IMPROVEMENTS IN SPINNING, AND IN APPARATUS CONNECTED THERE- WITH
Year: 1878

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Leonard Ellis, Sidney Aquila Ellis, of Dudley
Hill, near Bradford, in the County of York, Spinners and Manufacturers, and
James Ellis, of Bradford, in the aforesaid County, Gentleman, for the Invention
of "IMPROVEMENTS IN SPINNING, AND IN APPARATUS CONNECTED THERE-
WITH."
Sealed the 29th April 1879, and dated the 25th November 1878.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Leonard Ellis,
Sidney Aquila Ellis, and James Ellis at the Office of the Commissioners of
Patents on the 25th November 1878.
WILLIAM LEONARD ELLIS, SIDNEY AQUILA ELLIS, of Dudley Hill, near Bradford,
in the County of York, Spinners and Manufacturers, and JAMES ELLIS, of Bradford,
in the aforesaid County, Gentleman. "IMPROVEMENTS IN SPINNING, AND IN
APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH."
Our Invention and improvements relate to preventing untwisted draughted
roving from being attached to the adjoining draughted roving or rovings being
twisted into yarn as they leave the drawing or delivery rollers, and preventing the
formation of "doubles," and also producing a very small loss by snarls, and con-
veying the draughted roving to the drawing rollers, there to be rolled and formed
into roller laps during the time the spinner or operator is occupied elsewhere, and
preventing entangled yarn made from two or more rollers which has to be pulled
away from the bobbin, and which produces waste of much less value than roller
laps.
For this purpose we remove the top board from a spinning frame and cause the
yarn to come direct from the nips of the drawing rollers to the top of a cap fitted
on the top of any ordinary flyer, the yarn passing through a small hole in a boss
cast on a plate fitted inside the cap. The caps are made of different shapes,
although similar in principle; we construct caps made with short cups, and each cap
Price 61

page_text: is made with a collar to fix the cap on the top of the flyer; in and near the top of
the cap is fitted a plate having a boss in which is made a small hole through which
passes the yarn to the flyer; the yarn when piccing up is passed through small
openings made in the side of the plate which are made to curve half round the boss
and enter the hole in the boss on the other side of entering the plate; the other
side of the plate is made to curve the reverse way; these curved openings prevent
the yarn twisting or flying out when spinning; the sides of the cups and part of
the cap are cut away to allow room for piecing up, and the top of the cup is made
with anqular cut away portions in which are made notches, and which allow the
untwisted draughted roving to be caught therein when attempting to form doubles,
and which causes it to be caught in the teeth of a small fine comb or combs which
is or are fitted on boxes fixed between each set of drawing rollers, the back part of
the boxes extending through the length of the frame; the comb or combs retain the
draughted roving and cause the drawing or delivery rollers to take it up and roll
the same round one of the rollers forming roller laps which can be employed again
in spinning, and also prevent snarls; the cutaway tops of the cups are more or less
angular.
We also employ caps made longer in the bodies than those herein-before described,
but with similar top plates, bosses, and openings; the length of body allows more
length of yarn from the eye or hole in the plate to the flyer top, and more room for
piecing up; some of these caps are made also with higher cups and with longer
and more anqular cutaway tops, in which are made notches in which is caught the
draughted roving to carry it to the comb or combs; or we employ similar caps
having no cups, the plates forming the tops; these caps only prevent waste by
snarls and do not prevent doubles, but give greater facility for piecing up, and we
employ a plate made with teeth or notches which is fitted between each set of
drawing rollers; the plate is fitted and fixed to the box on which are fixed the
combs, or we fix the plate having teeth or notches to a wooden rail fixed under the
rollers and inside the spinning frame; the untwisted draughted roving is caught in
the teeth or notches, and there held until taken up by one of the drawing rollers to
form roller laps and prevent "doubles."
The metal caps can be fitted to any ordinary flyer, and the apparatus can be
employed in spinning wool, silk, or flax.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said William Leonard Ellis, Sidney Aquila Ellis, and James Ellis in the
Great Seal Patent Office on the 21st May 1879.
WILLIAM LEONARD ELLIS, SIDNEY AQUILA ELLIS, of Dudley Hill, near Bradford,
in the County of York, Spinners and Manufacturers, and JAMES ELLIS, of Bradford,
in the aforesaid County, Gentleman. "IMPROVEMENTS IN SPINNING, AND IN
APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH."
The said Invention and improvements relate to preventing untwisted draughted
roving from being attached to the adjoining draughted roving or rovings which are
being twisted into yarn as they leave the drawing or delivery rollers, and thus
preventing or partially preventing the formation of "doubles," also producing but
little loss by snarls, and conveying the draughted rovings to the drawing rollers,
there to be rolled and formed into roller laps during the time the spinner or operator
is occupied elsewhere, and preventing entangled yarn being made from two or more
rollers, which entangled yarn would have to be pulled away from the bobbin, and
which produces waste of much less value than roller laps.
For this purpose we remove the top board usually employed in a spinning frame,
and cause the yarn to come direct from the nip of the drawing rollers to an opening
in the top of a cap fitted on the top of any ordinary flyer, the yarn passing through
a small hole in the centre of a plate fitted inside and on the top of the cap. The
cap is made as is hereinafter shewn in and described with reference to Figures 3, 4,
5, 6, and 7 of the Drawing annexed, with a kind of cup and collar, the collar being
cut with a screw with which to fix the cap and flyer on the spindle, and the cap is-
secured on the top of the flyer; on the top of the cap is fitted a plate made by
preference of steel, in which is made a small hole through which the yarn passes to
the flyer; the yarn when being pieced up is passed through a small opening made
in the side of the steel plate, and a part of the plate is cut away to facilitate the
passing of the yarn to the small centre hole; or openings can be inade on each side
of the steel plate or by cutting away parts of the plate.
The roving when coming from the drawing rollers, whenever it is about to form
snarls, is caught in the teeth of a small comb, and a comb is fitted at the back of
each spindle; the combs are fixed to a rail extending the length of the spinning
frame which we term the comb rail; the comb or combs retain the draughted
roving, and cause the drawing or delivery rollers to take it up and roll the same
round one of the rollers, thus forming roller laps, which can be employed again in
spinning; we also employ a plate made with teeth or notches fitted between each
set of drawing rollers; these plates are fixed on the top of the comb rail fitted in
the spinning frame, and on which are fixed the combs; the untwisted draughted
roving is caught in the teeth of the plates and there held until it is taken up by one
of the drawing rollers to form roller laps and prevent "doubles." The caps do not
prevent "doubles," but give great facility for piecing up; the cap can be employed
in machines used for spinuing wool, silk, or flax, or other fibres.
But in order to enable our improvements to be better understood, we will proceed
to describe the same by reference to the accompanying Drawing, in which Figure 1
represents a side sectional elevation of part of a spinning frame with our improve-
ments fitted thereto; Figure 2, front elevation of the same; Figure 3 represents a
front elevation (drawn full size) of part of a spindle and flyer, to which is fitted a
cap shewn in section; Figure 4, side elevation; Figure 5, front elevation, and
Figure 6, plan of the same, shewing one opening cut in the cap plate, and Figure 7
is a plan shewing two openings cut in the cap plate; Figure 8 represents a front
view of a small comb drawn full size, and Figure 9 a side view of the same and
section of the rail board which is fitted inside the spinning frame; Figure 10

page_text: represents a side view of a guard or plate drawn full size, which is fitted on the rail
board; Figure 11 is a front view of the same; Figure 12 represents an enlarged
side view of the teeth of the guard plate, and Figure 13 front view of the same.
Similar letters of reference are used in all the Figures to represent similar parts.
A is the side frame of a spinning frame to which is fixed the rail B extending
the length of the frame; to this rail is fixed a wooden frame or comb rail C, the
usual top board of the spinning frame is removed, thereby causing the yarn D to
come direct from the drawing rollers E and F to the cap or cup G, which is fixed on
the top of the flyer H; the yarn passes through the centre hole I drilled in the
plate J, which is by preference made of steel; this plate is fixed in the top of the
cap or cup, and is inade with a small slot opening K, and with a cutaway opening
L which allows the easily piecing up and the passing of the yarn into the centre
hole I and to the flyer; we may employ plates fixed in the caps or cups made
with two slot openings K, and with two cutaway openings L, as shewn in Figure 7;
the cap or cup is made with a collar M, which is cut with a screw to allow of it
being screwed on the flyer top on the spindle N, the cap or cup is also made with
two side openings O to facilitate the piecing up, and to allow the yarn to pass to
the flyer eye. The draughted roving when about to form snarls is caught in the
teeth of the small comb P. and a comb is fitted behind each spindle and fixed to
the wooden comb rail C. The combs retain the draughted roving and cause the
drawing or delivery rollers to take the said draughted roving up and roll the same
round one of the rollers forming roller laps which can be employed again in
spinning.
We also employ guards or plates Q which are fitted between each set of drawing
or delivering rollers; these guards are fitted on a board R connected to the wooden
comb rail C, and fixed on the rail B; the guards are cut with teeth S which are
bent over as shewn in Figures 12 and 13, and drawn to a larger scale than the
actual size; the bottom parts of the teeth are by preference made two thirds the
length of the turned over parts T, and metal plates U are fixed on each side of the
guard plates which slightly project beyond the turned over ends of the teeth to
prevent accidents to the spinner, should the band come in contact with the points
and prevent injury with the teeth. The untwisted draughted roving is caught in
the teeth of the guards and there held until taken up by one of the drawing rollers
so as to form roller laps and also preventing "doubles."
Having thus described our improvements and the best means we are acquainted
with for carrying the same into effect, we would have it understood that we do not
confine ourselves to the precise details shewn and described, as they may be varied
without departing from the peculiar character of the Invention, and we would state
in respect of this Invention that we are aware that shields, or guards, blades, forks,
or inclined openings or other similar projections have been fitted to the guide rail or
top board of spinning frames to catch broken or slack ends, and prevent "doubles "
and snarls to which we make no claim, but what we do claim is,-
Firstly. The combination of parts forming our improved apparatus or machinery
for preventing untwisted draughted roving from being attached to the adjoining
draughted roving or rovings while they are being twisted into yarn, and so pre-
venting "doubles substantially as hereinbefore described, and represented in
Figures 1, 2, 10, 11, 12, and 13, in the accompanying Drawing.
"
Secondly. The use in spinning machinery of our improved apparatus wherein the
yarn is caused to come direct from the nip of the drawing rollers and through a
small centre hole made in a top plate fixed in a cap or cup which is fitted on the
top of the flyer; the guide rail or top board being dispensed with, the apparatus
being constructed substantially as and for the purpose herein described, and as
represented in the annexed Drawing.
Thirdly. The employment of two combs or toothed instruments fitted one at or
near the back of the spindles, and the other between the rollers or nearly so, by
means of which broken or slack ends and snarls are caught in the teeth of the said

page_text: combs, substantially as hereinbefore described, and represented in the accompanying
Drawing.
. In witness whereof, we, the said William Leonard Ellis, Sidney Aquila Ellis,
and James Ellis, have hereto set our hands and seals, this Nineteenth day
of May, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy
nine
0 Witness,
WALTER JAS. TURNER, C.E.,
Patent Agent,
Bradford.
WILLIAM LEONARD ELLIS. (L.S.)
SIDNEY AQUILA ELLIS. (L.S.)
JAMES ELLIS.
(L.S.)