Year: 1886

page_text: I, JAMES MACTEAR, of No. 2 Victoria Mansions, in the City of Westminster,
Chemist, do hereby declare the nature of this Invention (a communication from
J. Kolb, of Lille, France, Manufacturing Chemist) to be as follows, that is to say :-
This Invention has for its object the raising of liquids by improved and simple
apparatus, the parts through which the liquid passes having no valves, pistons, or
other moving pieces.
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The invention is based on the principle that a column of liquid mixed with air
or gas or in the form of a gaseous emulsion is as a whole of less gravity than an
equal column of the same liquid in a solid or unmixed state.
is
In carrying out the Invention according to one modification a pipe in the form of
an inverted siphon has its shorter leg connected to a reservoir containing the liquid
to be raised whilst its longer leg extends up to an elevated reservoir. A small pipe
is connected to the longer leg near its lower end and air or any suitable gas
forced in by this small pipe, the pressure of air required being what will overcome
the head due to the lower reservoir. The air introduced in this way forms a
succession of bubbles which rising up the longer leg of the inverted siphon carry
liquid with them; and for the liquid to be raised in this way it is simply necessary
for the total weight of liquid and air in the longer leg to be somewhat less than
the weight of the solid liquid in the shorter leg.
In a second modification the liquid is raised by suction the upper reservoir being
a closed one and having connected to it a pipe leading to a suction pump or an
ejector or other suitable exhausting apparatus. In this modification a pipe without
an inverted siphon bend connects the lower reservoir to the upper one, this pipe
having an opening near its lower end to admit air. The air entering the pipe and
mixing with the liquid enables the apparatus to raise the liquid much higher than
the suction power employed would otherwise raise it. The closed upper reservoir
may be emptied periodically, or the action may be made continuous by fitting it
with a discharge pipe dipping down into an open reservoir at a somewhat lower
level.

page_text: In a third modification what is known as a mont-jus is employed this consisting
of a closed vessel having the ascension pipe dipping down nearly to the bottom of
it. Air or gas under pressure is admitted by a pipe to the top of the vessel and
pressing on the liquid forces it up the ascension pipe. A small branch pipe from
the compressed-air pipe leads some of the air into the ascension pipe near the closed
vessel aud by mixing with the liquid in the ascension pipe causes it to rise to a
greater height than it would do without it.
The improved apparatus is advantageously applicable in dealing with corrosive
or chemical liquids and where air or gas under pressure is conveniently available.
Dated this tenth day of February 1886.
EDMUND HUNT,
Applicant's Agent.

page_text: Improvements in Raising Liquids and in Apparatus therefor.
I, JAMES, MACTEAR, of No. 2 Victoria Mansions, in the City of Westminster,
Chemist, do hereby declare the nature of this invention (a communication from
J. Kolb, of Lille, France, Manufacturing Chemist), and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement, that is to say :—
This Invention has for its object the raising of liquids by improved and simple
apparatus, the parts through which the liquid passes having no valves, pistons, or
other moving pieces. The Invention is based on the principle that a column of
liquid mixed with air or gas, or in the form of a gaseous emulsion is as a whole of
less gravity than an equal column of the same liquid in a solid or unmixed state.
The Invention may be carried out in practice in various ways, but the essential
features are exemplified in the four modifications of apparatus shown in vertical
section upon the accompanying sheet of explanatory drawings or diagrams. In
these drawings the same reference letters are used to mark the same or like parts
wherever they are repeated.
In the modification shown in figure, 1, an ascension pipe, P, made with a short
leg, L, like that of an inverted siphon, has its short leg connected to a reservoir, R,
containing the liquid to be raised, whilst the longer leg or pipe, P, extends up to an
elevated reservoir or cistern, C. A small pipe, A, is connected to the ascension
pipe, P, near its lower end and air or any suitable gas is forced in by this small
pipe, the pressure of air required being what will overcome the head due to the
lower reservoir, R. The air introduced in this way forms a succession of bubbles
which rising up the pipe, P, carry liquid with them; and for the liquid to be
raised in this way it is simply necessary for the total weight of liquid and air in
the longer leg, P, to be somewhat less than the weight of the solid liquid in the
shorter leg, L. When the air forced in by the pipe, A, is sufficient for this purpose
the liquid will continue to pass up the ascension pipe as long as the supplies of
liquid and air are maintained, the air becoming separated from the liquid as the
latter flows into the upper cistern, C.
In a second modification, shown in figure, 2, the liquid is raised by suction, the
ascension pipe, P, being connected to a closed vessel, V, having also connected to it
a suction pipe, S, connected to a steam-actuated ejector, E, or, it might be, to a
pump or other suitable exhausting apparatus. In this modification the ascension
pipe, P, is connected to or dips into the lower reservoir, R, without an inverted
siphon bend or short leg (L); and a small pipe or stopcock, A, is connected to it
near its lower end to admit air, which entering the pipe, P, and mixing with the
liquid enables the apparatus to raise the liquid much higher than the suction power
employed would otherwise raise it. The closed upper vessel, V, may be emptied
periodically into a cistern, C, or the action may be made continuous by fitting it as
in the third modification shown in figure, 3, with a discharge pipe, D, dipping
down into an open cistern, C. The apparatus shown in figure, 3, will still act if
the ascension pipe, P, is connected to the discharge pipe, Ď, by pipes below the
closed vessel, V, as indicated by dotted lines.

page_text: In a fourth modification shown in figure, 4, what is known as a mont-jus is
employed, this consisting of a closed vessel, M, having the ascension pipe, P,
dipping down nearly to the bottom of it. Air or gas under pressure is admitted
by a pipe, B, to the top of the vessel, and pressing on the liquid forces it up the
ascension pipe, P. A small branch pipe, A, from the compressed-air pipe, B, leads
some of the air into the ascension pipe, P, near the closed vessel, M, and by mixing
with the liquid in the ascension pipe, causes it to rise to a greater height than it
would do without it. When the closed vessel, M, has been emptied it is refilled
from the low reservoir, R, by means of a connecting pipe, G, provided with a
stopcock.
The improved method and apparatus are advantageously applicable in dealing
with corrosive or chemical liquids, and where air or gas under pressure is con-
veniently available.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said
Invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim is:-
1.--The method of facilitating the raising of liquids by injecting or admitting
air or a suitable gas into the lower parts of the pipes through which the liquids
ascend substantially as herein before described.
2. An inverted siphon for raising liquids having connected to the lower end of
its ascension pipe or longer leg a pipe for admitting air or gas under pressure, the
apparatus being arranged and operating substantially as hereinbefore described.
3. An ascension pipe for raising liquids having its upper end connected to
exhausting apparatus and having an inlet for air or gas near its lower end the
apparatus being arranged and operating substantially as herein before described.
4. A mont-jus with an ascension pipe for raising liquids, arranged to be worked
by air or gas and having connected to the lower end of the ascension pipe a branch
pipe for admitting some of the air or gas to mix with the ascending stream of
liquid, the apparatus being arranged and operating substantially as herein before
described.
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EDMUND HUNT,
Applicant's Agent.