IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF SEWING MACHINES
Year: 1884

page_text: I WILLIAM JACKSON of 11 Caroline Street Eaton Square, Pimlico, in the
County of Middlesex, Sewing Machine Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature
of my Invention for IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF SEWING MACHINES
to be as follows:-
This Invention consists of Improvements in the sewing machines made in
accordance with Inventions for which Letters Patent were granted to me dated
28th October 1864 N° 2667. and 9th March 1877 N° 943; and the object of my
present Invention is to improve such machines by making the same more simple
in construction.
Instead of mounting the driving shaft in a horizontal position, as hitherto,
I place the same in a vertical position, with the flywheel, in a horizontal position,
at the upper end. The shaft may be driven by a treadle and crank at the lower
end, or by a band, or other suitable means. The vertical shaft has a cylindrical
cam fitted thereto which imparts a reciprocating motion to the needle bar. This
cam is so constructed that, at one portion of each revolution, it provides a "dwell,"
and thus affords time for the thread to be passed into the barb of the needle; the
needle-bar being kept stationary while this operation is performed.-Near the
lower end of this vertical shaft I fit a toothed wheel, which always rotates in one
direction and actuates the wheels which impart motion to the looper spindle fitted
in the horn described in my said former specifications. The looper spindle consists
of a steel tube with a perforation through one side, at its upper end.
The sewing machine is mounted in a C frame, for convenience; although I do
not confine myself to that particular form, as it may be varied.
And in order that my said 'invention may be better understood, reference is
hereby made to the accompanying drawing, which is an elevation of so much of a
sewing machine as is necessary to shew my improvements. a is the frame, b is the
driving shaft, c is the crank, & is the flywheel, e is the cam which operates the
needle bar, f is a wheel fitted to the shaft b, which drives the wheels ghi
continuously in one direction; is the hollow looper spindle, described in my said
former specifications, but with the difference that has herein a continuous rotary
motion, instead of a reciprocating motion, as before adopted, which allows of greater
speed of working. m is a cam which rotates with the shaft and actuates the feed,
and for giving the required length of stitch by means of the lever arm n and
pin o; p is an adjusting screw for regulating the length of stitch.
GEO. DOWNING,
Agent for Applicant.

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
I, WILLIAM JACKSON, of 11 Caroline Street, Eaton Square, Pimlico, in the
County of Middlesex, Sewing Machine Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature
of my said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF SEWING
MACHINES," and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and. by the following statement:—
This Invention consists of improvements in the sewing machines made in
accordance with inventions for which Letters Patent were granted to me dated
28th October 1864, No. 2667 and 9th March 1877 No. 943, for sewing the soles of
boots and shoes and other analogous purposes; and the object of my present
invention is to improve such machines by making the same more simple in
construction, more durable; less liable to get out of order, and reducing the cost of
manufacture.
Instead of mounting the driving shaft in a horizontal position, as hitherto,
I place the same in a vertical position with the fly-wheel in a horizontal position,
at the upper end. The shaft may be driven by a treadle and crank at the lower
end, or by a band or other suitable means. The vertical shaft has a main
cylindrical cam fitted thereto which imparts a reciprocating motion to the needle
bar. This cam is so constructed that, at one portion of each revolution, it provides
a" dwell," and thus affords time for the thread to be passed into the barb of the
needle; the needle bar being thereby kept stationary while this operation is
performed. Near the lower end of this vertical shaft I fit a toothed wheel, which
always rotates in one direction and actuates the wheels which impart motion to
the looper spindle, fitted in the horn described in my said former Specifications.
The looper spindle consists of a steel tube with two perforations through one side,
at its upper end.
In my Provisional Specification I described the sewing machine as being mounted
in a C frame, but I did not confine myself to that particular form; and I have
since found that the vertical frame hereinafter mentioned is preferable to the
▸ frame.
And in order that my said invention may be more clearly ascertained, reference
is hereby made to the accompanying drawings, in which similar letters of reference
indicate corresponding parts.
Fig. 1 is a side elevation of my invention, Fig. 2 is a partial front view of the
same, Fig. 3 is a top view and Fig. 4 is a view of the underside of the cams e
and e', and Figs 5 and 6 are detailed drawings. a is the frame, bis the driving
shaft, c is the crank, d the fly wheel, e is the main cam which operates the needle
bar t, is a toothed wheel fitted to the shaft b, which drives the toothed wheels g
continuously; k is the hollow looper spindle described in my said former
Specifications, but with the difference that whereas in such Specifications the
hollow looper spindle k was described as having a partial rotary motion to the
extent of about three quarters of a revolution, first in one direction and then in
the opposite direction: one of the special features in my present invention is that
this hollow looper spindle bas a continuous uninterrupted rotary motion in one
direction, and this arrangement enables me to carry out the invention in the improved

page_text: simplified form herein specified; and this arrangement also enables me to work the
machine at a much greater speed than heretofore. m is a cam fixed to and
rotating with the shaft and which raises the pressure foot n¹ by means of the lever n
and spring q. The spring q' imparts pressure to the pressure foot, and the
spring n³ imparts the return motion to the pressure foot.
"dwell"
p is an adjusting scrow for regulating the amount of lift of the pressure foot n¹.
The lower end of the main cam e is fitted with a cam e' which has a
of about half a revolution, and which actuates the lever e³. This lever imparts
motion to the pressure bar n' and foot n³, for regulating the length of stitch. The
lever e² is fitted with a roller e³ which is adjusted by the screw e for regulating
the length of stitch. w is the cast off for protecting the last preceding loop of the
sewing thread from being caught in the hook.
The wax pot r is made with a central tube 8. In this central tube I place a
Bunsen or other suitable burner, which keeps the wax soft and plastic, and also
keeps the looper spindle k at a suitable temperature. The thread is passed through
the plastic wax, and then carried in a. warın state up. through the looper spindle as
described in my said former Specifications.
Figs 5 and 6 are sectional views of the looper and the case in which it
revolves.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim is
1 The method of and arrangements for actuating the several working parts of
sewing machines for the purposes described, by means of a single vertical shaft b
in combination with the cams me and e¹ operating and fitted substantially as
described and shewn on the drawings..
2 The use of the rotating cam e whereby a dwell or rest to the needle bar is
provided during a portion of the revolution thereof substantially as described and
shewn on the drawings..
3 The use of the continuously rotating looper spindle k for the thread substan-
tially as described and shewn on the drawings.
4 The combination of the cain c, needle bar t, needle, and looper k, severally
operating so as to afford one dwell or rest to the needle bar and needle during
cach revolution of the came and looper k, substantially as described and shewn on
the drawings.
5 The general combination arrangement and construction of the several and
respective parts, together constituting: the improvements in my former patented
inventions No 2081 and 9437 berein before described and shewn on the
drawings, or any mere modification thereof.