IMPROVE- MENTS IN FECAL CLOSETS
Year: 1875

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Conway Scott, of Grovefield, in the County of
Down, in Ireland, Civil Engineer, for the Invention of “IMPROVE-
MENTS IN FECAL CLOSETS."
Sealed the 21st August 1875, and dated the 26th May 1875.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Conway Scott at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
26th May 1875.
I, CONWAY SCOTT, of Grovefield, in the County of Down, in Ireland,
Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN FECAL CLOSETS," to be as follows:-
-
My Invention relates to closets or apparatus employed for the
reception of focal excretions and urinary discharges from the human
body in or about houses, offices, and other buildings, and its object
is to provide conveniences for the reception and removal of such
excretions or discharges, and the preservation of the most fertilizing
constituents thereof for agricultural purposes.
.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Conway Scott in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 25th November 1875.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, CONWAY
SCOTT, of Grovefield, in the County of Down, in Ireland, Civil Engineer,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-sixth day of May, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-five, in the thirty-
eighth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said Conway Scott, Her special licence,
that I, the said Conway Scott, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, or such others as I, the said Conway Scott, my executors,.
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no
others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term

page_text: .
therein expressed, should-and-lawfully might make,-use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN FECAL CLOSETS," upon the condition (amongst others) that. I,
the said Conway Scott, my executors or administrators, by an instru-
ment in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals,
should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Inven-
tion, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause
the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Conway Scott, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in, what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement, reference being had to the accompanying
Sheet of Drawings, and to the letters and figures marked thereon, that
is to say :-
Tho said Invention relates to closets or apparatus to be employed
for the reception of fœcal excretions and urinary discharges from the
› human body in or about houses, offices, and other buildings, and its
object is to provide conveniences for the reception and removal of
such excretions and discharges, and the preservation of the most fer-
tilizing and valuable constituents thereof for agricultural purposes.
The closet or apparatus which I use consists of a chamber, vessel,
5 or receiver constructed of wood, and well saturated or coated both
externally and internally with oil, paint, coal tar, or other matter
or preparation by which the same may be rendered actually or sub-
stantially impervious by or to water or air. The chamber, vessel, or
receiver is furnished with a removable but closely fitted top or lid
) having a flange which passes over the edge of the sides, and it may be
packed with india-rubber, white lead, or other material so as to render
the joint also as far as possible air-tight. Through an elliptical, ovate,
or oblong orifice in such top or lid I introduce a cylindrical or ovate
tube which extends downwards nearly to the bottom of the chamber,
5 vessel, or receiver. The mouth of the tube is expanded, projected, or
elongated into the elliptical, ovate, or oblong form of the orifice in the

page_text: top or lid, and is provided with a flange by which it is fastened to
the under side of the top or lid, and the joint is made air-tight by
packing such as has been herein-before described. The upper edge
of the orifice is dished or bevelled and curved to suit the contour of the
human figure.
The apparatus which I have described is the simplest and cheapest
form of my Invention, and the chamber, vessel, or receiver may bo
made of galvanized iron, zinc, or earthenware, as well as of wood; or
it
may
be constructed out of a small barrel or cask; but I prefer to use
a moveable boxed seat, having the elliptical, ovate, or oblong orifice 1
to which the tube is attached or fastened, placed upon, over, or above,
and secured by bolts or screws and packing, or other air-tight or sub-
stantially air-tight joint to the chamber, vessel, or receiver, the tubo
passing through a corresponding closely fitted perforation in the top
or lid, and down nearly to the bottom of the chamber, vessel, or 1
receiver. With this arrangement it is desirable to have the tube
narrowed or contracted at the lower end of the expanded, projected,
or elongated portion thereof.
For the purpose of ventilating the chamber, vessel, or receiver, and
to preserve an equilibrium of pressure by allowing the enclosed air or 2
gas which shall be displaced by the collected and deposited matters
to escape, I introduce through a small perforation in the top or lid,
or in one of the sides thereof, a pipe or tube which conveys it to
a box of charcoal or other deodorizing substance, or into the open
air.
In order to adapt the chamber, vessel, or receiver to the purposes
also of an urinal, I introduce through a separate perforation in the
top or lid, or in one of the sides thercof, a separate tube having a bell-
shaped mouth, and closely fitted and packed into the last-mentioned
perforation.
2
8
Where the apparatus is required for use in a dwelling house, or other
place in which the seat must necessarily be in an elevated position, I
employ a fixed chamber, vessel, or receiver furnished with a tube or
pipe and top for discharging the collected and deposited matters
periodically into a vehicle for their removal, or communicating by 3
means of a tube or pipe with a chamber, vessel, or receiver provided

page_text: a is the chamber, vessel, or receiver, and b is the flanged top or lid
closely fitted upon the chamber, vessel, or receiver a, and perforated
with an elliptical, ovate, or oblong orifice corresponding with the tube
which is fastened to or passes through said top or lid b; c is a moveable
boxed seat to be set, if desired, upon, over, or above, and secured as
herein-before described to the chamber, vessel, or receiver a; d is the
tube, of small size below, but expanded, projected, or elongated above
so as to comprehend or enclose the orifice of and flanged externally
to be fastened to the top or lid; e is an urinary tube connected with
the chamber, vessel, or receiver a; f is the ventilating pipe or tube
introduced through a suitable perforation in the top or lid, or side of the
chamber, vessel, or receiver a, from which it conveys offensive or
superfluous air or gas to a deodorizing box, or into the open air; g is a
pipe or tube for conveying the excretions and discharges from a fixed
chamber, vessel, or receiver in a dwelling house or upper floor into a
vehicle for removal, or a chamber, vessel, or receiver provided for more
convenient and easy removal; h, a branch of the pipe 9 will serve as a
ventilating pipe; is a step to give access to the seat; m, m, are handles
attached to the chamber, vessel, or receiver, and by means of which
it may be lifted, carried, and emptied.
Having now described the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, I would have it to be understood
that I do not claim the use of chambers, vessels, or receivers, tubes,
seats, pipes, plugs, or boxes, except when the same are constructed
specially and employed as herein described; nor do I claim the use
of any of the separate mechanical or other parts which form the com-
pound fœcal closet or apparatus used by me; but I claim,—
First. The use in fœcal and urinary closets and apparatus of a
chamber, vessel, or receiver constructed and employed substantially
as herein-before described and shewn in the Drawings hereunto
annexed.
•
Secondly. The use in fœcal and urinary closets and apparatus of tubes
constructed and employed substantially as herein-before described and
shewn in the Drawings hereunto annexed.
'
Thirdly. The combination and arrangement of parts constituting the i

page_text: stantially in the manner and for the purposes herein-before described
and illustrated in the several Drawings hereunto annexed.
In witness whereof, I, the said Conway Scott, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Twenty-third day of November, in
the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-
five.
Signed and sealed in
presence of
HUGH HYNDMAN,
of Belfast,
Solicitor.
CONWAY SCOTT. (L.s.)