Improvements in Incandescence Lamps for Burning Oils, Alcohol and other Volatile Fluids, also Solid Fats and Resinous Substances.
Year: 1898

page_text: Date of Application, 14th Dec., 1898
Complete Specification Left, 1st Sept., 1899-Accepted, 21st Oct., 1899
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Incandescence Lamps for Burning Oils, Alcohol
and other Volatile Fluids, also Solid Fats and Resinous Substances.
I, LOUIS DENAYROUZE, of 70, Boulevard Victor-Hugo, Neuilly sur Seine, Seine,
France, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
My invention relates to improvements in incandescence lamps whereby I am
enabled first to convert into combustible vapour or gas all kinds of alcohol and
other volatile liquids, oils, fats, and resins by the waste heat of the incandescence
burner, such vapours or gases being then led to the mixing chamber of the burner
to be mixed with the air requisite for combustion within the incandescence
mantle.
For this purpose I employ in the case of volatile liquids, such as alcohol ether,
volatile oils &c., a vapourising device in addition to the burner. In the case of
liquids that require in addition to vaporisation, a conversion into gas form, I
employ, in addition to the burner, both a vaporizer and a gasifying device.
In the case of solid combustibles, that require first to be liquefied, or of liquids
that are volatilised with difficulty, I employ, in addition to the burner and
vaporizer and, if necessary, the gasifier, a melting appliance.
For the above purposes, in the case of a lamp for volatile liquids, the reservoir
for the liquid has passing through its bottom a small tube into which a supply of
compressed air can enter below from a compressed air reservoir and which tube
leads the air up to the top of the reservoir, where it presses upon the top of the
liquid.
Secondly, a second small tube in the liquid reservoir extends from near the
bottom of the latter, up through the top of the reservoir, where it is provided
with a regulating plug or valve, and thence up to a point immediately above the
incandescence mantle, as will be presently described.
For producing the compressed air supply various arrangements may be
employed; thus according to the construction employed by preference I provide
the lamp with a hollow tubular pedestal, in the lower part of which is provided a
flexible accordian shaped reservoir acted upon by a helical spring, while at the
upper end of the pedestal is provided a small external hand pump such as a
caoutchouc ball for periodically forcing the air under a certain degree of com-
pression into the pedestal so as to distend the reservoir, from which it then passes
gradually up the before mentioned tube into the liquid reservoir.
The before mentioned tube through which the liquid is forced up to above the
mantle is preferably filled with thin wire of silver or other suitable metal that
is a good conductor of heat; over the mantle a part thereof is formed into a
flat horizontal coil, and from this it descends again to the lower end of the
mixing chamber of the burner, into which the combustible vapour produced by
the waste heat above the mantle then issues to mix with the necessary air supply
for combustion, which is effected in the usual manner.

page_text: Instead of employing pure alcohol as the combustible liquid I find it advan-
tageous to enrich it with other liquids richer in carbonaceous matter which
cannot be used by themselves, such as vegetable or animal hydrocarbons, potato
spirit, glycerine, essence of turpentine, camphor, resins, gums, wax, vegetable
and animal oils, and solid fats or fatty acids.
These substances are more or less completely dissolved in the alcohol and are
vaporised in combination therewith.
When employing the above described construction for liquids such as petroleum
that are less volatile than spirits, the said vaporising tube, in addition to being
formed into a coil above the mantle, is first coiled one or more times round the
burner, before passing up above the mantle, so as to effect a preliminary heating
and vaporisation of the liquid, also, the tube descending from the top coil is
fixed just above the burner to a platinum tube of small diameter extending
transversely across the top of the burner where the vapour is consequently sub-
jected to a farther gasification by the burner flame before it is led down to the
mixing chamber of the burner.
When constructing the lamp for working with solid fats and the like, the reser-
voir charged with such substances has at bottom a small projecting side pocket
into which enters a metal rod that extends down from above the incandescence
mantle, where it is formed into a flat coil or disc which is heated by the waste
heat rising from the mantle; this rod first passes down through a tubular passage
formed through the reservoir and then into the said pocket, where the heat con-
ducted down by the rod effects the melting of the small quantity of fat contained
therein, and this is then forced up by the air pressure through a small tube lead-
ing to above the mantle and arranged and operating as described with reference
to the preceding arrangement. The appliances for producing the forced air
supply may also be arranged as before described, or in either construction these
appliances may be arranged in any other convenient manner and may be separate
from the lamp stand, so that any number of such lamps can be supplied with
compressed air through small tubes leading from a common reservoir.
Dated this 14th day of December 1898.
ABEL & IMRAY,
Agents for the Applicants.
Improvements in Incandescence Lamps for Burning Oils, Alcohol
and other Volatile Fluids, also Solid Fats and Resinous Substances.
I, LOUIS DENAYROUZE, of 70, Boulevard Victor-Hugo, Neuilly sur Seine, Seine,
France, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement:-
My invention relates to improvements in incandescence lamps whereby I am
enabled first to convert into combustible vapour or gas all kinds of alcohol and
other volatile liquids, oils, fats, and resins, by the waste heat of the incandescence
burner, such vapours or gases being then led to the mixing chamber of the burner
to be mixed with the air requisite for combustion within the incandescence
mantle.
For this purpose I employ in the case of volatile liquids, such as alcohol ether,
volatile oils &c., a vaporising device in addition to the burner.
liquids that require in addition to vapourisation, a conversion into gas form, I
In the case of
employ, in addition to the burner, both a vaporiser and a gasifying device.

page_text: In the case of solid combustibles that require first to be liquefied, or of liquids
that are volatilised with difficulty, I employ, in addition to the burner and
vaporiser and, if necessary, the gasifier, a melting appliance.
Fig. 1 of the accompanying drawings shews a vertical section to a small scale
of a lamp arranged to burn gas from alcohol or volatile essences. Fig. 2 shews
to a larger scale the upper part of the lamp. This is composed of a reservoir
for alcohol A which is filled through the orifice C capable of hermetic closure.
A tube D passing through the bottom B of the reservoir and rising up to the
top serves for the admission of compressed air to the upper surface of the alcohol
and the tube E which passes down to the bottom B of the reservoir' A serves to
force the liquid under the action of the air, which is forced by the bellows F of
caoutchouc or other flexible material.
This is operated by a coiled spring G for forcing the air, the rod B' of which
spring connects the bottom of the bellows with the top of the spring.
The spring G is placed in a hermetically closed tube C₁ from which the com-
pressed air from the bellows is led through tube D to the reservoir A. This
reservoir is simply screwed on the threaded part forming the cap of the tube C².
A. caoutchouc pump H provided with two check valves a al serves for charging
the bellows F when required.
The tube E through which the air is forced has a screw plug cock L with coned
end, on which is branched the vaporisation tube I. This tube is filled with wire
or pieces of silver or other good heat conducting material. It rises to the
burner N and thence to above the incandescence mantle M where it is formed
into a spiral coil as shewn at Fig. 3.
From the centre of this spiral a tube t descends to the base of the burner.
Instead of using pure alcohol as combustible liquid, alcohol enriched with other
substances rich in combustible elements, which cannot burn alone, may be used.
Such are vegetable or animal hydrocarbons, such as potato spirit, glycerine
essence of turpentine, camphor resins, gums, waxes, vegetable oils such as olive,
nut, colza oils and the like: animal oils, fish oils, grease, tallow, fatty acids. The
alcohol serves as solvent of the whole or of component parts of these substances
and forms the vehicle thereof in conveying the same from the lamp to the burner.
When the liquid to be vaporised is not alcohol or essences but petroleum, the
vaporising tube forms one or more convolutions I', Fig. 4, round the burner;
the tube which descends from the spiral at top of the mantle is soldered to a
platinum tube 0 of small diameter which forms a bridge over the wire gauze or
perforated disc Q.
The tube constitutes more particularly the gasifier, the tube t descends at t¹
to the base of the burner.
The lamp operates as follows:-
The hermetic stopper C is unscrewed and the reservoir A is filled three quarters
full with combustible liquid.
After screwing on the stopper again the pump H is actuated so as to force air
into and distend the bellows F, thereby compressing the spring; the plug cock L
is opened and the burner is lit. It is extinguished by closing the cock L.
When fatty bodies are to be burnt which require first to be brought to a liquid
state, or oils that are only slightly volatile, the apparatus is modified, as shewn
at Fig. 5, by the addition of a melting appliance consisting of a cup V soldered
to the bottom B of the reservoir A, so as to form a small recipient for the liqui-
faction of a small quantity of the fatty or resinous body employed. Into this
space penetrates a rod T of good heat conducting metal which passes up through
the reservoir A and up to the top of the coil I where it is enlarged to a disc
form X. A tube Z passes through the reservoir forming a channel enclosing the
rod T and the forcing tube E, for preventing the absorption of the heat by the
whole mass of combustible in the reservoir A.
The bellows of the lamp may be separate from the body and constitute a com-

page_text: pressor for feeding the air from a distance either to one or to a number of lamps
situated in the different localities, or in the streets.
The air stored in the compressor under slight pressure is conveyed to the lamps
through a very small tube or channel from which branch tubes lead to the
separate lamps.
Having thus particularly described and ascertained the nature of this inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is:-
1. The combination with a lamp burner of means serving to lead to the burner
gases free from liquid produced by the decomposition in the lamp at a high tem-
perature of vapours of alcohol, petroleum or fatty matters, substantially as
described.
2. In a lamp for burning gases produced from volatilised alcohol, essences and
other volatile liquid, the combination with the burner of a vaporising tube for
transforming the said liquids into gas which tube is partly situated above the
incandescence mantle or other hottest part of the lamp, substantially as described.
3. In a lamp for burning gases produced from petroleum the combination with
the burner of a vaporising tube arranged as a coil in which the petroleum is
vaporised, and which is connected to a gasifying tube of platinum situated
immediately over the burner where the vapours produced in the vaporising tube
are completely gasified, substantially as described.
4. In a lamp for burning vapours produced from fatty bodies or such that are
volatilised with difficulty, the combination with the lamp reservoir of a melting
vessel to which heat is conveyed from the burner by a conducting rod, substan-
tially as described.
5. A lamp for burning vapours of combustible matters in which alcohol
enriched with hydrocarbons or other vegetable or animal substances is employed,
the alcohol serving as solvent and vehicle to the other combustible for conveying
the same to the burner.
6. In a lamp for burning vapours of liquid combustible matter, the combina-
tion with the reservoir for the combustible of a bellows for supplying the
quantity of air necessary for taking the place of the consumed liquid, the requisite
compression of the air in the bellows being effected by a helical spring acting
with slight pressure on the bellows so as to force the air from the latter into the
reservoir of liquid, substantially as described.
Dated this 1st day of September 1899.
ABEL & IMRAY,
Agents for the Applicants.