IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF METAL DISH COVERS AND METAL DISHES
Year: 1844

page_text: TO ALL TO
TOM THES PRESENT SHALL COME, I, JAMES
SHAW, of Sheffield, Manufacturer of Britannia Metal Articles, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her present most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria by Her
Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date at West-
minster, the Twenty-fourth day of June, in the eighth year of Her reign, did;
for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said James
Shaw, Her especial licence, full power, sole privilege and authority, that I, tho
said James Shaw, my exors, admors, and assigns, or such others as I, the said
James Shaw, my exors, adññiors, or assigns, should at any time agree with, and
no others, from time to time and at all times during the term of years therein
expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within
England, Wales, and the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, my Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF METAL DISH COVERS AND METAL
DISHES;" in which said Letters Patent is contained a proviso that I, the said
James Shaw, shall cause a particular description of the nature of my said
Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be inrolled
in Her said Majesty's High Court of Chancery within six calendar months
next and immediately after the date of the said in part recited Letters Patent,
as in and by the same, reference being thereunto had, will more fully and
at large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I the said
James Shaw, do hereby declare that the nature of my said 'Invention, and the
manner in which the same is to be performed, are fully described and ascer

page_text: tained in and by the following statement thereof, reference being had to the
Drawings hereunto annexed, and to the figures and and letters marked thereon,
that is to say:-
My Invention consists,
First, of a mode of making oval dish covers and dishes by causing the metal
to be fixed to the chucks on which they are to be formed by the process of
what is called "spinning."
Secondly, my Invention consists in applying a solid or complete wire or
metal bands in the rims of oval and oblong dish covers and dishes.
Thirdly, my Invention consists of manufacturing oblong metal dishes and
dish covers by means of a suitable lathe.
Fourthly, my Invention consists of polishing oval and oblong dishes and
dish covers on chucks in lathes; and,
Fifthly, my Invention consists of hardening Britannia metal or other similar
metal dishes and dish covers.
And in order that my Invention may be more fully described and readily
carried into effect, I will proceed to explain the means pursued by me. In
the manufacture of many round articles in metals it has been usual for many
years to form them on chucks in latches, by pressure, and the process is well
known by the name of "spinning." And I am aware that it has been proposed
to make oval vessels in metal by a suitable process, but I believe the same has
never before been accomplished; and I have discovered that in order to make
oval dishes and dish covers of metal in excentric lathes it is necessary to cause
the metal to be securely fastened to the chucks, in order that it may be securely
held and revolve therewith, notwithstanding the pressure necessarily exerted in
shaping the article; and such fastening is not necessary when making round
articles, as pressure may be applied by a point of the lathe at the outer
surface of the metal which is being operated on, owing to the centre of the
article not requiring to be changed. In carrying out my Invention, I make a
chuck of wood, or other suitable material, in an excentric lathe of the shape.
of the interior of the intended oval dish or dish cover, and then I take an
óval plate of metal, generally Britannia metal, and having raised the centre
point thereof by stamping, as well understood, I aflix it to the chuck screw
clamp, as is shown in the Drawing No. 1, or by other convenient means, so
that the metal will be securely fastened to the chuck, and then I operate on
the outer surface of the metal in the ordinary manner of what is called
"spinning" and by such means I cause the metal to take the shape and oval
figure of the chuck used; and I cause the edge thereof to be turned up so as to
receive a wire in the ordinary manner when "spinning" round goods.

page_text: And the second part of my Invention consists in applying a solid or complete
ring of wire or metal in place of a split ring, by which means oval and oblong
dishes and dish covers will be better capable of keeping their form; and for
this purpose I form the wire or metal rod to the shape required, and weld, or
otherwise join the ends that they will become as a solid and complete ring in
place of the split ring or wire heretofore used. The holes in the dishes thus
made are to be stopped after being removed from the chucks.
I will now describe the third part of my Invention, which consists in
making oblong dishes and dish covers.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING No. 2.
Figure 1 is a side view; Figure 2, a plan; and Figure 3, a cross section
of my improved turning lathe; A, the metal frame or gantry planed on the
top side; B, fast headstock for spur-wheel spindle to work in; C, spur wheel,
on spindle C', fifteen inches diameter, drove by a pinion E, seven and a half
inches diameter; D, shaft coupled to C¹ spindle by a universal joint; F, spindle
coupled to D shaft by another universal joint, which allows it to vibrate in any
direction the same time it is revolving; G, moving or vibratory headstock with
spindle F working in it; this spindle F has the chuck screwed against the
roller; H, rest screwed on projecting plate; I, a T rest, on which tools are held
for executing the work; J, following headstock fixed on the same shaft as G
headstock; K, shaft with G and I headstock keyed fast thereon; L, L, L;
three castings bored true for K shaft to work in, made fast to gantry; M, back
shaft with three coned pulleys P, and seven and a half inches spur wheel E;
N, excentric or sliding plate with stud for connecting rod O, this plate is
made on the shaft M. O, connecting rod, this couples the spindle F and the
excentric N together; P, conical pulley for driving band with three risers to
change speeds.
DESCRIPTION OF THE WORKING OF THE MACHINE.
The spindle F makes from one hundred and eighty to two hundred and
twenty revolutions per minute, and is driven by the pinion on the back shaft M;
consequently the back shaft M will make double that number of revolutions
per minute; the excentric or sliding face plate with pin carrying one end of
the connecting rod O, the other end of the connecting rod by a strap embraces
the spindle F, when the excentric is put out of centre;. consequently for
every revolution of spindle F the excentric will have made two revolutions or

page_text: form produced. In using this lathe a chuck is to be formed of wood or other
material, and as the metal can be held by the centre point it will not be
necessary otherwise to fix the metal to the chuck.
I will now describe the fourth part of my Invention, which relates to
polishing oval and oblong dishes and dish covers in excentric lathes on chucks,
in place of by hand. In carrying out this part of my Invention I place oval
and oblong dishes and dish covers or chucks in excentric lathes, so that they
will be caused to revolve quickly; and by means of the ordinary, or any suitable
polishing materials, I cause the outer surfaces to be polished, by which means
a better polish and at less cost may be obtained.
The fifth part of my Invention consists of hardening oval and oblong dish
covers made of Britannia or similar compound metal, by heating the same in
a bath of oil or fatty matter; I use whale oil for the purpose. For this pur-
pose, so soon as the metal has been shaped and before applying the wire band,
I place several dishes or dish covers in a suitable vessel, the covers and dishes
being immersed in the oil, and I heat the oil to just below the melting point
of the metal of the dishes and covers, the object being to have the heat as
high as possible so long as it does not come up to the melting point of the
metal of which the dish covers and dishes are made; the fluid and the covers
are then allowed to cool and the process is complete, and the wires are to be
applied by burnishing in the lathe, and also the polishing.
Having thus described the nature of my Invention, and the best means
I am acquainted with for performing the same, I would have it understood
that what I claim is,-
First, the mode of making oval dishes and dish covers, by affixing the metal
to the chucks.
Secondly, I claim the application of solid or complete metal wires or bands
in the rims of ovals and oblong dishes and dish covers.
Thirdly, I claim the construction of oblong dish covers in a suitable lathe
by "spinning," as herein described.
Fourthly, I claim the mode of finishing oval and oblong dishes and dish
covers by placing them on chucks in lathes; and,
Fifthly, I claim the hardening of Britannia metal, and other similar metal
dishes and dish covers, by heated fluid, as herein described.
In witness whereof, I, the said James Shaw, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this Twenty-third day of December, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and forty-four.
JAMES
(L.E.) SHAW.

page_text: AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the Twenty-third day of December,
in the year of our Lord 1844, the aforesaid James Shaw came before our
said Lady the Queen in Her Chancery, and acknowledged the Specification
aforesaid, and all and every thing therein contained and specified, in form
above written. And also the Specification aforesaid was stamped according to
the tenor of the Statute made for that purpose.
Enrolled the Twenty-fourth day of December, in the year of our Lord