AN IMPROVED COATING FOR COVERING THE BOTTOMS OF IRON AND STEEL SHIPS AND OTHER NAVIGABLE VESSELS AND MARINE WORKS, TO PREVENT OXIDATION AND THE ADHESION OF ANIMAL AND VEGETABLE MATTER THERETO
Year: 1865

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Robert Doyne Dwyer, of Liverpool, in the County
of Lancaster, Civil Engineer, for the Invention of "AN IMPROVED COATING
FOR COVERING THE BOTTOMS OF IRON AND STEEL SHIPS AND OTHER NAVIGABLE
VESSELS AND MARINE WORKS, TO PREVENT OXIDATION AND THE ADHESION OF
ANIMAL AND VEGETABLE MATTER THERETO."
Sealed the 27th April 1866, and dated the 30th October 1865.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Robert Doyne Dwyer at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
30th October 1865.
I, ROBERT DOYNE DWYER, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, Civil
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED
COATING FOR COVERING THE BOTTOMS OF IRON AND STEEL SHIPS AND OTHER NAVI-
GABLE VESSELS AND MARINE WORKS, TO PREVENT OXIDATION AND THE ADHESION OF
ANIMAL AND VEGETABLE MATTER THERETO," to be as follows (that is to say) :-
This Invention has for its object the production of an improved coating for
covering the bottoms of iron and steel ships and marine works generally, for
the purpose of preventing oxidation and the adhesion of animal and vegetable
matter thereto, and consists of an elastic, adhesive, and partially soluble mixture
made from the following ingredients, say, nine parts of tallow or fatty matter,
two parts of rosin, one part of potash or other alkali, one part of red lead,
ochre, or colouring matter, and three parts of roman cement. The tallow or
fatty matter, rosin, red lead, ochre, or colouring matter, and alkali, are placed
in an iron or other suitable vessel and melted together by heat, being kept

page_text: well stirred during the melting process, after which the alkali is added, which
has been previously dissolved by exposure to a moist atmosphere or otherwise.
The fire is then withdrawn, the roman cement is carefully added by degrees
to prevent the mixture overflowing the vessel, then it is preferred to add about
a pint of oil for the purpose of making the mixture work freely from the
brush. The composition is then applied to the surface to be covered in a
heated state by a brush. As many coats as are desired are applied, after
which it is finished to a smooth surface with a trowel or other suitable tool.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Robert Doyne Dwyer in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 30th April 1866.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, ROBERT
DOYNE DWYER, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, Civil Engineer,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Thirtieth day of October, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-five, in the twenty-ninth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said Robert Doyne Dwyer, Her special licence that I, the said Robert
Doyne Dwyer, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others
as I, the said Robert Doyne Dwyer, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time
and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and
lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom
of Great Britain and Ireland, the 'Channel Islands, and Isle of Man,
an Invention for "AN IMPROVED COATING FOR COVERING THE BOTTOMS OF IRON
AND STEEL SHIPS AND OTHER NAVIGABLE VESSELS AND MARINE WORKS, TO PREVENT
OXIDATION AND THE ADHESION OF ANIMAL AND VEGETABLE MATTER THERETO," upon
the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Robert Doyne Dwyer, my
executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their,
or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be
performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office
within six calendar months next and immediately after the 'date' of 'the said
Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Robert Doyne Dwyer, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is

page_text: to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement (that is to say):-
This my said Invention has for its object the production of an improved
coating for covering the bottoms of iron and steel ships and other navigable
vessels and marine works generally, for the purpose of preventing oxidation
and the adhesion of animal and vegetable matter thereto, and consists of an
elastic, adhesive, and partially soluable mixture made from the following ingre-
dients, say, nine parts of tallow or fatty matter, two parts of rosin, one part of
potash or other alkali, one part of red lead, ochre, or colouring matter, and
three parts of roman cement. The tallow or fatty matter, rosin, colouring
matter, and alkali are placed in an iron or other suitable vessel and melted
together by heat, being kept well stirred during the melting process, after
which the alkali is added, which has been previously dissolved by exposure to
a moist atmosphere or otherwise; then the fire is withdrawn, the roman
cement is carefully added by degrees to prevent the mixture overflowing the
vessel; I then prefer to add a portion of oil for the purpose of making the
mixture work freely from the brush. The composition is then applied to
the surface to be covered in a heated state by means of a brush, or in any
other convenient manner, and as many coats as are desired are applied, after
which it is formed to a smooth surface with a trowel or other suitable tool.
Having now fully described and ascertained the nature of this my said
Invention, and the best means I am acquainted with for carrying the same
into practical effect, I wish it to be understood that I do not confine myself to
the exact proportions of the several ingredients herein-before described and
set forth, as the same may be varied to suit peculiar circumstances for which
the composition is required, as will be readily understood by those acquainted
with the art, but what I claim is, the manufacture and use of the composition
herein-before described and set forth, substantially in the manner and for the
purposes herein expressed.
In witness whereof, I, the said Robert Doyne Dwyer, have hereunto
hand and affixed my seal, this Twenty-eighth day of April, in
set my
the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty civ
ROBERT D. DWYER. (L.S.)