CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE BURNING OF STONE WARE AND BROWN WARE IN KILNS OR OVENS BY CARRYING UP THE HEAT AND FLAME PROM THE FURNACE OR FIRE BELOW TO THE MIDDLE AND UPPER PARTS OF THE KILN OR OVEN, EITHER BY MEANS OF FLUES OR CHIMNIES IN THE SIDES THEREOF, OR BY MOVEABLE PIPES OR CONDUCTORS TO BE PLACED WITHIN SUCH KILNS OR OVENS, AND ALSO BY INCREASING THE HEAT IN KILNS OR OVENS BY THE CONSTRUC- TION OF ADDITIONAL FURNACES OR FIRES AT THE SIDES THEREOF, AND TO COMMUNICATE WITH THE CENTRE OR UPPER PARTS OF SUCH KILNS OR OVENS, AND ALSO BY CON-
Year: 1823

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOSEPH
BOURNE, of Denby, in the County of Derby, Stone Bottle Manufacturer, send
greeting.
any
WHEREAS His present Majesty King George the Fourth, in and by His
Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date at West-
minster, the Twenty-second day of November last past, for Himself, His
heirs and successors, did give and grant unto me, the said Joseph Bourne,
my exccutors, administrators, and assigns, His special licence, full power,
sole privilege and authority, that I, the said Joseph Bourne, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, and every of them, by myself and themselves, or
by my and their deputy or deputies, servants or agents, or such others as I,
the said Joseph Bourne, my executors, administrators, or assigns, should at
time
agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times there-
after during the term of years therein expressed, should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise, and vend, within England and Wales and the Town of
Berwick-upon-Tweed, my Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE BURNING
OF STONE WARE AND BROWN WARE IN KILNS OR OVENS BY CARRYING UP THE HEAT
AND FLAME PROM THE FURNACE OR FIRE BELOW TO THE MIDDLE AND UPPER PARTS
OF THE KILN OR OVEN, EITHER BY MEANS OF FLUES OR CHIMNIES IN THE SIDES
THEREOF, OR BY MOVEABLE PIPES OR CONDUCTORS TO BE PLACED WITHIN SUCH KILNS
OR OVENS, AND ALSO BY INCREASING THE HEAT IN KILNS OR OVENS BY THE CONSTRUC-
TION OF ADDITIONAL FURNACES OR FIRES AT THE SIDES THEREOF, AND TO COMMUNICATE
WITH THE CENTRE OR UPPER PARTS OF SUCH KILNS OR OVENS, AND ALSO BY CON-

page_text: VEYING THE FLAME AND HEAT OF ONE KILN OR MORE INTO ANOTHER OR OTHERS BY
MEANS OF CHIMNIES OR FLUES, AND THUS PERMITTING THE DRAFT AND SMOKE OF
SEVERAL KILNS OR OVENS TO ESCAPE THROUGH THE CHIMNIES OF A CENTRAL KILN
OR OVEN OF GREATER ELEVATION, WHEREBY THE DEGREE OF HEAT IS INCREASED IN
THE SEVERAL KILNS OR OVENS, AND THE QUANTITY OF SMOKE DIMINISHED;" in which
said Letters Patent there is contained a proviso obliging me, the said
Joseph Bourne, by an instrument in writing under my hand and seal, par-
ticularly to describe and ascertain the nature of my said Invention, and in
what manner the same is to be performed, and to cause the same to be
inrolled in His Majesty's High Court of Chancery within two calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said recited Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
Joseph Bourne, do hereby declare and ascertain that the nature of my said
Invention, and the manner in which the same is to be performed, is fully
described in the following Specification, and by the Drawings thereunto
annexed, that is to say :-
The kilns or ovens hitherto in use for the burning of stone ware and brown
ware having been heated solely by furnaces or fires below or underneath the
kilns or ovens, and the flame and heat having been permitted to ascend into
the kiln or oven by apertures in the floors thereof, as exemplified by Fig. 3 of
the annexed Drawings, and to escape by chimnies or openings at the top of
each kiln or oven, the effect of this system of burning has been, that the
ware placed at the bottom or lower parts of the kilns has been destroyed or
damaged by excessive heat, whilst the ware placed at the top or upper part of
the kiln has not been sufficiently burned. The first improvement, therefore,
for which the said Letters Patent have been granted as aforesaid, is the
carrying up of heat and flame from the furnaces or fires below to the upper
parts of the kiln or oven. This is effected by either of two means: the first
is by constructing flues in the sides or brickwork of the kiln or oven to com-
municate with the furnaces or fires below, Fig. 1, a, a, and with the kiln or
oven above, Fig. 1, 6, b, and Fig. 2, e, e. Through these flues a powerful
draught will issue, and the effect will be to diminish the heat below, and to
pour forth a strong body of flame into the upper part of the kiln or oven. The
second mean, which produces a similar effect, is to place moveable pipes or
conductors, Fig. 1, c, c, c, c, made of clay or earthenware, over the apertures,
Fig. 1, d, d, d, d, and Fig. 2, d, d, in the bottom or flooring of the kiln exhi-
bited in Fig. 8 of the annexed Drawings, and to stand up between the tiers
of ware in the inside of the kiln or oven. The number and the size of these

page_text: flues, or of the moveable pipes or conductors, should be sufficient to receive
and to pass about one third of the draught of the whole kiln or oven, aud
should cover about one third of the apertures usually left in the bottom or
flooring thereof; and the length or height thereof may be varied from two to
four feet above the level of the flooring of the kiln or oven.
The second improvement for which the said Letters Patent have been granted
is the construction of a furnace or furnaces at the side or sides of a kiln or
oven, and so as to heat the upper parts thereof. This furnace is of the same
description as those hitherto placed below or underneath the kiln or oven,
except that the same is to be built in solid brickwork at the side thereof,
Fig. 1, ff ff. f. f, and to communicate heat to the upper. parts of the
kiln or oven, by means of a number of flues from the said furnace into
and at intervals along the side of the said kiln or oven at Fig. 1,
9. 9. 9, 9, 9, 9, and Fig. 2, h, h. The sise of these flues will depend in
some measure on their number and on the sise of the furnace, and the
whole of them, in number and size, must be sufficient to pass the powerful
draught of the furnace. The particular application of these last-mentioned
furnaces is to kilns or ovens of greater height or elevation than any hitherto
in use.
The practice of heating kilns or ovens solely by furnaces or fires at
the bottom or underneath the same has necessarily limited the sise of such
kilns or ovens to dimensions within which alone the heat from below could act
with sufficient effect in burning the ware; but, by means of these furnaces at
the sides of kilus or ovens, they may be carried up to a much greater height,
and consequently a much greater quantity of ware may be burnt in the saune
kiln or oven at the same time. Care must therefore be taken that the flues
from the side furnace communicate with the kiln or oven at that point at which
the heat from below begins to diminish in its effect upon the same, and the fur-
nace must be a little below that point, to give ascent to the draught of the flues.
The third improvement for which the said Letters Patent have been
granted is the conveying of the flame and heat of one kiln or more into
another or others by means of flues, and thus permitting the draft and smoke
of several kilns or ovens to escape through the chimnies of a central kiln or
oven of greater elevation. To effect this improvement, let several kilns be
built adjoining one another, and seperated only by solid brickwork, and let the
height or elevation of these several kilns be varied, as exemplified in Fig. 1 of
the annexed Drawings; and, instead of permitting the draft and smoke of
each kiln to escape separately through chimnies at the top thereof, let a suffi-
cient number of flues be substituted for these chimnies, as at Fig. 1, i, i, to
communicate with the sides of the next adjoining kiln of greater elevation as

page_text: at Fig. 1, k, k, and Fig. 2, 1, 1, and thus to pass the draft and smoke of the
lower or smaller kilns in succession into the next kiln of greater, and ulti-
mately into the kiln of greatest elevation. Or, if one kiln be built upon or
over another or others, let the draft and flame of the lower kiln or kilns be
passed by means of flues directly into the kiln, or successively into the kilns
above or over the same. By this means not only is the heat of the ovens or
kilus very
much increased, but the smoke of the smaller or lower kilns, being
poured upon the flame within the kiln or oven of greater elevation, is in a
great measure consumed, and the remainder escapes through the chimnies of
the kiln or oven of the greatest elevation. In Fig. 1, m, m, is an iron bar
connecting cast-mictal beams placed along the sides of the kiln to strengthen
the building; n, n, is a stage from which to supply the side furnaces with fuel;
0, 0, 0, 0, are brick arches at the front and back of the kilns to strengthen,
and p, p, are buttresses to support, the building.
In witness whereof, I, the said Joseph Bourne, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, the Twenty-first day of January, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight bundred and twenty-four.