IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OB APPARATUS FOR CRUSHING OR REDUCING SUBSTANCES.
Year: 1862

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James House, of Market Lavington, in the County
of Wilts, Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY
OB APPARATUS FOR CRUSHING OR REDUCING SUBSTANCES.'
Sealed the 7th November 1862, and dated the 10th May 1862.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James House at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
10th May 1862.
I, JAMES HOUSE, of Market Lavington, in the County of Wilts, Engineer,.
do bereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR CRUSHING OR REDUCING SUBSTANCES," to-be as
follows:-
This Invention relates to a peculiar construction and arrangement of
machinery or apparatus for crushing or reducing and working various sub-
stances, such as guano, grain, oil cake, clay, mortar, and cements. Accord-
ing to this Invention it is proposed to employ a pair of peculiarly con-
structed rollers, driven either at the same or different speeds in relation to
each other by any suitable arrangement of gearing: These rollers may be
either made in one or more parts, and composed of steel or chilled cast iron.
In place of being cylindrical they are formed on their surfaces with a number
of alternate V grooves and projections, the projections of one roller working
into the grooves of the opposite roller. These grooves and projections may be

page_text: smooth on their outer surfaces, or they may have a series of teeth or notches
formed on then with a view to the more effective reduction or disintegration
of the substance under treatment. When these rollers are made in several
parts, each part will cansist of a disc, having its periphery bevilled on each
side, so as to present a A or knife edge. By placing a number of these discs
upon a square shaft, a roller of the description herein-before referred to will be
obtained, each disc, being formed with a series of teeth or notches on its
bevilled edge, or made smooth as before described. In some cases it is pro-
posed to use in combination with these rollers a feeding roller, provided
with a number of projecting pins or cups, as the case may be, such roller
working at the bottom of a feeding hopper, and tending to feed the substance
in a regular manner to the rollers, the feed roller being driven by suitable
gearing from the reducing rollers. It is also proposed to use when requisite a
vibrating screen or sieve in combination with the above-described mechanism,
for the purpose of cleaning or sifting the substance as it leaves the rollers. In
order to keep the rollers clean and prevent them from becoming clogged, as in
some cases they might be liable to do, I apply a "doctor" or scraper to one
or both rollers.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said James House in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 10th
November 1862.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JAMES
HOUSE, of Market Lavington, in the County of Wilts, Engineer, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Tenth day of May, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-two, in the twenty-fifth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto, me; the
said James House, Her special licence that I, the said James House,, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said James
House, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during
the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland; the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR
APPARATUS FOR CRUSHING OR REDUCING SUBSTANCES," upon the condition (amongst

page_text: .
others) that I, the said James House, my executors or administrators, by an
instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals,
should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention,
and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be
filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said James House, do hereby declare the
nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed,
to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following state-
ment, reference being had to the accompanying Drawings, and to the letters
and figures marked thereon, that is to say:-
My said Invention relates to a peculiar construction and arrangement of
machinery or apparatus for crushing or reducing and working various sub-
stances, such as guano, grain, oil cake, clay, mortar, and cements. According
to this Invention it is proposed to employ a pair of peculiarly constructed
rollers, driven either at the same or different speeds in relation to each other
by any suitable arrangement of gearing. These rollers may be either made in
one or more parts, and composed of steel or chilled cast iron. In place of
being cylindrical they are formed on their surfaces with a number of alternato
V grooves and projections, the projections of one roller working into the
grooves of the opposite roller. These grooves and projections may be smooth
or their outer surfaces, or they may have a series of teeth or notches formed
on them with a view to the more effective reduction or disintegration of the
substance under treatment. When these rollers are made in several parts,
each part will consist of a disc, having its periphery bevelled on each side, so
as to prevent a A or knife edge. By placing a number of these discs upon a
square shaft, a roller of the description herein-before referred to will be
obtained, each disc being formed with a series of teeth or notches on its
bevilled edge, or made smooth as before described. In some cases it is pro-
posed to use in combination with these rollers a feeding roller, provided with a
number of projecting pins or cups, as the case may be, such roller working at
the bottom of a feeding hopper, and tending to feed the substance in a regular
manner to the rollers, the feed rollers being driven by suitable gearing from
the reducing rollers. It is also proposed to use when requisite a vibrating
screen or sieve in combination with the above-described mechanism, for the
purpose of cleaning or sifting the substance as it leaves the rollers.
In order
to keep the rollers clean and prevent them from becoming clogged, as in some
cases they might be liable to do, I apply a "doctor" or scraper to one or both
rollers.

page_text: And in order that my said Invention may be fully understood, I shall now
proceed more particularly to describe the same, and for that purpose I shall
refer to the several Figures on the Sheet of Drawings hereunto annexed, the
sanie letters of reference indicating corresponding parts in both Figures.
Figure 1 of the Drawings represents a side elevation of my improved
machine, with a portion of the side partly broken away to shew the internal
arrangement; and Figure 2 is a detailed plan of the peculiar rollers and the
"doctors" in connection therewith.
A is the main framing of the machine, to which are applied the two side
pieces B, B, one of which is partly broken away as above described; C, C,
are the two rollers, having annular V grooves c, c, made therein, and provided
or not with teeth or serrations as required upon the surfaces of the grooves;
D, D, are "doctor" plates secured to the framing, and so shaped as to cor-
respond to the peculiar form of the rollers; the main driving shaft E may or
may not form the axis of one of the rollers; it is provided with a fly wheel F,
and actuating handle or driving pulley, and carries a spur pinion or small
spur wheel G (shewn by a red circle), gearing into a large spur wheel H, fast
on the axis I of the second roller; this wheel gears also into a pinion or small
spur wheel K, fast on the axis of the feed roller L, which is provided with
spikes or cups on its surface as herein-before described. On the opposite end
of the main driving shaft E there is 'keyed a grooved pulley M, which transmits
motion by means of a band N to the small pulley O; this pulley carries an
eccentric pin o, which imparts a longitudinal vibrating motion to the connecting
rod P, jointed at its opposite end to the rocking lever on the transverse
rocking shaft R; to the middle of this shaft is keyed a second rocking lever S,
projecting both above and below the same, the upper end being coupled by
means of a link T, with a vibrating feeding spout U, whilst the lower end is
connected by the link V with the top of the inclined vibrating riddle or sieve
W, the lower end of which is suspended by the links X from the side pieces
B, B, of the machine; the material or substance to be operated upon is fed in
from the vibrating spout U (if the spiked feeding roller is not required), or
'from the stationary feeding hopper Y if the action of the feeding roller be
found requisite, and is thence carried (if fed from the latter hopper) by means
of the feeding roller L to the crushing rollers C, C', one of which in some cases
may revolve faster than the other, so as to give a draw-crushing action, and
finally drops on to the vibrating sieve or riddle W, should a screening action
be found to be desirable.
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of my said
Invention, and the manner in which the same is or may be used or carried

page_text: ato effect, I would observe in conclusion, that what I consider to be novel and
riginal, and therefore claim as the Invention secured to me by the herein-
efore in part recited Letters Patent, is,-
1st, the general construction, arrangement, and combination of machinery,
r apparatus for crushing or reducing substances as herein-before described.
2nd, the peculiar formation of crushing rollers as herein-before described.
In witness whereof, I, the said James House, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, the Eighth day of November, One thousand eight
hundred and sixty-two.
JAMES HOUSE. L.S.)