Machine for Preparing the Perforated Record Strips of Type Forming Machines.
Year: 1897

page_text: Date of Application, 28th Sept., 1897-Accepted, 14th May, 1898
COMILELE SIMULTICATION.
Machine for Preparing the Perforated Record Strips of Type
Forming Machines.
A communication from THE LANSTON MONOTYPE MACHINE COMPANY, a Corporation
organized under the laws of Virginia, United States of America, and having
its principal place of business at Washington, D.C., United States of America.
I, ALFRED JULIUS BOULT, of 111, Hatton Garden, in the County of Middlesex,
Chartered Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in
what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascer-
tained in and by the following statement:--
This invention has relation to means for preparing the perforated record strips or
ribbons that are used to control machines for forming justified lines of type accord-
ing to what is known as the "Lanston Monotype System."
In machines that have heretofore been constructed for carrying said method into
practice, the matrices or dies corresponding to the characters, points, spaces, etc.,
used in printing, have been usually arranged in rows in the form of a square
with, say, fifteen matrices on a side, and the centering of any one of them at the
type casting point has been effected through mechanism operating to shift the
matrix carrier, as it may be termed, in two directions, at substantially right angles
to each other, the motion of said carrier in one direction serving to bring one row
of matrices in line with the casting mold and its motion in the other direction,
or at right angles, serving to bring the particular matrix in that row directly over
the mold in position to co-operate with the latter in forming the type.
One or both of the side walls of each of the type forming molds in said machines
has or have been made adjustable in order that the bodies of the majority of the
types formed therein might be made of the normal or standard width, set way,
and that the bodies of some of the type might be made of abnormal width, so that
in the production of types for any given line the space that would ordinarily have
to be filled by justification, if types of the normal width were used, might be
absorbed or filled out by the bodies of the widened or abnormal types, with the
result of producing a perfectly justified line.
In practice, it has been found most convenient to increase the bodies of the space
type only, for the purpose of justification, leaving the bodies of all other types of
the line of unvaried or normal width.
Inasmuch as the operations of the type forming machine are automatically con-
trolled by the perforated record strip it is obvious that the greatest care and
accuracy are required in the preparation of the latter.
According to the preferred plan of preparing the strips, each character, point
and space is represented by one or more perforations in the strip or ribbon, said
perforations being so disposed and positioned as that their action upon the type
forming machine will cause the particular matrix which it or they represent to
be centered over the type casting mold in position to co-operate with the latter in
the production of the designated type. In addition to the perforations referred to
for controlling the formation of normal type, the record strip has punched in it

page_text: one or more sets of two so-called justifying perforations, the function of which is
to so adjust the type forming mold when the space types are to be formed for the
particular line as that the bodies of such space types will be made enlarged or
widened in that degree that will cause thean to exactly fill out the line when all
the types for the line are assembled.
The record strip is also provided with a perforation for controlling the feed of
the type-receiving galley in which the justified lines of type are made up, so that
the galley may be advanced upon the completion of each line. This galley per-
foration precedes in order the perforations which control the formation of type
of normal size.
To avoid any confusion, it may perhaps be well to here state, that in the use of
the perforated record strip, it is fed to the type forming machine last end first, or
in other words, in such manner as that the perforations in it will be presented to
the mechanism of the type forming machine in the ieverse order in which they
were made; from which it results, that the justifying perforation or perforations
for any given line will be first presented, then the perforations controlling the
production of the type of normal size, and, finally the perforation which effects the
feed of the galley.
After producing several machines for preparing the record strips the conclusion
has been reached that a machine for doing such work may advantageously contain
the following elements, viz.:
First, a key board provided with keys corresponding to the characters, points
and spaces in the matrix carrier of the type forming machine, and with other keys,
representing different justification additions that it may be necessary to add to
the bodies of the space type or other justifying type to be formed for a line.
Secondly, punching mechanism so connected and combined with the keys of the
key-board as that when any particular key is depressed one or more punches will
be caused to make one or more perforations and usually two perforations, in the
record strip at the appropriate point or points to effect the desired result of form-
ing the designated normal type or of varying the width of the type mold for the
formation of the space or justifying type, as the case may be.
Thirdly, mechanism for feeding the paper strip after each perforation or pair
of perforations is made therein.
Fourthly, a line scale graduated for convenience so as to indicate ems of space
and provided with a travelling pointer actuated by the depression of each key for
indicating to the operator the filling up of the line and showing, as the end of the
line neared, how many ems of space remain to be filled by justification.
Fifthly, a space counting mechanism for counting and indicating the number of
justifying space type in any given line.
Sixthly, a justification indicator, which, upon the depression of any given key
is advanced as many units of space as the character designated by that key would
occupy in the line and which indicates upon a dial, a number of unfilled
units of space left in the "margin of justification," as the space near the end of
a line, as indicated by the line scale pointer, is called; and which also indicates
to the operator what justifying key or keys is or are to be struck to effect the
addition of the appropriate justifying fraction to the several justifying space type
in the line; and
Seventhly, mechanism which upon the resetting of the parts to normal position,
after the production of a record for one line, will cause a perforation to be made
in the strip for effecting the advance of the type receiving galley one line space.
In the particular machine containing these general features shown in the accom
panying drawings, are embodied certain principles of construction that it will be
well to preliminarily advert to.
In the construction of the key board, the keys for designating the production of
perforations for normal type are, like the matrices of the matrix carrier of the
type forming machine, arranged in rows in approximately the form of a square,
with fifteen keys on each side. The depression of each of these keys is designed

page_text: to effect the operation of two separate punches (except as to certain keys to be
hereinafter adverted to) so as to cause the formation of two perforations in the
record strip, one for causing the mechanism of the type forming machine to shift
the matrix carrier in one direction and the other for causing it to shift said carrier
in the other direction, at right angles, in order to center the designated
matrix over the type mold. This double action of each key is brought about by
the employment of fifteen long pivoted levers extending longitudinally immedi
ately beneath all the keys and fifteen transverse tilting levers or bails extending
transversely under suitable stops or projections upon all the key stems; the said
tilting bails being, in turn, connected by suitable links with fifteen shorter pivoted
levers, arranged parallel to the longer longitudinal levers in alternation therewith.
Upon the depression of any given key, one of the long longitudinal levers is
directly operated and one of the shorter longitudinal levers is indirectly operated
through the instrumentality of the appropriate transverse bail, and a punch con-
nected to each of said levers is caused to make a perforation in the record strip.
Each of the various characters points, spaces, etc., is assigned a position on the
key board with reference, first, to its body width, set way, and, secondly, with
reference to the comparative frequency of its use. Thus, the characters whose
type bodies are of minimum width are arranged in the left hand longitudinal
with those of that width most frequently used nearest the front edge of the
key board; while the characters, etc., of the next width are arranged in the second
longitudinal row and so on throughout the several rows, the keys representing
characters of greatest body width being located in the row at the right hand end
of the key board.
row,
t
Although the machine is capable of preparing a record strip usable in the pro-
duction of types of any font, I have found it best, if not necessary, to adopt an
arbitrary unit of measurement, for dealing with each particular font of type.
The machine as represented in the drawings is equipped for dealing with non-
pareil type and the unit of measurement which I have adopted for such type is
.0045 of an inch.
According to this standard of measurement, the types represented by the
characters designated on the first longitudinal row of keys in the key board are
six units or .027 of an inch wide; those in the second row seven units or .0315 of
an inch wide; and so on progressively across the key board, the fifteenth longi-
tudinal row, representing types of the widest size, i.e., twenty-one units or .0945
of an inch wide.
Forming part of what has been hereinabove called the justification indicator
is a units wheel formed so that the space between any two of its teeth represents
a unit of measurement.
Upon the depression of any key of the key board designating normal type this
units wheel is advanced as many teeth or units of measurement as the character,
etc., for which that key stands calls for.
Also forming part of this justification indicator is a dial that is divided off
radially into spaces each of which also represents a unit of measurement, and co-
operating with the dial is a pointer or hand that is adapted to be moved over the
dial upon the depression of each key as many spaces as the character designated
by the key embodies units of measurement.
The number of units displayed upon the dial may be more or less, but it is pre-
ferably made to include at least the units in what is called the justifying margin
or that part of the line which must be absorbed or filled out by the widening of
the justifying space type.
°
As has been stated, the line scale mechanism shows the operator that he is nearing
the end of a line and that another word or syllable is inadmissible in that line,
the space counter shows the number of justifying space types that have been,
designated for the line, and the radial space on the dial of the justification indicator
alongside the dial pointer indicates the number of units of space in the justifying
margin remaining to be filled by justification.

page_text: It only now remains to so number the dial and its pointer as that the operator
may, at a glance at the dial and pointer, ascertain exactly which of the justifying
keys of the key board (the said justifying keys being arranged preferably in a
sixteenth longitudinal row at the right of the key board) he must depress to per-
forate the record strip at the proper point or points to cause the addition of the
proper justifying fraction of the justifying types.
In applying the said numbers to the dial of the justification indicator, the follow-
ing formula is used:
The following is a practical application of this formula:
Suppose there are ten (10) justifying space type in a given line as indicated by
the space counter and, after the key designating the last permissible character in
the line has been struck, there are twenty units of space in the justifying margin
remaining to be filled by justification, as indicated by the twenty radial unit space
on the dial in front of the pointer. Now, each space unit, as we have seen for our
nonpareil type, is equal to .0045 of an inch. This amount multiplied by twenty,
the number of space units disclosed by the dial, will give .09 inches as the space
to be filled by justification. This amount divided by ten (10), the number of
justifying space type called for in the line, in the case stated, will give .009, which
means that each of the ten space types is to be enlarged nine thousandths of an
inch. Accordingly, in the twentieth unit space of the dial is placed the figure 9.
and on the pointer, opposite said figure, is placed the figure 10. Upon this
principle, all the numbers on the dial and pointer are applied, thereby rendering
it practicable for the operator, when his line scale shows that he can add no more
words or syllables to the line to first look at his space counter to ascertain the
number of justifying space types called for by the line, then run his eye along
the pointer of the justification indicator till it finds the number corresponding to
the ascertained number of space type, then read the justifying fraction on the dial
opposite said pointed number, and, finally, by depressing the appropriate justifica-
tion key or keys of the key board which such justifying fraction calls for, punch
the proper perforation or perforations in the record strip to properly control the
justifying mechanism of the type forming machine.
Pressure upon a suitable lever restores all the parts to normal position and causes
a galley feed perforation to be punched in the record strip as before mentioned.
It will be noted in the preparation of the record strip, the galley feed perfora-
tions, the normal type producing perforations and the justifying perforations are
all formed by a continuous process, requiring no going back or rehandling of the
record strip for any purpose.
This is of course of the greatest importance, since it economizes time and ensures
accuracy.
It will also be noted that, so far as the punches used in the designation of normal
types are concerned, great economy in numbers is secured, each punch standing
not merely for an individual character etc., but for a whole row of characters
according to the arrangement of the key board and the corresponding arrangement
of matrices in the type forming machine. In point of fact, the number of punches
required is but double the square root of the total number of keys, the action of
which they record.
Without any further generalization a detailed description will now be given
of the machine shown in the accompanying drawings:
Figure 1 is a top plan view of the machine with a portion of the key board
broken away.

page_text: Figure 2 is an elevation of the right hand side of the machine.
Figure 3 is a similar view of the left hand side of the machine.
Figure 3 is a detail view of a portion of the paper feed winding mechanism.
Figure 3 is a detail view of a portion of the mechanism for winding the justifica-
tion indicator..
Figure is a rear view of the machine.
Figure 5 is a detached view of the key board showing the arrangement of keys.
Figure 6 is a longitudinal sectional elevation of the machine, designed par-
ticularly to show the arrangement of the keys and punching mechanism.
Figure 7 is a plan view showing the relation of the two sets of levers that are
operated upon by the keys.
Figure 8 is a side view of one of the short longitudinal levers operated upon by
the keys.
Figure 9 is a perspective view of one of the transverse levers or bails which
constitutes the medium of connection between the keys and the shorter longitudinal
levers of the key action.
Figure 10 is a top plan view showing particularly the punches, paper feed
mechanism and the justification indicator.
Figure 11 is a longitudinal sectional view taken through the justification indi-
cator showing also a portion of the punching mechanism.
Figure 12 is a view of one of the keys showing the manner in which it co-operates
with one of the long longitudinal levers of the key action.
Figure 12 is a perspective view of the sliding rack of the line scale mechanism.
Figures 12" and 12° are detail views, showing the means for securing the adjust-
able pointer on the line scale rack.
Figure 13 is a front view of the line scale, the space counter and the justification
indicator.
Figure 14 is a view of the dial of the justification indicator detached showing
the manner in which it is laid off and numbered.
Figure 15 is a view of the pointer or hand of the justification indicator showing
the numbers applied thereto.
Figure 16 is a view of the units measuring wheel and co-operating parts of the
justification indicator.
Figure 17 is a sectional view taken on the line aa, Figure 16.
Figure 18 is a rear view of the justification indicator.
Figure 18 is a detail view showing the connection between the rod 149 and the
lever or arm 150, Figure 18.
Figures 18 and 18° are detail views of the pawl and connections for arresting the
units wheel when it overthrows during the winding operation.
Figure 18 is a view showing a detail, of the connection between the arm 167
and rod 166, Figure 18.
Figure 19 is a view showing details of the line scale mechanism.
Figures 19 and 19" are detail views of the pawl or detent which operates upon
the rack of the line space mechanism,
Figures 20 and 21 represent details of the paper feed mechanism.
Figures 22 and 23 show certain details of the paper feed mechanism and also
details of mechanism for making the galley feed perforations in the record strip.
Figure 24 is a view of the record strip prepared by the improved machine, a
letter or word indicating what each perforation or pair of perforations stands for.
Like numerals in the several figures indicate the same parts.
As shown particularly in Figure 5, the key board is provided with 225 keys 1,
representing the figures, characters, spaces, points, etc., found in a font of nonpareil
type. It is also provided with a series of ten keys 2, representing the various
justification additions, that may be added to the width of the various justifying
spaces that may occur in a given line.
The keys 1 are arranged in rows in substantially the form of a square, there;
being fifteen keys on a side, as shown.

page_text: The keys that are in the first longitudinal row are those which represent char-
acters whose width, set way, occupy the smallest number of units of space accord-
ing to the unit of measurement adopted, that is to say, the unit of measurement
of the nonpareil type being .0045 of an inch, as hereinbefore stated, the characters
represented by the said first longitudinal row of keys are of six units or .027 of an
inch wide, those of the second longitudinal row seven units or .0315 of an inch
wide and so on progressively across the key board.
".
The keys 1 in each longitudinal row are arranged more or less near the front
edge of the key board, according to the frequency with which they are used in
ordinary composition.
The justifying keys 2 are arranged in a 16th longitudinal row at the extreme
right of the key board, with the one representing the smallest justifying fraction
nearest the front edge of the key board, that is to say, the one numbered 1 repre-
sents a justifying fraction of .001 of an inch and the one numbered 2 a justifying
fraction of .002 of an inch and so on, progressively to the one numbered 10, which
represents a justifying fraction of .010 of an inch.
Extending longitudinally beneath the keys are a series of long levers 3.
(Figures 6, 7) which converge at their rear ends, as shown in Figure 7, and are
hung upon a common pivot pin passing transversely through them, as shown
in Figure 6.
These long levers 3 are sixteen in number, one of them extending beneath each
iongitudinal row of keys. The lower end of the stem of each key is slotted or
bifurcated, as shown at 5, Figure 12, to receive the lever 3 beneath it, the arrange-
ment being such that when any key in a longitudinal row is depressed, the long
lever 3 beneath that row will be operated.
Extending parallel to the series of long levers 3 and arranged in alternation
therewith, is a series of fifteen shorter levers 6. These levers are referred to as
shorter levers principally to distinguish them from the levers 3, which have been
termed long levers, but as a matter of fact, the central lever 6 is as long as the
longest of the levers 3, though all the other levers 6 are of gradually decreased
length, from the middle toward the sides of the group of levers, and those at the
sides being not much more than half the length of the levers 3.
Extending transversely across the levers 3 and 6 are a series of fifteen pivoted
transverse bails 7, each being hung upon its own center or pivot, which consists
preferably of a cross shaft 7a, Figure 9, arranged to turn freely in bearings on the
side walls of the machine.
One of the transverse bails 7, with its shaft 7 is shown detached in Figure 9,
and a series of them is shown in Figure 6. In Figure 7, the shafts 7ª have been
omitted to avoid confusion.
Projecting from the stem of each of the keys is a pin S, Figure 12, which extends
over one of the transverse bails 7. The pins S of all of the keys in each transverse
row of keys project above the same transverse bail, so that, upon the depression of
any key in the row, the bail appropriated to that row will be depressed.
Formed upon or secured to each of the shorter levers 6 at or near the outer end
of the same is a vertical projection or finger 9, which extends up beneath one of
the transverse bails 7 (Figures 8 and 9). When any key of a transverse row of
keys is depressed, the transverse bail beneath that row will be borne down and the
particular lever 6, whose finger 9 stands beneath the depressed transverse bail will
also be depressed. It will therefore be seen that upon the operation of any of the keys,
some one of the long longitudinal levers 3 will be depressed by reason of the direct
action of the lower end of the key stem upon it, while one of the shorter levers 6
will be simultaneously depressed indirectly through the action of the pin 8 on the
key stem upon one of the transverse bails 7 and the action of the latter upon the
vertical finger 9 of the shorter lever.
Each of the levers 3, except that beneath the 15th longitudinal row of keys, and
each of the levers 6, is connected through a suitable rod 10, Figure 6, to a bell
crank lever 11 mounted so as to turn freely upon a shaft 12. The upper arm of

page_text: each of these bell cranks 11 has connected to it a horizontal punch 13 that is guided
in suitable guides 14, 15 and is adapted to co-operate with a suitable opening in
a stationary die plate 16 to punch a perforation in the record strip 17, Figure 6,
that is wound from a reel or spool 18 on to another reel or spool 19.
The fifteenth row of keys designates characters points spaces etc. of the greatest
normal width and no perforation is required to be made by the lever under this
row of keys as hereinafter explained when describing the operation of the machine.
Both series of levers 3 and 6 are guided and preserved in their proper relative
positions by means of a transverse guide 20, Figure 6, while the outer ends of the
long levers 3 are also guided in another slotted transverse guide 21 as shown in
the same figure.
Each of the levers 3 and 6 is provided with a spring 22, Figure 6, which operates
to hold the levers normally raised into horizontal position as shown in said last
mentioned figure. Each of the keys between its head and its upper guide 23 is
surrounded by a spiral spring 24, Figures 2, 3, 6, which operates to keep the keys
normally elevated and to return them when they are depressed and released.
In order to feed the paper after each perforation or pair of perforations has been
punched therein, the following mechanism is provided:
The die plate 16 with which the punches 13 co-operates to punch the paper is
inserted in or forms a part of a stationary cylinder 25, Figures 4, 6 and 21, that is
rigidly secured by screws or otherwise to brackets 25ª that are in turn secured to a
portion 25b of the framework of the machine as shown in Figures 1, 4, 6, 10.
Extending through this stationary cylinder is a shaft 26, which is secured to two
disks 27, that fit closely against the ends of the cylinder 25 and are provided with
peripheral pins or teeth 28, Figures 6, 10 and 21, that are adapted to engage cor-
responding feeding perforations 28" provided in the record strip.
To the left hand end of this shaft 26 (looking from the front of the machine)
is seoured by a pin 29, Figure 21, a wheel 30, Figures 3, 10 and 21, whose periphery
is grooved to receive a belt or band 31, Figure 3, that passes around a grooved
pulley 32 on the end of the shaft 33, Figure 1, supporting the upper paper reel or
spool 19 upon which the record strip is wound after receiving the record perfora-
tions. The grooved wheel 30 has secured to its inner side by means of a screw or
pin 34, a pivoted pawl 35, Figure 21, which is adapted to engage with ratchet
teeth 36 of a wheel 37, loosely mounted upon the shaft 26. The hub of this
wheel 37 extends within a drum 38 having peripheral ratchet teeth 39 also mounted
loosely upon the shaft 26, but restrained from moving with said shaft by the ongage-
ment of a spring pawl 40 mounted upon the stationary part of the frame work, as
shown in Figures 3 and 4. Within the drum 38 is arranged a coiled spring 38",
which is connected at its outer end to the said drum and at its inner end to the hub
of the wheel 37. The central portion of the wheel 37 is grooved to receive a cord
or chain 41, one end of said cord or chain being connected to the wheel and the
other end passing downward and through a suitable eye or guide 42, on a winding
wheel 44 and having secured to its extremity a weight 45, shown in Figures 3
and 3.
The cord or chain 41 is provided with a knot or stop 45° below the eye or
guide 42 on the winding wheel and when the winding wheel is turned in the direc-
tion indicated by the arrow, Figure 3, the knot or stop 45° brings up against the
said guide 42 and causes the cord to wind up in the groove of the wheel 44, thereby
drawing upon the cord and causing it to rotate the wheel 37 and the latter to wind
up the spring 38º.
As the wheel 37 is rotated by a pull upon the winding cord, its ratchet teeth 36
slip past the spring pawl 35 on the grooved wheel 30, the said wheel 30 and the
shaft 26 to which it is secured being kept relatively stationary by the engagement
of a ratchet wheel 47, fixed to the shaft 26 near its right hand end (Figures
and 21) with a spring pawl 48 mounted upon the stationary frame work. Also
secured rigidly to the right hand end of the shaft 26 is the ratchet escapement
wheel 49 (Figures 1, 2, 4 and 21) with which are adapted to co-operate, two vibrat-

page_text: ing pawls 50 and 51. The pawl 50 is hinged upon a pin 52, as shown in Figures 2,
20 and 21, and is adapted to vibrate backward and forward in the same plane
toward and from the escapement wheel 49 and to pass through between two of the
teeth of said wheel in so moving. The pawl 51 is hinged on an axis or pin 53,
which extends at right angles to the pin or axis 52 of the pawl 50 and a spring 54,
Figure 20, applied to the pawl 51 tends to throw the upper end or point of the
latter out of line with the upper end or point of the relatively fixed pawl 50.
A friction roller 55 serves to diminish the friction upon the bearings of the
pawl 50 during the vibrations of the latter and an adjustable stop 56 limits 'the
degree of lateral motion of the movable pawl 5.1.
The tendency of the spring 38 is to rotate the shaft 26 and the escapement 49
connected thereto in the direction indicated by the arrow, Figure 20.
Normally, the pawls 50, 51 are swung outward with the spring-pressed, or what
may be termed the limber pawl 51 in engagement with the escapement wheel. In
this position the ends of both of the pawls stand in line, as indicated by the full
lines in Figure 20.
Upon the pawl 50 being moved inward so as to engage its upper end between
the teeth of the escapement wheel, the limber pawl will pass out of engagement
with said teeth and its spring 54 will throw it to the right so as to carry its end out
of line with the pawl 50, as shown by the dotted lines, Figure 20, and cause it to
pass into line with the space in front of the next tooth and when both pawls are
swung outward the point of the pawl 50, will become disengaged from the escape-
ment wheel, while the pawl 51 will pass into engagement therewith and the spring
which rotates the escapement wheel being stronger than the spring 54 which holds
the pawl outward against the stop 56, said pawl 51 will be turned by the wheel
upon its pivot until it again comes into line with the relatively fixed pawl 50.
By this arrangement of mechanism the escapement wheel is permitted to advance
the distance between two teeth at each complete vibration of the two pawls.
A convenient means for giving rotation to the winding wheel 44, consists of a
pinion 57, Figure 3, formed upon or secured to the hub of the winding wheel and
a curved rack or sector 58, secured to a hand lever 59, pivoted at 137, whose handle
extends forward alongside the key board, in position to be conveniently grasped
by the operator.
One depression of the lever will wind the spring 38 sufficiently to cause it to
restore the tension lost in feeding the record strip, while the perforations are being
made in it in designating the characters, etc., for a whole line.
The initial tension of the spring may be regulated by turning the drum 38,
Figures 10 and 21, the pawl 40 serving to lock said drum in the position to which
it is turned.
Pivoted upon the same shaft 12, Figure 6, which forms the axis of the bell.
crank levers 11, is a yoke or bail 61, whose outer portion extends transversely
beneath all the lower arms of said bell crank levers 11, so that upon the operation
of any of said bell crank levers by the depression of a key, the said yoke or bail
will be swung downward and through the instrumentality of a link 62, Figures 21
and 22, lever 63, shaft 64, lever 65 and rod 66, cause the feed pawls 51 and 52 to
be swung inward, and upon the release of the key the parts will be caused to resume
their original positions by the expansion of a spring 67 operating upon the lever 65
through a rod 68 and a collar 69 upon said rod, as shown in Figure 21.
From the foregoing description it is clear that when any key of the key board
is depressed, a punch or punches 13, corresponding to the levers 3, 6, or one of
them operated by said key will be driven through the record strip 17 and as the
key and levers 3, 6, return to normal positions the feeding pawls 50, 51 will permit
the escapement wheel 49 to advance one tooth, thereby causing the feed wheels 27,
whose pins 28 are in engagement with the feeding perforations 28", Figures 10
and 24, of the record strip, to feed or advance the record strip so as to bring a blank
space opposite the line of punches in position for receiving the next perforations
in response to the next key actuated.

page_text: also crear what the depression of the operating handle 59 at any time will
restore the tension of the spring 38" of the feeding mechanism.
THE LINE SCALE MECHANISM.
Having now described the mechanism for perforating and feeding the record
strip, the line scale mechanism will next be described.
The line scale mechanism and the mechanism of the justification indicator are
very intimately connected and the action of each is controlled by the movements
of what is termed the units wheel.
As
This units wheel is designated in the drawings by the number 70 and is shown
best in Figures 16 and 17, and is also shown in Figures 10 and 11 and 18.
shown in Figures 10, 11 and 18, it is secured rigidly upon a shaft 71, which is
termed the units wheel shaft, and its periphery is provided with ratchet teeth, as
shown in Figures 16 and 18. The units wheel shaft 71 is mounted in fixed bear-
ings 72, 73, Figure 11, so as to turn freely therein. Secured to this shaft near its
rear end is the inner end of a spring 74, the outer end of said spring being secured
to a drum or casing 75 which is mounted loosely upon the shaft 71, but is normally
prevented from turning thereon by reason of the engagement of one of its peri-
pheral ratchet teeth 76, with a spring pawl 77 mounted upon a fixed portion of
the frame work 78, shown in Figures 11 and 18. By turning the drum 75 so
that its ratchet teeth will slip past the pawl 77, the initial tension of the spring 74
may be adjusted.
The shaft 71 and the units wheel mounted thereon are normally prevented from
being revolved by the spring 74 by the restraining action of the pawl or detent 79
pivoted at 80 to the stationary frame work of the machine and held in engagement
with the teeth of the units wheel by a spring 81, as shown in Figure 16.
Mounted upon the units wheel shaft so as to turn freely is an arm 89, which
has connected to it a spring 90, Figures 10 and 16, which tends to keep the arm
in the position indicated by the dotted lines in Figure 16. In this arm 89 near the
outer end is a longitudinal slot 91, Figures 16 and 17, in which is adapted to play
a pin or stud 92, projecting from a block 93 that is formed with a tooth or teeth 93º,
that is or are adapted to engage with one or more teeth of the units wheel when said
block is moved so that its pin or stud 92 is at or near the inner extremity of the
slot 91. As shown in Figure 17, the block 93 is provided with a dove-tailed pro-
jection 94, which fits within a corresponding dove-tailed circular recess 95, formed
in a lever 96, arranged below the units wheel and pivoted at one end at 97, as shown
in Figure 16. A rod 98 is connected at its lower end to the swinging lever 96 and
at its upper end is provided with a slot 100, which is adapted to receive a pin 101,
Figure 16, projecting laterally from the side of the pawl or detent 79.
Whenever the lever 96 is raised so as to cause the tooth 93" of the block 93 carried
by it to engage with the teeth of the units wheel the detent or pawl 79 at the top
of the units wheel, will, through the instrumentality of the rod 98 and pin 101 be
lifted out of engagement with the units wheel, thereby releasing the latter and
permitting it to revolve in the direction indicated by the arrow Figure 16, carrying
with it the arm 89, the block 93, with which the arm is engaged sliding through
the curved guide 95 of the lever 96, as will be understood by an inspection of
Figures 16 and 17.
The requisite vertical swinging motion is imparted to the bar 96 from the key
levers 3 in the following manner: The said bar 96 has connected to it a rod 82,
Figures 6, 16 and 17, whose lower end is connected to the lever 83, mounted on the
cross shaft 84, Figure 6. Also connected to the shaft 84 so as to rock with it is a
yoke or bail 85, which extends across the machine beneath a series of hooked rods 86
connected to the series of longitudinal key bars 3, there being a hooked rod 86 for
each of the several levers 3, except the sixteenth or justifying one.
The proper
relative. positions of the hooked rods 86 are preserved by means of a transverse
guide 87 through which the hooked bars pass, as shown in Figure 6. A spring 88
B

page_text: . is connected to the yoke or bail 85 and holds the latter normally up in engagement
with the hooked bars.
It is apparent from this construction that when a key lever 3 is depressed its
hooked bar 86, acting upon the yoke or bail 85 will turn the shaft S4 and through
the lever 83 and connecting rod 82 will raise the swinging lever 96 and cause the
engagement of the teeth 93" of the block 93 with the teeth of the units wheel.
Now it is evident that if the several keys 1 of the key board can be made to
arrest the swinging arm 89 (when thus engaged with the units wheel) at different
distances from the normal or starting point corresponding to the different widths,
set way, of the several type indicated by the keys, the successive advances of the
units wheel and its shaft can be employed for operating mechanism for indicating
both the relative fullness of the line for which types are being designated and the
number of space units remaining in the line to be filled by justification.
To this end, it is arranged that the distance between each two teeth, in the units
wheel shall represent the unit of space by which all the types of the font are to be
measured and there is assigned to each key a value in space units. Upon releasing
the units wheel from the pawl 79, it is arranged to be arrested after its travel a
number of units corresponding to the number of units represented by the character
on the key depressed in the following manner:
As all the types composing the font are classified in a series of fifteen sizes,
representing fifteen different body widths, set way, it is only necessary that pro-
vision be made for arresting the units wheel in fifteen different positions. Accord-
ingly there is connected to each of the bell crank levers 11, that is controlled by a
lever 3 and key 1, Figures 6, 10, 11 (except the last or fifteenth one) a rod 102,
which rod in turn is connected to the upper end of a centrally pivoted lever 103,
whose lower end abuts against a horizontally moving stop or pin 104, provided with
a retracting spring 105, as shown in Figure 11.
Upon the depression of any type key lever 3, except the fifteenth one the upper
end of its bell crank lever 11 will be moved to drive a punch 13 through the record
strip and in so moving will draw upon the rod 102 to swing the centrally pivoted
lever 103 and force outward the pin 104 into the path of the swinging arm 89.
The projection of the pin 104 takes place in point of time before the engage-
ment of the teeth 93" of the block 93 with the units wheel and the disengagement
of the locking detent or pawl 9 from the units wheel, and therefore when the
arm 89 is locked to the units wheel and the latter is released from the detaining
pawl 79 the said units wheel will turn and carry the arm 89 around until it engages
the projected stop pin.
Upon the release of the key, the lever 96 will be swung down under the influence
of the spring 88, Figure 6, thus first causing the rod 98 to lower and permit the
locking detent or pawl 79 to re-engage and lock the units wheel and then to cause
the disengagement of the teeth 93" of the block 93 from the units wheel, and per-
mitting the arm 89 to be carried back to its normal position by the operation of
the spring 90, Figure 16.
The release of the key also causes a restoration of the bell crank lever 11 to its
normal position and permits the consequent retraction of the stop pin.
Reference has been made to the fact that but fourteen movable stop pins are
employed, although there are fifteen different sizes of type represented by the
fifteen longitudinal rows of keys in the key board. It is not to be understood,
however, that the fifteenth stop pin is not necessary. It is necessary, but as it is
the last of the series and never has to be passed by the arm 89, it is made fixed.
It is lettered 104 and is shown in Figure 18.
In order to prevent any rebound of the arm 89 and units wheel when the arm
strikes the stop pin, the arm may be provided with a spring pawl 106, Figure 16,
and the lever 96 with a co-operating series of ratchet teeth 107.
As the arm 89 swings around the pawl passes over the several ratchet teeth,
remaining in engagement with the one last passed over.
The same downward movement of the lever 96 which effects the disengagement of

page_text: the teeth 93 of the block 93 from the teeth of the ratchet wheel, also disengages
pawl 106 from its co-operating ratchet teeth 107.
So far it has been described how the units wheel and its shaft are released and
arrested after having been permitted to advance to a greater or less distance, or in
other words, through a greater or less number of units of space. It will now be
explained how the motion of the units wheel shaft is employed to operate the line
space mechanism.
Secured to the units wheel shaft, Figures 11 and 19, is a small pinion 108, which
is adapted to engage with and impart longitudinal motion to a sliding rack 109.
This sliding rack is slotted longitudinally, as shown in Figure 12. Through this
slot extends a headed pin or bolt 110, whose head rests against the inside of the
rack bar and whose shank extends outward through a slot 111 in the front casing
of the machine, as shown in Figures 11 and 13.
Surrounding the bolt 110 is a sleeve 112, which has a front flange 113, against.
which presses an adjusting nut 114, which works upon the screw threaded outer
end of the bolt, as shown in Figures 11, 12, 12° and 13.
By loosening the nut 114, the bolt may be shifted in the slot of the rack, and by
turning the nut so as to cause the rack to be pinched between the head of the bolt...
on one side and the end of the sleeve on the other, the bolt may be held securely
to the rack. The front flange 113 of the sleeve is provided with a pointer 115 and
the slot 111 along which the pointer travels as the rack is moved longitudinally is
provided with a graduated scale, as shown. The length of the scale represents
the maximum width of a line for which the types may be formed. When a line of
shorter length is to be employed the adjustable pointer is secured to its rack so
as to stand normally more or less distant from the left hand end of the scale and,
the distance between it and the right hand end of the scale will then represent the
length of the line.
As the keys one after the other are struck, the pointer will advance along the
scale through a greater or less distance, according to the value of the key struck
and a glance at its location indicates to the operator the approximate position in
the line of the character that has been last designated and shows him whether or
not the next word or syllable is admissible in the line. Preferably means are
provided for sounding a bell or alarm before the justifying margin is reached, in
order that the operator may be apprised that he is nearing the justifying margin.
In Figure 19, 107" represents. a bell or gong. Its striker 107b is adapted to be
tripped by a pivoted lever 107°, whose upper end is provided with a pin 107d that
passes into a slot 109 of the rack 109 (Figure 12*) and is actuated at the proper
time by being struck by the portion 109b of said rack.
THE JUSTIFICATION INDICATOR.
The justification indicator is operated by the motion of the units wheel shaft
in the following manner:
Secured to the units wheel shaft is the gear wheel 116, Figures 10, 11 and 18,
which meshes with the teeth of a smaller gear wheel 117, mounted upon a shaft 118
that extends through the front casing of the machine and also through a dial
plate 119, secured to the latter, as shown in Figures 10 and 11, a hand or
pointer 120 being secured to the end of the shaft by a set screw 121, as shown in.
Figure 11.
From this construction, it will be seen that as the units wheel shaft is turned,
the hand or pointer 120 will through the described gearing be also turned and
caused to sweep over the face of the dial 119.
The face of the dial plate is divided off into radial spaces by radial lines 122,
each space representing a unit of measurement, as explained in the preamble to
this specification, and each of the radial spaces is subdivided into smaller spaces
by means of concentric lines 123; these latter spaces are numbered according to
the plan disclosed in said preamble.
The outer portion of the hand or pointer 120 is subdivided by transverse lines;

page_text: into spaces which are numbered from one to twelve consecutively, the numbers
being indicative of the number of justifying space type that may be required to be
varied in any given line. As before explained, the dial is divided off preferably so
as to indicate only the units of space in what is called the justifying margin, that is
to say, that portion of the line near its end which has to be filled out or occupied
by justification.
As each key is depressed, the hand or pointer 120 advances as many units of space
as the particular character designated by the key calls for, and if the line is a long
one the said hand or pointer may make several revolutions before the line scale
indicates that the justifying margin is reached. Being apprised that the justifying
margin has been reached, the operator first ascertains the number of justifying
space type in the given line by looking at the number exposed at the aperture 124,
Figure 13, of the space counting mechanism, then, runs his eye along the hand or
pointer 120 until he has located the corresponding number thereon and then looks
at the number on the dial immediately in front of said number on the hand or
pointer and ascertains therefrom the requisite justifying fraction to be added to
the several justifying space type and presses the appropriate justifying key or keys
in the last or sixteenth longitudinal row of the key board to cause the appropriate
perforations to be made in the record strip.
THE SPACE COUNTING MECHANISM.
Behind the aperture 124, Figure 13, of the space counting mechanism, is arranged
a longitudinally sliding rack bar 125, Figure 19, provided on its face with con-
secutive numbers from 1 to 12 or more, that as the bar is moved, are adapted to be
exhibited through the said aperture 124, Figure 13.
The teeth 126 of this rack bar overhang a spring-pressed pawl 127 mounted on a
reciprocating pawl carrier 128, Figures 11 and 19 and 19 and 19. The pawl
carrier 128 is connected by a rod 129 to a bell crank lever 130, Figure 19, whose
lower member is in turn connected by a rod 131, to the middle longitudinal key
lever 6, which, as shown in Figures 6 and 7, is adapted to be depressed by the
operation of any of the keys in the first horizontal row of keys nearest to the
operator, which keys are all for designating space type of different widths as shown
in Figure 5.
When in the preparation of the record strip for any given line of matter a space
key is struck for designating a space, the upper end of the bell crank lever 130,
Figure 19, is moved forward carrying with it the pawl carrier 128 and the pawl 127
engages a tooth 126 of the rack and advances the rack bar the distance of one
tooth.
The same movement of the bell crank lever 130, which causes the pawl 127 to
advance the rack tooth, also, through a rod 132, and bell crank lever 133 causes
a finger 134 on the upper arm of said bell crank lever 133 to be thrown in front
of one of the teeth of the rack bar, thereby arresting the latter and preventing it
from overthrowing under the influence of the actuating pawl.
A spring pawl 135 is adapted to engage with the upper portion of the teeth of
the rack bar and normally acts to prevent the backward movement of the rack bar.
Upon the release of the space key after its depression the pawl carrier 128 moves
backward to first position and during this movement, the back of the pawl 127
strikes a stationary pin 136 and is swung thereby slightly forward so that its
point will lie below the plane of the teeth of the rack bar. This is the normal
position of the pawl.
THE RESETTING MECHANISM.
After the various types for a line have been designated and the justifying frac-
tions have been designated by the justifying keys, it becomes necessary to reset the
parts for the production of the record for the next succeeding line.
The resetting of the space counting mechanism is effected by the following
mechanism: hand lever 59, Figures 1, 2, 3, 4, which has already been alluded to

page_text: is mounted upon a shaft 137, Figures 4 and 6 to which is applied a spring 138
that tends to keep the outer end of the hand lever elevated.
On the inner side of the hand lever is formed or secured a stop or projection 139
and projecting above this stop in the path thereof is the end of the traverser
lever 140, Figures 1, 4, 18, that is pivoted in a hanger 141, at the opposite side of
the machine, as shown in Figure 18. Secured to the front side of this lever is a
stud or projection 142, which stands beneath an arm 143 on a shaft 144, said arm
being connected through a rod 145 that extends upward and is joined at its upper
end to the lower arm of a bell crank lever 146, Figures 18 and 19, the upper end.
of the latter being in turn connected by a rod 147 to the upper arm of the pawl
or detent 135. A spring 148 applied to the arm 143 tends to keep said arm down
against a stud or projection 142 on the lever 140. As before stated the hand lever
under the influence of the spring 138, Figure 4, is kept normally elevated, in which
position it holds raised the outer end of the arm 140 and causes the projection 142
to lift the arm 143 and through the rod 145 and bell crank lever 146, cause the
rod 147 to be drawn upon so as to permit pin 135" on the pawl 135 to play freely
in the slot 147° of the rod 147, as shown in Figure 19. When however, the hand
lever is depressed, the spring 148 acting upon the arm 143 draws down the rod 145,
Figure 19, tilts the bell crank lever 146, and throws the connecting rod 147
forward until the end of the slot in the latter strikes the pin 135 of the pawl 135
and tilts tne said pawl 135 out of engagement with the rack bar 109, whereupon
the spring 125 draws the rack bar 109 back to first position or starting point.
The resetting of the line space mechanism and of the justification indicator and
the rewinding of the spring 74 applied to the units wheel shaft are also effected by
the depression of the hand lever by the following mechanism:
By reference to Figures 10, 11 and 18, and particularly Figure 18, it will be
seen that the pawl or detent 79, which co-acts with the units wheel is provided with
a long arm 79, to which is connected a rod 149 that is slotted at its lower end, as
shown at 149 to receive the end of a lever 150, projecting from and secured to the
rock shaft 144, as seen in Figures 18, & 18.
When the hand lever is depressed and the rock shaft 144 is permitted to rock
or lever 150 draws
under the influence of the spring applied to it, the arm
detent
the pawl or
downward
the rod 149 and rocks
upon
79
out
the units wheel and the latter being released
of engagement with
is free to be rotated with its shaft in the contrary direction to that in which it
has been fed so as to rewind the spring 74 and set the units wheel and conse-
quently the hand or pointer of the justification indicator back to the normal or
starting point.
The means for rewinding the spring 74 are as follows:
Secured to the units wheel shaft between the units wheel 70 and the gear
wheel 116 is a small drum or pulley 151, Figures 10 and 11. To this drum or
pulley is fastened one end of a small cord or chain 152, Figure 10. The other end
of said cord passes over guide pulley 153, Figures 10 and 18, thence over other
pulleys 154, 155, Figure 3, thence through a pendent weight 156, Figure 3º, thence
through a pulley 157 to the grooved periphery 158 of the winding wheel 44,
(Figures 3 and 4) to which it is secured, all as shown in Figure 3.
As the units wheel shaft is advanced by the operation of the finger keys as here-
inbefore explained, the cord 152 is wound upon the pulley 151, the weight 156
serving to keep the cord taut. Upon the release of the detent 79 from the units
wheel and the depression of the hand lever 59, the said cord 152 is wound up upon
the winding wheel 44, and the drum or pulley 151 of the units wheel shaft and
units wheel are rotated back to first position, ready for action in the production of
the record for the next line of matter.
If the hand lever 59 is depressed each time at substantially the same speed,
5 there will be no difficulty in causing the arrest of the units wheel at the same point
each time and locking it there by the detent 79, but if the hand lever is depressed

page_text: too rapidly the units wheel and the other gearing connected to the units wheel
shaft will be driven so rapidly as to cause them to overthrow the starting point
slightly, and to prevent the stoppage of the units wheel shaft at the overthrown
position, but on the contrary provide for its return to the starting or normal posi-
tion each time, there is preferably arranged on the side of the units wheel a series
of pins 160, Figures 10, 11 and 16, at, say, the distance of about fifteen teeth and
there is arranged for co-operating with said series of pins, a pawl arm 161,
Figure 18, mounted upon a shank of a screw 162, Figure 18 that has a bearing in
a bracket 163, as shown in said last mentioned figure. Also mounted upon the
shank of the screw 162 is an arm 164, which has a slot 164 into which projects
a pin 165 from the arm 161. A spring 165 connects the arm 161 and 164 together.
To the arm 164 is connected a downwardly extending rod 166, which receives the
end of an arm 167, secured to the rock shaft 144, Figures 18 and 18".
Projecting from the side of the pawl 161 is a pin 168, Figure 18, and upon the
bracket 163 is arranged a stop 169, with which the pin 168 is adapted to engage
when the pawl arm is thrown forward so as to limit the motion of the pawl. As
before stated, the same motion of the hand lever which causes the rewinding of
the spring of the units wheel shaft causes the shaft 144, Figure 18, to be rocked.
This rocking motion of the shaft last mentioned causes the arm 167 to draw down
upon the rod 166 and through the pin and slot connection 165" and 164" cause the
pawl arm 161 to be thrown forward until its pin 168 strikes the stop 169, in which
position the inclined end of the pawl will stand in the path of the pins 160 on the
side of the units wheel.
As the units wheel revolves in the resetting movement, the pins 160 upon it
strike and push past the pawl arm 161, the pawl however immediately springing
behind said pin. From this arrangement it results that if the units wheel over-
throws during the rewinding operation, it will be carried back by the tension of
the spring just wound up until the pin 160, that has last passed the pawl arm 161,
will be caught by the said last mentioned pawl, thus arresting the units wheel
before the locking pawl or detent 79 re-engages it, the latter operation not taking
place until the hand lever rises and strikes the transverse lever 140.
It will be understood that one of the pins 160 stands in engagement with the
pawl 161 when the parts are at the normal or starting point, hence it becomes
necessary that the units wheel shall be brought back to this point at the end of
each line in order that the pointer of the justification mechanism may always start
from the same place on the dial. An overthrow of at least fifteen teeth of the
units wheel is thus provided for which is quite margin enough.
THE GALLEY FEED PUNCH.
Another result of depressing the hand lever 59 is to cause a galley feed perfora-
tion to be punched in the record strip and the latter to be advanced one line space.
The mechanism for accomplishing this is shown best in Figures 6, 22 and 23.
As shown in Figure 22, a bell crank lever 11b (Figure 10) similar to the bell
crank lever 11 and having connected to it a punch 1:35 similar to the punches 13,
is provided with a depending arm 176, which is connected by a rod 175, to a swinging
arm 174 (Fig. 22).
Co-operating with the swinging arm 174 is a pivoted pawl 171, which is mounted
upon an arm 170 secured to the shaft 137 upon which the hand lever is mounted
and is provided with a spring 173 which operates to hold its inner end against the
stop 172. Each time the hand lever is depressed the pawl 171 being held rigidly
against its stop 172 is caused to strike the swinging arm 174 and through the
rod 175 and depending arm 176 cause the bell crank lever 11b to be vibrated and its
punch 13b, Figure 10, to be driven through the record strip.
The vibration of the bell crank lever 11b during this operation causes the bail
or yoke which also extends beneath the bell crank levers 116 to be operated, thereby
causing a feed of the paper one line space as hereinbefore described. On the return
of the hand lever to normal position, the pawl 171 again strikes the arm 174, but

page_text: arm 174.
*
OPERATION OF THE MACHINE.
The operation of the various parts of the machine having been herein before
described in connection with the description of the construction of these parts, it
will not be necessary to again state the same in detail, but a brief resume of the
sequence of operations will suffice.
Assuming that the operator wishes to produce a record for a line that is to con-
tain the following matter, namely: "When in the course of human events, it
becomes necessary for one," he would proceed as follows:
He would first depress the hand lever for the purpose of restoring all the parts to
normal position. In doing this, the galley feed punch 13b would be operated.
The perforations would be made in the strip at the point marked "galley" at the
top of the strip (Figure 24). A further necessary result of the vibration of the
hand lever would be the feeding of the strip forward so as to present a blank portion
of the strip opposite the series of punches.
He would next strike the key at the intersection of the 14th horizontal row of
keys with the 15th longitudinal row of keys to designate a quad, such as would be
used by a printer at the beginning of a paragraph. This would cause the perfora-
tion marked "quad" to be produced and the paper to be again fed forward. The
next character to be,designated being a capital W, he would press the key desig-
nated W at the intersection of the fourth horizontal row with the fifteenth longi-
tudinal row.
This operation would produce a single perforation in the record
strip, as indicated at "W" on Figure 24. The reason why double perforations
would not be required to be made for this capital "W" or in fact, for any character
in the fifteenth longitudinal row is that the pin of the type forming machine which
controls the movement of the matrix carrier to bring the matrices in the fifteenth
or last row of the matrix carrier into line with the casting mechanism, is a fixed
pin and consequently no perforation is required to bring it into action, as in the
case of the characters arranged in the other longitudinal rows.
After the making of the record for the capital W, the operator depresses in order
the keys for designating hen and two perforations would be made in the record
strip for each of said characters, as shown. Then would follow designation of a
space which would also produce two perforations in the strip at the point marked
space," Figure 24, and so on until all the characters and spaces admissible in the
line were designated. As the end of the line was neared the fact would be indi-
cated both by the line scale pointer and by the alarm connected to the same and the
operator would see that no more words or syllables were permissible in the line
after the word "one."
A glance at the space counter would show that eleven spaces had been designated
for the line, and then running his eye along the pointer of the justification indi-
cator until the figure 11 was reached, the operator would look at the number
opposite said figure in the space of the dial immediately behind said figure, and
would find the dial number to be also eleven, which would indicate that a justify-
ing fraction of eleven thousandths of an inch would have to be added to the eleven
justifying space types in the line to fill out or justify the line, whereupon he would
press the number 10 key in the sixteenth longitudinal row of keys and then the
number 1 key in said sixteenth longitudinal row, thereby producing two sets of
justifying perforations, as shown in Figure 24. The end of the line having
been reached, the hand lever would be again vibrated, thereby causing another
galley feed perforation to be made in the strip, the strip to be fed forward another
space and the space counting mechanism, the line scale mechanism and the justfi-.
cation indicator to be all returned to the starting point or normal position, as
hereinbefore described.

page_text: Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said in-
vention as communicated to me by my foreign correspondents and in what manner
the same is to be performed, I declare that what I claim is:-
1. The combination of a series of keys, a series of key levers upon which the
keys directly operate, a second series of key levers, a series of connections for com-
municating the motion of the keys to the said second series of key levers and two
series of punches operated respectively from the two series of key levers; substan-
tially as described.
2. The combination of a series of keys arranged in rows with reference to the
body width, set way, of the characters they represent, a series of key levers
arranged beneath said rows of keys, each adapted to be operated by any key in its
particular row, a second series of key levers arranged along side the first mentioned
series of key levers, a series of transverse bails extending across the first mentioned
series of key levers and communicating the motion of the keys to the second series
of key levers and a series of punches for each series of key levers; substantially
as described.
3. The combination of a series of finger keys, arranged in longitudinal and
transverse rows, a series of long key levers one for each longitudinal row of keys,
a series of shorter key levers arranged along side the series of long key levers in
alternation therewith, a series of transverse bails, one for each transverse row of
keys for communicating the motion of all the keys in such transverse row to one
of the shorter key levers, and a series of punches for each series of key levers;
substantially as described.
4. The combination of the series of long key levers, the series of shorter key levers
arranged in alternation with the first mentioned series of levers and having the
vertical projections or fingers, the transverse bails extending across the longer key
levers and above the projections or fingers of the shorter levers, and the series of
finger keys, bearing upon the series of long key levers and having lateral projec-
tions bearing upon the transverse bails; substantially as described for the purpose
specified.
5. The combination of the hollow stationary cylinder, the shaft 26 passing longi-
tudinally through said cylinder, the toothed feed disks secured to said shaft at
opposite ends of the cylinder, the motor device applied to one end of said shaft,
the ratchet wheel on the opposite end of said shaft and the escapement pawls co-
operating with said ratchet wheel and deriving motion from the key levers; sub-
stantially as described.
6. The combination of a series of keys representing the various characters, etc.,
used in printing, a register or counter for indicating the number of justifying
type designated for a given line, and a justification indicator operated by the keys
and having a dial and pointer for indicating the appropriate justifying fraction
to be added to the ascertained number of justifying type; substantially as
described.
7. The combination of a series of keys representing the various characters in a
font of type, a line scale mechanism operated from the keys for indicating to the
operator the filling up of the line and showing as the end of the line is neared how
much space remains to be filled by justification, a register or counter operated by
the keys representing the justifying type for indicating the number of justifying
type designated for a given line, and a justification indicator operated by the keys
and having a dial and pointer for indicating the appropriate justifying fraction to
be added to the ascertained number of justifying type, substantially as describe l.
8. The combination with a key board provided with a series of keys representing
the various characters, spaces, etc., in a font of type, another series of keys repre-
senting justifying fractions that may be added to the normal width of the justify-
ing type for a line, a units mechanism, which is advanced upon the operation of
each key representing a character, space, etc., as many units of measurement as
the character, space, etc., designated by that particular key will occupy, set way,
in the line, a register or counter for registering the number of justifying type,

page_text: such, for instance, as space type, designated for the particular line, a justification
indicator operated by the units mechanism for showing the number of units of
measurement remaining in the line as the end of the latter is neared and indicating
the justifying fraction to be added to the justifying type for the line, and two
sets of punches one operated by the keys representing the characters, etc., and the
other by the justifying keys, for recording the operations of said keys; substan-
tially as described.
9. The combination with a key board provided with a series of keys representing
the various characters, etc., in a font of type arranged in rows with reference to
the body width, set way, of the characters for which they stand, another series of
keys representing justifying fractions that may be added to the normal width of
the justifying type for a line, a units mechanism which is advanced upon the
operation of each key representing a character, space, etc., as many units of mea-
surement as the character, space, etc., designated by that particular key will
occupy, set way, in the line, a register or counter for registering the number of
justifying type, such for instance, as space type, designated for the particular line,
a justification indicator operated by the units mechanism for showing the number
of units of measurement remaining in the line as the end of the latter is neared
and indicating the justifying fraction to be added to the justifying type for the
line, and two sets of punches, one operated by the keys representing the characters,
etc., and the other by the justifying keys, for recording the operations of said
keys, substantially as described.
10. The combination with a key board provided with a series of keys represent-
ing the various characters, spaces, etc., in a font of type, another series of keys
representing justifying fractions that may be added to the normal width of the
justifying type for a line, a units mechanism which is advanced upon the opera-
tion of each key representing a character, space, etc., as many units of measure-
ment as the character, space, etc., designated by that particular key will occupy,
set way, in the line, a line scale mechanism for warning the operator that the end
of the line is being approached, a register or counter for registering the number
of justifying type, such for instance as space type, designated for the particular
line, a justification indicator operated by the units mechanism for showing the
number of units of measurement remaining in the line as the end of the latter is
neared and indicating the justifying fraction to be added to the indicated justify-
ing type for the line, and two sets of punches, one operated by the keys represent-
ing the characters, etc., and the other by the justifying keys, for recording the
operations of said keys,, substantially as described.
11. The combination with the units wheel and its motor, of the swinging arm
mounted on the units wheel shaft, the toothed block movable longitudinally of
said arm, the pivoted lever having a curved recess or race way in which the toothed
block is free to move, and the keys and connections for vibrating the pivoted lever;
substantially as described.
12. The combination with the units wheel and its motor, the swinging arm
mounted on the units wheel shaft, the toothed block movable longitudinally of said
arm,
the swinging lever having a recess or guide for the toothed block, the pawl or
detent which holds the units wheel normally in check and the connection between
the hinged lever and said pawl or detent; substantially as described.
13. The combination with the units wheel and its motor, the swinging arm,
toothed block, the pivoted lever having the recess or guide in which the toothed
block slides, the detent or pawl engaging the ratchet wheel and connected to the
pivoted lever, the keys and the distance determining stops projected in the plane of
the swinging arm by the operation of the keys; substantially as described.
14. The combination with the units wheel, the swinging arm mounted upon the
units wheel shaft, the toothed block, the pivoted lever, by which the toothed block
is supported and guided, the ratchet teeth on the pivoted lever and the pawl car-
ried by the swinging arm, whereby rebound of the swinging arm when it strikes a
distance determining stop is prevented; substantially as described.

page_text: 15. The combination with the keys, the pivoted lever of the units wheel mechan-
ism and connections between the keys and said pivoted lever for operating the
latter upon the depression of any key, the units wheel, the swinging arm mounted
upon the units wheel shaft, the toothed block carried and guided by the pivoted
lever and adjustably connected to the swinging arm, the pawl or detent for the units
wheel and the means for operating it, the dial of the justifying indicator divided
radially into spaces representing units of measurement and the hand or pointer
co-operating with said dial driveu from the units wheel shaft; substantially as
described.
$
"
16. The dial of the justification indicator divided radially into spaces each of
which represents a unit of measurement and the hand or pointer driven from the
units wheel shaft co-operating with said dial, the radial spaces of the dial being
divided up and having numbers applied to' it representing the justifying fractions
and the hand or pointer having also numbers applied to it representing the various
numbers of justifying type that may be designated for a given line, substantially
as described and for the purpose specified.
17. The combination with the space key, its lever and punch, of the counting or
registering mechanism consisting of the sliding rack bearing numbers as described,
the vibrating pawl carrier and pawl carried thereby for engaging the teeth of said
rack bar, the rods and levers for operating said pawl carrier from the space key
bail and the stop finger for preventing overthrow of the rack bar; substantially
as described.
18. The combination with the rack bar, of the space counting or registering
mechanism, of the spring pressed pawl 135, rod 147, bell crank lever 146, rod 145,
arm 143 on rock shaft 144, of the resetting mechanism; substantially as described.
19. The combination with the units wheel, the pawl or detent 79 in engagement
therewith, the rod 98 having a slot at its upper end into which projects a pin on
the pawl, the rod 149, connected to the armi 179 of the pawl, and the arm 150 on
shaft 144 of the resetting mechanism; substantially as described and for the pur-
pose specified.
20. The combination of the units wheel and the mechanism for winding the
motor which propels the same, of the pins 160 projecting laterally from the sides
of the units wheel; of the pawl arm 161, arm 164, spring 165, pin 168, stop 169,
and arm 167 on the rock shaft 144 of the resetting mechanism, whereby the units
wheel is arrested at the proper point if overthrown by the too rapid winding of
its motor; substantially as described.
21. The means for punching the galley feed perforation. in the record strip con-
sisting of the arm 170 on the hand lever shaft, spring pressed pawl 171, stop 172,
swinging arm 174, rod 175, bell crank lever 11b and punch 13b; substantially as
described.
22. The combination in a record strip preparing mechanism of a series of record
producing devices for recording successive characters and spaces, an indicator for
indicating the number of justifying type, and a justification indicator for indi-
cating the necessary variations in the width of said justifying type to complete a
line.
23: The combination in a record strip preparing mechanism of two series of
record producing devices, the one pertaining to character spaces, and the other,
to variations in width of selected justifying type; an indicator controlled by said
series of character designating devices, for indicating the aggregate space occupied
by the designated characters; an indicator showing the number of the designated
justifying type and a justification indicator actuated by the character designating
devices to indicate which of the series of devices controlling variations in width of
selected type is to be actuated to produce a justified record strip; substantially as
described.
24. The combination in a record strip preparing mechanism of the following
elements, to wit; a series of type designating punches; a series of justification
designating punches; a series of keys controlling said punches; an indicator

page_text: responding to the action of the keys controlling the justifying type. to indicate the
number of the latter; and a justifying indicator responsive to the keys controlling
the type designating punches, and operating to indicate which of the series of justi-
fication punches is to be operated to produce a record strip for a justified line;
substantially as described.
25. The combination in a record strip preparing mechanism of the following
elements, to wit; a series of type designating punches, a series of justification
designating punches; keys controlling both series of punches; an indicator re-
sponding to the keys of the type designating punches to indicate the aggregate
length of the line as registered; an indicator responding to the action of the keys
controlling such of the type designating punches as are assigned to justification;
and a justifying indicator responding to the keys controlling the type designating
punches and operating to indicate the appropriate justification designating punch
or punches to produce the record for a justified line, substantially as described.
Dated this 28th day of September 1897.
BOULT & WADE,
Agents for the Applicant.