Improvements in Chimneys, and in the Construction of the same.
Year: 1895

page_text: Date of Application, 17th Apr., 1895
Complete Specification Left, 10th Jan., 1896-Accepted, 21st Mar., 1Ɛ96
Date of Application, 17 Apr., 1990
Complete Specification Left, 13th Jan., 1896-Accepted, 21st Mar., 1896
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Chimneys, and in the Construction of the same.
I, GEORGE BARKER, of Dawson House Sutton Coldfield, in the County of
Warwick Consulting Engineer do hereby declare the nature of this invention
to be as follows:-
My invention has for its object improvements in chimneys & in the construction
of the same for the purpose of withstanding greater wind or other pressure or
strains than when built according to the present custom.
High chimneys or stacks for works & other purposes have from time to time been
strengthened & held together by external hoops and strips but such means are an
eyesore & very objectionable when applied to the chimneys of residences and public
buildings and are only very rarely adapted. In carrying out certain architectural
designs it is necessary that chimneys should not only often rise high above the
walls or basis upon which they stand but that they should be slender. In such
cases great danger is caused & hundreds of such chimneys have been blown down
during the recent gale which was indicated at over 36 lbs pressure per square foot.
Struts have been used from chimneys to the roof but these are objectionable and
rarely act equally in tension and compressiou. Also sometimes long rods are
carried up through the bricks but these occasion cutting the bricks and do not
come into operation until the chimney has bent considerably and even then they
are only partially effective.
My new mode of construction is to put into the internal portion of the chimney
a lining of iron preferably in the shape of a round tube, for instance-A general
size of flue in house chimneys is 9 inches square, in the clear. To such a chimney
I apply internally a 9-inch tube-round by preference as easily made & applied.
This tube has a flange at the lower end which rests upon one of the courses of
bricks say a yard more or less below the roof level from whence the chimney rises
& it continues up to a sufficient height to prevent all possibility of the chimney
turning as a beam, and sometimes to the top. As the chimney is built the corners
are filled up with broken brick and mortar, cement or other substance, so that the
whole of the exterior of the tube is confined & cannot alter in cross section before
entire rupture. These tubes may be made in short sections with a flange at each
end the lengths being so arranged that the flanges take into joints then one length
is bolted upon the other until the desired height is attained. Wrought iron or
steel tubes galvanized with an angle iron flange at each end answers the purpose
with hot cast iron or other suitable material which will withstand the heat serves
the purpose. If a square fluc is desired the lining may be square & may be
conveniently formed of four angle irons & plates put together either as the chimney
proceeds or before being placed therein or in lengths. In this case thin plates or
lattice work may form the web & thicker ones be placed in compression & teusion.
In the case of any of the tubes, strengthening strips may run up one or more of
the sides. When desired these tubes may be placed in every flue or in the case of
a chimney with say six flues one tube at each corner. They may also run to the
top of the chimney and the chimney pots may either fit into thein or over them so
as to effectively conpect the two together.
...
ليمي
$1100

page_text: Improvements in Chimneys, and in the Construction of the same.
I GEORGE BARKER, of Dawson House, Sutton Coldfield, in the County of
Warwick, Consulting. Engineer do hereby declare the nature of this invention and
in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement:-
My invention has for its object improvements in chimneys and in the construction
of the same for the purpose of withstanding greater wind or other pressure or strains
than when built according to the present custom.
High chimneys or stacks for works and other purposes have from time to time
been strengthened and held together by external hoops and strips but such means
are an eyesore and very objectionable when applied to the chimneys of residences
and public buildings and are only very rarely adapted.
In carrying out certain architectural designs it is necessary that chimneys should
not only often rise high above the walls or bases upon which they stand but that
they should be slender. In such cases great danger is caused and hundreds of
such chimneys have been blown down during the recent gale which was indicated.
at over 36 lbs. pressure per square foot. Struts have been used from chimneys
to the roof but these are objectionable and rarely act equally in tension and
compression. Also sometimes long rods are carried up through the bricks but
these occasion cutting the bricks and do not come into operation until the chimney
bas bent considerably and even then they are only partially effective.
My new mode of construction is to put into the internal portion of the chimney
a lining of iron preferably in the shape of a round tube for instance. A general
size of flue in house chimneys is 9 inches square in the clear. To such a chimney
I apply internally a nine iuch tube round by preference as easily made and applied.
This tube has a flange at the lower end which rests upon one of the courses of
bricks say a yard more or less below the roof level and from whence the chimney
rises and it continues up to a sufficient height to prevent all possibility of the
chimney turning as a beam and sometimes to the top. As the chimney is built
the corners are filled up with broken brick and mortar cement or other substance
so that the whole of the exterior of the tube is confined and cannot alter in cross
section before entire. rupture. These tubes may be made in short sections with a
flange at each end the lengths being so arranged that the flanges take into joints,
then one length is bolted upon the other until the desired height is attained.
Wrought iron or steel tubes galvanized with an angle iron flange at each end
answer the purpose well but cast iron or other suitable material which will with-
stand the heat serves the purpose. If a square flue is desired the lining may be
square and may be conveniently formed of four angle irons and plates put together
either as the chimney proceeds or before being placed therein or in lengths. In
this case thin plates or latcice work may form the web and thicker ones be placed
in compression and tension. In the case of any of the tubes strengthening strips
may run up one or more of the sides. When desired these tubes may be placed
in every flue or in the case of a chimney with say six flues one tube at each corner.
They may also run to the top of the chimney and the chimney pots may either
fit into them or over them so as to effectively connect the two together.
In order that my invention may be the better understood I have illustrated
examples of the same on the accompanying drawings which will make the application
of the invention quite easy in other cases.
Figure 1 is a broken off elevation of a chimney and roof with one of my
strengthening tubes T shown by dotted lines in two of four flues of the
chimney C.

page_text: Figure 2 is an enlarged vertical sectional view of the chimney C with a tube T
applied to its two outside flues.
Figure 3. is a cross section of the chimney C showing the tubes T at each corner
or in the two outside flues.
Figure 4 is an enlarged cross section of the chimney C and one of the tubes T
in position with the corners c' filled up with concrete or rubbish or mortar, cement
or such like.
Figure 5 is an external view of such a tube as T made in iron or steel or any
suitable metal or material.
Figure 6 is an external view of a tube T differently made.
I make suitable strengthening tubes T such for instance as those shown by
Figures 5 and 6. Figure 5 is simply a welded metal tube with the flanges t¹
turned outwards from the solid sufficiently to catch in the joint of the brick-
work at the bottom of the tube which roots it thoroughly to the foundation or
heavy brickwork of the house. The top flange t¹ may or may not be used.
Sometimes I may build the tube with angle flanges such as 2 and there may
be any number of flanges intermediate such for instance as t and there may be
vertical stiffeners of flat iron L or T iron to the tube, by preference four in
number as they would stand vertically in the corners with the concrete c¹
embeded around them.
Now the weakest part of the chimney shown at Figures 1 and 2 would
probably be about the point of the arrow W and W' but especially at W where
fracture would probably commence with the wind against the flat of the chimney.
Now according to my invention I put the internal tubes T across the weak
portion of the chimney with the lower flange in one of the joints building the
chimney around the tube or tubes and filling in the concrete c¹ as the work
proceeds. The tubes are no hindrance to the work as the bricklayer works
round them, indeed they are a great security to green brickwork as it proceeds.
I do not limit myself to the length of the tubes nor to the number but the
flues are greatly improved by this tubular lining and are very easily swept.
By this invention slender chimneys may be built to any required design
of any strength and with safety which has hitherto been a source of great
difficulty.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is :-
The improvements in chimneys and in the construction of the same consisting
of an inner tube or tubes T surrounded by brickwork masonry or its equivalent to
form the external design or coufiguration substantially as and for the purpose
herein set forth and shown upon the drawings.
Dated this 15th January 1896.
GEORGE BARKER.