IMPROVEMENTS IN REGULATING APPARATUS OR VALVE GEAR FOR STEAM-ENGINES
Year: 1884

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
I, HERBERT JOHN HADDAN of the firm of Herbert and Company, Patent
Agents, of 67, Strand, in the City of Westminster, Civil Engineer, do hereby ⚫
declare the nature of said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN REGULATING
APPARATUS OR VALVE GEAR FOR STEAM-ENGINES," a communication to me from
abroad by Abraham Zalm, of Rotterdam, Holland, Gentleman, and in what -
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement :-
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This system has in view to allow the steam to flow into the steam cylinder
as suddenly as possible, to rule the expansion in accordance with the existing
resistance, and to diminish clearances as much as possible.
Instead of using but one slide valve box, a separate valve and valve box is
provided for each inlet and each outlet of steam, as is the case in some modern
steam engines for instance those of Sulzer and of Nolet, and each valve is con-
trolled separately, there being two valves for the admission and two for the outlet
of steam.
In the accompanying drawings W shows a section of the wall of a perpendicular
steam-cylinder of a marine engine, with the slide valve A, admitting steam to the
upper part of the piston.
The shaft B is perpendicular to the crank shaft or screw-shaft and set in motion
from the latter by bevel wheels, which cause it to make an equal number of
revolutions as the crank shaft.
C represents a disk, attached to B, C¹ is a plan of the same, C² a right-hand―
C3 a left-hand side view, C a section of C2 and C³ a section of C¹.
D is a pawl pivoted to the extension E of the slide-valve-rod.
D' a side view of the same.
'As soon as D is thrown back, out of contact with C, the slide-valve closes, and
the collar P compresses the spiral spring, projecting from the box G.
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The bracket F holds a small wheel of tempered steel, adapted to roll along D as
illustrated by the detail views D' and F¹.
H is a bearing for the shaft B. R is the expansion-regulator or resistance-
governor attached to the slide valve box.
The steam supply-pipe is bolted to the flange R¹.
The regulator spindle moves with its half-conical end along the guide S. 'The
horizontally sliding rod supported by a pair of small steel rollers, is moved to and
fro by the half conical end of the regulator spindle, shown on a larger scale by
Fig 5.

page_text: •
The present regulator is of the same system as the governor described in the
specification of the patent dated the 16th day of February 1884 N° 3420, but has
no direct mode of closing for the steam, the regulator-piston and rod acting alone,
this rod being kept up by a spiral spring (see Fig 5).
D is supported by the disc C, as shown in Fig 1, and by the turning of C, D will
be forced to ascend the slope of C up, to I thereby lifting the slide valve and
opening the steam ports. When the slide-valve has been entirely opened, it will
remain so, until I reaches the pawl, (see C¹); D will then be released, so as to fall
down and close the steam ports, because the cam I', being placed excentrically upon
the spindle, pushes back D.
Subsequently D will be restored by the pawl-spring and replaced above the lower
part of C, which rises in the form of a screw or inclined plane.
The spiral spring in G will prevent D from falling too. hard upon the lower
part of C.
The distance between I and I' may be lengthened or shortened, as well as the
stroke of the slide-valve, by altering the number of ports in the valve-face and
valve, (the figure shows two steam ports).
D' may be provided with a small steel roller to facilitate its rising (see D2).
During a constant resistance this movement will always remain the same, but as
soon as the engine gets less burdened, the regulator-spindle will come down and K
be pushed forward, in accordance with the resistance. D will then strike K sooner
and hence be disengaged from C before reaching I
The valve serving to admit steam to the under side of the engine piston, will be
lifted and ruled with a. regulator and a disc C in a similar manner as the upper
valve, the disc C of the lower valve being united to the shaft B in such a way as
to cause the 'slope to stand exactly opposite to that of disc C of the upper valve and
thus follow by half a turn or stroke of the piston.
Fig 2 shows a grid valve moved in a similar way by means of a spindle or shaft,
perpendicular to the crank shaft and carrying at the top a disk of somewhat
different form. This disc is so made as to allow the valve to open quickly and
remain so a long time (see 2A and 3 A, showing different shapes). Both the
exhaust and the fresh steam will always press the valve against the valve-face.
With this type of valves their travel may be shortened by multiplying the
number of apertures of the valve-face (the figure shows 3).
In order to prevent any bending of the rod of the slide-valve, the point or
extremity B is set in motion by a slotted lever arm P¹.
t
The crank shaft Fig 3 is provided with two opposite bevel wheels Q and Q¹
either of which may be made to gear into the bevel wheel mounted on the
shaft B, with the aid of a handle, being for the forward, Q for the backward
movement.
By means of a smail handle which may for instance be secured to the stay, or
bracket S, the cone of the regulator-spindle may 'be pressed down so as to stop the
work of the steam-engine entirely or partially. This may be done for the cones
of both regulators at once with one handle, acting on two thin rods. The spindle
serving to open and close the outlet valves, may be moved with one conical wheel
upon the shaft.
For the turning astern, the regulating disk corresponding to C of Fig 1 will have
to be turned half round on its axis."
The disks may be attached to or formed on a sleeve surrounding the shaft which
corresponds to B of Fig 1.
This sleeve is provided with two grooves and the shaft with a corresponding
stud or key.
The left half of Fig 4-shows the position of the sleeve for one direction and the
right half for the other.
г.
A forked handle M with a pair of studs serves to move or adjust the ring O
along the shaft. This ring contains a stud projecting into a belical groove of the
sleeve and causes in this way the sleeve to turn round,

page_text: The shaft is provided with set screws, to prevent the sleeve from rising or
falling.
Instead of the slide-valves, lifting valves may be used, such as illustrated by.
Fig 6, or any other mode of admission or discharge.
For the single valve of the Fig 6, two valves may be employed, with an aggregate
area equal to that of the single one, and keeping each other almost in equilibrium..
The power of the regulator piston may be varied by lowering or raising in some
measure the inner cylinder.
The nature of the work of the regulator piston will demand but very little
motive power. The check K also can always be adjusted for different resistances
by lowering or pulling up the cross plate of the regulator, which plate keeps up the
spiral spring.
In this way, each variation of the load will produce an automatic motion of the
rod of the regulator piston and of the check or latch K.
It is also possible to control both steam conduits with a single regulator, by
making use of two latches K instead of one; the cone of the regulator-rod will
then have a shape, similar to that illustrated by Z Fig 5.
Fig L is a larger view of a half cone and check, as shown in Fig 1.
Instead of the spring and case G (Fig 1), a cylinder containing air or glycerine
and provided with a piston having small apertures may be employed, so as to
prevent the too violent fall of the slide valve.
The discharge valves may be placed on one side of the cylinder and their
movement derived from the spindle or shaft which sets in motion the inlet valves.
Without further comment on the application of this system to various sorts of
engines, it will be evident that with a trifling change of the subordinate parts it
may be applied to all of them.
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In this description the system is therefore only explained with respect to one
cylinder, although it may be applied to compound and other engines.
Therefore I do not bind myself to any special form for the different parts, neither
to the material they will be made of, but I claim
1. A regulating apparatus for steam engines, comprising a governor of the type
described in the specification of Patent No 3420 of 1884 and two independent sets
of mechanism for controlling by the motion of the governor spindle two independent
admission valves, one for each end of the cylinder.
2. A regulating apparatus for steam engines, comprising two independent
governors of the type described in the specification of Patent N° 3420 of 1884
and two independent sets of mechanism for controlling the steam inlet to the
two sides of the cylinder by the position of the respective governors.
3. The mechanism for producing or controlling the motion of an admission valve
from the driving shaft and from the resistance governor, which mechanism chiefly
comprises a shaft B, disk C, pawl D, guide S latch K and a regulator spindle
substantially as described and illustrated.
4. The mechanism for setting in motion two admission valves from the driving
shaft by means of a single shaft B, having a disk C at each end, substantially as
described and illustrated.
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