Improvements in Locks and Keys therefor.
Year: 1888

page_text: Date of Application, 14th July, 1888
Complete Specification Left, 23rd July, 1888
Complete Specification Accepted, 7th Sept., 1888
Improvements in Locks and Keys therefor.
1, JULES EMILE GALOY, of 10 Place de la Nation, Paris, France, Merchant, do
hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows
This invention relates to an improved safety lock in which the safety mechanism,
which is quite unpickable, is situated in a key tube and cannot be seen except when
the lock is taken to pieces; also to keys for use with such locks.
In the annexed sheet of drawings Figure 1 is a longitudinal section of a lock
constructed according to this invention.
Figure 2 is a plan view, the cover plate being removed.
Figure 3, shows in detail, the elevation and plan of the three parts constituting the
safety mechanism of the lock.
Figure 4, shows in detail, in elevation and inverted plan, the piece which fits upon
the box, which encloses the safety mechanism.
Figure 5 is a section of the key suited for the lock illustrated.
Figures 6. 7 & 8 show to a larger scale in elevation, in longitudinal section, and in
detail a combination key suitable for opening a series of a thousand locks.
A is the case of the lock-B the box rivetted to the case A and in which engage
the three pieces a, b, c, which constitute the safety mechanism.
These pieces which have the form of a section or segment of a cylinder, are
surmounted, the piece a by a tube d, the piece b by a tube e and the piece c by a stem
or spindle f
Each of these pieces also carries a rib capable of moving in a groove of the box B
and cut or slotted at a', 6' and c' respectively.
C is a kind of case fitting upon the cylindrical box B and thus enclosing all the
safety mechanism. It is provided internally with a circular rib h cut or slotted
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page_text: '
at for the passage of the ribs of the segments a, b, c and serves to operate
the bolt P by the projection E which it (C) carries, when the key is introduced into
the tube D by which it is surmounted.
F is the front cover plate of the lock to which is rivetted the key tube G, which
passes through the frame of the door.
The arrangement of the bolt P, of the stop bar H, the spring. I, and of the spring
bolt K is almost similar to other locks, excepting some variations shape.
The essential nature of this invention consists in the arrangement of the three
sections or segments a, b, c, in combination with the case C. These three sections
are connected together by their tubes and stem d, e, f which engage one within the
other, and are capable of working together or independently of one another.
They constitute thus the play of the cylinder placed in box B (Figure 1).
Three small opposing springs g, g', g² of delta or other metal are maintained by
stems screwed into the box B they pass through the sections or segments a, b, c, and
have a constant tendency to push back these latter. The case fits upon the box B.
The three slots in the rib i formed on the inside of C, allow the passage of the
three ribs of the sections or segments. The whole is covered in by the front plate or
cover F and the key tube G.
In normal operation, the springs. g, g', g², push the sections or segments a, b, c
towards or against the bottom of the case C, and the ribs of the said cylinders
remaining engaged in the slots i, it is impossible to turn the case C and thus
operate the holt P of the lock.
In order to bring the case into operation, and thus open or close the lock, there
are formed respectively at different heights in the rib formed on each section or
segment a, b, c, slots a¹, b, c, of the same size as the thickness of the circular rib h.
By this means in order to effect the object hereinbefore specified, the slots a¹ b¹ c¹
must be brought into one and the same plane, viz., that of the rib h. This is effected
by means of the key o (Figure 5).
This key consists of a tube o terminating in a ring and carrying a projection or
spur 1.
In the interior of this tube o are fixed by means of tin soldering or otherwise, two
small tubes m, n and a stem o. The dimensions' of these tubes and the stem are
calculated to correspond with the amounts through which the sections or
segments b, c must be pushed in order to bring the slots a¹ be¹ into the plane. of
the rib h.
The key o having been inserted into the tube G, and the tube D, as shewn in
Figure 1, and having acted by means of its inner steps upon the tubes d, e, and the
stein of the sections or segments a, b, c, to push these through the required respective
distances, the slots a 61 c¹ become situated in the plane of the rib h, and then the
case can be turned, and thus by means of its projection E operate the bolt P and
the spring bolt K through the medium of the part J.
As soon as the key is removed the opposing springs g g¹g bring the sections or
segments back into their original positions, thus preventing all rotary movement of
the case by means of any instrument other than the appropriate key.
The bolt can be operated from the inside by inserting the key into the tubular
part N which is rivetted to the case and adapted to receive the tube M which forms
one piece with the projection L. A small stop p whose end is wedge shaped is situated
with a small coiled spring in the solid portion of the part M and by its engagement
in a small groove of the pipe N constitutes, a stop after each turn of the key.
The slots a biel which carry the respective section or segment a, b, c can be placed
at ten fifteen twenty or other different heights according to the series and the number
chosen for division. Thus if we adopt the division 10 we can by combining the
ten segments or sections of each of the three series in every possible way form 1000 plays
of cylinders, or combinations each different from. the others and requiring each an
appropriate key.
If we choose the division 20 we can form with the 20 segments or cylinders of the three
series.8000 different combination In fact we can manufacture au indefinite number.

page_text: of locks each having a different combination which requires an appropriate key which
is numbered.
Moreover all the parts of the improved locks are interchangeable as a result of our
methods of construction so that we liave been able to make composing sticks comprising
a series of any number of segments or sections a, b, c, numbered according to the
number chosen for the division and series of small tubes and stems m, n, o also
numbered and corresponding to the cylinders so that if by any cause whatever a key
should get lost and it is feared that the finder may make a fraudulent use of it it is
only necessary to take off the lock remove the play of the segments or sections
contained in the box and replace it by another play having a different combination
and requiring a different key.
The combination key shewn on a large scale Figures 6 and 7 and in detail
Figure 8 is formed by a large tube 7 provided with a shoulder and which receives in
succession three cases r,, separated one from the other by three washers s s¹ s²
each rendered stationary by the projection X formed on the same and which engages
with the groove of the tube q.
Inside the latter are slidden two other tubes t, u & a stem which are capable of
working independently of one another and which fill the office of the tubes m, n, o
of ordinary single keys.
Each of the cases r,², is provided internally with a helicoidal groove in which
enters the projections which are carried respectively by the tubes tu & the stem v
which are thus operated and guided by the groove of the tube when the said cases
are turned. On the periphery which is partially milled are engraved the ten numerals
from 0 to 9 corresponding to the ten notches of the washers s, s¹, s² and the pitch of
the internal helix corresponds to the number chosen for the division of the sections
or segments. In this case this pitch corresponds to the number 10 the key being
designed to open a series of 1000 locks.
In this example we have chosen for the combination the number 782 that is to say
we have inserted into the box B of the lock the No. 7 of the series of segments or
sections the No. 8 of the series of segments or sections & the No. 2 of the series
of segments or sections C. In order to open the lock with the key R the figures 7, 8 & 2
of the cases are brought exactly in front of the guide notchy and the arrow of
the tube 1 which is facilitated by the engagement of the small stop with one of the
notches of the washers 8, 1, 2 the said stop serving to indicate the points of stoppage
and the lock can be operated; for in operating the cases, as hereinbefore
described, the tubes ta & the stem have been caused to advance through distances
corresponding to those through which the segments or sections must be pushed in
order to bring the three slots a, b, c into the plane of the rib h.
The key R may replace with advantage the cumbrous bunches of keys ordinarily
used in offices, Counting houses, hotels, factories etcetera which possess a series of
locks. We can make combination keys which shall open a part of a series of any
desired numbers 10 for instance. In this case one only of the two inner tubes or the
stem only is moveable and the key has only a single case.
We can also make keys for opening a series of 8000 locks or any other series.
The improved safety lock constructed as herein above described is unpickable.
However, assuming that a person possesses a key with moveable tubes as shown in
Figures 6 and 7 by first operating the key as if to turn the case C, and then operating
one of the moveable tubes, he might after a great deal of trying and feeling be able
to feel when the slot at for instance, is in front of the slot i, by a slight diminution of
resistance, and thus turn the key, and then after having operated in succession upon
each of the segments or sections, he might succeed in bringing the three slots a³, b¹, c¹,
into the plane of the rib h, and thus cause the lock to work.
But the duration of time required for this operation, precludes its being put into
practise. However in order to obviate this drawback, assuming it to exist, the
slots i,,, of the rib h are made of two different widths, as shown in Figure 4, and
in the ribs of the segments or sections a, b, c, at suitable heights, are formed slots
similar to the slots a¹, b, c, but of half their depth.

page_text: These false slots allow the rib h to engage the rein to a slight extent, but are not
deep enough to allow a free passage to the same.
By this means if a person should operate upon the cylinders in the manner herein-
before described he will no doubt feel diminutions of resistance, but thinking he is on
the right track he will have brought for instance, two false slots into the plane of the
rib h, and the lock will not be able to be made to work, as it is impossible to see the
safety mechanism, the three proper slots can never be improperly brought into the plane
of the rib h.
It will he clear that instead of three sections or segments any suitable number may
be employed, if the key and other parts be suited thereto. The nature of this
invention will remain unaltered.

page_text: I, JULES EMILE GALOY, of 10 Place de la Nation, Paris, France, Merchant,
do hereby declare the nature of this invention, and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-
This Invention relates to an improved safety lock in which the safety mechanism,
which is quite unpickable, is situated in a key tube and cannot be seen except when the
lock is taken to pieces; also to keys for use with such locks.
In the sheet of drawings filed with my provisional specification,
Fig. 1 is a longitudinal section of a lock constructed according to this invention.
Fig. 2 is a plan view, the cover plate being removed.
Fig. 3 shows in detail, the elevation and plan of the three parts constituting the
safety mechanism of the lock.
Fig. 4 shows in detail, in elevation and inverted plan, the piece which fits upon
the box which encloses the safety mechanism.
Fig. 5 is a section of the key suitable for the lock illustrated.
Figs. 6, 7 and 8 show to a larger scale in elevation, in longitudinal section, and in
detail a combination key suitable for opening a series of a thousand locks.
A is the case of the lock. B the box rivetted to the case A and in which engage the
three pieces a, b, c which constitute the safety mechanism.
These pieces which have the form of a section or segment of a cylinder, are
surmounted, the piece a by a tube d, the piece b by a tube e and the piece c by a stem
or spindle f
Each of these pieces also carries a rib capable of moving in a groove of the box B
and cut or slotted at a', and c¹ respectively.
C is a kind of case fitting upon the cylindrical box B and thus enclosing all the
safety mechanism. It is provided internally with a circular rib cut or slotted
at i,,for the passage of the ribs of the segments a, b, c and serves to operate the
bolt P by the projection E which it (C) carries, when the key is introduced into the
tube D by which it is surmounted. F is the front cover plate of the lock to which is
rivetted the key tube G, which passes through the frame of the door.
The arrangement of the bolt P, of the stop bar H, the spring I, and of the spring
bolt K is almost similar to other locks, excepting some variations in shape.
The essential nature of this invention consists in the arrangement of the three
sections or segments a, b, c in combination with the case C. These three sections are
connected together by their tubes and stem d, e, f which engage one within the
other, and are capable of working together or independently of one another. They
constitute thus the play of the cylinder placed in box B (Fig. 1).
Three small opposing springs g g¹ g² of delta or other metal are maintained by stems
screwed into the box B; they pass through the sections or segments a, b, c and have

page_text: a constant tendency to push back these latter. The case C fits upon the box B. The
three slots in the rib formed on the inside of C, allow the passage of the
three ribs of the sections or segments. The whole is covered in by the front plate or
cover F and the key tube G.
In normal operation, the springs 9, 9, 92, push the sections or segments a, b, c
towards or against the bottom of the case C, and the ribs of the said cylinders
remaining engaged in the slots i², it is impossible to turn the case C and thus
operate the bolt P of the lock.
In order to bring the case C into operation, and thus open or close the lock, there
are formed respectively at different heights in the rib formed on each section or
segment a, b, c, slots a, b, c, of the same size as the thickness of the circular
rib h.
By this means in order to effect the object hereinbefore specified, the slots a' b c¹
must be brought into one and the same plane, viz., that of the rib h. This is effected
by means of the key (Fig 5). This key consists of a tube o terminating in a ring
and carrying a projection or spur e.
In the interior of this tube o are fixed by means of tin soldering or otherwise, two
small tubes m, n and a stem o. The dimensions of these tubes and the stem are
calculated to correspond with the amounts through which the sections or
seginents a, b, c must be pushed in order to bring the slots a c¹ into the plane of
the rib h.
The key o having been inserted into the tube G, and the tube D, as shewn in Fig. 1,
and having acted by means of its inner steps upon the tubes d, e, and the stem f of the
sections or segments a, b, c, to push them through the required respective distances,
the slots a, b, c, become situated in the plane of the rib h, and then the case C can
be turned, and thus by means of its projection E operate the bolt P and the spring
bolt K through the medium of the part J.
As soon as the key is removed, the opposing springs g, g', g², bring the sections or
segments back into their original positions, thus preventing all rotary movement of the
case C by means of any instrument other than the appropriate key.
The bolt can be operated from the inside by inserting the key into the tubular
part N which is rivetted to the case and adapted to receive the tube M which forms
one piece with the projection L. A small stop p whose end is wedge-shaped is
situated with a small coiled spring in the solid portion of the part M, and by its
engagement in a small groove of the pipe N constitutes a stop after each turn of
the key.
The slots a, b, c, which carry the respective sections or segments a, b, c, can be
placed at ten, fifteen, twenty or other different heights according to the series and the
number chosen for division.
Thus if we adopt the division 10, we can by combining the ten segments or sections
of each of the three series in every possible way, form 1000 plays of cylinders or
combinations each different from the others, and requiring each an appropriate key:
If we choose the division 20, we can form with the 20 segments or cylinders of the
three series 8000 different combinations.
In fact, we can manufacture an indefinite number of locks each having a different
combination which requires an appropriate key which is numbered.
Moreover, all the parts of the improved locks are interchangeable as a result of our
methods of construction so that we have been able to make composing sticks com-
prising a series of any number of segments or sections a, b, c, numbered according to
the number chosen for the division, and series of small tubes and stems m, n, o, also
numbered and corresponding to the cylinders, so that if by any cause whatever a key
should get lost, and it is feared that the finder may make a fraudulent use of it, it is
only necessary to take off the lock, remove the combination of segments or sections
contained in the box and replace it by another combination having a different arrange-
ment and requiring a different key.
The combination key shown on a large scale, Figs. 6 and 7, and in detail Fig. 8 is
formed by a large tube y provided with a shoulder, and which receives in succession

page_text: three cases, 2, separated one from the other by three washers s, s¹, 3, each
rendered stationary by the projection X formed on the same and which engages with
the groove of the tube 7.
Inside the latter are slidden two other tubes t, u, and the stem which are capable
of working independently of one another and which fill the office of the tubes m, n, o
of ordinary single keys.
Each of the cases, is provided internally with a helicoidal groove in which
enters the projections which are carried respectively by the tubes and the stem
which are thus operated and guided by the groove of the tube.q, when the said cases
are turned.
On the periphery which is partially milled, are engraved the ten numerals from
to corresponding to the ten notches of the washers, s, , and the pitch of the
internal helix corresponds to the number chosen for the division of the sections or
segments. In this case this pitch corresponds to the number 10, the key being designed
to open a series of 1000 locks.
In this example we have chosen for the combination the number 782 that is to say
we have inserted into the box B of the lock the No. 7 of the series of segments or
sections the No. 8 of the series of segments or sections b, and the No. 2 of the series of
segments or sections c. In order to open the lock with the key R. the figs. 7, 8 and 2
of the cases, 2, are brought exactly in front of the guide notchy, and the arrow of
the tube which is facilitated by the engagement of the small stop with one of the
notches of the washers.s, s¹, s, the said stop serving to indicate the points of stoppage,
and the lock can be operated; for in operating the cases,1,2, as herein before
described, the tubes t, u, and the stem. have been caused to advance through distances
corresponding to those through which the segments or sections must be pushed.in
order to bring the three slots a¹, b, c, into the plane of the rib h.
The key R may replace with advantage the cumbrous bunches of keys ordinarily
used in offices, country houses, hotels, factories etcetera, which possess a series of locks.
We can make combination keys which shall open a part of a series of any desired
number, 10 for instance. In this case one only of the two inner tubes or the stem
only is movable and the key has only a single case.
We can also make keys for opening a series of 8000 locks or any other series.
The improved safety lock constructed, as herein above described is unpickable.
However, assuming that a person possesses a key with movable tubes as shown in
Figs. 6 and 7, by first operating the key as if to turn the case C, and then operating
one of the movable tubes, he might after a great deal of trying and feeling be able to
feel when the slot a¹ for instance, is in front of the slot i, by a slight diminution of
resistance, and thus turn the key, and then after having operated in succession upon
each of the segments or sections he might succeed in bringing the three slots a¹, b¹, e¹,
into the plane of the rib h and thus cause the lock to work.
But the duration of time required for this operation, precludes its being put into
practice. However in order to obviate this drawback, assuming it to exist, the
slots i,,, of the rib are made of two different widths, as shewn in Fig. 4, and in
the ribs of the segments or sections a, b, c, at suitable heights, are formed slots similar
to the slots a¹, b, c, but of half their depth.
These false slots allow the rib h to engage therein to a slight extent, but are not
deep enough to allow a free passage to the same.
By this means if a person should operate upon the cylinders in the manner herein-
before described he will no doubt feel diminutions of resistance, but thinking he is on
the right track he will have brought for instance, two false slots into the plane of the
rib h, and the lock will not be able to be made to work. As it is impossible to see the
safety mechanism, the three proper slots can never be improperly brought into the
plane of the rib h.
It will be clear that instead of three sections or segments, any suitable number may
be employed, if the key and other parts be suited thereto. The nature of this
invention will remain unaltered.

page_text: Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is
1. A safety lock comprising a set of three or more cylinders or combinations such
as a, b, €, situated within a box such as B and covered by a case or barrel such as C
surmounted by a tube for the reception of a key.
2. In a lock of the kind referred to in the previous claim the safety mechanism
composed of three or more cylinders or combinations a, b, c, provided with tubes d, e,
and the stem fin combination with a barrel or case C carrying a bit or projection E
and a circular rib the arrangement being such that the case or barrel can only
turn and operate the bolt P after the insertion of the appropriate key which acts upon
the tubes d, e, and upon the stem of the cylinders a, b, c, and brings slots formed
in them into the plane of the circular rib / of the case C substantially as described.
3. In conjunction with a lock such as referred to in claim 1 a key containing two
small tubes such as m, n, and a stem such as o which act upon the tubes d, e,
and the stem as set forth to allow of the operation of the bolt P substantially as
described.
4. The key with variable combinations substantially as described with reference to
Figs. 6, 7 and 8 and in which the movable tubes and the stem t, u, v, arranged inside
the tube y are operated by the cases, 72, which are provided with an internal
helicoidal groove, the said key serving to open a complete series of locks, capable of
being arranged to open only one part of this series, as herein specified.
5. The improved lock constructed, arranged and operating substantially as described
with reference to Figures 1 to 5 of the drawings.
תוי
30
1000
J. E. GALOY,
Per L. W