IMPROVEMENTS IN PULVERIZING APPARATUS
Year: 1885

page_text: We, WILLIAM ADOLPH KONEMAN and HIRAM HENRY SCOVILLE, Citizens of the
United States of America, residing in Chicago in Illinois one of said United States
Engineers, do hereby declare the nature of our Invention for IMPROVEMENTS IN
PULVERIZING APPARATUS, and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement
-
The object of our invention is to provide an apparatus which will pulverize hard
or brittle substances to any degree of fineness required, by means of one or more
conical rolls independently revolved above a rotating bed plate, without the
necessity of screening the pulverized material before its final discharge from the
machine
The further object of our invention 18, to provide an apparatus in which a conical
roll or rolls independently revolved, and a bed plate, can be so adjusted as to force
a gradual granular reduction to powder or pulp of the material operated upon,
without grinding or lamination of the metal.
The further object of our invention 18, to provide an apparatus which will
pulverize substances by means of a conical roll or rolls independently revolved, and
a rotating bed plate relatively adjustable, that such substances may be pulverized
dry or wet by adding water or liquid substances.
The further object of our invention 18, to provide an apparatus in which a
pulverizing roll or rolls rotating upon a bed plate are fed and supplied with
material from the center, and in which the too rapid moving of such material
towards the periphery of the bed plate is checked and adjusted
The further object of our invention is, to provide an apparatus which will reduce
gold and silver bearing ores to powder by means of a revolving conical roll or rolls
and a rotating bed plate, and which will amalgamate the precious metals before the
final discharge of the ore bearing powder
Figure 1 represents a front elevation of the machine, partly drawn in perspective
and partly in vertical section
Figure 2 represents the construction of the outer bearing of one conical crushing
roll
roll
Figure 3 represents the construction of the inner bearing of one conical crushing

page_text: Figure 4 represents a plan of the machine partly shown in section taken through
planes kk and 7 in Figure 1
Figure 5 shows a vertical section through one conical roll, one-half of inner
hopper shell and one-half of bed plate, drawn to double scale
Figure 6 shows a perspective view of one set of retarding guards for regulating
the feed between the rolls, drawn to double scale
Figure 7 shows a section, and partly in perspective, of amalgamating trough and
centripetal tailing discharge, drawn to double scale
Referring to the drawings, the parts marked A in Fig 1 represent the frame of
the machine, which may be made in any desired shape or of any material
warranting sufficient strength-we preferably use iron A is a platform covering
a portion of the machine horizontally above the walls B is the step or support in
which shaft or axle C rotates, and it forms a connecting member of the frame A,
resting upon and firmly supported by the foundation of frame A C is the main
shaft or axle, which we prefer to cast hollow in order to give additional strength
D is the spider, which is firmly keyed or fastened to shaft C The extended radial
arms of said spider support and carry the crushing plate F E is a plate of soft
metal fistened to said spider D, and interposed between the spider and the main
crushing plate F F are rollers mounted upon frame A, to support the crushing
bed at the points where it passes under the crushing rollers G is a central filling
of cheap material, preferably wood covered with sheet iron, to prevent the material
from passing down through the table H is the main driving gear wheel keyed
firmly to main shaft or axle C Five of the pinions marked I are rotated by gear
wheel H and are keyed to axles J Axles J rotate pulleys L One of the axles J,
with its pulley L and pinion I, are rotated by the main driving or power pulley M.
KK are the journals and supports for axles J, and are firmly fastened to frame A
N is an angular frame which surrounds the main shaft or axle C, and is firmly held
and supported by braces from the frame A in such a manner that it becomes a part
of the trame The inner bearings of the rollers are attached to and supported by
said frame N It reaches down to within say 3 inches of the bed plate, and is
provided with gates O, for the free discharge of material N' is an inner hopper
shell of light iron and provided with receiving funnels N° The inner bearings for
conical roll axles R, marked P and shown enlarged in Figure 3, are supported by
suspending bolts, and slide in hopper frame N These bearings are so constructed
that by turning nuts P¹ on the ends of suspending bolts the bearing may be raised
or lowered, thereby raising the roller farther from or letting it down nearer to the
bed plate, according to the fineness of powder desired Screw P regulates the
pressure of spring P³ The object of spring P³ is to keep the roller down to its
adjusted height under ordinary working pressure, but to allow the roller to raise,
should articles of unusual hardness, such as iron or steel, be fed or thrown into the
machine, thereby saving breakage should such an accident occur The outer
bearings for conical roll axles R, marked P and shown enlarged in Fig 2, are
constructed like inner bearings P, and are supported by and slide in the upright
supports of frame A. Roller axles R extend outside of and through the outer
bearings P, sufficient to allow pulleys T to be keyed to them Pulleys T are
connected by belt with upper pulleys L, which receive motion from the gearing H
By this means motion is communicated to the conical rolls S positively, and
independently of the motion of the rotating table, and the working strains are
divided between the bed bearings and the roller bearings. These conical rolls S, of
which a number corresponding with the capacity of machine desired are used, may
each be constructed of one or more pieces or narrow rolls, so many as may be
required to give the desired length of roll, and they may each be made solid, or,
with removable crushing shells over a solid core, which method we prefer-and for
grinding grain or other substances of slight resistance, the rolls as well as the bed
plate may be constructed of stone. For general use we prefer to construct each

page_text: roller with a roller core S', which is firmly fastened to roller axle R, and with
crushing shell S2, which fits over and is firmly fastened to roller core S'
The retarding guards, marked U, (one set of which 18 marked in perspective in
Fig 6,) are suspended from platform A¹, and are so constructed that they may be
readily adjusted They may be made of any desired shape and of solid or
perforated substances, they serve to retard the too rapid outward movement of the
material being pulverized V represents the supporting bracket irons for trough W,
these supports are fastened to spider D The trough W resting in and fastened to
supports V opposite but below the edge of the table F, receives by centripetal
action the matter discharged from said table Line 3-4, in Fig 7, is the line of
tailing discharge The overflow from the trough W is from its inner edge into the
stationary trough Q, which may be any shape and built of any suitable material,
and so constructed as to discharge at one or more points The centripetal
discharging trough W serves to amalgamate the precious metals, when they are
present in a free state, in ores which are being pulverized, for which purpose a
quantity of mercury is placed in the trough, but the trough is dispensed with when
amalgamation is not desired
The crushing bed F is depressed at its inner edge so that for a distance outward
from said edge the roll does not conform to the surface of the bed F This
deflection of the bed plate at the head of the roll is say three-eighths (g) of an inch,
and it decreases to nothing at a point nearer the periphery of the bed plate.
Centripetal force will cause each lump of ore to move toward the periphery of the
bed, and they will pass freely under the roll until a point is reached where the clear
space under the roll is less than the diameter of the lump, when it will be nipped
gently and reduced in size Its reduction will then commence and will continue
gradually until its final discharge. The deflection referred to 18 shown in Fig. 5
between the points 8 and 9
The operation of the machine on, say ore carrying free gold is as follows.
After the machine is set in motion, by applying power to the driving pulley M,
thus rotating the bed plate F and conical rolls S on their axles, the ore, which has
been previously reduced to a size of one-half inch, more or less, by means of an ore
crusher, is fed into hopper N¹ through funnels N³, and a jet of water may be
injected into the hopper as well, if a wet pulp 18 desired, or if the gold 18 to be
amalgamated in the trough The ore falls on the rotating bed plate F and is at
once distributed to the head of the rollers S by passing between the lower edge of
hopper N and bed plate F, and by passing also through hopper gates O The first
retarding guard U prevents the ore passing outward any farther than the point of
its position, but forces the ore to pass under the rolls, it being delivered to the rolls
by the rotating bed plate, the retarding guards, from the nature of their position,
force each particle to pass under the rolls repeatedly, and prevent it from leaving
the machine until reduced to a aze corresponding with the space between the bed
plate and rolls at the periphery of the plate The superficial increase on the bed
plate surface, from its center towards its periphery, furnishes spreading room to the
ore particles in the ratio of their reduction When the reduced ore particles reach
the edge of the bed plate, they are hurled in a tangent line (1-2 in Fig 7) into
trough W, and are thrown against the body of mercury which has been placed in
said trough
The mercury, having a much greater specifio gravity than the ore
powder, banks up against the wall of trough W in a manner similar to line 5-6 in
Figure 7
The ore powder is forced backwards or centripetally over the inner edge of the
trough by means of a water current introduced in any desired manner, and ores
having a great tendency to cling or pack may be loosened by means of one or more
scrapers or stirreis introduced into the trough W When the ore and water leave
trough W (in the line 3-4 Fig 7) they are delivered into receiving trough Q,
whence they are discharged in any desired manner, When dry pulverizing 18

page_text: desired, the trough W is dispensed with, the machine is enclosed with a casing,
and the fine powder or particles are removed as fast as formed by a suction fan.
We prefer to give the bed plate a downward pitch from its center to the
periphery, in accordance with the pitch of the rolls, in order to secure a horizontal
axle for the conical rolls
Heretofore when a revolving bed plate has been employed, the revolution of the
rolls has been derived by contact with said bed plate, and when a stationary bed
plate has been employed and the rolls carried over the surface thereof, the
revolution of the rolls on their own axis has also been derived from contact with
the bed plate We apply an independent power to revolve the rolls, and thereby
may cause them to revolve at the same or a different surface speed from the bed
plate, and may exert a grinding as well as a crushing force
In order to keep the roller axles as nearly horizontal as possible when gradual
reduction is desired, we make the bed plate in such a manner that its face has
contact with and 18 parallel to the face of the rolls for a greater or less distance
from the periphery of the plate towards its center, as shown by line 7-8 in Fig 5,
then to deflect, drop or sink the face of the bed plate from point 8 to the inner end
or head of the rolls, as shown by line 8-9 in Fig 5 This deflection 18 greater or
less according to the size of the material to be gradually reduced.
We do not claim a pulverizing process by means of any bed plate and rolls, when
the rolls revolve on the bed plate at or near its periphery and have faces parallel
to their axles, or where a screw or metal wall surrounds and is fastened to the bed
plate, or where rolls having a parallel face are rotated in a trough on the periphery
of a bed plate, and are rotated by arms fastened to the driving shaft-numerous
devices embodying these principles being in use
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what
we claim is
1 The combination in a pulverizing apparatus, of a surrounding frame A, step B
resting upon the foundation of frame A and secured to said frame, vertical shaft or
axle C rotating in and supported by step B and held in its vertical position by a
top bearing also supported by the frame A, driving wheel or gear H fastened to
vertical shaft or axle C, and in engagement therewith a driving pinion, the
spider D fastened to axle C, and bed plate F fastened to spider D, a series of conical
rolls and means for imparting to them independent and positive rotation, substan-
tially as and for the purpose set forth
2 The combination in a pulverizing apparatus of frame A, hopper frame N
firmly held suspended by frame A, inner and outer bearings P supported by
frame A, roller axles R rotating in bearings P, conical rolls S held by axles R, bed
plate F, and mechanism for revolving said rollers independently of said bed plate,
substantially as and for the purpose set forth
3 The combination in a pulverizing apparatus, of frame A, bed plate F with
deflection in said bed plate as shown and described, and rollers S rotating on bed
plate F, substantially as set forth
4 The combination in a pulverizing apparatus, of a rotating bed plate F,
independently rotating conical rolls S and retarding guards U adjusted between
conical rolls S and held suspended from floor A' in stationary position on the
rotating bed plate, substantially as and for the purpose set forth
5. The combination in a pulverizing apparatus of bed plate F, rotating rolls S,
1oller axles R, bearings P, adjusting rods and screws P¹ and P for raising and
lowering roller axles R and springs P³ on bearings P, substantially as and for the
purposes set forth
6 The combination in a pulverizing apparatus of frame A, bed plate F, rotating
rolls S, roller axles R, bearings P, pulleys T fastened to axles R and power
connection with pulleys T, substantially as and for the purpose set forth

page_text: 7 The combination in a pulverizing apparatus of frame A, shaft C, spider D, bed
plate F, rollers S, trough supporting brackets V fastened to spider D, and centri-
petally discharging trough W supported by and resting in supporting brackets, V,
substantially as and for the purposes set forth
Apra
EDWARD W. FURRELL (M Inst M.E) & BROTHER,
London Agents,
Bank Buildings, 124, Chancery Lane