IMPROVE- MENTS IN HEATING AND VENTILATING BUILDINGS, AND IN APPARATUS CON
Year: 1859

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Richard Barter, of St. Ann's Hill, Blarney, in the
County of Cork Doctor of Medicine for the Invention of "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN HEATING AND VENTILATING BUILDINGS, AND IN APPARATUS CON-
"
MENTS IN HEATING AND VENTILATING BUILDINGS, AND IN APPARATUS CON-
Sealed the 19th July 1859, and dated the 22nd January 1859.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Richard Barter at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
22nd January 1859.
I, RICHARD BARTER, of St. Ann's Hill, Blarney, in the County of Cork,
Doctor of Medicine, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN HEATING AND VENTILATING BUILDINGS, AND IN APPARATUS
CONNECTED THEREWITH," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates generally to the heating of public or private
buildings, and more particularly to the heating of the improved Turkish or
Roman bath, as designed and constructed by me at my establishment, at
St. Ann's Hill, Blarney, Cork, whereby purity of air and great economy of
fuel are obtained.
According to my Invention, I propose to admit the air to the heating
furnace by a number of small apertures made underneath the fire-bars on
each side of the ash-pit, the air being brought by flues or passages from near
the ceilings of the hot rooms, and its place therein supplied by fresh air
admitted near the floors. By this means a perfect ventilation is ensured, and
any required temperature obtained whilst hot air is supplied to the furnace
and flues. I propose to construct the heating flues in the following manner:-
The floors of the rooms to be heated are covered to the depth of a few inches
with charcoal, over which are laid slates forming the base of a number of air

page_text: chambers, which are constructed immediately beneath the bottom of the flue
leading from the furnace. These flues traverse and retraverse the whole of
the floors horizontally several times before entering the perpendicular shaft or
chimney, which, in common with the various flues leading from the ceilings of
the rooms to the furnace, is fitted with suitable damping apparatus for
regulating the draught and temperature. The walls and ceilings of the
apartments are so constructed as to be non-conductors of heat by interposing
layers of peat or other non-conducting material, or by forming air spaces or
chambers therein. The furnace which heats the air for warming the apart-
ments may also, in the case of bathing establishments, be employed for
keeping up a supply of hot water by having a suitable boiler fitted above it.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Richard Barter in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
22nd July 1859.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, RICHARD
BARTER, of St. Ann's Hill, Blarney, in the County of Cork, Doctor of
Medicine, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-second day of January, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-nine, in the twenty-second year
of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto
me, the said Richard Barter, Her special license that I, the said Richard
Barter, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the
said Richard Barter, my executors, administrators, or assigns, should
at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times
thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN HEATING AND VENTILATING BUILDINGS, AND IN APPARATUS
CONNECTED THEREWITH," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said
Richard Barter, by an instrument in writing under my hand and seal, should
particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in
what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be
filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Richard Barter, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be

page_text: performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement, reference being had. to the accompanying Drawings, and to the
letters and figures marked thereon, that is to say:
My said Invention relates generally. to the heating. of public or private
buildings, and more particularly to the heating of the improved Turkish or
Roman bath, as designed and constructed by me at my establishment, at
St. Ann's Hill, Blarney, Cork, whereby purity of air and great economy of
fuel are obtained.
are
According to my Invention, I propose to admit the air to the heating
furnace by a number of small apertures made underneath the fire-bars on each
side of the ash-pit, the air being brought by flues or passages from near the
ceilings of the hot rooms, and its place therein supplied by fresh air admitted
near the floors. By this means a perfect ventilation is ensured, and any
required temperature obtained, whilst hot air is supplied to the furnace and
flues. I propose to construct the heating flues in the following manner :-
The floors of the rooms to be heated are covered to the depth of a few inches
with charcoal, over which are laid slates, forming the base of a number of air
chambers, which constructed immediately beneath the bottom of the flue
leading from the furnace. These flues traverse and retraverse the whole of
the floors horizontally several times before entering the perpendicular shaft or
chimney, which, in common with the various flues leading from the ceilings of
the rooms to the furnace, is fitted with suitable damping apparatus for.
regulating the draught and temperature. The walls and ceilings of the apart-
ments are so constructed as to be non-conductors of heat by interposing
layers of peat or other non-conducting material, or by forming air spaces or
chambers therein.. The furnace which heats the air for warming the apart-
ments may also, in the case of bathing establishments, be employed for
keeping up a supply of hot water by having a suitable boiler fitted above it.
And in order that my said Invention may be fully understood, I shall now
proceed more particularly to describe the same, and for that purpose. I shall
refer to the Figure on the Sheet of Drawings hereunto annexed.
This Figure represents a vertical section of a part of the floor and one walt
of an apartment constructed and heated according to my Invention. A is the
heating, furnace, and B. the ash-pit, both of which are respectively closed by
the perforated doors C and D. The ash-pit door. D is made to fit airtight, or
nearly so, and the sides of the ash-pit are chambered: or recessed out beneath
the fire-bars, such chambers being provided with metal plates E, having a
number of small holes perforated therein, which perforations lead from the:
termination of a flue F constructed within the four walls. of the apartment

page_text: near the ceiling, and communicating with the hot rooms by small bell-shaped
openings or mouths, one of which is shewn at G. The communication
between the flue F and the chambers in the sides of the ash-pit is effected by
two perpendicular flues or passages, one of which is shewn at H. A damper
or regulator I, of any convenient construction, is fitted within each of the
descending flues or passages H, for the purpose of regulating the supply of air
to the furnace; by this arrangement all the foul air of the apartment is drawn
through the perforated plates E, and into the fire when the room is in use,
but when not in use, the damper' is closed entirely, when the furnace will be
supplied with air through perforations in the ash-pit door D. For the purpose
of regulating this latter supply, the ash-pit door is provided with a perforated
slidė, shewn in dotted lines on the door, by sliding which more or less the
perforations in the door may be entirely or partially closed. A perforated
door J is also fitted at the back end of the ash-pit, opening into a passage K,
which leads directly into the main heating flue L, immediately behind the
bridge M. This passage and perforated door J serve to admit air behind the
bridge for the purpose of burning the inflammable gases, whilst they afford
facility also for removing any cinders or ashes which may be carried over the
bridge.
The furnace door C is also perforated for the purpose of admitting air on to
the surface of the fuel, so as effectually to burn the gases. This supply of air
. is regulated by a perforated slide or damper plate, shewn in dotted lines in the
Drawing, or by any other convenient air supply regulator, so as to suit the
varied requirements of the fuel employed. The floor of the room or apart
ment is traversed by a number of heating flues L, which are insulated from
the walls by suitable air chambers to prevent loss of heat by radiation. For
the same purpose these flues L are built over air chambers N, which are
themselves constructed on a bed or foundation of charcoal or other good non-
conductor of heat. The flues L are covered with fire tiles O, O, over which
may be laid in cement an ornamental floor of mosaic tiling of any suitable
design or shape. The heating flue L having traversed the floor of the
apartment, enters a chimney erected at a suitable and convenient distance
from the building, a damper being placed in the flue at the junction with the
chimney. The interior of the walls and ceiling of the apartment is made of
lath and cement or plaister, as at P, immediately behind which is formed an
air space Q, behind which again is a lining of peat or brick R, and, lastly, the
main brickwork S of the wall itself: When intended for a bath room, the
apartment is lighted from above by double glass, with an air space between
the glasses, and fresh air is admitted under the marble seats and couches, and

page_text: allowed to escape into the room through perforated tiles, and a circuitous
heated passage beneath the heated tiles. This supply of fresh air is also
controlled by dampers, which are shut down when the room is not in use.
Moore's patent ventilators are also fitted high up in the walls, whereby a nice
regulation of temperature is readily effected. The doors are padded with
wool or other non-conductor, and covered with cloth, so that a high and
regular temperature may be maintained with a thorough absence of dis-
agreeable draughts. In bathing establishments where hot water is constantly
required, I propose to place a boiler T over the furnace, and to connect the
same by circulating pipes V, V, with all requisite parts of the establishment.
Although I have described my improvements as being more particularly
applicable to baths, it will be obvious to the practical man that many of the
constructions and arrangements of heating apparatus and means of ventilating
are applicable to the warming and ventilating of other buildings.
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of my said
Invention, and the manner in which the same is or may be used or carried
into effect, I would observe, in conclusion, that what I consider to be novel
and original, and therefore claim as the Invention secured to me by the
herein-before in part recited Letters Patent, is,
First, the general construction, arrangement, and combination of appliances
for warming and ventilating apartments and buildings, as herein-before
described.
Second, the system or mode of warming and ventilating apartments and
buildings wherein the heated and foul air of the apartment is caused to support
the combustion of the fire, as herein-before described.
Third, the application and use of charcoal laid upon the ground beneath the
floors of apartments heated by flues from below, for the purpose of preventing
loss of heat; and also the application and use for the same purpose of a
lining of peat in the walls, as herein-before described.
Fourth, the admission of fresh air to the apartment through heated channels
and perforations in the floor, as herein-before described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Richard Barter, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Eighteenth day of July, One thousand eight
hundred and fifty-nine.
RICHARD BARTER. (L.S.)