An Improved Means of Spraying Liquids.
Year: 1899

page_text: An Improved Means of Spraying Liquids.
-1, JAMES KING, of White Horse Yard, Lower North Street, Poplar, London,
E., Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
My invention consists of a combined liquid and air pump for projecting and
spraying liquids, particularly disinfecting liquids, the object of the invention
being to provide a means whereby the force by which the liquid is impelled,
and consequently the distance to which it may be projected, is quite independent
of the air pressure used, the air being only employed to break up or pulverize,
and not to impel, the liquid jet. With this object I provide a pair of single
or double acting pumps arranged with their cylinders in line or parallel to
each other and side by side or otherwise and whose plungers are connected to
a common crosshead worked by a hand or foot lever so as to be operated simul-
taneously. The pumps are mounted upon a portable stand and their deliveries
are through separate tubes joining only at the spraying nozzle which may be so
constructed that the air and liquid will be projected through concentric orifices
so that the air will be imprisoned in, and carried along with, the liquid vein
projected from the nozzle so as in escaping therefrom to break up or pulverize
the liquid. Or the air and liquid may be projected through separate nozzles
arranged externally of one another, and converging so as to meet at, or close to,
their common point of emission, the bore of each nozzle at this point being
approximately equal to the area of the common emission orifice.
The relative capacities of the air and liquid cylinders would be such that the
thorough penetration of the liquid by the air will be ensured, the air cylinder
being for this purpose made preferably of considerably larger capacity than the,
other,
As the velocity at which liquid is projected is not dependent on the air pressure
the projection of the aerated liquid takes place immediately the pumps are set
to work whereas in other apparatus where the projection of the liquid is dependent
on the air pressure it is necessary to first generate sufficient air pressure in order
to project the liquid to the required point.
Dad thi. 154k Ja of Cantambo 1900
An Improved Means of Spraying Liquids.
I, JAMES KING, of White Horse Yard, Lower North Street, Poplar, London,
E., Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner
Price 8d.]

page_text: the same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement:-
My invention relates to means for spraying liquids, particularly disinfectant
liquids, and has for object to provide apparatus whereby a jet of liquid may be
broken up into fine spray by the action of compressed air and propelled with an
impetus and to a distance which are not dependent upon the air pressure used to
pulverize the jet. To this end the invention consists essentially in the com-
bination of separate pumps, the one for the liquid and the other for the air, and
a discharge nozzle connected to the deliveries of both pumps and so formed as
to cause the separated streams of liquid and compressed air ejected by the pumps
to unite immediately before their discharge into the atmosphere; the effect
of the arrangement being that the liquid is propelled by the direct application
thereto of mechanical power independently of the pressure of the compressed air,
which latter is used merely to pulverize the liquid issuing from the nozzle.
Reference is to be had to the accompanying drawing forming part of this
specification which shews an outside elevation (partly sectional) of a portable
form of apparatus adapted to carry my invention into practice.
A and B are the cylinders of a pair of double acting pumps arranged vertically
side by side and having their pistons a, b connected by the piston rods a b¹ to a
single crosshead c attached to a hand lever D) whereby the pumps are operated
simultaneously, the lever D being fulcrumed upon a link d pivoted to the frame
at e. The pumps, whereof the one having the cylinder A of smaller diameter
is for liquid and the other having the cylinder B of larger diameter is for air,
are mounted upon a portable stand consisting of a sole plate el and upright legs E,
the pumps discharging through separate hose pipes, the pump A through a hose I'
and the pump B through a hose G, which are respectively coupled to the delivery
branches and I
of the pumps, whose upper and lower delivery valve boxes f¹ f³,
and g g2 are connected by the passages f3 and respectively. The two hose
unite in a common channel only at the spraying nozzle H, which is formed by
two pipes F1 and G¹ fixed side by side and connected respectively to the hose
pipes F and G, the pipes F and G¹ converging near their conimon emission
orifice h which is of fine bore, the diameter of each pipe F and G₁ being gradually
reduced as it approaches the point of convergence at which point both pipes are
of a bore approximately equal to that of the orifice h. The nozzle H (a portiou
of which is broken out in the drawing) would be of such a length as to be capable
of being readily handled for the purpose of aiming the jet of spray correctly.
J is a vessel to contain the liquid to be sprayed, carried by the sole plate e
of the stand, a flexible tube k being attached to the suction of the pump A. and
dipping into the vessel. A regulating cock or valve K would preferably be placed
on the suction pipe as indicated.
Either or both of the pumps, but if only one of them then preferably the water
pump, might be single acting instead of double acting as shewn. The number
of pumps both for air and liquid might also be increased and in some cases (as
for example in larger installations wherein jets of considerable volume are
required, or where several jets are supplied from a single set of pumps) it might
be advantageous to provide an air vessel on the water pump delivery pipe, and
a reservoir for compressed air on the air pump delivery pipe so as to ensure
uniformity of pressure and steadiness in the jet or jets delivered. It will also
be obvious that the cylinders of the two pumps might be differently arranged,
as for example in axial alignment with one another, the pistons being mounted
on a common piston rod. The pumps might also be actuated by a treadle instead
of by a hand-lever, or by means of a crank shaft driven by hand or power. Any
such variations in the arrangements of the mechanical details of the apparatus
do not however affect the scope of my invention and it is to be observed that an
apparatus arranged substantially as illustrated in the drawing has been found

page_text: well suited for use in circumstances such as those wherein a light, handy, and
portable apparatus is required for the purpose of spraying disinfectants.
In every case the relative capacities of the air and liquid pumps would be
such as to ensure the thorough breaking up of the liquid jet by the compressed
air, the air pump being for this purpose made preferably of considerably larger
capacity (or being worked at a higher speed) than the other.
As the velocity at which the liquid is raised and propelled and the distance to
which the jet is carried are independent of the air pressure, the projection of
the aerated spray to the full distance which it is capable of reaching takes place
immediately the pumps are set to work whereas in other apparatus where the
projection of the liquid is dependent on the air pressure it is necessary to first
accumulate and afterwards maintain an air pressure sufficient to effect the pro-
jection of the liquid to the required, distance.
My apparatus, although primarily designed for distributing disinfectant liquids,
may also be employed with advantage for other purposes as for example for
spraying water, insecticide liquids, and the like in greenhouses, gardens and
orchards. The apparatus is also well adapted for use, with suitable liquids, as a
fire extinguisher, on account of the promptitude with which the jet is projected
on starting the pump, the range and penetrative power of the jet in proportion
to the force expended, and the thorough dissemination of the active material
throughout the space into which the spray is thrown.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim is:-
1. Apparatus for projecting liquids in the form of spray, consisting essentially
of two separate force pumps worked conjointly, the one to propel the liquid and
the other to compress the air, and a discharge nozzle to which the deliveries of
the pumps are connected, the nozzle being so formed as to cause the separate
streams of liquid and of compressed air ejected by the pumps to meet immediately
before emission, the relative capacities of the pumps and the construction of the
discharge nozzle being such that the liquid becomes pulverized by the action of
the compressed air and is projected from the nozzle in the form of fine spray,
substantially as specified.
2. The herein described portable apparatus for spraying liquids consisting of
two separate force pumps, the one to propel the liquid and the other to compress
air, mounted side by side upon a stand, a hand lever connected to the plungers of
the pumps for operating the same simultaneously, a vessel for the liquid to be
sprayed, independent delivery hose for the two pumps, and a discharge nozzle
common to both delivery hose, the relative capacities of the pumps and the
construction of the discharge nozzle being such that the liquid becomes pulverized
by the action of the compressed air and is projected from the nozzle in the form
of fine spray as specified."
Dated thioeth dow of A 1000
A. M. & WM. CLARK,
Chartered Patent Agents, 53, Chancery Lane, London.