IMPROVEMENTS IN LOCKS
Year: 1865

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Frederic Pope, of No. 60, Mark Lane, in the City
of London, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN LOCKS."-A com-
munication from abroad by William Hodson and James Hutson, both
residing at Janesville, in the State of Wisconsin, in the United States of
America
Sealed the 19th January 1866, and dated the 21st November 1865.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Frederic Pope at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
21st November 1865.
I, FREDERIC POPE, of No. 60, Mark Lane, in the City of London, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
Locks," to be as follows:-
This Invention has reference more particularly to locks for doors, and
consists in so arranging a lock in combination with a sliding plate actuated
by the key, that when the door is locked from the inside such plate is slid in
front of the outside keyhole, thereby closing it, and thus preventing any tam-
pering with the lock from the outside, in which position the plate is held as
firmly as the bolt. Furthermore the lock is so arranged that the door can

page_text: be locked from the outside without moving the sliding plate, whereby the
unlocking of the door from the inside is prevented. For this purpose a plate
is arranged to slide backwards and forwards between grooves upon the
external surface of the outer plate of the lock; this sliding plate has a key-
hole, which when in its backward position, i.e., when the bolt of the lock is
not shot, is situated over. the keyhole of the outer plate, so that the key can
be inserted; but when the plate is slid forward by the action of locking the
door from the inside, the body of the sliding plate covers the keyhole of the
outer plate of the lock. A stud attached to the sliding plate passes through
a slot in the outer lock plate, and is fixed inside the lock to a supplemental
bolt, which is actuated by the key in the ordinary manner, and which only
serves to impart the before-described motion to the sliding plate. The lock
has furthermore an ordinary bolt, the shooting of which locks the door, and
the motion of which is regulated by means of a stud upon the same passing
into notches in a tumbler of the ordinary description. This tumbler has other
notches, into which fits a stud on the supplemental bolt to the sliding plate,
so that on moving both this and the locking bolt by the operation of locking
from the inside, both bolts are held securely in the locked position by the
respective notches of the tumbler. The beard of the key is so formed by
cutting away a portion of its lower end that when inserted from the inside
it actuates both the locking bolt and the supplemental bolt as described, but
when inserted from the outside it only actuates the locking bolt, leaving the
supplemental bolt and consequently the sliding plate stationary. It will be
seen that if when the parts of the lock are in this position the key is inserted
from the inside it cannot be turned so as to unlock the door, as in endeavour-
ing to do so a portion of the beard will come in contact with the supplemental
bolt in its backward position, and its further motion will consequently be
arrested. Instead of having only one tumbler to the two bolts, as described,
a separate tumbler may be provided to each bolt. The edges of the keyhole
in the sliding plate are bevilled off on the outside surface; so as not to afford
any shoulder for a lever to have purchase against in endeavouring 'to force
back the plate so as to uncover the keyhole of the lock when the door is
locked from the inside.
Although I have described the sliding plate as applied to an ordinary
tumbler lock, it may also be applied to locks having several tumblers, or to
locks having wards and no tumblers save the one requisite for the supple-.
mental bolt.
Although I have stated that this Invention is particularly applicable to door

page_text: locks, yet it is evidently also applicable to any locks in which it is desirable
to close the keyhole when the bolt is shot, or in which the locking may be
effected on both sides of the lock.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Frederic Pope in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 21st
May 1866..
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, FREDERIC
POPE, of No. 60, Mark Lane, in the City of London, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-first day of November, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-five, in the twenty-ninth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said Frederic Pope, Her special licence that I, the said Frederic Pope,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said
Frederic Pope, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time
agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland,
the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
Locks," a communication to me from abroad by William Hodson and James
Hutson, both residing at Janesville, in the State of Wisconsin, in the United
States of America, upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said
Frederic Pope, my executors, or administrators, by an instrument in writing
under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly
describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner
the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great
Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after
the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I; the said Frederic Pope, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement thereof, reference being had to the accompanying Drawing, and to
the figures and letters marked thereon, that is to say:-
This Invention has reference more particularly to locks for doors, and
consists in so arranging a lock in combination with a sliding plate actuated by

page_text: the key, that when the door is locked from the inside such plate is slid in
front of the outside keyhole, thereby closing it, and thus preventing any
tampering with the lock from the outside, in which position the plate is held
as firmly as the bolt. Furthermore the lock is so arranged that the door can
be locked from the outside without moving the sliding plate, whereby the
unlocking of the door from the inside is prevented. For this purpose a plate is
arranged to slide backwards and forwards between grooves upon the external
surface of the outer plate of the lock; this sliding plate has a keyhole, which
when in its backward position, i.e., when the bolt of the lock is not shot, is
situated over the keyhole of the outer plate, so that the key can be inserted;
but when the plate is slid forward by the action of locking the door from the
inside, the body of the sliding plate covers the keyhole of the outer plate of
the lock. A stud attached to the sliding plate passes through a slot in the
outer lock plate, and is fixed inside the lock to a supplemental bolt, which is
actuated by the key in the ordinary manner, and which only serves to impart
the before-described motion to the sliding plate. The lock has furthermore
an ordinary bolt, the shooting of which locks the door, and the motion of
which is regulated by means of a stud upon the same passing into notches in
a tumbler of the ordinary description. This tumbler has other notches into
which fits a stud on the supplemental bolt to the sliding plate, so that on
moving both this and the locking bolt by the operation of locking from the
inside, both bolts are held securely in the locked position by the respective
notches of the tumbler. The beard of the key is so formed by cutting away a
portion of its lower end that when inserted from the inside it actuates both the
locking bolt and the supplemental bolt as described, but when inserted from
the outside it only actuates the locking bolt, leaving the supplemental bolt and
consequently the sliding plate stationary. It will be seen that if when the
parts of the lock are in this position the key is inserted from the inside it
cannot be turned so as to unlock the door, as in endeavouring to do so a
portion of the beard will come in contact with the supplemental bolt in its
backward position, and its further motion will consequently be arrested.
Instead of having only one tumbler to the two bolts as described, a separate
tumbler may be provided to each bolt. The edges of the keyhole in the
sliding plate are bevilled off on the outside surface, so as not to afford any
shoulder for a lever to have purchase against in endeavouring to force back
the plate so as to uncover the keyhole of the lock when the door is locked
from the inside.
Although I have described the sliding plate as applied to an ordinary

page_text: tumbler lock, it may also be applied to locks having several tumblers, or to
locks having wards and no tumblers save the one requisite for the supple-
mental bolt.
. Although I have stated that this Invention is particularly applicable to door
locks, yet it is evidently also applicable to any locks in which it is desirable to
close the one keyhole when the bolt is shot, or in which the locking may be
effected on both sides of the lock.
On the accompanying Drawing is shewn the construction of the improved
lock.
Figure 1 shows an elevation of the outer plate of the lock with the bolt
shot back, and the keyhole consequently uncovered; Figure 2 shows the same
elevation with the bolt shot forward and the keyhole covered; Figure 3 shows
an elevation of the inner face of the outer plate; Figure 4 shows an elevation
: of the inner face of the inner plate; Figures 5 and 6 show, part enlarged, cross
sections of the lock; and Figures 7 and 8 show respectively a part elevation
and part sectional plan of the sliding plate. Similar letters of reference
indicate similar parts in each of the Figures.
.
The outer plate B of the lock carries the sliding plate C, capable of sliding
backwards and forwards between the guides t and v. The plate has a key-
hole i formed in it, which, when the bolt J is shot back, is situated over the
keyhole I of the lock plate B, as shown in Figure 1, so that the key can be
inserted; but when the bolt is shot forward the sliding plate is moved, so that
the keyhole of the lock is covered thereby, as shown at Figure 2. To effect
this motion of the sliding plate C, a pin c fixed thereto passes through a slot p
in the plate B, and is fixed inside the lock to the supplemental bolt D working
against the inner face of the plate B. This bolt has a notch M, by means of
which it, and consequently also the plate C, is moved backwards or forwards
by the key G at the same time that the bolt J is moved thereby; it is guided
by means of a stud o fixed to the plate B working in a slot k in the bolt; it is
furthermore provided with a projecting stud E, which passes into the space K
formed in the tumbler F. This tumbler works on a pin h passing through a
slot g in the bolt J, and fixed to the lock plate A. It is kept pressed down
by means of the spring f attached thereto pressing against the stud r on the
plate A. The tumbler has in addition to the space K a second space L
formed in it; the space K has two notches y and z, and the space L has two
other notches w and x. Into one of the latter passes the projecting studs of
the bolt J, according as it is shot backward or forward, it being in w when
the bolt is forward, as shown at Figure 4.. Into the notches y,, passes the

page_text: stud E on the bolt D, it being in z when shot forward. These notches of the
tumbler serve to retain both the bolts J and D,.as also the plate C, in position
when these are shot forward or locked, so that they cannot be pushed back.
The beard H of the key G has notches m, n, ou each side, into which fit the
wards a, a', fixed round the keyholes I, I; it is furthermore cut away some-
what at the lower end, so as to leave a projection e. By this arrangement it
will be seen that if the key is inserted from the inside, as at Figure 6,.in
order to lock the door, it will first raise the tumbler F, and then actuate both
the bolts D, J, shooting them forward, and at the same time covering the.outer
keyhole, as at Figure 2, after which the tumbler F will fall again and will
hold the bolts by the studs s and E passing into notches w and z, as before
described. If, on the other hand, the key is inserted from the outside to lock
the door, as shown at Figure 5, the projection e prevents the same from
actuating the bolt D and sliding plate C, while it shoots the bolt J again;
when the door is locked in this manner, namely, so that the bolt D is in its
backward position while the bolt J is shot forward, and the key is inserted
from the inside to unlock the door, this will not be possible on account of the
bolt D being in such a position as to prevent the key from raising the
tumbler, and in this case the lock will therefore also act as a bolt outside the
door.
Figures 7 and 8 show the manner in which the outer edges of the keyhole
i of the plate C are bevilled off, as before described, in order to prevent the
plate from being prized back when covering the keyhole I of the lock.
Having now described the nature of this Invention, and in what manner
the same is to be performed, I wish it to be understood that I am aware it is
not new to cover the keyhole of a lock by means of a plate actuated by means
of the key while locking the door, and I do not therefore claim this generally;
but what I claim is,-
First, constructing locks with a sliding plate for covering the one keyhole
when the bolt is shot, which plate is so arranged and actuated by means of a
supplemental bolt that it is moved forward, so as to cover the keyhole when
the key is inserted on the side of the lock opposite to the plate, but is not
'moved when the key is inserted on the other side, substantially as herein-
before described with reference to the accompanying Drawing.
Second, I claim in combination with the construction of lock herein-before
described the peculiar formation of the key, whereby it is made to actuate the
bolt D if inserted on one side of the lock, but is prevented from actuating the
same if inserted on the other side.

page_text: Third, I claim bevilling off the outer edges of the keyhole in the sliding
plate for the purposes herein-before stated.
In witness whereof, I, the said Frederic Pope, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Nineteenth day of May, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-six.
FRED. POPE. (L.S.)