IM- PROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF WHEELS FOR MACHINERY, RAILWAY ROLLING STOCK, AND OTHER PURPOSES, AND IN THE APPARATUS TO BE USED THEREFOR."
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Bouton, junior, at the Offic
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 20th July 1877. A communication
from abroad by James Bouron, senior, of South Pittsburg, Tennessee, U.S.A.,
and Albert Livingstone Blackman, of Nashville, Tennessee, U.S.A.
JAMES BOURON, junior, of Stockton-on-Tees, in the County of Durham. "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF WHEELS FOR MACHINERY, RAILWAY ROLLING
STOCK, AND OTHER PURPOSES, AND IN THE APPARATUS TO BE USED THEREFOR." A
communication from abroad by James Bouton, senior, of South Pittsburg, Tennessee,
U.S.A., and Albert Livingstone Blackman, of Nashville, Tennessee, U.S.A.
This Invention relates to certain improvements in the manufacture of wrought or
hammered steel railway car wheels, and cog gear and other wheels, and in the
apparatus to be used therefor, and by means of which such wheels are formed in
one piece. The steel is taken in a molten state, cast into ignots, or, by preference,
directly into wheels of the proper shape and size, allowance being made for loss in
scale, and for proper compression. When cast into ignot shapes the ignot should be
less in diameter than the wheel to be made, so that in hammering the steel will be
drawn from the centre to the periphery to create an uniform fibre radiating from
the centre to the circumference. The mass is then heated to a proper heat, put into
the die provided for that purpose, and hammered into a perfect wheel until the
nature of the metal is changed into that of hammered steel. An ignot of steel is
taken, or a cast-steel wheel of suitable form and size, and heated to a proper heat,
and then put into a die made in the face of the anvil provided for the purpose, and
with a counter die in the face of or attached to the hammer of a direct action steam
hammer operating directly upon it. The mass is hammered until the wheels are
changed from cast steel to the condition and nature of a close fibred finished wrought
or hammered steel wheel.
When the steel is cast into the form of a wheel direct, it is properly heated, put
into the lower die, and hammered until the metal is changed from the nature of cast
to that of hammered steel, the wheel being finished and made into a thoroughly
hammered or wrought-steel wheel by the hammering process. The die used in the
manufacture of the wheel is made in two parts, one part being wrought into the

page_text: "
face of an anvil block or die, which serves as an anvil, the same being "intaglio'
and designed to form one side of the wheel. The other part of the die is
attached to the "trip" or hammer of or piston rod of a direct action steam hammer,
and acts as a hammer, and is designed to form the other side of the wheel. When
the two portions of the die are brought together properly they form a matrix of the
shape and size of the wheel to be made. A mandril is inserted into the lower
portion of the die, and is held in the centre thereof by suitable contrivances for the
purpose of punching or maintaining the size of the hole in the centre of the wheel
for the reception of the axle. The mandril also serves to lift the wheel from the
die, from which it is removed in a finished, perfect, and complete state, and the
mandril being then driven out of the wheel the latter is left ready for use.