IMPROVEMENTS IN TREATING CAST-IRON
Year: 1856

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Cyprien Marie Tessié du Motay, of No. 24, Rue
Fontaine, St. George, Paris, Chemist, and Jean Jacques Fontaine, of
No. 19, Rue Paradis, Poissonnière, Paris, Merchant, for the Invention of
TENDARZE THAN IRow"
Scaled the 6th May 1856, and dated the 1st March 1856.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Cyprien Marie Tessié du
Motay and Jean Jacques Fontaine at the Office of the Commissioners
of Patents, with their Petition, on the 1st March 1856.
We, CYPRIEN MARIE TESSIE DU MOTAY, of No. 24, Rue Fontaine, St. George,
Paris, Chemist, and JEAN JACQUES FONTAINE, of No. 19, Rue Paradis, Poisson-
niere, Paris, Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN TREATING CAST-IRON," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to purify and decarbonize cast-iron simul-
taneously, either in puddling or finery furnaces, so as to convert it into wrought-
iron, having the properties of steel.
We attain this end by the use of artificial fluxes or chemical agents, reacting
either together or separately on the cast-iron during its reduction to the state
of wrought-iron, without in any other way changing the ordinary puddling and
refining processes.
Our artificial fluxes may be prepared in either of the following modes:-
First mode. We melt the scoria commonly employed in puddling and

page_text: finery furnaces with silicate of alumina, obtained either from clays, feldspaths,
refractory earths, or from marles, or any other silicates of alumina combined
with silicates of the alkalies, alkaline earths, or metallic oxides. We add to
this flux, before or during its fusion, Ist, a bicarbonate of potass or soda; 2nd,
a silicate of the protoxide of iron or any other anhydrous silicate.
Second mode. We melt the scoria commonly employed in puddling and
finery furnaces with a silicate of alumina obtained either from clay, felds-
paths, refractory earths, or from marles, or any other silicates of alumina,
combined with silicates of the alkalies, alkaline earths, or metallic oxides. We
refine or puddle cast-iron in this flux. During this refining or puddling the
oxides of iron produced unite with the flux, to which we add a silicate of
protoxide of iron, or any other anhydrous silicate. Our artificial fluxes being
constituted according to one of the two modes above described, we run them
out and allow them to cool. We then line the puddling furnaces or refinery
crucibles with the silicates and oxides of iron, commonly employed for refining
and puddling cast-iron.
With these silicates and oxides we melt either our first or second artificial
flux. The cast-iron is refined or puddled in this flux. When the cast-iron is
in part decarbonized, we throw into the refining crucible or into the puddling
furnace either a hypochlorite of potass, of soda, of lime, of magnesia, or of
strontia or baryta, or a bicarbonate of potass or soda.
The basic carbonate of magnesia can also be employed. We can replace the
salts above mentioned with double salts, or by the following mixtures of salts
and oxides, carbonates of iron and potass, carbonates of iron and soda,
carbonates of iron and lime, carbonates of iron and magnesia, carbonates
of manganese and potass, carbonates of manganese and soda, carbonates of
manganese, and lime, carbonates of manganese and magnesia, carbonates
of potass and chloride of potassium, carbonates of soda and chloride of sodium,
carbonates of lime and chloride of calcium, carbonates of magnesia and chloride
of magnesium, carbonates of potass and chloride of sodium, carbonates of
potass and chloride of calcium, carbonates of potass and chloride of magnesium,
carbonates of soda and chloride of potassium, carbonates of soda and chloride
of calcium, carbonates of soda and chloride of magnesium, carbonates of lime
and chloride of potassium, carbonates of lime and chloride of sodium, carbonates
of line and chloride of magnesium, carbonates of magnesia and chloride of
potassium, carbonates of magnesia and chloride of sodium, carbonates of
magnesia and chloride of calcium; (we mean by carbonates- carbonates, sesqui-
carbonates and bicarbonates of the above-mentioned alkalis), oxides of man-
ganese, chloride of sodium, oxides of manganese, chloride of potassium, oxides

page_text: of manganese, chloride of calcium, oxides of manganese, chloride of strontium,
oxides of manganese and chloride of barium. The oxides of iron or chromium
can be substituted for the oxides of manganese.
In the following operations, whether we employ or do not employ the
chemical agents above mentioned, we continue to add to our flux, first, a small
quantity of our first or second artificial flux; second, iron scales proceeding
from the hammering and rolling of the blooms produced by our process.
According to the quality of the cast-iron to be reduced, we add a greater or
less quantity of one or other of the artificial fluxes above mentioned, or of the
salts and oxides above mentioned. In general the quantity employed by us does
not exceed five per cent. of the weight of the crude cast-iron that we are treat-
ing. The bypochlorites, the bicarbonates, and the other salts and oxides above
mentioned can be employed for the purification of cast-iron, without employing
the two artificial. fluxes before mentioned, especially if a certain quantity of
silicate of protoxide of iron, or of any other anhydrous silicate is added to the
scoria commonly employed for refining or puddling cast-iron.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Cyprien Marie Tessié du Motay and Jean Jacques Fontaine
in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 30th August 1856.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, CYPRIEN
MARIE TESSIE DU MOTAY, of No. 24, Rue Fontaine, St. George, Paris,
Chemist, and JEAN JACQUES FONTAINE, of No. 19, Rue Paradis, Poissonnière,
Paris, Merchant, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the First day of March, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-six, in the nineteenth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto us,
the said Cyprien Marie Tessié du Motay and Jean Jacques Fontaine, Fer
special licence that we, the said Cyprien Marie Tessié du Motay and Jean
Jacques Fontaine, our executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others
as we, the said Cyprien Marie Tessié du Motay and Jean Jacques Fontaine,
our executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with,
and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the
term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN TREATING CAST-

page_text: IRON," upon the condition (amongst others) that we, the said Cyprien Marie
Tessié du Motay and Jean Jacques Fontaine, our executors or administrators,
by an instrument in writing under our or their hands and seals, or under
the hand and seal of one of us or them, should particularly describe and
ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent
Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the
said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said Cyprien Marie Tessié du Motay and
Jean Jacques Fontaine, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention,
and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described
and ascertained in and by the following statement thereof, that is to say :-
The object of this Invention is to purify and decarbonize cast-iron simul-
taneously either in puddling or finery furnaces, so as to convert it into wrought-
iron having the properties of steel. We attain this end by the use of artificial |
fluxes or chemical agents, reacting either together or separately on the cast
iron during its reduction to the state of wrought-iron, without in any other way
changing the ordinary puddling and refinery processes.
Our artificial fluxes may be prepared in either of the following modes:-
First mode. We melt the scoria commonly employed in puddling and
finery furnaces with silicate of alumina, obtained either from clays, feldspaths,
refractory earths, or from marles, or any other silicates of alumina, combined
with silicates of the alkalies, alkaline earths, or metallic oxides. We add to
this flux before or during its fusion, first, a bicarbonate of potass or soda;
second, a silicate of the protoxide of iron or any other anhydrous silicate.
Second mode. We melt the scoria commonly employed in puddling and
finery furnaces with a silicate of alumina, obtained either from clay, feldspaths,
refractory earths, or from marles, or any other silicates of alumina, combined
with silicates of the alkalies, alkaline earths, or metallic oxides. We refine or
puddle cast-iron in this flux. During this refining or puddling, the oxides of
iron produced unite with this flux, to which we add a silicate of protoxide
of iron, or any other anhydrous silicate. Our artificial fluxes being constituted
according to one of the two modes above described, we run them out and allow
.them to cool. We then line the puddling furnaces or refinery crucibles with
the silicates and oxides of iron commonly employed for refining and puddling
cast-iron.
With these silicates and oxides we melt either our first or second artificial
flux. The cast-iron is refined or puddled in this flux. When the cast-iron is
in part decarbonized, we throw into the refining crucible or into the puddling

page_text: furnace, either a hypochlorite of potass, of soda, of lime, of magnesia, or of
strontia, or baryta, or a bicarbonate of potass or soda.
The basic carbonate of magnesia can also be employed. We can replace
the salts above mentioned with double salts, or by the following mixtures of
salts and oxides, carbonates of iron and potass, carbonates of iron and soda,
carbonates of iron and lime, carbonates of iron and magnesia, carbonates of
manganese and potass, carbonates of manganese and soda, carbonates of man-
ganese and lime, carbonates of manganese and magnesia, carbonates of potass
and chloride of potassium, carbonates of soda and chloride of sodium, carbo-
nates of lime and chloride of calcium, carbonates of magnesia and chloride of
magnesium, carbonates of potass and chloride of sodium, carbonates of potass
and chloride of calcium, carbonates of potass and chloride of magnesium,
carbonates of soda and chloride of potassiuni, carbonates of soda and chloride
of calcium, carbonates of soda and chloride of magnesium, carbonates of lime
and chloride of potassium, carbonates of lime and chloride of sodium, car-
bonates of lime and chloride of magnesium, carbonates of magnesia and
chloride of potassium, carbonates of magnesia and chloride of sodium, carbonates
of magnesia and chloride of calcium; (we mean by carbonates-carbonates,
sesquicarbonates, and bicarbonates of the above-named alkalies ;) oxides of
manganese, chloride of sodium, oxides of manganese, chloride of potassium,
oxides of manganese, chloride of calcium, oxides of manganese, chloride of
strontium, oxides of manganese and chloride of barium. The oxides of iron
or chromium can be substituted for the oxides of manganese.
In the following operations, whether we employ or do not employ the
chemical agents above mentioned, we continue to add to our flux, first, a small
quantity of our first or second artificial flux; second, iron scales proceeding
from the hammering and rolling of the blooms produced by our process.
According to the quality of the cast-iron to be reduced, we add a greater or
less quantity of one or other of the artificial fluxes above mentioned, or of the
salts and oxides above mentioned. In general the quantity employed by us
does not exceed five per cent. of the weight of the crude cast-iron that we are
treating. The hypochlorites, the bicarbonates, and the other salts and oxides
above mentioned can be employed for the purification of cast-iron, without
employing the two artificial fluxes before mentioned, especially if a certain
quantity of silicate of protoxide of iron, or of any other anhydrous silicate is
added to the scoria commonly employed for refining or puddling cast-iron.
Having thus stated the nature of the Invention, we will now describe the
mode of carrying it into operation.
We begin by heating either the puddling furnaces or the refining furnaces

page_text: to an orange heat, which temperature is necessary for the complete fusion of
the metal which we purpose reducing to the state of iron.
When the ore (or metal) is in a state of perfect liquefaction, the temperature
of the puddling furnaces is lowered by closing the valve of the chimney, and
when using refinery furnaces the lowering of the beat is by diminishing the
rush of air through the tubes or tuyeres.
In proportion as the ore is decarburated and granulated, we throw into it
either one of the simple salts or one of the compound salts, or again, one of the
mixtures of salts and oxides above described. When the metal, more and
more refined and decarburated from its contact with the oxides and chemical
agents above named, assumes the nature of iron at the surface of the bath, we
again raise the temperature of the puddling furnaces or refining. furnaces
to, a welding heat, in order to permit the puddling or refining workmen to
form the balls.
Here we terminate the series of operations peculiar to the working of these
processes, the subsequent operations of furnacing and shingling of the balls
being the same as those heretofore practised.
In witness whereof, we, the said Cyprien Marie Tessié du Motay and
Jean Jacques Fontaine, have hereunto set our hands and seals, this
Twenty-first day of August, in the year of our Lord. One thousand
eight hundred and fifty-six.
CYPRIEN MARIE TESSIE DU MOTAY. (L.S.)
FONTAINE. (L.S.)
Witnesses,
J. BASSET,
2, Rue Drouot, Paris.
VOR BERTRAND,
6, Rue Napoléon, Montmartre.