IMPROVEMENTS IN GAS-ENGINES
Year: 1881

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Ernest de Pass, of the Office for British and Foreign
Patents, 68, Fleet Street, in the City of London, Patent Agent, for an
Invention of IMPROVEMENTS IN GAS-ENGINES." A communication from
abroad by Ernst Körting, of Hanover, in the German Empire, Engineer.
"
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Ernest de Pass at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 5th July 1881.
ERNEST DE PASS, of the Office for British and Foreign Patents, 68, Fleet Street,
in the City of London, Patent Agent. " IMPROVEMENTS IN GAS ENGINES."
A communication from abroad by Ernst Körting, of Hanover, in the German
Empire, Engineer.
My improved gas engine is distinguished from all others by a peculiar mixing
valve for the explosive gases; by a peculiar method of igniting these gases; by a
peculiar method of regulating the quantity of gases to be exploded according to
the desired power of the engine; and, lastly, by a special automatic apparatus for
lubricating the working parts.
The mixing valves are constructed by placing tubular valve seat casings
into each other, and combining them firmly with another in such a manner that
their centre lines either represent one common centre line or are parallel to each
other. The several valve seats are closed simultaneously by one cone fitting them
all, the seat of which stands at right angles to the centre line of the valve seat
casings. Firmly connected with or in a piece with this cone are slide faces, which
closely touch the sides of the valve seat casings, and which are at right angles to
the valve seats. These slide faces are provided with ports or apertures, and when
lifting the cone they get opened according to its travel, thus allowing the gases to
pass; or the valve seat casings may be provided with ports or apertures. These
ports or apertures of the several valves get opened to exactly the same height, and
the area of opening being equal to the product of width multiplied by the height,
the proportion of these areas of the several valves placed in each other will
CD..

page_text: with any height of travel be equal to the width of the ports or apertures.
This width being constant, it follows that the proportion of the mixture must also
be constant.
The cones can be made to lift automatically; in such case they must be weighted
or kept down by springs, or they may be opened and closed by means of any
convenient mechanisın.
The contrivances for igniting the gases are based upon the application or
employment of a finely bored nozzle, which although usually round, may equally
well have any other sectional shape. The opening of this nozzle increases towards
its exterior, either gradually or in steps. Through this nozzle, hereinafter called
igniting tube, issues under pressure from a chamber the gaseous mixture, which
while passing the tube gradually loses more and more of its initial velocity on
account of the increased bore of the nozzle. This permits of the mixture being
ignited at the end of the tube by an exterior flame. The flame burns into the
tube up to such a point at which the velocity of the stream of gas existing there
permits of a continuous burning. It will burn therein as long as fed by the gaseous
mixture through the small opening, and as long as the spent gases are still allowed
to escape at the exterior end of the tube.
The shape of the conical bore or the number of steps must be determined
according to circumstances, especially in respect to the pressure under which the
mixture escapes; the higher this pressure the wider must be the exterior opening.
The mixture issuing through the small initial opening while passing the increasing
areas gradually loses its velocity, as mentioned above, until at a certain point a
burning of the mixture or a flame can be sustained. The position of this particular
point changes with varying pressures of the mixture. The smaller this pressure
the further the flame will extend into the igniting tube; with greater pressure it
stops nearer the exterior end of the tube.
By means of this flame burning in the igniting tube, and which already is
sustained by the mixture to be exploded, the whole mixture inside the closed
chamber may easily be ignited by closing the igniting tube towards the atmosphere,
after the flame burns in this tube, causing thereby simultaneously a communication
between its interior and the inactive contents of the chamber.
This can be effected in different ways, viz. :—
1. The igniting tube after the flame burns in it is simply closed. The mixture
will then be forced from the chamber in which the explosion takes place into the
igniting tube, causing the pressure in both to be equalized immediately and the
flame to enter the exploding chamber. This mode of ignition requires however a
rather wide bore, and consequently is suitable only for a mixture not under very
great pressure, as otherwise great losses would result. The closing of the igniting
tube against the atmosphere may be effected by any mechanical contrivance, as, for
instance, by a cock, valve, slide, or the like.
2. Between the igniting tube and the exploding chamber one or several small
exploding chambers are arranged, which communicate with each other by small
openings whose bore increases towards the igniting tube to cause a gradual decrease
of pressure in these chambers. If now the igniting tube after the flame burns in
it is closed against the atmosphere, the flame enters the first exploding chamber,
exploding the mixture therein. This causes sufficient pressure to ignite through
the connecting openings the mixture in the following chamber, and so on until the
main exploding chamber is reached. The closing of the igniting tube against the
atmosphere may again be effected, as above mentioned, by means of a valve, cock,
slide or like contrivance.
3. The igniting tube is moveable, and slides or moves inside a fixed chamber in
such a manner that during its movement at a certain position the interior of the
igniting tube communicates with an exterior igniting flame, while the communi-
cation with the interior of the chamber is cut off. In a position following
immediately after this communication with the igniting flame and the atmosphere
is severed, and that with the interior of the chamber effected, so that the flame still

page_text: burning inside the igniting tube gets into contact with the inactive mixture in the
chamber, thereby igniting it.
4. Or the igniting tube may be fixed, and by the sliding or revolving motion of
a moveable cylinder outside same it is brought into communication first with the
atmosphere and an igniting flame, and next with the inactive mixture in the
chamber.
These igniting tubes may be moved by any suitable contrivance (crank gear,
eccentric, wheel armed with wipers), but a convenient manner of working them is
to utilize the motion of the piston or of the connecting rod of the piston crank.
For this purpose a small nose piece, projection, or tappet is fixed to the connecting
rod, or piston rod, or other part united with the piston, and this piece or projection
forces down and releases again a lever in connection with the igniting tube just at
the proper time for ignition, viz., generally at or near the dead point of the driving
piston. By giving this nose piece or projection and the lever the suitable length
and shape, the time of ignition can be attained with great accuracy.
The arrangement for regulating the quantity of gases to be exploded at each
stroke consists in the employment of a separate closed chainber connected by a
passage to the lower end of the cylinder of the pump by which the gases are forced
into the exploding chamber of the working cylinder. This passage is provided
with a contrivance (cock, valve, or slide) for varying the area thereof, and this
contrivance is connected to the governor (ball governor or other) in such a manner
that with higher speed of the engine the passage is opened, and with lower speed
closed. When opening the passage full the delivery of the pump will be decreased
by the full capacity of the chamber; when closing it entirely the pump will deliver
its full amount, and when throttling the passage the delivery of the pump will be
between both limits, and accordingly the power of the engine will be at its minimum,
maximum, or between both limits.
The automatic lubricating apparatus is worked by the slight pressure existing in
the exhaust pipe when the engine is running. By a small pipe connected to the
exhaust pipe and also to the top of the oil vessel this pressure is made to act on
the oil, which is forced down in this vessel and forced up in a small communicating
vessel, whence the oil is led by small pipes to the different parts to be lubricated.
These pipes branch off from the vessel at a higher level than the ordinary oil level,
therefore the oil can reach them only when made to rise by the pressure in the
exhaust pipe, and thus lubrication can only take place while the engine is running,
and stops when the engine is stopped. The distribution of the oil in proper
quantity at the different places may be regulated in any way. The pressure on
the level of the oil may equally well be used to move one or more small pistons
or diaphragms, and to thereby open the oil outlets from the general oil vessel,
which outlets again become closed when the engine is stopped and the pressure
discontinued.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Ernest de Pass in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 5th January
1882.
ERNEST DE PASS, of the Office for British and Foreign Patents, 68, Fleet Street,
in the City of London, Patent Agent. "IMPROVEMENTS IN GAS ENGINES."
A communication from abroad by Ernst Körting, of Hanover, in the German
Empire, Engineer.
This improved gas engine is distinguished from all others by a peculiar mixing
valve for the explosive gases, by a peculiar method of igniting these gases, by a
peculiar method of regulating the quantity of gases to be exploded according to the
desired power of the engine, and lastly, by a special automatic apparatus for
lubricating the working parts.
The mixing valves are constructed by placing tubular valve scat casings into
each other, and combining them firmly with another in such a manner that their
centre lines either represent one common centre line or are parallel to each other.
The several valve seats are closed simultaneously by one valve fitting them all.
Firmly connected with or in a piece with this valve are slide faces, which closely
touch the sides of the valve seat casings, and which are parallel to the centre line.
The slide faces are provided with ports or orifices, and when lifting the cone to
which they are connected they get opened according to its travel, thus allowing
the gases to pass; or the valve seat casings may be provided with ports or orifices.
These ports or orifices of the several valves open to exactly the same height, and
the area of opening being equal to the product of width multiplied by the height,
the proportion of these areas of the several valves placed in each other will with
any height of travel be equal to the width of the ports or orifices. This width
being constant it follows that the proportion of the mixture must also be
constant.
The cones can be made to lift automatically; in such case they must be weighted
or kept down by springs, or they may be opened and closed by means of any con-
venient mechanism.
The contrivances for igniting these gases are based upon the application or
employment of a finely bored nozzle, which although usually round may equally
well have any other sectional shape. The opening of this nozzle increases towards
its exterior, either gradually or in steps. Through this nozzle, hereinafter called
the igniting tube, the gaseous mixture issues under pressure from a chamber, and
while passing the tube gradually loses more and more of its initial velocity on
account of the increased bore of the nozzle; this permits of the mixture being
ignited at the end of the tube by an exterior flame. The flame burns into the tube
up to such a point at which the velocity of the stream of gas existing there permits
of a continuous burning. It will burn therein as long as fed by the gaseous
mixture through the small opening, and as long as the spent gases are still allowed
to escape at the exterior end of the tube.
The shape of the conical bore or the number of steps must be determined
according to circumstances, especially in respect to the pressure under which the
mixture escapes; the higher this pressure the wider must be the exterior opening.
The mixture issuing through the small initial opening while passing the increasing
areas gradually loses its velocity, as mentioned above, until at a certain point a
burning of the mixture or a flame can be sustained. The position of this particular
point changes with varying pressures of the mixture. The smaller this pressure
the further the flame will extend into the igniting tube; with greater pressure it
stops nearer the exterior end of the tube.

page_text: By means of this flame burning in the igniting tube, and which already is
sustained by the mixture to be exploded, the whole mixture inside the closed
chamber may easily be ignited by closing the igniting tube towards the atmo-
sphere after the flame burns in this tube, causing thereby simultaneously a
communication between its interior and inactive contents of the chamber.
This can be effected in different ways, viz.,-
1. The igniting tube after the flame burns in it is simply closed; the mixture
will then be forced from the chamber in which the explosion takes place into the
igniting tube, causing the pressure in both to be equalized immediately, and the
flame to enter the exploding chamber. This mode of ignition requires however a
rather wide bore, and consequently is suitable only. for a mixture under no very
great pressure, as otherwise great losses would result. The closing of the igniting
tube against the atmosphere may be effected by any mechanical contrivance, as, for
instance, by a cock, valve, slide, or the like.
2. Between the igniting tube and the exploding chamber one or several small
exploding chambers are arranged, which communicate with each other by small
openings, whose bore increases towards the igniting tube to cause a gradual decrease
of pressure in these chambers. If now the igniting tube after the flame burns in
it is closed against the atmosphere, the flame enters the first exploding chamber,
exploding the mixture therein. This causes sufficient pressure to ignite through
the connecting openings the mixture in the following chamber, and so on until the
main exploding chamber is reached. The closing of the igniting tube against the
atmosphere may again be effected, as above mentioned, by means of a valve, cock,
slide, or like contrivance.
3. The igniting tube is moveable, and slides or moves in-side a fixed chamber in
such a manner that during its movement at a certain position the interior of the
igniting tube communicates with an exterior igniting flame, while the communi-
cation with the interior of the chamber is cut off. In a position following
immediately after this communication with the igniting flame and the atmosphere
is severed, and that with the interior of the chamber effected, so that the flame
still burning inside the igniting tube comes into contact with the inactive mixture
in the chamber, thereby igniting it.
4. Or the igniting tube may be fixed, and by the sliding or revolving motion of
a movable cylinder outside same it is brought into communication, first, with the
atmosphere and an igniting flame, and next with the inactive mixture in the
chamber.
These igniting tubes may be moved by any suitable contrivance (crank gear,
eccentric, wheel armed with wipers), but a convenient manner of working them
is to utilize the motion of the piston or of the connecting rod of the piston crank.
For this purpose a small nose piece, projection, or tappet is fixed to the connecting
rod or piston, and this piece or projection forces down and releases again a lever
in connection with the igniting tube just at the proper time of ignition, viz.,
generally at or near the dead point of the driving piston. By giving this nose
piece or projection and the lever the suitable length and shape, the time of ignition
can be attained with great accuracy.
The arrangement for regulating the quantity of gases to be exploded at each
stroke consists in the employment of a separate closed chamber connected by a
passage or passages to the lower end of the cylinder of the pump, which forces the
gasses into the exploding chamber of the working cylinder. This passage is pro-
vided with a contrivance (valve cock or slide) for varying the area thereof, and
this contrivance is connected to the governor (ballgovernor or other) in such a
manner that with a higher speed of the engine the passage is opened, and with
lower speed closed. When opening the passage full the delivery of the pump will
be decreased by the full capacity of the chamber; when closing it entirely the pump
will deliver its full amount; and when throttling the passage the delivery of the
pump will be between both limits, and accordingly the power of the engine will
be at its minimum, maximum, or between both limits.

page_text: The automatic lubricating apparatus is worked by the slight pressure existing
in the exhaust pipe when the engine is running. By a small pipe connected to
the exhaust pipe and also to the upper part of the oil vessel the pressure is made
to act on the oil, which is forced down in this vessel, and forced up in a small
communicating vessel, whence the oil is led by small pipes to the different parts
to be lubricated; these pipes branch off from the vessel at a higher level than the
ordinary oil level, therefore the oil can reach them only when made to rise by the
pressure in the exhaust pipe, and thus lubrication can only take place while the
engine is running, and stops when the engine is stopped. The distribution of oil
in proper quantity at the different places may be regulated in any way. The
pressure on the level of the oil may equally well be used to move one or more
small pistons or diaphragms, and thereby to open the oil outlets from the general
oil vessel, which outlets again become closed, when the engine is stopped and the
pressure discontinued.
And in order that the Invention may be more fully understood and readily
carried into effect, I proceed to describe same, aided by the accompanying
Drawings.
Figures 1 and 2 represent a mixing valve for two gases in open condition (Fig. 1)
and in closed condition (Fig. 2); c and d are the valve-seats; e, the common plug
or cone. At its lower end the scat c is provided with openings o of a certain
width, which are more or less opened by the movement of the slide a, which is
formed in a piece with the valve plug e. Another slide b formed also in a piece
with the plug e fits against the inside surface of the valve seat d, and is provided
with orifices o' which are more or less uncovered with the lifting of the valve
plug e, thus allowing more or less passage to the gas entering by the pipe 1.
must be that the two slides a and b commence to open the orifices o and o¹
at exactly the same time. Both gases leave the, valve through the orifices v,
the width of which should be at least equal to the sum of the widths of the
orifices o and o¹.
Care
Fig. 3 shews a valve of nearly similar construction to that shewn in Figs. 1
and 2, only the orifices o' instead of being in the slide b are in the valve seat &;
the dotted lines shew how the gas may be led to the outer valve by means of a
pipe.
Fig. 4 represents a mixing valve without the slide a of the outer valve, the
openings o being replaced by the annular passage formed by the lifting of the
valve plug the openings o¹ are formed in the slide b, which is arranged as a cap
on the top of the plug; they may however be formed in the valve-seat d.
Fig. shews a mixing valve (in cross section) the width of the orifices o of
which is made variable by means of a turning slides in such a manner that the
gases, in proportion to each other, may be varied at will by simply turning the
slide more or less.
The orifices o, o', may be modified with respect to position and manner of cutting
them in various ways; they may be parallel with the axis of the valves, or they
may be inclined; the sectional shape of the valves may be modified at will as a
rule, the shape should be circular. The valve may be self-acting, or the plug may
be moved by any suitable mechanism.
Fig. 6 represents an igniting apparatus with a cock at the mouth of the conical
tube h.
Fig. 7 shews an igniting apparatus with a valve at the mouth of the conical
tube h.
With these apparatus the ignition of the mixed gases under pressure takes place
as follows: The mixed gases issuing from the small bore lose their velocity
gradually, and become ignited by the outside flame f. The flame of burning
mixture then retires into the interior of the conical tube until it reaches a point
where the velocity still allows a flame to be maintained, and there continues to
burn steadily until the mouth of the pipe is closed against the atmosphere. The
flame of burning mixture no longer finding free escape retires still further back

page_text: into the cone, and finally passes from the cone into the main body of the explosive
mixture, and ignites the whole of it. Instead of a cock or valve for closing the
mouth any other mechanism may be applied therefor.
Figs. 8 and 9 shew an igniting apparatus consisting also of the conical tube h
and mechanism for closing its mouth against the atmosphere, but in this case the
conical tube is provided with an intermediate chamber 7. Like letters represent
like parts to those of Figs. 6 and 7.
Fig. 10 shews an igniting apparatus, like that shewn in Figs. 8 and 9, but
provided with two intermediate chambers 7 and m.
The effect of these chambers is as follows:-The flame of burning mixture when
retiring into the narrowest part of the conical tube is liable to become extinguished
by the surrounding cool surfaces of metal, therefore the bore should not be so
very small. If this bore however is rather large it causes great loss of mixture,
while the mouth of the tube is open to the atmosphere. It is to avoid this loss
that the intermediate chambers are provided. The bore is retained very small
to insure little loss, the bore r² (Fig. 10) is sufficiently large to insure the flame
from the tube h retiring into the chamber as soon as the mouth of the tube is
closed against the atmosphere. Thus the contents of the first chamber will be
exploded with certainty, and by the pressure thus produced the explosion will be
communicated through the bore r¹ (Fig. 10) to the second chamber m, and from
there in the same manner to the main chamber.
More than two chambers may be arranged if found convenient, regard being had
to the pressure to which the mixture is exposed.
Figs. 11 and 12 shew an igniting apparatus consisting of a tube h (terminating
in a conical nozzle), which moves up and down in a surrounding fixed body b; the
tube h in Fig. 11 is raised, and in Fig. 12 it is lowered; s and y are orifices cut in
the tube ; t and p are valve seats to avoid loss when the tubo is at the end of its
travel; fis the outside igniting flame. The mode of igniting the mixture under
pressure is as follows:-The tube h being raised (Fig. 11) the compressed mixture
issues through the bore 7, and passes with greatly reduced velocity through the
tube h, becoming ignited through the now open orifices s by the flame f; the flame
of burning mixture then retires suddenly into the interior of the tube where it
continues to burn, until a point is attained where the velocity of the mixture is
already sufficiently reduced for allowing a flame to be maintained. The orifices g
are covered by the body b. When the conical tube is quickly lowered into the
position shewn in Fig. 12, the orifices s are covered by the body b and the
orifices g become uncovered towards the interior of the chamber containing the
compressed mixture of gases, which thus comes into direct communication with
the Hame inside the tube and explodes. The number of the apertures s and g, as
well as their position in the tube h, may be modified at will; it is necessary
however that simultaneously with the closing of the apertures s by the surrounding
body b on the pipe moving downwards, that the orifices g should be uncovering.
Figs. 13 and 14 represent an igniting apparatus with a conical tube / turning in
a fixed body like the plug of a cock. In Fig. 13 the plug is shewn with the
orifices s in communication with the flame f, and Fig. 14 the orifices s are covered
and the orifices g are in communication with the interior of the chamber, the
contents of which are to be exploded. Similar letters represent like parts to those
in Figs. 11 and 12, also the mode of ignition is the same, only the up and down
movement of the conical tube is here converted into a turning or circular one.
Fig. 15 shews an igniting apparatus similar to the preceding one, only the
orifices (Figs. 13 and 14) form one with the orifices s, the latter becoming
uncovered towards the interior of the chamber at the moment they become covered
towards the atmosphere.
Fig. 16 shews an igniting apparatus consisting of a fixed conical tube h with
cylindrical mouthpiece. In this cylinder the hollow cylindrical slide b is moving
up and down. In the tube and in the slide corresponding orifices 8 and gare
contrived. The mode of ignition by moving the slide b is as follows:-In the

page_text: raised position the orifices g in the tube h are covered by by the slide b, and the
orifices s allow the interior of the pipe to correspond with the atmosphere and
with the flame f, the compressed mixture issuing through the fine bore 7 becomes
ignited by the flame f, the flame of mixture retires into the interior of the pipe and
continues to burn therein to a certain point. In the lowered position of the slide b
the orifices s are covered by the tube h, and a valve t at the end of the slide
prevents all leakage, the orifices g become uncovered, and free intercourse between
the flame inside the tube h and the interior of the chamber is permitted, the
consequence of which is that the contents are at once exploded.
Fig. 17 shews a modification of the preceding apparatus, similar letters represent
similar parts to those in Fig. 16.
Figs. 18 and 18* shew similar apparatus with a revolving slide b, similar letters
represent similar parts to those in Figs. 16 and 17, also the mode of ignition is the
same, but the slido b instead of moving up and down revolves like the plug of
a cock.
The enlargement of the conical tube h may also be attained by forming the same
in steps or degrees (Figs. 11, 13, 17) instead of by one continuous line.
The small bore r, instead of being central to the tube h, may be bored at a right
angle (Fig. 16) or any other angle to the axis of the tube h.
Fig. 19 shews a peculiar mechanism for working the igniting apparatus by means
of the engine. a is the piston; b, a nose piece or projection fixed to the connecting
rod of the piston and acting on the arm c of a lover, the other arm of which imparts
movement to the igniting apparatus. On the descent of the piston the nose piece b,
by striking against the lever c, opens the igniting apparatus, and at the dead point
of the piston course, or very near it, the nose piece by sliding away from the lever c
permits a powerful springs (here drawn as a spiral one) to suddenly close the
igniting apparatus, thus exploding the compressed mixture under the piston, as
herein before described and shewn. By giving the nose piece b and the lever ca
convenient shape and length, the exact time of explosion may be attained with the
greatest minuteness. The entire time occupied for effecting the explosion, viz., the
time from the touching of the lever c by the nose piece b up to the moment that
the explosion takes place is a very short one, not more than ✓ of a second, and as
only during this time the igniting apparatus is kept open it shows that only a very
small loss of useful mixture can possibly take place. Instead of fixing the nose
piece to the connecting rod, it may be fixed to any part belonging to the
crank gear of the driving piston, or any part belonging to another crank gear, the
crank of which is parallel or nearly parallel to that of the piston.
To avoid the hard blows of metal against metal when the spring shoots the
ignition down, an air buffer e is applied to the rod connecting the igniting apparatus
with the lever. This air buffer may be placed anywhere between the igniting
apparatus and the lever c as found convenient.
Fig. 20 shews a regulating apparatus of a gas engine, which is provided with a
special pump for driving the explosive mixture into the working cylinder. A is
the pump cylinder, B the back pressure valve of same, ca chamber connected to
the end of the pump cylinder by means of a passage which is opened or closed by
mechanism D worked by the governor E in a manner that the passage is shut, viz.,
partly shut when the engine is running slowly, and opened when it is running
quickly. The mechanism D may be a valve (Fig. 20), or a flat slide (Fig. 21), or an
equilibrated cylinder slide (Fig. 22), or a cock (Fig. 23), or a turning slide (Fig. 24).
The governor E may be of any shape and construction, as may also be the chamber c.
The working of the contrivance is as follows:-
If the engine runs quickly the governor opens the passage D, and the pump
forces less mixture into the cylinder, because a part of the mixture when compressed
enters the chamber c and expands again when the pump piston rises. The explosion
in the driving cylinder is therefore less powerful. If the engine runs slowly the
governor closes the contrivance D; and as no mixture can now enter the chamber c

page_text: the whole volume displaced by the piston will be forced into the working cylinder,
thus producing the most powerful explosion possible.
Fig. 25 shews an arrangement of several chambers'c which are so combined that
the mechanism D opens or closes the communication of the pump cylinder with
these chambers one after the other. Similar letters of reference represent like
parts to those in Fig. 20.
Fig. 26 shews a lubricating apparatus, consisting of a vessel divided by a
partition S into two compartments A and B communicating with each other at
the bottom. A pipe H is connected to the upper part of A, and branches off from
the exhaust pipe of the engine. When the engine is running, and therefore a
certain pressure is existing in the exhaust, the same pressure will also be exerted
on the level in A, and will cause the oil to rise in the compartment B, thus filling
the small trough o, and from there the small lubricating pipes D and E, by means
of which it becomes distributed to such places as required. When the engine is at
rest and the pressure ceases the oil returns to its original level and leaves the
trough c and the pipes E and D empty. Instead of the two pipes D and E thero
may be three or more branching off from the trough c.
Fig. 27 shews a lubricating apparatus of a somewhat different construction. A is
the oil vessel, Da small lubricating pipe by which the oil is distributed, F is a
small valve or spindle opening or closing the pipe D, according to the position of a
small piston G to which the valve or spindle is connected. H is a pipe leading
from the exhaust to the upper part of the vessel A. While the engine is running
the slight pressure then existing in the exhaust pipe, raises the piston G and the
valve F, and allows the oil to run through the pipe D to such places as required;
while the engine is at rest the piston and valve fall back and close the pipe D.
Instead of a piston G a diaphragm of india-rubber, leather, or other suitablo
material may be used, to which the valve F is connected. The shape and arrange-
ment of the vessel A of the pipe D, and of the piston or diaphragm G may be.
modified at will. Instead of one lubricating pipe with valve, &c., several may be
connected to the vessel A.
Having now described the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the
same may be performed, I declare that I claim,—
1. The combination of the mixing valves with the slides a and b on the valve
plug, for the purpose of uncovering the orifices o, o', on the rising of said plug
for the passage of the gases, substantially as described and shewn in Figs. 1, 2, 3,
and 4.
2. The arrangement of the regulating slide 8, as described and shewn, with
reference to Fig. 5.
3. The construction and employment of igniting apparatus, consisting of a fixed
finely bored tube with increasing sectional area, the mouth of which is closed by a
cock, slide, or valve, substantially as described, and as shewn in Figs. 6, 7, 8, 9, and
10, of the annexed Drawings.
4. The construction and employment of igniting apparatus (as above claimed
under No. 3) with intermediate exploding chambers, substantially as described and
as shewn in Figs. 8, 9, and 10, of the annexed Drawings.
5. The construction and employment of igniting apparatus consisting of a finely
bored tube with increasing sectional area, sliding up and down in a fixed body, and
provided with openings s and g for communication with the atmosphere, and with
the interior of the exploding chamber respectively, substantially as described and
as shewn in Figs. 11 and 12 of the Drawings.
6. The arrangement of valve seats t and p, as described and as shewn for the
purpose set forth.
7. The construction and employment of the igniting apparatus claimed under
No. 5, but in which the conical tube revolves instead of sliding upwards and
downwards, substantially as described and shown in Figs. 13, 14 and 15, of the
annexed Drawings.
S. The construction and employment of the igniting apparatus, consisting of a

page_text: fixed finely bored tube (having an increasing sectional area) and a hollow piston
provided with the orifices s and g) moving up and down in said tube, for the
purpose of effecting communication between the interior of the tube and the
atmosphere, or between the tube and the interior of the exploding chamber,
substantially as described and as shewn in Fig. 16 of the annexed Drawings.
9. The arrangement of valve t on the hollow slide 6 (Fig. 16), as described and
shewn for the purpose set forth.
10. The construction and employment of the igniting apparatus (claimed under
No. 8), but with the hollow piston moving outside the conical tube, substantially as
described and as shewn in Fig. 17 of the Drawings.
11. The construction and employment of the igniting apparatus (claimed under
Nos. 8 and 10), but in which the hollow piston instead of moving up and down is
caused to revolve, substantially as described and as shewn in Figs 18 and 18* of
the Drawings.
12. The nose piece or projection b arranged on the piston rod, or on the connecting
rod, or on any other part firmly connected to the piston for working the igniting
mechanism, as described and as shewn in Fig. 19 of the Drawings.
13. The combination of the chamber or chambers c with the pump of a gas
engine by means of a passage or passages opened or closed by suitable contrivances
in connection with the governor, for regulating the quantity of mixture delivered by
the pump to the driving cylinder of the engine, substantially as described and as
shewn in Figs. 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, and 25 of the Drawings.
14. In oil vessels for lubricating purposes in gas engines the pipe H leading
from the exhaust pipe of the engine to above the oil level for effecting a certain
pressure by which the oil is raised in a communicating vessel and enters pipes
leading to the parts to be lubricated, or by which pressure a small piston or
diaphragm is raised, to which a valve is connected which opens or closes the inlet
of the oil to the lubricating pipes, substantially as described and shewn in Figs. 26
and 27 of the Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said Ernest de Pass, have hereunto set my hand.
and seal, this Twenty third day of December, in the year 1881.