matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR FORMING BLOCKS OF WOOD INTO SHAPE, TO BE USED AS SOLES FOR BOOTS, SHOES, OR CLOGS, OR FOR OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Earnshaw and William
Green at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition,
on the 20th February 1860.
We, JOSEPH EARNSHAW, Bobbin Turner, and WILLIAM GREEN, Shuttle
Maker, both of Preston, in the County of Lancaster, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR FORMING
BLOCKS OF WOOD INTO SHAPE, TO BE USED AS SOLES FOR BOOTS, SHOES, OR CLOGS, OR
FOR OTHER PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
The improved machinery which we propose to employ for the above
purposes consists chiefly of two parts, namely, firstly, a fixed headstock carrying
a revolving spindle with fast and loose pulleys, together with a face plate
furnished with suitable cutting tools, and, secondly, a traversing slide (carrying
the block of wood to be cut or shaped) capable of being moved on a fixed bed
across the revolving face plate and also nearer to and further from the same,
the said fixed bed being also furnished with a template corresponding with the
form which is desired to be given to the block of wood. The slide is traversed
across the front of the face plate by means of a double-threaded screw, which
is mounted in the bed on which the slide traverses, and is turned by a winch
handle ; a spring nut attached to the slide works on this screw, the said nut
being capable of being withdrawn from the screw in order to bring the slide
back without turning the handle. A pin fixed into the slide passes into the
opening in the template attached to the bed, which, as the slide traverses,

page_text: draws the latter and the block of wood further from or presses it nearer to the
revolving face plate.
It will be evident that by varying the form of the cutters, and also the form
of the template, almost any desired shape may be given to the block of wood,
which is attached to the slide by a screw clamp.
We would also remark that the same effect may be produced by fixing
several blocks of wood on to the revolving face plate or on to a revolving drum,
whilst a cutter is fixed on to the traversing slide and acted upon by a template
of the required form.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN FIREPROOF WROUGHT-IRON SAFES, CHESTS, OR CLOSETS, IN LOCKS FOR THE SAME, AND OTHER PURPOSES; AND FOR CERTAIN APPARATUS TO BE USED IN CONNECTION WITH THE SAME
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Withers at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 27th April
1860.
I, GEORGE WITHERS, Patent Lock and Wrought-iron Safe Manufacturer,
of West Bromwich, in the County of Stafford, do hereby declare the nature of
my said Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN FIREPROOF WROUGHT-IRON
SAFES, CHESTS, OR CLOSETS, IN LOCKS FOR THE SAME, AND OTHER PURPOSES; AND FOR
CERTAIN APPARATUS TO BE USED IN CONNECTION WITH THE SAME," to be as follows
(that is to say):
My Invention consists, first, in making the outside plates of safes and
closets of iron and steel welded together, and reduced by rolling to the desired
thickness, which plates, in the last process, I purpose passing between rolls
that shall impart to them a series of ridges or chequers on one or both sides.
Plates thus made will, from their uneven surfaces, render the act of drilling very
difficult, and from the inside of the plate being of iron, it will bend and bulge
rather than crack or split from beating, and from such plates I purpose mainly
making the body of safes, chests and closets, as also for the outside and inside of
their doors or covers, for the better protection of the lock or locks of such doors.
Secondly, in the use of solid bands either on the outside or inside of such safes,
chests, and strong fireproof rooms, for securing the parts together. Thirdly, the
making the lock or bolt plate for receiving the lock bolt or bolts solid with the
plates of the inner body of the safe, chest, or closet. Fourthly, in finishing

page_text: the interior of such fireproof safes, chests, or rooms, by lining them with slate
or marble, or coating the inner surface of the plates with enamel, or lining
them with non-inflameable paper or woven fabric. Fifthly, in applying to the
Jocks used for such safes, chests, strong rooms, or other purposes of a simple
arrangement, that in case of any attempt being made to open such locks by
applying and exploding gunpowder or pickers to such locks, it shall have the
effect of further securing and holding the bolts of such lock or locks in their
position, which will not only indicate that an attempt has been made on the
lock, but will so fix its internal mechanism that the key will not unlock it until
the lock has been set to rights by a cipher or numeral adjustor, known only to
the owner or the manufacturer. And in connection with this apparatus, I
purpose also (when desirable) to connect a detent in such a way that the
moment the lock may be attempted to be picked or exploded, the detents shall
be freed, and discharge or free an alarm, and which alarm may be applied in
any convenient situation in or near the safe or closet, or neighbouring bed or
other room.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE COLOURING AND MANUFACTURE OF STRAW PLAITS
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George 'Gage at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 15th August
1860.
I, GEORGE GAGE, of Luton, in the County of Bedford, Chemist, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE COLOURING
AND MANUFACTURE OF STRAW PLAITS," to be as follows:-
My improvements in colouring or dyeing straw plaits relates to colouring
them only with the colouring matters known as maùve and magenta. I either
colour the straw, and afterwards form the plait thereof, or form the plait first
and colour it afterwards. To dye or colour of a mauve colour, I take one
pound of mauve, and dissolve it in about half a gallon of naptha and about
five gallons of water. For plain (or mixed colours, which will be herein-after
explained,) to produce light tints, I immerse the unmanufactured straw or
the plait in this solution while cold for, say, half an hour, more or less,
according to the tint. After submitting the straw to the solution, I then
place it in a paste composed of about one pound of indigo, two pounds
of sulphuric acid, and an alkali to neutralize the acid, say, one pound of
ammonia. The straw is allowed to remain, say, half-an-hour, more or less; it
is then removed and dried, when it is fit for use. This paste also has an
effect on the tint. For deep tints of single colours, I boil the straw in the
solution. In dyeing or colouring magenta colour, I take one pound of
magenta colouring matter, and combine it with half a gallon of naptha and

page_text: five gallons of water. I immerse the “unmanufactured straw or straw plaits
in this solution in a cold state for a longer or shorter time, according to the
tint required. When removed it is simply dried, and is fit for use.
My further improvements consist in manufacturing straw plaits with the
strands of the plaits, some arranged so as to present the enamelled side of
the straw on the exterior, combined with others having the soft side presented
on the exterior, the whole being arranged according to pattern or orna-
mentation desired. I then immerse these in a dyeing solution or colouring
matter for a sufficient length of time; the soft side of the straw will become
dyod or coloured, while the enamelled surface of the straw will remain
uncoloured and white, as originally, or it may have had the enamelled side
previously dyed of another colour. This I effect with solutions and colours
above mentioned, while cold only.
IMPROVE- MENTS APPLICABLE TO HORSE BITS
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Walker at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 11th July
1860. ⚫
I, ROBERT WALKER, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North Britain,
Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS APPLICABLE TO HORSE BITS," to be as follows, that is to say:-
This Invention relates to the connecting or applying of the reins to
horse bits in such a way as to give increased safety in riding or driving.
In carrying out the Invention the parts are arranged so that when tho
horse is going quietly, the reins act without the slightest severity, whilst if the
horse attempts to run away or pulls hard, the reins act with greatly
increased power, and this without the slightest adjustment being required at
the time.
According to one modification the rein is on each side connected to the bit
by two short straps or connections, one of which is fixed to the cheek of the
bit, whilst the other is fixed to the bar or downward projecting side piece of
the bit. The connection to the cheek is made elastic, whilst the other con-
nection is inelastic, and the two are so proportioned that the strain does not
act upon the strap attached to the bar until the elastic connection to the cheek
is somewhat elongated. With this arrangement it follows, that as long as
no great pull is required the strain acts only on the cheek of the bit.
but when the horse tries to run away and the reins are pulled hard up,

page_text: the strain also acts on the bars, and consequently with increased leverage
and power.
According to another modification the rein is on each side connected to a
lever jointed to the lower end of the side piece of the bit and held by a spring.
The parts are arranged so that when the strain is slight, it acts in the line of
the cheek, but on its being increased the spring is gradually overcome,
and the lever turns down, the strain ultimately acting in the line of
the lower part of the side piece, the effect being the same as with the first
modification.
The details of the arrangement are susceptible of further modifications, but
an essential feature is the use of a spring applied so that the line or direction
of the strain varies and acts with increased leverage as the reins are pulled with
increased force.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN APPARATUS APPLICABLE TO TURN-TABLES, SWING BRIDGES, CRANES, AND OTHER MACHINERY ACTING ON A PIVOT
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Ryde at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents with his Petition on the 2nd August 1860.-
A communication from abroad by Mr. Frédéric Paul, of 20, Rue Neuve
St. Augustin, Paris.
I, JOHN RYDE, of 27, Queen Street, Cheapside, Merchant, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVEMENT IN APPARATUS APPLICABLE
TO TURN-TABLES, SWING BRIDGES, CRANES, AND OTHER MACHINERY ACTING ON A PIVOT,"
to be as follows:-
This Invention for an improvement in apparatus applicable to turn-tables
swing bridges, cranes, and other machinery acting on a pivot, has for its
object to replace by a pivot with ball and socket, the pivots and rollers hitherto
applied to turn-tables of railways, swing bridges, cranes, and to every kind of
apparatus moving on pivots by a very extensive circular plate and thereby
to diminish the resistance of all the above-named apparatus. I obtain this
result by firmly fixing in the ground, by means of substantial masonry, a concave
half sphere of cast iron perfectly turned inside; the outside is strengthened
by ribs cast with it. The bottom of this half sphere is hollowed out cylin-
drically to admit the introduction into it of a pivot which is fixed at the bottom
of the convex half sphere, which exactly fits into the concave counterpart; this
sphere, strengthened inwardly by ribs, supports a floor, also of cast iron, on
which the rails are fixed, an opening covered by a trap allows of going into the
interior for the purpose of greasing, which is done by means of cups. The

page_text: spherical form is not the only one which I intend to employ; it will be allow-
able for me to give to my pivots forms ellipsoïdal or lenticular according to the
requirements of the work.
I reserve to myself the right of reversing the apparatus according to
the requirements of any machine to which I may apply it, that is to say, that 5
it will be allowable to place the convex sphere on the lower instead of the
upper part.
IMPROVEMENTS IN INSTRUMENTS FOR RECEIVING AND TRANSMITTING SOUND,. PARTICULARLY ADAPTED TO THE RELIEF OF DEAFNESS
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Francis Pratt at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his. Petition, on the 6th. December
1860:
I, JOSEPH FRANCIS PRATT, of Oxford Street, in the County of Middlesex,.
Surgical Instrument Maker, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN INSTRUMENTS FOR RECEIVING AND TRANSMITTING SOUND,.
PARTICULARLY ADAPTED TO THE RELIEF OF DEAFNESS," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in forming an instrument for improving the hearing-
of deaf persons in the following manner: -I employ for the purpose of
receiving the sound a hollow vessel of a bell or trumpet form, which vessel I
prefer to make of a paraboloidal shape, although I do not limit myself thereto..
From the interior of this vessel I lead two curved or bent tubes passing out
of the same and receiving upon them two elastic tubes which are furnished at.
their extremities with end pieces formed either to enter the ears or to cover
them as may be required. The receiving vessel, the tubes, and the end pieces.
may be formed of any suitable materials. I am aware that a receiving vessel
furnished with a single internal transmitting tube leading to one ear has before-
been used, but the arrangement before described,. and which constitutes. my.
Invention by transmitting the sound to both ears enables persons to whom the-
single instrument would be comparatively useless to hear with advantage.. It
also enables me to make the instrument perfectly self-supporting, and to give,.
to it various convenient forms in order to render it as little observable as.
Dossible.

page_text: My Invention further consists in placing within hearing instruments
resembling those previously described, a water, cushion, metallic spring, or
other vibrating substance for the purpose of modifying and softening the sound
transmitted to the ears.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN OR ADDITION TO APPARATUSES FOR SUPERHEATING STEAM
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by David Partridge at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 14th April
1860.
I, DAVID PARTRIDGE, of Woolwich, in the County of Kent, Engineer, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVEMENT IN OR
ADDITION TO APPARATUSES FOR SUPERHEATING STEAM," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to those apparatuses in which flame or the products of
combustion or other heating gases are caused to travel through, between, or
among tubes, spaces, or vessels containing steam, in order to dry, or as it is
termed, superheat the same; and my Invention consists in the adaptation to
such apparatuses of one or more dampers or valves in order to regulate the
draught through the same, whereby the temperature of the superheated steam
can be regulated at will.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUSES POR SIGNALLING, PARTICULARLY APPLICABLE TO MARINE ENGINE ROOM TELEGRAPHS
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Ridsdale at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 17th October
1860.
I, JOSEPH RIDSDALE, of the Minories, in the County of Middlesex, Engineer
and Brass Founder, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUSES POR SIGNALLING, PARTICULARLY APPLICABLE TO
MARINE ENGINE ROOM TELEGRAPHS," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to apparatus for signalling from the deck or other part
of a ship to the engine room, or from any one place to any other neighbouring
place by means of signals addressed to the eye combined with a warning signal
addressed to the ear, my improvements applying only to that part of the
apparatus which is employed for immediately producing the signals, and
not to those parts which are employed for transmitting motion from one place
to another.
In my signalling apparatus I employ a disc or drum (one or more)
fixed directly upon the main shaft marking the messages, which are to be
delivered upon the edge or circumference of the drum, by preference, anc
exhibiting the same by bringing them directly behind an aperture formed in
the casing of the disc or drum, so as to expose them singly to view as may
be required. I prefer to place the shaft vertical, and the disc or drum hori-
zontal, but I do not limit myself to this arrangement; the direct attachment
of the disc or drum to the shaft, and the employment of the parts as before

page_text: described, constitute this part of my Invention in so far as the communication
of sight signals is concerned.
In order to convey a warning signal by means of sound, I combine with the
arrangement before-described either a steam whistle, or a bell, or gong.
The steam whistle, when that is employed, is connected with the shafting of
the signalling apparatus in such manner that whenever a new message is
presented to the aperture a blast from the whistle shall be sounded. When a
bell or gong is employed I prefer to adopt the following arrangement:-I
place upon the main shaft of my apparatus (supposing it to be upright) a
toothed wheel so formed and arranged that on being turned it shall depress one
side of a rocking frame or lever, upon the other side of which is fixed a
hammer or striker so placed as to strike a bell or gong internally. The side
of the frame or lever upon which the toothed wheel acts is weighted suffi-
ciently to cause the hammer to rise from the bell instantly the blow is struck,
or a spring may be employed. The bell is supported by means of a bent arm,
which extends from the side of the case and carries the bell at its extremity.
These arrangements may, of course, be modified in various ways without
departing from the characteristic features of my Invention.
IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM ENGINES
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Bell and William Cutts
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on the
8th March 1860.
We, JOHN BELL, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Engineer,
and WILLIAM CUTTS, of Salford, in the said County, Engineer, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM
ENGINES," to be as follows:-
Our Invention relates to that class of steam engines known as horizontal
condensing, and consists of constructing and arranging them so that the air
pump with its necessary apparatus shall be above ground instead of being
placed in or about the foundation of the engine, or below the floor level as
heretofore adopted, the force-pump working with a short stroke, and the air
pump with a separate steam cylinder, crank, or other suitable means. We
also make the foundation plate hollow so as to act as the condenser, or we can
make the condenser independent of the bed if desirable.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Clark at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 1st December
1860. A communication from abroad by Mr. Joseph Matter, of 29,.
Boulevart St. Martin, Paris, Mechanician.
I, WILLIAM CLARK, of 58, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex,
Engineer & Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven- -
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to the application of regulators (so called) to looms..
These regulators consist of four cylinders of wood covered with cloth, or ridged
iron, a, b, c, d, as seen in the Drawing annexed; the cylinders are- set in.
motion by the foot of the operator by means of an iron wire e terminating at
the lower part of the loom; this wire is fixed above to the lever f, which is.
connected by axis g with a lever i; to this lever i is adapted a catch ke gearing
with a ratchet wheel 1, which, at each pressure of the foot of the operator
turns the wheel 1; this wheel is carried by an axis m, which is connected by
means of gearing with toothed wheels n & p, to which are fixed the cylinders
a&c, set in motion thereby. The cylinders 6 & d are kept in relation with
cylinders a &c by levers u & o connected to the body of the loom by springs,
to permit of the action of cylinders a, b, c, d. The levers f, h, i, have several
openings for attaching the wires according as it is wished to augment or
diminish the motion of the cylinders. The cylinder p on which the cloth is
wound when woven is set in motion by a strap crossed on cylinder b, the
action of which may be regulated by a weight q suspended from. pullies, and

page_text: taking effect on strap c. The motion of cylinders a & c is also regulated by a
binding stud, seen in the Drawing; this binding stud is placed behind the
toothed wheels n & p, and consists of an opening made in cylinder r, in
which is introduced a cork plug, so as to bear on axis t, against which it is
pressed by a screws; by tightening more or less the screw the motion of
cylinders a &c may be regulated at will. By these combined regulators cloth
may be woven of a uniform equality throughout its length. These regulators
are applicable to all kinds of looms for weaving, whether driven by water,
steam, or hand power.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MILK CANS
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Archibald Brooman at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
23rd April 1860.- A communication from abroad by Louis Pierre
IIuard, of Paris.
I, RICHARD ARCHIBALD BROOMAN, of 166, Fleet Street, in the City of
London, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MILK CANS," (communicated to me from abroad by
Louis Pierre Huard of Paris,) to be as follows:-
This Iuvention consists in constructing milk cans of thin sheet steel in
order to obtain lightness and durability, and in fitting them with covers in
such manner that the contents cannot be tampered with without the same
being discovered. The mouth of the can is narrowod, and is fitted with a
steel ring round the inside thereof, against which the sides of a conical capsule-
like cover rest; from the edge of the mouth of the can there rise two staples,
which pass through apertures provided for the purpose in the rim of the cover;
round the apertures through which the staples pass a dish or oup is formed for
the reception of sealing wax. Two bars are fitted to the cover and extend beyond
the edges thereof. The cover being applied to the mouth of the can, wax is
dropped into the cups round the two staples, and any desired seal or stamp
applied thereon; without breaking the wax the cover cannot be removed. To
open the can a few blows with a hammer under the projecting bars will break
the seals and the cover can be removed. To prevent the covers being lost they
are secured by a chain to the cans.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CHAINS
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Fanshawe Atkinson at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
23rd May 1860.
I, CHARLES FANSHAWE ATKINSON, of Sheffield, in the County of York, Steel
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "CERTAIN
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CHAINS," to be as follows:-
My Invention is designed for the purpose of producing or forming the links
of chains or chain cables without welding or rivetting them, and is more
particularly applicable to the manufacture of chains of steel.
The improvement consists in casting the links in the ordinary manner of
casting in a top-and-bottom box," one link being in a horizontal, and the
next in a vertical position, and having a core suitably arranged between the
links, so that each link is a separate and distinct casting, but linked within
each other in the mould. The links may be cast in any convenient number,
and the lengths joined together by casting one link round the two end
links or limits of two lengths or portions, and thus forming chains without
welding.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF MILLSTONES FOR GRINDING
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Carl Heinrich Roeckner at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 6th
February 1860.
I, CARL HEINRICH ROECKNER, of Marsh Street, Bristol, Somersetshire, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
CONSTRUCTION OF MILLSTONES FOR GRINDING," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to an improved mode of constructing millstones used
for grinding various mineral and vegetable substances or materials, and also
grain; and consists in combining metal with earthy or calcareous substances
or materials, such as gritstone, cement, or other calcareous substances, and
also siliceous substances or materials capable of withstanding the heat which
millstones are subjected to when in use. The modes heretofore practised of con-
structing millstones or abrading surfaces has been to make them either wholly
of metal or wholly of stone. In practice, stones or abrading surfaces made
wholly of metal are difficult, if not impossible, to dress, and millstones when
made wholly of stone, even of the most approved descriptions or qualities,
require frequent dressing. Now, the object and intention of this Invention is,
to render millstones more durable, more easily dressed, and requiring to
be less often dressed, than heretofore. I propose to effect this improvement
by constructing millstones of a combination of metal and calcareous sub-
stances, and also siliceous substances, as aforesaid, which may be effected
by employing strips or thin blocks of earthy or calcareous or siliceous sub-
stances or materials, either in their simple state or of one or more different
kinds combined together, and place the same in a circular flat mould at dis-

page_text: tances asunder, and then pour into the spaces, between each of the aforesaid
strips, molten metal, so that when the same is cold or set, the whole becomes a
homogenous mass, well adapted for grinding substances or materials as a sub-
stitute for metal or stone, when separately employed in the construction of mill-
stones, as above stated; or, I form a casting of metal with strips, and pour the
calcarcous substance or mixture of substances into the space therein.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN FIRE-BARS, AND IN THE MEANS OF ACTUATING OR SHIFTING THE SAME
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Josiah Swain at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 30th January
1860.
I, JOSIAH SWAIN, of Hyde, in the County of Chester, do hereby declare the
nature of my said Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN FIRE-BARS, AND
IN THE MEANS OF ACTUATING OR SHIFTING THE SAME," to be as follows (that
is to say)-
My improvements in fire-bars consist in imparting to them an oscilating and
vibratory motion by means of rockers geared together by segmental quadrants
or otherwise, the front rockers being connected with the back by means of a
strong connecting rod, and which rod at one end may be fitted or formed with
teeth for gearing it to a pinion, the turning of which by any suitable handle
will cause the rockers simultaneously to partially work on their axis, and
by which means the bars are alternately carried forward and backward; at
the same time one series will be raised behind and lowered in front, and the
other series raised in front and lowered behind; and by destroying the plane
of their position the fire will be disturbed and broken up, enabling the
atmospheric air to freely pass in and commingle with it.
I do not purpose
confining myself to the actuating of the bars and rockers by means of the
connecting rod, as before stated, as the same result may be produced by
applying a handle or a lever to the front or back axis of the rockers or to the
end of the connecting rod in any convenient way, the lever having its fulcrum
at some fixed point below the rod, and in large fire-places with heavy bars

page_text: I sometimes use two or more connecting rods. Fire-bars thus described are
applicable for all furnaces of a general character required for generating great
heat, the top of the bars being made straight or with indentations somewhat
like a saw or other suitable irregular form.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE ORNAMENTATION OF THE EDGES OF THE LEAVES OF PHOTOGRAPHIC ALBUMS ESPECIALLY INTENDED FOR CARTES DE VISITE
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Gillett at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 28th November
1860.
I, HENRY GILLETT, of the Firm of Messrs. Howell, James, and Company, of
Regent Street, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE ORNAMENTATION OF THE EDGES OF
THE LEAVES OF PHOTOGRAPHIC ALBUMS ESPECIALLY INTENDED FOR CARTES DE
VISITE," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to ornament or illuminate the edges of the
leaves of albums generally, but more especially those containing photographic
pictures known as "cartes de visite."
I propose ornamenting such edges with various designs, such as flowers,
designs in the style of Arabesque, Italian, Grecian, Alhambran, or any other
style suitable for such purpose, either plain or in colours, or gold, or gold in-
termixed with colours, such ornament being either printed, stencilled, painted
by hand, transferred, or placed upon the edges by any convenient process.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Jacob Peacock and John Garstang
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on
the 10th April 1860.
We, JACOB PEACOCK, of Blackburn, in the County of Lancaster, Agent,
and JOHN GARSTANG, of Preston, in the said County, Overlooker of Power
Looms, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING," to be as follows:-
Our Invention relates particularly to the treading motion, and our object
is to dispense with the treddles in ordinary use, which we accomplish by a
frame or apparatus in the shape of a bent lever. The said frame or apparatus
works on a shaft or bar revolving in bearings on the sides of the loom, on
which shaft or bar are two or more bosses; one of the said bosses works
a reciprocating band, chain, or other contrivance, the ends of the band or
chain being attached to a roller on each extremity of the frame, the necessary
tension being regulated by adjusting screws. The other boss or bosses give
the necessary motion to the healds for making the shed. The first motion
of the said apparatus is obtained by a crank from the tappet shaft or other
suitable means. We also joint a support or vertical bar to the side of the
loom in any convenient position, and connect it to the said frame or apparatus
by pins or pivots to allow it to move to and fro and keep the reciprocating
motion true.
IMPROVEMENTS IN AXLE-BOXES, AND IN NAVES OF WHEELS
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Archibald Brooman at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
27th December 1860.-A communication from abroad by Pierre Joseph
Bertrand, of St. Paul lèz-Dax, France.
I, RICHARD ARCHIBALD BROOMAN, of 166, Fleet Street, in the City of
London, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN AXLE-BOXES, AND IN NAVES OF WHEELS," (communicated
to me from abroad by Pierre Joseph Bertrand, of St. Paul lèz-Dax, France,).
to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in connecting the axle-boxes to the axles, and: the
naves to the boxes, by means of locks forming bayonet joints in such manner
that these parts are independent of each other. The axles are formed at each
end with cylindrical heads which are received in the inner ends of the axle
boxes, where they are retained by a collar, the circular opening in the face of
which is of less diameter than that of the cylindrical head.
The collar bas portions cut away which fit over projections on the outer sur-
face on the axle-box so contrived that on the collar being placed on the box and.
partially turned a bayonet joint is formed; keys to keep the joint secure are
afterwards employed. The nave is formed of a ring of iron or other suitable-
material with a side rising at right angles or nearly so therefrom, and with
ribs so formed as to leave a trapezoidal-shaped space between every two for
the reception of the inner ends of the spokes. A face plate to form the other
side of the nave is then applied and is secured by screws or bolts and nuts;

page_text: projections are formed on the outside of the box and apertures are made on
the inner face of the nave ring in such manner that on the nave being
pushed over the projections and partially turned a bayonet joint is formed
which is afterwards secured by keys or wedges.
IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR TRANSMITTING SIGNALS
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Edward Newton at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
11th January 1860.-A communication from abroad by Mark Runkel,
of New York, in the United States of America.
I, WILLIAM EDWARD NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery Lane,
in the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR TRANSMITTING SIGNALS," to be
as follows:-
This Invention of improved apparatus for transmitting signals consists in
the employment of a column of non-compressible liquid, such as water, for the
purpose of transmitting signals from one station to another. This column is
produced by connecting the two stations by a flexible tube of some water-tight
material, and the signals are produced by attaching a pump provided with
an indicator to each end of the column of water in such a manner that, by
giving motion to the plungers or pump pistons, a corresponding motion is
produced in the column of liquid, and which will rise or fall in the indicator;
by a series of such motions a full dispatch may be transmitted from one station
to the other.
AN IMPROVED COMPOSITION FOR STEEL MOULDERS
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Hollis at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 26th September
1860.
I, WILLIAM HOLLIS, of No. 6, Railway Arches, Victoria Station, Sheffield,
in the County of York, Mineral Grinder, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "AN IMPROVED COMPOSITION FOR STEEL MOULDERS," to be as
follows:-
First, I take common brick clay and completely dry it. Then I take burnt
fire-bricks of various sorts, and burnt fire-stones or burnt sand, these I grind
to a fine dust or powder, which if to be used for light castings, I put in more
of sand than for heavy castings. If for middle-sized castings, I put in an
equal quantity of each, but if for heavy castings, I put in rather more of burnt
fire-bricks. These are to be damped according to the fancy or requirements
of the individual.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPLYING CERTAIN WASTE OR REFUSE PRODUCTS TO THE PURIFICATION OF COAL GAS, AND IN UTILIZING COM- POUNDS OBTAINED IN PURIFYING COAL GAS
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Francis Wrightson at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 24th April
1860.
I, FRANCIS WRIGHTSON, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Pro-
fessor of Chemistry in Sydenham College, Birmingham, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPLYING CERTAIN WASTE
OR REFUSE PRODUCTS TO THE PURIFICATION OF COAL GAS, AND IN UTILIZING COM-
POUNDS OBTAINED IN PURIFYING COAL GAS," to be as follows:-
My improvements consist, firstly, in applying to the purifying of coal- gas.
such sewage of manufacturing towns and other places as contains sulphuret of
iron in addition to organic matter. The said sewage, after being dried, is
treated with mineral acids, whereby the sulphuret of iron is converted into
salts suitable for the purification of coal gas from. ammonia and sulpho-
cyanogen compounds.
My improvements consist, secondly, in applying to the purifying of coal
gas the liquid called pickle waste, that is to say, the acid liquid which has
been employed to clean iron in various manufacturing processes, such as the
manufacture of iron wire, and the cleaning of iron plates and articles to be
coated with zinc or galvanized. The said pickle waste contains super-salt of
iron and free acid, and I employ the salt obtained therefrom by evaporation,
for the purification of coal gas from ammonia and sulpho-cyanogen com-
pounds.
My improvements in utilizing compounds obtained in purifying coal gas are

page_text: as follows:-I distil sulphur from the residual product obtained in the said
purification, called ochre waste, sulphur waste, or spent oxide. I afterwards
treat the residuum with mineral acid, and obtain thereby salts of iron which
are suitable for the purification of coal gas from ammonia and sulpho-cyanogen
compounds. After use the ammoniacal salts are extracted by means of water,
and the residuum is boiled with milk of lime; peroxide of iron in the hydrated
state is thereby obtained, which may be applied afresh for purifying coal gas
from sulphur. In each case the salts of iron are mixed with some porous
organic substance, such as sawdust or shoddy.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS AND IN THE MEANS OF DRIVING THE SAME
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Sigismund Schuhman at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 5th September
1860.
I, SIGISMUND SCHUHMAN, of Burnley, in the County of Lancaster, Cotton
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS AND IN THE MEANS OF DRIVING THE SAME," to be
as follows:-
I regulate the tension of the cloth beam by spiral or other springs instead
of levers and weights, as thitherto used, and I place a catch or other mecha-
nical equivalent to put the springs out of action when the beam is required to
be emptied. I work the shed by placing a toothed wheel about the centre of
the driving shaft of the loom, which wheel works into another wheel of a
different number of teeth to give motion to a crank which gives motion to a
pulley, on which a strap or other similar means is fixed to work the heddles.
I beat up the slay by putting in each slay sword a kind of hinge or apparatus
to relieve the crank motion, the crank being connected to the tappet shaft and
slay swords by bent levers; I regulate the taking-up beam by what is technically
called the sun-and-planet motion. I work the picking motion by fixing a small
toothed wheel on the tappet shaft, which works into a larger toothed wheel on
the side frame, and to the said larger toothed wheel I fix an ordinary nose bit
to work the picking stick. I drive the looms from the main shaft instead of
the intermediate driving shaft by fixing a vertical shaft working into bevil
wheels on the main shaft, the said vertical shaft giving motion to a horizontal

page_text: shaft between the looms by means of bevil wheels or other suitable gearing,
the said horizontal shaft giving motion to each loom direct by bevil wheels or
other wheel gearing instead of the ordinary pulleys and straps. Or instead of
the said vertical shaft I drive the horizontal shaft by pulleys and a strap from
the main shaft, the wheel gearing being the same as above described, which
may be easily boxed off so as to avoid danger of accidents.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE PRODUCTION OF COLOURS FOR DYEING OR PRINTING
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Chambers Nicholson at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 28th January 1860.
I, EDWARD CHAMBERS NICHOLSON; of the Firm of Simpson, Maule, and
Nicholson, of Kennington Road, in the County of Surrey, Manufacturing
Chemists, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE PRODUCTION OF COLOURS FOR DYEING OR PRINTING," to be as
follows:-
This Invention consists in the employment of nitric acid in conjunction with
aniline, toluidine, cumidine, or mixtures of the same for the production of
colors. In carrying out this Invention I take nitric acid, to which I add
aniline, toluidine, cumidine, or mixtures of the same; I then heat the mixture
in a still or other convenient vessel until the color is sufficiently developed.
The colored product (the contents of the still) may be then extracted either
directly by boiling the same in water, or by dissolving it in a suitablo quantity
of alcohol. From these solutions the coloring matter may be prepared for use
by any convenient and well-known methods.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN HARNESSING HORSES OR OTHER ANIMALS TO CARRIAGES OR VEHICLES
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by François Joseph Ferry at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
23rd January 1860.
I, FRANÇOIS JOSEPH FERRY, of Rupert Street, in the County of Middlesex,
Locksmith, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN HARNESSING HORSES OR OTHER ANIMALS TO CARRIAGES OR VEHICLES," to
be as follows:-
I propose to harness one or more horses to a carriage in such wise that the
driver shall possess the means of setting the animal or animals free, and of
simultaneously stopping the vehicle by the shoe break, when from any cause it
may be necessary so to do. I will now only describe the method of harnessing
and releasing a pair of horses, (say from an omnibus), as, with modification,
the same means are employed for single horse or other vehicles; at present
the traces are fitted by a loop in the leather or chains to the splinter bar and
the top or end of the pole is immoveable. I propose to make the splinter bar
of more than one piece, and fix the traces thereto by means of a metal loop
through which will pass a screw firmly securing the trace in the bar. Under the
splinter bar and partly on or over the pole will be an iron plate on which a
lever will be constructed to act on the splinter bar and shoe break; from the
end of this lever a strap passes up and is attached handy to the coachman (or
a rod may impinge on the end of the lever by pressure of the foot). Tho
whole being in position the horses may be detached by merely pulling up (or
pressing down). the end of the lever which causes the upper part of the splinter

page_text: bar to rise, and releases the whole of the traces therefrom, the horses passing
onward carrying with them the end of the pole to which the bearing chains
are attached (which pole end I make to slip off,) and the shoe break falls,
being guided under the wheel or wheels by tie rods for that
purpose.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BEDSTEADS
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Gillespie at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 27th March
1860. A communication from abroad by Samuel Gillespie, of New
York, U.S. of America.
I, CHARLES GILLESPIE, of the City of Manchester, in the County of Lan-
caster, House and Furniture Painter, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN BEDSTEADS," as communicated to me
from abroad by Samuel Gillespie, of New York, U.S. of America, to be as
follows:-
The side rails of the bedstead are divided in or near the centre, and the
divided parts are hinged to the head and foot, so that they can be folded down
in a compact manner for removal, and easily thrown open on the hinges for
setting up, and by the aid of a dovetail or centre joint, be connected or dis-
connected with ease and facility.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF CERTAIN PARTS OF OIL LAMPS AND OTHER LAMPS
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederick Lambe at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 24th August
1860. A communication from abroad by Henry Coulter, of Philadelphia,
in the United States of America.
I, FREDERICK LAMBE, of Cushion Court, Old Broad Street, in the City of
London, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF CERTAIN PARTS OF OIL LAMPS AND OTHER LAMPS," com-
municated to me by Henry Coulter, of Philadelphia, U. S., to be as follows:―
This Invention is comprised under two heads or sections, the first relates to
an improved method of securing or holding and connecting the glasses, shades,
or chimneys of lamps thereto, and consists of a spring pin for that purpose
instead of a screw, as commonly employed; this improvement being designed
to prevent breakage of such glasses, shades, or chimneys arising from the
expansion of the glass when hot.
Under the second head or section of this Invention the improvement relates
to an improved method of constructing that part of the wickholder of lamps
having flat wicks, in which the mechanism revolves for raising and lower said
wick; and the present improvement consists in making such part solid with
the wickholder, by rivetting same thereto, instead of soldering same as hereto-
fore practised; the objection to this last mode being that the heat from the
flame of the wick frequently melts the solder and detaches the mechanism
employed to raise and lower the wick, and the above improvement is designed
to obviate this objection.
IMPROVEMENTS IN INSULATING MATERIAL FOR TELEGRAPHIC PURPOSES
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederic Newton Gisborne at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 13th
January 1860.
I, FREDERIC NEWTON GISBORNE, of Sydenham, in the County of Kent,
Engineer and Electrician, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN INSULATING MATERIAL FOR TELEGRAPHIC PURPOSES," to be
as follows:-
My Invention consists of an improved compound for insulating telegraphic
wires, and contains the following ingredients, viz. :-3 = three parts of bitu-
minous pitch or asphalte, 1 = one part of coal silicate or earthy substance,
1= one part and a half a part of gutta percha or other plastic gum, = half
a part of sulphur; 6 = six parts in all. I do not confine myself, however, to
these exact proportions, but claim the compound as based upon bituminous
substances as my Invention. The compound thus prepared is applied as primary
or secondary insulation, or as a preservative against insects or rot.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SPINNING AND DOUBLING
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel Cunliffe Lister and James
Warburton at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 12th December 1860.
We, SAMUEL CUNLiffe Lister and JAMES WARBURTON, of Manningham, in
the County of York, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN SPINNING AND DOUBLING," to be as follows:-
Our improvements consist in spinning and doubling wet yarns upon the
"cap frame" generally known as Danforth's spinning frame, and this we
accomplish by making the caps of materials that will not be injuriously
affected by the water, such as brass, china, or pottery ware, wood, glass, or
iron coated with non-oxidizing material.