IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR ROLLING AND HAMMERING IRON AND OTHER METALS."
Year: 1865

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Ramsbottom, of Crewe, in the County of
Chester. Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY
FOR ROLLING AND HAMMERING IRON AND OTHER METALS."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Ramsbottom at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 10th
February 1865.
IN
I, JOHN RAMSBOTTOM, of Crewe, in the County of Chester, Engineer, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
MACHINERY FOR ROLLING AND HAMMERING IRON AND OTHER METALS," to be as
follows:-
My Invention of improvements in machinery for rolling metals consists in
the substitution of a friction disc fixed to the connecting "spindle," which disc
is placed between two friction rings connected together by tightening bolts,
and to the roll to be driven, or to the driving shaft, or any other suitable
friction apparatus, in lieu of the "breaking spindle" usually employed for
connecting the driving power to the rolling mills to avoid the breakage of the
gearing or rolls. The object of the friction apparatus is to prevent the injury
generally caused by the breaking of the "spindle," or instead of a friction
apparatus connect two rims or discs by means of bolts, the strength of the
[Price 8d.]

page_text: bolts being such that they will be sheared off when the resistance of the rolls
exceeds their strength.
My improvements in machinery for hammering is applicable to duplex
steam hammers. When the hammer blocks of duplex steam hammers are
supported on wheels, as described in the Specification of Letters Patent,
granted to me on the 13th April 1863, No. 924, every stroke of the hammer
imparts a partial rotary motion to the supporting wheels; and this motion
owing to the inertia of the wheels is continued for a short time after the blow
has been given, thus causing greater wear of those parts of the rails which
support the wheels when the blow is struck.
Now my present Invention consists in supporting the hammer blocks on
sectors oscillating on axles fixed to the hammer blocks; these sectors are kept
in their position on the supporting rails or surfaces by notches and studs, or
by racks and toothed segments, and the momentum which in wheels produces
the injurious rotary motion above referred to may be mainly counteracted by
making the quantities of metal in the sectors above and below the axle in
the inverse proportion to the quantities of motion of those parts respectively.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said John Ramsbottom in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
9th August 1865.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOHN
RAMSBOTTOM, of Crewe, in the County of Chester, Engineer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Tenth day of February, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-five, in the twenty-eighth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said John Ramsbottom, Her special license that 1, the said John Ramsbottom,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as 1, the said John
Ramsbottom, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time
agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland,
the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY FOR ROLLING AND HAMMERING IRON AND OTHER METALS," upon the
condition (amongst others) that I, the said John Ramsbottom, my executors

page_text: or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of
their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature
of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed,
and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said John. Ramsbottom, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the fol-
lowing statement (that is to say):--
The nature of my Invention of improvements in machinery for rolling iron
and other metals consists in substituting a friction or shearing apparatus in
lieu of the "breaking spindle" usually employed for connecting the driving
power to rolling mills, and the nature of my improvements in machinery for
hammering iron and other metals consists in supporting the hammer- blocks of
duplex steam hammers on sectors instead of wheels, as described in the Speci-
fication of Letters Patent granted to me on the Thirteenth of April, One
thousand eight hundred and sixty-three, Number 924.
And in order that my Invention may be fully understood and readily carried
into operation, I will proceed to describe the accompanying Sheet of Drawings,
reference being had to the figures and letters marked thereon.
Figures 1 and 2 are a section and elevation of a friction apparatus consisting
of the plate or ring a keyed to the end of the engine shaft b; between this
plate and the ring c is the disc d, the boss of which is provided with internal
catches taking into corresponding recesses in the end of the pinion shaft e;
this shaft e forms the communication between the driving shaft and the mill
train. The plate a and ring c have flanges on their circumferences fitting on
the disc d, and between the disc and the plate and ring are segments of wood
or other suitable material for giving the requisite friction to the disc when the
plate and ring are tightened together by the bolts, f. The object of the
friction apparatus above described is to provide against accidents when the
strain on the rolls becomes greater than the driving shaft should bear, and to
prevent the fracture of the "breaking spindle," and the injury to the machinery,
which generally results from such fracture.
Figures 3 and 4 are two views of another apparatus, which I also propose
to apply in lieu of the "breaking spindle." bis the end of the driving shaft,
to which is keyed the disc a; d is another similar disc, connected by internal
catches and recesses to the shaft e, which is in communication with the rolls.
دارد

page_text: The discs a and d are bolted together by the bolts f, the number and strength
of which must be calculated according to the strength or power required to
drive the rolls, the strength of the bolts being such that they will be sheared
off by the discs when the resistance of the rolls exceeds their strength. In
order to cause the bolts to be sheared off without burring the iron of the
discs a and d I recess the said discs at each bolt hole, and fill the recesses
with hardened steel ferrules, as shewn at a' and d¹; these ferrules cut the bolis
clean off, whereas if such or a similar provision were not made the iron of the
discs would soon become blunt at the edges of the bolt holes, and would not
shear the bolts clean off, thus altering the condition of the cutting surfaces.
When the hammer blocks of duplex steam hammers are supported on
wheels, as described in the Specification of the Letters Patent above referred
to, every stroke of the hammer imparts a partial rotary motion to the wheels;
and this motion, owing to the inertia and momentum of the wheels, is con-
tinued for a short time after the blow has been given, thus causing greater
wear of those parts of the rails which support the wheels when the blow
is struck.
Now my present Invention, which is illustrated in Figures 5 and 6, consists
in supporting the hammer blocks on sectors instead of wheels. h is one of the
hammer blocks, in which the axles i, i, are fixed; the trunnions at the ends of
these axles are supported on the sectors or rockers j; the two rockers for one end
of the hammer block are or may be cast together, and bear upon the founda-
tion plate k extending from side to side, as shewn in Figure 6. In order to
prevent these sectors or rockers from slipping, toothed segments are cast
upon them, which take into racks fixed to or cast in the foundation plates; or
the sectors or rockers may be cast separately, each being furnished with a
toothed segment and rack. The object of these sectors or rockers is to prevent
the unequal wearing of the rails, which takes place, as above described, when
the wheels skid or slip on the rails at the moment when the blow is struck;
for it is evident that by making the quantities of metal above and below the
axle in the inverse proportion to the quantities of motion of the parts, the
momentum of the sectors will be in a great measure counteracted.
Having thus stated the nature of my Invention, and described the manner of
performing the same, I declare that I claim as my improvements in machinery
for rolling, the substitution of a friction or shearing apparatus in lieu of the
"breaking spindle" hitherto employed to prevent injury to the steam engine
or other motor, and to the rolls and parts connected therewith, and I claim as
my improvements in machinery for hammering, supporting the hammer blocks

page_text: of duplex steam hammers on sectors instead of wheels, for the purposes
lescribed.
In witness whereof. I, the said John Ramsbottom, have hereto set my
hand and seal, this Seventh day of August, One thousand eight
hundred and sixty-five.
J. RAMSBOTTOM. (L.S.)