IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR MIXING MATERIALS FOR ARTIFICIAL FUEL AND MOULDING THEM INTO BLOCKS, PART OF WHICH MACHINERY IS APPLICABLE FOR MOULDING BRICKS AND OTHER ANALOGOUS ARTICLES.”
Year: 1871

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Avery Branton Williams, of Cardiff, in
the County of Glamorgan, Civil Engineer, for the Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR MIXING MATERIALS FOR ARTIFICIAL
FUEL AND MOULDING THEM INTO BLOCKS, PART OF WHICH MACHINERY IS
APPLICABLE FOR MOULDING BRICKS AND OTHER ANALOGOUS ARTICLES.”
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Avery Branton
Williams at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his
Petition, on the 3rd November 1871.
I, JOHN AVERY BRANTON WILLIAMS, of Cardiff, in the County of
Glamorgan, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR MIXING MATERIALS FOR
ARTIFICIAL FUEL AND MOULDING THEM INTO BLOCKS, PART OF WHICH MACHINERY
IS APPLICABLE FOR MOULDING BRICKS AND OTHER ANALOGOUS ARTICLES," to be
as follows:-

page_text: other, and having several concentric rings of upright iron pins tapped or
rivetted into them and enclosed within a metal casing.
The improvement consists in employing the three separate discs,
through each of which the several materials to be mixed are caused to
pass and to fall on each lower disc in succession, thereby causing a very
intimate admixture. After passing through the vertical amalgamator
the materials pass into a horizontal amalgamator, which consists of two
cylinders placed immediately one above the other, each provided with
suitable shaft and arms. After travelling the length of the upper
cylinder the materials fall through an opening into the lower one, and by
the motion of the shaft and arms are forced in a contrary direction to the
other end and discharged into the feeding hopper of the moulding
machine. This machine is composed as follows:-On the iron founda-
tion plate are constructed two strong vertical pillars, which by preference
I cast in one with the foundation plate. On each of these vertical
pillars I place a loose horizontal ratchet moulding table, with a number
of moulds around its periphery free to move around the central pillar.
Each mould is fitted with a plunger, which is made to slide freely up and
down. Each horizontal ratchet moulding table receives an intermittent
motion from the shaft of the feeding hopper, which is placed partly over
each mould table in such a manner that three moulds in each table come
under the operation of filling at once, the arms of the feeding hopper
passing three times over each mould, thus ensuring perfect filling. I
place below each of the horizontal ratchet moulding tables containing
the moulds two levers, with buffer heads attached, acting on each other
by an antifriction roller or rollers, and arranged to work simultaneously
in the same direction, one compressing the material upwards and the
other forcing it out of the moulds upwards. The blocks are then pushed
off on to a travelling band having an intermittent motion. The inter-
mittent motion given to the mould tables admits of the blocks receiving
pressure from the direct action upon the main levers of a piston working
in a cylinder, the main levers being so placed as to communicate the
power to each mould table.
The moulding machinery above described is also applicable for com-

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said John Avery Branton Williams in the Great Seal
Patent Office on the 2nd May 1872.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOHN.
AVERY BRANTON WILLIAMS, of Cardiff, in the County of Glamorgan,
Civil Engineer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Third day of November, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-one, in the
thirty-fifth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said John Avery Branton Williams, Her
special license that I, the said John Avery Branton Williams,
executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said
John Avery Branton Williams, my executors, administrators, and assigns,
should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at
all times thercafter during the term therein expressed, should and
lawfully might make, use, excrcise, and vend, within the United
Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and
Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR MIXING
MATERIALS FOR ARTIFICIAL FUEL AND MOULDING THEM INTO BLOCKS, PART OF
WHICH MACHINERY IS APPLICABLE FOR MOULDING BRICKS AND OTHER ANALAGOUS
ARTICLES," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said
John Avery Branton Williams, my executors or administrators, by
an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands
and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the
said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed,
and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within
six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the 'said
Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said John Avery Branton Williams, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in
and by the following statement thereof, that is to say:—

page_text: articles.
For mixing the materials for forming artificial fuel I employ a vertical
amalgamator, which consists of separate discs placed one below the other,
and having several concentric rings of upright iron pins tapped or
rivetted into them and enclosed within a metal casing. The several
materials to be mixed are caused to pass between the pins on the discs
and to fall on the lower disc or discs, thereby causing a very intimate
admixture. After passing through the vertical amalgamator the
materials pass into a horizontal amalgamator, which consists of two
cylinders placed immediately one above the other, and each provided
with a suitable shaft and arms. After travelling the length of the upper
cylinder the materials fall through an opening into the lower one, and
by the motion of the shaft and arms are forced in a contrary direction to
the other end of this cylinder and discharged into the feeding hopper of
the moulding machine. This machine is composed as follows:-On the
iron foundation plate are constructed two strong vertical pillars, which
by preference I cast in one with the foundation plate. On each of these
vertical pillars I place a loose horizontal ratchet moulding table with a
number of moulds around its periphery, and free to move around the
central pillar. Each mould is fitted with a plunger, which is made to
slide freely up and down. Each horizontal ratchet moulding table
receives an intermittent motion from the shaft of the feeding hopper,
which is placed partly over each mould table, and the arms of the
feeding hopper pass repeatedly over each mould, thus ensuring perfect
filling. I place below each of the horizontal ratchet moulding tables
containing the moulds two levers with buffer heads attached; such
levers act on each other by an antifriction roller or rollers, and are
arranged to work simultaneously in the same direction, one compressing
the material upwards and the other forcing it out of the moulds
upwards. The blocks are then pushed off on to a travelling band having
an intermittent motion. The intermittent motion given to the mould
tables admits of the blocks receiving pressure from the direct action
upon the main levers of a piston working in a cylinder, the main levers
being so placed as to communicate the power to each mould table.

page_text: In order that my Invention may be fully explained I will proceed to
describe the Drawings hereunto annexed. In cach Figure the same
letters of reference denote similar or corresponding parts.
Figures 1 and 2 are plans of the machine; Figure 2 being a half
sectional plan, and Figure 3 is a sectional elevation.
A, A, is the foundation plate with vertical pillars; B, B, are the loose
ratchet wheels or mould tables containing the moulds placed in a hori-
zontal position on the vertical pillars bearing on antifriction rollers C; D
is the pressure plate secured to the foundation plate by holding down bolts
E, E; F, F, are two levers hung to the foundation plate, and arranged
so as to vibrate simultaneously in the same direction at each. stroke of
the cylinders G. The downward stroke of the piston causes the buffer
heads H, H, attached to the levers F, F¹, to ascend and compress two
blocks on one side of the mould wheel and expel two blocks on the
opposite side of the mould wheel simultaneously. This arrangement
avoids the great friction and loss of power caused by the use of inclined
planes for forcing out the blocks.

page_text: N³, which are pressed into the notches formed in each table by the
counterweighted bars N*. The vertical shaft N', which receives its
motion from the horizontal driving shaft O, also gives motion to the
cross shaft P, which is furnished at each end with an eccentric P¹ for
working the slide valve of the cylinders G, and with a curved arm P³,
which in its revolution actuates the pushing off lever P³, the lower end
of which works in a sliding shoe P', which is supported by and slides
on fixed bars P³. The moulded blocks are received on the travelling
band Q. R, R, R, are the discs of the vertical amalgamator, which are
secured to the vertical shaft R', which is driven by the cross shaft R³.
The discs are enclosed in a casing S, which is contracted below the upper
discs so as to cause the material to fall into the centre of each disc in
succession. T, T, are the horizontal amalgamators, and T, T¹, are the
shafts and arms, and T are the geared wheels for giving motion to them
through the driving pullies U.
Figure 4 is a plan, and Figure 5 a sectional clevation of a modification
of the machine just described. The main difference between the two
machines is that in the machine shewn by Figures 4 and 5 the upward
stroke of the main levers F, F, is effected by a cam W bearing against
an antifriction roller X attached to the upper side of cach main lever.
By this arrangement the cylinders G are made single acting, the power
being required for the down or compressing stroke only. Each table
containing the moulds is keyed to the vertical pillar or shaft, and
revolves with it in the bearings provided at cach end. For the purpose
of giving the necessary intermittent motion to each table a ratchet
wheel V is fixed on the lower end of each vertical pillar having a
connecting rod with a pawl working into the notches formed in the
ratchet wheel; the other end of the connecting rod is secured to a crank
or disc, or to a pin in the crown wheel of the vertical shaft N* which
drives the feeding hopper N.
Having thus fully described the nature of the said Invention, and the
manner in which the same is to be performed or carried into effect, I
wish it to be clearly understood that I do not confine myself to the exact
details described, and also that the mechanism for mixing and for
moulding may be separately employed. I claim, the general combina-
tion or arrangement of parts, substantially as herein set forth, for mixing
and moulding materials for the manufacture of fuel, or for moulding and

page_text: compressing bricks and other analagous articles, and I claim particularly
the application to the under side of each horizontal wheel of moulds of
twe levers which act on each other, and by the motion of which separate
blocks of fuel are moulded and forced out upwards simultaneously,
substantially as described.
blocks of fuel are moulded and forced out upwards simultaneously,
substantially as described.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Avery Branton Williams, have
hereunto set my hand and seal, this 26th day of April, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-
two.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Avery Branton Williams, have
hereunto set my hand and seal, this 26th day of April, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-
two.