IMPROVEMENTS IN KNEADING MACHINES
Year: 1862

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Richard Archibald Brooman, of 166, Fleet Street, in
the City of London, Patent Agent, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS
IN KNEADING MACHINES."-A communication from abroad by Alexandre
Sezille, of Noyon, France.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Richard Archibald
Brooman at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 8th December 1862.
I, RICHARD ARCHIBALD BROOMAN, of 166, Fleet Street, in the City of
London, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention. for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN KNEADING MACHINES," (communicated to me from abroad by
Alexandre Sezille, of Noyon, France,) to be as follows:―
Hitherto a great objection to kneading machines has been the power
required to work them in consequence of the kneading agent having been
required to act upon the whole mass. By the present Invention this objection
is overcome.
The Invention consists in constructing kneading machines as hereafter
explained. I take a long trough, and fit a rack on each of the sides. I;
mount a roller or cylinder upon an axis which also carries toothed pinions.
These pinions are made to travel in the racks, and upon motion being com-
municated by winch handle or otherwise to the axis, the roller is made to

page_text: partake of two motions, one round its axis and the other along the trough.
Guard discs are fitted to the axis to prevent any dough or paste from getting
out of the trough when the roller is worked.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Richard Archibald Brooman in the Great Seal Patent Office.
on the 8th June 1863.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, RICHARD
ARCHIBALD BROOMAN, of 166, Fleet Street, in the City of London, Patent
Agent, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Eighth day of December, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-two, in the twenty-sixth year of Her.
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said Richard Archibald Brooman, Her special licence that I, the said Richard
Archibald Brooman, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others
as I, the said Richard Archibald Brooman, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and
at all times thereafter, during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully
might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
* IMPROVEMENTS IN KNEADING MACHINES," (communicated to me from abroad
by Alexandre Sezille, of Noyon, France,) upon the condition (amongst
others) that I, the said Richard Archibald Brooman, my executors or
administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or
of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature
of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed,
and cause the same to. be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
one
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Richard Archibald Brooman, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement thereof, reference being had to the Drawings hereunto annexed,
that is to say:-
Hitherto a great objection to kneading machines has been the power
required to work them in consequence of the kneading agent having been

page_text: required to act upon the whole mass. By the present Invention this objection
is overcome.
The Invention will be well understood by reference to the accompanying
Drawings.
Figure 1 is a longitudinal elevation, Figure 2 a. plan, and Figure 3 à
transverse section of a kneading machine constructed according to these
improvements..
Motion is communicated by a winch handle a or otherwise to an axis b,
carrying a pinion c in gear with a toothed wheel d on the axis f of a kneader g;
h, h, are pinions on the axis f, which gear into racks i, i, fitted on each side of
the kneading trough ;. The axis f and the axis 6 are connected by plates or
bars k sliding along grooves i formed in the sides of the trough. The ends of
the bars k carry scrapers p, p, which scrape the sides of the trough while the
machine is being worked; the plates also prevent any dough or paste from
escaping through the grooves l. The kneader may consist of a roller or
cylinder or of three or more rollers on the same shaft, or as shewn in the
Drawing, of an axle or boss carrying four arms or agitators; it partakes of two
motions one round its axis and the other along the trough; there may be two
agitator arms or more and the shape of the agitators may be varied. 6¹ is a
wooden roller on the axis 6, between which and the kneader g the dough
becomes flattened or rolled, and the formation of lumps is thereby prevented.
The space between the roller b' and the kneader g is such as to allow of the
passage of the dough without fear of cutting it or of causing it to fall back on
to the same side during the rotation. The grooves are formed by the flanges
of T-irons m, on which the guard plates n of the trough are fixed, and by
strips of flat iron fitted in the sides of the trough. The dough raised by the
kueader g rubs against the roller 6', which forms a point of resistance; the
dough receives a body and becomes tenacious. The rotation of the roller and
of the kneader in opposite directions facilitates the working of the dough.
When the flour and water are placed in the kneading trough the mixing
should commence at one end of the trough, and the kneader g should be worked
in the first instance so as to exert only a beating and mixing action upon them
by giving, say, a quarter turn of the handle to the right, and then back again;
the kneader should then be advanced and the mixing effected in like manner
all along the trough; then the kneader should be completely revolved and at
the same time made to pass to and fro along the trough to complete the
thorough kneading of the dough. The trough is by preference rounded at its
ends as shewn in the Drawings. Instead of the motion being communicated
to a separate axis 6 and transmitted to the kneader g through the pinion c and

page_text: toothed wheel d, the winch handle a may be connected directly to the axis f
of the kneader.
And having now described the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, I declare that I claim constructing
kneading machines with a kneader made to partake of two motions, one round
its axis and the other along the kneading trough, substantially in manner
herein-before described and illustrated in the accompanying Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said Richard Archibald Brooman, have here-
unto set my hand and seal, this Eighth day of June, One thousand
eight hundred and sixty-three.
R. A. BROOMAN. (L.S.)