matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN VELOCIPEDES
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Friedrich Heinrich Wilhelm
Heuer at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his
Petition, on the 4th September 1869.-A communication from
abroad by John Mickelthwate, of Leipziz, and Bernhard Röber, of
Brunswick.
,
I, FRIEDRICH HEINRICH WILHELM HEUER, of No. 2, South Place
Finsbury, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN VELOCIPEDES," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in velocipedes. The.
vehicle is provided with two wheels, one behind the other, as in the
ordinary bicycle; they are connected together by a frame carrying their
axes and made in two parts jointed together between the wheels. The
seat or saddle is carried upon a spring bar fixed upon the forward part
of the frame. The hinder end of this bar may be supported on a spiral
spring to give greater elasticity. The axis of the leading wheel has
cranks upon it, one on either side of the wheel, and the rider drives the
vehicle by his feet placed on these cranks. The steering of the vehicle
is effected by means of two vertical handles turning on centres one on

page_text: either side of the front portion of the frame, and these handles are con-
nected by links to a yoke fixed to the front of the after part of the frame
and so by means of the handles the two parts of the frame and the
two wheels they carry may be caused to incline the one to the other.
Or a single handle turning horizontally may be used, this handle being
in a similar manner connected by links with the yoke on the after
part of the frame. A pair of wheels may be used in place of the
single wheel at the back of the vehicle.
IMPROVEMENTS IN VELOCIPEDES
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Keighley at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 14th
April 1869.
I, GEORGE KEIGHLEY, Engineer, of Burnley, in the County of
Lancaster, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN VELOCIPEDES," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in the first place in so constructing velocipedes
that the driving wheels are caused to revolve at a greater speed than
the crank levers or treadles by which they are driven. I accomplish
this as follows:-The cranks are not fixed direct to the driving wheel
or its axis, but they act thereon through the intervention of some suitable
mechanism (such, for instance, as the well known "sun-and-planet
motion), which has the effect of increasing the speed so that the driving
wheel revolves at a greater speed than the crank. Some suitable and
well-known disengaging or locking motion may be applied to this
mechanism, by means of which the crank may be caused to act direct
when going up hill, or in cases where slow speed is required.
In the second place my Invention consists in so arranging the
velocipede that it may readily be converted from a "two wheel" into

page_text: a "three wheel," and vice versa. This I accomplish as follows:-The
back of the main frame is made of the form generally used for two
wheels but it is so arranged that the wheel at the back may be readily
taken out. A longer axis is then put in and two wheels are put on,
one on either side outside the main frame.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF STEPS FOR THE DOORS OF RAILWAY AND OTHER CARRIAGES
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Pyne at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 18th
February 1869.
I, RICHARD PYNE, of 25, Wellington Street, Strand, London, Builder,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF STEPS FOR THE DOORS OF RAILWAY AND OTHER
CARRIAGES," to be as follows, that is to say :-
My Invention has for its object the construction of a step for carriage
doors such that when the door is opened the step shall with the same
motion be thrown out so as to give a firm rest for the foot of the person
ascending or descending, and when the door is shut the motion of
shutting will close the step. Upon the bottom end of the carriage
door is affixed a stirrup or suspender turning freely with the door;
attached to this is a step of wood or metal so arranged that when the
door is shut it projects underneath the carriage, but when the door is
opened it radiates from the stirrup and projects in the front of the door
in a line with the carriage so as to form the step; a guide bar under-
neath it serves both to guide and support it. In place of having the
step all in one piece, as last described, I form it sometimes in two, three,

page_text: or more strips; these are mounted upon a parallel motion arrangement,
and the whole attached to the stirrup and fixed to the door, as before
described. Upon the door being opened the parallel motion is made to
act, the strips or steps which had been parallel to the direction of the
carriage and lying over each other are thrown outwards and spread out
parallel, forming a broad step, which when the door is shut closes up
again.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR LESSING' WARPS IN MACHINES CALLED 'SLASHERS
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Eccles at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 22nd April
1869.
I, JAMES ECCLES, of Black Lane, Radcliffe, in the County of
Lancaster, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR LESSING' WARPS IN MACHINES CALLED
'SLASHERS,'" to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to afford a means of "lessing
"leasing "the warp or yarn in machines called "slashers," which are
employed for dressing yarns and winding them on to the weaver's beam.
The apparatus which I propose to employ for this purpose consists
principally of two metallic combs or open reeds attached to bars of wood,
iron, or other suitable material, which are so hinged together that the
points of the teeth of the combs or reeds may be either brought into
close contact or separated a certain distance apart, the combs also being
so arranged that the points of the teeth of one comb come opposite to
the spaces between the teeth of the other, and vice versa, so that when
the combs are brought together the yarn cannot enter the spaces between

page_text: the teeth in either of the combs; each tooth however has cut in its
extreme point a shallow notch sufficient to hold one thread. This double
comb is applied to the warp at the rest or rail, over which it passes to
the weaver's beam, where the yarn is perfectly level and even, and is
pressed upwards beneath the yarn, which at this point has a downward
strain, and hence it receives and supports one thread in the notch upon
the end of each tooth. It follows that as the teeth of one comb are
opposite the spaces of the other comb each alternate thread is upheld by
the teeth of one comb, whilst the intermediate threads rest on the teeth
of the other comb, and upon separating these two combs a certain
distance the yarns or threads which are supported by the notches in the
points of the front comb are drawn down between the teeth of the back
comb, those passing over the teeth of the back comb being drawn down
between the dents of the first comb, and thus the "lessing" or alternate
crossing or shedding of the warp threads is effected.
IMPROVEMENTS IN TAPS OR COCKS USED FOR DRAWING OFF WATER AND OTHER LIQUIDS FROM CASKS OR OTHER VESSELS
Year: 1869

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Alexander Louden, of Ceres, in the County of
Fife, North Britain, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN TAPS OR
COCKS USED FOR DRAWING OFF WATER AND OTHER LIQUIDS FROM CASKS OR
OTHER VESSELS."
Sealed the 7th December 1869, and dated the 3rd August 1869.
3rd August 1869.
I, ALEXANDER LOUDEN, of Ceres, in the County of Fife, North Britain,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
TAPS OR COCKS USED FOR DRAWING OFF WATER AND OTHER LIQUIDS FROM CASES OR
OTHER VESSELS," to be as follows, that is to say:-
This Invention, which relates to certain improvements in taps or cocks
for drawing off water or other liquids from casks or other vessels,

page_text: consists in providing such taps or cocks with means for straining the
water or other liquids, so that any impurities or deleterious matter which
may be mixed with the water or other liquids may be separated at the
time they are drawn off or out of the casks or other vessels.
The Invention is carried into effect by fitting the mouth of the tap or
cock with a chamber which is screwed or otherwise fixed thereto. The
chamber contains one or more diaphragms or divisions of wire gauze
which may be of different degrees of fineness; the water or liquid on
passing through the wire gauze becomes therefore strained, and in place
of using wire gauze alone one or more filtering or purifying materials
may also be contained in the chamber either with or without the wire
gauze, such as powdered charcoal, sand, or other suitable substance in a
finely divided state.
IMPROVEMENTS IN VELOCIPEDES
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Richardson at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 25th
May 1869.
I, ROBERT RICHARDSON, of 28, Great George Street, Westminster,
in the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN VELOCIPEDES," to be as
follows:-
My Invention has for its object the construction of velocipedes or
such like vehicles so as to obtain increased stability and to render them
capable of being used by persons inexperienced in the working of such
instruments. For this purpose I place the wheels one behind the other
but not in the same plane, and arrange the seat or seats so that the
load instead of having to be balanced unstably upon the one line in
which the wheels as at present arranged touch the ground is supported
upon and between the parallel lines in which the wheels run.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LAMPS
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Henry Jones at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 9th July
1869.
I, JOHN HENRY JONES, of Field Terrace, New Wandsworth, Engineer,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
LAMPS," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in lamps for illumi-
nating public buildings, apartments, railway and other carriages from
the ceiling or roof, and consists in admitting air direct to the burner by
a short tube, which is either fitted into or formed in one piece with the
outer glass casing. The tube of the burner, which I prefer to be of the
ordinary Argand construction, fits into this short air tube, and in order
to prevent the light from being tampered with a perforated plate may
be secured to the mouth of or fixed inside the air tube. I sometimes
connect a pipe with the upper part of the lamp, and pass it between the
ceiling and flooring boards into the ordinary chimney flue in order to
carry off the hot air and products of combustion.
IMPROVEMENTS IN RAILWAYS
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederick Render at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 30th
March 1869.
I, FREDERICK RENDER, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster,
Corn Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN RAILWAYS," to be as follows:-
My Invention refers to a method of joining rails of railways, the
object being a substitute for "fish" or other joints used under similar
circumstances. With this view I form notches across the ends of two
rails to be joined, in which I place a piece formed with a T end on
cach side, and these T ends abut against the "fins" or other sides of
the rails.
IMPROVEDENIS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ELASTIC RUBBERS
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Louis Sterne, James Archibald
Jaques, and John Americus Fanshawe at the Office of the Com-
missioners of Patents, with their Petition, on the 13th January
1809.
We, LOUIS STERNE, of New York City, in the United States of
America, at present residing in Great Queen Street, Westminster,
Engineer, and JAMES AROHIBALD JAQUES, Chemist, and JOHN AMERICUS
FANSHAWE, Engineer, both of Tottenham, in the County of Middlesex,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEDENIS
IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ELASTIC RUBBERS," to be as follows:-
Our Invention of "Improvements in the Manufacture of Elastic
Rubbers" relates to that class of articles which are made of porous
rubber, sometimes called rubber sponge.
The object of the Invention is to manufacture the articles in such a
manner as will prevent them from getting out of shape when in use.
To this end we combine the soft, porous, spongy rubber with a skeleton
or framing of some more solid or rigid substance which will maintain

page_text: its shape, such for instance as solid vulcanized india-rubber or hard
rubber.
In carrying out our Invention we arrange bars or pieces of this solid
substance in any convenient manner, as for instance in the form of a
cross or of a rectangular or oval frame or skeleton with cross bars or
cells; the composition to form the spongy or porous rubber is placed in
the cells or interstices between the solid parts, and the whole being
submitted to the vulcanizing process all the several parts will be firmly
united together, and will produce an article composed partly of a solid
substance and partly of a porous or spongy substance. Rubbers or
brushes for toilette or other purposes (and made of various forms and
shapes) may be manufactured in this manner with a combination of
skeleton framing of some solid substance and spongy or porous rubber.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF BUOYS AND OTHER FLOATING SEA MARKS
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward William Hawes at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
7th August 1869.
I, EDWARD WILLIAM HAWES, of Balmoral Lodge, Clontarf, in the
County of Dublin, Ireland, Commander in Her Majesty's Navy, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF BUOYS AND OTHER FLOATING SEA MARKS," to be as
follows:-
This Invention has for its object the construction of buoys or other
floating sea marks of such materials as to render them more buoyant.
than those at present in use, so that in the event of their receiving any
of the injuries consequent to such floating sea marks they will not be
lost, but from their being composed of floating materials any or all of
their parts may be recovered. For this purpose I form the buoy or
other floating sea mark with a solid or hollow tiniber bottom, which
latter may or may not be filled with cork or other suitable material.
From this bottom rises a mast or support of iron or timber, which
carries frames or decks, which in their turn support laths or a frame-

page_text: work upon which is stretched a covering of vulcanized india-rubber or
other suitable material.
Buoys or other floating sea marks of the above construction are
more buoyant, float much more lightly than the sheet-iron or timber
ones heretofore in use, and a great saving is effected in their con-
struction as also in the weight of the chains and anchors or sinkers
used therewith.
IMPROVED HOLDERS FOR SUPPLYING THREAD TO SEWING AND EMBROIDERING MACHINES, AND APPARATUS FOR FILLING SUCH HOLDERS
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John James Nancy at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 16th
October 1869.-A communication from abroad by Jules Jourjon, of
Lyons, in the Empire of France.
I, JOHN JAMES NANOY, of Hatton Garden, in the County of
Middlesex, Commission Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVED HOLDERS FOR SUPPLYING THREAD TO SEWING
AND EMBROIDERING MACHINES, AND APPARATUS FOR FILLING SUCH HOLDERS," a
Communication to me from abroad by Jules Jourjon, of Lyons, in the
Empire of France, to be as follows:-
For this purpose instead of winding the thread upon a reel or bobbin
as heretofore the thread is first wound upon a pin or wire, which is
mounted in bearings carried by suitable standards fixed to a bed plate,
which is capable of being clamped to a table by means of a screw and
fly nut. The axis carrying the pin or wire has fixed thereon a suitable
pulley, which rotary motion is given thereto. Upon the pin of wire
is mounted a stop, which is capable of adjustment so as to regulate the
length to which the thread is traversed on the pin or wire. A plate or

page_text: pusher is also mounted on said pin or wire, and serves to push the
thread (when sufficient has been wound on the pin or wire) off the pin
or wire into a holder consisting of a cylindrical tube closed at both ends
with the exception of a small hole at one end, through which the end of
the thread is led and a small hole at the other end through which the
pin or wire is withdrawn. The holders are made in two parts, one part
fitting tightly over the other. These holders when supplied with thread
may be mounted in the desired positions upon a machine, and the thread
drawn off from the inside thereof for use.
AN IMPROVED PORTFOLIO OR CASE FOR THE PRESERVATION OF LETTERS AND DOCUMENTS IN AN ALPHABETICAL OR OTHER ORDERLY MANNER
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Butler Rust at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
6th August 1869.
I, WILLIAM BUTLER RUST, of Sheffield, in the County of York, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED
PORTFOLIO OR CASE FOR THE PRESERVATION OF LETTERS AND DOCUMENTS IN AN
ALPHABETICAL OR OTHER ORDERLY MANNER," to be as follows:-
I secure inside the back of a portfolio or case of a similar character
of wood, cardboard, or other suitable material, loops or pieces of leather
or other suitable picces of material, in which metal eyes or rings are
inserted, or other openings are provided opposite each other, through
which eyes or rings are passed laces of leather or other suitable material,
or cords or strings in lieu thereof, the same also passing through eyes,
rings, or openings in leaves or partitions of wood, cardboard, or other
suitable material placed in the said portfolio or case, such leaves of
partitions having secured to each surface a number of india-rubber,
elastic, or pliable strands or pieces at suitable distances, either crossing
each other or parallel, as may be most suitable, so as to allot for
for
cach series of letters or documents a separate place or position, say,

page_text: instance, letters or documents beginning with the letter A should be
between certain apportioned bands or substitutes, those under B between
other bands or substitutes, and so on.
Instead of alphabetical order being adopted any other arrangement
which may be suitable may be substituted and used. The case or port-
folio may be fitted with blotting pad and other adjuncts, so as to form
a writing case.
In use it is simply necessary to slip the letters or documents into the
appointed place under the elastic or pliable bands secured to the leaves
or partitions, as above mentioned.
IMPROVEMENTS APPLICABLE TO CURTAIN POLES FOR BEDS AND OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Arthur Wiglesworth at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
5th June 1869.
I, ARTHUR WIGLESWORTH, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
APPLICABLE TO CURTAIN POLES FOR BEDS AND OTHER PURPOSES," to be as follows
(that is to say) :-
This Invention has for its object certain improvements applicable
to curtain poles or rods in general, but which are more peculiarly
adapted to the curtain poles of half-tester and other like beds, and
whereby the head or tester cloth may be readily removed or put on,
and the curtain rings put on to or taken off the rods at pleasure without
disturbing the tester, as now commonly requisite, and which desideratum
may be accomplished by simply fitting one end of the curtain rods
or poles with spiral, helical, or volute springs formed from steel wire
or other suitable material. The springs by preference are constructed
so that on pressure being applied thereto the volutes will fall one within
the other, and may be contracted to one diameter of the wire, they

page_text: having a circumference about equal to the curtain rod. The springs
may be attached to one end of the rods or placed within the holes
or recesses formed to receive the same in the pendants on the under
side of the tester, as commonly practised, the only difference being
that the recesses in the pendants are formed a little deeper that the
rods when in position may be withdrawn by hand from the recesses
in the bed posts to put on or take off the head cloth, or for putting on
or taking off the curtain rings.
In place of the spiral springs described other convenient form of
spring may be used, or the springs may be entirely dispensed with by
using a transverse pin or bolt for keeping the curtain rod in position
when in use, in which latter case the deep recess may be conveniently
formed in the bed post.
When the Invention is applied to, say, iron curtain rods a screwed
nut travelling the required distance on a screwed thread formed on
one end of the rod may be used with advantage if the reserve end is
formed square, or of any other polygonal sided form, and fitting the
same into a corresponding hole to prevent the rod from turning on
its longitudinal axis when the nut is being turned round; or a spiral
spring may be used which surrounds one end of the curtain rod for
a given distance, and abutting on a collar or transverse pin or its
mechanical equivalent.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LOAF SUGAR, CUTTING MACHINES
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Gustavus Edwin Born at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
24th December 1869.-A communication from abroad by Auton
Zeeden, of Berlin, in the Kingdom, of Prussia..
I. GUSTAVUS EDWIN BORN,, of 2; South Place, Finsbury, in the County
of Middlesex,. do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN LOAF SUGAR, CUTTING MACHINES" (a communication) to
be as follows:-
This Invention consists of a machine combining in the small compass
of about 4 feet long by 2 feet broad all the advantages of the loaf sugar
cutting machines now in use with the additional advantages of exceeding;
rapidity in working, so that a sugur loaf of the usual size may by means.
of it in the short space of five minutes be cut into cubes of any.
dimensions desired. It consists of six framed saws which move on four-
perpendicular standards; these saws cut the sugar loaf into slices or.
plates. These slices or plates are again divided by a circular saw, which,
may be placed in any position for obtaining the desired breadth. At the
upper end there is the moving work, which is likewise placed in different
positions according to the different sizes of the sugar cubes required.

page_text: The machine also gathers the different parts of the cut sugar into a
compartment. There is no loss whatever in this cutting process.
GENERAL WORKING OF MACHINE.
1st. The six saws cut the loaf lengthwise into strips or slices.
2nd. A circular saw divides these strips into bars of any desired
breadth.
3rd. A knife cuts these bars into cubes of any desired size.
4. The machine as it is worked by the crank collects all the pieces
of sugar, whether of a cubical or any other form, which some picces must
necessarily be on account of the conical form of the original loaf.
5. The machine sifts the dust arising from the sawing process by
means of a shaking sifter worked from the main shaft, so that no loss
is sustained.
6. The machine can be worked easily by two young lads, one to
turn the crank the other to adjust the slabs to the circular saw.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MARKERS FOR WHIST AND OTHER GAMES
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert William Munro at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
8th April 1869.
I, ROBERT WILLIAM MUNRO, of Clerkenwell Green, in the County
of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MARKERS FOR WHIST AND OTHER GAMES," to be as
follows:-
The Invention has for its object improvements in markers for whist
and other games. For this purpose I employ a suitable dial, on which
are printed, engraved, or otherwise indicated any given number of
figures or signs according to the requirements of the game for which it
is to be used, and I so arrange the marker that only one number or
other sign shall be caused to appear through a hole formed in a suitable
case at any given time. This dial is caused to rotate by means of a
driver or clawker acting upon a ratchet wheel fixed on the axis of
the dial, such driver or clawker being operated by a knob acting upon
one end of a lever, the opposite end of which acts upon a screw or spiral
formed on the axis of the dial in a similar manner to the stem of an

page_text: archimedean drill. A stop is connected to or carried by the lever so as
to prevent the dial travelling beyond the distance of one figure or sign
at each action upon the knob, and the ratchet wheel in rotating is
eaused to act upon a hammer or other suitable instrument, so that when
the marker has been advanced from one figure or sign to another an
audible indication may be given of such advance upon a bell or other
desired instrument..
In some cases. I also employ another dial upon which suitable figures:
or signs are marked, and I give motion to such second dial by rotating
the knob, before described, or by a separate knob employed for that
purpose, only one of such figures or other signs appearing at a given.
time through a hole formed in the case.
I would have it understood that although I prefer the above arrange-.
ment I do not confine myself to the precise details herein described,
as such may be varied without departing from the nature of my
Invention..
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MODE OF CUTTING AND SKIVING LEATHER AND OTHER MATERIALS, AND IN MEANS OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Nathaniel Smith, George Smith,
and Edwin Smith at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 2nd June 1869.
We, NATHANIEL SMITH, GEORGE SMITH, and EDWIN SMITH, all of
Thrapston, in the County of Northampton, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MODE OF CUTTING AND
SKIVING LEATHER AND OTHER MATERIALS, AND IN MEANS OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED
THEREIN," to be as follows:-
The Invention relates to improvements in the mode of cutting and
skiving leather and other materials, and in means or apparatus
employed therein, and consists, firstly, in so cutting the material into
the lengths and widths required that the skiving is effected at the
same time and by the same instrument which effects the cutting,
whereby the material which has been heretofore lost by skiving is
saved and time is considerably economised.
The Invention also consists in improvements in means or apparatus
for effecting the above objects. For this purpose we employ feed rollers
to feed the material up to the cutter in a somewhat similar mauuer

page_text: to that employed in ordinary skiving machines, but instead of mounting
the feed rollers close to the standard or support as in ordinary skiving
machines we mount such feed rollers on the outer ends of shafts or
axes extending a considerable distance from tho standard, and support
the bottom feed roller at each end in suitable bearings formed in the
bed of the machine, whilst the upper feed roller is capable as heretofore
of rising and falling according to the thickness of material under
operation, the axis of such upper feed roller being guided at its outer
end in a suitable guide formed at the outer end of an arm projecting
from the standard or support. The knife is mounted on an axis as
heretofore, and is supported at the desired angle by a fixed support
on which the inner or lower edge of the knife rests, the adjustment
for angle of cut being effected by sliding the knife nearer to or further
from the feed rollers, as required. The outer end of the arm at the
back of the knife is supported by means of a suitably formed bracket,
which is screwed thereto and to the hed of the machine. The leather
or other material to be cut and skived is supported on the bed of the
machine and passes on the inner side over, and at the outer side it
passes under such bracket. An adjustable gauge or fence is employed
and suitable marks or indications are made on the machine to facilitate
cutting the leather or other material to any desired dimensions. In
some cases the arm may be dispensed with.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR REGULATING THE FLOW OF WATER OR OTHER FLUIDS, APPLICABLE TO WATER CLOSETS AND OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Nicholas Voice at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 2nd
February 1869.
I, NICHOLAS VOICE, of Handcross, in the County of Sussex, Plumber,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN APPARATUS FOR REGULATING THE FLOW OF WATER OR OTHER FLUIDS, APPLICABLE
TO WATER CLOSETS AND OTHER PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
My apparatus for regulating the flow of water and other fluids consists
of a tube or passage of india-rubber, or other suitable flexible material,
in combination with a weighted lever, screw, or other appliance for
exerting pressure upon such flexible tube so as to prevent or diminish
the flow of fluid through the tube.
The manner in which my Invention may be carried into effect is as
follows:-I take, say, a tube of india-rubber and enclose it at one part of
its length in an outer tube of metal or other suitable material. This
outer tube is provided with a boss or enlargement in which a lever, screw,
or other appliance for exerting pressure on the rubber tube is fitted. If
the appliance for exerting pressure be a weighted lever it compresses the
portion of the rubber tube which is within the boss and thereby prevents
passage of water through it, but when the lever is raised by any ordinary

page_text: means the rubber tube is free to resume its normal form and to permit
the fluid to flow through it. If the appliance be a screw it is screwed
through the boss so as to exert pressure upon the rubber tube. An
appliance which I consider of advantage for some purposes is a plug,
the stem of which is hollowed at one side to fit round one side of the
rubber tube. This plug is passed through the hoss, and when it is turned
half round on its axis its full portion comes against the rubber tube and
exerts pressure thereon to stop the flow of the fluid, but when the hollow
portion is against the tube the latter resumes its normal shape. To
prevent the plug rising I form a groove round the upper part of the stem
and pass a pin or screw through the boss to take into the groove. I find
it desirable to surround the rubber tube with a short tube or collar
of rubber at the part where the pressure is exerted. The ends of the
rubber tubes or of the outer metal tubes may be connected to other
tubes or pipes according to the purposes to which my Invention is applied,
The screws, levers, or other appliances may be adjusted according to
requirement so as to entirely or only partially stop the passage of the
fluid,
The apparatus applies to supplying waterclosets with water, to taps,
cocks, valves, and to regulating the flow of fluids generally. In applying
it to closets, a weighted lever for exerting pressure on a flexible portion
of the tube leading from the cistern to the basin may be lifted, when the
pan valve drops, by an arm on the end of the spindle or axle of the pan
valve, this arm being adjustable, if desired, so as to regulate the distance
to which the weighted lever is raised.
IM- PROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF IRON
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Brown at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 14th
June 1869.
I, RICHARD BROWN, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North
Britain, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF IRON," to be as follows, that is to
say:-
This Invention relates to the economising of the heat required for
the manufacture of iron from its ores, and the carrying out of it gives
rise to various other important advantages. The Invention is applicable
to black band or carbonaceous ironstones of all kinds, and also to
clay band ironstones, which it has heretofore been the practice to
ignite or calcine in bings or open calcining heaps. It is the common
practice to allow such bings or heaps to become cold after the calcining
process, under which circumstances the calcined materials absorb large
quantities of moisture from the atmosphere, or otherwise, by which not
only is their weight increased, involving increased payment for
lordship, labor, carriage, and other contingencies, but also a propor-
tionate quantity of fuel is required in the smelting furnace to drive

page_text: off the moisture and to bring the materials up to the heat at which
it is now proposed to introduce them. By the present Invention the
heat imparted to the materials in the calcining process herein-before
referred to is taken advantage of, and the materials are transferred to
the smelting furnace as soon after the completion of the calcining
process as it is possible or convenient to carry them from the heaps
to the furnace, and in all cases before the calcined materials become
cool enough to absorb moisture. By these means the fuel is saved
that at present is required to re-expel the moisture and to bring the
materials up to the comparatively elevated temperature at which it
is now proposed to introduce them into the smelting furnace. It will
also follow that the charges into the furnace will be proportionally
richer in metal, and the various expenses connected with the manufacture
will bear a less proportion than heretofore to the metal turned out.
THE APPLICATION AND TREATMENT OF MATERIAL FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF PULP FOR PAPER
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alexander Melville Clark at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 12th March 1869.-A communication from abroad by Joseph
Marcel Marseille Jaubert, retired Paper Maker, of Marseilles, in the
Empire of France.
I, ALEXANDER MELVILLE CLARK, of 53, Chancery Lane, in the
County of Middlesex, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "THE APPLICATION AND TREATMENT OF
MATERIAL FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF PULP FOR PAPER," to be as follows:-
A NEW
This Invention relates to the production of pulp from the hop bine
suitable for the manufacture of paper. For this purpose I first cut up
the bine into suitable lengths by mechanical means, whether in a green
or dry condition, and then subject it to a series of washings in water
until the ligneous fibres are perfectly purified. In this condition I
immerse the material in water contained in perfectly closed reservoirs
and introduce a current of hydrochloric acid in vapor, which is main-
tained for a greater or less length of time according to the nature of the
bine under treatment and the quality of the pulp desired to be produced.
I may also subject the bine to the action of more or less concentrated

page_text: solutions of oxalic acid, which I have found by experiment to answer the
purpose perfectly.
I reserve the right of using the above means either alone or combined
with other known means employed for bleaching pulp for the manu-
facture of paper.
By the above improved means I am enabled to produce a pulp from
the hop bine which is afterwards passed through the several stages for
the manufacture of the various qualities of paper.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF EXPANDING CASKETS FOR JEWELS AND OTHER ARTICLES
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Bernoulli Barlow at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 7th April 1869.-A communication from abroad by Jules
Mathieu, of Paris, in the Empire of France, Civil Engineer.
I, HENRY BERNOULLI BARLOW, of the City of Manchester, in the
County of Lancaster, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF EXPANDING
CASKETS FOR JEWELS AND OTHER ARTICLES," being a communication to me
from abroad by Jules Mathieu, of Paris, in the Empire of France, Civil
Engineer, to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in making caskets with a fixed centre piece
and with expanding or radiating compartments, the number and size
of which can be varied according to the particular purpose for which
the casket is required; the compartments open out horizontally, so that
the contents of the whole may be exposed to view. These caskets can
be made of metal, glass, ivory, or wood, either plain or inlaid, and
ornamented or not.
A convenient mode of constructing these improved caskets is as
follows: To the base plate are attached two side compartments,

page_text: between which is a drawer opening from both sides and secured by a
spring and pin; above these are four small inner compartments hinged
to the partition which supports an upper central compartment, to which
two other side compartments are hinged; there are also two more side
compartments hinged outside the four small inner compartments. The
whole is surmounted by a cover which can be closed so as to secure all
the compartments by one lock and key or a padlock. The upper central
compartment can be made with a barrel, on which bracelets are placed,
and for the convenience of taking out or putting in a bracelet this
barrel has a spindle with a screw, so that on being turned round it is
raised partially out of the compartment.
The arrangement above described is only given as an illustration of
the mode of constructing these expanding caskets; the disposition can
be varied considerably.
AN IMPROVED SIDE ARM FOR CLEARING. THE CHAMBERS AND RIFLING OF ORDNANCE
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Tyndale Greenfield at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
25th March 1869.
I, JOHN TYNDALE GREENFIELD, of Pencester Street, Dover, in the
County of Kent, a Lieutenant in Her Majesty's Royal Artillery, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED SIDE
ARM FOR CLEARING. THE CHAMBERS AND RIFLING OF ORDNANCE," to be as
follows:-
This Invention is designed to supersede the sponge and searchers at
present employed for clearing the chambers and rifling of ordnance and
which have been found very defective in practice, and consists in
substituting in lieu thereof an implement or side arm which shall
perform the double office of sponge and searcher. The principle I
have sought to attain is to so construct an implement that it shall
enter the bore of the gun at low guage and withdraw high guage, so
as to get behind and lay hold of any portions of unburnt cartridge
case that may be at the bottom of the chamber or breech of the gun,
and bring it out, lighted or not, clear of the muzzle of the gun.

page_text: The improved side arm or implement above referred to, consists of a
brush made of coir (or bass) let into a drum of wood similar to that
of the present sponge head, the bristles are set helically around the
said drum so that they have a lay or incline all in one direction
horizontally, I also propose to form the hinder part of the brush head
smaller in diameter than the fore part thereof, and have the bristles
longer than those that are in front for the purpose of enabling the
longer bristles to sweep well into the deep grooving of rifled guns.
The effect of an implement of the above construction is as follows:-
When inserted into the bore of a gun it moves home very easily by
reason of the bristles being compressible, but when pushed home and
supposing the said bristles all to incline to. the right by turning the
brush in the same direction as the lay of the bristles they will be set
up or raised, and thus brought into close contact with the chamber or
breech of the gun and seize hold of any substance adhering thereto,
and the act of withdrawing the said brush. and giving a gentle turn
to the stave sets the bristles still more erect causing them to scrape
the whole periphery of the bore of the gun and keeping in their grip
and withdrawing any loose substance the bristles may have come into
contact with. By the use of an implement of the above construction
I am enabled to keep the gun clean and free from all substances that
might catch fire at the next round or foul the gun and cause miss
fire.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR CONSUMING SMокЕ
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Ralph Idle and George Naylor
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition,
on the 17th December 1869.
We, RALPH IDLE and GEORGE NAYLOR, both of Earls Heaton, near
Dewsbury, in the County of York, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR CONSUMING SMокЕ,"
to be as follows:-
This Invention of improvements in apparatus for consuming smoke
will be readily understood by reference to the accompanying Drawings.
Fig. 1 is a side view of an iron flue fixed to the end of a boiler in
the form of a rectangular parallelogram, ten or eleven inches wide, and
about two feet six inches in depth (which will vary according to the
size of the boiler); this flue is furnished with 6 dampers and 2 hinged
doors, chains, rods, and pulleys, with which it is worked, and as shewn
on Drawings. Supposing the left hand door in Fig. 2 be opened for
fuel, and the door being closed again, the damper No. 5, represented in
Fig. 3, shuts, and the damper No. 6 in the same Figure opens at the
same time and receives the newly made smoke after it has passed
northward up the flue of the boiler, it then passes along the end of the

page_text: flue westward, thence up the southward side to the damper No. 1 in
Fig. 3, it then enters the iron tube or flue at the west end through
damper No. 3, and passes on through damper No. 6 into the highly
heated fire, where it is consumed. The smoke made, in the right
hand fire undergoes a similar process, and is in its turn consumed by
the left hand fire when at its greatest heat. So that it will be seen
while one fire is at its greatest heat the other fire is being fed and its
smoke consumed, and so on alternately and continuously.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF IRON KEGS AND OTHER METAL CASES
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Swift at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 21st
September 1869.
I, RICHARD SWIFT, of 2, Hardy Terrace, Hounslow, in the County
of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF IRON KEGS AND OTHER
METAL CASES," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to produce iron kegs and other metal
cases perfectly air and water tight, so that the contents shall not be
injured by leakage or effected by the atmosphere. In order to
accomplish this I stamp or press a cover similar to the one shewn in the
accompanying Drawing A, with a recess or hollow ridge bent over at
the edge as shewn at B, for the purpose of receiving one or more leather,
india-rubber, felt, metal, vegetable, or cement washers. The cover is
then placed on the top of the body of the keg C, and by a suitable or
ordinary pressure being placed on the same it is squeezed or fastened
down to a firm bearing, when the edge of the body is ambeded in the
washer in the cover and makes a firm joint. The clips D are then

page_text: soldered or fastened down; the pressure is then removed from the keg
or case and it is perfectly air and water tight, thus obviating the
great difficulty which has hitherto been experienced in retaining the
oil or other liquids in paints or other goods, as well as forming a cheap
package for transporting cutlery, rifles, or other bright goods without
the danger of their being effected by the atmospheric air or water.
I do not bind myself to the peculiar manner of placing or fastening the
clips, as I may occasionally pass a rod or bolt through the centre of
body of keg or case, and by means of washers & nuts screw it up in.
that manner, and thus make the joint perfectly air and water tight. 1
The bottom (of the keg or case) and seam are made sound in the
ordinary way or by dipping or soldering in the usual manner.
In order to obviate the objection of bending the clips backwards &
forwards in unpacking the goods I fasten the clips on to the cover, which
are bent over the recess or hollow ridge of the cover, and are then 1
soldered or otherwise fastened on to the hoop or body of keg or case,
thus enabling them to be used for a long period without danger of
breakage or injury.
IM- PROVED MODE OF AND APPARATUS FOR UTILISING MAN'S MUSCULAR POWER WHEN EMPLOYED IN DRIVING MACHINERY
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles De Bergue at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
27th September 1869.
I, CHARLES DE BERGUE, of No. 10, Strand, in the City of Westminster,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IM-
PROVED MODE OF AND APPARATUS FOR UTILISING MAN'S MUSCULAR POWER WHEN
EMPLOYED IN DRIVING MACHINERY," to be as follows:-
The Invention comprises the driving a machine or apparatus by the
action of the legs and feet of the human body in an improved manner,
namely, so as not only that the trunk of the body may lie in a position
of rest, but that the legs while being free for exerting power may work
the feet to and fro' in a direction substantially in line with the body (as
when a man is ascending a ladder) or in a slightly curved path in line
therewith, but not at right angles to the body as when walking or partly
so, as when the feet are working on a crank or crank pins the weight
of the feet and legs being also supported by the machinery or apparatus
to be worked, or otherwise, as occasion may require. This will be better
understood by contrasting it with the manner of applying power as

page_text: exerted in the ordinary and many of the now popular pedo-locomotive
carriages called velocipedes, bycicles, and trycicles, in which the feet
(and the legs with them) while acting on the cranks have their weight
unsupported (excepting by the cranks), and consequently for half a
revolution require power to be exerted in opposition to their gravity,
and sometimes also in opposition to impulse.
The present Invention, which contemplates the entire or nearly entire
saving of the muscular effort so exerted may be used in constructing
pedo-locomotive carriages, and indeed the driving of light machinery
generally, including the propulsion of small boats by paddle wheels,
screws, or other propellers. The apparatus may consist of horizontal or
inclined couch or rest for the trunk of the body of the rider or operator,
who is supposed to. lie on his back, and of slings, props, guides, or other
supports for his feet or legs in combination with levers, connecting rods,
cranks,, shafts, or with any mechanical means or appliances for con-
veying to any particular machine or use the muscular power exerted
in alternately drawing. in and forcing out the legs and feet, the latter
working to and fro' in a generally straight or only slightly curved path,
and which power. by this Invention, is not (as in many other cases)
limited by the weight of the body.
For locomotive purposes the couch may form, a carriage body and
may rest on springs, axles, and wheels, and being driven as above
described.