Improvements in Fire-arms.
Year: 1894

page_text: Date of Application, 19th Oct., 1894-Accepted, 9th Feb., 1895
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Fire-arms.
I. GEORGE LUGER of 57 Belle-Alliance Strasse Berlin in the Empire of
Germany Mechanical Engineer do hereby declare the nature of this invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described
and ascertained in and by the following statement :--
.
The present invention consists of certain improvements in the construction of
are arms and the object thereof is to afford the person firing the greatest possible
protection and at the same time to render the manipulation of the gun more simple
and reliable.
The invention which is of a simple nature may be adapted to various kinds of
fire arms and carried out in correspondingly various ways.
In the accompanying drawings some examples are given of the application of the
invention to rifles, but the same may be employed in many and various cases other
than those illustrated.
Similar letters denote corresponding parts throughout the several views:
Figures 1 to 20 show one form of carrying out the invention which answers most
purposes advantageously.
Figure 1 is a plan partly in horizontal section of a rifle opened and cocked.
Figure 2 is a sectional side elevation thereof.
Figure 3 is an underside view showing some parts of the lock.
Figure 4 (Sheet 2) is a transverse section taken on the line x x of Figure 2.
Figure 5 is a similar transverse section showing the positions of the novel parts
when a packet of cartridges is being placed in the magazine.
Figure 6 shows a device drawn to an enlarged scale for arresting the small lock
and firing pin thrust forward when firing.
Figure 7 illustrates the cross bolt to retain the packet of cartridges in position.
Figure 8 shows the lever for releasing the cartridge holder and removing the
charge from the magazine.
Figure 9 shows the cartridge lifter.
:
Figure 10 is a view partly in section taken from the left hand side of the gun
lock and magazine.
Figures 10 and 10 B show the grooves in the breech case for arresting the
magazine.
Figure 11 shows the breech bolt with closing head.
Figure 12 is a detail view of the detachable closing head.
Figures 13 show the cartridge extractor.
Figures 134 and 13B are transverse sections taken on the line 1-1 of
Figure 13.
Figure 14 shows a lever for retaining the cartridges in the magazine.
Figure 15 shows the lever for actuating the slide bolt.
Figure 16 shows a cap to cover the lower magazine opening.
Figures 17 and 17B are similar views taken from different positions.
Figure 17 is a separate side view of the catch a belonging to Figure 6.
Figures 18, 19 and 194 illustrate a retaining catch for the ram rod and
Figure 20 shows the split, pin employed as a spindle for the cartridge.feed and
for the attachment of the closing plate to the magazine.
i
The remaining figures show details and modified applications of the invention
and are explained hereinafter!

page_text: In order to positively lock the breech I advantageously employ a bolt on account
of the better ballistic results attained by it, said bolt having concentric lugs cat
its forward end, which when locked engage in grooves at the head of the breech
case and thus receive the recoil or kick at a point in the immediate vicinity of the
cartridge end; since however the lugs c¹ arranged at the forward end of the bolt C
are of limited dimensions in order to effectually protect the person firing against a
recoil of the cylinder in case the forward lugs should give way I employ a
shoulder c formed at the foot of the bolt lever, and adapted to catch laterally on
the shoulder of the recessed breech case (Figure 30) or I arrange special safety
lugs which are preferably adaptable when it is desired to have the rear end of
the breech case B closed and the shoulder c has no support (Figures 54-55^).
Safety lugs can be just as well applied to guns having the breech case B open at
the rear upper part as to those with closed breech cases and the main feature of
the device consists chiefly in the arrangement at the rear end of the bolt C of one
or several lugs in addition to, and independent of the lugs c¹ at the forward
end of the bolt said rear lugs having similar or other section to those at the
forward end.
Figures 54 and 55, show how these safety rear lugs are arranged on the bolt as
also the manner in which the same enter into the corresponding circular grooves of
the breech casing B when the bolt is locked.
In order to avoid any vibration which would occur if the lugs were not arranged
exactly symmetrically and interfere with the precision of the gun, it is advisable
not to let the said lugs abut against their seatings so that the recoil will be
received by the forward lugs or shoulders c' only, in proximity to the cartridge end.
Thus a slight play will be left between the rear lugs and their seatings which
would be maintained until the forward lugs get deformed owing to too great a
strain being put upon them or give way altogether.
The safety rear lugs c possess the advantage over the shoulder c of the lever or
handle which may also have the above mentioned play-that their seatings are as
near to the axis of the bolt as possible and equi-distant from the same.
Although the other parts of my invention may be adapted equally well to bolts
having fixed integral as also to such with detachable heads, I prefer to employ the
latter since in this case if the lugs c¹ of the bolt C actually give way the bolt
head c which partly overhangs or extends over said lugs c will be detained by the
recoil shoulders 61 (Figures 54 and 55) the fractured lugs remaining between the
recoil shoulders and the head, so that even supposing the rear lugs or the shoulders c
should give way the head will still be retained in its seating and cannot break loose
and fly rearwardly.
The risk of the firing without the head as sometimes happens with other classes
of guns is, as subsequently proved totally avoided by the present construction.
The main disadvantage of breech bolt guns hitherto known namely that the bolt
or other part driven forward when firing, kicks or flies rearwardly under the
influence of explosive gases injuring the person manipulating the arm,
I prevent
by the present construction by either directly or indirectly arresting by means of a
suitable bolt, catch pawl or other device, the parts driven or actuated forward in
firing, in their extreme forward position and I thus prevent an unintentional escape
of explosive gases, in a similar manner to that in which a door when slammed to, is
retained by the catch which immediately.engages in its retainer against forces such
as wind.
In one form of carrying out this part of my invention as shown in Figures 2, 6,
10, 11, 17 and 17 a catch a is mounted in a recess, advantageously formed in the
guide bar of the small lock D, and provided with a spring a (Figure 17) which
normally presses said catch down on the bolt C.
The bolt C is provided with a groove a in which the catch a engages when the
firing pin has been driven forward and the arm. discharged and thus prevents thé
accidental recoil of the parts.
tr
Figure 10 best shows the position of the parts previous to firing off the gun

page_text: .e. when the firing pin and trigger are cocked. In firing the gun i.e. driving the
firing pin forward, the catch a is first pressed back into its recess by contact of the
suitably bevelled surfaces of the bolt C and lower end of the catch a and then
snaps into the bolt groove a'. The position of the parts at this time is shown by
Figure 6 on a larger scale, from which it will be evident that a recoil of the smal
lock or firing pin beyond preconcerted extent, when the breech is closed, is quite
impossible.
As it often happens, on account of the different qualities of materials and other
reasons, that the point of the firing pin enters the cartridge shell to a varying
extent, i.e: that the percutient parts are driven forward to a varying extent, and as
the arrest or locking of the parts is to take place under all conditions, the
engagement of the catch a in the groove a' should advantageously take place at
the moment the firing pin touches the cartridge-end, at which time as is well known
the percutient parts have not reached their extreme positions, as shown at Figure 6
where the small lock D is represented as standing back from the end of the bolt C
a corresponding distance, whilst the catch a has already entered its retaining
groove a. The percutient parts could certainly recoil to this extent if the same
had, in firing, been driven forward to their full extent a very exceptional thing but
this would not matter in the least, since the point of the firing pin always fills out
the small guide hole of the head and consequently hinders an escape of the material
of the firing cap or other cartridge material, whilst on the other hand the recoil
of the parts over such a short distance could not possibly lead to damage as the
moment of inertia would be much too small. The catch a or the catch groove a¹ or
both may be provided with teeth, if desired, so that the same shall act in the
manner of a ratchet bar or wheel and pawl.
Instead of the catch groove a¹ which is advantageously cut in the material of
the bolt simple notches or projections may be provided as bearing or retaining
surfaces for the catch a, as provided at other parts and herein after more
particularly described. In employing the above mentioned first form of construc-
tion, the material surrounding and forming the sides of the groove must be removed
in a certain manner in order to permit the release of the catch a when the bolt C
is turned in opening the breech i.e. so as to allow the said catch to escape laterally
when turning the bolt C.
As shown in Figure 11 this is attained most advantageously, by continuing the
groove or depression a¹ toward the right in a slanting direction to the end of the
bolt as at a along which the catch a can pass when the bolt C is being turned
and the small lock D pressed straight backward. The backward passage of the catch a
is facilitated by the fact that the catch or retaining edge of the groove a¹ is arranged
to operate in connection with the catch a before the percutient parts have attained
the extreme forward position. Thus when such percutient parts have been driven
forward into the extreme position the catch a will lie at the forward end of the
groove a¹. In this position of the lock, the closely fitting screw surfaces of the
bolt C and the small lock D effect a momentary rearward movement of the latter
as soon as the back turn of the bolt has begun. At this movement of the parts,
the catch a which stood in advance of its rest or groove edge, will follow the
movement of the small lock D and pass freely to the right along the exit groove a³,
at the same time preventing a direct rearward recoil of the firing pin nut D which
might be caused by a back current of gases. If however, a cartridge is in the
barrel, the percutient parts will never attain their extreme forward position but a
space as previously mentioned will be left between them and the bolt C as also
between the surface c' and the nose or projection d' of the firing pin nut. Although
in this case the catch will close backwardly against its support, even then it can
be placed out of action on opening the breech, since, in consequence of the space
between the above mentioned surfaces of the bolt C and small lock D these latter
will not operate immediately so that a short end play is obtained during which the
exit groove a will always come into contact with the catch a before the small lock
commences its movement.

page_text: Figures 17 to 17B show in various elevations the said catch a, which is
advantageously connected to the small lock D after the manner of a bayonet clutch
as may be clearly seen from the drawing. It need hardly be mentioned that the
manner of effecting the operation and connection of the catch a and other parts
may be varied at will as subsequently explained with examples so long as the object
of the invention i.e. the direct or indirect arrest of the percutient parts-is attained
thereby. Thus Figures 35 to 37 show a modification by means of which the arrest
of the said parts is attained by means of the catch a having spring a fixed to the
bolt at s said catch penetrating into the bolt and acting directly on the pin shank E,
which is provided with a notch a' for its reception, and corresponds with the device
previously described. When now the lock, which is shown in firing position in
Figure 35, is released, the catch a will snap into the notch a' at the forward
movement of the pin shank E and prevent the accidental recoil of the percutient
parts as shown in Figure 37. When the bolt is turned back such rotation as is
well known, not being followed by the percutient parts the catch a passes out to
the left of the groove through the exit passage or groove a³. Figures 36 show the
firing pin shank having suitable groove a' and a cross section through the same
seen from the rear.
As shown at Figures 42 to 45 the catch a can be brought into direct connection
with the pin shank E even more advantageously, if the same together with its
operating spring is inserted and secured in the guide flange of the bolt C. In this
case the supporting groove a' is best provided on the disc piston or plunger e* or
the web of the firing pin shank and arranged in a similar manner to that described
in the previous examples the operation being the same.
Figure 42 shows the lock released and the parts as driven into their extreme
forward positions the opposite of that shown in Figure 6 the small lock consequently
fitting closely against the bolt C and the small space previously mentioned being
left between the catch and its support. Figure 43 shows a firing pin provided
with an arresting groove adapted to this construction. Figures 44 and 45 corre-
spond with these latter modifications with the exception that the arrangement of
the catch a and catch spring on the bolt is somewhat modified, this combination
being capable of a great number of modifications.
Instead of arranging the catch a between the bolt C and pin only, and thus
mutually connecting and arresting these two parts only the same can be arranged
to operate in such manner that the forwardly driven percutient parts may be
arrested on the breech casing, so that the additional advantage of a safe locking of
the arm, and increased facility for adapting the device to guns of older makes is
attained, as shown by the following instances
Figures 39 to 40B show the application of the invention to a gun of an older
system. As shown in Figure 39 a spring a is arranged on the left side of the
breech case, said spring carrying two catches as shown at Figure 40, which extend
through the breech case and project into the metal of the bolt C and small lock D.
Of these two catches, the rear one a which extends into the depression a¹ of the
small lock D forms the detent catch whilst the front one which engages in the
depression or notch a' of the bolt serves to disengage the detent, when the lock is
opened i.e. when the bolt C begins to turn. The operation is evident from the
Figures 40 to 40³.
Figure 40 is a section on line -v of Figure 40 and shows the position of the
front catch a' when it has entered the notch a' of the bolt C. If now the bolt C
is turned to open the same i.e. to the left, the catch a will be lifted out of the
notch a by the co-operating inclined surfaces and simultaneously the detent
catch a carried by the same spring will be raised and slide over the retiring
bolt C. In this case as also in the previously described instances a small space is
left between the detent catch a and its supporting shoulder so that on turning the
bolt to open the same the detent a will be sure to leave the notch a' properly
before it can again meet the shoulder at the immediately following return of the
small lock D. Figures 41 and 41 show the same modification in connection with

page_text: another lock with the only distinction that instead of the notches a¹, a³, hitherto
shown on the bolt C and small lock D, projecting lugs are provided which also
ensure the reliable working of the detent catch a.
It is not necessary that these projections be specially made for the purpose, if
similar projections have already been formed for other purposes. Thus in the
present instance the lugs d' of the small lock which serve to close the case grooves
may be employed as supports for the detent catch a which hooks over the same.
In the same manner other existing portions of the percutient parts can be utilized
as in part shown in the following instances.
As previously mentioned the detent catch a for the percutient parts may be
combined with and operated by parts of the gun or arm in various manners as may
be required. If for instance from any cause whatever it is desired to bring the
said detent catch a into operation at the moment of firing only and to prevent its
operation on the bolt C and firing pin during the other movements of the lock, it
is simply placed in such position that it can only come into contact with the said
percutient parts when firing. Thus in the application shown in Figures 46 and 49,
the detent catch a with its spring a' is attached to the breech casing B in such
manner that it is ordinarily kept out of the path of the percutient parts and can
ouly be suitably lifted and brought into action when the trigger is pulled.
Figure 46 shows the usual position of the detent catch a and its spring a' in this
modification, on pulling the trigger Z, the arm z is pressed upward and bears on
the spring arm a³, which pushes the detent catch a upward into a position to engage
if necessary the small lock D. On the advance of the percutient parts the same
action takes place as described with reference to all the previous examples. The
projection a¹ of the firing pin nut D, which is advantageously used as support or
bearing in this case, meets the detent catch a which is also bevelled, the latter
lowers against the pressure of its spring and then snaps up again at the rear of
the projection a', causing the various parts to take the positions shown in Figure 47
so that the arrest takes place reliably during firing.
Figures 48 and 49 show in various elevations the spring a² and the detent catch a
as employed in this case.
Figure 50 shows a modification according to which the detent catch a together
with its spring a³ are mounted on the trigger Z and operate in following the motion
of the said trigger.
Figure 51 shows an application similar to that shown in Figures 46 to 49, in this
case however the spring is divided into two parts a, a, or two springs having
varying elasticity may be provided, of which the upper weaker part a effects the
return of the detent catch a to its bearings, whilst the lower more powerful part a³
mounted on the arm z of the trigger, works, on pulling the trigger, in the same
manner as hitherto described.
Figure 52 shows an application in which the detent catch a is mounted on an
arm a pivotted to the case B, said arm being normally pressed back in its bearings
by a spring a whilst its engagement, at the discharge of the gun is effected solely
by means of the rigid arm z. and the finger of the hand which acts as a spring at the
forward stroke of the percutient parts.
Figure 53 shows another modification in which the detent catch a, together with
the lever z¹ is brought into action on taking hold of the throat piece of the stock
and the trigger in a. manner similar to that described with reference to Figures 46
and 47.
In addition to the devices hereinbefore described, I employ the following means
to prevent the damaging effects of the explosive gases which get into the bolt C,
such means being employed either together with, or without the previously
described devices.
The disc or plunger of the firing pin which otherwise usually fits like a piston
in the bore of the bolt C is provided in various directions with gas channels - e⑈
(Figures 74 to 76°) the form of which may be varied as may appear advantageous,
as the same simply serve to afford the inrushing gases an exit and to render the same

page_text: harmless by dividing and distributing them, thus depriving them of the power to
blow back the firing pin and small lock D so that no further risk of the person
manipulating the gun being injured by the recoil of the percutient parts may exist.
Various modifications of the invention are shown in the drawings.
Figure 74 is a front elevation of the firing pin,
Figure 75 is a vertical axial longitudinal section and Figure 76 is a side elevation
taken at an angle of 90°.
In Figures 74 to 76 the channels for the passage of the gases are formed in th>
direction of the axis of the firing pin by flattening the edges of the disc e and thus
forming arc shaped openings together with the interior circular surface of the bolt C.
In addition to these channels the edges of the web e of the firing pin shank may be
flattened and provided with lateral or cross grooves and the flat sides of the said web
may be transversely perforated in order to allow the gases to pass from one side of
the web e' to the other and thus to attain a more rapid distribution and expansion
of the same, which soon find their way to the rear of the disc e* and into the bolt 1)
where the same are rendered either totally ineffective or are so distributed partly
by expansion in the larger space and partly by a negative pressure at the back of
the disc e, that all danger of accident to the person manipulating the gun is entirely
obviated. The shapes of such channels
gas
and the following
may be very numerous,
figures are intended to give some instances.
In Figures 74 to 76 the disc is so flattened as to leave parts e of the circular
edges or surfaces of the same between the flattened portions. The narrow lateral
surfaces of the web es are flattened and if desired provided with longitudinal grooves e°.
Transverse holes e are provided in the web e
In Figures 74 to 76 the gas channels are formed by longitudinal grooves
arranged along the narrow surfaces, or edges of the said web e and which grooves
also pass through the disc e. The web e is provided at its flat surface with a long
slot, which passes through the disc e penetrating into the shank E of the firing
pin e*.
Figures 74 to 76° show a shank E having no web e the disc et of said shank being
provided with peripherical orifices e of suitable section, which serve as gas
passages.
Besides the above mentioned devices, the gas ways may be provided by means of
grooves made in the interior of the bolt D and coinciding with the disc of the
firing pin shank E.
In order to prevent injury to the person firing owing to the rearward
of
passage
. the gases along the grooves b when discharging the gun, I arrange projections
(Figures 1, 3, 10, 30 and 41) at the sides of the small lock D which moves with the
firing pin shank E, said projections fitting in the grooves 6 of the breech case and
entering and closing the same as soon as the lock is closed, so that no flame can
pass rearwardly through the said grooves b.
A further advantage of this arrangement is that the grooves 6 are also closed
against dust coming from the outside, the small lock D is more effectually guided,
its moment of inertia increased and consequently the explosion of the cap rendered
more reliable.
I further provide a projection or lug on the bolt C, near the bolt head
(Figure 11) in order to close the right hand groove for the locking lug at the front
of the case B (Figure 30) and prevent the escape of gas at that point.
Furthermore the front collar or ring & forms an advantageous block for rearwardly
escaping gas since it fits the bolt head c exactly.
In the lock I advantageously employ a novel coupling of the firing pin shank E
and the small lock D, which is intended to protect the firing pin and small lock
(which are prevented from moving longitudinally with regard to each other by a
screw thread or threads, bayonet joint or the like) from accidentally rotating or
turning solely by corresponding, mutual and automatic engagement, without the
assistance of specially constructed or operated parts, as is the case with other
constructions.

page_text: In the example here chosen for the application of the invention, Figure 2 shows.
the main parts of the device. The shank E of the firing pin e° is advantageously.
provided at its rear end with a screw thread e, terminating beyond the said thread
in a slotted end piece e¹ of the two parts of which one at least should advantageously
be elastic.
The elastic part or spring, which in this example is represented by e², carries at
the lower part of its extreme rear end a small projection e³ which engages or fits a
depression at the end of the bored of the small lock D. The bore d of the small
lock D is for a part of its length provided with a thread to fit the screw thread e of
the firing pin shank E the rest of the said bore is smooth and large enough in
diameter to allow the small lock D whilst being coupled or placed in position to pass
over the slotted spring end e¹ and its projecting part 3 of the shank E. In order
to effect the coupling the small lock D passed over the firing pin shank E is screwed
up until the said shank has entered far enough into the small lock D to allow the
projection e³ to engage behind the depression of the said small lock D. The
coupling is now in every respect perfect and the independent rotation of the small
lock D.is effectually checked, solely by the special construction of the firing pin
shank and the lock.
In disconnecting the coupling it is only necessary to press the end of the firing
pin shank E upward towards the centre of the small lock D with the thumb Dail and
simultaneously to press the guide rail to the left with the forefinger. Thus as soou
as the projection e of the spring end e' has passed out of the depression of the small
lock D the latter can easily be unscrewed. Of course in doing this it is necessary
to secure the firing pin itself against rotation or it may be fixed against such
rotation when it is fitted to the bolt C, by pressing against it with the ram rod or by
means of a suitable wood support or the like and finally when the head has been
fixed to the bolt such rotation may be prevented, most advantageously by holding
the said head in a previously determined position on the bolt with the left hand and
thus preventing it from rotating, whereupon the small lock D with the firing pin
shank E is first pulled straight back until the web e has passed out of its housing in
the bolt head, the small lock D with the firing pin shank is turned round 90° 50
that the end of the web e lies across the opening of its housing and then the small
lock or nut D unscrewed with the right hand in the manner previously described,
without being hindered by the spring of the firing pin.
In this manner the lock may be taken apart without the aid of tools or
implements, without any risk of damaging the parts and without much trouble,
the bolt, bolt head, firing pin and pin spring inay then be removed or taken apart.
by turning the head round in the bolt end until its retaining lugs come into the
position in which it can be removed freely from the bolt so that it will be pressed
out of the sanie together with the firing pin, by the pin spring. This operation is
performed best by turning the head with the palm of the hand and simultaneously
pressing it in the opposite direction to the pressure of its spring.
In putting the lock together the operations hereinbefore described are performed
in the reverse order.
Instead of the simple manner of carrying out the invention here shown, it is
obvious that both or several parts of e' may be provided with projections or lugs &²
which may engage in corresponding depressions d' of the small lock D in order to
fix the firing pin shank E against unintentional rotation of the same. The threads
may also partly be removed so as to leave fewer or in place of the same, a bayonet.
joint may be employed, if it is required to effect a more rapid separation of the
small lock D and firing pin shank E. Furthermore the threads e or annular
segments of threads may be continued to the extreme end of the firing pin shank E,
if the spring parts & are mounted in grooves arranged parallel to the axis and
between the threads or segments of the firing pin shank E. The parts inay
however be arranged in the reverse manner, namely, by mounting the moveable
parts in the small lock D, and allowing the same to spring into. suitable

page_text: depressions or notches in the firing pin shank and thus effect the locking of
the parts.
I also provide novel means for combining the shell extractor with the removeable
bolt head c, which latter preferably employ, by extending the said extractor
spring to the necessary extent on the bolt head itself. By this means is imparted
to the extractor a strength more suited to its operation and at the same time the
possibility of its falling off the head c and getting lost, for instance when the latter
is taken off the bolt, is effectually precluded.
As may be seen from the drawings Figures 1, 12, 13 and 31, the extractor i
carries underneath the bend of its spring a button-shaped hook, whilst the
bearing of the said extractor, in the bolt head c is perforated at 1, . The
irregular perforation is widened at the rear at to receive the entire head of
the extractor hook, which is able to pass conveniently into the said perforation.
The forward end of the orifice is enlarged interiorly to receive the whole
hook head but narrowed exteriorly as at to receive the throat only of the said
hook. As the perforation 7, 8, penetrates the head c to the interior or bore for
the firing pin e it will only be necessary to enlarge the firing pin orifice at the
required point in order to attain the interior cavity for the hook head i³.
The exact position for the orifice or cavity with regard to the button head
will be seen from the following:-
In order to connect the extractor to the bolt C the same is placed in the
groove of the bolt head c the projection or button being placed over the
orifice the spring extractor bow is then pressed down by the thumb and pushed
forward so that the head of the projection passes into its cavity the throat of
the same passing into the orifice 18.
The shoulder reaches its support and the bolt head e thus connected to the
extractor can be secured to the bolt C.
An unintentional detachment of the extractor from the bolt head c is by the
present invention prevented from taking place owing to the fact that the extractor
spring, which is arranged for a correspondingly high pressure is kept compressed
by the button in the narrow part of the perforation and further because the
distance from the gripping surface of the extractor hook i¹ to the button is less
than that from the end of the bolt head to the orifice 17, so that the extractor claw
or hook must be purposely lifted over the flattened part of the bolt head and
pushed back, in order to permit the button or hook to come out of the widened
orifice. It is advantageous to bevel or round off the sharp edge of the end of
the bolt head in order to permit a more convenient raising or lifting of the over-
hanging extractor claw in taking the extractor apart from the bolt head c which
may be best attained by pushing the extractor back over the bevelled or rounded
off part with the rim of a cartridge and thus removing it from the bolt head c.
The form of carrying out the invention here chosen which is very advantageous
may be varied in a variety of ways, thus for instance by providing a bifurcated
slot in the bolt head c extending rearward and dovetailing in the extractor i which
is provided with the requisite projection; or by means of projections arranged on
one or both sides of the extractor spring which engage and are retained in
corresponding lateral notehes of the extractor bearing of the bolt head, as
also by reversing the arrangement of the detent parts on the extractor and
bolt head.
:
As will be seen from the previous statements, the shoulder which impinges
upon the bearing offers the chief resistance to the pull of the cartridge
whilst it is being drawn out of the barrel, and it is advantageous not to employ
the projection for this purpose at all, so that the extractor spring may be
reserved for, or restricted as far as possible to its specific purpose.
My novel cartridge ejector applied in connection with the extractor described
in the foregoing may on account of the peculiar arrangement and operation o
its parts be employed to serve other purposes such as the prevention of collision

page_text: between cartridges and the barrel as hereinafter described-which augment the
safety of the manipulation of the arm-than its specific one as an ejector.
As shown in the modifications in Figures 1, 2, 4, 5, 30, 31 and 38, the ejector
pivotally mounted in the housing of the breech case B is formed in the manner
of a double armed lever and is positively. operated by the left hand locking lug
or by the bolt head, said parts being correspondingly shaped, to eject the
cartridge and after having done so to return to its housing or normal position
by spring pressure (see Figure 30) as soon as the operating parts of the bolt
lug or head have been removed from contact therewith.
When the bolt C is drawn back in opening the breech the rear shoulder of the
bolt head c or preferably of the locking lug c engages the short arm r¹ of the
ejector pressing the same backward or outward against the pressure of its spring
and simultaneously actuating the ejector arm inward to strike the cartridge
extracted from the barrel, the said ejector reaching its extreme position as shown
at Figure 31 during this action and ejecting the cartridge.
When the bolt C has been pulled back as far as it will go with the lug c¹
abutting against the breech shoulder R, the ejector occupies the position shown
in Figures 1, 2, 4, and 5, in which the longer arm r of the ejector advantageously
projects slightly into the path of the lug c in order when charging singly to
prevent the cartridge from getting wedged in the groove b, which has heretofore
only been effectually prevented by forming ribs and the like in the groove b.
The ejector r strikes the cartridge or cartridge case or shell (which is to be
ejected) advantageously at the side that is to say with relatively long leverage,
and consequently ejects the same reliably but far less energetically than has
hitherto been effected by the devices known, which all effect the ejection by
operating directly on the cartridge end or edge of said end-i.e. with very
short leverage-and thus jerk the cartridge out too energetically often injuring
the next man.
As this ejector r must perform the same movement when the bolt C is pushed
forward or into locking position that it does when the said bolt is drawn back
(Figure 31) it might be supposed that the said ejector would also eject the
cartridge being placed in the breech, this is however not possible because when
pushing the bolt forward to load a fresh cartridge, the positions of the parts with
regard to each other being as shown in Figure 31 the said cartridge is at this time
so far down in the magazine, and below the ejector r that the latter is enabled to
perform its movement over the cartridge; a cartridge however which had not been
properly placed in the magazine would be ejected by this movement of the
ejector r, and thus a collision of two cartridges against the barrel (as often occurs)
and the consequent danger of an explosion is avoided.
In consequence of the novel arrangement whereby the ejector r returns to its
housing immediately after having ejected the cartridge, its short arm entering
a corresponding depressiou (Figure 31) in the bolt or bolt head, the ejection of
the cartridge extracted from the barrel can be effected much sooner than with guns
hitherto known and thus it will be impossible for a cartridge to get into position in
front of the bolt C before the extracted shell has been thrown out.
The main particular advantage of this laterally operating ejector is that the
end surface of the lock which covers the bore of the barrel (and even beyond) as
may be best seen from Figures 4 and 5 need not be perforated or notched, so that
the rearward escape of gases if for instance the cartridge bursts is all the more
effectually prevented.
Furthermore with this construction the left lug need not be cut or notched out
as is the case with other constructions, said lug retaining its full bearing surface
which is of great value.
This device may be applied equally well to bolts with fixed or detachable heads,
with the latter it prevents the bolt (as may be easily seen from the drawings) from
entering the lock without the bolt head, in consequence of the constant pressure of
the spring which projects the short arm into the path of the lug whatever the
B

page_text: position of the gun, and prevents the passage of the same, unless the head c with
its deeper groove or notch which is made especially for the ejector, is in position on
the bolt C.
Another advantage of the arrangement is that the rear arm projecting under
a comparatively sharp spring pressure into the groove c will prevent the bolt C
Irom accidentally sliding forward when shooting and loading with the barrel end of
the gun inclined downward.
Figure 38 shows a modification of the construction lastly described, a second
ejector lever being provided in addition to the first one r, partly to enable any
desired increase in the leverage to be attained and partly in order to allow a more
forward or rearward shifting of the point of contact of the ejector and cartridge.
The ejector lever r remains nearly the same and a second lever is arranged in
the enlarged housing, said lever being acted upon by a spring and being
adapted to follow all the movements imparted to the first lever by the bolt head c
or left hand bolt lug.
The device may be altered at will and according to the kind of gun to which it
is applied and the point of contact of the ejector arm, and the cartridge may be
shifted backward far enough to allow the said arm to come into contact with the
end instead of the side of the cartridge and eject the same in a forward direction;
the said ejector may also be made to operate from below or in any other suitable
manner.
I have also provided simple effective and cheap means for preventing the
possibility of firing without the bolt head e as illustrated in Figures 68 to 73, which
means effectually prevent the entrance of the bolt C into the lock unless the bolt
head c is in position on the same and may simultaneously be employed as an ejector
instead of the one previously described.
This device consists of the arrangement of a single arın lever which projects
under constant spring pressure into the path of the bolt C, said arm having at its
forward end a catch pointing rearward and formed somewhat like a fish hook,
which really forms the safeguard against firing without the bolt head c. If this
arm is mounted and supported in such manner as to slightly. project in front of
the end of the bolt head when the bolt C is drawn back and the brecch open, the
same may simultaneously be employed as an ejector as will be shown.
G
The operation is clearly evident from the modification shown. If in putting the
lock together the bolt head c should be unintentionally omitted to be placed on
the bolt C when the bolt is pushed forward the hook will grip the edge of the
same as shown in Figure 68 and prevent its advance thus effectually preventing the
firing of the gun without the bolt head. On the other band if the bolt C is pushed
into the lock with the bolt head in position on the same, the book will enter
the groove of the head and owing to the incline of said groove, be pushed
backward by the advance of the bolt C, so that the bolt C is free to move
backward and forward when the bolt head c is in position thereon the said safety
hook acting as an ejector.
This simple arrangement may be applied in various positions and combined with
various parts of the gun, the operation remaining in all cases equally effective. In
Figures 68 to 71 the retaining or safety hook is shown mounted in the groove r¹
of the lock case or holder and said hook which swings on the same pin as the lock
holder, is actuated by a special spring and passes through the side of the casing
into the path of the bolt C.
In Figure 72 the safety hook is mounted on the lock casing direct and swings
on the same pin as the trigger block k, the spiral spring which operates the
trigger being advantageously adapted to operate the safety hook or ejector
which enters the path of the bolt from underneath and operates in the same
manner as previously described.
In Figure 73 the safety hook is arranged at a different point again, being
mounted on the trigger Z and operated by the special spring to work from
anderneath as in the previous instance.

page_text: It need not of course be mentioned that the entrance of the safety hook or catch
into the path of the bolt C takes place reliably and under all circumstances,
(irrespective of the operation of the lock holder, trigger or other parts), at the
forward movement of the bolt C; the lever r rests in the breech case B and
cannot be influenced either by the lock retainer or holder or by the trigger in the
bearings of which it is free to move. Instead of a spiral spring the hook or
catch may be provided with a flat spring as shown in full and in dotted lines in
Figure 70.
I also provide novel means for securing the lock when the gun is cocked.
In this case as will be seen from the modifications shown as examples at
Figures 57 to 59 the trigger bar k is made in the form of a double lever so that
when pressed against by the tongue of the trigger Z and depressing the sear or
trigger nose mounted on the rear arm of the bar k, the front arm which
carries the spring is swinging upward and forward. Before this arm (between
the trigger mechanism and the magazine), a locking or catch bolt is adapted to
slide axially and is so shaped as to arrest or release when in its extreme position the
trigger bark and with it the trigger Z, and when projected sufficiently far upward
the bolt C also.
This catch bolt which is provided with a spring is operated by the thumb
lever L pivotally supported underneath the said bolt I said lever L having two
flattened portions (Figures 58 and 60) at different distances from its pivot by
means of which the catch or locking bolt 1 may be retained in the required position,
or as shown in Figures 57, 59, and 60, this may be attained by the eccentric or
flattened bolt or shank of the reversing arms. The bolt is prevented from
turning either by its eccentric head or by means of pins, guide rails and the like
(Figures 57 to 59). The device for operating the catch bolt I may consist simply
of the handle having shank as shown in Figure 60 but in connection with
magazines having lower openings to allow the empty cartridge frames to fall out, it
is of greater advantage to combine such device with the lever L (Figures 2, 10, 15
and 16) which is so constructed as to operate on turning the handle not only the
catch bolt / so as to effect the release or arrest of the acting parts but also to either
close or open the magazine opening and which lies back in an opening or depression
formed underneath the trigger guard when the parts are not arrested (Figure 2), so
that the outlet for the empty cartridge frame is opened when firing, but when the
parts are arrested and the said opening is not required, the same is closed to keep
out dust etcetera.
In any case the handle is held in its bearings solely by the pressure of the
spring through the catch bolt and is secured against axial movement of its
shank by the head of the catch bolt either pressing on the flattened part
(Figure 60) or on one of the rear parts of the cover or lever L, and the said
bolt in following the movements of the said shaft will also guide the same,
since its enlarged head lies between the end rings (Figure 60) which are not
cut away.
As may be seen from Figures 2, 10, and 15 the reversing lever is provided with a
rib or feather on its shaft in order to key it to the magazine cover L shown in
Figures 2, 10 and 16. This rib is equal in length to the length of the hinge
sleeve of the cover which is equal to the distance between the interior of the
magazine walls, and said rib forms a stop to prevent the shaft from accidentally
slipping out of its bearings, so that these parts can only be taken apart when the
handle or shaft is in a certain position, such position being advantageously
registered by a mark on the magazine casing, so that a kind of bayonet joint is
attained.
The shaft may also be fixed in the hinge or sleeve of the cover L by means of
screws, split pins or the like.
Figure 58 shows a somewhat modified form of the cover L; in this instance the
extra handle is omitted and in place thereof the free end of the cover is widened
advantageously so as to extend slightly over the lateral limit of the case magazine

page_text: and to serve as a handle itself, the arrangement and operation of the parts being
otherwise the same as previously described.
In Figures 57 and 59 the cover L is omitted and exemplifies the difference in the
arrangement of the safety device for a gun with case magazine and one without
such magazine.
The exterior appearance of both is only in so far the same, as that the lever when
in its arresting position and turned round in the direction of the trigger guard
extends so far towards the trigger, that the person firing is bound to feel it, as
soon as he puts his finger on the trigger and thus becomes aware that he must
release the lock before firing, which is particularly advantageous when firing in
the dark.
In Figure 2 this novel arrangement is shown on a gun having the lock released
and the magazine cover open; Figure 10 on the other hand shows the device on a
gun, cocked and the trigger locked and the magazine closed by the cover L. It
will be evident from this, that with the parts in the positions shown at Figure 2,
there is no possibility of the lock bolt coming into contact, either with the trigger
bar or with the bolt C, all these parts retaining full freedom of movement; as
Eoon however as the lock bolt has been lifted by reversing the cover L or the
lever and brought into the position shown in Figure 10, the said locking bolt will
be in position with the full part of its shaft located in front of the arm k² of the
trigger bar and will effectually prevent any movement of the said bar or of the
trigger Z, so that the trigger nose k¹ on the rear arm of the trigger bar cannot be
moved and consequently remains in engagement with the trigger nose or beak
the small lock D, thus preventing the movement of the firing pin.
of
The locking bolt 1 may also be lengthened upward so as to extend with its upper
end into a cavity c² of the bolt C arranged for its reception, whereby the bolt C
is positively retained.
A similar operation of the locking bolt and entire locking mechanism would
take place if the bolt C instead of having a combined motion as hereinbefore
described, were replaced by a bolt C having a rectilineal motion only, as shown in
Figure 57 for instance.
In this figure the locking bolt is shown in its lowest position-i.e. unlocked-
and the trigger nose in its extreme position, as when firing off the gun and it
clearly shows how the nose on the front arm of the trigger bar k, carrying the
trigger spring k swings into the notch of the locking bolt 1, which it could not do
if the bolt C were in its position in which the parts are locked as shown in
Figure 10.
Although in the instances above given of carrying this part of the invention into
practice, the movement of the locking bolt is effected either by the suitably formed
hinge sleeve of the cover L (Figures 2, 10, 16, and 58) or by means of a suitably
formed shaft of the reversing lever (Figures 57 59 and 60) such movement may
also be effected by suitable hinged connection of the locking bolt with the
reversing lever or with the cover L. Instead of the vertical and horizontal
position of the parts any other suitable positions may be chosen.
Thus Figures 77 to 82 show a modified form of the locking device in which the
double armed trigger bar (shown separately in plan in Fig. 81) is also arrested by
a locking bolt which passes before the front arm (Figures 77 and 774) so that
the trigger mechanism and all the percutient parts are effectually arrested, whilst
at the same time the person manipulating the gun, on levelling the same to aim will
immediately become aware of the fact that the parts are still locked.
The difference of this device in comparison with the modifications previously
explained is that the locking bolt has not a sliding, but a rotary motion and is
arranged at the side of the breech case instead of at the centre of the same. The
arrangement and operation will be seen from the drawings to be as follows:-
Just in front of the pivot of the trigger bar ka perforation is provided in the
breech case at right angles to the longitudinal axis of the gun, into which the
horizontal shank of the arresting device is placed from the left side and retained

page_text: in position in the casing B by means of a screw. The head at the left of the
casing is vertically perforated to receive the locking bolt whilst the upper disc
of the latter bears partly on the bolt sleeve and partly on a corresponding cavity
cf the breech case, in such manner as to be entirely supported from underneath
whilst the upper surface lies on a level with or runs out to the lower sliding surface
of the left hand lug groove and is then bevelled off, in the cavity of the wall of the
breech casing.
The reversing lever 18 is attached to or integral with the disc of the locking
bolt and in order to fix the said bolt in one or other of the desired positions the
said bolt is correspondingly mutilated at whilst the horizontally mounted spring
bolt is pressed against said mutilated parts by its spring .
Whilst with the known locking mechanisms, the material of the parts producing
the lock of the mechanism is subjected to strains of various kinds, I have based my
invention on the principle of wedging the parts effecting the lock, between the
moveable trigger mechanism and the breech case or other reliable support and thus
the material of my locking parts will not be subjected to tensile strains but to
compression so that a real security against all accidents is afforded.
As may be seen from Figure 78 Section 2-2 the lower end of the locking bolt l
is cut away parallel to the upper mutilations for the slide bolt or plunger so as to
produce the cavity which allows the correspondingly formed front arm of the
trigger bar ka free passage when the bolt is so turned i.e. when the said bolt has
been placed so as to release the parts, whilst in the second positiou, the body of the
locking bolt extends further down over or before the front arm k³ so as to arrest
the trigger bark and effectually prevent any action of the trigger Z.
In order to still further increase the safety in this case as also in cases previously
cited 1 advantageously make the hinge pin connecting the trigger bark and case B
stronger than that connecting the trigger Z to the trigger bar, so that if the trigger
should be subjected to an unusual strain, such as an accidental blow, the trigger
pivot being the weakest point would break, the arresting mechanism would under
all circunstances retain its efficiency.
In order to attain a combination and to arrest other lock parts together with the
trigger, the following device has been constructed, the principle of compression of
the parts effecting the arrest being maintained throughout.
From the head or disc of the locking bolt which rests in the case a part having
a triangular section projects slightly into the longitudinal bore of the said case as
shown at Figures 77^.
In order to allow the free backward and forward passage of the bolt when not
arrested the rim of the disc which extends into the bore is bevelled off as at l*,
parallel to the lower bevelled or mutilated part 1 by which the locking bolt 1 is
fixed out of action.
The remaining parts of the discs are allowed to remain intact, whilst a suitable
cavity is formed in the bolt C, so that when the lever is turned, the bead or disc
of the pin or bolt / engages in the said cavity c and prevents the movement of the
bolt C when the lock is closed, the action of the said disc in arresting the bolt is
rendered absolutely reliable, as the said disc is supported in the breech case by the
locking pin or bolt and cannot possibly be removed even by a sharp blow of the
bolt lever. The bolt retainer or holder, Figure 79, here shown effectually prevents
dust from getting in between the parts and provides an automatic lubrication which
will continue for a considerable length of time.
The shank of the said bolder may be employed to hold oil in addition to the
plunger or sliding block and its spring shown in detail in Figure 80 said oil
being poured into the shank when fixing the parts together, before screwing in the
retaining screw, whence it will by the action of the plunger be gradually pumped
towards the locking bolt and will thus lubricate the working parts for a
considerable time whilst in addition, the said parts are so enclosed within the holder
sleeve that the intrusion of dust or dirt is effectually prevented.
In using the gun as a repeating gun I advantageously employ a magazine placed

page_text: at about the middle of the stock beneath the cartridge rest; in order however to be
able to load or charge the same in convenient and different ways-viz. by means of
a frame placed in the magazine together with the cartridges or with loose
cartridges at any rate with the possibility of reloading with single cartridges,
I have invented the following novel devices.
At the left side of the breech case B above the magazine M is arranged a spring
armt (shown in detail in Figure 14) having a wing or web t2 adapted to extend
sufficiently far inward and over the cartridges in the magazine, as to support the
said cartridges against the pressure of the lifter (which may be of any suitable
construction) whether the same have been placed in the magazine with or without
frame; said arm however being adapted to be pushed aside by cartridges entering
the magazine.
Thus the charging of the magazine can be effected with or without a frame, and
in presence of an outlet opening, and the necessity of a frame holder is avoided,
since the said frame remains in the magazine until all the cartridges have been fired
and then falls out automatically.
This device constitutes of itself a decided and valuable progress in the art.
In order to still further perfect the device I combine the spring arm t with the
presser T. This presser is shown in the former arrangements, hinged to the right
side of the breech case so as to lie with its head at the breech on the one hand and
on the other hand to engage with the spring arm t by means of a cross piece t¹ in
such manner as to press the said spring outward to the left, when pressed to the
right and thus enable the whole contents of the magazine to be emptied into the
hand conveniently and without moving the bolt,--a particular advantage, when
the cartridges have been placed singly in the magazine which may then be closed at
the bottom. In order, however, to be able to complete the charge of a magazine
by means of single cartridges, when the said magazine has been charged with an
inserted frame, i.e. a subsequent completion of the charge with single cartridges,
1 secure the frame N in the magazine against the downward pressure of the
cartridges being charged into the same by means of the cross bolt t', operated to
slide, by the presser T.
This cross bolt which is mounted to slide in a correspondingly arranged horizontal
cross groove of the breech case B (shown in detail in Figure 7) is so connected up
to the presser T, which. engages in its notch tas to follow the motions of the said
presser.
Figures 2, 4, 234, and 32 show the normal position of the cross bolt tas
retained by the constant pressure of the arm tor auxiliary spring or both,
coacting. Figure 5 shows the position of the said cross bolt t', of the spring arm t
and of the presser T, when a packet of cartridges is being introduced into or
removed from the magazine.
The rear wall of the breech o of the breech case B is provided with a notch o*
in which is guided a rib of the cartridge frame N. As may be seen from Figures 24,
26 and 27, the ribs of such frames N are provided with notches n¹ for the reception
of the frame bolt t¹ which crosses the notch or groove o³, enters and secures the said
frame from vertical movement as may be seen from Figures 2 and 4.
The ribs n may be increased in number in all classes of cartridge frames either
to strengthen the same or for other reasons.
I advantageously provide the frame bolt t' with a hooked projection to which grips
round the back of the frame in the depressions ³ or in the notch and thus retains
the said frame from accidentally falling forward so that the shoulders usually
employed at the front wall of the magazine to support and guide the frame need not
be so accurate, and may even be dispensed with as shown in Figure 23³.
A small notch to is provided in the frame bolt t¹ which on a corresponding pressure
being applied to the presser T comes into line with the notch o of the breech case
(Figure 5) and clears the passage for the frame rib n, so that a partially filled frame
will rise into the hand whilst an empty frame will fall through the bottom of the
magazine.

page_text: As may best be seen from the cross sectional figures the button of the presser T
B SO arranged as to come into contact with the cartridge frame when a packet of
cartridges is being introduced into the magazine and thus of its own accord in the
same manner as when pressed by hand, effect the removal of an empty frame, which
may accidentally have remained in the magazine. When completing a charge with
single cartridges, the presser T is not operated, so that the frame will always
remain in the magazine until a further complete charge is introduced when the
empty frame is purposely ejected.
This part of the invention can doubtless be carried out in various ways.
Thus Figures 22 to 22B show an application in which the presser T is pivotted or
hinged to the left side of the breech case B and operates the arm t direct and also
serves as a lock retainer. In this arrangement the magazine can be charged with
loose cartridges with the aid of a guide frame, and also with a packet of cartridges
introduced together with the frame, in the latter case however a supplemental
charging with single cartridges is hardly possible because no cross bolt or other
support for the frame is provided. Such support could however be provided by
forming the spring arm t with a projection adapted to laterally penetrate to a
suitable extent. As will be seen, in this case the web t does not extend to the
rear wall of the breech o and need not grip over a frame if such is inserted.
Figures 23 to 23 show another modification of the invention in which the
presser T is made integral with the spring arm t and the correspondingly shaped
frame belt t', the operation remaining the same as previously described.
Figure 29 shows how the frame may be retained and simultaneously supported
in the magazine; the said frame in this case is provided with projections instead of
notches, over which the lever t" grips. The disengagement of the parts may be
effected by a cross bolt t¹ similar to the one previously described-passing between
the parts or by any suitable counter pressure on the lower arm.
In the modifications shown in Figures 30 to 34 the presser T is arranged
particularly advantageously on the left side of the breech case, so that the charge
may be removed from the magazine very conveniently by pressing the button above
the cartridge inlet with the thumb, or at the side in front of the hinge above the
spiral spring t³, so that the cartridges will rise into the hand which should be held
over the breech casing.
Figure 33 shows an interior view of the presser used in this case, in which
bearings may be provided for the ejector.
Figure 34 shows the frame bolt t¹ as adapted to this construction, which may
either be widened or entirely removed from the notch to toward the right, since the
left hand part up to the notch to is alone sufficient to retain the cartridge frame.
Instead of securing the frame by means of the above mentioned hook t of the
frame bolt t¹, I can secure the frame against falling or tipping forward very
advantageously by means of grooves o arranged at the breech o' and extending
laterally in the breech case B (Figures 21, 23, and 23B) in which suitably arranged
ribs n² of the frame are supported and guided.
Such grooves o' formed in the breech case and according to requirement extended
wholly or partially through the same as shown at Figures 224 and 22B also serve as
supports for the guide frame (for inserting single cartridges) which are provided
with suitable supporting lugs, and which I advantageously employ in connection
with the above modification.
According to the devices hitherto described for securing the cartridge frame
against downward pressure, the supplemental charging with single cartridges, with
the frame inserted, can be effected in various ways, but only really properly, when
the frame also is correspondingly constructed.
Accordingly I have advantageously provided my supplemental charging frame
with the above mentioned ribs n and notches n', or 1 effect the necessary detention
5 of the frame in the magazine by suitable engagement of lugs and the like, which
are arranged on the spring arm t, on the bolt t¹ or on the presser T and retain the
frame at the sides by means of projections or depressions.

page_text: The supplemental charging of the magazine with inserted frame takes place
(if the sides of the latter do not extend too far forward as in Figure 24 for
instance) in the following simple manner; the single cartridges to be charged are
first pressed down into the magazine with their end or bottom in front of the frame
lips and then pushed back into their proper position.
66
"
If the frames however as shown in Figures 21, 24 and 29 are to have their
side walls produced forwardly I advantageously avoid having to push the cartridge
far, by arranging claws a instead of the well-known lips, said claws yielding and
opening out when the breech is opened in inserting single cartridges from above,
so that the cartridges need only be pushed back a short distance. The supple-
mental charging frames shown in Figures 24 and 24 have in common with the
Forbery," "Mannlicher and similar frames which are inserted into the
magazine with the cartridges, the great disadvantage, that in consequence of
the closed guide ribs pressed in the frame, such exact guide grooves are formed
round the beadings of the cartridge ends that the slightest fault or flaw in the
make, or the least dirt or dust-which is unavoidable with the ammunition carried
in pouches in field service-would cause the cartridge to stick, and thus prevent
the rifle from repeating.
In order to avoid this disadvantage and the above mentioned movement of the
cartridge, which is calculated to baulk the person shooting, I have constructed
the following frame which serves all purposes very advantageously.. In this
construction too the cartridges are gripped by a plate of metal or other suitable
material doubly bent and rectangular or nearly so, not however formed rigidly as
hitherto, but yieldingly; each side, at its junction with the end wall, being
slotted from the top toward the centre, in such manner, that on inserting a fresh
cartridge in the frame when the latter is in the magazine the said frame yields
outwardly allowing the cartridge free passage in whatever position it may have
been pressed downward and then subsequently gripping the said cartridge properly
and guiding the same safely, the cut edge of the yielding side-wings engaging
behind the bending of the cartridge end.
Figure 2 shows a supplemental charging frame N of this kind and Figures 26
and 26 show two modifications in different elevations.
As already mentioned this novel frame is like "Fosbery's" formed of doubly
bent sheet metal gripping the cartridges from behind, and the said frame is slotted
at each side at the junction of back and side pieces to such an extent that the
part of the side separated from the back yields sufficiently to enable the
cartridges to be pressed into the frame from above. These slots extend advan-
tageously from the top to about the centre of the frame so that of the two
yielding sides one shall always lie against the side opened up for the purpose in
the breech o' of the breech case B.
The cut edges of this side wing which are free of the rear wall in order to
enable it to yield, serve advantageously to guide the cartridge the beadings of
which enter the slots no and thus retained in the frame are guided from centre to
centre alternately whereby not only is the friction reduced to one half but no hold
is given for dust or dirt and the free passage of the cartridge is secured under all
circumstances. The slotted edges of the side separated from the back are
advantageously turned slightly inward so that more elasticity is imparted to the
isolated wall part and cartridges having no beading will be better guided. In
order to further stiffen the walls, ribs n' or the like may be provided in any desired
number, as shown in the various figures, and the weight of said frame may be
decreased by suitably perforating the same.
In order to facilitate the supplemental charging of the cartridges or to increase
the elasticity of the side walls of the frame, the detached parts of said walls as
shown in Figure 26 may either be reduced in width or the upper and lower edges
of the said walls may be cut out as shown at Figure 26 to form claws n' to grip
over the cartridges, or both these arrangements may be applied in combination.
Opposite the slots n in a line with the centre line of the top cartridge, small

page_text: claws n® are arranged to grip inwardly over the cartridge beading, for the purpose
of securing the top cartridge against accidental displacement; in addition to these
the yielding walls may be provided with special projecting material to retain the
top cartridge in this direction also. These arrangements can only be made with
yielding side-walls and are totally different from all kinds of frames hitherto
known, in which the top cartridge, in order to attain a free forward movement
must be left free at the front, and can consequently easily slip. forward and cause a,
disturbance of the charge.
In order to prevent the cartridges subsequently pressed into the magazine from
coming into contact with the edge of the back of the frame and avoid the necessity.
of first dislodging the same, the said back may be slightly bevelled off towards. the
elastic sides.
With a frame of this kind in the magazine, any kind of guide frame or groove
may be employed for reloading or completing the charge,. it being immaterial
whether the web is arranged on the gun or not the latter of course being
unnecessary if it is not required to charge the magazine without the inserted frame,
since the cross bolt t' which is arrested by the spring will alone be sufficient to
secure the frame in the magazine and the web t is only designed to retain loose
cartridges. My supplemental charging frame is also advantageously employed in
connection with guns having magazines closed at the bottom, said frame being
ejected upwardly when the cartridges have all been discharged.
Figure 27 shows a frame forming a combination of Figures 24 and 264.
In this case the sides are only slotted as far as is necessary for guiding the
cartridges from centre to centre of the frame.
The additional charging of single cartridges takes place as at Figure 24. In
order to ensure a reliable guiding of the cartridge beadings in the guide, slots.no,
I advantageously employ stay ribs n' and the latter on the side opposite the
slot n projecting further whilst the front rib n' projects in the reversed manner in
order to properly turn the cartridges. The herein before described claws n for
preventing an unintentional slip of the cartridges can also be advantageously
employed in this case, since the slot provides the necessary yielding of the sides
although the latter are not in-this case, (as in Figure 26) cut through.
In order to lift the cartridge in the magazine, 1 advantageously employ my
combined lifting or feed device shown in Figure 2 in which when shooting with the
gun in a normal position, the cartridges are carried and raised by a lifter plate m
arranged horizontally or nearly so which moves vertically or nearly so up and
down, under the action of the lifter lever m mounted on the pin m³ and operated
by the spring m³ and pressure bolt m³, said lever m pressing with its specially
formed head m' against the bottom of the lifter plate m.
As shown the lifter plate m³ is provided with lateral strips m³ which slide in the
grooves m of the magazine.
I have hardened these grooves, (which has, not hitherto been done, the material
having been left in a workable state i.e. soft) so that tipping and the like in
consequence of one sided pressure is avoided and the material will remain
unaffected by other influences so that a smooth sliding of the plate m³ is ensured.
The head m¹ of the lifter m is curved so as to impinge, upon the plate m³ in
every vertical position at the same point or at a point best suited for lifting the said
plate. The lever head m¹ is advantageously loosely dovetailed to the lifter plate.m²
in the manner shown at Figures 2 and 9.
In order that the lifter device raising the cartridges may not under: too high a
pressure cause the web t to yield, the upper side of the latter is advantageously
bevelled off at the outer edge (Figure 5) so as to catch onto the breech case when
moved upwardly and prevent its yielding.
As pivots for the lifter lever and the lower magazine cover m³ I do not employ
the ordinary screws, studs and the like, but steel split pins m and m10 (shown in
detail in Figure 20) said pins holding more securely and being more conveniently
inserted and removed.

page_text: It will now proceed to describe the peculiar manner in which the magazine M is
prevented from displacement with regard to the breech case B, which is as well
known, not possible by means of connecting screws alone. This is effected by
allowing that part me of the magazine, which contains the lifter spring to extend
upwardly into a recess of the breech case (Figure 104) and thus be secured
against longitudinal displacement on the one band and on the other, hand by means
of the axial cavity (Figure 10³) which retains the magazine. M against lateral
displacement, so that the connecting screws are relieved of all concussion and a
proper fixture of the magazine to the breech case and consequently proper action
of the magazine is insured.
On account of its well known advantages I employ a sight in connection with my
improved gun known as a quadrant sight in connection with which I advantageously
employ a sleeve shaped foot in order to facilitate the manufacture and adjustment
of the same, said foot having the sight cheeks made integral therewith and
provided with the necessary sight graduations and rests for the adjusting pawl,
said foot being capable of adjustment and fixture above the barrel such arrange-
ment being the reverse of the kuown devices which have the check carrying the
distance graduations either integral with the barrel, or dovetailed to the sight
foot or otherwise screwed or soldered to the said barrel.
The manner of connecting the said foot to the barrel A is shown in Figures 61
to 62; the foot of the sight which is raised above the barrel is advantageously
secured against displacement by means of a pin and also soft soldered on.
The built up sight g-Figures 61 and 62-consists of the sleeve q' having the
integral check q q' with the sight pivotted between the said cheeks and having a
groove or recess at the back with the spring tongue 9'.
Figure 63 shows the connection of the sight and spring tongue q* seen from
underneath and Figures 64 to 67 show the same taken apart, in several views.
The sight cheeks 9 9 are provided at their upper edges with the distance
graduations (Figure 61) the left cheek has in addition to this at its inner and
somewhat projecting edge, the rests, which correspond with the previously
mentioned graduations and in which the spring tongue q' engages with its sharpened
edge, thus holding the sight in the desired position.
The sight q is provided with a groove for the reception of the tongue q* and in
which the said tongue fits so as to complete the form of the sight and the said
tongue can not be taken out of the sight until the latter is removed from the foot
. which can only by done by removing the pivot of the said sight. The tongue q
is pivotally attached to g by means of a pivot q which may be integral with g³
or 9 and the said tongue engages with ribs q³ in corresponding cavities of the sight
in such manner that the said tongue cannot be removed until the sight itself is
removed from the foot.
The tongue q which forms a pawl must be adapted to yield to a certain extent,
in order after having entered the rest, not only to arrest the sight in any desired
position but to permit its easy adjustment; this is attained in the present case by
providing a small spiral spring q but any other kind of spring could of course be
employed, also the pawl 9' could be so shaped as to attain the necessary elasticity
without the employment of an additional spring. Of course the arrangement of
the ribs o' and the pivot q between the sight and the tongue could be reversed,
just as the engagement of the tongue could be changed from the left to the
right side.
As shown in Figure 18 I also attach the front sight to the barrel by means of a
sleeve similar to that of the back sight said barrel not being suddenly reduced as
hitherto, but gradually to avoid bending the same the sight sleeve gripping slightly
over the shoulder.
I have provided the arrangement shown in Figures 18 to 19 to secure the
ram rod, said arrangement being easily comprehensible, consisting of the spring
retaining-lever let into the stock and normally sprung outward and adapted to
grip with the aperture f" in the lug f¹, the inserted ram rod g, having a short

page_text: distance of its length reduced in diameter said reduced perforation of the lugƒ'
gripping over the reduced part of the rod when the latter is pushed home.
I advantageously provide the said leverf with a front hook f which grips into
a corresponding depression in the interior of the barrel ring.
In order to remove the ram rod, the lever f should be pressed inward opposite
the lug when the rod may be withdrawn.
This arrangement has the advantage, with regard to the methods hitherto,known
of screwing in the ram rod, that the rod is always securely retained in position,
will not slip out when firing and can be easily attached or withdrawn:
Finally I will proceed to describe the novel clamps which I employ to secure
the protecting block S¹ to the gun.
From Figures 56 to 56° the difference between the novel clamps and those
hitherto employed may be clearly seen.
In this case, not only are the screws driven into the wood in opposite directions
and almost normal to the strain of the same so that they will not be subjected to a
tensile but to a shearing strain, but also the metal of the clamp p is formed with
tongues p which may be rectangular round or otherwise shaped and cut out of the
clamp in such manner as to be pressed into the block S1 when the screws are
tightened up (or the said tongues may be previously slightly let into the wood)
and serve to assist the action of the screws which by this novel arrangement are
much more durable than heretofore.
It will be easily understood that the remaining parts pl.of the clamp p form
good elastic and tight clips.round the barrel..
This arrangement could also be reversed, so that the tongues p² could be
employed to clamp the barrel and the remaining parts, be attached to the wood:
block, which latter may also be of any suitable material.
Or the screws can be omitted entirely, and the connecting tongues p³ suitably. let
into the wood and employed without screws.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
In connection with fire arms, and for the purpose of rendering the manipulation
of the same more safe and simple.
1. The lock substantially as described, the percutient parts of which are
prevented from recoiling under the pressure of rearwardly escaping gases in
discharging the gun, by means of a suitable arresting mechanism.
2. The arrangement substantially as described of gas passages (e) on the firing
pin shank or in the interior of the breech case, for preventing the injurious effects
of rearwardly escaping gases.
3. In connection with the small lock which is connected to and moves with the
firing pin, the arrangement substantially as described of lateral, projections (d³)
fitting in the guide grooves (b) of the breech case and closing the same, to prevent
the rearward escape of gases and exclude dust.
4. The arrangement of a suitably devised projection (c) to close the right hand
front lug groove in the breech casing against rearwardly escaping gases.
5. The arrangement of special reserve lugs (c) at the rear end of the bolt to
secure. the lock in case of deformation or fracture of the proper locking lugs at the
front end of the bolt.
6. The arrangement of spaces as described and shown between the reserve
lugs (c) and their bearing surfaces in the breech case so that ordinarily the recoil
may be received upon the front lugs (c).
.
7. The coupling of the firing pin shank with the pin nut substantially as
described in which elastic or otherwise moveable parts are arranged on the
firing pin shank or in the pin nut, said parts being, adapted to snap.into suitable
depressions in the corresponding part (pin nut or firing.pin) automatically and thus
prevent an accidental turning of the firing pin shank in the pin nut.

page_text: 8. The combination of the cartridge extractor with the bolt head substantially as
described in which the extractor; mounted on the bolt head and supported against
the pull of the cartridge by a shoulder () and bearing surface (**) located near
the end of the head-is simultaneously kept at the necessary spring tension at the
bolt head itself and prevented from accidentally falling out. when the head is
removed from the bolt by means of specially arranged projections (¿ª³) and
cavities (7) formed on said extractor and bolt head..
9. The suitably mounted ejector lever substantially as described in which the
ejector arm (r) (which advantageously contacts with the casing of the cartridge)
is always returned to its position of rest by spring pressure as soon as it is no
longer influenced by the parts of the lock operating it.
10. The arrangement of a safety hook substantially as described to prevent
firing without the bolt head, said hook being also adapted to operate as an ejector
(Figures 68 to 73) and characterised by being adapted to swing under constant
spring pressure on a hinge suitably arranged in the interior of the case, and
to arrest the cylinder when the head is not in position on the same by means of its
rearwardly turned hook, but to allow the entire insertion of the bolt head, being
pushed back by the correspondingly formed bolt head.
11. The employment of a device for securing the lock, substantially as described
in which a catch or detent bolt (1) having corresponding profile may be axially
moved in such manner as to detain the suitably formed trigger device and arrest
the percutient parts as shown at Figures 2, 10, and 57 to 59.
12. The prolongation of the bolt (1) covered in the previous claim so that the
same may extend upward into a suitable cavity (c) of the breech bolt when the
trigger device is fixed and retain the said bolt immoveably.
13. The employment of a reversing lever (18) to operate the lock arrest suitably
arranged on the gun, said lever being adapted, when the lock of the gun is fixed
and thereby the percutient parts are arrested to approach the trigger guard and
the trigger and occupy such a position as to be felt by the person manipulating
the gun.
14. The employment of a cover (L) which is combined with the lock arresting
mechanism on the gun in such manner as to close the magazine outlet for the
empty cartridge frame when the lock is arrested, and which may be operated
directly or indirectly.
15. The construction of the lock arresting mechanism substantially as described
in which, when the weapon is arrested, the lower end of the detent bolt takes over
the front part of the double arm trigger bar, and thus retains the same together
with the trigger, whilst the upper disc of said detent bolt which bears on the
breech case, projects into the path of the breech bolt and into a cavity of the
said bolt so as to retain the said breech bolt immoveably as shown at
Figures 77 to 82.
16. The employment of the detent bolt holder or sleeve (Figure 79) to receive the
suitably shaped arresting mechanism in which the hollow shank (116) contains the
spring pressed retaining plunger, which not only retains the arresting parts in
their required position by means of suitable flattened portions or mutilations of
said detent bolt but also drives the lubricating material contained in the shank
backward and forward.
17. The employment of the magazine constructions substantially as described
which permit of various ways of charging and in which either
a: A web (2) retains the cartridges loose in the magazine or in the cartridge
frame or,
b: The cross bolt (!) alone is employed for supporting the frame placed in
the magazine with the cartridges, above and below, or,
c: The cross bolt (t') and web (2) together are arranged and may be operated
by means of the moveable presser (T) by hand or by the packet of
cartridges (when loading) to lift the charge out of the inserted frame.

page_text: 18. The employment of a hook (t) to secure the frame in the magazine against
tipping forward, said hook being arranged on the cross bolt (¹) or on any other
suitable part, for instance (*).
19. Securing the frame in the magazine against tipping forward by means of the
groove () extending from the breech (1) of the case along the breadth of
same in which ribs (³) suitably projecting on the frame are guided and
supported.
20. In combination with the magazine construction previously covered the
employment of frames (N) supported above and below by cross bolts or lateral
engagement.
21. The arrangement of the presser (T) for lifting out the cartridges without
having to shift the position of the bolt when employing a magazine closed at the
bottom.
22. The supplemental charging cartridge frame substantially as described
formed of a piece of sheet metal or other suitable material bent round twice, the
sides of which are each separated from the back piece from the top toward the
centre and stand free so that the same will first yield outwardly when the cartridge
(which is to complete the charge) is inserted from above, and then grip over and
retain the said cartridge and guide the beadings of the same in the slots (n) from
the bottom to the centre on one side and from the centre to the top on the
other side.
23. In combination with the cartridge frame covered by the previous claim, the
employment of claws (n) in order to facilitate the yielding of the sides and
the insertion of the cartridges and in particular to enable a corresponding gripping
and holding together of the cartridges, by means of the front ends.
24. The employment of the projections (n) on the frame in front of the
cartridge beading to avoid an accidental slipping forward of the cartridges.
25. The arrangement as specified of cartridge frames secured in any suitable
manner in the magazine in which instead of the usual stamped ribs, slots (n) are
employed in which the cartridges in moving vertically froin centre to centre
are guided alternately at the right and left side of the frame as seen
Figure 27.
at
26. In combination with the whole or partially divided frame as described for
guiding the cartridge from the centre towards the top, the employment of ribs of
varying depth (n² and n³) in order to better keep the cartridge beading in the
guide slots (n and n').
27. The arrangement of the cartridge feed device substantially as described in
which a horizontal plate (m³) suitably arranged in the magazine and supporting
the cartridges, is moved intermittently in a vertical direction by means of a spring
pressed lever (m).
28. The employment substantially as described of case hardened guide
grooves (m) in the magazine (in contradistinction to those hitherto known) in
order to insure a smooth sliding of the strips or lugs (m³) of the lifter plate and
provide against uneven wear, tipping of the plate etcetera.
29. The arrangement substantially as described of the head (m¹) of the lifter
lever, said head being curved so as to come into contact with the said plate (m³) at
the same point or the point most advantageous for effecting the lifting, in every
vertical position of said plate.
30. The dovetail connection of the lifter lever (m) with the lifter plate (m³)
substantially as described.
31. The arrangement of the split pins such as Figure 20 serving as a spindle (m')
for the lifter lever and as a pivot (m³) for pivotting the cover (m³) to the magazine
substantially as described.
32. The employment substantially as described of the means for securing the
magazine on the breech case against lateral and longitudinal displacement, by
mutual axial and lateral engagement of the parts as seen at (m³ in Figure 10
and Figures 10 and 108).

page_text: 33. The employment of the quadrant sight substantially as described provided
with a sleeve which carries the sight cheeks integral therewith, said cheeks having
the necessary graduations and rests for the adjusting pawl, said sleeve being slipped
over the barrel and secured thereto as seen at Figures 61 to 67.
34. The connection substantially as described of the sight (g) with the adjusting
pawl (g‘) by means of a pivot (9) and ribs (9³) in combination with quadrant
Rights.
35. Securing the ram rod substantially as described, to the gun by means of a
pawl or spring lever (f) which grips the groove (9') of the said rod with its
apertured or perforated lug (f) and also fits with its hook or catch (4) into the
barrel ring, thus mutually securing the parts as seen at (Figures 18 to 19).
36. The employment of the clamps for the protecting block substantially as
described said clamps being cut out and curved in such manner as to enable them
to be secured as far as possible laterally in the projecting or guard block, the
screws, nails or other parts of the clamp, which pass into the block being arranged
in such manner as to be subjected to a shearing strain, and at the same time, to
allow the tongues embracing the barrel the requisite amount of spring as seen at
Figures 56 to 56º.
37. All the devices described, as a whole, in groups, or separately as applied to
the present novel fire arm system or for fire arms of other construction all
substantially as described.
Dated this 19th day of October 1894.
WHITE & WOODINGTON,
27, Southampton Buildings, London, 'Agents.