IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF FLOOR CLOTHS AND FABRICS SUITABLE FOR WALL HANGINGS OR DECORATIONS AND FOR OTHER USES.”AL SPFICATION
Year: 1879

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Frederick Walton, of Heatham House, Twickenham,
in the County of Middlesex, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF FLOOR CLOTHS AND FABRICS SUITABLE FOR WALL
HANGINGS OR DECORATIONS AND FOR OTHER USES.”
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Frederick Walton at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 13th December 1879.
FREDERICK WALTON, of Heatham House, Twickenham, in the County of
Middlesex. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF FLOOR CLOTHS AND
FABRICS SUITABLE FOR WALL HANGINGS OR DECORATIONS AND FOR OTHER
USES."
This Invention has for its object improvements in the manufacture of floor cloths
and fabrics suitable for wall hangings or decorations and for other uses.
In the manufacture of fabrics of this nature from compositions of oxidised or
solidified oil some difficulty is now experienced from the liability in such fabrics to
undergo changes of form sufficient to derange the fitting from one width to another
of any pattern or device with which the fabric may be ornamented by printing or
embossing, as the case may be.
As at present manufactured such fabrics have usually a back consisting of a
strong but loosely woven fabric of jute, which opposes a resistance to extension in
two directions, but permits and perhaps aids in producing other changes of form,
besides which backings of this sort are rough and unsightly.
According to this Invention I produce such fabrics with a back consisting of a
woven fabric combined with paper by means of an oxidised oil cement.
I employ a pair of rollers revolving together, and I lead both the woven fabric
and the continuous paper between them, one over one roller, the other over the
other roller. In the trough like space between the paper and fabric as they come
together up to the nip of the rollers the cementing material is placed; this consists
of oxidised oil, color, gums, and resin, together with turpentine to soften the
mixture. The rollers are heated, and as the combined sheet leaves them the
turpentine evaporates and the cement sets at once.
apply the oxidised or solidified oil composition which forms the body of the
floor cloth or fabric to the compound backing in the following manner, which admits

page_text: of a lighter backing being employed than the method of spreading now in use:-
:-I
cause the body composition to be rolled out into a sheot between two rollers revolving
at somewhat different speeds, and one of which I keep hot and the other cold. The
sheet as it is produced adheres to the cool roller, which is driven at the higher
velocity. As it passes round on the face of this roller it meets another roller around
which the compound backing, prepared as already described, is led, and the compo-
sition being thus pressed against the backing adheres to it firmly and leaves the
surface of the roller.
If, as in the case of a fabric for wall decoration, an embossed pattern is to be
produced a roller is employed with the pattern upon it, and the sheet of compo- 1
sition is moulded by the pattern surface.
The paper surface of the backing is afterwards painted to give it a fine surface
and to render it waterproof.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Frederick Walton in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 12th June
1880.
FREDERICK WALTON, of Heathan House, Twickcham, in the County of
Middlesex. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THEe ManufactURE OF FLOOR CLOTHS AND
FABRICS SUITABLE FOR WALL HANGINGS OR DECORATIONS AND FOR OTHER
USES."
This Invention has for its object improvements in the manufacture of floor cloths
and fabrics suitable for wall hangings or decorations and for other uses.
In the manufacture of fabrics of this nature from compositions of oxidised or
solidified oil some difficulty is now experienced from the liability in such fabrics to
undergo changes of form sufficient to derange the fitting from one width to another
of any pattern or device with which the fabric may be ornamented by printing or
embossing, as the caso may be.
As at present manufactured such fabrics have usually a back consisting of a
loosely woven fabric of jute or cotton which opposes a resistance to extension in
two directions, but permits and perhaps aids in producing other changes of form,
besides which backings of this sort are rough and unsightly.
According to this Invention I produce such fabrics with a back consisting of a
woven fabric combined with paper by means of an oxidized oil cement.
I employ a pair of rollers revolving together, and I lead both the woven fabric
and the continuous paper between them, one over one roller, the other over the
other roller.
In the trough like space between the paper and fabric as they come together up
to the nip of the rollers the cementing material is placed; this consists of oxidized
oil, color, gums, and resin, together with turpentine to soften the mixture. The
rollers are heated, and as the combined sheet leaves them the turpentine evaporates
and the cement sets at once.

page_text: I apply the oxidised or solidified oil composition which forms the body of the
floor cloth or fabric to the compound backing in the following manner, which admits
of a lighter backing being employed than the method of spreading now in use :-I
cause the body composition to be rolled out into a sheet between two rollers
revolving at somewhat different speeds, and one of which I keep hot and the other
cold. The sheet as it is produced adheres to the cool roller, which is driven at the
higher velocity. As it passes round on the face of this roller it meets another roller
around which the compound backing, prepared as already described, is led, and the
composition being thus pressed against the backing adheres to it firmly and leaves
the surface of the roller.
If, as in the case of a fabric for wall decoration, an embossed pattern is to be
produced a roller is employed with the pattern upon it, and the sheet of composition
is moulded by the pattern surface.
The paper surface of the backing can be afterwards painted to give it a fine
surface and to render it waterproof.
In order that my said Invention may be most fully understood and readily
carried into effect, I will proceed to describe the Drawings hereunto annexed.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Figure 1 is a section of the machine which I employ for the purpose of preparing
the combined backing material. B, B, aro a pair of steam heated rollers; D is a
reel on which a continuous cloth is wound, and E is another reel holding continuous
paper. The cloth and the paper are led from these reels beneath guide rollers Cand
over the rollers B, B, the cloth passing over one roller B and the paper over the
other. A is a hopper standing between the rollers B, B, and in this hopper the
composition which I employ to combine the cloth with the paper is placed. The
cloth, the paper, and the composition passing together between the rollers B, B,
become combined into one compound fabric, which after passing under and over
other guide rollers C is wound up upon the reol F. This reel is driven by a strap
which is able to slip upon its pulley, or in any equivalent manner the reel F is
cansed to wind up the combined fabric delivered by the rollers B, B, and keep it
tight, but without exposing it to a strain sufficient to risk the fracture of the
fabric.
annist of the followin

page_text: Figure 2 of the Drawings represents a section of the machine which I employ for
the purpose of applying to the compound backing fabric, mado as above described,
the composition which forms the body of the floor cloth or fabric, and which com-
position may be similar to that now employed to form the body of linoleum or
oxidised oil fabrics, or like fabrics.
E is a reel on which the compound backing fabric is brought to the machine; it
is drawn off from this reel and passed by guide rollers C, C, to the drum D, which
is of wood covered with wire card, and there is a brake upon the axis of the drum
which can be adjusted to offer a sufficient resistance to the forward motion of the
backing fabric to keep it tightly strained. The compound fabric passes with the woven
fabric uppermost along the steam heated table H. The backing fabric meets the
body composition already rolled out into a sheet on the surface of the roller A²
Another roller A² revolves against the roller A', and the body composition is supplied
in a plastic state between these two rollers. The rollers A' and A' are both heatod
by steam admitted within them, but the quantity of steam is so regulated that the
roller A' shall be always considerably hotter than the roller A¹, whilst the latter
roller is driven at a higher velocity in the proportion of, say, 1 to 2. The body
composition in passing between the rollers A' and A' is formed into a sheet which
adheres to the surface of the roller A³, and is carried round by it and applied to the
surface of the backing fabric as this passes between the rollers A' and A³. The
third roller A³ is also steain heated, and the nip of the rollers A' and A³ causes the
body fabric to adhere firmly to the backing. If the fabric in process of manufacture
is to bo smooth on the surface the small roller B is not employed, but the fabric
passes at once over the drum F. This drum is clothed with wire cards, and it is
driven at the proper velocity for carrying the fabric forward through the machine.
G is a pressing roller to insure that the cards on the drum F shall obtain a sufficient
hold upon the fabric.
The roller B is employed when it is desired that the face of the fabric shall havo
an embossed or raised pattern upon it to render it suitable for wall decoration and
the like. The roller has a suitably ongraved metal face, and it is kept very hot by
means of high pressure steam.
The roller B is set up towards the roller A³ sufficiently closely to cause a slight
accumulation or banking up of the composition behind the nip of the rollers to
ensure the hollows of the roller B being completely filled.
After the floor cloth or fabric leaves the machine the under surface can be
painted over the paper to prevent it absorbing moisture and to give it a more
sightly appearance.
Having thus described the nature of my said Invention, and the manner of
performing the same, I would have it understood that 1 claim,-
First. The manufacture of floor cloths, wall hangings, and like composition
fabrics, with a compound backing of paper and a woven cloth, substantially as
described.
Second. The means of and apparatus for producing the compound backing of
paper and woven cloth, substantially as described.
Third. The means of and apparatus for applying the body composition to the
backing fabric, substantially as described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Frederick Walton, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Fifth day of June, in the year of our Lord One thousand
eight hundred and eighty.
FREDERICK WALTON. (L.B.)
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