IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE. OP VELVET AND IN THE APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN
Year: 1865

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Henri Adrien Bonneville, of the British and Foreign.
Patent Offices, 24 Rue du Mont Thabor, Paris, in the Empire of France,.
and 38, Porchester Terrace, Bayswater, in the County of Middlesex,
Patent Agent, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE.
OP VELVET AND IN THE APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN."-A communication
from the Firm of Messieurs Fraisse-Brossard, fils jeunes, residing at Saint
Etienne (Departement de la Loire) in the Empire of France, aforesaid..
Sealed the 18th October 1865, and dated the 28th August 1865.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION filed by the said Henri Adrien Bonneville
at the Office of the Commissioners Patents, with his Petition and
Declaration on the 28th August 1865, pursuant to the 9th Section of
the Patent Law Amendment Act, 1852.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, HENRI
ADRIEN BONNEVILLE, of the British and Foreign Patent Offices, 24, Rue du
Mont Thabor, Paris, in the Empire of France, and 88, Porchester Terrace,
Bayswater, in the County of Middlesex, Patent Agent, send greeting."
WHEREAS I am in possession of an 'Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF. VELVET AND IN THE APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN," 'communi
cated to me by the Firm of "Messieurs Fraisse-Brossard, fils jeunes," persons
residing at Saint Etienne (Departement de la Loire), in the Empire of France,
aforesaid, and have petitioned Her Majesty to grant unto me, my executors,

page_text: administrators, and assigns, Her Royal Letters Patent for the same, and have
made solemn declaration that it is a communication.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Henri Adrien Bonneville, do hereby
declare that the following Complete Specification under my hand and seal,
fully describes and ascertains the nature of the Invention, and the manner
in which the same is to be performed, reference being had to the Figures of
the accompanying Drawing, and to the letters marked thereon, that is to say:
The object of this Invention is to permit of keeping in stock a sufficient
quantity of raw velvet, that is to say, velvet without any other colour than
the natural tint of the silk, so as to supply any amount of velvet of any
required colour, in a brief delay, not longer than that required for dyeing it.
Velvet is usually made double, the silk being dyed beforehand, and cut by
a blade acting on the loom itself. By this Invention the buyer will only
require, for the delivery of the--order, to wait till the velvet is dyed to the
required shade, a delay comparatively short, instead of, as at present, waiting
several months, while the velvet is being woven. For the fashionable shades,
susceptible of changing from day to day, the importance of this process may
well be understood, as it allows of obtaining in a short time a considerable
quantity of velvet of any colour, which in demand to-day may be "out of date"
to-morrow.
This Invention surmounts great difficulties. Thus, it has been impossible
to dye after making when the pile was cut on the loom, as this pile, no longer
supported, bent under the action of the tinctorial drugs, and, notwithstanding
its being brushed by a machine constructed for the purpose, it fell, and thus
the manufacture became very defective.
To obtain the desired results it has been necessary, firstly, to make two
pieces without cutting them so as to dye them before being cut when the
pile is held at both ends by the backs of the two pieces; to do this the loom
had to be disposed as seen Fig. 1 of the accompanying Drawing; secondly, to
construct the cutting machine shown Fig. 2; thirdly, to construct a regulator
to regulate the height of the pile, consequent on the use of our cutting
machine shown Fig. 3, 4, and 5.
Fig. 1 represents a side elevation of the loom. The regulator is placed in
the box a. The piece of velvet passes from the roller b to the drum c. The
transmission of the wheels of the drum regulator is placed at d and
commanded by the bar e from the motive force of the loom. According to
the greater or less developpement of the diameter of the regulator of the
pile (the movement of which will be hereafter described). the. iron wire f
withdraws-or-advances, and thus gives to the chain of the pile, to which it is

page_text: connected by a large bar, a more or less rapid movement. The loom has
been thus disposed after removing the cutters.
Fig. 2 is a front elevation representing the apparatus for cutting. velvet in
two pieces. It is moved by the pulley g, which turns the shaft h bearing the
cylindrical cutter i. The piece of velvet k, wound on the drum k¹ is cut in
two at the point m by the cutter, one of the pieces going to the right on the
roller n and the other to the left on the roller n', which turn and each carry
off its piece by the toothed wheels placed behind the machine. Each piece
is brushed in passing by the fixed brushes o, o¹. The pile is cut exactly in
two equal parts, particularly when it is all of the
the pile regulator.
same height, by the use of
Fig. 4 shows a side section of the pile regulator, it is formed of two plates,
one of which (Fig. 5) is provided with a steel spring r, and the other s (Fig. 3)
with a toothed part t, when one of these plates is turned on the other this
spring diminshes or increases in diameter. As soon as the required diameter
is given to the spring it is fixed by means of a screw acting on a stop u; on
the diameter of this spring depends, as before said, the arrival of the pile chain,
and consequently its greater or less height on the fabric.
If after cutting the pile tends to fall or lay at any part of its surface a jet
of steam is used for raising it.
Having thus described the nature of the said Invention, and the manner
in which the same is to be performed, I would have it understood that I do
not confine myself to the precise mechanical details above given; but what
I claim is,
Firstly, dyeing velvet after weaving and before cutting its pile.
And, secondly, the general construction of the apparatus employed in its
manufacture, and cutting the whole substantially as above described and repre-
sented in the accompanying Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said Henri Adrien Bonneville, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Twenty-fourth day of August, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-five.
H. BONNEVILLE.
(LS)