Improvements in ly powers
Year: 1896

page_text: Date of Application, 20th Feb., 1896-Accepted, 4th Apr., 1896
Improvements in ly powers
I, FREDERIC WHITTLESEY HILLARD, of Tottenville, County of Richmond,
State of New York, United States of America, Mechanical Engineer, do hereby
declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-
My invention is an improvement in type-writer escapements, its aim being to
attain a uniform and certain feed at high speed. The escapements of typewriters
as now made operate as follows:
1. The rack engages the feeding dog while the machine is at rest, and the
carriage feeds forward after the stroke is finished and the key released. Such
escapements are slow because time must be allowed between two strokes for the
carriage to start and feed a whole space. Or, 2. The rack engages with the.
detaining dog while the machine is at rest and the carriage feeds forward during
the stroke. Such escapements are rapid but as the paper is in full motion at the
instant of printing, if the type rebounds and strikes the paper more than once
supernumerary impressions known as "ghosts" will be printed. Or, 3. The
carriage is let off and feeds on each downward and each upward movement of the
key, feeding each time a half space.
My invention consists essentially of an escapement in which the rocker-frame is
made of two distinct parts jointed together, whereby the engaging members are
first thrown out of and then again into engagement by the key during its down
stroke, so that the carriage is released near the end of the stroke, i.e., just before
or just after, or just at the instant of printing, and is spaced forward during the
return of the key by which it is let off, and during the carlier part of the next
succeeding stroke. The let-off herein disclosed can be so nicely regulated that
the carriage is not moving sufficiently at the instant of printing to cause "ghosts"
if the type bar rebounds, and yet sufficient time is allowed to secure accurate
spacing.
My invention also comprises broadly means for camming or otherwise retracting,
the feeding dog and for thereby retracting the carriage so as to control the feed'
after the let off has taken place.
In the accompanying drawings, which form a part of this Specification, the
general form of machine shown is the No. 2 Remington typewriter, though both
forms of feeding and escapement mechanism shown are different from that used on
the Remington machine.
Figs. 1, 2 & 3 are side views showing the positions of the operative parts of the
escapement in the portions of the stroke (1) as the type bar begins its excursion to
the printing center, (2) when it is about midway in its excursion, and (3) just after
the impression on the paper.
Fig. 4 is a back view of the escapement shown in Figs. 1 to 3, the positions of
the parts being that of Fig. 3.
Figs. 5, 6 & 7 show a modified escapement in substantially the same positions as
Figs. 1, 2 & 3.
Fig. 8 is a back view of this modification.
Fig. 9 is a detail of the feeding dog of Fig. 8.
In the drawings I have shown only such parts as are necessary to illustrate my
invention, riz., the main spring which feeds the carriage, and the escapement
which controls the feed thereof. The devices which I have shown and described

page_text: herein can readily be applied by mechanics familiar with the art to the various
forms of typewriters now in use.
In the form shown in Figs. 1 to 4, the rocker frame is composed of two distinct
parts jointed together. When the rocker frame is oscillated on depression of a
key the two parts swing together far enough to throw the feeding dog out of
mesh with the rack and the detaining dog into mesh therewith, and to move the
feeding dog back one space. One part of the rocker frame then contacts with a
stop and the movement of the dogs is reversed. The feeding dog returns into
mesh with the rack in the next succeeding tooth and is carried into line with the
detaining dog upon the release of the key. The movement of the lower portion of
the rocker frame is reversed and the two parts assume their normal relative
positions at their common joint when the key is released.
The parts shown in Figs. 1 to 4 are as follows: The keys operate the rocker
frame through a universal bar, not shown, by links, 4, 4, which connect the
universal bar to the horizontal bar 5 attached to the rocker frame. The rocker
frame is swung in toward the machine on depression of a key and is returned to
its original position on release of the key, under the influence of a spring 6
attached to the frame of the machine. All of these parts operate in the usual
manner and are of the usual form.
On the rocker frame, and engaging with the rack 7, are the feeding dog 8 and
the detaining dog 9. The feeding dog may be operated by a spring in the usual
manner to space it back into position to engage with the next succeeding tooth
when released from the rack. But I prefer the form shown, in which the feeding
dog on being released from the rack is spaced back by engagement with a cam,
as will be hereinafter more fully described.
The rocker frame is composed of two parts united by a friction joint 14. The
main part 3, of the rocker frame, which is pivoted directly to the frame of the
machine, carries the two dogs. The other part, which is pivoted to the main
part, has three branches, one 20 rigidly attached to the horizontal bar 5;
another, 10, extending horizontally to the right in Figs. 1, 2 & 3 under a fixed,
but. adjustable stop screw, 12, set in the machine frame; and the third, extending
upward, carries a cam 25, which contacts with the back of the feeding dog.
When the universal bar is depressed the entire rocker frame first oscillates about
the pivot 21 by which it is supported on the machine frame, carrying the
feeding dog out of and the detaining dog into mesh with the rack, and also
bringing the end of the branch 10 into contact with the stop screw 12. While
this contact is established the three branched arm turns about the point of
contact as a center; the two parts of the rocker frame buckle at their friction
joint 14, and the main part 3, which carries the dogs, is reversed on its pivot
and swings back. The feeding dog is thrown back into engagement with the
rack at the succeeding tooth and is pulled forward by the main spring 15
together with the carriage when the universal bar is lifted. By a slight change
in the adjustment of the screw 12 or of the length of the links 4, 4, or in the
depth to which the connection with the type bars will permit the key levers to
be depressed, the position of the parts shown in Fig. 3 may be made to correspond
with the instant of the stroke of the type on the platen, or the instant just
preceding or just following the stroke. And as the keys may not be uniformly
adjusted different keys may let off the platen at different times relatively to the
impact of the type. When the key is released the parts of the rocker frame
are returned by spring 6, from the position of Fig. 3 to that of Fig. 1, which
is the normal relative position of the parts at their joint. The spring 6 returns
the main part 3, and the spring 6 and the screw 13 together unbuckle the two
parts at their common joint 14; and the feeding dog is carried forward with the
rack into line with the detaining dog, by the pull of the main spring 15 when
the type key is released.
In the form shown in Figs. 5 to 9, the operation is essentially the same as in
that of Figs. 1 to 4. The mechanism differs however. On the rocker frame

page_text: of which appears in the drawing), which extend out under the universal bar
the main part 3, are the two horizontal arms 20" (only
These two arms are connected by a cross beam 22 supported on pivots 21 set
the frame of the machine. Two vertical arms 23 arise from the ends of this cr
5 bear and support between them, on pivots 14, a second cross beam 17, whi
carries the dogs 8 and 9. This latter cross beam may be sustained in a fricti
joint, but I have shown the friction which controls its movements applied by
pair of springs 24, the pressure of which is. regulated by the screw 29. T
adjustable stops 12, 13, have the functions of similar stops 12, 13, shown in th
10 foregoing form. The feeding dog is cammed back by a lever pivoted to the fram
and connected with the universal bar, as will be hereinafter fully described. Th
parts are returned to normal position by a spring 6 attached to the universal ba
and the frame of the machine.
I have described the devices for camming back the feeding dog very briefly, as
15 the customary spring for spacing it back will serve the purpose in each form, and
because these devices are not essential to the operation of the escapement, as above
indicated.
The cam 25 in Figs. 1 to 4 is carried by the upwardly extending branch of the
three branched part of the rocker frame, the point at which the cam surface
commences being marked by a line, the cam surface being to the left of the line,
and the surface to the right of the line being plain. The cam surface engages the
dog and when the universal bar is depressed spaces the dog backwards into
position to engage with the succeeding rack tooth, after which, if the universal har
is still farther depressed the plain surface to the right of the line engages the dog,
holding it in the position to which it had been spaced by the cam surface, until the
release of the universal bar.
In Figs. 5 to 9 the cam 25 is on the shank of the feeding dog 8, which is
pushed and held back against the force of the impulse spring 26 opposite the next
succeeding rack tooth by the pivoted lever 27 connected with the universal bar by
the rod 28.
Of course the customary spring for spacing the feeding dog backwards can be
used in combination with my cam, if preferred, instead of the spring which I have
bown for holding the dog forward in line with the detaining dog.
It is obvious that with the impulse spring (26, 26°) arranged to space the feuding
og forward in the same direction that it is pulled by the main spring (instead of
ackwards or in the direction opposite to that in which it is pulled by the main
ring, which is the direction in which impulse springs have heretofore spaced
e dogs), there is no imperative need for a main spring. The impulse spring for
e dog may be strong enough to space the dog and the carriage forward together
ter the release of the key. I do not recommend this forms, however, excepting
ere cheapness on manufacture is the controlling consideration, for any increase
the strength of the impulse spring reacts on the key, making it necessary to
ike a harder blow. In the construction just described there is, moreover, no
essity for a detaining dog, since there is nothing to draw the carriage forward
en the feeding dog, on which bears the impulse spring, is out of engagement
the rack; and, farthermore, owing to the double action of the dog while the
is being depressed, the stop screws, 12, 13 & 12", 13, may be so adjusted as to
the feeding dog normally out of engagement with the rack, thus leaving the
age free to be moved by hand without the necessity (inherent in other
pements which do not make use of a main spring) of depressing the space key.
tail of this latter construction is shown in Fig. 10; in which the teeth of the
7 are inverted so that the rack can be pushed by the dog, and the engaging
of the dog is on the same side of the dog as is the cam 25%, and the dog is
d by the impulse spring, together with the carriage.
will be noticed that in the two forms of escapements the cam is differently
d. In Figs. 1 to 4 it is carried on an independently pivoted arm on the
frame; and in Figs. 5 to 9 the shank of the feeding dog is formed inte

page_text: In Figs. 1 to 4 the feeding dog '8 and the spring 26 are cammed; and
similarly in Figs. 5 to 9 the feeding dog and its spring are cammed. But there is
another feature which must be taken into account. It is that the rack member
may be cammed as well as the dog and spring. For, since the feeding dog is
cammed back while the key is being depressed, the lower the key is depressed the
farther back the dog will be cammed. Therefore, in case the adjustment of the
parts is such that the rack is let off from the detaining dog onto the feeding dog
prior to the printing, and before the key is fully depressed, it is obvious that the
carriage can not remain at rest, but must be either pulled forward by the main
spring, or canmed back by the feeding dog. The rack will be pulled forward
until it is brought into collision with the feeding dog, and then it will be cammed
back again in the opposite direction with the dog until the key is fully depressed,
and on the release of the key the rack and dog will be spaced forward together by
the propelling power. With the use of the quick or staccato blow, however, this
camming of the rack member will not occur; for the carriage will then have very
little time in which to start forward, and the key not being wholly depressed the
dog will not be cammed back far enough to cam the rack. Hence the forward
feed of the carriage will not be checked."
This means for camming the feeding dog and thereby the carriage member of
the escapement assures that, if a key is depressed and then inadvertently held
down, thus holding the type against the paper, there can be no detrimental feed
of the carriage to blur the print; while, on the other hand, with the staccato.
blow, the carriage can be started forward prior to the printing, thus securing
additional time for the spacing.
Where in the claims I specify means for disengaging the feeding dog from the
rack and spacing it backwards while disengaged, means for spacing the rack
backwards by the impact of the dog, and means for spacing the rack and dog
forward, (and where I make use of other terms of similar import), I wish it to be
understood that the parts may be so adjusted that if a quick or staccato blow is
struck on the key and the key only partially depressed, the means to retract the
carriage by the impact of the feeding dog will not be brought into action.
The feature of releasing the carriage so that the propelling power begins to
feed it forward prior to the printing, and continues so to feed it during and after
the printing, if a staccato blow is struck, in combination with means for camming
the feeding dag backwards and thereby reversing the feed of the carriage and
feeding it backwards if a legatto blow is struck, 1 believe to be broadly new.
The cam for spacing the feeding element in the escapement is of course
applicable independently of my buckle joint; and the buckle joint is applicable
independently of the cam.
It will therefore be seen that my invention includes broadly two fundamental
inventions, viz., the buckle joint in the rocker fraine and the cam for the feeding
element, each distinct from and independent of the other, but both cooperating
together to accomplish the desired object. Through the instrumentality of the
buckle joint I am enabled to so adjust the let off that it shall be practically
simultaneous with the impact of the type on the platen. Therefore the carriage
will not have moved sufficiently at the instant of printing to throw the letter out
of its proper place in the print, and still the carriage will be fed forward during
the whole interval between two impressions. But the difficulty here met is that
the adjustment of the engaging members in the escapement must be very delicate;
otherwise the let off will either occur later than the impact of the type, thus
making the feed slow, or else it will occur too soon, and then if the key is held
down a "ghost" or blur will appear in the print, as it does with "reversed
escapements." And moreover no matter how delicate the adjustment in the
engaging members may be, they will soon wear with use. But the cam, by
controlling the carriage after the let off has taken place, obviates both of the
difficulties above mentioned, and makes it possible to safely adjust the let off to
time simultaneously with the impact of the type on the paper.

page_text: do not, in the application of my invention
e escapement in a direction opposite to that in which the carriage 18 rea
ting, wish to limit myself narrowly to the use of a cam for that purpose, since
er elements can readily be substituted to perform the same function. Thus, for
ance, in the construction illustrated in Figs. 5 to 9, the lever 27 is the means.
loyed whereby the force of the blow on the type key is transmitted to the
ling dog 8" to retract it.
t is obvious from the foregoing description that the essential features of both
ms of escapements herein shown and described are the following:
1. A spacing mechanism comprising at least two engaging members, which are.
rein shown as a dog member and a rack member, one of which, shown as the rack,.
be spaced step by step with respect to and under control of the other; and the
her of which, shown as the dog, is movable transversely with respect to the
rmer, so that they may be engaged and disengaged with each other.
The phrase "engaging and disengaging members" is used in a very general sense
d is intended to include the case where one of the two members has two.
ements, shown as the feeding dog and the detaining dog, one of which can be
oved in the line of feeding through the distance of one letter space, and the
ther member alternately engages with these two elements. The term "engaging
embers," as used in the claims, designates the normal engagement of the members
To illustrate, the members are in
when the machine is at rest, and the term "disengaging members" designates the
elation of the members opposite thereto.
engagement in Figs. 1 & 5, and they are disengaged in Figs. 3 & 7.
33
A distinction should be carefully noted between the phrases "engaging members"
and "engaging faces"; for, as above noted, one of the members is ordinarily
provided with two or more faces which engage and disengage with the other
member, one or more when the members are engaged or in their normal positions
of rest, and the other or others when the members are disengaged or in the reverse
positions designated above. The terms "rack member" and "dog member
also used in a general sense, and I intend to include thereby the various forms of
racks known in the art, as for instance, single and double racks, and straight and
circular ones, or ratchet wheels, as well as the great variety of dogs that are in use.
2. There should be a joint in one of the members, which is herein shown as the
friction joint in the rocker frame.
are
This joint permits of the buckling of two parts in the rocker frame during the
movement of the key in one direction. On depression of the key the rocker frame
is first vibrated as a whole toward the front of the machine, then as the depression
of the key is continued, the upper or dogcarrying part of the frame is reversed and
vibrated toward the rear, and finally on release of the key the two parts of the
0 rocker frame are returned to their normal positions. Thus there are three
transverse movements of the two parts in the rocker frame while the key is being
depressed and raised, or while the key is moving in only two directions.
It should be farther noted that the parts which form the buckle joint in the
escapement are in both cases rocked simultaneously to effect the buckling, but that
15 oue part is rocked in a direction which by mechanical usage is designated as a right
handed direction, while the other is rocked in the opposite or left handed direction;
or, in other words, one part is rocked in the direction in which the hands of a
clock move around the face of the dial, and the other is rocked in a direction
opposite to that in which the hands move around the dial.
50
3. There should be means for effecting the disengagement of the members, tha
is of the rack and the dog which are normally in engagement, including means fo
controlling the joint which unites the two parts of the rocker frame while th
disengagement is being effected.
4. There should be means for operating the joint in the rocker frame to effe
55 the reengagement of the members, shown as stop screws 12, 12, which cause th
buckling at the friction joints, and hence effect the return of the feeding dogs in
agement with the racks.

page_text: 5. There should be means for effecting the spacing by aid of these movements,
shown as the main spring and the spacing springs 26, 26 which act in conjunction
with the main spring to feed the dogs and racks forward.
6. And since these movements leave the rocker frame buckled at its friction
joint, there should be some means for reestablishing the normal positions of the
parts at this joint, shown as the springs 6, 6° and the screws 13, 13".
I have shown the feeding dog and the detaining dog mounted on the rocker
frame, and the rack mounted on the carriage; but there are other for.ns of
escapements in which the positions of these parts are reversed, the dogs being
mounted on the carriage and the rack on the rocker frame; there are also
escapements in which there are two racks, a feeding rack and a detaining rack,
and only one dog; and there are still other escapements in which there are two
dogs and two racks. My invention is equally applicable to all of these forms of
escapements, and to all other forms of escapements now known to the art and
which comprise two engaging members which engage with one another and can
be disengaged and reengaged to effect the spacing of the carriage. I wish to
include all such escapements in the scope of this Specification and the claims,
and for this purpose make use of the terms "feeding element" and "detaining
element" in place of "feeding dog" and "detaining dog," and "engaging
members" in place of "rack member" and "dog member"; I also designate the
"feeding element as the "reciprocating part," using the two terms interchangably.
By the term "carriage propelling power" I mean to designate the force, herein
shown as the carriage main spring, which tends to draw the carriage from its
starting point at the right hand end of the line of print, to the other end of
the line at the left. This force is controlled and the carriage held in check by the
escapement, and the carriage is spaced forward or to the left step by step under the
influence of the propelling power when the engaging members of the escapement
are disengaged and reengaged. I have shown the impulse spring for the feeding
dog arranged to space that dog to the left or in the same direction that the carriage
is fed by the propelling power. But, excepting in the case above described where
the main spring is dispensed with, this impulse spring is only strong enough to
space the dog and not the carriage, and I wish to have it understood that I do not
include the impulse spring for the dog in the phrase "carriage propelling power."
The carriage propelling power is a distinct element, and cooperates with two other
elements to effect the spacing of the paper, viz., the carriage, and the escapement.
In cheap machines the carriage propelling power is omitted and its function
supplied by the force of the stroke on the key acting through the escapement on
the carriage, as I have above described.
I do not intend to limit myself to details shown, and particularly I do not limit
myself to combining my friction joint with any particular let off mechanism; nor
do I limit myself to holding the friction joint inoperative so as to effect the
disengagement of the members, as this is not necessary; nor do I limit myself to
the use of the cam, or other means for retracting the feeding element and thereby
the carriage by the stroke on the key, with only such escapements as are provided
with my buckle joint, since the said retractile means are applicable with escape-
ments which are not provided with my buckle joint; nor do I limit myself to the
use of the buckle joint with only such escapements as are provided with the cam
for retracting the feeding dog, since it is obvious, as above stated, that the
ordinary spring for spacing the feeding dog backwards is applicable with the
buckle joint.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is
1. In a typewriter escapement, the combination of two engaging members which
can be disengaged and reengaged, one of which can be spaced step by step with
respect to aud under control of the other, two parts which together form a buckle,

page_text: means for buckling the two parts simultaneously, one in a right handed direction
and the other in a left handed direction, means for reversing this operation,
means for disengaging and reengaging the said engaging members by these
movements, and means for thereby effecting the spacing, substantially as
described.
2. In a typewriter escapement, the combination of two engaging members which
can be disengaged and reengaged, one of which can be spaced step by step with
respect to and under control of the other, two parts which together form a buckle
in one of the engaging members, means for buckling the two parts simultaneously,
one in a right handed direction and the other in a left handed direction, means for
reversing this operation, means for disengaging and reengaging the said engaging
members by these movements, and nieans for thereby effecting the spacing,
substantially as described.
3. In a typewriter escapement, the combination of spacing mechanism comprising
two engaging members which can be disengaged and reengaged and one of which
can be spaced step by step with respect to and under control of the other, a
in one of the members, means for effecting the disengagement of the members
joint
including means for controlling the joint while the disengagement is being effected,
means for operating the joint to effect the reengagement of the members, means for
effecting the spacing by aid of these movements, and means for reestablishing the
normal position of the parts, substantially as described.
4. In a typewriter escapement, the combination of spacing mechanism comprising
two engaging members which can be disengaged and reengaged, one of which is
jointed and can be moved out of and into engagement with the other, and the
other of which can be spaced with respect to the first, means for effecting the
disengagement of the members including means for controlling the joint while
the disengagement is being effected, means for operating the joint to effect the
reengagement of the members, means for effecting the spacing by aid of these
movements, and means for reestablishing the normal position of the parts at the
joint of the jointed member, substantially as described.
5. In a typewriter escapement, the combination of spacing mechanism comprising
two engaging members which can be disengaged and reengaged, one of which is
jointed and can be moved out of and into engagement with the other, and the
other of which can be spaced with respect to the first, means for effecting the
disengagement of the members including means for holding the joint inoperative
while the disengagement is being effected, means for operating the joint to effect
the reengagement of the members, means for effecting the spacing by aid of these
movements, and means for reestablishing the normal position of the parts at the
joint of the jointed member, substantially as described.
6. In a typewriter escapement, the combination of a rack member and a dog
member, one of which is provided with a reciprocating part which engages with
the other member, means for effecting the disengagement of the reciprocating part
from the other member, a cam to operate the reciprocating part while disengaged,
a main spring for effecting the spacing by aid of these movements, and means to
return the reciprocating part to normal position, substantially as described.
7. In a typewriter escapement, the combination of a rack member and a dog
member, one of which is provided with a reciprocating part which engages with
the other member, and one of which can be spaced with respect to the other
member, a joint in one of the members, means for effecting the disengagement of
the reciprocating part from the other member including means for controlling the
joint while the disengagement is being effected, a cam to operate the reciprocating
part while disengaged, means for operating the joint to effect the reengagement of
said part, means for effecting the spacing by aid of these movements, and means for
reestablishing the normal position of all the parts, substantially as described.
8. In a typewriter escapement, the combination of a rack member and a dog
member the former of which can be spaced with respect to the latter and the latter
of which is jointed and can be moved out of and into engagement with the former,

page_text: one of the members being provided with a reciprocating part which engages with
the other member, means for effecting the disengagement of the reciprocating part
from the other member including means for controlling the joint while the
disengagement is being effected, a cam and lever to operate the reciprocating part
while disengaged, means for operating the joint to effect the reengagement of the
reciprocating part, means for effecting the spacing by aid of these movements, and
means for reestablishing the normal position of all the parts, substantially as
described.
9. In a typewriter escapement, the combination of a rack member and a dog
member, the former of which can be spaced with respect to the latter, and the
latter of which is jointed and provided with a reciprocating part movable out of
and into engagement with the rack member, means for controlling the joint while
the disengagement is being effected, a cain and lever to operate the reciprocating
part while disengaged, means for operating the joint to effect the reengagement of
the rack and the reciprocating part, means for effecting the spacing by aid of these
movements, and means for reestablishing the normal position of all the parts,
substantially as described.
10. In a typewriter escapement, the combination of a rack member that can be
spaced forward step by step with respect to a dog, a dog member that can be
reciprocated with respect to the rack, means for disengaging them, a cain for
moving the dog when disengaged from the rack into position to engage with a
succeeding tooth thereof, means for reengaging them, means for releasing the dog
from the cam, and a main spring to space the dog forward with the rack member
when released from the cam, substantially as described.
11. In a typewriter escapement, the combination of two engaging members which
can be disengaged and reengaged, one of which can be spaced forward step by
step with respect to and under control of the other, and the other of which is
movable transversely with respect to the former, one of which members is provided
with a reciprocating element, means for disengaging the reciprocating element from
the other member, means for spacing the reciprocating element while disengaged,
means for reengaging the reciprocating element, means for retracting the spaced
member by the impact of the reciprocating element, and means for spacing both
members forward, substantially as described.
12. In a typewriter escapement, the combination of a rack member which can be
spaced forward step by step with respect to and under control of a dog member,
means for disengaging the dog from the rack, means for spacing the dog backwards
while disengaged from the rack, means for reengaging the dog with the rack, a
cam for spacing the rack member backwards by the impact of the dog, and means
for spacing the dog and rack member forward, substantially as described.
13. In a typewriter escapement, the combination of a rack which can be spaced
forward step by step with respect to and under control of a dog, means for
disengaging the dog from the rack, means for spacing the dog backwards while
disengaged from the rack and for spacing the rack backwards by the impact of
the dog, substantially as described.
14. In a typewriter, the combination of a carriage, carriage main spring, and an
escapement comprising a rack member and a dog member, one of which members
is provided with a reciprocating part which engages with the other member, means
for advancing the carriage step by step by the force of the main spring, and a cam
for spacing the reciprocating part in the opposite direction, substantially as
described.
15. In a typewriter, the combination of a carriage, carriage main spring, and an
escapement comprising a rack member and a dog member, one of which members
is provided with a reciprocating part which engages with the other member, means
for advancing the carriage step by step by the force of the main spring, and a cam
having a working face oblique to the direction of the carriage feed for spacing the
reciprocating part in a direction opposite to that in which the carriage is spaced
by the main spring, substantially as described.

page_text: 16. In a typewriter, the combination of a carriage, carriage main spring, and an
escapement comprising a rack member and a dog member, one of which members
is provided with a feeding dog which engages with the rack, means for advancing
the carriage step by step by the force of the main spring, and a cam for spacing
the feeding dog in the opposite direction, substantially as described.
17. In a typewriter, the combination of a carriage, carriage main spring, and an
escapement comprising a rack member mounted on the carriage and a dog member
which engages therewith, means for advancing the carriage by the force of the
main spring, and a cam having a working face oblique to the direction of the
carriage feed for spacing the feeding dog in the opposite direction, substantially
as described.
18. In a typewriter, the combination of a carriage, carriage propelling power, a
key, and an escapement comprising two engaging members one of which can be
spaced forward step by step and one of which contains a feeding element and a
detaining element, means for spacing the carriage forward by the propelling power,
an impulse spring to space the feeding element forward, and means for spacing the
feeding element backwards by the blow on the key, substantially as described.
19. In a typewriter, the combination of a carriage, carriage main spring, a key,
and an escapement comprising two engaging members one of which can be spaced
forward step by step and one of which contains a feeding element and a detaining
elenient, means for spacing the carriage forward by the main spring, an impulse
spring for spacing the feeding element forward, and a cam for spacing the feeding
element backwards, substantially as described.
Dated this 20th day of February 1896.
DAY, DAVIES & HUNT,
321 High Holborn, London, W.C., Chartered Patent Agents.