CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY. FOR PICKING, CARDING, AND COMBING FIBROUS SUBSTANCES
Year: 1856

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Alexandre Tolhausen of No. 7, Duke Street, Adelphi,
London, County of Middlesex, Sworn Interpreter at the Imperial Court
of Paris, for the Invention of "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY. FOR
PICKING, CARDING, AND COMBING FIBROUS SUBSTANCES."-"A communication
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Alexandre Tolhausen at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
4th February 1856.
I, ALEXANDRE TOLHAUSEN, of No. 7, Duke St., Adelphi, London, County
of Middlesex, Sworn Interpreter at the Imperial Court of Paris, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY FOR PICKING, CARDING, AND COMBING FIBROUS SUBSTANCES," being a
communication from Richard Kitson, of Lowell, U. S. of America, to be
as follows:-
This Invention consists in a novel method of attaching & securing the
teeth-employed for picking, carding, & combing purposes to a cylinder or
other foundation, by which they are carried or supported. It also consists
in a certain mode of constructing the surface of the picking, carding, or
combing cylinder, whereby, in its revolution, it is made to serve the purpose of
a fan or blower to blow the fibres from its own teeth after the picking, carding,

page_text: or combing operation. The securing of the teeth is effected by making them
in pairs, in the same manner as when they are to be inserted in a fillet of leather.
The manner in which the cylinder is formed to receive the teeth is by providing
it with grooves, extending straight across the cylinder from end to end, of a
width suflicient for the shanks of the teeth to fit snugly within them, & of such
a depth that the crotches of the teeth will be sunk a little below the periphery
of the cylinder. Fastening plates are arranged lengthwise of the cylinder,
between the several rows of teeth contained in the grooves; they are provided
with notches in their front parts to receive the teeth, & between these notches
are provided, with locking pieces, to enter the grooves of the cylinder, & to fit
between the teeth & bear on the bottoms of the crotches of the several pairs
of teeth; these plates fit close together, & when secured to the cylinder by
screws, they secure the teeth in all directions. The cylinder has certain parts
of its periphery between the grooves inclined towards its axis from one groove
to the groove behind it, for the purpose of producing a series of ridges under
the points of the several rows of teeth; these ridges, when the cylinder rotates
in the proper direction for the teeth to operate, act as fans, & produce currents
of air from the bases towards the points of the teeth to blow off the fibres.
These currents are collected within a casing, & unite to form a single current,
which escapes through a spout, carrying with it the whole of the fibre, together
with the impurities set free by the picking operation, which may be separated
by a screen at the bottom of the spout. In order to admit of the fan-like
action of the ridges of the cylinder, the casing must have openings around the
shaft of the cylinder.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Alexandre Tolhausen in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
4th August 1856.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, ALEXANDRE
FOLHAUSEN, of No. 7, Duke Street, Adelphi, London, County of Middlesex,
Sworn Interpreter at the Imperial Court of Paris, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent bearing date the Fourth day of February, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-six, in the nineteenth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said Alexander Tolhausen, Her special licence that I, the said Alexandre
Tolhausen, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the

page_text: said Alexandre Tolhausen, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should
at
any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times
thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make,
use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "CERTAIN
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR PICKING, CARDING, AND COMBING FIBROUS SUB-
STANCES," a communication from Richard Kitson, of Lowell, U. S. of America,
upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Alexandre Tolhausen,
my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their,
or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be per-
formed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within
six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Alexander Tolhausen, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-
This Invention consists in a novel method of attaching and securing the teeth
employed for picking, carding, and combing purposes, to the cylinder or other.
foundation by which they are carried or supported. It also consists in a certain.
mode of constructing the surface of the picking, carding, or combing cylinder,.
whereby, in its revolution, it is made to serve the purpose of a fan or blower:
to blow the fibres from its own teeth after the picking, carding, or combing.
operation.
In the accompanying Drawing Fig. 1 is a vertical transverse section of a
picker cylinder and its casing, illustrating both features of the Invention; Fig. 2
is a longitudinal section of a portion of one side of the same cylinder, in the
line y of Fig. 1; Fig. 3 is a face view of a portion of the same cylinder,
containing two rows of teeth. In these views the teeth A, A, and their.
fastening plates B, B, are shewn on a scale which is somewhat exaggerated,
comparatively to the scale of the cylinder C, in order to show more clearly the
features of the Invention. In carrying out my new method of securing the
the teeth, I employ teeth made in pairs, in the same manner as when they are
to be inserted in a fillet of leather, which will be readily understood by reference
to Figs. 1 and 2; in the former of which Figs. side views and sections of the
teeth are shewn, and in the latter the fronts of the teeth. The manner in which
the cylinder is formed to receive the teeth is shewn towards the right hand of
Fig. 1, where some of the teeth and their fastening plates are omitted from

page_text: the cylinder. In this Fig. and in Figs. 2 and 3, a, a, are grooves; extending
straight across the cylinder from end to end, of a width sufficient for, the shanks
of the teeth to fit snugly within them, and of such a depth that the crotches b, b;
of the teeth will be sunk a little below the periphery of the cylinder. The
fastening plates B, B; are made of cast or wrought iron, and Jare'y arranged.
lengthwise of the cylinder, between the several rows of teeth contained in the
grooves a, a; they are provided with notches:d, d, in their front parts to receive
the teeth, and between these notches are provided, with locking piecese, e...to
enter the grooves a, a, of the cylinder, and to fit between the teeth; and-bear on
the bottoms of the crotches of the several pairs of teeth. These plates fit close
together, and when secured to the cylinder by screws g, g, they secure the teeth
in all directions:
1
In Fig: 1 the section is taken, through a locking piece e and a notch d
alternately round the cylinder. The cylinder, shewn in Fig. 1, has; those
parts h, h of its peripliery, between the grooves a, a, inclined towards its axis
from one groove to the groove behind it, 'for the purpose of producing a series
of ridges i under the points of the several rows of teeth. These ridges; when
the cylinder rotates in the proper direction for the teeth to operate, as is
indicated by the arrow 8 in Fig. 1, act as fans, and produce currents of air in
the direction of the arrows 9 from the bases towards the points of the teeth to
blow off the fibres. These currents are collected within the casing: D, and
unite to form a single, current, which escapes:.through the spout E, carrying
with it the whole of the fibre, together: with the impurities set free by the
picking operation, which may be separated by a screen at the bottom of the
spout E, or by other means. In order to admit of the fan-like action; of the
ridges i; i, of the cylinder, the casing. D must have openings around the shaft F
of the cylinder:
201
Fig. 4 is a transverse section of a portion of, a cylinder showing, the same
method of securing the teeth as is illustrated:in Figs. 1, 2, and 3, but applied
so as not to produce the ridges i; i, which for some purposes, as; carding, for
instance, are unnecessary. The only material difference between the cylinder C³,
shown in Fig. 4, and that shown in Figs. 1, 2,.and.3, consists in the former
having the spaces between its grooves a, a, all portions, of a true, cylinder
instead of being inclined from one groove toranother. The fastening plates are
substantially the same as those of the cylinder C...
Figs: 5, 6, and 7,- show a modification of the method of securing the teeth:
Fig. 5 being a transverse section of a portion of .a' cylinder C; Fig. 6a longi-
tudinal section of one side of "the same; and Fig. 7 being, a face view, ofta
portion of the same. In this modification, locking pieces. e¹, el, are used

page_text: detached from the fastening plates B', B. These locking pieces consist simply
of short pieces of wire or other metal, inserted in the grooves a¹, a', within the
crotches of the teeth A', A', filling up that part of the groove within the crotch.
The fastening plates B', B', are made with notches d', d', to receive the teeth,
and the parts f,f, between these notches cover and confine the locking pieces.
This modification admits of the cylinder being formed with or without the
ridges i, i. The ridges i, i, on the cylinder, may be used for producing the fan-
like motion, in connection with other methods of securing the teeth.
Having thus described the nature and particulars of the said Invention, as
communicated to me, I desire it to be understood that I do not confine myself
to the precise details herein described; but what I claim and desire to secure
by Letters Patent is,-
1st, securing the teeth, by means of grooves in the cylinder, and notched
fastening plates and locking pieces, substantially, as herein described, whether
the locking piece be made attached to, or separate from, the fastening plate.
2nd, forming the cylinder with ridges extending across the periphery, for
the purpose of producing a fan-like action by the revolution of the cylinder, to
blow off the fibres from the teeth, as herein described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Alexandre Tolhausen, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Second day of August, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-six.