IMPROVEMENTS IN PUMPS AND MECHANISM CONNECTED PROVISIONALSPECIFICATION
Year: 1869

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Robert Crawford Wallace and David Crawford,
of the Firm of "Wallace and Crawford," Engineers and Ship
Chandlers, of Ardrossan, in the County of Ayr, North Britain, for
the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN PUMPS AND MECHANISM CONNECTED
PROVISIONALSPECIFICATION left by the said Robert Crawford Wallace
and David Crawford at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 23rd September 1869.
WE, ROBERT CRAWFORD WALLACE and DAVID CRAWFORD, of the
Firm of "Wallace and Crawford," Engineers and Ship Chandlers, of
Ardrossan, in the County of Ayr, North Britain, do hereby declare the
nature of the said invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PUMPS AND MECHANISM
CONNECTED THEREWITH, APPLICABLE TO SHIPS AND OTHER PURPOSES," to be as
follows, that is to say:-

page_text: mechanism for actuating them all particularly designed and adapted for
ships, but also applicable for other pumps and purposes, and which the
petitioner considers more efficient, simple, and easily actuated with less
power than such pumps have been heretofore.
or
*
"
"
" cock for
One modification of this Invention or improvements as applied to a
set of vertically working ships' pumps consists in having two working
barrels or cylinders connected at their lower inlet ends to one and the
same single main lifting conduit or pipe, by preference by a Y or
" breeches
shaped branch pipe, either cast in one with or secured to
the lower ends of the pump barrels, which have each an inlet foot valve
a little above where the two cylinders branch into one at the main
lifting branch below which main single branch pipe one, two, or more
conducting pipes and branches may be made to lead the water from the
several places desired into the main branch and combined pump, each or
all of which branches being controlled by a separate or compound cock
(or it may be valve) respectively, so that the pumps may raise or draw
the water from the particular place and pipe desired, namely, as in ships'
pumps from the "bilge" or "main" respectively, in which case two
pipes only would be required controlled by a simple "two-way
each pair of working barrels or pumps. The working "buckets," "boxes,"
" and the "
plungers,"
spears or rods of these duplex pumps, one,
two, or more pairs of which may be placed in a row, and worked as one
set of pumps, by having the upper end of each rod directly connected to
a crank or eccentric, on a revolving and driving fly wheel shaft placed
over the row of pumps, or otherwise, as by preference each rod may be
connected to the overhanging free end of a vertically reciprocating lever,
one for each pump. These levers are by preference fulcrumed loose at
their other ends on a simple spindle and standard, each pump and lever
being actuated from below by a fly wheel shaft and a revolving heart
or other shaped cam upon it, one acting on a grooved pulley in each
lever, or otherwise cach lever may he actuated by a crank or eccentric
on the driving shaft directly linked or jointed by a connecting rod pro-
jecting upwards between them. The cams or cranks are so set upon the
shaft that the one pump and bucket will raise it and draw up the water
or liquid while the other is descending into its barrel ready for the next
lift, and the actuating shaft is by preference placed parallel with and
as close to the pump barrels as the cams or cranks will revolve clear of
them, and the shaft may be driven by winch handles and manual power
at each end or by a small portable engine or other motive power

page_text: arrangement as desired or convenient. These improved arrangements of
pumps may be made to force the water or other liquid as well as draw
or lift it, as described, and they may be ranged and made to work
horizontally or at an angle as well as in the vertical manner herein
described.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Robert Crawford Wallace and David Crawford in
the Great Seal l'atent Office on the 19th March 1870.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, ROBERT
CRAWFORD WALLACE and DAVID CRAWFORD, of the Firm of "Wallace
and Crawford," Engineers and Ship Chandlers, of Ardrossan, in the
County of Ayr, North Britain, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-third day of September, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-nine, in the
thirty-third year of Her Reign, did, for Herself, Ier Heirs and successors,
give and grant unto us, the said Robert Crawford Wallace and David
Crawford, Her special licence that we, the said Robert Crawford Wallace
and David Crawford, our executors, administrators, and assigns, or such
others as we, the said Robert Crawford Wallace and David Crawford,
our executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make,
use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN PUMPS AND MECHANISM CONNECTED THEREWITH, APPLICABLE TO
SHIPS AND OTHER PURPOSES," upon the condition amongst others that we,
the said Robert Crawford Wallace and David Crawford, our executors
or administrators, by an instrument in writing under our, or their, or
one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was
to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent
Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date
of the said Letters Patent.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said Robert Crawford Wallace and
David Crawford, do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention, and
in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described
and ascertained in and by the following statement in writing, reference
being had to the accompanying Sheet of Drawings, and to the several
illustrative Figures, letters, and numerals marked thereon, that is to
say:-
Our said Invention has reference to a new or improved construction
and arrangement of combined reciprocating pumps and the gearing or
mechanism for actuating them, all particularly designed and adapted
for ships, but also applicable for other pumps and purposes, and which
we consider more efficient, simple, and easily actuated with less power
than such pumps have been heretofore.
con-
One modification of this our said Invention or improvements as
applied to a set of vertically working ships' pumps consists in having two
working barrels or cylinders connected at their lower inlet ends to one
and the same single main lifting conduit or pipe, by preference by a Y or
"breeches" shaped branch pipe either cast in one with or secured to the
lower ends of the pump barrels, which have each an inlet Foot valve a
little above where the two cylinders branch into one at the main lifting
branch, below which main single branch pipe one, two, or more
ducting pipes and branches may be made to lead the water from the
several places desired into the main branch and combined pumps, each
or all of which branches being controlled by a separate or compound
cock (or it may be valve respectively) so that the pumps may raise or
draw the water from the particular place and pipe desired, namely,
as in ships' pumps from the " bilge" or main respectively, in which
case two pipes only would be required controlled by a simple "two-
cock for each pair of working barrels or pumps. The working
"buckets,"
""boxes," or "plungers," and the "spears," or rods of these
duplex pumps, one, two, or more pairs of which may be placed in a row,
and worked as one set of pumps by having the upper end of each rod
directly connected to a crank or eccentric on a revolving and driving fly
wheel shaft placed over the row of pumps, or otherwise, as by preference
each rod may be connected to the overhanging free end of a vertically
reciprocating lever, one for each pump. These levers are by preference,
fulcrumed loose at their other ends on a single spindle and standards,
way
"
"

page_text: each pump and lever being actuated from below by a fly wheel shaft
and a revolving heart, or other shaped cam upon it, one acting on a
grooved pulley in each lever, or otherwise each lever may be actuated
by a crank or eccentric on the driving shaft directly linked or jointed
by a connecting rod projecting upwards between them. The cams or
cranks are so set on the shaft that the one pump bucket will raise and .
draw up the water and liquid, while the other is descending into its
barrel ready for the next lift, and the actuating shaft is by preference
placed parallel with and as close to the pump barrels as the cams and
cranks will revolve clear of them, and the shaft may be driven by winch
handles and manual power at each end, or by a small portable engine, or
other motive power arrangement, as desired or convenient. These
improved arrangements of pumps may be made to force the water or
other liquid as well as draw or lift it as described, and they may be
ranged and made to work horizontally or at an angle as well as in the
vertical manner herein described.
And in order that the nature of our said Invention, and the manner
of performing it, may be properly understood we shall now proceed to
describe the several illustrative Figures on the Sheet of Drawings which
we have hereunto appended for the purpose of showing the best modes
and means we are at present aware of for putting the Invention into
effect or practice.
Figure 1 is a side elevation of a double set of duplex pumps con-
structed in accordance with and illustrative of one modification of our
said Invention as applied to ships' pumps and use showing the pumps
in edge view; Figure 2 is a transverse sectional elevation of the same
modification or arrangement shown at right angles to Figure 1; and
Figure 3 is a plan of the same corresponding to Figure 1.
In this modification shown in Figures 1, 2, and 3 there are two sets of
the new or improved construction of duplex pumps a and a', each set
formed of two working barrels or cylinders A and A', by preference
cast in one piece and connected or run into one and the same single
main lifting conduit or pipe B at their lower inlet ends by the Y or
"breeches" shaped branch or pipe B', which branch B¹ may be cast
separate, and have the barrels A, A', bolted to it as indicated in red lines
at B; whether the barrels are cast singly or together. Each barrel A, A',
has an inlet "foot" valve C a little above the main lifting branch B'
(where the two cylinders branch into one) at B*. Two or more con-

page_text: 22
"
pumps
ducting pipes and branches may be made to lead into the main pipe B
from the several places from which it is desired to draw the water or
other liquid controlled by cocks or valves. In this case there is only
one extra pipe and branch b, shown leading from the "bilge
" to the
86 main"
B, both controlled by the two-way cock D, so as to draw or
pump the water either from the " main or bilge," or partly from both,
through the pipes B and b respectively. The keys of the cocks D are
actuated by their levers d, hand rods d', shown as broken off, all so as to
draw the water from the branch pipe and place desired. The two sets
of duplex pumps a, a', are fixed to the deck L by the flanges a³ of the
barrels A, A', with their four working buckets," "boxes," or
"plungers E and spears or rods F ranged or placed in a line or row,
all so as to be worked as one set of pumps by the revolving and driving
fly wheel shaft G placed parallel to and laterally over, or it might be
right over the said line or row of pumps, having the upper end of each
spear rod F connected to the overhanging free end of a horizontally
disposed and vertically reciprocating lever H, one for each pump, or
otherwise each rod F might (as is common in actuating ranges of
as heretofore constructed) be directly connected to a crank or eccentric
on the revolving shaft G, when it is placed over the pumps. The
levers H are by preference fulcrumed loose at their other extreme ends
on a single spindle at i carried by the two standards I. The pump
buckets E and levers H are actuated by the fly wheel shaft G placed
below the levers and revolving heart cams J (or it may be other shaped
cams) upon it, each cam J acting on a grooved pulley j in each lever H,
or otherwise each lever may be directly connected and actuated by a
link or connecting rod to a crank or eccentric on the driving shaft G.
The cams J (or cranks when these are used) are so set and fixed on
the shaft G that the bucket E of one pump A will be raising and
drawing up the water or other liquid while the bucket E is descending
into the other barrel A¹, and vice versa respectively, while one bucket E
only in the set will be at the reversing extremity of its stroke at the
same time, ready for the next lift or depression of the plunger. The
actuating shaft G is by preference placed parallel with and as close to
the pump barrels A, A¹, as the cams or cranks on it would revolve clear
of the barrels. The shaft G is carried and revolves in bearing blocks g
on the same wooden frame K which supports the standards I and
levers H, supported on strong pillars K from the deck L, and is driven
in this case by manual labour through the winch handles g¹ at each end,

page_text: or it may be driven by a small portable engine for the purpose, or by
any other ordinary motive power shaft or arrangement of gearing desired.
The water is thus raised in this improved arrangement of pumps in an
almost constant flow at the top spout A* when at work with a regular
and steady application of the least possible expenditure of power, which
renders them most economical, and although a fly wheel M is shown on
the shaft G it is not so much required as with cranks. This improved
arrangement of pumps may be made to force the water or other liquid
as well as draw or lift it when desired in the ordinary manner by having
covers on the pump barrels A, A', with two stuffing boxes for the rods F
to work out through, the main forcing pipe being common to both pumps,
as the inlet is through a discharge valve close to the top of the pumps, and
these improved pumps may be ranged and made to work horizontally or
at an angle as well as in the vertical manner herein described, but in
this or in other cases the bucket E or levers H would require to be
drawn down as well as raised, and one equivalent way of doing this
would be by making the roller j, as shown, on a stud f in the spear F
and in the lever H in red and blue lines respectively in the detached
view, Figure 4, so small as to work in a laterally grooved cam J. Each
grooved heart cam J' might (when the shaft G is placed over the axial
line of the pump) be connected to the spear F by a lateral stud f
and antifriction roller f, so as to actuate it and the plunger direct,
while the top part F1 of the rod F may be made open or forked,
so as to imbrace and work over the shaft G, and thus form a parallel
guide for the rod in its reciprocating action, as indicated in red lines in
the detached end view Figure 4 of such an arrangement with grooved
cams.
Although these new or improved constructions of pumps have been
herein described as applied to ships, for which we consider them par-
ticularly applicable, yet still it is to be understood, and we presume
engineers and pump makers will see, that they are also applicable
for other purposes where much pumping or double pumps are required.
Having thus particularly described the nature of our said Invention,
and the manner in which the same is or may be performed, we have
to state that we do not restrict ourselves to the precise details herein
described or delineated; but what we believe to be novel and original,
and therefore claim as the Invention secured to us by the herein-before
in part recited Letters Patent is,-

page_text: First. The use of pumps constructed and actuated having the new or
improved parts distinguished by the letters B', H, and J, substantially
as herein described, or any mere modification thereof.
Second. The construction and use of two-barreled pumps connected to
the same drawing or suction pipe substantially in the new or improved
manner herein described and referred to at the junction B', or any mere
modification thereof.
Third. The actuating of the said new or improved pumps by heart
cams, as J, either through levers, as H, or connected directly to their
spear rods F, substantially as described, or any mere modification thereof.
In witness whereof, we, the said Robert Crawford Wallace and
David Crawford, have hereunto set our hands and seals, this
Eighteenth day of March, in the year of our Lord One thousand
eight hundred and seventy.
Witness,
GEO. G. THOMSON,
20, Buchanan Street,
Glasgow.
ROBERT C. WALLACE. (L.S.)
DAVID CRAWFORD. (L.S.)