IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS OR APPLIANCES FOR HEATING, LIGHTING, COOLING, AND VENTILATING, AND THE A POLIOTON MAL ARLICATIONRE, INCLUSIVE OF MANUFACTURE OF SAME
Year: 1881

page_text: <
LETTERS PATENT to George Edward Pritchett, of Bishop's Stortford, in the
County of Herts, for an Invention of IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS OR
APPLIANCES FOR HEATING, LIGHTING, COOLING, AND VENTILATING, AND THE
A POLIOTON
MAL
AR
"
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said George Edward Pritchett at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 15th February 1881.
GEORGE EDWARD PRITCHETT, of Bishop's Stortford, in the County of Herts.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS OR APPLIANCES FOR HEATING, LIGHTING, COOLING,
AND VENTILATING, AND THE APPLICATION THEREOF, INCLUSIVE OF MANUFACTURE
OF SAME."
My present Invention consists mainly of modifications and improvements in
heating, lighting, and ventilating, and manufacture of apparatus applicable thereto,
which modifications are more or less improvements upon Letters Patent granted to
me, No. 1613, A.D. 1880. My present Invention also applies to lighting and also
heating either by oil, gas or other sources of light and heat. In pursuance of the
above and for the better understanding and developement of these my improvements
I arrange my doubled plates formed of suitable shapes adjusted to and placed over
or in connection with gas, oil, coal, or other combustible materials. This Invention
refers more particularly, although not solely, to appliances for heating, ventilating,
medical, and sanitary purposes. Also for lighting, as distinguished from my
apparatus of doubled plates and tubes, being supplied with heat from a distance or
Dear, as described in said Patent. Nevertheless my present improvements are more
or less applicable for use with the appliances described in said Patent.
example, my doubled plates, tubes, etc., may be actuated and heated singly instead
of in numbers, as therein described, and may be made portable if need be. Also,
their contents may flow and return from their lower edges or parts, not necessarily
using their sides and tops for that purpose.
As, for
By this Invention I can obtain a better equalization of temperature, also economy
in the tubing and piping usually requisite for flow and return arrangements. The

page_text: plates and tubes may be in multiple form and have multiple flanges, gills, and
projections containing fluids or steam for increasing the heating surfaces of such
appliances. To carry off the products of combustion flues may be supplied and
utilized, and by regulating the admission of air to them and sources of heat a more
perfect and economical combustion of fuel and improved ventilation can be effected.
My plates and tubes may be advantageously manufactured by preparing, bending,
or capping them previous to their being corrugated, crimped, or shaped, as dis-
tinguished from their being joined at their sections or edges out of materials
corrugated, shaped, or crimped previous to their manufacture; thus numerous
When my
joints can be avoided, and a better security against leakage effected.
improvements are applied for cooling the cooling mixture is passed through the
apparatus, cooling the air in its passage, and promoting ventilation.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said George Edward Pritchett in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
15th August 1881.
GEORGE EDWARD PRITCHETT, of Bishop's Stortford, in the County of Herts.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS OR APPLIANCES FOR HEATING, LIGHTING, COOLING,
AND VENTILATING, AND THE APPLICATION THEREOF, INCLUSIVE OF MANUFACTURE
OF SAME."
My present Invention consists mainly of modifications and improvements in
heating, lighting, and ventilating, and manufacture of apparatus applicable thereto,
which modifications are more or less improvements 'upon Letters Patent granted to
me, No. 1613, A.D. 1880. My present Invention also applies to lighting and also
heating either by oil, gas, or other sources of light and heat. In pursuance of the
above and for the better understanding and development of these my improvements
I arrange my doubled plates formed of suitable shapes, adjusted to and placed
over or in connection with gas, oil, coal, or other combustible materials. This
Invention refers more particularly, although not solely, to appliances for heating,
ventilating, medical, and sanitary purposes. Also for lighting, as distinguished
from my apparatus of doubled plates and tubes, being supplied with heat from a
distance or near, as described in said Patent. Nevertheless my present improve-
ments are more or less applicable for use with the appliances described in said
Patent. As, for example, my doubled plates, tubes, etc., may be actuated and
heated singly instead of in numbers, as therein described, and may be made portable
if need be. Also their contents may flow and return from their lower edges or
parts, not necessarily using their sides and tops for that purpose. By this Invention
I can obtain a better equalization of temperature, also economy in the tubing and
piping usually requisite for flow and return arrangements. The plates and tubes
may be in multiple form and have multiple flanges, gills, and projections containing
fluids or steam for increasing the heating surfaces of such appliances. To carry off
the products of combustion Hues may be supplied and utilized, and by regulating
the admission of air to them and sources of heat a more perfect and economical
combustion of fuel and improved ventilation can be effected. My plates and tubes
may be advantageously manufactured by preparing, bending, or capping them
previous to their being corrugated, crimped, or shaped, as distinguished froin their
being joined at their sections or edges out of materials corrugated, shaped, or
crimped previous to their manufacture; thus numerous joints can be avoided and
better security against leakage effected. When my improvements are applied for
cooling, the cooling mixture is passed through the apparatus, cooling the air in its
passage and promoting ventilation.
In order that my Invention may be fully understood, I will now proceed to
further describe same by reference to the accompanying Drawings, that is to
say:

page_text: Figs. 10 and 11 show modified arrangements of Fig. 6; Fig. 10 having the light
on or above the plate, Fig. 11 having saine arranged for below.
Fig. 12, arrangements applicable for louvres and skirtings of walls.
Fig. 13 shows pivotted screen adapted for lamps or gas with descending flue, as
in Fig. 4; Fig. 14, clevation of jointed tap adapted for screen.
Fig. 15, arrangements for folding screen, also for flow and return, together with
coil for the purpose hereinbefore described; Fig. 15ª, plan of same.
Fig. 16, elevation of arrangements as adapted for lamps.
Fig. 17, sectional plan; Fig. 18, modified arrangement for single lamp; Fig. 19,
sectional view on enlarged scale of multiple flow and return arrangements, as
illustrated in Fig. 15, the casing enclosing flue or coils, being, if desired,
jacketted, to allow of the spare heat being utilized for my arrangements or
otherwise as may be required; Fig. 20 shows arrangement for coil, air being
regulated to flue by flap or valve at bottom and damper at upper part; Fig. 21,
sectional plan.
For the purposes aforesaid I construct cylindrical, curvilinear, rectilinear,
corrugated, or plain tubular portable heaters A, of various dimensions, of metal
wrought or cast in one or more pieces, or of earthenware, or other suitable material
(preferably enamelled). These heaters A may be supplied with flues A¹ and A.²
terminating so as to receive heat by gas, oil, or other fuel, or sources of heat,
and at top an air chamber B may be formed and attached to receive spare heat
not taken up by the fluids in the heaters A. These Blues and heaters may have
flanges or gills C attached to gain heating surface. The air chamber B aforesaid
when supplied can have a flue A² which still further utilizes the spare heat by air
playing upon it. A bag of cloth or asbestos or suitable material E may be attached
and made to dip into a vessel holding a chemical solution (when a descending
flue A is used), such as chloride of calcium, which bag is kept moist by capillary
action, serving to neutralize ill effects and smell of products of combustion, or the
products of combustion may be led into any flue. If lamps or gas burners are used
they will be suspended or applied to the flue as shown, and will have single or
multiple wicks or burners as heat is required (see Figs. 1 to 5). Further, by
placing a holder formed of wire or metal up the flue A¹ and having it supplied with
prepared fuel, spirits, or coal, coke, etc., heat will be economised, especially by the
air or spare heat chamber B and descending flue when used. These portable
heaters may be placed in a tray H, making them self contained. Air passing up
and through these heaters A becomes warmed, causing the air to circulate in
enclosed spaces so as to promote ventilation. Fresh air may be brought by pipes G
or other arrangements to the heaters, in which latter arrangement the open lower
ends of the heaters are closed by plates and dampers. Further, I may bring my
heating fluid, as shown in Fig. 6, in tubing along the base of the heating plates J,
admitting the fluids in or about the centre of the plates, as shown at K, and
causing the fluid to return from both ends L, M, of the plates to the source of
heat. Such tubing may be formed like a figure 8, so as to secure flow and return
action by use of one piece of metal, thus economizing tubing. By this means I
obtain a more equal heat in my plates. Stop cocks regulate the supply as also
the action of multiple flows and returns as hereinafter described. Any one or
more plates can be thrown out of action or partially so by using these stop cocks
as required; thus the heat can be utilized where it is most wanted. This arrange-
ment can also be applied to single or to numerous consecutive plates (as partially
shown in Fig. 6), which will require beating power according to their number and
arrangement. These plates are easily removable. Among other uses these plates
from their flexibility may be formed into incubators, such as boxes, drawers,
rearing-mothers," and poultry appliances, the temperature of which may be regu-
lated and maintained to any degree of heat required by lamps or gas and supplied
with flues and descending flues as before described. Warmth can be rapidly
raised, equalized and maintained, saving labour and expense. When I use coils
for fluids I construct them one (see Fig. 4, A³) or more within the other (as in
"

page_text: By thus
Fig. 19) interlaced so as to obtain several flows and returns by the same action of
applied heat, and at the same time. When the said coils are constructed in close
contact (as in Fig. 19), that is, coil touching coil, I obtain a flue up and over which
heat impinges on the surfaces of the coils, thus economizing fuel.
forming means for separate flows and returns I ensure distinct action to each heater
or set of heaters at such level and position as it or they may be placed, not
necessarily depending upon checks, valves, taps, or other means for ensuring flow
and return action at different levels. Thus I economize tubing and piping usually
requisite for flow and return arrangements. To carry off products of combustion
without taking them into ordinary building flues I form flues of suitable
size to receive burners of different kinds, attaching them to cylinders or tubes,
as, for example, in Fig. 4, thus forming a descending flue, which may be of
larger size, and may be corrugated to gain increased superficial surface for
cooling down the said products of combustion before their escape, thus economizing
fuel. By regulating the supply of air to these flues at or near the sources of heat
by valves or by dampers, as in Figs. 20 and 21, sufficient air only is admitted or
allowed to pass for supporting combustion, the usual rush of air passing through
the flues being thus prevented, and improved ventilation promoted. In constructing
my double plates I take, for instance, a plain sheet of metal, such as sheet steel,
and bend it over, and place inside between the plates thus formed strips of lead or
other metal to form intervals as required, leaving sufficient of the sheet to turn up
at one edge. The sheet of metal is then corrugated or crimped as required, its ends
being turned in and all made tight. Another method is to cap the sheets and then
corrugate and crimp them as required, and all joints made tight to secure against
leakage; also the sheets can be formed so as to have double flanges, gills, and
projections (as shown at C, Fig. 3) of required shape to receive fluids or steam,
and previous to their being milled or stamped when required, thus avoiding joining
on many pieces and rendering them secure against leakage. For the purpose of
heating, lighting, and ventilating, I form suitable supports for lamps for gas
burners, and place them on the top, or at the sides, or underneath my heaters, of
whatever form they may be, by which arrangement they may be actuated or heated
singly instead of in numbers, and are made portable, as shown in Figs. 10, 11, 13,
16, 17, and 18. By this method I get light as well as heat and ventilation,
neutralizing products of combustion, through descending flue arrangement, and
chemical compounds. The flues aforesaid can be brought into use with or without
heaters being attached, as, for example, if fitted to table lamps or gas burners, the
heat and smell from them being neutralized, as in Figs. 16, 17, and 18. For
heating, ventilating, medical, and sanitary purposes, I prefer introducing fresh air
through my indented or other pipes (for which Patent was secured to me,
No. 4428, A.D. 1878, and their application in Patent No. 1613, A.D. 1880), so as
to distribute it in troughs or channels, described in the last mentioned Patent,
instead of bringing the air in by the inlets, as there shown. The heaters (see
Fig. 12, J'). fixed so as to cause suction and motion of the induced air, which
passing over and against them rises up to such height as may be required, and is
then admitted into the rooms or places through louvres or other openings in
different layers at several, i.e., one or more, heights or levels from the floor or
elsewhere, as shown. These louvres may be pivotted or fixed, and the openings so
arranged that they can be adjusted by screws or otherwise to keep them more or
less open or closed according to the level at which the air is to be admitted and
to regulate the quantity of air whether warmed or cooled (Fig. 12). Also for
exhaust or outlet purposes I fix my plates either in straight or curvilinear form at
levels near the ceilings (see J¹) of enclosed spaces, which when heated will cause
the vitiated or upper stratum of air in the rooms to be extracted and replaced by
air admitted through the louvres N, effecting a change of air. Louvres aforesaid
may be used for exhaust purposes, as also various other openings. This arrange-
ment of plates at different levels or heights illustrates my process of heating the
contents by separate flows and returns by means of interlaced coils, thus

page_text: economising fuel and piping. For increasing the heating surfaces of my appliances
by means of multiple tubular form I adopt a modification of Fig. 6 of said Patent
No. 1613, A.D. 1880, which is effected by placing corrugated plates together or
near together, so as to form tubes without using my patent indented tubular pipes
in combination on the top of my plates, as therein shown (see Figs. 7, 8, and 9).
Nevertheless this modification is particularly applicable for inlet purposes, as shown
in Fig. 5 of said Patent, No. 1613, A.D. 1880. This arrangement (Fig. 7) may be
portable if need be and actuated by oil, gas, or any fuel, and may have descending
flues attached. The said plates can be heated either at a distance or near. Figs. 15
and 15 show folding screens (referred to in Patent No. 1613, A.D. 1880, Figs. 2
and 3) so constructed as to allow their leaves to fold without interfering with
the circulation of the fluids within them. This is effected by a jointed tap o
between cach leaf at or near the lower edges of the leaf, and a hinge P near the
top. Fig. 19 is an enlarged view showing coil together with multiple flow and
return, which are applied in arrangement shown in Fig. 15. The coil R is enclosed
in the chamber S attached to descending flue T. The ends R¹ of the coil extend
into the upper portion of the jointed taps O¹, in each case forming the flow into the
leaves, the return being effected by R2, which also forms part of the coil, the interval
between the flow and return pipes being suflicient to ensure a flow and return
action in the same tap. India rubber or composite tubing may be used for the
same purpose. The flow pipe is branched from the tap at the back of each leaf of
the screen R³ into the tap of the adjoining leaf; thus economy is effected in the
tubing and piping. These screens may be portable, having one or more leaves, as
required, and gas, oil, or other fuel may be used for heating them, the products
of combustion being dealt with by the descending flue aforesaid, and they will have
a double or single flue, with multiple interlaced coils within them for heating the
circulating fluids.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said.
Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed or put in practice, I
hereby declare that I claim the Invention of "Improvements in Apparatus or
Appliances for Heating, Lighting, Cooling, and Ventilating, and the Application
thereof, inclusive of Manufacture of same," and specially in the combination of
apparatus or appliances for ventilating and other purposes, substantially as
herein before set forth and described.
In witness whereof, I, the said George Edward Pritchett, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Fifteenth day of August, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and eighty one.
Witness,
T. MORGAN,
21, Cockspur Street, London, S.W.
G. E. PRITCHETT. (L.S.)