IMPROVEMENTS IN DOMESTIC FIRE-GRATES AND STOVES AND FITTINGS CONNECTED THEREWITH."
Year: 1882

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Jaffrey, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster,
for an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN DOMESTIC FIRE-GRATES AND STOVES
AND FITTINGS CONNECTED THEREWITH."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Jaffrey at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 28th January 1882.
JOHN JAFFREY of Manchester in the County of Lancaster. "IMPROVEMENTS
IN DOMESTIC FIRE GRATES AND STOVES AND FITTINGS CONNECTED THEREWITH."
The object of my Invention is to construct domestic fire-grates and stoves for
burning anthracite coal or other fuel for consuming smoke for the prevention of
smoky chimneys or periodical downdraughts and for ventilating a room or
rooms by means of a diffusion of heated fresh air, and the extraction of
vitiated air.
The fire grates and stoves have much the appearance of ordinary slow combustion
grates and the enclosed stoves now in general use.
I make the bottom and sides of the grates and stoves by preference of fire clay
slabs, in the bottoms of which I construct a flue or a series of flues for tho
admission of highly heated air into a combustion chamber under the said fire-clay
bottom.
I form a flue or flues in the front bars of the grates and stoves and in each side
of the bottom of the fire-place at the front cominunicating by side flues in the
cheeks of the grates and stoves with the aforesaid combustion chamber.
I construct a flue or flues or passage in the top of the grates and stoves carried
in a downward direction into the said combustion chamber-the products of
combustion are then conducted up a vertical, or nearly vertical, flue or flues connected
with the ordinary chimney.
I form a chainber or passage at the side or back of the stove in which air is
heated and which communicates with other rooms or with the room in which is
the fire to deliver the boatod air. I make openings below the combustion chamber
to draw in the vitiated air.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said John Jaffrey in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 28th July
1882.
JOHN JAFFREY of Manchester in the County of Lancaster.
RE IMPROVEMENTS
IN DOMESTIC FIRE-GRATES AND STOVES AND FITTINGS CONNECTED THEREWITH."
The object of my Invention is to construct domestic fire-grates and stoves, for
burning anthracite coal or other fuel for the prevention of smoky chimneys
or periodical downdraughts, for consuming smoke and for ventilating a room
or rooms by means of a diffusion of heated fresh air and the extraction of
vitiated air.
The firegrates and stoves have much the appearance of ordinary slow combustion
grates and the enclosed stoves now in general use: I make the bottom and sides
of the grates and stoves, by preference, of fire-clay slabs in the bottoms of
which I construct a series of flues or perforations for the admission of highly
heated air and the ignited gases into a combustion chamber under the said fire-clay
bottom.
I form a flue or flues at the back of the fire-basket of the grates and stoves,
through which the products of combustion are drawn into the aforesaid combustion
chamber, the front or covering for the aforesaid flue or flues I construct of a
series of fire-clay blocks forming when in position a perforated grid to prevent the
- burning fuel from falling into the aforesaid combustion chamber: I also form a
flue or passage on each side of the grates-or-stoves-through which the products of
combustion are carried in a downward direction into the aforesaid combustion
chamber; the products of combustion are then conducted through perforated
fire-clay bridges into a vertical or nearly vertical fluo or flues, which flues are
connected with the ordinary chimney.
In lighting the fire I allow the smoke to ascend in the ordinary manner when
fairly alight, however, I close the register when all the products of combustion
are drawn into the combustion chamber and from thence up the aforesaid vertical
flue or flues for the economy of fuel and for the regulation of heat I construct a
damper or valve in one of the back flues which allows either a slow or quick
combustion of the fuel, the top register being tightly closed all the products of
combustion must pass into the combustion chamber and through the perforated
fire clay bridges before entering the ordinary chimney.-A smoky chimney is thus
practically impossible.
I make these stoves and grates both ventilating and non-ventilating, also for
heating and diffusing fresh air.
And in order that my Invention may be fully understood and readily carried
into effect I will describe the accompanying Sheet of Drawings reference being had
to the Figures and letters marked thereon.
Fig. 1 is a front elevation of a fireplace constructed according to my Invention.
Fig. 2 is a sectional elevation of the same. Fig. 3 is an elevation of the
fire-place with the front part removed. Fig. 4 is a horizontal section showing
the lowest part of the fireplace. Fig. 5 is a horizontal section showing the
bottom and sides of the fire-basket and Fig. 6 is a plan of the top of the grate or
stove.
a a are the fireclay sides: 6 the grate bars: c the fireclay bottom, which is
perforated near the front to admit air and ignited gases into the combustion
chamber: dd are the fireclay blocks, forming when in position a perforated grid
or flues: e the fireclay back: f the combustion chamber and g g are the perforated

page_text: fireclay bridges through which the products of combustion must pass before
entering the updraught flues h that lead to the chimney: the bridges g g ensure
thorough combustion of the smoke and gases and prevent loss of heat: i is the
ashpan which serves to close the front of the combustion chamber: jj are
downward flues; the smoke and gases that rise from the fire pass down the flues jj
as indicated by the arrows and into the combustion chamber where they are
burned and the products of combustion pass through the perforations in the
bridges g and up the flues h h to the chimney: k is a valve to regulate the draught
in the flue h¹ and is a valve to open and close the damper which acts similarly to
the ordinary register, the said damper or register to be open only when the fire is
first lighted to admit the smoke directly to the chimney; when the damper / is
closed the draught takes a downward direction as indicated by the arrows in the
flues j. j.
Having stated the nature of my Invention and described the manner of per-
forming the same.
I declare that I claim.
1.-The combination with the combustion chamber f of the flues jj as and for
the purpose herein described and shown.
2. The grid formed of the blocks & substantially as and for the purpose herein
described and shown.
3. The perforated bridges 9 substantially as and for the purpose herein
described.
4-The perforations in the fireclay bottom cas and for the purpose herein
described and shown.
In witness whereof I the said John Jaffrey have hereunto set my hand and
seal this Twenty-sixth day of July One thousand eight hundred and
eighty-two.