IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MODE OF AND IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING HAIR CLOTH AND OTHER FABRI03.
Year: 1869

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Handsley Dales and John Frederick
Maygrove, both of Wood Street, in the City of London, for the
Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MODE OF AND IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING
HAIR CLOTH AND OTHER FABRI03."
Sealed the 2nd October 1869, and dated the 10th April 1869.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Handsley Dales
and John Frederick Maygrove at the Office of the Commissioners
of Patents, with their Petition, on the 10th April 1869.
We, JOHN HANDSLEY DALES and JOHN FREDERICK MAYGROVE, both
of Wood Street, in the City of London, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MODE OF AND IN LOOMS FOR
WEAVING HAIR CLOTH AND OTHER FABRICE," to be as follows:-
Our Invention relates to improvements in the mode of and in looins
for weaving horsehair, silk (cut), and other short or non-continuous
fibres or threads to be used as weft to form the fabric desired.
The first part of our Invention consists of an improved mode of
weaving the threads above referred to when they are of insufficient length
Price 821

page_text: to reach entirely across the warp.
Hitherto horsehair threads have been
supplied from either side and dropped at or near the centre of the warp,
the ends being left loose on the reverse side of the piece, so that after
but little use the said ends of the weft threads are very liable to fray
out on the face of the piece. This we obviate in the following manner:
-A warp thread is passed between each of the dents of the reed entirely
across the same in the usual manner. Below this warp foundation we place
a second row of warp threads, about forty or fifty in number (more or
less), arranged in two sets of equal number, one on either side of the
centre of the piece with a small space between the two sets. These
two sets of threads constitute a second warp or warps, through which
and through the opposite half of the upper warp the weft threads are
caused to pass alternately, the whole of the other half of the upper warp
being raised clear of the shuttle until the next stroke by the jacquard
or other suitable apparatus. By this means a fabric is produced having
two selvedges on the reverse side near the centre, which effectually
prevent the fraying out of the weft before mentioned.
The second part of our Invention relates to an improved mode of
supplying the hair or threads to a shuttle of suitable construction by
means of pickers similar to those described in the Specification of our
Invention of improvements in the weaving of hair cloth, filed on the
27th day of November 1868, No. 3620. These pickers each consist of
a straight wire or needle having at the end a transverse groove large
enough to contain one or more hairs or threads. Each picker is
mounted in a sliding piece moving in guides above either shuttle box,
which sliding piece is operated by suitable gearing from the driving
shaft of the loom so as to bring down each picker at the proper moment
for supplying a thread to the shuttle. A bundle of hair or thread is
placed under cach picker, so that the latter on its downward movement
will
pass through said bundle at about an inch from the end and carry
with it one hair or thread; this picker passes down through a slot
formed in either end of the shuttle, carrying with it the end of the said
hair or thread, which it places between a pair of spring or other clips
below the shuttle, which on the picker again rising close and retain the
end of the said hair or thread; these clips are each mounted at the
end of a sliding bolt moving in a groove in the bottom of the shuttle
box, along which the bolt is traversed by the hammer for driving the
shuttle, said clips being opened by a wedge-shaped piece working
slightly in advance of the picker slide on which it is carried.

page_text: The action of the apparatus is as follows:-A hair or thread having
been placed between the clips by the picker, as above described, by
which it is firmly held, motion is imparted to the shuttle by the
hammer acting on the sliding bolt, which bolt moves with the shuttle
to the edge of the warp, where it remains until the shuttle again
returns. When the shuttle is thrown the hair or thread as it recedes.
is immediately drawn through the slot in the end of the same, and as
the one end of the hair or thread is retained at the edge of the warp
by the spring or other clips above mentioned the opposite end will be
carried by the shuttle to the other side of the warp. The shuttle first
passes through the nearest half of the upper warp, and then through
the opposite half of the lower warp, when the hair or thread is dropped
by the shuttle, it being of insufficient length to reach entirely across
the whole piece. The shuttle passes on to the opposite shuttle box,
where it is supplied with another hair or thread, and returns through
the opposite halves of the warps to the first box, laying a thread as
before. The two wefts are then beat up by the forward motion of the
reed, the gearing by which the hammers are operated being so arranged
that the shuttle shall be thrown from both sides before the weft is beat
up by the reed instead of after each throw as usual. In order that the
picker may not work out all the hair or threads from one part of the
bundle and so pass through without supplying the shuttle and clips,
we place each bundle in a cylinder mounted in bearings caused to
partially rotate at each stroke of the picker by means of a pawl and
ratchet so that the picker will pass through a different part of the
bundle each time.
In order to avoid making a break in the face of the cloth or fabric by
one of the pickers failing to take a hair or thread we provide the follow-
ing arrangement by which the "take-up" is stopped should no weft
thread be thrown. Below the shuttle box a lever is pivoted, through
which a hole is pierced of such a size that the picker alone is free to
pass through, said lever being so nearly balanced that the hair or thread
carried down by the picker when supplying the shuttle is sufficient to
prevent the picker passing and to depress the lever. This depression of
the lever causes a pawl to be thrown into gear with a ratchet wheel on
the shaft communicating motion to the harness, so that should the picker
fail to take a hair it will pass freely through the lever without effecting
the said communication between the driving shaft and the harness,
which will not consequently be operated until the weft is again thrown!

page_text: The third part of our Invention relates to an improved arrangement
of shuttle to be used in weaving non-continuous weft threads when the
latter are long enough to pass completely across the entire piece, in
which case but one warp would be employed as usual. We place two
pairs of spring or other clips in guides within the shuttle, which is made
hollow (one pair at either end). These clips are caused to protrude
from the end of the shuttle at the proper moment, the one to seize a
hair or thread supplied by the picker, and the other to release that
which it has just carried through the warp. These clips are operated by
wedge-shaped slides working through the side of either shuttle box, one
of the said slides on the forward motion of the batten taking place
being projected through a slot in the shuttle by coming in contact with
a fixed stop. This wedge passes between the two clips and causes them
to project from either end of the shuttle. By this movement the clips
are opened by coming in contact with a fixed stop placed between their
fingers, and upon the backward motion of the batten (said wedge being
withdrawn by a spring or by other means) the fingers will be again
closed and withdrawn within the shuttle by the action of their springs.
Instead of a wedge being mounted in each shuttle box as above
described for operating the clips a similar wedge may be carried in the
shuttle itself projecting slightly therefrom. On the shuttle entering one
of its boxes the projecting end of this wedge, which is provided with a
friction roller, comes in contact with an inclined stud fixed inside each
shuttle box, by which the wedge is forced into the shuttle for the purpose
of operating the clips, as above described.
The arrangement of shuttle and clips referred to in the second part of our
Invention before described may also be applied for the purpose of weaving
with threads long enough to form a shoot entirely across the piece, as last
herein described. The pickers before described are placed one at each end
of the reed, and are worked up and down by levers which are connected
with slides placed vertically between guides fixed to the frame of the batten.
In the centre of these slides are cut slots, and at each end of the slots are
inserted friction wheels or rollers; through each one of these slides
between the friction rollers are placed levers having their ends that pass
through the slots curved to the are which the batten describes in its
backward and forward motion at that point; the other ends of the
levers are fixed to the frame by a bolt which forms a fulcrum. Between
the fulcrum and the curved part underneath and above are placed drums

page_text: operated by the driving shaft, having on their surfaces projections to
raise or depress the levers as they are required, said levers raising or
lowering the slides, which by connecting rods and elbow levers are
attached to the pickers. The pickers may also be operated in other
suitable manner.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said John Handsley Dales and John Frederick
Maygrove in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 9th October
1869.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, JOHN'
HANDSLEY DALES and JOHN FREDERICK MAYGROVE, both of Wood
Street, in the City of London, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Tenth day of April, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-nine, in the thirty-
second year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give
and grant unto us, the said John Handsley Dales and John Frederick
Maygrove, Her special licence that we, the said John Handsley Dales
and John Frederick Maygrove, our executors, administrators, and
assigns, or such others as we, the said John Handsley Dales and John
Frederick Maygrove, our executors, administrators, and assigns, should at
any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times
thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might,
make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MODE OF AND IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING HAIR
CLOTH AND OTHER FABRICS," upon the condition (amongst others) that we,
the said John Handsley Dales and John Frederick Maygrove, our
executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under our,
or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe
and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner
the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the
Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and imme-
diately after the date of the said Letters Patent.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said John Handsley Dales and John
Frederick Maygrove, do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention,
and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement, reference
being had to the six Sheets of Drawings hereunto annexed, and to the
letters and figures marked thereon (that is to say):-
Our Invention relates to improvements in the mode of and in looms
for weaving horsehair, silk (cut), and other short or non-continuous
fibres or threads to be used as weft in the formation of the fabric
desired.
The first part of our Invention consists of an improved mode of
weaving the threads above referred to when they are not long enough
to reach entirely across the warp. Hitherto the horsehair threads have
been supplied from either side, and dropped at or near the centre of
the warp, the ends being left loose on the reverse side of the piece, so
that after but little use the said ends of the weft threads were very liable
to fray out on the face of the piece. This we obviate in the following
manner: A warp thread is passed between each of the dents of the
rced entirely across the same in the usual manner.
Below this warp
foundation we place a second row of warp threads, about forty or fifty
in number, more or less, arranged in two sets of equal number, one
on either side of the centre of the piece. These two sets of threads
constitute a second warp or warps through which and through the
opposite half of the upper warp the weft threads are caused to pass
alternately, the other half of the upper warp being raised clear of the
shuttle until the next stroke by the jacquard or other suitable apparatus.
By this means a fabric is produced having two selvedges at the back
near the centre which effectually prevent the fraying out of the weft, as
before mentioned.
The second part of our Invention relates to an improved mode of
supplying the hair or thread to a shuttle of peculiar construction by
means of pickers similar to those described in the Specification of our
Invention of improvements in the weaving of hair cloth, dated the
27th November 1868, Number 3620. These pickers each consist of a
straight wire or needle having at the end a transverse groove just large
enough to contain a single hair or thread. Each picker is mounted in
a sliding piece moving in guides above either shuttle box, which sliding

page_text: piece is operated by suitable gearing from the driving shaft of the loom
so as to bring down each picker at the proper moment for supplying the
thread to the shuttle. A bundle of hair or thread is placed under each
picker, so that the latter on its downward movement will pass through
said bundle at about an inch from the end to carry with it one (or if
desired more than one) hair or thread; this picker passes down through
a slot formed in either end of the shuttle, carrying with it the end of
the said hair or thread, which it places between a pair of spring or other
clips below the shuttle, which on the picker again rising close and retain
the end of the said hair or thread; these clips are each mounted at
the end of a sliding bolt moving in a groove in the bottom of the shuttle
box along which the bolt is traversed by the picking stick or hammer for
driving the shuttle, said clips being opened by a wedge-shaped piece
working slightly in advance of the picker slide on which it is carried.
The action of the apparatus is as follows:-A hair or thread having
been placed between the clips by the picker, as above described, by
which it is firmly held, motion is imparted to the shuttle by the picking
stick acting on the sliding bolt, which bolt moves with the shuttle to the
edge of the warp, where it remains until the shuttle again returns,
When the shuttle is thrown the hair or thread as it recedes is im-
mediately drawn through the slot in the end of the same, and as the one
end of the hair or thread is retained at the edge of the warp by the
spring or other clip, as above mentioned, the opposite end will be.
carried by the shuttle to the other side of the warp. The shuttle first
passes through the nearest half of the upper and then through the
opposite half of the lower warp, when the hair or thread is dropped by
the shuttle, it being of insufficient length to reach entirely across the
whole picce. The shuttle passes on to the opposite shuttle box, where
it is supplied with another hair or thread, and returns through the
opposite halves of the warps, the position of which have in the mean-
time been reversed to the first box, laying a thread as before. The two
wefts are then beat up by the forward motion of the reed, the gearing
by which the hammers are operated being so arranged that the shuttle
shall be thrown from both sides before the weft is beat up by the reed,
instead of after each throw as usual. In order that the picker may not
work out all the hair or threads from one part of the bundle, and so
pass through without supplying the shuttle and clips, we place cach
bundle in a cylinder mounted in bearings caused to partially rotate at

page_text: each stroke of the picker by means of a pawl and ratchet, so that the
picker will pass through a different part of the bundle each time.
In order to avoid making a break in the face of the cloth should one
of the pickers fail to take a hair or thread we provide the following
arrangement by which the "harness and take-up" is stopped should
no weft thread be thrown:-Above the shuttle box a lever is pivoted,
through which a hole is pierced of such a size that the picker alone is
free to pass through said lever, being balanced so that the hair or thread
carried down by the picker when supplying the shuttle is sufficient to
prevent the picker passing and to depress the lever. This depression
of the lever causes a pawl to be thrown into gear with a ratchet wheel
on the shaft communicating motion to the harness, so that should the
picker fail to take a hair it will pass freely through the lever without
effecting the said communication between the driving shaft and the
harness, which will not consequently be operated until the weft is again
thrown.
The third part of our Invention relates to an improved arrangement of
shuttle to be used when the weft threads are long enough to pass com-
pletely across the entire piece, in which case but onc warp would be
employed as usual. We place two pairs of spring clips in guides within
the shuttle, which is made hollow, one pair at either end, which clips
are caused to protrude from the ends of the shuttle at the proper
moment, the one to seize a hair or thread supplied by the picker, and
the other to release that which it has just carried through the warp.
These clips are operated by wedge-shaped slides working through the
side of either shuttle box, one of the said slides on the forward motion
of the batten being projected through a slot in the shuttle by coming
in contact with a fixed stop. This wedge passes between the two clips,
and causes them to project from either end of the shuttle. By this
movement the clips are caused to open on coming in contact with a fixed
stop placed between their fingers, and upon the backward motion of the
batten (said wedge being withdrawn by a spring or by other means) the
fingers will be again closed and withdrawn within the shuttle by the
action of their springs. Instead of a wedge being mounted in each
shuttle box, as above described, for operating the clips a similar wedge
may be carried in the shuttle itself, projecting slightly therefrom. On
the shuttle entering one of its boxes the projecting end of this wedge
(which is provided with a friction roller) comes in contact with an

page_text: inclined plane placed inside each shuttle box, by which the wedge is
forced into the shuttle for the purpose of operating the clips, as above
described.
The arrangement of shuttle and mode of supplying the weft form-
ing the second part of our Invention before described may also be
applied for the purpose of weaving with threads long enough to form a
shoot entirely across the piece, as last herein described. The pickers,
which are placed one at each end of the reed, may also be worked up and
down by levers which are connected with slides placed vertically between
guides fixed to the frame of the batten. In the centre of these slides
are cut slots, and at each end of the slots are inserted friction wheels or
rollers. Through each one of these slides between the friction rollers
are placed levers having the ends that pass through the slots curved to
the arc which the batten describes in its backward and forward motion.
at that point. The other ends of the levers are fixed to the frame by
a bolt which forms a fulcrum. Then between the fulcrum and the
curved part underneath and above are placed drums having on their
surfaces projections to raise or depress the levers as they are required,
the levers raising or lowering the slides, which by connecting rods and
elbow levers are attached to the pickers.
Figures 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8 illustrate our improved mode of
weaving with horschair, silk (cut), or other short or non-continuous
fibres or threads serving as the weft.
Figure 1 is a transverse section of the warp threads on an enlarged
scale showing their disposition as well as the course taken by the weft.
a, a', arc warp threads (of cotton or other suitable material), each of
which is passed between a dent of the reed entirely across the same in
the usual manner. Below this warp foundation we place a second row
of warp threads arranged in two sets b, b', of equal number, one on
cither side of the centre of the piece, as scen. c is a weft thread which
has been passed through one-half a of the upper warp and through the
opposite half of the lower warp, as shown. The next weft thread c¹
from the opposite side is first passed through the other half a¹ of the
upper warp and through the opposite half of the lower warp, and so
on alternately from either side through the nearest half of the upper

page_text: and the opposite half of the lower warps, which are shed as required,
and the other half of the upper warp raised out of the way by jacquard
or other suitable apparatus. In this manner a fabric is produced having
two selvedges at the back, as shown in Figure 2, which is a plan
view of the back of a finished pièce, d and d' being the selvedges
which effectually prevent the fraying out of the weft threads at that
part.
A modification of the above consists in causing the consecutive weft
threads from the same side of the pipe to "break joint" and thereby pro-
duce two pairs of selvedges one pair at either side of the centre at the back
of the piece, by which arrangement the line of junction of the opposite weft
threads is rendered less perceptible should strain be applied to the fabric
laterally. Figure 3 represents a transverse section of the warp threads as
arranged for this purpose, some of the weft threads being shown in blue
color for the sake of more clearly indicating their course. a, a', are
two equal portions of the upper warp, as before, the central part a
being alternately common to both positions, as herein-after described.
The second row of warp threads is divided by a central space, each half
being formed of two equal portions b, b', and b, b, for producing the
two pairs of selvedges placed at either side of the centre of the upper
warp, as seen. The opening for the first shoot is made by shedding the
warp, as seen in Figure 4, by which it will be seen that several of
the threads (preferably every fifth thread) of part a of the upper warp
have been raised, as also every alternate thread of part of the under
warp, the remaining threads of said parts being lowered to form a shed
through which the weft 1 is laid, parts a', a, of the upper warp, as well
as parts and of the lower warp being raised, and part lowered out
of the way. The opening for the second shoot or weft 2 to complete
the traverse across the piece is formed, as shown in Figure 5, by raising
every fifth thread of parts a' and of the upper warp, together with
every alternate thread of part b of the lower warp, the remaining threads
of those parts being lowered. All the threads of part a are raised,
and those of parts b', b, and lowered out of the way, as shown.
Figure 6 illustrates the manner in which the third shoot or weft 3 is
laid. The warp threads are arranged similar to those in Figure 5,
except that their positions are transposed from left to right, as seen.
Figure 7 is an illustration of shoot 4, the weft threads being arranged

page_text: as in Figure 4, similarly transposed. The positions of these four weft
threads when beat up are shown in the enlarged view, Figure 3, in which
it will be seen that there are two lines of junction between the upper
and lower fabrics, the latter forming the four selvedges b, b', b², b³,
arranged in pairs, as seen in Figure 8. I prefer to shed the upper warp
by raising every fifth thread. as shown. in order to obtain a satin-
faced fabric, but any other convenient number of threads may intervene
between each thread raised. In this manner the junction between
the fabric proper and the selvedges takes the zig-zag form seen in
Figure 8.
Figures 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, and 18 illustrate the second
part of our Invention, which relates to improved apparatus for
weaving, as before described in reference to the first part of our
Invention.
Figure 9 shows in front elevation one-half of a loom constructed
according to our Invention, the improvements being similarly applied
to the other half; Figure 10 is a side clevation of the "going part"
of the loom from the other or right-hand side of the same, the parts
not necessary to explain the Invention being omitted in both Figures.
A is the upper cross bar of the batten mounted in the usual manner;
is one of the two pickers, consisting of a needle-shaped rod having a
transverse groove at the point large enough to contain a single hair or
thread, as described in the former Patent before referred to, or if it is
desired (when weaving silk for instance) to throw more than one thread
at a time, the size of the groove in the picker point would be increased
in proportion. Each picker is similarly mounted on a sliding piece or
picker carrier C moving vertically in a guide block B secured to the
batten.
At the top and bottom of this guide block B are hinged four
adjustable clamps d secured, by the adjusting screws d' and provided
with friction rollers bearing against the sides of picker carrier C. By
this means the vertical course of the picker carrier Cand picker c³ may
be shifted as required. This picker ca, which is operated as herein-after
described, is placed above the shuttle box D down through an aperture
in the top of which it passes, to supply a hair or thread to the shuttle D',
which is shown in position in its box D. E is the bundle of hair or
threads which is enclosed in a horizontal cylinder E' mounted to rotate
in bearings E above the shuttle box D; this bundle of weft threads
projects from the end of the cylinder beneath the picker c", which in its

page_text: downward movement passes through said bundle near the end thereof,
taking with it one (or it may be more than one) hair or thread, which it
carries down through the slot eat the rear end of the shuttle. The end of
this thread carried down by the picker c" is placed between the fingers f
of a spring clip placed below the shuttle D' mounted at the end of a
bolt f, which clip has been previously opened by a vertical rod c¹
mounted parallel to picker e on the picker carrier C. This rod c' moves
with picker and terminates in a wedge-shaped end slightly longer
than the picker point. This wedge e passes between and opens fingers
f', which fingers upon the wedge rod c being raised with the picker
carrier close upon and retain the hair or thread supplied by the picker c.
The bolt moves in a groove f in the bottom of the shuttle box D
along which it is traversed for the purpose of throwing the shuttle by
the picking stick F which rises through a slot in said bolt. When the
shuttle D' is thrown bolt f follows it to the edge of the warp, where it
remains, holding the end of the weft thread between clips f', which weft
thread as the shuttle recedes is immediately drawn out from cylinder E¹
through the slot e in the end of the shuttle. As the one end of said
weft thread is retained between clip fingers f, as supplied thereto by
picker c, the other end will be carried by the shuttle to the opposite
side of the lower warp, as shown in Figures 4, 5, 6, and 7, where it
passes out from slot e and is dropped, the shuttle passing on to the
opposite shuttle box. Just before the end of the weft thread leaves the
shuttle the latter passes through pair of spring clips (shown in full
size in detached views, Figures 11, 12, and 13) recessed in cross bar A
in the raceway of the shuttle which clips after the passage of the
shuttle through them close and retain the end of the weft thread until
the same is beat up by the forward motion of the reed. These spring
clips are provided wherever the weft is dropped by the shuttle, and for
weaving with two pairs of supplementary selvedges, as in Figure 3, four
pairs of spring clips would be required, one pair at each outer edge of
the under warps b, 61, 62, 63. The shuttle passes through one pair of
clips only at each throw, the remainder being pressed down to the level
of the raceway by the lower shed of the warp to the red line position.
Figure 11.

page_text: illustrated in Figures 9 and 10. G is the driving shaft mounted and
receiving power in the usual manner; a spur wheel G' keyed upon this
shaft G gears with a second wheel H' keyed upon a transverse shaft H
mounted in suitable bearings. Towards either end of this shaft is
mounted a wheel H having a cam groove formed in the face thereof.
In this groove works a friction roller carried on the end of a lever I
pivoted at 1' to the framework of the loom. The other end of this lever
arm I is bent at a right angle and carried out sideways, as shown in
Figure 9, and is connected at its extremity with a vertical slide J by
means of a connecting rod J'. K is a bracket fixed rigidly to the upper
part of the vertical slide J, from which it projects at right angles, the
extremity of said bracket passing between friction rollers mounted in a
slot in the upper part of the picker carrier C. Je are guides secured to
the cross bar A, in which the slide J moves up and down. Thus on
rotary motion being communicated from the driving shaft to the cam
shaft H by means of the gearing before described the lever I will be
rocked on its fulcrum I' at each revolution of cam wheel H. This
oscillation of lever I moves slide J up and down in its guides J and
with it bracket Kand picker carrier C, whereby the picker c" is brought
down at the proper moment for supplying a thread to the shuttle. i is
an adjusting screw placed at the lower end of slide J for regulating the
picker stroke by raising or lowering the connection between slide J and
rod J. In order to prevent the picker working out all the hair or threads
from one part of the bundle E and so pass through without supplying the
shuttle E' and clips, we cause the cylinder E' in which the bundle is
placed to be rotated in its bearings E by means of a spring slide or
pawl engaging with ratchet teeth j' surrounding the cylinder E¹,
which pawl is operated at each rise of the slide J by means of an arm j³
projecting therefrom to rotate the cylinder E one tooth j', and so cause
picker to pass through the bundle in a different direction at each
stroke. The cylinder E' is provided with an inner flange at the open end,
and in weaving hair is partially filled with water to keep the hair
forming the weft in a moist condition.
The following relates to an arrangement for stopping the "take-up"
and "harness" should either of the pickers fail to take a thread, and so
avoid the formation of a break in the face of the fabric in consequence
of no weft thread being thrown-k is a lever mounted on a fulcrum on
the shuttle box D, at the extremity of which lever a small plate is

page_text: carried pierced with a hole of such a size that the picker c only, which
is slightly tapered, can pass through without a hair or thread. Lever
is arranged or balanced horizontally so that the hair or thread carried
down by picker is sufficient to prevent the latter passing freely
through the hole by jamming it therein, thereby causing that end of
the lever to be depressed, as shown in red lines. This depression of
lever causes a pawl 7, Figure 10, to be thrown into gear with a
ratchet wheel L mounted on the shaft L' communicating motion to the
"harness," so that should the picker fail to take a hair it will pass freely
through lever without causing the "harness" to be operated. This is
effected in the following manner: Two levers M, M', the lower ends of
which are hook-shaped, are suspended on a pivot from the cross bar A.
Lever M is connected to the short extremity of lever k, as shown, by
means of rods and bell crank ', the other hook lever M' being similarly
connected with the corresponding lever at the other side of the loom.
Levers being horizontal the lever M will be drawn back by a
spring M to the position shown, but when the lever is depressed by
the picker and thread lever M will be brought forward to the position
shown in red lines. Pawlis provided with a tail piece l', and is pivoted
with a certain degree of stiffness (obtained by means of spring ) to a
lever N working loosely on shaft L'. To this lever N a limited up-and-
down motion is imparted from a cranked shaft N (receiving motion
from shaft H) by means of the connecting rod N'. The operation of the
parts is as follows:-The lever M being brought to the red line position
by the picker taking a thread, as before described, the tail piece l' of
pawl will on the downward motion of lever N come into contact with
the hook of lever M, whereby the pawl is caused to engage with the
teeth of ratchet wheel L, and so partially rotate shaft L' (by the upward
movement of lever N) for operating the "harness." On the contrary,
should the picker fail to take a thread lever M will not be moved, and
the tail piece of pawl 7 meeting with no resistance as it descends the
pawl will not be thrown forward to engage with the ratchet wheel L,
and the "harness" will consequently not be operated until the picker
takes a thread. Communicating with levers M. M', is an arrangement
for operating the "take-up" and throwing it out of gear at the same
time with the "harness." O is the cloth beam or piece roller mounted
in the framing in the usual manner, with which a ratchet wheel P, also
mounted in the framing, communicates by means of the gearing shown.
This ratchet wheel P is operated by a pawl P¹ jointed to a swinging

page_text: lever P pendant from the framework of the loom. m, n, are bolts which
pass through guides fixed to the sword A' of the batten, bolt m being
connected to the lever M by the oscillating lever m³ and rod m³, and
bolt n to lever M' by rod n'. When either of the levers M, M', are
brought forward by the picker taking a thread in due course, as before
described, the corresponding bolt m or n will be projected from the side
of sword A', and on the backward movement of the batten will come in
contact with and oscillate the pendant rod P2, thereby causing the
pawl P to rotate the ratchet wheel P (and consequently the cloth
beam O) one tooth. Should, however, either of the levers M, M',
remain in its backward position by the corresponding picker failing to
take a hair in turn the bolts will remain withdrawn, and the lever 1,
and consequently the ratchet wheel P and cloth beam O, will remain
unoperated until a hair is taken.
Figure 15 is a plan view of lever detached showing the manner in
which the plate (through which the picker passes) is pivoted in a
spring frame so as to enable it to yield laterally to the picker c should
the latter not pass exactly through the centre of the aperture, the
plate being pivoted loosely for the purpose of allowing it to maintain
its horizontal position when the lever is depressed by the picker c
jamming in said plate.
The apparatus herein-before described may be employed for weaving
with weft threads long enough to form a shoot entirely across the warp,
in which case the supplementary warps b, b', 62, 63, shown in Figure 3,
would be dispensed with, as also the spring clips shown in Figures 11, 12,
and 13, the warp threads being arranged and operated in the usual
manner. The latter clips are replaced by a lever o mounted horizontally
on a fulcrum above the shuttle box, as shown in blue lines, Figure 9.
The ends o¹, o, of this lever are bent downwards through apertures in
the top of the shuttle box, and one of them o' is provided with a friction
roller. On the shuttle D' entering its box it raises the end o', forcibly
depressing the other end of, which clips the thread brought through by
the shuttle and prevents it springing back, the thread being retained
thereby until it is knocked up by the forward motion of the reed.
Figures 16 and 17 show a modification of the foregoing arrangement
for retaining the thread when supplied by the picker to the shuttle. In
this case the clips f' are not carried on the bolt f, but are recessed in the
raceway (as shown more clearly in Figure 17, which is a part sectional

page_text: elevation and plan detached) where they are stationary.
The picker
carrier C and consequently the picker are moved together with
cylinder E' containing the weft threads and lever near the edge of the
warp, as shown, and these clips f' are operated by the vertical motion of
slide J in the following manner:-P is a rocking lever pivoted at the
lower part of the cross bar A and rising through a spring slide 2' placed
beneath the clips f', between the fingers of which a wedge-shaped
piece p² on said slide p' rises. To the axis of rocking lever p a bent
arm q is rigidly connected, the end of which is jointed to slide J by
means of rod q'. Thus on vertical motion being imparted to slide J for
operating the picker c", as before described, lever arm q will be raised and
lowered therewith, thereby oscillating arup and advancing slide p' and
wedge p² to open the clips /' at the proper moment to receive the hair
or thread supplied by the picker c. On the latter rising from between
the clips f' the wedge 2 will be withdrawn by the slide p' to allow the
fingers to close on the hair or thread. When employing the modified
arrangement of the apparatus last described the shuttle would be
provided with but one slot e extending throughout its length to within a
short distance of the ends of the shuttle, as seen full size in side view
and plan Figure 18, friction rollers being provided at either end of the
slots as before mentioned to facilitate the passage of the weft threads
from the slot, said threads being in this case supplied to clips /' through
the forward end of the shuttle and traversing groove e before they are
caught by the rear end of the latter.
Figures 19, 20, 21, and 22 illustrate the third part of our Invention
relating to an improved arrangement of shuttle to be used (in lieu of the
shuttle described in reference to Figures 9 and 10) when the weft threads
are long enough to reach entirely across the warp. In this case but one
row of warp threads are required, arranged as usual, and the arrangement
of apparatus shown in Figures 9 and 10 (modified as herein-after
mentioned) would be employed to supply and operate the shuttle.
Figure 19 is a plan of the shuttle with the top plate removed, the latter
being shown separately. Two pairs of spring clips are placed within the
shuttle, which is hollowed out for their reception. The ends of the
fingers of these clips are placed at the ends of the shuttle, which are
open on the upper surface, the top plate being shaped at the ends as
shown. Each pair of fingers is jointed to a pin s, the ends of which
are prolonged and are capable of being moved in guides s¹ formed on the

page_text: top and bottom plates of the shuttle. Between the fingers of each clip
is a sliding rod t also connected to pin s and moving in a fixed stop t'
also placed between the fingers r, which are curved to embrace it as shown.
Upon this rod t is placed a spiral spring which tends to withdraw the
clip within the shuttle. When the shuttle is boxed the fingers r are
caused to protrude at either end of the shuttle by means of a wedge-
shaped slide R working through the side of either shuttle box D, as
shown in Figure 20, which is a part plan of the latter. On the forward
motion of the batten this wedge R comes in contact with a fixed stop on
the framework of the loom, which projects it into the shuttle box and
through slots in the sides of the shuttle. The wedge R passes between
the rear ends of clips which it drives outwards towards the ends of the
shuttle, the clips being at same time opened, as shown in red lines, by the
inner inclined surfaces of the fingers 7 coming in contact with the fixed
stop t'; the clips are thus opened simultaneously on the boxing of the
shuttle, the one clip for the purpose of receiving a weft thread supplied
thereto by the picker (clips f', Figure 9, being dispensed with as well as
lever o), the other to release that which it has just brought through the
warp. On the backward motion of the batten wedge R is withdrawn
from the shuttle by a spring or otherwise, thereby allowing the clips to
be withdrawn within the shuttle by their spiral springs before mentioned,
the fingers being at same time closed by the springs 7' acting thereon.
.Instead of a wedge R being mounted on each shuttle box D, as above
described, a similar wedge may be carried in the shuttle itself for
operating the clips, as shown in Figure 21. This wedge R projects
slightly from the shuttle and is provided with a projecting part u on the
under side, which works in transverse guides in the shuttle and serves to
retain the wedge therein. On the shuttle entering one of its boxes a
friction roller on the projecting end of this wedge comes in contact with
an inclined plane S, Figure 22, placed horizontally at the inside of each
shuttle box, which forces the wedge R into the shuttle for the purpose
of operating the clips as in the previous case. The inclined plane S is
jointed to the bolt which drives the shuttle, as before described, and is
provided with an inclined slot working on a fixed stud o¹, by which on
the forward motion of the bolt to throw the shuttle the inclined plane S
is withdrawn within the side of the shuttle box out of the way of the
shuttle, as shown.
-

page_text: performing the same, we declare that what we claim as our Invention
to be protected by the herein-before in part recited Letters Patent is,―
1st. The improved mode of weaving horschair and other short or non-
continuous fibres or threads herein-before described and illustrated in
Figures 1 to 8 of the Drawings annexed.
2ndly. We claim the improved apparatus for weaving horsehair and
other short or non-continuous fibres or threads, the whole combined and
arranged substantially as described and illustrated in Figures 9 to 15 of
the Drawings.
3rdly. We claim the modified arrangement of the apparatus herein-
before described and shown in Figures 16 and 17 of the Drawings.
4thly. We claim the improved shuttle shown in Figure 14 together
with the modification of the same shown in Figure 18 of the annexed
Drawings.
5thly. We claim the improved of shuttle together with the modification
of the same arranged and operated in the manner described and
illustrated with reference to Figures 19, 20, 21, and 22 of the Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Frederick Maygrove, for
myself and on behalf of the said John Handsley Dales, have
hereunto set my hand and seal, this Ninth day of October,
in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-
nine.
Witness,
A. M CLARK,
Patent Agent,
53, Chancery Lane,
London.
J. F. MAYGROVE. (L.S.)