IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MEANS OF PURIFYING AND CLARIFYING THE REFUSE WATER OF BREWERIES, DISTILLERIES, SUGAR REFINERIES, STARCH WORKS, TANNERIES, AND SIMILAR ESTABLISHMENTS WHEREIN WATER IS CONTAMINATED.
Year: 1874

page_text: "
ETTERS PATENT to Frederick Arthur Paget, of No. 1, Seymour
Chambers, Adelphi, London, and of No. 13, Riemer Gasse Stadt,
Vienna, in the Empire of Austria, Engineer, for the Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MEANS OF PURIFYING AND CLARIFYING THE REFUSE
WATER OF BREWERIES, DISTILLERIES, SUGAR REFINERIES, STARCH WORKS,
TANNERIES, AND SIMILAR ESTABLISHMENTS WHEREIN WATER IS CONTAMINATED.'
-A communication from Jean Alexandre Bérenger, Engineering
Inspector of the Austrian Southern Railway, and Johann Stingl,
Private Tutor in the Chemical Laboratory of the Imperial and
Royal Polytechnic Institution, both residing at Vienna, in the
Empire of Austria.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION filed by the said Frederick Arthur Paget
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition and
Declaration, on the 20th October 1874, pursuant to the 9th Section
of the Patent Law Amendment Act, 1852.

page_text: of No. 13, Riemer Gasse Stadt, Vienna, in the Empire of Austria,
Engineer, send greeting.
WHEREAS I am in possession of an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS. IN
THE MEANS OF PURIFYING AND CLARIFYING THE REFUSE WATER OF BREWERIES,
DISTILLERIES, SUGAR REFINERIES, STARCH WORKS, TANNERIES, AND SIMILAR
ESTABLISHMENTS, WHEREIN WATER IS CONTAMINATED," and have petitioned Her
Majesty to grant unto me, my executors, administrators, and assigns,
Her Royal Letters Patent for the same, and have made solemn
Declaration that it is a communication from Jean Alexandre Bèrenger,
Engineering Inspector of the Austrian Southern Railway, and Johann
Stingl, Private Tutor in the Chemical Laboratory of the Imperial and
Royal Polytechnic Institution, both Persons resident at Vienna, in the
Empire of Austria.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Frederick Arthur Paget, do hereby
declare that the following Complete Specification, under my hand and
seal, fully describes and ascertains the nature of the said Invention, and
in what manner the same is to be performed, in and by the following
statement, that is to say :-
It is well known that water containing organic or inorganic substances
in an extremely minute state of division, and generally in suspension,
cannot be clarified even in large standing reservoirs. The extremely
minute waste substances, such as yeast spores, returns, grain refuse,
barrel lees, and the impurities of the organic combinations dissolved
in the refuse water proceeding from many manufacturing operations
are now generally allowed to flow away into streams and rivers. On
account of their great liability to decomposition the mingling of these
substances with the water notoriously causes scrious injuries to the
public health and to trade.
results, as the
either fall very a
The use of large standing reservoirs is without useful
substances in a minute state of sub-division in the water
slowly, or in most cases simply remain in suspension.
is also inapplicable, as the greater portion of the matter in suspension
passes through the filtering material, however composed.
Mere filtration
In order to separate the matters contained in suspension in such
refuse water completely, rapidly, and with certainty, and to get rid of a
the greater portion of the matters in solution it is absolutely necessary

page_text: to first prepare or treat the water chemically, and to then subject it to
filtration.
According to the present Invention such water is prepared by first
treating it with a mixture of sesquichloride of iron (Fc, Ol,), with
chloride of aluminiam (Al, Cl,). The said mixture is obtained either
by directly mingling solutions of these two substances, or by dissolving
any argillaceous iron ore containing phosphoric acid in hydrochloric
acid. The water, first treated with this mixture, is then similarly
mingled with lime milk or lime water.
The proportions of sesquichloride of iron (Fe, Cl,) and of chloride
of aluminium (Al, Cl,), and also of the lime milk or water to be
employed, cannot be defined in advance for each special case, and
necessarily vary according to the nature and quality of the water to be
purified. For each special case it is therefore necessary to settle these
proportions by a previous trial on a small quantity of the water.
The preparing is carried out as follows:-In the self-acting continuous
apparatus invented by Jean Alexandre Bérenger, and described in
British Specification No. 3953, A.D. 1873, the water to be prepared is
brought into a receiver or tank, or any underground cistern hermetically
closed, wherein it is mingled with a definite proportion of the above
re-agents, namely, sesquichloride of iron (Fe, C₁₁) and chloride of
aluminium (Al, Ol,). Here the first chemical reaction takes place,
giving an insoluble precipitate. From the receiver the water, thus
containing a portion of the chemical re-agents and the said precipitate,
flows into the "mixer," as described in Specification No. 3953, A.D.
1873. It here takes up a determinate quantity of lime milk or lime
water, which operation results in a fresh chemical reaction. The chemical
preparation is now terminated. It is found that the very voluminous
precipitate thus formed carries down with it the most minute particles
in suspension, and the whole mass is then retained by the filtering
material. The water issues from thence quite clear and limpid, and in
this case, if it be thought necessary, any of the so called disinfectants,
such as, for instance, carbolic acid or permanganate of potash may be
added to this water.
Having now defined the nature and mode of carrying out this Inven-
in declosed that what is claimed as novel in the same is