Improvements in the Projection on to a Screen of Photographs in Colours, and Apparatus therefor.
Year: 1897

page_text: Date of Application, 4th Mar., 1897
Complete Specification Left, 4th Sept., 1897-Accepted, 30th Oct., 1897
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Projection on to a Screen of Photographs in
Colours, and Apparatus therefor.
1, FREDERIC EUGENE IVES, of 2750 North Eleventh Street, in the City of
Philadelphia, State of Pennsylvania, United States of America, and of 119
Shaftesbury Avenue, in the County of London, Photographer, do hereby declare
the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
My invention relates to the projection of pictures which when superposed upon
a screen constitute photographs in colours and has for its object to add to the
interest and effectiveness of such screen projections, and this I accomplish by
projecting the colored images first side by side, or one above another, on the screen,
either completely separated or partly overlapped, and then bringing them into
superposition by moving two of the images over the third, in a rectilinear line,
until they are superposed in accurate register when a jumble of crude colours is
suddenly transformed into a harmonious colored image of the object photographed.
Each picture thus furnishes a fresh surprise as it comes into register, and the
beauty and delicacy of the coloring is more striking by contrast to the crudity of
the unregistered combination than it would be were the pictures at the onset or
commencement of operations shewn in proper superposition.
The photographs to be projected on to the screen are made to represent respec-
tively the red, green and blue or violet elements of colour and their projection is
effected through or by means of glass or other medium of corresponding colours,
thus the photograph representing the red element will be projected by red light
the photograph representing the green element will be projected by green light
and the photograph representing the blue or violet element will be projected by
blue or violet light.
For projecting these three pictures there are provided three convex lenses imme-
diately in front of which the photographs are placed and at a focal distance therefrom,
three objectives which latter are arranged so that they may be adjusted in relation
to each other to enable the pictures projected, to be brought into correct
superposition.
There are various ways of carrying out my invention and I will describe two
as examples, but I do not restrict myself to these two arrangements.
In one arrangement wherein the central objective is stationary and the two
outer objectives are adjustable in relation to it, the source of light is caused to
deliver a beam on to a pair of transparent reflectors which, while allowing a
portion of the light to pass directly through to the central photograph, also deflect
portions of the beam in respectively opposite directions on to two silvered reflectors
which are arranged to deflect the beam through the two outer photographs. The
two adjustable objectives are mounted in or on pivotted or sliding frames or
supports and the two silvered reflectors appertaining to these lenses are mounted
in or on adjustable frames or supports which are suitably connected to the
objective-carrying frames or supports so that as the latter are moved, the silvered

page_text: reflectors will be moved correspondingly whereby the relative positions between
the adjustable objectives and reflectors are maintained and the passage of the
divided portions of the light-beam through the said adjustable objectives is not
disturbed. The connections between the adjustable objective-carrying frames
and the movable reflectors may be adjustable so as to admit of variations being
made according to the distance of the apparatus from the screen.
In the second arrangement the source of light is arranged at one side or at the
top or bottom of the lantern and is caused to project the beam first on to and
through two transparent reflectors which deflect portions of it through one of the
outer and the central photographs, and then on to a silvered reflector which
deflects the remaining portion of the beam through the third or other of the outer
photographs in this construction the transparent reflector appertaining to the
central photograph is non-adjustable and the other two reflectors are adjustable
in substantially the manner previously described. With the arrangement last
described I may make all of the objectives and reflectors adjustable.
The before mentioned colored glasses or media may be introduced in the
apparatus so as to intercept the respective portions of the divided beam at any
desired part.
The before described apparatus may be constructed either as a permanent
attachment to a projecting lantern-body or as a removable attachment.
Dated this 4th day of March 1897.
JOHNSONS & WILLCOX,
47 Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, W.C., Agents.
Improvements in the Projection on to a Screen of Photographs in
Colours, and Apparatus therefor.
I, FREDERIC EUGENE IVES of 2750 North Eleventh Street in the City of
Philadelphia, State of Pennsylvania, United States of America, and of 119
Shaftesbury Avenue, in the County of London, Photographer, do hereby declare
the nature of this Invention and in what manner the same is to be performed to
be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
My Invention relates to the projection of photographic pictures upon a screen,
which pictures are of such a character, and are so superposed in projection, as to
constitute a photographic representation in colours, the said photographic pictures
being of the kind known as chromograms produced by the photochromoscope
camera. The object of my Invention is to add to the interest and effectiveness
of such projections, and this I accomplish by projecting the coloured images first
side by side, or one above another, on the screen, either completely
separated, or partly overlapping, and then bringing them into superposition by
moving them rectilinearly so that they become superposed, say for example, by
moving two of the pictures over the third in a rectilinear path until they are all
truly superposed, or in correct register with each other. By this means, e
several separate, or primary, colours and the "jumble" of crude colours, which
were at first projected upon the screen, are suddenly, or gradually, transformed
into a harmoniously coloured image of the object represented. Each picture thus
furnishes a fresh surprise as it comes into register and the beauty and delicacy of
the colouring are more striking to the observer by contrast with the crudity of
the separate, or unregistered pictures than they would be if the pictures were at
once projected upon the screen in proper superposition.
The mode of taking chromograms by means of the photochromoscope camera,

page_text: through coloured glasses representing the red, green and blue, or violet, sensations,
is well understood, as also is the viewing of the several images of the chromo-
grams so obtained through correspondingly coloured glasses the projection upon
the screen being effected through glasses similarly coloured; so that the image of
the chromogram representing the red sensation is projected by red light, the image
of the chromogram representing the green sensation by green light, and the
image of the chromogram representing the blue, or violet, sensation by blue, or
violet, light.
The accompanying drawing represents apparatus suitable for carrying my Inven-
tion into effect.
Figure 1 is a perspective view of a magic lantern such as is now in use and is
suitable for receiving the colour projecting apparatus which is put in place when
the condensing lens and its carrier y are removed or turned aside as shewn in
dotted lines and the projecting lens and its carrier are removed. Figure 2 is a
plan and Figure 3 is a side elevation partly in section of the colour projecting
attachment which is made to rest upon the projecting base w of the lantern shewn
in Figure 1. Figure 4 is a cross section on the line 1. 2. Figure 2; and Figure 5
represents in diagrammatic plan a modified arrangement.
For projecting the representations from the three images of the chromogram
there are provided three convex lenses a b and c immediately in front of which
the images of the chromogram are respectively placed and held for example by
a spring and at the proper focal distance therefrom are respectively three
objectives de and f, which are mounted so that they can be adjusted in relation
to each other to enable the projected images from the chromogram to be brought
into correct superposition. My Invention is not limited to the precise details of
the mechanism by which the movements are effected but that illustrated is a very
convenient arrangement for the purpose the central objective e being, in this
arrangement, stationary and the two objectives d, f; one on either side thereof,
are adjustable relatively to it. The source of light, such as the lantern g with
the condenser y and objective z removed delivers a beam of light through the
small condenser g¹ onto a pair of transparent reflectors hi which allow a portion
of the rays of light to pass directly through to the central chromogram image and
deflect portions of the rays in opposite directions onto two silvered, or equivalent,
reflectors which direct the rays through the two outer chromogram images,
The two adjustable objectives d and f are mounted in, or on, sliding frames or
supports pivotted at I'm and the reflectors j k respectively appertaining thereto
are mounted in, or on, adjustable frames or supports pivotted at n which are
connected to the objective carrying frames or supports by links qr so that as the
objectives are moved the reflectors are correspondingly moved suitable relative
positions between the respective objectives and their reflectors being thus main-
tained and the passage of the rays of the divided beam of light through the
adjustable objectives not disturbed the blocks carrying the transparent reflectors h
and i may also be pivoted and geared to the blocks carrying the silvered reflectors,
but the other adjustments can be so made that this is unnecessary.
adjustable screws for coming against stops for quickly and accurately adjusting
the register for differently mounted chromograms or different screen distances.
Or the apparatus may be arranged with the source of light at one side as shewn
in Figure 5 (or at the top or bottom) and the beam of light be first projected onto
and through two transparent reflectors 2h2 which deflect portions of the rays
through one of the outer and the centre chromogram image and their respective
objectives de the remaining rays being deflected by a silvered or equivalent
reflector which deflects the said remaining rays through the third or other
outer chromogram image and objective 2. In this construction the reflector
appertaining to the central chromogram is non-adjustable and the other two
reflectors are adjustable in practically the same manner as that herein before
described. In the arrangement last described all the objectives and reflectors
may be made adjustable.
s are
.

page_text: The coloured glasses or equivalent transparent media are introduced into the
apparatus so as to intercept the respective portions of the rays of the divided beam
of light at any desired points.
The apparatus described may be made either as a permanent attachment to the
body of a projecting lantern, or as a removeable attachment as described.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is:-
1. The hereinbefore described method of projecting images from chromograms
upon a screen, by first projecting them separately, or not superposed, or only in
part superposed, and then bringing them into correct superposition, or register,
by rectilinear movement substantially as hereinbefore described.
2. In apparatus for superposing chromogram images upon a screen a combina-
tion of objectives and reflectors the objectives and respective reflectors bein
adjustable relatively to each other, or two of the objectives and their respective
reflectors being adjustable relatively to a third fixed objective, substantially as
herein before described.
3. An apparatus for the purpose described arranged or constructed as hereinbefore
described and shewn in Figures 1, 2, 3 and 4 of the accompanying drawing and
the modification described with reference to Figure 5.
Doted this 4th day of September 1897.
JOHNSONS & WILLCOX,
47 Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, W.C., Agents.