IMPROVEMENTS IN BUSHING MATERIAL, AND IN JOURNAL AND OTHER BEARINGS PROVIDED THEREWITH
Year: 1882

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Robert Lake, of the firm of Haseltine, Lake,
1
and Co. Patent Agents, Southampton Buildings, London, for an Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN BUSHING MATERIAL, AND IN JOURNAL AND OTHER
BEARINGS PROVIDED THEREWITH." Communicated to him from abroad by
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Robert Lake at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 6th October 1882.
<c
WILLIAM ROBERT LAKE, of the firm of Haseltine, Lake, and Co., Patent Agents,
Southampton Buildings, London, IMPROVEMENTS IN BUSHING MATERIAL, AND IN
JOURNAL AND OTHER BEARINGS PROVIDED THEREWITH." [A communication to
him from abroad by George F. Senter, of New York United States of America.]
This invention relates to an improved composition for forming bearings for
shafts or spindles, and for similar purposes, also to an improved form of constructing
the rough metallic parts of the bearings so as to render the combination there with
of the said composition cheap, efficient, and durable; the said bearings being in
some instances provided with grooves or air channels for allowing atmospheric
air to pass through between the journal or spindle and the bearing for the purpose
of keeping them cool.
According to the said invention I provide a metallic shell or casing for holding
the said composition to form a bearing for a horizontal shaft, a vertical shaft.or
spindle, or to form a step for a vertical shaft. In either case these castings or
shells need only be formed roughly inside, that is to say, they may be used in
the rough state just as they come from the foundry, no inside turning, boring, or
finishing being required. The bearing surface is formed of a lining or bush
consisting of the following materials, manufactured in the manner hereinafter
described. The material which I have found best adapted to this purpose, is a
mixture of talc or mica, and plumbago, in about equal parts, by weight, togetlier
with as much fibrous binding material as there is of the before mentioned

page_text: materials combined, that is to say, one part (by weight) of talc or mica, one part
of plumbago, and two parts of the fibrous binding material. These proportions,
however, are not arbitrary and may be somewhat varied for different purposes.
The tale.or mica is ground or crushed so as to leave, as far as possible, the laininæ
unbroken, the plumbago is finely ground or powdered, and the fibrous binding
inaterial is well separated and picked, and the latter should be preferably not too
long in the fibre. The fibre used for this purpose may be either animal, such as
fine hair or wool, vegetable, such as fine flax or jute, or mineral, such as asbestos.or
mineral wool.
The before mentioned materials are thoroughly mixed and incorporated
together in a suitable vessel, or mixing mill, and during the mixing there is added
to the mass a strongly adhesive, sizing, such as liquid silicate of soda or liquid
silicate of potash, sufficient in quantity to form the mass into a stiff paste. This
paste while still in a plastic condition is pressed into the shell or casing, thus
forming the lining or bush. These bushes may be pressed into their retaining
sliells, around a mandril or former, so as to leave the bearing complete and ready
for use, or they may be pressed in solidly, and then bored and turned so as to fit
the journal or spindle they are intended to support. In either case the material
will indurato in the surrounding casing, and forin a hard and durable bearing,
which will require no oil or other lubrication, the anti-frictional properties of the
plumbago alone being sufficient, when compounded in the manner described, to
cause all shifts in bearings thus made to run smooth and cool, with any desirable
attainment of speed.
In the case of cotton and silk mill spindles or other bearings where an
exceedingly high rate of speed is desired, 1 introduce air grooves or passages in
the substance of the bush and in the bearing portion thereof. These air grooves
may be made straight through the bearing, in lines parallel with the axis of the
journal or spindle, or they may be made spirally, so as to allow the rotation of the
journal or spindle to assist in drawing or driving the air through these ducts. In
the case of the step of a spindle or vertical shaft, where these air grooves cannot
pass entirely through the length of the bearing, I introduce lateral ducts radially
through the sides of the bearing; in either of these cases the air ducts will permit
a continuous current of cool air to flow through between the spindle and bearing.
In the case of mill spindles, it has usually been the custom to form the collar of
the spindle larger at the top than at the bottom, so as to allow the oil or lubricant
to flow easily down, and thereby readily oil or lubricate the bearing. In these
improved bearings, however, this old form of construction is entirely unnecessary
inasmuch as no lubricant will be required or used, the collar of the spindle will be
made cylindrical, and the looseness and play that was required in the old form of
construction will be entirely obviated, and the bearings thereby much improved

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said William Robert Lake in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
6th April 1883.
WILLIAM ROBERT LAKE, of the firm of Haseltine, Lake & Co, Patent Agents,
Southampton Buildings London "IMPROVEMENTS IN BUSHING MATERIAL AND IN
JOURNAL AND OTHER BEARINGS PROVIDED THEREWITH" a communication to me
from abroad by George F. Senter of New York United States of America
This invention relates to an improved composition for forming bearings for
shafts or spindles, and for similar purposes, also to an improved form of constructing
the rough metallic parts of the bearings so as to render the combination therewith
of the said composition cheap, efficient and durable; arrangements are also made
to introduce atmospheric air to the bearings of the spindles or other journals, so as
to ensure coolness'in running.
In the accompanying drawing, of which,
Figures 1 and 2 are respectively a longitudinal sectional elevation, and an end
elevation of a bearing fitted with the improved composition bearings.
Figure 3 shows a mill spindle in elevation with its step and collar bearings
in section, the said bearings being lined with the improved composition and
provided with grooves or air channels, for allowing atmospheric air to pass between
the journal or spindle and the bearing for the purpose of keeping them cool.
Figure 4 is a sectional elevation of a spindle bolster, fitted with the improved
bushing.
Figure 5 is a sectional plan of the spindle collar and
Figure 6 is a sectional plan of the step for the spindle
The metallic shell or casing for holding the said composition to form a bearing
for a horizontal shaft, may have the form shown at A, A', and for a vertical shaft
or spindle a collar B or a step C. In either case, these castings or shells need only
be formed roughly inside, that is to say, they may be used in the rough state just
as they come from the foundry, no inside turning, boring, or finishing being
required. The bearing surface is formed of a lining or bushing D consisting of the
following materials, manufactured in the manner hereinafter described. The
material which I have found best adapted to this purpose, is a mixture of talc or
mica, and plumbago, in about equal parts, by weight, together with as much fibrous
binding material, as there is of the before mentioned materials combined, that is to
say, one part (by weight) of tale or mica, one part of plumbago, and two parts of
the fibrous binding material. These proportions however are not arbitrary and
may be somewhat varied for different purposes. The talc or mica is ground or
crushed, so as to leave, as far as possible, the laminae unbroken, the plumbago is
finely ground or powdered, and the fibrous binding material is well separated and
picked, and the latter should be preferably not too long in the fibre. The fibre
üsed for this purpose may be either animal, such as fine air or wool, vegetable, such
as fine flax or jute, or mineral, such as asbestos or mineral wool.
The before mentioned materials are thoroughly mixed and incorporated together,
in a suitable vessel or mixing mill, and during the mixing there is added to the
mass, a strongly adhesive sizing such as liquid silicate of soda or liquid silicate of
potash, sufficient in quantity to form the mass into a stiff paste. This paste while
still in a plastic condition is pressed into the shells or casings A, A, B or C, as
the case may be, thus forming the lining or bush D These bushes may be pressed
into their retaining shells, around a mandril or former, so as to leave the bearing
complete and ready for use, or they may be pressed in solidly, and then bored and

page_text: turned, so as to fit the journal or spindle they are intended to support. In either
case the material will indurate in the surrounding casing, and form a hard and
durable bearing, which will require no oil or other lubrication the anti-frictional
properties of the plumbago alone being sufficient, when compounded in the manner
described, to cause all shafts in bearings thus made to run smoothly and cool, with
any desirable attainment of speed
In the case of cotton and silk mill spindles, or other bearings where an
exceedingly higli rate of speed is desired, I introduce air grooves or passages d, in
the substance of the bush and in the bearing portion thereof: These air grooves
may be made straight through the bearing, in lines parallel with the axis of the
journal
or spindle, or they may be made spirally, so as to allow the rotation of the
journal or spindle to assist in drawing or driving the air through theso ducts.
In the
case of the step of a spindle or vertical shaft, where these air grooves d
cannot pass entirely through the length of the bearing, I introduce lateral ducts d'
radially through the sides of the bearing, as shown in Figures 3 and 6. In either
of tliese cases the air ducts will permit a continuous current of cool air to flow
through between the spindle and bearing and thereby any bearing may be kept
perfectly cool. In the case of inill spindles it has usually been the custom to form
the collar of the spindle, larger at the top than at the bottom, so as to allow the
oil or lubricant to flow easily down, and thereby readily oil or lubricate the
bearing. In these improved bearings, however, this old form of construction is
entirely unnecessary, inasmuch as no lubricant will be required or used, the collar
of the spindle will be made cylindrical and the looseness and play that was
required in the old form of construction will be entirely obviated, and the bearings
thereby much improved.
C
Having thus fully described the said invention as communicated to ine by my
foreign correspondent and the manner of performing the same I wish it understood
that I claim.
First A bearing for a shaft or spindle, formed of a rough metallic shell or
casting having an internal cavity or cavities for receiving the bush or lining D,
which bush or lining is formed of the plastic anti-friction material herein described,
and is pressed into the said cavity or cavities, substantially as, and for the purpose,
set forth.
d
Second. The bush or lining D for a journal or spindle bearing, provided with
grooves extending longitudinally by the side of the journal or spindle, and con-
tiguous tlieroto, so as to permit a cooling blast or current of air to flow.continuously
through the bearing, substantially as, and for the purpose, specified.
Third. The plastic bushing material herein described, and formed by mixing
ground or pulverized talc or mica, and ground or powdered plumbago, with a fibrous
binding material and a strong size, such as liquid silicate of soda, or liquid silicate
of potash, substantially as described.
In witness whereof I the said William Robert Lake have hereunto set my
hand and seal this sixth day of April in the year of our Lord One.
thousand eight hundred and eighty three.