AN IMPROVED MORTISING, TENONING, AND SAWING MACHINE
Year: 1869

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Frederic Kent, of Thornton Heath, in
the County of Surrey, for the Invention of "AN IMPROVED MORTISING,
TENONING, AND SAWING MACHINE."
Sealed the 14th April 1870, and dated the 4th December 1869.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION filed by the said John Frederic Kent at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition and
Declaration, on the 4th December 1869, pursuant to the 9th
Section of the Patent Law Amendment Act, 1852.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOHN
FREDERIC KENT, of Thornton Heath, in the County of Surrey, send
greeting.
WHEREAS I, the said John Frederic Kent, am in possession of an
Invention for "AN IMPROVED MORTISING, TENONING, AND SAWING MACHINE,"
and have petitioned Her Majesty to grant unto me, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, Her Royal Letters Patent for the same,
and have made solemn Declaration that I am the true and first Inventor
thereof.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said John Frederic Kent, do hereby
declare that the following Complete Specification, under my hand and
seal, fully describes and ascertains the nature of the said Invention,
and in what manner the same is to be performed, in and by the following
statement, and the Drawings therein referred to (that is to say) :-
My Invention has reference to an improved construction of machinery
or apparatus for cutting or forming tenons and mortises in wood,
applicable to carpenters', joiners', and cabinet makers' work, as also for
sawing timber for ordinary purposes, by rendering the said machinery
self-feeding and thereby enabling the said operations to be more con-
veniently and expeditiously performed than by the system at present in
use, and consists in giving motion to the cutting instrument through the
medium of a rectangular frame working vertically in guides upon an
upright stand or bed actuated by a treadle, hand wheel, or lever motion
in conjunction with a self-feeding apparatus for carrying the work
forward to the cutters.
And in order that my said Invention may be more fully understood
and readily carried into effect, I will now proceed to describe. the same
by aid of the accompanying Drawings, reference being had to the letters
and figures thereon marked (that is to say) :-
Fig. 1 represents a vertical front view of my improved mortising,
tenoning, and sawing machine worked by a hand wheel; Fig. 2, a
side elevation thereof; and Fig. 3, a top or plan view of the same. In
each Figure the same letters of reference denote similar corresponding
parts.
A, A, standard frame; B, B, bench or bed plate upon which the
articles to be operated upon are placed; C, C, rectangular frame holding
the cutting instruments; D; D, double surface hand lever for giving an
up-and-down motion to the frame aforesaid; E, E, link coupling con-
necting the hand lever to the frame; F, F, counterbalance weight;
G, G, pivot bearing mounted upon the vertical standards upon which.
the lever works; H, H, guide brasses in which the rectangular frame
works; I, I, mortising tool secured to the cross head of the cutting
frame through the medium of the loose collar J, J, slot opening
K, K, and stud pin and holes L, L; M, M, winch handle for giving the
necessary movement to the mortising spindle when in operation and
enable it to be turned round and adjusted by means of the stud and holes

page_text: as required; N, saw secured to the frame by keys and wedges in the
manner shown; O, O, friction or self-feeding rollers mounted in sheath
bearings P, P, for receiving motion from the cutting frame and imparting
the same to the wood in a forward direction and bringing it under the
cutters; Q, Q, connecting rods and ratchet gear for giving revolution to
the friction roller; R, R, guage plate or "fence" moving within slot
bearings in the bed plate through the medium of a tangent wheel
and screw nut for the purpose of adjusting the same to the width or
thickness of timber under operation; S, S, lever rod to which the
impinging outer feed roller is attached and caused to work in con-
nection with the reacting tention lever bar T, T, counterweight U, U,
and chain wheel V, V.
The action of the machine is as follows:-Upon giving motion to the
hand lever an up-and-down movement is communicated to the vertical
frame in which the cutting instruments are fixed and brought to bear
the wood, which at the same time is carried forward by the friction
rollers acting in conjunction with the connecting and feed
gear aforesaid,
thus enabling the mortising, tenoning, and sawing to be performed by
one operation.
upon
In conclusion to the foregoing description I would here briefly note
that in place of hand levers as shown in the accompanying Drawings a
fly wheel or treadle may be employed in like manner for giving motion
to the frame and cutters, or receive such other modifications as in practice
may be found necessary.
Having now fully described and ascertained the nature of this my said
Invention, and the manner in which the same is to be performed and
carried into effect, I would have it clearly understood that I do not
intend to confine myself to the precise details herein-before described,
as the same may be otherwise varied without departing from the general
principle of this my said Invention, nor do I claim as new and of my
said Invention the exclusive use of the several parts, combinations, and
processes above referred to, except when the same are employed in and
for the purposes of my said Invention, which I hereby declare to consist
in the general construction and arrangement of the several parts in
combination with the mode of employing self-feeding motion in
mortising, tenoning, and sawing machinery worked by hand or other-

page_text: wise in the manner and for the purposes herein-before set forth and
described.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Frederic Kent, have here-
unto set my hand and scal, this First day of December,
in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-
ninc.
JOHN FREDERICK KENT. (L.S.)
Witness,
T. MORRIS CORNOCK,
Clerk to Mess. Weatherdon & Co.,
Law Chambers,
Chancery Lane.