Year: 1888

page_text: Date of Application, 29th June, 1838
Complete Specification Left, 28th Mar., 1889
Complete Specification Accepted, 11th May, 1889
We, JOHN KIPPAX of Bridge Street Mill, Bolton, Manufacturer, and WILLIAM
BRIGGS of 71 Cannon Street, Manchester, Merchant, both in the County of Lancaster,
do hereby declare the nature of our said invention to be as follows:-
This invention relates to a hygienic serviette or sanitary napkin suitable for the use
of females and is designed to absorb the menses or other flowing matter without
causing inconvenience or impending the movements or walking and to admit of
beneficial ventilation.
This hygienic serviette or sanitary napkin is woven in an ordinary loom with one
or more shuttles as desired; and for manipulating the warp ends either healds, or
what are known as couplings or threads from a jacquard or other machine can be
employed. The "weft" is woven in as desired to form the shape or make of the
serviette or napkin.
The serviette or napkin can be of any suitable or desired shape or form which by
preference we make as follows:-At each side of the loom to form the ends of the
serviette or napkin we weave either one or more spaces of double cloth, say about one
inch wide each to receive a tape or band for going round the body to keep the
serviette or napkin in position; also about seven inches long or other suitable distance
of a light or other cloth next to the double cloth at each side to connect the double
cloths with the middle portion. For weaving the middle portion, which may be of
any suitable length, say from ten to fourteen inches or any other dimensions, we so
manipulate the warp ends and weft as to make any number of cloths under or over
each other to form the thickness required to absorb the flowing matter. To weave the
middle, which is the principal portion of the serviette or napkin, we may use more
warp ends in the same given space than the sides to form the requisite number of
cloths in the middle and not at the ends.
The weft when not making the side cloths floats under and over the side cloth and
catches only in the middle part and so allows with the warp ends and the weft that
catches only in the middle to make any number of cloths in the middle part of the
serviette or napkin and keep the sides any thickness of cloth as may be desired

page_text: weaving the required distance or with for a serviette or napkin we may or
may not employ the warp en is and weft to fasten the suveral cloths together in the
middle part. After weaving in the above manner a continuous cloth it is then cut up
into the widths that may be required to form a serviette or mapkin, say from three to
six inches and is then a serviette or napkin ready for use without any making whatever,
thus supplying the public with a long felt want that is ready for use without preparation
and at such a price that it will place it within the reach of evory class.
In another modification of this invention the ends of the serviette or napkin are
woven as above, but for the middle portion we employ two shuttles, one with fino
weft and one with coarse weft; the fine waft we use along with a portion of the
warp ends to make two fine cloths, one for the top side and one for the bottom side
in the form of a sack.
The coarse weft with a portion of the warp ends are used for stuffing between
the two fine cloths or sacking. The roving weft is floated under or over the side
cloths at each side and is catched only between the two fine cloths or sacking in the middle
part of the serviette or napkin. When the required size of the serviette or napkin is
formed the two fine cloths are bound together for a fow picks, thus placing the
roving or stuffing weft inside the two fine cloths or sacking, which completes the
serviette or napkin and when cut off is ready for use.
In another modification the sides are woven as before described and for the middle
part two fine cloths are woven in the form of a sack with one or both ends left
opon,
or the sack part may be woven without opening or openings and cut open where
considered best to allow of the sack being filled with suitable absorbent material.
If desired the middle or sack portion and the ends may be made in single parts, the
serviette or napkin being formed by stitching them together.
if
"
In another modification the middle part or portion of the serviette or napkin is
woven, say, from eight to fourteen inches wide or any other dimensions, of any
suitable cloth that will absorb readily, as for instance what is known as terry
cloth. The “terry" may be woven on one or on both sides of the cloth or part on
one side and the remaining part or both sides as may be desired. On each side of
the middle part or portion of the serviette or napkin, say from six to ten inches wide
or any other dimensions, is woven a thin plain cloth in any suitable manner with or
without the double cloth at the ends for putting the tape or band through. For
forming the shapo of the serviette or napkin the middle and side portions are woven
together as above, say from two to four inches of cloth or any other dimensions, after
which the middle portion is woven only for six to nine inches long. When weaving
the middle portion and not the sides the warp ends for forming the thin cloth at the sides
are arranged to allow the weft to catch only in the middle part and so allow of any
length of the middle cloth being woven without the side cloth or connect the sido
cloth with the middle cloth when desired. The serviette or napkin is formed as
follows: The middle and side cloths are woven together say from two to four
inches or any other dimensions; the middle cloth is then woven without the side
cloth say from six to nine inches or any other dimensions and so continued. The
floating ends at the sides when cloth is not being woven are cut off. It will be seen
from the above that the cloth is longer in the middle than the sides, and when cut up
the extra cloth in the middle is folded in layers one over the other by the wearer or
others to form a thick part in the middle for absorbing; the sides being thin cloth
for connecting the middle portion of the servietto or napkin with a tape or band that
goes round the body of the wearer. If desired the sides of thin cloth can be formed
on one side of the middle portion of the serviatie or napkin.
33
In another modification the centro portion of the serviette or napkin is made in the
form of a Lube by either weaving or stitching or other means, and may be of "terry'
cloth or of any other suitable cloth say from two to four inches wide or any other
dimensions as desired, and eight to fourteen inches long or of any other dimensious
requisite. The cloth tube may he formed of one, two, or more cloths and left open
at each end. A separate band is made to pass through the said centre tube and is
provided with small tubes or otherwise at each end for putting a iape through for

page_text: fastening it round the body, which band may be made of any texture of cloth most
suitable for the purpose. The centre portion of the band may be made thicker than
the sides to assist the centre tube to absorb. The band is put through the tube of
cloth and when in the desired position may be fastened or otherwise. The advantage
of this napkin is that the band can be pulled out of the centre tube thus making it
easier to wash and less objectionable to the sight.
In another modification a suitable cloth may be made as desired and wrapped round
what is known as the band to form the thickness required in the centre for absorbing
purposes, or other suitable cloths may be cut to the size required for the centre part
and fastened to the band in any convenient manner. If desired the centre part of the
band may be woven or provided with one or more cloths to produce a thick part to
facilitate absorption, and may be used as a napkin with or without the centre tube of
" terry" or other cloth.
For fastening the servietto or napkin to the body of the wearer we weave or make
a separate band or waist belt, which may be provided with suitable fastenings or
attachments for securing the serviette or napkin thereto; the latter being provided
at one or both ends with a loop or loops to admit the said fastenings or vice-versa.
This separate waist band allows of the serviette or napkin being adjusted to the size
of the wearer, at the same time allowing the fastenings to give and take according
to the movements of the body without disturbing the position of the serviotle or
napkin.

page_text: We, JOHN KIPPAX of Bridge Street Mill, Bolton, Manufacturer, and WILLIAM
BRIGGS of 71 Cannon Street, Manchester, Merchant, both in the County of
Lancaster, do hereby declare the nature of our said invention and in what manner
the same is to ho performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement :-
This invention relates to a hygienic serviette or sanitary napkin suitable for the
use of females and is designed to absorb the menses or other flowing matter without
causing inconvenience or impeding the movements or walking and to admit of
beneficial ventilation.
This hygienic sorviette or sanitary napkin is woven in an ordinary loom with one
or more shuttles as desired; and for manipulating the warp ands either healds, or
what are known as couplings or threads from a jacquard or other machine can be
employed. The "weft" is woven in as desired to form the shape or make of the
serviette or napkin. The serviette or napkin can be of any suitable or desired shape
or forin which by preference we make as follows:-At each side of the loom to form
the ends of the serviette or napkin wo weave either one or more spaces of double
cloth, say about one inch wide each to receive a tape or band for going round the
body to keep the serviette or napkin in position; also about seven inches long or
other suitable distance of a light or other cloth next to the double cloth at each side
to connect the double cloths with the middle portion. For weaving the middle
portion, which may be of any suitable length, say from ten to fourteen inches, or
any other dimensions, we so manipulate the warp ends and weft us to make any
number of cloths under or over each other to form the thickness required to absorb
the flowing matter. To weave the middle, which is the principal portion of the
serviette or napkin, we may use more warp ends in the same given space than the
sides to form the requisito number of cloths in the middle and not at the ends. The
weft when not making the side cloths floats under or over the side cloth and catches
only in the middle part and so allows with the warp ends and the weft that catches
only in the middle to make any number of cloths in the middle part of the servietto
or napkin and keep the sides any thickness of cloth as may be desired. After
weaving the required distance or width for a serviette or napkin we may or may not
employ the warp ends and weft to fasten the soveral eloths together in the middle
part. After weaving in the above manner a continuous cloth it is then cut up into
the widths that may be required to form a servietto or napkin, say, from three to six
inches and is then a servicite or napkin ready for use without any making whatever,
thus supplying the public with a long felt want, that is, ready for use without
preparation and at such a price that will place it within the reach of every class.
In another modification of this invention the ends of the serviette or napkin are
woven as above, but for the middle portion we employ two shuttles, one with fine
weft and one with coarse weft; the line weft we use along with a portion of tho

page_text: warp ends to make two fine cloths; one for the top side and one for the bottom side
in the form of a sack. The coarse weft with a portion of the warp ends are used for
stuffing between the two fine cloths or sacking. The roving weft is floated under or
over the side cloths at each side and is catched only between the two fine cloths or
sacking in the middle part of the serviette or napkin. When the required size of
the serviette or napkin is formed the two fine cloths are bound together for a few
picks, thus placing the roving or stuffing weft inside the two fine cloths or sacking,
which completes the serviette or napkin, and when cut off is ready for use.
In another modification the sides are woven as before described and for the middle
part two fine cloths are woven in the form of a sack with one or both ends left open,
or the sack part may he woven without opening or openings and cut open where
considered best to allow of the sack being filled with suitable absorbent material.
If desired the middle or sack portion and the ends may be made in single parts,
the serviette or napkin being formed by stitching them together.
.1
In another modification the middle part or portion of the servietto or napkin is
woven, say, from eight to fourteen inches wide or any other dimensions, of any
suitable cloth that will absorb readily, as for instance what is known as "terry
cloth. The terry" may be woven on one or on both sides of the cloth or part on
one side and the remaining part or both sides as may be desired. On each side of
the middle part or portion of the serviette or napkin, say from six to ten inches
wide or any other dimensions, is woven a thin plain cloth in any suitable manner
with or without the double cloth at the ends for putting the tape or band through.
For forming the shape of the serviette or napkin the middle and side portions are
woven together as above, say from two to four inches of cloth or any other dimensions,
after which the middle portion is woven only for six to nine inches long. When
weaving the middle portion and not the sides the warp ends for forming the thin
cloth at the sides are arranged to allow the weft to catch only in the middle part and
so allow of any length of the middle cloth being woven without the side cloth or
connect the side cloth with the middle cloth when desired. The serviette or napkin is
formed as follows:-The middle and side cloths are woven together say from two to
four inches or any other dimensions; the middle cloth is then woven without the
side cloth say from six to nine inches or any other dimensions, and so continued.
The floating ends at the sides when cloth is not being woven are cut off. It will be
seen from the above that the cloth is longer in the middle than the sides, and when
cut up the extra cloth in the middle is floated in layers one over the other by the
weaver or others to form a thick part in the middle for absorbing; the sides being
thin cloth for connecting the middle portion of the serviette or napkin with a tape or
band that goes round the body of the wearer. If desired the sides of thin cloth can
be formed on one side of the middle portion of the serviette or napkin.
In another modification the centre portion of the serviette or napkin is made in
the form of a tube by either weaving or stitching or other means, and may be of
terrycloth or of any other suitable cloth say from two to four inches wide or
any other dimensions as desired, and eight to fourteen inches long or of any other
dimensions requisite. The cloth tube may be formed of one, two, or more cloths
and left open at each end. A separate band is made to pass through the said centre
tube and is provided with small tubes or otherwise at each end for putting a tape
through for fastening it round the body, which band may be made of any texture
of cloth most suitable for the purpose. The centre portion of the band may be made
thicker than the sides to assist the centre tube to absorb. The band is put through
the tube of cloth and when in the desired position may be fastened or otherwise. The
advantage of this napkin is that the band can be pulled out of the centre tube thus
making it easier to wash and less objectionable to the sight.
In another modification a suitable cloth may be made as desired and wrapped
round what is known as the band to form the thickness required in the centre for
absorbing purposes, or other suitable cloths may be cut to the size required for the
centre part and fastened to the band in any convenient manner. If desired the centre
part of the band may be woven or provided with one or more cloths to produce a

page_text: thick part to facilitate absorption, and may be used as a napkin with or without the
centre tube of "terry or other cloth.
For fastening the serviette or napkin to the body of the wearer wo weave or maks
a separate band or waist belt, which may be provided with suitable fastenings or
attachments for securing the serviette or napkin thereto; the latter being provided
at one or both ends with a loop or loops to limit the said fastenings or rire-versa.
This separate waist band allows of the serviette or napkin being adjusted to the size
of the wearer, at the same time allowing the fastenings to give and take according to
the movements of the boly without disturbing the position of the serviette or
napkin.
-
In all the figures the same letters are used to indicate corresponding parts.
Fig. 1 of the accompanying drawings is a front view, and
Fig. 2 an end view of a hygienic serviette or sanitary mapkin made according to
one modification of our invention.
This hygienic serviette or sanitary napkin is composed of the band A of light or
other cloth with the spaces or loops B formed in the saine for the purpose of receiving
or admitting of a tape or land to be tied round the body of the wearer to keep the
serviette or napkin in position. The centre portion C is composed of one or more
porous or absorbent cloths to form the requisite thickness to absorb the flowing
matter: the same being performed by manipulating the warp ends and weft in the
usual manner as set forth in the preceding part of this specification, or others well
known in the art of weaving, to produce any desired number of cloths under or over
each other as shown in Figs. 2 and 8; the latter being a section through line A'B'
in Fig. 2. The cloth comprising the middle portion C with the band A nad loops B
can be woven in a continuous length either lengthway or crossway of the loom,
after which it is cut into widths necessary to form the serviette or napkin.
Fig. is a front view, and Fig. 5 an ond view of a modification of our invention.
In this modification the band A with the loops B is similar to that described and
shown in Figs. 1 and 2. The middle portion is woven by means of two shuttles,
one hoing suppliel with fine weft and one with coarse weft; the fine weft and a
portion of the warp ends are employed to make the two fine or outer cloths in the
form of a sack. The inside of the sack or middle portion is provided with stuffing
composed of course welt supplied by the coarse weft shurtle and a portion of the
warp threads as shown in Fig. 6, which is a section through line C D in Fig. 5.
The coarse or roving weft is floated under or over the cloths at each side and is caught
only between the two fino eloths forming tho sack or middle part C. When tho
required size of the serviette or napkin is formed the two fine cloths forming the
snck or middle part are bound together for a few picks, by which the roving or
stuffing weft is placed inside the two fine cloths or sacking.
Fig. 7 is a front view, and Fig. 8 an end view of a modification of our invention.
To the hand A with the loops B is woven the middle portion C composed of two
fine cloths in the form of a suck with one or both ends left open for the purpose of
filling the same with suitable absorbent material, after which the said end or ends are
closed by stitching. If desired the sack or middle portion (can be woven without
opening or openings, after which it can he cut open where considered best for the
purpose of filling or stuffing it with absorbent material, such as, roving weft, wool,
blotting or other paper wool, and other suitable materials. If desired the middle or
sack portion and the band A with the loops B can be made in single parts, the
serviette or napkin being formed by stitching them together as shown in Figs. 9!
and 10, which are front and end views respectively.
Fig. 11 is a front view of another modification of our invention wheroin the
middle part or portion is woven to any desired width of "terry
" or other suitable
cloth. The "terry" may be woven on one or on both sides of the portion C, or on
one side only, the remaining part or both sides as may be desired. On each side of
the portion () is woven the plain cloth forming the band A with the loops B as before

page_text: described. If desired the band A can be made plain without the loops B. the same
being supplied with any suitable means for securing it to the body of the wearer.
Before using the serviette or napkin the terryportion C is folded to form a
thick part as in Fig. 12, of which Fig. 18 is a section through line Et F in Fig. 12.
Fig. 14 is a front view of this serviette or napkin with the band A woven on one
side or edge of the "terry" cloth or other absorbing portion (. In this case the
centre portion C is wrapped or folded round the portion forming the centre of the
band A.
Fig. 15 is a front view of our invention wherein the centre portion C is made in
the form of a tube by either weaving or stitching, or other means, and may be of
" terry" or other suitable cloth. The cloth tube C may be formed of one, two, or
more cloths left open at each end to allow of the band A being passed through as
shown in Fig. 16; the latter being a section through line G H in Fig. 15. The
band A-although not shown-is provided with the loops B as before described.
The centre portion of the band A on which the tube sits can be made of thicker
cloth than the portion outside the same to enable the centre portion to assist the
centre tuhe C to absorb. After the band A has been passed through the tube C, the
latter can be loose or fastened by stitching as desired.
Fig. 17 is a front view of a modification wherein the centre portion or absorbing
cloth or cloths C can be woven in a loose piece, square or otherwise, and wrapped or
folded round the band A as shown in Fig. 18. The centre portion of the absorbing
cloth or cloths can be dispensed with in which case the band A with the loops B is
woven in such a manner as to form a thick part of one or more cloths as shown in
Fig. 19, and may be used as a serviette or napkin with or without the centre tube of
terry" or other cloth.
"
Fig. 20 is a side view, and Fig. 21 an end view of a separate band or waist belt
for fastening the serviette or napkin to the body of the wearer. S is the band or
belt of any suitable fabric provided with the fastenings T for securing it round the
waist of the wearer. To the band S are secured the fastenings or "tabs" V to
which the tapes passed through the loops B in the band A of the serviette or napkin
are secured.
The whole of the various kinds of serviette or napkin herein set forth after being
used can be washed and re-used. In the case of the stuffed one shown in Figs. 7, 8,
and 9 the loose stuffing is removed to allow of the band and sack being washed, after
which it can be re-stuffed as desired.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said
Invention and in what manner the same is to be performed we declare that what
we claim is
1. The serviette or napkin consisting of the band A with the loops B and the
centre piece C composed of one or more porous or absorbent, cloths, the whole being
woven in one piece in a loom, substantially as described and as shown on the drawings
in Figs. 1, 2, & 3.
2. The serviette or napkin consisting of the band A with the loops B and the
centre piece C composed of two cloths in the form of a sack stuffed with coarse or
roving weft and warp threads during the process of being woven in one piece in a
loom, substantially as described and as shown on the drawings on Figs. 4, 5, and 6.
3. The serviette or napkin consisting of the band A with the loops B and the
centre piece composed of two cloths in the form of a sack woven in one piece in a
loom with one or both ends left open to allow of stuffing with suitable absorbent
material or materials, which are secured therein by closing the open end or ends or
other opening or openings of the sack by stitching, substantially as described and as
shown on the drawings in Figs. 7 and 8.
U
4. The serviette or napkin consisting of the band A with the loops B and the
centre piece C composed of two cloths in the form of a sack with closed ends woven
in one piece in a loom, the said sack being cut open to admit of any suitable stuffing,
and secured therein by closing the opening by stitching, substantially as described.

page_text: 5. The serviette or napkin consisting of the separate parts forming the band A
with the loops B, and the centro piece (composed of two cloths woven in the form
of a sack and stuffed with absorbent material; the said serviette or napkin being
formed by stitching the parts together, substantially as doscribed and as shown on
the drawings in Figs. 9 and 10.
"
6. The serviette or napkin consisting of the band A, with or without the loops B,
and the centre piece composed of "terry" or other suitable cloth woven in one
picca in a loom, of such a width as to allow of the "terry" or other cloth being
wrapped or folled round or over the middle portion in line with the band A,
substantially as described and as shown on the drawings in Figs. 11, 12, 13,
and 14.
"
7. The serviette or napkin consisting of the band A with the loops B woven in
one piece in a loom; the tube of one or more layers of "terry or other cloth
forming the centre piece C, the latter being placed on the said band, substantially as
described and as shown on the drawings in Figs. 15 and 16.
S. The serviette or napkin consisting of the band A with the loops B woven in one
piece in a loom, and the centre piece (composed of one or more cloths wovon in
one piece of such a width as to allow of the same being wrapped or folded round the
band A. ubstantially as described and as shown on the drawings in Figs. 17 and 18.
9. The serviette or napkin consisting of the band A with the loops B and the
centre piece or portion composed of a thick porous or absorbent cloth, the whole
being woven in one piece in a loom, substantially as described and as shown on the
drawings in Fig. 19.
Dated the 22nd March 1889.