Improvements in Means for Supplying or Ohanging Fillings or Bobbins in Shuttles, and for "Detecting" or Preventing Faulty Weaving in Looms.
Year: 1894

page_text: Date of Application, 2nd Oct., 1894-Accepted, 3rd Nov., 1894
Improvements in Means for Supplying or Ohanging Fillings or
Bobbins in Shuttles, and for "Detecting" or Preventing
Faulty Weaving in Looms.
I GEORGE OTIS DRAPER, Manufacturer, of Hopedale, County of Worcester,
and State of Massachusetts, one of the United States of America, do hereby
declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-
.
In the production of woven fabrics on looms, whenever the filling is exhausted
from the bobbin or cop in the shuttle, the end of the filling is woven into the fabric,
and in a great majority of instances said end is left at some point between the
selvages to show badly and lessen the value of the fabric, especially if of high grade,
and, further, this last end of the filling is apt to crinkle because it is not subjected
to the action of the usual tension exerted by the shuttle.
To guard against leaving these ends between selvages and against the crinkling
of the filling, it is customary, in the better grades of fabrics, for the weaver,―the
loom having been stopped, to reverse the pattern mechanism or turn the loom
backward to reopen the shed until that shed is open containing the mis-pick or
short filling, when the weaver pulls the same out so that a proper shot of filling
may be put into the shed.
The difficulties alluded to in the production of high grade goods are the source
of much trouble and are overcome only at very considerable expense.
Recently looms have been invented wherein, the filling having been exhausted
from the shuttle, or broken, a bobbin or cop of filling is automatically supplied to
the shuttle, as for instance in the Specification of Letters Patent granted to Alfred
George Brookes dated the 23rd day of June 1891 No. 10633 but in such looms no
provision has been made or attempted to be made to prevent a weft end from being
left between the selvages, and consequently that loom as now made cannot be used
for the formation of bigh grade goods.
I have aimed by experiment to overcome the difficulties alluded to, so that looms
of the class referred to may be used for the production of high grade goods free
from mis-picks or crinkles, and as the result of such experiment, I have devised
means whereby when the filling in the shuttle has been nearly exhausted, or
exhausted to a predetermined point, the pusher or device employed to supply the
shuttle with filling is made to act automatically and put a fresh supply of filling
into the shuttle, and at the same time remove therefrom the nearly spent bobbin or
cop, and it will be remembered that the first shot or crossing of filling left
shed by a bobbin or cop just supplied to a shuttle will leave its free end outside the
selvage.
in a
In the practical use of my invention all the filling' will not be used, but this waste
will be but little comparatively, for I may so time or set the operative parts, to be
hereinafter described, as to limit this waste to a very small amount, and the filling
left on the partially exhausted bobbins or cops may thereafter be woven off in the
production of lower cost goods.
My improvements will cause the movement of the pusher, referred to, to put a
new supply of filling into the shuttle only when the filling on the bobbin or cop bas
been exhausted to a predetermined point, and in case the filling should break,
the loom will be stopped through the action of a filling fork, as in ordinary
looms.

page_text: '
While my invention to be described is or has been adapted more especially for a
loom of the class referred to, yet it will be productive of advantages when applied
to any usual loom, and in this latter event the rock-shaft to be hereinafter described
under the control of the detector cooperating with the bobbin or cop may be made
to knock off the shipper handle and stop the loom when the filling has been
exhausted to the required degree.
My invention consists in the use in a loom having a lay provided with a shuttle
box containing a shuttle open at one side to expose the cop of filling therein, of a
detector supported independent of and adapted to enter the shuttle to contact with
the filling therein to determine the amount of said filling;
Also, in the use with a shuttle-box forming part of a lay, and a shuttle carrying
an.exposed cop or bobbin of filling, of a detector independent of the shuttle to
contact with the filling therein at predetermined intervals to thereby determine its
volume, and devices intermediate the detector and a filling supplying mechanism to
cause a new supply of filling to be placed in the shuttle when the former supply
shall have been exhausted to a predetermined amount;
Also, in the use with a lay having a shuttle-box containing a shuttle open at one
side to expose the mass of filling therein, and a detector supported independently of
the shuttle and adapted as the lay is moving to enter the shuttle-box and the
shuttle therein, of a rock-shaft having a trigger provided with a block which is
struck by said detector whenever the filling has been.exhausted to a predetermined
point.
Also in the use in a loom having a lay provided at each end with a shuttle-box
and carrying a bunter, and employing a shuttle open to expose the filling therein
and to permit the filling to be put into it at one open side and to be discharged from
the shuttle at its other open side, of a detector to enter the shuttle in one shuttle-box'
and contact with the wound mass of filling, and a pusher provided with a pivotted
dog which when in position to be struck by the bunter' causes the operation of the
pusher to put filling into the shuttle, and devices intermediate said detector and the
dog carried by said pusher whereby when the filling thread in the shuttle has been
exhausted to a determined amount, it will cause the dog connected to the pusher to
be put in line with and to be actuated by the bunter to cause a new supply of filling
to be automatically put into the shuttle and the nearly exhausted bobbin or cop
then in the shuttle to be discharged therefrom.
Fig. 1 is a plan view of a sufficient part of one side of a loom and part of a lay,
and shuttle-box with my improvements added, to enable my invention to be
understood.
Fig. 2 is a right-hand end view of the parts shown in Fig. 1, the detector being
represented as resting on the, filling in the shuttle and at the time when the filling
has been exhausted to the predetermined point so that the detector is made to operate
the rock-shaft to be described, aud, ensure either a movement of the pusher, or the
stopping of the loom.
Fig. 3 is an end view of like parts, but with the lay shown as back from the breast
beam, the shuttle being supposed to be in the shuttle box at the opposite end of the
lay or on its flight across the lay.
1
Figs. 4 and 5, show different forms of filling masses, together with parts of a
detector, the shape of the detector being suited to the shape of the bobbin or cop,
or the device or thing upon which the filling is wound.
Fig. 6 is a view of the pusher, one form of hopper or bobbin feeder, and parts at
that side of the loom opposite the parts shown in Figs. 1 and 2 and when the lay ia
in the position shown in said figures.
Fig. 7 is a view of the same parts shown in Fig. 6, but in the position they will
occupy when the detector in the beat of the lay toward the fell, is not in position to
meet the trigger; to be described.
Fig. 8 is a partial front view of the end of the loom opposite that shown in
*Fig. 1.*
„Figs. 9 to 17 inclusive, are diagrams showing the different positions in which the

page_text: dog connected with the pusher is placed between its inoperative and operative
positions; and
Figs. 18 and 19 a modification to be described, wherein the arm or device shown
in Fig. 6 for operating the dog of the pusher is made to act through a suitable lever
or device to release the shipper handle.
I have chosen to illustrate my invention as applied to the class of loom shown in
the Specification of Letters Patent granted to Alfred George Brookes dated the
23rd day of June 191 No. 10633.
b
In the drawing, A represents part of the frame-work of the loom; A³ part of the
lay which may be supported and moved in any usual manner, it being provided at
each end with a suitable shuttle-box, the box at that end of the loom at which the
shuttle receives a fresh bobbin being slotted for the passage outwardly of the bobbin.
ejected from the shuttle; A* indicates the breast beam; B* a stand counected thereto,
it carrying a stud B; B, a hopper guide or feeder for a series of bobbins or cops
containing filling; B, a pusher adapted in its movements to meet a bobbin band put
it into theshuttle S, the latter being slotted in line with the top of the bobbin so AB
to be self-threading as provided for in said Patent. B10 is a stop or rest having a
projection B12; 6, an ear against which a part of the stop or rest is normally
retained; C, a bunter carried by the lay; A, a picker stick; d, a rock-shaft
extended across the loom from side to side under the breast beam. The parts so
far described are all substantially as represented in the said Patent, and like letters
are therein used to designate the same parts, with the exception that herein the
letter A is used for the breast beam which is not marked in the said Patent. In
the invention to be herein described, the rock-shaft d' has attached to it at that
end of the loom nearest the pusher, an arm h, see Figs. 6 to 8, provided at or near
its end with a pin or projection h', which as the said rock-shaft is turned, as will be
hereinafter described, is made to co-operate with the dog H and its switch to move
said dog pivotted upon the pusher, from its normal position, shown in Figs. 7 and 9,
through the path designated by Figs. 10 to 15 inclusive, to thus put said dog in the
position Figs. 6 and 15 to 17, to enable the bunter C² to strike said dog and move
the pusher from the position Fig. 7 into the position Fig. 6, such movement of the
pusher causing a bobbin or cop to be taken from the hopper and put into the
shuttle S then in the shuttle box below it, the incoming bobbin or cop acting on
and ejecting the bobbin or cop then in the shuttle and exhausted to the desired.
extent.
The dog H has a depending leg or web H', upon which is secured by a suitable
screw, see Figs. 6 and 7, a spring switch 2, the same being composed essentially
of a thin steel plate having one end turned or curved upwardly and its other endl
turned or curved downwardly, a central leg or portion of the switch receiving
through it the said screw.
The projection of the arm A, when the loom is running regularly, stands as in
Figs. 7 and 9, but when a fresh bobbin or cop of filling is to he put into the
shuttle, then, the arm H is moved to the right, viewing Figs. 7 and 9, it riding
on said switch as in Fig. 10, and finally passing off the end of the switch just
beyond the position Fig. 11, and, having passed off, the springy end thereof rises
upward, as in Fig. 12, letting the projection h¹ get under the end of said switch,
as in Figs. 12 and 13, and on its further movement toward the left, viewing
Fig. 13, the said projection gets under the central part of the switch and reaching
the opposite end of the switch, acts to elevate the dog into the position Fig. 16,
the projection finally passing out from under the springy end of the switch, letting the
dog drop, but while the dog is in the position Figs. 15 and 16 the bunter acts to
operate the pusher, as best shown in Fig. 6,
The rock-shaft d' at its opposite end, see Figs..1 to 3, has fast upon it a trigger m,
shown as an arin provided with a block m', controlled as to its position on said
trigger by means of a suitable adjusting device m³, represented as a screw, the face
of said block toward the lay being notched.
The lay A³ is provided with a suitable stand, upon which, in, this instance of my

page_text: invention, is pivoted at n, a detector n', represented as a lever curved at one end
and having at its other end a projection or tail piece 4, the curved end of said
lever being adapted to reach over into the shuttle box, enter the open top of the
shuttle then in said box and contact with the filling on the bobbin or cop contained
in said shuttle, said detector being acted upon by a suitable spring, as n³, to
normally cause its curved end to enter the shuttle as the lay is moved toward
the breast beam or toward the fell of the cloth, said spring while moving the
detector enabling it to stop sooner or later according to the quantity of filling
upon the bobbin or cop in the shuttle, or, in other words, the spring enables the
detector to be self-adapting to varying quantities of filling on the bobbin or cop.
When, however, the filling has been exhausted to the predetermined point, the
tail-piece 4 of the detector will meet the block m² of the trigger, turn the rock-
sbaft, and cause the arm & to be moved to put the dog H into position as described,
to be met by the bunter to actuate the pusher.
By adjusting the block m' upon the trigger, it may be put in position to be
struck by said trigger when the filling has beeu unwound from the bobbin or cop
to the desired point, that is, all but one or two layers may be unwound before the
end 4 of the trigger can rise sufficiently high to meet the block m².
:
The detector has loosely jointed to it an arresting device, shown as a link P,
which is extended through a guide p' connected to the framework of the loom,
suitable adjusting nuts on the said link governing its effective length, so that
the curved end of the detector will be lifted more or less out of the shuttle-box
at each movement of the lay away from the breast-beam.
In the operation of the loom herein to be described, the detector reaches into
the shuttle-box at each forward beat of the lay, and in case the shuttle is at, the
opposite end of the lay, the outer end 4 of the detector will be raised so high.as
to pass above the block m¹ of the trigger and not turn the same, but if the shuttle
is in the box at that end of the lay where the detector is situated, then the detector
enters the shuttle and contacts with the filling on the bobbin or cop, and if the
said filling has not been unwound to the desired point, the end 4 of the detector
will not rise as high as the block m', but will pass under it, and not move the
trigger, but in case the filling has been nearly unwound or has been exhausted
to the predetermined point, then the end 4 of the detector will meet the block m
and turn the trigger and rock-shaft, as above described, to ensure the introduction
into the shuttle, when it arrives in the box at the opposite end of the lay, of a
fresh bobbin or cop.
In Figs. 4 and 5, I have shown two well known forms of bobbin upon which is
wound in usual shapes masses of yarn.
This invention is not, however, limited to the exact shape of the bobbin or cop
containing the filling.
I have herein shown one form of hopper B, but instead I may employ any other
usual, suitable, or known device for presenting properly under the pusher one
bobbin after another, to be put into a shuttle.
The loom herein described being the first to contain a detector which shall come
in direct contact intermittingly with the mass of filling on a bobbin or cop within
a shuttle, to thus prevent further weaving of cloth by the filling then in the shuttle
when the said filling has been nearly exhausted from the said bobbin or cop, it is
not desired or intended to limit this invention to the exact shape shown for the
detector, nor to the exact position shown for it on the loom, por to the exact shape
of the trigger connected to the rock-shaft for operating the devices at the opposite
end of the loom. The modification Figs. 18 and 19 show part of a loom frame A,
having an attached shipper holding plate p' provided with a slot and a notch 22
to receive the usual shipper handle p
The rock-shaft d', supposed to be the same as hereinbefore described, has at its
end a finger p, which, when the said rock-shaft has been turned, as described, by
the detector, just before the filling has been completely unwound from the bobbin
or cop, acts on the shipper-handle, and pushes it out of its holding notch 22,

page_text: and said shipper-handle, connected in practice with any usual shipper lever
common to looms, but not shown, will effect the change of position of the usual
belt and stop the loom.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I deolare that what I
claim is :-
The improvements in looms for weaving consisting of :-
1. The use in a loom having a lay provided with a shuttle-box containing a
shuttle open at one side to expose the cop of filling therein, of a detector supported
independent of and adapted to enter the shuttle to contact with the filling therein
to determine the amount of said filling, substantially as set forth.
2. The use with a shuttle-box forming part of a lay, and a shuttle carrying au
exposed cop or bobbin of filling, of a detector independent of the shuttle to contact
with the filling therein at predetermined intervals to thereby determine its volume,
and devices intermediate the detector and a filling supplying mechanism to cause
a new supply of filling to be placed in the shuttle when the former supply shall
have been exhausted to a predetermined amount, substantially as set forth.
3. The use with a lay having a shuttle-box containing a shuttle open at one side
to expose the mass of filling therein, and a detector supported independently of
the shuttle and adapted as the lay is moving to enter the shuttle-box and the
shuttle therein, of a rock-shaft having a trigger provided with a block which is
struck by said detector whenever the filling has been exhausted to a predetermined
point, substantially as set forth.
4. The use in a loom having a lay provided at each end with a shuttle-box and
carrying a bunter, and employing a shuttle open to expose the filling therein and
to permit the filling to be put into it at one open side and to be discharged from
the shuttle at its other open side, of a detector to enter the shuttle in one
shuttle-box and contact with the wound mass of filling, and a pusher provided
with a pivoted dog which when in position to be struck by the bunter causes
the operation of the pusher to put filling into the shuttle, and devices intermediate
Baid detector and the dog carried by said pusher whereby when the filling
thread in the shuttle has been exhausted to a determined amount, it will cause
the dog connected to the pusher to be put in line with and to be actuated by
the bunter to cause a new supply of filling to be automatically put into the
shuttle and the nearly exhausted bobbin or cop then in the shuttle to be discharged
therefrom, substantially as set forth.
WM. BROOKES & SON,
55 & 56, Chancery Lane, London, W.C., Agents for the Applicant.