IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE CARBONIZATION OF COAL AND COAL SHALE AND IN THE TREATMENT OF COAL GAS FOR OBTAINING BENZOLE, SOLVENT NAPTHA AND OTHER PRODUCTS THEREFROM "
Year: 1882

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Josiah Hardman of Milton near Stoke on Trent in the
County of Stafford, Manufacturing Chemist for au Invention of "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE CARBONIZATION OF COAL AND COAL SHALE AND IN THE
TREATMENT OF COAL GAS FOR OBTAINING BENZOLE, SOLVENT NAPTHA AND
OTHER PRODUCTS THEREFROM
"
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Josiah Hardman at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 11th September 1882.
JOSIAH HARDMAN of Milton near Stoke-on-Trent in the County of Stafford
Manufacturing Chemist "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CARBONIZATION OF COAL AND
COAL SHALE AND IN THE TREATMENT OF COAL GAS FOR OBTAINING BENZOLE,
SOLVENT NAPTHA, AND OTHER PRODUCTS THEREFROM."
My invention consists firstly in carbonizing coal and coal shale in the manner
usually employed for the production of gas for illuminating purposes, but at such a
temperature as is most suitable for producing a gas tar richer in benzole than is
produced in the ordinary way of gas making.
The gas produced by the above described process of carbonizing the coal or coal
shale I utilize for the production of benzole by passing such gas through a series of
condensers of any ordinary construction at such a temperature as is best suited for
condensing the benzole contained in the said gaª.
In the condensing apparatus above referred to I use coal tar naptha, creosote oil,
heavy anthracene oil, petroleum, petroleum spirit, or any hydrocarbon made from
gas tar or any product from petroleum or like hydrocarbon.
The aforesaid gas after passing through the condensing apparatus above referred
to may be utilized for heating or other purposes.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Josiah Hardman in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 10th March
1883.
JOSIAH HARDMAN of Milton near Stoke upon Trent in the County of Stafford
Manufacturing Chemist IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CARBONIZATION OF COAL AND
COAL SHALE AND IN THE TREATMENT OF COAL GAS FOR OBTAINING BENZOLE,
SOLVENT NAPTHA AND OTHER PRODUCTS THEREFROM
My Invention consists in carbonizing coal or coal shale at such temperatures as
are best suited for charging or investing the gas tar and coal gas resulting from
such distillation with benzole and its homologues or so producing coal gas with as
large a per centage as possible of benzole and its homologues for the purpose as
will be hereinafter described of the extraction therefrom of the said benzole and its
homologues contained therein In carrying out my invention so far as it relates
to the gas tar obtained from the carbonization of coal or coal shale such carbon-
ization being conducted in suitable apparatus such as the retorts in ordinary use
for the distillation of coal, I distil the said tar in the manner usual for the
production of benzole, solvent naptha and other products-In carrying out my
invention so far as it relates to the gas obtained from the distillation aforesaid, I
take the crude or raw gas as it is delivered from the retorts after being denuded of
any tar and ammonia contained therein by means of the ordinary appliances
employed for that purpose but without subjecting it to the further form of
purification generally followed in the production of illuminating gas and I then
cause the said crude gas to pass through condensers saturators or washers of which
I have found washers the best suited for the purpose, such condensers saturators
or washers being of any convenient construction suitable for bringing the gas into
intimate contact with the liquid contained in them, such liquid being either creosote
oil anthracene oil or any of the heavier hydrocarbon oils or such other liquids as
have an affinity for benzole or its homologues and the benzole and its homologues
contained in the above-named gas are absorbed by the aforesaid liquid by means of
their affinity for one another, the thoroughness of the extraction of the benzole and
its homologues by the previously described process will entirely depend upon the
size of the condensers saturators or washers above referred to and upon the
intimacy of the contact between the gas and the liquid with which it is brought
into contact The quantity of benzole and its homologues so extracted will depend
upon the temperature at which the coal or coal shale is carbonized and the qualities
of the coal or coal shale carbonized-The liquid charged with benzole and its
homologues by the above process is then drawn off from the condenser saturator or
washer and the benzole and its homologues are separated from it by distillation or
by any other well known means of separation-By treating the crude or raw gas
as it is delivered from the retorts in the manner above described I avoid the
expense of purifying also the requisite apparatus and erections for purification as
well as the expense of oxide of iron lime, and other purifying agents and I am
thereby enabled to produce gas suitable for heating purposes at a nominal cost-
Having thus described and ascertained the nature of my said invention and the
manner in which the same is to be performed I desire it to be understood that
I claim as secured to me under the above in part recited letters patent
Firstly The mode or method of manufacturing benzole and its homologues
from coal or coal shale in such manner as that the coal or coal shale is
carbonized at such a temperature as that the gas tar and gas resulting therefrom
shall be rich in benzole and its homologues and in the case of the manufacture

page_text: of benzole and its homologues from gas the extraction thereof from crude or
unpurified gas in the manner herein before described
Secondly-The use of such crude or unpurified gas aforesaid after being deprived
of benzole and its homologues as above described as a heating agent
In witness whereof I the said Josiah Hardman have hereunto set my hand
and seal this ninth day of March in the year of our Lord one thousand
eight hundred and eighty three.
JOSIAH HARDMAN (LS.)