Improvements in yuro-var.
Year: 1894

page_text: This Print is in accordance with the Original Specification as it stands after
Amendment (ander Section 18 of the Patents, &c., Act, 1883), as allowed by
the decision of the Comptroller General of the 22nd day of May 1897.
Improvements in yuro-var.
We, EDMUND WISEMAN, of Cheapside, Luton, in the County of Bedfordshire,
and JOHN HOLROYD, of 133, Croxted Road, West Dulwich, London, S.E.,
in the County of Middlesex, Engineers, do hereby declare the nature of this
invention to be as follows: :-
This invention relates to improvements in that class of hydro-carbon motors
either for land, or marine purposes generally consuming crude, heavy or light
hydro-carbon oils, as shown in Letters Patent, No. 7521 of 1888, and has for its
object, first, to produce a better combustible gaseous mixture or vapour, from
crude or heavy hydro-carbon oils or lighter hydro-carbon oils as may be required
by mixing such oils and aqueous vapour at suitable temperatures or pressures.
Second, to provide means for producing the aforesaid gaseous mixture and also
means for producing a gaseous mixture from lighter hydro-carbon oils and air
wholly or partially previous to its entrance into the combustion chamber of the
working cylinder. Third, to provide a Bunsen burner supplied by and used in
combination with an oil and gas generator for the purpose of heating a generator
formed on or in or applied to the combustion chamber of the working cylinder.
Fourth, the improved method of relighting the Buusen burner just referred to.
Fifth, to provide a bunsenised oil-gas blow pipe for producing initial heat for
starting the motor or for other purposes. Sixth, the improved method of accumu-
lating air for producing a supply of oil under pressure for the purpose of making
gas, and of air under pressure for starting and other purposes. Seventh, a special
method of providing an air blast at a suitable pressure, through the medium of a
water column acting upon and displacing a volume of air in an enclosed vessel or
reservoir, such air produced being afterwards used for invigorating a heavy
carbonaceous flame of a bunsenised lamp or blowpipe lamp. Eight, the con-
struction and application of an apparatus and various mechanical devices for
accurately measuring the liquid hydro-carbon to be vaporized. Ninth, an improved
method of governing hydro-carbon motors. Tenth, improved mechanism for
altering the time of the air valve for starting purposes.
In carrying out our invention we employ one or more working cylinders, say
one, which is water jacketted and properly secured to a base plate or bed which
may form or be adapted to receive an oil tank for storage. A piston moving
freely in the said cylinder is connected by a rod to a crank shaft, to which is
attached a fly wheel. The combustion chamber of the working cylinder is provided
with certain ports and passages and valves for the purpose of permitting the

page_text: entrance of the combustible gases previous to their combustion. After work has
been given off and motion imparted to the piston, the residual gases are allowed to
pass outwards, through an exhaust valve, which is suitably placed, receiving its
motion from any moving part of the motor.
At the end of the working cylinder is provided a gas generator which may be
of any suitable shape and is formed by the walls of the combustion chamber and its
surrounding parts or compartiments or their equivalent which may have ribs cast
on or attached to same. Heat resulting from successive explosions and combustion
of the gases is picked up by the walls of the said combustion chamber and its
surrounding parts or compartments and is then given back at a suitable temperature
for the production of the gaseous mixture used for each combustible charge. The
gaseous mixture thus made being in close proximity to the combustion chamber is
thus superheated and not allowed to be lowered in temperature thus avoiding
condensation, and may be used for igniting and other purposes, i.e. starting, as well
as driving the motor by impregnating the cylinder with a suitable quantity of the
gaseous mixture so prepared with air, at ordinary temperatures or heated if
necessary and under pressure if desirable. The gas thus made is dry and evolves
a very light hydro-carbon spirit, which immediately reaches the point of ignition
by a sudden increase of temperature due to compression, thus igniting the whole
body of the combustible mixture in the combustion chamber and subsequently
giving off work on the piston. This gaseous mixture may if necessary be used
in the body of a slide valve, plug or its equivalent, containing a pilot light or may
be used in a muffle for externally heating a tube for igniting purposes. By
preference the aforesaid generator consists of a rectangular metallic box suitably
secured to the end of the working cylinder and having three compartments. One
of the said compartments forms the combustion chamber or a part of the same and
is in direct communication with the interior of the working cylinder. The com-
partment nearest to the combustion chamber and which acts as a vaporizing and
superheating chamber is formed with a tortuous or winding passage or a series of
the same, which receives heat from the combustion chamber and surrounding parts
and gives an increased heating surface for the purpose of vaporizing and super-
heating the gaseous mixture. Next to the last named compartment is an air
heating chamber which is in communication with the atmosphere and has internally
a tortuous or winding air passage or a series of the same in communication with a
hydro-carbon oil conduit, connected to a measuring apparatus hereinafter more
fully described, and both of which terminate near one place so as to commingle the
air with the oil, both of which are heated and prepared by heat given off from
the adjacent or surrounding parts previous to their being conveyed through a port
or valve into the said vaporizing or superheating chamber.
The gas generator may in the first instance be heated externally to the required
temperature by a lamp or other means hereinafter referred to, for which purpose
a suitable part, externally of the generator or combustion chamber, may if desired
be formed with ribs, or their equivalents which are subjected to the action of a
flame or other source of heat until the desired temperature is reached when the
generator becomes in some cases either partially or entirely independent of the
extraneous heat and the lamp may be lowered, or removed if desired. Provision
is also made for relighting the Bunsen burner and gas generator combined to
prepare for stoppages by drawing off a portion of the combustible charge and
bunsenising the same.
The aforesaid Bunsen burner and gas generator combined which we may employ
for heating the exterior of the part of the aforesaid box forming the generator
and combustion chamber of the working cylinder or a part thereof cousists, so far
as the gas generator is concerned, principally of two cylindrical parts fitting into
each other, preferably conical formed with a groove or grooves between the two
faces of the said parts, the hydro-carbon oil being suitably introduced into the said
groove or grooves and being either forced under air pressure or allowed to gravitate
through the same. In order to vaporize the hydro-carbon oil whilst passing

page_text: through the said groove or grooves the said generator, which is combined with the
Bunsen burner, is subjected to the action of a flame burning through its centre
which gasifies the hydro-carbon oil, and the gas thus produced is conveyed to a
et playing into an air tube whereby the vapour is bunsenised as will be readily
understood. As soon as the apparatus becomes sufficiently heated the flame may
be withdrawn as the apparatus then acts automatically.
As a heating medium for the aforesaid generator combined with a Bunsen
burner we preferably employ a bunsenised oil-gas blow pipe which is also
applicable to other purposes and may be made portable or otherwise. It may
also be employed for heating direct the combustion chamber and generator of
the working cylinder. As in the case of the before described Bunsen burner
and gas generator combined we employ two cylindrical parts, fitting into each
other, preferably conical, formed with a groove or grooves between the faces of
the said parts, (the hydro-carbon oil being suitably introduced into the said
groove or grooves and being either forced under pressure or allowed to gravitate
through the same) and of a vaporizing dish, and a cover having an aperture or
apertures for the admission of air suitably arranged and enclosing a perforated
tube or jet piece of a suitable shape, the latter being connected to the aforesaid
The vaporizing dish is suitably
grooved parts in any well known manner.
supported and arranged in connection with an air jet and pipe similar to a
blow pipe.
The special means used for providing a better and more perfect combustible
vapour from crude or heavy liquid hydro-carbon oils, consists in using a smaller
proportion of air in conjunction with aqueous vapour made from water at a
suitable temperature and formed in one or more heating chambers or vessels.
These chambers or vessels may be made with either one or more parts one
inside the other and forming one or more compartments with projections between
the same if desired, the latter being either cast on or affixed. One or more of the
compartments thus formed receives cold or hot water from the jacket of the
working cylinder or other available source, where it is subjected to the heat of
the residual gases from the exhaust (previous to their final discharge into the
atmosphere) for the purpose of producing the aqueous vapour aforesaid. Such
heat may if desired be still further supplemented externally by the action of a
flame or any other means. In lieu of the said wat heating chambers or com-
partments, a coil may be used through which the water to be vaporized for the
purpose aforesaid is passed, or we may pass the exhaust gases through a coil thus
We also provide a
heating a water chamber or chamber surrounding the same.
chamber or chambers made after the same manner as the aforesaid chambers for
the purpose of superheating the said aqueous vapour. The aqueous vapour thus
produced is suitably conveyed to the heating chamber of the generator where it is
intermingled with the hydro-carbon oil. By these means the nitrogen always
existing under ordinary conditions of atmospheric air and which is an incombustible
gas is substituted by a corresponding volume of oxygen and hydrogen which
renders the excess of carbon always found in heavy hydro-carbon oils more easily
consumed.
power.
The measuring device may be formed of a disc, which receives its motion from
any moving part of the motor and has suitable concentric chambers, of a capacity
equal to the maximum quantity of liquid hydro-carbon used when working at full
The said disc is constructed and caused to move between two metallic
faces, which are also provided with certain ports and passages, for the inlet and
outlet of the liquid hydro-carbon and also a vent or other passage and air tube
placed so as to communicate with corresponding grooves which lead to the
atmosphere during the period of the suction stroke of the piston when drawing the
combustible vapour into the working cylinder. For the same purpose we may
5 substitute another device consisting of a small oscillating cylinder with a plunger
moving in it driven by a crank-pin, and pivoted on conical surfaces having holes
or passages formed therein for the inlet and outlet of the liquid hydro-carbon.

page_text: This device may be actuated from any moving part of the motor and like the
other device works whether immersed in the liquid or not as required.
We also provide means for accumulating air for providing a supply of oil under
pressure for the purpose of making gas (such oil being contained in a suitable tank
or vessel) and for supplying air under pressure for starting and other purposes
consisting of one or more air chambers of any required capacity, preferably cast
in or forming part of the base, with suitable passages, valves, and regulating taps
interposed; such air volume being tapped off in suitable quantities from the working
cylinder.
We also provide means to form a slight air pressure, for the purpose of
intensifying a heavy carbonaceous flame of a lamp, or Bunsen burner, the heat
from which is utilized in the generator and combustion chamber of the working
cylinder previously mentioned. This air pressure is obtained by a water column.
For marine purposes this water column is preferably caused to pass from an
upper vessel through a regulating tap and into a reservoir containing air. The
pressure so caused by the influx of water due to its respective column or its
equivalent head or pressure displaces the air and thus sets up an increase of
pressure which is available for rendering the lamp more perfect in its combustion.
For land purposes the said air compression may be caused in a chamber suitably
weighted and allowed to move in a tank containing water and provided with a pipe
leading to the said air chamber and the lamp or burner. This lamp is used in the
same manner as the lamp or bunsenised blow pipe before described.
We also arrange to utilize the compressed air in combination with the gaseous
mixture and Bunsen burner and gas generator combined and permitting the same
to pass into the working cylinder and to be subsequently ignited for starting
purposes through the action of the heated tube or any modification of the same.
The improvements described are applicable to any type of hydro-carbon motors,
and may be provided with a suitable reversing gear formed by having stop pieces
and hand wheels, in order to move the cams and mechanism which give motion to
the combustible charge valves and the exhaust valves in relation to the motion of
the crank and fly wheel respectively.
The improved method of governing hydro-carbon motors referred to consists in
lifting the exhaust valve off its seat during the waste stroke of the motor, when not
receiving an impulse during the working stroke, by operating or controlling a filling
piece or lever in connection with the exhaust valve.
We also provide means for altering the adjustment of the mechanism operating
the air-valve so as to lift the latter at a suitable time for starting purposes. The
adjustment may be made either while the motor is at rest or in operation.
וית
1
F. BOSSHARDT & Co.,
Agents to Applicants.
We, ЕDиUND WISEMAN, of Cheapside, Luton, in the County of Bedfordshire,
and JOHN HOLROYD, of 133, Croxted Road, West Dulwich, London, S.E.,
in the County of Middlesex, Engineers, do hereby declare the nature of this
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
'described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
This invention relates to improvements in that class of hydro-carbon motors
consuming crude, heavy or light bydro-carbon oils; as shown in Patent No. 7521
of 1888 of which we are the registered owners and which may be used either for

page_text: land or marine purposes and has for its objects, the production of a better com-
bustible mixture or vapour from crude or heavy, hydro-carbon oils or light
hydro-carbon oils as may be required by mixing such oils and aqueous vapour at
suitable temperatures or pressures; to provide means for producing the aforesaid
gaseous mixture and also means for producing a gaseous mixture from lighter
bydro-carbon oils and air previous to its entrance into the combustion chamber of
the working cylinder; to provide a Bunsen burner supplied by and used in
combination with an oil gas generator for the purpose of heating a generator
formed on or applied to the combustion chamber of the working cylinder; an
improved method of re-lighting the Bunsen burner just referred to; to provide a
bunsenised oil-gas blow pipe for producing initial heat for starting the motor or for
other purposes; the improved method of accumulating air a uler pressure for
starting and other purposes; a special method of providing an air blast at a
suitable pressure through the medium of a water column acting upon and displacing
a volume of air in an enclosed vessel or reservoir, such air blast being used for
invigorating a heavy carbonaceous flame of a bunsenised lamp or blowpipe; the
construction and application of apparatus and mechanical devices for accurately
mensuring the liquid hydro-carbon to be vaporised; an improved method of
governing hydro-carbon motors; and improved mechanism for altering the time
of the air valve for starting purposes.
And in order that our invention may be more fully understood we have caused
to be appended hereunto four sheets of drawings marked with letters of reference
indicating like parts in the various figures.
Fig. 1, Sheet I, is a longitudinal section, Fig. 2 a plan, Fig. 3 an end view,
Fig. 4 a sectional view, and Fig. 5, Sheet II, a side view of our improved hydro-
carbon motor.
In carrying out our invention. and referring to Sheets I & II we employ one or
more working cylinders, say one, on annexed drawing marked a, which is water
jacketted and properly secured to a base plate or bed b which may form or be
adapted to receive tanks c, c' for the storage of hydro-carbon oil and air or gaseous
mixture respectively. A piston d moving freely in the cylinder a is connected by
The combustion
a rode to a crank shaft f, to which is attached a flywheel g.
chamber a' of the working cylinder a is provided with the port or passage a² aud
valve a' for the purpose of permitting the entrance of the combustible gases previous
to their combustion. After work has been given off and motion imparted to the
piston d, the residual gases are allowed to pass outwards, through the exhaust
valve at operated from any moving part of the motor say by a cam fixed on the
lay-shaft and by a lever ².
In the Patent No. 7521 of 1888 hereinbefore referred to, the combustible
charge is generated by passing hydro-carbon oil along a spiral passage in com-
munication with a hot air chamber and enclosed vessel which are subjected to the
action of a Buusen or other burner whereby the said bydro-carbon oil is vaporised.
the said burner being used principally when starting the motor.. This gas generator
which is practically one with and is heated by the walls of the combustion chamber
or surrounding parts at the back end of the working cylinder, the same not being
water-jacketted, is employed in connection with annular chambers (also forming
part of the walls of the combustion chambers in one of which the gaseous vapour
was further superheated and vaporised, thus preventing condensation) for the
purpose of utilising the heat from the combustion of the charge for the vaporisation
of the hydro-carbon oil without continuous use of the burner, the charge thus
generated being ignited by a heated tube or its equivalent if desired.
In lieu of the gas generator just described we employ at the end of the working
cylinder a, a gas generator i which may be of any suitable shape within the scope
of our invention, and is formed by the walls of the combustion chamber (or more
precisely an extension of the combustion chamber) and the surrounding or adjacent
parts or compartments or their equivalent, the latter being preferably cast ou
the said extension of the combustion chamber. Heat resulting from successive

page_text: explosions and combustion of the gases is picked up by the walls of the extended
combustion chamber and the surrounding or adjacent parts or compartments and is
then given back at a suitable temperature for the production of the gaseous
mixture used for each combustible charge.
By preference our improved generator i consists of a metallic box suitably
secured to the end of the working cylinder a and having three compartments i, 2, 3.
The compartment i¹ forms an extension or part of the combustion chamber a¹
and is in direct communication with the interior of the working cylinder a.
The
compartment next to the extended combustion chamber acts as a vaporising
and super heating chamber and forms a tortuous or winding passage (or a series of
the same) which receives heat from the extended combustion chamber and
adjacent or surrounding parts and gives an increased heating surface for the
purpose of vaporizing and super heating the gaseous mixture. The compartment ³
next to the last named one is an air heating chamber into which hot or cold air is
suitably introduced, which chamber forms also a tortuous or winding passage (or a
series of same) in communication with the vaporising and superheating chamber i².
The chambers, , communicate with a hydro-carbon oil conduit k connected to a
measuring apparatus, hereinafter more fully described. The said air heating chamber
is also heated by the adjacent or surrounding parts of the extended combustion
chamber. Air admitted into the chamber through opening or pipe a, Fig. 2,
is highly heated by passing through its winding passage until it reaches the
opening or port (or a valve) communicating with the vaporising chamber
beneath. At this point a supply of hydro-carbon oil is introduced through the
conduit (and a valve ¹ if desired) and commingled with the superheated air both
entering together the tortuous or winding passage of the vaporising chamber
where they are vaporised and superheated, and where the gaseous mixture thus
prepared is stored, for use in suitable quantities for the charge and other purposes
connected with the motor.
It will be seen that the two compartments or chambers and are practically
one long winding passage disposed as a tier (or row above row) forming part of or
in intimate union or close contact with the extended combustion chamber i¹, and
surrounding or adjacent parts, and for the purpose of conductivity being preferably
cast onto the same. It will also be understood that the hydro-carbon oil valve k¹ and
port or inlet to the generator i may be placed at any suitable part of the tortuous
or winding passage. The gaseous mixture thus made being in close proximity to
the combustion chamber a¹ and its extension is thus superheated and maintained
at a suitable temperature, thus avoiding condensation, and may be used for igniting
and other purposes, i.e. starting as well as driving the motor, by impregnating the
cylinder with a suitable quantity of the gaseous mixture so prepared with air at
ordinary temperatures or heated if necessary and under pressure if desirable. The
gas thus made is dry and evolves a very light hydro-carbon spirit which immediately
reaches the point of ignition by a sudden increase of temperature due to com-
pression, thus igniting the whole body of the combustible mixture in the combustion
chamber a and subsequently giving off work on the piston d. This gaseous
mixture may if desired be used in the body of a slide valve, plug, or its equivalent,
containing a pilot-light or may be used in a muffle for externally heating a tube
for starting and igniting purposes. When using the said gaseous mixture for
driving the motor, a portion of the same is drawn by the action of the piston d
into the combustion chamber a' through the charge inlet valve a³ (or valves) and
port or passage a² and in conjunction with air from the main air supply port or
valve a drawn into the working cylinder a is compressed, ignited and re-expanded
and gives off useful work on the piston d as is well understood. The charge inlet
valve a is operated by a lever fixed upon a rocking shaft having a lever k
operated by a cam on the lay shaft ; the said lever * also operates the
hydro-carbon oil valve k¹.
We have found in practice that for the purpose of preventing accumulations and
fouling and of sustaining a more equable and higher temperature throughout the

page_text: combustion chamber a' and its extended portion, and thus securing a more per-
fect vaporisation within the vaporising chamber that it is of advantage to
admit a portion of the charge at or near the end of such extended portion of
the combustion chamber a¹ for instance by a passage ix (or passages) and an
auxiliary valve (or valves) leading to the vaporising chamber and the
extension of combustion chamber a' the said auxiliary valve or valves operating
at about the same time as the ordinary charge inlet valve a' by a lever
actuated by a rod from the rocking shaft ³.
We may also if desirable employ, in combination with above, two or more
ordinary charge inlet valves, in lieu of the one ordinarily used.
In lieu of dividing the combustible charge as described we may sometimes draw
heated air or aqueous vapour from any suitable source through the extension i¹
into the combustion chamber a' in which case, the valve shown in Fig. 1 would
be substituted by the one shown in Fig. 6 Sheet II, in side elevation.
The main air inlet valve a³ is operated in the usual manner by a lever and cam
arrangement. However instead of using one cam only we employ secured upon
the lay shaft h two cams l, of different form and time adapted to operate upon a
bowl arranged to be adjusted laterally on the main valve lever 3 for instance by
means of a pin 4, whereby the said bowl can be brought into the path of either of
the said cams and thus the time of operation of the air valve a' be altered at will
to facilitate the starting of the motor. The said adjustment may be made whilst
the motor is in operation or at rest.
The gas generator described may in the first instance be heated externally to the
required temperature by a lamp or other means hereinafter referred to and if
desired a suitable part externally of the generator or extended combustion
chamber may be formed with ribs or their equivalents, as shown in Fig. 5 in
dotted lines, to which ribs the hereinafter mentioned gas generator and Bunsen
burner combined may be suitably attached. When the desired temperature is
reached the lamp or other source of heat may be removed or lowered if desired as
the generator and motor become then independent of extraneous heat and will work
automatically developing full power.
For sustaining the gas generator i and combustion chamber extension i¹ at the
required temperature after the motor has been started when running light, we
employ a Bunsen burner and gas generator combined, shown in Figs. 7 & 8, in
clevation and plan respectively, which consists so far as the gas generator is
concerned, principally of two tubular parts m, mit fitting into each other,
preferably conically formed with a groove m (or grooves) between the two
faces of the said parts, the hydro-carbon oil being suitably introduced into the
said groove (or grooves) say by the pipe m³ and valve m either by pressure or
gravitation through the same from a suitably positioned supply tank.
In order to vaporise the hydro-carbon oil while passing through the groove m²
(or grooves) the said generator is combined with a Bunsen burner m³ the flame of
which plays through the middle of the generator thus heating the same and
gasifying the hydro-carbon oil, and the gas, thus produced is conveyed to a jet-
piece formed at the extension of m playing into the tube m³ whereby the vapour
is bunsenised as will be readily understood.
A portion of the gas made by the Bunsen burner and gas generator combined
may be introduced into the gas generator i say for instance by a pipe m³ connected
with the cone m¹ as shown in order to facilitate an earlier start with the motor.
To prepare for stoppages and restarting and to facilitate re-lighting the said
Bunsen burner and gas generator combined, we attach the latter lettered m, and m' to
the gas generator i in the manner shewn in Fig. 5, so that when the hydro-carbon oil
is introduced into the passage m² by opening the regulating valve m², it is, by
reason of the heat received by conduction, gasified, when the Bunsen burner may
be relighted for the purpose of sustaining heat in the gas generator i as previously
described.
As a heating medium for the generator m, m', we preferably employ a bunsenised

page_text: oil-gas blow pipe which is also applicable to other purposes connected with the
hydro-carbon motor and may be suitably attached to same and which may also be
employed for heating the extended combustion chamber and generator i of the
working cylinder direct. The said bunsenised oil-gas blow pipe consists of a gas
generator formed of two tubular cylindrical parts, m, m', see Fig. 9, elevation
partly in section, fitting into each other, preferably conical and formed with a
groove m (or grooves) between the faces of the said parts into which groove
hydro-carbon oil is suitably introduced either by pressure or gravitation as illus-
trated in Fig. 7, where pipe with inlet m³ and regulating valve m' leads to said
groove from which the said hydro-carbon oil is conveyed by the passage m' to a
jet ring n employed in a vaporising dish n¹ having a cover n with an aperture or
apertures n³ for the admission of air the said cover forming a part of the generator.
cone m. Over the said jet ring is employed in the vaporising dish n'a deflector n*
for the purpose of building up the flame, and the vaporising dish itself is suitably
supported, say by cross shaped arms n' and arranged in connection with an air-jet
pipe n similar to a blow pipe. As soon as the gas generator for the gas generator
and Bunsen burner combined is sufficiently heated by the action of the flame of the
bunsenised oil-gas blow pipe, the latter is withdrawn, the burner is attached and a
light applied and a regulating tap and regulating needle being adjusted the generator
and Bunsen burner combined work automatically. A portion of the gas made by
the bunsenised oil-gas blow pipe, may be introduced into the gas generator i say
for instance by a pipe n' connected at n³ to the cone m¹ in order to facilitate an
earlier start with the motor.
The special means used for providing a better and more perfect combustible
vapour from crude or heavy liquid hydrocarbon oils, consists in using a smaller
proportion of air in conjunction with aqueous vapour made from water at a
suitable temperature and formed in one or more heating chambers or vessels.
These chambers or vessels may be made either in one or more parts, one inside the
other and forming one or more compartments with projections between the same if
desired, the latter being either cast on or affixed.
Fig. 10 is a side view and Fig. 11 a plan showing one form of chambers or
vessels for producing aqueous vapour. o is the inner vessel formed with ribs on
the sides and bottom and secured into an outer vessel o¹ in such a manner that a
chamber o² will be formed between the same. The inner vessel o receives through
the inlet o cold or hot water from the jacket of the working cylinder or other
available source, where it is subjected to the heat of the residual gases from the
exhaust (previous to their final discharge into the atmosphere) the said gases being
introduced into the chamber of by the inlet of and leaving same at o'. Such heat
may if desired be still further supplemented externally by the action of a flame
or any other means.
In lieu of the said water heating chambers or compartments a coil may be used
through which the water to be vaporised for the purpose aforesaid is passed, or we
may pass the exhaust gases through a coil thus heating a water chamber or
chambers surrounding the same as will be readily understood.
We may also provide a chamber or chambers made after the same manner as the
aforesaid chambers for the purpose of superheating the said aqueous vapour. The
aqueous vapour thus produced is suitably conveyed to the heating chamber of the
generator i where it is intermingled with the hydro-carbon oil.
Fig. 12 is a vertical section and Fig. 13 a horizontal section of a disc shaped
measuring device which is immersed in a hydro-carbon oil tank and may receive
rotary motion from any moving part of the motor. The said device consists of a
disc p formed with two concentric chambers p' of a capacity equal to the maximum
quantity of liquid hydro-carbon used when working at full power and caused to
move between two metallic faces, viz., a base plate pl and a cover plate p³ the said
disc being secured upon a shaft p mounted in the base plate pl and cover plate
which latter is held in position by studs and springs . The chambers are
.timed to operate in conjunction with ports and passages p³, p'; p³ serving for the

page_text: the gas
inlet and p for the outlet of the liquid hydro-carbon, the latter being suitably
brought into communication with the vaporising chamber of
generator i. A vent or other passage p³ is formed in the plate p³ and communicates
with a tube po fixed upon the cover plate på and leading to the atmosphere through
the medium of a regulating tap, the chambers p passing successively underneath
the said passage during the period of the suction stroke of the piston through the
medium of tube p when drawing the combustible vapour into the working
cylinder.
For the same purpose we may substitute the device shown in detail in Figs. 14
and 15 in elevation and plan respectively and as applied in the general views,
consisting of a small cylinder g having a plunger q' inside and a tubular part q
outside and adapted to be oscillatel on a pivot q by a crank pin g. The said
cylinder and tubular part are formed with a port or passage a adapted to operate
in conjunction with two ports q, q' in the pivot q³ the port serving for the inlet
and the port for the outlet of the liquid hydro-carbon, thus dispensing with the
valves used in ordinary practice. On the plunger q' is employed in connection with
the crank ping an adjustable block 8 by means of which the stroke of the
plunger q' and thus the amount of liquid hydro-carbon can be varied as required.
This device may be actuated from any moving part of the motor and worked either
immersed in the liquid or not as required.
We also provide means for accumulating and supplying air under pressure for
starting and other purposes, see Fig. 1 by the application to the working
cylinder a of a valve r and a pipe leading from the same to one or more air
chambers c¹ of any required capacity, preferably cast in or forming part of the
base b, with suitable passages, valves, and regulating taps interposed as will be
readily understood; such air volume being trapped off in suitable quantities from
the working cylinder.
of
We also provide meats to form a slight air pressure, for the purpose
intensifying a heavy carbonaceous flame of a lamp, or Bunsen burner, the heat
from which is utilised in the generator and extended combustion chamber of the
working cylinder previously mentioned. This air pressure is obtained by a water
column, Figs. 17, 18 and 19 being elevations of various forms of apparatus for the
said purpose.
In Fig. 17 this water column is preferably caused to pass from an upper vessel s
through a regulating tap and into a reservoir containing air, being the
outlet for the compressed air. The pressure so caused by the influx of water due
to its respective column or its equivalent head or pressure, as for instance town's
pressure or other water column, displaces the air in the reservoir and thus sets
up an increase of pressure which is available for rendering the lamp more perfect
in its combustion.
As shewn in Fig. 18 the said air compression may be obtained in a chambers
suitably weighted by weights or their equivalent, and allowed to move in a tank 8
containing water and provided with a pipe leading from the said air chambers to
the lamp or burner, air being permitted to pass into chamber by the inlet
valve s. As a modification of the last mentioned arrangement we employ two
vessels 83, see Fig. 19, containing water or other suitable liquid, connected
by pipes s, &, and having three way suction and delivery cocks 3, s, the lower
serving for suction. and the upper one for delivery, and inlet and outlet air
valves 8 and 8 respectively, and also suction and delivery valves (not shown)
0 operated in valve casing attached to a trunk plunger pumps and connected
by a rod to a crank & from which it receives its motion, the latter being
operated by hand or by any moving part of the motor, for the purpose of
interchanging the positions of the respective liquid and air volumes in the
vessels, the air so compressed being afterwards stored up in chamber cl
for the purpose of maintaining a resisting volume of air, 1st to be used for
the lamp or burner in the manner already explained. 2nd. The air compressed
as described we may pass into the working cylinder a (through certain ports
B

page_text: and a valve suitably timed and operated by a manual lever or any moving part
of the motor) for the purpose of expanding into the cylinder and impelling the
piston forward and thus starting the motor. 3rd. The air so compressed we may
also use in combination with a portion of the gaseous mixture produced by the
gas generator and Bunsen burner combined or by the Bunsenised oil-gas blow
pipe and passed into the working cylinder a, through certain ports and valves
as above mentioned and operated as described for starting purposes, and
subsequently ignited through the action of a heated tube, electric spark or its
equivalent as will be readily understood without illustration.
We may if desired store a suitable quantity of liquid hydro-carbon in chamber c¹
which may be afterwards utilised through a small pipe and regulating tap in
communication with m³ as shown in Fig. 7.
The improvements described are applicable to any type of hydro-carbon motors
and such motors may be provided with a reversing gear, as shown in elevation
in Fig: 16, and formed as follows:-
The bevel wheel t Figs. 2, 5 and 16 which receives motion from the bevel pinion t
on the crank shaft f we mount loosely on the lay shaft h¹ and furnish the same with a
stop piece Fig. 16 adapted to operate in conjunction with another stop piece t³
secured upon the lay shaft h¹. The latter is furnished with a hand wheel t* by
means of which, when it is desired to reverse the motor, the lay shaft and its
stop piece. are turned in advance of the motion of the bevel wheel t so that the
stop piece comes into contact with the opposite side of the stop piece t² whereby
the time of the cams on the lay shaft which operate the charge inlet, the air
inlet, the exhaust or other valves is altered in relation to the movement of the
piston and the motion of the motor is reversed.
In carrying out our improved method of goveruing bydro-carbon motors we cause
the exhaust valve a', see Sheets I & II, to remain off its seat during the waste
stroke of the motor, when not receiving an impulse or working stroke by means of
a filling piece or lever u controlled by the governor and adapted to prevent the
exhaust valve lever bowl u following its cam h, the filling piece or lever u being
suitably connected, say by a link to the governor lever u².
The method of governing hydro-carbon motors as described is specially
applicable in connection with the disc-like measuring device illustrated in
Figs. 12, & 13.
.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed we declare that what
we claim is:
1. The apparatus or gas generator i, having three compartments i¹³, cast in
one piece or formed in close contact with each other, the compartments forming
a tier of tortuous or winding passages which has heat imparted by conduction
from the compartment the compartment is serving for the heating of air and
the compartment for the vaporisation of the hydro-carbon oil and the mixing of
it with the heated air all substantially as set forth with reference to Figs. 1, 2
and 3.
2. In combination with the gas generator, specified in the preceding claims,
a valve communicating with the vaporising chamber and combustion chamber
or its extension whereby a portion of the combustible charge is diverted from
the vaporising chamber and admitted into the free end or extension of the
combustion chamber a¹, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.
3. In hydro-carbon motors a reservoir c¹ in combination with the working
cylinder a adapted to store air compressed into the said reservoir c' by the action
of the piston d by way of valve r and piper (said air being drawn through the
main inlet valve a') the air so compressed into the reservoir c¹ being afterwards
readmitted into the working cylinder a as required for starting and other purposes
connected with hydro-carbon motors substantially as set forth.
4. In combination with a hydro-carbon oil motor, a Bunsen burner and gas

page_text: generator combined consisting of two tubular parts m and in' one fitting into the
other and formed with a spiral groove m² between their faces communicating with
a hydro-carbon oil inlet m³ and regulating valve m' and hydro-carbon oil-gas outlet
and jet-piece in the outer part m' the latter being adapted to receive a
burner m and the inner part m the impact of a Bunsenised hydro-carbon oil flame,
all substantially as and for the purpose specified with reference to Fig³. 7 & 8.
5. In combination with a hydro-carbon oil motor, a Bunsenised oil-gas blow
pipe for heating directly or indirectly the extended combustion chamber and
generator i specified in Claim 1, consisting of two tubular parts m, m¹ one fitting
into the other and formed with a spiral groove m³ between their faces communicating
with a hydro-carbon oil inlet m³ and regulating valve m* and hydro-carbon oil-gas
outlet m the latter forming the branch piece of a jet-ring n enclosed in a vaporising
dish n', n below a deflector n the said vaporising dish and tubular parts being
employed concentrically, over a jet pipe n fed with compressed air which
commingles with the gas issuing from the jet pipe n, all substantially as set forth
with reference to Fig. 9.
6. In hydro-carbon oil motors obtaining an air pressure by means of a water
column for the purpose of intensifying a heavy carbonaceous flame of a lamp or
Bunsen burner the heat of which is utilized by a gas generator, all substantially as
set forth and shown in Figs. 17, 18 & 19.
7. In hydro-carbon motors, the employment of a measuring device consisting
of a cylinder y and plunger gl inside thereof adapted to oscillate on a pivot
formed with oil inlet and outlet 7 and 9' which serve for suction and delivery
respectively and communicate alternately with a port q leading to the barrel of
the said cylinder, the said inlet and outlet being respectively in communication with
a hydro-carbon oil supply tank and a feed regulating tap or valve k¹ the latter
being controlled by the action of the governor and communicating with the
vaporising chamber of the gas generator i all substantially as and for the
purpose set forth.
8. In hydro-carbon oil motors, the employment of a hydro-carbon oil supply
apparatus immersed in a hydro-carbon oil supply tank and consisting of a
disc p formed with concentric chambers p adapted to rotate between a bed
plate p and cover plate p³, the said bed plate being formed with inlet and
outlet pand p respectively and the said concentric chambers conveying
successively the hydro-carbon oil from the inlet ps to the outlet p from
whence it is drawn into the vaporising chamber by the suction of the piston d,
all substantially as set forth.
Dated this 10th day of April 1895.
F. BOSSHARDT & Co.,
4, Corporation Street, Manchester, Agents to Applicants.