A METHOD OF APPLYING STEAN, WITHOUT PRESSURE, TO PANS, BOILERS COPPERS, STILLS, PIPES, AND MACHINERY, IN ORDER TO PRODUCE, TRANSMIT, AND REGULATE VARIOUS TEMPERATURES OF HEAT IN THE SEVERAL PRO- CESSES OF BOLLING, DISTILLING, EVAPORATING, INSPISSATING, DRYING, AND WARLING, AND ALSO TO PRODUCE POWER
Year: 1826

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, ABRAHAM
ROBERT LORENT, of Gottenburg, in the Kingdom of Sweden, Merchant, at pre-
sent residing in King Street, Cheapside, in the City of London, send greeting.
WHEREAS His most Excellent Majesty King George the Fourth, by
His Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date at
Westminster, the Nineteenth day of January, in the sixth year of His reign,
did, for Himself, His heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said
Abraham Robert Lorent, my exors, adñiors, and assigns, His especial
licence, full power, sole privilege and authority, that I, the said Abraham
Robert Lorent, my exors, adññors, and assigns, and every of them, by myself
and ourselves, or by my and our deputy or deputies, servants, or agents, or
such others as I, the said Abraham Robert Lorent, my exors, admors, or
assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and
at all times during the term of years therein expressed, should and lawfully
might make, use, exercise, and vend, within England, Wales, and the Town
of Berwick-upon-Tweed, and also in all His Majesty's Colonies and Plantations
abroad, my Invention of "A METHOD OF APPLYING STEAN, WITHOUT PRESSURE,
TO PANS, BOILERS, COPPERS, STILLS, PIPES, AND MACHINERY, IN ORDER TO PRODUCE,
TRANSMIT, AND REGULATE VARIOUS TEMPERATURES OF HEAT IN THE SEVERAL PRO-
CESSES OF BOLLING, DISTILLING, EVAPORATING, INSPISSATING, DRYING, AND WARLING,
AND ALSO TO PRODUCE POWER;" in which said Letters Patent is contained a
proviso obliging me, the said Abraham Robert Lorent, by an instrument
in writing under my hand and seal, particularly to describe and ascertain the

page_text: nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, and to cause the same to be enrolled in His Majesty's High
Court of Chancery within six calendar months next and immediately after
the date of the said recited Letters Patent, as in and by the said, reference
being thereunto had, will more fully and at large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
Abraham Robert Lorent, do hereby declare that the nature of my said
Invention, and the manner in which the same is to be performed, is
described and ascertained in the plan drawn in the margin of these presents,
and the following explanation thereof, that is to say:-
A represents a common steam boiler, but not requiring any safety valve, as
there is to be no pressure; this boiler, which may be constructed of thin plates,
admits of a variety of forms, and is to be supplied with water as convenience
will direct. B represents a pipe conducting the steam, which will be of the
common temperature of about two hundred and twelve degrees of Fahrenheit,
to C, which is a double pan, and the pipe reaches down to the lower part of
the outside pan; this double pan is set in brickwork over a fire-place, and by
means of a fire of either wood, coal, or coke, the outside pan, being heated to
the degree required, will gradually impart to the steam circulating between
the two pans the high degree of temperature necessary to boil or inspissato the
contents of the inner pan; all this is done without pressure, since the steam is
not confined, but, after a free circulation, is carried by the pipe D betwen another
similar double pan marked E, and, after operating there, is carried by the
pipe F to a further similar double pan, marked G, and by an additional pipe H
to a fourth similar double pan, marked J, and finally escapes into the air by
the pipe K. These successive pans E, G, and J, may thus be gradually
heated by the steam when once raised to a high temperature in the pan C, and
cocks may be attached to the bottoms of the outside pans in order to draw off
such water as may condense; but if the nature of the intended operations
requires the steam, after leaving the pan E, to be again heated and its
temperature increased, it may, without any accession of further aqueous
particles, be so heated, and the temperature increased, by means of a fire
placed under the pan G, or by means of a similar fire under any other set of
pans, and all this may be done without any pressure; and where I require
steam of a high temperature to be applied at a distance from the steam boiler,
either for the before-mentioned purposes or to produce power, and thereby to
work machinery, I heat the steam coming from the boiler at the ordinary
temperature of about two hundred and twelve degrees to such higher degree
of temperature as I desire, in a separate vessel or vessels, which I denominate

page_text: steam heaters, represented in the annexed Drawing by a Figure marked L,
and I set such steam heaters in a furnace or over a fire-place, and introduce
the steam from the boiler into these steam heaters by means of a pipe, repre-
sented in the said Drawing by the Figure M, in order, during the passage of
the steam through the steam heaters, to acquire the desired degree of tempera-
ture, and to convey the steam to where it is wanted by the pipe N, or by pipes
which may be otherwise disposed, allowing always to such heated steam a free
circulation and exit by any additional pipe when not wanted in the pipe N or
any such otherwise disposed pipes, so as to prevent any pressure; and in order
by thus applying steam without pressure to produce power, and thereby to
work machinery, I introduce the steam from the aforesaid heaters into a
cylinder under a piston, or into the cases or wheels of rotatory engines, by
means of the pipes herein-before described; and in this manner I cause such
machinery to operate; and I construct my steam heaters of various sizes,
shapes, and materials, according to the quantity and temperature of the steam
required, either in the shape of covered pans, cylinders, flat boxes, or pipes or
flues; and these, as well as the before-mentioned outside pans, I make of strong
metal, or of fire clay or cement, artificial or natural stone, containing, as best,
according as I find, such material to resist the action of the fire most
effectually; and I construct my inside pans or stills of very thin metal, which
is soon heated, and by the use of which there is a great saving, as well of
fuel as in the cost of vessels. Glass and other substances may also be used in
the construction of these inside pans or stills.
Having, by the means above described, produced heat of a high tempera-
ture exactly indicated by the thermometers, which I place where most con-
venient, I regulate such temperature by a proper management of the fire and
supply of steam from the first boiler, this depending as much on the quantity
as on the degree of temperature of the steam required, of which the gradual
increase, ccoling and renewing or heightening, without pressure, may by such
means be carried to a very great extent. And I also transmit, without pres-
sure, such temperatures of heat in the several processes of boiling, distilling,
evaporating, inspissating, drying, and warming, by such pipes and means as
are usually employed in those processes, and I protect the pipes, when neces-
sary, by such substances as are well known under the denomination of bad
conductors of heat; and, in large establishments, steam of a high temperature,
obtained and applied by my method to a great variety of purposes, may
ultimately be returned by means of a condensing apparatus, or otherwise, as
a supply to the first boiler.
And I further declare that I only claim as my Invention the application of

page_text: steam heated to various degrees of temperature by its free and gradual contact
with and passage over one or more surfaces heated by a separate fire, and
without any further accesion of aqueous particles, and without the steam being
under any part of such process subjected to pressure or confinement; and this
method being, to the best of my knowledge and belief, entirely new, and never
before used in these Kingdoms, and believing this Specification to comply in all
respects, fully and without reserve and disguise, with the proviso in the said
herein-before in part recited Letters Patent contained, I do hereby declare it
to be my intention to maintain my exclusive right to my said Invention in
whatsoever manner or modes it may be applied to the various operations before
mentioned.
In witness whercof, I, the said Abraham Robert Lorent, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, the Twenty-fourth day of January, One thou-
sand eight hundred and twenty-six.
ABRAHAM ROBERT (L.S.) LORENT.
AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the Fourth day of February,
in the year of our Lord 1826, the aforesaid Abraham Robert Lorent came
before our said Lord the King in His Chancery, and acknowledged the
Specification aforesaid, and all and every thing therein contained and specified
in form above written. And also the Specification aforesaid was stamped:
according to the tenor of the Statute made for that purpose.
Inrolled the Eleventh day of July, in the year of our Lord One thou-
sand eight hundred and twenty-six.

page_text: A. Steam boiler without safety walio er pressure.
B.D.F.II. Pipes carrying or conveying the Stram to C.E.G.J,
bung sets of deuble Pans (the interiers being 2 inches
distansed from the exteriers) into which the said Pipes
descend to the lewer part. K. Pipe fer the escapo of the.
Steam 0. Cocks to direct the Steam cither way.
L. Separate Steam heater. in furnace or aer a fire place.
M. Pipe for admission N. Pipe for the conveying away of the
Stram.