IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR SLUBBING, ROVING, SPINNING, AND DOUBLING COTTON AND OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS
Year: 1861

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James Dunn, of Preston, in the County Palatine of
Lancaster, Book-keeper, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY
OR APPARATUS FOR SLUBBING, ROVING, SPINNING, AND DOUBLING COTTON AND
OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS."
Sealed the 3rd October 1861, and dated the 5th April 1861.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James Dunn at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 5th April
1861.
I, JAMES DUNN, of Preston, in the County Palatine of Lancaster, Book-
keeper, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR SLUBBING, ROVING, SPINNING, AND.
DOUBLING COTTON AND OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to a peculiar construction and arrangement of "flyer;"
applicable to the slubbing, roving, and doubling of cotton and other fibrous.
materials, whereby two twists can be given to the material under treatment at
every single revolution of the flyer, and the entire operation of twisting is
effected in a more speedy and efficient manner than heretofore..
According to this Invention the flyer, in place of having one end free and
unsupported, as is usually the case, is supported in a bearing at each end, so
that it cannot possibly expand or spring outwards at whatever speed it may be

page_text: driven. The neck of the flyer revolves in a collar bearing in a suitable fixed
support, whilst its foot revolves in a footstep bearing in another fixed support
below. The flyer is driven by a pulley or wharve, fast on the lower shank or
foot of the flyer, and the bobbin which is loose on the spindle is driven from a
small pulley or wharve running loose upon the neck of the flyer, and actuated
by a band from a drum. This pulley has fast to it a mitre pinion, which gears
into another mitre pinion carried loosely on a horizontal stud in the flyer; this
pinion again gears into a third mitre pinion fitted loosely on a boss inside the
flyer. To this last-mentioned pinion is secured a pulley or wharve, which gives
motion to the spindle carrying the bobbin, such spindle resting upon a separate
footstep of its own, carried by a stationary platform herein-after referred to,
supported by the lower part of the flyer. The thread or roving passes down
the limb of the flyer, which may be slotted or channelled in the usual manner,
and after passing up through a guide eye below the bobbin is guided on to
the bobbin by a travelling guide eye, working up and down a right and left
hand screw spindle, carried in brackets on the platform above referred to.
This spindle is rotated by a cord passing round the wharve or pulley, which
transmits motion to the bobbin. It is requisite that the platform with its
supports should not rotate with the flyer, which it would have a tendency to
do if means were not taken to prevent it. For this purpose the platform or
plate rests upon an under plate, which is steadied by being ultimately locked
or engaged at each end with one of two vertical brackets on the fixed
support which carries the footstep of the flyer. In order to admit of the flyer
in its revolutions facing the lower plate a rapid reciprocating sliding motion is
imparted to the latter by an eccentric on the foot of the flyer, so that just as
the flyer passes the plate is slid to one side, and engages with the opposite
support, the engagement with one or other of the two supports serving to
prevent the under plate from revolving with the flyer. Suitable guides are
fitted on the upper plate or platform for the under one to slide in, the upper
plate, which is short enough to allow the flyer to play round it, being prevented
from following the lateral motion of the under plate by the eye through which
the roving or thread first passes after leaving the flyer.
According to another modification the bobbin and flyer may be placed
horizontally in lieu of vertically, in which case two of the pullies and the whole
of the mitre pinions are dispensed with; the flyer is driven by a pulley or
wharve as before, and the spindle which carries the bobbin is hinged to the
flyer and revolves with it, the bobbin running loosely thereon. The right and
left hand thread guiding screw is mounted in a frame, which is suspended
loosely from each internal extremity of the flyer. This frame is provided

page_text: with a socket, on which one end of the spindle works loosely, the other end
being attached to the flyer, as above stated. Motion is imparted to the right
and left hand screw spindle from the inside neck of the flyer, which is made
eccentric for this purpose, and actuates a series of ratchet and spur pinions
through a lever.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said James Dunn in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 5th
October 1861.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JAMES
DUNN, of Preston, in the County Palatine of Lancaster, Book-keeper, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Fifth day of April, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and sixty-one, in the twenty-fourth year of Iler
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said James Dunn, Her special license that I, the said James Dunn,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said James
Dunn, my executors, administrators, or assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the
term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR
APPARATUS FOR SLUBBING, ROVING, SPINNING, AND DOUBLING COTTON AND OTHER
FIBROUS MATERIALS," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said
James Dunn, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing
under my hand and seal, or under the hand and seal of one of them,
should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention,
and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same
to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months
next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said James Dunn, do hereby declare the
nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement, reference being had to the accompanying Drawings, and to the
letters and figures marked thereon, that is to say:―
My said Invention relates to a peculiar construction and arrangement of

page_text: "flyer" applicable to the slubbing, roving, spinning, and doubling of cotton
and other fibrous materials, whereby two twists can be given to the material
under, treatment at every single revolution of the flyer, and, the entire opera-
tion of twisting. is effected in a more speedy and efficient manner than here-
tofore.
may
According to this Invention, the flyer, in place of having one end free and
unsupported as is usually the case, is supported in a bearing at each end so
that it cannot possibly expand or spring outwards at whatever speed it be
driven. The neck of the flyer revolves in a collar bearing in a suitable fixed
support, whilst its foot revolves in a footstep bearing in another fixed support
below. The flyer is driven by a pulley or wharve fast on the lower shank or
foot of the flyer, and the bobbin, which is held moderately tight on the
spindle, is driven from a small pulley or wharve running loose upon the neck
of the flyer and actuated by a band from a drum. This pulley has fast to it
a mitre pinion, which gears into another mitre pinion carried loosely on a
horizontal stud carried by the flyer; this pinion again gears into a mitre
pinion fitted loosely on a vertical stud formed on the inside of the flyer. To
this last mentioned pinion is secured a pulley or wharve which gives motion
to the spindle carrying the bobbin, such spindle resting upon a separate
footstep of its own carried by a stationary platform herein-after referred to,
supported by the lower part of the flyer. The thread or roving passes down the
limb of the flyer, which may be furnished with guide eyes, or slotted or channelled
in the usual manner, and after passing up through a guide eye below the
bobbin it is guided on to the bobbin by a travelling guide eye or hook, herein-
after described, made to travel up and down by a reverse double-threaded or
right and left hand screw carried in bearings on the platform above referred
to. This screw is rotated by a cord passing round the wharve or pulley which
transmits motion to the bobbin. It is requisite that the platform with its
supports should not rotate with the flyer, which it would do if means were not
taken to prevent it. For this purpose the platform or plate rests upon an
under plate, which is steadied by being alternately locked or engaged at each
end with one of two vertical brackets on the fixed support which carries the
footstep of the flyer. In order to admit of the flyer in its revolutions passing
the lower plate, a rapid reciprocating sliding motion is imparted to the latter
by an eccentric on the foot of the flyer, so that just as the flyer passes the
plate is slid to one side and engages with the opposite support, the engage-
ment with one or other of the two supports serving to prevent the under plate
from revolving with the flyer. Suitable guides are fitted on the upper plate.
or platform for the under one to slide in the upper plate, which is short

page_text: enough to allow the flyer to play round it, being prevented from following the
latteral motion of the under plate by the eye through which the roving or
thread first passes after leaving the flyer.
According to another modification the bobbin and flyer may be placed
horizontally in lieu of vertically, in which case two of the pullies and the
whole of the mitre pinions are dispensed with, and a series of friction pullies
may be adopted instead. In this modification the flyer is driven by a pulley
or wbarve as before, and the spindle which carries the bobbin is either hinged
to the flyer and revolves with it, the bobbin running loosely thereon, or it is
detached from the flyer, and driven by friction, as herein-before described.
The reverse thread guiding screw is mounted in a frame, which is suspended
loosely from each internal extremity of the flyer. This frame is provided with
a socket on which one end of the spindle works loosely, the other end being
supported by or attached to the flyer, as above stated, or to the opposite end of
the frame. Motion is imparted to the reverse threaded screw spindle from
the inside neck of the flyer, upon which a worm is cut actuating a series of
worm wheels.
In lieu of the spindle being attached to the flyer by a hinge
it may be entirely detached from it, and driven by friction, as herein-after;
described.
And in order that my said Invention may be fully understood I shall.
now proceed more particularly to describe the same, and for that 'purpose. I
shall refer to the several Figures on the Sheet of Drawings hereunto annexed,
the same letters of reference indicating corresponding parts throughout all
the Figures.
Figure 1 of the Drawings represents a side elevation of the first modification,
of my improved apparatus herein-before first referred to; Figure 2 represents
a plan of the traverser; Figure 3 is a plan of the reciprocating plate and
eccentric for actuating the same; and Figure 4 is a side elevation of the second,
modification of my apparatus.
A, A, A, (Figure 1) represents the flyer mounted in bearings B', B2; the.
neck of the flyer passes through the bearing B', and receives the thread at C,.
the course of which is shewn by the red line. The flyer A is driven by the
pulley D fixed upon the foot of the flyer; E is the bobbin to which a winding
on motion is imparted through the pulley F mounted loosely upon the neck of:
the flyer; attached to this pulley is a small mitre wheel G, which also, works
loosely upon the neck of the flyer, and drives another mitre wheel H carried
loosely upon a short arm or stud of the flyer at I. This latter drives a third,
mitre wheel mounted loosely upon an internal stud in the flyer at K. The last
wheel has attached to it a wharve or pulley L, having upon it a hollow boss or

page_text: neck M, for the convenience of holding in its place the spindle N carrying the
bobbin E, the foot of the spindle being mounted in the footstep bearing O.
The pulley E is driven by a band actuated by the cone drum apparatus of the
ordinary roving frame, hence it is obvious that the motion of the bobbin E,
which is connected by a lug to the boss M, may be graduated to the require-
ments of its increasing diameter. The thread is made to traverse from end to
end of the bobbin by means of a right and left hand screw P, mounted in
bearings Q, Q, and carrying a small pulley R, driven by a band from the
pulley L.
a is a round rod upon which is fitted loosely the "traverser" shewn at Figure 2;
this traverser guides the thread to the bobbin, and is formed by a ring 6 loosely
encircling the upright a. This ring has projecting from it on one side a hook
or guide eye c for conveying the thread to the bobbin, and on the other side a
fork or clip d, fitted into the thread of and half encircling the right and left
hand or double reverse threaded screw P, the rotation of which imparts a
reciprocating motion to the traverser, which is alternately acted upon at each
traverse by the right and left thread of the screw, and consequently moves up
and down so as to guide the thread evenly into the bobbin along its entire
length. It will be seen that the bobbin requires only motion sufficient to
enable it to wind on the thread as fast as it is given out by the front roller.
Unless prevented, however, the apparatus would carry the bobbin round at the
same speed as the flyer. To prevent this the following contrivance is adopted:
The bearing O, carrying the spindle and bobbin, also the bearing Q, carrying
the screw spindle P, are mounted upon a kind of double platform T, U, the
upper part of which T is intended to remain stationary, whilst the lower
part U is held to the upper part by means of the guides V, V, and is made to
keep the upper part in a stationary position, as follows:-The part U rests
upon the foot of the flyer at W. This foot is formed by an eccentric disc W',
a plan of which is shewn at Figure 3. Upon motion being given to the flyer
the disc working against the lugs X, X, (Figure 3) imparts to the part U an
alternating lateral motion, causing it to slide towards and catch the small
pillar Y, when the leg of the flyer is at the point Z', or the pillar Y', when
the leg of the flyer is at the point Z, so that in this manner the platform with.
its mountings is kept locked and prevented from revolving with the flyer.
In the modification shewn at Figure 4, A, A, A, is the flyer carried on
bearings B¹, B, and driven by pulley D; E is the bobbin mounted and driven
as follows: From inner projections or bosses E', E2, at each end of the flyer
is suspended loosely a framework F provided with the arms G1, G2, which carry
the spindle N, upon which is mounted the bobbin. Motion is given to the

page_text: spindle, and through it to the bobbin, which is mounted rather tightly upon
the spindle as follows:-The part E2 projecting inside the flyer (and revolving
with it) carries a friction disc I working in contact with another friction disc J
carried on the end of the spindle to which motion is thus given. The spindle,
however, being held by the thread is prevented from revolving faster than is
sufficient to take up the thread as it is given out by the front roller. The
thread is made to traverse from end to end of the bobbin by means of the
reverse threaded or right and left hand screw P, working a traverser or guide c,
as in Figures 1 and 2, the screw in the present instance being driven from the
spindle by means of a worm cut upon the spindle at h, and driving a small
worm wheel i fast on the small shaft K, upon the foot of which is a worm k
driving a worm wheel on the end of the screw spindle P. The traverser is
carried by a rod a, mounted close to the screw, as herein-before described in
reference to the first modification. In order to lessen the tendency of the
suspended framework to oscillate the following contrivance is adopted: At
the bearing B³ is a boss or projection L' forming part of the bearing; this boss
serves as a stationary friction pulley, round which, and in contact with it, works
another friction pulley M¹ mounted in the shoulder of the flyer at M². The
pulley M is fast upon the short shaft O, which at its other end carries another
friction pulley P¹. It will be seen that the two pullies M¹ and P¹, have two
motions, viz., one round the axis of the flyer, and another round their own
axis, and as the pulley P¹ is in contact with a fourth pulley Q¹ it will be
obvious that this last will remain stationary, so as to form a stationary point. of
suspense to the framework, which in this way is made to hang more steadily
than might otherwise be the case. It will also be obvious the motion of the
spindle may be regulated positively, instead of by the friction discs I, J, simply
by detaching the stationary friction pulley L' from the bearing B³, and giving
motion to it by means of a band or otherwise, as in Figure 1.
It will thus be seen that in both modifications a first twist is imparted to
the thread upon its first entering the neck of the flyer, and that it receives a
second twist upon its leaving the flyer at the foot thereof, so that per
spindle the apparatus would accomplish twice the production of an ordinary
mule or throstle driven at the same speed. The drag being extremely delicate
well as to the
the apparatus can be applied to roving and slubbing as
spinning of the finest counts. The peculiar shape of the flyer enables it
to be driven at any speed practicable. A spinning machine, mounted
with this apparatus would be of the simplest possible construction, as no
internal driving gear is required.
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of my said

page_text: Invention, and the manner in which the same is or may be used or carried
into effect, I would observe in conclusion that what I consider to be novel and
original, and therefore claim as the Inventor secured to me by the herein-
before in part recited Letters Patent, is,―
First, the general constructions, arrangements and combinations of apparatus
for slubbing, roving, spinning, and doubling cotton and other fibrous materials
as herein-before described and illustrated by my Drawings.
Second, the sơ arranging and constructing the flyers in machinery for
slubbing, roving, spinning, and doubling cotton and other fibrous materials
that the thread or filament produced and operated upon shall receive a
first twist on entering the flyer, and a second twist on leaving the same.
Third, the peculiar means herein-before described for imparting two
twists to the thread at each revolution of the flyer in apparatus employed
in slubbing, roving, spinning, and doubling cotton and other fibrous
materials.
Fourth, the application and use of toothed gearing or friction pullies for
graduating the motion of the bobbin as herein-before described.
Fifth, the application and use of a double reverse threaded or right
and left hand screw spindle and traverser for guiding the thread or filament
on to the bobbin as herein-before described.
Sixth, the peculiar modes of mounting and driving the bobbings as herein-
before described and illustrated in the Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said James Dunn, have to this my Speci-
fication hereunto set my hand and seal, this Second day of
October, One thousand eight hundred and sixty-one.
JAMES DUNN. (L.8.)