Improvements in Attaching Pneumatic Tires to Wheels.
Year: 1892

page_text: Date of Application, 23rd Nov., 1892
Complete Specification Left, 23rd Sept., 1893-Accepted, 28th Oct., 1893
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Attaching Pneumatic Tires to Wheels.
I CHARLES HENRY GUEST of 45 Tower Road, Aston, Birmingham, in the
County of Warwick, Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention
to be as follows:-
My invention relates to the attachment of pneumatic tires to their rims by means
of wire.
According to my invention I provide for securing a tire by means of a single
wire and in such a manner that the covering can be readily loosened to permit the
exposure of the inflatable tube or air chamber.
In carrying out my invention I advantageously attach the wire at one end to a
suitable fixed point on the rim. The wire is then carried partly around the rim
and brought to one side of the same where it is secured to or enters one edge of the
cover and carried quite around the same, from this point the wire is carried to the
opposite side of the rim say during half a revolution and then secured to or enters
From the
the other edge of the covering and carried completely around the same.
point where this convolution of the wire terminates the wire is led towards a hole
through which the free end of the wire is passed or it may be fixed or looped on to
a suitable projection on the rim.
Instead of attaching the ends of the wire to the rim. I may attach the said ends
to the wire itself.
0011 of November 1892.
G. F. REDFERN & Co.,
4, South Street, Finsbury, London, Agents for the Applicant.
No text detected.

page_text: .
Figure 3 is a similar view to Figure 4 but shewing the edge secured by a wire
having only two convolutions.
Figure 6 is a diagrammatic view of the wire having two coils or convolutions.
Figure 7 is a similar view to Figure 1 but shewing the tyre attached by means
of one coil of three convolutions applied to each side of the cover :
Figure 8 is a diagram showing the coil after insertion :
Figures 9 and 10 are diagrams of the coil illustrating how it is manipulated to
attach to or remove the tyre from the rim of a wheel.
Similar letters in all the figures represent similar or corresponding parts.
The dotted lines in the coil diagrams Figures 3, 6, 8, 9, 10 indicate the portions
of the coil within the tubular edge or edges of the cover, and the full lines the
portions of the coils outside the cover.
According to the mode of carrying out my invention shown in Figures 1, 2 and 3
one end of the wire may be attached to a suitable fixed point on the rim but is by
preference attached as shown in Figure 3, to the other end of the wire so as to form
an endless coil. The wire is carried partly round the rim and brought to one side
of the same, where it is secured to or enters one edge of the cover and is carried
quite round the same, from this point the wire is carried to the opposite side of the
rim, say, during half a revolution and is then secured to or enters the other edge
of the covering and carried completely round the same, and is thence carried around
the rim to the starting point, where the free end may be attached to the rim
but is by preference attached to the other end of the wire at k so as to form a
complete coil.
a is the rim of the wheel, 6 the inflatable tube or air-bag, and c the jacket or
cover formed with tubular edges d in the usual manner.
In order to fix the tyre to the rim a the cover and air-bag having been placed
around the rim I take a wire of a length slightly greater than three times the
circumference of the channel of the rim and form the same into three coils as
shewn in Figure 2, one end of this wire, as shewn in Figure 3, is passed partly
around the rim, commencing, say, at k, and brought to one side of the same to
about 1, where it is passed into one of the tubular edges d of the jacket or cover c
and is then carried around inside the same back to l. From this point / the wire
passes out of the tubular edge and is carried to the opposite side of the rim, say,
for about half a revolution to m, and is then passed through the other tubular
edge d of the cover c and carried around inside the same, the end of the wire
passing out again at m and on to the starting point when the two ends are booked
or otherwise connected together (or the ends of the wire may be attached to the
rim) and the air-tube being inflated the tyre will be brought into the position
shewn in Figure 1.
By this arrangement when the attaching wire is in its position for fixing the tyre,
as shewn in the diagrammatic view, Figure 3, the diameter or circumference of the
convolutions of the wire is less than the larger. diameter or circumference of the
rim, and will therefore securely hold the tyre in position when the tube is inflated.
But the diameter of the convolutions is somewhat larger than the diameter of the
rim at the bottom of the trough, so as to allow a little slack for one convolution
to be enlarged at the expense of the others.
This arrangement of fixing a tyre allows of the cover and air-tube being
loosened or removed with great facility, for, in cases where an air-tube with closed
ends is employed, it is simply necessary to enlarge the convolution in one edge of
the cover, thereby contracting the other convolutions of the coil so that the said
edge of the cover can then be slipped over the rim. The other convolutions can
now be enlarged at the expense of the convolution free of the rim to allow of their
being also passed over the edge of the rim. To again apply the tyre the reverse
operations are necessary, but in neither case is it necessary to disconnect the ends
of the wire so that such ends may be permanently soldered together. In the case,
however, where an endless air-tube is employed it is necessary to disconnect the
ends of the wire to allow of taking out the said air-tube.

page_text: It will thus be seen that where the ends of the wire are attached to one another,
I am enabled by means of an endless coil with three convolutions to get the cover
on and off and secure it in place.
1st Modification. It is obvious that if one edge of the cover is cemented or
otherwise attached to the rim, I can apply my endless coil with three convolutions
to the other edge of the rim, in which case the wire makes two complete_con-
volutions inside one edge of the cover or jacket, and one without. Hence I am
enabled still to attain the advantages of my invention and to secure the cover by
means of a single wire.
This modification is illustrated in Figures 4, 8, 9, and 10. I take a wire as
hereinbefore described such as is shewn in Figure 2 and pass one end thereof
through a suitable hole into the tubular edge d of one side of the cover c com-
mencing, say, at e, Figure 8, and carry it around inside the said edge for about one
revolution; the wire is then brought outside the edge d, at say, fand passed about
half around the outside of the cover c, as shewn at 9, until about the point when
it is again passed through the edge d for a complete revolution, and at i it is again
brought outside the said edge and passed around the outside of the same up to j,
where the two ends of the wires are united together in any suitable manner, such
as by twisting the ends together and then soldering them.
To apply the tyre with its coils in one edge of the cover, the other edge having
been cemented or otherwise attached to the rim the air-tube is placed on the rim
and the diameters of the two convolutions of the wire inside the edge are enlarged
at the expense of the convolution which is outside the cover (as shewn in Figure 9)
to such an extent that the two said convolutions can be passed over the edge of
the rim a of the wheel into the channel of the rim. The two convolutions having
been passed over the edge of the rim, are then contracted to less than their normal
diameter by enlarging the other convolution, as shewn in Figure 10, which con-
volution is then passed over the rim. On the air-tube being inflated the three
convolutions of the wire will lie side by side, as clearly shewn in Figure 4 within
the rim so that they cannot slip off, the tyre being thereby securely attached to
the rim.
To get at or remove the air chamber the convolution of the wire outside the
cover is first enlarged, as shewn in Figure 10, and being slipped over the rim the
other two convolutions of the wire are then enlarged, as. shewn in Figure 9, when
the air chamber can be removed.
It will be observed that in order to get sufficient slack to take the cover off and
on by means of the arrangements of endless coil herein before described the coil
should consist of at least three convolutions of wire. But if the ends of the wire
are detachably connected two convolutions will be sufficient.
2nd Modification. Figures 5 and 6 illustrate such a modification in which the coil
around the edge of the cover has only two convolutions one within the tubular
edge and the other composed of the ends of the wire without the tubular edge. In
this case the ends of the wire cannot be permanently connected to one another, but
must be hooked together so that they can be unhooked in order to open the cover
or the ends of the wire may be otherwise detachably connected. Only sufficient
slack wire to unhook the ends, will now be necessary.
Although in the last two cases I have shewn and described my wire as applied
to one edge of the cover the other edge being cemented or otherwise attached to
the rim, it will be obvious that these arrangements may be duplicated, and that the
cover may be attached by means of a coil of wire arranged as shown in Figure 4
or Figure 5. Such an arrangement with wires having three convolutions is illus-
trated in Figure 7, which shows a duplication of the arrangement in Figure 4, and
needs no further description.
Although in practice I have found it advantageous to connect or secure the ends
of the wire as herein before described yet I wish it to be understood that the ends
of the wire may be left loose when about three convolutions of wire at least are
used as the friction will then be sufficient to secure the wire. In this case the

page_text: three convolutions of the coil may be passed through the tubular edge of the cover,
the several convolutions lying one against the other within the tubular edge and
the ends of the wire may project outside the cover. When the tyre has been
placed in position the projecting ends of the wire are pulled in opposite directions
to reduce the diameter of the convolutions of the wire sufficiently to draw the
edges of the cover into the groove or channel of the rim, the ends of the wire being
tucked in between the said cover and the rim. When the air-chamber is inflated
the cover will be firmly held without it being necessary to fasten the euds of the
wire, the pressure of the air against the cover producing sufficient friction to
prevent the wires from slipping. In this case the wire I employ is as shewn in
Figure 2 and when passed into the tubular edge of the rim the convolutions lie side
by side as shewn in that figure, the ends of the wire projecting outside the tubular
edge of the cover.
my
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is :-
1. The use of a coil of wire consisting of three convolutions for attaching.
pneumatic tyres to the rims of wheels, two of such convolutions being within the
two tubular edges of the cover (as shewn in Figure 1) or one edge of the cover
(as shown in Figure 4) and the other convolution lying within the rim, substantially
as described.
2. The method of attaching pneumatic tyres to the rims of wheels by means of
a wire consisting of at least three convolutions, the ends of which are united so as
to form an endless coil passed partly within the tubular edge or edges of the jacket
or cover of the air-tube and partly without in such a manner that the diameter of
the edge, or edges of the cover may be increased or diminished for taking off and
putting on the tyre, substantially as hereinbefore described.
3. A pneumatic tyre cover having tubular edges in combination with a coil of
wire having three convolutions, one of such convolutions lying within the rim of
the wheel, the other two convolutions passing one through each of the tubular
edges of the jacket or cover, the ends of the wire being then attached to one another
(or connected to the rim) substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to
Figures 1 and 3, of the accompanying drawing.
4. A pneumatic tyre cover having a tubular edge in combination with an endless
coil of wire having three convolutions, two of such convolutions being within the
tubular edge of the jacket or cover and the other convolution outside such tubular
edge, substantially as herein before described with reference to Figures 4, 8, 9
and 10 of the accompanying drawing.
5. A pneumatic tyre cover having a tubular edge in combination with a coil of
wire having about three convolutions of wire at least, the coil being passed through
the tubular edge of the jacket and the free projecting ends lying in the groove or
channel of the rim and being retained in place by friction, substantially as
hereinbefore described.
6. A pneumatic tyre cover having a tubular edge in combination with a coil of
wire having two convolutions, one of which lies within the tubular edge and the
other without it, the ends being booked or otherwise detachably connected together,
substantially as described with reference to Figures 5 and 6.
1000
G. F. REDFERN & Co.,
4, South Street, Finsbury, London, Agents for the Applicant. -