CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANU- FACTURE OF CHENILLE AND OTHER PILED FABRICS
Year: 1851

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, WILLIAM
SMITH, WILLIAM DICKINSON, and THOMAS PEAKE, all of Derby, Manufacturers,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her present most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Royal Letters Patent under the Great Seal of the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, bearing date at Westminster, the Thirteenth day of
November, One thousand eight hundred and fifty-one, in the fifteenth year
of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto
us, the said William Smith, William Dickinson, and Thomas Peake, our
exors, adññiors, and assigns, Her especial licence, full power, sole privilege
and authority, that we, the said William Smith, William Dickinson, and
Thomas Peake, our exors, adiñiors, and assigns, ad such others as we, the said
William Smith, William Dickinson, and Thomas Peake, our exors, adñiors,
or assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time
and at all times, during the term of years therein expressed, should and
lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within England, Wales, and
the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, within the Islands of Jersey, Guernsey,
Alderney, Sark, and Man, and also within all Her said Majesty's Colonies and
Plantations abroad, our Invention of "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANU-
FACTURE OF CHENILLE AND OTHER PILED FABRICS;" in which said Letters Patent
there is contained a proviso that we, the said William Smith, William Dick-
inson, and Thomas Peake, by an instrument in writing under our hands and
seals, particularly to describe and ascertain the nature of our said Invention,
and in what manner the same is to be performed, and to cause the same to
be enrolled in Her Majesty's High Court of Chancery within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said in part recited Letters

page_text: Patent, as in and by the same, reference being thereunto had, will more fully
and at large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, we, the said
William Smith, William Dickinson, and Thomas Peake, do hereby declare
that the nature of our said Invention, and the manner in which the same is
to be performed, are described and ascertained by the Drawings hereunto
annexed, and forming parts thereof, and the words and figures following, that
is to say :-
The nature of this Invention, and the principles of construction on which it
is based, consist of certain new mechanical combinations and arrangements of
parts exemplified and fully laid down in the accompanying Drawings and the
description hereunto annexed, constituting a new machine or apparatus for
the manufacture of chenille and other piled fabrics, the details of which are
described and explained in manner following, i.e.-Figure 1 is an end view
of the machine, the framing of which is half an inch thick and beaded, both
edges making one inch. On the edges it is full of slots or perforations, as
shewn. This Figure gives a full view of the various motions contained in
this machine, which said motions are described and fully explained by refe-.
rence to the three Sheets of Drawings or figures and letters of reference
placed thereon. Figure 2 is a front or full view of the working parts of the
machinery. The motion of this machine is got by the bottom cylinder A. It
has a pair of pullies B on the end, so that a strap is applied, and communicates
mction from suitable motive power, which is the first motion. The second is
a cone pulley C that gives motion to the top cylinder V by a cone pulley D
of the same dimensions as the bottom one. It is driven by a gut, so that
any speed required is attainable. The same cone C gives motion to the two
shafts E, which require to have a good change of speed. There are two ways
in which the speed of the shafts may be changed: one by the cone C, and
the other by the wheels F¹, F. (F³ is a groove pulley on which the wheel F*
works; it is changeable to any size.) There are two other shafts G at the
other end of the machine. They are driven by the same power as the shafts
E, namely, the bottom cylinder A by a cone pulley II. The front view,
Figure 2, exhibits the machine, for convenience made up with five spindle
heads only on each side, numbered 1, 2, 3, 4, 5. It is not necessarily confined
to five of a side, but as many fives as a room will hold or convenience permit ;
but the shafts, bars, rails, &c. are supported at every five beads; and there-
fore it was a suitable place to exhibit the other end of the machine. I is an
upright shaft driven by a pair of mitre wheels J, that give motion to the heart
shaft K by a worm L and wheel M. The Drawings exhibit one spindle head

page_text: only in full connection for working. They are all alike when fully fitted; the
only difference required is to effect the manufacture of different sizes of
chenille, which is obtained by constructing the front roller of different widths.
N marks a pair of rollers to each head. They are got up in a frame O,
moveable, in order to change them quickly from one size to another.
Herein consists a very important and novel improvement in the construction
of this machine. The rollers N are made of cast steel. The back roller N
is plain on the face, except a small groove N¹ in the centre to receive the
twisting thread P, while the front roller N has a groove N₁ (see Figures 1
and 2, Sheet 3,) in the centre to receive the other twisting thread, while the
edges N are left full with a knife edge (N), so that the shoot is cut in pass-
ing through the rollers, and is twisted up by the twisting threads P catching
it in the centre, and is in that manner formed into chenille. In connection
with the above, and for the delivery of the shoot, there is placed above the
rollers N a revolving shuttle Q that throws its shoot over the selvage cords R,
which carry it to the rollers N, when the twisting threads take possession of it,
and the rollers N cut it off the selvage cords, and set them at liberty. The
selvage cords R are endless, working alternately.
The construction of the rollers N, and mode of working described in con-
nection therewith, together with the mechanical movement and operation
explained in this paragraph for the manufacture of chenille, form further and
the principal novel improvements in the construction of machinery for the
manufacture of chenille contained in this Invention. The wheels in this size
of machine are all one pitch, i. c., ths pitch. The pinions S, on the long
shaft E, running on the back of the rollers N, have twenty teeth, and drive
the pinions on the short shafts of the rollers. It also drives other pinions T
on the back of it, which pinions T have sixteen teeth. This pinion, running
on the back, has on the same short shaft a groove pulley U, that gives motion
to the selvage cords R, so that the surface of the rollers and the selvage cords
work at equal and the same speed. Both faces or fronts of the machine are
alike, as drawn in Figure 2. The selvage cords R are seen distinctly as end-
less cords in Figure 1. The top. cylinder V is ten inches in diameter, and
gives motion to the revolving shuttles Q by a band, in order to give any
number of shoots per inch that is required to make the chenille of any definite
quality. The bottom cylinder A, eight inches diameter, is to give motion to
the twisting spindles that twist up the chenille, and so lap it on the bobbins
W that are on the spindles X. Both cylinders are made of tin. The heart-
shaped cam motion is for traversing the bobbins W on the spindles X. The
feed shafts G are for the purpose of drawing the twisting threads Poff the

page_text: bobbins Y, and giving it through the rollers N to be twisted in the centre of
the chenille. The twisting thread may be of wire, silk, cotton, or any other
suitable material.
:
Another improvement consists in an extension of the principle by cutting
the one shoot into as many shreds as required, and multiplying the number of
cutting edges and grooves for twisting threads in the rollers N, (sec Sheet 3,
Figure 3,) and multiplying the number of twisting threads and spindles X,
whereby the threads of chenille may be multiplied.
The foregoing description of the machinery comprised in this Invention, and
exemplified by Drawings of the same, contain the general character of all
machinery used in the manufacture of chenille and other piled fabrics of that
nature. The novelty of this Invention depends on the combination of various
details of parts and minute appliances of small gear for accelerating the pro-
cess, and executing the same in a cleaner, truer, and more perfect manner,
such parts being either entirely new or of new combination, or possessing a
new principle of action, as will be explained in the several claims hereunto
annexed. And we wish it most particularly to be understood, that although
we have, in the Drawings and Specification annexed, fully set forth the details
and principles of this Invention, as practised by us, and the manner in which
the same is worked and carried into effect, yet we hold a reservation to ourselves
of all such changes of form in the construction of the parts as are suggested
in the course of manufacturing such machinery, and in the practice of work-
ing the same in the manufacture of chenille and other piled fabrics, in so far
as such immaterial changes are dependent upon and adhere to the prin-
ciples on which the several parts of this Invention are based; but what we
claim is,
Firstly, we claim the general form and character of machinery for the pur
poses of this Invention obtained by the introduction into the same of the parts
entirely new, and the details thereof, namely, the rollers N of cast steel (see
Figures 1, 2, 3,) got up in a frame marked O, and altogether moveable, for
the purpose of being withdrawn readily for the easy insertion of smaller rollers
set to a different gauge, for the purpose of cutting the pile around the threads
closer, so as to manufacture chenille of one eighth of an inch diameter, or
even up to an inch or more in diameter. The groove on said rollers and knife
edge forming the width of said grooves is also a principal novelty; also the
revolving shuttle Q and the selvage cords R.
Secondly, we claim the cutting of the one shoot into as many shreads as
necessary, and the privilege of multiplying the number of cutting edges and
grooves for twisting threads in the rollers N, as also the number of twisting

page_text: threads and spindles X, enabling us thereby to multiply the threads of
chenille.
Thirdly, we claim all combinations imparted to machinery for manufacture
of chenille obtained by the introduction of the several novelties claimed by
us, wherein are exibited old forms and details of mechanical parts in connection
with the novelties claimed, as set forth.
Fourthly, we claim generally all new principles of action, motions, and
manipulations whatever imparted, to machinery for the purposes of manufac-
turing chenille and other piled fabrics arising from the various parts and
details of this Invention that are entirely new; and also all new principles of
action, motions, and manipulation whatever imparted to aforesaid machinery
for said purposes by such parts or details as are new only in combination, and
especially the mode of working described in this Specification in connection
with the whole of the machinery described and set forth in this our Specifi-
cation and Drawings thereunto attached.
In witness whereof, I, the said Thomas Peake, party hereto, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Tenth day of May, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-two.
AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the Tenth day of May, in the year
of our Lord 1852, the aforesaid Thomas Peake came before our said Lady
the Queen in Her Chancery, and acknowledged the Specification aforesaid
and all and every thing therein contained and specified, in form above written
And also the Specification aforesaid was stamped according to the tenor of the
Statute made for that purpose.