IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR TWISTING AND DOUBLING SILK AND OTHER FIBRE
Year: 1876

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Hall, of Leek, in the County of Stafford, for the
Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR TWISTING AND DOUBLING
SILK AND OTHER FIBRE."
Sealed the 19th April 1876, and dated the 12th February 1876.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Hall at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 12th February 1876.
WILLIAM HALL, of Leek, in the County of Stafford.
MACHINERY FOR TWISTING AND DOUBLING SILK AND OTHER FIBRE."
"IMPROVEMENTS IN
This Invention has for its object improvements in machinery for twisting and
doubling silk and other fibre.
The machine consists of a frame containing a number of sets of spindles, say 10
or more sets, and in each set there are usually four spindles; three of them carry
delivering bobbins, and the fourth carries a receiving bobbin. This is the com-
plement to produce a three-ply cord.
The spindles of the receiving bobbins are driven each by a band passing round &
pulley upon it and around a drum upon a horizontal driving shaft running from
end to end of the machine. The spindle of the receiving bobbin has also another
pulley upon it to receive a band which also passes over pulleys upon the spindles
which carry the delivering bobbins.
The delivering bobbins are free to turn upon their spindles, but the receiving
bobbin is on a tube surrounding its spindle. Both the spindle and tube have spur
wheels upon them, and these gear with two other spur wheels fixed on the same
axis, and the wheels are so proportioned that the bobbin tube revolves at a different
speed from the spindle; this difference of speed causes the cord as it is produced to
be wound upon the receiving bobbin. The wheels can be changed to vary the
speed as may be required, and thereby give the exact turn wanted to each.
The fibres to be twisted and doubled are drawn from the delivering bobbins
through the eyes of fliers fixed upon the spindles which carry these bobbins, and
being thrown or twisted by the rotation of these spindles the fibres are conducted
between two moistened surfaces of felt or such like material, which absorb water
from a receptacle and are pressed together by a weight (and thereby are made wet
before being doubled together) to make a reverse cord. The fibres are led in a long
stretch over pulleys and then down to the spindle of the receiving bobbin, the
Duins G21

page_text: rotation of which forms the fibres into a cord, the long stretch over pulleys being
provided to allow the twist to equalise more effectually than it otherwise could.
The spindle of the receiving bobbin carries a flier, through the eyes of which the
cord is led on to the bobbin. To distribute the cord evenly on the bobbin the
bobbin is moved up and down upon the tube around the spindle by means of a
copping rail; a groove within the bobbin engaging with a pin on the tube causes
the bobbin and tube to revolve together. The fibres from the delivering bobbins
are led through eyes upon levers or detectors which drop when the fibre breaks,
and in so doing it throws off the band from the driving pulley upon the spindle of
the receiving bobbin and so stops the set of spindles but without interfering with
the other sets in the machine.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said William Hall in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 11th August
1870.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN
WILLIAM HALL, of Leek, in the County of Stafford.
MACHINERY FOR TWISTING AND DOUBLING SILK AND OTHER FIBRE."
This Invention has for its object improvements in machinery for twisting and
doubling silk and other fibre.
The machine consists of a frame containing a number of sets of spindles, say 10
or more sets, and in each set there are usually four spindles, three of them carry
delivering bobbins and the fourth carries a receiving bobbin. This is the com-
plement to produce a three-ply cord.
The spindles of the receiving bobbins are driven each by a band passing round a
pulley upon it, and around a drum upon a horizontal driving shaft running from
end to end of the machine. The spindle of the receiving bobbin has also another
pulley upon it to receive a band which also passes over pulleys upon the spindles
which carry the delivering bobbins.
The delivering bobbins are free to turn upon their spindles, but the receiving
bobbin is on a tube surrounding its spindle. Both the spindle and tube have
spur wheels upon them, and these gear with two other spur wheels fixed on the
same axis, and the wheels are so proportioned that the bobbin tube revolves at a
different speed from the spindle. This difference of speed causes the cord as it is
produced to be wound upon the receiving bobbin. The wheels can be changed to
vary the speed as may be required and thereby give the exact number of turns
wanted to each inch.
The fibres to be twisted and doubled are drawn from the delivering bobbins
through the eyes of fliers fixed upon the spindles which carry these bobbins, and
being thrown or twisted by the rotation of these spindles the fibres are then con-
ducted between two moistened surfaces of felt or such like material, which absorb
water from a receptacle and are pressed together by a weight or spring and thereby
are made wet before being doubled together to make a reverse cord. The fibres are
led in a long stretch over pulleys and then down to the spindle of the receiving
bobbin, the rotation of which forms the fibres into a cord, the long stretch over
pulleys being provided to allow the twist to equalize more effectually than it other-
wise could.
The spindle of the receiving bobbin carries a flier, through the eyes of which the
cord is led on to the bobbin. To distribute the cord evenly on the bobbin the
bobbin is moved up and down upon the tube around the spindle by means of a
copping rail; a groove within the bobbin engaging with a feather on the tube
causes the bobbin and tube to revolve together. The fibres from the delivering
bobbins are led through eyes upon levers or detectors which drop when the fibre
breaks and in so doing it throws off the band from the driving pulley upon the

page_text: spindle of the receiving bobbin and so stops the set of spindles but without
interfering with the other sets in the machine.
In order that my said Invention may be most fully understood and readily
carried into effect I will proceed to describe the Drawings hereunto annexed.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Figure 1 is a front elevation and Figure 2 is an end elevation, partly in section,
of a machine constructed according to my Invention.
a, a, is the frame of the machine; b, the main shaft; it has driving pulleys upon
it from which bands pass to smaller pulleys upon the spindles c of the receiving
bobbins d, and in this way these spindles are driven, or any one of the spindles c
can be stopped independently of the others by shifting the driving band from the
fast pulley to a loose pulley on the spindle by means of the lever e, of which there
is one to cach spindle c. Each spindle c also has upon it three other pulleys c¹ of
different sizes, and around one of these an endless band passes to pulleys on the
spindles ff of the three delivering bobbins, which are in this way driven all in the
same direction; g, g, are the delivering bobbins; they are mounted so as to be able
to turn freely on their spindles; the fibres drawn from the bobbins g are passed
through the eyes of the fliers h, and afterwards through the eyes of the detector
levers i, which levers in case of the fibre breaking fall, and striking the corre-
sponding lever e cause these levers to shift the driving band and so to stop all the
spindles of the set. After passing the detectors the fibres with the twist upon them,
which they have received from the rotation of the delivering spindles, pass over the
guide pulleys j, j, and so between the moistened pads of felt k, k; one of each pair
of pads is supplied with water by means of the pipe 7, the branches of which receive
the ends of the felt. The two pads of each pair are held together by weights or
otherwise; rings of vulcanized india-rubber serve very well for the purpose. The
moistened fibres are then led in a long stretch over guide pulleys m, m, and so
down to the eyes of the flier n on the head of the spindle c of the receiving bobbin ;
the rotation of this spindle gives to the fibres the reverse twist necessary to form
the cord, which is then wound upon the receiving bobbin d. The receiving bobbin
is mounted on a tube which can turn on its spindle c, and this tube has fixed upon
it a spur wheel o gearing with another spur wheel p mounted on an axis carried by
the frame a, and which axis also has upon it a wheel p¹ gearing with a wheel q on
the spindle c, the gearing can be changed at pleasure so as to give the receiving
bobbin d any speed of rotation desired in relation to the spindle c, and this governs
the number of twists per inch in the cord.
Having thus described the nature of my said Invention, and the manner of per-
forming the same, I would have it understood that I claim,-
The construction of machinery for twisting and doubling silk and other fibre,
substantially as described.
I also claim in combination with such machinery the application of moisture to
the fibres after they have received twist from the delivering spindles and then
leading the moistened fibres in a long stretch over guide pulleys to the receiving
bobbin, substantially as described.
In witness whereof I, the said William Hall, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this Ninth day of August, in the year of our Lord One thousand
night hundred and coventy-six
WILLIAM HALL. (L.S.)