Improvements in Speed Regulators for Steam Engines.
Year: 1897

page_text: Date of Application, 24th Aug., 1897-Accepted, 13th Nov., 1897
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Speed Regulators for Steam Engines.
RICHARD WILBY Exchange Buildings Marsh Huddersfield Mill Manager
do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is
to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement:-
-
The object of the first part of this invention is to ensure a more uniform
speed to steam engines by supplementing the action of the centrifugal governors
by a ratchet mechanism which automatically alters the length of the connections
between the centrifugal governors and the steam supply valves or operates the
cut off as the load on the engine or the steam pressure in the boilers vary thereby
automatically causing the engine to keep its normal speed with the regulating
valves or the cut-off valves in different positions and the aim of the first part
of this my present invention is to effect the above object by a simple, sensitive,
and positive mechanism actuated by the engine itself, but controlled in its action
by the centrifugal governors, the mechanism being designed to turn in both the
forward, and backward strokes of its pawl frame, and also to turn said ratchet
wheels an amount at each stroke, which is in proportion to the distance that
the centrifugal governors are at that instant revolving from their normal height,
or to put it plainer, for small changes made in the speed of the engine, this
regulator is designed to operate the ratchet wheels only one tooth per stroke,
for great changes, the whole length of the stroke (say five teeth), while for inter-
mediate changes in the speed, it is designed so that it will turn two, three, or four
teeth per stroke, according to the magnitude of the change in the speed, turning
less, and less each stroke, as the normal speed is approached, and ceasing action
altogether simultaneously with the governors attaining their normal height.
This speed regulator is also designed to automatically suspend its own action
in the steaming direction, whenever it shall have opened the valves to full, or
shall have retarded the cut-off to its limit, in order that the mechanism shall
not be in danger of damaging the parts, or jamming the valves, should the steam
pressure in the boilers happen at any time to fall below that which is necessary
to drive the engine at its normal speed.
The annexed drawings serve to illustrate my invention, wherein Fig. 1 is a
plan view of the above double acting, and variable stroke speed regulator.
Fig. 2 is a sectional elevation of same, the planes of the section being indi-
cated by the letters X, Y, & Z, in Fig. 1. Fig. 2 is a side elevation of the lever 11
Fig. 1 at right angles to Fig. 2, showing its supports, and fittings. Fig. 3 is a
side elevation of one of the pawls of my mechanism.
Figs. 4, 5, 6 relate to improvements on a former patent for a steam engine
speed regulator, which was granted to me bearing date November 9th 1SS6 and
numbered 14431.
I will first describe my new variable stroke double acting speed regulator, and
fully explain its action when working on an engine; and afterwards, describe tha
improvements on the above Patent 1443186

page_text: The means and method I employ to convey the up, and down, or to, and fro
motion of the governor connections to the oscillating pawls of my variable stroke,
double acting ratchet mechanism shown in Figs. 1, 2 & 24, contain most of the
new features of my invention, and these parts are fully described, and shown, and
are carefully defined in my claims.
Referring to Figs. 1 & 2 in the drawings; 1, 1, 1 is the frame or stand for
the regulator, on which stand the shaft 2 is rotatively mounted. 3 & 3' are two
pairs of ratchet wheels, the teeth in the separate wheels of each pair being made
to face in opposite directions. One of the pairs say pair 3 is fixed to the shaft 2
while the other pair rotate loosely on said shaft, but are fixed to each other.
41 44 are bevel teeth integral with the ratchet wheels as shown in
Figs. 1 and 2; and 4 is a small bevel wheel which gears with these two sets
of bevel teeth 4' 4'. The bevel wheel 4 is mounted on a stud 4" which stud is
fixed in the pillar 10 Fig. 2, the pillar being preferably made integral with the
base of the stand 1 as shewn. This arrangement of bevel gear causes the loose
pair of ratchet wheels to revolve on the shaft 2 in the contrary direction to
the pair which is fixed to the shaft; and it enables me with the use of another
pair of pawls 6' to make available the return stroke of the pawl frame 5 and so
make the regulator double acting.
The rocking frame 5 5 whose two arms are made integral by the cross bar 51
is loosely hung on the shaft 2 as shown in Fig. 1 so as to be capable of oscillating 6
or 8 degrees of arc on either side of the horizontal position, and to give the
frame 5 this oscillatory motion, it is coupled by the short link 5 to some
reciprocating part of the engine. To do this so as to get the proper amplitude
of motion for the frame, is within the skill of any ordinary skilled mechanic, and
therefore need not be shown.
66 are two pairs of pawls which are loosely mounted on the pawl spindle 6
the spindle being kept in place by a setscrew on the underside of rocking frame 5
which setscrew is not seen in the drawings. The two upper pawls are gravity
pawls, while the two lower pawls are kept pressed upwards by the springs 77
arranged as shewn in plan in Fig. 1, and in elevation in Fig. 2. A side elevation
of one of the pawls of my mechanisin is shewn by itself in Fig. 3. 17 Fig. 1,
is a crown wheel fixed on the end of the regulator shaft 2 and 17' is a pinion
wheel which gears with this crown wheel, the pinion wheel working in a collar
neck, which is fixed to the end of the stand 1 of the regulator, but which neck
is not shewn in the drawings. The pinion wheel 17 is bored as shewn in Fig. 1,
to take the long sleeve like nut 16 Fig. 2 of the governor connections, which
nut 16 is provided with the ordinary right, and left hand threads, so that when
the nut is rotated, it alters the length of the governor connections 15. This long
nut must be provided with a feather, or sunken key, so as to engage in the
keyway provided for it in the pinion wheel 17 Fig. 1 the keyway, and long
feather, compelling the long nut 16 to revolve with the pinion wheel 17' when
the regulator is in action, while allowing said nut freedom of motion lengthwise.
The manner of coupling the oscillating pawls 6 G₁ to the governor connec-
tions 15 Fig. 2 so as to cause this speed regulator to automatically rotate the long
nut 16 in the required direction, whenever the speed of the engine departs from
the normal, is as follows:-Each of the four pawls is provided with a slotted
lug as seen in elevation in Fig. 3. 8 8 8 Fig. 1 are two pawl operators in
the shape of L-levers with very long axes 8. These two L levers are mounted
on the pawl frame as shown in Figs. 1, and 2, under the lug 5" and crossbar 51
so as to be capable of oscillating on their axes 8 8. They are preferably made
of one integral piece of round steel, about a quarter of an inch thick. As will
be seen in Fig. I one of the horizontal arms 8 is cranked over the axis of the
other arm, and is then bent a second time, so as to get it into the same plane
as the other arm. These arms 811 811 pass respectively through the slots provided
in all the four pawls (See Fig. 3), while the upright arms 8' 8' rise vertically over
the centre of the regulator shaft 2 when the pawl frame 5 5 is in the horizontal

page_text: position. Between the two arms 8' 8' is a steel cone (or a flat piece of steel
in the shape of the section of a cone cut from the middle and parallel to its axis
would serve equally as well) which cone is mounted on the short upright arm 91
Fig. 2 which is integral with a second bearing 9 of the lever 11 which
bearing 9 and arm 911 are made integral with the lever 11 by the joining
piece 9 Fig. 1. The lever 11 is pivoted on the long axial stud 11" which stud
passes through the pillar 10 and is fixed in said pillar by the setscrew 101 as
shewn in Fig. 2 & 2. The motion of the lever 11 and its mounted cone 9 on
their common axial stud 11" is limited in each direction by the two set-
screws, which are fixed in the hanging lugs 11° which lugs are integral with
the lever as seen in Fig. 2. The points of these setscrews come against
opposite sides of the pillar 10 and said setscrews must be adjusted so that the
amount of motion of lever 11 will be a trifle greater than will cause the cone 9
to travel on either side of its normal position a distance equal to the inclination
of the side of the cone 9 from its axis in a length equal to the oscillatory travel
of the upright arms 8' 8' at their point of contact with the cone 9.
The arms 8 S press slightly against the sides of the cone 9 (or its equivalent)
caused by the weight of the upper pawls resting on the arms 8" 8" Fig. 1 and
also by the pawl springs 77 pressing said arms downward and as the arms 81 81
oscillate with the pawl frame 5 they follow or keep close to the inclined surfaces
of the cone 9 the effect of which is to cause each pawl as it oscillates with the
pawl frame 5 to move from its ratchet wheel in its backward stroke, and towards
its ratchet wheel in its forward stroke, thereby causing the respective pawls to
gear with the teeth of the ratchet wheels at different parts of the stroke of the
pawl frame 5 according to the distance that the centrifugal governors shall by
the lever I have shifted the cone 9 from its middle or normal position. The
long arm of the lever 11 Fig. 1 must be made sufliciently heavy to cause said
lever to work freely in the downward direction by the action of gravity. It is
coupled to the governor connections 15 by the telescopic spring rod 14 and
bracket 15 Figs. 2 & 2. This telescopic rod 14 is made up of two pieces. The
upper piece is a tube provided with a forked jaw 14" by which it is connected
to the bracket 151 by a pin. The lower portion is a rod 14 which slides inside
the tubular portion. This rod portion passes through one of the holes in lever 11
Figs. 1 & 2 and the rod is provided with a shoulder or collar 1411 on the under-
side of lever 11 Fig. 2. Around the telescopic rod is a spiral spring 14¹
with its respective ends fastened to the different portions of the rod, as shown,
with the spring under tension, which arrangement causes the compound rod to
behave like a plain rod so long as the tension on said compound rod is less than
the tension which is on the coils of the spring. Should the tension on the rod
become greater than the tension on the spring, then the compound rod lengthens
like a telescope allowing the governor connections 15 freedom to move after lever
arm 11 has come against its stop in the upward direction. Freedom of motion
for the governor connections in the downward direction is allowed for by the
shoulder 14 being on the underside of lever arm 11 as seen in Fig. 2.
From the foregoing description and drawings Figs. 1, 2 2, & 3 it will be seen
how I couple and connect the governor connections 15 to the four oscillating
pawls of this speed regulator. The Modus Operandi of the mechanism is as
follows. The bracket 15 on the governor connections 15 Fig. 2 must be fixed
in such position on the rod 15 that when the centrifugal governors are revolving
at their normal height, the regulating lever 11 Fig. I will be held in the hori
zontal position by the telescopic rod 14 Fig. 2 & 2.
Under such conditions, and when the pawl frame 5 is in the middle of its
stroke, each of the four pawls must occupy positions with respect to the ratchet
wheels as shown in Fig. 2, the arms S 8 Fig. 1 at the same time being hori
ontal, and the other arms S 8' being vertical. Motion of the arms S¹ S₁ along
he slant sides of the cone 9 will bring each respective pawl to nearly touch its
atchet wheel at the end of its forward stroke, but none of the pawls will produce

page_text: any action so long as the normal speed is maintained. Should the speed of the
engine now slacken through extra weight of machinery, or diminished pressure of
steam, the governors would lower, causing the governor connections 15 Fig. 2
through bracket 15' and telescopic rod 14 to depress the arm of the lever 11
Fig. 1 this would move the cone 9 to the left as viewed in Fig. 1 and with it 5
the two upright arms 88 thereby causing through the arms 811 8 the right
hand pair of pawls 6 to be raised, and the left hand pair G¹ to be lowered, this in
turn would cause the lower pawl of the raised or right hand pair, to gear with
its ratchet wheel 3 in the downward stroke of the pawl frame 5, while in the
upward stroke of the pawl frame, the upper pawl of the lowered or left hand 1
pair would engage with its ratchet wheel 31 and would turn said wheel, these
contrary motions of the two pairs of ratchet wheels, producing a rotary motion
of the regulator shaft 2 in the same direction and operating through the crown
wheel 17 and pinion wheel 171 Fig. 1 the right and left hand screw threaded
long nut 16 of the governor connections 15 Fig. 2 thus giving more steam, and
bringing the speed of the engine up to its normal again, and the centrifugal gover-
nors to their normal height, causing the governor connections 15 through the
bracket 15 and telescopic rod 14 Fig. 2 to bring the lever 11 Fig. 1 back to its
middle position, and with it the cone 9 levers 81 8" and pawls 6 6¹ causing each
pawl to again clear the ratchet wheels up to the end of their forward strokes.
When the load on the engine is diminished, the opposite action to the above takes
place, causing the two pawls which were idle in the above described action to
turn the regulator, and with it the long nut 16 Fig. 2 of the governor connections
in the contrary direction, to give less steam to the engine, until its speed was once
more brought back to the normal, when all the four pawls of this speed regulator
would once more be inoperative.
To cause this double acting, and variable stroke speed regulator to automatically
suspend its own action, when it has opened the valves to full, or retarded the
cut-off to its limit, I provide the lever 11 with a branch arm 11' Fig. 1 and I
mount a small crown wheel 12 a little on the slant from the vertical, on a lug
projecting from stand 1 by a stud as shewn. The crown wheel 12 is shewn partly
in section. It gears on the underside with a helical thread 1211 seen in section
which is cast, or turned on the side surface of one of the ratchet wheels 3 Fig. 1.
A short steel peg 121 is fixed in the crown wheel 12 and the latter is so arranged,
that by the time the regulator shaft 2 shall have made as many revolutions in
the direction to give more steam, as will have opened the valves to full, or have
retarded the cut-off to its limit, the peg 121 shall have come over the branch
arm 11' as shewn in Fig. 1 and shall have pressed it down to its middle position,
this act causing both the steaming pawls to clear the teeth of their respective
ratchet wheels, which suspends the action of the regulator in the steaming
direction.
When this speed regulator is applied to an engine whose governor connections
are in the horizontal position, an lever 13 & 131 seen in plan in Fig. 1 (dotted),
and also seen in elevation Fig. 7 is pivoted on a lug 13" Fig. 1 cast on the stand 1
of the regulator. This lever 13 13 Fig. 7 is for the purpose of converting the
horizontal motion of the governor connections 15 into vertical motion; which
vertical motion is then communicated by the link 18 Fig. 7 to the cone lever 11.
The link 18 (or short connecting rod) is coupled to each lever by knuckle joint
as shewn in Fig. 7. The positions of the remaining parts, and the mode of
operation will be the same in substance as has been before described.
To the ordinary skilled mechanic, it will readily be seen that this double acting
speed regulator can if desired, be built up so as to work single acting, without
departing from the general arrangement, or from the principles embodied in
my pawl mechanism, by leaving out one pair of pawls, one pair of ratchet wheels
and also the hevil gear 41 & 4 and one of the levers 8 8 8 the width of the
mechanism being diminished in proportion; he will also perceive that this regu
lator either in the single acting, or double acting build, can if desired be made

page_text: o always turn the full length of the stroke when it is in action, by using instead
f cone 9 a straight piece of metal for the arm or arms S₁ to slide against. In
his case, in order to make the mechanism sufficiently sensitive to small changes
n the speed of the engine, the lever 11 would require pivoting about one inch
higher up the pillar 10 Fig. 2 and the short arm 911 carrying the straight piece
ased instead of the cone 9 would have to be a down arm, so that the straight piece
could act on the arm, or arms 8¹ near to the shaft 2.
A few improvements in that ratchet speed regulator for which a patent was
granted to me on November 9th 1886 and numbered 14431 are shewn in Figs. 4,
5, & 6. Fig. 4 is a plan view of the above numbered Patent speed regulator
shown in outline, with those parts of the mechanism left out, which my improve-
ments substitute. The improvements are referred to by letters of the alphabet
while the rest of the mechanism is referred to by the same numbers as are used
in the drawings connected with the Specification for the above numbered Patent.
My first improvement on the above speed regulator is in the pawl mechanism,
and is for the purpose of reducing the number of parts in said pawl mechanism.
Fig. 4 shows a plan view of my improved method of connecting the pawls 12
and 13 of the above mechanism, to the curved lever 21. It consists of the lever C
mounted by the stud D to the pawl frame 10 as shewn. Near the end of the arm C¹
is fixed the usual peg 19 which passes under the curved part of lever 21. The
other arm C is provided with a peg E which passes through the slots provided
in each pawl as shewn in Fig. 3. The stud D Fig. 4, has a nut like shoulder D¹
by which it is screwed into the pawl frame 10 and it is provided with a pin Du
which keeps the lever C in position on the stud D. The pawl 12 is provided
with a boss prolonged from its axis, on which is a spiral spring G, for the purpose
of keeping the pawl pressed upwards, the ends of which spring pass respectively
inrough holes bored in lugs F F as shewn.
When lever 21 depresses the arm C₁ the pawls 12 & 13 are raised by the
arm and its peg E and when lever 21 allows the arm C¹ to rise, said pawls
by their own weight are caused to fall. This direct connection of the pawls 12
& 13 with lever 21 by lever C very much simplifies the pawl mechanism of this
speed regulator, and makes it less liable to get out of order in the working, and
also cheapens its manufacture.
A second improvement is in the method of arranging, and gearing the worm
wheel 29 with the worm 28 the two being used to suspend the action of the
regulator when it has given full steam to the engine. Instead of mounting this
worm wheel 29 on the oscillating pawl frame 10 as heretofore, I mount it on a
stationary lug K Figs. 4 & 5 integral or otherwise with the shaft pillar 7. This
lug is bored near the end to take a small stud L Fig. 5 on which stud the worm
wheel 29 works loose, the stud being provided with a thin shoulder to keep the
worm wheel in place on the stud, said stud being fixed in the lug K by the set-
screw as shown. On the top of curved portion of lever 21 is cast a very small
lug N seen in plan in Fig. 4 and in elevation in Fig. 5 and in the circumference
of worm wheel 29 is fixed a steel peg 0 projecting radially about a quarter of an
inch, and this peg 0 whenever the regulator shall have made a predetermined
number of revolutions in the direction to give more steam, comes over the lug N
as shewn in Figs. 4 & 5 and presses down lever 21 to its middle position, causing
the steaming pawl 13 to clear the teeth of its ratchet wheel, and suspend the
action of the regulator in the steaming direction, this improved arrangement
being more certain in its action, and less costly to manufacture, besides allowing
if necessary the regulator shaft to make double the number of revolutions before
suspending its own action.
A third improvement in the above numbered Patent speed regulator is to maku
it so that it will turn in both the forward, and backward strokes of the pawl
frame. To accomplish this an additional pair of ratchet wheels are mounted
loose on the regulator shaft, and these are coupled with the tixed pair by bevel
gear, exactly in the manner herein previously described, and as shewn by the

page_text: drawings in Figs. 1 & 2 and therefore need not be shewn again. Fig. 6 is a
plan of the pawl mechanism which I use on this regulator when it is made double
acting, the mechanism being shown in Fig. 6 as cut off just beyond the pawls, this
being sufficient to show my method of working the two pair of pawls, and the
relation of the pawls to the ratchet wheels. Each of the four pawls shewn in
Fig. 6 are provided with slotted lugs as shewn at 6 in Fig. These pawls
are operated into, and out of gear by the lever S which works loose see-saw
fashion on the end of worm wheel axle 29 the axle at this place being turned
a little thinner, so that the shoulder so formed, along with the pinned collar S°
may keep the lever in place on the axle. Each arm of this lever passes through
the slotted lugs provided in each of the pawls, and the left hand arm passes
through the end of lever 17 the hole in this lever 17 being counter sunk on both
sides so as to allow of the necessary motion. After passing through lever 17
the arm of lever S passes through a hole prepared for it in pawl fraime 10 on
the other side of which it is provided with a fixed weight U as shown in Fig. 6
which is for the purpose of working the pawls in one direction by gravity. The
pawls are worked in the other direction by the lever 17. Both the lower pawls
are kept pressed upwards by the springs T & T. This method of working the
pawls operates each pair in opposite directions to suit the contrary motions of
the two pairs of ratchet wheels. To cause this regulator when made double acting
as above described to automatically suspend its own action when it has given full
steam to the engine, I insert a steel peg W in worm wheel axle 29 and this peg
is arranged to come under lug V branching from lever S as shewn in Fig. 6, and
to push said lever to its middle position by the time the regulator has opened the
valves to full which causes both the steaming pawls to clear the teeth of their
respective ratchet wheels and to suspend the action of the regulator in the
steaming direction.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is:-
3
Firstly. In mechanism for controlling the speed of steam engines in which
ratchet wheels and pawls are employed, the combination therewith of a second
pair of ratchet wheels 31 Fig. 1 mounted loose on the regulator shaft 2, and geared
to the other pair 3 by bevel gear in the manner described, and as shown in the
drawings in Figs. 1 & 2 with the object of causing the loose pair of ratchet wheels 3
to rotate on the regulator shaft 2 in the contrary direction to the pair which is
fixed to the shaft, for the specific purpose of making available the return stroke
of the pawl frame, so as to get a nearly continuous motion of the regulator when
in action, substantially as herein set forth.
Secondly. In ratchet mechanism for controlling the speed of steam engines, 4
the combination therewith of pawls provided with integral lugs ( Fig. 3 pre-
ferably slotted as shewn, and used for the purpose of taking hold of the pawls to
operate them into, and out of gear, at points on a level with the centres of their
axes, (when pawl frame 5 is in mid-travel) where the limited circular motion of
said pawls on their spindles necessary to operate them into, and out of gear with 4
the teeth of their ratchet wheels, is practically at right angles to the plane of the
pawl frame 5 in all its positions, substantially as, and for the purposes set forth.
Thirdly. In ratchet mechanism for controlling the speed of steam engines, the
combination therewith of shaped levers 81 811 mounted by their long axes 8 on
the pawl frame 5 as shown in Figs. 1 & 2 so as to be capable of oscillating on said 5
axes, with their horizontal arms 811 811 (when in mid-position) lying in the plane
of said pawl frame in all its positions and passing through the slotted lugs pro-
vided in the pawls, and with their vertical arms 81 rising perpendicularly over the
regulator shaft 2 as shewn, and used for the specific purpose of operating the pawls
into, and out of gear with the teeth of their ratchet wheels, by the application to 5

page_text: their upright arms 8¹ of a lateral motion parallel with the regulator shaft 2 sub-
stantially as set forth.
Fourthly. In ratchet mechanism for controlling the speed of steam engines the
combination therewith of the cone 9 Figs. 1 & 2 or a wedge shaped piece of metal
with rounded edges, against which inclined edges the upright arms 81 81 rest,
and along which they slide when oscillating; the sides of the wedge or cone 9 being
purposely inclined to the oscillating paths of the upright arms S 8' for the specific
purpose of causing the pawls to engage with the teeth of the ratchet wheels, at an
earlier, or later part of the stroke of the pawl frame 5, according to the distance
that the centrifugal governors are revolving from their normal height at the time,
substantially as herein set forth.
Fifthly. In mechanism for controlling the speed of steam engines where ratchet
wheels and pawls are employed, the combination therewith of the lever 11 Figs. 1
& 2 carrying on a short upright arm the cone 9, which gives lateral motion to
the arms 8.8 when the lever 11 moves on its axis; the lever having a branch
arm 11' and being provided with two adjustable stops 11 Fig. 2 which limit the
motion of the lever, and its cone 9 to a given distance on either side of its normal
position, the lever, and its appendages being used for the purposes, substantially
as herein set forth.
Sixthly. In a steam engine speed regulator such as herein described, and
illustrated by the drawings in Figs. 12 & 3 the employment in combination
therewith of the telescopic rod 14 14 Fig. 2 and tension spring 14¹ the respective
ends of which spring are coupled to the different portions of the compound rod,
with the spring under tension; which arrangement allows the compound
rod 14 14 to be drawn out like a telescope after lever 11 Figs. 1 & 2 has come
against its stop in the upward direction, thus preventing any interference with the
further motion of the governor connections, substantially as set forth and shown.
Seventhly. In a steam engine speed regulator such as herein described, and
shown, in Figs. 12 & 3 the combination therewith of the crown wheel 12 Fig. 1,
with its fixed projecting peg 121 along with the helical thread 1211 gearing with
the teeth of said crown wheel 12 the crown wheel and peg being so arranged, that
whenever the regulator shall have made a predetermined number of revolutions
in the direction to give more steam sufficient to open the valves to full, or retard
the cut-off to its limit, the peg 121 shall come over lever arm 11' as shown in
Fig. 1 and shall press down said lever to its middle position, for the purpose of
causing both the steaming pawls to clear the teeth of their respective ratchet
wheels, and thereby suspend the action of the regulator in the steaming direction,
substantially as herein set forth and shown.
Eighthly. The general arrangement, construction, and combination of parts,
forming a steam engine speed regulator, such as herein described by the specifi-
cation, and illustrated by the drawings in Figs. 12, 2' 3 & 7.
Ninthly. In Patent No. 14431 of 1886 the employment in combination therewith
of the simplified arrangement shown in Fig. 4 for coupling, or connecting the
curved lever 21 with the pawls 12 & 13 the arrangement consisting of the lever C
Fig. 4 and the slotted lugs cast on each of the pawls (as seen in Fig. 3) both being
used substantially for the purposes as herein described and shown.
Tenthly. In Patent No. 14431 of 1886, the improved method shown in Figs. 4
& 5 of mounting the worm wheel 29 on a non-oscillating part of
the regulator instead of on the oscillating pawl frame 10 as hereto-
fore, so that the projecting peg 0 in worm wheel 29 will by the time the regulator
has opened the valves to full or retarded the cut-off to its limit, come over lug N
integral with lever 21 and press down said lever 21 to its middle position causing
the steaming pawl 13 to be lifted clear of the teeth of its ratchet wheel 9 and
suspending the action of the regulator in the steaming direction, the improved
arrangement being used for the specific purposes of making the action of this
safety gear more certain, and reliable, and of securing a larger number of revolu-

page_text: tions of the regulator shaft when necessary, before said safety gear suspends the
action of the regulator, substantially as set forth.
Lastly. In Patent No. 14431 of 1886 the employment in combination therewith
(when said speed regulator is made double acting by the use of two pairs of ratchet
wheels mounted, and geared together in the manner shown in Figs. 1 & 2) of the
arrangement shown in Fig. 6 for operating the two pairs of pawls simultaneously,
and in opposite directions, to suit the opposite rotary motions of the two pairs of
ratchet wheels; this pawl operating arrangement consisting of the lever S which
is pivoted loosely on the end of the worm wheel axle 29 as shown in Fig. 6 the
arms of this lever S passing through the slots provided in the respective pawls
(slotted pawls seen in elevation in Fig. 3), and one of the arms also passing
through a counter sunk hole near the end of lever 17 Fig. 6 the end of the arm of
lever S beyond lever 17 having a small weight U secured to it as shown, for the
purpose of causing the pawls to work in one direction by gravity; also the further
combination therewith of the lug V on the boss of lever S together with the peg W
fixed in worm wheel axle 29 as shown in Fig. 6 the peg W and Iug V being used
for the purpose of operating the lever S to its middle position, whenever full
steam has been given to the engine, so as to cause both the steaming pawls to clear
the teeth of their respective ratchet wheels, and suspend the action of the
mechanism in the steaming direction, substantially as herein set forth, and shown.
Dated this 24th day of August 1897.
RICHARD WILBY.