Improvements in Internal Combustion Motors.
Year: 1899

page_text: Date of Application, 6th Apr., 1899
Complete Specification Left, 6th Jan., 1900-Accepted, 24th Feb., 1900
Improvements in Internal Combustion Motors.
We, WILLIAM JOHN CROSSLEY, of Crossley Bros., Ltd., Openshaw, Man-
chester, and RICHARD DODSON HULLEY, of Albert Road, Levenshulme, Man-
chester, Engineers, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
The invention is mainly for improvements in governing internal combustion.
motors, and in admitting, controlling and spraying oil when such motors use oil.
for their fuel.
In a motor constructed embodying these improvements and working on the
"Otto," or four stroke cycle, we employ a self acting admission valve which is
opened automatically by suction caused by the outward charging stroke of the
piston every time that working strokes are desirable. When however such
working strokes are not desirable this suction valve is not opened the exhaust
valve being kept open at this time so that exhaust gases are drawn back into.
the cylinder and the greatly reduced suction caused by the outward stroke of.
the piston is not sufficient to overcome the spring holding the admission valve
closed. We are aware that this method of governing has been used but we
employ novel arrangements of parts for this purpose. In one arrangement we
employ two cams having distinct cam paths for a bowl or roller and so connect
any suitable governor that it shifts the bowl from one cam path to the other,
the one cam path being suitable for giving working strokes and the other for
none working strokes. In another arrangement we employ two bowls or rollers
having each their own lever one of which always operates to open the exhaust
valve and allow it to close when working strokes are desired and the other
coming into operation when idle strokes are required to prevent the exhaust
valve from being closed during the suction stroke immediately preceding such
idle strokes.
For the purpose of admitting, controlling and spraying air and oil to motors
which use oil for fuel we use a novel construction of admission valve. The
valve is of the mushroom type opening inwards automatically against a spring
which tends to keep it closed. The valve stem works in a bored guide which is
continued close up to the head of the valve and having a recess turned in the
stem. The recess when the valve is closed is supplied with oil through a pipe
from any suitable source and when the valve is opened the movement of the
valve stem causes the recess to open also to one, two or more small holes in the
guide and so placed in relation to the air as it passes to the valve that the oil is
violently broken up into spray and mixed with it as it enters the cylinder.
The quantity of oil drawn in by each charge may be regulated by a cock, a.
pump or any suitable measuring arrangement.
1 1
011
1 1800

page_text: Improvements in Internal Combustion Otors.
We, WILLIAM JOHN CROSSLEY, of Crossley Brothers Limited, Openshaw, Man-
chester, and RICHARD DODSON HULLEY, of Albert Road, Levenshulme, Man-
chester, Engineers, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement:-
The invention is mainly for improvements in governing internal combustion
motors, and in admitting, controlling and spraying oil for their fuel.
To enable our invention to be properly understood we append hereto 3 sheets
of drawings, in which Figure 1, Sheet 1, is an elevation of an arrangement for
operating the exhaust valve in accordance with this invention. Figure 2, Sheet 1,
is an elevation of the same arrangement at right angles to Figure 1. Figure 3,
Sheet 2, is an alternative arrangement in elevation. Figure 4, Sheet 2, is
another elevation at right angles to Figure 3. Figure 5 is a plan of the same;
and Figures and 7 show two views of the cam in detail. Figure 8, Sheet 3,
is a sectional elevation through the admission valve showing the arrangements
for admitting oil charges also in accordance with this invention.
In a motor constructed so as to embody these improvements and working on
the Otto, or four stroke, cycle, we employ a self-acting admission valve, which.
is opened automatically by suction caused by the outward charging stroke of
the piston every time that working strokes are desirable. When however such
working strokes are not desirable this suction valve is not opened, the exhaust
valve being kept open at this time so that exhaust gases are drawn back into
the cylinder, and the greatly reduced suction caused by the outward stroke of
the piston is not sufficient to overcome the spring holding the admission valve
closed. We are aware that this method of governing has been used, but we
employ novel arrangements of parts for this purpose.
In the arrangement shown in Sheet 1, Figures 1 and 2, the exhaust valve A
is shown in a horizontal position. It may however be vertical or in any other
position. It is opened by means of the rocking lever B, which is moved by
the roller C being in contact with the cam 1) on the side shaft of the engine
which rotates once for every two revolutions of the engine and opens the exhaust
valve A for every exhaust stroke, this operation being performed every time
an exhaust stroke is required so long as working strokes are desired. It will
be observed that on the same pin on which the roller C rotates there is a narrow
bowl which may move endwise upon the pin under control of any suitable
governor on the governor spindle by means of the transmitting lever G. So
long as working strokes are desired, the bowl E remains in the position shown
in Figure 2. Should the engine however tend to increase its speed beyond that
desired, the governor rises, moves the lever G, which shifts the bowl E on to
one or another of the steps of the cam H. The effect of the bowl E coming
on to one of the steps of the cam H is such that the exhaust valve A is opened
or rather prevented from closing during the suction stroke following the exhaust
stroke. Free communication is thus established between the cylinder and the
exhaust, so that instead of a fresh charge being drawn in through the admission
valve the exhaust is drawn back into the cylinder. When a working stroke is
desired to maintain the speed of the engine the governor having dropped mean-
while moves the lever G which pushes the bowl E sidewise so as to miss engag
ing with the steps on the cam H, and the exhaust valve thus not being opened
on the next suction stroke a charge.is drawn in through the admission valve in

page_text: the ordinary way. Instead of there being two cams D and H and two rollers
or bowls C and E, one bowl may be used running on a suitable path when
working strokes are desired and shifted into another path when working strokes
are not desired. It however seems preferable to employ the substantial roller C
for the ordinary purpose of opening the exhaust valve which entails some consider-
able pressure upon the gear, whereas a light narrow bowl similar to that shown
in Figure 2 is quite sufficient to operate the exhaust valve during the suction
stroke when there is very little work required to open the exhaust valve A.
An alternative arrangement is shown in Sheet 2, wherein an inertia governor
is employed, the operation of the two rollers and cams being however to all
intents and purposes similar to. that described and shown in Figures 1 and 2,
Sheet 1. I is the roller which operates the exhaust valve A in the ordinary
manner, being moved by the cam J. The second cam K operates the roller L,
which is held up to it by the spring M, and is fixed on the lever N, to the
upper end of which the inertia governor is attached. As the cams J and K
revolve in the direction shown by the arrow, cam Jallows the exhaust valve A
to close at the same time the cam K is operating the lever N somewhat rapidly.
Should this rapidity exceed a certain pre-determined speed, as defined by the
adjustable spring P, the weight of the inertia governor compresses the
spring 1 and throws up the blade Q which comes in contact with the recess R
on the end of the spindle of the exhaust valve A, engages in the recess and
opens the valve A; keeping it open during the next suction stroke. The action
of the arrangement shown on Sheet 2 is thus identical with the action of
the arrangement shown on Sheet 1. In place of the inertia governor Û an
ordinary governor may be used to operate the blade Q.
When the motor uses oil as fuel we employ a novel construction of admission
valve for controlling, spraying, measuring and mixing this oil with the air to form
the combustible charges, the arrangement we use being shown in section in
Figure 8, Sheet 3. The admission valve S is normally closed by the spring T,
which is so adjusted as to be strong enough to prevent the valve S being sucked
open whenever the exhaust valve A is held up as here above explained. The
stem of the valve S works in a bored guide U which is continued close up to
the head of the valve as shown. Near the head of the valve there is a recess V
turned in the valve stem. When the valve is closed, the recess V is charged
with oil through a pipe W and passage X. When the valve S is opened by the
suction its movement causes the recess V to open to one or more small holes YI
drilled through the guide U and placed preferably at right angles to the current
of air passing into the engine in the direction as shown by the arrows. As the
air rushes past the mouth of the little holes Y and the oil is issuing from these
little holes, such oil is violently broken up into a very fine spray and intimately
mixed with the air as it enters the cylinder. Z is a screw plug for regulating
the quantity of oil passing at each suction, and a is a screw plug regulating
the amount of suction on the air for the purpose of imposing a suitable suction
on the oil passing through the little holes Y. The oil may be supplied from an
overhead tank by means of a pump of any other suitable measuring arrangement.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what
we claim is :-
1. For the purpose of governing an internal combustion motor, the arrange-
ment of the exhaust valve A, together with the lever B; fitted with the
bowl C, which engages with the cam D, for opening the valve A, as well as the
bowl E, which engages with the cam H, when working strokes are not required
and disengages with the cam H when working strokes are required, as may be
decided by means of any suitable governor, substantially as described and illus-
trated in Figures 1 and 2, Sheet I of the accompanying drawings.
2. For the purpose of governing an internal combustion motor, the arrange-
ment of the exhaust valve A, together with a suitable lever and one bowl which

page_text: operates in conjunction with a suitable cam for the purpose of opening the
exhaust valve A, and may be moved endwise by means of a suitable governor
to operate in conjunction with a second cam, which decides the timing of the
closing of the exhaust valve A and whether working strokes are to be made or
not, substantially as described.
3. For the purpose of governing an internal combustion motor, the arrange-
ment of the exhaust valve A, together with two suitable levers, bowls and cams,
for opening and closing it, the second lever N carrying a blade Q controlled by
any suitable governor which times the closing of the exhaust valve A and thus
decides whether working strokes are to be made or not, substantially as described
and illustrated in Figures 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7, Sheet 2 of the accompanying
drawings.
4. In internal combustion oil motors having the governing decided by inter-
mittently closing or holding open the exhaust valve the use of an admission
valve in combination, so constructed as to open small passages for oil, as soon
as the admission valve has opened a little way, so placed as thoroughly to spray
the oil, substantially as described and illustrated in Figure 8, Sheet 3 of the
accompanying drawings.