IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR RAISING THE NAP ON WOVEN FABRICS
Year: 1862

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Mark Smith, of the Firm of Messieurs William
Smith and Brothers, of Heywood, in the County of Lancaster, Machine
Makers, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR RAISING
THE NAP ON WOVEN FABRICS."-A communication from abroad by Carl
Martin May, of München Gladbach, in the Kingdom of Prussia, Cotton
Spinner
Sealed the 17th February 1863, and dated the 10th September 1862.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Mark Smith at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 10th September
1862.
I, MARK SMITII, of the Firm of Messieurs William Smith and Brothers, of
Heywood, in the County of Lancaster, Machine Makers. do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR RAISING
THE NAP ON WOVEN FABRIOS," being a communication to me from abroad by
Carl Martin May, of München Gladbach, in the Kingdom of Prussia, Cotton
Spinner, to be as follows:-
The nature of this Invention consists in an improved combination and
arrangement of machinery combined with heating cylinders for raising the
nap on cotton or other woven fabrics. The fabric to be operated upon first
passes between stretching bars, then over a heated cylinder, then over and
under other stretching bars, between which the surface of the fabric is pre-
sented to the action of rollers covered with card teeth or other agents for

page_text: raising the nap; the fabric is then taken over another heated cylinder, and
under and over other stretching bars, between which are other raising
rollers drag rollers are also provided at intervals to keep the fabric to the
requisite tension. The number of heating cylinders, raising rollers, drag
rollers, and stretching bars may be increased or diminished according to the
nature of the fabric to be operated upon and to the finish required. The
drying and warming of the fabric during the operation render the fibres more
susceptible to the action of the raising cards or other agents.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters l'atent,
filed by the said Mark Smith in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
9th March 1863.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, 1, MARK
SMITH, of the Firm of Messieurs William Smith and brothers, of Heywood,
in the County of Lancaster, Machine Makers, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Tenth day of September, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-two, in the twenty-sixth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said Mark Smith, Her special license that I. the said Mark Smith, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Mark
Smith, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during
the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make. use, exercise,
and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY FOR RAISING THE NAP ON WOVEN FABRICS," a communication to
me from abroad by Carl Martin May, of München Gladbach, in the Kingdom
of Prussia, Cotton Spinner, upon the condition (amongst others) that I,
the said Mark Smith, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in
writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should parti-
cularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the
Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately
after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Mark Smith, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-

page_text: formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement (that is to say):-
The nature of this Invention consists in an improved combination and
arrangement of machinery combined with heating cylinders for raising the
nap on cotton or other woven fabrics. The fabric to be operated upon first
passes between stretching bars, then over a heated cylinder, then over and
under other stretching bars, between which the surface of the fabric is pre-
sented to the action of rollers covered with card teeth or other agents for
raising the nap; the fabric is then taken over another heated cylinder, and
under and over other stretching bars, between which are other raising rollers;
drag rollers are also provided at intervals to keep the fabric to the requisite
tension. The number of beating cylinders, raising rollers, drag rollers, and
stretching bars may be increased or diminished according to the nature of the
fabric to be operated upon and to the finish required. The drying and
warming of the fabric during the operation render the fibres more susceptible
to the action of the raising cards or other agents.
And in order that the Invention may be fully understood and readily
carried into operation, I will proceed to describe the accompanying Sheet of
Drawings, reference being had to the figures and letters marked thereon.
Fig. 1 is an elevation, and Fig. 2 a plan, of the improved raising machine.
The dotted lines a represent the fabric, and the arrows indicate the direction
in which it passes through the machine. The fabric is taken first over the
stretching bar b, then under the bar band around the bar 62 to the cylinder c,
which is or may be heated by steam or otherwise, then over the stretching
bar d and under the bar, from whence it passes over the bar ²; in passing
between these bars and the fabric is exposed to the action of the raising
roller the surface of which is covered with card teeth or other agent for
raising the nap. From the bar the fabric passes under and over the
bars and d, being acted upon by a second raising roller e' placed under
and between the two bars. From the bar d the fabric passes under the drag
roller, which is or may be covered with card teeth; this drag roller is for
giving the requisite tension to the fabric when it is being operated upon by
the raising rollers; the fabric then passes to a second heated cylinder c, and
thence to a second set of bars d', d², d³, and d', raising rollers e, e', and drag
roller and thence to the third and fourth set, as shewn in the Drawing.
After the fabric has passed under the last drag roller it is taken under and
over the guide rollers g, h, and i, and deposited on the floor near the feeding
end of the machine, or it may be otherwise disposed of, as may be found
most convenient.

page_text: I wish to observe that although the Drawing represents four sets of
stretching bars with raising and drag rollers, a greater or less number of
sets may be employed according to the nature of the fabric to be operated
upon and the finish required. The draft or the required tightness of the cloth
between each pair of raising rollers is regulated by means of bevel pinions on
the horizontal shaftj driving other bevel wheels on the drag rollers, as shewn
in Fig. 2. The drying and warming of the fabric to make the fibres more
susceptible to the action of the raising cards is effected by means of the cast-
iron or copper heating pipes or cylinders c, which are connected by small
pipes to convey steam through all of them; the condensed steam or water
passes through a valve in the valve box l, which allows only water to pass, but
no steam. A rapid rotary motion is given to the raising rollers e, e¹, by bands
and grooves pulleys, as clearly shewn in the Drawing, or in any other con-
venient manner.
Having thus stated the nature of the Invention, and described the manner
of performing the saine, as communicated to me by the said Carl Martin
May, I declare that I claim,-
First, the combination and arrangement of machinery shewn and described
for raising the nap on woven fabrics.
And, secondly, the cylinders marked c, or other equivalent apparatus, for
heating the fabric in passing through the machine for raising the nap on
woven fabrics.
In witness whereof, I, the said Mark Smith, have hereto set my hand
and seal, this Sixth day of March, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and sixty-three.
MADE SMITH