Improvements in Churns.
Year: 1899

page_text: Date of Application, 16th Mar., 1899-Accepted, 2nd June, 1899
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Churns.
I, JAMES YATE JOHNSON, of 47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the County of London,
Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of this invention (which has been com-
municated to me from abroad by Shelton T. Cameron, of 620, F. Street, Washing-
ton, in the District of Columbia, United States of America) and in what manner
the same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement:-
This invention relates to churns and has for its object to construct a churn which
can be easily operated, produces a violent and effective agitation of the contained
milk or cream, and affords means whereby the temperature of the milk, or cream
can be maintained practically constant during the churning operation, and the
interior of the churn effectively ventilated. I will describe with reference to the
accompanying drawings a construction of apparatus in accordance with this in-
vention from which its general nature will be understood but I do not limit myself
to the precise details illustrated.
Figure 1 is a vertical transverse section, parts being shewn in elevation;
Figure 2 is a horizontal section on the line 2, 2 Figure 1, shewing the agitating
blades in a different relative position. Figure 3 is a side elevation of a detail.
A is the churn body or vessel preferably with vertical, or nearly vertical sides,
and B is the bottom thereof. The interior of the churn is divided by a partition,
or false bottom, B' into an upper chamber C and a lower chamber C¹ the cham-
ber C constituting the receptacle for the milk or cream to be churned and the
chamber C, a tank for containing water heated to the requisite temperature pre-
ferably to the boiling point. The chamber C is in communication with the
chamber C through the pipe D preferably entering the respective chambers near
the top thereof and D is an angle pipe through which water can be poured into,
or out of, the chamber C. E is a frame mounted within the chamber C and
having inwardly projecting and oppositely disposed blades e el feathered or inclined
at an angle to the vertical but in reverse directions as clearly shewn in dotted lines
in Figures 3. The blades e e¹ are preferably thickest at their upper edges and
gradually taper to their lower edges. F is a shaft in the vertical axis of the churn,
its lower end passing through a hub in the bottom of the frame E and resting in a
bearing b¹ carried by the false bottom B'. The upper end of the shaft F passes
through an enlarged hub carried by the top of the frame E and out through the
cover A. Oppositely disposed blades ff, project from the shaft F preferably
in planes alternating with those occupied by the blades e e¹, of the frame E, one
of the upper blades being omitted for convenience in assembling the parts. The
blades ff are preferably feathered and in reverse direction in a manner similar
to the blades e, el, in the frame E. G is a bevelled toothed or friction wheel loosely
surrounding the shaft F and having a hub g projecting downwards through the
cover A and into the hub E' in the frame E to which it is securely keyed. G¹ is
a toothed or friction wheel (of like dimensions to the wheel G) keyed, or other-
wise secured, to shaft F, which projects slightly above the wheel G into a bear-
ingh formed in an overhanging arm h¹ on a standard H' supported by a base H
attached to the cover A' and having a second standard H2 thereon.
Turning in bearings in the standards H¹ He is a crank shaft I, to one end of

page_text: which is keyed a bevelled toothed or friction wheel K, preferably of larger diameter
than the wheels G G¹, and in working engagement therewith. A ventilating hole,
or opening, a is formed in the cover A¹.
The operation is as follows:-Water is poured into the chamber C¹ through
the elbow D', care being taken not to fill the chamber above the point where the
pipe enters the chamber. As the pipes D D are in the same plane it can be
readily determined when the water is too high by inspection through the open
end of the pipe D¹. In order that the temperature of the churn may be main-
tained at the most advantageous point it is preferred in cold, or cool, weather, to
to have the water in chamber C¹ heated to about the boiling point, but in very warm
weather cold spring, or ice, water may be employed.
When hot water is used the steam and heated air pass, through the pipe D,
into the chamber C of the churn, thereby greatly assisting in keeping the churn
and its contents at the desired temperature without the necessity of pouring hot
water into the churn as is now sometimes done. The temperature of the churn
being thus assured, and the cream, or milk, being placed therein, the revolutions
of the crank-shaft I impart rapid rotation in opposite directions, to the shaft
and frame E, and these by reason of the reverse inclinations of the blades e, e', f, f',
produce thorough agitation of the milk, or cream, and the operation is completed
in a very short time.
The operation having been completed and the contents of the churn removed
the churn is readily and effectively cleansed by placing boiling water, therein and
giving a few turns to the crank-shaft I. The pipe D may be cleansed by turning
the churn on its side and permitting hot water from the tank C¹ to pass out
through the pipe D.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this invention,
and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I claim is:-
-
1. A churn comprising a chamber for the milk, or cream, means for regulating
the temperature thereof, and means for agitating the milk, or cream, substantially
as herein before described.
2. A churn comprising a chamber for the milk, or cream, a tank for containing
a heating, or cooling, medium, and means for agitating the milk, or cream, sub-
stantially as hereinbefore described.
3. A churn comprising a chamber for the milk, or cream, a tank for containing
a heating, or cooling, medium, a passage from the said tank to the said chamber,
and means for agitating the milk, or cream, substantially as herein before described.
4. A churn comprising a chamber for the milk, or cream, a frame therein having
oppositely disposed, and reversely feathered, blades, a shaft also having oppositely
disposed, and reversely feathered, blades, the said frame and shaft being mounted
so as to rotate about a common axis within the churn, and means for rotating them
in opposite directions, substantially as herein before described.
5. A churn comprising a chamber for the milk, or cream, a frame therein
having inwardly projecting feathered blades, a shaft having outwardly projecting
feathered blades, in alternate planes with the blades on the frame, and means for
rotating the said frame and shaft in opposite directions about a common axis with-
in the chamber, substantially as hereinbefore described.
6. A churn constructed as herein before described and illustrated in the accom-
panying drawings.
Dated this 16th dove of Vaucl 1900.
JOHNSONS & WILLCOX.
47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, W.C., Agents.