matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN FASTENERS FOR ARTICLES OF WEARING APPAREL
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAI, SPECIFICATION left by James Badcock at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 8th April 1878.
JAMES BADCOCK, of Westmoreland Buildings, Aldersgate Street, in the City of
London, Manufacturer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN FASTENERS FOR ARTICLES OF WEARING
APPAREL."
These improvements relate to improvements in fasteners for articles of wearing
apparel, the object being the easy attachment of articles, chiefly those worn by
ladies, and for the easy detachment by a sliding operation of one part of the article
against another.
The Invention consists of a base plate, sewn or otherwise attached to, say, one
side of the front of a dress body; this base plate has a tongue or lip formed in it, the
end of which projects slightly in front of the plate. The plate has near the
root of the tongue or lip a detent on each side for a portion of the eye hereafter
described to lodge itself, and be there held by the pressure of the tongue, which is
springy and shaped for the purpose.
The eye plate, which is sewn or otherwise attached to the opposite side of the
dress body, has a holo, preferably of oblong shape, to take over the tongue, so that
one portion of it lodges in the detent of the base plate, and one portion on the
outside of the plate. The eye plate has a hook upon its end, to take over and
against the edge of the base plate, to form in conjunction with the eye and the
tongue a secure fastener.
Any number of these fasteners can be fitted to a dress body or other part of an
article of dress where found suitable, and the tongue plate and the eye are attached
one to the other singly, but by a movement of one in the reverse direction to that
of the other, the whole of the fasteners become detached at the same time.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE COMBUSTION OF OILS, AND IN APPARATUS THEREFOR."
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Martin Rae at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 27th April 1878.
MARTIN RAE, of Middleton Lodge, in the County of Linlithgow, North Britain.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE COMBUSTION OF OILS, AND IN APPARATUS THEREFOR."
The improvements constituting this Invention relate to the arrangement and
construction of certain parts of lamps, whereby an improved result in the combustion
of oils is effected, and therewith a very bright flame is produced.
The improvements consist in the first place in so arranging the wicks, of which
three are employed, that they are situated at an angle to each other, forming the
three sides of a triangle, or in other words enclosing a triangular space between
them. The three wicks may be either flat, curved, or of corrugated or undulated
surface.
The Invention consists, in the second place, in constructing the dome over the
wick tubes, and wherein are the slits through which the flames pass, with a depressed
central portion between the tubes, the under surface of which is thus caused to
incline upwards towards the inner side of the flames after the manner in which the
outer portions of the under side of the dome incline towards the outer side of the
flames. The effect of this construction of the central portion of the dome is to cause
the air to be directed against the inner side of the flame in the same manner that
the form of the surrounding portion of the dome directs the air to the outer side
of the flame.
.
AN IMPROVED DEVICE FOR FASTENING BOOTS, GLOVES, OR OTHER ARTICLES
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Hill at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 13th February 1878.
ROBERT HILL, of Ashby Street, Clerkenwell, in the County of Middlesex. " AN
IMPROVED DEVICE FOR FASTENING BOOTS, GLOVES, OR OTHER ARTICLES."
My Invention has reference to an improved device to be used in place of buttons
for fastening boots, gloves, or other articles.
My improved device is attached to the boot or other article, or to a plate fixed to
the boot or article opposite a hole (which is by preference an eyelet hole) in the
corresponding part of the said article. The device is free to rotate, and is of such
form that when a knob or projection thereon is passed through the corresponding
eyelet hole, and the device is then pulled round to the extent of half a revolution,
it draws the two parts of the boot or article together, and then retains them in
that position.
The device consists of a curved bar, on the outer end of which is the knob or
projection before referred to, while its other end is turned downwards and attached
to the plate before mentioned, on which it is free to turn or swivel. Or, as I prefer,
instead of the turned-down portion of the bar being connected directly to the plate,
I form a crank by giving the bar another short turn parallel to and below the
curved or main portion of the bar, and I attach this last turn by a pin or pivot
to the plate; the curved bar is thus, as it were, connected excentrically to the
plate.
When the knob is passed through the eyelet hole and then pulled round as before
described, the curve of the bar acts against the edge of the eyelet hole, and draws
the two parts of the boot or other article together, the edge of the hole finally
remaining in the crank, that is to say, between the two parallel parts of the bar,
and exerting its strain against the turned-down portion thereof; and as this point
is short of the centre or pivot of the bar, the bar has no tendency to work round
and become loose.
IMPROVEMENTS. IN THE TREATMENT OF SEWAGE AND FILTRATION OF WATER, AND IN APPARATUS THEREFOR.
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Punshon at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 12th Feburary 1878.
ROBERT PUNSHON, of 16, St. Michael's Place, Brighton, in the County of Sussex.
"IMPROVEMENTS. IN THE TREATMENT OF SEWAGE AND FILTRATION OF WATER,
AND IN APPARATUS THEREFOR.'
"
1. The object of my Invention is the separation of the solid matter suspended in
the sewage from the water of the sewage.
2. For the filtration of water.
3. For the purpose of my Invention I use a cylinder or sets of cylinders of
suitable size and dimensions; they may be about six feet in diameter, and about
18 feet long, more or less, each cylinder. The said cylinders are made of perforated
iron, or other perforated sheets of metal, or may be made of copper wire cloth with
fine meshes, of which the inside periphery of each cylinder may be covered with a
porous cloth of any suitable material, which will allow the water to filter through,
and retain the solid matter in the cylinder.
4. To get the water away quickly the cylinders are made to rotate upon their
long axis very swiftly by the use of endless bands or chains driven by steam
power.
5. When the effluent water has to be further purified it is again driven through
a similar cylinder lined with animal charcoal, or asbestos pulled into fibre.
6. The water or sewage flows into the cylinders at their long axis through a
hollow axle, upon which the cylinders rotate.
7. The ends of the cylinders are closed, one with a moveable disk of rubber
which fits the inside the periphery of the cylinder, so that on being pushed through
the solid matter is forced out of the other end, which is closed by a moveable door
or end when the water or sewage is being filtered.
IMPROVEMENTS IN NOBLE'S COMBING MACHINES
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Walton Whitehead at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 30th November 1878.
HENRY WALTON WHITEHEAD, of Holbeck, in the Parish of Leeds, in the County
of York, a Partner in the Firm of Taylor, Wordsworth, & Co., of the same, Machine
and Tool Makers. "IMPROVEMENTS IN NOBLE'S COMBING MACHINES."
This Invention relates, firstly, to novel means for pressing the fibres supplied to
the combing machine into the teeth of the circular combs, such means being
employed in lieu of the well known dabbing brush.
To this end I provide a tube which is cast with collars or flanges. so situate with
respect to each other and the pins of the combs as to enter between the rows of
pins. In the periphery of this tube holes are drilled to receive tufts of bristles of
fine wire, and by grooving the interior of the tube longitudinally like the back of a
brush provision is made for securing the tufts in place. The interior of the tube is
bored to fit loosely on a supporting horizontal spindle, and it may be driven by
frictional contact with the combs or by gearing.
The action of this arrangement of apparatus is to press the fibre into the
chambers of the rows of pins by the collars or flanges of the tube at the tangent
point, and by the tufts or bristles or wire the fibre will be pressed more effectually
between the pins.
For the convenience of construction the tube is made in halves, which are jointed
up by screws or their equivalent.
As a modification I propose to use a grooved tube cast whole, and having holes
drilled across the outward diameter of the flanges or collars, so as to insert wire or
bristles across the top of the flanges.
The Invention relates, secondly, to a means for stripping the fibre from the small
combs without the use of drawing off rollers, and consists in applying rotating
condensing tubes close to the small circular comb, such tubes having holes on their
periphery at the end nearest to the comb. Into this condensing tube the sliver

page_text: from the large circular comb is conducted, and by the assistance of this sliver
(carried from the drawing off rollers of the large circular comb by the travelling
slicet) the fibre is drawn forward from the small circular combs it being twisted by
the condensing tube. This arrangement enables me to dispense with the drawing
off rollers and the leather sheets of the small circular combs.
AN IMPROVED MACHINE FOR FRET CUTTING, DRILLING, MOULDING, CARVING, POLISHING, AND TURNING
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Mayhew Bear and Thomas
Roylance at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 19th February
1878.
THOMAS MAYHEW BEAR and THOMAS ROYLANCE, both of Colchester, in the
County of Essex, Sewing Machine Makers. "AN IMPROVED MACHINE FOR FRET
CUTTING, DRILLING, MOULDING, CARVING, POLISHING, AND TURNING."
The object of this Invention is the construction of an improved machine applicable
to fret cutting, drilling, moulding, carving, polishing, and turning, and consists in
the combination of a fret cutting machine with a lathe, and a vertical motion and
rising and falling table for drilling, moulding, and carving.
In carrying out our Invention we preferably cast the lathe bed and arm for the
fret saw in one piece, such arm also serving for receiving the drill spindle and
the other tools.
At the end of the lathe bed we fix a table provided with a lever or screw for
raising and depressing the same for the purpose herein-after described. Underneath
the table is fixed a spring, which may be connected with the saw by a novel device
consisting of a look or slotted connection. By the employment of this spring we
obtain an adjustable tension for the saw, and the novel device for fixing the same
allows the saw to be connected or disconnected with great speed and facility.
Suitable pulleys are provided for giving motion to the various parts from the driving
shaft.
By this construction of machine it will be understood that when required for fret
cutting a fret saw is fitted to the arm as usual; for drilling, the saw spindle is
removed and a drill spindle introduced which is revolved by its pulley; for carving
or moulding, cutters are used instead of the drill, the rising and falling table in all
cases serving to bring the work against the tools instead of, as hitherto, the tools
being brought to bear on the work; for turning, the lathe is used and emery and
buffing wheels are provided for grinding and polishing; also a circular saw for sawing
and a slotted wheel for cleaning knives.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LAMP WICKS
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Henry Johnson at the Office of
the Commissioners.of Patents on the 1st November 1878. A communication
from abroad by the Firm of Vonbriel and Beck, of Hanau, in the Empire of
Germany.
JOHN HENRY JOHNSON, of 47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the County of Middlesex,
Gentleman. "IMPROVEMENTS IN LAMP WICKS." A communication from abroad
by the Firm of Vonbriel and Beck, of Hanau, in the Empire of Germany.
This Invention consists in the combination of threads or strands of spun glass
with a fabric of cotton (by preference a species of knitted work) in such a manner
as to produce an incombustible lamp wick for round and flat burners of oil or
petroleum lamps.
These lamp wicks are produced in the following manner:
A flat layer consisting of a series of strands composed of very fine glass filaments
spun or intertwined with the strands arranged parallel to each other of the required
length of the wick is surrounded by or encased in the above-mentioned fabric, the
whole being afterwards stitched either in a sewing machine or otherwise, so as to
separate the several strands the one from the other by means of a series of parallel
rows of chain stitches at equal distances apart lengthwise of the wick. A number
of channels or tubes are thus formed, in each of which is enclosed a strand of fine
glass threads or filaments, whereby a wick is produced which may be employed in
the lamp in the same manner as an ordinary one of cotton.
The fabric is of such strength as not to be liable to distortion under the action of
the mechanism for raising and lowering the wick.
The upper edge of the wick is evenly cut off and stitched across for the purpose
of preventing any liability of the strands becoming protruded beyond the straight
line which forms the upper edge of the wick.
The wick is lighted at its upper edge, and after the lapse of a short time the
cotton is burnt down to a certain distance, leaving free the threads or filaments of
CD
577

page_text: glass, which by their capillary attraction suck up the oil in which the lower part
of the wick is immersed.
As the glass threads are uncombustible the wick simply requires to be cleaned at
its upper edge from time to time.
The Invention is also applicable to wicks for argand burners.
A NEW SAFETY RAZOR
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAI. SPECIFICATION left by Henri François Stanislas Brandner
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 11th January 1878.
HENRI FRANÇOIS STANISLAS BRANDNER, Civil Engineer, 24, Langham Street,
Portland Place, W., London. "A NEW SAFETY RAZOR."
A cutting blade with straight, sharp, and angular swelling at the top on one side
of the blade, on which blade is appended a back in sheet which covers the swelling,
then goes under it along the blade and meets with the sharp, a little backwards, as
an inclined plan, with the following particulars :-
:-
The points of the sharp are taken off in order not to sting when shaving.
The corresponding points of the back are equally taken off.
The swelling may be thicker at one end than at the other, and the top of the
back too, so that the swelling may enter it easily as a sword into its sheath.
The top of the back is fixed steady to the top of the blade by a kind of spring or
close contact which is obtained either by striking the sheet against the blade at one
or several parts of the top with a hammer, or by bending an end of said sheet
inwards, or by entering a part of the sheet in a cavity previously made in the blade,
so that it cannot slip out to pieces when shaving, but only when we like; this giving
a safe and practical razor, which we take as a comb (the thumb on the blade) and
move as a plane (the back on the skin) for shaving, cutting corns, etc., without any
danger.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THRASHING MACHINES
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles M'Fadzean at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 8th March 1878.
CHARLES MOFADZEAN, of Crosshill, in the County of Ayr, North Britain.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THRASHING MACHINES."
My Invention relates to improvements in thrashing machines, and has for its
object to enable the said machines to be worked with less driving power than that
which is required in such machines as at present constructed.
According to this Invention in the breast of the machine, or that part between
which and the drum the thrashing is performed, are fixed projecting pegs
arranged preferably in rows, and of such length as to approach to within a short
distance of the periphery of the druni.
Similar rows of projecting pegs are fixed in the periphery of the drum in such
position as to pass, when the drum revolves, between the pegs of the breast. The
drum pegs project to within a short distance of the surface of the breast.
Bars are fixed across the rows of pegs both on the drum and on the breast at
the root or bottom of the said rows, the said bars being of a width very nearly
equal to the spaces between the tops or noses of the pegs and the surface of the
breast and the periphery of the drum respectively, so that during the revolution of
the drum the points or noses of its pegs but just pass clear of the bars fixed across
the pegs of the breast, and similarly the points or noses of the pegs of the breast
but just clear the bars fixed across the pegs of the drum.
Instead of bars as described, each space between the roots or bottoms of the
pegs, both of the drum and of the breast, may be filled by short pieces which
project, so that the points or tops of the pegs but just clear them, as explained with
regard to the bars.
By constructing thrashing machines as herein-before described, the feeding
rollers are dispensed with and the machines can be driven with much less power
than is at present required.
Iм- PROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR SHREDDING OR CUTTING-UP VEGETABLES
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Mortimer Murphy at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 28th February 1878.
JOHN MORTIMER MURPHY, of Bayswater, in the County of Middlesex. "Iм-
PROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR SHREDDING OR CUTTING-UP VEGETABLES."
My Invention relates to improvements in machines for shredding or cutting-up
potatoes and other vegetables into thin ribbons or strips, which machines consist of
a rotating axis driven by a handle and suitable gearing with a fork on which the
vegetable is fixed and rotated against a knife held up against it by a spring.
My improvements consist,-
1st. In the employment of a taper screw fixed on the revolving axis in lieu of
the fork hitherto employed, upon which screw the vegetable to be shredded is fixed.
The fork employed hitherto is liable to hurt the hand in fixing the vegetable upon
it, but the screw is not liable to this objection as it readily screws itself into the
vegetable when the latter is pressed against it whilst the screw is rotated. The
screw being taper is adapted to receive either large or small vegetables. The taper
screw is made right or left handed, according to the direction in which the axis
rotates, but it is generally left handed, and the screw is fixed on its axis by a nut
or set screw so as to be readily replaced, when necessary, by another of different
size.
2nd. In the employment of a shield or guard to prevent the shreds from falling
over and becoming entangled in the gearing, the said guard also preventing the vege-
table being split by being forced too far on to the screw.
3rd. The Invention relates to the knife or cutter which is mounted in a frame or
holder on an arm working on pivots at bottom, and according to my Invention is
graduated and fixed in its frame or holder by a screw stem or bolt secured by a
wing nut at back so that it may be readily set to any gauge. The bolt has a flat
or countersunk head on the upper side so that there is no obstruction which would
render the cutter liable to be choked.
4th. The Invention relates to the spring by which the cutter is pressed up against
the vegetable, and as at present used is liable to become weak by constant use, and

page_text: sometimes slips out of the notch which retains it. To remedy this defect the spring
is coiled upon the axis of the cutter-carrier arm, and is connected by one end to
said arm, the other end being fixed in one of a series of notches in the main frame
of the machine, in any one of which the spring may be fixed so as to enable its
power to be increased as required.
IM- PROVEMENTS IN PURIFYING GAS AND IN THE MANUFACTURE OF AMMONIACAL SALTS
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Hartley Kenyon at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 3rd July 1878.
HARTLEY KENYON, of Bank Hey, Warrington, in the County of Lancaster. "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN PURIFYING GAS AND IN THE MANUFACTURE OF AMMONIACAL
SALTS."
I saturate dried sawdust with chloride of zinc of about 75% of chloride of zinc,
and thus obtain what I call my chloride of zinc absorbant. This absorbant so
produced I put into a gas purifyer in place of the lime or iron hitherto employed,
and thus every trace of ammonia passing through my zinc absorbant combines with
the acid, and thereby chloride of ammonium is retained, and also oxyde of zinc. By
continuing the operation part of the oxyde of zinc is dissolved by the ammonia, and
chloride of ammonium and aminoniate of zinc are retained, along with a little tar
and sulphur and any oxide of zinc not dissolved. This I vat or wash with water
or washings from a previous operation, or with ammonia and water, if I desire to
dissolve all the oxyde of zinc, thus obtaining chloride of ammonium and ammoniate
of zinc salts in solution.
If I want oxyde of magnesia I dissolve chloride of magnesium and saturate dried
sawdust therewith (whilst the chloride is hot if I require a strong solution), con-
taining, say, from 30% to 40% of chloride of magnesia, and use the same in place
of my chloride of zinc absorbant, and thus I produce chloride of ammonium and
oxyde of magnesia.
°
Gas may be washed with these salts in any convenient washer without sawdust,
and the same salts are formed.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINES FOR PULPING OR PREPARING FAT OR FATTY SUBSTANCES FOR MELTING
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Arthur Lyon at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 3rd December 1878.
ARTHUR LYON, of 22, Rectory Road, Stoke Newington, in the County of Mid-
dlesex, Machinist. "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINES FOR PULPING OR PREPARING
FAT OR FATTY SUBSTANCES FOR MELTING."
This Invention relates to improvements in machines for pulping or preparing fat
or fatty substances for melting, and consists, first, in forming (preferably in relief)
a double screw thread on the inside of the casing of the machine, which in com-
bination with a propeller assists in crushing or preparing the fat or fatty substances
for the usual knives to act upon them,
Secondly. My improvements consist in heating the fat pulping or preparing
machine by means of either steam, gas, or hot air, so as to facilitate and render
more easy the action of the propeller and also of the knives, and to prevent the fat
or fatty substances adhering to or clogging the acting portions of the machine.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CARVING AND OTHER TABLE FORKS
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles John Sims at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 18th April 1878.
CHARLES JOHN SIMS, of Tavistock, Devon, Mine Owner. "IMPROVEMENTS IN
CARVING AND OTHER TABLE FORKS."
This Invention has for object to provide a combined "steel" or knife sharpener
and carving or other fork.
In carrying the Invention into practice according to one arrangement the stem
of the fork, that is the part between the prongs and the handle, is made shorter
than ordinarily and the prongs longer, and the said prongs, or both the prongs and
stem, are roughened or corrugated, or prepared as is an ordinary sharpening
" steel."
According to another arrangement the "stem" is made longer and the prongs
shorter, and in this case the stem is roughened, corrugated, or "steeled," or both the
prongs and stem are so made.
According to a further modification the stem or part of the fork between the
handle and the prongs will be left plain as is an ordinary carving fork, and also the
outsides of the prongs, but the insides and the top and bottom surfaces of the prongs
will be roughened, "steeled," or corrugated; by these means the carver will be able
to pass the knife up and down between the prongs and so sharpen the knife, the
shoulder of the fork acting as a guard or stop for the hand; again in some cases the
fork will be roughened, "steeled," or corrugated on the outside of the prongs and on
the stem in addition to the inside of the prongs, as herein-before stated, thus
providing an extra amount of the roughened or "steeled" surface. By these means
a carver will always have at hand, and ready for immediate use, means for sharp-
ening the knife without laying aside the fork.
It is obvious that this Invention is equally applicable to ordinary steel or iron
table forks.
PROVEMENTS IN BREECH-LOADING FIRE-ARMS AND CARTRIDGES TO BE USED IN CONNECTION THEREWITH."
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Lionel Gye at the Office of the Com-
missioners of Patents on the 7th August 1878.
"IM-
LIONEL GYE, of 60, Saint James' Street, in the County of Middlesex.
PROVEMENTS IN BREECH-LOADING FIRE-ARMS AND CARTRIDGES TO BE USED IN
CONNECTION THEREWITH."
For many years past it has been customary to form breech-loading rifles with an
enlarged breech chamber at the base to receive a cartridge case of corresponding
form, the object being to allow of an increased charge of powder being contained in
the portion of the cartridge case which is received in this chamber, and therefore
allow of the cartridge being shortened. But in breech-loading guns with which
cartridges charged with small shot are to be used, and where the barrel is of larger
bore, and therefore where it is of no importance to shorten the cartridge, the breechi
end of the barrel and the cartridge case to be inserted into it have always been
made of a uniform width throughout their entire length.
I have found that by forming an enlarged chamber at the breech end of the
barrel of what are known as drop guns and other breech-loading sporting guns
used for firing small slot to receive a cartridge case of corresponding form that
a larger charge of powder can advantageously be used, since the powder being
detained at the breech end of the barrel, and hindered from being blown forward
with the shot, is more efficiently consumed, and by this means I am enabled to
obtain a far higher velocity of the shot and consequent penetrating power than
could previously be obtained; the enlarged chamber of the cartridge case is used
to contain the charge of powder, and the forward end of the case to contain the
shot and wads.
To obtain the best effect the shoulder formed where the cartridge case is
enlarged from its smaller to its larger diameter should be abrupt, and not coned
down gradually, as by this means the effectual consumption of the charge of powder
is more perfectly obtained.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LIFE PRESERVERS FOR SAVING LIFE FROM DROWNING
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edmund Woodhead at. the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 20th September 1878.
EDMUND WOODHEAD, of West Green, Tottenham, in the County of Middlesex.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN LIFE PRESERVERS FOR SAVING LIFE FROM DROWNING."
This Invention relates to improvements in life preservers for saving life from
drowning, which preservers can be put in readiness for use in a very short space of
time. For this purpose a waterproof lining is fitted or applied to any form of hat,
cap, or bonnet, and when inflated may be the means of saving two or three persons
from drowning in water.
The hat can be worn partly inflated, at the same time being of no inconvenience
to the wearer, and in case of sudden immersion would then be the means of saving
one life.
This lining is little or no heavier than the ordinary lining of a hat, cap, or
bonnet.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BOTTLES FOR CONTAINING CERTAIN PROPORTIONS OF AERATED OR OTHER LIQUIDS, AND OF SPIRITS OR OTHER LIQUORS
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Massy Stacpoole at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 7th March 1878.
MASSY STACPOOLE, of Norris Street, Pall Mall, in the County of Middlesex,
Gentleman. " IMPROVEMENTS IN BOTTLES FOR CONTAINING CERTAIN PROPORTIONS
OF AERATED OR OTHER LIQUIDS, AND OF SPIRITS OR OTHER LIQUORS."
The object of my Invention is an improved bottle or vessel, in which a certain
proportion of aërated or other liquids can be stored until required for use, while at
the same time a certain proportion of spirit and other liquor to be mixed with the
aërated liquid is contained within the same bottle or vessel, but in such a manner
that the aërated or other liquid does not mingle with the spirit or other liquor until
required for immediate uso.
To effect this object I form within a bottle or vessel having an independent neck
or outlet of its own another and separate vessel of conical or other shape, having
also an independent outlet, from which its contents can be drawn without
disturbing those of the main vessel within which the subsidiary vessel of conical
shape is contained.
The relative size of the main bottle and of the subsidiary conical vessel is so
arranged that the mixture of the aërated liquid with the spirit or other liquor takes
place in the proportions desired.
IMPROVED PROCESS OF MANUFACTURING PICKIC ACID
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Berenth Siegler at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 11th April 1878.
"AN
BERENTH SIEGLER, of Fenchurch Street, in the County of Middlesex.
IMPROVED PROCESS OF MANUFACTURING PICKIC ACID."
In my improved process of manufacturing picric acid I first prepare-a solution of
nitrate of lime by adding to a sufficient quantity of nitric acid of the specific
gravity 1420 as much slacked lime as the acid will dissolve. To this solution of
nitrate of lime, which contains about thirty per cent. of free acid, I add about half
its weight of common carbolic acid, and I leave the mixture undisturbed for a
sufficient time, preferably from twelve to twenty hours, and the whole is then
gradually heated. During the period of from twelve to twenty hours when tho
mixture remains undisturbed as described mono-nitric phenol has been gradually
formed, and the subsequent heating will convert the whole into tri-nitro phenol,
which is combined with the lime as picrate of lime; muriatic acid is then added,
which dissolves the lime, and the picric acid is precipitated. This precipitate is
collected and dissolved in boiling water, and from this solution the picric acid is
crystallized out by cooling; a certain amount of picric acid will still remain, and
this weak solution may be used to dissolve the next picric acid precipitate, and
so on continually.
The resinous impurities may be used by aniline manufacturers.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BOTTLES FOR CONTAINING AERATED AND OTHER LIQUIDS, AND IN STOPPERING THE SAME, ALSO APPLICABLE FOR CLOSING THE MOUTH OF JARS AND OTHER SIMILAR RECEP- TACLES
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Jacob Brown at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 7th February 1878.
JACOB BROWN, of the City of Manchester. "IMPROVEMENTS IN BOTTLES FOR
CONTAINING AERATED AND OTHER LIQUIDS, AND IN STOPPERING THE SAME, ALSO
APPLICABLE FOR CLOSING THE MOUTH OF JARS AND OTHER SIMILAR RECEP-
TACLES."
In performing my Invention I employ a washer of india-rubber secured by pre-
ference to the extremity of a plug constructed of wood or other suitable material;
this plug is forced into the neck of the bottle or other receptacle with the washer
downwards, and thus effectually closes the same.
One modification of this plug is connected to a ring of wire surrounding the neck
of the bottle or other receptacles in such a way as to hinge over or turn back, and
yet capable of being secured in the closed position by means of a suitable perforated
staples, the hole of which takes on to a hook projecting from the side of the wooden
or other plug.
This modification is opened by causing the hook to make a partial revolution,
and thus to release the staple, is specially suitable for containing aerated liquids,
and possesses the advantage that it can be readily opened without the use of a
corkscrew or other opening apparatus.
Another modification of this Invention consists in forming an annular groove
round the outside of the neck of bottles, jars, and other similar receptacles, and in
securing the wooden plug herein-before described in position by means of a spring
clip, the extremities of which are capable of yielding so as to be forced over the
neck of the bottle when they enter the groove herein-before mentioned, and can
only be released therefrom by the spring clip being turned round sideways in order
to bring the extremities of the clip opposite to transverse channels leading from the
annular groove herein-before mentioned.
AN APPARATUS FOR THE COOLING OR REFRIGERATING OF LIQUIDS, ALSO APPLICABLE FOR HEATING THE SAME.
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Abraham Bowen at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 17th September 1878.
ABRAHAM BOWEN, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick. " AN APPARATUS
FOR THE COOLING OR REFRIGERATING OF LIQUIDS, ALSO APPLICABLE FOR HEATING
THE SAME.
"
This Invention consists essentially of metal boxes constructed with compartments
or chambers, and held the required distance apart by means of stay rods or other
appliances, forming a rectangular frame; this has an inlet pipe at one end and an
outlet pipe at the other end. The communication between the said boxes is effected
by a series of pipes, one or more communicating or connecting the compartment in
one box to the compartment in the opposite box, and from this compartment back
to the second compartment in the first box, and so on throughout until a complete
circulating system is formed from the inlet pipe through the compartments in the
boxes and the connecting pipes to the outlet pipe. The mode of operation is as
follows:-
First. The whole of the apparatus is placed in the liquid to be cooled, a stream of
cold water or other cooling medium is passed through the inlet pipe into the first
compartment in the first box, thence it passes along the connecting pipe or pipes to
the first compartment in the second box; this said compartment communicates
with the next connecting pipe or pipes, causing the stream to flow along it, or then
to the second compartment in the first box; this compartment communicates with
the next pipe or pipes along which the stream flows, and so on until it passes through
the whole system of boxes and pipes to the outlet pipe.
Second. The liquid to be cooled may be passed through the apparatus in the
manner described for the cooling medium while the apparatus is surrounded or
immersed in the cooling medium.
Third. For heating liquids the apparatus may be placed in the liquid to be
heated, and a stream of hot fluid may be passed through; hot air, high pressure or
exhaust steam may be passed through the apparatus, and be absorbed by the sur-
rounding liquid, causing it to be heated.

page_text: Fourth. Heat from a fire or furnace or from gas may be applied externally to
the apparatus, thereby rapidly heating the contained liquid, the alternate commu-
nication with the pipes and the compartments in the boxes keeping up a rapid
circulation.
Lastly. This rapid circulation greatly tends to cool or heat the liquid operated
upon by continually. exposing a fresh surface to be cooled or heated, as the case
may be.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR DRAWING, SPINNING, AND TWISTING FLAX, TOW, WOOL, WORSTED, SILK, COTTON, CHINA GRASS, OR OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Bryden and John William
Wilkinson at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 5th April
1878.
WILLIAM BRYDEN and JOHN WILLIAM WILKINSON, both of Morley, near Leeds,
in the County of York. "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR
DRAWING, SPINNING, AND TWISTING FLAX, TOW, WOOL, WORSTED, SILK, COTTON,
CHINA GRASS, OR OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES.”
"
Our improvements consist in drawing, spinning, and twisting flax, tow, wool,
worsted, silk, cotton, china grass, or other fibrous substances by a continuous and
simultaneous draft and twist of fibres.
In our improvements we by preference increase the size of the condenser bobbin,
those of ordinary construction being cramped or contracted to suit the pitch of the
ordinary mule spindles.
We construct a frame similar to an ordinary continuous spinning frame, having
by preference its spindles a wider pitch than those in the ordinary mule. Within
the framework and on suitable bearers or rails we provide a number of what we
shall call "compensating tubes" for giving a suitable draft and twist to the yarn.
These compensating tubes are constructed as follows:-Each of these consists of
an external cylinder carried on a rail or stretcher between the framework in suitable
brackets, and fitted so as to revolve in the brackets; this external cylinder contains
an inner cylinder, within which and in suitable bearings are mounted two rollers,
one above the other, such rollers being caused to revolve by means of a bevel wheel
at the end of one of them being in gear with another bevel wheel on the outer
cylinder.
Motion is imparted to each of these cylinders from rotating drums on the frame-
work, separate drums being used for the internal and external cylinders. By this
arrangement of driving the cylinders may be driven at different speeds with regard
to each other, and in opposite directions, being thereby adaptable for various kinds
or qualities of materials or length of fibre; and in order to reverse the aforesaid
rollers in the internal cylinder we change the herein-before mentioned bevel wheel

page_text: and roller from one side to the other, and gear it, as before, with the bevel wheel on
the external cylinder.
The required pressure may be given to the upper of the internal cylinder rollers
(which has to perform the duty of a pressing. roller) by means of a spring or its
equivalent.
The condenser bobbins are mounted in suitable bearings, by preference on the
unner part of the machine.
A NEW MATERIAL TO BE USED AS A SUBSTITUTE FOR STRAW IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BONNETS AND OTHER SIMILAR ARTICLES, WHICH INVENTION IS ALSO APPLICABLE TO OTHER USEFUL PURPOSES
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederick William Kuschmann, Gustav
Mosers, and August Weissenborn at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents
on the 6th April 1878.
FREDERICK WILLIAM KUSCHMANN, GUSTAV MOSERS, and AUGUST WEISSENBORN,
all of No. 18, Bunhill Row, in the County of Middlesex, Manufacturers. "A NEW
MATERIAL TO BE USED AS A SUBSTITUTE FOR STRAW IN THE MANUFACTURE OF
BONNETS AND OTHER SIMILAR ARTICLES, WHICH INVENTION IS ALSO APPLICABLE TO
OTHER USEFUL PURPOSES."
This Invention has for its object the manufacture of a new material for the
purpose of such material being used as a substitute for straw in the manufacture
of bonnets and other similar articles, and also applicable to other useful purposes.
The material for the foundation is composed of a mixture of glue, glycerine, and
acetate of iron, and for the outside or face of the bonnet, hat, or other article a
mixture of rabbit gluc, being a kind of glue manufactured in France, Castile or
other suitable soap, tannic acid, copal varnish, glycerine, boiled linseed oil (oil
varnish), and treacle (golden syrup). All these ingredients are boiled up together
and used at a boiling point, or nearly so; any shade of color or tint can be given
fancy may dictate, or the peculiar character of the work may require.
The foundation or form of the article is formed by means of coats or layers of
the mixture of glue, glycerine, and acetate of iron, as before mentioned, being
coated or layed on muslin or other suitable material, which is placed on a block,
and when dried and hardened, it is ready to be dipped in the solution before
described, after which it is immediately placed in a mould and a correct and exact
representation is made of any kind of straw sought to be imitated; the articles
are then dried in hot-air ovens or rooms in the usual manner.
The ingredients are mixed in the following proportions, viz. :—
Rabbit glue
-
-
45°/

page_text: We do not confine ourselves to these precise proportions as they must be varied
to suit the peculiar kind of article to be produced.
The essential feature of the Invention consists in the manufacture of a new
material or composition as a substitute for straw, such composition being composed
of the before-mentioned ingredients.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PUNCHES FOR METAL TUBES OR CAPSULES
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Denton Abel at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 18th November 1878. A communication
from abroad by Wilhelm Lorenz, of Carlsruhe, Baden, in the German Empire.
CHARLES DENTON ABEL, of Southampton Buildings, in the County of Middlesex.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN PUNCHES FOR METAL TUBES OR CAPSULES." [A communication
from abroad by Wilhelm Lorenz, of Carlsruhe, Baden, in the German Empire.]
The punchies employed heretofore in the manufacture of metal tubes or capsules
have been provided at their upper ends with a head, for the purpose of securing
them firmly in the socket of the punching machine.
According to the present Invention, I construct the punch without such head,
thereby effecting a considerable saving in the cost of their manufacture, and I
securely fix the same in its socket by the following arrangement.
The recess in the socket is made of considerably larger diameter than the end of
the punch, and has a screw thread formed in it; upon the end of the punch is
placed a loose conical piece slit at one or more points, and over this is placed a
gland having a conical inner surface fitting the smaller end of the conical piece, and
provided on its outer surface with a screw thread fitting the female thread of the
socket.
Thus on introducing the end of the punch with its split conical piece into the
socket and then screwing in the gland, the conical piece is compressed against the
surface of the punch, and is thus made to hold it securely in the socket.
By making both ends of the punch of the same form it may be made reversible,
that is, the end held by the socket may be used as the operating end when the
latter has become worn.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF 'CLOG IRONS, AND IN THE MEANS OR METHOD OF FASTENING THEM TO THE SOLES OF CLOGS AND PATTENS, APPLICABLE ALSO AS TIPS FOR BOOTS AND SHOES
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Knight Proctor and Edwin Taylor at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 15th May 1878.
KNIGHT PROCTOR, of Burnley, in the County of Lancaster, and EDWIN TAYLOR,
of Littleborough, in the same County. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF
'CLOG IRONS, AND IN THE MEANS OR METHOD OF FASTENING THEM TO THE
SOLES OF CLOGS AND PATTENS, APPLICABLE ALSO AS TIPS FOR BOOTS AND
SHOES."
The object of this Invention is to fasten clog irons on to the soles of clogs and
pattens without the use of a series of nails in the bottom of the soles, as at
present.
The improvements consist in having cars, lugs, or projections at the sides of these
irons, so that when applied to the soles or heels of clogs or pattens nails or screws
can be driven through the ears or lugs into the sides or edges of the sole, and the
iron held securely thereto. By this means the nails used at present for fastening
irons on the soles are dispensed with, and consequently irons constructed on this
plan wear much longer, as they can be worn until the iron is entirely worn away,
which is not the case where nails are used at the bottom of the soles.
Tips for boots and shoes may also be made with ears or projections, and fastened
by means of nails to the edge of the sole or heel.
If necessary a nail may be used at the end of each iron under the hollow of the
foot, so as to prevent the iron lifting or springing; these irons are cast either in
brass, malleable iron, or cast iron.
Suitably constructed cramps are employed for holding the iron to the sole until
the nails are put in.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MODE OF AND APPARATUS FOR CUTTING WATCH, CLOCK,. AND OTHER SMALL WHEELS
Year: 1878

page_text: "
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Peter Hewitt at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 3rd August 1878.
THOMAS PETER HEWITT, of Scotch Lane, Prescot, in the County of Lancaster.
'IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MODE OF AND APPARATUS FOR CUTTING WATCH, CLOCK,.
AND OTHER SMALL WHEELS."
In the manufacture of watch, clock, and other small wheels the teeth have been
until now as far as my knowledge extends cut by hand machines only; now my
Invention is designed to alter the machines so as to be able to apply steam or other
motive power to them.
It consists in using any of the ordinary machines suitable for the purpose, more
especially that known as the "Lancashire wheel cutting machine," the mode of
and apparatus for driving (and lubricating, as far as this machine is concerned)
being the new Invention.
I place the driving shaft in such position that it can actuate by cams both the
spring catch, the mandril of the driving plate, and the cutting slide. On the
spindle is a change wheel, and into this gears a cam, pawl, or equivalent mechanism
that moves it on intermittently exactly one or more teeth, or other regulated
distance for each revolution of the driving shaft. Just before it is moved on the
spring catch is raised by another cam or its equivalent. Immediately after the
movement of the spindle the spring catch is allowed to drop and hold it. An
eccentric or equivalent mechanism now brings down the cutting slide and cuts the
tooth.
In very large wheels the cutter can be made to reciprocate several times for each
revolution of the driving shaft.

page_text: The speed of the driving shaft is regulated by change wheels or their equivalent.
As in the cutting of steel wheels it is absolutely necessary to well lubricate the
cutter I arrange a lubricator to automatically supply lubricant to the cutter; this
can be done by a fibrous wick slowly conveying the oil out in the manner of a
syphon, or by a needle or rod being pushed into and drawn of the lubricating a
vessel at each stroke, or by the opening of a small valve periodically.
IMPROVEMENTS IN TEAPOTS
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Elliott Debenham at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 2nd March 1878.
WILLIAM ELLIOTT DEBENHAM, of Massingham House, Haverstock Hill, in the
County of Middlesex. IMPROVEMENTS IN TEAPOTS."
"
I make the upper part of the teapot of such a form that when the pot is tilted
to pour out its contents there shall be no overflow from the opening for the lid, and
this I accomplish by making the lid opening in the back part of the top of the pot,
and have a corresponding medallion or pattern on the front part of the top to
balance the unequal appearance that the placing of the lid out of centre would
otherwise cause.
In a simpler form I merely keep the lid opening so far back from the centre that
it may be nearly the highest part of the pot when tilted.
The whole top is either flattened or raised towards the centre or back.
The medallion or pattern on the front part of the top may be either of the same
pattern as the lid itself, or may be of any form that will balance ornamentally
with the lid.