IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR WEAVING
Year: 1851

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, FREDERICK
WILLIAM MOWBRAY, of the Borough of Leicester, Gentleman, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her present most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by
Her Royal Letters Patent under the Great Seal of the United Kingdom of
Great Britain and Ireland, bearing date at Westminster, the Twenty-fourth
day of March, One thousand eight hundred and fifty-one, in the fourteenth
year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant
unto me, the said Frederick William Mowbray, my exors, adñiors, and
assigns, Her especial licence, full power, sole privilege and authority, that I,
the said Frederick William Mowbray, my exors, adñors, and assigns, or such
others as I, the said Frederick William Mowbray, my exors, adñiors, or assigns,
should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all
times during the term of years therein expressed, should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise, and vend, within England, Wales, and the Town of
Berwick-upon-Tweed, my Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR
WEAVING;" in which said Letters Patent is contained a proviso that I, the
said Frederick William Mowbray, shall cause a particular description of the
nature of my said Invention, and the manner the same is to be performed, to
be inrolled in Her Majesty's High Court of Chancery within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said in part recited Letters
Patent, as in and by the same, reference being thereunto had, will more fully
and at large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the ssid
said
Frederick William Mowbray, do hereby declare that the nature of my

page_text: Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, are fully described
and ascertained in and by the following statement thereof, reference being had
to the Drawings hereunto annexed, and to the figures and letters marked
thereon, that is to say :-
My Invention consists of improvements in the apparatus used when
weaving piled fabrics by what is called cross weaving. And I would at the
outset state, that I am aware that the use of cross weaving for making terry
and cut-pile fabrics has been before proposed, and means have been suggested
for employing such class of weaving for making terry and cut-pile fabrics. I
do not therefore claim the same, my Invention consisting in the application of
certain arrangements of apparatus herein-after described for weaving such
descriptions of fabrics.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Figure 1 shews a front view, and Figure 2 a transverse section of so much
of an ordinary power loom, together with apparatus according to my Invention,
as will enable me to describe the nature of my improvements. The loom is
arranged, if worked without my Invention, to produce plain tabby weavings by
a single warp, but this may be varied, and looms having my improvements
applied thereto may be arranged to produce other classes of weavings. It will
not be necessary to describe the nature of the parts of the power loom shown
further than is necessary to point out the working of the apparatus applied
thereto according to my Invention, neither will it be necessary to describe
the nature and mode of working of the parts of ordinary power looms
not shewn in the Drawings, as the same will be applied and caused to
work as heretofore, and as is well understood; and a chief peculiarity of my
Invention consists of applying a series of guides to carry those warp threads
which are to produce the terry or cut pile on the face of the fabric, which is
otherwise produced by the loom to which my improvements are applied;
and these guides are caused so to work the warp threads which they carry that
they cross them over wires which, though not new in themselves, are improved
in their action by moving on an axis, and by being combined with a comb or
reed, through which the ordinary warp threads pass. a, a, are a series of
guides which are set in leads a' affixed to the bar b, which has necks b' formed
at its ends, by which it is supported in the upper ends of the rods c. The
lower ends of these rods are carried by the ends of the levers d (one on each
side of the loom). These levers d turn upon pins d' projecting from the
framing, as shewn, and they have trucks or rollers de which run upon the
cams affixed on the shaft e, by which arrangement the bar 6 will have an up

page_text: and down motion given to it, in order to the guides a taking the pile warp
threads down below the shed to be tied in by the weft, and again raised
to produce the crossings for the next row of pile; and in order that the pile
threads passing through the guides a may lay their threads successively on one
side and then on the other side of the wires f, to produce the crossing, the
bar b has a sideway movement given to it alternately to the right and then to
the left on the ascent of the guides above the ordinary warp threads. These
movements are accomplished by means of the levers 9, 9, which turn: upon
pins g', carried by the rods c. At the upper ends these levers have screw pins
which press against the ends of the bars 6, and at their lower ends they have
nibs which rest against the peripheries of the wheels g', which are to be so cut
as to give the required sideway movement for the crossing. These wheels 9*
are affixed to axes carried by the bars c, which axes carry ratchet wheels g*.
which, during each upward movement of the bar b, come in contact with the
drivers g', by which the wheels g³ will be. moved, one space, and the bar.6 and
the guides will be shogged thereby. h, h, are connecting rods, one on each side
of the loom, each of which is connected at one end to standards projecting up
from the side of the loom, and at the other end to the upright rods c, so as to
control the rods c, and consequently the bar 6 to move in a vertical plane or
nearly so. The bars c are also guided in their movements by the guides c¹
projecting from the side of the framing. bare steadying plates affixed to
the bar b, and resting in forked pieces b³, projecting from the inside of
the bars c, and to prevent the bar 6 turning on its necks. i are combs
or guides through which the ordinary warp threads pass in order to those
warps being more regularly spaced, thus facilitating the entrance of the
guides a with their pile threads between the warp threads. The combs
or guides i are also the means of sustaining one end of each of the wires f;
whilst the other end of. each of such wires is in the work produced, or
resting on the breast beam. The combs or guides i are affixed to the
bar, which is supported at each end by the arms being connected to the
levers 7, which are actuated so as to give the bar ja rising and falling
motion by means of the cams, also affixed on the axis e. The object of this
movement of the bar b' is to save as much as possible the time of movement
of the bar 6, by lowering that end of each of the wires f just when the shed is
closed for the change (as shewn by Figure 13), and whilst the sideway move-
ment is being given to the bar b. This I consider an important feature of my
Invention. The cam shaft e receives motion in the ordinary manner from the
crank shaft k by means of the toothed wheel k', on that shaft taking into the
toothed wheel e' on the shaft e. Upon the shaft k is affixed the ordinary fast

page_text: pulley, by which it receives motion by a band from a steam engine or other
suitable power. When it is required to produce cut-pile fabric, I employ
cutters such as shewn at l. They consist of discs or circular plates of steel
with knife edges, which are fixed as shewn on the shaft l, and by being
caused to rotate in the open ends of the wires f, cut the loops of the pile as
the fabric comes up to those knives. The shaft has motion given to it from
the shaft k by means of a gut or band & passing partly round the pulley on
that shaft, giving motion to the pulley *, which turns freely upon a stud. or
pin projecting from the framing, and which has affixed to or formed with it
another pulley wheel 15, which by means of the gut or band gives motion to
the pulley affixed to the shaft 1. Figure 3 shows a portion of a front view
and Figure 4 an end view of some of the parts separately, in order to their
construction and mode of working being more clearly understood. Figure 5
shows a front view of some of the circular knives on their spindle, showing
how they are kept at the required distance from each other by washers P.
Figure 6 is a side view of the same. Figures 7 and 8 shew a side view and
an edge view of one of such circular knives. Figures 9 and 10 shew a face
and edge view of a lead of guides or instruments a. Figures 11 and 12
shew a face view and an edge view of a lead of combs i. Figure 14 shows a
section of portion of a loom with a modification of my improvements appliod.
In this case I have shewn two sets of guides or instruments a for laying in
the pile threads, by which arrangement I am enabled with great facility.to
obtain a more dense pile to the fabric. In this arrangement I prefer that
each bar should have for the time being its sideway movement given-to-it in
the opposite direction to that which the other bar for the time being is
receiving, by which a crossing of the loops produced by the working of the
separate bars of instruments will be effected. I have principally shewn this
arrangement for carrying out my Invention as producing terry or uncut pile;
but if it be required to produce cut pile, then an arrangement of cutters such
as I have described will be employed. Figure 15 shews a section of part of
a loom, with another modification of my Invention applied.. In this case the
individual guides or instruments a are capable of being separately acted. upon
oy means of Jacquard or other pattern surface. I have not thought it.neces-
sary to show any arrangement of Jacquard or pattern surface, such apparatus
being well understood and readily applied by any intelligent workman ac
quainted with the working of looms. Figure 16 shews a portion of a front
view and Figure 17 an end view of some of the parts, by which the
variations necessary in carrying out this modification may be readily under-
stood. The guides or instruments a are capable of sliding freely in.

page_text: combs a', a', carried by the bar b, which is worked in like manner to
that bar in the previous arrangements. The mode of working by means
of a Jacquard or other pattern surface is particularly applicable for
making terry or cut-pile surface in pattern; and by the arrangement
shewn the Jacquard or other pattern surface employed will select and
raise out of the way those guides a which a not for the time being to
act to produce pile on the fabric, whilst those which remain down will be
those which will be acting to produce pile on the parts of the surface of the
fabric. The guides or instruments a, when the selection has taken place, will
be held in their positions by means of the locker m, turning into one of the two
recesses a³, in each guide a. The locker m is carried (so as to turn in
bearings m¹) by the bar b, and it has motion given to it by the cam m³ upon
the cam shaft e, such cam acting upon the lever m³, which, by means of the
rod m, acts to turn partly round the toothed wheel m³, which takes into and
gives motion to the pinion me, affixed on the shaft m. The guides or instru-
ments a are all caused to descend to their correct position, as the bar b ascends
by means of the loose bar n resting on the top of the guides or instruments a,
and so soon as the locker m releases them the bar n causes them all to
descend to their lowest position.
Having thus described the nature of my Invention, and the manner of per-
forming the same, I would have it understood that I do not confine myself to
the details as herein shewn and described, so long as any of the peculiarities
of my Invention be retained. But what I claim is, the manufacture of terry
and cut-pile fabrics by employing suitable guides or instruments and appa-
ratus combined therewith to control the movement of the pile threads when
producing pile fabrics by cross weaving.
I also claim the giving to the wires or instruments used when producing
terry and cut-pile fabrics by cross weaving an up and down movement, as
herein explained. And also the mounting of such wires or instruments on
axes.
And I also claim the so arranging apparatus in a loom that the pile of
fabrics woven therein, when the pile is produced from the warp by the cross
weaving, shall be cut by rotatory cutters acting in the ends of the wires or
instruments on which the pile is formed.
In witness whereof, I, the said Frederick William Mowbray, have
hereunto set my hand and seal, this Twenty-fourth day of September,
in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-one.
FRED WILLIAM (L.s.) MOWBRAY.

page_text: AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the Twenty-fourth day of Sep-
tember, in the year of our Lord 1851, the aforesaid Frederick William
Mowbray came before our said Lady the Queen in Her Chancery, and
acknowledged the Specification aforesaid, and all and every thing therein
contained and specified, in form above written. And also the Specification
aforesaid was stamped according to the tenor of the Statute made for that
DUCHOSO