Improvements in Pneumatic Tyres.
Year: 1897

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Pneumatic Tyres.
We, ALFRED WHITEWAY, of Hamilton Road, Longsight, Manchester, Sub-
Manager, and CHAS. MACINTOSHI & Co. LIMITED, of Cambridge Street, Manchester,
Indiarubber Manufacturers, do hereby declare the nature of this invention
to be as follows:-
Our said invention relates to improvements in pneumatic tyres for cycles and
other vehicles and is applicable to tyres with and without separate inflating tubes.
According to one part of our said invention we apply to the surface of the tyre
which lies next the rim one or more strips of canvas or similar fabric which are
cut or woven on the straight i.e: with the threads running in a circumferential
direction round the rim and at right angles thereto. Strips of fabric applied in
this manner are substantially inextensible in the direction of their length. Such
strips are cut of such length and are applied so as to form the shortest circum-
ference of the tyre and by their longitudinal inelasticity they act so as to hold
the tyre to the rim when inflated. In the case of a tyre having a separate inner
inflating tube and an outer covering giving access to the inner tube through the
base of the outer covering the edges of the outer cover are brought into proximity
or caused to overlap and the joint is covered by applying to the outside thereof
such a strip or strips of straight canvas as hereinbefore described. In this case
the straight canvas acts as above described and also serves to complete the joint.
If a suitable cement is used for this purpose it may be stripped and the joint
opened to give access to the inflating tube.
According to another part of our said invention we so mould or fashion the
outer cover as to provide side abutments extending over and outside the rim. In
the case of what are known as single tube tyres i.e. tyres without a separate inflat-
ing tube such side abutments are applied to the tubular tyre itself. These lateral
abutments which may take the form of beadings enlargements or annular ledges
formed by thinning the tyre where it enters the rim come into contact with the
edges of the rim or felloe and materially minimise or prevent rolling of the tyre.
When the two parts of our said invention are combined an extremely rigid tyre
is obtained inasmuch as the abutments and the inextensible canvas aid each other
in overcoming rolling or lateral deflection due to side stresses on the tyre and thus
act so as to prevent side slip to which pneumatic tyres as heretofore constructed
are liable in some states of the road.
E. T. WHITELOW, A.M. Inst. C.E.,
70, Deansgate, Manchester, Agent for the Applicants.

page_text: Improvements in Pneumatic Tyres.
We, ALFRED WHITEWAY, of Hamilton Road, Longsight, Manchester, Sub-
Manager, and CHAS. MACINTOSH & CO. LIMITED; of Cambridge Street, Manchester,
Indiarubber Manufacturers, do hereby declare the nature of this invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement:-
0
Our said invention relates to improvements in pneumatic tyres for cycles and
other vehicles.
In the accompanying drawing to which reference is hereinafter made
Fig. 1 is a cross section of what is known as a single tube tyre.
Fig. 2 is a cross section of what is known as a double tube tyre, that is, a tyre
having a separate inner inflating tube c.
According to one part of our said invention we apply to that part a¹ of the
outer surface of the tyre a which lies next the rim 6 one or more strips of canvas
or similar fabric cut or woven on the straight that is to say with the threads run-
ning in a circumferential direction round the rim and at right angles thereto.
Strips of fabric applied in this manner are substantially inextensible in the direc-
tion of their length. Applied in the manner above described they form the shortest
circumference of the tyre and by their longitudinal inelasticity they act so as to
hold the tyre to the rim when inflated. In the case of a double tube tyre the edges
of the outer cover may be brought into proximity at a² or caused to overlap through-
out their length and the joint be covered by applying to the outside thereof such
a strip or strips of straight canvas as hereinbefore described in which case the
straight canvas serves to complete the joint. Or in another form of a double tube
tyre the outer cover may form a closed tube having one or more slits for the pur-
pose of access to or insertion or withdrawal of the inner tube, such slit or slits are
covered or closed by the straight canvas.
In the case of a double tube tyre the straight canvas is caused to adhere to the
outer tube with such an imperfectly adhesive cement as for example indiarubber
solution as will adhere with sufficient tenacity to make an efficient joint while
remaining sufficiently plastic or partially adhesive as to enable the canvas to be
stripped from the outer cover when it is desired to open the joint to get at the
inner tube.
According to another part of our said invention we so mould or otherwise fashion
the outer cover as to provide side abutments d outside of the rim. In the case
of a single tube tyre such side abutments are applied to the tubular tyre itself.
These lateral abutments come into contact with the edges of the rim and materially
minimise or prevent rolling of the tyre. They may take the form of beadings
enlargements or annular ledges (the latter being formed by thinning the part of
the tyre resting in the rim) and may be continuous round the circumference or
may be discontinuous.
When the two parts of our said invention are combined an extremely rigid
tyre is obtained inasmuch as the abutments and the inextensible canvas aid each
other in overcoming rolling or lateral deflection due to side stresses on the tyre
and thus act so as to hinder the side slip to which pneumatic tyres are liable in
some states of the road.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed we declare that what
we claim is:―
1.—A pneumatic tyre having a circumferential strip or strips of straight cut or

page_text: woven canvas or the like material on the surface of the tyre coming next the rim
substantially as and for the purpose set forth.
2. A pneumatic tyre having external lateral abutments substantially as and
for the purpose set forth.
3. A single tube pneumatic tyre having lateral abutments and a strip or strips
of straight cut or woven canvas applied to the external surface of the tyre which
lies next the rim substantially as and for the purpose set forth.
4. The combination with a double tube pneumatic tyre cover of one or more
straight cut or woven canvas strips applied to the cover where it comes next the
rim by means of an imperfectly adhesive cement substantially as and for the pur-
pose set forth.
5. In a double tube pneumatic tyre an outer cover having lateral abutments
in combination with one or more straight cut or woven canvas strips applied by
means of an imperfectly adhesive cement to that part of the tyre cover which
comes next the rim substantially as and for the purpose set forth.
Dated this 27th day of April 1898.
E. T. WHITELOW, A.M. Inst. C.E.,
70, Deansgate, Manchester, Agent for the Applicants.