AN IMPROVED PREPARATION OR MATERIAL FOR FIXING PAINT OR PIGMENT COLORS ON
Year: 1848

page_text: TO ALL AND SUNDRY TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME,
I, ROBERT THOMSON PATTISON, of the City of Glasgow, in Scotland, Printer,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Charter
of Donation or Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Her Majesty's United
Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, dated at Westminster, the Second day
of November, Eighteen hundred and forty-eight, did, for Herself, Her heirs
and successors, give and grant unto me, the said Robert Thomson Pattison,.
my exors, and adññors, and assignees, Her especial licence, that I, the said
Robert Thomson Pattison, my exors, adññiors, and assigns, or such others as
I, the said Robert Thomson Pattison, or they should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times during the term of
years therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within that part of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland
called England, Her Dominion of Wales, and Town of Berwick-upon-
Tweed, and in Her Islands of Jersey, Guernsey, Alderney, Sark, and Man,.
and also in all Her Colonies and Plantations abroad, my Invention of "AN
IMPROVED PREPARATION OR MATERIAL FOR FIXING PAINT OR PIGMENT COLORS ON

page_text: COTTON, LINEN, WOOLEN, SILK, AND OTHER WOVEN FABRICS;" in which said Letters
Patent is contained a. proviso obliging me, the said Robert Thomson Pattison,
by an instrument in writing under my hand and seal, particularly to describe
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, and cause the same to be enrolled in Her Majesty's High Court of
Chancery within six calendar months next and immediately after the date
of the said Letters Patent, as in and by the same, reference being thereunto
had, will more fully and at large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
Robert Thomson Pattison, do hereby declare that the nature of the said In-
vention, and the manner in which the same is to be performed, is described
and ascertained in the following explanation and Specification thereof, that
is to say:
(First.) The nature of my Invention may be described as being the discovery
of an improved preparation or material for fixing paint or pigment colors upon
woven fabrics, and which can be easily, effectually, and beneficially applied
to that purpose.
(Secondly.) My improved preparation or material for fixing paint or
pigment colors on woven fabrics is made or extracted from milk, and the
process by or manner in which it is produced varies slightly according to
the state in which the milk is when operated on or used for the purpose.
For example, it can be made from what is generally termed buttermilk,
and that in the following manner, viz. :-The buttermilk being obtained from
farmers or others, as soon after churning as possible, is put into a boiler, and by
the application of fire, brought to a heat of one hundred and sixty degrees
Farenheit. This heat causes the curd to precipitate from the whey of the
milk. The whole contents of the boiler are then strained through a cloth of
suitable texture, by which means the curd is separated. When so separated,
the curd is subjected to pressure in the usual way by being placed in a cheese
press for a night, by which means any whey which remained after straining is
discharged. The curd being now in lumps, is broken down and granulated by
being rubbed through a wire sieve; after this it is placed or spread out in
cloth frames, that is in frames, the bottoms of which consist of cloth, altho
the sides may be formed of wood or other materials, which frames are then
arranged upon shelves fitted up in an apartment in connection with a stove, in
such a way that the bottom of the frames in which the curd is placed will be
exposed to the action of the heat from the stove, and the curd be gradually
aried. When perfectly dry, the curd next falls to be ground either by means

page_text: of a common flour mill, or by crushing stones similar to those used for grinding
madder or otherwise. When so ground, the curd is reduced to a fine powder
resembling flour, and is then in a state fit for being used as a preparation or
material for fixing paint or pigment colors.
While I prefer buttermilk, my improved preparation or material can also
be made either from sweet milk, that is, milk in the state in which it comes
from the cow, or from what is generally termed skimmed milk, that is, milk
from which the cream has been abstracted in whole or in part. In either case
what is necessary after heating the milk, whether sweet or skimmed, to about
one hundred and sixty degrees Farenheit in the manner above described, is
to add to the contents of the boiler a quantity of acid sufficient to precipitate
the curd. Most acids will answer the purpose, but I would recommend the
use of oxalic acid. When the curd has been precipitated by the application
of an acid it falls to be separated, and put through the same processes as
in the case of curd from buttermilk till reduced to a powder, as above
described.
Having thus described generally the nature and mode of producing my
improved preparation or material for fixing paint or pigment colors on woven
fabrics, and to which I give the name of "lactarine," I will now proceed to
describe the method of using or applying the same to that purpose. In doing
so I must confine myself to an example by way of illustration, because the
particular or relative quantities of the lactarine and of the paint or pigment
colors respectively requiring to be used must necessarily vary, according to
the particular result desired to be attained as regards the color or shade or
combination of colors or shades, I will select for example, therefore, the
method I have generally used for fixing a medium shade of pigment, ultra-
marine blue, and from that example printers will have no difficulty in fixing
or varying the proportions according to the colors or shades to be produced.
Thus, into a vessel pour two gallons of water, and therewith mix well up
eight pounds weight of my improved preparation or material called lactarine;
then add four gills of ammonia fort, which will have the effect of dissolving
the lacterine and converting the whole mixture into a thick gum or gummy
substance; into another vessel put one gallon of water, and therewith mix
and stir well up twelve pounds weight of ultramarine blue; this done, mix
thoroughly the contents of both vessels; then strain the combined mixture
through a fine cloth, and the preparation is ready for printing. The operations
of printing, straining, and finishing are then successively performed in the
imanner usually employed by calico printers.

page_text: Having thus described the nature of my Invention, and explained or
illustrated the manner in which it is capable of being applied for the purpose
of fixing paint or pigment colors on cotton, linen, woolen, silk, and other
woven fabrics, I have to state that I do not claim as forming part of my
Invention any of the apparatus or machinery by means of which the pre-
paration or material I call lactarine is extracted or produced from milk,
according to the process above described, or by which the same is afterwards
mixed or combined with the particular paints or pigments to be used in
printing; but what I do claim as my Invention or discovery, is the making
or extracting from milk the particular preparation or material above described,
and which I have called lactarine, possessing the peculiar power or inherent
quality of fixing paint or pigment colors to woven fabrics, and capable of
being easily, effectively, and beneficially applied for that purpose; and. I
explain that while I have briefly stated the manner in which the said material
called lactarine may be produced either from buttermilk, sweet milk, or
skimmed milk, and the manner in which the same may be effectively and
advantageously applied for the purpose of fixing paint or pigment colors on
such woven fabrics, I do not confine myself to these particular modes; the
same or substantially the same preparation or material might be obtained or
extracted from milk by other means or processes than those above described,
or by adopting variations or different combinations; and the preparation or
material when produced is capable of being mixed or combined with paint
or pigment colors in an almost endless variety of proportions, as well as
applied for different purposes. I therefore regard as embraced by or falling
within the limits of my said Invention or discovery any preparation or material
made or extracted from milk of any kind, and possessing that peculiar power
.or inherent quality by which paint or pigment colors when combined there-
with and used in combination can be fixed to woven fabrics, in whatever
manner the same may be made or applied; neither do I confine myself to
any particular mode of first precipitating, thereafter separating the curd
from the whey, or of pressing, granulating, drying, or grinding the curd,
as these several operations (which are not in themselves claimed by me as
part of my Invention) may be performed in a variety of ways according to
circumstances.
The value or importance of the Invention or discovery to which I thus lay
claim mainly consists (first) in the facility with which my lactarine can be
applied to the purpose before stated; and (second) the comparatively small
cost at which it can be produced as compared with any other preparation or

page_text: erial capable of giving fixity to paint or pigment colors on woven fabrics
equal extent or with equal efficiency.
In witness whereof, these Presents, written by John Murray, Apprentice
to Hugh Moncrieff and Adam Paterson, Solicitors, in Glasgow, are
signed and sealed by me, the said Robert Thomson Pattison, (under
the following declarations, viz., that the word "woven " is interlined
between the fourth and fifth lines, counting from the top, by the said
John Murray; that the word "which," being the third word of the
seventh line; and the word "formed," being the fifth word on the
twelfth line, counting from the top, are both written on erasures, &
that two words on said twelfth line are delete,) at Glasgow, the
Thirteenth day of March, Eighteen hundred and forty-nine, before
these witnesses, James Allan, Clerk to Moncrieff, Paterson, & Forbes,
Solicitors, in Glasgow, and the said John Murray.
igned and sealed by the above-named
Robert Thomson Pattison, before
and in presence of,
ROBERT T. PATTISON. (L.S.)
JAMES ALLAN, of Glasgow,
Clerk at Law.
INO MURRAY of Glasronz