CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS TO BE EMPLOYED FOR LITHOGRAPHIC PRINTING
Year: 1845

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, GEORGE
SCHOLEFIELD, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Agent, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her present most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date at
Westminster, the Fourth day of November, in the ninth year of Her reign,
and in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and forty-five,
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said
George Scholefield, Her especial license, full power, sole privilege and autho-
rity, that I, the said George Scholefield, my executors, administrators,
and assigns, and such others as I, the said George Scholefield, my
executors, administrators, or assigns, should at any time agree with, and
no others, from time to time and at all times during the term of years
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within England and Wales and the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed,
my Invention of "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS TO
BE EMPLOYED FOR LITHOGRAPHIC PRINTING;" in which said Letters Patent
is contained a proviso I, the said George Scholefield, shall cause a particular
description of the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be inrolled in Her Majesty's High Court of Chancery
within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said
in part recited Letters Patent, as in and by the sanie, reference being there-
unto had, will more fully and at large appear.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
George Scholefield, do hereby declare that the nature of my Invention,
and the manner in which the same is to be performed, is particularly
described and ascertained in and by the Drawings hereto annexed, and the
following explanation thereof (that is to say):
=
These Improvements in Machinery or Apparatus to be employed for Litho-
graphic Printing consist in an entirely novel arrangement of revolving or
rotary mechanism for the above purpose, whereby a great saving in both time
and power is effected, and which may be worked either by hand or power,
the mechanical construction of which, as well as the operation of the machine,
will be more readily explained and more easily understood by reference to the
Drawing accompanying these Presents, in which Figure 1 represents a longi-
tudinal section of my improved arrangement of machinery or apparatus to be
employed for lithographic printing; Figure 2 is a transverse section, Figure 3
These Figures are
a side elevation, and Figure 4 an end view, of the same.
drawn to a scale of about three inches to the foot, and have similar letters of
reference marked upon corresponding parts in all the Figures. a, a, is the
framework of the apparatus; and b, b, the main driving shaft, upon which is
mounted the spur pinion c. This pinion drives the spur wheel d upon
the end of the shaft e, e, which carries a roller f made of lithographic
stone, zinc, or other suitable material, upon which the writing or other
design to be printed is delineated in the ordinary manner. This roller f
drives (by friction of contact) a pressure roller or cylinder g mounted upon
a lever h. This lever is raised into the position shewn in the Drawing
for the purpose of giving the requisite pressure to the roller g by turning the
cam by means of the handle k. 1 is a screw for regulating the amount
of pressure given, and m, m, are two set screws, for the purpose of equalizing
the pressure, upon each end of the roller g. The printing roller f is furnished
with ink by a series of inking rollers n, n, n, n, mounted upon an endless
belt or band o, o, passing over two drums or pullies p, p, which revolve in
suitable bearings attached to the frame 2, 2, the pulley p* being actuated by
s is a trough
the spur wheels 7, r, one of which gears with the wheel d.
containing the printing ink, which is furnished to the inking rollers n, n, by
the roller t, worked by the ratchet wheel u and click v.
caused to take up one tooth at each revolution of the pulley p by means of
the excentric w upon the end of the shaft of that pulley, the quantity of
ink furnished being regulated by the doctor a and afterwards evenly distri-
buted over the surface of the rollers n, n, by their rolling upon the inking
slab y. The frame 9 rests upon the excentrics 1 at one end, and upon the
This click vis

page_text: pivots 2 at the other end, so that the frame, and with it the whole of the
inking apparatus, may be removed at pleasure; or if it is desirable at any
time to prevent the inking rollers n, n, from furnishing any ink to the printing
roller f, the excentrics 1 must be turned upwards, thus raising the frame q..
The segments upon the frame will then raise the pivots of the inking rollers
n, n, causing them to pass over the printing roller f in a curved line without
touching its surface. The printing roller f is cleaned and damped after
the printing operation (and previous to receiving a fresh supply of ink) by
means of a revolving "wiper" 3, formed of strips of linen or other fabric set
edgewise upon a roller in a longitudinal and slightly oblique direction. This
"wiper" 3 is caused to revolve in the direction of the arrow, and has at the
same time a reciprocating lateral motion caused by the disc 4 set obliquely
upon its shaft, working in the forked end of a lever 5 fixed to the framing.
Thus it is evident that the action of this "wiper" upon the printing roller is
similar to rubbing by hand with a cloth, only much more equal and certain.
The "wiper" 3 is kept clean and damp by the brush 6, which, as it revolves,
dips into the water in the trough 7. There is also a contrivance for removing
the "wiper" from and to the printing cylinder fat pleasure.
.
Such being the mechanical construction of the apparatus, I will now proceed
to describe its mode of operation, which is as follows:-The paper, cloth, or
other fabric to be printed upon, having been coiled in a long continuous strip or
sheet upon the roller 8, is placed in front of the machine (or it may be cut
into sheets of the required size and placed upon the tympan cloth 10), and
the handle k raised into a perpendicular position, which by means of the
cam i will allow the lever h, which carries the pressure roller g, to fall and
remove the pressure from the printing roller f. The frame 9 carrying the
inking apparatus is then raised by means of the excentrics 1, and the machine
set in motion by turning the winch handle g or otherwise, which will cause
the wiper 3 to damp the roller f, at the same time causing the inking rollers
to take the ink from the furnishing roller t, which is evenly distributed over
their surface by their rolling upon the inking slab y. When the roller ƒ has
thus been sufficiently damped, the paper is conducted by the workman over
the endless tympan cloth 10, which is distended over the bed roller g and
tension rollers 11, 11, 11, and its end placed between the rollers f and g.
The lever his then turned down into the position shewn in the Drawing,
which will give the pressure required for printing, and the frame q is then
also lowered into the position shewn, thus allowing the rollers n, n, to furnish
the ink to the printing roller f. The machine being thus put in working
order, power is applied, either by turning the winch handle g or otherwise, and

page_text: the machine may be worked without intermission until the whole of the paper
on the roller 8 has passed through the machine. The paper, cloth, or other
fabric, after receiving the impression, passes through the delivering rollers 12
into a basket or other suitable receptacle, and merely requires cutting into the
proper lengths.
In witness whereof, I, the said George Scholefield, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Second day of May, One thousand eight
hundred and fortu.siv