Improvements in Lamps and Apparatus for Vaporizing and Burning Hydrocarbons for Lighting and Heating Purposes.
Year: 1895

page_text: Date of Application, 18th May, 1895
Complete Specification Left, 17th Feb., 1896-Accepted, 18th June, 1896
Improvements in Lamps and Apparatus for Vaporizing and Burning
Hydrocarbons for Lighting and Heating Purposes.
I, ARCHIBALD LITTLE, Clerk, 57 Glasgow Road, Dumbarton, in the County
of Dumbarton, North Britain, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to
be as follows
This invention has for its object the construction in an improved manner of
apparatus for lighting and heating purposes, wherein paraffin oil or other hydro-
carbons or easily vaporizing fuel may be used as the combustible, and for
vaporizing it and burning the vapor. Apparatus made in accordance with this
invention comprises a vessel, of any approved pattern or shape, to contain the
hydrocarbon. The vessel is provided with flanged nozzles for filling cup, oil and
air valves and for fixing pump for insertion of air pressure. The pump conveys
the air inside of the vessel for the purpose of forcing the hydrocarbon to the
burner; and the pipe leading from the vessel to the burner may have, when
necessary, a swivel coupling so that the burner may be adjusted to any desired
position. A pipe is also led from oil valve near to the bottom of vessel for
conducting the hydrocarbon to the pipe communicating with the burner.
The burner consists of a cylindrical casting of iron, brass, or other approved
metal, and has provided cellular passages through which the hydrocarbon travels
during vaporizing process, thus providing a circuit so as to assure complete
vaporization of the hydrocarbon.
The cylinder is divided into six vertical passages and two horizontal circum-
ferential passages at top. The vertical passages are divided by webs in the centre.
The divisionary webs do not descend to the bottom of cylinder but leave a
clearance of about inch, to allow for the passage of the hydrocarbon in its
circuit.
The hydrocarbon enters an inlet provided at the top of cylinder and simul-
taneously descends first divisions of vertical passages, at each side of inlet, then
ascends second divisions; travels along the two horizontal circumferential passages
and enters simultaneously the two final vertical passages, combining at outlet
where small pipe leading to the orifice jet is fixed.
The metal in spaces between vertical and horizontal circumferential passages is
reduced to a web of about inch thick, thus reducing the weight and allowing the
vaporizing heat to be speedily raised and easily maintained.
Cleaning traps are provided at the bottom of vertical passages, for allowing the
removal of any carbonization or sediment which may collect inside. The traps are
so arranged that the centre is in direct line with the divisionary web, and one trap
serves for two vertical passages. Two of the traps are provided with screw plugs,
but the exit pipe leading to orifice jet is screwed into the trap at bottom of the two
final vertical passages, the pipe being easily detached in the event of the passages
requiring to be cleaned.
When desirable traps and plugs may be provided on upper side of cylinder,
conveniently placed to allow access to the parts of horizontal circumferential
passages not quite accessible from vertical passage traps.
An iron or brass pipe is, in the manner already described, attached to the
bottom of final vertical passages and has fitted an horizontal orifice jet. The
D
57

page_text: flame is carried through the opening of cylinder, the said opening being in some
cases slightly tapered, providing the vaporizing heat, and the illumination passes
out and extends from the top of cylinder.
A metal shield or casing having a small hinged door is provided for covering the
exit pipe and orifice jet, as well as for regulating the draught.
A portable metal cup or pan is attached to the pipe leading to burner for
holding the hydrocarbon or fuel required to heat the cylinder when the lamp is
being started.
Dated this 17th day of May 1895
ARCHIBALD LITTLE.
Improvements in Lamps and Apparatus for Vaporizing and Burning
Hydrocarbons for Lighting and Heating Purposes.
I, ARCHIBALD LITTLE, Clerk, 57 Glasgow Road, Dumbarton, in the County
of Dumbarton, North Britain, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and
in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement :-
This invention has for its object the construction in an improved manner of
apparatus for lighting and heating purposes, wherein paraffin oil or other hydro-
carbons or easily vaporizing fuel may be used as the combustible, and for
vaporizing it and burning the vapor.
And in order that my said invention and the manner of performing or carrying
same into practice may be properly understood, I have hereunto appended an
explanatory sheet of drawings in which the same reference letters are used to
indicate corresponding parts in all the figures where shown.
Figure 1 is an elevation in perspective of the complete apparatus by which my
improvements are carried into effect.
Figure 2 is an end view of the vaporizing and combustion apparatus, and
Figure 3 is a side sectional elevation of same; while
Figure 4 is a transverse section as taken on the line 4-4 Figure 3.
Referring to these drawings:-
Apparatus made in accordance with this invention comprises a vessel A of any
approved pattern or shape to contain the hydrocarbon. The vessel is provided
with flanged nozzles B, for filling cup, oil and air valves, and for fixing pump for
insertion of air pressure. The pump C conveys the air inside of the vessel for the
purpose of forcing the hydrocarbon to the burner. A pipe D leading from the
vessel to the burner is provided and may have, when necessary, a swivel coupling E
so that the burner may be adjusted to any desired position. A pipe F is also led
from oil valve descending near to the bottom of vessel A for conducting the
hydrocarbon to the pipe D communicating with the burner.
The burner G consists of a cylindrical casting of iron, brass, or other approved
metal, and has provided cellular passages through which the hydrocarbon travels
during vaporizing process, thus providing a circuit so as to assure complete
vaporization of the hydrocarbons. The cylinder or burner G is divided into six
cellular passages H and two circumferential passages I at right angles thereto at
one end. The passages H are divided by webs J in the centre. The divisionary
webs J do not descend to the bottom of passages H in cylinder but have a clearance
of about inch at H 1 to allow for the passage of the hydrocarbon in its circuit.
The hydrocarbon enters by an inlet branch K provided at the side of cylinder G,
and simultaneously passes through first divisions of passages H, at each side of
inlet K then passes through second divisions H, on opposite side of webs J, and
afterwards travels along the two circumferential passages I and then enters

page_text: simultaneously the two final passages H combining at outlet H 2 where a small
pipe L, leading to orifice jet M is fixed.
The metal in spaces N between the passages is reduced to a web of about inch
thick, thus reducing the weight and allowing the vaporizing heat to be speedily
raised and easily maintained. Cleaning traps are provided at the end of
passages H for allowing the removal of any carbonization or sediment which may
collect inside. The traps are arranged so that the centre is in direct line with the
divisionary web J, and one trap serves for two passages H. Two of the traps are
provided with screw plugs O, but the exit pipe L which leads to orifice jet M is
screwed into the trap P at end of the two final passages H, the pipe being easily
detached in the event of the passages requiring to be cleaned. When desirable
traps and plugs may be provided on opposite end of cylinder G, conveniently
placed to allow access to the parts of circumferential passages I, not quite
accessible from ends H 1. An iron or brass pipe L is in the manner already
described attached to the end P of final passages H and has fitted an horizontal
orifice jet M.
The flame is carried through the opening Q of cylinder G, the said opening
being, in some cases slightly tapered, providing the vaporizing heat, and the
illumination passes out and extends from the end of cylinder G.
A metal shield or casing R having a small hinged door is provided for covering
the exit pipe L, and orifice jet M, as well as for regulating the draught.
A portable metal cup or pan S is attached to pipe D, leading to burner G, for
holding the hydrocarbon or fuel required to heat the cylinder G, when the lamp is
being started.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
1 claim is
First. The construction in an improved manner of cylindrical burner for
vaporizing and burning oils or cheap hydrocarbons for lighting and heating
purposes as hereinbefore described and as shown on the accompanying drawing.
Second. The improved construction of cylindrical burner and combination of
parts to obtain complete vaporization of oils and hydrocarbons as herein before
described and as shown on the accompanying drawing.
Third. The improved construction of cylindrical burner to provide facilities for
cleaning out any carbonization or sediment which may collect in same as herein-
before described and as shown on the accompanying drawing.
Dated this Fifteenth day of February 1896.
ARCHIBALD Little,
Applicant.