Improvements in Hot-water-heating Apparatus.
Year: 1886

page_text: Date of Application, 2nd July, 1886.
Complete Left, 1st Apr., 1887.
Complete Accepted, 3rd May, 1887.
Improvements in Hot-water-heating Apparatus.
We, JOHN BLEZARD, and NORMAN BLEZARD, both of Grove Lane, Padiham, in the
county of Lancaster, Tron-founders, Hot-Water-Heating Engineers &c. do hereby
declare the nature of our invention for IMPROVEMENTS IN HOT-WATER-HEATING
APPARATUS to be as follows:-
1. An Improvement in the shape of external and internal shell or body of the
Boiler, which we now make in a curved or barrel shape, so as to prevent fracture
caused by expansion or contraction of the metal.
2. An Improvement in the shape of that part of the flow-pipe which is in contact
with the Boiler, which we now make with a conical or bell mouth, thereby collecting
a larger area of heated-water, and inducing a more rapid circulation through the pipe.
3. An Improvement in the method of collecting and allowing the air and steam to
escape from the pipes, which we now accomplish by making a recess or chamber on
the upper part of the flow-pipe, of the width of the pipe's bore the forward edge of
the same recess being made to project below the top of the pipe's bore, thereby
preventing the air or steam from passing along the flow-pipe.
4. The application of an apparatus that will open or close the damper of the fire-
draught of the Boiler; the motive power of the same apparatus being the variation of
temperature produced by the escape or non-escape of air or steam from the flow-pipe
of the Boiler or apparatus.
The escape of Hot-air, Steam, and Water which takes place when the Hot-water
Heating Apparatus becomes over-heated, is made to act upon metallic or liquid
substances which will expand by the heat of the same. And the motion caused by
the expansion of these substances is transmitted to the Damper by levers, wheels &c.
thereby closing or opening the Damper according to the heat of the water passing
through the Heating Apparatus.
JOHN BLEZARD.
NORMAN BLEZARD.

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Hot-water Heating Apparatus.
We, JOHN BLEZARD and NORMAN BLEZARD, both of Grove Lane, Padiham, in the
county of Lancaster, Ironfounders, Hot-water Heating Engineers, &c. do hereby
declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed,
to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement (see
the accompanying illustrations) :-
Figs. 1 and 2 are sectional drawings of round Boilers. We illustrate that form
because of its common use, but it is to be distinctly understood that we do not limit
the application of our Improvements to that particular form, but claim the right of
applying them to any other form of Boiler.
Our first. Improvement is for the prevention of Fracture in Cast Iron Boilers by
expansion or contraction of the metal. In Figs. 1 and 2, A represents the external
and B the internal shells of the Boiler. In Fig. 1 we make these barrel-shaped, with
curved or rounded corners C, C, thus giving greater elasticity than is to be obtained
by the use of straight sides and angular corners. In Fig. 2 the shell A is cast
separate from and independent of shell B, and it is made straight as is customary:
but we make B of wrought iron, copper, brass, or any other suitable metal, and with
rounded or curved corners C, C. This shell B is connected with the shell A by means
of two metal rings E, E, bolted together with set screws D, D.
Our second Improvement is in the form of that part of the flow-pipe in immediate
contact with the boiler.
Fig. 1 shows the flow-pipe F in vertical section: Fig. 3 is a sectional plan of Fon
line AB. The aperture of the flow-pipe, where it joins the Boiler we make of
greater width than at any other part of the pipe. By thus giving a wider space close
to the top of the Boiler, where the water is hottest, a more rapid circulation is induced
through the pipes. In Fig. 4, we represent a flow pipe of this principle, adapted for
screwing to the top of any kind of Hot-Water Boilers for Heating purposes.
Our third Improvement more efficiently collects and conducts the air and steam
from the pipes of the apparatus than has, heretofore, been accomplished. This we
do by means of an Air-trap, fixed in any convenient part of the pipes, as in
Fig. 5. G is a chamber or recess at the upper part of the pipe, the forward edge of
which, I, we make to project below the top of the pipe's bore, thereby preventing the
air and steam going with the water beyond this point; and at the top of this chamber
we attach another pipe H, which carries the air and steam away. We also improve
the flow-pipe of the boiler by making it to contain an air-trap as here described: see
Figs. 1 and 2 at G, G.
Our fourth Improvement relates to a use of the tube H as a means of opening or
closing the fire-draught of the Boiler. Fig. 1 illustrates one of several ways by which
we accomplish this. When the apparatus becomes over-heated, the steam and water
begin to flow up the air-tube H, and to act on the outer part of the tube K. This
tube K is closed at the bottom, and both the tube itself and the space between its top

page_text: and the flexible disc or plate M are filled with mercury, or any other suitable liquid'
which is kept in by screwing the edge of the disc or plate between the two surfaces
of the parts L. The heated water and steam passing through the pipe H, causes the
mercury or liquid in the pipe K to expand and to lift the plate Mand this gives
motion to the lever N, which is connected with the draught damper or door Ổ, by
means of a chain and pulley P:-the weight Q opening the door O again as the liquid
in the pipe K contracts by cooling. This arrangement prevents the water in the
apparatus from being wasted by evaporation, or being blown back into the cistern,
and lessens the chance of damage to the boiler which often takes place from these
causes.
Our fifth Improvement is in the arrangement of the Fire draught, which we cause
to pass round the outer side A of the boiler before going up the chimney, or to pass
up the chimney direct without going round the boiler, by means of a draught damper
or valve, which is opened or closed according to requirements.
To accomplish this we fix a Mid-feather or partition R (Fig. 1.) between the
boiler-top and the cover S of the smoke chamber, which extends round the top of
the boiler, having a lute joint at T. Part of the mid feather R is left out to leave a
passage for the draught as at U. And on the opposite side another draught passage
is made at V, that can be opened or closed by means of the damper or valve at W.
By opening this damper W, a better and quicker draught is obtained when lighting
the fire; and when the apparatus has become properly heated, the closing of the
damper utilises the draught by sending it round the boiler. The arrows in Fig. 1
show the direction which the draught is thus made to take.
Our sixth Improvement is in the method of fixing and jointing the Flue-case,
Flue-chamber cover, and Fuel Stack, by which the several parts can be detached for
the purpose of cleaning out the draught passages, and easily replaced.
This we accomplish by the use of what is commonly termed a lute joint; that is,
a joint, of which the lower part is hollowed or grooved to receive a projection on the
upper part, as at Y, Z (Fig. 1) and having this hollow or groove filled with fine sand,
or other suitable substance for preventing the air passing through.
The joints specially referred to are at Y and Z. Also, we make the case in two or
more parts, having that part which adjoins the flow- and return-pipes made with
sockets E to fit round them which are fitted up and made air-tight with cement or
some other suitable substance. Fig. 3 shows at F1 how the case may be detached
from the socket piece round the pipes.
Our seventh Improvement is in the method of constructing the Fire Box: (1) by
making the sides slope outwards towards the bottom, as shown by line G, so that the
fuel more readily falls, as it is consumed: (2) by using an improved form of grate-
bar plate.
We now make the plate with a hollow bed as C¹ Fig. 1, to receive fire-brick, or
any other such suitable substance, as D¹. This arrangement lessens the area of the
grate-bars, without causing any deadness at the outer edge of the fire, and is more
economical.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said Invention,
and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what we claim is :-
:-
1. The application of curved or barrel-shaped internal or external shells to Cast-iron
Hot-Water Heating Boilers, either when the Boiler consists of one casting, or of two
or more parts jointed together.
2. The manner of jointing the internal and external shells of a Hot-Water Heating
Boiler, as shown in accompanying drawings (Fig. 2) which shell or shells have the
rings E either made or cast with the shell or shells, or made separate.
3. The application of a conical or bell-mouthed flow-pipe to a Hot-Water Heating
Boiler, having its widest part in contact with the boiler.
4. The application of an Air-trap, to any part of a Hot-Water Heating Apparatus,
that has a chamber or recess on the upper side of the pipe, and a projection on the
forward edge of the recess.

page_text: 5. The application of an Escape- or Air-tube to any convenient part of the Hot-
Water Heating Apparatus, the said tube containing an arrangement for closing and
opening the draught door, valve or damper.
6. The application of an arrangement by which the fire draught of a Hot-Water
Heating Boiler is made to pass cither round the outside of the boiler before going up
the chimney, or up the chimney without going round the boiler, according as the
draught passage is in one part closed or opened by damper, valve, or plug, or any
other similar means.
7. The application of a lute joint at Z the bottom of the Flue case X, and at Y the
jointing of the smoke-chamber cover S with the fuel stack.
8. The application, to Hot Water Heating Boilers, of a Fire-box, having sides that
slope outwards towards the bottom, as shown by line G¹.
9. The application of a grate-bar plate or Bearer, to a Hot-Water Boiler Fire, the
same plate or bearer being so arranged that Fire-bricks, or any other such suitable
substance can be placed between the grate-bars and the sides of the fire-box.
Dated this 31st day of March 1887.