IMPROVEMENTS IN KILNS FOR DRYING, BAKING. BURNING, OR CALCINING."
Year: 1878

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Richard Cosslett, the younger, of Elgin Park, Redland,
Bristol, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN KILNS FOR DRYING,
BAKING. BURNING, OR CALCINING."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Richard Cosslett at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 7th November 1878.
RICHARD COSSLETT, the younger, of Elgin Park, Redland, Bristol. IMPROVE-
MENTS IN KILNS FOR DRYING, BAKING, BURNING, OR CALCINING."
<<
My Invention for improvements in kilns for carrying out the above purposes
consist mainly as follows:-
The kiln is constructed in a circular form, with a revolving table or platform
inside, to advance the goods or substances to be operated upon to and from the fire
or fires placed in the proper portion of the kiln. The said moving table or platform
is supported on live rollers, resting upon rails, and made to turn or revolve as
desired by an arrangement of worm and rack, connected with an arrangement of
shafting, pullies, straps, and other contrivances. The said live rollers are flanged
and made to roll between three rails, one below and two above (or two below and
one above). The said flanges are to keep the rollers upon the rails, and the three
rails are placed in a triangular position, so that the load or weight will retain the
rollers in upright positions, the rollers being coupled together in pairs, and each
pair connected to the adjoining pair, to complete the circle, so that all the rollers
may move together, and retain their respective positions. The rollers are propor-
tionately larger on the outside of the triangle than on the inside. The platform or
table is constructed preferably of iron, with fire or other clay tops, made hollow, so
that the heat of the fires from the finishing chamber, after burning or otherwise
operating upon the substances in the firing chambers, may be utilized to dry the
goods or substances in the drying chambers.

page_text: The kiln is divided into a number of chambers more or less, as required (for con-
venience say twelve), by building upon the platform partitions at equal distances
apart. These chambers are divided thus:-The first four chambers where the goods
or substances are placed are used for drying. The second four chambers are used for
further-drying and partly baking or burning.
The third portion consists of one chamber for finishing, baking, burning, or
calcining the goods or substances, such chamber being provided with fire places at
the side, constructed with enclosed sides and top, except where left open for flues,
and with fire bars at the bottom, with doors in front of fire and ash places. At the
back or end of the fire places deflector partitions are placed to turn the heat and
hot air from the fire upwards to the top of third chamber, which being enclosed by
partitions, the heat and hot air pass downwards through the goods or substances to
be operated upon, along the bottom, then through the openings in the bottom of
partitions, into and through the second and third series of chambers which are
being advanced. Openings may be made at the bottom of deflector partitions if
required. Arrangements are made with grooves and flanges so that with the use
of dust the platform may be made air tight above and below the flues in the hollow
bed. Flues are made in the sides of the kiln, so that the hot air from the burning
chambers may pass into and through the hollow platform, and thence to the stack.
Other flues are also provided so that the hot air from the burning or firing chambers
may pass direct to the stack independently of the drying chamber flues, and in
some of these flues dampers are placed, as also in the stack. A single, double, or
multiple stack may be used, which in connection with flue or flues and dampers,
may effectually control the draughts.
The fourth portion consists of three chambers for cooling the goods or substances,
openings being provided through the partitions. The heat from the finished
goods assists the burning in finishing chamber. There are holes provided in
the top of kiln at suitable places, so as to observe the progress of the baking,
burning, or calcining, which holes may be used to pass or drop substances,
to assist the baking, burning, or calcining of the goods or substances being
operated upon. The said fourth series of chambers used for cooling the baked, burned,
or calcined goods or substances, are connected through the bottom of partitions with
the finishing chambers, the heat from the finished goods aids the burning of such
goods or substances. Grooves are made at the sides and top of kiln, provided with
holes, dampers, covers, and other arrangements, for the introduction and removal of
dust to and from the sides and top of partitions, at the places or points between
drying and burning chambers, between burning and finishing chambers, between
finishing and cooling chambers, and between cooling and drying chambers. The
introduction of dust is to make the partitions air tight at the sides and top, so as
to obtain an effectual draught down through the goods or substances to be operated
upon, where the heat is too intense to allow of metal doors or partitions being used.
A space is constructed under the platform for circulation of cold air, to keep it cool,
and to give access to the working parts underneath.
Iron doors may be used betwnen drying and cooling chambers, and between
drying and burning chambers, instead of dust in channels against partitions.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Richard Cosslett in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 7th May
1879.
RICHARD COSSLETT, the younger, of Elgin Park, Redland, Bristol.
MENTS IN KILNS FOR DRYING, BAKING, BURNING, OR CALCINING."
" IMPROVE-
The kiln is constructed in a circular form with a moving table or platform inside
to advance the goods or substances to be operated upon to and from the fire or
fires placed in the proper portion of the kiln. The said moving table or platform
is supported on live rollers resting upon rails, and made to turn or move as desired
by an arrangement of worm end rack connected with an arrangement of shafting
pullies, straps, and other contrivances. The said live rollers are flanged and made
to roll between three rails, one below and two above (or two below and one above).
The said flanges are to keep the rollers upon the rails, and the three rails are
placed in a triangular position, so that the load or weight will retain the rollers
in upright positions, the rollers being coupled together in pairs, and each pair con-
nected to the adjoining pair to complete the circle, so that all the rollers may move
together and retain their respective positions. The rollers are proportionately
larger on the outside of the triangle than on the inside. The platform or table is
constructed of iron with tops of fire or other clay or fire resisting material made
hollow, so that the heat of the fires from the finishing chamber after burning or
otherwise operating upon the substances in the firing chambers may be utilized to
dry the goods or substances in the drying chambers. The kiln is divided into a
number of chambers, more or less, as required (for convenience say twelve), by
building upon the platform partitions at equal distances apart. These chambers
are divided thus:-The first four chambers where the goods or substances are
placed are used for drying; the second four chambers are used for further drying
and partly baking or burning; the third portion consists of one chamber for
finishing, baking, burning, or calcining the goods or substances, such chamber
being provided with fire places at the sides, constructed with enclosed sides and
top, except where left open for flues, and with fire bars at the bottom, with doors
in front of fire and ash places. At the back or end of the fire places deflector
partitions are placed to turn the heat and hot air from the fire upwards to the top
of third chamber, which being enclosed by partitions the heat and hot air pass
downwards through the goods or substances to be operated upon along the bottom,
then through the openings in the bottom of partitions into and through the second
and third series of chambers which are being advanced. Openings may be made
at the bottom of deflector partitions if required. Arrangements are made with
grooves and flanges, so that with the use of dust the platform may be made air
tight above and below the flues in the hollow bed.
Flues are made in the sides of the kiln so that the hot air from the burning
chambers may pass into and through the hollow platform, and thence to the stock.
Other flues are also provided so that the hot air from the burning or firing cham
bers may pass direct to the stack, independently of the drying chamber flues, and
in some of these flues dampers are placed, as also in the stack, a single, double,
or multiple stack may be used, which in connection with flue or flues and dampers
may effectually control the draughts. The fourth portion consists of three cham-
bers for cooling the goods or substances, openings being provided through the par-
titions. The heat from the finished goods assists the burning in finishing chamber.
There are holes provided in the top of kiln at suitable places so as to observe the
progress of the baking, burning, or calcining, which holes may be used to pass or
drop substances to assist the baking, burning, or calcining of the goods or sub-
stances being operated upon. The said fourth series of chambers used for cooling
.the baked, burned, or calcined goods or substances are connected through the
bottom partitions with the finishing chambers. The heat from the finished goods

page_text: aids the burning of such goods or substances. Grooves are made at the sides and
top of kiln, provided with holes, dampers, covers, and other arrangements for the
introduction and removal of dust to and from the sides and top of partitions at the
places or joints between drying and burning chambers, between burning and
finishing chambers, between finishing and cooling chambers, and between cooling
and drying chambers. The introduction of dust is to make the partitions air-tight
at the sides and top so as to obtain an effectual draught down through the goods or
substances to be operated upon where the heat is too intense to allow of metal
doors or partitions being used. A space is constructed under the platform for
circulation of cold air to keep it cool and to give access to the working parts under-
neath. Iron doors may be used between drying and cooling chambers, and
between drying and burning chambers, instead of dust in channels against
partitions.
described.
Fig. 3, plan of moving table or bed, flues, firegrates, and other parts, as herein-
after described.
Sheet 2. Fig. 4 represents a cross section of chamber C and part of chambers B
and D and other parts, as hereinafter described.
Fig. 5, cross section of chambers (C), shewing fire grates and other parts, as
hereinafter described.
Fig. 6, plan of top of kiln, shewing feeding holes and other parts, as hereinafter
described. Similar letters of reference indicate corresponding parts. A, drying
chambers; B, firing chambers; C, finishing chamber; D, cooling chambers; B2, un-
loading chambers; 'E, outside flue above moving bed. F, inside flue above moving
bed; G, outside flue level with flues in moving bed; H, flues in moving bed; I, inside
flue level with flues in moving bed; J, connecting flues from chamber A to stack;
K, connecting flues from chamber B to stack; L, stack; M, dust grooves; M', dust
holes; M², dust dampers; N, dampers between chambers B and A; O, dampers
between chambers A and stack; P, dampers between chambers B and stack; Q, fire
grates to chamber C; R, dampers between chambers B and stack; S, feeding
holes; T, hollow bed, caused to move in a circular direction through the series of
chambers; U, live rollers, with three rails arranged in triangular form; V, air
passage under moving bed; W, deflector partitions; ✗, upper dust grooves in
moving bed; Y, lower dust grooves in moving bed; Z, worm and rack under
moving bed.
The kiln is constructed in a circular form (see Figures 3 and 6) with a moving table
or platform T inside to advance the goods or substances to be operated upon to and
from the fire Q or fires Q placed in the portion of the kiln C. The moving table
or platform T is supported on live rollers U resting upon rails, and made to turn
or revolve as desired by an arrangement of worm and rack (Z) connected with an
arrangement of shafting, pullies, straps, and other contrivances. The live rollers U
are flanged, and caused to roll between three rails, one below and two above (or two
below and one above). The flanges keep the rollers U upon the rails, and the three
rails are placed in a triangular position, so that the load weight will retain the
rollers in upright positions. The rollers U are coupled together in pairs, each pair
being connected to the adjoining ones to complete the circle, so that all the rollers
may move together and retain their respective positions. The rollers U on the
outside of the triangle are proportionately larger than the inside. The platform or
table T is constructed of iron, with tops of fire or other clay or fire resisting material.
They are made hollow (H), so that the heat of the fires from chamber C, after
burning or otherwise operating upon the substances in chambers B, may be utilized

page_text: to dry the goods or substances in chambers A. The kiln is divided into a number
of chambers A, B, C, D, and B³, more or less, as required (for convenience, say
twelve), by building upon the platform partitions at equal distances apart. The
first four chambers A, where the goods or substances are placed are used for drying.
The second four chambers B are used for further drying and partly baking or
burning. The third portion consists of one chamber C for finishing, baking, burning,
or calcining the goods or substances, with fire places Q at the sides, constructed with
enclosed sides, part of top and fire-bars at the bottom, with doors in front of fire Q
and ash places X'. At the back or end of fire places Q deflector partitions W are
placed to turn the heat and hot air from the fires Q upwards to the top of chamber C,
which being enclosed by partitions the heat and hot air pass downwards through
the goods or substances to be operated upon, along the bottom, then through the
openings in the bottom of partitions, into and through the other chambers B and A
which are being advanced.
The fourth portion consists of three chambers for cooling the goods or substances,
and openings being provided through partitions, the heat from the finished goods
assists the burning in finishing chamber. Openings at the bottom of deflector par-
titions W may be inade if required. Arrangements are made so that by grooves X, Y,
and flanges, with the use of dust the platform T may be made air tight
above and below the flues H in the hollow bed. Flues E, F, G, H, I, J, are made
in the sides of the kiln, so that the hot air from the burning chambers may pass
into and through the hollow platform T, and thence to the stack L. Other flues K
are provided, so that the hot air from the burning chambers B may pass direct to the
stack L independently of the drying chamber flues E, F, G, H, I, J. In flues K, J,
as also in the stack L, dampers N, O, P, R, are placed. Holes S are provided in the
top of the kiln at suitable places to observe the progress of the baking, burning,
or calcining, which holes may be used to pass or allow to drop in substances to
assist the baking, burning, or calcining of the goods and substances being operated
upon. The three remaining chambers D are used for cooling the baked, burned, or
calcined goods or substances, and being connected through the bottom of the partitions
with the finishing chambers C, the heat from the finished goods assists the burning
of such goods or substances. A double or twin stack L may be used, which in
combination with the dampers N, O, P, R, may effectually control the draught.
Grooves M are made at the sides and top of kiln, provided with holes M³, dampers M²,
covers, and other arrangements for the introduction and removal of dust to and
from the sides and top of partitions at the places or points between drying
chambers A and burning chambers B, between finishing chambers C and cooling
chambers D, and between cooling chambers D and drying chambers A, B². The
introduction of dust is to make partitions air tight at the sides and top, so as to
obtain an effectual draught down through the goods or substances to be operated
upon where the heat is too intense to allow of metal-doors or partitions being
used. A space V is constructed underneath platform T for circulation of cold air
to keep it cool, and to give access to the working parts underneath. Iron doors
may be used between drying chambers A and cooling chambers D, and between
drying chambers A and burning chambers B, instead of dust in channels against
partitions.
Having now described the nature of my said Invention, and shown by Drawings
how the same may be carried into practice, I would have it understood that I do
not limit myself to the exact details or configuration of the parts I have explained
and shewn, as the same may of course be varied or modified without essentially
departing from the Invention, but I claim, and desire to be secured to me by Letters
Patent the following:
1st. The combination of parts forming my. improved kiln, constructed and
operating substantially as herein set forth.
2nd. The application of the platform T or table T moving around a centre upon
rollers U, wheels, or otherwise, for the purpose of advancing the goods, materials, or

page_text: substances for which the kiln is adaptable, so as to be operated upon as it moves to
and from the fire Q as required, substantially as herein set forth.
3rd. The use, in the manner and for the purpose described, of a platform T per-
forated with horizontal flues H, for the purpose of drying and hardening the
goods, materials, and substances to be operated upon, substantially as herein set
forth.
4th. The application of three rails, in connection with what are termed live
rollers U, for the purpose of guiding the platform T in a circle and retaining the
rollers U in upright positions, substantially as herein set forth.
In witness whereof, I, the said Richard Cosslett, the younger, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Thirtieth day of April, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and seventy nine.
Signed, sealed, and delivered by the
above named Richard Cosslett, jun*.,
in the presence of
T. J. BEARD,
3, Collingwood Road,
Redland,
Bristol..
RICHARD COSSLETT, JUN". (L.S.)