A Portable Power Driven Tool for Sand Papering and other Purposes.
Year: 1896

page_text: Date of Application, 29th Aug., 1896-Accepted, 30th Jan., 1897
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
A Portable Power Driven Tool for Sand Papering and other
Purposes.
1, JAMES HENRY MANNING, of Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America,
Machinist, do hereby declaro the nature of this invention and in what manner
the same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement :-
The chief object of my invention is to provide a light, portable, power-operated
Band-papering machine, which may be employed instead of hand work in dressing
off the sides and ends of railway and street-cars and other vehicles, though the
machine may be used for other purposes than sand-papering, and where used for
the latter purpose its utility is not restricted to work upon cars and vehicles, all as
will be hereafter explained. The machine consists essentially of a rotary shaft
carrying at one end the sand-paper disk or other working surface, a rotary motor
mounted upon said shaft, for turning the same, a suitable guide frame adapted to
bear against the surface being worked upon, and means for adjusting the sand-
papering disk or other working surface to project it more or less beyond the bearing
surface of the guide frame, to thereby regulate the action of such disk upon the
surface being worked upon.
The novelty of my invention relates rather to the organization of the machine
as a whole, than to details in the mechanical construction of its several parts, and
it will be understood from the explanation which will be hereafter given that the
machine illustrated in the drawings, in respect to the details of its mechanical
construction, represents but one form of machine in which my invention may be
embodied.
Having thus indicated the general nature of the invention I will now proceed to
a further explanation of it by a detailed description of the machine which has
been illustrated in the drawings, in which latter
Figure I represents a perspective view of the complete machine looking at one
of the forward corners thereof, Figure 2 a corresponding view looking at one of
the rear corners thereof;
Figure 3 a vertical section on the line 3-3 of Figure 4, being substantially a
front elevation of the machine with the outer cylinder head and the parts carried
by it removed;
Figure 4 a vertical section on the line 4-4 of Figure 3;
Figure 5 a vertical section approximately on the line 5-5 of Figure 4; and
Figure 6 a vertical section approximately on the line 6-6 of Figure 4.
The same letters of reference are used to indicate identical parts in all the
igures.
A represents a suitable frame, preferably of wood, whose rear side, Figure 2, is
dapted to rest against the surface being worked upon and regulate the action of
he sand-papering disk upon such surface in the mauner hereafter explained. The
ear side of this frame A is provided with a circular recess to accommodate the
and-papering disk B, which latter is firmly secured to the rear end of the rotary
baft C, Figure 4. This shaft C is mounted to rotate in a oylinder D secured to
he forward side of the frame A and containing a rotary piston by which the

page_text: shaft C is driven. This cylinder or piston-chamber C is elliptical in form, and is
provided at its right side with an inlet E for the motive fluid, which is preferably
compressed air, and at its left side with an exhaust opening F therefor. The
rotary piston consists of a hub G having radial arms or spokes uniting it with a
cylindrical rim, and a series of radial plates or pistons H mounted in grooves in
the arms of said hub. Under the construction shown in the drawings the hub of
the piston is not mounted directly upon the shaft C, though it might ho, but has
secured within its boro a sleevo or bushing I which fits upon the shaft. Fitting in
a longitudinal groove in the shaft and in a coincident groove in the inner surface
of the sleeve is a key J, which locks the rotary piston to the shaft C to cause
the former to drive the latter. The groove in the shaft C, in which the key J fits,
is longer than said key, as indicated by the dotted lines in Figure 4, so that the
shaft may be adjusted longitudinally, relatively to the piston aud cylinder, by tho
means and for the purpose hereafter described. The piston G is provided upon its
front and rear sides with a circular recess, as shown by the solid lines in Figure 3,
and indicated by the dotted lines in Figure 6, to accommodate two elliptical
cams KK which are secured in fixed position to the front and rear heads of the
cylinder D. These cams K conform in shape to the elliptical interior of the
cylinder D and are of such size that the space between their surfaces and the inner
surface of the cylinder is approximately equal to the length of the radial plates H.
The inner ends of these plates H bear against the surfaces of the cams K, and as
the piston rotates the plates H are reciprocated back and forth in their guideways
by the contact of their inner ends with the cams KK and of their outer ends with
the inner surface of the cylinder.
The inlet port E communicates at its inner end with a transverse passage L
which opens at its opposite ends into two similar passages M M, (full lines Figure 3
and dotted lines Figure 6,) each of which passages M opens at its opposito onds
into the interior of the cylinder by diametrically opposite ports N N. The
passages M M in the present iustance consist of grooves formed in the outer
surfaces of the opposite ends of the body of the cylinder D, as seen in Figure 3,
which grooves are closed, to form the passages, by the heads O and P of the
cylinder, as seen in Figure 4.
The exhaust port opens at its inner end into a transverse passage which
communicates at its opposito onds with elliptical passages RR formed in the
opposite heads of the cylinder, Figures 4 and 5. Each of these elliptical
passages R opens into the piston chamber or interior of the cylinder by two
diametrically opposite ports S S, Figures 3, 5 and 6.
Under this construction and arrangement of the parts the compressed air or
other motive fluid admitted at E will pass through the passages M M and enter
the piston chamber by the ports N N, and drive the piston in the direction of the
arrows, the motive fluid escaping, after it has acted upon the plates H of the
piston, through the exhaust ports S S and thence through the passages R R and Q
and out the exhaust F. The piston being keyed to the shaft C will carry the
latter with it and turn the sand-papering disk B.
The exhaust port F is connected by a small pipe T with a large pipe U
projecting to the left of the machine and opening at its right hand or inner end,
Figure 4, into a chamber formed within the frame A by connecting said frame
with the roar side of the cylinder by means of a sheet metal casing V, the rear
head of the cylinder forming the front wall of this chamber, and the sand-papering
disk forming its rear or outer wall. The exhaust through the pipe T into the
pipe U creates an outward draft through the latter which will exhaust the air
through this chamber from the space at the periphery of the disk B, and thus
serve to carry off much of the dust created by the action of said disk upon the
surface being worked upon.
It will bo understood from the foregoing that if the shaft C be adjusted
longitudinally so that the surface of the sand-papering disk projects very slightly
to the rear of the surface of the frame A only moderate pressure of said disk upon

page_text: the work can be exerted, and only a shallow cut be taken, while if the shaft be
adjusted to project the disk further beyond the rear surface of the frame A a
heavier pressure of the disk upon the work may be exerted and a deeper cut
taken. At the beginning of work upon a surface to be dressed it is often desired
to press the sand-paper more firmly against the work and take a deeper cut, and .
remove the surface moro rapidly, than after the surface has been given a rough
dressing in this manner and is being finished. The means illustrated in the
drawings for adjusting the shaft C longitudinally, for this purpose, consists of an
adjusting screw W which is passed through a threaded opening in a cap out X
screwed upon the front cylinder head O, and which has upon its inner end a conical
head whose point bears against the extreme front end of the shaft C, and which is
held against said shaft by a collar Y in which the conical head of the screw W is
confined, which collar is screwed upon the reduced threaded front end of the
shaft C. The screw W has a hand-wheel or thumb-disk Z fastened upon its outer
end, by which it may be turned, and fitting upon it against the cap nut X is a lock
nut A having a handle B'. When it is desired to adjust the shaft in either
direction the lock nut A' is loosened and the screw W turned to either draw the
shaft forward or force it rearward, as desired, and the lock nut then tightened up
to hold the shaft in this adjusted position.
There is a similar cap nut C' surrounding the shaft at the roar of the cylinder
and screwed upon the rear cylinder head and serving to confine a packing around
the shaft at tho rear end of a sleeve or bushing D' which surrounds the shaft and
extends through the cylinder head and through the adjacent cain K. A similar
eleove or bushing D' surrounds the front end of the shaft aud extends through the
forward cam K and forward cylinder head O.
The particular construction of the sand-paporing disk illustrated in the drawings
is as follows: Screwed upon the reduced rear end of the shaft C is a metal disk
having a threaded periphery adapted to receive a screw ring F having an inturned
flange at its outer side or edge. Fitted upon the disk E' is a disk G, preferably
of wood, having a beveled periphery adapting it to fit within and be coufiued by
the inwardly projecting flange of the screw ring F. In assembling the parts a
circular piece of sand-paper is placed upon the disk G', the screw ring is then
fitted over tho disk so as to press tho edge of the sand-paper down upon the
beveled periphery of the disk G, and the ring F is then screwed upon the disk E¹,
to hold the disk G' and the sand-paper in position. When the paper becomes
worn it may be easily and quickly renewed by loosening the ring F and removing
the disk G and inserting a fresh piece of paper.
The machine is provided with two handles by which the workman may hold it
As he presses its rear side against the surface of the work, the compressed air or
other motive fluid being conveyed to the inlet port E of the machine through a
flexible tube leading to the source of supply. In using the machino upon vertical
surfaces, such as the sides and ends of cars, for which purpose the machine shown
in the drawings was especially designed, the machine may be suspended by a rope
or chain from any suitable adjustable supporting and counter-balancing device,
so that the workman will be relieved of the weight of the machine and have only
to guide it ovor and press it upon the vertical surface of the work.
The general practice at present in the building of cars is to apply machine-
finished lumber to their sides and ends, and to then cross-plane and sand-paper it
by haud, to produce a perfect surface ready for the paint. By the use of my new
machine all such hand work is avoided, and a more regular and perfectly finished
surface is produced in very much less time and at very much less expense than by
the hand method.
As heretofore stated, the chief object of my invention is the provision of a
suitable machine for taking the place of handwork in dressing the vertical sides
and ends of railway cars and similar vehicles, but it will be evident that any
desired working surface may be substituted for the sand-papering disk, in using the
machine for other purposes, and I contemplate, among other uses for the machine,

page_text: the substitution, of a wire brush for the sand-papering disk, to be employed for
dressing stone, metal castings, and similar purposes.
So far as I am aware I am the first in the art to produce a machine of this
general character embodying a rotary shaft carrying at one end the working disk
or surface, a motor mounted on the shaft for driving it, and means for regulating
the action of the machine upon the work in the manner described, and my invention,
in its broader aspect, is therefore of corresponding scope.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is:-
1. In a machine such as described, the combination of a rotary shaft, a motor
mounted thereon for turning it, a sand-papering disk or other working surface
Becured to one end of said shaft, and means for regulating the action of the machine
upon the work in the manner and for the purpose described.
2. In a machine such as described, the combination of a rotary shaft, a motor
mounted thereon for turning it, a saud-papering disk or other working surface
secured to one end of said shaft, a guide frame or bearing surface adjacent said
disk and adapted to rest against the surface of the work, and means for adjusting
the disk to project it more or less beyond.such frame or bearing surface, for the
purpose described.
3. Iu a machine such as described, the combination of a rotary shaft, a motor
mounted thereon for turning it, a sand-papering disk or other working surface
secured to one ond of said shaft, a guide frame or bearing surface adjacent said
disk and adapted to rest against the surface of the work, and means at the opposite
end of the shaft for adjusting the saing longitudinally to project the disk more or
less beyond such frame or bearing surface, for the purpose described.
4. In a machine such as described, the combination of a cylinder, a rotary shaft
journaled therein, a rotary piston mounted upon and turning with the shaft within
the cylinder, a sand-papering disk or other working surface secured to one end of
said shaft, and means for regulating the action of said disk or surface upon the
work in the manner and for the purpose described.
5. In a machine such as described, the combination of a cylinder, a rotary shaft
journaled theroin and movable longitudinally in its bearings, a rotary piston
mounted upon said shaft within the cylinder and connected thereto so as to turn
the shaft with it but permit independent longitudinal movement of it, a sand-
papering disk or other working surfaco secured to one end of the shaft, a guide
frame secured to the cylinder and adapted to rest against the surface of the work
adjacent the sand-papering disk, and means for adjusting the rotary shaft
longitudinally to project the disk more or less beyond said frame, for the purpose
described.
6. In a machine such as described, tho combination of the frame A, the rotary
shaft C, the disk B secured to the end of said shaft, a rotary motor mounted upon
said shaft for turning it, the adjusting screw W threaded through a fixed support
and provided with a bead bearing against the end of the shaft C opposite the end
which carries the disk B, the collar Y confining the head of said screw against the
end of said shaft, and the lock nut A' for holding the screw and shaft in their
different adjusted positions, substantially as described.
7. In a machine such as described, the combination of the cylinder D-having
the heads O P, the rotary shaft C journaled in said cylinder, the rotary piston
mounted upon said shaft within said cylinder and connected to the shaft by means
permitting independent longitudinal adjustment of the shaft, the cap nut X screwed
upou the cylinder head O, the adjusting screw W threaded through the nut X and
provided with the conical head bearing against the front end of the shaft C, the
collar Y screwed upon the front end of the shaft and confining the head of the
screw W against the same, and the lock nut A' mounted on the screw W and
co-operating with the cap nut X, substantially as described.

page_text: 8. The combination of the cylinder D having the heads OP, the rotary shaft C
journaled therein, the rotary piston keyed upon said shaft within the cylinder, the
frame A secured to the rear cylinder head P, the working disk B secured to the
rear end of the shaft O, the adjusting screw W threaded through the cap nut X
screwed upon the front cylinder head O and having the conical head bearing
against the front end of the shaft C, and the collar Y screwed upon the front end
of said shaft and confining the head of the screw W against the same, substantially
as described.
9. The combination of the cylinder, the rotary shaft journaled therein, the rotary
piston mounted upon said shaft within the cylinder, the working disk upon the
frout end of the shaft, the frame and casing forming the chamber between said
disk and the cylinder, the pipe leading from said chamber, and the exhaust
pipe from the cylinder connected to the first mentioned pipe, for the purpose
described.
Dated this 20th day of A 1900
HERBERT HADDAN & Co.,
18, Buckingham Street, Strand, London, W.C., Agents for Applicant.