IMPROVEMENTS IN REVIVIFYING GR REBURNING ANIMAL CHARCOAL
Year: 1839

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, FREDERICK.
PARKER, of 138, New Gravel Lane, Shadwell, in the County of Middlesex,
Charcoal Manufacturer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her present most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date at West
minster, the Twenty-second day of June, in the third year of Her reign,
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said
Frederick Parker, Her especial licence, full power, sole privilege and au-
thority, that I, the said Frederick Parker, my exors, adiñiors, and assigns, or
such others as I, the said Frederick Parker, my exors, admors, or assigns,
should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all
times during the term of years therein expressed, should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise, and vend, within England, Wales, and the Town of
Berwick-upon-Tweed, my Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN REVIVIFYING GR
REBURNING ANIMAL CHARCOAL;" in which said Letters Patent is contained
a proviso that I, the said Frederick Parker, shall cause a particular descrip-
tion of the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is
to be performed, to be inrolled in Her said Majesty's High Court of
Chancery within four calendar months next and immediately after the date
of the said in part recited Letters Patent, as in and by the same, rc-
ference being thereunto had, will more fully and at large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
Frederick Parker, do hereby declare the nature of my said Invention, and
the manner. in which the same is to be performed, are fully described and

page_text: ascertained in and by the following statement thereof, reference being had
to the Drawing hereunto annexed, and to the figures and letters marked
thereon, that is to say:-
It is well known that in refining sugar much animal charcoal is employed
in the process of what is called discolouring the liquors (sugar dissolved in
water), and that the animal charcoal so employed, after having been used for
some time, requires to undergo a process called "revivifying," which, in fact,
is a reburning or recharging, and for performing such process various arrange-
ments of apparatus have been employed, such as retorts, pots, and ovens,
closed as air-tight as possible during the time of applying heat to the same;
and the modes or processes of operating with such apparatus have been,
first, to permit the charcoal to remain to cool down in the same vessel in
which it has been heated, which, though beneficial as regards the quality of
charcoal reproduced, is, nevertheless, tedious and costly, and it is difficult to
keep good joints; secondly, the charcoal under operation having been heated
to the extent required in closed retorts, pots, or ovens, the charcoal after
opening the apparatus has been drawn in the highly heated state through the
atmosphere into coolers or vessels capable of being closed air-tight, or nearly
so, which circumstance of drawing charcoal in a highly heated state through
the atmosphere materially injures the quality of the charcoal reproduced
Now, the objects of my Invention is so to conduct the process of "revivifying,"
or reburning animal charcoal, that the retort, oven, or vessel shall not
require to be cooled down, and yet at the same time the drawing and cooling
process shall not cause the charcoal to pass into the atmosphere when in a red
hot condition or in a state to be injured thereby. Hence, according to my
heating takes place, and
process the vessel or the part thereof wherein the
the vessel or receiver, or the part thereof wherein cooling takes place, are so
arranged in respect to each other that they are suitably connected, and, by
preference, permamently connected, as to exclude the air from the charcoal
from the time it enters into the heating part of the apparatus until it leaves the
cooling part of the apparatus in such a state as not to be prejudicially acted
on by contact with the atmosphere.
Having thus generally pointed out the object and nature of the Invention,
I will proceed to describe an arrangement of apparatus such as I employ and
find fully to answer.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING.
Figure 1 represents a section of an apparatus arranged according to my

page_text: vertical
cooled in continued succession, without passing into the atmosphere till suffi-
ciently cooled down; Figure 2 is a plan in section, and Figure 3 is a transverse
section in elevation of the same apparatus as is shewn at Figure 1. In each
of the Figures the same letters indicate similar parts, a being
retort or vessel of iron or other suitable material, which is surrounded by the
flues of the fireplace or furnace b, as is shewn in the Drawing; c is a hopper
or chamber in which a constant supply of animal charcoal requiring to undergo
the process of reburning is kept up. Hence, as the charcoal is drawn or per-
mitted to descend from the lower part of the retort or vessel a, fresh quantities
of animal charcoal will fall or be forced into the retorts a; by this means the
upper part of the retort a will be closed against the descent of air to that
part of the retort wherein the charcoal is red hot, or so highly heated as to be
prejudiced by contact with the atmosphere. d is the cooling vessel, which is
connected to the lower part of the vessel a by a sand joint e. The cooler d
I prefer to be of thin sheet iron and of considerable extent, in order to offer
sufficient cooling surface. The lower end of the cooler d is closed by
a bottom and a slide f, as is shewn in the Drawing, there being a
series of openings in the bottom and slide, so that when it is desired.
to draw charcoal, the openings are made coincident in the slide and
bottom; at other times they are to be slided. The charcoal after descending
from the vessel a progressively becomes cooled in the vessel d, and by the
time it arrives at the point f may safely be withdrawn, and it will be evident
that the time allowed for heating in the vessel a, and the time allowed for
cooling in the vessel d, may be controlled by the rate at which the drawing of
the charcoal takes place. And I would remark that it is not absolutely
necessary to have the bottom or lower end of the cooler d closed as described,
as it may be so arranged that the charcoal which has descended and passed
out of the cooler shall rest in a heap and close the end of the cooler; and the
speed of the descending of the charcoal under operation will depend on the
rate at which the charcoal is removed. Indeed the apparatus may be varied.
without departing from my Invention, so long as the main object thereof be
retained, care being observed that the animal charcoal be not too early
exposed to the action of the atmosphere. g is an apparatus for measuring the
charcoal as it comes from the cooler d; this apparatus has a slide and
perforated bottom, similar to that above described to the cooler d.
Thus it will be seen that the animal charcoal under operation is revivified
or reburned and cooled down without the heating apparatus becoming cooled,
and without the animal charcoal being drawn from the heated retort into the
atmosphere, as were the practices formerly resorted to.

page_text: Having thus described the nature of my Invention, and the manner of
performing the same, I would have it understood that what I claim is, the
mode of revivifying or reburning animal charcoal as above described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Frederick Parker, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, the Twenty-second day of October, in the year of 5
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and thirty-nine.
AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the Twenty-second day of October,
in the year of our Lord 1839, the aforesaid Frederick Parker came before
our said Lady the Queen in Her Chancery, and acknowledged the Specifi-
cation aforesaid, and all and every thing therein contained and specified, in
form above written. And also the Specification aforesaid was stamped ac-
cording to the tenor of the Statute made for that purpose.
Inrolled the Twenty-second day of October, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and thirty-nine.