matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVE- MENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR LAYING VENEERS ON TO SURFACES
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Stickland at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 11th July
1864.
I, JAMES STICKLAND, of No. 25, Gee Street, Saint Luke, in the County of
Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR LAYING VENEERS ON TO SURFACES," to
be as follows:-
My Invention consists in laying veneers on to the surfaces of cylindrical or
round pieces of wood, such as curtain poles, by placing such pieces of wood,
together with the veneer that is to be laid upon the same, between two
horizontal or inclined flat surfaces or tables that are made to exert a pressure
upon them, and then (the veneer having been previously coated with glue)
imparting to the one flat surface or to both such a motion relative to the other
as to cause the piece of wood situated betwen them to roll upon and take up
the veneer as it passes over the same, the pressure exerted at the same time
by the two flat surfaces or tables being sufficient to press all the superfluous
glue from between the piece of wood and the veneer, and to cause the latter to
adhere firmly to the former. I prefer to arrange the apparatus in the
following manner :-I make the lower flat surface or table upon which the
veneer and round wood are placed stationary, and of metal, and I heat the
same to the required degree for keeping the glue on the veneer fluid. The
upper moveable table is made of iron or wood, and is by preference cooled by
means of cold water, so as to cool the glue as the veneer is pressed to the

page_text: wood. To the upper table are attached one or more racks, in gear with which
are one or more pinions carried by the framework of the lower table, through
which pinions the upper table receives its motion; it is guided and kept at
the requisite distance from the lower table by means of one or more adjustable
rollers carried by the latter. The requisite pressure is effected either by the
weight of the upper table alone, or by springs and rollers made to press upon
the same.
IMPROVEMENTS IN WOOLLEN SHIRTS AND SHIRT FRONTS
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Billson at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 19th March
1864.
I, CHARLES BILLSON, of Leicester, do hereby declare the nature of the
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN WOOLLEN SHIRTS AND SHIRT FRONTS," to be
as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in woollen shirts and shirt
fronts. Woollen shirts and shirt fronts have heretofore been made from
plain or tabby wove fabrics, and the pattern on the fabric, if any, has been
due to color only, the fabric being either woven with warps and wefts of
different colors, or the fabric has been printed after the piece has been
woven.
According to my Invention I make woollen shirts and shirt fronts of fabrics
having a pattern or figure produced upon it in the weaving by causing the
warp and weft threads to interlock in a different manner in different parts-
of the fabric. This may be done by employing in weaving the fabric as
greater number of headles than is required to produce a plain or tabby:
fabric, or if the pattern desired be complicated jacquard apparatus- may be
employed.
AN IMPROVED METHOD OF MANU- FACTURING FLOOR CLOTH
Year: 1864

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Alfred Ford, of Trafalgar Works, Peckham, in the
County of Surrey, for the Invention of "AN IMPROVED METHOD OF MANU-
FACTURING FLOOR CLOTH."
5
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION filed by the said Alfred Ford at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition and Declaration, on
the 24th August 1864, pursuant to the 9th Section of the Patent Law
Amendment Act, 1852.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, ALFRED
FORD, of Trafalgar Works, Peckham, in the County of Surrey, India-rubber
Manufacturer, send greeting.
WHEREAS I am in possession of an Invention for "AN IMPROVED METHOD
OF MANUFACTURING FLOOR CLOTH," and have petitioned Her Majesty to grant
unto me, my executors, administrators, and assigns, Her Royal Letters Patent
for the same, and have made solemn Declaration that I am the first and true
Inventor thereof.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Alfred Ford, do hereby declare that the
following Complete Specification under my hand and seal fully describes and
ascertains the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, in and by the following statement:-
I coat with a solution of size a textile fabric of cotton, linen, jute, or some
other convenient material, so as to form what is known to india-rubber

page_text: workers as a "stripping cloth." I then apply to the sized surface of this
cloth, by means of rollers or some other suitable machine, a coating of india-
rubber, or of india-rubber in combination with some earthy, mineral, or
vegetable substance, and softened or not by solvent, as occasion may require,
and of sufficient thickness to admit of its being subsequently stripped off the
cloth without injury. I then take the cloth so coated and apply to the coated
surface, by means of rollers or a spreading machine, a mixture composed of
bruised or ground cork, and a solution of india-rubber, or of some other
glutinous or adhesive material capable of holding the particles of cork
together, and I hereby form what is known as a cork or kamptulicon surface.
I then dry the same by heat, and subject it to repeated pressure through rollers,
so as to give it the necessary thickness and consistence. I then strip the
whole from off the "stripping cloth," and I have formed a cork floor cloth,
with an elastic india-rubber back.
I then, in cases where it shall seem desirable, perforate the cloth so formed
with eyelet holes, filled with eyelets, and so arranged as to form a pattern on
the surface of the cloth. The object of this proceeding is to admit of the
ingress of air between the cloth and the flooring, so as to prevent the latter
becoming rotten by the damp.
In this Invention I do not claim as new the employment of cork and
india-rubber in the manufacture of floor cloth, or the machinery which I
employ; what I do claim is,-
First, the production of a floor cloth having a cork surface with an india-
rubber back.
And, secondly, the production of a floor cloth so perforated as to admit of
the ingress and egress of air between it and the flooring to which it is
applied.
תסמת מתתז.
(V.D.)
מתמת מחזי
FORD.
TAT TATT
IMPROVEMENTS IN BREECH-LOADING FIRE-ARMS
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Hill at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 7th April
1864.
I, WILLIAM HILL, of Aston, near Birmingham, in the County of Warwick,
Gun Finisher, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN BREECH-LOADING FIRE-ARMS," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to breech-loading fire-arms of the kind commonly
called drop-down guns, that is, breech-loading guns in which the breech ends
of the barrels are opened for charging and closed for discharging by the said
barrels being made to turn upon a joint so as to have motion in a vertical
plane, the open breech ends of the barrels being raised from the face of the
break-off for charging, and shut down and fixed against the face of the break-
off during discharge.
My said Invention consists in locking down the barrels during discharge
by means of two bolts working through the break-off and engaging in two
holes or recesses situated respectively in the rib between the barrels and in
the lump underneath the barrels. The said bolts are connected together by
a bar at the back of the break-off, and are urged forward by a spring. The
bolts may be withdrawn by a lever on the tang of the break-off, the said lever
being connected with a pinion underneath the said tang of the break-off.
The said pinion engages with a rack connected with the bolts, so that by
pressing the said lever the bolts are withdrawn. I do not however confine
myself to any particular methods of withdrawing the bolts, the essence of,
my Invention consisting in the use of two bolts engaging respectively with

page_text: the rib and the lump of the barrels. The upper sides of both the bolts
are inclined so that on the shutting down of the barrels the bolts are
pressed back, and spring or snap into the holes or recesses in which they
respectively engage when the said holes or recesses are opposite the ends of
the bolts.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MILLS FOR CRUSHING SUGAR AND OTHER HARD SUBSTANCES
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Dixon at the Office
of the Commissioners: of Patents, with his Petition, on the 11th
November 1864.-A communication from abroad by Manual Bea,, of
Matanzas, Island of Cuba.
I, GEORGE DIXON, of the Firm of Rabone, Brothers, and Company, of
Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Merchants, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MILLS FOR CRUSHING SUGAR
AND OTHER HARD SUBSTANCES," to be as follows:-
The said Invention consists of the improved arrangement, herein-after
described, of the parts of mills for crushing sugar and other hard substances,
by which arrangement of parts the degree of fineness to which the sugar or
other substance operated upon by the mill is reduced, may be determined
with great precision and rapidity.
A mill constructed according to the said Invention consists essentially of
the following arrangement of parts :-The two rolls, between which the sugar
or other substance is crushed, are geared together by pinions, the teeth of
which are of such a length as to permit of a considerable change in the
distance between the rolls without the pinions ungearing from-one another.
One of the rolls works in bearings fixed to the framing of the mill, and is
capable of a rotary motion only. The other roll works in bearings which are
capable of sliding horizontally, and by the sliding of the said bearings the last
described roll can be brought nearer to or further from the other. The
advance motion of the sliding bearings is effected by two screws, the ends of
which bear respectively against the said bearings. These screws pass through

page_text: and work in concave screws in the framing of the mill, and are provided with
hand wheels for turning them. The return motion of the sliding bearings is
effected by the resistance of the sugar or other substance operated upon,
which forces the roll back so far as the adjusting screws will permit it to go.
Motion is given to the rolls from the main shaft by means of toothed wheels.
The mill may either be driven by hand power, or by steam or other power.
The sugar or other substance to be crushed is supplied to the rolls by a hopper
in the usual way.
IMPROVEMENTS IN RAILWAY WAGONS AND CARRIAGES
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Peter Meulemans at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 14th October
1864.
I, PETER MEULEMANS, of Brussels, in the Kingdom of Belgium, Gentleman,
dó hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
RAILWAY WAGONS AND CARRIAGES," to be as follows:-
I construct a gallery on the outside of each wagon or carriage, by which any
person can pass from one wagon or carriage to another whilst the train is in
motion with perfect safety, and I apply a break handle to the outside of each
carriage, which by means of the said gallery any person, either official or
passenger, by turning the handle can apply the breaks in the ordinary manner;"
and I fix under the tender a perforated metal tube or vessel similar to that
used for watering streets, water to be supplied from the tender, when necessary
or desirable, for laying the dust or other purpose.
To connect the gallery of one carriage to another I have a footboard with
a hinge at one end, so that it can be raised and lowered when required to
form a connected passage; a hand rail is also provided to each gallery to
prevent danger of falling. Each gallery is connected to the footboard of its
respective wagon or carriage, and, if desirable, may be connected by hinges,
so that it may be folded up against the sides of the carriage when not required
for use.
IMPROVEMENTS IN TRANSMITTING MOTIVE POWER AND IN THE MACHINERY OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Henry Johnson at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 4th October,
1864. A communication from abroad by Emile Barrault, of Paris, in the
Empire of France, Civil Engineer..
I, JOHN HENRY JOHNSON, of 47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the County of
Middlesex, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN TRANSMITTING MOTIVE POWER AND IN THE MACHINERY OR
APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN."-A communication to ine from abroad by Emile
Barrault, of Paris, in the Empire of France, Civil Engineer, to be as
follows:-
This Invention relates to a novel mode of and apparatus for transmitting
motion or motive power in all cases where a reciprocating motion is required,
whether it be in a curvilinear or rectilinear direction, and is intended as a sub-
stitute for what is known to mechanics as the "bell crank."
In carrying out this Invention a circular drum or pulley, or a segment of a
circle, differential or otherwise, is employed, supported by and turning in
suitable fixed bearings. Round or over the periphery or surface of this drum
pulley or quadrant is passed a flexible connection such for example as a chain,
which chain should be secured to the periphery or surface, or the drum pulley
or quadrant, in order to prevent it from slipping thereon. The opposite ends
of the chain or flexible connection are respectively secured to the two ends of
a rigid connecting rod or rods, to which a longitudinal reciprocating motion is
imparted by a crank pin or other convenient or well known mechanical con-
trivance for imparting such reciprocating motion; actuated by any prime mover,

page_text: adjusting or tightening screws are employed for taking up any slack in the
chain or flexible connection so that all "backlash" may be avoided. As the
rod or rods reciprocate, the chain imparts a reciprocating rotatory motion to
the drum pulley or quadrant, which motion may be transmitted in a rectilinear
direction to any desired number of other rods provided with chains or flexible
connections passing round or over, and secured to other portions of the surface
of the drum pulley or quadrant and placed at any desired angle thereon. By
making the drum or. pulley of. different. diameters the transmitted motion may
be retarded or accelerated accordingly. Suitable guides or supports may be
used where requisite for guiding the-reciprocating-rods, and sustaining their
weight. It is further proposed to make these rods each of two parallel bars
with the chain or flexible connection between them, and to cause them to work
in grooves in the drum pulley or quadrant.
By this Invention a direct pull and thrust are obtained in the direct line of
the strain without the lateral variation attendant upon the use of the bell
crank.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE APPLICATION OF BRAKES TO CARRIAGES
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Jarvis at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 4th May
1864.
I, WILLIAM JARVIS, of Banbury, in the County of Oxford, Ironmonger's
Assistant, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE APPLICATION OF BRAKES TO CARRIAGES," to be as follows:
This Invention relates to the application of self-acting brakes 'to carriages
of various kinds, the acting principle of the brakes being derived from the
conversion for the time being of the traction power into a retarding power.
In applying the Invention to carts, or other one-horse vehicles, short rock
levers are fixed, one on each shaft, and at the opposite ends of these levers are
eyes or rings. To the lower eyes or rings are attached ropes or chains,
which pass through guides carried by the body of the vehicle, and thence to
break levers at the back of the vehicle. The brake surfaces of these levers
are intended to bear against the periphery of the cart wheels, and they are
kept out of action by means of strong springs mounted on the under side of
the shafts. At the front of the cart is a crank shaft, or its equivalent, for
holding the ropes or chains at tension, or slackening them at pleasure, which
may be effected by rocking the shaft by a hand lever attached thereto. The
eyes or rings at the upper end of the rock levers are connected to the breeching
strap when that is used, so that the horse when pulled up will by pressing
against the breeching strap rock the levers, and thus bring the ropes or
chains to tension, and the brakes into action. When however no breeching

page_text: is used the levers must be fixed near the saddle band, and connected thereto,
when the same result, viz., the throwing into action of the brakes will be
effected. In pair-horse carriages where a pole is used, the levers are to be
fixed to the carriage frame near the back end of the pole in such position as
to allow the requisite amount of play for drawing the brakes into action. If
thought desirable an additional brake or brakes to be operated by the driver
as usual may be. applied to carriages fitted with my improvements to be used
in the event of the horses taking fright. In applying this self-acting brake
principle to railway carriages, I mount the brakes upon a pair of cranked
rock shafts set intermediate of the wheels, and transversely of the carriage
body. These rock shafts I connect together by wire ropes or chains, and
continue these chains or ropes to the opposite ends of the carriage, where
they are connected to the lower ends of rock levers, which stand up at the
ends of the carriage, and carry buffer heads or pads at their upper ends.
Oll the carriages of a train being similarly fitted, the sudden retardation of a
running train, will cause the foremost carriage to press on the one next behind
it, and the buffer heads of the levers coming in contact, one pair of brakes of
the hinder carriage will be set in action, and the like effect will be continued
throughout the train.
IMPROVEMENTS IN HYDROSTATIC SCALES
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Edward Newton at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
24th June 1864.-A communication from abroad by Amory Amsden, of
Springfield, in the State of Illinois, United States of America.
I, WILLIAM EDWARD NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery Lane,
in the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN HYDROSTATIC SCALES," to be as
follows:-
The instrument which forms the subject of this Invention consists of a tube
which is open at the bottom, and secured in a suitable hole in the keel of a
vessel, and is provided with a suitable index so that the position of the index
is governed by the height to which the water rises in the tube, which height
corresponds with the depth of immersion or load line of the vessel, and con-
sequently by the position of the index the weight of the load can be ascertained.
In order to obtain a correct result in all cases it is essential that the scale
or instrument be situated as near as possible in the centre or dead point of
the vessel, so that the instrument will indicate accurately whether the load be
evenly divided throughout the vessel or not. It is also desirable to have the
scale so arranged that it can be drawn out above the deck of the vessel in
order to ascertain the result, and may be pushed back below the deck and out
of the way when not used.
With the view to accomplish this double object the improvements which form
the subject of this present Invention consist, first, in arranging or locating

page_text: a hydrostatic scale accurately at the dead point or centre of motion of a boat
or vessel.
The Invention consists, secondly, in so constructing the cylinder which
encloses the scale that it can be elongated and raised above the deck when
it is desired to make an observation, and may be depressed flush with the deck
and out of harm's way when the scale is not to be used.
The instrument is composed of a float made of copper or any other suitable
material, which is fitted easily into a sheet metal cylinder which is secured
to the keel of the vessel.
When used in open boats the cylinder is provided with a cap, but when
used in deck boats the cylinder may be open and surrounded by a case which
extends close to the under surface of the deck. The stem of the float extends
up through a tubular projection of the cap, and its upper end is marked with
a scale which is visible through the cylindrical case above the deck. When
the instrument is not wanted, the case together. with the stem are depressed
flush with the deck, and when an observation is to be made the case is raised
above the deck.
AN IMPROVED APPARATUS OR RECEPTACLE FOR STORING GRAIN
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Arthur Charles Henderson at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
15th November 1864.-A communication from abroad by Messieurs
Adrien Labour and Antoine Prud'homme, Gentlemen, both of No. 18,.
Rue de l'Echiquier, Paris, in the Empire of France.
I, ARTHUR CHARLES HENDERSON, of No. 31, Charing Cross, in the County
of Middlesex, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "AN IMPROVED APPARATUS OR RECEPTACLE FOR STORING GRAIN,"
(that it has been communicated to me from abroad by Messieurs Adrien
Labour and Antoine Prud'homme, Gentlemen, both of No. 18, Rue de
l'Echiquier, Paris, in the Empire of France), to be as follows:-
My Invention, which is of considerable simplicity, has for its object the
preservation of grain of all descriptions.
It is well known that grain stored away, unless shifted or moved occasionally
to allow of free access to the air, becomes musty, this is completely pre-
vented by the use of my apparatus, whose simple construction will be readily
understood.
The grain receptacle is of any convenient form and dimensions, mounted on
fixed or movable feet, and having its bottom, sides, and top, of fine wirework,
the meshes being sufficiently close to prevent insects entering. Passing
through the centre of the receptacle is a shaft furnished with wings for
agitating the grain by revolving the shaft, which may be effected from the
outside of the receptacle, a handle being adapted to one extremity of the shaft
for that purpose. Besides a rotatory motion the shaft may be made to pass

page_text: from side to side by means of rackwork or other similar arrangement, and
should the receiver be of considerable size two or more shafts may be
employed.
The grain can be drawn off by a trap or other suitable opening.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF WOVEN FABRICS
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Collinge at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 10th October
1864.
I, JOHN COLLINGE, of the City of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster,
Cotton Spinner and Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF WOVEN FABRICS," to
be as follows:-
This Invention relates to the manufacture of fabrics used for crinoline, or a
substitute for crinoline, and consists of introducing a portion of strong weft
known as the patent thread described in the Specification of Godfrey Ermen's
Patent, dated the Seventeenth day of June, One thousand eight hundred and
fifty-one, No. 13,670, mixed with the ordinary weft at any convenient number
of alternate picks, by which I produce a strong stiff fabric suitable for crino-
line purposes, or as a substitute for crinoline; and if found desirable I also
introduce a mixture of the same patent thread with the ordinary warp
threads.
IMPROVEMENTS IN WATER GAUGES FOR STEAM BOILERS AND OTHER VESSELS
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Bond at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 7th January
1864.
I, JOHN BOND, of The Olive Tree Patent Temple Works, Hyde, in the
County of Chester, Machinist, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN WATER GAUGES FOR STEAM BOILERS AND OTHER
VESSELS," to be as follows:
This improvement consists in employing a glass tube fixed upon the boiler
near the fire door, or any other place convenient for the eye of the fireman,
engineer, or master, this tube is secured by a frame and made steam-
tight in the ordinary way by screw and packing. The upper end is firmly
secured against any outlet from the boiler; the shape of the frame is not
material so long as it saves the glass tube from injury, and preserves the
perpendicular of the same; within the glass tube is a rod or tube of metal of a
light shade; this rod is held by the glass tube at one end, and by the flue of the
boiler or any other fixing at the other end; on this rod or metal tube is a large
tube connected with the float, this tube passes through the float which is made
of as light and incorrosive a substance as possible, the tube supported or kept
in position by a rod connected with the float is the moving mark in the glass
tube, by which the height of the water in the boiler is indicated. By preference
the loose tube sliding on the fixed rod or tube should be dark, and the rod or
tube light, so that the movements in the tube may be distinct in the glass.

page_text: The float may be filled with some light material to prevent the accumulation
of water within it, but the float being sufficiently high above the water will
receive the supply of steam generated through a small orifice on the top of
the float to prevent collapse.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR FACILITATING COMMUNICATION BETWEEN PASSEN- GERS AND GUARDS TRAVELLING ON RAILWAYS
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alexander Richard Croucher at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
15th December 1864.
I, ALEXANDER RICHARD CROUCHER, of No. 50, Wellclose Square, St. George's-
in-the-East, M.D., do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR FACILITATING COMMUNICATION BETWEEN PASSEN-
GERS AND GUARDS TRAVELLING ON RAILWAYS," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in apparatus for facilitating
communication between passengers and guards travelling on railways. For
these purposes a handle or instrument is placed in each compartment of a
carriage which on being pulled or acted on by a passenger becomes locked in
position and is retained by a spring or other suitable catch. The handle or
instrument is in connection with an electric circuit which ordinarily is open.
The pulling or moving of the handle or instrument couples up the electric
circuit which on well known apparatus rings a bell in the guard's van, and thus
calls the attention of the guard, at the same time the movement of the handle
or instrument also raises a semaphore or signal exterior of the compartment
of the carriage, by which the guard will at once know the carriage from which
the communication has been made. At night a bell may be sounded at or
near the semaphore by the semaphore or other instrument striking the bell
and thus indicate to the guard from which carriage the communication has
come.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN FURNACES FOR THE BETTER COMBUSTION OF SMOKE
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Whitehouse at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 22nd June
1864.
I, THOMAS WHITEHOUSE, of Charing Cross, in the County of Middlesex,
Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN FURNACES FOR THE BETTER COMBUSTION OF SMOKE," to be as follows:-
My improvements consist in the application of a tube or channel or tubes
or channels from above the fire-door of a furnace over the fire to a hollow
box or space contained in the bridge; the outer ends of these passages are
open to the atmosphere, and air enters and is heated in passing through to the
bridge. I allow this heated air to escape from a long slit, or it may be a
series of holes at the back of the bridge near its upper part. This extends
the breadth of the furnace, or nearly so, and is furnished with a sort of
inclined ledge projecting over it from the top of the bridge, which directs the
heated air in an inclined direction upwards and backwards, and so as to
mingle with the products of combustion, and cause their consumption. I
sometimes place a second box or bridge at a further distance from the fire,
and even a third or fourth if desirable, and allow air to enter by channels as
before, which air is heated and distributed by the different boxes in manner
as before described with reference to the first bridge.
IMPROVEMENTS IN OBTAINING GREASE FROM WASH WATERS
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Edmund Donisthorpe at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 21st
October 1864.
I, GEORGE EDMUND DONISTHORPE, of Leeds, in the County of York, do
hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN OBTAINING
GREASE FROM WASH WATERS," to be as follows:-
Heretofore, in obtaining grease from wash waters, the wash waters have
commonly been treated with sulphuric acid, and the precipitate so produced
after having been allowed to settle and filtered, has been placed in thin layers
into canvas wrappers, and the wrappers have then been piled one on another
in a press, the several wrappers being separated the one from the other by
metal plates; steam has then been introduced into the press to melt the
grease contained in the precipitate, and the pile has then been compressed to
cause the grease to filter through the wrappers, and the grease is allowed to
pass from the press together with the condensed steam.
Now, according to my Invention, in order to separate the grease from the
precipitate, I place the precipitate in a cylinder closed at the bottom by a
filter surface; and the sides also of the cylinder may, if desired, be made of a
filter surface. Within the cylinder a piston is fitted, and provision is also, by
preference, made for heating the cylinder by steam. The precipitate is intro-
duced into the cylinder between the bottom of the cylinder and the piston;
this may be done either through a door in the side of the cylinder or otherwise.
When the precipitate has been placed in the cylinder, and the cylinder heated

page_text: by steam, I prefer to force down the piston on to the precipitate by steam
introduced between the top of the cylinder and the piston; the piston may,
however, be forced down by other suitable means; the grease from the
precipitate is thus forced from the cylinder through the filter surface. When
the piston is arranged to be forced down by steam acting on its upper surface,
the cylinder is closed at the top, and in order to provide for raising the piston
when required, I employ a rod rising from its upper surface through a stuffing-
box in the top of the cylinder.
IMPROVED APPARATUS TO BE USED IN CONDUCTING MESSAGES, SOUNDS, OR SIGNALS FROM ONE PLACE TO ANOTHER
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Elias Leak at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 24th March.
1864.
I, ELIAS LEAK, of Longton, in the County of Stafford, Lathe Maker, do.
hereby declare the nature of my said Invention for "IMPROVED APPARATUS TO
BE USED IN CONDUCTING MESSAGES, SOUNDS, OR SIGNALS FROM ONE PLACE TO
ANOTHER," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to a means whereby messages, sounds, or signals can
be conducted from one place to another, and by which a conversation may.be
carried on between parties at a distance from each other, as, for instance (and)
more particularly), for the conveying of instantaneous sounds,. signals, or
messages between the guard, engine driver, and passengers in a railway train.
The Invention consists chiefly of a number of tubes or pipes formed of iron,
or any other suitable material, placed and connected to the body or sides. of
any railway car, carriage, van, or engine now or hereafter to be used in
carrying or conveying passengers or traffic. Each carriage or van is furnished
with one of these longitudinal tubes affixed to its side, each tube having a
coupling or connection to attach it to the tube of the next carriage, and each
tube has one or more branches.terminating in a mouth-piece in one or more
compartments of the van or carriage to which it is attached, so that when a
series of these pipes or tubes are connected or fitted together they form a
continuous tube with branches extending to the insides of the cars, carriages,
or vans, or to the engine, whereby sounds, signals, or messages can be con-

page_text: ducted from each and every compartment in every carriage or car to the guard,
or engine driver, or both. The tubes or pipes may be made of any size or
shape to suit any class or kind of carriage, car, van, or engine. This Inven-
tion may be applied in mines or other places where it is desirable to convey
sounds or signals from one place to another.
IMPROVEMENTS APPLICABLE TO PROJECTILES TO BE DISCHARGED FROM SMOOTH-BORED ORDNANCE AND SMALL ARMS
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Corry at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 29th April
1864.
I, JOHN CORRY, the younger, of Belfast, in the County of Antrim, Ship-
owner, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
APPLICABLE TO PROJECTILES TO BE DISCHARGED FROM SMOOTH-BORED ORDNANCE AND
SMALL ARMS," to be as follows (that is to say) :-
This Invention consists in rifling or grooving in'a spiral direction elongated
projectiles, and using smooth-bored ordnance or small arms for projecting the
same, in contradistinction to rifling the bore of the gun, as now commonly
practiced. The object of rifling or grooving the projectile being to obtain a
rotatory motion on its longitudinal axis by the force of the expansive gases
caused by the ignition of the charge.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LADIES' BOOTS
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Joseph Keer at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
30th September 1864.
I, HENRY JOSEPH KEER, of the City of Norwich, Shoe Manufacturer, &
Co-partner in the Firm of Francis Robert Steadman and Henry Joseph
Keer, of the City of Norwich aforesaid, Shoe Manufacturers and Co-partners.
trading under the name and style of Edwin Walter Lulham and Company, do-
do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN LADIES'
BOOTS," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in the formation of the
upper parts of ladies' boots, whereby they afford increased protection to the
leg of the wearer, and impart ornament to the boots so manufactured. For
this purpose the upper edge of the back and front parts of a lady's boot
made according to my improvements is extended upwards above the side
springs or other fastening, and these parts are formed with wing pieces so as
to embrace the leg on each side, such wing pieces being secured by a loop.
and button or otherwise, thus forming a "leglet" to the boot. The form and
ornamental character of the extended parts and wing pieces may be greatly
varied, and may be cut from the same piece of leather or other material
forming the back and front parts of the boot, or they may be cut separately
therefrom, and of a different material if desired, being afterwards sewn or
otherwise secured to the upper part of the boot.

page_text: Boots made according to my Invention may have a very ornamental character
imparted thereto in addition to the protection afforded to the leg of the
wearer.
AN IMPROVED METHOD OF MANUFACTURING FLOORCLOTH
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alfred Ford at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 4th. March
1864.
I, ALFRED FORD, of Trafalgar Works, Peckham, in the County of Surrey,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED METHOD OF
MANUFACTURING FLOORCLOTH," to be as follows:-
I spread india-rubber either alone or in combination with gutta percha,
sulphur, resin, zinc, antimony, or some other gummy, resinous, earthy, or
metallic substances upon a textile fabric which has been previously prepared
by coating with a solution of size, gum, or some other mucilaginous or
gelatinous matter, so as to admit of the india-rubber, or india-rubber in
combination with the other substances before described, being subsequently
stripped from the same. I then apply over this india-rubber bedding or
foundation cork in combination with india-rubber, gutta percha, or some other
adhesive matter, by passing it through rollers or under a spreading machine
in the usual way. I then strip the india-rubber sheet with the cork attached
from the textile fabric previously wetted to facilitate the process, and thus
obtain a cork floorcloth with an elastic back. I then perforate the floor-
cloth so obtained where it shall seem desirable with holes, or provide for the
admission of air between it and the flooring either by corrugating the back,
or placing across the under surface at convenient distances strips of cloth or
fibrous matter, so as to produce an unevenness of the lower surface.

page_text: The novelty of this Invention consists, first, in producing a floorcloth with
an elastic back.
Secondly, in so ventilating the same as to remove the objection which at
present obtains to the use of impervious floorcloths on boarded floors, namely,
that they rot the flooring.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MILLS FOR GRINDING GRAIN AND OTHER. SUBSTANCES
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Goodier and Thomas Lee
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on
the 5th December 1864..
We, JAMES GOODIER, of the City and County of Chester, Miller, and
THOMAS LEE, of the same Place, Manager, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MILLS FOR GRINDING GRAIN AND OTHER.
SUBSTANCES," to be as follows:-
Our Invention relates to that class of mills in which the stones are placed.
in a horizontal position, and consists of a combination or arrangement of parts,..
the object of which is to convey away from the inside of millstone cases the
steam generated in the process of grinding and the hot air to the outside of
the main walls of the building or elsewhere.
We affix or attach to the running stone, in any convenient way, one or
more arms, vanes, blades, or projections, to cause a circulation of air, and
connect a pipe or spout or several pipes or spouts into the millstone case,.
preferably led directly upwards therefrom, to carry away the steam and hot
air. Either the upper or nether stone may be made to rotate, we prefer the
former. In some modifications, the case at the eye of the upper stone would
be closed, in general practice however it would be open..
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF IRON
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Shortridge at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 6th May
1864.
I, JOHN SHORTRIDGE, of the Firm of Shortridge, Howell, and Company,
Hartford Steel Works, Sheffield, in the County of York, Manufacturer, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF IRON," to be as follows:-
The object of my said Invention is to effect the purification and decarbonisa-
tion of the molten iron by a continuous operation in connection with the ordinary
or other blast furnace, instead of resorting to the present tedious process of.
refining and puddling. The metal may be tapped direct from the stack, or if
found more convenient it may be remelted in two or more furnaces; so that
a continuous stream be maintained thence through a shaft or channel, two-
opposite sides of which project and recede alternately in a zig-zag direction,.
forming at short intervals a salient angle on one side, and a re-entrant angle-
on the other. Beneath the apex of the re-entrant angle I. propose to introduce
air at such pressure as may be suitable for the quality of iron under treatment,.
the air passes through tuyers connected with vertical air shafts acted upon.
by a blast. The molten metal in its descent through the refining shaft or
channel impinges against the first inclined plane to the opposite side, and
again upon and from one to another of the corresponding planes beneath; this
zig-zig motion, and the mechanical action of the air, break up the molten:
metal into fiery spray at each stage, and thus materially facilitate the chemical

page_text: combination of the air (forced into the shaft or channel below each inclined
plane) with the component. parts of the metal. The pressure of the blast
must be adapted to the quality of the iron being operated upon, or the measure
of decarbonisation desired. To carry off the gases or other impurities liberated
from the iron during the process of decarbonisation, small holes are provided
in one of the unbroken sides of the refining channel leading into an open
flue, in which the gases may freely ascend, and any liberated silica or other
heavy matter fall to the bottom and be removed from time to time. At the
bottom of the refining shaft or channel I propose to have a small receiver
(surrounded by fire) for the refined metal; this can be tapped as often as charged
with a sufficient quantity of iron to make a bloom, which may be at once
passed to the hammer or rolls.
The sketch of my Invention appended hereto exhibits the construction I
contemplate in the first instance, but sloping or inclined channels may be
used, and the details modified to suit situation.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CRINOLINE SKIRTS
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Job Mimmack Smith at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 15th
November 1864.
I, JOB MIMMACK SMITH, of the City of Manchester, in the County of
Lancaster, Crinoline Skirt Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN CRINOLINE SKIRTS," to be as follows:-
I attach to the upper band of the skirt, whether elastic or not, an additional
partial crinoline skirt, to descend a short distance at the back part, only
sufficient to give additional strength to the upper part of the back of the
crinoline skirt, by which I obtain a better sit or form of the skirt from top to
bottom, and thereby give a more elegant and improved form to the female
figure. I make the said partial or small skirt of any suitable material, and
insert the crinoline to give it the necessary shape, and I reserve to myself the
right to place the said small skirt or improver either inside the main skirt or
outside, but I prefer the former.
CERTAIN IMPROVE- MENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR CLEANSING, DECORTICATING, AND CUTTING POTATOES, TURNIPS, AND OTHER ESCULENT ROOTS
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Clay at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 18th January
1864.
I, JOHN CLAY, of Woodley, in the County of Chester, Corn Dealer, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVE-
MENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR CLEANSING, DECORTICATING, AND CUTTING
POTATOES, TURNIPS, AND OTHER ESCULENT ROOTS," to be as follows:-
The Invention relates to apparatus for cleansing potatoes and other esculent
roots, or for removing the skin therefrom when required, and it may also be
applied to the cutting up or "slicing" of turnips and other roots. The
improvements consist in the employment and use of a vertical disc revolving
within a cylinder formed of "lags" or bars at about mid-distance from each
end, this disc is furnished on each side with brushes or is otherwise roughened,
and is caused to rotate in a contrary direction to the cylinder containing the
potatoes. The potatoes or roots to be cleaned are to be placed within the
lagged" cylinder at each side of the disc so that as the cylinder and disc
rotate in opposite directions the potatoes are brought under the action of the
brushes and are constantly changing their position. When it is required to
cut or "slice" the roots, "blades" or knives are to be secured to the sides
of the disc in a diagonal or projecting position, and a "stop" is to be placed
in the cylinder to hold the roots whilst they are cut. The cylinder rotates,
partly submerged, in a vessel of water, which washes the roots, and receives the
dirt which escapes through the interstices between the lags or ribs.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN DECOMPOSING COMMON SALT WITH SULPHURIC ACID IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SODA AND MURIATIC ACID
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Johnson at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 30th September
1864.
I, JOHN JOHNSON, of Runcorn, in the County of Chester, Soap and Alkali
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN DECOMPOSING COMMON SALT WITH SULPHURIC ACID IN THE MANUFACTURE
OF SODA AND MURIATIC ACID," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in decomposing common
salt with sulphuric acid in the manufacture of soda and muriatic acid. In
order to decompose common salt with sulphuric acid the salt and acid are
now put into large iron vessels or pans, which are heated by means of a fire
beneath them.
Now according to my Invention I heat the vessels or pans in which the
salt is decomposed by means of superheated steam, and for this purpose I
form the vessels with a surrounding jacket or case, between which and the
The
pan a space is left into which the superheated steam is introduced.
vessel or pan is, covered with an iron top or with a brick arch, from which a
pipe passes to a flue that leads to a tower and condensing apparatus such as
is ordinarily employed for condensing the acid fumes.
IMPROVE÷ MENTS IN FENCING AND OTHER STAPLES
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Pinfold Hawkins at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
23rd December 1864.
I, THOMAS PINFOLD HAWKINS, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick,.
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE÷
MENTS IN FENCING AND OTHER STAPLES," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in making fencing and other staples with flat chisel
points or ends, instead of conical or taper points or ends as is usual. By
making the ends of fencing and other staples chisel-pointed according to my
Invention, the said ends when driven into wood make clear cuts and the
splitting of the wood which occurs more or less on driving ordinary staples is
avoided. There is also in staples made according to my Invention greater
adhesion between the staple and the wood in consequence of the close
fitting of the staple in the clear holes made by the cutting points of the staple.
In making the chisel-pointed staples two planes inclined to the axis of the
wire or rod of which the staple is made are formed on opposite sides of
the ends of the said wire or rod, the said planes meeting in the axis of the
wire or rod and forming the extreme points of the staple, the said points

page_text: being as broad or nearly as broad as the wire or rod of which the staple
is made. The chisel-pointed ends of the staple may be made by forging or
otherwise. The chisel-pointed ends of the staple may either be in the same
lane or in parallel planes.