An Improvement or Improvements in Buffers for Railway Carriages, Wagons and Locomotives, and other Vehicles.
Year: 1892

page_text: Date of Application, 4th Oct., 1892
Complete Specification Left, 22nd June, 1893-Accepted, 22nd July, 1893
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
An Improvement or Improvements in Buffers for Railway Carriages,
Wagons and Locomotives, and other Vehicles.
I WILSON MARSHALL, of Column House, Shrewsbury, in the County of Salop,
Mechanical Engineer do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
In railway carriage and like buffers as ordinarily constructed there is a liability
to the detachment of the buffer rod in consequence of the jarring motion of the
travelling carriage loosening and unscrewing the screw nut on the rear or screwed
end of the buffer rod by which nut and screw the buffer rod is prevented from being
withdrawn from the buffer box or case.
The object of my invention is to prevent the detachment of the buffer rod referred
to, and consists of the construction and arrangement of parts hereinafter described
whereby the liberation of the buffer rod by the jarring motion of the travelling
carriage is rendered impossible.
In constructing a buffer according to my invention I dispense with the screw on
the rear end of the buffer rod and the screw nut taking on the said screw.
At that part of the buffer rod which when the buffer is in its normal position is
situated a short distance from the internal shoulder of the front end of the buffer
box I make by the turning process a shallow tapering depression or neck which
depression or neck terminates at its rear end in a shoulder. I make a strong
detached ring like collar having an internal diameter slightly less than the diameter
of that part of the buffer rod situated in the buffer box and of an external diameter
nearly equal to the internal diameter of the front end of the buffer box. The rear
side of this collar has a short tubular piece the interior of which has the diameter
of the interior of the collar. The said tubular piece is thin in substance and tapers
externally from its junction with the collar. The said tubular piece has four or
other number of wide slits, which permit of it being contracted by pressure as
hereinafter explained. The said collar is heated so as to expand it sufficiently to
permit of its being passed onto that portion of the buffer rod which occupies the
buffer box and is forced home until it bears against the shoulder formed at the
junction of the front end of the buffer rod with the part of the said rod occupying
the buffer box. By means of a tubular tool introduced at the rear end of the buffer
box the tubular piece on the collar is contracted and forced into the shallow
depression or neck on the buffer rod and the collar is thus firmly fixed in position.
The buffer rod is consequently incapable of passing out of the front of the buffer
box beyond the distance required for the proper working of the buffer.
Instead of preventing the withdrawal of the buffer rod from the buffer box or
case by the collar described at the front end of the buffer rod, the same object may
be attained by the following arrangement of parts at the rear end of the buffer rod.
In place of the ordinary screw nut at the rear end of the buffer rod, I use a solid-
collar or head and at the rear end of the buffer box I use a double back plate.
Each plate of the double back plate is provided with a slot extending to the middle
of the back plate and terminating in a semi-circular end for receiving the buffer
rod. These back plates are by a sliding motion engaged with the buffer rod in
front of the solid collar or head at the rear end of the buffer rod, the said plates
being placed face to face. These plates are engaged with the buffer rod by sliding
them in opposite directions and fixing them in position in the buffer box so that the
slots in the two plates do not coincide but are situated in the same line.

page_text: By this arrangement the buffer rod while capable of the necessary longitudinal
motion for the working of the buffer, is incapable of being withdrawn from the
buffer box except by the removal of the sliding double back plate.
Dated the 4th day of October 1892.
W. T. WHITEMAN,
Agent for the Applicant.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
An Improvement or Improvements in Buffers for Railway Carriages,
Wagons and Locomotives, and other Vehicles.
I WILSON MARSHALL, of Column House Shrewsbury, in the County of Salop,
Mechanical Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of my invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement :-
In railway carriage and like buffers as ordinarily constructed there is a liability
to the detachment of the buffer rod in consequence of the jarring motion of the
travelling carriage loosening and unscrewing the screw nut on the rear or screwed
end of the buffer rod by which nut and screw the buffer rod is prevented from being
withdrawn from the buffer box or case.
The object of my invention is to prevent the detachment of the buffer rod referred
to and consists of the construction and arrangement of parts hereinafter described
whereby the liberation of the buffer rod by the jarring motion of the travelling
carriage is rendered impossible.
In constructing a buffer according to my invention I dispense with the screw on
the rear end of the buffer rod and the screw nut taking on the said screw.
At that part of the buffer rod which when the buffer is in its normal position
is situated a short distance from the internal shoulder of the front end of the
buffer box, I make by the turning process a shallow tapering depression or neck
which depression or neck terminates at its rear end in a shoulder. I make a
strong detached ring like collar having an internal diameter slightly less than
the diameter of that part of the buffer rod situated in the buffer box and of an
external diameter nearly equal to the internal diameter of the front end of the
buffer box. The rear side of this collar has a short tubular piece the interior
of which has the diameter of the interior of the collar. The said tubular piece
is thin in substance and is either parallel or tapers externally from its junction
with the collar. The said tubular piece has four or other number of wide slits,
which permit of it being contracted by pressure as hereinafter explained. The
said collar is heated so as to expand it sufficiently to permit of its being passed
on to that portion of the buffer rod which occupies the buffer box and is forced
home until it bears against the shoulder formed at the junction of the front end
of the buffer rod with the part of the said rod occupying the buffer box. By
means of a tubular tool introduced at the rear end of the buffer box, the tubular
piece on the collar is contracted and forced into the shallow depression or neck
on the buffer rod and the collar is thus firmly fixed in position. The buffer rod
is consequently incapable of passing out of the front of the buffer box beyond
the distance required for the proper working of the buffer.
I will now proceed to describe with reference to the accompanying drawing the
manner in which my invention is to be performed.
Figure 1 represents partly in longitudinal section and partly in side elevation, a
buffer for a railway carriage or other like vehicle containing my invention;
Figure 2 represents in elevation a portion of the buffer rod detached;
Figure 3 represents in end elevation and section detached the ring like collar
with its slit tubular piece before the latter has been contracted and shrunk upon

page_text: the buffer rod and Figure 4 represents the tubular tool which is used for contracting
and forcing the slit tubular piece of the ring like collar into the shallow depression
or neck on the buffer rod.
The same letters of reference indicate the same parts in the several figures of
the drawing.
The
a is the buffer box or case; b is the buffer rod working in the axis of the said
box its rear end passing through the back plate c; d is the strong coiled spring of
the buffer situated around the reduced rear part of the buffer rod, the front end of
the said spring bearing against the ring like collar e at the shoulder on the said
buffer rod and the rear end of the spring bearing against the back plate c.
said collar e in the normal position of the buffer rod abuts against the internal
shoulder a at the front end of the buffer box a. The ring like collar e has an
internal diameter suitable to fit closely upon the reduced part at 62 of the buffer
rod and the rear side of the collar has a short tubular piece e² the interior of
which has the same diameter as the interior of the collar. The tubular piece e² is
slit or divided by parallel and wide slits as represented in Figure 3.
This slitting
is effected by a circular saw. The tubular piece of the collar is thin in substance
compared with the collar and before it is fixed to the buffer rod its sides are
parallel as represented in Figure 3. At the rear of the reduced part 2 of the
buffer rod b, on which the collar e is fitted, is a shallow tapering depression or
neck terminating at its rear end in a shoulder 6. The neck 3 of the buffer rod
is made by the turning process.
rod.
In fixing the detached collar e and its tubular piece e Figure 3, on the buffer
rod b, the buffer rod is passed into the empty buffer box a from the front thereof
and the combined collar e and tubular piece e is heated. The collar e is thereby
expanded sufficiently to permit of its being passed onto the reduced part at 6² of
the buffer rod b occupying the box and is forced home against the shoulder on the
buffer rod b. When the collar e has in this position been shrunk upon the buffer
rod its tubular slit piece e is situated over the neck or depression in the buffer
The tubular tool represented in Figure 4, having a hollow conical end fand
a closed end or head 3 is passed onto the buffer rod at the rear open end of the
buffer box a so that its conical end embraces the end of the tubular piece e². By
striking the head of the tool by means of a hammer so as to drive it forward its
hollow conical end is advanced over the tubular piece e² which is thereby con-
tracted and forced into the shallow depression or neck 63 on the buffer rod as
represented in Figure 1. The contraction of the tubular piece e in the neck ³ of
the buffer rod may be effected while it is hot or after it has cooled.
By this
contraction of the tubular piece e upon the depression or neck 63 and the shrinking
of the collar e the said collar is firmly fixed in position on the buffer rod.
It will be seen by reference to Figure 1 that by means of the permanently
fixed collar e on the buffer rod, the said rod is incapable of passing out of the front
of the buffer box, beyond the distance required for the proper working of the
buffer.
After the collar e has been fixed on the buffer rod the spring d is placed in the
buffer box and around the buffer rod and the rear end of the buffer box closed by
the backplate c in the ordinary way to complete the buffer.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my invention
and the manner in which the same is to be performed I declare that I claim as my
invention of "An improvement or improvements in buffers for railway carriages,
wagons, and locomotives and other vehicles";-
The construction and combination of parts hereinbefore described and illustrated
in the accompanying drawing for preventing the detachment of the buffer rod from
the buffer box or case, the said construction and combination of parts consisting of
a strong ring like collar fixed by shrinking on the buffer rod at the shoulder of the
buffer rod within the buffer box or case, the said ring like collar being fixed firmly

page_text: in its place by the contracting of a slit tubular piece at the rear of the collar upon
a shallow tapering.depression or neck in the buffer rod substantially as described
and illustrated.
Dated the Twenty-first day of June 1893
WILSON MARSHALL.