IMPROVEMENTS IN DYEING COTTON AND OTHER YARNS AND FABRICS."
Year: 1878

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Frederick Albert Gatty, of Accrington, in the County
of Lancaster, Calico Printer and Dyer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS
IN DYEING COTTON AND OTHER YARNS AND FABRICS."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Frederick Albert Gatty at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 10th July 1878.
FREDERICK ALBERT GATTY, of Accrington, in the County of Lancaster, Calico
Printer and Dyer. " IMPROVEMENTS IN DYEING COTTON AND OTHER YARNS AND
FABRICS."
My improvements relate to the dyeing of black and other colours derived from
aniline or other analagous compounds, and my process is based upon the property
which solutions of salts of aniline have to form dark coloured precipitates when left
for a certain time in contact with a soluble salt of iron and chlorate of potash or
other chlorate. By taking advantage of this property, and applying it to dyeing, I
have arrived at producing aniline black, and other shades derived from the same,
without being obliged to dry the materials intended to be dyed between the opera-
tions, which is of great advantage for fabrics, and indispensable for yarns.
To carry my improvements into effect I make a solution of chloride or other salt
of aniline, and mix therewith a certain quantity of sulphate or other salt of iron,
and a sufficient quantity of chlorate of potash or other chlorate to oxidise the whole.
I then impregnate the cotton or other yarns or fabrics with the said mixture, and
keep them in the wet state for from twelve to twenty-four hours, or until all the
aniline salt is decomposed and the colour is precipitated into the fibres of the mate-
rial intended to be dyed, they are then washed in water and dryed, or they may be
treated with soap, weak alkali, chloride of lime, or chromate of potash in the same
way as aniline blacks obtained in the ordinary way are sometimes treated. By
using a solution containing one part of chloride of aniline to about eight parts of
water, a black is obtained; and by reducing the same solution with more or less water
paler colours are obtained.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Frederick Albert Gatty in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 9th
January 1879.
FREDERICK ALBERT GATTY, of Accrington, in the County of Lancaster, Calico
Printer and Dyer.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN DYEING COTTON AND OTHER YARNS AND
FABRICS."
My improvements relate to the dyeing of black and other colours derived from
aniline or other analagous compounds, and my process is based upon the property,
which solutions of salts of aniline have to form dark coloured precipitates when
left for a certain time in contact with a soluble salt of iron and chlorate of potash
or other chlorate. By taking advantage of this property, and applying it to dyeing,
I have arrived at producing aniline black and other shades derived from the same,
without being obliged to dry the materials intended to be dyed between the opera-
tions, which is of great advantage for fabrics and indispensable for yarns.
In carrying my Invention into effect for dyeing a black, I impregnate the cotton
or other yarns and fabrics with the following mixture:-I take one gallon of chloride
of aniline at 12 degrees of Twaddel's hydrometer, 1 gallons of protochloride of iron
at 25 degrees of Twaddel's hydrometer, 2 gallons of water and 2 pounds of chloratė
of potash, or an equivalent quantity of another chlorate. The solution of chloride of
aniline can either be made by dissolving the crystals of chloride of aniline in water
or by mixing 1 gallon of aniline oil, 1 gallon of muriatic acid of commerce, and 2
gallons of water. Other salts of aniline, such as sulphate or nitrate, will also answer
the purpose, but I prefer to make use of the chloride. In place of chloride of iron,
other soluble salts of iron, such as sulphate or nitrate, may be used. When the
mixture is not required to be full strength salts of peroxide of iron may be substi-
tuted for those of protoxide, but for a strong black I prefer to use the salts of
protoxide, because those of peroxide precipitate the colour too rapidly. After the
yarns or fabrics have been well impregnated with the above-named mixture the
excess of liquid is wrung or squeezed out in the ordinary way, and the yarns or
fabrics so prepared are kept in the wet state in a closed box or cistern for twelve to
twenty-four hours, or until all or nearly all the aniline is oxidised, and the colour is
precipitated into the fibre of the materials. The dyed yarns or fabrics are then
washed and dryed, or they may be passed in the usual way through a weak solu-
tion of soap, carbonate of soda, or bichromate of potash, according to the shade
required.
By employing the same mixture reduced in strength various shades, such as blue,
green, and drabs, can be obtained, but in weak solutions the action of oxidising the
aniline and the precipitation of the colour is much slower than in a strong mixture,
and in order to hasten the precipitation I make use of the salts of peroxide
of iron.
For medium shades I find the following proportions to answer my purpose:-I
take twelve gallons of water, one gallon of chloride of aniline, at 12 degrees Twaddel,
one and a half gallons of perchloride of iron at 30 degrees of Twaddel's hydrometer,
and two and a half lbs. of chlorate of potash. The yarns or fabrics are impregnated
with the above mixture, and are treated in the same way as the black described
above, with this difference, that the room in which the prepared materials are kept
in the wet state must be warmer than for black, in order to assist the decomposition.
I find that a temperature of from 70° to 80° Fahrenheit answers the purpose. After
the colour is precipitated into the fibres of the materials the yarns or fabrics are
washed, and the colour can be turned into various shades, the same as if it had been
produced by the well known old processes. An alkali will turn the colour blue or
drab, an acid will turn it green, and bichromate of potash will give brown shades;
as is well known.

page_text: These various shades may again be changed by combining therewith other colours,
such as indigo or other blues, yellows, or reds.
Having now described the nature of my Invention, and the manner of performing
the same, I would have it understood that I do not confine myself to the proportions
stated above, as these may be varied.
I am aware that salts of iron have been recommended to produce aniline black.
I therefore do not claim the exclusive use of salts of iron in combination with salts
of aniline and chlorate of potash; but what I do claim as my Invention is the pro-
duction of aniline black and other colours without drying between the various
processes, as described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Frederick Albert Gatty, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Seventh day of January, One thousand eight hundred
and sporty-nine
F. A. GATTY. (L.S.)