CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF PRODUCING A VARIATION OF COLOR DURING MANUFACTURE UPON WOOLLEN, COTTON, OR OTHER FIBROUS YARNS OR THREADS
Year: 1867

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Joseph Fearns Lawton, of Micklehurst, in the County
of Chester, for the Invention of "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD
OF PRODUCING A VARIATION OF COLOR DURING MANUFACTURE UPON WOOLLEN,
COTTON, OR OTHER FIBROUS YARNS OR THREADS."
Sealed the 25th October 1867, and dated the 29th April 1867.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Joseph Fearns Lawton at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
29th April 1867.
I, JOSEPH FEARNS LAWTON, of Micklehurst, in the County of Chester, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE METHOD OF PRODUCING A VARIATION OF COLOR DURING MANUFACTURE UPON
WOOLLEN, COTTON, OR OTHER FIBROUS YARNS OR THREADS," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates more particularly to that class of yarns employed in
the manufacture of flannel for shirtings or other similar fabrics.
The improvements consist in so arranging the bobbins which contain
various colors of unspun yarn that during manufacture they may be drawn
and spun together so as to produce a warp or weft of various colors in contra-
distinction to mixing the various shades or colors together previously to
drawing and twisting according to the method now employed, or twisting two
or more yarns together of various colors, or making "grays" in the wool before
carding, as heretofore.

page_text: The improved method or arrangement I adopt consists in placing two or
more colors of condensor bobbins together, which are roved double or treble
on the roving "jenny" or "mule," thereby causing the combination of colors,
when passing through the drawing rollers, or after having passed through to
intermingle so as to result when being spun or twisted in variegated yarn of
several colors. By this combination a long colored or white stripe or other
effects of shade and color may be produced alternately in the thread, such
(for example) as are now imperfectly attained by printed yarns, but by this
Invention the colors will be more permanent, and a better contrast in color is
produced than when mixed previously, as before stated. By mixing "gray
bobbins with the wool of the condensors and then working such bobbins with
other colors any desired shade or effect may be obtained, the various colors
being by the improved method brought out in great brilliancy. A considerable
advantage and utility of this peculiar method is attained by enabling the
variegated threads to be spun of much finer quality, thereby producing a more
woolly, warm, soft, and lighter article when manufactured than when yarns of
various colors are twisted together for producing a variegated fabric, as now
employed.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Joseph Fearns Lawton in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 28th October 1867.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOSEPH
FEARNS LAWTON, of Micklehurst, in the County of Chester, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-ninth day of April, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-seven, in the thirtieth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me;
the said Joseph Fearns Lawton, Her special license that I, the said Joseph
Fearns Lawton, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as
I, the said Joseph Fearns Lawton, my executors, administrators, and assigns,
should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all
times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully
might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
"CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF PRODUCING A VARIATION OF COLOR
DURING MANUFACTURE UPON WOOLLEN, COTTON, OR OTHER FIBROUS YARNS OR

page_text: THREADS," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Joseph Fearns
Lawton, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under
my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and
ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was
to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent
Office within six calendar mouths next and immediately after the date of the
said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Joseph Fearns Lawton, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is
to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement (that is to say):-
My Invention relates more particularly to that class of yarn employe.]
in the manufacture of flannel for shirtings, tweeds, cloths, silks, cottons,
worsted, or other similar fabrics.
The improvements consist in so arranging the bobbins which contain
various colors of unspun yarn that during manufacture they may be drawn
and spun together so as to produce a warp or weft of various colors in contra-
distinction to "mixing" the various shades in colors together previously to
drawing and twisting according to the method now employed, or twisting
two or more yarns together of various colors, or making "greys" and other
mixtures in the wool before carding, as heretofore.
The improved method or arrangement I adopt consists in placing two or
more colors of "condensor" bobbins together, which are roved double or treble
on the roving "jenny" or mule, thereby causing the combination of colors
when passing through the drawing rollers, or after having passed through to
intermingle so as to result when being spun or twisted in a varigated yarn
of several colors. By this combination a long colored or white stripe or other
effects of shade and color may be produced alternately in the thread, such
as (for example) are now imperfectly attained by printed yarns, but by this
Invention the colors will be more permanent, and a better contrast in color is
produced than when mixed previously, as before stated. By mixing grey
and other mixed bobbins with the wool of the "condensors" and then working
such bobbins with other colors any desired shade or effect may be obtained,
the various colors being the improved method brought out in great
brilliancy. A considerable advantage and utility of this peculiar method is
attained by enabling the varigated threads to be spun of much finer quality,
thereby producing a more woolly, warm, soft, and lighter article when manu-
factured than when yarn of various colors are twisted together for producing
a varigated fabric as now employed. These roved bobbins may be spun or

page_text: drawn through rollers on the cotton "jenny," "throstle," or spinning frame of
any description, or on the "slubbing frame" through the slides to produce
these effects; or if two or more colors of condensed bobbins be arranged to
supply or feed a small single engine and afterwards be spun the varigated
effect will be produced.
In witness whereof, I, the said Joseph Fearns Lawton, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Twenty-fifth day of October, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-seven.
JOSEPH FEARNS LAWTON. (L.S.)