A NEW CEMENT OR ARTIFICIAL STONE
Year: 1822

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JAMES
FROST, of Finchley, in, the County of Middlesex,, Builder, send greeting.
WHEREAS His most Excellent Majesty George the Fourth, by His
Letters Patent under the Great Seal of the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, bearing date at Westminster, the Eleventh day of June
now last past, did give and grant, unto me, the said James Frost, my exors,
admors, and assigns, His, special licence, full power, sole privilege and
authority, that I, the said James Frost, my exors, admors, and assigns, during
the term of years therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within England and Wales, and the Town of Berwick-
upon-Tweed, my Invention of "A NEW CEMENT OR ARTIFICIAL STONE;" in
which said Letters Patent there is contained a proviso, obliging me, the said
James Frost, under my hand and seal, to cause a particular description of
the nature of my said Invention, and in what-manner the same is to.be
performed, to be inrolled in His Majesty's High Court of Chancery within two
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said in part
recited Letters Patent, as in and by the said Letters Patent, relation being
thereunto had, may more fully and, at large appear:

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said James Frost, do, by this present writing
under my hand and seal, and intended to be inrolled in the said Court of
Chancery, pursuant and in obedience to the condition contained in the said
Letters Patent as aforesaid, certify and declare, that for the purposes of my said
Invention I select such limestones or marls or magnesian limestones or marls
as are entirely or nearly free from any admixture of alumina or argillaceous
earth, and contain from nine to forty per cent. of siliceous earth, or silica, or
combinations of silica and oxide of iron, the silica being in excess and in a
finely-divided state, and break such selected materials into small pieces, which
are then calcined in a kiln, in the manner calcareous substances usually are,
until all carbonic acid be expelled, and until it be found on trial of a small
portion of such calcined materials that it will not, when cool, slack or fall when
wetted with water. The calcined material is to be ground to a fine powder by
any machinery fit for reducing dry substances to that state, and the powder
is the material for making the cement or artificial stone, and must be kept
in dry packages for use. When used it is to be mixed with water and tempered
to the consistency of common mortar; it should be mixed in small quantities, and
applied instantly to its intended purpose, as it will set in a few minutes to resist
the impression of the finger, and gradully harden to a stony body. For many
purposes a quantity of clean siliceous sand may be advantageously incorporated
with it when it is tempered for use. The cement will be lighter or darker
in colour as there is a lesser or greater quantity of oxide of iron in the selected
materials; the lighter colour will be found best adapted to dry, and the darker
colour to wet situations.-
I declare that my Invention is for making a cement or artificial stone from
siliceous limestones or marls in the manner herein-before described, and that I
shall call it by the name of British cement.
In witness whereof, I, the said James Frost, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, the Tenth day of August, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and twenty-two.

page_text: AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the Tenth day of August, in the
year of our Lord 1822, the aforesaid James Frost came before our said
Lord the King in His Chancery, and acknowledged the Specification aforesaid,
and all and every thing therein contained and specified, in form above written.
And also the Specification aforesaid was stamped according to the tenor. of
the Statute made for that purpose.
Inrolled the Tenth day of August, in the year of our Lord One thousand
eight hundred and twenty-two.