matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN OR IN ADDITION TO THE MARINER'S COMPASS
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Miller at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 27th July
1869.
I, JOHN MILLER, of Victoria Park, in the County of Middlesex,
Master Mariner, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN OR IN ADDITION TO THE MARINER'S COMPASS," to be as
follows:-
My improvements in or in addition to the mariner's compass are
intended to simplify the taking of amplitudes, azimuths, and compass
bearings in and by the addition of an apparatus or instrument, as
hercafter described, to the ordinary mariner's compass.
The Invention consists in the employment of a base piece or bar, made
preferably of wood for the sake of lightness, and with a slit or slot
throughout its length except at or at about the middle or centre thereof,
where it is attached by a pin to the glass cover of the compass, and
about or on which pin it is free to move but capable of being taken off
when required. One end of the bar carries or supports at right angles
thereto a slotted bar, the slot in which corresponds in size with that in

page_text: the bar. The top of the bar and the centre of the cross or wood bar are
united by a cross bar forming the hypothenuse of the angle produced by
the cross bar and the upright bar..
The action is as follows:-As the sun, moon, star, or planet shines
on the compass it strikes on the hypothenuse bar and is reflected
through the slot or slit in the base on to the compass box and to the
compass card, and thereby producing what is known as an artificial
"lubber's point." The opposite end of the cross bar or base is provided
with a bar forming an angle without the perpendicular, whereby bearings:
and amplitudes may be taken. For this purpose I bring the hypothenuse
of the large angle, small angle, and object in one, and the hypothenuse
of the small angle will show the bearings by refraction on to the com-
pass card. I have said I use bars, but clearly I do not limit myself to
the use of bars. I prefer them because they are strong, but simple hairs
or wire rods would answer the purpose, and in some cases are preferable.
In- PROVEMENTS IN TREATING THE WASTE OF WOOL, SILK, HORN, AND OTHER NITROGENIZED ANIMAL MATTERS TO BE USED AS MANURE
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Clinton Edgcumbe Brooman
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 16th February 1869.-A communication from abroad by
Paul Pichelin, of Orleans, France.
I, CLINTON EDGOUMBE BROOMAN, of the Firm of Robertson, Brooman,
and Company, of 166, Fleet Street, in the City of London, Patent
Agents, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "In-
PROVEMENTS IN TREATING THE WASTE OF WOOL, SILK, HORN, AND OTHER
NITROGENIZED ANIMAL MATTERS TO BE USED AS MANURE," to be as follows:-
The waste of wool, silk, horn, leather, and other analogous animal
matters contain a certain proportion of nitrogen which may be usefully
employed as manure, and the object of this Invention is the treatment
of these materials so as to render their fertilizing qualities applicable to
the above purpose. My treatment is founded upon the disaggregation,
the dissolution, or the fusion of the nitrogenized matters above mentioned
by the action of sulphuric and nitric acids combined, or nitro-sulphuric
acid; the products resulting from this reaction are very rich in nitrogen
and constitute in some respects nitric acids. In order to utilize these
products as manure I make use of the nitric acids furnished by these
matters to treat phosphates and coprolithes, and to form from them

page_text: soluble all phosphates whether bone or coprolithes or phosphorites of
Spain and other places. By stirring together 100 parts by weight of
nitric acid, and 200 parts by weight of phosphates, and leaving them
in contact for 48 hours a product is formed which dries and solidifies in
such a manner as to render the pickaxe necessary to break it. After
being pulverized by means of a roller or clod breaker the nitrated
superphosphate is ready to be employed as manure. By this process
the nitrogen is not only incorporated with the superphosphate but this
nitrated superphosphate is prepared at half the cost of ordinary super-
phosphate.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE ARRANGEMENT AND CONSTRUCTION OF STEAM BOILER AND OTHER FURNACES FOR ECONOMIZING FUEL AND LABOUR AND CONSUMING SMOKE
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Knowles Broadbent,
Samuel Prestwich, and John Prestwich at the Office of the Com-
missioners of Patents, with their Petition, on the 26th April 1869.
We, JOSEPH KNOWLES BROADBENT, Engineer, SAMUEL PRESTWICH,
and JOHN PRESTWICH, Manufacturers, all of Farnworth, in the County
of Lancaster, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE ARRANGEMENT AND CONSTRUCTION OF STEAM BOILER AND
OTHER FURNACES FOR ECONOMIZING FUEL AND LABOUR AND CONSUMING SMOKE,"
to be as follows:
The object of our improvements is to feed the fuel placed on the fire-
bars near the "dead plate" gradually forward towards the "fire-bridge
so that the smoke or gases from the newly fed fuel may pass over and
be consumed by that portion of the fuel which will have become in-
candescent near the "fire-bridge." Our improvements also prevent the
formation of "clinker," keep the fire-bars cleaner, and allow a more free
admission of air to the fuel than ordinary furnaces, besides economizing
fuel and labour.
Our improvements consist in arranging the fire-bars so that both a

page_text: vertical and end movement may be imparted to, say every alternate bar,
or any other number or proportion of the bars, the remainder of the
bars being fixed or moveable in their turns. We first lift the bars so
that their surfaces rise above those which remain fixed or stationary, and
then while held up they are moved forward for a short space and are
then lowered and drawn back. These movements gradually advance the
fuel from the front to the back of the furnace.
We carry out our improvements by arranging the fire-bars on
rocking shafts, which will give the vertical movement to the bars; we
also employ a rocking shaft in addition to give the end movements, these
rocking shafta being actuated by cams, levers, and rods or other suitable
mechanism driven from the engine or other motive power.
Another mode of arranging and actuating the fire-bars forming
another part of our Invention consists in mounting the bars on com-
pound or knuckle jointed levers, or other equivalent arrangements, which
may be worked by a simple to-and-fro motion by hand or mechanism, so
that the first part of the movement will cause the bars to lift and then
move forward, while the return movement will cause them first to sink
and then move lack.
Another modification forming a part of our Invention consists in
mounting the bars upon shafts forming rollers, and in actuating them by
a bar or bars having inclines to give the vertical, movements, and
working on rollers.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ROTARY ENGINES
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Edward Newton at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 14th December 1869.-A communication from adroad by
Hezekiah Olney, Robert Asaph Delong, and Lucius Rufus Townsend,
all of Malone, and Julius Amasa Townsend, of Lawrence, both in
the State of New York, United States of America.
I, WILLIAM EDWARD NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery
Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN ROTARY ENGINES," to be
as follows:-
This engine relates to a new rotary engine which is composed of a
series of cylinders (six or more) arranged radially and equidistant
within a circular rotating frame carried by a fixed tubular horizontal
axle in a stationary frame. Each cylinder has inlet and exhaust ports
provided with communicating pipes whose mouths enter a steam chest
(formed in the boss of the rotating frame) in two circles. The pipes
from the outer ends of the cylinders being arranged in one, and those of
the inner ends of the cylinders in another circle within the steam chest.
The piston rods of the cylinders are connected with a ring loosely fitted

page_text: around a crank pin excentric, but connected to the fixed tubular axle
of the frame. Steam is admitted into the steam chest through the
hollow axle, perforations being made in the axle to allow of its escape
into the chest. A disc valve is formed on the hollow axle where it
passes through the steam chest, through which are cut segmental slots,
so placed as to admit steam to the inner sides of some, and the outer
sides of other adjoining cylinders through the communicating pipes.
The cylinders are fitted with similar apparatus on their opposite sides
for the escape of the exhaust steam. The cylinders in their rotation
will thus be caused to act on the excentric fulcrum, so as to rotate the
frame around its axis, thereby producing the desired motion. The
motion of the frame is reversed by turning the hollow axle or tube
together with the disc valve and excentric or crank pin by means of a
suitable handle affixed to the outer end and secured in position or locked
by any well known arrangement.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CASES FOR THE CONVEYANCE OF FRESH MEAT
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Fennelly at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 4th
May 1869.
I, RICHARD FENNELLY, of Wellington Chambers, London Bridge,
in the County of Surrey, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN CASES FOR THE CONVEYANCE OF FRESH
MEAT," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in cases for the
conveyance of fresh meat. For this purpose I employ a case of wood
lined internally with felt or non-conducting material; within this is
placed a double case of sheet metal; the interior of this case is suitably
fitted up to receive the meat to be conveyed from one place to another,
and the space between the double sides of the metal case is to receive a
cooling medium, as for example, a fluid such as brine which has
previously been reduced to a very low temperature.
Suitable arrangements are made for opening and closing the case for
the introduction and withdrawal of the meat.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LADIES' PANNIERS OR BUSTLES
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas William Lockyer at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
30th July 1869.
I, THOMAS WILLIAM LOCKYER, of 41, Monkwell Street, in the
City of London, Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN LADIES' PANNIERS OR BUSTLES," to be as
follows:-
This Invention consists of a new bustle for the improvement of the
set or fit of ladies' dresses.
The bustle now in use is usually constructed with whalebone, wire,
wadding, and other material.
Now, by this Invention, I propose to dispense with these arrangements
and adopt that of an inflated air-tight, bag of the form required, and of
the same material usually adopted for air-tight cushions, and which can
be inflated in the same way, viz., by a screw tap or valve. Its advan-
tages are lightness and portability, and that it can be fully or only

page_text: partially inflated according to the taste of the wearer. It will not lose
its shape or become flat no matter how long in use. It can be encased
or made up with silk or other material in the usual way, and of the
various shapes dictated by fashion.
AN IMPROVED SLIDING FASTENING OR LOCK FOR PURSES, POCKET-BOOKS, BOXES, SATCHELS, BAGS, AND OTHER SIMILAR ARTICLES
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Moritz Wolfsky at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 14th May
1869.
I, MORITZ WOLFSKY, of 5, Pilgrim Street, Ludgate Hill, in the City
of London, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"AN IMPROVED SLIDING FASTENING OR LOCK FOR PURSES, POCKET-BOOKS, BOXES,
SATCHELS, BAGS, AND OTHER SIMILAR ARTICLES," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists of a lock or fastening applicable to purses,
pocket-books, boxes, satchels, bags, and other similar articles; and that
the description may be clearly understood, reference is made to the
accompanying Drawings, which show the lock in connection with an
ordinary purse, the same letters on the Drawings referring to like parts
throughout.
Fig. 1.-A is a plate, fixed to the body of the purse, which plate has
two grooves B, B, formed in the same, as shown; O is the upper or
moveable plate, made to slide on or over plate A; the plate C has on its
under side two clips D, D, Fig. 3, which work in the grooves B, B.
A spring E, Figs. 4 and 6, is fixed under plate A, and this acting or

page_text: pressing on the clips D, D, controls its sliding movement. The flap of
the purse F, Fig. 8, is to be folded down in the usual manner, the hole
in the metal tongue G fitting on to the metal knob H; then the plate C
is pushed over the same, and the lock will then be fastened, as seen in
Fig. 2. To unfasten the lock the plate C has merely to be pushed back
again (see Fig. 1), the tongue G is released, and the purse is opened.
The movement of the sliding plate C is controlled by the spring E in the
pressing on the clips D, D, controls its sliding movement. The flap of
the purse F, Fig. 8, is to be folded down in the usual manner, the hole
in the metal tongue G fitting on to the metal knob H; then the plate C
is pushed over the same, and the lock will then be fastened, as seen in
Fig. 2. To unfasten the lock the plate C has merely to be pushed back
again (see Fig. 1), the tongue G is released, and the purse is opened.
The movement of the sliding plate C is controlled by the spring E in the
elipe D, D (see Fig. 8).
GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS.
Fig. 1 represents a purse with its lock, plate C being pushed back, the 1
tongue G released, and therefore open; Fig. 2, the same, with plate C
pushed over, and the lock closed; Fig. 3, under side of plate C, showing
the clips D, D; Fig. 4, the fixed plate A, with the grooves B, B, the
spring E, and the ends of the clips D, D; Fig. 5, upper side of plate A;
I, I, represents the wire fixing for the lock, as also in Fig. 4; Fig. 6 1
shows side view of lock; Fig. 7, section of the same; Fig. 8, side view
of purse with lock opened; Fig. 9 shows small metal plate G attached
to the flap of purse, with hole to fit on to the knob H.
IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR HEATING, APPLICABLE TO GENERATING STEAM, COOKING FOOD, AND HEATING FOR VARIOUS OTHER DOMESTIC PURPOSES Apparatus for Heating, applicable to Generating Steam, Cooking Food and Heating for other Domestic Purposes
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Edward Newton at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 13th February 1869.-A communication from abroad by Marie-
Louis Adolphe Bègue and Edouard Derrien, of the Firm of Bègue
and Company, of Paris, in the Empire of France.
I, WILLIAM EDWARD NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 68, Ohancery
Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, do hereby declaro
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR HEATING,
APPLICABLE TO GENERATING STEAM, COOKING FOOD, AND HEATING FOR VARIOUS
OTHER DOMESTIC PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
This Invention of "Improved Apparatus for Heating, applicable to
Generating Steam, Cooking Food, and Heating for various other Domestic
Purposes," consists in the employment of lamps of any convenient and
suitable construction, and which are placed in a vessel (containing water
if desired) of a conical or other suitable form and provided with vertical
tubes or pipes through the centre. To the lower end of these pipes or
tubes paraffine or other oil lamps or burners are adapted so as to fit
closely in order to prevent the escape of any of the heat. The heat
thus obtained from the combustion of the oil rises into a chamber into

page_text: which is fitted loosely, so as to allow a space all round, the vessel or
receptacle containing the food or water to be cooked or boiled. Suitable
openings are left to allow of the escape of the gaseous products of
combustion.
For heating carriages, conservatories, and other places the lamps may
be made to heat water in a close vessel which is in communication with
a series of pipes, whereby a circulation of hot water is kept up so as to
warm the place. The apparatus may be secured to the sides of a carriage
or to a wall by small brackets or holdfasts.
The lamps are held in position in the heating apparatus by means of
a spring or springs, and they may be adapted to heat water in a close
vessel for generating steam or heating air as it passes through a chamber,
from which it will pass out into the apartment so as to heat the same.
By means of this apparatus heat will be produced in a more perfect and
economical manner than can be done by employing coal or gas.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CASTORS FOR FURNITURE
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joshua Horton at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 16th
October 1869.
I, JOSHUA HORTON, of Milverton, near Leamington, in the County of
Warwick, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN CASTORS FOR FURNITURE," to be as follows :—
My Invention consists of the improvements herein-after described in
constructing ball castors for furniture, whereby the said castors are made
to work very smoothly and the friction is reduced to a minimum.
In making a ball castor according to my Invention I make the
hollow body or case of the said castor of a conical figure, and I make or
place across the said hollow body a partition or diaphragm. The said
partition divides the body into two parts; the upper part constitutes the
socket in which the leg of the article of furniture is placed and fixed,
and the lower part constitutes a chamber in which a sphere or ball is
placed and works freely. I prefer to make the said sphere or ball of
hard wood, but other non-metallic material may be used. The sphere
or ball is of less diameter than the chamber, and is retained in the said

page_text: chamber by cupping or turning inwards the open bottom of the
chamber; this cupping inwards may be effected by dies in a press
or by means of a lathe. The sphere or ball of the castor is thus made
to bear only at one part of the case or chamber in which it is placed,
that is, at the middle of the partition in the said case or body, and hence
the friction between the fixed case or body and moving sphere or ball is
less than in the ordinary ball castor, and the locking or binding together
of the parts is thereby prevented.
In place of a single sphere or ball two balls one above the other may
be employed in the chamber or case of the castor. In this arrangement
the lower ball bears against the upper one, and the upper one against
the partition or division in the case or body. When plate castors aro
to be made the socket at the top of the case or body is dispensed with,
and a plate is used in place thereof.
In applying my Invention to metal bedsteads I use either of the
arrangements described, but instead of fixing the castor to the leg or
pillar of the bedsteads by means of a socket or plate I secure the castor
to the said leg or pillar by casting metal around the said parts in a sand
or chill mould; but I do not limit myself to the method described of
securing the castor to the leg or pillar of the bedstead. For iron
bedsteads I prefer to make the body or tubular part of the castor of
malleable or annealed cast iron, which malleable iron permits of the
cupping inwards of the open end of the body to secure the ball or balls
in the said body.
Im- PROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF WINDMILLS
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Humphrey Henchman at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
23rd August 1869.
I, HUMPHREY HENCHMAN, of Bromley, in the County of Kent,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "Im-
PROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF WINDMILLS," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object the construction of windmills of
greater efficiency than any hitherto suggested. On the top of a cylin-
drical post, fixed in a vertical position I fit a centre of steel or other
suitable material, and over such post I place a hollow cylindrical cap
of convenient length, having fitted to the top of it in the inside a centre
similar to the one already mentioned. The cylindrical cap is free to
rotate on these centres, and may be kept in a vertical position by friction
rollers inserted between it and the before-mentioned post, or otherwise.
To the said cap I fit a series of sail frames at right angles to the post,
their faces being parallel with its axis. These sail frames may be made
of any suitable material, but are made by preference of light iron lattice
girders so placed as to resist the thrust of the wind, the said girders

page_text: being supported by suspension rods steadied by tie rods, and connected
where necessary by bracings. On each of these sail frames I place a
number of reefs acting in the plane of motion of the machine. Each reef
may be made of wood or of other suitable material, but by preference
is made of a narrow strip of metal corrugated or otherwise bent so as to
give it the requisite strength and stiffness. This reef is attached along
its centre line to a metal bar, at the end of which is a crank. The
reciprocating motion of this crank places alternately the face and the
edge of the reef towards the wind; and the arrangement is such that
the sails which are travelling with the wind present more or less of the
faces of their reefs to the wind, while those which are returning against
the wind present only the edges of their reefs to the wind; and thus the
greatest power may be obtained with the least obstruction. The cranks
referred to are worked by rods regulated by certain bars attached to a
collar round the supporting post. This collar being free to rotate there
is fixed to it a vane, which compels it to take such a position that the
sails are always feathered at a given angle to the wind. When circum-
stances require it, the said rods may be regulated by means of rollers
running in grooves or on curved surfaces. The above arrangements are
equally applicable when the axis of motion is horizontal or inclined
instead of vertical, as above specified.
AN IMPROVED PASTE OR COMPOSITION ADAPTED FOR COATING THE BOTTOMS OF . WOOD AND IRON SHIPS
Year: 1869

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Arthur Trevelyan Fairgrieve, of No. 17, West
Street, Sunderland, in the County of Durham, for the Invention of
"AN IMPROVED PASTE OR COMPOSITION ADAPTED FOR COATING THE BOTTOMS OF .
WOOD AND IRON SHIPS."
Sealed the 26th November 1869, and dated the 28th May 1869.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Arthur Trevelyan
Fairgrieve at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his
Petition, on the 28th May 1869.
I, ARTHUR TREVELYAN FAIRGRIEVE, of No. 17, West Street, Sunder-
land, in the County of Durham, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "AN IMPROVED PASTE OR COMPOSITION ADAPTED FOR COATING THE
BOTTOMS OF WOOD AND IRON SHIPS," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object the production of a non-conducting
and anti-fouling paste or composition for coating the bottoms of wood and

page_text: iron ships so as to prevent corrosion of the iron of a ship's bottom, and
also the fouling of the ship's bottom by growths of vegetable and animal
matters thereon which would impede the progress of the ship in the
water.
To make 50 lbs. of my composition I take 30 lbs. of common rosin
and melt it in a pot under a slow fire, as soon as the rosin is melted I
add 10 lbs. of the best Russian tallow and 10 lbs. of raw linseed oil, as
soon as these ingredients are properly melted together and combined,
1 mix together in a separate vessel or pot 4 lbs. of quicklime, 8 lbs. of
black lead, an 6 lbs. of flowers of sulphur, all in powder; these are to
be well mixed together dry and without heat. Then I add by small
quantities at a time the whole of the contents of the other pot which
contains the hot melted tallow, linseed oil, while it is hot, and the whole
is well mixed and stirred up together to form a paste which as soon as
it is cool is ready for use. The proportions above stated I consider are
the best, but they may be to some extent varied.
IMPROVEMENTS IN AXLE PULLEYS FOR SUSPENDING WINDOW SASHES AND FOR OTHER LIKE PURPOSES
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles James Harcourt at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
17th July. 1869.
I, CHARLES JAMES HARCOURT, of the Lozells, Aston Manor, near
Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Manufacturer, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN AXLE
PULLEYS FOR SUSPENDING WINDOW SASHES AND FOR OTHER LIKE PURPOSES," to
be as follows:-
My Invention consists of the improvements herein-after described in
that part of the axle pulley called the frame, and my said improvements
have for their object to facilitate the introduction and removal of the
wheel of the pulley from its frame when for the introduction or repairing
of the suspending chain or cord and hook the removal of the said wheel
is necessary. I make the said pulley frame of a shape very nearly
resembling that of the ordinary pulley frame, excepting that I form two
slots in it, the said slots commencing in the face or plate by which the
pulley frame is secured to the window frame or other article, and after
proceeding horizontally for a short distance in the sides of the frame
take a vertical direction. The said slots are of sufficient width to permit

page_text: the pin or axle of the wheel to move freely along them. The bottoms
of the said slots are semicircular and constitute the bearings in which the
pin or axle of the wheel works. The wheel is introduced into and
removed from its frame by passing its pin or axle along the slots
described. I prefer to strengthen the pulley frame at the part where
the slots described are made by giving the metal at that part an additional
thickness. Pulley frames of the kind described may be made in one
piece by the process of casting. The axle pulley is fixed in its place by
screws, and a brass face of the ordinary kind; when fixed the brass face
prevents the removal of the wheel from its frame. On removal of the
brass face the wheel can readily be lifted from the frame, and this easy
removal of the wheel permits of the introduction of the hook and chain
or cord from the front of the frame, and thereby affords great facilities
in the original suspension of the sash or other article, as well as in
effecting repairs of the suspending chain or cord and hook. Although
I prefer to make the slots in the pulley frame as herein-before described,
yet the said slots may be made at the back of the frame with nearly
the same effect.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN APPARATUS USED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PIPES FROM LEAD OR OTHER METAL OR ALLOY
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Hampson at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 16th
September 1869.
I, JAMES HAMPSON, of Bradford, near Manchester, in the County of
Lancaster, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN
IMPROVEMENT IN APPARATUS USED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PIPES FROM LEAD OR
OTHER METAL OR ALLOY," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to the manufacture of pipes from lead or other
metal or alloy by forcing the said metal or alloy (when in a semi-fluid
state) through a die or dies by means of hydraulic pressure, and consists
of an improved standing core to be employed in connection with the die
for forming the interior surface of the pipe.
The apparatus ordinarily employed for this purpose consists of a strong
vessel or "container" having a cylindrical bore, in which moves a block
or piston actuated by hydraulic pressure, and to the centre of this block
is attached a long rod or core which moves upwards with the block
passing through the centre of the die placed or fixed in a seating at the
top of the cylinder or container. As the block advances (and with it the

page_text: core) the metal is driven out before it through the die and is forced off
the end of the core as it progresses. The principal defects of this
apparatus are, that owing to the length of the core the latter is liable to
get out of truth or to become bent or broken, and hence the pipes are
liable to be defective, and the apparatus to require frequent and costly
repairs. An attempt has been made to remedy these defects by
screwing a short standing core into a bar fixed across the container
below the seating, but as this bar was necessarily at least twice the
thickness of the core a great amount of pressure was required to force
the metal past the bar, and reunite it on the other side, and the con-
sequence was that not only was a great amount of power wasted but the
union of the metal was so imperfect that the pipes frequently split at
the ends when being expanded by the plumber in making joints.
My Invention consists in the use of a standing core formed in one
piece of steel, with a curved saddle or bridge which is fixed in the
seating immediately below the die, the whole being somewhat in the
form of the arms and part of the shank of a common anchor. The
sectional form of the saddle or bridge is convex on both sides and
brought to an edge above and below, and its thickest part is no thicker
than the diameter of the core itself. A standing core of this form and
construction is not only stronger, more simple, and inexpensive, and less
liable to get out of truth than those hitherto in use, but much less
pressure or power is required in the working of the apparatus owing to
the reduction of the friction; and the union of the metal or alloy is
much more perfect by reason of the reduced thickness and peculiar form
of the saddle or bridge which supports and forms part of the core.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OR METHODS OF TREATING PLANTS, SHRUBS, AND VEGETABLE PRODUCTIONS FOR THE PURPOSE OF EXTRACTING, COLLECTING, AND PRESERVING THE ARONA AND VOLATILE MATTER OF ESSENTIAL OIL FIELDED BY THEM
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Pidding at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
6th January 1860.
I, WILLIAM PIDDING, of 20, Walcot Square, in the County of Surrey,
Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OR METHODS OF TREATING PLANTS, SHRUBS, AND
VEGETABLE PRODUCTIONS FOR THE PURPOSE OF EXTRACTING, COLLECTING, AND
PRESERVING THE ARONA AND VOLATILE MATTER OF ESSENTIAL OIL FIELDED BY
THEM," to be as follows:-
My said Invention consists in treating living plants, shrubs, and all
vegetable productions (of a scent-yielding nature) by a process or
method by which I collect their aroma, scent, or essential vapour or oil
without destroying the vitality of the same. I place the living plant
or whatever vegetable production I may wish to subject to my process
in a receiver or vessel so formed as to allow of the air from within being
extracted as required. The plant or vegetable production under process
is to remain in the receiver a sufficient time to allow of it or them giving

page_text: forth or emitting their aroma or essential oil or vapour. The air in the
receiver thus becomes impregnated and scented by the same. I extract
the air so impregnated from the receiver by means of an exhausting
apparatus or any suitable appliance (to an extent so as not to deteriorate
or injure the living plant or vegetable matter under operation) and pass
the same into a suitable vessel or receiver; such receiver may contain
oil, fatty, or oleaginous, saponaceous, or other appropriate matter or
spirits suitably arranged so that they may become impregnated with the
scented air and vapour let into them from the first receiver. It must
be understood that I do not use or apply either of the ordinary modes of
distillation or infusion.
I do not confine myself to the shape or any particular form or
material for my vessels or receivers, or the mode or methods by which I
connect them together, or with the exhausting apparatus I may use.
For some portions of my process I may prefer to use receivers constructed
with an outer jacket (similar to a steam evaporating pan) so that I may,
if I prefer it, apply heat to assist in my process. In all cases my
receivers are made air tight, the arrangements for the admission and
emission of the atmosphere being in connection with the apparatus I
use.
AN IMPROVEMENT OR IMPROVEMENTS IN BEARINGS FOR CAST-IRON ROLLS AND SHAFTS AND OTHER ROTATING BODIES MADE OF CAST IRON
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Rose at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 20th July
1869.
I, WILLIAM ROSE, of the Mount, Halesowen, in the County of
Worcester, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"AN IMPROVEMENT OR IMPROVEMENTS IN BEARINGS FOR CAST-IRON ROLLS AND
SHAFTS AND OTHER ROTATING BODIES MADE OF CAST IRON," to be as
follows:-
The object of my Invention is to produce bearings for cast-iron rolls
and shafts and other rotating bodies made of cast iron to be substituted
for the brass or gun metal bearings ordinarily employed for that
purpose.
Cast iron works on bearings made according to my Invention with
great ease and freedom from friction. Bearings made according to my
Invention are also very economical.
In making the said bearings according to my Invention I make them
of steel, the said bearings being by preference cast in the manner herein-
after described.

page_text: In making bearings of cast steel according to my Invention I make
the moulds in which the said bearings are cast of sand in the ordinary
way, excepting that at the bottom of the mould I fix a pattern or facing
made of steel or other metal of a semi-cylindrical figure. In the process
of casting that portion of steel which comes in contact with the said
pattern or facing is suddenly chilled and hardened by contact with the
said pattern or facing. The said hardened part forms the rubbing or
working surface of the bearing, and is so smooth from the casting
process as to require no dressing to render it fit for use. Although I
prefer the use of the said pattern or facing, yet it may be dispensed
with and the mould made wholly of sand. In this case I prefer to
dress or finish the rubbing or working surface of the bearing by filing,
turning, or other like process.
Although I prefer the use of steel without admixture or alloy with
other metal or metals, yet mixtures or alloys consisting mainly or
essentially of steel may be employed in carrying my Invention into
effect.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF VELOCIPEDES
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Isack Stassen at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 8th April 1869.
I, JOHN ISACK STASSEN, of the Euston Road, in the County of Mid-
dlesex, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF VELOCIPEDES," to be as follows:-
My Invention particularly refers to the construction of velocipedes
known as the bicycle or two-wheeled velocipedes, but it is also appli-
cable to velocipedes with more than two wheels. Heretofore the
velocipede has been steered or guided by the fore or leading wheel being
supported in a frame which is free to turn upon a pivot; by this means
the fore or guiding wheel when in certain positions becomes placed or
pressed against the legs of the driver, and in many cases where the
curve is sharp compels him to raise his feet off the cranks.
Now according to my Invention I steer the velocipede by the hind
or rear wheel or wheels and avoid the aforesaid objection. I carry my
Invention into effect in the following manner :-The front or driving
wheel, the shaft of which carries the ordinary cranks, is supported and
free to revolve in bearings formed in the apex of a frame, by preference

page_text: somewhat of a bell-crank shape; the upright rods of this frame embrace
the wheel, and are united at top by a pin and bolts. Through the pin
uniting the frame a vertical rod passes carrying the steering handle; the
lower end of this rod is joined to a yoke, to which rods extending to the
forked frame carrying the rear wheel are attached. The forked frame
is supported at top and free to move in the tail end of the bell-cranked
shaped lever. By moving the steering handle motion is thus given to
the hind wheel, and according to the direction in which the handle is
turned so the velocipede is guided. Sometimes instead of the rods I
place pulleys on the vertical steering rod and the top of the forked
rod supporting the hind wheel, and pass a stiff cord or wire rope round
and so steer with it instead of with the rigid rods.
Im- PROVEMENTS IN GALVANIC BATTERIES
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Smithers at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 2nd July
1869.
I, JOSEPH SMITHERS, of 12, Dawson Street, in the City of Dublin,
Esq, do hereby declare the nature of my said Invention for "Im-
PROVEMENTS IN GALVANIC BATTERIES," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in using chloride of lead either in a fused or
unfused state as the agent for removing the hydrogen from the surface of
the negative element in what are known as constant batteries. The
chloride of lead if fused must be crushed to powder or small pieces.
The chloride of lead must be prevented from touching the positive
element, but must at the same time be moistened by the liquid which
excites the positive element, which may be done by any of the usual
The chloride of lead becomes reduced to the metallic state and
gives up its chlorine to the hydrogen which is evolved at the surface of
the negative element, thus forming hychloric acid. Chloride of ammonium
may be conveniently used as the exciting liquid.
AN IMPROVED RATCHET BRACE COMBINING BORING, TAPPING, SCREWING, AND CUTTING OFF APPARATUS
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Plumb at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 28th
May 1869.
I, CHARLES PLUMB, of 21, Commercial Road, Lambeth, in the County
of Surrey, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "AN IMPROVED RATCHET BRACE COMBINING BORING, TAPPING, SCREWING,
AND CUTTING OFF APPARATUS," to be as follows, that is to say :—
This Invention consists of an improved ratchet brace combining
boring, tapping, screwing, and cutting off apparatus, and is constructed
as follows:-I employ an ordinary handle or lever encircling at-one
extremity a cylindrical head or center piece, upon the exterior of which
is cut a ratchet. Attached to the said handle are two palls taking on to
the opposite sides of the said ratchet, and so arranged that by turning
a cam either can be thrown out of or into gear with the said ratchet,
thus allowing the ratchet brace to be worked in either a forward or
backward direction. The face of the said cylindrical head is provided
with an elongated recess for receiving plates or dies with apertures
formed therein for the insertion of the butt end of the drill, plates with

page_text: different sized apertures being used according to the size of the drill to
be employed. These plates or dies are prevented from falling out of their
places by means of a ring screwed over them on to the face of the said
cylindrical head, or by other suitable means. The screw for setting the
drill up to its work works through a tapped plug, which is inserted into
the circular opening in the back of the said head, and kept in position
by means of a pin or key. For tapping a nut or cutting any internal
screw thread an ordinary tapping tool is substituted for the drill, as
described, and when the said tool has traversed the length of scrow
required to be cut the pall then in gear with the said ratchet is thrown
out, and the pall working on the opposite side of the ratchet is thrown
into gear with it, thus enabling the ratchet brace to be work'd in tho
opposite direction, and by the dies being set up to their work may be
made to cut the screw in the backward as well as the forward motion.
For cutting a screw thread on a bar or tube the said plug is removed,
and for the plate which receives the butt end of the drill or tap aro
substituted ordinary dies, which are kept up to their work work by means
of sett screws, the pipe or tube to be operated upon passing through the
centre of the said cylindrical head. For cutting off tubes or bars a
cutting tool is substituted for the said dies, and the tube or bar to be
cut having been passed through the said cylindrical head to the length
required to be cut off the cutting tool is set up to its work by means of
set scrows and the ratchet brace worked in the usual way.
IMPROVEMENTS IN UTILIZING THE RESIDUAL SULPHATE OF LIME PRODUCED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PHOSPHOROUS
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Jacob Hort Player at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
12th July 1869.
I, JACOB HORT PLAYER, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick,
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of my said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN UTILIZING THE RESIDUAL SULPHATE OF LIME PRODUCED IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF PHOSPHOROUS," to be as follows:-
In the manufacture of phosphorus, bone aslı, or other phosphate of
lime in powder is mixed with dilute sulphuric acid, the said phosphate
of lime is thereby decomposed, a solution of phosphoric acid or acid
phosphate of lime used in the preparation of phosphorus and a residual
sedimentary sulphate of lime being produced. There are but few uses
for the said sulphate of lime, and it consequently possesses but little
commercial value.
The object of my Invention is to utilize the said sulphate by
employing it in the manner herein-after described from the recovery
from "gas liquor" of the ammonia and ammoniacal salts contained
therein.

page_text: According to one of my improvements I take the said residual
sulphate of lime either in the moist state, or after it has been dried, and
mix it with the ammoniacal liquor obtained as a residual product in the
manufacture of coal gas, and after separating the resulting carbonate of
lime and undecomposed sulphate of lime from the liquid I obtain the
sulphate and other non-volatile salts of ammonia left in solution by
evaporating the said solution.
According to another of my improvements I proceed in the manner
already described, excepting that after separating the carbonate and
sulphate of lime, I add to the liquid sufficient sulphuric acid to
neutralize the free ammonia present and to convert into sulphate, of
ammonia the salts of ammonia left undecomposed by the sulphate
of lime; I then evaporate the solution.
According to another of my improvements I effect the combinations
and decompositions herein-before described by mixing with the sedi-
mentary sulphate of lime before adding it to the ammoniacal liquor
the requisite quantity of sulphuric acid, separating the carbonate and
sulphate of lime, and evaporating. Instead of mixing sulphuric acid
with the sulphate of lime the sulphate of protoxide or the sulphate of
peroxide of iron in proper quantity may be added to the sulphate of lime
before its addition to the ammoniacal liquor, the carbonate and sulphate
of lime being separated and the solution evaporated as herein-before
described.
IMPROVED ARRANGEMENTS FOR GIVING MOTION TO WHEELS SPECIALLY APPLICABLE FOR THE PROPULSION OF HAND-POWER CARRIAGES
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Valentine Rumney Batchelor
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 15th May 1869.
I, VALENTINE RUMNEY BATCHELOR, of Marylebone, in the County
of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVED ARRANGEMENTS FOR GIVING MOTION TO WHEELS SPECIALLY APPLICABLE
FOR THE PROPULSION OF HAND-POWER CARRIAGES," to be as follows:-
This Invention has reference to the application of a triangular or
otherwise angled arrangement of rods to the side of each wheel, as, for
instance, by securing the angle to the pin so that such rods may stand
at such distance from the side that they may be used as handles for
imparting rotation to the wheel or wheels in order to effect propulsion of
the hand carriage. Cords, straps, or bands may be used instead of rods,
such cords being connected to the wheel at the angles by rollers or
otherwise; and two wheels may be coupled together one before the
other by means of cords, straps, or bands passing over each triangle or

page_text: angled arrangement, so that both wheels can then be rotated by actuating
the cord, strap, or band connecting such wheels.
Where the Invention is applied to other uses than hand carriages
similar arrangements will be adopted.
IMPROVEMENTS IN FLOORING CRAMPS
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Jonas Woodhead at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 24th March.
1869.
I, JONAS WOODHEAD, of Bradford, in the County of York, Cramp and:
Tool Maker, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN FLOORING CRAMPS," to be as follows:--
This Invention relates to cramps employed in the laying of flooring
boards for pressing them close together or for closing the jointings
thereof before nailing or sccuring them to the joists; and the improve-
ments consist of a screw spindle supported so as to be capable of
sliding endwise, but without turning, in two bearings of a suitably.
formed frame of metal or other material, and betwixt these bearings is
a bevil wheel the boss of which is screwed to fit the spindle. Also a:
bracket is fixed to or formed on the frame supporting a short shaft on
which is a bevil wheel gearing with the other bevil wheel, and to the.
top or out end of this shaft is fitted a lever or winch handle by which
the slide movement is given to the screw spindle. The frame is formed
to rest upon a joist having a ragged flange or toothed jaw parallel to the
spindle to fit the side of the said joist, and also having a moveable

page_text: toothed jaw operated by screw cam or excentric so as to be pressed
against the other side of the joist, and thereby fix the cramp thereon.
The spindle is prevented from turning in its bearings by having a
longitudinal groove cut therein, into which enters a pin or pins
screwed through or into the bearings. A flat, toothed, T, or other formed
part may be formed or fixed on each end of the spindle, so that the
said cramp can be used for both right and left hand.