Improvements in and connected with Pneumatic Tyres for Wheels.
Year: 1896

page_text: This Print is in accordance with the Original Specification as it stands after
Amendment (under Section 11 of the Patents, &c. Act, 1883) as required by
the decision of the Law Officer of the 18th day of July 1898.
Date of Application, 4th Nov., 1896
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and connected with Pneumatic Tyres for Wheels.
I, ALBERT ABRAM WADE, 6, Hough Terrace, Bramley, Leeds, Designer, do
hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
The object and nature of this invention is the construction of flexible pneumatic
tyres fitted upon rigid rims, for wheels. These tyres are air tight tubes when in
position on the rims, but are readily detached therefrom, and are then partly, or
entirely open around their inner periphery, and are when open, practically flexible
cylindrical rings.
Thus what is the inner surface of the tube when mounted in position, is readily
got at for repairs or other purposes.
This object has, to the best of my knowledge, not been attained so cheaply,
easily & effectively as by this invention.
The manner & means by which I attain this object are as follows:
The usual troughed rigid rim is used with incurved edges; or serrations; or
other forms of rim in which wire or other rings are used to hold the tyre edges
within the rim.
I will first describe the tyre as mounted upon the former kind of rim; and how
an air-tight joint is made by the transverse thrust within the rim of a flexible
circular toggle-joint, extending partly or all the way round the wheel rim.
A cylindrical ring, or preferably one of U section is moulded or otherwise
made of flexible material, preferably india-rubber & canvas or other form of
fibrous material, the latter inside the ring and, well permeated by & adhering to
the rubber; similarly to the ordinary pneumatic tyre jackets or coverings.
Near the edges outside, beadings or projections are formed by rolling the canvas,
for purposes hereinafter described, and to engage within the incurved rim edges.
One of these rolls being preferably wider than the other, and both as thick, or
thicker, at the edges as at the beadings.
For this form of my invention, the floor or bottom of the rim should be straight
transversely, or but slightly concave or convex.
A but little extensible flat ring of about the same width and thicknes as the
wider beaded edge, is made of similar material.
Its outer edge is jointed to the edge of the wider beading all round, by an elastic,
impermeable, thin sheet of rubber which extends all over the inner surface of the
tyre, across the joint between the wider beading & the flat ring, to, & covering
the inner edge face of the flat ring, and the edge face of the opposite beading.
These rubber covered edge faces which make the air-tight joint, have smooth
surfaces, and may have a plane; right angled; bevelled; concave & convex; or
V shaped ioint.

page_text: The edges may have upward extending opposite lips with smooth opposing
surfaces.
The inner rubber coating which need not be smooth except on the edge faces
may be cemented firmly all over; or merely along the inner surface of the
beadings, the flat ring & the edge faces.
In mounting the tyre upon the rim the narrow beading is placed all round
inside one edge, where it may be removably or permanently held.
The other edge of the tyre, composed of the beading jointed with the flat ring,
& making a flexible, circular, transverse acting toggle-joint, has its edge face
placed within the rim opposite to that of the other beading.
The whole being a little wider than the hollow of the rim, the toggle-joint is
pushed across against the opposite edge face until it bends upward, when the
beading can be dropped within the rim.
This is done a little at once until the toggle-joint is all within the rim, making
a continuous ridge around it.
The stretched rubber of this ridge tending to straighten the toggle-joint, makes
an air tight joint between the edge faces by the transverse thrust.
When the tyre is inflated, the toggle-joint is gradually pressed to the floor of
the rim, thus exerting a greatly increased thrust or pressure between the rim edges,
& making a most intimate contact of the edge faces.
The canvas or other material principally composing the beadings and flat ring,
being but little extensible or compressible, concentrates most of the thrust or
squeeze into the rubber of the edge faces.
Thus also the costly good quality rubber is economised.
The edges of the tyre should fit gently tight to the rim all round to ensure the
edge faces fairly meeting.
Or, instead of forming the beadings separately, a tubular ring is made, with a
flat roll on its inner periphery, which may be wide enough to form, when cut, the
two beaded edges: or wider, so that being cut near one beading, the narrower
beaded edge is made; and the wide remainder being either partly or wholly cut
through will make the toggle-joint.
The inner surface rubber, spreading over edge faces & all between, as before
described. The edge faces being smooth & moulded to fit cach other.
A rim may be used having incurving hooks or serrations, which engage in
corresponding recesses in place of the beadings. Buttresses being formed between
the recesses which strengthen the tyre at the line of juncture with the rim and
entirely preventing tyre creeping round the rim.
Wires or other cinctures may be used to secure the edges upon other forms of
rim.
Or any two of these methods may be used to secure the same tyre within the
rim.
Rims of deep trough section may be used by partly filling with some suitable
.material for the tyre base to rest upon.
Or, a strip of metal, preferably transversely corrugated & perforated, or either, is
secured round the rim, making a platform for the tyre base.
Holes opposite the spoke heads may be provided.
The valves for inflating may be of any suitable kind, and pass through the
flexible toggle-joint & the rim.
A short length of complete tube may be used round the valve; as a few inches of
tube can he reached within for repairs. In some forms of my invention this
short length of tube is advantageous.
My invention includes other forms of tyres in which the air-tight joint is first
obtained by the transverse elasticity of a kind of toggle-joint, though the air-tight
joint may be obtained at or near the angle of the same; and which toggle-joint
upon inflation of the tyre exerts a greatly increased thrust or compression at the
air tight joint & between the rim edges.
A thick strip of rubber extending around the rim, can be similarly used, to

page_text: exert a transverse thrust within the rim; replacing the flexible toggle-joint as
made by the other methods herein before described.
D 2nd law of November 1896
Improvements in and connected with Pneumatic Tyres for wheels.
I, ALBERT ABRAM WADE. Designer, Harewood Mills, Harewood, near Leeds,
Yorks, late of 6, Hough Terrace, Bramley, Leeds, Yorks, do hereby declare
the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to
be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
The object of this invention is the construction of flexible pneumatic tyres for
wheels, which are airtight when mounted in position upon rigid wheel rims, but
which are readily detached therefrom and are then entirely or partly open around
their inner periphery and are when open, practically, flexible, cylindrical rings;
thus what is the inner surface of the tube when mounted in position is readily got
at for repairs or other purposes.
According to my invention I make the air-tight joint around the inner periphery
by a circular transversely acting toggle joint, within a hollow rigid rim with
incurved edges, or but one incurved edge, or with incurved hooked serrations.
A cylindrical ring, or of U section is moulded or otherwise made of flexible
material, preferably india-rubber and canvas or other form of fibrous material, the
latter inside the ring & well permeated by & adhering to the rubber, similarly to
the ordinary tyre jackets or covers.
Near the edges, outside, beadings or projections are formed by rolling the
canvas to engage within the in curved rim edges, one of the rolls being preferably
wider than the other, & both, as thick or thicker at the edge as at the heading.
The floor or bottoin of the rim should be straight transversely or but slightly
concave or convex.
A but little extensible flat ring of about the same width & thickness as the
wider beaded edge is.made of similar material.
Its outer edge is jointed to the edge of of the wider beading all round by fabric
& an elastic, impermeable, thin sheet of rubber, which extends all over the inner
surface of the tyre, across the joint or hinge between the wider beading & the
flat ring, round the edge faces of the flat ring & the opposite beading.
These rubber covered edge faces which make the air tight joint have smooth
surfaces, & may make a plane; right-angled; bevelled; concave & convex; or
V shaped joint.
The edges may have upward extending opposing lips with smooth surfaces.
The inner rubber coating which need not be smooth except on the edge faces
may be cemented firmly all over, or merely along the inner surface of the beadings,
the flat ring & the edge faces.
In mounting the tyre upon the rim, the narrow beading is placed all round
inside one edge, where it may be removably or permanently held.
The other edge of the tyre, composed of the beading jointed with the ring, and
making a flexible, circular, transversly acting toggle-joint; has its edge face
placed within the rim, opposite to that of the other beading.
The whole being a little wider than the hollow of the rim, the toggle joint is
pushed across against the opposite edge face until it bends upward when the
When inside the rim
beading can be dropped within the rim, a little at once.

page_text: the toggle-joint is bent upward into a ridge around the rim with its edge face
making an air-tight joint with the opposing one.
When the tyre is inflated, the toggle-joint is pressed to the floor of the rim; thus
exerting a greatly increased thrust or pressure between the rim edges & making
a most intimate contact at the edge faces.
The canvas or other material principally composing the beadings & flat ring
being but little extensible or compressible concentrates most of the thrust into the
rubber of the edge faces.
Thus also the costly good quality rubber is economised.
The edges of the tyre should fit gently tight to the rim all round to ensure the
edge faces fairly meeting.
Or, instead of forming the beadings, separately a tubular ring is made with a
flat roll on its inner periphery which may be wide enough to form, when cut,
the two beaded edges. Or, wider so that being cut near one beading, the narrower
beaded edge is made, & the wide remainder being either partly or wholly cut
through will make the toggle joint. The inner rubber surface spreading over
edge faces & all between as before described.
A rim may be used having incurving hooks or serrations, which engage in
corresponding recesses in place of the beadings.
Buttresses being formed between the recesses which strengthen the tyre at the
line of junction with the rim & entirely preventing tyre creeping round the rim.
Wires or other cinctures may be used to secure one or both edges upon other
forms of rim.
Or, any two different suitable methods may be used to secure the edges of one
tyre within the rim, Fig. 5.
Rims of deep trough section may be used by partly filling with some suitable
material, Fig. 12.
Or a strip of metal for the tyre to rest upon, preferably transversely corrugated
& perforated, or either, is secured round the rim. Holes opposite the spoke heads
may be provided, Fig. 11.
The valves for inflating through may be of any suitable kind & pass through the
flexible toggle-joint & the rim.
A short length of complete tube inay be used round the valve, as a few inches
of tube can be reached within for repairs.
My invention includes other forms of tyres in which the air tight joint is first
obtained by the transverse elasticity of a kind of toggle-joint, though the air tight
joint may be obtained at or near the angle of the same; and which toggle joint
upon inflation of the tyre exerts a greatly increased thrust or compression at the
air joint & between the rim edges.
A thick strip of rubber extending around the rim, can be similiarly used to
exert a transverse thrust within the rim, replacing the flexible toggle-joint as
made by the hereindescribed or similar methods.
Fig. 1 shows a transverse section of a tyre in position upon the rim, the ridge of
the toggle-joint not pressed down by inflation. A is the outer wearing surface or
tread. B the fabric furnishing the tensile strength to withstand air-pressure &
tractive force. C the impermeable rubber lining extending round the edge faces
at the air-joint D. D, F shows the toggle-joint. H & G the rim incurved edges.
It is preferable to have G to curve in more than H, in order that the edge F may
drop in & lift out more easily, and H may be quite upright or lean a little out-
ward, the air pressure holding the side firmly within the rim as shown in
Fig. 5.
Fig. 2 is a section of the tyre off the rim with a V shaped air-joint open.
Fig. 3 is a similar section, as taking off or putting on to a hollow steel rim.
Fig. 4 is a section showing the tyre inflated, the toggle-joint pressed down, also a
section of valve tube reaching through rim & toggle-joint. The valve hole in
the rim should allow a little play transversely for the valve tube, for convenience
in placing upon the rim.

page_text: Fig. 5 is a section showing the edge N secured by wire or other suitable cincture
or ring. Any suitable method may be used in mounting or placing within the rim
& drawing tight if desired, as threaded wire ends & sleeve, with night & left screw
threads.
Fig. 6 shows a section of tyre for using with the rim with incurved serration
Fig. 13. M being a section through the buttress & O a section through a recess
for the serration to engage in. Figs. 7 8 and 9 show the upward extending opposing
lips; and the air-joint at the angle of toggle-joint. Fig. 7 being fully inflated.
Fig. 8 off the rim. Fig. 9 upon the rim but not depressed by air-pressure, when
the lips R which may be thicker & stiffer than shown, would exert an increased
opposing pressure, which is my object in this arrangement.
Fig. 10 shows section of a recessed edged tyre, to use upon serrated edged
rim (Fig. 13) with air-joint at angle of toggle joint as Figs. 7 8 and 9.
Fig. 14 shows an extended section in perspective, partially inflated, the toggle-
joint being ridged around the wheel rim.
The toggle-joint part may be principally composed of rubber of a suitable degree
of hardness, so that while pliable most of the compression is in the softer rubber
of the edge faces.
Any suitable substance such as soft soap, glycerine, soap & water or any suitable
compound is used to smear upon the edge faces as a lubricant & seal.
Substances used for this purpose must be non solvent of rubber.
The outer rubber, fabric, beading & toggle-joint may be moulded or otherwiso
made together & the lining added.
I am aware that pneumatic tyres which can be opened, & in which the elasticity
of rubber makes the initial air-joint & whose air-joints are compressed in direct
proportion to the air-pressure within the tube upon inflation, have been made.
But to the best of my knowledge the hereindescribed invention is the first which
uses transverse pressure. The initial air-joint being obtained by the transverse
spring of the toggle-joint of the base of the tyre. Then upon inflation, the air-
pressure upon the ridged toggle-joint foot or base is delivered transversely in a
concentrated or increased thrust until the toggle-joint is pressed flat to the bottom
of the rim, after which no added air pressure affects the air-joint, except in such
instances as Fig. 7 where upward extended lips are used, but which lips I do not
claim as new except as in combination with the pressure increasing device of the
toggle-joint of the base.
The inflation is accomplished in the usual, way by a small air pump, coupled to
any suitable valve affixed to the tyre.
The air under the bend of the toggle-joint before inflation can escape through
the valve hole in the rim during inflation.
The side opposite to the toggle-joint may be cemented within one side of the
rim.
Having now particularly described & ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I wish it to be under-
stood that I am aware of Letters Patent No. 1760 of 1895 granted to J. W. Boyce,
and of Letters Patent No. 8938 of 1896 granted to J. T. Trench, and that I claim
nothing described and claimed in the specifications of such Letters Patents, and, I
declare that what I claim is;-
1. In a pneumatic tyre the combination of a rigid wheel rim with upturned
edges, preferably one hooking well inwards & the other but little, or upright
a tubular flexible ring surrounding the rim having a division in the thickened
base around its inner circumference nearer to one side, for the incurved rim edge,
and external solid beadings to abut against the upturned rim edges-a circular
transversely acting toggle-joint as described and illustrated, exerting a transverse
pressure within the upturned rim edges by its flexure and elasticity & by the air-
pressure upon it and across its line of thrust, concentrated or increased at the
division-and a suitable affixed valve, necessary for inflation & deflation.

page_text: 2. In a pneumatic tyre the combination of a rigid wheel rim with upturned
edges, preferably one hooked well inward & the other but little, or upright-a
tubular flexible ring surrounding the rim having a division in the thickened base
around its inner circumference, near to one side for the inturned rim edge, the
narrow side held within the rim by a wire or other band,-the beading of wider
side abutting against the other rim edge-a circular transversely acting toggle-
joint exerting a transverse pressure as described-and a suitable affixed valve,
necessary for inflation & deflation.
a
3. In a pneumatic tyre the combination of a rigid wheel rim with upturned
edges, preferably one hooked well inward, the other but little, or upright
tubular flexible ring surrounding the rim, having a division in the thickened base
around its inner circumference, nearer one side for the inturned rim edge &
cemented therein, and external solid beadings to abut against the upturned rim
edges a circular transversely acting toggle-joint exerting a transverse pressure
as described-and a suitable affixed valve, necessary for inflation & deflation.
4. In a pneumatic tyre the combination of a rigid wheel rim with upturned
incurving serrations a tubular flexible ring surrounding the rim having a division
in the thickened base around its inner circumference nearer to one side, and
external recesses for the serrations to engage in a circular transversely acting
toggle joint exerting a transverse pressure as described-and a suitable affixed
valve, necessary for inflation & deflation.
5. In a pneumatic tyre, the combination of a rigid wheel rim with upturned
edges, a tubular flexible ring surrounding the rim having a radial division in the
thickened base surrounding its inner circumference the upper edges produced into
opposing lips, external solid beadings to abut against the rim edges, and affixed
valve necessary for inflation and deflation, with a space between the thickened
base and the bottom of the rim so that upon inflation the base and lips press down
acting as a toggle-joint with increasing transverse pressure, substantially as
described.
6. In a pneumatic tyre, the combination of a rigid wheel rim with upturned
incurved serrations, a tubular flexible ring surrounding the rim having a radial
division in the thickened base surrounding its inner circumference the upper edges
produced into opposing lips, external solid beadings to abut against the rim edges,
and affixed valve necessary for inflation and deflation, with a space between the
thickened base and the bottom of the rim so that upon inflation the base and hips
press down acting as a toggle-joint with increasing transverse pressure, substan-
tially as described.
7. In pneumatic tyres such as are herein described, forming the flexible circular
transversely acting toggle-joint for obtaining transverse pressure between the
upturned rim edges, making an air-tight joint of the division in the thickened base,
substantially as described.
8. The construction of pneumatic tyres substantially as herein described and
illustrated, including Figs. 1 to 6 and Figs. 13 and 14.
9. The construction of pneumatic tyres as described and illustrated, including
Figs. 7, 8, 9 10 and 13.
Dated this 21st day of July 1907