Novel Means and Appliances for Economising Fuel and for Increasing the Heating Properties of the Products of Combustion in Furnaces, also for Preventing Escape of Black Smoke.
Year: 1888

page_text: Date of Application, 23rd Aug., 1888
Complete Specification Left. 21st May, 1889-Accented, 6th July, 1889
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Novel Means and Appliances for Economising Fuel and for Increasing
the Heating Properties of the Products of Combustion in Furnaces,
also for Preventing Escape of Black Smoke.
I THOMAS CAIN of Douglas, Isle of Man, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of
my said invention to be as follows:-
This invention relates to certain means and appliances for economising fuel and for
increasing the heating properties of the products of combustion in furnaces, and pre-
venting black smoke.
For the purpose of my invention I make a casting in the form of a hollow box wide
at one edge and very narrow at the other which I place upon the bars of an ordinary
furnace so that the heat of the fuel which is imparted thereto shall raise the tem-
perature of air passing through the ashpit and through the box to such a degree that
it commingles with the gases, smoke and other products of combustion in passing over
the bridge that the space behind the bridge serves for expansion of the gases and
development of great heat, the products of combustion being transformed into a gas
having intense heating properties.
The box may have partitions so that the air in passing through, whether supplied
from the ashpit proper or from a separate source may be contracted, so to speak, at
the outlet or nozzle so that it issues as a series of jets in almost a red hot state
sufficient to fire the gases in passing over the bridge.
I may if desired arrange air regulators to the bottom of the bars or to a casing
arranged in connection with the box before referred to and said regulator may be self
acting so as to open more or less in proportion to the increase or decrease of
draught.
I prefer that the box be a separate casting and lodged upon the back end of the bars
but it may be a box set in firebrick and may be in conjunction with the present form
of bridge or it may be caused to serve as the bridge itself.
The box may be in one or more pieces.
Aug
H. GARDNER,
166, Fleet Street, London, Agent for the said T. Cain.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Novel Means and Appliances for Economising Fuel and for Increasing
the Heating Properties of the Products of Combustion in Furnaces,
also for Preventing Escape of Black Smoke.
I, THOMAS CAIN of Douglas, Isle of Man, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of
this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
This invention relates to certain means or appliances for economising fuel and for
increasing the heating properties of the products of combustion in furnaces, also for
preventing escape of black smoke.
For the purpose of my invention, 1 make a casting in the form of a hollow box
wide at one edge and very narrow at the other which I place upon the bars of an
ordinary furnance, so that the heat of the fuel which is imparted thereto shall raise
the temperature of air passing through the ashpit and through the box to such a
degree that it commingles with the gases smoke and other products of combustion in
passing over the bridge that the space behind the bridge serves for expansion of the
gases and development of great heat, the products of combustion being transformed
into a gas having intense heating properties. The box may have partitions, so that

page_text: the air in passing through whether supplied from the ashpit proper or from a separate
source, may be contracted so to speak, at the outlet or nozzle, so that it issues as a
series of jets in almost a red hot state sufficient to fire the gases in passing over the
bridge.
may, if desired, arrange air regulators to the bottom of the bars, or to a casing
arranged in connection with the box before referred to and said regulator may be
self acting, so as to open more or less in proportion to the increase or decrease of
draught.
I prefer that the box be a separate casting and lodged upon the back end of the
bars but it may be a box sot in firebrick and may be in conjunction with the present
form of bridge, or it may be caused to serve as the bridge itself. The box may be in
one or more pieces.
My invention is applicable to ordinary flue boilers, vertical boilers, Locomotives and
others also to furnaces having boilers outside.
My invention will be understood by reference to the annexed drawings, in which at
Figure 1, I show my invention applied in its simplest form to an internal flue boiler A
and consisting of a box B having a hollow through it of tapered form i.e. wide at
the bottom and narrow at the top, so as to retard and retract the volume of air pass-
ing through said hollow at the same time to allow the air to become very hot by the
time it issues from the top of the nozzle D.
The box B simply rests upon the back end of the bars E directly in front of the
ordinary brick bridge F against which it lodges.
By reason of the hollow box B resting on the bars E a clear space is left through
the bars at the part occupied by the box for the passage of air through between the
bars from the ashpit. G, or if a pipe be fitted directly under the back end of the bars,
air may be forced froni a blower, or other appliance into and through the hollow box,
the air being warmed while passing through the pipe in the ashpit and then heated to
a high temperature in passing through the hollow box, the object. being as before
stated a supply of air to the back of the furnace to commingle with the smoke and
other products of combustion and which by its intense heat serves to consume the
smoke in the gas expansion chamber H directly behind the bridge and within which
the heating properties of the gases are fully developed and utilized before passing to the
chimney.
This hollow box may be in one or more pieces across the width of the furnace and if
in one casting it may have internal wings or partitions at an angle or otherwise for
deflecting the inflowing air to that part of the furnace where the greatest quantity of
smoke accumulates.
Instead of placing the hollow box directly upon the bars it may be lodged upon the
back supporting plate I on which the bars rest, as indicated at Figure 2, the air
supply to the hollow box being from a natural draught through the ashpit, or from a
blower, as described with reference to Figure 1.
Figures 3 and 4 show a plan and face view of my hollow box having partitions,
the box being in a single casting and occupying a position the entire width of the
flue.
The air passage C may be provided with a sliding or other valve J, see Figures 5,
6, 7 and regulated by a screw or other device L according to the air required. And
instead of the air box B being set stationary on the bars E or on the plate I, it may
be used as the bridge itself, and by resting on the bars and on the plate 1 it may be
moved along on the bars by the screw K, the wheels M, M, and the shaft N by
putting a socket key on the shaft N at O. Thus the hollow box B, the wheels M and
shaft N move bodily by the screw K working in a nut in the plate I. By this means
it can be placed in the best position for mixing the heated air with the products of
combustion. The air passes from the ashpit G through the grate, up between the
bars and the box at C escaping at D, thus forming a moveable bridge in itself.
The air box if not in actual contact with the bars will perimit of its being placed
above bars which have a rocking or self cleansing action when moved by gear or lever
appliances.

page_text: Figures 8 and 9 represent my invention affixed in the furnace of a vertical boiler
having a low fire roof P, the hollow air supply box being in such a position and
supplied with air from the outside by pipes Q that the air issues from around the box
in sheet form to commingle with the smoke and products of combustion into the gas
expansion chamber H leading to the chimney.
Instead of the air issuing from the box in sheet like form, as indicated by Figure 9,
it may pass through contracted openings in the box, as at Figure 10.
Figures 11, 12 and 13 represent how I arrange my air box in connection with a
Locomotive boiler, the air box being placed over the arch, as indicated.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this inven
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. The construction and employment, to flue boilers, of a hollow casting, upon or
in proximity to the back of the furnace bars, and to the bridge, for ensuring a supply
of highly heated air for economising fuel, and for increasing the heating properties of
the products of combustion in furnaces, as described with reference to the annexed
drawings, Figures 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7.
2. As a modification of the foregoing, the arrangements of hollow air supply
castings to the furnaces of vertical and Locomotive boilers for the supply of highly
heated air for cominingling with the gases and products of combustion and developing
their heating properties, as set forth.
Ine ZIST
ΟΙ
1809.
H. GARDNER,
166, Fleet Street, London, Agent for the said T. Cain.

page_text: Designs, and Trade Marks Act, 1883. For Amended Specification see Star Number.
(Librarians are requested to attach this Slip to the printed copy of the above Specification.)

page_text: Date of Application, 23rd Aug., 1888
Complete Specification Left, 21st May, 1889-Accepted, 6th July, 1889
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION (AMENDED).
Novel Means and Appliances for Economising Fuel and for Increasing
the Heating Properties of the Products of Combustion in Furnaces,
also for Preventing Escape of Black Smoke.
We THOMAS CAIN and THOMAS ARTHUR CAIN both of Douglas, Isle of Man,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of my our said invention to be as
follows:-
This invention relates to certain means and appliances for economising fuel and for
increasing the beating properties of the products of combustion in furnaces, and pre-
venting black smoke.
For the purpose of my our invention + we make a casting in the form of a hollow
box wide at one edge and very narrow at the other which we placo upon the bars
of an ordinary furnace so that the heat of the fuel which is imparted thereto shall
raise the temperature of air passing through the ashpit and through the box to such
a degree that it commingles with the gases, smoke and other products of combustion
in passing over the bridge that the space behind the bridge serves for expansion of
the gases and development of great heat, the products of combustion being trans-
formed into a gas having intense heating properties.
The box may have partitions so that the air in passing through, whether supplied
from the ashpit proper or from a separate source may be contracted, so to speak, at
the outlet or nozzle so that it issues as a series of jets in almost a red hot state
sufficient to fire the gases in passing over the bridge.
We may if desired arrange air regulators to the bottom of the bars or to a casing
arranged in connection with the box before referred to and said regulator may be self
acting so as to open more or less in proportion to the increase or decrease of
draught.
We prefer that the box be a separate casting and lodged upon the back end of the
bars but it may be a box set in firebrick and may be in conjunction with the present
form of bridge or it may be caused to serve as the bridge itself.
The box may be in one or more pieces.
H. GARDNER,
166, Fleet Street, London, Agent for the said T. Cain.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION (AMENDED).
Novel Means and Appliances for Economising Fuel and for Increasing
the Heating Properties of the Products of Combustion in Furnaces,
also for Preventing Escape of Black Smoke.
4, We THOMAS CAIN and THOMAS ARTHUR CAIN both of Douglas, Isle of Man,
Engineers, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner tho
same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement :-
This invention relates to certain means or appliances for economising fuel and for
increasing the heating properties of the products of combustion in furnaces, also for
preventing escape of black smoke.

page_text: For the purpose of my our invention, we make a casting in the form of a hollow
box wide at one edge and very narrow at the other which ice place upon the bars of
an ordinary furnace, so that the heat of the fuel which is imparted thereto shall raise
the temperature of air passing through the ashpit and through the box to such a
degree that it commingles with the gases smoke and other products of combustion in
passing over the bridge that the space behind the bridge serves for expansion of the
gases and development of great heat, the products of combustion being transformed
into a gas having intense heating properties. The box may have partitions, so that
the air in passing through whether supplied from the ashpit proper or from a separate
source, may be contracted so to speak, at the outlet or nozzle, so that it issues as a
series of jets in almost a red hot state sufficient to fire the gases in passing over the
bridge.
We may, if desired, arrange air regulators to the bottom of the bars, or to a casing
arranged in connection with the box before referred to and said regulator may be
self acting, so as to open more or less in proportion to the increase or decrease of
draught.
We prefer that the box be a separate casting and lodged upon the back end of the
bars but it may be a box set in firebrick and may be in conjunction with the present
form of bridge, or it may be caused to serve as the bridge itself. The box may be in
one or more pieces.
My Our invention is applicable to ordinary flue boilers, vertical boilers, Locomotives
and others also to furnaces having boilers outside.
My Our invention will be understood by reference to the annexed drawings, in
which at Figure 1, we show my invention applied in its simplest form to an internal
flue boiler A and consisting of a box B having a hollow C through it of tapered form
i.e. wide at the bottom and narrow at the top, so as to reiard and retract the volume
of air passing through said hollow at the same time to allow the air to become very
hot by the time it issues from the top of the nozzle D.
The box B simply rests upon the back end of the bars E directly in front of the
ordinary brick bridge F against which it lodges.
By reason of the hollow box B resting on the bars E a clear space is left through
the bars at the part occupied by the box for the passage of air through between the
bars from the ashpit G, or if a pipe be fitted directly under the back end of the bars,
air may be forced from a blower, or other appliance into and through the hollow box,
the air being warmed while passing through the pipe in the ashpit, and then heated to
high temperature in passing through the hollow box, the object being as before
stated a supply of air to the back of the furnace to commingle with the sunoke and
other products of combustion and which by its intense heat serves to consume the
smoke in the gas expansion chamber H directly behind the bridge and within which
the heating properties of the gases are fully developed and utilized before passing to the
chimney.
L
This hollow box may be in one or more pieces across the width of the furnace and if
in one casting it may have internal wings or partitions at an angle or otherwise for
deflecting the inflowing air to that part of the furnace where the greatest quantity of
smoke accumulates.
Instead of placing the hollow box directly upon the bars it may be lodged upon the
back supporting plate on which the bars rest, as indicated at Figure 2, the air
supply to the hollow box being from a natural draught through the ashpit, or from a
blower, as described with reference to Figure 1.
Figures 3 and 4 show a plan and face view of my hollow box having partitions
the box being in a single casting and occupying a position the entire width of the
Aluc.
The air passage C may be provided with a sliding or other valve J, see Figures 5
6, 7 and regulated by a screw or other device 1 according to the air required. An
instead of the air box B being set stationary on the bars E or on the plate I, it may
be used as the bridge itself, and by resting on the bars and on the plate 1 it may b
moved along on the bars by the screw K, the wheels M, M, and the shaft N by

page_text: putting a socket key on the shaft N at O. Thus the hollow box B, the wheels M and
shaft N move bodily by the screw K working in a nut in the plute L. By this means
it can be placed in the best position for mixing the heated air with the products of
combustion. The air passes from the ashpit G through the grate, up between the
bars and the box at Cescaping at D, thus forming a moveable bridge in itself.
The air box if not in actual contact with the bars will permit of its being placed
above bars which have a rocking or self cleansing action when moved by gear or lever
appliances.
Figures 8 and 9 represent my invention affixed in the furnace of a vertical boiler
having a low fire roof P, the hollow air supply box being in such a position and
supplied with air from the outside by pipes that the air issues from around the box
in sheet form to commingle with the smoke and products of combustion into the gas
expansion chainber H leading to the chimney.
Instead of the air issuing from the box in sheet like form, as indicated by Figure 9,
it may pass through contracted openings in the box, as at Figure 10.
Figures 11, 12 and 13 represent how we arrange my our air box in connection
with a Locomotive boiler, the air box being placed over the arch, as indicated.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed 1 we declare that what I we
claim is :-
:-
1. The construction and employment, to flue boilers, of a hollow casting, upon or
in proximity to the back of the furnace bars, and to the bridge, for ensuring a supply
of highly heated air for economising fuel, and for increasing the heating properties of
the products of combustion in furnaces, as described with reference to the annexed
drawings, Figures 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7.
2. As a modification of the foregoing, the arrangements of hollow air supply
castings to the furnaces of vertical and Locomotive boilers for the supply of highly
heated air for commingling with the gases and products of combustion and developing
their beating properties, as set forth.
H. GARDNER,
166, Fleet Street, London, Agent for the said T. Cain.
CAPTAT TO ABD STZ AUT
H. GARDNER,
166, Fleet Street, London, Agent for the said T. Cain.