IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR DISCHARGING COALS, MINERALS, AND OTHER MATERIALS FROM RAILWAY, TRAMWAY, AND OTHER WAGGONS
Year: 1855

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Edward Finch, of Chepstow, for the Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR DISCHARGING COALS, MINERALS, AND
OTHER MATERIALS FROM RAILWAY, TRAMWAY, AND OTHER WAGGONS."
Sealed the 8th February 1856, and dated the 10th August 1855.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Edward Finch at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 10th
August 1855.
I, EDWARD FINCH, of Chepstow, do hereby declare the nature of the
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR DISCHARGING COALS, MINERALS,
AND OTHER MATERIALS FROM RAILWAY, TRAMWAY, AND OTHER WAGGONS," to be as
follows:-
This Invention consists in an improved construction of apparatus for tipping
railway, tramway, and other waggons.
Heretofore an apparatus has sometimes been used for this purpose, which
consists of a frame on to which the waggon is run. On the under edges of
the sides of this frame are formed curved surfaces or rockers, on which the
frame rocks sufficiently to tip the contents out of the waggon; and the rockers
are so arranged, that when the full waggon is run on to the frame, the centre
of gravity falls outside the bearing points of the rockers, and therefore the tip
takes place; but when the waggon becomes empty, the position of the centre
of gravity is so changed that the frame and waggon return to their first position.
Now, my Invention consists in applying breaks to frames of this description,
so that the waggon may be held in place whilst tipping, or be prevented at
will from tipping, and so as to avoid any violent action on the return and

page_text: delivery of the empty waggon; and also in using detached rockers, that is to
say, not forming one piece with the side frames. These detached rockers are
fixed by bolts and nuts to the side frames in such a manner that the position
of the rocker can be adjusted to suit the size of the waggon to be tipped.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Edward Finch in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
9th February 1856.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, EDWARD
FINCH, of Chepstow, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Tenth day of August, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and fifty-five, in the nineteenth year of Her reign,
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said
Edward Finch, Her special licence that I, the said Edward Finch, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Edward
Finch, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during
the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise,
and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "6 IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY FOR DISCHARGING COALS, MINERALS, AND OTHER MATERIALS FROM
RAILWAY, TRAMWAY, AND OTHER WAGGONS," upon the condition (amongst others)
that I, the said Edward Finch, my executors or administrators, by an instru-
ment in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should
particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in
what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in
the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately
after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Edward Finch, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement thereof, that is to say :-
This Invention consists in an improved construction of apparatus for tipping
railway, tramway, and other waggons.
Heretofore an apparatus has sometimes been used for this purpose, which
consists of a frame on to which the waggon is run. On the under edges of

page_text: the sides of this frame are formed curved surfaces or rockers, on which the
frame rocks sufficiently to tip the contents out of the waggon; and the rockers
are so arranged, that when the full waggon is run on to the frame, the centre
of gravity falls outside the bearing points of the rockers, and therefore the tip
takes place; but when the waggon becomes empty, the position of the centre
of gravity is so changed that the frame and waggon return to their first position.
Now, my Invention consists in applying breaks to frames of this description,
so that the waggon may be held in place when tipping, or be prevented at will
from tipping, and so as to avoid any violent action on the return and delivery
of the empty waggon; and also in using detached rockers, that is to say, not
forming one piece with the side frames. These detached rockers are fixed by
bolts and nuts to the side frames' in such a manner that the position of the
rocker can be adjusted to suit the size of the waggon to be tipped.
Having thus stated the nature of my said Invention, I will proceed more
fully to describe the manner of performing the same.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING.
Figure 1 shows a side view of a waggon and tip, some of the parts being
shown in section; Figure 2 is an end view, partly in section. The peculiarity
of these tips is, that at about the centre it rests upon rockers attached to the
side plates forming the tip, and which sustain the rail upon which the waggon
required to be emptied is brought. These rockers are made loose, and so
adjusted to the side framing, that when the full waggon of coals, ballast, iron
ore, or other material is pushed on to the tip as far as it will go, and the fore
pair of wheels are brought up against the framings, which at the ends are
turned up to receive the wheels, that the centre of gravity of the full waggon
shall be so much before the centre of the centre of gravity of the tip, that it
shall cause the fore part of the waggon to fall, and thereby tip the coal out of
the
and that when the coal has all been thus delivered out of the
waggon;
waggon, the centre of gravity of the empty waggon and tip will have been so
altered and thrown back, that the preponderating weight shall then be at the
hinder part of the tip, and the waggon with the tip shall fall to its horizontal
position again, ready for the waggon to be removed, and another full one
brought, wherewith to repeat the operation.
It will be observed, by reference to the Drawing, that the rockers are formed
with cogs upon them, which meet corresponding notches in a piece of iron
attached to each side of the lower or sustaining frame, and that the motion of
the tip and waggon is the operation of a body rolling forward on a surface
when tipping, and rolling back again when coming to its horizontal position.

page_text: To govern and controul the action of the tip, there is attached to the end of
the tip frame a curved piece of iron, which moves on the inner side against a
piece of iron, or hard wood, or a roller, and against the other piece of this
curved piece of iron a break is pressed by a weight, which keeps the tip
stationary, even after the full waggon is upon it, until it is thought fit that the
waggon should be tipped. The shaft of this break is continued to a convenient
place, and here a handle is attached, coming through the floor, and by means
of this handle the break may be removed from the curved piece of iron, and
the waggon be allowed to rise. When it has risen to the requisite height the
break is again put on, and, if need be, held hard to its place until all the
material is emptied out of the waggon; the break is then again eased, and the
empty waggon is allowed to fall as gradually as may be required until it
resumes its horizontal position. I would remark that the form of break
shown is that which I prefer, but different arrangements of breaks may, if
desired, be employed.
Figure 3 shows a modification of the tipping apparatus to admit of the use
of different waggons, the curved end of this tip being made adjustable, so that
when waggons are used with the fore wheels a greater distance from the end
than those shown, the bent parts of the tip may be varied in their positions.
a, a, are the waggons; b, b, are the curved rockers, with cogs or teeth on their
under sides; c, c, are the plates in which they rock; d is the break; e, the
handle on the axis of the break; and f is the curved bar against which the
break acts.
Having thus described the nature of my said Invention, and the manner
of performing the same, I would have it understood that I do not claim any of
the mechanical parts separately, nor do I confine myself to the precise details;
but what I claim is, the mode herein described of combining the mechanical
parts into tipping apparatus for facilitating the discharging of coals, minerals,
and other materials from waggons.
In witness whereof, I, the said Edward Finch, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Ninth day of February, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-six.
Witness,
J. G. JONES.
EDWD FINCH. (L.S.)