Year: 1886

page_text: I, FIRMIN SILVAIN LEPINTE of Vincennes, France, Veterinary Surgeon do
hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
My invention relates to an improved roughing for horse shoes, which consists in
forming in the shoe special holes for the reception of peculiarly formed roughing
nails or studs, having a strong head followed by a tapering neck and thinner
shank, which is driven into the tapering hole, so that after the sbank has been
bent over and hammered tightly down over the upper outer edge of the shoe, a
portion of the tapering neck, together with the head will project down beyond the
shoe so as to constitute an effectual roughing. Thus it will be seen that this
invention may be readily applied to horse shoes no matter how worn, as it requires
no special tool for its application beyond those ordinarily used in making horse
shoes, the shoe itself requiring no further preparation than the forming four extra
holes of tapering form, two of these being in the heel of the shoe and two near
the toe.
Although I prefer to make the roughing studs with a special head, which may be
either square, polygonal or round, yet they may also be constructed with simply the
tapering neck and the shank. The shank is formed with an outward curve, either
at the time of manufacture or just before use, and its end is formed with a sharp
chisel-shaped point. Thus on driving the stud into the hole the curved shank,
instead of penetrating the hoof, will penetrate in an outward lateral direction
between the meeting surfaces of the hoof and shoe, and will project out over the
upper edge of the latter. Upon then giving the projecting end a strong pull with
the pincers and at the same time striking the head inward with a sharp blow, an
angular shoulder will be formed on the shank at the upper face of the shoe, after
which the projecting end is bent down sharply over the edge of the shoe by a
sharp blow with the hammer.

page_text: I, FIRMIN SILVAIN LEPENTE, of Vincennes, France, Veterinary Surgeon, do
hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to
be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement :-
My invention relates to an improved roughing for horse shoes which consists in
forming in the shoe special holes for the reception of peculiarly formed roughing
nails or studs, having a strong head followed by a tapering. neck and thinner
shank, which is driven into the tapering hole, so that after the shank has been
bent over and hammered tightly down over, the upper outer edge of the shoe, a
portion of the tapering neck, together with the head, will project down beyond
the shoe so as to constitute an effectual roughing. Thus it will be seen that this
invention may be readily applied to horse shoes, no matter how worn, as it requires
no special 'tool for its application beyond those ordinarily used in making horse
shoes, the shoe itself requiring no further preparation than the forming of four
extra holes of tapering form, two of these being in the heel of the shoe and two
near the toe.
The invention will be readily understood on reference to the accompanying
drawing, in which Fig. 1 shews'a side view and Fig. 2 a plan of the horse 'shoe
with the roughing applied to it, Figs. 3, 4 and 5 shew different forms of the
roughing nails, and Fig. 6 shews a section through the shoe with the roughing
nail fixed thereto.
The horse shoe is made with the ordinary holes for nailing on and in addition
it has four tapering holes formed straight through it for the reception of the
roughing nails, two a a¹ at the heel ends and two others 6 6¹ near the toe, the
holes being made with a taper exactly corresponding to the taper of the roughing
studs as shewn more clearly at Fig. 6.
Should these holes become deformed somewhat on bending the shoe when fitting
it exactly to the horse's hoof, they should afterwards be brought to the proper
shape again by driving in the punch or die used in forming the 'holes. This may
also be done, with regard to the two rearmost holes for the ordinary nails, which
might in need also serve for receiving the roughing studs.
The holes for the roughing studs must be sufficiently splayed to enable the
punch or die to deliver easily' therefrom, and they should be formed as near as
practicable to the outer edge of the shoe.
The roughing studs, which are conveniently made in or two or more different
sizes, to suit different sized shoes are shewn 'in side view, front view' and plan in
two varieties at Figs. 3, 4 and 5. They consist of the shank d, the neck c and the
head f. The neck, which may either be of square section, as at Fig. 3, or oblong
as at Figs. 4 and 5, is formed with a suitable taper from the head to the shank,
which in Fig. 3 is formed with a suitable outward curvature and has a sharp
chisel-shaped end d. The head ƒ may either be square, as at Fig. 3, or round as
at Fig. 5.

page_text: For fixing on the roughing studs, assuming the shoe to be secured in the ordinary
manner to the boof, the farrier, holding the stud with its head inclined slightly
outwards and the shank inserted in the hole, drives it in with gentle blows, where-
upon the curved end of the shank will appear between the upper outer edge of the
shoe and the hoof, the curved form of the shank causing it of itself to pass out-
wards between the shoe and hoof and to curve over the edge of the shoe as the
stud is driven in.
Should the hole in the shoe not be situated sufficiently near the edge to enable
the shank of the stud to penetrate outwards as described, a passage may be formed
for it in the first instance by driving a punch in between the shoe and the hoof at
the corresponding place where the shank has to penetrate.
For securing the stud when driven in as described, the projecting shank is first
siezed with the pincers and is pulled firmly in an upward direction, and after
striking firmly against the head while still holding the shank with the pincers so
as to form an angular bend on the shank where it passes out of the hole in the
shoe, the free end of the shank is then bent sharply downwards over the edge of
the shoe by striking it with the hammer, when it will be firmly secured in position
as shown at Fig. 6.
For afterwards removing the stud again, the bent shank is opened out by a
chisel or punch, whereupon the stud will be readily extracted by simply striking
the head in the outward direction while holding the hoof in a raised position,
when it will either fall out of itself, or be readily pulled out with the pincers.
It will be evident that owing to the simple mode of fixing the roughing studs,
they may be readily secured by any one without the aid of a farrier, or any special
tools, an old horse shoe or a stone being sufficient to drive them in and rivet them
down.
The shank of the stud may be left straight by the manufacturer, as shewn at
Fig. 4, and only be bent to the required extent before insertion in the shoe.
Although I prefer to make the studs with a special head as shewn, yet they may
also be employed without this.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim is :-
1. An improved roughing for horse shoes, consisting in tapering holes formed at
suitable points in the shoe and in roughing studs formed with a tapering neck or
head and a thin shank, which studs when driven into the said holes project with
their heads downward from the shoe sufficiently to afford a hold on the ice, while
the shank passes out between the shoe and the hoof and is bent downwards over
the edge of the shoe so as to secure the stud.
2. A roughing stud formed with a tapering neck fitting a correspondingly
tapered hole in the shoe, and a curved shank with chisel shaped end, adapted to
penetrate between the shoe and the hoof so as to be bent down over the edge of
the shoe.