Improvements in Lock Washers.
Year: 1891

page_text: Date of Application, 3rd Dec., 1891!
Complete Specification Left, 2nd Sept., 1892-Accepted, 8th Oct., 1892
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Lock Washers.
EDWIN SIDDALL, 103 Page Hall Road, Pitsmoor, Sheffield, Yorkshire, Clerk,
do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
A method for preventing nuts turning back after being screwed up, on railway
rail joints &c. by turning over a portion of the "locking link washer," over the
nut, thus causing a tight clip & permanent position.
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ณ
The locking link washer is intended for application to railway rail joints
and other similar uses, (where the same may be applied) for the purpose of locking
and preventing nuts turning back after being screwed home, thus ensuring
permanent, tight and strong joint. In applying the "locking link washer," an
ordinary bolt (square or pear shape under head) is placed in position through the
fishplates and rail, on which is placed First :-An ordinary wrought iron washer
(such as now used on most rail joints) next to the fishplate, see drawing Fig. 2
letter "a"; Secondly-the "locking link washer" is then applied, see drawing
Fig. 2, letter "B," after which the nut must be screwed up as tightly as possible
against the "locking link washer" and finally that portion of the "locking link
washer" which is most available, to be turned down (either by hammering or other
convenient method) over the flat surface presented on the edge of the nut, thus
causing a tight clip on the nut, as shewn on drawing Fig. 4, letter " C" and
holding same in a permanent position.
In cases where the fishplate is of what is called the "angle shape" see drawing
Fig. 6 the circular ends of each "locking link wesher" is partly cut away under-
neath see drawing Fig. 5 to allow the same to be put on the bolts without fear
of catching the projecting part of the fishplate. The remaining part of the
"locking link washer" being ample for turning over the nut.
Drawing Fig. 3, shews that the nut, no matter in what position it is left after
being screwed up perfectly tight, there is always one or more available sides of the
nut for the "locking link washer" to be turned over.
Drawing Fig. 1, shews the "locking link washer" as manufactured, ready for
placing in position on the bolts in the rail joint &c.
"
The end view of the "locking link washer sce drawing Fig. 1 shews a slight
bulge away from the surface; this is done intentionally in punching the holes, for
the purpose of dispensing with the ordinary wrought iron washer, if thought
necessary, this being quite optional.
It is proposed that the "locking link washer" should be made of the best
galvanized wrought iron, or best toughened Bessemer steel about th or ths of
an inch in thickness.
"
The "locking link washer to be placed when used for rail joints, on the first
and second, third and fourth bolts on each joint.
Dated this 2nd day of December 1891.
EDWIN SIDDALL.
Fredk. Walker, M.S.E., Engineer, Reg. Patent Agent,
11, Furnival Street, Holborn, E.C., Agent for the Applicant.

page_text: manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement :-
The object of this invention is the construction of washers which will securely
lock the nuts of bolts when screwed up and prevent them from turning back thereby
avoiding the use of lock nuts such washers being particularly applicable to the
fish bolts of railway permanent way.
Now according to this invention I form my lock washer of mild steel or other
suitable tough metal of a suitable size and shape to pass over two bolts and allow
of a portion of the washer being turned down by hammering or otherwise against
the side or sides of the nut when screwed up and so prevent the same from slacking
back, and in order that my invention may be the better understood I will
proceed to explain the same with reference to the accompanying sheet of
drawings in which :-
Figure 1 represents front view of an improved lock washer constructed according
to this invention.
Figure 2 represents side view of same.
Figure 3 represents a portion of a rail end and fish plate with my improved
washer applied thereto.
Figure 4 represents section of same through the joint.
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fish
Figure 5 represents my improved washer adapted for "angle shape
plates. The same letters denote the same parts in all the figures, a is the lock
washer, the rail, c, c, the fish plates, d the fish bolt, e the nut, f an ordinary
washer, and h bolt holes.
9
When my improved washer a is used for railway fish joints, the fish plates c, c,
are placed on either side of the rail in the ordinary way the bolts d passed
through the rail b fisli plates c, e and an ordinary washer next the fish plate c
after which a lock washer a is placed over the two bolts in each rail end and
the nuts screwed up tight a chisel wedge or crowbar inserted between the rail b
and the washer a and a portion of the latter forced down against one of the sides
of the nut as shewn at a', a Figures 3 and 4 thus effectually preventing the
nuts from slacking back. The washer a may be hammered down as shewn in
Figs. 3 and 4 or it may be only turned down sufficiently to prevent the nuts from
turning.
The ordinary washer fis used to give a good bearing on the rail and to allow
of a chisel or crowbar being inserted between the rail and the lock washer to
turn it over sufficiently to allow of a hammer being used to complete the
operation.
Instead of using an ordinary washer 1 may make the lock washer thicker
or bulged round the bolt holes as shewn in Figure 2 to answer the same
purpose.
For use with angle shape "fish plates the bottom of the washer a is cut away
at the bottom as shewn in Figure 5 to avoid coming in contact with the projecting
portion of the fish plates.
This invention is applicable to bolts and nuts for other purposes than railway
joints.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
The improvements in lock washers substantially as hereinbefore described and
illustrated by the accompanying drawing.
Dated this 31st day of August 1905
FREDK. WALKER,
11, Furnival Street, Holborn, London, E.C., Agent for the Applicant.