Improvements in and relating to the Lining of Pipes and Tubes.
Year: 1895

page_text: Date of Application, 19th Mar., 1895-Accepted, 4th May, 1895
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and relating to the Lining of Pipes and Tubes.
1, WILLIAM THEODORE RUETE, of 101 West 63rd Street, New York, United
States of America, Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and
in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement:
The invention relates to the lining of pipe or tubing, for the purpose of insulating
its inner surface where the pipe is to be put to electrical uses; and for the purpose
of protecting the interior from corrosive action when the pipe is to be used as a
conduit for water or other fluids.
Various modes of lining metal pipe for the above purposes have heretofore been
used.
Sometimes the pipe has been lined with porcelain, or with glass, and sometimes
with block tin; but these methods of insulating or protecting the inner surface
of the pipe are necessarily expensive, and therefore the adoption of such modes is
limited.
Another mode has been to introduce into the metal pipe an inner tube of some
fibrous material. For this purpose a paper tube was prepared and after being
treated with some hydro-carbon compound, or other suitable insulating material, it
was pushed endwise into the metal pipe. In order to fill up the annular space
between the pipe and the lining, and secure the proper adhesion of the two, the lining
tube was coated with cement before it was inserted in the pipe; and in order to
prevent the undue chilling of this cement the metal pipe had to be highly heated
before the paper tube was inserted.
One of the recognized difficulties inherent in this mode of manufacture was that,
even when the metal pipe was highly heated, the cement would not be uniformly
distributed; the cement would be forced back as the lining advanced; so that when
the lining was at last in place there would be a scarcity of cement at the leading
end of the lining tube and a surplus at the other end. Another and the chief
difficulty was that much stiffness and strength was required to enable the lining
tube to stand up while being inserted, and to this end it was necessary to make the
lining tube heavy and thick, much more so than was necessary for mere purposes of
insulation; this of course involved expense and diminished the net available space
in the metal pipe. The difficulty of introducing the previously prepared paper tube
was such that comparative short lengths only could be used; and the necessity of
cutting the pipe to short lengths, and the cutting of the additional coupling
threads rendered necessary by the use of short lengths, materially increased the
expense.
As compared with these older methods of manufacture, it is the object of the
present invention to produce lined tubing by taking flat strips of the lining
material and drawing them into the pipes to be lined. These strips may be
coated with some adhesive material before entering the pipe, and after being drawn
in may be expanded, by the use of any suitable tool, against the interior of the
pipe after which, if desired, the pipe, with its lining now in place, may be dipped
in a hot bath of paraffinic bitumen or asphaltum paint, or any of the hydro-carbon
preparations used for similar purposes.
The paper or other fibrous strips may be drawn into the pipe by binding the
leading end of the strip or strips around the end of a cylindrical rod which is
then passed through the pipe. The form of the rod gives the preliminary

page_text: curvature to the leading end of the strip, which then becomes bent to conform
to the interior of the pipe throughout its whole extent as it is drawn forward.
A single strip may be used of a width just equal to the internal diameter of
the pipe; or, if preferred, two or more strips may be used, the one overlying the
other, and in this case the several strips preferably are to be so arranged as to break
joints.
After the strip or strips have been introduced into the pipe, they may readily be
expanded into close contact with the pipe by passing through the pipe a rod armed
with a flexible and elastic brush, or a hollow elastic ball, of such diameter as to
pass readily through the bore of the pipe and at the same time press all parts of
the strip outwardly against the inner wall of the pipe.
As above indicated, after the lining strips have been put in place, the whole may
be dipped in a hot bath of asphaltum paint or coke pitch, or any equivalent
material adapted to improve the insulated quality of the lined pipe or to increase
the durability of the lining.
In the accompanying drawing
Fig. 1 is a cross-section of a pipe which has been lined by the above described
method; in which a represents the metal pipe, and b and c a two-ply paper
lining.
In Fig. 2 is shown a method of introducing the paper strips into the pipe; in
which a represents the metal pipe, partly in elevation and partly in section, b and c
are the strips of paper, and d is a rod around which the leading ends of the paper
strips are bound.
A
In Fig. 3 is shown a brush such as may be used for expanding the paper
strips against the inner wall of the pipe. In this figure a represents the pipe
in section; be the paper strips; and d the brush attached to the end of the rod e.
The advantages of the above described mode of lining pipe are various.
much thinner lining can be used than would be possible by the old method of
introducing a previously prepared paper tube, and the thickness of the lining can
readily be adjusted, by the use of one or more plies, to any requirement. The
work can be carried on with facility. It is unnecessary that the pipe be cut to
short, or in fact to any indefinite lengths; the improved method is applicable with
equal facility to pipes of any length. The lining also can be secured in more
intimate and uniform contact with the walls of the pipe than by the former
method. Thus a notable economy is effected in the manufacture, and a superior
article is produced.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is
1. The herein before described improvement in the art of lining pipe, which
consists in preparing the lining material in the form of a flat strip or strips and
introducing the same by an end wise movement into the pipe, the lining strip or strips
being curved into the cylindrical shape, to conform to the shape of the pipe, by the
act of inserting them in the pipe.
2. The improvement in the art of lining pipe, which consists in introducing one
or more strips of lining material into the pipe by an endwise movement, and then
expanding such strip or strips against the inner wall of the pipe by some expanding
tool which is passed through the pipe.
3. The improvement in the manufacture of lined pipe, which consists in coating
with paste or cement one or more lining strips, introducing such strip or strips
into the pipe, expanding them against the inner walls of the pipe, and then
dipping the lined pipe in asphaltum paint or other equivalent material for improving
the insulating quality of the lining or increasing its durability, substantially as
described.
4. The hereinbefore described improved article of manufacture, consisting of a
metal pipe lined with one or more strips of paper or other fibrous material introduced

page_text: lengthwise into the pipe and expanded into close contact with the inner surface of
the same.
5. The hereinbefore described article of manufacture, which consists of a metal
pipe lined with one or more strips of paper or other fibrous material introduced
lengthwise into the pipe and then cured by immersion in a bath of insulating or
other equivalent material.
Dated this 19th day of March 1895.
HASELTINE; LAKE & Co.,
45, Southampton Buildings, London, W.C., Agents for the Applicant.