provements in Cycles and such like Vehicles.
Year: 1896

page_text: PROVIDIUNAL DIECIFICATION
Improvements in Cycles and such like Vehicles.
I JAMES THOMAS ELLIS of No. 5 Hargreave Terrace, Rathgar Co. Dublin, Title
Investigator do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
This invention relates firstly to an improved ball bearing, secondly to improve-
ments in pedals and cranks and the connecting them together and thirdly to
improvements in the means of locking various parts together by nuts and bolts.
All such improvements being applicable to Cycles and such like vehicles.
My improved ball bearing is constructed as follows:
In one with the spindle or attached thereto I have a sleeve or collar having one
or more slots thereto (forming keyways. I have a short tube or tubular collar to
pass loosely along the spindle to this sleeve one end being enlarged or flanged to
form a head this head being nut shaped, flatted or pinholed. The further end, or
shoulder, is exteriorly threaded. On this threaded end I screw a ball bearing cone
the back of which has wings or arms (forming keys) corresponding with the Slots
or Keyways in the sleeve. I pass this tube along the spindle, allowing the cone
wings to pass into the sleeve slots, until the shoulder presses against the sleeve.
On rotating the tube by the head movement will be given to the cone which will
move back or forth from the sleeve. To prevent backward movement of the tube
I have it locked by the head abutting against the fork ends or cranks, or by a
lock nut on the spindle. I may have the keyways to the cone and the keys to
the sleeve.
The cup is secured in any well known manner or is screwed into the mouth of
the outer bearing and may be further locked by a screw passing through a screw
threaded hole in the bearing and cup and this hole may also be an oiling hole and
the screw a hollow one; or may be locked by a wing. One end whereof being
secured to the bearing by a screw through such hole and the other end bent
over and passing into a pinhole in the cup.
On a hub I may secure the pinion to a collar which I screw to the hub the outer
edge being bent or flanged inwardly towards the centre to lie against the cup and
attachable thereto by screw pins.
The above described arrangement would be duplicated so far as necessary to each
end of the spindle.
My improvements in Pedals and attaching them to the cranks also relate to
devices for turning them when not in use.
The ends of the cranks I have U shaped.
There are one or more holes for bolts through the side arms. The inner end
of the pedal pin, having a T or L shaped end or lug thereto and having therein
holes corresponding to those in the crank arms. This lug passes into the U slot
between the crank arms and is attached thereto by bolts passing through the holes.
If one bolt be withdrawn the pedal being pivoted on the other will hang down or
I may have the lug to the pedal so shaped as to pivot on the outside of the U arms
the centre of the lug end of the pin passing into the U slot and held in position by
the unner bolt

page_text: The lug above mentioned may be in one with the pin rigidly affixed thereto or
screwed thereon and may be shaped at the pedal side as a ball cone or hollowed
out as necessary as a ball race.
In another arrangement the U shaped slot is dispensed with but a bolt passed at
the end from side to side to which the lug is pivoted the end of the pedal pin
passes through or beyond the lug and passes loosely through an oval shaped hole
in the crank and tightened up by a nut or other similar means.
I may also effect my design by having the end of the pedal pin broadened and
flattened out with a flange at the back nut like with a threaded hole therein. I
have the crank end straight and screwed to receive the pedal pin which is screwed
thereon and kept thereon by nuts or such like means. To keep it from turning I
may have a reversely threaded nut taking on to the threaded flange of the pin or
have corresponding slots in crank and pinhole rough which is passed a pin kept
in place by a nut.
For locking the various parts of cycles and such like vehicles I employ square
hexagon or other shaped nuts with an upper flange at one or more of the flat
corners, preferably at each alternate corner. I also have in or through the outer
surface or flats of such nuts one or more serrations, grooves slots or holes.
In a modification I dispense with the flanges having the holes or equivalents
in round, square, hexagon or other shaped nuts or I may dispense with the holes
or equivalents retaining the flanges. In cases in which I employ bolts such as
for brakes, clips and such like I may also have the heads with similar flanges
pinholes or slots.
Dated this 26th October 1896
I JAMES THOMAS ELLIS of No. 5 Hargreave Terrace Teremure Road, Rathgar,
Co. Dublin, Title Investigator, do hereby declare the nature of this invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement:-
This invention relates firstly to an improved Ball bearing, secondly to improve-
ments in pedals and cranks and the connecting of them together and thirdly to
improvements in means of locking various parts together by nuts and bolts.
My improved ball bearing is constructed as follows:-
In one with the spindle "A" Fig. 1 or attached thereto I have a sleeve or
collar "B" having one or more slots "b" thereto (forming keyways).
I have a short tube or tubular collar "C" to pass loosely along the spindle to
this sleeve one end being enlarged or flanged to form a head, this head being nut
shaped, flatted or pinholed. The further end or shoulder "c" exteriorly
threaded and on this threaded end I screw a ball bearing cone "D" the inner end
of which has wings or arms "d" (forming keys) corresponding with the slots or
keyways in the sleeve. I pass this tube along the spindle allowing the cone
wings "d" to pass into the sleeve slots "b" until the shoulder presses against the
sleeve. On rotating the tube by the head "C" a sliding movement will be given
to the cone which will move back or forth from the sleeve. To prevent back-
ward movement of the tube I have it locked by the head abutting against the fork
ends or cranks or by a lock nut "E" Fig. 2 on the spindle.
I may reverse this arrangement and have the slots to the cone such slots working
along the keys upon the spindle a sleeve attached thereto.

page_text: The cup is secured in any well known manner or is screwed into the mouth of
the outer bearing as at "F" Fig. 2 and may be further locked by a screw passing.
through a screw threaded hole in the bearing and this hole may also be an oiling
hole and the screw a hollow one or may be locked to the outer bearing "G" by a
wing "H" Figs. 2 and 3 one end whereof being secured to the hearing by a screw
through such a hole, as at "I" and the other end bent over and passing into a pin
hole "J" in the cup "K."
The above described arrangement would be duplicated so far as necessary to
each end of the spindle or bearing.
My improvements in pedals and attaching them to the cranks also relate to
devices for turning them, when not in use, so as not to catch in articles beside
them, such as in the spokes of another cycle.
I have the crank end U shaped as at "L" Figures 4, 5 and 6 into which I pass
Tor L shaped lug as shown at "M" and "N" such a lug being secured to the
crank by bolts passing through the holes "7" the pedal pin being secured to the
lug through the holes "M" by being screwed therethrough or by other well
known means.
Figures 7 and 8 show adaptations whereby the lug is attached to the outside of
the crank and instead of between the U slot. In Figure 7 one side of the crank
being bent or shaped as at "0" over which is passed the lug "P" by the hole "."
The other end of this lug. being secured to the crank by the bolt "o" screwing
into the crank at the hole "oo." In Figure 8 the bottom of the lug "Q" is
passed under the ends """" of the crank "R" the upright part "q" passing
into the crank slot.
Figures 9 and 10 show forms in which the slot at the U shaped end is dispensed
with and the lugs pivoted to the outside or hottom of the crank.
Figure 11 shows a form of lug that may be used with crank Fig. 9, and Fig. 12
shows a form of lug that may be used with crank Fig. 4.
Figs. 13, 14, 15 and 16 show forms of lugs adapted to act as ball hearers.
Figure 17 shows an adaptation of a further modification or alternative in which
the end of the crank "S" is screw threaded exteriorly and also has a hole "T"
therein interiorly threaded. The end of the pedal pin U is broadened and
flattened out nut like, and partly hollowed to form a cup the interior of which is
threaded; the bottom of the cup having a small threaded hole "V." This pin
is screwed on to the crank end and further secured by a bolt "W" screwed
through the small hole V in the cup and into the interior threaded hole T in the
crank.
In Figure 18 the crank end has a flange or key "X" to one side, preferably the
back, the pedal pin having a keyway "ar." The pin is pushed' on to the crank and
prevented from turning by the flange and prevented from dropping down by a
bolt "W" screwing through the cup hole V into the crank hole "."
Although the lugs in the drawings are shown as separate from the pedal pin it
will be understood that they may be made in one therewith or be rigidly attached
thereto by brazing or other means.
It will be evident that according to my constructions and modes of attaching the
pedals to the lugs or the lugs to the cranks that my object is not to have the pedals
to fold against or lie parallel with the crank sides, but to have a turning or
reversable pedal that may be turned into a reverse position to that it normally
occupies. With the constructions shewn at Figures 4, 5, 9, 11, 12, 13, 14 15 and 16
to reverse the pedal the upper pin or bolt is withdrawn or sufficiently withdrawn
so as to leave the lug free to turn on its pivot. On pressure being applied to the
pedal the upper end of the lug comes away from the crank and the pedal is turned
until it lies at right angles to the back of the crank and may be kept in that
position by the tightening up of the pivoted bolt in some instances. To reverse
Figures 6 and 7 the retaining holts or nuts are slackened thereby taking the
pressure from the lug sides and the the pedal may then he reversed. With
Figures 8 and 10 the bottom of the lug is pinned to the bottom of

page_text: the crank and when one pin is withdrawn the pedal may be turned
sideways right around to the other side of the crank. With the construction
shewn by Figure 17 the pin W is unscrewed until its broad end passes out of
engagement with the pedal hole V and the pedal may then be turned around
reversing its position. With Figure 18 the pin W is partly unscrewed and the
pedal end slid off the crank out of engagment with the key X when it may be
turned and its position reversed.
In a further improvement I employ square, hexagon or other shaped nuts having
an upraised flange as at "Y" Fig. 19 at one or more of the flat corners, preferably
at each alternate corner, I also have in or through the outer surface or flats of such
nuts one or more serrations, grooves, slots or holes as at "Z" Fig. 19.
In a modification I have only the flanges, or dispense with same and only have
the slots or equivalents.
In cases in which I employ bolts, such as for brakes or clips, I may have the
heads with similar flanges, pinholes or equivalents.
Such nuts or bolts may be more easily rotated than those at present used as the
langes will prevent a wrench slipping and a nail or such like may be placed in a
pinhole and used as a lever to turn the nut or bolt.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim is:
1. The particular form and construction of bearing set forth and illustrated in
Figures 1, 2 and 3 of accompanying drawings.
2. The particular form and construction of bearing set forth and described in
the accompanying writings or the like substantially.
3. In cranks and pedals the particular forms and constructions set forth and
illustrated in Figures 4 to 18 for the purposes hereinbefore mentioned.
4. Connecting cranks and reversable pedals by lugs or equivalent means for the
purposes hereinbefore set forth.
5. The construction of crank ends reversable pedal ends or connecting lugs, as
set forth and described in accompanying writings, for the purposes therein
mentioned, or the like substantially.
6. In a reversable pedal constructing the crank connecting end of the pedal
pin with ball bearing lugs or equivalents integral therewith or attachable thereto,
or the like substantially.
7. A reversable pedal turning upon a pin, reversable by a sideward movement
from front to back or the like substantially.
8. In a reversable pedal, reversable by a sideward movement from front to back
the particular forms and constructions of crank ends or pedal connecting lugs as
shewn in Figures 8 and 10 of the drawings or the like substantially.
9. A reversable pedal having its pin end hollowed and adapted so as to be screwed
upon and turnable upon the crank end, and locked thereto by a pin substantially
as shewn in Figure 17 of the drawings.
10. A reversable pedal having its pin end adapted to he keyed thereto by a pin
substantially as shewn by Figure 18 of the drawings.
11. The particular form and construction of nuts or bolts set forth and
illustrated in Figure 19 of accompanying drawings.
12. Constructing nuts or bolts as set forth and described in accompanying
writings or the like substantially for the purposes therein mentioned.
Dated this 27th July 1897
JAMES THOMAS ELLIS,
Applicant.