matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN PRESERVING MEAT AND IN APPARATUS THEREFOR
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Peter Jensen at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 27th
October 1875.-A communication from abroad by Theodor
Achtelstetter, of Nüremberg, in Bavaria, and Sigismund von
Sawiczewsky, of Vienna, in Austria.
I, PETER JENSEN, of Chancery Lane, London, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PRESERVING MEAT AND
IN APPARATUS THEREFOR," (a communication to me from abroad by
Theodor Achtelstetter, of Nüremberg, in Bavaria, and Sigismund von
| Sawiczewsky, of Vienna, in Austria,) to be as follows:-
According to this Invention the flesh of cattle or other animals, game,
birds, or fishes, is carefully separated and cleansed from the sinews,
bones, skin, and other such parts, and while fresh cut into rather small
even pieces, and placed for about an hour in fresh water containing
some natron bi-carbonicum. The best proportions are about 10 grammes
of natron bi-carbonicum to about 10 litres of water, but this proportion
is not of so great importance. The meat is then rinsed several times in
fresh water and placed in a vacuum of about 26 or 27 inches of.
mercury; here it remains for one to two hours, the vacuum being

page_text: maintained; while there it is then sprinkled with a weak alcoholic
solution of salycylic acid until it is perfectly covered by it. A suitable
proportion is made of 5 grammes of acid, 30 grammes of alcohol, and
100 litres of water. As the air practically has been removed the
solution enters the pores of the meat thoroughly, all being cool. The
meat is then packed with salt in tins so as just to be covered by the
solution, and hard frozen by a natural or artificial cold. The tins are
then covered by means of a double bottomed or box cover practically
excluding the air, the cover is soldered air-tight and then hard frozen in
its place. The tins are then kept some days in an ice cellar or
American ice box, the air in the double cover forming a cushion and
preventing the bursting of the tin. The tins can then be kept or
forwarded to their destination in any desired manner; the meat keeps
perfectly fresh and savory as if fresh killed; this has been found to be
the case 3 and 4 months after the preparation, as aforesaid.
IMPROVED Means OB APPARATUS FOR PREVENTING SPLASHING WHEN WALKING
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Rowloy at tho Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 11th January
1875.
I, JOHN ROWLEY, of Camberwell, in the County of Surrey, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVED Means
OB APPARATUS FOR PREVENTING SPLASHING WHEN WALKING," to be as
follows:-
This Invention relates to improvements in the method of constructing
and applying guards or shields around the heels and soles of boots and
shoes to protect the wearer from splashing the clothes when walking in
muddy or dirty strects or places. For this purposo I attach or apply a
guard or shield usually to the back part of the heel of a boot or shoe,
although such shield may if desired be applied around the sole also.
This guard or shield may be made according to my improvements, either
of india-rubber, gutta percha, leather, wood, metal, or other suitable
material, and arranged so as to project about an inch (more or less)
around the heel of the wearer, being attached thereto by means of an
elastic band or otherwise.

page_text: The shield may if desired be tubular, and so formed as not to appear
unsightly or peculiar. In place of being attached and detached, it may
if required be permanently affixed and applied so as to be placed in
position when necessary, this part of my improvements being applicable
to galoshes and clogs.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CLOTHES HORSES AND OTHER FOLDING FRAMES
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Garrett Tongue at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
14th December 1875.-A communication from abroad by Charles
Townsend Rowe, of Brooklyn, New York, United States of
America.
I, JOHN GARRETT TONGUE, of the Firm of Tongue and Birkbeck,
Patent Agents and Engineers, of 34, Southampton Buildings, Chancery
Lane, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN CLOTHES HORSES AND OTHER FOLDING
FRAMES," a communication to me from abroad by Charlès Townsend
Rowe, of Brooklyn, New York, United States of America, to be as
follows:-
This Invention relates to improvements in the construction of clothes
horses and other folding frames, whereby great stability is obtained,
considerable hanging and drying accommodation being afforded in a
comparatively small compass. Such frames, when out of use, readily
fold close together so as to occupy but little space. For this purpose a
series of rectangular frames are constructed, having a series of horizontal

page_text: bars, upon which clothes or other articles may be hung or suspended.
The top and bottom bars of two or more of these frames are connected
together at or near. the center by pins or axes on which the frames can
rotate, in order that they may be placed at any desired angle to each
other, by which crosswise arrangement great stability is given to the
series of frames thus combined together, the horizontal bars affording
considerable accommodation for drying clothes or for other purposes in
a limited area
IMPROVEMENTS IN SELF-ACTING COUPLINGS FOR RAILWAY ENGINES, CARRIAGES, AND TRUCKS
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Kilburn, John Edward
Kilburn, Elijah Greenwood, and Francis Rigby at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on the 2nd December
1875.
We, RICHARD KILBURN and JOHN EDWARD KILBURN, both of
Pendleton, in the County of Lancaster, Mechanics, ELIJAH GREEN-
WOOD, of the same Place, Wiredrawer, and FRANCIS RIGBY, of Salford,
in the same County, Wire Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN SELF-ACTING COUPLINGS FOR
RAILWAY ENGINES, CARRIAGES, AND TRUCKS," to be as follows:-
Our improved couplings consist of a hook and incline at the end of
the ordinary draw bar, and of a cross shaft passing through the draw bar
extending on each side to near the buffers, each end of the cross shaft
being provided with a handle. To this shaft is hinged a bridle which is
held in a horizontal position by a stop pin.
When one carriage approaches another the bridle of one slides up the
incline and drops into the hook of the other, thereby coupling the two

page_text: together and forming an automatic double coupling, and when it is
desired to uncouple the carriages the attendant by leaning over the
buffer, and without passing between the ends of the carriages can reach
the handle on the cross shaft to turn it partly round or sufficiently to
unhook the bridle.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN HIGH PRESSURE STEAM, Water, or OTHER VALVES
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Arthur Lawledge Spikes
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 28th July 1875.
I, JOHN ARTHUR LAWLEDGE SPIKES, of Handsworth, in the County
of Stafford, Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of my said
Invention for “CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN HIGH PRESSURE STEAM, Water, or
OTHER VALVES," to be as follows, that is to say :—
My Invention has for its object the controlling the flow ways of
steam, water, or other fluids, which I effect by a loose spherical valve
held between a corresponding concave seat and a corresponding concave
collar placed in a line direct from the seat through the spherical valve,
and against which collar the screw adjuster or other equivalent means
for liberating or holding down the valve on its seat is placed; but if a
screw is used for this purpose I construct a cap with a flange corre-
sponding with the flange on the valve barrel, the two flanges being held
together by screws to make them steam, water, or air-tight In this
cap a stuffing box is formed for the shank of the screw to pass through,
the stuffing box being made with a cap that may be screwed down, so as

page_text: to compress the packing tightly around the shank of the controlling
screw, to the end of which I apply a circular wheel or other means for
actuating the screw, by which the valve is freed or held down on its
seat. The reverse end of the valve barrel I adapt for receiving the valve
seat, adjusted by being tapped and screwed, the concentric portion of
which is removed to form the flow way, and I also form by preference a
flange to this part of the valve barrel to unite the said valve barrel to
the ingress pipe, having a corresponding flange which forms a sound
mode of uniting such parts.
The egress or escape way is placed above the valve seat, and may take 1
a direct angular form or curved in any suitable direction, terminating by
preference with a flange for uniting it to a connecting flow way.
Instead of the ingress being placed direct and centrally through the
valve barrel, the bottom of the valve barrel may be secured with a
circular plate of the diameter of the flange of the barrel, and the ingress 1
admitted in any curved or angular way to the centre of the valve barrel
below the valve seat, so that by these means my improved valve may
applied in any position that situation and the flow ways may require,
and may be used vertically, horizontally, or at any intermediate angle.
be
IMPROVEMENTS IN LOCKING SCREW NUTS
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edwin William Ball at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
15th June 1875.
I, EDWIN WILLIAM BALL, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick,
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN LOCKING SCREW NUTS," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists of the improvements in locking screw nuts
herein-after described, whereby the unlocking of the screw nut is
prevented either by the turning of the screw or by the jarring or vibration
of the parts carrying the screw and screw nut.
I make in the screw a longitudinal groove extending from the point
to the head of the screw and parallel to the axis of the screw. I also
make a washer, having in its central hole a projection of a size and form
proper to fit in the groove in the screw; the said washer is of somewhat
larger diameter than the screw nut. The washer being placed upon the
screw the screw nut is screwed home upon the screw, the said screw nut
bearing upon the washer. In case a rotatory motion is given to the
screw the washer is carried with it in consequence of the engagement

page_text: of the projection of the washer in the groove in the screw, and as the
screw nut bears upon the washer the screw in case it moves carries
the nut with it, and there is no loosening of the screw nut on the
screw.
In order to prevent the loosening of the screw nut by jarring or
vibration the edge of the washer is raised or turned up opposite one or
more of the faces of the screw nut, after the said screw nut has been
screwed home; the screw nut is thereby prevented from turning upon
the washer and cannot be loosened by jarring or vibration. When it is
wished to remove the screw nut the turned up edge of the washer is bent
down into the same plane as the other part of the washer when the
screw nut may be turned. The turning up of the washer may be
effected by a blunt chisel, and the turned up part may be bent down
when necessary by the use of a hammer.
My Invention is especially applicable to the locking of the screw nuts
of the screws used for fish jointing the rails of railways, but is also
applicable to the locking of the nuts of screws generally.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SINK AND OTHER TRAPS
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Middleton at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 23rd April
1875.
I, JOHN MIDDLETON, of Leeds, in the County of York, Lithographic
Printer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN SINK AND OTHER TRAPS," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to effectually prevent sewer gas from
entering dwelling houses. This result I attain by relieving the water
joints of sink and other traps from the pressure of sewer gas, and
providing a free escape for the same into the open air.
In applying my Invention to sink traps I form, say, a rectangular or
other shaped box, which may be made of cast iron or other suitable
material. This box I provide with a transverse partition which forms
with one side of the box a receptacle for a given depth of water; into
this receptacle dips a transverse partition which will allow of the sink
water passing under it and so escaping from the trap, but will form
a barrier for the passage of the sewer gas to the grating of the trap.

page_text: The box I form at top and bottom with ring sockets, to which pipes
are to be fitted, the one leading down to the sewer and the other
upwards to the open air. By this means I provide a free passage for the
ascending gases, and I thus remove all tendency for the gases to force
their way through the water joint into the house. It will be obvious
that this Invention is applicable to the traps of cistern and bath overflow
pipes, and also to the traps of waterclosets.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE TREATMENT OF CINDERS OR SLAGS FROM THE REHEATING, AND from the PUDDLING FURNACES, Hammer, or MILL SCALES, AND' IRON ORES, FOR THE PRODUCTION OF FOUNDRY AND FORGE PIG IRON
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Albert Sauvée at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 9th August
1875. A communication from abroad by Monsieur Michel Helson,
of Hautmont, Nord, in the Republic of France.
I, ALBERT SAUVÉE, of 22, Parliament Street, in the County of Mid-
dlesex, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-.
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE TREATMENT OF CINDERS OR SLAGS FROM THE
REHEATING, AND from the PUDDLING FURNACES, Hammer, or MILL SCALES, AND'
IRON ORES, FOR THE PRODUCTION OF FOUNDRY AND FORGE PIG IRON," a commu-
nication from abroad by Monsieur Michel Helson, of Hautmont, Nord,
in the Republic of France, to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in a new mode of treating cinders or slag
from the reheating and from the puddling furnaces, hammer or mill
scales, and also iron ores, whose reduction is difficult for the production
of foundry or forge pig iron.
By the ordinary process the tap or flue cinders cannot be readily
reduced, and when smelted in conjunction with iron ores, they reach the

page_text: hearth in an insufficiently prepared state, and there-effect-a-partial
decarburation of the pig iron.
The object of this Invention is to obviate this by means of a new
mode of treatment, which can be readily applied to the complete
reduction of tap or flue cinders.
The cinders which run from the tap hole drop into a tub or tank
holding about ten cubic feet of water. By falling through the water
they are granulated and reach the bottom of the tub in fragments,
varying in size from a nut down to a mere grain. When in that state
and cooled, they are lifted by means of a bucket chain or other suitable
mechanical appliance into one of Carr's or any other disintegrator, and
there, mixed with coal, they are reduced to a powder. The coke ovens
are then charged with the mixture as usual, and in twenty-four hours
the charge is withdrawn..
The proportion of the two substances will of course vary according to
circumstance, but by using 1 part of cinders in weight to 5 parts of coal,
coke of good quality, and which does not disintegrate, will be produced.
During the coking the reduction of the powdered cinders has been
completed, and when the coke is afterwards used in smelting the whole
of the iron contained in the cinders is found in the pig iron produced.
The foundry pig iron thus obtained is as good as if produced by smelting
first class iron ore.
IMPROVEMENTS APPLICABLE TO RAILWAY POINTS AND SWITCH BARS, AND IN THE MEANS OF KEEPING THE SAME FREE FROM OBSTRUCTIONS
Year: 1875

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Brierley, Frederick Wade Brierley, and
Walter Wright Brierley, all of Kilburn, in the County of Middle-
sex, Railway Signal Engineers, and Francis Samuel Reynolds, of
Edgware Road, in the same County, Surveyor, for the Invention
of "IMPROVEMENTS APPLICABLE TO RAILWAY POINTS AND SWITCH BARS, AND
IN THE MEANS OF KEEPING THE SAME FREE FROM OBSTRUCTIONS."
Sealed the 30th November 1875, and dated the 2nd June 1875.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Brierley, Frederick
Wade Brierley, and Walter Wright Brierley, and Francis Samuel
Reynolds at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 2nd June 1875.
1
We, JOHN BRIERLEY, FREDERICK WADE BRIERLEY, and WALTER
WRIGHT BRIERLEY, all of Kilburn, in the County of Middlesex, Railway
Signal Engineers, and FRANCIS SAMUEL REYNOLDS, of Edgware Road,

page_text: or other obstruction that may be found thereon to a position above the
level of the rail.
In order to discharge the obstructing substance from off the surface
of the rising plate a lateral tipping or tilting motion is given to the plate
when it has risen to the proper height. This is effected by causing the
lifting rod to continue to rise after the plate has attained its greatest
altitude. By continuing the motion of the hand lever of the shifting
gear the metal plate of the obstruction remover will be lowered again to
its original position below the level of the bottom of the movable point
by the action of the counter inclines on the transverse bar. The
movable point may then be moved laterally over the sunken metal
plate, and will close the point. The corresponding point on the other
side will at the same time be opened; and in order to prevent it from
being accidentally shifted and partially closed it will be locked by the
movable plate of the obstruction remover being raised between the
point and the rail to such an extent so as to secure the former, but not
so much as to offer an obstruction to the flange of an advancing
carriage.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BUTTONS AND IN THE MODE OR METHOD OF ATTACHING SAME TO WEARING APPAREL, BOOTS, SHOES, AND OTHER ÅRTICLES
Year: 1875

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Read, of Brighton, in the County of
Sussex, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN BUTTONS AND IN THE
MODE OR METHOD OF ATTACHING SAME TO WEARING APPAREL, BOOTS, SHOES,
AND OTHER ÅRTICLES.”`
Sealed the 28th May 1875, and dated the 2nd February 1875.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Read at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 2nd February 1875.
I, WILLIAM READ, of Brighton, in the County of Sussex, do hereby
5 declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN BUTTONS
AND IN THE MODE OR METHOD OF ATTACHING SAME TO WEARING APPAREL, BOOTS,
SHOES AND OTHER ÅRTICLES” to be as follows
•

page_text: are more easily and expeditiously attached than by the ordinary process
of stitching or sewing. A capped tube is employed and a shank is
formed on the capped end of said tube, which shank interlocks with
the shank of the button. The tube is punched through the leather,
fabric, or other material, or is passed through a hole or perforation
therein, and the uncapped end is split and spread by means of a punch
or forceps as in eyleting, thus forming the attachment.
The shank which interlocks with the shank of the button is formed by
passing a piece of wire through the said button shank, then passing the
ends of said wire through perforations in the disc which caps the tube,
and thence under the disc outwards through a hole or perforation on
each side of the said tube, when the ends of the wire are finished off
flush with the edge of the disc or cap.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SOAPS, POMADES, COSMETICS, AND OTHER SIMILAR ARTICLES
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederick John Cleaver at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
8th December 1875.
I, FREDERICK JOHN CLEAVER, of the Firm of F. S. Cleaver and Sons,
of Red Lion Street, Holborn, in the County of Middlesex, Manu-
facturers, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN SOAPS, POMADES, COSMETICS, AND OTHER SIMILAR ARTICLES,"
to be as follows:-
For the purposes of this Invention I combine with soap while in its
liquid or remelted state the article of commerce known as terebene, so
that when combined a new disenfectant shall be produced.
I also combine terebene with toilet creams, cosmetics, pomades, and
other similar articles.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF FRUIT PRESERVES
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Aubrey Moss at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
13th November 1875.
I, CHARLES AUBREY Moss, of Wenlock Street, in the County of
Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF FRUIT PRESERVES," to be as
follows:-
My Invention relates to the manufacture of fruit preserves, or what I
term "solid jams," which may either be eaten in the solid form as a
sweetmeat, or it may be brought to a semi-liquid condition like ordinary
jam by dilution with water, and the Invention consists chiefly in the
employment as the base or body of jams or preserves of various kinds
of a composition of sugar, apples, and gelatine prepared in the following
manner, and to which different flavorings are added, according to the
kind of jam to be made:-I boil, say, 4 lbs. of apples in water until
cooked, and then press the same through a sieve to extract the solid
portions; I then add 8 lbs. of sugar, and boil the two together until of
a sufficient consistency. 12 oz. of gelatine, which has been previously

page_text: softened by soaking in cold water, is then liquefied by heat and added to
the above compound of sugar and apples. The whole is flavored with
fruit essences and tartaric acid, and colored with vegetable extracts, and
then poured into tins to cool and set. When cold it is removed from
the tins and cut into pieces of suitable size, which may be coated with
sugar crystals and wafer paper. It is then ready for consumption or for
packing in tins.
In the case of raspberry preserve, instead of flavoring with a fruit
essence, I use, say 4 lbs. of ordinary raspberry jam, and in this case I
use a greater quantity of gelatine, viz., 1 lb. instead of 12 oz., as before
mentioned.
1
A great advantage of this improved fruit preserve is that it is not
liable to be prejudicially affected by humidity, will keep longer than
ordinary jam, and is more convenient for transport.
THE NEW OB IMPROVED METHOD OF FASTENING AND UNFASTENING THE STUD, SLEEVE LINK, AND SOLITAIRE BY MEANS OF THE SCREW PRINCIPLE
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Marius Antony Pradier at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the.
8th July 1875.
I, MARIUS ANTONY PRADIER, of 7, Bedford Street, Bedford Square, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "THE NEW OB
IMPROVED METHOD OF FASTENING AND UNFASTENING THE STUD, SLEEVE LINK, AND
SOLITAIRE BY MEANS OF THE SCREW PRINCIPLE," to be as follows:-
The back of the stud sleeve links and solitairs are cut so that there are
two points, one in the centre near the pillar of the stud, and one on the
outer edge. If the point on the outer edge be inserted into the button
holo and the stud turned it screws into the shirt; and then if turned the
reverse way the point near the centre or pillar of the stud re-enters the
button hole, by which means it screws easily out.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF AND IN APPARATUS FOR CASTING RAIN- WATER PIPES AND GUTTERS AND SIMILAR ARTICLES
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alexander Findlay Morrison
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 30th December 1875.
I, ALEXANDER FINDLAY MORRISON, of Manchester, in the County of
Lancaster, Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF AND IN APPARATUS FOR CASTING RAIN-
WATER PIPES AND GUTTERS AND SIMILAR ARTICLES," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates principally to the cast-iron rain water pipes and
gutters, but may also be applicable in the casting of pipes or conduits
for other purposes.
When producing the said rain water pipes, I
employ a "three-part." mould and a hollow perforated "core bar." The
said mould is formed of iron, steel, fire-clay, stone, or other material
capable of permanently retaining the form required to impart the
external form to the pipe. The material I now consider to be most
suitable for the said mould is cast iron, and when using such material I
make the said mould of three castings, a bed casting, and two upper
castings hinged to the said bed casting. When the mould is closed the
two upper castings meet together, and in the edges so meeting are
and
for the
formed grooves which constitute the gates passages
escape
of

page_text: air and vapour, and in the said edges are also formed grooves or recesses
to receive the "chaplet" or chaplets. The interior of the mould is
bored out or finished to impart the outer form to the pipe. The core bar
is supported in a central position within the mould by means of pieces,
fixed or movable, on the lower part of the mould. The said core bar is
hollow, and is perforated at intervals from end to end, or thereabouts,
to facilitate the escape of air and vapour.
When casting pipes a core is formed on the core bar, and is placed in
position, and the mould is closed and the metal is run.in. The upper
parts of the mould are then turned back and the core and pipe are
removed, and a fresh core placed within the mould.
I may employ conducting or non-conducting matters to regulate the
heat of the mould or to check the transmission of heat, or I may cause
water or steam to circulate through passages in the shell or casing of the
mould. If considered to be desirable the castings may be placed in an
annealing furnace or chamber after being removed from the mould.
IMPROVEMENTS IN AND APPLICABLE TO PRINTING MACHINES
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Thompson King at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
18th March 1875.—A communication from abroad by David Hunter
Brandon, of Paris, in the Republic of France, Engineer.
I, JOHN THOMPSON KING, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster,
Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN AND APPLICABLE TO PRINTING MACHINES," a communication
to me from abroad by David Hunter Brandon, of Paris, in the Republic
of France, Engineer, to be as follows:—
This Invention which relates to that class of printing machines in
which reciprocating tables are used, has for its main object, (1) to
supersede the hand feeding of separate sheets of paper heretofore
necessary; (2) to ensure more accurate register; and (3) to reduce the
cost for labour and printing.
In carrying this Invention into practice a web of paper as ordinarily
produced at a modern paper mill is fed between revolving propelling
rolls to perforating apparatus.

page_text: The said perforating apparatus almost severs the web into sheets of the
required size. The perforated web travels onwards to the feed table (as
used for hand feeding), where at the proper time the end is seized by the
dropping bar or by grippers, and the perforated sheet is detached from
the web and carried automatically, that is, without hand assistance
forward to the former.
IMPROVEMENTS IN WEAVING ORNAMENTAL FABRICS
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Strachan at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 18th
October 1875.
I, JAMES STRACHAN, of Paisley, in the County of Renfrew, North
Britain, Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN WEAVING ORNAMENTAL FABRICS," to be as
follows, that is to say :-
This Invention relates to improvements in weaving, whereby orna-
mental fabrics of a novel kind are obtained in a simple and economical
manner.
In carrying out the Invention figuring harness is employed in com-
bination with a series of differently colored wefts, as in weaving Paisley
shawls and similar fabrics.
The improved fabric is two-faced or reversible, but instead of being
like most reversible fabrics of this class in having similar figuring on
both faces it is woven so that a rich figuring extends entirely over one
face or side, whilst on the other side there is a large unfigured centre
and a comparatively narrow border of figuring; thus one side of a shawl

page_text: woven in this way may present a full bright colored pattern, whilst the
other side may be of a quiet and different character,
The desired result is obtained by operating with the portion of warps
appertaining to the face and part of the fabric, that is, to have the
unfigured centre separately from the corresponding warps interwoven in
forming the other or figured face; the portion of warps thus separately
operated on are worked with one or more special shuttles being shed
for their own weft, and being raised out of the way for the figuring
wefts by an ordinary heddle mounting; or the pattern harness may be
arranged to act either alone or with heddles on the warps of the
unfigured centre, but not quite so economically or conveniently. The
unfigured centre is thus woven as a distinct ply, so that there are two
plies of fabric, except at the borders, which are woven as single ply,
the whole warps and wefts being interwoven in the borders. The
unfigured centre ply is however connected to the figured ply at numerous
points, so as to keep the two plies evenly and properly together.
The improved mode of weaving does not necessarily involve the use
of more warps than are employed in weaving certain known kinds of
reversible figured fabrics.
IMPROVEMENTS IN AIR COMPRESSORS
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by David Greig, John Short, and
John George Weeks at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 4th September 1875.
WC, DAVID GREIG, of the Steam Plough Works, Leeds, in the County
of York, JOHN SHORT, and JOHN GEORGE WEEKS, both of Bedlington
Colliery, Bedlington, in the County of Northumberland, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN AIR
COMPRESSORS," to be as follows :—
The Invention consists of improvements in the inlet and outlet valves
of air compressors.
The inlet valves are actuated by cams so arranged that the valves are
opened at the commencement of each stroke of the piston, and are kept
open during the full stroke.
The outlet valves are compound and constructed with a lesser valve
in the cover of the main valve; the smaller valves opening as soon as
the pressure of the compressed air in the cylinder slightly exceeds the
pressure of air in the delivery pipes, thus bringing the two into
cquilibrium.
A NEW OR IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR SHEARING SHEEP OR OTHER ANIMALS
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederick York Wolseley at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
3rd April 1875.
I, FREDERICK YORK WOLSELEY, of Elmina Monkstown, in the
County of Dublin, do hereby declare the nature of my said Invention
for "A NEW OR IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR SHEARING SHEEP OR OTHER ANIMALS,"
to be as follows:-
The Invention relates to that class of instrument employed for clipping
or shearing in which a top cutter plate provided with a number of small
cutting teeth is caused to reciprocate over a bottom comb or plate for
the purpose of cutting hair or wool from sheep, horses, or other animals,
the object of the Invention being more particularly designed for trans-
mitting to the said top or cutter plate a rapid reciprocatory or vibratory
motion by self-acting mechanism.
The improvements consist in adapting to the cutting or shearing
instrument an arrangement of mechanism composed of a train or
number of wheels, having as their prime mover a coiled spring enclosed
in a box or case suitably situated on the framework of the machine, the
whole of which is of light construction. The said coiled spring when

page_text: wound
up similar to the spring of a clock transmits motion through the
train of wheels aforesaid to a crank or other equivalent communicating
with the cutter plate, the action of which when the spring is running
down gives a rapid reciprocating motion to the teeth, which with
facility and expedition shears the hair or wool from the animal
operated on.
The motion of the cutter plate is under the control of the operator,
so that its speed may be reduced, accelerated, or stopped at will. This
is effected by means of a brake or other equivalent in connection with
the prime mover; thus it will be seen that when the mechanism giving :
motion to the cutter plate is wound up and the shears applied to the
animal the quick reciprocating motion of the cutting teeth of such
instrument-will-cffectually remove the hair or wool automatically from
the animal by the mere action of applying and guiding the course of the
cutting plates thereto by the operator.
IMPROVEMENTS IN INSTRUMENTS OR APPARATUS FOR ASCERTAINING and INDICATING DISTANCES
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederick Young, Brodrick
Hudleston, and Henry Crisp at the Office of the Commissioners of
Patents, with their Petition, on the 30th July 1875.
We, FREDERICK YOUNG, BRODRICK HUDLESTON, and HENRY CRISP,
all of No 92, Gracechurch Street, in the City of London, Auctioneers
and General Agents, do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN INSTRUMENTS OR APPARATUS FOR ASCERTAINING and
INDICATING DISTANCES," to be as follows .—
This Invention has for its object the indication of the distances of
objects with greater facility than has hitherto been attainable by existing
instruments.
This Invention consists, as will be seen by reference to the Drawing
accompanying this Provisional Specification, in an arrangement of
telescopes in connection with an indicating dial and pointer.
Figure 1 is an elevation of this arrangement, and Figure 2 a plan
Tiew thereof The telescopes are marked A and A', and are carried on
the shaft or rod B. The telescope A is a fixed telescope, while A' is

page_text: hinged to the shaft B, as shewn at C, and is capable thereby of being
turned upon the shaft, and thus operates the toothed quadrant D, which
in its turn moves the pinion E, and thereby the pointer or hand F, upon
the graduated dial G, or may move the dial G, the pointer or hand F
being fixed At II is shown a ball joint, by which the position of the
instrument can be adjusted The ball joint is fitted with screw cap to
press upon the ball. At I is shown a screw arrangement by which the
instrument is attached to a tripod or other suitable stand.
The instrument is thus used. having sighted the object with the
fixed telescope A, which is at a known angle of 90 degrees, it is next
sighted by moving round the telescope A', and in so doing the distance
is indicated by the pointer upon the graduated dial. The telescopes are
provided with hair lines across the glasses, and the fixed telescope may be
so arranged as to become and be used as a theodolite.
The telescopes may be arranged upon the same horizontal line as
IMPROVEMENTS IN SEWING MACHINES
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Watson at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 8th March
1875.
I, JOHN WATSON, of Oldham, in the County of Lancaster, Sewing
Machine Maker, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN SEWING MACHINES," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in improved arrangements for enabling the fly
wheel and driving shaft of the machine to revolve in one direction for
operating the working parts, and in the reverse direction for winding
thread on spools without putting the working parts in motion, the fly
wheel being placed loose on the driving shaft and prevented from coming
off by a washer screwed fast to the end of the shaft.
In one arrangement I form in the inner side of the boss of the fly
wheel a recess in which works one end of a collar fixed to the driving
shaft, the other end of the collar working in a recess in a boss cast to
the framework, and forming one of the bearings of the driving shaft,
and at each side of the collar I form an inclined recess and place loose
on each incline a small round pin or roller in contact with a spring.
When the fly wheel and driving shaft is turning in the direction for

page_text: giving motion to the needle feeder and other working parts one of the
pins or rollers has been rolled up its corresponding incline, so as to push
the outer end of the boss of the fly wheel tightly against the washer, and
thereby lock the fly wheel collar and shaft tightly together, but when
the fly wheel is turned in the reverse direction for winding thread on
spools the pin or roller rolls down the incline and unlocks the fly wheel
from the collar, and at the same time the pin or roller rolls up the other
incline and locks the collar to the stationary boss, thereby leaving the
fly wheel loose and making the driving shaft stationary.
I modify this arrangement by having an incline with its pin or roller
and spring on one side only of the collar, and form in the boss on the
frame an incline on which there is a pin or roller in contact with a
spring; or I make both sides of the collar without inclines, and form one
of the inclines with its pin and spring in the inner side of the boss of the
fly wheel, and the other incline with its pin and spring in the stationary
boss on the frame, and both of these modifications enable the same
results to be attained as those before described.
AN IMPROVED COMPOSITION USEFUL FOR MANY PURPOSES IN CONNECTION WITH THE ARTS AND MANUFACTURES
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Jenks at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 5th
November 1875.
I, THOMAS JENKS, of 19, Mott Street, Birmingham, in the County of
Warwick, Black Ornament Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED COMPOSITION USEFUL FOR MANY
PURPOSES IN CONNECTION WITH THE ARTS AND MANUFACTURES," to be as
follows:-
:-
I take common leather, cut up finely, and boil it in water for five
hours in a suitable vessel; I then add a sufficient quantity of oxalic acid
to dissolve the leather, and a portion of common glue, the whole when
melted forming a glutinous thick liquid; I then take in another vessel
resin, pitch, and Japan wax or beeswax, in suitable proportions, and add
thereto a portion of copal gum previously dissolved in oil, and
thoroughly amalgamate and melt the whole mass under heat; I also take
india-rubber or caoutchouc free from admixture with other substances or
adulterations, and dissolve it in another vessel with boiled linseed oil
.

page_text: under heat. Having the three solutions properly prepared I proceed to
mix them by placing the dissolved leather in a vessel of suitable
dimensions to contain the whole, and add thereto first the solution of
resin, pitch, and wax, and afterwards the solution of india-rubber; I.
then take a powder formed of plaster of Paris and ordinary coloured
pigments requisite to produce the colour or tint I desire to show in the
composition, and stir into the before mentioned mixed solutions enough
of the powder to thicken or stiffen it sufficiently to carry it to the dies
or moulds in which I intend to press up the articles I desire to produce.
The result of this operation is a compound which I term caoutchouc
aluta, having many advantages over any composition yet known to me
in the manufacture of black or coloured composite, jewellery or fancy
- ornaments, buttons and other kinds of artistic or commercial wares,
being capable of receiving the most delicate impressions, having both a
hardness and toughness not possessed by ordinary plaster or waxy
compositions, and not being near so inflammable as the latter. It also
possesses considerable advantages over the ordinary preparation of india-
rubber known as "vulcanite," inasmuch as vulcanite of inherent necessity
contains a large proportion of sulphur, which causes it under ordinary
atmospheric exposure to change colour and also to affect the colour of
any metal, gold, silver, gilt, or other goods packed or stored with it, or
metal parts attached to it in manufacture; vulcanite also possesses a
most unpleasant odour under friction, whereas my composition, caout-
chouc aluta, has no smell whatever, will retain any colour imparted to it
by the pigments used for colouring, will not affect the colour of other
goods placed near or with it, and is greatly impervious to the action of
water.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR DRESSING, SIFTING, AND FEEDING MIDDLINGS, MEAL, AND OTHER SIMILAR SUBSTANCES
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Smith at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 30th
August 1875.
I, THOMAS SMITH, of Leeds, in the County of York, Millwright, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY FOR DRESSING, SIFTING, AND FEEDING MIDDLINGS, MEAL, AND OTHER
SIMILAR SUBSTANCES," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in improvements in machinery for dressing,
sifting, and feeding middlings, meal, and other similar substances,
whereby the operation of dressing, sifting, and feeding is more effectually
performed than heretofore.
The means by which I propose to attain the above object are as
follows: Inside a suitable case I place a horizontal reel or cylinder
covered over with silk gauze, the meshes of which vary according to the
substances to be sifted. The said reel or cylinder is held in suitable
bearings, and receives a rotary motion which causes it to come in and
out of gear with a bevel toothed clutch or cam placed at one end of the
axle of the recl, the other end of the said axle being acted upon by a

page_text: Instead of driving the said screw by means of cone pulleys, which
limit the rate at which the screw may be driven to a very few speeds, I
key on the shaft of the screw a toothed wheel to which I impart motion
by means of pawls placed opposite to each other, which pawls are put in
motion by two links or arms on the shaft of the screw, the said links
being actuated by rods which receive motion from a disc ķeyed on the
driving shaft of the machine. This disc is furnished with a slot for the
crank pin to slide in, so that the aforesaid rods may be placed at any
suitable distance from the centre of the disc, whereby the pawls will be
made to take any desired number of teeth, and thus regulate the speed
of the screw.
I construct the pawls with a projection or arm extending beyond the
centre on which they oscillate, and connect the aforesaid eccentric rods
with these projections.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CLEANSING AND BLEACHING JUTE, HEMP, FLAX, AND COTTON
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Hermann Samson Haas at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 30th June 1875.
I, HERMANN SAMSON HAAS, of Bradford, in the County of York,
Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN CLEANSING AND BLEACHING JUTE, HEMP, FLAX, AND COTTON,"
to be as follows :-
This Invention relates to certain improvements in the method of
preparing textile fabrics, particularly jute with silicate of soda prior to
the ordinary subsequent processes of bleaching and dyeing.
The advantage of my improved treatment consists,―
First. In saving cost and time in the preparation of textile fabrics,
such as cotton, flax, and hemp, prior to the ordinary processes of
bleaching.
Secondly. And principally to accomplish the bleaching of jute with-
out any injury to the fibre, which up to this time has not been
accomplished.

page_text: Jute when treated by my improved process will permit the spinning
of finer descriptions of yarn, and constitute new light fabrics, which
when bleached, dyed, and finished, by their appearance and cheapness
will advantageously compete with other manufactures, besides being the
best substitute for the much clearer linen, it will furnish improved
material in the manufacture of superior paper.
My improved mode of treatment is as follows:-The jute in any state
(raw yarn or in the piece) is placed in a solution composed of one hundred
parts of water, and eight parts of silicate of soda at a temperature of
from one hundred and ninety to two hundred and twelve degrees
Fahrenheit. In this solution the jute is allowed to remain, say from
eighteen to twenty minutes or more, according to the strength and
quality of the material. The jute is then washed first with hot water
and afterwards with fresh cold water in order to free it from the
coloring matter and the silicate of soda. The subsequent processes of
bleaching are the same as those in ordinary use.
I would remark that I do not confine my method of treatment to the
exact details herein-before mentioned, as the process may be considerably
varied without departing from the charactistic features of my improve-
ment, which consists of subjecting jute or other botanical fibrous
materials to the treatment of silicate of soda.
IMPROVEMENTS IN TEMPLES EMPLOYED IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Kirk and William
Spivey at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 19th July 1875
WC, GEORGE KIRK, of the Firm of Schofield & Kirk, of Huddersfield,
in the County of York, Machine Makers, and WILLIAM SPIVEY, of the
same Place, Mechanic, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN TEMPLES EMPLOYED IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING,"
to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to improvements in the ordinary kinds of
temples employed in looms for weaving, and where it is necessary to
provide for the giving way of the temple, when a shuttle stops in the
shed or does not land in the shuttle box. Heretofore each temple has
been mounted on one arm of a bell-crank lever lunged to the loom
frame, so that when the shuttle did stop in the shed the temple would
be at liberty to be pressed back thereby, but by line of motion of the
temple being in the segment of a circle the effect was to break or
damage the lists of the fabric Now to remedy this we mount the temples
on arms capable of sliding in brackets attached to the framing of the
loom in a direction parallel with the lists or edges of the fabric.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BOOTS AND SHOES
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Pike at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 16th July
1875.
I, THOMAS PIKE, of No. 5, Stanhope Street, Clare Market, in the
County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BOOTS AND SHOES," to
be as follows :-
This Invention has for its object to improve the construction of the
elastic sides of boots and shoes.
Heretofore the elastic corrugated fabric inserted at the sides of boots
and shoes to facilitate their being drawn on to the foot has been liable
to quickly become worn, and has also not had so neat an appearance as
plain leather sides.
To obviate these defects I form the clastic or spring sides of boots and
shoes from a plain picce of leather just as though the boots were
intended to lace together at the front, and down each side piece I form
a slit passing downwards from its top edge. The edges of the slit are

page_text: drawn and held together by springs placed at the back of the leather
sido piece across the slit and between the side piece and its lining, the
ends only of the springs are attached to the lining at a distance from the
slit, and the lining and leather side piece are held together by rows of
stitching in the narrow spaces left between the springs.
E
The outer surface of the leather on either side of the slit may also be
ornamented with stitching in any suitable manner. By this means the
elastic sides of boots and shoes will when the boot or shoe is being worn
appear as a plain leather side or a leather side ornamented with stitching,
and yet it will readily yield when the boot or shoe is being put on or off. 1
Elastic sides also when constructed as above described will last much
longer than the elastic sides heretofore employed.