IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF KNIT AND LOOPED FABRICS, AND IN THE RAISING PILE THEREOF
Year: 1851

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, THOMAS
HAINES and JOHN WEBSTER HANCOCK, of Melbourne, in the County of Derby,
Manufacturers, ALBERT THORNTON, of the same Place, and JAMES THORNTON, of
Leicester, Mechanics, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her present most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Royal Letters Patent under the Great Seal of the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, bearing date at Westminster, the Tenth day of May,
(One thousand eight hundred and fifty-one), in the fourteenth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto us, the
said Thomas Haines, John Webster Hancock, Albert Thornton, and James
Thornton, our exors, admors, and assigns, Her especial license, full power,
sole privilege and authority, that we, the said Thomas Haines, John Webster
Hancock, Albert Thornton, and James Thornton, our exors, admors, and
assigns, or such others as we, the said Thomas Haines, John Webster
Hancock, Albert Thornton, and James Thornton, our exors, admors, or:
assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and
all times during the term of years therein expressed; should and lawfully
might make, use, exercise, and vend, within England, Wales, and the Town of
Berwick-upon-Tweed, our Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE
OF KNIT AND LOOPED FABRICS, AND IN THE RAISING PILE THEREOF;" in which

page_text: said Letters Patent is contained a proviso that we, the said Thomas Haines,
John Webster Hancock, Albert Thornton, and James Thornton, or one of us,
shall cause a particular description of the nature of our said Invention, and
in what manner the same is to be performed, by an instrument in writing
under our hands and seals, or under the hand and seal of some or one of us,
to be inrolled in Her said Majesty's High Court of Chancery within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said in part
recited Letters Patent, as in and by the same, reference being thereunto had,
will more fully and at large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, we, the said
Thomas Haines, John Webster Hancock, Albert Thornton, and James
Thornton, do hereby declare that the nature of our said Invention, and the
manner of performing the same, are fully described and ascertained in and by
the following statement thereof, reference being had to the Drawings here-
unto annexed, and to the figures and letters marked thereon, that is to
say:-
Our Invention consists, first, of improvements in knitting machinery,
whereby the thread or yarn is introduced under the beards of the needles,
which are in some cases made capable of closing without the use of pressers,
and the loops are formed and the work knocked over by peculiar apparatus;
plaited fabrics, terry pile, and cut pile fabrics, and fabrics with two true
surfaces are also made by suitable arrangements and construction of parts.
Secondly, our Invention consists of improvements in apparatus and 'means
of taking away the work as it is made in that class of knitting machines where
the work passes through a revolving tube or axis. -
Thirdly, our Invention consists of improvements in the machinery and in
producing warp fabrics whereby two needle bars in the same machine are so
worked in combination with other suitable apparatus that two separate fabrics
may be made or two fabrics connected together, so as when separated by
cutting to form two-piled fabrics, or two fabrics may be made on the two sets'
of needles, and combined: together by intermediate threads, so as to produce
one fabric.
. And, fourthly, our Invention consists of improvements in machinery used for
producing warp fabrics, whereby two sets of needles are employed, one set
taking its supply of threads from the other set.
And in order that our Invention may be most fully understood and readily
carried into effect, we will proceed to describe the means pursued by us.

page_text: These Drawings shew so much of a circular knitting frame or machine as
will enable us to describe the first part of our Invention. The nature of each
view shewn these Drawings being written thereon it will not be necessary
to repeat the same here. This machinery, so far as using needles arranged in
a circle, is similar to other circular knitting frames and machines, but the
apparatus for laying in the threads or yarns under the beards of the
needles combined with the circumstance that the beard of each needle is made.
to close by its own elasticity, materially alter the working of this description.
of machinery, whether the work be produced in a circular or other form; and
further, the instruments for forming the loops and knocking over the work
differ very materially from the instruments heretofore employed in knitting
machines for performing such processes whether used in circular or other
machines, and they are made with reference to a novel mode of producing.
the loops, which consists of causing the threads or yarns to be pressed out
from the ends or heads of the needles in place of forcing the threads or yarns.
through between the stems of the needles in a direction at right angles or
nearly so to the stems of the needles, which has heretofore been the means of
producing the loops by the various formed instruments heretofore used in
knitting machines, both where the needles are arranged in circles and other-
wise, such forming of the loops or bends of the threads or yarns between the
needles having been performed after laying the threads or yarns on to the
stems of the needles, and before the same have been passed under the beards
of the needles. The machine shown has the needles arranged radially, and the
same are fixed to a circle; but our Invention, though we believe it is best
carried out by such an arrangement, may be varied, and the machine has
several sets of apparatus for laying the threads or yarns for forming the loops,
and for knocking over the work. The Plan shown in the Drawing however
shows only one complete set at work, the others indicated in part being simply
repetitions of what is shown at that one part. It will therefore be understood
that in describing the one part, and the nature of the instruments and
apparatus used at that part, the same instruments, apparatus, and mode
of working is repeated as many times as the size of the machine or other
circumstances will admit of; according to this arrangement the guage of
the needles may be much finer than heretofore, and the number of courses
increased. It should be stated that the same letters of reference are
used in each of the views shown by the Drawing to indicate the same
mechanical parts. a, a, are the needles, the beards of which are formed

page_text: to close by their own elasticity, and we find it desirable to make the beards
somewhat larger than those generally used, to admit of their having the desired
elasticity for the passage of the thread layers to pass freely under them, and
yet readily and effectually to close on the passing of the thread carriers from
under them. The needles are fixed in leads in pairs, and the leads are fixed
to the plate b, as shown. c is the instrument by which the loop is made and
the work knocked over the heads of the needles, and which we will call the
loop makers; they are supported in the guides d which are fixed in the leads
which carry the needles, and they are so formed that when the neighbouring
ones come together they form slots or openings within or between which the
loop makers can slide, and also when their tails are pressed on by a roller, as
herein-after explained, the outer ends can raise the loop makers at such time,
each resting on the lower part of its inner guide d as a fulcrum. The form of
the loop makers being shown in the Drawing it will not be necessary to
describe the same by words, a description of their mode of action will be suf-
ficient to make the same well understood. is the thread carrier, which is so
formed as to enter and move continually under the beards of the needles, the
needles as before stated closing after they have passed beyond the thread
carriers, for it will be seen that in the arrangement shown that the thread
carriers remain stationary, and the needle with their loop makers continually
revolve, but this may be varied. The nature of the thread carrier being
clearly shown in the Drawing it will not be necessary to describe the form of
the same, as a workman will readily understand the nature of it from the
Drawings. is a fixed inclined surface against which the loop makers in
their rotation with their needles come, and are thereby forced outwards, the
nebs c¹ of the loop makers forcing the thread or yarn beyond the heads of their
needles to an extent according to the extent of loop desired to be made, the
parts of the loop makers bringing up the work which is on the stems of the
needles, and they press the same on to the beards of the needles; and it should
be understood that the parts of the instruments c which perform this work
pass between each pair of needles, there being however but one instrument c
to a pair of needles, each such instrument at its outer end being composed of
two plates which pass on either side of one of the pair of needles carried by
a lead of needles, so that there will be one of these plates c', c², between each
pair of neighbouring needles. This arrangement is applicable in fine
guages
as a single blade would be suitable in coarse guages. The instruments chaving
arrived up to the top of the incline f, there is a slight curve in the surface f,
which is succeeded by a straight surface, and there is a wheel g, or it may be
any other convenient instrument, to depress the tails of the loop makers c, by

page_text: which the part of each of these instruments will come against the work pre-
viously pressed up nearly to the heads of the needles, and they will by the
angular position they are caused to assume cause the work to be knocked over
the heads of needles, after which the outer ends of the instruments c will
come against the fixed incline plane h, which will cause them to recede towards
the centre and the nebs c¹ will carry back the work on to the stems of the
needles; and this course of working will take place. after each of the thread
carriers has laid its thread or yarn under the beards of the needles. The
fabric thus formed descends down the exterior, and hoops or rings as shown
in the Drawing are caused to keep the work sufficiently tight.
The machine as above described, when working as above explained, having
all the needles capable of closing their beards without the aid of a presser, will,
as will readily be understood, only produce simple or plain knit fabrics; and
therefore if tuck work or ornamental work is to be produced, then, in place
of the work being knocked off each needle in succession, needles with open
beards requiring a presser may be used with other needles which have self-
acting beards; thus, supposing that every alternate needle were a self-closing
needle, and the others needles with open beards, the effect of which would be
that the work or those needles which have self-closing beards would be
knocked over where the apparatus above described may be employed in the
machine, whilst the work which is on those needles which have open beards
would pass into the beards of the open needles and would not be knocked
over; and a further loop, or quantity of thread or yarn, would be laid into
those needles and be carried back on to the stems of the needles, and the
work would only be knocked over those needles in those parts of the machine
where a fixed presser p is employed; or where tuck work is to be made in a
machine all the needles may be open bearded needles, in which case each of
the loop makers opposite, where tuck work is to be made, would be provided
with a projection near the tail end, which, when the work is not to be
knocked over, would come under a fixed incline, suitable for slightly raising
the instruments c, so that they may not at a particular place press on the
needles to close the beards at those places, where omitting to press is desirable,
and the instruments c in that case would be, provided with projections or
additions, shewn at Figure A, to press on their respective needles, when
their tail ends are not raised, to avoid pressing, as above stated, at other
courses of the work, all the needles would be pressed by passing under a
fixed presser.
с
In some cases it is desired to make fabrics with two surfaces alike, that is,
with two true surfaces, in place of making them with front and back surfaces.

page_text: We do not however claim the making of knit fabrics with two surfaces alike,
but we make the machinery, according to this part of our Invention, with two
sets of needles in place of one, as above described. This will readily be under-
stood by reference to Drawing B, where sections of so much of a machine
constructed according to this part of our Invention are shewn. One part of
the Invention is constructed and worked in like manner to that above described,
and it has combined with it an outer ring z, which carries a second set of
needles y in an upright position; the ring is connected to the interior
machine by stiff and strong bars 2', so that the ring z and the interior of the
machine will go correctly together in their rotation; and the needles are
provided with loop-making instruments c', which carry the needles y, and
which are shewn separately, and their construction will readily be understood
by examining the Drawing. The instruments c* are provided with projections
which coming against the fixed inclined surfaces a cause the instruments
to be forced outwards to carry their loops beyond the heads of the other set
of needles. The thread carriers lay their threads within the beards of the
needles a at the time the needles y are between the needles a, and the threads
are laid in front of the needles y, as is indicated by the Drawing at Figure B;
the needles y are then caused to recede, taking with them their portions of
the thread, as is indicated by Figure C, and the same will pass under the beards
of the needles y, and they will come in contact with a fixed presser w, which
will close the fabric, and the work previously on the needles y will then pass
over the beards by the descent of the needles y passing below a fixed incline u,
by which the work on those needles will be knocked or pass over the heads of
the needles y at the time the work is knocked over the heads of the needles a.
When it is desired to produce plaited fabrics in circular machines, then we
employ a different description of thread layers in order that they may lay two
threads in under the beards, but so separate that the nebs of the loop makers
c may in descending pass between the two threads and keep them separate,
the nebs being only very narrow, so as not to cause the outer threads to be
made into loops, as would be the case if the nebs were wide (and which we
have recourse to when for producing terry or cut pile, as herein-after explained),
so as to cause the outer thread to be materially extended from the other when
the loop is being made of the two threads at each needle. In working
according to this part of our Invention the instruments c as they are pushed
in after the laying of the two threads under the beards of the needles are to
be kept raised at their outer ends (which may be conveniently done by their
tails passing under a fixed incline) till the nebs get beyond the first or inner
thread, and then they are to be allowed to drop, by which the two threads

page_text: will be kept separate by the nebs, and the pressing out of the instruments c
will cause loops or bends of the threads to be protruded beyond the heads of
the needles, as before explained; but in this case the inner thread will be
caused to loop or project beyond the heads of the needles by the inner portion
of the instrument c being moved outwards sufficiently for that purpose, and
then the working will in other respects be as before explained. It is not,
however, absolutely necessary in making plaited fabrics in such machines to
keep the two threads separate by the nebs, as good fabrics may be made
without doing so, in which case the working, as first described, would be
retained, simply introducing the two threads, as shewn by the Drawing. If
terry pile be desired to be made, then the nebs of the instruments c are to be
wide enough to protrude the outer thread beyond the other thread a distance
equal to the desired length of pile, and the act of raising the instruments c by
pressing on the tail ends by a roller or otherwise, as before explained, when
knocking over the work' will cause the webs to be raised out of the pile loops;
or if cut pile be desired, then by making part of the neb or instrument on
which the loop is produced sharp at its outer edge it will by the use of the
same instrument make the loop, and in moving out of the loop cut its way
through, which mode of making cut-pile fabrics in circular knitting machines
is new; and we would state that it is also new to arrange circular knitting
machines in such manner that terry fabrics and plaited fabrics may be made
therein, and it constitutes part of our Invention to do so.
We will now describe the second part of our Invention, which relates to
knitting machines, where the work as it is made passes through a hollow
revolving tube or axis; and the improvements consist of apparatus and means
of more conveniently taking away the work as it is produced, and at the same
time admitting of a considerable quantity of work being made before cutting
the same from the machine.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING C.
This Drawing represents in section so much of a knitting machine wherein
the needles are placed around the. end of a cylinder, as is well understood, and
the work as it is made passes in towards the centre of the machine and then

page_text: other means may be
The other end of the
portion which can be pressed inwards by a screw, but
resorted to for fixing the end of the bag or receiver.
bag is connected to a weighted cord, there being a swivel which allows the
bag to turn freely as the hollow axis of the machine and the work turn
When the bag has been drawn up to the pulley over which the weighted cord
passes, the workman puts his hand into the bag, unfixes the fabric at the
neck of the bag, and draws the fabric into the bag till the neck of the bag
comes again near the end of the hollow axis of the machine, when the neck
of the bag is to be again fastened to the fabric.
We will now describe the third part of our Invention, which relates to
improvements in machinery used in the manufacture of warp fabrics.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING D.
These Drawings show so much of a warp machine as will enable us to
describe this part of our Invention, and as the nature of each of the views
shewn by the Drawings is written thereon it will not be necessary to repeat
the same here. The position and modes of the parts differ from those of
ordinary warp machines, but so far as the production of single fabrics they
will work in regard to the needles to produce like fabrics to those produced in
other warp machines. In the arrangement shewn the two needle bars are
caused to move up and down alternately, so as to have threads from their
guide bars lapped thereon, as hereafter explained. a, b, are the two needle
bars, which have separate fabrics made thereon or two fabrics connected so as
to produce pile when cut from each other, or the two fabrics may be tied by
intermediate threads into one solid fabric; and it may be stated that in either
of these cases the warp worked into a fabric in one set of needles may be of
different colors, and the connecting threads when used for making cut pile
fabrics, or when making one solid fabric out of the two fabrics, may be of
different or the same colour as the others used in making the fabrics on the
two sets of needles. The needle bars are caused to rise and fall by means of
suitable cams acting on levers which give motion to connecting rods d, d,
as is well understood, and as will readily be traced on examining these
Drawings.
In the arrangement shewn there is only one guide bar to each needle bar,
but this may be varied as in other warp machines. These guide bars e, f,
are shogged endwise by suitable lace wheels, as is well understood, and they
receive proper motions by means of a cam acting on a lever which gives
motion through the connecting rod g to the spindle bar h, to which are
affixed the plates i which carry the guide bars e, f, as shewn, by which a

page_text: warp
swinging motion is communicated to the guide bars, so that they may lap
their threads on to their respective needles, and when a pile or intermediate
is used that it may work with both sets of needles; j, j, are two bars
carried by arms,, affixed to the spindle bar, which is caused to move by
means of a cam acting on a lever which gives motion to the spindle bar by
the connecting rod 3, by which means the presser bar which acts to close the
beards of either set of needles will be caused to swing towards the needles
when that needle bar is up, as will readily be understood on examining the
Drawings; k, k, are two bars which at intervals have their plates 1 fixed
thereon, through the ends of which a narrow thin blade of metal is passed,
and is supported thereby, and it is over this blade that the work passes, as is
indicated by the Drawing. This machine is put into motion by the workman
turning the handles , l, on either side of the machine, which by means of
the pinion on the crank axis give motion to the cog wheel m, which gives
motion to the cog wheel m¹ on the cam shaft, as shewn, and the motions to
the needle bars and to the presser bars and to the guide bars are given by the
cams, as before mentioned, and motion to the lace wheels which actuate the
guide bars is derived from the cam shaft, but the same is not introduced into.
the Drawings, as the same will readily be applied by a workman without further
description. By this arrangement it will be evident that two fabrics may be
simultaneously made in the same machine on the two independent needle bars,
and they may by having suitable guide bars and guide bar wheels have any
desired class of work produced as in other or single warp machines; and
further, by the use of an additional warp working with both sets of needles,
the two fabrics may be combined together in such manner that when cut.
apart they will form two-piled fabrics; and further, if desired the two fabrics
may be tied into one fabric, either all over or at intervals, in which latter case.
the heads of the two sets of needles will be brought closer together than
when for making separate fabrics or piled fabrics.
And we would state, in respect to this part of our Invention, that it is new
so to arrange warp machinery, that two separate warp fabrics may be pro-
duced at the same time in one machine, and it constitutes part of our
improvements to combine the use of two needle bars in warp machinery so as
to accomplish this result, and it is also new and part of our improvements to
5 cause two warp fabrics when being made in a machine to be combined either
all over or at intervals, whether for making pile fabrics or combined fabrics,
as herein explained.
We will now describe the fourth part of our Invention, which also relates
to improvements in machinery used in the manufacture of warp fabrics, where

page_text: two sets of needles are used; hitherto, in the working of this class of machi-
nery, separate instruments have been required for knocking over the work at
the end of each course, either acting between the needles, or by the heads of
the needles themselves being brought in contact with a suitable bar over
which the work is carried, as in the arrangement previously described; now
according to this part of our Invention such instruments or apparatus are
dispensed with, the needles themselves being, so arranged as to knock over the
work at the end of each course, all which will be readily understood on
examining the Drawing E.
This Drawing shows so much of a warp machine as will enable us to
describe this part of our Invention, and the nature and position of the parts
being written thereon it will not be necessary to repeat the same here.
It will be seen on examining the several sections that there are two needle
bars, so disposed that the needles of one bar are introduced between the
needles of the opposite bar, in a diagonal or slanting direction, so that when
the guides, which are of the ordinary kind, have worked and laid their threads
upon one set of needles a, and the presser c has been brought into action, the
needle bar a¹ will be caused to draw the needle a in a diagonal direction
through or between the stems of the needles b, so as to carry or knock the
work over the heads of the needles a; the guides will then work or lay their
threads over the needles b, the presser d will come into action, and the
needles 6 will then be drawn between the stems of the needles a, and the
work will be knocked over without the aid of any separate or additional
instrument. We have not thought it necessary to shew the mode of giving
the diagonal motions to the needle and presser bars, as the same will be readily
understood and applied by the workman acquainted with this class of machi-
nery; our Invention consisting in the so arranging one set of needles to work
with another that one set of needles may serve to knock or carry the work
over the other set.
Having thus described the nature of our Invention, and the manner of
performing the same, we would have it understood that we do not confine
ourselves to the details as herein described, as the same may be varied with-
out departing from our Invention, so long as the peculiar character of any of
our improvements be retained; but what we claim is,-
First, the improvements herein described with reference to the Drawings
marked A and B.
Secondly, we claim the mode herein described of taking away the work in
knitting niachines, where the same passes through a hollow axis.

page_text: Thirdly, we claim the improvements in the manufacture of warp fabrics
described in respect to the Drawings marked B, and,
Fourthly, we claim the use of two sets of needles intersecting each other
in warp machinery.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Webster Hancock, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Tenth day of November, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-one.

page_text: AIMES' DISCLAIMER AND MEMORANDUM OF ALTERA-
TION. [HAIMES, HANCOCK, AND A. & J. THORNTON'S SPECIFICATION.].
In the Matter of a Patent granted to THOMAS HAIMES and JOHN
WEBSTER HANCOCK, of Melbourne, in the County of Derby, Manu-
facturers, ALBERT THORNTON, of the same Place, and JAMES THORNTON,
of Leicester, Mechanics, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF KNIT AND LOOPED FABRICS, AND IN THE RAISING PILE
THEREON," bearing, date at Westminster the Tenth day of May One
thousand eight hundred and fifty-one, and which said Letters Patent,
and all interest therein, have been duly assigned to and are now
vested in the said Thomas Haimes.
ISCLAIMER AND MEMORANDUM OF ALTERATION proposed to be
entered by the said Thomas Haimes, as such Assignee as aforesaid,
with the Clerk of the Patents of England, according to the Statutes in
that case made and provided.
WHEREAS since the enrolment of the Specification of the said Letters
atent, I have ascertained that certain parts of the Invention therein described
ve not turned out to be publicly useful, I, for this reason; wish to disclaim,
d I do hereby disclaim all parts of the said Specification which relate to and
scribe so much of the said Invention as is shown in the Drawings B;
the reason aforesaid I wish to disclaim, and I do hereby disclaim all parts
the said Specification which relate. to and describe the second and fourth
and

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parts of the said Invention; and I alter the claiming clause near the end o
the said Specification, which is in the following words, vizt. "We claim the
improvements in the manufacture of warp fabrics described in respect to the
Drawings marked B," by striking out the letter B and inserting the letter D,
the letter B having been inserted in error.
And in order that the effect of the Disclaimer and Memorandum of Alter-
ation may be better understood, I annex a copy of the Specification as it will
appear when such Disclaimer and Memorandum of Alteration have been made
as aforesaid.
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"Our Invention consists, first, of improvements in knitting machinery
whereby the thread or yarn is introduced under the beards of the needles,
"which are in some cases made capable of closing without the use of pressers,
"and the loops are formed and the work knocked over by peculiar apparatus;
plaited fabrics, terry, pile, and cut pile fabrics are also made by suitable
" arrangements and construction of parts."
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Secondly, our Invention consists of improvements in the machinery and
"in producing warp fabrics whereby two needle bars in the same machine are
so worked in combination with other suitable apparatus that two separate
"fabrics may be made, or two fabrics connected together so as when separated
by cutting to form two piled fabrics, or two fabrics may be made on the
"two sets of needles and combined together by intermediate threads so as
"produce one fabric."
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"And in order that our Invention may be most fully understood and readily
"carried into effect, we will proceed to describe the means pursued by us."
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:
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"DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS."
"These Drawings show so much of a circular knitting frame or.machine as
"will enable us to describe the first part of our Invention. The nature of
"each view shown by these Drawings being written thereon, it will not be
"necessary to repeat the same here. This machinery so far as using needles
arranged in a circle, is similar to other circular knitting frames and machines,
"but the apparatus for laying in the threads or yarns under the beards of the
"needles, combined with the circumstance that the beard of each needle is
"made to close by its own elasticity, materially to alter the working of this de-
scription of machinery, whether the work be produced in a circular or other
"form; and further, the instruments for forming the loops and knocking over
the work, differ very materially from the instruments heretofore employed
"in knitting machines for performing such processes, whether used in circular
or other machines; and they are made with reference to a novel mode of
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"
'
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producing the loops, which consists of causing the threads or yarns to be
pressed out from the ends or heads of the needles in place of forcing the
threads or yarns through between the stems of the needles in a direction at
right angles or nearly so to the stems of the needles, which has heretofore
"been the means of producing the loops by the various formed instruments
"heretofore used in knitting machines, both where the needles are arranged
"in circles. and otherwise; such forming of the loops or bends of the threads
or yarns between the needles having been performed after laying the threads
or yarns on to the stems of the needles, and before the same have been passed
"under the beards of the needles. The machine shown has the needles
"arranged radially, and the same are fixed to a circle; but our Invention,
though we believe it is best carried out by such an arrangement, may be
"varied; and the machine has several sets of apparatus for laying the threads
or yarns for forming the loops, and for knocking over the work. The plan
"shown in the Drawing, however, shews only one complete set at work, the
." others indicated in part being simply repetitions of what is shown at that
"one part. It will, therefore, be understood that in describing the one part
"and the nature of the instruments and apparatus used at that part, the same
" instruments, apparatus, and mode of working is repeated as many times as
"the size of the machine or other circumstances will admit of. According to
." this arrangement the gauge of the needles may be much finer than hero-
"tofore, and the number of courses increased. It should be stated that the
"same letters of reference are used in each of the views. shown by the
Drawing to indicate the same mechanical parts. à; a; are the needles, the
"beards of which are formed to close by their own elasticity, and we find it
"desirable to make the beards somewhat larger than those generally used to
." admit of their having the desired elasticity for the passage of the thread
"layers to pass freely under them, and yet readily and effectually to close on
the passing of the thread carriers from under them. The needles are fixed
"in leads in pairs, and the leads are fixed to the plate b, as shown; c is the
instrument by which the loop is made and the work knocked over the heads
"of the needles, and which we will call the loop makers. They are supported
"in the guides d, which are fixed in the leads which carry the needles, and
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they are so formed that when the neighbouring ones come together they
"form slots or openings within or between which the loop makers can slide;
"and also when their tails are pressed on by a roller, as herein-after explained,
"the outer ends can raise the loop makers at such time, each resting on the
"lower part of its inner guide d as a fulcrum. The form of the loop makers
"being shown in the Drawing, it will not be necessary to describe the same

page_text: "
"
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by words, a description of their mode of action will be sufficient to make the
same well understood. is the thread carrier, which is so formed as to
"enter and move continually under the beards of the needles; the needles,
"as before stated, closing after they have passed beyond the thread carriers;
"for it will be seen that in the arrangement shown, that the thread carriers
"remain stationary, and the needles, with their loop makers, continually
"revolve; but this may be varied. The nature of the thread carrier being
clearly shown in the Drawing, it will not be necessary to describe the form
of the same, as a workman will readily understand the nature of it from the
Drawings. f is a fixed inclined surface, against-which the loop niakers in
their rotation with their needles come, and are thereby forced outwards; the
"nebs c' of the loop makers forcing the thread or yarn beyond the heads of
their needles to an extent according to the extent of loop desired to be
made; the parts
cof the loop makers bringing up the work which is on
the stems of the needles, and they press the same on to the beards of the
"needles; and it should be understood that the parts of the instrument c
"which perform this work pass between, each pair of needles, there being,
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however, but one instrument c to a pair of needles; each such instrument
"at its outer end being composed of two plates, which pass on either side of
""one of the pair of needles carried by a lead of needles, so that there will be
"one of these plates c, c², between each pair of neighbouring needles. This
"arrangement is applicable in fine guages, as a single blade would be suitable
"in coarse guages. The instruments c having arrived up to the top of the in-
clinef, there is a slight curve in the surface f, which is succeeded by a straight
"surface, and there is a wheel g, or it may be any other convenient instrument
" to depress the tails of the loop makers c, by which the part c² of each of these
" instruments will come against the work previously pressed up nearly to
"the heads of the needles, and they will by the angular position they are
"caused to assume, cause the work to be knocked over the heads of needles,
after which the outer ends of the instruments c will come against the
"fixed inclined plane h, which will cause them to recede towards the centre,
" and the nebs c¹ will carry back the work on to the stems of the needles,
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and this course of working will take place after each of the thread carriers
"has laid its thread or yarn under the beards of the needles. The. fabric
;" thus formed descends down the exterior, and hoops or rings as shown in
"the Drawing are caused to keep the work sufficiently tight. The machine
" as above described when working as above explained having all the needles
"capable of closing their beards without the aid of a presser will as will
readily be understood only produce simple or plain knit fabrics, and

page_text: "therefore if tuck work or ornamental work is to be produced, then in place
"of the work being knocked off each needle in succession, needles with
open beards requiring a presser may be used with other needles which have
"self-acting beards, thus supposing that every alternate needle were a
"self-closing needle, and the others needles with open beards, the effect of
"which would be that the work or those needles which have self-closing
"beards would be knocked over where the apparatus above described may
"be employed in the machine whilst the work which is on those needles
"which have open beards would pass into the beards of the open needles
"and would not be knocked over, and a further loop or quantity of thread
or yarn would be laid into those needles and be carried back on to the
"stems of the needles, and the work would only be knocked over those
"needles in those parts of the machine where a fixed presser pis employed
or where tuck work is to be made in a machine; all the needles may be
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open bearded needles, in which case each of the loop makers c opposite
"where tuck work is to be made would be provided with a projection near
"the tail end, which when the work is not to be knocked over would come
"under a fixed incline suitable for slightly raising the instruments c so that
they may not at a particular place press on the needles to close the beards
"of those places where omitting to press is desirable, and the instruments c
"in that case would be provided with projections or additions c³ shewn at
Figure A to press on their respective needles when their tail ends are
"not raised to avoid pressing as above stated; at other courses of the work
"all the needles would be pressed by passing under a fixed presser."
"
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When it is desired to produce plaited fabrics in circular machines, then
we employ a different description of thread layers, in order that they may
lay two threads in under the beards, but so separate that the nebs of. the
loop makers c may in descending pass between the two threads and keep
"them separate, the nebs being only very narrow so as not to cause the
outer threads to be made into loops as would be the case if the nebs were
"wide (and which we have recourse to, when for producing terry or cut pile
as herein-after explained) so as to cause the outer thread to be materially
"extended from the other when the loop is being made of the two threads
"at each needle. In working according to this part of our Invention the
instruments c as they are pushed in after the laying of the two-thirds.
"under the beards of the needles are to be kept raised at their outer ends
© (which may be conveniently done by their tails passing, under a fixed,
incline) till the nebs get beyond the first or inner thread, and then they.
are to be allowed to drop, by which the two threads will be kept separate
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page_text: "
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by the nebs, and the 'pressing out of the instruments c will cause loops
" or bends of the threads to be protruded beyond the heads of the needles
as before explained, but in this case the inner thread will be caused to
loop or project beyond the heads of the needles by the inner portion of
"the instrument c being moved outwards sufficiently for that purpose, and
"then the working will in other respects be as before explained. It is
"not however absolutely necessary in making plaited fabrics in such machines
" to keep the two threads separate by the nebs as good fabrics may be made
"without doing so, in which case the working as first described would be
"retained, simply introducing the two threads as shown by the Drawing.
"If terry pile be desired to be made then the nebs of the instruments care
"to be wide enough to protrude the outer thread beyond the other thread a
"distance equal to the desired length of pile, and the act of raising the
" instruments by pressing on the tail ends by a roller or otherwise, as
" before explained when knocking over the work, will cause the webs to
"be raised out of the pile loops; or if cut pile be desired, then by making
part of the neb or instrument on which the loop is produced sharp at its
"outer edge it will by the use of the same instrument make the loop, and
"in moving out of the loop cut its way through, which mode of making
cut pile fabrics in circular knitting machines is new and we would state,
"that it is also new to arrange circular knitting machines in such manner
"that terry fabrics and plaited fabrics may be made therein and it constitutes
part of our Invention to do so."
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"
"We will now describe the second part of our Invention.
"DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING D.
"These Drawings shew so much of a warp machine as will enable us to
describe this part of our Invention, and as the nature of each of the views
shewn the Drawings is written thereon it will not be necessary to repeat
the same here. The position and modes of the parts differ from those of
ordinary warp machines; but so far as the production of single fabrics
they will work in regard to the needles to produce like fabrics to those
produced in other warp machines. In the arrangement shewn the two
" needle bars are caused to move up and down alternately so as to have threads
"from their guide bars, lapped thereon as hereafter explained. a, b, are
"the two needle bars which have separate fabrics made thereon, or two fabrics
"connected, so as to produce pile when cut from each other; or the two fabrics
may be tied by intermediate threads into one solid fabric, and it may be
stated that in either of these cases the warp worked into a fabric in one set

page_text: "of needles may be of different colors and the connecting threads, when used
"for making cut pile fabrics, or when making one solid fabric out of the two
"fabrics may be of different or the same color as the others used in making the
"fabrics on the two sets of needles. The needle bars are caused to rise and
"fall by means of suitable cams acting on levers which give motion to con-
"necting rods d, d, as is well understood and as will readily be traced on
"examining these Drawings. In the arrangement shewn, there is only
"
one guide bar to each needle bar, but this may be varied as in other
"warp machines. These guide bars e, f, are shogged endwise by suitable lace
"wheels as is well understood, and they receive proper motions by means of
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a cam acting on a lever which gives motion through the connecting rod g,'
"to the spindle bar h, to which are affixed the plates i, which carry the guide
"bars e, f, as shewn, by which a swinging motion is communicated to the
guide bars so that they may lap their threads on to their respective needles,"
and when a pile or intermediate warp is used that it may work with both
sets of needles;j, j, are two bars carried by arms ³, j', affixed to the spindle'
bar, which is caused to move by means of a cam acting on a lever which
gives motion to the spindle bar, by the connecting rod 13, by which means'
"the presser bar which acts to close the beards of either set of needles will
"be caused to swing towards the needles, when that needle bar is up, as will'
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presser
bars
readily be understood on examining the Drawings; k, k, are two bars which at
"intervals have their plates fixed thereon, through the ends of which a
"narrow thin blade of metal is passed and is supported thereby, and it is over
this blade that the work passes as is indicated by the Drawing. This
machine is put into motion by the workman turning the handles l',, on either
"side of the machine which by means of the pinion on the crank axis give
"motion to the cog wheel m, which gives motion to the cog wheel m¹; on the
" cam shaft as shewn, and the motions to the needle bars and to the
"and to the guide bars are given by the cams as before mentioned, and motion.
"to the lace wheels which actuate the guide bars is derived from the cam.
"shaft; but the same is not introduced into the Drawings, as the same. will
.readily be applied by a workman without further description. By this.
arrangement it will be evident that two fabrics may be simultaneously made
in the same machine on the two independent needle bars, and they may by:
having suitable guide bars, and guide bar wheels have any desired class of:
work produced as in other or single warp machines. And further by the:
". use of an additional warp, working with both sets of needles, the two fabrics:
"may be combined together in such manner that when cut apart. they will.
"form two piled fabrics, and, further, if desired, the two-fabrics: may.be .tied
"
"
"

page_text: said Thomas Haimes, to enter and file his said Disclaimer and Memorandum
of Alteration pursuant to the Statutes in such case made and provided.
RICHARD BETHELL, A.G.
AND BE IT REMEMBERED that on the Eleventh day of June, in the
year of our Lord 1861, the aforesaid Thomas Haimes came before our said
Lady the Queen in Her Chancery and acknowledged the Disclaimer aforesaid
and all and every thing therein contained and specified in form above written.
And also the Disclaimer aforesaid was stamped according to the tenor of the
Statutes made for that purpose.