Improvements in and relating to Studs or Cogs for Horse and Mule Shoes.
Year: 1895

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and relating to Studs or Cogs for Horse and
Mule Shoes.
I, CHARLES BLYTH FILKIN, of Tettenhall, near Wolverhampton in the County.
of Stafford, Blacksmith, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
Studs or cogs for horse and mule shoes are usually either screwed into the shoes
or driven tightly therein. In the former case, the screw formed upon the shank
tends to increase its liability to break, and as several turns of the stud are
necessary to screw it up within the shoe a considerable time is taken up in fixing
a set of studs and in removing them, and morcover, if the outer edge of the screwed
hole to receive it in the shoe becomes burred, considerable difficulty is experienced
in starting the shank into the hole; and in the latter case, considerable difficulty
is experienced in extracting a stud or cog from a shoe.
Now, this invention has for its object improved means of fixing the studs or cogs
within the shoes, which will avoid the use of screws and enable the studs to be
readily and quickly fixed to the shoes and removed therefroin.
The above object is effected, according to this invention, by forming the shank
of each stud or cog cylindrical, or approximately so, in shape, but with a shallow
projection at one side extending for a short distance from the end which is remote
from the head (or such projection may, if formed sufficiently shallow, extend even
the whole length of the shank), and by forming a shallow groove or recess down
the side of the hole.in the shoe to allow of the passage of the projection of the
shank as the stud or cog is placed within the shoe. The portion of the stud which
is to be passed into the shoe may be a sufficiently easy fit therein to enable it to be
pushed thereinto by hand. When it has been pushed into the shoe, it is fixed
therein by giving it a partial turn with a spanner, with the effect that the pro-
jection of the shank is forced out from the groove in the hole and binds tightly
within the hole. When it is desired to remove the stud or cog from the shoe, it is
turned back to bring the projection into the groove of the hole, and the stud, or
cog may then be readily pulled out from the hole.
One or both sides of the projection of the shank should be made inclined or
curved to give it a lead out of the groove or recess as the stud is turned axially;
and it is preferred also to slant or curve the corresponding side or both sides of
the groove or recess for the same purpose.
Dated this 21st day of September 1895.
STEPHEN WATKINS,
Wolverhampton, Agent for the Applicant.

page_text: '
Improvements in and relating to Studs or Cogs for Horse and
Mule Shoes.
I, CHARLES BLYTH FILKIN, of Tettenhall, near Wolverhampton in the County
of Stafford, Blacksmith, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in
what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement :-
A stud or cog for a horse or mule shoe is usually either screwed into the shoe or
driven tightly therein. In the former case, the screw formed upon the shank
tends to increase its liability to break, and as several turns of the stud are
necessary to screw it up within the shoe a considerable time is taken up in fixing
a set of studs and in removing them, and moreover, if the outer edge of the
screwed hole to receive it in the shoe becomes burred, considerable difficulty is
experienced in starting the shauk into the hole; and in the latter case, considerable
difficulty is experienced in extracting a stud or cog from a shoe.
Now, this invention has for its object improved means of fixing the studs or cogs
within the shoes, which will avoid the use of screws and enable the studs to be
readily and quickly fixed to the shoes and removed therefrom.
.
The above object is effected, according to this invention, by forming the shank
of each stud or cog cylindrical, or approximately so, in shape, but with a shallow
projection at one side extending, preferably, for a short distance from the end
which is remote from the head, and by forming a shallow groove or recess down
the side of the hole in the shoe to allow of the passage of the projection of the
shank as the stud or cog is placed within the shoe. The portion of the stud which
is to be passed into the shoe may be a sufficiently easy fit therein to enable it to
be pushed thereinto by hand. When it has been pushed into the hole, it is fixed
therein by giving it a partial turn with a spanner, with the effect that the pro-
jection of the shank is forced out from the groove in the hole and binds tightly
within the hole. When it is desired to remove the stud or cog from the shoe, it is
turned back to bring the projection into the groove of the hole, and the stud or
cog may then be readily pulled out from the hole.
Figure 1 of the accompanying drawings shews an elevation of a stud constructed
according to and for the purpose of this invention.
-
Figure 2 is a view of the upper side of a short length of horse or mule shoe,
shewing a hole formed therethrough to receive the stud shewn by Figure 1.
Figure 3 is a corresponding view to Figure 2, but with the shank of the stud
within the hole ready for being turned to fix it securely therein, and
Figure 4 is a vertical section through the stud and a portion of the shoe when
the stud is in the position within the hole shewn by Figure 3, the section being
taken in a plane indicated by line xx, Figure 3.
The stud A is formed, as usual, with a head a and shank b. c is a projection
from one side of the shank b, and extends, preferably, for a short distance, as
shewn, from the outer end of the shank. This projection is, preferably, of the
shape shewn in plan or end view by Figure 3. The hole d through the shoe B, to
receive the shank of the stud, is formed to the shape of the section of the stud at
the part thereof where the projection c occurs, having consequently a vertical
groove e down one side of the hole, corresponding in sectional shape to that of the
projection c.
To fix the stud to the shoe, the shank bis first passed up into the hole d, the
projection being passed up the groove e; and the stud is then turned forcibly, by
means of a spanner, thus causing the shank of the stud to wedge or bind itself
tightly within the hole d.

page_text: The projection c may extend the whole depth of the shank, if desired; but in
such case greater accuracy of manufacture is needed, as the projection should be
shallower than when it is shorter, and moreover, in my opinion, the fastening is not
so secure as when the projection extends only a portion of the distance from the
outer end of the shank, as in such latter case a locking action of the shank within
the shoe seems to result in addition to the wedging or binding of the shank.
therein.
The stud or cog is hardened, as usual, and may be repeatedly fixed to a shoe,
until it is itself worn out.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
:-
1. A stud or cog for a horse or mule shoe, formed with a projection at one side
of the shank which as the stud is partially turned, when the shank has been
inserted within the shoe, causes the shank to become securely wedged or bound
within the shoe, substantially as described.
2. The means of fixing a stud or cog to a horse or mule shoe, which comprise a
projection at one side of the shank and a groove or recess in the side of the hole
within which the shank is inserted, substantially as described, for the purpose set
forth.
3. A stud or cog for a horse or mule shoe, having a shank b and projection cat.
one side thereof which stopped some distance short of the shoulder or inner end
of the shank, substantially as and for the purpose described and shewn by the
drawings herewith.
Deted this 22nd don f T
1000
STEPHEN WATKINS,
Wolverhampton, Agent for the Applicant..