IMPROVEMENTS IN LINES OR CORDS FOR SUSPENDING PICTURES WINDOW SASHES AND CHANDELIERS AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1885

page_text: мирогощени
Виброп
Window Sashes, and Chandeliers, and for other Purposes.
We GEORGE HOOKHAM of N° 7 and 8 New Bartholomew Street Birmingham
in the County of Warwick Manufacturer and WILLIAM HENRY TONKS of the firm
of William Tonks and Sons of Moseley Street Birmingham aforesaid Manufacturers
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for " IMPROVEMENTS IN LINES
OR CORDS FOR SUSPENDING PICTURES WINDOW SASHES AND CHANDELIERS AND
FOR OTHER PURPOSES" to be as follows:-
In constructing the said lines or cords according to the said invention we take a
line or cord of hemp cotton or other strong vegetable fibre made by plaiting
twisting or otherwise and we impregnate the said line or cord with wax stearine
paraffin or other water-proofing material not injuriously effected by the atmosphere.
We will hereinafter call this waterproofed line or cord the core.
We coil upon the said core a metallic wire preferably of annealed brass or
copper the said wire being so coiled that the several convolutions are not in contact
but are separated a distance about equal to one fourth of the diameter of the wire
or if its longest diameter if the said wire is not cylindrical. This we effect by
causing the core to travel through the covering machine with one fourth greater
velocity than is required when the convolutions of the coil are to be in contact.
We prefer to make the wire coil described of flat wire having a thickness of
about one third its breadth. Wire of this kind has the advantage of a larger
bearing surface both on the core and on the suspending pulley hook or nail than
wire of a cylindrical figure. The coil may however be made of cylindrical or other
shaped wire but in all cases we keep the convolutions separated by a distance
about equal to one fourth of the largest diameter of the wire as herein before
described.
Lines or cords made according to our invention have great flexibility and can be
readily tied in a knot without removal of the wire covering.
When great strength is required the core may have in its axis one or more wires
or may be made wholly of wire but in these cases the line or cord will not have
the same flexibility as the line or cord made with a core of vegetable fibre.
The covering of the core with a coil of wire in the manner hereinbefore described
may be applied to cords consisting of a helical wire core covered by plaiting: or
07.

page_text: otherwise with a fibrous covering upon which latter the final helical wire covering
is coiled.
The space between the convolutions of the wire coil may be filled by winding
therein waterproofed cotton or thread and the fibrous core may be covered with
waterproofed tape or strip of woven fabric before applying the wire covering but 5
for general purposes we prefer the method of manufacture herein first described.
.
.
100K
Window Sashes, and Chandeliers, and for other Purposes.
We GEORGE HOOKHAM of NOB 7 and 8 New Bartholomew Street, Birmingham
in the County of Warwick, Manufacturer and WILLIAM HENRY TONKS of the firm
of William Tonks and Sons of Moseley Street Birmingham aforesaid Manufacturers
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention and in what manner the same
is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement:―
In constructing the said lines or cords according to the said invention we take a
line or cord of hemp cotton or other strong vegetable fibre made by plaiting
twisting or otherwise and we impregnate the said line or cord with wax, stearine
paraffin or other waterproofing material not injuriously affected by the atmosphere.
We will hereinafter call this waterproofed line or cord the core.
We coil upon the said core a metallic wire preferably of annealed brass or copper
the said wire being so coiled that the several convolutions are not in contact but
are separated a distance about equal to one fourth of the diameter of the wire or
of its longest diameter if the said wire is not cylindrical. This we effect by
causing the core to travel through the covering machine with one fourth greater
velocity than is required when the convolutions of the coil are to be in contact.
We prefer to make the wire coil described of flat or slightly convex wire having
a thickness of about one third its breadth. Wire of this kind has the advantage of
a larger bearing surface both on the core and on the suspending pulley, hook or nail
than wire of a cylindrical figure. The coil may however be made of cylindrical or
other shaped wire but in all cases we keep the convolutions separated by a distance
about equal to one fourth of the largest diameter of the wire as herein before
described,

page_text: Lines or cords made according to this invention have great flexibility and can´be
readily tied in a knot without the removal of the wire covering.
When great strength is required the core may have in its axis one or more wires
or may be made wholly of wire but in these cases the line or cord will not have
the same flexibility as the line or cord made with a core of vegetable fibre.
The covering of the core with a coil of wire in the manner hereinbefore described
may be applied to cords consisting of a helical wire core covered by plaiting or
otherwise with a fibrous covering upon which latter the final helical wire covering.
is coiled.
The space between the convolutions of the wire coil may be filled by winding
therein waterproofed cotton or thread and the fibrous core may be covered with
waterproofed tape or strip of woven fabric before applying the wire covering but
for general purposes we prefer the method of manufacture herein first described.
Figure 1 of the accompanying Drawing represents partly in elevation and partly
in longitudinal section, a cord or line drawn to a large scale, constructed according
to this invention and Figure 2 represents a portion of the metallic covering wire.
a is the waterproofed core of hemp cotton or other strong vegetable fibre made
by twisting plaiting or otherwise and b is the metallic wire coiled upon the said
core the several convolutions of the covering wire b not being in contact as
represented. The covering wire b is coiled upon the core a so that the convolutions
are separated a short distance by causing the core a to travel through the covering
machine with a greater velocity than required when the convolutions of the coil
are to be in contact.
The covering wire or coil 6 may either be flat or slightly convex or of a
cylindrical or other shape in cross section. In Figure 1 we have represented the
wire of the coil b as having a slightly convex figure in cross section. By giving
the wire this sectional figure its edges slightly penetrate into or take a firm bearing
against the fibrous core a upon which it is coiled and the slipping or movement of
the coil upon the core is effectually prevented. But we wish it to be understood
that flat, cylindrical or other shaped wire the convolutions of which are arranged
as described and represented may be combined with the fibrous core a; and
although we prefer to waterproof the core a yet an unwaterproofed core of fibrous
material may be used with the wire covering arranged as described. The fibrous
core a may be strengthened by having one or more wires in its axis. Or in place
of a fibrous core or a fibrous core strengthened by metallic wires, a core made
wholly of wire may be used.
Figure 3 represents another line or cord made according to this invention. In
this line or cord the fibrous core a (strengthened if necessary as before described) is
covered with a tape or strip of woven fabric c saturated with india rubber or other
waterproofing material before the core a is covered with the helical wire b the
convolutions of which are separated as before described. In this line or cord the
covering wire or coil b is represented as made of flat wire but wire of the slightly
convex figure represented in Figures 1 and 2, or cylindrical or other shaped wire
may be used in place of flat wire. Figure 4 represents another cord or line made
according to this invention. In this cord or line the helical wire covering b is
combined with a hollow or tubular core d made of a compact helix or coil of steel
or other wire, the said metallic core d being covered with a tube e of hemp or other
fibrous material before the wire covering b is applied to it. The tube of hemp e is
made by plaiting braiding or twisting and is waterproofed. The helical wire
covering 6 of the cord or line, the convolutions of which covering are separated
as hereinbefore described, may have the sectional figure of the wire coil shown in
Figures 1 and 2 or be of a cylindrical or other form in cross section.
The space between the convolutions of the wire coils & Figures 1, 3 and 4 may be
filled by winding therein waterproofed cotton or thread.
By constructing lines or cords according to this invention, that is, with the
convolutions of the covering wire coils separated a short distance apart, they have
great flexibility and can readily be tied in a knot without removing the wire

page_text: covering. When the core is strengthened by wire as described, or is made wholly
of wire, the line or cord has not the same flexibility as when the core is made
wholly of fibrous material as in Figures 1 and 3.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this inven-
tion and the manner in which the same is to be performed we declare that what
we claim as the said invention;-
The improvements in lines or cords for suspending pictures window sashes and
chandeliers and for other purposes herein before described and illustrated in the
accompanying Drawing; that is to say, coiling upon a core made substantially in
any of the several ways described and illustrated, a covering wire the said covering
wire being either flat or of other figure and so coiled on the core that the
convolutions are not in contact but are a short distance apart for the purpose and
substantially as described and illustrated.