Year: 1886

page_text: Date of Application, 31st Dec., 1886
Complete Left, 30th Sept., 1887
Complete Accepted, 11th Nov., 1887
ADOLF MACK, of Ludwigsburg, Würtemberg in the Empire of Germany,
Architect and Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be
as follows:
By the above mentioned invention a material is to be created to serve for the
immediate construction of dry and fire proof dwelling places at any season of the
year floors, false ceilings, light vaults, ceilings, partitions of walls &c. being made
of the boards, tablets, slabs, flags, formed pieces etc. manufactured according to this
process.
In order to procure a material which fulfils all the claims that can be made, which
is used in an especially dry state for building purposes, which rests lightly on the
timber work, acts as a disinfectant, excludes vermin, is fireproof, and which admits
of the immediate laying down of flooring, false floors &c., the following method is
adopted.
Glue water which contains a solution of equal parts of alum and copperas with
the addition of a solution of soluble glass is mixed with calcined plaster for building
purposes and pulverized cinders of coal in alternate proportions, so that a pap-like
substance is produced, to which may still be added the hair of animals or sawdust.
This substance is cast in forms and stiffened by strong cane which is pressed into
the soft mass.
The boards thus obtained are dried in the air.
The admixture of alum is intended to increase the hardening of the substance.
The Copperas acts as a disinfectant, prevents the passage of obnoxious gases
and is a safe remedy against dry rot, as well as against vermin.
The cane put in acts in unison with the porous coal cinders in deadening sound.
As the cane contains very little burning material, the substance which contains
soluble glass may be designated as fireproof.
The animal hair causes a better adhesion of the ingredients.

page_text: A similar substance may be obtained by using ordinary water in lieu of glue
water, and slaked lime and cement in lieu of the plaster employed for building
purposes. The animal hair may be replaced by sawdust.
The admixture of animal hair, sawdust, alum, copperas, and soluble glass may be
partially or wholly omitted in both mixtures according to the purpose for which
these boards are intended.
The employment of this material is of a manifold character.
In order to make a fireproof underlayer for the floor or linoleum, forming at the
same time the false floor, the separate boards are joined to each other and the
crevices are filled up with plaster-mortar, which contains some copperas.
This material serves also for making fire proof ceilings, light partition walls,
also movable walls in iron or wooden frames.
Dated this 31st day of December 1886.
CARMAN & Co.,
Agents for the Applicant.

page_text: Artificial Boards, Slabs, Mouldings, and the like for Various
Building Purposes.
I, ADOLF MACK, of Ludwigsburg, Württemberg, South Germany, Architect,
do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is
to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-
My invention relates to the making of plaster or gypsum boards for the
construction of dry and fireproof ceilings, partitions, and damp proof courses; and
to render any ordinary floor or ceiling, sound proof.
These boards are manufactured in the following manner. A layer of reeds is
placed in a mould, on a strip of tarred felt or card board, and a semi-liquid or plastic
mass, composed of ordinary burned and ground gypsum mixed with water, cork
cuttings, or coke breeze, or hair; or any combinations thereof; is poured into the
mould. The boards can also be manufactured without the strip of tarred felt or
card board.
After the mass has set, the board or slab is taken out of the mould and dried in
covered drying sheds.
The boards, when dry, are applied by nailing or screwing them to the under side
of the ceiling joists or floor joists, when used for ceilings. In the case of partitions
they are secured in a similar manner to the quarterings or uprights of the partitions,
either in two layers; one on each side of the quarters: or in one or more layers
between the vertical timbers. The plaster boards can also be secured to fillets or
strips nailed to brick or other walls where there is dampness; or even in ordinary
house construction, the walls and ceilings can be lined throughout with the dry
plaster boards, upon which a finishing coat of plaster may be put if desired; or the
boards covered directly by distempering or paper.
In this way apartments may be occupied almost immediately the work is done, as
no risk is incurred from the large amount of dampness carried by the plaster as
used in the ordinary finish of buildings. In addition to this advantage, the plaster
boards can be used as a sound proof and fire proof material in floor, ceilings, roofs,
stairs, and other places. The slabs or gypsum boards, for this purpose, may be
made thicker than those employed for ceilings and wall linings; and they are
placed between the joists, resting upon fillets or cleats nailed to the joists. In
this way, also, they save the expense of herring bone strutting and give additional
lateral stiffness to the floors, besides being much simpler in application.
Fig. 1 is a section through a wooden mould a in which bis the strip of tarred felt
or card board, c, c, are reeds, and d the plaster. The mould may be made of any
size or form required, and so that it can be taken apart to facilitate the removal of the
slab or boards.
Fig. 2 is a section through a floor in which e is the ceiling, made of plaster or

page_text: gypsum boards, secured to the floor joists f, f, and g is a thick slab of one or more
layers of the plaster boards, for sound and fire proofing purposes. Fig. 3 is a
horizontal section through a partition having two outer layers of plaster boards e, e,
secured to the quarters f, f, and Fig. 4 is a similar section through a partition formed
of a thick slab or slabs, y, arranged in a solid manner between the quarters ƒ, j.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said invention,
and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I claim is:
1. The method of making plaster or gypsum boards by casting them in a mould of
a plastic or semi-fluid mass of materials as herein stated, in which mould, reeds have
been previously placed, or so arranged, that they are distributed throughout the
plastic mass, substantially as described.
2. A plaster board or slab composed of plaster or gypsum combined with water,
and with cork cuttings, coke breeze, hair, or any combination thereof, cast in a mould
upon a backing of tarred felt or card board, in the manner substantially as, and for
the purpose described.
3. The method of applying slabs or boards of fibrous and other materials, as
herein specified, substantially in the manner and for the purpose described and
illustrated.
FAIRFAX & WETTER,
433, Strand, London,
Agents for the Applicant.