IMPROVEMENTS IN MEANS OR APPARATUS FOR FOLDING WRAPPERS OR COVERS AROUND CAKES OF BLACKING OR OTHER MATERIAL
Year: 1876

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Cowper Pellatt, of Holborn, in the County of
Middlesex, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MEANS OR APPARATUS FOR
FOLDING WRAPPERS OR COVERS AROUND CAKES OF BLACKING OR OTHER
MATERIAL."
Sealed the 17th November 1876, and dated the 16th September 1876.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Cowper Pellatt at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 16th September 1876.
WILLIAM COWPER PELLATT, of Holborn, in the County of Middlesex. IMPROVE-
MENTS IN MEANS OR APPARATUS FOR FOLDING WRAPPERS OR COVERS AROUND
CAKES OF BLACKING OR OTHER MATERIAL."
"
The frame of the machine is formed with two side standards and a bed plate
bolted to the top, and the various parts are driven by a main shaft at right angles
to, and a smaller shaft on each side parallel to the side standards, and running
under the bed plate. On one side is a shoot for the cakes of blacking or other
material, formed of an endless band, preferably of enamelled or patent leather,
which revolves upon rollers at either end, the front roller being provided with a
ratchet wheel and suitable levers driven by the shaft on that side. The cakes
being placed endwise upon this band (which runs over a platform to prevent it
bellying) are kept in line by stationary sides, lined also preferably with patent
leather, and upon the ratchet wheel being actuated the whole of the cakes are
carried forward, the average thickness of one cake, through spring doors at the front
of the shoot.
The bar which drives the ratchet is provided at the top with a regulator, which
upon the return stroke falls against the face of the next cake, and according to its
position regulates the number of teeth to be taken at the next stroke, and always
compensates for the varying thickness of the cakes of material. This regulator is
a most important part of my Invention.
In the centre of the machine is placed a box for the papers or wrappers in which
the cake is be folded; this box has a false bottom raised by a counterweight. At
the sides are fixed guide rods, on which travels a fourfold sucker to and from the
box and the folding apparatus herein-after described. This sucker is actuated by a
bellows or air pump at the side of the standard, and worked by the main
shaft.

page_text: To insure the sucker taking only one paper a rod is fixed to the false bottom
through the bottom of the box, against which rod india-rubber friction wedges rest
lightly. Upon the sucker taking the top sheet these wedges are depressed and draw
away the rest of the papers or wrappers, leaving the sucker free to go forward;
the depression continues until after the return of the sucker, when the papers or
wrappers are again allowed to rise against the face of the same.
This depression
of the papers or wrappers also constitutes a most essential part of my Invention.
The folder is composed of sides (which when not in use fall back into inclined
positions) and is placed on the bed plate. About two-thirds of the bottom of the
folder are hinged for a purpose herein-after explained; at the back of each side is
a rocking lever carrying a vertical plate. These in their action approach to and
recede from each other over the top edge of the "sides." Upon the extremities
of each folding plate are studs carrying metallic " fingers" for the purpose of
tucking in the corners of the folded packet; a register gauge is fixed over the
folder to receive the papers or wrappers. Between the shoot and the folder is a
rocking shaft carrying a pair of spring jaws travelling between the shoot and the
folder.
When in an upright position these jaws form a continuous passage with the
shoot, and receive the cake as it is forced through the spring doors by the forward
motion of the endless band. The machine being set in motion the sucker takes up
a paper and carries it into the gauge over the folder. The jaws bring down a cake
of the material and place it in position in the centre of the paper or wrapper, the
jaws at that moment being opened by means of a wedge and tappet sufficiently to
leave the cake before the return stroke. The levers carrying the folding plates now
approach each other pressing up the moveable sides and folding over the paper or
wrapper; by the same forward action the fingers are thrown round and tuck in the
corners. It now remains only for the ends to be turned under and the packet carried
away. This is done by a clutch formed of a base plate and curved ends binged to the
plate; a moveable base plate is in connection with the ends, and in its rise and fall
shuts and opens the same. This clutch is fixed on a spindle running through a
frame, and by means of a rocking shaft, similar to that of the jaws, travels between
the folder and a shoot on the other side of the machine, where the finished packets
are delivered. To complete the folding of the packet therefore this clutch descends,
and the moveable plate being forced in by contact with the top of the packet
carries the ends down, and with them the paper or wrapper ends of the packet. In
this position the clutch could not get away were it not for the hinged floor of the
folder. The clutch now rises, and in its course revolves upon the spindle until the
face of the packet is turned outwards towards the receiving shoot. The clutch
upon arrival at this shoot is opened by means of a tappet and lever and the packet
left between springs placed for its reception, each packet in its turn being pressed
forward in the shoot by the entrance of a fresh one.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said William Cowper Pellatt in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
16th March 1877.
WILLIAM COWPER PELLATT, of Holborn, in the County of Middlesex. " IMPROVE-
MENTS IN MEANS OR APPARATUS FOR FOLDING WRAPPERS OR COVERS AROUND
CAKES OF BLACKING OR OTHER MATERIAL."
The frame of the machine is formed with two side standards and a bed plate
bolted to the top, and the various parts are driven by a main shaft at right angles
to, and a smaller shaft on each side parallel to the side standards and running
under the bed plate. On one side is a shoot for the cakes of blacking or other
material formed of an endless band preferably of enamelled or patent leather which

page_text: apon is at either end, the front roller being provided with a ratchet
wheel and suitable levers driven by the shaft on that side. The cakes being placed
endwise upon this band (which runs over a platform to prevent it bellying) are
kept in line by stationary sides lined also preferably with patent leather, and upon
the ratchet wheel being actuated the whole of the cakes are carried forward the
average thickness of one cake through spring doors at the front of the shoot.
The bar which drives the ratchet is provided at the top with a regulator, which
upon the return stroke falls against the face of the next cake, and according to its
position regulates the number of teeth to be taken at the next stroke, and always
compensates for the varying thickness of the cakes of material. This regulator is a
most important part of my Invention.
In the centre of the machine is placed a box for the papers or wrappers in which
the cake is to be folded, this box has a false bottom raised by a counterweight; at
the sides are fixed guide rods, upon which travels a four-fold sucker, to and from
the box and the folding apparatus herein-after described. This sucker is actuated
by a bellows or air pump at the side of the standard and worked by the main
shaft.
To insure the sucker taking only one paper a rod is fixed to the false bottom
through the bottom of the box, against which rod india-rubber friction wedges rest
lightly. Upon the the sucker taking the top sheet, these wedges are depressed
and draw away the rest of the papers or wrappers leaving the sucker free to go
forward, the depression continues until after the return of the sucker, when the
papers or wrappers are again allowed to rise against the face of the same. This
depression of the papers or wrappers also constitutes a most essential part of my
Invention.
The folder is composed of sides (which when not in use fals back into inclined
positions), and is placed on the bed plate; about two-thirds of the bottom of the
folder are hinged for a purpose herein-after explained. At the back of each "side"
is a rocking lever carrying a folding plate; these in their action approach to and
recede from each other over the top edge of the "sides." Upon the extremities of
each folding plate are studs carrying metallic "fingers" for the purpose of tucking
in the corners of the folded packet. A register gauge is fixed over the folder to
receive the papers or wrappers. Between the shoot and the folder is a rocking
shaft carrying a pair of spring jaws travelling between the shoot and the folder.
When in an upright position these jaws form a continuous passage with the shoot,
and receive the cake as it is forced through the spring doors by the forward motion
of the endless band. The machine being set in motion the sucker takes up a paper
and carries it into the register gauge over the folder. The spring jaws bring down
a cake of the material from the shoot or conductor, and place it in position in the
centre of the paper or wrapper, the jaws at that moment being opened by means of a
wedge and tappet sufficiently to leave the cake before the return stroke. The
levers carrying the folding plates now approach each other, pressing up the moveable
sides and folding over the paper or wrapper; by the same forward action the
fingers are thrown round and tuck in the corners. It now remains only for the
ends to be turned under and the packet carried away; this is done by a clutch
formed of a base plate and curved ends hinged to the plate, a moveable base plate
is in connection with the ends, and in its rise and fall shuts and opens the same.
This clutch is fixed on a spindle running through a frame, and by means of a
rocking shaft similar to that of the jaws travels between the folder and a shoot on
the other side of the machine where the finished packets are delivered. To complete
the folding of the packet therefor this clutch descends, and the moveable plate
being forced in by contact with the top of the packet carries the ends down, and
with them the paper or wrapper ends of the packet. In this position the clutch
could not get away were it not for the hinged floor of the folder. The clutch now
rises and in its course revolves upon the spindle until the face of the packet is
turned outwards towards the receiving shoot; the clutch upon arrival at this shoot
is opened by means of a tappet and lever, and the packet left between springs

page_text: carried into effect, I will proceed, aided by the accompanying Drawings, more fully
to describe the same.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Figure 1 is a perspective view of means or apparatus constructed according to
my Invention for holding wrappers or covers around cakes of blacking or other
material, and Figures 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, and 13 are various views of
parts thereof separately.
The frame of the machine is formed with two side standards and a bed plate b,
bolted to the tops thereof, and the various parts of the apparatus are driven by a
main shaft c, at right angles to, and smaller shafts d, e, one on each side, parallel to
the side standards and running under the bed plate b. Motion is communicated from
the main shaft c to the smaller shafts d, e, by means of bevilled toothed wheels
c¹, c, fixed on the shaft c, and by similar toothed wheels d', e¹, fixed respectively on
the shafts d, e.
On one side of the machine (see Figures 1, 9, and 10) is a shoot or conductor for
the cakes of blacking or other material formed of an endless band f, preferably of
enamelled or patent leather which revolves upon rollers at either end, the
front roller being provided with a ratchet wheel, actuated in the following manner
by means of clawkers or drivers f³, mounted upon a rod or bar f, which at its
upper end is pin-jointed to a lever f, mounted on an axis fo, carried by the upper
end of a standard f7. The lower end of the rod or bar f4 is pin jointed to a lever
f8, mounted on an axis of motion at fo, on which is also fixed a lever f10, which is
operated by a truck or roller d², carried by a disc or wheel 3, fixed on the axis d.
The cakes being placed endwise upon this band f (which runs over a platform fll,
to prevent it bellying) are kept in line by stationary sides 12, lined also preferably
with patent leather, and upon the ratchet wheelf being actuated the whole of the
cakes are carried forward the average thickness of one cake through doors g, g¹; at
the front of the shoot the door g¹ is mounted upon centres and acted upon by springs
92 (see Figure 9) to put an elastic pressure on the foremost cake and thereby pre-
vent its falling from the shoot. The axis fo is provided with a regulator f18, which
upon the return stroke of the clawkers or drivers f³ falls against the face of the
next cake, and according to its position regulates the number of teeth of the ratchet
wheel f, to be taken at the next stroke, and always compensates for the varying
thickness of the cakes of material.
In the centre of the machine is placed a box or receptacle h for the papers or
wrappers in which the cakes are to be folded; this box is provided with a false
bottom (not shown) which is gradually raised by a counter weight as will be well
understood as the papers or wrappers are removed from the box or receptacle h.
At the two sides of this box or receptacle h are fixed guide rods i, upon which
travels a four-fold sucker to and from the box or receptacle h and folding
apparatus herein-after described. This sucker i¹, which is shewn more clearly at
Figures 11 and 12, is connected by flexible tubing i to, and actuated by a bellows
is, or air pump at the side of one of the standards a, which bellows are worked by
a stud cs from a wheel ct on the main shaft c, acting upon a connecting rod i³, con-
nected to the bellows 22. The sucker is moved to and fro on its guides i in the
following manner, as shown more clearly in Figure 11; the sucker is connected by
a link to a lever i³, mounted on an axis at , which lever, , is operated in the
one direction by a truck or roller co, carried by a wheel c7, mounted on the axis c,
and in the other direction by a weight as shewn. To ensure the sucker 2 taking
only one paper or wrapper at a time a rod h¹ is fixed to the false bottom of the box
or receptacle h, and passes through the bottom thereof, against which rod india-
rubber friction wedges ; rest lightly. Upon the sucker taking the top sheet
these wedges j are depressed in the following manner; and by drawing down

page_text: the rod h¹, draw away the rest of the papers or wrappers, leaving the sucker free to
go forward with only one paper or wrapper, and the depression continues until after
the return of the sucker, when the papers or wrappers are again allowed to rise
against the face of the same. The wedges j are acted upon by a lever j¹ fixed on the
shaft, on which is fixed a lever which is acted upon by a roller c mounted
on the stud c³.
The folder, which is shewn separately at Figures 2 and 3, is composed of sides /
(which are mounted on axes of motion, and when not in use fall back into inclined
positions), and is placed on the bed plate b. About two thirds of the bottom ¹ of
the folder are hinged so as to turn upwards for a purpose herein-after explained.
At the back of each side k is a rocking lever k carrying a folding plate ³. These
plates in their action approach to and recede from each other over the top of the
sides k. Upon the extremities of each folding plate ³ are studs or axes carrying
metallic fingers for the purpose of tucking in the corners of the folded packet.
These fingers are formed with arms ko, which bear against the backs of the sides k,
and on the forward motion of the folding plates 3 give the required motion to the
'fingers" k³. India-rubber or other springs return these fingers to their normal
position. The rocking levers /² at their lower ends bear against the opposite sides
of a cam wheel, which is formed with teeth on its edge and receives motion from
a toothed wheel e fixed on the axis e. The cams on the wheel give the required
forward motion to the folding plates. A register gauge m, only one half of which
is shewn in position at Figure 1, but which is shewn separately at Figure 13 is
fixed over the folder to receive the papers or wrappers and guide them into
position.
«
Between the feed shoot or conductor and the folder is a rocking shaft n, carrying
a pair of spring jaws n¹, shewn separately at Figures 7 and 8, travelling between
the shoot or conductor and the folder.
When in an upright position these jaws n¹ form a continuous passage with the
shoot or conductor, and receive the cake as it is forced through the spring doors g, g¹,
of the shoot by the forward motion of the endless band f.
The machine being set in motion the sucker i¹ takes up a paper or wrapper from
the box or receptacle h, and carries it into the register guage m over the folder.
The spring jaws n' bring down a cake of the material from the shoot or conductor
and place it in position in the centre of the paper or wrapper, the jaws n¹ at that
moment being opened by means of a wedge n2 striking on the bed plate b,
sufficiently to leave the cake before the return stroke. The spring jaws n¹ are
carried by a lever n³ fixed to the axis n, on which is also fixed the slotted lever n³,
which is operated by a truck or roller d fixed to the wheel, and the spring jaws
are permitted again to close towards each other on assuming the vertical position
by the projection no from the wedge n² coming against the bar f" at the front end
of the shoot or conductor.
The upper ends of the levers
carrying the folding plates now approach each
other, pressing up the moveable sides and folding over the paper or wrapper, by
the same forward action the fingers are thrown round and tuck in the corners of
the cover or wrapper. It now remains only for the ends to be turned under and
the packet carried away. This is done by a clutch o which is shewn more clearly
at Figures 4, 5, and 6. This clutch is formed of a base plate o¹ and curved ends o*,
hinged to the plate o'; a moveable base plate os provided with a rod o*, which works
in the boss o operates the curved ends o² by means of curved projections o, from the
atter acting in combination with wires or rods on the back of the base plate o³.
Thus as the moveable base plate o³ rises and falls in its guide o it shuts and opens
the curved ends of. The clutch o is fixed on a spindle of running through a frame o³,
and is caused to travel to and fro between the folder and a shoot or conductor p on
the other side of the machine where the finished packets are delivered. This is
effected in the following manner :-The frame o8 is mounted on an axis of motion o³,
nd is connected by a link o¹0 to a slotted lever ol, which is worked by a truck or
pulley e carried by the toothed wheel e. To complete the folding of the packet

page_text: therefore this clutch descends and the moveable base plate o³ being forced in by
contact with the top of the packet carries the curved ends o² down and with them
the paper or wrapper ends of the packet. In this position the clutch o could not
get away from the folder were it not for the hinged floor of the latter. The clutch
now rises and in its course is caused by the fixed catch q taking into the notch in
the wheel o¹, and by the bevilled wheels o¹8, o, to revolve upon the spindle o7 until
the face of the packet is turned outwards towards the receiving shoot or conductor p.
The clutch o upon arrival at this shoot or conductor is opened by means of a
tappet pl acting upon the lever o¹, and the packet is left between springs p* placed
for its reception, each packet in its turn being pressed forward in the shoot or
conductor p by the entrance of a fresh one. A spring o¹ acting upon two flats
formed on a boss o" always ensures the correct adjustment of the clutch in either
of its two positions.
When in the rising of the clutch o the catch 7 takes into the notch in the wheel o¹³
the catch retains its hold of the wheel o¹ until in the forming or return motion of
the clutch the wheel o¹ recedes from the catch g, by which means the clutch is caused
to return to the position required to enable it to operate upon another packet.
Having thus described the nature of my said Invention and the mode in which
I carry the same into effect, I would have it understood that what I claim is,-
First. The general arrangement, combination, and mode of operation, of means or
apparatus for folding wrappers or covers around cakes of blacking or other material,
substantially as herein shewn and described.
Secondly. I claim the peculiar arrangement of means for conducting and feeding
the cakes of material to the spring jaws n¹, and for regulating the feed forward
of the cakes in proportion to the thickness thereof, substantially as herein shown
and described.
Thirdly. I claim the peculiar construction and mode of operation of the spring
jaws n, substantially as herein shown and described.
Fourthly. I claim the combination of a sucker with means for lowering the pile
of papers or wrappers in the box h, thereby enabling the sucker in addition to
raising a paper or wrapper from the pile to carry it into position over the folder in
manner substantially as herein shown and described.
Fifthly. I claim the peculiar construction and mode of operation of the folder, sub-
stantially as herein shewn and described.
"
Sixthly. I claim the peculiar construction and mode of operation of the "clutch'
for the purpose of completing the folding of the paper or wrapper around the cakes
of material, and for conveying the completed packets from the folder to the
delivery shoot or conductor, substantially as herein shewn and described.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Cowper Pellatt, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Sixteenth day of March, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and seventy-seven.
317 2 DETT Amm