Improvements in and relating to Pneumatic Tires for Velocipedes and other Vehicles
Year: 1892

page_text: Date of Application, 25th Oct., 1892}
Complete Specification Left, 25th Jan., 1893-Accepted, 25th Feb., 1893
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and relating to Pneumatic Tires for Velocipedes
and other Vehicles.
A communication by RUDOLPH WILLIAM HUss, of Chicago, in the County of
Cook and State of Illinois, United States of America, Tanner.
I, WILLIAM PHILLIPS THOMPSON F.C.S., M.I.M.E., of the Agency for
Foreign Patent Solicitors, 6, Lord Street, Liverpool and 6, Bank Street,
Manchester both in the County of Lancaster and 323 High Holborn in the
County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer do hereby declare the nature of this
invention to be as follows:-
The objects of this invention are to reinforce pucumatic tires for velocipedes and
other vehicles, so that while the tread portion of the tire shall be rendered durable
and properly resilient, and as a result of the latter avoid prolonged depressions
and indentations while running over obstacles along the road, there shall be no
sawing and consequent wear of cross threads along such portion of the tire; and
also to reinforce the tire proportionally to and with relation to its needs.
In carrying out the invention the tire is reinforced by a fabric which is woven
so that its longitudinal or warp threads shall be omitted along all or so much
of the peripheral or tread portions of the tire as may be desired. By such
arrangement the remaining portion of the tire can be reinforced by both warp
and woof threads, while its tread portion which is subject to depressions or
indentations during use, will be reinforced by cross or woof threads not tied
together or directly subject to longitudinal or warp threads, and hence not subject
to sawing action and wear, as a result of frequent depressions in the tire. The
warp threads of the portion or portions of the reinforcing fabric formed by both warp
and woof threads also serve to preserve uniformity in arrangement of the portions
of the woof threads which are not crossed by warp threads, and also render it an
easy and practical matter to weave a suitable width of such fabric of any desired
length. The invention also involves certain details of arrangement, constituting
matters of further improvement, as hereinafter set forth.
The portions of fabric are each woven so as to omit along the middle of the
fabric a portion of the longitudinal threads which may be termed the warp threads,
and in this way, the longitudinal side or edge portions of the fabric are woven
with both warp and woof, while the middle is formed by the woof with the warp
omitted.
1
The fabric thus prepared can be woven in any desired length, and can be woven
either in sheets or strips of suitable length and width, or as a preferred and
exceedingly practical way it can be woven in tubular form and the tube then split
along the longitudinal middle of its portion which is woven with both warp. and
woof, the result being a sheet.
The fabric formed as aforesaid, is incorporated in a tire so that the threads of its
woof portion shall lie along the tread portion of the tire, while its warp and woof
portions lie along so much of the remaining portions of the tire as it may be desired
to reinforce with canvas or like fabric. In this construction of tire, the fabric is
united with the outer rubber tube or cover and the air tube is arranged within the
tubular layer of canvas or fabric. The invention is not however limited to such
precise arrangement or mode of incorporating the fabric in a pneumatic tire, as the
same can also be applied to any known or suitable construction of tire, observing,
however, that in so applying the fabric; its portion from which the longitudinal or

page_text: warp threads are omitted, is arranged so as to reinforce the tread portion of
the tire.
In this construction of tire, the tubular cover is split and adapted along its
edge portions for engagement with bent catch lips formed along the wheel-rim,
and the transverse form of the air tube is determined by a band or bearing and
in such case the fabric can be applied to so much of the inner wall or side of
the cover as may be desired. But this particular construction of tire is simply
given to illustrate a practical application of the invention, which is not confined
to such particular construction of tire, but which contemplates incorporating in
any other desired form or construction of tire a tubular or part tubular reinforcing
fabric which is woven so as to omit the warp or longitudinal threads along the
tread portion of the tire.
By the foregoing arrangement not only is the tire reinforced according to its
needs, also, the threads of its reinforcing fabric are so arranged that there shall be
no sawing and wear between crossing threads along the tread portion of the tire.
At the same time, while there is an absence of threads crossing one another along
the tread portion of the tire, the single cross or woof threads there present, will so
reinforce the tread as to avoid prolonged depressions in the tire while running over
obstructions, and at the same time secure all resiliency necessary to speed and easy
riding.
While the warp and woof.portion or portions of the fabric can be woven evenly,
it is preferred as a matter of further improvement to weave the same so that
before dropping the warp threads altogether, they shall be. laid at increasing
distances apart so as to lie at increasing distances toward the tread portion of
the tire, and in this way an abrupt transition from the warp and woof portions
to the woof portion is avoided.
4
A few supplemental warp threads may; if desired, be woven in, in order to
preserve regularity in the arrangement of woof threads, but with such arrange-
.ment the tire will still be provided with a reinforcing fabric from which the warp
threads have been omitted along its tread portion.
With further reference to this improved mode of reinforcing pneumatic tires, it
will be seen that a pneumatic tire is provided which.,is reinforced along its tread
portion by, cross threads which may lie either transverse or substantially transverse
to the annular line of tread, and which are not interwoven with longitudinal threads
which, if present, would cause objectionable sawing action between the treads, and
that all or as much as is necessary of the remaining portion of the tire is reinforced
by a stouter or stiffer layer of reinforcing material, regardless of the way in which
the latter portion is formed or woven; and which as an economical, simple and
preferred arrangement, the fabric is woven as hereinbefore set forth, it will be
obvious that the cross threads which are to reinforce the tread portion of the tire
could unite with a layer or layers of any desired reinforcing material adapted for
reinforcing the remaining portion or portions of the tire. As for example, the tire
can be reinforced by a tubular layer of thread formed by spirally winding the
latter, and a portion of the said tire other than its tread can be further reinforced
by a supplemental, layer of suitable material, such as canvas.
Various other ways and materials can obviously be provided for thickening or
reinforcing the tire along its sides or portion nearest the wheel rim, and the same
can obviously, be employed with cross or transverse threads primarily applied as 'a
reinforcing layer or in other ways such as by winding a thread about a mandrel
and then uniting therewith a layer of rubber or canvas coated with rubber, or by
winding the thread about a soft rubber tube, and then vulcanising the same. Also
the fabric or thread layer herein described can be incorporated as a reinforcing
layer in any suitable or desired relationship to the remaining layers or portions of
the tire in accordance with the construction or mode in which the tire is built up.
While the threads.across the tread portion of the tire may be said to lie directly
transverse, it is understood that the slightly oblique arrangement of thread,

page_text: involved by winding the same as hereinbefore mentioned, also provides across the
tread portion of the tire a layer of thread in which the thread or thread portions
are practically transverse.
Any desired number of such layers of reinforcing fabric can also be incorporated
within the tire, and the same be either placed together, or separated in accordance
with the construction of tire involved, and such reinforcing fabric or arrangement
of threads can also be imbedded within or applied to a layer of vulcanised rubber,
either with or without another layer of ordinary canvas or the like, and the whole
then vulcanised as will be readily understood by those skilled in the art, without
further description.
Dated this
dow of October 1800
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION,
Improvements in and relating to Pneumatic Tires for Velocipedes
and other Vehicles.
.
A communication by RUDOLPH WILLIAM HUSS, of Chicago, in the County of
Cook and State of Illinois, United States of America, Tanner.
1, WILLIAM PHILLIPS THOMPSON, F.C.S., M.I.M.E., of the Agency for
Foreign Patent Solicitors, 6 Lord Street, Liverpool, and 6 Bank Street, Manchester,
both in the County of Lancaster and 323, High Holborn, in the County of
Middlesex, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in'
what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement:--
The objects of this invention are to reinforce pneumatic tires for velocipedes and
other vehicles, so that, while the tread portion of the tire.shall be rendered durable
and properly resilient, and as a result of the latter avoid prolonged depressions and
indentations while running over obstacles along the road, there shall be no sawing
and consequent wear of cross threads along such portion of the tire and also to
reinforce the tire proportionally to and with relation to its needs.
In carrying out the invention, the tire is reinforced by a fabric which is woven
so that its longitudinal or warp threads shall be omitted along all or so much of
the peripheral or tread portions of the tire as may be desired. By such an
arrangement, the remaining portion of the tire can be reinforced by both warp and.
woof threads, while its tread portion, which is subject to depressions or indentations
during use, will be reinforced by cross or woof threads not tied together or directly
subject to longitudinal or warp threads, and hence not subject to sawing action and
wear, as a result of frequent depressions in the tire. The warp threads of the
portion or portions of the reinforcing fabric formed by both warp and woof threads
also serve to preserve uniformity in arrangement of the portions of the woof
threads which are not crossed by warp threads, and also render it an easy and
practicable matter to weave à suitable width of such fabric of any desired length.
The invention also involves certain details of arrangement, constituting matters
of iurther improvement, as hereinafter set forth.
In the accompanying drawings:-
Figure 1 represents a section taken transversely through a pneumatic tire
embodying this invention.
Figure 2 is a longitudinal section taken through a portion of the tire on line a―
in Figure 1.
Figures 3 and 4 represent portions of the fabric spread out and woven in
accordance with this invention, as hereinafter explained.
In the foregoing several figures, the fabric is shown somewhat coarser than
necessary in order to more clearly illustrate the way in which it is woven.

page_text: In Figures 3 and 4, the portions of fabric A therein shown are each woven so as
to omit along the middle of the fabric a portion of the longitudinal threads which
may be termed the warp threads, and, in this way, the longitudinal side or edge
portions a of the fabric are woven with both warp and woof, while the middle a¹ is
formed by the woof with the warp omitted.
The fabric thus prepared can be woven in any desired length, and can be woven
either in sheets or strips of suitable length and width, or as
a preferred and
exceedingly practicable way it can be woven in tubular form and the tube then
split along the longitudinal middle of its portion which is woven with both warp and
woof, the result being a sheet such as illustrated in Figures 3 and 4.
In Figures 1 and 2, the fabric formed as aforesaid is incorporated in a tire so
that the threads of its woof portion a¹ shall lie along the tread portion of the tire,
while its warp and woof portions lie along so much of the remaining portions of the
tire as it may be desired to reinforce with canvas or like fabric. In the construction
of tire shown, the fabric is united with the outer rubber tube or cover B, and the
air tube C is arranged within the tubular layer of canvas or fabric. The invention
is not, however, limited to such precise arrangement or mode of incorporating the
fabric A in a pneumatic tire, as the same can also be applied to any known or
suitable construction of tire, observing, however, that, in so applying the fabric, its
portion a', from which the longitudinal or warp threads are omitted, is arranged so
as to reinforce the tread portion of the tire.
In the construction of tire illustrated, the tubular cover B is split and adapted
along its edge portions b for engagement with bent catch lips D formed along the
wheel rim D¹, and the transverse form of the air tube is determined by a band or
bearing E, and in such case the fabric can be applied to so much of the inner wall
or side of the cover B as may be desired. But this particular construction of tire
is simply given to illustrate a practical application of the invention, which is not
confined to such particular construction of tire, but which contemplates incorpo-
rating in any other desired form or construction of tire a tubular or part tubular
reinforcing fabric which is woven so as to omit the warp or longitudinal threads
along the tread portion of the tire.
By the foregoing arrangement not only is the tire reinforced according to its
needs, also, the threads of its reinforcing fabric are so arranged that there shall be
no sawing and wear between crossing threads along the tread portion of the tire.
At the same time, while there is an absence of threads crossing one another along
the tread portion of the tire, the single cross or woof threads there present, will so
reinforce the tread as to avoid prolonged depressions in the tire while running
over obstructions, and at the same time secure all resiliency necessary to speed and
easy riding.
While the warp and woof portion or portions of the fabric can be woven evenly,
it is preferred as a matter of further improvement to weave the same so that before
dropping the warp threads altogether, they shall be laid at increasing distances
apart so as to lie at increasing distances toward the tread portion of the tire as
shown, and in this way an abrupt transition from the warp and woof portions a to
the woof portion a' is avoided.
A few supplemental warp threads a² may, if desired, be woven in, as in Figure 3,
in order to preserve regularity in the arrangement of woof threads, but with such
arrangement the tire will still be provided with a reinforcing fabric from which the
warp threads have been omitted along its tread portion.
With further reference to this improved mode of reinforcing pneumatic tires, it
will be seen that a pneumatic tire is provided which is reinforced along its tread
portion by cross threads which may lie either transverse or substantially transverse
to the annular line of tread, and which are not interwoven with longitudinal
threads which if present would cause objectionable sawing action between the
threads, and that all or as much as is necessary of the remaining portion of the tire
is reinforced by a stouter or stiffer layer of reinforcing material, regardless of the

page_text: way in which the latter portion is formed or woven; and which as an economical,
simple and preferred arrangement, the fabric is woven as herein before set forth, it
will be obvious that the cross threads which are to reinforce the tread portion of
the tire could unite with a layer or layers of any desired reinforcing material
adapted for reinforcing the remaining portion or portions of the tire. As for
example the tire can be reinforced by a tubular layer of thrend formed by spirally
winding the latter, and a portion of the said tire other than its tread can be further
reinforced by a supplemental layer of suitable material such as canvas.
Various other ways and materials can obviously be provided for thickening or
reinforcing the tire along its sides or portion nearest the wheel rim, and the same
can obviously be employed with cross or transverse threads primarily applied as a
reinforcing layer as shown in the drawing of this application, or in other ways such
as by winding a thread about a mandrel and then uniting therewith a layer of rubber
or canvas coated with rubber, or by winding the thread about a soft rubber tube,
and then vulcanising the same. Also the fabric or thread layer herein described
can be incorporated as a reinforcing layer in any suitable or desired relationship to
the remaining layers or portions of the tire in accordance with the construction or
mode in which the tire is built up. While the threads hercin shown across the
tread portion of the tire may be said to lie directly transverse, it is understood that
the slightly oblique arrangement of thread, involved by winding the same as herein-
before mentioned, also provides across the tread portion of the tire a layer of thread
in which the thread or thread portions are practically transverse.
Any desired number of such layers of reinforcing fabric can also be incorporated
within the tire, and the same be either placed together, or separated in accordance
with the construction of tire involved, and such reinforcing fabric or arrangement
of threads can also be imbedded within or applied to a layer of vulcanised rubber
either with or without another layer of ordinary canvas or the like, and the whole
then vulcanised as will be readily understood by those skilled in the art, without
further description.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, as communicated to me by
my foreign correspondent, 1 declare that what I claim is-
1. In a pneumatic tire, a reinforcing fabric from which the longitudinal or
warp threads are omitted along the tread portion of the tire, substantially as
described.
2. In a pneumatic tire, a reinforcing fabric having the longitudinal or warp
threads arranged at increasing distances apart toward the tread portion of the tire and
omitted along such tread portion, substantially as described.
3. A pneumatic tire comprising a reinforcing fabric united with a layer of rubber
and having its longitudinal or warp threads omitted along the tread portion of the
tire, substantially as described.
4. A pneumatic tire comprising an outer tubular cover, an inner tubular layer of
reinforcing fabric having its longitudinal or warp threads omitted along the tread
portion of the tire, and an air tube arranged within such tubular reinforcing fabric,
substantially as described.
5. A fabric for reinforcing pneumatic tires, woven with a longitudinal portion a',
from which the longitudinal or warp threads are omitted and adapted to reinforce
the tread portion of the tire, the remaining portion of the fabric involving both
warp and woof threads being adapted for reinforcing the remaining portions of the
tire, substantially as described.
6. A. pneumatic tire reinforced along its tread portion by cross threads and
reinforced along its remaining portion or portions by heavier or stouter reinforcing
material.
7. A reinforcement for pneumatic tires consisting of a tube of woven material
having a portion of the warp threads omitted so as to provide it with a width of

page_text: reinforcing material composed of transverse, threads, substantially
purpose described.
Dated this 24th do of Jonu 1892
as and for the
WM. P. THOMPSON & Co.,
Agents for the Applicant.