Improvements in Magazine Small Arms.
Year: 1894

page_text: Date of Application, 8th June, 1894
Complete Specification Left, 6th Mar., 1895-Accented, 20th Apr., 1895
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Magazine Small Arms.
I, ARMAND MIEG of 24 Ecke Hirschgasse Heidelberg, Germany, Major
retired, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
This invention relates to a construction of mazagine small arms in which the
rearward acting force of the explosion on firing is made to effect the several
operations heretofore performed by the marksman, such as the opening of the
breech block with simultaneous ejection of the cartridge case, the cocking of the
firing pin, the introduction of a cartridge into the breech chamber from the magazine,
and the closing of the breech, so that the marksman has nothing to do but to fire
by means of the trigger so long as there are cartridges in the magazine.
The rearward acting force of the explosion which has heretofore been expended
uselessly in producing the objectionable recoil, is thus advantageously utilised, and
as, after the charging of the magazine, only the easy action on the trigger for
firing has to be effected, a more careful and accurate aiming and a quieter holding
of the weapon by the marksman, who is not tired out by muscular exertion, is
rendered possible.
The arrangement of mechanism for this purpose can be employed for all calibres
of small arms, so that not only pistols but also military rifles and sporting guns &c.
can be fitted therewith.
According to the particular description of small arm, the separate parts are
varied as to size and strength without changing the essential features of the
invention.
On the accompanying drawings the invention is shewn applied to a magazine
pistol, which can also be used as a single-fire weapon.
Figs. 1, 2 and 3 shew vertical sections of the lock mechanism in its different
positions; Figs. 4 to 19 shew details of the separate parts.
The pistol is composed of two main parts, namely the stock with the cocking
and firing appliances and the barrel with magazine case, and devices for the
automatic opening, loading and closing of the breech chamber. The barrel is
moveable in the stock and the entire lock mechanism is accessible on the removal
of the cover plate, and can be readily taken to pieces.
The barrel has, at about the middle of its length an enlargement Fig. 2
which affords to the hand a sufficient hold for pushing the barrel back for opening
the breech, and thus prevents the necessity of laying hold of the fore end of the
barrel. On firing, the rearward acting force causes the barrel with the magazine
and the breech block to effect a certain backward motion, thereby straining a
spring oo, that is fixed to a pin on the lever of the moveable part, and which
after the recoil has terminated, pushes the barrel forward again. The barrel is
screwed into the head of the case b, to the lower part of which the magazine is
screwed, or it might be formed in one therewith. The case b may have any desired
form, suited to the parts which it is to contain.
It is moveably carried in front in a head of the lock chamber and at the back in
a dovetail groove at the sides of the lock chamber: At top it is provided with an
opening which serves for the introduction of the cartridges and the ejection of the
cases, while at its lower side there are several differently formed openings, of
which one has the accurate configuration of a loaded cartridge, and opens into the
magazine so as to allow a cartridge to rise into it, as shewn at the plan Fig. 6.

page_text: The recesses Fig. 6 on each side in front of the magazine serve for locking
the breech block and the long slot serves as guide to the throwing lever S.
Another notch Z' into which takes the tooth Z of the firing bolt, is formed at
the end of the case b, where there is also formed the guide rib a³ of dovetail shape.
In the sides of the case bare grooves et c Figs. 6 and 7, which receive the guide
ribs of the breech block c Figs. 8 and 10.
The breech block c can slide easily in the longitudinal direction in the casing
and contains the firing bolt c. At its head is fixed the extractor c; at the sides
are the guide ribs cc-which-have-gaps.clc-near the head. These gaps coincide
accurately with the slots k' of the casing b, Fig. 6, and form, when the breech
block is closed, vertical passages in which the arms of the locking wedge k Fig. 9,
can slide vertically up and down, as indicated at Fig. 10. The guide rib on the
left side of the breech block c has another gap in which is a pin serving for the
connection of the firing bolt with the parts of the cocking device, and to which is
pivotted the throwing lever S.
C
The firing bolt is guided at its cylindrical part in the bore of the breech
block c.
It has at its rear end a button having a stud c and a tooth Z. The
stud c' receives the blow from the cock or striker h, whereby the firing bolt is
thrown forward for firing the cartridge, while the tooth Z serves to prevent a
premature throwing forward of the firing bolt and consequent premature discharge
during the forward motion of the breech block. At the last moment of the
forward motion of the breech block, the tooth Z strikes against the stud h²
on the hammer as shewn at Figs. 1 and 2. The firing bolt is thereby prevented
from moving farther forward with the breech block and is held in the position for
receiving the blow of the hammer,
The magazine chamber a a is rounded off at the front side and is embraced by
the forked locking wedge Fig. 9 so as to serve as guide for this in its up and
down motion.
The locking wedge effects the locking of the breech block by means of its two
arms, which, as before stated, slide up and down in the spaces c¹ c², and when
in their highest position prevent any backward motion of the breech block. The
requisite motion is imparted to the locking wedge at the proper times by means of
the lever Fig. 11, bearing upon the stud 3 Figs. 1 and 9. This lever has
three arms. Its longest arm i has a slot it into which takes the stud 3 and it has
also an overhanging beak, while the downward directed arm has a stud³
against which can bear, at a certain position of the lock device, a hook as shewn
at Fig. 4. The rear arm is of a curved form and has for its purpose either to
ensure the closure of the breech block at the last moment, if this should not
have already been completed, or to hold back the hammer so as to prevent the
firing of the cartridge. if owing to any circumstance the complete closure of the
breech cannot be effected.
The above described parts, namely the barrel and casing b, magazine a with
appendages, locking wedge k and locking lever i form a rigid whole, and partake
conjointly of the rear motion resulting from the rearward acting force on firing.
Figs. 5 and 7 shew this rigid combination of parts separately, while Fig. 4 shews
this combination together with the unlocking hook n and with the wedge k
lowered.
On the pivot pin of the locking lever i, which is fixed to the magazine case
is also mounted the connecting link q jointed to a two armed lever l.
The latter can turn upon a pivot pin fixed to the side of the lock case and
carries on its lower arm an unlocking hook n provided with a tail n', which book
can engage with the stud 3 of the locking lever i as at Fig. 4, and can be disengaged
therefrom by means of its tail n¹.
The two-armed lever / also has a hook 13 with which engages a spring o fixed
in the stock and by which the magazine case and the parts connected therewith
can be pushed forward.
The engagement of the hook n with the stud is ensured by a spring, the

page_text: former being made to slide over the latter as indicated at Fig. 2, while the release
of the hook is effected by the tail ¹ being made to slide over the axis g of the
trigger so as by its curved form to cause the hook n to be drawn off the stud ³,
as at Fig. 1.
On the pivot pin of the hook n is also mounted the carrier or anchor m, which
consequently participates in all the movements of the lower arm. As shewn at
Figs. 1 to 3, it has a peculiarly formed slot in which is a shoulder n', and it also
has a rounded beak m². Into the slot m takes a pin 3 on the throwing lever s
Fig. 1, which pin is seized either by one end of the slot or by the shoulder m¹.
The beak m² is in front of a pin s² and engages with this in such manner that by
the forward movement of the pin s² the carrier is raised and consequently the
shoulder m¹ is raised away from the pin s³.
The throwing lever s is pivotted to a pin s fixed on the side of the magazine.
Above and below the pivot the lever s carries the pins s³ and s² which are engaged
with the carrier m.
At the upper end the levers has an open slots, into which takes the pin 3 of
the breech block c, as shewn at Figs. 1 to 3. Owing to this slot, the lever can be
inserted from below into the casing b, in which it is accurately guided by working
in the slot 62 so as to be kept engaged with the pin c. By means of this throwing
lever the breech block e is carried backwards and forwards after each discharge
of the firearm, for the purpose of opening and closing the breech end of the
barrel, and allowing a cartridge to be introduced.
With the lever s is combined the cartridge loosener which is shewn separately
at Fig. 128, and at 12 in connection with the lever s, the loosener being so connected
to the lever as to be capable of oscillating to a small extent upon the pins, being
however maintained in the upward position by the springs, from which position
it can only turn slightly downwards.
•
It bears, when in the position Fig. 1, with its inner curved edge against a fixed
pin sa fixed on the cover of the lock case. By this pin it is pressed downwards
during its backward motion and, on escaping from this, is moved up again by its
spring, so that on the following forward motion its outer curved edge will bear
against the pin 8, and it will thus, on the throwing forward of the magazine,
receive a sudden jerk from the pin, which will be transmitted by the lever sto
the breech block and by this to the cartridge case. During the closing of the
breech block, the loosener & again passes below the pin s8.
For cocking the firearm the hammer h, shewn separate at Fig. 13, mounted loose
on the fixed pivot pin ', has on its upper part a handle and a curved segment
which is formed at the front end with a stud 2 and at the rear with two
notches 3 h. The lower part of the hammer is rounded and has a notch or
shoulder, above which is a hook that engages with a spring v. With the
shoulder can engage the beak of the sear t 12 mounted on the pin g, the tail t²
of which is curved, such curved end being situated directly above the pawl *
pivotted to the trigger t³, and held in position by a spring.
By actuating the trigger bar 5, the pawl is made to release the sear from the
shoulder of the hammer, the spring action of the pawl then allowing of the free
action of the parts. On the release of the trigger bar, the pawl is moved back
nto its original position.
For securing the firearm against premature opening or closing of the breech
lock, the pin 3 of the wedge works in a trapezoidal groove shewn at Fig. 14,
ormed in the side of the lock casing, so that the unlocking cannot take place until
he breech block has really completed the required movement; in like manner also
premature closing of the breech block cannot take place. For insuring against
premature forward motion of the hammer, a safety lever p with a loop or other
haped trigger på is provided, projecting out of the stock, as shewn separately
t Fig. 15. A spring 9 presses on the safety lever so that its arm p engages
ith the stud p² in one of the notches h³ or * of the hammer segment so long as
he trigger på is not held back. This engagement occurs in all positions of the

page_text: hammer when the trigger is not acted upon, whether the hammer is cocked or not..
The firearm can therefore be neither loaded nor fired without previously releasing
the safety device.
There is a second safety device which is put in and out of action in combination
with that above described, and which prevents the striking bolt from being
prematurely thrown forward by an accidental blow:
When the hammer is cocked, the stud 2 of the front segment is raised to such
a height as to be in front of the tooth Z of the striking bolt head, thus preventing
it from further forward motion, as shewn at Fig. 1. The stud 2 is held in position
by the safety lever p which holds the rear segment of the hammer.
In place of this continuously-acting-safety device may also be employed a
temporarily acting one, actuated by hand.
On one side of the lock there is an external safety lever Fig. 18 which is
fixed to an eccentric pin situated within the lock chamber.
The piu p has such a position that the notches h³ h of the rear hammer segment
move over it and that, when turned into the safety position, it engages with these
notches.
Fig. 16 shews this safety device with the hammer cocked, and Fig. 17 with
the hammer uncocked, while Fig. 18 shews the safety lever and crank pin
separately.
The combined action of the above described mechanism is as follows:-
Fig. 1 shews the parts in the relative position when the firearm is loaded and
ready for firing.
C
The breech block is pressed tight against the breech chamber of the barrel,
the wedge is in its highest position and locks the breech block. The hammer /
is cocked and is held by the safety lever p, engaged in the notch ³; the stud h²
of its front segment is in front of the tooth Z of the breech block head. The spring
pawl of the trigger is situated directly under the curved arm 2 of the sear t¹ t
which has its end t engaged with the shoulder h³ of the hammer, thus holding
the spring in the strained position.
The pushing lever I has its lower end in such a backward position that the slot
of the carrier in butts with its end against the pin 3 while the locking lever i has
assumed approximately a horizontal position.
On firing, the rearward acting force of the explosion causes the barrel the
magazine and the other parts of the rigid combination to be forced backward; this
is the position shewn at Fig. 2. The casing 6 then strikes against the head of the
hammer, and forces it back into the cocked position in which it is at once secured.
The link forces the lever into the opposite position, by which the spring
is strained. The unlocking book n is forced in front of the stud 3 of the lower
arm of the locking lever i aud the carrier is moved so far forward that the
beak m² is situated above the pin 2 and the shoulder m' passes over the pin 3,
which now comes in contact with the other end of the slot. The cartridge
loosener has been bent down by the pin 8 and has passed behind the same.
As soon as the rearward action of the explosive force ceases, the bent spring oo
drives the magazine with all the other parts back into the original position, causing
the lever to be raised and the link g to be pushed back.
The unlocking hook n is held by the spring fin front of the stud and bears
with its curved end upon the pin g. On the forward motion of the magazine
this hook n holds back the arm and causes this to turn upon its pin whereby
the lever i and the wedge are moved downwards, unlocking the breech block
(Fig. 4). At the same time, by the turning of the lever on its pin and by
the sliding off of the tail n' from the pin g, the disengagement of the hook n from
the stud 23 is effected and the carrier m is drawn back, after having become engaged
with its shoulder m' against the pin s³.
By this means it moves the throwers so far backwards that the breech block
is drawn back after the cartridge loosener has effected its jerking action upon the
latter. On the receding of the breech block the cartridge case is extracted from

page_text: the breech chamber by the extractor and is thrown out through the opening of
the casing b, so that a fresh cartridge can be raised up from the magazine by its
spring and be placed in front of the breech block. The relative position of the
several parts is now that shewn at Fig. 3.
The forward motion of the magazine is continued until the position shewn at
Fig. 1 is reached. In this period of movement the carrier is allowed to move
farther back by the raising of the shoulder m' from off the pin by the action
of the beak m².
The latter causes the breech block to be moved forward by acting on the pin $2
of the throwing lever s. By this forward motion of the magazine also, the beak 6
of the breech locking lever i is brought against the pin on the side of the lock
chamber and is pushed upward by this, so that the wedge k is made to effect the
locking of the breech block.
The cartridge loosener has again passed behind the pins. The parts now
assume the position at Fig. 1, and the firearm is ready for another discharge.
All the parts are so adjusted that the separate movements can take place in the
proper sequence and at the proper times.
In order to be able to remove the remaining cartridges in the magazine, the
breech block is opened by forcing the barrel, together with the parts fixed thereto,
backward by hand. Every time this is done, the cartridge which has been previously
pushed into the breech chamber will be thrown out, so that on repeating the
said pushing back a sufficient number of times all the cartridges will be thrown out.
The same action is effected for charging the gun by hand for single fire; for
this purpose, after foreing back the barrel so as to open the breech, a cartridge
is introduced and the barrel being then freed by the hand, the breech is auto-
matically closed.
The breech block is during this action locked in the open position, by a locking
device which, for example may consist according to Fig. 5 of a lever with two
knobs and a spring 3. The knob 2 has a pin which enters through the
lock casing band engages with a recess in the guide rib of the breech block; by
this means it prevents a forward motion of the breech block. For closing the
breech block, the finger is pressed upon the knob a¹ of the lever so as to withdraw
the locking pin at 2, whereupon the breech block is at once forced forward again
by the spring action, and the firearm is ready for firing.
For indicating to the marksman that the magazine is empty, a projection on the
plate of the magazine on which the cartridges rest, is, on the opening of the breech
after the last round has been fired, caused by the spring action to project into the
cartridge chamber of in front of the breech bolt, thereby holding this back,
until the plate is pressed down again either by hand or by the introduction of fresh
cartridges into the magazine.
In place of the flat spring oo which is strained on firing and then imparts motion
to the lock mechanism, a helical spring may be used in various ways.
Thus it may
be disconnected from the other lock mechanism and simply be made to bear against
the rear end of the magazine, or it may be connected with the pushing link q;
or again the arrangement shewn at Fig. 19 may be used, in which a helical spring w
surrounds the front end of the barrel r, against a collar on which the front end
of the spring bears, while its rear end bears against a ring 72 fixed within the
barrel casing, so that on the backward motion of the barrel within the fixed casing,
the spring will be compressed.
Dated this 8th day of June 1894.
ABEL & IMRAY,
Agents for the Applicant..

page_text: I, ARMAND MIEG, of 24 Ecke Hirschgasse Heidelberg, Germany, Major
retired, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the
same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement :-
This invention relates to a construction of magazine small arms in which the
rearward acting force of the explosion-ou firing is made to effect the several
operations heretofore performed by the marksman, such as the opening of the
breech block with simultaneous ejection of the cartridge case, the cocking of the
firing pin the introduction of a cartridge into the breech chamber from the magazine,
and the closing of the breech, so that the marksman has nothing to do but to fire
by means of the trigger so long as there are cartridges in the magazine.
The rearward acting force of the explosion which has heretofore been expended
uselessly in producing the objectionable recoil, is thus advantageously utilised, and
as, after the charging of the magazine, only the easy action on the trigger for
firing has to be effected, more careful and accurate aiming and a quieter holding
of the weapon by the marksman who is not tired out by muscular exertion, is
rendered possible.
The arrangement of mechanism for this purpose can be employed for all sizes of
small arms, so that not only pistols but also military rifles and sporting guns &c.
can be fitted therewith.
According to the particular description of small arm, the separate parts are
varied as to size and strength without changing the essential features of the
invention.
In the drawings accompanying the Provisional Specification the invention is
shewn applied to a magazine pistol which can also be used as a single fire weapon.
Figs. 1, 2 and 3 shew vertical sections of the lock mechanism in its different
positions. Figs. 4 to 19 shew details of the separate parts.
The pistol is composed of two main parts namely the stock with the cocking and
firing appliances and the barrel with magazine case, and devices for the automatic
opening charging and closing of the breech chamber. The barrel is moveable in
the stock and the entire lock mechanism is accessible on the removal of the cover
plate and can be readily taken to pieces.
The barrel has, at about the middle of its length an enlargement Fig. 2
which affords to the hand a sufficient hold for pushing the barrel back for opening
the breech, and thus prevents the necessity of laying hold of the fore end of the
barrel. On firing, the rearward acting force causes the barrel with the magazine
and the breech block to effect a certain backward motion, thereby straining a
spring oo, that is fixed to a pin on the lever of the moveable part, and which
after the recoil has terminated, pushes the barrel forward again. The barrel is
screwed into the head of the case b, to the lower part of which the magazine is
screwed, or it might be formed in one therewith The case 6 may have any desired
form, suited to the parts which it is to contain.
It is moveably carried in front in a head of the back chamber and at the back in
a dovetail groove at the sides of the lock chamber. At top it is provided with au
opening which serves for the introduction of the cartridges and the ejection of the
cases, while at its lower side there are several differently formed openings, of which
one has the accurate configuration of a loaded cartridge, and opens into the
magazine so as to allow a cartridge to rise into it, as shewn at the plan Fig. 6.
The recesses kk2 Fig. 6 on each side in front of the magazine serve for locking
the breech block and the long slot b² serves as guide to the throwing lever S.
Another notch Z' into which takes the tooth Z of the firing bolt, is formed at

page_text: the end of the case b, where there is also formed the guide rib as of dovetail shape.
In the sides of the case bare grooves cf cf Figs. 6 and 7, which receive the guide
ribs of the breech block c Figs. 8 and 10.
The breech block c can slide easily in the longitudinal direction in the casing and
contains the firing bolt c. At its head is fixed the extractor ; at the sides are
the guide ribs ce which have gaps c¹ c² near the head. These gaps coincide accurately
with the slots of the casing Fig. 6, and form, when the breech block is
closed, vertical passages in which the arms of the locking wedge k Fig. 9, can
slide vertically up and down, as indicated at Fig. 10. The guide rib on the left
side of the breech block c has another gap in which is a pin serving for the
connection of the firing bolt with the parts of the cocking device, and to which is
pivotted the throwing lever S.
The firing bolt is guided at its cylindrical part in the bore of the breech
block c.
It has at its rear end a button having a stud c' and a tooth Z. The
stud creceives the blow from the cock or striker, whereby the firing bolt is
thrown forward for firing the cartridge, while the tooth Z serves to prevent a
premature throwing forward of the firing bolt and consequent premature discharge
during the forward motion of the breech block. At the last moment of the forward
motion of the breech block, the tooth Z strikes against the stud /² on the hammer
as shewn at Figs. 1 and 2. The firing bolt is thereby prevented from moving
farther forward with the breech block and is held in the position for receiving the
blow of the hammer.
The magazine chamber a a is rounded off at the front side and is embraced by
the forked locking wedge k Fig. 9 so as to serve as guide for this in its up and
down motion.
The locking wedge effects the locking of the breech block by means of its two
arms which as before stated, slide up and down in the spaces c¹², and when
in their highest position prevent any backward motion of the breech block. The
requisite motion is imparted to the locking wedge at the proper times by means of
the lever Fig. 11, bearing upon the stud ³ Figs. 1 and 9. This lever has three
arms. Its longest armi has a slot into which takes the stud k³ and it has also an
overhanging beak while the downward directed arm has a stud against which
can bear, at a certain position of the lock device, a hook n as shewn at Fig. 4.
The rear arm 1 is of a curved form and has for its purpose either.to insure the
closure of the breech block at the last moment, if this should not have already been
completed, or to hold back the hammer so as to prevent the firing of the cartridge,
if owing to any circumstance the complete closure of the breech cannot be effected..
The above described parts, namely the barrel and casing, magazine a with
appendages, locking wedge and locking lever i-form a rigid whole, and partake
conjointly of the rear motion resulting from the rearward acting force on firing..
Figs. 5 and 7 shew this rigid combination of parts separately, while Fig. 4
shews the combination together with the unlocking hook n and with the wedge k
lowered.
On the pivot pin of the locking lever i, which is fixed to the magazine case is.
also mounted the connecting link g jointed to a two armed lever l.
The latter can turn upon a pivot pin fixed to the side of the lock case and
carries on its lower arm an unlocking hook n provided with a tail a', which hook
can engage with the stud of the locking lever ? as at Fig. 4 and can be disengaged.
therefrom by means of its tail a¹.
The two armed lever I also has a hook with which engages a spring o fixed in
the stock and by which the magazine case and the parts connected therewith can
be pushed forward.
The engagement of the hook n with the stud is ensured by a spring, the
former being made to slide over the latter as indicated at Fig. 2, while the release
of the hook is effected by the tail being made to slide over the axis g of the
trigger t so as by its curved form to cause the hook n to be drawn off the stud i³).
as at Fig. 1.

page_text: On the pivot pin of the hook n is also mounted the carrier or anchor m, which
consequently participates in all the movements of the lower arm. As shewn at
Figs. 1 to 3, it has a peculiarly formed slot in which is a shoulder m¹ and it also
has a rounded beak m². Into the slot m takes a pin on the throwing lever s
Fig. 1, which pin is seized either by one end of the slot or by the shoulder m'.
The beak m² is in front of a pin s² and engages with this in such manner that by
the forward movement of the pin the carrier is raised and consequently the
shoulder m' is raised away from the pin s³.
The throwing levers is pivotted on a pin s fixed on the side of the magazine.
Above and below the pirot the lever s carries the pins s³ and s² which are engaged
with the carrier m.
=-
At the upper end the levers has an open slot into which takes the pin cof
the breech block c as shewn at Figs. 1 to 3. Owing to this slot the lever can be,
inserted from below into the casing b, in which it is accurately guided by working
in the slot b² so as to be kept engaged with the pin c³. By means of this throwing
levers the breech block c is carried backwards and forwards after each discharge
of the firearm, for the purpose of opening and closing the breech end of the barrel
and allowing a cartridge to be introduced.
With the levers is combined the cartridge loosener s which is shewn separately
at Fig. 12 and at Fig. 12 in connection with the lever s, the loosener being so
connected to the lever as to be capable of oscillating to a small extent upon the
pin being however maintained in the upward position by the spring s², from
which position it can only turn slightly downwards.
It bears when in the position Fig. 1, with its inner curved edge against a fixed
pin fixed on the cover of the lock case. By this pin it is pressed downwards
during its backward motion and, on escaping from this, is moved up again by its
spring, so that on the following forward motion its outer curved edge will bear
against the pins and it will thus, on the throwing forward of the magazine receive
a sudden jerk from the pin, which will be transmitted by the levers to the breech
block and by this to the cartridge case. During the closing of the breech block,
the loosener s again passes below the pin 8.
For cocking the firearm the hammer shown separate at Fig. 13, mounted
loose on the fixed pivot pin ', has on its upper part a handle and a curved segment
which is formed at the front end with a stud 2 and at the rear with two
notches 3 h. The lower part of the hammer is rounded and has a notch or
shoulder, above which is a hook that engages with a spring v.
shoulder can engage the beak of the sear t' t mounted on the pin g, the tail t2 of
which is curved, such curved end being situated directly above the pawl (4 pivotted
to the trigger 3, and held in position by a spring.
With the
By actuating the trigger bar to, the pawl t is made to release the sear from the
shoulder of the hammer, the spring action of the pawl then allowing of the free
action of the parts. On the release of the trigger bar, the pawl is moved back into
its original position.
For securing the firearm against premature opening or closing of the breech
block, the pin of the wedge works in a trapezoidal groove shewn at Fig. 14,
formed in the side of the lock casing, so that the unlocking cannot take place until
the breech block has really completed the required movement, in like manner also
a premature closing of the breech block cannot take place. For ensuring against
a premature forward motion of the hammer, a safety lever p with a loop or other
shaped trigger 7.3 is provided, projecting out of the stock, as shewn separately at
Fig. 15. A spring presses on the safety lever so that its arm p engages with
the stud p² in one of the notches or of the hammer segment so long as the
trigger på is not held back. This engagement occurs in all positions of the hammer
when the trigger is not acted upon, whether the hammer is cocked or not. The
fire arm can therefore be neither loaded nor fired without previously releasing the
safety device.
There is a second safety device which is put in and out of action in combination

page_text: with that above described, and which prevents the striking bolt from being
prematurely thrown forward by an accidental blow.
When the hammer is cocked, the stud h² of the front segment is raised to such a
height as to be in front of the tooth Z of the striking bolt head, thus preventing it
from further forward notion, as shewn at Fig. 1. The stud is held in position
by the safety lever p which holds the rear segment of the haminer.
In place of this continuously acting safety device may also be employed a
temporarily acting one, actuated by hand.
On one side of the lock there is an external safety lever * Fig. 18 which is
fixed to an eccentric pin situated within the lock chamber.
The pin phas such a position that the notches 3* of the rear hammer segment
move over it and that, when turned into the safety position, it engages with these
notches.
.
Fig. 16 shews this safety device with the hammer cocked, and Fig. 17 with the
hammer uncocked, while Fig. 18 shews the safety lever and crank pin separately.
The combined action of the above described mechanism is as follows:-
Fig. 1 shews the parts in the relative position when the firearm is loaded and
ready for firing.
The breech block c is pressed tight against the breech chamber of the barrel, the
wedge is in its highest position and locks the breech block. The hammer h is
cocked and is held by the safety lever p, engaged in the notch h³, the stud h² of
its front segment is in front of the tooth Z of the firing pin head. The spring
pawl t of the trigger is situated directly under the curved arm 2 of the sear t¹².
which has its end t engaged with the shoulder h of the hammer, thus holding the
spring in the strained position.
The pushing lever has its lower end in such a backward position that the slot
of the carrier m butts with its end against the pin 3 while the locking lever i has
assumed approximately a horizontal position.
On firing, the rearward acting force of the explosion causes the barrel the
magazine and the other parts of the rigid combination to be forced backward; this
is the position shewn at Fig. 2. The casing 6 then strikes against the head of the
hammer, and forces it back into the cocked position in which it is at once secured.
The link forces the lever into the opposite position, by which the spring o is
strained. The unlocking hook n is forced in front of the stud 3 of the lower arm
of the locking lever i and the carrier is moved so far forward that the beak m² is
situated above the pin s and the shoulder m¹ passes over the pin ³, which now
comes in contact with the other end of the slot. The cartridge loosener 8º 86 has
been bent down by the pin s8 and has passed behind the same. As soon as the
rearward action of the explosive force ceases, the bent spring o o drives the
magazine with all the other parts back into the original position, causing the lever /
to be raised and the link g to be pushed back.
The unlocking hook n is held by the spring in front of the stud 23 and bears
with its curved end n' upon the pin g. On the forward motion of the magazine
this hook n holds back the arm 2 and causes this to turn upon its pin i¹ whereby
the lever and the wedge k are moved downwards, unlocking the breech block
(Fig. 4). At the same time, by the turning of the lever 1 on its pin h¹ and by the
sliding off of the tail n' from the pin g, the disengagement of the hook n from the
stud 13 is effected and the carrier m is drawn back, after having become engaged
with its shoulder m' against the pin s³.
By this means it moves the thrower s so far backwards that the breech block is
drawn back after the cartridge loosener has effected its jerking action upon the
latter. On the receding of the breech block the cartridge case is extracted from
the breech chamber by the extractor and is thrown out through the opening of the
casing b, so that a fresh cartridge can be raised up from the magazine by its spring
and be placed in front of the breech block. The relative position of the several
parts is now that shewn at Fig. 3.

page_text: The forward motion of the magazine is continued until the position shewn at
Fig. 1 is reached. In this period of movement the carrier is allowed to move
farther back by the raising of the shoulder m' from off the pin s³ by the action of
the beak m³.
The latter causes the breech block to be moved forward by acting on the pin s
of the throwing lever s. By this forward motion of the magazine also, the beak i
of the breech locking lever i is brought against the pin on the side of the lock
chamber and is pushed upward by this so that the wedge k is made to effect the
locking of the breech block.
The cartridge loosener has again passed behind the pin 58. The parts now
assume the position at Fig. 1, and the firearm is ready for another discharge.
All the parts are so adjusted that the separate movements can take place in the
proper sequence and at the proper times.
In order to be able to remove the remaining cartridges in the magazine, the
breech block is opened by forcing the barrel, together with the parts fixed thereto,
backward by hand. Every time this is done, the cartridge which has been
previously pushed into the breech chamber will be thrown out, so that on repeating
the said pushing back a sufficient number of times all the cartridges will be
thrown out.
The same action is effected for charging the gun by hand for single fire; for
this purpose after forcing back the barrel so as to open the breech, a cartridge is
introduced and the barrel being then freed by the hand the breech is automatically
closed.
The breech block is during this action locked in the open position, by a locking
device which, for example may consist according to Fig. 5 of a lever with two
knobs and a spring. The knob a has a pin which enters through the lock
casing and engages with a recess in the guide rib of the breech block; by this
means it prevents a forward motion of the breech block. For closing the breech
block, the finger is pressed upon the knob a¹ of the lever so as to withdraw the
locking pin at 2, whereupon the breech block is at once forced forward again by the
spring action, and the firearm is ready for firing.
For indicating to the marksman that the magazine is empty, a projection on the
plate of the magazine on which the cartridges rest, is, on the opening of the breech
after the last round has been fired, caused by the spring action to project into the
cartridge chamber of b in front of the breech bolt; thereby holding this back until
the plate is pressed down again either by hand or by the introduction of fresh
cartridges into the magazine.
In place of the flat spring oo which is strained on firing and then imparts motion
to the lock mechanism, a helical spring may be used in various ways. Thus it
may be disconnected from the other lock mechanisin and simply be made to bear
against the rear end of the magazine, or it may be connected with the pushing
link 9; or again the arrangement shewn at Fig. 19 may be used, in which a helical
spring w surrounds the front end of the barrel r, against a collar on which the
front end of the spring bears, while its rear end bears against a ring ² fixed within
the barrel casing, so that on the backward motion of the barrel within the fixed
casing, the spring will be compressed.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is -
:―
1. An automatic fire arm having its cylindrical breech block c, magazine a and
barrel held firmly together by the two arms of the wedge k engaged in two
gaps cc of the breech block by the action of a locking lever i operated by the
movement of the connected parts substantially as and for the purpose set forth.
2. The locking lever i having an arm provided with a boss (Fig. 11) adapted
to be engaged by the recoil, with the hook n operated by the pushing lever l, and

page_text: to be held back when the breech block and parts connected to it again moving
forward cause the rotation of the lever and depression of the wedge k thus opening
the breech substantially as described.
3. The arm of the lever i bent backward to prevent premature impact upon
the firing pin and to effect sure locking of the wedge at the last moment the front
segment 2 of the hammer then striking the arm and thus raising the wedge k.
4. The thrower s arranged to move the breech block c to and fro and caused to
oscillate by the movement of the breech block and connected part by means of the
carrier m its notch m' and its nose m² substantially as described.
13
5. The rod q actuated by the pushing lever 7 and its part during the recoil to
strain the spring o so that when the gas pressure is relieved the breech block and
connected parts are again moved forward by the spring acting through the
parts 12g substantially as described.
6. The carrier in arranged on the lower arm of the pushing lever / substantially
as and for the purpose set forth.
7. The guide fillet a³ on the casing for suitably guiding the breech block and
connected parts and cocking the hammer during recoil substantially as described.
8. For closing the breech the fixed pin arranged to be struck by the oblique
faced nose of the locking lever i substantially as described.
9. The cartridge loosener on the thrower s consisting of an arm & linked to the
thrower and moveable flexibly downward but rigidly upwards sliding round the
fixed pins during recoil and thrown against it during advance of the breech block
and parts so that the shock of the impact is transmitted to the thrower s or to the
breech block e substantially as described.
10. For preventing premature opening and closing of the breech guiding the
pin of the wedge k in a trapezoidal or equivalent recess limiting the extent of its
movement substantially as described.
11. The boss * on the front segment of the hammer / arranged to be struck by
the downwardly projecting tooth Z of the striking pin when the breech block
advances, the striking pin being thus prevented from prematurely shooting forward
during the advance of the breech block, and being loosened in case of jamming
substantially as described.
•
12. The automatic safety lever p which locks the hammer and disengages itself
automatically when the fire arm is held in the position for firing but engages again
when the fire arm is laid down substantially as described.
13. The modification wherein safety device is non automatic consisting in a pin p*
mounted eccentrically to the safety piece p* and adapted by the turning over of
the pin to engage in the recesses ³h of the rear segment of the hammer
substantially as described.
14. The long flat double spring in the stock having one arm arranged to drive
forward the breech block and connected parts, the other arm serves to throw
forwards the hammer substantially as described.
15. The collar on the barrel r serving as a handle for cocking and opening the
lock mechanism by band substantially as described.
Dated this 22nd day of February 1895.
ABEL & IMRAY,
Agents for Applicant.