matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN BREAKS FOR CARTS, WAGONS, AND OTHER VEHICLES
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Warburton at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 11th October
1865.
I, THOMAS WARBURTON, of Stoneclough, in the County of Lancaster, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN
BREAKS FOR CARTS, WAGONS, AND OTHER VEHICLES," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to apparatus for retarding the progress of carts,
wagons, lurries, and heavy vehicles when descending inclines, which will also
act as a support for the vehicle in the event of the horse falling or being
taken from, the shafts.
The improvements consist in the use of a leg beneath each shaft having a
curved foot which in descending inclines bears upon the ground, and, is held
in firm contact therewith by means of a forked bar attached (and exerting
pressure upon the leg) to a strong spring secured to the shaft, when the
greatest amount of friction is required the whole weight of the cart may be
allowed to act on this forked bar and curved part, the spring being compressed
against the shaft. When not required to act as a break for the cart or
carriage the leg may be supported at a slight distance from the ground by
means of the forked bar, in which position it will act as a support for the cart

page_text: in the absence of the horse. A second part of the improvements is particularly
adapted for - heavy wagons, and consists in the use of a bracket attached to
the lower timbers thereof, and to which is hinged a curved foot or break,
which is tightened down on the ground by means of a screw passing through
the bracket.
IMPROVEMENTS, IN MACHINERY FOR COMBING WOOL AND OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Busfield and Samuel Bairstow
Walmsley at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 21st June 1865.
We, JOHN BUSFIELD, Spinner, and SAMUEL BAIRSTOW WALMSLEY, Machine
Maker, both of Bradford, in the County of York, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS, IN MACHINERY FOR COMBING
WOOL AND OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS," to be as follows:-
Our Invention relates to an improvement in that class of machinery where
tufts of wool or other fibres after having been cleaned at one end (by drawing
through teeth or otherwise) are deposited upon a travelling comb or combs,
so that the noil or refuse remaining in one end of the tuft is deposited into
and among the teeth of the travelling comb in such manner that when the
proiecting ends of the tufts are presented to drawing rollers or other instru-
ments the fibrous material will be drawn from among the teeth, leaving the
noil or refuse in the comb; and our improvement consists in causing the
tufts of wool or other fibrous material deposited on the above-mentioned comb
to be drawn slightly forward by means of an instrument acting near to the
teeth of such comb, so that when the fibrous material is carried to the drawing
rollers or other instruments to be removed from the comb, as above described,
the fibrous material can be drawn from the comb more readily, and a certain
proportion of the shorter hairs or fibres taken hold of by the drawing

page_text: instruments and removed from the comb, which would otherwise remain in
such comb, and be removed with the noil or refuse.
The above described operation may be effected in the following manner,
though we do not confine ourselves to this particular method:-At the point
where the tuft of fibrous material is deposited upon the travelling circle, and
in front of such circle, we arrange a nipping surface, which is caused to riso
to a certain point by means of springs, and when the tuft of fibrous material
is pressed upon the circle by means of the dabbing brush, a plate carried by
such brush is caused to press upon the plate above described so as to cause
it to descend, the fibrous material held firmly between the two plates being
thus drawn a short distance out of the comb; and in order to give ease to
the fibres while being so drawn out we prefer to arrange a plate which may
be carried by the travelling comb,. and which rises a certain distance above
the comb head and prevents the fibrous material from being drawn down to
the root of the pins of such comb; in some cases we prefer to give a cone-
shape form to the comb, so that the friction on the fibrous material
drawn through it as above described may be reduced, and, if desired, a
motion may be given to the plates above described, by which they will be
caused to move a short distance away from the comb after they are pressed
together.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN RENDERING SOUNDLESS FURNITURE AND OTHER ARTICLES FOR DOMESTIC PURPOSES
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Adolphe Drevelle at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 23rd January
1865.
I, ADOLPHE DREVELLE, of 45, Rue Hauteville, Paris, in the Empire of
France, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for " CERTAIN
IMPROVEMENTS IN RENDERING SOUNDLESS FURNITURE AND OTHER ARTICLES FOR
DOMESTIC PURPOSES," to be as follows, that is to say :-
My Invention consists in the application of caoutchouc, gutta percha, cork,
or any other elastic substance capable of deadening the sound or shock pro-
duced by the movement or meeting of two bodies, to articles of furniture,.
china, glass, pottery, or other similar articles. To carry out my Invention I
apply internally or externally to the extremity or foot of an article of furni-
ture, china, glass, or pottery, a small appendix of caoutchouc, gutta percha,
cork, or of any similar substances. The form of the appendix will naturally
be subordinate to the article to which it is applied.
AN IMPROVED FORM OF RIPLING FOR FIRE-ARMS AND ORDNANCE
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Wilmot Burrows Edward Ellis at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 14th
September 1865.
I, WILMOT BURROUGHS EDWARD ELLIS, at present residing at Brandon
Villa, Cheltenham, Capt. in the Royal Artillery, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED FORM OF RIPLING FOR FIRE-ARMS AND
ORDNANCE," to be as follows:-
1. Heretofore in giving a rifle form to a smooth bore certain portions of the
original cylindrical figure of the bore have been left intact, and these portions
of the surface of the bore in the completed rifle have been known by the name
of "lands."
2. My Invention consists in giving a form of rifling to a cylindrical barrel
without leaving any portion whatever of the original bore; that is, there
will be neither lands nor grooves in the rifle, but the whole figure of the
bore will be reconstructed, and this figure will have no angles or corners.
3. The figure of the bore will comprise five arcs of equal size, and five
straight lines of equal length, and the construction of the figure is to be such
that a circle inscribed in it will have the proper diameter, that is, the rifle will
be of the calibre required.

page_text: 4. The proposed advantage is to obviate many of the known drawbacks of the
present forms of rifling.
This form of rifling is proposed to be applied both to cannon and to small
arms.
IMPROVEMENTS IN FURNACES
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Maxwell Tennant at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
17th November 1865.
I, THOMAS MAXWELL TENNANT, of Edinburgh and Leith, both in the
County of Mid-Lothian, North Britain, Engineer, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN FURNACES," to be as
follows, that is to say:-
This Invention has reference to an improved method of utilizing hollow
fire-bars in furnaces in such manner that visible smoke is prevented from
issuing out of the chimney, and it is based upon a certain Invention of
Improvements in Furnaces or Fire-bars" for which Letters Patent were
granted unto John Blackwood on or about the Twenty-first day of March
1860, and numbered Z38.
According to one arrangement or modification under which this Inven-
tion is carried out there is fixed beneath the dead plate in a boiler furnace
a chamber extending in a transverse direction; the inner end of this
chamber is formed in such manner that the ends of the hollow furnace bars
rest therein, and in the lower part or under side of the chamber other
openings are formed through which the air passes thence into the furnace
bars to their inner ends, where it emerges into a hollow or chamber formed
in the bridge. This chamber or opening in the bridge has an opening or.

page_text: openings extending downwards, and another or others ascending upward;
air is drawn in through the lower openings and ascends with that which
has passed through the bars out of the upper openings at the top of the
bridge, to mix with the gases from the fuel.
IMPROVEMENTS IN COTTON GINS
Year: 1865

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Benjamin Dobson, of Bolton, in the County
Lancaster, Machine Maker, and William Slater, of the same Pl.
Manager, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN COTTON GINS."
Sealed the 13th June 1865, and dated the 28th January 1865.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Benjamin Dobson and
William Slater at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his
Petition, on the 28th January 1865.
We, BENJAMIN DOBSON, of Bolton, in the County of Lancaster, Machine
Maker, and WILLIAM SLATER, of the same Place, Manager, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN COTTON GINS," to be
as follows:-
This Invention consists, first, in forming the grate and the vibrating knife
in one casting, the edge of which may be chilled or hardened; to this casting
are connected the ordinary rocking shaft, the table, and the radius rods, the
edge of the said grate forming the knife or working edge which acts upon
the seed cotton.
Secondly, in making the grate as above described, but without being
hardened, and with a strip or knife of steel or other hard metal screwed or

page_text: otherwise attached to that edge of the grate next to the roller. Attached to
the under side of the grate casting are the usual connecting rods which com-
municate or impart to the grate and conseqently to the table attached to it
a vibrating motion, which in combination with the inclination given to the
table causes the seed cotton to move towards the roller or rollers.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN MACHINERY FOR TWISTING, DOUBLING, AND LAYING ALL KINDS OF YARES
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Whalley at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 19th June
1865.
I, EDWARD WHALLEY, of Blackburn, in the County of Lancaster, Cotton
Spinner, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN MACHINERY FOR TWISTING, DOUBLING, AND LAYING ALL KINDS OF
YARES," to be as follows:-
My improvements consist in working the fly spindle combined with bobbin
or spools, and having one or more flys working therein; the spindle to be
arranged vertically, horizontally, or at any convenient angle. I propose to
use the whole of the bobbin spindles and fly spindles working in a convenient
table or bed plate and passing the warp strands, and doubling through suitable
guides (traversing or stationary) leading to the bobbins in eylinders, and kept
in motion by hooks and weights, or weighted levers may be applied in lieu
thereof. I propose to wind the material on the bobbins by horizontal drums
or cylinders covered with flannel or india-rubber, or other suitable material,
and perforated metallic plate. In lieu thereof I also use fluted drums or
cylinders. I also use at the end of the bobbin a tension plate fastened by a
wing nut. I propose to use a spring between the tension plate and bobbin or
a piece of cloth or india-rubber, so as to give suitable twist to the yarn when
passing from the twisting bobbin to the bobbin receiving the material after it
is twisted at the end of the spindle.

page_text: I propose to use a conical top with holes and conducting grooves for
doubling the strands of yarns, screwed on the end of the spindle to act as a
lock nut to give the required drag to the bobbin from the tension plate.
When the top is not required I propose to use a wing nut for locking the
tension plate. These spindles and cylinders may be worked separately, or two
or more may be worked in connection with each other.
I also propose to strain the strands of yarn in passing from the twisting
bobbin to the bobbin receiving the material, by passing the strands over a
series of grooved pulleys weighted by levers and friction bowls to fit in
grooved pulleys. I also use two or more rollers between the said bobbins for
the same purpose of straining or levelling the yarns.
IMPROVEMENTS IN REVOLVING FIRE-ARMS, IN PROJECTILES, AND CARTRIDGES
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Broun at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 15th August
1865.
I, JAMES BROUN, of Ardgowan Square, Greenock, in the County of Renfrew,
North Britain, Barrister-at-Law, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN REVOLVING FIRE-ARMS, IN PROJECTILES, AND
CARTRIDGES," to be as follows, that is to say :-
This Invention comprises improvements in imparting rotatory motion to the
projectiles of fire-arms, in lubricating fire-arms, and in the construction and
action of revolving fire-arms.
The first improvement dispenses with rifling, being applicable with a smooth
bore, and consists in imparting the rotatory motion to the projectile by means
of the cartridge, the projectile being connected therewith by a notch and
tongue, or their equivalent. The cartridge is itself made to revolve by
reaction, being formed with a metal or other suitable core, having one or more
spiral flanges on it, and the explosion of the powder being by these flanges
made to assume a spiral direction. It is preferred to make the core hollow,
to contain powder for direct propulsion, and a little powder is preferentially
placed between the front of the cartridge and the projectile, so as finally to
effect their separation. It is also preferred to use powder of a kind burning
with comparative slowness, and the touch-hole or fuse communicates with the
inner or back end of the cartridge.
The second improvement consists in lubricating the bore by means of the
projectile, which for that purpose is formed with a front and a rear belt fitting

page_text: the bore closely, whilst the part between is slightly less in diameter. In front
of each belt are a few small openings communicating with an internal cavity
open at the back end. The cavity and passages from it are filled with
lubricating matter, and the force of the explosion acting on the back opening
of the cavity causes the lubricating matter to exude in front of the belts.
The third improvement consists in fitting revolving fire-arms with a bolt,
which as each chamber of the revolving piece is brought. in line with the
barrel projects through the chamber by the action of a spring, and carries the
cartridge or charge into the barrel, and the charge is exploded in the barrel,
and not in the revolving piece. The bolt is arranged to be withdrawn by the
action which turns the revolving piece.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE VENTILATION OF PRESSING IRONS HEATED BY GAS, AND FOR PREVENTING THE CONDENSATION OF THE VAPOUR IN THE TUBES OR FLUES LEADING THEREPROM
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel Egan Rosser at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 7th February
1865.
I, SAMUEL EGAN ROSSER, of Dorset Street, Salisbury Square, in the County
of Middlesex, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE VENTILATION OF PRESSING IRONS HEATED BY GAS, AND
FOR PREVENTING THE CONDENSATION OF THE VAPOUR IN THE TUBES OR FLUES
LEADING THEREPROM," to be as follows:-
It consists, firstly, in an arrangement for drawing off the products of com-
bustion (from the place or chamber in which the gas is burnt) by or through
a pipe or passage or series of pipes or passages, into which pipes or passages
the products of combustion are discharged, and from which the air is partially
exhausted by an air pump, pneumatic screw, bellows, rotary fan, or by other
convenient or suitable means.
Secondly, in a method of preventing the condensation of the aqueous vapour
contained in the products of combustion passing off by the before-mentioned
pipes or passages, by admitting thereto a suitable proportion of atmospheric
air, whereby such aqueous vapour is retained in suspension and caused to pass
away with the other products.
be
Thirdly, in an arrangement whereby the air admitted as described may
heated (and its capacity for moisture thereby increased), which arrangement

page_text: consists in causing the air to pass through a series of passages surrounding
the pipe or passage leading from the combustion chamber, the quantity of air
admitted being capable of regulation by means of a cylinder surrounding the
passages, and adjustable so as to close a greater or less number of holes,
whereby the air is admitted as required.
IMPROVEMENTS IN REAPING MACHINERY
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Nicholas Henwood at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 1st March
1865.
I, NICHOLAS HENWOOD, of Tideford St. German's, in the County of Cornwall,
Millwright and Agricultural Machinist, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN REAPING MACHINERY," to be as follows:-
My Invention of improvements in reaping machinery relates to a novel
arrangement of parts adapted for effecting a self-acting sheaf delivery from
reaping machines. The Invention consists in the use of a series of vertical
turnstiles, which rotate in pairs and gather the stalks of corn as they are
cut, and deliver the same in sheaves or bundles either at the back or at the
side of the machine. These vertical turnstiles are mounted on upright shafts
which are driven in either direction by suitable toothed gearing or
of belts and pullies actuated by the main driving wheel, or from the gear
The turnstiles are
which drives the gatherers in front of the machine.
provided with one or more arms according to the crops they are intended to.
reap, and of course they must be driven at different speeds to suit the crops;
for which purpose sets of different sized pullies or gear wheels must be
mounted on the driving shafts, so that they may be thrown in or out of gear
when required. A spring catch is adapted to the lower end of the turnstiles,

page_text: and is worked by the hand or foot of the driver when it is required to stop
or put in motion the turnstiles. The turnstiles may be made capable of
expanding to suit different crops, and the driving gear must be arranged to
admit of the machine being moved either forwards or backwards as may be
required.
A NEW ELECTRIC PILE
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Jules Rovère and Hilarion Antoine
Bernard Huguet at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 24th January 1865.
We, JULES ROVERE and HILARION ANTOINE BERNARD HUGUET, all of 51,
Rue de Malte, Paris, in the Empire of France, Gentlemen, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "A NEW ELECTRIC PILE," to be as
follows:-
We obtain electricity from the atmosphere by means of a metal rod
terminating in a sharp point and erected in an upright position at the top of
a house or building, or of a mast, or pole. We obtain electricity from the earth
by means of a metal bar set in an upright position in the ground (preferring
damp soil), or in a well, or the like; this bar terminates at top in a sharp
point. If this point be placed near to the lower end of the rod erected in the
atmosphere an electric current will set in from the atmosphere to the earth,
or from the earth to the atmosphere, whereby an electric pile is formed.
When the circuit of this pile is closed, that is to say, when in the space between
the rod or point fixed in the ground or well, and the bottom of the rod erected
in the atmosphere, there be placed a body or an electro-magnet, the various
effects obtained from voltaic piles will be obtained from this arrangement, as,
for example, light, heat, and motive power. Several of such piles combined
will form a battery. To increase the quantity of electricity we sometimes

page_text: employ instead of the mast or pole for carrying the rod erected in the atmo-
sphere a captive balloon or aerostat, that is to say, a balloon retained by
cords or the like. This balloon carries a number of metallic points com-
municating with the lower pole of the pile by metallic cords, wires, or like
connections, which descend from the balloon nearly to earth.
CERTAIN IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BRUSHES
Year: 1865

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James Stokes, of Dudley, in the County of Worcester,
Ironmonger, and Thomas Gray, of Birmingham, in the County of
Warwick, Brush Manufacturer, for the Invention of "CERTAIN IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BRUSHES."
Sealed the 25th May 1866, and dated the 29th November 1865.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James Stokes and Thomas
Gray at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition,
on the 29th November 1865.
We, JAMES STOKES, of Dudley, in the County of Worcester, Ironmonger,
and THOMAS GRAY, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Brush
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BRUSHES," to be as
follows:-
This Invention relates to all kinds of circular brushes, but has particular
reference to those used for millwork, and employed in various manufactures for
polishing.

page_text: Heretofore these brushes have consisted of a single stock, in which
have been bored a certain number of holes, and into the holes so made
have been drawn the bristles or fibres, the said bristles or fibres being secured
therein by wire.
According to our Invention two stocks are used, and our improvements
consist in fixing or securing the bristles or fibres without boring any holes
in the stocks, and affixing the bristles or fibres without "wiring" them.
We first arrange the bristles or fibres which are to be employed round
a wire ring of suitable diameter, and in such manner that the two ends
of each of the said bristles or fibres may meet outwards. On either side
is then placed a wooden or metal stock of larger diameter than the said
wire ring, but smaller in diameter than the brush so formed. The two
stocks are then secured together by screws or otherwise, when the bristles or
fibres will be held firmly in their place, and the Invention is complete.
Iм- PROVEMENTS IN INKSTANDS
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Merritt at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 19th April 1865.―
A communication from abroad by Frank Oliver, of New York, in the
United States of America.
I, JOHN MERRITT, of Brooklyn, New York, in the United States of
America, at present residing at the Westminster Palace Hotel, in the City of
Westminster, do bereby declaro the nature of the said Invention for "Iм-
PROVEMENTS IN INKSTANDS," (a communication to me from abroad by Frank
Oliver, of New York, in the United States of America), to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to the construction of inkstands or ink reservoirs
provided, with the usual dipping cup, so that the same may be filled with ink
for use at pleasure while allowing of the ready return of the ink into the
reservoir after use. This has heretofore been accomplished in a more or less
perfect manner in various ways, most of which involved apparatus or devices
of a complicated nature, or such as were liable to get out of working order.
The object of this Invention is to construct such inkstands of any desirable
material, and so that the filling and emptying of the dipping cup may be
effected by means of a device cheap and simple in construction, not liable to
get out of order, yet effective and readily operated, and the Invention consists
in combining with an ink reservoir of otherwise ordinary construction and
provided with the usual dipping cup, a diaphragm valve, flexible, so as to be
capable of assuming a convex or concave form for withdrawing the ink from
or forcing it into the dipping cup.

page_text: And this Invention further consists in forming the diaphragm valve for
operation as above referred to of a concave convex vulcanized india-rubber
disc in combination with a central knob, the whole being secured in a suitable
metallic or other frame.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN SEWING MACHINES
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Key Caird at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 13th May
1865.
I, JAMES KEY CAIRD, of Dundee, in the County of Forfar, North
Britain, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention of "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN SEWING MACHINES," to be as follows, that is to say :-
This Invention relates to certain improvements in sewing machines, and
has for its object the sewing over of the joints of any two or more pieces of
cloth. The mechanism by which the afore-mentioned result is obtained
consists essentially of a hollow spiral needle. driven by means of frictional
rollers or in any other suitable manner, one end of the needle being pointed
so as to enter the cloth intended to be stitched. As the spiral needle revolves
it is either caused to travel in a longitudinal direction whilst the articles are
being sewn, or the sewing apparatus may be arranged so as to be stationary
in a longitudinal direction, whilst the articles being sewn are caused to travel
by any well known system of travelling apparatus. As the needle revolves it
passes through those portions of the cloth requiring to be stitched, and the
thread being placed in the needle, which is made hollow, it (the thread) is
left in the hollow passage which the needle has formed, and the thread being
passed from the needle at the requisite tension through the end farthest
removed from the point becomes drawn perfectly tight as the work proceeds.
A split is made throughout the whole length of the spiral needle, so that the
thread may be placed therein with facility.

page_text: The chief part of this Invention consists, first, in the application and use of
a spiral tubular needle for "over-sewing," of such diameter and number of
turns as will contain the required length of thread; secondly, in making a slot
round the outside or circumference of same, so that the thread to be used may
be readily introduced.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE TREATMENT OF RICE
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Henry Johnson at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 24th March
1865. A communication from abroad by Robert Pfeifer, of Antwerp, in
the Kingdom of Belgium, Merchant.
I, JOHN HENRY JOHNSON, of 47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the County of
Middlesex, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE TREATMENT OF RICE," a communication to me from
abroad by Robert Pfeifer, of Antwerp, in the Kingdom of Belgium, Merchant
to be as follows:-
My improvements relate to the treatment of rice which may have become
discolored, or which may have acquired an offensive odour owing either to
the cargo having been heated or wetted, or from other causes, and consist in
exposing such discolored or damaged rice to the action of sulphurous acid,
and subsequently to exposure to atmospheric air,and if necessary to the action
of light.
In carrying out my Invention I place the discolored or injured rice in
perforated trays, or upon open stages or shelves, and these being contained in
a chamber capable of being made air-tight, or as much so as desired, I pass
into or generate within such chamber sulphurous acid gas, and I submit, the
rice to its action until the desired bleaching effect has been produced, the
discoloration has been sufficiently removed, and the original offensive odor
destroyed. After the rice has been exposed for the requisite or desired amount
of time to the action of sulphurous acid it is then submitted to the free access
Die Q

page_text: of atmospheric air, and by preference in sheds or drying rooms furnished with
glass roofs. After exposure it will be found that the offensive odour has been
dissipated, and that the rice will have regained its original condition and
annearance.
THE MANUFACTURE OF BOILER AND TEA-KETTLE BOTTOMS, AND EVERY OTHER DESCRIPTION OF DIE-STRUCK HOLLOW WARE
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Michael Judge at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 31st August
1865.
I, MICHAEL JUDGE, of the City of Toronto, in the County of York, and
Province of Canada, Die Sinker, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "THE MANUFACTURE OF BOILER AND TEA-KETTLE BOTTOMS, AND
EVERY OTHER DESCRIPTION OF DIE-STRUCK HOLLOW WARE," to be as follows:-
I use the collar die, letter A, for bearing on the flange, thereby preventing
the possibility of crimping or buckling. I use the bottomless die B as being
superior to all others for the production of bottoms of a flat, spheroidal, or
other form. I apply the ball and socket D, E, to the descending or cameo
die C, thereby rendering it self-adjusting until it attains its full depth, at
which time the surface of the hammer bears on the collar and cuts off all
further pressure from the interior of the die, and removes any traces of
buckling which may have occurred.
I do not claim the hammer itself, which is made and operated in the usual
way; but what I claim as my Invention is, the collar die A, the bottomless
die B, the application of the ball and socket D, E, as described.
I claim also the bottomless die B as a duplicate, as the said die has a
second size on the obverse side.
And I claim the treadle arrangement F for lifting the collar and the formed
work at one and the same time, as shewn in the Drawing.
AN IMPROVED DESCRIPTION OF STUD FOR FASTENING SHIRTS, CUFFS, WAISTCOATS, AND OTHER ARTICLES OF WEARING APPAREL
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Stanislaus Heleman at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 15th June
1865.
I, STANISLAUS HELCMAN, of 21, Ryder's Court, Leicester Square, in the
Parish of Saint Ann, Westminster, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED DESCRIPTION OF
STUD FOR FASTENING SHIRTS, CUFFS, WAISTCOATS, AND OTHER ARTICLES OF WEARING
APPAREL," to be as follows:-
My Invention is designed to give increased facility combined with greater
security in the fastening of shirts, cuffs, waistcoats, and other kinds of wearing
apparel. It consists of two parts, the front and back; the first is a plain
or ornamental head having a small hollow shank secured to the back. There
are two small lugs at the end of this shank, and a small spiral spring fitted
to the inside. The second or back part is a flat or rounded plate, with a
hollow spiral shank having an internal slotted tube. The two parts. are
fitted as follows:-The shank of the back plate is passed through the
button-hole from behind, and the shank of the front piece inserted into the
shank of the back plate. By using a slight pressure at the same time

page_text: turning the front part to the right the stud is secured. The reverse of this
action removes the stud. The whole may be made of gold, silver, or any other
metal.
Having thus explained the nature of my Invention, I would observe that
its principle may be applied to any design or shape.
IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR FACILITATING THE TREATING OR PREPARING OF CASES AND OTHER VESSELS TO MAKE THEM TIGHT AND SUITABLE FOR CONTAINING HYDRO- CARBON AND OTHER FLUIDS
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Marshall at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 29th
November 1865.
I, GEORGE MARSHALL, of Pont Blyddyn, near Mold, in the County of
Flint, Cooper, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR FACILITATING THE TREATING OR PREPARING OF CASES
AND OTHER VESSELS TO MAKE THEM TIGHT AND SUITABLE FOR CONTAINING HYDRO-
CARBON AND OTHER FLUIDS," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to apparatus or mechanical contrivances for facili-
tating the carrying into effect of that system of treating or preparing casks
for which I obtained Provisional Protection of date the 13th October 1865,
No. 2644.
On a base plate or floor I erect framework of timber or other material
of suitable height and strength. Between the principals of such frame-
work I place a moveable platform. This platform can be raised and
lowered by a lever, the fulcrum for which is in the frame, or by a rack and
pinion, or other means. Through or at the inner side of one of the said
principals of the said framework and over the moveable platform a nozzle,
by preference tapering, for conveying the elastic fluid at pressure, is fixed,
and through or at the opposite inner side of the framework, and also over
the moveable platform, there is carried a lateral travelling centre for secur-

page_text: ing the cask to be treated or prepared when it is raised by the moveable
platform. After the liquid glue or other coating used for filling the pores
and joinings of the cask has been poured thereinto, it, the said cask, is
placed on the said platform and raised therewith. As the said moveable
platform, which is provided with a roughened surface to prevent the cask
thereon from sliding, is being raised it comes into contact with one or more
angular guide pieces, and is thereby made to take a lateral as well as an
upward direction, and in this way the cask by its bunghole is made to
pass over or on to the nozzle above mentioned. When the cask is fairly
on or exactly opposite to the nozzle the said travelling centre is pushed
out by screw, rack, or other device, and made to secure it, and at this time
the platform is allowed to fall down to the base plate or floor. The cask
being now elevated sufficiently to allow it to be moved on an axial line
between the nozzle and the travelling centre, it is evident that by turning
on the pressure of elastic fluid and causing the cask to rotate the treat-
ment or preparation can be speedily accomplished.
It is obvious that the travelling centre above mentioned for securing the
cask might be provided with prongs or projections to catch into the cask
when raised, and a handle to turn it round on the nozzle of the fluid
pressure supply pipe.
It is also obvious that a series of nozzles and centres might be placed on
one base plate or floor with one platform, and I purpose so arranging them
when necessary.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF CASES, TO BE USED MORE ESPECIALLY FOR THE TRANSPORT OF OIL
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Johann Heinrich Pinckvoss at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 29th
September 1865.
I, JOHANN HEINRICH PINCKVOSS, of Mark Lane, in the City of London,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
CONSTRUCTION OF CASES, TO BE USED MORE ESPECIALLY FOR THE TRANSPORT OF OIL,"
to be as follows: -
This Invention consists in forming casks intended for the transport of oil
of metal instead of wood, to prevent loss of the oil by leakage, and also to
enable such said casks when empty to be stowed away in a small compass.
I propose to effect these objects by forming the cask in three principal parts,
that is to say, I form the body of the cask in two parts without angles, and
around one of such said parts and at a distance of about one inch, more or
less, from the edge thereof I affix a projecting fillet or collar, and I cut a
thread or screw around this part extending to the edge, and upon the other
half of the cask and near to the edge thereof, I form another similar screw,
and proceed to connect these two parts or halves together by a metal band or
collar, at the inside whereof there is cut a screw or thread of corresponding
pitch to those on the two halves of the cask; I also form a projecting collar
or rim on this screwed band; I likewise form a hole through the said hand
to receive a bung. This hole is intended to come opposite to the bung hole

page_text: in the cask when the two halves are screwed tightly together by the aforesaid
screwed band, and I make the junction perfectly tight by a band or washer
of vulcanized india-rubber or other suitable elastic material. And I further
secure the bung in its place by passing a strong pin through the same and
through holes in the aforesaid projecting collars or fillets. And I would here
observe that instead of cutting entire threads or screws around the two halves
of the cask and inside the connecting band aforesaid I can, if more convenient,
employ portions of threads or screws or inclined pieces suitably fixed upon
the outside of the two halves of the cask and the inside of the connecting
band, or employ an entire screw on the band and pins or projections on the
two halves of the cask. The projecting collars or fillets above mentioned
serve also to roll the cask about upon, the said collars being placed about
-three or four inches asunder.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE MEANS EMPLOYED FOR CLEANSING THE BOTTOMS OF SHIPS OR VESSELS
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Matthew Gisborne at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 7th
October 1865.
I, THOMAS MATTHEW GISBORNE, of Lymington, in the County of South-
ampton, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE MEANS EMPLOYED FOR CLEANSING THE BOTTOMS OF SHIPS OR VESSELS,"
to be as follows :-
My Invention consists in the application of sulphuric acid to the ship's
bottom for cleaning the same of any animal, vegetable, or other foreign
matter adhering thereto. For this purpose the sulphuric acid may be applied
to the ship's bottom, whether she is in or out of the water, either in the form
of a wash or of a jet, which if the vessel is in the water may conveniently
be conveyed to the required place through any suitable pipe or pipes by
pressure produced in any known manner, by gravity, or mechanical or
expansive force.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN BURGLAR-PROOF AND FIRE-PROOF SAFES
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alexander Clark at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 15th
February 1865.
I, ALEXANDER CLARK, of Gate Street, Lincoln's Inn Fields, and Rathbone
Place, in the County of Middlesex, Engineer and Revolving Shutter Manu-
facturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN BURGLAR-PROOF AND FIRE-PROOF SAFES," to be as follows:-
According to my improvements in safes I make them of one piece of cast
iron and chill them on the exterior; I also make them of a spherical form, so
that they present a surface exceedingly difficult to operate upon; I further
make the door or opening of such safe of a circular form, or it may be octa-
gonal or other many-sided figure, so as to obviate the long straight side of the
square door usually adopted. Safes of chilled cast iron may be cylindrical
with hemispherical ends, or even rectangular and of the ordinary form, but I
prefer the rounded forms, as no angles are presented which might be operated
upon by the burglar. In either case I make the door circular or many-sided,
as before described, and to occupy considerably less area than the side of the
safe (if square), thereby leaving great strength at all points round the door.
Instead of chilled cast iron these safes may be of cast steel hardened on the
exterior, and so resist equally well the penetration of tools. When safes are
required to be fire-proof I place the fire-proof material on the outside instead
of inside as usual for this purpose; I build the safe in fire-bricks or other fire-
proof material suitably bound with hoop or other iron, and apply a door of like
material in a frame hinged or otherwise mounted. For fire-proof safes it may

page_text: not in all cases be necessary to make them thief-proof; in such case the form
of the same and of the door may be modified so as to be more suitable for
books and other large articles.
Another improvement consists in making the door or access to wrought-iron
safes of a circular or many-sided form in the middle of one side instead of
occupying the whole area of such side as usual, and so leaving great strength
in the door frame. To secure the doors of these safes I either use locks and
keys as usual, or employ a going mechanism inside the safe which permits of
the door opening at stated intervals. This may be obtained by clockwork or
by a sand glass on the principle of the hour glass, or by the escape of mercury
or other fluid which is adjusted at the time of closing the safe, to permit of
its being opened in a given time, and not before.
The gong mechanism simply consists of an adaptation of what is known as
the tell-tale clock, which at stated intervals moves a bolt or catch of any
kind, which may either be applied to the door of the safe itself and so as to
allow it to open, or it may be placed in communication with the lock so as
to allow of its being unlocked by the key at stated intervals only.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION AND PAVING OF ROADS AND OTHER SURFACES
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Tommaso Guarnaschelli Pagano
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
13th January 1865.
I, TOMMASO GUARNASCHELLI PAGANO, of No. 12, Colville Road, Bayswater,
in the County of Middlesex, Doctor in Law, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION AND PAVING
OF ROADS AND OTHER SURFACES," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in the construction and
paving of roads and other surfaces, and consists in combining blocks of
granite, or other suitable stone by a certain alloy or compound of metals into
slabs, with which a road or other surface when properly shaped or formed is
paved. It is preferred that each block of granite or other stone should be
about five inches long, two and a half inches wide, and nine inches deep, though
these dimensions may be varied. A number of these blocks are placed side
by side, according to the size of the intended slab, within a rectangular box or
frame, leaving as small spaces or interstices between the blocks as may be.
Into these interstices a melted alloy or compound of iron, zinc, and lead is
run, by which the several blocks of stone are formed into a slab. The pro-
portions of these metals may be varied to some extent, but it is preferred to
combine them in about the following proportions,-one part by weight of iron,
two parts by weight of zinc, and four parts by weight of lead.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ORNAMENTING AND PROTECTING THE EDGES OF BED QUILTS, COUNTERPANES; TOILET COVERS, CARRIAGE RUGS; AND OTHER SIMILAR COVERINGS BY EDGING, BENDING, OR. FRINGING BY. MACHINERY
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Knowles and Joseph Lindley
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their. Petition, on the
1st September 1865..
Wě, ROBERT KNOWLES and JOSEPH LINDLEY, of the City of Manchester;
in the County of Lancaster, Manufacturers, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention: for "IMPROVEMENTS IN ORNAMENTING AND PROTECTING THE
EDGES OF BED QUILTS, COUNTERPANES; TOILET COVERS, CARRIAGE RUGS; AND OTHER
SIMILAR COVERINGS BY EDGING, BENDING, OR. FRINGING BY. MACHINERY," to be as
follows:-
This Invention has for its object the ornamentation and protection of the
edges of bed quilts, counterpanes, toilet covers, carriage rugs, and other
similar coverings by edging,.binding, or fringing in a novel manner by sewing.
machinery and other mechanism, and consists in the use of a combination of
two or more threads of silk, cotton, wool, or other suitable- fibrous material
for forming the edging, binding, or fringing; one, both, or all of the said.
threads being either of the same or of a different colour to the article to be
ornamented on its edge.. One of the said threads forms the fringe or edging.
by being laid by suitable mechanism upon the edge of the covering in a zig-zag
or plaited direction, whilst the other thread is used for securing the said
fringe or edging to the article to be ornamented, in contra-distinction to having
the edging or fringe made separately and afterwards sewn to the article to

page_text: be ornamented. It will be readily understood that by having both or all of
the threads for forming the fringe or edging of a different colour, a pretty
effect and contrast to the colour of the covering may be formed. The
machinery suitable for carrying out this Invention is particularly described
in Leonard Lindley and Frederick Taylor's Specification of Patent, No. 957,
and dated April 4th, 1862, as far as edging is concerned; but for the purpose
of forming fringe it would be necessary to arrange the nozzle of the thread
guide therein specified so as to come beyond the edge of the fabric to be
ornamented, the distance therefrom depending upon the width of the fringe
required, which is easily accomplished by altering the stroke of the cam which
imparts the reciprocating motion to the said thread guide.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PROPELLING VESSELS
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Daniel Spink at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 10th June
1865.
I, DANIEL SPINK, of South Road, Weston-super-Mare, in the County of
Somerset, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN PROPELLING VESSELS," to be as follows:-
My improvements in propelling vessels relate to the application of hot air
and steam in combination with certain apparatus consisting of an arrange-
ment of passages or channels and valves, whereby the desired results are
obtained. This apparatus will be best understood by reference to the
Drawings annexed.
Fig. 1 is a sectional plan showing it as arranged for going ahead; Fig. 2 is
a like plan with the apparatus arranged for going astern; while Fig. 3 is a.
longitudinal vertical section of Figs. 1 and 2.
A, A, B, and C, C, are channels having communication with the external
water; d, d, throttle valves which, when closed as shown, shut off all com-
munication with pipes C, C, which latter pipes are only used for going astern;
e, e, throttle valves which, when closed as they are in going astern, shut off
all communication with pipes A, A. The steam passing through steam pipe a,
lifting valves f, enters pipes A, of which there are two, one on each side of
the dead wood, which steam, on coming into contact with the water outside
the vessel, gets condensed. Water then rises through the bottom of the ship.
through pipes B, lifting the valves g, while valve f falls or closes, preventing

page_text: any water from coming back into steam pipe, and valves à rise, admitting hot
air from flue 6 or smoke box of boiler. Fresh steam is then admitted either by
automatic means or by a valve driven by a small supplementary engine, which
steam drives the hot air before it, closing valves B and displacing the water
already in pipes A, and so propels the vessel forward. The operation of going
astern is induced in like manner, but at same time opening passages C, C,
and closing A, A, by their valves d and e, the action being clearly indicated
by the arrows in Fig. 3.