IMPROVE- MENTS IN MACHINERY FOR BORING Rocks
Year: 1866

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Samuel Richards, of Crosby House, Bishopsgate
Street Within, in the City of London, for the Invention of "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN MACHINERY FOR BORING Rocks."-Partly a communication from
abroad by Fritz Abegg residing at Emmendingen, in the Grand Duchy
Sealed the 3rd October 1866, and dated the 5th April 1866.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Samuel Richards at the
: Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 5th
April 1866.
I, SAMUEL RICHARDS, of Crosby House, Bishopsgate Street Within, in the
City of London, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR BORING ROCKS," the same being the result
partly of a communication to me from abroad by Fritz Abegg, resident at
Emmendiggen, in the grand Duchy of Baden, and partly of Invention and
discovery made by me, the said Samuel Richards, to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to certain improvements in machinery for boring
rocks, whereby the hardest rock may be pierced in the same manner as iron
is bored, provided the boring tool be pressed against the rock with sufficient
force.
The machinery consists of a slow-threaded screw, the head of which is made
sufficiently large and solid to allow of a square recess being cut therein for
the reception and holding of a boring tool. The screw is held in position by
means of a nut having a female screw thread cut therein, such nut being
fixed in a pipe or tube, the nut being formed of steel and the tube of wrought

page_text: iron. The end of the tube furthest from the nut and boring tool is closed by
a cast-iron plug, somewhat in the form of a dome, or of a conical form, the
surface or end of the plug being faced with steel. The plug and face are
bored through for the purpose of receiving a steel pivot, the enlarged head of
which projects in the rear of the machine, the diameter of the head of the
pin being about three-tenths of an inch less than the diameter of the screw,
such diameter being equal to that of the face of the plug against which the
head of the pin bears. The extremity of the head of the pivot is brought to
a point, and forms the basis of resistance of the machine. When it is
desired to operate the borer this pointed head must be brought to bear upon
some unyielding object capable of resisting the power of the screw against the
solid rock. Between the screw head containing the boring tool and the tube
n steel lever is applied to the square shaft of the screw; this lever is worked
by a reciprocating hand motion, the female square cut gripper being con-
tained in a circular rack, actuated by a pall contained in the lever; it thus
follows that when the machine is firmly fixed against the face of a rock and
the lever is brought to bear upon the screw, the screw will travel round out
of the fixed nut from the tube and cause the boring implement to penetrate
the rock. In order to prevent the tube itself from rotating during the motion
of the screw four handles or jutting stay pieces are fixed to the periphery of
the tube near the plug; they are brought parallel towards the middle portion
of the tube and are then bent outwards at right angles, or thereabouts, forming
radii to the central line of the machine. These abutting arms are for the
purpose of being controlled by the knee of the workman while he is boring,
but if an excessively hard piece of rock should resist the efforts of the boring
tool, and therefore cause an excessive degree of friction upon the screw threads
and the face of the plug and pivot on which the tube is adjusted, then by
reason of the increase in diameter and bearing surface of the screw over that
of the plug and pivot, it will follow that the tube will turn, carrying the
fixed nut with it, and prevent the borer from further inward motion. When
the pressure is excessive, of course the handles are let loose, and must be
stopped again according to the discretion and experience of the workman.
The borer or tool is to be made unsymmetrical in order to prevent it from
sticking fast in the bore or hole of the rock. One lap of the edge should be
about two-tenths of an inch longer than the other, and therefore the diameter
of the bore becomes two-tenths of an inch larger than the diameter of the
edge, so that the borer may be readily extricated even from a horizontal hole
when it is turned to and fro with a suitable irou key for the purpose.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed.
by the said Samuel Richards in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
5th October 1866.
. TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, SAMUEL
RICHARDS, of Crosby House, Bishopsgate Street Within, in the City of London,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Fifth day of April, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and sixty-six, in the twenty-ninth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said Samuel Richards, Her special licence that I, the said Samuel Richards,
my.executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Samuel
Richards, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agrée
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during
the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise,,
and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY FOR BORING ROCKS," the same being the result partly of a communi-
cation to me from abroad by Fritz Abegg, resident at Emmendiggen, in the
Grand Duchy of Baden, and partly of Invention and discovery made by me
the said Samuel Richards, upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the
said Samuel Richards, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in
writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should par-
ticularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the
Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately
after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Samuel Richards, do hereby declare the
nature. of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement.
4.
This Invention consists of certain improvements in the construction of
machinery. for boring rocks, whereby the hardest rock may be pierced in the
same manner as iron is bored, provided the boring tool be pressed against the
rocks with sufficient force.
The machinery consists of a slow-threaded screw, the head of which is
made sufficiently large and solid to allow of a square recess being cut there!!!
'
;
1

page_text: for the reception and holding of a boring tool. The screw is held in position
by means of a nut having a female screw thread cut therein,, such nut being
fixed in a pipe or tube, the nut being formed of steel and the tube of wrought
iron. The end of the tube furthest from the nut and boring tool is closed by
a cast iron, plug somewhat in the form of a dome, or of a conical form, the
surface or end of the plug being faced with steel. The plug and face are
bored through for the purpose of receiving a steel pivot the enlarged-head of
which projects in the rear of the machine; the diameter of the head of the
pin being about three-tenths of an inch less than the diameter of the serew,
such diameter being equal to that of the face of the plug against-which-tho
head of the pin bears. The extremity of the head of the pivot is brought to
When it is desired
a point, and forms the basis of resistance of the machine.
to operate the borer, this pointed head must be brought to bear upon some
unyielding object capable of resisting the power of the screw against the
solid rock. Between the screw head containing the boring-tool and the tube
a steel lever is applied to the square shaft of the screw; this lever is worked
by a reciprocating hand motion, the female square cut gripper being contained
in a circular rack actuated by a pall contained in the lever; it thus follows
that when the machine is firmly fixed against the face of a rock, and the
lever is brought to bear upon the screw, the screw will travel round out of
the fixed nut from the tube and cause the boring implement to penetrate the
rock. In order to prevent the tube itself from rotating during the motion-of
the screw four handles or jutting stays are fixed to the periphery of
the tube near the plug; they are brought parallel towards the middle portion
of the tube, and are then bent outwards at right angles, or thereabouts,
forming radii to the central line of the machine. These abutting arms are
for the purpose of being controlled by the knee of the workman while he is
boring, but if an excessively hard piece of rock should resist the efforts of the
boring tool, and therefore cause an excessive degree of friction upon the
screw threads and the face of the plug and pivot on which the-tube is adjusted,
then; by reason of the increase in diameter and bearing surface of the screw
over that of the plug and pivot, it will follow that the.tube-will turn carrying
the fixed nut with it and prevent the borer from fnrther inward. motion..
When the pressure is excessive of course the handles are let loose and must
be stopped again according to the direction and experience of the workman.
The borer or tool is to be made unsymmetrical in order to prevent it from.
sticking fast in the bore or hole of the rock. One lap of the edge should be
about two-tenths of an inch longer than the other, and therefore the diameter
of the bore becomes two-tenths of an inch larger than the diameter of the

page_text: edge, so that the borer may be readily extricated even from a horizontal hole
when it is turned to and fro with a suitable iron key for the purpose.
In order that the said Invention may be perfectly understood I annex the
accompanying Sheet of Drawings, in which Fig. 1 represents a longitudinal
section of the borer, constructed according to the foregoing description. a is
the tube; b, the screw; c, the nut; and d, the boring tool holder; e, the point or
basis of resistance to the machine; Fig. 2 is the steel pivot. f,f, Fig. 1, shew
the form of the arms, handles, or stay pieces fixed to the periphery of the tube
near the plug, for the purpose of preventing the tube from rotating. Fig. 3
is a section of the nut c; and Fig. 4 a side view of the boring tool.
Fig. 5 is a side view, and Fig. 6 a plan view, of the lever for working the
screw. a is a steel lever; b, the square cut for the gripper; c, the rack;
and d, the pall controlled by a spring. This rack lever is applied to Fig. I
as shewn at z. A brake should be applied to the machine at A, A, for the
purpose of regulating the speed of the borer.
Having now described the nature of the said Invention, and the manner
in which the same is to be performed, I would remark in conclusion that I
do not limit myself to the precise details and configuration of parts I have
expressed and shewn, as the same may obviously be varied or modified
without in any way departing from the principles on which the Invention is
based; but what I claim and desire to be secured to me by the herein in part
recited Letters Patent are, the general construction and arrangement of
parts constituting the "Improvements in Machinery for Boring Rocks,"
substantially as herein specified and shewn.
In witness whereof, I, the said Samuel Richards, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Fifth day of October, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-six.
Witness,
ALEX. PRINCE,
Office for Patents,
4, Trafalgar Square,
Charing Cross.
S. RICHARDS. (LS.)