AN IMPROVED METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR MOULDING WHEELS
Year: 1865

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Luke Martin, of Blackburn, in the County of
Lancaster, Engineer and Millwright, for the Invention of "AN IMPROVED
METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR MOULDING WHEELS."
Sealed the 21st November 1865, and dated the 30th May 1865.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Luke Martin at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 30th
May 1865.
I, LUKE MARTIN, of Blackburn, in the County of Lancaster, Engineer
and Millwright, do béréby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN
IMPROVED METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR MOULDING WHEELS," to be as-
follows:--
This Invention consists of an apparatus so arranged as to make wheel:
moulds of any diameter, pitch, or depth, whole or in segments, at the same.
time so perfectly true as to render it unnecessary and useless to put them
into a lathe. This apparatus consists of a bed plate of such convenient size.
as may be required, in the centre of which is a socket piece, into which is
fitted a hollow spindle, to which is fitted an internal screw, on which screw is.
a nut which slides up and down a groove cut into the spindle, on the outer
diameter of the spindle is fitted a socket to which the nut is screwed, and
which slides up and down the spindle by the action of the screw, On to this
socket again is fitted another socket with space all round for adjustment, and

page_text: secured by set pins. On this socket is cast one, two, or more arms, and on to
each arm is bolted a stay of wood or iron, to which is secured a segment con-
sisting of a few teeth and a section of the rim of the wheel required to be.
moulded.
The method of moulding by the above apparatus is performed in the following
manner-On to the bottom plate herein-before mentioned I strike up a bed
and cope of loam, the inner diameter of which is a little larger than the outer
diameter of the wheel, this cope and bed is then dried. The hollow spindle
before-mentioned is placed into the socket in the plate which holds the spindle
vertical and rigid, the sand is then rammed between the teeth and coping,
after which the segment is drawn up by the internal screw and moved suffi-
eiently round to form the next section, lowered down and rammed, and so on
until the whole rim and teeth of the wheel are moulded. The arms (if any)
are formed by the ordinary means of arm patterns or cone box, the whole is
covered in the ordinary manner.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Luke Martin in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 30th
November 1865.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, LUKE
MARTIN, of Blackburn, in the County of Lancaster, Engineer and Millwright, s
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Thirtieth day of May, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and sixty-five, in the twenty-eighth year of Her reign,
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said
Luke Martin, Her special licence that I, the said Luke Martin, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Luke
Martin, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the
term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend,
within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "AN IMPROVED METHOD AND:
APPARATUS FOR MOULDING WHEELS," upon the condition (amongst others)
that 1, the said Luke Martin, my executors or administrators, by an
instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and
seals, should particularly describe: and ascertain the nature of the said.

page_text: Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause
the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Luke Martin, do hereby declare the
nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement, reference being had to the accompanying Drawings, and to the
letters and figures marked thereon, that is to say:-
of
any
My Invention consists of a machine or apparatus so arranged that wheels
diameter or peculiar sectional form of rim can be moulded in much
less time than by the ordinary means, and with a whole pattern. Also as
only a short piece of pattern is required a great saving of time and expense
of pattern making is thereby saved.
But in order that my Invention may be fully and properly understood I
will proceed to describe the accompanying Sheet of Drawings, the different
views of which are marked with corresponding letters of reference..
Fig. 1 is a sectional elevation of my apparatus as when in use, shewing a
spur wheel in process of moulding; Fig. 2 is a plan of the same on
line A, B. A, A, is a bed plate, B a conical socket bored out and bolted to
bed plate A, A, as shewn in Figs. 1 and 2; C is a hollow spindle, having a
conical bearing turned thereon to fit the socket B, and is thereby held in a
vertical position, the other part of this spindle above the socket B is turned
paralel; D is a screw inside of the spindle C, which spindle has a bush let in
which forms a bearing for the screw D to work in, and also holds the screw
in position as shewn in Fig. 1; E is a nut fitted on the screw D, and also
fits a groove cut in the hollow spindle C; F is a socket that is fitted on the
outer diameter of the hollow spindle C, and above the socket B, and is
screwed to the nut E as shewn in Fig. 2, and by turning the screw D. the
nut E and socket F slides up or down the hollow spindle C; G is another
socket, the inner diameter of which is larger than the outer diameter of the
socket F, a space is left for adjusting with the set screws, K, K, K, K, which
also secures the socket G to the socket F, also on the socket. G are
cast the arms J, J. H, H, are stays or arms of wood, and to such arms
is screwed the segment of pattern I for moulding from as shewn in Figs. 1
and 2; Fig. 3 is an elevation of the outer socket herein-before described, and
with arms of iron bolted thereto, and to which is secured a bevil wheel
segment pattern in the position required for moulding from; Fig. 4 is a plan
of the same; BI is the socket, C1 is the arm with slot in it for the purpose
of regulating to various diameters of wheels; D1 is the bevil. wheel segment

page_text: pattern in position as when moulding from; Figs. 5 and 6 are views shewing
segment pattern of a square rimmed fly wheel screwed to the arms C1 in the
position required when moulding from.
Having now described the various parts of my Invention, I will now shew
my method of moulding wheels by the same.
On the bed plate A, A, I strike up a cope and bed of loam L, L, L, L, as
shewn on Figs. 1 and 2, the inner diameter to be larger than the outer
diameter of the wheel intended to be moulded; the cope and bed are then
dried for the purpose of forming a hard and a true surface. The hollow
spindle C having the arms and segment H and I screwed to is now placed into
socket B, which holds the whole in position as shewn in Fig. 1; thus the
nut E, socket F, having the outer socket G, with the arms H, H, also the
segment I are lowered down by turning the screw D until the segment I is
level on the bed L. The segment I is now fixed to its proper diameter and
adjusted by the set screws K, K, K, K. To insure accuracy it will be better
to try the segment round and mark the divisions on the cope, and when
properly adjusted the sand is then rammed between cope L and segment of
pattern I. After this is rammed the pattern is withdrawn by the action of
the screw D drawing up the nut E, and socket F with socket G, and arms
H, H, and segment I attached thereto, which slides up the hollow spindle C
until-clear of the sand thus rammed, the segment is then moved round the
required distance, lowered down again as before, and rammed again, and so
on until the whole rim of the wheel is moulded. The arms are formed by
means of cores, and the moulds may be closed by an ordinary box, such cores
and box being no part of my Invention. Segments of wheels of any diameter,
depth, and pitch will be made by the before-mentioned method and divided
into any number of segments by thin iron plates or cores, and in such manner
that the whole will form a perfect and true wheel; such plates and cores to
be of such a size as to allow a thickness of metal for fracture, thereby saving
the fitting usual in fitting such segments together.
Having now described the nature and action of my Invention and the
manner in which the same is or may be used or carried into effect, I may
observe that I do not confine myself to the precise details or arrangements
which I have had occasion to describe or refer to, as many variations may be
made therefrom without deviating from the principles or main features in my
Invention, but what I consider to be novel and original, and, therefore claim
as the Invention secured to me. herein are,-
First, the bed and cope of loam dried hard to support the sand rammed
therein to make wheel moulds, as herein-before described.

page_text: Secondly, the method of moulding segment wheels, and by dividing the
same by means of plates or cores, such plates or cores of such a size as to
allow a thickness of metal for fracture, thereby saving the fitting of such
segments together as herein-before described.
Thirdly, the hollow spindle and socket therein, with the screw and nut
therein, by which the vertical action is obtained for raising and lowering the
segment pattern for making wheel moulds as herein-before described.
Fourthly, the outer socket having arms cast on and set screws therein for
adjusting and setting true the segment pattern for making wheel moulds as
herein-before described.
Fifthly, the arms having slots therein for varying the diameter of wheels
and to which is secured the wheel segment pattern for making wheel moulds
as herein-before described.
Sixthly, the mechanical principle of securing to the centre spindle the
means of obtaining motion for raising and lowering the segment pattern for
the purpose of making wheel moulds as herein-before described.
Seventhly, and last, the general mechanical arrangements of the whole
of the apparatus as shewn in the accompanying Drawings for the purpose of
making wheel moulds as herein-before described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Luke Martin, have hereto set my.
hand and seal, this Seventeenth day of November, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-five.
(L.S.). LUKE MARTIN.