AN IMPROVED SHEDDING MOTION EMPLOYED IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1884

page_text: I, CHARLES BEDFORD, of Huddersfield Road, Birstall, Yorkshire, Machine Shop
Manager, do hereby declare the nature of my invention for "AN IMPROVED
SHEDDING MOTION EMPLOYED IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING," to be as follows:-
This Invention has reference to the shedding motion operated and formed by
shaft jacquard mechanism employed in looms for weaving, the object of my
improvements being to form and maintain a perfectly open shed.
To carry out my Invention I employ the usual lifting bars connected to racks
and operated up and down by pinion wheel, but instead of employing the ordinary
jack hook provided with 2 notches, I now employ what may be termed a double
jack hook being provided with 4 notches, so that each lifting bar has 2 notches to
engage in, one for the upward motion, and one for the downward motion.
Instead of the end of the jack levers terminating with the hinged joint as at
present, the end of the said levers are prolonged or extended past the hinged joint,
and acting upon the extreme end thereof are certain relieving rollers or bara
employed for the purpose of slightly raising and lowering the jack levers after they
have been raised and lowered by the ordinary lifting bars, such increased movement
being given so as to relieve the pressure of the notches in the jack hooks off the
lifting bars in order that the said lifting bars can be more easily moved laterally
and changed from one notch to another, leaving the jack hooks free to engage with
either the ascending or descending bars, or with certain fixed bars, which hold the
hooks in position up or down when they are not required to change, which is
determined by the pegging mechanism according to the design intended to be
woven.
Two relieving bars are employed, one for lifting the levers, and one for lowering
them, and these bars are operated in such manner that they only come in contact
with the end of the levers after they have passed their horizontal position in either
their upward or downward motion, and this is arranged to take place by the
employment of a double set of bell crank levers and rods operated at each upward
and downward motion of the racks by means of a stud projecting therefrom.
The jack hooks are provided with 2 slots, having a notch on each side of the
alot, and has the lifting bars have hold of a notch on one side of the slot in
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page_text: ascending and hold of a notch on the opposite side of the slot when descending, it
is necessary to give to the lifting bars a lateral movement so that they can change
from one notch to another; in order therefore to do this, the lifting bars are
connected to lever arms carried by the racks, and from which they obtain their
upward and downward motion, but the lateral motion of the said lifting bars are
obtained by means of a plate also connected to the racks.
This plate has a cam groove formed therein in which enters a pin or stud pro-
jecting from the lever arms, carrying the lifting bars, so that after the jack hooks
have received the full extent of their motion either up or down and a change of
bar from one notch to the other is required, the cam groove in the plate causes the
lever arms to move laterally, and thus transfer the lifting bars from one side of the
slot in the jack hooks to the other side ready for operating the same, by which
means the warps are lifted up and down positively at each upward and downward
movement of the jack hooks and levers.
Instead of employing the cam grooved plate for giving lateral movement to the
lifting bars I may employ a plate hinged to the framework, having a plain straight
groove formed therein in which the lifting bars fit closely, the lateral movement
being given to the plate, and consequently to the. lifting bars by the pegging
mechanism, or other suitable means.
The description given above however only applies when the warp threads have
to cross each other, each for each pick, but when some of the warp threads have to
remain up or down, the lifting bars are free to move in either direction within the
slotted hooks without catching on the hooks as the slots are wide enough to allow
it, the said hooks during such inactivity being held in position by the stationary
bars previously mentioned, when however they are required to descend, they are
pegged off the supporting bar by the pegging mechanism, and when they are
required to ascend, they are removed off the holding bar by the movement of one
of two compound jacquard needles, such compound needles forming the subject of a
prior Patent granted to me on the 25th day of July 1879 N° 3037.

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
I, CHARLES BEDFORD of Huddersfield Road, Birstall, Yorkshire, Machine Shop
Manager do hereby declare the nature of my invention for AN IMPROVED
SHEDDING MOTION EMPLOYED IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING," and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement:-
This invention has reference to the shedding motion operated and formed by
shaft jacquard mechanism employed in "overswing" or "underswing" looms, the
object of my improvements being to form and maintain a perfectly open shed.
"
In order that the invention may be better understood I herein give reference to
the accompanying sheets of drawings which illustrate so much of a jacquard as is
necessary to illustrate my improvements as applied to an overswing" loom.
Fig 1 shews position of the parts when raised, and Fig 2 shews position of the same
parts when lowered.
A is my improved jack-hook, which it will be seen is made two slots each slot
having two hooks a, b, and c, d the width of the slots being three times as wide as
a lifting bar. The usual lifting bars are marked B and are connected to the
ordinary racks by which they receive a constant up and down motion as will be
understood by those conversant with this class of machine.
Another part of my invention is shewn at C and D which are two vertical plates
connected at the bottom by lever E fastened onto the oscillatory rod F which gives
to the said plates C and D a slight up and down motion. These plates have each
a narrow slot e equal in width to the thickness of the lifting bar B, and in which
slots the said bars oscillate.
In addition to the long slots e in the said plate, cam slots fare also made therein
at top and bottom in which are runners g projecting from the frame-end G, so that
as the plates C and D are raised and lowered by the lever E, the said plates also
receive a lateral or side way motion, by means of the slots and runners, whereby
the lifting bars B are moved laterally for purposes hereinafter explained. His
the jack lever connected to the jack hook by joint I and instead of the end of
the jack levers terminating with the hinged joint as at present, the end of the
said levers are prolonged at J, and acting upon the extreme end thereof are
certain relieving rollers or bars K carried by bell crank levers L working upon
studs M.
These bars K are employed for the purpose of slightly raising and lowering the
jack levers and consequently the hooks, after they have been raised and lowered
by the lifting bars, such increased movement being given so as to relieve the
pressure of the notches in the jack hooks off the lifting bars, in order that the said
jack hooks may be free to engage with either the ascending or descending bars, or
with the fixed bars N and O for which two extra notches i and are provided on
the outside edge of the jack hooks, which fixed bars hold the hooks in position up
or down when they are not required to change, which change is determined by the
pegging mechanism according to the design intended to be woven.
It will therefore be seen that by the oscillatory motion of the shaft F, that the
slotted plates C and D will move slightly up and down and thereby give to them-
selves a lateral motion, first to one side and then to the other side, each lateral
motion placing the lifting bars into position ready for catching onto any of the
small catches a, b, c, d of the hooks A and so operating them in such manner as to
cross the warp whereby the "shed is positively opened at each upward and
downward movement of the jack hooks and levers.

page_text: The description given above however only applys to those jack hooks which
require to be operated, but when some of the warp threads have to be kept up, the
said jack hooks are allowed to remain on the stationary holding bar 0 (see Fig. 1)
and when some of the threads have to be kept down such jack hooks are allowed
to remain under the fixed bar N (see Fig 2) so that when a jack book requires to
be removed off the holding bar O so as to descend it is pegged off by the said
"bar O by the pegging mechanism, but when the hooks have to be removed from
under the holding bar N so as to ascend it is done by the spiral spring k on the
left hand side of the lower jacquard needle R
The lifting bars are removed from the catches of the jack hooks when they are
at their furthest point up and down and in order that the change may be quickly
accomplished I employ an arrangement of compound jacquard needles as described
in prior Letters Patent granted to me on the 25th of July 1879 N° 3037. The
lower of these needles R is pegged just before the lifting bar is in position to be
changed, but such movement of the needle does not operate the jack hook but
compresses the spring 7 on the upper needle S, but as soon as the lifting bar is in
position to be changed the upper needle which has been waiting to force the hook
forward is now set at liberty whereby the compressed spring / operates the needle S
and so effects the change.
The position of the holding bars N and O is such that the catches i and j on the
jack-hooks cannot pass up and down without coming into contact with one of the
said fixed bars N and O, in order therefore to allow the catchj to pass when
ascending, the spiral spring k would yield, so as to make room for it to pass and
when the jack hook has been pegged and is coming down, the catch i would come
into contact with the bar N, but the spiral spring / would yield to allow the hook
to come sufficiently far sideway as to pass the said bar.
As the drawings are somewhat complicated, it must be understood that there
are two slots in the frame G twice as wide as the lifting bar, so as to allow for
lateral movement; that the slots e in the plates C and D are only the width of the
lifting bar, but that the slots in jack hook are three times as wide as the lifting
bar so that whilst there is room in these slots for the lifting bar to ascend and
descend when operating the said hooks, there is also room for the hook to remain
stationary to allow of the lifting bar to move up and down without carrying the
hook with it.
Although I have shewn and described my improved shedding motion as applied
to an "overswing" loom, it must be understood that the improvements can be
applied to an "underswing" loom, in which case the various parts shewn would
have to be laid on their side, instead of vertical as shewn.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is
Firstly The employment of the double notched hooks A in combination with
mechanism for giving a lateral movement to the lifting bars in manner and for
purposes herein set forth.
Secondly-The employment of compound jacquard needles in combination with a 4
double jack hook.