Improvements in Ice Making and Refrigerating Apparatus for Domestic and other purposes.
Year: 1898

page_text: Date of Application, 2nd June, 1898
SIONAL DIEUIFICATION,
Improvements in Ice Making and Refrigerating Apparatus for
Domestic and other purposes.
I, HENRY JOSEPH WEST, of 29, Wiltshire Road, Brixton, in the County
of Surrey, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
In apparatus for making ice, ice creams, or for cooling substances or liquids by
means of chemical freezing mixtures, or rough ice and salt, the substances or
liquids to be cooled or frozen are contained in a mould or vessel placed within
another vessel or pan, and the freezing or cooling media are placed in the annular
space between the vessels. During the freezing operation a low temperature is
obtained, and it is consequently desirable that the outer vessel or pan should be
efficiently protected in a simple and convenient way against the absorption of
external heat from the atmosphere and surrounding bodies.
The object of my present invention is to provide improved means for protecting
such apparatus against the entrance of heat, by the employment of an insulating
air or vacuum chamber around the vessel or pan containing the freezing mixture,
whereby a lower temperature may be obtained, a saving of refrigerating materials
effected, and the maximum refrigerating results realized.
I construct my apparatus as follows:-The vessel is preferably cylindrical, and
may be of any suitable material, a cross section of the same showing three con-
centric cylinders, jars, or cans one within the other. The innermost compartment
or mould which is provided with a lid or cover, contains the substance or liquid to
be cooled or frozen, the annular space surrounding this, forms the compartment within
which is placed the freezing or cooling media and the outer annular space forms
the insulating air chamber. In some cases I make this latter a sealed vacuum
chamber by exhausting the atmospheric air from it and I have obtained very good
results in this way.
I have also found it convenient to provide in the centre of the lid or cover of the
central compartment a hole through which a stirrer or mixer can be inserted for the
purpose of well mixing the contents without removing the lid or cover for so doing.
This stirrer or mixer may consist of a circular bar at one end of which is fixed a
flat segmental plate which conforms somewhat to the radius or curve of the interior
of the vessel.
For the purpose of mixing or effecting the rapid dissolution or combination of
the refrigerating agents within the annular space around the innermost compartment
I provide a ring, cover or lid which passes freely over the central compartment and
rests on the top wall of the insulating outer chamber; to the underside of this ring,
cover, or lid I fix one two or more stirrers which project downwards into the
refrigerating materials in the annular space, and on the top side I provide a
suitable handle whereby the stirrers may be put in rapid rotation by turning the
ring, cover or lid which is kept concentric by fitting over the innermost chamber
and resting in an annular groove, or rebate in the outer wall of the vessel.

page_text: Several modifications in the mode of manufacture may be made without depart-
ing from the nature of my invention, for example an apparatus may be made of
block tin in the following manner:-Firstly the outermost vessel may consist
simply of a cylindrical vessel with a plain bottom, the top having an inwardly
projecting flange corresponding more or less to the width of the annular space
required for insulating; secondly, a similar vessel with an outwardly projecting
flange which rests on the aforesaid inwardly projecting flange, and is kept clear
to allow of an air space between the bottom of the outer vessel and itself, by means
of a suitable boss or fixing which forms a distance piece on the underside, and
a boss on the upper side within which to fix the interior vessel by means of a lock
screw or otherwise; thirdly a similar open-ended vessel of smaller diameter so as to
leave the necessary space between its outside and the inside of the second vessel
for the refrigerating materials. This innermost vessel is provided with a cover
or lid at the top and with a screw or other suitable fixing on the bottom to enable
it to be fixed in the aforesaid boss in the bottom of the second vessel so that the three
vessels, when together, make the apparatus consisting of an innermost vessel with
two annular spaces around it. For the purpose of closing the top of the first
annular space, and to provide the necessary means for agitation of the freezing
medium, a ring or lid is formed with a channel which encircles the inner vessel
and maintains its concentricity, the outer edge fitting the inner wall of the second
vessel, the flat portion of the lid resting on the outwardly turned flange of the
second vessel; to the underside of this channel are fixed the stirrers, and on the
flat edge is fixed a suitable handle for imparting motion thereto.
The insulating air or vacuum chamber above described is also applicable to
the exterior of apparatus commonly known as rotary freezing machines, which are
rotated end wise or horizontally upon trunnions resting on a frame or other support
during the freezing or cooling process. This apparatus usually consists of two
cylindrical vessels one inside the other, the inner one containing the material to
be cooled or frozen, and the outer one, or rather the annular space between the two
vessels, the cooling or freezing agents.
Improvements in Ice Making and Refrigerating Apparatus for
Domestic and other purposes.
I, HENRY JOSEPH WEST, late of 29, Wiltshire Road, Brixton, of 185, Lough-
borough Road, Brixton, in the County of Surrey, Engineer, do hereby declare the
nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
-
In apparatus for making ice, ice creams, or for cooling purposes by means of
freezing mixtures. The substances or liquids to be cooled or frozen are contained
in a vessel or mould placed within another vessel or pan, and the freezing or
cooling media are placed in the annular space between the vessels. During the
freezing operation a low temperature is obtained, and it is consequently desirable
that the outer vessel should be efficiently protected in a simple and convenient
way against the absorption of heat from the atmosphere and surrounding bodies.
The object of my present invention is to provide improved means for protecting
such apparatus against the entrance of heat by the employment of an insulating

page_text: air chamber, or vacuum chamber, around the cylinder or pan containing the
freezing mixtures. My invention as herein described may be carried into practical
effect by reference to the accompanying drawing, wherein :-
Figure 1 is an outside elevation of a convenient form of apparatus to which my
invention may be applied.
Figures 2 and 3 are respectively a sectional elevation and an end plan of the
same.
The apparatus is preferably cylindrical in shape, and may be made of any suitable
material such as galvanized or tinned sheet metal. The central cylinder or mould
a is provided with a cover a¹ and contains the substance or liquid to be cooled
or frozen.
It is secured in its position by a lock screw a² on the bottom, or other suitable
fastening at the top or bottom. The small cover a¹ of the central cylinder has a
hole in the top through which the handle of a stirrer or spoon may be inserted for
the purpose of mixing the contents.
The cylinder or pan C has an outward projecting flange at the top C¹ and con-
tains the freezing mixture. The outer cylinder c is made with a flange projecting
inward at the top c¹ upon which flange b rests for support and the annular space
between them forms the insulating air chamber.
On the top of the apparatus I provide a cover d which passes freely over the
central chamber and rests upon the top of the air chamber. On the underside of
this cover should be fixed one or more stirrers ďď to to project downwards into
the freezing mixture, by rotating these stirrers by means of the handle in the
cover the dissolution of the freezing mixture is assisted.
The outer cylinder c may be also made of earthenware or well seasoned hard wood
hattens. In cases where a vacuum is desired the flanges b and c should be
soldered together and the atmospheric air exhausted from the chamber.
The insulating air chamber as a non-conductor of heat is also applicable to other
freezing apparatus and particularly to the outside of such commonly known as
rotary freezing machines, which are rotated endwise or horizontally upon trunnions
resting upon a frame or other support.
This apparatus consists of two cylinders, one inside the other, having covered
openings to each at opposite ends. the inner cylinder contains the material to be
cooled or frozen and the outer cylinder the freezing mixture.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is:-
:―
1. The application of an insulating air chamber or an insulating vacuum
chamber to the outside of ice making and refrigerating apparatus herein before
described and illustrated in the accompanying drawing.
2. Improvements in ice making and refrigerating apparatus for domestic and
other purposes substantially as herein shown and described.
HENRY JOSEPH WEST,
185, Loughborough Road, Brixton, S.W.