Treatment of Sewage, in order to effect the Separation or Removal by Precipitation or otherwise of the Matter in Suspension and Solution in the Water thereof, and in the Clarification and Purification and Deodorization and Decolora- tion by Precipitation or otherwise of other Polluted Water and Certain other Liquids.
Year: 1886

page_text: Date of Application, 28th Oct, 1886.
Complete Left, 18th Feb., 1887.
Complete Accepted, 18th Mar., 1887.
Treatment of Sewage, in order to effect the Separation or
Removal by Precipitation or otherwise of the Matter in
Suspension and Solution in the Water thereof, and in the
Clarification and Purification and Deodorization and Decolora-
tion by Precipitation or otherwise of other Polluted Water
and Certain other Liquids.
I FRANK CANDY of High Street House Bexley in the County of Kent Manu-
facturer do hereby declare the nature of this Invention to be as follows:-
My invention consists of the improvements hereinafter described in the manufacture
of materials for use in the treatment of sewage in order to the separation or removal
by precipitation or otherwise of the matters in suspension and solution in the water
thereof and in the clarification and purification and deodorization and decoloration by
precipitation or otherwise of other polluted water and certain other liquids containing
matters in suspension and solution which are required to be removed therefrom by
"fining."
In manufacturing the said materials according to my invention I take argillaceous
ironstone or iron ore or a mixture of ironstone or iron ore and carbonaceous matter or
a mixture of ironstone or iron ore and clay such as the black and liver coloured clay
found in the neighbourhood of Wareham and Poole and Bournemouth or other clay
or aluminous or argillaceous stone or shale or other aluminous or argillaceous mineral
either with or without carbonaceous matter or I take any other matter or matters or
mixture of matters in which metallic iron in a fine state of division and alumina and
carbon are present in appreciable quantities and I treat the said matter or matters or
mixtures of matters either in the natural state or after calcination or after carboniza-
tion as hereinafter described. I reduce the said matter or inatters or mixtures to a
fine state of division and add thereto sulphuric acid or other acid the action of which

page_text: on the iron and alumina in the said matters or mixtures or matters produces therein
soluble salts of iron and alumina. When the acid added to the said matters or
mixtures of matters has combined with the iron and alumina therein the manufacture
is completed and the resulting product is ready for use for the purposes hereinbefore
referred to and may be used for the said purposes either alone or in conjunction with
other materials in the same manner as the materials ordinarily used for the same
purposes namely as a precipitant or a filtrant or an absorbent or an occluder.
In some cases I dry the said product before using it for the said purposes and in
some cases I also either carbonize or calcine the said product before so using it.
W. T. WHITEMAN,
Agent for the Applicant.

page_text: 11
C Тапитаcture OI Materials for Use in the
Treatment of Sewage, in order to effect the Separation or
Removal by Precipitation or otherwise of the Matters in
Suspension and Solution in the Water thereof, and in the
Clarification and Purification and Deodorization and Decolora-
tion by Precipitation or otherwise of other Polluted Water
and Certain other Liquids.
I FRANK CANDY of High Street House Bexley in the County of Kent Manu-
facturer do hereby declare the nature of this Invention and in what manner the same
is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement :-
My invention consists of the improvements hereinafter described in the manufacture
of materials for use in the treatinent of sewage in order to effect the separation or
removal by precipitation or otherwise of the matters in suspension and solution in the
water thereof and in the clarification and purification and deodorization and decolora-
tion by precipitation or otherwise of other polluted water and certain other liquids
containing matters in suspension and solution which are required to be removed
therefrom by "fining."
In manufacturing the said materials according to my invention I take any kind of
argillaceous ironstone in which alumina and both lime and magnesia or in which
alumina and either lime or magnesia are present or I take a mixture of such ironstone
and carbonaceous matter or I take a mixture of carbonaceous matter and any kind of
iron ore containing either lime or magnesia or both and I carbonize the ironstone or
either of the said mixtures and reduce the resulting product to powder and add
thereto sulphuric acid or hydrochloric acid the action of which on the iron and
alumina and other bases present in the ironstone or mixture produces therein the
highly valuable soluble salts essential in a precipitant.
In order to carbonize the ironstone or mixture I place it in retorts and expose them
to as high a degree of heat as the ironstone or the mixture will bear without vitrifying.
A bright red or nearly white heat may generally be safely used but all kinds of
ironstone or iron ore will not bear the same degree of heat without vitrifying. The
heating must be continued until the gases cease to escape from the vents of the
retorts when the stop cocks of the vents must be closed and the charge allowed to
cool or the charge may be drawn and quenched in water as soon as the escape of gases
from the vents ceases.
In order to ensure contact of the acid with the whole of the carbonized matter to be
treated and to supply water of crystallization I add water to the acid or to the mixture
of acid and carbonized matter but I avoid using more water than is sufficient for
these purposes in order that there may be no superfluous moisture in the resulting

page_text: product which when an excess of water is not added is in the form of a powder or
cake sufficiently dry for convenient transport or storage.
The quantity of acid required varies according to the proportion of soluble matter
present in the matter to be treated and the quantity used should not be more than is
sufficient to combine with the whole or the greater part of the bases present. I have
found about seventy five per cent by weight of sulphuric acid of the ordinary
commercial strength or its equivalent of hydrochloric acid sufficient for the treatment
of those kinds of argillaceous ironstone known as the "Brass vein" or the "Peacock
vein." The time necessary for the action of the acid varies somewhat according to
the sample of matter under treatment. The termination of the process may be known
by observing when the mixture has cooled down to the temperature of the atmosphere
when it will have assumed the appearance of a cake or semi dry mass.
The product obtained as herein before described which I term "magnetic
precipitant" may be used for the purposes herein before stated either alone or in
conjunction with other materials. This magnetic precipitant in conséquence of the
presence therein of neutral salts of lime and magnesia will react upon sewage without
the use of lime or any other matter and without the production of alkalinity.
In using the said product I prefer to add it to the fluid to be treated after mixing
with a sufficient quantity of water or of the fluid to be treated or of fluid already
treated to cause it to flow freely.
The quantity of the magnetic precipitant required to purify sewage or other foul
liquids varies according to the nature and quality and condition of the fluid to be
treated. In treating ordinary domestic sewage I have found about eight grains of the
dry "magnetic precipitant" per gallon of sewage sufficient to produce precipitation.
In treating sewage largely mixed with the waste liquors from manufactories or
breweries a larger proportion of the "magnetic precipitant" may be required. The
exact proportion cannot however be determined except by actual treatment of a sample
of the particular fluid to be purified.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I claim is
First The manufacture of the precipitant above referred to by treating carbonized
argillaceous ironstone or carbonized iron ore with sulphuric or hydrochloric acid
substantially as herein before described.
Secondly The use for the precipitation of sewage and other matters of the
product or precipitant obtained by treating the materials herein specified in the
imanner hereinbefore described.
W. T. WHITEMAN,
Agent for the Applicant.