IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ICE, AND IN APPARATUS OR APPLIANCES EMPLOYED THEREIN
Year: 1875

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Joshua Siddeley, of Liverpool, in the County
of Lancaster, Coppersmith, and Frederick Noel Mackay, of the
same Place, Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF ICE, AND IN APPARATUS OR APPLIANCES EMPLOYED
THEREIN
"
1.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Joshua Siddeley and
Frederick Noel Mackay at the Office of the Commissioners of
Patents, with their Petition, on the 10th May 1875.
We, JOSHUA SIDDELEY, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster,
Coppersmith, and FREDERICK NOEL MACKAY, of the same Place,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for " IM-
PROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ICE, AND IN APPARATUS OR APPLIANCES
EMPLOYED THEREIN," to be as follows:-
The first part of our Invention has for its object to facilitate the pro-
duction of transparent ice in large quantities economically. For this
purpose we cause the water to be frozen into ice to circulate from one

page_text: tank to another, or between the different tanks of a series. Agitation
of the water is augmented by the said circulation. We feed fresh cold
water of the required temperature to the tank in which the ice is of
greatest thickness; the overflow is of course from that tank to the next,
and onwards, should there be a series.
The object of the second part of our Invention is to cheapen the pro-
duction of slabs and blocks of ice by facilitating the removal of the
formed slabs or blocks from the cells, ways, or passages through which
the freezing or cooling brine or other fluid is made to pass.
Hitherto, when it has been desired to produce slabs or blocks of ice of
shorter length than the freezing cells, the object has been effected by
employing removable dividing pieces which have been inserted between
the cells.
Considerable difficulty is experienced in detaching the removable
dividing pieces from the slabs or blocks on account of such dividing
pieces being unacted upon, whilst the ice is thawed off the side of the
cells by the passage of warm brine or fluid.
Our Invention consists in forming the cells or passages through which
the freezing or cooling brine or fluid is caused to flow, whether such
cells or passages are stationary or movable, with hollow end or dividing
pieces, so that the same brine or fluid is caused, whilst passing through
the cells to enter the said end and dividing pieces. Such hollow pieces
are, by preference, made of a taper form, so that the ice can be quickly
detached without breaking the surface.
SPECIFICATION, in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, 2
filed by the said Joshua Siddeley and Frederick Noel Mackay in
the Great Seal Patent Office on the 10th November 1875..
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, JOSHUA
SIDDELEY, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, Coppersmith, and
FREDERICK NOEL MACKAY, of the same Place, Engineer, send greeting. 3
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Tenth day of May, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-five, in the thirty-eighth.

page_text: year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and
grant unto us, the said Joshua Siddeley and Frederick Noel Mackay,
Her special licence that we, the said Joshua Siddeley and Frederick
Noel Mackay, our executors, administrators, and assigns, or such
others as we, the said Joshua Siddeley and Frederick Noel Mackay,
our executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make,
use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ICE, AND IN APPARATUS OR APPLIANCES
EMPLOYED THEREIN," upon the condition (amongst others) that we, the
said Joshua Siddeley and Frederick Noel Mackay, our executors or
administrators, by an instrument in writing under our, or their, or one
of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and, ascertain the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be
performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent
Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date
of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said Joshua Siddeley and Frederick
Noel Mackay, do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention,
and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement, reference
being had to the accompanying Sheet of illustrative Drawings, and to
the figures and letters marked thereon, that is to say :—
The first part of our Invention has for its object to facilitate the pro-
duction of transparent ice in large quantities economically. For this
purpose we cause the water to be frozen into ice to circulate from one
tank to another, or between the different tanks of a series. Agitation of
the water is augmented by the said circulation. We feed fresh cold
water of the required temperature to the tank in which the ice is of
greatest thickness; the overflow is of course from that tank to the next
and onwards, should there be a series.
The object of the second part of our Invention is to cheapen the pro-
duction of slabs and blocks of ice by facilitating the removal of the
formed slabs or blocks from the cells, ways, or passages through which.
the freezing or cooling brine or other fluid is made to pass.

page_text: phragms to promote circulation. The brine circulates through the web,
hollow ends, and dividing pieces in this and the modifications hereafter
described, and like Figures are used to denote the same parts.
Fig. 5 is a side elevation, and Fig. 6 is an end view of another modi-
fication of cast metal cell, the web or body 1, the ends 2, and 'dividing
pieces 3 being made separate and beld together by the longitudinal
bolts 7.
Fig. 7 is a side elevation, and Fig. 8, a plan of a further modification
of cell constructed under our Invention. Here the side edges and ends
are formed of sheet metal, brazed, riveted, or otherwise connected ;.
8, perforated circulation plate.
Fig. 9 is a plan view showing a cell constructed with a sheet metal
web or body 1 and cast-iron ends 2 held together by longitudinal
bolts 7.
Fig. 10 is a side elevation, Fig. 11 is an end elevation, and Fig. 12 is.
a plan view showing a modification by which our hollow end and dividing
pieces may be attached to a metal web or body of ordinary construction.
The dividing pieces are attached by transverse bolts 9. The ends are
held in position by longitudinal bolts 7. Passages communicate from
the interior of the web to the interior of the ends and dividing pieces.
Fig. 13 is a side view, and Fig. 14, à plan showing a further modi.
fication similar to that described in Figs. 10, 11, and 12, in which the
dividing pieces 3 are secured to the web or body 1 by flanges.
Fig. 15 is a side view, Fig. 16, a plan of a modification in which
two cells, constructed as described under Figs. 7 and 8, are combined
in one length by means of the brine inlet and outlet pipes 4, 5, so
that the brine or other cooling medium can circulate from one to the
other.
It will be obvious that more than two cells can be combined as above
described, and that any of the foregoing modifications can be used for
this purpose.
Fig. 17 is a side view, and Fig. 18 is a plan view of a modification of
sheet metal cells, in which two cells, as described in Figs. 7 and 8, are
secured together at their ends to form one continuous cell.
Fig. 19 shows a further modification of sheet metal cells in which the
sides are each formed of one sheet.

page_text: Having now described our Invention so that others will be enabled
to understand the same, we claim,―
First. Causing the water to be frozen into ice to circulate from one
tank to another, or between the different tanks of a series, for the pur-
poses set forth.
Second. Feeding water to the tank in which ice is of greatest thickness,
for the purposes set forth.
Third. The arrangement of tanks and pipes, substantially as described,
for the purposes set forth.
Fourth. Constructing circulation cells with hollow ends or dividing
picces, or both, when the brine or other cooling medium circulates
through the web or body of the cell, and through the hollow ends and
dividing pieces, substantially as set forth.
Fifth. The constructions and arrangements of cells herein described
and illustrated in Figs. 2 to 19 inclusive, substantially as set forth.
In witness whereof, I, the said Frederick Noel Mackay, have
hereunto set my hand and seal, the Eighth day of November,
in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-
five.
]
In the presence of
J. T. KING,
Patent Agent,
Liverpool.
FRED. N. MACKAY. (L.S.)