IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CON- STRUCTION OF CHURNS
Year: 1879

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Waide, of Leeds, in the County of York, Cooper
and Churn Manufacturer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CON-
STRUCTION OF CHURNS."
Sealed the 19th December 1879, and dated the 1st October 1879.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Waide at the Office
of the Commissionors of Patents on the 1st October 1879.
WILLIAM WAIDE, of Leeds, in the County of York, Cooper and Churn Manu-
facturer. " IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF CHURNS."
Whereas the axles of churns have hitherto been fixed upon the ends, I make my
churns with the axles attached to the sides. The churns may be of any shape, but
I prefer to make them barrel-shapo; I dispense with all dashers or beaters; I cause
the churns to rotate over end, by which means I facilitate the balling of the butter
and the perfect cleansing of the churns.
This Invention is also applicable for the mixing of colours and other substances,
also for washing and other domestic purposes.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said William Waide in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 30th December
1879.
WILLIAM WAIDE, of Leeds, in the County of York, Cooper and Churn Manu-
facturer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF CHURNS."
My Invention relates in the first place to rotary churns, or churns of the barrel
class which are constructed of wood, metal, earthenware, or other suitable
material.
My Invention in the second place has for its object the economization of
material, and the reduction of manual labour, and the production of a better
quality of butter. My churn being simpler in its construction, more durable in its
action, and more effective in its results.
My Invention has for its object also the production of a churn by which to make
butter without the aid of dashers or beaters, which constitute the main features in
all other rotary or barrel churns.
Dashers or beaters are pieces of wood cut in various shapes, and secured inside
the rotary churns with screws, or otherwise, and when the churn rotates the
dashers or beaters agitate the cream, or in some cases the barrel churn is con-
structed so as not to revolve, but to rest stationary, and the dashers or beaters are
caused to revolve inside the churn, producing the same result.
In the Invention of my new churn I do not introduce dashers or beaters, but
entirely dispense with this mode of producing butter, and yet I secure a more
perfect agitation by which I produce and extract a sweeter and larger quantity of
butter from a given quantity of cream.
My Invention has for its object the construction of a churn, the axle of which is

page_text: attached to or passes through the sides of the churn by which means I secure an
end over end motion to the churn, causing a comparative plunge drop of the whole
mass of cream from one end of the churn to the other, every time the churn passes
its centres by this means, the effect of the fall upon the total mass of cream is far
more effective in the production of butter, end in a shorter period of time than
where the cream is divided into small portions, or broken up by the old fashioned
dashers or beaters hitherto in use.
All other rotary churns have the axles fixed upon the ends and the churn is
made to revolve round, but in my Invention I entirely reverse this arrangement,
and instead off fixing the axles upon the ends I fix the same upon the sides, or
cause the axle to pass through the two opposite sides of the barrel centrally, and I
cause the churn thus mounted to revolve upon a suitable frame by means of a
winch bandle, pulley wheel, or otherwise, giving to the churn the desired end over
end motion.
I do not bind myself to any particular form of churn as my Invention is equally
applicable to every form, but for economy of time in the construction in the general
facilities, and the durability of the churn I prefer the barrel shaped one.
My Invention is equally applicable to all those appliances where matter is
required to be thoroughly mixed or cleansed, as in the blending and mixing of
colours, and the compounding of other dry and liquid matter; also for general
washing purposes in domestic and public establishments, and otherwise.
For the purpose of facilitating the operations of my patent churn, one or both
ends are made removable, by which means the churn can be thoroughly cleansed
and sweetened by the free circulation of the atmosphere through the barrel, and
upon all the other parts when the churn is not in use. The end or ends of my
churn can be kept in position by various means, but I prefer to use two or more
clip wedges fixed upon the periphery at the end or ends of the barrel with corre-
sponding radial wedges revolving upon a centre stud fixed in a central plate, and
so binding or locking down the end or ends upon a vulcanite cork or other flexible
washer to prevent the cream from passing out at the joints during the churning
process, or otherwise.
I do not confine myself to the construction of single churns as described above
with end over end motion, but when large quantities of butter are required to be
churned, I then arrange two or more churns opposite to each other, or if in odd
numbers in lines so as to balance each other, and then cause the same to be fixed in
a suitable frame mounted upon a centre and the whole caused to revolve as above,
substantially as described.
What I claim as new and novel in my Invention is, first, the construction of
a churn having an end over end motion; and secondly, the mounting of two or
any other number of churns upon the same centre, and causing them to revolve at
the same time with an end over end motion for the purpose of producing butter,
and which machinery I claim also as applicable for other purposes.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Waido, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this First day of November, One thousand eight hundred and
seventy nine.
Signed and sealed in the
presence of
LEWIS MORGAN,
Hunslet Road,
Leeds.
WILLIAM WAIDE. (LS)