Improvements in or relating to Biscuit Cutting or Forming Machines.
Year: 1892

page_text: Date of Application, 30th Aug., 1892
Complete Specification Left, 30th May, 1893-Accepted, 1st July, 1893
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in or relating to Biscuit Cutting or Forming
Machines.
We, JOSEPH ALLEN BAKER, and GEORGE SAMUEL BAKER, of 58 City Road,
n the City of London, Engineers, do hereby declare the nature of this invention
to be as follows:-
This invention relates to any type of biscuit cutting or forming machine wherein
the dough is fed continuously forward and the cut or "shaped" dough (hereinafter
referred to as shapes") is deposited on wire frames, trays, pans or equivalent
devices whereon the biscuits are subsequently baked.
<<
In the ordinary construction these trays are moved forward step by step, by the
feed motion to receive the "shapes" and when two adjacent edges or margins of
two trays are beneath the part at which the "shapes" are deposited on the trays,
the latter are moved by the "skip motion" to an extent generally greater than
that provided for by the feed. This is usually provided for by a one-toothed
ratchet wheel which is rotated by the feed until the tooth is within reach of the
pawl at which time said pawl engages it and moves the feed gear to the extent
necessary to move the before mentioned margins quickly past the part where the
shapes" are deposited on the trays.
CC
This invention pertains particularly to the "skip motion" and has for its
principal object to enable said motion to be adjusted without stopping the machine
as has hitherto generally been necessary.
"
In a machine constructed according to this invention the shaft on which are
mounted the pitch wheels operating the tray-delivering-pitch-chains has the feed
motion at one end and the " skip motion
at the other end, both operated from the
same rocking shaft. This rocking shaft is operated from any suitable device such
as a lever, crank, eccentric or equivalent by means of a connecting rod or link
pivotted to a block adjustable, preferably by means of a screw, in an arm secured
on the shaft and to which block is also pivotted the rod or link by which the
necessary motion is transmitted to the feed gear. By varying the position of the
block in the arm the amplitude of the working of the "skip motion
adjusted without affecting the feed motion.
"
may be
The one-toothed-ratchet-wheel is mounted loosely upon its shaft but may he
clamped against a toothed wheel itself secured on the shaft, preferably by means of
a nut screwed on the end of the shaft and constructed preferably in the form of a
hand wheel. The contiguous faces of the toothed and ratchet wheels may be
formed with frictional ribs and grooves to facilitate this clamping.
In the ratchet wheel is eccentrically mounted a shaft on which are rigidly
secured two spur wheels, one gearing with the first named toothed wheel and the
other with a pinion provided with a hand wheel, both pinion and hand wheel being
interposed between the nut and ratchet wheel.
By this arrangement while the machine is in motion the nut may be slackened
and the pinion-carrying-hand-wheel may be rotated so that by the purchase obtained
through the eccentrically carried spur wheels on the fast tooth wheel, the ratchet
wheel may be rotated in either direction to vary the position of its tooth in relation
to the feed, after which the nut is again tightened to secure the ratchet wheel on
its shaft.
It will be understood that all the details requisite for carrying out this invention
cannot be set forth in this Provisional Specification, these are reserved for their

page_text: proper place in the Complete Specification. Modifications in the parts described
may be made without departing from the spirit of this invention.
Dated this 30th day of August 1892
W. P. THOMPSON & BOULT,
Agents for the Applicants.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in or relating to Biscuit Cutting or Forming
Machines.
We, JOSEPH ALLEN BAKER, and GEORGE SAMUEL BAKER, of 58 City Road,
in the City of London, Engineers, do hereby declare the nature of this invention,
and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement:-
This invention relates to any type of biscuit cutting or forming machine wherein
the dough is fed continuously forward and the cut or "shaped" dough (hereinafter
referred to as 66
shapes") is deposited on wire frames, trays, pans, or equivalent
devices whereon the biscuits are subsequently baked.
"
In the ordinary construction these trays are moved forward step by step, by the
feed motion to receive the "shapes" and when two adjacent edges or margins of
two trays are beneath the part at which the "shapes are deposited on the trays
the latter are moved by the "skip motion" to an extent generally greater than that
provided by the regular feed. This is usually effected by a one-toothed ratchet
wheel which is rotated by the feed until the tooth is within reach of the pawl at
which time the pawl engages it and moves the feed gear to the extent necessary to
move the before mentioned margins quickly past the part where the "shapes" are
deposited on the trays.
This invention pertains particularly to the "skip motion" and has for its
principal object to enable that motion to be adjusted without stopping the machine
as has hitherto generally been necessary.
In a machine constructed according to this invention the shaft on which are
mounted the pitch wheels operating the tray-delivering-pitch-chains has the feed
motion at one end and the "skip motion at the other end, both operated from
the same rocking shaft. This rocking shaft is operated from any suitable device
such as a lever, crank, eccentric or equivalent by means of a connecting rod or
link pivotted to a block adjustable, preferably by means of a screw, in an arm
secured on the shaft to which block is also pivotted the rod or link by which the
necessary motion is transmitted to the feed gear. By varying the position of the
block in the arm the amplitude of the working of the "skip motion
adjusted without materially affecting the feed motion.
"
may be
The one-toothed-ratchet wheel is mounted loosely upon its shaft but may be
clamped against a toothed wheel itself secured on the shaft, say by means of a nut
screwed on the end of the shaft and constructed preferably in the form of a hand
wheel. The contiguous faces of the toothed and ratchet wheels may be formed
with frictional ribs and grooves to facilitate this clamping.
In the ratchet wheel is eccentrically mounted a shaft on which are rigidly secured
two spur wheels, one gearing with the first named toothed wheel and the other
with a pinion provided with a hand wheel, both pinion and hand wheel being
interposed between the nut and ratchet wheel.
By this arrangement while, the machine is in motion the nut may be slackened
and the pinion-carrying-hand-wheel may be rotated so that by the purchase
obtained through the eccentrically-carried spur wheels on the fast tooth wheel, the
ratchet wheel may be rotated in either direction to vary the position of its tooth in
relation to the feed, after which the nut is again tightened to secure the ratchet
wheel on its shaft.

page_text: In the accompanying drawings :-
Figure 1 is a diagram showing the means for adjusting the operation of the "skip
motion" in relation to that of the feed motion.
"
Figure 2 is an end clevation of part of the machine showing the "skip motion
which latter is shown in side elevation in Fig. 3, and in Fig. 4 in longitudinal section
on line 4-4 of Fig. 3.
Like letters indicate like parts throughout the drawings.
Referring to Figure 1, A represents the shaft on which are mounted the pitch-
wheels A operating the tray-delivering-pitch chains A². On one end of the shaft
is mounted the "skip motion" B which essentially consists of a one-toothed ratchet
wheel C and a rocking lever D pivotted on shaft A and to one end of which is
pivotted a pawl D₁ the other end being connected by a pin D2 and connecting rod
or link E with an arm Frigidly secured to a rocking shaft F.
The pin D² as shown in Figures 2 and 3 may be made adjustable in the lever D.
by constructing it in the form of a block or nut G which, by means of a screw G¹
and hand wheel G2 may be moved along the slot D³ of lever D so as to be nearer
to or farther from the shaft A and thereby increase or decrease the amplitude of
the oscillations of shaft A in relation to those of the rocking shaft F. (Fig. 1).
On the end of shaft A opposite to that on which is mounted the "skip motion "B
is fitted the feed motion H which may consist of the ordinary ratchet wheel H
secured on shaft A, pawl H2 and a rocking lever H³ preferably similar in
construction to that of the lever D, having a pin or block D' adjustable by a
screw G in a slot D³ of lever H³. The rod or link E' pivotted at one end to this
last named pin or block D² is pivotted at its other end to a similar pin or block 11
similarly adjustable in an arm rigidly secured on the rocking shaft F and to this
pin or block I is also pivotted the eccentric or other rod, link or equivalent, J,
through which motion is transmitted to the feed mechanism H and rocking shaft F
and through the latter to the "skip motion " B. In the drawing J is represented
as an eccentric rod. By this apparatus it will be seen that by adjusting the position
of the pin or block in the arm I the amplitude of the working of the "skip
motion may be adjusted to provide for the making of a longer or shorter move-
ment of the trays when their margins are at the part where the "shapes are
deposited on the trays, without materially affecting the regular feed motion of the
trays.
"
The apparatus for enabling the "skip motion " to be adjusted as regards its
period of operation relatively to the positions of the tray margins, without stopping
the machine consists of the mechanism shown in Figs. 2, 3 and 4.
In these figures
the one-toothed-ratchet-wheel C is represented as mounted loosely on the shaft A
and provided with an annular frictional rib C and with a shaft C² carried
eccentrically therein C3 being the tooth. The wheel C may conveniently have
side or face flanges C as shown in Figures 3 and 4 for shielding the gearing Co C
K and L hereinafter described. K is a spur wheel rigidly secured, as by a key K',
on the shaft A and provided with an annular groove K² corresponding in shape
with that of the frictional rib C' which is adapted to fit therein as shown in
Figure 4. On the shaft C² are secured two spur wheels C C the former
(preferably smaller than the latter), gearing with K and the latter gearing with a
pinion L which is preferably smaller than K and conveniently formed as a part of
a boss or sleeve L' mounted loosely on a reduced portion of the shaft A and
provided with a hand wheel rim or equivalent L². The outer end A' of the shaft A
is screw-threaded and has on it a nut M which constitutes the boss of a hand
wheel. M' and to prevent this nut from coming off the screw Aª a collar A* is fixed
on the extreme end of shaft A.
The apparatus shown in Figures 2 and 4 is represented as if tightened up that is
to say with the ratchet wheel C made fast to the shaft A. When it is desired to
adjust the "skip motion" by means of this apparatus the nut M is unscrewed from
against the outer end of the sleeve L' so that the pressure. of the inner end of L'L

page_text: against the ratchet wheel C is relaxed, and the ratchet wheel is thereby free on the
shaft A. The hand wheel L² is then turned in the desired direction and by the
purchase obtained on the wheel K through the wheels C³ C and pinion L
the ratchet wheel is also caused to turn on shaft A. so that its tooth C³ is moved
backwards or forwards. After this the nut M is again tightened against L' which
jams the ratchet wheel C against K which, being fixed on the shaft A, then
prevents the ratchet wheel C from being independently rotated on the shaft A.
The before described apparatus may be modified without departing from the
essential features of the invention; for example the mechanism shown in
Figures 2, 3 and 4, may be used in conjunction with feed-operating mechanism
other than that shown in Figure 1. The drawings however represent the
arrangement which we prefer to use.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what we
claim is ;-
1. In a machine such as described in which the feed and " skip" motions are
connected to the same rocking shaft adjusting at the same operation the amplitude
of the working of the rocking shaft and "skip motion" without materially affecting
that of the feed motion.
2. In a machine such as described the combination with shaft A and feed and
"skip "motions thereon of a rocking shaft operating the "skip" motion so
connected to the feed motion that the amplitude of the working of the rocking shaft
and "skip" motion may at the same operation be adjusted without materially
affecting that of the feed motion substantially as described.
3. In a machine such as described the combination with shaft A and feed and
"skip" motions thereon of a rocking shaft and its actuating rod connected directly
to both the rocking shaft and feed motion substantially as described.
4. In a machine such as described the combination with a shaft A and feed and
"skip" motions thereon of a rocking shaft such as F actuating rod J and feed
motion-operating-rod such as E¹ jointed to J by a pin or block such as I' adjustable
in the arm I for the purpose of enabling the amplitude of the working of the rocking
shaft and "skip" motion to be adjusted without materially affecting that of the
feed motion substantially as described and illustrated in Figure 1 of the
accompanying drawings.
5. The combination and arrangement of parts constituting the complete feed and
skip motion operating mechanism substantially as described and illustrated in
Figure 1 of the accompanying drawings.
6. In a machine such as described a concentrically operated ratchet-wheel-
loosening-adjusting-and-tightening device substantially as described.
7. In a machine such as described the combination with a shaft A and ratchet
wheel such as C of a spur wheel such as K fixed on the shaft A two spur
wheels C C carried eccentrically by the ratchet wheel and a spur pinion such as L
substantially as and for the purpose described and illustrated in the accompanying
drawings.
8. In a machine such as described the combination with a shaft A having a screw-
threaded end of a ratchet wheel such as C C¹ C³ spur wheels such as K K C
C and L shaft C2 sleeve L' hand wheel or rim L² thereon and nut such as M M
substantially as described and illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
· Dated this 30th day of May 1893.
GEORGE SAMUEL BAKER.
W. P. Thompson & Boult,
Agents for the Applicants.