MASTERCRUDE OR SOAP
Year: 1859

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Henry Davies, of No. 18, Leicester Buildings, in
King Street, Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, for the Invention
of Tennom MANTRACITE OR SCAR"
King Street, Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, for the Invention
MASTERCRUDE OR SOAP"
Sealed the 8th November 1859, and dated the 11th July 1859.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Henry Davies at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 11th
July 1859.
I, HENRY DAVIES, of No 18, Leicester Buildings, in King Street, Liverpool'
in the County of Lancaster, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SOAP," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in using and combining the materials herein-after
described so as to produce a useful and economical soap. I first take the offal
of slaughtered animals and put them into a pan with about an equal weight of
water, having previously impregnated the water with a small portion of allum
and chromate of potash in order to bleach and deodorise the said offal. I
then boil the same for some time, keeping it in a state called "parboiling," care
being taken to secure the fat or grease that will float on the surface. After
this process I take out the said offal and chop it quite small, I then boil the
same again until it is reduced to a pulp, and when in this state should there
be any discolouring matter, or the contents are not sufficiently bleached, I
would add a further small portion of allum or chromate of potash to complete
the bleaching of the animal matter. In another pan I now put about six
parts of bleached palm oil, bone fat, tallow, or other known vegetable oil, also
about six parts of liquid caustic soda or alkali and about one part of resin. I
boil all these together at a moderate heat and then add by degrees about
fourteen parts of the animal matter herein-before described well stirring it all

page_text: the time until the animal matter is thoroughly amalgamated with the other
materials and thereby fully dissolved or saponified, the whole contents of the
pan are then removed into the "frames" and there well "crutched "until well
settled, and in order to remove any unpleasant smell that may remain during
the "crutching" I would add to each frame about half a pound of mirbane
perfume. The quantities of the several materials are varied as I may desire
to increase or diminish the cleansing properties of the soap.
In order to prevent the offal from burning during the process, I fit into the
bottom of the pan a kind of grid or false bottom to keep the contents away
from the fire.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patont, filed
by the said Henry Davies in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
9th January 1860.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, HENRY
DAVIES, of No 13, Leicester Buildings, in King Street, Liverpool, in the
County of Lancaster, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing dato the Eleventh day of July, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and fifty-nine, in the twenty-third year of Her reign,
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said
Henry Davies, Her special licence that I, the said Henry Davies, my execu-
tors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Henry Davies,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and
no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein
expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within
the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and
Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MADUFACTURE OF SOAP,"
upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Henry Davies, my ex-
ecutors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my or their or one
of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the naturo
of the
t as the came we to be performed, and
cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Henry Davies, do hereby declare the
nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the follow-
ing statement.

page_text: My Invention consists in using and combining the materials herein-after
described, so as to produce a useful and economical soap.
I divide my
Invention into two parts, as follows:-First division.-I take the cleansed
offals of slaughtered animals, and to about sixty pounds of these offals, put
into a tub, I add two gallons of clear lime water (about one pound of un-
slacked lime to each gallon of water,) also one pound of alum dissolved in
hot water. The contents of the tub are well stirred for about forty minutes,
until the offals are bleached, when the offals are washed in clean water, and
allowed to drain for a short time. The offals are then put into a pan with
about one gallon of liquid caustic soda (16 degrees), together with about one
gallon of water in which one pound of chloride of lime has been dissolved,
which are boiled down to a fatty matter by dry steam or a moderate fire heat;
the boiling throws off the amonia, and divests it of all impurities until it is
fit for use.
.
Second division. I then place in another pan about twenty pounds of
bleached palm oil, bone fat, tallow, or any animal or vegetable oil, ten pounds
of liquid caustic soda, or alkali, and two pounds of pale resin; these are
boiled with a moderate heat until saponified. I then add about sixty pounds
of the fatty matter, " 'working it close," the boiling is continued until the
saponification is complete. The mass is then removed into the frame, and is
there well "crutched" or mixed until it is firmly settled. Under this
division I propose to vary the quantity used as may desire to increase or
decrease the cleansing power of the soap.
Having thus described the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner
the same is to be performed, I would have it understood that I do not confine
myself to the precise quantities in the details herein set forth, but what I do
claim is the general manner of working and combination of materials to form
a soap as herein set forth and described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Henry Davies, have hereunto set my
hand, this Seventh day of January, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and sixty.
Witness,
WILLIAM OKILL, Merchant,
of No. 27, King Street, Liverpool.
HENRY DAVIES. (L.B.)