Year: 1888

page_text: 1, JAMES ALOYSIUS SMITH of Poplar Villa, Brighton Road, Birmingham, Saw-
Miller, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement
This invention relates to certain improvements in Tobacco pipes with the object of
remedying the chief defects with which smokers have to find fault, viz. :-To prevent
the nicotine or highly poisonous essential oil of the tobacco-from being conveyed to
the mouth in vapor or smoke which is hot, and which consequently irritates the soft
tissues, and thus renders them very susceptible to the action of the nicotine, a result
not only unpleasant but dangerous to health. Also to provide a simple and ready
means of keeping the pipe always clean, and to make stoppages impossible. And
further, to secure the necessary coolness and sweetness without using a long and
inconvenient stem, and in a form of pipe which is light and adapted for a handy and
economical pattern of case-if the smoker prefers to use a case. To make the
description clear, I annex hereunto a sheet of drawings. Figures 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
and 7 are central vertical sections of the pipe-head or of parts thereof; and
figures 8 and 9 are longitudinal central sections of the stem and mouth-piece.
::
I make the pipe to consist of three principal parts, namely, a pipe-head; a vapor
cooling stem; and a mouthpiece; and I will describe them in the order in which they
have just been mentioned. The pipe-head is itself formed of three principal parts,
viz. an outer bowl; an inner bowl; and a "cap "-or a "top" and "cap"
combined. Further on I explain the particular meaning I attach to these terms,"top"
and cap. The inner bowl is that in which the tobacco is placed, and in this
description, I shall for convenience sake continue to use these, terms, outer bowl"
and "tobacco bowl" to distinguish the two. Figs. 1 and 2 are sectional views of the
two bowls respectively. The outer bowl I make of hardwood, ebonite, metal or of
any of the ordinary materials used in pipe-heads. Its internal diameter is somewhat
larger than the external diameter of the tobacco bowl. Near the bottom at O is a
hole of large diameter which is to communicate with the opening of the stem. The
tobacco bowl (Fig. 2) I make of any of the materials ordinarily used in tobacco pipe
bowls, such as earthenwares, wood or meerschaum. It is made somewhat similar in
shape to a small inkwell, with this difference-that it projects down so as to form
underneath the permanent bottom, a small chamber, c, which is usually plugged with
some convenient stopper, such as a piece of cork, asbestos or wood-removable (if
desired) when the pipe is not in use. This plug shields the stem of the pipe from
receiving the hot vapor directly from the burning tobacco, and also prevents the
bottom of the outer bowl from being charred. The permanent bottom, b, has one or

page_text: more holes, h, through which the smoke is drawn into the lower chamber, c, from
which it passes in an upward and outward direction through two or more holes, e e',
piercing the wall of this chamber. Near the mouth of the tobacco bowl (it may be a
little under or else on same level as the mouth-it being about equally convenient
in either position) I provide a narrow ring or flange, ff, firmly encircling it, of
ebonite, wood, metal or bone; or .of the substance of the tobacco bowl itself if
moulded with it. The outer bowl is provided with a cap for holding the tobacco bowl
in its proper position. This cap holding the tobacco bowl, is shown on an enlarged
scale in the part drawing, Fig. 3,-the thickness of the metal parts being much
exaggerated for the purpose of shewing the construction clearly. It consists of two
short tubes a, a, and b, b, of thin metal, sliding one within the other in the manner
of telescope tubes, and having narrow rims c, c', and d, d', turned inwards.
diameter of the outside tube is such that it forms a telescope joint with the upper part
of the interior of the outer bowl, which is here recessed.. Between the two rims of
the tubes the flange,, of the tobacco bowl is pinched, and thus the two tubes
become a holder for it, by which it can be placed inside or removed from, the outer
bowl. The outer tube, which for convenience has a projecting edge m, m³, can be
raised or depressed so that the lower edge of the inner tube is kept pressed against the
projecting shoulders, s¹, on the outer bowl. Perforations in the wall of the outer
bowl are made in the position indicated by n, n', which bring the metal of the cap
into direct contact with the outside air, and increase its cooling effects.
The
The smoke, being spread over the large area of the interior of the outer bowl, and
brought into contact to some extent with the cap before reaching the stem opening
(0, Fig. 1), is cooled and deposits its moisture which falls to the bottom, whence it
can be very easily. removed by simply withdrawing the cap (holding the tobacco bowl);
and wiping it up with a piece of paper, as there is ample room to move a finger about
in the outer bowl, and its smooth surface presents no inaccessible places for the
lodgment of any matter. I also, with the object of converting the chamber of the
outer bowl into a more perfect cooler and condenser of hot vapor than it can be made
by the simple construction just described, sometimes modify or rather amplify the
same arrangement by combining with the cap, a "top" for the outer bowl. This top
is a short tube of thin metal which fits over the outer bowl (which to suit this
arrangement is made considerably less deep than in the other case) in such a way that
their united lengths form the normal depth of the outer bowl, (Fig. 4). In other
words, the same construction is observed as previously described, excepting that
instead of the entire outer bowl being composed of wood or ebonite or the other
ordinary materials, the upper part of it is replaced by a zone of metal. This top may
be pushed tightly over or screwed to the outer bowl. A cap (holding the tobacco
bowl) slides as before described, and a stop æ, æ¹,consisting of a few rivet heads, or
a ring of metal, or a bead moulding formed by a depression being worked on the outer
face of the top, or of any other convenient ordinary design-is provided on the
internal surface of the top against which the lower edge of the inner tube b, b, of
the cap, is pressed so as to keep the flange of the tobacco bowl tight between the two
rims c, c, and d, d¹. The sheet metal I use in the top and cap is preferably silver or
silver-plated but nickel-plated metal may be also suitably employed. To perfect the
working of the condensing chamber, I coat the exposed surfaces of the metal with
lamp-black or other good heat radiating medium. The drawing (Fig. 4) is on an
enlarged scale, and the thickness of the metal tubes has been disproportionally
exaggerated in order to make the parts distinct.
It is evident that merely by the changing, or the varying of the details, there are
several forms-differing somewhat from the foregoing and from one another-under
which the same principle of construction may be employed for the same objects.
Thus I may instance-an ordinary sliding or screwing-on lid of any material, with a
narrow horizontal rim at top to clamp down the tobacco bowl flange upon the top edge
of the outer; bowl (Fig. 7);. or a "cap" to take the place of a "cap" and "top,"
by using it outside instead of inside, the outer bowl (Fig. 6); or a "top" with the
rim turned outwards to which the flange of tobacco bowl is clamped by a pair of

page_text: spring catches (Fig. 5); or the employment of hinged lids (practically same in
construction as the metal cases or rims which hold watch-glasses) to take the place
of sliding or screwing-on lids, or as a substitute for the simple spring catches shown
in Fig. 5.
The stem (Fig. 8) consists of a tube, T, of thin metal, preferably silver or silver-
plated (and having relatively to its length a very large bore) held in a protecting case
or holder, H. The tube is supported at each end by the shoulders s, sand on the
interior of the case, and for the most of its length is free from contact with the case,
the diameter of the latter being so much larger as to leave an annular space v v¹.
It is also in free contact with the outside air by means of perforations in the case,
which may take the shape of round holes, slots or any other design that may be
considered ornamental. I coat the outside of the tube with lampblack or paper or
other good heat radiating medium, and it thus becomes a very perfect cooler and
condenser. The holder end, D, connects with the opening, O, of the outer bowl
(Fig. 1). I have now described and illustrated the construction of stem which I
prefer to make, but it is obvious there are several changes of details which may be
made without thereby introducing any essential feature of novelty, or altering the
principle of the arrangement. For instance, the form of junction at the outer bowl
might be reversed so that the stem would screw on to a shank instead of into the outer
bowl; or that at the mouthpiece might be also reversed; or they might be changed
for other well known and commonly used forms such as sliding joints; but these
and such like changes would be merely ones of details, and would not alter the
essential principle of construction by which the improvement was caused.
The material of which I prefer to make the case or stem-tube holder, is either
ebonite or vulcanite, wood, bone or horn. The mouthpiece (Fig. 9) is made of any of
the materials ordinarily used for the purpose, such as ebonite, bone, horn or amber.
It is short, and of good internal capacity, so that clogging is rendered impossible.
At one end the bore is contracted to form a small check-hole, k, for the purpose of
limiting the draught of smoke to a moderate amount, and this being close to the
joint, is always conveniently accessible. The small hole may be in a plug of metal,
ebonite, bone, wood or any other ordinary convenient material, or else it is formed
in the substance of the mouthpiece itself.
External mountings for the joints, or mouldings or straps encircling the outer
bowl or top, or milled surfaces and edges for finger holds, and other accessories
may be also provided, but as I confine my description to the points bearing on the
invention, and as those relate only to finish and ornamentation, no extended account
of them is required.
I wish to state here that I do not claim as a distinct and absolute invention the
employment of two bowls in a tobacco pipe, nor of a metallic stem in place of the
ordinarily used materials, but having now particularly described and ascertained the nature
of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare
that what I claim is :-
1. The combination of the outer bowl and tobacco bowl, substantially as herein-
before described.
2. A metallic "cap," or "cap" and "top"-in conjunction with an outer bowl
and a tobacco bowl, so as to form a holder for the tobacco bowl, and to become a vapor
condenser by direct contact at once with the vapor and the outside air, substantially as
hereinbefore described.
3. A vapor condensing stem substantially as hereinbefore described.
Dated the Fightoonth day of October 1888