IM-ED PADDLA TYDORADO ADDAMS
Year: 1875

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Jean Maurice Emile Baudot, of Boulevard de
Strasbourg, No. 23, Paris, Engineer, for the Invention of "IM-
DRAKED PADDLA TYDORADO ADDAMS }}
Sealed the 22nd February 1876, and dated the 3rd September 1875.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Jean Maurice Emilo
Baudot at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his
Petition, on the 3rd September 1875.
I, JEAN MAURICE EMILE BAUDOT, of Boulevard de Strasbourg, No. 23,
Paris, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVED ELECTRIC TELEGRAPH APPARATUS," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to a new system of printing telegraph apparatus,
and is based upon the obtaining, by the combination of a small number
of simple effects produced by distinct emissions of currents, of a large
number of different effects sufficing to form the characters and signals
employed in telegraphy. I therefore give my system the name of
multiple printing telegraph.

page_text: The conditions on which the construction and action of my apparatus
rest may be enumerated thus :—
1. To divide the time (T) necessary for the sending of any character
or signal into a certain number of elementary parts, five for example
(P, P, P, t, P³).
2. To produce during these 5 intervals different effects at five emissions
of currents, which will be either of the same intensity and of the same
direction or sense, or of opposite directions or different intensities.
3. To add or group together in two's, three's, and so on, these emissions
of currents, so as to form all the combinations which 5 distinct objects
can give, and thus produce a number of different effects equal to that
of the said combinations.
4. To make the printing of a different character correspond to each
of these effects. Thus with emissions of currents of the same direction
corresponding to the intervals t, t, --ť, a current can be sent during t³]
only, a current during
current during and , a current
and . Thirty-one different effects
during
only, a
only, a current during
will be thus obtained.
a
-
-
If instead of sending currents of the same direction emissions can
be made of both directions, a + current will be sent during tonly, 2
current during t only, a + current during only, a ― current during
only, a + current during t, and + during t², a + current during t¹,
current during t, and + during t. And this
will give 80 combinations. Currents of different intensities can like-
wise be used.
and
-
during t*, a
-
By combining these different means an almost indefinite variety of
different multiple effects can be produced with a very limited number of
simple effects.
At first I thought of realizing these conditions by utilizing 'the
currents sent during ', ---1, to produce different advances of a mover
or body, so as to bring it into a number of different positions equal to
that of the characters to be printed; but I prefer to obtain the desired
results by employing instead of a single mover or body brought into
different positions a determined number of movers or bodies occupying
these same positions, and I either operate these movers or bodies 1
mechanically or I operate electrically the positions themselves. It is

page_text: in accordance with these two ways of applying the principle above
explained that I have devised the two arrangements which I give to
my apparatus, which I call the combiner, and which arrangements I now
proceed to describe.
According to the first arrangement of my apparatus there are (say)
31 pins fixed to the frame by springs which tend to draw them down-
wards, but they are held up by the teeth of one or more of 5 toothed
bars. By moving the first bar (for example) a little longitudinally the
first pin is no longer held up by any tooth, and it can therefore be
depressed by the action of its spring. By similarly moving the second
bar the second pin becomes depressed in like manner. By moving the
first and second bars together the third pin becomes depressed, and so.
on. In short by properly combining the play of the 5 bars any of the
pins may be depressed. The 5 bars are connected with armatures of
ŏ electro-magnets, and a cam holds up the pins during the movement
which the bars perform.
In order to make the printing of a different character correspond with
each pin acted upon it is sufficient to fit to each a rod terminating in
an inclined planc, and to suitably connect the row of inclined planes
with the printing mechanism. It is hardly necessary to mention that
if there are more than 31 characters to be printed it will be necessary
to add a bar which will allow of operating 32 pins more if necessary.
Instead of having the pins arranged in a straight line they may be
arranged in a curve or circle, toothed discs taking the place of the bars.
The printing of a different character for each pin acted upon, would in
this case be as easy to produce as with a Hughes' apparatus actuated by
a local pile. By adopting the arrangements of this apparatus the
passage of the lip of the carriage over the pin acted upon would produce
the lifting of the armature of the electro-magnet, and consequently the
printing of the desired character. By employing Terrel's modification of
the Hughes' apparatus, the printing of the signal corresponding to the pin
acted upon would be effected mechanically by the fact of the passage of
the lip over this pin. In these two latter cases the movement of the bars
or discs has caused a pin to project in the way of the lip of the carriage.
This by rising over the obstacle has produced either an electric contact
or a mechanical movement, the result of which is the printing of the
character which the type wheel then presents to the paper.
This move-
3

page_text: ment of the lip can be produced, but in an inverse direction, by making
the toothed face of the discs themselves the path of the lip, and the lip
sufficiently large to cover all the five at once. In its travel instead of
finding a projecting pin in the space of the teeth it finds an empty
space, and instead of rising it becomes depressed, but its movement can
be utilized for the same purpose. The lip being composed of a spring
style, sliding on the toothed discs, the spaces between the teeth may be
fitted with insulating material, and the discs connected to a pile, and the
lip to the electro-magnet of the apparatus, the magnet of which has been
raised. If the toothed parts are straight bars as first described, the
current of the pile will cease to traverse the electro-magnet during the
rotation of the carriage. But if the first bar is displaced the lip will be
insulated an instant in passing over the space, which will be in the
position occupied by the first pin. The electro-magnet will leave its
armature, and the printing of the corresponding character will be made
as in the ordinary apparatus.
It will be understood that the armatures of the receiving electro-
magnets change mechanically the position of the parts where the current
of a local pile arrives. It will be more simple to direct the current by
the armatures themselves towards one or other of the positions. This is
effected by the second arrangement.
In this second arrangement of my apparatus or combiner the electro-
magnets have a loose armature, such for example as the Siemens'
electro-magnets acting with currents alternately of opposite direction.
Their armature connected to a local pile puts it into communication with
one or other of the studs or abutments between which it oscillates.
These studs are connected to contacts fixed on a cylinder. There
are 6 rows of contacts covering a large part of the circumference
of the cylinder. The first row has 55 contacts; there might be as
many as 63, with six rows; but as to each of them the printing of
a different character can correspond, and even of two characters;
by employing the Hughes' inversion or other analogous process it
will be seen that the number of rows might be reduced to five;
the first row in this latter case would have 31 contacts at most.
All the contacts of one description of the first row are connected to one
stud of the first receiving magnet; all the other contacts of the first row
are connected to the other stud of the same electro-magnet. In like
manner the contacts of the other five rows are similarly connected to the

page_text: studs of the five other receiving magnets. Another single contact is
always connected to the local pile. Suppose now that the contact
cylinder is put in the place of the pin box of the Hughes' apparatus, and
an arm with a spring lip substituted for the carriage, replace the
polarized electro-magnet of this apparatus by an ordinary electro-magnet
and connect it electrically to the said arm.
The electro-magnets of the apparatus will be constantly connected with
the local pile during the whole travel of the lip over the circumference
of the cylinder, and consequently it will retain its armature attracted;
but if the position of one or more of the armatures of the receiving
electro-magnets be changed, the lip will be in a position in which it will
not bear upon any contact connected with the pile, and the electro-
magnet of the apparatus losing its armature will cause the printing of
the character.
I now proceed to describe certain modifications which I make in the
ordinary apparatus, viz., the manipulator, the distributor, and the
commutator in order to adapt them to my system.
The keys of the manipulator are modified in the point of view of
sending currents along the line. The key actuates three springs which
can oscillate between studs; in the position of rest one spring which is
at one end of the key bears against a lower stud, while the other two
springs which are at the other end of the key bear against upper studs;
by pressing the finger on a button the first spring bears upon an upper
stud, and the other two springs upon lower studs.
The first spring of the first key of the manipulator is connected to
the first button of the commutator through the first receiving electro-
magnet; the first spring of the second key of the manipulator is
connected to the second button of the commutator through the second
receiving electro-magnet and so on; the upper stud of the first spring
of each key is connected to the second spring of the preceding key; the
lower stud of the first spring to the third spring of the preceding key;
the upper stud of the second spring to the + pole of a strong pile; the
lower stud of the second spring to the + pole of a weaker pile; the lower
stud of the third spring to the pole of a strong pile; the upper stud
of the third spring to the button of the commutator, which can thus
put this stud to "earth" for reception, or the negative pole of a weaker
pile for transmission. The line will thus be constantly charged either
-

page_text: positively or negatively, and if the piles be well sclected it will always
be equally so.
The distributor is modified in the point of view of the communication
of the line with the transmitter and with the receiver; it possesses a
row of contacts for transmitting, and another row for receiving. By
means of projections, a sliding rod, and screws, these two rows can be
displaced one in relation to the other and be fixed. This arrangement
is necessitated by the appreciable time which a current takes to traverse
rather a long line, which does not permit of confusing the time of
transmitting and receiving. The commutator allows by a single move-
ment of putting the six electro-magnets in communication with either
of the rows of contacts or the distributor. The distributor and the
printing apparatus are actuated by different movers.
The action of the distributor may be regulated as follows:-A quaker
or trembler by preference in the form of an electro diapason sends
successively the current of a pile into an electro-magnet. Opposite the
pole of the latter a lever of soft iron oscillates, which receives this
movement from the motor through the intermediation of a disc with a
sinuous groove in which a pin on the lever works. The movement
given to the disc and consequently to the lever tends to become
accelerated, but as at each oscillation the lever comes in contact with
the pole of the magnet this tends to make it follow the movement of the
trembler. Instead of the trembler regulator a regulator acting with
centrifugal force may be employed.
There are two contacts which servo for correction; in one of the
apparatus the first contact is connected to the pile, and the second is
insulated; in the other which is regulated beforchand the second
contact is connected and the first insulated. The current sent by the
first contact of the first apparatus arrives by the second contact of the
second apparatus in the trembler, and holds its armature a little if
necessary.
To regulate the action of the printing apparatus according to that of
the regulating distributor, a distributor composed of very short contacts
may be fitted to each. The contacts of one of the two distributors are
respectively connected to the symmetrical contacts of the other. The
spring style of the regulating distributor covers several contacts at once,
and is connected to a pile; that of the printing apparatus is connected

page_text: to a break electro-magnet; this will prevent the motor which it actuates
passing beyond that of the regulator, and it will thus follow it to a
division near.
In all cases it will be well to make the contacts of the distributor for
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Jean Maurice Emile Baudot in the Great Seal
Patent Office on the 3rd March 1876.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JEAN
MAURICE EMILE BAUDOT, of Boulevard de Strasbourg, No. 23, Paris,
Engineer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Third day of September, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-six, in the
thirty-ninth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and suc-
cessors, give and grant unto me, the said Jean Maurice Emile Baudot,
Her special licence, that I, the said Jean Maurice Emile Baudot,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the
said Jean Maurice Emile Baudot, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to
time and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed,
should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands,
and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVED ELECTRIC TELEGRAPH
APPARATUS," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said
Jean Maurice Emile Baudot, my executors or administrators, by an
instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and
seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the
said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and
cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said
Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Jean Maurice Emile Baudot, do

page_text: the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascer-
tained in and by the following statement thereof, reference being had
to the accompanying Drawings, that is to say :-
The clectric telegraph apparatus which forms the subject of my
Invention has for object to shew or translate by a distinct printed
character or sign each of the different combinations which can be made
with a certain number of distinct clementary movements obtained at
the extremity of a line.
I will first shew how these distinct elementary movements can be
obtained; then I will explain how it is possible to shew each of their
combinations by a printed character or sign. This part constitutes the
theory of my Invention. When this is well understood it will be easy
to comprehend the mechanical arrangements which I have designed for
carrying out my Invention. I will give these preliminary explanations
with reference to the diagrams shewn at Figures 1 and 1° of Sheet 1 of
the annexed Drawings.
Imagine (see Figure 1) a spring style r connected to the line and
sliding with a uniform movement on a row of metallic contacts c, each
communicating with one of the levers of a manipulator M. At the
corresponding station a similar spring style 71 connected to the line
slides with a movement. equal to the first on a row of like contacts c¹,
cach communicating with one of the electro-magnets a, b, c, d, e. If
the two spring styles proceeding together from the same point are well
in accord it will be easy by pressing upon one or more of the keys of the
manipulator to operate at the other end, the electro-magnets corre-
sponding to these keys.
Call T the time which the spring styles take to pass over a contact.

page_text: -
binations. Suppose now that each of the contacts of the transmitting
station is connected to two keys, one of which in becoming lowered will
send a current and the other a current; that each of the contacts
of the receiving station is connected to two electro-magnets, one of
which acts only under the influence of the + current and the other
under the influence of the -current. Call A the movement produced by
the + current received by the first contact, and A' the movement produced
by the
current received by the same contact; B the movement
produced by the + current received by the second contact, and B' the
movement produced by the current received by this same contact, &c.
-
-
-
We will be able during a time, 3T for example, to produce one of the
movements A, A¹, B, B', C, C', or to combine them together in such
manner as to obtain one of the 26 combinations which Figure 1*
represents. During a time, 4T, we shall have to select from 80 com-
binations.
We have seen how we can obtain at the other end of a line different
moments or movements differentiating the currents sent, whether by
the moment of the emission or by their direction or sense.
We can
also differentiate them by their intensity.
We will now be able to transform cach of the combinations of move-
ments into a simple effect, having for object the printing of a character;
the part or organ which causes this transformation is the "combiner ;
I construct this in either of two ways.
"
According to one way I can command electrically a position chosen
from a number of positions equal to the number of combinations which
can be made with the elementary movements.
According to the other way I can command mechanically a piece
chosen from a number of picces equal to the number of combinations
which can be made with the elementary movements.
The first plan is that to which I give the preference, and is the only
one which I will describe in detail. The electric combiner of this plan
consists of as many circular rows of metallic contacts as there are move-
ments to combine. If there are 5 movements to combine Figure 1
shews us how the contacts ought to be disposed.
The rows A, B, C, D, E, represent a development of the combiner.
The white contacts of the row A are connected together and insulated

page_text: from the back contacts of the same row, which are also connected
together; it is the same with the four other rows. By the intermedia-
tion of the 5 armatures of the electro-magnets a, b, c, d, e, the black
contacts of the 5 rows are connected to a local pile, the white ones are
insulated. The displacement of an armature will put the white contacts
of the row which it commands in communication with the pile and will
insulate the black ones. An arm carrying metallic rubbers R¹, R², R³,
R*, R³, connected to a printing electro-magnet I slides over the whole
length of the combiner. It can be seen that if the 5 armatures are
pressed upon the black abutments the current from the local pile will
cease to pass into the printing electro-magnet I in all the positions
which the rubbers occupy on the contacts; but if one or more of the
armatures be kept off it is found that when the rubbers pass over the
divisions of the combiner, where the latter indicates the combination
which has been made with the armatures, the circle of the local pile is
broken and ceases to pass into the printing electro-magnet. We can
thus act in such manner that the electro-magnet I frees its armature
when the rubbers pass over the one chosen by the divisions of the
combiner.
If it is wished that the passage of the rubbers over a designated
division may determine an emission of current and not an interruption,
which is the case supposed to be realised further on, it is necessary to
proceed as is shewn in Figure 2, that is to say, by arranging that in the
state of rest the five armatures of the clectro-magnets a, b, c, d, e, may
be in contact with the white abutments, and that the circuit of the
local pile can only be closed in the following manner :—]
-By the arma-
ture No. 1 of the pole of the pile at the 1st row of contacts A; from
this 1st row to the second by the rubbers R', R²; from the second to
the third by the armatures Nos. 2 and 3 connected together; from the
third to the fourth by the rubbers R³, R*, connected together; from the
fourth to the fifth by the armatures 4 and 5 connected together; and
finally from the fifth to the printing electro-magnet by the rubber R³,
which is connected to this electro-magnet. If the combiner had an even
number of rows the circuit would terminate by the last armature, which
would be connected to the printing electro-magnet. Supposing now
that the five rows A, B, C, D, E, forming the combiner are circular, the
movement of the arms R¹, R², R³, R*, R³, will also become circular; the
axis which gives them this movement works a wheel of types, which

page_text: presents a character to the paper for each division of the combiner
passed over by the rubbers. If then the printing electro-magnet I in
freeing its armature projects the paper over the type wheel, it will be
seen that the problem is solved, and that each combination of the
movements A, B, C, D, E, will be translated into a distinct printed sign
or character.
I have established my combiner according to the table formed, as is
indicated in Figures 1 and 2, trying all combinations which can be
made with the 5 armatures A, B, C, D, E, but there is no rule for the
order in which these combinations should follow each other; and as 31
objects can be placed in a very great number of different ways a very
great number of different combiners can also be made. The best will be
to choose those which will give the fewest contacts; that shewn in Figure 1
is one of these.
We have been able to see that a very short time was necessary for
preparing the sign or character which the combiner causes to be after-
wards printed. As a single operator cannot utilise all the rapidity
which this system can give, several operators can be employed, and we
have then a multiple apparatus. In this case a single distributing
apparatus puts the line in communication successively with each of the
keys of all the manipulators and with each of the cloctro-magnets of all
the receivers.
By changing into a commutator each telegraphist can arrange that it
is his electro-magnets (for receiving), or his manipulator (for trans-
mitting), which are connected to the line by the passage of the
distributor. The working of this distributor is commanded by a distinct
motor m, and regulated by a regulator acting with centrifugal force.
At each turn the accord between the two corresponding distributors
is maintained or established by a correcting current sent by one of
the two, and causing the other to advance or be retarded according to
need.
A motor M commands the receivers and manipulators; its working is
regulated with respect to that of the distributor by means of a break
electro-magnet I', which stops the motor M when this tends to exceed
the speed of the distributor. For this purpose two metallic pieces
belonging to the two motors turn one in front of the other, and in the

page_text: same direction. The movement of the motor M becoming accelerated,
while that of m is uniform, the metallic piece belonging to the former
overtakes the other, and closes. the circuit of a local pile through the
break electro-magnet; the motor M becoming stopped, the piece of m
proceeds again in advance, and breaks the circuit. This operation is
repeated at every instant, and allows the motor M to follow the dis-
tributor without ever permitting it to pass it.
The employment of two distinct motors to command the distributor
and receivers permits of more easily maintaining the synchronism
between the two corresponding 'distributors, the movement of which
cannot be affected by the variations of resistance due to the printing.
Having thus explained the theory of my system, that is to say, the
principle of my Invention, I proceed to describe the means which I
have designed for carrying it out. For this purpose I will refer to
Figures 2, 3, 4, and 5 of Sheet 1, and Figures 1 to 6 of Sheet 2, of the
annexed-Drawings. I will first describe a manipulator and a receiver
belonging to a quintuple apparatus of my system, and comprising an
electric combiner analogous to that of Figure 1, Sheet 1. Then I will
explain my distributor, the parts which depend upon it (corrector and
break), as well as the relations between these different parts.
The manipulator represented in Sheet 1, Figure 3, being a front
elevation, Figure 4, a side view, and Figure 5 a plan, is composed of
5 keys disposed in a vertical plane in such manner that the operator
commands three of them with the right hand and two with the left. Each
key carries four rubbersƒ,f,f,f, two on each side; each of these rubbers
puts a metallic contact c in communication with one or other of the
contacts 8, 8, according to whether the key be pressed or not (sce
Figure 2, Sheet 1, which is a diagram shewing the electrical communi-
cations of each key). The end of each key carries a finger d cut on the
bevel. The 5 fingers engage in the five notches of a vertical rack K.
The lifting of one of these fingers moves (notwithstanding an opposing
spring p) the rack, which is movable longitudinally, but immediately
the finger has cleared the tooth the rack returns to its position, and
the key remains lowered until an impulse given to the rack disengages
the finger. We will see further on how this impulse is given, and the
utility of these arrangements.

page_text: The receiver which is represented in Slicet 2, Figure 1, being a longi-
tudinal elevation, and Figure 2 a plan, is composed of the combiner with
its rubbers and electro-magnets and of the printing system. The contacts
of the combiner c are formed of toothed discs insulated from each other
by discs of ebonite; these contacts cover three-fourths of the circum-
ference. The electro-magnets are polarized electro-magnets of any suitable
kind with loose armature. A toothed wheel O having 32 teeth and a
type wheel T bearing the characters of the alphabet, each on three-fourths
of their circumference, turn with the arm B bearing the rubbers R¹, R³,
R³, R, R. An electro-magnet I retains its armature J notwithstanding
an opposing spring i, and keeps all the pieces fixed to the pivot j of this
armature. One of these pieces is the tooth H, which is in the same
vertical plano as the wheel O. This tooth H supports rollers x, x, which
carry paper to be printed; the paper is in the same vertical plane as the
type wheel T. The two wheels O and T are fixed to the axis Y, which
carries the arm B in such manner that when the rubbers pass over the
unoccupied quarter space of the combiner they likewise present their
quarter space to the tooth D and to the paper.
Suppose now that the armatures of the electro-magnets be displaced,
so as to make the combination which is found on the first division of the
combiner; at the moment when the rubbers R¹, R³, arrive at this
division, and consequently when the wheel O will present its first space
to the tooth H, the current of the local pile traversing the electro-
magnet I causes it to free its armature J, and the tooth H impelled by
the wheel O passes to the left until the pin K meeting the lever L
returns by its intermediation the tooth H to its first position. In this
movement from right to left the tooth H has drawn the paper, which in
passing has pressed upon the type wheel, and has received the impression
of the character which it found there.
There is shown in Figures 3 and 4, which are a transverse section and
a front elevation of the combiner, seen separately, how by means of
the ratchet roller K' a compressing roller N and a double click p, p, the
paper advances one division at each impression. The inversion of the
Hughes' apparatus applied to the printing system allows of making
figures and marks of punctuation with the same combinations as the
letters of the alphabet.

page_text: The distributor which is represented in Figures 1 and 2, Sheet 2,
Figures 5 and 6 being detached views, is composed of three circular rows
of contacts Q', Q, Q, insulated from each other. A development of part
of the distributor (corresponding with a manipulator and a receiver is
seen in the diagram, Figure 2, Sheet 1.. The circumference of a
quintuple distributor will therefore be represented by five times this
development, besides a contact separating each of these five parts and
the correction contacts seen further on. The row Q (Figure 1, Sheet 2),
is movablo and driven by a pinion P. The transmitting and receiving
contacts are thus rendered independent in order to overcome the delay
which the current experiences in traversing long lines. By making the
rubbers 72, 73, movable in relation to each other, and casy of regulation,
the same result is obtained.
The rubbers and r¹ are in contact with the discs Q³and Q³. Figure 2,
Sheet 1, shew's very clearly these communications between a manipu-
lator (only three keys are represented), a receiver, and the part of the
distributor which corresponds to them. One of the rows of the latter is
intended for quite a local object as well as the third contact of each key
of the manipulator. For the reception a local current is sent by these
pieces into the electro-magnets a, b, c, d, e, (see Figure 2, Sheet 1,) and
draws back the armatures previously moved away by the line current.
For the transmission this local current gives at the station itself the
impression of the transmission. The keys are arranged in such manner
as to send currents of different kinds and intensities; but these differences
of kind and intensity are utilized only for putting the line in good
conditions of charge and discharge, and rendering the signals or
characters neater.
I have said that one of the corresponding distributors sent once in its
turn a current intended to maintain the accord between the two. This
takes place as follows:-The distributing arm G is fixed to a collar n,
the shaft is driven by the engaging of the ratchet wheel U, which it
carries with the ratchet wheel U¹ worked-by the motor m. A disc t
provided with a notch u, Figure 6, is fixed to the arm G. In its
revolution its circumference is travelled over by a roller g, pressing
strongly on it. Now at each turn of the distributor the correcting

page_text: thus sends at the precise moment a local current into the electro-
magnet I', Figures 1 and 2, Sheet 2. During the attraction of the
armature i¹ of this magnet the wheels U, U', become disengaged, and
the arm G with its collar has been loose on the shaft h. Now at this
moment the roller g passed into the notch e, and has caused the disc t
to advance or recede at the time when the disengaging took place.
It has been said that by the intermediation of two pieces belonging
to the two motors, a break regulated the working of M according to
that of m.
This result is obtained by means of two rubbers S¹, S³,
which fixed to the arm G and connected together bear one of them
upon a fixed disc Q₁ connected to a local pile, and the other upon a
disc O' keyed on the shaft h. This disc, which consequently belongs
to the motor M, is of ebonite and is provided with a large metallic
contact Z on its circumference (see Figure 5). This contact carries a
rubber S, which slides on a fixed disc Q, connected to the break electro-
magnet I³, Figure 2, Sheet 2. The latter therefore receives the current
from the pile as soon as S' overtakes Z.
The forked armature of this electro-magnet acts upon the collar n²,
as in the corrector another one acts upon the collar n. It causes the
disc V to press upon the frame V₁, and thus serves as a break to the
motor M. But the movement of the collar n² has also for object to
render the fly wheel W independent of the motor and loose on its
shaft X. As soon as the armature ceases to act the re-engagement of
this wheel is effected by the coiled spring w0. The result is that the
inertia of the wheel is not injurious when the break acts, and that it is
useful when it ceases to act.
It is necessary to take care that for each receiver the moment of the
passage of the rubber over the quarter space of the combiner coincides
with the passage of the rubbers over the part of the distributor which
corresponds with this receiver. It is immediatly after this passage that
a cam fixed on the shaft of the motor gives by means of a metal rod
a blow which causes the rack of the corresponding manipulator to
oscillate, and allows the keys to rise. At this moment the signal is
completely sent, and it is already necessary to prepare another.
The description of my electric telegraph apparatus with combiner
is now finished, There remains to explain in a few words the arrange-

page_text: ment of the mechanical combiner in cases where it may be preferred
to carry out the principle of my Invention in this form.
The mechanical combination is made like the electric combination
with the aid of a table similar to those of Figures 1, 1°, and 2, Sheet 1.
The rows of contacts A, B, C, D, E, are replaced by five bars or rods
supporting transversely 31 small bars or rods by means of projections
formed either on the bars or on the small bars.
Each small bar is supported only by the bar or bars forming the
combination corresponding to its position; it is thus that the small bar
occupying the division 1, Figure 1, is supported only by the bar A, the
small bar occupying the division 2 is only supported by the bars A
and B. The projections should therefore be arranged in such manner
that a movement given to A will allow the first small bar to fall;
a movement given to A and to B will allow the second small bar to fall,
and so on.
With the aid of these data it will be easy to construct a combiner
in which, by combining the movements of the bars A, B, C, D, E, we
will command at option one of the small bars which they support.
There can therefore be obtained the impression of a different signal
or character for each small bar operated upon by various means,
more or less complicated, but of which I profer the electric combiner.
In carrying out my system I could effect the single movements
which produce the combinations by means of a single electro-magnet,
which would act upon several movable pieces substituted for the arma-
tures of the five electro-magnets in the arrangement above described.
And having now described the nature of my said Invention, and
in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that I claim,―
First. The combiner herein-before described which is the fundamental
and characteristic part of my system, constructed according to the
principles. explained with reference to the diagrams, Figures 1 and 2,
Sheet 1, and serving to transform each of the numerous combinations
of a small number of movements into a single movement, having for
object the printing of a character, the said combiner having the com-
binations grouped in an optional order, which combinations can become
transformed cither electrically by an interruption, or an emission of a

page_text: local current (see Figures 1 and 2, Sheet 2), or mechanically by the
movements of bars or rods provided with projections, as has been
explained in the latter part of this Specification.
Second. The printing mechanism herein-before described which with
a slight initial impulse allows, by the intermediation of a tooth sup-
porting the paper, and taking at a given moment into a toothed wheel
fixed to the type wheel, of drawing the paper into the same direction
of rotation, and of thus producing, whatever be the speed, a clear im-
pression without appreciable shock, or by causing the paper to advance
(see Figures 1, 2, 3, and 4, Sheet 2).
Third. The employment, as herein-before described, of a series of
successive clectro-magnets for receiving the line current which avoids
the inconveniences due to induction; also the utilization of the arma-
tures of the electro-magnets for producing directly the clementary
movements, the combinations of which are transformed by the com-
biner (see Figure 2, Sheet 1).
Fourth. The particular arrangements of the distributor herein-before
described, and among others that which renders the contacts intended
for transmission independent of those intended for receiving, that which
allows of commanding the clectro-magnets of the same station by the
intermediation of the manipulator, and thus gives a transmission of
control at the departure, and that of correction which at each turn
re-establishes the accord between the distributors of the two stations
(sec Figures 1, 2, 5, and 6, Sheet 2).
Fifth. The special arrangements which form the manipulator herein-
before described, and among others that which allows of modifying by
the lowering of a key, the current transmitted by the following key,
and thus proportioning the currents of charge and discharge, and that
which maintains the keys lowered until the signal is sent (see Figures
3, 4, and 5, Sheet 1).
Sixth. The employment, as herein-before described, of a distinct motor
for the distributor, regulating the working of the printing motor by
means of a break acting on the first motor when it overtakes the second,
and the particular arrangement of this break which permits of avoiding
the force or momentum of the fly wheel when it would be injurious,
and of utilizing it when there is need of it (see Figure 2, Sheet 2).

page_text: Seventh. Constructing electric telegraph apparatus as herein-before
described with reference to the accompanying Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said Jean Maurice Emile Baudot,
have hereunto set my hand and scal, this Twenty-ninth day
of February, One thousand cight hundred and seventy-six.
Witness.
Cu. ARMENGAUD,
Civil Engineer, ·
J. M. E. BAUDOT. (1.s.)
Boulevard de Strasbourg, 28,
à Paris.