IMPROVE- MENTS IN AND AN IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR MANUFACTURING AND RE-BURNING ANIMAL CHARCOAL
Year: 1862

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to George Torr, of Buck's Row, Whitechapel, in the
County of Middlesex, and Lower Road, Deptford, in the County of
Surrey, Animal Charcoal Manufacturer, for the Invention of "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN AND AN IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR MANUFACTURING AND RE-BURNING
ANIMAL CHARCOAL."
Sealed the 22nd August 1862, and dated the 27th February 1862.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said George Torr at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 27th February
1862.
I, GEORGE TORR, of Buck's Row, Whitechapel, in the County of Middlesex,
and Lower Road, Deptford, in the County of Surrey, Animal Charcoal Manu-
facturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN AND AN IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR MANUFACTURING AND RE-BURNING ANIMAL
CHARCOAL," to be as follows:-
:
My Invention consists in part of improvements upon the Invention of
improvements in manufacturing and re-burning animal charcoal, described in
the Specification filed in pursuance of Letters Patent, dated the Twenty-fourth.:
of March One thousand eight hundred and fifty-eight, and numbered 621,
granted to John Frederick Bringes, the younger, and Henry Joseph Collins,
[Price 8d.1

page_text: and they relate to the construction of the retorts or cylinders, the mode of
feeding the same, the withdrawing and cooling of the animal charcoal after
having been operated upon, and have for their object a continuous supply to
and withdrawal from the cylinders, the cooling of the charcoal when burnt,
and the economising the heat of the furnace.
My Invention is applicable to any revolving retort or cylinder, but I prefer
that the cylinder should be mounted and made to revolve in the way described
in the Specification filed in pursuance of Letters Patent granted to me for
my Invention of improvements in re-burning animal charcoal, dated the Third
of February, in the fifteenth year of the reign of Her present Majesty, and
numbered 13,954; or where two separate cylinders are used mounted and
made to revolve, as herein-after described, and it is carried into effect in the
following manner:-I attach the thread of an archimedean screw to the inner
surface of a revolving cylinder. The thread may be either cast on or secured
in segments to the inner surface of the cylinder from end to end, the pitch
being about five to seven inches, and the depth of the thread about six to
eight inches. In the interior of this cylinder, which 1 call the main cylinder,
I place another and smaller cylinder, the axis of which coincides with the axis
of the outer or main cylinder. The diameter of the inner cylinder must be
such as to allow of a space of about one inch between it and the archimedean
screw. The inner cylinder is open at both ends, and extends to within six or
eight inches of the back end of the main cylinder, and projects about two feet
from the front of it. The inuer cylinder is attached to the outer cylinder by
suitable cross bars or supports, and the two cylinders revolve together. The
thread of an archimedeau screw is attached to the interior of the inner
cylinder, similar to that attached to the outer cylinder, except that if the
screw of the outer cylinder is a right-hand screw, that of the inner cylinder
must be a left-hand one, and vice versâ; and also the pitch of the screw and
depth in innercylinder must be in accordance with the two different diameters
and pitch of outer screw, so that the crushed bones or charcoal will travel
with the same velocity and in a continuous stream in each cylinder, for
instance, if the outer cylinder is three feet diameter with a screw of six inches
pitch, and the inner cylinder is eighteen inches diameter, it should either be
a double thread or a pitch of double the outer one. At the front end of the
iuuer cylinder and above it there is a hopper, from which a pipe descends and
fits loosely to the frout for supplying the inner cylinder with the crushed bones
or animal charcoal to be operated upon, as hereafter described. The hopper
is stationary, and does not revolve with the cylinders. Surrounding the outer

page_text: end of the inner cylinder and in front of the outer cylinder is a double
revolving cooling box, consisting of a double cylinder or drum (that is, one
drum within the other,) made of sheet iron or other suitable material. The
diameter of the outer drum should be about two feet larger than the diameter
of the main cylinder, and the inner drum not less than the diameter of the main
cylinder or more than six or eight inches larger. The cooling box is fixed to
the front end of the main cylinder, and also to the front end of the inner
cylinder, and revolves with them, the axis of the two being in the same line.
The side of the cooling box furthest from the front of the main cylinder is
closed, and the side next the main cylinder is open to the extent of its
diameter to receive the contents of the main cylinder after being operated
upon. There is a slide in the side of the inner drum which can be opened
and closed at pleasure for the purpose of discharging the contents of the inner
into the outer drum, and a similar slide is fitted to the side of the outerdrum
for the purpose of discharging the contents of the same (when sufliciently
cooled) into a proper receptacle. The cylinder must revolve in such a
direction as that the archimedean screws in the inner cylinder shall cause
the crushed bones or animal charcoal to pass from the hopper at the front
of the cylinders through the inner cylinder to the back, and return by the
main cylinder to the cooling box. The steam and gases generated during the
process may be withdrawn and condensed by either of the modes shewn and
described in the above-mentioned Specifications of the said Letters Patent,ór
by preference they may be conveyed by pipes under the fire bars of the furnace
so as to get rid of the noxious vapour instead of allowing it to pass direct into
the atmosphere as is usually done.
If the threads of the archimedean screw are cast separately and in pieces or
segments, it is preferred to attach them to the cylinders by means of T-shaped
ribs fixed to the insides of the cylinders in the direction of their length, and the
threads of the segments are formed with flauges on the ends to slide under
the T-part of the ribs to secure them in their place and thus form a continuous
screw.
Another mode of performing my Invention is to economise the fuel and
make use of the waste heat in the following manner :-
After passing round the outer or main cylinder and before it passes away
to the chinney I carry the heated air and flame from the furnace through
flues into a brick chamber above it in which there is a revolving cylinder
which I call the upper cylinder, and which I prefer to be of the same dia-
meter as the inner cylinder of the main one (but it may be either larger or

page_text: smaller) with an archimedean screw in the interior its whole length. There
is a space of about four inches between the upper cylinder and the brickwork.
There are flues in the chamber to carry the products of combustion to the
chimney. The upper cylinder may run either upon friction rollers or be
provided with gudgeons with cross pieces secured to the ends of the cylinders,
the front ones passing through the hopper and discharge box and supported
upon bearings, and it can be driven from either end by the same means as
described in the Specification to my said Letters Patent, or by a worm and
wheel on one end, as described in the Specification to the said Letters Patent
number 621. The end of the upper cylinder farthest from the cooling box is
provided with a hopper loosely fitting the end and remaining stationary while
the cylinder revolves. The other end of the upper cylinder is provided with
a discharge box fitting loosely in the end and stationary, and which box has
a pipe from the bottom of the same descending to the hopper in front of the
inner cylinder of the main one to supply the same from the upper cylinder.
The upper cylinder may be provided with grooved wheels outside of the
brickwork, and near the ends on the outside for either crane chain,
or flat link chain, and the lower or main cylinder can be suspended by
either of such description of chains working in grooved wheels, so that when
the upper cylinder is set in motion it will communicate motion to the main
cylinder and cause it to revolve, the relative speed of the upper and lower
cylinders being regulated by the respective sizes of the grooved wheels, so
as to insure a continuous stream of crushed bones or animal charcoal
through the cylinders. The discharge box of the upper cylinder must be
fitted with an outlet, and pipes from the same may be continued into the flues
leading to the chimney to convey away the steam generated in drying the wet
charcoal or bones in their passage though it.
The action of the apparatus is as follows:-The crushed bones to be burnt,
or animal charcoal to be reburnt, are supplied to the hopper through which the
upper cylinder is fed, and carried continuously through the top cylinder by
means of the archimedean screw. During its progressthroughtheuppercylinder
thecharcoal or bones are wholly or partially dried and are discharged at the end
of the upper cylinder into the discharge box, and descend down the pipe into the
hopper of the inner cylinder and thence carried continuously through to the end
of the same. During its passage the charcoal or bones receive the heat of the
centre of the retort, which in large cylinders is lost, and then fall into the main
cylinder where they come into contact with its red hot side and are carried
along it by means of the screw to the cooling box, when they arrive there the

page_text: carbonization is complete. The charcoal then falls into the inner drum of the
cooling box and is allowed to accumulate there until it partly surrounds the
front end of the inner cylinder, and by this arrangement the red hot charcoal
heats the inner cylinder at that part, imparting its heat as it cools to the bones
or charcoal as they come from the upper cylinder when the inner drum
contains as much charcoal as described the first mentioned slide is opened
and the charcoal falls into the outer drum where it cools still further, and
remains until the inner drum has received a fresh supply, when the secondly
mentioned slide is opened,and the charcoal falls into a vessel ready to receive
it, by which time the charcoal is sufficiently cool to bear contact with the air.
In this way the supply and discharge of the retort is continuous or nearly so,
the heat is used to the best advantage, and the burnt charcoal is cooled out of
contact with the air..
Although I have described the top cylinder, inner cylinder, and main or
outer cylinder in connection with each other, it must be understood that the
outer or main cylinder may be used without either the inner or upper cylinder
and with the revolving cooling box attached, and continuously charged at one
end and discharged at the other, or the main cylinder may be used with the
internal cylinder,but without the upper one,or the main cylinder may be used
without the internal one and in connection with the upper one only.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said George Torr in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 27th
August 1862.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, GEORGE
TORR, of Buck's Row, Whitechapel, in the County of Middlesex, and Lower
Road, Deptford, in the County of Surrey, Animal Charcoal Manufacturer,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-seventh day of February in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-two, in the twenty-fifth year of
Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto
me, the said George Torr, Her special licence that I, the said George Torr,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said George
Torr, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the

page_text: term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN AND AN
IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR MANUFACTURING AND RE-BURNING ANIMAL CHARCOAL,"
upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said George Torr, my
executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their,
or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be
performed, and cause the same be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office
within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said
Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said George Torr, do hereby declare the
nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement, reference being had to the Drawings hereunto annexed, and to the
letters and figures marked thereon (that is to say) :
:―
My Invention consists in part of improvements upon the Invention of
"Improvements in Re-burning Animal Charcoal," describedinthe Specification
filed in pursuance of Letters Patent dated the Third day of February, One
thousand eight hundred and fifty-two, numbered 13,954, and granted to me,
and of improvements upon the Invention of "Improvements in the Manu-
"facture and Re-burning of Animal Charcoal," described in the Specification
filed in pursuance of Letters Patent dated the Twenty-fourth day of March,
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-eight, and numbered 621, granted to
John Frederick Brinjes, the younger, and Henry Joseph Collins, and these
improvements relate to the construction of the retorts or cylinders for manu-
facturing or reburning animal charcoal, the mode of feeding the same, the
withdrawing and cooling of the animal charcoal after it has been operated
upon, and they have for their object a continuous supply of crushed bones or
animal harcoal to and withdrawal from the cylinders, the cooling of the animal
charcoal when burnt, and the economizing the heat of the furnace.
One method of carrying my said Invention into effect is as follows:-The
Drawing A represents a side section of the apparatus I employ. No. I is the
furnace or fire-place, constructed in the usual manner, of brick or other suit.
able material, the heat from which ascends through the flues numbered 2 into
a barrel-shaped chamber No.3, constructed of brick or other suitable material,
and thence through the flues numbered4into another barrel-shaped chamber
No.5, the smoke finally escaping through the flues numbered 6 into a chimney,

page_text: by which it is carried off in the usual way. It is obvious that by this means
the greater part of the heat of the furnace is rendered available for the purpose
of heating the cylinders or retorts herein-after described, for the manufacture
or re-burning of animal charcoal. In the upper chamber No. 5 is placed a
revolving cylinder or retort No. 7, which I call the upper cylinder. It should
be constructed of iron or other suitable material. It should occupy the central
part of the chamber, and its diameter should be about eight inches less than
that of the chamber. The ends of the cylinder should project beyond the ends
of the chamber, as shewn in the Drawing. The thread of an archimedian
screw, numbered 8, is attached to the inner surface of the cylinder. The
screw thread may either be cast on or secured in segments to the inner surface
of the cylinder. If the thread is cast separately and in pieces or segments, it.
is preferable to attach it to the cylinder by means of T-shaped ribs fixed to
the inside of the cylinder in the direction of its length, and the ends of the.
segment should be formed with flanges or ends to slide under the T parts
of the ribs for the purpose of securing them in their places so as to form a
continuous screw. The pitch of the screw should be about from four to six
inches, and the depth of the thread should be about from five to six inches.
The cylinder may run either upon friction rollers or be provided with gudgeons
with cross pieces secured to the ends of the cylinder, the back and front
gudgeons passing respectively through the hopper No. 9, and the discharge
box No. 11, and being supported upon bearings. The cylinder can be driven
from either cud by the same means as are described in the Specification to the
said Letters Patent grauted to me and numbered 13,954, or by a worm and
wheel on one end, as described in the Specification to the said Letters Patent
granted to John Frederick Brinjes and Henry Joseph Collins, and numbered
621. The end of the cylinder which is furthest from the discharge box is
provided with a hopper No. 9 which loosely fits into the end of the cylinder
and remains stationary whilst the cylinder revolves, the other end of the
cylinder is provided with a discharge box No. 11 which fits loosely into the end
of the cylinder and remains stationary whilst the cylinder revolves. The
discharge box must be fitted with an outlet No. 10 for the escape of the steam
or gases generated in burning or drying the crushed bones or animal charcoal
in their passage through the cylinder. At the bottom of the discharge box is
a pipe No. 12 which descends into the hopper No. 13. In the lower chamber
No. 3 is placed another revolving cylinder or retort No. 14, which I call the
lower cylinder. It should be constructed of iron or other suitable material.
It should occupy the central part of the chamber, and its diameter should be

page_text: about sixteen inches less than that of the chamber. The end of the cylinder
furthest from the discharge box should be closed and be furnished with a hollow
axis No. 15, upon which it may revolve, and through which the steam or gases
generated in manufacturing or re-burning animal charcoal can escape. The
gases or steam proceeding from this outlet, as also from that numbered 10,
may be withdrawn and condensed in either of the modes shewn and described
in the above-mentioned Specifications of the said Letters Patent, or the gases
may be conveyed by pipes under the fire bars of the surface, so as by that
means to be destroyed. The lower cylinder is a double cylinder. No. 1'4 is
the outer cylinder; No. 16 is the inner cylinder. The axes of both cylinders
coincide, and the inner cylinder is attached to the outer one by suitable cross
bars or supports numbered 17,and consequently the two cylinders form together
but one cylinder and revolve together.. I prefer that the inner cylinder should
be of the same diameter as the upper cylinder No. 7. The thread of an archi-
median screw No. 18 is attached to the inner surface of the outer cylinder,
which may be cast on or attached to the cylinder in the same way as has
already been described in speaking of the screw of the upper cylinder. The
pitch of the screw should be about from five to seven inches, and the depth of
the thread about from six to eight inches. The diameter of the inner cylinder
must be such as to allow of a space of about one inch between it and the
thread of the screw attached to the outer cylinder, so as to afford a vent for
the escape of the steam or gases generated by the process. The inner cylinder
open at both ends. It extends to within six or eight inches of the back end
of the outer cylinder and projects about two feet from its front end. The
thread of an archimedian screw No. 19 is attached to the inner surface of the
inner cylinder. The screw is similar to that attached to the outer cylinder,
except that if the screw of the outer cylinder is a right-hand screw, that of
the inner cylinder must be a left-hand screw, and vice versâ. The pitch and
depth of the screw of the inner cylinder inust bear such a proportion to the
diameter of the inner cylinder and to the pitch of the screw of the outer
cylinder, as to ensure the crushed bones or animal charcoal brought in contact
with the screws travelling with equal velocity and in a continuous stream
through each cylinder. If the outer cylinder is three feet in diameter with a
screw of six inches pitch, and the inner cylinderis eighteen inches diameter, its
screw should either be double threaded or else have a pitch double the pitch of
the screw of the outer cylinder. A cooling box, No. 20, made of iron or other
suitable material, is fixed to the front end of the outer cylinder, and also to the
front end of the inner cylinder, and revolves along with the lower cylinder. The
is

page_text: axes of the cooling box and lower cylinder are coincident. The cooling box con-
sists of a double cylinder or drum. The diameter of the outer drum, No. 21,
should be about two feet larger than the diameter of the outer cylinder,
assuming the diameter of the latter to be three feet, as before mentioned, and
the diameter of the inner drum, No. 22, should be not less than the diameter
of the outer cylinder, nor more than six or eight inches larger than it. The
side of the cooling box which is furthest from the front end of the outer
cylinder is closed, and the side next the outer cylinder is open to the extent of
its diameter. There is a slide, No. 23, in the side of the inner drum, which
can be opened or closed at pleasurefor the purpose of discharging the contents
of the inner into the outer drum, and there is a similar slide, No. 24, in the
side of the outer drum for the purpose of discharging its contents when
sufficiently cooled. By the revolution of the cooling box the animal charcoal
is cooled more speedily and more equally than if the box was stationary. The
hopper, No. 13, turns and fits loosely into the front of the inner cylinder.
The hopper is stationary, and does not revolve with the lower cylinder. The
lower cylinder may be made to revolve by means of an endless chain, No. 25,
passing over a grooved wheel, No. 26, at the end of the upper cylinder, and
under a similar wheel, No. 27, at the end of the lower cylinder, and by which
chain that end of the lower cylinder may be supported. The relative speed of
the upper and lower cylinders must be regulated by the respective diameters
of the grooved wheels, so as to ensure a continuous stream of crushed bones
or animal charcoal passing with equal velocity through the cylinders whilst
they are in motion. The action of the apparatus is as follows:-The crushed
bones to be burnt or the animal charcoal to be reburnt are supplied to the
hopper, No. 9, through which the upper cylinder No. 7 is fed, and by the
revolution of the cylinder and the action of the archimedian screw, are carried
continuously along and through the upper cylinder,and precipitated into the
discharge box No. 11. The animal charcoal or crushed bones, during their
progress through the upper cylinder, are wholly or partially dried. From the
discharge box they descend by means of the pipe No. 12 into the hopper
No. 13, and thence are conveyed into the inner cylinder No. 14 of the lower
cylinder, and by the revolution of the cylinder and the action of the archi-
median screw, are carried continuously to the end of the inner cylinder, and
precipitated into the outer cylinder No. 14. During their progress through
the inner cylinder the materials receive the heat of the centre of the retort
(which in large cylinders constructed in the ordinary manner is lost). When
they fall into the outer cylinder they come in contact with its red hot side,

page_text: and by the revolution of the cylinder and the action of the archimedian screw
are carried along and through the cylinder to its end, and precipitated into the
inner drum No. 22 of the cooling box. When the materials arrive there,
their carbonization or reburning, as the case may be, is complete. They are
allowed to accumulate there until they partly surround the front end of the
inner cylinder. By this arrangement the red hot animal charcoal assists in
heating the inner cylinder at that part, and imparts its heat to the animal
charcoal or crushed bones as they come from the upper cylinder. When the
inner drun of the cooling box contains as much animal charcoal as is con-
venient, the slide No. 23 is opened, and the animal charcoal falls into the
outer drum No. 21, where it cools still further, remaining there until the inner
drum is again filled, upon which the slide No. 24 is opened, and the animal
charcoal, which by this time is sufficiently cool to bear contact with the air,
falls into a vessel placed for its reception. The direction in which the crushed
bones or animal charcoal pass through the apparatus is indicated by the arrows
in the Drawing. In this manner the supply and discharge of the retorts are
continuous or nearly so, the fuel and heat are economized, and the animal
charcoal is cooled whilst it is excluded from the air.
Although I have described an apparatus consisting of a combined user of
au upper and lower cylinder, it must be understood that either cylinder may
be used separately, the hopper, the discharge box, aud the cooling box being
modified in their forms accordingly, and also that the lower cylinder may be
constructed and used without its inner cylinder separately or in combination
with an upper cylinder.
I do not claim as my Invention the attachment of the thread of an archi-
median screw to the interior of a revolving cylinder for the purpose of manu-
facturing or re-burning of animal charcoal, nor the cooling of animal charcoal
whilst excluded from the air; but I do claim as my Invention for the purpose
of manufacturing or re-burning of animal charcoal, the combination, as above
described, of two or more cylinders, each having the thread of an archimedian
screw attached to its interior, and also the combination in one cylinder of an
inner and outer cylinder, each furnished with an archimedian screw, as set
forth in the foregoing description of the lower cylinder; and I also claim as
my Invention a rotatory cooling box in the form of a double drum, as above
described.
Another and a preferable method of carrying my said Invention into effect
is as follows: The Drawing B represents a side section, and the Drawing C
an end elevation of the apparatus, which I prefer to employ. The same

page_text: Figures are used to denote the same parts in each Drawing"; No. 1 is the
furnace or fire-place constructed as aforesaid, the heat of which ascends
through the flues No. 2 into the barrel-shaped chamber No. 3, constructed as
aforesaid, and thence through the flues No. 4 into another barrel-shaped
chamber No. 5, the products of combustion being conveyed through the flues
No. 6 into an arched chamber No. 7, and thence into the main chimney. To
avoid confusion, the communication between the flues and the arched chamber
is not shewn in the Drawing. No. 8 is the upper cylinder constructed of iron
or other suitable material, and so formed that its outer surface presents the
form of a male screw, and its inner surface that of a corresponding female
screw, differing from one another only by the space occupied by the thickness
of the side of the cylinder. The thread of the screw in which the cylinder is
formed may be as represented in section in Figure B, but I prefer it to be of
the form shewn in section, Figure D, as in the latter case the metal being of
an even thickness, it is less liable to be cracked by the heat. No. 9 is the
lower cylinder, which is of equal diameter with the upper cylinder, and is
constructed and formed as to its exterior and interior surfaces, in a similar
manner, except that the screw formed by the twist of the cylinder is a reverse
screw to that of the upper cylinder, the upper cylinder constituting a left hand,
and the lower cylinder a right-hand screw, or vice-versa. The upper cylinder
is made to revolve by moving power acting upon an universal joint No. 10,
connected with the shaft No. 11, upon which the cylinder rotates, and it
communicates its motion to the lower cylinder by means of the endless
chain No. 12, working in the wheels No. 13 and No. 14, which are respectively
attached to the front end of either cylinder. Each end of each cylinder is
supported by the friction rollers numbered 15. No. 16 is a hopper; and
No. 17 a pipe proceeding from it, and fitting loosely into the upper cylinder,
and remaining stationary, by which means the crushed bones or animal
charcoal are conveyed into the upper cylinder. No. 18 is a discharge box;
and No. 19 a pipe proceeding from it, by which the crushed bones or animal
charcoal, after having been conveyed through the upper cylinder by its
revolution and the action of its screw-shaped side, are discharged into the lower
cylinder. No. 20 is the cooling box, attached to the lower cylinder, and
revolving with it, into which the materials, after having been in like manner
conveyed through the lower cylinder, are discharged, and there retained until
A pipe No. 22
sufficiently cool to be removed by opening the valve No. 21.
attached to the top of the discharge box No. 18, carries off the steam and
gases generated during the process of carbonization. By the corrugated form

page_text: given to the sides of the cylinders, a much greater portion of their surface is
exposed to the action of the furnace than if the sides were smooth, and the
process of carbonization is thereby completed with greater economy of fuel
than under the method first herein-before described.
I claim as my Invention a cylinder formed as last-above described for the
manufacture or re-burning of animal charcoal; the combination, as above
described, of two or more such cylinders for such purpose, rotatory cooling
box, formed as last above described, and its combination with a cylinder
formed as aforesaid, and either used separately or in combination with another
such cylinder, as aforesaid, or with more of such cylinders.
In witness whereof, I, the said George Torr, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Twenty-sixth day of August, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-two.
GEORGE TORR. (L.s.)