Improvements relating to Centrifugal Machines.
Year: 1891

page_text: Date of Application, 11th Nov., 1891
Complete Specification Left, 5th Aug., 1892-Accepted, 10th Dec., 1992
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements relating to Centrifugal Machines.
I, GEORGE FREDERICK REDFERN, of the firm of G. F. Redfern & Co., The
General Patent Office, No. 4, South Street, Finsbury, in the County of Middlesex,
Patent Agents, do hereby declare the nature of this invention (a communication
to me by William Price Abell, of L'union, Essequebo, British Guiana and
Tooley Park, Hinckley, England, (Whitworth Scholar and Engineer) to be as
follows ;-
My invention relates to continuous centrifugal machines for drying and filtering
granular, crystalline and other substances, and for separating solid from liquid sub-
stances, that is to say, to centrifugal machines into which the material is introduced
and from which it is discharged in a continuous, or partly continuous manner; and
it comprises the improvements hereinafter described.
In carrying out the invention I arrange the hopper which receives the masse-cuite
from the pug-mill and discharges it through spouts into the centrifugal drum to
revolve at a faster speed than the drum.
The periphery of the drum is advantageously made up of perforated segments
bolted or otherwise fastened to two plates, the said segments being separated, so as
not to touch one another, at the points most remote from the main drum centre.
The openings between these segments are normally closed by pins revolving or
sliding in slots in the plates. These slots incline in such a way that the centrifugal
force keeps them in contact with the fixed segments which are covered with gauze ;
the said gauze also overlapping the pins. These pins are moved along the slots to
uncover the openings by inclined planes or wedges fixed to the masse-cuite hopper.
A molasses casing revolves with the hopper and is provided with a discharge
opening. In the hopper is fixed a cone for receiving water from a fixed pipe and
from this cone extends or extend one or more perforated pipes revolving with the
hopper. On the molasses casing are receivers and encircling the hopper but not
revolving is a dry sugar casing and first and second molasses casings.
Between the segments of the drum are fitted make-up-pieces or spreaders.
The hopper and drum are revolved at different speeds by means of suitable
differential gearing.
I sometimes modify this invention by substituting doors for the pins, the centri-
fugal force retaining the doors closed until they are opened by the inclined planes.
According to another modification of my invention the openings between the
segments are closed by means of vanes weighted on one side.
The gauze that covers each segment also overlaps the doors thus making the
joints sufficiently tight to prevent the escape of granular substances, but allowing
liquids to escape.
In this modification of the invention I can dispense with the revolving molasses
casing and use inclined spouts or deflectors for throwing the discharged dry material
from the drum into the dry sugar casing where the sugar falls down inclined planes
and out at one or more spouts. This dried sugar casing is made conical and
arranged to gradually overcome the impact of the liberated sugar. To further
overcome this impact I cover or partly cover the inside of this casing with an
elastic lining, preferably india-rubber.
The opening between the segments can be alternately opened and closed by
hinging the spreader, and between the sides of this spreader and moving in a slot
is a pin the centrifugal force of which causes it to press on the apex or junction of

page_text: the two sides of the spreader and forces them into contact with the sides of the
segments. Or the opening between the segments can be closed by means of
elongated tubes balanced by springs inside the spreaders.
I sometimes connect two pins by means of a lever in such a manner that the
centrifugal force of one nearly balances the other. In this arrangement when one
pin recedes from the centre the other goes towards it thus uncovering two openings
at one time.
The whole of one side of a segment may revolve or spring into contact with the
sides of another segment and be held in contact by an eccentric pin. Or the
contact may be maintained by the centrifugal force of the pin sliding in slots.
The movable sides of the segments may also be revolved onto the fixed sides of
the adjacent segment, the centrifugal force of the moving side keeping it in contact
with the fixed side.
I sometimes encircle the drum entirely with a conical perforated dry sugar
deflector which may be either connected to the hopper or the drum. This conical
deflector can be divided into segments by ribs; and the separators can be elongated
. and spout shaped at their extremities.
In another arrangement of this invention the sleeve is lifted and depressed on the
spindle and is connected to a disc by pins. The lifting of this disc engages it with
doors or levers so as to revolve or slide them in such a way as to sever the connec-
tions between the separators as previously described.
With this sleeve is connected a valve on the pug-mill spout, this valve being
connected with a droppings catcher.
A door with an inclined projection can be arranged in such a manner that the
raising of this door throws it away from one of the separators and thus severs
connection between the two.
According to another modification the separators are each made in the form of a
conical drum, in connection with each of which are lifting doors.
This arrangement is fed with masse-cuite by an intermittent valve and spout
which is opened and closed by a reciprocating sleeve which also lifts all the doors
in such a way as to make an opening between them and the separators and thus
allow the material previously held to escape.
I overcome the friction of the sugar overlapping the door by making both doors
and separator conical, thus on their separating, the material held between them not
only does not by its centrifugal force bind, but by making the doors sufficiently
steep it can be made to open them.
In another modification a sleeve carrying the hopper is made to reciprocate on
the spindle by a double wedge or screw at the junction of the sleeve with the drum
boss.
According to another modification the hopper is combined with segmental sides,
and is reciprocated by a cross-head and crank or other suitable means.
The differential gear whereby I obtain a faster motion for the hopper than for
the drum comprises a conical wheel geared or plain, but prevented from revolving
by a lever; a boss keyed or otherwise secured to the shaft and carrying journals or
arms on each side of which revolves small wheels; and a wheel carrying and
revolving with a sleeve on the hopper.
In a modified form of differential gear, in which I use the friction derived from
a belt, a pulley is keyed onto and revolves with the main centrifugal spindle and is
connected by a belt with a second pulley on the same shaft with which is a third
pulley of a slightly different diameter from the second pulley. The third pulley
drives the hopper at a different speed from the drum. I lubricate the spindles and
journals by means of oil cups and I prevent waste of oil by the use of collectors.
I tighten the belts and regulate the slips by means of a tightening wheel. The
oil-cups and collectors do not revolve but are secured to the main frame.
According to another modification of my differential gear I tighten the main
driving-belt by means of a nut revolving a bracket slightly around a common
On this bracket is fixed a journal carrying a pulley which is carried by
centre.

page_text: spindle on which are keyed two gear-wheels, one a little larger than the other.
These wheels drive two wheels of equal size on the main spindle and sleeve.
Dated the 11th day of November 1891.
G. F. REDFERN & Co.,
4, South Street, Finsbury, London, Agents for the Applicant.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements relating to Centrifugal Machines.
I, GEORGE FREDERICK REDFERN, of the firm of G. F. Redfern & Co., The
General Patent Office, No. 4, South Street, Finsbury, in the County of London,
Patent Agents, do hereby declare the nature of this invention (a communication
to me by William Price Abell, of L'union, Essequebo, British Guiana and Tooley
Park, Hinckley, England, Whitworth Scholar and Engineer) and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement :--
My invention relates to continuous centrifugal machines for drying and filtering
granular, crystalline and other substances, and for separating solid from liquid
substances, that is to say, to centrifugal manchines into which the material is
introduced and from which it is discharged in a continuous, or partly continuous
manner; and it comprises the improvements hereinafter described.
In the accompanying drawings,
Figure 1 is a vertical section of a centrifugal machine, constructed according to
my invention, for drying sugar, the said machine being provided with a spindle of
the "Weston " type :
Figure 2 is a plan partly in section on the line 2, 2 of Figure 1 with the outer
casing removed; and,"
Figure 3 is a sectional elevation nearly at right angles to Figure 1 of the lower
part of the machine, the section being on the line 3, 3 of Figure 2.
Figure 4 is a horizontal section of part of the said machine drawn to an enlarged
scale:
Figures 5 and 6 are respectively a vertical section and a horizontal section
of a portion of the lower part of a centrifugal machine illustrating a modified
form of doors. or liberators for liberating the material from the machine when
dried:
Figures 7 and 8 are respectively an elevation partly in section and a plan
partly in section of the lower part of a centrifugal machine illustrating other
modifications:
Figures 9 to 15 are sectional plans illustrating other modified forms of
liberators:
Figures 16 and 17 are respectively a vertical section and an inverted plan partly
in section of one half of the lower part of a centrifugal machine illustrating other
modifications; and,
Figures 18 and 19 are similar views of the other half but slightly modified:
Figures 20 and 21 are views similar to Figures 7 and 8 respectively illustrating
further modifications but with the addition in Figure 20 of the spout of the pug-
mill:
Figure 22 is a view of a detail relating to Figures 20 and 21:
Figures 23 and 24 are respectively a vertical section and a plan partly in section
illustrating modifications relating to Figures 20 and 21:
Figures 25 and 26 are vertical sections illustrating other modifications of the
machine:
Figure 26 is an elevation partly in section illustrating a modification of the
machine shewn in Figure 26:
Figure 27 is a vertical section of another modification of the machine:

page_text: Figure 27ª is a sectional elevation of another modification of the machine; and
Figure 27 is a section of a part of the same drawn to an enlarged scale:
Figures 28 and 29 are respectively a vertical section and a plan illustrating a
modified form of the differential gear for driving the machine; and,
Figures 30 and 31 are similar views of another modification of the said gear:
Figures 32 and 33 are respectively an elevation and a vertical section of another
modification of the said gear.
Similar reference letters indicate similar or corresponding parts throughout the
drawings.
Referring to Figures 1 to 3, a is the hopper which receives the masse-cuite from
the pug-mill (not shewn) and discharges it through spouts a' into the centrifugal
separator or drum b and which I arrange to revolve at a faster speed than the said
drum by the means hereinafter described, the said drum being attached to the
spindle by the boss 62 while the hopper a is attached to a sleeve 6* on the said
spindle.
The periphery of the drum b is advantageously made up of perforated segments
or plates c, c, arranged in pairs and at an angle to one another and bolted or other-
wise fastened to two plates d, d', the said segments being separated so as to form
openings e at the points most remote from the drum centre, as shewn. The area of
each opening e is much less than that of each segment and the said openings are
normally closed by pins forming doors or liberators, either solid as shewn in
Figure 2 or hollow and perforated as in Figure 4, the said pins being arranged to
slide in slots in the plates d, d¹. These slots incline in the way shewn so that
the centrifugal force of the pins of keeps the latter in contact with the plates c¹ so
as to cover the openings e. The segments are covered with gauze c², the said gauze
also overlapping the pins f, as shewn clearly in Figure 4, thus making the joints
sufficiently tight to prevent the escape of granular substances, but allowing liquids
to escape. The solids are prevented from escaping at the top and bottom of the
doors by cover rings d². The pins f are moved along the slots to uncover the
openings e by double inclined planes or wedges g fixed to a molasses casing / which
is connected to and revolves with the hopper a and is provided with discharge
openings h¹ located in advance of the spouts a¹ of the hopper a in the direction of
rotation.
The inclined planes 9 are fixed in the position shewn so that, as each discharge
opening 'revolves past each opening e, the pin f covering such opening is moved
back and allows the dried sugar to pass therefrom into the outer or dry sugar
casing. To the hopper a is fixed a conical casing i for receiving water from a
fixed pipe and from this casing extends or extend into the drum ↳ one or more
perforated pipes revolving with the hopper a. On the molasses casing are
receivers and encircling the said casing but not revolving are the dry sugar
casing h² and first and second molasses casings j, j¹ respectively, the receivers being
connected with the casings j and j¹ by openings 2, so that the part of the casing h
having the higher series of openings delivers into the casing, and the part
having the lower series of holes or openings delivers into the casing. The contents
of the casings j, j' are discharged through spouts ³, respectively.
Between the segments c, c' of the drum bare fitted make-up-pieces or spreaders b*
which serve to spread the masse-cuite over the surfaces of the segments c, c¹.
The hopper a and the drum bare revolved by means of differential gearing com-
prising a conical friction wheel k which is prevented from revolving by a fixed
bar k and a boss keyed or otherwise secured to the spindle and carrying arms/
having on each side open journals in which revolve small friction wheels bearing
against the wheel k and against a friction wheel m fixed to and revolving with the
sleeve 6 attached to the hopper a. The wheels and m are of slightly different
diameters. n is the driving pulley keyed to the spindle b¹.
By this arrangement of gear the spindle , when revolved by the pulley n, will
carry round the wheels which will be caused by centrifugal force to bear against
the fixed wheel k and the wheel m, whereby the said wheels will be rotated the

page_text: veing so propor
that the wheel m and hopper a are driven at a
faster speed than that of the spindle 6' and drum b.
o is a nut working on a screw-thread on the spindle b', which nut can be rotated
to raise or lower the wheel k so as to present a surface of greater or less diameter
to the wheels 12 in order to vary the speed of the wheel m relatively with the
spindle b¹. Instead of employing friction wheels as described, gear-wheels can be
employed; but in this case the speed of the wheel m relatively with that of the
spindle could not be varied.
The operation of the machine is as follows:-
The spindle is set in motion in the direction of the arrows and the masse-cuite
is fed continuously from the pug-mill into the hopper a, from whence it passes by
centrifugal force through the spouts a' into the drum b and into the spaces c
between the segments c, e and spreaders &, the openings e of which spaces are
covered by their pins f.
When the whole of the spaces e³ are supplied with masse-cuite, these spaces
which were first supplied, and which are on opposite sides of the drum 6 and the
material in which has been subjected to sufficient centrifugal action, are then
emptied of their contents by reason of the inclined planes 9 impinging against and
pushing the covering pins connected with the said spaces along their slots f¹, so
that their openings e are uncovered and the centrifugal force of the wire-gauze c²
covering the sides c and overlapping the said pins causes it to follow the pins and
thus move out of contact with the gauze covering the sides c' and thereby allows
the dried material to pass through the said openings e and through the openings h¹
into the outer casing h. The inclined planes y then move out of contact with the
pins just described, thereby allowing the latter to close their openings e by
centrifugal action. The said inclined planes then impinge against the pins of the
next spaces so as to discharge their contents, and so on with the remaining spaces,
all in the order in which they were supplied with the masse-cuite, each space after
it is emptied being refilled from one of the spouts a¹.
Instead of the pins f, described with reference to Figures 1 to 4, I sometimes
employ doors, Figures 5 and 6, having weighted extensions 2, the centrifugal force
of which extensions retains the said doors closed until they are opened by the
inclined planes acting upon the extensions. The inclined planes in this arrange-
ment take the form of ribs fixed in the openings h' and are arranged as shewn, so
that the doors fare opened directly and allowed to close gradually.
In the arrangement shewn respectively in section and elevation at Figures 6^
and 6 each separator is formed of a pyramidal form and having its opening e at
the apex, the said opening being closed by a dished overlapping door f pivotted to
the separator and having a weighted extension f2 similar to and operating in the
same manner as the arrangement shewn in Figures 5 and 6.
As shewn in Figures 7 and 8, I sometimes close the openings e by means of vanes
or doors weighted on one side as at f², somewhat similar to the arrangement
shewn in Figures 5 and 6, so that the centrifugal force of the said parts f³ will
keep the doors closed. The doors are provided with cranked extensions which
serve, by striking against the inclined planes 9, to rotate and thus open the said
doors.
In this modification of the invention I sometimes dispense with the revolving
molasses casing hereinbefore described and use inclined spouts or deflectors has
shewn for throwing the discharged dry material from the drum b into the dry sugar
casing h², where the sugar falls down inclined planes and out at one or more
spouts. This dried sugar casing is made conical at the upper part so as to
gradually overcome the impact of the liberated sugar. To further overcome this
impact I cover or partly cover the inside of this casing with an elastic lining,
preferably india-rubber, as indicated at .
As shewn in Figure 9 the opening e between the segments c, can be alternately
opened and closed by hinging the sides of the spreader, and between the said
sides and designed to move in a slot is a pin f, the centrifugal force of which causes

page_text: It to press on the apex or junction of the two sides of the spreader and force them
into contact with the said segments. Or, as shewn in Figure 10, the openings e
can be closed by means of elongated or flattened tubes f partly balanced by
springs inside the spreaders b*.
As shewn in Figure 11 I sometimes connect two adjacent pins or doors f by
means of a lever f³ in such a manner that the centrifugal force of one door nearly
balances that of the other door. In this arrangement by operating upon one of the
doors by an inclined plane, similar to that described with reference to Figures 1
to 4, one door will be caused to recede from the centre of the machine and the
other caused to go towards it, thus uncovering two openings e at one time.
As shewn in Figure 12 the sides or segments c may revolve or spring into contact
with other sides or segments c¹ so as to close the openings e and be held in contact
by an eccentric or crank f, provided with a cranked extension f³ similar to and
operated in a similar manner to the doors in Figures 7 and 8. Or, as shewn in
Figure 13, the contact may be maintained by the centrifugal force of the pins f
sliding in slots f', as in Figures 1 to 4, and broken by inclined planes operating on
the said pins so as to allow the centrifugal force of the sides c to move them.
In Figure 14 the openings e are covered and uncovered by a similar arrangement
to that shewn in Figures 1 to 4, the segments, however, are placed closer together
so as to dispense with the spreaders. As shewn in Figure 15 the sides or
segments are hinged and kept in contact with the sides or segments c by cen-
trifugal force and moved out of contact by an eccentric pin or arm f having a
cranked extension f³ similar to and operated in a similar manner to the doors fin
Figures 7 and 8.
I sometimes, as shewn in Figures 16 and 17, form the segments c¹ elongated and
spout-shaped at their extremities and use them either alone or in conjunction with a
conical perforated dry sugar deflector p encircling the drum b, as shewn, so as to
deflect the dry sugar into the casing h². The deflector p may be attached to the
drum b, as shewn, or to the hopper a. The elongated and spout-shaped part of the
segments c¹ may, however, be dispensed with, as shewn in Figures 18 and 19,
the deflector being divided into segments by ribs pl to prevent the dried sugar
spreading to the part of the same through which the molasses or liquor is
passing.
In Figures 16 to 19 the doors or liberators are hinged similarly to those shewn
in Figures 7 and 8, but arranged so that their centrifugal force causes them to
bear against the segments c¹ to cover the openings e, the said openings being
uncovered by inclined planes g impinging against cranked extensions f³ on the
doors also similar to the arrangement shewn in Figures 7 and 8.
In another arrangement of this invention, as shewn in Figures 20 to 22, the
sleeve is lifted and depressed on the spindle by a lever operated in any
suitable manner, and is connected to a disc r by pins . The lifting of this disc
engages it with doors or liberators so as to revolve or slide them in such a way as
to uncover the openings e between the segments.
As shewn in the said figures the doors are provided with inclined projections f³
arranged in such a manner that the raising of the doors throws them away from the
segments c' and thus uncovers the openings e as indicated by the dotted lines in
Figure 22.
In this arrangement I dispense with the hopper a and connect the sleeve 63 with
a valves on the pug-mill spout s' by means of a bell-crank lever s³, the valve also
serving to actuate a droppings catcher engaging therewith and pivotted to the
spout s¹.
The operation of this arrangement is as follows:-
:-
A quantity of the masse-cuite is first supplied into the apparatus from the pug-
mill through the valve s which is then closed, the sleeve rising and shutting off
the said supply, at the same time the catcher 3 is moved forward below the valve s
and intercepts any droppings from the said valve. The sleeve & continuing to rise
lifts the disc r and thereby causes the doors f to uncover the openings e and release

page_text: the dried or cured material. The sleeve 6 is then moved down and allows the
doors to cover the openings e and opens the valve s to admit another supply of
masse-cuite to the apparatus, the operation described above being repeated
and so on.
Instead of the doors f just described, I sometimes, as shewn in Figures 23 and 24,
employ doors similar to those described with reference to Figures 7 and 8, the
extensions f³ being arranged at such an angle that the edge r² of the disc (which
edge is turned up at an angle) when raised and then lowered will cause the said
doors to uncover and allow their centrifugal force to cause them to cover the
openings e.
In the modification shewn in Figure 25, the separators are each in the form of a
conical drum c, c', the upper parts c of each of which are connected together by
pins t, as shewn and to the sleeve 63 by a disc t' so that they can be lifted as shewn
by the dotted lines, so as to form the openings e through which the dried material
escapes and which is deflected into the casing 2 by the deflector p.
The separators are fed with masse-cuite by a valve and spout similar to those
described with reference to Figures 20 to 24, and also connected to the sleeve b³.
By making the separators conical as described, the power required to lift the
parts c and overcome the friction of the sugar pressing against them is reduced to
a minimum. The material held between them and the parts e¹ not only does not by
its centrifugal force bind, but if the parts c were formed sufficiently steep it would
tend to open them.
In the modification shewn in Figure 26, I provide two separators similar to
those described with reference to Figure 25 and a hopper a having openings a' at
its lower part, which separators and hopper are attached to the sleeve 63. The
sleeve has a wedge or screw-surface t2 resting against a similar surface ³ on the
boss so that, when the said sleeve is revolved, it will be caused to rise and fall
and feed the separators alternately. The parts e of the separators are also arranged
to lift alternately and allow the dried material to escape, the feeding of one
separator taking place while the other one is discharging. To allow the discharging
of the material to take place, I provide the sleeve 63 with a disc r similar to that
shewn in Figures 20 and 21, which disc serves, when the sleeve ³ rises, to lift the
part c of the lower separator while the part c of the upper separator is lifted through
the medium of levers ³ actuated by a flange on the hopper a when the sleeve
falls. In this arrangement I provide a double ended dry sugar deflector p as shewn.
In Figure 264 which is a modification of Figure 26, I keep the parts c, of the
separators in contact with the fixed cones c' by means of centrifugal balance
weights c, the said balance weights being pivotted and provided with arms c³ which
bear against the parts c. In this machine, the dry sugar is discharged by means of
the double perforated cones p, into the dry sugar casing h², and the liquids are
prevented from going into this dry sugar casing, by the conical non-perforated
deflector c.
In the modification shewn in Figure 27 the hopper a and deflectors p are similar
to those described with reference to Figure 26, but the separators and doors are
similar to those described with reference to Figures 23 and 24, the doors being
operated alternately by the disc r and flange formed with the angular edges
The sleeve 63 in this arrangement is provided with a cross-head q' by which it can
be reciprocated from a crank or other suitable means.
In Figure 27 another modification is shewn, in which are arranged two perforated
conical separators similar to those shewn in Figure 26 but fixed and with an
opening fat the centre of the periphery of each. These openings are closed by
taper flanged pieces, or cones f, by means of springs, the said pieces of being
alternately withdrawn from their respective openings f³ by the edges
reciprocating molasses catcher / which is connected to the hopper a.
of the
The molasses are collected from the top and bottom by being first caught in
chambers h, hand from thence led by hollow stay rods or pipes h to the catchers h
from which it is discharged through openings 7. The reciprocation of the molasses

page_text: catcher uncovers one of the openings f, and 'at the same time closes and prevents
the escape of liquids from the other opening into the dry sugar casing h². The
hopper a, molasses casing h³, and cone doors f, all receive their reciprocating
movements from a lever operated by a crank-pin z' rotated by cone pulleys **
through the medium of a worm z³ and worm-wheel *.
In connection with this arrangement I have shewn dry sugar scrapers h which
rotate at the bottom of the casing 2 and receive motion through the mitre
gear to driven from the cone pulleys through the medium of pulleys ".
In the modification of the differential gear shewn in Figures 28 and 29,
pulleys u and u¹ of the same size are respectively keyed or connected to the main
centrifugal spindle 61 and the sleeve 3. The pulley u' is connected by a belt u²
with a pulley u on the shaft ut of which is another pulley u of a slightly larger
diameter than the pulley u³ and connected with the pulley u' by a belt u. By this
arrangement the hopper a is driven at a faster speed than the drum b. The spindles
and journals are lubricated by means of oil-cups and I prevent waste of the
lubricating oil by the use of collectors »'. The belts u² and u are tightened and
the slips of the same are regulated by means of a tightening wheel or nut
operating a screw connected to the sliding bearing of the shaft u'. The
oil-cups and collectors v¹ do not revolve but are secured to the bearings of the
spindle b' and shaft ut.
In the modification of the differential gear shewn in Figures 30 and 31, I arrange
the pulley n on a shaft w carried by a lever or bracket w' fulcrummed at one end,
while the other end can be moved by a bolt and uut v³ to tighten the main
driving belt on the said pulley. On the shaft w are keyed two gear-wheels a, x,
the wheel being a little larger than the wheel a. These wheels gear with and
drive two gear-wheels a², 3 of equal size attached to the main spindle b¹ and
sleeve 63 respectively.
The differential gear shewn in Figures 32 and 33 which works on the principle
of what is known as the "verge" escapement comprises a double-crown wheel or
verge y sliding on the spindle and also upon the sleeve which is provided with
studs y diametrically opposite each other, the verge being reciprocated by the
loose collar connected to a crank or other reciprocating mechanism. The verge y
rotates with the spindle by means of the feather-key y³ and comprises two series
of teeth of the shape shewn arranged so that the points of one series are between
the points of the other series.
When the verge y receives no to and fro movement; it rotates with the spindle /
and sleeve at the same rate; but on reciprocating it the pins or studs y' are
pushed along two of the inclined teeth of one of the series thus causing the
verge to rotate the sleeve ³, the space of a tooth. On reciprocating the verge y
in the opposite direction the pins y engage with two of the other series of teeth,
and are forced along its inclined edges, ready to engage in the first mentioned
series of teeth on the opposite reciprocation of the verge, the studs 6 carrying the
sleeve round a distance equal to a tooth. By regulating the number of strokes of
the verge y 1 obtain complete control over the relative speeds of the spindle 6' and
sleeve b³.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. In a continuous centrifugal machine a masse-cuite hopper revolving at a
faster speed than the centrifugal drum or separator, substantially as described.
2. In a continuous centrifugal machine, a centrifugal drum or separator, the
periphery or side of which is made up of a series of perforated segments or plates,
arranged in pairs and at an angle to one another, the spaces or openings between
the segments of each pair being covered and uncovered alternately by a door or
liberator, substantially as, and for the purpose, described.
3. In a centrifugal drum or separator constructed as described in the preceding

page_text: claiming clause, the combination with the segments of spreaders or doors, substan-
tially as, and for the purpose, described.
4. The combination with a drum or separator, constructed as described in the
second claiming clause, of double inclined planes revolving with the masse-cuite
hopper, substantially as, and for the purposes, described.
5. In a continuous centrifugal machine, a drum, the side or periphery of which is
made up of a series of small doors or liberators and comparatively large perforated
segments or plates, the said doors being opened by double inclined planes revolving
at a faster speed than the drum, substantially as described.
6. In a centrifugal drum or separator constructed as described in the second
claiming clause, opening the doors by mechanism revolving at a faster speed than
the said drum, substantially as described.
7. In a centrifugal drum or separator constructed as described in the second
claiming clause, overlapping the doors or liberators by one and the same piece of
perforated gauze that covers each segment, substantially as described.
8. In a centrifugal drum or separator constructed as described in the second
claiming clause, rings or plates for covering the joints at the top and bottom of
the doors, substantially as described.
9. In a continuous centrifugal machine of the kind described in the preceding
claiming clauses, a casing having a spout or spouts for discharging the dried material,
the spout or spouts revolving with the masse-cuite hopper but in advance of the
spouts of the same and at a quicker speed than the centrifugal separator drum,
substantially as described.
10. In a centrifugal drum or separator constructed as described in the second
claiming clause forming the doors or liberators of perforated tubes or solid pins,
substantially as herein before described and illustrated in Figures 1 to 4 of the
accompanying drawings.
11. In a continuous centrifugal machine the combination of a centrifugal
separator or drum, having fixed perforated segments or plates and doors or liberators,
and a hopper having inlet-spouts for the masse-cuite and a casing having a discharge
spout or spouts for the dried sugar; the hopper and drum revolving on a
cominon centre but the hopper revolving at a faster speed than the drum,
substantially as described.
12. In a continuous centrifugal machine the modified construction of doors or
liberators, substantially as hereinbefore described and illustrated in Figures 5 and 6
of the accompanying drawings.
13. In a centrifugal drum or separator constructed as described in the second
claiming clause, the inclined planes moving at a different speed to the drum for
opening the liberators or doors directly and compelling them to close gradually,
substantially as described with reference to Figures 5 and 6 of the accompanying
drawings.
14. The modified construction of continuous centrifugal machine, substantially as
herein before described and illustrated in Figures 7 and 8.
15. In a continuous centrifugal machine of the kind described in the preceding
claiming clauses, the several modified arrangements of doors for covering and
uncovering the openings e, substantially as hereinbefore described and illustrated in
Figures 6, 6 and Figures 9 to 15 of the accompanying drawings.
16. In a centrifugal drum or separator constructed as described in the second
claiming clause, liberators or doors arranged so that their centrifugal force brings
them in contact with the adjacent segments, thus closing the openings between the
segments until moved and revolved away from the said openings by means of
inclined planes, substantially as herein before described and illustrated in Figures 16
to 19 of the accompanying drawings.
17. In a continuous centrifugal machine of the kind hereinbefore described, fixed
separators or segments, each of which is provided with a discharging spout, sub-
stantially as hereinbefore described with reference to Figures 16 and 17 of the
accompanying drawings.

page_text: 18. In a continuous centrifugal machine of the kind hereinbefore described, a
conical perforated deflector with or without radiating arms for receiving the dried
material from the separator or drum and discharging it into the fixed dried sugar
casing, substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to Figures 16 to 19
of the accompanying drawings.
19. In a continuous centrifugal machine, the combination of a centrifugal
separator or drum having the sides made of fixed segments and movable doors and
mechanism for alternately opening these doors and the pug-mill spout, substantially
as herein before described with reference to Figures 20 to 22 of the accompanying
drawings.
20. In a continuous centrifugal machine having a separator or drum of the kind
described in the second claiming clause, the modified constructions of doors or
liberators in combination with means for operating them, substantially as herein-
before described with reference to Figures 20 and 22 and Figures 23 and 24 of the
accompanying drawings.
21. A centrifugal machine the periphery of the centrifugal separator or drum of
which consists of fixed and movable perforated cones arranged and operating sub-
stantially in the manner hereinbefore described with reference to Figure 25 of the
accompanying drawings.
22. A centrifugal machine the periphery of the centrifugal separator or drum of
which consists of perforated fixed cones and perforated movable cones kept close
and closing by their own weight, the movable cones being actuated by a traversing
hopper which alternately fills one cone with masse-cuite and discharges the other
of its dried material, substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to
Figure 26 of the accompanying drawings.
23. In a machine of the kind described in the preceding claiming clause,
centrifugal balance weights for keeping the movable cones in contact with the
fixed cones, substantially as described with reference to Figure 26ª of the accom-
panying drawings.
24. A continuous centrifugal machine the centrifugal separator or drum of which
is fed by a hopper which alternately opens and closes the doors or liberators in
adjacent separators, substantially as described with reference to Figure 27 of the
accompanying drawings.
25. A continuous centrifugal machine the separator or drum of which consists
of perforated fixed cones with openings between them, which openings are alternately
opened and closed by spring-cone doors, substantially in the manner hereinbefore
described and illustrated in Figures 27 and 27B of the accompanying drawings.
26. In a continuous centrifugal machine of the kind described in the preceding
claiming clause, the combination with cone doors of a reciprocating inolasses
catcher operating substantially as, and for the purpose, described.
27. In a continuous centrifugal machine of the kind described in Claim 24,
reciprocating mechanism for alternately filling each conical separator with masse-
cuite and discharging the other of its dried material substantially as described with
reference to Figure 27 of the accompanying drawings.
28. In a continuous centrifugal machine the modified arrangements of differential
gear, substantially as herein before described with reference to Figures 28 and 29
and Figures 30 and 31 respectively of the accompanying drawings.
29. In a continuous centrifugal machine of the kind herein described mechanism
for driving the hopper comprising a double crown wheel or verge y connected to
the spindle by means of a feather-key and studs y¹ connected to the sleeve b³, the
said verge and studs being arranged and operating substantially as described with
reference to Figures 32 and 33 of the accompanying drawings.
Dated his bond day of Luno 1902
G. F. REDFERN & Co.,
4, South Street, Finsbury, London, Agents for the Applicant.