CERTAIN IMPROVE- MENTS IN MACHINES USED FOR PREPARING TO BE SPUN AND SPINING COTTON AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES, AND FOR PREPARING TO BE WOVEN AND WEAVING SUCH SUBSTANCES, WHEN SPUN
Year: 1849

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JAMES
GREEN GIBSON, of Ardwick, near Manchester, in the County of Lancaster,
Machinist, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her present most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent under the Great Seal of the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, bearing date at Westminster, the Twenty-seventh day of January
now last past, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto
me, the said James Green Gibson, my exors, admors, and assigns, Her
especial licence that I, the said James Green Gibson, my exors, adñiors,
and assigns, or such others as I, the said James Green Gibson, my exors,
adors, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time
to time and at all times during the term of years therein expressed, should
and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within England, Wales,
and the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, my Invention of "CERTAIN IMPROVE-
MENTS IN MACHINES USED FOR PREPARING TO BE SPUN AND SPINING COTTON AND
OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES, AND FOR PREPARING TO BE WOVEN AND WEAVING SUCH
SUBSTANCES, WHEN SPUN," in which said Letters Patent is contained a proviso
obliging me, the said James Green Gibson, by an instrument in writing under
my hand and seal, particularly to describe and ascertain the nature of my
said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, and to cause
077

page_text: calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said recited
Letters Patent, as in and by the said Letters Patent, reference being there-
unto had, will more fully and at large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
James Green Gibson, do hereby declare that the nature of my said Invention
consists,―
First, inau improved construction of carding engines, which will enable them
to card cotton and other fibrous substances better than engines of the ordinary
construction.
Secondly, in certain improved combinations and arrangements of parts
applicable to drawing frames, roving frames, slubbing frames, and other
machines of the like nature, and constituting apparatus for stopping such
machines when any of the slivers or rovings with which they are fed break or
otherwise cease to be supplied.
Thirdly, in certain improvements in the machines generally known to persons
conversant with cotton spinning by the name of Dyer's Patent Tube Frames.
Fourthly, in an improved arrangement of top rollers applicable to the
drawing.rollers of drawing frames, slubbing frames, roving frames, throstles,
and mules, and other machines of the like nature used in preparing and
spinning cotton and other fibrous substances.
Fifthly, in an improved method of constructing rollers made of tin or other
sheet metal, to be used for mules, throstles, doubling frames, winding frames,
and other machines of the like nature used in spiuning cotton and other
fibrous substances, and in preparing to be woven such substances when spun.
Sixthly, in a self-acting apparatus to be attached to a loom for regulating
the tension of the yarn delivered by the warp beam according to the varying
diameter of such warp beam.
Seventhly, in an improved mode of stopping the loom when the shuttle fails
to box without the aid of the swell in the shuttle box, the absence of which
leaves the shuttle perfectly free at the time of picking.
Eighthly, in an improved mode of connecting the crank shaft with the slay
or batten of looms, which will cause the motion of the slay or batten to be
arrested when the shuttle fails to box, even though the crankshaft of the loom
may continue in motion, and which improvement will most materially diminish
the concussion from which looms, as ordinarily constructed, frequently suffer.
Ninthly, in an improved combination and arrangement of apparatus for
governing the taking-up motion by the presence of the weft, and for stopping
the loom by its absence.

page_text: Tenthly, in an improved apparatus applicable to looms for weaving ginghams
and other fabrics requiring two or more shuttles for the purpose of varying the
position of the shuttle box.
Eleventhly, in an improved method of connecting the picking stick with the
picking shaft.
Twelfthly, in uniting the fly wheels of looms to the loose pulley, so that
when the driving strap is moved from the fast to the loose pulley, the
momentum of the fly wheel is taken from the crank shaft, by which arrange-
ment the motion of the loom may be stopped without such injurious effects
as now result from the shock given by the stop finger acting against the frog
Thirteenthly, in an improved apparatus for holding the cloth in contact with
the taking-up roller.
Fourteenthly, in painting the links of the pattern chain used in weaving
ginghams or other fabrics requiring different colored wefts of the same colours
and in the same order as the pattern requires.
And lastly, in an improved loom for weaving, particularly applicable to
fabrics requiring several shuttles, in which loom the slay or batten remains
stationary or has only a very short traversing motion imparted to it, and the
breast beam, heddles, and back roller are made to advance towards and recede
from the recd.
And in further compliance with the said proviso I will now proceed to
describe the six Sheets of Drawings hereto annexed, from which Drawings
and the following description it will clearly appear how my said Invention may
be carried into effect.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
In Sheet 1, Fig. 1 represents a side elevation of a carding engine to which
my improvements are applied. Fig. 2 is a side elevation of part of a carding
engine shewing another modification of my improvements. Fig. 3 is a
sectional elevation of part of a drawing frame and part of my improved
machinery for stopping such frames when the slivers with which they are fed
break or otherwise cease to be supplied. Fig. 4 is an elevation of the above,
and of the mechanism for moving the driving strap from the fast to the loose
pulley. Fig. 5 is an end elevation of Fig. 4, and Fig. 6 is a plan view of part of
Fig. 4, on Sheet 2. Fig. 7 is a sectional elevation of part of a drawing frame,
shewing another of my improved methods of stopping such frames when the
slivers break. Fig. S is an elevation, and Fig. 9 is a plan view of the same.
Fig. 10 is a front elevation, and Fig. 11 a sectional elevation of a tumbler
forming part of the apparatus shewn in Figs. 7, S, and 9; and Fig. 12 is a

page_text: transverse section of the same tumbler, through the line A, B, on Fig. 10.
Fig. 13 is a transverse section of part of a drawing frame, to which another
modification of my improvements in stopping such frames is applied. Fig. 14
is an elevation of the same. Fig. 15 represents an end elevation, partly in
section, of part of a drawing frame, with other of my improvements in stopping
such frames applied thereto. Fig. 16 is an elevation taken from the back of
the machine; and Fig. 17 is a plain view of the same. Fig. 18 represents an
end elevation of my improvements in the machines used in preparing cotton,
and commonly known by the name of Dyer's frames. Fig. 19 is a frout
elevation of the same.
On Sheet 3, Fig. 20 represents a front elevation of my improved stand and
tube for Dyer's tube frames. Fig. 21 is a side clevation of the apparatus for
holding the bearing bush in which the tube revolves, as shewn on the right-
hand side of Fig. 20. Fig. 22 is a side elevation of the stand shewn in Fig. 20,
with the apparatus shown to the left-hand side of the same Figure for holding
the bearing bush in which the tube revolves. Fig. 23 is a section of part of
my improved tube for Dyer's frames, and Fig. 24 is a section of another part
of the same. Fig. 25 represents a sectional elevation of a set of drawing
rollers and its adjuncts, applicable to mules and other machines of the like
nature to which my improvements are applied. Fig. 20 is a plan view of the
same. Fig. 27 is a sectional elevation of my improvements in fixing the
shafts into tin rollers to be used in throstles, mules, doubling frames, and
winding frames, and other machines of the like nature. Fig. 28 is a front
view of part of the pieces shown in Fig. 27. Figs. 29 and 29 represent two
views of my improvements in jointing tin rollers.
In Sheet 4, Fig. 30 represents a side elevation of a loom for weaving
gingham or other fabric requiring two or more shuttles. Fig. 31 is an
end elevation of Fig. 30, showing the parts necessary for changing the position
of the shuttle boxes. Fig. 32 is a plan view of the shuttle box and its adjuncts.
Fig. 33 is a section through the reed, and shows the method of connecting
the crank arms to the slay swords. Fig. 34 is a plan view of an apparatus
for disconnecting the fly wheel from the crank shaft. Fig. 35 is a front
elevation of the same.' Fig. 36 is a side view of part of the pieces shown in
Fig. 34. Fig. 37 is an elevation of my improved self-acting apparatus for
weighting the warp beam, and Fig. 38 is a side view of part of the same
apparatus.
In Sheet 5, Fig. 89 is a front elevation of the loom shewn on Sheet 4.
Fig. 40 is another end elevation of the same, showing the taking-up motion,
and other parts in combination therewith, for stopping the loom when the

page_text: weft breaks, or the shuttle does not arrive in its proper position in the
shuttle box. Fig. 41 is a front view of the mechanism for disconnecting the
fly wheel with the crank shaft, partly shown in Fig. 30. Fig. 42 is a plan
view of the same, and of part of the weft stopping and taking up motions.
Fig. 43 is a front view of the fast pulley shewn in Figs. 30 and 42; and Fig. 44
is a section of the taking-up roller, and of the parts acting in connection there-
with, for tightening the cloth on the same.
In Sheet 6, Fig. 45 is an elevation taken partly in section of my improved
loom with moveable breast beam, heddles, and back roller, and Fig. 46 isa plan
view of the same.
In Sheet 1, Fig. 1, a represents the main cylinder of a carding engine, to
which my improved method of feeding is applied. b, b, are two lickers in,"
placed one above the other, and both of them are situated at the left hand end
of the carding engine. The doffer is placed to the right hand of the main
cylinder, or in the position itusually occupies with regard to the licker-in. d,d,
are the worker and clearer rollers, which occupy the circumference of the
main cylinder from near the upper licker-in to near the doffer.
c, c, are the
feed rollers, which are connected together by gearing shown by red lines, and
f, are the delivery rollers, the lower one being placed at a greater distance
from the main cylinder than the upper one to allow the lower feed lap to be
put into its place without coming in contact with the upper one. The caseingg
is placed under the upper feeding apparatus, and protects the lower one from
the dust and dirt which is struck out of the cotton by the upper licker-in.
It is unnecessary to enter more particularly into the details of the
carding engine, as it may be constructed according to any of the plans now
in ordinary use, my improvement consistingin applying two feeding apparatus
of the ordinary construction, or of the construction patented by J. G. Bodmer
in One thousand eight hundred and thirty-five, to the same side of the main
cylinder, thereby obtaining a doubling of the cotton at the carding engine,
and ensuring a more efficacious carding or combing of the fibres of the cotton,
the cotton being delivered to the main cylinder at two points instead of one as
in the usual way. Another advantage arising from the use of this arrange-
ment is, the facility it offers for combining different kinds of cotton, as each
of the feed laps may be made of a different sort of cotton. In Fig. 2 the
arrangement of the parts for feeding the cotton to the main cylinder of the
carding engine is very similar to that above described, the only difference
being that instead of having two delivering rollers and two laps of cotton, 1
propose to form a double lap, as shown at h, and to unwind the same by the
delivering roller i. One portion of the double lap is guided to the upper

page_text: feeding rollers by an endless belti¹ of the ordinary construction, and the other
portion to the lower pair of feed rollers by another endless belt . The knife
is placed between the two folds of the cotton forming the double lap, and is
for the purpose of separating them. This arrangement is less complicated
than the one previously described, and more easily applied to the carding
engines now generally in use. In the Figures 3, 4, 5, and 6, I have repre-
sented one of my improved modes of stopping drawing frames, slubbing
francs, roving frames, and other machines of the like nature. In these views
represents the roller beam, and the drawing rollers of an ordinary drawing
frame; m are the stands which are made to suit my particular arrangement
for stopping the frame; n is a plate attached to the bearings of the back
drawing roller, and serving as a guide to the slivers with which the drawing
frame is fed, and as a support for the guide pins o; p is another plate which
is fixed to the stand m. This plate is provided with a long slot, as seen in the
plan view, Fig. 6, and has small pins driven into it to retain the "floaters" q
in their proper positions. is the plate with holes in to guide the slivers;
s the stop rod; and t is a shaft placed under the plate p. The shaft t revolves
in bearings of the stands m, and upon it are fixed the feelers t¹, which have
projections cast to them. The object for which they are intended will be
explained hereafter. A rotary motion is given to the shaft t from the back
drawing roller, as seen best in Figs. 5 and 6. The pinion fixed on the back
roller, gears into the intermediate pinion 7, and this pinion gears into the
pinion, which is fixed to the boss of the mitre pinion 3 fitted loosely on the
shaft t. The bush is fixed to the shaft, and serves as an abutment for the
spring; the disc t is keyed on the shaft t, and is provided with two inclined
planes corresponding with two others on the back of the pinion t². t is a
mitre pinion mounted loosely on a stud v, fixed in a bracket attached to the
roller beam, and w is the strap guide bolted to the stop rod s. Into the boss
of the pinion v the lever v is fixed, and it is held in the position shown in the
Drawing by the counterpoise v3, also fixed to the pinion v.
Having now enumerated the various parts constituting my improved stop-
ping apparatus, I will proceed to describe their operation when the drawing
frame is at work, promising that each box of the drawing frame is supposed
to be supplied with six slivers, three of which are brought to each boss of the
drawing rollers, as seen in Fig. 6. The flonters q are made of different
lengths, as seen in Fig. 4, the centre ones being longer than those at each side,
for the purpose of reaching the two inner slivers of each drawing boss. As long
as the slivers continue to be supplied from the cans or receptacles c, they are
conducted through the holes in the guide plates r, and pass over the plate p,

page_text: and under the floaters q, which, being nicely balanced, are retained in a hori
zontal position by the substance of the sliver, the floaters 9 are heavy enough
to compress the slivers gently, and they are each made with a tumbler q', for
giving a preponderating weight to either side when the floater departs from its
horizontal position. As soon as a sliver ceases to pass under one side of the
floater, the sliver under the other side raises in a slight degree the side of the
floater above it, and consequently depresses the side that had before been held
up by the missing sliver. The floater then assumes the inclined position shown to
the left-hand side of Fig. 4, and it is retained in that position until the sliver
is pieced by the projections g², which come against the edges of the slot in the
plate p. The motion of the shapt t, which continues uninterrupted as long as
the slivers remain unbroken, is suddenly stopped when either of the floaters
assumes a diagonal position, by one of the feelers t¹ coming against the lower
portion of the floater, as seen in Fig. 4. The moment that the rotary motion
of the shaft t is arrested, the inclined planes on the back of the spur pinion t²
(which, being turned round by the back roller, continues to revolve for about
half a revolution), slide up the inclined planes fixed to the disc ', which is now
stationary, and move the spur pinion 2 laterally along the shaft, as shown by
the red lines in Fig. 6. By this means the mitre pinion 3 is brought into
gear with the pinion », and causes the latter to perform a small portion of a
revolution, or sufficient to move the lever into contact with the stud which
projects from the bolt for connecting the strap guide w to the stop rods, and
as much more as is sufficient to move the driving strap from
to the loose pulley a', as shewn by the red lines in Fig. 4.
gets on the loose pulley the frame is stopped, and the spring
mitre pinion 3 and spur pinion t into their proper positions, in which they
remain until the sliver has been pieced. The machine may be started again
by the usual starting lever, which acts on the stop rod s independently of my
improved apparatus. The length of the dwell at the top of each of the
inclined planes fixed to the disc t and pinion 2 must be varied according to
the breadth of the driving strap, so as to prevent the mitre pinions vaud (3
from remaining in gear longer than is necessary for stopping the frame.
the fast pulley <
When the strap
pushes back the
The stopping apparatus which I am now going to describe, with reference to
the Figs. 7, 8, and 9, on Sheet 2, resembles in some respects the one above
described, and I shall consequently make use of the same letters of reference
to denote corresponding parts. The roller bean supports in like manner the
stands m, rollers l, plates n, p, and 7, stop rod s, and the shaft t, but this latter,
instead of being provided with the feelers ", is only furnished with therequisite
uumber of pins or studs t*, which are made of strong wire driven tight into

page_text: the shaft.
I have in this instance supposed that each boss of the drawing
rollers is supplied with four slivers or rovings, as seen by the red lines in
Fig. 9, and these slivers are made to act on the tumblers 1, 1, each of which
is acted upon by two slivers. The tumblers 1 are seen best in the detached
views, Figs. 10, 11, and 12, and they are supported by the studs 2 bolted to
the brackets 3, fixed to the roller bean . The studs 2 are round in the
part which supports the tumblers, but the tumblers are made square where
they fit on the studs, as seen in Fig. 10, and they are chambered out as seen
in Fig. 11, in order to reduce the bearing surface. The projecting pieces
marked 1*, in Figs. 10 and 11, are for the purpose of protecting the studs 2
from dirt and dust. The plates are made with slots in them, as shewn
in the plan view, Fig. 9; and the horns 4, which serve as guides to the
slivers, are screwed from underneath to the plates p. The slivers, in coming
from the cans or receptacles, are passed through the holes in the plates r, and
laid in the space between the tumblers 1 and horus 4, as seen in Figs. 8 and
9; they then pass over the plate n, and between the guides o, to the fluted:
rollers, in the manner previously described. The shaft t, which is supposed
to be furnished with the requisite apparatus for moving the driving strap from
the fast to the loose pulley, shown and described with reference to Figs. 4, 5,
and 6 of Sheet 1, is in constant motion as long as the slivers continue to be
regularly supplied, because the pins ts pass unobstructedly through the notch 5
in the tumbler 1, the tumber being held vertical by the sliver at each side of
it. As soon as a sliver breaks the tumbler departs from its vertical position
and assumes a slanting one, as seen to the left-hand side of Figs. 8 and 9,
being pushed into that position by the sliver which has remained unbroken in
thespace marked 6 in Fig. S. When the tumbler assumes a slanting position
in either direction, the pin t comes in contact with the edge of the notch 5,
and arrests the progress of the shaft t, in the manner already described in
referring to the Figs. 4, 5, and 6. The edges of the notch 5 are made to
slant in the direction shown in the section Fig. 12, and the ends of the
pins are flattened. By these means it will be evident that as soon as the
end of the pin t* comes against the edge of the notch 5, the shaft will be
prevented from revolving until the failing sliver has been replaced. The
tumblers 1 are cast very light, so that their position may be readily changed
by the expanding of the slivers under operation; but if it should be found
requisite to make them still more easily acted upon by the sliver, I propose to
make them with a counterpoise below the fulcrum 2, as seen at 1, in Fig. 8.
Figures 13 and 14 represent another modification of my improved mode of
stopping drawing frames, slubbing frames, roving frames, and other macliines

page_text: of the like nature. In these views the vibrating tumblers 10 are supported
by the studs 11, which are fixed into the brackets 12, secured to the roller
beam. The horns 4 are similar to those described in reference to Figs. 7,
8; and 9, and answer the same purpose. The shaft t is also provided with
feelers t¹; like those described in reference to Figs. 3, 4, 5, and 6, and the
end of the shaft t, near the driving pulley, is furnished with an apparatus for
moving the driving strap, as also shown in the same Figures. As long as
the slivers remain unbroken, the feelers ti pass through the notch in the lower
extremity of the vibrating tumblers 10, but when a sliver breaks the bibrating
tumbler, which had before been held in a vertical position by the slivers at
each side.of.it, assumes a slanting direction, as shown at the right-hand side
of Fig. 14, and one of the projections from the fceler t¹ will come in contact
with the edge of the notch at the lower extremity of the vibrating tumbler
10, thereby arresting the rotary motion of the shaft, and moving the driving
strap from the fast to the loose pulley, by the agency of the inclined planes
on the disc to and spur pinion t, and other parts herein-before referred to in
describing the Figs 3,4,5, and 6. The bracket 12 is so constructed that when
the feeler t' comes in contact with the vibrating tumbler 10, the back of the
said tumbler comes against the bracket 12, and prevents it from being injured.
In the Figs. 15, 16, and 17, I have shown another combination of parts
for stopping a drawing frame, when either of the slivers with which the
frame is supplied ceases to enter the frame; and I wish it to be understood
that these, and all the other modifications of my Invention previously
described, are equally applicable to roving frames, slubbing frames, and other
machines of the like nature. In Figs. 15, 16, and 17 the slivers pass over
the plate p, and under the floaters 13, which are very similar to those
previously described in reference to Figs. 3, 4, 5, and 6 of Sheet 1. These
floaters are supported by a wire passing between the two horns of the bearings
14, which are fixed from underneath to the plates p. Near each extremity of
the floaters 13 are riveted the pins 16, which project downwards, as seen in
Fig 16. The stop rod s remains in a slanting position as long as the slivers
remain unbroken, and to it are fixed the angle pieces 17, and the feeling finger
18. The fast pulley z and loose pulley ¹are on the end of the front roller, in
the usual manner. The back roller is furnished with a disc 19, having two pro-
jections, which act upon the lever 20, seen best in Fig. 17; this lever bears
against the feeling finger 18, fixed on the stop rods, and as thestop rodisalways
drawn back in the direction of the arrow shown in Fig. 16, by the action of
the spring 21. it is evident that the feeling finger 18 will always remain in
contact with the lever 20, and by the same means the lever 20, after being
R

page_text: moved from the disk 19 by the projections before mentioned, will be drawn
towards it again. Thestrap guide 22 is attached to the lever 23, which vibrates
upon a stud fixed in the upright 24, shown in Figs. 15 and 16. So long as
the silvers continue to pass under the floaters 13, the stop rod s remains in a
slanting direction, and the angle pieces 17 pass under the pins 16 without
touching them, but as soon as a sliver breaks, the floater, under which the
failing silver had passed, loses its equilibrium, and one of the pins 16, by
coming in contact with one of the inclined planes of the angle pieces 17
causes the rod s to assume a vertical position, as shown by the red lines in
Fig. 15; the feeling finger 18 is at the same time depressed, and drops between
the levers 20 and 23, in such wise that at the next elevation of the lever 20,
by the projections on the disk 19 the lever 23 and strap guide 22 are moved
so as to bring the driving strap from the fast to the loose pulley, and thereby
stop the frame.
The above-described machinery will be sufficient to illustrate my improve-
ments in the apparatus for stopping drawing frames, roving frames, and
other machines of the like nature, but I am well aware that various
other modifications of the same may be devised without departing from the
nature of my Invention. I will now proceed to describe my improvements in
the machines generally called Dyer's Patent Tube-Frames, which are shown.
in Figs. 18 and 19 of Sheet 2, and in Figs. 20, 21, 22, 2:, and 24 of Sheet 3.
In Figs. 18 and 19, a represents part of the main framing; b, the
roller beam; c, the driving shaft, and d, d, the two sets of drawing
rollers. All these parts are placed in their usual positions, but in my improved
frame it is necessary that the boss or fluted portion of the drawing rollers
should be considerably longer than heretofore to give room to double the
number of slivers, which are requisite to supply the two rows of tubes e and f.
The tubes e are placed in their ordinary position, and the tubes fare placed
above them, as clearly shown in the Drawings. The driving shaft c has a
pinion el fixed to it, which gears into the wheel g, revolving on astud fixed to
the main frame a. To the wheel g is cast the circular row of bevelled
projections gl, which take into corresponding openings in the conical disk h.
This disk and the bevelled projection gl form, when fit into each other, the
expanding groove pulley, shewn in Figs. 18 and 19. Similar expanding
pulleys have been made before, and applied to other purposes. The band ¹
passes partly round the expanding pulley, and gives motion to the grooved
pulleys el and, as seen in Fig. 18, and the small pulley 2, working onastud
at the end of a weighted lever ³, gives the requisite tension to the band. The
tube stands vibrate with their axis, and are made of about the same length

page_text: upper
as those in ordinary use; but the tube stands are long enough for the
row of tubes f. These tubes e and fare turned round by the pulley 7, shown
by dotted lines in Figs. 18 and 19, and the strap for communicating the
motion is guided to and from the tubes by the rollers 11, 12, and 1*, and by the
ordinary tightening pulley, which is not shown in the Drawings. The
expanding pulley is now shewn at its largest diameter, or in its proper position
for giving the greatest speed to the winding-on rollers e and f; but in
proportion as the spools e³ and f3 become filled with rovings, the disk h,
and the circular row of bevilled projections g', forming together the expanding
pulley, are moved asunder by the following means, thereby diminishing the
diameter of the expanding pulley, and reducing the speed of the rollers e² and
To the rack which gives the traversing motion to the copping slide, and
which is not shewn in the Drawings, being a well known part of the Dyer's
frames, is attached the flat bar m, from which projects the inclined plane
m', which at each traverse of the above-mentioned rack acts on the lever m³.
The lever me vibrates on the end of the stud m³, which passes through the
stud on which the expanding pulley and wheel g revolve. The click m4,
seen by dotted lines in Fig. 18, is hinged to the lever m2, and takes into the
teeth of the ratchet wheel m³. A thread is cut in the interior of the boss of
the ratchet wheel, which takes into a screw cut on the stud m³, and each
vibration of the lever m² turns the ratchet wheel partially round in such wise that
the disk is at liberty to be moved further from the wheel y, by the pressure
of the band ', fitting in the groove of the expanding pulley, and which is kept
to the requisite tension by the weighted lever ³, before referred to. The stud
m³ is preveuted from turning round with the ratchet wheel m³ by a small pin
projecting from the stud m³, taking into a recess in the stud on which the
expanding pulley revolves. The number of teeth in the ratchet wheel mu, and
the pitch of the screw on which it works, must be regulated according to the
rovings under operation.
On referring to Figs. 23 and 24 of Sheet 3, it will be seen that I construct
the tubes of Dyer's frames of two pieces, connected together by the pin n,
which enters into the notch n¹, made to receive it in that portion of tube on
which the driving strap acts, as seen in Fig. 20, being hollowed out for the
purpose of lightening the same. When the tubes are put together 1 place a
bush o over cach end of the tube, and drop the whole into the bearings made
in the stands i to receive them, as seen in Fig. 20. The bushes o may be held
in their place by eye bolts p, as shown to the left-hand side of Fig. 20, and in
Fig. 22, or they may be held by the hook bolts 2, as seen on the right-hand
side of Fig. 20, and in Fig. 21. In those cases where the button tubes are

page_text: used, I propose to cut one of the bushes o into two halves, and then place the
bushes and tube in the stands as before described. By constructing the tubes
as shown in Figs. 23 and 24, they will be lighter and easier to repair when
worn out than those now in use, and by causing the tubes to revolve in the
bushes o, instead of in the stands, it is evident that when the bushes o are worn
out they may be replaced by new ones, without having to substitute new
stands, as is now the case.
Another improvement in these frames consists in making the presser 1 much
shorter than those in ordinary use, and fitting them against an abutment
marked s, on the tube stand i, and shown by dotted lines, by which means they
will be much firmer and less liable to get loose than those constructed according
to the mode now known and in use. By constructing the tubes in two pieces,
as shown in Figs. 23 and 24, the end t by which the roving is delivered to the
spool, may be changed to suit the size of the roving required without changing
the other portion of the tube; it will therefore only be necessary to have the
requisite changes in the ends t, instead of having complete tubes for each size
of roving required.
On Sheet 3, Fig. 25 represents a transverse section of a set of drawing
rollers and its adjuncts, applicable to throstles, mules, and other machines of
the like nature. Fig. 26 is a plan view of the same. A is the front drawing
roller, B the centre roller, and C the back roller; D, D, are the top rollers,
and E is a small roller supported by the back roller C, and held in its proper posi-
tion by the capbar F. The roller E may be fluted or covered with some yielding
material, but I prefer the latter. The red line shews the yarn or roving with
which the drawing rollers are supplied. The requisite amount of pressure is
given to the roller E by a weighted hook or by the spring G, as shown in the
Drawing. The object of this roller is to ensure a more perfect draught between
the centre roller B and back roller C. In the present system of constructing
drawing rollers it is not possible to give more than a very slight draught
between the back and centre rollers, because the top rollers being made of
sufficient length to press upon two bosses of the drawing rollers, it frequently
happens that when one side of the top roller is raised up by any extra thick-
ness of the cotton passing over the back roller, the other side will be raised
also and allow the cotton to pass through without being stretched. By
applying the roller E in the mauner above described; the cotton passing over
the back roller is more firmly held, and enables a draught of about from one
to two or more or less to be given to the cotton under operation between the
back and centre drawing rollers, thereby increasing the amount of stretch in
the whole of the drawing rollers, and performing the operation with more

page_text: regularity. His a ruler placed between the centre and front drawing roller to
prevent the cotton from lapping round the centre roller. The shape of the
ruler is clearly shown in the Drawing, and it is fixed to the bearing I, in which
the centre roller revolves; this bearing is made independent of the bearing for
the back roller, and therefore its distance from either of the other two rollers
may be regulated according to the staple of the cotton or other substance under
operation. A similar straight edge may in like manner be introduced between
the centre and back rollers, if found necessary.
Fig. 27 represents a longitudinal section of a portion of a tin roller appli-
cable to mules, throstles, doubling frames, winding frames, and other machines
of the like nature. As these rollers are usually made in great lengths it is
necessary to have intermediate bearings between the two end ones, K repre-
sents the intermediate bearing of a roller which may be attached to the car-
riage of a mule, or to any suitable fraining, when these rollers are applied to
other machines, L is the coupling shaft, and M are four cast-iron centre
pieces for supporting the ends of the tin roller. The pieces M are made with
long bosses, which are split open, as shewn by the dotted lines in the Drawing,
and they are provided at their extremity with a hoop N, through which a set
screw is tapped, by which each centre piece is tightened on the shaft. As a
further precaution against the centre pieces getting loose on the shaft, I make
a groove in each of them, and fix corresponding keys in the shaft L. When
the coupling shaft has become worn in the bearing K, I slacken the set screws
in the hoops N, and by drawing the shaft endways in either direction a fresh
working surface is brought into the bearing K, the shaft L being made long
enough for that purpose. Although the Drawing shews only the application
of my improvements to the intermediate bearings of tin rollers, it is evident
that the same may be applied with very slight alterations to the end bearings
of such roller. In this case, instead of drawing the shaft further out of the
roller, in order to get a fresh working surface for the bearing, a new shaft end
may be substituted for the one worn out, if found more convenient. By thus
constructing tin rollers the end journals can easily be repaired without taking
the roller out of the machine in which it is used.
Another of my improvements in constructing tin rollers consists in making
the recess, by means of which one plate of tin, or other sheet metal, forming
part of such roller, is prepared to enter into the plate adjoining it. By
forming three or other suitable number of shallow recesses, such as those
marked P in Figs. 29 and 29*, the intermediate surface. of the recessed end
of the plate will be made parallel to the outer surface of the roller, conse-
quently when the next adjoining plate is fit on, as shewn by red lines in

page_text: Fig. a good joint wil be made.
The recesses I may be made many
convenient way; but I should recommend the use of swageing rollers, pro-
vided with the necessary projection and groove, for giving the shape to the end
of the plate shewn in Fig. 29.
Having now described those parts of my Invention relating to the machinery
to be used in the preparing and spinning of cotton and other fibrous sub-
stances, and in preparing such substances to be woven, I will proceed to
explain those parts of my Invention relating to machinery used in weaving
these last-mentioned improvements, being shewn in the various Figures of
Sheets 4, 5, and 6.
In Sheets 4 and 5, a represents the crank shaft of the loom, which gives
motion to the tappet shaft b by the spur wheels a¹ and 61, shewn by red lines
in Figs. 31 and 40, in the ordinary manner. c, c, are the crank arms con-
nected to the crank shaft a by bridles and cotters, and to the slay swords d by
the peculiar arrangement herein-after to be described. e represents the warp
beam; the back roller, over which the warp is taken; and g the breast
beam, which guide the fabric to the taking-up roller h. My improved method
of taking hold of the cloth in passing under this roller is seen best in the
detached Fig. 44, and will be referred to hereafter. is the large shuttle box,
containing four compartments,but this number may be increased or diminished
to suit the fabric to be produced; and is the picking stick attached to-the
picking shaft ¹, seen in Figs. 30 and 31.
I have now enumerated the principal parts of which the loom is composed,
and will describe in detail my improvements as applied thereto. The method
of regulating the tension of the yarn, according to the varying diameter of the
warp beam e, is effected by the following arrangement:-The shaft l, see
Figs. 30 and 31, which revolves in bearings placed under the warp beam, is
furnished with the two screws cut upon it in opposite directions. This shaft
has a slow revolving motion imparted to it by the change pinion e, fixed on the
shaft of the warp beam e; the pinion e¹ takes into an intermediate pinion e2,
which works in the wheel, fixed on the screw shaft 7. The screw nuts are
furnished with upright pins 3, which enter into slots made to receive them in
the picces m, which project from the weights m². These weights fit easily on
the leversm; the fulcrum of which are the studsm³ attached to the loom sides.
The cords 3 are passed in the usual way around the flanges of the warp beam,
and attached below to the weighted levers m². When the warp beam is
nearly full of warps, as seen in Fig 30, the weights m' are near the extremi-
ties of the levers m², and therefore they exert the greatest pressure on the
warps, but in proportion as the warp beam is turned round, in order to deliver

page_text: the warp to the loom, the shaft is also turned round; and as the left-hand
screw is placed to the left-hand side in looking at Fig. 30, and the right-hand
screw to the right hand of the same Figure, it is evident that the nuts,
and pins, will draw the weights m¹ gradually down the levers m², thereby
diminishing the distance from the weights m' to the fulcrum studs m³, and
reducing the tension on the cords e to suit the corresponding diminution in
the diameter of the warps on the warp beam. The relative diameters of the
pinion e¹, and wheel ', and the pitch of the screws on the shaft l, must be so
calculated that when the whole of the warps have been unwound from the
warp beam ", the weights m' will be nearer to the cords es, and the number
of teeth in the pinion e' must be changed to suit the yarn forming the warp.
Another modification of this apparatus is shewn in the detached Figs. 37
and 3S. In these views, the screw 4 is contained in the weight lever m³, and
the weight m', consisting of a box capable of being more or less loaded, is
supported by rollers m on the upper edge of the lever m³. A screw nut m",
seen in dotted lines in Fig. 37, is let into the weight m' from above, and takes
into the screw 4, being held down by a spring fixed to the weight. The
lever m³ is connected with the warp beam by the hook 15; and to the end of
the screw a wheel 1, corresponding to the wheel 71 in Figs. 30 and 31, if
attached. It is necessary to remark that the intermediate wheel for giving
motion to the wheel " would have to be broad enough on its face to remain in
gear with the wheel when the same is in a slanting position, as shown in
Fig. 37.
In Figs. 39, 40, 41, and 42, are shown my improvements in the parts of
the loom necessary for taking up the cloth, and for moving the strap from the
fast to the loose pully in the absence of the weft, and in case the shuttle does
not arrive in its proper position in the shuttle box. The shaft n vibrates in
bearings attached to the slay swords d, and near one end of it is fixed the long
lever n', the upper portion of which is provided with a feeler 7, entering into
a slot in the small shuttle box i¹. The lower portion of the lever n' is con-
nected by a spring n³ to the lever o, seen also in Fig. 30, which hinges on a
stud fixed to the loom side near the crank shaft. The lever o makes two
vibrations for every revolution of the tappet shaft v, by the double cam /
acting against a projection from the lever o, as seen in Figs. 30 and 40. By
this arrangement of levers, the feeler n², which is faced with gutta percha or
other slightly elastic material, is made to feel for the shuttle at every revo-
lution of the crank shaft. When the shuttle has arrived in its proper position
in the shuttle box, the feeler n² comes in contact with the shuttle, and cannot
enter into the box, the lever n' remaining in the position shown in Fig. 40,

page_text: 2
and the lever o vibrating backwards and forward, acting only on the spring n³,
which retains the lever o in contact with the double cam 62. If the shuttle
should not arrive in the shuttle box ¹, the feeler 2 enters into the shuttle box,
and the link n (hinged to the lower portion of the lever n' at the point corre-
sponding to the centre of the shaftd, on which the slay swords dvibrates), im-
parts a slight motion to the vertical lever p, the fulcrum of which is the studp¹,
fixed to the loom side. The upper end of the lever p enters into the sliding
piece 2, which is made to move freely in the horizontal lever q¹. Near the left-
hand extremity of the sliding piece is an elevation q², which is acted upon by
the cam a² fixed on the crank shaft a. So long as the shuttle continues to
enter into its proper position in the shuttle box i¹, the elevation q² remains in
the position shown in Fig. 40, and the cam a revolves without acting on the
lever q; but when the shuttle does not enter properly into the shuttle box i¹
the lever moves the slide by the means above described, and brings the
clevation under the cam a³, which depresses the left-hand end of the lever
q¹, at the same time elevating the right-hand end and raising the pin 7, which
projects from the horizontal lever r¹, as seen best in the plan view, Fig. 42.
When the lever is elevated it brings the pin r into contact with an in-
clined planes, attached to the ordinary spring lever s', thereby disengaging
the spring lover from the catch in the lever holders in the ordinary manner.
Under the slay, and in the place ordinarily occupied by the stop rod, is placed
the shaft t, seen best in Figs. 33, 39, 40, and 42, which moves in bearings
projecting from the slay swords d. These bearings must be provided with
caps, so that the shaft can easily be taken out of its bearings when the
caps are removed. To the shaft are fixed the levers t¹ and 2, as seen in
Fig. 39. These levers project downwards, and pass over slots in the swords
d, through which the ends of the crank arms a project, and come in con-
tact with the said levers 1 and 2, thereby giving the forward motion to the
slay or batten, the back motion being imparted to the same by the pins d¹,
which instead of passing through round holes in the crank arms, pass through
the long slots c¹, so that when the levers t¹ and t² are removed sideways
from the openings in the swords d, the crank arms pass through the
openings in the sword without giving any further advancing motion to the
slay or batten. The lever t¹ is continued downwards, and is bent over the
shaft n, and over the shaft d, which serves as fulcrum for the slay to vibrate
upon; near the lower extremity of the levert, and in a line with the shaft d
the said lever comes in contact with a pin u projecting from the lever u¹, the
fulcrum of which is the stud u fixed into the loom side. The lever t is
continued downwards below the shaft d², and the spring 3, shown in Fig. 40,

page_text: attached at one end to the lever 1, and at the other end to the bracket d
fixed to slay swordd, retains the levert in its proper position, when it is acted
upon by the crank arms cas herein-before described. At the upper extremity
of the lever u¹ is hinged the lever already referred to, and a little below the
lever is hinged the click ", which gives motion to the ratchet wheel
On the same stud as the horizontal lever, butinside of the framing, ishinged
the bent lever v, shown by dotted lines in Fig. 40, and shown distinctly in
Fig. 42. The shorter arm of the lever is depressed at every revolution of
the crank shaft by the cam a³, also shown by dotted lines in Fig. 40, and con-
sequently the longer arm is elevated. The end of the longer arm is bent
upwards, and is slightly bevelled, and has a notch in it for catching hold of
the pin 2 whenever the said pin is over the notch in the bent portion of the
lever when the said lever is elevated, but this only occurs when, owing to
the breaking of the weft thread, or the absence of the shuttle in either of the
shuttle boxes, the lever remains in the position it now occupies in Fig. 40;
the depression of the short end of the lever v, and elevation of the longer end,
being so timed that the pin is always withdrawn from over the upward bent
end of the lever when the same rises, unless owing to some accident the
shuttle does not "box" or the weft breaks. If the rising of the lever v
elevates the pin, the pin, by coming against the inclined planes, will move
the driving strap from the fast to the loose pulley, as has been beforedescribed.
When the loom is regularly at work, and at the time when the reed is close to
the cloth that has been woven, the combined resistance and substance of the
weft against the reed cause the crank arms to move the levers t¹ and t2 for a
short distance in the direction of the arrow in Fig. 40; by this action the
pin, by acting on the lever u¹, causes the click to move the ratchet
wheel through that portion of a circle equal to the length of the tooth, the
ratchet wheel being held there by the pall 5. As the resistance against the
reed will vary according to the fabric that is being woven, I have applied a
counter-weight ue to the end of the horizontal arin of the lever u¹ for the
purpose of keeping the stud u in contact with the end of the lever t¹. The
weight u must be changed to suit the weft that is being woven.
On the
same stud as the ratchet wheel u is placed the pinion 7, which takes into the
teeth of the wheel 'fixed on the shaft of the taking-up roller h. The sliding
of the shaft t, so that the levers and may be moved from opposite the ends
of the crank arms c, is effected by the inclined plane q3 on the horizontal
ever q, as seen in the plan view, Fig. 42. This inclined plane, on being
levated by the lever g, comes in a line with the snaft t, the end of which is
evelled off to suit the inclination given to the inclined plane q³, consequently

page_text: when the slay is moving forward, the shaft end, instead of passing over the
inclined plane q³, as it usually does, comes in contact with it, and thus
receives the lateral sliding motion before referred to, thereby allowing the
crank arms to pass through the swords d, as seen in Fig. 33, and preventing
the injury to the cloth or yarn and the rced, which would occur in looms of the
ordinary construction. From the foregoing description it will be apparent
that the swells and springs usually employed to act on the stopping apparatus
of looms may be dispensed with, and consequently there is no pressure upon
the shuttle at the time of picking; the power necessary to overcome the
resistance of the swell is dispensed with, thereby diminishing the force
requisite to throw the shuttle from one box to the other.
The improved mode of holding the fabric when passing under the taking-up
roller is performed in the following manner, as shown in Figs. 31, 39, and
44: is the ordinaryemerycovered roller,aud the shaft or roller on which the
fabric is wound. is a roller placed under the roller h, supporting the weight
of the rollers and h¹. h³ is another roller like 3, but placed in front of the
roller h. The rollers and h revolve in bearings attached to the loom side, as
seen in red lines in Fig. 39, and they are turned round by pinions gearing into
a wheel on the roller. The roller / is pressed against the cloth roller h. by
the weighted elbow levers 4, supported by brackets h, fixed to the front
cross rail. The cloth is thus compressed between the rollers, h², and h.
In describing my improvements in changing the position of the shuttle box
i, it will be necessary to refer more particularly to the Figs. 30, 31, and 32, on
Sheet 4, although parts of the same are seen in Fig. 39 on Sheet 5. The
shuttle box is fixed to two segmental arms 22, keyed on the shaft 23, which
swivels in bearings provided for it in one of the ordinary slay swords d and in
the extra sword d4, which hinges on a stud fixed to the bracket 5, bolted to
the floor. From this it will be apparent that the shuttle box i receives a back-
ward and forward motion with the slay of the loom, and a vibrating motion
from the shaft, to which is also attached the segment ; the weight of this
segment is made to counterbalance the weight of the shuttle box. The
position of the shuttle box i is changed by means of the chain w, the links
of which are either plain at each end or have a hole at one end and plain at
the other, or have a projection at one end and plain at the other; and I propose
to paint each link of the chain with the color of the weft in each shuttle
required for producing the pattern on the fabric, as shown in Fig. 30. By this
means the weaver will be able to correct errors in the weaving with greater
facility than heretofore. The chain w passes over a small drum w', sce Figs.
31 and 32, to which is fixed a ratchet wheel w², revolving loosely on the stud

page_text: is
w3, fixed into the loom side. The levers w and we are mounted on a stud
fixed near the chain drum; at the under side of these levers are fixed pro-
jecting studs, which act on the chain w, and from each lever projects sideways
a small pin, acted upon by the bent lever wo. The fulcrum of the lever
a stud fixed in the loom side a little below the bearing of the crank shaft a,
and the lower portion of the lever is acted upon by the cam 64, fixed on the
tappet shaft b; to the upper extremity of the lever w" is hinged the click w7,
which moves the ratchet wheel w² through the eighth part of a revolution for
every revolution of the tappet shaft b. The cam b', which actuates the lever
20, acts also upon the antifriction roller æ, mounted loosely on a stud fixed in
the lever, and the cam 65, placed in front of the cam 64, acts in like manner*
upon the lever ². These levers vibrate upon studs³ fixed into the loom side,
and are drawn towards each other by the spring 4, seen in Fig. 31. To the
lever are hinged the levers a" and ", and to the lever are hinged cor-
responding levers 27 and 28, and these four levers are united to the levers w*
and wo, by the wires 9. From this arrangement of parts it is evident that as
the levers wand ware either elevated by the studs which project from
them coming in contact with projections on the links of the chain w, or
depressed by the said studs dropping in the holes of the said chain, they will
either elevate or depress the levers, 6, 7, and 8, before referred to. The
traversing frame y is supported at one side by the bracket y', and at the other
side by a roller y², revolving freely on the slay y³, which unites the bracket c
with the loom side. The frame y is furnished above and below with knotches,
into which the pins 10, projecting from the lever a, a, 7, and 8, enter when
. it is necessary to change the position of the shuttle box . For instance, if
the second compartment of the shuttle box is wanted opposite the picker, the
lever must be lowered by the link of the chain w, having a hole in it to
admit the stud projecting from the lever w; the pin 10 projecting from the
lever 7, will then enter in the end knotch of the frane y, and the cam 65, by
acting on the lever ², will move the frame y in the direction of the arrow
through a space nearly equal to the distance from one shuttle compartment to
the other, and the rack y, which is cast to the frame y, will act on the
teeth of the segment 4, and thereby move the shuttle box the required
distance. In like manner, if it had been necessary to move the shuttle box
to the second compartment from the one now shown as being opposite the
picker, the lever would have been elevated by the lever w, and the lever .
would have traversed the frame y through twice the distance it did before,
because the center of the lever is twice as far from the stud as the
centre of the lever a, before acted upon. The five pins 25, seen best in Fig. 39.

page_text: which project from the segmenti, are for the purpose of retaining the shuttle
box i in its proper position when it has been moved by the frame y. The
pins 25 are acted upon by the rollers 2", which enter above and below between
the pins, and revolve freely on studs projecting from the levers d'and d; these
levers hinge on studs fixed into the extra sword d', and are drawn upwards
by the spiral springs ³, connected above to the sword d, as shewn in Fig. 31.
The bent springs and 10 are attached to brackets projecting from the loom
side, and are for the purpose of diminishing the shock given to the shuttle
box when the slay arrives at either extremity of its stroke, the lever de
coming in contact with the spring when the reed has nearly struck home
the weft, and the lever di acting on the spring do at the return stroke of the
slay. The shuttle box i is also provided with a substitute for the ordinary
swell, which substitute acts in conjunction with the one already described with
reference to the shuttle box marked. The short shaft i vibrates in bearings
made in the extra sword d' and in one of the swords d, and to it is attached
the lever 18, see also Fig. 39, which stands nearly in a horizontal position. The
descending lever is also fixed to the shaft i, and this is acted upon at every
stroke of the slay by the lever n', fixed on the shaft n, which has before been
described as moving by the agency of the cam 62, seen in Figs. 30 and 40.
The horizontal lever acts against bell-cranked feelers i10, which are hinged to
the underside of the shuttle box, andthese feelers press against the springs.",
which are fixed to the divisions between the compartments of the shuttle-
box i. So long as the shuttle continues to arrive in its proper position in the
shuttle box, the feelers 20 cannot be elevated by the lever is, because the
shuttle prevents the said feelers from moving, and therefore the elevation g² does
not get pushed under the cam a, as seen in Fig. 40; but if the shuttle does
not arrive in its proper position in the shuttle box i, then the horizontal leveris
is allowed to rise, and thereby push the feeleri 10 partly in the shuttle box, at the
same time it allows the shaft to perform a small portion of a revolution, and
to push the elevation q under the cam a, by which means the right-hand
end of the lever q' is elevated, and the strap is moved from the fast to the
loose pully, as before described.
Myimproved mode of connecting the picking stick to the picking shaftk' is
as follows, and it is seen in the Figs. 30 and 31 of Sheet 4-The picking stickk
is fixed to a disk ², the lower surface of which has four or any convenient number
of V shaped projections on it; these projections fit into suitable recesses into the
intermediate disk³, as seen in Fig. 31, the lower surface of which is provided
with the usual fine indentations fitting into those on the disk, keyed on the
picking shaft. The upper end of the picking shaft terminates in a screw

page_text: provided with double nuts for regulating the pressure on the spring 5, which
bears on the picking stick, and holds the V shaped projections from the disk k²,
into the recesses in the intermediate disk 3. The pressure on the spring /³,
must be so regulated that, if owing to any accident the picker remains fast in
the shuttle box, the spring 45 yields and allows the picking shaft to perform
its usual portion of a revolution without moving the picking stick, the yielding
of the spring allowing the V shaped projections to rise out of the recesses
before mentioned, as shewn in Fig. 30.
1:5.
The mode herein-before referred to for preventing the injurious effects now
resulting to looms from theshock of the stop finger against the frog, by uniting
the fly wheel to the loose pully, is best seen in Figs. 30, 39, 41, 42, and
43. The forked lever vibrates on a bracker s4, projecting from the loom side,
and is actuated by the spring levers' in the ordinary manner. The driving pul-
ley atis keyed on the crankshaft, auditis provided with any convenient number
of holes, as shewn in Figs. 30 and 43, to receive the taper ends of the studs a³,
which are bolted into the disk a", and pass through two of the arms in the fly
wheel a; the loose pulley a8 is cast to the fly wheel, and they are both loose
on the end of the crank a, but they revolve with the crank shaft as long as
the driving strap is on the fast pulley, being then connected with it by the
studs, before mentioned. The forked lever 3 is made to actuate the
lever 85,by coming in contact, when moving the strap from the fast to the loose
pulley, with a pin projecting from the link s", and as the end of the lever s5 is
provided with a fork taking into a groove turned in the boss of the disk a",
is it evident that when the lever s³ moves the strap from the fast to the loose
pulley, the lever s draws the studs as out of the holes in the fast pulley,
thereby allowing the fly wheel to revolve loose on the end of the crank shaft.
The driving strap may be moved on to the fast pulley again by the lever 83
when the loom is ready to start, without the studs as being drawn into the
holes of the fast pulley, because the link so is not hinged to the lever s", but
the studs are drawn into the said holes by the spring s8, seen bost in
Fig. 39, which is attached to the pin s, projecting from the lever so.
Another modification of this last-described mechanism for disconnecting the
fly wheel from the crank shaft is shewn in Figs. 34, 35, and 36. To the crank
shaft a is fixed the conical friction pulley a10, which is covered with leather;
and the friction box all, which constitutes also the driving pulley, and is made
of the same piece as the fly wheel a12, is mounted loosely on the end of the
crank shaft a. By bringing the friction box on to the conical friction
pulley, the driving strap will give motion to the loom, and by removing the
friction box out of contact with the friction pulley, the loom will be stopped

page_text: and the fly wheel will be at liberty to revolve loose on the end of the crank
shaft, as is the case in the before-mentioned apparatus. The lever vibrates
on a stud fixed in a bracket, seen best in Fig. 34, and it is retained
in its proper position for working the loom by the catch lever 21, see
Fig 36, which is hinged on a stud fixed in the bracket 22, part of which is
left out in the Figs. 35 and 36. The lever is acted upon and made to draw
the friction box off the friction pulley when the weft breaks or the shuttle fails
to "box" by a projection from the lever q', seen best in Fig. 36, which ele-
vates the lever 1, and at the same time moves the catch lever ¹, so as to
disconnect the lever z from the notch by which it is now supposed to be held,
and then to move the said lever by the agency of the inclined projection =³,
into contact with the second notch of the said catch lever. By this action of
the lever the antifriction-bowl 24, which is mounted on a stud' in the lever %,
comes against the plate a¹³, fixed to the end of the boss of the friction box all,
and draws it partly off the friction pulley.". When the loom is ready for
starting again, the attendant, by pushing the handle 8 in the direction of the
arrow in Fig. 34, brings the friction box again on to the friction pulley by the
set screw 25, coming against the plate a¹³, before explained. In these views
the stud' is for the same purpose, and is acted upon in the same way as the
same stud described with reference from Figs. 39 and' 40. The lever is
shorter than the one referred to in describing the loom; and has a projection, as
seen in Fig. 36, for the the projection from the lever q¹ to act against.
In Sheet 6, Figs. 45 and 46 represent the principal parts of a loom, in
which the breast beam, heddles, and back roller are made to advance towards
and recede from the slay, which has only a very slight traversing motion
imparted to it, or which may be made stationary if found more convenient.
In these views A are the loom sides, B the warp beam, and B' the taking-up
roller, which remain in their ordinary bearings, attached to the loom sides. C
is the back roller mounted on the two arms D, which vibrate on studs E fixed
in the loom side. F are moveable side frames hinged to the arms D, and
supported under the breast beam G by the rollers E, which run on the
rails, fixed to the loom side. The bearings of the shafts for the heddle
rollers Kand L, and the breast beam G, are fixed to the frames F. Mis the
crank shaft, and N the crank arms for connecting the crank shaft to the
frames F. O are two excentrics or cams fixed on the crank shaft and con-
nected to the slay or batten P by the rods Q. By this arrangement the
frames F' would move through a space nearly equal to the traverse of the slay
in ordinary looms, and the slay P would only move through half an inch; or
more or less, to assist in striking the weft into the cloth. To the shaft of the

page_text: heddle roller L. is fixed the double lever R, which comes in contact with one
of the rollers S, at each move of the frame F. The rollers S are attached to
the frame T, which has an upward and downward motion imparted to it, by
the cam V on the tappit shaft W. The lever U, which is hinged to a stud
fixed in the loom side, is connected to the frame T, as seen in Fig. 45, conse-
quently every revolution of the shaft W elevates and depresses the frame. T.
When the lower portion of the lever R comes against the lower roller S, it
changes the position of the lever R, and thereby changes the shed by the
action of the rollers K and L on the heddles. In Fig. 46 the shuttle box
marked X has four compartments in it, and is supposed to be similar to the
one shewn in Figs. 30, 31, and 32. The above description referring to
Figs. 45 and 46 will be sufficient to show the general arrangement of the
loom with the traversing breast beam, heddles, and back roller, and for the
details I beg to refer to the loom shewn on Sheets 4 and 5, the improvements
in which may readily be applied to the same.
Having now described the nature of my Invention, and the manner in which
the same may be performed, I do hereby declare that I claim as of my
Invention the following Improvements in Machines used for Preparing to be
Spun and Spinning Cotton and other Fibrous Substances, and for Preparing to
be Wovenaud Weaving such Substances when Spun, and any modifications of
the same, that is to say :-
First, the improved construction of a carding engine, as herein-before
described, in which two feeding apparatus, whether supplied with two laps or
with only one lap,are employed at the feeding end, or at that end of a carding
engine which is farthest from the doffer.
Secondly, the apparatus for dividing the double lap when one lap roller only
is employed for supplying two feeding apparatus, as herein-before-described, or
any modification of the same.
Thirdly, my improved floater and tumbler, of which I have shewn several
modifications,and of whichseveral othermodifications may besuggested without
at all departing from the principle of my Invention, and which floater or
tumbler rests upon or is governed by two slivers or rovings, and would in the
absence of either sliver be thrown by the other out of its position, and thereby
cause the drawing frame, slubbing frame, roving frame, or other machine to
which the same may be applied, to stop.
Fourthly, the general combinationandarrangement ofapparatus forstopping
the drawing frame, slubbing frame, roving frame, or other machine to which
the same may be applied, when the floater or tumbler falls, as herein-before

page_text: described, or any modification of the same, and which apparatus may be used
along with my improved floater or tumbler, or with the ordinary tumbler; and
when arranged as shewn and described with reference to Figs. 4, 5, and 6 of
the Drawings, consists of the bevil wheels 13 and v, the stud v, the lever ²,
and weight v³, the spring to, and bush t; and as arranged as shewn and de-
scribed with Figs. 15, 16, and 17, consists of the cam 19, the lever 20, the
traversing rod s, feeling finger 18, lever 23, and strap guide 22.
Fifthly, the improved construction of a roving or tube frame for making two
rows of bobbins, as herein-before shewn and described with reference to
Figs. 18 and 19, or any other modification of the same.
Sixthly, the expanding pulley herein-before shewn and described, when
applied to a tube or roving frame in lieu of the cone motion for varying the
speed of the winding-on rollers, and the mode of opening the same pulley,
herein-before particularly described with reference to Figs. 18 and 19.
Seventhly, the improved tube applicable to Dyer's roving frame, constructed
in two parts and hollowed out, as herein-before described and particularly
delineated in Figs. 23 and 24 of the Drawings.
Eighthly, the improved tube stands with the moveable bushes and im-
proved presser resting against an abutment on the tube stand, as herein-
before described with reference to the Figures 20, 21, and 22.
Ninthly, the application of an additional top roller to-the-back fluted roller
of a set of drawing rollers, and of a straight edge H, placed between any of the
rollers of the same set applicable to drawing frames, slubbing frames, roving
frames, throstles and mules, as shewn in Figs. 25 and 26 of the Drawings.
Tenthly, the improved construction of the tin rollers with their central
shafts and apparatus, as herein-before described with reference to Figs. 27,
28, 29, and 29*.
Eleventhly, the self-acting apparatus herein-before described, applicableton
loom for regulating the tensionof the yarn delivered by the warp beam according
to the varying diameter of such warp beam, whether in either of the two
modes shewn in Figs. 30 and 31, and in Figs. 37 and 38 of the Drawings, or
in any equivalent manner.
Twelfthly, the improved apparatus for stopping the loom when the shuttle
fails to box, as herein-before shewn and described with reference to Figs. 39,
40, and 42 of the Drawings.
Thirteenthly, theapparatus herein-before described for arresting the motion
of the slay or batten, even though the crank shaft of the loom continue in
motion for a portion or even an entire revolution.

page_text: Fourteenthly, the apparatus for governing the taking-up motion by the pre-
sence of the weft, and for stopping the loom by its absence, as herein-before
shewn and described with reference to Figs. 39 and 40.
Fifteenthly, the improved apparatus applicable to looms for weaving
ginghams and other fabrics requiring two or more shuttles for the purpose of
varying the position of the shuttle box, and particularly the open shuttle box i,
the rack y, and segment in which it works, and springs do and do, described
with reference to Figs. 30, 31, 32, and 39.
Sixteenthly, the improved mode of connecting the picking stick of a loom
with the picking shaft, as herein-before described.
Seventeenthly, disconnecting the fly wheels of looms from the crank shaft,
in the manner and for the purposes herein-before described with reference to
Figs. 30, 34, 35, 36, 39, 41, 42, and 45.
Eighteenthly, an improved apparatus for holding the cloth in contact with
the taking-up roller, as shewn and described with reference to Figs. 31, 89,
and 44.
Nineteenthly, painting the links of the pattern chains of looms requiring
two or more shuttles, in the manner and for the purposes herein-before
described.
'
And lastly, my improved loom, herein-before described, in which the slayor
batten remains stationary, or has only a very slight traversing motion imparted
to it, and the breast beam, heddles, and back roller are made to advance
towards and recede from the reed.
And this my Invention being, to the best of my knowledge and belief,
entirely new, and never before used within that part of Her said Majesty's
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland called England, Her Domi-
nion of Wales, and Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, I do hereby declare this
to be my Specification of the same, and that I do verily believe this my
said Specification doth comply in all respects, fully and without reserve or
disguise, with the proviso in the said herein-before in part recited Letters
Patent contained; wherefore I do hereby claim to maintain exclusive right
and privilege to the said Invention.
In witness whereof, I, the said James Green Gibson, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Twenty-seventh day of July, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and forty-nine.
JAMES GREEN (L..s.) GIBSON.

page_text: AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the Twenty-seventh day of July, in
the year of our Lord 1849, the aforesaid James Green Gibson came before
our said Lady the Queen in Her Chancery, and acknowledged the Specification
aforesaid, and all and every thing therein contained and specified, in form
above written. And also the Specification aforesaid was stamped according
to the tenor of the Statute made for that purpose.
Enrolled the Twenty-seventh day of July, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and forty-nine.