matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
A NEW OR IMPROVED APPARATUS, WHICH IN COMBINATION WITH AN ALARUM WILL LIGHT A LAMP AT ANY DESIRED TIME
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Edward Gedge at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 16th September 1878. A communication
from abroad by Gilbert Devillers, of Paris, France.
.
WILLIAM EDWARD GEDGE, of No. 11, Wellington Street, Strand, London, in the
County of Middlesex, Patent Agent. "A NEW OR IMPROVED APPARATUS, WHICH
IN COMBINATION WITH AN ALARUM WILL LIGHT A LAMP AT ANY DESIRED TIME."
A communication from abroad by Gilbert Devillers, of Paris, France.
This Invention relates to an apparatus which, combined with an alarum clock,
serves to light a lamp at any desired hour.
The accompanying Sheet of Drawing shows an apparatus embodying this
Invention.
No. 1 indicates the clock stand supporting also a rocking lever No. 2, a match
holder No. 3, a spring No. 4, a striking plate No. 5, a lamp No. 6, and a lamp
pillar or support No. 7.
The alarum clock being set at any required time, and placed upon No. 1, when the
alarm starts its key lifts No. 2, which releases the match holder No. 3, and the, spring
No. 4 causes the match to rub against No. 5, and light the lamp No. 6.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR CARDING FIBRES
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Taylor at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 27th May 1878.
JOSEPH TAYLOR, of Bowers Mille, Stainland, in the Parish of Halifax, in the
County of York, Woollen Manufacturer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR
CARDING FIBRES."
This Invention relates to the use of improved cards for covering the "fancy
rollers and stripping rollers of machinery for carding fibres, and the arranging the
cards on the fancy so as to mainly perform the operation of self-cleaning the
cylinder, and also at the same time work the fibre after the manner of an ordinary
fancy.
According to this my Invention I employ as the main card covering any ordinary
construction of card teeth, in connection with which I use hardened and tempered
steel teeth, the latter (pointed by preference) being made longer than the ordinary
or other teeth forming the cards of the fancy or strippers. The longer and hardened
steel teeth are arranged or so "set" in the "fancy" or in the strippers as that one
is within the space or blank between each two other teeth.
In the working of the fancy or the strippers the end or points of the hardened
teeth penetrate the cards on the cylinder and remove the dirt and waste therefrom,
the other or ordinary cards operating in the usual way.
In the above description I describe the longer teeth of hardened and tempered
steel; they may however be made of soft steel, iron, or other metal, and arranged
set" in relative position to the other teeth, as desirable.
or
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR PREPARING AND SPINNING FIBROUS MA- TERIALS
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Jacob Taylor at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 24th September 1878.
JACOB TAYLOR, of Macclesfield, in the County of Chester, Mill Manager. " CERTAIN
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR PREPARING AND SPINNING FIBROUS MA-
TERIALS."
My Invention is applicable to all machines used in preparing cotton and other
fibres in which aprons or creepers are employed to feed the fibres into the machine.
Heretofore these aprons or creepers have been driven by the friction of the rollers
around which they are carried; now my Invention consists in driving the said aprons
or creepers by positive gearing whereby a uniform supply is obtained and the
irregularities caused by the variations of friction are avoided. In performing my
Invention I use endless bands of steel in which are perforations taking into pegs
projecting from the driving rollers, and I attach the laths forming the apron or
creeper to the said steel bands, or the positive motion may be obtained by pegs on
the bands taking into holes in the rollers or by chains, or otherwise.
My Invention consists also in making the card rollers of carding engines of the
full width between the frames, and in making the inside of the frames with a true
and smooth surface; by this means the selvages of the fleece of fibres are kept true
instead of being ragged as heretofore. I also place one or more hoops or rings of
card fillets on each end of the card rollers and parallel thereto, the body of the
rollers being covered with card fillet wound on spirally in the ordinary manner.
My Invention consists also in an improved mode of constructing the drawing
rollers of machines for preparing and spinning fibres. When the top rollers are
fluted I leave a shoulder of the same diameter as the top of the flutes at one or
both ends of the boss, which shoulders rest upon shoulders on the bottom roller. By
this means when the sliver is not passing between the drawing rollers the flutes
are prevented injuring each other.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE FURNITURE FOR ROLLER BLINDS, MAPS, AND OTHER SIMILAR ARTICLES
Year: 1878

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to George Davis, of Aberystwith, in the County of Cardigan,
Iron Merchant, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE FURNITURE FOR
ROLLER BLINDS, MAPS, AND OTHER SIMILAR ARTICLES."
Sealed the 25th April 1879, and dated the 29th October 1878.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said George Davis at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 29th October 1878.
GEORGE DAVIS, of Aberystwith, in the County of Cardigan, Iron Merchant.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE FURNITURE FOR ROLLER BLINDS, MAPS, AND OTHER
SIMILAR ARTICLES."
This Invention refers to a simple addition to be made to the mounts or brackets
employed with rollers for blinds, or maps, or other similar articles with the view of
preventing the slipping of the winding cords out of the pulleys.
One mode in which I effect this is by forming the bracket which is attached to
the sash frame or side of the window with one or both its ends turned at right
angles to the plate so as to form an arm or arms projecting over the periphery of
the pulley, and thus confining the cord within the groove without restraining its
action upon the pulley in winding.
Or by another mode I can form on or attach to the periphery of the pulley a
small bar or bars or portion of a tube crossing the pulley groove, and thus preventing
the escape of the cord.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said George Davis in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 29th April
1879.
GEORGE DAVIS, of Aberystwith, in the County of Cardigan, Iron Merchant.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE FURNITURE FOR ROLLER BLINDS, MAPS, AND OTHER
SIMILAR ARTICLES."
This Invention refers to a simple addition to be made to the mounts or brackets
employed with rollers for blinds, or maps, or other similar articles with the view of
preventing the slipping of the winding cords out of the pulleys.
One mode in which I effect this is by forming the bracket which is attached to
the sash frame or side of the window with one or both its ends turned at right
angles to the plate so as to form an arm or arms projecting over the periphery of the
pulley, and thus confining the cord within the groove without restraining its action
upon the pulley.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Figure 1 is a view of the bracket.
Figure 2 shews a bracket carrying the blind roller.
(a, a,) are the arms formed so as to project over the periphery of the pulley; (b)
confines the cord (c) within the groove of the pulley.
Having thus described the object and nature of the said Invention, and the
manner in which the same is to be performed, I claim, without limiting myself to
these precise details, the improvements in the furniture for roller blinds, maps, and
other similar articles, as herein more fully set forth and specified.
In witness whereof, I, the said George Davis, have hereunto set my hand and
scal, this Twenty-sixth day of April, in the year of our Lord One thousand
eight hundred and seventy-nine.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF RINGS, LINKS, AND OTHER LIKE ARTICLES USUALLY WELDED, AND IN APPARATUS FOR MANUFACTURING THE SAME
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Vernon Hope at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 9th August 1878.
JOHN VERNON HOPE, of Crosby, in the County of Lancaster. "IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE MANUFACTURE OF RINGS, LINKS, AND OTHER LIKE ARTICLES USUALLY
WELDED, AND IN APPARATUS FOR MANUFACTURING THE SAME."
This Invention consists in a mode of and apparatus for manufacturing rings, links,
and the like by machinery, and from tubes already welded instead of welding each
ring separately; it consists,-
1st. In making tubes with the grain of the iron transverse and not longitudinal;
these tubes are of or about the diameter of the rings to be made. I next cut these
tubes in lengths, each length being sufficient to make one ring. There are various
ways of doing this, such as sawing or turning, but I prefer modes in which no waste
occurs; thus, for instance, the tube fed by rollers a given length at a time inter-
mittenly out of a gas or other furnace into an annular nozzle, comes under the action
of one or more shears or blades which shear it off the projecting end close to the
nozzle and mandril; or the tube can be cut cold (or heated) by two or more curved-
edged cutters or shearing blades brought to bear on it simultaneously all round,
somewhat in the manner in which the dies in screw-cutting lathes are brought
uniformly to bear on the bolt, except that instead of a turning it is preferably a
shearing or punching action.
As an alternate method the tube, well supported by a socket and mandril or
either, can be made to rotate under the blows of a reciprocating shear or cutting
tool, thus roughly imitating by machinery the action of a hammer and chisel.
The short lengths of tube being cut off are next placed under a press with a
pointed or rounded mandril which presses them out to the exact annular form, and
also tightly compresses them between dies which mould them into the exact shape
required; the mandril then rises drawing the upper die with it, when the catch in
the lower die can be struck up automatically or by hand, and thus the ring or link
be thrown off completely finished,

page_text: One die, preferably the upper one, can be made to overlap the other and form a
sort of circular shear which will shear off any web that might form. By this
moulding a ring with a section three-eighths of an inch diameter can be moulded
out of a piece of pipe seven-sixteenths long and a quarter inch thick, instead of a
pipe three-eighths thick having to be used.
Rings made in this manner will be found much smoother, handsomer, and I believe
stronger, besides costing less to produce than hand made rings; they can be used for
a variety of purposes, and be made round, oval, or other shapes. In this way
too it may be possible to make half the links of a chain, and merely weld the
connecting links; this application however does not form a necessary part of my
Invention.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MEANS OF AND APPARATUS TO BE EMPLOYED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF RIBBON 'FRINGE' AND 'CHENILLE
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Leedham Binns at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 30th January 1878.
LEEDHAM BINNS, of Oakenshaw Low Moor, in the County of York, Manufacturer.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MEANS OF AND APPARATUS TO BE EMPLOYED IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF RIBBON 'FRINGE' AND 'CHENILLE." "
'
This Invention relates to an improved combination of appliances for and method
of manufacturing chenille and fringe ribbons.
According to this my Invention I arrange the warp threads in series, leaving
space between each series of ends or warp threads, when woven or during the
process of weaving, by means of revolving cutters or by means of shears, cut the
weft threads crosswise or parallel to each series of warp threads, the weft threads'
ends protruding at right angles from the warp threads; the latter and cut weft
threads are then passed to flyers and spindles or other twisting apparatus, the
rotary action of which binds the whole securely, and causing the ends of the cut
weft threads to protrude radially from and around the twisted warp threads. The
operation of twisting may be performed in direct connection with the loom, or the
material, when cut, as described, may be passed to a beam; an underlaying layer of
paper or cloth being passed under the warp and cut weft as wound upon the beam
so as to preserve the whole straight and uniform; or each series of warp thread
and cut weft threads may be wound upon bobbins, to be afterwards twisted; or the
twisting may be effected direct from the beam (the latter being removed from the
loom to the twisting apparatus), or the contents of the beam may be wound upon
bobbins to be afterwards twisted, as described.
The circular cutters work in slots cut or formed in a guide plate so as to ensure
central division of the weft threads, and such guide plate and self-acting temples
are employed for keeping the material "taut" or tight whilst being so cut; the

page_text: circular cutters are arranged upon a shaft to which rotary motion is imparted by
wheels or pulleys.
In some cases I employ a number of shots of weft at intervals of the warp
threads, which weft is cut, and the warp is twisted as alone described, there being
spaces of twisted warp between the radialy weft threads.
IMPROVEMENTS IN OR APPLICABLE TO STEAM SPRAY PRODUCERS FOR SURGICAL AND OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Jonathan Hammond at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 19th March 1878.
JONATHAN HAMMOND, of the City of Manchester. "IMPROVEMENTS IN OR
APPLICABLE TO STEAM SPRAY PRODUCERS FOR SURGICAL AND OTHER PURPOSES."
The first part of this Invention relates to a method of arranging the vessel in
which the steam is produced, so as to direct the spray in any required direction
without necessarily moving or raising or lowering the apparatus as heretofore, and
consists in mounting such vessel upon pivots, or in a ball-and-socket joint in its
supporting frame, whereby the angle at which the spray is required to be thrown
can be adjusted to the greatest nicety.
Secondly. This Invention relates to a novel construction of spreader or nozzle for
the purpose of throwing the spray in the form of a thin sheet, or spreading it over
an extended surface, and consists in constructing such nozzle with a narrow oblong
orifice instead of with a round orifice as hitherto.
Another part of this Invention relates to the construction of an apparatus for
producing one or more sprays, or several sprays simultaneously, and consists in
mounting a tubular ring at the top of the steam vessel, from which branch or radiate
the required number of nozzles, and each of which is controlled by a separate tap,
the steam vessel in this case being preferred to be heated by one or more gas
jets.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF SLEEVE LINKS, SOLITAIRES, AND COLLAR AND OTHER STUDS AND FASTENERS
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Needham at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 20th July 1878.
JOSEPH NEEDHAM, of Wilton Place, Knightsbridge, in the County of Middlesex.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF SLEEVE LINKS, SOLITAIRES, AND COLLAR
AND OTHER STUDS AND FASTENERS."
The Invention has for its object improvements in the construction of sleeve links>
solitaires, and collar and other studs and fasteners. For this purpose I connect the
back to the face of a stud or fastener by a connecting link or pillar, which is hinged,
pin-jointed, or pivotted to the one part and fixed rigidly to the other part, thereby
enabling the one part to be turned to a position parallel or nearly so to the pillar or
connecting link to facilitate its being passed through a button-hole, and then when
in position the face or back of the stud is turned at right angles to the pillar or
connecting link, and is secured in such position by the pillar or connecting link
springing into grooves or recesses formed on the back or face of the stud.
If desired both the back and face of the stud may be hinged, pin-jointed, or
pivotted to the pillar or connecting link, and both secured in position in the manner
aforesaid.
For sleeve links I hinge, pin-joint, or pivot one or both faces to the connecting
link, but instead of causing them to be sprung into their locked position at right
angles to the connecting link, the faces are sprung into position parallel or nearly so
to such connecting link.
I would here remark that the action of the parts may be reversed, and that a
projection on the back or face of the stud, link, or fastener may be caused to spring
into a groove or recess in the pillar or connecting link, or other suitable means may
be employed for securing the parts in their locked position. Or the back or face of

page_text: the stud, sleeve link, or fastener may be formed in two parts, hinged or pin-jointed
together, and in some cases to the pillar or connecting link, so as to enable the two
parts of the back or face to be placed parallel or nearly so to each other to facilitate
insertion thereof into a button-hole, and then when in position such parts are
opened out and secured in such position by spring fastening.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SCHOOL DESKS
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Benjamin Ingham and Daniel
Standring Ingham at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 27th
May 1878.
THOMAS BENJAMIN INGHAM and DANIEL STANDRING INGHAM, both of Soothill,
"IMPROVEMENTS IN SCHOOL DESKS."
5 near Dewsbury, in the County of York.
These improvements consist, firstly, in fixing to the front edge of a school
desk a piece of metal so as to prevent the scholars cutting or otherwise damaging
the edge of such wood desk. This plate may be fixed so as to overlap the edge of
the desk, or may be a flat plate fixed on the top of the front edge, which will also
serve to prevent the books slipping off.
These improvements consist, secondly, in the employment of a catch placed
underneath the desk, which takes into notches formed in the standard or other part
of the desk, so that the desk may be easily set at any angle required.
A NEW OR IMPROVED CONSTRUCTION OF HARROW
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Peter Mitchell at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 19th July 1878.
PETER MITCHELL, of Essendy, Cluuie, in the County of Perth, North Britain.
"A NEW OR IMPROVED CONSTRUCTION OF HARROW."
This Invention has reference to a new or improved general construction or
arrangement of the parts of a harrow for cleaning, weeding, and dressing between
the drills of turnips, potatoes, or other plants or cereals growing in drills, all more
effectually and speedily than has been done by the ploughs, grubbers, or other means
heretofore used.
And the nature and novelty of the Invention consist of a combined duplex
harrow formned,-
First. Of an open rigid frame harrow of a shape to receive the spikes in different
lines, and made flat or curved on the under side to approximately suit the shape of
the surface of the furrow and sides of the drill.
And, Secondly. Of an iron linked chain harrow attached to the back bar of the
first or iron spiked frame harrow, to be drawn by and close behind it, this chain
harrow part being preferably made of square or cornered links (with or without
short catching or grubbing projections or spikes) which would bend and accommodate
themselves to dress and smooth the surface to the same general configuration it was
left in by the frame harrow, and leave the uprooted weeds in the furrow quite clear
of the growing plants in the drills.
Two, three, or more of these new combined duplex harrows would be fitted with
and drawn by one hard wood beam or swingle tree, and set at the proper distance
asunder by drawing studs and chains to suit the widths of the furrows or drills (as,
say, from 26 to 30 inches apart), the beam being attached to the drawing

page_text: chains, ropes, straps, or shafts to which the horses or oxen are yoked for drawing
the harrow, all so that the harrow would lie in the furrow, and the drawing
bar would be quite up clear of the plants growing in the top of the drills.
It is found that one horse can easily draw a harrow of this new construction,
weeding ond dressing three furrows and the sides of three drills at a time.
AN IMPROVED AIR AND WATER-TIGHT JOINT, APPLICABLE TO STEAM ENGINES AND OTHER USES."
Year: 1878

page_text: "
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Vaile at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 30th January 1878.
ROBERT VAILE, of Parliament Street, in the City of Westminster, Engincer.
AN IMPROVED AIR AND WATER-TIGHT JOINT, APPLICABLE TO STEAM ENGINES AND
OTHER USES."
The chief object of this Invention is to provide an efficient joint or packing for
the cylinder ends of the rotary engine for which I obtained Letters Patent bearing
date the 9th day of July 1877, No. 2470. The fixed cylinder of this engine is
made without covers, and the closed ends of the rotary piston together with an
internal flange on the cylinder serve to close the ends of the cylinder.
In order to make the junction of these parts steam-tight, and yet to provide
against any undue lateral pressure of the packing, which would seriously detract
from the efficiency of the engine, I insert between the cylinder and the rotary
piston at each end thereof a conical metallic packing, which I hold in place by
adjustable elastic pressure.
Attached to the opposite ends of the fixed cylinder are rings cast with socket
holes to receive helical springs, which are held in place by screw plugs. These
springs bear upon a ring which is placed against the packing, and by means of the
screw plug the pressure on the ring and consequently end pressure on the packing.
is adjusted.
The further to secure the joint thus closed, I attach to each end of the piston a
rebated ring to receive a second metal packing which is placed between the piston
ring and the socket ring on the cylinder.
By making the inner periphery of this socket ring slightly inclined and the
metalic packing slightly taper, I am enabled by simply tightening up the screws of
the rebated ring to tighten up the joint as may be desired.

page_text: The arrangement above described for maintaining an elastic pressure on the
conical packing, and thereby obtaining an air and water-tight joint which will have
no tendency to lock the moving and fixed parts together, is applicable not only to
rotary engines, but wherever a joint is required to resist internal pressure.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PROTECTION OF IRON AND STEEL SURFACES
Year: 1878

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Frederick Settle Barff, of Kilburn, in the County of
Middlesex, Professor of Chemistry, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE PROTECTION OF IRON AND STEEL SURFACES."
Sealed the 24th January 1879, and dated the 21st October 1878.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Frederick Settle Barff at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 21st October 1878.
FREDERICK SETTLE BARFF, of Kilburn, in the County of Middlesex, Professor of
Chemistry. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PROTECTION OF IRON AND STEEL SURFACES."
This Invention relates to improvements upon the Invention secured to me by
Letters Patont, dated 29th February, 1876, No. 862, and consists in the production
of a protective coating or film of oxide or oxides of iron upon the surface of objects
composed either of iron or steel, by submitting such objects to the action of
superheated steam.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF COLOURED VITREOUS MATERIALS
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Griffith Brower at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 14th June 1878. A communication
from abroad by Augustin Ponsot, of Paris, France.
EDWARD GRIFFITH BREWER, of Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF COLOURED VITREOUS MATERIALS." (A
communication from abroad by Augustin Ponsot, of Paris, France.)
These improvements are applicable to the colouring of glass in vitrifiable colours,
which result is obtained by chromo-lithography or chromo-photography, and the
mode of procedure is substantially as follows:-Gummed and amidon or starched
paper is used, on which by means of vitrifiable colours, according to the ordinary
process used in chromo-lithography, the impressions are produced. Once impressed
they are allowed to dry several days, and the impression is transferred to a sheet of
glass lightly prepared with a mixture composed of essence of Venice turpentine and
resin, the effect of which is to fix the coloured part on the glass, and the firing is
then proceeded with.
To give greater intensity to the colours to another similarly printed sheet a
general tint of grey or white is given, according as the design comprises in its
drawing one or other of these colours; these tints form a ground backing on the
entire surface of the picture, which is transferred afresh on the first result obtained,
care being taken to have the two exactly on one another; the transfer obtained,
backing or firing is proceeded with; but to avoid a second baking, which is laborious
and dangerous, even sometimes to the prejudice of the designs, all the colours com-
posing the picture are printed first; then this impression has a general tint of gray
or white, forming a ground backing on the entire surface, or partially, if desired;
after which on this deposit the complete impression of all the colours is recom-
menced, the result of which is to give the picture a vigour of tone which could only
with difficulty be obtained without this ground backing, and without this second
Pin 9d1

page_text: impression; then the drawing is transferred, and cooking is proceeded with in
ordinary way in a muffler.
It should be understood that the colours are mixed with solvents suitable for.
glass cooking, or baking or firing, without disfiguring or contorting the glass
sheets.
IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM TRAPS
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Waddington Brierley and George
Varley at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 9th January
1878.
WADDINGTON BRIERLEY, Civil Engineer, and GEORGE VARLEY, Brass Finisher,
both of Blackburn, in the County of Lancaster. "IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM
TRAPS."
This Invention relates to an improved construction of steam traps, in which,
according to our Invention, we dispense with the use of valves, and gravity (of
condensed steam) is utilised to overcome pressure of steam.
We employ a casing of rectangular or other form divided by a compartment
containing felt or other non-conductor of heat. The inlet pipe to chamber No. 1 is
bell-mouthed, and is partly enclosed by a deflecting plate or box. The steam from
compartment No. 1 passes, by way of a pipe, to compartment No. 2; this pipe is
provided at its exit with bell mouth and deflecting plate or box, its entrance being
trapped" or immersed in the water of condensation contained in a well of chamber
No. 1. The outlet from chamber No. 2 is by way of a trapped pipe and well, as
described in reference to chamber No. 1.
"
IMPROVEMENTS IN LOCKS, LATCHES, OR SUCH LIKE FASTENINGS
Year: 1878

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Ambrose Hudd Smith, of Clifton, Bristol, in the County
of Gloucester, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN LOCKS, LATCHES,
OR SUCH LIKE FASTENINGS."
ealed the 13th August 1878, and dated the 16th February 187
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Ambrose Hudd Smith at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 16th February 1878.
AMBROSE HUDD SMITH, of Clifton, Bristol, in the County of Gloucester.
PROVEMENTS IN LOCKS, LATCHES, OR SUCH LIKE FASTENINGS."
"IM-
My Invention consists of improvements in locks, latches, and such like fastenings,
whereby the bolt is turned either in the ordinary way, or by simply pulling or
pushing the handle the bolt is withdrawn and the door opened.
In carrying out my Invention I adopt mainly the following arrangements;
taking as an example a door-latch-On to one of the plates of the latch are cast or
formed projections with holes in same; through these holes, which form the bearings,
is inserted a pin or other contrivance, carrying a quadrant-shaped crank so formed
that one part acts upon the bolt of the latch, which is recessed to receive same, and
the other acts on the spindle carrying the handle.
The action is as follows:-When opening the door to which the latch is attached,
by either pressing or pulling the handle (which depends upon the fixing of the
latch) the part of the quadrant acted upon by the spindle or handle is pressed, so
that the other end acting on the bolt throws the same back, and the door opens.
The door can be opened in the ordinary way through the intervention of the
spring by turning the handle, the quadrant lever in this case being thrown out of
gear by the action of turning the handle.

page_text: In using my arrangements I prefer in most cases, so as to make the bolt run
freely, to insert in the staple a roller, against which the bolt runs.
Thus by my Invention the lock or latch can be operated as in the ordinary way
by turning the handle, or by pushing the handle on one side, or pulling the handle
on the other.
DRESS HOLDERS
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Soley at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 8th February 1878.
GEORGE SOLEY, of Monkwell Street, in the City of London.
IN DRESS HOLDERS."
"IMPROVEMENTS
This Invention has for its object improvements in lever clips or holders for
supporting and holding ladies dresses or trains. For this purpose I form a dress
holder of the lever nipper description with a hook or loop near the end of one of
the lever arms, into which the other lever arm can be readily pressed when the
dress is held between the two nipping ends of the holder.
IMPROVEMENTS IN AND CONNECTED WITH COUNTER CHECK. BOOKS OR SLIPS
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Copley at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 19th September 1878.
RICHARD COPLEY, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, Commercial Traveller.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN AND CONNECTED WITH COUNTER CHECK. BOOKS OR SLIPS."
This Invention relates to the application of a gummed label and counterpart to
form an improved counter check book so arranged as in several ways to check the
user thereof.
It consists in a book, preferably of elongated form, interleaved with sheets of
numbered paper to receive the counterpart impressions from carbonic paper in the
ordinary manner. The alternate leaves on which the amounts are written are inade
in the following manner:-They are perforated at the part where they are bound
together. Preferably beyond the centre of the page the entire sheet is perforated
vertically; transverse lines of perforations determine the size of the checks or receipts
where more than one are used in a single page.
We have now several rows of duplicate perforated checks (which are numbered
consecutively) arranged one above the other. On one of the rows of checks is
printed the name, address, or other announcement of the firm, the number of the
check and preferably the number, name, or other distinguishing mark of the salesman.
The reverse side of this entire sheet is coated with gum or similar adhesive material.
The manner of using is as follows:-A sheet of carbonic paper is inserted between
the gummed sheet and the counterpart, the salesman writing the amount on the two
gummed perforated slips.
The carbonic paper transfers the duplicate amounts to the counterpart sheet
below, thus preventing a wrong amount being given to the counterpart sheet below.
The two gummed tickets are torn off, one being wetted and attached to the article
sold or handed to the purchaser, the other being handed to the desk or attached to
a desk sheet or book, or filed on the counter.
By this means 4 impressions of the amount of sale are affected, these to be correct
should all agree, and thus the act of fraudulent marking can be detected.

page_text: In some cases I make the gummed perforated sheets imprinted and may stamp
the address or otherwise at the counter or desk itself by a stamp for the purpose.
The numbered counterpart sheets receiving the impressions from the carbonic
paper can also be printed in a similar manner to the gummed slips.
These gummed labels and counterparts are numbered consecutively, and instead 5
of being bound together can be used in the form of loose sheets.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANU- FACTURE OF TOWELS
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Arthur Jones at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 11th November 1878.
THOMAS ARTHUR JONES, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Salesman
in the employ of "Barlow and Jones, Limited." IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANU-
FACTURE OF TOWELS."
My Invention consists in printing an ornamental border or heading on the end
or ends, and on either one or both sides of towels to supercede the woven borders
or headings hitherto produced by weaving; by this means more elaborate and
ornamental designs can be obtained than was heretofore possible and at much less
cost.
In weaving these improved towels I use a plain loom of the ordinary construction
and without a jacquard or other pattern producing apparatus for weaving the borders
or headings. The body of the towel is woven with terry, huckaback, honey comb,
or other ordinary towelling surface or texture, and the ends and sides or any of
then are left with a twilled or other fine surface on which the pattern is printed by
a block or blocks or otherwise. Similar or different patterns and similar or different
colours can be printed on either back or face, and on the ends or sides of the towels.
My Invention is applicable to every description of towels and bath cloths.
AN IMPROVED COMBINATION OF MATERIALS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF GLASS
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Ernest Laremont Fleming at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 29th August 1878.
ERNEST LAREMONT FLEMING, F.C.S., of Oak Hill Park, Old Swan, near Liverpool,
in the County of Lancaster. "AN IMPROVED COMBINATION OF MATERIALS FOR
THE PRODUCTION OF GLASS."
The object of this Invention is to provide such a combination of materials that
glass manufactured therefrom shall be as colourless, as transparent, and as brilliant
in appearance as the best flint or crystal glass in the market. The cost of produc-
tion shall also be greatly diminished.
In carrying my Invention into practice I employ in combination sand or silica,
carbonate of soda, carbonate of baryta, and borax, in the following proportions, or
thereabouts:-Sand or silica, 17 parts; carbonate of soda, 4 parts;. carbonate of
baryta, 6 parts; borax, 2 parts
Glass manufactured from a mixture of the above-mentioned materials in about
the proportions stated can be produced at a cost little over half that of glass made
from the combinations of materials at present used; and such glass will be equal, if
not superior, in transparency, clearness, and brilliancy to the best fint or crystal
glass in the market, and shall be quite as colourless.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF TABLETS, CAKES, OR BLOCKS OF CAMPHOR
Year: 1878

page_text: "
LETTERS PATENT to William Robert Lake, of the Firm of Haseltine, Lake,
& Co., Patent Agents, Southampton Buildings, London, for the Invention of
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF TABLETS, CAKES, OR BLOCKS OF
CAMPHOR." A communication from abroad by William Foreman Simes, of
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America, Druggist.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION filed by the said William Robert Lake at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 3rd June 1878.
WILLIAM ROBERT LAKE, of the Firm of Haseltine, Lake, & Co., Patent Agents,
Southampton Buildings, London. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF
TABLETS, CAKES, OR BLOCKS OF CAMPHOR." A communication from abroad by
William Foreman Simes, of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America,
Druggist.
This Invention applies equally to crude camphor and to sublimed, distilled, or
otherwise refined camphor, and comprises a process for converting the camphor into
solid blocks, cakes, or tablets by pressure.
In practising the said Invention I place the camphor, whether crude or refined, in.
bags or moulds, and subject them to heavy pressure. I prefer to use for this pur-
pose linen bags and a hydraulic press. The camphor may be cold or warm, but I
prefer it to be cold when under pressure, as there is then a saving of its essential
oil. The camphor is thus compressed into blocks, cakes, or tablets weighing a pound
or fractional part of a pound each, or of any desired size or weight.
The compressed camphor is used for protecting woollens and other substances
from destruction by moths and other insects, and for all medicinal purposes, and for
such uses is superior to the camphor of commerce, because being very compact it
retains longer its essential oil or volatile principle; and it has also these advantages
over the camphor of commerce, namely, it is liable to little if any of the waste
incidental to the handling thereof, and the compression greatly facilitates the dis-
pensation, packing, and shipment of the drug.

page_text: Having thus fully described the said Invention as communicated to me by my
foreign correspondent, and the manner of performing the same, I wish it under-
stood that I claim, the manufacture of tablets, cakes, or blocks of crude, or sublimed,
distilled, or otherwise refined camphor by pressure, with or without heat, in the
manner and by the process above set forth.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Robert Lake, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Third day of June, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and seventy-eight.
W. ROB. LAKE.
(L.S.)
IMPROVEMENTS IN MAKING OF IRON AND STEEL ANGLE RINGS FOR BOILER SHELLS AND FLUES
Year: 1878

page_text: THE
LETTERS PATENT to John Furness, of Huddersfield, in the County of York,
Manager of Boiler Works, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MAKING OF IRON AND STEEL ANGLE RINGS FOR BOILER SHELLS AND
FLUES."
Sealed the 14th May 1878, and dated the 23rd February 1878.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Furness at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 23rd February 1878.
15
JOHN FURNESS, of Huddersfield, in the County of York, Manager of Boiler
Works. IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MAKING OF IRON AND STEEL ANGLE RINGS
FOR BOILER SHELLS AND FLUES."
The object of my Invention is to produce a ring without weld and without
joint, the section of which is commonly known as angle iron; this ring can be made
of iron or steel, and is for the purpose of securing the shells and furnace tubes of
boilers to the end plates.
I accomplish this in the following manner: -I take either a slab of iron or of
steel bloom, and manipulate the same whilst heated into a circular plate. I then
make a hole through the centre of the plate, and expand the same to such a diameter
that the plate will pass on to the rollers of a tyre rolling mill, and is thereby worked
out, and expanded to the diameter and section required.
AN IMPROVED METHOD OF WATERPROOFING CLOTH OR OTHER SUITABLE TEXTILE FABRICS OR MATERIALS
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Emile Vandercolmo Dickson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 26th July 1878.
EMILE VANDERCOLME DICKSON, of Condekerque-Branche, les Dunkerque, Departe-
ment du Nord, in the Republic of France, Gentleman.. "AN IMPROVED METHOD
OF WATERPROOFING CLOTH OR OTHER SUITABLE TEXTILE FABRICS OR MATERIALS."
By the ordinary method of waterproofing, and especially in the manufacture of
tarpaulins, sheets, and other similar articles intended to serve as covering for
goods, treated by means of oils or other analogous produce in a heated condition,
mixed with suitable oxydising produce, and dried by exposure to the atmosphere,
or otherwise, in contradistinction to which by my Invention I employ an entirely
different process, whereby I treat the material to be waterproofed or vulcanised by
what I term the "cold process." By this method the process of manufacturing
consists of a special way of employing india-rubber, more especially in the vulcanisa-
tion, which while rendering the produce soft and resisting dries it very speedily
and completely, which I effect by means of the re-action of the bisulphuret of
carbon and of the chloride of sulphur on the india-rubber. The material thus pre-
pared will be found incapable of adhering together, cracking, or sticking to other
material or goods that may be in contact therewith irrespective of the highest or
lowest state of the temperature, and is much more pliable, less heavy, and capable
of being produced at lower cost than the average of similar materials now in use,
more durable, and perfectly impervious to damp or moisture.
A COMBINED HAT TREE AND TRAVELLING HAT BOX
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edgar Edmonds at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 20th February 1878. (A communication
from William Arthur, of Portsmouth.)
EDGAR EDMONDS, of the Firm of Robertson, Brooman, and Company, of 166, Fleet
Street, in the City of London, Patent Agents. "A COMBINED HAT TREE AND
TRAVELLING HAT BOX." [A communication from William Arthur, of Ports-
mouth.]
The object of this Invention is to stretch and keep a hat in the shape of the
head, and support it in a hat box in such a manner that the exterior of the hat
when on the tree or stretcher shall not touch the box in any part; and also by the
form and material of the tree or stretcher to make it available for carrying sponges
or any other articles. For this purpose I take an ordinary leather hat box,
or a hat box of any other suitable form or material, and in it I suspend a tree or
stretcher made of suitable material, and of such shape as required to fit the head of
the wearer of the hat, and with a slight bevil, the cavity being available for carrying
sponges or other articles.
The remaining space would be made into a separate compartiment with suitable
openings carrying other articles, and so arranged that in the event of the hat
slipping off the tree (which would be rendered improbable by covering the tree
with velvet or some other material), the hat would still remain suspended as in
ordinary hat boxes.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR HARVESTING AGRICULTURAL PRODUCE
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alfred John Tuckey at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 7th October 1878.
ALFRED JOHN TUCKEY, of No. 10, Bryant Place, Strood, in the County of Kent,
Ironmonger. "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR HARVESTING AGRICULTURAL
PRODUCE."
A machine mounted upon wheels to be drawn by horses or other motive power.
An internal gear ring fixed to one of the main wheels will give motion to a clutch
pinion working upon a horizontal spindle or shaft, a bevil wheel will be fixed to
the other end of this shaft, by which motion will be given by means of a bevil
pinion to another shaft running in an oblique direction, on the end of which a
crank plate will be fixed giving direct motion to a knife or cutter bar by means of
a connecting rod.
Another clutch pinion working in the same internal gear will by means of an
endless chain band give continuous motion to a reel revolving immediately over the
cutter bar and occasional motion to two other endless bands, one of which will act
as an elevator the other as a cross motion to give side delivery.
The cut grain will fall direct upon the elevator standing still and in a slanting
position; when a sheaf is gathered it will be carried up by the elevator and delivered
upon the cross motion band which will at once carry it to a platform at which a
man will be seated who will bind it by any means that may be convenient to him
and deliver it from the machine. .
This machine will be so constructed that when the elevator is not required it
may easily be taken off, the cut crop will then fall over the knife bar, and the
addition of a suitable tail board to clear a track for the horses will leave a regular
and convenient swathe.
$
IMPROVEMENTS IN SPRING BRACELETS, SCARF SLIDES, AND OTHER RINGS
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alfred Burgess at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 25th September 1878.
ALFRED BURGESS, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Jeweller.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN SPRING BRACELETS, SCARF SLIDES, AND OTHER RINGS."
This Invention consists in applying to bracelets, scarf slides, and other rings a
spring arrangement by which the parts of which such bracelets or rings are forined
are opened and thrown back on releasing the fastening catch.
This I effect by introducing at the joint or hinge connecting the parts of the
bracelet or ring a flat steel or other spring having a tendency to keep the parts
open; the act of closing the parts together into an armlet compresses this spring, and
by an ordinary catch or snap at the opening part the bracelet or ring is kept closed.
A small stud upon the snap is provided so that by the pressure of the thumb nail
upon this stud or upon the head of the snap the snap is released from its corre-
sponding catch on the opposite part of the bracelet or ring when the action of the
joint spring throws open the parts.
IMPROVED MEANS OF AND APPARATUS FOR AERIAL NAVIGATION
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Atkin at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 8th March 1878.
ROBERT ATKIN, of 482, King's Road, Chelsea, in the County of Middlesex, Master
Mariner. "IMPROVED MEANS OF AND APPARATUS FOR AERIAL NAVIGATION."
This Invention relates to improved means of and apparatus for aorial navigation,
and consists in constructing a vessel, either of thin metal, or if preferred, with a
framework of thin metal, cane, wood, or other suitable material covered with
canvas, silk, or other textile material, so as to form a kind of ship capable of
being propelled in the air by means of propeller blades driven by a gas engine,
electric motor, or other suitable driving power.
The shaft carrying the propeller blades may be placed either above, below, or
through the centre of the aerial vessel, or if preferred, transversely; or it may be
placed in a car attached to the vessel to be navigated.
The shaft may be composed of a hollow tube, through which steam inay be caused
to circulate when the vessel is to be used in cold regions, so as to prevent the deposit
of snow or ice and a consequent increase in the weight of the vessel.
Similar hollow tubes may be placed on the outside of the vessel for the same
purpose.
The vessel is steered by means of rudders, which can be worked from within the
vessel, or on the deck of same if preferred.
In the case of a car being attached to the vessel the rudder may be worked
from within the car by steering ropes leading into the car through pullies.
Horizontal rudders may also be used for the purpose of causing the vessel to
ascend or descend as required, and may be worked either from the vessel or from
the car as in the case of the steering rudders.
A suitable receptacle is provided on each side of the vessel in order to contain
either ordinary coal or other gas to work the machine, imparting motion to the
propeller shaft; or in the case when a car is employed the gas container may be
placed beneath the car.
The vessel is capable of being transported either by land or water.