Improvements in Calculating Machines or Arithmometers.
Year: 1890

page_text: Date of Application, 30th Aug., 1890
Complete Specification Left, 29th May, 1891-Accepted, 29th Aug., 1891
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Calculating Machines or Arithmometers.
I, WILLGODT ODINER of Riguer Prospect 26, St. Petersburg, in the Empire
of Russia, Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
My invention comprises a machine for assisting in calculating or working out
sums of addition, subtraction, inultiplication or division.
The operation of the improved apparatus does not involve any further trouble on
the part of the operator than that required to set the counting numbers by means
of a series of levers, which can be moved in slits on the rounded front-side of the
machine and then to rotate the counting wheels by a crank and if required to adjust
a slide carrying a series of recording-wheels, the desired result will then be shown
through apertures below the slits for the said levers.
Most of the movable parts of the machine arc inclosed and protected by a box
or case on the right hand side of which is arranged a crank and a thumb-piece and
on the left hand side is also arranged a thumb-piece. Within the box or case is
arranged the main shaft which is rotated by means of toothed wheels from the said
crank. To the said main shaft are securely attached a series of counting wheels,
which are provided with nine recesses or sockets to receive the teeth or projections
which can be moved outward from its periphery or moved inward towards its centre
by the levers of a disc having a concentric slot with an angular projection con-
stituting a cam. If the teeth be caused to project or stand out from its periphery
and the counting wheels be rotated by the crank, the said projection will engage
with toothed wheels mounted loose on an intermediate shaft and the said toothed
wheels will also engage with other toothed wheels attached to the recording-wheels
on the lower shaft.
The intermediate and lower shaft have their bearings in the ends of a sliding
portion of the box or case, adapted to slide endwise on a dove-tailed base-plate and
can be locked in any position by means of a lever or spring-stop. The recording
wheels are inclosed and protected by a cover provided with a row of apertures
through which numbers of recording wheels inscribed on its periphery appear.
In the handle of the crank is arranged a spring-stop which will retain the handle
in the catch on the end of the case when left free.
If any number is marked by the levers on the rounded front side of the case, a
corresponding number of teeth are pushed out of the counting-wheels and if then
the crank is rotated once to the right, the above said toothed wheels will cause the
number to be exhibited through the apertures of the cover. The levers are then
adjusted to show a second number to be added and the crank turned as before, which
will cause the recording wheels to rotate correspondingly and thus exhibit the sum
of the two numbers in the said apertures.
For subtraction the process, is, of course reversed. The minuend is set up by
adjusting the levers and the crank is turned as for addition thus causing the minuend
to appear in the lower apertures. The subtrahend is then set up by the levers and
the crank rotated backward or to the left and the remainder also will
appear in the
same apertures.
It will thus be apparent that the mechanical function of the counting wheels is
to rotate the recording-wheels and that the latter will be rotated a peripheral
distance corresponding to the number of teeth that may project from the counting-
wheels and in consequence also corresponding to the number marked by the levers.
The first counting and recording wheels on the right are for units, the next for
tens and so on.

page_text: Multiplication being but a form of addition, the operation is substantially the
same; but a particular manipulation is necessary if the multiplication is above a
unit in value. The said manipulation consists in adjusting all the recording wheels
one decimal place to the right for hundreds, two for thousands and so on, the
recording-wheels being attached to the slide for that purpose.
To indicate for addition, subtraction, multiplication ete, the number of revolutions
made by the counting wheels, a series of recording wheels are employed on the left
of the slide which are rotated by the gear on the main shaft and connected gear,
and the thumb. The said thumb engages another gear which meshes with the
toothed wheel attached to the recording-wheels. By this means the recording-wheels
indicate the number of revolutions made by the citting-wheels.
In order to obtain also additional revolutions on the recording wheels when the
crank is turned to left for subtraction the periphery of each recording-wheel is
inscribed with the numbers 0 to 9 twice over the said numbers being arranged in
opposite directions showing 0 and 9 at one time.
Division being but a form of subtraction, the operation is substantially the saine
and the quotient appears through the apertures of the recording-wheels to the left,
which indicate the number of times the divisor has been subtracted from the
dividend, and the apertures of recording-wheels to the right show the remainder.
It will be seen from the above description how the instrument is manipulated.
I will now describe the device for holding the dises in any position on the
counting-wheels.
The holding device consists of a spring-stop which is pinged in a radial position
in a socket of the counting-wheel. The stop works in frictional contact with the
notches in the inner periphery of the disc. When the dise is adjusted peripherally,
a certain number of teeth is pushed out and the stop moves over a corresponding
number of notches,
The device for carrying the tenths consists of an arrangement on the counting
wheels and the levers, the lower euls of which turn on an upper shaft. The other
end or the heads of the levers are slotted to receive the intermediate shaft. On the
same shaft are also placed between the levers the toothed wheels above mentioned.
Each counting-wheel except the mits-wheel, bears two long pivoted teeth. Those
teeth are pivoted to arms of the counting-wheels. A spring is so connected with
each of the teeth that the latter are pressel Interally to the right in the open
notches formed in the periphery of the wheels. On the end of the series of the
wheels is placed a segment on the main shaft which also bears two such teeth. The
consequence of this construction and arrangement of parts is that, when the main
shaft with the wheels is rotated and the number of figures to be added or multiplied
exceeds ninc units the lateral pin on the left of each recording-wheel pushes up the
lever and the interior spring-stop keeps the said lever in this position, the pivoted
tooth passes a semicircular projection or rib around the head of the lever to the
left, in doing which it will engage a tooth of the lateral wheel of the next. recording-
wheel on the left and thus move such wheel the distance of one tooth, thereby
carrying ten. The function of the lever is then performed and it becomes necessary
to force it back to its original position and this is effected by a cam or boss between
the counting-wheels. One of the teeth on the wheels serve for carrying the tenths,
when the crank is rotated on the right, that is to say for addition and multiplication.
the other tooth performs the same function for subtraction and division.
Each recording-wheel is held fixed in any position by an automatic device
consisting of a spring-lever on the shaft which is pressed against the lateral toothed-
wheel of the recording-wheels. The stress of the springs will overcome the inertia
of the recording-wheels, but is not sufficient to prevent the easy operation of it by
the counting-wlicels.
When the recording-wheels have been moved or rotated from the zero position
and a new addition or other uumerial operation is to be performed it is necessary to
carry them back to zero, that is to say, back to such position that the zeros or
ciphers on their peripherios will appear through the apertures on the left and the

page_text: right of the slide. To do this I arrange the shaft, consisting of two pieces, the
ends of which are placed in a common bearing in the partition-wall of the slide.
Each piece of the shaft is provided with thumb-pieces fixed on its outer ends. In
the following I have only described the function of one thumb-piece of the recording-
wheels, because the other thumb-piece performs the same function in connection
with the other recording-wheels.
The shaft is provided with a series of radial fingers or lugs which will engage
corresponding fingers or lugs projecting inwardly from the hollow hubs of the
recording-wheels. The shaft is pressed toward the left by a spiral spring and is
drawn toward the right, so as to bring its lugs in engagement with the lugs of the
recording-wheels by a fixed cam or notched annular boss on the end of the case
with which the thumb-piece works in frictional contact. When the edge of the
thumb-piece enters the notch in the boss, it allows the shaft to be pushed to the left
by the spring and the recording-wheels are then free to rotate; but if the latter
are not at zero, then the rotation of the thumb-piece will draw the respective lugs
into engagement and cause the recording-wheels to turn back to zero.
Dated this 30th day of August 1800
HASELTINE, LAKE & Co.,
45, Southampton Buildings, London, Agents for the Applicant.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Calculating Machines or Arithmometers.
I, WILLGODT ODINER of Rigaer Prospect 26, St. Petersburg in the Empire of
Russia, Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement:—
My invention comprises a machine for assisting in calculating or working out
sums of addition, subtraction, multiplication or division.
The operation of the improved apparatus does not involve any further trouble on
the part of the operator than that required to set the counting numbers by means
of a series of levers, which can be moved in slots on the rounded front side of the
machine and then to rotate the counting wheels by a crank and if required to adjust
a slide carrying a series of recording-wheels, the desired result will then be shown
through apertures below the slots for the said levers.
In the accompanying drawing I have shown how my said invention may be
conveniently and advantageously carried into practice.
In the said drawings
Figure 1 is a front clevation of the machine with part of the case broken away
to show the interior mechanism.
(L-
Figure 2 is a cross-section of the machine on the line 3 of Figure 1.
Figure 2 is a right hand side elevation partly in section of the machine.
Figure 2B is a right hand side elevation of the parts shown in Figures 5 and 6.
Figure 2 is a left hand side elevation of the parts shown in Figures 5 and 6.
Figure 2" is a right hand side elevation of the arrangement of registering wheels
and parts connected therewith.
Figure 3 shows a top view or plan of the machine, and
Figures to 7 inclusive are detail views of the machine.
Most of the movable parts of the machine are enclosed and protected by a box or
case on the right-hand side of which is arranged a crank band a thumb nut c and
on the left hand side is also arranged a thumb nut d (Figures 1 and 3). Within
the box or case a is arranged the main shaft which is rotated by means of toothed
wheels and from the said crank b. To the said main shafte are securely
attached a series of counting-wheels h which are provided with nine recesses or
sockets (Figure 2) to receive the teeth or projections which can be moved outward

page_text: "
from its periphery or moved inward towards its centre by the levers & of a disc /
having a concentric slot m with an angular projection constituting a cam. If the
teeth he caused to project or stand out from its periphery and the counting-wheels /
be rotated by the crank b, the said projection will engage with toothed wheels n,
mounted loose on an intermediate shaft o, and the said toothed wheels a will also
engage with other toothed wheels attached to the recording-wheels on the lower
shaft y. The intermediate and lower shafts o and q have their bearings in the
endsands of a sliding portion of the box or case adapted to slide endwise on a
dove-tailed base-plate , and can be lockel in any position by means of a lever or
spring-stop (Figure 2). The recording-wheels are inclosed and protected by
a cover we provided with a row of apertures through which the numbers of recording
wheels pinscribed on its periphery (Figures 1 and 3) appear.
In the handle of the crank is arranged a spring-stop, which will retain the
handle in the catch on the end of the case a when left free (Figure 4). In this
position of the crank the levers & of the dises are at the zero point on the
rounded front side of the ease a, below which are placed the ciphers 1 to 9
(Figures 1 and 3).
If any number is marked by levers on the rounded front-side of the case a, a
corresponding number of pins or teeth are pushed out of the counting-wheels h and
if then the crank is rotated once to the right as indicated by the arrow pointing
to + or "add" on the right hand end of the ease a (Figures 1 and 3) the above
mentioned toothed wheels will cause the number to be exhibited through the
apertures of the cover ir. The levers & are then adjusted to shew a second number
to be added and the crank turned as before, which will cause the recording-
wheels p to rotate correspondingly and thus exhibit the sum of the two numbers in
the said apertures.
For subtraction the process is, of course, reversed. The minuend is set up by
adjusting the levers k and the crank is turned as for addition, thus causing the
minuend to appear in the lower apertures. The subtrahend is then set up by the
levers and the crank rotated backward or to the left as indicated by the arrow
pointing to or "subtraction" and the remainder also will appear in the same
apertures.
It will thus be apparent that the mechanical function of the counting-wheels his
to rotate the recording wheels and that the latter will be rotated a peripheral
distance corresponding to the number of teeth i that may project from the counting-
wheels and in consequence also corresponding to the number marked by the lovers k.
The first counting and recording wheels on the right are for units the next for
tens and so on.
Multiplication being but a form of addition the operation is substantially the same,
but a particular manipulation is necessary if the multiplication is above a unit in
value. The said manipulation consists in adjusting all the recording wheels pone
decimal place to the right for hundreds two for thousands and so on, the recording
wheels being attached to the slide for that purpose.
To indicate for addition, subtraction multiplication etc, the number of revolutions
made by the counting wheels a series of recording wheels y are employed on the
left of the slide Figure 1 which are rotated by the gear on the main shaft and
gear a and the thumb or projection. The said thumb engages another gear
which meshes with the toothed wheel attached to the recording-wheels y. By this
means the recording wheels y indicate the number of revolutions made by the
counting-wheels h.
In order to obtain also additional revolutions on the recording-wheels y when the
crank is turned to left for subtraction the periphery of each recording-wheel is
inscribed with the numbers 0 to 9 twice over the said numbers being arranged in
opposite directions showing 0 and 9 at one time.
Division being but a form of subtraction, the operation is substantially the same
and the quotient appears through the apertures of the recording-wheels y to the
left which indicate the number of times the divisor has been substracted from the

page_text: dividend, and the apertures of recording-wheels p to the right show the remainder.
It will be seen from the above description how the instrument is manipulated.
I will now describe the device for holding the disks in any position on the
counting wheels (Figures 2 24, 2B, 2º, 2º and 5).
The holding device consists of a spring stop d' which is placed in a radial position
in a socket of the counting wheel h. The stop d' works in frictional contact with
the notches in the inner periphery of the disc. When the dise / is adjusted
peripherally, a certain number of teeth i is pushed out and the stop d' moves over
a corresponding number of notches.
The device for carrying the tenths consists of an arrangement on the counting-
wheels and the levers e, the lower ends of which turn on the shaft 1. The other
end or the heads of the levers are slotted to receive the intermediate shaft o as
shown in Figure 2. On the same shaft o are also placed between the levers the
toothed wheels n above mentioned. Each counting-wheel except the units-wheel,
bears two long pivoted teeth. These teeth are pivoted to arms of the counting-
wheels h. A spring is so connected with each of the teeth that the latter are
pressed laterally to the right in the open notches formed in the periphery of the
wheels. On the end of the series of the wheels is placed a segment on the
main shafte which also bears two such teeth. The consequence of this construction
and arrangement of parts is that, when the main shaft e with the wheels is rotated
and the number of figures to be added or multiplied exceeds nine units the lateral
pin on the left of each recording-wheel pushes up the levere and the interior
spring-stop keeps the said lever e' in this position, the pivoted tooth passes a
semi-circular projection or rib around the head of the lever el to the left, in doing
which it will engage with a tooth of the lateral disc of the next recording-wheel on
the left and thus move such wheel the distance of one tooth, thereby carrying ten.
The function of the lever e¹ is then performed and it becomes necessary to force it
back to its original position and this is effected by a cam or boss m' between the
counting-wheels h. One of the teeth on the wheels serve for carrying the
tenths, when the crank is rotated to the right that is to say for addition and
multiplication, the other tooth performs the same function for subtraction and
division.
Each recording-wheel pandy is held fixed in any position by an automatic
device consisting of a spring-lever on the shaft o' which is pressed against the
lateral toothed-wheel of the recording-wheels Figure 2. The stress of the springs
will overcome the inertia of the recording-wheels, but is not sufficient to prevent
the easy operation of it by the counting-wheels h.
When the recording-wheels and have been moved or rotated from the zero
position and a new addition or other numerical operation is to be performed it is
necessary to move them back to zero, that is to say, back to such position that the
zeros or ciphers on their peripheries will appear through the apertures on the left
and the right of the slide 1. To do this I arrange the shafty, consisting of two
pieces, the ends of which are placed in a common bearing in the partition-wall g of
the slide t. Each piece of the shaft is provided with thumb-pieces c and d, fixed
on its outer ends. In the following I have only described the function of one
thumb-piece c of the recording-wheels p, because the other thumb-piece a performs
the same function in connection with the other recording-wheels y.
ፃ
The shaft リ is provided with a series of radial fingers or lugs (Figure 5) which
will engage corresponding fingers or lugs projecting inwardly from the hollow
hubs of the recording-wheels . The shaft is pressed toward the left by a spiral
spring and is drawn toward the right, so as to bring its lugs in engagement
with the lugs s' of the recording-wheels p by a fixed cam or notched annular boss n
on the end of the case a, with which the thumb-piece works in frictional contact.
When the edge of the thumb-piece enters the notch in the boss u³, it allows the
shaft to be pushed to the left by the spring w' and the recording-wheels pare
then free to rotate but if the latter are not at zero, then the rotation of the
thumb-piece will draw the respective lugs ', ' into engagement and cause the

page_text: recording-wheels p to turn back to zero. Figure 7 shows the same device in
the recording-wheels y.
To operate the machine, the direction of rotation of the crank is indicated by
arrows on the right end of the case a (Figures 1 and 3). The arrow and the points
on the left end of the slide are for indicating the displacement of the counting-
wheels and the recording wheels p from one another.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed declare that whai 1
claim is:
First. In a calenlating machine a number of counting-wheels fixed on a shaft e
provided with the dises / having a concentric slo: m with an angular projection
constituting a cam, moving in and out the series of teeth from its periphery as
well as the pivoted tooth for carrying the tenths, all constructed and arrangeil as
shown and described, ant for the purpose specifiol,
Second. In a calculating machine the spring-stop d' attached to the counting-
wheels and neting constantly on the notched dise 1, thus preventing an over-
rotation of the dise 7, as specified.
I'
Third. In a calculating omchine a number of revolving-wheel-p with the
toothe part and the part having its periphery inscrites with the cipher and nine
digits, moved by the toothed wheel, and the latter engaged by the teeth of the
counting-wheels and the lugs s' projecting inwardly from the hollow hubs of the
recording-wheels and y, in which rotates the shaft y provided with the fingers al
am the lateral pin the recording-wheel- which
P
the leverse, all
combined as shown and d. scribed, for the purpose specified.
Fourth. In calculating machine the spring lever- a', which are pressed against
the lateral toothed wheel of the reconling-wheels and, thus preventing an over
rotation of the sail reconling-wheels, as specified.
י
pushes
יווי
Fifth. In a calculating machine, the combination of the thumb-piece e and d,
the notched annular bosses a', with which the thumb-pieces and d work in
frictional contact, the shaft y consisting of two pieces, as well as the lugs ♬ and st
on said recording-wheel, and the spring, as described, whereby the rotation of
the shaft will carry all the recording-wheels p and back to the zero point, as
shown and described.
Sixth. In a calculating machine the gears and a' the thumb or projection l³ on
the gear a', engaging the toothed wheels which rotate the toothed wheels on the
recording-wheels, as specified.
Seventh. In a enlenlating machine the lateral movement of the recording-
wheels pandy against the counting-wheels k and the thumb by means of the
slide t, which i' locked vidwise by the spring-stop, as shown and described.
Eighth. In a calculating machine a crank with a handle having a spring-stop .r,
retained by a catch on the case a and thus fixing the crank 6 in a certain position
and the gears and g, which rotate the counting-wheels with the shaft e, as
specified.
Ninth. In a calculating machine the levers, the lower ends of which turn on
the shaft and the head of the levers slotted to receive the shaft o and thus
mediating the fimetion between the recording-wheels p and the counting-wheels h
which is necessary for carrying the tenths and also the bosses m' replacing the
leverse to its original position, all as shown and described.
Tanah L... 1901
HASELTINE, LAKE & Co.,
45, Southampton Buildings, London, Agents for the Applicant.