Improvements in Printing Telegraphs.
Year: 1899

page_text: Date of Application, 12th May, 1899-Accepted, 16th Sept., 1899
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION..
Improvements in Printing Telegraphs.
We, Dr. LUIGI CEREBOTANI, of No. 63, Sendlingerstrasse, in the City of
Munich, in the Kingdom of Bavaria, Professor, and ALBERT SILBERMANN, of
No. 74, Blumenstrasse, in the City of Berlin, in the Kingdom of Prussia, Manu-
facturer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement:-
The subject of the present invention is a printing telegraph for use in local
and suburban communication and in telegraphing over short distances generally,
where a synchronous movement of the wheels at the two terminal stations is
not necessary.
The transmitter consists of a suitable form of keyboard, which when one of the
keys is depressed transmits a number of current impulses which have the effect
of adjusting the corresponding letter, another impulse of current in the opposite
direction following and printing the letter, so that in transmitting a telegram it
is only necessary to depress one key after the other.
The receiver consists of an apparatus of novel construction and comprises
essentially a shaft, rotated by clockwork, having mounted fast
escapement wheel and a coupling wheel; and mounted loosely upon it a sleeve
upon it an
with coupling wheel, controlling discs or wheels, feed device for the paper riband,
and printing wheel mounted fast upon it, of such construction that on depressing
a key of the transmitter, the following effects are produced at the receiver:
1. The paper is fed forward;
2. The letter is adjusted;
3. The letter is printed;
4. The circuit of a local circuit containing the magnet is made, effecting the
coupling of the main shaft and sliding sleeve;
5. The uncoupling is effected;
6. The circuit is broken; and
7. The shaft and sleeve are coupled through a second circuit, containing the
electromagnet which effects the coupling, being made.
The new apparatus is shown on the accompanying drawing.
Fig. 1 is a plan view,
Fig. 2 a vertical section on the line ww, Fig. 1,
Fig. 3 an end elevation,
Fig. 4 a detail view showing a side elevation of the escapement wheel (a).
Fig. 5 is a like view of the coupling wheel (c).
Fig. 6 is a like view of the feed device (w).
Fig. 7 is a diagrammatic view showing the arrangement of the circuits.
Figs. 8 to 12 are detail views showing the position of the parts, before, during
nd after printing of the letter.
AA are two uprights in which is mounted the shaft x, driven by clockwork B.
On the shaft x are rigidly mounted the …..baal

page_text: mounted on a short spindle f (Fig. 2). This escapement moves between two
electromagnets 1) D¹, and according to the induction of the one or other of the
latter, is attracted to such magnet, so that the anchor escapement oscillates to
and fro. In this manner one or other of the pallets g¹ (Fig. 4) engages in the
teeth of the wheel a, which is thus rotated through a tooth at a time.
In Fig. 1 an electromagnet D¹, influenced by a local circuit is shown, but
instead of this a spring could also be used. By this means the shaft is always
rotated in the same direction by the currents which pass through one or other
of the electromagnets D, D¹.
The wheel which as above described, is. likewise rigidly mounted on the
shaft X, has only the purpose of effecting a rigid connection or coupling between
the shaft and sleeve s. By this device the shaft can thus be caused to
rotate the wheels c m nv T, mounted on the sleeve s. The wheel c is provided
laterally with a pin y, which, when the sleeve s is pushed forwards, engages
between two. teeth of the wheel b, or in corresponding holes near the cir-
cumference, and so effects the coupling.
The reciprocating motion of the sleeves is effected by the lever h, pivotally
One end h² of
mounted at h¹, so as to move horizontally about its fulcrum.
this lever is forked, whilst the other end is provided with an armature, lying
between two small electromagnets E E. The fork h2 embraces the sleeves,
and lies between the discs m and. n. Thus according as the end h² presses
against one.or.other of the discs m or n (i.e. according as the magnet E¹ or E
is excited), the sleeves is displaced, and the shaft and sleeves are coupled
or uncoupled respectively.
Of the other, two wheels v and T rigidly mounted on the sleeves, the wheel v.
is for the purpose of feeding forward the paper riband as the sleeve commences
to turn. As shown in Fig. 6 it is provided with a depression or notch v¹ which
only comes into action as the paper riband is to be fed forward.
The wheel T is the so-called printing wheel, and effects the adjustment of
the type faces by. the intermittent movement of the escapement wheel a.
The operation of the apparatus is as follows:-
The two electromagnets .D 1) are in the same circuit, the one D¹, however,
has also a second winding connected up in a local circuit, so that the total effect
is polarised. If there is no line current, the local current acts (i.e. the magnetic
As a
action of the electromagnet D', which is in the local circuit is. exerted.)
consequence its armature attracts the escapement until there is a contrary influ-
ence, which causes the attraction of the electromagnet D to predominate.. This
latter action occurs when the line current passes, having a direction opposite, to
that of the local current. Thus, on the contrary, if the line current has the
same direction, the anchor escapement remains attracted to the electromagnet Di
From this arrangement it follows that:-
1. Every line current impulse does not operate the escapement wheel
only either positive or negative currents have such.effect; and.
a,
but
2. The frequency of the oscillations of the escapement is much greater and
more certain than in the case of an opposing effect exercised by a spring..
It is obvious from this arrangement that the revolution of the shaft a, .and
thus of the whole system of wheels, can only result from one kind of line current
impulses, e.g. from positive current.impulses.
If, on the contrary, a current impulse of another kind passes, the shaft r
remains unmoved. This second kind, however, excites another electromagnet,
viz. that one which effects the printing of the letters.
The coupling and uncoupling of the sleeve s with its wheel system is effected,
as above mentioned, by the electromagnets E and E¹. These electromagnets are
excited by a small local current in such manner that either one or other, is in
the circuit (Fig. 7.)
The current which excites one or other of the electromagnets E E comes
from the battery L' B¹ (Fig. 7). The battery R S supplies the closed circuit

page_text: que electromagnet D¹. The battery D2 B2 comes into action through the
operation of the polarised relay p₁r, as often as the current impulse passes,
which causes operation of the electromagnet O.
The line current L, coming from the transmitting station W (Fig. 7) through
5 depression of a key of the board, first passes through the electromagnets D¹ D;
then passes to the polarised relays p r and from here to earth.
The arrows
show the course of the current. From each pole of the local battery L' B¹ are
two wires. The one 1 encircles the electromagnet E and passes to the support k
(Figs. 3 and 7) in such manner that there is a metallic contact only on the
0 surface of the latter. It then passes further, through the part 5, when the latter
presses against k, through the part 6, and then further through the wire 2 back
to the other pole. As is to be seen, the continuation or closing of the circuit
depends upon the part 5 making contact with the part k (cp. Figs. 8, 9, 10
and 11).
The wire 3 passes round the electromagnet El and then to the
5 support d. The current goes from here further through the wheel c (when its
nose or catch-cp. Fig. 5-comes to rest on the part d), and through the wire 4
to the other pole. From this it is clear that the electromagnet El only then
operates if the nose of the wheel c is in contact with the support d.
The nose on the wheel is for the purpose of striking on the arresting
support d (Fig. 5), on the recoil of the system s cv T.
The
When
At the moment when the nose makes contact, the local circuit last referred
to, containing one or other of the small electromagnets E E¹ is closed.
result is the engagement of the whole system with the wheels b.
coupling takes place the circuit is opened. If, now, the line current impulses
which operate on the escapement wheel through the electromagnet I pass, the
whole wheel system will turn in the direction of the arrow (Fig. 5) through
the same number of teeth on the escapement wheel as there are current impulses
which have passed.
In this manner, however, the letter which is to be printed comes opposite to
the paper riband to be pressed against it. If the type is adjusted it can only
be printed when no more current impulses of the first kind pass, but a current
impulse passes in the opposite direction. By means of this impulse--and only
through such the electromagnet 0 operates, which effects the pressing up of the
paper riband and which, as already mentioned, is influenced by a suitable polarised
relay r (Fig. 7.)
If the letter is printed thus, and the armature of the electromagnet O brought
back to the position of rest by the spring, the sleeves and cooperating parts are
mmediately uncoupled and the normal position restored. The sleeve s, on which
he wheels Tv m. nc are rigidly mounted, receives under the action of the
pring (Fig. 1) a rotation opposed to that of the escapement wheel a, and is
inally stopped. From this it is obvious that on uncoupling, the sleeves with
ts wheels will recoil.
:
As already mentioned the uncoupling is effected by means of the electro-
agnets E E. Supposing now that the coupling has been effected, then by
eason of the current impulses which influence the electromagnet D, not only
he escapement wheel a, but also the sleeves and cooperating parts and the
inting wheel T will turn. The required letter will now be opposite the paper
band to be pressed up, which lies on the projection 6 (Figs. 7 and 10). Referring
Figs. 8, 9, 10, 11 and 12, the first shows a side view of the printing wheel
fore being coupled; Figs. 9 and 10 are similar side views at the moment of
inting, and Fig. 11 at the moment when the spring acts; that is when the
mature is pulled down, and Fig. 12 at the moment of the coupling again being
ected:
The arm carrying the rubber pin is resilient, so that it oscillates to
d-fro by the motion of the printing wheel T.
is bent away from the printing wheel and remains in this position, being
In the position shown in Fig. 8,
d by the part 5. If, now, however, the part 5 is raised through the action of

page_text: the electromagnet 0, and will spring back against the printing wheel T,
as shown in Figs. 9 and 10. If, therefore, after the printing, the armature is
drawn back, and the part drawn down, the latter will come in contact with
the surface of the arm k (Fig. 11). As already mentioned, however, the circuit
of the current from the battery L¹ B' (Fig. 7) containing the electromagnet E
will at this moment be closed. This electromagnet, will, therefore, now act, and
draws upon its armature, whereby the uncoupling is effected. Through the
uncoupling, however, the sleeves with cooperating parts will slide along, whereby
the rubber pin is pushed aside. The result of this is that in addition to the
already described recoil of the system s v Tc through the action of the spring i,
the armature of the electromagnet 0, and the piece 5 laterally of the arm k are
drawn further downwards. If, however, the part 5 has fallen from the
surface of k, the current will be interrupted, and the electromagnet E cut out.
Immediately after the interruption at 5, however, another current from the same
battery circuit L B₁, in which E' is included passes through the contact of the
nose piece of the wheel c (Fig. 5) with the support d. Thereupon, by the action
of the electromagnet E, the coupling will again be effected and the position
of the parts according to Fig. 8 restored.
The feed of the paper riband can advantageously be effected by a spring
pawl (Fig. 6) being held against a ratchet wheel z by means of a wheel v.
The feed wheel is provided with a depression or notch ¹, which is always in
the position shown in Fig. 6, as soon and as often as the normal position of the
sleeves, i.e. of the whole system, is taken up, so that if the system s T ve
again commences to turn under the action of this depression and of the pawl,
the wheel z will be turned through a distance of some teeth.
The operations following upon one another and occupying perhaps half a
minute to complete, are as follows:-
At
The magnet E in the circuit L¹ B₁ effects the coupling. In this moment
the position is as in Fig. 8. The electromagnet D is now influenced by the
closed circuit current R S and attracts the armature connected with the escape-
ment wheel a. The inrushing impulses of current-say positive-overcome at
the electromagnet D the magnetic effect of I) reduced by the latter, feed the
paper riband forward and adjust the letter. The minus current following causes
attraction of the armature of the electromagnet 0, i.e. effects printing etc.
this moment the part 5 stands over the part & (Figs. 9 and 10). The spring now
acts and the part falls down upon the part, whereupon the circuit in which Eis,
is closed. The result is that uncoupling takes place, the pin k (Fig. 12) is pushed
aside, the part 5 falls by the side of k, the circuit is thereby broken, and the
systems Tc springs back into the normal position etc. Hereupon, however, the
current of the battery L' B¹ in which E is, now closes again and the coupling is
again effected.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what
we claim is:
A printing telegraph for transmitting messages over short distances, com-
prising a key-board transmitter and a receiver consisting of a shaft (c) driven
by clockwork (B), and having rigidly mounted on it an escapement wheel (a)
engaging with an escapement (9) mounted on a spindle (f) and a toothed or
perforated coupling wheel or disc (b) engaging with a coupling wheel or disc (c)
having a nose or catch engaging with an arresting arm (d), said coupling wheel (c)
being rigidly mounted on a sleeve (s) sliding longitudinally and turning axially
upon said main shaft (r), and carrying rigidly mounted on it a printing wheel (T)
marking a paper riband fed to the wheel (T) by suitable device, such as by a
notched wheel (1) rigidly mounted on said sleeve (s) and cooperating with a
device (p), and a spring (i) acting on the sleeve (s); in combination with an
electromagnet (D) and a similar electromagnet (D¹) or its equivalent, operating

page_text: pement, other electromagnets (E E¹) operating a lever (h), one end
of which (2) engages with two discs (m n) or their equivalent, mounted on said
sleeve (s) and effecting the coupling and uncoupling of the wheels (b, c); an
electromagnet (0) operating an armature device (5, 6) cooperating with a spring
device (kk) engaging with the printing wheel (T) and an arrangement of wires,
batteries and relay (p¹ r) as described and illustrated, all operating substantially
as and for the purposes hereinbefore set forth.
Dated this 12th day of May 1800