IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1867

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Edward Gerrard Fitton and Somerville Dear, both
of Leeds, in the County of York, Machinists, for the Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Edward Gerrard Fitton
and Somerville Dear at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 26th April 1867.
We, EDWARD GERRARD FITTON and SOMERVILLE DEAR, both of Leeds, in the
County of York, Machinists, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING," to be as follows:-
Our improvements refer to the taking-up motion of looms. In performing
our Invention we dispense with the ordinary emery or glass roller or its sub-
stitute used in positive taking-up motions and key the wheel usually fastened
upon that roller to the cloth beam, as in the common taking-up motion. We
make the double carrier wheel (usually placed between the change pinion and
the cloth beam in positive motions) into a single carrier wheel, and we attach
or cast to it a disc, which we will call the driving disc. We mount another
disc, which we will call a driven disc, upon a stud having a pinion cast on or
attached to it; this pinion works in the wheel on the cloth beam; between the
driving and the driven discs we mount upon an adjustable stud a pair of discs,
which we will call the intermediate discs, which clip or press (by means of a
spring and nut or their equivalent) against the sides of the driver and driven.

page_text: beam.
discs, so that as motion is communicated through the change pinion to the
driving disc it communicates motion through the two intermediate discs to the
driven disc which has a pinion upon it working into and driving the cloth
We mount all these discs upon an arm which is hinged on the stud of
the pinion which works in the cloth beam wheel, so that when a larger or
smaller change pinion is required the arm can be raised or lowered to adjust
the disc wheel into the change pinion, and the dises will keep their relative
positions to each other. As the cloth wraps round the beam, and increases its
diameter, a lever, which is held against it by a spring or weight, causes the
intermediate discs to move on the frictional surfaces of the driver and driven discs
and alters their relative positions so as to adjust the speed of the cloth beam to
suit its increased diameter. To arrange the taking-up motion to act either as
a common or a positive one we cause the lay sword to strike the lever which
supports the pall or catch on its return motion, and we attach a spring to the
lever to give the motion to the ratchet wheel, and as this spring is always
pulling at the lever it can be arranged to operate at the time when the strain
upon the cloth is the least, or when the cloth is slackest.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Edward Gerrard Fitton and Somerville Dear in the Great
Seal Patent Office on the 25th October 1867.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, EDWARD
GERRARD FITTON and SOMERVILLE DEAR, both of Leeds, in the County of
York, Machinists, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-sixth day of April, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-seven, in the thirtieth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto us, the
said Edward Gerrard Fitton and Somerville Dear, Her special license that
we, the said Edward Gerrard Fitton and Somerville Dear, our executors,
administrators, and assigns, or such others as we, the said Edward Gerrard
Fitton and Somerville Dear, our executors, administrators, and assigns, should
at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times
thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make,
use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING," upon the condition (amongst others) that we,

page_text: the said Edward Gerrard Fitton and Somerville Dear, our executors or admi-
nistrators, by an instrument in writing under our, or their, or one of our
or their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be per-
formed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within
six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said Edward Gerrard Fitton and Somerville
Dear, do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention, and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in
and by the following statement, reference being had to the accompanying
Sheet of Drawings, and to the figures and letters marked thereon, that is
to say:
Our improvements refer to the taking-up motion of looms, and consist in
dispensing with the ordinary glass roller or its substitute used in positive
taking-up motions and key the wheel usually fastened upon that roller to the
cloth beam, as in the common taking-up motions. We make the double
carrier wheel (usually placed between the change pinion and the cloth beam in
positive motions) into a single carrier wheel, and we attach or cast to it a disc,
which we will call the driving disc. We mount another disc, which we call a
driven disc upon a stud having a pinion cast on or attached to it. This pinion
works in the wheel on the cloth beam between the driving and driven discs ;
we mount upon an adjustable stud a pair of discs, which we will call the inter-
mediate discs, which clip or press (by means of a spring and nut or other
equivalent) against the sides of the driver and driven discs, so that as motion
is communicated through the change pinion to the driving disc it communi-
cates motion through the two intermediate discs to the driven disc, which has
pinion upon it working into and driving the cloth beam. We mount all
these discs upon an arm which is binged on the stud of the pinion, which
works in the cloth beam wheel, so that when a larger or smaller change pinion
is required the arm can be raised or lowered to adjust the disc wheel into the
change pinion, and the discs will keep their relative positions to each other;
or instead of this arm a slot in the framing concentric to the change wheel is
adopted so as to admit of a larger or smaller change wheel. As the cloth
wraps round the beam and increases its diameter a lever which is held against
it by a spring causes the intermediate discs to move on the frictional surfaces
of the driver and driven discs, and alters their relative positions so as to adjust
the speed of the cloth beam to suit its increased diameter. To arrange the
taking-up motion to act either as a common or a positive one we cause the
a

page_text: lay sword to strike the lever which supports the pall or catch on its return
motion, and we attach a spring to the lever to give the motion to the ratchet
wheel, and as the spring is always pulling at the lever it can be arranged to
operate at the time when the strain upon the cloth is the least, or when
the cloth is the slackest, or we take up for light looms in the usual way.
In the Drawings Figure 1 is a side elevation, and Figure 2 a plan of
part of a loom constructed according to our Invention.
A is the framing of the loom; B, the lay sword, and C, the taking-up roller;
these and the other parts of the loom not particularly referred to hereafter
and made as usual. a is a ratchet wheel mounted upon a stud a³; this ratchet
wheel is driven by the pall m jointed to the upper end of the lever n, the
lower end of which is actuated by a stud in the lay sword B on the stud a²;
the wheel a¹ is also mounted. The wheel a¹ takes into and drives the wheel b
mounted upon the stud 62; on the boss of this wheel is mounted the wheel b',
which is a change wheel arranged to alter the number of picks per inch; this
change pinion drives the wheel c¹ upon the stud c; attached to the wheel c¹ is
the disc c, which we call the driving disc. The intermediate discs d' clip the
driving disc c and the driven disc e', the spring d² keeping them tight against
the discs c and e; on the disc e a pinion e is cast which gears into and drives
the wheel on the cloth beam C; the lever g presses against the cloth on the
cloth beam, aud in the bottom end of this lever a slot g¹ is made, a link h
connects the lever g to a lever i, which is mounted on a stud . The lever i
has a slot made in it of such form that it acts as a cam against the stud d
upon which the intermediate discs d' are mounted, consequently as the cloth
beam becomes larger in diameter through the cloth wrapping on the lever g
gives motion to the link h and the cam i; as the cam i is moved downwards
the discs d' are forced nearer the centre of the driving disc c and further from
the centre of the driven disc e¹. By these means a proper, positive, variable,
and uniform motion is obtained proportionate to the increasing diameter of
the cloth wound on the cloth beam. In strong looms where the blow of the
slay is very heavy we place a worm wheel on the cloth beam, with a worm
connected by bevels to the discs, so that however heavy the blow may be there
will be no strain upon the discs. In this case the lever n is actuated by the
spring o, the lay sword only moving the lever n back to its position, the
spring being the meaus of working the taking-up motion, which will be done
when the cloth has the least strain upon it, or when it is slackest.
Having thus stated the nature of our Invention, and described a convenient
manner of carrying the same into operation, we wish it to be understood that
we do not limit ourselves to the details given, as the same may be considerably

page_text: varied or modified, but what we do claim is, the improved arrangement of parts
shewn and described for giving motion to the taking-up roller or cloth beam
of looms, or any equivalent combination in which frictional surfaces are
applied between the change pinion and the cloth beam.
In witness whereof, we, the said Edward Gerrard Fitton and Somerville
Dear, have hereto set our hands and seals, this Twenty-third day of
October, One thousand eight hundred and sixty-seven.
EDWARD G. FITTON. (L.S.)
SOMERVILLE DEAR. (L.S.)