IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF - LUBRICANTS.
Year: 1860

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Christian Schiele, of Bebbington, in the County of
Cheshire, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF
-
LUBRICANTS. A communication from abroad by Ferdinand Wendelin
Kleist, of Berlin, in Prussia.
Sealed the 23rd November 1860, and dated the 29th May 1860.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Christian Schiele at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 29th
May 1860.
I, CHRISTIAN SCHIELE, of Bebbington, in the County of Cheshire, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANU-
FACTURE OF LUBRICANTS," being a communication to me from abroad by Ferdinand
Wendelin Kleist, of Berlin, in Prussia, to be as follows:-
My improvements in the manufacture of lubricants are intended to afford
a large amount of cohesion to the same, and for this purpose I take in certain
proportions caoutchoac of the best quality (procured from syphonia elastica,
usually sold in sheets,) and fatty paraffine oil, or other oils procured from
coals may be used. The caoutchouc is to be cut up in minute pieces, and
should be tried in a stove, or by the sun, until all the white specs have
disappeared from its surface. It is then in a fit state to be placed in a
boiler into which the oil has been previously put. The boiler is subjected to a

page_text: comparatively low heat, and the contents well stirred at first, and afterwards
at intervals, during the whole of this the first part of the operation, which is
completed when the small pieces of caoutchouc (now greatly swollen) can be
easily crushed between the fingers. The jelly-like dissolution now formed
after being allowed to partially cool, is transferred to a half spherical recep-
tacle having a finely perforated bottom. In this receptacal it is well rubbed
with a kind of round pestle until the contents (with the exception of a few
insoluble pieces) have passed through. The previous heating must now be
resumed, and continued until the material forms a perfectly clear and trans-
parent solution free from solid particles, and which will dissolve in olive oil in
any required proportion. The above solution is to be mixed with oils in
suitable proportions for lubricating purposes. A lubricant suitable for quick
speeded machinery is composed of one part of solution to 1, 2, 3, or 4 parts of
paraffine oil; this compound I call Belmonty oil; it does not attack metals or
oxydes of metals, and will dissolve old and stiffened or hardened oil.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Christian Schiele in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
29th November 1860.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, CHRISTIAN
SCHIELE, of Bebbington, in the County of Cheshire, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-ninth day of May, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty, in the twenty-third year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said Christian Schiele, Her special licence that I, the said Christian
Schiele, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the
said Christian Schiele, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at
any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times
thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF LUBRICANTS," being a communication
to me from abroad by Ferdinand Wendelin Kleist; of Berlin, in Prussia, upon
the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Christian Schiele, my executors
or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one
of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the

page_text: nature of the said invention, and in what manner the same was to ve
performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office
within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the
said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Christian Schicle, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention, and in what nanner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement (that is to say):-
The said Invention relates to the manufacture of lubricants, and is intended
to give body and any required degree of cohesion to the same, and render
them suitable for lubricating machinery of almost every description. For
this purpose I take, in certain proportions, caoutchouc, by preference of the
best quality (procured from syphonia elastica, usually sold in sheets), and
fatty paraffine oil, or other oils procured from coals may be used. The
caoutchouc is to be cut up in minute pieces, and should be dried in a stove
or by the sun until all the white specks have disappeared from its surface; it
is then in a fit state to be placed in a receptacle, into which the oil for dis-
solving the same has been previously put. The said receptacle is next
subjected to a comparatively low heat, and the contents well stirred up at
first, and afterwards at intervals during the whole of this the first part of the
operation, which will be completed when the small pieces of caoutchouc (now
greatly swollen) can be easily crushed between the fingers. The jelly-like
dissolution now formed is transferred to a half-spherical receptacle, which is
finely perforated, and in which it is well rubbed by means of a kind of round
pestle until the contents, with the exception of a few insoluble particles, have
passed through. The previous heating to a low temperature must now be
resumed, and continued until the material forms a perfectly clear solution free
from solid particles, and which will dissolve in olive oil in any required pro-
portion by merely shaking it. The solution thus formed is to be mixed with
oils or other fatty substances in suitable proportions for lubricating purposes.
The new agent, paraffine oil, is best suited for the purpose of dissolving when
of the most fatty description, and of from 0-852 to 0.895 specific gravity,
taking from 15 to 18 parts in weight of it to 1 part in weight of caoutchouc.
In order to preserve the elastic properties of the caoutchouc throughout the
dissolving process, the room in which it takes place must never be heated to
a higher temperature than 122° Fahrenheit; or the process may be conducted
in the cold, but a longer time will be required to complete it.
When quite
dissolved, I sometimes strain or sieve the solution through a fine brass sieve,
having previously mixed it with some olive or other fatty oil, and let it stand

page_text: in a warm place for clearing. Solution by boiling has been attempted, but is
found to burn most of the caoutchouc.
The proportions in which the above solution should be mixed with other
oils and fatty substances depends upon their nature, as having greater or less
body, upon the description of machinery it is required to lubricate, and upon
temperature. Sometimes 1 part solution to 600 parts oil is sufficient, and
sometimes 1 part solution to 1 part oil is required. Machinery that is light
and quick speeded require lubricants with the least proportion of the solution
added, but heavy and slow machinery require the solution added to their
lubricants in a larger proportion. The intermixture of the solution with the
oil should be intimately done by means of suitable machinery, or by adding
the solution by degrees to the oil under continual rubbing with a pestle in
a suitable receptacle, or by merely shaking, according to circumstances.
Lubricants manufactured according to this Invention possess cohesive pro-
perties so great, in most cases, that their particles draw fine threads when
separated or taken asunder.
When paraffine oil, as described, is thus treated, the resulting lubricant
does not attack or corrode metals, will dissolve old and hardened oil, and is
very suitable for quick running and light machinery. By their use friction
will be lessened to such a degree sometimes, that even after a stoppage of
machinery for a considerable time the adhering lubricant remains in a good
condition for the starting of the same. The said lubricants can be applied to
the bearings of machinery by direct oiling, or by means of most of the mecha-
nical methods in use, attention being given to the reduced quantities required,
and also to their cohesive properties.
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of the said
Invention, and the manner of carrying the same into practical effect, I would
observe, in conclusion, that I do not confine or restrict myself to the precise
details or arrangements which I have had occasion to describe or to refer to.
as variations may be made therefrom without deviating from the principles
or main features of the said Invention; but what I consider to be novel and
original, and therefore claim as the Invention secured to me by the herein-
before in part recited Letters Patent, is,
First, the dissolving of caoutchouc at a lower degree of temperature than
has hitherto been used, for the purpose of producing a solution capable of
improving the lubricating qualities of oils or other fatty substances with which
it is mixed, as herein-before described.
Second, the use of paraffine or other oils obtained from coal, for the
herein-before described.
purpose

page_text: Third, the preparing of lubricants composed of the said solution, mixed in
certain proportions with oils or fatty substances, for the purpose of lubricating
machinery, as herein-before described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Christian Schiele, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Twenty-sixth day of November, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty.
Witness,
MAXWELL SCOTT,
Tranmere Foundry.
Birkenhead,
CHRISTIAN SCHIELE. (L.S.)