IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR GENERATING AND CONDENSING STEAM, THE SAME BEING ESPECIALLY APPLICABLE FOR OBTAINING FRESH OR DRINKING WATER FROM SEA OR SALT WATER a communication
Year: 1883

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Hodgart of the firm of Fullerton Hodgart & Barclay
of Paisley in the County of Renfrew North Britain, Engineer for an Invention
of "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR GENERATING AND CONDENSING STEAM,
THE SAME BEING ESPECIALLY APPLICABLE FOR OBTAINING FRESH OR DRINKING
WATER FROM SEA OR SALT WATER a communication to him from abroad by
Dixon Provand of Valparaiso, Chili
"
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Hodgart at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 13th March 1883.
JOHN HODGART of the firm of Fullerton Hodgart & Barclay of Paisley, in the
County of Renfrew, North Britain, Engineer, "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR
GENERATING AND CONDENSING STEAM, THE SAME BEING ESPECIALLY APPLICABLE FOR
[a communi-
OBTAINING FRESH OR DRINKING WATER FROM SEA OR SALT WATER
cation to hini from abroad by Dixon Provand of Valparaiso, Chili]
"
This Invention which relates to Improvements in apparatus for generating and
condensing steam, is especially applicable for obtaining fresh or drinking water
from sea or salt water and it consists generally in using one or a series of two or
more generating condensers, which may be of any shape or construction, each
consisting essentially of two chambers or compartments, or combinations of these,
separated by metallic plates, which may be flat, corrugated, cylindrical, or of other
form, so arranged as to permit the passage of heat by conduction, through the
metallic plates from one of the two chambers or compartments, or combinations of
these to the other, but preventing the passage of water or steam.
In each generating condenser one of the two chambers or compartments, or
combinations of these, serves for the condensation of steam and is for convenience
herein called the condensing compartment, while the other of the two chambers or
compartments, or combinations of these, which serves for the evaporation of water
and generation of steam is called the generating compartment.
Each generating condenser, therefore, consists essentially of a condensing com-
partment and a generating compartment, separated one from the other by steam-
tight and water-tight metallic walls or partitions, which however allow the free

page_text: passage of heat from one compartment to the other by conduc
metal.
www
For brevity the word condenser alone is used to indicate this generating
condenser.
The condensing and generating compartments in each condenser have separate
and independent inlets and outlets.
The condenser or the series of condensers is intended to occupy an intermediate
position between a boiler or other steam generator and an ordinary surface-
condenser of any type; and its object is to increase or multiply the amount of
condensed water obtained by the consumption of fuel in the boiler or steam
generator. According to the number of condensers employed between the boiler
and surface-condenser, will the condensed water obtained from the boiler be
multiplied or increased.
If only one condenser is used it is so arranged that, by pipes or otherwise, the
condensing compartment is in free, communication with the steam space of the
boiler, while the upper part or steam space of the generating compartment is in
free communication with the surface-condenser.
If a series of two or more condensers is employed, the condensers are so arranged
that the condensing compartment of the first of the series is in free communication
with the steam space of the boiler, while the generating compartment of the same
condenser is in free communication (from its upper part or steam space) with the
condensing compartment of the second condenser of the series; and whatever be
the number of condensers in the series, the generating compartment of each is in
communication with the condensing compartment of that which follows it in
the series, until the last condenser, in the case of which the generating compart-
ment is in communication with any ordinary surface condenser.
Besides these steam communications, both condensing and generating compart-
ments of all the condensers have outlets fitted with cocks, valves, or other means
of opening and closing them; those of the condensing compartments to allow of
drawing off, as may be required, the air and condensed water which accumulate;
and those of the generating compartments, situated preferably near the bottom, to
blow off the concentrated liquid or brine and any loose sediment which may
collect.
The generating compartments also have inlets for keeping up, by feed pumps or
by equivalent means, the supply of salt water, or other liquid being distilled, so as
to compensate for the loss by evaporation; and convenient doors or other openings
for obtaining access for the cleaning off any deposit or incrustation which may
form during evaporation..
In working, all the condensers of the series are filled to a convenient height with
the salt water or other liquid to be distilled, and steam (preferably of a high
pressure) is admitted from the boiler, or other steam generator, into the condensing
compartment of the first condenser of the series.-The heat from this steam passes
by conduction through the metallic separating plates into the liquid in the
generating compartment of this condenser, raising the liquid to ebullition; the
steam here formed passes to the condensing compartment of the second condenser
of the series, causing in its turn the ebullition of the liquid in the generating com-
partment of this, the second condenser; and so on to the last of the series.-The
steam from the generating compartment of the last condenser of the series is
carried to an ordinary surface-condenser to be condensed, and the circulating water
here employed for condensation can be used as a hot feed for keeping up the
supply of liquid to be evaporated in the generating compartments of all the
condensers.
The result of this arrangement and combination of condensers is, that steam of
a comparitively high pressure being admitted into the condensing compartment of
the first of the series, the heat gradually passes from one to another until the
liquid in the generating compartments of all the condensers is in a state of
ebullition; and the steam from the last of the series being condensed about or

page_text: below atmospheric pressure, that in the others of the series reaches and maintains
pressures varying between the initial pressure of the steam in the condensing com-
partment of the first and that in the generating compartment of the last of the
series; so that the pressure in either compartment of the second condenser of the
series is less than in the corresponding compartment of the first; in the third less
than in the second, and so on to the end of the series whatever its number.
Being in free communication, the generating compartment of any one condenser
has the same pressure in it as in the condensing compartment of that which
follows it in the series, and, consequently in each condenser, when working, the
pressure in the condensing compartment is greater than that in the generating
compartment of the same condenser.-The object of obtaining this difference of
pressure is that, the boiling points of liquids varying according to the pressures on
their surfaces, the steam in the condensing compartment of each condenser is
condensed, and by conduction through the metallic plates, gives up its latent and
part of its sensible heat to the liquid, boiling at a lower pressure (and consequently
lower temperature) on the other side of the plates, in the generating compartment.
The steam from the boiler is therefore all condensed in the condensing compart-
ment of the first condenser, owing to the abstraction of all its latent and part of
its sensible heat by the liquid evaporating, on the other side of the metallic
partitions, in the generating compartment, and this heat will be sufficient to
evaporate, at the lower pressure in the generating compartment, a quantity of
water not greatly inferior to that of the steam from the boiler condensed in the
condensing compartment.-This steam as it is formed, passing from the generating
compartment of the first condenser to the condensing compartment of the second
will in the same way in condensing give up its latent heat to the liquid evaporating
at a still lower pressure in the generating compartment of the second condenser ;
and so on through the series.
We thus get from the condensing compartment of the first condenser all the
steam taken from the boiler, and from the condensing compartment of each
succeeding condenser, and lastly from the surface condenser, additional quantities
of condensed water; each condenser giving somewhat less, owing to loss of heat by
radiation, in blow off of brine and condensed water or sedimentary deposit, than
the condenser preceding it.--Hence by this system and arrangement we multiply
or increase largely, according to the number of condensers, and without pro-
portionately increasing the consumption of fuel in the boiler, the condensed water
obtained from the boiler.
The greater the number of condensers in the series the greater is the increase
of condensed water over that given directly by the boiler.-The number of
condensers admissable in the series is limited by the initial temperature and
corresponding pressure of steam in the boiler, by the amount of conducting
surface in the condensers in proportion to the evaporation required and by the loss
of heat by radiation, blow off, and the production of deposit.
The hot condensed water, and the air mixed with steam drawn off from the
condensing compartments of the different condensers, passes through a surface-
condenser or cooler which may be either the same as that through which the
steam from the generating compartment of the last condenser of the series passes,
or it may be a separate cooler or coolers, in which the condensed water is cooled;
under pressure or otherwise, and the air or gases which were separated from it by
the heat are re-absorbed or dissolved, thus giving cool aerated water; and the
circulating water thus heated may be utilized for the hot feed to the generating
compartments of the different condensers. Where many condensers are used in
series and the hot feed is insufficient, the blow off may also be utilized for heating
the feed water by contact through pipes or otherwise.
If preferred the hot condensed water from the first condenser may be returned,
either by gravitation or a feed pump to the boiler, thus avoiding all danger of
deposit or incrustation and consequent danger of burning the boiler, and admitting

page_text: of the use of tubular or other classes of boiler which owing to the difficulty of
cleaning, could not be used with salt or sea water.
The condensers and their communications are by preference covered with non-
conducting material to prevent as much as possible the loss of heat by radiation
and conduction. The feed supplied to the different condensers should be as hot as
possible, the condensation depending on the evaporation of a liquid boiling at a
lower temperature and not by the raising of a cold liquid to a higher temperature.
The air escapes from the condensing compartments should be as far as possible
from the steam inlet.-If steam engines are used for driving pumps or other
mechanisin, they may be worked by the mixture of steam and air, escaping from
the air outlet.
The condensed water from the condensing compartments may be drawn off
automatically as it accumulates by traps or otherwise.-The feeds to the condensers
may also be made automatic and the blow off may be governed automatically by
the specific gravity or the boiling point of the liquid.-These however are not
essentials to the Patent applied for.
One form of condenser particularly applicable for the purposes of this invention
is one in which a series of tubes with closed ends and inverted, and being formed
with conical seats are by the pressure of the steam maintained tight in the holes
in the tube plates wherein they are carried, so that the higher the pressure of
steam used, the more tightly the tubes are held.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said John Hodgart in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 13th September
1883.
JOHN HODGART of the firm of Fullerton, Hodgart and Barclay of Paisley,
in the County of Renfrew, North Britain, Engineer, "IMPROVEMENTS IN
"
APPARATUS FOR GENERATING AND CONDENSING STEAM, THE SAME BEING ESPECIALLY
APPLICABLE FOR OBTAINING FRESH OR DRINKING WATER FROM SEA OR SALT. WATER,"
a communication to me from abroad by Dixon Provand of Valparaiso, Chili,
The said Invention which relates to Improvements in apparatus for generating
and condensing steam, is especially applicable for obtaining fresh or drinking
water from sea or salt water and it consists generally in using one or a series of
two or more generating condensers, which may be of any shape or construction,
each consisting essentially of two chambers or compartments, or combinations of
these, separated by metallic plates, which may be flat, corrugated, cylindrical,
or of other form so arranged as to permit the passage of heat by conduction,.
through the metallic plates from one of the two chambers or compartments or.
combinations of these to the other, but preventing the passage of water or steam.
In each generating condenser one of the two chambers or compartments or
combinations of these, serves for the condensation of steam and is for convenience
herein called the condensing compartment while the other of the two chambers
or compartments, or combination of these, which serves for the evaporation of
water and generation of steam is called the generating compartment. .
Each generating condenser, therefore, consists essentially of a condensing
compartment and a generating compartment, separated one from the other by
steam-tight and water-tight metallic walls or partitions which however allow the
free passage of heat from one compartment to the other by conduction through
the metal.
For brevity the word condenser alone is used to indicate this generating
condenser.
The condensing and generating compartments in each condenser have separate
and independent inlets and outlets.
The condenser or the series of condensers is intended to occupy an intermediate.
position between a boiler or other steam generator and an ordinary surface-
condenser of any type; and its object. is to increase or multiply the amount of
condensed water obtained by the consumption of fuel in the boiler or steam®.
generator. According to the number of condensers employed between the boiler.
and surface-condenser, will the condensed water obtained from the boiler be.
multiplied or increased.
If only one condenser is used it is so arranged that, by pipes or otherwise, the
condensing compartment is in free communication with the steam space of the
boiler, while the upper part or steam space of the generating compartment is in.
free communication with the surface-condenser.
If a series of two or more condensers is employed, the condensers are BO
arranged that the condensing compartment of the first of the series is in. free
communication with the steam space of the boiler, while the generating compart-
ment of the same condenser is in free communication (from its upper part or
steam space) with the condensing compartment of the second condenser of the
series;
and whatever be the number of condensers in the series, the generating
compartment of each is in communication with the condensing compartment of
that which follows it in the series, until the last condenser, in the case of which

page_text: the generating compartment is in communication with any ordinary surface
condenser.
Besides these steam communications, both condensing and generating compart-
ments of all the condensers have outlets fitted with cocks, valves, or other means
of opening and closing them; those of the condensing compartments to allow of
drawing off, as may be required, the air and condensed water which accumulate,
and those of the generating compartments situated preferably near the bottom,
to blow off the concentrated liquid or brine and any loose sediment which may
collect.
The generating compartments also have inlets for keeping up, by feed pumps or
by equivalent means, the supply of salt water, or other liquid being distilled, so as
to compensate for the loss by evaporation; and convenient doors or other openings
for obtaining access for the cleaning off any deposit or incrustation which may
form during evaporation.
In working, all the condensers of the series are filled to a convenient height with
the salt water or other liquid to be distilled, and steam (preferably of a high
pressure) is admitted from the boiler or other steam generator into the condensing
compartment of the first condenser of the series.-The heat from this steam passes
by conduction through the metallic separating plates into the liquid in the
generating compartment of this condenser raising the liquid to ebullition; the
steam here formed passes to the condensing compartment of the second condenser
of the series, causing in its turn the ebullition of the liquid in the generating
compartment of this, the second condenser, and so on to the last of the series.-The
steam from the generating compartment of the last condenser of the series is
carried to an ordinary surface-condenser to be condensed, and the circulating water
here employed for condensation can be used as a hot feed for keeping up the
supply of liquid to be evaporated in the generating compartments of all the
condensers,
•
The result of this arrangement and combination of condensers is, that steam of
a comparatively high pressure being admitted into the condensing compartment of
the first of the series, the heat gradually passes from one to another until the liquid
in the generating compartments of all the condensers is in a state of ebullition;
and the steam from the last of the series being condensed about or below
atmospheric pressure, that in the others of the series reaches and maintains
pressures varying between the initial pressure of the steam in the condensing
compartment of the first and that in the generating compartment of the last of
the series; so that the pressure in either compartment of the second condenser of
the series is less than in the corresponding coinpartment of the first; in the third
less than in the second and so on to the end of the series whatever its number.
Being in free communication, the generating compartment of any one condenser
has the same pressure in it as in the condensing compartment of that which
follows it in the series, and, consequently in each condenser, when working, the
pressure in the condensing compartment is greater than that in the generating
compartment of the same condenser. The object of obtaining this difference of
pressure is that, the boiling points of liquids varying according to the pressures on
their surfaces, the steam in the condensing compartment of each condenser is
condensed, and by conduction through the metallic plates gives up its latent
and part of its sensible heat to the liquid, boiling at a lower pressure (and
consequently lower temperature) on the other side of the plates in the generating
compartment.
The steam from the boiler is therefore all condensed in the condensing
compartment of the first condenser, owing to the abstraction of all its latent
and part of its sensible heat by the liquid evaporating on the other side of the
metallic partitions in the generating compartment and this heat will be sufficient
to evaporate at the lower pressure in the generating compartment, a quantity of
water not greatly inferior to that of the steam from the boiler condensed in the
condensing compartment. This steam as it is formed, passing from the generating

page_text: compartment of the first condenser to the condensing compartment of the second
will in the same way in condensing give up its latent heat to the liquid
evaporating at a still lower pressure in the generating compartment of the second
condenser, and so on through the series.
There is thus got from the condensing compartment of the first condenser all the
steam taken from the boiler and from the condensing compartment of each
succeeding condenser, and lastly from the surface condenser additional quantities of
condensed water each condenser giving somewhat less, owing to loss of heat by
radiation, in blow off of brine and condensed water or sedimentary deposit, than
the condenser preceding it.-Hence by this system and arrangement there is
multiplied or increased largely, according to the number of condensers, and without
proportionately increasing the consumption of fuel in the boiler, the condensed
water obtained from the boiler.
The greater the number of condensers in the series the greater is the increase of
condensed water over that given directly by the boiler.-The number of condensers
admissable in the series is limited by the initial temperature and corresponding
pressure of steam in the boiler, by the amount of conducting surface in the
condensers in proportion to the evaporation required and by the loss of heat by
radiation, blow off, and the production of deposit.
The hot condensed water and the air mixed with steam drawn off from the
condensing compartments of the different condensers, passes through a surface-
condenser or cooler which may be either the same as that through which the steam
from the generating compartment of the last condenser of the series passes or it
may be a separate cooler or coolers in which the condensed water is cooled under
pressure or otherwise, and the air or gases which were separated from it by the
heat are re-absorbed or dissolved thus giving cool aerated water; and the
circulating water thus heated may be utilized for the hot feed to the generating
compartments of the different condensers.-Where many condensers are used in
series and the bot feed is insufficient, the blow off may also be utilized for heating
the feed water by contact through pipes or otherwise.
If preferred the hot condensed water from the first condenser may be returned,
either by gravitation or a feed pump to the boiler, thus avoiding all danger of
deposit or incrustation and consequent danger of burning the boiler and admitting
of the use of tubular or other classes of boiler which owing to the difficulty of
cleaning, could not be used with salt or sea water.
The condensers and their communications are by preference covered with
non-conducting material to prevent as much as possible the loss of heat by
radiation and conduction.-The feed supplied to the different condensers should be
as hot as possible, the condensation depending on the evaporation of a liquid
boiling at a lower temperature and not by the raising of a cold liquid to a higher
temperature.
The air-escapes from the condensing compartments should be as far as possible
from the steam inlet.-If steam-engines are used for driving pumps or other
mechanism they may be worked by the mixture of steam and air escaping from
the air outlet.
The condensed water from the condensing compartments may be drawn off
automatically as it accumulates by traps or otherwise.-The feeds to the condensers
may also be made automatic and the blow off may be governed automatically by
the specific gravity or the boiling point of the liquid.-These however are not
essentials to the Patent applied for.
'
One form of condenser particularly applicable for the purposes of this Invention
is one in which a series of tubes with closed ends and inverted, and being formed
with conical seats are by the pressure of the steam maintained tight in the holes in
the tube plates wherein they are carried so that the higher the pressure of steam
used, the more tightly the tubes. are held.
And in order that the said Invention may be properly understood I now proceed
more particularly to set forth the system, mode or manner in or under which the

page_text: '
same is or may be used or practically carried into effect, reference being had to the
accompanying Drawings and to the letters and Figures marked thereon that is
to say :-
Figures 1, 2, and 3, are respectively longitudinal section, transverse section and
part end elvation [sic] of one form of apparatus constructed according to this
Invention.
Figure 4, is a front elevation of apparatus constructed according to this
Invention, arranged in series and connected with further apparatus (a portion of
which is shewn in transverse section) for operating the same.
Figure 5, is a plan of the same, a portion of the apparatus connected therewith
being represented in horizontal section.
Figure 6, is a transverse section taken on the line A, B, Figure 4.
Figure 7, is a longitudinal section of a part of the apparatus connected with and
operating the apparatus constructed according to this Invention.
Figures 8 to 17, (inclusive) represent in diagram modified forms of apparatus
constructed according to this Invention.
Each generator shewn at Figures 1 to 6, (inclusive) and more particularly shewn
in detail by the enlarged views at Figures 1, 2, and 3, consists of a cylindrical
vessel a, which for the sake of brevity is hereinafter referred to as the generator, to
the ends of which are fitted the hollow elliptically shaped chests b, which are
provided with covers c.-The front and back chests b, are in communication with
each other by the pipes d, and the two back chests are in communication by the
pipe e, shewn at Figures 1, 5, and 6.-To one of the front chests the steam inlet
pipe f is connected and provided with a valve at g, Figures 5, and 6, which is
again connected with the main steam pipe h, Figures 4, 5, and 6.-To the other
front chest there is attached the outlet pipe i, as shewn at Figures 1, 3, 4, 5, and 6,
provided with two valves at j, and k―The valve at j, is connected with the con-
densed water pipe 7, and the other valve at k, is connected with the stream trap m.
-At the opposite side of the steam trap m, the valve at n, is fitted and is con-
nected with the condensed water pipe 7, by the pipe o.- -To the upper part of
this same chest b, there is fitted the steam and air outlet pipe p, Figures 1, 4, 5,
and 6, fitted with a valve at q, and in communication with the pipe -To the
lower end of the pipe p, the condensed water pipe 8, is fitted and is connected
with the hereinbefore mentioned pipe o.-The generator a, is provided with a
safety-valve at t, of any suitable construction and it is also provided with suitable
"manholes" x, for affording access to the interior of the said generator for cleaning,
repairing, or other purposes.-At any convenient part of the generator a, there is
fitted the steam outlet u, preferably constructed as shewn with the pipe v, into
which the steam passes through the holes w, and which pipe is carried from the
brackets y, or by any other suitable means.-To the underside of the generator a,
the outlet z, is fitted for the purpose of blowing or drawing off the concentrated
liquid or brine and any loose sediment which may collect when the generator is in
operation. This outlet z, is in communication with the pipes a', and 61, which are
respectively provided with the valves at c¹, and d².
The generator and its attachments hereinbefore described when operated singly
are connected by the steam inlet pipe f, as is shewn at Figures 4, 5, and 7, to a
boiler e¹, or other steam generator and by the steam outlet pipe u, to a surface
condenser f', Figures 4, and 5, of any suitable construction.-The condensed water
pipe, may also be connected with the pipe conducting the steam and condensed
water to the surface condenser f¹-The heated water produced in the surface
condenser in condensing the steam from the generator may be pumped or otherwise
injected into the generator in order to reduce as much as possible the loss of heat
which would ensue if this heated water were wasted and cold water injected
into the generator.
When the generator is used in series with other generators and their attachments
as represented at Figures 4, and 5, the condensing compartment consisting of the
pipes d, of the first generator of the series is connected direct to the boilers e¹; or

page_text: other steam generator, the valve at g', being closed.-The generating compartment
of the first generator, that is to say the compartment wherein the salt or sea water
is brought up to a state of ebullition by the passage of steam through the pipes d,
is in direct communication with the condensing compartments of the second of the
series, so that the steam given off from the generating compartment of the first
generator serves to heat the water in the generating compartment of the second
generator, the valves at h¹ being closed and those at i, being opened for this
purpose. The process just described with reference to the first and second generator
is continued throughout the generators of the series, the generating compartment
of all the generators except the last being in free communication with the
condensing compartment of the generator that follows it in the series, while the
generating compartment of the last of the series is in free communication with
the surface condenser f¹, which may be of any desired construction.-The steam
given off from the generating compartment of one generator is prevented from
passing into the generating compartment of the following generator by the valves
at, being closed, these valves and those at g, g³, and i admit of any one or more
of the generators being cut out of the series for cleaning, repairing or for other
reasons. The condensed water from the condensing compartments of the generators
is conveyed through the pipe l, to the surface condenser and the water heated at
this condenser may be injected into the generators by the pumps 1, or by any other
suitable means. Where many generators are used in series and the hot feed from
the surface condenser is insufficient in quantity, the blow off may also be utilized
for heating a further supply of feed water by contact through pipes or otherwise.-
The hot condensed water from the first generator is returned at or near boiling
point either by gravitation or a feed pump to the boilers e¹, thereby diminishing.
the danger of deposit or incrustation and consequent burning of the boiler through
the use of salt or sea water, and admitting the employment of tubular or other
classes of boiler which, owing to the difficulty of cleaning, could not be used with
sea or salt water.
The generators and their attachments are by preference covered with non-
conducting material to prevent as much as possible the loss of heat by radiation
and conduction.-The feed supplied to the different condensers should be as
hot as possible, the condensation depending on the evaporation of a liquid
boiling at a temperature lower than that of the steam supplied to the generator
and not by the raising of a liquid to a temperature higher than that of the steam.
If steam-engines are used for driving the pumps j, the steam and air escaping
from the condensing compartments through the pipes p, may be used for actuating
them. The condensed water from these compartments may be drawn off auto-
matically as it accumulates by the traps m, or by any other suitable means-
The feeds to the generators may also be made automatic and the blow off may
be governed automatically by the specific gravity or the boiling point of the
liquid.
*The generator hereinbefore described may be variously modified in the arrange-
ment or combination of its parts and several such modifications are shewn in
diagram at Figures 8 to 17, inclusive.-The two generators represented in series
at Figure 8, consist each of two compartments k¹, and , separated by the plate m¹,
which may be flat (as shewn) or corrugated, cylindrical or of other form, this plate
permits the passage of heat by conduction through it from one to the other of the
compartments. The compartment l', is what has been herein before described as
the condensing compartment and the compartment k¹, the generating compartment.
-The compartment l', is by the inlet n', in free communication with the boiler
or other steam generator and the outlet o', from that compartment is connected to the
condensed water pipe .-The outlet pipe p', from the generating compartment k',
passes the steam there formed into the condensing compartment 1, of the generator
following it in the series as hereinbefore described with reference to the generators
represented at Figures 1 to 6 inclusive and the sea or salt water is supplied to the
generating chamber ³, through the inlet q'.
i

page_text: Figure 9, represents a generator comprising in itself a series of generating and
condensing compartments.-The steam passing from the boiler enters the condensing
compartment, and heats the water contained in the compartment above it which
in a similar manner heats that above it and so on throughout the series of com-
partments, the steam passing off from the last or topmost compartment by the
pipe p-The generating compartments are supplied with sea or salt water through
the pipe q', and the condensed water from each of these compartments is led off by
the pipe o'.
Figure 10, represents two generators arranged in series.-Each of the generators
consist of the compartments k¹, and 11, the latter one being the condensing com-
partment in this case takes the form of a jacketed boiler around the generating
compartment k¹.
Figures 11. and 12 represent in diagram respectively in vertical and horizontal
section, two forms of generators arranged in series, the one consisting of a
condensing compartment I, taking the form of a hollow cylinder and the other
of two such hollow cylinders connected together in the required. manner.-These
compartments, are situated inside the generating compartments k¹, and are
operated in the manner hereinbefore described by the steam being led into the
condensing compartment ", by the inlet pipe n-In Figure 13, the condensing
compartment, there represented consists of a series of double cones constructed
in any suitable manner and surrounded by the generating compartment -The
generating compartment of the generator represented at Figure 14, is formed by
the compartments at the upper and lower ends of the same, which are connected
by the tubes r, the condensing compartment U, being formed by the space between
the plates and around the tubes 7, which constitute the said generating com-
partment In Figure 15, the condensing compartment is constructed of the double
casing s¹, from the lowest plate of which the tubes t¹, hang, they being closed at
their lower ends.-From the plate dividing the casing 8', the pipes u¹, open at both
ends hang, and dip down into the tubes t¹, to this plate is also connected the steam
inlet pipe n', which conveys the steam into the lower part of the casing and down
the tubes t', the condensed water outlet o¹, is connected to the topmost plate of the
casing and conveys the condensed water which is blown up through the pipes u²,
to the surface condenser or other required apparatus.-Figure 16, represents a
further modified form of condensing compartiment which is constructed by the
tubes t¹, fitted into the crown plate of the condensing compartment proper, these
tubes being closed at the upper ends, the water condensed in the tubes falls into
the condensing chamber and escapes by the outlet pipe o-The condensing com-
partment represented at Figure 17, is formed of the pipes vl, secured to the crown
plate of the condensing compartment proper.
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of the said
Invention and the system, mode or manner in or under which the same is or may
be used or practically carried into effect it is to be observed in conclusion that
what is considered to be novel and original and therefore claimed as the Invention
secured by the hereinbefore in part recited Letters Patent, is:—
First. In Apparatus for obtaining fresh or drinking water from sea or salt
water, a generator consisting essentially of two chambers or compartments, to one
chamber of which steam is admitted from a boiler or other steam generator which
steam during condensation in this chamber gives off its heat to water contained in
the other chamber the steam formed in this chamber and the condensed water
and steam from the other chamber being led to a condenser for condensation as
herein before described.
Second. The apparatus for obtaining fresh or drinking water from sea or salt
water consisting of a series of generating and condensing compartments wherein
the steam and heat given off from each generating compartment is condensed in
continuous succession in the condensing compartment following it in the series as
hereinbefore described.
Third. The apparatus for obtaining fresh or drinking water from sea or salt

page_text: water consisting of the generator constructed as represented at Figures 1 to 6,
inclusive, substantially as herein before described with reference to those Figures.
Fourth. The apparatus for obtaining fresh or drinking water from sea or salt
water consisting of any of the forms of apparatus represented in diagram at Figures
8 to 17, inclusive, substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to those
Figures.
In witness whereof I the said John Hodgart have hereunto set my hand and
seal this Fourth day of September in the year of Our Lord one thousand eight
hundred and eighty-three.
JOHN HODGART (L.S.)