Improvements in Kilns or Ovens for Burning and Glazing Sanitary Ware and the like.
Year: 1892

page_text: Date of Application, 24th Feb., 1892-Accepted, 26th Mar., 1892
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Kilns or Ovens for Burning and Glazing Sanitary
Ware and the like.
I, CHARLES ARMSTRONG of the Mitre Hotel, Burnley, in the County of
Lancaster, Brick Maker, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in
what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascer-
tained in and by the following statement :-
This invention relates more particularly to that class of kilns or ovens, in which
sanitary ware and the like are burnt and glazed. In salt glazing in kilns or ovens
as at present constructed, a considerable amount of sooty matter becomes mixed
with the salt deposited in the fire-box before it is carried in a liquified state into
the kiln or oven by the current of heated gases.
My invention is designed firstly to prevent soot and the like discolouring matter
from becoming mixed with the salt. For this purpose, I place a midfeather or the
like in the fire box projecting downwards into the incandescent fuel, and leaving a
space or opening at the back of the midfeather, which opening is temporarily closed
by means of a suitable cover or damper. When the salt is required to be deposited,
instead of penetrating and disturbing the hardened crust or coked portion at the
top of the fire, and introducing the salt as has been customary, I raise the cover or
damper and introduce the salt through the space or opening at the back of the
midfeather and on the contrary side to that on which the green coal is deposited.
Under the old method, when the crust was disturbed, it naturally followed that
a certain amount of soot was thrown off, which becoming mixed with the salt
discoloured the salt glazing of the goods; whereas, by the application of the
midfeather in the manner described, the crust is left undisturbed, and soot and like
discolouring matter will be consumed before the flame and heated gases pass
beneath the midfeather to reach and liquify the salt, which is then carried by the
current and heated gases into the kiln and deposited upon the goods free from
discolouration.
My invention is also designed to prevent accumulation of liquified salt on the
underside of the roof of the kiln, by which accumulation the liquified salt has a
tendancy to fall in drops upon the goods beneath producing salt bloches of unsightly
appearance. This is principally caused by the excessive heat at the roof of the
kiln. To remedy this defect, I arrange a pipe or flue or a series of pipes or flues,
through which air is admitted near the base of the kiln, and is carried upwards and
discharged within the interior of the kiln along the roof to reduce the temperature
thereof, and so prevent the adhesion of the liquified salt thereto.
In the accompanying drawings
Fig. 1, Sheet 1, is an elevation in section of a kiln or oven constructed in
accordance with my invention.
F g. 2 is an elevation shewing the exterior of the kiln.
Fig. 3, Sheet 2, is a sectional elevation of the kiln, in which view is represented
an arrangement of external tubes or pipes, through which air is conveyed to reduce
the temperature at the roof.
A is the fire-space provided with a midfeather B or the like projecting down-
wards into the incandescent fuel, and leaving the space or opening C at the back of
the midfeather, which opening is temporarily closed by means of a suitable cover or
damper D. The fuel resting upon the fire bars E is built up, so as to cover the
lower end of the midfeather B; and instead of penetrating or disturbing the
hardened crust which gradually forms at the top of the fire (in order to introduce
the salt for glazing purposes) I raise the cover or damper D, and introduce the
salt at the back of the midfeather B through the space or opening C. The hardened

page_text: crust at the top of the fire is thus left undisturbed during the process of glazing,
and all tendancy of the goods to discolour, owing to the usual deposition of soot
and the like produced by the agitation of the coked portion at the top of the fire,
is obviated.
The second part of my invention is fully illustrated in Figs. 1 and 3, wherein F is
the pipe or flue (although a series of pipes or flues may be used, if desired) pro-
ceeding from the fire space to the roof of the kiln. Through the said pipe or flue
or series of pipes or flues Fair is admitted near the base of the kiln and carried
upwards and discharged along the roof of the kiln to reduce the temperature of
the surrounding heat which is usually very excessive, dampers G being used to
modify or regulate the passage of the air currents.
By these means the accumulation of liquified salt at the roof of the kiln through
the excessive heat is got rid of, and all unsightly blotches caused by the accumulated
liquified salt falling in drops on the goods under treatment below.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is:
1. The arrangement of midfeather B and cover D and opening C, substantially
as described and illustrated for the purpose set forth.
2. The arrangement of flucs or pipes for conducting air on the underside of the
roof to the kiln of reduce the temperature thereof substantially as described.
Dated this 22nd day of February 1892.
THOS. RICHMOND,
Agent.