Improvements relating to the Process and Means for Clarifying and Filtering Liquids.
Year: 1894

page_text: Date of Application, 1st Jan., 1994
Complete Specification Left, 1st Oct., 1894-Accepted, 1st Jan., 1895
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements relating to the Process and Means for Clarifying and
Filtering Liquids.
We, ANTON WILHELM THEODOR HÜLSSNER Architect, and FRIEDRICH
WILHELM PAUL RÖHRIG, Chemist, both of Leipzig in the Empire of Germany
do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
This invention relates to the removal of solid matters from liquids and is
principally intended for the treatment of water first by a method of decantation
whereby the heavier impurities fall to the bottom of the clarifying chamber and
secondly by filtration whereby the finer particles are removed.
The liquid traverses the clarifying and the filtering chambers under the principle
of, or analogous to that of the syphon, these chambers being closed above and
subject to a sufficient diminution of interior pressure to cause the liquid to ascend
over the dividing partitions and equivalent arrangements therein.
The clarifying chamber is transversely divided by hollow partitions, preferably
two in number extending upward from the floor to near the roof and forming each
a shed like construction under which the atmospheric air may pass so that the air
pressure may prevent the liquid rising in the space in the interior of the partition
through the holes left at the base for removal of the sediment, for which purpose
the said space serves as a passage way wherein rails may be laid for sludge trucks
or wherein other suitable mechanical arrangements may be placed for removal of
said sediment.
The liquid flowing into the clarifying chamber ascends over the said partitions
and issues near the floor at the other end into a conduit leading the liquid so far
purified, to the filtering chamber.
In the filtering chamber rises the filter which may be curved in the shape of a
segment of a circle and supported by arms from the centre of the circle so that it
may be swung out at the base of the chamber for cleaning or renewal. The
filtering plates are radially arranged in the filter and spaced with lateral dividing
flanges or walls in such a way that the liquid entering at the sides or outside of the
curve of the filter, passing between each pair of plates, traverses the said plates
and arrives in the intermediate spaces which communicate with an outflow channel
connected by a union to the delivery pipe which carries off the filtered liquid.
Dated this 1st day of January 1894.
R. HADDAN,
Agent for Applicants.

page_text: Improvements relating to the Process and Means for Clarifying and
Filtering Liquids.
We ANTON WILHELM THEODOR HÜLSSNER, Architect, and FRIEDRICH
WILHELM PAUL RÖHRIG, Chemist both of Leipzig in the Empire of Germany,
do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement :-
This invention relates to the removal of solid matters from liquids and is
principally intended for the treatment of water of any impure quality, such as
sewage and other effluent or refuse water, first by a method of decantation whereby
the heavier impurities fall to the bottom of the clarifying chamber and secondly by
filtration whereby the finer particles are removed.
The liquid traverses the clarifying and the filtering chambers under the principle
of or analogous to that of the syphon, these chambers being closed above and
subject to a sufficient diminution of interior pressure to cause the liquid to ascend
over the dividing partitions and equivalent arrangements therein.
This improved construction which is described hereinafter is illustrated in the
annexed drawing in which
Fig. 1 is a sectional plan view of the clarifying and filtering arrangement.
Fig. 2 a longitudinal section thereof.
Fig. 3 a cross section of the syphon clarifying chamber.
Fig. 4 a vertical section of a filter to receive the liquid to be filtered in its
interior in a contrary fashion to the filter shown in Figs. 1 and 2, in which latter
the liquid filters from outside into the interior.
Fig. 5 is a cross section of the filter shown in Fig. 4.
Figs. 6 to 12 represent various appliances, to be inserted into the body of the
filter.
The clarifying chamber serves to free the water from coarser admixtures such as
mud and is for this purpose constructed in the following manner.
In a syphon clarifying chamber A air-tightly closed at the top which according
to the quantity of the water or substance to be clarified, is made on a larger or
smaller scale, two vertically arranged hollow partitions B, B' are built, the interior
space C of which is in open relation with the remainder of the chamber at or near
its base and can be traversed by a railway a or any other appropriate device.
The spaces C of the partitions B, B¹, may be in communication with the
atmospheric air, while the remainder of the inner space of the clarifying chamber
is kept under a partial vacuum so that owing to the pressure in the partition
spaces C exceeding the pressure in the remainder of the vessel, the water in the
interior of the chamber which had entered at b, does not rise in the spaces C but
passes over the apex d of the partition B, thence flows slowly over into the funnel
shaped central part D of the vessel between the partitions and after having filled
the latter, also flows over the apex of the partition B' into E and lastly leaves
the syphon-clarifying chamber at f
The water entering at 6 into the syphon clarifying chamber rises therein very
slowly, so that the solid matter has time to separate and fall. The rate of flow
will depend on the difference of level between the inlet b and outlet for in other
words flow through the chamber A is caused by the supply being at a higher level
than the discharge as in syphons generally.
The mud settles down to the lowest point of the syphon clarifying chamber in
collecting grooves g h, i and is thence taken out, and by means of skips, chain and
bucket elevators, dredgers or other devices removed for further treatment if desired,

page_text: the railway a being arranged for this purpose in the lower part of the spaces
within the partitions B, B1.
The water, when freed from the coarse mud and similar admixtures and flowing
off at fis then passed through the duct F (Figs. 1 and 2) to the filter.
The filter may be of the following construction :-The filtering action is
produced by a transverse passage of the liquid through strata arranged spirally or
in superposed planes.
The filtering strata Gare formed as a mantel, which may also be cylindrically or
conically or otherwise shaped and the filtering body may consist of wire wound
over, wrapped or enclosed with any suitable porous filtering material, this wrapped
wire being then wound spirally or placed in layers one above the other so as to
constitute a hollow body.
The filtering body Ġ thus formed is inserted between two disks H, J in such .:
manner as to be capable of being pressed together more or less firmly by the aid
of adjusting screws K. The liquid is caused to pass through the syphon clarifying
and filtering chambers in an analogous manner, the liquid being fed from the
clarifying chamber, into the space L of the filtering chamber by the production of
a partial vacuum analogous to that in the space A.
The space L is that surrounding the filtering body G so that the clarified liquid
has to penetrate said filtering body from outside and flows off from its inside
through the outlet pipe in purified condition (see Fig. 2).
The liquid to be filtered may however also, according to the representation in
Fig. 4, be passed into the interior of the filtering body & so that the flow off takes
place from outside, in which case the feeding may likewise be operated by a
syphoning device.
In order to protect the filtering body against being laterally disjointed and
damaged, protecting appliances M such as illustrated in Figs. 6 to 12 are placed
inside the filtering body. These appliances consist of frames carrying longitudinal
ribs or bars or series of pivoted bars similar to lazy tongs.
The wrapped wires of which the filtering body is composed may also be arranged
side by side in straight longitudinal direction and the construction may be such
that strips of filtering fabric are attached to and stretched by or between single
parallel wires, which method may also be applied to spiral windings.
The cross section of the filter may be of various shapes for instance circular
elliptical, angular, etc.
The important feature of this improved arrangement is not only its extraordinary
working capacity but also the possibility of readily and conveniently dismounting
entirely the filtering surface in the shortest time for cleaning purposes, this being
done by merely loosening the screws.
Furthermore the filtering capacity can be regulated by the compression of the
disks H. J. The dimensions of the syphon chamber A. and the size of the filter G
are varied according to the capacity of the installation.
The whole cleaning or purifying system has its principal importance in the fact
that it removes from water or other liquid the coarse admixtures, in which process,
owing to the utilization of the syphon action, mechanical movement of the water
to be purified is obviated.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what we
claim is :-
For clarifying and filtering liquids.
1. A syphon clarifying chamber closed above and divided by hollow partitions
extending upward to near the top of said chamber, said partitions having openings
at or near their bases for access to the sludge deposited in said chamber from the
liquid passing through said chamber.
2. The method of removing the sludge from a liquid consisting in passing same
through a synhon clarifying chamber over hollow partitions therein, the interior

page_text: spaces of which communicate with the interior space of the chamber near or at
their bases, the air pressure within the partitions being superior to that in the
chamber for the purpose set forth.
3. The combination with the clarifying chamber described in Claim 1, of a
filtering chamber containing a hollow filtering vessel having filtering walls, the
inlet and outlet to said chamber respectively communicating, one with the space
outside said vessel, and the other with the space inside said vessel.
4. The construction of clarifying and filtering chambers substantially as herein
described.
1004
R. HADDAN,
Of the Firm of Herbert Haddan & Co.,
18, Buckingham Street, Strand, London, W.C.,
Agent for the Applicants.