matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF DRAIN PIPES
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry William Stringfellow
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 2nd January 1875.
I, HENRY WILLIAM STRINGFELLOW, of Folkestone, in the County of
Kent, Surveyor, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF DRAIN PIPES," to be as follows:-
The chief object of this Invention is to provide cheap and efficient
drain pipes suitable for conducting house and street drainage to sewers,
cesspools, and other receptacles or outlets. To reduce the cost of drain
pipes, instead of making them of clay and burning and glazing them,
which is very costly, I now propose to mould them in Portland cement,
with or without an admixture of sharp grit, according to their sectional
capacity, and I thus obtain pipes impermeable to moisture. The form
of bore I prefer to use is that of an erect egg, as it induces a rapid flow
of the sewage. The pipe I cast in two pieces, which when put together
will make a horizontal joint from end to end of the pipe, and the bottom
of the pipe I make flat externally that it may bed readily upon the ground
and facilitate the operation of laying the pipes, it being requisite that

page_text: their vertical axis shall be in position. The pipes I mould with a
socket at one end to receive the end of an adjacent pipe, and the sockets
I form both internally and externally with a flat base. To insure the
proper fitting of the upper part or crown of the pipe with the base part,
I chamfer the contact edges, giving them by preference a curved junction
line in cross section.
NEW OR IMPROVED COMPOSITIONS FOR MAKING INKSTANDS, PICTURE FRAMES, WATCH STANDS, BLACK AND COLOURED JEWELLERY AND ORNAMENTS, DRESS FASTENINGS, AND OTHER ARTICLES
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel Cole at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 10th February
.
1875.
I, SAMUEL COLE, of Edgbaston, in the County of Warwick, Manu-
facturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "NEW OR
IMPROVED COMPOSITIONS FOR MAKING INKSTANDS, PICTURE FRAMES, WATCH STANDS,
BLACK AND COLOURED JEWELLERY AND ORNAMENTS, DRESS FASTENINGS, AND OTHER
ARTICLES," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists of new or improved compositions for making
inkstands, picture frames, watch stands, black and coloured jewellery
and ornaments, dress fastenings, and other articles, consisting essentially
of the following ingredients or materials mixed together and treated as
herein-after described.
The compositions constituting my Invention are capable of being
moulded or shaped into the articles enumerated and other articles by
means of dies or moulds and pressure.

page_text: I make and treat the compositions in the following manner :--For the
manufacture of a black composition I take 12 parts by weight of gas tar
or tar varnish; 12 parts by weight of whiting, or chalk, or clay; and 12
parts by weight of lampblack or vegetable black, and by stirring or
other mixing operation I thoroughly incorporate the materials or
ingredients so as to form a plastic or pasty mass. I subject the said
plastic or pasty mass to the action of rolls so as to consolidate the
mixture and increase its density. It is necessary to pass the plastic mass
several times through the rolls to bring it to the required degree of
density or firmness. The mixture or composition is next heated in a
stove and again rolled. By this last treatment the mixture or com-
position is further hardened or consolidated. The composition is now
fit for the manufacture of articles therefrom.
In manufacturing articles from the said composition blanks of the
required shape are cut from it, and the said blanks are operated upon by
moulds or dies worked in a stamp or press so as to fashion them into the
general figure of the articles to be made. The partly made articles are
next stoved and again stamped or pressed in moulds or dies. They are
next dressed so as to perfect their figure, and are finally coated
with several coats of varnish and finished by polishing, or otherwise
finished.

page_text: used, but I prefer to use the said refuse material as it is less costly than
transparent varnish.
I do not limit myself to the exact proportions herein-before given of
the ingredients or materials of which the compositions are made, as the
said proportions may be varied within certain limits without affecting
the efficiency of the resulting compositions.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE HEALDS EMPLOYED IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Holding at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 8th
December 1875.
I, JOSEPH HOLDING, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
" "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE HEALDS EMPLOYED IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING," to be as
follows:-
:-
My Invention relates to the healds employed in looms for weaving,
and more particularly to such healds as are made of wire or metal.
When such healds are in usc the threads of the warp have a grooving
or wearing action upon the eyes through which the said threads pass,
and after having been in use for some time the healds have to be
discarded in consequence of the deterioration of the said eyes, although
the other parts of the healds are but slightly deteriorated.
The object of my said Invention is to render the healds capable of
being used for a longer period, and this I effect by forming two or more
sets of eyes in each shaft of bealds, so that when one set of eyes
becomes too much worn to be continued in use another set may be
brought into use.

page_text: The formation of the eyes may be effected by various means, and in
several ways, as for example, the eyes may be formed by soldering or
connecting together two wires or strips of metal, which have been
corrugated at the part which is to form the eyes, the forms of the
corrugations being such as that when placed together, and when the
ridges on the two wires or strips are soldered or fastened together the
eyes will be formed, or two wires may be twisted together at intervals,
or two wires or strips may be bent and linked together and twisted,
soldered, or fastened so as to form two eyes; or the eyes may be formed
in strips of metal by punching.
IMPROVEMENTS IN TRAMWAY CARS
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Millar at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 17th
December 1875.
I, ROBERT MILLAR, of Kilmarnock, in the County of Ayr, North
Britain, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
of "IMPROVEMENTS IN TRAMWAY CARS," to be as follows, that is to say:
This Invention which relates to improvements in tramway cars has
reference to such cars as are driven by steam.
The improvements consist in mounting the steam boiler on the outer
end of the swivelling frame or bogie which carries the engines and
crank axle by which the car wheels are driven. By this arrangement
the boiler is situate outside the car body.
The car body is supported partly on the swivelling frame or bogie, and
partly by another axle fixed to the car framing..
The inner end of the swivelling frame or bogie is carried upon a bush
which slides on the trailing axle as it is swivelled when passing to or
running on a curve, and the swivelling is effected by the driver
operating a rack and pinion, or tangent screw, or the equivalent
thereof.

page_text: Another improvement however in tramway cars relates to the gear for
swivelling the bogie. This improvement consists of a steam cylinder, to
the piston rod of which is attached a second piston working in a cylinder
filled with oil or other liquid.
A three-way cock or valve is provided for turning the steam into
either end of the steam cylinder, and this acting on the piston in the
other cylinder causes the oil or other liquid to flow through a pipe, by
which a portion of the oil or other liquid is transferred from one side of
the piston to the other; the piston in moving swivels the bogie to the
required extent, and the shock of admitting the steam being cushioned 1
by the oil great control in swivelling the bogie and steering the car is
thus obtained. The engines may be horizontal, vertical, or inclined.
IMPROVEMENTS IN EMPLOYING THE ACTION OF THE CENTRI- PETAL AND CENTRifugal Forces as a Motive Power
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Henry Stalkartt at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 24th July 1875.
I, GEORGE HENRY STALKARTT, of Monkton Hook, Alfold, in the
County of Surrey, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN EMPLOYING THE ACTION OF THE CENTRI-
PETAL AND CENTRifugal Forces as a Motive Power," to be as follows .—
This Invention consists in employing the action of the centripetal and
centrifugal forces as a motive power, separately or combined, by means
of any circulating medium, and in order to carry out this Invention I
cause a wheel to revolve continually in one direction, on or with a
hollow or partly bollow axle or shaft with which it communicates by
means of an air-tignt channel or channels coiled or curving or otherwise
radiating from centre towards circumference, and from circumference
towards centre, through which the circulating medium is forced to exert
a leverage power upon the axle or shaft.
The power can be increased not only by the diameter of the wheel
and a consequently greater number of coils or curves, but also by adding

page_text: to the side of the wheel a series of these coils with channels curving in
the same direction with regard to the axle, through which the medium
employed circulates before escaping.
When the shaft is made to revolve with the wheel a number of coils
with channels curving in the same direction with regard to the axle as
the one communicating with it can be attached to the shaft along the
whole length or any part of it, having however themselves no inde-
pendent communication with the hollow, which will continue the
current unbroken before it escapes, cach coil thus exerting the same
leverage power in turning the shaft as the one in connection with it.
A similar system of coils made with curved channels or radiations to
act in the reversed direction can be employed to controul or arrest
motion.
Spring valves at certain points of the channels, or the channels being
there contracted would increase the density of the medium employed.
It is adapted for the working of all machinery but especially for
locomotives whether on land or sea, on account of the great speed as
well as power which it can command and controul, and from its capability
of being worked with great power on land with common air alone, and
at sca by air or water, it possesses the advantage of a saving of all fuel
and the labor employed in its usc.
In using the action of the centrifugal and centripetal forces to turn a
wheel I force a circulating fluid through hollow channels coiled or
curving in a spiral form from the centre or axis of a circle to its circum-
ference, and back again from its circumference to its centre These
hollow curved channels act as a bent lever on the centre or axis which
will be forced round by the pressure of the enculating medium in the
reverse direction to the curve the channels take from the centre
IMPROVEMENTS IN AERATED LIQUORS
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Rivington Holmes at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 13th January 1875.
I, RICHARD RIVINGTON HOLMES, of Windsor, in the County of Berks,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN AERATED LIQUORS,” to be as follows:-
-
This Invention relates to aerated liquors, such as soda water, lemonade,
and the like, and consists in mixing and bottling such liquors with a
proportion of spirituous liquor, such as brandy, gin, and the like, so that
when a bottle of the liquor is decanted the proper mixture is at once
obtained without having recourse to separate bottles, as has heretofore
been the practice. For this purpose, when the suitable bottles have to
be charged with aerated liquid, I charge them in the first place with the
desired proportion of spirit, I then add the acrated liquid, and cork the
mixture firmly down. In this manner I am enabled to guarantee
the quality and proportions of the mixture, and to prevent adulteration
and waste, besides securing economy of time and labour in serving drinks
of the kind to which my Invention applies.
AN IMPROVED METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR TREATING FECAL MATTERS SO AS TO DESTROY THEIR NOXIOUS QUALITIES AND TO OBTAIN USEFUL PRODUCTS THEREFROM
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Edward Newton at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
3rd April 1875.-A communication from abroad by Albert
Sindermann, of Breslau, Germany.
I, WILLIAM EDWARD NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery
Lanc, in the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED METHOD OF AND
APPARATUS FOR TREATING FECAL MATTERS SO AS TO DESTROY THEIR NOXIOUS
QUALITIES AND TO OBTAIN USEFUL PRODUCTS THEREFROM," to be as follows:-
The focal matters to be treated by the improved process, which forms
the subject of the present Invention, must first be separated by pre-
cipitation and decantation or otherwise from any excess of liquid with
which they may be mixed, and after the solid part of the focal matters
have been passed between rollers to reduce the mass to a suitable
thickness, or to pieces of a convenient size, they are brought through a
vessel which is placed above and soparated from a retort by means of a
cock, and conveyed into this retort where they are subjected (under
great heat) to distillation. By this means the matters are separated
into their solid and gaseous or volatile parts Whilst the solid matters

page_text: remain behind in the retort the volatile or gaseous parts pass through a
tube into a vessel in which the tar is deposited, and from thence they pass
on to other parts of the apparatus. The first product is therefore the
black mass that remains behind in the retort, and which is of a coke-like
appearance, and on analysis gave the following result:-

page_text: milk of lime and chalk, and where they part with their remaining
solid matters, but before doing so depositing as they pass through the
serpentine pipe white crystals, which also yield a very valuable
product.
After the gases in the cylinder have been thus far purified they are
forced by means of the fan or exhauster into another cylinder, which is
half filled with water, where they are again purified, and pass thence
into the gasometer or gas holder, where they will be ready for use
for lighting purposes, and will possess an illuminating power of 12
candles at a consumption of 4 cubic feet of gas per hour.
It will be seen from this that seven different and valuable products
arc obtained from the focal matters, viz., 1, coke as a deposit; 2, tar;
3, ammoniacal liquid; 4, fat; 5, oil; 6, carbonate of ammonia in
crystals; and 7, fine illuminating gas.
The pump, which is adapted to the cylinder, has for its object to
enable the supply of milk of lime and chalk to be renewed continually
during the operation of the process.
The cocks adapted to the various parts of the apparatus servo partly
as testing taps, and partly for drawing off the various liquid products.
IMPROVEMENTS IN . HORSE RAKES
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Cameron and James
Woodward Hill at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 30th June 1875.
We, HENRY CAMERON and JAMES WOODWARD HILL, both of the
Victoria Iron Works, Bedford, in the County of Bedford, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN . HORSE
RAKES," to be as follows:-
The Invention has reference to improved arrangements and com-
binations of the parts, by which increased facilities and efficiency in use
are obtained. For this purpose the heads of the tines are forked so as to
be connected to the rocking shaft at two parts, and these parts of each
head are formed to interlap with those of adjoining tines, by which the
extent of lateral bearing surface and increased steadiness of action are
obtained with increased facility for removal or change of them.
By one method the horns of these forked heads clip the rocking bar,
and are there held by filling pieces and nuts or cotters, but this may be
varied,

page_text: The teeth are secured into these heads in the direction of their
length, and are there held by nuts, cotters, or such like means.
:
The horns of the heads are formed so that by being applied alternately
in opposite directions considerable independent play is admitted, not-
withstanding the overlapping of them, and the alternate tines may be
removed if desired without in any way deranging the action of those
left.
The lifting of the tines is effected by frictional clutch connection with
the bearing wheels. For this purpose a lever operated by the foot of the
attendant, or otherwise, by connecting rods simultaneously actuates a 1
lever and frictional clutch connection to each wheel, and when thus
clutched the arms supporting the rocking bar are actuated to lift the
tines.
The form of clutches amplexed mar
IMPROVEMENTS IN JOINTS OR FASTENINGS FOR CONNECTING TOGETHER THE ENDS OF RAILWAY RAILS
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Haytor Chubb at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
22nd February 1875.
I, GEORGE HAYTOR CHUBB, of St. Paul's Churchyard, in the City of
London, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN JOINTS OR FASTENINGS FOR CONNECTING TOGETHER THE ENDS OF
RAILWAY RAILS," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object to improve the means employed for
coupling together the ends of railway rails. For this purpose I form at
each end of the rails a horizontal slot through the web; against the sides
of the rails fish plates are applied as heretofore usual, and one or both of
these fish plates I form with a projection to fit within the horizontal slot
in the web of the rails. Where the bolts for securing the fish plates are
to pass through, I make circular enlargements in the top and bottom
of the horizontal slot in the web concentrically with the bolts, and form
the projection upon the fish plate or plates to correspond with and fill
up these enlargements. Thus the projection which stands out from the
fish plate or plates may be made equally strong at the points where the
bolts pass through them as at any other part.

page_text: In place of the web at the end of the rails having a horizontal slot
cut entirely through it, it might have a horizontal slot formed along it on
each side, leaving a portion of the web to still connect the heads of the
rails. In this case each fish plate would be formed with a projection
standing out from it to fit into the slot at the side of the web, and
wherever the bolts for securing the fish plates pass across these recesses,
I form the recesses with enlargements concentric with the bolts, and the
projections which are to enter these recesses I form with corresponding
enlargements. The slots or recesses need not be carried quite up to the
end of the rail, but just at the end of the rail the web may be left uncut 1
so as to tie the two heads of the rail together. In this case the central
portion of each fish plate may be strengthened by an external web or
projection.
IMPROVEMENTS IN GAS BURNERS FOR BURNING HYDROCARBON VAPOURS and Gases
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joshua Kidd and Charles
Edward Hearson at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 9th December 1875.
We, JOSHUA KIDD, of 12, Dartmouth Street, Westminster, and
CHARLES EDWARD HEARSON, of 114, Strand, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN GAS BURNERS FOR
BURNING HYDROCARBON VAPOURS and Gases,” to be as follows:—
According to this Invention we construct burners for burning hydro-
carbon vapours and gases in the following manner:-The inflammable
vapour or gas is admitted by a pipe to the bottom of a cylindrical
chamber from the top of which rises an annular tube; the gas or
vapour passes up freely through this annular tube, and is ignited
as it issues from it at the top. Air is admitted to the central space
enclosed by the annular tube through three passages passed radially
through its lower end and at equal distances around it. The centre of
this space is occupied by a vertical rod or closed tube rising up from
the top of the cylindrical chamber before-mentioned to the level of the
top of the annular burner tube or thereabouts. The air is thus caused
to rise in a vertical annular column to the interior of the flame. Above

page_text: the three air passages is carried the gallery for supporting the glass, the
gallery has numerous small holes formed through it for admitting air to
the exterior of the flame. The passage of air to the flame being thus
restricted, the upward draught of the chimney draws the gas or vapour
upwards through the annular burner. By this means the pressure of 1
the vapour or gas in the annular burner may be reduced to a minimum,
and the air being supplied in the required quantities and in steadily
ascending vertical columns to the interior and exterior of the flame, a
very bright and steady light is obtained.
The top of the annular burner tube may either be left entirely open
or it may be closed and have numerous small holes formed through it.
We sometimes use a cone for regulating the external air supply, either
in conjunction with the afore-named perforations or alone.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR INDICATING THE LEVELS OF WATER OR LIQUID IN RESERVOIRS, SHIPS' HOLDS, STEAM GENERATORS, AND OTHER PLACES
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Nicholas at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 29th April
1875.
I, JOHN NICHOLAS, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster,
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR INDICATING THE LEVELS OF WATER OR LIQUID
IN RESERVOIRS, SHIPS' HOLDS, STEAM GENERATORS, AND OTHER PLACES," to be as
follows:-
--
My Invention relates to apparatus for indicating the level of the water
in steam generators and in ships' holds, or in reservoirs or tanks, or to
be otherwise employed in indicating the levels of liquids, and has for its
object to effect the indication at a distance from the generator or hold,
or from the reservoir containing fluid. This purpose I accomplish by
employing two columns of fluid contained in tubes or pipes, and
extending from the boiler, well, reservoir, or place containing the fluid,
the level of which is to be indicated to the indicating apparatus; as, for
example, the said indicating apparatus may be in an office, or in a
captain's cabin situated higher than and at a distance from the steam
generator or place containing the water or fluid, as the case may be.

page_text: The said indicating apparatus consists of a glass guage, in which the
fluid level is indicated by the line of separation of two fluids which have
not an affinity for each other, as for example oil and water, one of the
two being colored if considered to be advisable. One column of fluid
communicates with the body of water or liquid in the reservoir, say, for
example, a ship's bilge well at a point below the low water level of the
same, the other column also extending to or below the same level. The
lower part of the pipe containing the last-named column is formed with
a return tube, or otherwise communicates with a pipe or vessel in which
the liquid can stand at the same level as the water in the said well. As
any variation in the level of the water line has to be communicated to
the liquid in the said return tube by a movement of both columns the
amount of such movement may be indicated by means of the aforesaid
glass guage.
When applied to a steam generator it is necessary that the lower
ends of both columns be exposed to the steam pressure, the upper end
of the aforesaid return pipe being in communication with the steam
Брасе.
I prefer to fit stop-cocks or valves on the pipes, and to provide the
indicating apparatus with cocks or valves, by means of which the
indication of the guage may be adjusted.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THRASHING MACHINES ADAPTED POR USE IN THE FIELD
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Spence at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 8th June
1875. A communication from abroad by Alexandre Zalewski,
Russian Proprietor, domiciled at 45, Rue St. Sébastien, Paris.
I, WILLIAM SPENCE, of 8, Quality Court, Chancery Lane, in the
County of Middlesex, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for " IMPROVEMENTS IN THRASHING MACHINES ADAPTED
POR USE IN THE FIELD," (being a communication to me from abroad by
Alexandre Zalewski, Russian Proprietor, domiciled at 45, Rue St.
Sébastien, Paris,) to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to adapt the thrashing apparatus for
being suitably worked by intermediate gear from the shaft of the
running wheels, and to thrash corn as it is collected from the ground
and conveyed to the beaters or thrashers, thereby dispensing with the
need of forming the produce into sheaves and carrying it to barns. For
this
purpose the thrashing apparatus is combined in one machine with
the apparatus for collecting and conveying the corn or agricultural
produce from the ground after it has been reaped or mowed, the gearing

page_text: being so arranged as to give the relative speeds to the respective parts
of the combined machine.
The frame of the machine is arranged with three longitudinal bars
admitting of the conveying and thrashing apparatus being on one side
of the central bar, and the draught apparatus on the other side. The
conveyer is an ordinary endless apron with teeth upon it, and the corn
or agricultural produce (collected in front of the rake as the machine
proceeds) is carried forward by the said teeth, and caused to pass along
on the top of a plate slotted to allow the teeth to pass, and bent to
facilitate the passage of the produce to the thrashing drum.
The conveying apron receives its motion from a pulley on the shaft
of the running wheels at one side of the machine, and the thrashing
drum or apparatus is driven at the speed required by means of a toothed
wheel on the said shaft at the other side of the machine gearing with a
pinion on an intermediate shaft from a larger pulley, on which motion
is conveyed to a smaller pulley on a second shaft, and from a second
larger pulley on which motion is conveyed to a smaller pulley on the
shaft of the thrashing drum.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MEANS FOR PROTECTING THE OPENINGS OR DOORWAYS COMMUNICATING WITH HOISTS
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Pickering at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 29th
May 1875.
I, THOMAS PICKERING, of Eccles, in the County of Lancaster,
Cabinet Maker, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
" IMPROVEMENTS IN MEANS FOR PROTECTING THE OPENINGS OR DOORWAYS
COMMUNICATING WITH HOISTS," to be as follows:―
My Invention relates to the hoists employed in the elevation or
lowering of persons, goods, and matters, from one storey of a building to
a higher or a lower storey or otherwise employed, and has for its object to
prevent accidents arising from the temporary want of a barrier to prevent
persons from passing through the said doorways and falling down the
wells of the said hoists. To this end I provide each doorway with a door
or gate, which is fitted to slide up and down in a grooved frame, or is
otherwise fitted to slide, and is raised by fingers attached to the cage of
the hoist when the said cage nears the said doorway. The said fingers
are hinged or fitted to slide back when the said cage is being lowered,
and are provided with means for keeping them out of action when

page_text: nearing a gate which is not required to be raised. The said gate may
be partly balanced by weights or springs attached to a cord, band, or
chain passing over a pulley or over pulleys to regulate the speed of
falling, or springs acting upon the frame may be employed for the same
purpose. A cord or chain attached to the gate and passing over a
pulley, or two such cords or chains furnish means whereby the man in
charge of the hoist may raise the gate when the cage is descending, or
catchers attached to the said cage may act upon the said cord or chain
for the same purpose.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SADDLES
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Stanley George Lutwyche at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 21st December 1875.-A communication from abroad by
Lawrent Cogent, of Paris, France.
I, STANLEY GEORGE LUTWYCHE, of 134, High Street, Borough,
Southwark, in the County of Surrey, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN SADDLES," (communicated to me
from abroad by Lawrent Cogent, of Paris, France,) to be as follows:
The saddle frame, tree, or body is composed of various pieces of
malleable sheet iron, vulcanite, or other suitable material, rivetted or
otherwise fastened together. The front flange of the frame is made in
two pieces which are secured by a screw nut, bolt, rivet, pivot, or centre
fixed in the pommel, and upon which pivot or centre the flanges work
so as to contract or expand according to the shape of the animal to
which it is to be applied. To these flanges is secured a plate hinged on
both sides of saddle a few inches from the centre; to this plate is firmly
attached by means of rivets or other fastenings the remaining parts of
the saddle frame, thus affording the ductile material employed sufficient
IM- PROVEMENTS IN HYDRAULIC OIL PRESSING MACHINERY
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Bacon at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 6th May
1875.
I, JOHN BACON, of Trinity Street, Gainsborough, in the County of
Lincoln, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN HYDRAULIC OIL PRESSING MACHINERY," to be as follows:-
:-
This Invention consists,―
Firstly. In protecting the mats or envelop's in oil pressing machinery
by securing pegs or projections to the plates or trays along the edges
thereof at suitable distances and positions to hold the edges of the mats
or envelopes from being pressed outward when the pressure is on for
expressing the oil, by placing the projections at suitable distances the oil
can escape freely, and the mats or envelopes are protected from being
forced outward when the presses are at work.
Secondly. For securing the mats or envelopes in their proper position
on the plates or trays by means of metal pins being passed through holes

page_text: in the projections from the plates or trays into the edges of the mats or
envelopes at proper distances and suitable lengths.
Thirdly. For keeping the oil from flowing over the edges of the plates
or trays I form or secure a projecting edge to the plates or trays of
sufficient height to conduct the oil to the channels or piping, and thence
to the tank or reservoir; by this process all waste is avoided.
IMPROVEMENTS IN RAISING 1 AND FORCING WATER AND OTHER LIQUIDS, AND IN APPARATUS FOR THE SAME
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Ingram at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 31st March
1875.
I, JOSEPH INGRAM, of Oakham, in the County of Rutland, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN RAISING 1
AND FORCING WATER AND OTHER LIQUIDS, AND IN APPARATUS FOR THE SAME," to
be as follows :—
My Invention relates to a method of raising and forcing water to any
desired height or distance by the agency of compressed air, the Invention
being applicable for raising water from wells, mines, the holds of ships
and elsewhere, and also for discharging a jet of water for extinguishing
fire, and other purposes.
In carrying out my Invention I provide an air-tight chamber at the
upper part of the well or other place whence the water is to be raised,
which chamber is open at the bottom to the water, and so encloses the
well or other place that when air is forced into such chamber it will press
upon the water and force the same up a pipe dipping down to near the
bottom of the water, all other outlet for the water being carefully

page_text: stopped off. The air is compressed by a double-action cylinder in which
works a piston operated by a hand lever direct, or by a connecting rod
from a crank shaft provided with a fly wheel and driven by any
convenient motor. This cylinder is provided with air inlet and outlet
valves at each end, and the air is conducted thence through pipes
leading to the air chamber. A valve is provided in the pipe near the
point where it enters the air chamber to prevent any return of the air,
and in order that the said valve may act without the aid of springs, it is
so disposed as to open upwards to give passage to the air in the one
direction, and to close by its own weight to prevent the return of
the air.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN TAPS FOR STEAM AND OTHER FLUIDS
Year: 1875

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Firth, of Halifax, in the County of York,
Brass Founder and Finisher, for the Invention of "AN IMPROVEMENT
IN TAPS FOR STEAM AND OTHER FLUIDS."
Scaled the 23rd May 1876, and dated the 24th November 1875.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Firth at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
24th November 1875.
I, JOHN FIRTH, of Halifax, in the County of York, Brass Founder
and Finisher, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"AN IMPROVEMENT IN TAPS FOR STEAM AND OTHER FLUIDS," to be as
follows:-
The object of this Invention is to obtain a more direct or straight
passage for the steam or fluid when the passage is open than heretofore
in the class of hollow and inverted plug taps. For this purpose I
employ an ordinary taper barrel fitted with a hollow plug, having only
one aperture in its side opposite the outlet branch which is at an inclina-

page_text: tion or angle to the barrel, and opposite the bottom of the plug I
place the inlet branch, also at an inclination and in a line with the
outlet branch, so that a straight line is formed in the passage from the
inlet through the plug and the outlet.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said John Firth in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 24th May 1876.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOHN
FIRTH, of Halifax, in the County of York, Brass Founder, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-fourth day of November, in
the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-five,
in the thirty-eighth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and
successors, give and grant unto me, the said Jolin Firth, Her special
licence that I, the said John Firth, my executors, administrators,
and assigns, or such others as I, the said John Firth, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no
others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "AN IMPROVEMENT IN
TAPS FOR STEAM AND OTHER FLUIDS," upon the condition (amongst others)
that I, the said John Firth, my executors or administrators, by an
instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and
seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause
the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said John Firth, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement and accompanying Sheet of Drawings:-
The object of this Invention is to obtain a more direct or straight
A NEW OR IMPROVED SOLID BRICK FOR THE CONSTRUCTION OF HOLLOW WALLS OR ARCHES
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Peter Jensen at the Office of tho
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 15th April
1875. A communication from abroad by Paul Schonlau, of Lage,
in Lippe, in the German Empirc.
I, PETER JENSEN, of Chancery Lane, London, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "A NEW OR IMPROVED SOLID BRICK FOR THE
CONSTRUCTION OF HOLLOW WALLS OR ARCHES" (a communication to me from
abroad by Paul Schonlau, of Lage, in Lippe, in the German Empire) to
be as follows :—
Bricks made according to this Invention are hollowed out on two
opposite sides so as to form an I section, or more or less approaching to
same. The properties and advantages of this kind of brick are the
following Any wall is constructed by it in an casier way than by the
ordinary bricks, as the wall does not only attain its full thickness by the
laying of one brick only, but the exact direction of the course on one
side suffices to ensure the correctness of its other side.
In constructing hollow arches where a stratum of air has to lie in the
middle of two courses of brickwork this brick has the advantage of

page_text: allowing the upper part to be constructed at the same time, the lower
part only needing to be supported.
The brick may be made of considerable size, because the middle or
connecting part which contains the centre of gravity is taken hold of in
handling, so that a much greater amount of brickwork may be con-
structed in the same time than with the ordinary brick. The brick is
dried and burnt quicker and better than the ordinary brick Brick walls
constructed with this brick have much greater stability than those made
with the ordinary bricks, because the weight is more lessened in a much
greater ratio than their momentum of energy.
A NEW MACHINE OR APPARATUS FOR STRIPPING OR PEELING THE BARK OF OSTERS OR WILLOWS OR ANY KIND OF BASKET RODS, TO BE WORKED EITHER BY STEAK, HORSE, OR HAND POWER
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Cornelius Bremerkamp at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
16th June 1875.
I, CORNELIUS BREMERKAMP, of 197, New Cross Road, in the County
of Kent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "A NEW
MACHINE OR APPARATUS FOR STRIPPING OR PEELING THE BARK OF OSTERS OR
WILLOWS OR ANY KIND OF BASKET RODS, TO BE WORKED EITHER BY STEAK, HORSE,
OR HAND POWER," to be as follows :—
I have a wood or iron frame or stand about four feet long, three feet
high by two feet wide, upon which I have two or three pairs of of iron or
wooden rollers; the first pair of rollers are made with grooves for guides
to run into, the other part is covered with india-rubber about half an
inch thick; the other rollers are covered entirely with india-rubber of
the same thickness as above. The said rollers are made to propel by
steam, horse, or hand power; between the rollers I place several springs
or steel knives made so as to grip the osiers firmly as soon as it enters
on two sides, from which it passes to other springs or knives made so as
to grip the other part of the osier not before touched, by which means
the bark becomes loose, in fact falls off; by this process the peeling is

page_text: not only done much faster than by the old process, but it also prevents
the osiers or willows from being split and becoming almost useless
to the basket maker, which is the case to a great extent by the old
process.
By this Invention osiers or willows can be peeled at any time of the b
year if not ripe for peeling to boil or put them in steam for fifteen or
twenty minutes.
A NEW OR IMPROVED ROLLER SKATE
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Percy David Hedderwick at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 15th December 1875.
I, PERCY DAVID HEDDERWICK, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark,
North Britain, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"A NEW OR IMPROVED ROLLER SKATE," to be as follows, that is to say :-
This Invention relates to a new or improved roller skate.
The improvement consists in the arrangement whereby the axles are
caused to assume a position radial to one another, that is to say, radiating
from a common centre when it is desired to perform curves in any
direction. This object is effected by mounting the shafts or axles which
carry the rollers upon studs fixed to the clog of the skate, the axles and
studs being united by ball-and-socket or equivalent joints at the centre,
of the axle. V shaped or two armed springs are also fixed to the clog
& carried down at an angle, so that the two extremities of each spring
are attached to and press upon the axles at both sides of the central

page_text: joint, or a single spring carried at a similar angle, and attached to one
side of the axle may be used if made sufficiently stiff. With this
arrangement by inclining the clog the axles are radiated from a common
centre, and the skater travels or proceeds in a curve to the right or left,
as he
may wish.
IMPROVEMENTS IN AUDIBLE FOG AND OTHER SIGNALS
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Richardson Wigham at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 5th November 1875.
I, JOHN RICHARDSON WIGHAM, residing at Capel Street, in the City
of Dublin, Ireland, Gas Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN AUDIBLE FOG AND OTHER SIGNALS," to
be as follows :-
My Invention relates to audible signals produced by an instrument of
the kind known as a siren, wherein a disc with holes or slots in it being
made to revolve rapidly by steam, compressed air, or other fluid under
pressure in front of another perforated or slotted disc, a loud note is
produced by the intermittent passage of the fluid through the slots or
perforations.
The chief object of my Invention is the arrangement of an instrument
of this kind in a compact and convenient form, such as may be used for
signalling purposes on shipboard; the apparatus being so arranged that
the sound can be directed to any desired quarter, and can be varied and
interrupted at regular intervals. For this purpose I provide a vertical

page_text: pipe with a rotating valve through which the steam or acting fluid
passes in greater or less volume according as the valve is more or less
opened, and for the purpose of varying the valve opening I work it by
gearing from a hand wheel mounted on the pipe which serves as a
stand for the apparatus. On the top of the pipe I provide a stuffing
box receiving a trunnion projecting downwards from the side of a
horizontal cylinder; one end of this cylinder constitutes the fixed
slotted or perforated dise, and on its outer face is mounted the rotating
disc; the holes or slots in these discs having their edges inclined, so that
fluid issuing through them causes the outer disc to revolve. Tho
cylinder and its discs are all enclosed in a trumpet-mouthed casing, which
along with them can be turned round in any direction on the trunnion
joint at the summit of the pipe. The sound produced by the siren can
thus be directed to any quarter by turning the mouth of the trumpet in
the desired direction, and the note can be varied in pitch and volume, or
entirely interrupted by varying or closing the valve passage for the
1
IMPROVEMENTS IN LOCOMOTIVE AND OTHER STEAM BOILERS, AND IN FURNACES AND APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Marshall at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 20th
September 1875.
I, JAMES MARSHALL, of Gainsborough, in the County of Lincoln,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN LOCOMOTIVE AND OTHER STEAM BOILERS, AND IN FURNACES AND
APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH," to be as follows:-
The primary object of this Invention is to provide for the effectual
burning of sawdust or other light fuel in boilers of the locomotive type,
but the mechanical details of the furnace are applicable to boilers of
other descriptions.
The construction of the furnace consists of a peculiar arrangement of
a series of flat or curved plates arranged one above another in front of
the ordinary grate bars. Spaces are left between the plates for the
free admission of air over and amongst the sawdust or other light fuel.
The fire-door is made in the form of a flap, hinged at top end and opening
inwards, rising freely for the charges of fresh fuel, but falling again by

page_text: door.
Underneath the furnace door are a series of louvre plates pivotted at
the sides, and connected by a rod to each other, and also to a small lever
or catch link, by which means the louvres can be readily set to admit
any desired quantity of air in an upward current into the ash-pit for the
supply of the furnace through the flat or curved plates down which the
fuel has to pass on its way to the ordinary grate bars. In applying this
to boilers of the locomotive type, to make room for the louvre plates and
to obtain the necessary supply of fresh air, the usual water space in
front of the fire-box is dispensed with, and additional length is given to
the fire-box to provide the necessary heating surface, and afford an
abundance of space for the combustion of the gases, and prevention of
smoke and sparks. A fire-brick arch is constructed in the fire-box under
the tube ends, and inclining upwards towards the furnace door to further
facilitate the complete combustion of the fuel and gases.
The flat or curved plates (over which the fuel passes) may either be
fixed rigidly in a horizontal or slightly inclined position, or pivotted at
the ends; when pivotted I connect them to each other by a rod which is
jointed to a lever. By this means the whole of the plates can be secured
with any desired inclination.
When requiring-cleaning-the-attendant has the means of readily
imparting a rocking movement-to-the plates for that purpose.
The bottom of the furnace is provided with ordinary fire-bars, except
that I make-the-air_space_very_narrow-for- about two-thirds of their
length, the remaining portion being extra wide for getting rid of any
waste ash and dirt, and giving room for a supply of fresh air at this end
of grate, which is admitted through the ash pan door at the back, the ash
pan-being provided with a door at each end.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ADVERTISING
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Jaap at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 20th April
1875.
I, JOHN JAAP, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North Britain,
Pharmaceutical Chemist, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN ADVERTISING," to be as follows, that is to
say:―
This Invention, which relates to a new or improved method or means
of advertising, consists in utilizing the blank side of labels which are
affixed to bottles and denoting their contents for that purpose.
According to this Invention an advertisement, trade mark, or other
device is printed, painted, stained, or otherwise impressed upon the blank
or adhesive side of the labels, and when the labels so prepared are affixed
to the bottles on which they are to be employed the advertisement is
seen and may be read through the transparent liquid.