matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SHOW TABLETS FOR ADVERTIZING PURPOSES
Year: 1856

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Braden and Charles Braden
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on
the 14th April 1856.
We, GEORGE BRADEN and CHARLES BRADEN, both of Sharp's Alley, in the
County of Middlesex, Manufacturers, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SHOW TABLETS FOR
ADVERTIZING PURPOSES, to be as follows:-
Such tablets are ordinarily formed of paper, card, or pasteboard, upon which
are printed, embossed, or drawn the letters and other devices desired; but
when so prepared, they are very subject to injury, and, by requiring to be
frequently replaced, are a constant source of considerable expense; and our
improvements consist in forming the letters or other devices, as well as the
border or frame thereto, by stamping in thin metal (copper or tin by pre-
ference), and in producing variations in colour to the recessed or other parts
by enamel, japan, or other suitable matters; by which, tablets of a durable
character, with brilliant effects, and at considerable saving of expense, will be
obtained, in substitution of those now employed.
We do not claim for stamping or embossing the metal when separately
considered.
IMPROVED APPARATUS APPLICABLE TO THE TREATMENT AND CURE OF RUPTURE, PROLAPSUS UTERI, AND OTHER PROTRUSIONS OF THE VISCERA
Year: 1856

page_text: the
application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Malcolm William Hilles at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 26th
April 1856.
I, MALCOLM WILLIAM HILLES, of Percy Street, Bedford Square, in the
County of Middlesex, Surgeon, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven
tion for IMPROVED APPARATUS APPLICABLE TO THE TREATMENT AND CURE OF
RUPTURE, PROLAPSUS UTERI, AND OTHER PROTRUSIONS OF THE VISCERA, to be as
follows:-
The object of this Invention is, first, to retain pressing pads or cushions
in the required position, and prevent as far as may be the possibility of their
shifting; and, secondly, to give greater ease to the patient wearing such
appliances.
To this end, I employ pads constructed so as to expand or contract at the
desire or need of the patient, and thereby to increase or diminish the pressure
upon the part affected. The pad I prefer to construct of two dish-shaped
plates, which I cover with soft leather or other suitable material, and connect
together by a central regulating screw provided with a milled head. This
screw passes through the outer plate, and takes into a tapped socket attached
to the inner face of the other plate, and by means of guide pins I ensure the
parallelism of these plates. Pads thus constructed I propose to apply (by

page_text: preference) to tight-fitting drawers, provided with pockets to receive them,
which pockets must be situated so as to come directly over the part or parts
of the person intended to receive pressure;. or the pads may be fitted to belts
or bands. When the drawers or belts are put on and fastened, the patient can
readily increase the pressure of the pad to any required amount by expanding
it, and, when desirable, he can as easily reduce the pressure, the screw head or
its equivalent being for that purpose made accessible.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF GAS
Year: 1856

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPI
ATION lett by Emile
at the
ce of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 9th August 1856.
I, EMILE KOPP, of Paris, Professor of Chemistry, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF GAS,"
to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in new dispositions of furnaces and retorts in which
gas is produced, either from coal or other organic substances, in such manner
that the preparation of gas, instead of being intermittent, becomes continuous;
the furnaces and retorts being constantly heated to the required temperature,
and never becoming empty. By means of suitable mechanical arrangement,
such for instance as an endless iron chain and a piston, coal or other fuel is
gradually and continually introduced into the retorts, passes slowly through
them, disengaging gas and being converted into coke, which coke or other
residuum is continually discharged from the retorts, hydraulic occlusion pre-
venting any undue escape of gas, which latter remains constantly of the same
quality during the entire time of manufacturing.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CORNETS AND OTHER WIND MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS
Year: 1856

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry John Distin at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 19th November
1856. A communication.
I, HENRY JOHN DISTIN, of No. 81, Cranbourn Street, Leicester Square, in
the County of Middlesex, Musical Instrument Manufacturer, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN CORNETS AND OTHER
WIND MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS," to be as follows:-
The said improvements consist in the key A, by means whereof the hole B
may be closed or left open, as required.
The improvements may be applied to cornets, trumpets, and other wind
musical instruments. The exact position and diameter of the hole and key to
cover it will vary according to the diameter of the bell, and the kind of instru-
ment; the mechanical arrangement of the key may of course be varied. The
letters A and B refer to the key and hole shewn in the accompanying Drawing.
IMPROVEMENTS IN METERS FOR MEASURING WATER AND OTHER FLUIDS
Year: 1856

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Matthew Hill Loam at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 1st July
1856.
I, MATTHEW HILL LOAM, of Nottingham, Engineer, do hereby declare the
nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN METERS FOR MEASURING WATER
AND OTHER FLUIDS," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in meters for measuring
water and other fluids. For this purpose suitable compartments or chambers
are formed in each apparatus or meter. It is preferred that each meter should
be composed of two chambers, each divided by a fixed partition, so as to form
four compartments for receiving and measuring the water or other fluid which
is allowed to flow into and out of the meter. On either side of each of the
fixed partitions is a flexible diaphragm, and there are perforations through the
fixed partitions, in order that the water or other fluid which is placed between
the two moveable flexible diaphragms may pass from one side to the other of
the fixed partition. A suitable opening is made from the exterior to the
interior of the fixed partition, in order to introduce a quantity of water or other
fluid between the two flexible diaphragms, which opening, when the meter is
in use, is kept closed. The two flexible diaphragms which are on either

page_text: side of a fixed partition are connected together at their centres, but are kept at a
distance apart by a rod which passes through a tube, which, with centre plates
of metal, are screwed together; or the diaphragms may be otherwise combined..
The tube by which the two flexible diaphragms on either side of a fixed par-
tition are combined slides freely through their fixed partitions; hence, when
water is allowed to flow into a compartment on one side of a fixed partition, the
water or other fluid contained between the two flexible diaphragms of that
fixed partition is pressed through the fixed partition, and the compartment on.
that side of the fixed partition becomes full of the water or other fluid to
be measured; and then, on water or other fluid being admitted to the com-.
partment on the other side of that fixed partition, the water or other fluid
between the flexible diaphragms will be driven back through the fixed
partition, and will force out the water or other fluid from the first-mentioned
compartment, and thus will the water or other fluid confined between the two
flexible diaphragms be alternately driven from one side to the other of the
fixed partition, and thus be the means of measuring the water or other fluid
which flows into and out of the compartments of the meter. From the move-
ment of the flexible diaphragms, motion is communicated, by levers and
connecting rods or other suitable mechanism, to valves or cocks suitably
arranged for admitting the water to and from the compartments on either side
of each of the fixed partitions of a meter, and motion is also communicated to
suitable recording or registering apparatus.
AN IMPROVE- MENT IN STEAM ENGINES
Year: 1856

page_text: by the Act.)
acent was not given
prescrived
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Carwood at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 16th December
1856.
I, WILLIAM CARWOOD, of Back Church Lane, in the County of Middlesex,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "AN IMPROVE-
MENT IN STEAM ENGINES," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object an improvement in steam engines. For
this purpose the cylinder is caused to move to and fro over a fixed piston and
hollow piston rod, which, however, is not new. The steam is introduced into
the hollow fixed piston rod through passages, in which the steam passes into
and from the two ends of the cylinder. A suitable slide valve (actuated by
an excentric and valve rod) is employed within the hollow fixed piston rod, by
which the induction and eduction of the steam is regulated. The steam
cylinder in its movement to and fro on the fixed piston and piston rod gives
motion by suitable connecting rods to a crank shaft, or the power of the engine
is otherwise communicated as required. When the steam cylinder works
horizontally, it is supported on friction rollers; or when working vertically, or
at au angle, it may be balanced.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS. FOR RETARDING AND STOPPING CARRIAGES ON RAILWAYS
Year: 1856

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Henry Noone at the Office:
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 7th July.
1856.
I, JOHN HENRY NOONE, of 1, Peter Street, Sun Street, Bishopsgate, do
hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS.
FOR RETARDING AND STOPPING CARRIAGES ON RAILWAYS," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in apparatus for retarding
and stopping carriages on railways; and the Invention consists in a peculiar
combination of apparatus for accomplishing these objects. On either side of a
carriage there is applied a skid or sliding friction apparatus, parallel with the
rails on which the carriage is running. Such skids or sliding friction surfaces,
when out of use, are at a distance above the rails; but when it is desired to
retard or stop a carriage, or train of carriages, these skids or sliding friction
surfaces are lowered down on to the surfaces of the rails; and the apparatus is
so arranged, that when these friction surfaces are pressed closely to the rails,
the wheels of the carriage are lifted off the rails; and it is this combination of
apparatus, used for lowering and raising these skids or friction surfaces on to
the rails, which constitutes the peculiarity of the Invention. A frame is fixed
between the axletree boxes, to the sides of which frame the skids or friction
surfaces are connected by links, two to each skid or friction surface. These
links are pin-jointed to the sides of the frame and to the skids or friction sur-
faces in such manner as to cause the skids or friction surfaces to be moved up.

page_text: and down parallel to the rails. On the upper surface of each skid or friction
surface are uprights, which pass through holes in bars fixed to the frame above
mentioned, by which the projections are guided as the skids or friction surfaces
are raised and lowered. On each of the uprights there are inclines, between
which bars, carrying other slotted inclines, are moved by means of arms on an
axis connected to the bars by links. The axis for giving motion to the
inclines receives its motion by a screw axis put in motion by handles, by a
guard or other person in the carriage. There are projections or flanches at
parts of the under surfaces of the skids or friction surfaces, in order to retain
them on the rails when they are sliding thereon; or, in place of the skids or
sliding friction surfaces being arranged as above explained, they may be fixed
to the side rails of a frame, carried by and suspended from the axletree boxes
by rods affixed to such boxes, or otherwise, and the frame with the skids or
friction surfaces is raised and lowered by means of inclines on two sliding bars
(one on each side of the frame), which are slided to and fro by pinions on an.
axis taking into racks on the sliding bars, or by other convenient means; the
guard or other person gives motion to the axis by a screw acting in a nut
carried by an arm on the axis, or by other mechanism.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE CLEANING OF KNIVES AND FORKS
Year: 1856

page_text: by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederick Ayckbourn at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 19th January
1856.
I, FREDERICK AYCKBOURN, of 10, Princes Street, Stamford Street, Surrey,
Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE CLEANING OF KNIVES AND FORKS," to be as follows:-
I employ an ordinary lathe frame (Fig. 1 & 2, Sheet 1,) made of wood,
iron, or other suitable material, which supports a spindle on which are placed
one or more sets of cylindrical drums or blocks (Sheet 2), made of wood or
other suitable material, the periphery of each drum being covered with glue,
size, or other suitable cement, on which is then fixed a piece or pieces of buff
or other leather, or other suitable material, so as to entirely encircle the drum;
such of these drums as are intended for cleaning steel knives and forks are
then coated on the outer surface of the leather with thin glue or other
suitable cement, on which, immediately afterwards, fine emery powder or other
suitable powder is sprinkled; a sufficient number of grooves are then cut on
the surface of the drums intended for fork cleaning, whether steel or plated,
to allow the fork to imbed itself; and I employ plate powder or other

page_text: suitable powder, to be sprinkled over the other drums which have not been
coated with emery, as above, in a dry state when in use. Motion is com-
municated to this machine either by the ordinary fly wheel and hand, by
treadle, or by a band from a steam engine.
I claim this mode of cleaning forks as entirely new, and of cleaning knives
as an improvement.
I claim the Invention of the cylindrical block or drum, with the several
preparations above set forth, and either with or without grooves on the
surface, for the purposes above specified.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SOAP FROM THE GREASY MATTERS OBTAINED FROM THE REFUSE, WATER, WASH, OR SUDS USED IN WOOLLEN OR OTHER MANUFACTURES OR PROCESSES
Year: 1856

page_text: received Irovisional Protection, but notice to proceed with the
application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Thomas at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 6th February
1856. A communication.
I, JOSEPH THOMAS, of Finsbury Square, in the County of Middlesex,
Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SOAP FROM THE GREASY MATTERS OBTAINED FROM
THE REFUSE, WATER, WASH, OR SUDS USED IN WOOLLEN OR OTHER MANUFACTURES OR
PROCESSES, to be as follows:-
The improvements in the manufacture of soap from the greasy matters
obtained from wash-waters, communicated to me, consist in treating and
compounding the grease with other matter in the manner following:--
I take the grease in its ordinary form, as obtained from the wash-waters
before mentioned, and place it in a boiler, to which I add resin in the propor-
tion of about twenty parts of resin to one hundred parts of the grease, which
are melted and intimately mixed together. Having so far prepared the
mixture, I then add an alkali, composed of about two parts of soda and one
part of lime, which has been previously mixed and boiled together for two
or three hours, when the alkali is added to the grease and resin. The whole
compound is kept boiling for about four hours, when it may be removed by
ladle, or otherwise transferred to frames or moulds, in which it is moulded and
left to dry, when the manufacture will be complete.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PRESERVATION OF CHEESE
Year: 1856

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Irénée Leys at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 12th September
1856.
I, IRÉNÉE LEYS, of Dunkerque, in the Empire of France, and of No. 4,
South St., Finsbury, London, do hereby declare the nature of my Invention of
"CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PRESERVATION OF CHEESE," to be as follows,
that is to say:-
My Invention consists in an improved method for preserving cheese, by
subjecting it to certain processes herein-after described. The cheeses to be
preserved should be of the best Dutch manufacture. At the end of three
months after they are made each cheese is pierced to the middle by a gouge or
taster, and in the hole thus formed I introduce about a dessert spoonful of the
best rum, after which operation the plug is replaced. The cheeses are then
laid aside for fifteen days to allow the rum to exert its effect; after which they
are tied in a particular manner, which facilitates their suspension and gives
them a new form. The cheeses thus treated are placed in a bath composed of
brine, formed of about seventeen ounces of coarse grey salt and about one
ounce and a half of saltpetre to about three gallons of water, and allowed to
remain immersed during ten minutes, the temperature of the bath being raised
to 100° to 120°. When taken out they are suspended in a drying apparatus

page_text: at a temperature of 15° Reaumur. While thus suspended they throw off all
the whey and brine remaining in the interior. After remaining in the drying
apparatus for a month or two, according as they may have been more or less
drained, they are scraped to cleanse them. They are again suspended in the
said drying apparatus until the working in the interior is completed, at
which state, and when their surfaces are perfectly dry, they are untied and
covered with a coating of boiled linseed oil. In this state the cheeses are
left for about twenty-four hours, after which they are coated with tinfoil,
covered with a preparation of wood charcoal pulverised & boiled linseed oil,
which forms an air-tight covering.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF IRON AND STEEL
Year: 1856

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Kinder Cheetham at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 28th
October 1856.
I, the said JAMES KINDER CHEETHAN, of Rochdale, in the County of
Lancaster, Doctor of Medicine, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF IRON AND STEEL," to be as
follows:-
My Invention consists in oxidizing or partially oxidizing iron by admitting
aqueous vapour or other source of oxygen thereto when in a heated state, but
under the fusing point, that is to say, before the metal becomes fluid; it is then
fused in any ordinary manner. In order to assist the above operation, I
propose granulating or otherwise dividing the metal into small portions.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BOOTS AND SHOES FROM MATERIALS NOT HITHERTO USED FOR THAT PURPOSE
Year: 1856

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Ritchie at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 28th July 1856.
I, GEORGE RITCHIE, of 3, Ponsonby Street, Pimlico, do hereby declare the
nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BOOTS
AND SHOES FROM MATERIALS NOT HITHERTO USED FOR THAT PURPOSE," to be as
follows:-
This Invention consists in making the heels and soles of boots and shoes,
either wholly or in part, of a composition consisting of a hard mineral sub-
stance mixed with gutta percha, india-rubber, or other substance suitable
for cementing the particles of the mineral together. The mineral which it is
preferred to employ is that known as corundum, and it should be ground to a
powder or broken into small pieces and mixed with the gutta percha or other
cement.
THE CONSTRUCTION OF SHIPS & BOATS
Year: 1856

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry William Parnell, at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 25th
September 1856.
I, HENRY WILLIAM PARNELL, of 13, Bryanston Square, London, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "THE CONSTRUCTION OF SHIPS &
BOATS," to be as follows:-
The vessel will be built on two keels, instead of one, which is now the usual
mode. These keels will be placed at some distance from each other, & that
portion of the ship's bottom between the keels will be arched, forming a tunnel,
which will extend the whole length of the vessel. The sides of the vessel will
be constructed as usual. The crown of the arch forming the tunnel thus
running through the centre of the vessel will be pierced for one or more
paddle wheels, to be worked by steam, & it is presumed the speed will be the
greatest ever yet attained; from the peculiar construction of the vessel, &
from the fact that the water in the tunnel under the ship being always smooth,
the paddle wheels will not have the difficulties which paddle wheels & even
screws in ordinary built ships have to contend with.
Another advantage which will be gained by this mode of construction is,
that there will be much less motion.

page_text: This Invention may be applied in the construction of boats of all descrip-
tions, & would be found of great value to fishing boats, life boats, & men-of-
war's boats, which could readily be worked with hand paddle wheels by their
usual crews in all weathers.
It is presumed that the qualities of vessels under canvass, constructed on
111
IMPROVEMENTS IN FURNACES FOR STEAM BOILERS AND OTHER USES
Year: 1856

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Bell Galloway at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 22nd
November 1856.
I, GEORGE BELL GALLOWAY, of 42, Basinghall Street, in the City of London,
late of Chili, in South America, Engineer and Shipowner, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN FURNACES FOR STEAM
BOILERS AND OTHER USES," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in the improvements hercin-after described, applicable
to the furnaces of steam boilers, and to those used in breweries, distilleries,
and in other situations, and for other purposes.
There is an additional fire-place or there are additional fire places in which
it is intended to consume coke or other suitable fuel, and over the fire or fires
the flames from the other fires are caused to pass by a suitable arrangement of
the flues or tubes. An air channel is fixed or formed so as to extend across
the front of the several fire-places or furnaces, which air channel may be
placed just under the fire door. Into this channel air is supplied in any
convenient manner, and there are apertures therein with short pipes or nozzles
communicating with the fire door frames and also the fire bars, which are
hollow and furnished with apertures through which the air can escape in a
lateral direction to or by means of apertures through the bridges. By this
arrangement, the air on being admitted or forced into the said channel,

page_text: will pass into the hollow fire bars and out of them into the spaces between the
bars, which are placed somewhat further apart than usual. The air also in
passing longitudinally out of the fire bars will tend to cool tho bridges. In
this manner the draft in the furnaces will be increased.
I also fix a grate below the fire bars in an inclined direction in order to 5
catch the cinders. I regulate the draft into the fire-places or furnaces by
means of a door affixed to the front of the ash-pit.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF HEALDS OR HEDDLES
Year: 1856

page_text: by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Thompson and Thomas
Curtis at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition,
on the 21st October 1856.
We, HENRY THOMPSON, of Great Harwood, near Blackburn, in the County
of Lancaster, Warper, and THOMAS CURTIS, of Blackburn aforesaid, Warper,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF HEALDS OR HEDDLES," to be as follows:-
Our Invention consists in manufacturing healds or heddles of wire, or thin
plates, or pieces of metal, through which eyes or holes are formed for the
warp threads to pass; those wires or thin plates or pieces of metal are secured
above between two plates, the lower one of which has notches to receive the
hooked end of the wires or thin plates or pieces of metal, the lower ends of
which fit loosely between two plates, or in a groove in a single plate. By this
arrangement the lower ends of the wires or thin plates or pieces of metal are
free to move laterally when drawing in the warps, or for piercing an end, or
for other purposes. The plates for supporting the wires or thin plates or
pieces of metal are connected by end pieces, so as to unite the whole heald
or heddle together.
AN IMPROVED PORTABLE APPARATUS. FOR COPYING LETTERS AND OTHER MANUSCRIPTS
Year: 1856

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Davies at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 29th July 1856.-
A communication.
I, GEORGE DAVIES, of the Office for Patents, No. 1, Serle Street, Lincoln's
Inn, in the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED PORTABLE APPARATUS. FOR COPYING
LETTERS AND OTHER MANUSCRIPTS" (a communication from a foreigner residing
abroad) to be as follows:-
The apparatus consists principally of a small roller, rather longer than an
ordinary sheet of letter paper. To this roller a square piece of india-rubber
cloth, leather cloth, or other suitable fabric, with a smooth yielding surface, is
firmly attached by one of its edges, one side of the said cloth or fabric being
about equal in length to the aforesaid roller. The roller may be made solid,
of wood, but it is preferred to be made hollow and of tin or other suitable
sheet metal, so as to be capable of containing writing materials and paper
therein. This apparatus, when the cloth is wound round the roller, fits into a
small hollow metal case, which may (if preferred) be made large enough in
diameter to contain a few sheets of copying and blotting paper wrapped round
the apparatus. In using the apparatus the cloth is unwound and laid flat on a

page_text: table or desk; a letter or manuscript, written with ordinary copying ink, and
a piece of thin damped paper, are laid thereon; the roller is then pressed
downwards with both hands and rolled firmly over the cloth, so as to wrap the
cloth with the letter and damped paper round it, and upon being rolled back
it unwinds itself, and a correct copy of the writing will be found to have been
transferred to the damp paper.
IMPROVEMENTS IN VALVES FOR REDUCING THE PRESSURE OF STEAM OR OTHER LIQUIDS OR FLUIDS
Year: 1856

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Cowburn at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 13th June
1856.
I, THOMAS COWBURN, of the City of Manchester, Engineer, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN VALVES FOR
REDUCING THE PRESSURE OF STEAM OR OTHER LIQUIDS OR FLUIDS," to be as
follows:-
My Invention consists in the application of two valves upon one spindle,
one being rather larger than the other.
To the valve spindle is connected a rod, to which is attached a weight or
spring, and above the spindle passes through a guide on which rests a spring,
to prevent the valves opening too.wide. The steam or other liquid or fluid,
the pressure of which is to be reduced, is admitted below the larger valve, and
above the smaller one, the said valves opening downwards; the weight or spring
connected to the valve spindle is regulated according to the pressure required,
without the intervention of levers. As long as the pressure in the supply pipe
is greater than that required in the off pipe, the valves are kept partially closed
to reduce the pressure in the off pipe, but when the pressure is equal in both
pipes the weight or spring holds the valves full open.
A piston attached to the valve spindle, and fitting the upper part of the
valve box, may be used instead of the fixed guide above referred to.
AN IMPROVED LEG GUARD
Year: 1856

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Martin at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 5th April
1856.
I, EDWARD MARTIN, of Oxford, Cricket Bat Maker, do hereby declare the
5 nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED LEG GUARD," to be as
follows, and consists in making leg guards (used in the game of cricket)
of open cross-bar work or net work, formed of pads and guards, instead of
making them, as hitherto, of one continuous piece or web.
SEPARATING OR RECOVERING THE VEGETABLE SUBSTANCES FROM MIXED FABRICS, AND RENDERING THE SAME VEGETABLE SUBSTANCES AGAIN AVAILABLE FOR MANUFACTURING PURPOSES
Year: 1856

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alfred Southam, Samuel Stead,
and James Martin at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 1st April 1856.
We, ALFRED SOUTHAM, of the City of Manchester, in the County Palatine
of Lancaster, Agent, SAMUEL STEAD, of Manchester aforesaid, Broker, and
JAMES MARTIN, of Manchester aforesaid, Tent Dealer, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "SEPARATING OR RECOVERING THE VEGETABLE
SUBSTANCES FROM MIXED FABRICS, AND RENDERING THE SAME VEGETABLE SUBSTANCES
AGAIN AVAILABLE FOR MANUFACTURING PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to the recovery of the cotton, flax, linen, or any other
vegetable fibre from any woven fabrics (whether old or new) wherein such
said vegatable fibre may exist in combination with wool, silk, or other animal
fibre.
This Invention consists in destroying all the wool or animal fibre by the uso
or employment of certain suitable chemicals, and subsequently cleansing the
said vegetable fibre and rendering it again fit for manufacturing purposes. The
process by which this destruction of the animal fibre and cleansing of the
vegetable fibre is effected is as follows:-A boiling solution of pearl ash,
American asb, potash, or other suitable chemical is made, and the woven
fabrics are introduced therein, and after sufficient immersion the material
is withdrawn and passed between squeezing rollers, and subsequently washed

page_text: in pure water. The material must then be dried either in the open air
or by means of artificial heat. The vegetable fibre will be then found to be
entirely divested of all traces of the wool or animal fibre, and after having
been passed through a machine for opening the fibres of the same, will then
be in a fit state to be again carded, spun, and woven or employed for other
purposes of manufacture.
IMPROVE- BIENTS IN LUBRICATING STEAM ENGINES
Year: 1856

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Hampson at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 29th October
1856.
I, RICHARD HAMPSON, of Rochdale, in the County of Lancaster, Cotton
Spinner, do hereby declaro the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
BIENTS IN LUBRICATING STEAM ENGINES," to be as follows:-
The nature of my Invention consists in forcing the oil or other lubricating
material required for lubricating the valves and pistons of steam engines into
the boiler, or the pipe that conveys the steam to the steam engine, or into the
valve box. The lubricating material is forced into the boiler or pipe or valvo
box at suitable times by a force pump, actuated by the steam engine or by
manual labour.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CARTRIDGES FOR FIRE-ARMS
Year: 1856

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John James Kerr at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 31st July
1856.
I, JOHN JAMES KERR, of Twickenham, in the County of Middlesex, Lieu-
tenant in the Royal Navy, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CARTRIDGES FOR FIRE-ARMS," to be
as follows:-
I propose to improve, by rendering more durable, safer, and more effective,
cartridges for rifles, muskets, pistols, or fowling-pieces. In forming each,
I use Brand's patent metallic tubing or tube. For a cartridge for rifles,
muskets, or pistols, I propose to enclose all the ingredients necessary for a
charge, thus: the powder resting on the flat or closed end of the tube, then a
disc of prepared material, to prevent contact between powder and ball. The
latter, if conical, will be placed with the base next the powder, and either
encircled with a paper patch of grease, or the grease to be imbedded in a
groove round the ball, the metallic tube is then closed over the ball; or,
I propose to enclose the powder only in metallic tubing, and bringing the
paper wrapper, in which the ball is enclosed, over the tube containing the
powder, secure it with cement or other suitable material, leaving only the flat
end bare. A shot cartridge, for sporting purposes, I propose to prepare by
putting into the metallic tube before mentioned, first, the powder, then a wad,
to be followed by the shot or slugs, or a ball sectionally divided, where desirable;
the shot, slugs, or ball is or are covered with another wad; the metallic

page_text: tubing will be then secured over all, as before mentioned. The cartridge in
this state, if made with shot, might ball on leaving the barrel of the gun, or,
in other words, not spread sufficiently to remedy this inconvenience. I
propose to weaken the tenacity or malleable property of the metal tubing by
applying a solution of nitric or any other acid or chemical I may prefer, to
that portion of the casing of the cartridge, the weakening of which will cause
the shot to spread on discharge of the fowling-piece.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SUGAR-CANE MILLS
Year: 1856

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles John Lewsey at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
12th June 1856.
I, CHARLES JOHN LEWSEY, of Albion Terrace, Commercial Road East, in
the County of Middlesex, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN SUGAR-CANE MILLS," to be as follows:-
The improvements comprised in this Invention have for their object to
apply, in lieu of the large and massive "side frames" or standards of cast iron,
heretofore used (whether with or without wrought-iron tie rods), which in
practice have been found to be defective in strength and tenacity, wrought-iron
standards, composed of numerous plates, so placed and connected together as
to present far greater strength than those heretofore used, at the same time
the strain is more equally distributed. For these purposes numerous plates of
wrought iron are used, and they are at their lower ends fixed to horizontal
plates, which are secured to the base plate of the mill. These plates are
arranged in four sets at each end of the mill. Two of the four sets of plates
at either end are arranged, and may be made parallel to each other, and
they incline in one direction, whilst the other two sets of plates are arranged
to incline in the opposite direction. The plates of two of the sets pass between
the plates forming the other two sets, and being inclined to, they intersect each

page_text: other. The upper ends of the plates of each set are connected together, and
they are keyed so as to press on the sets of plates which they pass between.
By which arrangement or combination of plates, a framing is constructed at
each end of the mill, consisting of several plates of wrought iron arranged in
diagonal lines; and where cane-juice pumps are required, a self-adjusting pump
is applied, whereby a continuous flow of cane juice is maintained without the
use of clacks.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ELECTRIC CLOCKS OR TIME-KEEPERS
Year: 1856

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Raymond Kammerer and Charles
Brewer at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 5th January 1856.
WO, RAYMOND KAMMERER, of Ostend, and CHARLES BREWER, of Chelsea, in
the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for IMPROVEMENTS IN ELECTRIC CLOCKS OR TIME-KEEPERS, to be as follows:-
At the back of the dial plate are secured two pieces of glass, to which are
fixed two ordinary electro-magnets consisting of four reels, upon which are
wound lengths of metal wire covered with silk; in the centre of each of these
reels is placed a bar or core of soft iron; each pair of these cores are connected
at one side by a bar of iron. The electro-magnets are placed opposite cach
other upon the glass plates, the free ends of the iron cores being placed
sufficiently apart to allow the pendulum to oscillate between them, the distance
being regulated by adjusting screws. To the pendulum of the clock is attached
a piece of magnetized metal, which is alternately attracted and repulsed by the
cores of the electro-magnets, when the wires of the reels are connected with a
battery. The pendulum is connected to the escapement, by which the hands of
the clock are put in motion; the rachet wheel of the escapement may be
actuated either by an "anchor," or by two pauls pressing upon the teeth of the
wheel. In order to change the current of electricity from the positive to the
negative pole and vice versa, a small cylinder of ivory is placed upon the arbor

page_text: or axis of the escapement wheel; at each end of the ivory cylinder is fitted a
small disc of brass, having two narrow slips of the same metal projecting from
each. The discs are fitted to the ends of the ivory cylinder, so that the
projecting slips of metal are equi-distant. Two light springs, to which the
wires of the battery are attached, press upon the discs; two other springs
connected with the clock are fitted to press alternately upon the slips of metal
projecting from the discs; as the ivory cylinder rotates with the axle of the
wheel, the contact is alternately made and broken and the current reversed.
The clock may be actuated either by plates of metal buried in the earth, or by
a sustaining galvanic battery.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR GENERATING AND HEATING STEAM
Year: 1856

page_text: ww
the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Abram Longbottom and William
Longmaid at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 28th January 1856.
We, ABRAM LONGBOTTOM, of 41, Moorgate Street, and WILLIAM LONGMAID,
of Victoria Cottage, Stoke Newington, do hereby declare the nature of the
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR GENERATING AND HEATING
STEAM," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in apparatus for generating
and heating steam. For this purpose, series of hot-water apparatus are used;
one series of hot-water pipes to heat the water (in a suitable vessel) which is
to be supplied to the boiler, another series of hot-water pipes for heating the
water in the boiler; and a third series of hot-water pipes for heating the steam
in the boiler and in the steam pipe leading to the steam cylinder or cylinders.
For this purpose the several systems or series of hot-water pipes are con-
structed on the principle of hot-water circulation known as Perkin's, that is, the
tubes or pipes in which the water circulates are closed; and although we prefer
that the several series of hot-water pipes should be all heated by one fire, this is
not essential. The water to supply the boiler is first introduced into a vessel
arranged with a system of hot-water pipes to heat the water, by preference, to
about 212° of Fahrenheit. The water is pumped from this vessel into the steam

page_text: boiler or generator, in which is arranged an extensive series of hot-water pipes,
suitable for converting the water into steam, and in some cases, in addition to
internal heating pipes, the boiler or generator has also heating pipes outside
thereof. The steam generated in the boiler, or generator, both in the boiler
and in the steam pipe leading to the steam cylinder or cylinders, comes in
contact with a series of hot-water pipes, by which its temperature is raised
more and more up to the time of its entering the valve box or boxes of the
steam cylinder or cylinders.
I- PROVEMENTS IN THE MACHINES FOR SPINNING CALLED MULES
Year: 1856

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Caunce at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 25th March
1856.
I, ROBERT CAUNCE, of Bolton-le-Moors, in the County of Lancaster,
Manager, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "I-
PROVEMENTS IN THE MACHINES FOR SPINNING CALLED MULES," to be as follows:-
The nature of my Invention consists in connecting the faller shaft to
the setting-on rod by means of a lever on the faller shaft acting on a finger on
the setting-on rod, whereby the driving strap, for giving the requisite motion
for taking out the carriage, is moved on to the driving pulley when the faller
wire is at the top of the spindles. In mules of the present construction
the driving strap is moved on to the said pulley by a system of levers or other
mechanism, acted upon by the carriage when nearly up, and the faller wire is
raised by the spinner or by the copping motion, consequently the two motions
are independent of each other, and if they are not performed simultaneously
great injury is done to the yarn; but by connecting the two motions, as above
described, or by other suitable mechanism, the injury to the yarn is prevented.
IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM ENGINES
Year: 1856

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Wilkinson at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 16th April
1856.
I, WILLIAM WILKINSON, of Hull, Mechanic, do hereby declare the nature
of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM ENGINES," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in steam engines; for which
purpose two pistons are used in the steam cylinder, which are at a distance
from each other, but connected together. The main shaft passes into the
steam cylinder, and has a crank fixed thereto or formed thereon; a connecting
rod is at one end attached to the crank pin of the crank, and the other end
of the connecting rod is attached by a pin joint near the end of a hollow trunk
formed to one of the pistons. One of the end covers of the steam cylinder
is constructed with a hollow trunk, corresponding with and suitable for
receiving within it the trunk formed to the piston.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR TESTING OR ASCERTAINING THE LUBRICATING QUALITY OF OILS OR OTHER UNCTUOUS SUBSTANCES
Year: 1856

page_text: - application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edwin Travis and Joseph Louis
Casartelli at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 28th June 1856.
We, EDWIN TRAVIS, of Oldham, in the County of Lancaster, Engineer,
and JOSEPH LOUIS CASARTELLI, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster,
Optician, do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention for "CERTAIN
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR TESTING OR ASCERTAINING THE
LUBRICATING QUALITY OF OILS OR OTHER UNCTUOUS SUBSTANCES," to be as
follows:-
Our improvements consist in a certain novel arrangement of mechanism for
testing the lubricating quality of oils, &c., by means of the friction created
between the internal surface of a conically formed cup, and the external
surface of a corresponding cone exactly fitting the shape of the cup (after the
cup and ball"). The cup is fitted upon a vertical shaft, driven
by a pully and band, and having at its lower end a worm gearing into a
worm wheel, which carries motion through an ordinary train of gearing at
spur wheel and pinion, and second worm and wheel. This wheel, being
secured upon the shaft of a vertical cylinder, will cause the cylinder to revolve,
its speed being determined by that of the driven or cup shaft. The cone is
secured at the lower extremity of a vertical rod; or shaft, which is in the same

page_text: perpendicular and upon the same centre as the cup or lower shaft, so that
when the cone is placed in contact with the cup, the upper portion is driven
at the same speed as the lower one, being in contact therewith. This upper
shaft is furnished with a similar train of gearing to the lower one, and which
imparts motion to two bevil wheels, one of which actuates a vertical rod,
upon which is formed a fine-threaded screw. Upon the screw traverses a nut,
carrying a pencil or marker, which touches the vertical cylinder, and marks
upon paper placed thereupon. When it is required to test the lubricating
quality of an oil or other unctuous substance, it is placed in the cup and the
cone replaced therein; motion is then given to the lower shaft, which imparts
it to the upper one (by means of the friction of contact of the internal and
external conical surfaces (or " cup and ball"), which is furnished with a suitably
formed fan to retard or regulate the revolution of the cone, so, that the lower
shaft and its cup will rotate quicker than the upper shaft and its corresponding
cone; and as the lubricating quality of the oil, &c. becomes greater, so will
the upper shaft gearing and pencil move slower, and consequently the line
or mark drawn upon the paper will be nearly horizontal; and as the oil
depreciates in lubricating quality, so will the line be drawn farther from the.
.horizontal, and describe an acute angle or angles upon the paper.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BUFFER, BEARING, AND DRAW SPRINGS FOR RAILWAY AND OTHER CARRIAGES
Year: 1856

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Corbitt and George Shaw
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition,
on the 12th March 1856.
We, WILLIAM CORBITT and GEORGE SHAW, of Masbro' Works, Rotherham,
in the County of York, Engineers and Ironfounders, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for IMPROVEMENTS IN BUFFER, BEARING, AND
DRAW SPRINGS FOR RAILWAY AND OTHER CARRIAGES, to be as follows:-
Our Invention of improvements in buffer, bearing, and draw springs for
railway and other carriages relates to a novel mode of constructing and
arranging the several parts of which these articles are made, whereby a light
and graduated action is obtained; this object is effected by the use of two or
more metallic springs of different strengths or thickness, to be varied
according to the force to be resisted or weight borne. Supposing that metallic
elliptic springs are employed, we place them in a box or case singly, and not
on each other in a succession of plates as in the ordinary springs, and in the
interior of the case are made slides or grooves for the plunger to work in, by
which the bearing is increased in proportion to the action of the buffer or
spring. At or near the centre of the springs, where they touch each other, are
placed india-rubber rings, so that when in action and driven home, the india-

page_text: rubber being in the interior of the springs will prevent them from coming in
contact with each other, and will present" an additional resisting force by its
elasticity, and along with the proper adjustment of the length of plunger, the
extreme weight or pressure is taken off the case and spring, and prevents them
being broken by concussion.