IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PAPER
Year: 1864

page_text: .
LETTERS PATENT to Leonard Cooke, of Horwich, in the County of
Lancaster, Paper Manufacturer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PAPER."
Sealed the 12th July 1864, and dated the 4th April 1864.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Leonard Cooke at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
4th April 1864.
I, LEONARD COOKE, of Horwich, in the County of Lancaster, Paper
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PAPER," to be as follows:-
My Invention is particularly applicable in the manufacture of paper for
making paper hangings, but it may be applied in the production of paper for
other purposes.
My Invention consists in applying the pulp, size, colouring matter, or other
substances, either separately or combined, of which paper is or may be com-
posed at two or more times, or from two or more vessels, to the endless wire
gauze belt or cylinder of the ordinary paper machines, care being taken that
the greater portion of the moisture in the pulp already deposited on the wire

page_text: gauze be removed in the usual manner before the additional pulp, colour, size,
or other substances are added. By this means I am enabled to produce a
compound paper having a fine surface on each side and an intermediate
portion made of an inferior pulp, or a good top surface with an inferior lower
surface, or vice versa, or a top and bottom surface of different qualities and
colours and with more or less size or colouring matter or other substance in
each case.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Leonard Cooke, in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
3rd October 1864.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, LEONARD
COOKE, of Horwich, in the County of Lancaster, Paper Manufacturer, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Fourth day of April, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-four, in the twenty-seventh year
of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto
me, the said Leonard Cooke, Her special license that I, the said Leonard
Cooke, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I
the said Leonard Cooke, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should
at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all
times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE MANUFACture of Paper," upon the condition (amongst others) that I,
the said Leonard Cooke, my executors or administrators, by an instrument
in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should
particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and
in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to
be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next
and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Leonard Cooke, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement (that is to say):-

page_text: My Invention is particularly applicable in the manufacture of paper
for making paper hangings, but it may be applied in the production of paper
for other purposes.
My Invention consists in applying the pulp, size, colouring matter, or other
substances, either separately or combined, of which paper is or may be com-
posed at two or more times or from two or more vessels to the endless
wire gauze belt of the ordinary paper machine, care being taken that a
portion of the moisture in the pulp, size, colouring matter, or other substance
already deposited on the wire gauze be removed in the usual manner before
the additional pulp, colour, size, or other substance or substances are added.
And in order that my Invention may be fully understood and readily
carried into operation I will proceed to describe the accompanying Sheet of
Drawings, reference being had to the figures and letters marked thereon.
Figure 1 is an elevation, and Figure 2 a plan of an ordinary paper machine
to which my improvements are applied. I wish to observe here that the
Drawing only represents one mode of carrying my Invention into practice,
and that various other modes may be adopted according to the number of
thicknesses of pulp or other substances of which the compound paper is to
be composed, also according to the peculiar construction of the paper machine
to which my improvements are applied, and to the various qualities and colours
of the paper to be produced.
a is the spout for conveying the pulp from the usual pulp chest to the
strainer 6; c is the spout for conveying the pulp from the strainer 6 to the
delivering board with apron d by which the pulp is spread on the endless
wire gauze e passing over the rollers f, f, f³, and under and over the rollers
9, 9; h is the deckel frame with pulleys, and i the deckel strap for regulating
the width of the paper; j, j, are the vacuum pump or exhaust boxes; k, k,
are the couch rolls from which the paper is taken to the press rolls by an
endless felt; and then to the drying cylinders: All the parts above enumerated
are made in the usual manner, and form no part of my Invention.
My improvements in the manufacture of paper consist in the application
of one or more additional spouts, troughs, delivery trays, rollers, or other
equivalents to the ordinary paper machine in the following or in any other
convenient manner. 1 represents a spout for conveying the pulp from a
second pulp chest or strainer to the trough m which is or may be furnished
with two or more cross ribs or any other convenient arrangement of parts for
the purpose of spreading evenly, and preventing the too rapid flow of the pulp.
The point of delivery of the trough m is above or beyond the first vacuum

page_text: box and beyond this point of delivery is placed the slice n to level the pulp,
size, colouring matter, or other substances, or a roller may be applied instead
of or in addition to the slice n. When the machine is at work and it is
desired to produce a compound paper with a good top and an inferior lower
surface, the coarser pulp would be supplied to the wire gauze e by the board
and apron d; as the wire gauze is carried over the first vacuum box j a portion
of the moisture is removed from the coarser pulp before the finer pulp is
deposited from the trough m on to the coarser pulp, the two thicknesses of pulp
then continue to move onwards and pass over the second vacuum box j, by
which the moisture is removed, and the compound paper on arriving at the
roller f¹ is sufficiently consolidated to be removed from the wire gauze e and
carried between the couch rollers k in the usual manner. It is evident that
when a compound paper is required with a fine surface on each side, and an
intermediate portion made of an inferior material, two additional troughs and
a corresponding number of vacuum boxes must be applied to the paper
machine. It may likewise be desirable to apply additional troughs, delivery
trays, rollers, or other equivalents for supplying size, colouring matter or other
substance or substances to the paper, and by making the troughs by which
colour is supplied with slots or any other suitable arrangement of parts for
the passage of the colour striped paper of one or more colours and qualities
can be produced on the paper machine, waved stripes may be produced by
giving a lateral to-and-fro motion to the colour troughs by an eccentric or other
means, and other designs may be produced by means of rollers with patterns.
By means of the improvements above described I am enabled to produce at
one operation on the paper machine compound paper with a good top surface
and an inferior lower surface, or vice versa, or with a fine surface on each
side and an inferior intermediate portion, or with the top and bottom surfaces
of different qualities, colours, and designs, and with more or less size, colouring
matter, or other substances applied at one or more times. I wish to observe
that in manufacturing some descriptions of paper, such as blotting paper, the
vacuum box may be dispensed with, and also. that the first layer of pulp or
other substance may be deposited on the gauze wire as it ascends from the
roller g³ to the breast roller f' by a suitable arrangement of delivery vat and
exhaust box, but I prefer the mode already described.
Having thus stated the nature of my Invention and described a convenient
mode of carrying the same into operation, I declare that what I claim as my
improvements in the manufacture of paper is the application of pulp, size,
colouring matter, or other substances at two or more times, or from two or

page_text: more spouts or other equivalents, to the endless wire gauze belt of an
ordinary paper machine as shewn and described, or to the endless wire
guage of any other machine or combination of machinery for making paper.
In witness whereof, I, the said Leonard Cooke, have hereto set my
hand and seal, this Thirtieth day of September, One thousand eight
hundred and sixty-four.
LEONARD COOKE. (L.S.)