Yiption of Vehicle, Sea Going Vessels, or Stationary Objects.
Year: 1885

page_text: Yiption of
Vehicle, Sea Going Vessels, or Stationary Objects.
I ROBERT HOWE GOULD Mechanical Engineer of 2 Hill Street Peckham in
the county of Surrey do hereby declare the nature of the said invention for
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR EXHIBITING ADVERTISEMENTS, NOTICES AND
PICTURES IN OR OUTSIDE OF EVERY DESCRIPTION OF VEHICLE, SEA GOING VESSELS
OR STATIONARY OBJECTS, to be as follows:-
My invention relates to the construction of an advertising apparatus for
exhibiting advertisements, notices and pictures in or outside of every description
of vehicles, such as omnibuses, tramcars, cabs, vans, railway carriages, tricycles and
the like or sea going vessels, such pictures, advertisements or notices being con-
tinually changed or transformed into another picture advertisement or notice
automatically by the motion or vibration of the said vehicles or ships, one form
of which apparatus can be used where it would be stationary and not subject to
motion of any kind
For this purpose I arrange the pictures or advertisements in such a manner that
a slight mechanical impulse shall cause one of the said pictures or advertisements
to be removed from view and be replaced by another picture or advertisement by
a rotary action, or so that the said mechanical impulso shall cause one picture or
advertisement to be covered by another advertisement or picture by a sliding
action. For actuating the said pictures or advertisements I employ mechanisin as
hereinafter described, which, by means of the shaking, jolting and vibration of the
moving vehicles, or the rolling and lurching of sea going vessels, shall automatically,
either gradually or suddenly cause a movement sufficient to actuate either of the
above described arrangements of pictures or advertisements.
The said mechanism is placed in any suitable position, but preferably behind the
advertisements or pictures, so as to be hidden from view.
It consists of a suitably weighted pendulum having a pawl and spring moveably
attached to it near the point of suspension.
Two safety buffers serve to limit te movement of the pendulum, a ratchet
wheel and an adjustable stud, pin or can being fixed to the same. A detent paw!

page_text: and spring are provided independently fixed to the frame, for preventing the
backward movement of the ratchet wheel. A lever is moveably fitted to the
frame, and constructed in such a manner that the pin, stud or cam on the ratchet
wheel moves it in one direction at one half revolution and in the other direction
at the following half revolution. This lever is employed for the sliding arrange-
ment. For the rotary arrangement the stud on the ratchet wheel is required to
move the lever in one direction only. In this case the lever has a small pawl and
spring moveably attached to it which can push a small wheel having three ratchet
teeth and detent one tooth at a time ie, one third of a revolution-An opposing
spring fixed to the frame causes the lever and pawl to fly back to their original
position as soon as the stud has passed, and thus liberates the lever. The action is
as follows:-
The gradual movement of the first described ratchet wheel by means of
its stud pushes the lever and with it the small pawl back one third of the
circumference of the small ratchet, the detent of the ratchet keeping the same.in.
position; at the moment the stud passes the lever it liberates it, and the opposing-
spring causes the small pawl to push the small ratchet one tooth i.e. one third of
its circumference forwards.
It will be seen that in this case the pendulum merely compresses the spring
which effects the change of the picture; this is to ensure a sudden change of
picture in the rotary arrangement...
I will now proceed. to describe more fully the rotary arrangement for effecting
the change of picture and advertisements.
Three different pictures or advertisements each of which may be for example
12 inches high and 9 inches. broad are each cut (the narrow way) into 12 strips
one inch broad and nine inches long-Twelve triangular pieces of wood or other
suitable material with their edges slightly rounded are centrally pivoted at both
ends and placed parallel to each other, with the pivots bearing in a rectangular
frame. The said triangular pieces can revolve at the same speed in the same
direction, without interfering with each other, but not in any other way; they are:
-all coupled together by means of a coupling rod in a similar manner to the driving
wheels of some locomotive engines, and on one of the said pieces is fixed the small
ratchet but on the end opposite to the coupling rod; when the herein before
described mechanism causes the small ratchet wheel and with it one of the
triangular pieces to revolve one third of a revolution, the coupling rod will cause
all the triangular pieces to revolve to the extent of a third of the circumference;
if the three different pictures or advertisements which are cut-in strips be-pasted-
proper order on the triangular revolving pieces, three different pictures or adver-
tisements will be alternately exhibited to view, provided always that the lever, the
small ratchet-detent and the stud on the main ratchet wheel be placed properly
in relation to each other.
in
For the sliding arrangement for alternately showing two different pictures or
advertisements, I employ two series of strips of thin metal or other suitable
material; one series is fixed flatwise and the strips are laid one over the other in
such a manner that each one slightly overlaps the next one above.
By this arrangement there are as many apertures in an upward direction as
there are strips of thin metal or other suitable material; I employ a second series
of thin strips of the same material as that of the strips hereinbefore described, but
this series is not fastened together at the sides but at the lower edge of each strip,
and each of the latter is somewhat broader than the corresponding one of the first
series; the upper edges of the second series are placed at the same distance
from each other as the visible edges of the strips of the first series; I then insert
each strip of the second series in the corresponding aperture of the first series
(caused by the over lapping) and the result will be that, on pushing up the second
series sufficiently far, the first series will be covered and hidden from view by the
second series.
4

page_text: A picture is then cut into strips of the same width as the visible portions of the
strips of the first series, and the strips are pasted or otherwise attached to the said
visible portions in proper order, and a complete picture is thereby produced;
a, second picture or an advertisement is then cut into strips of the same width and
the strips are pasted in proper order on the upper and visible portions of the
second series and a second picture or advertisement will be produced.
By attaching a rigid support to the back of the second series-and moving it up
and down the width of the strips (say of an inch), the two pictures or picture
and advertisement, or two advertisements, will be alternately brought to view.
Where there is no vibration or motion, such for example as on railway arches,
walls and like places, in place of the pendulum I employ a simple clockwork of
suitable known construction.

page_text: Vehicle, Sea Going Vessels, or Stationary Objects.
I ROBERT HOWE GOULD, Mechanical Engineer of 2 Hill Street Peckham in the
county of Surrey do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement:—
My invention relates to the construction of an advertising apparatus for
exhibiting advertisements, notices and pictures or the like in or outside of every
description of vehicles, such as omnibuses, tramcars, cabs, vans, railway carriages,
tricycles, and the like or sea going vessels, such pictures, advertisements or notices
being continually changed or transformed into another picture, advertisement or
notice automatically by the vibration or motion of the said vehicles or ships, one
form of which apparatus can be used where it would be stationary and not subject
to a vibrating or oscillating motion of any kind. For this purpose I arrange the
pictures or advertisements in such a manner that a slight mechanical impulse shall
cause one of the said pictures or advertisements to be removed from view and be
replaced by another picture or advertisement by a rotary action, or so that the said
mechanical impulso shall cause one picture or advertisement to be covered by
another advertisement or picture by a sliding action. For actuating the said
pictures or advertisements I employ mechanism as hereinafter described, which, by
means of the shaking, jolting and vibration of the moving vehicles, or the rolling
and lurching of sea going vessels, shall automatically either gradually or suddenly
cause a movement sufficient to actuate either of the above described arrangements
of pictures or advertisements.
The said mechanism is placed in any suitable position, but preferably behind the
advertisements or pictures so as to be hidden from view.
In order to enable my invention to be fully understood I will describe the same
by reference to the accompanying drawing in which figure 1 is a front elevation of
an apparatus constructed according to my invention and suitable for exhibiting
advertisements, notices and pictures in or outside of vehicles or sea going vessels
the picture advertisement or the like being changed by being covered by another
picture, the said change being effected gradually; figure 2, is a vertical transverse
section on line A, B, of figure 1 and figure 3 is a vertical section on line C, D of
figure 2; figure 4 is a section on line E, F of figure 3; figure 5 is a similar view
to figure 3 but shewing the mechanism arranged to effect the change of picture
advertisement or the like instantaneously; figure 6 is a transverse vertical section
on line G, H of figure 5; figure 7 is part of a similar view to figure 5 but
shewing a modified arrangement of mechanism; figures 8, 9 and 10 are similar
views to figures 1, 2 and 3 but shewing the arrangement whereby the pictures or
the like are suddenly changed by a rotary action. Similar letters in all the figures
represent similar or corresponding parts.

page_text: For the sliding arrangement for alternately showing two different pictures or
advertisements as illustrated in figures 1 to 7 1 employ two series of strips of thin
metal a and b or other suitable material; the series a, is fixed flatwise to the
sides A of the frame as shewn in figure 4, and the strips are laid one over the other
in such a manner that each one slightly overlaps the next one above as shewn in
figures 2 and 6.
By this arrangement there are as many apertures in an upward direction as
there are strips of thin metal or other suitable material; the second series b, of thin
strips is made of the same material as that of the strips a, but this series is not
fastened at the sides but is attached at the lower edge of each strip to a rigid
backing c, also preferably, of thin metal and each of the latter strips b, is somewhat
broader than the corresponding one of the first series a, the upper edges of the
second series b, are placed at the same distance from each other as the visible edges
of the strips of the first series 6; 1 then insert each strip of the second series b, in
the corresponding apertures (caused by the overlapping) of the first series a, and
the result will be that, on pushing up the second series b, sufficiently far, the first
series a will be covered and hidden from view by the second series b.
A picture is then cut into strips of the same width as the visible portions of the
strips of the first series a, and the strips are pasted or otherwise attached to the
said visible portions in proper order, and a complete picture is thereby produced;
a second picture or an advertisement is then cut into strips of the samo width and
the strips are pasted in proper order on the upper and visible portions of the second
series b, and a second picture or advertisement will be produced.
By attaching the said rigid support e to the lower edges of the second series b,
as shewn and described and moving it up and down the width of the strips (say
three quarters of an inch) the two pictures or picture and advertisement, or two
advertisements will be alternately brought to view.
Having described the manner in which the sliding changeable pictures or.
advertisements are formed I will now describe the mechanism by which they are
automatically actuated by the motion or vibration of a vehicle or ship by reference
to figures 1 to 4.
The said mechanism consists of a suitably weighted pendulum d, having a
pawl e, and spring f, moveably attached to it near the point of suspension g.
Two safety buffers h, h, serve to limit the movement of the pendulum d, a
ratchet wheel, is pivotted to the back B of the frame and carries a stud or pin j
(or a cam) adjustable in a slot k in the ratchet wheel i. A detent pawl land
spring m, are provided independently fixed to the back B of the frame, for
preventing the backward movement of the ratchet wheel i. A lever ՊՆ, is moveably
fitted or jointed to the frame at a¹, and provided with cams 8 and p, on its under
surface so that when the pin or stud j, on the ratchet wheel i, (as the latter rotates)
comes against the cam o, the lever will be moved in one direction at one half
revolution and when the pin or stud j, comes against the other cam p, the lever
will be moved in the other direction at the following half revolution.
The moveable backing piece c, carrying the series of strips b, is guided vertically
by means of a flat bar q, having holes r, into which take pins 8, fixed to the piece c
the said bar sliding in guides t, in the top and bottom of the frane; the outer end
of the lever n, is forked as shewn at u, to receive a pin v, on the flat bar q, whereby
the motion of the lever as the penduluin d, oscillates is communicated to the series
of strips b, so as to alternately lower and raise the same and change the picture or
advertisement; w, is a guide in which the lower end of the pendulum works to
prevent its swaying or moving in any other than the required direction; x and y
are stops for limiting the movement of the lever n.
The arrangement shewn in figures 5 and 6 is the same as that herein before
described by reference to figures 1 to 4 with the exception that the lever n, is
adapted to operate a ratchet and toothed wheels so as to produce.a'sudden change
of the pictures advertisements or the like.
•
"
i

page_text: For this purpose a spring a³, is provided bearing upon the under-side of the
lever n, which is formed with a downwardly extending arm z, carrying a spring
pawl b, for operating a ratchet c¹, having four teeth and fixed to a toothed
wheel d, rotating on the back B, of the frame and gearing with a pinion e¹, which
is rotated once for each half revolution of the wheel d; the pin v, for raising and
lowering the flat bar q, is fixed eccentrically on the face of the pinion e¹, and moves
in a slot f¹, in the bar q in this arrangement the cam p, on the lever n, is dispensed
with, the pin j, only operating to depress the lever and the spring a³, to raise the
same.
The operation is as follows: The parts being in the position shewn in the
drawing when the pin j, of the ratchet i, has lowered the lever n, and has passed
from contact with the same the spring a³, will instantaneously force the lever
upwards and the pawl b', will at the same time rotate the ratchet c¹, to the extent
of one tooth whereby the toothed wheel d' will be caused to take a quarter of a
revolution and the pinion half a revolution; the latter in revolving will by means
of its pin v, moving in the slot f¹, raise the bar q, thereby instantaneously changing
the picture advertisement or the like; when the pin j, of the ratchet 2, again comes
against the lever n, it will in depressing the same gradually move back the pawl b'
into the next tooth of the ratchet c', ready to again move the latter forward one
tooth whereby the bar g, will be instantaneously drawn down and the picture or
advertisement again changed the next revolution of the ratchet i, will again move
the bar upwards and so on.
Figure 7, shews an arrangement whereby an instantaneous change of the picturo
advertisement or the like can be effected by employing a simple modification of the
lever n, shewn in figures 1 to 4 and a weight g¹, on the periphery of the ratchet i.
The lever n, is curved as shewn at h¹, into an arc of a circle concentric with the
periphery of the ratchet i, along which curved surface the pinj, travels after having
depressed the lever n, and lowered the bar q; this depression of the lever n, is
effected instantaneously by means of the said weight g', which when it reaches the
position shewn in dotted lines will overbalance and fall into its pendent position
as shown in full lines and will thereby partially rotate the ratchet &; the latter by
means of its pin j, will instantaneously depress the lever n, and effect the change
of picture or advertisement; the pin j, whilst travelling along the curved part h¹,
will keep the lever in its depressed position; as soon however as it has reached a
recess, (shewn in dotted lines) on the under surface of the lever, the said recess
will allow the lever to be passed by means of its spring a², over the pin j, and be
instantaneously raised thereby again changing the picture or advertisement.
I will now proceed to describe the rotary arrangement for effecting the change
of pictures and advertisements by reference to figures 8, 9 and 10.
Three different pictures or advertisements each of which may be for example
12 inches high and 9 inches broad are each cut (the narrow way) into 12 strips
one inch broad and nine inches long. Twelve triangular pieces j, of wood or other
suitable material with their edges slightly rounded are centrally pivotted at both
ends as shown at k¹, in figure 9 and placed parallel to each other, with the pivots
bearing in supports C, C, at the sides of the rectangular frame. The triangular
pieces, can revolve at the same speed in the same direction without interfering
with each other, but not in any other way; they are all provided at each end with
crank discs l', l, which are coupled together by means of coupling rods m³, m², in
a similar manner to the driving wheels of some locomotive engines and on one end
of the triangular pieces 1, is fixed a small ratchet n', having three teeth and a
detent ², the pin or stud j, on the ratchet wheel i (as in the arrangements shown
in figures 5, 6 and 7) is required to move the lever n, in one direction only. In
this case the lever n, has its fulcrum a¹ at its centre or thereabouts; a pawl b³,
sliding in guides o¹, o¹, on the frame of the apparatus and having a jointed end
controlled by a spring, being moveably attached to one end of the lever by means
of a pin p² working in the forked end q', of the same as shown in figure 10; the
pawl 6ª, is arranged to operate the ratchet one tooth at a time ie, one third of a

page_text: revolution. The opposing spring a², is fixed to the back B of the frame and causes
the lever and pawl 2, to fly back to their original position as soon as the pin or
stud j, has passed the lever and has thereby liberated it. The action is as follows:
The gradual movement of the ratchet wheel i, by means of its pin or stud j, pushes
down one end of the lever n, and thereby raises the pawl 63, back one third of the
circumference of the ratchet n¹, the jointed end of the pawl allowing of its passing
over the tooth and the detent c², of the ratchet n' keeping the same in position; at
the moment the pin or stud j, passes the lever n, it liberates it and the opposing
spring a², causes the lever by means of the pawl 62, to push the ratchet n¹, one tooth
i.e. one third of its circumference forwards.
It will be seen that in this case (as in the arrangements shewn in figures 5 and 6
and in figure 7) the pendulum & merely compresses the spring a which effects the
change of the picture; this is to ensure a sudden change of picture when the
ratchet wheel n', and with it the triangular piece 1, to which it is fixed is caused
to revolve one third of a revolution, the coupling rods ml, m', will cause all the
triangular pieces j¹, to revolve to the extent of a third of the circumference; if the
three different pictures or advertisements which are cut in strips be pasted in
proper order on the triangular revolving pieces j¹, three different pictures or
advertisements will be alternately exhibited to view. Instead of forming the
rotating pieces triangular as hereinbefore described they can obviously be made
with only two flat or by preference slightly convex surfaces in which case the
mechanism would be arranged to rotate them half instead of a third of a revolution
at each sudden movement of the lever n.
Where there is no vibration or oscillating motion, auch for example as on railway
arches, walls, river vessels and like places I employ a simple clockwork of suitable
known construction in which case the pendulum d, can if required be dispensed
with. It will be obvious that in all cases instead of employing springs to effect
the required instantaneous movement of the lever n, this can be accomplished by
means of weights suitably arranged for that purpose.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim is-
1. An apparatus for exhibiting advertisements, notices and pictures in or outside
vehicles or sea going vessels in which one advertisement or the like is automatically
changed or transformed into another advertisement or the like by suitable mechanism
actuated by the vibration or motion of the said vehicles or ships substantially as
herein before described.
2. In apparatus for exhibiting advertisements, notices and pictures the use of
the herein described arrangement whereby one advertisement or the like is covered
by another advertisement or the like by a sliding action when such action is auto-
matically effected by suitable arrangements of mechanism such as those herein before
described and represented in figures 1 to 4, figures 5 and 6 and figure 7 respectively
of the accompanying drawing such mechanism being operated by the vibration or
motion of a vehicle or ship or by clockwork.
3. The improved apparatus for exhibiting advertisements notices and pictures in
or outside of vehicles and sea going vessels substantially as herein before described
and represented in figures 1 to 4 of the accompanying drawing.
4. The improved apparatus for exhibiting advertisements, notices and pictures in
or outside of vehicles and sea going vessels substantially as hereinbefore described
and represented in figures 5 and 6 of the accompanying drawing.
5. In apparatus for exhibiting advertisements notices and pictures in or outside
of vehicles and seagoing vessels the arrangement of mechanism hereinbefore
described and represented in figure 7 of the drawing for effecting the sliding action
of the advertisements or the like.
6. In apparatus for exhibiting advertisements, notices and pictures the herein
described arrangement of rotary triangular picces connecting rods and crank discs

page_text: by operating which, one of the said advertisements or the like can be removed
from view and be replaced by other advertisements or the like substantially as
herein before described and represented in figures 8, 9 and 10 of the accompanying
drawing.
7. The herein described modification of the arrangement claimed in claim 6 in
which the rotary pieces are formed with only two flat or slightly concave surfaces
substantially as hereinbefore described.
8. The improved apparatus for exhibiting advertisements, notices and pictures
substantially as hereinbefore described and represented in figures 8, 9 and 10 of
the accompanying drawing.