IMPROVEMENTS IN MEANS, MACHINERY, OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED IN SPINNING WOOL, MOHAIR, ALPACA, SILK, AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES
Year: 1858

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Joseph Mitchell, Worsted Spinner, Hiram Mitchell,
Manager, and Thomas England, Mechanic, all of Bradford, in the County
of York, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MEANS, MACHINERY, OR
APPARATUS EMPLOYED IN SPINNING WOOL, MOHAIR, ALPACA, SILK, AND OTHER
FIBROUS SUBSTANCES."
Sealed the 8th April 1859, and dated the 8th October 1858.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Joseph Mitchell, Hiram
Mitchell, and Thomas England at the Office of the Commissioners of
Patents, with their Petition, on the 8th October 1858.
We, JOSEPH MITCHELL, Worsted Spinner, HIRAM MITCHELL, Manager, and
THOMAS ENGLAND, Mechanic, all of Bradford, in the County of York, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MEANS,
MACHINERY, OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED IN SPINNING WOOL, MOHAIR, ALPACA, SILK,
AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates, firstly, to spinning mottled yarns, or yarns composed
of two colors made by combining two rovings of different colors, which are
drawn simultaneously and spun together. And in order that the proportions
of such colors may be varied, that is, to have one color to preponderate over
the other, and still have the rovings from which they are made or spun of
equal thickness, we employ an additional pair of "back rollers," each pair

page_text: being driven or operated independantly of the other pair, which by means of
change gear we can vary in relative speeds, thus giving a slow motion to one
pair and a quick motion to the other, in proportion as we require the colors to
vary, or one preponderate over the other, both rovings being drawn by the
same pair of front or drawing rollers; we consequently obtain two different
draughts, or a separate draught on each roving, and are thereby enabled to
vary the proportions or relative quantities of each color in the yarns as may be
required, without having first to prepare different or unequal thicknesses of
rovings for such purpose.
Secondly, this Invention relates to means of combining long and short wools
or other fibrous substances in the same yarn, and consists in having the
framing or stands which carry the aforesaid two pairs of back rollers so con-
structed or arranged and capable of adjustment, that each pair can be set or
adjusted to the particular length of staple or length of fibre of each sort or
substance, whereby we are enabled to combine long and short wools, or short
wool with mobair or alpaca, in the same yarn, and also make various other
combinations of different fibrous substances.
i
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Joseph Mitchell, Hiram Mitchell, and Thomas England in
the Great Seal Patent Office on the 8th April 1859.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, JOSEPH
MITCHELL, Worsted Spinner, HIRAM MITCHELL, Manager, and THOMAS
ENGLAND, Mechanic, all of Bradford, in the County of York, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Eighth day of October, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-eight, in the twenty-second year of Her
reign, did, for Herself,. Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto us,
the said Joseph Mitchell, Hiram Mitchell, and Thomas England, Her special
licence that we, the said Joseph Mitchell, Hiram Mitchell, and Thomas
England, our executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as we,
the said Joseph Mitchell, Hiram Mitchell, and Thomas England, our
executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no
others, from time to time and. at all times thereafter during the term therein
expressed, should and lawfully might make,-use, exercise, and vend, within
the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and
Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MEANS, MACHINERY, OR

page_text: APPARATUS EMPLOYED IN SPINNING WOOL, MOHAIR, ALPACA, SILK, AND OTHER
FIBROUS SUBSTANCES," upon the condition (amongst others) that we, the said
Joseph Mitchell, Hiram Mitchell, and Thomas England, by an instrument in
writing under our hands and seals, or under the hand and seal of one or more
of us, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause
the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar.
months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said Joseph Mitchell, Hiram Mitchell, and
Thomas England, do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention, and
in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described
and ascertained in and by the following statement (that is to say) :-
:-
This Invention relates, firstly, to spinning mottled yarns, or yarns composed
of two colors made by combining two rovings of different colors, which are
drawn simultaneously and spun together. And in order that the proportions
of such colors may be varied, that is, to have one color to preponderate over the
other, and still have the rovings from which they are made or spun of equal
thicknesses, we employ an additional pair of "back rollers," each pair being
driven or operated independently of the other pair, which by means of change
gear we can vary in relative speeds, thus giving a slow motion to one pair and
a quick motion to the other, in proportion as we require the colors to vary, or
one preponderate over the other, both rovings being drawn by the same pair of
front or drawing rollers; we consequently obtain two different draughts, or a
separate draught on each roving, and are thereby enabled to vary the
proportions or relative quantities of each color in the yarns as may be required,
without having first to prepare different or unequal thicknesses of rovings for
such purpose.
Secondly, our Invention relates to means of combining long and short wools
or other fibrous substances in the same yarn, and consists in having the
framing or stands which carry the aforesaid two pairs of back rollers so con-
structed and arranged and capable of adjustment that each pair can be set
or adjusted to the particular length of staple or length of fibre of each sort
or substance, whereby we are enabled to combine long and short wools, or
short wool with mohair or alpaca, in the same yarn, and also make various
other combinations of different fibrous substances.
In order that our Invention may be more clearly understood, we have
given reference to the accompanying Sheet of Drawings, in which Fig. 1 is
an end elevation of an ordinary spinning frame arranged or adapted to our
Invention, or with our improvements applied thereto; and Fig. 2 is a

page_text: front elevation of the same, drawn shorter than the usual length of spinning
frames, yet of sufficient length for the purpose of illustrating our Invention.
The ordinary parts of this machinery or apparatus being well understood,
need not all be referred to here. A represents the "front rollers" or drawing
rollers; B, the "back rollers ;" and C, the roving bobbins for supplying roving
to the back rollers, which parts are shewn as in ordinary use. D, the
additional pair of back rollers; and E, the roving bobbins for supplying roving
to the said rollers. Each pair of back rollers are supported in separate
bearings or pedestals, which are capable of being moved nearer to or further
from the front rollers by racks and pinions, or other suitable means, as may be
required, each pair of rollers being driven by separate change gearing F
and G.
Fig. 3 shews the arrangement of the rollers, and the course of the rovings
of different colors for spinning "mottled " yarn, by reference to which it will
be perceived that if the pair of back rollers B be driven at a quicker speed
than the other pair D, the pair B will admit or allow a greater quantity of
roving to pass to the drawing rollers in the same time than the pair D will
allow, although the roving supplied to each pair of rollers may be each of the
same thickness, consequently one roving will be more drawn than the other in
proportion to the relative speeds given to each pair of back rollers, or a different
and separate draught will be given to each roving, and the gearing for driving
the rollers may be readily changed to other relative speeds, whereby we obtain
any desired proportions of colors in the yarns as required.
Fig. 4 shews one position in which the back rollers may be placed relatively
to each other for combining and spinning fibrous substances of different lengths
of staple, by which we are enabled to mix long wool with short wool, or short
wool with mohair, alpaca, silk, or other fibrous substances in the same yarn, or
in fact, to combine various kinds or qualities of fibrous substances in one yaru
or thread as may be found desirable. Each pair of back rollers are capable
of being readily set to the proper distance from the front rollers according to
the length of "staple" respectively of each substance to be operated upon, or
to the proper "ratch," as will be readily understood by practical spinners.
Having thus fully described the nature of our Invention, and the
manner in which the same is to be performed, we would have it distinctly
understood that we do not claim the use of an additional pair of back rollers
when spinning mottled yarn, or yarn made from two rovings of unequal thickness,
as we are aware such is not new; but what we claim and believe to be new
within the realm is,-
Firstly, the employment of an additional pair of back rollers when spinning

page_text: mottled yarn from two rovings of equal thickness, and so arranged as to obtain
a separate or independent "draught" on each roving.
Secondly, the construction and arrangement of apparatus for spinning fibrous
substances from rovings of different lengths of staple, so as to obtain a separate
or independent "ratch" on each roving, as herein described and illustrated in
the accompanying Sheet of Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said Joseph Mitchell, for and on behalf of
myself and the said Hiram Mitchell and Thomas England, have
hereunto set my hand and seal, this Sixth day of April, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-nine.
JOSEPH MITCHELL. (L.S.)
Signed, sealed, and delivered by the
within-named Joseph Mitchell, in
the presence of
W. TASKER, Patent Agent,
Halifax.