matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF OBTAINING IRON FROM ITS ORE, AND IN THE SUBSEQUENT TREATMENT THEREOF FOR CONVERTING THE PRODUCT INTO A METALLIC STATE, AND IN APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Silvester Ingledew at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 28th
April 1868.
I, SILVESTER INGLEDEW, of Stockton-on-Tees, in the County of Durham,
Wharfinger, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "CERTAIN
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF OBTAINING IRON FROM ITS ORE, AND IN THE
SUBSEQUENT TREATMENT THEREOF FOR CONVERTING THE PRODUCT INTO A METALLIC
STATE, AND IN APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH," to be as follows:-
In the ordinary method of obtaining iron from its ore, the stone or ore is
calcined, then mixed with coke, coals, and limestone, and afterwards submitted
to the action of a hot or cold blast furnace.
My Invention is designed for the purpose of obtaining the iron from the ore
without the aid of a blast furnace, and consists, first, in reducing the ore by
grinding or pulverizing in an ordinary grinding apparatus, or one suitably
arranged for the purpose, it is then to be placed in a perforated rotating
chamber or receptacle, through which water passes, wherein the heavier
particles of granulated metal are precipitated by gravity to the bottom, the
lighter earthy and other matters being carried off by the water. This residuum
of washed granulated iron ore (which still retains a small quantity of silica
and silicate of potassium) is then conveyed to an open flat vessel or "drying
frame," where the moisture is evaporated therefrom, and it is afterwards
passed into an ordinary air or reverberatory furnace, by which it is reduced to
cast metal.

page_text: I would remark, that in order to regulate the quality of iron, I employ in
connexion with the granulated iron from the drying frame any necessary
proportion of alkaline carth, alkaline bases, and carbonaceous matter, which
will have the effect of chemically combining with any extraneous matter,
so as to facilitate the separation of the iron, and so influence the quality of the
same as to render it applicable to the production of bar iron plates or other
descriptions of manufactured iron.
IMPROVEMENTS APPLICABLE TO PADDLE AND OTHER PROPELLING WHEELS FOR NAVIGABLE VESSELS
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Jolliffe, Thomas Jolliffe,
William Graham, and Henry Taylor at the Office of the Commissioners
of Patents, with their Petition, on the 3rd September 1863.
We, WILLIAM JOLLIFFE, and THOMAS JOLLIFFE, both of Liverpool, in the
County of Lancaster, Steam Boat Owners, and WILLIAM GRAHAM, of the
same Place, Ship's Joiner, and HENRY TAYLOR, of the same Place, Ship's
Joiner, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
APPLICABLE TO PADDLE AND OTHER PROPELLING WHEELS FOR NAVIGABLE VESSELS,"
to be as follows, (that is to say):-
This Invention has for its object an improved form and construction of
paddle floats or wings, which are applicable to the common paddle or other
propelling wheels of steam or other vessels. These improved floats or pro-
pelling wings in contour or profile much resemble the wing of a bee, or
the flat longitudinal section of the body of a chemist's glass retort, and are
constructed of flat iron, steel, or other suitable material, having a curvilinear
longitudinal twist on the surface, and dip into the water and rise therefrom
without the splash of an ordinary paddle, the twisted and narrow neck being
so formed that the "back water" passes thereby.
To apply these improved floats or paddle wings to a three-rimmed paddle
wheel, the Inventors prefer to place them in pairs, having the narrow ends of
the floats attached to the centre rim or arms, and carrying them backwards at
such an angle to each other as may be required by the pitch of the curve,
and attaching the broad end of one of the floats to the outer arm next in rear

page_text: and the other to the inner arm immediately behind it ; or the broad ends of
the floats may be attached to the outer and inner rims in place of to the arms
or spokes of the wheel, or they may be secured to both, as may be found most
convenient or desirable. These floats may also be adapted to a wheel having
but one or two rims, or 'but one series of arms, or they may be applied to a
wheel placed in the centre or any other part of a vessel. And in some cases
it may be found advantageous to place the floats singly at alternate angles to
each other.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF LETTER, TOURIST, DESPATCH, AND OTHER SIMILAR BAGS OR RECEPTACLES
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Edward Blundon and Edward
Henry Blundon at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents with
their Petition, on the 30th November 1863.
We, JOHN EDWARD BLUNDON and EDWARD HENRY BLUNDON, both of Fleet
Street, in the City of London, Portmanteau and Travelling Bag Manu-
facturers, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF LETTER, TOURIST, DESPATCH, AND OTHER SIMILAR BAGS OR
RECEPTACLES," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object the construction of letter, tourist, despatch,
and other similar bags or receptacles, whereby the contents of such receptacles
are rendered secure from abstraction. For this purpose we apply an inner
flap or cover to bags or receptacles of this character, and when closing the
same the edge of this flap or cover is inserted underneath or between the
front or upper surface of the bag, to which the flap or cover is secured by a
lock or otherwise, or the outer flap may be employed to secure the entrance
to the bag or receptacle. The inner flap or cover when locked or secured
will thus prevent the introduction of the hand or other means for abstracting
the contents of the bag or receptacle without unlocking the same, as is
possible in bags or receptacles of this character as heretofore constructed.
IMPROVEMENTS IN METAL SHEATHING FOR SHIPS AND VESSELS, AND IN THE SECURING OF SUCH SHEATHING THERETO
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Saunders at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 3rd
March 1863.
I, ROBERT SAUNDERS, of Croydon, in the County of Surrey, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN METAL
SHEATHING FOR SHIPS AND VESSELS, AND IN THE SECURING OF SUCH SHEATHING
THERETO," to be as follows:-
The under side of the sheathing, or that intended to be next to the planking
or skin of the ship or vessel, is to be made of uneven surface or ridged so as to
provide at intervals thicker portions to admit of counter-sinking the heads of
the nails or screws necessary for securing the said metal or sheathing to the
ship or vessel. And in order to the better securing of the sheathing, I would
screw or nail on strips of metal fore and aftwise to receive the edges of the
sheathing. Between the intervals aforesaid I can fill in thin cork or any
other soft material. By these means I am enabled to produce a uniform
outer surface such as will be conducive to the speed of the ship, besides
avoiding the necessity of using so many nails as are at present employed.
A NEW APPARATUS FOR INDICATING APPOINTMENTS OR FIXED ENGAGEMENTS
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Myers at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 2nd May
1863.
I, HENRY MYERS, of Paris, Rue Meslay, No. 55, in the French Empire,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "A NEW APPARATUS
FOR INDICATING APPOINTMENTS OR FIXED ENGAGEMENTS," to be as follows:-
The mode hitherto generally practised by commercial, legal, and other
professional men and men of business when making appointments has been to
insert same in a diary or other book, or on a slate, which has to be referred to
from time to time to refresh the memory. Now the object and intention of
this Invention is to present to view continually the notice of an appointment
and the time thereof by means of a piece of mechanism or apparatus of the
following construction:-I form, for example, a circular clock dial with
thirteen divisions thereon, twelve of said divisions representing twelve hours,
and the thirteenth division being employed for the purpose herein-after
described. I form said dial of two 'discs, the outer one having hours and
minutes inscribed thereon, and the inner disc having thirteen divisions marked
thereon by lines radiating from the centre, said lines corresponding to the
thirteen divisional lines on the outer disc aforesaid; the inner disc aforesaid is
intended to be made of any material that can be written upon as a tablet; at
the centre of the inner dise I affix a pivot, on which is mounted one or more
hands reaching to the hours on the outer disc. The appointments are written
on one or more of the divisional spaces on the inner disc aforesaid, opposite to
the hour at which the appointment is fixed, for one of the indicating hands

page_text: being placed opposite to the hour at which the appointment is to be kept, so
as to draw attention thereto. In this manner several appointments at different
hours in the same day may be indicated and presented to notice by hanging
the instrument in any conspicuous place. The thirteenth space, before referred
to, is intended to receive the indicating hands when there are no appointments
to be kept.
To adapt this Invention to diurnals or date registers, such as are now used
in offices and places of business for displaying the day of the week and month,
I form a rectangular skeleton case, and around same I paint twelve figures
and divisions representing hours and minutes, and form holes through said
case on each line opposite to the figures and divisional lines of the hours and
half hours, and in one or more of said holes in the space on which an appoint-
ment is written I place a button to draw attention to the appointment at the
hour for which said appointment is fixed.
I propose to adapt the foregoing arrangement to memorandum books,
portemonnaies, portefolios, barometers, and various other useful articles.
IMPROVEMENTS IN JACQUARD MACHINES
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert William Sievier at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 5th June
1863. A communication from abroad by Edouard Maximilien Augustin
Rigo, residing at Neuilly, near Paris, and Charles Grognet, residing at
Paris, both in the Empire of France.
I, ROBERT WILLIAM SIEVIER, of Guilford Street, Russell Square, in the
County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN JACQUARD MACHINES," a communication to me from abroad
by Edouard Maximilien Augustin Rigo, resident at Neuilly, near Paris, and
Charles Grognet, resident at Paris, both in the Empire of France, to be as
follows:-
These improvements consist in the mode adopted for making the cylinder of
the jacquard machine (which carries round the cards upon which the pattern
is pierced) to press in a gradual and soft mauner upon the points of the needles,
so that a paper may be used instead of a cardboard. Many attempts have
been made to accomplish this purpose, but without useful effect, as the hard
blow given by the machine now in use causes the needles to pierce the paper
and renders such useless, and the expensive cardboard is resorted to. This
paper is to be used either in oblong pieces, as is now adopted, or in one endless
band of the necessary width; by this means the expense of lacing the cards
together is saved. This paper is easily creased at the proper places so as to
make it work properly round the square cylinder, so termed in jacquard
machines. In the ordinary jacquard the cylinder at every quarter of a turn
is made to strike hard against the needles, which makes it requisite to use

page_text: cardboard or thin metal, through which are punched holes to suit the pattern
In these improvements a soft blow is obtained, or soft pressure
at the last portion of the fall of the grid or griffe, by means of a bar which
extends from the front to the back part of the jacquard, and which bar carries
at its end a wedge-shaped piece, which wedge-shaped piece, falling against a
fixed point on an arm or projection fixed to the frame of the jacquard, draws
the bar backward, and with it the batten to which is attached the cylinder;
this motion brings the cylinder gradually against the needles, producing the
same effect as is now caused by the hard blow; but by the graduated pressure
effected by this wedge-shaped piece a paper may be used to stamp or cut out
the pattern, instead of an expensive cardboard, and no lacing being required
on the endless paper, much time and expense is saved.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF GAS
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Brown Wilson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 2nd
February 1863.
I, EDWARD BROWN WILSON, of No. 5, Parliament Street, in the City of
Westminster, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF GAS," to be as
follows:-
My Invention consists in the manufacture of gas from oil by placing in a
suitable vessel containing the oil a coil of piping, pipe or pipes, through
which I pass hot water, air, or steam at such a temperature as shall generate
gas from the oil contained therein, which vessel may be large enough to be
but partially filled with oil, leaving the remaining space for gas, or a separate
receiver with purifiers may be connected.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN COLLARS AND CUFFS
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Speight at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 5th November
1863.
I, GEORGE SPEIGHT, of 5, Saint John Street Road, Clerkenwell, in the
County of Middlesex, Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "AN IMPROVEMENT IN COLLARS AND CUFFS," to be as follows:-
The chief object of this Invention is to produce an economical collar of
suitable appearance and comfortable wear. The Invention is more especially
applicable to collars which, or the "tops" of which, are of paper (combined or
not with textile fabric), or of some fabric inferior to linen. Collars consist of
two portions, one called the "band," which is the portion directly encircling the
neck, and the other called the "top," which is the portion turned down in turn-
down collars and raised in stand-up collars, and presents a surface exposed to
view. Hitherto these two portions have been in a single piece, or at least
attached together so as to form one piece, and not to be separated without
destroying the collar. Hence if only the "top," or part in view, became soiled
or crumpled, and had to be changed, the whole collar had to be changed (and
if of paper became useless). Now according to my Invention. I form the
"band" as a separate or distinct piece from the "top," and I provide it with
buttons or other kind of easily worked attachments, whereby a "top" might
be readily connected with the band, or disconnected from it. The band should
be composed of a material more durable or substantial than that composing
the top, as, for example, of leather, cloth, silk, metal, caoutchouc, or other
substance, enamelled or not; but what I recommend is enamelled cloth or

page_text: metal, as it can be cleansed by sponging. The "top" may be of a less sub-
stantial or durable material, such as paper, covered or not with textile fabric,
pieces of calico cemented, or other substance. Thus one band will serve for a
number of tops, and may be worn for a much longer period, so that a top may
be attached to it, say, for a day's wear, and replaced by a fresh one without
having to change, or without injuring the band. And if the top be of paper,
wholly, partially, or not covered with textile fabric, or of calico, or other cheap
substance, a considerable economy is obtainable in the manufacture, as such
tops can be cut out rapidly and cheaply; moreover, the collar fits better, and
is less liable to break or bend. The tops should have button-holes or other
suitable contrivance for convenient connection with the fastenings on the
band. The material I mostly recommend for the "top" is paper covered or
not with linen on one or both sides, with turn-over or raw edges.
The Invention is also applicable in a similar manner to cuffs. Here a further
advantage is obtainable in manufacturing a band or inner piece, intended to be
next the arm, of a warmer or coarser material than an outer piece connected
therewith, so as to be removable therefrom.
IMPROVEMENTS IN HOOPS OR BANDS FOR FASTENING BALES, AND IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR MAKING THE SAME
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel Wilson at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 9th May
1863.
I, SAMUEL WILSON, of the City of Manchester, Engineer, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN HOOPS OR BANDS FOR
FASTENING BALES, AND IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR MAKING THE SAME," to
bo as follows:-
The object of my Invention is to dispense with the rivets usually required
for fastening the ends of metal bands. In performing my Invention I make
the ends of the bands with V or other shaped recesses and projections which
fit into each other; the ends of the bands when brought together are securely
held by a clip, which is slipped over them; the clips are made of malleable
cast iron, or of sheet iron, or wire bent over a mandril. In unfastening a bale
secured by the above described improved hoops or bands, it is only necessary
to slide the clip beyond the recesses and projections, the bands are then at
liberty, and may be used over again. When the recesses and projections are
formed by rolling, a steel block, with corresponding recesses and projections, is
inserted into the circumference of the roll, which block is capable of being
removed when worn. The recesses and projections may be made in a swage or
in any other convenient manner.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN CLASPS FOR PORTEMONNAIS, POCKET BOOKS, BAGS, AND OTHER LIKE USES
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henri Adrien Bonneville at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
28th October 1863.-A communication by Paul Claparede, residing at
Montpellier, Department of the Herault, France.
I, HENRI ADRIEN BONNEVILLE, Patent Agent, of the British and Foreign
Patent Offices, 24, Rue du Mont Thabor, Paris, in the Empire of France,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVEMENT IN
CLASPS FOR PORTEMONNAIS, POCKET BOOKS, BAGS, AND OTHER LIKE USES," com-
municated to me by Paul Claparede, a person resident at Montpellier,
Depatement of the Herault, France, to be as follows, that is to say:
This improvement consists in the suppression of of the means ordinarily
employed for holding together the two sides of a clasp, and in obtaining their
adhesion, by employing a spring forming part of the clasp itself.
The Figures of the annexed Drawing represent an application of this
principle to a purse seen in front and from the side, in which A, A¹, are two
sides of a clasp shutting one into the other. B, B, the pins by which they
are united, and which form their hinges. The band C of the side A¹ is slit
from D to E, so as to have a certain spring. When the two sides are sepa-
rated by opening the purse, the square end of the band F at the side A
presses on and against the slit parts D, E, of the band C on the side A¹, thus
forming a spring and tending to shut the purse unless the lower ends of the
band C are at right angles with the opposite band. In this case the clasp
remains open.
IMPROVED TOYS
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Auguste Charles Joseph Lengelée,
François Philippe Morel, and Desiré George Mathieu Coquet at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on the 30th
December 1863.
We, AUGUSTE CHARLES JOSEPH LENGELÉE, FRANÇOIS PHILIPPE MOREL, and
DESIRÉ GEORGE MATHIEU COQUET, all of Paris, France, Gentlemen, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVED TOYS," to be as
follows:-
The Invention relates to a new description of toys imitating a bird, and the
same consists in forming, by means of thin vulcanized india-rubber, a very
light closed bag or pouch, the shape of which is to correspond as nearly as
possible with that of the bird to be imitated, which bag or pouch is to be inflated
either with atmospheric air or with any suitable gas of less specific gravity
than this latter. The bag or pouch may be coloured, stained, or painted to
imitate the bird's plumage, or even feathers, paper, goldbeaters' skin, or other
light materials of suitable form and colour, or painted, be adapted to the bag
for imitating the plumage, wings, tail, bill, or other parts of the bird, the parts
imitating the wings being by preference attached to the bag in such manner
as to imitate when moving the flapping of bird's wings, or the wings may
simply be painted on the outside of the bag. If intended to be filled with air,
the bag or pouch is provided with a small tube or orifice for insufflating air in
the bag, and, if wished, also with a small whistle actuated by the air escaping
from the bag, whereas if this latter is to be filled with hydrogen or other gas

page_text: of less specific gravity than the atmospheric air, the bag must be kept captive
by a string or other suitable means.
The Invention allows of imitating any description of birds with a more or
less long neck, bill, eyes, feet, tail, plumage, and fixed or flapping wings, thus
forming a new description of toys.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN BUCKLE AND HOOK FASTENINGS
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Paterson at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 5th February
1863.
I, JOHN PATERSON, of Staining Lane, in the City of London, Warehouse-
man, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN BUCKLE AND HOOK FASTENINGS," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists of two parts, which may be used together or sepa-
rately; the first is in the form of a buckle, and the Invention therein consists
in forming the buckle all in one piece, as hereafter stated. The teeth or
prongs of the buckle are formed by slotting out parts from the buckle plate,
and by leaving parts projecting beyond portions removed from between these
projections; a bar is left below and at a slight distance from the projecting
parts or prongs, and below this bar a piece is slotted out to allow passage to
the material to which the fastening is to be applied. The upper part of the
plate above the bar is bent slightly backward. The hook fastening, which
may be formed in the buckle flap, or, as before stated, may be used separately,
consists of the end of the flap (or end of a plate) turned over, and with the
point made to project and bend slightly downward; a tongue stamped or cut
out of the flap or plate is then shaped and brought over the point and end of
the turned up hook, whereby a safety spring hook is produced.
IMPROVEMENTS IN DYEING THREADS OF SILK
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Dickins, Albert Lungley
Dickins, and Harvey Heywood at the Office of the Commissioners of
Patents, with their Petition, on the 22nd October 1863.
We, THOMAS DICKINS, ALBERT LUNGLEY DICKINS, and HARVEY HEYWOOD,
of Middleton, in the County of Lancaster, Silk Dyers, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN DYEING THREADS OF SILK,"
to be as follows:-
Our Invention relates to a method of dyeing, whereby we are enabled to
economize the mordant used in the production of what are commonly called
weighted threads of silk. It is well known that this weighting may be
accomplished by applying the mordant several times and washing it off between
each operation, but if these alternate mordantings and washings be prolonged
they are productive of much waste, the material being in too dilute a condition
to be conveniently recovered.
According to our Invention we obviate this waste by removing the super-
fluous mordant through the agency of a revolving apparatus known as the
hydro-extractor" whereby it becomes thrown off. Or we place the goods
under pressure so as to squeeze it off, and thus we can collect the mordant
nearly in its original strength. Between these operations, however, we slightly
wash the threads in order to prepare them, as is well known, for another
quantity of mordant.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BRAIDING MACHINES
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Bestwick at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 23rd November
1863.
I, WILLIAM BESTWICK, of the City of Manchester, in the County of Lan-
caster, Braid Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN BRAIDING MACHINES," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in various improved arrangements of the ordinary
braiding machine head, by which several braids can be made in one head
instead of one only as at present. In the old arrangement for making flat
braids all the roses in the head of the machine have been of the same size,
with the exception of those employed for reversing the spindles, and all the
spindles of the head have been working, and therefore only one braid could be
made in one head. For making several braids in one head I divide the head
by two or more guiding blocks or plates into one or more divisions, and
change the roses and toothed wheels on the carriers as required; that is, next
to a series of roses with four holes I employ roses with three holes to
reverse the spindles and increase the number of the teeth of the wheels to
make the speed of the holes of the roses equal, so that in one head some of
the spindles may be braiding a braid of one width, another number of spindles
another braid of the same or different width, and so on.
AN IMPROVED MODE OF MANU- FACTURING GUNPOWDER SUITABLE FOR WAR, MINING, AND GENERAL PURPOSES
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Ernest Dronke at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 24th September
1863. A communication from abroad by Edward Schultze, of Potsdam,
in the Kingdom of Prussia, a Captain in the Prussian Royal Artillery.
I, ERNEST DRONKE, of Oldhall Street, in Liverpool, in the County of
Lancaster, Merchant, and Agent to the Huelva Mining Company, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED MODE OF MANU-
FACTURING GUNPOWDER SUITABLE FOR WAR, MINING, AND GENERAL PURPOSES," to be
as follows:-
The preparations for manufacturing the gunpowder consist of three different
kinds of labor :-
1st. The technical labor.
2d. The chemical labor.
3. The physical labor.
1st. The technical labor.-Take the natural grown up trunks of trees, clear
them from the roots and the bark, and cut these trunks into thin plates of the
diameter of the trunks themselves. These timber plates are cut by machinery
into little grains of equal length and breadth with the thickness of the plates.
The timber grains so obtained will become the powder grains.
2d. The chemical preparations.-(a). The first object of the chemical labor
is to obtain the grains as porous as possible, and to clear them from all external
mechanical substances. This is obtained by treating the grains with alkalis
in a state of boiling heat.
(b). The next purpose of the chemical labor is to change the incombustible

page_text: timber grains into flammable, not explosive grains. This is obtained by
application of chloride and then of nitrous acid.
(c). The third step is to change the flammable, not explosive grains into
explosive grains. This is obtained by nitrate of potash, and in some instances
by kali-ferro-hydrocyanicum.
According to the different qualities of the powder, whether required for
mining or common shooting, or cannon use, the quantities in these mixtures
will be modified or altered.
3. The physical labor.-In case the powder is to have a more gradually
acting not very explosive force, the first combustible material (namely, the
flammable but not explosive grains) will be ground into dust. This dust is
then treated by the same process of the above-mentioned mixtures to produce
the explosive power.
From the matter so obtained a kind of cake of
relative strength is produced by means of pressure, and these cakes are the
material from which by the necessary machinery the powder grains will be
obtained.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OR PREPARATION OF LUBRICATING MATERIAL
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Henry Johnson at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 29th May 1863.
-A communication from abroad by François Janssens, of Paris, in the
Empire of France.
I, JOHN HENRY JOHNSON, of 47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the County of
Middlesex, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OR PREPARATION OF LUBRICATING MATERIAL,"
a communication from abroad by François Janssens, of Paris, in the Empire
of France, to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to a new lubricating material, suitable for the axles
of railway carriages, and for the working or rubbing parts of machinery in
general, and consists in the admixture with oils or grease, or with oils and
grease, or fatty matter, of water in different proportions, according as a solid,
semi fluid, or liquid lubricant is required. In order to facilitate the admix-
ture or incorporation of the water with the oil or fatty matter, protoxide of
calcium is dissolved in the water, until the latter is thoroughly saturated, in
which state it is commonly known as lime water.
For a comparatively hard lubricant, it is proposed to employ-
500 parts of olive, colza, neat's foot, or other oil.
tellow palm oil or other hard or solid aressa
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SULPHURIC ACID AND SULPHATE OF IRON
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Peter Spence at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 4th April
1863.
I, PETER SPENCE, of Newton Heath, near Manchester, in the County
of Lancaster, Manufacturing Chemist, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SULPHURIC ACID AND
SULPHATE OF IRON," to be as follows:-
My Invention has for its object the saving of the waste vapours arising from
the manufacture of sulphuric acid, and the production by such saving of
sulphate of iron. To effect these improvements I cause the waste vapours to
pass through masses of metallic iron in the condition of porous cakes, whereby
the said gases are absorbed and sulphate of iron is consequently produced.
The condition of metallic iron above referred to is attained by submitting its
oxides or ores to heat so as to reduce it without fusion. The finely divided
metal which arises from this treatment I also propose to use for the manu-
facture of sulphate of iron apart from the manufacture of sulphuric acid.
AN IMPROVED ANATOMICAL BIT FOR HORSES OR OTHER ANIMALS
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel Davis at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the "9th July
1863.--A communication from abroad by Henry Theodor Romertze,
of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America.
I, SAMUEL DAVIS, of 33, Strand, in the County of Middlesex, Saddler
and Harness Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention
for "AN IMPROVED ANATOMICAL BIT FOR HORSES OR OTHER ANIMALS," to be
as follows:-
.
This Invention has for its object improvements in riding, driving, or other
"bits" for horses or other animals. A "bit" constructed according to this as br
Invention is so formed as to adopt itself to the anatomical structure of the lε I i
head, cheek, and nose bones, and to the respiratory organs of horses or other.pe. I
animals, by which means pressure may be applied to those parts in order to {
compel the animal to conform to the will of the rider or driver. For this t
purpose each side cheek of a "bit" is formed with a projecting arm, shaped-
so as to conform to the anatomical construction of the cheek bone of the
horse or other animal. The lower ends of the cheek pieces are connected by
a bar (commonly known as the bottom bar of the bit), which is capable of inor
springing when the side cheeks are acted upon by pulling the snaffle or
driving rein. To the inner side of each cheek piece one end of a round rod
or bar is fixed, each of which rods passes from side to side and forms the
"bit" or "mouth piece" which enters the mouth of the animal. The
opposite or projecting ends of these rods pass through slots or openings
formed in each of the side cheeks, and the end of each rod which protrudes.
ز

page_text: through the slots is borne against the outer end of its slot by the action of the
spring bar before mentioned. The slots in the side cheeks may be straight,
curved, or inclined, as most suited to the particular purpose for which the bit
is required. A ring is attached to the projecting end of each rod, outside the
side cheeks, to which the "snaffle" or driving rein is attached, so that by
pulling the right-hand rein, the projecting arm on the left-hand side cheek of
the bit will be caused to press upon the left cheek bone of the animal, by
which the animal will be directed to the right, and by pulling the left rein, a
similar result will be obtained, but in the opposite direction. By pulling both
reins the two projecting arms are caused to press simultaneously upon the
two cheek bones, and thus check or entirely stop the animal. The projecting
arms are encased in a strap of leather or other material, by which the nose
of the animal is encircled, and on each side of this strap eyelet holes are formed,
which are secured upon studs or other fastenings on the outer sides of the
cheeks of the "bit.". By this arrangement the strap can be adjusted to suit,
the size of the nose bone of the animal. The rear ends of this strap
encircle the lower jaws of the animal, and are secured together, by a buckle
or other connection.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF GAS-HOLDERS, AND IN THE MODE OF RENDERING GAS-HOLDERS SELF-ACTING
Year: 1863

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION filed by the said Magnus Ohren at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition and Declaration
on the 16th February 1868, pursuant to the 9th Section of the Patent
Law Amendment Act, 1852.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, MAGNUS
OHREN, of Sydenham, in the County of Kent, Associate of the Institution of
Civil Engineers, send greeting.
WHEREAS I am in possession of an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE CONSTRUCTION OF GAS-HOLDERS, AND IN THE MODE OF RENDERING GAS-HOLDERS
SELF-ACTING," and have petitioned Her Majesty to grant unto the said
Magnus Ohren, his executors, administrators, and assigns, Her Royal Letters
Patent for the same, and have made solemn declaration that I am the first
and true Inventor thereof.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Magnus Ohren, do hereby declare
that the following Complete Specification under my hand and seal fully
describes and ascertains the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner
the same is to be performed in and by the following statement :-
Great inconvenience (and often danger from closing the wrong valve) arises
in changing from one gas-holder to another, more especially from a heavy one
to a light one, for on opening the inlet of the light one the gas from the heavy
one passes into it before the outlet of the heavy one is closed; these difficulties

page_text: may be avoided and the gas-holders rendered self-acting by fixing to the guide
bars of the gas-holder, to the columns thereof, or to the gas-bolder, or to any
other convenient and suitable place stops or guards either at top or bottom of
same, to catch the guide rollers or other portion of the gas-holder, so as to stop
the ascent of the gas-holder on reaching the required height; the valves of all
the inlets and outlets of the gas-holders being open, the lightest gas-holder will
fill first, then the next lightest, and so on in succession until the whole of the
gas-holders in action are filled; during the supply the heaviest gas-holder will
discharge first. This mode of construction or adaptation will answer for any
number of gas-holders however far apart, care being taken to stop off each
gas-holder with sufficient seal, with the exception of the heaviest one, which
should not be stopped off at all, so that it may "blow" when all the gas-holders
are full. The inlets and outlets being all open, any increase in bulk in a full
gas-holder in sunny weather will pass through the outlet, and go away
"with
the make" to the gas-holder then filling.
I claim for making gas-holders self-acting by means of stops or guards as
above described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Magnus Ohren, hath hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Sixteenth day of February, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-three.
MAGNUS OHREN. (L.S.)
THE APPLICATION OF A CERTAIN SUBSTANCE OR MATERIAL POR COVERING ROLLERS USED IN SPINNING AND PREPARING COTTON, WOOL, AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES TO BE SPUN
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Marwood at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 20th
November 1868.
I, EDWARD MARWOOD, of Blackburn, in the County of Lancaster, Cork
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "THE
APPLICATION OF A CERTAIN SUBSTANCE OR MATERIAL POR COVERING ROLLERS USED IN
SPINNING AND PREPARING COTTON, WOOL, AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES TO BE
SPUN," to be as follows:-
Instead of covering the rollers in the first place with cloth or similar
material, and then with leather over the cloth, I cover them first with cork
wood split to a suitable thickness, and fixed on with cement or other sub-
stance, and then cover the cork wood with leather or other material in the
usual manner.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BARRELS FOR FIRE-ARMS, AND IN MACHINERY TO BE USED IN THE SAID MANUFACTURE
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Rock Cooper at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 18th
November 1863.
I, JOSEPH ROCK COOPER, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick,
Gun Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BARRELS FOR FIRE-ARMS, AND IN
MACHINERY TO BE USED IN THE SAID MANUFACTURE," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists, firstly, in making barrels for fire-arms by boring or
drilling a hole in the axis of solid bars or cylinders of iron, steel, or other
metal, the said boring or drilling being effected by the operation of two drills
or borers, made to act simultaneously at opposite ends of the bar or cylinder.
By the simultaneous action of the said drills or borers holes are bored in the
axis of the bar or cylinder, which holes commencing respectively at the opposite
ends of the bar or cylinder, meet at or near the middle of the said bar or
cylinder, and constitute the continuous cylindrical bore of the barrel. By this
method of manufacture barrels for fire-arms may be bored with great
rapidity.
My Invention consists, secondly, in improvements in machinery to be used
in the manufacture of barrels for fire-arms made in the manner herein-before
described.
My said improvements consist in combining or arranging the machinery in
the following manner:-A lathe head having a hollow axis carries the bar or
cylinder to be bored or drilled, and two drills or borers situated respectively

page_text: on either side of the said lathe head, and in a line with its axis, are capable of
simultaneously advancing to and receding from one another, the bar or
cylinder to be bored or drilled being fixed in the lathe head and made to
rotate, the drills or borers are made simultaneously to advance towards each
other, and to drill or bore the bar or cylinder at opposite ends. When the
drills or borers have approached to within a short distance of each other, the
action of one of them is stopped, and the other is made to remove the last
portion of metal which requires to be removed in order to make the two
borings or drillings open into one another. Or instead of giving a rotatory
motion to the bar or cylinder to be bored or drilled, the said bar or cylinder
may be stationary, and a rotatory motion given to the drills or borers.
I prefer, however, to give the rotatory motion to the bars or cylinders to be
bored or drilled.
IMPROVEMENTS IN OBTAINING VEGETABLE EXTRACTS, AND IN APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Jarvis at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 28th May
1863.
I, THOMAS JARVIS, of Earl's Court, in the County of Middlesex, Chemist,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
OBTAINING VEGETABLE EXTRACTS, AND IN APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN," to be as
follows:-
My Invention applies more especially to obtaining a concentrated extract of
malt and hops, and consists in the following treatment: -I run the mash of
malt, technically called the wort, into a closed pan or vessel furnished with an
agitator, and containing at bottom a steam coil. This pan, which for clearness
of description I term pan No. 1, is put in communication with a pump for
creating a vacuum through a pipe fitted with a stop-cock; it also communi-
cates with another close pan, No. 2, through a separate pipe, and also through
a syphon pipe, both pipes being fitted with stop-cocks. Pan No. 2, is
similar, and similarly fitted to pan No. 1. In pan No. 3, the last in the series,
I place the steam coil at the upper instead of the lower part of the pan. I
introduce hops into pan No. 1, by preference, but they could be introduced
into pan No. 2. I boil the malt and hop liquor in pan No. 1, and draw off the
vapour through the air pump. After boiling, say about one hour, more or less,
I close communication with the air pump, and run the contents of- pan No. 1
into pan No. 2, through the syphon pipe. I then boil in pan No. 2, and, say,
in about an hour's time, I run the contents of pan No. 2 into pan No. 3, apply

page_text: heat through the coil; and establish a communication with the air pump com-
pletely through pan No. 3, whereby I dry and cool the extract, and concentrate
it to the degree required. I then remove the extract through an aperture
provided for the purpose.
I have alluded to a combined extract, that is, an extract of malt and hops;
but when a simple extract is to be obtained, then I introduce into the first
pan or form in it a solution of the simple vegetable of which the extract
is required.
IMPROVEMENTS IN RAILWAY WAGGONS FOR THE TRANSFER OF MINERALS AND GENERAL MERCHANDIZE
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Arthur Potter and William
Perceval Potter at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 24th October 1863.
We, ARTHUR POTTER and WILLIAM PERCEVAL POTTER, both of Longfleet,
in the County of Dorsetshire, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN RAILWAY WAGGONS FOR THE TRANSFER OF MINERALS
AND GENERAL MERCHANDIZE," to be as follows:-
This Invention applies to the building of railway waggons in separate parts, so
that the bed and wheels form one complete part and the body another complete
part. The tops of the waggon beds to be fitted with rails, grooves, or rollers
running transversely or longitudinally and at uniform distances apart, whether
on broad guage or narrow guage waggon beds, and with moveable fastenings
for securing the bodies on the-beds, also with one or more ratchet plates or
toothed wheels for moving the body on or off the bed with a winch. The
body of the waggon to be a complete waggon running on small rollers or
grooved or flanged wheels, such wheels to be placed at distances apart to
correspond with the distances between the rails on the beds upon which they
are intended to run, the bodies in all cases to be adapted for narrow guage rail-
ways. For the transfer of goods and minerals by these waggons from one line
of railway to another, whether of the same or of different guages, a platform
must be erected of a height corresponding with that of the top of the waggon

page_text: beds from the rails, this platform to be fitted with transverse rails or grooves
to correspond with those on the waggon bed, so that the bodies may run from
the beds to the platform and vice versa. A waggon each side of this platform
will exchange the bodies by unfastening and running them on to the platform,
then moving the beds opposite the bodies to be received which are run on to
them and the transfer completed. The bodies may also be transferred by
means of a crane or other contrivance, and may also be transferred between
a railway and lighters, rafts, or road waggons.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PROCESS AND METHOD OF DYEING YARNS
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Mallison, at the Office:
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 7th February
1868.
I, JAMES MALLISON, junior, of Bolton-le-Moors, in the County of Lancaster,
Yarn Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "CERTAIN
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PROCESS AND METHOD OF DYEING YARNS," to be as
follows:-
The improvements consist in dyeing yarns whilst in an extended state, as
in sizing and dressing machines so that they may be dressed and wound on to
the finished or weavers' beam in a dyed state, whereby the subsequent
dressing (to which warps dyed in the usual manner are submitted,) is dispensed
with, considerable economy being thus effected. The process of dyeing may
either be conducted during the operation of sizing and dressing by causing
the yarns to pass through a trough in which the dye is mixed with the size,
or the yarns may first be passed through a dyeing trough and then removed
to a sizing and dressing machine, or vice versa. If required, two troughs (or
one subdivided) may be employed on the sizing machine wherein the dye and
size may be kept separate, the chief feature being that the dyed warp will
require no further dressing than the one in the usual sizing or dressing
machine.
I would remark that the dye employed is similar to and composed of the
ingredients now ampluvod lu
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR PROPELLING VESSELS
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Arthur Rigg, at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 7th October
1863.
I, ARTHUR RIGG, junior, of George Street, Chester, do hereby declare the
nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR PROPELLING
VESSELS," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in apparatus for propelling
vessels, and is applicable where rotating propellers, such as paddles or screws,
are employed. When rotating paddles are employed the floats of the paddle
as they leave the water throw a quantity of water upwards behind them.
Now in order to cause the water so thrown upwards behind the paddle to be
deflected so that it shall be caused to flow in a direction opposite to that in
which the vessel is moving, or nearly so, I place behind the paddle fixed
curved plates or vanes, so formed that as the water is by the paddle thrown
upwards against them, the water is by them gradually deflected and caused to
flow in a horizontal direction. When screw propellers are employed a quantity
of water is carried round with the screw, and is also thrown outwards from it,
and in order to cause the water, so caused to rotate or be thrown outwards by
the screw, to flow in a direction opposite to that in which the vessel is moving,
or nearly so, I place around or at the rear of the screw, or both around and at
the rear of the screw, a number of fixed curved blades or vanes, so formed that
the water as it passes from the screw is by them gradually deflected and caused
to flow in a direction parallel with the axis of the screw. The curved blades
or vanes may be carried by a cylindrical case that is concentric with the axis

page_text: of the screw, the cylindrical case both enclosing the curved blades and also
the screw. In front of this case, or towards the bow of the vessel, a grating
of suitable dimensions may be fixed to prevent weeds and other obstructions
finding their way into the apparatus and fouling the screw.