IMPROVEMENTS IN VESSELS AND MACHINERY FOR AERIAL NAVIGATION
Year: 1880

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Robert Lake, of the Firm of Haseltine, Lake, &
Co., Patent Agents, Southampton Buildings, London, for an Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN VESSELS AND MACHINERY FOR AERIAL NAVIGATION."
A communication from abroad by Albert Livingston Blackman, of Nashville,
Tennessee, United States of America, Gentleman.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Robert Lake at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 6th March 1880.
WILLIAM ROBERT LAKE, of the Firm of Haseltine, Lake, & Co., Patent Agents,
Southampton Buildings, London. "IMPROVEMENTS IN VESSELS AND MACHINERY
FOR AERIAL NAVIGATION." [A communication from abroad by Albert Livingston
Blackman, of Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America, Gentleman.]
This Invention relates to improvements in vessels and machinery for aerial
navigation, and comprises a light framework constructed of wires, rods, thin metal
tubing, and cordage, or other suitable material substantially secured at the inter-
sections in any manner to obtain strength and lightness, the whole being covered
and encased with silk, linen, thin metal, or other suitable material secured to the
framework, presenting preferably the form. of the grayling or salmon fishes.
The upper part or gas-field of the vessel is made air and gas tight, the
hull or underpart is made water-tight, and the whole is made fire-proof by paint,
varnish, or any compound in use. The gas-field is divided into compartments,
sub-divided by partitions into chambers of suitable form and dimensions, also made
air and gas tight, each chamber being provided with valve, stop cocks, and suitable
connecting pipes for the ingress and egress of gas. The lower part or bull of the
vessel is sub-divided into one or more decks comprising the cabin cut into compart-
ments, the machinery, engine, and store rooms, gas condensing compartments, and
others that may be required, all substantially stayed by braces, cross-braces,
supports and suspenders of metal or any light material that will give strength
without materially impairing its buoyancy, and provided with revolving and
rotating screw-wheels geared to revolving shafts on the sides, a propelling screw
aft, and a revolving steering screw forward, the machinery for propelling and
handling the vessel, the gas condensers, automatic valves, and a walk or guard on
the outside.

page_text: My Invention also comprises improvements in the construction and combination
of machinery for propelling and managing aerial vessels, and consists in combined
reciprocating and revolving shafts and belt sheaths provided with pulley wheels,
idlers, knotted gear for endless chain, yokes, and levers, a compound steering gear,
and a cone pulley connected through a driving pulley by belting or shafting to the
motive engine.
In carrying the said Invention into practice I provide a dome ridge forming an
ellipsoidal curve over from the stem to the stern of the vessel, preferably of tubing,
secured by the ends in metal collars fixed at the nodes, this being the main upper
shaving support of the vessel. At a proper distance from the top, running fore and
aft, with the ends secured in the said ellipsoidal or dome ridge, is a girder or cord,
preferably of tubing, which in addition to staying the dome-ridge serves as a
support and stay for the gas-bags. At the foot of the ellipsoidal or dome ridge,
running parallel with the said girder or cord, there is a second girder or cord,
preferably, of tubing, secured by the ends in the metal collars in the nodes at the
stem and stern of the vessel. The said second cord is the base of the gas-field
supports, a fire-proof ceiling, and is the main girder of the deck of the ship's hull.
Passing beneath the vessel's hull in an ellipsoidal curve from one of the said metal
collars to the other there is a keelson, preferably of tubing, which gives form and
strength to the vessel's keel. To the keelson, at a proper distance from the bottom
and running parallel with the second cord, is another girder or cord, preferably of
tubing, secured by the keelson to which it imparts stiffness and strength. Secured
in a substantial manner to and depending from the ellipsoidal or dome ridge at
proper intervals from the stem to the stern of the vessel there is a series of
stanchions, preferably of tubing, which passing down through the three girders or
cords, to which they are also made secure, are firmly secured to the keelson, thus
uniting and strengthening and supporting firmly in position the perpendicular
framework of the vessel.
At right angles with the dome-ridge on a plane with the second girder or cord,
both ends of each secured in the metal collars at the nodes in the stem and stern of
the vessel, there are two corresponding ellipsoidally curved gunwales, preferably of
tubing, which give breadth to the vessel. On the same plane, and running within
and parallel with the said gunwales, are two other elipsoidally curved thwarts secured
at the ends to the second girder or cord. Intersecting and secured to this girder,
the thwarts, and gunwales, and at proper intervals from stem to stern, there is a
series of cross girders which maintain the vessel's beam, sustain the ceiling of the
vessel's hull, and support from below the base of the gas bags. Secured by the
ends to and on the same plane with the third girder or cord, and running parallel
with the thwarts, is a second ellipsoidal frame. Supported from above by stays
and suspender braces, secured by the ends at proper intervals from stem to stern
to an ellipsoidal frame, and passing through the third girder or cord to which it is
also attached or made fast, are a series of cross girders which furnish the support
for the floor of the lower deck. In addition to being the nodes in which the main
frame of the vessel has footings one of the metal collars forms the journal bearings
for a revolving shaft which carries a powerful propelling screw in the stern of the
vessel, and the other metal collar forms the journal bearings for a revolving cylinder
to which is attached a rotating steering screw forward; metal collars fixed securely
to the gunwales form the journal-bearings for another revolving cylinder to which
are secured propelling, elevating, and depressing or lowering side screws.
Gas-bags filling the entire area on both sides of the stanchions between the
vessel's deck and the dome ridge are constructed of silk, linen, thin metal, or other
suitable material made air and gas tight and fire and water proof by paint or any
other proper compound in use, and divided into grand compartiments by partitions
made also air and gas tight and fire proof; and as a protection against accident, as
well as to provide against loss of gas by tearing, leakage, and so forth, each com-
partment is again subdivided into chambers of proper dimensions, each preferably
by vertical partitions of any suitable material made air and gas tight; and each

page_text: chamber is connected by stop-cocks and suitable valves through eduction and
induction tubes with gas condensers, where the gas may be stored when it is
desired to reduce the quantity in the gas-bags, or whence it may be supplied when
more gas is required. The said gas-bags are securely lashed at the top to the dome
ridge and the first girder or cord, and at the bottom to the said gunwales and
thwarts the entire length of the vessel, and may also be lashed to the second cord
and stanchions. The entire vessel is overlaid, stayed, and supported by a substan-
tial netting.
The two screws are of very large propulsive power, constructed of strong light
framework covered with any material that combines great strength with lightness,
and are placed respectively on the right and left of the aerostat or vessel. The
description of one of these screws answers for the two as well as for the steering
screw forward. The hub of the screw terminates in a shaft on which are journals
which work in boxings fixed on or in the barrels of the cylinder, shafts, shoulders,
or collars, secure the screws in position, and give them 'bearings upon which they
revolve. Secured to the shafts within the cylinders are friction, toothed, or pre-
ferably pulley wheels, through which, from a general driving cone pulley or belt
wheel, by an endless belt or a revolving shaft, is conveyed a rapid rotary motion to
the screws, in whatever position the screw may be placed, by revolving the cylinder
on its axes.
The cross girders may be extended sufficiently out beyond the sides of the vessel
to permit the construction of a gallery or a corridor around the outside of the vessel
thereon, and this corridor may be reached from doors fore and aft.
The driving shafts or endless belts operate in sleeves or tubes. These shafts have
journal bearings in the collars as well as in the shaft hangers secured to the frame-
work above. On the inner end of these shafts or tubes is firmly secured a corrugated
rack on which an endless chain-belt works, and which, through a wheel, bevelled
gearing, provided with a friction clutch and pulleys, are revolved on their axes.
These cylinders or shafts have also each a doubled flanged muff or collar straddled
by a lever used in moving them laterally for the purpose of slackening or tightening
the belting, or in starting and stopping the screws respectively attached to them.
Two idlers are fixed at the entrance to these shafts, between which the belting
passes when conveying motion from the cone pulley to the side screws and steering
screw. The revolving shaft which carries the propelling screw has journal bearings
in one of the collars and in hangers, and on a pulley receives its motion through
an endless belt from a pulley on the driving shaft, on which is also a loose pulley
to which the belt may be transferred when it is desired to stop the propelling
wheel. The engine is surrounded by fireproof casings carrying a shaft or the
working belt, which conveys the power from the engine to a pulley on the driving
shaft journalled in hangers, an endless driving belt conveying power and motion to
a perpendicular cone-pulley or drum which carries the endless belt passing through
the sleeves or tubes around the pulleys, giving motion to the side screws and
steering screw.
The deck of the vessel's hull, the ceiling of the cabin, and the partitions and
flooring may be of any light substantial material, though I prefer to underly the
floor with a substantial netting.
In the bold fore and aft of the engine room I provide fuel-bunkers, water-tanks,
and gas condensers, which latter are connected with the gas-bags above the cabin
deck by suitable induction and eduction pipes.
In sailing, operating, and bandling this vessel, provided with the necessary
ground tackle and grapplings, gas sufficient to give buoyancy to the vessel and
cargo, allowing ample space for expansion when in the higher altitudes, is inducted
into the gas-bags and equally distributed through the various chambers, with a
reserve in the gas-condensers. The side screws and steering screw are turned so as
to impact the air towards the earth and give an upward tendency to the vessel.
The machinery having been arranged as indicated the engine is started, conveying

page_text: to the screws a rapid rotating motion which carries the vessel upward and forward,
and when the vessel is in the upper air it is readily obedient to the steering screw
to guide and the propelling screw to drive it forward. Desiring to return again
to earth, by operating a wheel the side screws and steering screw are turned in a
direction to impact the air upward, thus carrying the vessel down to the earth.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said William Robert Lake in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 6th
September 1880.
WILLIAM ROBERT LAKE, of the Firm of Haseltine, Lake, & Co., Patent Agents,
Southampton Buildings, London. IMPROVEMENTS IN VESSELS AND MACHINERY
FOR AERIAL NAVIGATION." A communication from abroad by Albert Livingston
Blackman, of Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America, Gentleman..
This Invention relates to improvements in vessels and machinery for aërial
navigation, and comprises a light framework constructed of wires, rods, thin
metal tubing, and cordage, or other suitable material, substantially secured at the
intersections in any manner that will afford strength and lightness, the whole
being covered and encased with silk, linen, thin metal, or other suitable material
secured to framework, presenting preferably the form of the grayling or salmon
fish.
The upper part or "gas-field" of the vessel is made air and gas tight, the hull
or underpart is made water tight, and the whole is made fire proof by paint,
varnish, or any other suitable material or compound. The "gas-field" is divided
into compartments, subdivided by partitions into chambers of suitable form and
dimensions, and made air and gas tight, each chamber being provided with valves,
stop cocks, and suitable connecting pipes for the ingress and egress of gas. The
lower part or hull of the vessel is sub-divided into one or more decks comprising
the cabin separated into compartments, the machinery, engine, and store rooms,
the gas condensing compartments, and others that may be required, all substantially
stayed by braces, cross-braces, supports, and suspenders of metal or any light
material that will give strength without materially impairing the buoyancy of the
said vessel, which is also provided with adjustable rotating screw-wheels geared to
revolving shafts on the sides, a propelling screw aft, a revolving steering screw
forward, machinery for propelling and handling the vessel, gas condensers,
automatic valves, and a walk or gallery outside.
The said Invention also comprises improvements in the construction and
combination of machinery for propelling and controlling or managing aërial vessels,
and consisting of combined reciprocating and revolving shafts and belt sheaths,
provided with pulley wheels, idlers, gearing for an endless chain, yokeз, and levers,
a compound steering gear, and a cone-pulley connected through a driving pulley by
belting or shafting to the motor-engine.

page_text: Figure 1 is a vertical longitudinal section of the ship or vessel, shewing the
propelling wheel aft, the steering screw forward, the engine, the smoke-pipe passing
out under the driving screw, the dome-ridge, the girders or chords, the stanchions,
and the keelson, and
Figure 2 is a horizontal section of the said vessel, shewing the side screws and
the cylindrical shafts.
Figure 3 is a side elevation of the said vessel, shewing the netting, the gallery,
the cabin-lights, and the ventilating windows.
Figure 4 is a vertical section, shewing the location of the engine, the propelling
machinery, the cylindrical shafts, and the side screws.
Figure 5 is a transverse section shewing the gas-condensers, the water-tanks, and
the side screws reversed.
Figure 6 is a plan partly in horizontal section, shewing in detail the driving,
steering, and actuating machinery operated by belting.
Figure 7 is an elevation shewing the manner of securing the machinery to the
deck of the vessel's hull.
Figure 8 is a plan partly in horizontal section, shewing in detail the driving,
steering, and actuating machinery operated by cog or friction-gearing.
Figure 9 shews a portion of the revolving shaft with a flexible joint, and
Figures 10 and 11 shew portions of the revolving shaft with an universal joint.
Figure 12 shews a portion of the actuating machinery provided with friction and
cog gearing.
Like letters indicate the same parts throughout the Drawings.
The dome-ridge A constituting an ellipsoidal curve from the stem to the stern
of the vessel, and preferably formed of tubing, secured at the ends in metal
collars a, a, fixed at the nodes, is 'the main upper shaving support of the vessel.
At a proper distance from the top, running fore and aft, with the ends secured in
the ellipsoidal ridge A, is a girder or chord C, preferably of tubing, which in
addition to staying the dome ridge serves as a support and stay for the gas-bags as
hereinafter described. At the foot of the ellipsoidal ridge A running parallel with
the girder or chord C is a second girder or chord D, preferably of tubing, secured
by the ends in the metal collars a, a¹, at the nodes at the stem and stern of the
vessel. This chord D is the base of the "gas-field," supports a fire proof ceiling,
and is the main girder of the deck of the ship or vessel's hull. Passing beneath
the said hull in an ellipsoidal curve from the metal collars a to a¹ at the nodes at
the stem and stern is a keelson H, preferably of tubing, which gives form and
strength to the vessel's keel. To this keelson at a proper distance from the bottom
and running parallel with the chord D is another girder or chord E, preferably of
tubing, secured to the keelson H, to which it imparts stiffness and strength.
Secured in a substantial manner to and depending from the ellipsoidal ridge A at
proper intervals from the stem to the stern of the vessel is a series of stanchions F, F,
preferably of tubing, which passing down through the girders or chords C, D, and E,
to which they are also made secure, take foot in, and are firmly secured to the
keelson H, thus uniting and strengthening and supporting firmly in position the
perpendicular framework of the vessel.
At right angles to the dome-ridge A on a plane with the girder or chord D, and
having both of their ends secured in the metal collars a, a, at the nodes in the
stem and stern of the vessel, are two corresponding ellipsoidally curved gunwales
I, 1, (preferably of tubing) which give breadth to the vessel. On the same plane
running within and parallel with the gunwales I, I', are two other ellipsoidally
curved gunwales or thwarts J, J', secured at their ends to the girder or chord D.
Intersecting and secured to this girder Dthe-thwarts J, J', and the gunwales I, 1',
and at proper intervals from stem to stern, is a series of cross girders G, which

page_text: maintain the vessel's beam, sustain the ceiling of the vessel's hull, and support from
below the base of the gas bags. Secured by the ends to and on the same plane
with the girder or chord E, and running parallel with the thwarts J, J', is a second
ellipsoidal frame k, k¹, supported from above by stays and suspender-braces c;
secured by the ends at proper intervals from stem to stern to the ellipsoidal
frame, k, and passing through the girder or chord E, to which it is also attached
or made fast, are a series of cross girders b, which furnish the support for the floor
of the lower deck. In addition to forming the node in which the main frame of
the vessel has footing, the metal collar a' forms the journal bearing for the revolving
shaft T, which carries the powerful propelling screw P in the stern of the vessel,
and the metal collar a forms the journal bearing for the revolving cylinder O, to
which is attached the adjustable revolving steering screw 0¹ forward. The metal
collars d, d', fixed securely to the gunwales J, J¹, form the journal-bearings for the
revolving cylinders M, M', to which are secured the propelling, elevating, and
depressing or lowering side screws N, N¹.
The gas-bags B, B1, B2, B3, filling the entire area on both sides of the stanchions
F, F, between the vessel's deck and the dome-ridge A, are constructed of silk, linen,
thin metal, or other suitable material made air and gas tight, and fire and water
proof by paint or any other suitable material or compound, and divided into com-
partments, as shewn by B, B1, B2, B3, by partitions made also air and gas tight and
fire-proof; and as a protection against accident, as well as to provide against loss
of gas by tearing, leakage, and so forth, each compartment is again subdivided into
chambers e, f, each of proper dimensions, preferably by vertical partitions of any
suitable material made air and gas tight, and each chamber is connected by stop
cocks and suitable valves through eduction and induction tubes h, k, with gas-
condensers x, x¹, where the gas may be stored when it is desired to reduce the
quantity in the gas-bags, or from which it may be supplied when more gas is
required. The said gas-bags B, B1, B2, B3, are securely lashed at the top to the
dome-ridge A and the girder or chord C, and at the bottom to the gunwales I, I',
and thwarts J, J', the entire length of the vessel, and may also be lashed to the
chord D and stanchions F. The entire vessel is overlaid, stayed, and supported by
a substantial netting of the most improved construction.
The two screws N, N¹, which are of very great propulsive power, and constructed
of strong light framework covered with any material that combines great strength
with lightness, are placed respectively on the right and left of the aërostat or vessel.
The description of one of these screws answers for the two, as well as for the
steering screw forward. The bhub of each screw terminates in a shaft L, on which
are journals which work in boxes i fixed on or in the barrels of the cylinder-
shafts M, M¹, and O; shoulders or collars on the shafts L secure the screws in
position, and provide bearings upon which they revolve. Secured to the shafts L
within the cylinders are friction, toothed, or preferably pulley wheels m, through
which, from a general driving cone-pulley or belt-wheel by an endless belt R, R,
or a revolving shaft, a rapid rotary motion is conveyed to each of the screws
in whatever position the screw may be placed by revolving the cylinder on its
axes.
The cross girders G, G, may be extended outwards sufficiently beyond the sides
of the vessel to permit the construction thereon of a gallery or a corridor around
the outside of the said vessel, and this corridor may be reached from doors fore and
aft, as seen in Figure 3.
Within the hollow sleeves, tubes, or cylinder shafts M, M', and O of any required
diameter the driving shafts or endless belts R, R, operate, and to these shafts the
side screws N, N₁, and the steering screw 01 are secured. The said shafts have
journal-bearings in the collars d, d, and the node collar a, as well as in shaft-
hangers secured to the framework above. On the inner end of these shafts or tubes
is firmly secured a corrugated or toothed rack o on which an endless chain-belt p
works, and the said shafts or tubes through the wheel v, the bevel gearing w,
provided with a friction-clutch and suitable pulleys, are revolved on their axes.

page_text: These cylinders or shafts have also each a double flanged collar r straddled by a
lever q used in moving them laterally for the purpose of slackening or tightening
9
the belting, or in starting and stopping the screws. Two idlers or idle wheels 8
are fixed at the entrance to these shafts. Between these idlers the belting R passes
when conveying motion from the cone-pulley Q to the side screws N, N', and the
steering screw O'. The revolving shaft T which carries the propelling screw P has
journal-bearings in the collar a', and in the hangers at n', n', and by a pulley Z
receives its motion through an endless belt Z' from a pulley on the driving shaft,
on which is also a loose pulley to which the belt may be transferred when it is
desired to stop the propelling wheel. W is the motor-engine surrounded by fire-
proof casings carrying a shaft or the driving belt Z', which conveys the power from
the engine to the pulley 3 on the driving shaft 4 journalled in hangers n²; is an
endless driving belt conveying power and motion to the perpendicular cone-pulley
or drum Q, which carries the endless belt R passing through the sleeves, cylinders,
or tubes M, M', and O, around the pulleys m, giving motion to the side screws
N, N', and steering screw O¹.
The deck of the vessel's hull, the ceiling of the cabin, and the partitions and
flooring may be of any light substantial material, though I prefer to underlay
the floor with a substantial netting. In the hold, fore and aft of the engine-
room, I provide fuel-bunkers, the water tanks u, u, and the gas-condensers x, x¹,
which latter are connected with the gas-bags above the cabin-deck by suitable
induction and eduction pipes h, h.
In sailing, operating, and handling this vessel, provided with the necessary
ground tackle and graplings, gas sufficient to give buoyancy to the vessel and
cargo, allowing ample space for expansion when in the higher altitudes, is intro-
duced into the gas-bags and equally distributed through the various chambers,
with a reserve in the gas-condensers. The side screws and steering screw are
then turned so as to impact or force the air towards the earth, and give an upward
tendency to the vessel. The machinery having been arranged as indicated, the
engine is started, imparting to the screws a rapid rotating motion which carries
the vessel upward and forward, and when the vessel is in the upper air it is readily
obedient to the steering screw for guiding it, and to the propelling screw to drive it
forward.
When it is desired to return again to earth, by turning the wheel the side
screws and steering screw are turned in a direction to impact the air upward, thus
carrying the vessel down.
Having thus fully described the said Invention as communicated to me by my
foreign correspondent, and the manner of performing the same, I wish it understood
that I claim,―
"
First. A vessel for aërial navigation divided into a hull and a gas-field," con-
structed on one general frame work of tubing or other light material, enclosed
with silk, linen, thin metal, or other equally light substance, and made air and gas
tight, and fire and water proof by paint or other compound, the whole resembling
in form the grayling or salmon fish, and the "gas-field" being divided into
compartments, and subdivided into chambers, and the hull divided into rooms, all
arranged and constructed substantially as above described.
Second. A vessel for aërial navigation, constructed as above set forth, provided
with rotating shafts and revolving screws at its sides for propelling, raising, and
lowering the vessel, and with a rotating shaft and revolving steering screw forward,
and a rotating driving screw astern for propelling the vessel forward, substantially
as above set forth and as shewn in the accompanying Drawings.
Third. A vessel for aërial navigation having the propelling, raising, and lowering
screws on the sides, the steering screw forward, and the driving screw aft, and
provided with internal propelling power and machinery, gas-condensers, and
apartments for the accommodation of passengers and freight, all substantially as
shewn and described.
Fourth. The rotating screws having shafts provided with journals, collars; and

page_text: pulleys, and with bearings in and carried by revolving cylindrical shafts having a
lateral movement for propelling, raising and lowering, and steering vessels for aërial
navigation, substantially as shewn and described.
Fifth. The rotating screws having shafts provided with journals and collar"
bearings sustained by and operating in cylindrical revolving shafts, and carried
by endless belts for propelling, raising and lowering, and steering vessels for aërial
navigation, substantially as shewn and described.
Sixth. The combined revolving cylindrical shafts and belt sheaths which revolve
on their own axes, and have a lateral movement to loosen or tighten the machinery
belts, and are provided with the racks, the idlers, the double flanged collar r, the
lever Я for imparting lateral movement to the shafts, and journal-boxes supported
in bearings and hangers for carrying the revolving screws, for raising and lowering
and steering vessels for aërial navigation, substantially as shewn and described.
Seventh. The rotating screw secured to a shaft extending under the "gas-field"
to the central machinery, and having bearings in the node at the stern of the
vessel, and secured to the chord D, and provided with and operated by pulleys
and idlers or other suitable devices, all arranged and operating for propelling
vessels for aërial navigation, substantially as shewn and described.
Eighth. A vertical-cone pulley receiving a belt from a driving shaft, and con-
nected with a motor-engine, and carrying three endless belts, one to the right
and one to the left of the vessel, and one to the bows, for driving the screws
on the sides and the steering screw forward, substantially as shewn and described.
Ninth. The combination of the cone-pulley, the endless belt R, the idlers, the
cylindrical shafts, the pulleys m, and the bearings i for propelling, lowering and
raising, and steering vessels for aërial navigation, substantially as shewn in the
accompanying Drawings and as above described.
Tenth. The combination of the driving shaft 4, the pulley 3, and the driving belt z
with the cone pulley Q, the endless belts R, the cylindrical shafts, the idlers, the
pulleys m, and the screws N, N¹, and O¹ rotating on journals in the boxes or
bearings i, substantially as shewn and described.
Eleventh. The combination of the propelling engine, the endless belt Z¹, the
driving shaft 4, the pulley 3, and the driving belts z and Z¹ with the pulley Z on
the shaft T, and the driving screw, and with the cone pulley Q, the endless belts R
passing through the revolving cylindrical shafts M, M³, and O, the pulleys m, and
the screws N, N¹, and O' for raising, propelling, steering, and lowering vessels for
aërial navigation, substantially as shewn and described.
Twelfth. The combination of the propelling engine, the endless belt, the driving
shaft 4, the pulley 3, and the belt with the cone pulley Q, the endless belts R,
the laterally moving and revolving cylindrical shafts, the pulleys m, and the rotating
screws N, N¹, and O¹ for raising, lowering, steering, and propelling vessels for aërial
navigation, substantially as shewn and described.
Thirteenth. The combination of the propelling engine, the endless belt 2, the
pulley 3 on the driving shaft 4, the endless belt 2, the pulley wheel, the revolving
shaft T, the hangers at n¹, n¹, the journal bearing a¹, and the driving screw for
aërial navigation, substantially as shewn.
Fourteenth. The corrugated pulley on the revolving cylindrical shafts M, M',
and O¹, in combination with the endless chain belts p, the corrugated pulley o, the
friction clutch, the wheel v, the bevel-gearing w for simultaneously revolving the
cylindrical shafts M, M¹, to change the position of the screws N, N, for raising,
lowering, or propelling, and the steering screw 01 for steering vessels for aërial
navigation, substantially as above described.
Fifteenth. The corrugated pulley wheels o¹, the wheel v, and the friction clutch,
in combination with the endless chain belt p, the corrugated pulley o, the cylindrical
shafts M³, M, and O, and the screws N, N₁, and O¹ for handling vessels for aërial
navigation, substantially as described and shewn,
Sixteenth. The lever q and double flanged collar in combination with the
cylindrical shafts M, M¹, and O for imparting a lateral motion to the same, and for

page_text: throwing in and out of gear the endless belts R in starting, stopping, slackening,
and tightening the belts that impart motion to the screws N, N', and O¹, used in
raising, lowering, steering, and propelling vessels for aërial navigation, substantially
as described.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Robert Lake, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Sixth day of September, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and eighty.
W. ROBT. LAKE., (L.S.)