IMPROVEMENTS IN HEATING APPARATUS CHIEFLY DESIGNED CARRIAGES
Year: 1882

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Robert Lake, of the firm of Haseltine Lake &
Co Patent Agents, Southampton Buildings, London for an Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN HEATING APPARATUS CHIEFLY DESIGNED
CARRIAGES Communicated to him from abroad by Maurice Joseph Walsh,
of the City and State of New York, United States of America.
"
FOR RAILWAY
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Robert Lake at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 22nd August 1882.
"
WILLIAM ROBERT LAKE, of the Firm of Haseltine, Lake, and Co., Patent Agents,
Southampton Buildings, London,
" IMPROVEMENTS IN HEATING APPARATUS
CHIEFLY DESIGNED FOR RAILWAY CARRIAGES [A communication to him from
abroad by Maurice Joseph Walsh, of the City and State of New York, United States
of America.]
This invention relates to improvements in apparatus designed chiefly for
heating railway carriages, but is applicable in part to the heating of other public
conveyances
My improvements consist partly in the combination with a pipe or pipes for
conveying steam along a train of carriages, of an injector or pump, and means
whereby the latter may be readily connected with said pipe or pipes and supplied
with steam from the boiler of the locomotive or other source for the purpose of
drawing from the pipe or pipes any water that may lodge therein and may
be readily disconnected from said pipe or pipes when it is no longer desired to
be used.
The said improvements also consist partly in the combination with two pipes
extending around or through a vehicle one arranged within the other, and one
containing the heating agent and the other conveying the waste or expended
heating agent off, of a yielding or flexible pipe or pipes extending beyond the
vehicle and a cock for controlling communication between the pipes within, and the
pipe or pipes extending beyond, the vehicle.

page_text: The said improvements also consist partly in the combination with a pipe or
pipes extending around or through a vehicle, of a receptacle containing acetate of
potash, or a mixture of about two parts by weight of caustic soda and about
eleven parts by weight of acetic acid, with or without the addition of thirteen
parts of water.
The said improvements also consist partly in the combination of pipes extending
around or through vehicles for containing a heating agent, other pipes for conveying
the waste or expended heating agent back again, and flexible pipes, one within the
other, extending beyond the carriages.
The said improvements also consist partly in the combination of pipes for con-
veying a heating agent around a vehicle, pipes arranged within the first mentioned
pipes for conducting the waste or expended heating agent from the vehicle, two
pipes outside the same arranged one within the other for respectively conveying
the heating agent to, and the waste heating agent from, the vehicle and a cock
adapted to establish communication between the outer of the pipes within the
vehicle and the inner of the pipes outside the same, as also between the inner of the
pipes within the vehicle and the outer of the pipes outside the vehicle, or to connect
the pipes within the same.
The said improvements also consist partly in the combination of a pipe for
containing a heating agent, a receptacle surrounding the said pipe and containing
acetate of potash or a mixture of caustic soda and acetic acid, with or without the
addition of water and an external wrapping of a material which is a non-conductor
of heat, whereby I am enabled to store up heat in the mixture contained within
the jacket when the heating agent has much latent heat and to give it out when
the heat of the heating agent is reduced, thereby maintaining a greater uniformity
in the heat furnished.
In carrying the said invention into practice I provide a pipe on the locomotive
and similar pipes extend along the tender and along the carriages. There are also
pipes extending outside these pipes. Flexible pipes, arranged one within the other,
extend from the other pipes beyond the ends of the locomotive, tender, and carriage.
At the ends of the first named pipes which extend through the carriages, cocks are
arranged. The plug of each of the cocks has three ports. When the plug is properly
turned, one port will establish communication between one adjacent flexible pipe
of the carriage, and the outer pipe of the carriage, and another port will at the
same time establish communication between the other adjacent flexible pipe and
the inner pipe of the carriage. The plug of the cock at the forward end of
the carriage is turned into this position when the heating agent is desired to pass
through the pipes of the carriages. The plug of each of the cocks also has
a port consisting of a recess or cavity in its circumference, which, when the
plug is properly turned, will establish communication between the ends of the
pipes of the carriages. The plug of the cock which is located at the rear end of
the carriage, or at the rear end of the last carriage of a train, is always turned into
this position. It will be readily understood that the steam passes from the source
of supply through the inner pipe to the cock at the forward end of the carriage, and
that thence it passes into, and along, the outer pipe of the same. Returning, it passes
along the inner pipe of the carriage and the outer of the pipes extending outside
the same.
In this way I utilize the expended heating agent which will never be of
as low a temperature as the atmosphere to protect the live heating agent, and yet I
so dispose of it in the carriage as to prevent it from interfering there with the live
heating agent.
The upper end of the pipe arranged in the locomotive is intended to commu-
nicate with the boiler thereof and this pipe is provided with a cock whereby the
amount of steam passing through it may be regulated. The outer pipe of the
locomotive communicates, under control of a three-way cock, with a pipe which
leads to a tank on the tender. This cock is ordinarily turned to allow of the
contents of the outer pipe of the locomotive passing into the tank pipe. By the
time the steam reaches the said outer pipe of the locomotive it is condensed into

page_text: water and this water flows into the tank where it may be utilized for supplying
the boiler of the locomotive.
There is a pipe leading from the cock to an injector arranged on the locomotive.
A pump may be used instead of an injector. A pipe leads from the boiler of the
locomotive to the injector and supplies it with steam under control of a cock. A
pipe leads from the injector, and from it leads a branch pipe to the tank of the
tender and a branch pipe to the boiler of the locomotive, a three-way cock being
employed to control communication between the said injector pipe and one branch
pipe, or between said injector-pipe and the other branch pipe.
The flexible pipes are employed to allow of the motion which necessarily occurs
between the different parts of a train. They are united by metallic couplings.
Each of these couplings is provided with one rigid hook and a hook formed on a
lever pivotted in place and actuated by a spring. When the couplings are pressed
together, end to end, the last named hooks slip over, and engage with, the rigid
hooks owing to the rounded ends or faces of both sets of hooks. The springs then
hold them in engagement. Guards extend outside these lovers and springs.
Two sets of washers are employed to prevent leakage between the ends of the
couplings.
The pipes of the carriage preferably extend around the same close to the side
walls, but they may pass through the centre. The pipes are, for a portion of their
length, surrounded by a jacket containing a compound in which a great amount of
latent heat may be stored and given out as needed. A good compound of this
nature may be made of two parts by weight of caustic soda, eleven parts of
acetic acid and thirteen parts of water. The water may be omitted, but not
advantageously for aside from cheapening the compound it enhances all of its
desirable attributes.
The jacket or receptacle consists of a cylinder screwed at each end into 'a
coupling-piece, whereby it is secured to a head. The outer pipes of the carriages are
made in sections and united by being screwed into the heads. The inner pipes of
the carriages pass through these heads, spaces being left between them and the heads
for the passage of the heating agent.
I may employ a flexible pipe composed of sections of rigid material, such as
metal united by universal joints. This can be used to advantage in some cases.
Two pipes may be used for extending through a carriage like those previously
described, and connected to the shell or barrel of a cock. Pipes of flexible
material are connected, one above the other, to the shell or barrel of the cock and
are designed to extend beyond the carriage. They are secured at the outer end to a
coupling which may be fastened to a similar coupling secured to other pipes. These
couplings are substantially like those formerly described. In this example of the
invention the plug of the cock has a port exactly like that previously described,
but its other two ports do not cross each other as in the example of the invention
first described. The live heating agent will however pass from the flexible pipe to
the outer pipe as in the other example of the invention. Each of the flexible
pipes will be accessible independently of the other in this example of the
invention.
I may provide a cock whose barrel is externally of spherical form. It has four
ports. The plug of the valve has a port like that formerly described and two ports
which control communication between the ports of the cock. Applied to the exterior
of the barrel of this cock is a shell which is made in two parts bolted together so
as to be capable of being fitted over the barrel of the cock. It has sockets which
communicate with two of the ports of the barrel of the cock and receive within
them, pipes made of rigid material. To the outer end of these pipes are fitted pipes
made of the same material and adapted to be moved inwards or outwards
thereon. At the outer ends these pipes are furnished with a coupling piece. These
pipes are longitudinally extensible and contractible and may inove laterally and
vertically with respect to the barrel of the cock to accommodate themselves to the
motion of the carriage. The adjacent ends of the pipes are packed to prevent leakage

page_text: past them. The barrel of the cock may be made cylindrical so that the shell will be
able to swing laterally only, and in that case the vertical movement may be
provided for by a swivel-joint between the cock and the pipes of the carriage.
If, for any reason, it shall be found preferable to circulate the live heating agent
through the inner pipe of the carriage, that can be done. Air or water may be
used in lieu of steam in some cases, and the apparatus will be found advantageous
for it as it will be more economical to return the expended or useless air or water
back to its source and re-heat it, than to heat a supply of fresh air or water.
The surrounding receptacle may have applied to its exterior a covering of
non-conducting material; such, for instance as asbestos. This covering may be used
upon the receptacle when the latter is to be used as a mere conduit for a heating
agent, and not in a vehicle or otherwise where the heating agent is to be utilized.
An apparatus embodying these improvements may be used in tram-cars, or the
like, but the pipes will be supplied with a heating agent from a source outside the
car by means of flexible pipes.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said William Robert Lake in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
20th February 1883.
WILLIAM ROBERT LAKE of the firm of Haseltine, Lake, & Co., Patent Agents,
Southampton Buildings, London. "IMPROVEMENTS IN HEATING APPARATUS
CHIEFLY DESIGNED FOR RAILWAY CARRIAGES" A communication to me from
abroad by Maurice Joseph Walsh of the City and State of New York, United States
of America.
This invention relates to Improvements in apparatus designed chiefly for
heating railway carriages, but applicable in part to the heating of other public
conveyances.
My Improvements consist partly in the combination with a pipe or pipes for
conveying steam along a train of carriages, of an injector or pump and means
whereby the latter may be readily connected with the said pipe or pipes, and
supplied with steam from the boiler of the locomotive or other source, for the
purpose of drawing from the pipe or pipes any water that may lodge therein, and
may be readily disconnected from the said pipe or pipes when it is no longer desired
to be used.
The said improvements also consist partly in the combination with two pipes
extending around or through a vehicle, one arranged within the other, and one
containing the heating agent and the other conveying the waste or expended
heating agent off, of a yielding or flexible pipe or pipes extending beyond the
vehicle and a cock for controlling communication between the pipes within and
the pipe or pipes extending beyond the vehicle.
The said improvements also consist partly in the combination with a pipe or
pipes extending around or through a vehicle, of a receptacle containing acetate of
potash, or a mixture of about two parts by weight of caustic soda and about
eleven parts by weight of acetic acid, with or without the addition of thirteen parts
of water.
The said improvements also consist partly in the combination of pipes, extending
around or through vehicles for containing a heating agent other pipes for conveying
the waste or expended heating agent back again, and flexible pipes, one within the
other extending beyond the said vehicles.
The said improvements also consist partly in the combination of pipes for con-
veying a heating agent around a vehicle, pipes arranged within the first mentioned
pipes for conducting the waste or expended heating agent from the vehicle, two
pipes outside the same arranged one within the other for respectively conveying
the heating agent to and the waste heating agent from the vehicle, and a cock
adapted to establish communication between the outer of the pipes within the
vehicles and the inner of the pipes outside the same, as also between the inner of the
pipes within the vehicle and the outer of the pipes outside the vehicle or to connect
the pipes within the same.
The said improvements also consist partly in the combination of a pipe for
containing a beating agent, a receptacle surrounding the said pipe and containing
acetate of potash or a mixture of caustic soda and acetic acid, with or without the
addition of water and an external wrapping of a material which is a non-conductor
of heat, whereby I am enabled to store up heat in the mixture contained within
the jacket when the heating agent has much latent heat and to give it out when

page_text: the heat of the heating agent is reduced thereby maintaining a greater uniformity
in the heat generated.
In the accompanying drawing.
Figure 1 is a sectional elevation of an apparatus embodying the said improve-
ments showing in dotted lines a locomotive with its tender and a car.
Figure 2 is a plan of the same.
Figure 3 is a sectional view drawn to an enlarged scale of the ends of the pipes
which connect with the locomotive
Figure 4 is a sectional elevation drawn to an enlarged scale of couplings for
connecting the pipes of the different vehicles
Figure 5 is a face view of one of the couplings.
Figure 6 is a central vertical section drawn to an enlarged scale of one of the
cocks used on the vehicle
Figure 7 is a sectional plan of the same.
Figure 8, is a sectional elevation of pipes of modified construction extending
beyond the ends of the vehicle
Figure 9 is a sectional elevation of another modified construction of pipes
extending beyond the ends of the vehicle.
Figure 10 is a detailed view of a part of the same.
Figure 11 is a longitudinal section of one of the ends of a receptacle for a heat
storage compound and appurtenances.
Figure 12 is a sectional side view of a modified construction of pipe; and
Figure 13 is a longitudinal section of pipes and a covering therefor.
A designates a pipe on a locomotive which is indicated by dotted lines B.
Similar pipes extend along a tender represented by dotted lines B' and along a
car also indicated by dotted lines B2. C indicates pipes extending outside the
pipes A. Flexible pipes A¹ C¹, arranged one within the other extend from the
pipes A, C, beyond the ends of the locomotive, tender, and carriage. At the ends
of the pipes AC which extend through the carriages cocks D are arranged. The
construction of these cocks D is shown in Figures 6 and 7. The plug of each of
the cocks has three passages a, b, c. When the plug is properly turned the
passage a will establish communication between the adjacent flexible pipe A¹ and
the outer pipe C, of the carriage and the passage c, will at the same time establish
communication between the adjacent flexible pipe C₁, and the inner pipe A of the
carriage. The plug of the cock at the forward end of the carriage is turned into
this position when the heating agent is desired to pass through the pipes of the
carriages. The plug of each of the cocks also has a passage b consisting of a recess
or cavity in its circumference, which when the plug is properly turned will establish
communication between the ends of the pipes AC of the carriages. The plug of
the cock which is located at the rear end of the carriage or at the rear end of the
It will be readily
last carriage of a train is always turned into this position.
understood that the steam passes from the source of supply through the inner pipe
to the cock at the forward end of the carriage and that thence it passes into and
along the outer pipe of the same. Returning it passes along the inner pipe of the
In this manner I
carriage and the outer of the pipes extending outside the same.
utilize the expended heating agent, which will never be of as low a temperature
as the atmosphere, to protect the live heating agent and yet I so dispose of it in
the carriage as to prevent it from interfering there with the live heating agent.
The upper end of the pipe A, arranged in the locomotive is intended to commu-
nicate with the boiler thereof, and this pipe is provided with a cock E, whereby
the amount of steam passing through it may be regulated. The pipe C of the
locomotive communicates under control of a three-way cock F, with a pipe G, which
leads to a tank H, on the tender B'. The cock F is ordinarily turned to allow the
contents of the pipe C, of the locomotive to pass into the pipe G. By the time the
steam reaches the pipe C, of the locomotive it is condensed into water, and this
water flows into the tank H where it may be utilized for supplying the boiler of
the locomotive,

page_text: I designates a pipe leading from the cock F to an injector J arranged on the
locomotive. A pump may be used instead of an injector. A pipe K leads from the
boiler of the locomotive to the injector or pump and supplies it with steam the
quantity of which is regulated by a cock L. A pipe M leads from the injector and
from the pipe M a branch pipe N leads to the tank H of the tender and a branch
pipe O to the boiler of the locomotive, a three-way cock P being employed to
control communication between the pipe M and the branch pipe N or between
the said pipe M and the branch pipe O.
When it is desired to draw off any condensed water from the pipes A, A¹, C, C³,
the three-way cock F is turned so as to cut off communication between the pipe C
of the locomotive and the pipe G, which leads to the tank H, and establish
communication between the said pipe C, and the pipe I, leading to the injector J.
The cock L is also turned to permit steam to pass through the pipe K to the
injector, and the three-way cock P, is manipulated to establish communication
between the pipe M, and the pipe N, which leads to the tank H of the
tender, or to the pipe O, which leads to the boiler of the locomotive. The
injector being then rendered operative all the water will be drawn out of
the pipes A A¹ C C² either into the tank H or into the boiler of the locomotive
according to the way the cock P is turned. This will be accomplished whether
the car is on level ground or on a gradient. The water being drawn off the
pipes A A C C cannot be damaged as might be the case if it were allowed to
remain and freeze.
The flexible pipes A¹ C' are employed to allow of the motion which necessarily
occurs between the different parts of a train. They are united by metallic
couplings Q. Each of these couplings is provided with one rigid hook e, and a
hook formed on a lever g pivoted in place and actuated by a spring h. When
the couplings are pressed together end to end the hooks f slip over and engage
with the hooks c, owing to the rounded ends or faces of both sets of hooks. The
springs then hold them in engagement. Guards extend outside these levers and
springs. Two sets of washers i, are employed to prevent leakage between the ends
of the couplings.
The pipes AC of the carriage preferably extend around the same close to the side
walls as indicated in Figure 2, but they may pass through the centre of the vehicle.
The pipes are for a portion of their length surrounded by a jacket R, containing a
compound in which a great amount of latent heat may be stored and given out as
needed. A good compound of this nature may be composed of two parts by
weight of caustic soda, eleven parts of acetic acid and thirteen parts of water.
The water may be omitted, but not advantageously for apart from cheapening the
compound it enhances all its desirable attributes.
Tho
The jacket or receptacle R consists of a cylinder screwed at each end into a
coupling piece whereby it is secured to a head d. The outer pipes C of the
carriages are made in sections and united, by being screwed into the heads d.
inner pipes A of the carriages through these heads d, spaces being left between
them and the heads for the passage of the heating Agent.
In Figure 12 is shown a flexible pipe A³ composed of sections of rigid material
such as metal united by universal joints. This can be used to advantage in
some cases.
In Figure 8 there are shown two pipes A, C, for extending through à carriage
and like those previously described, and connected to the shell or barrel of a
cock D. Pipes A', C¹, of flexible material are connected one above the other to the
shell or barrel of the cock D, and are designed to extend beyond the car. They
are secured at the outer end to a coupling Q which may be fastened to a similar
coupling secured to other pipes A' C'. These couplings Qare substantially like
those formerly described. In this modification of the invention the plug of the
cock D has a passage bexactly like that previously described, but its passages a c,
do not cross each other as in the case with the cock herein before described. The

page_text: live heating agent will however, pass from the pipe A' to the outer pipe C as before
described.
. Each of the pipes A¹, C¹, will according to this modification be accessible
independently of the other.
The pipes A, C, shown in Figures 9 and 10 are like those formerly described as
extending through a carriage and they are secured to the barrel or shell of a cock D.
The barrel of this cock is shown as externally of spherical form. It has passages
k and k¹, . The plug of the valve has a passage b. like that formerly described
and two passages a, c, which control communication between the passages
and Applied to the exterior of the barrel of this cock is a shell m, which is
made in two parts bolted together so as to be capable of being fitted over the
barrel of the cock. It has sockets 42, 12, which communicate with the passages k¹ l'
of the barrel of the cock and receive within them pipes A' C¹ made of rigid
material. To the outer end of these pipes A¹ C¹ are fitted pipes A³, C², made of the
same material and adapted to be moved inwards or outwards thereon. At the
outer ends these pipes A2, C, are furnished with a coupling piece Q. These
pipes A', C¹, A, C, are longitudinally extensible and contractible, and may move
laterally and vertically with respect to the barrel of the cock to accommodate them-
selves to the motion of the carriage. The adjacent ends of the pipes A¹², C¹, A³ C³,
are packed to prevent leakage past. them. The barrel of the cock may be made
cylindrical so that the shell m will be able to swing laterally only and in that case
the vertical movement may be provided for by a swivel joint between the cock and
the pipes A, C, of the carriage. Such a joint may be arranged at n in Figure 2.
If, for any reason, it shall be found preferable to circulate the live heating agent
through the inner pipe A, of the carriage that may be done. Air or water may be
used in lieu of steam in some cases, and the apparatus will be found advantageous
for it, as it will be more economical to return the expended or useless air or water
back to its source and reheat it, than to heat a supply of fresh air or water
In Figure 13 the pipes A, C, and a surrounding receptacle R are shown. The
latter has applied to its exterior a covering of nonconducting material, such, for
instance as asbestos. This covering may be used upon the receptacle when the
latter is to be used as a mere conduit for a heating agent, and not in a vehicle or
otherwise where the heating agent is to be utilized.
An apparatus embodying the improvements may be used in tram cars or single
cars or the like, but the pipes A, C, will be supplied with a heating agent, from a
source outside the car by means of flexible pipes.
Having thus fully described the said Invention as communicated to me by my
foreign Correspondent and the manner of performing the same I wish it understood
that I claim.
First. The combination, with a pipe or pipes for conveying steam along a train,
of an injector or pump on the locomotive, and means whereby the said injector or
pump may be readily connected with the said pipe or pipes and supplied with
steam from a boiler for the purpose of drawing from the pipe or pipes any water
that may remain therein, and whereby it may be readily disconnected from the
said pipe or pipes when it is no longer desired to be used, substantially as
specified.
Second. The combination, with two pipes extending around or through a
vehicle, one of the said pipes being arranged within the other, and one containing
a heating agent, and the other conveying the waste or expended heating agent
away, of a yielding or flexible pipe or pipes extending beyond the vehicle, and a
cock for controlling communication between the pipes within, and the pipe or pipes
extending beyond, the vehicle, substantially as specified.
Third. The combination, with two pipes extending around or through a vehicle,
of a receptacle for the outer pipe containing acetate of potash or a mixture of about
two parts by weight of caustic soda and about eleven parts by weight of acetic

page_text: acid or the equivalents thereof, with or without the addition of water, substantially
as specified.
Fourth. The combination of pipes for conveying a heating agent around or
through a vehicle, other pipes for conveying the waste or expended heating agent
back again, and flexible pipes one within the other extending beyond the said
vehicle, substantially as specified.
Fifth. The combination of pipes for conveying a heating agent around a
vehicle, pipes arranged within the first mentioned pipes for conducting the waste
or expended heating agent from the vehicle, two pipes outside the said vehicle
arranged one within the other for respectively conveying the heating agent to,
and the waste heating agent from, the said vehicle and a cock adapted to establish
communication between the outer of the pipes within the vehicle and the inner
of the pipes outside the same, as also between the inner of the pipes within the
vehicle and the outer of the pipes outside the same, or to connect the two pipes
within the vehicle, substantially as specified.
Sixth-The combination of a pipe for containing a heating agent, a receptacle
surrounding the said pipe and containing acetate of potash, or a mixture of
caustic soda and acetic acid or the equivalents thereof, with or without the
addition of water, and an external wrapping of a material which is a non-conductor
of heat, substantially as, and for the purpose, specified.
Seventh-The combination, with the pipes A' C¹ or A³ C³, of the couplings Q,
rigid hooks e, the hooks f formned upon the levers y, the springs h and the guards
extending outside the levers and springs, substantially as specified.
Eighth The combination of the pipes A C and the cylinder R, of the coupling
piece d', and the head d, substantially as specified.
In witness whereof I the said William Robert Lake have hereunto set my
hand and seal this Twentieth day of February in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and eighty three.