matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
MENTS IN THE ARRANGEMENTS AND CONSTRUCTION OF ARMOUR OR IRON-CLAD STEAM OR OTHER SHIPS
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robt. Griffiths at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 2nd March
1861.
I, ROB. GRIFFITHS, of 69, Mornington Road, in the County of Middlesex,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE ARRANGEMENTS AND CONSTRUCTION OF ARMOUR OR IRON-CLAD STEAM
OR OTHER SHIPS," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object the arrangement and construction of that part
or parts of iron-clad or armour ships, which is intended to resist the shot or shells
from the enemies guns when in action, and consists in constructing of that part
or parts of the ship required to be made shot-proof, with a sufficient space or
spaces between the outer skin of the ship and the inner skin to allow of the
armour plates to be placed there when required; these armour plates I
propose to make with a provision in them to secure a bolt or ring to
them in order to lift them out, or place them in their respective places,
by means of a crane or any other suitable contrivances when required.
The object being to enable iron-clad ships to take out their armour, and be
used without it for general purposes, which they can readily ship or unship
when required; and also as much of it as will be desirable. I would here
remark that it is not absolutely necessary that there should be an inner skin.
to the vessel to secure the armour plates to the outside skin of the ship, as

page_text: they can be secured to ribs of T-shaped iron, rivetted to the outer skin;
the armour plates slide in between. I also propose making the spaces con-
siderably wider when not required to be solid shot-proof, but only shell and
rifle ball-proof, which spaces can be filled with. fuel, and which could be taken
out and used in the engines in cases of emergency.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF RAILWAY WHEELS AND WHEEL TYRES
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Francis Wrigley at the Office of
the Commissioners. of Patents, with his Petition, on the 26th October.
1861.
I, FRANCIS WRIGLEY, of the City of Manchester, in the County of Lan-
caster, Consulting Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF RAILWAY WHEELS AND WHEEL
TYRES," to be as follows:-
My Invention refers to a mode or modes of constructing railway wheels and
wheel tyres, with the object of securing the tyres on the wheels without the
use of bolts or rivets passing through the tyres, and so that if the tyre should
break, the fractured part or parts will be prevented from flying off from the
wheel when in motion.
My Invention consists in the following construction and combination of
parts applicable to new wheels.. The tyre is made with two under cut
recesses," one on each edge of its inner periphery, forming a "dovetail," and
the rim or sole plate of-the wheel has a flange formed on one side, which
is under cut to correspond to the dovetail on one side of the tyre, and an
annular ring is provided for the other side, which is shaped to fit the under
cut recess in the tyre, and also to take hold of the under side of the rim
or sole plate. When the tyre is placed on the wheel, the annular ring is then
put on, and secured by rivets or bolts passing through it and the rim or sole
plate of the wheel breadthwise.
In adapting my improvements to wheels already made of the ordinary con-
struction, the old rim or sole plate of the wheel is slightly under cut on its two

page_text: edges, so as to form a "dovetail" in cross section, then what may be termed a
false or extra rim or sole plate is prepared, having a cross section similar to
that above described for the rims or sole plates of new wheels, but with the
addition of a flange on one edge of its inner periphery. This false rim or sole
plate is "shrunk" upon the prepared rim of the old wheel, and is made to
grasp" the dovetailed formed thereon. The tyre is then secured to the false
rim or sole plate same as herein-before described for new wheels.
My improvements, as applied to old or new railway wheels, also consist of
the following construction and combination of parts:-The outside edge of the
tyre has a flange formed on its inner periphery, which is under cut, and its
inside edge is recessed or under cut; the outside edge of the rim or sole plate
is bevelled to correspond with the under cut part of the flange on the tyre,
while the other edge of the rim or sole plate is left square; when the tyre is
placed on the rim or sole plate, it is secured by an annular ring similar to that
herein-before referred to, which is shaped to take hold both of the under side
of the rim or sole plate and the recessed edge of the tyre, the annular ring
being fastened by rivets or bolts passing through it, the rim or sole plate, and
the flange on the inner periphery of the tyre.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE MANUFACTURE OF GAS AND THE APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Magnus Ohren at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 27th November
1861.
I, MAGNUS OHREN, of Sydenham, in the County of Kent, Associate of the
Institution of Civil Engineers, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE MANUFACTURE OF GAS AND THE
APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH," to be as follows:-
It being a known fact that although a gas exhauster working at level guage
draws off a considerable portion of the gas produced in a retort, still a pressure
is maintained in the retort equal to the seal of the dip pipe from 2 to 4 inches,
and that consequently a large portion of gas is thereby destroyed in the retort,
I claim to remove this pressure from the retorts; and for the most efficient
means of doing so I claim the use of a moveable disc, whereby the water in
the hydraulic main is kept at one uniform level, just sufficient to seal the pipe
when the retort is at work. The disc can be raised or lowered most effectually
by the use of a screw and wheel with a pointer attached to shew the lineal
opening. On the moveable disc being lowered, the water from the hydraulic
main will flow away, and the pressure will be removed from the retort to such
an extent that the whole of the gas evolved can be drawn off by the exhauster,
at level guage. It will be necessary when the exhauster is stopped to raise
the disc, so as to give the full seal in the hydraulic main, otherwise the back
pressure will unseal the dips and allow the gas to pass down the ascension
pipes when the retorts are being drawn.
IMPROVEMENTS FOR FACILITATING THE EX- TINGUISHING OF FIRES IN WAREHOUSES AND OTHER BUILDINGS
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edwin Tomlinson and George
William Campbell Wilson at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 3rd August 1861.
We, EDWIN TOMLINSON, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, and GEORGE
WILLIAM CAMPBELL WILSON, of Liverpool aforesaid, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS FOR FACILITATING THE EX-
TINGUISHING OF FIRES IN WAREHOUSES AND OTHER BUILDINGS," to be as follows
(that is to say)
To apply this Invention to, say, a warehouse, to an underground high-pres-
sure water main, or to an elevated reservoir, connect a supply pipe, which is
carried to the side of the warehouse, and say, about three or four feet above the
level of the parapet, where it opens into a recess formed in the side of the
warehouse, and which may be fitted with a lock-up door. A suitable length
of pipe is placed horizontally upon the head of the vertical pipe (forming a
T-shaped head), and to which distinct branch pipes leading to each room or.
floor are connected. These branch pipes are fitted within the lock-up box,
with suitable stop-cocks and handles, numbered correspondingly with the
rooms above, and which, upon discovery of fire in any of the rooms, may
be turned on by, say, the policeman on duty, who is supplied with a key to the
lock-up box. The pipes may be placed in any convenient position within the
rooms, say, along the ceiling in rows, or connected together by transverse
pipes; these pipes are perforated with a large number of holes in any con-
venient manner. By these arrangements a large quantity of water may be

page_text: immediately supplied to any of the rooms, either separately or collectively as
required; and these perforated pipes may also be applied to the inside of the
roof of the building.
In the construction of buildings to which this Invention is applied, it is pre-
ferred to construct the floors of the rooms water-tight, and in such a way that
water falling thereon will run into suitable gutters and be carried through a
suitable pipe to the outside of the building, thereby avoiding injury to goods
placed in other rooms.
IMPROVEMENTS IN TOP ROLLERS FOR SPINNING AND DRAWING FRAMES
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Ambler at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 1st June
1861.
I, THOMAS AMBLER, of Ingrow Paper Mills, Keighley, in the County of
York, Paper Maker, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN TOP ROLLERS FOR SPINNING AND DRAWING FRAMES," to be
as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in top rollers for spinning
and drawing frames, and consists in forming such rollers of sheets of paper
cemented together to obtain a sufficient thickness, or the requisite mass of
paper material may be otherwise obtained. It is preferred to form such
rollers by cementing sheets of paper together until a sufficient thickness for a
roller is obtained, and to cut out the roller from the board so formed in such
manner that the edges of the sheets form the periphery of the rollers. These
rollers do not receive any covering or packing of cloth and leather such as is
applied to the ordinary wooden or iron rollers, the paper itself forming the
working surface of the roller.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR GRINDING WHEAT AND OTHER GRAIN
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Palmer at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 1st April
1861.
I, WILLIAM PALMER, of Ballymena, in the County of Antrim, Miller, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR GRINDING WHEAT AND OTHER GRAIN," to be as
follows:-
This Invention consists in effecting the immediate delivery of the grain
from the centre of the bedstone to the grinding surface of the stones, keeping
the centre of the bedstone free of grain, and at the same time keeping the
furrows of the stone open at the centre. This is done either by screwing
flanges to the old rinds already in use, or by adopting new ones, the flanges or
wipers being placed so far behind the centre, that they at once, by means of
the centrifugal force or speed of the runner, bring the grain to the grinding
surface, whilst they run so close to the bedstone that no grain is left to inter-
fere with the draught of the stones.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF GLOBES OR SHADES AND CHIMNIES FOR LAMPS, GAS LIGHTS, OR GAS BURNERS
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Bailey at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 25th March
1861.
I, WILLIAM BAILEY, of Horseley Fields Chemical Works, Wolverhampton,
in the County of Stafford, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF GLOBES OR SHADES AND CHIMNIES
FOR LAMPS, GAS LIGHTS, OR GAS BURNERS," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object the manufacturing of globes or shades and
chimnies for lamps or gas burners in such a manner that they shall be more
economical in their cost, less liable to crack or break by heat, and more desir-
able for the preservation of the eyesight, than those commonly manufactured
for the purpose.
I propose using bottle glass for the before-named purpose in lieu of the
white or fluid glass ordinarily used, and coloring such bottle glass in its
process of manufacture with any required tint, thus attaining the above
objects.
THE FEEDING OF A MACHINE FOR FOLDING OF ENVELOPES, AND LIKEWISE FOR LAYING DOWN THE LAPPETS PREVIOUS TO THE SECOND DESCENT OF THE PLUNGER
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Boulton and John Chapman
Boulton at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition,
on the 9th January 1861.
We, JOSEPH BOULTON and JOHN CHAPMAN BOULTON, of the Parish of Shore-
ditch, in the County of Middlesex, Engineers, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "THE FEEDING OF A MACHINE FOR FOLDING OF
ENVELOPES, AND LIKEWISE FOR LAYING DOWN THE LAPPETS PREVIOUS TO THE SECOND
DESCENT OF THE PLUNGER," to be as follows:-
By an adaptation of the screw, cam, and side levers carrying a creaseing box
from front of table to over the folding box. The laying down of lappits during
the second descent of plunger is effected by meanes of a cam moving a diagonal
cut plate to give motion to a frame having two diaginal slots for moving side
lappits, and the outside lappit by a direct motion, and a small lever for the
stamped lappit.
AN IMPROVED CIRCULAR LOOM FOR WEAVING CLOTHS OF ALL KINDS, EITHER PLAIN OR ORNAMENTED
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Pierre Habert at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 3rd August
1861.
I, PIERRE HABERT, of the Town of Bar-le-Duc, in the Empire of France,
Practical Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"AN IMPROVED CIRCULAR LOOM FOR WEAVING CLOTHS OF ALL KINDS, EITHER PLAIN
OR ORNAMENTED," to be as follows:-
This circular loom is composed of a cast-iron drum fitted on a vertical shaft.
On a flange of the lower part of the drum rollers are fitted, over which runs a
bevil toothed crown, actuated by a bevil pinion, which pinion, keyed on a
horizontal shaft, is caused to rotate by a hand crank. The warp need not be
previously dressed for weaving, as in common looms; the threads forming this
warp are wound on cops or spools turning freely on spindles, properly disposed
in any required number outside around a lower cylinder. The warp ascends
from the cops up in the cast-iron drum; they are guided between small rollers,
and each thread thereof passes into a little hole pierced through a small blade
placed betwixt the teeth of two concentric circular combs. There are, of
course, as many blades as threads in the warp. The revolving toothed crown
carries a set of pinions, which gear together, and one of them gears with a
fixed toothed crown fitted at the top of the drum; this combined movement
will impel the shuttle which runs round between the combs and over the
thread guiding blades. The revolving toothed crown carries also properly
shaped pieces, which, in their passage before and after the shuttle, drive the

page_text: thread guiding blades inwards or outwards, causing thus the warp to be open
or closed for the passage and setting of the weft thread. The cloth is wound
on a horizontal cylinder suitably disposed above the vertical drum as fast as it
is woven.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF APPLYING MANURE TO GROWING CROPS, AND ALSO IN THE MACHINERY OR APPARATUS TO BE EMPLOYED FOR SUCH PURPOSE
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Tanner and William Proctor
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on the
11th December 1861.
We, HENRY TANNER and WILLIAM PROCTOR, both of Bristol, in the County
of Gloucester, Agricultural Chemists, do hereby declare the nature of the said
.Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF APPLYING MANURE TO GROWING
CROPS, AND ALSO IN THE MACHINERY OR APPARATUS TO BE EMPLOYED FOR SUCH
PURPOSE," to be as follows:-
Our improvements relate to the method of applying manure (by preference
in the state of powder) to the land during the growth of various crops, and
consist in applying the same by means of an implement, which at the same
time that it supplies the desired quantity of manure mingles or intermixes the
same with the soil. The machinery or apparatus which we propose to employ
for effecting this object consists of a combination in one machine or implement
of
any
suitable drill or apparatus for distributing the manure with a horse hoe,
or with any other cultivator of like description which stirs up or scarifies the
land without inverting or turning it over, so that by this combination, as the
manure is supplied by the drill or distributor, it is immediately stirred in or
mixed with the soil without injury to the growing crops, and a second dressing
of manure is thus applied to the same under conditions highly favorable to
the promotion of a luxuriant growth.
IMPROVEMENTS IN HOLDERS AND CASES FOR HOLDING BONNET FRONTS, ROUCHES, FRILLS, AND OTHER FANCY ARTICLES
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Knight at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 16th May
1861.
I, GEORGE KNIGHT, of the Town and County of the Town of Nottingham,
Box Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN HOLDERS AND CASES FOR HOLDING BONNET FRONTS, ROUCHES,
FRILLS, AND OTHER FANCY ARTICLES," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in constructing a holder by preference in a circular
form, by arranging a set of clips formed of springs round the edge of a disc or
circular box or frame, and by fixing on a spindle two or more of such discs
armed with the clips at such distances apart as will suit the articles to be
held. I fix on the spindle, both at top and bottom, a circular plate, the
diameter of which plates is such that the edges of the plates shall, protrude
beyond the articles when held by the clips. For some purposes the holder
may be used without any outer cover or case of its own, but for most uses
I complete the holder by inserting it in an outer case, which I make of a tube
just large enough to contain the holder and the articles it carries. The case is
closed at top by a cover.
As before stated, I prefer to make my holders and cases of a circular form,
as being most convenient for carriage and otherwise, but my clips may be
fitted to octagonal, square, or other shaped discs, and the remaining parts
of the holder and case may be made of any form to suit the same.
IMPROVEMENTS IN WOVEN FABRICS
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Michael Meyers at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 9th March
1861.
I, MICHAEL MEYERS, of Great Alie Street, in the County of Middlesex,
Umbrella and Parasol Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN WOVEN FABRICS," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists of combining or amalgamating with silk, cotton, or
wool, jute or Indian grass, either separately or collectively, in the manufacture
of woven fabrics, such mixture of materials producing a fabric very suitable
for the covers of umbrellas, parasols, wearing apparel, and other similar
purposes.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN COVERINGS FOR THE FEET AND LEGS
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edwin Collier at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 6th December,
1861.
I, EDWIN COLLIER, of Aldershot, in the County of Southampton, Boot and
Shoe Maker, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN COVERINGS FOR THE FEET AND LEGS," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to an improved boot intended to be worn as a
shooting, riding, or ordinary Wellington walking boot, but is more particularly
adapted for military wear, and consists in forming externally the gaiter or
legging without the inconvenience of any fastening, the leg of the boot being
made without any opening at the side or front, but is provided with buttons,
imitation button-holes, and buckle and strap, so that when the boot is worn
with the leg thereof outside the trousers it presents the appearance of a gaiter
and boot without incurring the trouble of securing any fastenings whatever, as
it is simply drawn on precisely like the ordinary Wellington boot. The legs
of these boots may be made of any desired length, according to the purpose
for which they are worn, and of different kinds of leather, according to the
taste of the wearer. For military purposes the leg should be cut the same
length as the military gaiter at present in use, so that it may not be diserned
from the regulation gaiter required on parade.
AN IMPROVED COMPOSITION FOR IGNITING LUCIFER MATCHES
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Marc Antoine François Mennons
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
30th October 1861.-A communication from Messrs. Auguste Halinbourg
and Léopold Ber, residing at No. 128, Faubourg Poissonnière, Paris
(France).
I, MARC ANTOINE FRANÇOIS MENNONS, of the British and Foreign Patent
Offices, 39, Rue de l'Echiquier, Paris, in the Empire of France, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED COMPOSITION FOR
IGNITING LUCIFER MATCHES," to be as follows:-
The Invention communicated to me consists in the preparation of an im-
proved lucifer match igniter, replacing with advantage the ordinary roughened
and phosphoric surfaces at present in general use. This igniter is composed
of any of the solid resins, either fusible or soluble, combined, as hereafter
described, with a certain proportion of amorphous phosphorous. When a
fusible base is employed, thirty-three parts of the resin are melted over a slow
fire, after which sixty-six parts of alcohol are poured on and mixed; ten parts
of of amorphous phosphorous are then added to the mass, and the whole is
thoroughly incorporated, forming a homogeneous paste, which is applied in one
or several coats to a paper, wooden, ceramic, or other suitable surface. When
a soluble base is adopted thirty-three parts of the resin are dissolved in

page_text: sixty-three parts of alcohol. To this solution are added ten parts of amor-
phous phosphorous, and the whole being thoroughly mixed the compound is
applied, as above, to a suitable tablet or other surface. The matches are
inflamed by simple friction on the surfaces thus prepared.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MANU- FACTURING OXYGEN GAS, AND OBTAINING CERTAIN OTHER PRODUCTS
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Webster at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 20th April-
1861.
I, JAMES WEBSTER, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Engineer,
do hereby declare the nature of my Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MANU-
FACTURING OXYGEN GAS, AND OBTAINING CERTAIN OTHER PRODUCTS," to be as
follows:-
My said Invention consists in a mode of treating a mixture of nitrate of
soda or other nitrate with an oxide of iron for the purposes of obtaining
oxygen gas, nitrogenous compounds, and the base of the salt employed. For
this purpose I submit the mixture to distillation in an iron or other proper
retort. I condense the nitrogenous compounds contained in the gaseous
products of the distillation in water, or in any other convenient manner, and
thus separate those compounds from the residue of the gaseous products, con-
sisting chiefly of oxygen gas, which I collect in a proper receiver. The
residuum in the retort at the end of the process contains the base of the salt
employed, which, if it be an alkali or alkaline earth, will be in a caustic state.
By this process I am enabled to obtain three products, namely, oxygen, nitro-
genous compounds, and the base of the salt operated upon.
IMPROVING THE MANUFACTURE OF HARMONIUMS
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION. left by Jules Bigourat at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 15th March
1861.
I, JULES BIGOURAT, of 2, Gloucester Place, Brixton Road, in the County of
Surrey, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVING
THE MANUFACTURE OF HARMONIUMS," to be as follows:-
Hitherto the wind has been supplied to harmoniums by means of pedals.
worked by the performer or by some other person working the bellows.
I propose to use balls propelled by springs from one side of a balancing lever
to the other, which lever by rising and falling under the weight of the ball,
works & bellows, and the bellows supplies a wind chest. There is a similar
contrivance on each side of the harmonium. I also propose to draw out the
stops by the use of pedals instead of by hand, as hitherto, in the same way as
the stops of organs are now drawn out.
AN IM- PROVED CIGAR OR PIPE RACK, WHICH IS ALSO APPLICABLE FOR OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Sidney Frankau at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 12th February
1861.
I, SIDNEY FRANKAU, of Bishopsgate Street Within, in the County of
Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IM-
PROVED CIGAR OR PIPE RACK, WHICH IS ALSO APPLICABLE FOR OTHER PURPOSES," to
be as follows:-
This Invention consists of a strip of sheet metal to which are fixed a
series of curved or round pieces of metal open at the front and serving as
clips to hold cigars or pipes. The said strip of metal to which the clips
are fixed is turned back at the edge so as to form a groove at each side
edge, and into this groove a shorter strip of metal is made to slide freely,
forming a continuation of the longer. one, and is connected to the same by
a spring, so that the whole length may be shortened or lengthened by the
aid of the spring. By this means the cigar or pipe rack made as before
described may be put in a hat of any size, as the spring permits it to be
shortened and presses outwards with sufficient force to keep itself in any
position it may be placed. By the same means it will also hold itself
between two projecting surfaces on a wall or on a panel of a door or cupboard
between the frames. The ends of the rack may have its edges turned up
or small cushions placed at each end. A fusee or match box may also be
made on the rack and form part of the same.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF BREECH-LOADING ORDNANCE
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas William Cowan at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 18th
October 1861.
I, THOMAS WILLIAM COWAN, of the Kent Iron Works, Greenwich, County
of Kent, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF BREECH-LOADING ORDNANCE," to be
as follows, that is to say:-
My Invention consists in an improved form of breech-piece, which I propose
to apply to all kinds of guns. The barrel of my gun is mounted upon the
usual carriage, and is made without a breech chamber. The breech-piece is
formed separately, and is mounted upon an axis or trunion at right angles to
the direction of the bore of the gun; it is arranged so as to turn or rotate
upon this axis. This piece has two, three, or more recesses or chambers
formed symetrically in it, the mouths opening up from the axis outwards;
these form chambers for inserting the charge, and each in turn coming into
the line of the barrel and fitting closely to it either by means of a bridle or
by wedges or such like arrangement, thus, while one of the chambers is being
fired, the chamber behind, or rather, since they radiate, the succeeding chamber
is being loaded, and the one before that is being cleaned, as the one dis-
charges another comes into position already charged and ready for discharging,
while the successor is being loaded, and so on; the vent holes may be formed
into each chamber in the ordinary manner.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF CABLES OR CHAINS FOR TELEGRAPHIC AND OTHER PURPOSES, AND FOR MACHINERY CONNECTED THEREWITH
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Walker at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 2nd November
1861.
I, THOMAS WALKER, Engineer, of No. 18, Robert Terrace, King's Road,
Chelsea, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF CABLES OR
CHAINS FOR TELEGRAPHIC AND OTHER PURPOSES, AND FOR MACHINERY CONNECTED
THEREWITH," to be as follows:-
My improvements consist in using pieces of iron or other metal pipes, and
joining them together with certain joints so as to form a continuous chain of
any desired length. By passing an insulated telegraphic wire or wires through
the pipes, communication can be effected and continued across rivers, seas,
oceans, or other places. The main object of my Invention being the protec-
tion of the telegraphic wire or wires from injury from abrasion or other acci-
dents by means of these pipes, they forming a firm and solid external covering
to the wire or wires. In certain parts of my pipes I use joints in this form
☐, being a collar turned in at one end. In case I should use wrought iron
for this purpose, I claim the following machinery for the purpose of making
them :-I use a mandril made into the form of the internal part of the collar, and
a sunk die to fit the external part. A straight collar of iron being made hot,
and placed on the mandril, and the die being brought close by any pressure

page_text: will form the collar. These pipes can be used as part of the rigging of ships
to answer the purpose of ropes or chains, and can be used as speaking tubes,
either by themselves, or by passing gutta percha or other tubes through them.
Protecting the internal tubes from injury, they can be applied also to some
hydraulic purposes. I claim to enamel the pipes with any suitable vitrious
or other material to preserve them.
AN IMPROVED SOAP
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Mason at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 21st August
1861. A communication from abroad by Patrick Michael Belton, of
New York, United States of America.
I, WILLIAM MASON, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, Gentleman,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED SOAP,"
(communicated to me from abroad by Patrick Michael Belton, of New York,
United States of America,) to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to dispense with hand washing in the
cleansing of clothes and other articles. The improved soap consists of equal
parts of any ordinary soap and kaolin with about five per cent. of ammonia
and five per cent. of soda; the whole is mixed together and dried.
AN IMPROVED STEAM MILL, OR APPARATUS FOR TRANSMITTING MOTIVE POWER
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Archibald Brooman at
tho Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
20th August 1861.-A communication from abroad by Charles Halphen,
of Paris, France.
و"
I, RICHARD ARCHIBALD BROOMAN, of 166, Fleet Street, in the City of
London, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "AN IMPROVED STEAM MILL, OR APPARATUS FOR TRANSMITTING MOTIVE POWER,"
(communicated to me from abroad by Charles Halphen, of Paris, France,) to
be as follows:-
This Invention consists in transmitting motion to a shaft or shafts, by pre-
ference in a vertical position, from a locomotive engine free to travel round a
circular platform. The shaft is connected to the locomotive by a lever, and
carries a drum or drums, pulley or pulleys, round which the driving straps
pass. In some cases gearing is used for transmitting the power. The central
shaft carrying the drums may be above or below the level at which the
locomotive travels.
AN IMPROVEMENT OR IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF RIDDLES OR SIEVES
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Edward Butler at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 19th
June 1861.
I, CHARLES EDWARD BUTLER, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick,
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN
IMPROVEMENT OR IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF RIDDLES OR SIEVES," to
be as follows:
My Invention consists in the improvement or improvements herein-after
described in connecting the wire or other bottoms of riddles or sieves with the
rims or bodies of the said riddles or sieves.
In manufacturing riddles or sieves according to my Invention, I place the
wire or other bottom of the sieve over a hoop or lining a little smaller than the
outer rim constituting the body of the riddle or sieve. The said hoop or lining
is rounded or curved inwards on its upper edge, so that the bottom of the riddle
or sieve may be stretched over it without danger of being cut or torn. The
outer rim or body of the sieve is forced upon the said hoop or lining, and
pressing the edge of the bottom over the said hoop or lining tightens or strains
the said bottom upon the said hoop or lining. The edge of the bottom is then
turned up inwards over the lower edge of the hoop or lining, and a small
additional lining of iron or sheet metal is put over the edge of the body of the
riddle or sieve, and the hoop or lining thereby covering the said edges as well
as the turned-in edge of the wire or other bottom. By means of rivets the last-

page_text: named lining is fixed to the hoop or lining on which the bottom is stretched as
well as to the rim constituting the body of the riddle or sieve, and all the parts
are thereby secured together. The last-described lining which is only used to
cover the rough edges of the other parts may be omitted, but I prefer to
employ it.
My Invention is applicable to riddles or sioros of motel
AN IMPROVED SYSTEM OF DRAINAGE AND IRRIGATION FOR MEADOW AND OTHER LAND
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Asmus Petersen at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 18th December
1861.
I, ASMUS PETERSEN, of Wittkiel, in Angeln, Duchy of Schleswig, Land-
owner, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED
SYSTEM OF DRAINAGE AND IRRIGATION FOR MEADOW AND OTHER LAND," to be as
follows:-
My Invention consists in certain novel arrangements, and in apparatus
connected therewith, by means of which a perfect command is obtained over
the water intended for the irrigation of meadow and other land, as well as over
the surplus water and the stagnant or ground water, with which in certain
localities the soil is drenched, and which it is desired to draw or drain off from
such soil. From the head or top of the meadow the main drain is laid in the
direction towards the lowest part of the meadow, and at a depth from the
surface, varying from about 4 to 5 feet, according to the locality and the naturo
of the soil. From this main drain side drains branch off at right angles with
the main drain, or in such other direction as the formation of the surface may
render desirable or needful, and where required, these side drains have again
their tributaries or branches. These side or branch drains are laid with a
slight fall towards the main drain. The distance from one side drain to the
next varies according to the nature of the soil. At each place where a side
drain enters into the main drain, a shaft or pit is formed reaching from about
18 inches above the surface of the ground to the bottom of the main drain, and

page_text: into the sides of which shaft the mouths of both the main drain and the side
drains open. On the side towards the off-flow the main drain is fitted with a
valve or sluice, which can be shut or opened as the case may require. By
means of these sluices the water can be discharged or admitted and retained
in any of the side drains, and the water raised to and kept at any desirable
level between the bed of the closed sluice or main drain and the surface of the
ground. Shallow regulating ditches are formed on the surface of the ground
immediately over the side drains, which can be filled and made to run over the
surface of the meadow, or in which the surplus surface water may collect and
discharge itself into the shafts, which are for this purpose provided with
openings or grates at the sides above the surface of the ground. In the same
manner as water is admitted, liquid manure may be distributed, or water
charged with fertilizing substances. The advantages resulting from this perfect
command over the drainage and irrigation are self-evident.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR STRETCHING, GLOSSING, AND FINISHING SILK
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Henry Hammersley at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
13th November 1861.-A communication from abroad by James Leigh,
of Brooklyn, America.
I, WILLIAM HENRY HAMMERSLEY, of Leek, in the County of Stafford, Silk
Dyer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR STRETCHING, GLOSSING, AND FINISHING SILK,"
being a communication to me from abroad by James Leigh, of Brooklyn,
America, to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in placing a crosshead in the interior of a box or
vessel, and causing it to work in suitable guides. To the said crosshead
hooks are attached which carry a roller, and motion is given to the crosshead
by a screw and nuts, the screw being turned either by hand or power. At the
upper part of the vessel is placed another roller, which can slide in and out of
the box or vessel when required. The silk to be stretched is placed on both
the rollers, and by turning the screw it can be stretched to any extent desired.
At the top of the box is attached a steam pipe, which extends to a well at the
bottom, in order. to prevent the condensed steam from wetting the silk.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CASTORS
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Walter and David Johnstone
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on the
20th September 1861.
We, HENRY WALTER and DAVID JOHNSTONE, both of the City of Manchester,
in the County of Lancaster, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN CASTORS," to be as follows:-
We employ a ball, sphere, or globe of glass or other suitable material, and
cause it to work against three rollers placed in triangular positions, and
turning upon pins or axes fixed to a metal frame, having a pivot working in a
step or socket, which arrangement enables the ball to turn free of side friction.
Or instead of placing the rollers in triangular positions, one may be central with
the ball and the others at each side, the said rollers turning upon axes in a
metal frame working in a step or socket.
IMPROVED PACKING FOR ENGINES AND MACHINERY
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Payne and John Burgum
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on
the 10th October 1861.
We, WILLIAM PAYNE and JOHN BURGUN, both of Birmingham, in the
County of Warwick, Engineers and Millwrights, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVED PACKING FOR ENGINES AND
MACHINERY," to be as follows, that is to say:-
We take sponge and cut it up into very small particles, or almost into dust.
We then prepare a mixture of the following ingredients, in about the following
proportions:-Zinc melted, two ounces combined with an equal quantity of
mercury, this composition to be granulated or pulverized when cold; Devon-
shire lead ore pulverized four ounces; flour of brimstone two ounces; the whole
to be thoroughly amalgamated. The fine cut sponge is then soaked in greaso
and mixed up with the metallic composition powder above-named until it has
absorbed as much as it will of the powder. We then squeeze out the grease,
and ram the remaining compound into cotton or other casing. We find that
the above proportions of the metallic powder will require about four ounces of
sponge, but all these proportions will admit of some variation.
IMPROVEMENTS IN WATCH KEYS
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel Hickling Parkes at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 26th
October 1861.
I, SAMUEL HICKLING PARKES, of the Firm of James Parkes and Son, of
Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Manufacturers, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN WATCH KEYS," to be
as follows:-
My Invention consists, firstly, in making a neck or collar at that part of the
watch key where the pipe is fitted to the body of the key, and fitting to the
said neck or collar a moveable cap or cover. The said cap or cover protects
the square hole in the barrel of the watch key from dust and dirt when the
key is not in use, and thereby prevents that injury to the watch which might
arise from dirt in the said barrel. As the said cap or cover is made by pre-
ference of a tubular figure it may form part of or be fixed on the top of a
pencil case. The body of the key may be made of the same ornamental form
as the body of the pencil case, so that when the barrel of the watch key is
inserted in the cap or cover in the end of the pencil case, the body of the said
watch key closes the end and forms the termination of the pencil case.
the cap or cover which protects the watch key may be inserted in the end of
a penholder or toothpick.
Or
My Invention consists further in combining a watch key with a pencil case
or penholder or toothpick, the said watch key being fixed on the top of the

page_text: pencil case, penholder, or toothpick. The pipe of the watch key may be pro-
tected by a moveable case of the kind herein-before first described. By fixing
a watch key at the top of a pencil case or penholder or toothpick it is held
more readily, and is in less danger of being lost.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR FACILITATING THE IMBIBING OF LIQUIDS
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Palmer at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 4th May
1861.
I, WILLIAM PALMER, of No. 3, Evelyn Place, Brighton, in the County of
Sussex, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR FACILITATING THE IMBIBING OF LIQUIDS," to be
as follows:-
This Invention relates to a peculiar construction and arrangement of
apparatus for facilitating the imbibing of liquids, whereby the necessity for
applying the vessel or receptacle containing the liquid to be imbibed to the
lips is obviated, whilst at the same time a perfect control over the flow or
passage of the liquid into the mouth is obtained.
In carrying out this Invention it is proposed to adapt to any convenient
vessel or receptacle for liquids a flexible or other tube provided with a suitable
mouthpiece and stop-cock, such tube communicating with the liquid contained
in the interior of the vessel or receptacle, so that by applying the lips to the
mouthpiece and opening the stop-cock, the contents of the vessel or receptacle
may be sucked or drawn through the tube from such vessel or receptacle into
the mouth.
It is further proposed in some cases, when found desirable, to apply a
strainer or suitable filtering medium to the tube, so that the liquid may be
strained or purified on being drawn into the mouth.
It is obvious that this Invention may be applied in various ways and to a

page_text: variety of liquid holders. For example, in the case of a pocket flask the tube
may pass through an aperture made in the cap or cover into the liquid
contents of the flask; or in lieu of a pocket flask a bottle may be employed,
having a tube passing through the cork or stopper thereof into the liquid,
suitable provision being made for the free admission of air for the purpose of
supplying the place of the liquid extracted, or an open vessel may be used.
If for invalids, placed conveniently to the patient, one end of a flexible or
other tube, provided with a stop-cock, being made to communicate with the
liquid contents of the vessel.
IMPROVEMENTS IN HEATING BY MEANS OF LAMPS, AND IN IMPARTING HEAT TO VESSELS AND THEIR CONTENTS, ALSO APPLICABLE TO COOKING AND TO OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Brown Taylor at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
18th June 1861.
I, WILLIAM BROWN TAYLOR, of Balmes Road, London, N., do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN HEATING BY MEANS OF
LAMPS, AND IN IMPARTING HEAT TO VESSELS AND THEIR CONTENTS, ALSO APPLICABLE
TO COOKING AND TO OTHER PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
This Invention is applicable to the heating of various kinds or descriptions
of vessels, and generally for heating by the use or employment of the flame
produced in lamps of various kinds constructed for burning oils, or other
smoke-producing materials usually employed for giving light, as distinguished
from spirit lamps. The mode or method of employing or utilizing the heat
of flame from lamps in heating the fluid contents of vessels is, by forming
them with an internal flue or tube of any suitable form, and by removing the
glass chimney ordinarily employed for insuring perfect combustion in the pro-
duction of light, and placing the vessel as described upon or over the lamp in
such a position as the vertical flue or tube of the vessel will form an equiva-
lent for the glass chimney or flue previously employed. The form of the
vertical flue or tube may be varied so as to ensure the greatest heating surface
or means of abstracting the heat, and imparting it to the vessel and its
contents.
For other forms of vessels, and for other purposes where heat has to be

page_text: applied, the form of the wick of the lamps must be varied so as to present a
suitable proportion of surface to the hollow form of flue employed under the
present Invention.
For heating experiments, and for other purposes to which stoves are
commonly employed, I adapt the vertical flue form of arrangement previously
described, in such a manner as to enable the heat to be imparted to an
extended surface in accordance with the special purposes for which such
heating apparatus or stove may be required, and whether intended to be
employed for.cooking or other purposes.
Instead of forming the tube or flue as an ordinary lamp chimney, by which 1
the flame passes up direct, and the heat is therefore more free to escape, I vary
the form of the flue, and make it of a spiral or other suitable form, to increase
the extent of the heat-abstracting surface.
A NEW MEDICINAL PREPARATION APPLICABLE INTERNALLY FOR RHEUMATISM AND OTHER DISORDERS
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Etienne Reoche at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 30th September
1861.
I, ETIENNE REOCHE, of Rue D'Enghien, Paris, in the Empire of France,
Chemist, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "A NEW
MEDICINAL PREPARATION APPLICABLE INTERNALLY FOR RHEUMATISM AND OTHER
DISORDERS," to be as follows:-
My improved medicinal preparation consists of a medicine to be applied
internally, which is beneficial for rheumatism, neuralgia, gout, stomach, chest,
& liver complaints, cramps, flatulence, cholera, & to diseases in general con-
tagious or otherwise. I prepare it of the roots of the pomegranate and date
trees, to which may or may not be added that of a plant known in France as
santorée. These I macerate in brandy or other spirit alone, or it may be in
brandy & wine mixed, or in wine alone; I allow the whole to ferment, &
then bottle off & keep for use as required.