Year: 1886

page_text: 1 RICHARD RICHARDSON HUTCHINSON practical and consulting Engineer of
57 & 57A Outer Temple Strand W.C. and the London Economic Motor and Gas
Engine Company do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:
My Invention relates to a novel and improved design and construction of that class
of motor engines worked by conbustible gases or petroleum vapour or spray.
This Invention also comprises certain novel combinations and arrangements of
parts and the said Invention is designed to provide a motor which will be simple and
cheap in construction and operation "The Swan Motor" in which the air is drawn
through the nostrils and mouth. The Cylinder or Cylinders are cast or fixed in the
body the Crank Shaft is carried by bearings in the wings the gas admitted at the
feet or bottom and the exhaust ejected at the tail.
In constructing my motor according to my invention which is intended for
domestic purposes such as driving sewing machines or other light machines or
machinery the construction and design is that of a Swan and for the purpose
of purifying the atmosphere of the room or chamber in which it is placed
and also for forming a charge of combustible moisture such charge consisting of
air mixed with either gas or petroleum in the form of either vapour or spray the
air is drawn through the nostrils and mouth of the Swan down the neck to the motor
where it is commingled with a fresh supply of air and gas or petroleum vapour or
spray which is drawn in or forced by a pump through a valve and mixing chamber

page_text: (preferably an automatic plate valve) or any other suitable arrangement into the
working Cylinder. The ports being then closed by suitable valves the mixture is
exploded under compression within the working cylinder by a heated tube electric
spark or other means.
When I use an electric spark or heated tube for igniting the mixture a small
automatic valve regulated by a spring or other device is forced back at the extreme
point of compression within the working cylinder and uncovers a port in which
is always a constant electric spark playing or in connection with the heated tube
which explodes the mixture within the working Cylinder or I may use any other
device for opening the firing port to the electric spark or heated tube. This system
assures extreme rapidity of ignition and consequent greater speed thereby attained
and less loss of heat takes place resulting in a decreased consumption of Gas.
The cylinder or cylinders or pumps are cast or fixed in the body of the Swan
shaped motor and are either single or double acting that is to say the explosion of the
charge takes place every other revolution or every revolution of the crank shaft and
are of the type known as compression motors or they can be worked with gas and
air mixture at a low or atmospheric pressure.
To cheapen the construction I sometimes cast the Swan shaped motor and cylinder
or cylinders and pump in one casting or piece. In one arrangement I use a pump
for the purpose of drawing in a charge of combustible mixture (which combustible
mixture in all cases consists of air mixed with either gas or petroleum in the form of
vapour or spray) and forcing it into the working cylinder through suitable valves
there to be compressed and ignited at the point of compression most advantageous to
the working of the motor at each revolution of the crank shaft.
In another arrangement I dispense with the force pump and draw the charge into
the working cylinder or cylinders through suitable valves and the mixture is
compressed therein.
I do not confine myself to any cycle of operation in this instance as it can be
varied.
In an arrangement wherein the charge is drawn into the working cylinder by the
suction of the working piston and ignited at atmospheric pressure within the
working cylinder at each revolution of the crank shaft it is to be observed that all
the valves are self-acting, and any suitable lighting device can be used. When
working with petroleum the gas passages must be modified so as to be suitable to
the use of petroleum vapour or spray, instead of gas.
In casting or fixing the cylinder or cylinders in the body of the swan shaped
motor I sometimes provide a water space for cooling the cylinders or ribs cast inside
the body radiating from cylinder to side of swan.
The crank shaft of the motor is carried in bearings fixed in the wings of the swan
shaped motor, on which is fixed the Fly wheel, driving pulley or other appliances.
And in order to reduce the friction and make the motor as light running as possible,
I sometimes fit the various bearings with friction rolls.
The gas supply is conducted through the feet or bottom of the swan shaped motor
to a mixing chamber or through a valve to the pump or working cylinder.
The exhaust is ejected from the working cylinder the port being opened by the
piston or any convenient means and conducted through the tail of the swan to a
condenser or the atmosphere, or any convenient place.
The gas is supplied to the motor from an ordinary gas bag; the gas on leaving the
bag enters a valve box, or mixing chamber in which a plate or other valve is seated.
This valve may be so arranged that a small quantity of combustible mixture is
allowed to pass sufficient to keep the motor in movement when unloaded.
When the work is thrown upon the motor this valve is operated by any convenient
mechanism or by means of levers in combination with a friction clutch or clutches
and valves which can be worked by a treadle or other device, stops and starts the
machine and keeps the motor running at a constant speed.
I sometimes adopt the following method a friction clutch or locking device is fixed

page_text: upon the machine to be driven, or it may be fixed upon the motor itself at any
convenient part thereof, the said clutch having sufficient grip to operate the machine,
and it can be varied in its grip according to the power required.
This clutch has cast upon it a small Fly wheel, and the operator can by placing
the hand upon the wheel cause the friction clutch to slip, and the machine is stopped
while the motor continues to run at a constant speed.
The above device can by means of levers and treadle be operated by the foot, and
the valves can be worked by the same device and at the same time.
The governor can in combination with the clutch and levers operate the supply
valve and so keep the motor running at a constant speed.
Dated this Twenty second day of September 1886.
Petroleum Vapour or Spray.
I, RICHARD RICHARDSON HUTCHINSON 30 Wolsey Road Mildmay Park London N.
Consulting and practical Mechanical Engineer do hereby declare the nature of this
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
My Invention relates to a novel and improved design and construction of that class
of Motor Engines worked by combustible gases or petroleum vapour or spray.
This invention also comprises certain novel combinations and arrangements of parts,
and the said Invention is designed to provide a motor, which will be simple and cheap
in construction and operation. "The Swan Motor" in which the air is drawn
through the nostrils and mouth. The crank is carried by bearings in the wings, the
cylinder or cylinders are cast or fixed in the body. The exhaust is ejected at the tail,
and the gas admitted at the feet or bottom.
In constructing my motor according to my invention which is intended for
domestic purposes such as driving sewing machines and other light machines or
machinery. The construction and design is that of a Swan and for the purpose of
purifying the air and also for forming a charge of combustible mixture, such charge
consisting of air mixed with either Gas or Petroleum in the form of vapour or spray.
The air is drawn through the nostrils and mouth of the Swan down the neck to the
motor, where it is co-mingled with a fresh supply of air or air and gas or petroleum

page_text: which is drawn in or forced by a pump through a valve and mixing chamber, pre-
ferably an automatic plate valve or any other suitable arrangement into working
cylinder, the ports being closed by suitable valves, the mixture is exploded under
compression within the working cylinder by a heated tube, Electric Spark or other
means.
When I use an Electric Spark or heated tube for igniting the mixture a small
automatic valve regulated by a spring or other device is forced back at the extreme
point of compression within the working cylinder and uncovers a port in which is
always a constant Electric Spark playing or in connection with the heated tube
which explodes the mixture within the working cylinder, or I may use any other
device for opening the firing port to the Electric Spark or heated tube. This system
assures extreme rapidity of ignition and consequent greater speed attained, less loss of
heat takes place resulting in a decreased consumption of gas. The cylinder or
cylinders or pumps are cast or fixed in the body of the Swan Shaped Motor, and are
either single or double acting, that is to say the explosion of the charge takes place
every other revolution or every revolution of the crank shaft and are of the type
known as compression motors, or they can be worked with gas and air mixture at a
low or atmospheric pressure.
To cheapen the construction I cast the Swan Shaped Motor and cylinder or
cylinders and pump in one casting or piece. In one arrangement I use a pump for
the purpose of drawing or forcing in a charge of combustible mixture, in all cases the
combustible charge consists of air mixed with either gas or petroleum in the form of
vapour or spray and forcing it into the working cylinder through suitable valves
there to be compressed and ignited at the point of compression most advantageous to
the working of the Motor at each revolution of the crank shaft. In another arrange-
ment I dispense with the force pump and draw the charge into the working cylinder
or cylinders through suitable valves and the mixture is compressed therein, I do not
confine myself to any cycle of operation in this instant as it can be varied, in an
arrangement wherein the charge is drawn into the working cylinder by the suction of
the working piston and ignited at atmospheric pressure within the working cylinder,
it is to be observed that all the valves are self acting at each revolution of the crank
shaft and any suitable lighting device can be used. When working with Petroleum
the gas passages must be modified in proportion to the heating power thereof. In
casting the cylinder or cylinders in the body of the Swan I sometimes provide a
Water space for cooling the cylinders or Ribs cast inside the body radiating from a
Cylinder to side of Swan. The crank shaft of the Motor is carried by bearings fixed
in the wings of the Swan, on which is fixed the Fly Wheel, driving pulley or other
appliances, and in order to reduce the Friction and make the Motor as light running
as possible I sometimes fit the various bearings with Friction Rolls.
The
gas supply is conducted through the feet or bottom of the Swan Motor to a
mixing chamber or through a valve to the pump or working cylinder.
The exhaust is ejected from the working cylinder, the port being opened by the
piston or any convenient means and conducted through the tail of the Swan to a
condenser, or the atmosphere or any convenient place. The gas is supplied to the
motor from an ordinary gas bg, the gas on leaving the bag enters a valve Box or
mixing Chamber in which a plate or other valve is seated, this valve may be so
arranged that a small quantity of combustible mixture is allowed to pass sufficient to
keep the motor in movement when unloaded. When the work is thrown upon the
Motor this valve is operated by any convenient mechanism or by means of levers in
combination with a Friction Clutch or clutches and valves which can be worked by a
treadle or other device, stops and starts the machine, and keeps the motor running at
a constant speed.
I sometimes adopt the following method a Friction Clutch or locking device is fixed
upon the Machine to be driven, or it may be fixed upon the Motor itself at any
convenient part thereof. The said Clutch having sufficient grip to operate the machine
and it can be varied in its grip according to the power required, this clutch has cast
upon it a small Fly Wheel and the operator can by placing the hand upon the Wheel

page_text: cause the Friction to slip and the machine is stopped while the motor continues to
run at a constant speed.
The above device can by means of levers and treadle be operated by the foot, and
the valves can be worked by the same device and at the same time the governor can
in combination with the clutch and levers operate the supply valve and so keep the
motor running at a constant speed.
The above described arrangements enables me to use the ordinary petroleum as it is
vaporized and mixed with air or gas highly superheated by means of heat prior to its
introduction into the cylinder, and also light oil in spray. The regulation of the
quantity of petroleum required for the formation of the explosive charge may be
effected by means of a measuring pump similar to that described in my former speci-
fication 4785 A.D. 1886, or any other suitable device may be employed.
In order that my invention may be most fully ascertained I will now proceed to
describe the same by reference to the accompanying Drawings in which
Fig. 1. (Sheet 1) is an elevation of the Swan Shaped Motor as contained in the
body of the Swan shown.
Fig. 2 (Sheet 2) is a longitudinal vertical section of same.
Fig. 3. is a transverse vertical section of the Engine and fittings the body of the
Swan not being shown.
Fig. 4. is an elevation of crank shaft and gearing for use where an explosion occurs
at every second revolution.
Fig. 5 (Sheet 3) is a transverse vertical section of cylinder and connections.
Fig. 8 is an elevation of outside of cylinder cover.
Fig. 9 is a section showing cylinders, pistons, and double crank shaft for use where
an explosion occurs at every revolution of the crank shaft.
In Fig. 1. the body of the Swan is made hollow and forms a casing to contain the
nechanism necessary for the motor. The air is drawn in through the nostrils or
mouth, down through the neck and thence into the cylinder. Here it mixes with the
gas, petroleum vapour or spray produced from a reservoir sometimes contained in the
base upon which sits the body of the Swan, but can be placed in any convenient
position. The exhaust products of combustion escape through an exhaust pipe near
the tail. The crank shaft projects through bearings in the wings and carry the Fly
Wheel which is the only part of the mechanism visible upon the exterior of the Swan.
The bearings in which the crank shaft runs may be roller bearings of any preferred
construction or arrangement.
In Sheet 2. Figs. 2, 3, & 4 a section of the same Swan is shewn with cylinder,
piston, connecting rod, crank shaft, and Fly Wheel as arranged where Gas or
Petroleum spray or vapour are used. The air enters at a passes down the neck b
through the passage cin the cylinder cover and enters the cylinder d through the valve e
which is drawn open through the suction of the piston f. g is the pipe through which
enters from its source the gas or petroleum vapour. The Petroleum in spray by
the port or passage z in dotted lines, or it may be petroleum and air or air only.
The plunger (which is moved by the wheels m. m. and an eccentric or cam from
the crank shaft n) governs the ignition by presenting at the proper time the opening
of the red hot tube to the interior of the cylinder when it contains its charge;
and also governs the emission of the exhaust products of combustion from the
cylinder by opening the same to the exhaust pipe p. The plunger shows in dotted
lines a port formed therein, for the admission of petroleum or gas in the form of spray.
The pump o actuated by the crank shaft or any convenient intermediate gearing
timed to operate in unison with the cycle of operation, so that each two revolutions of
the crank shaft, or it may be each thereof, ejects through the port or passage z
(in dotted lines) Petroleum in the form of spray, or it may be petroleum and air,
or air only, the port or passage z may be fitted with a spray producer of any
desirable construction, such as a perforated plate or other device the plunger K acting
as a cut off valve. In the case of a cam being used as shown at S (Fig. 4) it is found
necessary to use the spring t to ensure the return notion of the rod and connected
plunger.

page_text: In Fig. 2. the centre lines of the Wheels necessary to produce a 2 to 1 motion are
shown dotted in position. The tube is kept at a red heat by means of a gas jet i or
other device as shown in Fig. 3..
In cases where Petroleum is used previously vaporised the arrangement of parts
shown in Fig. 5 (Sheet 3) is used. Here d is a cylinder containing a piston fand
having a plunger & operated as before described. The tube is kept at a moderate
heat by means of a lamp i or other suitable device, and the petroleum drawn from any
convenient reservoir by a pump or it may flow by gravitation is forced into its heated
interior. The non-return valve n hinders it from re-entering the pump, which pump
is operated according to the desired cycle of operation from the crank shaft n of the
engine, by means of any convenient intermediate gearing.
The charge of petroleum contained inside the tube his here vaporized by the heat
and the plunger k having in its motion opened this to the cylinder by means of the
port w, this vapour is drawn in and mixed intimately with the air (or it may be
conducted into the gas passage 9) impined by the same stroke of the piston. The
exhaust is controlled by the motion of the same plunger which rising to the top of its
stroke opens the cylinder to the exhaust passage p as before described. The ignition
is effected by the charge of air and gas, petroleum vapour or spray in the cylinder
(when compressed by the return stroke of the piston) being forced up into the red hot
igniting tube r, or hand being ignited communicates with the mixture contained in the
cylinder d which is consequently likewise ignited.
The cycle of operation in either of the foregoing cases is as follows:-
The air drawn into the cylinder during the first outstroke of the piston through the
valve e (Figs. 2, 3, & 8) is mixed with the gas from the pipe g or the petroleumi vapour
from the tube h or petroleum in form of spray see dotted lines, entering during the
same stroke, then being compressed by the return stroke of the piston is ignited as
before described; expansion resulting forces the piston outwards during the second
ontstroke when the work is being done. The plunger now rising opens the exhaust
passage and during the next instroke of the piston the exhaust products of
combustion escape into the atmosphere, a condenser, or any convenient place.
This completes the cycle, and leaves the piston in the same position as before, ready
for a second cycle.
In my Specification 4785 A.D. 1886 for "Petroleum Engines," I describe and
illustrate a pump for measuring or regulating the quantity of petroleum used at each
cycle of operation of the engine. In the present instance I use a totally different
pump for controlling the quantity used. This pump may be used in all the hereinbefore
described arrangements for pumping the petroleum or it may be gas forming spray,
vapour or super-heated gas.
valve
In Fig. 8 is shown in elevation the outside of cylinder cover in which the exhaust
is operated by an arms of a rocking shaft T of any preferred construction
and arrangement moved by the crank shaft. This Fig. likewise shows in plan the
same arrangement as in Fig. 5 in which the exhaust escapes through the bottom of the
plunger and the petroleum is vaporised in the manner as shewn in Fig. 5.
and therewith illustrated. The ignition in this case can be effected either by
a tube by the side of the cylinder or by one upon the cover as shewn in this
Fig. at r.
The previous description refers to the before mentioned cycle of operation in which
an explosion occurs at every second revolution of the crank shaft. But in case of its
being considered advisable to secure an explosion at each revolution it is necessary to
use 2 cylinders as shown in Fig. 9, where the charge is drawn in as before described
but into cylinder Y and thence forced into cylinder Z which is the expansion cylinder.
In this case I sometimes avoid the necessity of providing an exhaust valve by exhausting
through a port V which is uncovered by the movement of the piston.
In the engines before described the ignition of the charge can be effected by an
electric spark placed in any convenient available position.
From the foregoing description it is obvious that the Engine or Motor can be
arranged inside the Swan shape Motor as a Vertical, Horizontal or Diagonal Engine

page_text: r Motor and can be operated by gas and air, petroleum spray and air, and petroleum
apour and air, by disconnecting the pump or the supply therefrom and attaching a
gas pipe thereto the Engine or Motor will work as a Gas Engine and although I have
lescribed the Mechanism as fitted to the body of a Swan shaped Motor it can be used
nd operated in the manner herein before described, outside the body of the Swan
hape casing either as a vertical, horizontal or diagonal Engine without departing
from essential features of this invention.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I claim is :-
(1.) In an Engine or Motor operated by combustible gas and air, or petroleum
vapour or spray and air, a Swan shaped Motor substantially as shown in Fig. 1 and
therewith described.
(2.) In an Engine or Motor operated by combustible gas and air, or petroleum
vapour or spray and air, the combination of a Swan shaped Motor substantially as
shown in Figs. 1 and 2 and therewith described.
(3.) In an Engine or Motor operated by combustible gas and air, or petroleum
vapour or spray the combination of parts substantially as shown in Figs. 3, and 4
and therewith described.
(4.) In an Engine or Motor operated by combustible gas and air, or petroleum
vapour or spray, the combination of parts substantially as shown in Fig. 5 and
therewith described.
(5.) The combination of the plunger K (Fig. 3). The port or passage for
admitting petroleum vapour or spray or gas with or without air to the cylinder d,
the igniting tube, the plunger K acting as a cut off valve substantially as herein set
forth with reference to Fig. 3 of the accompanying Drawings.
(6.) In a Swan motor engine such as described in Claim 1 operated by combustible
gas and air, or petroleum vapour or spray, the combination of the plunger K,
the port or passage, the heated tube /, the non-return valve w, the port or
passage z for admitting air, petroleum spray and air, the heated tube / vaporizing
the petroleum on its passage to the cylinder d or port g, the plunger k acting as
a cut off valve substantially as described with reference to Fig. 5 of the accompanying
drawings.
(7.) In a Swan engine such as herein described actuated by gas or petroleum
vapour and air, the use of a single heated or hot tube for the double purpose of
superheating the gas, vaporizing the petroleum and igniting the charge of air and
vapour in one and the same tube, substantially as herein set forth and described.
The 7th day of July 1887
RICHARD R. HUTCHINSON.

page_text: I RICHARD RICHARDSON HUTCHINSON practical and consulting Engineer of
57 & 57A Outer Temple Strand W.C. and the London Economic Motor and Gas
Engine Company do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:
My Invention relates to a novel and improved design and construction of that class
of motor engines worked by combustible gases or petroleum vapour or spray.
This Invention also comprises certain novel combinations and arrangements of
parts and the said Invention is designed to provide a motor which will be simple and
cheap in construction and operation "The Swan Motor" in which the air is drawn
through the nostrils and mouth. The Cylinder or Cylinders are cast or fixed in the
body the Crank Shaft is carried by bearings in the wings the gas admitted at the
feet or bottom and the exhaust ejected at the tail.
In constructing my motor according to my invention which is intended for
domestic purposes such as driving sewing machines or other light machines or
machinery the construction and design is that of a Swan and for the purpose
of purifying the atmosphere of the room or chamber in which it is placed
and also for forming a charge of combustible moisture such charge consisting of
air mixed with either gas or petroleum in the form of either vapour or spray the
air is drawn through the nostrils and mouth of the Swan down the neck to the motor
where it is commingled with a fresh supply of air and gas or petroleum vapour or
spray which is drawn in or forced by a pump through a valve and mixing chamber
D
1177

page_text: (preferably an automatic plate valve) or any other suitable arrangement into the
working Cylinder. The ports being then closed by suitable valves the mixture is
exploded under compression within the working cylinder by a heated tube electric
spark or other means.
When I use an electric spark or heated tube for igniting the mixture a small
automatic valve regulated by a spring or other device is forced back at the extreme
point of compression within the working cylinder and uncovers a port in which
is always a constant electric spark playing or in connection with the heated tube
which explodes the mixture within the working Cylinder or I may use any other
device for opening the firing port to the electric spark or heated tube. This system
assures extreme rapidity of ignition and consequent greater speed thereby attained
and less loss of heat takes place resulting in a decreased consumption of Gas.
The cylinder or cylinders or pumps are cast or fixed in the body of the Swan
shaped motor and are either single or double acting that is to say the explosion of the
charge takes place every other revolution or every revolution of the crank shaft and
are of the type known as compression motors or they can be worked with gas and
air mixture at a low or atmospheric pressure.
To cheapen the construction I sometimes cast the Swan shaped motor and cylinder
or cylinders and pump in one casting or piece. In one arrangement I use a pump
for the purpose of drawing in a charge of combustible mixture (which combustible
mixture in all cases consists of air mixed with either gas or petroleum in the form of
vapour or spray) and forcing it into the working cylinder through suitable valves
there to be compressed and ignited at the point of compression most advantageous
to the working of the motor at each revolution of the crank shaft.
In another arrangement I dispense with the force pump and draw the charge into
the working cylinder or cylinders through suitable valves and the mixture is
compressed therein.
I do not confine myself to any cycle of operation in this instance as it can be
varied.
In an arrangement wherein the charge is drawn into the working cylinder by the
suction of the working piston and ignited at atmospheric pressure within the
working cylinder at each revolution of the crank shaft it is to be observed that all
the valves are self-acting, and any suitable lighting device can be used. When
working with petroleum the gas passages must be modified so as to be suitable to
the use of petroleum vapour or spray, instead of gas.
In casting or fixing the cylinder or cylinders in the body of the swan shaped
motor 1 sometimes provide a water space for cooling the cylinders or ribs cast inside
the body radiating from cylinder to side of swan.
The crank shaft of the motor is carried in bearings fixed in the wings of the swan
shaped motor, on which is fixed the Fly wheel, driving pulley or other appliances.
And in order to reduce the friction and make the motor as light running as possible,
I sometimes fit the various bearings with friction rolls.
The gas supply is conducted through the feet or bottom of the swan shaped motor
to a mixing chamber or through a valve to the pump or working cylinder.
The exhaust is ejected from the working cylinder the port being opened by the
piston or any convenient means and conducted through the tail of the swan to a
condenser or the atmosphere, or any convenient place.
The gas is supplied to the motor from an ordinary gas bag; the gas on leaving the
bag enters a valve box, or mixing chamber in which a plate or other valve is seated.
This valve may be so arranged that a small quantity of combustible mixture is
allowed to pass sufficient to keep the motor in movement when unloaded.
When the work is thrown upon the motor this valve is operated by any convenient
mechanism or by means of levers in combination with a friction clutch or clutches
and valves which can be worked by a treadle or other device, stops and starts the
machine and keeps the motor running at a constant speed.
I sometimes adopt the following method a friction clutch or locking device is fixed

page_text: upon the machine to be driven, or it may be fixed upon the motor itself at any
convenient part thereof, the said clutch having sufficient grip to operate the machine,
and it can be varied in its grip according to the power required.
This clutch has cast upon it a small Fly wheel, and the operator can by placing
the hand upon the wheel cause the friction clutch to slip, and the machine is stopped
while the motor continues to run at a constant speed.
The above device can by means of levers and treadle be operated by the foot, and
the valves can be worked by the same device and at the same time.
The governor can in combination with the clutch and levers operate the supply
valve and so keep the motor running at a constant speed.
Petroleum Vapour or Spray.
I, RICHARD RICHARDSON HUTCHINSON 30 Wolsey Road Mildmay Park London N.
Consulting and practical Mechanical Engineer do hereby declare the nature of this
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
My Invention relates to a novel and improved design and construction of that class
of Motor Engines worked by combustible gases or petroleum vapour or spray.
This invention also comprises certain novel combinations and arrangements of parts,
and the said Invention is designed to provide a motor, which will be simple and cheap
in construction and operation. "The Swan Motor" in which the air is drawn
through the nostrils and mouth. The crank is carried by bearings in the wings, the
cylinder or cylinders are cast or fixed in the body. The exhaust is ejected at the tail,
and the gas admitted at the feet or bottom.
In constructing my motor according to my invention which is intended for
domestic purposes such as driving sewing machines and other light machines or
machinery. The construction and design is that of a Swan and for the purpose of
purifying the air and also for forming a charge of combustible mixture, such charge
consisting of air mixed with either Gas or Petroleum in the form of vapour or spray.
The air is drawn through the nostrils and mouth of the Swan down the neck to the
motor, where it is co-mingled with a fresh supply of air or air and gas or petroleum

page_text: which is drawn in or forced by a pump through a valve and mixing chamber, pre-
ferably an automatic plate valve or any other suitable arrangement into working
cylinder, the ports being closed by suitable valves, the mixture is exploded under
compression within the working cylinder by a heated tube, Electric Spark or other
means.
When I use an Electric Spark or heated tube for igniting the mixture a small
automatic valve regulated by a spring or other device is forced back at the extreme
point of compression within the working cylinder and uncovers a port in which is
always a constant Electric Spark playing or in connection with the heated tube
I
which explodes the mixture within the working cylinder, or
may use any other
device for opening the firing port to the Electric Spark or heated tube. This system
assures extreme rapidity of ignition and consequent greater speed attained, less loss of
heat takes place resulting in a decreased consumption of gas. The cylinder or
cylinders or pumps are cast or fixed in the body of the Swan Shaped Motor, and are
either single or double acting, that is to say the explosion of the charge takes place
every other revolution or every revolution of the crank shaft and are of the type
known as compression motors, or they can be worked with gas and air mixture at a
low or atmospheric pressure.
To cheapen the construction I cast the Swan Shaped Motor and cylinder or
cylinders and pump in one casting or piece. In one arrangement I use a pump for
the purpose of drawing er forcing in a charge of combustible mixture, in all cases the
combustible charge consists of air mixed with either gas or petroleum in the form of
vapour or spray and forcing it into the working cylinder through suitable valves
there to be compressed and ignited at the point of compression most advantageous to
the working of the Motor at each revolution of the crank shaft. In another arrange-
ment I dispense with the force pump and draw the charge into the working cylinder
or cylinders through suitable valves and the mixture is compressed therein, I do not
confine myself to any cycle of operation in this instant as it can be varied, in an
arrangement wherein the charge is drawn into the working cylinder by the suction of
the working piston and ignited at atmospheric pressure within the working cylinder,
it is to be observed that all the valves are self acting at each revolution of the crank
shaft and any suitable lighting device can be used. When working with Petroleum
the gas passages must be modified in proportion to the heating power thereof. In
casting the cylinder or cylinders in the body of the Swan I sometimes provide a
Water space for cooling the cylinders or Ribs cast inside the body radiating from a
Cylinder to side of Swan. The crank shaft of the Motor is carried by bearings fixed
in the wings of the Swan, on which is fixed the Fly Wheel, driving pulley or other
appliances, and in order to reduce the Friction and make the Motor as light running
as possible I sometimes fit the various bearings.with Friction Rolls.
The gas supply is conducted through the feet or bottom of the Swan Motor to a
mixing chamber or through a valve to the pump or working cylinder.
The exhaust is ejected from the working cylinder, the port being opened by the
piston or any convenient means and conducted through the tail of the Swan to a
condenser, or the atmosphere or any convenient place. The gas is supplied to the
motor from an ordinary gas bag, the gas on leaving the bag enters a valve Box or
mixing Chamber in which a plate or other valve is seated, this valve may be so
arranged that a small quantity of combustible mixture is allowed to pass sufficient to
keep the motor in movement when unloaded. When the work is thrown upon the
Motor this valve is operated by any convenient mechanism or by means of levers in
combination with a Friction Clutch or clutches and valves which can be worked by a
treadle or other device, stops and starts the machine, and keeps the motor running at
a constant speed.
I sometimes adopt the following method a Friction Clutch or locking device is fixed
upon the Machine to be driven, or it may be fixed upon the Motor itself at any
convenient part thereof. The said Clutch having sufficient grip to operate the machine
and it can be varied in its grip according to the power required, this clutch has casi
upon it a small Fly Wheel and the operator can by placing the hand upon the Wheel

page_text: ause the Friction to slip and the machine is stopped while the motor continues to
un at a constant speed.
The above device can by means of levers and treadle be operated by the foot, and
he valves can be worked by the same device and at the same time the governor can
n combination with the clutch and levers operate the supply valve and so keep the
notor running at a constant speed.
The above described arrangements enables me to use the ordinary petroleum as it is
aporized and mixed with air or gas highly superheated by means of heat prior to its
ntroduction into the cylinder, and also light oil in spray. The regulation of the
quantity of petroleum required for the formation of the explosive charge may be
Effected by means of a measuring pump similar to that described in my former speci-
ication 4785 A.D. 1886, or any other suitable device may be employed.
In order that my invention may be most fully ascertained I will now proceed to
describe the same by reference to the accompanying Drawings in which
Fig. 1. (Sheet 1) is an elevation of the Swan Shaped Motor as contained in the
body of the Swan shown.
Fig. 2 (Sheet 2) is a longitudinal vertical section of same.
Fig. 3. is a transverse vertical section of the Engine and fittings the body of the
Swan not being shown.
Fig. 4. is an elevation of crank shaft and gearing for use where an explosion occurs
at every second revolution.
Fig. 5 (Sheet 3) is a transverse vertical section of cylinder and connections.
Fig. 6. Vertical section of a cover for attachment to an engine where the Petroleum
is resolved into a vapour previous to admission to the cylinder.
Fig. 7. is a sectional plan of a cover for attachment to an engine where the spray
of petroleum is used.
Fig. 8 is an elevation of outside of cylinder cover and also plan of Fig. 6.
Fig. 9 is a section showing cylinders, pistons, and double crank shaft for use where
an explosion occurs at every revolution of the crank shaft.
Fig. 10. is an elevation of Fig. 6.
In Fig. 1. the body of the Swan is made hollow and forms a casing to contain the
mechanism necessary for the motor. The air is drawn in through the nostrils or
mouth, down through the neck and thence into the cylinder. Here it mixes with the
gas, petroleum vapour or spray produced from a reservoir sometimes contained in the
base upon which sits the body of the Swan, but can be placed in any convenient
position. The exhaust products of combustion escape through an exhaust pipe near
the tail. The crank shaft projects through bearings in the wings and carry the Fly
Wheel which is the only part of the mechanism visible upon the exterior of the Swan.
The bearings in which the crank shaft runs may be roller bearings of any preferred
construction or arrangement.
In Sheet 2. Figs. 2, 3, & 4 a section of the same Swan is shewn with cylinder,
piston, connecting rod, crank shaft, and Fly Wheel as arranged where Gas or
Petroleum spray or vapour are used. The air enters at a passes down the neck b
through the passage c in the cylinder cover and enters the cylinder d through the valve e
which is drawn open through the suction of the piston f. 9 is the pipe through which
enters from its source the gas or petroleum vapour. The Petroleum in spray by
the port or passage z in dotted lines, or it may be petroleum and air or air only.
The plunger (which is moved by the wheels m. m. and an eccentric or cam from
the crank shaft n) governs the ignition by presenting at the proper time the opening
of the red hot tuber to the interior of the cylinder when it contains its charge;
and also governs the emission of the exhaust products of combustion from the
cylinder by opening the same to the exhaust pipe p. The plunger k shows in dotted.
lines a port formed therein, for the admission of petroleum or gas in the form
of spray.
The pump o actuated by the crank shaft or any convenient intermediate gearing
timed to operate in unison with the cycle of operation, so that each two revolutions of
the crank shaft or it may be each thereof, the pump B ejects through the port or

page_text: passage (in dotted lines) Petroleum in the form of spray, or it may be petroleum and
air, or air only, the port or passage z may be fitted with a spray producer of any
desirable construction, such as a perforated plate or other device the plunger K acting
as a cut off valve. In the case of a cam being used as shown at S (Fig. 4) it is found
necessary to use the spring t to ensure the return motion of the rod and connected
plunger.
In Fig. 2. the centre lines of the Wheels necessary to produce a 2 to 1 motion are
shown dotted in position. The tube is kept at a red heat by means of a gas jet i or
other device as shown in Fig. 3.
In cases where Petroleum is used previously vaporised the arrangement of parts
shown in Fig. 5 (Sheet 3) is used. Here d is a cylinder containing a piston fand
having a plunger k operated as before described. The tube is kept at a moderate
heat by means of a lamp i or other suitable device, and the petroleum drawn from any
convenient reservoir by a pump or it may flow by gravitation is forced into its heated
interior. The non-return valve n hinders it from re-entering the pump, which pump
is operated according to the desired cycle of operation from the crank shaft n of the
engine, by means of any convenient intermediate gearing.
The charge of petroleum contained inside the tube is here vaporized by the heat
and the plunger having in its motion opened this to the cylinder by means of the
port w, this vapour is drawn in and mixed intimately with the air (or it may be
conducted into the gas passage g) impined by the same stroke of the piston. The
exhaust is controlled by the motion of the same plunger which rising to the top of its
stroke opens the cylinder to the exhaust passage p as before described. The ignition
is effected by the charge of air and gas, petroleum vapour or spray in the cylinder
(when compressed by the return stroke of the piston) being forced up into the red hot
igniting tube r, or hand being ignited communicates with the mixture contained in the
cylinder d which is consequently likewise ignited.
:-
The cycle of operation in either of the foregoing cases is as follows:-
The air drawn into the cylinder during the first outstroke of the piston through the
valve e (Figs. 2, 3, & 8) is mixed with the gas from the pipe g or the petroleum vapour
from the tube h or petroleum in form of spray see dotted lines z, entering during the
same stroke, then being compressed by the return stroke of the piston is ignited as
before described; expansion resulting forces the piston outwards during the second
outstroke when the work is being done. The plunger now rising opens the exhaust
passage and during the next instroke of the piston the exhaust products of
combustion escape into the atmosphere, a condenser, or any convenient place.
This completes the cycle, and leaves the piston in the same position as before, ready
for a second cycle.
In Fig. 7 is shown a cover of the cylinder containing the necessary mechanism for
an engine in which without heat the petroleum is converted into spray and mixed with
the air is ignited in the manner before described.
In my Specification 4785 A.D. 1886 for "Petroleum Engines," I describe and
illustrate a pump for measuring or regulating the quantity of petroleum used at each
cycle of operation of the engine. In the present instance I use a totally different
pump for controlling the quantity used. This pump may be used in all the hereinbefore
described arrangements for pumping the petroleum or it may be gas forming spray,
vapour or super-heated gas. The petroleum in a measured and exact quantity (which
may be varied at pleasure by altering the throw of the plunger B inside the pump A)
from the reservoir forced by the pressure through the small pipe cand is thus formed
into a spray which entering the cylinder (along with the air) through the valve e
is there mixed and ignited in the same manner as in the case of vaporised petroleum
as before described, viz. by the pressure of compression forcing back the valve M
controlled by the spring M³.
The air enters from the pipe D and the exhaust is arranged in either manner before
described as may be most convenient.
The pump is operated from the crank shaft by the intermediate shaft O and a crank E
of short throw the pin G. of which inoves in a slot formed in the head of the plunger.

page_text: This enables the throw to be easily varied by means of the screw H. This pump can
be arranged at any convenient part of the engine other than shown, and may have an
oscillating motion or rigidly fixed to any part of the said engine.
In Figs. 6 and 10 is shown an alternative arrangement of an engine in which the
petroleum is vaporised or gas superheated previous to being drawn into the cylinder.
Here J is a tube communicating with the cylinder d by the passage L and also to the
heated tube J¹, which is kept hot by a lamp or other device placed at the point R
Fig. 10. The petroleum is forced through the pipe J' by the pump as before described
enters this red hot tube. On its passage into this heated tube it is vaporised, the
expansion thereof caused by the heat together with the suction caused by the outstroke
of the piston draws it into the cylinder where mixing intimately together with the
air it forms an explosive charge. On the return stroke of the piston the pressure
causes the valve M controlled by the spring M₁ to lift from its seat and passes the
mixture into the tube J and thence into the small red hot tube J where it is ignited
and this causes the mixture in the cylinder to explode and produces pressure as before
described.
The air enters through the valve D as before mentioned.
The sliding rod N operated from the crank shaft prevents the valve M from opening
at any other period, and also controls (by means of the lever P) the movement of the
exhaust valve. The non-return valve R prevents the charge from passing back into
the tube until the compression is complete and the valve M lifted from its seat by the
pressure of compression, and also at the same time, the bar N is withdrawn so that the
incline formed thereon in conjunction with the pressure assisted by the spring M¹
releases the valve at the before mentioned period of ignition.
In Fig. 8 is shown in elevation the outside of cylinder cover in which the exhaust
valve q is operated by an arms of a rocking shaft T of any preferred construction
and arrangement moved by the crank shaft. This Fig. likewise shows in plan the
same arrangement as in Fig. 5 in which the exhaust escapes through the bottom of the
plunger k and the petroleum is vaporised in the manner as shewn in Fig. 5.
and therewith illustrated. The ignition in this case can be effected either by
a tube by the side of the cylinder or by one upon the cover as shewn in this
Fig. at r.
In Fig. 10 is shewn an end view of a cylinder cover similar to Fig. 6. in which a
vertical red hot pipe is used as shown at X. the non return valve w. the chamber J.
The igniting tube J' the check valve R as before described.
The previous description refers to the before mentioned cycle of operation in which
an explosion occurs at every second revolution of the crank shaft. But in case of its
being considered advisable to secure an explosion at each revolution it is necessary to
use 2 cylinders as shown in Fig. 9, where the charge is drawn in as before described
but into cylinder Y and thence forced into cylinder Z which is the expansion cylinder.
In this case I sometimes avoid the necessity of providing an exhaust valve by exhausting
through a port V which is uncovered by the movement of the piston.
In the engines before described the ignition of the charge can be effected by an
electric spark placed in any convenient available position.
From the foregoing description it is obvious that the Engine or Motor can be
arranged inside the Swan shape Motor as a Vertical, Horizontal or Diagonal Engine
or Motor and can be operated by gas and air, petroleum spray and air, and petroleum
vapour and air, by disconnecting the pump or the supply therefrom and attaching a
gas pipe thereto the Engine or Motor will work as a Gas Engine and although I have
described the Mechanism as fitted to the body of a Swan shaped Motor it can be used
and operated in the manner hereinbefore described, outside the body of the Swan
shape casing either as a vertical, horizontal or diagonal Engine without departing
from essential features of this invention.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I claim is :-

page_text: vapour or spray and air, a Swan shaped Motor substantially as shown in Fig. 1 and
therewith described.
(2.) In an Engine or Motor operated by combustible gas and air, or petroleum
vapour or spray and air, the combination of a Swan shaped Motor substantially as
shown in Figs. 1 and 2 and therewith described.
(3.) In an Engine or Motor operated by combustible gas and air, or petroleum
vapour or spray the combination of parts substantially as shown in Figs. 3 and 4
and therewith described.
(4.) In an Engine or Motor operated by combustible gas and air, or petroleum
vapour or spray, the combination of parts substantially as shown in Fig. 5 and
therewith described.
(5.) The combination of the plunger K (Fig. 3). The port or passage z for
admitting petroleum vapour or spray or gas with or without air to the cylinder d,
the igniting tube r, the plunger K acting as a cut off valve substantially as herein set
forth with reference to Fig. 3 of the accompanying Drawings.
(6.) In a Swan motor engine such as described in Claim 1 operated by combustible
gas and air, or petroleum vapour or spray, the combination of parts substantially as
shown in Figs. 6. and 10 and therewith described.
(7.) The combination of the plunger K, the port or passage, the heated tube,
the non-return valve w, the port or passage for admitting air, petroleum spray
and air, the heated tube h vaporizing the petroleum on its passage to the cylinder d
or port g, the plunger acting as a cut off valve substantially as described with
reference to Fig. 5 of the accompanying drawings.
(8.) In a Swan engine such as described in Claim 1 actuated by combustible gas
and air, or petroleum vapour or spray, the combination of parts substantially as shown
in Fig. 7 and therewith described.
(9.) In a Swan engine such as herein described actuated by gas or petroleum
vapour and air, the use of a single heated or hot tube for the double purpose of
superheating the gas, vaporizing the petroleum and igniting the charge of air and
vapour in one and the same tube, substantially as herein set forth and described.
The 7th day of July 1887.