Improvements in the Method of Producing the Explosive Mixture in Hydrocarbon Engines.
Year: 1893

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION (AMENDED).
Improvements in the Method of Producing the Explosive Mixture
in Hydrocarbon Engines.
I, WILHELM MAYBACH, of Cannstatt, in the Kingdom of Würtemberg, German
Empire, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement :-
My invention relates to hydrocarbon-engines, in which the explosive mixture is
produced from air and a liquid hydrocarbon, as petroleum, ligroine, benzine, naphta,
or the like, and my improvements in the composing or forming of this mixture relate
to the manner, in which the liquid hydrocarbon is moved and dispersed by, and
thoroughly mixed with the air sucked by the working-piston into the cylinder through
a special feeding-channel, into which a nozzle supplying the hydrocarbon extends in
any direction and at any place, and the object of my improvements is to produce a
mixture of never-varying composition, irrespective of the speed of the engine as well
as of that of the piston in different parts of the path of this latter.
In order to make my invention more clear, I refer to the accompanying drawing, in
which similar letters denote similar parts, and in which:
Fig. 1 is a vertical section through the mixing- and feeding-device of a hydro-
carbon-engine working according to my invention.
Fig. 2 is a modification of said device, and
Fig. 3 is a second modification of the same.
The liquid hydrocarbon is contained in the basin a and is led from this basin to
the mixing channel 6 by the pipe c, at the end of which latter a nozzle c¹ is provided.
The liquid in basin a is kept in the same hight of level by a swimmer d, which
admits the influx of fresh liquid through tube e in a manner easily to be understood
from the drawing. Thus, the level of the liquid contained in pipe c, below nozzle c¹,
is constantly kept in the same or very nearly the same hight, which forms a moment
of utmost importance, as will be more clearly to be seen hereinafter.
The entrance of air into the cylinder f takes place through the inlet- or suction-
valve g and the channel bb', the part 6 of which latter forms the mixing-room
already mentioned, and the entrance of hydrocarbon into the mixing room 6 takes
place through the nozzle c¹. The communication b² between band b¹ is narrowed,
and the dimensions of the communication 6' and the nozzle c¹ correspond to the ratio
of mixture of the two bodies employed air, and hydrocarbon.
If, now, the engine is running, air is sucked by the piston into the cylinder through
channel b b', and, on account of the narrowed communication 2, a vacuum or partial
vacuum is established within the mixing room b. By reason of this vacuum, a certain
quantity of the liquid hydrocarbon is sucked into chamber b out of nozzle c¹, and is
squirted there at the opposite wall as well as by the air, the latter flowing in with a

page_text: velocity corresponding to the speed of the piston. Supposed, this speed is low, the
rarefaction of the air will also be low, but will last a longer time, and, therefore, the
injection of the liquid hydrocarbon will occur with little force, but with long duration.
If, on the other hand, the speed of the piston is high, also the rarefaction will be high,
and will last but a short time; therefore, the injection of the liquid will occur with
great force, and with short duration. Just the same accordance is existing with
regard to the degree of rarefaction and the velocity of the piston in different parts of
its path, and it is, consequently, the proportion between both the bodies forming the
explosive mixture exactly the same under all conditions, and this the
level of the liquid within nozzle c remains on the same height.
more, as the
When employing heavy liquid hydrocarbons for the production of the explosive
mixture, it is necessary to heat the wall of chamber b, against which the former is
thrown, or to heat the whole of said chamber in order to effect a quicker reduction
into vapour.
This may be performed best by the construction shown in Fig. 3, in
which the escaping hot combustion-gases are led against or around chamber b by the
channel h, at the end of which the outlet-valve i is arranged.
Further, in order to regulate the engine, the passage for the air may be altered
in such a manner, that either a part or the whole of the air takes another way, than
through communication be; so that but a slight or no rarefaction at all is produced
within the mixing-chamber, and consequently, but little or no hydrocarbon is sucked
into it:
Such an arrangement is shown in Fig. 2, in which, besides the connection b², a
second connection b³ is established between the parts b and 61, which, under normal
conditions, is closed by, a valve k. This valve may he actuated automatically from
the regulator by rod b, and also from hand by screw m, so that, by screwing this screw
down into valve, the latter may be opened. The air, therefore, will not be rarefied
and no liquid will be sucked into chamber b, so that no combustible or explosive
mixture can be formed, and the engine stops.
I wish it to be understood, that I do not confine myself to the employment of but one
nozzle, as c¹, or but one narrowed inlet as 62, but I may use also several nozzles and
several inlets, and also special inlets for air without nozzles, as for instance at 64 in
Fig. 3.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said invention,
and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
The method of producing-the-explosive mixture-in-hydrocarbon-engines,--con-
sisting-in-sucking-liquid hydrocarbon-by-the-air-sucked-by-the-working-piston;-sub-
stantially-as-described.
2. The method of producing-the-explosive-mixture-in-hydrocarbon-engines,--eon-
sisting-in-sucking-liquid-hydrocarbon-by, and-mixing the same-with, the air-sucked
by-the-working-piston-through-a-mixing-chamber 6, substantially-as-described.
3. The method-of-producing the explosive-mixture in--hydrocarbon--engines,-eon-
sisting in--sucking-liquid-hydrocarbon--out-of-n-nozzle-c'-extending-into----mixing
chamber-b-by-the-air sucked-by-the-working-piston--through-said--mixing chamber,
substantially-as-deseribed.
4.--The--method-of-producing-the-explosive-mixture-in-hydrocarbon--engines, con-
sisting in-sucking-liquid hydrocarbon-out of a nozzle-c-forming-end-of--supply-
pipe-c, and extending-into-connection--62-between-air-inlet-channel-6'-and--mixing
chamber-62, such sucking being performed-by-the-air sucked by the working piston
through-said-connection-62,-substantially as described.
5.--The-method of producing-the-explosive mixture-in--hydrocarbon-engines,--con-
sisting-in-sucking-liquid-hydrocarbon out-of-a nozzle-c', fed-from-supply-basin--a by
pipe-c-and-extending into-connection-62-between--air-inlet channel-6'-and-mixing-
chamber-b-said-sucking being performed by the air sacked by the working-piston
through--said-channel-6'--connection 62-and-mixing chamber b, substantially as
described.

page_text: G. 1. The method of producing the explosive mixture in hydrocarbon-engines, con
sisting in sucking liquid hydrocarbon out of a nozzle a fed from supply-basin a by
pipe c and extending into connection 63 between air-inlet-channel 61 and mixing
chamber b, said sucking being performed by the air sucked by the working-piston
through said channel 1, connection 62 and mixing-chamber b, and the level of the
hy drocarbon within basin a being kept on the same height by a swimmer-valve d,
acting on the main-supply-tube e, substantially as described.
7.The--method-of-producing-the-explosive-mixture-in-hydrocarbon-engines,-con-
sisting-in-sucking-liquid-hydrocarbon-by-and-mixing-the-same-with-the-air-sneked
by-the-working-piston-through-a-mixing chamber-b-the-latter-being-heated-by-the
combustion gases, substantially-as-described.
S.-The-method-of producing-the-explosive-mixture-in-hydrocarbon--engines,-con-
sisting-in-sucking-liquid-hydrocarbon-out-of-a-nozzle-c-extending-into-a-mixing
ehamber-b-by-the-air-sucked-by-the-working-piston-through-sand-mixing--chamber,
the-latter-being-heated-by-the-combustion-gases-substantially-as-deseribed.
9.-The-method-of-produeing-the-explosive--mixture-in-hydrocarbon-engines,-con-
sisting in-sueking liquid hydrocarbon-out-of-a-nozzle-c-forming-end-of-supply-pipe-c
and-extending-into-connection-62 between air-inlet-channel-61-and-mixing chamber-b
said-sucking--being-performed-by-the-air-sucked-by-the-working-piston-through-said
connection--b- the-mixing-chamber-being-heated-by---the-combustion--gases,-sub-
stantially-as-described.
10. The-method-ef producing-the-explosive-mixture-in-hydrocarbon-engines,-eon-
sisting-in-sucking liquid hydrocarbon-out-of-a-nozzle-c-fed-trom--supply basin-a-by
pipe-c,-and-extending-into-connection--6--between--air-inlet-channel-6'-and-mixing
ehamber-b-said-sucking-being-performed-by-the-air--sucked-by-the--working-piston
through-said-channel-b',-connection-be-and--mixing chamber-b--the-latter--boing
heated-by-the-combustion-gases,-substantially-as-described.
11. 2 The method of producing the explosive mixture in hydrocarbon-engines, con-
sisting in sucking liquid hydrocarbon out of a nozzle c¹ fed from supply-basin a by
pipe c, and extending into connection ba between air-inlet-channel and mixing
chamber b, said sucking being perforined by the air sucked by the working-piston
through said channel b¹, connection b³, mixing-chamber b, the level of the hydro-
carbon within basin a being kept on the same height by a swimmer-valve d, acting
on the main-supply tube e, the mixing-chamber being heated by the combustion-
gases, substantially as described.
12. 3. The method of producing the explosive mixture in hydrocarbon-éngines,
consisting in sucking liquid hydrocarbon by, and mixing the same with, the air
sucked by the working piston through a mixing-chamber b, the latter having
opening with valve k, substantially as described.
13. 4. The method of producing the explosive mixture in hydrocarbon-engines,
consisting in sucking liquid hydrocarbon out of a nozzle c', extending into a nixing-
chamber b by the air sucked by the working-piston through said mixing-chamber,
the latter having opening b with valve k, substantially as described.
14. 5. The method of producing the explosive mixture in hydrocarbon-engines,
consisting in sucking liquid hydrocarbon out of a nozzle c¹ forming end of supply-
pipe c, and extending into connection 6 between air-inlet-channel b¹ and mixing-
chamber b, said sucking being performed by the air sucked by the working-piston
through said connection 62, the inixing-chamber having opening 63 with valve k, sub-
stantially as described.
15. C. The method of producing the explosive mixture in hydrocarbon-engines,
consisting in sucking liquid hydrocarbon out of a nozzle cl fed from supply-basin a
by pipe c, fed from c, and extending into connection 62 between air-inlet-channel b
and mixing-chamber 62, said sucking being performed by the air sucked by the
working piston through said channel b', connection 62 and mixing-chamber b, the
latter having opening 63 with valve k, substantially as described.
16. 7. The method of producing the explosive mixture in hydrocarbon-engines,
consisting in sucking liquid hydrocarbon out of a nozzle c¹ fed from supply-basin a

page_text: by pipe c, and extending into connection 62 between air-inlet-channel 6 and
mixing-chamber 62, said sucking being performed by the air sucked by the working-
piston through said channel 61, connection 62 and mixing-chamber b, the level of the
hydrocarbon within basin a being kept on the same height by a swimmer-valve d,
acting on the main supply-tube e, the mixing-chamber having opening with valve k,
substantially as described.
47. 8. The method of producing the explosive mixture in hydrocarbon-engines,
consisting in sucking liquid hydrocarbon by, and mixing the same with, the air sucked
by the working piston through a mixing-chamber b, the latter being heated by the
combustion-gases, and having opening 68 with valve k, substantially as described.
18. 9. The method of producing the explosive mixture in bydrocarbon-engines,
consisting in sucking liquid hydrocarbon out of a nozzle c³, extending into a mixing-
chamber by the air sucked by the working-piston through said mixing-chamber,
the latter being heated by the combustion-gases, and having opening b³ with valve k,
substantially as described.
19. 10. The method of producing the explosive mixture in hydrocarbon-engines,
consisting in sucking liquid hydrocarbon out of a nozzle c¹, forming end of supply-
pipe c, and extending into connection 62 between air-inlet channel and mixing.
chamber b, said sucking being performed by the air sucked by the working-piston
through said connection 62, the mixing chamber being heated by the combustion-
gases, and having opening 63 with valve k, substantially as described.
20. 11. The method of producing the explosive mixture in hydrocarbon-engines,
consisting in sucking liquid hydrocarbon out of a nozzle c¹ fed from supply-basin a
by pipe c, and extending into connection 2 between air-inlet-channel 61 and mixing-
chamber 6, said sucking being performed by the air sucked by the working-piston
through said channel 6', connection 62 and mixing-chamber b, the level of the hydro-
carbon within basin being kept on the same height by a swimmer-valve d, acting
on the main-supply-tube the mixing-chamber being heated by the combustion-gases,
the latter having opening with valve k, substantially as described.
Dated this 21st day of August 1893.
is 21st day of August 1893.
WILHELM MAYBACH.
By Geo. H. Rayner, A. E. Ellen,
37, Chancery Lane, London, W.C., Agent for the Applicant.