IMPROVEMENTS IN WEAVING LOOMS
Year: 1879

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Henri Adrien Bonneville, of the British and Foreign
Patent Offices, 18, Rue de la Chaussée d'Antin, Paris, France, and 5, Piccadilly,
in the County of Middlesex, Patent Agent, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS
IN WEAVING LOOMS." A communication from Samuel Platt, Manufacturer,
and Taylor Burrows, Commercial Agent, two persons resident, the first at
Roubaix, and the second at Lille, both in the Republic of France:
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Henri Adrien Bonneville at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 2nd April 1879.
HENRI ADRIEN BONNEVILLE, of the British and Foreign Patent Offices, 18, Rue
de la Chaussée d'Antin, Paris, France, and 5, Piccadilly, in the County of Middlesex,
Patent Agent. "IMPROVEMENTS IN WEAVING LOOMS." A communication from
Samuel Platt, Manufacturer, and Taylor Burrows, Commercial Agent, two persons
resident, the first at Roubaix, and the second at Lille, in the Republic of France.
This Invention relates to giving a fabric in course of formation a sufficient amount
of weft at each movement of the shuttle to correspond with the width of the warp,
in addition to the surplus material necessitated by "tangles" or the texture.
The Invention relates, further, to doing away at the same time with the shrinking
caused by the tightening of the shoot, and consequently with all the instruments
and apparatuses required for widening the fabric, or at the very least increasing the
good effects to be expected from the use of the said instruments or apparatuses.
In the ordinary motions of a loom the surplus length between the threaded and
tightened weft and the weft not yet pushed back by the batten is represented by
the hypothenuse of a right-angled triangle with a very little side. The result of
this is that the surplus length is extremely small, and therefore, by reason of the
undulations that occur round the warp, inadequate for threading without contracting
the fabric and necessitating the use of temples.
The Invention consists in increasing the length of the thread not yet pushed back
by the batten. For this purpose, in the under part of the loom, a rod is pivoted at
a fixed point, the upper end of which passes through a suitable conical slot made in
the batten, and at the moment when the batten is at the back, causes the thread of
the weft not yet pushed back to take up a position parallel to the threaded weft,
” .

page_text: thus forming a parallelogram, and making the thread of the weft not yet pushed
back longer than the threaded weft, and afterwards, when the batten is moved
forward, the upper end of the rod holding the thread not yet pushed back, disappears
into its case or sheath, and the weft becomes threaded to the length which has been
kept for it, and, as the said length can be regulated by experiments and the suitable a
position of the upper end of the rod in the batten, it will be understood that the
effect of the undulations round the warp may be counteracted without its being
necessary to widen the fabric afterwards by means of temples.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
.
the said Henri Adrien Bonneville in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 1st
October 1879.
HENRI ADRIEN BONNEVILLE, of the British and Foreign Patent Offices, 18, Rue
de la Chaussée d'Antin, Paris, France, and 5, Piccadilly, in the County of Middlesex,
Patent Agent.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN WEAVING LOOMS." A communication from
Samuel Platt, Manufacturer, and Taylor Burrows, Commercial Agent, two persons
resident, the first at Roubaix, and the second at Lille, both in the Republic of
France.
This Invention relates to giving a fabric in course of formation a sufficient amount
of weft at each movement of the shuttle to correspond with the width of the warp,
in addition to the surplus material necessitated by "tangles" or the texture.
The Invention relates, further, to doing away at the same time with the shrinking
caused by the tightening of the shoot, and consequently with all the instruments
and apparatuses required for widening the fabric, or at the very least increasing
the good effects to be expected from the use of the said instruments or apparatuses.
In the ordinary motions of a loom the surplus length between the threaded and
tightened weft and the weft not yet pushed back by the batten is represented by
the hypothenuse of a right-angled triangle with a very little side. The result of
this is that the surplus length is extremely small, and therefore by reason of the
undulations that occur round the warp, inadequate for threading without contracting
the fabric and necessitating the use of temples.
The Invention consists in increasing the length of the thread not yet pushed back
by the batten. For this purpose, in the under part of the loom, a rod is pivoted at
a fixed point, the upper end of which passes through a suitable conical slot made in
the batten, and at the moment when the batten is at the back causes the thread of
the weft not yet pushed back to take up a position parallel to the threaded weft,
thus forming a parallelogram and making the thread of the weft not yet pushed
back longer than the threaded weft, and afterwards, when the batten is moved
forward, the upper end of the rod holding the thread not yet pushed back disappears
into its case or sheath, and the weft becomes threaded to the length which has been
kept for it,and as the said length can be regulated by experiments and the suitable

page_text: position of the upper end of the rod in the batten, it will be understood that the
effect of the undulations round the warp may be counteracted without its being
necessary to widen the fabric afterwards by means of the temples.
Having thus briefly described the said Invention, I will now proceed to describe
the sume more particularly, reference being had to the accompanying Drawings, and
to the figures and letters marked thereon, that is to say:-
If the progress of the weft of a fabric that is being formed on a power or hand-
loom bo carefully watched, it is a striking fact that for a fixed width of fabric to be
woven, the length of the thread of the weft to be thrown between the threads of
the warp sufficient to enable the shuttle to pass from one side of the warp to the
other, when the comb-tray or batten is behind, becomes inadequate when the comb
is pushed forward and has struck on the shoot.
The reason of this is that the warp being at this moment very much stretched,
the crossing of the thread of the weft round each or all the component parts of the
warp combined, necessitates an extra supply of material at each undulation. Tho
necessary result of this is a sidelong traction on the threads of the warp, which
contributes to bring them together, and finally a shrinking in the width of the
fabric.
Temples were invented to remedy the inconveniences of the said shrinking.
When a few shoots have been thrown out, and the regulator has pushed forward the
manufactured fabric, a succession of teeth or points holds the fabric on each side of
the loom and restores to it the desired width, but this successive and necessarily
intermittent widening cannot be effected without causing serious hindrance to the
good workmanship of the fabric, for, besides the irregularity in the tension between
the moment at which the temple-needle holds the fabric and that at which it is
taken back by another needle, all the risks ensuing from the traction of tearing or
fraying the fabric must be contended with. The temple is then but an inadequate
remedy which is undergone, but is evidently undesirable.
From the above statement it will be seen that the surest remedy for this incon-
venient shrinking was to prevent it automatically by weaving, and consequently to
do away with every kind of temple.
By applying the new or improved devices without temples, a fabric of greater
width is obtained than similar fabrics made in the same way on looms working by
means of the usual devices.
The Invention is illustrated in the accompanying Drawings, in which A, B, is the
comb-tray or batten of a weaving loom; C, the shuttle; D, the warp behind the
loom; D¹, the same warp before it; T, the weft; H, the harness; R, the comb or
stay-reed of the batten; E, the arm of the batten oscillating at F; G, K, M, a rod
pivoted at the fixed point G, the end of which K, M, passes through the batten A
through a suitably contrived conical slot, and the appearance or disappearance
whereof is regulated by the motion itself of the batten, the said rod appearing
when the batten is at the back in front of the weft, as shown in Fig. 1, and dis-
appearing when the batten in front pushes the shoot on to the preceding one.
By first examining theoretically the effect produced by the weft, as shown in
Fig. 1, the practical working of the above improvements will be best understood.
In the ordinary motions of a loom, the threaded and tightened weft being illus-
trated by the letters b, c, and the weft not yet pushed back by the batten by a, b,
it will be seen that the length by which a, b, exceeds c, b, is represented by the
hypothenuse of a right-angled triangle a, b, c, with a very little side a, c. The result
of this is that this surplus length is extremely small, and therefore, by reason of the
undulations that occur inadequate for threading without contracting the fabric, and
necessitating the use of the temple.
By means of the new or improved devices, on the contrary, the appearance of the
fingers M, Fig. 1 and 2, at the moment when the batten is at the back, causes the
weft to take up the position indicated by the letters a, M, b, thus making it longer
than ს; and afterwards, when the fingers M disappear into their case or sheath
at the moment when the batten is moved forward, the weft becomes threaded to the
a,

page_text: length which has been kept for it, and as the said length can be regulated by
experiments and by the suitable position of the rods G, K, M, in the batten, it will
be understood that the effect of the undulations round the warp may be counter-
acted without its being necessary to widen the fabric afterwards.
The effect produced is moreover clearly shown in the Drawings, by which it will
be seen that the most decisive results may be arrived at by bringing the fingers M, M¹,
more or less near each other, or even by locating them outside the warp, or else,
again, by arranging the rod G, K, M, so that the working, instead of taking place
through the batten, should be effected in front or behind, and afterwards connected
by small hinged levers to the effective point.
3
To sum up, the Invention is an Invention of principle, and consists in imparting
to the weft a sufficient length to dispense with the use of any instrument or appa-
ratus for enlarging or stretching the web, or at the very least in aiding the action
of the temples when the too great shrinking of the web that is being manufactured
renders it necessary to continue the use of the said apparatus in spite of the appli-
cation of the above-described process.
The said Invention is carried into practical effect by means of the mechanical
devices hereinbefore explained.
Having thus fully described the said Invention, and the manner of carrying the
same into effect, I would have it understood that I do not confine myself to the
precise details above enumerated, as these may obviously be modified without
departing from the principle of the Invention, but what I claim is, the application
of the above-described process and mechanical contrivances, by means of which a
sufficient amount of weft is given at each movement of the shuttle to a fabric in
course of formation to correspond with the width of the warp, in addition to the
surplus material necessitated by "tangles" or the texture, thereby doing away
with the shrinking caused by the tightening of the shoot, and consequently with all
the instruments and apparatuses required for widening the fabric, or at the very
least increasing the good effects to be expected from the use of the said instruments
or apparatuses, the whole substantially as above described and represented in the
accompanying Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said Henri Adrien Bonneville, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this First day of October, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and seventy-nine.

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