IMPROVE- 'MENTSIN 'MACHINERY FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF RAILWAY AND A WHEELS AND OTHER LIKE ARTICLES." OTHER
Year: 1875

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Thomas Brown, of Walsall, in the County of
10'
Stafford, Machinist, and Ambrose Beard, the younger, of Walsall,
"aforesaid, Manager of Ironworks, for the Invention of "IMPROVE-
'MENTS 'IN 'MACHINERY FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF RAILWAY AND
A
WHEELS AND OTHER LIKE ARTICLES."
OTHER
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Thomas Brown and
Ambrose Beard at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 22nd December 1875.
We, THOMAS 'BROWN, of Walsall, in the County of Stafford, Machiuist,
and AMBROSE BEARD, the younger, of Walsall, aforesaid, Manager of
Trouworks, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF RAILWAY AND OTHER
WHEELS AND OTHER LIKE ARTICLES," to be as follows:
1
Si
1.
•
..] ati
Our said Invention consists of the improvements herein-after described
in machinery for the manufacture of railway and other wheels and other
like articles, whereby blooms or moulds of iron or steel may be rolled.or
fashioned into railway or other wheels.

page_text: с
The said machinery is also applicable to the manufacture of pistons
with piston rods solid thereto, or of one piece of iron or steel as well as
to the manufacture of articles of iron or steel having a circular figure, and
either of the same or different thicknesses at different parts.
We will describe our Invention as constructed for the manufacture of
a railway wheel from a bloom or mould of wrought iron. Two hori-
zontal roll situated, by preference one over the other, work in bearings
or housings of the ordinary kind, and are coupled together and driven in
the usual way.
The upper roll is capable of being raised or the lower roll
is capable of being depressed. These rolls are of a cylindrical figure for
the greater part of their length, but near one end they are provided with
bulbs of a nearly spherical figure. The ends of the rolls near which the
bulbs are situated are of somewhat larger diameter than the greater
part of the rolls, the said larger diameter extending a short distance
beyond the bulbs constituting collars on the portions of the rolls of
smaller diameter.
Working in conjunction with the principal rolls described is a set of face
rolls working on vertical shafts. These face rolls act on the edge of the
bloom and give to it the required circular figure, and also hold the bloom
or mould in position between the principal rolls. Upon one of the
principal rolls and near its larger end a moveable collar or sliding roll is
placed, this sliding roll being made to slide under hydraulic or other
pressure. The function of this sliding roll is to reduce the thickness of
the rim and form the flange.
In working this machine the two rolls are opened sufficiently to
receive the bloom or mould. The face rolls are drawn away sufficiently
to admit the centre of the bloom or mould being brought to the required
position between the rolls; the said face rolls are then brought nearer
together to secure the bloom or mould in position. The principal rolls
being set in motion the required pressure is applied to bring down the
top roll or to raise the bottom roll. By this means the bloom or mould
is caused to rotate between the rolls in a horizontal plane, the rolls
acting only on that half of the bloom which is situated between the
larger ends of the rolls, every part of the bloom coming in turn under
the operation of the rolls. The bulbed parts of the rolls produce
circular indentations on opposite sides of the bloom, while the sliding
and face rolls give the required configuration to the edge of the
bloom.

page_text: SYCH DO CHOI CITOS WION IN ONCO
The face rolls may be geared together and worked under pressure for
the purpose of consolidating as well as shaping the periphery of the bloom;
or a separate machine consisting of three rolls may be used for this purpose
and for partially forming the bloom or mould prior to its introduction into
the machine.
Should the bloom under operation require to be hardened we attach
hammers to the machine, by the action of which the bloom is hammered
during its rotation in the machine.
Another of our improvements consists in combining two pairs of rolls
revolving in opposite directions, the portions of the rolls which act
internally to form the indentation being capable of being drawn laterally
after having made the indentation, thus leaving the other portions on the
opposite sides to support the boss. On one of the rolls or on one of each
pair is placed a sliding collar or roll capable of being fixed at the required
distanco from the parts that act internally. Besides sustaining pressure
this roll aids in forming a flange.
In another of our improvements we employ rolls rotating in opposite
directions, but the rolls recede laterally from one another as the wheel
or article under operation is expanded by the rolls. Or the rolls may be
side by side and the article under operation passed from one groove to
the other.
In some cases we use rolls with different grooves. The wheel or article
under operation is removed from one groove to another. In this case we
employ rolls working between the standards for forming the outside and
periphery of the wheel or article.
When we wish to form grooves under the rim of the wheel we act upon
the wheel by rolls in an inclined position. This position enables us
readily to form grooves under the rim, and also more readily to give the
boss or wheel any particular shape..
Wheels made by the use of our machines may be pressed or punched to
form spokes, but we prefer to cut them out by a radius cutter. The cut
out pieces being iron of superior quality may by reheating and hammer-
ing, or rolling be formed into various articles in which iron of a superior
quality is required.

page_text: Where a deeper indentation is required on one side of the wheel or
article than on the other we make one roll of smaller diameter than the
other.
Our Invention is applicable to the manufacture generally of articles
of a circular figure, such for example as pistons and pistons with solid
piston rods.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Thomas Brown and Ambrose Beard in the Great Seal
Patent Office on the 15th June 1876.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, THOMAS
BROWN, of Walsall, in the County of Stafford, Machinist, and AMBROSE
BEARD, the younger, of Walsall,' aforesaid, Manager of Ironworks, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-second day of December, in
the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-five,
in the thirty-ninth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs.
and successors, give and grant unto us, the said Thomas Brown and
Ambrose Beard, the younger, Her special license that we, the said
Thomas Brown and Ambrose Beard, the younger, our executors.
administrators, and assigns, or such others as we, the said Thomas
Brown and Ambrose Beard, the younger, our executors, admini-
strators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others,
from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein
expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise; and vend,
within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY
FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF RAILWAY AND OTHER WHEELS AND OTHER LIKE
ARTICLES," upon the condition (amongst others) that we, the said Thomas
Brown and Ambrose Beard, the younger, our executors or admini-
strators, by an instrument in writing under our or their hands and
seals, or under the hand and seal of one of us or them, should particularly
describe and ascertain, the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be file

page_text: in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar mouths next and
immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE that we, the said Thomas Brown and Ambrose
Beard, the younger, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention,
and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement thereof,
that is to say:-
Our said Invention consists of the improvements herein-after described
in machinery for the manufacture of railway and other wheels and other
like articles, whereby blooms or moulds of iron or steel may be rolled or
fashioned into railway or other wheels.
The said machinery is also applicable to the manufacture of pistons
with piston rods solid thereto, or of one piece of iron or steel as well as
to the manufacture of articles of iron or steel having a circular figure,
and either of the same or different thicknesses at different parts.
We will describe our Invention as constructed for the manufacture of
a railway wheel from a bloom or mould of wrought iron. Two hori-
zontal rolls, situated by preference one over the other, work in bearings
or housings of the ordinary kind, and are coupled together and driven
in the usual way. The upper roll is capable of being raised, or the
lower roll is capable of being depressed. These rolls are of a cylindrical
figure for the greater part of their length, but near one end they are
provided with bulbs of a nearly spherical figure. The ends of the rolls
near which the bulbs are situated are of somewhat larger diameter,
extending a short distance beyond the bulbs constituting collars on the
portions of the rolls of smaller diameter.
Working in conjunction with the principal rolls described is a set of
face rolls working on vertical shafts. These face rolls act on the edge
of the bloom and give to it the required circular figure and also hold the
bloom or mould in position between the principal rolls. Upon one of
the principal rolls and near its larger end a moveable collar or sliding
roll is placed; this sliding roll being made to slide under hydraulic or
other pressure. The function of this sliding roll is to reduce the thickness
of the rim and form the flange.
In working this machine the two rolls are opened sufficiently to
receive the bloom or mould. The face rolls are drawn away sufficiently

page_text: to adinit the centre of the bloom or mould being brought to the required
position between the rolls, the said face rolls are then brought nearer
together to secure the bloom or mould in position. The principal rolls
being set in motion the required pressure is applied to bring down the
top roll or to raise the bottom roll. By this means the bloom or mould
is caused to rotate between the rolls in a horizontal plane, the rolls
acting only on that half of the bloom which is situated between. the
larger ends of the rolls, every part of the bloom coming in turn under
the operation of the rolls. The bulbed parts of the rolls produce circulaṛ
indentations on opposite sides of the bloom, while the sliding and face
rolls give the required configuration to he edge of the bloom.
In place of the sliding collar or roll described a sliding motion may be
given to the rolls themselves with like effect.
The face rolls may be geared together and worked under pressure for
the purpose of consolidating as well as shaping the periphery of the
bloom; or a separate machine consisting of three rolls may be used for
this purpose and for partially forming the bloom or mould prior to its
introduction into the machine.
Should the bloom under operation require to be hardened we attach
hammers to the machine, by the action of which the bloom is hammered
during its rotation in the machine.
Another of our improvements consists in combining two pairs of rolls
revolving in opposite directions, the portions of the rolls which act
internally to form the indentation being capable of being drawn laterally
after having made the indentation; thus leaving the other portions. on
the opposite sides to support the boss. On one of the rolls or on one of
each pair is placed a sliding collar or roll capable of being fixed at the
required distance from the parts that act internally. Besides sustaining
pressure this roll aids in forming a flange,
In another of our improvements we employ rolls rotating in opposite
directions, but the rolls recede laterally from one another as the wheel
or article is expanded by the rolls; or the rolls may be side by side and
the article under operation passed from one groove to another.
In some cases we use rolls with different grooves. The wheel or
article under operation is removed from one groove to another. In this

page_text: case we employ rolls working between the standards for forming the
outside and periphery of the wheel or article.
When we wish to form grooves under the rim of the wheel we act upon
the wheel by rolls in an inclined position. This position enables us readily
to form grooves under the rim, and also more readily to give the boss or
wheel any particular shape.
.1
Wheels made by the use of our machines may be pressed or punched to
form spokes, but we prefer to cut them out by a radius cutter. The cut-
out pieces being iron of superior quality may by reheating and hammering
or rolling be formed into various articles in which iron of a superior
quality is required.
Where a deeper indentation is required on one side of the wheel or
article than on the other we make one roll of smaller diameter than the
other.
Our Invention is applicable to the manufacture generally of articles of a
circular figure, such for example as pistons and pistons with solid piston
rods.
Having explained the nature of our Invention, we will proceed to
describe with reference to the accompanying Drawings the manner in
which the same is to be performed.
Figure 1 represents in plan; Figure 2 in side elevation; and Figure 3
in end elevation partly in cross section a machine for the manufacture
of railway wheels constructed according to our Invention; Figure 4
represents in elevation the lower or principal roll of the machine in
combination with the sliding roll.
The same letters of reference indicate the same parts in Figures 1, 2, 3,
and 4.
a represents a bloom or partly made railway wheel in the act of being
operated upon by the machine, and.b, 62, is a pair of horizontal rolls the
acting parts of which have a bulbed figure or a nearly spherical figure.
The bulb rolls 6, 62, act upon the opposite faces of the bloom or mould
and produce circular indentations in the said faces, as herein-after
described. The said bulb or principal rolls b, 62, work in the bearings
or housings c, c, and are-driven in the ordinary way. The upper bulb
roll 6 is capable of being raised from or lowered to the bottom roll 62 by

page_text: the screws c², 2, in the usual way, or hydraulic power may be used
instead of screws, or the bottom roll may be raised and lowered instead
of the top roll; e, e, e², e², is a set of face rolls working on vertical axes
(the figure of the acting surfaces of these rolls is best seen in Figure 2),
e, e, being the front pair of face. rolls, and e², e², the back pair of face
rolls. These face rolls are carried in the horizontal sliding frames f, f,
and motion is given to the said frames so as to make each pair e, e, e²,e²,
approach to or separate from one another by the mechanism herein-after
described. The said face rolls e, e, e², e², act on the edge of the bloom
or partly made wheel a and give to it the required circular figure, and
also hold the bloom or partly made wheel in position between the principal
rolls b, b². On the shaft of the bottom bulb roll 62 (or the shaft of the
top roll) is a sliding roll or collar d, the shape of which is best seen
in Figure 4.
We give the sliding motion to the roll d by means of a hydraulic press,
acting against the back of the said roll, or by a screw acting against the
back of the said roll, or otherwise put the required pressure on the roll to
force it in contact with the edge of the bloom. The function of the said
sliding roll d is to reduce the thickness of the rim and to form the flange
of the wheel. The shafts of the bulb or principal rolls b, 62, are geared
together and driven in opposite directions by the spur wheels at g, g, the
said spur wheels being driven in the ordinary way.
In working the machine the rolls 6, 62, are set in motion and the front
face rolls e, e, are withdrawn or separated from one another to a distance
sufficient to allow of the bloom or mould a being passed freely between
them and the rolls b, b², the upper roll having been raised from the
bottom roll 62 to allow the centre of the bloom to be placed nearly in the
centre of the rolls b, 62. The back face rolls e², e², are placed in such a
position as to act as stops to prevent the bloom passing further than is
required. Having introduced the bloom the front face rolls e, è, are
brought nearer together to secure the bloom or mould in position. The
sliding roll d is also placed at the required distance from the centre of
the bloom. Pressure being applied to one or both of the bulb rolls b, 2,
the opposite faces of the bloom are indented by the said rolls, and the
bloom is caused to rotate in a horizontal plane between the rolls b, b².
It will be seen by an examination of the Drawings that the bulb rolls
act only on one side of the axis of the bloom, but by the rotation of the
bloom every part of it comes in turn under the operation of the

page_text: "
""
rolls 6, 62. As the bloom enlarges in diameter 'by the indenting action
of the bulb rolls. 6, 62, the face rolls è, e, e², e²; gradually recede or are
permitted to separate and the sliding roll d also recedes, the face rolls
e, e², on the right hand side of the machine receding or travelling
backwards a greater distance than the face rolls on the left hand side of
the machine, the centre of the bloom as the said bloom enlarges in
diameter travelling from the bulb. rolls 6, 62, towards the right hand side
of the machine. After the indentations have been made on the faces of
the bloom by the action of the rolls b, 62, the sliding rod d is advanced
by hydraulic or other pressure for the purpose of reducing the rim of
the wheel, until the bloom under operation is rolled out to the required
size: By the action described the bulbed parts b, b*, of the rolls produce
circular indentations on opposite faces of the bloom, the said indentations
commencing near the centre of the bloom and terminating near the
edge thereof, while the sliding and face rolls d; e, e, e², e²; give the required
configuration to the edge of the bloom, the said sliding roll. reducing the
thickness of the rim and forming the flange, and the face rolls giving
the circular figurento the bloom, and preventing the formation" of a
fin or burr on theurim:
During the action of the machine the face rolls e, e, e², e², instead of
receding for the purpose of giving the circular figure to the bloom. may
be kept stationary for the purpose of fashioning or shaping and con-
densing or consolidating the bloom or partly made wheel under operation.
In this case the face: rolls may be rotated by "gearing, and work under
pressure; and if necessary the sliding roll d may be kept stationary ; but
instead. of consolidating and partly shaping the mould or bloom by the
operation of the face rolls the said.consolidating and partial shaping may
be effected in a separate machine prior to its being operated upon by the
machine; Figures. 1, 2, 3, and 4. The sliding roll d may either turn
upon the bulb roll b³, or turn with the said bulb roll; in the latter case
it isiconnected with the shaft of the roll by a sliding key to permit it to
have the necessary, sliding motion, and instead of the said roll d sliding
on the bulb roll the said roll d may have a hollow axis, through which
the bulb roll.mayi slide with a like effect where a deeper indentation is
required on one side of the wheels or article than on the other one of the
bulb rolls; b, 63, is made of smaller diameter than the other
For the purpose of giving the sliding motion to the frames carrying
the facesrollste; e, e², e², the arrangement of parts represented in Figures 1,
i

page_text: '
2, and 3 may be adopted, that is to say, we actuate each of the frames
carrying the face rolls by a right and left handed screw marked h, h², in
conjunction with a right and left handed half-screw box i, 22, beneath
the said screw. It will be seen that one half h of each screw is right
handed, and the other half h² left handed, and the threads of the parts
i, 22, of the screw box correspond respectively with the threads of the
said halves h, h², of the screw. The pair of screws h, h², on the right
hand side of the machine are driven by the toothed gearing at k, k, and
the pair of screws h, h2, on the left hand side of the machine are driven
by the toothed gearing at 1, 1, the said screws at the right hand side
being driven at a quicker speed than those at the other side of the
machine. The object of the right and left handed screws and their
corresponding screw boxes is to enable each face roll or each pair of
face rolls to be rapidly moved to or from the bulb rolls b, 62, at the will
of the workman. Each screw box i, 2, is capable of oscillating so that
one half or 2 of each screw box may be made to gear with the cor-
responding half h or h² of its screw. This gearing and ungearing of the
screw boxes i, 2, with the screws h, h², are effected by a rack m (see
Figures 2 and 3) worked by a toothed wheel n on the shaft p. The
upper face of the rack m is wedge shaped (see Figure 2), and the bottom
of the screw box i, i², has a corresponding figure. The toothed wheels n, n,
of each pair of racks m, m, are fixed on the same shaft, so that each
pair of face rolls e, e², may be moved simultaneously, or by means of
clutches q, q; the pair of face rolls may be worked together or separately.
The shaft p carrying the toothed wheels n, n, for working the racks is
turned by the lever r. When the lever is vertical, as in Figure 2, the
screw boxes of each screw are out of gear, and the pair of face rolls is
stationary. When the lever r, Figure 2, is moved to the right hand the
screw box i, 2, (or boxes) is oscillated, and the half of the screw box on
the right hand side is geared with the half screw opposite it, and the
frame f carrying the face roll is moved in one direction. By turning
the lever r, Figure 2, to the left hand the opposite half of the screw box
is geared with the half screw opposite it, and the first named half of the
screw box is ungeared from its corresponding screw.
The frame carry-
ing the face roll is thereby made to move in the opposite direction.
In this way each face roll or each pair of face rolls may be moved to or
from the bulb rolls as required.
Instead of moving the face rolls by the mechanism last described
they may be moved by hydraulic power in the manner illustrated in side

page_text: "
T
elevation in Figure 5; plan in Figure 6, and end elevation in Figure 6ª
where the bulb rolls,. face irolls, and sliding roll. are marked with the
same letters as: corresponding parts.in. Figures 1, 2, 3, and 4. In this
arrangement the face rolls e, e², are: carried by the forked ends of the
hydraulic rams working in the hydraulic cylinders et carried by the
housings of the machine. The pumps and other appliances of a hydraulic
press are omitted. In Figures 5 and 6 the sliding roll d is represented
worked by hydraulic power, d² being the hydraulic rams and d³ the
hydraulic cylinders.
.
•
Figure 7 represents in. plan and cross section, and Figure 8 in side
elevation, a modification of the machine represented in Figures 1, 2, 3,
and 4... In this modification the acting parts of the upper roll are
..marked a,. a, and c,.c, and the acting parts of the lower rolls are marked
b, b,.and d, d. The parts a, a, and b, 6, of the rolls are fixed upon the
spindles of the rolls, while, the other parts. c, c, and d, d, are capable of
sliding upon the said spindles to form the indentations in the opposite
faces of the bloom.... On the, spindle of the lower roll bare two sliding
rolls e, e, for giving the required configuration to the edge of the bloom;
ff ff are the face rolls, the sliding frames carrying them being
arranged in this modification in the direction of radii instead of being
parallel; g represents the partially made wheel. In using this machine
the spindles of the indenting rolls a, a, and b, b, being coupled to the
driving power the sliding indenting rolls c, c, and d, d, are forced
against the said parts a, a, and b, b, and the sliding edge' rolls e, e; are
set at the required distance from each other according to the size of the
bloom to be operated upon. The front face rolls f2; f2, being with-
drawn to allow of the bloom being passed between them and the bulb
Frolls the said bulb rolls a, a, c, c; and b, b, and d, d; are opened to
receive the bloom; which bloom is made to bear against the back face
rolls ff, which acts as supports thereto: The front face rolls f², f³,
being returned to their places the bloom secured between the rolls,
and the top roll a, a, is depressed or the bottom roll b, b, raised. As
soon as the rolls a, a, c, c, and b, b, d, d, have formed a groove or
indentation on each face of the bloom, and near the centre thereof, the
outer, indenting parts c, c, and d, d, are made to gradually slide from
the parts a, a, and b, b, and the sliding rolls e, e, are also made gradually
and
to slide from one another together with the face rolls f, fi f², f²,
by their joint operation the opposite faces of the bloom are indented or
.
is

page_text: shaped, the boss formed, and the edge or periphery of the bloom or
partly made wheel shaped. During the retiring of the sliding rolls e, e.
the required pressure is maintained upon them to form the rim of the
wheel. The face rolls f, f², may either be worked by hand or be
connected together and allowed to recede as the diameter of the bloom
increases.
Instead of employing in this machine a single pair of divided bulbed
rolls two pairs of divided bulb rolls may be used.
Figure 9 represents in side elevation, and Figure 10 in plan, an
arrangement of our Invention, in which a series of bulbed parts is used on
the same roll, the wheel or article under operation being passed from one
part to the other part of the rolls; 1, 1, 2, 2, and 3, 3, are the pairs of bulb
parts of the upper and lower rolls, the said bulb or acting parts forming
between them grooves, through which the bloom is passed in succession,
the said grooves effecting the indenting of the opposite faces of the
bloom; 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, and 12, are the horizontal face rolls, the face
rolls 5 and 6 turning on centres in the housings of the machine.
In using this machine the rolls are coupled in the ordinary way, and
the said rolls are opened to allow the bloom to be passed between the
grooves or pair of bulbs 1, 1, and face roll 5, and against the face roll 7
(see Figure 10). After the bloom has been operated upon by the
grooves 1, 1, and face rolls 5 and 7 the said bloom is removed to the
grooves or pair of bulbs 2, 2, which together with the roll 5 and face
rolls 8, 9, and 10 act upon it, and further shape it and increase its
diameter. The rolls are again opened, and the partly made wheel placed
between the grooves or pair of bulbs 3, 3, by the action of which and
the face rolls 6, 11, and 12 the partly made wheel is further shaped, as
represented. The face rolls 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, and 12 are made to recede
and act upon the bloom in the manner herein-after described.
Figure 11 represents an end elevation of a machine constructed
according to our Invention, consisting of four pair of rolls, and Figure 12
represents a section of two pairs of the rolls separately. The series of
upper rolls is marked a, x, x, x, and the series of lower rolls is marked
y, y, y, y. The said rolls are mounted and turn in strong frames, the said
frames being carried by the revolving shafts z, z. By the rotation of the
said frames and shafts the several rolls of the upper series may be
brought to their corresponding rolls of the lower series, and the required

page_text: succession of pairs of rolls be thereby provided to operate in succession
upon the bloom passed through them. The sectional figure of the rolls is
best seen in Figure 12.
Figure 13 represents in end elevation (partly in cross section) a machine
constructed according to our Invention for rounding or giving a circular
figure to the bloom, and for consolidating the said bloom prior to its being
operated upon by the machines herein-before described. The said
machine consists of three rolls a, b, c, each roll having flanges of large
diameter, as represented in Figure 14. The said rolls may either be
eccentric or be worked under pressure by the quick threaded screws e, e,
and the latter may be coupled together by toothed gearing. By the
operation of the rolls a, b, c, a circular figure is given to the bloom d, and
the said bloom consolidated.
In manufacturing spoke wheels the partly made wheel may be perforated
previous to being finished by rolling, but we prefer to make the wheel by
first rolling it as herein-before described, and afterwards to perforate it by
a radius cutter or otherwise. When the boss of the wheel is perforated
previous to being rolled we use a mandril in the said perforated boss to
prevent it being closed during the rolling operation.
When any particular shape is required in the boss of the wheel or under
the rim of the wheel we pass the partly made wheel through another pair
of rolls to give it the required configuration.
Figure 15 represents railway wheels having different sectional figures,
for the manufacture of which our Invention is applicable. At A à wheel
is represented furnished with a prolonged boss b. made solid with the
wheel.
Figure 16 represents a piston with a piston rod solid thereto, which may
be made by the use of the machinery herein-before described.
The machinery herein-before described is especially applicable to the
manufacture of wheels in which the tyres have a deep internal flange, but
the said machinery is applicable generally to the manufacture of railway
wheels made from blooms or moulds of iron or steel, and to other articles
having a circular figure.
Having now described the nature of our Invention, and the manner in
which the same is to be performed, we wish it to be understood that we
"

page_text: do not limit ourselves to the precise details herein described and
illustrated, as the same may be varied. without departing from the nature
of our Invention; but we claim as our Invention of improvements in
machinery for the manufacture of railway and other wheels and other like
articles,―
:
First. The construction and arrangement or. combination of the parts
of machinery.herein-before described..and illustrated in Figures 1, 2, 3,
4, 5, 6, and 6 of the accompanying Drawings, the,. said, machinery
consisting essentially of a pair of bulbed-shaped rolls, having bulbs of..the
same or of different: diameters, between, which bulbed-shaped rolls the
bloom or mould of iron or steel supported at its periphery by adjustable
face rolls, and a sliding roll having its axis coincident with the axis of
the upper or lower bulb roll is made to perform a. rotatory.motion,, and
is thereby properly shaped on its opposite faces, and at its edge or periphery
the face rolls besides supporting and shaping the edge or periphery of the
bloom or mould also being employed when necessary for consolidating
the bloom or mould, substantially as and for the purpose described and
illustrated.
Secondly. The construction...and: arrangement or combination of the
parts of machinery herein-before described and illustrated in Figures 7
and 8 of the accompanying Drawings, the said machinery consisting
essentially of one or two pairs of bulbed rolls, in which each bulb is
divided into two parts, the outer parts of the said bulbed rolls being
capable of sliding upon the shafts carrying them, so as to recede to the
required distance from. the inner or middle parts of the bulbed rolls, the
said divided bulbed rolls being used in combination, with adjustable, face
rolls, and with a pair of sliding rolls on the axis of the upper or lower
bulbed roll, substantially as and for the purpose described and
illustrated.
Thirdly. The construction and arrangement or combination of the
parts of machinery herein-before described and illustrated in Figures 9
and 10 of the accompanying Drawings, the said machinery consisting of a
pair of rolls having three or other number of pairs of bulbs upon them, the
several pairs of bulbs having different shapes so as to be suitable for
operating in succession upon the bloom or mould passed between them,
and giving to the said bloom or mould the required figure,, the said pairs
of bulbs being used in combination with face, rolls, .,substantially.. as
described and illustrated.

page_text: Fourthly. The construction and arrangement or combination of the parts
of machinery herein-before described and illustrated in Figures 11 and 12
of the accompanying Drawings, the said machinery consisting of pairs of
bulbed rolls with flanges and grooves suitable for shaping and facing the
mould or bloom passed between them, the upper rolls and the lower rolls
being respectively mounted on and revolving in frames, substantially as
described and illustrated.
.
Lastly. The arrangement or combination of the parts of machinery
herein-before described and illustrated in Figures 13 and 14 of the
accompanying Drawings, for giving a circular figure to and consolidating
the bloom or mould prior to its introduction into the machines having
bulbed rolls.
In witness whereof, we, the said Thomas Brown and Ambrose
Beard, the younger, have hereunto set our hands and seals, this
Twelfth day of June, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight
hundred and seventy-six.
Witness,
20
GEORGE SHAW.
THOMAS BROWN.
(L.S.)
AMBROSE BEARD, JUAR. (L.S.)