CERTAIN INDROWTHEBEST BROOCH AD ACTED LIFE ASMPNINAS
Year: 1865

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Joseph Josiah Blackham, Accountant's Clerk, of
Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, for the Invention of "CERTAIN
INDROWTHEBEST BROOCH AD ACTED LIFE ASMPNINAS "
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Joseph Josiah Blackham
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
7th January 1865.
J, JOSEPH JOSIAH BLACKHAM, Accountant's Clerk, of Birmingham, in the
County of Warwick, do hereby declare the nature of my said Invention for
"CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN BROOCH OR OTHER LIKE FASTENINGS," to be as follows
(that is to say):
My improvements in such fastenings as named in the title consist in
in the
superceding the necessity for the ordinary hinge joint common
attachment of pins to brooches, by coiling the wire of which the pin is
composed into a small circle or circles, thereby forming a spring at that end,
similar to the manner that the same portion of a nursery pin is made, and
in like manner to the construction of nursery pins, so I propose protecting the
points of brooch and other like pins by securing a piece of wire or its equiva-

page_text: lent to the back or end of the brooch, that not only forms a loop or catch for
holding the point end of the pin, but also forms a shield around the point to
protect it from injuring the wearer.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Joseph Josiah Blackham in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 7th July 1865.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOSEPH
JOSIAH BLACKHAM, Accountant Clerk, of Birmingham, in the County of
Warwick, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Seventh day of January, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and sixty-five, in the twenty-eighth year of Her reign,
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said
Joseph Josiah Blackham, Her special license that I, the said Joseph Josiah
Blackham, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the
said Joseph Josiah Blackham, my executors, administrators, or assigns, should
at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times
thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make,
use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "CERTAIN IM-
PROVEMENTS IN BROOCH AND OTHER LIKE FASTENINGS," upon the condition (amongst
others) that I, the said Joseph Josiah Blackbam, by an instrument in writing
under my hand and seal, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature
of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and
cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Joseph Josiah Blackham, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is
to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement (that is to say):-
My improvements in such fastenings as named in the title consist in
superceding the necessity for the ordinary hinge joint common in the
attachment of pins to brooches or other like fastenings requiring a pin
or bar at the back, by coiling the wire of which the pin or bar may be
composed into a small circle or circles, thereby forming a spring at that end

page_text: similar to the manner in which the same portion of a nursery pin is or has been
made, and in like manner to the construction of such nursery pins, herein
referred to, (and which was patented by the late Charles Rowley,) so I pur-
pose protecting the points of brooch and other like pins and fastenings, by
securing a piece of wire or its equivalent to the back or end of the brooch, that
not only forms a loop, catch, or shield for holding the point end of the pin or bar,
but also forms a shield around the point to protect it from injuring the wearer
or others that may be brought in contact with it, such as infants or young
children while being nursed.
But in order that I may be well understood as to the nature and object of
my said Invention, I will proceed to describe the same from the Drawings
hereunto annexed.
DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS.
Fig. 1 represents a front and edge view of a brooch pin formed of wire
bent into a coil to form an eye for receiving the axis on which it is intended
to work; the end of the wire terminates at a, which slightly projects forward
beyond the eye as here shewn, for the purpose of forming or affording a spring,
that when the point end of the pin is free from its detent or shield (as will be
hereafter seen), the said point end of the pin will elevate itself from the back-
plane of the brooch.
Fig. 2 is a side and top view of a wire shield that by soldering the part
marked 6 to the back of the brooch at the opposite end of the joint or where
the point of the pin would come the bar c will retain the pin while the loop
part d will surround the point.
Fig. 3 represents a back and edge view of a brooch with the pin constructed
and the point held and protected as described and exhibited at Figures I
and 2; e is a box or ears formed of sheet metal bent around as shown in a
top view at Fig. 4, the dotted line representing the axis on which the pin
works, and which is shown in the side view of the same part marked g.
Fig. 5 is a side view, and Fig. 6 an end view, of a little apparatus, drawn
full size, that I have found conveniently adapted for bending the ends of the
wire pins into the. circular coil as exhibited at the joint end of the pin at
Figure 1.
A is the base; B, B, are two standards supporting the circular barrel
C, in which the spindle D works from its being tapped through the front end,
but terminating at the back end as at D', on which is fixed the handle E ; at
the front-end of the spindle D a boss is formed, marked F, for receiving the con-

page_text: centric pin marked G which defines the size of the eye for receiving the axis on
which the pin works; H is a standard secured to the part A by screws as at J
or otherwise, and this standard H is fully shown in the end view, Figure 6, as
also a regulating plate marked J, which is held in position by the set screw K,
and it is by this means that the position of the eye of the pin is defined, which
is pointed before being bent, to effect which it is laid in the semicircular
groove marked L, against the end of the regulating plate I and is carried
around the concentric pin G by the small projecting part M by the revolving
of the spindle D by means of the handle E, and when the coil is complete the
boss will be against the inner face of the barrel C, and then by means of
reversing the direction of the handle the said boss F will be brought back in
contact with the inner end of the plate H, at which time the concontric pin G
will have retired from the coil of the pin, permitting it to fall free, and leaving
the apparatus in position for commencing to bend the end of another pin. This
apparatus when set may be worked by a child with good effect and expedition.
Instead of holding and protecting the point of the pin by a bit of bent wire,
as described and exhibited at Fig. 2, I may effect this by an excellent equi-
valent by so shaping the back plate of the brooch that a shield may be formed
from the same, as exhibited in the flat at Fig. 7, as well as the ears for forming
the axis for holding the pin, and these parts are fashioned into the desirod
shape as exhibited in the back and edge view, Fig. 8, notwithstanding the
detent and shield for retaining and covering the point of the pin may be cut
out of sheet metal by ordinary tools and a fly press, appliances well under-
stood and commonly used in the production of buttons and other small metal
wares. A shield of this description so produced I have exhibited in the flat
at Fig. 9, and in a side and end view pressed into form at Fig. 10, and applied
to a brooch at Fig. 11, nevertheless this part may be made in a variety of
ways and shapes and yet afford the desired object, viz., the holding and pro-
tecting the point of brooches or other like fastenings. I use the term "other
like fastenings" for the reason that if made small and of an appropriate shape
this mode of fastening may be used as a stud for the fronts or wristbands of
shirts, the pin in that case being passed through worked eyelet holes for
receiving it, or the pin may be fashioned into a bar of double wire, still
having the coil, and terminating at one end with a double spring, as at I, 1,
Fig. 12, while the other end is fashioned into a small loop, which end is bent
down at right angles, as exhibited in the side view at Fig. 13; and this bar I
have exhibited in a back and edge view as applied to the description of
fastenings last referred to, viz., studs or solitaires for the fastening or holding

page_text: together the fronts and wristbands of shirts and other like uses. The thin
metal back I purpose raising for the purpose of receiving the detent, as
exhibited in a flat view at Fig. 15, the front end being bent down, as exhibited
at m in the last Figure, the back plate simply requiring a small rectangular
pierce hole to allow the loop n, Figures 12 and 13, to pass down when the
detent may be pushed in, at which time the part o will have entered the loop
of the bar and thereby holds it in position, and which part may be slightly
raised into an arch, the spring imparted to the bar baving always a tendency
to elevate the loop end and cause the detent to remain in position.
For applying my improved pins and protection to what are called mourning
or composition brooches, the ears for holding the pin of the same may be
formed with advantage and economy of wire, as exhibited in the edge and side
view at Fig. 16, the dotted line representing the axis on which the pin would
work, while the lower portions are inserted to a desired depth in the compo-
sition of which the brooch or other like ornament may be composed, in which
case I also prefer protecting the point with a shield and detent made of wire,
as described at Fig. 2, the shank or part 6 being sufficiently lengthened for
insertion in the composition. But for brooches, the front or ornamental
portion of which being made of glass, jet, or other such material, I propose
adopting the mode as described and exhibited at Figures 7 and 8, where the
ears for supporting the axis for carrying the pins, as well as the detent and
shield for holding and protecting the point are formed from the thin metal
composing the back of the brooch, and to which such materials as before named
are usually applied; notwithstanding such kind of brooches may be made by
forming the parts for supporting the axis of the pin as well as the point
protector and holder separate.
At Figs. 17, 18, 19, and 20, I have exhibited in top, end, and side views
various modifications that may be used with advantage as to shape and form
for the ears for forming the axis for supporting brooch pins made according to
my improvements, as herein described, the axis being indicated in each case
by the several dotted lines.
Having thus given a general description of my Invention, and the manner
in which the same may be carried into effect, I wish it understood that I do
not purpose confining myself to the general detail, as herein described and
exhibited, as the same is capeable of an indefinate extent or alteration to suit
the purpose or design to which its application may be adapted; but what I
claim and wish protected by these my in part recited Letters Patent is,―
Firstly, the forming or making the joints of brooches and other like articles,
as herein described and exhibited.

page_text: And, secondly, in the means of holding and protecting the points or free
ends of such pins, as herein described and exhibited.
In witness whereof, I, the said Joseph Josiah Blackham, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Sixth day of July, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-five.
JOSEPH JOSIAH BLACKHAM. (L.S.)
Witness,
WILLIAM LOACH,
Clerk to James S. Cockings,
Patent Agent,
Birmingham.