Improvements in Collapsible Casks, Barrels, and other like Hollow Bodies.
Year: 1896

page_text: Date of Application, 21st Apr., 1898
Complete Specification Left, 20th Jan., 1897-Accepted, 27th Mar., 1397
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Collapsible Casks, Barrels, and other like Hollow
Bodies.
1, GEORGE ROSS LUND of 73 Drumulensvei Christiania, in the Kingdom of Norway,
Colonel, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
This invention relatos to collapsible casks, barrels, and other hollow bodies, and
consists in so placing and holding together staves by means of bands or hoops as to
produce casks or the like which inny ho readily collapsed in order to facilitate their
transportation.
The improvements consist essentially in the method of putting together and
holding together the staves, whereby any internal or external pressure, acting on the
separate staves, is distributed over the adjacent staves, and displacements of the staves
relative to one anothor are thus avoided; and further in forming the bottom and top
of three parts, and in arranging slots in the staves for the purpose of allowing an
internal circulation of air in the case of transportation of fruit.
Each stuve is formed along one of its longitudinal edges with a fluting or semi-
circular concave chamfer and along its other longitudinal edge with a convex tongue
or projection exactly corresponding to said chamfer, a part of the edge near the
onter face of each stave heing left square or straight along its whole length to form
a shoulder adapted to prevent the staves being pressed inwards from the outside or
outwards from the inside.
Three or more cross grooves adapted to receive bands are formed on the outside
of the stave at suitable distances apart. These grooves are preferably connected
with the hands by means of nails, scrows or the like with broad heads which project
through oval or elongated slots in the bands. The slots allow a subsequent tightening
of the bands without interference from the nails, screws or the like. The outside of the
atavo is either flat or curved according to the purpose to which it is to be employed. If
the staves are to he employed for casks, they receive on their inner faces, near the ends,
cross grooves or crozings for the two heads of the cask. Tho forming of the cask is
effected in the following manner.―
The soparate staves are laid round the cask heads, and so placed together that
the tongue of ono stave engages in the chamfer of the adjacent stave. The bands
are then connected by one end being passed through a ring or buckle attached to the
other ond of. the band and bent round. After the hands have then been strained
tight by means of a tightening device, the ends are passed through a loop and
thereby a very simple and secure fastening is obtained.
The cask hends, which can also very easily be taken to pieces, consist of three
parts, the two outer parts of which aro of similar form, that is, in the form of a
segment of a circle, whilst the central part is wedge shaped. The latter is also made
thicker than the outer parts and has its longitudinal edges bevelled according to
the thickness of the part, so that when the bands aro tightened the said centre
part presses wedge liko. between the outer parts and produces a thoroughly tight
joint.
In case a cask can not be entirely filled, a third end may be arranged in the
same in order to avoid any shaking up of the contents of the cask. This third
end serves also to strengthen the cask against external pressure and simultaneously
also may be utilized as a special or separate cover for the contents of an opened cask.
In casks or barrels for conveying goods which must not be packed to exclude
air, slots or openings are formed in the longitudinal edges of the staves in order to

page_text: allow free access of air. For goods in a pulvorulent form which necessitate
thoroughly tight joints, the chamferings and tongues of the staves may be smeared
with gine, cement or a suitable luting material.
Dated 'this 20th day of April 1896.
WM. P. THOMPSON & Co.,
Of-6, Lord Street, Liverpool, Agents for the Applicant.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Collapsible Casks, Barrels, and other like Hollow
Bodies.
I, GEORGE ROSS LUND, of 26, Petherton Road, Highbury, late of 78 Drammensvei,
Christiania, Norway Gentleman do hereby declare the nature of this invention, and
in what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement :-
This invention relates to collapsable casks, barrels, and the like, and consists in so
placing and holding together staves by means of bands or hoops as to produce casks
or the like which may be readily collapsed in order to facilitate their transportation.
The improvements consist essentially in the method of putting together and holding
together the staves, whereby any internal or external pressure, acting on the
separato staves, is distributed over the adjacent staves and displacements of the
staves relative to one another are avoided; in forming the ends of three parts, and
in arranging orifices in the staves for the purpose of allowing an internal circulation
of air where desirable, as in the case of transportation of fruit.
Referring to the accompanying drawings:-
Figure shows a view of staves assembled with the straps or hoops loosely
arranged in place showing the slots in the bauds, rivets holding the said bands in
place and the buckles and loops at the end thereof.
Figure 2 is an elevation on an enlarged scale of the buckle and loop device for
securing the ends of the bands.
Figure 2 is a section of a portion of a barrel showing the configuration of the
staves, position of the buckle and fustening devica.
Figure 3 shows the ventiluting device hereinafter referred to.
Figure 4 shows a view of the head or end of the barrel hereinafter described.
Figure 5 is an elevation of a complete barrel the lower end being broken away to
show a section of the head and of the inner head hereinafter referred to.
Each stave is formed along one of its longitudinal edges with a fluting or semi-
circular concave chamfer and along its other longitudinal edge with a convex
tongue & exactly corresponding to the said chamfer, the part of the edge near the
outer face of each stave.being left square or straight along its whole length to form
a shoulder c adapted to prevent the staves being pressed inwards from the outside,
or outwards from the insido. Three or more cross grooves adapted to receive
bands are formed on the outside of each stave at suitable distances apart, these
grooves are connected with the bands by means of nails, screws or the like with
broad heads projecting through oval or elongated slots in the bands, (see Figure 1).
The slots allow a subsequent tightening of the bands without interference from the
nails, screws, or the like. The outside of the stave may be either flat or curved
according to the purpose for which it is to be employed. If the staves are to be
used for casks, they receive on their inner faces near the ends cross grooves 'or
crozos for the ends of the cask. The construction of the cask is as follows:
The separate staves are hold round the cask heads and so placed together that the
tongue of one stave engages in the chamfer of the adjacent stave. The bands of

page_text: hoop iron or the like are then connected by one end being passed through the ring
or buckle e attached to the other end of the band, and bent round the stayos in the
grooves. After the bands have been strained tight by means of a tightening device
the loose end is passed through the loop and thus made secure. The cask heads
are preferably constructed in the manner shown in Figure 4. The head consists of
threo parts the two outer parts being segments of a circle, whilst the central part
is wedge-shaped. This central part is preferably thicker than the outer parts and
has its longitudinal edges bevelled so that when the bands are tightened it is
effectively wedged between the outer parts of the head and produces a thoroughly
tight joint. For certain purposes however I prefer to construct the head of the
barrel in one piece.
In case a cask cannot be entirely filled a third end may be arranged in the same
to cover the contents and prevent shaking about, it also serves to strengthen the
cask. Such an end is shown by way of example at g in Figure 5. This inner end
may also be utilised as a special or separate cover for the contents of an open cask.
For goods requiring ventilation 1 prefer to construct the cask with longitudinal
apertures between the staves proferably as shown at h Figure 3.
For casks intended for bolding powdors or other substances necessitating very
tight joints the chamferings and tongues of the staves inay be smeared with any
suitable luting or cement.
For certain purposes I may line the casks aforesaid with tinplate or other
impenetrable lining.
In general, barrels of this pattern are constructed cylindrical as shown in Figure 5
but they may also be made of oval or other shape. After use the barrels may bo
knocked down and they will then take up comparatively very small space for return
shipment.
Having now particularly described aid ascertained the nature of my said inven
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. Casks or the like formed of a series of staves with or without a croze at or
near each end, each stave having exterior transverse recesses and one of its longi-
tudinal sides concave from edge to edge, whilst the opposite side is convex from edge
to edge, in combination with bands or straps secured in the exterior transverse
recesses of the said stavos, and fastening devices or tios for connecting the ends of
the bands or straps substantially as described.
2. In casks or the like constructed as set forth in Claim 1, heads fitting in the
crozo at or near the end of the staves constructed of three parts the two outer parts.
being segments of a circle, and the inner part wedgeshaped, substantially as described
and shown in Figure 4 of the accompanying drawings.
3. In casks or the like; slotted hoops or bands fitting in transverse recesses on
the outside of the staves, and secured to the staves by rivets nails or the like passing
through the slots in the said hoops or bands, in combination with a fastoning device
consisting of a buckle to which one end of the strap is secured and through which
the other end is drawn, overlapped and secured by a loop or the like substantially us
described and shown.
4. In casks or the like of the construction set forth in Claim 1 the provision of
ventilating orifices substantially as described and shown in Figure 3 of the accom
panying drawings.
W. P. THOMPSON & Co.,
Of London, Liverpool, Manchester and Birmingham,
Patent Agents for the Applicant.