CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR PICKING OR OPENING COTTON AND OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS, AND ALL KINDS OF WASTE RAGS AND OLD MATERIALS, TO PREPARE THE SAME FOR THE OPERATION OF CARDING, OR FOR OTHER OPERATIONS
Year: 1854

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Auguste Edouard Loradoux Bellford, of 16, Castle
Street, Holborn (City), London, and now of 29, Boulevart St. Martin,
Paris, Patent Agent, for the Invention of "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY FOR PICKING OR OPENING COTTON AND OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS,
AND ALL KINDS OF WASTE RAGS AND OLD MATERIALS, TO PREPARE THE SAME FOR
THE OPERATION OF CARDING, OR FOR OTHER OPERATIONS."-A communication.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Auguste Edouard Loradoux
Bellford at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 23rd June 1854.
I, AUGUSTE EDOUARD LORADOUX BELLFORD, of 16, Castle Street, Holborn
(City), London, but at present of 29, Boulevart St. Martin, Paris, Patent
Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "CERTAIN
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR PICKING OR OPENING COTTON & OTHER FIBROUS
MATERIALS, & ALL KINDS OF WASTE RAGS & OLD MATERIALS, TO PREPARE THE SAME
FOR THE OPERATION OF CARDING, OR FOR OTHER OPERATIONS," to be as follows:
The construction of the main cylinders for blowing from the material all the
impurities set free by the operation of picking, and a mode of securing picking
teeth in the picking cylinders. The main cylinders are made hollow, with
open ends, & the interior of each is furnished with a number of wings, which
extend from end to end of the interior of the cylinder & from the inner sur-
face thereof any distance towards the axis, & are secured to the arms of the
open cylinder heads, which connect the cylinder with its shaft. The cylinders
are made rather shorter than the interior width of the framing and casing, &

page_text: the wings are extended beyond the ends of the cylinder, and out as far as the
outer periphery. The hollow shells of the main cylinders are perforated at
intervals. The feed roller is enclosed in the casing of the machine, & is
placed above a perforated concave of metal. A second cylinder, having finer
teeth, performs a seperation more perfect than the first. In securing the teeth,
the shank of each is tapered & driven into a hole in the shell. At the
back of the tooth is a shoulder on the shank, which is intended, when the
shank is driven in tight, to bo flush with the surface of the cylinder. The
teeth are arranged in rows on the cylinder or other foundation, and a strip of
metal, having a number of notches in one edge of sufficient width to receive
the teeth, is secured to the cylinder or foundation in such a way that the backs
of the notches fit close up to the backs of the teeth, & the parts of the strip at
the back of the notches rest on the shoulders of the teeth.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed by
the said Auguste Edouard Loradoux Bellford in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 12th December 1854.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, AUGUSTE
EDOUARD LORADOUX BELLFORD, of 16, Castle Street, Ifolborn (City), London,
and now of 29, Boulevart St. Martin, Paris, Patent Agent, send greeting.
WHEREAS IIer most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-third day of June, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-four, in the eighteenth year of
Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto
me, the said Auguste Edouard Loradoux Bellford, Her special licence that
I, the said Anguste Edouard Loradoux Bellford, my executors, administra-
tors, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Auguste Edouard Loradoux
Bellford, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during
the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise,
and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention of CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS
IN MACHINERY FOR PICKING 02 OPENING COTTON AND OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS,
AND ALL KINDS OF WASTE RAG3 AND OLD MATERIALS, TO PREPARE THE SAME FOR
THE OPERATION OF CARDING, CR FOR OTHER OPERATIONS," a communication," upon
the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Auguste Edouard Loradoux
Bellford, by an instrument in writing under my hand and seal, should parti-
cularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what

page_text: manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the
Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately
after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Auguste Edouard Loradoux Bellford,,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement, that is to say:-
This Invention relates, firstly, to a certain method of constructing the main
cylinders for the purpose of blowing from the material during the picking
operation all the impurities, whether sand and such heavy particles, or dust and
lighter particles, which are set free by the said operation; secondly, to a new
mode of securing picking teeth in the picking cylinders.
The accompanying Drawings illustrate my Invention.
Fig. 1 is a plan or top view of a double cylinder picking machine con-
structed according to my Invention. In this view the whole of the top of the,
casing of the machine is removed to show the working parts; Fig. 2 is a
longitudinal vertical section of the same; Fig. 3 is a front view, showing the
manner of securing the teeth in the first cylinder of the machino represented;,
Fig. 4 is a section of the same. Similar letters of reference indicate corre-
sponding parts in the several Figs:
The arrangement of the cylinders in the machine represented is not mate-
rially different to that in other, doublo cylinder picking machines. The
material to be picked is introduced by the fluted feed rolls a, a, to the first
main cylinder A, which has larger and coarser teeth than the second main
cylinder A¹. The cylinder A is encased by a casing B, which has the usual
grating C at the bottom; for the,heavier impurities to fall through, and has a
spout D at the back, at whose mouth is placed, the feed roll R, which feeds
the second main cylinder A', which is encased in a casing B', having a grating
C', terminating in a spout D', in which is placed an endless apron G, which
serves to keep the mouth clear, and prevent its choking.. The main cylinders
A, A', are made hollow, with open ends, and the interior of each is furnished
with a number of wings b, b, which extend from end to end of the interior of
the cylinder and from the inner surface thereof any distance towards the
axis, in the same manner and form as the wings. of a fan blower, and are
secured to the arms c, c, of the open cylinder heads, which connect the cylinder
with its shaft E. The cylinders are made rather shorter than the interior
width of, the framing and casing, see Fig. 1, and the wings are extended
beyond the ends of the cylinder, and out as far as the outer periphery, so as to
make protruding strips f,f, which remove any dust or other impurities or waste

page_text: that might otherwise clog up the space between the ends of the cylinder and
the casing. The hollow shells of the main cylinder are both perforated all over
at intervals that may vary from balf an inch to an inch and a half apart, more
or less. The perforations d, d, may be from one eighth of an inch to one
quarter or three-eighths of an inch in diameter, more or less, the most conve-
nient form being circular. 'I prefer to make the shell of the cylinder of wood,
for the sake of lightness and cheapness, and the perforations should be lined
with metal tubes t, t, which extend also through the card clothing; when the
teeth are attached to clothing, these tubes make clean passages without any
obstructions. The direction of the passages should be as nearly as possible
parallel with that of the picking teeth; then the currents of air, which are
caused by the revolution of the cylinders to flow through them, as herein-after
described, will tend to loosen and blow the material from the teeth.
By the revolution of the cylinders and fans b, b, a strong current of air is
drawn into the cylinder through openings e, e, in the sides of the casing, and
expelled through the passages d, d, passing through the fibres as the latter are
separated by the teeth, and producing further separation and loosening, driving
out all impurities, which are liberated through the gratings. The fibrous
material on the teeth will be gradually loosened from them by the currents of
air through the openings d, d, as it is carried from the feed rolls towards the
open parts or spouts of the cylinder casings, and when it arrives opposite the
spouts, where a comparatively strong blast is induced, will be driven from
the teeth and pass into the spout.
The feed roll R may be solid or hollow, and is covered with card clothing;
it is enclosed within the casing of the machine, and being in the mouth of the
first spout D, serves to give the material which is driven up the spout to the
second cylinder. The casing fits as closely as possible to the top of the roll, to
prevent any of the material being carried over it by the blast in the spout, and
the roller revolves in such a direction as to carry the material under it. The
feed roll R is placed above a perforated concave K, which extends some dis-
tance up in front of it, extending also entirely across the machine; this
concave consists of perforated metal, or may consist of a screen of wire, if made
of sufficient strength. Its position is such as to produce the blast to come
under the roll, and thus cause the material to be properly presented to be
carried under. The second cylinder A¹, which is covered with card clothing,
having finer teeth, performs a separation moro perfect than the first, and the
impurities set free and blown out by the operation of this cylinder mostly
escape through the grating C'; but some may be carried through the spout D',
where the strong current of air will continue and finish their expulsion.

page_text: My improvement in the mode of securing the teeth exhibited in the
cylinder A, but is shown on an enlarged scale in Figs. 3 and 4. The shank g
of each tooth H is tapered, and driven into a suitable hole made in the shell
F. At the back of the tooth there is a shoulder h, on the shank, which is
intended, when the shank is driven tight, to be flush with the surface of the
cylinder. The teeth are arranged in rows on the cylinder or other foundation,
and a strip I, of metal, or other suitable material, having a number of
notches i, in one edge, of sufficient width to receive the teeth, is secured to the
cylinder or foundation in such a way that the backs of the notches fit close up
to the backs of the teeth and the parts of the strip at the back of the notches
rest on the shoulders h of the teeth. The strip thus serves to hold the teeth
secure against either turning or drawing out, and hence one of the greatest
difficulties attendant upon the use of teeth of hooked form in picking heavy
materials is overcome. In this cylinder the perforations may be most con-
veniently arranged in the same lines with the teeth, one in every space between
the teeth, as shown in Fig. 1.
CLAIM.
I do not claim to have invented the employment of currents of air forced
from the interior through the shell of the main cylinders; but I claim,―
Firstly, constructing the main cylinder or cylinders of machinery for picking
and opening cotton or other fibrous materials, waste rags and old material,
with perforations d, d, in their shells, through which currents of air are
driven by fans or wings within the cylinder, substantially as herein described.
And, secondly, I claim the method of securing the teeth H in the cylinders
by means of notched strips I, and shoulders h on the teeth, as represented
on the cylinder A of the Drawing, and in Figs. 3 and 4, and herein fully
described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Auguste Edouard Loradoux Bellford,
A. E. LORADOUX BELLFORD. (L.B.)