IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHI- NERY OR APPARATUS FOR PREPARING AND SPINNING COTTON, WOOL, FLAX, SILK, AND OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS
Year: 1861

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to 'l homas Garner, of Moorside, Worsley, in the County
of Lancaster, Manager, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHI-
NERY OR APPARATUS FOR PREPARING AND SPINNING COTTON, WOOL, FLAX,
SILK, AND OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS."
Sealed the 24th October 1861, and dated the 25th April 1861.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Thomas Garner at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 25th
. April 1861.
I, THOMAS GARNER, of Moorside, Worsley, in the County of Lancaster,
Manager, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR PREPARING AND SPINNING COTTON, WOOL,
FLAX, SILK, AND OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS," to be as follows:-
I lift the flyers from the spindles of throstle or other machine for spinning
or preparing fibrous materials by a metal plate screwed or tapped to the
spindle space, or fitted with spur or bevil wheels working in the plate to
receive the flyer, and thus lift it from the spindle, the top part of the flyer
being screwed to fit in the said plate or wheels. I also extend a shaft along
the frame with pegs or pins to hold the spindles, by means of a pin in the
spindle wharve, until the flyer is uncrewed or screwed. I put the bobbins on
the spindles by means of two plates formed as a jaw, or connected at one side
with hinges, or a swivel joint of any suitable construction, one of the said
plates being fitted with pins or pegs to receive the cops or bobbins, and the

page_text: other with slots on one side to hold the bobbins on the pins and plates until
the plates descend and deliver the bobbins on the spindles. I cut the threads
from the cops or bobbins by means of a long knife or faller extending along
the frame, and I carry the bobbius to the end of the frame by a revolving
lattice or creeper, with or without divisions, so as to deliver the cops or
bobbins into a box or wagon. I lift the bobbins or cops off the spindles by
the copping or bebbin rail, or a moveable plate resting on it, and also by a
moveable rod or faller to knock the bobbins or cops from the spindles into the
travelling lattice or creeper box when they are lifted to the top of the
spindles.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
file by the said Thomas Garner in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 25th October 1861.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, THOMAS
GARNER, of Moorside, Worsley, in the County of Lancaster, Manager, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most. Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-fifth day of April, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-one, in the twenty-fourth year of
Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto
me, the said Thomas Garner, Her special licence that I, the said Thomas
Garner, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I,
the said Thomas Garner, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should
at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times
thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR PREPARING AND SPINNING
COTTON, WOOL, FLAX, SILK, AND OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS," upon the condition
(amongst others) that I, the said Thomas Garner, my executors or adminis-
trators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their
hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the
said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and
cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Thomas Garner, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement (that is to say) :-
This Invention consists in the application to the throstle or other machine
for spinning or preparing, of various self-acting movements for performing a
number of operations which have hitherto been done by hand. After the
spinning, and when the bobbins or cops are filled, the flyers are loosened and
unscrewed from the spindles, then the flyers are carried back,and the bobbins
removed, after which fresh bobbins are supplied, and the flyers brought
forward to the tops of the spindles and screwed on by the motion of the
machine in the usual manner. The threads are cut from the cops or bobbing
by means of a long knife or faller extending along the frame, and the 'cops or
bobbins are carried to the end of the frame by a revolving lattice, creeper, or
travelling apron, so as to deliver them into a box or waggon.
These improvements will be clearly understood by referring to the Figures
and letters on the accompanying Sheet of Drawings, in which Fig. 1 is a
front elevation, Figs. 2 and 3 are end elevations of a double thröstle having my
improvements attached; and Figs. 4 and 5 are detached views of some of the
movements.
In Figs. 1, 2, and 3, a represents the end frames of the machine; b, the
driving shaft; c, the tin roller; d, the spindles; e, the flyers; f, the wharves;
9, the bobbins; ; the bobbin or lifting rails; i, the bottom rails; k, moveable
plates above the lifting rails for carrying the bobbins; , the fast and loose
pulleys; and m, a separate pulley working loose on the driving shaft for
giving motion to the self-acting movements. When the bobbins are full and
require removal, the first operation is placing the arms of all the flyers parallel
with the front of the frame or rails. On each wharve or spindle there is a
projection or pin n, and at the back of each set or series of spindles a bar o,
fitted to the bearings p, so that it can move to and fro, but not turn The
bar o is provided with pegs or projections 7, one for each spindle, so placed
that when required they can come in contact with the pins on the wharves.
The end of the bar o is so adjusted that when the motion of the frame is
stopped, the ordinary handle or stop rod shall press against the said end of the
bar, and place the pins g behind the centres of the spindles, so that the pins
on the wl.arves can come in contact with them, and keep the flyers parallel,
the positions of the pins 2 being adjusted for the purpose. The flyers have
now to be unscrewed and removed from the spindles, for which purpose I
employ at each front of the machine a plater, having notches s to suit the

page_text: arms of the flyers; the said plate is hinged to the plate t, having holes to
receive the tops of the flyers, and connected by the rods or standards to the
rings of the eccentrics v, which have an alternate partly revolving motion, so
as to raise and bring the plates forward to hold the flyers, and afterwards to
lift them back ont of the way of the bobbins. When the flyers are first held
in the notches of the plater, the bar o is moved in the direction of the arrow,
Fig. 1, so as to loosen the flyers from the spindles, and they are altogether
released by reversing the motion of the spindles by turning the tin roller in a
backward direction. In order to obtain these movements, I connect a worm
or endless screw w to the separate pulley m by a boss, so that both revolve
together. Into the worm there is geared the worm wheel x, fixed to the
vertical shafty, on the top of which is placed the quadrant wheel z, so that it
turns with it, but can move up and down. To the vertical shaft y is fixed the
pin wheel a', the bevil pinion 61, and at the bottom is placed the quadrant
wheel c', which is also lifted up at the same time as the wheel z. The bevil
pinion gears into the skew wheel d¹ on the shaft e¹, fixed to which is the
cam f¹, which, as it revolves, raises at certain intervals the barg', and with it
the quadrant wheels z and c'. When the wheel is raised, it gears into the
bevil wheels ',, on the shaft 1, carrying other bevil wheels ', which gear
into the bevil wheels fixed to the shafts carrying the eccentrics v, which
obtain their alternate motions by the teeth of the quadrant wheel z gearing
first into one of the bevil wheels h¹, i¹, and then into the other, the wheel ¹
giving the forward movement, and h¹ the backward, the said quadrant wheel z
and parts connected with it being lowered either by their own weight, or with
the assistance of a spring. The pin wheel a¹ gives motion to the intermittent
or star wheel o¹, having on the top the pin or bowl p¹, which comes in contact
with one end of the rod q¹, and propels it forward, its backward movement
being obtained by the spring 7', Fig. 2. As the rod comes forward, its other
end presses against one of the arms of a double crank s, working on a stud
fixed to the framework; the other arm of the crank is linked to the bar o, and
propels it forward, which operation gives a sudden blow to each wharve, and
as the flyers are held by the notched plater, they are loosened from the screws.
On the driving shaft there is a toothed wheel v' connected by means of other
wheels or friction cones or pulleys with the separate pulley m, so as to give
the tin roller the reverse motion for reversing the spindles, and thus com-
pleting the unscrewing or loosening of the flyers. To the rod q' is jointed the
double lever w¹, for giving motion by means of the connecting rod x¹ to the
forked holder y', so that when the said rod g' is pushed forwards, the back
-prong of the forked holder is raised against the bottom of the notched plater,

page_text: and lifts it up, when it is then held by the catch, and as the notched plate
holds the tops of the arms of the flyers against the plate t, they are capable of
being moved back by the eccentrics out of the way of the bobbins, the plate t
having holes to receive the bosses of the flyers. The eyes through which the
yarns or threads pass are fixed to the hinged board a², which is raised when
required, as shewn in Fig. 5.
The next operation is the removal of the filled bobbins from the spindles,
which is effected by raising the moveable plates on which the bobbins rest.
The quadrant wheel e' at the bottom of the vertical shaft y is lowered by the
cam fi,and as it revolves gears alternately into the bevil wheels 62,c², fixed to
the horizontal shaft d³, at the ends of which are other bevil wheels e²,gearing
into the bevil wheels f fixed to the vertical shafts 92, at the top of which are
other bevil wheels h², gearing into the bevil wheels 2 on the horizontal shafts /²,
one for each front of the machine; each shaft has fixed to it two plain wheels
or discs l, one of which is shewn in Fig. 5. To each disc is connected oné
end of the chain m³,the other end of which is fixed to its corresponding rodn²
fixed to the moveable plates k. When the quadrant wheel c' is in gear with
the bevil wheel be, the shaft 2 turns one way,and as the discs 12 turn theylap
round them the chains m², so as to raise the rods n2 and moveable plates /
until the bobbins are lifted above the tops of the spindles, when they are
thrown over upon the travelling aprons by the horizontal rods o2. The upward
movement of each of the said rods o2 is obtained by connecting it to arms p²
working on studs or centres connected to each inoveable plate. To one of the
arms is fixed the small spur wheel q2, Fig. 5, which, as it rises with the
moveable plate, gears into the stationary rack 1, which causes the wheel to
turn and move the arins and rods upwards, and thereby push over the bobbins.
Instead of the moveable plates k, the lifting rails may be employed for the
same purpose. The spindles have now to be supplied with fresh bobbins or
tubes, and for this purpose I employ for each set of spindles a pair of arms or
levers se fixed to the shaft t2 carrying a disc u2, connected by the chain v² to
another disc w² on the horizontal shaft 2. To the top of the arms &* is con-
nected the plate ², having pegs y, upon which the empty bobbins are placed,
the distance between each peg corresponding with the space between the
spindles. To the plate x is jointed the plate z2, formed with hollows, slots,
or notches somewhat larger than the shanks of the bobbins or tubes, which
plate can be raised like a jaw against the top flanges of the bobbins, and by
means of the catch a³ hold thera fast ready to be placed over the spindles, when
the arms are brought forward. When the quadrant wheel c¹ is in gear with
the beyil wheel c³, the horizontal shafts d'and 3 are put in motion, and cause

page_text: the disc u² to pull down the chain v², and. bring forward the arms or levers s²,
so as to deliver the bobbins upon the spindles, when the under plate is
removed from them by the catch a being released as it comes in contact with
.the projection 8. The bobbins or tubes being on the spindles, the next move-
ment consists in bringing forwards the flyers, and placing them on the tops of
the spindles. The quadrant wheel z at this time has been raised by the.
cam f, and is in gear with the bevil wheel, giving by means of the bavil
wheels a forward motion to the eccentrics, which thereby raise and bring
forward the flyers to their exact positions over the tops of the spindles, and as
the catch ¹ comes in contact with the front prong of the forked holder y¹, it is
released, and allows the notched plater to fall and leave the flyers free, then
the eccentrics take the plates r and back out of the way, and when the
spindles are turned for spinning,the flyers are screwed on in the usual manner,
the thread or yarn from the fallen bobbins holding the flyers. The threads or
yarns are cut from the bobbins or tubes by means of a long knife or faller
extending along the frame, and the bobbins are carried to the end of the frame
by the motion of the travelling apron working on the rollers d³, one of
which is connected by gearing to the boss or pulley e³ driven by the strap:f³
from the driving shaft b, there being a travelling apron at each front of the
machine; for guiding the yarns or threads on the bobbins, there are plates g³
hinged on the lifting rails h. Instead of the notched plate for holding and
taking off the flyers, I may, when desired, employ a metal plate having
screwed or tapped holes at the distances of the spindles apart, in order to
receive the flyers and lift them from the spindles, or the plate may be fitted
with spur or bevil wheels with screwed or tapped holes for the same purpose,
the top part of the flyers being screwed to fit in the said plate or wheels.
Having now described the nature and particulars of my said Invention, and
the manner in which the same is to be performed, I desire it to be understood
that. I claim in machinery or apparatus for preparing and spinning cotton,
wool,, flax, silk, and other fibrous materials, -
First, the employment of pins or projections on the spindles or wharves in
connection with a bar or rack with pins or projections, for the purpose of
keeping the arms of the flyers parallel with the front of the frame, and
loosening the screws.
Secondly, the employment for each set of spindles of a plate having holes to
receive the tops of the flyers, and also another plate with notches to hold the
arms of the flyers..
Thirdly, the employment of the lifting rails or moveable plates to raise all
the bobbins above the spindles, and also rods for pushing them over:

page_text: Fourthly, the employment for each set of spindles of a plate having pegs in
connection with another plate with hollow slots or notches for holding the
bobbins or tubes when descending upon the spindles.
Fifthly, the employment of knives or fallers for cutting the yarns or threads
from the bobbins, and also travelling aprons or creepers for removing the filled
bobbins to the end of the frame.
And, sixthly, the various self-acting movements for loosening and un-
screwing the flyers from the spindles, for carrying the flyers backwards and
forwards for the removal of the bobbins from the spindles, and for the supply
of fresh bobbins, as all such improvements are herein described and illustrated
in the accompanying Sheet of Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said Thomas Garner, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Twenty-fourth day of October, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-one.
Signed, sealed, and delivered by the
within-named Thomas Garner, in
the presence of
E. J. HUGHES,
THOMAS GARNER. (L.S.)
Patent Agent,
Manchester.