Year: 1894

page_text: Date of Application, 2nd Jan, 1894
Complete Specification Left, 2nd Oct., 1894-Accepted, 3rd Nov., 1894

page_text: under side of the first-mentioned piece, is not exactly parallel with the top face of
the holder 5 or with the top of the lowermost piece containing the dowels, the
oscillation of the holder 5 will take place upon its pivot 4 to whatever extent is
necessary to bring the top face of the uppermost piece into parallelism with the
bottom of the plate 7. I thus insure that there shall be a tight joint between all
of the pieces joined together, provided only their abutting faces are plane surfaces.
I thus overcome the difficulty which would otherwise result from the want of
parallelism which often occurs between the opposite edges of the pieces from which
barrel heads are formed, which divergence is not material when the pieces are
doweled together by hand but which would prevent the performance of tight and
perfect work in a machine having rigid plates for forcing the pieces together.
The relative movement of the work-holding and dowel-holding devices, whereby
the insertion of the dowel is caused, may be effected by various mechanisms.
I prefer, however, to employ a rack 9 attached to the frame 3 and engaged by the
geared pinion 10 mounted on the frame 1 by a shaft 11 provided with a hand and
fly wheel 12.
I will now set forth in detail my preferred means for preparing the dowels for
insertion in the pieces which they are to join and for holding them while they are
in the act of being inserted. These devices are mounted upon the plate 7
herein before referred to and may be of any desired number, the machine illustrated
containing two sets of such devices. As these sets are similar the description of
one will suffice for both.
13 is a box-shaped holder secured firmly to the plate 7, the latter, as also the
said box, being provided with an aperture in its bottom of sufficient length and
size to receive the upper edge of the piece to be doweled.
14 is the stationary cutting die fitting within the box 13 and secured by vertical
bolts 15. The die 14 is formed with a vertical socket in which are inserted upper
and lower cutters 16, having a through aperture 17 for the wire from which the
dowels are formed, and beveled faces 18. The die 14 is made in two parts, an
upper and a lower, which are formed with correspondingly beveled faces 19 thus
forming recesses into which the movable die enters horizontally to shear the wire.
The movable die is shown at 20 and is made in two parts separable upon a
vertical plane, each provided with a horizontal socket in which fits a cutter 21.
Each part of the die 20 is formed with beveled faces 22 corresponding with the
faces 18 and adapted to move or slide in contact with the same as the act of cutting
is performed. The cutters 21 are flattened on their front faces at 23, forming
cutting edges 24 at the angles whereon the faces 22 and 23 meet. To sharpen the
dies it is simply necessary to slightly grind the faces 23. It will thus be seen
that the movement of the die 20 toward and past the die 14 will cut a wire situated
in the aperture 17, removing from the wire two small segments and leaving upon
the two severed pieces of the wire chisel-shaped edges extending in a direction
crosswise of the machine and consequently crosswise of the grain of the pieces
which are to be doweled together.
The movement of the die 20 is effected by the following mechanism: 25 indicates
slots formed in the stationary die, or in some part connected therewith, with which
engage projections or pins carried by the die 20 for the purpose of keeping the
latter accurately in line with the stationary die during its reciprocation. Such
projections or pins may be furnished by the outer projecting ends of the cutters 21.
At 125 are shown a pair of links pivoted at 26 to the stationary die and having at
their forward ends a transverse rock-shaft 27 carrying a cam 28 adapted to engage
the outer end 29, preferably of a beveled or rounded form, of the movable die 20.
As the links 125 are depressed the cam 28 engages with its small radius the end 29,
and the farther downward movement of said links causes the cam to turn bringing
its greater radii gradually to bear upon the end of the die. The movable die is
thus forced inward with great power to shear the wire. At 30 are shown springs
situated between the stationary and movable dies and adapted to normally keep
them separated, with the links 125 in their elevated position. All of the sets of

page_text: movable dies are preferably operated simultaneously from one hand lever, and to
this end the links 125 of each set are connected by a transverse rod or shaft
having a hand lever 32. I further provide a gripper by which the wire is held
from longitudinal movement while its lower ends are being forced into pieces to be
doweled, and while the cutting of the wire already described is being performed.
33 indicates a stationary gripping jaw firmly secured to but removable from a
holder 34. Opposite to said jaw said holder has formed in its inner faces grooves 36,
Fig. 1. In the latter fit ribs formed upon the sides of the movable gripper 38, the
gripping jaw piece of which is shown at 39 and which also is removable. By
removing these jaw pieces and substituting others of different thickness various
diameters of wire may be accurately gripped with the proper degree of force.
40 indicates links pivoted at 41 to the holder 34 and having a cross-piece 42
furnished with a socket 43. 44 is a lever fitting at its outer end in said socket and
engaging by its inner end a similar socket 45 formed in the movable gripper 38.
Springs s (Fig. 12) of usual character are interposed between the parts 34 and 38
and which serve to keep the gripping jaws normally separated, leaving the wire
free to be fed to the cutters. By depressing the cross-piece 42, the lever 44 will
be caused to force the gripper 38 inward with great power to securely hold the
wire. The levers of each set of grippers are connected to a transverse rod or
bar 35 which in turn is provided with a hand lever 48. The gripping devices are
mounted above the cutting dies and are preferably situated within the same box
frame 13, which is made sufficiently high for the purpose.
1 further provide suitable means for feeding the wire to the gripping and
cutting devices, said means consisting preferably of a vertical guide 50 mounted
upon the box 13, or other support upon which is mounted and adapted to be
reciprocated vertically a gripping jaw 51, and an opposing jaw 52. The latter is
provided with recesses in which fit horizontal pins 53 carried by the jaw 51 and
adapted to hold the jaws in proper vertical relation one to the other while permitting
a slight horizontal movement of the jaw 52 toward and from the other. Springs 54
interposed between the jaws tend to keep them slightly separated.
55 is a hand lever pivoted at 56 upon a fixed support and provided with
substantially horizontal slots 57 which are engaged by the ends of a transverse
pin 58 passing through the sliding jaw 51. A vertical oscillation of the lever 55
will consequently reciprocate the jaw 1, carrying with it the jaw 52, upon the
guide 50. Between said jaws passes the wire from which the dowels are to be
formed and which is furnished from, a reel or any desired source of supply.
59 is a cam pivoted at 60 in or upon the lever 55 and engaging the outer face
of the jaw 52. A weight 61 formed with or attached to the said cam maintains the
cam surface in contact with said jaw, the point of contact being slightly below the
pivot 60. The downward movement of the lever 55 already referred to causes
the cam surface to bite the jaw 52, pressing the latter tightly against the wire and
confining the same against the jaw 51. The further movement of the lever 55 will
cause the wire to be carried downward for a predetermined distance, which will be
the length of the dowels which are to be formed. The reverse or upward movement
of the lever 55 immediately trees the jaw 52 from the pressure of cam 59 and both
of the jaws will slide vertically upon the wire without raising it. In order that
the wire may be fed in both or all of the sets of doweling devices by a single
movement of the hand I connect the several levers 55 in said sets by a transverse
rod 62 having a hand lever 63, and adjusting nuts.
The apparatus being constructed and organized as hereinbefore described, or in
an equivalent manner, its operation is as follows:-The holder 5 being in its
lowermost position, the operator by means of the hand lever 63 feeds the wire
down through the gripping and cutting devices and by means of the lever 32 the
cutters are operated and chisel-shaped edges produced upon the lower ends of the
wires as already described. The wires are then fed by another movement of
the lever 63 for a distance equal to the length of the dowels to be produced
whereupon by depressing the gripper lever 48 the wires will be firmly secured.

page_text: Their lower ends will then project below the lowermost cutter 16 for a distance
equal to half the length of the dowel, which will be the distance the dowel is to
be inserted in one of the pieces to be joined together. One of said pieces to be
joined, for instance, a piece of a barrel head, is then placed upon the holder 5
between the bars 6 and the fingers 8, as indicated at 64. The operator then turns
the hand-wheel 12, forcing the piece 64 against the bottoms of the cutting dies
and causing the dowels to enter for half their length into its upper surface or
edge. The cutter lever 32 is then again operated severing the dowels from the
continuous portions of the wires and leaving upon both the dowels and the wires
chisel-shaped cutting edges, as already described. By means of the wheel 12 the
holder 5 carrying the piece 64 with the dowels 65 inserted therein is then lowered
a short distance. Opportunity is now given to flag the head, the flag being
pressed down by the operator over the upwardly projecting ends of the dowels.
The holder 5 is then, by the wheel 12, depressed to its lowermost position and
the next piece of the head, shown at 66, is placed in position resting against the
bars 6 and upon the points of the dowels 65. The grips are then released, the
wire fed downward, the grips again caused to engage it, and the holder 5 forced
upward as before. At this operation the piece 66 is forced downward upon the
dowel 65 and tightly against the piece 64 and at the same time receives in its upper
edge the dowels 67. The latter are then severed from the wire by the operation
of the cutting dies, the holder 5 lowered, and the upper edge of the piece 66
flagged, as before described. This procedure is repeated until a sufficient number
of pieces have been joined together for the purpose in view. In the illustration I
have shown the head as being composed of the pieces 64 and 66, already mentioned
and of the third piece 68. As no dowels are inserted into the upper edge of this
piece, it is forced upon the dowels 67 and against the piece 66, by the upward
movement of holder 5, as already described, but without preliminarily feeding the
wires downward. During the vertical movement of the holder the pieces
operated upon may be steadied against the bars 6 by a slight pressure of the
operator's hand.
Dated this 2nd day of January 1894.
H. CAMPBELL,
Per W. H. Beck,
115, Cannon Street, London, Agent.
Method of and Machine for Dowelling.
I, HENRY CAMPBELL of 1115 Harlem Avenue in the City of Baltimore,
State of Maryland United States of America, Mechanical Engineer do hereby
declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement :-
It is the object of my invention to provide a labor-saving method and machine
whereby the operation of cutting, and inserting dowels in two pieces of wood or
other material to be joined may be performed. In the following Specification
I have described and shown my invention as especially adapted to the doweling of
heads for barrels, kegs, casks and similar vessels, but it will be understood that the
invention may be availed of for many other purposes.
With such object in view my invention consists in the method of procedure, and
in the parts and combinations thereof, hereinafter more particularly set forth and
claimed, and in order to make the same more clearly understood I have shown in
the drawings accompanying the Provisional Specification filed with my application
for a Patent means for carrying my improvements into practical effect, without,

page_text: -
however, intending to limit their application to the particular construction which,
for the sake of illustration, I have therein delineated. In the said drawings :-
Figure is a vertical sectional view of a doweling machine embodying my
invention.
Figure 2 is a vertical section on line A-B of Figure 1.
Figure 3 is a horizontal sectional view on line CD Figure 1.
Figure 4 is a central vertical section taken between the two parts of the
movable die.
Figure is a side view of the corresponding stationary die having its side
portions removed.
Figure 6 is a top plan view of the movable die.
Figure 7 is a horizontal sectional view of the stationary die having its side
portions indicated in dotted lines.
Figure 8 is an end view of the movable die.
Figure 9 is an end view of the stationary die.
Figure 10 is a perspective view of one of the movable die cutters.
Figure 11 is a similar view of one of the stationary die cutters and-
Figure 12 is a vertical sectional view similar to Figure 2 of the doweling head.
Referring to the said drawings 1 indicates a frame adapted to rest firmly or to
be secured upon the floor or other suitable foundation, and provided at its sides
with vertical guides 2 of any suitable character. 3 is a vertically movable frame
fitting said guides and carrying upon a transverse pivot 4 an oscillatory support or
holder 5. At 6 are shown vertical guide rods or supports in proximity to which
the holder 5 reciprocates and which serve to maintain in proper alignment with the
dowel holding devices hereinafter described the pieces of wood or other substance
which are to be doweled together to form a barrel head or other article. The
rods 6 are carried by a transverse bar or plate 7 attached to the frame 1. 8 indicates
spring arms or fingers attached to the holder 5 and adapted to co-operate with the
rods 6 in supporting the parts to be doweled. If the top surface of the piece into
which the dowels are to be inserted, or which is to be forced by the movement of
the frame 3 against the plate 7 (or against the dies carried thereby) for the
purposes of causing dowels previously inserted in a lower piece to enter the
under side of the first mentioned piece, is not exactly parallel with the top face of
the holder 5 or with the top of the lowermost piece containing the dowels, the
oscillation of the holder 5 will take place upon its pivot 4 to whatever extent is
necessary to bring the top face of the uppermost piece into parallelism with the
bottom of the plate 7. I thus insure that there shall be a tight joint between all
of the pieces joined together, provided only their abutting faces are plane surfaces.
I thus overcome the difficulty which would otherwise result from the want of
parallelism which often occurs between the opposite edges of the pieces from which
barrel heads are formed, which divergence is not material when the pieces are
doweled together by hand but which would prevent the performance of tight and
perfect work in a machine having rigid plates for forcing the pieces together.
The relative movement of the work holding and dowel holding devices whereby
the insertion of the dowel is caused may be effected by various mechanisms.
I prefer, however, to employ a rack 9 attached to the frame 3 and engaged by
the geared pinion 10 mounted on the frame 1 by a shaft II provided with a hand
and fly wheel 12.
I will now set forth in detail my preferred means for preparing the dowels for
insertion in the pieces which they are to join and for holding them while they are
in the act of being inserted. These devices are mounted upon the plate 7 herein-
before referred to and may be of any desired number, the machine illustrated
containing two sets of such devices. As these sets are similar the description of
one will suffice for both.
13 is a box-shaped holder secured firmly to the plate 7, the latter, as also the
said box, being provided with an aperture in its bottom of sufficient length and
size to receive the upper edge of the piece to be doweled. 14 is the stationary

page_text: cutting die fitting within the box 13 and secured by vertical bolts 15 The die 14
is formed with a vertical socket in which are inserted upper and lower cutters 16,
having a through aperture 17 for the wire from which the dowels are formed, and
beveled faces 18. The die 14 is made in two parts, an upper and a lower, which
are formed with correspondingly beveled faces 19 thus forming recesses into which
the movable die enters horizontally to shear the wire. The movable die is shown
at 20 and is made in two parts separable upon a vertical plane, each provided with
a horizontal socket in which fits a cutter 21. Each part of the die 20 is formed
with beveled faces 22 corresponding with the faces 18 and adapted to move or slide
in contact with the same as the act of cutting is performed. The cutters 21 are
flattened on their front faces at 23, forming cutting edges 24 at the angles whereon
the faces 22 and 23 meet. To sharpen the dies it is simply necessary to slightly
grind the faces 23. It will thus be seen that the movement of the die 20 towards
and past the die 14 will cut a wire situated in the aperture 17, removing from
the wire two small segments and leaving upon the two severed pieces of the wire
chisel-shaped edges extending in a direction crosswise of the machine and
consequently crosswise of the grain of the pieces which are to be doweled together.
The movement of the die 20 is effected by the following mechanism.
25 indicates slots formed in the stationary die, or in some part, connected
therewith, with which engage projections or pins carried by the die 20 for the
purpose of keeping the latter accurately in line with the stationary die during its
reciprocation. Such projections or pins may be furnished by the outer projecting
ends of the cutters 21. At 125 are shown a pair of links pivoted at 26 to the
stationary die and having at their forward ends a transverse rockshaft 27 carrying a
cam 28 adapted to engage the outer end 29, preferably of a beveled or rounded
form, of the movable die 20. As the links 125 are depressed the cam 28 engages
with its small radius the end 29, and the further downward movement of said links
causes the cam to turn bringing its greater radii gradually to bear upon the end of
the die. The movable die is thus forced inward with great power the shear the
wire. At 30 are shown springs situated between the stationary and movable dies
and adapted to normally keep them separated, with the links 125 in their elevated
position.
All of the sets of movable are preferably operated simultaneously from one
hand lever, and to this end the links 125 of each set are connected by a transverse
rod or shaft having a hand lever 32.
I further provide a gripper by which the wire is held from longitudinal movement
while its lower ends are being forced into the pieces to be doweled, and while the
cutting of the wire already described is being performed.
33 indicates a stationary gripping jaw firmly secured to but removable from a
holder 34. Opposite to said jaw said holder has formed in its inner faces grooves 36
(Figure 1). In the latter fit ribs formed upon the sides of the movable gripper 38,
the gripping jaw piece of which is shown at 39 and which also is removable. By
removing these jaw pieces and substituting others of different thickness various
diameters of wire may be accurately gripped with the proper degree of force.
40 indicates links pivoted at 41 to the holder 34 and having a cross-piece 42
furnished with a socket 43. 44 is a lever fitting at its outer end in said socket and
engaging by its inner end a similar socket 45 formed in the movable gripper 38.
Springs S (Figure 12) of usual character are interposed between the parts 34
and 38 and which serve to keep the gripping jaws normally separated, leaving the wire
free to be fed to the cutters. By depressing the cross-piece 42, the lever 44 will
be caused to force the gripper 38 inwards with great power to securely hold the
wire. The levers of each set of grippers are connected to a transverse rod or
bar 35 which in turn is provided with a hand lever 48.
The gripping devices are mounted above the cutting dies and are preferably
situated within the same box frame 13, which is made sufficiently high for the purpose.
I further provide suitable means for feeding the wire to the gripping and cutting
devices, said means consisting preferably of a vertical guide 50 mounted upon the

page_text: Springs 54
box 13, or other support, upon which is mounted and adapted to be reciprocated
vertically a gripping jaw 51, and an opposing jaw 52. The latter is provided with
recesses in which fit horizontal pins 53 carried by the jaw 51 and adapted to hold
the jaws in proper vertical relation one to the other while permitting a slight
horizontal movement of the jaw 52 towards and from the other.
interposed between the jaws tend to keep them slightly separated. 55 is a hand
lever pivotted at 56 upon a fixed support and provided with substantially horizontal
slots 57 which are engaged by the ends of a transverse pin 58 passing through the
sliding jaw 51. A vertical oscillation of the lever 55 will consequently reciprocate
the jaw 51, carrying with it the jaw 52, upon the guide 50. Between said jaws
passes the wire from which the dowels are to be formed and which is furnished
from a reel or any desired source of supply. 59 is a cam pivotted at 60 in or
upon the lever 55 and engaging the outer face of the jaw 52. A weight 61
formed with or attached to the said cam maintains the cam surface in contact
with said jaw, the point of contact being slightly below the pivot 60. The
downward movement of the lever 55 already referred to causes the cam surface to
bite the jaw 52, pressing the latter tightly against the wire and confining the
same against the jaw 51. The further movement of the lever 55 will cause the
wire to be carried downward for a predetermined distance, which will be the length
of the dowels which are to be formed. The reverse or upward movement of the
lever 55 immediately frees the jaw 52 from the pressure of cam 59 and both of
the jaws will slide vertically upon the wire without raising it. In order that the
wire may be fed in both or all of the sets of dowelling devices by a single movement
of the hand I connect the several levers 55 in said sets by a transverse rod 62
having a hand lever 63, and adjusting nuts.
The apparatus being constructed and organised as hereinbefore described, or in
an equivalent manner, its operation is as follows:-
The holder 5 being in its lowermost position, the operator, by means of the hand
lever 63, feeds the wire down through the gripping and cutting devices and by
means of the lever 32 the cutters are operated and chisel-shaped edges produced
upon the lower ends of the wires as already described. The wires are then fed by
another movement of the lever 63 for a distance equal to the length of the dowels
to be produced whereupon by depressing the gripper lever 48 the wires will be
firmly secured. Their lower ends will then project below the lowermost cutter 16
for a distance equal to half the length of the dowel, which will be the distance the
dowel is to be inserted in one of the pieces to be joined together. One of said pieces
to be joined, for instance, a piece of a barrel head, is then placed upon the holder 5
between the bars 6 and the fingers 8, as indicated at 64. The operator then turns
the hand-wheel 12, forcing the piece 64 against the bottoms of the cutting dies and
causing the dowels to enter for half their length into its upper surface or edge.
The cutter lever 32 is then again operated, severing the dowels from the continuous
portions of the wires and leaving upon both the dowels and the wires chisel-shaped
cutting edges, as already described. By means of the wheel 12 the holder 5
carrying the piece 64 with the dowels 65 inserted therein is then lowered a short
distance.
Opportunity is now given to flag the head, the flag being pressed down by the
operator over the upwardly projecting ends of the dowels. The holder 5 is then,
by the wheel 12, depressed to its lowermost position and the next piece of the head,
shown at 66, is placed in position resting against the bars 6 and upon the points
of the dowels 65. The grips are then released, the wire fed downwards, the
grips again caused to engage it, and the holder 5 forced upwards as before.
this operation the piece 66 is forced downwards upon the dowels 65 and tightly
against the piece 64 and at the same time receives in its upper edge the dowels 67.
The latter are then severed from the wire by the operation of the cutting dies, the
holder 5 lowered, and the upper edge of the piece 66 flagged, as before described.
This procedure is repeated until a sufficient number of pieces have been joined
At

page_text: together for the purpose in view. In the illustration I have shown the head as
being composed of the pieces 64 and 66, already mentioned and of the third
piece 68. As no dowels are inserted into the upper edge of this piece, it is forced
upon the dowels 67 and against the piece 66, by the upward movement of holder 5,
as already described, but without preliminarily feeding the wires downward.
During the vertical movement of the holder 5 the pieces operated upon may be
steadied against the bars 6 by a slight pressure of the operator's hand.
Having thus particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
First. The herein described method of dowelling which consists in first causing
the end of a continuous dowel strip, rod or wire to be inserted in one of the pieces
to be joined, then severing the wire at a distance from said piece, and then forcing
said piece, and the other piece to be joined, together, substantially as set forth.
Second. The herein described method of dowelling which consists in first causing
the end of a continuous dowel strip, rod or wire to be inserted in one of the pieces
to be joined, then severing the wire at a distance from said piece and forming
cutting edges on the wire at each side of the point of severance, and then forcing
said piece, and the other piece to be joined, together, substantially as set forth.
Third. In a dowelling machine, the combination of a holder or rest for the
work, means for holding the pieces to be joined in line with each other, devices for
cutting and holding the dowels, and mechanism for causing said holder and
devices to approach each other to insert the dowels, substantially as set forth.
Fourth. In a dowelling machine, the combination with the dowel cutting and
holding devices and means for holding the pieces to be joined in line with each
other, of a freely oscillatory work holder mounted upon a pivot or hinge,
substantially as set forth.
Fifth. In a dowelling machine, the combination of a work holder, means for
holding the pieces to be joined in line with each other, cutters for forming the
dowels, and feeding and gripping devices for supplying the material for the dowels
from a continuous wire or rod substantially as set forth.
Sixth. In a dowelling machine, the combination with means for holding or
supporting the work, of dowelling cutters having four co-operating cutting edges
operating to sever the dowels and form on each of the same at the point of severance
a central chisel edge, and mechanism for causing said dowels and the work to be
forced together, substantially as set forth.
Seventh. In a dowelling machine, the dowel-cutting devices comprising opposite
dies having a longitudinal passage for the material from which the dowels are to
be formed, and having faces bevilled to a central line, and bevilled cutters or dies
correspondingly bevilled to fit said faces and movable transversely of the first
mentioned cutters or dies, substantially as set forth.
Eighth. The combination with the dowel holding devices of the vertically
movable work holder, mechanism for actuating the same, and the guide 6 along
which the pieces to be joined together are adapted to slide, substantially as set
forth.
Ninth. In a dowelling machine the combination with the dowel holding devices,
of a frame movable toward and from said devices, the pivot 4 carried by said frame,
a work holder mounted on said pivot, springs for maintaining said holder in a
normal or average position but adapted to yield to enable the work to be presented
properly to the dowels, and mechanism for moving said frame, and guides for the
pieces of work to be joined, substantially as set forth.
Tenth. In a dowelling machine the combination of a work holder movable as
described, guides 6 arranged parallel to its line of movement, and adapted to
maintain in line with each other the pieces to be joined, holding devices for the
dowels, and cutters movable transversely to said workholder and adapted to produce

page_text: chisel edges upon the dowels extending crosswise to the grain of the pieces to be
joined, substantially as set forth.
Did thin and dor of October 1801
H.
CAMPBELL,
Per W. H. Beck,
115, Cannon Street, London, Agent.
H. CAMPBELL,
Per W. H. Beck,
115, Cannon Street, London, Agent.