CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN PRESSES, AND IN THE MEANS OF ASCERTAINING THE POWER EXERTED BY. SAID PRESSES
Year: 1873

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Henri Adrien Bonneville, of the British and
.
Foreign Patent Offices, 6, Piccadilly, in the County of Middlesex,
and 18, Rue de la Chaussée d'Antin, Paris, France, Patent Agent,
for the Invention of "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN PRESSES, AND IN THE
MEANS OF ASCERTAINING THE POWER EXERTED BY. SAID PRESSES." --A
communication from Benjamin Green Martin, residing at the
City and State of New York, United States of America, Manu-
facturer.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION filed by the said Henri Adrien Bonneville,
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition
and Declaration, on the 10th February 1873, pursuant to the 9th
Section of the Patent Law Amendment Act, 1852.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, HENRI
ADRIEN BONNEVILLE, of the British and Foreign Patent Offices, 6,
Piccadilly, in the County of Middlesex, and 18, Rue de la Chaussée,
d'Antin, Paris, France, Patent Agent, send greeting.

page_text: WHEREAS I am in possession of an Invention for "CERTAIN Improve-
MENTS IN PRESSES, AND IN THE MEANS FOR ASCERTAINING THE POWER EXERTED
BY SAID PRESSES," communicated to me by Benjamin Green Martin, a
person resident at the City and State of New York, United States of
America, Manufacturer, and have petitioned Her Majesty to grant
unto me, my executors, administrators, and assigns, Her Royal Letters
Patent for the same, and made solemn Declaration that it is a
communication.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Henri Adrien Bonneville, do hereby
declare that the following Complete Specification, under my hand and
seal, fully describes and ascertains the nature of the Invention, and the
manner in which the same is to be performed, reference being had
to the accompanying Drawings, and to the figures and letters marked
thereon, that is to say :-
This Invention relates to a press the follower of which is actuated
by travellers acting on two pairs of toggle levers. In this press the
toggle levers are connected at their lower ends to a sleeve which is
fitted on the central standard or stem of the follower, and retained in
position by pawls which engage with ratchet teeth cut in the sides of
said central standard, in such a manner that when the follower has been
depressed as far as the toggle levers will allow, the sleeve can be moved
up on the central standard and the follower can be depressed for a
second time, until the material under the same is compressed to the
desired degree.
The upper ends of the toggle levers are connected to slides (or to one
central slide) which are retained in position by pawls and ratchet teeth,
so that the follower can be depressed several times in succession without
lifting it from the material to be compressed.
The same effect is obtained by securing the toggle levers between two
slides which move up and down on guide rods secured between the head
block and the foot block of the press, and each of which can be retained
in position by pawls and ratchets, while both slides, together with the
toggle levers, can be raised or lowered by racks and pinions, screws, or
other suitable mechanism.
The travellers are either both movable on a screw rod, one half of
which is provided with a right handed and the other half with a left

page_text: handed screw thread, or said travellers are made to move in a transverse
guide bar; and in this case one of them forms the bearing for one end
of a solid screw rod, the other end of which is tapped into a tubular
screw rod that screws through the second traveller, the solid screw rod
being provided with a right handed thread and the tubular screw with
a left handed thread (or vice versa) in such a manner, that by turning
the tubular screw rod the travellers are caused to move towards and
from each other, and that the two screw rods form mutual supports
one for the other.
The follower is provided with a perforated concave bottom plate that
acts against a perforated cup, placed in the press box, in such a manner
that when the follower is depressed, the material between its concave
bottom plate and the perforated cup is forced towards the centre, and
consequently the principal portion of the pressure is thrown towards the
centre, right under the central standard of the follower. Both the
perforated bottom plate of the follower and the cup of the press box
are made removable, so that when the compression has been completed
the compressed plate can be readily removed by taking out the bottom
plate and the cup.
The press box is made in two semi-cylindrical sections, and its rear
section is hinged to the bed plate, so that it can be folded outward to
facilitate the operation of removing the cake. With said hinged back
section is combined a perforated plate or strainer to enable the liquid
parts to separate themselves from the solid parts of the material
subjected to the action of the press, the front part of the press box
being made of a perforated plate which is retained in position by a
shoulder on the bed plate of the press. The bed plate or foot block
is provided with a movable section which supports the material to be
pressed, and which rests upon a system of levers connecting with a
scale in such a manner that the amount of pressure exerted by the
press can be ascertained at any time.
D
This Invention is illustrated in the accompanying Drawings, in
which Fig. 1 represents a transverse vertical section of the Invention ;
Fig. 2 is a horizontal section of the same in the plane x, x, Fig. 1 ;
Fig. 3 is a transverse section of a portion thereof in the planey, y,
Fig. 1; Fig. 4 is a sectional front view of the same, some of its parts
being modified in construction; Fig. 5 is a transverse section of the

page_text: same in the plane z, z, Fig. 4; Fig. 6 is a sectional front view of
another modification of the same; Fig. 7 is an end view of the same.
Similar letters indicate corresponding parts in all these Figures.
In the Drawings the letter A designates the bed plate of the press,
from which rise four standards B which support the head block C.
On the bed plate A is placed the press box D, which is composed of
two semi-cylindrical sections a, b, the rear section a being connected
to the bed plate by a hinge joint c (Fig. 2) so that it can be turned
back for the purpose of removing the cake or the contents of the press
box. Said rear section is fluted on its inner surface and it is protected
by a perforated plate or strainer d to permit the liquid parts of the
material under the press to separate themselves from the solid parts.
The front section of the press box is made of a perforated plate,
and it is retained in position by a shoulder e (Fig. 1) formed on
the bed plate A. F is the follower which works in the press box D.
On the bottom surface of this follower is secured a perforated concave
plate which can be removed, and which acts in conjunction with a
perforated cup E set into the press box, as shown in Fig. 1. When the
follower descends, the material under the press is compressed between
the perforated concave bottom plate f and the cup E, and by the
peculiar shape of these parts the pressure is thrown towards the
centre, and the working parts of the press are relieved, while a power-
ful pressure can be exerted.
From the follower rise the central standard G, the upper end of
which is guided in a suitable hole in the head block. On the lower
part of this central standard is fitted a sleeve H to which are hinged
the bottom ends of the toggle levers I, I, and which is provided with
hinged pawls g that engage with ratchet teeth h cut in the sides of the
central standard. The upper ends of the toggle levers I, I, are hinged
to travellers i, , which move in grooves ; (see Fig. 3) formed in
traverses that are secured to the upright standards B. The traveller i
forms the bearing for one end of a screw rod 1, which is firmly secured
in the same, and which is tapped into a tubular screw rod I, which has
its bearings at one end in a bracket m secured to the traverses k, while
its opposite end extends through a slot in the standard G (see Fig. 5),
and forms two shoulders one on each side of said standard, so that it
is effectually prevented from moving in the direction of its axis. The
thread on the rod is right handed and that on the tubular rod ♬ left

page_text: handed, or vice versa, and said tubular rod screws into the traveller i¹,
and it bears on its end a hand crank, or a pulley or other device, by
means of which it can be conveniently turned in either direction. If
the tubular rod is turned the travellers i, i¹, are caused to move
towards or from each other, while the two screw rods form mutual
supports one for the other. To the upper parts of the travellers i, i¹,
are hinged the lower ends of the toggle levers J, J, the upper ends
of which are hinged to slides K, K, which extend through the
head block C. In the sides of these slides are made ratchet teeth n,
and with these teeth engage pawls o which are hinged to the head
block.
When the tubular rod is turned in the proper direction the
travellers i, ¹, close up, and the toggle levers I, I, J, J, force the
follower down with great force. When the stroke of said toggle levers
is exhausted the motion of the tubular rod / is reversed, the sleeve
H is caused to slide up on the central standard, and when the
travellers are again caused to close up the pawls 9 take a fresh hold
and the follower is still further depressed. The same effect can also
be produced by depressing the slides K, K, and allowing their pawls o
to take a fresh hold. During the motion of the traveller i, 2, the
traverses k move up or down on the standards B while the central
standard is securely guided by the head block above and by the press
box below.
The slides K, K, of the toggle levers J, J, instead of being arranged
as shown in Fig. 1, may also be combined with one slide K* (see Fig.
4 and 5). This slide is retained by pawls o*, and it is adjusted up
or down in the same manner as the slides K previously described. The
standard G is made in two sections, the upper section G* being
provided with a screw thread which screws into the slide K* (see Fig.
4 and 5) while its foot extends into a socket in the lower section. If
the follower is depressed the screw G* remains stationary, and when it
is desired to give a fresh gripp to the toggle levers said screw serves
to adjust the slide K*. The screw G* can also be used to depress the
follower after the stroke of the toggle lever has been exhausted.
In the press represented by Fig. 6 and 7 the screw rods and are
combined in one continuous solid rod, one half of which is provided
with a right handed and the other with a left handed screw thread.

page_text: On this screw rod are fitted the travellers i, i, from which extend the
lower toggle levers I, I, to a slide M, and the upper toggle levers to
a slide N, the position of said toggle levers being such that when the
travellers are moved apart the slides M, N, are forced from each other
and vice versa. The slides M, N, are guided by the upright standards
B, B, which support the head block C, and each of said slides is
provided with two sets of pawls g, g, and o, o, the pawls 9, 9, to engage
with teeth h, h, on the outer edges of rack bars O, and the pawls o, o, to
engage with teeth p on the inner edges of said rack bars, while an
additional set of pawls 8, 8, which are hinged to the under side of the
slide N, can be thrown in gear with the teeth h¹ on the upper part of
the rack bars O. These rack bars are situated between the uprights B,
and they extend from the bed plate A up to the head block C, and
the teeth h¹ point in a direction opposite to that of the teeth h and o.
The slide M represents the follower of the press, and if the pawls o are
thrown in gear with the teeth p, and the screw rod I, 1, is turned so as
to spread the travellers, the slide M. is depressed with great power.
After the stroke of the toggle lever is exhausted the pawls g are
thrown in gear with the teeth h, and the motion of the screw rod 1, l',
is reversed so as to lower the slide N, and after this slide has been
secured in the desired position by its pawls o, o, the
depressed, and so on until the material under the
compressed to the desired degree.
slide M is again
press has been
The upper slide N is provided with two lugs which form the
bearings for a shaft P on which are mounted two pinions u that gear
into racks secured to the head block C. By turning the shaft P in
the proper direction the slide N, together with the toggle mechanism
and the slide M, are raised, and they are retained in position if the
pawls 8, 8, are thrown in gear with the teeth h¹.
It will be readily understood that other devices might be used for
raising the slides and the toggle mechanism, such as chains and pulleys,
or screws, and I do not wish to be confined in this respect to the
precise mechanism above described.
The foot block or bed plate A is provided with a movable section A°
which rests on a plateform B° that is supported by levers C°, D°,
arranged in relation to each other, similar to those of ordinary plateform
scales. The lever D° connects by a rod a° with a lever 6° secured to

page_text: the head block, and this lever acts on a spring cº which when compressed
turns an index hand d° over a dial plate e°. The material to be
compressed rests upon the section A°, and if the follower is brought
down, the lever b° acts on the spring c°, and the pressure exerted by
the press is indicated on the scale e°. This indicator is applicable to
all presses in which the bed plate can be made with a section A°, as
above described.
turns an index hand ď° over a dial plate e°. The material to be
compressed rests upon the section A°, and if the follower is brought
down, the lever 6° acts on the spring c°, and the pressure exerted by
the press is indicated on the scale e°. This indicator is applicable to
all presses in which the bed plate can be made with a section A°, as
above described.
Having thus described the nature of the said İnvention, and the
manner of carrying it into effect I claim,-
1stly. The combination of a sleeve H, pawls g, and ratchet teeth h,
with the central standard of the follower F, and with toggle levers I, J,
travellers i, ¹, and screw rod 1, l', substantially in the manner herein
described.
2dly. The combination of a slide K or K*, ratchet teeth n or n*,
and pawls o or o*, with the central standard of the follower F, toggle,
levers I, J, travellers i, i, and screw rod 1, 1, substantially in the
manner set forth.
3dly. The combination of a fixed screw rod 1, and a revolving tubular
screw rod, with travellers i, i, toggle levers I, J, and follower F,
substantially as described.
4thly. The screw L combined with the central standard of the follower
F, and with the slide K* fitted in the head block C, substantially in
the manner and for the purpose set forth.
5thly. The combination of two slides M, N, with intermediate toggle
5 levers I, J, travellers i, i, screw rod I, 1, and with racks and pawls
or other equivalent mechanism for adjusting said slides, substantially
in the manner described.
6thly. The combination of a lifting mechanism, consisting of racks
and pinions or other equivalent device, with slides M, N, intermediate
O toggle levers I, J, travellers i, i¹³, and screw rod 2, 1, substantially as
set forth.
7thly. The concave perforated bottom plate on the follower F,
in combination with a perforated cup E in the press box, substantially
as described.

page_text: 8thly. The press box D constructed of two semi-cylindrical sections
a, b, the section a being connected to the bed plate A by a hinge joint
c, substantially in the manner set forth.
9thly. The combination of a movable section in the bed plate of a
press with a system of levers which are connected with a spring balance,
to indicate the power exerted by the press mechanism, substantially as
described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Henri Adrien Bonneville, have
hereto set my band and seal, this Ninth day of February, in
the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-
three.