FURTHER IMPROVEMENTS ON MY METHOD OF PRINTING BY MEANS OF MACHINERY
Year: 1811

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, FREDERICK
KOENIG, of Castle Street, near Finsbury Square, in the County of Middlesex,
Printer, send greeting.
WHEREAS His most Excellent Majesty King George the Third did, by
His Letters Patent under the Great Seal of the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, bearing date at Westminster, the Thirtieth day of
October, in the fifty-second year of His reign, give and grant unto me, the
said Frederick Koenig, my exors, adiñors, and assigns, His especial licence,
full power, sole privilege and authority, that I, the said Frederick Koenig, my
exors, admors, and assigns, should and lawfully, might, during the term of
years therein mentioned, make, use, exercise, and vend, within England,
Wales, and the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, my Invention of "FURTHER
IMPROVEMENTS ON MY METHOD OF PRINTING BY MEANS OF MACHINERY; " in which
said Letters Patent there is contained a proviso that if I, the said Frederick
Koenig, shall not particularly describe and ascertain the nature of my said
Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, by an instrument
in writing under my hand and seal, and cause the same to be enrolled in His
Majesty's High Court of Chancery within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent, that then the said
Letters Patent, and all liberties and advantages whatsoever thereby granted,
shall utterly cease, determine, and become void, anything therein-before con-
tained to the contrary thereof notwithstanding.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
Frederick Koenig, do hereby declare that the following written description
and Drawings hereunto annexed contain a particular description of my said

page_text: Invention in the present improved state thereof, and that the original principle
or principles of my said Invention, for which I have obtained His Majesty's
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-ninth day of March, One thousand
eight hundred and ten, and which are explained in a Specification iurolled on
or about the Twenty-eighth day of September, One thousand eight hundred
and ten, in the Inrollment Office in Chancery, are repeated in the following
description, as far as necessary, to make intelligible the additions to and im-
provements upon the original plan, and inwhat manner mysaid Invention, with
all the improvements thereupon, is to be performed and used, that is to say:-
Tab. I. exhibits an elevation or front view of the said machine, and will
serve to give a general idea of its action, before I enter upon the descrip-
tion of the single parts thereof. A (the same things are indicated by the
same letters or figures of reference in all the Drawings) is a cast-iron plate,
serving the purpose of the coffin in the common press, upon which is fixed the
form a. To A is given a continual reciprocating motion from b to c, and back
to b. d, e, f, g, h, are the inking cylinders, whose construction and action
will be more fully explained herein-after. Those cylinders are constantly
revolving, and d and e are designed to lay the ink on the types, which opera-
tion is performed by e being brought in contact with the form when it is
passing, with a corresponding velocity in that cylinder, in the direction
from to c, and d is acting in the same manner when the form is returning
from c to b. B is the printing cylinder, upon the top of which is laid the
sheet, which is secured, and, as it were, wrapt round part of the cylinder by
means to be described hereafter. B revolves by intervals, so as to meet the
form in proper time and place, and the latter, in passing with a corresponding
velocity under that cylinder, gives the impression to the sheet. In the
interval in which the form is returning to be re-inked another sheet is laid
on the printing cylinder, which is printed in the like manner, and the same
circle of action is continued.
Tab. 2. Fig. 1, exhibits an elevation of that part of the machine which per-
forms the operation of inking. i is an endless screw which gives motion to the
screw wheel K, on the spindle of which is another endless screw L, which com-
municates motion to the screw wheel m, the bearings of which m are attached
to n. a, the carriage or frame of the whole inking apparatus. In the centre
of m is the nut for the screw o, which latter, being connected with the
guides P and ጉ is prevented by the same from turning, but is at liberty
to move up and down when the screw wheel m is moved. 7s the ink box,
of a cylindrical shape, filled with printers' ink. This box has at the bottom a
hole of about of an inch diameter. is the piston fixed to o, and fitting to

page_text: the inside of q. Though there be a hole at the bottom of the ink box the ink
cannot run out when the piston is air-tight, by reason of that well-known law
in hydraulics, that the external air will counterpoise a certain quantity of any
fluid inclosed in a similar manner. It is evident, from the Drawings, that
when motion is communicated to i, and thereby to the other parts of the
machine just described, the piston will be forced down into the ink box with
a very slow motion, and ink will be pressed out through the hole at the
bottom, which is thus communicated to the cylinders fand t. f and t are
made of brass, wood, or any other hard substance, and their object is to spread
the ink in the first instance, for, as it is frequently falling in drops from the
ink box, those drops are crushed between sand t. t communicates the ink
to the other cylinders, and by their continual revolution it is distributed or
spread on their surfaces. The supply of ink being not always quite so regular
and uniform as is desirable if the screw o be not mathematically true, the
following contrivance is adopted for obviating this defect:- The cylindert (see
Tab. II., Fig. 2) is revolving upon the two arms of a swivel N b, and it if
fixed excentric upon its spindle; its pivots are turning in mortaises N b, and
pressed towards the center of s by springs, so that s and t are constantly in
contact, and the center of t, when revolving, is alternately approaching and
receding from the center of s. The cylinder t is, moreover, kept in such a
position above that it touches the latter only with that part of the circum-
ference which is farthest from the center. Suppose, then, the supply of ink
were too great for a minute, it will not be immediately communicated to h, but
accumulate upon s and t; and as necessarily a short interval must follow
where no ink will be pressed out, the former surplus will be successively com-.
municated toh, and thus the supply of ink will regulate itself to a great degree
of uniformity. In order to secure a perfect distribution of ink, I have adopted
not only the number and size of the cylinders, as shewn in the Drawings,
whereby the ink is spread over a large surface, and the different diameters of
the cylinders offer constantly new points of contact, but I cause, moreover, the
two middle cylinder f and g, at the same time that they are revolving, to be
shifted sideways in horizontal and opposite directions from u to v, and back
to u, by which motion the ink is spread lengthways on the cylinders, and as the
points of contact are thereby changed every movement in every direction, the
most perfect distribution of ink is obtained. It is, however, not essential that
this horizontal motion should be confined to the middle cylinders; I claim
it in general as part of my Invention for the purpose of distributing the ink.
The two lower cylinders d and eare to lay the ink on the former. It is already
mentioned that is done when the form is passing and repassing under the

page_text: cylinders, and it is obvious that that cylinder which is brought in contact with
the form must move with a corresponding velocity and in the same direction as
the form. For this roason two bottom cylinders are adopted, revolving in
opposite directions, as marked by the arrows W and W. d and e revolve upon
a separate frame or carriage r,which is moveable round the centre pins y, and
rests with the same upon the supporters, and this moveable frame is connected
so as to form one piece by the cross bar A a. Ife be pressed down as far as
to come in contact with the types, d is thereby raised above the level of the
form, and vice versa.
It remains to give a description of the interior construction and composition
of the inking cylinders. Tab. IV., Fig. 1, is a section of such a cylinder on a
larger scale. A 6 is the spindle or axis, which is hollow like the barrel of a
gun.
A c are the arms fixed on the spindle, with A d, a brass tube upon
them. A e is flannel, felt, or any other soft and equal substance, covering the
brass tube, and serving as a bed to the skin A f, which forms the outside of
the cylinder. Any kind of skin, pelt, or leather, which is fit for printers' balls
may be used for covering the inking cylinders. In order to keep the said skin
or leather in such a moist and soft state as is required for printing, the spindle
of the cylinder has several holes in the diametrical directions communicating
with the longitudinal hole in it,through which, from time to time, steam or water
may be let into the interior of the cylinder. The water is admitted through
a great number of small holes in Ad to the flannel, which, communicating its
dampness from the inside to the leather, keep it always in proper state. The
bearings of the rollers f,g,h, are made to slide up and down in the frame Na,
and, by means of the regulating screw c, their position and pressure upon each
other may be adjusted. The frame of the machine, by which the several parts
thereof are either connected or supported, is marked D. (Part of the side
frame is indicated with red lines, and is supposed not to cover the parts
behind it.) E are the ribs upon which the coffin or carriage is rolled.
A g is a cross piece for holding the ink box. A h is a handle for occa-
sionally screwing up the piston r. Ai are iron pins with a strong spring
round each of them, and at liberty to move backward and forward in sockets
in A k, the supporters for those pius. Their object is to mitigate, by means
of the springs, the impulse and swing of the carriage when its motion is to
be reversed. The manner in which the second operation in printing the
impression is performed by my machine may be best understood from Tab. I.
B is a cylinder of cast iron, brass, or wood, from the periphery of which, how-
ever, in three places A 1, some part is taken off (as shewn in the Drawing),
and which on that account is not, strictly speaking, a perfect cylinder, tho' I

page_text: shall call it so in order to avoid prolixity. Upon this cylinder, from A m
to An, are fixed with screws, so as to form one piece with the cylinder, three
tympans A o, resembling the inner tympan in the common press, only with
the difference that the latter is flat, and the one in my machine has the form
of part of a circle. It is almost superfluous to state that blankets or broad-
cloth are laid between the cylinder and the parchment, because that is an
essential part of any tympan. At Ap are points similar to those on tympans
in the common press, and for the same purpose. The sheet to be printed is
placed on the tympan, and will lay itself round the cylinder by its own weight.
F, F, and F, are three frames, each serving the purpose of a frisket, and I
will give them that name, though they are of an entirely different construction
from those used at the common press, and they require on that account a
particular description.
Tab. IV. Fig. 2 is a side view, and Fig. 3 an end view, of such a
frisket. A 1, are iron bars forming a frame somewhat longer than the
cylinder, and fixed to the same by the center pins Ar, round which the fraine
is moveable. A s, and A t, are two cross-bars; the first is fixed to the
cylinder, the second is at liberty to revolve, having bearings at A q. A u are
straps, web, or any other similar substance, attached to A s, and likewise
attached and wound upon little pullies fixed to A t. A v is another small
pulley on A t, connected with a clock spring in a box Ax, by a strap A w.
This spring has a constant tendency to wind up the strap A. w, and to unwind
it from A v, and the same motion, as appears from the Drawing, winds the
straps Au upon At; those straps have, therefore, a constant tendency to be
tight in a straight line from A s to A t. Ay are bars forming the under part of
the frisket; they are connected with Az, clock springs in a box, by a strap G.
The object of A is to open the frisket; and the motion of A y is marked
by dotted lines in the Drawing. Pare two very slight springs attached to the
outside straps, and connected with a slight cross bar O, which is projecting a
little before the straps A . To explain the use and action of this frisket
I must refer to the front view, Tab. I. Suppose a sheet to be laid on that
tympan which is uppermost, and that motion be given to the cylinder in the
direction of the arrow Ba, the frisket must go along with the cylinder, and
its upper end, leaning against the guides B b, will be brought successively
nearer to the cylinder. The straps A u meeting the sheet at R, are unwound
from the cross bar A t, and wound up round the cylinder, and thus take hold
of the sheet successively; but as it happens sometimes that the sheet does not
lay close to the cylinder by its own weight, and that the margin of it is curled
up a little in the shape which is marked by the dotted line S, the straps A u,

page_text: in meeting the sheet first, would shift the margin of it, and rolling the rest
before themselves, would drive it altogether from its right place. The purpose
of the springs P and the cross bar O is to prevent that O meeting the margin
of the sheet before A u presses it gently down on the cylinder, and the
straps, thus taking right hold of the margin, cannot fail to secure the rest of
the sheet without shifting it. When the cylinder has moved a third of a revo-
lution the frisket F 1 will be in the position of F 2, the straps A u will be
wound round that part of the cylinder of which the bar A g is the chorde
holding the sheet, which is thus ready to be presented in a circular shape to
the form for impression. The straps A u, with the pullies, may be shifted
sideways upon any part of the cross bars A s and A t, to each particular
form, in such a manner that they cover the margin of the paper and the blanks
between the pages, leaving the interstices open for the impression of the
form. As soon as the cylinder has been moved another third of a revolution
the frisket, which was before in the position of F 2, will be advanced to the
position of F 3; the sheet held by this frisket has received the impression
and is ready to be discharged, but the carriage being then at H, it is obvious
that the sheet ought not be thrown upon the form. To obviate that, the end of
the guide Bb, marked I, is moveable on a joint, and there is fixed to each
side of the coffin a projecting piece of brass N c, for lifting I, and holding it
up in the position shown in Drawing, where the frisket cannotopen. Assoon
as the carriage is returned beyond B, I being no longer supported will drop in
the position marked by dotted lines, the frisket will be pulled by the operation
of the spring Az in the position B d (marked with dotted lines), and the
printed sheet will be discharged at H, whence it is taken by a fly-boy before
the carriage returns. To recapitulate the action of the printing cylinder, with all
its appendages: the cylinder is moved for each sheet one third of a revolution,
and then stopped; the first start will carry the sheet round to the left side, and
secure it at the same time by winding the frisket upon it; with the second start
the impression is given and the sheet thrown off; with the third start the
empty tympan is coming up again to receive a new sheet. There being three
tympans and three friskets, every start of the cylinder must necessarily bring
up an empty tympan. The cylinder is always stopped in the position in
which it appears in the Drawing, and those three irregular segments which
are taken off at At allow the form to repass freely under the cylinder B.
Having thus given a minute description of the means used by me for
securing the sheet upon the cylinder, I must observe that perhaps other
methods might be contrived for obtaining the same end, but it will be easily
seen that the main principle of this part of my Invention is, that the im-

page_text: pression is given by a cylinder round which or round part of which the sheet
is wrapped in such a manner that it is presented in a circular shape for
impression. It remains to explain how the register (a term well understood
by every practical printer) is produced by this machine. The form is fixed
exactly upon the middle of the coffin, and the sheet upon the middle of the
tympan, and the wheelwork of the machine is so constructed that a given
point of the form and of the cylinder B must always meet when the form is
passing under B. Suppose, for instance, K to be the middle of the form, and
Ap, the middle of a tympan. If those two points are brought to meet
always in a perpendicular line, it must produce a perfect register, and this can
never fail, considering the uniformity with which a machine acts. This part of
the work depends therefore in other processes entirely upon the care which the
workman lays the sheet upon the right place of the tympan. The dotted line L,
in the front view, indicates a cylinder of wood (covered with flannel or broad
cloth) which is used only for particular cases. There is a size of forms called
broadsides, the whole form being a single page, which will not admit of any
straps in the middle of the friskets, but on the margin only. In this case the
cylinder Lpresses the sheet to the tympan and helps to keep it on its right place.
Be are the brass bearings for the shaft of the cylinder B. B fare regulating
screws for adjusting the power of the impression. Bg are rollers upon
which the coffin is moving. Bhare the spindles of those rollers. Biare
two iron bars, perfectly straight on the lower side, and fixed to the side
frame of the machine. R d are friction rollers attached to the coffin bear-
ing against the bars Bi, to secure the coffin against tilting. Bk is a double
rack fixed to the coffin by the arms Bl.
Having thus described the conformation and the use of the principal parts
of my machine, I shall further describe the manner in which I give motion to
the same, and the connexion between them and the first mover.
Tab. III. exhibits the plan of the whole machine; the frame or carriage
supporting the wheelwork is marked T. Bm is a shaft upon which are fixed
five riggers, marked B n, of different sizes for different speeds. Motion is
communicated from the first mover by a strap to one of the riggers and to
the spur wheel Bo on the same shaft, which takes into Bp, another spur
wheel. Bp gives motion to the spindle B 7, and to the inking cylinder e.
On By is a spur wheel B 7, moving Bs, another spur wheel which turns the
other inking cylinder d. B is a pulley connected with a similar one
underneath it by a catgut; they communicate motion to the three upper
inking cylinders by means of the wheels and pinions B, By, and Bs. The.
cylinders s and t recede their motion from two small pullies Ca and Cb,

page_text: which are connected by a catgut. A bevel pinion on the spindle B q, covered
by the frame, drives Cd, a bevel wheel, the spindle of which is bent into the
shape of two cranks Co and Cf. Those cranks give, by means of the connect-
ing rods Cg and Ch, the horizontal motion to the cylinders fand g, the use of
which is explained in the description of the inking apparatus. Ci is a clutch
box for stopping the motion of the inking cylinders when required. Ck is.
another shaft coupled with B m, by means of a clutch box Cl; upon C k
are fixed two spur wheels C m and C c. Cm drives C n, and C c drives
Co, two other spur wheels. To shew more distinctly the diameter and
respective positions of those wheels, they are drawn separately, Tab. V., Fig. 3.
Cp is the spindle of C m, and upon C p is fixed C 9, a pinion, driving the
double rack Bk, and communicating thereby a continual reciprocating motion
to the carriage. Cr is a universal joint for the purpose of giving liberty to
the pinion C7 to take into the teeth of the double rack either from above or
below. Upon the end of C is fixed Cs, a pulley, which is connected with a
similar pulley Ct by means of a catgut. Ct gives motion to the endless
screw I, and thereby to the piston in the ink box. The several subdivisions on
Cs and Ct are for different speeds, according to the quantity of ink required
for different sizes of forms and types. The spur wheel Co gives motion to
the printing cylinder, but this being an interrupted motion, which does not
appear distinct enough in the Plan, it is explained in Tab. V., Fig. 1, in an
elevation of that part of the wheelwork. The wheel Co is fixed upon N d,
which is the one half of a clutch box; upon N d is likewise fixed N e; another
wheel N d is loose upon its shaft Cu, the latter being round as far as
Nd extends; consequently the wheels Co and Ne are likewise loose
upon the
shaft, and though continually revolving, they do not communicate motion to the
shaft Cu until the other part of the clutch box C v, which is on a square
part of the shaft Cu, is shifted so far as to meet N d. Nc gives motion to
another spur
wheel C w, which latter drives the shaft C x, and two sheaves
y and C, fixed upon C. The rings of Cy and Care projecting
sideways cach in such a part of their periphery, where the opposite one is
narrower, so that the interval between them is parallel tho' in a crooked line.
The lever Da is guided between Cy and C, and, as is obvious from the
Drawing, shifts Cv backwards and forwards, whereby Cu is set in motion
when and as long as is required, and then stopt until the proper time for its
action returns. D is a cheave with three notches, into which a catch N fis
shifted to stop with security and precision the motion of C u. On Cv is a
similar catch Ng to keep the two parts of the clutch box closely engaged for
the time that Cu is in motion. As an interrupted motion is commonly
spur
C

page_text: attended with the inconvenience of causing a jar in the machinery when a
heavy body is started or stopped suddenly, I make use of a particular con-
trivance (see Tab. V., Fig. 4 and 5) for starting and stopping gradually the
shaft Cu and the printing cylinder. On Cu are fixed three arms N "",
Ns,
and Nt, and to the shaft Cx is fixed a piece of brass N v, the shape of which
is shewn in the Drawing. The shaft Cu is always stopt in such a position
that one of those arms is in a straight line to the center of Ca, which latter
revolves once for a sheet. A little while before the two parts of the clutch box
would meet and start the shaft Cu, Nv meets Nr, and, as appears from the
Drawing, communicates to Cu a gradual and accelerating motion. As, how-
ever, the motion of N d is independent of C u, and faster then that of Cx,
Nd overtakes Cv, when both shafts have moved so far that they are in the
position marked with dotted lines in Fig. 4, and the two parts of the clutch
box, remain closely engaged until the impression is over. Fig. 5 shows the
same parts in the position when Nd and Cv are disengaged and the printing
cylinder is to be stopped. The great quantity of matter which is in motion
here would run beyond the mark and cause a jar when suddenly stopped by
the catch N; but the Drawing sufficiently distinct how the motion of Cuis
gradually retarded, and the dotted lines in Fig.5 indicate the position in which
is stopped. The shaft Cu extends from u to v, and is coupled at the latter
place with the shaft of the printing cylinder D c by means of an excentric
joint W, which requires a particular description.
Tab. IV., Fig. 4, is a cross, the shape of which will be distinctly under-
stood from the Drawing, Fig. 4 being a side view, and Fig. 5 an end view of
it. Two arms of this cross D d are fitted into a groove in the flaunch D,
which is fixed on the shaft D c, and near the other two arms marked D e are
fitted into a similar groove in the flaunch D g, on the shaft C u. Fig. 6
and Fig. 7 shews the face of those flaunches, and their respective position.
Each part of the cross, either D d or De, is at liberty to move lengthways in
its groove; but being confined therein sideways, it is obvious that this cross
must communicate the rotatory motion from one shaft to the other, though it
is loose in either. The real object of this contrivance, however, is to com-
municate a perfectly regular motion in case one shaft is shifted, so as to be no
longer concentric with the other, which will be frequently the case in this
part of my machine, for suppose the printing cylinder to be adjusted a little
higher or lower then is necessary for middle-sized forms, the relative position
of the shaft De to Cu, will be excentric, though still parallel. In this case the
cross operates as a kind of universal joint, for that part of it which is hori-
zontal, or within the range of forty-five degrees from the horizontal line,
B

page_text: shifts or pulls down the other part which is perpendicular, or at the same
distance from the perpendicular line, and this changes continually from one
part of the cross to the other as the shaft revolves. If one of the flaunches
is made to be shifted back on the shaft in the same manner as one part of a
common clutch box, it may be altogether disengaged from the cross, and this
contrivance will serve at the same time the purpose of a universal joint and
clutch box for shafts not concentric. The same contrivance is made use of
for coupling the bottom cylinder e with the spindle Bq, with the difference
only that the cross moves between friction rollers instead of a groove. The
excentric joint is marked there N w. It remains now only to explain in
what manner that motion is communicated to the moveable frame of the two
bottom cylinders, whereby they are alternately brought in and out of contact
with the form. As the several parts belonging to it do not appear distinct
enough in the general Drawing, it is exhibited separately in Tab. V, Fig. 2.
Y is the center of the moveable carriage X, the arms of which extend from
Dh to Di, as shewn by the dotted lines between those letters of refference.
Dk are uprights fixed to the side frame of the machine.
Dland D m are
pieces of brass moveable (in sockets in D ) in the perpendicular direction
only; round D and D m are springs, impelling these pieces constantly down-
wards. In D and D mare fixed pins D n and Do, bearing alternately on
the opposite arms of X. Dp are carriages fixed to the side frame of the
machine, bearing the bar D q, which is moveable (in sockets in D p) in the
horizontal direction. D is a spring round D 2, impelling the same to the
right. On Dg are two wedges, Ds and Dt. Du is a piece of wood fixed
excentric on the shaft C x. Dv and D w are two arms fixed on the
spindle Da; the top of D w is engaged in a mortoise in the bar Dq. The
revolution of D u will, as appears from the Drawing, communicate motion to
Dv and D w, when the excentric part of it comes down, and the bar D g will
be shifted to the left, whereby the spring Dris compressed and Dm is lifted
by Ds so high that the pin D n is above that arm of X. The same motion
of D g pulls D t from under D 1, and the spring down the latter is thereby
set at liberty to press with the pin Do on the opposite arm of X. When the
excentric part of D u is passed by, Dr drives 1 g the other way, and the same
effect is produced upon the other cylinder. The spring on D1 and Dm may be
more or less compressed, and the degree of pressure with which the inking
cylinders are to touch the types may thereby be regulated to that degree of
nicety which is required for this operation. The lever R a, with which the
clutch box C is shifted, is connected with a bar R b, and moves the same into
a notch in the sheave R c, in order to stop the machine in a particular place.

page_text: Having thus minutely described all the component parts of my machine, and
their purpose and action, I shall pointoutsome other combinations of the same
parts or principles whereby the effect of the machine may be doubled and
quadrupled.
Thedotted circle X indicates another printing cylinder, perfectly similar to
B, with all its appendages, and for the same purpose. Suppose the form were
inked bye, and printed by B, in returning it may be inked by d and printed by X.
Thus in the same time double the number of copies may be obtained from one
form, and for that reason I call this a double mahine. In a machine of this
description the dimensions must be somewhat enlarged to the circumstances,
but the several parts and their action are the same. If, however, cases should
occur where the printing of a great number of copies from the same form in
the least possible time were an object of such importance as to compensate
foran expensive machine for producing such effect, the following combination
of the same principles may be adopted, whereby the speed is further
encreased; even in a double machine that time is lost when the form, after
being printed, for instance by B, has to return to d and X. Suppose, then,
that a number of machines were combined or brought together in a system,
one machine close to the other, and that the form were continually running
forward from one machine to the other, it is evident that then every part of
the
way of the form would be productive,
Tab. VI., Fig. 2, exhibits a plan of such a system of machines. The form is
travelling in a circle, and the inking and printing apparatus must have, for
obvious reasons, the shape of truncated cones, tho' they are acting exactly in
the same manner as the cylindrical ones. Ten machines are in the Drawing
supposed to be placed round the circle, and one man for changing the sheet
before each printing cone. When the impression is given at No. 1, the form
proceeding to No. 2, No. 3, &c. is continually either inked or printed. In the
meanwhile the man at No. 1 has sufficient time to change the sheet, because
the form does not return to him till after a whole revolution, which will have
produced ten copies. Thus the number of copies may be multiplied with very
great speed, as fast as the form can run, without overstraining the machinery.
Little explanation will suffice to give a distinct idea of such a combination of
several machines into one, and I shall point out only these parts where any
material alteration is necessary on account of the circular motion and the
conical shape of several parts.
Tab. VI., Fig. 1, is an elevation in front of one single machine of this
description, represented as in a plane. The plan exhibits the whole of the frame
and of the general wheelwork. There is, moreover, only one machine sketched

page_text: in the Plan, because the Drawings of the nine others would have been so
many repetitions of the same thing. The frame of the whole machine is
marked N h. Pa and Pb are the inking cones, which touch the form as
the must both move in the same direction. There is an intermediate cone P c
betwixt. Pd is a cone for the same purpose as the cylinders fand g, namely
to spread the ink lengthways, and it is shifted in a similar manner on Pc;
its spindle turns in a mortaise, so that it may rise and sink. P d receives
its motion from Pc by friction only, and the velocity with which it moves is
variable in consequence of its being shifted alternately on a larger or lesser
part of the cone. Pc, Pe, and Pf, are two cones for the same purpose
as the cylinders and t. Pa, Pe, and Pf, are not drawn in the Plan, in
order to shew more clearly the parts below the same; their respective positon
appears sufficiently distinct from the elevation. The cones Pa, and P bare
revolving on the arms of a swivel, which has the same center with the
cone Pc, by which means the same clastic pressure upon the types which is
used for the inking cylinders may be applied to the cones. P is the
printing cone; there is only one tympan and one frisket to each cone, and the
printed sheet must be brought to the top again, because it cannot be thrown
off sidewise, there being another machine close to the first; the guides Bb
(see Tab. I.) must be on that account lengthened round the cone as far as is
necessary for that purpose. The tympan and frisket are in principle the same
as in the cylindrical press; they must be, however, adapted to the conical
shape, which is easily done with the tympan in making the same fit to the
side of the cone, so as to form part of it for adapting the frisket to the conical
shape. The following practical rule must be observed:-Take a sheet of
paper, a perfect rectangle; of the largest size intended to be printed with the
machine, and wrap the same round the cone in such a manner that a straight
line drawn on the middle of the sheet (consequently parallel with its edges)
when continued would meet the centre Ph; construct and and fix the
frisket in such a manner that a line drawn through the joints of the frisket
runs parallel with one edge of the sheet, and that when the frisket is shut the
bar At runs in like manner parallel with the other edge of the sheet. The
Plan shews by what means motion is given to such a system of machines.
Pis an upright shaft, to which are fixed Pi, Pk, and Pl, three bevil wheels.
The latter communicates motion to Pm and Pn, two bevil wheels on the
same shaft. The latter drives Po, the ring of a bevil wheel, with teeth fixed to
and suspended on the coffin, and on three similar carriages at four opposite parts
of this ring, which is kept concentric by friction rollers. In this mannera con-
stant circular motion is communicated to the coffinandform. Pkgives motion

page_text: to Pp, a small bevil wheel, and the latter, by means of P q, Pr, and P s,
three other bevil wheels, to the inking cones. The cone Pd is shifted side.
ways by P t, an excentric sheave on the shaft P h, surrounded with a
hoop Pu. A connecting rod with universal joints is attached, with one end
to P d, and with the other other to Pu. The teeth of T i take into
those of P v, a bevil wheel, which is loose upon its shaft, and communicates
motion to the printing cone at intervals by a similar contrivance as is used for
the printing cylinder. The printing cone may be started and stopt gradually
by the same contrivance which is used for the printing cylinder. P w is a
sheave answering the same purpose as D) b. The dotted lines P x shew the
parallel interval between two excentric sheaves on the shaft Ph, which are to
act in a similar manner as C y and Cz. It appears from the Drawing
that Pi, Pk, Pt, and P x, will answer the same purpose for the niue
other machines. In the circle the space between the machines No. 1 and
No. 10 (see Plan) is left open for the purpose of picking and changing the
form.
In witness whereof, I, the said Frederick Koenig, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, the Twenty-ninth day of April, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and twelve.
FREDERICK KOENIG. (L.S.)
FREDERICK KOENIG. (L.S.)
AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the Twenty-ninth day of April,
in the year of our Lord 1812, the aforesaid Frederick Koenig came
before our said Lord the King in His Chancery, aud acknowledged the Speci-
fication aforesaid, and all and every thing therein contained and specified, in
form above written. And also the Specification aforesaid was stampt according
to the tenor of the Statute made for that purpose.
Inrolled the Twenty-ninth day of April, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and twelve.