BRADFORD of the Crescent Iron Works Salford in the County of
Lancaster Engineer do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement :-
:―
This invention consists principally of a compound lid or cover in the form of a lid
or cover of the size of the ordinary opening of the churn, and an auxiliary lid of a
smaller size in combination therewith.
My invention will be readily understood on reference to the sheet of drawings
hereunto annexed, on which, Fig. 1. is a plan and Fig. 2 a sectional elevation of my
improved compound lid or cover. Fig. 3 is a sectional elevation of a detached part
hereafter referred to.
The drawing shows a flat lid fitting on the end of a churn but my invention is
equally applicable to the lids or covers made according to Letters Patent No. 3619
granted to me and dated 10th March 1887.
The larger lid a is employed only when puiting the cream or milk into the churn
and also for the removal of the butter therefrom, and by the smaller or auxiliary lid
or cover propose to secure an opening made in the centre or other convenient
part of the larger lid a according to the size of the churn.
This auxiliary lid or cover bis used (more especially with the larger sizes of such.
churns) for the purposes of readily examining the state of the cream whilst churning,
and for taking samples thereof, as well as for the more convenient insertion of a sieve
through which hot or cold water may be poured into the churn during the churning
or butter making process; and this second or auxiliary lid I further utilize by the
insertion therein of a relief or escape valve c for allowing of the escape of any
expanded air or gas as may be required during the operation, especially before
inspection.
Another advantage of my compound lid is that by removing the part band
substituting another part or draining lid 6×, preferably made as shown at Fig. 3 the
butter-milk can readily be removed or drained from the churn.
I propose to secure both the larger and the smaller lids or covers by means of a
hinged bolt (or bolts) fixed to the one part which can be passed into a notch in a plate
fixed in the other part and fastened by means of a winged nut, as illustrated on
Fig. 5 of the drawing accompanying the Specification of the before named Letters
Patent or I may attach the lid a to the churn by means of metal dog cramps d
provided with thumb screws e and hinged to the body of the churn the said screws e
acting upon a ring fixed on the lid a and provided with a raised bead f', to render
the fastening secure as shown in the drawing annexed hereto.
The smaller lid is fixed to the lid a by similar "dog-cramps "dx thumb screws e*,
and beaded ring, I prefer this means of fastening the lids as they can be secured
in any position without adjustment.

page_text: For the more efficient handling of these lids or covers which for the larger sizes of
churns are heavy, and during the process of butter making &c. require handling in
various positions I provide the part a with two or more long hand rails / so that the
attendant's hands can slide thereon whilst still retaining hold of the same which is
found a great convenience, also when the lid or cover is laid upside down these long
curved handles or rails h serve as feet for the said lid or cover to rest upon.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is :-
A compound or double lid or cover for churns constructed substantially as herein-
before described and illustrated by the annexed drawings.
GEORGE DAVIES,
4, St. Ann's Square, Manchester,
Agent for the Applicant.