Improvements in or relating to Filters.
Year: 1892

page_text: Date of Application, 20th Aug., 1892-Accepted, 8th Oct., 1892
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in or relating to Filters.
I, WILLIAM EDWARD CADDELL of 121 Oxford Street, London, W., Merchant,
do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement :—
This invention relates to filters, large or small which may be worked by power
or by hand as required. The chief object to be attained is to facilitate the
flow of water through the filtering material and the invention will be understood
by the following description and by reference to the accompanying drawings, in
which :-
11
Figure 1 is an elevation partly in section of an apparatus constructed for the
carrying out of this invention, with the application of a vacuum.
Figure 2 is a similar view of a modified form, and
Figure 3 is an apparatus designed to work with vacuum or with air pressure, or
with both.
Like letters represent like parts throughout the drawings.
A represents a vessel of metal or other suitable material divided into two
chambers, B to contain the unfiltered water or other liquid, and C to contain the
filtered water or other liquid, D being the diaphragm or division by which the
chambers are separated. E represents the filtering material which may be in
the form of a solid block preferably of kieselguhr or may be granular or other
material carried in a suitable case or supported upon suitable frames or the like;
the interior of the filtering material or that portion by which the filtered water
escapes is connected with the chamber C. In the drawing the block of kieselguhr E
is shown supported in a cup or stand F reduced in diameter in the central portion
and sprung through a block of indiarubber or the like G in the diaphragm D; the
branch or nozzle F¹ being perforated to allow of the passage of the filtered water.
Any other suitable chambers may however be employed for this purpose. The
chamber C is connected with a pump H or other means for producing a vacuum in
that chamber thus sucking the water through the filtering medium so as to increase
the flow. J is the handle if it be a hand pump.
In Figure 1 the suction branch H₁ of the pump passes directly into the
chamber C the cock I being provided for the purpose of allowing the admission of
air into the chamber C when it is desired to draw liquid from it by the draw-
off cock K the cock I being closed when the pump is at work and open at other
times.
In Figure 2 it will be seen that the pump which is intended to be operated by
hand by the handle J sucks by the indiarubber or other flexible suction pipe L
from the top of the whole apparatus, the pipe L being connected with the stand
pipe M secured in the diaphragm D by suitable screw or other connections, the
end of the pipe M opening into the chamber C so that the pump although con-
nected with the top of the apparatus sucks air only from the chamber C. The air
sucked by the pump H may be discharged through the branch H' which may also
be used as a handle for holding the pump and the end H' of which may be used if
desired to place a flexible pipe upon for the purpose of delivering a blast from the
pump wherever it may be required. However, as any suitable kind of pump may
be employed the exact construction is immaterial. In Figure 2 the air cock I is
shown inside the upper chamber B but for convenience it may be carried outside.
By employing the flexible pipe L the pump H Figure 2 can be lifted away from
the filter and worked horizontally or at any convenient angle, this being a con-
venient disposition with a filter of the kind shown in Figure 2 which would usually
be of a portable nature.

page_text: The filter in Figure 2 is intended to be made of earthenware or the like and is
shown in two portions jointed together at N, a tight joint being obtained by suitable
packing N¹ and the parts connected by flanges which may be drawn together by
suitable clamps screw bolts or the like..
It will be understood that the shape and arrangement of the two tanks or vessels B
and C may be varied; they may be placed side by side for example the pump
serving to draw the liquid from one to the other.
So far I have described the use of a vacuum for the purpose of sucking the
liquid through the filtering material and as the material which I usually employ-
kieselguhr-is of an exceedingly close nature I find it desirable to assist its action
in some such manner but I may obtain a similar result by applying air pressure to
the chamber. of unfiltered liquid (which for this purpose would be constructed as au
air-tight chamber), instead of or in addition to the vacuum in the chamber of
filtered liquid. The pump therefore, or equivalent apparatus, may be employed to
force air into the chamber B or to suck air out of the chamber C, or both, the
result depending merely upon the connections between the pump and the chambers.
Thus the air sucked out of the chamber C instead of being discharged into the
atmosphere may if desired be discharged into the chamber B so that the two
operations may be performed at the same time, means such as a cock or valve being
provided to enable external air to be pumped into B when the air in C has become
too rarefied to be of service for increasing the pressure in B.
An arrangement of this nature is illustrated in Figure 3, where the pump H is
shown with one connection H to the chamber C and another connection H'
communicating by the pipe H with the chamber B. The connection H' has a
branch communicating with the atmosphere and a two-way cock P so that the
pump H by the branch H¹ may suck from the chamber C or from the atmosphere
through the branch O. The connection H2 is also provided with a branch O
opening to the atmosphere and a two-way cock P so that the pump H may by the
connection H' discharge either into the atmosphere or by the pipe H³ into the
chamber B. The cocks P may if desired be connected together so as to work
in unison or they may be four-way cocks instead of two-way cocks or valves
so that each end of the pump, should a double action pump be used, may suck
or discharge either into or from the air or the chamber to which it appertains.
In some instances it is very important to be able to employ a vacuum-the more
perfect the better-in the chamber of filtered liquid because by using a suitable
filtering medium any germs contained in the liquid to be filtered may be sterilized
or entirely removed so that if passing from the filtering material into a vacuum,
and from there bottled and corked up without coming in contact with the atmo-
spheric air, the liquid may be kept in a pure and wholesome condition for almost
any length of time.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. The combination with the filter of a pump or equivalent apparatus for the
purpose of producing vacuum in the chamber containing the filtered fluid substan-
tially as described and illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
2. The combination with a filter of a pump H or equivalent device and an air
cock such as I substantially as and for the purpose described and illustrated in the
accompanying drawings.
3. In a filter the combination with the chamber C containing filtered liquid
of a stand pipe such as M reaching to or near the top of the apparatus a
flexible pipe such as L connected therewith and a pump or equivalent apparatus H
substantially as and for the purpose described and illustrated in the accompanying
drawings.
4. In a filter the combination with a stand pipe such as M in the chamber for the
unfiltered liquid and communicating with the chamber for the filtered liquid and to

page_text: which a pump or equivalent device is connected of an air cock I connected with the
stand pipe and located inside the filter substantially as described and illustrated in
Figure 2 of the accompanying drawings.
5. The employment of air pressure for the purpose of increasing the flow of liquid
through the filtering material.
6. The combination with the filtering material of air pressure in the chamber of
unfiltered liquid for the purpose of increasing the flow of liquid through the
filtering material.
7. The combination with air pressure before the filtering material of a vacuum
or air at less than the atmospheric pressure after the filtering material for the
purpose of increasing the flow of liquid through the filtering material.
W. E. CADDELL.
W. P. Thompson & Boult,
Agents for the Applicant.
W. E. CADDELL.
W. P. Thompson & Boult,
Agents for the Applicant.