Year: 1889

page_text: Date of Application, 10th July, 1889-Accepted, 31st Aug., 1889
Figures 4, 5 and 6 are a longitudinal section and a front and rear view respectively
of a hammer, in which the handle is fixed by means of interposed leather discs so as to
obviate any injurious jar being caused by the blow.
Figures 7, 8 and 9 are sections of a handle having a covering of wood instead of
leather.
Figures 10 and 11 show a modification of the arrangement represented in
Figures 7 to 9.
In the hammer illustrated in Figure 1 the handle is formed of an iron, steel or
other metal rod a which has a head h at its rear end and is formed with a screw
thread 6 at the front end. Upon this screw-threaded part are screwed nuts c and d,
an iron washer e being placed behind the nut c.
.
Upon the rod a are first slid perforated leather discs which are pressed together
as forcibly as possible through the medium of the nut c and washer e. After this
operation the hammer head fis placed on the said rod, and is firmly secured thereon
by means of the nut d. As this connection of the hammer head with the rod is
absolutely rigid, the former can never fly suddenly from the rod, and should the nut d
become loose it can readily be screwed tight again. If by long-continued hammering
the iron changes its structure and breaks through brittleness, as many leather discs
are removed from behind the washer e as will correspond to the length of the piece
broken off, and the nut c with washer e is again screwed tight, so that the protruding
piece of the rod a will be long enough to receive the hammer head together with the
nut d for securing the latter.
The arrangement of the improved hammer illustrated in Figures 4 to 7 is sub-
stantially the same as that herein before described, but for mitigating the jars or
thrusts the part of the rod a which is within the hammer head is covered with leather
discs. The object of this leather covering is to preclude the direct transmission of the
hard blows which the hanımer head sustains to the rod a, the metal forming the latter
will not therefore easily become brittle and suddenly break.
In lieu of leather discs as shown in Figure 4, use can advantageously be made of
other strong but yielding material. It is advisable to employ for this purpose a more
yielding metal than iron, for example, lead, tin, copper, or alloys of two or more such
metals. The latter can then either be cast in a heated state between the handle and
rod, or pieces which have been cast previously can be inserted.

page_text: An advantage of the hammer represented in Figure 4 consists in that the rod a
does not present a head at the end of the haft, but has a screw-threaded part 1 for the
reception of a nut m. The hammer can therefore be composed by commencing either
with the end receiving the head, or with other end of the rod, and the leather discs
can be compressed with great power. For this purpose the said rod a can be passed
through the head after the washer e, nut c and leather disc i have been put upon its
screw-threaded part 6. Then the leather discs g', leather disc and washer k¹ are
slid upon the screw-threaded part b and the whole is screwed so tight by means of the
nut d that the aforesaid leather discs g' will be firmly pressed together in the head f.
As many perforated leather discs g are next placed upon the rod a as are necessary
for its length, the whole being then pressed together through the medium of the
washer wo and the nut m which is provided with holes n n to enable it to be turned.
When metallic pieces are inserted in lieu of the leather discs g', the operation may be
carried out in a similar manner. In the hammers represented in Figures 1 to 6 the
handle consists of leather discs which are slid upon a metal core and are subsequently
turned. Such a leather handle has special advantages over the ordinary wooden
handles. In the first place, the leather handle cannot crack and parts of the same are
not liable to come off as with wood. Of much greater importance is however the
peculiar condition of the surface of the leather, which will adhere much better to the
inner surface of the hand than wood: A leather handle can therefore be held with
considerably more safety than a wooden handle which in course of time becomes so
very smooth that it is liable to slip from the hand in the hammering. For heavy
forge-hammers which must be swung over the head, such a leather handle will for
example present considerable safety against the slipping away from the hand.
Where such advantages appear to be unnecessary a wooden handle may be
employed.
In Figures 7 to 9 is illustrated a hammer having a wooden handle. The hammer
head can be secured in the manner described with reference to Figures 1 to 6. The
core of the handle is flattened at its rear end as shown in Figure 9 in order to receive
the wooden pieces or scales t t at its two sides. In the composition or mounting of
this hammer it is necessary to commence at the haft end in order to enable the leather
discs g to be firmly secured. The object of these leather discs is the same as that
above explained with reference to Figure 1, that is to say, to permit the removal in
case the rod a breaks in the hammer head, of as many leather discs as will correspond
to the length of the piece broken off, so that the said hammer head can be secured
upon the uncovered front end of the rod a.
In this manner, if such breakage really
occurs, the hammer can at once be refitted for use.
Upon the flattened part r are fixed the wooden pieces or scales t t by means of
rivets ss and the ring y. Then the round nut p is screwed in its place and the
leather discs 9 are slid on. A washer e and a nut c, as shown in Figures 1 and 4
are employed for pressing the leather discs together. The hammer head is then fixed
in the manner hereinbefore described.
Figures 10 and 11 show a slight modification of the arrangement represented in
Figures 7 to 9, inasmuch as the nut p and the ring q are replaced by a collar u upon
the rod a. For the flattened portion r of the handle is moreover substituted a broad
spike which is driven into a slot of the haft t¹ and is fixed therein by means of
rivets ss. The composition or mounting of this hammer is commenced at the collar u
and it is immaterial which part of the handle is made first. The hammer head can be
fixed in any desired manner. By a combination of the specified modes of manu-
facture with each other, other forms or arrangements can be obtained which
however present less characteristic differences between each other than those above
described.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said Inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
*claim is :-
First. The fastening of the head of hammers hatchets axes and other tools to the

page_text: handle of the same through the medium of a nut or nuts held upon a screw-threaded
part of the said handle substantially as hereinbefore described and represented in
Figures 1 to 3.
Second. The fastening of the head of hammers, hatchets, axes and oth r tools to the
handle of the same through the medium of nut or nuts held upon a screw-threaded
part of the handle, leather discs being inserted between the aforesaid head and handle
for the purpose of mitigating the jar or reaction substantially as hereinbefore described
and represented in Figures 4 to 6.
Third. The fastening of the head of hammers, hatchets, axes and other tools, to the
handle of the same through the medium of a nut or nuts held upon a screw-threaded
part of the handle, a softer metal than iron or alloys of metals, cardboard, wood, or
the like, being cast or inserted substantially as hereinbefore described, and represented
in the accompanying drawing.
Fourth. The covering of the metallic handle of hammers, hatchets, axes, and other
tools, with leather discs which are slid upon the same and compressed, substantially as
hereinbefore described and represented in Figures 1 to 4.
HASELTINE, LAKE & Co.,
45, Southampton Buildings, London, W.C., Agents for the Applicant.