Improvements in Glass Globes or Shades and Holders for Incandescent Electric Lamps.
Year: 1886

page_text: Date of Application, 29th July, 1886.
Complete Left, 26th Apr., 1887.
Complete Accepted, 17th June, 1887.
Improvements in Glass Globes or Shades and Holders for
Incandescent Electric Lamps.
I HENRY LEA of the firm of Henry Lea and Thornbery of No. 38 Bennetts Hill
Birmingham in the County of Warwick Consulting Mechanical Engineers do hereby
declare the nature of this Invention to be as follows:-
My invention has for its principal object so to modify the distribution of the light
emitted by incandescent electric lamps that it shall not distress the eyes of persons
on whom it falls that it shall more uniformly illuminate the apartment or place in
which it is situated than an ordinary incandescent electric lamp and that it shall give
to the said lamp an ornamental appearance. My said invention consists principally of
globes or shades of the kinds hereinafter described.
My invention further consists of the methods hereinafter described of attaching
the said globes or shades to the holders of incandescent electric lamps. In making
a globe or shade for incandescent electric lamps according to my invention I manu-
facture in the ordinary way a spherical or ellipsoidal globe or shade I do not limit
myself to any particular figure of the globe but prefer an egg shape or pear shape and
I will describe my invention in connection with a globe of an egg shape.
In the large end of the globe an opening is made of sufficient size to admit easily
the incandescent lamp the smaller end of the globe is closed. The upper part of the
globe is of clear or transparent glass. Immediately below the part of largest diameter
is an ornamental zone or belt hereinafter more particularly referred to and below the
said zone or belt the globe is roughened or deadened the said roughening extending
nearly but not quite to the smaller end of the globe the said end being left clear or
undeadened.
The globe when attached to the lamp holder has its larger open end upwards and
I will refer to the said end as the top and to the other end as the bottom end.
The ornamental zone or belt herein before referred to separates the upper clear
portion of the globe from the lower rough or deadened portion and consists preferably of
a series of diamond or lozenge shaped diaper work formed on the outer surface of the
globe by the ordinary process of glass cutting.

page_text: When a globe made according to my invention is in use the incandescent filament
of the electric lamp is not visible by persons situated at a level lower than that at
which the lamp is situated. The ground or deadened surface of the globo is inter-
posed between the persons referred to and the said filament and the ground or
deadened portion of the globe is strongly illuminated by a soft diffused light. The
portion of the light radiated upwards passes out at the clear top of the globe and
strongly illuminates the ceiling or other horizontal surface above the lamp and is
radiated from the said surface downwards. The light from the filament passes un-
obstructed downwards through the clear bottom end of the globe. The filament
cannot be seen excepting by persons situated immediately under the lamp looking
upwards in a vertical or nearly vertical direction. That portion of the light of the
filament which falls on the ornamental zone is irregularly refracted and reflected in
various directions and the chromatic dispersion accompanying the refraction of the
light gives rise to an agreeable play of prismatic colours at that part of the globe.
I attach the globe to the holder of the lamp in the following ways.
I make the covering disc which closes the top of the globe when the said globe is
affixed to the lamp holder preferably of colourless glass. On the underside of the
glass cover are three or other number of projections and a small metallic plate having
arms nearly the counterparts in outline of the spaces between the projections on the
underside of the glass cover is grasped and firmly held between a collar on the lamp
holder and a screw nut above the glass cover. The projections on the underside of
the glass cover prevent the metallic plate turning independently of the cover. The
opening in the top of the globe does not form a continuous circle but has a series or
recesses or lateral openings in it equal in number and position to the arms of the
metallic plate. The opening in the top of the globe is surmounted by a vertical rim
having the same configuration as the said opening. When the globe is raised to the
cover in such a position that the projecting ends of the metallic arms take into the
recesses in the opening at the top of the globe and the globe is turned through a small
angle it becomes fixed to the cover of the edge of the opening engaging between the
cover and the ends of the metallic arms. By a contrary motion of the globe it may
be detached from the lamp. One or more stops limit the angle through which the
globe can be turned. Or I attach a metallic rim to the said covering disc and in
the rim of the said disc I form a series of three or other number of equidistant
notches. To the globe I affix a brass rim having a series of projecting pieces similar
in number and position to the series of notches described. The attachment of the
globe to the lamp is effected by passing the projections into the notches and turning
the globe through a small angle. By a contrary motion of the globe it may be
detached from the lamp.
Instead of attaching a metallic rim to the globe the opening at the top of the
globe may have a projecting flange from which portions are ground away so as to
form a series of projections. The globe and disc cover are connected in the manner
already described.
When it is preferred to employ a shade over the lamp instead of a globe or shade
enclosing it a circular opening is made in the top of the shade and by means of the
said opening the attachment of the shade to the lamp is effected in either of the ways
herein before described with respect to a globe or shade.
The complete arrangement of parts thus consists of an ordinary incandescent lamp
holder suspended by its conducting leads from the ceiling or affixed to a suitable
ornamental pendent or bracket the glass cover secured to the lamp holder as aforesaid
and the globe or shade attached to the glass cover by either of the methods set forth.
To the lamp holder is also attached the incandescent lamp the latter occupying as
nearly as possible a central position within the globe.
Dated this Twenty ninth day of July 1886
W. T. WHITEMAN,
Agent for the Applicant.

page_text: Incandescent Electric Lamps.
I HENRY LEA of the firm of Henry Lea and Thornbery of No. 38 Bennetts Hill
Birmingham in the County of Warwick, Consulting Mechanical Engineers do hereby
declare the nature of my invention and in what manner the same is to be
performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:
My invention has for its principal object so to modify the distribution of the light
emitted by incandescent electric lamps that it shall not distress the eyes of persons on
whom it falls, that it shall more uniformly illuminate the apartment or place in which
it is situated than an ordinary incandescent electric lamp and that it shall give to the
said lamp an ornamental appearance. My said invention consists principally of globes
or shades of the kinds hereinafter described.
My invention further consists of the methods hereinafter described of attaching the
said globes or shades to the holders of incandescent electric lamps.
In making a globe or shade for incandescent electric lamps according to my
invention I manufacture in the ordinary way a spherical or ellipsoidal globe or shade.
I do not limit myself to any particular figure of the globe but prefer an egg shape
or pear shape and I will describe my invention in connection with a globo of an egg
shape. In the large end of the globe, an opening is made of sufficient size to admit
casily the incandescent lamp; the smaller end of the globe is closed. The upper
part of the globe is of clear or transparent glass. At or immediately below the part
of largest diameter is an ornamental zone or belt hereinafter more particularly
referred to and below the said zone or belt the globe is roughened or deadened the said
roughening extending nearly but not quite to the smaller end of the globe the said end
being left clear or undeadened.
The globe when attached to the lamp holder has its larger open end upwards and
I will refer to the said end as the top and to the other end as the bottom end.
The ornamental zone or belt hereinbefore referred to separates the upper clear
portion of the globe from the lower rough or deadened portion and consists preferably
of a series of diamond or lozenge shaped diaper work formed on the outer surface of
the globe by the ordinary process of glass cutting.
When a globe made according to my invention is in use the incandescent filament
of the electric lamp is not visible by persons situated at a level lower than that at
which the lamp is situated. The ground or deadened surface of the globe is interposed
between the persons referred to and the said filament and the ground or deadened
portion of the globe is strongly illuminated by a soft diffused light.
The portion of the light radiated upwards passes out at the clear top of the globe
and strongly illuminates the ceiling or other horizontal surface above the lamp and is
radiated from the said surface downwards. The light from the filament passes
unobstructed downwards through the clear bottom end of the globe. The filament
cannot be seen excepting by persons situated immediately under the lamp looking
upwards in a vertical or nearly vertical direction. That portion of the light of the

page_text: filament which falls on the ornamental zone is irregularly refracted and reflected in
various directions and the chromatic dispersion accompanying the refraction of the
light gives rise to an agreeable play of prismatic colours at that part of the globe.
I attach the globe to the holder of the lamp in the following ways.
The
I make the covering disc which closes the top of the globe when the said globe is
affixed to the lamp holder preferably of colourless glass. On the underside of the
glass cover are three or other number of projections and a small metallic plate having
arms nearly the counterparts in outline of the spaces between the projections on the
underside of the glass covers is grasped and firmly held between a collar on the lamp
holder and a screw nut above the glass cover. The projections on the underside of
the glass cover prevent the metallic plate turning independently of the cover.
opening in the top of the globe does not form a continuous circle but has a series of
recesses or lateral openings in it equal in number and position to the arms of the
metallic plate. The opening in the top of the globe is surmounted by a vertical rim
having the same configuration as the said-opening. When the globe is raised to the
cover in such a position that the projecting ends of the metallic arms take into the
recesses in the opening at the top of the globe and the globe is turned through a small
angle it becomes fixed to the cover, the edge of the opening engaging between the
cover and the ends of the metallic arms. By a contrary motion of the globe it may
be detached from the lamp. One or more stops limit the angle through which the
globe can be turned. Or I attach a metallic rim to the said covering disc and in the
rin of the said disc I form a series of three or other number of equidistant notches.
To the globe I affix a brass rim having a series of projecting pieces similar in number
and position to the series of notches described. The attachment of the globe to the
lamp is effected by passing the projections into the notches and turning the globe
through a small angle. By a contrary motion of the globe it may be detached from
the lamp.
Instead of attaching a metallic rim to the globe the opening at the top of the
globe may have a projecting flange from which portions are ground away so as to
form a series of projections. The globe and disc cover are connected in the manner
already described.
When it is preferred to employ a shade over the lamp instead of a globe or shade
enclosing it a circular opening is made in the top of the shade and by means of the
said opening the attachment of the shade to the lamp is effected in either of the ways
hereinbefore described with respect to a globe or shade.
The complete arrangement of parts thus consists of an ordinary incandescent
lamp holder suspended by its conducting leads from the ceiling or affixed to a suitable
ornamental pendent or bracket, the glass cover screwed to the lamp holder as afore-
said and the globe or shade attached to the glass cover by either of the methods set
forth. To the lamp holder is also attached the incandescent lamp the latter occupying
as nearly as possible a central position within the globe.
I will now proceed to describe with reference to the accompanying Drawings the
manner in which my invention is to be performed.
Similar letters of reference indicate similar parts in the several Figures of the
Drawings.
Figure 1 is a sectional elevation of an ellipsoidal globe with disc cover constructed
according to my invention and applied to an ordinary incandescent electric lamp.
Figure 2 is a section through the upper part of the ellipsoidal globe the detached
part at the left hand side showing the section through one of the notches; Figure 3
is a plan of the ellipsoidal globe with the disc cover and clip also shown in position in
dotted lines; Figure 4 is a plan of the underside of the disc cover; Figure 5 is an
elevation of the disc cover; Figure 6 is an elevation of the fastening clip and Figure 7
is a plan of the same; Figure 8 is a vertical section of a modification and Figure 9
is a plan of the top of the globe for the same. The upper half of Figure 10 is a plan
of the cover of the said modification and the lower half of Figure 10 is a sectional
plan of the same on the line Y Z Figure 8 through the metallic rim of the cover
showing the top of the globe in position.

page_text: In Figures 12 and 3, A is an ellipsoidal or egg shaped glass globe having
preferably one end larger than the other as shown. In the most usual position the
major axis of the ellipsoid is vertical and the larger end is at the top as shown. The
upper part A of the globe is of clear transparent glass. At or immediately below
the part of largest diameter is an ornamental zone or belt A2 which separates the
upper clear portion of the globe from the lower ground frosted or roughened zone A³.
The ornamental zone or belt A² consists preferably of a diamond or lozenge shaped
pattern formed by the ordinary process of glass cutting. The ground, frosted or
roughened surface of the zone or belt A serves to keep the direct light of the
filament F¹ in the electric lamp F from the eyes of the persons situated at a lower level
than that of the lamp unless they are directly underneath the lamp and look upwards;
A is the closed lower part of the globe and this is made of clear transparent glass.
At the upper or large end of the globe (see Figure 2) is a circular aperture A³
around which is a raised lip A the top of which is ground level. In this lip are
notches A', A', A' as seen in Figure 3: A is the flat part around the lip; A' is the
inner part approximately flat and parallel with A".
In Figures 1. 3. 4 and 5, B is the circular disc cover preferably of clear and
transparent glass in the centre of which is a circular aperture B¹; B B B' are
projecting pieces of which the circumference is concentric with B and of such size
as to fit easily in the aperture A' of the globe: B³, B3, B³ are small projections or
stops on the cover which engage with those parts of the lip A which surround the
notches A (see Figure 3); B is a facing projecting slightly from the underside of
the cover and ground truly flat. The projections described are on the underside of the
cover: U is a fastening clip made of brass or other suitable material having a central
aperture and three projecting arms C2, C3, C the ends of which are cranked
downwards at C to engage with the underside A³ of the lip surrounding the aperture A°³
in the top of the globe.
D (Figure 1) is the lamp holder into which is screwed a tubular piece E which
projects upwards through the central hole in the clip Cand the glass cover B: E¹ is a
screw nut either milled or provided with other suitable means for turning it. When
the fastening clip C is secured to the cover B by means of the nut E' on the screwed
tubular piece E, the arms (³, C², C² lie in the spaces B³, B, B5 between the pro-
jections B2, B2, B33 on the underside of the disc cover B and the cranked ends C, C, Ca
are downwards as shown in Figures 1 and 6; the globe A being then applied to the
cover B with the arms (2, C², C² of the fastening clip opposite the notches A', A', A7
the ground upper surface of the lip A meets the ground facing B on the underside
of the cover B and then when the globe A is partially rotated by the hand of the
person applying it the cranked ends C, C3, C³ of the fastening clip Cengage under
the flat top of the globe at A' and the globe is secured to the cover.
The projections
B³, B3, B³ by coming against those portions of the lip which surround the notches (see
Figure 3) limit the motion of the globe. The globe is thus attached to the cover
dise. The latter is attached to the lamp holder by means of the screwed tubular
piece E and nut E¹. The flexible leads by which the lamp and globe are suspended
pass upwards through the tubular piece E in the upper end of which the bore is
3 made conical at E and the leads are seized and held firmly by a split cone E³ of
vulcanite or other suitable material fitting in E2 and set up by a screwed cap E' at
the lower end of the tube E. The whole of the parts above the cover b with the
exception of the main length of flexible lead I prefer to enclose in an ornamental
glass dome M: N (Figure 1) is a washer of cardboard or other soft material placed
O between the nut E¹ and the cover disc B.
O is a shield to hide the upper part of the lamp holder D. This shield is circular
and is shown in section in Figure 1. Instead of the globe a shade may be used in
combination with the disc cover as indicated by dotted lines at G, G Figure 1.
The aperture with raised rim and notches in the centre of the shade is made in all
respects like that of the globe previously described the cover and parts attached
thereto being identical; Figure 1 is the incandescent electric lamp with its
filament F¹.

page_text: In the modification shown in Figures 89 and 10, the globe A, or shade G as the
case may be has, a deep neck A10 with a horizontally projecting flange A" which has
flats ground or otherwise formed on it at A1, A2, A¹³, A¹². The flat cover J has no
projections on it but it is provided with a metallic rim K which is secured to it by
being flanged inwards by spinning above and below the glass cover. This rim has
projecting pieces K', K' (see lower half of Figure 10) and when the globe is properly
applied to the cover the flats A" permit the projections K' K¹ to pass them then
when the globe is partially rotated they engage under the projecting lips A" and
support it. In this modification I may use the lamp holder screwed tube nut and
cap shield cardboard washer and covering dome as described and shown in Figure 1.
I wish it to be understood that I do not confine myself in either of the arrange
ments of my invention to the number of notches and projections shown in each
particular case although I have described and shown what I have found to answer
well in practice. Neither do I confine myself to the exact configuration construction
and arrangement of parts described and represented which parts may be varied
without departing from the nature of my invention.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I claim is ;-
First The construction for use in connection with an incandescent electric lamp
of an ellipsoidal glass globe with a circular aperture and notches in combination with
a disc cover wholly or partially transparent having suitable projections and a clip for
the purposes hereinbefore described and illustrated in Figures 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6 and 7
of the accompanying Drawings.
Secondly The formation of a circular aperture having notches in a shade of glass
or other transparent or semi transparent material or in a glass globe of any other
shape than ellipsoidal so that the said shade or globe may be used in combination
with the disc cover and clip hereinbofore described and illustrated in Figures 1. 2. 3.
4. 5. 6 and 7 of the accompanying Drawings.
Thirdly The modification in which a projecting lip on the globe having flats
formed on it is used in combination with projections formed on a metallic rim affixed
to the disc cover for the purpose described and illustrated in Figures 8 9 and 10 of
the accompanying Drawings.
Fourthly The various devices referred to in the preceding claims in combination
with globes having the arrangement of belts or zones of clear ground and cut glass
as and for the purpose hereinbefore described and illustrated in Figure 1 of the
accompanying Drawings.
Fifthly The general construction, combination and arrangement of parts of globes
and attachments for incandescent electric lamps herein before described and illustrated
in the accompanying Drawings.