THE PREPARATION OF A SALT, AND MEANS OF COMBINING, MIXING, OR APPLYING THE SAME TO RENDER FABRICS. PULP, WOOD, OIL, AND OTHER SUBSTANCES UNIN- FLAMMABLE
Year: 1859

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Richard Archibald Brooman, of 166, Fleet Street,
in the City of London, E.C., Patent Agent, for the Invention of "THE
PREPARATION OF A SALT, AND MEANS OF COMBINING, MIXING, OR APPLYING THE
SAME TO RENDER FABRICS. PULP, WOOD, OIL, AND OTHER SUBSTANCES UNIN-
FLAMMABLE "A communication from abroad by Messrs. Demangeot
о
D
Sealed the 8th May 1860, and dated the 11th November 1859.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Richard Archibald
Brooman at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his
Petition, on the 11th November 1859.
I, RICHARD ARCHIBALD BROOMAN, of 166, Fleet Street, in the City of
London, E.C., Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the. said
Invention for "THE PREPARATION OF A SALT, AND MEANS OF COMBINING, MIXING,
OR APPLYING THE SAME TO RENDER FABRICS, PULP, WOOD, OIL, AND OTHER SUB-
STANCES UNINFLAMMABLE," (communicated to me from abroad by Messieurs
Demangeot & Co., of Paris,) to be as follows:-
The preparation of the salt comprises the purification of sulphate of ammonia
of commerce and its combination with other agents hereafter mentioned. The
sulphate of ammonia is placed in a reverberatory furnace heated to a high red
heat and kept there about two hours; all the organic matters are destroyed;-
and sulphuretted hydrogen is evolved. The substances stirred to change the
[Price 8d.]

page_text: surfaces in contact with the bed of the furnace which should be, by preference
of slate. After the two hours the contents of the furnace are withdrawn and
allowed to cool. I then take about 200 lbs. of chloride of calcium; 200 lbs.
of raw acetate of lime, (this acetate is treated with pyroligneous acids and
used in a state of paste), and 50 lbs. of the purified sulphate of ammonia
prepared as above. The chloride of calcium, then the acetate of lime, next
the sulphate of ammonia, are placed in a boiler and become dissolved in water
heated to about 140° Fahrenheit. The water saturated with these matters is
carried to and maintained at the boiling point until the water is evaporated,
a crystaline deposit then remains, the crystals are removed and placed in a
reverberatory furnace heated to a dull red, where they are stirred. This salt
on being withdrawn from the furnace is the salt which forms the basis of
all my operations for rendering matters uninflammable.
Employment of the salt to prepare uniuflammable starch, or a starch
wuhic when applied to muslins, linens, and other textile fabrics prevents their
flaming: Dissolve the salt in boiling water until the solution marks 5° Beaumé,
leave to settle and decant, and for every 100 quarts of the decanted liquor add
two to five per cent. of liquid ammonia, and mix intimately. Take starch
during the course of its manufacture and before being dried and place it in the
liquor last named, leave it to macerate and decant. The precipitated starch
is placed on filters and subsequently dried. It is then ready for the market.
Pulp is rendered uninflammable when in the dry state by introducing the salt
prepared as first described in the water in which the pulp is held in suspension
until the liquor marks 6° Beaumé. Fabrics and stuffs for theatrical decora-
tions and otherwise, may be rendered uninflammable by being steeped in a
solution of the salt. To render oils uninflammable the salt is combined with
the oil in a state of powder and an electric current is employed; varnishes are
treated in a similar manner. And the salt employed in solution or in a dry
state, according to the material with which it is to be used, will render every
article with which it is mixed or to which it is applied, uninflammable.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Richard Archibald Brooman in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 11th May 1860.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME: I, RICHARD
ARCHIBALD BROOMAN, of 166, Fleet Street, in the City of London, E.C.,
Patent Agent, send greeting.

page_text: WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Eleventh day of November, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-nine, in the twenty-third year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,the
said Richard Archibald Brooman, Her special licence that I, the said Richard
Archibald Brooman, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such
others as I, the said Richard Archibald Brooman, my executors, adminis-
trators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from
time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed,
should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United
Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of
Man, an Invention for "THE PREPARATION OF A SALT, AND MEANS OF COMBINING,
MIXING, OR APPLYING THE SAME TO RENDER FABRICS, PULP, WOOD, OIL, AND OTHER
SUBSTANCES UNINFLAMMABLE," (a communication from abroad by Messrs.
Demangeot & Co., of Paris,) upon the condition (amongst others) that I,
the said Richard Archibald Brooman, my executors or administrators, by
an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and
seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause
the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calen-
dar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Richard Archibald Brooman, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the saine is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement thereof, that is to say:-
The preparation of the salt comprises the purification of sulphate of
ammonia of commerce, and its combination with other agents hereafter
mentioned. The sulphate of ammonia is placed in a reverberatory furnace
heated to a high red heat and kept there about two hours; all the organic
matters are destroyed and sulphuretted hydrogen is evolved. The substance
is stirred to change the surfaces in contact with the bed of the furnace,
which should be by preference of slate. After the two hours the contents
of the furnace are withdrawn and allowed to cool. I then take about 200 lbs.
of chloride of calcium, 200 lbs. of raw acetate of lime (this acetate is treated
with pyroligneous acids, and used in a state of paste), and 50 lbs. of the
purified sulphate of ammonia prepared as above. The chloride of calcium,
then the acetate of lime, next the sulphate of ammonia are placed in a boiler
and become dissolved in water heated to about: 140° Fahrenheit. The water

page_text: saturated with these matters is carried to and maintained at the boiling point
until thewater is evaporated; a crystalline deposit then remains. The crystals
are removed and placed in a reverberatoryfurnace heated to a dull red, where
they are stirred. This salt on being withdrawn from the furnace is the salt
whichforms thebasisof all myoperations for renderingmatters uninflammable.
Employment of the salt to prepare an uninflammable starch or a starch
which when applied to muslins, liuens, and other textile fabrics prevents
their flaming. Dissolve the salt in boiling water until the solution marks
5° Beaumé leave it to settle and decant, and for every 100 quarts of the
decanted liquor add two to 5 per cent. of liquid ammonia, and mix
intimately. Take starch during the course of its manufacture, and before
being dried, and place it in the liquor last named, leave it to macerate, and
decant. The precipitated starch is placed on filters and subsequently dried.
It is then ready for the market.
Pulp is rendered uninflammable when in the dry state by introducing the
salt prepared, as first described, in the water in which the pulp is held in
suspension until the liquor marks 6° Beaumé.
Fabrics and stuffs for theatrical decorations and otherwise maybe renderod
uninflammable in the following manner:-The wrong side of the material
is coated with size and Mendon white in order to render the surface of the
material even; when it is dry the same side receives a second coating com-
posed of uninflammable starch dissolved in baryta. The starch is diluted
and mixed with a liquid at 5° Beaumé. Baryta is employed when the
color is white, but to produce any other colors materials such as ochres or
earths may be employed. All scenes and the like in connection with
theatrical representations can be rendered uninflammable in a similar
manner. Wood is rendered uninflammable by soaking it in a bath of the
prepared material, or by forcing a similar composition into it.
To render oils uninflammable the salt is combined with the oil. Linseed
oil is rendered uninflammable in the following manner :-To 200 lbs. of
raw linseed oil add about 4 lbs. of hydrated protoxide of manganese in
powder, heat it to about 40° Centigrade, stirring the mixture. In about
20 minutes the oil loses its ordinary yellow color, becomes first green, then
brown, and the oxide dissolved in the oil disappears. It is then placed in
stone vases to cool, and when cool to 200 lbs. of the oil thus prepared add
about 13 lbs. of the uninflammable salt reduced to powder, and stir the
whole. A current of electricity is then introduced into the whole mass of
oil for about 48 hours, when the uninflammable preparation is dissolved,
and the oil has a whitish tinge; it is then ready for use.

page_text: To render tar uninflammable, prepare a strong soapy water with soap,
having a soda vase; dissolve 10 per cent. of the uninflammable salt, heat
the tar to about 60° Beaumé, add the soap to the salt and tar, and stir the
mixture; allow it to cool, and remove the supernatant liquid.
For rendering all textile and filamentous materials uninflammable, such
as flax, vegetable hair, flock of silk, flax, cotton, hemp, phormium tenax,
slivers for manufacture and the like, dissolve the uninflammable salt in a
hot state in water slightly impregnated with sulphate of ammonia, allow
it to rest, and decant with care. This liquid weighs 15° Beaumé. It is
reduced to 10° Beaumé of density in the following manner -Take about
44 lbs. of cold water and put into it about 11 lbs. of carbonate of lime;
allow it it to rest, and decant with care. With this perfectly limped liquid
the solution before mentioned is reduced from 15° to 10° Beaumé. By
immersing the materials before mentioned and many others in this bath,
and afterwards drying them, they will be rendered perfectly uninflammable.
The salt employed in solution or in a dry state, according to the material
with which it is to be used, will render every article with which it is mixed
or to which it is applied uninflammable.
And having now described the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, I declare that I claim,-
First, the preparation of an uninflammable salt in the manner herein-
before described.
Second, the combining, mixing, and applying of the said salt with other
substances in order to render fabrics, pulp, wood, oil, tar, and other
substances uninflammable, as herein-before described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Richard Archibald Brooman, have here-
unto set my hand and seal, this Eleventh day of May, One thousand
eight hundred and sixty.
R. A. BROOMAN. (L.S.)