An Improved Method of Securing Earthenware, Glass, and other Vitreous Substances to Metal by Means of Soldering or Brazing.
Year: 1894

page_text: Date of Application, 22nd Nov., 1894
Complete Specification Left, 14th Aug., 1895-Accepted, 16th Nov., 1895
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
An Improved Method of Securing Earthenware, Glass, and other
Vitreous Substances to Metal by Means of Soldering or Brazing.
We NORMAN EDMUND COOKE Earthenware Manufacturer and CHARLES
RICHARDSON SOAR Mechanical Engineer both of Swadlincote in the County of
Derby do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
This invention has for its object the connection of metal soil water and waste
pipes to closet pans, traps and the like also securing metal handles to glass, china,
and earthenware jugs, cups, teapots, and generally to enable, pipes, handles and
other articles formed of metal to be soldered or brazed to china glass, earthenware
and other vitreous or vitrified substances and the said invention is an improvement
on a previous invention for which Letters Patent were granted to Henry Woodcock
and Thomas Riley No. 749 and dated January the 18th 1887.
Hitherto it has been customary to connect metal pipes to earthenware traps by
means of puttied, cemented or screwed joints the former of which methods are
unsatisfactory and liable to leakage and the latter too expensive. Various attempts
have been made with more or less success to connect metal pipes to earthenware
traps by soldering the surface of the traps being coated with metal by means of
chemical solutions or by electro-deposition.
Now according to this invention we form a spiral groove in the earthenware or
other vitreous article to which metal is to be attached and after the article has been
burnt we wrap wire to which solder or brazing metal will adhere tightly round the
article the wire lying in the grooves. The space between each convolution of the
wire is then filled in with solder or brazing metal.
The metal pipe, handle or other metal article is then soldered to the prepared
surface in the usual way. Or we may dispense with grooves and form a recess in
the vitreous surface say in a trap and leave the recessed portion unglazed a piece
of metal foil or asbestos cloth or millboard or other suitable material is placed in
the recess and wrapped round the tap. Wire is then bound round the asbestos or
other material and the space between the convolutions of the wire filled in with
solder or brazing metal.
This may easily done by enclosing the wired portion of the vitrified substance in
a suitable mould and pouring into the mould melted solder or spelter.
The metal may then be attached to the prepared trap or other article by soldering
or brazing the asbestos making a perfectly gas tight joint between the wire an
the vitreous substance. This method is most suitable for sanitary work. Or the
asbestes or metal foil may be used in combination with the grooves before described.
Or instead of using the mould the space between the convolutions of the wire may
be filled in with solder by " wiping."
This invention is especially suitable for sanitary work as all metal supply overflow
soil and waste pipes may be connected to earthenware nozzles and traps by an
ordinary plumbers" wiped joint."
Also metal hinges, lids, covers, handles, and the like may be readily soldered to
jugs, teapots, cups, vases, ink pots, flasks, lamps and other articles of terra-cotta,
porcelain earthenware, glass and other vitrified substances.
Dated this Twenty-second day of November 1894.
T. E. HALFORD,
11 Furnival Street, London, E.C., Agent for Applicants.

page_text: An Improved Method of Securing Earthenware, Glass, and other
• Vitreous Substances to Metal by Means of Soldering or Brazing.
We NORMAN EDMUND COOKE Earthenware Manufacturer and CHARLES
RICHARDSON SOAR Engineer both of Swadlincote in the County of Derby do
hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement :-
This invention has for its object the connection of metal soil and waste pipes to
closet pans sink traps and the like also for securing handles to earthenware jugs,
ewers, tea-pots and the like and generally to enable metal pipes handles or other
articles to be attached to porcelain glass earthenware or other vitreous or vitrified
substances by means of soldering or brazing (being an improvement on a previous
invention for which Letters Patent were granted to Henry Woodcock and Thomas
Kiley numbered 749 and dated January 18th 1887).
Hitherto it has been customary to connect metal pipes to earthenware traps by
means of puttied cemented or screwed joints the former of which are unsatisfactory
and liable to leakage and the latter too expensive.
Various attempts have been made with more or less success to coat the surfaces
of traps and the like with metal by chemical means or by electro deposition.
Now according to this invention we form a spiral or other suitable groove in the
earthenware trap or other article to which a metal connection is to be soldered or
brazed.
After the article has been burnt we wind a metal wire to which solder or brazing
metal will adhere tightly round the article having first wrapped a thin sheet of
asbestos or other suitable material round the grooved portion of the article the said
wire lying in the grooves.
Each end of the wire is secured to a lug or other device formed on the trap or
other article. We then place the prepared trap in a mould and run in solder or
brazing metal until the spaces between the convolutions of wire are filled in with
metal.
Or we may wrap thin sheet metal or metal foil round the trap or other article
and bind it round with wire which is afterwards treated with solder or brazing
metal in the manner above described or in some cases the spaces between the
convolutions of wire may be filled in with solder by means of "wiping" although
we prefer to use the mould as the resulting surface is more even.
In the case of glass articles where it is not necessary that the joint between the
metal and the vitreous surfaces should be gas tight we use asbestos cloth for
wrapping round the material thus avoiding the risk of breaking the glass when the
molten solder is run on.
This invention is especially suitable for sanitary work as metal soil supply and
overflow pipes may be connected to earthenware traps or nozzles by an ordinary
plumbers wiped joint.
Also metal binges lids covers handles and the like may be readily soldered to
jugs tea-pots cups vases ink-pots lamps and other articles of terra-cotta porcelain
earthenware glass and other vitrified substances.
And in order that our said invention may be fully understood we will proceed to
explain the same with reference to the accompanying sheets of drawings in
which
Fig. 1 represents side view of a pedestal watercloset basin having flushing nozzle
and trap constructed according to this invention.

page_text: Fig. 4 is plan of same.
Fig. 5 is section of modified form of the invention.
Fig. 6 is section shewing method of casting metal round end of trap.
The same letters denote the same parts in all the figs.
a is the closet basin 6 the flushing nozzle, c the outgo of the trap.
The out-go of the trap and the flushing nozzle have a spiral groove on the
outside thereof round which is wrapped a piece of metal foil or asbestos paper or
thin millboard or other suitable material d.
Lead wire or lead covered or tinned wire f is then wrapped tightly round the
The moulds are then
outside of the foil or asbestos the wire lying in the groove.
placed over the prepared nozzle and melted solder or other suitable metal or alloy
run in through the orifice g. When the metal is sufficiently set the moulds are
removed leaving the nozzle and trap covered with a metal coating the joint
between the metal and the earthenware being perfectly gas tight.
We prefer to leave the portion of earthenware to be coated with metal
unglazed.
In some cases we may dispense with the groove and form a recess in the
earthenware instead which recess is filled with wire and metal as hereinbefore
described.
The moulds we prefer to use are made of metal polished inside and in two
portions as shewn for convenience in attaching to the article to be coated.
In the modification shewn by Figs. 5 and 6 the metal h is made to project beyond
the edge of the trap or other article as shewn and the trap or other article may
have a spiral groove or recess therein or not as most suitable.
If solder is used it may be " wiped" on to the wire instead of using a mould but
we prefer to use the moulds as then a smooth even surface is left to which to join
the metal connection.
Small articles such as tea-pots jugs and the like may be dipped into melted
solder to coat the lugs to which the handles or other articles are
attached.
to be
The metal pipe handle or other article is secured to the prepared metal surface
of the vitreous object by brazing soldering or lead burning in the same manner as
ordinary metal articles are secured to one another.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed we declare that what we
claim is :-
1. In a method of securing earthenware glass and other vitreous substances to
metal by soldering or brazing coating the surface of the earthenware porcelain or
other vitreous substance with metal by forming a spiral groove in the articles to be
coated wrapping metal foil or non-conducting material round the grooved portion
of the article and wire round the said foil or non-conductor and filling the spaces
between the convolutions of wire with a metal that will adhere to the said wire all
substantially as herein before specified.
2. In a method of securing earthenware glass and other vitreous substances to
metal by soldering or brazing coating the vitreous substance with metal substan-
tially as hereinbefore specified with reference to Figs. 5 and 6 of the accompanying
drawings.
3. The improved method of securing earthenware glass and other vitreous
substances to metal which consists in coating the vitreous substances with metal in
the manner herein before described and claimed and afterwards soldering or brazing
the metallic object to such coating substantially as hereinbefore specified.
4. In a method of securing earthenware glass and other vitreous substances to
metal by soldering or brazing the moulds for forming a metallic coating on the

page_text: vitreous substance substantially as hereinbefore specified and shewn by the
accompanying drawings.
Dated this 14th day of August 1895.
T. E HALFORD,
11, Furnival Street, Holborn, E.C., Agent for Applicants.