IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY Or APPARATUS FOR SPINNING AND DOUBLING COTTON, WOOL, AND OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS
Year: 1877

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Robert Grime, of Preston, in the County of Lancaster,
Cotton Spinner, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY Or
APPARATUS FOR SPINNING AND DOUBLING COTTON, WOOL, AND OTHER FIBROUS
MATERIALS."
Sealed the 1st February 1878, and dated the 12th December 1877.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Robert Grime at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 12th December 1877.
ROBERT GRIME, of Preston, in the County of Lancaster, Cotton Spinner.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR SPINNING AND DOUBLING
COTTON, WOOL, AND OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS.”
This Invention relates to improvements in machinery or apparatus for spinning
and doubling cotton, wool, and other fibrous materials, and has reference to
that class of spinning and doubling machinery known as ring and traveller
throstles.
It is well known that the drag or strain upon the yarn caused by the
traveller during the process of spinning or doubling varies according not only
to the diameter of the bobbin or cop upon which the yarn is being wound, but
also with the speed at which the traveller itself revolves; in other words, as respects
the bobbin the strain is greatest when winding upon a small diameter, such as the
spindle itself, or on an empty spool or bobbin, and least when winding upon the
largest diameter of a cop or bobbin of yarn; and as respects the traveller the resist-
ance or friction of the traveller upon the ring increases and decreases with the speed
of revolution, a slow speed of the traveller giving light resistance or friction, and a
faster or fast speed giving increased resistance or friction.
In ordinary ring frames, which heretofore have been almost exclusively employed
for doubling and the production of warp or twist yarn, the spindles and rollers are
driven at one uniform speed from the commencement of the bobbins or cops until

page_text: the same attain their full size, and so far as I know it has hitherto been found
impracticable with such ring frames to spin weft yarns (in which there is much less
twist than in warp or twist yarns) on account of the variable strain upon the yarn
and the frequent breakages resulting therefrom. To overcome this difficulty even
when spinning warp or twist yarn upon ring frames, it is a common practice to put
moro twist in ring yarn than is absolutely required or as is usually put in mule yarn
of similar counts and spun from similar material.
It has also been attempted to compensate for the stretching of the yarn as the
drag increases by altoring the speed of the rollers relatively to each other, and also
relatively to the spindles. Now according to my Invention I obviate the unduo
stretching or straining of the yarn by automatic variation in the speed of the entire
frame, such variation being in accord with the increasing or decreasing diameter of
the cop or bobbin that is built or formed; thus the change in the drag or strain upon
the yarn due to the traveller is compensated by causing the traveller to have its
smallest resistance or friction upon the ring when the yarn is being wound upon
the smallest diameter of the bobbin or cop, and at the same time that it has its
greatest drag or strain; and also by causing the traveller to have an increased and
increasing resistanco or friction upon the ring when the yarn is being wound upon
an increased and increasing diameter of tho bobbin or cop, and at the same time
that it has a decreased and decreasing drag or strain. For these purposes I use a
differential motion arranged to oporate in conjunction with the traverse motion
whereby the ring rail is raised and lowered.
Any suitable differential motion may be employed.
According to one plan I use cone pulleys so arranged as that the power employed
for driving the frame may be transmitted through them.
The strap or belt by which motion is communicated from one cone pulley to the
other passes between the arms of a fork or strap guide affixed to the extremity of a
rod or bar whose other extremity is connected to a chain passing over a carrying
pulley from which is suspended one end of a lever, constituting the traverso motion.
The lever or traverse motion actuates the ring rail, the latter being caused to rise
and fall by the pressure of a cam which performs one revolution for each lift of the
rail.
If desirable a separate lover or motion may be employed to actuate the belt on
the cone pulleys. Apparatus is provided at that end of the lever to which the
chain communicating with the cone pulleys is attached for forming the bobbin or
cop in a cone shape similar to mule cops. The arrangement of parts is such that as
the ring rail rises and the diameter of the cone-shaped layers of yarn in a line with
the traveller decreases, the belt on the cone pulleys will be gradually moved by the
strap guide so as to gradually reduce the speed of the frame until the top or small part
of the cone is reached, and when the ring rail descends the speed of the frame will
be gradually increased until the lower or largest part of the cone is reached, and so
on during each traverse of the ring rail.
Balance weights are provided for ensuring a corresponding to-and-fro motion
between the ring rail (moving vertically), and the strap guide and belt (moving
horizontally).
Provision is also made for the adjustment of parts; and the alteration of speeds
may be readily performed.
By slight modifications of the apparatus bobbins may be constructed in a parallel
form, similar to those produced in roving frames, the belt on the cone pullies being
so altered in its position at each lift and descent of the rail as to increase the speed 5
of the frame as the diameter of the bobbin grows larger.
The advantages resulting from the variable driving will be apparent to practical
spinners. By its employment a yarn may be produced having no more twist or
turns than is requisite or desirable, so that not only may warp or twist yarns be
spun on ring frames, but also yarn suitable for weft purposes. The yarn may also 5
be spun in such form and shape as will allow of its being used in the same form and
style of shuttle as used for ordinary mule weft.
=

page_text: A further advantage resulting from the employment of the variable driving is
that the yarn may, if found desirable, be wound upon a bobbin of very small
diameter as compared with those now in use, or upon a paper tube, or even directly
upon the blade of the spindle itself.
Weft cops may be spun upon paper tubes of so small a size as to conveniently
allow of their being used in an ordinary shuttle in the same way as weft cops spun
on mules.
It will be evident that apparatus may be constructed in various forms to operato
upon the principle of my Invention, as herein above set forth, for obviating undue
stretching or straining of the yarn by the application of differential gear to operato
in conjunction with the traverse motion so as to automatically vary the speed of the
entire frame as the diameter of cop or bobbin varios, as described.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Robert Grime in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 11th June
1878.
ROBERT GRIME, of Preston, in the County of Lancaster, Cotton Spinner.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR SPINNING AND DOUBLING
COTTON, WOOL, AND OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS."
This Invention relates to improvements in machinery or apparatus for spinning
and doubling cotton, wool, and other fibrous materials, and has reference to that
class of spinning and doubling machinery known as ring and traveller throstles.
It is well known that the drag or strain upon the yarn caused by the traveller
during the process of spinning or doubling varies according not only to the
diameter of the bobbin or cop upon which the yarn is being wound, but also with
the speed at which the traveller itself revolves. In other words, as respects the
bobbin, the strain is greatest when winding upon a small diameter, such as the
spindle itself or on an empty spool or bobbin, and least when winding upon the largest
diameter of a cop or bobbin of yarn, and as respects the traveller the resistance
or friction of the traveller upon the ring increases and decreases with the speed of
revolution, a slow speed of the traveller giving light resistance or friction, and a
faster or fast speed giving increased resistance or friction.
In ordinary ring frames, which heretofore have been almost exclusively employed
for doubling and the production of warp or twist yarn, the spindles and rollers are
driven at one uniform speed from the commencement of the bobbins or cops until
the same attain their full size, and so far as I know it has hitherto been found
impracticable with such ring frames to spin weft yarns (in which there is much
less twist than in warp or twist yarns) on account of the variable strain upon the
yarn and the frequent breakages resulting therefrom. To overcome this difficulty,

page_text: even when spinning warp or twist yarns upon ring frames, it is a common practise
to put more twist in ring yarn than is absolutely required, or than is usually put in
mule yarn of similar counts and spun from similar material.
It has also been attempted to compensate for the stretching of the yarn as the
drag increases by altering the speed of the rollers relatively to each other, and also
relatively to the spindles. Now according to my Invention I obviate the undue
stretching or straining of the yarn by automatic variation in the speed of the
entire fraine, such variation being in accord with the increasing or decreasing
diameter of the cop or bobbin that is built or formed. Thus the change in the
drag or strain upon the yarn due to the traveller is compensated by causing the
traveller to have its smallest resistance or friction upon the ring when the yarn is
being wound upon the smallest diameter of the bobbin or cop, and at the same
time that it has its greatest drag or strain; and also by causing the traveller to
have an increased and increasing resistance or friction upon the ring when the yarn
is being wound upon an increased and increasing diameter of the bobbin or cop,
and at the same time that it has a decreased and decreasing drag or strain. For
these purposes I use a differential traverse motion arranged to operato in con-
junction with the ordinary traverse motion, whereby the ring rail is raised and
lowered.
Any suitable apparatus for producing variable speeds may be employed.
According to one plan I use cone pulleys (in conjunction with a differential
tiaverso motion) so arranged as that the power employed for driving the frame may
be transmitted through them.
In the accompanying Drawings,-
Fig. 1 is a side view, Fig. 2 a plan, and Fig. 3 an end view of an arrangement of
cone pulleys and differential traverse motion for imparting a variable speed to a
ing spinning frame according to my Invention.
Figs. 4 and 5 are respectively a side view and plan of the differential traverse
motion drawn to a larger scale, so that its construction and mode of action may be
better understood.
Fig. 6 is an enlarged view showing the shape of the bobbin referred to in the
accompanying description of apparatus.
Figs. 7 and 8 (of which c represents the spindle, & the ring, and e the traveller)
illustrate the action of a small and large diameter of bobbin respectively upon the
traveller, showing how the drag upon the yarn increases or decreases according to
the decreasing or increasing diameter of the bobbin.
In Figs. 1, 2, and 3, 1 and 2 are a pair of cono pulleys arranged above an
ordinary ring spinning frame. Motion is communicated to the cone pulley 2 from
the main driving pulley 3 and from the cone pulley 2 to the cone pulley 1 through
the cross belt 4 which passes between the arms of forks or strap guides 5 affixed
to the rods or bars 6, 6. The rods or bars 6 move in a line parallel to the adjacent
faces of the cone pulleys 1 and 2 through bearings 7,7 8, 8, are sockets, into
which the rods 6 are fastened at one end. The sockets 8 fit loosely on the cross
shaft so as to be free to slide thereupon. 10, 10, are rods mounted in bear-
ings 11, 11, attached at one end to the cross shaft 9, and provided at their other
ends with toothed racks 12 gearing into the wheels 13. The wheels 13 are carried
upon the shaft 14 by which they are rotated, their direction of rotation causing the
strap guides or forks 5, and with them the belt 4, to move to and fro on the cono
pulleys 1 and 2.
It will be evident that if the belt 4 be moved towards the small end of the cone
pulley 1 the speed of the pulley 15 will be increased, and that if moved in the
opposite direction, that is to say, to the large end of the cone pulley 1 the speed of
the pulley 15 will be decreased A belt 16 from the pulley 15 passes over a pair
of carrier or swing pulleys 17 to the driving pulley 18 of the ring frame below.
19 is an ordinary traverse motion attached to the rocking shaft 20. The
traverse motion 19 rises and falls at each revolution of the cam 21, and imparts

page_text: the up-and-down motion or filt to the ring rau 22 by means of the usual chain and
pulley arrangement which causes the ring rail 22 to ascend when the traverse
motion 19 descends, and vice versa
23 is the differential traverse motion, shewn enlarged at Figs. 4 and 5; it is
pivotted at 24, and has an up-and-down movement corresponding with that of the
ordinary traverse motion 19, with which it is connected by the rod 25 and
lover 20 attached to the rocking or traverse motion shaft 20. 27 is a chain passing
to a carrier or friction pulley 28 and thence to the pulley or disc 29, thereby con-
necting the differential traverse motion 23 with the shaft 14.
Balance weights 30 and 31 are provided for ensuring a corresponding to-and-fro
motion between the ring rail 22 (moving vertically) and the strap guides 5 and
belt 4 (moving horizontally).
It will be observed that as the ordinary traverse motion 19 descends (thereby
causing the ring rail 22 to ascend, and therefore to bring the traveller opposite a
decreasing diameter of bobbin) the differential traverse motion 23 will also descend
and pull down the chain 27, thus causing the shaft 14 to rotate the wheels 13, and
thereby to move the rods 10 and 6, the strap guides 5, and the belt 4 towards the
larger end of the cone pulley 1. Thus the speed of the driving pulley 15, and
consequently of the frame, will be gradually reduced until the traveller comes
opposite the top or amallest diameter of the cone-shaped bobbin (see a, Fig. 6),
whereupon the ring rail will begin to descend, and the direction of rotation of the
wheels 13 being reversed the strap guides 5 and belt 4 will move towards the
small end of the cone pulley 1, thus gradually increasing the speed of the frame
until the travoller comes opposite the largest diameter of the bobbin or base of the
cone (see b, Fig 6), and so on at each succeeding rise and fall of the ring rail.
I will now describe the construction and action of the differential traverse
motion 23, illustrated at Figs. 4 and 5. 32 is an oblong box or frame pivotted at
24, having slots 33 through each of its longer sides, through which passes a spindlo
or barrel 34, and to the latter is attached one end of the chain 27 (see Figs. 1, 2,
and 3). The spindle rotates in bearings 35, these bearings being portions or arms
of a nut 36, which travels in the direction of the length of the box upon a screw 37.
At the outer end of the screw 37 is a catch wheel 38, actuated by a pawl 39, jointed
on the arm 40. Upon one end of the spindle or barrel 34 is a toothed wheel 41,
gearing into the fixed rack 42; and upon the other end of the spindle or barrel is a
disc or collar 43. 44 is a jointed lever, arranged so that when the disc or collar 43
comes in contact with its upper edge its opposite extremity 45 will be raised so as
to lift the pawl 39 out of action.
The action of the apparatus is as follows:-At the commencement of a "fresh set "
of bobbins the nut 36 is wound back by means of a handle applied to the outer
extremity 46 of the screw 37, until the disc or collar 43 comes in contact with the
adjustable stop 47. The rack 42 will cause the wheel 41 to rotate, and thereby
wind the chain 27 round the barrel or spindle 34, thus causing the strap guides 5
to be brought nearer to the larger or slower end of the cone pulley 1, so as to
accommodate the speed of the frame to the small diameter obtaining at the com-
mencement of the bobbins. The distance between the centre 24 and the spindle or
barrel 34 being shortened, it follows that the distance traversed to and fro by the
belt on the cone pulleys above will be correspondingly reduced. Thus the speed of
the frame whilst the first few layers of yarn are being wound upon the bobbin will
increase and decrease comparatively little, but the difference of speed will gradually
increase until the full diameter of the bobbin is attained, as herein-after described.
Affixed to the end of the frame is a stand or arm 48, which comes in contact with
the arm 40 carrying the pawl 39, actuating the catch wheel 38 each time the
differential traverse motion descends, thereby drawing the nut 36 further from the
centre 24, and at the same time unwinding the chain 27 from the spindle or barrel 34,
the former operation increasing the stroke or traverse of the strap guides 5, and the
latter causing such traverse or stroke to be performed at the smaller or quicker end
of the cone pulley 1, this increase and change of position of the traverso or stroke

page_text: on the cone pulleys continuing until the full diameter of the bobbin is attained, by
which time the disc or collar 43 will have come in contact with the lever 44, thereby
putting the pawl 39 and catch wheel 38 out of action. The length and position of
the traverse or stroke on the cone pulleys will then remain unaltered until the
bobbin attains its full size.
By slight modifications of the apparatus, which will be sufficiently obvious with-
out further description, bobbins may be constructed in a parallel form, similar to
those produced in roving frames, the belt on the cone pulleys being so altered in its
position at each lift and descent of the rail as to increase the speed of the frame as
the diameter of the bobbin grows larger.
The advantages resulting from the variable driving will be apparent to practical
spinners. By its employment the drag or strain of the traveller on the yarn may
be so regulated that a yarn may be produced having no more twists or turns than
is requisite or desirable, so that not only may warp or twist yarns be spun on
ring frames but also yarns suitable for weft purposes
A further advantage resulting from the employment of the variable driving is
that the yarn may, if found desirable, be wound upon a bobbin of very small
diameter as compared with those now in use, or upon a paper tube, or even directly
upon the blade of the spindle itself. Weft cops may be spun upon paper tubes of
so small a size as to conveniently allow of their being used in an ordinary shuttle
in the same way as weft cops spun on mules.
It will be evident that apparatus may be constructed in various forms to operate
upon the principle of my Invention, as herein-above set forth, for regulating the
drag or strain of the traveller upon the yarn, and thereby obviating undue stretching
or straining of the yarn by the application of differential gear for producing
variable speeds operating in conjunction with the ordinary traverse motion for
lifting the ring rail, or with a differential traverse motion so as to automatically
vary the speed of the entire frame as the diameter of cop or bobbin varies, as
described.
Having now described the nature of my said Invention, and the manner in which
I prefer to carry it into practical effect, I would have it understood that what I
consider to be novel and original, and therefore claim as secured to me by the
hercin-before in part recited Letters Patent is as follows (that is to say):-
1st. Automatically varying the speed of ring and traveller spinning and doubling
frames, substantially as described.
2nd. The constructing apparatus, substantially as herein-before described and
shewn in the Drawings, for the purpose specified.
In witness whereof, I, the said Robert Grime, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this Eighth day of June, in the year of our Lord One thousand
eight hundred and seventy-eight.
PAPRDA ADDE