IM- PROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION AND ARRANGEMENT OF APPARATUS FOR ECONOMISING THE CONSUMPTION AND INCREASING THE ILLUMINATING AND, HEATING POWERS OF COAL GAS, WATER GAS, AND OTHER IMFLAMMABLE VAPOURS AND GASES, AND MIXTURES THEREOF.”
Year: 1873

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Ludolph Seegers, of Berners Street, Oxford-
Street, in the County of Middlesex, for the Invention of "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION AND ARRANGEMENT OF APPARATUS FOR
ECONOMISING THE CONSUMPTION AND INCREASING THE ILLUMINATING AND,
HEATING POWERS OF COAL GAS, WATER GAS, AND OTHER IMFLAMMABLE
VAPOURS AND GASES, AND MIXTURES THEREOF.”
"
t
Scaled the 12th December 1873, and dated the 23rd October 1873.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION filed by the said Ludolph Seegers at the
3
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition and
Declaration, on the 23rd October 1873, pursuant to the 9th Section
of the Patent Law Amendment Act, 1852.

page_text: CONSUMPTION AND INCREASING THE ILLUMINATING AND HEATING POWERS OF COAL
GAS, WATER GAS, AND OTHER INFLAMMABLE VAPOURS AND GASES, AND MIXTURES
THEREOF," and have petitioned Her Majesty to grant unto me, my
executors, administrators, and assigns Her Royal Letters Patent for
the same, and have made solemn Declaration that I am the true and
first Inventor thereof.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Ludolph Seegers, do hereby declare
that the following Complete Specification, under my hand and seal,
fully describes and ascertains the nature of the said Invention, and in
what manner the same is to be performed in and by the following
statement, reference being had to the Drawings hereunto annexed, and
to the figures and letters marked thereon, that is to say :-
My said Invention consists of an improved apparatus for increasing
the illuminating and heating powers of gases or vapours, or mixtures
thereof, such as coal gas and water gas, whereby I communicate a
large illuminating power to them over and above any they may in
themselves possess..
.
"By this Invention I also relieve the gas of a considerable amount of
pressure and deliver it to the ordinary burners or supply pipes for
consumption greatly enriched in illuminating power and in a regular
service, by which great economy in consumption is effected.
In order that I may be clearly understood I proceed to explain my
said Invention:-I have a peculiar apparatus herein-after to be described
which I call the " 'gas economiser." In this apparatus I place the
requisite quantity and quality of a fluid or compound of any suitable
description, that is, which will on contact with the surface of a gas or
vapour give to that gas or vapour a certain amount of its substance, I
may mention that I prefer a fluid obtained and distilled from petroleum
of all descriptions, whether American, Hungarian, or petroleum from
any other country, and which 'fluid is known under various denomina-
tions, such as benzoline, or light petroleum oils, or spirit of petroleum.
But I do not confine myself to this fluid as many other such spirits or
oils would answer the purpose, such as shale oil or shale spirit, coal oil
or coal spirit, or mixtures of them.
⚫ I now show one form of construction and the use of my apparatus.
In this form there is a vertical self-acting ball-cock and ball system..

page_text: This first form is referred to in Drawings Nos. 1, 2, and 3. On the
top of the apparatus, or if more convenient at any distance from it, is a
reservoir A, as shewn by Drawing No. 1, which is to be filled with the
suitable fluid or compound, and on the top of the reservoir A are two
apertures B and C, each fitted with a valve and a screw cap. One is for
the purpose of taking in the suitable fluid or compound and the other
for the purpose of allowing the escape of the atmospheric air. D is a
small aperture with protector and raised cover fitted with a wire strainer
inside to admit the atmospheric air necessary for the free working of the
floater or ball-cock and ball arrangement E, F, G, H, as shewn by
Drawing No. 2, which is fitted in the cylinder Q, herein-after to be
described. In front of the said reservoir A is a concave niche I from
top to bottom enclosed by a door, as shewn by Drawing No. 1, in which
there is a gauge K fitted to indicate the height of the fluid in the
reservoir. The gauge may be constructed in any convenient manner,
but in general the construction of the gauge may be in this way, viz.,
on the top is fixed a stop-cock with sockets, and on this stop-cock is
fitted an elbow piece with sockets; and connection in order to fasten the
glass tube. On the bottom is fixed a stop-cock with sockets, and on
this stop-cock is fitted a T piece; one end of this T piece is fitted with
sockets and connection in order to fasten the glass tube, and the other
end of this T piece is fitted with a screw cap. Under the reservoir A'is
fixed a funnel or hopper L fitted with the required tube, T piece, and
three stop-cocks. This is for the purpose of conveying the suitable fluid
or compound into the cistern or cisterns M, as required and shown by

page_text: provided always that the reservoir is in connection with and above the
apparatus. The apparatus and reservoir are strengthened by requisite
bands, brackets, and supports.
The cistern or cisterns M of the apparatus are for containing the
suitable fluid or compound for enriching the gases or vapours, or the
mixtures thereof. The apparatus consists of one cistern or of a series of
cisterns; this cistern or these series of cisterns is or are charged as
follows: In this present instance there are three cisterns in the
apparatus. The suitable fluid or compound is allowed to flow from the
reservoir A through the funnel or hopper L and stop-cock into the
ball-cock E from whence it passes into the upper or top cistern M, and
fills it to the proper level. This upper or top cistern has an overflow
pipe situated at the proper level of the fluid or compound contained
therein, and communicating with the lower part of the second cistern.
The fluid or compound having filled the upper cistern to the proper level
will overflow through a tube O, shown by Drawing No. 1, into the second
cistern and fill it also to the proper level. This second cistern is likewise
fitted with an overflow pipe P, communicating with the lower part of the
base cistern, so that when the second cistern is filled up to the proper
level the overflow is continued into the base cistern. This base cistern
communicates with the cylinder Q by apertures or openings R, as shown
by Drawing No. 2, so that this cylinder Q will become filled equally with
the base cistern. The level in the base cistern and the flow of the fluid
or.compounds is regulated by the floater or ball H, rod G, and lever F,
and ball-cock E, as shown by Drawing No. 2, and as soon as the fluid
or compound in the base cistern will have reached its proper level, then
the floater or ball H will have risen and shut off the ball-cock E. The
said cylinder Q in the apparatus is so constructed as to exclude the gas,
thereby ensuring the free working of the floater or ball-cock and ball.
The overflow tubes referred to are fixed in the concave niche S of the
apparatus, as shown by Drawing No. 1. The cistern or cisterns M
referred to are fitted with guages T or registering arrangement, as shown
by Drawing No. 1, by which the height of the fluid in the cistern or
cisterns can always be seen. These guages may be constructed in any
convenient manner, and will be fixed in the concave niche S of the
apparatus, as shewn by Drawing No. 1. But in general the construction
of these guages may be in this way as described before, viz., on the top
is fixed a stop-cock with sockets, and on the stop-cock is fitted an elbow

page_text: piece with sockets and connection in order to fasten the glass tube. On
the bottom is fixed a stop-cock with sockets, and on the stop-cock is
fitted a T piece. One end of the T piece is fitted with sockets and con-
nection in order to fasten the glass tube, and the other end of the
T piece is fitted with a screw cap. On each of the cisterns referred to
is a connecting tube U with a stop-cock in order to draw off from
cistern to cistern the entire quantity of the fluid or compound contained
therein till it comes into the base cistern of the apparatus and is con-
veyed through 'the aforesaid apertures or openings Rinto the cylinder Q,"
on the base of which, outside a bib-cock or stop-cock V is fixed with a
screw cap through which the entire quantity of the fluid or compound*
can be drawn off if convenient. Each of these connecting tubes U, with'
the requisite stop-cock, 'is fixed in the concave niche S between cistern"
and cistern, as shewn by Drawing No. 1. The concave niche S referred
to is in front of my apparatus, and is enclosed by doors, as shown by
Drawings No. 1 and No. 3.
In the centre of the apparatus is fixed the cylinder Q, as shown by
Drawings Nos. 1, 2, and ‍3, and between the cylinder Q and the concave.
niche S'is fixed a partition W running vertically the height of the cistern
or cisterns, as shown by Drawing No. 3. Underneath in continuance
of the cylinder Q is a cylindrically shaped block X of the same internal
diameter as the cylinder itself in support thereof.
In order to use my apparatus the gas from the ordinary gasometer or
gas meter, or reservoir, or gases or vapours, or mixtures thereof, from
any source, enters by a tube Y, as shown by Drawing No. 1, into the
basc cistern M of the apparatus containing the substances for its enrich-
ment, and passes over or through the substances thereof, as shown by
Drawings Nos. 2 and 3. After it has traversed the surface of the
substance it then leaves the 'base cistern by a connecting tube a, as
shown by Drawing No. 1, and enters into the second cistern' M and
traverses the surface of the substance contained therein in like manner,
after which it leaves by a connecting tube b, as shown by Drawing No. 1;'
and enters into the upper or top cistern M, and after passing through
this or over its contents it passes out by a tube Z, as shewn by Drawing
'No. 1, and is then ready for consumption.
On each of the aforesaid inlet and outlet gas tubes Y and Z is a stop
cock fixed as shown by Drawing: No. 1.
:
J

page_text: "
.
On the top of the apparatus are two apertures c and d, each fitted
with a valve and a screw cap, as shown by Drawing No. 1. One is for
the purpose of taking in the suitable fluid or compound and the other
for the purpose of allowing the oscape of the atmospheric air. Theso
two apertures, each with a valve and a screw cap, are for the purpose, if
more convenient, of filling the apparatus previous to working it in the
first-instance, after which it is complete, being self-working. e is tho
cylinder door, as shewn by Drawing No. 1, which when open shows a
closely fitted cover f, as shown by Drawing No. 2. This closely fitted
cover f can be removed if convenient in order to give access to the
internal arrangements in the cylinder Q, such as the ball cock and ball
arrangement contained therein. 9 are brackets for supporting the
apparatus and reservoir, as shown by Drawings Nos. 1 and 2.
.
. I now show a second form of feeding my apparatus from the reservoir
by means of a horizontal ball-cock and ball arrangement instead of a
vertical. I refer to the Drawing No. 4 in which such a horizontal ball-
cock and ball arrangement is to be seen.
The suitable fluid or compound is conveyed from the reservoir A
through the funnel or hopper L to the ball-cock E, and is brought up by
a conducting tube "h" into the upper or top cistern M.
The construction and the use of my apparatus is in all other respects
just the same as herein-before described and shown by Drawings Nos. 1,
2, and 3.
Additionally I now show another form of construction for my
apparatus.
Sometimes it is not convenient to have the apparatus of as high a
form as shown in Drawings Nos. 1, 2, 3, and 4, because of its height,
and sufficient room or space might not be found for it. In this case I
construct an apparatus of less height, but larger on plan, in a spiral
form, as shown by Drawings Nos. 5, 6, and 7. By this arrangement,
instead of sending the gas vertically from cistern to cistern, as shown in
the Drawings Nos. 1, 2, 3, and 4, I construct the cistern of my apparatus
in a spiral or volute form, as shewn by Drawings Nos. 5 and 6 and 7,
which form in many cases where the height of the room is too limited
will be found adaptable.
.
A is the reservoir to be filled with the suitable fluid or compound,
which reservoir can be placed on the top of the apparatus. or if more

page_text: convenient at any distance from it. On the top of such reservoir A aro
the two apertures B and C, each with a valve and a screw cap; one is for
the purpose of taking in the suitable fluid or compound and the other
is for the purpose of allowing the escape of the atmospheric air. Dis
the small aperture with protector and raised cover fitted with a wire
strainer inside to admit the atmospheric air necessary for: the free
working of the floater or ball-cock and ball E, F, H; (as shown by
Drawing No. 6) which are fitted in the cylinder Q. The said cylinder Q
in the apparatus is in this form of feeding also so constructed as to
exclude the gas, thereby insuring the free working of the floater or ball
cock and ball. In front of the said reservoir. A. is the concave niche I;
from top to bottom, enclosed by the door, as shewn by Drawing No. 5,
in which there is the gauge K.fitted to indicate the height of the fluid
in the reservoir. Underneath the reservoir A is fixed the funnel or
hopper L fitted with the required tube, T..piece, and three stop.cocks.
This is for the purpose of conveying the suitable fluid or compound into
the apparatus as required, as shown by Drawing No. 6. The cistern M
is fitted with a spiral partition or volute, and will be understood by
inspecting the Drawings Nos. 6 and 7.
۱۹
Drawing No. 6 shows the section of the spiral partition or volute, and
Drawing No. 7 shows the plan of the same.
+
The supply of the suitable fluid or compound for such spiral cistern,
is regulated by the said floater or ball-cock and ball arrangement E, F, H,
as shown in Drawing No. 6. The one end of the said T piece N fixed
on the funnel or hopper L is fitted with a stop-cock and screw cap for
the purpose of drawing off if convenient the entire quantity of the fluid
from the said reservoir A, as shown by Drawings Nos. 5 and 6. elis the
door on the cylinder Q, as shewn by Drawing No. 5, which door when
open shows the closely fitted cover f, as shewn by Drawing. No. 6. This:
closely fitted cover of can be removed if convenient in order to giver
access to the internal arrangement in the said cylinder, Q, such as the
ball-cock and ball arrangement contained therein. "" are the brackets,
for supporting the apparatus and reservoir, as shown by Drawings Nos. 5
and 6.
t
T
.1. a),
..
. On the top of the apparatus are two apertures, cach with a valve and
a screw cap c and d, as shown by Drawing, No. 5. ¡One, is for 'the,
munnace of filling the annaratus with the suitable fluid
compounds

page_text: the number of these compartments corresponding to the number of
cisterns contained in the apparatus..
Each of the compartments in the reservoir has two apertures, cach
fitted with a valve and a screw cap B. and C. On each of the com-
partments is fixed a gauge K to indicate the height of the fluid contained
therein. These gauges may be constructed in any convenient manner,
and will be fixed in the concave niche I of the reservoir A. referred to.
One is for the purpose of filling the compartment with the suitable fluid
or compound, and the other is for the purpose of allowing the escape of
the atmospheric air. In this present instance there are three cisterns M
in, the apparatus, as shewn by Drawings Nos. 8 and 9, and thereforo
three compartments n, o, and p are made in the reservoir A. On the
bottom of each of these compartments n, o, and p is fixed a conducting
tube with stop-cock. On each of these conducting tubes 7 is fixed a
lateral tube or elbow picce m. This lateral tube or elbow picce m opens
into its respective cistern M, and is fixed thereon. Under each of these
lateral tubes or clbow pieces m is fixed a stop-cock with a screw cap, for
the purpose of conveniently emptying the entire contents of the com-.
partments. The suitable fluid or compound in the compartment of the
reservoir A will flow from the compartment into the cistern of the
apparatus through the conducting tube at such times as the suitable
fluid or compound in the cistern does not cover and seal the opening of
the lateral tube or elbow piece m, so that to regulate the automatical
supply in any of the cisterns I have to fit thereto such a conducting;
tube 1, and connect it with a compartment of the reservoir. For
example, elevation Drawing No. 8, the compartment of the reservoir A
marked n is in communication with the upper cistern M by the
conducting tube provided with stop-cocks, and with a lateral tube or:
elbow piece m opening into this upper cistern at that point which.
represents the proper level of the substance contained therein. The
compartment of the reservoir A marked o is in communication with the
second cistern M by the next conducting tube 7 provided with stop-
cocks, and with a lateral tube or elbow piece m opening into this second
cistern at that point which represents the proper level of the substance
contained therein. The compartment of the reservoir A marked p is in
communication with the base cistern M by the last conducting tube 1,.
provided with stop-cocks, and with a lateral tube or elbow,piece m
opening into this base cistern at that point which represents the proper
level of the substance contained therein.

page_text: 1
Should the level of the substance in the cistern or cisterns fall below
their proper level by consumption, then the portion of the fluid so
consumed will replace itself from the compartments of the reservoir A
until the mouth of the lateral tube or elbow piece m is covered by the
substance, when no more will descend.
It will be seen by the Drawings, Nos. 8 and 9, that the cylinder Q of
the apparatus does not stand out from the bottom; this arises from the
fact that no floater or ball-cock and ball arrangement being applied in
the cylinder space is gained.
It will further be seen by the Drawings Nos. 8 and 9 that the
reservoir A is placed close on the top of the apparatus; this arises also
from the fact that no floater or ball-cock and ball arrangement being
applied in the cylinder Q a further and considerable space is thereby
gained. The cylinder Q in the apparatus is in this form of feeding also
so constructed as to exclude the gas. In front of this apparatus is the
concave niche S, with doors, in which all the aforesaid tubes, fittings,.
and gauges are fixed, as shown by elevation Drawing No. 8. This
apparatus is, for example, surrounded by a casing q, as shewn by the
Drawing No. 9, containing fire-resisting materials and non-conducting
substances to guard against sudden alternations of heat and cold.
In order to use the apparatus the gas from the ordinary gasometer,
or gas meter, or reservoir, or gases, or vapours, or mixtures thereof
from any source, enters by the inlet gas tube Y, as shown by Drawings
Nos. 1 and 8, into the base cistern M of the apparatus containing the
substances for its enrichment, and passes over or through the substance
thereof, as shown by Drawings Nos. 3 and 9. After it has traversed the
surface of the substance it then leaves the base cistern by the connecting
tube a, as shown by Drawings Nos. 1 and 8, and enters into the second
cistern M, and traverses the surface of the substance contained therein
in like manner, after which it leaves by the connecting tube b, as shown
by Drawings Nos. 1 and 8, and enters into the top cistern M, and after
passing through this, or over its contents, it passes out by the outer
gas tube Z, as shown by Drawing No 8, and is then ready for
comsumption. On each of the aforesaid inlet and outlet gas tubes
Y and Z is a stop-cock, fixed as shewn by Drawing No. 8.
With the exception of the said alterations, as regards the form of
feeding the cistern or cisterns of the apparatus from the reservoir, I

page_text: may mention that this system of the apparatus, as shown by Drawings
Nos. 8 and 9 is in all other respects the same as herein-before described,
as shown by Drawings Nos. 1, 2, 3, and 4. However by these means of
feeding the cistern or cisterns automatically upon the pneumatic
principle, as shown by Drawing 8, the overflow tubes O and P, as
shown in Drawing No. 1, can be dispensed with.
1
"
I do not cofine myself to one cistern nor to three cisterns, as shown
by my Drawings, since it is evident that I may multiply these cisterns'
to any extent when necessary, as in cases where larger volumes of gas
or vapour have to be enriched by this system. Nor do I confine myself
to make the gas or vapour space in the cistern or cisterns of the same
capacity, as shown by my Drawings, as it is evident that I have to.
construct it in accordance with the size of the apparatus required.
The apparatus and reservoir can be made of any kind of suitable
metal, such as zinc, or tin plates, or galvanized iron plates, or of any
kind of carthenware, cement, stone, or brickwork. My apparatus and
reservoir will be generally constructed in a round or cylindrical form,
as shown by my Drawings, but I do not confine myself to this round
or cylindrical shape, as I can make my apparatus and reservoir also on
a rectangular, or oval, or parabolical plan..
I may mention again that I adopt my improved apparatus for any
_gases or vapours, or mixtures thereof, whereby I communicate a
large illuminating power to them, over and above any they may in
themselves possess, such as water gas, made by passing steam over red-
hot charcoal or coke, as well as the ordinary coal gas. The size of the
cistern or cisterns and their cubical capacity will therefore be
determined by the amount and the kind of the gas or vapour to be:
operated upon, and further by the specific gravity of the suitable fluid
or compound employed for enrichment of the gas or vapour. The
proper quantity of the fluid or compound in the cistern or cisterns is"
to be regulated either by the said vertical or the said horizontal
floater or ball-cock and ball arrangement, or also automatically upon'
the pneumatic fountain principle, as shewn by my Drawings and
herein-before described. But it can be regulated by hand, when more
convenient, with a small apparatus of this description.
No heat whatever is applied or necessary for the working of mi

page_text: A. Reservoir filled with the suitable fluid or compound.
a. Connecting gas tube for bringing the gas or vapour from the base
cistern into the second cistern.
B. Aperture with valve and screw cap for filling the reservoir with
the suitable fluid or compound.
b. Connecting gas tube for bringing the gas or vapour from the second
cistern into the upper or top cistern.
C. Aperture with valve and screw cap for allowing the escape of the
atmospheric air from the reservoir while filling it.
c. Aperture with valve and screw cap for filling apparatus with the
suitable fluid or compound.
D. Small aperture with protector and raised cover, fitted with a wire
strainer inside to admit the atmospheric air necessary for the free
working of the floater or ball-cock and ball placed in the cylinder.
d. Aperture with valve and screw cap for allowing the escape of the
atmospheric air from the apparatus while filling it.
e. Doors in cylinder for inspecting internal arrangements.
a. Brackets for supporting the annaratus and reservoir

page_text: I. Concave niche with door in reservoir.
K. Gauge fixed in the concave niche of the reservoir to indicate the
height of the fluid therein.
L. Funnel or hopper with tube, stop cocks, and fittings to supply
apparatus with the fluid.
N. T piece fixed on funnel or hopper with. stop-cock and screw cap
for drawing off the entire fluid from the reservoir if convenient.
O. Overflow tube fixed in the concave niche of the apparatus to carry
off the surplus fluid from top cistern into the second cistern.
P. Overflow tube fixed in the concave niche of the apparatus to carry
off the surplus fluid from the second cistern into the base cistern, and
thence into the cylinder.
Q. Cylinder of apparatus free from gas.
S. Concave niche with doors in apparatus.
T. Gauges fixed in the concave niche of the apparatus to indicate the
height of fluid contained in the respective cisterns.
U. Connecting tubes with stop-cocks fixed in the concave niche of
the apparatus between cistern and cistern in order if convenient to draw
off into the cylinder from cistern to cistern the whole of the fluid
contained therein.
V. Bib-cock or stop-cock with screw cap fixed outside on the base of
the cylinder for drawing off if convenient the entire quantity of fluid
contained in the cylinder.
Y. Inlet gas tube with stop-cock and connection for conducting the
gas or vapour into the base cistern of the apparatus.
Z. Outlet gas tube with stop-cock fixed on the top cistern of the
apparatus for discharging the prepared gas into the supply pipes for
consumption.

page_text: f. Horizontal closely fitted cover in cylinder.
G. Connecting rod forming connexion between lever and floater or
ball.
g. Brackets for supporting apparatus and reservoir.
H. Floater or ball.
•
L. Funnel or hopper with tube, stop-cocks, and fittings to supply
apparatus with the fluid.
M. Basc cistern of apparatus partly filled with the fluid.
M. Second cistern of the apparatus partly filled with the fluid.
M. Top cistern of apparatus partly filled with the fluid.
N. T piece fixed on funnel or hopper with stop-cock and screw cap
for drawing off the entire fluid from reservoir if convenient.
Q. Cylinder of apparatus free from gas.
R. Apertures on cylinder for letting off the fluid from the base cistern
into the cylinder of the apparatus.

page_text: K. Gauge fixed in the concave niche of the reservoir to indicate the
height of the fluid contained in the reservoir..
L. Funnel or hopper with tube, stop-cocks, and fittings for supplying
the apparatus with the fluid.
N. T piece fixed on funnel or hopper with stop-cock and screw cap
for drawing off the entire fluid from reservoir if convenient.
Q. Cylinder of apparatus free from gas.
T. Guage fixed in the angular niche of apparatus to indicate the
height of fluid contained in the spiral cistern.
V. Bib-cock or stop-cock with screw cap fixed outside on the base of
the cylinder for drawing off the entire quantity of the fluid from the
apparatus if convenient.
Y. Inlet gas tube with stop-cock and connection for conducting the
gas or vapour into the spiral cistern of the apparatus.
Z. Outlet gas tube with stop-cock for discharging the prepared gas
from the apparatus into the supply pipe for consumption.

page_text: A. Reservoir air-tight and divided into three compartments filled with
the suitable fluid or compound.
a. Gas connecting tube for bringing the gas or vapour from the base.
cistern into the second cistern.
B Apertures each with a valve and a screw cap for filling, tho-com-
partment with the suitable fluid or compound.
• alti
b. Gas connecting tube for bringing the gas from the second cistern
into the upper or top cistern.
C. Apertures each' with a valve and a screw cap for allowing the
escape of the atmospheric air while filling the compartment with the
fluid.
Moo Lug deal
I. Concave niche with door in reservoir...
to
indicate the
P.L
K. Gauges fixed in the concave niche of reservoir
height of the fluid contained in the respective compartments.
7. Connecting tubes, each of them fitted with a stop-cock and connec-
''t
tion on the top, and a stop-cock with screw cap on the bottom. valent
m. Lateral tube or elbow picce fixed on the connecting tube 7, and
leading into its respective cistern.
n. Compartment filled with the suitable fluid or compound.
o. Compartment filled with the suitable fluid or compound.
p. Compartment filled with the suitable fluid or compound.
S. Concave niche with doors in apparatus.
✓✓
P
10 N
T., Gauges fixed in the concave niche of apparatus, to indicate the
height of the fluid contained in the respective cisterns.
C
B

page_text: conclusion that what I consider novel and original, and therefore claim
as constituting my said Invention is, the construction, combination, and
arrangement of apparatus, substantially as and for the purposes herein-
before described and set forth.
In witness whereof, I, the said Ludolph Seegers, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Twenty-third day of October, in
the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-
three.
frangement of apparatus, subsuviany as and for the purposes mercin
before described and set forth.
In witness whereof, I, the said Ludolph Seegers, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Twenty-third day of October, in
the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-
three.