IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CASTINGS FROM WROUGHT IRON AND STEEL
Year: 1885

page_text: This Specification was, upon the 25th day of January 1887, amended under
Sections 18 to 21 of the Patents, Designs, and Trade Marks Act, 1883.
CHIC Manula ang M wrought
Iron and Steel..
"
I, THORSTEN NORDENFELT of 53 Parliament Street in the City of Westminster,
Civil Engineer do hereby declare the nature of my invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CASTINGS FROM WROUGHT IRON AND STEEL (Partly a
communication to me from abroad by Carl Gustaf Wittenström of Stockholm in
the Kingdom of Sweden, Civil Engineer) and in what manner the same is to be
performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-
This invention has for its object improvements in the manufacture of castings
from wrought iron and steel.
It is well known that one of the great difficulties in making castings from steel
is to get a product which is solid sound homogeneous or free from blisters or
cavities. Lately the manufacture has been much improved by adding to the metal
ferromanganese and other compounds containing carbon, silicon and manganese.
But although these admixtures make the product somewhat more solid, they
deteriorate the quality in other respects as the product gets harder and more
brittle or redshort. It has been impossible to make castings of wrought iron or
mild steel at the same time solid and retaining their qualities and their strength.
I have found that castings of wrought iron or mild steel may be obtained solid
without changing the intrinsic quality of the metal by the addition of the metal
aluminium either alone or in the shape of an alloy. The aluminium makes the
molten metal more liquid, thus the gases in the metal pass easily away, the metal
runs easily into the moulds and a more perfect product is obtained. I have found
that even a minute quantity of metallic aluminium added to the molten iron has
an appreciable influence.
By this my new invention I have succeeded in making perfect castings from the
softest wrought iron which castings in every respect retain their ductility and
nature of wrought iron though their tensile strength is greatly enhanced.

page_text: The iron or steel is melted in crucibles, converters or metal 'smelting furnaces of
any description, and the addition of the aluminium or alloy of aluminium is made
to the metal when molten shortly before it is to be poured.. The addition may
however be made earlier.
It is convenient to provide a plug in the cover of the crucible which is removed
when the metal is completely melted; a tube is inserted into the aperture and the
aluminium to be added is passed down the tube-The tube is removed and the plug
replaced and the metal is soon ready for pouring,
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim as my improvements in the manufacture.of castings from wrought iron and
steel is the admixture of metallic aluminium or aluminium alloy with the melted
iron or steel before casting the same into moulds substantially as described.
CARPMAEL & Co.,
Agents for the Applicant

page_text: "
I, THORSTEN NORDENFELT of 53 Parliament Street in the City of Westminster,
Civil Engineer do hereby declare the nature of my invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CASTINGS FROM WROUGHT IRON AND STEEL (Partly a
communication to me from abroad by Carl Gustaf Wittenström of Stockholm in
the Kingdom of Sweden, Civil Engineer) and in what manner the same is to be
performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-
This invention has for its object improvements in the manufacture of castings
from wrought iron and steel.
It is well known that one of the great difficulties in making castings from steel
is to get a product which is solid sound homogeneous or free from blisters or
cavities. Lately the manufacture has been much improved by adding to the metal
ferromanganese and other compounds containing carbon, silicon and manganese.
But although these admixtures make the product somewhat more solid, they
deteriorate the quality in other respects as the product gets harder and more
brittle or redshort. It has been impossible to make castings of wrought iron or
mild steel at the same time solid and retaining their qualities and their strength.
I have found that castings of wrought iron or mild steel may be obtained solid
without changing the intrinsic quality of the metal by the addition of the metal
aluminium either alone or in the shape of an alloy. The aluminium makes the
molten metal more liquid, thus the gases in the metal pass easily away, the metal
runs easily into the moulds and a more perfect product is obtained. I have found
that even a minute quantity of metallic aluminium added to the molten iron has
an appreciable influence.
By this my new invention I have succeeded in making perfect castings from the
softest wrought iron which castings in every respect retain their ductility and
nature of wrought iron though their tensile strength is greatly enhanced.

page_text: The iron or steel is melted in crucibles, converters or metal smelting furnaces of
any description, and the addition of the aluminium or alloy of aluminium is made
to the metal when molten shortly before it is to be poured. The addition may
however be made earlier.
It is convenient to provide a plug in the cover of the crucible which is removed
when the metal is completely melted, a tube is inserted into the aperture and the
aluminium to be added is passed down the tube-The tube is removed and the plug
replaced and the metal is soon ready for pouring.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim as my improvements in the manufacture of castings from wrought iron and
steel is the admixture of metallic aluminium or aluminium alloy with the melted
iron or steel before casting the same into moulds substantially as described.
CARPMAEL & Co.,
Agents for the Applicant.