IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR STRETCHING WOVEN FABRICS to be as follows
Year: 1885

page_text: We JOHN HAWTHORN and JOHN PEMBERTON LIDDELL of the firm of John
Hawthorn and Company of the Canal Foundry, Newtown in the County of
Chester, Machinists, do hereby declare the nature of the said invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR STRETCHING WOVEN FABRICS to be as
follows:
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Our Invention relates to the stretching rollers employed in machinery used in
the treatment of woven fabrics. Such rollers as ordinarily constructed have their
peripheries formed in segments which are caused to slide in directions parallel with
the axis the sections at the two ends of the roller sliding in opposite directions
from and toward the centre of the roller. To guide these sections in their sliding
movements pieces fixed to the sections slide in ways prepared in blocks which are
fixed to the roller shaft at intervals throughout the length of the roller there being
a great number of bearings which require to be lubricated and which from their
position are liable to damage the woven fabric by the transmission of dirty oil.
To remedy these defects and to simplify the construction of the roller we secure
each section to or form it upon a bar which is guided to move to and fro in the
required manner by means of bearings in the two end blocks only, these bearings
being in all cases outside the selvedges of the fabric so that there is not a single
bearing or part requiring to be lubricated in the length of roller directly occupied
by the fabric being stretched. To impart the necessary sliding movement we
employ star wheels which are fitted to revolve upon turned blocks which are
canted upon the roller axis the amount of inclination being capable of being
adjusted to the requirements. The said star wheels are formed or provided with
ball shaped or suitably shaped projections which enter cups or recesses formed in
the ends of the sections or in parts projecting therefrom. We may vary this
method of giving motion to the sections as found to be most suitable in each case.
We prefer that the bearings for the sliding bars which carry the sections shall be
drilled or bored the parts sliding therein being turned. In a construction which
we consider to be suitable each bar is turned at each end but these turned parts
have separate axes which are parallel to each other so that taking the two bars for
any two sections which are in line two corresponding ends of the bars slide in
bearings which are in line with one another or thereabouts the other corresponding
ends sliding in bearings which are in line but are nearer to the roller axis or are
otherwise situated on different lines to the hearings for the other ends. These bars
are suitably bent or shaped to pass each other. Parts of the sections are in contact

page_text: with blocks upon the roller shaft to maintain the sections in their proper circular
positions. This construction may be varied by using two bearings for one end of
each bar or for both ends or by making the bearings and the parts which slide
therein of such forms as will ensure the maintainence of the sections in the required
positions.
Improvements in Apparatus for Stretching Woven Fabrics.
We JOHN HAWTHORN and JOHN PEMBERTON LIDDELL of the firm of John
Hawthorn and Company of the Canal Foundry, Newtown in the County of Chester,
Machinists do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN STRETCHING ROLLERS" and in what manner the same is to be performed to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement and
accompanying drawings:-
Our Invention relates to the stretching rollers employed in machinery used in
the treatment of woven fabrics. Such rollers as ordinarily constructed have their
peripheries formed in segments which are caused to slide in directions parallel with
the axis the sections at the two ends of the roller sliding in opposite directions
from and toward the centre of the roller. To guide these sections in their sliding
movements pieces fixed to the sections slide in ways prepared in blocks which are
fixed to the roller shaft at intervals throughout the length of the roller there
being a great number of bearings which require to be lubricated and which from
their position are liable to damage the woven fabric by the transmission of dirty
oil. To remedy these defects and to simplify the construction of the roller we
secure each section to or form it upon a bar which is guided to move to and fro in
the required manner by means of bearings in the two end blocks only.
Our Invention will be more clearly understood when described with reference to
the accompanying drawings which are made to a scale of about three inches to the
foot. In the said drawings Fig. 1 is a sectional representation of the roller, Fig. 2
illustrates the formation of the bars which carry the sections and Fig. 3 is a view
of one end of the roller. In the said Figs. a. a¹ are the sections which are curved
so as by their juxtaposition around a central axis to form a roller six pairs of
sections constituting the acting surface of the roller in the example selected for
illustration. The outer surfaces of these sections are cut, toothed or otherwise
roughened as is usual to enable them to take hold of the fabric. The two sections a.

page_text: and a¹ in each pair are designed to slide away from each other in lines which are
parallel with the axis of the roller so that any two sections which meet together
at their inner ends at one part of the roller as in the cases of the sections which
appear at the bottom of Fig. 1 will during a half revolution of the roller move
apart in opposite directions into the positions of the sections at the top of the
same Fig, or into positions more or less apart as may be desired. The sections are
secured to bars b. 61 which are guided to move in lines of direction which aro
parallel with the axis of the roller. The bearings of these bars are formed in
two blocks c. c. which are secured upon the ends of a tube d. which is mounted to
revolve upon a fixed shaft c. The two ends of each bar are turned to slide in
holes ffwhich are drilled or bored in the blocks c. the said ends being turned
on different centres so that the axes of the turned parts whilst being parallel to
each other are not in line as clearly appears in Fig. 1. The bearings f. are formed
in two sets one set being nearer to the roller axis than the other. One end of each
bar slides in one of the outer bearings f. in one block and the other end slides in
one of the inner bearings f' in the other block. In the example the bearing for
one end which we will term the tail end of the bar b¹ is below and on the same
radial line as the bearing for the opposite or head end of the other bar b. in each
pair which carry two sections which are in line. This disposition of the bearings
makes it necessary to crank or bend the bars so that they will pass each other as
indicated in Fig. 2. The formation of the bars may however be varied to effect
the same object as for example they may be forked to enable one to pass between
another, or one of the section in each pair may be carried by two bars the other
section being carried by one which passes between the other two. When forked
bars are used the forked end may slide in two bearings and the other end in one
bearing only. It will be seen that the bars are prevented from turning round by
reason of one of the bearings for each bar being nearer to the roller axis than the
other but we do not confine ourselves to this relative disposition of the bearings
as the employment of two bearings for one end or for each end of a bar would
effect the same object or the bearings might be made of a shape which would have
the desired effect. As all the bearings for the sliding bars are in all cases outside
the selvedges of the fabric there is not a single bearing requiring to be lubricated
in the length of roller directly occupied by the fabric being stretched so that the
tendency for the fabric to be damaged by oil from the bearings is greatly lessened
if not entirely obviated. To impart the necessary sliding movement to the bars
we employ star wheels g. g. which are fitted to revolve upon turned blocks h h.
which are mounted upon fulcrum pins i. so that they can be canted upon the roller
axis the amount of inclination of the said star wheels from a position at right-
angles with the said axis determining the degree of movement of the sliding
sections. Fig. 4 is an end view showing one of the said star wheels g.
blocks are connected by means of hinged bolts k. with the fixed end standards l.
which carry the roller shaft. By turning adjusting nuts upon the said bolts the
inclination of the star wheels can be regulated. Each star wheel is formed with
ball shaped projections g¹ which enter cups m. upon the ends of the sliding bars
the result being that as the roller revolves the bars and as a consequence the
sections are alternately pushed inward and drawn outward. We may vary this
method of giving motion to the sections as considered to be most desirable in each
case. The roller as represented is suitable for use in cases wherein the fabric to be
stretched is drawn over the roller. In cases wherein it would be desirable to
positively drive the roller the roller shaft would be mounted to revolve in bearings
and the star wheels or other parts taking their places would be stationery.
The
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said
Invention and in what manner the same is to be performed we declare that what
we claim is
1. The combination of parts forming the roller for stretching fabrics substantially
as set forth and indicated hereinbefore and in and by the accompanying drawings.

page_text: 2. In a roller for stretching fabrics, forming the sliding or moving sections upon
or fixing the same to sliding bars or parts having their lubricated bearings only in
the ends, blocks, discs or collars which are outside the selvedges of the fabric or
otherwise are wider apart than the width of the fabric which the roller is designed
to operate upon substantially as set forth and indicated.
3. In a stretching roller the sections a. a¹ secured to or formed upon bars b. bl
which are turned in two places to slide in bearings f. f1 which are bored in the
two end blocks c. c. of the roller substantially as and for the purpose set forth and
indicated.
4. In combination with a stretching roller having sections moving in lines
parallel with the common axis of motion the star wheels fitted to revolve upon
parts which can be more or less inclined, and connected with the sections or parts
carrying the same substantially as set forth and indicated.
Dated this 16th day of October 1885.
EDWARD K. DUTTON,
Agent,
1, St. James Square, Manchester.