IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF RAILWAY AND OTHER WHEELS
Year: 1861

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Daniel Evans, of Stratford, in the County of Essex,
Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF
RAILWAY AND OTHER WHEELS."
Sealed the 15th August 1861, and dated the 21st February 1861.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Daniel Evans at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 21st
February 1861.
I, DANIEL EVANS, of Stratford, in the County of Essex, Engineer, do
hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF RAILWAY AND OTHER WHEELS," to be as follows :-
This Invention has for its object improvements in the manufacture of
railway and other wheels. For these purposes the flanged tyre is rolled or
formed with an interior rib or projection, the sides of which are made to
incline to the inner surface of the tyre, so as to form a dovetail section, or other
section of such like form as will prevent the projecting rib passing out-
wards from between two surfaces, one on either side, which combine the tyre
with the nave. These two sides consist of two circular plates or discs formed
with flanges at their outer edges, which project inwards; the edges of such
flanges being formed to correspond with the sides of the inner rib or projection
on the tyre, so that when the two side plates are fixed in their places no part
of the tyre, though broken into many pieces, will be able to get away or be
thrown off from the side plates. The nave I prefer to consist of an inner
cylinder of somewhat larger diameter than the central holes or openings

page_text: through the side discs or plates, and such cylinder is extended at each end, but
of less diameter, so as to pass through and fit the central openings in the two
side plates or discs, and provision is made for fixing plates or washers on the
ends of the cylindrical nave outside of the side plates or discs. I prefer that
the two side discs or plates should be parallel to each other, and vertical. The
two side plates or discs may be fixed together, and to the tyre by hollow or
solid bolts passing through them, and upset or riveted at their ends, or
otherwise fixed; or, in place of this arrangement, I roll or form the tyre with
a flange or projection projecting inwards from one edge of the inner surface of
the tyre, and on the other edge I form a groove all round to receive a pro-
jection on one of the side discs, and I form or affix a ring or rim to the two
side plates or discs at their periphery, so as to connect them together, and to
receive the tyre. The tyre, when in its place, is secured from lateral move-
ment by bolts or rivets.
In some cases in place of forming dovetail or other projecting edges to the
outer circumference of each of the two discs, and a projection with dovetail
or inclined sides on the tyre, as first described, I form the body of the wheel in
the manner last described, with discs connected at the periphery by a circular
ring or rim, and having a projection on one side to enter a groove in the tyre.
I then apply on the other side a ring plate to keep the flange in its place, and
I bolt the whole together, upsetting or riveting the bolts at their ends, or
fixing them by screws or nuts.
In some cases when using tyres with a projecting inner rib and dovetail, or
other suitably formed sides to hold the tyre to the body of the wheel, I, in
place of using flanges projecting inwards from the two discs, employ similar
flanges or rings fixed by screws and nuts, or by rivets or otherwise, to the
body of the wheel, so as to come on either side of the projecting rib formed on
the interior of the tyre; or I use an inner ring, with an interior projecting
rib, to which the discs or side plates are fixed, and this inner ring is formed
with one fixed dovetail or such like side to hold the tyre, and one moveable
ring or side, with a dovetail or such like projection to fit the side (of dovetail
or other form) of the rib or projection formed on the interior of the tyre.
.
In some cases. I roll or form the tyre with two inner flanges or projections,
one at either edge of the tyre, and I use such tyre in parts, or else I form the
body of the wheel in parts; or I employ an inner ring in parts, which fits the
space between the flanges and between the side discs or plates, and I fix the
tyre to the body of the wheel by bolts, which are either fixed by upsetting or
riveting the ends, or by screws and nuts.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
'by the said Daniel Evans in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 21st
August 1861.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, DANIEL
EVANS, of Stratford, in the County of Essex, Engineer, send greeting.
:
WHEREAS Her most Excellent, Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-first day of February, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-one, in the twenty-fourth year of
Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto
me, the said Daniel Evans, Her special licence that I, the said Daniel Evans,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Daniel
Evans, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter. during
the term therein expressed, should; and lawfully might make, use, exercise,
and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE MANUFACTURE OF RAILWAY AND OTHER WHEELS," upon the condition (amongst
others) that I, the said Daniel Evans, my executors or administrators, by
an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and
seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause
the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Daniel Evans, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement thereof, that is to say:
This Invention has for its object improvements in the manufacture of
railway and other wheels. For these purposes the flanged tyre is rolled or
formed with an interior rib or projection, the sides of which are made to incline
to the inner surface of the tyre so as to form a dovetail section or other
section of such like form as will prevent the projecting rib passing outwards
from between two surfaces, one on either side, which combine the tyre with
the nave. These two sides consist of two circular plates or discs formed with
flanges at their outer edges which project inwards, the edges of such flanges
being formed to correspond with the sides of the inner rib or projection on the
tyre so that when the two side plates are fixed in their places no part of the
tyre, though broken into many pieces, will be able to get away or be thrown

page_text: off from the side plates. The nave I prefer to consist of an inner cylinder of
somewhat larger diameter than the central holes or openings through the side
discs or plates, and such cylinder is extended at each end, but of less diameter,
so as to pass through and fit the central openings in the two side plates or
discs, and provision is made for fixing plates or washers on the ends of the
cylindrical nave outside of the side plates or discs. I prefer that the two
side discs or plates should be parallel to each other and vertical. The two
side plates or discs may be fixed together, and to the tyre by bolts passing
through them, and upset or rivetted at their ends, or otherwise fixed.
Figure 1 is a side view, and Figure 2 a vertical section, of a wheel so con-
structed. a is the tyre with an interior rib or projection a¹, the sides of which
incline so that the section as it appears in Figure 2 is of dovetail form;
b, b, are two discs or surfaces, one on either side, which combine the tyre
with the nave; 61, 61, are flanges on the outer edges of these discs. The
flanges project inwards and embrace the rib a' of the tyre to which they are
secured by bolts c, c; d is a cast nave confined between the discs b, b, and
secured to them by bolts d¹; e, e, are washers on which the heads and nuts of
the bolts d¹ rest. I make the discs 6 and the washers e accurately to fit the
nave d, and force the parts together by hydraulic pressure. I produce the
flanges on the discs b by welding a bar of iron around the edge of each disc,
and afterwards turn these flanges and the rib a¹ on the tyre. In some
cases, in place of passing the bolts & through the rib a¹, I pass them under-
neath the same, as is shewn at Figure 3, and in this case I place a tube or
ferrule on the bolt to keep the discs b, b, at the proper distance apart.
Figures 3 and 3b shew respectively a front view and a vertical section of a
complete wheel constructed in this manner. It is lettered to correspond with
the description already given.
I claim as respects this part of my Invention. the constructing a wheel in
the manner described, with a tyre having an interior rib of dovetail or similar
section, and two discs or circular plates with flanges on them embracing the
rib on the tyre. In place of this arrangement I roll or form the tyre with a
flange or projection projecting inwards from one edge of the inner surface of
the tyre, and on the other edge I form a groove all round to receive a pro-
jection on one of the side discs, and I form or affix a ring or rim to the two
side plates or discs at their periphery so as to connect them together and to
receive the tyre. The tyre when in its place is secured from lateral movement
by bolts or rivets.
Figure 4 is a portion of a transverse section of a wheel so constructed:
a is the tyre of the wheel; b, b, two discs similar to the discs already described

page_text: in reference to Figures 1, 2, and 3; 6' is a ring or rim connecting the two
discs, the whole being formed by first welding up a bar to form the hoop b¹,
then clamping the discs b, b, to it, and heating and welding the whole together;
6 is a flange projecting beyond the ring or rim b'. To form it, one of the
discs b¹ is made larger than the other, and is bent up to form the flange; the
whole is then turned to the form required. a¹ is a rib projecting inwards from
one edge of the inner surface of the tyre; a² is a groove formed all round on
the other side of the tyre. In producing this tyre I prefer to weld on the rib a
after the tyre is welded up into a hoop, and afterwards to cut the groove a³ in
a lathe; c are bolts for securing the tyre.
}
As respects this part of my Invention I claim, first, the producing a dise
wheel by forming or affixing a ring or rim 6' to the two side plates or discs at
their periphery so as to connect them together as herein described. Second,
I claim the method of forming and securing the tyre as described.
In some cases in place of forming dovetail or other projecting edges to the
outer circumference of each of the two discs, and a projection with dovetail or
inclined sides on the tyre, as firstly herein described, I form the body of the
wheel in the manner last described with discs connected at the periphery by a
circular ring or rim, and having a projection on one side to enter a groove in
the tyre. I then apply on the other side a ring plate, to keep the flange in
its place, and I bolt the whole together, upsetting or rivetting the bolts at
their ends or fixing them by screws or nuts.
"
Figure 5 is a portion of a transverse section of a wheel so constructed.
a is
the tyre; b, the body of the disc wheel constructed as already described; c, a
ring plate to keep the flange in its place. As respects this part of my Invention
(in addition to the method of constructing the disc wheel as before mentioned)
I claim the method of attaching the flange thereto.
In some cases when using tyres with a projecting inner rib and dovetail or
other suitably formed sides to hold the tyre to the body of the wheel, I in place
of using flanges projecting inwards from the two discs, as firstly herein-before
described, employ an inner ring between the tyre and the body of the wheel.
The interior ring is furnished with an interior projecting rib to which the discs
or side plates are fixed, and this inner ring is formed with one fixed dovetail or
such like side to hold the tyre, and one moveable ring or side with a dovetail
or such like projection to fit the side (of dovetail or other form) of the rib or
projection formed on the interior of the tyre.
Figure 6 is a portion of a transverse section of this arrangement. a is the
tyre; b, the inner ring connecting the body of the wheel with the tyre; c, the
moveable ring with a dovetail or such like projection; d, d, the discs or plates

page_text: forming the body of the wheel; e is one of the bolts employed to secure the
moveable ring c. An inner ring may be employed in a similar manner between
the periphery of an ordinary wheel and its tyre, and connecting the two
together, as is shewn at Figure 7.
As respects this part of my Invention I claim the connecting the tyre and
the body of the wheel by means of an intermediate or inner ring 6 with a
fixed dovetail or such like side, and a moveable ring or side with a dovetail or
such like projection, as herein described.
In some cases I, roll or form the tyre with two inner flanges or projections,
one at either edge of the tyre, and I use such tyre in parts, or else I form the
body of the wheel in parts.
Figure 8 is a portion of a transverse section of a wheel so constructed.
a is the double flanged tyre; b, a portion of a disc wheel constructed as
before described; c rivets securing the parts a and b, the one to the other. I
prefer in this case to make the tyre in two or more parts, but the wheel b
may be made in sections if preferred. As respects this part of my Invention
I claim the employing a tyre with two inner flanges as herein described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Daniel Evans, have hereunto set my
hand. and seal, this Twentieth day. of August, in the year of our
Lord Que thousand eight hundred and sixty-one.
DANIEL EVANS. (..)