Improvements in Apparatus for Damping, Coating, or Colouring Paper and such like when being Calendered or Previous to its being Dried and Finished.
Year: 1898

page_text: Date of Application, 8th July, 1898
Complete Specification Left, 21st Mar., 1899-Accepted, 6th May, 1899
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Apparatus for Damping, Coating, or Colouring
Paper and such like when being Calendered or Previous to its
being Dried and Finished.
I, DAVID NOBLE BERTRAM, of St. Katherine's Works, Sciennes, Edinburgh,
in the County of Edinburgh, Scotland, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature
of this invention to be as follows:-
This invention relates to improvements in apparatus for damping, coating,
or colouring paper and such like while being calendered or previous to its being
dried and finished, and has for its objects:
1st. The automatic regulating of the depth and uniformity of flow of the
liquid in front of the rolls or the drying cylinder.
2nd. The regulating of the width of the liquid on the rolls to suit the web
being treated.
3rd. Stopping and renewing the supply of liquid to the rolls when desired, such
as stopping it when the web is being passed through the rolls, and immediately
applying the regulated quantity as before.
4th. Applying the liquid to the web at some distance from the point where it
passes between the rolls.
5th. Using one or any number of liquids, solution, or colours on one or both
sides at the same time, and arrangement of "doctors" for the same.
6th. Separating or blending as may be desired the contiguous liquids, solu-
tions, or colours so that any desired effect may be produced.
".
According to this invention a doctor" is provided of a suitable section and
having a channel which is supplied with a liquid or a coating or colouring
solution from any suitable source, and is provided with an overflow pipe which
can be regulated to maintain the liquid at a constant desired height. Such
channel communicates with that part of the
doctor which conveys the liquid
"
on to the rolls; the communication being made preferably at or near the centre
of the width or at points less than the narrowest width of the web to be treated.
In this front part adjustable end pieces are provided which can be placed and
fixed at any desired position to suit the width of the web, thus regulating the
width of the liquid flowing on to the roll.
The roll in its rotation draws the liquid upwards and any desired depth of
liquid can be kept in front of the rolls by regulating the overflow in the outer
channel. To prevent the liquid flowing over the sides of the moveable 'emd
pieces, a jet of air, steam, water or other suitable fluid may be employed to blow
the liquid inwards, in this manner preventing such liquid from leaking past the
ends. These jets can be so adjusted that the edges of the web can be left dry if
desired. Sometimes instead of, or in addition to jets, the moveable end pieces
may be made to accurately fit the lower roll and so confine the liquid and pre-
vent it spreading.
By another modification the "doctor" is so constructed that it can be con-
veniently arranged or divided into any number of divisions or compartments by
the addition of a number of divisions which would be somewhat similarly con-

page_text: structed to the adjustable end pieces mentioned above. Each compartment or
division can be supplied with a different liquid, solution, or colour as may be
necessary to produce any desired effect.
To prevent the contiguous solutions from intermingling a jet may be applied
to each of the divisions in the same manner as that already described for the
ends, and if it is desired to cause the contiguous solutions or liquid to mix, the
jets can be manipulated to effect this and thus produce various effects on the
surface of the paper.
In another modification a roll is provided which may be made of, or covered
with any suitable material, and placed between the "doctor" and the web to be
damped, the object being to apply the liquid to the web at some distance from the
point where such web passes through the rolls. The doctor" in this modifica-
"
tion may be similar to those previously described and is provided with adjustable
end pieces to regulate the width of the liquid, or it may be divided into divisions
and the regulating jets applied as described above.
"
It is to be understood that the doctor" and its appurtenances may be so.
modified as to make it applicable to any suitable type of calender or drying and
finishing machine. It is also to be understood that the liquid herein mentioned
may be any suitable solution for colouring, coating or damping the paper, and
the solution or liquid may be applied to suit or to meet the different effects
required on the surface of the paper.
To provide for stopping and renewing the supply of liquid to the rolls, the
"doctor" is mounted on suitable brackets or levers in order that it can be lowered
or tilted and thus cause the liquid to flow away from the rolls as may be desired,
suitable stops or wedges being provided so that it can be readily fixed in either
position. The "doctors" and their appurtenances may be constructed in such a
manner that they can be lowered automatically and the supply of liquid stopped
should the web break. Sometimes instead of lowering the doctor" in order
to cause the liquid to flow away from the rolls, a sluice may be provided, which
by suitable means can be dropped and thus cut off the flow of the liquid. The
liquid or solutions may be hot or cold, or a steam pipe may be laid in the outer
channel to heat the liquid to any desired effect.
Dated this 6th day of July 1898
66
GEO. C. DOUGLAS & Co.,
41, Reform Street, Dundee, Agents for Applicant.
Improvements in Apparatus for Damping, Coating, or Colouring
Paper and such like when being Calendered or Previous to its
being Dried and Finished.
I, DAVID NOBLE BERTRAM, of St. Katherine's Works, Sciennes, Edinburgh,
in the County of Edinburgh, Scotland, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature
of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particu-
larly described and ascertained in and by the following statement :—
This invention relates to improvements in apparatus for damping, coating
or colouring paper and such like when being calendered, or previous to its being
dried and finished, and has for its objects:
1st. The automatic regulating of the depth and uniformity of flow of the
liquid in front of the rolls, or the drying cylinder.
2nd. The regulating of the width of the liquid on the rolls to suit the web
being treated.

page_text: 3rd. Stopping and renewing the supply of liquid to the rolls when desired, such
as stopping it when the web is being passed through the rolls, and immediately
applying the regulated quantity as before.
4th. Applying the liquid to the web at some distance from the point where it
passes between the rolls.
5th. Using one or any number of liquids, solutions, or colours on one or both
sides at the same time, and arrangement of doctors" for the same.
..
6th. Separating or blending as may be desired the contiguous liquids, solu-
tions, or colours so that any desired effect may be produced.
And in order that my said invention and the manner of performing or carrying
the same into effect or practice may be properly understood, I have hereunto
appended four explanatory sheets of drawings in which the same reference
numerals are used to indicate corresponding parts in all the figures where shown,
that is to say :-
Figure (Sheet 1) is an end elevation of a calendering machine showing the
position of the doctors and their appurtenances.
Figure 2 (Sheet 2) is a plan of a "doctor."
Figure 3 (Sheet 2) is a section of a calender gable at A A (Figure 1).
Figure 4 (Sheet 2) is an enlarged cross-sectional view of the overflow.
Figure 5 (Sheet 3) is an enlarged cross-sectional view of a "doctor" showing
its relative position to the calender rolls, when in action.
Figure 6 (Sheet 3) is a plan of a sliding end.
Figure 7 (Sheet 3) is a section at B B (Figure 5).
Figure 8 (Sheet 3) is a section at CC (Figure 5).
Figure 9 (Sheet 3) is a section at CC (Figure 5).
Figure 9 (Sheet 3) is a diagramatic view showing how the
applied in conjunction with extra rollers.
"
doctors may be
Figure 10 (Sheet 4) is a side elevation showing how the "doctors" may be
lowered automatically should the web break.
According to this invention a “doctor” 10 is provided of a suitable section and
having a channel 11 which is supplied with a liquid, or a coating or colouring
solution from any suitable source, and is provided with an overflow pipe 12 which
can be regulated by screwing or unscrewing to maintain the liquid at a constant
desired height. Such channel communicates by means of apertures 13 with the
part 14 of the "doctor" which conveys the liquid on to the rolls 15; the com-
munication being made preferably at or near the centre of the width or at points
à less distance apart than the narrowest width of the web 16 to be treated. In
this front part adjustable end pieces 17 are provided which can be placed and
fixed at any desired position by means of the hook 18 and thumb screw 19 to suit
the width of the web, thus regulating the width of the liquid flowing on to
the roll.
The roll in its rotation draws the liquid upwards and any desired depth of
liquid can be kept in front of the rolls by regulating the overflow 12, in the
outer channel. To prevent the liquid flowing over the sides of the moveable
end pieces 17, seeing they cannot be made to fit closely to the upper roll 20
(Figure 5), a jet of air, steam, water or other suitable fluid may be employed to
blow the liquid inwards, in this manner preventing such liquid from leaking
past the ends.
One way of constructing such ends is shown in detail by Figures 5 6 7
and 8:-
17 is an adjustable metal end, which, at the bottom fits closely to the bottom
extension 14 of the "doctor" and at the back to the exterior of the channel 11.
21 is a metal plate and 22 a soft rubber washer so arranged on the inside of the
end that when the thumb screw 23 is screwed up tightly, the washer 22 extends
laterally, bearing against the back and the bottom of the "doctor" and so making
a joint of sufficient tightness. 24 is a nipple to which may be attached the pipe
whose purpose is to convey the air, or other fluid to the nozzle 25. This nozzle

page_text: is open at its under side and the inner edge, if desired, may be further away
from the roll than the outer in order that the air may more readily escape towards
the middle of such roll, and so blow back the escaping fluid. These jets can be
so adjusted that the edges of the web can be left dry, if desired. Sometimes
instead of, or in addition to jets, the moveable end pieces may be made to accu-
rately fit the lower roll and so confine the liquid and prevent it spreading..
"
By another modification the doctor" is so constructed that it can be con-
veniently arranged or divided into any number of divisions or compartments by
the addition of a number of divisions 39 (Figure 2) which would be somewhat
similarly constructed to the adjustable end picces mentioned above. Each com-
partment or division can be supplied with a different liquid, solution or colour
as may be necessary to produce any desired effect. To prevent the contiguous
solutions from intermingling, a jet may be applied to each of the divisions in
the same manner as that already described for the ends, and if it is desired to
cause the contiguous solutions or liquid to mix, the jets can be manipulated to
effect this and thus produce various effects on the surface of the paper.
"
In another modification a roll 40 is provided which may be made of, or covered
with any suitable material, and placed between the doctor" and the web to
be damped, the object being to apply the liquid to the web at some distance
from the point where such web passes through the rolls. The "doctor" in this
modification may be similar to those previously described and is provided with
adjustable end pieces to regulate the width of the liquid, or it may be divided
into divisions and the regulating jets applied as described above,
"
It is to be understood that the doctor and its appurtenances may be so
modified as to make it applicable to any suitable type of calender or drying and
finishing machine, and it may be made in one piece instead of as shown, if
desired. It is also to be understood that the liquid herein mentioned may be
any suitable solution for colouring, coating or damping the paper, and the solu-
tion or liquid may be applied to suit or to meet the different effects required
on the surface of the paper.
To provide for stopping and renewing the supply of liquid to the rolls the
doctor" is mounted on suitable slide brackets, or levers in order that it can be
lowered or tilted, and thus cause the liquid to flow away from the rolls as may be
desired, suitable stops or wedges being provided so that it can be readily fixed in
either position.
"
The arrangement shown in the drawings and illustrated by Figures 12 and 3
consist of adjustable brackets 20 which are provided with inclined slots 27 in
which the trunions 28 of the doctor" slide. Brackets 29 carry a cross-shaft 30
on which are keyed cranks 31. These cranks may be actuated by a lever 32,
disc 33, adjustable coupling rods 34, and cranks 41. In Figure 1 the "doctor
is shown in its working position, that is to say the free ends of the cranks 31 are
pressing hard against the rollers 35 thus keeping the trunions pressed against
the tops of the inclined slots 27. The necessary pressure is obtained by means
of the weights 36. When it is desired to stop the flow of liquid on to the roll
the lever 32 is lifted until the paul 37 engages with the notch 38 in the disc, this
operation causing the free ends of the cranks 31 to descend, and the
"doctor"
to be lowered, drawn and tilted back because of the trunions being guided by
the inclined slots 27. The liquid which still continues to flow into the channel 11
will now only escape through the overflow 12.
The doctors" and their appurtenances may be constructed in such a manner
that they can be lowered automatically and the supply of liquid stopped should
the web break. This can be done by having a roller 42 resting on the upper
face of the web as it enters the calender or other machine. Such roller may be
so mounted on levers that the web, when broken, allows it to drop, thus releasing
the paul 37 or the disc 33. The connecting mechanism consists of a crank 43,
coupling rod 44, bell crank 45, and coupling rod 46. 47 is a lever which comes
against a stop 48 thus preventing the roll from coming too far down. In this

page_text: modification each connecting rod 34 is coupled on the opposite side of the disc 33
to that shown in Figure 1, the weights 36 then acting so as
to cause the
doctors" to fall down when the disc is released, thus stopping the flow of liquid
to the rolls. The liquid or solutions may be hot or cold, or a steam pipe may be
laid in the outer channel to heat the liquid for any-desired effect.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said in-
vention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is:-
(1) In apparatus for damping, coating or colouring paper and the like, the
employment of an adjustable overflow, situated in the external channel of the
doctor," substantially as described and for the purpose set forth.
"
"
(2) In apparatus for damping, coating or colouring paper and the like, the
combination of adjustable ends with jets of air or other fluid and a doctor ag
described and for the purposes set forth.
(3) In apparatus for damping, coating or colouring paper and the like, the
combination of a "doctor" with adjustable brackets having inclined slots, cranks,
cross-shaft, adjustable connecting rods, discs, pauls, levers and weights, sub-
stantially as described and for the purposes set forth.
(4) In apparatus for damping, coating or colouring paper, and the like, the
combination of a "doctor" with a supplementary roll placed apart from the
calender, or other machine, as described.
(5) In apparatus for damping, coating or colouring paper, and the like, the
mode of applying one or any number of liquids, solution or colours to one or
both sides of the web at the one operation by means of "doctors" and their
appurtenances, substantially as described.
(6) In apparatus for damping, coating or colouring paper, and the like, the
mode of confining, separating, or blending, as may be desired, the contiguous
liquids, solutions, or colours so that any desired effect may be produced, by means
of suitable "doctors" and their appurtenances, substantially as described.
(7) In apparatus for damping, coating or colouring paper, and the like, the
combination of adjustable ends, or divisions with nozzles for supplying air, or
other fluid, in order to confine, separate or blend the liquid, solutions or colours,
substantially as described.
(8) In apparatus for damping, coating or colouring paper, and the like, the use
of air or other fluid for the purpose of confining. separating, or blending, as may
be desired, the contiguous liquids, solutions or colours so that any desired
effect may be produced, as described.
(9) In apparatus for damping, coating or colouring paper, and the like, the
combination of apparatus for automatically causing the liquid to flow away from
the rolls, as described.
"
(10) In apparatus for damping, coating or colouring paper and the like, the
use of apparatus for arresting the flow of liquid from the doctors to the rolls,
automatically, should the web break, or otherwise as described.
(11) In apparatus for damping, coating or colouring paper and the like,
the construction, arrangement, and combination of parts, substantially as
described and illustrated by the accompanying drawings.
Dated this 14th dev of Vorah 1800
GEO. C. DOUGLAS & Co.,
41. Reform Street, Dundee, Agents for Applicant.