IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS AND PROCESSES FOR CONVERTING THE FIBRES OF VARIOUS PLANTS INTO PAPER-PULP
Year: 1882

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Frederick Bauman, of Budapesth, in the Kingdom of
Hungary, for an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS AND PROCESSES
FOR CONVERTING THE FIBRES OF VARIOUS PLANTS INTO PAPER-PULP."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Frederick Bauman at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 30th January 1882.
"
FREDERICK BAUMAN of Budapesth, in the Kingdom of Hungary. "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN APPARATUS AND PROCESSES FOR CONVERTING THE FIBRES OF VARIOUS
PLANTS INTO PAPER PULP."
My Invention relates to improvements in apparatus and processes for converting.
the fibres of various plants into paper pulp, by means of a concentrated stream
and continuous soaking in combination with a chemical treatment of the substances
to be dissolved.
I will first described the improved apparatus which I propose to use for the
manufacture of paper pulp by boiling the fibres of various plants such as straw,
reed, wood, bulrush, and others.
It consists of a cylinder having beneath it a receiver of a nearly hemispherical
shape. Between this cylinder and the bemispherical receiver, I have arranged a
perforated bottom in the centre of which is fixed a tube descending through the
perforated bottom and terminating at its lower end in a bell mouthed piece.
The aforesaid tube is perforated with numerous holes from the base to the top
and is provided at the top with a perforated funnel the rim of which is bent
downwards-This funnel is moveable and may be taken off and replaced.
The opening at top of cylinder is closed by means of a conical cover furnished
with safety valves and a steam exhaust tube. The hermetical closing of this cover
is effected by screw bolts and nuts or by any suitable means.
A guage tap is provided near the base of the cylinder for the purpose of
ascertaining the level of the liquid contained in the receiver and cylinder.
Near the base of the receiver are several tubes, bent at right angles and extending
to the flues with the object of accelerating the heating of the liquids.

page_text: I will now proceed to describe my improved processes for obtaining paper pulp,
namely the transformation of reed, sedge, and other fibrous substances into a pulp
suitable for the manufacture of good paper.
Having charged the apparatus with a quantity of reed or sedge I add twelve
litres (say 21 pints) of a diluted solution of caustic soda (4%, "Baumé ") for each
kilogramme, (say 2 lbs. 3 oz. 3 drachms) of reed and twelve litres of a diluted
solution of caustic potash (2, "Baumé ") for each kilogramme of sedge. The said
plants and liquids are then exposed to a high pressure produced by heating-
I employ seven or eight atmospheres for reed and five or six atmospheres for sedge,
during six or seven hours for reed, and five or six hours for sedge.
Should the price of caustic soda be too high the bulrush or sedge may be
treated in the manner specified for the reed, but in this case the reed must be
well washed By this treatinent I effect the dissolution of the plant and the
separation of the resinous and silicious substances adhering to the fibres.
The treated plant must be well washed in clean water in order to free it from
the mineral dissolution; the last traces thereof which might still be found in the
cellular texture are eliminated by means of a very diluted bath of sulphuric acid
in which the substance should remain only five or ten minutes.
This cleansed mass is then to be thoroughly bleached by means of a chloric
solution and after a last washing in clean water the prepared substance constitutes
a pulp eminently suitable for paper making.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Frederick Bauman in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 18th July
1882.
FREDERICK BAUMAN, of Budapesth in the Kingdom of Hungary. "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN APPARATUS AND PROCESSES FOR CONVERTING THE FIBRES OF VARIOUS
PLANTS INTO PAPER PULP."
My Invention relates to improvements in apparatus and processes for converting
the fibres of various plants into paper pulp by means of a concentrated stream and
continuous soaking, in combination with a chemical treatment of the substances to
be dissolved.
My improved apparatus intended for the manufacture of paper pulp by boiling
the fibres of various plants (such as straw, reed, wood, bulrush and others) is
represented by the annexed Drawing.
It consists of the following parts:-
Below a cylinder A, is arranged a receiver B, of nearly hemispherical shape.
Between the cylinder A, and the hemispherical receiver I have arranged a perforated
bottom C. In the centre of this bottom C, is fixed a tubo E, which descends
through the perforated bottom and bears at its under end a bell-shaped space D.
The tube E, is perforated with numerous holes from the base to the top and is
provided with a perforated funnel F, the rim of which is bent downwards. This
funnel is moveable and may be taken off and replaced.
The opening of the cylinder A, is closed by means of a conical cover G, furnished
with safety valves H, and a steam exhaust tube J. The hermetical closing of the
cover is effected by six (more or less) attachment screws K.
A guage tap L, arranged near the base of the cylinder admits of indicating the
level of the liquid contained in the receiver and cylinder.
Four tubos M, (more or less) arranged near the base of the receiver are bent at
right angles and extend to the flues, in order to obtain an accelerated heating of
tho liquids.
By the following improved process I obtain the paper pulp, namely, the trans-
formation of reed, sedge and other fibrous substances into a pulp proper for the
manufacture of good paper.
Having charged the apparatus with a quantity of reed or sedge, I add twelve
litres (say 21 pints) of a diluted solution of caustic soda (+1%, "Baumé ") for each
kilogramme (say 2, lbs. 3 ozs., 3, drachms) of reed, and twelve litres of a diluted
solution of caustic potash (21/, "Baumé ") for each kilogramme of sedge. The
said plants and liquids are then exposed to a high pressure produced by heating.
I employ seven or eight atmospheres for reed, and five or six atmospheres for
sedge, during six or seven hours for reed and five or six hours for sedge.
Should the price of caustic soda be too high, the bulrush or sedge may be
treated in the manner specified for the reed, but in this case the reed must be well
washed. By this treatment I effect the dissolution of the plant and the separation
of the resinous and silicious substances adhering to the fibres.
The treated plant must be well washed in clean water, in order to free it from
the mineral dissolution; the last traces thereof which might still be found in the
cellular texture are eliminated by means of a very diluted bath of sulphuric acid
in which the substance ought to remain only five or ten minutes.
This cleaned mass is then to be entirely bleached by means of a chloric
dissolution, and after a last washing in clean water the prepared substance
constitutes a pulp eminently proper for paper making.

page_text: Having now described and ascertained the nature of my said Invention and in
what manner the same is or may be performed.
I claim as secured to me by the bereinbefore in part recited Letters Patent the
following points
¡-
Firstly. The arrangement of the perforated tube E, and of the bell-shaped
space D, a.concentrated and continuous jet or stream being forced through the said
tube over the funnel F, so as to rain down on the fibres accumulated in the
cylinder B, and to effect the dissolution of all the fibres in continuous contact with
the heated liquid...
·
Secondly. The large number of holes distributed over the tube E, allowing the
heated liquid to be forced into the mass of the fibres.
Thirdly. The above explained treatment of plants for converting their fibres
into a well bleached pulp.
Fourthly. The application of reed and sedge or bulrush for obtaining the said
pulp.
In witness whereof, I tho said Frederick Bauman, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this Twenty sixth day of June in the year of Our Lord One
thousand Eight hundred and Eighty two.
FREDERIK BAUMAN. (L.S.)