IMPROVEMENTS IN TURBINES AND IN APPARATUS-CONNECTED. THEREWITH
Year: 1873

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James Cooke, of Richmond, in the County of
York, Paper Manufacturer, and George Hibbert, of the same Place,
Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN TURBINES AND IN
APPARATUS-CONNECTED. THEREWITH.”
:
PROVISIONAL. SPECIFICATION. left by the said James Cooke and
George Hibbert at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 29th July 1878.
We, JAMES COOKE, of Richmond, in: the County of York, Paper
Manufacturer, and GEORGE HIBBERT, of the same Place, Engineer, do
Hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
TURBINES AND-EP APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH," to be as follows:-
Our Invention consists in making the runner of the turbine with a
bevelled circumference, in which are the ports for the admission of
water or water combined with steam. The lower edge of the guide is
bevelled to fit the runner, and when any wear takes place between the

page_text: runner and the guide the runner can be set up by regulating screws to
prevent leakage.
The turbine is divided into four or other convenient number of tiers of
ports, and these tiers of ports are closed, or part of them are closed by
segmental spring clows, the position of which is regulated by screws or
otherwise. The ports are gradually reduced in size to the point of the
runner in order that the water or water combined with steam may be
kept up at a uniform pressure until it is discharged. ·
.
The runner or sectionally bucketed wheel is fixed to the body or sub-
plate, which is fixed to a shaft communicating power from the runner.
The ports are curved channels for guiding the water, or water and steam,
into the curved buckets of the runner, and the segmental spring clows
are raised and lowered by a screw or otherwise, so as to cover or uncover
the required number of tiers of ports. The head step or bearing is
provided with an oil and water lute.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said James Cooke and George Hibbert in the Great
Seal Patent Office on the 28th January 1874.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, JAMES
COOKE, of Richmond, in the County of York, Paper Manufacturer, and 2
GEORGE HIBBERT, of the same Place, Engineer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-ninth day of July, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-three, in the thirty-
seventh year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto us, the said James Cooke and George Hibbert,
Her special licence that we, the said James Cooke and George Hibbert,
our executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as we, the
said James Cooke and George Hibbert, our executors, administrators,
and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time
to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed,
should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands,

page_text: and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN TURBINES AND IN
APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH," upon the condition (amongst others)
that we, the said James Cooke and George Hibbert, our executors or
administrators, by an instrument in writing under our, or their, or
one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was
to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal
Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after
the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said James Cooke and George Hibbert,
do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement (that is to say) :-
Our Invention consists in making the runner of the turbine with a
bevelled circumference, in which are the ports for the admission of
water or water combined with steam. The lower edge of the guide is
bevelled to fit the runner, and when any wear takes place between the
runner and the guide the runner can be set up by regulating screws or
other means to prevent leakage.
The turbine is divided into four or other convenient number of tiers of
ports, and these tiers of ports are closed, or part of them are closed, by
segmental spring clowes, the position of which is regulated by screws or
otherwise. The ports are gradually reduced in size to the point of the
runner in order that the water or water combined with steam may be
kept up at a uniform pressure until it is discharged.
The runner or sectionally bucketted wheel is fixed to the body or húb
plate, which is fixed to a shaft communicating power from the runner.
The ports are curved channels for guiding the water, or water and steam,
into the curved buckets of the runner, and the segmental spring clowes
are raised and lowered by a screw or otherwise, so as to cover or uncover
the required number of tiers of ports. The head step or bearing is
provided with an oil and water lute.
And in order that our Invention may be fully understood and readily
carried into operation we will proceed to describe the accompanying
Sheet of Drawings, reference being had to the figures and letters marked
thereon.

page_text: Fig. 1 is a sectional elevation of our improved turbine adapted for a
low fall; Fig. 2 is a side view, and Fig. 3, a plan of part of the same.
This improved turbine consists of two main parts, as is the case in
ordinary turbines, namely, the fixed part, in which are the ports or
guides for the water, and the runner or the movable part, which is caused t
to rotate by the water issuing from the ports; our improvements consist
in the mode of constructing and in the arrangement of the various parts
of the turbine and the apparatus connected therewith.
The upper cylindrical case a is divided into four tiers of curved
channels a¹, forming the ports to guide the water, or water combined 1
with steam, from the inside to the outside of the case, as shewn by the
arrows in Fig. 1; the ports a¹ are wider at the entrance than they are at
the exit, and the direction in which the ports are curved is shewn
in Fig. 2. The case a is secured to the hollow shaft 6 by the disc c, and
the hollow shaft is supported above by the framework of the gearing or 1
other fixture. The runner d is placed under the case a, and it is pro-
vided with four annular rows of curved buckets d', the curve of the
buckets being in the contrary direction to that of the ports, as shewn
in Fig. 2, and as in turbines of the ordinary construction.
In the turbine shewn we have made forty compartments in the guide
and in the runner, but the number may be varied according to the
diameter of the turbine or other cause. The runner d is connected to
the upright shaft e by the disc or hub plate f, and the shaft e is sus-
pended in the head step 9 by the two lock nuts g¹, the lower one
revolving on a brass or other plate in an oil chamber surrounded by a 2
water chamber. The under surface of the case a is bevelled, and the
upper surface of the runner d is also bevelled to the same angle, by this
means, when any wear takes place between the two surfaces, the
attendants can regulate the level of the runner by the lock nuts above
referred to, thereby preventing leakage. On the vertical shaft e is fixed a
the bevel wheel e¹ gearing into the pinion h, for transmitting the motion
of the turbine to the purpose required.
The power of the turbine can be regulated by varying the position of
the spring clow i, which is made of one or more convenient number of
segments of sheet iron or other metal suspended by the rods ; to the
arms k, shewn also in Fig. 3, which are capable of sliding up and down
on the hollow shaft b. The machinery for raising and lowering the

page_text: clowes consists of the screw 1, which passes through a nut in one of the.
arms k, and on the upper end of the screw is fixed a worm wheel t,
which is driven by the worm m fixed on a horizontal shaft, bụt this
mechanism may be varied.
The Drawing shows the clowes i half way down, that is to say, tivo of
the tiers of ports a² are covered by the clowes, and two are uncovered,
but the position of the clowes can be varied according to the power
that is required, or according to the fall or volume of water or other
cause. The water or water combined with steam in passing down the
clow is contracted, and on issuing below the clow it instantly expands
and enters the wider orifice of the ports, down which it rushes, and in
escaping from the lower and narrower end of the ports it impinges
against the curved blades or buckets of the runner and causes it to
revolve at a speed and with the force due to the volume and fall of the
water. The reduction in the size of the ports in the stationary case a
causes the water or water combined with steam to be kept up at a
uniform pressure until it is discharged. When steam is used it is
introduced into the guide port or ports with or without water.
Fig. 4 is a section of our improved turbine adapted for a high fall;
this turbine is very much like the one above described, but the water
instead of being supplied from above, as shewn in Fig. 1, is conducted
from below.
The stationary case a is divided into four tiers of ports, as the one
before described, but the upper tier of ports is made shorter than before
to facilitate the passage of the water; the case a is fixed to the shell b,
which is bolted to the channel or water way n. The runner d is con-
neuted to the vertical shaft e by the dise or hub plate f, and the spring
clow i is raised and lowered from below by the lever and rod », which
passes through a stuffing box in the water way n, as now customary.
The shaft e is suspended from above by regulating screw nuts, as before
described, or in any other convenient manner, so that when any leakage
takes place between the upper surface of the runner and the lower
surface of the case with the guide ports the runner can be set up by the
regulating screw nut, thereby avoiding the waste of water, which in
ordinary turbines is very considerable.
The angle of the wearing surfaces of the runner and the ports can be
varied to any extent, the angle we have found most advantageous is

page_text: that of forty-five degrees, but any angle less than that will do, or even
the surface may be horizontal or bevelled in the contrary direction.
Having thus stated the nature of our Invention and described two
convenient modes of carrying the same into operation, we wish it to be
understood that we do not limit ourselves to the details given as they 5
may be considerably varied or modified.
what of forty-five degrees, but any angle less than that will do, or even
the surface may be horizontal or bevelled in the contrary direction.
Having thus stated the nature of our Invention and described two
convenient modes of carrying the same into operation, we wish it to be
understood that we do not limit ourselves to the details given as they
may be considerably varied or modified.
We claim as our Invention,-
First. Placing the discharge ports of the fixed guide, and the
admission ports of the runner in a vertical plane instead of in a hori-
zontal plane, as heretofore.
Secondly. Making the lower edge of the fixed guide ports and the
upper edge of the runner bevelled to prevent waste.
-
Thirdly. Making the fixed guide ports wider at the point of entrance
than at the point of discharge, for the purpose described.
Fourthly. Combining steam with the water for supplémenting the
working of turbines, as described.
Fifthly. The segmental spring clowes for turbines, as shewn and
described.
And, Lastly. The improved head step with oil and water lute, as
shewn and described.
In witness whereof, we, the said James Cooke and George Hibbert,
have hereto set our hands and seals, this Twentieth day of
January, One thousand eight hundred and seventy-four.
JAMES COOKE.
(L.S.)