matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVE- MENTS IN MACHINERY FOR COMBING WOOL AND OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Henry Bailey at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 5th
October 1863. Partly a communication from abroad by Isaac Bailey,
of Croix, near Lille, in the Empire of France.
I, WILLIAM HENRY BAILEY, of Keighley, in the County of York,
Mechanic, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN MACHINERY FOR COMBING WOOL AND OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS," to be
as follows:-
This Invention relates to improvements in machinery for combing wool and
other fibrous materials, in which the material is drawn in tufts from hackles
or other pointed instruments, by means of nipping apparatus, and consists,
first, in improved means for causing a clearing or screen comb to enter the
material at a point near or close to the nipping jaws. This I effect by mounting
the clearing comb on bars that are acted on by springs, that cause the comb
to follow and keep close to the nipping jaws at the time it is entering the
material, and when the comb has properly entered, its following motion
ceases, the tuft of wool is drawn through this comb, and is thus cleaned
from the point at which the clearing comb entered, the clearing comb retaining
the noil and dirt. I sometimes prefer using a graduated series of clearing
combs, having the coarser ones to act first on the material and the others in
succession.
A further improvement relates to the means applied for freeing the clearing
or screen comb from the noil and dirt that it has retained. In this class of
machinery a dabbing brush is usually employed for pressing the material

page_text: amongst the hackles or gills. I arrange this brush so that when it is lifted
from the gills it moves outward and follows the direction of the clearing comb
and keeping close behind it, so that when this comb rises it leaves the noil and
dirt on the brush. When the nippers again approach the hackles or gills the
upper nipping jaw pushes back the clearing comb and dabbing brush to their
former position, and on the brush again dabbing into the gills it leaves the
noil and dirt there to be subsequently taken hold of by the nippers.
IMPROVEMENTS IN FOUNTAINS
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Jean Nadal at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 29th January
1863.
F, JEAN NADAL, of Brookes' Market, Brook Street, Holborn, in the
County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN FOUNTAINS," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in fountains. For these
purposes an upper and a lower vessel are employed, which aro combined
together by a suitable stem or pillar. It is preferred that the upper vessel
should be in the form of a basin, whilst the lower vessel should be in the form
of a base, and that they should be combined by a stem or pillar, but other
devices or forms of vessels may be employed. The upper and lower vessels
are both closed. In the upper part of the upper vessel is a jet pipe which
descends to nearly the bottom of such upper vessel. There is also another
pipe descending from the upper part of the upper vessel down through such
vessel through the stem or pillar, and down into and nearly to the bottom of the
lower vessel. This pipe may be called the supply pipe, as it is by this pipe
that water or other fluid is supplied to the lower vessel, and by which also the
water or other fluid coming from the jet or jets descends into the lower vessel.
The upper vessel is supplied with water or other fluid by removing the jet
pipe. In addition to the above-mentioned pipe there is also another pipe
which by its lower end is fastened to the top of the lower vessel, and it ascends
through the upper vessel nearly to the top; by these means, supposing the
upper vessel to have been filled with water or other fluid, on pouring a quantity
of water or other fluid into the supply pipe such water will press on and

page_text: displace the air in the lower vessel, and cause it to ascend into the upper part
of the upper vessel, and thus cause the water or other fluid therein to be driven
through the jet pipe, and a continuous action of the fountain will take place
so long as there is any air to be driven into the upper vessel.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUC- TION OF PYROMETERS
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Holcroft at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 29th April
1868.
I, GEORGE HOLCROFT, of the City of Manchester, Engineer, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUC-
TION OF PYROMETERS," to be as follows:-
Pyrometers of the usual construction depend for their action upon the
unequal expansion of different metals, they are generally complicated and
liable to derangement, now my Invention consists in constructing pyrometers
with a column of mercury acted upon by a well adjusted current of heated
air.
In performing my Invention the bulb containing the mercury and the column
in which it rises are placed within a tube connected to a pipe placed within a
case or cases, which are inserted into the heating stove of a hot blast furnace,
or into the flue of a boiler, or in any other stove, oven, retort, or vessel, the
temperature in which is to be ascertained. Between the pipe and the case
or cases above referred to, a space is left which is open to the atmosphere, and
the air passing through this space becomes heated, it then passes through the
pipe and impinges against the bulb containing the mercury, which is thus
forced into the column near to which is a graduated scale to indicate the
temperature, the air after it has acted on the bulb is carried off through the
tube in which the bulb and column are placed.
IMPROVEMENTS IN FIRE-ARMS
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Neil Kennedy at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 9th December
1863.
I, NEIL KENNEDY, junior, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North
Britain, Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN FIRE-ARMS," to be as follows, that is to say:-
These improvements relate, in the first place, to a novel arrangement and
construction of that portion of a "fowling piece" or rifle, or generally similar
fire arm, commonly known by the name of the stock, whereby it is rendered
the charge or cartridge holder; secondly, to an apparatus for introducing the
cartridge from the stock into the breech end of the barrel; thirdly, to an
appliance for rendering the breech close after the charge is inserted; and,
fourthly, to an instrument for supplying the nipple with caps in a speedy
manner.
In carrying out the first part of this Invention a hole is bored or otherwise
formed longitudinally through the stock, terminating in one end at the butt,
and in the other at that portion of the stock immediately behind and concentric
with the bore of the barrel; this tubular hole has a lining of metal of the same.
interior diameter as the bore of the barrel, which hole also constitutes the.
charge or cartridge holder.
Secondly, for the purpose of adjusting the cartridge in its proper position in.
the barrel there is fitted into the after-mentioned tubular hole a piston capable
of being moved by a button extending from it through the side of the stock,.
in which a slot is cut of the same length as the hole, to enable the piston to.

page_text: be moved through the entire length of the hole; the cartridges are inserted in
front of the piston, and by forcing the latter they are introduced into the bore
of the gun.
Thirdly, for the purpose of closing the breech after the charge is inserted in
the barrel, and also to resist the explosive action of the charge, a metal plate,
moving on a hinge, is fitted and firmly secured in the opening by a spring and
detent.
Fourthly, to enable the nipple to be quickly supplied with caps, a steel band,
punctured with eight or ten or other number of holes to fix caps into, is
made to pass over the nipple and place the caps on it as the charge enters.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN PREPARING YARNS FOR PRINTING
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Henderson at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 18th August
1863.
I, JOHN HENDERSON, of Bradford, in the County of York, Carpet Manu-
facturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN PREPARING YARNS FOR PRINTING," to be as follows:-
Yarns to be printed or parti-colored are subjected to a bleaching process in
which sulphur is generally employed, and this sulphur if allowed to remain in
the yarn has an injurious effect upon the colors applied in the subsequent
printing processes. At present in order to remedy this evil such yarns are
subjected to repeated steeping and washing in water, but such steeping and
washing is found inefficient, and my improvements relate to the employment
of a solution of ammonia as the washing medium. By simply washing the
yarn in such solution the sulphur is removed. I find a proportion of one part
of double ammonia to ten parts of water answers well, but I do not confine
myself to these proportions.
A NEW AND IMPROVED ORNAMENTAL FABRIC
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Madders at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 10th June
1863.
I, WILLIAM MADDERS, of the City of Manchester, in the County of
Lancaster, Embroiderer by Machinery, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "A NEW AND IMPROVED ORNAMENTAL FABRIC," to be as
follows:-
My Invention relates to the production of ornamental fabrics to imitate
embroidered "watered silk" fabrics, and consists in first subjecting woven
fabrics made of the cheap class of fibres, such as cotton, to a method and
process of finishing known as "Winterbottom's process," which gives woven
cotton fabrics a "lustre," and produces a "watered effect," by which such
fabrics are made to resemble "watered silk ;" and then my Invention consists
in ornamenting fabrics so treated or operated upon by embroidering any
required design upon them by well-known embroidering machinery.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN COATING OR COVERING "CRINOLINE STEEL
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Briggs at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 18th August
1863.
I, JOHN BRIGGS, of Blackley, in the County of Lancaster, Engraver to
Calico Printers and Small Ware Manufacturers, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN COATING OR
COVERING "CRINOLINE STEEL," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to the coating or covering of that description of steel
now called and well known as "crinoline steel," usually made in a flat band,
and employed in the manufacture of a description of "skirt" used as wearing
apparal.
The improvements consist in coating or covering the said bands of steel
with paper, either in strips wound round the steel band as cotton has hitherto
been applied, and for which purpose similar machinery to that now so used
may be employed, or the paper may be cemented or secured in a longitu-
dinal direction upon the steel instead of encircling it. The chief feature of the
Invention being the application of paper to the covering of such bands of steel
as a substitute for the more expensive cotton covering now used.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN REAPING AND MOWING MACHINES, PART OF WHICH IMPROVEMENT IS APPLICABLE TO OTHER USEFUL PURPOSES
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Theodore Grace at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 22nd April
1863.
I, THEODORE GRACE, of the City and County of Bristol, Agricultural
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN REAPING AND MOWING MACHINES, PART OF WHICH IMPROVEMENT IS
APPLICABLE TO OTHER USEFUL PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
These improvements upon reaping and mowing machines as heretofore
constructed consist, firstly, of a novel form and arrangement of apparatus for
raking and delivering the cut corn (or grass) from the machine. On one end
of the shaft of the travelling wheels there is a bevil wheel which takes into a
bevil pinion on a longitudinal shaft at one side of the platform of the machine,
on this shaft there are three pulleys connected by endless chains or belts with
three corresponding pulleys on the opposite side of the platform; these endless
chains by means of suitable snugs give motion to a cross piece, and cause it to
traverse backward and forward from side to side of the machine. This cross
piece carries with it three (or more) rakes or teeth, which are held in a
vertical position whilst raking off the corn, but in the return movement they
lay horizontally under the platform. Or instead of the cross piece, motion is
given to chucks, which carry the rakes, by revolving studs which take hold of
the endless chains, and so communicate the necessary alternating motion.
This method of giving a reciprocating movement by the direct revolution of an
endless chain or belt may be applied to various useful purposes. By the

page_text: alternating movement of the teeth or rakes the cut corn (or grass) is swept
from the platform and delivered in a sheaf at the side of the machine. At the
delivery side of the platform there are teeth to prevent the corn from being
raked off until a sufficient quantity has been collected to form a sheaf, these
teeth are held in a vertical position by a catch, which is released by the action
of the machine when a sufficient quantity of corn has been gathered.
Secondly, in the use of a driving band for given motion to the cutting
knives. For this purpose a pulley is fixed on the driving wheel shaft, from
which an endless band passes to a corresponding pulley at the opposite end of
the machine; upon the axis of the last-named pulley there is a bevilled wheel
driving a pinion which carries a crank pin, from which a connecting rod passes
to the centre of the knife bar instead of the end, as heretofore. The finger bar
may be supported in its position by a fluted roller under the centre, or by
wheels as in other reaping machines.
AN IMPROVED HELM FOR WORKING THE RUDDERS OF SHIPS OR VESSELS
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Aimé Méhu at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 13th June 1863.
I, AIMÉ MEHU, of Petit Talard, near the Town of Saint Malo, in the
Empire of France, Mechanical Smith, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "AN IMPROVED HELM FOR WORKING THE RUDDERS OF SHIPS OR
VESSELS," to be as follows:-
The Invention consists in a mechanical contrivance for imparting motion to
the rudders of ships or vessels, by which tiller ropes or chains, pullies, and.
their appendages will be dispensed with. It is composed of very few pieces,
consisting of a clasp or hoop fitted near the top of the rudder shaft or head, from
which hoop projects horizontally a stem or bar expanding into a socket at the
end furthest from the rudder head, the said socket receiving freely a vertical
lever carried by a shaft provided with a cog wheel, which is actuated by teeth
cut on the shaft of the ordinary steering wheel. The action is as follows:-
On turning the steering wheel to the right or left the teeth cut on its shaft,
into the cog on the shaft carrying the lever, which latter acts on the horizontal
stem projecting from the hoop on the rudder head, and the rudder obeying the
impulse thus given steers the ship.
gear
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SHOW CARDS
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Hogg, junior, at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 8th June
1863.
I, JAMES HOGG, junior, of No. 49, Fleet Street, in the City of London, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF SHOW CARDS," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in improvements whereby show cards, such as are
used in quantity for public exhibition, may be manufactured so as to pack
singly for transmission by post or otherwise without injury, and be so manufac-
tured in such an economical manner as is desirable. for announcements
requiring extensive publicity. If printed on cardboard or other solid
material I manufacture the show card in the usual manner, but cut it into strips
(horizontal strips preferable as not interfering with the reading, which can be
arranged in lines so as to avoid the positions requiring to be cut), and join these
strips together by hinging them. The hinges may be either metallic ones
riveted to the show card, or pieces of calico, parchment, paper, leather, or
other suitable material glued or affixed to the strips of the show card so as to
form a hinge. If printed on paper, calico, or other suitable thin material I
"mount" the show card on pasteboard or cardboard, but not all in one piece.
I cut the said material for "mounting"
mounting" into strips (horizontal strips pre-
ferable as allowing the positions of the reading to be kept unbroken by
arranging not to cut through letters), and glue or affix these strips to the
back of the paper, calico, or other suitable thin material, upon which the

page_text: reading is printed, leaving a space between each strip, so as to allow the show
card to fold together in a zig-zag manner similar to a folded map. The spaces
left between the strips of "mounting" form with the material to which it is
affixed a simple but sufficient hinge. The number of pieces or folds may be
regulated at pleasure. In this manner the show card can be made to fold into
several pieces which will be flat together, and by thus being reduced in size and
made compact and portable, the show card can be sent by post or otherwise
with much less damage for after exhibition than if a large single sheet of thin
pasteboard had to be so sent.
I distinctly disclaim anything in the form of sample or pattern books or
cards rolling over and over (such as are at present in use for the preservation
and exhibition of tailors' patterns).
I claim as novel, useful, and of my Invention, the manufacture of show
cards in pieces jointed or hinged together in the manner and for the purpose
herein-before described.
AN IMPROVEMENT OR IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PENS
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Page and Alfred Thomas
Wayne at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 9th May 1863.
We, JOSEPH PAGE, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Manu-
facturer, and ALFRED THOMAS WAYNE, of the same Place, Tool Maker, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVEMENT OR
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PENS," to be as follows, that is to say :-
Our Invention consists in making pens from aluminium alloyed with copper,
or what is generally termed aluminium bronze, by which we obtain an
incorrodible pen resembling gold at a low cost.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN PRESSER FLYERS' TO BE EMPLOYED IN PREPARING, SPINNING, AND DOUBLING COTTON AND OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Parker at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with bis Petition, on the 15th August
1868.
I, ROBERT PARKER, of Atherton, in the County of Lancaster, Spindle and
Flyer Maker, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "CERTAIN
IMPROVEMENTS IN PRESSER FLYERS' TO BE EMPLOYED IN PREPARING, SPINNING,
AND DOUBLING COTTON AND OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS," to be as follows:-
The Invention relates to that part of the now well known "centrifugal presser
flyer" employed in preparing, doubling, and spinning cotton, termed the
presser " and "presser rod." Hitherto the "presser rod," which carries the
presser
at the lower extremity, has been suspended by various methods
from projections attached outside the "flyer leg," whereby the vertical centro
of the rod is situated considerably away from the centre of the flyer leg.
The first part of my improvements consist in suspending the said "presser
and rod" from the "flyer leg" itself by forming an aperture therein to receive
the bent end of the rod, and thus dispensing with any projecting piece, and
also bringing the vertical centres of the "flyer leg" and "presser rod" nearer
together.
Secondly, my Invention consists in forming the "presser" of a light rod or
wine (without any flat pressing piece) the extremity of which is simply curved
or hooked" to hold the yarn and guide it on to the bobbin.

page_text: A third part of the Invention consisting in the novel application, employment,
and use of steel instead of iron in the manufacture of the "presser" and
presser rod," by which means, together with the improved construction of
the "presser" before named, considerable lightness is obtained, and less
vibration is caused in the revolution of the flyer.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF SOIL-PITS, AND IN THE MODE OF EMPTYING THE SAME
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James John Shedlock at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 10th July
1868. A communication from Adolphe Kolb and Théodore de Léven-
hagen, residing at No. 24, Rue de Dunkerque, Paris, in the Empire of
France.
I, JAMES JOHN SHEDLOCK, of No. 12, Abingdon Street, in the City of West-
minster, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF SOIL-PITS, AND IN THE MODE OF
EMPTYING THE SAME," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to improvements in the construction and mode of
emptying privy and other soil-pits, as shewn in the accompanying Drawing,
in which a, a, represent the pit with lining and vault in masonry; b, b, the
entry pipe; c, c, c, conduits by which the gases disengaged in the pit are
carried to the flue d,d; e is an opening formed in the key of the vault and
covered by a plate or flag, in which are pierced three orifices. The first of
those orifices at e serves as man-hole, the second gives passage when required
to the pipe f, f, of the pump 9, 9, and the third to the tube h, h, h, which
carries back to the pit the gases disengaged (during the emptying) in the
recipient o; 9, 9, is an ordinary clearing pump; i, connexion of the pipe f,f;
k, connexion of the tube h, h, h; l, gauge; m, discharge orifice of the
recipient o; n cover of the entry conduit.
By application of the above improvements we obtain a perfect aeration of
the pit and consequent suppression of mephitic emanations even during the
process of emptying while dispensing with the use of water and disinfectants.
THE PREPARATION OF A FLUID FOR RENEWING THE SURFACE OF JAPANNED AND ENAMELLED LEATHERS AND CLOTHS
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Hoey at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 23rd May
1863.
I, WILLIAM HOEY, of Great George Street, Bermondsey, in the County of
Surrey, Tanner and Currier, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "THE PREPARATION OF A FLUID FOR RENEWING THE SURFACE OF JAPANNED
AND ENAMELLED LEATHERS AND CLOTHS," to be as follows:-
The composition or fluid I prepare of paraffine or rock oil, oil of lavender,
citrionel essence, and spirit of ammonia, somewhat in the following propor-
tions: I take, say, two ounces of paraffine, or it may be rock oil, or a
mixture of both, in any proportion, to which I add one quarter of a drachm of
oil of lavender, one quarter of a drachm of citrionel essence, and half an ounce
of spirit of ammonia; when the whole are thoroughly mixed I simply apply
this fluid lightly on the surface of the leather or cloth, the lustre of whose
surface may have become tarnished, and which instantly restores it. The
fluid or mixture is applicable for boots, harness, and all surfaces of enamelled or
japanned leather or cloth; I sometimes add ivory or lampblack to color the
mixture in order to darken parts of the leather or cloth where the surface may
have been abraded or otherwise damaged.
IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR DISENGAGING SHIPS' BOATS
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Thorne at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 14th February
1863.
I, THOMAS THORNE, of Southsea, in the County of Hants, Carpenter, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR
DISENGAGING SHIPS' BOATS," to be as follows:-
This Invention is intended to facilitate the instant disengaging of a ship's
boat from the davit tackle falls (when lowered into the water) in such a manner
that both ends of the boat are disengaged simultaneously by the single action
of one lever. To the keel of the boat two sockets are firmly bolted, and into
these sockets are passed the lower ends of two suspending rods, the ends being
formed with long slots, and the sockets provided with bolts passing through
the slots in such a manner as to allow of the suspending rods having a certaip
amount of vertical motion in the sockets, but not of their being withdrawn
entirely. At the upper end of each suspending rod is a slip hook which is
kept closed by a guard link attached by a rod to the socket and sliding on the
suspending rod. The boat is supported by passing two hooks attached to two
blocks (running in the bight of the davit tackle falls) into the slip hooks at the
upper ends of the two suspending rods. The stem and stern of the boat are
supported by means of links or rods connecting them respectively to the slip
hooks. When the boat is hanging at the davits the suspending rods are held
fast in the sockets by means of two locking bolts, both connected to one rod, the
end of which is attached to a lever in the stern or other convenient part of the
boat.
When the boat is lowered into the water, upon pulling this lever both

page_text: bolts are simultaneously withdrawn, when the suspending rods slide in the
sockets just sufficient to draw the guard links off the ends of the slip hooks,
thus instantaneously disengaging the boat from the falls at both ends.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ENVELOPES
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Marsden at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 20th February
1868.
1, WILLIAM MARSDEN, of 49, Old Bailey, in the County of Middlesex,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN ENVELOPES," to be as follows, that is to say:-
I form spring locks of any suitable metal by means of dies and pressure,
and folding and overlapping the same so that the slot is just above the recess
in the front part of the lock to allow the tongue of the seal portion to pass
into it with ease and facility, and occasionally through the lower portion
thereof; the tongue passes through the lower portion of the lock in some
cases, and in others it is confined within the lock by means of a portion
of the lock being formed as a flat spring laying on the back or front of
the lock as may be most desirable. This tongue is attached to the under part
of the foldings of the envelope with two or more fangs which are cut in the
lock, one of which forms the lip of the slotted part which is passed through the
paper and pressed down, and this forms the entrance of the lock; the other
fang is above it, this is passed through and pressed down the reverse way.
By these means the lock is firmly secured to the inside of the envelope; the
outer portion of the spring lock fastening is also of metal of such thickness as
may be best suited to the purpose, and is embossed or plain as required so as
to represent a seal with a tongue which is bent either in front or behind to
form the spring or stamped up into a raised catch or formed by any other
means, so that the spring position of the lock or of itself may hold it secure

page_text: when in the lock. This seal is attached to the outside of the flap of the
envelope by means of fangs which form part of the seal; these fangs pass
through the flap from the front of the envelope and are pressed down on the
under side. To close the envelope the tongue with the spring or other fastening
is passed into the slot of the lock which expands into the recess in the back
of the lock, and catches against the edge of the recess which is cut and pressed
up so as to form a projecting part which catches on the spring of the tongue
or back, as the case may be, from which it can be removed only by destroying
the envelope. The locks may be made of thin metal, I prefer iron tag plate.
The seal part may be of gold, silver, copper, iron, tin, or any suitable metal or
other material and with any device or configuration required.
IMPROVEMENTS IN VESSELS IN WHICH TO COOL AND TRANSPORT FATTY OR OLEAGINOUS MATTERS, SUCH AS TALLOW, LARD, PALM OIL, AND THE LIKE
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Geno Winter and Carroll
Eugene Gray at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 16th January 1868.
We, JOHN GENO WINTER and CARROLL EUGENE GRAY, both of Great
Suffolk Street, Borough, in the County of Surrey, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN VESSELS IN WHICH TO COOL AND
TRANSPORT FATTY OR OLEAGINOUS MATTERS, SUCH AS TALLOW, LARD, PALM OIL,
AND THE LIKE," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in employing metal instead of wood in the construc-
tion of portable vessels intended to cool and transport fatty or oleaginous
matters. Hitherto coolers employed for the above purposes have been made
and used as fixtures, thereby requiring the cooled matter to be afterwards
placed in portable vessels for transportation, and said vessels being made of
wood are subject to the following disadvantages: first, leakage at the joints of
the staves; secondly, requiring frequent repairs; and, thirdly, loss of the
contents by soakage thereof into the pores of the wood; all of these objections
we propose to obviate by forming said vessels of metal, by the use of which
the market value of the fatty matters contained therein is improved, the vessels
are more durable, less expensive to keep in repair, and not subject to leakage
and soakage. We propose to måke the above vessels either cylindrical or
slightly taper, with an air-tight bottom. The top thereof has holes formed
around same for sewing thereto cloth or other material to cover the contents
of said vessels when used for transportation; or, if desirable, a loose metal

page_text: head may be made to fit air-tight into said vessels. We would remark, that
in using the aforesaid metal vessels as coolers, and by not fixing or setting
them, as commonly practised, the metal being a good conductor of heat, the
cooling is more rapid, which is an important feature in cooling fatty matters,
especially tallow, to prevent granulation thereof, and further, less stirring is
required during the cooling, thereby effecting a saving in labor.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS APPLIED TO PERAMBULATORS, INVALID CHAIRS, AND OTHER CARRIAGES
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas George Lewis at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 18th January
1863.
I, THOMAS GEORGE LEWIS, of Cumberland Place, Newington Butts, in the
County of Surrey, Perambulater Maker, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS APPLIED TO PERAMBULATORS,
INVALID CHAIRS, AND OTHER CARRIAGES," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to the application of movable arms to perambulators,
invalid chairs, and other carriages for the purpose of holding or supporting
children, invalids, and other persons in such vehicles, and also to offer support
or rest for the arms. For this purpose I use a frame adapted and fixed to the
back of the carriage, and so as to be immediately behind the back of the child,
invalid, or other person; on this frame I mount two iron rods on which are
sliding sockets which slide up and down thereon, to these sockets are fitted
by joints two bent arms which when moved to the backward position leave
free ingress and egress to and from the vehicle, but when brought forward
come across the chest or other part of the child or person intended to be
supported. Binding screws are fitted to the sockets so as to permit of the
adjustment and fixing of the arms at any suitable height, the same fixing may
also secure the arms in their forward or backward position, or a strap and
buckle or other connection may unite the arms at the front. The arms I
prefer to make of metal and with a curved portion suitable for resting the

page_text: arms of the child or other person, but which are suitably stuffed or padded,
and covered to render them agreeable as supports. Instead of the upright
bars carrying the sliding sockets being on a separate frame they may be fixed
to the back of the carriage.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF MATCHETS AND SWORDS
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Burchley Watts at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 16th February
1863.
I, JOHN BURCHLEY WATTS, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick,
Sword and Bayonet Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF MATCHETS AND SWORDS,"
to be as follows:-
In manufacturing matchets according to my Invention I employ bars of
steel of the kind commonly employed for the manufacture of matchets, and
known in commerce as matchet steel. The said matchet steel is about the
width of the matchet to be made, and is rolled of the form of the middle part
of the blade of a matchet. I cut the said matchet steel into the required
lengths by oblique cuts or divisions, and I form one end of each piece of steel
into the tang, and the other end into the point of a matchet, by means of rolls.
I form the tang at that end of the piece of steel which forms an obtuse angle
with the thick or back edge of the said piece of steel. In forming the said
tang I employ a pair of rolls. One or both of the said rolls are slightly
excentric to their axes, and one of the said rolls has a portion of its cylindrical
surface cut away to permit of the introduction of the piece of steel between
the rolls. The heated end being passed between the said rolls, the thick or
back edge is elongated more than the thin edge, and the tang end is thus made
of nearly the same thickness and of nearly the same length on both edges.
The tang is completed in the ordinary manner. In making the point end of

page_text: the matchet I first flatten and taper the back edge by cross rolling, and
I afterwards curve the required part of the matchet; this I effect by means
of rolls, the acting surfaces of which are slightly inclined to one another. In
inserting the piece of steel between the rolls, the edge, which is to be curved of
a convex figure, is turned towards the ends of the rolls where their surfaces
are nearest together. The matchet is finished in the ordinary manner.
I form the points of swords by the process described with reference to the
points of matchets.
POUNDED GLASS POWDER FOR CLEANING METALS AND ALSO FOR TOOTH POWDER
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Jean Darrieux at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 17th July
1863.
I, JEAN DARRIEUX, of Candéran, in the Department of Gironde, in the
Empire of France, Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "POUNDED GLASS POWDER FOR CLEANING METALS AND ALSO FOR TOOTH
POWDER," to be as follows:-
The powder, the subject of my Invention, is obtained by sifting the pounded
glass which has been used in the manufacture of glass paper. When used for
polishing or cleaning plates of glass, brass, or copper, or other similar articles
I mix with the powder in various proportions, according to requirement, refrac
tory or other clay or emery, and use with water. When to be used as a
dentifrice, for which it will be found very desirable, I add an aromatic or other
perfume, in proportion suited to the wants of the customer.
IMPROVEMENTS IN FIRE-BARS AND BEARERS
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Taylor, at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 13th March
1863.
I, JOHN TAYLOR, of Burnley, in the County of Lancaster, Cotton Spinner,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
FIRE-BARS AND BEARERS," to be as follows:-
My improvements in fire-bars consist, firstly, in constructing fire-bars with a
number of taper holes or openings, which holes or openings are made horizon-
tally through the strengthening rib or belly of the bar; by reason of the holes
or openings being made taper, a much greater supply of atmospheric air is
obtained, which assists the combustion of the gaseous products of the fuel.
Secondly, in the top or surface of the bars is a wide groove running longi-
tudinally the whole length thereof, these grooves becoming filled with the fine
ashes protect the bars from the heat of the fire, and also prevent the adhesion
of "clinker," thus adding greatly to the durability of the said bars.
Thirdly, I construct fire-bars with the taper holes or openings as herein-
before described, but instead of the longitudinal groove in the surface thereof
I construct them with a number of projections cast across and on the surface
of each bar, forming alternate projections and spaces; these spaces answer and
are for a similar purpose to the longitudinal groove described in the bar
above. The "bearers" or cross rails which support the fire-bars are perforated
with a number of taper holes or openings for facilitating the admission of
atmospheric air to the bars and fire.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BLOWING ORGANS AND OTHER SUCH MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS, PARTS OF WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE ALSO APPLICABLE TO OBTAINING MOTIVE-POWER FOR OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Tudor Mabley and William
Thomas Cheetham at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 5th February 1863.
We, WILLIAM TUDOR MABLEY, of Altrincham, in the County of Chester,
Mechanical Engineer, and WILLIAM THOMAS CHEETHAM, of Ashton-under-
Lyne, in the County of Lancaster, Mechanical Draftsman, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN BLOWING ORGANS
AND OTHER SUCH MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS, PARTS OF WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE ALSO
APPLICABLE TO OBTAINING MOTIVE-POWER FOR OTHER PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
Our Invention relates, firstly, to apparatus being a substitute for the ordinary
bellows used in blowing organs and similar musical instruments. For this
purpose we employ a flexible bag or tube disposed in a cylindrical form and
cause it to revolve against a roller or a roller to revolve thereon, so that the air
as it is drawn in at one end is expelled at the other.
Another part of our Invention relates to a method of giving motion to the
bellows of organs applicable also to other cases in which comparatively small
motive powers are required. For this purpose we employ a wheel having vanes
or teeth upon its circumference, and on these we cause water to be injected in
such a conition as to form a jet and acting therefore by impulsive force, the said
wheel being mounted so as to revolve free of the fluid. At the backs of the
vanes or teeth we leave openings so as to allow the water to escape readily.
For the supply of water we propose when available to use the ordinary public
service pipes. In order to regulate or govern the motive power we close

page_text: or partially close the orifice of the jet, a peculiar method of doing which
consists in causing a conical spindle or wedge-formed piece to be drawn back-
ward or forward so as to contract or enlarge the opening. Or we employ two
or more jets and cause them to be closed in succession. As applied specially
to organs or other such musical instruments we propose to connect the "draw
stops" by levers or other suitable mechanism with the parts which regulate
the supply of the motive power, whereby more or less power may be obtained
according to the requirements.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN SHIRT COLLARS, AND BOYS' AND LADIES' COLLARS
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Wellington Williams at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 9th July
1868.
I, WELLINGTON WILLIAMS, of Gutter Lane, Cheapside, in the City of
London, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for " IMPROVE-
MENTS IN SHIRT COLLARS, AND BOYS' AND LADIES' COLLARS," to be as follows:-
The principle of this Invention is the combination. of pieces equivalent to
those parts of the inner band of an ordinary turn-down collar which contain
the button holes, with the outside or turn-down part, in such a manner as to
leave a slit or opening through or under which the tie passes, thereby obtaining
the appearance of an ordinary turn-down collar with much less material than
usual. This collar, with pieces equivalent to parts of the inner band, together
with the slit or opening, may be cut in one piece, or the pieces equivalent to
parts of the inner band may be cut separately, and attached to the piece
equivalent to the outside or turn-down piece, either at top and bottom, so as
to leave a slit or opening through which the tie passes, or the pieces may be
attached at top only, so as to allow of any kind of tie being used with the
collar.
The same principle is also applicable for boys' and ladies' collars.
Im- PROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR DRAWING, SLUBBING, ROVING, AND SPINNING COTTON AND OTHER FIBROUS MATERIAL
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Seed at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 11th June
1863.
I, WILLIAM SEED, of Derby Street, Preston, in the County of Lancaster,
Machine Maker, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "Im-
PROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR DRAWING, SLUBBING, ROVING, AND SPINNING
COTTON AND OTHER FIBROUS MATERIAL," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object "Improvements in Machinery for Drawing,
Slubbing, Roving, and Spinning Cotton and other Fibrous Material." Here-
tofore in machinery of this description the slivers or rovings as they enter the
machine pass between three or other number of pairs of rollers; the lower
rollers of each pair are caused to revolve at suitable speeds, the upper rollers
rest on the lower rollers, their axes working in slots, so that they can rise or
fall, and in order to cause the upper roller of the last pair of rollers (which
are driven at a greater surface speed than the other rollers) to press suffi-
ciently on the slivers or rovings; the central portion of the upper roller. has
had a groove formed around it on which a weighted hook is hung; an endless
tape passed over the roller, and having a weight applied to it, has also been
used for the same purpose. Now, according to my Invention, I employ an
additional roller above, and resting upon the top roller of the last pair of
rollers, so that it will revolve with it; the pins or axes of this roller work.

page_text: between slots in the framing, so that the roller can rise or fall, and the
roller is of sufficient weight to cause the common top roller to press sufficiently
on the fluted roller below it to secure an uniform draught of the material.
The additional weighted roller is covered with flannel to take up any waste
adhering to the ordinary top roller.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE TREATMENT OF MINERAL OILS
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Fehr at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 27th February
1863.
I, HENRY FEHR, Merchant and Distiller, of 63, Fenchurch Street, London,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
TREATMENT OF MINERAL OILS," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in the manufacture of.
petroleums, rock oils, Cuba rock oil, Rangoon oil or earth oil, by treatment
of carbonic or carbonic and chlorine gas together, produced by the action of
acid on lime or chloride of lime.
I first take a certain quantity of petroleum and add a certain proportion
(according to the quality of the oil) of lime or chloride of lime and then add
acid. I allow the gas to act on the oil until the latter has acquired the
necessary quality and the desired smell.
IMPROVEMENTS. IN MACHINERY FOR CUTTING CORKS, BUNGS, GUN WADS, AND OTHER SIMILAR ARTICLES
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Davies and George Cate
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on
the 6th November 1863.
We, WILLIAM DAVIES and GEORGE CATE, both of 151, North Street, Old
Road, Stepney, in the County of Middlesex, Cork Cutters, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS. IN MACHINERY FOR CUTTING
CORKS, BUNGS, GUN WADS, AND OTHER SIMILAR ARTICLES," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists of a foundation plate, at one end of which is cast
two ribs of equal height. Between these two ribs a roller is mounted with
bearings at each end; the roller has a slot or groove, and attached thereto is a
round or oblong pin fixed in a slide, which pin when working travels along the
slot or groove in the roller and causes it to revolve. The machine is put in motion
by a forward and backward action. The forward action causes the said slotted
roller to revolve half a circle, and the return or backward action the other half
circle. This mechanical motion enables a knife of any given length to traverse
twice its length in cutting a circular cork or bung, suited either for ordinary
purposes or gun wads. On the other end of the foundation plate is a standard
which acts on its own axis, and in the middle of the foundation plate near one
end of the said ribs is a corresponding standard. Near the ribs is a long bar,
which, when working, traverses forward and then backward; on it are fixed
two clams, and between these clams a suitable knife is introduced, which cuts
the cork into a circle of any required size or length. There is also fixed on

page_text: the foundation plate three brackets; in each bracket is a circular wheel or
roller so arranged that, in working, these wheels or rollers shall keep the edge
of the knife in cutting order. There are also fixed at one end of the founda-
tion plate two brackets, through which a slide passes with clams or holders
attached, in which the piece of cork to be cut is placed.