Year: 1886

page_text: Date of Application, 30th Oct, 1886
Complete Left, 28th July, 1887
Complete Accepted, 30th Aug., 1887.
I, ANDREW URQUHART of 3 Duddingston Park, Portobello, in the County of
Midlothian, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of my invention to be as
follows:-
My said invention comprises certain improvements in the mode of constructing and
in the general arrangement and combination of the parts of portable machines or
strong box apparatus for baling cotton and other raw materials and manufactured
articles; that is, machines into which the materials may be packed and then traversed
into the stationary hydraulic or other press, so as to have the packed materials very
highly compressed in them, and then removed from the press to have the hoops or
bands firmly secured round the compressed bale; the bale is then removed from the
machine, which is again closed and packed ready for removal to the press, all while
another baling machine is having the bale compressed in it and had been removed to
the opposite side of the press to allow of the newly filled machine being placed in the
press to have the bale compressed in it, all sequentially and alternately as herein just
explained. These improvements comprise many other constructive details, all which
so facilitate the said baling operations as to save much time and labour, besides
enabling nearly twice the work or number of bales to be turned out from one press
per day, as compared with the baling machines heretofore constructed and used.
The nature and novelty of the invention consist all as follows:-According to one
construction of this portable baling machine or apparatus embodying the improve-
ments of my invention as applied to an ordinary construction of vertical hydraulic
press, the whole is carried and secured on a lower open U frame, of about six inches
deep or so, preferably made solid or out of one strong malleable iron or steel bar
about 1 inches thick on edge, (although it might be rivetted or bolted together at the
Price &

page_text: two angles,) and has four strong knee brackets bolted or riveted by their vertical arms
to the outside near the ends of the side limbs of this main frame. Strong studs are
secured to the lower ends of said brackets to project out and form the fixed turned
axles of four grooved or other wheels mounted on them to run and carry the whole
packing box and fittings on a line of two rails carried on suitable frames secured to
the top of the ram cylinder and side stay bar pillars of the hydraulic press, and to
suitable supports from the floor away to either side of the press, one rail on each side
passing between the cylinder and stays, all at a proper height for the top of the said
carriage frame to pass by its open end over the piston and its compressing head block
or frame, which is just a very little less in size than the horizontal dimensions of the
inside of the U frame and of the strong packing and compressing vertical rectangular
baling box carried on its upper side, all as hereinafter described. For illustration or
explanation I may here take a baling box suitable for forming a bale 3 feet 6 inches
long by 2 feet wide, to be compressed say from 6 feet 4 inches to 2 feet 6 inches, or as much
smaller as the material can conveniently be compressed in height. In this case the inside
width of the compressing box would be 2 feet and its length 3 feet 6 inches and its
height about 6 feet, leaving 2 inches or so for a false bottom and its resting ledge at
the bottom of the box over the pressing block or follower on the top of the pressing
ram of the press, and which would all be ranged the corresponding narrow and
longitudinal way on their carriage, which would thus traverse across the narrow way
of the press between the wide set way of the pressure sustaining bar pillars, securing
and carrying the strong top frame of the press which would be planed flat on its
under side close over the top of the pressing box when this was traversed under it
and over the pressing ram on to its carriage frame and rails as before explained. The
top inside edges of the carriage frame would project up half-an-inch or so to carry
the said moving false bottom and also form the stops for the two hinged sides and
opening end of the box when closed to the exact inside horizontal size of the bales to
be formed. On the top of the horizontal arms of the two brackets on each side frame
carrying the axles and wheels, flat plates are secured the whole length of the carriage
frame five or six inches wide, and level with the upper edge of the frame below the
said inner stop edges, and also below snugs projecting up from the upper outer ends
of the said brackets carrying these plates, and forming stops and rests to the hinged
sides of the box when opened to the width of the said plate to release the compressed
bale and remove it through the front end of the box which opens quite out on hinges
on one of its sides at the open end of the under supporting frame as will hereinafter
be explained. The whole four sides of this strong box in which the bales are so
compressed, are each formed of a solid malleable iron or steel plate about half-an-inch
thick, the side plates being the exact width of the inside of the box, namely
3 feet 6 inches, and the end plates an inch wider, namely 2 feet 1 inch to cover in the
thickness of the side plates. All these plates would be of the same height and level
on the top, and the two side plates and the opening front end plates would be of the
same length and level below resting on the upper surface of the said horizontal side
plates secured on outer lateral side brackets of the carriage. But the back end plate
would be 5 or 6 inches deeper at its lower end where it would be checked at its lower
side edges to enter the inside of the close end of the U supporting frame to which it
would he strongly screwed by two rows of countersunk bolts passed in from the inside
with the nuts on the outside. This fixed vertical end plate thus forms the securing
vertical stay frame (together with the carrying and side plates below) for steadying
the other three moving side plates of the box hinged and attached to it, as will now
be explained. On the outside of the said fixed end plate of the box (or it may be
more or less according to its height) strong broad transverse iron or steel bars are
secured at nearly equal distances apart to strengthen the plate and sustain the internal
pressure exerted within the press. These bars are made to project at both ends and
are formed as strong horizontal opening hinge joints, with large vertical joint holes
for the insertion of long vertical spindles passing through them, so as to be coupled
by similar hinge joints formed on the projecting end of like strong bars secured across
the outside of the two side plates. The cross har in the one side plate is preferably

page_text: so divided as to form a double hinge joint, one above and one below the joint on the
bars of the fixed end plate, and also to form double joints at the other ends of
the single bars secured across the front opening hinged door and plate preferably at the
right hand side of this door plate of the box. The other or left hand end of the bars
on this opening and closing end plate would each be formed with short vertically
jointed locking or securing lever ends projecting considerably beyond the closing and
opening edge of this end plate. All these short locking levers would be coupled by
lateral joint stud pins in their outer ends to a vertically reciprocating connecting rod,
actuated by a hand lever fulcrummed to a stud on the outside of the door plate in the
vertical line of the joints of the locking lever; and as the short arm of the hand lever
is jointed to the connecting rod, the oscillating of the long hand arm of this lever
down or up moves all the locking end levers of the bars up or down respectively and
parallelly at the same time. Locking notches are formed deep enough in the upper
edges of these short hinged levers at a sufficient distance from the closing edges of the
plate to take on to strong projecting ends formed for the purpose on the bars of the
left hand side plate with strong projecting heads beyond the catch levers, all so that
when these are raised by the hand lever their notches securely hold the side plate close
by the ends of its bars, while the strong projecting end heads on these secure the end
door plate equally close by catching on the outside of the locking hinged levers all
quite secure against the pressure exerted within the box while compressing the bales.
To prevent all chance of the repeated motion of the locking levers tending to make
them slip out by pressure, a hard wood or short metal wedge securing key is placed
or driven in over the end of one of the bars of the side plate under the short locking
bar above it, which in securing this secures all the other locking bars through their
connecting rod; and this key can easily be pinched out by the end of a steel crowbar
or by a hammer and thus instantly free all the catch levers when the required total
pressure is obtained, so that their hand lever can unlock them down, when the pressure
of the bale will open the side plates; the end door plate can then be quite opened up
and the bale drawn, tilted, or lifted out by a convenient hoist or tackle at each side of
the press for the purpose, and the box be closed up again and filled under the
elevating and filling arrangements close at hand where this portable arrangement of
baling box or machine can easily be removed, on its rails and wheels, and when packed
to the top be again traversed into the press over its forcing ram and top moving plate
and under the upper pressure sustaining plate or frame of the press secured to the
top of the side pillars. The false bottom plate would be formed, (preferably of a
hollow steel plate for lightness and strength,) flat on the underside to rest on the top
block of the ram of the press, and also plain on the top to press and form the lower
side of the bale; but on the top side this false bottom plate would be formed with
four or other number of recesses across its width, and one or more longitudinally
across the others for the insertion of the thin iron or steel binding bands inserted
into the baling box after filling in the material, notches being cut out of the upper
edges of the plate sides of the box at the parts in parallel line with the grooves in the
false bottom plate where the free ends of the binding hoops or bands can be drawn
out and up to one side, and secured in any of the usual ways by rivets or securing
ends or catches after the baling box has been removed from the press. The said outer
cross strengthening and hinge bars may be made either of malleable iron or steel of
any desired section, such as flat bar Tor angle, or with the central parts deeper to
resist the bending tendency of the long side plates; and they would all be preferably
secured to their side plates by countersunk bolts passed from the inside with the nuts
outside to have the inside of the plates forming the bales all smooth and plain,
although these bars might be riveted to their plates when preferred; in any case the
bars would preferably be stronger or made more numerous towards the top of the box
where the strain becomes greatest in compressing the bale up towards that end in the
case of a vertical press.
Although in describing the improvements of this Invention, which consist in the
general arrangement and combination of the parts of baling apparatus, I have given
dimensions for one size of baling box, it is to be understood that these portable baling

page_text: machines or boxes may be made of any desired size and strength to suit the size of
bales and kind of material to be packed, and pressure to be given to the bale, and that
when packing sheets have to be put round the bale, these will be inserted within the
box before packing and compressing the material, all substantially as in other pressing
and baling machines.
In some cases when desired, these baling boxes may have their sides and ends fitted
with strong wood planks and secured by bands or plates and countersunk headed bolts
at suitable intervals, to secure the wood by nuts outside, for giving additional strength
and durability to the whole.
.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Baling Boxes or Machines for Hydraulic or
other Presses.
I, ANDREW URQUHART, of 3 Duddingston Park, Portobello, in the County of
Midlothian, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of my invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement in writing, reference being had to the accompanying
Two Sheets of Drawings, and to the letters and figures marked thereon, that is
to say :-
My said Invention comprises certain improvements in the mode of constructing,
and in the general arrangement and combination of the parts of portable machines or
strong box apparatus for baling cotton and other raw materials and manufactured
articles; that is, machines into which the materials may be packed and then traversed
into the stationary hydraulic or other press, so as to have the packed materials very
highly compressed in them, and then removed from the press to have the hoops or
bands firmly secured round the compressed bale; the bale is then removed from the
machine, which is again closed and packed ready for removal to the press, all while
another baling machine is having the bale compressed in it, and had been removed to
the opposite side of the press to allow of the newly filled machine being placed in the
press to have the bale compressed in it, all subsequently and alternately as herein just
explained. These improvements comprise many other constructive details, all which
so facilitate the said baling operations as to save much time and labour, besides
enabling nearly twice the work or number of bales to be turned out from one
press per day as compared with the baling machines heretofore constructed and used.

page_text: And in order that my said invention, and the manner of performing or carrying
the same into effect or practice may be properly understood, I have hereunto
appended Two explanatory Sheets of Drawings, in which the same reference letters
are used to indicate corresponding parts in all the Figures where shown.
Referring to the Figures on Sheet 1, Figure 1, represents a front end elevation of
the baling box as erected on its travelling carriage frame D D¹, E F, within an
hydraulic press, the lower part of the box and the cylinder B B₁ of the press being
shown in section. Figure 2, shows a side elevation of the baling box and its carriage
in position in the press, corresponding to Figure 1, but with the lower part of the
cylinder B B', and front side columns A², as broken away. Figure 3 is a plan of the
baling box and carriage corresponding to Figure 2, and Figure 3 A is a plan of
the locking lever J detached; while Figure 4 is a back end view of the baling box on
its carriage, the latter being shown in section.
Referring to the Figures on Sheet 2, Figures 5 and 6 show an outside elevation
and corresponding top edge view or plan respectively, of the walls or side
plates H, H², H2, H3 and their strengthening and binding outer bars h³, 1¹¹, h², of the
baling box, as opened out on their hinges h, and detached from its carriage to show
the construction of this more clearly than can be seen in the general erected views on
Sheet 1. Figure 7 shows a plan view of the carriage frame D D' E e with the
running wheels F and walls H to H³ of the box removed. And Figures 7 A and 7 B,
are an invert side view and end section respectively, the latter taken on the line 1-1
on Figure 7. Figure 8 is a top view of the bottom plate A, of the hydraulic press,
showing the recess a for retaining the hydraulic cylinder B B¹. Figure 9 is a plan
and a side elevation; and Figure 10, an inverted plan and sectional elevation
respectively, of the pressing head or follower B2 carried through from below the
carriage top into the baling box on the top of the hydraulic ram B¹ of the
cylinder B, to compress the material into a bale within the box. Figures 11 and 12
are a top and a side or edge view, and Figure 13 a horizontal section of the horizontal
pressing plate, or portable false bottom G, of the baling box which presses up the
material into a bale, within the box by the pressure of the top head or follower B² of
the press which is shown in Figures 9 and 10.
Referring to these Drawings, the press shown is an ordinary form of vertical
hydraulic press with the strong-bed frame or plate A, and top plate A' held together
by four strong vertical columns A2, the hydraulic cylinder B being set in a recess a in
the top of the bed A, and steadied at top in a circular recess in a strong plate C
secured to the columns A2, at the level z of the floor of the building. The ram B₁ of
the press works in the cylinder B in the usual manner with a cup leather bat top
and fitted with the pressure water feed and discharge pipe from the pumps. The
top A¹ of the press has a projecting part A planed on its lower side to receive the
pressure of the bale.
Referring to this construction of press, the nature and novelty of my improvements
or invention consist all as follows:-1
-the portable baling machine or press is carried
and secured on its lower open U shaped horizontal frame D D', as shown particularly
in Figures 7, 7 A, and 7 B, of about six inches deep or so, preferably made solid or out
of one strong malleable iron or steel bar about 14 inches thick on edge (although it
might be rivetted or bolted together at the two angles), and has four strong knee
brackets E bolted or rivetted by their vertical arms to the outside near the ends of the
side limbs D D of this main frame D, D, D¹. Strong studs e are secured to the lower
ends of said brackets E, E, to project out and form the fixed turned axles of four
grooved or other wheels F mounted on them to run and carry this main horizontal
frame D, D, and the whole packing or baling box and fittings above on a line of two
rails carried on suitable frames secured to the top of the ram cylinder B and side
stay bar pillars A2, A2, of the hydraulic press, and to suitable sleepers or equivalent
supports e near the level of the floor away to either side of the press, one rail on
each side passing between the cylinder B and stay columns A2 A3, all at a proper
height for the top of the said carriage frame D, D, F, to pass by its open end D
over the piston B, and its compressing head block or frame B2 carried on the top

page_text: of the ram B', the top of which is just a very little less in size than the horizontal
dimensions of the inside of the U frame D, D¹, as seen particularly in Figures 1,9
and 10, and of the strong packing and compressing vertical rectangular baling box
carried on its upper side, all as will hereinafter be described. For illustration or
explanation I may here take a baling box suitable for forming a bale 3 feet 6 inches
long by 2 feet wide, to be compressed say from 60 feet 4 inches to feet 6 inches, or
as much smaller as the material can conveniently he compressed in height. In this
case the inside width of the compressing box would be 2 feet and its length 3 feet
6 inches and its height about 6 feet, leaving 2 or 3 inches or so as shown in Figure 12
for a false bottom G, and its resting ledge d formed on the inner top edge of the
frame D, D¹, at the bottom of the box over the pressing block or follower B on the
top of the pressing ram B' of the press and which would all be ranged the
corresponding narrow and longitudinal way on the carriage frame D, D, D, E, F,
which would thus traverse across the narrow way of the press between the wide-set of
the pressure sustaining bar pillars A², A², securing and carrying the strong top
frame A¹ of the press which would be planed flat on its projecting under side at A"
close over the top of the pressing box when this was traversed under it and over the
pressing cylinder B B' on its carriage frame D D D F over the rails f, f, as before
explained. The top inside edges of the carriage frame D D D project up half-an-
inch or so at d d to carry the said moving false bottom G and also form the stops for
the two hinged sides H, H', and opening end H2 of the box when closed to the exact
inside horizontal size of the bales to be formed. On the top of the horizontal arms E'
of the two brackets E on each side frame carrying the axles e and wheels F flat
plates d' are bolted or otherwise secured the whole length of the carriage frame D, D',
five or six inches wide, and level with the upper edge of the frame D D¹ below the
said inner stop edges d d, and also below snugs el projecting up from the upper outer
ends E¹ of the said brackets E carrying these plates d', d¹, and so forming stops to
the hinged sides H, H', of the box when opened to the width of the said plates d' to
release the compressed bale and remove the box and its carriage, the bale passing
through the front end door H2 of the box which opens quite ont on hinges at h on one of
its sides H' at the open end D2 of the under supporting frame D D'as will hereinafter
be explained. The whole four sides H, H1, H2, H3, of this strong box in which the
bales are so compressed, are each formed of a solid malleable iron or steel plate of
about half-an-inch thick or so, the side plates H, H', being the exact width of the
inside of the box and bale to be formed namely 3 feet 6 inches, and the end
plates H2, H3, an inch wider, namely 2 feet 1 inch to cover in the thickness of the side
plates H, H', as seen particularly in Figure 3, with slight clearance to enable the
plates to open and shut freely. All these plates are of the same height and level on the
top as seen particularly in Figures 1, 2, and 4, and the two side plates H H', and
the opening front end plate H2, are the same length and level below resting on
the upper surface of the said borizontal side plates D D d, d', secured on the outer
lateral side brackets E E¹ of the carriage. But the back end plate H³ would be
5 or 6 inches deeper at its lower end H where it would be checked at its lower
side edges to enter the inside of the close end D¹ of the U supporting frame D, D',
and to which it is strongly screwed by two rows of counter sunk bolts
at H* passed in from the inside with the nuts on the outside as seen particularly in
Figures 3 and 7. This fixed vertical end plate H³, H*, thus forms the securing vertical
stay frame (together with the carrying and side plates D, D', d' d' below) for steadying
the other three moving side plates H, H1, H2, of the box hinged and attached to it by
strong joint spindles or hars at h and at the right hand of the front door H³, as will
now be explained. As seen in Figures 4 and 5, on the outside of the said fixed end
plate H³, of the box, (four or it may be more or less according to its height) strong
broad transverse iron or steel bars h¹ are secured at nearly equal distances apart to
strengthen the plate H³ and sustain the internal pressure exerted within the press.
These bars are made to project at both ends and are formed as strong horizontal
opening hinge joints, with large vertical joint holes for the insertion of long vertical
spindles at h passing through them, so as to be coupled by similar hinge joints formed

page_text: on the projecting end of like strong bars h¹¹, h³, secured across the outside of the two
side plates H H¹, the bars 3 of the side plate H forming single hinges below and
double hinges above. The cross bars in the one side plate H' are preferably so
divided as to form a double hinge joint, one above and one below the joint on the
bars h¹ of the fixed end plate h³ and also to form double joints at the other ends of the
single bars h² of and secured across the front opening hinged door plate H², preferably
at the right hand side of this door plate of the box. The other or left hand end of the
bars 2 on this opening and closing end plate H2, would each be formed with short
vertically jointed locking or securing lever ends I projecting considerably beyond the
closing and opening edge of this end plate H2. All these short locking levers I are
coupled by lateral joint stud pins in their outer ends to a vertically reciprocating
connecting rod I actuated by a hand lever J fulcrumed to a strong stud at Ji
secured on the outside of the door plate H2, in the vertical line of the joints I2 of the
locking-levers I; and as the short arm of the hand lever J is jointed at J' to the
connecting rod I, the oscillating of the long hand arm of this lever down or up moves
all the locking end levers I of the bars up or down respectively and parallelly at the
same time. Locking notches i are formed deep enough in line with their joints in
the upper edges of these short hinged levers I at a sufficient distance from the closing
edges of the plate H2, to take on to strong projecting ends; formed for the purpose
on the bars ³ of the right hand side plate H, with strong projecting heads j¹ beyond
the catch levers I, all so that when these are raised by the hand lever J their notches i
securely hold the side plate H of the press close, by the ends ; of its bars h³, while the
strong projecting end heads jj on these secure the end door plate H2, equally close
by catching on the outside of the locking hinged levers I, all quite secure against the
pressure exerted within the box while compressing the bales; and to prevent the
possibility of the locking levers I slipping out by pressure, a short securing steel
wedge or block is driven in at the recess K. over the end of one of the bars h of the
side plate H under one of the short locking bars I above it, which in securing this
secures all the other locking bars I through their connecting-rod I'; and this block k
can easily be pinched out by the end of a steel crowbar or by a hammer and thus
instantly free all the catch levers I, so that their hand lever J, can unlock them all,
assisted by the pressure of the bale which will then instantly open the side plates H, H',
the end door plate H2 can then be quite opened up and the compressing box removed
and the bale drawn, tilted, or lifted out after being hooped, by a convenient hoist or
tackle at each side of the press for the purpose. When the box can be closed up
again and the walls locked by the lever J and block k, and then filled under the
elevating and filling arrangements close at hand where this portable arrangement of
baling box or machine is easily removed, on its rails f and wheels F, and when packed
to the top be again traversed into the press over its forcing ram B³, and top moving
plate B2, and false bottom G and under the upper pressure sustaining plate or frame
A', A", of the press secured to the top of the side pillars A2, A2. The false bottom
plate G, as seen particularly in Figures 11, 12 and 13, is formed, (preferably of a
hollow steel plate for lightness and strength), flat on the underside to rest on the top
block B2 of the ram B' of the press when pressing and also plain on the top to press
and form the lower side of the bale as seen in Figure 11; but on this top the false
bottom plate G, is formed with four or other number of recesses g across its width,
and one or more g¹ longitudinally across the others for the insertion of the thin iron
or steel binding bands inserted into the baling box after filling in the material,
notches g² being cut out of the upper edges of the plate sides H, H1, H2, H³, of the
box at the parts in parallel line with the grooves g¹ in the false bottom plate G,
where the free ends of the binding hoops or bands can be drawn out and up to one
side, and secured in any of the usual ways by rivets or securing ends, buckles, or
catches after the baling box has been removed on its wheels from the press. The said
outer cross strengthening and hinge bars h, h¹, h¹¹, h², may be made either of malleable
iron or steel of any desired section, such as flat bar T or angle, or with the central
parts deeper to resist the bending tendency of the long side plates H, H', H³, H³, and
they would all be preferably secured to their side plates by countersunk bolts passed

page_text: from the inside with the nuts outside to have the inside of the plates forming the bales
all smooth and plain as particularly seen in Figure 6, although these bars h, h¹, h, h²,
might be riveted to their plates when preferred; in any case the bars would preferably
be stronger or made more numerous towards the top of the box as seen particularly in
Figure 5, where the strain becomes greatest in compressing the bale up towards that
end in the case of a vertical
press.
Although in describing the improvements of this invention which consist in the
general arrangement and combination of the parts of baling apparatus, I have given
dimensions for one size of baling box, it is to be understood that these portable baling
machines or boxes may be made of any desired size, and of a strength to suit the size
of bales and kind of material to be packed, and pressure to be given to the bale, and
that when packing sheets have to be put round the bale, these will be inserted within
the box before packing and compressing the material, all substantially as in other
pressing and baling machines.
In some cases when desired, these baling boxes may have their sides H, H', and
ends H2, H3, fitted with strong wood planks and secured by hands or plates and
countersunk headed bolts at suitable intervals, to secure the wood by nuts outside, for
giving additional strength and durability to the whole.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said Invention,
and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I claim is :-
First. The construction, or general arrangement and combination of the parts of
baling boxes, machines or apparatus for hydraulic or other presses, all substantially as
herein described, in reference to and shown in the accompanying Drawings.
Second. The construction of baling boxes or machines, carried portably on their
carriages, with hinges h, to open at their sides and one end on their carriage frame,
and with securing joint catch levers I,, at the ends of their hinged and strengthening
bars, simultaneously actuated by a hand lever, all substantially as herein described,
in reference to and shown in the accompanying Drawings.
Third. In baling boxes or machines, the locking of the opening end door H2, to its
hinged sides H, H¹, all close simultaneously by a coupled arrangement of catch
levers I, i, hinged to their binding strengthening bars 2 by a coupling rod and
lever IJ, and securing the whole by a wedge or block k, all substantially as and for
the advantages of instantaneously releasing or locking the baling press and binders, as
herein described in reference to and shown in the accompanying Drawings.