matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN GUNS AND FIRE-ARMS
Year: 1854

page_text: by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Shaw at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 6th November 1854.
I, JOHN SHAW, of Dukinfield, in the County of Chester, Machine Maker,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN GUNS
AND FIRE-ARMS" to be as follows:-
I propose to cast two barrels together, united at the breach, the bore of each
barrel joining at the charge, so that when the gun is fired, it will discharge two
separate shots at the same time; and in order to make the said shots more
destructive, I propose to unite them by a strong chain of any required length.
It is evident the length of the said chain must be regulated by the distance the
shot is intended to be carried, and the angle at which the two barrels are set.
Any kind of balls may be used, but I prefer conical-shaped ones, as if they are
round, they may be apt to twist the chain in discharging. The accompanying
outline Drawing represents a section of a gun upon my improved principle, and
two conical balls connected by a chain; but it is evident the principle may be
extended to any kind of fire-arms.
IM- PROVEMENTS IN BUFFERS FOR RAILWAY CARRIAGES OR WAGGONS
Year: 1854

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Bridges at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 10th February
1854.
I, HENRY BRIDGES, of Bridgewater, in the County of Somerset, Carriage
Superintendant, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN BUFFERS FOR RAILWAY CARRIAGES OR WAGGONS" to be as
follows:-
This Invention consists simply in enclosing a coiled metallic, india-rubber.
or other spring in a cylindrical box or case, which is made to slide within
an outer cylinder or case, whereby the inner cylinder will be supported and
prevented from bursting or bulging when any undue strain is put upon it.
The buffer head is secured to a rod or bar which passes through the two
cylinders to the frame of the carriage, and holds the several parts together, but
they may be quickly taken asunder by renioving a cross pin or bolt, which
retains the rod or bar in its place and prevents it from being withdrawn until
the cross pin is taken out, after which the parts may easily be taken to pieces
and repaired if required.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SECURING AND FASTENING THE LIDS OF BOXES OR CASES USED FOR PACKING MANUFACTURED OR OTHER GOODS
Year: 1854

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel Minshull and Charles
Austin at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition,
on the 21st April 1854.
We, SAMUEL MINSHULL, Bronzist, and CHARLES AUSTIN, Land Agent, both.
of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, do hereby declare the nature of
our said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN SECURING AND FASTENING THE LIDS OF
BOXES OR CASES USED FOR PACKING MANUFACTURED OR OTHER GOODS" to be as
follows (that is to say):--
Our Invention or improved mode in securing the lids of boxes or cases con-
sists in the application to such lids of a metallic clamp or strap, provided with
a hinge joint, which comes down over the sides or top (as it is applicable either
way), and is there united to a corresponding part, having a projecting stud
which fits into a corresponding hole in the strap, and is there held by a screw
or-pin; and according to the size of such box or case, the number of such clamps
may be increased, as may be desirable. And we will further observe, that at or
near the junction of the strap with the projecting pin we provide a cavity for
sealing wax and impression, so that when the box arrives at its destination, the
seal or seals have only to be broken, when the straps may be liberated, allow-
ing the lid to be raised or removed, thus avoiding the usual destructive plan of
using nails, which have to be pulled or wrenched out, at the whole or partial

page_text: destruction of the box or case. And secondly, our Invention consists in so
forming the strap as to provide a place for the reception of the directions,
which is held or secured by the strap and the screw or pin and wax, as before
described..
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PREPARATION OF A CERTAIN SUBSTANCE FOR CLARIFYING LIQUIDS
Year: 1854

page_text: "his Invention received Provisional Protection,
LILC
application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by François Ferdinand Rohart at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 27th
January 1854.
I, FRANÇOIS FERDINAND ROHART, of Sotteville lès Rouen, in the French
Empire, Chemist, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PREPARATION OF A CERTAIN SUBSTANCE FOR CLARIFYING
LIQUIDS" to be as follows:-
The substance which I employ for clarifying liquids is the fibrine obtained
from the blood of animals, which I prepare in the following manner:-The
fibrine is well washed with water to cleanse it from the serum of the blood, and
it is afterwards soaked in dilute sulphuric acid, again washed in water, soaked
in a solution of soda, again washed in water, and then heated until it dissolves
and becomes fluid. The solution is then filtered and evaporated, so as to obtain
the prepared fibrine in a solid form.
This prepared fibrine swells when soaked in water, and dissolves on the
application of heat, and is applicable, in lieu of isinglass, for clarifying liquids.
In some cases I add to it a portion of tannin.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MEANS OF PRE- VENTING HORSES RUNNING AWAY UPON TAKING FRIGHT OR OTHER CAUSES
Year: 1854

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Francis Palling at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 9th November
1854.
I, FRANCIS PALLING, of Lambeth, in the County of Surrey, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MEANS OF PRE-
VENTING HORSES RUNNING AWAY UPON TAKING FRIGHT OR OTHER CAUSES" to be
as follows:-
This Invention is applicable both to carriage and saddle horses, and consists
of a "curb
or "check," by means of which the action of the legs of a horse
may be limited to any desirable extent. The "curb" is constructed as follows:
-To about the centre part of the girth or belly band a strap is attached, by
means of a buckle or eye, or in any other suitable manner. To this strap other
straps are connected, which are formed with loops passing around the fore and
hinder legs of the animal. These straps are connected by means of buckles, or
otherwise, so as to allow of their being tightened or slackened, as occasion may
require. For ordinary purposes, the straps must be so arranged as to allow of
the free action of the animal at moderate paces, but at the same time suffi-
ciently short as not to allow of the extreme extension of the legs, necessary in
galloping. When a horse is required to stand for a time without being held,
the straps may be tightened, so as not to allow of any motion or extension of
the legs, and thus the possibility of the horse running away is entirely obviated.
A MODE OF COMMUNICATION BETWEEN THE PASSENGERS, GUARDS, AND ENGINEER OF A RAILWAY TRAIN
Year: 1854

page_text: by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edwin Dalton Smith at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 2nd January
1854.
I, EDWIN DALTON SMITH, of No. 7, Hertford Street, May Fair, in the
County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"A MODE OF COMMUNICATION BETWEEN THE PASSENGERS, GUARDS, AND ENGINEER OF
A RAILWAY TRAIN," to be as follows:-
This
A spiral spring with a rack attached at the top is fastened to a bar of iron
or tube, which, by being drawn in, moves the tongue of the hammer, and so
strikes the bell, which is fixed to the engine or carriage. The tongue of the
hammer has a hinge which allows the rack to return to its proper place.
action upon the bell is caused by a pinion and rack upon the bar of iron
which passes under the carriages, and is worked by the guards from either
end of a train. These iron bars are retained in their proper places by spiral
springs, and are connected between each carriage by a chain.
Where it be impossible or not desirable to use the bar of iron under the
carriages, then the rack with spiral spring is fastened to an iron tube which
slides over part of the tube which is fixed to the top or side of the carriage,
and each carriage having this iron tube attached to them keeps the wire, cord,
or chain in its proper place along the train till it reaches the wheel to be turned
by the guard; this wheel having a spring to keep the cord or chain at its
proper tension, a supply of which cord is coiled round the wheel to allow of

page_text: contraction or extension of the train. The chain or cord is attached between
each carriage by means of a spring and hook.
This communication by means of the teeth upon the rack enables the guard
to indicate exactly that which may be desired.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF METALLIC TUBING
Year: 1854

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Leon Joseph Anger at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 12th January
1854.
I, LEON JOSEPH ANGER, of Paris, in the Empire of France, Mecanician,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF METALLIC TUBING" to be as follows:-
I I propose to manufacture tubes or tubing for locomotives, steam engines,
and other machinery where tubing of strength and endurance is required, in a
different manner to the modes now employed, not only as regards the drawing
of such tubes, but in the finishing thereof; and more particularly in making
them of different strengths or capacity of wear in that portion of the tube
which is placed within or nearest to the greatest heat.
I propose then to make tubes of short lengths, and to elongate or finish
such tubes to the lengths required by the use of steel mandrills, such mandrills
being of the full length the tube is intended to be when perfected. I propose
to elongate the tube by causing such elongation to take place from the front
thereof. By the machinery I employ the tube will receive alternate blows
from the hammer, and be caused to advance, turning at the same time on
itself; and as it turns blows are administered, so that the metal is elongated
with the utmost facility. That part of the tube placed in or nearest the fire

page_text: when in use, is weakened by the action of the heat sooner than the remainder,
and these tubes so weakened have usually pieces soldered thereon.
propose therefore to arrange my machinery so that with certainty and
celerity the ends may to any distance required be made of greater substance,
so as to ensure a durability equal to those parts on which the action of caloric
does not so directly impinge.
IMPROVEMENTS IN AIR PISTOLS
Year: 1854

page_text: rovisional Protection, our
CILO
application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Henry Johnson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
15th November 1854.-A communication.
I, JOHN HENRY JOHNSON, of 47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the County of
Middlesex, and of Glasgow, North Britain, Gentleman, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN AIR PISTOLS," a communi-
cation from Daimé Lemaire, a foreigner resident abroad, to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to certain improvements on the ordinary air pistols
used as toys for children, and consists, first, in so arranging the parts of the
same as to admit of the pistol being discharged by one hand, in place of
requiring two for that purpose.
Second, in constructing such pistols with two barrels, so as to discharge from
both simultaneously; or one barrel may be made to contain two projectiles side
by side, which would be discharged by one thrust of the piston.
Third, the forming such pistols with moveable or sliding barrels and fixed
pistons.
Fourth, in constructing air pistols with a moveable hammer, which is caused
to strike the "nipple" at the instant the pistol is discharged.
In order to admit of the pistol being discharged with one hand, a stop or
thumb-piece is formed on the handle of the piston and another on the fixed

page_text: part of the stock; in these stop pieces are inserted the thumb and fore-finger,
and the piston may then be easily pushed forward by the action of the thumb
and fore-finger alone. The piston rods in these pistols are not made round,
but are either oval, triangular, rectangular, or polygonal in section, by which
means the handle is not liable to turn round 'thereon,' and thus get out of posi-
tion. In double-barelled pistols both rods are secured to one common handle,
forming the butt end of the pistol. In pistols where the barrel or barrels are
made to slide back a finger piece or stop is attached thereto, and the piston
rod is fixed into the butt end of the pistol, which in this case is made in one
piece with the rest of the stock. The movement of the hammer is effected by
a link-piece, attached at one end to the sliding barrel, and at the other to a
slotted tail piece, on the under part of the hammer.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN BEDSTEADS
Year: 1854

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Théodule François Calard at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 18th
November 1854.
I, THÉODULE FRANÇOIS CALARD, Machinist, of Paris, in the Empire of
France, and of 16, Castle Street, Holborn (City), London, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN BEDSTEADS
to be as follows, viz. :-
These improvements consist in surrounding or enclosing the space between
the bed and tester, bed top or crown, with perforated metallic sheets, wire
gauze, or similar material, so as to form a kind of cage, in which the person
occupying the bed is quite enclosed, and protected from certain obnoxious
influences, such as currents of air, stings of insects, &. This cage may have
any convenient shape, but its essential feature is to be closed in all directions,
and to be made of some pervious material, as stated above. Whatever may
be the form given to the cage, there must be a door for the occupant to get in
When the bedstead is made like a rectangular box, the door may be
made on one of the vertical sides, and may either be single leaved or folding;
for nurslings, the cage may be made to assume the shape of an ovoidal box or
cradle, which opens in two halves by means of a hinge. When the cage has
the shape.of.a.rectangular box,-its-top-or-crown-may-be-made-of-the-same-per--
-forated or pervious material as the upright sides; but in some cases, when the
bedstead is for an infirmary, and when the treatment of the disease requires a

page_text: continual application of water or other liquid, I fix a reservoir on the cage top;
at the bottom of this reservoir I fix a flexible tube, by means of which the
water or other liquid may be directed to any part of the bed under it. The
components parts of the cage are secured together in any suitable way, such by
any suitable devices, such as hinges, elastic joints, &, &".
The above improvements are intended to be applied chiefly to beds of
infirmaries, or where it is desired to give fresh air to the sick occupant without
exposing him to a current of air; also to nurseries or infants' asylums, where it
is desirable that there should be a means of preventing the child leaving the
bed, and without depriving it of air and light.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN WATER-CLOSETS
Year: 1854

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Kenworthy and Thomas
Rigby at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 24th June 1854.
We, JOHN KENWORTHY, of Preston, in the County of Lancaster, Plumber,
and THOMAS RIGBY, of the same Place, Plumber, do hereby declare the nature
of our Invention of "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN WATER-CLOSETS " to be as
follows:-
First, in the retension of the pressure of water at the fan of the basin at
the same height as that of the water contained in the air chamber, by means
of the removal of all slides or obstructions that have hitherto been used
between the air chamber and the pan or basin, whereby a better and more
perfect washing or rinsing of the pan is ensured, and hence a greater
desiratum obtained.
Secondly, in the disuse of stuffing boxes, whereby leakage is prevented, as
well as simplicity of construction ensured, and the probability of the stiffening
by inaction or other causes entirely avoided. Other minor advantages attach
themselves to the adaptation of our improvements, as, for instance, admitting of
the removal of the valves without disturbing the body of the tap, and also the
general simplicity of construction.
Our improvements may be worked or put in action by either pressure from
the seat or by any other convenient method.
AN IMPROVED BOOK MARK OR INDEX
Year: 1854

page_text: wwn
application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward John Montagu Archdeacon
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
6th May 1854.
I, EDWARD JOHN MONTAGU ARCHDEACON, of Walworth, in the County of
Surrey, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED
BOOK MARK OR INDEX" to be as follows:-
I manufacture my improved book mark or index in the following manner :-
I take small pieces of leather and cut or stamp them to the shape herein
I then turn down the top and bottom pieces marked A, or, as is technically
called, block them up, to give rigidity to the part C; I then coat the interior
with some adhesive composition, such as gelatine and liquid glue, so that the
side pieces B may adhere to the leaves or pages of books; I then print,

page_text: paint, write, or otherwise mark certain words, letters, or figures on the part
marked C. The end pieces B, being smeared or coated with adhesive matter,
are then ready to be applied to the work to which they are to serve as a mark
or index, that is to say, the page or leaf is inserted between these end pieces,
and the whole firmly pressed together; when dry, the leather mark or index
cannot be easily removed without tearing the page 'or leaf. I do not bind
myself to the use of leather, and I claim to use this improved book mark
index for any book, diary, journal, ledger, or other similar work.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR CRUSHING, GRINDING, AMALGAMATING, AND WASHING QUARTZ OR MATTERS CON- TAINING GOLD
Year: 1854

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Abraham Pope, of 81, Edgware Road, in the County
of Middlesex, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR
CRUSHING, GRINDING, AMALGAMATING, AND WASHING QUARTZ OR MATTERS CON-
TAINING GOLD."
Sealed the 13th April 1854, and dated the 7th February 1854.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Abraham Pope at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 7th
February 1854.
I, ABRAHAM POPE, of 81, Edgeware Road, in the County of Middlesex, do
hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY
FOR CRUSHING, GRINDING, AMALGAMATING, AND WASHING QUARTZ OR MATTERS
CONTAINING GOLD," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists of a combination of mechanical parts into a machine
in the following manner -The quartz or matters to be ground are placed in a
hopper, quicksilver and water are also introduced, and these matters descend
and are acted on by a pair of crushing grooved rollers, from which the matters
descend and are ground between two rollers having different surface speed.

page_text: From these rollers the matters descend, and are further ground and amalga-
mated by entering at the eye, and passing between horizontal grinding surfaces,
there being a trough all round the lower of such surfaces into which the matters
fall, and from which they flow into a receiver, where leather or other filtering
medium is employed, part of the water and matters dissolved therein flowing
away without passing through the filter. Below the filter the vessel is ex-
hausted of air, by which means the pressure of air on the surface will cause
the quicksilver to pass through, whilst the amalgamated gold will be retained
back. The quicksilver is then raised by the machine, and again and again
used.
A MACHINE FOR MOWING OR REAPING ALL KINDS OF CORN. GRASS, CLOVERS, OR ANY wh OTHER FIELD GROWTH AND LAWNS
Year: 1854

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry (Bennettsmith at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 11th
January 1854.
(f)
I, HENRY BENNETTSMITH, of the Parish of St. Sepulchres, in the County of
Middlesex, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"A MACHINE FOR MOWING OR REAPING ALL KINDS OF CORN. GRASS, CLOVERS, OR ANY
wh
OTHER FIELD GROWTH AND LAWNS," to be as follows:- 7m in the
The said machine to consist of a carriage or frame work composed of wood
or metal supported upon wheels; round the nave or hub of the wheels is a
band connected to a revolving spindle or shaft, the other extremity of which is
inserted into the centre of a bevil wheel connected to two other lesser upright
wheels; through the centre of each passes an upright shaft or spindle, causing
to revolve in opposite directions two flat circular. plates affixed to their lower
ends, into which plates are inserted a number of cutting scythes or knives.
It can be worked by either horse or manual power.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF MOHAIR VELVET OR MOHAIR PLUSH, AND WORSTED VELVET OR WORSTED PLUSH
Year: 1854

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Adolphus Oppenheimer at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 26th
July 1854.
I, ADOLPHUS OPPENHEIMER, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster,
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of my said Invention of "CERTAIN
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF MOHAIR VELVET OR MOHAIR PLUSH, AND
WORSTED VELVET OR WORSTED PLUSH," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in manufacturing mohair velvet and worsted velvet
with a peculiar arrangement of the threads, as follows:-For every row of pile
thread there are to be three warp threads, which I put in one dent of the reed
(without being limited as to the number of threads in a dent). The pile is
introduced as weft under the first thread, over the second, and under the third
thread; then the pile floats over any number of these divisions of three, ac-
cording to the length of the pile required. The ground threads are introduced
in such a manner that the first and last threads of the warp are up and the
middle threads down, or the first and last threads are down and the middle
threads are up, alternately, to form the ground. I put in one pile thread for
one division, then another for another division, then a ground thread, as above,
then a third pile thread, then a fourth pile thread, and then a ground thread,

page_text: as above; of course there may be more than four pile threads in a pattern,
according to the length of the pile required. Also, it is immaterial how often
the cloth is bound in respect to pile threads; my improvements being merely to
raise the first and last of the warp threads simultaneously and sink at the same
time the middle one whilst the weft for the pile threads is introduced, or to
sink the first and last simultaneously and raise the middle thread; or this
arrangement may be reversed whilst the weft intended for ground threads is
introduced. The cloth after being manufactured is cut in a manner similar to
that in which fustians are cut. It. is. the same .if there are more than one
thread used in a heald, as I intend to express by a "thread" the contents of
the eye of the heald, whatever the number of threads may be. The manner
of weaving is common, either by healds, by jacquard machines, or other similar
means, and whether wrought by hand or power; and in both instances, the
warp threads and the binding threads may be of cotton or any other fibrous
materials.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF BUILDINGS
Year: 1854

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Garbert at the Office of the
Coinmissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 5th June 1854.
I, GEORGE GARBERT, of Port Louis, in the Island of Mauritius, Engineer,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
CONSTRUCTION OF BUILDINGS" to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to the construction of dwelling-houses, stores, and
similar erections of iron alone, or combined with wood, stone, slate, marble, or
other material. The walls are composed of sliding panels of any of these
materials, which are fitted to iron columns or pillars, placed at the corners
and at regular intervals along the walls. According to one modification,
the pillars are formed with longitudinal ridges, fitted to grooves in the edges
of the filling-in panels, the ridges corresponding in number to that of
the panels; thus, the outside of the walls may consist of one material and
the inside of a different material; again, a third material may be interposed
between the external and internal panels, to render the wall solid; or the
space may be filled up with clay, sand, or such material as the neighbourhood
affords; or the space may remain open for ventilating purposes. According to
another modification, the external and internal panels may be fitted respec-
tively to the outer and inner sides of plain square pillars, of the same thick-
ness as the space intended to be left between the panels. The panels of two
adjoining compartments of the wall meet in the centre of the pillar's sides,
and plates of the width of the pillar, or thereabouts, are placed over the joints
on each side, and bolted through the pillar; or the pillar may be made some-

page_text: what thicker than the space to be left between the panels, these being cut
away at the edges, to bring them closer together. No mortar or other cement
is to be used in these structures, the panels resting upon each other, and
being formed horizontally, with overlapping step joints. The door posts and
window frames are constructed on the same principle as the corner and
intermediate pillars. The ridge and hips of the roof are of wrought iron,
being formed by three plates, welded together at one edge, the two side pieces
or hips being opened out to an angular position whilst hot. The rafters fit in
under the hip plates and are bolted to the ridge. The roof may be constructed
in the same manner as the walls, the joints of the panelling being made to
overlap in such a manner as to exclude rain; or, according to another modi-
fication, the rafters may be grooved laterally, the filling-in panels or slabs
being passed into position along the grooves.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MAKING PAPER, PASTE- BOARD, AND PAPIER MACHÉ
Year: 1854

page_text: by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel Clift at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 28th July 1854.
I, SAMUEL CLIFT, of Manchester, Manufacturing Chemist, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MAKING PAPER, PASTE-
BOARD, AND PAPIER MACHÉ" to be as follows:-
My process for making paper, pasteboard, and papier maché is as
follows:-I take a quantity of green grass or nettles, or dried grass or
hay that has not been so hot in the rick as to make it dark brown. Either
of the above I put into a vessel, and pour over it a solution of potash, soda,
or ammonia, and keep it in the alkaline solution some time, now and then
agitating it until those parts of the grass, &c. which are soluable in the solution
are so acted upon by the solution, that they are easily removed by subsequently
washing the grass in water. The time taken to effect this will vary with the
strength of the alkaline solution employed.
I afterwards wash the grass, &c. so acted upon with clean water, & then
bleach it with chlorine and muriatic acid in the usual way, and the pulp so
obtained is made into paper, pasteboard, or papier mache in the usual manner.
I claim making paper, pasteboard, and papie mache from grass, nettles, or
hay, as above described.
THE PREPARATION AND MANUFACTURE OF A PULP TO SUPERSEDE THE USE OF RAGS AND SIMILAR FABRICS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PAPER
Year: 1854

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Coupland, of the Town and County of South-
ampton, Newspaper Proprietor, for the Invention of "THE PREPARATION
AND MANUFACTURE OF A PULP TO SUPERSEDE THE USE OF RAGS AND SIMILAR
FABRICS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PAPER."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Coupland at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 16th
August 1854.
I, JOHN COUPLAND, of the Town & County of Southampton, Newspaper
Proprietor, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "THE
PREPARATION AND MANUFACTURE OF A PULP TO SUPERSEDE THE USE OF RAGS AND
SIMILAR FABRICS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PAPER" to be as follows:-
My Invention refers to a new manufacture of pulp for paper, having for its
object the production of a good serviceable material from clover & grasses
of all sorts, from fern, furze, weeds, & rushes, in some cases using a small
proportion of flax. These materials are first dried & bruised or pulverized.
I then proceed to extract the colouring matter from this raw material by
boiling, using alkalies to facilitate the separation after boiling. I cleanse the
material by washing, removing as much of the colouring matter & refuse as

page_text: possible by frequent changes of water. The boiling & washing processes are
I subject
to be repeated for the better extraction of the colouring matter.
the materials to pressure after washing, which thoroughly expresses tho
moisture, & with it a considerable portion of the remaining colour. The
material so prepared is now boiled with unslaked lime, after which the lime
is thoroughly removed by washing in water, keeping the material agitated by a
suitable agitating apparatus in order to detach the lime. When the lime has
been removed the material may be dried & packed; it is then fit for the
manufacture of paper, & may be further reduced & subsequently treated in a
manner similar to other materials used in that manufacture.
For the finer qualities of paper I select the finer kinds of grass, & mix
with it a small proportion of flax, which may also be added with advantage to
the other qualities of paper.
AN IMPROVED CENTRIFUGAL GOVERNOR
Year: 1854

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Constantin Luques at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 26th July
1854.
I, CONSTANTIN LUQUES, of 29, Boult St. Martin, Paris, in Empire of
Franco, and of 16, Castle Street, Holborn, London, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED CENTRIFUGAL GOVERNOR " to be
as follows:-
This improved governor acts, like Watt's, by centrifugal force, causing a
heavy body or governor balls to fly off from a turning shaft, but in addition to
this I employ the following contrivances:-
Firstly, I connect the two balls, or equivalent, by any suitable springs, which
act centripetally, these springs being adjustable (by nuts and screws, for
instance,) for the purpose of regulating at will the speed, and hence the action,
of the governor.
Secondly, by the action of the governor balls, or equivalent, I cause to rise
or descend (as the case may be) a spur wheel gearing, which consists of a pinion
on a shaft, set to turn by any suitable means, and of two other wheels in gear
with the pinion, each of said wheels being keyed loose on a separate and
distinct shaft. By means of fingers on the wheels and projections on the
shafts, or other suitable contrivance, one or the other of said two followers

page_text: (according as the three wheels rise or descend) is thrown without shock into
gear with its shaft.
Thirdly, I convert the circular motion of either of said driven shafts into a
rectilinear motion by gearing them through bevel or other gear with an endless
screw, on which travels a nut or screwed boss, this nut being connected in
any suitable way with the throttle valve or other orifice or part to be regulated.
Fourthly, I apply the reciprocating motion or travel of the said nut through
proper framing to suspending the action of the governor, in case the moving
power is insufficient. This is most conveniently done by causing the nut to
slide the spur gearing, mentioned under the first head, to the point where the
two followers turn loose on their shafts. I also cause this circumstance to be
announced, and the attention of the engineer called to it, by means of an alarum
bell connected with the nut.
IMPROVEMENTS IN OBTAINING ALCOHOL, ALCOHOLIC AND ACETOUS PRODUCTS
Year: 1854

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Peter Armand le Comte de
Fontaine Moreau at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his
Petition, on the 16th November 1854.-A communication.
I, PETER ARMAND le Comte DE FONTAINE MOREAU, of 4, South Street,
Finsbury, London, and 39, Rue de l'Echiquier, Paris, Patent Agent, do hereby
declare the nature of the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN OBTAINING ALCOHOL,
ALCOHOLIC AND ACETOUS PRODUCTS," to be as follows:-
The Invention communicated to consists in collecting the vapors arising
from ovens during the baking of bread or other fermented farinaceous sub-
stances. I employ and apply to some part of the oven a shield, provided with
a pipe, communicating at one end by an orifice with the inside of the oven,
and the other end with a condenser.
AN IM- PROVED MODE OF PURIFYING SMOKE PRODUCED BY THE COMBUSTION OF COAL OR OTHER SUBSTANCES, AND FOR CONDENSING AND COLLECTING THE SOLID AND OTHER MATTERS CONTAINED IN SMOKE AND VAPOR ARISING FROM THE COMBUSTION, SMELTING, BURNING, OR ROASTING OF FUEL AND OTHER SUBSTANCES
Year: 1854

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel Austin Chapin at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 6th
March 1854. A communication.
I, SAMUEL AUSTIN CHAPIN, of Trafalgar Square, Westminster, in the County
of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IM-
PROVED MODE OF PURIFYING SMOKE PRODUCED BY THE COMBUSTION OF COAL OR OTHER
SUBSTANCES, AND FOR CONDENSING AND COLLECTING THE SOLID AND OTHER MATTERS
CONTAINED IN SMOKE AND VAPOR ARISING FROM THE COMBUSTION, SMELTING, BURNING,
OR ROASTING OF FUEL AND OTHER SUBSTANCES," to be as follows:-
The Invention consists in the purification of smoke and vapour by means of
water, so distributed, that the solid matter and impurities shall be condensed
and carried off by the water before the smoke or vapour escapes from the
chimney or flue.
Jets or showers of water are made to play within the chimney, or in a
chamber connected therewith; the smoke or vapour passes through the water,
which condenses and carries off through passages arranged for the purpose.
all the heavy matters and impurities, and deposits them in a cistern or recep-
tacle fitted to receive and retain them.

page_text: What I claim is, the application of water or other liquid in the form of
jets, showers, or in any other equivalent mode, within chimneys, flues, or any
other smoke or vapour passages, for the purpose of purifying the smoke and
vapours, for the collection of the substances contained therein, or for the two
purposes conjointly.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR SUPPLYING FUEL TO GRATES, STOVES, AND FIRE-PLACES
Year: 1854

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Hesketh at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 11th November
1854.
I, ROBERT HESKETH, of Wimpole Street, in the County of Middlesex,
Architect, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN APPARATUS FOR SUPPLYING FUEL TO GRATES, STOVES, AND FIRE-PLACES," to
be as follows:
This Invention is applicable to grates, stoves, and fire-places where the fuel
is supplied from a chamber below that part of a fire-place where the fuel is
consumed; and the improvements consist of employing a flap or plate on an
axis, and capable of moving in a hollow chamber of a curved section, so that the
flap or plate may in its movement fit the section, and raise up the fuel from out
of the chamber. Into this chamber the. fuel is placed, and is raised by move-
ment being given to the plate or flap on its axis. The chamber with its flap
is placed below the space in the fire-place where the fuel is to be burned. The
arrangement of the fire bars, and parts of the grates, stoves, and fire-places, to
which these improvements are applied, according to my Invention, may, as
0
1.

page_text: My improvements, as above explained, simply apply to the form and arrange-
ment of the apparatus by which the fuel is supplied from a chamber below into
the fire-place above.
A MEANS OF READILY DISCOVERING ANY STREET, ROAD, RIVER, LOCALITY, OR PLACE ON MAPS, CHARTS, AND PLANS
Year: 1854

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph William Schlesinger at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 19th
June 1854. A communication.
I, JOSEPH WILLIAM SCHLESINGER, of London Wall, in the City of London,
Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "A MEANS
OF READILY DISCOVERING ANY STREET, ROAD, RIVER, LOCALITY, OR PLACE ON MAPS,
CHARTS, AND PLANS," (communicated to me by a foreigner residing abroad,) to
be as follows:
This Invention consists in combining with a numbered or figured margin to
maps, charts, and plans, a tape or other measure with numerals on its surface.
One end of this measure is fixed to an axis or point, while the other end is free
to move all over the map or chart.
Each map requires a particular index, with the names of all the places,
streets, &c. marked on the map, and two columns of numerals, one of which
corresponds with those on the margin, while the other refers to those on the
To find any given place, search the index, place the measure on the
figures in the margin of the map corresponding to those in the first column of
the index, then read the number on the measure, and immediately under or
over, as the case may be, will be found the street or other locality sought for.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BOOTS, SHOES, AND OTHER COVERINGS FOR THE FEET
Year: 1854

page_text: by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION. left by George Bartholomew at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
8th November 1854.
I, GEORGE BARTHOLOMEW, of the Town and County of Linlithgow, North
Britain, Edge Tool Maker, do hereby declare the nature of my said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN BOOTS, SHOES, AND OTHER COVERINGS FOR THE FEET," to
be as follows, that is to say:-
This Invention relates to the arrangement and manufacture of boots, shoes,
and other coverings for the feet, in such a manner that the actual wearing
surfaces of the soles and heels may be easily and effectively renewed from
time to time as these parts wear out. The main body portion of these
boots and shoes is made in the ordinary manner, except that the soles
and heels need not necessarily be so thick as in ordinary boots and shoes.
In each case, a thin wedge-shaped or inclined facc-piece of metal is
screwed or otherwise attached to the face of the thin sole portion, so
as to project clear of the sole or heel, and act as the internal wedge-
holder of the moveable wearing piece; this moveable wearing piece is, in
the case of the heel, simply a piece of leather or other material cut to corre-
spond to the contour of the heel, and having screwed to its inner face a thin

page_text: wedge border-piece of metal, shaped to embrace and fit to the permanent
wedge-piece on the thin shoe heel; thus, the maker or wearer of the shoe has
simply to enter the corresponding wedges into holding contact, by sliding the
moveable piece laterally into its place. Then, to prevent the disengagement
of the shifting piece, a couple of brass screws are passed through the moveable
heel, and made to enter the permanent portion of the shoe. When this move-
able or temporary heel is worn down, the wearer takes out the two holding
screws and slides back the heel, so as to .disengage it entirely from the shoe,
when he can substitute a new. heel-piece....
The sole is constructed in a similar manner, and the entire arrangement is
applicable to boots, shoes, and other coverings for the feet, whatever materials
may be used in the construction' thereof. The Invention is also applicable to
horse-shoes, so as to enable the shoes to have new and fair wearing surfaces
supplied from time to time in-a simple manner.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF WOVEN FABRICS AND THE MACHINERY OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN
Year: 1854

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Bright Eagland at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 23rd March
1854..
I, BRIGHT EAGLAND, of Leigh, in the County of Lancaster, Manufacturer,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF WOVEN FABRICS AND THE MACHINERY OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED
THEREIN" to be as follows:-
The present method of making double-wove cloth, such as contill, used for
stays or similar purposes, consists of all cotton, both warp and weft. But I
propose to make one cloth of cotton, and the other cotton warp and linen weft,
which I accomplish by using a loom with two shuttles, and an arrangement of
the risers and fallers on the tappet. The mode now adopted is to insert one
thread of weft in each cloth alternately; but instead of which, I propose to
put two threads of weft in each cloth alternately, by an arrangement of the
risers and fallers on the tappet, and the employment of the two shuttles, as
before mentioned.
IMPROVEMENTS IN OVENS OR FURNACES FOR MELTING OR MANUFACTURING GLASS
Year: 1854

page_text: ULLO
application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Henry Johnson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
20th September 1854.-A communication.
I, JOHN HENRY JOHNSON, of 47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the County of
Middlesex, and of Glasgow, North Britain, Gentleman, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN OVENS OR FURNACES FOR
MELTING OR MANUFACTURING GLASS," a communication from P. Hutter & Co.,
of Rivo de Gier, in the Empire of France, Glass Manufacturers, to be as
follows:-
This Invention relates to the so arranging ovens or furnaces used in the
manufacture of glass, that each and every portion of the matters to be melted,
or of the glass to be purified, may be successively submitted to the direct action
of the furnace flame, and the reverberatory action of the oven or furnace cup or
top. This result is obtained by causing the matters under treatment to take a
curvilinear or indirect route through the apparatus. This system of traverse
is conveniently carried out by forming the oven or furnace chamber with par-
titions, the glass or matters under treatment being passed alternately above
and below these partitions, and finally conducted into a second oven, where the
glass is worked. The matters or glass to be treated are placed in a receptacle
or division at one end of the furnace, from which point the mass when melted

page_text: flows off through channels in the bottom of the first division of the furnace;
continuing its route, the melted mass then flows forward and over the upper
edge of a solid division or partition. This routine is followed throughout the
length of the chamber, the solid and perforated divisions being alternated to a
greater or less extent of traverse, as may be required. At the end of the flow,
the glass arrives at a receiving compartment in a perfectly melted and purified
condition. The glass is now discharged into a pair of receiving chambers,
situated on a level slightly lower than that of the bottom of the furnace, these
receiving chambers being in communication with cach other by an interme-
diate passage. From these chambers the workmen collect the melted glass
for working through suitable side openings, the masses so collected being
re-heated for the purpose at an opening in the heating furnace or chamber,
forming the back extremity of the main furnace and in direct communication
therewith. By a slightly different modification, the partitioned furnace for
producing the indirect course of the melting mass is made to terminate in two
melting pots, each divided into two sections by a suitable partition. These
melting pots receive the glass as it terminates its undulating or indirect route,
and, being surrounded by flame and heat from a furnace at the end, the mass
receives a considerable elevation of temperature, to render it fit for working
up into wine glasses and other articles which involve the application of a high
temperature.
IMPROVEMENTS IN COUPLING OR CONNECTING LINKS FOR RAILWAY CARRIAGES OR OTHER SUCH PURPOSES
Year: 1854

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Ellis Rowland and James Rowland
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on the
4th September 1854.
We, ELLIS ROWLAND and JAMES ROWLAND, of Manchester, in the County of
Lancaster, Engineers, do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN COUPLING OR CONNECTING LINKS FOR RAILWAY CARRIAGES
OR OTHER SUCH PURPOSES " to be as follows:-
Hitherto various mechanical appliances have been in use for the purpose of
connecting railway carriages, the most generally employed being that of the
right and left handed screw turned up on the same bar, having an appending
weight and rod attached, the right and left handed screws adjusting themselves
to internal screws secured to and between the carriages. In lieu of these we
propose to employ a cylindrical chamber filled with oil or other liquid, having
a connecting channel on its upper side running from one end of the chamber
to the other, and at one end being furnished with a valve opening inwards.
The ends of the chamber are each rendered secure and tight by stuffing boxes,
through which connecting rods run, at one end of each of which the carriages
are secured, and the rods forming shackling joints through the stuffing boxes;
these rods pass and form a continuous rod furnished at or about the centre with
a piston block. Now, it will be evident, as is the general case on affixing

page_text: carriages in a train, a consequent velocity must be given to the carriage for its
removal. To illustrate the action of our connecting link we will take the
before-mentioned case as an example:-Supposing the advancing carriage to
come into contact with the shackling joint or rod, the piston within the oil
chamber, cylinder, or reservoir would be shifted from its position; the oil on
the opposite side from the advanced carriage would be forced from the one side
of the chamber through the upper chamber and valve, which opens inwards,
and into the now proportionately enlarged area of the second division of the oil
chamber, thereby locking the carriages together at once. As at this end of
the chamber there is but the valve inlet, the extra quantity of oil admitted and
confined will not allow the piston to retrace or assume its former position.
Should it be desired to equalize the oil on each side of the piston, it is only
necessary to depress a pin connected with the valve and on the exterior of the
apparatus, this valve immediately closing upon the condensed oil within the
hinder part of the apparatus, yielding greater pressure than that in the channel,
and thus forming a self-acting hydraulic connecting link.