IMPROVEMENTS IN THE TREATMENT OR PREPARATION OF STRAW AND OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF PAPER."
Year: 1867

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Edward Lloyd, of Bow, in the County of Middlesex,
Paper Manufacturer and Newspaper Proprietor, for the Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE TREATMENT OR PREPARATION OF STRAW AND OTHER
FIBROUS MATERIALS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF PAPER."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Edward Lloyd at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 7th
March 1867.*
I, EDWARD LLOYD, of Bow, in the County of Middlesex, Paper Manufacturer
and Newspaper Proprietor, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE TREATMENT OR PREPARATION OF STRAW AND
OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF PAPER," to be as follows:-
In the manufacture of paper from straw and other coarse fibrous materials
heretofore it has been usual to cut up the straw and to separate the knots
and objectionable parts before boiling, and treating the materials with the
necessary chemical agents; notwithstanding this treatment knots or
or objec-
tionable substances remain in the materials, which knots or substances have
to be removed or separated subsequently to boiling and treating chemically.
Now this ordinary mode of proceeding not only involves the operations of
separating the objectionable parts while in the state of straw and at a sub-
sequent stage, as above mentioned, but makes it troublesome to boil and treat
chemically, besides inducing a waste of the chemical agents by necessitating

page_text: the treatment of a quantity of extraneous matters which are subsequently
thrown away as useless.
According to my Invention I reduce the straw, esparto, or other material
by a grinding or reducing operation, such that the whole substance of the
straw, esparto, or other material shall be reduced to the required state (in the
case of straw to such a degree as to require no separation of the knots or
other substances), the whole being rendered available for the manufacture
of paper.
For the purposes of my Invention I use mills, such as used for grinding
grain or other vegetable or mineral matters. Millstones used for grinding
flour will answer the purpose, but I prefer steel or metal mills used for like
purposes, as they reduce the fibre more rapidly to the state required for the
manufacture of paper pulp. The straw or fibre when so reduced is boiled and
chemically treated in the ordinary manner, but which by reason of the previous
preparation requires much less boiling, and also a much less quantity of the
chemical agents than is usually employed, while at the same time a greater
yield of paper will be obtained from a given quantity of straw, by reason of
the whole of the material being reduced to pulp of an equal quality. The
straw or fibrous material should be previously cut into short lengths before
introducing it into the mill. The set or cut of the stones, or of the toothed
cutters of the metal mills should be so adjusted that the straw remains only a
sufficient length of time between the cutting surfaces to reduce all parts of
the materials to the necessary degree of fineness for the purpose required,
but not so as to materially interfere with or shorten the length of fibre
obtainable.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Edward Lloyd in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 2nd
September 1867.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, EDWARD
LLOYD, of Bow, in the County of Middlesex, Paper Manufacturer and News-
paper Proprietor, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Seventh day of March, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-seven, in the thirtieth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said Edward Lloyd, Her special licence that I, the said Edward Lloyd, my

page_text: executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Edward
Lloyd, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the
term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE TREAT-
MENT OR PREPARATION OF STRAW AND OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS FOR THE
MANUFACTURE OF PAPER," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the
said Edward Lloyd, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in
writing under my, or their, or one of their bands and seals, should particu-
larly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the saine was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the
Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately
after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Edward Lloyd, do hereby declare the
nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement (that is to say) :-
In the manufacture of paper from straw and other coarse fibrous materials
heretofore it has been usual to cut up the straw and to separate the knots
and objectionable parts before boiling and treating the materials with the
necessary chemical. agents; notwithstanding this treatment, knots or objec-
tionable substances remain in the materials, which knots or substances have
to be removed or separated subsequently to boiling and treating chemically.
Now this ordinary mode of proceeding not only involves the operations of
separating the objectionable parts while in the state of straw and at a sub-
sequent stage, as above mentioned, but makes it troublesome to boil and treat
chemically, besides inducing a waste of the chemical agents by necessitating
the treatment of a quantity of extraneous matters which are subsequently
thrown away as useless.
According to my Invention I reduce the straw, esparto, or other material
by a grinding or reducing operation, such that the whole substance of the
straw, esparto, or other material shall be reduced to the required state (or, in
the case of straw, to such a degree as to require no separation of the knots or
other substances), the whole being rendered available for the manufacture
of paper.
For the purposes of my Invention I use mills, such as used for grinding
grain or other vegetable or mineral matters. Millstones used for grinding
flour will answer the purpose, but I prefer steel or metal mills used for like

page_text: purposes, as they reduce the fibre more rapidly to the state required for the
manufacture of paper pulp. The straw or fibre, when so reduced, is boiled
and chemically treated in the ordinary manner, but which by reason of the
previous preparation requires much less boiling, and also a much less quantity
of the chemical agents than is usually employed, while at the same time a
greater yield of paper will be obtained from a given quantity of straw by
reason of the whole of the material being reduced to pulp of an equal quality.
The straw or fibrous material should be previously cut into short lengths
before introducing it to the mill. The set or cut of the stones, or of the
toothed cutters of the metal mills, should be so adjusted. that the straw
remains only a sufficient length of time between the cutting surfaces to reduce
all parts of the materials to the necessary degree of fineness for the purpose
required, but not so as to materially interfere with or shorten the length of
fibre obtainable.
Having described the nature of the said Invention, and the manner of per-
forming the same, I declare that what I claim, as the Invention to be protected
by the herein-before in part recited Letters Patent is, grinding or reducing
straw, esparto, and other vegetable matters in miills or grinding apparatus,
whereby these matters are so reduced as to facilitate the action of the chemical
agents employed thereon, and obviate the subsequent separation of knots
from straw and such other matters as are not reduced by boiling or treating
chemically, as and for the purposes herein-before described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Edward Lloyd, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Thirty-first day of August, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-seven.
EDW. LLOYD. (L.B.)