A NEW FILE-CUTTING MACHINE
Year: 1868

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Hermann Moritz and Jacob Reinach, of Berlin,
in the Kingdom of Prussia, Manufacturers, for the Invention of
"A NEW FILE-CUTTING MACHINE."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Hermann Moritz
and Jacob Reinach at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 31st July 1868.
We, HERMANN MORITZ and JACOB REINACH, of Berlin, in the
Kingdom of Prussia, Manufacturers, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "A New FILE-CUTTING MACHINE," to be as
follows:-
This Invention relates to a machine for cutting files whereby the
operations of hand cutting are effected with results more accurate than
can be obtained thereby, and with greater rapidity of manufacture.
In this machine the hammer or cutter is set on an axis which
oscillates so as to cause the hammer to rise and fall by a tappet motion
and cut the file, which travels underneath the cutter backwards and
forwards so as to effect the cross or angular reversed cuts or grooves

page_text: in the file. The main driving axle is set in motion by a band from a
shaft actuated by a steam engine, and carries two tappets which tilt the
hammer on its axle; this hammer strikes upon the head of the chisel.
The file rests on a cushion of lead on an anvil moved by bevil gearing.
To withdraw the anvil the driving strap is moved to another pulley on
the driving shaft, which actuates other bevil gearing having a reverse.
direction of the former. To produce an equal or uniform depth of the
cuttings the force of the blows must be alterable, according to the
breadth of the file, and this is effected by displacing the hammer lift
and its axis from the frame of the machine by screw axles worked by
a hand crank wheel which carries the motion forward through angle
wheels upon the axles. By these means the hammer is brought nearer
to or distant from the tappets, and thus the stroke can be increased
or diminished, or by sinking the frame the hammer and tappet can be
completely neutralized. The back action of the hammer is obviated
by two spiral springs above the axis, these springs are compressed by
the hammer, the one when it is lifted the other when it falls. These
springs are regulated by a crank and spiral axle by raising and sinking
the axis of the hammer. To prevent the difference in the fall of the
hammer caused by the tapering form of the file blank while passing
under the chisel the anvil moves in a sloping slide, so that when it is
in its highest position the file is thinnest. In order to regulate the
position of the file blank on the lead cushion, the point or handle of
the file blank rests in a socket formed in a fork which encloses the
anvil. This fork is capable of lateral motion on a pivot, and is lifted or
tilted during the progress of the cutting by a lever and connecting rod.
The adjustment and fixing of the chisel forms the most essential
feature of the Invention, its motions being equivalent to those effected
by hand file cutting. The chisel is held in the ascertained angle by
pincers which are lined with india-rubber. They travel to and fro in
a slide set in a bow or fork, and the axis of motion is determined by
turning the bow or fork by a shaft and setting the same.
This arrange-
ment of the chisel is for the lower blows and cuts, but for the upper
blows the entire bow is revolved, the shaft enters a tubular casing, which
enables its projection to be adjustable, and as the tube turns in a bearing
the shaft and chisel apparatus corresponds with the motion.
The action of the machine is as follows:-The hammer having hit
the chisel, and thus caused the chisel to strike its cutting blow on the

page_text: file blank, the combination of the horizontal motion of the chisel causes
it to retire out of the cut without damaging its quality. The im
perfections of file-cutting machines hitherto constructed consist
principally in their not attaining this chief object. Previous to the
next blow the anvil with the file has advanced for the sufficient distance
for the next cut, and the edge of the chisel is in position to descend on
a new cut.
SPECIFICATION filed in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters
Patent, and of an Order of the Lord Chancellor, by the said Hermann
Moritz and Jacob Reinach in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
10th February 1869.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, HERMANN
MORITZ and JACOB REINACH, of Berlin, in the Kingdom of Prussia,
Manufacturers, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Thirty-first day of July, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-eight, in the thirty-
second year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto us, the said Hermann Moritz and Jacob
Reinach, Her special licence that we, the said Hermann Moritz and
Jacob Reinach, our executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others
as we, the said Hermann Moritz and Jacob Reinach, our exccutors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others,
from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein
expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and 'vend;
within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "A NEW FILE-CUTTING
MACHINE," upon the condition (amongst others) that we, the said Hermann
Moritz and Jacob Reinach, our executors or administrators, by an
instrument in writing under our or their, or one of their hands and
seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause.
the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar;
months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent. ::

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said Hermann Moritz and Jacob
Reinach, do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention, and in
what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described
and ascertained in and by the following statement (that to say):
The combinations of the various mechanical motions of the file-cutting
machine illustrated in the accompanying three Sheets of Drawings are
as nearly as possible similar to the operation of hand file cutting.
The chief driving axle. A set in motion by straps from any suitable
motor drives by two tappets a the tilt hammer X fixed to the axle B.
This hammer actuates the chisel which strikes its blows upon the file.
The said file rests on a lead cushion on the anvil A, which is moved by
cog and bevil wheel gear a', i, i, d', d², n', n², and f by the screwed axle F.
To withdraw the anvil the driving strap is pushed upon the disc a³,
whereby the motion is transferred to the axles G and H by the toothed
wheel h and toothed shaft B which are fixed to the anvil. The vice
jaws A must be previously separated from the screw mandril, which is
brought about by raising the weight S and the chase T (see Sheet 2,
Fig. 5). The strap pulley h and toothed wheel h can be joined and
separated by a coupling through the mechanism L, L. In the first
case the anvil moves backwards, in the other case the strap pulley /
runs free and serves as a loosening disc to a. The anvil however can
then be displaced by the overhung crank on the axle H.
We will now proceed to a detailed description of the mechanism. To
produce an equal depth of cutting the force of the blows must be
variable according to the breadth of the file, and this is effected by
disconnecting the tilt hammer in. the following manner :-The position
of the vertical chase D upon which the axis of the hammer B rests
may be changed in the frame of the machine by the screw axles F,
that is to say, from the hand crank wheel m³ which carries the motion
forward through bevil wheels upon the axles L, K, T, and T. By
displacing the chase the tail X of the hammer is brought nearer to
or more distant from the tappet a', and thus the stroke can be increased,
or by a further sinking of the frame the force of the hammer and
tappet may be completely neutralized. The back stroke of the hammer
is prevented by two spiral springs E, E¹, above the axes N, N', which
are compressed by the hammer in one case when it is lifted and again
when it falls (see Sheet 2, Figs 3 and 4). One of these springs E

page_text: is subject to regulation to the required extent by the hand crank o
and spiral axle O; the other spring E may be regulated by raising
and sinking the chase, as a screw on the end of the axle T turns
the screw on the screwed axis N as in a box. To obviate the
difference in the fall of the hammer originating from the file becoming
thinner in the course of cutting, the anvil moves in an inclined slide,
so that when it is in its highest position, the file is thinnest. In order
to cause the file to remain continually in its position on the lead cushion
its pivot rests in a part L of the frame M which is forked round the
anvil and revolves at a. This latter is combined by levers with the
axis S (Sheet 2, Fig. 2), and is lifted in the progress of the work by
the slanting lever à on the axis S resting against a roller O, and is
thus lowered (see Sheet 3, Fig. 2). This is likewise effected by a
step P or rod P₁, by which through an axis T and levert the roller O
is depressed. The rollers U and U', which are lifted vertically by
steps R and R' serve to hold the file.
The placing of the chisel, the motions of which are very similar to
those of hand file cutting, forms the most essential part of the machine ;
it is represented full size in Sheet 3, Fig. 5, and its connection with
the whole is clearly perceptible in the Drawing. The chisel is held in
the required angle to the vertical line by the pincers F, which are
lined with india-rubber. They push to and fro with the sliding piece F¹
in the box F. In plan the axis of motion in conjunction with the
cylindrical rod G where the box is fixed forms or produces the angle
for the lower blows. For the upper blows the apparatus is revolved
round the angle at B and again fixed. The length of the rod G is
adjustable in the pipe G which revolves in the tubular bearing p of
the axis P. By turning the axis P. round an angle the chisel is raised,
and this is effected by the cam a² of the main axle which moves
the lever having its fulcrum on the axis R, and transfers this motion
by the lever p¹ to the shaft P and the chisel mechanism.
A spiral
spring in the case p³ drives the whole apparatus back again (see Sheet 3;
Fig. 1). The shifting motion of the sliding piece F¹, which is all
important to the action of the chisel, proceeds from the cams a³ and a*,
5 because by the rods q' and q the axis T and tubular shaft q are
turned, and this revolution is conveyed to the sliding picce F by the
levers 1, 2, 3, and 4. With the upper blows the pivot of the angle
lever 3 is removed from j to j. The angle of oscillation of the axis P
may be regulated by the little wheel H, and the horizontal displace-

page_text: ment of the chisel mechanism is effected by turning the crank wheel p
which is fixed on its axle, the axis P being pushed forward in a horizontal
direction. The latter is moved forward vertically and with it the entire
chisel holding apparatus by raising its resting pieces, which are moveable
in the slide frame by turning the axle K by means of bevil and toothed
wheels.
The mechanism thus described works as follows:-The hammer having
struck the chisel and the said chisel having struck its blow, the com-
bination of the horizontal motion of the chisel by shifting the sliding
piece and lifting the whole chisel holder by turning the axle P causes
the said chisel to leave the cut without damaging it. The imperfections
of the old file-cutting machines consist principally in their not attaining
this object. Before the next blow the anvil with the file has advanced
the length of one cut, and the edge of the chisel has become placed
on the file where the new cut is to be made. Should the edge of the
chisel become oblique or slanted a proper position on the file is
duced by turning the shaft G by the lever K, and fixing the latter in
the required position.
pro-
This machine is constructed for cutting arm as well as smooth files;
as for the latter it is only necessary to employ different wheel gear.
Having thus described the nature and particulars of our said Invention
we claim, the file-cutting machine as herein described and illustrated
in the accompanying Sheets of Drawings.
In witness whereof, we, the said Hermann Moritz and Jacob
Reinach, have hereunto set our hands and seals, this Twenty-
sixth day of January, in the year of our Lord One thousand
eight hundred and sixty-nine. .