IMPROVEMENTS IN PREPARING AND TREATING THE SURFACES OF THE INTERIORS AND EXTERIORS OF HOUSES, EDIFICES, MONUMENTS, AND OTHER BUILDINGS, TO IMITATE POLISHED MARBLE OR STONE; ALSO RENDERING THEM IMPERVIOUS TO THE ACTION OF ATMOSPHERE AND OTHER ELEMENTS."
Year: 1860

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Paul Pizzi, of No. 9, Winsley Street, in the County
of Middlesex, Artist, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN PREPARING
AND TREATING THE SURFACES OF THE INTERIORS AND EXTERIORS OF HOUSES,
EDIFICES, MONUMENTS, AND OTHER BUILDINGS, TO IMITATE POLISHED MARBLE
OR STONE; ALSO RENDERING THEM IMPERVIOUS TO THE ACTION OF
ATMOSPHERE AND OTHER ELEMENTS."
THE.
Sealed the 23rd November 1860, and dated the 11th July 1860.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Paul Pizzi at the Office-
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 11th July
1860.
I, PAUL PIZZI, of No. 9, Winsley Street, in the County of Middlesex,
IMPROVE
Artist, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "
MENTS IN PREPARING AND TREATING THE SURFACES OF THE INTERIORS AND EXTERIORS
OP HOUSES, EDIFICES, MONUMENTS, AND OTHER BUILDINGS, TO IMITATE POLISHED.
MARBLE OR STONE, ALSO RENDERING THEM IMPERVIOUS TO THE ACTION OF THE.
ATMOSPHERE AND OTHER ELEMENTS," to be as follows:-
I take common mortar, and coat or spread the surface to be operated upon.
to the substance of about to an inch, I then take fine sand and lime.
mixed with water, and spread a second coat thereon. This prepared surface-
is then painted or coloured according to the kind of marble or stone to be-
imitated. I then take in suitable proportions lime water, soap, and soapstone,
or in lieu of the latter I use French chalk; these are thoroughly mixed

page_text: together, and with a brush or other suitable instrument, I wash over with this
mixture or composition the surface above prepared, by which process it will be-
come petrified, and the painting or colouring matter fixed thereon. Afterwards
I gently pass a trowel or other suitable instrument over the surface to polish
it. I vary the proportions of the above substances according to the weather.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Paul Pizzi in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 10th
January 1861.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, PAUL
Pizzi, of No. 9, Winsley Street, in the County of Middlesex, Artist, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Eleventh day of July, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and sixty, in the twenty-fourth year of Ifer reign, did,
for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said Paul
Pizzi, Her special licence that I, the said Paul Pizzi, my executors, adminis-
trators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Paul Pizzi, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others,
from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein ex-
pressed should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and
Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PREPARING AND TREAT-
ING THE SURFACES OF THE INTERIORS AND EXTERIORS OF HOUSES, EDIFICES,
MONUMENTS, AND OTHER BUILDINGS, TO IMITATE POLISHED MARBLE OR STONE, ALSO
RENDERING THEM IMPERVIOUS TO THE ACTION OF THE ATMOSPHERE AND OTHER ELE-
MENTS," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Paul Pizzi, my
executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their,
or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be per-
formed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within
six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Paul Pizzi, do hereby declare the nature
of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, to
be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement
(that is to say):-

page_text: The manner in which I perform or carry out my Invention which I call
the "epilithoma" or "petrified coating" is as follows:--
I take common mortar, and coat or spread the surface to be operated
upon to the depth or substance of about to an inch; I then give it a
second or additional coating composed of fine sand, lime, and water; the
surface so prepared is then allowed to dry and become hardened. I now
take of suitable proportions lime water, soap, soapstone, or French chalk, to
which I add a small quantity of an alkali or liquid salt of ammoniac, which
must be well mixed together to form a liquid substance. The proportions of
the above substances vary according to the weather, but the following will be
found advantageous. About 10 parts of lime, 1 part of soap, 1 part of
soapstone or French chalk, and the fifth of a part of the alkali or liquid salt
of ammoniac, to which must be added sufficient water to convert them into a
liquid state. With this mixture or composition, I wash over the surfaces
previously prepared as above, with a brush or other instrument, and after-
wards paint or colour them according to the kind of marble or stone to be
imitated; and, lastly, I smooth and polish the surfaces with a trowel or other
suitable instrument.
By this process the surfaces so operated upon will become petrified, fixing
the painting or coloring indelibly therein, and at the same time render them
perfectly impervious to the action of the atmosphere and other elements.
Having now described the nature and particulars of my said Invention, and
the manner in which the same is to be performed or carried into effect, I
claim preparing and treating the surfaces (whether exterior or interior) of
houses, edifices, monuments, and other buildings to imitate polished marble
or stone as herein described,
In witness whereof, I, the said Paul Pizzi, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this Fourth day of January, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and sixty-one.
Witness,
EDWARD T. HUGHES,
Patent Agent,
London.
PAUL PIZZI. (L.S.)