IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OP SUGAR
Year: 1845

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, HENRY
PEARSE and WILLIAM DIMSDALE CHILD, both of Finsbury Place South, in the
City of London, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her present most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Royal Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date at
Westminster, the Twenty-first day of August, in the ninth year of Her reign,
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto us, the said
Henry Pearse and William Dimsdale Child, our exors, admors, and assigns,
Her especial license, full power, sole privilege and authority, that we, the said
Henry Pearse and William Dimsdale Child, our exors, adñors, and assigns, or
such others as we, the said Henry Pearse and William Dimsdale Child, our
exors, admors, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others,
from time to time and at all times during the term of years therein ex-
pressed, should and lawfully might use, exercise, and vend, within England,
Wales, and the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, and in the Islands of Jersey,
Guernsey, Alderney, Sark, and Man, and in all Her said Majesty's Colonies
and Plantations abroad, the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE
OP SUGAR," communicated to us from abroad; in which said Letters Patent is
contained a proviso that we, the said Henry Pearse and William Dimsdale
Child, or one of us, shall cause a particular description of the nature of the
said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be
inrolled in Her said Majesty's High Court of Chancery within six calendar

page_text: months next and immediately after the date of the said in part recited Letters
Patent, as in and by the same, reference being thereunto had, will more fully
and at large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, we, the said
Henry Pearse and William Dimsdale Child, do hereby declare that the
nature of the said Invention, and the manner in which the same is to be per-
formed, are fully described and ascertained in and by the following statement
thereof, reference being had to the Drawing hereunto annexed, and to
the figures and letters marked thereon that is to say :-
The Invention consists,
First, of heating vacuum pans by the heated air passing from the flues of
the ordinary teaches, thus dispensing with the use of steam.
Secondly, the Invention consists in a peculiar arrangement of filters for
filtering the syrups of sugar in their process of manufacture.
And,
Thirdly, the Invention consists of a mode of setting the teaches used in boil-
ing sugar so as to offer a larger surface to the action of the heat employed by
dispensing with the transverse arches of masonry heretofore employed, and
substituting arches or supports of metal.
And in order that the Invention may be most fully understood, and readily
carried into effect, we will proceed to describe the means pursued by us.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING.
Figure 1 represents a section of teaches, a vacuum pan, filters, and other
apparatus, having our improvements applied, and Figure 2 is a
plan thereof.
It is well known that heretofore in using vacuum pans, together with teaches
when manufacturing sugar, it has been usual to employ steam to heat vacuum
pans, and those pans have heretofore been made with double bottoms to
receive the steam. And it is also well known that in applying fire to heat
teaches or pans it has been usual for the heated air or products from the fire
to pass directly to the chimney, either immediately after heating the teaches or
pans or after passing from them under the clarifiers, by which means the
heated air and vapours pass into the chimney at a high temperature, and it is
found that the heat so wasted may be beneficially used for heating vacuum
pans in place of steam, thus not only reducing the cost of the vacuum pan by
rendering the double bottom unnecessary, but the cost of fuel and of the steam
apparatus will be saved. And to carry out the first part of the Invention we
construct a suitable chamber for receiving the vacuum pan, as is shewn in the
Drawing, there being proper dampers and flues to allow the heated air and
vapours escaping from the flues of the clarifyers or of the pans or teaches,

page_text: either to heat the vacuum pan or to go up the chimney, as may be required, as
will be understood on examing the Drawing.
The second part of the Invention relates to so combining two or more filters
when manufacturing sugar, in such manner that the filtered product of one
may flow into the next in succession, and below and from the last or lowest
into one of the teaches or pans, the filtering medium being composed of horse-
hair, wool, and cotton. The filters are constructed by having suitable vessels,
the bottom of the first or upper one of which is composed of woven copper
wire cloth or other suitable material, on which is spread horsehair, and on
this horsehair is placed a moveable frame fitting the vessel and combined of
similar woven wire cloth or other suitable material, so that the filter of horse-
hair may be retained and compressed between two reticulate surfaces; and in
order to support such filtering medium there may be a perforated wood
bottom to the vessel, or other means of support may be resorted to. The
second filter is similarly formed, excepting that coarse wool is used in place of
the horsehair; and the third filter, if used, is similarly formed, the material
being cotton. We would remark, that we are aware that horsehair, wool,
and cotton, have been before used for making filters. We do not, therefore,
claim the same generally, this part of the Invention consisting of the mode of
combining the use of a series of filters made of such materials for filtering
sugar in the progress of its manufacture, as herein described. The series of
filters are supplied by a pump and pipe, as shewn in the Drawing, and the
filtered product of one filter passes to the next, and so on, and from the last to
one of the pans or teaches.
The third part of the Invention consists of dispensing with the arches of
masonry heretofore used in setting the pans or teaches, and in place thereof
we use metal supports. The pans or teaches are connected by what we call
saddle or pannier pieces of metal, as are shewn in the Drawing, and they are
respectively supported by bars across from side to side, and the flue is closed in
by masonry so that the parts of the pans or teaches, which were heretofore
covered by the arches of masonry, are thrown open to the heat in the flues,
and thus a benefit is obtained by a more extensive heating surface. a, a, is
the fireplace or furnace; b, b, the pans or teaches; c, c, the flue leading from
the fireplace under the pans or teaches to the clarifyers, and then to the
chamber under the vacuum pan, and from thence to the chimney d, there
being dampers e, e, to control the direction to which the heated air and vapour
shall pass, and also to regulate the passage. f is the vacuum pan fitted with
apparatus, as heretofore, but there is no double bottom for steam. I is the
discharging valve, and h is the supply pipe to the vacuum pan. i are the

page_text: filters arranged as described; ; is the pump for supplying the filters; k are the
saddle or pannier pieces and bars supporting the teaches or pans in place of
the arches of brickwork heretofore employed.
Having thus described the nature of the Invention, and the best means we
are acquainted with for performing the same, we would have it understood
that what we claim is,-
First, the mode of heating vacuum pans by the hot hair passing off through
the flues of the teaches or paus, as herein described, and which would other-
wise be wasted.
Secondly, we claim the mode of arranging filters for filtering sugar in its
process of manufacture, as above described.
And,
Thirdly, we claim the mode of setting teaches or pans by dispensing with
arches, and using metal, as above described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Henry Pearse, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Eigth day of January, in the year of our Lord One