IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF A COMPOUND MATERIAL COMPRISING PAPER AND CLOTH FOR AND OTHER PURPOSES to be as follows
Year: 1884

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
I SAMUEL BARLOW of Stakehill House, Castleton, near Manchester in the
County of Lancaster, Bleacher Dyer and Finisher, do hereby declare the nature of
said invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF A COMPOUND
MATERIAL COMPRISING PAPER AND CLOTH FOR
AND OTHER
PURPOSES to be as follows :—
"
BOOKBINDING
In the manufacture of a compound material comprising paper and cloth united
or fastened together by adhesive substance and intended for use in bookbinding,
and for other purposes, after paste has been applied to the cloth or paper or both,
the two materials (cloth and paper) with interposed paste have been passed between
hard rollers which heretofore have been of a like or similar kind, such as a pair of
metal or wooden rollers working together, the object being to unite by pressure
the paper and cloth so as to form a compound material to be afterwards dried
preparatory to use. Rollers of the rigid inflexible and non-yielding character,
above referred to however do not perfectly unite the paper and cloth, and with the
means heretofore used it has not been practicable to produce on a commercial scale
compound material of uniform quality by combining or uniting paper and cloth as
and for the purposes mentioned.
Now I have discovered that the combining or uniting operation may be
effectually performed, and uniformity of material obtained as follows:-According
to my invention I use in the combining or uniting machine rollers of a dissimilar
kind; that is, with rigid and with elastic or resilient surfaces, as, for example, a
roller (or rollers) of any suitable hard metal or material (such as brass, copper, iron
or steel, or hard wood) and a roller (or rollers) of any suitable material relatively
elastic or resilient such as india rubber, or of metal or other material coated or
covered with india rubber or gutta percha, or cotton, or paper.
It is to be understood that each pair of rollers between which the paper and
cloth with interposed adhesive substance are to be passed is, according to my
invention, to consist of a roller with a hard or rigid operating surface and a roller
with a relatively elastic or resilient operating surface as above described and that
the material under treatment may be passed through more than one set of such
rollers to ensure the perfect combination or fastening together of the cloth and
paper.

page_text: I, SAMUEL BARLOW, of Stakehill House, Castleton, near Manchester, in the
County of Lancaster, Bleacher, Dyer, and Finisher, do hereby declare the nature
of my said invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF A COMPOUND
MATERIAL COMPRISING PAPER AND CLOTH FOR BOOK-BINDING AND
PURPOSES and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
"
OTHER
In the manufacture of a compound material comprising paper and cloth united
or fastened together by adhesive substance and intended for use in bookbinding,
and for other purposes, after paste has been applied to the cloth or paper or both,
the two materials (cloth and paper) with interposed paste have been passed between
hard rollers which heretofore have been of a like or similar kind, such as a pair
of metal or wooden rollers working together, the object being to unite by pressure
the paper and cloth so as to formn a compound material to be afterwards dried
preparatory to use.
Rollers of the rigid inflexible and non-yielding character above referred to
however, do not perfectly unite the paper and cloth, and with the means heretofore
used it has not been practicable to produce on a commercial scale compound
material of uniform quality by combining or uniting paper and cloth as and for
the purposes mentioned.
Now I have discovered that the combining or uniting operation may be effectually
performed, and uniformity of material obtained as follows:-
According to my invention I use in the combining or uniting machine rollers of
a dissimilar kind; that is with rigid and with elastic or resilient surfaces as for
example, a roller (or rollers) of any suitable hard metal or material (such as brass,
copper, iron or steel, or hard wood) and a roller (or rollers) of any suitable material
relatively elastic or resilient such as india-rubber or of metal or other material,
coated or covered with india-rubl er or gutta-percha, or cotton, or paper.
It is to be understood that each pair of rollers between which the paper and
cloth with interposed adhesive substance are to be passed, is, according to my
invention, to consist of a roller with a hard or rigid operating surface and a roller
with a relatively elastic or resilient operating surface as above described and that
the material under treatment may be passed through more than one set of rollers
to ensure the perfect combination or fastening together of the cloth and paper.
In the accompanying sheet of illustrative drawings Fig 1 is an end view of a
combining machine for carrying out my invention and Fig 2 is a front view of a
portion of the same.
The machine comprises a pair of ordinary mangle or calender sides or frames in
which are mounted two bowls or rollers A. B. One of these bowls or rollers, say
A, is formed of suitable material such for example as metal and coated or covered
with an elastic or resilient substance such as india-rubber to give the necessary

page_text: elasticity to its surface. The other bowl or roller B is formed of hard material such
as iron, brass, copper, or other metal or substance of a rigid and non-elastic character.
The sides or frames of the machine are furnished with screws and compound
levers C. C. C. C. through which latter the roller A is loaded in a well known
manner so that the necessary pressure is brought to bear upon the material passing
between the rollers A and B. D. D are tension or straining bars over and under
which the respective rolls of paper and cloth are passed and are thereby kept tight
and level, creasing being thus prevented in the combined material. E is a roll of
paper or other substance to be used in lieu of paper and F is a roll of cloth. This
roll of cloth may be of cotton, linen, woollen, silk, or other fibrous material and may
be in the ordinary grey state as manufactured or be bleached, or dyed, or padded
with pin rollers by an ordinary printing machine of a uniform colour; or the
surface of the cloth may be varied by suitable patterns printed upon a dyed,
padded, or white ground by an ordinary printing machine. The roll of cloth may
be then stiffened or filled to a suitable degree by a stiffening material such as starch
or gum applied to the cloth by an ordinary stiffening mangle or back starcher in a
well known manner, the cloth being afterwards dried by passing it over an ordinary
steam cylinder drying machine, or by any other convenient drying process. The
stiffened and dried cloth is afterwards wound upon a roller and taken to the
combining machine to be united to the roll E of paper or other material. G is a
furnishing roller arranged to revolve in a trough K which is partially filled with
adhesive substance such as starch or gum. H is a small roller working in contact
with the furnishing roller G by pressure therewith; it serves to regulate the
quantity of starch, gum, or other adhesive substance necessary to be applied to the
cloth for the purpose of attaching or combining it to the paper or other substance.
The method of combining the two materials is as follows:-
The roll E of paper or other substance is mounted on one side of the machine,
and the roll F of cloth on the other side thereof as shewn in Fig 1. When the
machine is set in motion the material forming each roll will pass over or both over
and under its respective tension or straining bars D as shewn. The cloth forming
the roll F passes over, and in contact with the furnishing roller G whereby it is
supplied with the requisite quantity of adhesive material, and meeting the paper
or other material from the roll E between the bowls or rollers A and B becomes, by
the pressure thereof due to the action of the screws and compound levers and the
weight of the roller A, firmly attached or united therewith. The combined material
as it issues from the machine is wound upon a roller I.
The combined material may be then dried by passing it over a steam cylinder
drying machine or by any other convenient drying process. It may be afterwards
calendered or calendered and embossed, or be finished in any other known method
as may be desired.
I am aware it has before been proposed to combine paper and cloth by pressure
but the means employed have not been such as to produce a satisfactory result on
a commercial scale.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is
1. The manufacture of a compound material of the kind hereinabove described
for bookbinding and other purposes by pressing between a rigid surface and an
elastic or resilient surface paper and cloth with interposed adhesive substance
substantially as hereinabove explained.
2. The use in a machine for the manufacture of a compound material comprising
paper and cloth for bookbinding and other purposes of rigid and elastic or resilient
rollers and means for causing them to compress the materials passing between them
in the manner and for the purposes described with reference to and illustrated in
the drawings.
3. The use of the elastic and rigid rollers as described, with a combination of
screw and lever pressure, by which either a "dead set" or inflexible pressure can

page_text: be put upon the combining bowls or rollers A and B by the screws, or a much
more elastic pressure can be put upon them by using the levers only or the levers
and screws combined by which cloths, papers, and other materials of a stouter fuller
and heavier substance than ordinary bookbinders' cloth can be perfectly combined
for any useful purpose.
W. LLOYD WISE,
46, Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, W.C.,
Applicant's Agent.