AN IMPROVED APPARATUS AND ARRANGEMENT OF FLUES FOR HEATING AND VENTILATING BUILDINGS, SHIPS, AND OTHER STRUCTURES, AND FOR CAUSING DRAUGHTS IN CHIMNIES
Year: 1859

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Thomas Jones, of Liverpool, in the County of
Lancaster, Slater and Plasterer, for the Invention of "AN IMPROVED
APPARATUS AND ARRANGEMENT OF FLUES FOR HEATING AND VENTILATING
BUILDINGS, SHIPS, AND OTHER STRUCTURES, AND FOR CAUSING DRAUGHTS IN
CHIMNIES."
Sealed the 4th November 1859, and dated the 6th May 1859.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Thomas Jones at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 6th
May 1859.
I, THOMAS JONES, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, Slater and
Plasterer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IM-
PROVED APPARATUS AND ARRANGEMENT OF FLUES FOR HEATING AND VENTILATING
BUILDINGS, SHIPS, AND OTHER STRUCTURES, AND FOR CAUSING DRAUGHTS IN
CHIMNIES," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object the heating, ventilating, prevention of
cold draughts, saving of fuel, and preservation of property in buildings, ships,
and other structures. I accomplish this by having a flue, shaft, or equivalent
carried a sufficient height into the atmosphere to secure purity, through which
I conduct air to an apparatus or chamber connected to a fire grate, stove, or
other fire-place; this apparatus or chamber may be made of various shapes,

page_text: either in metal or clay, but retaining the syphon principle. The atmosphere
is heated and passed forward from this chamber, to be distributed over, say,
in a dwelling house, the rooms above, and those on the same floor, the heated
air entering the apartment near the floor. Foul air may be drawn from
vaults, cellars, and holds of vessels into the chamber already described, there
rarefied and passed into the chimney, which will cause a draught, or it may be
made to supply a fire with the means of combustion, partly or wholly.
Various arrangements may be adopted in connection with my principle of
conducting air from outside the building or structure by a flue or equivalent,
beating the air in the chamber or apparatus placed at, in, or near an ordinary
or other fire-place arranged on the syphon or air-ascending principle, and
thence distributed as afore described, and for the purposes set forth.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Thomas Jones in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 5th
November 1859.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, THOMAS
JONES, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, Slater and Plasterer, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Sixth day of May, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-nine, in the twenty-second year of
Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto
me, the said Thomas Jones, Her special license that I, the said Thomas Jones,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said
Thomas Jones, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time
agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland,
the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "AN IMPROVED
APPARATUS AND ARRANGEMENT OF FLUES FOR HEATING AND VENTILATING BUILD-
INGS, SHIPS, AND OTHER STRUCTURES, AND FOR CAUSING DRAUGHTS IN CHIMNIES,"
upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Thomas Jones, my
executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their,
or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to
be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent

page_text: Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the
said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Thomas Jones, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement (that is to say):-
My Invention relates to the heating, or warming and ventilating of houses,
ships, and other structures by atmospheric air, heated or otherwise; to effect
the same, I use an apparatus or chamber of a novel construction at the back
or sides of the usual fire-places, and an arrangement of flues leading to and
from the said apparatus or chamber, and also from the lower floors to the fire-
places in those above, the air in all cases passing into the chimnies, and thus
causing proper draught. By these improvements air draughts in apartments.
are obviated, pure atmosphere is supplied and maintained at any tempera-
ture, down draughts in chimnies prevented, and a considerable saving in the
consumption of fuel effected.
The apparatus at, say, the back of the usual fire-place consists of two
principal parts (made of fire-clay or other incombustible and heat retaining
material) forms, when bolted or placed together, a chamber or cavity in which
air may be heated for distributing and warming apartments; its peculiar con-
struction, analogous to the syphon, gives a progressive or forward motion to
the air led to it, thus allowing either cold or heated air to be distributed.
On the external wall of the building, a sufficient height in the air to secure
purity from surface vapours, is placed a shaft or flue, the other end, of which
is carried and admitted into the apparatus or chamber, where it is heated,
if required, and passed into a flue having branches or ramifications over the
structure, and distributed or diffused into the compartments by hollow skirt-
ings or otherwise in quantities as desired. Pure air thus admitted into rooms
near the floor is allowed to escape near the ceiling, say by an "Arnott's"
ventilator, thus causing draughts in the chimnies.
These arrangements are applicable to dwelling-houses of all kinds, but
particularly so to cottage property in large towns, coach and harness houses,.
and structures where there are many compartments, one fire on the basement
being sufficient to warm a large building. If a fire is lighted on the first
floor, all those apartments on the same and above can be heated, and foul air
from the cellars or kitchen can be drawn into the fire and "consumed;" in
ships, one or two fires on the lower deck would be sufficient to thoroughly
ventilate, and the danger from fire lessened. The temperature in every
apartment can be altered at pleasure by valves placed in the flues.

page_text: My improvements will be more clearly understood, by referring to the
accompanying Sheet of Drawings, and to the letters of reference thereon, in
which Fig. 1 represents an inside view of one of the principal slabs of the
apparatus or chamber; Fig. 2, an inside view of the other principal part;
Fig. 3, a side elevation of the same, closed and prepared for placing at the
back of a fire-grate in the stead of the usual fire clay tiles; Fig. 4, a section
of the apparatus at A, A; Figs. 5, 6, and 7, different modifications of the air
flues, passages, entrance and exit apertures of the apparatus or chamber;
Fig. 8, a partial transverse section of a house with my apparatus and arrange-
ment of flues. The same letters of reference represent the same parts in the
different views.
In Figs. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7, a represents the frame; b, projections or
divisions made of various shapes to divert the air over the surface of the
frame; c, entrance and exit apertures; d, stoppers made of the same material
as the frame of the apparatus; by closing these (i. e. placing them in the
apertures d,) the whole is put out of action. Air may be admitted into the
apparatus by any of the apertures, as shewn in Figs. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6, but
must escape by the opening diagonally opposite to it; e, bolts and nuts for
fastening the frame together. In Fig. 7, the air is admitted at the lower
aperture, and allowed to escape by one on the same side. Many modifications
may be made; the foregoing, however, serve to illustrate the principle.
In Fig. 8, j represents the walls; k, the floors; 1, the fire-places, fitted with
my improved apparatuses; m, the fresh air supply pipe or shaft; n, junction
pipes for supplying the fires with air; o, openings from the rooms; p, openings
into the rooms; q, flues for diffusing air and ventilating; r, taps for regulating
the quantities to be inducted or withdrawn; s, smoke flues; t, flue shewing
the exit of the air should the construction of apparatus, Fig. 7, be used. If
the arrangement is intended for ventilating only, the air should enter the
flue u by the valves o, and be carried forward through the apparatus or
apparatuses into the smoke flues near the top, and in some cases by a separate
flue outside the building. If intended for heating apartments on the same
floor only as that in which the apparatus is placed, the fresh air should enter
at the higher opening on the one side, and escape by the lower on the other,
as shewn by the horizontal flue q, on the second floor in Fig. 8. If for
heating the rooms above that in which the apparatus is fixed, the air enters
and is given off at the same side, say by the flue s, the quantity being regu-
lated by the valves r. If necessary to heat apartments in the floors above,
and also in that containing the apparatus, then two exit openings may be left,
one leading to a vertical, and the other to a horizontal flue. In all these

page_text: near the ceiling, say by an
The smoke is carried upwards
arrangements the apartments are ventilated
"Arnott's" valve opening into the smoke flues.
with the rarefied air, and down draughts are entirely prevented. Cold air
can be supplied by opening the taps r and exit openings o. The arrows shew
the course of the air in all the views.
Having now described the nature and particulars of my said Invention, I
would have it distinctly understood that I do not confine myself to any of the
modifications described, as such may be further modified and extended,
without departing from the principle of the same; but I claim as my Invention,
and which, to the best of my knowledge and belief has not been hitherto used
within the realm,-
Firstly, the construction and application of an apparatus or chamber to be
placed at the back or sides of fire-places, separately or in connection with the
air supply and distribution flues.
And, secondly, the general arrangement of the flues, all as herein described,
and for the purposes set forth.
In witness whereof, I, the said Thomas Jones, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Third day of November, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-nine.
In the presence of
JOHN T. KING, Patent Agent,
4, Clayton Square, Liverpool.
THOMAS JONES. (L.S.)