CERTAIN IMPROVEMENT IN MACHINERY TO BE USED IN MAKING CANDLESTICK PANS AND VARIOUS OTHER ARTICLES WHICH ARE USUALLY PRODUCED, WHOLLY OR IN PART, BY MEANS OF THE PROCESS CALLED STAMPING; AND ALSO IN MACHINERY FOR MAKING SOCKETS OR TUBES FOR CANDLESTICKS, AND TUBES OR TUBULAR ARTICLES APPLICABLE TO VARIOUS OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1846

page_text: THES
SHAL
COME, 1, ILLIAM
CHURCH, of Birmingham, Civil Engineer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her present most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Royal Letters Patent, under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date at
Westminster, the Fifth day of May, in the ninth year of Her reign, did, for
Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said William
Church, Her especial licence, full power, sole privilege and authority, that I,
the said William Church, my executors, administrators, and assigns, and such
others as I, the said William Church, my executors, administrators, or assigns,
should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time, and at all
times during the term of years therein mentioned, should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise, and vend, within England, Wales, and the Town of
Berwick-upon-Tweed, my Invention of "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENT IN MACHINERY
TO BE USED IN MAKING CANDLESTICK PANS AND VARIOUS OTHER ARTICLES WHICH ARE
USUALLY PRODUCED, WHOLLY OR IN PART, BY MEANS OF THE PROCESS CALLED STAMPING;
AND ALSO IN MACHINERY FOR MAKING SOCKETS OR TUBES FOR CANDLESTICKS, AND
TUBES OR TUBULAR ARTICLES APPLICABLE TO VARIOUS OTHER PURPOSES;" in which said
Letters Patent is contained a proviso obliging me, the said William Church, by
an instrument in writing under my hand and seal, particularly to describe and
ascertain the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to
be performed, and to cause the same to be enrolled in Her Majesty's High Court
of Chancery within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of
the said in part recited Letters Patent, as in and by the same, reference being
had thereunto, will more fully and at large appear.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, 1, the said
William Church, do hereby declare that the nature of my said Invention, and the
manner in which the same is to be performed, is particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following description thereof, reference being had to
the Drawings hereunto annexed, and to the letters and figures marked thereon
(that is to say):-
These Improvements in Machinery to be used in Making Candlesticks Pans
and various. other Articles which are usually produced, wholly or in part, by
means of the Process called Stamping; and also in Machinery for Making
Sockets or Tubes for Candlesticks, and Tubes or Tubular Articles applicable to
various other Purposes, "consist" in the constructions and arrangements of
machinery herein-after described. The first head of these improvements
applies to peculiar constructions or arrangements of stamping machinery
suited to the formation of a variety of articles of the dish or shallow pan
kind, too numerous to be particularly described, such, for instance, as the
dishes or pans for candlsticks, and also dishes, pans, or shallow vessels
to be made from metal for a great variety of other uses, and which said
improved machinery is likewise applicable to the beating of bars, plates, or
pieces of metal for welding, embossing, medalling, flattening, straightening, and
otherwise forming metal into shapes, for an innumerable variety of useful
purposes.
up
The second head of these improvements applies to certain constructions or
arrangements of machinery by means of which I am enabled to bend and
connect the edges of plate metal so as to produce a variety of tubular forms
suited for the making of sockets for candlesticks and other tubes and tubular
articles of different kinds, either cylindrical, conical, or of other shapes,
applicable to many useful purposes.
In the accompanying Drawings, Figure 1 represents a front elevation of one
of my improved stamping machines; Figure 2 is a vertical section of the
same taken on the right-hand side of the preceding Figure, one of the standards
being removed; Figure 3 represents in elevation the back of the machine:
and Figure 4 is an elevation of the left-hand sideof the first Figure. An
horizontal section of the machine, shewing the top of the hammer, and its
connection with the side standards, is represented at Figure 5; and at Figure 6
is shewn a top or horizontal view of the machine, the framing and guide rod
being in section. In these several Figures the similar letters of reference
indicate the same parts of the machine. A is an anvil block firmly fixed upon
the ground, upon which are erected the vertical standards B, B, braced together
at top by a cap piece C. From these standards the brackets D, D, extend on

page_text: each side for the purpose of carrying the horizontal shafts E and F; and I
sometimes find it desirable to strengthen this framework by a column G
placed at the back. The anvil a being fixed upon its block, the hammer H is
mounted in standards, so as to slide up and down, guided by the V formed ribs
at the inner sides of the standards. Upon the main driving shaft E a pulley
I is mounted loosely, the outer edges of which at c, c, form barrels for the
chains d, d, to lap round, the lower ends of the chains being attached to the
hammer H, and by the rotary motion of which pulley the hammer is raised.
Driving power is communicated to the main shaft E by a band from any first
mover passed round the rigger J, or by any other convenient means. A ratchet K
is firmly attached to the shaft E, and consequently revolves with it. From the
side of the loose pulley I a bracket arm L extends, which carries a tumbling pall
e, e, intended to take into the teeth of the ratchet wheel K. From the palle extends
a small armf, having at its outer end a weight, which, being thrown over, causes the
pall to fall into the teeth of the ratchet. Now it will be apparent that, when the
pall has dropped into the teeth of the ratchet, that the loose pulley will be
locked to the main driving shaft, and that they will continue to revolve together
until the pall is released from the ratchet. The ratchet wheel and loose pulley
being now locked to the main shaft, the rotation of the pulley will cause the
hammer to be drawn up to the required height, which is determined by the
position of an arm M. This arm is attached to a pulley N, that turns loosely
upon the main shaft E, and is held in its position by an endless
rope g, g, , attached
to and coiled round the pulley N at top, and round a similar pulley hat
bottom. The tail of the pall e, as the pulley I and the pall revolves, coming
in contact with and passing under the little roller i at the end of the arm M, lifts
the pall out of the ratchet, and by thus disengaging the connection of the pulley
with the driving shaft allows the hammer to fall, dragging the pulley round with
it until the downward progress of the hammer is suddenly arrested by coming
in contact with the substance upon the anvil a upon which it is intended to act.
This sudden stoppage of the rotation of the pulley causes the momentum of the
weighted arm f to overcome the holding spring z, and to throw the pall again
into the teeth of the ratchet ready for the next raising of the hammer. For
the purpose of determining the distance which the hammer shall rise and fall
the arm M must be moved to a certain position, which is done by turning a
small winch k upon the axle of the pulley h, for the purpose of moving the
pulley N and its arm M to any required position; and, in order to hold the
arm M firmly, a little palli is allowed to take into the teeth of a ratchet affixed
to the side of the wheel h. I have thus far omitted to describe other means
which I propose to employ in certain cases for working the hammer H, either

page_text: an conjunction with or independent of the chains g, g. A rod P, securely
attached to the top of the hammer h, passes up between the grooved pulleys I
and Q, the latter of which is fixed upon the shaft F. These two pulleys I and
Q, being grooved firmly, embrace the rod P, and, being coupled together by
toothed wheels, they are made to move round by the means before described,
and drawing up the hammer by the rod N to the required height, when the
pall being lifted out of the ratchet wheel L, the hammer H is allowed to fall,
and the blow given and repeated as already described. In order to give the
operator complete controul over the hammer H, the lever R is placed in the
framework, moveable on its fulcrum pin m, which lever, being drawn down by
the spring n, presses firmly against the rod P, and prevents, by friction, the
hammer from falling (though the pall may have been lifted out of the ratchet
wheel K); thus the stroke of the hammer is thereby suspended during his
pleasure; but when the foot of the operator is applied to and the pedal s is
depressed, it draws down the outer end of the lever R by means of the small
rod p, thereby withdrawing the pressure from the rod P, and leaving the
hammer H at liberty to fall. Thus the strokes of the hammer may be
rapidly repeated or withheld during any length of time, as the circumstances
may require. In cases where the machine is used to produce fine im-
pressions it is highly important that some means be employed for preventing
a secondary or reiterated stroke, occasioned by the rebound of the hammer,
which would be liable to mar the work. To effect this object I place a spring q
on the top of the cross head C, through which the rod P passes, as well as through
the spring 7, and, when the hammer falls, a shoulder r, fixed on the rod P
near its upper end, comes in contact with and rests upon the spring q, which
is so adjusted in point of strength as to be equal to supporting the weight of
the hammer without materially affecting the force of the blow.
For light stamping, such as buttons, military ornaments, escutcheons, and
other light articles, I propose to employ a somewhat simplified modification of
the machine already described, which modification is represented by Figures 7,
8, and 9, the difference consisting principally in the means employed for working
the pall, that is, throwing it into and out of gear with the ratchet wheel K.
The hammer H being drawn up by the means before described, that is, the
pall being geared with the ratchet wheel K (which constantly revolves in the
direction of the arrow), a shoulder s on the pall comes in contact with the
stud t fixed in the wheel S, and lifts the head of the pall out of gear, and thus
leaves the hammer at liberty to fall. Near the top of the rod P is fixed an
arm U, and into the outer end of the arm is screwed a small rod V. On the
descent of the hammer the rod V strikes upon the lever W, the pall having

page_text: (by the fall of the hammer, and consequently the rotary motion of the pulley F
with its arm g,) arrived at nearly the position shewn in Figure 8, the lever W,
falling upon a should u of the pall, overcomes the resistance of the spring r
(which is used mostly for holding the pall either in or out of gear, as the case
may require). Thus the pall is thrown again into the ratchet, and the blow
repeated. X is a stirrup for working the hammer by the foot, if required.
Figure 10 is an elevation of a stamping machine, to which a small steam
engine is appended for the purpose of actuating the stamper. A, A, is the frame;
B, the bed die; C, the upper die; and D, the die bolt moving vertically in the
guides E. To the upper end of the die bolt is attached a pair of jointed levers,
F, F, and G is a rod connected with the centre of these levers, which rod is
united by a joint to the piston rod H of the steam engine, the cylinder I of
which is supported on a lateral bracket affixed to the frame of the engine.
Figure 11 is a top view of the stamping machine, in which K is a weighted
lever for lifting the die bolt. This combination of machinery is particularly
suited for stamping medals, coins, and other surfaces where great force is.
required to produce relief devices.
Figure 12 is a plan or horizontal view of a machine for flattening or
straightening bars and rods of metal, and Figure 18 is a vertical section of the
same. This machine, which is an extended arrangement of the preceding
construction, may be usefully employed for straightening and flattening the
rails for railways as well as other similar uses. A, A, is a frame; B, B, is a
horizontal bar sliding vertically, which is acted upon by a series of jointed
levers, C, similar to those shown at F in Figure 10, which, being drawn by
the rod D connected to the piston rod of a steam engine, forces the bar B
downwards, with the die 6 upon the upper surface of the rail or bar a, or other
piece of metal resting upon the stationary die c, the rail or bar being placed in
that situation for the purpose of being straightened. On the side of the rail
a there is also a stationary die d, fixed in the frame to resist the lateral
pressure to be exerted against it by the force of the sliding lateral die e, which
die is moved by the lateral bar E, forced inwards by the series of jointed levers
F, F, connected by a rod G, as before described, to the piston of a steam engine.
It will hence be perceived that by the inward pressure of the series of jointed
levers exerted against the two bars B and E, with their dies b and e successively
acting upon the rail or other matters placed at a, the rail will necessarily
by the strokes of the dies be brought into a right line, and when the steam
pressure is withdrawn the bars B and E, with their dies, will be made to recede
from the rail under operation by the powerful springs I, I, and J, J, placed on
the outward sides of the frame. It will of course be understood that the

page_text: forms of the dies employed, as b, c, d, and e, must on their faces be made to suit
the surfaces of the articles placed under operation at a, and that they must
therefore be changed for every different form of bar or other article intended
to be flattened and straightened in the machine.
I will now describe the second head of my Invention, consisting of certain
novel constructions or arrangements of machinery applicable to bending up
plate metal for the formation and manufacture of tubes or tubular articles of
various kinds, for a variety of useful. purposes; and, firstly, I will describe the
mode of making simple tubes, such as will be suited for the sockets of candlesticks
and a few other articles which will readily suggest themselves to manufacturers in
similar branches of business. In the accompanying Drawings, Figure 14 repre-
sents a horizontal view of a pressing machine constructed upon the principles last
described, that is, in which the pressing force is exerted by the act of straight-
ening jointed levers. A, A, A, is the frame upon the back of which a bracket B
is fixed, carrying the fulcrum pin of a beam or lever C, C, to the ends of which
rods D, D, are attached, that are connected with the central bars of the two
series of jointed levers E, E, and F, F. To the end of the bar of the jointed
levers F, F, a lever G is attached, to which the power is to be applied
for working the jointed levers in the way described before. Figure 15 is a
front view of this machine. A cylindrical mandril H is placed in the machine
between two dies I and J, that slide horizontally in grooves in the frame, and
are moved by the sliding bars K and L (to which they are firmly attached) by
the operations of the jointed levers as before described. The end view of
these dies and the mandril between them is shewn at Figure 16, and in which
it will be seen that there is a stationary die M placed in the frame below. In
Figure 16 a strip of metal a, a, is shewn between the mandril H and the
stationary die M, which is introduced into the machine through the opening
b, b, of the frame seen in Figure 15. It may be desirable sometimes to turn
up the edges of the strip of metal as shewn at a, a. The strip of metal a, a,
being so situated, power is applied to the lever G, which, by bringing the
series of the jointed levers E and F nearly into straight lines, projects the bars
K and L, with their dies I and J, inward, and causes the strip of metal a, a,
to be turned up into the cylindrical form shewn in the enlarged Figure 17.
I may here observe, that for merely bending or turning up the strip of metal
into a cylindrical form I do not always find it necessary to use a mandril, as
the dies employed in the way described will by themselves effect the object by
the agency of this machinery. When it is required to form the tube with
what is called a lapped joint, then I employ a mandril, as shewn at H in
Figure 18, and shape the dies I and J accordingly.

page_text: Figure 19 represents upon an enlarged scale these dies and mandril in sec-
tion, and Figure 20 the same, in which the strip of metal is shewn turned up
to its figure. After the metal has been turned up as before described the dies
are separated by means of the weighted cords attached to the sliding bars K
and L, to which the dies are fixed. Another modification of this machinery
designed for welding or uniting the edges of iron tubes is shewn in an end
elevation at Figure 21, a vertical section of the same being represented at
Figure 22, and side elevation at Figure 23. I take the tubes turned up or
formed with a lap joint by the last-described engine, and, having heated them
to a welding condition in a furnace placed immediately in front of the machine,
I introduce the tubes severally from the furnace immediately on to the pointed
end of the mandril a, and push them forward between the dies b, c, and d,
shewn in Figure 22, the lapped edge of each tube being upwards, so that they
may be acted upon by the descent of the die b. When the heated tube is
thus situated between the dies, I first throw on the power of the steam engine
A, Figures 21 and 23, by which, in the manner before described, the horizontal
series of jointed levers B, B, will be made to force the sliding die d laterally
against the tube upon the mandril, by which it becomes firmly held against the
stationary dic C. Immediately upon this taking place I throw on the power
of the steam engine C, which, acting upon the vertical jointed levers E, E, in
the way before described, bring down the die 6 upon the lapped edges of the
heated tube, and effects the welding of the edges perfectly together.
Figure 24 represents in various positions the dies, the sliding bars, and the
mandril, in detached views. And I may here remark, that I do not intend to
confine my machinery to the formation of cylindrical tubes, as conical and
other formed tubes may be made by similar means, by suiting the shapes of the
dies and the mandril to the required figure. For instance, supposing I
desire to make a tube so shaped that it might be employed as a hollow
rail for a railway, I should then, in the first place, employ dies formed as repre-
sented in section at Figure 25, A being the stationary block die, B, the upper
or descending die, C and D, the lateral dies, and E, the transverse section of a
bar or plate of iron, which I should prefer to have previously rolled into the
form shewn in this section. The dies, mounted in a machine suitably constructed
on the principles last described, are to be thrown open, and the plate or bar of
iron, in a heated state, introduced endways, as shewn in Figure 25, resting upon
the bedblock die A; the die B is then brought down with force, which will
depress the central part of the plate into the recess or groove in the block die,
and thereby bend up the sides of the plate into the form shewn in Figure 26.
Immediately after this the lateral dies C and D are forced inward by the power

page_text: of the engine, which will cause the bar or plate to be pressed into the form
shewn at Figure 27. The bar, having been thus shaped, is then withdrawn from
this machine, and, after being reheated to a welding condition, is then introduced
into a similar machine, having other formed dies as shewn at Figure 28, resting
upon a bed die A as before. A suitable mandril F of steel, rather longer than
the plate or bar E, E, under operation, having been suspended in the machine
between the dies by slings G, G, as shewn in this Figure, is then let down, until
the lower edge bears upon the central part of the bent plate E. The lateral
dies E and I are then forced inward as before, which will further bend up the
bar into the form shewn at Figure 29. It will now be seen that the outer
edges of the plate E, E, have by the last operation been brought into contact,
when the upper die K, K, is suddenly forced down, as represented in Figure 30,
by which the two edges of the plate E, E, are welded securely together.
Figure 31 represents a horizontal view of a machine in which the dies are
mounted, by which the operations described under Figures 22, 26, and 27 are
performed.
Figure 32 is a front elevation of the same machine. The mouth or open end
is seen in this last-mentioned Figure, at which the plate or bar of iron E is
introduced, and the positions of the dies and the plate or bar of iron under
operation are represented. The construction of this machine being precisely
the same in principle with those already described, it will be only necessary to
say, that, power being applied to straiten the bent levers as before mentioned,
the dies will be brought to operate upon the bar or plate of iron E in the
manner already explained.
Figure 33 is a horizontal view of the same machine as the last men-
tioned, but furnished wish finishing dies H, I, and K, as shewn in Figures
28, 29, and 30, in which the operation upon the bar or plate of iron
described under Figures 28, 29, and 30 is to be performed; and Figure 34 is a
vertical section taken transversely through the machine, shewing the bar E
bent up into the form of a tube suitable for a rail to conduct railway carriages.
Figure 85 is a partial section taken longitudinally through the machine
represented at Figure 33, in which the mandril F is shewn suspended as
described in reference to Figure 28. In Figure 33 the steam engines are
shewn attached to the framing, by which the power is to be obtained and com-
municated to the jointed levers, the engines in Figure 31 having been omitted,
to simplify the drawing. It is necessary to state, that in carrying on the ope-
ration of making a welded tube in the way described the moment that the
welded operation has been effected the mandril must be drawn out of the tube,
or otherwise, by the cooling and shrinking of the metal, the mandril will become

page_text: so tightly bound as to be afterwards immoveable. I therefore attach a hook
at the end of a chain z, shewn in Figure 34, to the eye of the mandril seen at
z in Figure 35, and the instant that the welding of the tube is effected a small
stud a, on the side of the piston rod of the engine (Figure 33), strikes a lever
y, which, by means of a rod w, throws the clutch X on the shaft W into gear
with the barrel V, whereon the chain winds, by which means the mandril is
immediately drawn out. The same contrivance is applied to withdraw the
mandril from the welded tube described in reference to Figure 23. The
machinery which I employ for producing another kind of tubular articles, for
instance, copper caps for firing guns, is shewn in the following Figures of the
Drawings. Figures 36, 37, and 38 represent different views of my improved
machinery for manufacturing percussion caps. Figure 36 is a side elevation
of the machine; Figure 37, a plan or top view as seen from above; and
Figure 38 is an elevation of one end of the machine. The other Figures on
the same Sheet represent different views of some of the parts detached, and
will be hereafter more particularly referred to. A moveable table a, a, a, a, is
mounted on guides or rails b, b, b, b, and has a reciprocating or backward and
forward motion communicated to it in the manner and for the purpose here-
after described, and the plate of metal of which the percussion caps are to be
formed are prepared of a suitable thickness, and is placed upon and properly
secured to a moveable or sliding frame or carriage c, c, c, c, which rests
upon the moveable table a, a, before mentioned, but is made to move in
a lateral direction, or at right angles to that in which the table a moves.
A stationary die d, seen by dots in Figure 36, and upon an enlarged scale
or full size at Figure 39, is firmly secured to the fixed framing of the
machine, and projects up through a longitudinal aperture made in the move-
able table a, in such a manner that the face of the die is flush or level with the
surface of the sliding frame or carriage, so that when the metal plate of which
the percussion caps are to be made is placed in the machine it may lie flat
upon the die and sliding frame or carriage before mentioned. Two spring
clips 8, 8, are made to hold the sheet of metal firmly while under operation,
and the jaws of these clips are opened by a sliding bar 9, which passes through
them, and by means of two inclines or wedges on the surface of this bar the
edges of the clips are raised up sufficiently to admit of the edge of the sheet of
metal being placed thereunder, where it will be firmly held when the wedges
or inclines of the bar 9 are withdrawn. A punch e, e, shewn also upon an
enlarged scale or full size at Figure 40, is mounted vertically in a socket
immediately above the die (as seen best in Figure 36), and is worked by the
cams or excentrics fand 9 on the main or driving shaft of the machine. This

page_text: shaft also carries another cam or exentric h, which acts against the upper end
of a rod or lever i, i, seen best in the detached sectional view, Figure 41, and
This table a
thereby actuates the moveable table a in the following manner.
:
is furnished with a double ratchet wheel j. j, in which one set of teeth is
inclined in the opposite direction to the other set, as seen in Figure 38. Two
palls or clicks, 1 and 2, are attached to the lower end of a small vibrating
lever k, seen by dots in Figure 38, and are made to act alternately, that is each
pall is made to take into the teeth of its corresponding rack for a certain
number of revolutions of the main shaft, and thereby drive the rack forward a
certain distance, after which it will be thrown out of gear, and the other pall
will be allowed to fall into the teeth of the other set, and drive the rack in the
opposite direction. The small lever k is mounted at one end of the short
shaft 7, which carries at its opposite end a rocking lever m. This lever is fur-
nished at each end with pins or studs, 3 and 4, (as seen best in Figure 41,) one
of which is always acted upon by one of the horizontal forks of the rod or
lever i, the lower end of which is jointed to a horizontal rod n, which has a slot
at its opposite extremity; for the purpose of receiving a pin or stud fixed to the
weighted, tumbling, or vibrating lever o. Now, supposing the machine to be
ready for operation, and the metal plate of which the caps are to be made
properly secured on the framing c, c, of the table a, by means of the
clips 8, 8, the action of the machine will be as follows:-Upon the main shaft
being set in motion the cam or excentric f will be made to depress the
cutting punch e, which, by descending against and coming in contact
with the sheet of metal, will press out of it a blank of the form shewn by
dots in Figure 42, which will by this operation be forced into the die, then upon
the cam or excentric g. On the main shaft coming round, it will force down
the inner or small punch p, which passes through the cutting punch, as seen in
Figure 40, and, by forcing the blank through the small circular hole 5 at the
bottom of the die (see Figure 39), the sides of the blank will be bent up into
the required form, and the cap finished, and delivered from the machine by
falling through the hole 6 in the bed plate. One cap having thus been formed,
it will be necessary to move forward the sheet of metal so as to bring a fresh
portion under the punch. This is effected by means of the excentric h, which, by
depressing the lever i, will, by means of one of the forks belonging to this
latter, depress one end of the lever m, and thereby cause the shaft / to rock or
move on its axis, and carry with it the small vibrating lever k, and one of the
palls or clicks belonging to this latter will thereby be made to push forward the
table a on which the sheet of metal is secured. This is a rectilinear motion,
and will continue until the whole length of the sheet of metal has passed under

page_text: the punch, when it will be necessary to shift the sheet laterally the width of
one blank before allowing it to move back again in the contrary direction.
This is effected by means of a little apparatus connected to the sliding frame
or carriage c, c, of the moveable table a, which apparatus is acted upon (every
time the sheet of metal has arrived at the end of its course) by the adjustable
studs or screws q, q, connected to the stationary framework. A ratchet rack
r, r, is attached to one side of the sliding frame or carriage c, c, which carries
the metal sheet, and is actuated by a pall or click S, (see Figure 37,) attached
to a small horizontal lever mounted on the upper end of a short spindle or
shaft t, which carries at its lower end a small double lever or arm u, u. It will
now be seen that as the table a, a, is moved forward in the manner before
explained one of the ends of this lever or arm u will be brought against one
of the adjustable pins, screws, or studs q, q, and will thereby be forced back
into the position shewn by dots in Figure 37. By this means the shaft or
spindle will be moved round, and the click forced forward, which will
thereby actuate the rack r, and move the sheet of metal laterally the required
distance; and when the lever or arm u is relieved from the action of the
studs q, q, a small spring, which is applied to the click s, will bring this latter
and all its appendages into the proper position for acting a second time against
the teeth of the ratchet rack. Whilst the sheet of metal is being thus shifted
laterally the forward progress of the table is arrested, and the backward or
retrograde motion is commenced by throwing out of gear the pall or click
that has hitherto been driving forward the rack j of the table a, and allowing
the other click to fall into gear. The palls or clicks are lifted in or out of gear
by a small rocking plate v, immediately below them, and mounted at the end
of a short spindle x, which is supported on bearings below the shaft l, and
carries at its opposite end a forked piece or tumbler w, which is worked
by a projecting piece or stud Z, on the arm ', which is jointed to the lower
end of the weighted tumbling lever o'. The inner ends of the moveable table
a, a, carry two adjustable studs or screws q+, q+, similar to the screws 9, 9,
already described; and as to the table a is moved forwards by means of the
clicks acting against the ratchet rack j, j, one of these adjustable studs or
screws is brought against one or other of the sides of the projecting piece z,
and by forcing it back it comes against one of the legs of the fork or tumbler
w, and will carry it with it, and by causing the shaft or spindle x to turn on
its centre the rocking plate is made to lift up the click that has hitherto
been actuating the rack, and will allow the other click or pall to descend and
come into work, when the table and sheet of metal will immediately begin to
move back in the opposite direction, the required lateral shifting of the sheet

page_text: of metal having also taken place as already described. It should be observed
that the screws or studs q, q, and q+ q*, are made adjustable, in order that
they may be set to a great nicety, so that immediately that the table has
travelled the required distance it may begin to return over a new surface.
I would remark, that as many of the motions of this machine are performed
by cams or excentrics, the punches e and p, the lever i, and other parts, which
are actuated in this manner, are brought back into a quiescent position by
means of springs suitably applied for this purpose. When flanged or military
caps are required, the form of the inner punch is somewhat different to that
shewn; and, as the flanges will prevent the caps from passing through the die
conveniently, I force the caps upwards out of the die by means of the pin 10,
mounted at one end of the lever 11, which is jointed at its opposite end to a
vertical rod, which is acted upon by a cam 12, on the main or driving shaft
above. Sometimes, in place of causing the punches to act downwards, I prefer
to make them act upwards, and force the caps up through the stationary die,
from which they are delivered through a hole on to a scoop.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Church, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Fifth day of November, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight lundred and forty-six
Inrolled the same Fifth day of November, in the year above written.