Improvements in or relating to Fire-grates.
Year: 1892

page_text: Date of Application, 1st Mar., 1892
Complete Specification Left, 1st Dec., 1892-Accepted, 28th Jan., 1893
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in or relating to Fire-grates.
I, PHILIPPE MANCHERON of 95 Boulevard Beaumarchais, Paris, in the French
Republic, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
The object of this invention is to provide an improved and economical fire-place
by the peculiar construction of the grate separating two different kinds of fuel
burned at the same time.
The invention is applicable to portable or removable or to fixed stoves as well
as to cooking and other stoves.
Fuel of good quality, say coke, wood, coal, or the like, is placed upon the front
part of the grate, so as to rest against or be supported by an additional or dividing
grate of special construction which forms the wall of a space or chamber, which
may be described as "the burning and heat-reflecting chamber." Into this
chamber situated at the back of the grate combustible material of inferior quality,
such as coal-dust, cinders, tannin, or the like, is placed. When the fuel is lighted
on the front part of the grate, the flames passing between the bars of the dividing
grate, light also the material deposited in the chamber. The flames are at the
same time so deflected forward as to cause the smoke to escape through the
chimney. The bars of the dividing grate are thus on both sides exposed to
the contact of flames, and are in consequence brought to an exceedingly high
temperature; to prevent their being burnt they are made hollow and currents of
air are sent through them. The air enters the bars through a pipe at or near their
lower ends and escapes again through another pipe arranged at the top of the fire-
place. The heat reflector repels the flames, directing them to the front, so that
heat is radiated into the apartment. The fuel burns slowly, because the said
reflector retards the passage of the air so that, the flame remaining longer within
the fire-place, the heat it gives off radiates better.
This reflector also serves instead of a blast arrangement or bellows, for, while it
diminishes the draught in the lower part of the fire-place, it increases it at the
upper part; its action being thus exactly the reverse of that of the well-known
sliding draught-plates or "blowers" which, when down, cuts off the air supply at
the top, while increasing the draught below.
The fuel contained in this heat-reflecting chamber, owing to its pulverulent
condition, prevents a draught of air from passing through its bulk, with the result
that combustion takes place within the chamber and the heat from this additional
source also radiates into the apartment and goes to further elevate the temperature
therein.
The advantage of economy, claimed for this improved arrangement, firstly
results from the fact that, in it, inferior qualities of fuel, mostly of a residual
character, may be burned, such waste material or rubbish being of course very
cheap. Besides the fire in the chamber, owing to the condition of the fuel, lasts a
very long time so that, should the coal-fire in front go out, it can be re-lighted
from the incandescent mass behind, without difficulty. Again, the material burned
in the chamber being itself but a slow conductor of heat, little or no heat is lost
through the chimney.
In another arrangement almost identical with the one just described, a few
slight modifications are made in the construction of the front grate to render it
more suitable for burning wood.
For the kitchen, and especially for roasting, the grate is slightly different from
the one to be used in apartments, it being curved so as to concentrate the heat

page_text: upon a point at which may be mounted say on a spit a joint or other article to be
cooked.
Where it is desired to heat cylindrical vessels the arrangement may be modified
so that the vessel or reservoir will on all sides be surrounded by the fuel spread
out upon the grate which extends beneath the bottom of the vessel. The bars
forming the reflector-space enclose the fuel of good quality, while the space outside
these bars receives the inferior material, which is protected from contact with the
air by a surrounding cylinder.
This arrangement will be found of considerable value for manufacturing purposes,
where cylindrical or other vessels of large size are to be heated.
Dated this 1st day of March 1892.
W. P. THOMPSON & BOULT,
Agents for the Applicant.
!
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in or relating to Fire-grates.
Í, PHILIPPE MANCHERON, of Nevers (Nièvre), in the Republic of France,
Professor of Agriculture, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in
what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement :-
This invention relates to an economic fire-place which is adapted for burning at
the same time two kinds of fuel of different quality separated from each other by
a special grate.
In the accompanying drawing I have shown by way of example how my said
invention may be conveniently and advantageously carried into practice.
Figure 1 shows a front elevation of a movable stove constructed according to my
invention.
Figure 2 represents a cross-section of the same.
Figure 3 shows a plan of Figure 1.
Figures and 5 represent my improved fire-place when applied to or fitted in
the fire places of ordinary dwelling houses.
Figures 6, 7 and 8 represent a front elevation, plan and cross-section respectively
of a kitchen stove.
Figures 9 and 10 show the application of my invention for heating cylindrical
reservoirs and the like.
Fuel of good quality, such as coke, wood, coal and the like is placed in front
upon the grate A and against a grate B which forms the outer wall or portion of
a receptacle C which performs the part of a deflector. In this receptacle C situated
behind the grate A. I place a fuel of inferior quality, such as coal dust, tan-waste,
clinker and the like.
The fuel being lighted in A the fire is communicated through the bars B to the
fuel enclosed in the reservoir C, the flames passing forwards in order to escape
through the flue D to the chimney. The bars forming the grate B are exposed on
both sides to the action of the Hames and consequently they are at a very high
temperature; in order to prevent their being burned these bars are made hollow
and are traversed by a current of air. The air enters at the lower part of the
bars through the tube E and passes out through the tube F at the upper part of
the fireplace.
The deflector causes the flame to pass to the front and projects rays of heat into
the apartment. The fuel burns slowly, as the deflector prevents the too free
passage of the air, and the flame remaining longer in the fire place it radiates more
than if the air passed out more rapidly.
The deflector also performs the part of a blower, it diminishes the draft at the
lower part of the chimney, but it augments it at the upper part, which is the contrary

page_text: o what happens when the blower of a chimney is operated which, preventing the
passage of the air at the upper part, augments the draught at the lower part.
The fuel placed in the receptacle C by reason of its pulverulent nature does not
permit of the draught being established through its mass; from this it follows that
a combustion by roasting takes place in the interior of the receptacle and conse-
quently a radiation into the apartment of this new source of heat which is added
to that of the fire place.
In case the combustible is not of a suffocating nature a cover should be placed
upon the receptacle to prevent the passage of the air.
The deflector which I have described is economical, as it permits of burning low-
priced fuels, and moreover, owing to the quantity of materials in ignition placed
in the receptacle, the fuel placed on the grate A, which may become extinguished,
can be very readily lighted again, as the fire is kept up for a very long time in
the said receptacle C. Moreover, the deflector being charged with fuel which is a
non-conductor of heat prevents the heat being lost on the outside and in the
chimney.
The arrangement of stoves for apartments which is shown in Figures 4 and 5 is
identical with the preceding arrangement excepting the slight modifications in
the grate A for transforming it into an apparatus adapted for burning wood
(Figure 5).
For kitchen fire-places and fire-places for roasting purposes I use the arrange-
ment represented in Figures 6, 7 and 8. The grate has a slightly different form
from that adopted for fire-places for apartments, it presents a double curvature as
shown at m n Figure 7 and p q Figures 6 and 8 in order to concentrate the rays of
heat on to the substance to be roasted, as shown at R.
In case cylindrical reservoirs are to be exposed to the flames, the fire-place is
modified. In this case I may employ the arrangements shown in Figures 9 and 10.
The reservoir is placed at M and is surrounded completely by the fuel which is
arranged at s and which rests upon a lower grate g. The barst surround the fuel
on the grate g and separate it from the reservoir u which contains the inferior fuel,
enclosed in a cylinder f. This arrangement may be adopted in any industry where
large cylindrical reservoirs or reservoirs of any other forin are to be exposed to the
action of the flames.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
First. The improved fire-place specially characterized by the combination with
a fire grate for any kind of fuel, of a deflector containing a fuel of inferior quality
separated from the principal fire place by a grate of special form.
Second. A deflector having solid or hollow bars, filled with fuel enclosed at the
rear by any suitable partition and formed in front by a grate having solid bars
or hollow bars traversed by an air current; the upper part of the said deflector
being wider than the lower part so as to augment the draught at the upper part
while augmenting the heating power of the fireplace to which it is adapted.
Third. A grate which separates the deflector of the fire-place proper, the said
grate with solid or hollow bars being made of any appropriate form according to
the object of the fire-place.
HASELTINE, LAKE & Co.,
45, Southampton Buildings, London, W.C., Agents for the Applicant.