CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1841

page_text: TO ALL TO. WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, WILLIAM
KENWORTHY, of Blackburn, in the County of Jancaster, Spinner, and JAMES
BULLOUGH, of the same Place, Overlooker, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her present most. Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date at
Westminster, the Fourteenth day of January, One thousand eight hundred
and forty-one, in the fourth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs
and successors, give and grant unto us, the said William Kenworthy and
James Bullough, Her especial license, full power, sole privilege and authority,
that we, the said William Kenworthy and James Bullough, our executors,
administrators, and assigns, and such others as we, the said William Kenworthy
and James Bullough, our executors, administrators, and assigns, should agree
with, and no other, from time to time and at all times during the term of
years therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within England and Wales, and the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed,
our Invention of "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR
WEAVING;" in which Letters Patent is contained a proviso, that we, William
Kenworthy and James Bullough, shall cause a particular description of the
nature of our said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed,
to be enrolled in Her Majesty's High Court of Chancery within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said in part recited Letters
Patent, as in and by the same, reference being thereunto had, will more
fully and at large appear.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, we, the said
William Kenworthy and James Bullough, do hereby declare that the nature
of our said Invention, and the manner in which the same is to be performed, is
particularly described and ascertained in and by the Drawing hereunto annexed,
and the following explanation thereof, that is to say:-
Our improvements in machinery or apparatus for weaving consist, firstly, 'of
an improved mode of keeping, the cloth distended to an uniform width as it is
woven, and apply to the particular portion of weaving apparatus usually
denominated temples." This part of our improvements is accomplished by
substituting a small roller, covered with fine sand, emery; or other rough
surface, revolving in a semicircular trough or casing in place of the ordinary
temples, which, being placed in front of the reed, and the cloth passing under
the roller and between it and the casing, will-at each stroke of the stay come
in close contact therewith, and thus guide or transmit the cloth of a parallel
and uniform breadth to the cloth beam without the assistance of temple pins.
or teeth, or any other injurious apparatus applied to the selvages of the fabric.
This mode of keeping out the breadth of cloth as it is
Woven is inore efficient.
than any of the various temples now in use, being entirely self-acting, and
preserving the selvagés or edges of the fabric quite perfect and uniform, and
entirely free from the objectionable and injurious pin-holes caused by the
usual mode of templing. The jemple roller is to be made the exact width of
the reed in any loom to which it may be applied, and thus is particularly
suitable to any variation in the width of cloth. and dispenses with the nicely
of fixture and adjustment usually required in self-acting temples, and which
has hitherto made them very objectionable. The temple roller may be used
either plain or covered with cloth, emery, or any rough composition or
material, and its trough or casing, in which it revolves, may either be semicir-
cular, square, or angular, or as a modification of the above, the temple roller
may be substituted by a fixed parallel bearer rod or straight edged presser.
and have the cloth passing under it and between it, and a suitably formed
trough or botign bearer, or casing, which, being in contact with their respective
surfaces, will be prevented from contracting in a similar manner as by the
roller and trougli above mentioned.
The second part of our improvements in weaving machinery consists in a
novel arrangement and construction of mechanism for the purpose of instantly
stopping the loom, either when the weft thread breaks, or from any other
cause is absent or not put in, and thereby preventing those imperfections
usually arising from the loom, proceeding for a. few picks without weft. This
being a very important feature of our Invention,. and having been the

page_text: subject of several Patents, and of two granted to us, dated respectively Twenty-
seventh May One thousand eight. hundred and thirty-four, and First October
One thousand eight hundred and thirty-five, we desire to be particularly
understood with reference thereto. One great object in the power loom is to
obtain an uniform and positive taking-up motion for the cloth beam, so that
any required number of picks can be put in a given space without being
subjected to the least variation; and although this has been done in a variety
of ways, yet all require the immediate stopping of the loom to prevent the
progress of the warp going on without the weft, to render such plans of taking
up at all useful for manufacturing by power. Another reason why it is so
desirable to stop the loom from going without weft is that it is well known
that it is well known that when a loom is going without weft it immediately
begins to fray and injure the warp by the repeated oscillation of the reed and
crossing of the shed upon the same part of the yarn, which consequently causes
imore breakage of the warp yarns than would otherwise take place by the loom
being immediately stopped, and which being instantly effected by this part of
our improvements, so relieves the weaver that nearly double the number of
looms may be attended by the same hands. This part of our improvements
consists in a very simple additional apparatus, which may be readily applied to
looms in general, and may be termed the weft watcher or detector," as it
points out, with unerring certainty. the breakage or absence of the weft thread
by the instantaneous disengagement of the taking-up motion and entirely
stopping the ordinary evolutions of the looms. As this object is to be accom-
plished by the absence of the weft thread, we are enabled to give a sufficient
Strength or power, when in its place in the loom. to act upon the throwing-off
motion, by causing the thread to intersect a small worked lever which protrudes
through the reed at every stroke of the slay or crossing of the weft, which will
cause such forked lever to rise when the thread is present and to fall when
absent, and thus to be placed in combination with another detector lever,
which is kept constantly vibrating or moving with the beating. up of the
slay. and by a proper arrangement and order of their motions (hereafter
lescribed) will form an escapement, by which we are enabled to stop the
taking-up motion and all other actions of the loom simultaneously. merely by
he absence of the very first pick of weft.
But in order that these improvements may be more fully explained, we have
ttached to these Presents a Sheet of Drawings, containing several views of an
rdinary power loom for weaving plain calico, and have represented our
mprovements affixed thereto, which will sufficiently illustrate their application
o looms for weaving in general; and for the sake of more distinctly represent-

page_text: ing those parts constituting our improvements, they are shewn as shaded
with color, the ordinary and well known parts of the loom being drawn in
outline only, and marked with figures and letters of reference, having similar
letters upon corresponding parts of the mechanism in all the Figures.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Figure represents an elevation of one side or end of the loom, and
Figure 2 an elevation of the reverse end or side. Figure 3 is a front
clevation, and Figure 4 a plan or horizonial view of the loom as seen from
above. The side and cross framing of the loom are shown at A, A, A. A,.
supporting the warp roller or beam B, B, the heddles or healds C. C, the
breast beam D, D. and the cloth or work roller E, E. The vibrating lathe
or slay F, F, with its reed G, being actuated by means of the crank shaft El,
driven by the fast pulley I in the usual manner. The tappet shaft K, with its
tappets L, L, also actuate the treadles M, M, with the healds or harness for
dividing the shed as usual, the shuttle being impelled by means of the picking
sticks N, N. The cloth or fabric now supposed to be under the process of
weaving is shewn at O, and immediately after being beat up by the reed at every
stroke of the slay passes under the small rollér a, a, which slowly revolves by
the friction of contact in the semicircular trough or casing b, b, which closely
surrounds the lower half of the roller, the cloth passing between the roller-and
the casing, and being slightly pressed or held out by them as the weaving
proceeds. The roller we prefer to be coated with sand or emery, or other
roughed surface, so as slightly to rub or bear upon the cloth as it passes under
it, but it may be plain, if more suitable to the cloth under manufacture, and
even substituted by a plain strait. edged pressing bar, rod, or rail similarly
bearing in or against a trough, casing, or bottom bearer.
The simple contrivance will be found to be a most perfect self-acting temple,
and will deliver the cloth to the work roller fully and uniformly distended
throughout, and with the selvages as perfect and level as when left by the shuttle.
This apparatus constitutes the first part of our iniprovements in machinery
or apparatus for weaving, and which we claim as our Invention.
The second improvement in machinery or apparatus for weaving consists, in
the first place, of affixing to the reed of the loom three or more wires or
cords c. c. c, which may be held in a separate frame placed in the reed, as
at (d), (see detached Fig. 5), and attaching a simple apparatus to the side of
This lever e is attached to
the loom carrying a small elbow forked lever c, e.
the swivels upon a stud or pin f; one end of this lever is furnished with
small hook or catch, and the other end is provided with a small fork, which is

page_text: caused to intersect the wires or cords c, . in the end of the reed at every
vibration of the slay. This motion will be better seen in detail in the detached
side view. Fig. 5, and plan view of the same. Fig. 6. Now, it will be very
readily perceived by the practical weaver, that as long as the weft thread arrives
in its place entirely through the warps, and is caught between the wires e of
the reed and the forked end of the lever e, and intersected thereby, as shewn
in Fig. 6, being the weft thread, so long as the weft thread is present the
forked end of the lever e will be depressed, and the reverse or hooked end will
consequently be kept up or out of the way. But in order that this lever e (or
any modified apparatus occupying this position) shall be enabled with unerring
certainty to stop the loom entirely when the very first pick of weft is absent
or not put in, there is a lever or arm h, h, mounted and vibrating upon a
studi, fixed to the loom side; this lever is provided with a segmental head-
piece k, k. also furnished with a small hook or catch, and this we term a waicher
or detector lever, as it performs a constant watching motion, and comes up at
every alternate stroke of the slay to detect or catch the hooked end of the
lever e, provided the forked end of this lever is not held down by the presence
of the weft thread. The constant action of the detector lever h. h. is performed
by the tappei roller mounted upon the common tappet shaft, and revolving
with it, so that at every revolution lifting the tail of the lever h, and thus causing
it to vibrate upon its fulcrum i. It will also be easily understood by the practical
weaver that so soon as the weft thread is absent, and the forked lever e rises in
consequence of not being held by the weft. thread, its hooked' end will fall by its
own gravity, and be instantly caught by the hook upon the segment of the watcher
or detector lever h. as seen in the detached Fig. 7. Now, the forked lever e
being attached to the lever m, which vibrates upon the fulcrum », fixed in the
carrier piece o, will thus strike the knocking-off rod p. p. and shift the strap
guide q. from the fast to the loose pulley; simultaneously with the action the
ever m also strikes against an upright lever r, r, and slightly vibrates the hori-
ontal rod S, and thus lifts the ratchet / out of the ratchet wheel a, and stops the
urther rotation of the taking-up motion, w, 6, which apparatus, or any slight
odification or variation thereof, constitutes the second part of our improve-
ents in machinery or apparatus for weaving, and which we also claim as our
nvention.
In witness whereof, we, the said William Kenworthy and James
Bullough, have hereunto set our hands and seals, this Twelfth day of
July, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and
WILLIAM (L.S.) KENWORTHY.
JAMES (L.s.) BULLOUGH.

page_text: AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the same Twelfth day of July, in the
year above mentioned, the aforesaid William Kenworthy and James Bullough
came before our Lady the Queen in Her Chancery, and acknowledged the
Specification aforesaid, and all and every thing therein contained, in form above
written. And also the Specification aforesaid was stamped according to the
tenor of the Statute in that case made and provided.
Inrolled the Fourteenth day of July, in the year above written.