matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IRRIGATING OR SELF-SUPPLYING WATER BRUSHES, BROOMS, AND SPONGES
Year: 1861

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to George John Baptist Loyer, of No. 2, Brunswick
Place, Brixton Hill, in the County of Surrey, Gentleman, for the
Invention of "IRRIGATING OR SELF-SUPPLYING WATER BRUSHES, BROOMS,
AND SPONGES." A communication from abroad by Mr. J. Lemoine,
Practical Chemist, resident at No. 34, Rue St. Paul, Paris.
"
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said George John Baptist
Loyer at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 23rd March 1861.
I, GEORGE JOHN BAPTIST LOYER, of No. 2, Brunswick Place, Brixton
Hill, in the County of Surrey, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IRRIGATING OR SELF-SUPPLYING WATER BRUSHES, BROOMS,
AND SPONGES," to be as follows:-
The improvement introduced for brushes, brooms, and sponges used to
clean carriages, horses, shop fronts, or other places is, that the handle of the
water brush is perforated in its entire length, which permits the water to reach
the brush and to flow from the head, it being drilled with small holes near

page_text: each tuft of hair or other material of which it is made. The back of the brush
head is covered by a piece of thin wood or metallic plate.
A gutta percha, india-rubber, or pipe of any other flexible material is
adapted, one end to a water tap, the other end to the handle of the brush
through which flows the water required.
At about two or three inches from the end of the tube adapted to the
brush handle is a small cock made of wood, brass, or other material, by means
of which the supply of water can be increased, diminished, or entirely stopped
according to requirements, and the other end of the tube is arranged so that
it may be easily adapted to the tap whence the water is taken.
The advantages to be derived from the use of these irrigating or self-
supplying water brushes, brooms, or sponges are a considerable saving of time
and labor in washing carriages, shops, or other places, and a much longer
duration of the paint and varnish, as clean water is continually flowing on the
object washed.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SPINDLES AND FLYERS USED IN MACHINERY FOR SPINNING AND TWISTING FIBROUS SUBSTANCES
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Smith and William Smith
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on the
27th August 1861.
We, JOSEPH SMITH and WILLIAM SMITII, both of Keighley, in the County of
York, Machine Makers, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN SPINDLES AND FLYERS USED IN MACHINERY FOR SPINNING
AND TWISTING FIBROUS SUBSTANCES," to be as follows:-
This Invention is applicable to spindles and flyers used in machinery
employed for spinning or twisting all kinds of fibrous substances, and relates
to the method of attaching the flyer to the top of the spindle.
The ordinary method of attaching the flyer to the spindle is, forming a
screw at the upper end of the spindle, and a corresponding female screw in the
boss at the upper part of the flyer, and so screwing them together.
Our improved method of attaching the flyer to the spindle consists in dis-
pensing with screws, and forming in the top or upper part of the spindle a
groove or bayonet slot, and in fixing or attaching a small pin or projection to
the inside of the boss at the upper part of the flyer, which locks into the said
groove or slot, and thus fixes the flyer at once without screwing.
By the use of this Invention the spinner will have much greater facility for
removing and replacing the flyers, and hence a great saving of time in doffing
the bobbins will be effected. And the flyer being by these means attached to

page_text: the spindle in a more accurate manner than by the old method, there will be
less liability to irregularity, or injury to the spindle or flyer, which will
consequently last longer, and a considerable saving of expense be thereby
obtained.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MEANS OF STOPPING OR RETARDING RAILWAY AND OTHER CARRIAGES
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Hermann Christian Meyer, at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
22nd November 1861.
i
I, HERMANN CHRISTIAN MEYER, of Ashford Street, Hoxton, in the
County of Middlesex, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MEANS OF STOPPING OR RETARDING RAILWAY
AND OTHER CARRIAGES," to be as follows:-.
I use the weight of the carriages or their motive power as break power; to
which end I shift or turn the axles or bearings and use eccentric axles or
eccentric bearings, or lower or raise the bearings by any other motion, or
reverse the eccentric axles or eccentric bearings generally, thus forcing. the
wheels towards a break fixed on the body of a carriage, or I lower the body
of carriage (with fixed stay and breaks) on to the rails or roadway. The
bearings for railway carriages should be eccentric, and each have a moveable
stopper or pall so as to prevent them from turning.
The moveable stopper or pall is raised by a lever or other suitable motion,
the levers to be connected by connecting rods and chain couplings to friction
gear on the driving axle of the locomotive or engine (the friction gear to be
double acting for both the forwards and backwards motion of the engine); the
friction gear to have a hand lever within reach of the driver or person in
charge of the break; when the hand lever is moved it will act so as to wind
up a chain connected to the levers, and so liberate the eccentric bearings, when
the latter will make a partial turn, and so lower the breaks, which are fixed

page_text: under the frame of the carriage but above the wheels, on to the wheels; or
the breaks may be fixed before or behind the wheels (as stays), of such length
that they will reach to à short distance of the rails, and in this case, by
liberating the bearings, which will turn by the weight of the carriage, and so
the latter will sink on to the rails or road, and the wheels will then clear the
rails or road, the eccentric bearing being made to give a greater throw than
the distance of the said stays from the rails or road. After having stopped or
retarded the train by the above means, to set the train in motion again there
is fixed on the eccentric bearings a lever, connected by connecting rods and
coupling chains to a second double-acting friction gear drum, with hand lever
within reach of the driver or person in charge of the break, by moving which
lever the drum will revolve and wind up the loose chain, and so with the
power of the engine, or animal power, turn all the eccentric bearings into
their proper positions. The moveable stopper drops and the carriages will
proceed. Various motions may be applied which will have the same effect as
eccentric bearings or eccentric axles.
In common road carriages, as omnibuses and the like, the application of the
eccentric bearing or eccentric axles will cause the axle itself to make a partial
turn when break power is to be applied, although the axle will as usual remain
fixed when the carriage is in progress.
IMPROVEMENTS IN FIRE-BARS AND FURNACES
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Brown at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 26th November
1861.
I, JAMES BROWN, of. No. 2, Ribchester Terrace, Bridge Road, Stratford, in
the County of Essex, Machinest, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN FIRE-BARS AND FURNACES," to be as follows:-
I claim as my Invention, first, the manufacturing of fire-bars in several
parts, which I call clumps; these clumps can be made either of prepared clay,
such as fire-clay, or iron, as the case may require, so that one bar would con-
sist of several clumps, according to the length of the bar required; these parts
are kept together and prevented from falling through by means of troughs made
of sheet iron, or by two flat sides kept apart by stretchers or bolts, the clumps
laying therein, and in the case where I use stretchers or bolts, the clumps are
so made as to rest at both ends on these stretchers or bolts; by this means
there is a continual stream of cold air passing between the bars and the
troughs, and the troughs being kept below the surface of the clumps, prevent
the former being affected by the heat; and my intention of using these kind of
bars, is, that in the event of one portion becoming useless through any cause,
to take that portion out and replace the same by another clump without
wasting the whole bar.

page_text: Secondly, I claim a novel shape for the ash-hole or fire-place; this is done
by making it bell-mouthed; and I have a door to fit the mouth of the fire-place
or ash-hole working on a bar that goes across the mouth of the ash-hole, and
forms a damper, and regulates the generating of steam. This damper can be
worked either by the man attending the fire, or can be made self-acting by
having a connecting rod from the same to a valve similar to a safety valve.
IMPROVEMENTS IN TRANSMITTING MOTIVE POWER, ESPECIALLY APPLICABLE TO PISTON PROPELLERS
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Dover Chatterton at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 15th
August 1861.
I, RICHARD DOVER CHATTERTON, of Highbury Terrace, in the County
of Middlesex, Esquire, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN TRANSMITTING MOTIVE POWER, ESPECIALLY APPLICABLE TO
PISTON PROPELLERS," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in arranging round the periphery of a drum, one,
two, or more series of wedge-shaped projections, each of which series bears
against and upon a friction roller supported between or upon the cheeks
or sides of a wheel in such manner as to cause the wheel to rock by
the action of the wedge projections. When for transmitting power to
piston propellers, that is, such propellers as effect the propulsion of the
vessel by the direct action of the piston on the water, ropes, chains,. or
other like means of attachment are first made fast to each of the cheeks of
the wheels, they are then carried under them, are passed through guides on the
covers of the cylinders in which the propelling pistons work, and are turned back
and secured to the cross heads of the piston rods. The power transmitted
from and by the wedge-shaped projections on the main drum forces the pistons
from the top to the bottom of the cylinder, while the return stroke is effected by
the pressure of the water, aided if need be by springs. In this case from con-
tinuous rotary, reciprocating motion is obtained. For the purpose of obtaining

page_text: increased or multiplied velocity, as compared with that of the main wedge drum,
then instead of ropes or chains, connecting rods may be employed for connecting
the wheels carrying the friction rollers with cranks.
When transmitting power to piston propellers I find it advisable to employ
two sets of piston propellers, one set opening at or towards the stern, and the
other set at or towards the bow, in order to move a'stern or a'head as required.
And when using such two sets of piston propellers, instead of reversing the
main wedge drum, I connect one set of friction wheels and propellers, and at
the same time disconnect the opposite set so that the vessel may be propelled
forward or a'stern without stopping or interfering with the motion of the main
wedge drum.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Murphy at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 4th March
1861.
I, ROBERT MURPHY, of Crumlin Road, Belfast, in the County of Antrim,
Machine Fitter, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to a peculiar arrangement of apparatus for removing
the pressure of the swell upon the shuttles of looms at the time of their entering
and leaving the box, and consists in the employment of mechanism which
operates directly upon the swell itself without the intervention of cams,
tappets, or additional springs.
According to one mode of carrying out my Invention, I propose to connect
the back of the swell with the upper end of a lever which works on an
adjustable centre carried by the slay. The lower portion of this lever is bent
nearly at right angles, and continued some distance in a nearly horizontal
direction towards the back part of the loom. Upon this horizontal part of the
lever is fitted an adjustable incline, which is acted upon so as to move the
lever and withdraw the swell at each stroke of the slay by an antifriction
roller carried by a bent arm working loose on a stud in the side of the loom.
bent lever enters just
A guard plate is provided, under which the point of the
as the antifriction roller leaves the adjustable incline, so as to give a gentle
pressure to steady the shuttle when entering the box; by this time the bent
lever has left the guard, and consequently all the pressure is on the shuttle
when in the shuttle box, and is entirely removed when leaving it.
IMPROVED MEANS OF RESISTING AND EXTINGUISHING FIRE IN BUILDINGS OR ON BOARD SHIP
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Gilfoy at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with bis Petition, on the 3rd July 1861.
I, CHARLES GILFOY, of the Town and County of the Town of Southampton,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVED MEANS OF
RESISTING AND EXTINGUISHING FIRE IN BUILDINGS OR ON BOARD SHIP," to be as.
follows:-
The Invention consists principally in fitting or constructing the rooms of
buildings, and the cabins, holds, or other compartments of vessels, with water-
tight or perforated ceilings, and providing such ceilings with pipes and union
joints, to which the engine hose or pipes from the main or other water servico
may be connected, so that in the event of fire in any room or compartment
the ceiling above the same may be charged with water, and thus not only will
the water be discharged through the perforated pipes or perforated ceiling
directly on to the fire to extinguish the same, but the ceiling being charged
with water will resist the fire, and prevent it from communicating with the
stories or compartments above.
The ceiling may be made of perforated zinc or other suitable material, and
may be divided into compartments or otherwise, as preferred. Perforated
pipes may also be used instead of the perforated ceiling or in connection
therewith for distributing the water. The union joints or connections for the
hose or service pipes may be placed outside the apartments, so that in the

page_text: event of fire the hose or pipe may be attached and the fire extinguished
without opening doors or windows, removing goods, or endangering life by
exposure to the fire or smoke; or the union joints or connections for the hose
or service pipes may be placed inside the apartments, if desired.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PREPARING CAOUTCHOUC, ADAPTED ESPECIALLY TO DENTAL PUR- POSES
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Archibald Brooman at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
20th March 1861.-A communication from abroad by Corneille Lambert
Charles Casimir Gobert, of Paris, France.
I, RICHARD ARCHIBALD BROOMAN, of 166, Fleet Street, in the City of
London, Patent Agent, do hereby declare- the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN PREPARING CAOUTCHOUC, ADAPTED ESPECIALLY TO DENTAL PUR-
POSES," (communicated to me from abroad by Corneille Lambert Charles
Casimir Gobert, of Paris, France,) to be as follows:-
For the purpose of this Invention I treat the red caoutchouc of commerce,
and in the following manner :-
1st, I soften the red caoutchouc by dissolving it in sulphuret of carbon,
ether, chloroform, or other solvent. According to the degree of solution to be
obtained the caoutchouc must be dissolved in a quantity of the solvent varying
from about one quarter of the weight up to an equivalent weight of
caoutchouc.
2nd, I introduce into the solution one of the following decoloring sub-
stances, sulphate of baryta, of manganese, of strontian, of antimony, calcined
alumina, calcined or precipitated silex, phosphate of lime, or carbonate of
baryta. These agents are used alone or mixed with oxide of zinc. The
object of their introduction is to reduce or tone down the red in the
caoutchouc, and to cause it to assume a flesh color tint; sometimes a little
carmine is added. The decoloring agent is introduced in about equal quantity

page_text: by weight to that of the red caoutchouc. The product obtained by the treat-
ment is in the form of a. flesh-colored paste of a consistence suitable for the
moulding of dental "pieces," and other articles to be manufactured. Where
the paste is required to be more supple and malleable a small quantity of
ordinary caoutchouc solution is added.
3rd, the dental "piece" or other article having been moulded from the paste
prepared as above described requires to be solidified. This operation takes
place in a closed vessel, where the temperature is raised to from about 300°
to about 335° Fahr. After an exposure of about half an hour the caoutchouc
will be found bard, and at the expiration of three quarters of an hour it will
be found to have acquired all the hardness necessary. Caoutchouc prepared
in the ordinary manner would require, to attain an equal degree of hardness,
at least one hour and a quarter.
The flesh color will be improved by exposing the "piece" or other article
either directly or in an alcoholic bath to solar rays for a period varying with
the intensity of the light.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PAPER
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Theophilus Redwood at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 19th Sep-
tember 1861.
I, THEOPHILUS REDWOOD, of 19, Montague Street, Russell Square, in the
County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PAPER," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in the use of sulphite of zinc, which is added to the
pulp of which paper is made, for the purpose of preventing the injurious
effects of chlorine or compounds of chlorine, which may result from the
process of bleaching the rags, and also for improving in other ways the
quality of the paper. I have found the addition of about five parts of the
sulphite to as much of the pulp as contains one hundred parts of the dry
ingredients, to answer the purpose, but I do not confine myself to this pro-
portion.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF NIGHT LIGHTS
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alexander Isaac Austen at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 30th
December 1861.
I, ALEXANDER ISAAC AUSTEN, of Millwall, in the County of Middlesex,
Candle Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF NIGHT LIGHTS," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in producing transparency in the case, and a polish
on the outside of the ordinary thick box or "round" used in the manufacture
of night lights by saturating the box with a candle or night light material of
a higher melting point than the fatty material which the box surrounds.
The method I find most suitable in producing this transparency and polish is
to steep the box in a preparation of stearine and wax, which, when with-
drawn, is allowed to drain in a hot closet, the boxes are then placed on a
mandril, and while revolving in a lathe, or otherwise, a polish is produced by
the friction of a flannel or other suitable pad.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR CUTTING TURNIPS, ROOTS, OR OTHER SUBSTANCES
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Hope and William Green-
halgh at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition,
on the 12th June 1861.
We, JOIN HOPE and WILLIAM GREENHALGH, of Bedford, in the County of
Lancaster, Mechanics, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR CUTTING TURNIPS,
ROOTS, OR OTHER SUBSTANCES," to be as follows:-
Our Invention consists in an arrangement of apparatus for cutting turnips
and other vegetable matter, in which the substance to be cut is pressed or
forced by means of a piston from a "hopper" against a series of knives or
plates, arranged so as to cut or form the substance into lengths of a four-sided
or other shape or form, and which are afterwards cut transversely by means of
rotating blades or cutters, or descending knives, and the turnip or other
substance is delivered in pieces somewhat cubical in shape, and of such
dimensions as the knives and rotating blades may be adapted to form them.
The apparatus being worked by an ordinary description of mechanism arranged
and designed for the purpose.
AN EQUILIBRIUM STEERING APPARATUS
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Stratford at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 6th
June 1861.
'I, CHARLES STRATFORD, of No. 1, Crooms'. Hill Grove, Greenwich, Kent,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN EQUILIBRIUM
STEERING APPARATUS," to be as follows:-
It consists of a fan or blade being placed at the stern, bows, or stern and
bows of vessels, such fan or blade being worked by a vertical spindle; the
spindle being placed in the centre of the fan or blade, so that upon the fan
or blade assuming any anglo with the line of keel, two columns of water from
the two respective sides of the vessel will impinge upon the fan or blade with
equal force upon each side of the spindle or centre of motion, the entire force
being received upon the inclined surface of the fan or blade, and thrown off
in a lateral direction on one or other side of the vessel, the reacting force
causing the vessel to turn either way as required.
The special advantages are as follows:-
1st, in cases where this apparatus is used in combination with a screw pro-
peller, screw propellers, or any other propeller or propellers which thrust the
water ahead or astern, the force of the engines is brought to bear directly. in
turning the vessel, instead of that force first communicating motion to the vessel
ahead or astern, or in other words, the vessel can be turned quickly either way
without shifting her position ahead or asteru.

page_text: 2nd, in vessels which from their form require very great surface of rudder,
such as the iron floating batteries, this apparatus may be used with much
advantage, as the surface may be greatly increased without reference to the
power required to work the helm.
The general advantages are as follows:-
1st, in steering and manoeuvring the vessel at sea and in harbor, the effect
will be much quicker. This peculiarity will apply more particularly to very
long and fast vessels.
2nd, in cases where it may be desired to stop the head or stern motion of
the vessel quickly, this apparatus will effect the same by merely turning the
fan or blade to a position at right angles to the keel.
3rd, the force acting upon the fan or blade in all its positions being
balanced, the power required to work the helm will be simply that necessary
to overcome the friction of the parts. Ono- helmsman only will be required
under any circumstances, and the possibility of accidents arising from the
recoil of the wheel or other gear will be avoided.
4th, much advantage will be gained from the strength,. combined with
lightness, compactness, and simplicity of the fan or blade and its gear, as well
as less liability to fracture or derangement of parts, either from its ordinary
working or from being struck by shot, &c.
Lastly, it will be found that the fan or blade may be easily and quickly
unshipped for repair at sea, and shipped again; or in tho event of serious
damage, a spare fan or blade may be substituted.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF GAS
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Leslie at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 13th Novem-
ber 1861.
I, JOHN LESLIE, Esquire, of No. 60, Conduit Street, Hanover Square, in the
County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF GAS," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in the manufacture
of gas.
For these purposes, in order to manufacture gas more advantageously from
hydrocarbon fluids the following are the means employed:-The hydrocarbon
fluid is caused to flow or drop down a tube or series of tubes, by preference in
an upright position, within an outer vessel or retort which is heated externally;
this may be conveniently done by a furnace below the lower end of the vessel
or retort, together with a spiral flue around the exterior of the retort or vessel.
At the lower end of this retort or vessel is a smaller retort or chamber, which
may be separate from or form part of the retort or vessel first mentioned. From
the upper part of this smaller retort or vessel rises an outlet pipe through the
first-mentioned vessel or retort, up which pipe the gas passes from the smaller
retort for use. The hydrocarbons descend by the tube or tubes nearly to the
outer surface of the smaller retort, and the products thus caused to be evolved
from these fluids will ascend to the other end of the first-mentioned retort,
from whence such products then descend through another tube or series of

page_text: tubes which at their lower ends are connected to the smaller vessel or retort,
and consequently the products evolved external of the smaller or inner retort
are conducted by such tubes into the smaller retort or vessel, by which the
hydrocarbons and the products evolved therefrom will be caused to pass
through very extensive heated surfaces before the gas thus obtained is con-
ducted away out of the apparatus for use by the outlet pipe rising from the
smaller retort or vessel.
AN IMPROVED OPTICAL INSTRUMENT FOR THE USE OF DESIGNERS AND OTHERS
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Oswald Small at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 11th
June 1861.
I, THOMAS OSWALD SMALL, of the Town and County of Newcastle-upon-
Tyne, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED
OPTICAL INSTRUMENT FOR THE USE OF DESIGNERS AND OTHERS," to be as follows:-
This improved optical instrument, which I call a polyeidoscope, is intended
chiefly for the use of pattern designers, glass and paper stainers, jewellers,
upholsterers, calico printers, carpet, oil cloth, and silk manufacturers, embroid-
erers, decorators, and other trades wherein beauty of design and harmony of
color are desired, and is capable of producing an endless variety of elaborate
designs, each of which designs or combinations can be varied or modified in
size and form, and the effect of various colors and shades of back grounds
tried without disturbing its arrangement. Each design can remain fixed until
it is copied and may (if required) be photographed, thus affording to the
artizan and manufacturer every facility for producing with ease and certainty
the most beautiful and elaborate designs.
The instrument consists principally of a small box or case lighted by a
moveable glass slide so arranged as to subdue or give brilliancy to the designs.
In this case is mounted a roller capable of revolving and also of sliding to and
fro upon a central rod or wire. This roller may be either white or black or
colored, and is studded all over with small pieces of metal, glass, silk, artificial

page_text: flowers, beads, jewels, or any other material used in any of the above trades.
In the front of the case, opposite to this roller is placed a tube containing
prismatic reflectors similar to an ordinary kaleidoscope, and behind the roller is
a radiated disc, each radial division being of a different color or shade.
Upon looking through the eye piece of the tube, and turning round the
roller (by means of a button outside the case) the most beautiful designs will
appear in rapid succession, any one of which may be arrested till copied or re-
produced, and by turning round tho radiated disc the effect of variously colored
back grounds on the same design may be tried; by sliding the roller to and fro
any part of the roller may be brought to view, and by turning round the tube
the form of the design may be changed, so that an almost endless variety of
designs and effects may be thereby produced.
AN IMPROVED BUTTON OR STUD
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Bailey at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 12th December
1861.
I, HENRY BAILEY, of Trump Street, Cheapside, in the City of London, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED BUTTON OR
STUD," to be as follows:-
The Invention consists in forming the button or stud in two parts, similar
to the two discs or faces of ordinary studs, and in furnishing the interior
surfaces of these discs with a male and female screw formed of metal, and fixed
in the button or stud, só that by applying the two portions thereof, one on
each side of the garment or other object to be secured, and by screwing them
together through a small eyelet hole made therein, a perfect fastening will be
obtained, and the hole being merely large enough to allow of the passage of
the screw, it is impossible for the button or stud to become detached and lost,
as is often the case with the present studs or buttons, thus obviating the neces-
sity of sewing.
They may be made in pearl, ivory, metal, or any suitable material, and are
applicable to shirt fronts, wristbands, collars, gloves, and numerous other
purposes, either as regards wearing apparel or other objects.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE JOINTS ON HINGES OF LOCKETS
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Carter Haseler at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 12th April
1861.
I, GEORGE CARTER HASELER, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick,
Jeweller, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE JOINTS ON HINGES OF LOCKETS," to be as follows, that is to say:-
My Invention consists of the application of two parallel joints or hinges
acting side by side and in conjunction. The centre parts on he joints of
such hinges being soldered or otherwise connected together, to which centre
parts on he joints a ring or loop may be attached by which the locket may
IMPROVE- MENTS IN SCREW STOCKS AND DIES
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Penrose at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 30th August
1861. A communication from abroad by John Peace, of Reading,
Pennsylvania, United States of America.
I, ROBERT PENROSE, of Coley Mill, near Halifax, in the County of York,
Machinist, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN SCREW STOCKS AND DIES," a communication to me from abroad by
John Peace, of Reading, Pennsylvania, United States of America, to be as
follows:-
This Invention relates to stocks and dies for screwing or forming the threads
on gas pipes, bolts, or similar articles, and the improvements consist in having
the stock or frame part of the apparatus so formed or constructed as to become
a guide to the die, and having the die which is made taper in the cutting part
placed at a small distance from the side of the guide but parallel to and
concentric therewith. By means of this apparatus screws can be cut at one
operation with more accuracy and greater facility than heretofore.
AN IMPROVED METHOD OF MAKING BOOTS AND SHOES, OR OF PARTS THEREOF
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Southwood at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 31st August
1861.
I, WILLIAM SOUTHWOOD, of No. 7, Barkham Terrace, Saint George's Road,
in the Parish of Lambeth, in the County of Surrey, Civil Engineer, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED METHOD OF
MAKING BOOTS AND SHOES, OR OF PARTS THEREOF," to be as follows:―
I cut the edge of the inner soles of boots and shoes, "when more than one
sole is used, about three-eighths or half an inch deep inwards on the flat part
or side of the leather or material used; this cut must be sufficiently deep to
allow the pegging, nailing, rivetting, or screwing to be done or performed as
herein-after described. This incision may be made with an ordinary knife, or
circular knife, or saw, which may be turned or driven by any ordinary means;
a stop may also be used for regulating the depth of the cut, and adjusted, as
in the ordinary sawing machinery. I cast or cut out in the ordinary last upon
which boots and shoes are made a race or channel, or groove, round and near
to the outer edge of the last; this last should be made of metal upon the outer
edge when metal pegs, sprigs, nails, or screws are used, but when wooden pegs
are used this is not absolutely necessary; this race, channel, or groove is for
the purpose of enabling the workman or operator to turn into it one portion
of the inner sole cut for this purpose (as before described); after this has been
done, and the boot or shoe otherwise prepared for nailing, rivetting, or screwing

page_text: together, it will be seen that the inner points of the pegs, nails, or screws
when forced or driven through the leather or material of boots and shoes
so prepared, will turn or rivet against the outer edge of the last (" which
should be of metal ") when metal fastenings are used; when wooden pegs are
used, and the points cut off or rubbed down, the end or part so cut or rubbed
will remain, and bo between the material or leather of the inner sole when
the boot or shoe is finished, and the part previously turned into the last
returned to its original form or place. A thin piece of metal can also be
placed between the leather or material when cut, as before described; in
this case the groove in the last is not necessary.
What I claim as my improvement in making boots and shoes is, rivetting
or leaving the inside points or ends of the nails, pegs, or screws "when the
boots and shoes are finished between the leather or material of or forming the
inner soles of boots and shoes when an inner sole and more than one is
used; but when one only is used, I claim tho rivetting or leaving the inside
points or ends of nails, pegs, or screws, when the boots or shoes are finished
between the leather or material, substantially as herein described, and which
will be more fully described and set forth when my Drawings and final
explanations are deposited.
IMPROVEMENTS IN TEXTILE AND FELTED FABRICS
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Henry Julius William
Maximilian Liebmann at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with his Petition, on the 23rd November 1861.
I, CHARLES HENRY JULIUS WILLIAM MAXIMILIAN LIEBMANN, of Hudders-
field, in the County of York, Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN TEXTILE AND FELTED FABRICS," to be as
follows:-
These improvements consist in the application of felt to textile or woven
fabrics, or in combining felted fabrics with woven fabrics, either by the
process of felting fibrous substances on to or into the surface or surfaces of
woven fabrics, or by laying a felted fabric and a woven fabric together, and
causing them to adhere by process of felting or other suitable means. By
which improvements fabrics may be made with a strong woven foundation of
inferior fibrous materials, and the surface or surfaces of the fabric may be of
superior materials. Such fabrics may then be finished by usual means, and
printed if desirable, and used as carpets or for other purposes.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PREPARATION OR MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL. ALIZARINE
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Clark at tho Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 17th May
1861. A communication from abroad by Mr. François Zacharic Roussin,..
of 29, Boulevart St. Martin, Paris, in the Empire of France, Professor
of Chemistry.
I, WILLIAM CLARK, of 58, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex,.
Engineer & Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PREPARATION OR MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL.
ALIZARINE," to be as follows:-
I prepare artificial alizarine by the following process:-I introduce into a
capacious reservoir a mixture of binitro-napthalina dissolved in concentrated
sulphuric acid and granulated pewter, and heat it until some white vapour
appears therein. A quick reaction is manifested; the mixture becomes
black, and increases in bulk. When the reaction is completed I treat the
doughy mass with a quantity of boiling water, and filter it. By cooling. the
filtered liquor some alizarine settles, and there remains in the filter a large
amount of alizarine, which can be dissolved in caustic carbonated alkalies, &
again precipitated by an acid. All the sediment or deposits thus formed are
placed together, and then sublimated or crystallized in alcohol. In this
manner I obtain alizarine quite pure. Not only will pewter produce alizarine
by its action on binitro-naphthalina dissolved in concentrated sulphuric acid,.
but also all the chemical bodies, simple or compound,. capable of decomposing.
sulphuric acid at a high temperature, or reacting by way of reduction upon the
sulphuric solution of binitro-napthalina.
In order to form an idea of the many substances which can be used & will

page_text: prove as economical as pewter I may mention iron, zinc, mercury, copper,
sulphur, charcoal, and others. Concentrated sulphuric acid itself will react, in
the cold state, upon the elements of the binitro-napthalina, and produce
alizarine. The bisulphates of potash or soda yield similar results to those
obtained by concentrated sulphuric acid. A current of sulphurous acid passing
through a hot solution of binitro-napthalina into sulphuric acid will also
produce alizarine. The alkaline & alkaline-terreous sulphurets, the proto-
salts of pewter dissolved in caustic alkalies, & the cyanide of potassium will
equally reduce the binitro-napthalina.
By the word binitro-napthalina I mean a solid yellowish white product
obtained by causing napthaline to react upon monohydrated azotic acid, or
upon a mixture of azotic & sulphuric acids.
I claim, therefore, all the substances, and all the above or equivalent
reactions for producing alizarine by the reduction of the binitro-napthalina.
The alizarine thus obtained can be employed in the same manner as the
coloring matter. extracted from madder.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN DISENGAGING APPARATUSES POR BOATS
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Watson at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 1st Juno
1861.
I, GEORGE WATSON, of Commercial Road, in the County of Middlesex,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN DISENGAGING APPARATUSES POR BOATS," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in fitting in the bow and stern of boats a lever hook,
by which the boat is suspended from the ordinary tackle used for hoisting and
lowering boats; no additional tackle or ropes are required. I carry a bar or
rod along the floor of the boat, and affix at each end of the bar a collar with
a slot or portion cut away from the body of each collar. A pin connected
with the lever hook enters each collar both at bow and stern, and as long as
the pins are retained in the collars the hooks are closed, and the boat is con-
nected to the suspending tackles; but on turning the rod by means of a
handle connected to it for the purpose, so as to bring the open parts of the
collars upwards, the pins become released, and the hooks open simultaneously,
and the boat is disengaged both at bow and stern.
AN IMPROVED MODE OF MANUFACTURING GOLD DIALS
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Julian Faucherre at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 15th August
1861.
I, JULIAN FAUCHERRE, of Green Terrace, in the County of Middlesex,
Engraver, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED
MODE OF MANUFACTURING GOLD DIALS," to be as follows:-
The object of my Invention is to produce ornamental gold watch and clock
dials of pure metal and in a more economical manner than heretofore.
To this end I first produce an engraved plate of the dial intended to.be
reproduced, and from this, by means of the electrotype process, I prepare a
matrix of copper. In this matrix I deposit any desired thickness of gold
by the electrotype process, and the gold copy so obtained, I mount upon a
backing plate of brass fitted at its back with pins suitable for fixing the dial
to the watch or clock frame. The gold electrotype copy I secure to the
backing plate by means of solder, and in order to facilitate the process of
soldering the dial to the brass backing plate, I first submit the gold dial face
to ebullition in water, taking care to change the water frequently; and in order
to remove any cyanide of potassium which may still remain in excess, and
thoroughly to clear out the pores of the gold, I immerse the dial in fluoric
acid and afterwards wash it in boiling water. It is then ready to receive at
its back a deposit of copper which will facilitate the soldering of the brass plate
thereto. When the soldering has been effected I cover the backing plate

page_text: with a protecting coat of wax, and then immerse the whole in a bath of dilute
nitric acid by the action of which the copper matrix will be removed from the
face of the gold dial plate. The dial may now be cleaned, cut and finished in
the ordinary manner.
AN IMPROVE- MENT IN BRACES
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederick John Jones at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 19th April 1861.
I, FREDERICK JOHN JONES, of Aldermanbury, in the City of London, Ware-
houseman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVE-
MENT IN BRACES," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists of an improved means of securing the tab carrier to
the strap attached to the front end of the brace or to the piece of leather
in which the front end of the brace is made to terminate. This strap
or piece of leather is made with longitudinal slots or apertures one over
the other; by shifting the tab carrier into one or other of these slots the length
of the brace is regulated. I form the tab carrier in metal, with a broad spear
or spade-like head. The breadth at the bottom of the head is greater than the
width of the slot in the strap. From the head the tab carrier is narrowed, so
as to occupy the breadth of the slot, and it is also bent upwards for a distance
equal to about the thickness of the strap, when it is again bent down into a
plane, parallel or nearly so with that of the spear head. The tab carrier may
then be extended in any form or size for having the tabs fixed to it. To fix
the tab carrier in the strap or leather end of the brace, place the carrier with
the spear head parallel with the sides of one or other of the slots in the strap
or leather end, insert the spear head, give the tab carrier a partial turn, when
the bent part will rest upon the bottom of the slot, and the front of the spear
head will bear against the back of the strap and prevent the tab carrier from
becoming detached until the head is designedly turned parallel with the sides
of the slot, when it may be readily removed.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANU- FACTURE OF LACE
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Nicolas Alphonse Burnier at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 26th
December 1861.
I, NICOLAS ALPHONSE BURNIER, of Lyons, in the Empire of France, do
hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANU-
FACTURE OF LACE," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in the production of a certain description of lace,
which I call bandanah lace. This lace is manufactured upon ordinary lace
looms, the peculiarity of it being that it is almost entirely, if not entirely,
composed of spun silk of such description as will best receive colors, the
brightness of which almost assimilate this material to ordinary silk. The
description of spun silk best adapted is that spun from long ends, and with a
very few throws. I work the spun silk in the gum or, at least, in the white
undyed state, thereby facilitating the working in the lace frames, and tho
fabric is afterwards subjected to the process of boiling off; being then in the
same state as a common bandanah cloth, it is printed in various colors, or
dyed in one general color and other colors printed upon it. The advantage
of this cloth over common bandanah cloth is that the latter is an even
opaque fabric, whilst the bandanah lace is transparent, that it may at
pleasure, if made upon a proper figured loom, present the lightness of a lace
and the solidity of a thick cloth, so that by combining the various effects of
tyes practicable upon figured looms, the fabric may, even before being printed,
present an outline of the design it is intended to receive. Heavy masses

page_text: may be prepared where the heavy parts of the pattern are to come, forming
a sort of bed for those parts, whilst light transparent tyes may be introduced
in the ground according to the fancy of the designer.
Bandanah lace may be produced upon any sort of warp or bobbin lace
frames, but it would be of very little advantage to print upon light plain
fabrics; the best results are obtained upon such machines as are furnished
with jacquard engines, in which every thread is free in its action, and furnishes
an independant quantity for the formation of the fabric. These conditions
are best found in the machines commonly called curtain machines, or any of
a similar kind.
The bandanah lace is applicable for shawls, scarfs, handkerchiefs, ties, and
other purposes.
I claim the assimilation of the fabric made upon lace looms to that made
on bandanah weaving looms as regards the peculiar nature of the spun silk,
by which brightness and cheapness is obtained, as regards the processes of
using this spun silk, and giving it its permanent color by means of printing
upon a white or colored ground.
AN IMPROVED SAFETY BUFFER OR APPARATUS TO BE USED IN RAILWAY TRAINS TO PREVENT ACCIDENTS FROM COLLISIONS
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Archibald Brooman at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
29th November 1861.-A communication from abroad by Richard
Dover Chatterton, of Cobourg, Canada West.
I, RICHARD ARCHIBALD BROOMAN, of 166, Fleet Street, in the City of
London, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "AN IMPROVED SAFETY BUFFER OR APPARATUS TO BE USED IN RAILWAY TRAINS
TO PREVENT ACCIDENTS FROM COLLISIONS," (communicated to me from abroad
by Richard Dover Chatterton, of Cobourg, Canada West,) to be as
follows:-
This Invention consists of one or more air-tight cylinders, fitted as hereafter
described, mounted upon a truck or carriage, to form a compressed air buffer.
It is proposed that two trucks carrying the buffers should form part of every
train, one in front and the other at the rear of the ordinary carriages, but
more or less than two such trucks may be used. The cylinders are fitted with
two pistons, the rods or trunks of which extend beyond the cylinders at
each end, and carry buffer heads, and with one or more safety valves to
prevent explosion, and also to allow of the escape of compressed air after a
given pressure has been attained in order to prevent the rebound or forcing
back of the pistons, or either of them. Sometimes I fix a rail or rails on the
bottom of the cylinders on which the pistons are supported on grooved wheels
or pulleys, and I provide friction rollers for the piston rods to run on.