AN IMPROVED CONSTRUCTION OF METAL MOULDS FOR CASTING COPPER CYLINDERS
Year: 1880

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Eric Hugo Waldenström and William Sumner, both of
Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Engineers, for an Invention of
"AN IMPROVED CONSTRUCTION OF METAL MOULDS FOR CASTING COPPER
CYLINDERS."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Eric Hugo Waldenström and
William Sumner at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 27th
February 1880.
ERIC HUGO WALDENSTRÖM and WILLIAM SUMNER, both of Manchester, in the
County of Lancaster, Engineers. "AN IMPROVED CONSTRUCTION OF METAL MOULDS
FOR CASTING COPPER CYLINDERS."
In casting copper cylinders by the ordinary method the metal is poured directly
into the mould at its top end, and when the fluid metal falls to the bottom it
splashes on to the sides of the mould; some portions of the metal are also apt to
come in contact with and adhere to the sides of the mould. In those cases where
hollow cylinders are cast the metal in falling comes also in contact with and adheres
to the central core or mandril. These portions of the metal become chilled and
form cold sets in the casting. Another class of cold sets is produced by the ordinary
system of filling the mould by a number of ladels full of molten metal poured one
after the other, thus giving an irregular or intermittent flow of metal. By pouring
the molten metal directly into the top of the mould air is carried down with the
metal, and becomes confined in the casting, and thus produces porosity, nor can
the metal contract freely and uniformly, owing to the manner of its setting in
cooling, and thus contraction cavities are produced.
Now our Invention consists in forming a chamber in or adjoining the wall of the
metal mould or moulds, which chamber is, by preference, made parallel to the axis
of the mould. This chamber we connect to the lower portion, or to the bottom of
the interior of the mould by an aperture, which we prefer to make tangential, or
nearly so, to the inner circumference of the mould, so as to give the molten metal
in the mould a rotary motion; the metal being poured at a suitable speed into the

page_text: outside chamber is kept at a higher level in this chamber than it is in the interior
of the mould, and owing to this difference in level the metal enters the mould in a
continuous and regular stream at or near the bottom of the mould. This, combined
with the rotary motion given to the metal, causes the whole mass from top to
bottom to remain for a longer time in a fluid state; the air and gases thus escape
freely, the cooling takes place with greater regularity, and contraction cavities are
avoided.
By means of this improvement also the liability to make defective castings
through portions of the metal becoming chilled, and forming cold sets is entirely
avoided. It may be found preferable to make the aperture.connecting the outside 1
chamber with the inside of the mould a vertical slit, and in some cases this slit may
be the full length of the mould.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Eric Hugo Waldenström and William Sumner in the Great Seal
Patent Office on the 25th August 1880.
ERIC HUGO WALDENSTRÖM and WILLIAM SUMNER, both of Manchester, in the
County of Lancaster, Engineers. " AN IMPROVED CONSTRUCTION OF METAL
MOULDS FOR CASTING COPPER CYLINDERS."
Our Invention consists in forming a chamber in or adjoining the wall of the
metal mould or moulds, which chamber is, by preference, made parallel to the axis
of the mould. This chamber we connect to the lower portion, or to the bottom of
the interior of the mould, by an aperture, which we prefer to make tangential, or
nearly so, to the inner circumference of the mould, so as to give the molten metal
in the mould a rotary motion.
The metal being poured at a suitable speed into the outside chamber is kept at a
higher level in this chamber than it is in the interior of the mould, and owing to
this difference in level the metal enters the mould in a continuous and regular
stream at or near the bottom of the mould. This, combined with the rotary motion
given to the metal, causes tho whole mass from top to bottom to remain for a longer
time in a fluid state; the air and gases thus escape freely, the cooling takes place
with greater regularity, and contraction cavities are avoided.
It may be found preferable to make the aperture connecting the outside chamber
with the inside of the mould a vertical slit, and in some cases this slit may be the full
length, or almost the full length, of the mould.
And in order that our Invention may be fully understood, and readily carried
o effect, wo will describe the accompanying Sheet of Drawings, reference being
id to the Figures and letters marked thereon. Similar letters of reference indicato
orresponding parts on the different views.
Fig. 1 is an elevation in section, and Fig. 2 is a plan of a metal mould for casting
copper cylinders made according to our Invention; a is the outer portion or wall
of the mould; b is the interior in which the cylinder is cast; c is the mandril; dis
the cover of the mould; and , the bottom plate; e¹ is the chamber, and e is the
aperture, tangential, or nearly so, to the inner circumference of the mould, con-
necting the chamber with the lower portion of the interior of the mould; is a
hole, into which the mandril drops when it is knocked out of the casting. The
moulds are made in two parts, and are bolted together, as shewn at g.
Fig. 3 is an elevation in section, and Fig. 4 is a plan in section of a mould
similar to that shewn in Figs. 1 and 2, with the exception of the aperture con-
necting the chamber and the mould, which in this case extends from the bottom of
the mould almost to the top.
Fig. 5 is an elevation in section, and Fig. 6 is a plan in section of two moulds
connected together, with the chamber in the centre, and an aperture at each side
of the chamber extending from the bottom almost to the top of the moulds.
The moulds may also be used without the mandril.
The mode of operation is as follows:-The molten metal is poured continuously
into the chamber, and it is thus kept at a higher level in the chamber than in the
mould or moulds, and as it runs into the mould or moulds at a tangent through
the aperturo e a rotary motion is imparted to it; the molten metal remains longer
in a fluid state than when run in the ordinary manuer, the air and gas are enabled
to escape freely, the metal cools with greater uniformity, and contraction cavities
are avoided.
When the metal has cooled sufficiently the pin is removed from the top of the
mandril, and it is knocked out of the casting.
Having thus stated the nature of our Invention, and described the manner of
performing the same, we wish it to be understood that we do not limit ourselves

page_text: to the details given, as they may be varied or modified, and more than two moulds
may be filled from one chamber, but what we claim is,―
1. The metal moulds, substantially as shewn and described, for casting copper
cylinders, whereby a rotary motion is imparted to the molten metal when running
into the moulds.
2. A metal mould or moulds with an exterior chamber forming part of the mould
or moulds, and connected to it or them by an aperture or apertures, substantially
as shewn and described.
3. Making the aperture between the vertical chamber and the mould in a
direction tangential, or nearly so, to the inner circumference of the mould.
In witness whereof, I, the said Eric Hugo Waldenström, for myself and on
behalf of the said William Sumner, have hereunto set my hand and seal,
this Twentieth day of August, One thousand eight hundred and eighty.