IMPROVEMENTS IN APPA- RATUS FOR BOILING, COOLING, AND FERMENTING MALT LIQUORS, PART OF WHIOH MAY BE APPLIED TO OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1861

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Thomas Haigh, of Liverpool, in the County of Lau.
caster, Common Brewer, and Robert Adam Robertson, of the same
Place, Brewers' Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPA-
RATUS FOR BOILING, COOLING, AND FERMENTING MALT LIQUORS, PART OF WHIOH
MAY BE APPLIED TO OTHER PURPOSES."
Sealed the 30th August 1861, and dated the 2nd March 1861.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Thomas Haigh and Robert
Adam Robertson at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 2nd March 1861.
I THOMAS HAIGH, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, Common
Brewer, and ROBERT ADAM ROBERTSON, of the same Place, Brewers'
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS APPLICABLE TO BOILING, COOLING, AND FERMENTING
MALT LIQUORS, PART OF WHICH MAY BE APPLIED TO OTHER PURPOSES," to be as
follows (that is to say):-
This Invention consists, first, in an improved form of pan for boiling
the worts in, and is heated by steam. It is preferred to form the pan
circular sided, by using curved sections of cast metal bolted together by
external vertical flanches, and having a steam-tight double bottom; the
lower bottom being by preference formed of cast metal, the inner surface
of which is concave, having a number of vertical stud pieces cast thereon,
[Price S1

page_text: on which the upper bottom rests; the upper bottom is by preference
formed of copper, and is sufficiently concave to allow the whole of the
worts to be drawn off into the hop back by means of a pipe, the head of
which extends through the double bottom and opens into the centre of
the inner bottom of the vessel. This pipe is provided at the upper end
with a suitable valve. The steam for heating the pan is introduced
between the upper and lower bottoms through a pipe connected with
the lower bottom and an ordinary steam boiler. The condensed water
escapes by a suitable pipe introduced into the lower portion of the under
bottom, and is by that means reconveyed as feed water to the steam
boiler.
The improved cooling or refrigerating apparatus consists of a number
of small pipes placed vertically, or at a small angle to the vertical linc,
and arranged round a centre or any other convenient way parallel to
and a little apart from each other. The ends of the pipes at the top and
bottom are soldered or screwed into transverse dises or other suitably
shaped plates, the ends of the pipes opening through the upper and
lower transverse plates. These small pipes and the transverse plates
to which they are connected are enclosed within a cylindrical or other
suitably shaped water-tight casing, which is a little longer than the
space between the upper and lower discs, so as to form a small chamber
at each end, the outer casing being closed at the ends by suitable covers,
which can be removed for the purpose of cleaning the small pipes. A
short horizontal branch pipe on the side of the chamber communicates
with a vertical pipe of a capacity equal to about the whole of the
smaller enclosed tubes described. This vertical pipe is placed parallel
to and a short distance from the outer casing containing the small tubes,
and at the reverse end turns at a right angle, and communicates through
a small chamber similar to that from which it leads with another set of
enclosed vertical tubes like those described, and so on, as any number
of sets of the small vertical pipes, with their transverse plates, en-
closures, and so forth, as found desirable, may be used. The interior of
the upper portion of the cylindrical casing of, say, the first of the series,
is connected with the lower end of the second of the series by an
external pipe, and the upper part of the second is connected with the
lower end of the third of the series, and the third with the fourth, and
so on in like manner. The object of this pipe is to form a water passage
between the chambers in which the small pipes are enclosed, by which
arrangement the exterior of the smaller pipes are surrounded by water
between the upper and lower transverse plates to which they are
attached. The liquid to be cooled passes from the hop back through a
pipe into the chamber on the upper end of the first series of enclosed

page_text: pipes; it then passes down through the small pipes into the chamber on
the lower end thereof; then through a branch pipe into the small
chamber on the upper end of the next series of small pipes, where it
subdivides and passes down through the small pipes into the chamber
at the reverse end, where it again passes through a branch pipe into
the upper chamber on the upper end of the third series of small en-
closed pipes, and so on through any number of sets of the enclosed pipes,
and so forth, as may be found necessary, after which the cooled liquid
passes into a working square, which will be hereafter described. The
cold water used to suround the small enclosed pipes is drawn from a
cistern of a peculiar description placed some distance above the re-
frigerating apparatus, and is introduced into the first of the series of
chambers in which the sets of small pipes are enclosed at a point near
the bottom immediately above the lower transverse plates to which the
small vertical pipes are connected, the water entirely surrounding the
vertical pipes between the upper and lower transverse plates on the
upper and lower ends of the pipe. The water is then carried down
through a branch pipe on the exterior of the outer casing into the
interior of the outer casing of the second of the series at a point above
the plate to which the lower ends of the second of the series of small
pipes are attached, surrounding the pipes, and then passing out through
a branch pipe and entering the third of the series of enclosing vessels
in the same way, and so on through the whole of the series, when it
passes up through a pipe and again returns to the supply cistern through
the bottom near one end. This system of pipes, cistern, and so forth,
may be used with advantage for the purpose of condensing the products
of distillation as well as for cooling and heating liquids.
The supply
cistern is enclosed on the top and sides, and divided by vertical partitions
into, say, three, four, or more compartments; the heated water passing
into one of the end compartments rises to the top, and the lower stratum
of cooler water passes through an opening in the vertical partition near
the bottom of the cistern into the next compartment; the water in the
second compartment escaping through a like side opening into the third
compartment; and the water of the third compartment passes into the
fourth compartment, and so on through any number of chambers into
which the cistern may be divided, until it arrives at the last, into which
the down supply pipes open. The object of this arrangement is to
prevent the hot and cold water mingling together so readily as it would
do if there were no divisions to separate the outlet from the inlet pipes.
The vertical partitions are carried above the surface of the water, and
being enclosed at the top and sides, are made use of to form a zig-zag
passage for a current of air over the surface of the water. The air is

page_text: admitted at one side of the chamber immediately above the cold water
supply pipe, and passes to the end of the chamber, thence through a
side opening into the next chamber, out of which it passes to the next
chamber by a side opening at the reverse end of the next vertical
partition into the next compartment, and so on to the last, where it
enters a flue which leads the air to the ash-pit of the steam boiler or
other furnace, which causes a perpetual draught over the surface of the
water in the supply cistern.
The improvements applicable to the working square consist in a
hollow floating cover of a peculiar form, and in certain apparatus con-
nected therewith, part of which regulates the temperature of the worts
during fermentation. The portion of the apparatus which controls the
temperature is self-acting, and may be applied to many useful purposes.
The improved floating cover is by preference formed of copper with ver-
tical sides, which are nearly in contact with the inner side of the square
in which it floats. The under side of the hollow float is formed of a flat
pyramidal form, from the apex of which rises a short open tube, which
projects a short distance above the upper flat surface of the cover to allow
the yeast to work through, where it can fall upon the top of the floating
cover, whose edges are sufficiently raised to form a tray to receive it.
When the worts are in a high state of fermentation, it is sometimes pre-
ferred to slip a nose pipe on or into the short vertical pipe which passes
vertically through the cover conveying the yeast into a suitable receptacle
at the side of the square. The gravity of the floating cover is regulated"
by water introduced or withdrawn from the internal cavity by a flexible
or jointed pipe fitted to and passing through the upper surface of the
hollow floating cover. The temperature of the worts in the working
square is regulated by an apparatus which consists of a hollow cylindrical
or other suitably shaped vessel, having a number of tubes passing through
it in a vertical or any other convenient direction. These pipes or tubes
are open at each end, forming passages through the body of the vessel,
and thereby presenting a large amount of cooling or heating surface in
the centre of the body of the worts in which it is immersed.
A body of water is conveyed into the body of the temperating vessel by
a pipe, and is carried out by another pipe, so that a continuous stream
of water may be passed through the temperating vessel. The water
supply valve of the temperating vessel is actuated by the expansion and
contraction of the air in the hollow floating cover of the working square,
an air pipe being used to connect the interior of the hollow floating
cover with the interior of a small apparatus resembling a gasometer,
except that mercury is used in place of water in making good the joints,
and which is enclosed in an air-tight casing having a considerable air

page_text: space above the inverted vessel or gasometer. The centre of the gaso-.
meter is fitted, with a vertical tube, which extends vertically down into
the body of the vessel, and is open at the top and closed at the bottom,
from the centre of which springs a vertical rod, which passes up through
the air-tight casing, where it is connected with the lever of the valve
which regulates the supply of water to the temperating vessel. The
opening in the outer air-tight casing through which the vertical staff
passes is fitted on its under side with a long vertical tubular collar which
surrounds the vertical rod for some distance down into the vertical tube
in the top of the gasometer, thereby forming a telescope joint, which is
made good by being filled or partially filled with mercury. The supply
valve for the temperating vessel it is preferred, for the sake of great
delicacy of action, to be constructed with a double piston connected
together by a short rod working in a cylinder, the inlet of the supply pipe
opening into the small cylinder between the two pistons. One of the
pistons is formed sufficiently deep to cover, when required, an outlet
port on the side of the cylinder communicating by a pipe with the tem-
perating vessel. In some cases it is preferred to surround the supply
valve with an elastic sided chamber formed of india-rubber or other
suitable material encased so as to prevent it giving laterally, but allow-
ing it to expand and contract on its axis. When this arrangement is used
it is preferred to allow the feed water to pass over the top of the cylinder
in which the twin pistons work into an external casing surrounding
the working barrel or cylinder, the water being carried therefrom to
the temperating vessel by a pipe. The under side of the piston, at the
end from which the feed water passes, is formed at an oblique angle to
allow the opening gradually to enlarge as the piston is withdrawn from
the cylinder. The air-tight expanding bag is enclosed in an air-tight
external casing, which is provided with air taps to regulate the instru-
ment. The object of encasing the valve-regulating apparatus in air-
tight chambers is to exclude the action of the atmosphere as much as
nossible
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Thomas Haigh and Robert Adam Robertson in the
Great Seal Patent Office on the 2nd September 1861.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME,
we, THOMAS
HAIGH, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster,, Common Brewer, and
ROBERT ADAM ROBERTSON, of the same Place, Brewers' Engineer, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters

page_text: Patent, bearing date the Second day of March, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-one, in the twenty-third year of
Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant
unto us, the said Thomas Haigh and Robert Adam Robertson, Her spe-
cial licence that we, the said Thomas Haigh and Robert Adam Robertson,
our executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as we, the said
Thomas Haigh and Robert Adam Robertson, our executors, administra-
tors, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from
time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed,
should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and
Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS APPLICABLE FOR
BOILING, COOLING. AND FERMENTING MALT LIQUORS, PART OF WHICH MAY BE
APPLIED TO OTHER PURPOSES," upon the condition (amongst others) that we,
the said Thomas Haigh and Robert Adam Robertson, our executors or
administrators, by an instrument in writing under our, or their, or one
of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be
performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office
within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the
said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said Thomas Haigh and Robert Adam
Robertson, do hereby declare the nature of our said. Invention, and in
what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly d'escribed
and ascertained in and by the following statement (that is to say):-
Our said Invention consists, first, in an improved form of pan for
boiling the worts in, and which is heated by steam. We prefer to form
the pan circular sided by using curved sections of cast metal, bolted to-
gether by external vertical flanches, and having a steam-tight double
bottom. The lower bottom we, by preference, form of cast metal, the
inner surface of which is concave, having a number of vertical stud
pieces cast thereon, on which the upper bottom we, by preference, form
of copper, and is sufficiently concave to allow. the whole of the worts to
be drawn off by means of a pipe, the head of which extends through the
double bottom and opens into the centre of the inner bottom of the
vessel. This pipe is provided at the upper end with a suitable vale.
The steam for heating the pan is introduced between the upper and
lower bottoms through a pipe connected with the lower bottom and an
ordinary steam boiler. The condensed water escapes by a suitable pipe
introduced into the lower portion of the under bottom, and is by that
means reconveyed as feed water to the steam boiler.
The improved cooling or refrigerating apparatus consists of a number

page_text: of small pipes placed vertically or at a small angle to the vertical line,
and arranged round a centre or any other convenient way parallel to
and a little apart from each other. The ends of the pipes at the top and
bottom are soldered or screwed into transverse discs or other suitably
shaped plates, the ends of the pipes opening through the upper and
lower transverse plates. These small pipes, and the transverse plates
to which they are connected, we enclose within a cylindrical or other
suitably shaped water-tight casing, which is a little longer than the
space between the upper and lower discs, so as to form a small chamber
at each end, the outer casing being closed at the ends by suitable covers,
which can be removed for the purpose of cleaning the small pipes. A
short horizontal branch pipe on the side of the chamber communicates
with a vertical pipe of a capacity equal to about the whole of the smaller
enclosed tubes described. This vertical pipe is placed parallel to and
a short distance from the outer casing containing the small tubes, and
at the reverse end turns at a right angle, and communicates through a
small chamber, similar to that from which it leads, with another set of
enclosed vertical tubes like those described, and so on, as any number.
of sets of the small vertical pipes with their transverse plates, enclo-
sures, and so forth, as found desirable, may be used. The interior of
the cylindrical casing below the disc through which the small pipes
pass, of, say, the first of the series, we connect with the lower end of the
second of the series by an external pipe, and the upper part of the
second we connect with the lower end of the second of the series by an
external pipe, and the upper part of the second we connect with the
lower end of the third of the series, and the third with the fourth, and
so on in like manner. The object of this pipe is to form a water passage
between the chambers in which the small pipes are enclosed; by which
arrangement the exterior of the smaller pipes are surrounded by water
between the upper and lower transverse plates to which they are
attached. The liquid to be cooled passes from the hop back through
a pipe into the chamber on the upper end of the first series of enclosed
pipes; it then passes down through the small pipes into the chamber
on the lower end thereof; then through a branch pipe into the small
chamber on the upper end of the next series of small pipes, where it
subdivides and passes down through the small pipes into the chamber
at the reverse end, where it again passes through a branch pipe into the
upper chamber on the upper end of the third series of small enclosed
pipes, and so on through any number of sets of the enclosed pipes, and
so forth, as may be found necessary, after which the cooled liquid passes
into a working square, which will be hereafter described. The cold
water used to surround the small enclosed pipes we draw from a cistern

page_text: of a peculiar description, placed some distance above the refrigerating
apparatus, and is introduced into the first part of the series of chambers,
in which the sets of small pipes are enclosed, at a point near the bottom,
immediately above the lower transverse plates, to which the small ver-
tical pipes are connected, the water entirely surrounding the small vet-
tical pipes between the upper and lower transverse plates on the upper
and lower ends of the pipe; the water is then carried down through a
branch pipe on the exterior of the outer casing into the interior of the
outer casing of the second of the series, at a point above the plate to
which the lower ends of the second of the series of small pipes are
attached surrounding the pipes, and then passing out through a branch
pipe and entering the third of the series of enclosing vessels in the same
way, and so on through the whole of the series, when it passes up
through a pipe and again returns to the supply cistern through the
bottom near one end. This system of pipes, cisterns, and so forth may
be used with advantage for the purpose of condensing the products of
distillation as well as for cooling and heating liquids; and by using steam
in place of water, the apparatus may be used with advantage for heating
liquods in their passage through the small pipes. Our improved supply
cistern we enclose on the top and sides, and we divide it by vertical par-
titions into, say, three, four, or more compartments; the heated water
passing into one of the end compartments rises to the top, and the lower
stratum of cooler water passes through an opening in the vertical par-
tition near the bottom of the cistern into the next compartment, the
water in the second compartment escaping through a like side opening
into the third compartment, and the water in the third compartment
passes into the fourth compartment, and so on through any number of
chambers into which the cistern may be divided, until it arrives at the
last, into which the down supply pipe opens. The object of this arrange-
ment is to prevent the hot and cold water mingling together so readily
as it would do if there were no divisions to separate the outlet from the
inlet pipes. The vertical partitions we carry above the surface of the
water, and being enclosed at the top and sides, are made use of to form
a zig-zag passage for a current of air over the surface of the water. The
air is admitted at one side of the chamber, immediately above the cold
water supply pipe, and passes to the end of the chamber, thence through
a side opening into the next chamber, out of which it passes to the next
chamber by a side opening at the reverse end of the next
vertical partition into the next compartment, and SO on to
the last, where it enters a flue, which leads the air to the
ash-pit of the steam boiler or other furnace, thereby causing
a perpetual draft over the surface of the water in the supply

page_text: cistern. Our improvements applicable to the working square consist
in a hollow floating cover of a peculiar form, and in certain apparatus
connected therewith, part of which regulates the temperature of the
worts during fermentation. The portion of the apparatus which controls
the temperature is self-acting, and may be applied to many useful pur-
poses. The improved floating cover we, by preference, form of copper
with vertical sides, which are nearly in contact with the inner side of
the square in which it floats. The under side of the hollow float we con-
struct of a flat pyramidal form, from the apex of which rises a short
open tube, which projects a short distance above the upper flat surface
of the cover to allow the yeast to work through, when it falls upon the
top of the floating cover, whose edges are sufficiently raised to form a
tray to receive it. When the worts are in a high state of fermentation
it is sometimes preferred to slip a nose pipe on or into the short vertical
pipe which passes vertically through the cover, conveying the yeast into
a suitable receptacle at the side of the square. The gravity of the float-
ing cover we regulate by water introduced or withdrawn from the inter-
nal cavity by a flexible or jointed pipe fitted to and passing through the
upper surface of the hollow floating cover. The temperature of the
worts in the working square is regulated by an apparatus which con-
sists of a hollow cylindrical or other suitably shaped vessel, having a
number of tubes passing through it in a vertical or any other convenient
direction. These pipes or tubes are open at each end, forming passages
through the body of the vessel, and thereby presenting a large amount
of cooling or heating surface in the centre of the body of the worts in
which it is immersed. A body of water is conveyed into the body of
the temperating vessel by a pipe, and is carried out by another pipe, so
that a continuous stream of water may be passed through the temperat-
ing vessel. The water supply valve of the temperating vessel is actuated
by the expansion and contraction of the air in the hollow floating cover
of the working square, an air pipe being used to connect the interior of
the hollow floating cover with the interior of a small apparatus resem-
bling a gasometer, except that mercury is used in place of water in
making good the joints, and which we enclose in an air-tight casing
having a considerable air space above the inverted vessel or gasometer.
The centre of the gasometer is fitted with a vertical tube, which extends
vertically down into the body of the vessel, and is open at the top and
closed at the bottom, from the centre of which springs a vertical rod.
which passes up through the air-tight casing, where it is connected with
the lever of the valve which regulates the supply of water to the tem-
perating vessel. The opening in the outer air-tight casing, through
which the vertical staff passes, we fit on its under side with a long ver-

page_text: tical tubular collar, which surrounds the vertical rod for some distance
down into the vertical tube in the top of the gasometer, thereby form-
ing a telescope joint, which we make good by filling or partially filling
up with mercury. The supply valve for the temperating vessel we pre-
fer for the sake of great delicacy of action to be constructed with a
double piston, connected together by a short rod working in a cylinder.
the inlet of the supply pipe opening into the small cylinder between the
two pistons. One of the pistons we form sufficiently deep to cover when
required an outlet port on the side of the cylinder communicating by a
pipe with the temperating vessel. In some cases we surround the sup-
ply valve with an elastic sided chamber formed of india-rubber or other
suitable material, encased so as to prevent it giving laterally, but allow-
ing it to expand and contract on its axis. When this arrangement is
used, it is preferred to allow the feed water to pass over the top of the
cylinder in which the twin pistons work into an external casing sur
rounding the working barrel or cylinder, the water being carried there-
from to the temperating vessel by a pipe. The under side of the piston,
at the end from which the feed water passes, is formed at an oblique
angle to allow the opening gradually to enlarge as the piston is with-
drawn from the cylinder. The air-tight expanding bag we enclose in
an air-tight external casing, which is provided with air taps to regulate
the instrument. Our object for encasing the valve regulating apparatus
in air-tight chambers is to exclude the action of the atmosphere as much
as possible.
That this our said Invention may be the more readily seen and under-
stood, we have hereunto annexed Drawings in partial illustration, show-
ing the mode of practically applying the Invention. Like letters and
figures marked thereon have reference to similar parts.
Figure 1 is a partial sectional elevation of the cold water supply cis-
tern, hot liquor pan, mash tun, wort copper, hop back, one of the re-
frigerating columns and upper portion of a fermenting square, also a
steam boiler with its tubular connections for heating the wort, and
liquor pans, and pipe for reconveying the condensed water from the wort
pan to the boiler, and a cistern for receiving the condensed water formed
in the pipe used for heating the water in the hot water cistern. In this
Figure will be seen the system of connecting pipes with their several
stop-cock valves.
Figure 2 is a partial horizontal section of one of the refrigerating
columns, which, in this case, we have shown constructed with a copper
pipe surrounding the whole set of small tubes, that there may be an
annular air chamber between it and the outer casing.
Figure 3 is an external elevation of one of our improved self-acting

page_text: regulators for controlling the supply of hot or cold water to the tem-
perating apparatus, which governs the temperature of the worts in the
working square, and which is equally applicable for regulating the tem-
perature of any liquor contained in any vat or other vessel.
Figure 4 is an enlarged vertical sectional elevation of the body of the
regulating apparatus constructed on the principle of a gasometer, mer-
cury being used to make good the moveable joints.
Figure 5 is also an enlarged vertical sectional elevation of the body
of a regulating apparatus constructed with expanding and contracting
bags.
A, cold water supply cistern, with a, divisional partitions which divide
the cistern from the top to bottom into separate chambers, which com-
municate with each other through lateral openings cut through the
bottoms of the partitions at alternate ends; B, water-heating cistern,
which is supplied from the feed cistern A through C pipes, which at
their junction are fitted with D, a two-way tap; E, pipe connecting the
water-heating vessel with F, the mash tun; G, the pipe with taps con-
necting the mash tub with H, the double-bottomed, wort boiler; I, dis-
charge pipe and tap for running off the contents of the wort boiler into
K, the op back; L, pipe connecting the hop back with M, the refrigera-
ting columns; N; 'stop valve fitted to the discharge orifice of the hop
back; P, pipe for conveying the worts from the refrigerating columns to
Q, upper portion of the fermenting square with its floating cover; R, a
cistern for containing the condensed water received from the water-
heating apparatus in the cistern B, through S, a pipe extending from
the water-heating cistern to the receiver R; T is a pipe for conveying
the condensed water from the columns (M) when they are used for heat-
ing in place of cooling, which is done by turning in steam in place of
worts; U, steam-generating boiler used for heating water in cistern B,
and boiling the worts in the vessel H; V, steam pipes connecting steam-
generating boiler with the water-heating cistern B, wort boiling H, and
column M; W, pipe for conveying the condensed water from the bottom
of the worts boiler to the steam-generating boiler U; X, external casing
enclosing the actuating parts of the self-acting regulator; Y is a pipe
which communicates between the interior of the hollow floating lid of the
fermenting vessel Q and the interior of the enclosed working parts of
the regulator; Z is a pipe which connects the air surrounding the
enclosed working parts with an air chamber, which may be placed
several feet below the surface of the earth, or in any other convenient
situation where the air in the chamber will not be subject to fluctua-
tions of temperature. a, the external casing, enclosing the working
parts of the temperating apparatus; a' is a vertical rod which communi-

page_text: cates motion from the dome of the gasometer-shaped working part of
the apparatus, or from the expanding and contracting bags to b, an hori-
zontal lever, having its fulcrum at c, and the outer end of which is fitted
with d, a vertical pendulum, the head of which is forked, and upon
which rests e, a vessel containing mercury, and which forms a loose
moveable bottom vessel for f, a barometer tube, thirty inches long,
which is a fixture, and is formed with g, an enlarged head, forming a
close chamber, making the head of the barometer, and which we.con-
struct of such a capacity that the rise or fall of half an inch in the
mercury will balance the expansion of eight degrees of heat in the air
chamber of the float, or other bodies of confined air, which actuates the
apparatus h, gasometer-formed dome, which rises with the expansion
and falls by the contraction of the air communicating with the interior
thereof; i, water supply pipe; j, a cap covering the head of the supply
pipe, which is connected to , a cap on the lower end of the vertical por-
tion of the supply pipe, and which is connected externally by 1, india-
rubber tubes, which are surrounded by metal rings to protect them
from lateral pressure; m, a small india-rubber spring, for keeping down
the upper cap j, when not acted upon from below; n, exit pipe; p, valve
rod.
Having now fully described and ascertained the nature of this our
said Invention, and how we, believe the same may be best carried into
practical effect, we wish it to be understood that we do not confine our-
selves to the precise details, relative proportions, 'or dimentions herein-
before described and set forth, as it will be readily seen that the same
may be considerably varied without departing from the Invention; but
what we do claim is,-
First, dividing the supply cistern into several compartments, and
arranging a zig-zag air passage above the water communicating with the
ash-pit of a steam boiler or other furnace for generating a draught of air
over the surface of the water in the supply cistern, substantially and in
the manner herein-before described and set forth, or any mere modifica-
tion of the same.
Secondly, the peculiar mode of constructing the double bottom of the
wort-boiling pan, as herein-before described, or any mere modification
of the same.
Thirdly, forming the refrigerator columns with small chambers at the
top and bottom of the small vertical pipes, as herein-before described
and set forth, or any mere modification of the same.
Fourthly, the peculiar form and arrangement of the floating cover
for the fermenting tuns, as herein-before described and set forth, or any
mere modification of the same.

page_text: Fifthly, the peculiar construction and arrangement of the various
parts of the self-acting temperature regulating apparatus, and the mode
of counteracting the fluctuations in the pressure of the external atmo-
sphere, as herein-before described, or any mere modification of the same.
And, lastly, the general arrangement, combination, construction, and
use of the apparatus herein-before described and set forth, or any merc
modification of the same, for the purpose of boiling, cooling, and fer-
menting malt liquors, or other useful purposes.
In witness whereof, we, the said Thomas Haigh and Robert Adam
Robertson, have hereunto set our hands and affixed our seals, this
Thirty-first day of August, in the year of our Lord One thousand
eight hundred and sixty-one.
THOMAS
(L.S.)
HAIGH.
ROBERT ADAM (L.S.) ROBERTSON.
15 Witness,
WILLIAM WALKER,
of 44, Castle Street, Liverpool.