Improvements in Direct-acting Pumping Engines.
Year: 1899

page_text: Date of Application, 19th Dec., 1899-Accepted, 17th Feb., 1900
Improvements in Direct-acting Pumping Engines.
I, HARMANUS LANSING PERRINE, of P.O. Box No. 5, Milwaukee, County of
Milwaukee, State of Wisconsin, United States of America, Mechanical Engineer,
do hereby declare that the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is
to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement:―
The improvement herein relates to cross-compound steam-ends for air and
water-pumps of the duplex type and the particular improvement resides in certain
parts and combinations of parts whereby a novel and advantageous operation is
effected. In such operation the control of the steam-ends is rendered easy and
steady in the action of both engines wherein the high and the low pressure
pistons are caused to control to line and line the slide-valves of their respective
cylinders, while both of said slide-valves are carried across the ports by a single
chest or driving piston which may be arranged on the high or on the low pressure
cylinder.
So far as I know and can find I am the first to design a cross compound steam-
end having one rock-shaft and chest or driving piston so that both main pistons
move their respective slide valves line to line by direct connections with the
valves and the throw across the ports is completed by the action of a third piston
acting through a lever and rock-shaft. This is the primary feature of my
invention and involves two steam cylinders side-by side, cross compound with
mechanism whereby each piston has direct control over its own slide-valve to line
and line, and both valves carried across the ports to wide open by a single
driving or chest-piston.
In the accompanying drawings I have shown an engine embodying my invention
in the form at present preferred by me and of which the following is a description,
but it will be understood that various modifications and changes may be made
without departing from the spirit of my invention and without exceeding the scope
of the claims.
Referring to these drawings Figure 1 shows the engine in side elevation the
high pressure cylinder partly in section and the slide-valve for controlling the
inlet and exhaust ports of said cylinder;
Figure 2 is a vertical cross section through the intermediate frames showing
the cross compound valve-gear connections with both piston-rods, looking toward
the water-end of the pump;
Figure 3 shows the low pressure cylinder partly in section together with the
steam-chest, the slide-valve and the chest-piston which, by its connections it
will be understood, are the means whereby the slide-valves of both engines are
carried across the ports;
Figure 4 shows in vertical transverse section the high and low pressure cylinders
the chest-piston and slide-valve and their cross connecting pipe for the steam-
chests of the two cylinders; and
Figure 5 shows in face view the valve-seat and its ports of the low pressure
cylinder;
Th
.
Jalan antically through the steam-chest

page_text: showing the ports of the auxiliary slidevalve, the chest-piston and its ports and
the connections of the said valve and chest-piston with the main piston:
Figure 7 is a vertical cross section through the. intermediate-frame showing
the arrangement of the valve-gear with the main piston-rod;
Figure 8 shows the valve-rod and the main and the auxiliary valves as
separated: and
Figure 9 shows the valve C² in its relation to the cylinder ports at line and
line.
The cross compound steam-end is applicable to pumps for water works, con-
densers, vacuum-pumps and air-pumps or compressors.
In Fig. 1 the piston of the high phessure cylinder A is shown at the end
of its inward stroke and the piston rod which connects the water cylinder.
The steam-chest B communicates by ports in the usual manner with the
cylinder A and the slide-valve connects by its link and stem to the short end
of the lever 1 which engages the cross head 6 on the piston-rod as seen in Fig. 2.
This sliding connection of the lever with the piston provides a movable con-
nection to accommodate the are described by the vibrating movement of said
lever. This lever I) is fulcrumed to the pin on the crank-arm e¹ which is fixed
to and stands downward from a rock shaft the rocking of which is effected
conjointly by its connection with the levers D D¹ and as seen in Fig. 2.
It will be understood that the high pressure and low pressure cylinders have
identical valve-gear, intermediate frame supports E and it is upon bearings d¹ d
fixed on these frames, that the rock-shaft is mounted across the frames.
The upper end of the lever D extends above its fulcrum pine at Fig. 2 and
connects and actuates the slide valve (Fig. 1 so that this lever is movable on
its fulcrum below its connection with the slide-valve-rod i and below its connection
with the rock-shaft d.
At the low pressure cylinder side A¹ the rock-shaft has keyed to it a short
lever which stands upward and is connected at its upper end by a link f¹ and a
rod to the auxiliary or chest-piston G of the low pressure cylinder. To this
lever and between its connection with the rock-shaft and the chest-piston is
fulcrumed on a pin e the lever D' which is connected at its lower end to the
cross-head 62 of the low pressure piston-rod, in a manner identical with the lever D
of the high pressure cylinder, as in Figs. 2 and 3.
At its upper end this lever D is connected by a link g and stem g¹ to and
actuates the auxiliary valve H of the main slide-valve (2 of the low pressure
cylinder to line and line, and this connection as shown in Figs. 2 and 3 is
important in its relation to the downward standing crank-arm as I shall
presently state.
Ports at one side of the main ports Fig. 5 in the seat of the slide-
valve H admits steam to the cylinder G₁ of the chest-piston and steam admitted
to its chest from the high pressure cylinder actuates said piston and through it the
lever F.
The piston of the high pressure cylinder having finished its stroke to the
right, has brought its connected valve to line and line as shown in Fig. 1.
The auxiliary slide-valve H in the low pressure steam-chest, having a slight
lead is admitting steam to the chest-piston G by the small port / Fig. 3 and G
and the piston G is thereby caused to move the lever F to the right while the
crank by its pivotal connection is moved to the left carrying with it the
lever and through its connecting link moves the slide-valve C to the left to
wide open port, reversing the stroke and exhausting into the low pressure steam-
chest and cylinder, through the cross or pass-over pipe I Fig. 4. By this arrange-
ment the two pistons pass each other in the center of the stroke and in opposite
directions. The lever and the crank stand in reverse direction so as to give
the opposite directions to the pistons in passing the center.
It will be understood that by the arrangement of the valve-gear the chest-piston
actuates the slide-valve of the high pressure cylinder and at the same time controls

page_text: the slide-valve of the low pressure cylinder; while each cylinder piston controls
its own slide-valve to line and line and that the slide-valves of each cylinder is
moved to wide open ports by the action of the one auxiliary steam-chest piston
that is controlled by the main lever of one of the steam cylinders.
Referring to the functions of the lever I connecting the piston-rod of the
high pressure cylinder and the lever F connecting the auxiliary chest-piston of
the low pressure cylinder, it will be noticed that the connections of said levers are
such as to cause them to move together in the same direction with each move-
ment of the piston-rod to which the lever 1 is connected while the connections
of the lever D¹ with the lever F and the slide-valve of the low pressure cylinder,
are such as to cause the said lever D to move in a reverse direction to the lever 1)
to produce the operations stated.
In Fig. 4 I indicates the steam supply port or pass over pipe for the low
pressure cylinder and B³ the exhaust; while in Fig. 1 B indicates the exhaust
for the high pressure cylinder.
It is obvious that the chest driving piston need not be confined in its location
to the low pressure steam-chest as it may be arranged upon and actuated by
steam from the high pressure chest but I prefer the arrangement shown.
When starting the engine as a cross-compound live steam may be admitted to
the low pressure cylinder first through a by-pass connection at m from the main
steam supply pipe, as in Fig. 4.
The foregoing description is to the valve-gear as applied to one side of a
pair of compound-cylinders in which the valve of the high pressure cylinder is
moved to wide open by the action of the valve-gear of the low pressure cylinder,
and as above referred to may be run as a single cylinder engine with low steam
pressure by use of the by pass, in which case the high pressure piston becomes
inoperative as the steam pressure is equal on both sides of the piston.
It will be readily seen that by disconnecting the high pressure cylinder at the
flange X Fig. 4 and making a steam connection, and substituting the lever bearing
shown at Fig. 7 in place of the rock-shaft d, I have a single cylinder steam-end
which is illustrated in Figs. 6, 7, 8 and 9 and of which the following is a
description.
The slide-valve C2 is connected by the rod g¹ and link g to the upper end of
the lever I which is carried by a movable fulcrum-pin e which is itself carried
by the lever F which is mounted in the bearing on the intermediate-frame and
receives its movement from the chest-piston through the link f' which connects
the upper end of the lever F.
The lever D is connected by a cross-head 63 to the main piston-rod. The short
end of this lever D¹ extends above its fulerum pin e and connects with the slide-
valve-rod gl while the lever F also connects with said pin e below the valve-rod con-
nection with the lever D¹.
The small auxiliary or controlling valve H seated in the valve-chest at one
side of the main slide-valve controls the ports h h leading to the reversing or chest-
piston.
The lever D being in the position shown at the end of a stroke of the piston,
has moved the slide valve (2 to the left and in line with the cylinder steam-
ports as in Figs. 6 and 9 by means of the link and valve rod gg. This valve
movement is effected by means of the lugs h2 2 on the valve rod 7' seen in
Figs. 8 and 9 engaging the main slide-valve.
A lug on said rod g' stands in a direction opposite to the lugs 2 and engages
lugs on the small auxiliary valve H which, as shown, has also been moved to the
left and opened the small port admitting steam behind the piston G which is
thereby forced to the left. This movement of the piston carries with it the
levers F and D¹ the latter thereby pulling the link -g to the left and carries
the main slide-valve across the cylinder ports admittin steam to the right of the
main piston for the return stroke.
A slight lead is given to the auxiliary valve H so that the steam for driving

page_text: the chest-piston is admitted and exhausted before the main piston reaches the end
of the stroke.
In Figure 5 is seen the small auxiliary exhaust port a to exhaust the steam from
the piston-chest and the ports h h which admit steam behind the chest-piston.
The valve-gear having direct and indirect connection with the slide-valve and
the steam actuated piston leaves the latter free of direct connection with and
operation by the slide-valve, but it actuates it through the lever F and thereby
causing indirect action of the said piston on the levers to operate the main slide-
valve. L Fig. 1 is the main steam supply.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is:-
1. In a cross-compound direct acting steam pumping engine, and in combination
with high and low pressure steam cylinders side by side, their pistons and slide-
valves, a driving chest-piston on the low pressure cylinder in direct communication
with an auxiliary slide-valve controlled by the low pressure piston, the pistons,
and the slide-valves of both cylinders and the driving chest piston connected by
means of a rock-shaft having an arm at each end, a lever connecting each arm,
the piston-rod of each cylinder and the slide-valve of each cylinder, one of said
arms connecting said driving chest-piston, whereby to cause the latter to be
actuated by the exhaust steam from the high pressure cylinder, to carry the
slide-valves of each cylinder across the ports to wide open, and each cylinder piston
to have direct control over its own slide-valve.
2. In cross-compound pumping engines, and in combination with high and low
pressure cylinders, their pistons and slide-valves, of valve actuating gear consist-
ing of the lever D connected to the piston and slide-valve of the high pressure
cylinder, the rock-shaft d having the downward standing crank-arm c¹. on the pin e
of which said lever is fulcrumed, the upward standing lever F on the said rock-
shaft, the auxiliary piston connecting the upper end of said lever F. and the
lever D¹ connected by its long end to the cross-head of the piston-rod of the low
pressure cylinder, and fulerumed on said lever between its rock-shaft and its
connection with the auxiliary piston, whereby the slide-valves are controlled to
line and line, and moved to wide open ports, in the way described.
3. In a cross-compound steam pumping engine, and in combination with high
and low pressure evlinders, their pistons and slide-valves, of the lever D connect-
ing the piston and slide-valve of the high pressure cylinder, the lever D¹ con-
necting the piston and slide-valve of the low pressure cylinder, the auxiliary
piston of the latter. the transverse rock-shaft. having the crank-arm r¹ at one
end connecting the lever D and the lever F on the other rock-shaft end connecting
the auxiliary piston and the lever F arranged to operate substantially as described.
4. The combination in a cross-compound direct steam pumping engine, the high
and low pressure cylinders side by side, their pistons and slide-valves, the
transverse rock-shaft & having the crank-arm c¹ on one end and the lever F on the
other and standing in reverse vertical direction. the lever D pivotally connecting
the said crank-arm and the piston cross-head of the high pressure cylinder, the
lever D¹ pivotally connecting the piston cross-head and the slide-valve of the low
pressure cylinder and mediately connecting the said lever F of the driving or
chest piston for operation in the way described.
5. The combination of the high and low pressure cvlinders, side by side, their
pistons and slide-valves, with the rock-shaft having the crank-arm the lever D
connecting the said crank-arm, the slide-valve and piston-rod of the high pressure
evlinder, the lever F on the rock-shaft connecting the auxiliary piston, and the
lever D¹ connecting said lever F and the piston-rod of the low pressure cylinder,
the said valve-gear connections being disposed and actuated to cause one engine
to operate its own valve and the valves of the other engine.
6. In combination in a cross-compound direct steam pumping engine, the high

page_text: and low pressure cylinders side by side, the levers D, D¹ connecting the pistons
of said cylinders, the transverse rock-shaft, having on one end the hanging crank-
arm connecting the lever D and on the other end the lever F connecting
mediately of its length with the lever D¹ whereby each piston is caused to control
its own slide-valve, and the driving or chest-piston connecting the lever F and
the slide-valve of each cylinder is caused to be moved to wide open ports.
7. In a direct acting duplex steam pumping engine and in combination with
high and low pressure cylinders, their pistons and slide-valves, and valve-gear
arranged and connecting said slide-valves whereby one engine is caused to actuate
its own slide-valve and the slide-valve of the other engine, of the auxiliary piston
having direct connection with the slide-valve of the low pressure cylinder through
lever F, and connected to cause the slide-valves of both cylinders to be carried
across their ports.
8. In direct acting pumping engines, the combination of the main and the
auxiliary slide-valve and the steam actuated piston, with the lever F mounted
on the frame, and the rods f f¹ connecting the upper end of said lever with the
steam actuated piston, the lever D' connecting the main piston-rod, fulcrumed
upon said lever F and connecting said slide-valve between the said fulcrum and
the connection of the lever F with the steam actuated piston for the purpose
stated.
9. In steam actuated valve gear and in combination with the main piston of a
direct acting pumping engine, the steam actuated piston, the main and the
auxiliary slide-valves, the levers D¹ and F, each separately connecting the main
slide-valve and auxiliary valve, the steam actuated piston, the lever D₁ fulcrumed
on the lever F, the lever D¹ having direct connection by said fulcrum with the
steam actuated piston and the main piston-rod.
Dated this 19th day of December 1899.
SYDNEY E. PAGE,
28, New Bridge Street, London, E.C.,
Agent for the Applicant.