IMPROVEMENTS IN HORSE HOES, PUG MILLS, DRILLING AND THRASHING MACHINERY, AND IN STEAM ENGINES AND BOILERS FOR AGRICULTURAL PURPOSES." DISCLAIMER
Year: 1849

page_text: LUICHA.
Leiston
Works, near Saxmundham, in the County of Suffolk, Agricultural
Implement Maker, for "IMPROVEMENTS IN HORSE HOES, PUG MILLS,
DRILLING AND THRASHING MACHINERY, AND IN STEAM ENGINES AND
BOILERS FOR AGRICULTURAL PURPOSES."
DISCLAIMER propose to be entered by the said Richard Garrett, with the
Clerk of the Patents in England, pursuant to an Act passed in the fifth
and sixth years of the reign of His late Majesty King William the Fourth,
intituled an Act to amend the Law touching Letters Patent for
Inventions.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, RICHARD
GARRETT, of Leiston Works, near Saxmundham, in the County of Suffolk,
Agricultural Implement Maker, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her present most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Royal Letters Patent, under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date at
Westminster, the Seventh day of July, in the thirteenth year of Her reign,
Hid, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said
Richard. Garrett, Her especial license, full power, sole privilege and authority,
hat I, the said Richard Garrett, my exors, adiñors, and assigns, and such
thers as I, the said Richard Garrett, my exors, adñiors, or assigns, should
t any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times

page_text: during the term of fourteen years therein mentioned, should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise, and vend, within England, Wales, and the Town of Berwick-
upon-Tweed, my Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN HORSE HOES, PUG MILLS,
DRILLING AND THRASHING MACHINERY, AND IN STEAM ENGINES AND BOILERS FOR
AGRICULTURAL PURPOSES;" in which said Letters Patent is contained a proviso,
obliging me the said Richard Garrett, by an instrument in writing under my
hand and seal, particularly to describe and ascertain the nature of my said
Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed and to cause the
same to be inrolled in Her Majesty's High Court of Chancery, within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said in part
recited Letters Patent, as in and by the same, reference being thereunto
had, will more fully and at large appear: And whereas, I, the said Robert
Garrett, in pursuance of the said proviso, did by a specification or instrument
in writing under my hand and seal, describe and ascertain the nature of my
said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, and did cause
the same instrument to be enrolled in Her Majesty's High Court of Chancery,
at Westminster, on the Seventh day of January, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and fifty: And whereas since the date of the said
Letters Patent, and of the said inrollment of the said Specification, I have
discovered that part of the said Invention as described in the said Specification
was not on the day of the date of the said Letters Patent new as to the public
knowledge, use, and exercise thereof: And whereas in consequence of such
discovery as last aforesaid, I am desirous, with leave of Her Majesty's Attorney-
General, to enter a disclaimer as herein-after is contained or expressed.
NOW KNOW YE, therefore, that I, the said Richard Garratt, by and with
the leave of Her Majesty's said Attorney-General, do hereby disclaim that
part of the said Specification, which is contained in the following words, that
is to say
I further claim under this head the application to portable or travelling
thrashing machines of a riddle sieve or screen, for the purpose of separating
from the corn chaff and fine stuff all broken ears of corn, bits of straw, clover
sticks, leaves, and other large extraneous matters or rubbish, which may be
mixed with the corn. I also claim the general arrangement of the parts of the
thrashing machine shewn in the Figures, as will be found particularly appli
cable for portable or travelling thrashing machines, to be driven by steam o
other driving power. And I would here remark that I am aware that thrash
ing machines have heretofore been mounted upon travelling wheels, on whic
they may be conveyed from one locality to another, I do not therefore clain
the exclusive right of so doing, except when the machine-so-mounted o

page_text: travelling wheels shall combine, as in the present instance, the various parts
for simultaneously carrying on the operation of thrashing, screening, and
shaking, and winnowing, if required.
And I hereby declare that the above-written Disclaimer is not nor is any
part thereof intended to extend the exclusive rights granted by the said
Letters Patent, and that these Presents shall not extend the said exclusive
rights as claimed in any way whatever.
In witness whereof, I, the. said Richard Garrett, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Twenty-first day of November, One thousand
eight hundred and fifty-seven.
Signed, sealed, and delivered by the within
named Richard Garrett, in the pre-
sence of
R. GARRETT. (L.S.)
R. BOWALL, Clerk to Mr. George Capes, Sol',
Gray's Inn.
To the Clerk of the Patents for England.
This is to certify that the above-named Richard Garrett, has applied to me
for leave to enter with you the above-written Disclaimer to part of a certain
Invention for which Letters Patent were duly granted to him under the Great
Seal, bearing date the Seventh day of July, One thousand eight hundred and
forty-nine, and the Specification of which was enrolled on the Seventh day
of January, One thousand eight hundred and fifty; and on considering of the
said application, I directed him to advertize his said Disclaimer in the London
Gazette, and in the Times, the Daily News, and Ipswich Journal newspapers;
and such advertisements have been duly made in the London Gazette, the
Times, and Daily News, on the First day of December last, and in the Ipswich
Journal on the Fifth day of the said month of December, and no objection
having been made to the said application, I have accordingly granted leave to
the said Richard Garrett to file his said Disclaimer pursuant to the Statutes
in such case made and provided.

page_text: AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the Sixteenth day of February, in
the year of our Lord 1858, the aforesaid Richard Garrett, came before our
Lady the Queen in Her Chancery, and acknowledged the Disclaimer aforesaid,
and all and every thing therein contained and specified, in form above
written. And also the
And also the Disclaimer aforesaid was stamped according to the
tenor of the Statute made for that purpose.
Enrolled the Seventeenth day of February, in the year of our Lord, One
thousand eight hundred and fifty-eight.

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, RICHARD
GARRETT, of Leiston Works, near Saxmundham, in the County of Suffolk,
Agricultural Implement Maker, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her present most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Royal Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date at
Westminster, the Seventh day of July, in the thirteenth year of Her reign,
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said
Richard Garrett, Her especial license, full power, sole privilege and authority,
that I, the said Richard Garrett, my exors, adññiors, and assigns, and such
others as I, the said Richard Garrett, my exors, adññors, or assigns, should
at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times
during the term of years therein mentioned, should and lawfully might make,
use, exercise, and vend, within England, Wales, and the Town of Berwick-
upon-Tweed, my Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN HORSE-HOES, PUG MILLS,
DRILLING AND THRASHING MACHINERY, AND IN STEAM ENGINES AND BOILERS FOR
AGRICULTURAL PURPOSES;" in which said Letters Patent is contained a proviso
obliging me, the said Richard Garrett, by an instrument in writing under my
hand and seal, particularly to describe and ascertain the nature of my said
Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, and to cause
the same to be inrolled in Her Majesty's High Court of Chancery within
six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said in part
recited Letters Patent, as in and by the same, reference being thereunto
had, will more fully and at large appear.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
Richard Garrett, do hereby declare that the nature of my said Invention,
and the manner in which the same is to be performed, is particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following description thereof,
reference being had to the Drawings hereunto annexed, and to the letters
and figures marked thereon, (that is to say):-
The several improvements for which I have obtained Letters Patent as
aforesaid may be classed under two principal heads.
The first head of the Invention relates to improvements upon various
machines or implements used principally for agricultural purposes, and con-
sists first, of an improvement or improvements in pug mills, whereby the
clay or material (of which tiles or bricks for agricultural and other purposes
are made) is worked up and strained through openings at the lower end of
the mill for the purpose of clearing-the clay of stones and other hard and
extraneous matters, previous to the clay being supplied to the brick or tile-
making machine.
The second improvement comprised under this head of the Invention
relates to an improved mode of steering horse-boes. This improvement is
also applicable to drills for drilling corn or manure.
The third improvement under this head consists in an improved arrange-
ment or construction of parts of a seed and manure drill, whereby the rollers
and coulters may be raised from the ground, and the delivering barrel thrown
out of gear by the same operation.
The fourth improvement under this head also relates to drills, and consists
in the application to a manure distributor of a ribbed roller or rollers to the
mouth of the delivery spout for the purpose of more evenly and regularly
distributing manure or dressing of any kind over the surface of the ground
as the machine proceeds.
The fifth set of improvements under this head of the Invention relates
to thrashing machinery, and consists in a novel mode of constructing the
concave of thrashing machines, and also in an improved arrangement of parts,
or mode of constructing portable thrashing machines, so that thrashing,
winnowing, screening, and shaking may be performed at the same time.
The second principal head of my Invention relates to various improvements
upon engines and boilers principally designed for agricultural purposes.
This head may be subdivided into various parts, consisting, firstly, of an
improved. construction of boiler applicable for agricultural purposes and
portable and other engines. Secondly, in an improved arrangement of
engine and boiler with its appendages mounted on a frame with wheels
1

page_text: for the purpose of being conveyed from one place to another, and to any
locality where the motive power of the engine may be required to drive
thrashing, chaff-cutting, grinding, or other machinery. Thirdly, in an im-
proved construction of governor applicable to the above or other engines.
My improvements in pug mills are shewn in Figures 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6,
Sheet I. of the accompanying Drawings. Fig. 1 represents a transverse
vertical section taken through the centre of a pug mill, and showing the
interior arrangement. Fig. 2 is a horizontal section; and Fig. 3 is a
partial side view shewing the lower part of the cylinder and the oblique
lateral openings therein, and through which the clay is forced by the pressers
or wipers inside, and is thereby freed from stones and other extraneous
matters.
In Fig. 1, a, a, a, a, represents a strong cast-iron cylinder, or rather conical
chamber, part of the side of which forms a door, which, being furnished with
hinges, may be opened (as shewn in Fig. 2) when it is required to obtain
access to the interior of the chamber for any purpose. The chamber a, a,
is mounted on and firmly bolted to a short cylinder b, b, which I call the
straining cylinder, as it has oblique lateral openings made therein (as seen
best in Fig. 3) for the purpose of allowing the clay to pass through and be.
strained or freed from stones and other extraneous matters. The cylinder b, b,
is firmly secured to a bottom plate c, c, in which two or more holes or aper-
tures c, c, are made as shewn in the Figures 1 and 2, and to these holes
moveable boxes d, d, with grated bottoms are adapted for the purpose of
receiving stones and other matters which cannot pass through the gratings
at the side of the cylinder b, b. These boxes are shewn detached and upon
an enlarged scale at Figures 4, 5, and 6. Fig. 4 represents a longitudinal.
vertical section; Fig. 5, a transverse vertical section; and Fig. 6, a perspec-
tive view of one of the boxes. In the centre of the conical chamber a, a,
and cylinder b, is mounted a vertical shaft e, e, which is supported at its
lower end in a step, and turns in bearings attached to the cross framing f, f,
above. This shaft is furnished with a number of horizontal arms g, g, for.
the purpose of working the clay in the chamber a, a. The faces of these
arms are inclined downwards, so that as the clay is fed into the mill at the
upper end it may be forced downwards and expressed from the lateral
openings of the cylinder 6 free from stones, which, together with all other
extraneous matters that cannot pass through the openings, are retained in
the cylinder, and by the continued rotation of the wiper arm h these matters
are carried downwards, and forced into the boxes d, d, where they remain
for some time without interfering with the operation of the machine... When,

page_text: however, the stones accumulate in these boxes, the latter should be removed,
and the stones or other matters taken out, after which the boxes may be
again replaced. Strong horizontal arms or levers i, i, are attached to the
upper end of the vertical shaft e, for the purpose of communicating motion
thereto, either by means of horse power or manuel labor; but, if preferred,
the shaft may be driven by steam power by the intervention of suitable
gearing. I would here observe that in place of the moveable boxes d, d,
I sometimes cast on or permanently attach to the bottom of the cylinder
fixed boxes, recesses, or receptacles, and adapt thereto a moveable bottom or
side, by detaching which, the boxes, recesses, or receptacles may from time
to time be emptied of their contents, as stones or other extraneous matters
accumulate therein.
My improvements in steering horse-hoes, and which are also applicable
to steering corn or manure drills, are shewn in the several Figures in
Sheet II. Instead of suspending the bar to which the hoe beams are
connected by jointed rods from the stationary framing, as is usually the case,
the hoe beams are attached to parallel bars, or a parallel frame, which are
capable of sliding horizontally to and fro between antifriction rollers; these
rollers turn in bearings connected with a rocking frame, which, being mounted
on a horizontal shaft, may be moved vertically when required. This horizontal
shaft is mounted in brackets bolted to the main framing of the implement.
In the accompanying Drawings I have shewn, in Sheet II., three views of
a horse-hoe, with my improvements adapted thereto.
Fig. 1 is a longitudinal vertical section of the improved implement; Fig. 2
is a partial front view of the same; and Fig. 3 shews, in detached plan
view, some of the parts whereby the parallel motion is produced, such, for
instance, as the parallel bars or framing a, a, to which the bars or beams b,
which carry the hoes c, are attached; these parallel bars or framing a, a, slide
upon two sets of rollers d, d, and these rollers turn in bearings made in the
rocking frames e, e, which are mounted on the horizontal shaft f. This
shaft is supported and turns in fixed brackets g, g, which are bolted or
otherwise secured to the wooden framing of the machine, as seen in Fig. 1.
Upon this shaft is also mounted a sector rack h, which gears into and
is driven by the worm i on one end of the shaft j. This shaft ; is supported
in fixed bearings, and carries at its opposite end a hand wheel k, whereby it is
turned. Another shaft 7, furnished at one end with a pair of handles m, m,
and at the other with a lever n, is also mounted in suitable bearings firmly
bolted to the wooden framing. The lower end of the lever n is connected to the
parallel bars or framing a by means of the rod o, which is linked to the cross

page_text: piece p, attached to or forming part of the bars or framing a, as seen best in
Fig. 3; guards * are as usual affixed to a horizontal bar r, and this bar r is kept
at one equal distance from the parallel bars a by distance rods s. The holes are
raised from the ground by means of the ordinary lifting apparatus, consisting
of an excentric t and chains t*. In order to use this machine for hoeing, it is
necessary first to ascertain the state of hardness of the ground, for the
purpose of determining the proper cutting position for the hoes, so as to shave
the surface of the ground, because the harder the ground may be the greater
inclination must be given to the cutting blades or hoes, so as to shave its
surface. The movements by which this inclination is given to the cutting
blades of the hoes is effected by turning the shaft ; by means of the hand
wheel k, which causes the worm i on the shaft j to turn the shaft f by means
of the sector rack h, and as the roller frames e, e, and the rollers d, d, are
mounted upon this shaft f, they will of course turn with it, and the inner part
of the parallel bars or framing a, a, which rests upon these rollers d, d, will be
raised or depressed by being thus caused to perform a portion of a revolution
round the aforesaid shaft f; and by thus causing the framing a to move on its
centre, the point of connection of the hoe beams or rods 6 will be raised
or lowered as may be required, and the cutting blades of the hoes c, c, will be
thereby set at a greater or less inclination with the surface of the ground.
The hoes having been set at a proper cutting angle, as just described, the
operation of hoeing may now commence; but it is necessary, in order to
prevent the hoe blades from cutting up the plants, to steer the implement
properly, and this is effected in the following manner:-The parallel bars or
framing, as before said, is connected to the shaft by means of the arm
or lever n, connecting rod o, and cross piece p, of the framing or bars a, a, and,
therefore, by turning the shaft r, by means of the handles m, m, the parallel
bars or framing a, a, will be moved horizontally between the rollers d, d,
either to the right or left, as may be required.
In Fig. 4 I have shewn my improved mode of steering as applied to a corn
or manure drill. The apparatus for steering, as applied to drills, is precisely
the same in principle and construction as that described above, and, therefore,
does not need any detailed explanation, as the same letters of reference are
marked upon corresponding parts of this and the horse-hoe, and the descrip-
tion of the latter will also equally apply to this. It will only, therefore, be
necessary to say, that the ordinary rods or beams b, which carry the coulters c,
are attached to the parallel bars a, a, as in the hoe, and by turning the shaft Z
by means of the handles m, m, the bars a, a, with the coulters c, and beams
or bars b, b, are all slidden either right or left as may be required, exactly as in
the hoe, and described above...

page_text: My third improvement relates to a novel arrangement or construction of
parts, whereby the rollers and coulters of drills may be raised from the ground,
and-the delivering barrel thrown out of gear when desired, as will be the case
when the drill arrives at the headland of a field, and requires to be turned
round in order to go back again.
In Figures 1 and 2 of Sheet III. I have shewn the means whereby the
rollers, coulters, and barrel may with facility be simultaneously raised from
off the ground when required, and the feeding apparatus also thrown out of
gear at the same time.
Fig. 1 is a longitudinal vertical section shewing the principal parts of a drill
with my improvements adapted thereto; and Fig. 2 is a partial plan view of
the same, as seen from above.
The pressing rollers, of which there are two
sets, are seen at a, a, and b, b, one set of rollers being of larger diameter
than the other, and, instead of the pressing rollers being made the entire
width of the working part of the drill, as is usually the case, I employ two or
more separate rollers according to the number of drills that are employed.
The large rollers a, a, turn in bearings at the lower end of the pendent
arms c, c, which are secured at their upper ends to the horizontal shafts or
bars d, d, in such a manner that the rollers a, a, may work independent
of each other, so that either of them may yield to and pass over any
inequalities on the land without affecting the other one. The pressing surface
of these rollers is made concave instead of straight, as is usually the case, and
their peripheries are kept clean by means of scrapers e attached to the bars
or shafts d, d. The smaller rollers b, b, turn in bearings at the outer ends of
the long levers f. f, the inner ends of which are connected to the axles of the
large rollers a, a, as seen best in the vertical section, Fig. 1.
The rollers a, a,
are also furnished with scrapers e*, for the purpose of keeping their surfaces
clear from clods. The coulters g and h are secured in any convenient
manner to the weighted levers i and j, which have free vertical movement on
their respective fulcra, as at k and d. The rollers a and b, and the
coulters g and h, are raised from the ground by means of the chains and m,
the former being attached at its lower end to the horizontal bars d, d, for the
purpose of lifting the large rollers a, a, and coulters g, and the latter being
secured also at its lower end to the levers f. The upper ends of the
chains and m are connected by means of a hook to the end of a
lever n, which is secured by set screws, or in some other convenient manner,
to a long horizontal bar or shaft o, which turns in bearings attached to
the wooden framing of the drill. This horizontal shaft o is furnished at one
end with a ratchet wheel p, and click or pall q, and is worked by means of a
hand lever r, which is keyed on to one end of the shaft, as shewn in the

page_text: Drawing. Another short lever s, similar to the lever n, is also keyed
on to the shaft o, and a chain or rod t is attached at its lower end to this
lever, and the opposite end of this chain is hooked on to the end of a long
lever u, which turns on a stud in the upright standard v; the inner end of the
long lever u catches under the axle of the toothed wheel w, which works all
the internal mechanism of the drill, and by depressing the outer end of the
lever the wheel w may be lifted out of gear with the driving wheel a, and
the operation of the internal mechanism thereby stopped. Supposing it to be
required to turn the drill round at the end of a headland, in order to com-
mence again, the operation of the various parts is as follows:-The attendant
who follows the drill pulls down the lever r, and by thus depressing this lever
the lever u will also be pulled down, and will throw the wheel u out of gear,
as before said, and stop the operation of the working parts inside; at the same
time the pressing rollers a and b will, by means of the short lever n and the
chains and m, be lifted off the ground, and as they rise the shaft d and
scraper e will come against the under side of the levers i and j, and thereby
lift them and the coulters at the same time. All these working parts being
thus lifted from their work will be retained in this elevated position by
means of the click or pall q, which will prevent the ratchet wheel p
from returning to its original position until the pall is removed. The wheels
and coulters having been raised the drill may now be turned round, and
immediately brought into the proper position for continuing the work of
drilling; all the parts are then allowed to descend to their original positions,
by removing the click or pawle q from the teeth of the ratchet p.
My fourth improvement relates to what I call a broad-cast manure
distributor, and consists in adapting (to the spout down which the manure is
delivered) a ribbed roller, or ribbed rollers, or cylinders, upon the top of
which the manure is fed from the machine, and by causing these rollers
to rotate the manure or dressing is more evenly distributed and scattered over
the surface of the ground than if it were delivered from the spout without
being previously acted upon by the ribbed roller or rollers.
Sheet IV., Fig. 4, represents a transverse vertical section of a manure
distributor, with my improvement adapted thereto; and Fig. 5 is a longitu-
dinal vertical section, shewing the ribbed rollers in side elevation. The
manure is delivered as usual from a box by means of a revolving wheel a,
which throws it down an inclined channel b, from which it passes down
to a funnel-shaped chamber c, and from thence drops on to the ribbed
barrel d, which is kept constantly rotating by means of suitable gear
connected with the running wheels. As the manure falls on to the ribbed

page_text: barrel dit fills the recesses made thereon, which thereby receive a regular
supply, and by the rotation of the barrel it drops the manure or dressing on to
a second barrel e situated near the lower end of the delivering spout; and
as this second barrel rotates it throws or distributes the manure evenly on
the ground as the distributor is drawn onward. It will be seen, upon
referring to Fig. 5, that on the axles of the two ribbed rollers d and e there
are pullies or band wheels for the purpose of communicating motion from one
to the other by means of a band or strap, the upper roller being driven by
gearing in connection with the running wheels. The other parts shewn in the
Drawing are old, and therefore need no detailed description.
My improvements in thrashing machinery are shewn in Sheet V. of the
accompanying Drawings, in which Fig. 1 represents a longitudinal vertical
section, and Fig. 2 a sectional plan view of a portable or travelling thrashing
machine, constructed according to my improvements. A, A, is the main
framing, and B, B, is the concave which partially encloses the drum or beating
cylinder C. The concave B and beating cylinder are shewn detached upon an
enlarged scale at Fig. 3, in order to show more clearly the peculiar construction
of the concave. It will be seen, upon examining this figure, that, instead of the
ribs a of the concave being placed parallel or concentric with the periphery of
the drum or beating cylinder, or the inner face of the concave, they are set at
an angle with the inner surface of the concave, and that the first one or two
ribs are also set farther back, or a greater distance from the periphery of the
drum or beating cylinder C, than the other ribs a, a. The drum or beating
cylinder C is composed of rims of cast iron b, mounted on a horizontal axle D ;
to these rims are fixed the beaters c, which are made of flat bars of iron;
other longitudinal pieces of wood are let into and secured in recesses made in
the rims b, and rings of wire e are passed round the drum under the beaters,
and are secured in recesses cut in the faces of the pieces d, by iron strips f.
E are the straw shakers of the ordinary kind, but, instead of being mounted
upon and worked by cranks at each end as usual, they are mounted at one
end upon vibrating levers, and at the other upon cranks by which they are
worked. F is a wooden screen or vibrating table placed below the straw
shakers, and suspended by four rods g, g, from the main framing. This screen
or table F is furnished at or near its outer end with a riddle or sieve at G, and
is caused to move or oscillate backwards and forwards lengthways, in the
direction of the arrow, by means of the rods h, h, connected to the cranked
shaft h, h. A fan or blower J is conveniently placed beneath the straw
shakers E and screen or vibrating table F, and arranged in such a manner
that the spout or mouthpiece thereto extends to and is directed towards the

page_text: front end of the riddle or sieve G, so that as the corn and chaff is shaken out
of the straw by the shakers E it falls on to the vibrating table G, from whence,
by the continued agitation of the screen, it is made to slide down towards the
front part of the same, and when it arrives at the open work of the riddle or
sieve G the blast of air from the blower, which is directed against the under
side of the sieve G, will blow out the chaff at the back of the machine, while
at the same time the corn is allowed to fall through the riddle clean and free
from chaff. I sometimes, however, dispense altogether with the use of the
fan or blower, when the corn and fine chaff will be allowed to pass through
the meshes of the sieve or riddle into a receptacle below, and the sieve or
riddle will separate it from any broken ears of corn, pieces of straw, sticks,
leaves, or other extraneous matters which cannot pass through the sieve, but
are obliged to pass out of the machine over the end of the sieve. The whole
of these operative parts are driven and caused to work by bands from pullies
on the shaft D of the drum or beating cylinder, which latter is driven by
means of a belt Z from a steam engine, or other driving power, and passed
over the pulley K, as is clearly shewn in the Drawing.
The whole of the operative parts are arranged in a suitable framing, in as
compact a manner as possible, consistent with the proper action of the several
parts, and the whole is mounted on running wheels L, L, for the purpose of
conveying the machine from one locality to another. I would here observe
that, when at work, the machine remains upon the wheels instead of being
lifted therefrom and placed on the ground, as is usually the case.
In Fig. 4 I have shewn a modification of the above improvement in the
concave, in which the ribs of the concave are made concentric with the inner
surface thereof, but the two or three first ribs are set back, as in the former
instance, so that as the corn is fed in to be thrashed the recesses made by
setting back the ribs, as at r, will receive the ears, and will act as a check
to the progress of the straw as it passes between the beaters and the concave,
and cause it to receive a double and more perfect thrashing.
The second principal head of my Invention relates, as before mentioned, to
various improvements upon boilers and engines, designed principally for
agricultural, but applicable also to other purposes, and consists, first, in
improvements in the construction and arrangement of boilers. Second, in
an improved arrangement or combination of engine and boiler, the principal
novelty of which consists in attaching or connecting the engine and boiler to
one and the same platform, foundation plate, or frame which is mounted.
on travelling wheels for the convenience of being transported from one locality

page_text: to another; the engine and boiler being so arranged and combined that no
part of the engine or working parts thereof is directly attached to the boiler,
the only connection between them being the steam and water pipes. My third
improvement under this head relates to the construction of governors for
engines.
In the several Figures of Sheet VI. I have shewn one of my improvements
in boilers, and which consists-in-a-novel or improved form- and arrangement of
the flues of the boiler. Fig. 1 is a side elevation shewing a boiler and engine
complete. Fig. 2 is a longitudinal vertical section taken through the boiler
and central flue. Fig. 3 is a transverse vertical section taken through the fire
box in the line 1, 2, of Fig. 2; and Fig. 4 is another transverse vertical
section taken through the smoke box in the line 3, 4, of Fig. 2. The furnace
or fireplace is seen at a,-a, and the heat and imflammable gases therefrom
pass along the two crescent-shaped flues b, b, from whence the smoke and
gasses issue into the smoke box c at the end, and then return along the long
circular flued to the chimney, before which time, however, the greater portion
of the heat arising therefrom will be taken up by the water in the boiler.
In the several Figures in Sheet VII. I have shewn another construction or
arrangement of boiler, the principal novelty of which consists in constructing
the boiler of two or more distinct vessels, bolted to each other at their ends by
means of flanges. In the present instance I have connected three distinct
vessels together in this manner. Fig. 5 represents a longitudinal vertical
section taken. through the boiler and flue pipes. Fig. 6 is a transverse
vertical section taken through the smoke box in the line 1, 2, of Fig. 5, and
shewing the ends of the flue tubes: Fig. 7 is an external plan view, and
Fig. 8 is an external side elevation of the boiler with the engine adapted to it.
The vessels of which the boiler is composed are, in the present instance,
all circular in forin, but the same principle may be carried out with vessels of
other forms. The first vessel A is surrounded with water throughout its
entire circumference, but the water is a little deeper on the crown than at the
lower part. This part A of the boiler is furnished with water-tight openings
for the doors of the furnace e, and ash pit f, as shewn in the Drawing, and the
upper part of this vessel is fitted with a large steam dome g, which communi-
cates with the.vessel A, through a series of holes made in its crown, as shewn
in Fig. 5. At the top of this dome the safety valve h is placed, and the steam
pipe 2, (see plan and side views) conveys steam from this part of the boiler to
the cylinder. The interior of this vessel A forms the fire box of the boiler,
and the water space is connected with the second vessel B by means of

page_text: a pipe k, which proceeds from the bottom of the vessel A to the top of the
second vessel B. This second vessel consists simply of an outer case furnished
with tubes inserted and secured in plates which form the ends of the vessel.
The third vessel C is formed of an outer and inner circle, with a water space
between them. The interior of this vessel C composes the smoke box of the
boiler, and is enclosed by a water space at the end, as shewn in the Drawing,
but in some cases I place doors at the end in the ordinary manner, for the con-
venience of getting at the fire tubes. The chimney n passes out through the
top of the vessel C, through a water-tight opening, and this vessel communi-
cates with the vessel B by means of a pipe 1, one end of which is connected
with the bottom of the vessel B, and at the other end with the top of the other
vessel C. The operation of the boiler is as follows:-The vessels A, B, and C,
are filled with water by means of a pump suitably arranged, and which first
fills the vessel C through the pipe p, and when this vessel is full the water
will overflow and pass down the pipe 7 into the vessel B, and when this vessel
is full also the water will run therefrom into the vessel A. until the water rises
to the upper gauge cock 7, so that when the boiler is in operation the vessels'
B and C will always be kept full of water, the water level in the vessel A
being about midway between the two guage cocks q and r. The blast pipe is
shewn at s, and is furnished at its upper end with a cock or valve for the
purpose of regulating the size of the aperture and thereby the strength of the
blast. The effect of this arrangement will be, that while each vessel composing
a part of the boiler will be at the same pressure (being connected together by
pipes, as before mentioned), the temperature of each will vary in proportion to
its distance from the fire box, that is to say, the water in the part C, which is
furthest from the fire, will be coldest, as the cold water is pumped into
this vessel first, and the water in the vessel A will be hottest, thus presenting
successively to the departing heat a vessel or vessels of progressively decreasing
temperature, and thereby absorbing a great proportion of the heat from the gases
on their passage to the fnnnel or chimney, and which would otherwise be lost.
The forms or propotions of the vessels A, B, and C, and position of the pipes
which convey the water from one to the other, may be varied, and the number
of vessels composing each complete boiler increased from two to four or more,
according to the discretion of the manufacturer, provided the principle herein
set forth be adhered to. This improved boiler may also be employed for
generating steam in any other description of engine.
My improvements in portable or travelling engines are also shewn in
Sheet VII. of the accompanying Drawings, and consist in a convenient
arrangement of the several parts of an engine and boiler, both being mounted

page_text: on the same platform or foundation plate. The peculiar features and advan-
tages of the improved arrangement will be best understood by reference to
the several Figures in Sheet VII. I prefer to employ a boiler constructed
upon the plan just described, but any other suitable construction may be
employed, provided it is susceptible of being combined or arranged on the
same platform or foundation plate as the engine. It will be seen, on inspect-
ing the Drawings, that the boiler is secured to a platform or foundation
plate or framing D, which is mounted on travelling wheels w, w, and that the
cylinder and other parts of the engine are detached from the boiler, and are
entirely free and independant thereof, the only connexion being the pipe p,
which supplies water to the boiler, and the pipe i, which conveys steam from
the boiler to the cylinder of the engine. The cylinder E is placed vertically
beside the boiler, but is firmly secured by bolts or otherwise to the foundation
plate or platform D. The main shaft F of the engine is mounted in bearings
in the arched framing at the upper ends of the upright columns G, G, of
which there are a pair on each side of the boiler, so that the shaft F passes
clear over the top of the boiler. It will be seen that the cylinder is brought
as conveniently as it can be to the axle of the hind wheels, and the foot of
one of the columns is immediately above this axle, so that the engine may
have a firm and solid bed to rest upon without the necessity of making the
platform or foundation plate D too heavy and cumbrous. It will be seen, on
referring to the Drawing, that by this arrangement of parts all the operative
parts of the engine are detached from the boiler, the whole or any one of
the vessels composing which may be removed without interfering with the
engine any further than merely detaching the steam and water pipes. By
this means great facility for repairs is obtained, and duplicate parts of those
vessels which are most liable to destruction may be readily supplied and
attached.
My last improvement under this head relates to the construction of
governors, and will be best understood by referring to Sheet VIII., in which
Fig. 9, represents a front elevation of my improved governor, Fig. 10, a side
elevation, and Fig. 11, a plan view of the same. a is a vertical spindle turn-
ing in an upright bearing, and driven by the engine in the ordinary manner
by means of suitable gearing; a disc b, having two circular inclined planes c, c,
cast on the edges or outer diameter thereof, is keged fast on to the vertical
spindle a. A cross head d, having wings or fans e, is mounted on the
spindle a, in such a manner as to have vertical and rotary motion thereon.
The arms of the cross head d are furnished with antifriction rollers f, f, which
run on the circular inclined planes or edges c, c, of the disc d. The cross

page_text: head d also carries a ball or weight g, which by its weight always tends to
keep the rollers f,f, at the lowest point of the circular inclined planes c, c.
The forked end of the throttle valve lever h rests upon the top edge of this
ball or weight g, which works freely on the spindle a, and as it moves up or
down according to the speeds of the engine, shuts or opens the throttle valve,
and thereby regulates the supply of steam to the cylinder. The operation of
the governor is as follows:-Upon the engine beginning to work, the spindle a
will commence rotating, and the circular inclined planes c, c, of the disc b,
will carry round with them the cross head d, but as the speed increases, the
resistance of the air to the fans or wings e, e, of the cross head will retard its
progress, and cause the wheels f, f, to rise up the circular inclined planes c, c,
and thereby raise the ball or weight g and the forked end of the lever h, and
consequently, by closing the throttle valve, will cut off the steam, and thus
regulate the speed of the engine. Immediately, however, that the speed
diminishes, the resistance of the air to the fans or wings e, e, will decrease, and
the wheels f, f, will gradually descend the inclined planes, and thus open the
throttle valve and admit more steam to the cylinder. In order to prevent the
wheels ff, from being carried over the ends of the inclined planes by any
sudden increase of speed, I have provided stop pieces i, i, by means of which
the wheels will be stopped as soon as they reach the highest point, or any
determined altitude. This object may also be effected by making a lip j, at
the lower end of the ball or weight g, and fixing two screwed pins k, k, in the
disc b; these pins are furnished with adjustable buttons, against the under
sides of which the lip will come in contact, and be thereby prevented from
ascending any higher. This improved construction of governor is shewn in
Sheet VIII., as adapted to my improved arrangement of travelling engine,
and may be applied to any other description of engine.
Having now described my various improvements, and the means of carrying
the same into effect, I would observe, in conclusion, that, in order that my
several improvements should be more clearly understood, I have shewn and
described various portions of the different implements and machines which
have been long known and in use; I do not, however, intend to claim any
such well-known parts as constituting any part of my present Invention, nor
do I intend to confine myself rigidly to the precise arrangement or con-
struction of parts herein shewn and described (although I believe, and have
found them practically to be, the most convenient for the purposes to which
they are intended to be applied), as it will be evident to any intelligent
machinist that the arrangement of the parts may be considerably varied and
modified in appearance, without essentially departing from the nature and

page_text: object of my improvements. But that which I consider to be-new, and there-
fore wish to claim as the Invention secured to me by the herein-before in
part recited Letters Patent is,
First, constructing the cylinders or barrels of pug mills with grated recesses,
boxes, or receptacles for the purpose of receiving stones and other hard
extraneous substances which may be mixed with the clay or plastic material,
and which clay, by the operation of the machine, is carried down or onward,
and forced out through suitable gratings, the stones and other hard extraneous
substances which are prevented by the gratings from passing out of the mill
with the clay or plastic material being carried into the said grated recesses,
boxes, or receptacles, from which they may be removed without arresting the
operation of the mill, by merely clearing the boxes or receptacles from the
stones and other hard matters which accumulate in the same, while the clay
is being strained or forced through the gratings.
Second, in reference to my improvements in horse-hoes, and the improved
plan of steering horse-hoes and drills, I claim the employment or application
of parallel bars or a parallel framing with which the blades of horse-hoes or
the coulters of drills are connected, by means of suitable arms or levers
which work independent of each other, and may be steered or moved alto-
gether in right lines horizontally, right or left, instead of in curves as
formerly. I also claim the arrangement or construction of parts herein
shewn and described, or any mere modification thereof, for altering or chang-
ing the inclination upwards or downwards of the cutting edges of the blades
of hoes, according to the nature of the ground.
Third, in reference to drills for drilling corn and manure, I claim the
arrangement shewn in Sheet III., or any mere modification thereof, whereby
the rollers and coulters may be raised from the ground when required, and
the delivering barrel thrown out of gear by one and the same operation.
Fourth, I claim the adaptation to broad-cast manure distributors of a
grooved or toothed roller or grooved or toothed rollers, on to which the
manure is delivered from the reservoir or box containing it, and which
grooved or toothed roller or rollers, by their rotation, more evenly distribute
the manure over the surface of the ground than when it is merely delivered
down a spout without such appendages.
Fifth, in constructing the concave of thrashing machines, I claim setting
back one, two, or more of the stationary holding bars or ribs of the concave,
which retain or hold the cars of corn while it is being operated upon by
the beaters. These holding bars or ribs of the concave so set back, as shewn
in the Figures, I place at the commencement of the concave, so that by

page_text: being set back from a quarter to half an inch, they may more readily admit
the ears of corn to be operated upon and thereby greatly facilitate the
operation of thrashing. I also claim making the edges or faces of the whole
of the holding bars or ribs of the concave tangential, or inclined to the
periphery of the beating cylinder, as shewn in Figs. 1 and 3, instead of being
concentric therewith, as is usually the case. I particularly claim these two
points, whether they be applied to machines such as those shewn in the
Drawing, or to other constructions of thrashing machines, whether driven
by hand labor or by horse or steam power. I further claim under this head
the application to portable or travelling thrashing machines of a riddle, sieve,
or screen, for the purpose of separating from the corn chaff and fine stuff all
broken ears of corn, bits of straw, clover, sticks, leaves, and other large
extraneous matters or rubbish which may be mixed with the corn. I also
claim the general arrangement of the parts of the thrashing machine shewn
in the Figures, as it will be found particularly applicable for portable or
travelling thrashing machines to be driven by steam, or other driving power.
And I would here remark, that I am aware that thrashing machines have
heretofore been mounted upon travelling wheels, on which they may be con-
veyed from one locality to another; I do not therefore claim the exclusive
right of so doing, except when the machine so mounted on travelling wheels
shall combine, as in the present instance, the various parts for simultaneously
carrying on the operations of thrashing, screening, and shaking and winnowing,
if required.
Under the second principal head of my Invention, I claim,―
First, the form and arrangement of flues and boilers shewn in Sheet VI.,
or any mere modification thereof. I further claim under this head the peculiar
form and combination of the vessels A, B, and C, shewn in Sheet VII., and
also the construction of steam boilers of two or more distinct vessels, bolted
or otherwise firmly secured together; the water spaces of each of the vessels
being, however, made to communicate with the adjoining vessel, so that the
water may be forced first into the vessel farthest from the fire, and thereby
be made to overflow and circulate through the whole series, until it reaches
the vessel nearest the fire, and thus be caused to take up in its passage
the greater portion of the waste heat that usually escapes from the flues.
Second, I claim the general arrangement and combination herein shewn
and described of an engine and boiler upon one and the same platform or
foundation plate, and mounting the same on travelling wheels, the essential
feature of novelty in the arrangement being, that no part of the engine is
attached to the boiler, the only connection between the engine and boiler