IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF STEAM SHIPS, SAILING SHIPS, BOATS, AND OTHER VESSELS FOR SEA OR INLAND NAVIGATION. THE SAID IMPROVEMENTS BEING FOR THE PURPOSE OF FACILITATING THE QUICK STEERING OR MANEUVRING OF SUCH VESSELS
Year: 1866

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Johann Heinrich Grell, of the City of Hamburg,
for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF STEAM SHIPS,
SAILING SHIPS, BOATS, AND OTHER VESSELS FOR SEA OR INLAND NAVIGATION.
THE SAID IMPROVEMENTS BEING FOR THE PURPOSE OF FACILITATING THE QUICK
STEERING OR MANEUVRING OF SUCH VESSELS."
Sealed the 16th April 1867, and dated the 13th December 1866.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Johann Heinrich Grell at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
13th December 1866.
I, JOHANN HEINRICH GRELL, of the City of Hamburg, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF
STEAM SHIPS, SAILING SHIPS, BOATS, AND OTHER VESSELS FOR SEA OR INLAND
NAVIGATION, THE SAID IMPROVEMENTS BEING FOR THE PURPOSE OF FACILITATING
THE QUICK STEERING OR MANEUVRING OF SUCH VESSELS," to be as follows:-
My improvements consist in so constructing the keel of vessels that in it
are formed square or other shaped openings, and in one or more or all of
these openings I swing a rudder or rudders, the vertical spindle or spindles
of which pass upwards into the vessel, and may be then operated by hand or
by hydraulic or steam steering gear. The rudders may be worked inde-
pendently, or may be geared and worked together. I propose to use these
rudders either in substitution for or in addition to the ordinary rudders; I
also propose to use the openings in the keel with or without the swinging or

page_text: other rudders therein, the object of using the openings in some cases without
the rudders being to lessen the resistance to the vessels quickly turning
round.
In order that the nature of my Invention and the means by which I effect
the same maybe clearlyunderstood I append to this Provisional Specification,
for the purpose of illustration, a Drawing representing the stern or after part
of a ship with my Invention applied thereto; though I propose also to
applymy Inventionin that portion of thekeelforward or in other places along
the line of keel if found convenient.
In this Drawing the openings are denoted by the letters a, a, the rudders
are marked b, b, the rudder spindles c, c, and at the places marked d are
stuffing boxes for the purpose of making tight joints and preventing the entry
of water into the vessel.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Johann Heinrich Grell in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
12th June 1867.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOHANN
HEINRICH GRELI., of the City of Hamburgh, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Thirteenth day of December, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-seven, in the thirty-first year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said Johann Heinrich Grell, Her special' licence that I, the said Johann Heinrich
Grell, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the
said Johann Heinrich Grell, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should
at any time agree with, and no. others, from time to time and at all times
thereafter duringthe term therein expressed, should and lawfullymight make,
use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF STEAM SHIPS, SAILING SHIPS, BOATS, AND OTHER
VESSELS FOR SEA OR INLAND NAVIGATION; THE SAID IMPROVEMENTS BEING FOR THE
PURPOSE OF FACILITATING THE QUICK STEERING OR MANOEUVRING OF SUCH VESSELS,"
upon the condition (amongst others) that 1, the said Johann Heinrich Grell, my
executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their,
or one of theirhands andseals, should particularlydescribe and ascertain the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be per-

page_text: formed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within
six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that 1, the said Johann Heinrich Grell, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to beparticularlydescribed andascertained in and bythe following
statement, that is to say:-
My improvemements consist in so constructing the keel of vessels that in it
are formed square or other shaped openings, and in one or more or all of
these openings I swing a rudder or rudders, the vertical spindle or spindles
of which pass upwards into the vessel, and may be there operated by hand or
by hydraulic or steam steering gear. The rudders may be worked inde-
pendently or may be geared and worked together. I propose to use these
rudders either in substitution for or in addition to the ordinary rudder; I also
propose to use the openings in the keel with or without the swinging or other
rudders therein; the object of using the openings in some cases without
the rudders being to lessen the resistance to the vessels quickly turning
round.
In order that the nature of my Invention and the means by which I effect
the same may be clearly understood I append to this Specification a Sheet
of Drawings having figures and letters of reference marked thereupon, the
like letter being used to denote a similar or corresponding part in each
Figure.
Figure 1 in the Drawings represents the stern or after portion, and Figure 2
the stem or forward portion of a vessel with my Invention applied thereto.
In these Figures the openings are denoted by the letters a, a, the rudders
are marked b, b, the rudder spindles c, c, and d, d, are stuffing boxes for the
purpose of making tight joints and preventing the entry of water into the
vessel. I propose to introduce these openings at any convenient place along
the line of keel if found advantageous.
In Figure 1 in the Drawings is shown one mode of connecting and
working together the rudders by means of the shafting e, wheels f, clutch
boxes g, shown in dotted lines. The shaft e may be driven by an auxiliary
engine or by connection with the main engine in a steam ship.
When my Invention is applied in a screw steam ship with a single propeller
whose shaft is in a line directly above the line of keel I may operate the
rudder spindles by an arrangement of worm and tooth wheels in the manner
shown at h in Figures 3 and 4.
Figure 5 shows a mode of working a forward rudder also by worm and

page_text: tooth wheels in cases where the motion cannot be given direct from the
rudder head.
What I claim as my Invention and desire to secure by Letters Patent
i8,―
Firstly, the construction of steamships, sailingships, boats, andother vessels
with keels having openings either with or without rudders therein.
And, secondly, the parts marked a, a, b, b, c, c, d, d, or their mechanical
equivalents when used for the purpose described therein.
In witness whereof, I, the said Johann Heinrich Grell, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Thirteenth day of April, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-seven.
Witnesses,
THOMAS MERITON.
HENRY JOHN MERITON.
JOHANN HEINRICH GRELL. (L.S.)
Steam Ferry Proprietor.