matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN RAILWAYS AND IN THE MODE OF WORKING SAME
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Murdoch MºLeod at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 30th
March 1869.
I, MURDOCH MCLEOD, of Edinburgh, Captain in Her Majesty's
12nd Regiment of Foot, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN RAILWAYS AND IN THE MODE OF WORKING
SAME," to be as follows:-
The improvements consist in suspending or supporting a plate, plank,
rail, rod, bar, rope or ropes, one or more of them, and working thereon
in or by suitable grooves or guides thereon a carriage or machine having
grooved or flanged wheels, and supplied on each side with suitable guide
wheels when desired, and with adjustable or otherwise hanging seats
or receptacles for passengers, or goods, such scats or receptacles being
preferably adjusted somewhat lower than the level of the rail, &c.
The improvements may be performed by making the plate, plank, rail,
&c. of metal or of wood in one or more pieces, or of both, and of any
suitable form and disposition, and the rope or ropes may be of metal or
hemp, or of both, and they and the plate or plates, &c. may be

page_text: suspended or supported on pillars or posts at any desired elevation or in
any other convenient manner. The carriage or machine may have two,
three, four, or more wheels, and be made and worked somewhat like the
velocipedes now in use, but having when three or more wheels are used
a narrower guage (preferably about 9 inches), and having grooves or
flanges on the tyres or on some of them made to fit in or on corre-
sponding grooves or guides on the plate, planks, &c. as above, and
supplied with suitable brake or brakes. When the plate or rail is so
disposed that the carriage runs on it edgeways, or when three ropes are
used (two for guides) and the carriage has only two wheels or otherwise,
if desired it can be supplied with suitable and convenient guide wheels
or rollers working on the sides of the plate or rail lastly described and
on the ropes put for the purpose. The carriage or machine may be
actuated by any power.
IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM CARRIAGES FOR COMMON ROADS
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Andrew Nairn at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
29th October 1869.
I, ANDREW NAIRN, of Leith, in the County of Mid Lothian, North
Britain, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM CARRIAGES FOR COMMON ROADS," to be as
follows:-
This Invention relates to a steam carriage more particularly designed
for passengers, but some of the improvements are also applicable to
steam carriages for goods or for traction purposes on common roads.
The principal framing of a passenger carriage or omnibus constructed
according to this Invention consists of two parallel longitudinal frame
bars of iron or steel with iron or steel frames rising therefrom to form
the skeleton of the omnibus, and which is partly covered with wood or
sheet metal, and partly fitted with windows. A space for an upright
steam boiler with a coal bunker and accessories is divided off at the front
end by a double bulkhead sufficiently deafened to prevent any noise
from being heard inside. The smoke funnel of the boiler is carried

page_text: backwards along the top of the omnibus beneath the outside passenger
seats, and emerges from the end of the cover of the guard's stand. The
smoko funnel is passed through an outer tube or funnel with an inter-
vening space, and a continual current of air is induced through this
outer tube by the action of the heat and by the ejector action of the
issuing smoke at the back end, so as to remove all objectionable heat
from the neighbourhood of the funnel. The carriage is mounted on
three wheels, two driving wheels at the rear and a steering wheel at the
front, being formed of wrought iron, with wood blocks fitted in to form
the running surface. The axle of the driving wheels has the connecting
rods from a pair of cylinders coupled directly to it, these cylinders being
fixed at the rear beneath the main frame, whilst the water tank is under
the middle of the carriage, or the cylinders and water tank may
be transposed. The steering and leading wheel is carried by a fork,
each end of which is fitted with a pendent volute spring and rubber
washers. The main bearing springs comprise ordinary flat laminated
springs, from the ends of which are suspended volute springs and rubber
blocks connecting the springs to the main framing. The bearings of the
working parts are made curvilinear to allow of the carriage swaying on
the springs. To facilitate steering and turning the driving wheels are
not rigidly fixed on their axle, but are connected to discs fixed on the
axle by frictional straps or clutches, which whilst having sufficient grip
for driving still allow the wheels to adapt themselves to curves by
moving unequally. The same thing may be applied in carriages in which
gearing is introduced between the steam cylinders and the wheels.
New SYSTEM OF SASH OR FRAMEWORK FOR LANDAU AND LANDAULET CARRIAGE DOORS
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Julius Fion and William
Charlet at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 27th August 1869.
We, JULIUS FION and WILLIAM CHARLET, of Brussels, in the Kingdom
of Belgium, Coach Makers, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "A New SYSTEM OF SASH OR FRAMEWORK FOR LANDAU AND
LANDAULET CARRIAGE DOORS," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to admit of the door of a landau
carriage being opened without the necessity of previously lowering the
glass window, as is now the case. To this end the window or glass frame
is made of metal, and is capable of being slidden up and down in grooves
made in a hinged framing which may be thrown back with the head.
When the metallic frame of the glass or window is raised it is secured to
the door frame by screws, so that when the latter is opened or closed the
window will move with it as in most other carriages.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANU- FACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FUEL
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Hopkinson at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 3rd
June 1869.
I, JOHN HOPKINSON, of Leeds, in the County of York, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANU-
FACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FUEL," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to the manufacture of artificial fuel by con-
pression from carbonized or partly carbonized materials, the products
of coal, in contradistinction to employing slack, smudge, or small coal
or other similar material in an unburnt or uncooked state.
In carrying out this Invention I take coke, breeze, cinders, or other
form of carbonized or partially burned material, the product of coal, and
mix therewith (either in a rough state or reduced to breeze or pulverized)
such bituminous, resinous, oleaginous, gelatinous, or gummy substances
as will increase its calorific value and give it the necessary amount of
cohesiveness to allow of its being made into solid or perforated blocks
of any suitable shape by compression, by means of any ordinary press

page_text: or machine employed for such and similar purposes. In some cases I
also propose to mix slack, smudge, or other form of unburnt or un-
cooked coal with the coke, breeze, cinders, or other form of carbonized
or partially burned coal before adding thereto the bituminous or other
substances above named.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF TOILET QUILTS, TABLE COVERS, AND OTHER SIMILAR FABRICS
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Barlow at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 21st August
1869.
I, JAMES BARLOW, of the Firm of Messieurs Barlow and Jones, of
Bolton, in the County of Lancaster, Manufacturers, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE
OF TOILET QUILTS, TABLE COVERS, AND OTHER SIMILAR FABRICS," to be as
follows:-
The object of my Invention is to produce toilet quilts, table covers,
and other similar fabrics having patterns or designs on one surface only
at a moderate cost and equal to those manufactured in a more expensive
manner.
In performing my Invention I employ a loom of the ordinary con-
struction with a jacquard apparatus and healds similar to those usually
employed in weaving such fabrics. The loom is provided with a single
shuttle containing the weft and with two warp beams, on one of which
the face warp is wound, and the back warp is wound on the other.
A single warp thread from each beam is drawn through one dent of

page_text: the reed, and the fabric is woven with one shoot of warp to each
jacquard card. The face warp is drawn in the healds, and the back warp
is drawn in the mounting or harness of the jacquard.
My Invention may be modified by drawing two warp threads through
each mail eye of the jacquard mounting.
IMPROVEMENTS IN FEEDING BOTTLES, AND IN THE STOPPERS AND FITTINGS THEREOF, PART OF WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE ALSO APPLICABLE TO OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Fuller, George Spencer,
and Edwin Martin at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 22nd December 1869.
We, GEORGE FULLER, GEORGE SPENCER, and EDWIN MARTIN, all of
Horsleydown, in the County of Surrey, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN FEEDING BOTTLES, AND IN THE
STOPPERS AND FITTINGS THEREOF, PART OF WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE ALSO
APPLICABLE TO OTHER PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
The improvements relate more particularly to infants' feeding bottles,
and have for their object the rendering such bottles more convenient
and cheap than heretofore, and consist in making feeding bottles of an
oblate spheroidal form, having one of the poles of the spheroid drawn
out and so made as to conveniently carry or hold the tubing of india-
rubber or similar substance which is commonly in use; or in some cases
the shield and mouth piece or the mouth piece alone may be attached
directly on to the hole so drawn out, and so as to render it somewhat like
the human breast, and make it more convenient to carry on the person,
and in some cases furnishing said bottles as above described with an
additional aperture, in which also may be inserted a stopper made to

page_text: carry the tubing when desired, or when not so employed furnished with
a cap or stopper, the double apertures also serving to render the cleaning
of the bottles easier. The other pole or other desired part of the bottle
may be conveniently made flat or may be furnished with a foot or
stand so as to allow the bottle to stand when not in use; and the
improvements consist in making the "shield" and "union" of glass,
earthenware, bone, or similar substances in one piece, and not in two as
heretofore, by which means it is rendered cheaper and much easier to
clean. This we call the "union shield." And further, in making glass
stoppers of infants' feeding and other bottles with a hole through them,
und through which may pass the india-rubber tubing generally used,
and so that owing to the incompressibility of the glass stopper the india
rubber or other tubing which passes through it cannot be compressed
and the flow of the fluid impeded, and in making the part of the glass
'stopper 'where it goes into the neck of the bottle screwed, by which
means the cork, india-rubber, or similar material with which it may be
and is intended to be covered is firmly attached without the use of glue
or similar substance, and is not so liable to be left in the neck of the
bottle when the stopper is withdrawn. The improvements may con-
veniently be carried into effect by making feeding bottles, as above
described, of glass, earthenware, caoutchouc, or similar substance, and in
making what is commonly known as the "union" and "shield" in one
piece of glass, earthenware, bone, or similar substance, but preferably of
glass, and furnished with a hole so as to allow the fluid to pass through,
and by making the stoppers of glass as above described.
A MUSICAL CHAIR OR SEAT
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Lristophe Auguste
Hoelscher at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his
Petition, on the 28th January 1869.
I, CHARLES LRISTOPHE AUGUSTE HOELSCHER, of the Firm of A.
Melly and Company, of Geneva, Switzerland, temporarily resident at
166, Fleet Street, in the City of London, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "A MUSICAL CHAIR OR SEAT," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object,―
First. The placing of the mechanism of ordinary musical boxes in or
under the seats of chairs or other articles of furniture, such as benches
or sofas, in such a manner as to enable the spring or springs of such
mechanism previously wound up to be released automatically by the
nction of any person sitting down on such seats.
Secondly. The placing of such mechanism in such seats, and the
arrangement of the seat, so that upon a person sitting thereon his. or
her weight shall, by the compression or winding up of a spring arranged
to give motion to the said mechanism, be employed as the motive
power for driving the mechanism and producing the desired musical
sounds.

page_text: In both cases I hinge the seat to the frame at the back, front, on
either side, but I prefer to hinge it at the back.
In the first case I simply retain the musical works (already wound
up) by a detent, and allowing a slight downward motion of the side of
the seat opposite the hinge to take place as the weight of the body comes t
upon it; I employ this motion to release the detent, and thus allow the
action of the mechanism to commence.
In the second case I connect the spring barrel with the moving seat
by means of a toothed pinion and quadrant, and a lever or connecting
rod, or by any other convenient mechanical arrangement, in such a 1
manner that the seat in descending by the weight of the body shall,
through causing the revolution of the toothed pinion, wind up the spring
and set the works in motion.
A NEW AND IMPROVED METHOD OF AND APPARATUS OR APPLIANCES FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CIGARS
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Morris at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 10th
September 1869.-A communication from abroad by David Jessurun,
of Hamburg, Germany.
I, WILLIAM MORRIS, of Whitechapel, in the County of Middlesex,
Cigar Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "A NEW AND IMPROVED METHOD OF AND APPARATUS OR APPLIANCES FOR THE
MANUFACTURE OF CIGARS," (a communication to me from abroad by David
Jessurun, of Hamburg, Germany,) to be as follows:-
The first part of this Invention consists in forming or shaping the
inside or "bunches" of cigars by placing them in moulds or shapes of
the size or sizes of the cigars to be made, and in filling or building up
the tobacco in the moulds.
The second part of the Invention consists in the construction and
employment of frames for forming cigars in the manner hereafter
described. The frames are by preference made in two parts. The first
part is composed of a frame the width of which is by preference that of
the length of each of the cigars to be made, the length being regulated

page_text: according to the number of cigars it is intended to contain. For each
cigar there is a shape or die, by preference somewhat deeper than the
cigars, and of the shape or form the cigar is intended to assume.
Into
these shapes the "bunches" are placed. The second part of the frame
is composed of a series of dies or shapes to correspond with the shape of
the cigars. After the bunches are placed in the first frame the second
frame is placed on them, the dies filling up and pressing on the bunches
in the shapes on the first frame. By pressing the two frames together
the bunches are compressed and allowed to dry under pressure. On
being removed from the frames the cigars are finished in the ordinary
way. Sometimes in order to facilitate the removal of the bunches each
shape or die is formed separately or in two parts, dividing at or at about
their centre, and fitted in a frame in which they are free to slide when
required, so that when the two frames are separated by pulling the
shapes apart the bunches easily fall out.
Cigars made according to this Invention are of equal size, shape, and
thickness, while at the same time all the points are even.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR STAMPING OR MARKING LETTERS, PACKETS, OR OTHER ARTICLES
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Jabez James at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 1st
December 1869.
I, JABEZ JAMES, of 40, Princes Street, Stamford Street, in the County
of Surrey, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR STAMPING OR MARKING LETTERS, PACKETS,
OR OTHER ARTICLES," to be as follows:-
My improvements apply to apparatus employed for impressing a stamp
or a defacing or other mark upon letters, packets, and other articles,
and are especially applicable to apparatus used for obliterating postage
stamps.
My improved apparatus consists of a framing mounted over a con-.
venient table on which the letters or other articles to be stamped are-
laid. I prefer to mount the framing in a sliding socket affixed to the
table, so that I can adjust its height above the table to suit the thickness
of the articles to be stamped. In the framing I mount a horizontal
shaft in bearings, and I cause this shaft to revolve by band or other
connection with any convenient prime mover. On the shaft I fix a

page_text: crank, cam, or eccentric, which acts upon a vertical slide so as to cause
it to rise and fall at every revolution of the shaft. This vertical slide is
fitted with a spring, and to its lower end are attached the stamp or
stamps which it is desired to impress. Immediately under the framing I
fix a box with a porous bottom for holding a supply of ink or pigment,
and by means of a cam on the shaft, connected by arms to a roller, I
cause this roller at every revolution of the shaft to traverse the under
surface of the inking box and also the surface of the stamps when they
are raised to the top of their stroke, and thus to ink them for the pur-
pose of making a fresh impression. This mode of inking being well
known and understood I do not lay any claim to it separately.
The action of the apparatus is as follows:-The framing being adjusted
to a height abovo the table suitable to the thinnest of the articles to be
stamped the shaft is set in motion, and the stamps are thus caused to
work up and down at such speed as may be desirable. The attendant,
having both hands at liberty, places during every up stroke an article to
be stamped, removing the one already stamped. As the thickness of the
articles varies, as in the caso of letters or packets, the spring in the
vertical slide allows the stamps to make their impression with nearly
uniform force, notwithstanding that in some cases they have to descend
farther than in other cases. When instead of a crank or eccentric a cam
is employed for raising the vertical slide, its own weight causing it to
descend, the spring in the slide may be dispensed with.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR MEASURING THE PRESSURE OF GAGES AND THE FORCE OF AERIFORM OR GASEOUS CURRENTS
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Young at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 11th
February 1869.
I, JAMES YOUNG, of Limefield, in the County of Mid Lothian, North
Britain, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
of "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR MEASURING THE PRESSURE OF GAGES AND
THE FORCE OF AERIFORM OR GASEOUS CURRENTS," to be as follows, that is to
say:
To measure the pressure of gases and the force of aeriform or gaseous
currents a U tube containing water in both limbs is often used. I put
a cistern or overflow on one or both arms of the tube, and use two
liquids of different densities, by which means I increase the sensitiveness
of the instrument in proportion as the liquids approach each other in
density.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MEANS OR APPARATUS FOR GIVING MOTION TO SEWING AND OTHER MACHINES
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederic Newton Gisborne at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition on the
7th January 1869.
I, FREDERIC NEWTON GISBORNE, of 415, West Strand, in the County
of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MEANS OR APPARATUS FOR GIVING MOTION TO SEWING
AND OTHER MACHINES," to be as follows:-
For this purpose I mount the seat on the top of a cylinder containing
water or other liquid or air. The seat is capable of rising and falling
within certain limits, so that when the attendant is sitting on the seat it
shall be caused to forco the contents of the aforesaid cylinder gradually
into a smaller cylinder having a piston working therein, on the rod of
which is formed or fixed a toothed rack which takes into a pinion
mounted on a shaft or axis, and giving motion to suitable multiplying
gear, so as to obtain the desired speed to the driving pulley, wheel, or
drum giving motion to the driving shaft of tho sewing or other machine.
The following is the arrangement of gearing which I employ :-To the
pinion receiving motion from the toothed rack is fixed a toothed wheel

page_text: which gives motion to a toothed pinion mounted upon another shaft
or axis, this latter being fixed to another toothed wheel giving motion
to another pinion mounted on the first-mentioned shaft or axis, and so
on, there being as many pinions and toothed wheels mounted in pairs
on each shaft or axle and gearing into each other as may be required
to obtain the desired speed to the driving wheel, drum, or pulley, or
instead of employing two shafts or axes only one axis may be used on
which is mounted a broad internal toothed wheel fixed to the first-
mentioned pinion, such internal toothed wheel taking into a toothed
wheel carried by an arm mounted upon the axis, thereby causing such
toothed wheel to give motion to a pinion to which is fixed another arm
carrying another toothed wheel, there being as many pinions, arms, and
toothed wheels as may be required to obtain the desired speed to the
driving drum, wheel, or pulley. When air is employed I prefer to fix
the seat on the top of a collapsible cylinder formed of alternate rings
of metal and india-rubber. I regulate or stop the motion of the
mechanism by means of a cock or valve carried by a pipe or tube
forming the connection between the two cylinders. When the seat
has fallen to its lowest position the communication is fully opened
between the two cylinders and the seat is again raised to its highest
position, thereby causing the water or air to return to the larger cylinder
in readiness for again acting when required.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PROCESS OF ENGRAVING ON METALS
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Jules Albert Hartmann at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
4th October 1869.
I, JULES ALBERT HARTMANN, of the Town of Mulhouse, and No. 60,
Boulevart de Strasbourg, Paris, in the Empire of France, Chemist, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE PROCESS OF ENGRAVING ON METALS," to be as follows:-
The object of my Invention is to produce in a rapid and economical
manner engraved plates or rollers suitable for commercial. or manu-
facturing purposes, such, for example, as for printing upon woven
fabrics, upon paper hangings, or for engraving silversmiths' goods..
My Invention consists in printing on the surface of the metal before
applying the varnish, and then producing. the engraving by the appli.
cation of acids or mordants in the ordinary manner. I print on the
metallic surfaces with colored liquids or inks containing powdered
substances, such as ochre, lampblack, or flower of sulphur in a solution
of gum arabic and water, or I use any substance which will keep the
varnish from protecting the metal against acids or mordants. I apply
the said colored liquids or inks either by means of a brush and a stencil

page_text: plate (perforated by acids or cut out with a graver), by counter drawing;
or by printing with an engraved roller or plate, the colored liquid being.
supplied by an ordinary inking roller, or I use any other known means:
of printing. When the colored liquid or ink is dry I coat the metallic
surface with any suitable varnish and submit it to the action of acids
or mordants in the usual manner.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SHEEP WASHING APPARATUS
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Tomlinson Bousfield at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 23rd April 1869.-A communication from abroad by William
Wright and Henry Dale Edwards, both of Melbourne, in the
Colony of Victoria, Engineers.
I, GEORGE TOMLINSON BOUSPIELD, of Loughborough Park, Brixton,
in the County of Surrey, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN SHEEP WASHING APPARATUS," to be as
follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in sheep washing
apparatus. For this purpose a close box or tank is employed; it is
supplied with water under pressure from a pump or elevated reservoir.
The washing jet is connected with the bottom of this box or tank by
two metal pipes, which are inserted into holes in the bottom and fixed
by nuts screwed on from the inside. The nuts are bell-mouthed at the
top and form valve seats into which india-rubber covered valves drop.
When the escape of water from the jet is desired the valves are lifted
by a hand leve; they do not rise simultaneously but one immediately

page_text: after the other so that they may be the more easily controlled. The
long sheep washing jet is carried at the lower ends of the pipes, and
consists of two metal jaws, one fixed the other moveable; the moveable
jaw is pressed up towards the fixed jaw by two weighted levers, but
the jaws are prevented from coming in contact by adjusting screws, one
at either end. When the valves are lifted by the band lever the water
issues between the jaws in a long narrow stream extending from end
to end of them. When at any time the jet becomes partially choked
it can be instantly cleared by raising for a moment the weighted levers
and so opening the jaws. The moving jaw being supported at two
points in its length by the weighted levers is not likely to spring under
The jet may be so arranged that the stream
the pressure of the water.
shall issue vertically downwards or in an inclined direction, or two jets
may be carried by one pair of jet pipes.
AN IMPROVED BREECH-LOADING FIRE-ARM
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Lewis Falisse at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 5th July
1869.
I, LEWIS FALISSE, of Liège, in the Kingdom of Belgium, Manu-
facturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN
IMPROVED BREECH-LOADING FIRE-ARM," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to simplify the construction and the
working of the parts of breech-loading fire-arms, and consists in the
employment of only one spring to work all the different parts, instead of
three or four as heretofore. To this end the spring is made of semi-
circular form, with an enlargement or knob at each end.. One end of
this spring fits into and works in a hole in the hammer, and the other
end fits into a hole in a small piece pivotted to the breech box that
serves to transmit the pressure to the tumbler. The hammer consists of
a bolt that slides in the breech block, which in order to open the breech

page_text: is lowered into the body, and is constructed so as to work the cartridge
extractor. The whole of the parts receive their motion from a key or
lever placed along the side of the small of the butt of the fire-arm, and
fixed on to the pivot pin of the breech block.
IMPROVEMENTS APPLICABLE TO THE TRANSPORT OF MINERALS AND OTHER MER- CHANDISE UPON RAILWAYS
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederick Render at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 16th
March 1869.
I, FREDERICK RENDER, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster,
Corn Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS APPLICABLE TO THE TRANSPORT OF MINERALS AND OTHER MER-
CHANDISE UPON RAILWAYS," to be as follows:-
My Invention has for its object the construction of temporary or
cheap railway apparatus, mainly for the transport of minerals, but
applicable also to other goods. To effect this I erect one line of rail
elevated above the ground by placing it upon the severed trunks of trees
when they exist, or by driving piles. Upon this single rail I place a
frame provided with two or a greater number of wheels situate in a
line before each other, and from the said frame I extend downward arms
which carry on each side of the rail an engine and boiler of equal
weights, or a portion of one engine and boiler may be on one side and
another portion of equal weight on the other side, so that the whole
becomes balanced. The carriages or trucks I construct in a similar
manner, placing one receptacle for the goods on one side and another

page_text: on the other side, so that they hang downward like panniers. These
receptacles I mount upon centres carried by their frames whereby they
may be turned over for discharging the load. In order to facilitate the
loading I adapt a fixed gauge for shewing when the balance is effected.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MECHANICAL AND ARTIFICIAL DENTISTRY
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Roberts at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 9th
June 1869.
I, ROBERT ROBERTS, of the Haulgh, Little Bolton, in the County of
Lancaster, General Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MECHANICAL AND ARTIFICIAL DENTISTRY," to
be as follows:-
The nature of my Invention consists, first, in forming the denture
of one entire piece of metal, vulcanite, or other convenient substance,
with the teeth formed thereon, and not having the same of a separate
substance connected to the denture with wires or pins, as heretofore,
thus preventing the breaking off of the teeth, which is now frequently
the case in artificial dentistry. I form the complete denture by
moulding, stamping, or by the electrotype process, and fill up parts so
required with vulcanite or other substance, leaving other parts unfilled
to suit projections on the gums, and as a conciquence requiring no
extractions to make a perfect denture. To give the parts on the denture
representing the teeth a natural appearance I enamel or coat them over
with a suitable substance.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ALL DESCRIPTIONS OF METALLIC IRON AND STEEL WORKED IN PUDDLING FURNACES
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edwin Fox at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 5th January
1869.
I, EDWIN Fox, of Sheffield, in the County of York, Ironmaster, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE MANUFACTURE OF ALL DESCRIPTIONS OF METALLIC IRON AND STEEL WORKED
IN PUDDLING FURNACES," to be as follows:--
My Invention relates to certain improvements applicable to the
manufacture of steel and iron worked in puddling furnaces, the object
being to enable the puddler to make malleable metal of a steely nature,
to work common pig iron, such as could not be hitherto worked in
consequence of the phosphorus, sulphur, and other impurities contained
therein, and to utilize wrought and cast iron or pig metal melted
and afterwards used in a puddling furnace for the purpose of puddling
pig metal of a cheaper quality than previously used.
The Invention consists in melting and refining in an ordinary cupola
or otherwise any or all descriptions of cast and wrought iron scrap or

page_text: pig metal, or certain quantities of each, and when melted in running
it into pigs; or it may be used in the molten state, to be worked
in the puddling furnace in such proportions as may be found desirable
for the production of various descriptions of iron and steel.
די
IMPROVEMENTS IN PROPELLING VESSELS
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Outram at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 15th
December 1869.
I, JAMES OUTRAM, of Sevenoaks, in the County of Kent, Bootmaker,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
PROPELLING VESSELS," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in adapting to the bottom of the ship or vessel
to be propelled one or more shafts arranged parallel to the keel and pro-
vided with fans or blades arranged helically around the shafts from end
to end in the form of a screw. The propeller shafts are enclosed in
semi-cylindrical cases open at both ends and at bottom, and they are
actuated by bevil wheels or other suitable gear driven by shafts which
pass through stuffing boxes to the inside of the vessel. In constructing
the propeller the fans or blades are made in sets on bosses in which are
made square or other shaped holes to fit on a shaft, on which they may
be pushed one after the other until the required number is placed on
the shaft. It will be evident therefore that if a blade be broken or
damaged the boss to which it belongs can be removed and another
substituted in place thereof.
IMPROVEMENTS IN FURNACES
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Kendall at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 27th
September 1869.
I, WILLIAM KENDALL, of Newcastle-on-Tyne, in the County of
Northumberland, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN FURNACES," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to improvements in furnaces, and has for its
object the prevention of smoke by the more effectual combustion of the
gaseous and other products of the fuel. This I effect by deflecting the
air admitted at the front of the furnace by means of plates, which extend
down to within a short distance of the dead plate, and admit the air
only at the level of the fire-bars so as to conduct it directly on to the
fuel. By admitting the air in this manner its oxygen combines at
once with the fuel and with the products arising therefrom, the effect
being to produce a bright fire, which being hollow does not require
stoking. The formation of clinkers is at same time prevented by the
more perfect combustion obtained, while the wear of the fire-bars is also
lessened.

page_text: According to my improvements at the front of the furnace on the
inside I mount a plate in an inclined position, the lower edge projecting
inwards towards the fire. This plate, which extends from the top of the
furnace downwards to preferably within about two inches of the dead
plate, deflects the air entering the usual apertures in front of the furnace b
(and behind which the inclined plate is mounted) downwards to a level
with the fire-bars, as before mentioned. An aperture is formed in this
plate corresponding to the furnace door to permit of fuel being supplied
to the furnace, the passage being enclosed at top and sides. Upon the
inside of the furnace door is mounted a second inclined plate, which 1
extends across and serves to deflect the air entering through the port
in the door. The lower edges of these plates are preferably curved
inwards so as to conduct the air more directly to the fuel.
Im- PROVEMENTS IN BURNING AND VAPORIZING COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS TO OBTAIN LIGHT AND HEAT, AND IN APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Gerard Hairs at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
20th February 1869.
I, GEORGE GERARD HAIRS, of No. 6, Little Distaff Lane, in the City
of London, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "Im-
PROVEMENTS IN BURNING AND VAPORIZING COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS TO OBTAIN LIGHT
AND HEAT, AND IN APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in burning and
vaporizing combustible liquids to obtain light and heat, and in apparatus
employed therein. For this purpose I place over a gas burner a vessel
or generator of a double cup-like form, which I sometimes surround by
a chimney. Petroleum or the combustible liquid to be vaporized is
placed in the inner cup, which is closed air-tight. Gas is admitted by a
pipe to the upper part of the cup-formed generator, and after passing
over the surface of the petroleum or other liquid (which being heated
gives off vapour freely) it passes away to the burner beneath by a pipe
descending through the bottoms of the double cup generator. Other

page_text: pipes may also be connected with the double cup generator to lead off
the gas or vapour to other burners, as may be required. In some cases in
place of gas air under a small pressure may be led into the generator,
and when impregnated with the petroleum or other vapour burnt at the
burner in the same way as gas. The double bottom and sides with
which the generator is provided protect the contents from undue and
irregular heat, so that the liquid vaporizes without disturbance. The
heat applied to the generator and consequently the speed of vaporization
is regulated by properly setting a damper or plate moderating the draft
in the chimney. The damper is mounted on the inlet pipe, which has a
screw cut outside from end to end. By turning the damper round it can
be regulated as required. Burners thus supplied may be used to heat
steam boilers.
Iм- PROVEMENTS IN PARASOLS AND UMBRELLAS OR SUNSHADES
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Lawrence Engel at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 25th
February 1869.
I, LAWRENCE ENGEL, of Mumford Court, Milk Street, in the City of
London, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "Iм-
PROVEMENTS IN PARASOLS AND UMBRELLAS OR SUNSHADES," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in parasols and
umbrellas or sunshades. The sticks of parasols are commonly made in
two parts or lengths, connected together by a hinge joint, so that when
the parasol is out of use the stick or handle may be doubled up, but
when in use the parts of the stick are brought into a line with one
another and secured in that position to form a straight stick.
According to my Invention I connect together the two portions or
lengths of the stick of a parasol, umbrella, or sunshade by means of
two tubes, which are connected together end to end by a hinge joint,
and are at their opposite ends fixed the one on to the end of one length
of the stick and the other on to the end of the other length of the stick.
One of the tubes also contains a circular bolt capable of being slid
out endwise from the tube, so that its end may project therefrom..

page_text: Through this tube is a slot, through which a pin is passed into the
bolt, and by this pin the bolt can be slid to and fro like the bolt of
an ordinary door bolt. When the two tubes, which are hinged together,
are turned into a line with one another they are secured in this position
by sliding out the bolt to cause its end to project from the tube which
carries it and to enter the end of the other tube; the two lengths of
the stick will thus be held in a line with one another and will then
form one straight stick. I prefer that the pin of the hinge by which
the two tubes are hinged together should form part of a loop of wire
by which the parasol, umbrella, or sunshade may be carried when the
stick is doubled up.
IM- PROVEMENTS IN SEWING MACHINES
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by David Dishart at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 15th June
1869.
I, DAVID DISHART, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North
Britain, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention of "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN SEWING MACHINES," to be as follows, that is to say:-
This Invention, which relates to improvements in sewing machines,
consists as follows:-At the back part of the machine a revolving shaft
is situated; this shaft carries a disc or crank in which a pin is fixed, and
it gears into a curvilinear slot in the needle driving lever for the purpose
of producing the necessary reciprocating movements of the latter. The
driving shaft also is provided with an eccentric, the motion of which is
converted by means of a connecting strap into a horizontal reciprocating
movement of the shuttle box, and a cam is further carried on the shaft
formed with inclined surfaces, between which a driving strap is placed,
the strap being connected by a rod for actuating the feed, as herein-after
set forth. As the shaft revolves the inclined surfaces of the cam
produce a horizontal vibratory movement of the rod. The rod is carried

page_text: partly in an adjustable guide, and accordingly as the guide is moved
further from or closer to the arm so the vibratory movements of the end
which drives the feed and therefore regulates the length of stitch are
diminished or increased. The part between the surfaces of the cam is
made eccentric, so that whilst the cam produces the horizontal vibration
the eccentric produces a slight backward and forward movement of the
rod, which being formed with an inclined surface at the end which
actuates the feed produces the lift of the feed bar, whilst the horizontal
vibration produces the horizontal movement of it. The pressure upon
the pressure bar is adjustable by means of a screw which acts upon a
spring situated in the box wherein the pressure bar is carried. For the
purpose of producing what is known as the weaving stitch (and which
may or may not be applied to the machine) the driving shaft has
another eccentric placed on it, and this is provided with a strap and
rod by which its motion is communicated to a rocking shaft. From
the rocking shaft two links extend to a vibratory guide through which
the threads pass, thus bringing the threads alternately to both sides of
the needle.
A NEW OR IM- PROVED PNEUMATIC APPARATUS FOR EXPANDING OR DISTENDING FRENCH LETTERS
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Reed at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 24th April
1869.
I, HENRY REED, of Edgbaston, in the County of Warwick, Engineer,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "A NEW OR IM-
PROVED PNEUMATIC APPARATUS FOR EXPANDING OR DISTENDING FRENCH LETTERS,"
to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is, by means of the apparatus herein-after
described, to expand or distend French letters previous to their appli-
cation upon that part of the person to which they are intended to be
applied.
My apparatus consists substantially of a tube of suitable size (which
may be of metal, bone, ivory, paper, or any other substance) open at
one end, the other end being closed by a cock or valve. When it is
desired to expand the letter nothing more is needful than to place the
closed end of the letter downwards in the tube, and stretch the open end
of the letter over the open or uncovered end of the tube by exhausting

page_text: the air or creating a sufficient vacuum therein, which may be easily
done by the person who uses the apparatus sucking or drawing the air
through the cock. The cock or valve is then closed, and the letter is
then ready for application whenever desired.
IMPROVEMENTS IN VELOCIPEDES
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Rastall at the Office of
thic Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, the 9th August
1869.
I, GEORGE RASTALL, of the City of Manchester, in the County of
Lancaster, Ironmonger, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN VELOCIPEDES," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object the construction of a velocipede in
which the same power which is used for propelling shall be also
applicable for steering, and consists in constructing velocipedes with
two driving wheels working parallel to one another but independantly
of each other in separate bearings actuated either by hand winches.
or cranks and treddles, which may be assisted by toothed wheelwork,.
the framework being so balanced upon the axles of and between such
wheels that the driver can propell himself without allowing the friction
rollers or wheels which otherwise support the framework from touching
the ground, and thus to actuate the machine with the least possible
friction upon the ground.
AN IMPROVED INKING OR STAMPING PAD
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Ganthony at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 13th
November 1869.
I, ROBERT GANTHONY, of Richmond, in the County of Surrey,
Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"AN IMPROVED INKING OR STAMPING PAD," to be as follows:-
Heretofore the pads used for carrying ink or other analogous com-
position have been liable to get out of order, and soon become worn by
reason of the die taking with it portions of the surface. The pad thus
soon becomes uneven and consequently is quickly worn
my Invention these defects are obviated.
out; now by
The Invention consists in the construction of pads to receive ink or
other analogous composition of the material known as india-rubber
sponge. I prefer to make the pads somewhat thick, so that when the
upper surface becomes worn it may be cut off, so that a new surface is
presented.
IMPROVEMENTS IN FURNACES FOR STEAM BOILERS AND OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Lord at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 4th
February 1869.
I, EDWARD LORD, of Todmorden, in the County of York, Machine
Maker, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN FURNACES FOR STEAM BOILERS AND OTHER PURPOSES," to
be as follows:-
My Invention consists in an improved mode of supporting and
actuating the grate bars of furnaces whereby they are raised and lowered
and caused to advance and retreat alternately.
A convenient mood of carrying my Invention into operation is as
follows:-To the under side of each grate bar is cast a clip or fork which
rests upon an eccentric, and there are as many excentrics as there are
grate bars in the furnace, the eccentrics being fixed on a shaft, so that
the high part of one is near the low part of the adjoining one, con-
sequently as the eccentrics revolve the grate bars are raised and lowered
and caused to advance and retreat alternately. The inner ends of the
grate bars pass partly under the bridge and are supported on a cross rail

page_text: or other equivalent. The fuel is supplied by a hopper with a regulating
sliding door to vary the depth of feed, and the fuel is carried forward
whilst being consumed by the advance of the grate bars, and the
cinders and clinkers are deposited under the bridge. The shaft with the
eccentrics may be turned round by worm and wheel or other suitable 5
gearing.