IMPROVE- MENTS IN CONSOLIDATING OR SOLIDIFYING OILS TO BE USED IN THE MANU- FACTURE OF FLOORCLOTHS; IN THE METHOD OF MANUFACTURING THE FLOOR- CLOTH, AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES REQUIRING OILS SIMILARLY TREATED AND IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREFOR."
Year: 1871

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Edward Joseph William Parnacott, Engineer,
of Leeds, in the County of York, for the Invention of "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN CONSOLIDATING OR SOLIDIFYING OILS TO BE USED IN THE MANU-
FACTURE OF FLOORCLOTHS; IN THE METHOD OF MANUFACTURING THE FLOOR-
CLOTH, AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES REQUIRING OILS SIMILARLY TREATED AND
IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREFOR."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Edward Joseph William
Parnacott at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his
Petition, on the 4th August 1871.
I, EDWARD JOSEPH WILLIAM PARNACOTT, Engineer, of Leeds, in the
County of York, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN CONSOLIDATING OR SOLIDIFYING OILS TO BE USED IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF FLOORCLOTHS; IN THE METHOD OF MANUFACTURING THE FLOOR-
CLOTH, AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES REQUIRING OILS SIMILARLY TREATED, AND IN
MACHINERY OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREFOR," to be as follows:-
The first part of my Invention consists in the means and machinery
or apparatus employed in solidifying vegetable or other oils, and
consists in certain improved arrangements as hereafter described.

page_text: I provide a receiver or circular oil tank having a lid or cover of a
conical shape. At its apex I provide an opening the size of which may
be varied by an adjustable cover. In the interior of the receiver I fit a
perforated tube, and in such a manner that it may be readily withdrawn
for cleansing purposes.
The perforated tube or pipe in the above-described oil receiver is
connected by means of another pipe to a second receiver. Into this
receiver drying ingredients are passed, such as sulphate of copper,
sulphate of zinc, or sugar of lead, but by preference sulphate of copper,
these having previously been calcined and reduced by grinding to an
impalpable powder. The second receiver is also provided with a cover
securely fastened thereto, in which cover I provide a small opening
through which the pulverized material may be passed when required,
but when not required for this purpose is kept covered by a suitable lid.
The powder is forced from the second receiver through the connecting
and perforated pipe into the oil receiver by means of a powerful fan or
other blowing apparatus which is coupled to the second receiver by a
pipe through which the atmospheric air at a high pressure is passed
into the second receiver, and from thence carries with it the powdered
material through the perforated and connecting pipe into the interior of
the oil receiver. This operation thoroughly amalgamates the powdered
material with the oil, and has the effect of solidifying the oil into
an elastic or plastic substance. After the oil in this manner has been
brought to the required consistency or consolidation it is taken from the
receiver and passed through rollers. A quantity of litharge ground to a
powder is sifted over during this operation, which has the effect of not
only giving it a greater amount of stiffness, but also prevents adhesion
to the rollers whilst in operation.
When thus prepared the material (to which may be added some
suitable pigment) is suitable for the manufacture of floorcloths, but by
preference I mix with it in a pug mill or other suitable masticator a
quantity of leather dust, or when more convenient cork dust, sawdust,
or pulverized peat may be used.
When sufficiently mixed the material may be spread to any required
thickness on a continuous sheet of woven fabric and passed through
rollers of ordinary construction, with this exception, that I prefer to
make the top roller of glass, this having the effect of producing a much
smoother face on the oilcloth. For printing the various patterns on

page_text: the cloth the same processes may be employed as are used for floor-
cloths of ordinary construction.
When the solidified oil is required to be of a harder nature for such
purposes, as for articles known as "bosses" used on cotton, worsted, and
flax spinning machinery, I add to it a quantity of pulverized sulphur,
in the proportion of about seven of solidified oil to one of pulverized
sulphur, and then pass them through a pugmill or other suitable
masticator until they are properly amalgamated.
This operation being completed the material may be moulded into
any required form. After being placed in the mould it is submitted to
pressure, which may be applied by a screw press or other suitable known
means. The pressed material is then transferred into a drying mould
and placed in an oven, where it is subjected to a temperature varying
from 260 to 365 degrees Fahrenheit.
The operation of vulcanizing is performed in a similar manner to
that of caoutchouc, but I prefer to let it remain in the oven from 3 to 4
hours.
When required as a covering for telegraph wires the material is the
same in consistency as when used for oil or floorcloths, and is put on to
the wire in the same manner as is adopted in using gutta percha, viz. by
forcing it through a dic.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Edward Joseph William Parnacott in the Great
Seal Patent Office on the 3rd February 1872.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, EDWARD
JOSEPH WILLIAM PARNACOTT, Engineer, of Leeds, in the County of
York, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Fourth day of August, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-one, in the thirty-fifth
year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and
grant unto me, the said Edward Joseph William Parnacott, Her special
licence that I, the said Edward Joseph William Parnacott, my exe-
cutors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Edward
Joseph William Parnacott, my executors, administrators, and assigns,

page_text: should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and
at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and
lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United King-
dom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of
Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN CONSOLIDATING OR SOLIDIFYING
OILS TO BE USED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF FLOORCLOTHS AND FOR OTHER PUR-
POSES REQUIRING OILS SIMILARLY TREATED, AND IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS
EMPLOYED THEREFOR," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said
Edward Joseph William Parnacott, my executors or administrators, by
an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and
seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and
cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Edward Joseph William Parnacott,
do hereby declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement, reference being had to the accom-
panying Drawings, and to the letters of reference marked thereon, that
is to say:-
1
Fig. 1 of the accompanying Drawings is a transverse section of
apparatus constructed according to my Invention; Fig. 2 is a plan
looking at the top, and Fig. 3 is a plan of lid or cover, also looking at
the top; Fig. 4 is a section and elevation of glass roller, and Fig. 5 is an
end clevation.
The first part of my Invention consists in the means and machinery
or apparatus employed in solidifying vegetable or other oils, and consists
in certain improved arrangements as hereafter described.
I provide a receiver or circular oil tank a made either of cast or
wrought iron having a lid or cover 6 of a conical shape. At the apex
of the lid or cover b an opening is provided, the size of which may bc
varied by an adjustable cover c. In the interior of the receiver a I fit
a perforated pipe or tube d, and in such a manner that it may be readily
withdrawn for cleansing purposes.
The perforated tube or pipe d in the above-described receiver a is
connected by means of another pipe e to a second receiver f. Into this
receiver drying ingredients are passed, such as sulphate of copper,

page_text: sulphate of zinc, or sugar of lead, but by preference sulphate of copper,
these having previously been calcined and reduced by grinding to an
impalpable powder. The second receiver f is provided with a cover g
securely fastened thereto. I provide a small opening h in the top through
which the pulverized material may be passed, over the opening his
provided a trap i, by this arrangement the drying material may be
passed into the interior of the receiver whilst the solidifying operation
is going on.
For the purpose of warming the drying material and atmospheric air
as it passes through the second receiver f, I fit the receiver fin a hot
air vessel which may be heated by jets of gas k or other suitable
known means. The drying material is poured into the cup 1, passing
when required from thence into the chamber m, the stop-cock n being
opened for that purpose. When sufficient material has passed into the
chamber m the stop-cock n is closed. When the lower stop-cock o is
opened the powder passes freely into the interior of the receiver f. The
powder is forced from the second receiver ƒ through the connecting
pipe e and perforated pipe d into the oil receiver a by means of a
powerful fan or other blowing apparatus of ordinary construction which
is coupled to the second receiver ƒ by a pipe p through which the
atmospheric air at a high pressure is passed into the second receiver f,
and from thence carries with it the powdered material through con-
necting pipe e and perforated pipe d into the interior of the oil
receiver a which is partially filled with oil. This operation thoroughly
amalgamates the powdered material with the oil, and has the effect of
solidifying the oil into a plastic or elastic substance. After the oil in
this manner has been brought to the required consistency or con-
solidation it is taken from the receiver and passed through rollers.
A quantity of litharge ground to an unpalpable powder is sifted over
during this operation, which has the effect of not only giving it a greater
amount of stiffness, but also prevents adhesion to the rollers whilst in
operation.
When thus prepared the material (to which may be added some
suitable pigment) is suitable for the manufacture of floorcloths, but by
preference I mix with it in a pug mill or other suitable masticator a
quantity of leather dust, or when more convenient cork dust, sawdust,
or pulverized peat may be used, taking 50 lbs. of solidified oil and
adding thereto from 100 to 150 lbs. of dust.

page_text: When sufficiently mixed the material may be spread to any required
thickness on a continuous sheet of woven fabric and passed through
rollers of ordinary construction, with this exception that I prefer to
make the top roller of glass and constructed as shewn at Figs. 4 and 5;
7 is a glass cylinder the surface or periphery of which is ground and
polished, presenting a perfectly true and smooth surface, this cylinder
is mounted as shewn on the bosses on the shaft s, round each boss is
provided a ring of caoutchouc or other elastic packing t to prevent the
cylinder from cracking by the expansion of the bosses. A roller of this
construction has the effect of producing a much smoother surface on the
floorcloth.
For printing the various patterns on the cloth the same processes may
be employed as are used for floorcloths of ordinary construction.
When the solidified oil is required to be of a harder nature for such
purposes as for articles known as bosses used on cotton, worsted, and
flax spinning machinery, I add to it a quantity of pulverized sulphur in
the proportion of about seven of solidified oil to one of pulverized sulphur
and then pass them through a pug mill or other suitable masticator
until they are properly amalgamated. This operation being completed
the material may be moulded into any required form. After being
placed in the mould it is submitted to pressure which may be applied by
a screw press or other suitable known means. The pressed material is
then transferred into a drying mould and placed in an oven, where
it is subjected to a temperature varying from 260 to 365 degrees
Fahrenheit.
The operation of vulcanizing is performed in a similar manner to that
of caoutchouc, but I prefer to let it remain in the oven from 3 to 4
hours.
When required as a covering for telegraph wires the material is the
same in consistency as when used for oil or floorcloths, and is put on to
the wire in the same manner as is adopted in using gutta percha, viz.,
by forcing it through a die.
Having now described the nature of my said Invention. and the
manner in which the same is to be performed, I would remark in
conclusion that I do not limit myself to the exact details, limits, and
configuration of parts I have expressed and shewn, as the sanic may
be varied or modified without in any way departing from my said

page_text: Invention, but what I do claim and desire to be secured to me by
Letters Patent is,―
Firstly. The arrangement, construction, and application of machinery
or apparatus for consolidating or solidifying oils, substantially as and
for purposes herein set forth.
Secondly. The combining of leather dust, cork dust, sawdust, or
pulverized peat with consolidated or solidified oil for the purpose of
producing a new product, substantially as herein set forth.
Thirdly. The employment of such new product in the manner and for
the purposes herein stated.
Fourthly. The construction and application of a glass roller, sub-
stantially as shewn at Figs. 4 and 5, as and for purposes herein set
forth.
In witness whereof, I, the said Edward Joseph William Parnacott,
have hereunto set my hand and seal, this First day of February,
in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-
two.