IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1882

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Thomas Singleton of Darwen in the County of Lancaster,
Machinist for an invention of IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF
LOOMS FOR WEAVING
"
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Thomas Singleton at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 27th July 1882.
THOMAS SINGLETON of Darwen in the County of Lancaster, Machinist.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF LOOMS FOR WEAVING,"
This invention consists in several improved arrangements and combinations of
movements and contrivances for enabling the loom to be more automatic than at
present, thereby lessening to a great extent the wear and tear, also the cost of
repairs and supervision.
My improvements relate, first, principally to looms employed for weaving cloths,
handkerchiefs or other articles having stripes or patterns across the piece at certain
intervals to correspond with the longitudinal borders or patterns woven on the
selvedges of the piece and is designed to enable the loom to weave these headings
or cross patterns by self-acting mechanism at a given time and consists of spur,
ratchet and paul wheels and suitable levers and rods fixed on centres on the frame
end of the loom near the finger rod and taking up motion. The ratchet wheel is
worked by a hanging lever or catch which is carried on or suspended from the
underside of the "slay" from a suitable fixing, and travels or swings backwards
and forwards with it, only coming in contact with the ratchet when making a
forward stroke. When the lever comes in contact with the ratchet wheel it
revolves a certain distance according to the stroke given. On the side of the
ratchet is placed a "paul" wheel which may be cast to if required, and acts upon a
regulating catch lever or spring fixed on the top side of finger rod lever for
arresting the taking up motion catch, thus holding the finger rod in one pos.cion
until one of the lifts of the "paul" wheel has passed the end of the regulating
catch lever or spring, when it drops into the space between the lifts, thus allowing
the finger rod to perform its usual work and so on according to the number of
lifts on the "paul" wheel and teeth on the ratchet, thus when "headings" or
stripes across the piece are being performed, the taking up roller is acted upon by
the regulating catch or spring, which prevents it taking up the cloth until a
certain required number of "picks" are given in one "shed," regulated by the

page_text: ratio between the lifts on "paul" wheel and the teeth on ratchet, thereby forming
a kind of cord in the stripe. When the heading is made the attendant has only
to adjust a small screw in the upper end of the lever or catch fixed on the under-
side of the "slay," thus lifting the lever above the point of contact on the ratchet
wheel, thus allowing the taking up motion to act without further hinderance
and so on until headings or stripes are required again, or it may be actuated
automatically by a rod worked from the levers and wheels provided for such
purpose if required. To ensure the lever or catch performing its work when
required to work the ratchet and "paul" wheel it is pressed downwards by a
spring or other equivalents.
The second part of my improvements relate to a method of securing the swell
piece in the back plate of shuttle box. The ordinary method of securing the
swell piece in the back plate of the shuttle-box is by cutting out a space in such
plate for the swell-piece to fit in, then to bore a small hole from the top edge of
such plate and fix a wire through the wood and customary eye at the outer end of
such swell piece into the wood underneath, thus forming a wood and iron joint.
The great evils attending such methods are:-The pin going through to form such
joint is of necessity small and is very quickly worn out and breaks, this necessitates-
taking out the back board to get out the broken pieces and replace with new, the
eye hole at the end of swell piece soon becomes oval, being small and necessarily
a new one is required, serious accidents likewise often occur from the flying out
of the shuttles when a breakage takes place.
To overcome these evils I make the boss in the "swell" sufficiently large in
diameter to allow of its being fitted with a loose bush of brass, phosphor-bronze,
or other suitable metal, through which the ordinary pin is driven in from top to
bottom, thus making the bush stationary and allowing the "swell" to swivel on or
round it, thus giving greater bearing surface, which must lengthen its life to that
of the loom, as the pin will never wear or break being a fixture. In another
arrangement I make the holes in the backboard of shuttle-box sufficiently large to
receive a bush or small fixing of suitable metal into which it is driven and bored
out to receive the pin, thus making it more durable, which must of necessity make
it stronger and less liable to fracture or get out of order.
The third part of my invention relates to the construction of crank-arms with
strap and fast block, the strap being fixed or secured by an eye bolt, the remaining
part of the arm being made of wrought, or cast iron, phosphor-bronze, or other
suitable metal in the form of a spindle or otherwise, having a boss at the end for
stay pin. The inner step of crank end is provided on the outside with a stem,
which is turned and screwed, over this is placed a nut having a projecting boss,
which is turned to fit the bored hole or recess in the fast block at stay pin end,
being also provided with a suitable check-nut to allow of its being adjusted by
simply slackening the check nut and turning the first named nut and boss which
through being turned on the screw stem on back step, takes up the slack, after
which it is locked by the nut for that purpose. To produce long life in these
crank arms I make the wearing parts of phosphor-bronze, thus dispensing with a
great amount of wearing, consequently less attention and repairs required. In
another arrangement I make them entirely of phosphor-bronze, the stay pin end
being made solid or otherwise and bored out, the crank end being made on what
is known as the "Marine Style," with the bottom step cast to the rod, and the top
step loose, both prepared with brackets or lugs for bolting them together round the
crank pins or centres.
The fourth part of my invention relates to the arms, levers and catches for
working the taking up motion. Under the present system the arms or supports
for carrying the taking up motion levers and catches are made cast together, and
as the wear and tear on them is very great they very quickly wear out, which
causes the whole to be thrown away, in my improvements I make the main fixing
loose, provided with the necessary holes and distance pieces to expedite fitting, and
fasten the same to the frame end of the loom, the centre I make loose of the

page_text: requisite diameter with a conical end sufficiently large and provided with side slots
to admit of both head and body of bolt sideways for securing the same to the main
fixing. By this arrangement, when the centres wear they can be taken off easily
and another replaced in a very short time, thus reducing the cost considerably.
The levers and catches I make in various ways, each one saving both time, labor
and expense.
Under the old system the levers are made with a slotted end, with
a centre boss for supporting the same on the centre, above this or near the top end
is a hole drilled to correspond with that through the boss on the end of the catch,
after they are put together by a pin about a quarter inch or three-eights inch
diameter, the ends are rivetted over to keep the whole together, the top end of
lever being made elliptical to prevent the catch falling over to the wrong side and
thus prevent it from not performing that for which it is intended. Owing to the
smallness of the bearing on the pin, they very soon wear out, and have to be
renewed which is very expensive.
In my arrangements I make the levers with a boss at the top end about three-
quarters of an inch or one inch diameter, the same being "chilled" and provided
with a centre hole cast in, to receive a sinall bolt which is placed through after the
catch is placed on, with a plate to form the head, thus the catch is supported from
the boss and upon which it works, the bolt and plate being merely for the purpose
of maintaining it in position. To prevent the catch flying over I provide the lever
immediately under the chilled boss with a stop or projection. Another great
feature in this arrangement is that the catch can be taken off and reversed if
required without disturbing either the lever or its support. I also make the lever
so that the catch is supported on each side and which is accomplished by making
one side loose and fitted with a boss that fits on the centre arm on which it swivels,
the lever boss is made sufficiently large to go over this boss with the other side
cast to the lever, thus when put together with the catch placed on a chilled boss
between them, a small bolt is passed through the upper chilled boss and secured
with a nut, thus making a firm steady lever, the catch is made has previously
stated and to prevent its falling over, the large boss on lever is provided with a
stop on its upper side. In another arrangement I make the lever in one piece, with
a fork at the top end, one side being provided with a round hole and the opposite
with a round hole and vertical slot, slightly larger than the thickness of the neck
of the catch. The catch is of the usual form with a round T end, and to place it
in position it only requires to be inverted perpendicular, when the round end and
neck will pass through the round hole and slot in one side, after which it is passed
through to its place, when it will fall down inside the fork, thus dispensing with a
hollow boss and bolt. To prevent it flying over to the wrong side, the top end of
one side of the fork is made slightly longer and provided with a pin to stop its
course upwards, the same having to be taken out when the catch is required to be
taken out. In this case also the catch can be reversed at will if requisite.
The fifth part of my invention relates to my improved spindle stud, which I
make as follows:-I make the spindle stud and head of milleable iron or other
equivalents, and place the head in its usual position in the slay sword, making the
space for the shuttle to strike against of compressed paper, either in layers or a
block, thus making the shuttle less liable to fracture than under the present system,
for if the shuttle strikes with the tip it will prevent "fluzzing" and if it should
rise prevent the timber or body of the shuttle from being damaged.
The novelty of this invention is that by the application of these arrangements,
considerable time, labor and expense will be saved, besides prolonging the life of
the loon considerably, a requirement long feit by the trade.
Another feature of this invention is that when weaving "headings "or" stripes"
it is done automatically instead of by hand as at present, which must result in
producing better work with less attention and labor, which will be another great
advantage to the trade.

page_text: "
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said Thomas Singleton in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
25th January 1883.
THOMAS SINGLETON of Darwen, in the County of Lancaster, Machinist.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF LOOMS FOR WEAVING."
This Invention consists in several improved arrangements and combinations of
movements and contrivances for enabling the loom to be more automatic than at
present, thereby lessening to a great extent the wear and tear, also the cost of
repairs and supervision.
My improvements relate, first, principally to looms employed for weaving cloths,
handkerchiefs or other articles having stripes or patterns across the piece at certain
intervals to- correspond with the longitudinal borders or patterns woven on the
selvedges of the piece, and is designed to enable the loom to weave these
headings" or cross patterns by self-acting mechanism at a given time; and
consists of spur, ratchet, and "pawl" wheels, and suitable levers and rods fixed on
centres on the frame end of the loom near the finger rod and taking up motion.
The ratchet wheel is worked by a hanging lever or catch which is carried on or
suspended from the underside of the "slay," from a suitable fixing, and travels or
swings backwards and forwards with it, only coming in contact with the ratchet
when making a forward stroke. When the lever comes in contact with the ratchet
wheel it revolves a certain distance according to the stroke given. On the side of
the ratchet is placed a "pawl" wheel, which may be cast to if required, and acts
upon a regulating catch lever or spring fixed on the top side of finger rod lever for
arresting the taking up motion catch, thus holding the finger rod in one position
until one of the lifts of the "pawl" wheel has passed the end of the regulating
catch lever or spring, when it drops into the space between the lifts, thus allowing
the finger rod to perform its usual work and so on according to the number of
lifts on the "pawl" wheel and teeth on the ratchet, thus when "headings" or
stripes across the piece are being performed, the taking up roller is acted upon by
the regulating catch or spring, which prevents it taking up the cloth until a certain
required number of "picks" are given in one "slied," regulated by the ratio between
the lifts on "pawl" wheel and the teeth on ratchet, thereby forming a kind of
cord in the stripe. When the heading is made the attendant has only to adjust a
small screw in the upper end of the lever or catch fixed on the underside of the
slay," thus lifting the lever above the point of contact on the ratchet wheel, thus
allowing the taking up motion to act without further hindrance, and so on until
headings or stripes are required again, or it may be actuated automatically by a
rod worked from the levers and wheels provided for such purpose if required. To
ensure the lever or catch performing its work when required to work the ratchet
and "pawl" wheel it is pressed downwards by a spring or other equivalents.
"
4
The second part of my improvements relate to a method of securing the swell
piece in the back plate of shuttle box. The ordinary method of securing the swell
piece in the back plate of the shuttle-box is by cutting out a space in such plate
for the swell-piece to fit in, then to bore a small hole from the top edge of such
plate and fix a wire through the wood and customary eye at the outer end of such 4
swell-piece into the wood underneath, thus forming a wood and iron joint. The
great evils attending such methods are:-The pin going through to form such joint
is of necessity small and is very quickly worn out and breaks; this necessitates
taking out the back board to get out the broken pieces and replace with new, the
eye hole at the end of swell piece soon becomes oval, being small and necessarily 5

page_text: a new one is required, serious accidents likewise often occur from the flying out
of the shuttles when a breakage takes place.
"
To overcome these evils I make the boss in the "swell sufficiently large in
diameter to allow of its being fitted with a loose bush of brass, phosphor-bronze, or
other suitable inetal, through which the ordinary pin is driven in from top to
bottom, thus making the bush stationary and allowing the "swell" to swivel on
or round it, thus giving greater bearing surface, which must lengthen its life
to that of the loom, as the pin will never wear or break, being a fixture. In
another arrangement I make the holes in the back board of shuttle-box sufficiently
large to receive a bush or small fixing of suitable metal into which it is driven
and bored out to receive the pin, thus making it more durable, which must of
necessity make it stronger and less liable to fracture or get out of order.
The third part of my invention relates to the construction of crank arms with
strap and fast-block, the strap being fixed or secured by an eye bolt, the remaining
part of the arm being made of wrought, or cast iron, phosphor-bronz, or other
suitable metal in the form of a spindle or otherwise, having a boss at the end for
stay pin. The inner step of crank end is provided on the outside with a stem,
which is turned and screwed, over this is placed a nut having a projecting boss,
which is turned to fit the bored hole or recess in the fast block at stay pin end,
being also provided with a suitable check-nut to allow of its being adjusted by
simply slackening the check-nut and turning the first named nut and boss, which
through being turned on the screw stem on back step, takes up the slack, after
which it is locked by the nut for that purpose. To produce long life in these
crank arms, I make the wearing parts of phosphor-bronze, thus dispensing with a
great amount of wearing, consequently less attention and repairs required. In
another arrangement, I make them entirely of phosphor-bronze, the stay pin end
being made solid or otherwise and bored out, the crank end being made on what
is known as the "marine style" with the bottom step cast to the rod, and the
top step loose, both prepared with brackets or lugs for bolting them together
round the crank pins or centres.
The fourth part of my invention relates to the arms, levers and catches for
working the taking-up motion. Under the present system the arms or supports
for carrying the taking up motion levers and catches are made cast together, and
as the wear and tear on them is very great, they very quickly wear out, which
causes the whole to be thrown away. In my improvements I make the main
fixing loose, provided with the necessary holes and distance pieces to expedite
fitting, and fasten the same to the frame end of the loom, the centre I make loose
of the requisite diameter with a conical end sufficiently large and provided with
side slots to admit of both head and body of bolt sideways for securing the game
to the main fixing. By this arrangement, when the centres wear they can be
taken off easily and another replaced in a very short time, thus reducing the cost
considerably.
The levers and catches I make in various ways, each one saving both time, labor
and expense. Under the old system the levers are made with a slotted end, with a
centre boss for supporting the same on the centre, above this or near the top end is
a hole drilled to correspond with that through the boss on the end of the catch,
after they are put together by a pin about a quarter inch or three eighths inch
diameter, the ends. are rivetted over to keep the whole together, the top end of
lever being made elliptical to prevent the catch falling over to the wrong side and
thus prevent it from not performing that for which it is intended. Owing to the
smallness of the bearing on the pin, they very soon wear out, and have to be
renewed which is very expensive. In my arrangements I make the levers with a
boss at the top end about three-quarters of an inch or one inch diameter, the same
being "chilled" and provided with a centre hole cast in, to receive a small bolt
which is placed through after the catch is placed on, with a plate to form the head,
thus the catch is supported from the boss and upon which it works, the bolt and
plate being merely for the purpose of maintaining it in position. To prevent the

page_text: catch flying over I provide the lever immediately under the "chilled" boss with
a stop or projection. Another great feature in this arrangement is that the catch
can be taken of and reversed if required without disturbing either the lever or its
support. I also make the lever so that the catch is supported on each side and
which is accomplished by making one side loose and fitted with a boss that fits on
the centre arm on which it swivels, the lever boss is made sufficiently large to go
over this boss with the other side cast to the lever, thus when put together with
the catch placed on a chilled boss between them, a small bolt is passed through
the upper chilled boss and secured with a nut thus making a firm steady lever,
the catch is made as previously stated, and to prevent its falling over the large
boss or lever is provided with a stop on its upper side.
The
In another arrangement I make the lever in one piece with a fork at the top
end, one side being provided with a round hole and the opposite with a round hole
and vertical slot, slightly larger than the thickness of the neck of the catch.
catch is of the usual form with a round. T end, and to place it in position it only
requires to be inverted perpendicularly, when the round end and neck will pass
through the round hole and slot in one side, after which it is passed through to its
place, when it will fall down inside the fork, thus dispensing with a hollow boss and
bolt. To prevent it flying over to the wrong side the top end of one side of tho
fork is made slightly longer and provided with a pin to stop its course upwards,
the same having to be taken out when the catch is required to be taken out. In
this case also the catch can be reversed at will if requisite.
The fifth part of my invention relates to my improved spindle stud, which I
make as follows:-I make the spindle stud and head of malleable iron or other
equivalents, and place the head in its usual position in the "slay" sword making
the space for the shuttle to strike against of compressed paper, either in layers or a
block, thus making the shuttle less liable to fracture than under the present system,
for if the shuttle strikes with the tip it will prevent "fluzzing" and if it should
rise prevent the timber or body of the shuttle from being damaged.
In order that my invention may be fully understood and readily carried into
operation, I will now proceed to describe the accompanying drawings, referenco
being made to the figures and letters marked thereon.
Fig. 1 is a side elevation of the part of a loom, shewing my improvements for
weaving cloths, handkerchiefs or other articles having stripes or patterns across the
picce. Fig. 2 is a front elevation of Fig. 1, and Fig. 3 is a plan of Fig. 1.
On the frame end of the loom I secure the arm A and stud A' by means of the
bolt A; on the stud A¹ I place the ratchet wheel B and "pawl" wheel C, the
latter being cast to the side of the ratchet wheel B or bolted to or otherwise, if
desired. The ratchet wheel B is operated upon by the lever D which is carried or
suspended from the fixing E fastened to the back side of the slay F, which swings
or travels back wards and forwards with it, only coming in contact with the ratchet
wheel B when making a forward stroke. When the lever D comes in contact with
the ratchet wheel B, it causes the latter to revolve a certain distance according to
the stroke given from the slay F. The "pawl" wheel C being fastened to the
ratchet wheel B, it revolves with it, the "pawls" or arms raising or lowering the
catch lever G which is fixed on the top side of the finger rod catch lever H, the latter
being for the purpose of arresting the taking up motion catch wheel I, thus when
the "pawls" have lifted the point a, on the underside of the lever H, above the
point of contact with the wheel I, the finger rod J is held in one position until the
pawl" operating, has liberated the catch lever G, when the finger rod is again 5
allowed to perform its usual work, and so on according to the ratio between the
number of "pawls" or lifts on the "pawl" wheel C, and the teeth on the ratchet
wheel B, thus when headings or stripes are being made, the taking up roller is
actuated by the regulating catch G which prevents the taking up roller from taking
up the cloth until a certain required number of picks are given in one shed, 5
regulated by the ratio between the lifts on " pawl" wheel C and the teeth on the
ratchet wheel B, thereby forming a kind of cord in the stripe. When the heading

page_text: has been made, the person in charge of the loom, adjusts the screw b, which by
screwing against the plate or fixing E on the back side of the slay F, rises the
point of the lever D above the point of contact with the ratchet wheel B, thus
allowing the ordinary taking up motion and finger rod to act without further
bindrance, and so on until headings or stripes are required again. To ensure the
lever D performing its work effectively when required to work the ratchet wheel B
it is pressed downwards by the spring K, which is fastened underside the slay F.
The second part of my invention relates to improvements in securing the swell
piece in the back plate of shuttle box. Fig. 4 is a front elevation of swell in
shuttle box board or back plate. Fig. 5 is a plan of same.
The boss B in the swell piece A is made sufficiently large in diameter to allow
of its being fitted with the loose bush C made of any suitable metal, such as Brass,
Phosphor-bronze or steel, which extends the entire depth of the swell piece A, with
the pin D driven in from the top to the bottom of back board E, thus making the
bush C stationary and allowing the swell A to swivel on or round it, thereby
giving greater bearing surface.
Fig. 6 shows another arrangement I employ of mounting the swell A on the
pin D. On the top and bottom of the back board E, I fix by means of the
screws a, the bushes or fixings F, the ends being bored to receive the pin D, in
which it swivels, the pin being secured to the swell piece A by the set screw G.
Fig. 7 is a plan of same.
Fig. 8 is another method I adopt, this is effected by providing the back board E
with the pin D, the swell piece A, swivelling with it, being secured by the set
screw G. Fig. 9 is a plan of Fig. 8.
Fig. 10 shows another plan or arrangement I adopt, which is effected by bushing
with metallic materials, such as brass phosphor-bronze or steel, the back board E,
the pin D passing through both bushes, and being secured to the swell piece A by
the set screw G, causing the pin D to swivel with the swell A in the bushes F.
Fig. 11 is a plan of Fig. 10.
Fig. 12 is another arrangement I employ in mounting the swell piece A, to the
back of the back board E, immediately above and below the opening for the swell
piece to work in, I place or provide the fixings S, which are secured by the
screws b, the pin D being passed through the fixings S and swell A, the former
being secured to the swell piece by the set screw G, thereby causing both to swivel
together, at the same time fastening the pin in position. Fig. 13 is a plan
of Fig. 12.
Sometimes I secure the swell piece A as shewn in Figs 14 and 15. On the back
of the board E I fasten the fixings S as in Figs 12 and 13, with the screws b, the
stem or centre T being made square in the middle to allow of the swell A. being
secured to it, by the set screw G, the extreme ends of the stem T being made
round, acting as centres working in the fixings S.
The third part of my invention relates to the construction of crank arms which
is shown fully in Figs. 16, 16 A, 17, 18 and 19.
The strap W is secured in position on the steps R by the eye bolt M, the
remaining part of the arm can be made of wrought or cast iron, phosphor-bronze, or
other suitable metal in the form of the spindle A, having the boss N or adjustable
neck O at the end for the stay pin. The inner step of crank end is provided on
the outside with the screw stem R', on this is placed the nut V having the pro-
jecting boss V which fits the hole or recess in the fast block or spindle A at stay
Opin end, being also provided with the check nut B; in case the necks wear, the
slack is taken up by simply screwing the nut V outwards, the same being locked
by the nut B.
To enable the stay pin end being adjusted, the end of block or spindle A is made
semi-circular, the other half C¹ being loose and held in position by the strap W.
5 The outside edges of the nuts B and V are milled or provided with the notches t,
to enable them to be easily operated upon, as shown in Fig. 16 A.
In another arrangement I make them as shown in Figs 20 and 21, in which

page_text: case I make them entirely of phosphor-bronze; the stay pin end N, being cast with
a small hole in and bored out to fit the stay pin in the slay sword. The crank
end R being made on what is known as the "Marine style" with the bottom
step R¹ cast to the rod N, the top steps R2 being loose, and forming the cap, being
provided with the brackets or lugs S for bolting them together round the crank
pins by the bolts T. The middle of the rod can be made + form or any other as
desired.
The fourth part of my invention relates to the arms, levers and catches for
working the taking up motion.
My improved arms or supports for carrying the taking up motion levers and
catches, are made as shown in Figs 29 and 30.
The main fixing A is made separate and provided with the necessary hole or
slot B, and the distance pieces C to expedite fitting, the same being fastened to the
frame end D of the loom. The centre E on which the levers swivel is made
separate of the requisite diameter, with the conical end F made sufficiently large
and provided with the side slots G to admit both the head and body of the bolt H
side-ways, thus securing the same to the main fixing A. This enables the centres
when worn or broken to be taken off easily and replaced by another in a few
minutes, without disturbing or renewing the main fixing A, thus reducing the cost
considerably.
The levers and catches I make in various ways, each one saving both time, labor
and expense.
Figs. 22 and 23, is an arrangement wherein I make the levers M with the boss N
at the top end about three-fourths of an inch to one inch in diameter, the same
being "chilled" and provided with a hole cast in, this bring to receive the small
bolt a, which is placed through after the catch S is placed on the "chilled" boss N,
by which it is supported and on which it works, being provided with the plate or
washer o, and secured with the nut b on the bolt a.
To prevent the catch S flying over, the lever M is provided immediately under
the "chilled" bos: N with the stop or projection K, so that in case the catch S
attempts to fly over the small lip on the back side comes in contact with the
projection K and prevents it. An important feature in this arrangement is, that
the catch S can be taken off, and reversed if required, without disturbing either
the lever M or its support.
In another arrangement I make the lever M so that the catch S is supported on
cach side side as shown in Figs 24 and 25. I accomplish this by making the
side A loose, provided with the "chilled" boss N, and the centre boss S¹ that fits
loose in the boss B on the centre arm to lever M, on which it swivels on the
support E, as in Fig. 29. The boss B is made sufficiently large to admit the boss S¹,
the side A being cast to the lever M and boss B, thus when put together the 4
catch S is placed on the "chilled" boss N between the sides or top ends of lever A
and A¹, the small bolt U., being passed through the upper "chilled" boss N, being
secured by the nut b, thus making a firm steady lever.
with the small lip t, on the back side, which in any attempt to fly over, comes in
The catch S is provided
contact with the stop or projection K, which is cast to the boss B on the lever M.
4
Figs. 26 and 27, show another arrangement I adopt in making these levers to
save time, labor and expense. I make the lever M in one piece with the fork end z
at the top end, one side being provided with the round hole d, and the opposite
side with the round hole d' and vertical slot d slightly larger than the thickness
of the neck Q of the catch S. The catch is of the usual form with the round T end ƒ. 50
This is placed in position by being held perpendicular, when the round end ƒ will
pass through the round hole d' and slot d on the inlet side, after which it is passed
through to its true position, and allowed to fall down inside the fork end 3;
thereby dispensing with the hollow boss and bolt as in Figs 22, 23, 24 and 25.
To prevent the catch S flying over in this case, the top end of one side of fork 2 is 5
extended upwards and provided with the circular end U, the saine being provided
with the set screw p, extending beyond and over the catch S, the same having to

page_text: be removed in case the catch is to be taken out. In this case also the catch can be
reversed at will if requisite.
The fifth part of my invention relates to an improved spindle stud as shown in
Fig. 31.
The spindle stud h, and head r, are made of malleablo iron or other equivalents,
the head being placed in its usual position, the space for the shuttle to strike against
being made of compressed paper either in layers or a block as at i, in Fig. 31, thus
making the shuttle less liable to fracture than under the present system, for if the
shuttle strikes the compressed paper 2, with the tip, fluzzing will be prevented
and if it should rise it will prevent the timber or body of the shuttle from being
damaged, thus effecting a great saving in shuttles.
The novelty of this invention is that by the application of these arrangements,
considerable time, labor and expense will be saved, besides prolonging the life of the
loom considerably; a requirement long felt by the trade.
Another feature is that when weaving "headings" or "stripes," it is done auto-
matically, instead of by hand as at present, which must result in producing
better work with less attention and labor, being another great advantage to the
trade.
Having thus stated the nature of my Invention, and described the mode of
performing the same, I would have it understood that I do not confine myself to
the precise details or configuration of the parts I have shown and described, as the
same may be varied or modified without departing from the principle of my
Invention; but what I claim and desire to be secured to me by Letters patent is :-
First. The arrangement, use and construction of my improvements for weaving
"bendings" or "stripes" on cloths, handkerchiefs or other articles at certain
intervals as required; substantially as described and as shown on the drawings in
Figs 1, 2 and 3.
Second. The construction and use of the various methods for securing the swell
piece in the back-board of the shuttle box; substantially in the manner described
and as shown on the drawings in Figs. 4 to 15.
Third. The construction and use of the improved crank arms; substantially as
described and as shown on the drawings in Figs. 16, 10A, 17, 18, 19, 20 and 21.
Fourth. The arrangement, use and construction of the improved arms, fixings,
levers, and catches for working the taking up motion in looms; substantially as
described, shown and illustrated on the drawings in Figs. 22 to 30.
Fifth. The improved spindle stud, for the purpose of preserving the shuttles,
constructed as shown, described and illustrated on the drawings in Fig. 31.
In witness whereof I the said Thomas Singleton have hereunto set my hand
and seal this twenty-second day of January in the year of our Lord one
thousand eight hundred and eighty three.
THOMAS SINGLETON (L.S.)