IMPROVEMENTS IN TREATING FATTY AND OILY SUBSTANCES SO AS TO OBTAIN THE STEARINE AND OLEINE IN SEPARATE STATES.
Year: 1856

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to George Hills, of Bellmont Hill, Lee, in the County
of Kent, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN TREATING FATTY AND OILY
SUBSTANCES SO AS TO OBTAIN THE STEARINE AND OLEINE IN SEPARATE STATES.",
Sealed the 16th May 1856, and dated the 17th March 1856.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said George. Hills at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
17th March 1856.
I, GEORGE HILLS, of Bellmont Hill, Lee, in the County of Kent, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN TREATING
FATTY AND OILY SUBSTANCES SO AS TO OBTAIN STEARINE AND OLEINE IN SEPARATE
STATES," to be as follows:-
These improvements consist in the employment of muriatic acid, muriatic
acid gas, or nitric acid, or nitric acid gas, either alone or in conjunction with
dry sulphate of lime, or dry muriate of lime, or other substances capable of
absorbing water from the acids above named, such as dry muriate of magnesia,
&c.; also the use of sulphates and muriate of lime, for the purpose of enabling
the oleine to be separated by pressure or otherwise from the stearine from
fatty and oily substances.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the condition of the Letters Patent filed
by the said George Hills in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
17th September 1856.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, GEORGE
HILLS, of Bellmont Hill, Lee, in the County of Kent, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Seventeenth day of March, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-six, in the nineteenth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said George Hills, Her special licence that I, the said George Hills,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said
George Hills, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time
agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN TREATING FATTY AND OILY SUBSTANCES SO AS TO OBTAIN THE STEARINE AND
'OLEINE IN SEPARATE STATES," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the
said George Hills, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in
writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly
describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner
the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great
Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the
date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said George Hills, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement thereof, that is to say:-
The improvements constituting my Invention consist in treating oily and
fatty substances as follows:-The tallow, cocoa nut oil, or other substance to
be operated upon for the purpose of separating the elaine from the stearine
therein contained, is to be melted in any convenient kind of vessel at a heat
of about 110° Fahrenheit. To one hundred parts of the oily or fatty sub-
stances are to be added ten parts of dry sulphate of lime, or dry chloride of
calcium, in powder, (or other suitable substance capable of absorbing water
from liquid muriatic or nitric acid,) and well mixed with the fatty matters:
To every hundred pounds of fatty materials five pounds of muriatic acid of the
specific gravity 1170, or five pounds of nitric acid, are to be added, and the

page_text: 75 or
whole to be well agitated together for an hour; water is then to be added, and
heated to the boiling point by steam or otherwise, until the muriatic acid is all
absorbed from the fatty materials; the mixture is then allowed to settle, after
which the tallow or other fatty material is to be run off into shallow vessels to
cool. If any water remains mixed with the fatty materials, the materials
are melted again at a temperature of 180° Fahrenheit and again allowed
to cool, and when they have been brought down to the temperature of
80°, according to the quality in hardness of the stearine required, the
materials are pressed in the usual way of pressing stearic acid, when the elaine
will run off and leave the stearine, which may at once be made into candles.
Instead of adding liquid muriatic or nitric acid to the mixture of fatty
materials with the dry sulphate of lime or other equivalent material, a
stream of muriatic acid gas or nitric acid gas may be passed through the fatty
materials, which may be mixed or not with dry sulphate of lime, or other
equivalent material, and the mixture is then to be treated in the same manner
as if liquid muriatic acid or liquid nitric acid had been employed, as herein-
before described.
Having thus described the nature of my Invention, and the manner of
carrying the same into effect, I would observe that I do not limit myself to
the exact details & proportions herein-before described, as the same may be
varied without departing from the nature of my said Invention; but I claim
in respect thereof,-
Firstly, for the purpose of separating the elaine from the stearine of fatty
and oily matters, the employment of liquid muriatic or liquid nitric acid in
conjunction with dry sulphate of lime or dry chloride of calcium (or other
substance capable of absorbing water from either of the above-named acids),
as herein-before described.
Secondly, for the above-named purpose, the employment of streams of
muriatic acid gas or nitric acid gas, whether in conjunction or not with dry
sulphate of lime, or other equivalent material, as herein-before described.
In witness whereof, I, the said George Hills, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this Sixteenth day of September, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and fifty-six.
Witness,
JAMES DUBERLY,
Rye, Sussex.
GEORGE HILLS. (L.S.)