IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR WINDING, DOUBLING, AND TWISTING YARN OR THREAD "
Year: 1883

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Boyd, of Shettleston, in the County of Lanark,
North Britain, Engineer for an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY
FOR WINDING, DOUBLING, AND TWISTING YARN OR THREAD
"
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Boyd at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 26th May 1883.
JOHN BOYD, of Shettleston in the County of Lanark, North Britain, Engineer
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR WINDING, DOUBLING, AND TWISTING YARN OR
THREAD
"
This Invention has for its object to improve the construction and action of
machinery in which the operation of winding yarn or thread is effected either alone
or combined with doubling or twisting or both.
One part of the Invention relates to the detectors and other parts of the devices
or mechanism provided for bringing about a stoppage of the winding action of a
spindle whenever an end or thread breaks or fails. Detectors of many kinds have
been used, some of them working on pivots and others being of the drop-wire sort ;
and the first kind acting as weights on a counter-weighted lever, or directly so as
to receive an end-on thrust from a rotating cam or equivalent, or coming into
contact with a rotating drum so as to communicate force therefrom to the stopping
mechanism. The second or drop-wire kind bave been arranged to act on counter-
weighted detector levers, or to drop into the path of a rotating cam or equivalent,
so as to project beyond the part through which the stoppage is effected; or, as in
beaming machines, to drop between two rollers, and by causing the separation of
the rollers to bring about the stoppage. It is one of the main objects of the present
Invention to introduce an improved kind of detector which is simple in construction
and less liable to be injured by the stopping action than those hitherto in use and
which is very suitable for heavy and medium yarns whilst it can be adapted to
work without unduly straining light or tender yarns. The main peculiarities of
the improved kind of detector is that when it drops in response to the breakage or
failure of an end or thread it interposes a solid or rigid foot between the rotating
1227

page_text: cam and the detector holder and is subjected to compression only and not to any
bending or other strain that could possibly injure it.
The improved detectors, which may be made of a less length than two inches,
are made of round wire or of thin flat metal strips and are formed with hooks or
curls at their upper ends to hang on the yarn ends or threads; or they may be
fitted with porcelain or other eyes or hooks at their upper ends. The lower ends
of the detectors have fixed to them feet consisting of bent pieces of thin metal or
of small solid blocks which may be cast on. The detector holder may be formed
on the end of a lever or arm or on a swinging piece or other part by the movement
of which the stoppage is effected, but consists by preference of a separate right-
angled piece to be adjustably fixed on such other part. The detector holder has a
broad horizontal groove formed across the lower part of its face, and the upper part
has narrow or fine vertical guide grooves formed in it for the detectors to work in.
The detectors can move freely up and down in their grooves but are prevented
from getting out by a small covering plate which is easily removed when required,
being held by grooved projections or studs formed or fixed for the purpose on the
face of the holder. The horizontal groove of the holder is broad enough to allow
of the requisite vertical movements of the feet of the detectors, and the bottom side
of the groove serves as a ledge to stop and support the detectors when in their
lower positions. The detector holder is by preference placed in an inclined position
with its lower part nearer the continuously rotating cam or wiper which effects
the stoppage, this position of the holder having the double advantage of requiring
a comparatively smaller movement of the detector to and from the rotating cam
and of causing the detectors to act with less weight on the yarns or threads.
Whilst the several detectors of one holder are held up by their yarn ends or threads
the cam rotates without touching anything, but when any end or thread breaks or
fails the corresponding detector slides down its groove in the holder and its foot
then forms as it were a projection on the holder in the way of the cam which
projection is by preference slightly below the horizontal centre plane of the cam,
and the cam in rotating acts on the foot and pressing that foot against the holder
causes the latter and the piece to which it is attached to move in a direction from
the cam.
This movement of the detector holder and part carrying it may be
arranged to bring about the stoppage of the winding action in any convenient way,
by preference made to act in connection with catch plates and other parts in
the manner described in the Specifications of patents obtained by the present
applicant and Thomas Alexander Boyd and officially numbered 4241 of 1877
and 2757 of 1881. When catch plates are used the horizontal upper catch plate
or piece fixed to the framing is by preference made with a turned-up inner end to
act as a guide to the lever or arm or other piece to which the detector holder is
fixed such piece being made with two sides up between which the guiding part
projects.
but
Where very light detector wires are desired the holder may be made with a
notch or horizontal groove across a part of it with continuations of the vertical
grooves or holes for the detector wires beyond or below such notch, the wires when
held up having their bottom ends just above the notch or horizontal groove, but
when dropped passing across into the continuations of their grooves or holes or
upon a supporting surface. With this arrangement an angularly reciprocating or
rocking wiper or cam may be used instead of a continuously rotating one, the
acting edge of the wiper or reciprocating part entering the notch or horizontal
groove of the holder without touching whilst the detector wires are held up but
encountering any wire that may be dropped and through it moving the holder and
putting the stopping mechanism into action.
In applying the present improvements to combined doubling, twisting, and
winding machines of the kind in which the yarns or threads after passing through
the detectors and through a guide curl on a traverse bar proceed between two feed
rollers the upper one of which is raised whenever the stopping mechanism comes
into action, the cradle for the upper roller is formed by a pair of arms passing

page_text: under and up in front of the lower roller and these arms are made in the same
casting or piece with a backwardly or inwardly extending arm having the detector
holder fixed to it which piece is fixed on the upper end of the vertical rod of
stopping apparatus of the kind described in the Specification of the patent
numbered 2757 of 1881, herein before referred to.
The
In a modification of combined doubling twisting and winding machinery of the
kind in which elevated or overhead feed rollers are used the improved detector and
stopping details and other parts are arranged in the following manner.
vertical rod is made and arranged so as by its own springing action to cause the
engagement of the catch plates, and it has a short angled part formed at its upper
end to which the detector holder is attached, and the lower end of the rod is
formed with a lug to which is fixed the lower end of a light red having its upper
end attached to the inner end of the lever which carries the lower movable over-
head feed roller. This lever is centered at the outer side of the feed rollers and
carries the lower feed roller between its centre and its inner end, a helical spring
connected by a regulating screwed rod to a top centre bar being applied to the
inner end to lift it and make it press the lower feed roller up against the upper
continuously rotating feed roller. The several feed-roller levers project in between
inclined boards fitted with studs or pins to carry the bobbins off which the yarn
ends or threads are drawn ; and these boards can be extended upwards any con-
venient distance so as to carry bobbins at the inner side of the over head. feed
rollers. With this improved arrangement there is more room for the bobbins and
the yarn ends or threads pass directly to the detectors, and other advantages are
obtained, whilst the machine is kept very compact. The parts of the machine are
also arranged so that comparatively large bobbins can be used on which to twist
and wind the doubled yarns or threads. The vertical rod is, at its lower end
jointed to a double-sided lever the joint being to the inner side of the fulcrum of
the lever which fulcrum or centre is on a bracket bolted to a horizontal rail of the
framing the same rail carrying the collar bearings of the spindles. The lever is
formed with. a forwardly projecting foot lever by pressing down on which the
vertical rod is raised for starting the winding action; and the inner end of the
lever has attached to it a counterweight sufficiently heavy to overcome the upward
pull of the spring hereinbefore referred to for raising the lever of the overhead feed
roller. The spindle is driven by a cord and the motion is stopped when required
by slackening the cord and at the same time gripping it, the cord being tightened
when in action by a pulley carried by the counterweighted lever as described in the
Specification of patent number 2757 of 1881. The bracket carrying the counter-
weighted lever is made with guides having parts under and parts at the sides of
the path of the driving cord, and with a slot through which the vertical rod passes.
An angled finger or gripping piece is adjustably bolted to the vertical rod and
when this rod descends the finger grips the cord against the bottom part of the
bracket guide, the tightening pulley at the same time descending with the
counterweighted lever and leaving the cord slack.
Another part of the present Invention relates to the traverse motion by which
the building of the yarn or thread is effected and comprises improved automatic
cop-building mechanism which is conveniently adjustable so that the building
action can be modified to suit different sizes of yarn or for various requirements.
In carrying out this part of the Invention the traversing rail is moved by means
of racks or toothed pokers and pinions or quadrants which latter are on a shaft.
actuated by means of a chain having one end attached to a pulley on the shaft.
The other end of the chain is attached to a pulley which is loose on a shaft or stud
and has fast to it a spurwheel with which there gears a pinion on an eccentric
stud upon a lever piece centered on the same shaft or stud as the chain pulley.
The last mentioned pinion is in the same piece with a spurwheel gearing with a
pinion fixed at the centre of a large finely toothed ratchet wheel or fixed or formed
on the shaft carrying that ratchet wheel and which shaft is that carrying the
chain pulley or is in the same line as that shaft or stud. The lever piece carrying

page_text: the eccentric pinion and spurwheel has an arm fitted with a pawl to engage with
the teeth of the large ratchet wheel and connected to a lever to which the traverse
motion is imparted by a suitable cam; or the lever piece may have an equivalent
angular reciprocating movement imparted to it in any convenient way. The object
of the arrangement is to cause a variable slight portion of the chain to be wound
up at each reciprocation produced by the cam so that as the winding proceeds the
yarn or thread is wound in cylindrical or slightly conical layers with each
Buccessive layer commencing and ending at slightly higher points on the spindle or
cop tube or bobbin. A holding pawl is provided to engage with the teeth of the
ratchet wheel, but is arranged so that its effective action may be varied or
adjusted to suit the rate of winding up required. In one convenient arrangement
the holding pawl is carried on an arm turning on the same centre as the ratchet
wheel and its action is determined by the extent to which it is allowed to move
round with the ratchet wheel. If the holding pawl is allowed to move with the
ratchet wheel to the full extent of that wheel's movement then all the parts will
simply reciprocate without any winding up of the chain and without any change
in the position of the successive cylindrical or conical layers of yarn or thread; but
if the holding pawl is adjusted so as to be held back by a cord or chain or any
convenient stop to the extent of one two or more teeth of the ratchet wheel then
the ratchet wheel will have its return movements made so many teeth less than its
forward movements, the lever-piece pawl slipping over the like number of teeth at
the end of its return movement and the pinion of the ratchet wheel will through
the eccentric wheels cause a corresponding but greatly reduced relative movement
of the chain pulley and the chain will be wound up to a corresponding extent.
When it is wished to have the bottom of the cop wound fuller than the remainder
the chain pulley is made with a part of gradually increasing radius where the
chain begins to wind upon it so that winding up will be slower at first than
afterwards. With this improved arrangement the building action may be very
much varied without the use of the numerous change wheels and other complex
parts required with some existing arrangements for the same purposes. The chain
or cord for determining or limiting the extent of movement of the holding pawl is
by preference led to a piece fitted to slide upon or beside a scale and can be fixed
in any position, the scale showing the number of teeth of the ratchet wheel taken
up at each reciprocation, the number of teeth so taken up being greater for the
coarser yarns. After each cop-building operation the pawls are turned out of
action and the ratchet wheel is turned back by means of a handle provided for the
purpose. Where convenient the ratchet wheel and parts in immediate connection
with it may be placed on the shaft acting directly on the pokers of the traverse
bar instead of being on a separate shaft from which the movements are transmitted
by a chain as hereinbefore described.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said John Boyd in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 24th November.
1883.
JOHN BOYD, of Shettleston, in the County of Lanark, North Britain, Engineer
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR WINDING, DOUBLING, AND TWISTING YARN OR
THREAD
"
My said Invention has for its object to improve the construction and action of
machinery in which the operation of winding yarn or thread is effected either
alone or combined with doubling or twisting or both.
One part of my Invention relates to the detectors and other parts of the devices
or mechanism provided for bringing about a stoppage of the action of a spindle or
bobbin whenever an end or thread breaks or fails. Detectors of many kinds have
been used, some of them working on pivots, and others being of the drop-wire sort;
and the first kind acting as weights on a counter-weighted lever, or directly, so as
to receive an end-on thrust from a rotating cam or equivalent, or coming into
contact with a rotating drum so as to communicate force therefrom to the stopping
mechanism. The second or drop-wire kind have been arranged to act on counter-
weighted detector levers, or to drop into the path of a rotating cam or equivalent,
so as to project beyond the part through which the stoppage is effected; or, as in
beaming machines, to drop between two rollers, and by causing the separation of
the rollers to bring about the stoppage. It is one of the main objects of my.
present Invention to introduce an improved kind of detector which is simple in
construction, and less liable to be injured by the stopping action than those hitherto
in use, and which is very suitable for heavy and medium yarns, whilst it can be
adapted to work without unduly straining light or tender yarns. The main
peculiarity of the improved kind of detector is that when it drops in response to
the breakage or failure of an end or thread it interposes a solid or rigid foot
between the rotating cam and the detector holder, and is subjected to compression
only, and not to any bending or other strain that could possibly injure it.
Whilst my improved detectors and parts immediately connected therewith are
applicable to various machines, and may be combined with various arrangements
for bringing about the stoppage of the twisting or winding action, one modification.
of them is by my present Invention combined with other improved parts to form
a new machine in which doubling and twisting are combined. This machine is of
the kind in which elevated or overhead feed rollers are used. The detector holder
for each set of yarn ends or threads is fixed on a short angled part formed at the
top of a vertical rod which is held up by a catch plate on it engaging with a fixed
catch plate, the rod being made so as by its own springing action to tend to engage
with the fixed catch plate. When the detectors and other parts act on the
breakage or failure of a thread the vertical rod is pushed off the catch plate and
descends and thereby brings about the stoppage of the motions. The lower end of
the vertical rod has fixed to its lower end the lower end of a light rod having its
upper end attached to the inner end of the lever which carries the lower movable :
overhead feed roller. This lever is centered at the outer side of the feed rollers
and carries the lower feed roller between its centre and its inner end, a helical -
spring connected by a regulating screwed rod to a top centre bar being applied to
the inner end to lift it and make it press the lower feed roller up against the upper.
continuously rotating feed roller. The several feed-roller levers project in between
inclined boards fitted with pegs to carry the bobbins off which the yarn ends.or:
threads are drawn; aud, these boards can be extended upwards any convenient :

page_text: distance so as to carry bobbins at the inner side of the overhead feed rollers.
With this improved arrangement there is more room for the bobbins, and the
yarn ends or threads pass directly to the detectors, and other advantages are
obtained whilst the machine is kept very compact. The parts of the machine are
also arranged so that comparatively large bobbins can be used on which to twist
and wind the doubled yarns or threads. My present Invention also comprises
improvements in other details which will however be most easily and intelligibly
described with the aid of the three accompanying sheets of drawings.
On sheet, 1, of the accompanying drawings figure, 1, is a transverse vertical
section of my improved machine for doubling and twisting yarn or thread. Iu
the figure the external outline 29, of a transverse frame which may be an end
frame or an intermediate frame according to the length of the machine is shown,
but the lines of the inner openings of the frame are not shown as their particular
form is unimportant and their absence renders the drawing simpler and less
confused.
Figures 2 to 11 represent the improved detectors and their holders and are full
size in the drawing lodged with this specification. Figures, 12 to 15, on sheet, 2,
of the drawings represent various applications of my improved detectors and their
holders.
Figures 16, to 27, represent various details of the machine shown in figure, 1, on
a larger scale than in figure, 1.
In the machine shown in figure, 1, there are at each side two longitudinal rails
or frame bars, 30, 31, carrying the vertical spindles, 32, by collar bearings and
footstep bearings. At higher and more inward positions there are longitudinal
rails, 33, on which are fixed the catching and guiding plates, 34, for the vertical
rods, 35, and which also support the bottom ends of inclined boards, 36, fixed at
their upper ends to a longitudinal wooden rail or frame bar, 37, supported by the
end or intermediate frames, 29. At the top of the machine there is at each side a
longitudinal rail, 38, formed with brackets for carrying the fulcra or centres at the
outer ends of levers, 39, which carry the lower overhead feed rollers, 40, and bear
them up against the continuously rotating rollers, 41. These upper rollers, 41, are
carried and driven as in former machines the driving gearing being indicated by
dotted circles in figure, 1. The inner ends of the levers, 39, of the lower feed
rollers, 40, are drawn up by helical springs, 42, adjustably fixed to the middle
rail, 37, by screwed rods and nuts, admitting of the pressure of the lower feed
rollers, 40, up against the upper feed rollers, 41, being suitably adjusted. The
lever, 39, with its lower feed roller, 40, is shown detached in figures, 16, 17, and 18,
these figures being respectively an end elevation, a side elevation, and a plan.
Each lever, 39, has hooked upon its inner end the upper end of a light rod, 43, the
lower end of which is screwed and adjustably attached to a lug, 44, formed on the
lower end of a vertical rod or bar, 35, which is shown detached in side and back
view in figure, 20. At its lower end the vertical rod, 35, is jointed to a lever, 46,
shown detached in plan and side elevation in figures, 26, and 27; and near its
upper end the rod, 85, has fixed on its inner side a catch plate, 47, of a kind
shown and described in the Specifications of patents obtained by me and Thomas
Alexander Boyd and officially numbered 4241 of 1877 and 2725 of 1881. In the
present machine instead of the part on which the catch plate, 47, of the rod 35,
being a similar catch plate as in former machines it is a piece, 34, shown separately
in plan and side view in figure, 19, and also shown in figure, 22. This piece, 34,
is fixed on the frame rail, 33, and besides acting as a catch plate is also made to
serve as a guide for the vertical rod, 35, being made with projections between
which the rod is placed. The lower part of the vertical rod is guided by a
bracket, 48, bolted to the frame rail, 30, and shown separately in plan, in side
elevation, and in back elevation, in figures 23, 24 and 25. The lower end of the
same bracket, 48, has the lever, 46, jointed to or centered upon it, and the vertical
rod, 35, passes up from its point of attachment to the lever, 46, through a notch or
slot in an inwardly projecting part, 49, of the bracket, 48, and in contact with the

page_text: inwardly projecting top of that bracket. When the vertical rod 35, is raised so
that its catch plate, 47, is above the fixed catch plate, 34, it is constrained by the
bracket to move its upper end so far inwards that its catch plate, 47, engages upon
the fixed catch plate, 34, and the rod has to be sprung outwards a little to allow
its catch plate to get off the fixed catch plate and descend. The top end of the
vertical rod, 35, is made with an inclined part, 50, to which the detector
holder, 51, is fixed by a screw pin, as shown on an enlarged scale in figure, 22,
figure, 21, being a face view or inner-side elevation of the detector holder. The
peculiarities of the improved detector holder and detectors are hereinafter fully
described, and in this place it will suffice to state that when a yarn end or
thread breaks or fails the detector holder, 51, is pushed outwards by the
continuously rotating cam, 52, so as to spring the vertical rod, 35, sufficiently
to take its catch plate, 47, off the fixed catch plate, 34, whereupon the weight
acting on the rod, 35, draws it down. The weight, 53, for assisting in drawing
down the vertical rod, 35, and also in effecting the other movements necessary
for stopping the twisting and winding action, is applied to the lever, 46, to
which the lower end of the vertical rod 35, is jointed. This lever, 46, (as shown
in figures, 26, 27) is in the form of a frame and its inner end is made with separate
notches or depressions into any one of which the weight 53, can be hooked so as
not to interfere with the driving cord, 54, which passes in slightly different
positions in different cases. The lever, 46, carries a pulley, 55, for tightening the
cord, 54, by which the spindle, 32, is driven, and allows this cord to be slack when
the weight, 53, acts in consequence of the vertical rod, 45, being released and
drawn down. The driving cord, 54, on its way between the driving pulley, 56,
and the spindle 32, passes on each side of the bracket, 48, but on the inner sides of
vertical parts, 57, formed on the inwardly projecting part, 49, and when a stoppage
is being brought about one part of the cord is nipped between the bottom of the
projecting part, 49, and a finger or nipping piece which is bolted to one side of the
vertical rod, 35, and bears down upon the cord when that rod descends. The parts
are made symmetrical or alike on both sides and the nipping piece can be fixed on
either side of the vertical rod, 35, to suit the direction in which the cord is running.
The weighted lever, 46, is formed with a forwardly projecting arm or treadle, 58,
by applying the foot to which the parts are restored to the several positions they
should have when the twisting and winding is proceeding, the depressing of the
treadle causing the action to restart by releasing the driving cord, 54, and applying
the tightening pulley, 55, to it, and by causing the lower overhead feed roller, 40, to
be pressed up against the continuously rotating roller, 41.
The inclined boards, 36, carrying the bobbins, 59, off which the yarn ends or
threads to be doubled and twisted are drawn, are narrow, and are placed with
small spaces between them to allow of the passage of the levers, 39, at the lower
overhead feed rollers, 40. Hinged drags, 60, are applied to the several bobbins 59,
in an ordinary manner to prevent the yarn or thread from unwinding from them too
freely.
In figure, 1, the parts on the right-hand side are shown in their working
positions, but on the left-hand side one of the yarn ends or threads is shown broken,
and the detector details and other parts are shown in the positions assumed in
bringing about a stoppage of the twisting and winding actions.
The improved detectors, 61, which may be made of a less length than two inches
or five centimetres are made of round wire as shown in figure, 2, or of thin flat
metal strips as shown in figure, 7, and are formed with hooks or curls at their
upper ends (figure, 2, to hang on the yarn ends or threads; or they may be fitted
at their upper ends with porcelain eyes (figure 7) or with other equivalent eyes or
hooks. The lower ends of the detectors, 61, have fixed to them feet, 62, consisting
of bent pieces of thin metal (figure 2) or of small solid blocks (figure 7) which may
be cast on.
The detector holder, 51, may be formed on a lever or arm, 64, (as
shown in figure, 14) or on a swinging piece, 65, (as shown in figure, 15) or on any
part by the movement of which the stoppage is effected, but such holder consists

page_text: by preference of a separate right-angled piece, 51, capable of being adjustably fixed:
on the lever, arm, rod, or other part. A holder, 51, with four wire detectors, 61, is
shown in face view in figure, 3, in side view in figure, 4, and in plan in figure, 6,
its shape being fully shown by these figures. Figures 8, 9, and 11, are similar
views of a holder, 5], with four detectors, 61, made of thin strips of metal and
fitted with porcelain eyes; and a similar holder is shown in figures 21, and
22, herein before already referred to. The detector holder 51 (figures, 3, 4,
6, 8, 9, 11) has a broad horizontal groove, 66, formed across the lower part
of its face and the upper part has narrow or fine vertical grooves formed
in for the detectors, 61, to work in, these grooves being shaped to suit the
wires or thin metal strips according as one or the other kind of detector is used.
The detectors, 61, can move freely up and down in their grooves in the holder, but
are prevented from getting out by a small covering plate, 67, shown separately in
figures, 5, and 10, which plate, 67, is easily removed when required, being held by
grooved projections, 68, or studs formed or fixed for the purpose on the face of the
holder. 51,
The horizontal groove, 66, of the holder is broad enough to allow of
the requisite vertical movements of the feet, 62, of the detectors and the bottom
side of the groove serves as a ledge to stop and support the detectors when in their
lower positions. The detector holder, 51, is by preference placed in an inclined
position, as shown in figures 1, 12, 14, and 22, with its lower part nearer the con-
tinuously rotating cam or wiper shaft 52, which effects the stoppage. This position
of the holder, 51, has the double advantage of requiring a comparatively smaller
movement of a detector, 61, to and from the rotating cam, and of causing the
detectors to act with less weight on the yarns or threads. Whilst the several
detectors, 61, of one holder 51, are held up by their yarn ends or threads the
cam, 52, rotates without touching anything, but when any end or thread breaks or
fails the corresponding detector, 61, slides down its groove in the holder, 51, and
its foot, 62, then forms as it were, a projection on the holder in the way of the
cam, 52, which projection is by preference slightly below the horizontal centre
plane of the cam, and the cam in rotating acts on the detector foot, 62, and pressing
that foot against the holder, 51, causes the latter and the piece to which it is
attached to move in a direction from the cam. This movement of the detector
holder, 51, and part carrying it may be arranged to bring about the stoppage of the
winding or twisting and winding action in any convenient way, but is by preference
made to act in connection with catch plates, 47, 34, and other parts in modes
similar to those described in the earlier Specifications hereinbefore referred to it
being a characteristic feature of such modes that whenever the continuously rotating
cam 52, acts on the detector or its holder the movements immediately following
take the detector or part acted on by the cam away from the cam whilst bringing
about the stoppage of the winding or twisting and winding action.
One mode of combining the improved detectors and their holders is adopted in
the machine shown in figure, 1, as has been herein before described. Figures 12,
and 13, show a combination with parts to some extent like those of my earlier
machines described in the Specification N° 2757 of 1881 hereinbefore referred to,
but which are, however, simplified and improved only one continuously rotating
feed roller, 70, being used instead of two. The movable feed roller, 71, when
working, rests on the outer and upper part of the other feed roller, 70, and is
guided and moved by a cradle, 72, which with the movable roller, 71, is shown in
plan in figure, 13. The cradle, 72, consists of two curved arms formed in the
same piece with the arm, 73, to which the detector holder, 51, is fixed and which
is fixed to the vertical rod, 35. In this arrangement the vertical rod, 35, rises
instead of descending as it does in the arrangement shown in figure, 1, when a
stoppage is being effected. The arm, 73, is slotted or double and the fixed catch
plate, 34, is made with a turned-up part which projects up into the slot and serves
to guide the arm.
Figure, 14, shows the application of my improved detectors, 61, and their
holder, 51, to doubling and winding apparatus of the kind shown in figure, 7, and

page_text: other figures of Specification N° 4241 of 1877 herein before referred to, and in
which a slip lever, 74, is employed to stop the winding action when a yarn end or
thread breaks or fails by interposing a slip between the winding drum 75 and the
bobbin, 76, In this example the detector holder, 51, is formed on a lever, 64,
centered on a bracket fixed to the frame rail, 77, and catch plates, 47, on this lever, 64,
and on the slip lever, 74, keep the latter out of action until a yarn end or thread
breaks or fails, and then the continuously rotating cam, 52, by acting through a
dropped detector on the lever, 64, causes the disengagement of the catch plates, 47,
and the consequent movement of the slip lever, 74.
In the modification shown in figure, 15, the detector holder, 51, is made upon a
swinging piece or lever, 65, which engages with and holds up the front part of the
slip lever, 74, by means of catch plates, 47. The detectors used in this example
and of which one is shown separately at 78, consist each of a simple wire with a
curl formed on its upper end and with its sides reduced except at the lower part,
to work in the grooves of the holder, 51. A continuously rocking cam, 79, is
substituted for the rotating cam, 52, of other modifications and is arranged so
that when its projecting part moves towards the swinging piece, 65, it does not
move that piece when a detector wire has not been dropped so as to lie against
the lower part of the holder, but it moves sufficiently far in that direction to touch
a detector wire if one has been dropped by the breakage or failure of a yarn end or
thread and through the wire to impart sufficient movement to the swinging
piece, 65, to cause the release of the slip lever, 74. A notch or horizontal groove
may be formed across the detector holder, 51, as mentioned in my Provisional
Specification relative hereto, and the angular reciprocating stroke of the wiper or
cam, 79, may be made such that the acting edge will enter the notch or groove; I
however now prefer to make the holder, 51, without the notch so that the part of
the detector which when dropped is acted on by the wiper, 79, may rest against a
solid part of the holder.
Another part of my present Invention relates to the traverse motion by which
the building of the yarn or thread is effected, and comprises improved automatic
cop-building mechanism which is conveniently adjustable so that the building
action can be modified to suit different sizes of yarn or for various requirements.
In carrying out this part of my Invention the traversing rail is moved by means
of racks or toothed pokers and pinions or quadrants which latter are on a shaft
actuated by means of a chain having one end attached to a pulley on the shaft, the
other end being attached to a pulley forming part of an oscillating or angularly
reciprocating combination of mechanism which gradually winds up the chain so
that as the winding proceeds the yarn or thread becomes wound in cylindrical or
slightly conical layers with each successive layer commencing and ending at
slightly higher points on the spindle or cop tube or bobbin. An example of my
improved cop-building mechanism is shown on sheet, 3, of the accompanying
drawings, figure, 28, being a sectional edge view, figure, 29, a sectional side
view, and figure, 30, a plan.
The traverse rail, 81, (shown only in figure, 29) is carried and moved by two
or more toothed pokers, 82, guided in tubes in a frame rail, 83, these pokers being
acted on by pinions, 84, on a horizontal shaft, 85, having also on it a pulley, 86, to
which is attached one end of a chain, 87, having its other end attached to a
pulley, 88, which is loose on a horizontal shaft, 89, carried in bearings in a position
a little distance inwards from the side of the machine.. The pulley, 88, has fast to
it a spurwheel, 90, with which there gears a pinion, 91, on an eccentric stud, 92,
upon a lever piece, 93, centered loosely on the same shaft, 89. This pinion 91 is
in the same piece with a spurwheel 94, gearing with a pinion, 95, fixed on the
shaft, 89, which has also fixed on it a large finely toothed ratchet wheel, 96.
lever piece, 93, has an arm, 97, with a pawl, 98, to engage with the teeth of the
ratchet wheel, 96, and is also connected by a chain, 99, to a lever, 100 to which
the traverse motion is imparted by a suitable rotating cam, 101; or the lever
piece, 93, may have an equivalent angular reciprocating movement imparted to it
The

page_text: in any convenient way. A holding pawl, 102, is provided to engage with the
teeth of the ratchet wheel, 96, but is arranged so that its effective action may be
varied or adjusted to suit the rate of winding up required. In the arrangement
shown in the drawing the holding pawl, 102, is carried on an arm or lever, 103,
turning on the same centre as the ratchet wheel, 96, and its effective action is
determined by the extent to which it is allowed to move round with the ratchet wheel.
Thus if the holding pawl 102, is allowed to move with the ratchet wheel, 96, to the
full extent of that wheel's movement then all the parts will simply reciprocate
without any winding up of the chain, 87, and without any change in the position of
the successive cylindrical or conical layers of yarn or thread; but if the holding
pawl, 102, is adjusted so as to be held by a cord or chain or any convenient stop so as
to be prevented from moving to the full extent of the angular movement imparted to
the ratchet wheel, 96, then the ratchet wheel will have its return movements made
so many teeth less than its forward movements, the lever-piece pawl, 98, slipping
over the like number of teeth at the end of its return movement, and the pinion, 95,
which turns with the ratchet wheel 96, will through the eccentric wheels 94, 91,
cause a corresponding, but greatly reduced relative movement of the chain pulley, 88,
and the chain, 87, will be wound up to a corresponding extent. When it is wished
to have the bottom of the cop wound fuller than the remainder, the chain pulley, 88,
is made with a part of gradually increasing radius where the chain, 87, begins to
wind on it, so that the winding up will be slower at first than afterwards.
With this improved arrangement the building action may be very much varied
without the use of the numerous change wheels and other complex parts required
with some existing arrangements for the same purposes. The chain or cord, 104,
for determining or limiting the extent of movement of the holding pawl, 102, is
by preference led to a piece 105, fitted to slide upon or beside a scale 106, and can
be fixed in any position, the scale showing the number of teeth of the ratchet
wheel, 96, taken up at each reciprocation, the number of teeth so taken up being
greater for the coarser yarns.
After each cop-building operation the pawls, 98, 102, are turned out of action,
and the ratchet wheel 96, is turned back by means of a handle 107, fixed on or
temporarily applied to the shaft, 89. Where convenient the ratchet wheel, 96, and
parts in immediate connection with it may be placed on the shaft, 85, which acts
directly on the pokers, 82, of the traverse rail, 81, instead of being on a separate
shaft, 89, froin which the movements are transmitted by a chain, 87, as herein-
before described. A weight, 108, is attached to the lever piece, 93, to assist its
return movements.
Having thus particularly described my said Invention and the manner of
performing the same I have to state that I do not restrict myself to the precise
details herein described or delineated but that what I believe to be novel and
original and claim as the Invention secured to me by and in terms of the herein-
before in part recited Letters Patent is:-
1. Detectors for winding, doubling, and twisting, machinery constructed with
solid or rigid feet to be interposed between the detector holder or equivalent and a
rotating or oscillating wiper or cam so as to be subjected to compression only in
transmitting the action of the wiper or cam substantially as and for the purposes
herein before described.
2. The improved detectors, 61, and detector holder, 51, shown in figures 2 to 6.
3. The improved detectors, 61, and detector holder, 51, shown in figures, 7,
to 11.
4. The improved detector, 78, shown in figure, 15.
5. The swinging detector holder, 65, shown in figure, 15.
6. The improved construction and arrangement of the lower overhead feed
roller, 40, and its lever, 39, spring, 42, and rod, 43, connecting it to the other parts.
7. The improved construction and arrangement of the lower part of the vertical
rod, 35, with the parts for gripping and tightening the driving cord as shown in
figures 1, 20, 23, 24, and 25.

page_text: 8. The improved weighted tightening-pulley lever, 64, with its treadle arm 58,
for putting the parts into their working positions, as shown in figures 1, 26,
and 27.
9. The improved combined arms, 72, 73, shown in figures, 12 and 13, for carrying,
one the movable feed roller, 71, and the other the detector holder 51.
10. The adaptation of the improved detectors, 61, and their holder, 51, to
doubling and winding machines as shown in figure, 14.
11. The improved arrangement of the boards, 36, for carrying the bobbins off
which the yarn ends or threads are drawn, the said boards being placed with
interstices for the levers, 39, to extend inwards between them.
12. The combination of parts forming an improved cop-building mechanism and
berein before described with reference to figures, 28, 29, and 30, on sheet three of
the accompanying drawings.
13. The combination of the lever (97) pawl (98) and ratchet wheel (96) for
transmitting the traverse motion, with a holding pawl (102) having an adjustable
range of movement, and with reducing gearing for turning the chain pulley (89)
or equivalent part relatively to the other parts in proportion to the effective
action of the holding pawl (102) and thereby producing the cop-building action,
substantially as hereinbefore described.
14. Arranging cop-building mechanism with the pulley by which the traverse
movements are transmitted through a chain or otherwise, reciprocating angularly
or oscillating on a fixed axis and having combined with it on the same axis
mechanism for gradually winding up the chain or for acting otherwise in an
equivalent manner substantially as hereinbefore described.
In Witness whereof I, the said John Boyd have hereunto set my hand and
seal this twenty-third day of November in the year of our Lord One thousand
eight hundred and eighty-three.