AN IMPROVED METHOD OF MANUFACTURING 'CUTTERS' FOR CUTTING OUT LEATHER, CARDBOARD, PAPER, TEXTILE FABRICS, METAL, AND OTHER MATERIALS, APPLICABLE ALSO TO THE MANUFACTURE OF SPADES, SHOVELS,PICKS, HOES, PITCHFORKS, AND SIMILAR ARTICLES, AND ALSO TO THE MANUFACTURE OF HANDLES FOR SUCH TOOLS
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Adolpho Deregnaucourt at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
11th May 1872.
I, ADOLPHE DEREGNAUCOURT, of the Firm of Deregnaucourt and
Seiferheld, of Albion Works, Lansdowne Road, Hackney, in the County
of Middlesex, Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "AN IMPROVED METHOD OF MANUFACTURING 'CUTTERS' FOR
CUTTING OUT LEATHER, CARDBOARD, PAPER, TEXTILE FABRICS, METAL, AND OTHER
MATERIALS, APPLICABLE ALSO TO THE MANUFACTURE OF SPADES, SHOVELS, PICKS,
HOES, PITCHFORKS, AND SIMILAR ARTICLES, AND ALSO TO THE MANUFACTURE OF
HANDLES FOR SUCH TOOLS," to be as follows:-
The first part of my Invention relates to the manufacture of the
"cutters" used to cut out pieces at a stroke and to pattern from a sheet
or superposed sheets of leather, cardboard, paper, metal, and other
materials, which cutters are by my method obtained from sheets of
cast steel without a weld being made in any part of the cutter.
The second part of my Invention relates to the manufacture of spades
and other implements of husbandry by the same method as the cutters,

page_text: from other and cheaper metals, if desired.
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My Invention also combines the making of metal handles for certain
tools, always by the same method.
The absence of any weld is, I need scarcely observe, a very important
advantage, it being well known that cast steel welds with great difficulty
and is always likely to break at the joint.
Further, tools made according to my: method have greater strength
and a finer. cutting edge than tools made of steeled iron by ordinary
methods; they are also much lighter.
"
My method of manufacturing "cutters" consists essentially in cutting
out a washer or ring from a plate of cast steel by means of a press or
any suitable mechanism, in bending this washer into a cono upon a
universal mandrel, then making the inner surface of this cone vertical
by pressure in a rolling mill, any desired shape being subsequently
given to the "cutter' on the bickern in the ordinary manner, the
cutting edge set by grindstone and filo, and the cutter being then
tempered. The eye or socket of a spade, hoc, rake, or any similar imple-
ment, and the grip of a spade handle or any similar article, may be made
by the same method, which I will now proceed to more fully set forth,
reference being had to the accompanying five Sheets of Drawing, and to
the figures and letters of reference placed thereon.
To manufacture a "cutter" I cut from a sheet of cast steel the
washer a, a, Figure 1 (Sheet I.), and place this washer upon the universal
mandrel, Figure 2; the matrix or dic, Figure 3, which is brought down
on to the mandrel by a press, or a tilt, or other hammer, changes the
washer, Figure 1, into the cone Figure 4, the upper part ¹ naturally
becoming thinner by this enlargement. To give to the inner surface of
the piece, Figure 4, the upright form requisite in a "cutter," I pass it
to the rolling mill, Figure 5, where the friction roller d, d, exerts a
pressure on the cone, Figure 4, which turns around the cylinder e, e,
while the stop roller f. f. keeps it in its position. Having thus obtained
a ring of cast steel cylindrical in its interior, slightly conical on the
exterior (see Figure 6, Sheet IL), without a weld and with the part g
thinned for a cutting edge, I then give it the required shape; for
example, to the ring, Figure 6, the shape, Figure 7 (Sheet II.), which
represents a "cutter" intended to cut out from a piece of leather at

page_text: one stroke of a press the sole, Figure 8; to obtain this "cutter" I
ovalise the ring, Figure 7, by hammering it on the bickern, I then set
the cutting edge by grindstone and file, and finally I temper the tool.
In the absence of a mandrel as at Fig. 2 (Sheet I.), and of a
rolling mill as at Figure 5. (Sheet I.), I can by the same method obtain
the same result, that is to say, a cast steel "cutter" without weld with
hammer and anvil only, but this will require much more time and labor.
The implements of husbandry, such as spades, shovels, picks, hoes,
pitchforks, and other articles of this kind, which I also make in one
piece of cast steel or any suitable metal without a weld, are manufac-
tured by the same method. I cut out, say of a sheet of cast steel at a
single stroke by means of a cutting-out tool, say by a "cutter" made as
above described, the piece, Figure 9, (Sheet III.), and I complete the
shape of the implement in three strokes on the matrices Figures 10, 11,
and 12 with the mandrels Figures 13, 14, and 15. After bringing it to
a red heat I place the part of the piece, Figure 9, on the first matrix 10,
the corresponding mandrel, Figure 18, being brought down into this
latter by the press or stamper changes the part into the piece K
(shown in section). I then pass the piece K to the second matrix,
Figure 11, with mandrel, Figure 14, the object of which is to lengthen
the eye K commenced in the first matrix, and to contract its upper part.
I then pass the piece K on to the last matrix, Figure 12, which is
provided with a groove I, and its mandrel with a rib or ridge m, to finish
the implement Figure 9*, by giving to it at the same time a rib n of
any desired shape; the implement being then passed to the grindstone
where the bottom o is ground out and the cutting edge of the tool
sharpened, the tool is then tempered and ready for its handle.
The Figures on Sheet IV. illustrate the manufacture of a pickaxe,
Figure 16, the piece cut from the sheet of cast steel, Figures 17, 18, and
19, the three matrices, Figures 20, 21, and 22, the three corre-
sponding mandrels, and Figures 23 and 24 the finished pick with its.
ends beaten out.
To cheapen while giving greater strength to the handles of spades,
shovels, and-similar articles, the wooden grip of which is usually of one
piece with the stem, I use only a straight wooden handle, as shown,
Figure 25 (Sheet V.), and upon this I fit a cap with stamped out socket,
as at Figure 26, obtaining this piece also without a weld by cutting out
from a sheet of cast steel the piece, Figure 27, which I pass'successively

page_text: to the three matrices 28, 29, and 30, and mandrels 31, 32, and 33,
stamping it out like the picks in the centre. I finish the grip by
uniting the two ends o, o, of the cap by a cross pin, which I cover with
a wooden tube p.