IMPROVEMENTS IN SHIPS' RUDDERS
Year: 1881

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PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Cooke and Daniel
Mylchreest at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 2nd November
1881.
WILLIAM COOKE and DANIEL MYLCHREEST, of Liverpool, in the County of
Lancaster, Marine Engineers and Naval Architects. "IMPROVEMENTS IN SHIPS'
RUDDERS."
Our Invention consists essentially in making rudders for ships and navigable
vessels of one piece of metal; second, in strengthening rudders made of one piece
of metal by constructing them with fore and aft, or other ribs, projections, or
corrugations; and third, in annealing or smithing rudders made in one piece.
By rudders made in one piece of metal we mean rudders with or without the
head and with or without pintles.
In carrying our Invention into practice we, by preference, cast a rudder in steel,
either plain, or with ribs, projections, or corrugations, and afterwards work it by
beating and hammering, or otherwise, or by annealing. Or we cast a rudder blank
resembling the shape of the finished article, and fashion it by heating and
hammering to the desired form.
The advantages we claim are low cost and durability, with strength. Those
heretofore in use, made of frames and plates, are seldom watertight, and are costly
in maintenance.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said William Cooke aud Daniel Mylchreest in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 1st May 1882.
"
WILLIAM. COOKE and DANIEL MYLCHREEST, of Liverpool, in the County of
Lancaster, Marine Engineers and Naval Architects. IMPROVEMENTS IN SIIIPs'
RUDDERS."
Our Invention consists essentially in making rudders for ships and navigable
vessels of one piece of metal; second, in strengthening rudders made of one piece of
metal by constructing them with fore and aft, or other ribs, projections, or
corrugations; and third, in annealing or smithing rudders made in one piece.
By rudders made in one piece of metal we mean rudders with or without the
head, and with or without pintles.
In carrying our Invention into practice we by preference cast a rudder in steel,
either plain, or with ribs, projections, or corrugations, and afterwards work it by
heating and hammering or otherwise, or by annealing. Or we cast a rudder blank
resembling the shape of the finished article, and fashion it by heating and
hammering to the desired form.
The advantages we claim are low cost and durability, with strength. Those
beretofore in use made of frames and plates are seldom watertight, and are costly
Fig. 1 is a side elevation of a rudder with a plain blade, head stop cleats, bosses,
and pintles, all to the desired size, in one piece of mild steel, under our
'Invention. a, rudder blade; b, head; c, stop cleats; d, bosses; e, pintles; f,
rudder stock.
In some cases a blank is cast of nearly the desired size and form, and is finished
by heating and hammering, or otherwise tooling to the required shape.
Rudders cast as above described are annealed if desired.
Figs. 2 and 3 are side elevations of corrugated and ribbed rudders, without
pintles, under our Invention. In Fig. 2 the rudder a is formed with fore and aft
corrugations g, g', and the rudder, Fig. 3, with vertical ribs or projections h, h¹.
The corru-
Fig. 4 shows the shape of the corrugations, and Fig. 5 of the ribs.
gations, or ribs or projections, are formed in the casting; or they may be formed or
completed after casting by heating and hammering, or forging.
It will be evident that in the foregoing description we have referred to rudders
cast in steel, but they may under our Invention be cast in other metals.
A special advantage in our manufacture is the absence of rivets and fastenings
both in the rudder and stop cleats.
When the rudder head is cast separately the coupling may be effected by any
known or suitable contrivance, and when so cast separately the crosshead or yoke
may be cast with or as part of it.
Having now described and particularized the nature of our said Invention in
such manner that others will be enabled to carry our improvements into effect, we
claim,―
First. Making rudders for ships and navigable vessels of one piece of metal,
substantially as herein set forth.

page_text: Second: Constructing rudders made of one piece of metal with ribs, projections,
or corrugations, substantially as herein set forth.
Third. Annealing or smithing rudders made of one piece of metal, as described.
In witness whereof, we, the said William Cooke and Daniel Mylchrcest, have
hereunto set our hands and seals, this Twenty ninth day of April, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and eighty two.