IMPROVEMENTS IN THE BOTTLES EMPLOYED FOR THE CARRYING OF CHEMICAL PRODUCTIONS OR OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1875

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Claudius Fournereau, of Boulevard Saint Denis,
No. 1, at Paris, Manufacturer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE BOTTLES EMPLOYED FOR THE CARRYING OF CHEMICAL PRODUCTIONS OR
OTHER PURPOSES.”
Sealed the 23rd May 1876, and dated the 26th November 1875.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Claudius Fournereau
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 26th November 1875.
I, CLAUDIUS FOURNEREAU, of Boulevard Saint Denis, No. 1, at Paris,
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE BOTTLES EXPLOYED FOR THE CARRYING OF CHEMICAL
PRODUCTIONS OR OTHER PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in the manufacture of a new kind of bottle
with handles, and an adhering protective jacket. It also comprises two
special features, first, the position of the handles, and the manner of
fixing them; secondly, the application of the jacket and its composition.
The jacket protects the bottle from breakage, and the handles connected

page_text: to the jacket make the handling more easy; the protective jacket is
besides the result of a special preparation and combination as herein-
after described.
To obtain the handles I first take a rod of osier, which I bend into the
form of a ring and connect the two ends; the size of this ring is deter-
mined by the dimensions of the bottom of the bottle neck upon which
it has to rest; I then arrange at two opposite points of this ring two
wire handles, the ends of which pass through the ring; and are rivetted
or bent under it. I next twist around these handles three or four strips
of osier which are likewise attached to the ring; the handles are thus
made and solidly fixed to the ring; the ring is then fixed on the neck of
the bottle, and is firmly maintained by a series of small wires which are
attached to the ring, are bent upon the neck of the bottle, and are united
together under its bottom. The bottle being thus provided with a kind
of skeleton frame with two handles, I next proceed to apply the jacket.
For this purpose I prepare a pulp composed of paper boiled and
pounded, that is to say, triturated with glue or paste; sawdust, tan,
residues, or other like material may be added thereto if thought
necessary. The pulp being thus obtained I color it with ochres, then I
spread it by hand on the whole surface of the bottle, the handles
included, and of an uniform thickness, say from a sixth to a third of an
inch. This pulp thus forms a sort of shield which protects the bottle
from blows, it is perfectly adherent to the glass, the strength of which
it much increases. It may receive various kinds of decoration in
imitation of wood, wickerwork, bark, and so on, which should be applied
before the pulp becomes dry. The bottle thus covered is afterwards
placed in a stove or hot chamber in order to dry or harden the pulp,
after which it is immersed or dipped in a bath of fatty or waterproof
varnish, which after drying preserves the jacket from all damp.
This varnish may be composed of low class oil, litharge and resin, or
of soap, alum, and tar obtained from schist; it penetrates into the pulp
and forms one body therewith. The bottle thus finished is of very
great strength, practically unbreakable, but if by any chance it should
become broken, the impermeable jacket keeps the glass in place and
prevents all escape or loss of the contents.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Claudius Fournerenu in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 26th May 1876.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, Claudius
FOURNEREAU, of Boulevard Saint Denis, No. 1, at Paris, Manufacturer,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-sixth day of November, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-five, in
the thirty-ninth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and
successors, give and grant unto me, the said Claudius Fournereau, Her
special licence, that I, the said Claudius Fournereau, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Claudius
Fournereau, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any
time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times
thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE BOTTLES EMPLOYED FOR THE CARRYING OF
CHEMICAL PRODUCTIONS OR OTHER PURPOSES," upon the condition (amongst
others) that I, the said Olaudius Fournereau, my executors or admini-
strators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their
hands and seals, should particularly describo and ascertain the nature
of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be per-
formed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office
within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the
said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Claudius Fournereau, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement thereof, reference being had to the accom-
panying Drawings, that is to say :—
My Invention consists in the manufacture of a new kind of bottle
with handles, and an adhering protective jacket. It also comprises two
special features, first, the position of the handles and the manner of
fixing them; secondly, the application of the jacket and its composition.

page_text: to the jacket make the handling more casy; the protective jacket is
besides the result of a special preparation and combination as hercin-
after described.
My Invention will be fully understood on reference to the annexed
Drawings of one of my improved bottles, and the description herein-
after given; Figure 1 is an external view, and Figure 2 a vertical
section.
To make the handles I first take a rod of osier, which I bend into the
form of a ring, and connect the two ends; the size of this ring is
determined by the dimensions of the bottom of the bottle neck upon
which it has to rest; I then arrange at opposite points of this ring two
wire handles, the ends of which pass through the ring, and are rivetted
or bent under it. I next twist around these handles b, b, three or four
strips of osier which are likewise attached to the ring a; the handles are 1
thus made and solidly fixed to the ring a. The ring is then fixed on
the neck of the bottle, and is firmly maintained by a series of small
wires c, c, c, which are attached to the ring, are bent upon the neck of
the bottle, and are united together under its bottom. The bottle being
thus provided with a kind of skeleton frame with two handles b, I next
proceed to apply the jacket d. For this purpose I prepare a pulp
composed of paper boiled and pounded, that is to say, triturated with
glue or paste; sawdust, tan residues, or other like material may be added
thereto if thought necessary. The pulp being thus obtained I color it
with ochres, then I spread it by hand on the whole surface of the bottle,
the handles included, and of an uniform thickness, say from a sixth to a
third of an inch. This pulp thus forms a sort of shield which protects
the bottle from blows; it is perfectly adherent to the glass or other
material of which the bottle is made, the strength of which it much
increases. It may receive various kinds of decoration in imitation of
wood, wickerwork, bark, and so on, which should be applied before the
pulp becomes dry. The bottle thus covered is afterwards placed in a
stove or hot chamber in order to dry or harden the pulp, after which it
is immersed or dipped in a bath of fatty or waterproof varnish, which
after drying preserves the jacket from all damp.
This varnish may be composed of low class oil, litharge, and resin, or
of soan, alum, and tar obtained from schist; it penetrates into the pulp

page_text: and forms one body therewith. The bottle thus finished is of very
great strength, practically unbreakable, but if by any chance it should
become broken, the impermeable jacket keeps the glass in place and
prevents all escape or loss of the contents.
And having now described the nature of my said Invention and in
what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that I claim,-
'
First. Manufacturing bottles with a skeleton wire frame, handles,
and an adhering composition or jacket, substantially as herein-before
described.
:
Second. Protecting bottles by an adherent impermeable jacket made
and applied substantially as herein-before described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Claudius Fournereau, have here-
unto set my hand and scal, this Twenty-fourth day of May, One
thousand eight hundred and seventy-six.
CLAUDIUS FOURNEREAU. (L.S.)