IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PAINTS OR PIGMENTS
Year: 1862

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Henry Johnson, of 47, Lincoln's Inn Fields,
in the County of Middlesex, and of 166, Buchanan Street, in the City
of Glasgow, North Britain, Gentleman, for the Invention of "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PAINTS OR PIGMENTS."-A communication
from abroad by Charles François Leopold Oudry, of Paris, in the Empire
of France Electro-metallurgical Engineer.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Henry Johnson at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
9th October 1862.
1, JOHN HENRY JOHNSON, of 47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the County of
Middlesex, and of 166, Buchanan Street, in the City of Glasgow, North
Britain, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PAINTS OR PIGMENTS," a communication
from abroad by Charles François Leopold Oudry, of Paris, in the Empire
of France, Electro-metallurgical Engineer, to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to the production of certain improved paints or pigments
suitable for the covering or coating of surfaces of all kinds, and consists, firstly,
in the application and use as a metallic base of finely powdered galvanic
copper or of copper which has been in a state of fusion, in lieu of the metallic
oxides or carbonates hitherto employed as bases for pigments.
Secondly, in the employment as a base for pigments of benzole mixed with

page_text: resinous, gummy, or bituminous matters, before being incorporated with the
drying oils and with the usual metallic oxides, carbonates, or sulphides, such
paint possessing all the varieties of shade and colour before admixture with
the said oxides, carbonates, or sulphides.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said John Henry Johnson in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 9th April 1863:
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOIN
HENRY JOHNSON, of 47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the County of Middlesex,
and of 166, Buchanan Street, in the City of Glasgow, North Britain,
Gentleman, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Ninth day of October, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-two, in the twenty-sixth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said John Henry Johnson, Her special license that I, the said John Henry
Johnson, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said
John Henry Johnson, my executors, administrators, or assigns, should at any
time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland,
the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE MANUFACTURE OF PAINTS OR PIGMENTS," a communication from abroad by
Charles François Leopold Oudry, of Paris, in the Empire of France, Electro-
metallurgical Engineer, upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said
John Henry Johnson, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in
writing under my hand and seal, or under the hand and seal of one of them,
should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and
in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be
filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said John Henry Johnson, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement, that is to say:-
The said Invention relates to the production of certain improved paints or

page_text: pigments suitable for the covering or coating of surfaces of all kinds, and
consists, firstly, in the application and use as a metallic base of finely powdered
galvanic copper, or of copper which has been in a state of fusion, in lieu of
the metallic oxides or carbonates hitherto employed as bases for pigments.
Secondly, in the employment as a base for pigments of benzole mixed with
resinous, gummy, or bituminous matters before being incorporated with the
drying oils, and with the usual metallic oxides, carbonates, or sulphides, such
paint possessing all the varieties of shade and color before admixture with the
said oxides, carbonates, or sulphides.
In carrying out the first part of this Invention for the obtainment of a
paint having a base of powdered galvanic copper, or of copper that has
been in a state of fusion, the following ingredients and proportions are
emploved

page_text: bronzed afterwards the chemical bronzing is applied cold in a liquid state
with a brush. When dry it must be rubbed with a hard brush slightly waxed,
and a bronze tone is obtained either "vert antique" or "florentine" which
is soft to the eye and effectually resists ätmospheric influences.
Although this new paint having a copper base may not be so durable nor
look so well as the galvanized copper deposits obtained by means of the
electric battery upon cast or wrought iron, zinc, or other substances, it is
nevertheless much cheaper and very superior as à preservative to all ordinary
paints and to the different varnishes covered with bronze powder which have
so little durability.
In the preparation of a paint having benzole for a base, the following
ingredients in the proportions given are to be mixed together :-
Essential oil
Resinous matter
Gummy matter
Thin copper foil or leaf copper
Fatty drying oil
-
Asphaltic or bituminous matter
-
28 parts by weight.
22
"
-
4
"
2
"
-
40
"
4
"
The resinous; gummy, and bituminous substances are first dissolved in the
benzole or in any other essential or volatile oil (except essence of turpentine)
after which the fatty drying oil is added, care being taken at the same time
to stir well the mixture. When these various ingredients have been perfectly
mixed, the desired tint or color is to be introduced, after which the whole is
to be again well agitated or stirred and preserved in a liquid state in closed
vessels, or the color need only be added at the time the paint is used. In
using this paint pour into a pot a certain quantity of the paint in a very
liquid state, add the required quantity of white lead, litherage, red lead,
cinnabar or zinc white, or any other suitable metallic oxide, carbonate, or
sulphide, either ground in oil or pulverized, mix the whole with care, and
the paint is ready to be applied in the same manner as ordinary paint, but
without requiring the addition either of oil or essence of turpentine. In
summer each coat will dry thoroughly in two or three hours so that three
coats may be laid on during the day, but in winter it is preferable to lay on
only one coat per day.
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of the said
Invention, and the manner in which the same is or may be used or carried
into effect, I would 'observe in conclusion, that what I consider to be novel and
original, and therefore claim as the Invention secured to me by the herein-
before in part recited Letters Patent is,―

page_text: 1st, the manufacture of paints or pigments having a base of powdered
galvanic copper or of powdered copper which has been in a state of fusion.
2nd, the manufacture of paints or pigments having a base of benzole mixed
with resinous, gummy, asphaltic, or bituminous matters before being incorporated
with the oils and metallic oxides, carbonates or sulphides, such paint possessing
all the varieties of tone and color before its admixture with the before-
mentioned metallic oxides, carbonates, or sulphides.
3rd, the application of the paints or pigments herein-before described to all
surfaces heretofore covered or coated with paint.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Henry Johnson, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Eighth day of April, One thousand
eight hundred and sixty-three.
J. HENRY JOHNSON. (L.S.)