IMPROVE- MENTS IN GAS MOTOR ENGINES
Year: 1885

page_text: I, ORLANDO THOMAS NEWTON, of 21 Walmsley Street, Egremont, in the County
of Chester, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of my invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN GAS MOTOR ENGINES," and in what manner the same is to be performed,
to be particularly described and ascertained in and by. the following statement:-
This invention consists in an arrangement and construction of Gas Motor Engine
having a quick rate of explosive velocity-with facilities for clearing the products
of combustion from the combustion chamber and working cylinder so that it
becomes practicable to have an explosion for every revolution of the crank shaft.
In performing my invention I arrange a division between the working cylinder
and the combustion chamber and in which division I provide a port communicating
between the two and fitted with a suitable valve. This combustion chamber
having three valves, one as hereinbefore, described one communicating with an.
ejector and the other with a compressing pump and all actuated by cams on a
single cam shaft. The igniting and exhaust valves communicate only with the
working cylinder. The combustion chamber and the working and compressing
cylinders being all in a line upon the same bed-plate.
On the accompanying drawing Fig. is a side sectional view and Fig. 2 a
sectional plan of my improved gas motor engine. Fig. 3 is a cross section of Fig. 1
through the line a-b, Fig. 4 is a cross section of Fig. 1 through the line c-d,
Fig. 5 is a cross section of Fig. 2 through the line e-f Fig. 6 is a cross section of
Fig. 2 through the line g-h, Fig. 7 is an end view and Fig. 8 a side view both
partially in section and upon an enlarged scale of the improved ignition valve and
Fig. 9 is a sectional plan of the same shewing also a part of the combustion
chamber and working cylinder.
In all the views A is the main or working cylinder (shewn broken off) surrounded
by the ordinary water jacket A¹ and furnished at the front end with an enlarged
cylindrical or annular-space B which acts as the compressing, pump as hereinafter
described. In the cylinder the double piston C reciprocates being connected in the
ordinary manner by means of a connecting rod C₁ to the crank C2 upon the driving
shaft C³ this piston is provided at its smaller or rear extremity which reciprocates
in the working cylinder A with a projection C which is designed to enter the
corresponding explosion orifice A³ formed in the end of the cylinder and thus
ensure such cylinder being entirely emptied of its contents at every stroke of its
piston.
°
D is the exhaust valve and D¹ a bell crank lever one arm of which enters a slot
formed in the valve as illustrated more clearly in Fig. 4 and the other arm being
furnished at its extremity with a bowl D' against which the tappet cam D³ upon

page_text: the shaft G' comes in contact and so operates such exhaust valve. The casing of
this exhaust valve communicates with the working cylinder through the port D
and opens at its lower extremity into the ejector nozzle E-surrounding this nozzle
is a cone E¹ which leads into the outer atmosphere through the pipe E2 but also
communicating through the passage E³ with the combustion chamber G through
the port E. The combustion chamber G is separated from the working cylinder by
the division A³ in which is formed the explosion orifice A³. This latter is fitted
with a valve F affixed at the front extremity of a spindle F¹ which passes through a
sleeve to the outside where it is slotted to receive the upper extremity of an arm F
affixed upon a rocking spindle F³-this rocking spindle receives its motion to move
the valve F to and from its seat from a tappet cam F' keyed upon the cam shaft G¹
and acting alternately upon a pair of bowls mounted upon a pair of arms F³
projecting from the other extremity of the same rocking spindle and one of which
arms is seen in Fig. 2. This same combustion chamber is fitted with two other
valves H and I. Valve H being a relieving valve and actuated (as seen more
clearly in Fig. 3) by the arm H¹ upon one extremity of the spindle H³ entering a
slot as illustrated in the spindle of the said valve-whilst the other extremity of
the said spindle extends through to the outside and is there provided with another
arm H³ having a friction bowl at its extremity. This arm in its turn receiving
motion from the double tappet cam H' upon the same cam shaft G. The function
of this relieving valve H is to open a communication through the pipe E³ with the
ejector E hereinafter described. The other valve I in the same combustion
chamber G is provided to open and close a communication through the port I'
with the compression pump B through the pipe H' and thus to admit the com-
pressed charge of gas and air as required-this compressed mixture having also to
pass through the valve K. These two valves I and K are arranged to open and
close simultaneously and to receive their motion from the cam shaft G¹. The
double tappet cam 12 operating the valve I through the intervention of the lever I³
connecting rod 1 and pair of arms I mounted upon the spindle as seen more
clearly in Fig. 5 and the double tappet cam K¹ operating the other valve K. (by
similar mechanism to valve I) as seen more clearly in Fig. 6.
The action of this improved gas motor engine may be described as follows:-
By the outward stroke of the piston C and by means of the compressing
pump B gas and air are taken in through gas and air valve J (see Fig. 2)
The return stroke of the piston now compressing the gas mixture up to about
one half of its stroke when the back pressure valves K and I are timed to
open by their respective actuating cams K' and I' and so to remain open
till the end of the stroke. The gas mixture then becomes compressed through
port 16 through valve K along pipe H³ through valve I through port I¹ into
combustion chamber G The piston C now having reached the end of its
inward stroke the back pressure valves K and I close and so seal the explosive
mixture in the combustion chamber G and immediately the crank has turned its
centre valve F opens allowing the explosive mixture to enter into the working
cylinder where it meets the igniting flame at the piston end forming a quicker rate
of explosive velocity and a more gradual developement of power as the piston
advances towards the end of its outward stroke. At the same time the compressing
piston draws a fresh explosive charge of gas and air. At the end of the stroke the
exhaust valve D in the working cylinder and the relieving valve H in the coin-
bustion chamber open simultaneously with the valve F closing in the combustion
chamber so allowing the products of combustion to escape through side port D*
into the ejector nozzle E and thence through the cone E¹ and exhaust pipe E2 into
the atmosphere. As the piston C proceeds on its inward stroke the products of
combustion are forced out through the same ejector E in front of the advancing
piston and the result is that a partial vacuum is set up in the combustion
chamber G. which is at this instant in communication with the ejector cone E¹ and
thus not only the products of combustion are withdrawn from but any ignited
material remaining in the said compartment is instantly extinguished. The

page_text: relieving valve H closing as the piston C approaches the half of its inward stroke
and the two back pressure valves I aud K opening to allow a fresh charge of the
compressed gaseous mixture to enter the combustion chamber the piston mean-
while going forward to the inward end of its stroke and still further driving all
products of combustion before it and expelling the same from the working cylinder
through the ejector E. This cycle of operations being repeated at every revolution
of the crank and thus obtaining an explosion for every such revolution.
It now only remains to describe the construction and arrangement of the ignition
valve being the same as that described in the specification of Letters Patent
No 7929 granted to me on the 30th day of June 1885 which however forms no
part of the present application-This consists essentially of an ejector nozzle a
fitted with an adjustable tapered or conical pin b brought to a fine point as illus-
trated more clearly in Figs. 8 and 9. The ejector nozzle at its larger end is
provided with a chamber c which communicates through a small branch pipe c¹
(which contains a back pressure valve) with the pipe H³ and its smaller end
terminating in a she cone e formed in the body of the valve and provided with a
small orifice leading into the passage g which in its turn opens into the working
cylinder through the side passage g¹. The she cone e is in constant communication
with a supply of pure gas supplied through the tap h and small passage h¹.
Mounted in a suitable recess and beneath the injector just described is a
cylindrical casing i which is capable of an oscillating motion to and fro communi-
cated by its spindle j being connected by a crank j¹ to one arm of a bell-crank
lever the other arm of which is provided with a friction bowl working in the
cam groove m keyed upon and working with the cam shaft. This oscillating
casing is provided with a segmental slot n and with a port o the former to allow
the gas-burner p (supplied with gas through the tap p¹) to be fixed in position and
to open and close a communication with the port leading to the gas flame
(supplied by the gas tap s) and the port t (as such casing reciprocates) opening a
communication alternately with the chimney u and with the vertical passage v
leading up into the passage g and so permitting the flame of the burner p to pass
upwards as seen in Fig. 8 to ignite the jet of compressed gas issuing from the
orifice f.
When the gas taps p and s are turned on and the burner s¹ is lighted its flame
points through port and segmental slot n into the interior of the cylindrical
casing i and so lights the burner p. The flame of this latter then passes through
port (as seen in Fig. 7) into the chimney u. The two flames thus remain ignited
until the cylindrical casing i is actuated by the cam groove m and turned into the
position indicated in Fig. 8 thus closing off the communication with the chimney u
and with the burner 8¹ but opening a communication with the vertical passage vin
which the flame rises and so meets the enriched explosive mixture issuing from the
orifice of the injector and ignites the same. The flame thus produced proceeds
along passage g and so ignites the explosive mixture as it enters the working
cylinder. When the oscillating casing i turns in the reverse direction the burner p
is once more brought into contact with the flame of burner s¹ and is so kept
ignited.
The compressed gaseous mixture in the pipe c' and chamber e serves as the
injecting power for forming a partial vacuum in the cone e and so of forcing a
supply of gaseous mixture (enriched by meeting with the pure gas as aforesaid)
into the working cylinder A and which enriched jet becomes ignited as aforesaid
and thus a constant flame is produced which burns independently of the compressed
gas in the combustion chamber.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention for "Improvements in Gas Motor Engines" and in what manner the
same is to be performed, I declare that what I claim is
1st The improved construction and arrangement of a division between the
combustion chamber and the working cylinder such division being fitted with a

page_text: movable valve mounted and operating as described for separating the combustion
chamber intermittently from the working cylinder while the products of combustion
are cleared from the said combustion chamber after an explosion has taken place
and it receives a charge of compressed gaseous mixture or air from the compressing.
pump independently of the working cylinder and capable of being exploded at
every half revolution of the crank substantially as herein before described and
illustrated on the accompanying drawing.
2nd The application to the working cylinder and to the combustion chamber as
aforesaid of an ejector in conjunction with the exhaust and relief valves substantially
as and for the purposes herein before described and illustrated on the accompanying
drawing.
3rd The combination of the back pressure valves I and K connected together by
the junction pipe H³ forming a communication between the compression pump and
the combustion chamber substantially as herein before described and illustrated on
the accompanying drawing.
4th The general construction and arrangement of gas motor engine substantially
as herein before described and illustrated on the accompanying drawing.
Dated this 13th day of July 1885.
JOHN G. WILSON,
Agent for the Applicant.

page_text: COMPLETE
SPECIFICATION.
I, ORLANDO THOMAS NEWTON, of 21 Walmsley Street, Egremont, in the County
of Chester, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of my invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN GAS MOTOR ENGINES," and in what manner the same is to be performed,
to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement :—
This invention consists in an arrangement and construction of Gas Motor Engine
having a quick rate of explosive velocity-with facilities for clearing the products
of combustion from the combustion chamber and working cylinder so that it
becomes practicable to have an explosion for every revolution of the crank shaft.
In performing my invention I arrange a division between the working cylinder
and the combustion chamber and in which division I provide a port communicating
between the two and fitted with a suitable valve. This combustion chamber
having three valves, one as hereinbefore described one communicating with an
ejector and the other with a compressing pump and all actuated by cams on a
single cam shaft. The igniting and exhaust valves communicate only with the
working cylinder. The combustion chamber and the working and compressing
cylinders being all in a line upon the same bed-plate.
On the accompanying drawing Fig. 1 is a side sectional view and Fig. 2 &
sectional plan of my improved gas motor engine. Fig. 3 is a cross section of Fig. 1.
through the line a-b, Fig. 4 is a cross section of Fig. 1 through the line c-d,
Fig. 5 is a cross section of Fig. 2 through the line e-f Fig. 6 is a cross section of
Fig. 2 through the line g-h, Fig. 7 is an end view and Fig. 8 a side view both
partially in section and upon an enlarged scale of the improved ignition valve and
Fig. 9 is a sectional plan of the same shewing also a part of the combustion
chamber and working cylinder.
In all the views A is the main or working cylinder (shewn broken off) surrounded'
by the ordinary water jacket A1 and furnished at the front end with an enlarged
cylindrical or annular-space B which acts as the compressing pump as hereinafter
described. In the cylinder the double piston C reciprocates being connected in the
ordinary manner by means of a connecting rod C' to the crank C³ upon the driving
shaft C³ this piston is provided at its smaller or rear extremity which reciprocates
in the working cylinder A with a projection C4 which is designed to enter the
corresponding explosion orifice A³ formed in the end of the cylinder and thus
ensure such cylinder being entirely emptied of its contents at every stroke of its
piston.
D is the exhaust valve and D¹ a bell crank lever one arm of which enters a slot
formed in the valve as illustrated more clearly in Fig. 4 and the other arm being
furnished at its extremity with a bowl D³ against which the tappet cam D³ upon

page_text: the shaft G¹ comes in contact and so operates such exhaust valve. The casing of
this exhaust valve communicates with the working cylinder through the port D
and opens at its lower extremity into the ejector nozzle E-surrounding this nozzle
is a cone E which leads into the outer atmosphere through the pipe E² but also
communicating through the passage E3 with the combustion chamber G through
the port E. The combustion chamber G is separated from the working cylinder by
the division A in which is formed the explosion orifice A%. This latter is fitted
with a valve F affixed at the front extremity of a spindle F' which passes through a
sleeve to the outside where it is slotted to receive the upper extremity of an arm F2
affixed upon a rocking spindle F³-this rocking spindle receives its motion to move
the valve F to and from its seat from a tappet cam F4 keyed upon the cam shaft G¹
and acting alternately upon a pair of bowls mounted upon a pair of arms F³
projecting from the other extremity of the same rocking spindle and one of which
arms is seen in Fig. 2. This same combustion chamber is fitted with two other
valves Hand I. Valve H being a relieving valve and actuated (as seen more
clearly in Fig. 3) by the arm H¹ upon one extremity of the spindle H² entering a
slot as illustrated in the spindle of the said valve-whilst the other extremity of
the said spindle extends through to the outside and is there provided with another
arm H³ having a friction bowl at its extremity. This arm in its turn receiving
motion from the double tappet cam Hupon the same cam shaft G¹. The function
of this relieving valve H is to open a communication through the pipo E³ with the
ejector E hereinafter described. The other valve I in the same combustion
chamber G is provided to open and close a communication through the port Iº
with the compression pump B through the pipe H and thus to admit the com-
pressed charge of gas and air as required-this compressed mixture having also to
pass through the valve K. These two valves I and K are arranged to open and
close simultaneously and to receive their motion from the cam shaft G¹. The
double tappet cam 12 operating the valve I through the intervention of the lever I³
connecting rod I' and pair of arms 15 mounted upon the spindle as seen more
clearly in Fig. 5 and the double tappet cam K₁ operating the other valve K (by
similar mechanism to valve I) as seen more clearly in Fig. 6.
The action of this improved gas motor engine may be described as follows:-
By the outward stroke of the piston C and by means of the compressing
pump B gas and air are taken in through gas and air valve J (see Fig. 2)
The return stroke of the piston now compressing the gas mixture up to about
one half of its stroke when the back pressure valves K and I are timed to
open by their respective actuating cams K' and I and so to remain open
till the end of the stroke. The gas mixture then becomes compressed through
port 1 through valve K along pipe H³ through valve I through port I¹ into
combustion chamber G The piston C now having reached the end of its
inward stroke the back pressure valves K and I close and so seal the explosive
mixture in the combustion chamber G and immediately the crank has turned its
centre valve F opens allowing the explosive mixture to enter into the working
cylinder where it meets the igniting flame at the piston end forming a quicker rate
of explosive velocity and a more gradual developement of power as the piston
advances towards the end of its outward stroke. At the same time the compressing
piston draws a fresh explosive charge of gas and air. At the end of the stroke the
exhaust valve D in the working cylinder and the relieving valve H in the com-
bustion chamber open simultaneously with the valve F closing in the combustion
chamber so allowing the products of combustion to escape through side port D*
into the ejector nozzle E and thence through the cone E¹ and exhaust pipe E² into
the atmosphere. As the piston C proceeds on its inward stroke the products of
combustion are forced out through the same ejector E in front of the advancing
piston and the result is that a partial vacuum is set up in the combustion
chamber G which is at this instant in communication with the ejector cone E¹ and
thus not only the products of combustion are withdrawn from but any ignited
material remaining in the said compartment is instantly extinguished. The

page_text: relieving valve H closing as the piston C approaches the half of its inward stroke
and the two back pressure valves I and K opening to allow a fresh charge of the
compressed gaseous mixture to enter the combustion chamber the piston mean-
while going forward to the inward end of its stroke and still further driving all
products of combustion before it and expelling the same from the working cylinder
through the ejector E. This cycle of operations being repeated at every revolution
of the crank and thus obtaining an explosion for every such revolution.
It now only remains to describe the construction and arrangement of the ignition
valve-being the same as that described in the specification of Letters Patent
No 7929 granted to me on the 30th day of June 1885 which however forms no
part of the present application-This consists essentially of an ejector nozzle a
fitted with an adjustable tapered or conical pin b brought to a fine point as illus-
trated more clearly in Figs. 8 and 9. The ejector nozzle at its larger end is
provided with a chamber c which communicates through a small branch pipe c!
(which contains a back pressure valve) with the pipe H and its smaller end
terminating in a she cone e formed in the body of the valve and provided with a
small orifice fleading into the passage 9 which in its turn opens into the working.
cylinder through the side passage g¹. The she cone e is in constant communication
with a supply of pure gas supplied through the tap h and small passage:h¹.
Mounted in a suitable recess and beneath the injector just described is a
cylindrical casing i which is capable of an oscillating motion to and fro communi-
cated by its spindle j being connected by a crank ¹ to one arm of a bell-crank
lever the other arm of which is provided with a friction bowl working in the
cam groove m keyed upon and working with the cam shaft. This oscillating
casing is provided with a segmental slot n and with a port o the former to allow
the gas-burner p (supplied with gas through the tap p¹) to be fixed in position and
to open and close a communication with the port leading to the gas flame
(supplied by the gas tap s) and the port t (as such casing reciprocates) opening a
communication alternately with the chimney u and with the vertical passage v
leading up into the passage g and so permitting the flame of the burner P to pass
upwards as seen in Fig. 8 to ignite the jet of compressed gas issuing from the
orifice f.
When the gas taps p and 8 are turned on and the burner g¹ is lighted its flame
points through port and segmental slot n into the interior of the cylindrical
casing and so lights the burner p. The flame of this latter then passes through
port t (as seen in Fig. 7) into the chimney u. The two flames thus remain ignited
until the cylindrical casing i is actuated by the cam groove m and turned into the
position indicated in Fig. 8 thus closing off the communication with the chimney u
and with the burner s¹ but opening a communication with the vertical passage vin
which the flame rises and so meets the enriched explosive mixture issuing from the
orifice of the injector and ignites the same. The flame thus produced proceeds
along passage g and so ignites the explosive mixture as it enters the working
cylinder. When the oscillating casing i turns in the reverse direction the burner p
is once more brought into contact with the flame of burner 8 and is so kept
ignited.
The compressed gaseous mixture in the pipe c' and chamber c serves as the
injecting power for forming a partial vacuum in the cone e and so of forcing a
supply of gaseous mixture (enriched by meeting with the pure gas as aforesaid)
into the working cylinder A and which enriched jet becomes ignited as aforesaid
and thus a constant flame is produced which burns independently of the compressed
gas in the combustion chamber.
°
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention for. "Improvements in Gas Motor Engines" and in what manner the
same is to be performed, I declare that what I claim is
1st The improved construction and arrangement of a division between the
combustion chamber and the working cylinder such division being fitted with a

page_text: movable valve mounted and operating as described for separating the combustion
chamber intermittently from the working cylinder while the products of combustion
are cleared from the said combustion chamber after an explosion has taken place
and it receives a charge of compressed gaseous mixture or air from the compressing
pump independently of the working cylinder and capable of being exploded at
every half revolution of the crank substantially as herein before described and
illustrated on the accompanying drawing.
2nd The application to the working cylinder and to the combustion chamber as
aforesaid of an ejector in conjunction with the exhaust and relief valves substantially
as and for the purposes herein before described and illustrated on the accompanying
drawing.
'
3rd The combination of the back pressure valves I and K connected together by
the junction pipe H³ forming a communication between the compression pump and
the combustion chamber substantially as herein before described and illustrated on
the accompanying drawing.
4th The general construction and arrangement of gas motor engine substantially
as herein before described and illustrated on the accompanying drawing.