matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
A SAFETY ELECTRIC SWITCH By
Year: 1883

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Joseph Wharton at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 20th March 1883.
CHARLES JOSEPH WHARTON of 8 and 9 Holborn Viaduct in the City of London
Electrician A SAFETY ELECTRIC SWITCH
By means of a trigger spring and tumbler or spiral spring to prevent the switch"
being left in any position except in perfect circuit or entirely broken circuit
whereby danger from heating caused by arcing through imperfect contact is
rendered impossible
IMPROVEMENTS IN HORSE SHOES
Year: 1883

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John George and John Joseph
Walker at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 25th October
1883.
JOHN GEORGE of Blenham Road, and JOHN JOSEPH WALKER of Highate-Hill
both in the County of Middlesex "IMPROVEMENTS IN HORSE SHOES
"
This Invention relates to a special construction of horse shoes in a manner
designed to allow of horses having a firm grip or foot hold on ordinary roads.
For shoes for light running horses I roll the metal of which the shoes are to be
formed-it may be of steel or iron-to a modified form of the usual tee shape, that
is to say, the under part on one side of the vertical mid feather or rib is made flat
as usual but the other side slopes downward from the vertical mid feather or rib
the whole of the upper face of the tee being flat as usual. The metal is bent round
to the form of the shoe, the back ends shut up and toe piece formed in the usual
way and then nailed onto the hoof, the nails passing. through the sloping part so
that the heads of the nails will be well beneath the upper edge of the slope or
angular groove. The vertical mid feather or rib being the only part of the shoe
which bears on the ground.
For heavy or walking cart horses I employ a modified form of channel steel or
iron, the outer ends of the two feathers or ribs forming the surface which bears on
the ground, the nails being driven in between snch feathers or ribs. At the toe the
under part of the shoe is either cut away or otherwise formed with a flat surface
or recess in which is fixed preferably by screws a roughening piece.
Boot and Shoe Manufacturer
Year: 1883

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Horace William Henry Lulhamı
and Edward [Edwin] Walter Lulham at the Office of the Commissioners of
Patents on the 13th July 1883.
HORACE WILLIAM HENRY LULHAM and EDWARD [EDWIN] WALTER LULHAM
of No. 130 Queens Road, Brighton in the County of Sussex, Boot and Shoe
Manufacturers IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BOOTS AND SHOES
Our Invention has reference to rendering Boots and Shoes damp and waterproof
which we accomplish by the insertion of a piece or pieces of Sheet Metal as a
middle or inner sole, the said middle or innersole being in one or more pieces
extending either through the entire sole or as far as may be found convenient.
In manufacturing Boots and Shoes according to our invention we provide for
the proper working up together of the Leather and Sheet metal so as to form a
compact sole leaving a silver streak only of the metal appearing round the edge
of the boot or shoe.
Boots constructed according to our said invention present the additional
advantage in respect to being nailed, viz that the nails are less liable to draw
or come out from the action of wet or other cause than is the case with ordinary
boots,
THE MANUFACTURE OF MATS AND MATTING FROM SOLE LEATHER SCRAPS
Year: 1883

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Cooper at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 17th September 1883.
WILLIAM COOPER, of Nantwich in the County of Chester, Leather Merchant
"THE MANUFACTURE OF MATS AND MATTING FROM SOLE LEATHER SCRAPS
"
My Invention consists in making mats or matting out of scraps of sole leather,
which is the refuse leather from shoe manufacturers; such leather mats and matting
being useful for halls, vestibules, church and chapel aisles, billiard rooms, carriages,
cabs, omnibusses, and for all other purposes for which mats and matting are
ordinarily used.
In carrying out my Invention, I take the said leather, cut by machinery from
scraps and waste pieces; and strung, or fastened together with Copper wire, or
bound together by wire or other material, in the form of mats or matting.
Chemist AN IMPROVED SUBSTITUTE FOR COFFEE AND APPARATUS THEREFOR"
Year: 1883

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward John Theodore Digby at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 7th February 1883.
EDWARD JOHN THEODORE DIGBY, of Brussels, in the kingdom of Belgium, but
"THE MANUFACTURE OF
temporarily of Holborn, in the city of London, Chemist
AN IMPROVED SUBSTITUTE FOR COFFEE AND APPARATUS THEREFOR"
My invention relates to a process and apparatus for treating carob fruit or pods
whereby I am enabled to produce an article of commerce which will serve as an
excellent substitute for coffee and which will at the same time possess valuable
nutritive, strengthening and invigorating properties, without the drawback of
injuriously affecting the nervous system, so frequently caused by taking coffee.
In carrying out my invention I first submit the fruit to a temperature of about
two hundred degrees Fahrenheit until it becomes sufficiently dry for cutting in a
machine consisting of a pair of horizontal rollers provided with knives or cutters
and fixed in a suitable receiver; the fruit being thus cut or divided into small
pieces is then placed in a drying apparatus consisting of a number of trays having
perforated bottoms and placed in rows one above the other on supports in a cásing
arranged to receive them; the heat is distributed from a suitable furnace or stove
by means of pipes so arranged that the heat will pass upwards through the per-
forated bottom of the trays so as to equally dry the fruit.
When sufficiently dried the fruit is placed in an ordinary roasting machine such
as is used for roasting coffee, a small quantity of fat being added to prevent the
charring of the fruit.
When sufficiently roasted the fruit is placed in a cooling machine having a per-
forated bottom and as soon as it is quite cold it is ground in an ordinary mill, and
is then ready for use (either alone or with an addition of a small quantity of
coffee or chicory) in a manner similar to that employed in making an infusion of
ordinary coffee.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ELECTRIC SECONDARY OR STORAGE BATTERIES
Year: 1883

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Henelade Courtenay at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 24th February 1883.
"
ROBERT HENELADE COURTENAY of 5 Southampton Buildings in the County of
Middlesex " IMPROVEMENTS IN ELECTRIC SECONDARY OR STORAGE BATTERIES
The object of the first part of my said Invention is to prevent or lessen the
leakage of the electric current in electric secondary or storage batteries when such
batteries are charged and not in actual use.
According to this part of my said Invention I construct and arrange the said
batteries so that the two elements are entirely separate from each other when out
of use but can easily be put in connection with each other when required for use.
One way of effecting the above is as follows. I place the positive element in one
cell and the negative element in an entirely separate cell and couple up as required
in the usual way for quantity or intensity with the conductors between each pair
of cells and in order to charge such cells by means of a dynamo or other electric
Bource I place one or more conductors made of a suitable metal or combination of
metals between the two elements such conductors being placed in the liquids and
capable of being removed or acted upon by a switch or switches in order to separate
the two elements when the battery is out of use as above described. The cells thus
constructed with the positive and negative elements apart can be when separated
by long distances charged by metallic conductors being connected with the liquids
as described above and wholly under control from the source of supply. Thus it
will be seen that the chemical and electrical condition of the cells may be entirely
separated at will thereby lessening the local action in such cells when not in use.
The object of the second part of my said invention is to improve the condition
of secondary or storage battery cells that is to render them more suitable for
receiving an electrical charge.
According to this part of my said Invention I charge the cells with oxygen gas
by suitable means until the positive elements are fully saturated which will further
increase the amount of oxygen in the metallic oxides and also in the spongy lead
or other metal, plates castings or substances employed together with the fluid with
which they are charged this latter retaining a large amount of oxygen under
pressure thus enabling such cells to be charged in much less time than heretofore.
I also in the case of large storage cells submit the negative elements to the action
of sulphuretted Hydrogen gas by any known method
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BELTS OR BANDS FOR TRANSMITTING MOTION TO MACHINERY
Year: 1883

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Bernard Armiger Barczinsky at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 4th October 1883. Commu-
nicated to him from abroad by Messieurs Korngold and Jaffe of Lodz, Poland.
BERNARD ARMIGER BARCZINSKY of Albany Street, Regents Park, in the County
of Middlesex, "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BELTS OR BANDS FOR
TRANSMITTING MOTION TO MACHINERY [a communication to him from abroad by
Messieurs Korngold and Jaffe of Lodz, Poland]
"
This invention relates to driving belts or bands made of flax in the manner
hereinafter described, and is designed to provide belts or bands of great strength
and at a much smaller cost thau is possible when leather is used.
In carrying the said invention into practice I take a fabric woven entirely of
flax which is rendered waterproof by any suitable process or composition. I then
subject the said fabric to a stretching operation and afterwards cut it to the
required dimensions according to the size of the driving belt required to be made;
it is then folded as hereinafter described to obtain the required width and thickness
and the folds are sewn together and pressed. For a belt six inches in width and
whose thickness is made up of four folds of the fabric, the latter is first cut to a
width of about twenty five inches that is to say six inches for each of the four
folds and one inch to allow for the material taken up in folding. Two pieces each
forming one fourth of the entire width are then turned inward from the opposite
edges and when this is done the entire width will be about twelve and one half
inches. This is then folded upon itself in such a manner that the raw edges will
be entirely inside. The width of the folded fabric is now the six inches required
and both of the edges thereof are smooth and rounded, one edge shewing a double
fold and the other edge a single one.
For a six-fold belt, of six inches in width, the waterproof fabric is cut to a width
of twenty five inches and upon this is placed a non-waterproof piece of the same
fabric twelve inches in width leaving six and one half inches of the outside
covering on either side of its edges, it is then folded in the same manner as above
described.
For an eight fold belt I use two widths of the fabric, one waterproof, the other
not waterproof, both of the same width and folded in the same manner, and so on
according to width and strength required.

page_text: After folding as above described the folds are sewn together by machinery
longitudinally with flax thread the lines of stitching being about one inch apart,
more or less. For belts five inches or more in width, I also sew the folds across
the fabric either at right angles to the first lines of stitches or at any other desirable
angle. The belting is then pressed between rollers or by other means.
A suitable word or sign is stamped upon the side of the belt which lay on the
machine whilst sewing. To indicate that this is the side which should lie on the
pulley when the belt is in use.
AN IMPROVED in the county of Middlesex, Fishing Tackle Manufacturer CHECK FISHING REEL
Year: 1883

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alfred Carter at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 29th March 1883.
ALFRED CARTER of the firm of Carter and Peek of 137, Saint John Street Road,
"AN IMPROVED
in the county of Middlesex, Fishing Tackle Manufacturer
CHECK FISHING REEL"
This invention relates to the construction of an improved check fishing reel the
object of the invention being to simplify the construction and to render the reel
less liable to damage from use and exposure to the weather.
In carrying out my invention I construct the reel of two end plates connected
together by a number of pillars which form the body of the reel on which the line
is wound; the reel rotates on a spindle supported in a bracket constructed to be
fixed on the fishing rod in the usual manner; the check arrangement consists of*
a toothed wheel fixed on one of the end plates of the reel, and of a spring carried
by the said bracket which is constructed to enclose both the spring and the toothed
wheel.
IMPROVEMENTS IN WEIGHING APPARATUS
Year: 1883

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Darling at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 27th April 1883.
61
JOHN DARLING, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North Britain,
'IMPROVEMENTS IN WEIGHING APPARATUS
"
This Invention which relates to Improvements in weighing apparatus has for its
object to dispense with the use of a series of separate weights or springs and to
substitute one weighted body carried at one end of a lever. This lever is or may
be mounted on pivots or knife edges after the manner well understood in weighing
apparatus and at that end of the lever nearest such mounting, the scale pan or
weighing platform on to which the articles to be weighed are placed is attached.-
The weighted body suspended at the other end of the lever is sunk in a vessel
containing water or other suitable liquid and as it is raised out of the water or
other liquid into the air, the volume of that part of the weighted body so raised
into the air becomes an indicator of the actual weight placed in the scale and is in
correspondence with the difference of specific gravity of any given volume of water
or other liquid and air.-A pointer or other index may be applied to the lever or
other part of the weighing apparatus to indicate the actual weight corresponding to
the extent to which the body is raised out of the water or other liquid.
This apparatus is applicable for scales or weighing apparatus of all kinds from
the most delicate and refined to the heaviest class of weighing apparatus such for
example as that used for weighing railway wagons, coal hutches, and for other
analogous purposes.
When applied for weighing coal as it is sent up by miners in the hutches from
coal pits or in other such cases where it is desirable to ascertain at once the actual
quantity of solid coal and the actual quantity of fine coal, or dross, or the large and
small portions of other substances the aforesaid weighing apparatus is provided
with a screen directed into the scale pan which is so shaped as to receive the solid
coal or other material, and at the same time the screen allows the dross or small
material to fall through its openings as the said material descends downward over
the screen.
"
IMPROVEMENTS IN LOCOMOTIVE ENGINES
Year: 1883

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Francis Fairlie at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 13th January 1883.
ROBERT FRANCIS FAIRLIE of Victoria Street in the City of Westminster
Engineer, "IMPROVEMENTS IN LOCOMOTIVE ENGINES
"
My improvements have special reference to locomotive engines of the Fairlie
type and are as follows:—
Instead of carrying the steam pipe through the smoke box as usual I carry it
through the boiler into the bogie centre and thence to the cylinders, my object
being to prevent as far as possible the condensation of the steam and to greatly
reduce the cost of steam pipes for Fairlie engines. I drive the tender wheels of
what is termed the single boiler Fairlie engine by conducting steam into cylinders
arranged for the purpose, exhausting the steam from these cylinders into the tanks
of the engine and condensing it in the usual manner. In order to make the engine
much steadier I greatly enlarge the diameter of the bogie centre making it nearly
equal to the whole width between the bogie frames. I also increase the generating
power of the boiler by carrying large tubes across the fire box, these tubes
communicating at both ends with the water space.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BICYCLES
Year: 1883

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Francis Michael Wright at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 12th March 1883.
FRANCIS MICHAEL WRIGHT of Haileybury College in the County of Herts
"IMPROVEMENTS IN BICYCLES
"
This Invention has for its object improvements in bicycles.
In bicycles as ordinarily constructed the pedals are carried by crank arms fixed
to the axis of the main or driving wheel the driving power of the rider is exerted
upon the pedals when they are in a position in front of this axis. The object of my
invention is to enable the rider to exert his driving power upon the pedals when
they are behind in place of in front of the axis..
For this purpose I prolong the ordinary fork which carries the axis of the main
or driving wheel and also fix upon each end of the axis of the main driving wheel
a toothed wheel. By the prolongations of the two prongs of the fork I carry other
toothed wheels which are made to gear with the toothed wheels on the axis of the
driving wheel.
The axis of these wheels might either be vertically below the axis of the main
wheel or to one side of it.
Each of the wheels carried by the prolongations of the fork has a crank arm
extending from it to carry a pedal and the toothed wheels are so geared with the
toothed wheels on the axis of the main or driving wheel that the two crank arms
are opposite to one another. I also make provision for changing the wheels to
which the crank arms are fixed so that wheels of smaller or larger diameter may be
used according to the speed of driving which may at any time be desired.
The toothed wheels upon each side of the driving wheel I enclose in a casing so
as to exclude all access of dust to the wheels,
IMPROVEMENTS IN OR APPLICABLE TO REELS OR MACHINERY FOR WINDING YARN OR THREAD INTO HANKS OR SKEINS
Year: 1883

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Bernhardt at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 18th July 1883.
GEORGE BERNHARDT, of Radcliffe, in the County of Lancaster, Spinner and
Manufacturer, "IMPROVEMENTS IN OR APPLICABLE TO REELS OR MACHINERY FOR
WINDING YARN OR THREAD INTO HANKS OR SKEINS,"
My invention relates to and consists in a system and arrangements for simul-
taneously taking all the threads to be reeled and securing and holding. them while
being reeled and releasing them simultaneously when the banks are wound and
thus saving time and the waste of thread arising in the ordinary mode of
proceeding.
I prefer to arrange the swift of the reel so that one stave can be readily attached
or detached from the arms which are to carry it, and for this purpose I prefer to
secure forked holders on each arm or on some of them, and provide the stave with
metal plates, having ribs which when the stave is placed in the forks will slide
within recesses in the forks; a spring at one part of the stave acting as a catch to
prevent the stave from moving endways until required, when it is released by
pressing upon the catch
The inner side of the stave is made concave to receive a round bar, that passes
from end to end of the stave and the round bar has connections with the stave in
which it can partly rotate.
This bar has a tooth hook or undercut part for each thread which passes within
the tooth book or undercut part, as hereinafter described, and is then secured by
partly rotating the round bar in the hollow of the stave which thus attaches all the
threads simultaneously thereto.
Two of these moveable staves are used for each reel, one of which is placed in
any convenient position, out of the way when reeling, and when the hanks are
wound, the spare stave is placed in angle pieces formed over the plate having slits
to guide the threads with the toothed part of the round bar in the stave at right
angles to and against the threads which all simultaneously enter their respective
notches hooks or teeth in the round bar when the stave is slided a little endways,
and are then secured by partly rotating the round bar by a small handle provided
CD 31

page_text: at one end of the stave which handle can be turned to a given extent to secure and
release the threads.
Before the hanks are removed the bar of the moveable stave on the arms of the
swift is turned to release the threads, and when the hanks are removed, the stave
is taken from the swift and it is replaced by that in which the threads are already
secured, and so on each of the two moveable stoves being thus used alternately.
IMPROVEMENTS IN TRAVELLING BAGS OR VALISES
Year: 1883

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Denton Abel at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 3rd April 1883. Communicated to
him from abroad by Vincenz Lancza of Berlin in the German Empire
CHARLES DENTON ABEL, of N° 28 Southampton Buildings, Chancery Lane, in
the county of Middlesex, "IMPROVEMENTS IN TRAVELLING BAGS OR VALISES,"
[communicated to him from abroad by Vincenz Lancza of Berlin in the German
Empire]
According to the present invention, the mouth of a travelling bag or valise is
formed of a rectangular metal frame of a length and width equal to the full length
and width of the bag, and to each side of this frame is pivotted a cover equal in
width to half the width of the mouth, which two covers fold down flat upon the
frame when closed.
The covers are constructed of rectangular frames of angle iron, so formed that
the one overlaps the other at the sides, while, on top, the one has a a flat plate
projecting beyond it, which laps over the abutting frame of the other cover, and
thus covers the joint.
The two covers are locked, when closed, firstly by a lock fixed at the middle of
the before-mentioned overlapping plate of the one cover, and locking into the
frame of the other cover beneath, and secondly by fastenings at each end of the
one cover, locking into the frame of the bag. These fastenings consist of a rotatable
pin projecting down through the cover, and having at its lower end a T shaped
head, which, when in one position, passes through a slot in the frame of the bag as
the cover is turned down, while when the pin is turned one quarter round, the
T head lies across the slot, and thus prevents the cover from opening.
The upper end of the pin has a small crank-handle for turning it.
INSULATING SUPPORTS FOR TELEGRAPH AND TELEPHONE WIRES. IMPROVEMENTS IN
Year: 1883

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Sydney Woolf at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 9th May 1883.
SYDNEY WOOLF, of Mexborough in the County of York
INSULATING SUPPORTS FOR TELEGRAPH AND TELEPHONE WIRES.
IMPROVEMENTS IN
My Invention relates to an improved construction of insulating support for
aerial telegraph and telephone wires whereby good insulation of the wires is
ensured in all weathers, and the poles are preserved from the decay which the
usual tarring and painting alone is inadequate to prevent.
My Invention consists in the construction of an earthenware sheath with
supporting arms, projections or brackets also of earthenware moulded in one
therewith to carry the wires. This sheath is closed at top and may be of such
dimensions as to closely envelop the upper part of the pole or any greater portion
of its length, the sheath being in the latter case either in one length or built up of
two or more tubular sections. The arms, projections or brackets for the support
of the wires are of such form and dimensions as to adapt them to withstand the
strains to which they may be subjected by the wires. These arms, projections
or brackets may be grooved with oblique undercut grooves and the wires may be
bound to them in the same way as they are now bound to ordinary insulators, or
the arms may be otherwise grooved, or they may have slots or notches moulded
or formed in them of such form that the wires may be slipped laterally into said
slots or notches but cannot escape therefrom, or the projections, arms or brackets
may be perforated and the wires be threaded through them.
By this Invention I am enabled to dispense with the ordinary wooden arms or
metal brackets and the insulators and their attachments or means of fixing the
said arms or brackets, and ensure the thorough preservation of the wooden pole.
IMPROVEMENTS IN AND RELATING TO ROLLERS FOR GRINDING-MILLS
Year: 1883

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Robert Lake at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 17th November 1883 com-
municated to him from abroad by Fanni Prokop, widow of Jos. Prokop,
of Pardubitz, Bohemia.
WILLIAM ROBERT LAKE, of the firm of Haseltine, Lake, & Co, Patent Agents,
Southampton Buildings, London, "IMPROVEMENTS IN AND RELATING TO ROLLERS
FOR GRINDING-MILLS" [a_communication to him from abroad by Fanni Prokop,
widow of Jos. Prokop, of Pardubitz, Bohemia.]
The object of this invention is to provide rollers having straight grooves cut in
their peripheries and to so arrange the said rollers that they will produce, between
the edges of the said straight grooves, an effect similar to that produced between
the blades of a pair of scissors. Hertofore this shearing effect or action has only
been obtained by rollers one or both of which had curves or helical grooves and
such grooves are obviously more difficult to cut than the straight grooves.
According to the said invention I provide conical rollers having straight grooves
and journalled near to each other, in suitable bearings, in such a manner, that the
small end of each roller is placed next to the large end of the other roller and that
the axis of one roller is slightly inclined relatively to the axis of the other roller.
This inclination in the entire length of the rollers should not exceed the breadth
of one of the said grooves.
By this arrangement the sharp edges of the grooves in the rollers, whose
adjacent surfaces move in opposite directions, will meet along the contact line of
the two rollers in an inclined position relatively to each other and will produce
the aforesaid shearing effect.
I prefer to make these rollers of chilled cast metal.
AN IMPROVED CAP OR COVERING FOR THE PROTECTION OF THE TEETH OF HORSECLIPPERS
Year: 1883

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to George Twigg of Birmingham in the County of Warwick
Manufacturer for an Invention of "AN IMPROVED CAP OR COVERING FOR
THE PROTECTION OF THE TEETH OF HORSECLIPPERS"
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said George Twigg at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 8th October 1888.
"AN
GEORGE TWIGG of Birmingham in the County of Warwick Manufacturer.
IMPROVED CAP OR COVERING FOR THE PROTECTION OF THE TEETH OF HORSE
CLIPPERS
"
I form of tin or any other suitable metal a plain blank of a V shaped section so
as to overlap the teeth of the Clippers This V shaped covering may also be
turned over at the ends so as to prevent the clippers from slipping out.
The advantage of this covering is that the teeth of Horse clippers can be
protected from breakage in transit in a more effectual way than at present.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said George Twigg in the Patent Office on the 5th April 1884.
GEORGE TWIGG of Birmingham in the County of Warwick Manufacturer AN
IMPROVED CAP OR COVERING FOR THE PROTECTION OF THE TEETH OF HORSE
CLIPPERS
This invention consists in forming a sheath or cover of any suitable metal of
such section as to overlap and protect the teeth of the clipper when the same is
not in use and this sheath or cover may have its ends turned over so as to prevent
its slipping off endways the use of this sheath or cover is that the teeth the most
delicate part of the clipper are protected from damage in carriage or when laid
aside out of use.
I will now proceed to describe the invention in detail by aid of the accompanying
drawings. Figure 1 represents a blank piece of metal to stamp out to the requisite
-form for producing when doubled up the form of a sheath as shewn in Figure 2,
in side and end elevations this is a simple V shaped cover intended to slip over the
teeth to the extent of the depth. In figure 3 is shewn a form of blank similarly
cut out of thin metal but designed to form not merely the cover or sheath to
protect the teeth but also a spring by which the sheath may be prevented from
accidental removal the blank is turned up as seen in cross section at A Figure 4
into a V shape to fit the teeth and one side of the blank is prolonged and curved
as at B the shape of such curve causing it to have a spring action upon the plate
of the clipper and thereby to attach the sheath firmly to the clipper until removed
by hand the apertures (Č C) are to allow room for the adjusting screws of the
clipper blades.
Having thus described the nature of the said Invention and the manner in which
the same is to be carried into effect I claim the Manufacture of an improved cap
or covering for the protection of the teeth of Horseclippers substantially as herein
more fully set forth and specified
In witness whereof I the said George Twigg have hereunto set my hand and
seal this twenty eighth day of March in the year of our Lord One thousand
eight hundred and eighty four.
ARODON MUA
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PLUSH FABRICS.
Year: 1883

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Joseph Henry Cunliffe of Rochdale in the County of
Lancaster, Manufacturer and Merchant for an Invention of IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE MANUFACTURE OF PLUSH FABRICS
(Void by reason of the Patentee having neglected to file a Specification
in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Putent.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Joseph Henry Cunliffe at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 11th April 1883.
JOSEPH HENRY CUNLIFFE of Rochdale, in the County of Lancaster, Manufacturer
and Merchant, "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PLUSH FABRICS ">
According to my Invention I weave a plush fabric, whether it be a velvet,
velveteen, cord or other like fabric, by means of tappets or their equivalents so
disposed that all the covering or facing picks are symmetrically arranged in pairs
in such wise, that while one is designed to produce a cover or pile at one side of
the fabric, the next is designed to produce a similar cover or pile at the other side
of the fabric; hence the result is a double pile fabric, that is one having a pile at
both sides of the cloth. Between the covering or pile picks occasional binding
picks are thrown in to form the body of the cloth. To effect this I arrange the
tappets or their equivalents which regulate the covering picks in alternately reverse
order, so that the ends over which the weft is floated at one pick are raised for the
weft to pass under at the next.
According to one method of carrying out my Invention I employ a certain
description of tappets in ten or more sections or parts according to the description
of plush required rotating on an adjustable shaft or stud on the loom frame.
Attached to this tappet is a toothed wheel operated by a corresponding wheel of
one of the loom shafts.

page_text: Supposing the fabric to be one that is woven with six shafts, fourteen to the
round, the ends will be raised in the following order, 2. 3. 4. 5. 6; 1; 1. 2. 4. 5. 6;
3; 1. 2. 3. 4. 6; 5; 2.4.6; this is a binding pick; 2. 3. 4. 5. 6; 1; 1. 2. 4. 5. 6; 3; 1.
2. 3. 4. 6; 5; 1. 3. 5, this also is a binding pick. The covering picks will
alternately cover the face and the back, and thus render each side available for t
cutting to form plush,
APPARATUS FOR CHECKING THE ISSUE OF TICKETS, OR OF PASSENGERS ENTERING TRAMWAY CARS, PUBLIC BUILDINGS, AND OTHER PLACES."
Year: 1883

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Adam Johnston at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 30th November 1883.
“IMPROVEMENTS IN
ADAM JOHNSTON of Birkenhead in the County of Chester.
APPARATUS FOR CHECKING THE ISSUE OF TICKETS, OR OF PASSENGERS ENTERING
TRAMWAY CARS, PUBLIC BUILDINGS, AND OTHER PLACES."
This invention is designed to give an absolutely safe check upon the guard,
without the necessity for turnstiles and other expensive apparatus. It consists in a
box containing a tape of tickets. Two sharply fluted rollers of a circumference
exactly the same length as the length of the ticket, a knife or pair of scissors
worked by a cam on the axis of one or both rollers, which at each revolution cuts
off a ticket length, a coiled or other spring which draws back the scissors and at
the same drives the rollers a third of a revolution. A slit in the box just right
size for the tickets to project through and an ordinary counting apparatus as a
further check, also if desired a bell to ring at each withdrawal of a ticket.
The mode of action is as follows:
The tape of tickets being coiled away zig-zag fashion, as in ordinary omnibus
tickets, or on a reel if desired, it is placed in the box with the first ticket projecting
through the slit, and the indicator set to the number of that ticket, or if the tickets
are not numbered to zero. A passenger gets in, the guard pulls at the ticket-the
rollers by the friction revolve, the scissors cut the ticket off, and the indicator
indicates one. The spring draws the scissors back, the rollers revolve one third of
a revolution, and another ticket is left projecting. When the tape of tickets is
nearly or quite done, the guard leaves the box at the office and takes another.
The clerks then unlock the box put a fresh tape in, lock it and deliver it to the
guard for a fresh use. Each box can contain several tapes, each in a separate
division, (one penny, one twopenny, one threepenny et cetera), or separate boxes
could be used for each denomination.
IMPROVEMENTS IN STORAGE BATTERIES OR ELECTRIC Accu- MULATORS
Year: 1883

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Henry Johnson at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 6th February 1883. Communicated
to me from James Alvysius Maloney a person resident at the City of
Washington, a Territory of the United States of America Lawyer and
Electrician.
"
JOHN HENRY JOHNSON of 47 Lincolns Inn Fields in the County of Middlesex,
Gentleman, "IMPROVEMENTS IN STORAGE BATTERIES OR ELECTRIC Accu-
MULATORS a communication to me from James Alvysius Maloney a person
resident at the City of Washington, a territory of the United States of America,
Lawyer and Electrician.
This Invention relates to Storage Batteries or Electric Accumulators and has for
its object to enable plates of less weight to be used than those hitherto necessary,
the plates made according to this Invention requiring no mechanical coating or
absorptive substances upon their surfaces as is the case with the metallic plates
hitherto used in Storage Batteries or Electric accumulators.
According to this Invention a battery Jar is provided formed of any insulating
material, containing a porous plate, formed of black oxide of Manganese, and a
second plate formed of carbon, the said plates having connections with binding
posts attached to the cover.
The liquid into which these plates are submerged consists of dilute sulphuric
acid containing an ammoniacal salt or other ammoniacal compound in solution, or
water with an ammoniacal salt or other ammoniacal compound in solution.
Such ammoniacal substances as oxalate, or carbonate of Ammonia is preferred,
but the invention is not confined to any particular ammoniacal salt or substance.
The carbon plates may be formed of carbonized cocoanut shells or boxwood, as
these forms of charcoal or carbon are noted for their absorptive powers of
ammoniacal gases.
In these improved Storage Batteries or Electric Accumulators the great weight
consequent upon the use of metallic plates is dispensed with
As the plates in the said improved Storage Batteries are not coated as leaden or
other metallic plates are in the form of Storage Battery hitherto in use, they can
Danion 077

page_text: be carried about and handled-as well as be subjected to the vibrations and jarring
of railway trains as there are no coatings to wash off. The distinguishing features
of the improved form of battery are.
The use of plates which are in themselves absorbents of electric energy, generated
by electrolysis instead of using mechanical coatings for such absorbent. The use
of one plate of black oxide of manganese, and another of carbon in a liquid in
which an ammoniacal salt or other ammoniacal substance is held in solution. The
use of plates in such Batteries formed of carbonized cocoa-nut shells or boxwood.
IMPROVEMENTS IN COAL CUTTING MACHINERY
Year: 1883

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Constantine Fawcett and
Francis Henry Stubbs at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the
22nd February 1883.
THOMAS CONSTANTINE FAWCETT and FRANCIS HENRY STUBBS both of Leeds
in the county of York "IMPROVEMENTS IN COAL CUTTING MACHINERY
"
The principal feature of our invention consists in the use of a serrated bar
working in grooves to the end of which bar the cutters are fixed.
The bar is impelled by means of a swinging hammer which strikes against a
sliding catch or pawl the said catch being in gear with the serrated bar.
The operator rises the haminer and strikes the pawl which drives the cutters
forward and as soon as they have penetrated the coal to the extent of one notch
the pawl is pulled back into the succeeding notch either by hand or by levers
actuated by the hammer shank.
The machine is placed upon rails and is moved laterally by means of a chain.
and barrel.
The cutters may be made movable so as to open out being retained by a
wedge until the cutting is finished when the wedge being removed the cutters will
approach each other and facilitate the withdrawal of the bar.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MEANS FOR SECURING GAS RETORT LIDS, COVERS OR DOORS
Year: 1883

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Edward Newton at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 6th February 1883. Communicated to
him from abroad by August Klönne, Engineer, of Dortmund in the Empire of
Germany.
HENRY EDWARD NEWTON of the Office for Patents 66 Chancery Lane in the
County of Middlesex Civil Engineer "IMPROVEMENTS IN MEANS FOR SECURING
GAS RETORT LIDS, COVERS OR DOORS" [communicated to him from abroad by
August Klönne, Engineer, of Dortmund in the Empire of Germany.]
This Invention relates to the means used for the purpose of securing the lids or
doors to the mouth pieces of gas retorts.
In carrying out this Invention the face of the mouthpiece is turned, planed, or
otherwise surfaced, and the lid which is of a concavo-convex form with a flange all
round is also turned up.
In order to effect a sound sealing of the mouthpiece of the retort with great
facility, the lid is provided in the centre with a pair of lugs through which it is
fixed to a cross bar by a vertical excentric pin or bolt. The cross bar is forked on
one end and is hinged at one side of the mouth piece to a bracket projecting there-
from. This bracket is formed with a socket in which works an excentric joint pin
or bolt to which the cross bar is pivotted. The excentric joint pin or bolt is
capable of being rotated by a handle. A support is cast on the other side of the
mouthpiece and upon it the free end of the cross bar is intended to rest when the
lid is secured. A catch is pivotted to the support in any convenient manner.
When it is desired to secure the lid, the cross bar is thrown against the catch
which drops over it and the cross bar is secured. Then by moving the excentric
pin by means of the lever the lid is pressed towards the mouthpiece and a
perfectly gas tight joint is the result.
In order to loosen the lid, the excentric pin must again be brought out of action
by moving the lever backwards. After this is done a knock with the shovel or
some other instrument on the catch will raise it, and cause a tail piece with which
it is provided to push out the cross bar and loosen the lid,
AN IMPROVED SCREW BOLT AND NUT FOR BEDSTEADS AND THE LIKE
Year: 1883

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alfred Julius Boult at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 12th November 1883. A communication
from Boitiat-Bernot & fils of Pouilly-sur-Loire, in the Republic of France
ALFRED JULIUS BOULT, of 323 High Holborn, in the County of Middlesex
Engineer, "AN IMPROVED SCREW BOLT AND NUT FOR BEDSTEADS AND THE LIKE
[a communication from Boitiat-Bernot & fils of Pouilly-sur-Loire, in the Republic
of France]
73
This invention relates to an improved form of screw for fastening together the
parts of bedsteads and the like, and to a plate serving as a nut for said screw.
The body of the screw is cylindrical and has a round head of somewhat larger
diameter than the body. The head has holes in its periphery facilitating the
turning of the screw. At the end and for a suitable length a square coarse pitched
thread is cut into the body.
•
A device serving as a nut for the said screw is oblong in shape its upper part has
a raised flange standing at a right angle to the plate having holes for fixing the
device. At the lower part the plate has a longitudinal slot of suitable width and
forming an angle say of about 35° with the faces of the plate. The sharp corners
of the slot are taken off and the plate or nut can thus be secured to any required
portion of the bed and it will be seen that owing to the peculiar formation of the
nut and bolt, the parts can be separated and that one to which the nut is attached
lifted up out of the other, without removing either the bolt or nut, it being
sufficient merely to slacken the screw.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ELECTRIC ACCUMULATORS
Year: 1883

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Frederick Redfern at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 27th September 1883. A com-
munication from Dieudonné Lontin, a person resident at Paris, in the Republic
of France
GEORGE FREDERICK REDFERN, of the General Patent Office, N° 4, South Street,
Finsbury, in the County of Middlesex, Patent Agent, "IMPROVEMENTS IN
ELECTRIC ACCUMULATORS [a communication from Dieudonné Lontin, a person-
resident at Paris, in the Republic of France]
"
on the
This invention of improvements in electric accumulators is based
decomposition of alkaline salts by means of an electric current and in carrying out
this invention the accumulator is formed of one or several sheets of amalgamated
zinc opposed to sheets of lead. The whole is immersed in a solution of alkaline
salt through which is passed an electric current. The alkaline metal will deposit
in the mercury of the amalgamated zinc, and its oxygen will be carried to the lead
and will form a peroxyde of lead
With this charge the accumulator will give nearly four volts and is applicable to
all the purposes for which electricity is employed.
In order that the zinc plates may be furnished with a large quantity of mercury
the plates are constructed with uneven surfaces by any suitable means such as by
corrugating, stamping, sanding or doubling, or by employing a large number of
small strips formed either straight or at right angles, or otherwise, so that the zinc
plates may retain the greatest possible quantity of mercury.
The alkaline salts which it is proposed to employ are all those whose decom-
position allows the oxydation of the lead at the same time as the amalgamation of
the alkaline metal conserving at the same time the acid in the liquid. For
example bicarbonate of soda would not answer as in its decomposition the carbonic
acid would evaporate, but carbonate of soda answers well.

page_text: The salts which have been found to give good results are the following,
videlicet:-
Sulphates
Phosphates
Carbonates
of Potash
of Soda
Borates
Chlorates
Acetates
of Ammonia
These alkaline bases are decomposed by the action of an electric current and the
potassium, the sodium and the ammonium become amalgamated with the mercury
of the zinc of the accumulator, while the oxygen set free is brought on the lead,
forming peroxyde of lead, and the acid of the salt employed remains free.
5
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF EARTHENWARE OR PORCELAIN TILES COMMONLY KNOWN AS "DAIRY TILES
Year: 1883

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Maw at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 7th July 1883.
GEORGE MAW of Benthall Works Broseley in the County of Salop, Manufacturer
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF EARTHENWARE OR PORCELAIN TILES
COMMONLY KNOWN AS "DAIRY TILES."
This description of tile has hitherto been made with a plain flat surface affording
no relief to the eye and exposing any slight imperfections which may unavoidably
arise in the process of manufacture in the glazing or the burning. My Improve-
ment consists in cutting up the plain surface of such tiles by means of a decorative
treatment either in relievo or intaglio thus producing natural shadows upon the
surface.
I effect this either. by impressing the pattern upon the surface of the tile whilst
in a plastic condition from moulds dies or engraved plates or by hand moulding or
engraving or by moulding such tiles by the dust process out of pulverised clay.
The tile is then burnt and may be employed in a bisque state or it can be
enamelled if required by the process of glazing or enamelling the result being that
upon a white surface which is that most commonly employed for Dairy tiles the
ornamentation throwing natural shadows has the effect of a light greyish tinted
pattern upon a white ground
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS TO BE EMPLOYED IN SINKING SHAFTS OR PITS
Year: 1883

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alfred Julius Boult at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 23rd February 1883. a communication
from Idephonse Quinet and Arthur Denis both persons residing at Denain in
the Republic of France
ALFRED JULIUS BOULT of the firm of W. P. Thompson & Boult, Agents for
Foreign Patent Solicitors, .of 323 High Holborn in the County of Middlesex,
Engineer, "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS TO BE EMPLOYED IN SINKING SHAFTS
OR PITS," [a communication from Idephonse Quinet and Arthur Denis both persons
residing at Denain in the Republic of France]
This invention relates to improvements in the means or apparatus employed for
raising and lowering material in mines &c. and particularly for removing the
material that is broken down in sinking shafts.
According to this invention two movable frames are used which are attached to
the lowest guide-posts fixed in the shaft. These frames are suspended, each by
two ropes of suitable length running on rollers or sheaves the top roller or sheave
may conveniently be at a distance of from 20 to 30 metres from the bottom/one.
On one end the ropes carry each a counterweight that will suffice to balance the
apparatus.
When the rubbish is to be removed the engine is set in motion, one of the cages
is brought down and by its weight carries down one of the frames into that part
of the shaft where no guides have yet been put down. In passing on the frame
the cage causes a bell to sound as a warning for the operatives. These then fill
the corves and give a signal; the cage then rises and the framing acted upon by the
counterweight comes against the fixed guides and forms a continuous guide for the
ascending cage.
The second cage and second frame operate in the same manner and this is
continued till all the rubbish is cleared, When a certain depth has been sunk, say
10 to 12 meters, the materials for constructing the masonry and the guides are
lowered and gradually, as the masonry is built the wooden guides are erected, the
guides may be begun after the bottom of the system is reached leaving say 10
to 12 meters not laid down, so as to offer greater security.