AN IMPROVED MOTOR."
Year: 1883

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Richard Anderson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 1st June 1883.
RICHARD ANDERSON of Bermondsey in the County of Surrey, Engineer, AN
IMPROVED MOTOR."
The object of this invention is to utilize the floating power or force of bodies or
vessels to obtain continuous rotary, motion which by any suitable means may be
applied to the driving of machinery or for other purposes.
In carrying out my invention I employ an endless chain of buckets which is
arranged to pass round two drums or pulleys suitably mounted one above the
other and at a sufficient distance apart to keep the chain taut.
Between the drums or pulleys the chain of buckets passes through two cylinders
or columns the downward column acting as a guide and the upward cylinder or
column as the working column.
The buckets which in passing upward through the working column are in an
inverted position may be of any convenient shape, preferably bell-shaped and they
are connected together at suitable distances apart by short chains secured in the
crowns.
The columns are secured to the top of a casing or receptacle in which is placed
the lower drum or pulley.
The downward or guide column is of such diameter that the buckets will pass
freely through, and it is provided at bottom with a cylindrical extension which
projects a short distance into the casing.
This extension is accurately bored, and its diameter is such that it will be closed
by the buckets as they pass through, the rim of the buckets being turned true and
provided with a ring of rubber, leather or other suitable packing.
The diameter of the upward or working column will exceed that of the buckets
by about one half and the column is provided at bottom with a cylindrical
extension similar to that of the guide column.

page_text: To set the apparatus to work it will be necessary only to fill the working column
with water to a height calculated according to the amount of power that is required
from the motor.
The air contained in the inverted buckets under water will cause those buckets
to rise, thus the chain of buckets will be set in motion and as fresh buckets
containing air are continually entering the column the motion will be continuous.
The chain of buckets passing round the drums or pulleys will drive those drums
and through their shafts any machinery that may be connected thereto.
In order to ensure a proper supply of air to the buckets, and to assist in forcing
the buckets up into the column of water, I propose to connect the shaft of the
lower drum with an air pump which will supply air at a suitable pressure to the
casing containing the lower drum and which will of course with the exception of
the two cylindrical extensions to the columns be made air tight.
The descending buckets will counterbalance those ascending in the column of
water and consequently the lifting power of each bucket is equal to its cubical
contents, no difference being made even if the weight of the buckets of a given
cubical capacity is more or less than the weight of the same amount of water, thus
for instance if the capacity of a bucket is one cubic foot, it would have a lifting
power of 62 lbs in fresh water by being worked on an endless chain in the manner
herein stated as the descending buckets would counterbalance those ascending.
If desired the descending buckets may be filled with water from a tank suitably
placed above to assist the action of the apparatus the water being upset into the
casing from which it is drawn off in any convenient manner.
Although I have described the working parts of the apparatus as consisting of a
chain of buckets I would here remark that I do not intend to confine myself to the
use of buckets, as closed vessels and suitable solid bodies may be equally employed,
nor do I wish to confine myself to the exact arrangement of apparatus described
as this may be considerably varied without departing from the object of my
invention, namely to produce rotary motion by utilizing the floating power or force
of bodies or vessels in a column of water or other fluid.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said Richard Anderson in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
1st December 1883.
RICHARD ANDERSON of Bermondsey in the County of Surrey, Engineer
IMPROVED MOTOR "
"
AN
The object of this Invention is to utilize the floating power or force of bodies or
vessels to obtain continuous rotary motion, which by any suitable means may be
applied to the driving of machinery or for other purposes.
In carrying out my Invention I employ an endless chain of buckets, which I
pass round a pair of pulleys or drums arranged one above the other in the same
vertical line, that portion of the chain in which the buckets will be in an inverted
position being caused to rise through a column of water or other suitable liquid.
In the accompanying drawing, I have shown a sectional elevation of an apparatus
constructed according to my Invention.
If
A is a rectangular tank or vessel of suitable size on the top of which are
mounted the columns B. C. These columns are connected at top by a pair of
crossheads which carry the bearings for the axle of a drum or pulley D.-A similar
pulley D is suitably mounted in the tank or vessel A.-E is the chain of buckets,
which passes round the two pulleys D D and through the columns B. C.
desired a fly wheel may be adapted to the apparatus in any convenient manner.
The columns B. C. may be placed at any convenient distance apart and the
diameter of the pulleys or drums D D' must be such as to ensure that the travel
of the chain of buckets shall be perfectly vertical on entering and leaving the
columns.
•
The column B I denominate the downward or guide column and the column C
the working or upward column.
The diameter of the column B will be sufficient to allow of the buckets passing
freely through it in a downward direction.-At the bottom of the coluinn is a
cylindrical extension B¹ which projects a short distance into the casing A.-This
extension B' is bored true, and is of such diameter that the buckets, as they pass
through will practically close it, the rims of the buckets being turned true to fit
the extension, and each being provided with a ring of rubber, leather, or other
suitable packing, if necessary, to make the extension air tight.
The diameter of the working or upward column C will exceed that of the
buckets by about one half, and this column is provided with a cylindrical
extension C¹ similar to that of the column B.
'
The column C is to be filled with water or other liquid, through which the
buckets are intended to rise, and in order to keep the buckets in their proper
position, and prevent their canting to one side, I provided inside the column
vertical guide rods or bars C².
The buckets, which, when passing through the column C, will be inverted, may
be of any convenient shape, but I prefer that shewn in the drawings, and they may
be formed of any suitable material.
The buckets are connected together by means of short chains, which are
conveniently secured in the crowns, and they should be placed at such a distance
apart that each bucket will enter the preceding bucket by about one third.
I would here remark that I do not wish to confine myself to the shape of buckets
shown or to the distance as to which they are to be set apart as this distance may
be more or less according to the shape of the bucket.
By thus placing the buckets, the pressure of the column of water on the buckets
will be reduced to a minimum.

page_text: To set the apparatus to work, it will be necessary to fill the column with water,
as before referred to, to a height calculated according to the amount of power that
is required from the motor.
The air contained in the inverted buckets under the water will cause those
buckets to rise, and thus the chain of buckets will be set in motion. As fresh
buckets containing air are continually entering the column C.-the motion will be
continuous.
The chain of buckets, as it passes round the pulleys or drums D. D¹. will drive
those pulleys and through their shafts any machinery that may be connected
thereto.
In order to ensure a proper supply of air to the buckets, I propose to connect
the shaft of the drum or pulley D in any convenient manner with an air pump,
which will be caused to supply air at a suitable pressure to the casing A, which
will be practically airtight, the only openings being those through which the
buckets pass in and out, and which openings are always closed by at least one
bucket.
Any water that may enter the casing from the column C may be drawn off by
a cock suitably arranged for the purpose, or a small pump worked in any convenient
manner from the shaft of the drum D' (see dotted lines in the figure) may be
employed to draw off the water and return it to the column.
The descending buckets will counterbalance those ascending in the column of
liquid consequently the lifting power of each bucket will be equal to its cubical
contents, no difference being made even if the weight of the buckets of a given
cubical capacity is greater or less than the weight of the same amount of liquid;
thus for instance, if the capacity of a bucket is one cubic foot, it would have a
lifting power of sixty-two and a-half pounds in fresh water by being worked on
an endless chain in the manner herein described.
Instead of the buckets being entirely open as shewn, they may be partially
closed by a horizontal partition placed at say about one-half their depth.
If desired, the descending buckets may be filled with water to assist the action
of the apparatus, the water being upset into the casing A, and drawn off therefrom
in any convenient manner.
Having now setforth the nature of my Invention for "An improved motor" and
explained the manner of carrying the same into effect I claim.-
First The arrangement of apparatus substantially as herein shewn and
described whereby the floating power or force of bodies or vessels is utilized to
obtain rotary motion, as setforth.
Second In an apparatus in which the floating power or force of bodies or
vessels is utilized to obtain rotary motion the use of open or partially open
inverted buckets substantially as herein described and shewn.
In witness whereof I the said Richard Anderson have hereunto set my hand
and seal the first day of December in the year of our Lord One thousand eight
hundred and eighty three.
RICHARD ANDERSON. (L.S.)