CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE TREATMENT AND PREPARATION OF YARNS OR THREADS PREVIOUSLY TO DYEING
Year: 1859

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Nathaniel Greenhalgh, of Bolton, in the County of
Lancaster, Cotton Spinner, and William Shaw, of the same Place,
Cotton Spinner, and James Mallison, junior, of the same Place,' Yarn
Agent, for the Invention of "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE TREATMENT
Scaled the 2nd August 1859, and dated the 5th February 1859.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Nathaniel Greenhalgh,
William Shaw, and James Mallison at the Office of the Commissioners
of Patents, with their Petition, on the 5th February 1859.
We, NATHANIEL GREENHALGH, of Bolton, in the County of Lancaster,
Cotton Spinner, and WILLIAM SHAW, of the same Place, Cotton Spinner; and
JAMES MALLISON, junior, of the same Place, Yarn Agent, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE TREAT-
MENT AND PREPARATION OF YARNS OR THREADS PREVIOUSLY TO DYEING," to be as
follows:-
Our improvements relate to the treatment of yarns in the "cop," and
consists in so preparing the "cops" of yarn previously to dyeing as to enable
such "cops" of cotton thread or yarn, to take the same dye as a woollen;
worsted, or other analogous fibrous material when mixed and woven therewith
and dyed together in the condition of cloth. The "cops of yarn to be
prepared are placed in a suitable chamber in connection with an apparatus for

page_text: exhausting the air therefrom, and when the yarn is thus in vacuo a solution
of shumac or catechu, or any other equivalent containing tannin is to be
introduced, and the yarn thoroughly saturated; it is then submitted to the action
of bydro-extractors to dry out the superfluous moisture, and afterwards placed
in vacuo again and saturated with a solution of iron (say nitrate or sulphate),
it is then dried, and is in a condition to be woven into cloth with a woollen or
worsted substance, or alpaca, hair, &c., and both will be found to take the dye
or dyeing material or colour equally, and present the appearance of cloth
made or woven of one material only, thereby dispensing with the necessity
of dying the cotton yarn separately and previously to weaving as hitherto
done.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Nathaniel Greenhalgh, William Shaw, and James Mallison
in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 5th August 1859.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, NATHANIEL
GREENHALGH, of Bolton, in the County of Lancaster, Cotton Spinner, and
WILLIAM SHAW, of the same Place, Cotton Spinner, and JAMES MALLISON,
junior, of the same Place, Yarn Agent, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Fifth day of February, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-nine, in the twenty-second year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her. heirs and successors, give and grant unto us,
the said Nathaniel Greenhalgh, William Shaw, and James Mallison, Her
special licence that we, the said Nathaniel Greenhalgh, William Shaw, and
James Mallison, our executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as
we, the said Nathaniel Greenhalgh, William Shaw, and James Mallison, our
executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and·
no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend,
within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
TREATMENT AND PREPARATION OF YARNS OR THREADS PREVIOUSLY TO DYEING," upon
the condition (amongst others) that we, the said Nathaniel Greenhalgh,
William Shaw, and James Mallison, our executors or administrators, by an
instrument in writing under our, or one of our, or their, or one of their hands
and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said.

page_text: Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the
same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months
next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said Nathaniel Greenhalgh, William Shaw,
and James Mallison, do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention, and.
in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement and accompanying Drawings,.
that is to say:-
Our improvements relate to the treatment of yarns in the "cop," and
consist in so preparing the "cops" of yarn previously to dyeing as to enable
such "cops" of cotton thread or yarn, to take the same dye as the woollen,.
worsted, or other analogous fibrous material with which the cotton may be
mixed when woven and dyed together as one fabric. The cops" of yarn to
be treated according to our Invention are placed in a suitable chamber in
connection with an apparatus for exhausting the air therefrom, and when the
yarn is thus in vacuo a solution of shumac or catechu, or any other equivalent:
containing tannin, is to be introduced (which may be effected by means of a
force pump if required), and the yarn thoroughly saturated; it is then
submitted to the action of "bydro-extractors" to dry out the superfluous
moisture, and afterwards placed in vacuo again, and (if to be dyed black)
saturated with a solution of iron (say, nitrate or sulphate), it is then dried and
is in a condition to be woven into cloth with a woollen or worsted substance,
or alpaca, hair, or other similar fibre, and both will be found to take the same
dye or dyeing material or color, and present the appearance of cloth made or
woven with the cotton yarn previously dyed, thereby dispensing with the
necessity of dyeing the cotton yarn separately and previously to weaving as
hitherto done.
In order that the Invention may be better understood and explained in
detail, we have hereunto attached a Sheet of Drawings illustrative of an
apparatus which may be employed for effecting the thorough saturation of the
cops" of yarn, but is herein shewn only as an example.
64
Figure 1 is a side view of the apparatus, in which a, a, is the chamber in
which the "cops" are placed, and from which the air is first exhausted by
means of the air-pump 6 through the pipe c, thus placing the cops in vacuo,
the air having been sufficiently extracted, the pumps & may be caused to force
into the said chamber a solution of shumac, catechu, or other substance
containing tannin, which permeates the "cops" and leaves them thoroughly
saturated; or the said solution may flow into the chamber without the use of
force pumps. The cops are then removed by means of the manhole a¹, and

page_text: dried by "hydro-extractors" or by other convenient means; they are then
replaced in the chamber and treated in a similar manner with a solution of
iron or other equivalent, and after they are thoroughly saturated they are
removed to be finally dried, when they are ready prepared to be woven and
dyed when mixed with wool or other analogous substance..
. Having now described the nature of the said Invention and in what`
manner the same is to be performed, we wish it to be distinctly understood
that we do not claim as of our Invention or the exclusive use of the several
processes or apparatus herein-before described and referred to when taken
separately or employed for any other purpose other than our said Invention,
and we hereby declare that we claim as of our Invention treating yarns in the
"cop" previously to dyeing in vacuo in the manner herein-before described, in
order that the yarn of cotton when woven or mixed with wool, worsted, hair,
or other similar substance may take or receive the same dye or color, and
present the appearance of a fabric woven or made with the cotton yarn
previously dyed.
In witness whereof, I, the said James Mallison, junior, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Fifth day of August, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-nine.
JAMES MALLISON, JUNIOR. (L.S.)