IMPROVEMENTS IN AND RELATING TO PUMPS
Year: 1884

page_text: I JAMES KEOGH of Baltic Buildings, Redcross Street, Liverpool in the County
of Lancaster, Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
IMPROVEMENTS IN AND RELATING TO PUMPS to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to certain improvements in pumps and has for its object
the saving of power in forcing water up to any height, as compared to the power
usually exerted in forcing water with pumps of the usual construction.
A pump according to this Invention consists of a pump barrel, which is placed
at, or near the level of the water to be lifted and forced up. The pump barrel is
provided with a suction pipe and a foot, or inlet valve, and with a pump barrel
pipe, which extends from the cover of the pump barrel to the pump handle and
serves as a lead for the pump rod. The pump barrel is also provided with a
delivery, or discharge pipe, which leads from the bottom of the pump barrel to
an air vessel. At its junction to the air vessel the pipe is provided with a delivery,
or discharge valve, and from the air vessel ascends the main delivery, or
discharge pipe to the required height. The pump barrel is provided with a piston,
which is fitted with a small double acting valve, which may take the form of two
mushroom valves connected by a spindle, one valve having its seat on the top of the
piston, and the other valve having its seat on the under side of the piston. The
pump barrel pipe is provided with a small outlet, or overflow orifice, which is
positioned someway up the pump barrel pipe, a convenient place being midway
between the suction valve of the pump barrel and the pump handle.
The working of the pump may be thus described (the pump handle being taken
as a lever of the first order) the end of which is connected by the pump rod to
the piston in the pump barrel). When the piston in the pump barrel is raised by
pressing down the pump handle, the small valve on the top of the piston closes
and the discharge valve at the foot of the air vessel also closes and the suction .
valve of the pump barrel opens the water rushes up into the pump barrel and on
lifting the pump handle the piston descends allowing a small quantity of water
to pass through the valves of the piston and forcing the rest of the water through
the discharge valve into the air vessel and up the discharge pipe. The action.

page_text: being repeated until there is a column of water which has passed through the
piston valves and into and fills the pump barrel pipe up to the small orifice, or
outlet before spoken of. The column of water above the piston in the pump
barrel pipe thus balances an equal column of water in the discharge pipe and
power is only required to force the water from this level in the discharge pipe
up to the point of discharge. Thus in this pump a column of water in the pipe
over and communicating with the pump barrel serves to counterbalance an equal
column of water in the delivery pipe. At half the distance between the pump
barrel and the discharge pipe outlet, the small opening in the pump barrel pipe
serves as an overflow and allows about one per cent. of the water to flow out to
waste, the rest of the water being discharged through the delivery pipe. Thus
the pump barrel is maintained full of water as high as the said small orifice and a
certain supply of water is constantly passing up through the small valves in the
piston to maintain this column of water in the pump barrel pipe, and this column
of water counterbalances a similar one in the discharge. pipe so that no power is
required to maintain this column in the discharge pipe. Upon raising the pump
handle the weight of the column of water in the pump barrel pipe, together with,
the piston and pump rod serves to diminish the force to be exerted. By the
downward movement of the piston the water is forced into the air vessel with a
jerk, owing to the energy with which the piston passes down and in this way the
principle is evolved by which the water forces itself up the delivery pipe, in
manner similar to that which occurs in working a hydraulic ram.
From the foregoing it will be seen that the force exerted on a column of water
in a tube of 60 feet has to bear the strains on only half the column, say 30 feet
either way, that is the weight of the column between the discharge outlet and the
orifice in the pump barrel pipe. The object is to keep the weight lifted, as low as
the circumstances allow, having due regard to the distance between the pump and
the discharge outlet., It has been found that if the balancing column is maintained
at half the distance between the pump and the discharge outlet (whatever that
may be) it offers the best advantage for working this sort of pump.
Dated this Seventeenth day of January 188A
°

page_text: I JAMES KEOGH of Baltic Buildings, Redcross Street, Liverpool, in the County
of Lancaster, Merchant do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
IMPROVEMENTS IN AND RELATING TO PUMPS and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:—
:
This Invention relates to certain improvements in pumps, and has for its object
the saving of power in forcing water up to any height, as compared to the power
usually exerted in forcing water with pumps of the usual construction.
The following is a description of this Invention in such full, clear and distinct
language as to enable any one skilled in the art to which it belongs to put the
same into practice, reference being had to the accompanying Sheet of Drawings
and to the Figures and letters of reference marked thereon, like letters and Figures
being used to denote the same, or corresponding parts throughout the various
views.
Figure 1 is a side elevation of a pump constructed according to this Invention.
Figure 2 is a side elevation of a pump according to this Invention arranged for
short depths.
•
Figure 3 is a side elevation of a pump according to this Invention arranged as a
force pump.
The
A pump constructed according to this Invention consists of a pump barrel A
which is placed at, or near the level of the water to be lifted and forced up. The
pump barrel A is provided with a suction pipe A¹ and with a foot, or inlet valve a,
and with a pump barrel pipe F, which extends from the cover of the pump
barrel A to the pump handle f and serves as a lead for the pump rod e.
pump barrel A is also provided with a delivery, or discharge pipe A2, which leads
from the bottom of the pump barrel A to an air vessel D. At the junction of the
air vessel D with the delivery pipe A² there is a valve d, which acts as a delivery
or discharge valve. From the air vessel D ascends the main delivery, or discharge
pipe G, which is taken up to the required height. The pump barrel A is provided
with a piston B attached to the pump rod e and worked by the pump handle f.
The piston B is fitted with a small double acting valve b, which may take the form
of two mushroom valves connected by a spindle, one of such valves having its seat
on the top of the piston and the other having its seat on the underside of the
piston. The pump barrel. pipe F is provided with a small outlet, or overflow
orifice E which is positioned someway up the pump barrel pipe F, a convenient
place being midway between the suction valve of the pump barrel A and the pump
handle f, as shown in Figure 1.
The working of the pump may be thus described. (The pump handle f being
taken as a lever of the first order the end of which is connected by the pump rod e
to the piston B in the pump barrel A). When the piston B in the pump barrel A
is raised by pressing down the pump handle f, the small valve b on the top of the
piston B closes and the discharge valve d at the foot of the air vessel D also closes,
and the suction valve a of the pump barrel A opens, the water rushes up into the

page_text: pump barrel A; and on lifting the pump handle the piston B descends allowing a
small quantity of water to pass through the valves 6 of the piston B into the
pipe F, and forcing the rest of the water through the discharge valve d into the
air vessel D and up the discharge pipe G the action being repeated until there is
a column of water, which has passed through the valve b of the piston B and into
and filling the pump barrel pipe F up to the small orifice, or outlet E before spoken
of. This column of water above the piston B in the pump barrel pipe F balances
an equal column of water in the discharge pipe G, and power is only required to
force the water from this level in the discharge pipe, namely from the level of the
orifice E up to the discharge outlet H of the pipe G.
Thus in this pump a column of water in the pipe F over and communicating
with the pump barrel A serves to counterbalance an equal column of water in the
delivery pipe G at half the distance between the pump barrel A and the discharge
pipe outlet H: the small orifice at E in the pump barrel pipe F serves as an
overflow and allows about one per cent. of the water to flow out to waste, the rest
of the water being discharged through the delivery pipe G.
Thus the pump
barrel A and pump barrel pipe F is maintained full of water as high as the said
small orifice E and a certain supply of water is constantly passing up through the
small valves b in the piston B to maintain this column of water in the pump
barrel pipe F, and this column of water counterbalances a corresponding column
of water in the discharge pipe G so that no power is required to maintain this
column of water in the discharge pipe G. Upon raising the pump handle f, the
weight of the column of water in the pump barrel pipe F together with the
piston B and pump rod e-serves to diminish the force to be exerted. By the down-
ward movement of the piston B, the water is forced into the air vessel D with a
jerk, owing to the energy with which the piston B passes down, and in this way
the principle is evolved by which the water forces itself up the delivery pipe G in
manner similar to that which occurs in working a hydraulic ram.
For short depths the overflow orifice E from the pump barrel pipe F may be
positioned as shown at Figure 2 the discharge of the delivery pipe G being at the
higher level as shown.
Figure 3 illustrates the effect if the column of water in the pump barrel pipe F
is equal in height to the delivery pipe G and if the overflow orifice E is at the
same level as the delivey outlet H.
From the foregoing it will be seen that the force exerted on a column of water in
a tube of 60 feet has to bear the strains on only half the column, say 30 feet either
way, that is the weight of the column between the discharge outlet and the orifice
in the pump barrel pipe. The object is to keep the weight lifted as low as the
circumstances allow having due regard to the distance between the pump and the
discharge outlet. It has been found that if the balancing column is maintained at
half the distance between the pump and the discharge outlet whatever that may
be, it offers the best advantage for working this sort of pump.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim is:
First. The method substantially herein described of balancing, or partly balancing
the column of water in the delivery pipes of pumps which method consists of
maintaining a column of water over the piston, or plunger of the pump as herein
described and shown in the Drawings hereto annexed..
Second. In a pump of the type herein described the combination of a valved
piston B, pump barrel pipe F overflow orifice E, whereby a column of water is
admitted into the pump barrel pipe F and maintained and whereby the column of
water in the delivery pipe is balanced, or partly balanced, as herein set forth.
Third. The arrangement and construction of pump, as herein described and
-shown at Figure 1 of the Drawings hereto annexed..

page_text: Fourth. The arrangement and construction of pump as herein described and
shown at Figure 2 of the Drawings hereto annexed.
Fifth. The arrangement and construction of pump as herein described and shown
at Figure 3 of the Drawings hereto annexed.