ew or Improved Dies and Appliances to be Used in the Manufacture of Metallic Cartridge Cases and other like Articles, which Dies and Appliances may also be Used in
Year: 1886

page_text: ew or Improved Dies and Appliances to be Used in the
Manufacture of Metallic Cartridge Cases and other like
Articles, which Dies and Appliances may also be Used in
I THOMAS RICHARD BAYLISS of Belmont Northfield in the County of Worcester
Mechanical Engineer do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:
My invention consists of the new or improved dies and appliances hereinafter
described which said dies and appliances are especially suited to be used in the
manufacture of metallic cartridge cases and other like articles such for example as
thimbles pen and pencil cases and such articles as consist essentially of a tube
closed at one end.
The dies and appliances constituting my invention may however be also used in
the manufacture of metallic tubes rods and wire.
I will describe my invention in connection with the manufacture of metallic
cartridge cases.
Instead of employing an ordinary die consisting of a block of steel having an
axial hole of the size of the cartridge case to be made I take strong steel wire and
coil it into a compact helix that is a helix the convolutions of which are in contact
or nearly in contact. This steel belix may be made in lengths many times as great
as the length to be used and after having been cut into the required lengths is
hardened and tempered. A length including six convolutions is sufficient for
ordinary purposes but I do not limit myself to any particular proportions. The
ends of the helical coil are faced that is by grinding the ends are brought into
planes perpendicular to the axis of the helix.
A compact helix of strong hardened and tempered steel wire with its ends faced
as described constitutes my new or improved die. The appliances with which it is
used are made as follows:-
I take a block (preferably cylindrical) of iron or steel having an axial cavity of
a size and form suitable for the reception of the helical die the said die fitting the
said hole truly. A shoulder at the bottom of the said hole serves as an abutment
for one end of the helical die and a ring screwed in the said hole bears upon the
other end of the said helical die. When the parts have been put together as
described the helical die is supported on its cylindrical exterior and at its ends and
can neither expand nor lengthen.

page_text: The die supported in a case or holder as described is used in the manufacture of
metallic cartridge cases by the process commonly known as the drawing through
process exactly as an ordinary die is used.
Every convolution of the helix constitutes an independent drawing surface and
owing to the readiness with which the lubricant runs between the several convo-
lutions the lubrication is much superior to that of an ordinary die The drawing
through is consequently effected with less strain on the metal with the expenditure
of less power and with diminished wear in the die. When the die has worn so as
no longer to be fit for use the ring is unscrewed and the worn die is removed and
replaced by a new one. The cost of the helical die is so trifling compared with
that of an ordinary die that it may be thrown aside immediately it has suffered
any sensible wear and the work executed by my improved dies is consequently of
more uniform quality than that executed by ordinary dies which from their cost
are retained in use longer than is necessary with my improved dies.
Instead of employing only one helical die in the case or holder the said case or
holder may be made of a length suitable for holding two or more such dies. And
where large cartridge cases are to be made such for example as are used for cannon
and machine guns the helical dies may be separated a short distance apart and be
of progressively decreasing diameter the separated helices being supported by
filling pieces between them. In this way the metal is reduced by a series of
drawings instead of by one drawing and the strain put on the metal and the injury
caused by the strain is much reduced.
I prefer to round off or reduce the inner faces of the helix and to make the end
of the belix which first acts on the metal of somewhat larger diameter than the
other part. And instead of making the hole in the case or holder of uniform
diameter throughout it may be made slightly taper. In this case the shoulder in
the case or holder is replaced by a screw collar so that the helical die is supported
at both ends by bearings which by being screwed home more or less fix the die in
one or other part of the tapering hole. In this way the die after having become
somewhat worn can be forced into a part of the case or holder where it will be
slightly compressed and its internal diameter restored to the normal size. In this
way the die can be used longer than when it is incapable of adjustment in the
case or holder.
The application of my invention to the manufacture of tubes rods and wire
differs in no essential respect from its application to the manufacture of metallic
cartridge cases.
Where in the manufacture of tubes rods and wire it is desirable to make them
taper or of different diameters.in different parts this may be effected by screwing
in one or other direction during the drawing operation the screw rings by which
the ends of the die are supported. When this has to be done at regular intervals
the screwing of the said rings may be effected automatically that is the said rings
may be geared to the engine by which the drawing is effected so that the required
change in the diameter of the die shall be effected at the required times.
Although for the manufacture of metallic cartridge cases a helical die circular in
cross section is employed yet where articles consisting essentially of a tubular body
closed at one end or tubes rods and wire of other than a circular figure in cross
section are to be made the shape of the helix must be modified accordingly. This
is effected by coiling the steel wire of which the helical die is made upon a mandril
of the required figure in cross section such for example as an ellipse square
hexagon or other figure.

page_text: Articles, which Dies and Appliances may also be Used in
the Manufacture of Metallic Tubes, Rods, and Wire.
I THOMAS RICHARD BAYLISS of Belmont, Northfield, in the County of Worcester,
Mechanical Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of my Invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in
and by the following statement:-
My invention consists of the new or improved dies and appliances hereinafter
described which said dies and appliances are especially suited to be used in the
manufacture of metallic cartridge cases and other like articles, such for example,
as thimbles, pen and pencil cases and such articles as consist essentially of a tube
closed at one end.
The dies and appliances constituting my invention may however be also used in
the manufacture of metallic tubes, rods and wire.
.I will describe my invention in connection with the manufacture of metallic
cartridge cases.
Instead of employing an ordinary die consisting of a block of steel having an
axial hole of the size of the cartridge case to be made I take strong steel wire and
coil it into a compact helix, that is, a helix the convolutions of which are in contact
or nearly in contact. This steel helix may be made in lengths many times as great
as the length to be used and after having been cut into the required lengths is
hardened and tempered. A length including six convolutions is sufficient for
ordinary purposes but I do not limit myself to any particular proportions. The
ends of the helical coil are faced, that is, by grinding the ends are brought into
planes perpendicular to the axis of the helix.
A compact helix of strong hardened and tempered steel wire with its ends faced
as described constitutes my new or improved die. The appliances. with which it is
used are made as follows:-
I take a block (preferably cylindrical) of iron or steel having an axial cavity of
a size and form suitable for the reception of the helical die, the said die fitting the
said hole truly. A shoulder at the bottom of the said hole serves as an abutment
for one end of the helical die and a ring screwed in the said hole bears upon the
other end of the said helical die. When the parts have been put together as
described the helical die is supported on its cylindrical exterior and at its ends and
can neither expand nor lengthen.
.
Instead of employing only one helical die in the case or holder, the said case or
holder may be made of a length suitable for holding two or more such dies. And
where large cartridge cases are to be made, such for example as are used for cannon
and machine guns, the helical dies may be separated a short distance apart and be
of progressively decreasing diameter, the separated helices being supported by
filling pieces between them. In this way the metal is reduced. by a series of
drawings instead of by one drawing and the strain put on the metal and the injury
caused by the strain is much reduced.
I prefer to round off or reduce the inner faces of the helix and to make the end
of the helix which first acts on the metal of somewhat larger diameter than the

page_text: other part. And instead of making the hole in the case or holder of uniform
diameter throughout it may be made slightly taper. In this case, the shoulder in
the case or holder is replaced by a screw collar so that the helical die is supported
at both ends by bearings which by being screwed home more or less fix the die in
one or other part of the tapering hole. In this way, the die after having become
somewhat worn can be forced into a part of the case or holder where it will be
slightly compressed and its internal diameter restored to the normal size. In this
way the die can be used longer than when it is incapable of adjustment in the case
or holder.
The application of my invention to the manufacture of tubes, rods and wire
differs in no essential respect from its application to the manufacture of metallic
cartridge cases.
Figure 1 of the accompanying drawing represents in vertical section and Figure 2
in plan (the top screw ring being removed in Figure 2) a helical die and appliances
used therewith constructed according to my invention.
a is the helical die made of a compact helix of steel wire or a helix the convo-
lutions of which are in close contact as represented. The ends of the helical die a
are faced at a³, a² so that the, said helical die may take a firm seat against the
abutments between which it is supported; c is the block or holder having in it an
axial hole or cavity d for the reception of the helical die a, the said die a fitting
the said cavity truly. A shoulder or a separate ring e at the bottom of the said
hole or cavity serves as an abutment for the lower end of the helical die a and a
ring screwed into the top of the block c bears upon the other end of the said
helical die as represented.
The helical die a is thus supported on its cylindrical exterior and at its ends and
can neither expand nor lengthen.
The helical die a supported in the case or holder c as described and represented
is used in the manufacture of metallic cartridge cases by the process commonly
known as the drawing through process exactly as an ordinary die is used.
Every convolution of the helix of the die a constitutes an independent drawing
surface and owing to the readiness with which the lubricant runs between the
several convolutions the lubrication is much superior to that of an ordinary die.
The drawing through is consequently effected with less strain on the metal with
the expenditure of less power and with diminished wear in the die. When the
die a has worn so as no longer to be fit for use the ring f is unscrewed and the
worn die a is removed and replaced by a new one.
The cost of the helical die is so trifling compared with that of an ordinary die
that it may be thrown aside immediately it has suffered any sensible wear and the
work executed by my improved dies is consequently of more uniform quality than
that executed by ordinary dies which from their cost are retained in use longer
than is necessary with my improved dies.
Figure 3 represents in vertical section and Figure 4 in plan (the top screw ring
being removed in Figure 4) a conical helical die and appliances constructed
according to my invention.
In this arrangement the helical die a is taper, instead of cylindrical as represented
in Figures 1 and 2, and the hole d in the case or holder c is also taper. The die a
is supported on its exterior by a divided, conical tube or collar g which is capable
of expanding and contracting in the cavity or hole d in the case or holder c Bo
as firmly to support the helical die after adjustment in the holder. In small dies
the divided tube or collar g need not have more than one division but for large
dies it is necessary to provide it with three, five or more divisions. The bottom of
the conical belical die a is supported on the screw ring or collar h similar to that
marked fat the top of the holder. The conical helical die a is thus supported at
both ends by screw bearings f, h. By adjusting the collars f, h in the case or
holder c the helical die a may be fixed in any required part of the holder c
the divided conical tube or collar g adjusting itself to that part of the hole in the
holder c into which it is forced.

page_text: "
By this construction the die a after having become somewhat worn can be forced
into a lower part of the case or holder c where it will be slightly compressed and
its internal diameter restored to the normal size so that the die can be used longer
than when it is incapable of adjustment in the case or holder.
Where in the manufacture of tubes rods and wire it is desirable to make them
taper or of different diameters in different parts this may be effected by screwing
in one or other direction during the drawing operation the screw rings f and h by
which the ends of the die a are supported. When this has to be done at regular
intervals the screwing of the said rings may be effected automatically, that is, the
said rings may be.geared to the engine by which the drawing is effected so that the
required change in the diameter of the die shall be effected at the required times.
Figure 5 represents in vertical section a compound die constructed according to
my invention.
In this die the helices a³, a³, a* are of progressively decreasing diameters and are
separated the required distances apart and supported by the tubular distance pieces
or washers i, i of greater internal diameter than the helical dies. The series of
dies and washers or distance pieces are supported in the conical hole d in the case
or holder c by the top screw ring fand by the stripper plate k and bottom screw
ring h. The stripper plate k removes the tube from the punch or mandril as the
latter rises from the die.
By the use of this compound die the metal is first reduced by the large top
die a; it is afterwards acted upon by the next die a³ of smaller diameter and
finally by the bottom die a* of still smaller diameter. In this way the metal is
reduced by a series of drawings instead of by one drawing and the strain put on
the metal and the injury caused by the strain is much reduced.
Although for the manufacture of metallic cartridge cases a helical die circular in
cross section is employed yet where articles consisting essentially of a tubular bo ly
closed at one end or tubes rods and wire of other than a circular figure in cross
section are to be made, the shape of the helix must be modified accordingly.
This is effected by coiling the steel wire of which the helical die is made upon a
mandril of the required figure in cross section such for example as an ellipse, square
hexagon or other figure.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my invention
and the manner of performing the same I declare that I claim as my invention of
New or improved dies and appliances to be used in the manufacture of metallio
cartridge cases and other like articles, which dies and appliances may also be
"used in the manufacture of metallic tubes rods and wire
"
"
First Making dies for the purposes described of a compact helix of strong
hardened and tempered steel wire the said helical die being either cylindrical or
taper and during use supported on its exterior and at its ends so that it can neither
expand nor lengthen and whether one or more helical dies be combined or used in
the same case or holder substantially as hereinbefore described and illustrated
in the accompanying Drawing.
Secondly The appliances hereinbefore described and illustrated in the accom-
panying Drawing to be used for supporting the said helical die or dies and for
restoring when worn the internal diameter of the die or dies to the normal size and
for varying the diameter of the die or dies during the drawing operation for the
purposes and substantially as described and illustrated.
Tlated thin 50th dove of Octobox 1984