Improvements in and in Means for Braking Road Vehicles.
Year: 1896

page_text: Date of Application, 28th May, 1898
1002
2000
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and in Means for Braking Road Vehicles.
I, DANIEL CREMMEN, Coach and Omnibus Builder, of 15 Prince of Wales
Crescent, Kentish Town, London, N.W. do hereby declare the nature of this
invention to be as follows:-
This invention relates to brakes for road vehicles such as coaches omnibuses or
other passenger vehicles or carriages or for vans, waggons, drays, or other vehicles
for goods etc., my present invention being designed to provide a powerful brake for
road vehicles which will act independently of the wheels and consequently this
invention has many advantages particularly as it saves the friction and wear on
metal tyres caused by the brakes at present in use and thereby effecting an
enormous saving in wear and tear on such tyres and furthermore it will be found
especially suitable for braking road vehicles having cushion tyres applied thereto
since the brake does not act on or touch said tyres or any part of the wheel nor is
any drag put on the wheel and consequently as no skidding or checking of the
wheel is caused when applying my brake therefore no injury can be caused to such
cushion tyres when applying this said brake even in the heaviest vehicles.
My present invention consists in providing a brake block or other suitable
braking device which is mounted or supported in auy suitable manner upon or from
either the axle or springs or the frame er underside of the vehicle or vehicle body
with suitable means connected to said brake block or device or in connection
therewith in such manner that the driver or other person on the vehicle can readily
apply said brake from any convenient part of the vehicle so that said brake block
or device is thereby applied to the ground (instead of to the wheels) and
consequently checks or retards the progress of the vehicle or holds same when the
vehicle is at rest-a very powerful brake being thus provided according to my
present invention.
For instance in applying my present invention to an ordinary omnibus I provide
a strong support which may consist of two vertical rods welded together at the
bottom forming a V-shaped device the upper end of each arm of the V being bolted
to a clip over the ordinary springs (or said V-shaped device may be formed or
mounted in any other suitable manner) and near the lower end of this said support
1 pivct or otherwise suitably mount a lever or rocking arm adapted to rock or
Uscillate about the point where it is mounted or held in said support.
On this lever or reching arm arrange and mount a brake block or braking
device of any suitable shape and material advantageously a detachable block or
shoe such as a curved block of wood or metal which for the sake of brevity I shall
hereinafter refer to as the "brake block."
This rocking lever has a connection or connections therefrom (either a system of
levers cranks wire or chains or combination thereof) up to a foot lever such as those
at present in use on omnibuses that is to say the present foot lever and its
connections (or so much of them as required) may be connected up to any suitable
intermediate gear or connections and through same operate the aforesaid rocking
lever and thereby force the said brake block (on the latter) on to the ground to act
as a brake as aforesaid.
Any suitable spring or springs or counterbalance or other suitable means may be
used to take off or keen off the brake when same is released.

page_text: If desired a bracing or tie rod or rods or other suitable means may be employed
in any suitable manner (for instance bolted or otherwise secured to the lower end
of said support and to the axle itself respectively) to "stay" or assist in rigidly
securing the aforesaid support in position.
Instead of said support being formed of a V-shaped device mounted by clips on
the springs on each side of the axle as aforesaid-I may employ any other suitable
device to form a suitable support (for the said rocking lever carrying the brake
block) and same may be mounted in any suitable manner for instance same may be
clipped or bolted direct to the axle itself and "stayed" or "braced" in any
suitable manner.
Furthermore my present invention has the advantage (particularly for passenger
vehicles) that it will act as a safety device to prevent (or reduce the liability of) a
vehicle overturning in case of breakage of a wheel or axle or the wheel coming off
as in any such event it will afford a temporary means of supporting that side of
the vehicle.
Dated this 27th day of May 1896
TONGUE & BIRKBECK,
Southampton Buildings, Chancery Lane, London, W.C.,
Agents for the Applicant.
Improvements in and in Means for Braking Road Vehicles.
I, DANIEL CREMMEN, Coach and Omnibus Builder, of 15, Prince of Wales
Crescent, Kentish Town, London, N.W. do hereby declare the nature of this
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
This invention relates to brakes for road vehicles such as coaches omnibuses or
other passenger vehicles or carriages or for vans, waggons, drays, or other vehicles
for goods etc., my present invention being designed to provide a powerful brake for
road vehicles which will act independently of-i.e. which does not act on-the
wheels and consequently this invention has many advantages particularly as it saves
the friction and wear on metal tyres caused by the brakes at present in use and
thereby effecting an enormous saving in wear and tear on such tyres and
furthermore it will be found especially suitable for braking road vehicles having
cushion tyres applied thereto since the brake does not act on or touch said tyres or
any part of the wheel nor is any drag put on the wheel and consequently as no
skidding or checking of the wheel is caused when applying my brake therefore no
injury can be caused to such cushion tyres when applying this said brake even
on the heaviest vehicles.
My present invention consists in providing a brake block or other suitable
braking device which is mounted or supported in any suitable manner upon or from
either the axle or springs or the frame or underside of the vehicle or vehicle body
with suitable means connected to said brake block or device or in connection
therewith in such manner that the driver or other person on the vehicle can readily
apply said brake from any convenient part of the vehicle so that said brake block
or device is thereby applied to the ground (instead of to the wheels) and
consequently checks or retards the progress of the vehicle or holds same when the
vehicle is at rest-a very powerful brake being thus provided according to my
present invention.
For instance in applying my present invention to an ordinary omnibus I provide
a strong support which may consist of two vertical rods welded together at the

page_text: ottom forming a V-shaped device the upper end of each arm of the V being bolted
o a clip over the ordinary springs (or said V-shaped device may be formed or
mounted in any other suitable manner) and near the lower end of his said support
pivot or otherwise suitably mount a lever or rocking arm ad pted to rock or
scillate about the point where it is mounted or held in said support.
On this lever or rocking arm I arrange and mount a brake block or braking
levice of any suitable shape and material advantageously a detachable block such
as a curved block of wood or metal (which for the sake of brevity I shall
hereinafter refer to as the "brake block ") carried on a shoe or device pivotted to
aid lever and controlled by a spring.
This rocking lever has a connection or connections therefrom (either a system of
levers cranks wire or chains or combination thereof) up to a foot lever such as those
at present in use on omnibuses that is to say the present foot lever and its
connection (or so much of them as required) may be connected up to any suitable
intermediate gear or connections and through same operate the aforesaid rocking
lever and thereby force the said brake block (on the latter) on to the ground to act
as a brake as aforesaid.
Any suitable spring or springs or counterbalance or other suitable means may be
used to take off or keep off the brake when same is released.
If desired a bracing or tie rod or rods or other suitable means may be employed
in any suitable manner (for instance bolted or otherwise secured to the lower end
of said support and to the axle itself respectively) to "stay" or assist in rigidly
securing the aforesaid support in position.
Instead of said support being formed of a V-shaped device mounted by clips on
the springs on each side of the axle as aforesaid-I may employ any other suitable
device to form a suitable support (for the said rocking lever carrying the brake
block) and same may be mounted in any suitable manner for instance same may be
clipped or bolted direct to the axle itself and "stayed" or "braced" in any
suitable manner.
Furthermore my present invention has the advantage (particularly for passenger
vehicles) that it will act as a safety device to prevent (or reduce the liability of)
a vehicle overturning in case of breakage of a wheel or axle or the wheel coming
off as in any such event it will afford a temporary means of supporting that side of
the vehicle.
In the accompanying drawings:-
Fig. 1 shows an omnibus fitted with a brake according to my present invention.
Fig. 2 being a back end view of same with the rear platform and stairway
removed.
Fig. 3 is a local perspective view (on an enlarged scale) of the brake and its
supporting and operating mechanism.
A is fork, the two upwardly extending ends are flanged at A'A' and provided
with holes through which pass the descending ends B of the clips B (which
embrace the ordinary springs C of the vehicle) and which also pass through the
washers D and then by means of the nuts E on said clip ends B the V-shaped
device A is very securely and rigidly fixed to the springs with the back wheel
axle X in between the arms or fork-ends of said device A and furthermore these
supports A (two of which may be provided on the back axle viz.: one each side
adjacent to the wheel Z as shown in Fig. 2) may be braced or strengthened by the
lateral brace rod or diagonal struts F firmly bolted at the upper end F to
the axle X and at the lower end F to the support A.
A strong and rigid support is thus provided which serves as means to carry the
brake or brake block to act on the road as follows:-
G is a pivotted shoe or device carrying on its underside and rigidly fixed thereto
the brake block or acting brake surface H which when worn can be easily replaced
by a new block.
This shoe G is pivotted at G₁ to the pivotted lever I the latter being pivotted
at I to the before-described support A.

page_text: The extended end Gx of said shoe or device G is curved upwardly and rests
against the underside of the said lever I (see Fig. 3) against which it is kept firmly
pressed by the spring Y one end of which is connected thereto and the other end to
a hook or otherwise secured to the aforesaid fixed support A.
The other end of said lever I has pivotted thereto at J¹ the connecting rod J
which latter in turn is powerfully drawn (i.e. pulled) up by the system of levers
connecting rods etc. as shown operated by the foot lever or brake treadle K
(see Fig. 1) such as those commonly in use.
Only one brake block is shown in the drawings (Fig. 2) but it will be obvious
that a second brake block can be arranged on the other support A and the two
brakes simultaneously operated from the brake treadle X by suitable connections.
Thus it will be seen that on the driver forcing down the brake pedal X thereby
the rod J and end J' of the lever I will be raised and consequently the rear end H'
of the brake block H will be first applied to the road i.e. forced into actual contact
therewith a most powerful brake being thus provided while at the same time such
end H¹ can give to the unevenness of the ground etc. by reason of the pivotted
shoe G and spring Y.
The spring Y also serves the purpose of normally holding the brake block H off
the ground i.e. acts against the foot lever X.
The said rigid supports A serve the further purpose (before referred to) that in
the event of collapse of a wheel or breaking an axle or "drawing" of an axle-
box etc. then on said rigid support A. coming in contact with the ground thereby
the body of the vehicle will be supported and overturning of the vehicle
prevented.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. In brakes for road vehicles the arrangement and combination with a fixed
support carried by the spring or axle-the lower end of such fixed support
descending close to the ground-of a brake block carried on said support and
adapted to act direct on the road means to connect said brake block to the brake
treadle by which said brake is put "on" and a spring or springs to normally hold
said brake "off" substantially in the manner and for the purposes herein before set
forth.
2. In brakes for road vehicles-the arrangement and combination with a fixed
support such as A of a lever such as I pivotted thereto, a shoe or device such as G
pivotted to one end of said lever and carrying a detachable brake block such as H
to act on the road, and suitable connection from the other end of said lever I to
the brake treadle X whereby said brake can be applied to the road substantially in
the manner and for the purposes herein before described and illustrated in the
drawings hereunto annexed.
3. The berein-described improved means for braking road vehicles arranged and
combined with such vehicles and operated and operating substantially in the
manner and for the purposes herein before described and illustrated in the drawings
hereunto annexed.
TONGUE & BIRKBECK,
Southampton Buildings, Chancery Lane, London, W.C.,
Agents for the Applicant.