IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CEMENT
Year: 1863

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to George Tomlinson Bousfield, of Loughborough Park,
Brixton, in the County of Surrey, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CEMENT."-A communication from abroad by
Samuel Hilton, residing at Providence, in the State of Rhode Island, in
the United States of America.
Sealed the 2nd October 1868, and dated the 15th August 1863.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said George Tomlinson Bous-
field at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 15th August 1863.
- I, GEORGE TOMLINSON BOUSFIELD, of Loughborough Park, Brixton, in the
County of Surrey, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "Ix-
PROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CEMENT," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in the manufacture of
cement, and consists in combining tannin with gelatine, whereby an adhesive
cement, which is perfectly insoluble in either water or oil, will be obtained.
I take three pounds of gelatine and one pound of tannin, dissolve the former
in about one wine gallon of water at a temperature of 212° of Fahrenheit;
dissolve in a separate vessel the tannin in one half a gallon of alcohol at the
ordinary temperature of the atmosphere; next throw the two solutions
together and suffer them to stand until cold, when it will be found that the
tannin and gelatine have combined in the form of a thick viscid precipitate.
The mass should then be heated over a slow fire to the temperature of about

page_text: 106° Fahrenheit until the water and alcohol have become separated from the
combined tannin and gelatine, and been thrown off by evaporation. This
latter process, which should be accompanied with agitation of the mass by
stirring it, in addition to effecting a separation of the solvents from the
respective elements, modifies the character of the composition itself, and
thoroughly effects the combination of the elements of which it is composed.
If a more complete union of the elements is thought advisable, add to the
mixture after the last-described process one pound of vinegar and one pound
of alcohol for every pound of the composition, and boil until the mass is
homogeneous and of the consistency desired; this last-named process, however,
i not essential to the production of the article, but is of value in those cases
when the process previously described has not been attended with the best
results.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said George Tomlinson Bousfield in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 12th February 1864.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, GEORGE
TOMLINSON BOUSFIELD, of Loughborough Park, Brixton, in the County of
Surrey, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Fifteenth day of August, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-three, in the twenty-seventh year of ITer
reign, did, for 'Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, tho
said Georgo Tomlinson Bousfield, Her special licence that I, the said George
Tomlinson Bousfield, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others
as we, the said George Tomlinson Bousfield, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and
at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully
might make, use, oxercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CEMENT," a communication to me
from abroad by Samuel Hilton, a person resident at Providence, in the State
of Rhode Island, in the United States of America, upon the condition (amongst
others) that I, tho said George Tomlinson Bousfield, my executors or adminis-
trators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands
and seals, should particularly describo and ascertain the nature of the said

page_text: Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the
same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months
next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said George Tomlinson Bousfield, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is
to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement thereof, that is to say:-
The Invention consists in the discovery that when that peculiar astringent
principlo of vegetables which is known by the name of tannin, and which is
the agent by which animal skin is converted into leather, is combined with
that principle found in the tendons, ligaments, cartilage, and bones of animals,
and in the sounds of fish, which is known under the name of gelatine, the
result will be, after a process of manufacture, herein-after described, an
adhesive cement, which is perfectly insoluble in either water or oil.
For the purpose of enabling others to compound the article, I will state the
proportions of each element which can most advantageously be employed and tho
process of combining them :-Take three pounds of gelatine and one pound of
tannin, dissolve the former in about one wine gallon of water at a temperature
of 212° of Fahrenheit; dissolve in a separato vessel the tannin in one half a
gallon of alcohol at the ordinary temperaturo of the atmosphere; next throw
the two solutions together and suffer them to stand until cold, when it will be
found that the tannin and gelatino have combined in the form of a thick viscid
precipitate. The mass should then be heated over a slow fire to the tem-
perature of about 106° Fahrenheit, until the water and alcohol have becomo
separated from the combined tannin and gelatine, and been thrown off by
evaporation. This latter process, which should be accompanied with agitation
of the mass by stirring it, in addition to effecting a separation of the solvents
from the respective elements, modifies the character of the composition itself,
and thoroughly effects the combination of the elements of which it is com-
posed. If a more complete union of the elements is thought advisable, add
to the mixture, after the last-described process, one pound of vinegar and one
pound of alcohol for every pound of the composition, and boil until the mass
is homogeneous and of the consistency desired; this last-named process, how-
ever, is not essential to the production of the article, but is of value in those
cases when the process previously described has not been attended with
the best results. The cement which is thus produced has been found
superior to any other composition for uniting leather belting or strips of
leather together. As it is perfectly insoluble in either water or oil it is
especially adapted for belts or bands which are to be used in a moist or damp

page_text: place, and for securing together the pieces of leather which compose the entire
sole of a boot or shoe. The best method of applying the cement is to place it
in a suitable vessel and raise it to the boiling point, then spread the com-
position upon the surfaces to be united, and confine them under pressure until
the cement has become cold.
I wish it to be distinctly understood that the Invention, which is the subject
of this Patent, does not consist in the use of the precise formula above given,
nor in the particular method by which the elements composing the cement are
made to combine together, inasmuch as tannin and gelatine may be dissolved
by various other agents than those described, and may be combined in other
proportions, so as to produce a composition of matter substantially the same
chemical character and possessing similar useful qualities to that which dis-
tinguishes this. What I do claim as the Invention, and desire to secure by
Letters Patent as a new article of manufacture, is, a cement made of the two
materials heretofore first mentioned in combination, substantially as described.
In witness whereof, I, the said George Tomlinson Bousfield, have
hereunto set my hand and seal, this Fifth day of February, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-four.
GEO. T. BOUSFIELD. (L.B.)