Improvements in and in Apparatus applicable for the Manufacture of Twine.
Year: 1890

page_text: Date of Application, 15th Mar., 1890
Complete Specification Left, 15th Dec., 1890-Accepted, 7th Feb., 1891
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and in Apparatus applicable for the Manufacture
of Twine.
I, SPENCER CALVERT, of Fleece Mills, Keighley, in the County of York,
Twine Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows, that is to say:-
It consists of improvements in and in apparatus applicable for the manufacture
of twine whereby the durability thereof is considerably enhanced whilst its cost of
production is greatly diminished.
37
Heretofore it has been customary in the manufacture of twine to subject the
material of which it is made to a bleaching process whilst in the hank or skein in
its rough-spun or single- (not double) twisted state, after which it is doubled or
trebled or increased in folds in other proportions and formed into ball or "cop
shape. By this bleaching of the material in its rough-spun state the bleaching
substances have direct access to almost the whole of the fibres of said material
influencing derogatorily the tenacity or strength of said fibres as is well known and
consequently lessening the strength of the twine from what it otherwise would have
been.
The object of this invention is to avoid these disadvantages and defects and pro-
duce twine in a more expeditious manner than heretofore, and this I attain by
taking the rough-spun material in its unbleached state and doubling (or folding etc.)
it in the common and well known manner. After being thus doubled and formed
into balls or cops I place cach of such cops of folded strands upon an upright
spindle of a machine constructed as hereinafter described, the flyers or means for
twisting said strands are formed by the upright prongs arranged to rotate around
said "cops" being coupled together at their outer ends by an annular piece of
metal upon which is mounted a guide bowl. Each of these flyers receives its
rotary motion from one or other of the machine's rotary shafts by means of belts
and pulleys.
The machine consists of a prime motor shaft from which motion is imparted to a
roller which causes the strands from the cop to travel along as they are being
twisted as above described. After passing this roller they (said twisted strands)
are conducted or made to pass over a roller rotating in a box containing a bleaching
substance and by these said strands being thus subjected to the effects of the
bleaching substances after they are twisted together, only the fibres on their outer
surfaces are effected thereby on account of the extra twisting rendering same less
permeable, hence the strength of the cord is not to any appreciable extent interfered
with. After the twine has passed through the bleaching substance as above
described it is wound or coiled around a series of rotary rollers placed in suitable
relative positions to each other so that additional rollers may be arranged between
same for the purpose of drying the twine after bleaching.
These drying rollers are formed by having longitudinal strips of metal or other
hard substance attached, with intervening spaces, upon their peripheral surfaces so
that when rotated at a higher rate of speed than that travelled by the twine the
friction of same against said twine together with the heat generated thereby effects
both the cleaning and drying of the said twine prior to its being carried along by
another and similar series of rotary rollers to pass through a box or trough cou-
taining the substance for sizing same from which it is again brought into contact
with other rollers for polishing and drying it after it has passed through said sizing
substance, after which it is finally wound into balls or otherwise prepared for the
market..

page_text: By the employment of the means hereinbefore described the whole of the process
of twisting (that is after the doubling has been effected in the separate machine)
bleaching polishing and finishing twine ready for the market is performed in and by
one machine alone.
The winding mechanism for making the twine into balls, employed in connection
with, or forming part of the machine above described, consists of a winding drum
arrangement upon which the ball is superposed. In the peripheral rim of this drum
a cam slot is formed through and by which the twine passes and is guided to be
wound by one part crossing another in such a manner that when complete the balls
are compact and firmly formed.
Dated this 14th day of March 1800.
SPENCER CALVERT.
Per Samuel Hey,
Keighley, Agent.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and in Apparatus applicable for the Manufacture
of Twine.
I SPENCER CALVERT of Fleece Mills Keighley in the County of York,
Twine Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement, that is to say :-
It consists of improvements in and in apparatus applicable for the manufacture
of twine whereby the durability of said twine is considerably enhanced whilst
its cost of production is greatly diminished.
Heretofore it has been customary in the manufacture of twine to subject the
material of which it is made to a blenching process whilst in the hank or skein in
its rough-spun or single- (not double) twisted state after which it is doubled or
trebbled or increased in folds in other proportions and formed into ball or cop
shape.
By this bleaching of the material in its rough-spun state the bleaching sub-
stances have direct access to almost the whole of the fibres of said material
influencing derogatorily the tenacity or strength of said fibres as is well known and
consequently lessening the strength of the twine from what it otherwise would have
been.
The object of this invention is to avoid these disadvantages and defects and
produce twine in a more expeditious manner than heretofore and this I attain by
taking the rough-spun material in its unbleached state and doubling (or folding etc.)
it in the common and well known manner, after being thus doubled and formed into
balls or cops I place each of such cops of folded strands into a machine constructed
as hereinafter described (said machine forming part of this my said invention).
This machine is arranged so that it will twist these strands together before sub-
jecting them to the actions of the bleaching substances and by these said strands
being thus subjected to the effects of the bleaching substances after they are
twisted together, only the fibres on their outer surfaces are effected thereby on
account of the extra twisting rendering same less permeable hence the strength of
the twine or cord is not to any appreciable extent interfered with.
In order that the machine made in accordance with this invention may be more
readily understood I have hereunto appended sheets of drawings illustrative thereof
to which by letters and figures reference is made in the following description.
Fig. 1 is a side elevation shewing a method of imparting motion to certain of the
parts forming the machine, while Fig. 2 is a similar view of the other side of
the machine and shews a method of imparting motion to the remaining parts of the
machine.
Fig. 3 is a side shewing the arrangement of the motor parts, the framework

page_text: being omitted in order that these parts and their operations might be more clearly
seen and understood.
Fig. 4 is top view of a portion of the machine.
Fig. 5 is sectional top view shewing certain parts hereinafter described.
Figs. 6, 7 and 8 are drawings in detail of parts hereinafter referred to.
Like letters and figures indicate like parts throughout the several views.
From the prime motor shaft a motion is imparted through the shaft band by the
belts a (Fig. 1) to the upright spindles c on the upper ends of which are mounted
the flyers d for the reception of the cops of folded or untwisted strands e.
These flyers d are formed by their upright prongs d¹ being coupled together at
their outer ends by an annular piece of metal (see detail drawing Fig. 6.) upon
or in which is mounted the guide bowl over which pass the folded strands which
by the rotary motion of these flyers d are twisted together as they are being with-
drawn therefrom.
The roller is arranged as shewn and has motion imparted to it from the
shaft a so that it draws the twisted strands el over the guide, rod
said twisting
operation being effected before the strands e' have passed this rod g. After passing
the roller these strands el or (now) twine are conducted or made to pass over the
rollers or drums (being kept in contact therewith by the guide rods ii) which
are carried to operate within the box which contains the bleaching substance.
These drums have mounted between them a dasher which, as said drums
rotate, agitates the bleaching substance sufficiently to cause a certain portion of
same to adhere to the peripheries of said drums and so be in position for contact
with the twisted strands ¹.
After the twine e' has passed through the bleaching substance it is wound or
coiled in the direction indicated by the arrows a number of times around a series
of rotary rollers f₁ff, the roller also forming one of the series, the relative
positions of which allow the mounting of additional rollers kkk as shown.
These rollers kkk are for the purpose of drying and cleaning the twine e' as it
passes them, and they are formed by having longitudinal strips of metal or other
hard substance k¹ (see Fig. 7) attached with intervening spaces, upon their
peripheral surfaces or these rollers and their longitudinal strips may be made
integral and of the same substance, so that when rotated at a higher rate of speed
than that travelled by the twine e' the friction of same against said twine e¹
together with the heat generated thereby both the cleaning and the drying of the
said time is effected prior to its being carried along by another series of rotary
rollers which are arranged in a manner similar to the arrangement of the
rollers fff and to pass through a box m containing the substance for sizing
same from which it is again brought into contact with other rollers nnn (con-
structed and operated in a manner similar to that followed in connection with the
rollers kkk) for polishing and drying it after it has passed through said sizing
substance, after which it is finally wound into balls p or otherwise prepared for
the market.
Although only one arrangement of frictioning drying-rollers is herein described,
it will readily be seen that a greater or less number of these rollers may be
employed and arranged either as shewn or in a number of other and different
positions and yet without departing from the nature and characteristic features of
this invention. In like manner other methods than the one shewn, may be
employed for imparting motion to these or the other rollers as may be desired by
those who require any modified form of driving mechanism.
By the employment of the means hereinbefore described the whole of the process
of twisting (that is after the doubling has been effected in the separate machine)
bleaching, polishing and finishing twine ready for the market is performed in and
by one machine alone.
The winding mechanism (for making the twine e² into balls) employed in
connection with or forming part of the machine above described consists of
winding drums upon which the balls p rest so as to be rotated and thereby

page_text: increased in size as will readily be understood, the lever arms it carrying the axial
pin U acting as guide and holder for the balls p during their formation.
In each of the peripheral rims of the drums sa cam slot s' is formed through
and by which the twine el passes and is guided to be wound by one part crossing
and recrossing another in such a manner that when complete the balls parc
compact and firmly formed.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is
1. The process and method herein described whereby the bleaching of twine may
be effected subsequent to the final twisting together of its several strands substan-
tially as and for the purpose specified.
2. The process and method herein described whereby the twisting, bleaching,
sizing finishing and balling of twine is effected in and by one machine alone sub-
stantially as herein specified.
3. In the construction of a flyer, as the flyer d the use or employment of an
annular piece of metal for joining the prongs d' of the flyer together, in com-
bination with a guide bowl & mounted thercon substantially as and for the purposes
specified.
4. The use and employment of frictioning rollers constructed as herein described
for the purposes of drying and cleaning twine in the manner substantially as
specified.
5. In combination with a machine for bleaching and finishing twine, a rotary
drum arrangement for forming said twine into balls by means of said drum having
a cam groove formed in its peripheral rim substantially as herein specified.
Dated this 13th day of December 1890.