A NEW METHOD OF JOINING SHEET IRON, CAST IRON, G
Year: 1858

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Jozé Luis, Patent Agent, of No. 1B, Welbeck Street,
Cavendish Square, London, in the County of Middlesex, for the Inven-
tion of "A NEW METHOD OF JOINING SHEET IRON, CAST IRON, GUTTA
Sealed the 5th April 1859, and dated the 6th October 1858.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Jozé Luis at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition on the 6th October
1858.
I, JOZE LUIS, Patent Agent, of No. 1B, Welbeck Street, Cavendish Square,
London, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "A NEW METHOD OF JOINING SHEET IRON, CAST IRON, GUTTA
PERCHA, & OTHER TUBES, BY MEANS OF MUPPLES," a communication to me from
a foreigner now residing abroad, to be as follows:-
The tubes are joined by means of cast or wrought iron muffles, which have
been previously tinned in the casting, & ferrule of soft metal, such as lead, is
introduced; this ferrule is cylindrical and perfectly even, & its diameter.
is in accordance to the circumference of the extremities of the tube. The
circular grooves at the extremities of the tubes are filled with tram yarn
which has been coated with wax, grease, and black lead, the two tubes are
then made to enter one muffle, care being taken that each enters an equal

page_text: distance, to facilitate the entrance of the tubes, the joints are rubbed with grease
mixed with black lead, and by repeated blows the tubes are made to enter, and
as a better security the two ends of the muffle are soldered with lead.
The pipes can be easily removed without cutting the join or melting the
lead, it being only necessary to agitate the end of the tube which is at liberty,
and the nomovel is affected
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Jozé Luis in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
6th April 1859.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOZE
Luis, of No. 1, Welbeck Street, Cavendish Square, London, in the County
of Middlesex, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Sixth day of October, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and fifty-eight, in the twenty-first year of Her reign,
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said
Jozé Luis, Her special licence that I, the said Jozé Luis, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Jozé Luis, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no
others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend,
within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "A NEW METHOD OF JOINING
SHEET IRON, CAST IRON, GUTTA PERCHA, AND OTHER TUBES, BY MEANS OF MUFFLES,"
a communication, upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Jozé
Luis, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my
or. their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and
ascertain the nature of the said Invention and in what manner, the same
was to be performed, and cause the same to be; filed in the Great Seal

page_text: Patent Office within six calender months next and immediately after the
date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Jozé Luis, do hereby declare the
nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement and accompanying Drawings, that is to say:-
The Invention consists of a new system of junction applied to tubes of cast
iron, copper, or other metal. To establish this joint, the tubes of cast iron A
are made in a certain form, having at each extremity a raised even cylindrical
part B, having two circular grooves C and a collar to limit the extent of the
joint & at the same time serving to close it, see Fig. 1. The tubes thus made
are connected and joined by means of an iron muffle, tinued; to which is
soldered, in the casting or otherwise, a ring or inner belt of lead F, very even
in the interior, and whose diameter corresponds exactly to the circumference
of the ends of the tubes. To make the joint, two tubes, whose grooves have
been stuffed with hemp or wool done over with grease and black lead, are
introduced into one muffle, so that each tube penetrates an equal distance,
this can be effected by a screw or heavy hammer, according to the size of
the tube. It is necessary that the shoulder or collar D be driven with
sufficient force that it may penetrate about the tenth of an inch, or less, in
the ring of lead, in order to make a complete join; then, if thought necessary,
the work is terminated by knocking down the lead, which closes the ring.
This mode of joining tubes by means of muffles, furnished with lead, and
certain arrangements of the tubes permits of their being removed at very
little expense & with great ease. To remove a tube, the muffles at each
end are made to slip one on each adjoining tube to the one to be removed,
care being taken before hand to remove or chip off the collar or shoulder.
The tube can then be replaced by another piece, the two muffles are slipped
over the fresh tube and the lead knocked down to form the joint.
Fig. 2. The second manner of forming a joint consists in giving to one end
of the tube A, which must be very even and circular, the two circular grooves
B & the collar or shoulder D to limit the length of the joint, and to the other
end of the tube an ordinary box joint C, having two interior grooves E, in
which is adapted a ring of lead, either in the casting or otherwise, the lead
must be perfectly even and cylindrical in the interior.
Fig. 3. After having manufactured the tubes of cast iron I placed them in a
vertical position in a mould B of cast iron, in which a circular groove C is
made, which I fill with molten lead in order to form the ring D; when-cold,

page_text: I withdraw the tube A with the lead adhering to it. I then remove the lead,
which adheres to the exterior of the tube, leaving the inner part to serve for
joining. The joining of the tubes thus constructed is done by filling the
grooves with stuffing of hemp or wool P which has previously been coated
with grease and black lead, as well as the interior of the box joint C. The two
tubes are then made to enter into one another as above described, forcing the
collar to enter a little in the ring of lead, which may then be knocked down if
thought necessary.
The third manner of joining tubes, whether of cast iron, baked clay, or
other tubes, is as follows:-
Fig. 4. I give the ends of the tubes a circular bevelled edge (see Fig. 5),
continued some length. The oblique line of one of the edges B goes from
inside to outside, and the other B from outside to inside of the mantle of the
tube, in such a manner as to form a conical joint made in the thickness; the
outside can be beaten down if thought necessary. The tube thus constructed
can be joined with great facility and little expense.
For this purpose, a piece
of hemp or wool, impregnated with grease, wax, or other fat substance, mixed
with black lead, is bound round the inner tube; the two parts (Fig. 5) forming
the joint are then coated with a gummy waterproof liquid, they are then made
to penetrate as far as possible, one in the other, in order to close the joint
completely, a small blade of lead may be introduced between the tubes and
knocked down as further security. By this mode of joining, the pipes are
cylindrical, and all projecting collars, &c., are suppressed, together with the
muffles and the leaden rings, prepared before or cast on the place, and the
labour is considerably diminished; the placing the pipes can be carried on
much more rapidly, & the weight and price of transport is reduced one-sixth.
The application of this new system of conical joint formed in the thickness
of the mantle of the tube is accomplished in the following manner for the
tubes A, manufactured of sheets either of paper, of cardboard, of wood, or
even tissue of hemp or any other textile tissue, covered with bitumen or any
other waterproof matter.
The sheet B (see Fig. 6), destined to form a tube is first covered by hot
bitumen, then rolled into a screw shape C round a mould, which determines
the diameter of the tube, in such a manner as to form at each end a bevelled
edge, the one interior D', the other exterior D, see Fig. 7. When the mantle
of the tube is sufficiently thick, and the circular bevelled edge sufficiently
long, (Fig. 7) I withdraw the mould from inside of the now manufactured
tube, and I proceed to the joining as follows:-I heat, first of all, the conical

page_text: parts forming the joint with a mould of iron having the shape of the bevelled
parts, and these I then coat with a waterproof mixture; I then bring the two
tubes together, the one G passing into the other H, pressing at the same time
on the ends at liberty till the other ends have penetrated far enough to make
a secure joint, thus terminating the operation of joining tubes composed of
thin sheets, &c.
In witness whereof, I, the said Jozé Luis, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this Sixth day of April, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and fifty-nine.
JOZE LUIS. (L.B.)