Improvements in or relating to Electric Lighting or Heating Apparatus.
Year: 1899

page_text: Date of Application, 28th Nov., 1899
1000
00th Nov
1000
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in or relating to Electric Lighting or Heating
Apparatus.
I, JEAN BOUILLET, of Levallois-Perret (Seine), in the Republic of France,
Electrician, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
all
This invention relates to an improved electric apparatus applicable as
ordinary arc lamp, as a reflecting ceiling lamp or as a heating stove, in which
there is no delicate and complicated mechanism liable to get out of order.
I preferably arrange the carbons horizontally, which allows the same to be
readily and easily inserted in place, assuring illumination without the possibility
of the carbons jamming, and a regular and faultless action.
The mechanism comprises essentially a frame formed by two horizontal plates
connected by columns or rods, which carries the various parts of the device,
consisting of the carbon carriers, the illuminating arrangement and the regu-
lating mechanism. Each carbon carrier consists of a vertical roller mounted in
a bracket fixed at the lower extremity of a vertical rod, carried by the lower plate
of the frame, and two horizontal rollers placed opposite one another and in
advance or between the said vertical rollers. The right hand one of these
horizontal rollers is mounted on the lower extremity of a vertical rod, which passes
freely through the lower plate of the frame and which can receive at its upper
extremity a movement of rotation. The other or left hand horizontal roller is
mounted freely on an elastic rod carried by the lower plate and which tends to
make the two horizontal rollers constantly approach one another. The carbons
are carried by the vertical and horizontal rollers, which are grooved for this
purpose, and are perfectly supported and guided, and if the rods carrying the
horizontal rollers are rotated at the same rate of speed and in reverse direction
to one another it can be understood that these rollers simultaneously moving the
two carbons the same will approach one another in a simple manner in proportion
to their use. The rotation of the horizontal roller arms is governed by the
regulating mechanism which will hereinafter be explained.
The illuminating arrangement comprises a bobbin connected to an insulated
terminal serew and a horizontal lever, pivoted at or near its centre to a fixed
support of the frame, this lever carries at one of its ends an armature for the
bobbin and at its other end is articulated to the rod carrying the left hand vertical
roller, this rod is mounted freely in the lower plate of the frame and can receive
an up and down movement, whilst the other rod carrying the opposite vertical
wheel is rigidly fixed to the said plate.
By this arrangement when the current passes through the bobbin the armature
of the same is attracted and in consequence lifts the rod of the corresponding
vertical roller which has the result of slightly tilting the carbon in a vertical
plane to its line of support and displacing the extremities of the carbons so that
the electric arc can be formed.
The regulating mechanism consists of a bobbin having a movable core articu-

page_text: lated to one end of a horizontal pivoted lever, at the other end of which is a
spring which tends to maintain the core in the lifted position; a ratchet wheel
carried by a bracket mounted on the frame, has on each end of its axle a conical
100thed wheel which transmit the movement of the ratchet wheel to two bevelled
wheels arranged at the upper extremities of the rods carrying the horizontal
carbon rollers. The bobbin is fed with the current by a wire from the illuminat-
ing bobbin. The current after having traversed the illuminating bobbin passes
to a piece mounted on the above mentioned pivoted lever and insulated there-
from and from there by the intermediary of a balanced contact to a terminal
fixed on the upper plate of the apparatus.
In the application of the invention as a reflecting ceiling lamp or as a stove
the carbons are placed on the upper plate of the apparatus. It is is sufficient in
this case to prolong the carbon carrying rods upwards. The carbon carrying rods
on which are fixed the conical wheels and which receive at their upper extremity
the horizontal rollers turn in sockets mounted on the lower plate of the frame.
In the case of the ceiling lamp the body of the mechanism 'rests by means of
its lower plate on a horizontal plate fixed on the interior face of an inverted
reflector or shade which is suspended from the ceiling by means of chains or the
like, by this means all the light of the arc is projected on to the ceiling which
reflects it, lighting the room in a uniform manner, the lamp causing no shadow.
In the case of an electric stove, a circular piece of refractory material rests
upon the upper plate and is provided with two holes for the passage of the
carbons. On its upper border a metallic covering is arranged provided with
indentations or corrugations on which the utensils to be heated are placed. The
lower part of the stove is provided with a metallic base the mechanism being
suitably enclosed. In this construction I can arrange the rheostat mechanism
directly on this base. I can also arrange the resistance in the refractory circular
part, it is sufficient to provide the latter with a carbon block, for example, in
the interior of which is embedded an iron wire, by the passage of the current,
the refractory block is warmed and forms thus a heat recuperator.
Further I can juxtapose a certain number of my apparatus and fix the whole
in the same frame in order to form a heater of longitudinal shape.
Dated this 28th day of November 1899.
HERBERT HADDAN & Co.,
Agents to Applicant.
Improvements in or relating to Electric Lighting or Heating
Apparatus.
I, JEAN BOUILLET, of Levallois-Perret (Seine), in the Republic of France,
Electrician, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement:-
an
This invention relates to an improved electric apparatus applicable as
ordinary arc lamp, as a reflecting ceiling lamp or as a heating stove, in which
there is no delicate and complicated mechanism liable to get out of order.
I preferably arrange the carbons horizontally, which allows the same to be
readily and easily inserted in place, assuring illumination without the possibility
of the carbons jamming, and a regular and faultless action.

page_text: In the accompanying drawings Figs. 1 to 3 represent fully a specimen of
construction of my electric apparatus employed as an ordinary arc lamp.
Fig. 1 is an elevation view of the lamp, taken according to the direction of
the arrow A (Fig. 2).
Fig. 2 is a sectional plan view, the section being made through the line B-B
of Fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is an elevation view of the lamp taken according to the direction of the
arrow C (Fig. 2).
Fig. 4 shows the arrangement of my apparatus applied as a reflecting ceiling
lamp.
Fig. 5 is a sectional elevation of the arrangement of this apparatus applied as
a heating stove.
The regulating mechanism remaining the same in the three applications, I
will describe it with reference to Figs. 1 to 3.
The mechanism comprises essentially a frame formed by two horizontal plates a
and b connected by columns or rods c, which carries the various parts of the
device, consisting of the carbon carriers, the illuminating arrangement and
the regulating mechanism. Each carbon carrier consists of a vertical roller d
mounted in a bracket fixed at the lower extremity of a vertical rod e, and two
horizontal rollers f g placed opposite one another and in advance or between the
said vertical rollers d. The roller f is mounted on the lower extremity of a
vertical rod which passes freely through the lower plate 6 of the frame and
which can receive at its upper extremity a movement of rotation. The other
horizontal roller g is mounted freely on an elastic rod i carried by the lower
plate band which tends to make the two horizontal rollers constantly approach
one another. The carbons are carried by the vertical and horizontal rollers, which
are grooved for this purpose, and are perfectly supported and guided, and if the
rods are rotated at the same rate of speed and in reverse direction to one
another, it can be understood that these rollers simultaneously moving the two
carbons, the same will approach one another in a simple manner in proportion
to their use. The rotation of the rods' h is governed by the regulating mechanism
which will hereinafter be explained.
The illuminating arrangement comprises a bobbin j connected to an insulated
terminal screw and a horizontal lever pivoted at o to a fixed support of the
frame. This lever carries at one of its ends an armature for the bobbin and at
its other end is articulated to the rod e carrying the corresponding roller d; this
rode is mounted freely in the lower plate 6 of the frame and can receive an up
and down movement, whilst the other rod e carrying the opposite vertical roller
is rigidly fixed to the said plate.
By this arrangement when the current passes through the bobbin j the armature
of the same is attracted and in consequence lifts the rod e and the corresponding
vertical roller d which has the result of slightly tilting one of the carbons in a
vertical plane to its line of support and displacing the extremities of the carbons
so that the electric arc can be formed.
'
The regulating mechanism consists of a bobbin m having a movable core n
articulated to one end of a horizontal pivoted pawl lever 7, at the other end of
which is a spring 9 which tends to maintain the core in the lifted position; a
ratchet wheel r carried by a bracket mounted on the frame has on each end of
its axle a conical toothed wheel s which transmits the movement of the ratchet
wheel to two bevelled wheels t arranged at the upper extremities of the rods.h
carrying the horizontal rollers f. The bobbin is fed with the current by a wire
from the illuminating bobbin. This current after having traversed the bobbin m
passes to a piece w mounted on the pivoted pawl lever p and insulated therefrom,
and from there by the intermediary of a balanced contact v to a terminal z fixed
on the upper plate of the apparatus.
The apparatus works as follows:
At the moment of illuminating, that is to say at the moment when the inter-

page_text: rupter which governs the lamp is operated, the current entering by the insulated
terminal traverses the illuminating bobbin j, the insulated carbon carrier h,
the carbon y and the carbon z which were in contact and then passes to the second
terminal through the carbon carriers which are not insulated.
At the going
out of the bobbin ja derivation of the current passes, as herein before described,
to the regulating bobbin m, traverses said bobbin and by the intermediary of a
contact piece returns to the second terminal .
The current which passes through the illuminating bobbin attracts the armature
of the horizontal lever and provokes the tilting of one of the carbons as herein-
before explained,, with an insignificant effort, and consequently the separating
of the ends of the two carbons if they are in contact and renders thus the jamming
quite impossible: the arc is then formed and there can not be any missing.
As the distance between the carbons augments on account of their wear, the
electric resistance augments and the intensity of the derivation current which
traverses the regulating bobbin augments sufficiently to make said bobbin attract
the core n, and this produces a rotation of the ratchet wheel r by means of the
pawl lever p. This rotation is transmitted by the pinions st to the rollers f
which will force the carbons to approach one another. In proportion as the
core n is attracted, the balanced lever continues to rest by its own weight on
the contact piece , and the circuit remains closed until the adjustable projec-
tion of said lever arrives to the upper plate a; at this moment the contact
piece abandons the lever and the circuit is broken; the action of the bobbin m
on the core n ceasing instantaneously, this core is lifted up by the medium of the
spring connected to the lever and the system is in the same position as before,
so that if the carbons are yet too far apart, the same phenomena will recommence
till said carbons are suitably approached one from the other.
v
This regulating mechanism is perfectly sensible and requires a very small effort
to be operated; the gearing transmission and the rigid rods assure also the
indefinite working of the mechanism with a perfect precision and without being
liable of getting out of order.
The adjustable spring allows to find experimentally the intensity of the
current traversing the bobbin m, above which intensity the regulating mechanism
must act to approach the carbons.
In the illuminating arrangement, the effort to be overcome by the bobbin for
the separation of the carbons being very small, said bobbin will need a much
smaller quantity of wire than the illuminating bobbins of the present lamps.
In the application of the invention. as a reflecting ceiling lamp or as a stove
(Figs. 4 and 5) the carbons are placed on the upper plate of the apparatus. It is
sufficient in this case to prolong the carbon carrying rods upwards. The carbon
-carrying rods h on which are fixed the conical wheels and which receive at
their upper extremity the horizontal rollers f, turn in sockets mounted on the
lower plate 6 of the frame.
In the case of the ceiling lamp (Fig. 4) the body of the mechanism rests by
means of its lower plate 6 on the horizontal flange of an angle-iron 1 fixed on the
interior face of an inverted reflector or shade 2 which is suspended from the cei!-
ing by means of chains 3 or the like; by this means all the light of the arc is
projected on the ceiling which reflects it, lighting the room in a uniform manner,
the lamp causing no shadow.
In the case of an electric stove (Fig. 5), a circular piece of refractory material 4
rests upon the upper plate a in any suitable manner and is provided with two
holes for the passage of the carbons. On its upper border a metallic covering 5
is arranged provided with indentations or corrugations on which the utensils to
be heated are placed. The lower part of the stove is provided with a hollow
metallic base 6 which serves as a stand.
Further I can juxtapose a certain number of my apparatus and fix the whole
in the same frame in order to form a heater of longitudinal shape.
In its various applications, my electric apparatus can work with continuous
current or alternate current by the mere changement of the regulating bobbin.

page_text: In the case of alternate current, the carbons having the same diameter and the
two series of rollers 6 being alike, the two carbons will advance at the same time
of the same quantity, so that the lighting focus will be stationary.
In the case of continuous current, the positive carbon being thicker, the rollers
which deplace the positive carbon will act thereon with circumferences of contact
of a greater diameter than the one for the negative carbon, so that the advance-
ment of the carbons will be in proportion with the wear, and this will also give
a lighting focus quite stationary.
The placing of the carbons is extremly simple and the proper position of said
carbons is assured without the necessity of a centering device by means of the
arrangement of the carbon carriers.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is:-
1. An electric are lamp with horizontal carbons comprising essentially carbon
carriers with two horizontal rollers f and a vertical roller d which serve to support
guide and carry along the carbons,-in combination with an illuminating device
composed of an illuminating bobbin ; which attracts a soft iron armature when
the current passes and provokes the lifting up by a rod e of a roller & which carries
one of the carbons y. and forces thus said carbon with a slight effort to balance
vertically which has the result of separating the extremities of the two carbons
and enables the electric arc to be formed, in combination with a simple and
solid regulating mechanism composed of a regulating bobbin m through which
passes the derivation current of the illuminating bobbin and which attracts a
core n when the carbons get too far apart and cause the electric current to increase
sufficiently, which has the result of making the ratchet wheel r rotate partially
and to a known and adjustable extent, said ratchet wheel transmitting its delayed
movement by means of two pairs conical wheels st to the vertical rigid rods h
on which are mounted at their lower ends one of the guiding and supporting
carbon rollers and forcing thus said carbons to approach one another though the
lighting focus is maintained stationary, substantially as herein before described.
2. An electric arc lamp with a device for regulating the advancement of the
carbons composed of a balanced lever v having on one end an adjustable peg ¹
which limits its movement and resting on the other end by its weight upon an
isolated piece u connected to the wire of the bobbin m and supported by the pawl
lever I' which governs by means of the ratchet wheel r and the transmission's th
the approaching of the carbons one to the other, so that by the balancing of the
lever connected to the core of the bobbin, the ratchet wheel turns until the
adjustable peg comes to contact with the upper plate a substantially as and
for the purpose hereinbefore set forth.
3. An electric arc lamp with horizontal carbons, arranged as reflecting ceiling
lamp comprising carbon carriers with two horizontal rollers f and a vertical
roller d, in combination with an illuminating device composed of an illuminating
bobbin which attracts a soft iron armature and causes the tilting of one of
the carbons y and the separating of the extremities of both carbons, in combina-
tion with a regulating mechanism composed of a regulating bobbin m which
attracts a core n when the carbons get too far apart which has the result of making
a ratchet wheel r rotate to a known and adjustable extent and causes the carbons
to suitably approach one another by means of the transmission sth,-in com-
bination with an inverted reflector or shade 2 on the interior face of which is
fixed by means of an angle iron 1 the frame which carries the mechanism of the
lamp, said reflector being suspended from the ceiling by means of chains 3 or
the like, substantially as and for the purpose herein before set forth.
4. An electric arc lamp arranged as an electric heating stove comprising carbon
carriers with two horizontal rollers f and a vertical roller d, in combination with
an illuminating device composed of an illuminating bobbin j which attracts a

page_text: soft iron armature and causes the tilting of one of the carbons y and the
separating of the extremities of both carbons,-in combination with a regulating
mechanism composed of a regulating bobbin m which attracts a core n when the
carbons get too far apart, which has the result of making a ratchet wheel r rotate
to a known and adjustable extent and causes the carbons to suitably approach one
another by means of the transmission sth,-in combination with a hollow
metallic base 6 on which rests the whole mechanism and which serves as a stand
for the stove,-in combination with a circular piece of refractory material 4
which rests upon the upper plate a of the frame of the arc lamp,-the said
piece 4 being provided with two holes diametrically opposite one another for the
passage of the carbons, in combination with a metallic covering 5 arranged on
the upper edge of the refractory piece 4 and on which the utensils to be heated
are placed, substantially as and for the purpose herein before set forth.
Dated this 90th dor of August 1900
HERBERT HADDAN & Co.,
Agents to Applicant,
18, Buckingham Street, Strand, W.C., London.
HERBERT HADDAN & Co.,
Agents to Applicant,
18, Buckingham Street, Strand, W.C., London.