IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR ELECTRICAL HEATING "
Year: 1883

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Scudamore Sellon of Hatton Garden in the
County of Middlesex-for an Invention of " IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS
FOR ELECTRICAL HEATING
"
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Scudamore Sellon
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 17th October 1883.
JOHN SCUDAMORE SELLON of Hatton Garden in the County of Middlesex
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR ELECTRICAL HEATING
"
My Invention has for its object to provide apparatus whereby the heating of
apartments railway Carriages Ships' Cabins or the like can be conveniently effected
by electricity the said apparatus being so constructed or arranged that the
maximum heating effect is obtained and danger of injury to the apparatus is
avoided. According to my said Invention I take fire Clay tiles, porous earthenware
or other suitable material perforated with a series of holes or passages or suitable
interstices or so arranged as to give the equivalents thereof and into the holes
passages or openings thus formed the circuit wires or their equivalents are led
which wires may be preferably coiled or twisted into a number of convolutions or
the like The said fire clay or other material may be mounted in a casing or stove
provided with an inlet for cold air and an outlet for heated air the parts being
preferably so arranged that the only passage for the air through the apparatus is
by the aforesaid holes or passages containing the heating coils or wires or their
equivalents.
The said coils are so held or supported by their position in the perforations or
interstices of the fire Clay or other material that sagging of the said wires does not
take place and destructive short circuiting is prevented.
The fire clay or other suitable material may be in a series of slabs with the
holes or passages and coils or heating wires or their equivalents so arranged
therein that when the slabs are placed together the said holes or passages form
shafts (of a length in accordance with the number and thickness of the slabs used)
through which the air to be heated passes. By adding or removing slabs or by
ለ 1

page_text: altering the size of wire more or less resistance may be obtained so that the
arrangement can be rendered suitable for any required electro motive force and so
that the degree of heat may be regulated The terminals of the wires or Conductors
for the heating current will be so arranged and connected to the external leads
that the requisite circuit or circuits is or are established through the heating
arrangements.
By the means above indicated a continuous current of fresh air from the exterior
of any apartment or closed space may be warmed up to any desired or convenient
degree of temperature and supplied to the interior of the said Apartment or space
thus effecting also ventilation of the said apartment or space.
Apparatus constructed as described may be employed for heating purposes
generally; for example it may be used to beat reservoirs or holders of water or of
Chemical Salts such as Railway foot warmers

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, and of
an Order of the Lord Chancellor, filed by the said John Scudamore Sellon in
the Patent Office on the 25th April 1884.
JOHN SCUDAMORE SELLON of Hatton Garden in the County of Middlesex
"IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR ELECTRICAL HEATING
"
My Invention has for its object to provide apparatus whereby the heating of
apartments railway Carriages Ships Cabins or the like can be conveniently effected
by electricity the said apparatus being so constructed or arranged that the
maximum heating effect is obtained and danger of injury to the apparatus is
obviated.
According to my said Invention I take fire-clay plumbago tiles porous
earthenware or other suitable material perforated with a series of holes or passages
or suitable cells or interstices or so arranged as to give the equivalents thereof and
into the holes passages or openings thus formed the circuit wires or their
equivalents are led which wires are preferably coiled or twisted into a number of
convolutions or the like. The said fire clay or other material may be mounted in
a casing or stove either closed or provided with an inlet for cold air and an outlet
for heated air, the parts being preferably so arranged that the only passage for the
air through the apparatus is by the aforesaid holes or passages containing the
heating coils or wires or their equivalents. The said coils are so held or supported
by their position in the perforations or interstices of the fire clay or other material
that sagging of the said wires and destructive short circuiting is prevented.
The fire clay or other suitable material may be in a series of slabs with the holes
or passages and coils or heating wires or their equivalents so arranged therein that
when the slabs are placed together the said holes or passages form shafts (of a
length in accordance with the number and thickness of the slabs used) through
which the air to be heated passes. By adding or removing slabs or by altering
the size of wire more or less resistance may be obtained so that the arrangement
can be rendered suitable for any required electro motive force and so that the
degree of heat may be regulated. The terminals of the wires or Conductors for
the heating current will be so arranged and connected to the external leads
that the requisite circuit or circuits is or are established. through the heating
arrangements.
By the means above indicated a continuous current of fresh air from the exterior
of any apartment or closed space may be warmed up to any convenient degree of
temperature and supplied to the interior of the said apartment or space thus effecting
also ventilation of the said apartment or space.
Such an arrangement for heating is also very suitable and applicable to the
apparatus known as a "Thermostatic nurse" for infants-or for chicken incubators
as the heat can be readily adjusted and regulated to an absolute and constant
nicety for any desired period of time-Or can also be conveniently adapted to serve
as a bed warmer or for the application of warmth to invalids-the heat being with
facility turned on or off at any moment
Apparatus constructed as described may be employed for heating purposes
generally for example it may be used to heat reservoirs or holders of water
or of chemical salts such for instance as may be used for foot warmers for
Railways
And in order that my said Invention may be fully understood I shall now
proceed more particularly to describe the same and for that purpose shall refer to
the several figures on the annexed sheet of drawings the same letters of reference
indicating corresponding parts in all the figures
The accompanying drawing represents apparatus arranged according to my
Invention. Figure Ĭ is an isometrical view of a heating and ventilating stove

page_text: containing perforated slabs of clay plumbago or equivalent material with coils of
wire in each perforation through which coils the Electric current is passed.
Figure 2 is a plan of one of the slabs separately. Figure 3 is a vertical section of
a number of slabs superposed. Figure 4 is an isometrical view of a foot warmer
constructed according to my Invention. Figures 5 and 6 are respectively
longitudinal and transverse sections of the same.
Referring to Figures 1, 2, and 3, A represents a casing (which may be of any
suitable shape) provided with an inlet for cold air at a and an outlet for warm
air at a. The inlet a may open to the outer air and be provided with a valve a³
for regulating the admission of air. It is also provided with terminal screws b
to which the wires b' from the source of electricity are connected. a' are brackets
or supports upon which rest slabs C of clay plumbago or like material having
therein perforations c forming when the slabs are placed together passages for the
air from the inlet to the outlet
In each of the perforations c. is contained a coil of wire d each coil forming a
part of the electrical circuit owing to all the coils of all the slabs being connected
up in one continuous line connected at one end to one of the terminals b and at
the other end to the other of the said terminals. The slabs fit the casing A so
that the air passes from the inlet to the outlet by way of the perforations c and in
its passage it takes up heat which is developed when an Electric current is passed
through the coils d. The foot warmer shewn in figures 4, 5 and 6 is provided
with slabs as in the arrangement Figure 1-If a circulation of air be required it
may be effected by placing plates e so as to form passages to the underside of the
series of slabs through which passages air passes by the inlets of thence passing
through the perforations in the slabs from whence it escapes by the outlet orifices g
a passage to which may be formed by the plates h. Between the plates e and h
may be plates i forming the sides of the receptacle for keeping the alabs in place,
the said slabs being supported upon the side pieces j-I may of course use any
form size and number of slabs made of any suitable material and with any suitable
number and arrangement of perforations and coils or resistances therein and I may
make the connections for the electric current such that slabs may be added or
taken away as may be required.
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of my said
Invention and the manner in which the same is or may be used or carried into
effect I would observe in conclusion that what I consider to be novel and original
and therefore claim as the Invention secured to me by the hereinbefore in part
recited Letters Patent is :-
First. An apparatus for electrical heating consisting of a casing or holder and
of a perforated or cellular slab or piece or slabs or pieces of clay plumbago or
equivalent material the perforations or cells or interstices therein containing Coils 4
or resistances through which an electric current can be passed substantially as and
for the purposes hereinbefore described.
-
Second The apparatus for electrical heating substantially as hereinbefore
described and illustrated in Figures 1, 2 and 3 of the accompanying drawings.
Third. The apparatus for electrical heating substantially as hereinbefore described 4
and illustrated in Figures 4, 5 and 6 of the accompanying drawings.
In witness whereof I the said John Scudamore Sellon have to this my Specification
set my hand and seal this fourteenth day of April One thousand eight hundred
and eighty four
JOHN SCUDAMORE SELLON (LS.)