IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PRODUCTION OF Manures
Year: 1871

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Benjamin Edward Reina Newlands, of Charlton,
in the County of Kent, Analytical Chemist, for the Invention
of “IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PRODUCTION OF Manures.”
of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PRODUCTION OF MANURES."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Benjamin Edward
Reina Newlands at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with his Petition, on the 29th June 1871.
I, BENJAMIN EDWARD REINA NEWLANDS, of Charlton, in the County
of Kent, Analytical Chemist, do hereby declare the nature of my said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PRODUCTION OF MANURES," to be as
follows:-
In the preparation of alum from the native phosphates of alumina
by treatment with sulphuric acid, and by the employment either of
ammonia or of potash, or of salts of the same, a residual product is
obtained, which contains in solution a large proportion of phosphoric
acid.
Now this Invention relates, firstly, to the utilization of such residual
products for the production of manures, and consists in the employment

page_text: of such residual products in conjunction with a substance containing
phosphate of lime, such, for example, as bone ash, Peruvian guano, or
coprolite, or with mixtures of the same, together with carbonates of
magnesia, or with carbonates of magnesia and lime, such, for example,
as dolomite, which substances I prefer to employ in such proportions as
that a superphosphate shall be obtained. The proportions in which these
substances are to be employed will vary according to the degree of
acidity of the residual product before mentioned, but it will generally be
found that when these substances are employed in about equivalent
proportions to the amount of acid present that good results will be
obtained.
This Invention further consists in the employment of such solutions
as result from the action of sulphuric acid or hydrochloric acid or
sulphurous acid upon phosphatic compounds, such, for example, as
bones, coprolites, or native phosphates of lime, in conjunction with a
substance containing phosphate of lime, such, for example, as bone ash
Peruvian guano, or coprolite, or with mixtures of the same, together
with carbonates of magnesia or with carbonates of magnesia and lime,
such, for example, as dolomite, which substances I prefer to employ in
such proportions as that a superphosphate shall be obtained. The pro-
portions in which these substances are to be employed will vary according
to the degree of acidity of the residual product before mentioned, but it
will generally be found that when these substances are employed in
about equivalent proportions to the amount of acid present that good
results will be obtained.
This Invention further relates to the employment of sulphuric acid
in conjunction with either of the before-mentioned solutions, together
with any of the substances containing phosphoric acid, as herein-before
mentioned, in order to convert the whole, or practically the whole, of
the phosphate into a soluble form, and also with either carbonate of
magnesia or carbonate of magnesia and lime.
In conjunction with any of the products or manures obtained by any
of the processes herein-before mentioned salts or compounds of either
ammonia and potash or mixtures of the same may be added.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Benjamin Edward Reina Newlands in the Great
Seal Patent Office on the 28th December 1871.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, BENJAMIM
EDWARD REINA NEWLANDS, of Charlton, in the County of Kent,
Analytical Chemist, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-ninth day of June, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-one, in the 35th.
year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and
grant unto me, the said Benjamin Edward Reina Newlands, Her special
license that I, the said Benjamin Edward Reina Newlands, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Benjamin.
Edward Reina Newlands, my executors, administrators, or assigns, should
at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all
times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully
might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of
Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PRODUCTION OF MANURES," upon the
condition (amongst others) that I, the said Benjamin Edward Reina
Newlands, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing
under my hand and seal, should particularly describe and ascertain the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be
performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal. Patent
Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of
the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Benjamin Edward Reina Newlands,.
do hereby declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner,
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained.
in and by the following statement, that is to say :—
In the preparation of alum from the native phosphates of alumina.
by treatment with sulphuric acid, and by the employment either of
ammonia, or of potash, or of salts of the same, a residual product is
obtained which contains in solution a large proportion of phosphoric
acid.
Now this Invention relates, firstly, to the utilization of such residual
products for the production of manures, and consists in the employment

page_text: of such residual products in conjunction with a substance containing
phosphate of lime, such, for example, as bone ash, Peruvian guano, or
coprolite in conjunction with carbonates of magnesia, or with carbonates
of magnesia and lime, such, for example, as dolomite, which substances.
I prefer to employ in such proportions as that a superphosphate shall be
obtained. The proportions in which these substances are to be employed
will vary according to the degree of acidity of the residual product
before mentioned, but it will generally be found that when these sub-
stances are employed in about equivalent proportions to the amount of
acid present that good results will be obtained.
This Invention further consists in the employment of such solutions
as result from the action of sulphuric acid, or hydrochloric acid, or
sulphurous acid upon phosphatic compounds, such, for example, as
bones, coprolites, or native phosphates of lime in conjunction with a
substance containing phosphate of lime, such, for example, as bone ash,
Peruvian guano, or coprolite, in conjunction with carbonate of magnesia,
or with carbonates of magnesia and lime, such, for example, as dolomite,
which substances I prefer to employ in such proportions as that a
superphosphate shall be obtained. The proportions in which these sub-
stances are to be employed will vary according to the degree of acidity
of the residual product before mentioned, but it will generally be
found that when these substances are employed in about equivalent
proportions to the amount of acid present that good results will be
obtained.
This Invention further relates to the employment of sulphuric acid
in conjunction with either of the before-mentioned solutions, together
with any of the substances containing phosphoric acid, as herein-before
mentioned in order to convert the whole or practically the whole of the
phosphate into a soluble form, and also with either carbonate of magnesia
or carbonate of magnesia and lime.
In conjunction with any of the products or manures obtained by any
of the processes herein-before mentioned salts or compounds of either
ammonia and potash or mixtures of the same may be added.
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of my
said Invention, and the manner in which the same is or may be used
or carried into effect, I would observe, in conclusion, that what I
consider to be novel and original, and therefore claim as the Invention
secured to me by the herein-before in part recited Letters Patent is,

page_text: the production of manures by the employment of a solution of phos-
phoric acid obtained as herein-before mentioned in conjunction with
phosphatic substances, together with dolomite or with carbonate of
magnesia.
In witness whereof, I, the said Benjamin Edward Reina Newlands,
have to this my Specification set my hand and seal, the Twenty-
seventh day of December One thousand eight hundred and
seventy-one.
B. E. R. NEWLANDS. (L.S.)