IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PROCESS OF AND MACHINERY FOR MANUFACTURING HAT BODIES
Year: 1859

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Alfred Vincent Newton, of the Office for Patents,
66, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Mechanical Draughts-
man, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PROCESS OF AND
MACHINERY FOR MANUFACTURING HAT BODIES."-A communication from
abroad, by Andrew Campbell, of New York, in the United States of
America.
Sealed the 11th November 1859, and dated the 9th September 1859.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Alfred Vincent Newton
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 9th September 1859.
I, ALFRED VINCENT NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery Lane,
in the County of Middlesex, Mechanical. Draughtsman, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PROCESS OF AND
MACHINERY FOR MANUFACTURING HAT BODIES," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to obviate the defects of pre-existing
machines in a simple manner, so as to diminish the complexity of the
machinery, and at the same time increase the efficiency and facilitate its
operation. To this end the feed motion is mounted on an adjustable frame,
hinged to the main frame, and so arranged that the picker cylinders, which

page_text: deliver the flocculent material to the hollow perforated cones, may be brought
into any required degree of proximity therewith. When a cone is to receive
a bat, it is brought directly in front of the picker and with its axis parallel or
nearly parallel thereto, but it has no vibratory motion imparted to it, while at
the same time no trunk or directrice is interposed between the two.
Combined with the ordinary picking cylinder is a second picking cylinder,
which runs in the opposite direction to the first one, and removes the fur
which would otherwise tend to adhere to the surface of the first, picks it
thorougbly, and delivers it in such manner that the fur from the two picking
cylinders forms one current, whose direction is controlled by the positions of
the two cylinders.
To enable the manufacturer to use short fur with advantage, and to permit
any particular portion of the hat body to be formed of such stock as may be
deemed best suited for the purpose, the flocculent fur is distributed upon the
perforated cone in a determinate manner by varying the feed to the picking
cylinder.
To render the operation of the machine continuous, a series of perforated
cones is employed, which cones receive the fur in succession from the picker
cylinders. These cones are mounted on spindles slightly inclined from the
horizontal and having these bearings in a hollow pyramidal box, which is free
to turn on a central axle, slightly inclined from the vertical. The cones
receive an axial motion to bring their whole surface in turn up to the stream
of fur delivered by the picker cylinders. And when one cone is covered the
pyramidal box is moved round to bring another cone into position. The box
has for its bearing a fan case, which exhausts the air from the cones to
facilitate the deposit of the fur, and discharge a blast into them, when the
hardened bat is required to be removed. The bat is hardened without
removing the cone from the machine by placing over it a loose cover, which is
pressed upon by a weighted roller at the time that the cone is being rotated.
A reciprocating or felting motion is given to the cone by means of a sliding
bar, which is actuated by a tappet wheel working against pins projecting from
the bar. This tappet wheel is mounted on the axle of the pyramidal draught
box, and which axle is driven by a worm and worm-wheel in the fan case.
The motion of this axle imparts, by means of bevil gearing, rotary motion to
the cones.
The pyramidal box is furnished with radial slides for directing the
currents of air as required.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Alfred Vincent Newton in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 9th March 1860.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, ALFRED
VINCENT NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery Lane, in the County
of Middlesex, Mechanical Draughtsman, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Ninth day of September, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and fifty-nine, in the twenty-third year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said Alfred Vincent Newton, Her special license that I, the said Alfred
Vincent Newton, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others
as I, the said Alfred Vincent Newton, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time
and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and
lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of
Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an In-
vention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PROCESS OF AND MACHINERY FOR MANU-
FACTURING HAT BODIES," being a communication from abroad by Andrew
Campbell, of New York, in the United States of America, upon the condition
(amongst others) that I, the said Alfred Vincent Newton, by an instru;
ment in writing under my hand and seal, should particularly describe and
ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent
Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the
said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Alfred Vincent Newton, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is
to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement, reference being had to the Drawings hereunto annexed,
and to the letters and figures marked thereon (that is to say):-
Various machines for manufacturing hat bodies have been constructed which
operate upon the general plan of first disseminating the fur, or other stock in a
flocculent state in the air, and afterwards collecting it upon the surface of a
perforated conical former by means of the currents of air induced by exhausting
the air within the conical former. The conical bat thus collected upon the
perforated former has generally been hardened by a subsequent process... In
these machines the dissemination of the fur in the air is effected by means of a

page_text: picker or toothed cylinder or cylindrical brush, which revolves at a high
velocity, and to which the fur is presented by a suitable feeding apparatus or
feed motion.
In machines heretofore constructed upon this principle, the perforated cone
has generally been set in a vertical position, or with its axis at right angles to
the picking cylinder, in order that it might readily be removed from the
machine to permit the hat body to be hardened by a subsequent process.
In machines constructed heretofore, the perforated cone has been generally
set in an upright position, or with its axis at right angles to the axis of the
picking cylinder, which latter must necessarily be horizontal, in order to permit
the fur to be fed to it by a horizontal feed apron. This upright position of the
perforated cone has hitherto been convenient and even necessary to enable it
to be readily applied to and removed from the machine to permit the hat body
to be hardened upon the cone by a subsequent process. The earlier machinés
constructed with this relative arrangement of perforated cone and picking
cylinder were defective principally because the flocculent fur which issued from
the picker in a broad current tends to lodge indiscriminately upon all portions
of the cone, there being no efficient means of régulating the deposit auto-
imatically, so as to make parts of the hat body of greater or less thickness than
the rest. This defect was obviated in a subsequent machine by extending the
casing of the picking cylinder so as to form a long tunnel or chamber, which
is interposed between the picking cylinder and the perforated cone, and a
strong current of air was maintained within the chamber to carry the particle's
of fur through it. The form of this tunnel has been made such that that end
of it from which the fur passed to the perforated cone approximated in form
with a vertical section of the cone, so as to constitute a controller of the form
of the mixed current of fur and air issuing from it, the current being broader
where it issues than those parts of the cone on which it was desirable to have
the thickest deposit of fur, and vice versa.
When flocculent fur has been collected upon a perforated cone in the form
of a bat, it is necessary to harden it in order to permit it to be handled and fit
it for the subsequent processes. In manufacturing hat bodies by hand the
hardening of the bat is effected by wrapping it in a moist linen cloth and
working it by hand. In the manufacture by machinery it is expedient to
harden the bat before it is removed from the perforated cone, so that it may
be handled without danger of injury. This hardening has been effected by
means of water, applied either in the form of a shower or jets, or in that of a
bath, into which the cones, with that of the bats upon them, are dipped. ⚫
Now the object of this Invention, as communicated to me by my foreign

page_text: correspondent, is to obviate the defects of pre-existing machines in a simple
manner, so as to diminish the complexity of the machinery, and at the same
time increase its efficiency and facilitate its operation.
The first part of the Invention consists in a new combination of the feed
motion, packing cylinder, and perforated cone, in which the latter is set
directly in front of the picker, and with its axis parallel or nearly parallel
thereto, but has no vibratory motion imparted to it, while, at the same time,
no trunk or directrice is interposed between the two. The machine is thus
not only rendered more simple, but is well adapted to the automatic hardening
of the bat by means of suitable machinery without removing the cone from
the machine, as the position of the cone is not varied while the fur is collect-
ing upon it.
The object of the second part of the Invention is to form a hat body with
greater speed, and at the same time to pick the stock more effectually without
rendering. the feeding of the machine more troublesome, and it consists in
combining with the ordinary picking cylinder a second picking cylinder
which runs in the opposite direction to the first one, and which removes the
fur which would otherwise tend to adhere to the surface of the first, picks it
thoroughly, and delivers it in such manner that the fur from the two picking
cylinders forms one current, whose direction is controlled by the positions of
the two cylinders. There are also other improvements in the arrangement
and construction of the machinery devised by the Inventor, which will herein-
after more fully appear.
The object of the third part of the said Invention is to effect the requisite
distribution of the fur or other stock upon the perforated cone, to enable the
manufacturer to use short fur with advantage, and to permit any particular
portion of the hat body to be formed of such stock as may be deemed best
suited for the purpose. This improvement consists in a method of regulating
the distribution of the flocculent fur upon the perforated cone by varying the
feed to the picking cylinder.
The object of the fourth part of the Invention is to harden the bat sufficiently
to permit of its being removed from the perforated cone without the applica
tion of water, and to facilitate the removal of the bat from the cone without
requiring the latter to be taken from its position in the machine. And this
consists in a mechanical process of hardening the bat before it is removed
from the cone, and in facilitating the removal of the bat from the cone by
There are also various
means of a blast of air forced through the cone.
improvements in the arrangement and construction of the machinery devised
:by the Inventor, which will herein-after more fully. appear.

page_text: In the accompanying Drawings Fig. 1 represents the improved hat body
machine in side elevation; Fig. 2 represents it in end elevation; Fig. 3 in
Jongitudinal section, and Fig. 4 is a horizontal section of the draught box,
herein after described. A is the frame of the picker upon which the picking
cylinder and the feed motion are mounted, and to which the shafts are secured,
by means of which motion is imparted to the various parts of the machine.
The upper portion a of this picker frame is made separate from the lower,
and is attached to the latter by hinges or pivots, so that the end of the upper
portion of the frame at which the picking cylinder B is sitnated, can be raised
or depressed to adjust the position of the picking cylinder to perforated cones
of different dimensions. This adjustment of the upper portion of the picker
frame is effected by turning a screw 6 which passes through a nut. made fast
to a cross bar c of the lower portion of the picker frame and bears against a
cross bar c¹ that connects together the sides of the upper portion of the picker
frame. The upper portion of the frame is steadied and guided as it is
raised or depressed by guide pins which project downwards from the upper
cross bar c¹ through corresponding holes in the lower cross bar c. The feed
motion consists of an endless band or apron C, which runs upon two rollers d, d¹,
situated near the opposite extremities of the upper portion a of the picker
frame. One of these rollers d, has a pulley D secured to its axle to receive a
belt by which a rotary motion is imparted to the roller from the main shaft E
at the lower part of the frame. The feed apron conveys the stock to a
pair of feed rollers e, e, which are situated immediately in front of the picking
cylinder B. Motion is imparted to the lower of these feed rollers from the
shaft of the feed apron roller d, by means of a belt which encircles a belt
pulley secured to that shaft, and a corresponding one upon the axle of the feed
roller. The upper roller is driven from the lower by means of a pair of pinions
whose teeth engage, and which are secured to the axles of the respective feed
rollers. In order that the feed rollers may gripe the fur more securely, the
upper one should be pressed towards the lower one by springs or weights,
and the barrels of the two rollers should be slightly fluted. The feed
rollers immediately precede the picking cylinders B, B¹, whose barrels are
longer than those of the feed rollers, and are studded with teeth which act
upon the fur presented to them by the rollers. This difference in the relative
lengths of the barrels of the picking cylinders and feed rollers is made up
in the machine herein represented, by thickening the cheeks of the frame
on their inner sides at the points where the gudgeons of the feed.rollers are
fitted to them. The main picking cylinder B revolves in close proximity
with the feed rollers in the direction indicated by the arrow applied to it in

page_text: the Drawing, and it takes the fur directly upon them. The secondary
picking cylinder B¹ is situated above the main one and revolves in close
proximity therewith, but in the opposite direction, as indicated by the arrow
applied to it in the Drawing. The journals of the secondary picker are
supported in a pair of adjustable cheeks S S, which are pivoted' concentrically.
with the axis of the main picker B, so that the secondary cylinder can be
moved concentrically with the axis of the main cylinder, and that the direction
of the common tangent of the two cylinders, which extends in a direction
perpendicular to the line which joins their two axes, can be varied. The
adjustible cheeks which support the journals of the secondary picker have
segment slots in them through which clamp screws v are passed by which
the cheeks are secured in their proper positions. The picking cylinders
should be driven at a high speed in the machine represented in the accompany-
ing Drawings; motion is imparted to them from the counter shaft. E', by means
of a belt, which encircles a suitable pulley secured to the counter shaft, and
passes in reversed directions over corresponding pulleys secured to the shaft
of the picking cylinders. The counter shaft E' is driven from the main shaft
by means of cog wheels secured to the respective shafts. A guard T is
inserted between the barrel of the picking cylinders, and the upper feed
roller to prevent the fur from being accidentally passed over the latter to the
picking cylinder. The perforated cone G, which receives the fur from the
picking cylinder, forms one of a series of three G, G', G', which project radially
from a pyramidal draft box H. This draft box is supported by a fan case I,
which is sufficiently large to form a firm base for the draft box, as well as
to contain the fan, by which the draft is maintained through the perforations
of the cones. The draft box has a coller plate i at its bottom, which fits
loosely upon a corresponding collar on the top of the fan case I, beneath the
draft box in such manner that the draft box, with the cones upon it, can
be turned upon its axis to bring each cone in succession to the proper
position to receive the flocculent fur from the picking cylinder. In order to
hold the draft box with the cones. upon it stationary until the proper quantity
of fur is collected upon the same cone, opposite the picker, one of its corners
is engaged with a spring catch g, which is secured to the top of the fan
case. The circular space within the collar plates is open, so as to permit
a free draft from the interior of the draft box to the fan case beneath; a
circular opening is also made in each face of the draft box behind the base
of each perforated cone, so as to permit the draft to be drawn through the
cone into the draught box. Each perforated cone is made fast by a rim at
its face to a ring plate f, whose face is sufficiently broad to receive perforated

page_text: cones of the various sizes used in the manufacture of hat bodies, and the
ring plate is secured to a short shaft j, that projects radially outward from
the axis of the draught box. The inner journal of each of these radiating
shafts is supported in a hub k at the centre of the draught box, and the outer
journal of each shaft is supported by a bridge-tree m, which crosses the
opening in the face of the draught box. The radiating shafts are fitted with
bevilled wheels J, whose teeth engage with those of a corresponding bevilled
wheel J¹ secured to a shaft K, which passes through the hub of the draught.
box. This upright shaft extends upward sufficiently to pass through and
project a short distance beyond the top of the draft box; it also extends
downwards into the fan case beneath, where it is fitted with a worm wheel l,
to which motion is imparted by a worm, upon a horizontal shaft E². The
fan M by which the draft is maintained is of the screw variety. It is situated.
at the mouth of a circular opening in a partition L, which crosses the fan
case and divides it into two parts, the larger of which communicates by
the opening in the collar plates with the draft box above, while the smaller
communicates with an air trunk situated beneath the floor of the factory,
so 'that the air drawn from 'the perforated cones through the draft box and
larger compartment of the fan case is discharged into the smaller compartment,
from which it escapes through the air trunk. The fan shaft E³ is fitted with
a belt pulley, and is driven from the counter shaft E of the picker frame by
means of a belt, which also passes over a pulley upon the worm shaft E,
and drives the latter. The axis of the draught box is inclined in order that
when the draft box is turned upon the collar plates the perforated cones
may rapidly pass beneath the picking cylinders; the draught box is also
set close to the picker frame, so that the perforated cone, upon which the
fur from the picker is received, is separated by no greater space from the
latter than is necessary to permit the perforated cones to pass the picker
frame when the draft box is turned. The inclination of the axis of the
draft box requires a corresponding inclination in the shaft K, which is
sufficient to permit the teeth of the worm wheel to work freely in the worm
without requiring to be skewed. As has been stated, there are three perforated
cones G, G1, G2 upon the draft box; one of these, G, Figures 1 and 2, is in
the proper position to receive the fur delivered by the picking cylinder, it being
opposite thereto and extending lengthwise therewith, that portion of the
conical surface which is nearest to the picking cylinder being slightly oblique
thereto, as shown in the accompanying Drawings. This position of the cone,
with reference to the picker, is attained by setting the radiating shaft j at a
suitable inclination to the shaft K, and the draft box is made of pyramidal

page_text: form, in order to accommodate its sides to the position of the base of the cone.
Of the other two cones, one (G¹) is in a proper position for the hardening. of
the coating of fur or bat which has collected upon it. This hardening is
effected by the combined action of the pressure and motion. The pressure is
in this instance imparted by means of a conical cover G, which lies loosely
upon the bat, upon which cover a series of weighted rollers N rests. A rapid
reciprocating movement is imparted to the cover by means of a bar. O, which
slides rapidly to and fro across the top of the draft box. The outer extremity.
of this reciprocating bar is fitted with an arm n that projects downward; and is
received in a ring groove, which is formed in. a boss o secured to the head of
the cover. The inner half of the reciprocating bar has two pins r, r, projecting
from its upper face, which are acted upon alternately by the scolloped rim of a
wheel P that is secured to the upper end of the shaft K. The reciprocating
bar is prevented from turning with the scolloped wheel P by a guide standard q;
in which the outer end of the reciprocating bar. slides, while its inner extremity.
is maintained in its proper position. by the shaft K, which passes through a
slot in the bar; hence, as this shaft and the scolloped wheel upon it revolve, a
short and rapid or tremulous reciprocating movement is imparted to' the
reciprocating bar O, and from it, by means of the arm n.at its outer end, to
the cover G that is borne upon the bat by the weight of the rollers N..
In order that the hardened bat may be readily removed from the perforated
cone, a blast of air is forced through the cone into the interior of the bat.
This blast of air is obtained from the fan in the fan. .case beneath in the
following manner :-The interior of the draft box is divided by three radial
partitions s, s, s, which extend inward to the central hub k into three divisions,
one of which corresponds with each perforated cóne. That portion of each
radial partition which is above the circular opening in the collar plates i and
below the central hub k is cut away, so as to leave the cylindrical surface above
the circular opening in the.collar plates, unobstructed. A curved partition.t
projects upwards into this cylindrical space from the fan case beneath. This
curved partition is secured by its lower edge to the collar plate upon the fan
case, and is. of such height and breadth that it closes, the space between two of
the radial partitions s, s, and shuts off one division of the draft box and the per-
forated cone communicating therewith from the remaining two, so that the draft
passing to the fan case cannot be drawn through the perforated cone, whose
base is adjacent to the curved partition. That portion of the top of the fan
case which is immediately beneath the division of the draft box from which the
the draft is shut off is cut away, so as to form a communication between the
division of the draft box and the smaller compartment of the fan case into

page_text: which the fan discharges air, hence a portion of the air forced by the fan into
the smaller compartment of the fan case, and tending to escape therefrom, finds
its way upward into the cone, and passing through the perforations thereof
presses upon the interior of the hat body and assists its disengagement from
the cone.
The various parts of the machinery thus described are caused to move
by imparting a rotary motion to the main shaft E from the prime mover of the
mánufactory. When the machine is in operation the feed apron, feed rolls,
picking cylinders, and perforated cones move in the directions respectively
indicated by the arrows in the Drawings. A weighed quantity of fur or other
itable stock sufficient to form'one hat body is laid by the attendant,upon the
feed apron, and is conveyed by it to the feed rollers, which present it to the
main picking cylinder. The latter in its rapid revolution picks the fur and
carries it round with it until the fur is deflected by meeting the current
produced by the upper picking cylinder. As the fur naturally tends to adhere
to the teeth of the main picking cylinder, especially when fed rapidly, a portion
of it would be carried entirely round with the main picking cylinder, as it
would be in the pickers in general use, were not special means employed to
prevent this effect. But in this machine the secondary picking cylinder
revolving above the main one takes from the latter the fibres which are
carried between the two and carries them round until they meet the current
produced by the main picking cylinder; the two currents then unite and pass
from the two cylinders in the direction of the common tangent to the two, or
in a line perpendicular to that which unites the axes of the two cylinders, as
indicated by the red arrow in Figure 3. When the fur leaves the picking
apparatus it is drawn towards the perforated cone immediately opposite thereto;
as this cone slowly revolves the flocculent fur collects upon it until the charge
upon the feed apron is exhausted. At this part of the operation the attendant
stops the feed apron upon which he has meanwhile been distributing a second
As
charge, which is separated by a short vacant space from the first one.
soon as the whole of the fur is collected upon the perforated cone, an attendant
applies a cover to the bat, and then turns the draft box one-third round; this
moyement brings a second cone in the proper position to receive fur from the
picker, while the first one with the bat and exterior cone upon it is brought to
the hardening apparatus, where the pressure applied by the cover, combined
with the tremulous movement imparted to it, induces a rapid felting of the
fibres of fur; and the consequent hardening of the bat. This operation proceeds
so quickly that by the time the second one has received a chargé of fur upon
it from the picking cylinder, the bat upon the first one is sufficiently hardened

page_text: to bear handling without injury. The draft box is now turned a second-third
of a revolution, by which movement the third cone is presented to the picking
cylinder, the second one passes to the hardening apparatus, and the first with
its hardened bat is freed from the hardening apparatus, and is in the proper
position for the removal of the bat.
This last operation is effected by the shaking of the cover by hand, when
the pressure of the air within the cone detaches the hardened bat, so that it
may be readily withdrawn with the cover, leaving the perforated cone free,
and ready to be again presented to the picking cylinder. After the hardened
bat or hat body is removed from the machine, the hardening process may be
carried to a greater extent by wrapping the bat in a damp linen cloth; and
working it by hand in the same manner that bats are worked in the manu-
facture of hat bodies by hand. The dimensions of the cover G³ with respect
to the bat are not important, provided that the cover be large enough to pass
easily over the bat, as the object of the cover is not to confine the fur, but to
impart pressure and motion to it. If the cover be of nearly the same size as
the bat, it should be perforated to permit the air to pass upon the bat, but if
the cover be five or six inches larger in diameter than the bat, it is not
necessary that it should be perforated, as there will then be sufficient space
for air to pass inside of the cover.
From the foregoing description it will be perceived that the perforated cone
is directly opposite the picking cylinder, hence the fur which proceeds from
any one portion of the picking cylinder lodges upon a corresponding opposite
portion of the perforated cone; and if it be necessary to increase the thickness
of the bat at any particular part of the perforated cone, the operation is
effected by distributing the charge of fur upon the feed apron in such manner
that there shall be more fur conveyed to that part of the picking cylinder
which delivers fur to the part of the perforated cone where the bat is to be
made thickest, and, on the other hand, less fur is fed to that part of the
picking cylinder which delivers fur to the part of the perforated cone, where
the bat is to be made thin, and which is usually the head or tip. The
location and arrangement of the cone for receiving the coating in this
machine with reference to the picking apparatus and feed motion is one of
the characteristics which distinguishes the Invention from those which have
preceded it. The two picking cylinders, working in connection upon the same
stock, pick it effectually, as the large flocks of stock, whose fibres are not
separated by the teeth of the main picking cylinder are thus subjected to a
second operation. By this duplex picking process the fibres are more
thoroughly disseminated than is practicable when a single picking cylinder

page_text: is
is employed; the stock may also be fed at a faster rate, and consequently a
larger amount of work may be effected in a given time without requiring any
additional care or trouble in the feeding of the stock, as but one feed apron
employed. The employment of a duplex picking apparatus is also attended
with another advantage; as has been before said, the fur passes from it in a
direction which is perpendicular to the line which joins the axis of the two
picking cylinders, hence, by moving the secondary cylinder, it is possible to
adjust the direction of the current of fibres as may be necessary to insure
proper deposits upon perforated cones of different sizes. This adjustment is
readily effected by slackening the clamp screws which make fast the adjustable
cheeks that support the journals of the secondary cylinder, adjusting the
cheeks to the new positions found by trial to be the best, and securing them
again by tightening the clamp screws.
It will be evident to the skilful mechanic that various changes may be
made in the machinery above described without materially affecting the
principle of the Invention.
Having now set forth the nature of the Invention of "Improvements in
the Process of and Machinery for Manufacturing Hat Bodies," as commu-
nicated to me from abroad, and explained the manner of carrying the same
into effect, I wish it to be understood that under the above in part recited
Letters Patent, I claim,-
First, the arrangement and machinery for making hat bodies, as above
described.
And, secondly, the means above described, whereby the deposit of the fur
on the perforated cones is regulated, and the discharge of the bats therefrom
is facilitated.
In witness whereof, I, the said Alfred Vincent Newton, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, the Ninth day of March, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty.
Witness,
J. W. MOFFATT,
66, Chancery Lane.
A. V. NEWTON. (L.S.)