AN IMPROVED MACHINE FOR CUTTING KEYWAYS OR GROOVES IN PULLEYS OR WHEELS, AND PARTLY APPLICABLE FOR BORING, PLANING, AND SIMILAR OPERATIONS
Year: 1880

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Robert Lake, of the Firm of Haseltine, Lake,
& Co., Patent Agents, Southampton Buildings, London, for an Invention of
"AN IMPROVED MACHINE FOR CUTTING KEYWAYS OR GROOVES IN PULLEYS
OR WHEELS, AND PARTLY APPLICABLE FOR BORING, PLANING, AND SIMILAR
OPERATIONS." A communication from abroad by Pierre Philippe Huré, of
Paris, France.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Robert Lake at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 9th July 1880.
WILLIAM ROBERT LAKE, of the Firm of Haseltine, Lake, & Co., Patent Agents,
Southampton Buildings, London. "AN IMPROVED MACHINE FOR CUTTING KEY-
WAYS OR GROOVES IN PULLEYS OR WHEELS, AND PARTLY APPLICABLE FOR BORING,
PLANING, AND SIMILAR OPERATIONS." [A communication from abroad by Pierre
Philippe Huré, of Paris, France.]
This Invention relates to a machine designed chiefly to form by the aid of a
special tool, keyways, grooves, or channels in the naves or hubs of pulleys, fly
wheels, toothed wheels and the like, more expeditiously and with greater accuracy
than is practicable by the employment of any of the tools or machines heretofore
used. The tool-holder made according to this Invention may also be employed
independently of the machine herein described, and in combination with a shaping
or planing machine a mortising machine, a fluting or grooving machine, or other
machine tools.
This Invention is also partly applicable to the tool-holders of boring machines
and rifling machines, and may be used generally for all work in which the cutting
tool is required to advance into the interior of the object operated upon.
The said Invention comprises the following features, that is to say :-A vertical
plate cast with the frame of the machine to receive the objects to be grooved, or
channelled; mechanism for giving a to and fro movement (with an accelerated return
motion) controlled by a cylinder to which the tool holder is attached, and provision
for instantaneously changing the direction of travel of, or stopping the tool, consisting
of two racks placed perpendicularly with regard to each other and operated by two
united toothed wheels.

page_text: By means of this Invention the work is effected in a very regular manner and in
much less time than is necessary to trace and prepare the part in readiness for a
chisel to make the groove or channel. This improved machine will cut keyways,
grooves, or channels in apertures of all diameters from 20 /m whatever may be
their length, without any danger of the tool holder yielding or giving way, as it is
always supported by the upper wall of the aperture or hole; and by means of a
simple arrangement, to allow for placing fly wheels of large diameter, the said
machine will cut a groove or keyway in such wheels. The mounting or fixing is
effected with the greatest facility.
By means of the tool holder, which forms an important feature of the said 1
machine, the channels or grooves are always made perfectly parallel to the bore,
and the said tool holder is also applicable to planing machines and other machine
tools, as above stated.
In order that my Invention may be clearly understood, I have represented in
the accompanying Drawing, as a specimen, a machine constructed according
thereto.
Figure 1 is a side elevation of the said machine.
Figure 2 is a plan of the same.
Figure 3 is a transverse section on the line 1, 2, Figure 1.
Figures 4 and 5 are detail views shewing the tool and tool-holder.
To the frame of the machine a support m is bolted. The mechanism is placed on
this support, and there is a solid cylinder n which has imparted to it a to and fro
The to and fro movement of the
movement in guides a bolted to the support m.
cylinder n is effected by means of a toothed pinion q gearing with teeth provided
on the upper part of the cylinder.
The tool holder o is secured to the end of the cylinder n, whose forward movement
(during which the-tool is inoperative) is effected by a series of gear wheels r, rl, yo²,
whose controlling pinion forms part of the driving pulley p¹; these two controlling
or driving parts are mounted loosely on the shaft b. The gear wheel r drives the
shaft C,
and consequently the pinion q, which operates the rack of the cylinder n. 3
The division of the toothed portion of these wheels produces the accelerated return
motion of the tool.
For the rearward motion (during which the tool operates) the pulley p keyed
upon the shaft b operates the pinion 81 gearing with the toothed wheel 8, also
keyed upon the shaft c, on which is fixed the driving pinion q of the rack.
The automatic change in the direction of movement at a desired moment is
effected in the following manner, that is to say :-
The cylinder n carries along with it the rod t, to which it is connected by the
arm d. The rod t slides in a guide e, forming part of the rack e¹ (Figure 2). The
stops flimit the travel of the said rod in both directions, and it is the piece g fixed
on the rod that produces the change of direction. In the forward movement of
the rod t the piece g encounters the guide e, and thus causes the rack el, which
acts upon the pinion u, to be moved. A second pinion u¹, cast with the other, acts
on the rod v, which is united to the belt shifter a, and the latter shifts the belt.
from the pulley p to the pulley p', and vice-versa.
To lessen the shock of the pieces g and e, the rod t is provided with spiral
springs.
The tool-holder o consists of a steel cylinder, in which is provided a recess to
receive a bevel wheel i driven by a pinion which is operated by means of a rod k
arranged to be turned by hand as much as is required, the correct distance may be
indicated by an index finger or pointer moving over divisions marked' on the end
of the cylinder o, and indicating the travel of the tool.
The tool I, which is shewn detached in Figure 4, is formed from a square shaped
bar whose angles are rounded along a portion thereof. A screw thread is provided
upon this bar and enters into a tapped portion of the wheel i, so that by turning
this wheel the tool is caused to descend, and by reason of its form cannot turn. It
will be understood that the tool may be caused to descend automatically, and, if

page_text: desired, the small pinion may be dispensed with; for example, the wheel i may be
turned with the finger, or the pinion may be replaced by an endless screw.
The tools are screw threaded according to the metrical scale, and in such a
manner that each revolution of the driving pinion causes the tool to advance the
distance of half a millimetre.
By reference to Figures 1 and 2 it will be seen that the object to be operated
upon is fastened in a very simple manner to the plate. Should this object be very
heavy it must be supported by pulley blocks and ropes.
The said tool holder may be employed in cutting conical grooves; for example,
in applying the said holder to a planing machine, the object to be cut is inclined as
desired, in order to cut a conical groove.
At each movement of the tool holder the attendant turns the rod k to the right
hand to cause the tool to advance. The divisions on the cylinder enable him to
regulate the advance of the tool and indicate the depth of the cut without the
necessity of measuring the same.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said William Robert Lake in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
8th January 1881.
WILLIAM ROBERT LAKE, of the Firm of Haseltine, Lake, and Co., Patent Agents,
Southampton Buildings, London. "AN IMPROVED MACHINE FOR CUTTING KEY-
WAYS OR GROOVES IN PULLEYS OR WHEELS, AND PARTLY APPLICABLE FOR BORING,
PLANING, AND SIMILAR OPERATIONS." A communication from abroad by Pierre
Philippe Huré, of Paris, France.
This Invention relates to a machine chiefly designed to form by the aid of a
special tool, keyways, grooves, slots, or channels in the naves or hubs of pulleys, fly
wheels, toothed wheels, and the like, more expeditiously and with greater accuracy
than is practicable by the employment of any of the tools or machines heretofore
used. The tool-holder made according to this Invention may also be employed
independently of the machine herein described, and in combination with a shaping
or planing machine, a mortising machine, a fluting or grooving machine, or other
machine tools.
This Invention is also partly applicable to the tool-holders of boring machines
and rifling machines, and may be used generally for all work in which the cutting
tool is required to advance into the interior of the object operated upon.
The said Invention comprises the following features, that is to say :-A vertical
plate cast with the frame of the machine to receive the objects to be grooved or
channelled; mechanism for giving a to and fro-movement (with an accelerated
return motion) controlled by a cylinder to which the tool holder is attached, and
provision for instantaneously changing the direction of travel, or stopping the tool,
consisting of two racks placed perpendicularly with regard to each other and
operated by two united toothed wheels.
By means of this Invention the work is effected in a very regular manner and in
much less time than is necessary to trace and prepare the part in readiness for a
chisel to make the groove or channel. This improved machine will cut keyways,
grooves, or channels in apertures of all diameters from 20"/ upward, whatever
may be their length, without any danger of the tool holder yielding or giving way,
as it is always supported by the upper wall of the aperture or hole; and by means
of a simple arrangement to allow for fixing fly wheels of large diameter, the said
machine will cut a groove or keyway in such wheels. The mounting or fixing is
effected with the greatest facility.
By means of the tool holder, which forms an important feature of the said
machine, the channels or grooves are always made perfectly parallel to the bore;
the said tool holder, moreover, is also applicable to planing machines and other
machine tools as above stated.
In order that my Invention may be clearly understood, I have represented in
the accompanying Drawing, as a specimen, a machine constructed according
thereto.
Figure 1 is a side elevation, partly in section, of the said machine.
Figure 2 is a plan, and
Figure 3 a transverse section of the same.
Figures 4 and 5 are detail views shewing the tool and tool-holder.
The remaining Figures are hereinafter described.
The mechanism is placed on
To the frame of the machine a support m is bolted.
this support, and also a solid cylinder n, which has imparted to it a to and fro
movement in guides a bolted to the support m.
The to and fro movement of this
cylinder n is effected by means of a toothed pinion q gearing with teeth on the
upper part of the cylinder.

page_text: The tool holder o is secured to the end of the cylinder n, whose forward movement
(during which the tool is inoperative) is effected by a series of gear wheels r, r¹, r²,
whose controlling pinion forms part of the driving pulley p¹; these two controlling
or driving parts are mounted loosely on the shaft b. The gear wheel drives the
shaft c, and consequently the pinion q, which gears with the rack of the cylinder n.
The division of the toothed portion of these wheels produces the accelerated return
motion of the tool.
For the rearward motion (during which the tool operates) the pulley p, keyed
upon the shaft b, operates the pinion 8', gearing with the toothed wheel 8, also
keyed upon the shaft c, on which is fixed the pinion q.
The automatic change in the direction of movement at a desired moment is
effected in the following manner, that is to say:-
The cylinder n carries along with it the rod t, to which it is connected by the
arm d. The rod t slides in a guide e, forming part of the rack e¹ (Figure 2).
Stops limit the travel of the said rod in both directions, and the piece g fixed on
the rod produces the change of direction of motion; in the forward movement of
the rod t the piece g encounters the guide e, and thus causes the rack e¹, which acts
upon the pinion u, to be moved. A second pinion u³, cast with the other, acts on
the toothed rod v, which is connected with the belt shifter x, and the latter shifts
the belt from the pulley p to the pulley p¹, and vice-versa.
To lessen the shock of the pieces g and e, the rod t is provided with coiled springs
suitably arranged for this purpose,
The tool-holder o consists of a steel cylinder, in which a recess is provided which
receives a bevel wheel or nut i, driven by a pinion which is operated by means of
a rod k, arranged to be turned by hand as much as is required; the correct distance
may be indicated by an index finger or pointer moving over divisions marked on
the end of the cylinder o, and indicating the travel of the tool
The tool, which is shewn detached in Figure 4, is formed from a square shaped
bar whose corners are rounded along a portion thereof; a screw thread is provided
upon this bar and enters a tapped portion of the wheel i, so that by turning this
wheel the tool is caused to descend, and by reason of its form it cannot turn. It
will be understood that the tool may be caused to descend automatically, and, if
desired, the small pinion may be dispensed with; for example, the wheel i may be
turned with the finger, or the pinion may be replaced by an endless screw.
The tools are screw threaded according to the metrical scale, and in such a
manner that each revolution of the driving pinion causes the tool to advance the
distance of half a millimetre.
By reference to Figures 1 and 2 it will be seen that the object to be operated
upon is fastened in a very simple manner to the plate y. Should this object be
very heavy it must be supported by pulley blocks and ropes.
The said tool-holder may be employed in cutting conical grooves, for example, in
applying the said holder to a planing machine, the object to be cut is inclined as
required, in order to cut a conical groove.
The operation of this apparatus is as follows, that is to say :-
At each movement of the tool holder the attendant turns the rod k to the right
hand to cause the tool to advance. The divisions on the cylinder enable him to
regulate the advance of the tool and indicate the depth of the cut without the
necessity of measuring the same.
In Figures 6 to 14 are represented, on an enlarged scale, various views of modified
forms of my tool and tool-holder.
The first modification illustrated in front and side view in Figures 6 and 7 differs
from the construction herein above described in that the square tool, screw-threaded
as above set forth, is so arranged as as to receive a movable bit of any suitable
width.
In these Figures, a represents the tool made of steel, squared and screw-threaded
at its angles; it is provided at its lower end with a transverse slot which serves
to receive a movable bit b. This movable bit is rounded at its upper end in such

page_text: a manner as to have free play in the slot of the tool a; c is a spring which
facilitates the return-motion of the bit b; d is a pin which maintains the said bit in
position, and enters a hole drilled conically so as to allow free play of the aforesaid
bit.
In the modification shewn in front and side view in Figures 8 and 9, the tool is
formed of two separate parts, viz.:-1st, the upper part a, which is screw threaded
and mortised or slotted longitudinally so as to receive a movable piece b. 2nd, the
movable piece b, the upper part of which provided with a tenon hinged in the
mortice or slot by means of a pin c. The hinge-motion takes place from back to
front, and the sides of the two pieces or parts are cut obliquely, so that the two
parts rest solidly one upon the other. The bit d is fixed in the piece b by means
of a pin. The spring e serves to maintain or draw back the piece b upon the
part a.
One modification of the tool-holder has for its object to admit of the use of very
large bits or of bits of any shape so as to cut channels or to plane out holes of various
forms. This form of. tool-holder operates on the same principle as those herein-
before specified, and works in the interior of the holes or pieces by a to and fro
movement, whilst the tool is caused to advance from the end opposite to the gearing
by means of a stud moved by hand or automatically by any suitable transmitting
device.
Figure 10 shews an end view, and Figure 11 a vertical section of the line 1-2,
Figure 10, of this modified tool-holder. The shaft a of the tool-holder has a
longitudinal mortice or slot in which a piece b for carrying the bit is free to move,
the said piece being hinged on a pin c; a spring d presses the bit carrier 6 towards
the inner side of the mortice. The bit e is fixed in the carrier 6 by means of a
screw; it may be so arranged as to have a return motion and be provided with a
spring for the purpose. In one end of the shaft a a screw threaded hole is provided
and receives a correspondingly threaded screw f, one end of this screw forms a
cone g, and at its other end the said screw is provided with a milled head h, which
serves to turn it, and also has a cylindrical part i divided into ten or any suitable
number of divisions or parts. A pointer k, which is fixed on the shaft a, indicates
upon the divisions the travel of the tool.
When turned to the right the screw f advances, and the cone g, acting upon an
inclined or bevelled face on the bit carrier b, gives to the latter, according to the angle
of the cone, an oscillating movement equal to half the pitch of the screw thread.
When the screw f is turned in the contrary direction, the bit carrier is returned
into its original position by the pressure of the spring d.
Figures 12, 13, and 14 shew respectively an end-view, a vertical longitudinal
section, and a plan of a square tool holder similar to the one above described, and
differing therefrom in that the bit carrier has a head equal in width to the shaft a,
to enable it to receive bits which may be of a width equal to that of the shaft a;
latter is open transversely to afford passage for the said bits. The letters indicate
the same parts in these Figures as in Figures 10 and 11.
the
The manner of mounting and operating these modified forms of tool-holders is
the same as that of the first arrangement herein described.
Having thus fully described the said Invention as communicated to me by my
foreign correspondent, and the manner of performing the same, I wish it understood
that I claim,
First. In a machine for cutting key-ways or grooves in pulleys or wheels, and
for similar operations, the cylinder having a to-and-fro movement, its backward or
operative motion being effected by means of a pulley p mounted on a shaft b, and
gear-wheels, whereof one actuates a rack on the said cylinder, and the forward or
inoperative movement of the said cylinder being effected at an increased velocity,
and by means of other gear wheels receiving motion from the pulley p² carrying a
pinion, substantially as described with reference to Figures 1, 2, and 3 of the
Drawing, and for the purpose set forth.
Second. In a machine for cutting keyways or grooves in pulleys or wheels, and

page_text: for similar operations, the combination of a cylinder and gearing for actuating the
same, with an automatic device for changing the motion, which device consists of a
rack e¹ and a rod v carrying the belt shifter and the two pinions u and u¹ mounted
on the same axis, the whole being operated by a rod connected with the said
cylinder through the medium of an arm, and acting upon the rack e¹ by means of
a guide e, which also serves as a stop, substantially as described with reference to
Figures 1, 2, and 3 of the Drawing, and for the purpose set forth.
Third. In a machine for cutting keyways or grooves in pulleys or wheels, and
for similar operations, the combination of a reciprocating cylinder having an
automatically variable and quick return movement with a tool holder o, the tool
being square and screw threaded upon its corners, and entering a toothed wheel or
nut i, which can be turned by hand or automatically by means of a pinion
terminating in a rod k, substantially as described with reference to Figures 4 and 5
of the Drawing, and for the purpose set forth.
Fourth. In a machine for cutting keyways or grooves in pulleys or wheels, and
for similar operations, the arrangement of a vertical plate upon which the articles
or pieces to be operated upon are mounted, and which is cast in one piece with the
framework of the machine, substantially as described.
Fifth. For grooving the naves or hubs of pulleys, and for similar purposes, a
tool constructed with a square stem, screw-threaded at its corners, and provided
with a movable bit and a spring, the bit being hinged by means of a pin as above
described with reference to Figures 6 and 7 of the Drawing, and for the purposes
set forth.
Sixth. For grooving the naves or hubs of pulleys, and for similar purposes, a
tool formed with a square stem or shaft, screw-threaded at its corners, and provided
with a movable piece hinged by means of a pin, and held against the square part
by a spring, and with a bit fixed by a pin in the movable piece, substantially as
described with reference to Figures 8 and 9 of the Drawing, for the purpose set
forth.
Seventh. In a tool-holder for grooving the naves or hubs of pulleys, fly-wheels,
gear-wheels, and the like, the combination of a shaft slotted for the reception of a
movable bit-carrying-piece pressed in an upward direction by a spring, with a cone
and a screw, a milled stud, a circular scale, and an index or pointer, the whole
operating as described with reference to Figures 10 and 11 of the Drawing, and for
the purposes set forth.
Eighth. The construction of a square tool-holder with a regulating cone, slotted
to permit the use of very large bits, substantially as hereinbefore described with
reference to Figures 12, 13, and 14 of the Drawing, and for the purposes set forth.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Robert Lake, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Eighth day of January, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and eighty one.