A NEW MACHINE FOR THE DRAWING OF COALS OUT OF COAL PITTS, AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES, BY THE HELP OF A FIRE ENGINE
Year: 1763

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOSEPH
OXLEY, of Russell Factory, in the County of Northumberland, Miller, send
greeting.
WHEREAS I, the said Joseph Oxley, did by my petition humbly repre-
sent to His present most Excellent Majesty King George the Third, that by
long study and experience, and at a great expence, I have found out and
invented "A NEW MACHINE FOR THE DRAWING OF COALS OUT OF COAL PITTS, AND
FOR OTHER PURPOSES, BY THE HELP OF A FIRE ENGINE;" and that in regard to the
great advantages that woud arise to this Kingdom from the said new-invented
machine, and to the great labour and expence of me, the petitioner, in ren-
dring the same perfect and compleat; I therefore most humbly prayed His said
Majesty that He would be graciously pleased to grant unto me, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, His Royal Letters Patent for the sole use and
benefit of the said Invention, within that part of His Kingdom of Great Britain
called England, His Dominion of Wales, and Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed,
for the term of fourteen years, pursuant to the Statute in that case made and
provided; His said Majesty, being willing to give encouragement to all arts
and inventions which might be for the publick good, was graciously pleased
to condescend to my request. And, therefore, by His Royal Letters Patent,
bearing date at Westminster, the Twenty-ninth day of July, in the third
year of His reign, of His especial grace, certain knowledge, and meer motion,
for Himself, His heirs and successors, did give and grant unto me, the
said Joseph Oxley, my executors, administrators, and assigns, His especial
licence, full power, sole priviledge and authority, that I, the said Joseph Oxley,

page_text: my executors, administrators, and assigns, and every of us, by myself and
ourselves, or by mine and our deputy or deputies, servants or agents, or such
others as I, the said Joseph Oxley, my executors, administrators, or assigns,
should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all
times thereafter during the term of years therein expressed, should and law-
fully might make, use, exercise, and vend, my said Invention, within that
part of His Kingdom of Great Britain called England, His Dominion of
Wales, and Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, in such manner as to me, the said
Joseph Oxley, my executors, administrators, or assigns, or any of us, should in
our discretions seem meet; and that I, the said Joseph Oxley, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, should and lawfully might have and enjoy the
whole profit, benefit, commodity, and advantage from time to time coming,
growing, accrewing, and arising by reason of the said Invention, for and
during the term of years therein mentioned, to have, hold, exercise, and enjoy
the licence, powers, priviledges, and advantages therein-before granted or
mentioned to be granted unto me, the Joseph Oxley, my exccutors, adminis-
trators, and assigns, for and during and unto the full end and term of fourteen
years from the date of the said Letters Patent next and immediately ensuing,
and fully to be compleat and ended according to the Statute in such case
made and provided; in which said Letters Patent is contained a proviso
that if I, the said Joseph Oxley, should not particularly describe and ascertain
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, by an instrument in writing under my hand and seal, and cause
the same to be inrolled in His said Majesty's High Court of Chancery
within four kalendar months next and immediately after the date of the
said Letters Patent, that then the said Letters Patent and all liberties and
advantages whatsoever thereby granted, shoud utterly cease, determine, and
become void, anything therein contained to the contrary thereof in anywise
notwithstanding, as in and by the said recited Letters Patent, (relation being
thereunto had) more fully and at large appears.
NOW KNOW YE, I, the said Joseph Oxley, in compliance with the said
proviso, do hereby and by the plan hereunto annexed (which is hereby
referred to) describe and ascertain the nature of my said Invention, and in
what manner the same is to be performed, as follows (that is to say) :-
A, a cog spear, with eighteen cogs wrought by the leaver of the fire engine;
B, a trundle wheel four feet diameter, with twenty-four cogs; C, a spurr
cog wheel, seven feet diameter, with fifty-six cogs on the same axle with the
wheel B; D and E, two trundle wheels with indented teeth, two feet and an
half diameter, with eighteen rungs each; F, a spurr cog wheel, four feet

page_text: and an half diameter, with forty cogs fast on its axle; within its rim are
inserted stops, and on one side of it is placed the trundle wheel D; upon
it is fixed a smaller wheel with cogs in its face; G, a trundle wheel, about
five feet diameter, with forty rungs, which, passing through the rim of the
wheel, become also cogs in the face of it; it is fast on its axle; within its rim
are inserted stops, and on one side of it is placed the trundle wheel E;
H and I, two wheels with twenty-four cogs in the face of each, both on the
same axle; K, a gudgeon in the shape of a I, fixed to the axle of the
wheels II and I; L, a gudgeon, fixed to the pit roller, in the shape of a fork;
M, a roller; N, a flap; O, a spear; P, a sail or fly to regulate the motion,
though not always necessary; Q, a leaver; R, a spear; S, the end thereof, with
cogs or chains; T, a trundle wheel with indented teeth; U, a trundle wheel
with indented teeth; W and X, two cog wheels upon the same axle with T
and U; Y, a cog wheel communicating motion to the roller by fork'd and
gudgeons; Z, a gudgeon in the shape of a ; a, a gudgeon in the shape
of a fork; b, a roller. The manner in which this machine or engine works
is thus: The cog spear A, being moved up and down by the leaver of a fire
engine, or otherwise, turns the trundle wheel B and the spurr cog wheel C
in a vibrating manner. The wheel C turns the two trundle wheels D and E,
which are fixed to the wheels F and G; when the wheel C moves in the
direction 1, 2, it turns the wheel F by the trundle wheel D, the teeth of
which take hold of the stops in the riun of the wheel F, and the wheel F
moves in the direction 3, 4, at the same time the wheel G is turned by the
cogs in the wheel F in the dirction 5, 6, and the trundle wheel E runs
loose; when the wheel C moves in the direction 2, 1, it turns the wheel G
by the trundle E, the teeth of which take hold of the stops in the rim of the
wheel G, and the wheel G moves in the direction 5, 6, at the same time
the wheel F is turned by the rungs in the wheel G, and the trundle wheel D
runs loose. The wheels F and G turn round in a contrary motion to each
other. The wheels H and I are fixed upon the same axis, and moveable
(by being thrust) in the direction 7, 8, and 8, 7. When the cogs of the
wheel I are thrusted between the cogs of the wheel G, the wheel I is moved
in the direction 9, 10; when the cogs of the wheel H are thrusted between
the cogs of the wheel G, the wheel H is moved in the direction 10, 11, and
consequently the wheel I is moved in the direction 10, 9. An alternate
motion is kept up in the wheels H and I, which is communicated to the
pitt roller by the gudgeon K in the
which the wheels H and I turn, and
shape of a 1, fixed to the axle upon
takes hold of alternately each side of

page_text: the forked gudgeon L, to which the pitt roller is fixed, and is thereby turned,
and draws up one basket of coals or any other weight, and lets down another
at the same time. When the top of the chain to which the weight hangs
comes up, by striking against the flap N, it moves by or without a spring
or weight the spear O, and thrusts the wheel H or I, whichever happens
to be then turning by the wheel G, and disengages it from the cogs of G,
or this may be done by a hand leaver, with or without a flap. P, a sail or fly
fixed upon a trundle, which is turned by the cogs in the wheel F, intended
to be used for resistance to regulate the power; Q, a leaver to disengage
the fly from the cogs of the wheel F.
Another method of using this new-invented engine may be thus:-R, a
sliding spear moved by the wheel C, at the end of which is a frame S working
diagonally; the upper part turns by cogs or a chain the indented trundle
wheel T, the under part with cogs or chains turns the trundle wheel U, which
causes a constant motion in the wheels W and X, upon the same principal as
is before mentioned in the description of the wheels D and E; Y is a cog wheel
to which a roller is fixed, the cogs of which are moveable by a leaver into the
cogs either of the wheel W or X, and an alternate motion of the pitt roller b
is thereby effected. The cog spear A may work the indented trundles without
the wheels B and C, and may be either of a rectilineal or circular form; the
wheel F may be either above or under the wheel G; upon the wheel F is
fixed a wheel of smaller diameter with cogs in the face to work the wheels II
and I if occasion requires. The cogs, rungs, spears, springs, stops, diameters,
indented teeth, weights, and every other part of this engine, may be in number
and proportion more or less, larger or smaller, as the motion is required to be
accelerated or decreased, or to render it more suitable to the bearings, situa-
tions and distances, or to the weights to be lifted. This machine may also
be wrought by a water wheel supplied with water from the fire engine, or
otherwise, and communicating motion to the pitt roller by such wheels
as G, H, and I, in the annexed plan, and the motion may be regulated by
the pressure of a convoy, or without it.
Another method of using this machine or engine is as follows:-Upon a
single axle, joined to the pitt roller or any other roller, may be placed two
trundle wheels, with two rows of indented teeth made of metal fixed to each
of them, each of the said rows reverse to the other, and having each two
stops reverse to each other also, which, by a leaver communicated to them
through a hollow axle, are moved into or out of the teeth, by which means
the trundle wheels are either locked to the axle and turn it round, or run
loose thereupon and leave it at rest, because, when the stops are all up, the

page_text: trundle wheels run loose upon the axle without turning it; when two stops
are down one of the trundle wheels turns the axle one way; when those two
are up and the other two stops are down, the other trundle wheel turns the
axle the contrary way. Those wheels may be wrought by a cog frame in the
form of R and S above described, in any position.
Another manner of using the said machine or engine may be thus:--A wheel
with indented teeth may be fixed fast upon an axle, and be turned by a spear with
a frame at the end thereof, with spring stops in the inside made of metal, which
spear being moved backwards and forward pulling it round one way, and
thrusting it round another way, occasions a circular by a vibrating motion.
To this axle may be fixed the alternate wheels H and I, which will operate as
in the annex'd plan and the before-mentioned description, and motion may be
communicated to a wheel at rest, or a wheel turning may be deprived of
motion, with two gudgeons, one in the form of a fork, and the other of a Ĩ,
by the being pushed between the prongs of the fork, or drawn from thence.
By these fork and I gudgeons, together with an hollow axle, alternate wheels,
such as the wheels H and I, being made to run loose, may be turned, and
their cogs may continue always betwixt the cogs of such a wheel as G; the
axle of such alternate wheels will always be at rest, except when a gudgeon in
the shape of a I is thrust into one of the gudgeons in the shape of a fork,
joined to one of the alternate wheels, either of which, as occasion requires it,
locks to the axle and turns it round.
In witness whereof, I, the said Joseph Oxley, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, the Fifth day of October, in the third year of the
reign of our Sovereign Lord George the Third, by the Grace of God
of Great Britain, France, and Ireland King, Defender of the Faith,
and so forth, and in the year of our Lord One thousand seven hundred
and sixty-three.

page_text: AND BE IT REMEMBRED, that on the Fifth day of October, in the
third year of the reign of His Majesty King George the Third, the aforesaid
Joseph Oxley came before our said Lord the King in His Chancery, and
acknowledged the Writing aforesaid, and every matter and thing therein
contained, in form above said. And the said Writing was stamped according
to the Statute made in the sixth year of the reign of the late King William
and Queen Mary, and so forth.
Inrolled the Tenth day of October, in the third year of the reign of His
Majesty King George the Third, 1763.