IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE AND APPLICATION OF DEVICES AND REPRESENTATIONS TO TOMBSTONES AND IN OTHER PUBLIC OR EXPOSED SITUATIONS FORB VARIOUS PURPOSES
Year: 1865

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Alfred Grainger, of Hall Place, Kennington, Estate
Agent, and Charles Mitchel Girdler, of Saville Row, Walworth Road,
Civil Engineer, both in the County of Surrey, for the Invention of
Sealed the 20th October 1865, and dated the 22nd April 1865.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Alfred Grainger and
Charles Mitchel Girdler at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 22nd April 1865.
We, ALFRED GRAINGER, of Hall Place, Kennington, Estate Agent, and
CHARLES MITCHEL GIRDLER, of Saville Row, Walworth Road, Civil Engineer,
both in the County of Surrey, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE AND APPLICATION OF DEVICES AND
REPRESENTATIONS TO TOMBSTONES AND IN OTHER PUBLIC OR EXPOSED SITUATIONS FORB
VARIOUS PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
Our improvements consist in the preparation of portraits or likenesses of
any person, or thing, or device of any kind, in an earthenware material suitably
glazed and burnt in, and the adaptation and application of such manufacture

page_text: to tombstones and for other purposes where they may be exposed to the action
of the weather, or otherwise subject to deteriorating influence. These like-
nesses or designs may also be produced in enamel or vitreous substance on
metal or otherwise, the object being to produce the representation in a hard
enduring substance unaffected by the atmosphere or changes of temperature.
We apply these likenesses to tombs which may be the likeness of the person
whose body is buried. In like manner representations of goods emble-
matical of or showing the goods of certain trades may be applied for
advertising purposes in exposed situations. For tombs and for placards
we prefer to make these euamelled or glazed surfaces in plates solely of
earthen or ceramic materials or on metal plates forming panels of such
plates in the tombstone or other surface to which they are to be applied.
For tombstones a thick solid substance bearing the portrait may be wholly
or partly recessed into the stone and cemented permanently therein, inscrip-
tions may also be similarly manufactured and applied. This manufacture
of likenesses or devices may be applied to tablets, and also for escutcheons
which being in exposed situations are subject to deterioration from the
weather.
In preparing these likenesses or devices we either take a photograph
on the ceramic or other ware direct at a suitable stage of the manufacture,
which photograph is afterwards rendered permanent by glazing and burning
in the usual way of surfacing and completing pottery ware; or it may also be
applied by transfer from a paint or painting, or be painted directly on the
earthenware and afterwards glazing and burning in the usual manner of
treating pottery or carthenware.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed,
by the said Alfred Grainger and Charles Mitchel Girdler in the Great
Seal Patent Office on the 21st October 1865.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, ALFRED
GRAINGER, of Hall Place, Kennington, Estate Agent, and CHARLES MITCHEL S
GIRDLER, of Saville Row, Walworth Road, Civil Engineer, both in the County
of Surrey, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-second day of April, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-five, in the twenty-eighth year of g
Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto

page_text: us, the said Alfred Grainger and Charles Mitchel Girdler, Her special licence
that we, the said Alfred Grainger and Charles Mitchel Girdler, our executors,
administrators, and assigns, or such others as we, the said Alfred Grainger
and Charles Mitchel Girdler, our executors, administrators, and assigns, should
at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times
thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make,
use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE AND APPLICATION OF DEVICES AND REPRESENTATIONS TO
TOMBSTONES AND IN OTHER PUBLIC OR EXPOSED SITUATIONS FOR VARIOUS PURPOSES,"
upon the condition (amongst others) that we, the said Alfred Grainger and
Charles Mitchel Girdler, our executors or administrators, by an instrument
in writing under our, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should
particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and
in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed
in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and imme-
diately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said Alfred Grainger and Charles Mitchel
Girdler, do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention, and in wha
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascer-
tained in and by the following statement (that is to say) :-
Our improvements consist in the preparation of portraits or likenesses
of any person, or thing, or device of any kind, in an earthenware material,
suitably glazed and burnt in, as well understood in the manufacture of pottery,
and the adaptation and application of such manufactures to tombstones, or
for other purposes where they may be exposed to the action of the weather
or otherwise subject to deteriorating influences. These likenesses or designs
may also be produced in enamel or vitreous substance on metal or otherwise,
the object being to produce the representation in a hard enduring substance
unaffected by the atmosphere or changes of temperature, and therefore may be
said to be almost everlasting. We apply these likenesses to tombs, it may be the
likeness of the person whose body is there interred. In like manner represen-
tations of goods emblematical of or showing the goods of certain trades may be
represented for advertising purposes in exposed situations. For tombs and for
placards we prefer to make these enamelled or glazed surfaces in plates solely
of earthen or ceramic material, which plates or plaques we insert as panels in
the tombstones or other surface to which they are to be applied. For tomb-
stones a thick solid substance bearing the portrait may be wholly or partly
recessed into the stone and cemonted permanently therein; inscriptions may

page_text: also be similarly manufactured and applied. A similar manufacture of
likenesses or devices may be applied to tablets, and also for escutcheons,
which being in exposed situations are subject to deterioration from the
weather.
In preparing these likenesses or devices we either take a photograph on the
ceramic ware at a suitable stage of the manufacture, which photograph is
afterwards rendered permanent by glazing and burning in the usual way of
surfacing and completing pottery ware; or it may also be applied by transfer
from a print or painting, to be painted directly on the earthenware and
afterwards glazed and burnt in the usual manner of treating pottery or
earthenware.
In preparing photographic likenesses as applicable for tombstones and
other open-air or exposed situations we mould the plate or substance on
which the photo is to be taken of porcelain or china clay prepared in the
ordinary manner of manufacturing porcelain ware; this plate is then dried
thoroughly, and when hard is dipped into the glazing solution, with which
it is usual to glaze porcelain; this glaze is allowed to dry when the plate
is burnt in a muffle or kiln in the ordinary manner of treating porcelain ware.
After baking wo proceed to take the photograph on the plate, this we do
in the ordinary manner of taking photographic portraits, the plate is again
burnt in the kiln or muffle to fix and render the likeness permanent when
it will be fit for application to the grave stone or tomb, or otherwise as may be
desired.
In addition to the likeness produced by the sun, the effect may be heightened
by coloring or painting by the application of metallic colours in the ordinary
manner of painting or ornamenting porcelain ware, and as well understood.
Instead of taking the photo from the negative at once on to the porcelain
it may be copied and printed or otherwise applied on a suitable tissue, and
from thence applied to the porcelain, and burnt in the ordinary manner
of applying ornaments and representations to porcelain ware.
In applying these representations to tombstones we prefer to recess the plaque
or plate bearing them into the stone or other substance of the tomb, and by
preference a little below the general surface in which it is inlaid, the plate
bearing the representation so recessed should be secured by cement or
otherwise, so as to render it a permanent part of the tomb. In like
manner representations of any article, or devices, may be similarly transferred
to a plate or piece of porcelain and applied on walls or otherwise to be exposed
as an advertisement, or for other purpose.
Instead of producing the photograph or likeness on a plate or piece of

page_text: porcelain, we sometimes apply it to an enamelled surface of metal. To effect
this we proceed in the ordinary manner to apply white enamel to the sheet
of metal, and after dipping or glazing and baking it, proceed to apply the like-
ness by photography or otherwise, as herein-before explained, which is fixed
and burnt in and completed in the ordinary manner of manufacturing watch
dials and other surfaces of enamel on metal.
Having described the nature of our Invention, and the manner of performing
the same, we declare that what we claim as our Invention to be protected by
the herein-before in part recited Letters Patent is,―
First, the application of portraits or designs to tombstones, and other monu-
mental purposes, produced in the manner herein-before described.
Secondly, the preparation of likenesses or representations on porcelain or
enamel in the manner, and the application thereof, as herein-before described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Alfred Grainger, for myself and on
behalf of tho said Charles Mitchel Girdler, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Twenty-first day of October, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-five.
Witness,
0
W. CLARK,
Patent Agent,
53, Chancery Lane,
London.
ALFRED GRAINGER. (L.S.)