Improvements relating to the Ventilation of Ships.
Year: 1899

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements relating to the Ventilation of Ships.
RICHARD FRANKLIN, 2, Berwick Road, Prince Regent Lane, Custom House,
in the County of Essex, Carpenter, do hereby declare the nature of this invention
to be as follows:-
I claim to improve the present method of insulating ships by means of a
system of ventilation by connecting the confined spaces under the insulation
with the atmosphere and by natural or mechanical forces causing a current of air
to pass through them. In the limbers of insulated chambers, there is a constant
condensation going on, through hot air and foul gases, being confined under the
insulation which is the cause of rapid decay in the insulation and wood containing
same, thus allowing the foul gases to percolate into the chambers, particularly
through insulated limber hatches and thereby spoiling the produce in the
chambers.
I propose therefore to ventilate the limbers, Figs. 1, 2, 3, A A, by means of
air shafts B B, which may be made in any manner or shape, and with any
material which shall resist the action of rats. In Fig. 1, these air shafts B B,
are shown to run within the insulation C, up the ships sides, and within the
angles of the ship's frames, thence, to any special mechanical or natural or any
existing, ventilators D, above the upper deck. In Figures 2 and 3, 2 fore and aft
section 3, athwart ship section, the air shafts B B, are shown to run up the bulk-
heads behind the stiffeners or other convenient channels, ventilating the lim-
bers A, the air shafts E run fore and aft under the bilge stringer F having
occasional openings G, into the limbers A A. H insulated limber hatches. The
system of ventilation it will be seen is carried out in the following manner, that
in Fig. 1, athwart ship current from windward to leeward, or from port to star-
board, or all the cowls turned to leeward, in Figs. 2 and 3, fore and aft current.
By means aforesaid I claim to improve insulation for cooling chambers to venti-
late confined spaces rendered so by insulation.
9°
1 1000
Improvements relating to the Ventilation of Ships.
I, RICHARD FRANKLIN, of No. 2, Berwick Road, Prince Regent Lane, Custom
House, in the County of Essex, Carpenter, do hereby declare the nature of this
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement:
This invention has reference to improvements in the ventilation of ships pro-

page_text: vided with refrigerating chambers. Its main aim is to improve the insulation
of refrigerating or preserving chambers by ventilating adjacent confined spaces
rendered so by the insulation.
It may be advantageous here to explain that where ships or chambers of ships
are insulated to freeze meat or other provisions, certain parts of the vessel,
particularly the limbers become isolated, sealed down, and that during a voyage
by leakage through sluices and sweat from the ship's sides, they contain a quan-
tity of filthy bilge water, and being confined as above stated, generate heat, and
foul vapours and gases are given off; which latter condense on the underside of
the insulation, saturating it and setting up rapid decay in same, particularly at
the bilge stringer and, the, limber hatches and by reason of this saturation - and
decay, the foul gases percolate through and are brought into contact with the cool-
ing or refrigerating chambers, bringing about a most unsanitary condition of same
and causing the meat or other contents of same to go bad. The heat generated
below finds its way into the cooling chambers and throws much additional work
on the refrigerator engines which to effectually combat the evil have to freeze
solid the saturated insulation, and should this not be thoroughly effected the foul
gases above referred to will be present and an unsanitary, condition of the cham-
bers the invariable result.
The object, then, of the present invention is to provide simple, yet efficient
means for ventilating the said confined spaces and thus by rendering it impossible
for foul gases to collect, improve the insulation and maintain the refrigerating
chambers in a sanitary condition. I will now proceed to describe my invention
with reference to the drawings annexed to the Provisional Specification hereof,
and in which :-
.
Figure 1 is a transverse section of a vessel fitted with my improved means of
ventilation, the air shafts. being within the insulation.
Figure 2 is a longitudinal section of a portion of a vessel fitted with my improved
means for ventilation; the section passing through a refrigerating chamber.
Figure is a transverse section of a portion of a vessel fitted with my improved
means for ventilation.
According to my invention, when insulating ships to form cooling or refrigera-
ting chambers, or in altering existing insulated cooling chambers, I provide means
for ventilation by connecting the confined spaces, such for instance, as the limbers
under the insulation, with the external atmosphere, and by nátural or mechanical
forces causing a current of air to pass through them.
I ventilate the confined spaces or limbers A, A, by means of air shafts B, B,
which may be made in any manner or shape and with any suitable material that
will resist the action of rats. These air shafts may be carried through the insula-
tion material C up the ship's sides and within the angles of the ship's frames,
thence to any special mechanical or natural or other suitable ventilator or venti-
lators which may be in connection with blowers or fans, so that the circulation
or draught of air through same may be either natural or forced, as desired:
The ventilating shafts through the insulation material may be, as shewn in
Figures 2 and 3, carried up the bulkheads behind the stiffeners or through other
convenient channels ventilating the limbers A, A; the air shafts E running fore
and aft under the bilge stringer F having occasional openings G into the lim-
bers A, A. H, H, are insulated limber hatches.
The ventilation it will be seen is carried out in the following manner:-
According to Figure 1, athwart-ship current from windward to leeward or from
port to starboard as indicated by the arrows or all the cowls turned to leeward.
According to Figures 2 and 3. fore-and-aft current only, as indicated by the
arrows.
The construction of the tubes, Figure 1, would in the case of reverse frames be
generally in wood, and with tar, felt and wire linings, also 'where web frames
are used in the construction of the ship, similar conditions would apply, but in
either case, zinc or iron or other materials would be used to form air tubes accord-

page_text: ing as circumstances demand, the area of ventilation to be governed according
to the space to be ventilated.
Thus in the above manner, I improve the insulation of cooling or refrigerating
chambers by ventilating any confined spaces rendered so by insulation.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is:
The method of and means for improving insulation in ships or other vessels
or parts of such, particularly for refrigerating-chambers for meat and other
provisions, consisting in ventilating the spaces confined by such insulation, by
ineans of air shafts or tubes leading from the confined spaces in any convenient
direction and through the insulation out into the atmosphere, such shafts having
combined therewith, if necessary, fans or other mechanical means whereby the
draught action may be forced, as described and set forth.
Dated the 8th day of Janua 1000
PHILLIPS & LEIGH,
No. 22, Southampton Buildings, Chancery Lane, London, W.C.,
Agents for the Applicant.