Improvements in Reducing the Friction of Surfaces in Motion.
Year: 1897

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Reducing the Friction of Surfaces in Motion.
I, ROBERT COOKE SAYER, of 11, Clyde Road, Redland, Bristol, Civil Engineer,
do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
The object is to reduce the friction of axle bearings, the teeth of worm wheels,
and the like, by interposing concentric rigid, or excentric flexible rollers or bands
to run against lubricated ball bearings between the frictional surfaces;
so that when they exist, both vertical and horizontal pressures are taken by the
balls on one, or two points, or as ball roller bearings, to suit light or heavy
pressures.
See the two drawings where
DETAIL DESCRIPTION.
Fig. 1 shows a sectional elevation of an axle bearing on line c-c-d-d of
Fig. 2.
Fig. 2 a section of the same on line e-f of Fig. 1.
Fig. 3 a section of the same on line a-a-bb of Fig. 2.
Fig. 4 a sectional elevation of a worm and wheel.
Fig. 5 a section of the same on line -e of Fig. 4..
Fig. 6 a sectional plan of the same on line f-f of Fig. 5.
Fig. 7 an alternative section of part of the bearing for light weights.
Fig. 8 a section of part of the bearing for heavier weights.
Fig. 9 a section of part of the bearing for the heaviest weights or pressures.
In Figs. 1 to 3, A is a rotating axle having a flange 1 and recesses 2
and 3, it is coned at and carries a sleeve 5 upon which its vertical load is carried
by rings of balls 7 separated by the rings 9, that are kept in position by a part
of the axle box B, the axle recess 2, and the conical sleeve 4, which may be
adjusted by the screw bolts 14 through the holes 6, round the rim of which their
heads rest against the box B when its cover D has been removed by
the screw bolts 26. The axle A also has balls 17 interposed between
its recess 3 and the box B, and 18 between 13 and the head of the screw bolt 8
that travel in vertical paths upon the sleeve 16 to transfer both of the lateral
thrusts to the box B and horns C of the vehicle; so that the horns C at each end'
of the axle A simultaneously take the thrusts of A, or give the thrust of the
vehicle to A, and prevents strain to the vehicle body: the balls 17 and 18 have
rings 19 and 20. A hollow bolt 8 having parts for lubricating is screwed into
the axle A, it has a screw 12, to be taken out through the hole in the cover D
closed by the screw 13, when its lubricating union is to be attached the lubricant
passes to the balls 7 in the direction of the arrows, and out at the holes closed
by the screws 21 and 22 for cleansing.
When practicable the rings 9 are omitted and the rings of balls are kept
clear of one another by having the faces of the sleeves 4 and 5, not parallel as
above, but tapering, see Fig. 7, and the balls 7 of different sizes.

page_text: When the weight is too great to be carried on single points each side
of the balls 7, it is distributed on two points, Fig. 8, of balls 7
of equal size and greater weights are carried by ball roller paths, Fig. 9, to
still more distribute it over cach, ball, so that in each case they take both the
horizontal as well as the vertical pressures, the balls 17 and 18 not being
required the balls 7 are thrust round by the rotation of the axle A and when
opposite to their load are free from 5 and the motion of the axle A: the sleeve 4
is made in two parts to get the balts 7 in, with its joints where 7 are free from
pressure.
The axle box B rests upon the sleeve 4, it has lugs 11 to receive the horns 0:
a flange 23 takes the pressure of an elastic ring 15 interposed between it and the
flange 1 of the axle A it is kept in position by anchors 24 to retain the lubri-
cant the pressure against the ring 15 is limited by the balls 17, 18 or 7, as the
case may be, to its distance from the horns C. The box B carries the cover 1) by
screw bolts 26 which is made tight by the ring 25.
When the axles are fixed and the wheels of the vehicle only rotate, the same
obtains except, the box B is attached to or forms part of the wheels, instead of
to the horns C.
.
In Figs. 4 to 6 the friction of the surfaces I of the worm H, and that of the
teeth E of the wheel G, which are formed by the hollow bolts 8, have interposed
between them the concentric, or excentric as shown, roller bands 5, able to travel
upon the balls 7 that rotate on the bolt 8 in paths formed by the separating
rings 9, or as above, to suit the pressures to be transmitted and are similarly
supplied with a lubricant under pressure, by an annular elastic ring 10 connecting
all the bolts 8, and is prevented from escaping by elastic rings 15.
Dated this 30th day of December 1897.
Improvements in Reducing the Friction of Surfaces in Motion.
I, ROBERT COOKE SAYER, of 11, Clyde Road, Redland, Bristol, Civil Engineer,
do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement;-
The object is to reduce the friction of axle bearings, the teeth of worm wheels,
and the like, by interposing concentric rigid, or excentric flexible rollers or bands
to run against lubricated ball bearings between the frictional surfaces:
so that when they exist, both vertical and horizontal pressures are taken by the
balls on one, or two points, or as ball roller bearings, to suit light or heavy
pressures.
See the two drawings where
DETAIL DESCRIPTION.
Fig. 1 shows a sectional elevation of an axle bearing on line c-c-d-d of
Fig. 2.
a-b-b of Fig. 2.
Fig. 2 a section of the same on line -f of Fig. 1.
Fig. 3 a section of the same on line a-
Fig. 4 a sectional elevation of a worm and wheel.
Fig. 5 a section of the same on line e--e of Fig. 4.
Fig. 6a sectional plan of the same on line f-f of Fig. 5.

page_text: Fig. 7 an alternative section of part of the bearing for light weights.
Fig. 8 a section of part of the bearing for heavy weights.
Fig. 9 a section of part of the bearing for the heaviest weights.
In Figs. 1 to 3, A shows an axle to rotate having a flange 1 and recesses 2
and 3, it is coned at and carries a sleeve 5 upon which its vertical load is carried
by rings of balls 7 separated by the rings 9, that are kept in position by a part
of the axle box B, the axle recess 2, and the conical sleeve 4, which may be
adjusted by the screw bolts 14 through the holes 6, round the rim of which their
heads rest against the box B. The axle A also has balls 17 interposed between
its recesses 3 and the box B, and 18 between B and the head of the screw bolt 8,
that travel in vertical paths upon the sleeve 16 to transfer both of the lateral
thrusts to the box B and horns C of the vehicle: so that the horns C at each end
of the axle A simultaneously take the thrusts of A or give the thrusts of the
vehicle to A, and prevents strain to the vehicle body: the balls 17 and 18 have
rings 19 and 20. A hollow bolt 8 having parts for lubricating is screwed into
the axle A, it has a screw 12, to be taken out through the hole in the cover D
closed by the screw 13, when its lubricating union is to be attached; the lubricant
passes to the balls 7 in the direction of the arrows and out at the holes closed
by the screws 21 and 22 for cleansing.
When practicable the rings 9 are omitted and the rings of the balls 7 are kept
clear of one another by having the faces of the sleeves 4 and 5, not parallel as
above, but tapering, see Fig. 7, and the balls 7 of different sizes.
When the weight is too great to be carried on single points each side
of the balls 7, it is distributed on two points, Fig. 8, of balls 7
of equal size and greater weights are carried by ball roller paths, Fig. 9, to
still more distribute it over each ball, so that in each case they take both the
horizontal as well as the vertical pressures, the balls 17 and 18 not being then
required: the balls 7 are thrust round by the rotation of the axle A and when
opposite to their load are free from 5 and the motion of the axle A: the sleeve 4
is made in two parts to get the balls 7 in, with its joints where 7 are free from
pressure. The axle box B rests upon the sleeve 4, it has lugs 11 to receive the
horns C: and a cover 1 made tight by the ring 25 and held by the screw bolts 26:
a flange 23 takes the pressure of an elastic ring 15 interposed between it and the
flange 1 of the axle A: 15 is kept in position by anchors 24 to retain the lubri-
cant; the pressure against the ring 15 is limited by the balls 17, 18 or 7 as the
case may be, to its distance from the horns C.
When the axles are fixed and the wheels of the vehicle only rotate, the same
obtains except, the box B is attached to or forms part of the wheels, instead of
to the horns C.
In Figs. 4 to 6 the friction of the surfaces F of the worm H, and that of the
teeth E of the wheel G, which are formed by the hollow, bolts 8, have interposed
between them the concentric, or excentric as shown, roller bands 5, able to travel
upon the balls 7 that rotate on the bolt 8 in paths formed by the separating
rings 9, or as above, to suit the pressures to be transmitted, and are similarly
supplied with a lubricant under pressure, by an annular elastic ring 10 connecting
all the bolts 8, and is prevented from escaping by elastic rings 15.
Having now particularly described and, ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is:―
1st. Providing fixed or rotating axles, wheel teeth, and the like, with conical,
parallel or not, vertical and horizontal frictional surfaces interposed and carried
by rings of lubricated balls that traverse paths formed by dividing rings or angles
in the surfaces of concentric rigid or excentric flexible rollers or bands, made
atmospherically tight by elastic rings under a regulateable pressure, distributing
the load pressures upon the said balls at two points on each side, or more or less
continuously at their top and bottom to form ball roller bearings, while each ball

page_text: of a ring thrusts its fellow onwards by one point only, and when they are at the
opposite side of the axle or tooth to that taking the pressure, they run clear of
them:
2nd forming the sleeve in two parts with their joints where freedom and not
load pressure is allowed the balls, substantially as described and shown on the
drawings.
TX 1