IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CERTAIN DESCRIPTIONS OP CARPETS
Year: 1852

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, ALEXANDER
JOHNSTON WARDEN, of Dundee, in the County of Forfar, Scotland, Manu-
facturer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her present most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Royal Letters Patent under the Great Seal of the United Kingdom of Great
Britain, bearing date at Westminster, the Twenty-fourth day of June,
Eighteen hundred and fifty-two years, in the sixteenth year of Her reign,
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said
Alexander Johnston Warden, my exors, admors, and assigns, Her especial
licence, full power, sole privilege and authority, that I, the said Alexander
Johnston Warden, my exors, adiñors, and assigns, or such others as I, the
said Alexander Johnstone Warden, my exors, admors, and assigns, should
at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at a times
during the term of years therein expressed, should and lawfully might make,
use, exercise, and vend, within England, Wales, and the Town of Berwick-
upon-Tweed, and the Islands of Guernsey, Jersey, Alderney, Sark, and Man,
and also in all Her said Majesty's Colonies and Plantations abroad, my
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CERTAIN DESCRIPTIONS
OP CARPETS;" in which said Letters Patent is contained a proviso that I,
the said Alexander Johnston Warden, shall cause a particular description of
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, by an instrument in writing under my hand and scal, to be enrolled.

page_text: in Her said Majesty's High Court of Chancery within six calendar months
next and immediately after the date of the said in part recited Letters
Patent, as in and by the same, reference being thereunto had, will more fully
and at large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
Alexander Johnston Warden, do hereby declare that the nature of my
Invention, and the manner in which the same is to be performed, are par-
ticularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement thereof,
that is to say:-
My Invention of "Improvements in the manufacture of certain descriptions
of carpets" consists in employing or using therein " jute" or "jute hemp"
(corchorous capsularis) in place of some of the materials hitherto employed
or used in such manufacture, and such my Invention is applicable to the
manufacture of Brussels carpets, velvet pile carpets, and a kind of carpet in
imitation of Kidderminster, Venetian, and Scotch carpets. In the manufacture
of all these several kinds of carpets I employ or use ". jute" or "jute hemp"
in place of some of the materials heretofore employed or used therein. In the
formation or manufacture of Brussels and velvet pile carpets the "jute" or "jute
hemp" may be employed or used in the form of a yarn spun in the ordinary way,
and without any unusual preparation, or it may be bleached or prepared before
being spun or reduced to yarn. It may also be employed or used in the
manufacture of such carpets, whether the pattern be required to be produced
thereon by means of printing either the yarns to be woven or the surface of
the woven fabric, or by means of ornamental weaving. In the manufacture
of Brussels carpets and velvet pile carpets the carpet is to be made in the
usual manner, except that instead of employing or using worsted or cotton to
produce the pile or raised surface of the fabric, I employ or use "jute" or
'jute hemp" for the same purpose. And also in the manufacture of the
other descriptions of carpets to which my Invention is applicable, instead of
employing or using the same materials as heretofore, I employ or use "jute"
or "jute hemp," or a combination of this material with other materials
heretofore in use, and print by hand or by machinery a pattern or design on
the fabric after being woven. When the "jute" or jute hemp" is required
to be bleached or prepared before being spun or reduced to yarn, such process
of preparation is conducted as follows:-It is first washed with cold water,
then boiled in a solution of caustic soda ash or potash and lime ley for
about four hours, then washed in cold water, then boffed again in soda ash or
potash for about three hours, then washed and steeped in a solution of weak
chloride of lime at a heat of about 120° of Fahrenheit. It is afterwards

page_text: soured in weak muriatic acid or oxymuriatic acid for the space of about one
hour, then washed and dried. The "jute" or "jute hemp" thus prepared is
then hackled and spun or reduced to yarn of the requisite size in the usual
manner. The yarn so prepared and spun is then ready to be employed or used
in the manufacture of the above-mentioned descriptions of carpets. In the
manufacture of Brussels carpets and velvet pile carpets this yarn is employed
or used for producing the pile or the ribbed face of the carpets. When the
"jute" or "jute hemp" is required to be bleached after being spun or reduced
to yarn, the process is as follows:-The yarn is to be steeped for about two
hours in weak chloride of lime at 120° degrees of heat, then washed in cold
water, then steeped for about four hours in a solution of potash or soda ash
and lime ley at the boiling heat, the yarn is afterwards washed and steeped in
weak muriatic acid or oxymuriatic acid for the space of about one hour, and
ultimately washed and dried, when it is ready for use. The yarn of "jute" or
jute hemp" so prepared is then employed or used to form the pile or raised
surface of Brussels carpets and velvet pile carpets, the pattern being produced
on the surface either by ornamental weaving in the usual manner or by
printing either by hand or by machinery. In the case of the pattern being
produced by printing it may be so produced either upon the warp of "jute" or
'jute hemp," or upon the fabric or carpet woven with a plain surface to
receive a pattern upon it. The warp of "jute" or "jute hemp" may also be
used either of its natural color or dyed of any other color. When the pattern
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has been produced on Brussels carpets and velvet pile carpets by means of
printing on the raised surface of the fabric, the fabric or carpet is made to
undergo the process of steaming for the purpose of brightening and fastening
the colors. In the manufacture of the other descriptions of carpets herein-
before mentioned the warp and weft are composed either wholly or partly of
yarn made from "jute" or "jute hemp," and may be woven so as to produce
a fabric or carpet with either a plain or a tweeled surface in the ordinary
manner. The yarn is dyed before being warped, and warped in such a
manner as to arrange and combine the shades of color required for the
pattern desired, it is then wefted with yarn dyed of the proper colors to
produce the desired effect. The surface of the woven fabric is afterwards
printed, either by hand or by machinery, in such a manner as to complete the
formation of the pattern or design required to appear thereon in the finished
carpet. The woven fabric or carpet so printed is made to undergo the process
of steaming in order to fasten and brighten the colors.
Having thus described the nature of my Invention, and the manner in
which the same is to be performed, I would have it understood that I do not

page_text: claim as of my Invention any of the known inodes of weaving or printed
carpets made of the ordinary materials. But what I do claim is,-
First, the process of bleaching or preparing "jute" or "jute hemp"
(corchorus capsularis), whether before or after being spun or reduced to yarn,
and its employment or use in the manufacture of Brussels carpets and velvet
pile carpets as described, and also the printing of a pattern or design
thereon.
Secondly, the formation or manufacture of the other descriptions of carpets
herein-before mentioned, wherein the warp and weft are composed either
wholly or partly of "jute" or "jute hemp," and the pattern or design is
produced by a combination of weaving and printing as described. Also the
printing of a pattern or design on carpets, so composed of "jute" or
jute hemp."
In witness whereof, I, the said Alexander Johnston Warden, have
hereunto set my hand and seal, this Twenty-ninth day of November,
in the year One thousand eight hundred and fifty-two.
ALEX. J. (L.s.) WARDEN.
AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the Twenty-ninth day of November,
in the year of our Lord 1852, the aforesaid Alexander Johnston Warden
came before our said Lady the Queen in Her Chancery, and acknowledged
the Specification aforesaid, and all and every thing therein contained and
specified, in form above written. And also the Specification aforesaid was
stamped according to the tenor of the Statute made for that purpose.
Enrolled the Fifteenth day of December, in the year of our Lord One