Improvements in Machinery for Breaking Pig Iron.
Year: 1893

page_text: Date of Application, 30th N v., 1893
Complete Specification Left, 2nd Jun, 1894-Accepted, 11th Aug., 1894
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Machinery for Breaking Pig Iron.
We SAMUEL THOMAS CROASDELL of Windsor Lodge, Moresby, Whitehaven,
in the County of Cumberland, Engineer, and BENJAMIN JAMES HALL, of
Overdale, Workington, also in the County of Cumberland, Engineer, do hereby
declare the nature of this invention to be as follows :—
This invention for improvements in machinery for breaking pig iron has for its
object to provide a simplified form of horizontal feed motion, an improved form of
wedge gripping motion for securing the sows, and a combined arrangement whereby
the number and weight of the working parts is reduced, the strength of the machine
increased and the cost of manufacture considerably reduced; and consists of a
horizontal feeding table fitted with lifting and traversing motion actuated from a
main or cam shaft of the machine through the medium of suitable levers and
cranks, and working between girders or frames on which the bed of pigs is placed.
and along which it is carried by the action of the movable table. The feed table
is preferably made in two parts, the. upper portion being separate from the lower
but working therein by means of suitable guides forming part of the lower table,
and being raised by means of levers pivoted to the underside of the upper table,
and working on wheels rolling on the upper side of the lower table and working
between stops which may be made adjustable to give any desired lift.
The forward
stop is a little past the centre line, so that when the load is raised it falls slightly,
carrying the lever in the direction in which the carriage will have to travel and
thus ensuring perfect steadiness. The carriage works on wheels, between the side
frames or girders and between suitable stops, adjustable for any travel. These
stops are arranged with springs, levers, or weights in such a manner that the
carriage cannot travel until these are depressed and the springs, levers or weights
are so adjusted that the load must be lifted before sufficient force is exerted to
depress these stops. Suitable slides may be fixed to prevent the carriage riding
over the stops. One stop only may be used if preferred, this falling into suitable
grooves or other preparation (adjustable or otherwise) on the lower table.
A standard carries an engine or engines fitted by preference with reversing gear
and secured in a suitable manner and position to the standard. This standard also
carries the necessary crank shaft, second motion shaft, cam shaft, gearing and
bearings and ram guides, and on its bottom portion at each side are secured
suitable movable blocks on which the bed of pigs rests while undergoing the
breaking process.
The cam shaft is fitted with the following parts viz. :-one sow
breaking cam for breaking the sow by means of a vertical thrust through the
medium of an eccentric and ram; one pig breaking cam for breaking one, two,
three, or more pigs at once, by means of an eccentric strap and rod actuating a
toggle joint arrangement which is adjustable to take any depth of pig; one feed
cam actuating the rod which gives motion' to the levers, causing the table to rise,
fall and reciprocate; one cam for actuating a binding wedge and block through the
medium of a lever connected to the wedge at one end by means of a pin, and at the
opposite end connected to the standard by means of an adjustable spring and guiding
eye. The connection of connecting rod to this lever is made at any convenient
position above or below the spring. The cam shaft is also fitted with a large spur
wheel and suitable journals.
The action of the machine is as follows:-The bed of pigs being placed on the
girders between which the feed table reciprocates it is raised, carried forward and
placed under the breaking ram; the wedge block then descends and secures the sow
in position while the breaking ram following breaks off one two or more pigs. Then

page_text: the rams ascend, the sow is released and the feed table, which in the meantime has
been carried back to its original position, again brings the bed of pigs forward, and
the action is repeated. The sow which was under the wedge is now carried forward
beneath the sow breaking ram, the wedge block grips another portion of the sow,
the pig breaking ram descends & breaks off the pigs, and the sow breaking ram
descends and breaks off the sow. The feed may be thrown out of gear by simply
raising the connecting rod between this and the main machine.
The whole machine is secured to a foundation and delivers the broken metal by
means, of a shoot to, any, desired position.
Dated this 30th day of November 1893.
WHEATLEY & MACKENZIE,
40, Chancery Lane, London, W.C., Agents..
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Machinery for Breaking Pig Iron.
We SAMUEL THOMAS CROASDELL, of Windsor Lodge, Moresby,, Whitehaven
in the County of Cumberland; Engineer, and BENJAMIN JAMES HALL, of
Overdale, Workington, also in the County of Cumberland, Engineer, do hereby
declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be
performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement :-
This invention relates to the construction of an improved machine for breaking
into short lengths the beds of pig, iron into which the produce of blast furnaces is
usually run.
In the accompanying two sheets of illustrative drawing,.
Fig. 1 is a sectional elevation through the centre of the machine and
Fig. 2 is a transverse sectional elevation of breaker, showing the section of, feed.
table and gear.
A horizontal feeding table A of any convenient length is fitted with lifting and
traversing motion actuated from a single eccentric or cam fixed on the main or cam
shaft through the medium of suitable levers and cranks. This table. A works
between girders or frames B on which the bed of pigs C is placed and along which
it is carried by the action of the movable table. The feed table is made in two.
parts, the upper portion A being separate from the lower portion A', but working
therein by means of suitable slide blocks. A in horn. cheeks or guides A³ forming
part of the lower table. It is raised by means of levers D pivoted on its underside
and working on wheels Drolling on the upper side of the lower table A' and
working between stops E E which may be made adjustable to give the necessary lift.
It is considered advisable to bring the forward stop E' a little past the centre lines.
that when the load is raised it falls slightly carrying, the levers D in the direction
in which the carriage will have to travel, before the travel commences, thus
ensuring perfect steadiness. The carriage works on wheels F between the side
frames or girders B and between suitable stops which may be made adjustable for
any travel. These stops are arranged with springs or levers, and weights in such
a manner that the carriage cannot travel in either direction until the stops are
depressed, and the springs or levers and weights are so adjusted that the load must
be lifted or lowered before the stops can be depressed. In the drawings the
machine is shown with one stop G only; this stop engages with a cam G' and, on
the lower table A' arriving at either extremity of its travel, is forced upward
beyond the end of the said cam and prevents the return of the table until it is again
depressed by the rocker H, the, tappets H¹ of which engage with a
cam D²
on the shaft D³ and cause the rocker to move about the centre and so force the
stop G downwards free of the cam G¹.
A strong standard K in one or more pieces of steel or iron carries an engine or

page_text: engines L-steam, air, or hydraulic,- fitted by preference with reversing gear and
secured in a suitable manner and position. This standard also carries a crank:
shaft M second motion shaft N and cam shaft P, gearing, bearings and ram guides.
The movable blocks on which the bed of pigs rest whilst being broken are also-
carried at the bottom of this standard.
"
The cam shaft P is fitted with the following parts, viz. :-A sow breaking cam (
for breaking the sow by means of a vertical thrust through the medium of an
eccentric strap Q' and ram Q. A pig breaking cam R for breaking one two three-
or more pigs at one stroke by means of an eccentric strap and rod R' actuating a.
toggle joint combination R' and a breaking ram R' in front of cam shaft and
nearer to the feed table. The toggle combination R2 is made adjustable with ram
and screw R to take pigs of various thickness.
A feed cam S is connected to and actuates the levers S₁ causing the table A to-
rise fall and reciprocate. A cam T actuates a binding wedge T' and block T
through the medium of a lever T³ connected to the wedge T at one end by means.
of a pin T, and at the opposite end to the standard K by means of an adjustable
spring T and guiding eye T. The rod T' between the cam and the lever is.
attached at a convenient position between the wedge and the spring as shown. The
wedge T thus travels sufficiently to cause the wedge block T to bind tightly on
the sow V. The range of travel in the block is sufficient for a considerable varia-
tion in the thickness of sow to be gripped. After the sow is secured, the wedge
becomes stationary until the outward stroke, and the action of the cam is merely to.
compress the spring Ts during the remainder of the inward stroke. The cam.
shaft P is also fitted with a large spur wheel U engaging with a spur pinion U¹ on
the shaft N. A spur wheel U is secured to the opposite end of shaft N and this.
engages with a spur pinion U³ on engine shaft M. All the shafts rotate in suitable
bearings. The action of the machine is as follows:-The bed of pigs C being.
placed by suitable means on the girders B between which the feed table A recipro-
cates, it is raised, carried forward and placed underneath the breaking ram R³; the
wedge block T then descends and secures the sow in position; the breaking
ram R³ following snaps off one, two, or more pigs, the rams ascend, the sow is.
released and the feed table A, which in the meantime has been carried back to its
original position, again brings the bed of pigs forward, and the action is repeated ;:
this time the sow V which was under the wedge block T is carried forward
beneath the sow breaking ram Q³, the wedge block T² grips another portion of the.
sow V, the pig breaking ram R³ descends and snaps off the pigs and the sow
breaking ram Q2 descends and snaps off the sow.
In the arrangement shown the feed may be thrown out of gear by raising the
lever W and weight Was will be readily understood.
The whole machine is secured to a suitable foundation and delivers the broken
metal by means of a shoot, to any desired position.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what we
claim is :-
1. In a pig iron breaking machine the arrangement and combination of
mechanism for feeding the pig iron forward, the whole substantially as described.
2. In a pig iron breaking machine, the wedge gripping device operated auto-
matically from the cam shaft to secure the pigs in position during the breaking
operation, the whole arranged and constructed substantially as described.
3. The combination of parts constituting our improved pig iron breaking machine,
the whole arranged, constructed and operating substantially as described in the
foregoing Specification and illustrated in the drawings hereunto annexed.
Dated this 2nd day of June 1894.
WHEATLEY & MACKENZIE,
40, Chancery Lane, London, W.C., Agents.