MENTS IN MAKING BREAD BY MACHINERY
Year: 1884

page_text: "
I PAUL PFLEIDERER of 86 Upper Ground Street Blackfriars in the County of
Surrey Engineer do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE
MENTS IN MAKING BREAD BY MACHINERY (being a communication to me from
abroad by Messrs Worner and Pfleiderer of Cannstatt in the Empire of Germany
Engineers) to be as follows:-
=
This Invention relates to improvements, in baking and the objects of tho
improvements are: first, to remove the difficulties hitherto experienced with the uso
of machinery in bakehouses in consequence of the mouths or inlets of the machines
being higher than the point of discharge thus necessitating the lifting up by hand
or special mechanical appliances of any sponges or doughs which having first been
mixed and kneaded in the machine have to prove or be allowed to ferment and
either to be put back again for re-mixing and kneading with additional material
for making the final dough or to be cut up and moulded into loaves; secondly, to
afford greater facilities for charging the machine with flour and liquor in premises
whero no upper story is available for charging from above; thirdly, to facilitate
the cleaning of the machines and to enable the attendant to watch the kneading
and mixing while standing on the ordinary floor of the bakehouse.
These objects are attained in the first place by arranging the fulcrum on which
the containers of the machines are tilted as nearly as possible in a line with the
mouth over which the dough is discharged and by combining with the heavier sizes
of the machines suitable lifting gear or counterweights or both these contrivances
so as to enable the attendant to charge and re-charge the machine and empty it
with the expenditure of a minimum of manual labour and lifting.
And these objects are attained in the second place by a special construction of
the dough trucks or tables as follows. These are oblong in shape and have four
wheels on three of which they travel the two central wheels projecting somewhat
beyond the two end ones so that the troughs may be readily turned about and
moved in all directions. The long side is placed against the machine the floor in
front of which has in it a trench adapted to receive one of the larger central wheels
so that the truck or table now rests on the two end wheels only and as they are in
CD 033

page_text: 9
a vertical line below its centre of gravity they allow it to be easily inclined towards
the machine so that the broadside brim becomes lowered towards the machine the
mouth of which can now be tilted right onto it although the said brim in its
ordinary position may be as high as or higher than the mouth of the machine.
The ends of the trucks or tables being narrower than the mouths of the machine
or the broadside of the troughs themselves the former can be inserted in the latter
suitable stops being provided in order to prevent the troughs required to be tilted
from slipping into the machine or other trough into which their contents are
intended to be discharged And by means of a rope or chain attachment at the
other end of the trucks or some hydraulic or other suitable lifting gear such truck
is lifted and its contents tilted or poured out without touching the contents by
hand.
In illustration of the said improvements in kneading machines I will refer to the
accompanying Drawings in which Fig. 1 is a diagram showing one of Pfleiderer's
Patent Universal Kneading and Mixing Machines with two blades.-Fig. 2 is a
diagram showing one of these machines with a single blade both of which machines
are constructed on the above principle, the tilting being performed by a combination
of Pfleiderers Patent Reversing Gear and Screw Arrangement details of which are
shown in Fig. 9.-Fig. 3 is a diagram of the same machine as Fig. 2.-Figures 4.
and 5 a diagram of the same machine as Fig. 1.-In this case both are constructed
to attain the object of this Invention by means of mechanism known as lazy tongs
and shown more in detail in Figures 10 and 11.
Figures 6, 7, and 8 show other modes for carrying out the objects of this Inven-
tion which is applicable to various kneading, and mixing machines such as are
known under the names of Pfleiderer Boland Hodgkinson Stevenson and other
makers who have hitherto tilted the troughs or containers of their machines on the
axis of the mixing blade as a fulcrum whereby the point of discharge is consider-
ably below the level at which the charge must bo introduced.-Figures 12 and 13
are diagrams showing the principle applied to some more complicated systems of
dough machines known as those of Chambers and of John Rudolphs.
Fig. 14 shows how John Rudolph's Machine may be so constructed that the
objects of this Invention are attained and nevertheless the kneading fork may be
independently lifted or tilted out of the revolving pan or trough.
Fig. 9 shews a sectional front elevation of the Machine of which Fig: 1 is (drawn
on a smaller scale) a sectional side elevation T is the trough or container of the
Machine F. its frame or stand a driving shaft which is driven by the reversing
gear R fixed to one end to the other end is fixed a friction or other coupling Č
which is thrown in and out of gear by means of a lever arrangement HH It is
preferred to arrange the latter so that it can be actuatod by foot but where con-
venient it may be made to work by hand By means of the coupling C a chain
wheel and chain are put into operation gearing into a corresponding chain-wheel
fixed on the counter-shaft b which forms at the same time the swivel or fulcrum
for the lifting gear G, consisting of the bevil gear and screw in the manner shown
in the drawings.
The screw works in a nut N which is hinged to the trough T of the Machine
By pressing the lever H the shaft 6 becomes coupled with the driving shaft a by
which it can now be actuated and the attendant can cause it to revolve either way
For emptying he will set his reversing gear R so as to unscrew the lifting or tilting
screw pushing the nut N away from 6 thereby causing the trough T to be lifted
up and the attendant has it in his power to stop or reverse this movement at any
desired moment.
The mixing blades being driven from a pinion on the shaft a quite independently
of the lifting gear they can be kept in motion while the trough is being tilted or
detained in any desired position between that shewn in full lines and that shewn
by dotted lines the latter being in Fig. 1 the highest tilting position for emptying.
The link mechanism Figures 10 and 11 is merely a substitute for the screw
tilting gear Fig. 9 and in this case a right, and left handed screw cut on the

page_text: countershaft b enables the attendant to cause the two lower ends to approach or to
recede from each other thereby forcing the upper end which takes the place of and
is hinged to T up or down as the case may be.
The swivel-bean B forms two rails for the rollers R R so as to take the load off
the shaft b.
Fig. 7 shews an arrangement in which the countershaft b is mounted on the
moveable trough instead of in the stationary frame A worm w. actuated from the
countershaft b. by means of bevel gearing, and supported by suitable bearings which
are also attached to the trough actuates a worm wheel W, which carries an arm A,
This arm A is linked to a rod or lever L; the other end of which is linked, or
hinged to the framework of the machine so that when the worm w. is actuated,
the worm wheel W which can revolve freely on the boss or main-bearing of the
Mixing-blade of the Machine forces up the whole trough as indicated by the dotted
lines, the link L and worm wheel W forming a rigid support in any position of the
trough.
W. SPENCE & SON,
Agents for the Applicant,
8, Quality Court.

page_text: I PAUL PFLEIDERER of 86, Upper Ground Street, Blackfriars Bridge in the
County of Surrey Engineer do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MAKING BREAD BY MACHINERY" (being a communication
to me from abroad by Messrs. Werner and Pfleiderer of Caunstatt in the Empire
of Germany Engineers) and in what manner the same is to be performed, to bo
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
"
or be
This invention relates to improvements in Baking and the objects of the
improvements are; first, to remove the difficulties hitherto experienced with the
use of machinery in bakehouses in consequence of the mouths or inlets of the
machines being higher than the point of discharge, thus necessitating the lifting
up by hand, or special mechanical appliances of any "sponges" or, doughs which,
having first been mixed and kneaded in the machine have to "prove"
allowed to ferment, and either to be put back again for remixing and kneading
with additional material for making the final dough, or to be cut up and moulded
into loaves; secondly; to afford greater facilities for charging the machines with
flour and liquor in promises where no upper story is available for charging from
above; thirdly, to facilitate the cleaning of the machines, and to enable the
attendant to watch the kneading and mixing while standing on the ordinary floor
of the bakehouse.
These objects are attained in the first place by arranging the fulcrum on which
the containers of the machines are tilted, as nearly as possible in a line with the
edge of the mouth over which the dough is discharged, and by combining with
the heavier sizes of the machines suitable lifting gear or counterweights or both.
these contrivances, so as to enable the attendant to charge and recharge the
machine, and empty it with the expenditure of a minimum of manual labour
and lifting.
•
And these objects are attained in the second place by a special construction
of the dough- trucks or tables as follows: These are oblong in shape and have four
wheels on three of which they travel, the two central wheels projecting somewhat
beyond the two end ones so that the troughs may be readily turned about and
moved in all directions. The long side is placed against the machine, the floor in
front of which has in it a trench adapted to receive one of the larger contral
wheels, so that the truck or table now rests on the two end wheels only; and
as they are in a vertical line below its centre of gravity, they allow it to be easily
inclined towards the machine, so that the broadside brim becomes lowered towards
the machine; the mouth of which can now be tilted right into it although the
said brim in its ordinary position may be as high as or higher than the mouth of
the machine.
The ends of the trucks or tables being narrower than the mouths of the machine
or the broadside of the troughs themselves, the former can be inserted in the
latter, suitable stops being provided in order to prevent the troughs required to
be tilted from slipping into the machine or other trough into which their contents
are intended to be discharged. And by means of a rope or chain attachment

page_text: at the other end of the trucks or some hydraulic or other suitable lifting gear
such truck is lifted and its, contents tilted or poured out without touching the
contents by hand.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
In illustration of the said improvements in Kneading machines I will refer
to the accompanying drawings in which Fig. 1, is a diagram showing one of
Pfleiderer's Patent Universal Kneading and Mixing Machines, with two Blades.
Fig. 2, is a diagram showing one of these machines with a single blade, both of
which machines are constructed on the above principle; the tilting being per-
formed by a combination of Pfleiderer's Patent Reversing Gear and Screw arrange-
ment details of which are shewn in Fig. 9. Fig. 3, is a diagram of the same
machine as Fig. 2.
Figs. 4 and 5 a diagram of the same machine as Fig. 1. In this case both are
constructed to attain the objects of this invention by means of mechanism known
as lazy tongs and shown more in detail in Figs. 10 and 11.
Figs. 6, 7, and 8, show other modes for carrying out the objects of this invention
which is applicable to various kneading and mixing machines, such as are known
under the names of Pfleiderer, Boland, Hodgkinson, Stevens and other makers,
who have hitherto tilted the troughs or containers of their machines on the
axis of the mixing blade as a fulcrum, whereby the point of discharge is .con-
siderably below the level at which the charge must be introduced. Figs. 12 and 13,
are diagrams shewing the principle applied to some more complicated systems of
dough machines, known as those of Chambers and of John Rudolph.
Fig. 14 shows how John Rudolph's machine may be so constructed that the
objects of this invention are attained, and nevertheless the kneading fork may be
independently lifted or tilted out of the revolving pan or trough.
Fig. 9 shows a sectional front elevation of the machine of which Fig. 1. is
(drawn on a smaller scale) a sectional side-elevation. T is the trough or container
of the machine, Fits frame or stand, a driving shaft which is driven by the
reversing gear R fixed to one end; to the other end is fixed a friction or other
coupling C, which is thrown in and out of gear. by means of a lever arrange-
ment H H. It is preferred to arrange the latter so that it can be actuated by
foot;, but where convenient it may be made to work by land. By means of the
coupling C, a chain-wheel and chain are put into operation gearing into a corre-
sponding chain-wheel fixed on the countershaft b, which forins at the same time
the the swivel or fulcrum for the lifting gear G, consisting of the bevil gear and
screw in the manner shown in the drawings.
The screw works in a nut N, which is hinged to the trough T'of the machine.
By pressing on the lever H, the shaft b becomes coupled with the driving shaft a
by which it can now be actuated, and the attendant can cause it to revolve either
way. For emptying he will set his reversing gear R so as to unscrew the lifting
or tilting screw, pushing the nut N away from b, thereby causing the trough T to
be lifted up, and the attendant has it in his power to stop or reverse this movement
at any desired moment.
The mixing Blades being driven from a pinion on the shaft a quite indepen-
dently of the lifting gear they can be kept in motion while the trough is being
tilted, or detained in any desired position between that shown in full lines, and
that shown by dotted lines; the latter being in Fig. 1. the highest tilting position
for emptying.
The link mechanism Figs. 10 and 11, is merely a substitute for the screw-tilting
gear Fig. 9, and in this case a right-and-left-handed screw cut on the countershaft b,
enables the attendant to cause the two lower ends to approach, or to recede from
each other, thereby forcing up or down, as the case may be, the upper end which
takes the place of, and is hinged to the trough T.
The swivel-beam B forms two rails for the rollers R, R, so as to take the load off
the shaft b.

page_text: Fig. 7 shews an arrangement in which the countershaft b is mounted on the
moveable trough, instead of in the stationary frame. A worm w, actuated from
the countershaft b by means of bevel gearing, and supported by suitable bearings
which are also attached to the trough, actuates a worm wheel W, which carries
an arm A. This arm A is linked to a rod or lever L; the other end of which is
linked or hinged to the framework of the machine so that when the worm w
is actuated, the worm wheel W which can revolve freely on the boss or main-
bearing of the mixing-blade of the machine forces up the whole trough as indicated
by the dotted lines, the link L and worm-wheel W forming a rigid support in any
position of the trough.
'
In Fig. 15 is represented another method of carrying out this first head of the
invention as applied to a large Pfleiderer's kneading and mixing machine with
simple chain tilting gear, two counterweights and chains being employed. The
counterweight chains u and v pass over chain pulleys r which are connected by
an endless chain E with the tilting shaft b which is driven from and by the
handle H in a manner similar to the drum of a windlass or crane, a ratchet and
pawl or similar arrangement fixing it in any desired position.
This arrangement enables the attendant by means of the handle H to wind up
or tilt the trough T for discharging its contents, also to move it back into its
working position or fix it in any intermediate position as required. The dead
point over which the trough would be tilted if only one counterweight with a
chain were employed, necessitates the application of the second counterweight
and chain u with leverage y in order to get the trough T back again. The
two chains rigidly connected with the tilting shaft b give the same certainty
of the action in two directions as the various screw or worm tilting arrangements.
This double chain arrangement may be substituted for either of the other con-
trivances for tilting other machines.
The second part of this invention viz. that relating to the arrangement and use
of troughs in machine bakeries is so clear from the foregoing description as not
to require illustration by drawings. It is merely the adaptation and modification
of contrivances for use in bakeries which have in other forms been in use in other
industries.
:
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, (communicated to
me from abroad as aforesaid) I declare that what I claim is
First. The mode of constructing kneading and mixing machines substantially
as described in order that they may serve at the same time to lift up and dischargo
the dough in the manner described at the same or nearly the same level at which
the ingredients are introduced.
And Secondly. The particular construction of dough trucks and moulding
tables and the use of the same or other tipping waggons or trucks in combination
with suitable lifting gear and trenches in the floor in front of the machines from
which these travelling troughs or tables receive their charges, substantially as and
for the purposes described.