NEW OR IMPROVED MACHINERY FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF PIPES: FOR SMOKING
Year: 1857

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Edward Hawkes, of Birmingham, in the County of
Warwick, Tobacconist, for the Invention of "NEW OR IMPROVED MACHINERY
FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF PIPES: FOR SMOKING."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Edward Hawkes' at
⚫ the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the'
1st May 1857.
I, EDWARD HAWKES, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Tobacconist,.
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "NEW OR IMPROVED
MACHINERY, FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF PIPES FOR SMOKING," to be as follows:-
My said Invention consists of the machinery herein-after described for the.
manufacture of pipes for smoking. In order to produce the blanks or rolls
from which pipes. are to be made, I cause a stream of properly prepared clay.
; to be delivered on a table travelling under a roller, the said table and roller.
rolling or spreading the clay into a sheet of the requisite thickness.
The said sheet of. clay is next operated upon by another table and roller, by
which it is divided into blanks or rolls. The said blanks or rolls consist of a
long cylindrical stem, having a conical piece or head, from which the bowl of ..
the pipe is to be made. The last-named table and roller have impressions..

page_text: sunk therein, which when presented to each other enclose spaces resembling
in form the blanks to be produced.. The blanks. are. wired in the usual way so
as to produce the requisite hole therein. The pipe is finished in a pair of dies
or moulds, acted upon in the following manner :-The said dies are situated in
a press nearly resembling the ordinary press; the descent of the screw of the
said press forces a plunger carried at its lower end into that portion of the
clay of which the bowl is to be. formed, and thereby forms the said bowl;
a second screw or spindle, parallel to the first screw, and geared thereto, by
its descent closes and presses together the two dies in which the blank is held,
and by which the exterior of the pipe is formed. On the rising of the said
screws the dies may be removed and opened and the finished pipe removed.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Edward Hawkes in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
30th October 1857.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I,. EDWARD
HAWKES, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Tobacconist, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the First day of May, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and fifty-seven, in the twentieth year of Her reign,
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said Edward Hawkes, Her special licence that I, the said Edward Hawkes,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others às I, the said Edward
Hawkes, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the
term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "NEW OR IMPROVED MACHINERY
FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF PIPES FOR SMOKING," upon the condition (amongst
others) that I, the said Edward Hawkes, my executors or administrators, by
an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals,
should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention,
and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same
to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next
and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent. ⚫

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Edward Hawkes, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be. per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained, in and by the following
statement thereof, that is to
o say: -
_ My said Invention consists of the new or improved machinery for the
manufacture of pipes for smoking, herein-after particularly described, and
illustrated by the accompanying Drawings.
Figure 1 represents in plan, Figure 2 in- vertical longitudinal. section, and
Figure 3 in end elevation (partly in section), a machine for rolling.or spreading
the clay into a sheet of the requisite thickness for the subsequent manufacture
of blanks therefrom. .a is a hopper, from which a stream of properly tempered
clay passes to the two rollers b, c, under which said rollers the table d travels,
the said table, moving in the slides e, e, on the bed of the machine.. The
rollers b, c, are geared together, as shown in Figure 1, and may be worked by
a winch 'f or otherwise. The rollers b, c, are not truly cylindrical, but have
the form represented in Figures.1 and' 3. The table d is not flat, but has the
form shown by the sectional part in Figure 8. The said table. d.is carried
along by toothed wheels g. 9, situated on the axis of one of the rollers engaging
in the racks h, h, on the said table d. By the use of the machine, Figures 1, 2,
and 3, a sheet of clay is obtained having in section the figure of the space
included between the table d and roller c, Figure 3.
The sheet of clay thus, obtained is next operated upon by the machine
represented in plan in Figure 4, and in longitudinal vertical section in Figure 5,
of the accompanying Drawings. The said machine consists of a roller land
table-o, having indentions or depressions, as represented.... The indentations or
depressions in the said roller and table o are of such a figure that when
presented to each other there is a space between them similar in form to that
between the roller c and table d, Figure 3.
.
.The, roller 1, Figure. 4, is driven by a winch on its axis or otherwise, and
toothed wheels m, m, on the axis of the roller lengage in racks n, n, on the
edge of the table and carry the said table along on the. bed
P of the
machine on the turning of,,the said, roller.l. By the action of the machine,
Figures 4 and 5, the sheet of clay. produced by the machine, Figures, 1, 2,
and 8, is divided transversely, and formed into a series of blanks or "rolls,"
similar or nearly similar in form to those from which pipes are made in the
ordinary method of manufacture. The said blanks or "rolls" consist of a
long cylindrical stem, having a.conical piece or head, from which the bowl of
the pipe is to be made. Instead of a table and single roller, as represented

page_text: pair of rollers, 'shown in end
By the use of the said rollers,
"in Figures 4 and 5, I sometimes employ a
elevation in Figure 6, and plan in Figure 7.
Figures 6 and 7, a stream of clay is divided into blanks or "rolls." The
shape and action of the rollers, Figures 6 and 7, will be sufficiently understood
by reference to the Drawings. The blanks or "rolls" obtained as described
are next wired in the ordinary manner, so as to produce the requisite hole
therein.
9
The pipe is finished in a pair of dies or moulds constructed and acted upon
in the manner represented in Figures 8, 9, 10, and 11 of the Drawings;
Figure 8 being a front elevation, Figure 9 a side elevation; Figure 10, a'
section of the moulds; and Figure 11, a plan of the moulds and the parts
more immediately connected therewith. q, r, are the moulds into which one
of the blanks or "rolls" herein-before described is placed; the mould r being
separated or removed from the mould g for the purpose of introducing the
blank or "roll," the mould r being replaced in the position shown in
Figures 9 and 11, the handles is turned in a direction proper to drive home
'the screw t and force down the plunger u and die v, the die venters the
moulds q, r, and forms the interior of the bowl of the pipe. The moulds q, r,
are closed and held together during the descent of the die v in the following
manner: w is a toothed wheel, which engages in the crown wheel x, and on
the descent of the screw t'the axis y is carried down at the same rate as 'the
said screw t. The axis y in its descent acts upon the levers z, z, raising the
ends ¹ of the said levers z, z. The motion of the ends of the levers is
communicated 'through the links 1, 1, to the mould r, a spring 2 being inter-
posed between the mould' and the plate 8, which the levers z urge forward,
and which acts upon the mould r. 4 is a roller working between the ends of
the levers z, and serving to produce a uniform pressure-along the whole length
of the plate 3.
Having now described the nature of my said Invention, and the manner
'of carrying the same into effect, I wish it to be understood that I do not-limit
myself to the precise details herein described, and represented in the Drawings,
as the same may be varied without departing from the nature of my Inven-
tion; but I claim as my Invention the new or improved machinery to be
used in the manufacture of pipes for smoking, herein-before described, and
illustrated in the accompanying Drawings, that is to say, machinery by which
sheets or plates of clay are rolled of a form suitable for producing blanks or
"rolls "for pipes when transversely divided, the said transverse divisions being
effected by a suitably-formed roller and plate or a pair of rollers, also

page_text: completing the formation of the pipes from the said blanks or "rolls," by the
machinery described and represented.
In witness whereof, I, the said Edward Hawkes, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Twenty-ninth day of October, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred-and-fifty-seven.
Witness,
RICHARD SKERRET,
Clerk to George Shaw.
EDWARD HAWKES. (L.S.)