improved Wooden Tubing and Segments thereof.
Year: 1896

page_text: improved
Wooden Tubing and Segments thereof.
I, MAURICE WILLIAM SMITH, of 12, Coronet Street, Hoxton, in the County of
London, Chair Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention
to be as follows:-
My invention relates to the manufacture of a new class or kind of wooden tubing
and segments thereof, the object being the production of specially light, strong and
rigid tubing and segments of tubes at small cost, and whereby great durability
and other advantages are gained. This new kind of wooden tubing and manu-
facture is specially applicable in the construction of cycles of all kinds and other
vehicles, and is useful also for many other and general purposes.
According to my invention the tube or segment is composed of a series of veneers
or layers of wood arranged with the grain of each layer disposed and running in a
different direction to or at any suitable angle with that of the layer next to it, the
whole being firmly glued or secured together. For example in a 3-layer tube
the inmost layer is formed on a mandrel with its grain running longitudinally; the
joint is lapped and securely glued and cleaned down flush. The next layer may be
spirally wound upon the first, or the wood may be cut and bent around same with
grain running circumferentially and suitably jointed, the two layers being well
glued together. The outermost layer is arranged in the same way as the inmost
and glued over the middle layer and well jointed. For stronger tubes more layers
are similarly applied. All straight tubes whether cylindrical, oval, or of other
shape may be made in this way, but for bent, curved, or shaped tubing of any kind
the tube is made in halves or segments each composed of three or more veneers
having their grains crossed and arranged as above described. The wood of the
layers is cut to proper shape for moulding, well covered with glue or equivalent,
and then pressed into a mould of suitable kind and required curvature. The edges
of the two halves being prepared for jointing they are then put together, and the
joint made by stepping back the veneers, scarfing, or butting, and if desired for
extra strength butt strips may be applied with the grain running circumferentially
of the bent tube, or the compound tube may be wrapped with an outer veneer with
the grain in circumferential direction.
In manufacturing segments of wooden tubes such as are required for cycle
wheel rims and so forth the same compound method of manufacture with alternately
crossed grained layers is followed, any required cross-sectional shape being readily
produced.
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1
1000

page_text: An Improved Manufacture of Wooden Tubing and Segments thereof.
I, MAURICE WILLIAM SMITH, of 12, Coronet Street, Hoxton, in the County of
London, Chair Manufacturer, do hereby declare, the nature of this invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement:-
My invention relates to the manufacture of an improved kind of wooden tubing
and segments thereof, the object being the production of specially light, strong and
rigid tubing and segments of tubes at small cost, and whereby great durability
and other advantages are gained. This improved wooden tubing and curved
segments are specially applicable in the construction of cycles of all kinds and other
vehicles, and the rims of cycle wheels, and are useful also for many other and
general purposes.
A wooden tube or segment made in accordance with my improved method and
process is composite and consists of a combination with a series of veneers or: layers
of wood each moulded to cylindrical or suitably curved form and arranged with the
grain disposed and running in the longitudinal direction of the tube or segment
(and well jointed if tubular) of one or more interposed veneers of wood, either
helically wound upon such longitudinally grained layer or layers, or equivalently,
bent around same, or if it be a segment pressed into same, with the grain in a trans-
verse direction thereto (and well jointed if tubular) so that the grain of the wood
of each layer runs in a different direction to, or at any suitable angle with, that of
the layer or layers next to it. In this combination any required number of veneers
or layers may be employed, but the grain of the wood of the inmost and outmost
layers is always arranged in longitudinal directions, and all the veneers are firmly
glued or secured together.
In fully describing my invention I will refer to the accompanying drawings in
which Fig. 1 is a view of a portion of a straight circular tube illustrating the mode
of construction of a three-layer tube. Fig. 2 shows a portion of an oval tube, and
Fig. 3 represents a portion of a wheel rim or curved tube segment, each constructed
in accordance with my invention.
In Fig. the inmost layer of wood a is bent round a mandrel with its grain
running longitudinally of the tube; its joint a¹ is lapped as shown and securely
glued, and cleaned down flush. The surface is then well covered with glue and the
next superposed layer b is either spirally wound upon the first with butted edges as
in Fig. 1, or the wood of the second layer may be cut and bent around the first
tube a but with its grain running circumferentially of the said tube as shown
in Fig. 2 and well jointed, the two layers a and b being thus well glued and securely
fixed together. The surface so formed being well covered with glue the outermost
layer of the 3-layer tube illustrated is arranged with une grain in the same way
as the inmost layer a being bent around and lapped and glued over the middle
wound or curved over layer and well jointed. For stronger tubes more layers are
similarly applied but always with a different disposition of the grain and the
outer one always longitudinally grained. All straight tubes whether cylindrical,
oval or of other shapes may be made in this way, but for bent, curved or "shaped"
tubing of any kind the tube is made in halves or segments. Such construction is
shown in Fig. 2 wherein each segment A and B is composed of three veneers or
layers a b and c having their grains disposed crosswise and arranged in a manner
such as is above described. The wood of the various layers is cut to the proper
shape for moulding, well covered with glue or equivalent and then pressed into a
mould of a suitable kind and required curvature or curvatures in each direction.

page_text: The meeting edges of the two halves A and B being prepared for jointing they
are then put together and the joint made either by stepping back the veneers or
by scarfing, or butting in such a way as is shown in Fig. 2, and if desired
for extra strength, butt strips such as d may be applied to the joints with the grain
running circumferentially of the bent tube, or the compound tube especially if of
considerable diameter, may be wrapped with an outer veneer with the grain in
circumferential direction. This is not shown but will be well understood.
In the wheel rim or curved, segment a portion of which is shown in Fig. 3, the
veneers or layers a b c are arranged in a manner somewhat similar to one of the
halves A or B the tube shown in Fig. 2 that is to say, with their grain running
in different directions; they are then glued and pressed in a suitable mould, any
cross-sectional shape being afterwards readily produced by tooling.
The thickness of each layer will be determined by the ultimate strength of tube
or segment to be produced, and in cases where great strength is required the
individual layers may be duplicated, that is to say, a layer may consist of two thick-
nesses of wood firmly glued together with the same lay of grain and with broken
joints, the several duplicated layers being afterwards put together to form the
complete tube or segment as above specified.
Tubing and shaped parts made in accordance with my invention are applicable
to many uses where rigidity lightness and strength are required, and especially
in the manufacture of cycle frames and wheel rims.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said in-
vention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is:-
1. The manufacture by the series of processes herein described of composite
tubing and segments thereof consisting of a combination with a series of veneers
or layers of wood each moulded to cylindrical or suitably curved form and arranged
with the grain in the longitudinal direction of the article of one or more interposed
veneers of wood, either helically wound upon or bent around or pressed into such
longitudinally grained layer or layers with the grain crossing same in transverse
direction, the grain of the wood of the inmost and outermost layers of said combina-
tion being always arranged in longitudinal directions and all the veneers being
firmly glued or secured together and finished substantially as herein set forth.
2. The improved wooden tubing and curved or straight segments therof
manufactured substantially in the manner and for the purposes herein described.
Dated thi 101 1
100%
For the Applicant,
J. C. CHAPMAN,
70 Chancery Lane, London, W.C., Chartered Patent Agent.