AN IMPROVED MODE OF AND APPARATUS FOR COOLING FLUIDS AND LIQUIDS
Year: 1873

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Henry Bernoulli Barlow, of Manchester, in the
County of Lancaster, Patent Agent, for the Invention of "AN
IMPROVED MODE OF AND APPARATUS FOR COOLING FLUIDS AND LIQUIDS."-
-
A communication from abroad by Nicholas Joseph Galland, of Paris,
France, Engineer.
Sealed the 3rd October 1873, and dated the 21st April 1873.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Henry Bernoulli
Barlow at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his
Petition, on the 21st April 1873.
I, HENRY BERNOULLI BARLOW, of Manchester, in the County of
Lancaster, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "AN IMPROVED MODE OF AND APPARATUS FOR COOLING FLUIDS
AND LIQUIDS," being a communication to me from abroad by Nicholas
Joseph Galland, of Paris, France, Engineer, to be as follows:-
This Invention is particularly applicable for cooling wort or the
saccharine infusion of malt, but it may be used for cooling other fluids
and liquids; the peculiar feature of novelty is that the liquid to be
cooled is protected from contact with the atmosphere,

page_text: The apparatus consists of a vessel in which the liquid to be cooled is
collected, this vessel is provided with tubes through which cold air or
water circulates; it is also connected to a condenser and an air pump,
also to two vessels containing sulphuric acid or chloride of calcium or
other equivalent; also to an injector, also to a centrifugal pump and to
a filter in which is a false bottom, and a series of perforated sheet metal
plates covered with flannel or other porous substance.
When the apparatus is ready for work steam is turned into the
injector which forms a partial vacuum in the vessel containing the
liquid to be cooled; the communication with the injector is then closed
and the air pump is set to work; the condenser then comes into action
and rapidly cools the liquid. The temperature may be further reduced
by causing the air pump to draw the vapours through the vessels con-
taining sulphuric acid or other equivalent. The cooled liquid is forced
through the filter by the centrifugal pump.
The apparatus may be modified to cool liquids in vacuum and in a
constant current. The vessel containing the hot liquid is connected to
a vacuum pan and a condenser, by which the temperature is reduced
and the partially cooled liquid is brought to a lower temperature by
passing through a cooler in which are cold water pipes, and it flows
thence into a refrigerator from which it is forced by a pump to the filter
above described.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Henry Bernoulli Barlow in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 17th October 1873.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, HENRY
BERNOULLI BARLOW, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Patent
Agent, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-first day of April, in the year a
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-three, in the thirty-
sixth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give
and grant unto me, the said Henry Bernoulli Barlow, Her special licence
that I, the said Henry Bernoulli Barlow, my executors, administrators,

page_text: and assigns, or such others as I, the said Henry Bernoulli Barlow,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agrec
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make,
use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
"AN IMPROVED MODE OF AND APPARATUS FOR COOLING FLUIDS AND LIQUIDS,"
being a communication to me from abroad by Nicolas Joseph Galland,
of Paris, France, Engineer, upon the condition (amongst others) that I,
the said Henry Bernoulli Barlow, my executors or administrators, by
an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and
seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and
cause the same to be filed in the Great Scal Patent Office within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Henry Bernoulli Barlow, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement (that is to say) —
This Invention is particularly applicable for cooling wort or the
saccharine infusion of malt, but it may be used for cooling other fluids
and liquids; the peculiar feature of novelty is that the liquid to be
cooled is protected from contact with the atmosphere.
And in order that this Invention may be fully understood and readily
carried into operation, I will proceed to describe the accompanying
Sheet of Drawings, reference being had to the figures and letters
marked thereon.
Fig. 1 is an elevation partly in section of the improved apparatus
for cooling fluids and liquids; Fig. 2 is a plan of the same; Figs. 3, 4,
and 5 are three views of the filter.
. In the apparatus shewn for illustrating the improved mode of cooling
fluids and liquids A is the vessel containing the fluid or liquid to be
cooled; this vessel is provided with small tubes through which cold
air or water circulates. The dome D of the vessel A is in com-
munication with the condenser C (similar to that used in a sugar
refinery) by means of the pipe T, T', and by the tap R¹ and pipe T%;

page_text: with the air pump P. On referring to Fig. 2 it will be seen that the
tap R which has two ports allows the communication with the pipe T"
to be shut off, and to be opened through the pipe T', and tap R², to the
pump P. The dome D has a branch pipe t¹ connected by the tap R* to
the pipe T, to the lower end of which is connected the spherical box B,
having three branches. In this box is the tuyere or nozzle O which
enters into the pipe T open to the atmosphere. At the bottom of the
vessel A is the pipe 7 which connects it to the centrifugal pump P¹;
this latter is connected by the pipe T to the filter F, shewn detached in
Figs. 3, 4, and 5; it consists of a cast-iron case provided with a double
bottom; in the upper compartment are the filtering surfaces or sheet
metal plates p, which are perforated and covered with flannel or other
suitable material; these plates are provided with branches t, which
convey the filtered liquid into the lower compartment c; the filter is
emptied through the tap R³.
The boiling wort is run into the vessel A, the capacity of which is
such that a whole brew will about half fill it. The tap R³ is then
opened to admit steam at about three or four atmospheres pressure into
the pipe T through the nozzle O. By opening the tap R the box B is
brought into communication with the vessel A. Under these conditions a
and by the effect of the jet of steam, a vacuum equal to about 50 or 60
centimetres of mercury will be produced, which evaporates and
consequently cools the hot liquid in the vessel A. The first vacuum
facilitates the action of the pump P and allows it to be of comparatively
small dimensions; this pump must now be set to work, the tap R' is ?
closed, the tap R is opened towards the condenser C, and the tap R¹ is
also opened. As soon as the pump P is set to work, the liquid in the
vessel A begins to boil, and by the aid of the condenser C it continues
to act until the liquid in the vessel A is rapidly brought to 45 or even 35
degrees of the centigrade thermometer. As this reduction in the tem-
perature is far from being sufficient, cold water is made to circulate
through the tubes 6, keeping up the vacuum in the vessel A by means.
of the pump, and shutting the tap R. After this the liquid is reduced
to about 15 degrees centrigade. As soon as this effect has been pro-
duced by the cold water, the temperature can be reduced to 4 or 5
degrees above freezing point by either of the following methods:-
First, by causing water at freezing point to circulate through the

page_text: Secondly, by evaporating a sufficient quantity of the liquid in the
vessel A. By this last method the tap R must be turned to establish
the communication with the pump P by the pipes T³, T', by opening the
tap R² and closing the tap R'. The pump being now set to work, the
vapours from the vessel A are carried through the vessels V containing
strong sulphuric acid, or chloride of calcium or other substance that
absorbs humidity.
The apparatus above described may also be used to produce cold
water, and in causing this liquid or air to circulate in the pipes b, the
air so cooled might be used to cool fermented liquors, or the cellars or
the rooms in which fermentation takes place. This mode of cooling
liquids and fluids may be applied among others to the following
purposes.
To come back to the purpose for which it is particularly suitable,
namely for breweries, I wish to observe that by a certain addition: it is
possible to obtain at once clear liquids. In the ordinary process the
wort or other deposit are placed in separate shallow cisterns, after which
they are filtered on flannel or other material exposed to the air.
Knowing the inconveniences and the danger of the presence of air, and
admitting that the separation of the deposits and the filtering are
indispensable, I have connected the filter F to the apparatus, and the
liquid to be filtered is forced by the centrifugal pump P¹ from the
vessel A to the filter, from which it is discharged through the tap R³
perfectly clear.
The action of the apparatus above described is intermittent, and it
acts on a whole brew at the same time.
In large breweries, and even in smaller breweries it would be incon-
venient owing to the size of apparatus required; it is therefore desirable
to produce a continuous cooling which may be obtained by the apparatus
shewn in Fig. 6.
The vessel A is for boiling the beer and hops; and B is the vacuum
chamber with the condenser C for drawing the boiling liquid from A,
and reducing it by evaporation and in a continuous stream to from 35 to
40 degrees. D is a tubular refrigerator which receives the liquid
through the orifice O at about 40 degrees, and reduces it to about 15 by
the circulation of cold water in the contrary direction to that of the

page_text: liquid to be cooled; the cold water enters at the branch T, and leaves
at T to the condenser, where it acts on the vapours from the vessel B.
The wort or other liquid from the refrigerator D which has been cooled
to 15 degrees is discharged into the freezing vessel with discs E, where
it is further cooled to from 3 to 6 degrees as may be required; it is
drawn into the vessel E by suction, as there is in this vessel a rather
better vacuum than in the vessel B. The cooled liquid is withdrawn
from the vessel E in a continuous stream by the pump P which forces it
back into the filter F, from whence it runs in a clear state into the
casks K:
In order to obtain a regular stream it is necessary to regulate the
opening of the taps R, R', and the speed of the pump P.
After cooling the wort or other liquid, the operation of the freezing
vessel E may be continued to produce water at freezing point or ice as
required.
Having thus stated the nature and particulars of the Invention com-
municated to me by the within named Nicolas Joseph Galland, I declare
that I claim the improved mode of and apparatus for cooling fluids and
liquids described and shewn in the Drawings for whatever purpose the
said cooling process may be adopted; and I also claim the modification
shewn and described in reference to Fig. 6 for obtaining a continuous
cooling process.
In witness whereof, I, the said Henry Bernoulli Barlow, have here-
to set my hand and seal, this Sixteenth day of October One
thousand eight hundred and seventy-three:
TT D DADIO
H. B. BARLOW. (L.S.)