IMPROVEMENTS IN "ANTI-FOULING " AND "ANTI-CORROSIVE" PAINTS OR COMPOSITIONS
Year: 1885

page_text: I JAMES POINTON of 1 Montpelier Terrace, Liverpool in the County of Lancaster
Physician do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for IMPROVEMENTS
IN "ANTI-FOULING " AND "ANTI-CORROSIVE" PAINTS OR COMPOSITIONS to be as
follows:-
My Invention has for its object a certain manufacture of paint or paints, or
composition or compositions hereinafter more particularly described which shall be
more especially applicable for use upon ships bottoms, and whereby the bottoms
of ships will remain free from all the growths which adhere ordinarily to ships
when at sea, such for instance as grasses, barnacles and other adhering specimens
of vegetable and animal life. It must be understood that the paint, or composition
hereinafter described, although set forth with special reference in connection with
ships bottoms, is equally applicable to many other purposes where contact is had
with sea or fresh water, or air and where growths such as those above named
exist, or for any other purpose for which it may be found useful or effectual.
According to my Invention I manufacture paints or compositions of certain
mixtures of elements or materials hereafter set forth, which mixed or combined
together possess "anti-corrosive" and "anti-fouling" properties, but part of which
combined mixtures hereafter described when used separately form separate paints
or compositions, one of which possesses anti-corrosive properties and the other
anti-fouling properties. Hence in applying the paint or paints, or composition or
compositions to any object, the combined or whole mixtures may be used at once,
or they may be separately applied as two separate paints or mixtures, one over
the other as the case may require, or as it may be found desirable; or the paints
or mixtures may be applied singly as the case may require. For instance it may
be desirable to use only an anti-fouling paint or composition, in which case, of
course, the paint or mixture possessing the anti-fouling properties is used. On the
other hand where an anti-corrosive paint or composition is required then the paint
or mixture possessing these qualities is employed.
The whole or combined mixtures as above specified consist of pulverized glass
or slag or sand, mixed, or preferably ground up with linseed, or equivalent oil to
the consistency of the white lead such as painters use; this I call Mixture N° 1,

page_text: Rosin or crude tarpentine is dissolved in the spirits of turpentine till it is of the
consistency of thin honey; this. I call Mixture N° 2. When these mixtures
N° 1 and 2 are combined or mixed together in about equal proportions there
results a composition which can be applied with brushes or otherwise to the
desired surfaces and forms a covering which has the following advantages; it is
practically non-drying; it does not crack; it is quite impermeable to water, hence
it is anti-corrosive; from the physical condition of its surface and from the
mechanically irritating properties of the pulverized glass or slag it is anti-fouling.
The same result as above described can be obtained in the following way. The
pulverized glass or slag, rosin and linseed oil are mixed or ground together to form
a mass somewhat thicker in consistence than painters white lead, and the mass
afterwards thinned down to a workable consistence with the spirits of turpentine.
I would have it understood that in the place of spirits of turpentine any
equivalent spirituous liquid capable of dissolving both oil and rosin may be used.
The anti-fouling paint or composition above specified when required to be used
singly or separately and which possesses mechanically irritating properties, is
mixed or preferably ground up with oil, such as linseed oil or its equivalent, which
will bind it together or hold it in mechanical suspension.
When an anti-corrosive and practically non-drying paint or composition according
to my Invention is desired and which can be used singly or separately, the rosin
or crude turpentine is dissolved in spirits of turpentine till it is of the consistence
of treacle, linseed or equivalent oil is then added in about equal proportions to
make the resulting composition workable. Or the rosin may be ground or mixed
up with the oil and the resulting mass thinned down with spirits of turpentine.

page_text: or Compositions.
I, JAMES POINTON, of 1 Montpelier Terrace, Liverpool, in the County of
Lancaster Physician, do hereby declare the nature of the said invention and in
what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement :-
My invention has for its object a certain manufacture of paint, or paints, or
composition, or compositions hereinafter more particularly described, which shall
be more especially applicable for use upon ships bottoms and whereby the bottoms
of ships will remain free from the growths which adhere ordinarily to ships bottoms
at sea, such for instance as grasses, barnacles, and other adhering specimens of
vegetable and animal life. It must be understood that the paint, or composition
hereinafter described, although set forth with special reference in connection with
ships bottoms is also applicable to many other purposes where contact is had with
sea or fresh water, or air and where growths such as those above named exist, or
for any other purpose for which it may be found useful or effectual.
According to my invention I manufacture paints, or compositions of certain
mixtures of elements, or materials hereafter set forth, which mixed or combined
together possess "anti corrosive" and "anti fouling" properties, but part of which
combined mixtures hereafter described when used separately form separate paints
or compositions which possess anti corrosive properties and anti fouling properties.
Hence in applying the paint, or paints, or composition, or compositions to any
object, the combined or whole mixtures may be used at once, or they may be
separately applied as two separate paints or mixtures, one over the other, as the
case may require, or as it may be found desirable; or the paints, or mixtures may
be applied singly as the case may require.
The whole or combined mixtures as above specified consist of pulverized vitreous
mechanically irritating material such as glass, or slag, or sand, mixed or preferably
ground up with linseed, or equivalent oil, such as cotton seed oil to about the
consistency of the white lead such as painters use, or more oil may be used when
required. Four parts of the vitreous material such as glass, slag, or sand to one
part of oil is a suitable proportion and effects the consistency above named. This
I call mixture N° 1. Crude turpentine is dissolved in spirits of turpentine
until it is about the consistency of honey, or syrup. A proportion of ingredients
from which good results may be obtained consists of four parts of crude turpentine
and nine parts of spirits of turpentine. The mixture is then filtered. More or
less spirit of turpentine may be required accordingly as the varying viscidity
of the crude turpentine may necessitate. This I call mixture No 2. When
these mixtures Nos 1 and 2 are combined, or mixed together in about equal
proportions and spirit of turpentine of about one part is added, there results a
composition which can be applied with brushes to the desired surfaces, and forms
a covering which has the following advantages: it is practically non drying: it
does not crack it is quite impermeable to water, hence it is anti corrosive: from its

page_text: chemical properties and from the physical condition of its surface and from the
mechanically irritating properties of the pulverized vitreous material it is anti
fouling.
The same result as above described can be obtained in the following way. The
pulverized glass, or slag, or other vitreous material and turpentine and linseed oil
are mixed, or ground together and the mass afterwards thinned down to a
workable consistency with the spirit of turpentine.
The paint or composition N° 1, above specified, when required to be used singly
or separately and which possesses mechanically irritating properties is mixed or
preferably ground up with oil such as linseed oil, or its equivalent to a pigment
consistency which will bind it together, or hold it in mechanical suspension.
When a practically non drying paint or composition according to my invention
(specified as mixture N° 2) is desired and which can be used singly, or separately
the crude turpentine is dissolved in spirit of turpentine until it is of about the
consistency of treacle, linseed or equivalent oil is then added in about equal
proportions to make the resulting composition workable.
The surface of this paint is smooth and tolerably firm. Should it be damaged
it is sufficiently viscid to allow itself as it were to spread out and form a new
bright surface. The interior dries very slowly.
From the decomposition slowly or constantly going on when in contact with
water the surface of the paint is ever changing and thereby affords no hold for
animal or vegetable growth. This decomposition of the material is also of such a
character that the bulk of the composition is increased and becoming more viscid
leaves a thick viscid varnish on the surface protected and the anti corrosive
properties are thereby further developed.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim is:
First. A paint or mixture consisting of ground or pulverous vitreous substances
such as described and oil such as described substantially as and for the purposes
set forth.
Second. A paint or mixture consisting essentially of crude turpentine and spirit
of turpentine substantially as and for the purposes set forth.
Third. A paint or mixture consisting substantially of the mixtures 1 and 2 as
herein specified, as and for the purposes set forth.
Fourth. A paint or mixture consisting of ground glass, linseed oil, crude
turpentine and spirit of turpentine substantially as set forth.
Dated this twenty eighth day of July 1886.