IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS AND ARRANGE- MENTS FOR REGULATING, CONTROLLING, AND ARRESTING THE FLOW OF LIQUIDS AND FLUIDS
Year: 1877

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Joseph John Tylor and William Alfred Tylor, both of
Number 2, Newgate Street, in the City of London, Engineers and Brass-
founders, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS AND ARRANGE-
MENTS FOR REGULATING, CONTROLLING, AND ARRESTING THE FLOW OF LIQUIDS
AND FLUIDS."
Sealed the 18th January 1878, and dated the 16th November 1877.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Joseph John Tylor and
William Alfred Tylor at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 16th
November 1877.
"
JOSEPH JOHN TYLOR and WILLIAM ALFRED TYLOR, both of Number 2, Newgate
Street, in the City of London, Engineers and Brassfounders. IMPROVEMENTS IN
APPARATUS AND ARRANGEMENTS FOR REGULATING, CONTROLLING, AND ARRESTING
THE FLOW OF LIQUIDS AND FLUIDS."
This Invention has for its object improvements in the apparatus and arrange-
ments patented in the year 1874 by Alfred Tylor and Joseph John Tylor in Patent
No. 277, and dated 22nd January in that year (in which a packing or covering of
fibrous or other suitable substance or substances is applied to the plug or part which
opens or closes the waterway or passage for the liquid or fluid, and by means of
which the contact of the two surfaces of the shell or barrel and the plug is pre-
vented, and the wear of the parts thereby reduced), whereby some of the difficulties
found to be attendant thereon are avoided, and a better and more convenient appa-
ratus obtained.
•
In carrying out our improvements on the packed cocks shewn and described in
the said Patent, we arrange the fibrous or non-metallic packing so as to admit of
the same being tightened up against the bearing or rubbing part of the plug, and
so taking up the slackness caused by the wear of the same, which we do, not by
simply compressing the packing from the top or bottom of the grooves, or both, but
by pushing forward the whole length of the packing contained in the grooves,
producing thereby an equal and even pressure against the plug, allowing the
TD 071

page_text: packing to spread into the worn parts, and avoiding the tight rings of packing at
the top and bottom, with a slack space in the middle, which would result from
pressing the packing only at the top or bottom, or both.
To obtain this result we form grooves in the shell of the cock, and place in each
groove before packing the cock a wedge or wedges so arranged as to be acted on by
the part or parts used for setting up or tightening the packing, which, by being
pressed into the grooves, force out the packing against the plug, causing it to
tighten up where the wear has taken place, or evenly throughout the length of the
grooves, and thus prevent any slackness of the same in the middle. This effect may
also be produced by placing a piece or pieces of metal or other suitable material or
materials, or combination of the same, in the grooves between the shell of the cock
and the packing, which, when compressed at the ends, is or are caused to bow or
spring outwards towards the plug, pushing the packing before it or them, and
taking up any wear that may have taken place.
Various other equivalent means may be employed for producing this effect, such
as screws worked from the outside acting against the parts and pressing out the
packing evenly from the top to the bottom of the grooves, causing the packing to
fill up the worn parts, from the less resistance at those parts.
In order to tighten up the packing at the top or bottom, or both, we may use a
plate or plates, or disc or discs, ring or rings, placed above the packing at the top,
and below the packing at the bottom, and inside the plug or cap, closing the upper
or lower openings in the shell under or over where the packing is placed, and apply
a screwed plug, or its equivalent, passing through the top or bottom cap or plug,
which closes the top or bottom of the opening, so that when the cap or plug is
screwed home and has compressed the packing so far as it can, then by turning the
screwed plug or its equivalent, a further compression of the packing may be given,
until the plate or plates, disc or discs, ring or rings have been pushed up or down as
far as they can go, when it will be necessary to replace the packing at those parts;
thus it will be seen that a longer period of use without repacking can be obtained
than where this arrangement is not employed, and any objection caused by the wear
requiring frequent repacking of the cock, tap, or valve thereby removed.
We may also form the grooves so as to obtain a greater depth in the same
without increasing the thickness of the shell or barrel of the tap by causing them to
be formed so as to project beyond the exterior surface of the barrel, leaving the tops
open to permit of each being packed individually, a cap or cover capable of being
easily applied or removed being provided.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said Joseph John Tylor and William Alfred Tylor in the Great Seal
Patent Office on the 16th May 1878.
JOSEPH JOHN TYLOR and WILLIAM ALFRED TYLOR, both of Number 2, Newgate
Street, in the City of London, Engineers and Brassfounders. "IMPROVEMENTS IN
APPARATUS AND ARRANGEMENTS FOR REGULATING, CONTROLLING, AND ARRESTING
THE FLOW OF LIQUIDS AND FLUIDS."
This Invention has for its object improvements in the apparatus and arrange-
ments patented in the year 1874 by Alfred Tylor and Joseph John Tylor in Patent
No. 277, and dated 22nd January in that year (in which a packing or covering of
fibrous or other suitable substance or substances is applied to the plug or part which
opens or closes the waterway or passage for the liquid or fluid, and by means of
which the contact of the two metallic or other surfaces of the shell or barrel and the
plug is prevented, and the wear of the parts thereby reduced), whereby some of the
difficulties found to be attendant thereon are avoided, and a better and more con-
venient apparatus obtained.
In carrying out our improvements in the packed cocks shewn and described in
the said Patent, No. 277 of the year 1874, we arrange the fibrous packing so as to
admit of the same being tightened up against the bearing or rubbing part of the
plug, and so taking up the slackness caused by the wear of the same, which we do,
not by simply compressing the packing from the top or bottom of the grooves (in
which it is placed), or both, but by pushing forward the whole length of the
packing contained in the grooves, producing thereby an equal and even pressure
against the plug, allowing the packing to spread into the worn parts, and avoiding
the tight rings of packing at the top and bottom, with a slack space in the
middle, which would result from pressing the packing only at the top or bottom,
or both.
To obtain this result we form grooves in the shell or barrel of the cock, which
may be tapered from the top to the bottom, or from both ends, to the middle or
nearly so, so as to give a lead to the packing, and place in each groove before
packing the cock a wedge or wedges, or part or parts, arranged so as to be acted on
by the part or parts used for setting up or tightening the packing, which, by being
pressed into the grooves, force out the packing against the plug, causing it to
tighten up where the wear has taken place, or evenly throughout the length of the
grooves, and thus prevent any slackness of the same in the middle. This effect may
also be produced by placing a piece or pieces of metal or other suitable material or
materials, or combination of the same, in the grooves between the shell of the cock
and the packing, which, when compressed at the ends, is or are caused to bow or
spring out towards the plug, pushing the packing before it or them, and taking
up any wear that may have taken place.
Various other equivalent means may be employed for producing this effect, such
as screws worked from the outside acting against the parts and pressing out the
packing evenly from the top to the bottom of the grooves, causing the packing to
fill up the worn parts, from the less resistance at those parts.
In order to tighten up the packing at the top or bottom, or both, we may use a
plate or plates, disc or discs, ring or rings, placed above the packing at the top,
and below the packing at the bottom, and inside the plug or cap, closing the upper
or lower opening in the shell under or over where the packing is placed, and apply
a screwed plug, or its equivalent, passing through the top or bottom cap or plug,
which closes the top or bottom opening, so that when the cap or plug is screwed
home and has compressed the packing as far as it can, then by turning the screwed
plug or its equivalent a further compression of the packing may be given, until the
plate or plates, disc or discs, ring or rings have been pushed up or down as far
as they can go, when it will be necessary to replace the packing at those parts;

page_text: thus it will be seen that a longer period of use without repacking can be obtained
than where this arrangement is not employed, and any objection caused by the wear
* requiring frequent repacking of the cock, tap, or valve thereby removed.
We may also form the grooves so as to obtain a greater depth in the same
without increasing the thickness of the shell or barrel of the tap or cock by causing
them to be formed so as to project beyond the exterior surface of the barrel, leaving
the tops open to permit of each being packed individually, a cap or cover capable of
being easily applied or removed being provided.
Where desired or preferred we may arrange the parts forming the apparatus, so
that a portion of the grooves and packing may be placed in the plug or part con-
trolling or closing the waterway, whilst another portion may be placed or formed
in the shell, and in some cases the groove or grooves and packing may be placed in
the plug, only a suitable modification of the arrangements herein-before described for
tightening or adjusting the packing being employed.
Fig. 1, Sheet 1, shews partly in longitudinal section, and partly in elevation, an
arrangement of our improved mode of packing cocks as herein-before described,
Fig. 2 being a sectional plan; Fig. 3 an end section on the line a', a¹, of Fig. 2; and
Fig. 4, a plan; and Fig. 5 is a longitudinal section of the shell or body of a cock or
tap shewing the grooves in which the packing is placed; and Fig. 6 is a section at
right angles to Fig. 5, similar parts being denoted by similar letters of reference in
all the Figures.
A, A, the shell or body of the cock or tap; B, the plug or part closing or opening
the waterway or passage; C, C, the glands which may also be formed with screws
on their exterior in place of being attached by screws, as shewn; D, D, D, D, the
packing in place in the grooves and other parts, as shown; D¹, D', in Figs. 5 and 6,
shew the arrangement and tapered form of the grooves (the packing being removed)
as herein-before described; E, E, the wedges or moveable parts which force out the
packing as herein-before described; F in Figs. 1 and 2 shews an arrangement for
tightening or slacking the plug or part which opens or closes the waterway or
passage, and enabling a nice adjustment of the parts to be obtained; H, H, shews an
arrangement for actuating the wedges or moveable parts from the exterior of the
shell as herein-before described.
It will be seen on reference to Figs. 1 and 2 that the top and bottom of the plug
or part which opens or closes the waterway or passage, are bevelled, chamfered,
curved, or tapered off, so as to give a lead to the packing, and enable the same to
be more readily forced into the space or part in which it is placed, and thereby
avoid the resistance which would be encountered if the top and bottom were left flat,
the tapered form of the grooves contributing to this result, and the grooves may
also be tapered from the top or bottom, or both, to or about the centre line of the
cock or tap, thereby giving a lead each way in place of being as shewn in Figs. 5
and 6.
It will be seen that on screwing up the top gland C, C, the lower part of the same
comes in contact with the wedges or moveable parts E, E, and so presses them
downwards, and pushes out the packing as herein-before described. If desired the
arrangements shewn in this Sheet may be used with the taper of the same the
reverse way, and the other parts adapted so as to act in conformity with the same.
Fig, J, Sheet 2, shews an elevation; Fig. 2, longitudinal section; Fig. 3, a sectional
plan; and Fig. 4, a longitudinal section of the shell or body of the cock or tap
shewing the interior, and in Fig. 4 the tapered form of the grooves, the packing
being removed, which may be tapered both ways toward the centre line, as herein-
before described, but the wedges or moveable parts for forcing out the packing are
not shewn, though the same or a modification of them may be used; similar parts
are denoted by similar letters of reference to those in Sheet 1.
Figs. 5 and 6 shew the arrangement of flanges in place of screws.
Fig. 1, Sheet 3, represents in vertical section another arrangement of our improved
mode of packing, shewing the moveable metal or other parts which force out the
packing from the pressure at the ends, causing the same to bow or bend outwards

page_text: as herein-before described. In this Drawing a spring is shewn at the bottom of
the plug, which by the pressure of the gland or cap closing the bottom of the shell
or body, causes the plug or part controlling the waterway or passage to be kept in
contact with the packing.
Fig. 2 shews a cock or tap with double tapered grooves, no packing or moveable
parts being shewn.
Fig. 3 is another arrangement shewing the double wedges which force out the
packing as herein-before described, and a spring disc or washer is shewn under the
plug, which performs the same duties as the spring shewn in Fig. 1.
Fig. 4 shews in vertical section a packed draw-off valve or cock with double
seating suitable for use with hot water, steam, or other heated liquids or fluids which
may also be used with a single packed seat.
Fig. 5 shews in vertical section an arrangement of our improved mode of packing
blow-off cocks and stop valves, in which the pressure on the moveable part con-
trolling the outlet aids in maintaining contact and preventing leakage. Across the
bottom of the hollow plug or part we may form or place a bridge or part which is
acted on by the adjustable screw or plug placed in the cap or part closing the
bottom of the shell. We adjust the botton ring of packing around the plug by
means of a screwed ring or gland, or ring or gland without a screw, which may also
act on a ring or part or parts at the back of the packing, and so cause the same to
be pushed forward, and the bridge may be formed as shewn on the ring. If pre-
ferred the plug may be tightened up from the top by means of a screw and nut, or
their equivalent; Fig. 6 is an elevation of the same.
Similar letters of reference denote similar parts in all the Figures.
Fig. 1, Sheet 4, shews in vertical longitudinal section an improved arrangement
of packed cock without a bottom gland, and Fig. 2 is a sectional plan of the same.
It will be seen that the top and bottom, or either or both of them, is or are curved
or tapered off to give a lead to the packing, and the grooves also may be tapered, as
herein-before described. The screw and nut at bottom of Fig. 1 (shewn by dotted
lines), may be used for tightening the plug if desired. Fig. 3 is another arrange-
ment of packed cock or tap shewing the packing applied to the plug only, and
Fig. 4 a sectional plan of the same. By this arrangement we are enabled to make
a smaller cock or tap.proportionately to its waterway at the same time that we
reduce the chances of leakage. Figs. 5 and 6 are an elevation and plan of the same.
Similar parts are denoted by similar letters of reference. This kind of valve, cock,
or tap may be arranged and applied as a bib or draw-off cock, and if preferred may
have the waterway to pass downwards through the plug, or sideways if more
convenient.
The grooves in the cocks or taps, instead of being bounded by straight lines, may
be bounded by concave or convex curves, or a combination of straight lines and
curves, and may be inclined to the right or left of the vertical line, if preferred; or
the waterway or entrance in the shell or plug, or both, may be inclined instead, or
both may be inclined in the same or reverse directions. The position of the grooves
in the shell or plug, or both, may be as shewn, or as convenient or preferred. The
edges of the waterway in the plug, or in the shell, or both, may be chamfered,
rounded, or curved off, so as to prevent tearing the packing in those cases in which
it passed the packing or the packing has to pass it.
The gland cocks may be made without the gland at the bottom, a sufficient
amount of packing being placed at that part for the end of the plug to rest on, and
so keep a tight joint.
Having now described our Invention of improvements in apparatus and arrange-
ments for regulating, controlling, and arresting the flow of liquids and fluids,
and the manner in which the same is to or may be performed or brought into
practical use, we desire to state that we do not confine or limit ourselves to the
precise details shewn in the accompanying four Sheets of Drawings, as the same
may be varied or modified without departing from the nature of our said Invention,
nor do we claim the use of cocks, taps, or valves for regulating, controlling, or

page_text: arresting the flow of liquids and fluids, as such have long been used for this pur-
pose, nor do we claim the use of packed cocks or valves, the packing being
placed in grooves, as the same are not new, nor the use of asbestos as a packing
material, as the same is not novel, nor do we claim any of the parts individually as
new, but what we do claim as of our Invention, and desire to have protected by
Letters Patent is,-
First. The arranging of packed cocks so that the packing in the same and in
the grooves may be set up or tightened at the same time along or over its
whole surface or length, or any portion or part of the same, by means of wedges
or moveable parts against the part required to make a tight joint in place of
being simply compressed at the ends as heretofore, substantially as herein-before
described, illustrated, and specified.
Second. Forming the grooves with a taper or curve from top to bottom, or a
double taper to, or curve or curves towards or about the centre line of the cock
or tap, so as to give a lead to the packing and enable the same to be tightened
more readily and easily, and so that in some cases one gland only may be used,
as herein-before described, illustrated, and specified.
Third. The arrangement of double or single sealed valve, shewn in Figs. 4
and 5, Sheet 3, and herein-before described.
Fourth. The arrangements of packed shell and plugs in cocks and taps, shewn
in the accompanying four Sheets of Drawings, and as herein-before described
and specified.
In witness whereof, we, the said Joseph John Tylor and William Alfred
Tylor, have hereunto set our hands and seals, this Sixteenth day of
May, One thousand eight hundred and seventy-eight.
JOSEPH JOHN TYLOR.
(L.S.)
WILLIAM ALFRED TYLOR. (L.S.)