IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR AND CONNECTED WITH THE MANUFACTURE OF LOZENGES
Year: 1881

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Rough and John Hurry, both of Dalkeith, in the
County of Mid Lothian, North Britain, for an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS
IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR AND CONNECTED WITH THE MANUFACTURE
OF LOZENGES."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Rough and John
Hurry at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 11th March
1881.
JOHN ROUGH and JOHN HURRY, both of Dalkeith, in the County of Mid-
Lothian, North Britain. "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR AND
CONNECTED WITH THE MANUFACTURE OF LOZENGES."
'
This Invention relates to improvements in the construction of machinery or
apparatus to be used for or in connection with the manufacture of lozenges, and
the improved apparatus is particularly designed to effect the printing or stamping
and cutting of what are known as "conversation" lozenges, which have words and
devices printed on them in colour. The arrangement or disposition of the mechanism
for printing and for cutting the lozenges is such as to effect these operations most
simply and expeditiously, and to ensure the forming of the lozenges with the printed
words or devices always in the desired place.
The improved machinery or apparatus comprises an endless web of cloth or other
material, which is carried horizontally on rollers at each end of the machine, and
travels or has an intermittent motion with the upper portion of the web over a
table carried by strong side frames or standards, while the lower portion returns
underneath. The lozenge "dough" or mixture of sugar and other usual ingre-
dients of the lozenges in a prepared state, in rolled sheets of the thickness of the
lozenges, which are laid on the endless web, with the upper surface of the sheets of
"dough" carefully cleaned, so that the printing colour may adhere. The web in
travelling feeds forward the sheet or sheets of "dough" on to or over the table
referred to, where the printing and cutting operations are effected by means of a

page_text: peculiarly constructed printing press and specially arranged cutting mechanism,
supported over the table by the standards which carry the table and the operating
gearing of the apparatus. The printing press or mechanism consists of a transverse
horizontal bar or plate, with a wooden board beneath carrying on its lower face the
forme of type or stereotype plates of the words or devices to be printed on the
lozenge dough beneath. This transverse type plate, which is in length of about
the width of the endless web below, is guided by vertical rods connected to the
machine framing, and passing through long steadying eyes in the ends of the type
plate, and it is reciprocated vertically on these guides to rise or descend and stamp
or print the "dough" at the requisite time when the endless web is stationary,
that is, the interval between its intermittent feeding or forward movements, by
means of a connecting rod attached to a crank or eccentric on a transverse shaft
carried in the lower framing, preferably below the web. The type plate or press is
brought down by the motion of the eccentric or crank to print or impress the
colour on to the surface of the "dough "sheets, and when these sheets are of
varying thicknesses the descent of the press may be regulated to ensure successful
printing or stamping, either by a screw device for varying the length of the con-
necting rod, or by means of screws connecting the type board with the moving
plate to which it is attached. For the purpose of leaving time to ink the type
during the return stroke the type plate or press is arranged to stop or pause during
the completion of the throw of the crank and corresponding motion of the con-
necting rod. To effect this pause the connecting rod is attached to the press plate
by a pin in the one working in a long slot in the other, so that the press is not
acted on during a considerable part of the stroke of the crank. The inking
operation is effected during this pause of the type plate by means of a horizontal
sliding pad or board, on the upper surface of which an inking roller rests. This
sliding pad is actuated by links and levers from the crank shaft, which gives it a
longitudinal traverse below the inking roller to bring it under the type when the
type plate is stationery, and this traverse is so timed that studs or pins on the
connecting rod come under the pad or board and lift it into contact with the type
to ink it just when the connecting rod and crank are in their highest position.
During the return stroke and before the connecting rod has acted on the type plate
the pad or board returns or is traversed back under the inking roller to receive a
fresh charge of ink or colour. The lozenge dough, stamped or impressed as
described, travels with the endless web on to or over the table and under the
cutting mechanism, which is set or placed so that the outters shall be directly over
the printed impressions. This cutting mechanism comprises a number of tubular
cutters corresponding in number to the lozenges printed at each descent of the
printing press. The cutting tubes or cutters are fitted to a transverse bar,
reciprocating in vertical guides, and actuated by a connecting rod fitted to a crank
or eccentric, which may be on a separate shaft, or on the same shaft as the crank
operating the printing press. The downward stroke of the cutters is effected
while the endless web is stationery, or simultaneously with that of the printing
press or type plate. The cutting tubes in their descent cut quite through the
lozenge dough, and in rising carry each a separate lozenge which has been cut
within them. When the cutters are near the completion of their upward stroke
these lozenges are expelled by fixed pistons or rods inside the cutting tubes, and
carried by a transverse bar above. While the cutters are rising a hinged or
oscillating tray, carried by brackets or levers on a rocking shaft, is oscillated or
brought immediately below the cutters, and receives the lozenges as they are
expelled therefrom. This oscillating tray returns out of the way of the cutters
during their downward stroke, and assumes an inclined position, so that the
lozenges slide off its surface and fall into receptacles placed below, and in which
they are removed to be dried.
The cutters or cutting tubes may be made of different shapes to cut the lozenges
into any of the usual forms.

page_text: The intermittent motion of the travelling web is communicated by means of a
ratchet on one of the end rollers carrying the web, this ratchet being turned by a
pawl operated by levers from one of the crank shafts below, or other simple means
of obtaining an intermittent travel of the webs from the continuous rotation of the
crank shaft may be employed. When cranks on separate shafts are employed to
actuate the printing press and the cutting mechanism both shafts are driven by
gearing from a common revolving shaft.
Lateral adjustment of the type in the printing press is provided by means of
horizontal screws fitted over the type plate, and arranged to adjust the type board,
so that the position of the printed words or devices may be exactly under the
cutters of the cutting mechanism.
The inking roller and inking devices may be dispensed with or put out of action
when lozenges are merely to be stamped by the type to give an impression on the
lozenges without colour; and when plain lozenges are to be made without any
stamped or printed impressions the printing mechanism may be put entirely out of
gear.
The machine may be actuated by a hand crank, or by a belt and pulley from a
motive power shaft.
..

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said John Rough and John Hurry in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
9th September 1881.
JOHN ROUGH and JOHN HURRY, both of Dalkeith, in the County of Mid-
Lothian, North Britain. " IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR
AND CONNECTED WITH THE MANUFACTURE OF LOZENGES."
Our said Invention relates to improvements in the construction of machinery or
apparatus to be used for or in connection with the manufacture of lozenges. And
the improved apparatus is particularly designed to effect the printing, or stamping,
and cutting of what are known as "conversation" lozenges, which have words and
devices printed on them in colour.
The arrangement or disposition of the mechanism for printing and for cutting
the lozenges is such as to effect these operations most simply and expeditiously,
and to ensure the forming of the lozenges with the printed words or devices always
in the desired place.
And in order that our said Invention and the manner of performing the same
may be properly understood, we have hereunto appended for that purpose a Sheet
of explanatory Drawings to be hereinafter referred to, and representing a modi-
fication of our improved machine used in the manufactuae of lozenges. In these
Drawings the same reference letters are used to indicate the same parts in the
various Figures.
Figure 1 is a longitudinal vertical section of our improved machine, and Figure 2
is a plan of the same; Figures 3 and 4 are transverse vertical sections taken as at
the line 1--1 in Figure 1 but in opposite directions, and Figure 5 is a side
elevation of part of the machine corresponding to Figure 1.
Referring to these Drawings the machine is constructed with strong side frames
or standards A, carrying the various moving parts, and supporting the table B
(on which the lozenges are printed and cut) as well as the printing and cutting
mechanism. The improved apparatus comprises an endless web C of rubber, cloth,
or other material, which is carried horizontally on rollers C¹ at each end of the 3
machine, and has an intermittent motion imparted to it and travels with the upper
portion of the web C over the table B carried by the side frames or standards A,
while the lower portion of the web returns underneath. The lozenge "dough" or
mixture of sugar and other usual ingredients of the lozenges in a prepared state
in rolled sheets D of the desired thickness of the lozenges is laid on the endless 3
web C, with the upper surface of the sheets of "dough" carefully cleaned so that
the printing may adhere. The web C in travelling feeds forward the sheet or
sheets of "dough " D over the table B, where the printing and cutting operations
are effected by means of a peculiarly constructed printing press and specially
arranged cutting mechanism supported over the table by the standards A, which 4
carry the table C and the operating gearing of the apparatus. The printing press or
mechanism consists of a transverse horizontal bar or plate E with a wooden
board E¹ beneath, carrying on its lower face the "forme" of type or stereotype
plates of the words or devices to be printed on the lozenge dough D beneath. This
transverse type plate E, E, which is in length of about the width of the endless 4
web C below, is guided by vertical rods or a framing E connected to the machine
framing A, and passing through long steadying eyes or bushes Es in the ends of
the type plate E, E, and it is reciprocated vertically on these guides E³, E³, to
rise or descend and stamp or print the dough at the requisite time when the
endless web is stationary, that is, the interval between its intermittent feeding or 5
forward movements. The raising of the printing press or bar E, E¹, is effected

page_text: by means of a revolving cam F, on which a roller fon the end of a connecting-
rod f¹ attached to the bar E rests, a guiding radius bar f being provided to retain
the roller f vertically over the cam F. The press descends by its own weight,
descending gradually as the cam F turns, and the cam F is formed with a
depression at F1, which causes the printing press E when fully raised to pause
while the inking board advances and enters underneath, and then momentarily to
drop on to the inking board while it is under the type, the press being again raised
while the inking board is withdrawn in accordance with the form of the cam.
The printing press E, E¹, may however be actuated by means of a connecting-rod
attached to a crank or eccentric on a transverse shaft carried in the lower framing,
preferably below the web. The type plate or press may in this case be brought
down by the motion of the eccentric or crank to print or impress the colour on to
the surface of the "dough" sheets; and when these sheets are of varying
thicknesses the descent of the press Ę may be regulated to ensure successful
printing or stamping by a screw device for varying the length of the connecting
rod referred to or by means of screw e connecting the type board E¹ with the
moving plate E to which it is attached, as shown in Figures 1 and 2. The inking
operation is effected during the pause of the type plate E, E', by means of a
horizontal sliding pad or inking board G, on the upper surface of which an inking
roller G¹ rests, the roller G being carried in the framing G². This sliding pad G
is actuated by connecting rods or links H, H, and cam levers H2, H³, on a shaft h
acted on by cams or wipers I, I', on the rotating shaft J, which give it a longi-
tudinal traverse below the inking roller G' to bring it under the type E¹ when the
type plate E is stationary, and this traverse is timed so that the pad is stationary
when the type plate E, E¹, descends by the action of its actuating cam F, F', to
ink the type E', as indicated particularly in Figure 5. The action of the cam F, F¹,
then raises the type plate E, E¹, to a slight extent, and the pad or board G returns
or is traversed back under the inking roller G' to receive a fresh charge of ink or
colour. This action of the inking roller G is effected by the wiper I (on which a
friction roller i is fitted) pressing down the cam lever H2 to traverse the inking
board G in one direction to the position indicated in Figure 5, and as the wiper
continues its revolution and acts on the curved end H₁₁ of the cam lever it causes
the inking board G to return to the position in which it is shown in Figure 1.
The second wiper I¹ immediately behind the first acts on the cam lever H³, and
prevents the inking board G being jerked or moved too rapidly in either direction.
The inking board Ğ is fitted to slide in guides g secured to the main framing A.
The lozengo "dough" D stamped or impressed as described travels with the
endless web Con to or over the table B and under the cutting mechanism, which
is set or placed so that the cutters shall be directly over the printed impressions.
This cutting mechanism comprises a number of tubular cutters K, corresponding
in number to the lozenges printed at each descent of the printing press E, E¹. The
cutting tubes or cutters K are fixed to a transverse bar L, fitted with end bushes
or eyes L¹ reciprocating on vertical guide rods L³, and this bar L is actuated by
connecting rods L³ fitted to cranks M₁; or it may be eccentrics on a revolving
crank-shaft M. The downward stroke of the cutters K is effected while the endless
web C is stationary, or simultaneously with that of the printing press or type-
plate E, E. The cutting tubes in their descent cut quite through the lozenge
dough to the surface of the web C, a rubber pad or cushion c being provided
underneath, and in rising the cutters K carry each a separate lozenge which has
been cut within them. When the cutters K are near the completion of their
upward stroke these lozenges are expelled by fixed pistons or rods K¹ inside the
cutting tubes, and carried by a transverse bar or framing K³ above, and supported
by the guide rods L. A retaining plate k secured to the table or framing B, and
fitted round the cutters K over the lozenge dough D prevents the cuttings or waste
rising with the cut lozenges, but these cuttings continue to travel with the endless
web C, and are delivered over a board c¹ into a receptacle at the end of the
machine. While the cutters K are rising a hinged or oscillating tray N carried

page_text: by a bracket and lever N¹ on a rocking shaft O is oscillated or brought immediately
below the cutters K, and receives the lozenges as they are expelled therefrom. This
oscillating tray N returns out of the way of the cutters K during their downward
stroke, and assumes an inclined position, as shown in Figure 1, so that the lozenges
slide off its surface and fall into a receptacle placed below, and in which they are 5
removed to be dried. The tray N is actuated to move under the cutters at the
required time by means of wipers P, P¹, on the crank shaft J acting on cam levers
Q, Q', on the rocking shaft O, the wiper P¹ and cam lever Q¹ being provided simply
for steadying the motion of the tray N.
The intermittent motion of the travelling web C is communicated to it by means 1
of a ratchet R on one of the end rollers C¹ carrying the web, this ratchet R being
turned by a pawl R¹ operated by a jointed lever r connected by a rod 7¹ to a
crank R on the shaft J below. The throw of the crank pin is made adjustable
by means of a screw 73, which can be made to vary the position of the pin
within a slot in the crank R2, and thereby a greater or less motion of the pawl R¹ 1
on the ratchet R is obtained to enable the web C to be travelled any desired
Other
distance at a time, according to the size of lozenges being printed and cut.
simple means of obtaining an intermittent travel of the web C from the continuous
rotation of the crank shaft J may be employed.
The shafts J and M from which the printing press E, E¹, and the cutting 2
mechanism K, L, M, are operated are driven by spur gearing S, S¹, S³, from a
common revolving shaft. T placed centrally between them, and which is driven by
a belt with fast and loose pulleys T1, T2, from any convenient counter shaft, a crank
square t being formed at the opposite end of the shaft T to enable it to be driven
by a hand crank.
Lateral adjustment of the type E in the printing press is provided for by means
of horizontal screws e¹ fitted over the type plate E, and arranged to adjust the type
board E so that the position of the printed words or devices may be brought
exactly under the cutters K of the cutting mechanism.
The cutters or cutting tubes may be made of a variety of shapes to cut the
lozenges into any of the usual forms:
As means to tighten the web C when it becomes slack in working one of the
rollers C' is carried on an adjustable sliding bar U on each side of the machine,
fitted with teeth u in gear with a toothed segment V on a cross shaft v provided
with a hand lever V₁, the sliding bars U and roller C¹ being retained in their 3
outermost position to keep the web C tight by means of a pawl W resting on
ratchet teeth w on the upper edge of the sliding bars U.
The inking board G, roller G₁, and inking devices may be dispensed with or put
out of action when lozenges are merely to be stamped by the type to give an
impression on the lozenges without colour, and when plain lozenges are to be made
without any stamped or printed impressions, the printing mechanism may be put
entirely out of gear, the wheel S being fitted loose on the shaft J, which is
provided with a clutch X put into or out of gear by means of a lever and
handle Y, Y'.
Having thus particularly described our said Invention, and the manner of
performing the same, we have to state that we do not restrict ourselves to the
precise details herein described or delineated; but what we believe to be novel
and original, and therefore claim as the Invention secured to us by the herein-
before in part recited Letters Patent is,-
"
First. The general arrangement or construction and combination of the parts
of a machine or apparatus for printing or stamping and cutting "conversation
and other similar lozenges, substantially as herein described and as shown in the
accompanying Drawings.
Second. The arrangement and combination in a machine for manufacturing
lozenges of the stamping and printing press and devices E, E, G, G, with the
cutting apparatus K, L, under which the lozenge dough is carried or fed forward
intermittently by the web C, and actuated by mechanism arranged to operate the
2

page_text: various parts in the requisite sequential order, substantially as and for the purposes
herein set forth in reference to the accompanying Drawings.
Third. In machines for manufacturing lozenges the arrangement and construction
of the printing or stamping press E, EL, and inking devices G, G¹, operated in the
required sequence by means of wipers and cams or rods and levers, substantially
in the manner and for the purposes herein described in reference to the accom-
panying Drawings.
Fourth. In machines for manufacturing "conversation" lozenges the arrangement
and construction of the cutters or cutting mechanism K, K¹, in combination with
the oscillating tray N, all operated in the required sequence by means of wipers
and cams or rods and levers, substantially in the manner and for the purposes
herein described in reference to the accompanying Drawings.
Fifth. In machines for cutting or for printing and cutting or manufacturing
lozenges the arrangement and construction of an oscillating tray (N) traversing
under the cutters and removing the lozenges, and operated in the required sequence
by means of cams and levers, substantially as herein described in reference to the
accompanying Drawings.
Sixth. In machines for printing and cutting or manufacturing lozenges the
arrangement of the travelling endless web C fitted with stretching or straining
devices U, V, W, and traversed intermittently to the distance and in the sequence
required for the printing or printing and cutting operations by means of a pawl
and ratchet R, R¹, or other similar mechanism worked by a variable crank R³, r²,
all substantially as herein described in reference to the accompanying Drawings.
In witness whereof, we, the said John Rough and the said John Hurry, have
hereunto set our hands and seals, this Seventh day of September, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and eighty-one.