Improvements in Breaking and Scalping Grain for Flour Mills.
Year: 1886

page_text: Date of Application, 13th Aug., 1886.
Complete Left, 13th May, 1887.
Complete Accepted, 14th June, 1887.
!
Improvements in Breaking and Scalping Grain for Flour Mills.
We JAMES HARRISON CARTER and GEORGE FREDERICK ZIMMER both of 82 Mark
Lane in the City of London Engineers do hereby declare the nature of this invention
to be as follows:-
At the present time the breaking and dressing of wheat is commonly effected
by 2. 3. 4. 5 or 6 successive pairs of break rolls, and dressers according to require-
ments, and every berry of wheat is bound to pass in a six break system, through six
break rollers, and six dressing machines. These dressing machines are covered with
a suitable wire covering which separates the chop or meal from the broken parts of
the kernal ready for further reductions. Before the overtails from each of these
machines have passed to the next pair of break rollers, they have in some cases been
subjected to a light air blast to separate from them what is known as the "bees
wing."
According to this invention the reduced or broken wheat particles passing from
each pair of rolls are, after being passed through a dressing machine, submitted to
the action of a gravity separator in which by the aid of a current of air or otherwise,
the broken particles are separated into different sizes according to the number of
pairs of break rolls and are distributed to the different pairs of break rolls according
to their size, so that each reduced or broken wheat particle is sent to the break roller
mill for which it is most suitable.
In this way the pieces of wheat berry after having been once broken, do not
necessarily go to the second break; but according to their weight may travel direct
to the third, fourth, fifth, or sixth break; or if light enough to the Bran Sack.
For small plants the whole of the product from the different break roller mills is
taken to one dressing machine instead of having a separate one for each break, and
the overtails from this dressing machine go to a single gravity purifier to be separated
according to gravity and then distributed to the several pairs of break rolls or
sometimes it is advisable to have several tail sheets of different mesh of wire gauze on
the dressing machine to separate the broken parts of the berry into two three or more

page_text: different sizes and pass each size through a separate gravity purifier (so that the
smaller particles of the broken berry may be conveyed to one purifier, whilst a larger
size is conveyed to a second purifier and so on).
The chief advantage of this system over the old one is that fewer machines and
elevators are required and consequently a great saving of power is obtained.
For larger plants one main dressing machine would not be sufficient to dust the
broken wheat and in this case several dressing machines have to be used and they
may be fed from the same elevator. The overtails of these dressing machines might
then be purified in the same way as described above for small plants; or the grading
of all the overtails might be done in a separate reel which would then feed the
purifiers.
If as is generally the case it is desired to keep the first and sixth break flour or any
other break flour separate from the remainder of the flour, small dressing machines
have to be introduced as usual between the first and sixth breaks or any other break
and the main dressing machine. The overtails of the first break dressing machine
must afterwards be passed on to the main dressing machine.
The chief advantage from this system is that the bran will be larger because it has
not to pass more roller mills and dressing machines than is absolutely necessary for
cleaning it, and consequently the flour will be better, there being less bran powder
mixed with it.
The above described system of distributing the broken particles of wheat according
to their weight on to the break rolls most suitable for their treatment can also be
applied to the present mode of dressing, by collecting the overtails of all the dressing
machines, and treating them in the same way as the overtails from the main dressing
machine used in this new system.
Dated this 12th day of Av 700
CARPMAEL & Co.,
Agents for the Applicants.

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Breaking and Scalping Grain for Flour Mills.
We, JAMES HARRISON CARTER and GEORGE FREDERICK ZIMMER both of 82 Mark
Lane in the City of London Engineers do hereby declare the nature of this invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement:-
At the present time the breaking and dressing of wheat is commonly effected
by 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 or more successive sets of break rolls and dressing machines according
to requirements, and the outer portion of every berry of wheat is obliged
pass in
a six break system through six break rollers and six dressing machines. These
dressing machines are covered with a suitable wire covering which separates "the
chop" or meal from the outer parts of the wheat berry ready for further treatment in
the flour mill. Before the overtails from each of these machines have passed to the
next pair of break rollers they have in some cases been subjected to a purification or
air currents sufficient to separate the light bran.
According to this invention the products from any of the break rolls after being
scalped as described above do not necessarily go to the following break but are
divided by currents of air and sent to the break roller mills most suitable for them.
The new system acts as follows. The wheat passes the usual machines for the first
and second break.
The 2nd 3rd 4th and 5th break scalpers or dressing machines are somewhat longer
than the usual practice in order to get beyond the necessary sifting surface one or
two tail sheets to separate the outer part of the kernel into different sizes and these
different sizes of broken wheat go then to gravity aspirators which by the aid of
currents of air separate them according to their weight into a suitable number of sizes
the first of which always goes to the next following break.
In a six break system for instance, the aspirator for the second break would make
five separations, the first of which would go to the third break, the second to the
fourth break, the third to the fifth, the fourth to the sixth and the fifth would go as
light bran to sack.
The aspirators for each following break would naturally have one division less and
the ones for the fifth break would each have two divisions the first of which would go
to the sixth break and the last divisions as light bran to sack. Sometimes it will be
desirable to take an intermediate product from the scalpers or dressing machines
between the chop or break meal and outer part of the kernel which feed the aspirators
and these products can then be treated as shewn on diagram by the pairs of rolls
marked A A. The diagram shews two aspirators to follow each break scalper but any
number might be used to make the separation more or less perfect.
This arrangement of the above described process does not allow any broken parts
of the kernel to return to any of the previous breaks.
The chief advantage from this system is that the bran will be larger because it has
not to pass more roller mills than is absolutely necessary and consequently the bran

page_text: being less broken there will be less bran powder mixed with the flour: there will also
be less break flour and more middlings as the different parts of the kernel are not
broken more than is necessary to separate them from the bran, a saving of power will
likewise be gained as the different break roller mills by not being fed so heavily
would work lighter or might be replaced by smaller machines.
The drawing annexed shews one method of carrying out our improved process of
breaking and scalping grain.
In this arrangement the clean wheat is sent to the first break V₁ and is then
passed on to the first break scalper W₁ the chop or meal separated from this scalper
called the "first break chop" is conveyed away at Y for further treatment in the
flour mill.
The overtails are then conveyed to the second break roll V the product from which
passes to the second break scalper W2 which has two tail sheets, the first of which
goes with the first tail sheet of the third break scalper W³ to a pair of rolls marked A.
The second tail sheet and the overtails of the second break scalper W' each go to a
gravity aspirator F F where they are each divided into five sizes.
The first size goes to the third break roll V' the second to the fourth break roll V*
the third to the fifth, and the fourth to the sixth and the last goes as light_bran to
sack at Z. The product from the third break rolls V³ is similarly treated. It passes
to the third break scalper W and the meal separated from this scalper is, as is done
in the second break scalpers and following break scalpers conveyed away for further
treatment in the flour mill, the first tail sheet as already described goes to a pair of
rolls marked A. The second tail sheet and the overtails each go to a gravity
aspirator F F where they are each separated into four divisions, the first passes to
the fourth break rolls, the second to the fifth and the third to the sixth whilst the last
goes as light bran to sack.
The products from the fourth break rolls V* pass to the fourth break scalper W
the first tail sheet goes with the first tail sheet of the fifth break scalper W to a pair
of rolls marked A. The second tail sheet and the overtails each go to a separate
aspirator F F where they are each separated into three sizes. The first division goes
to the fifth break rolls, the second to the sixth and the .third as light bran to sack.
The products from the fifth break rolls V go to the fifth break scalper W, the
second tail sheet and the overtails each go to a separate aspirator F7 F8 where they
are each separated into two sizes. The first division going to the sixth break rolls Ve
and the last division as light bran to sack at Z. The products from the sixth break
are then conveyed to the bran duster at X.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed we declare that what we claim is :-
The process herein before described for breaking and scalping grain for flour mills
consisting in breaking the grain with successive pairs of rolls and separating the
product from each pair of rolls after the meal has been separated from it into grades
according to gravity or according to size and gravity and passing each grade to the
pair of rolls adapted for it substantially as described.
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