IMPROVEMENTS IN PAINTING, STAINING, FIGURING, AND ORNAMENTING WOVEN AND TEXTILE FABRICS, Woon, LEATHER, OR ANY OTHER MATERIAL, SUBSTANCE, OR COMPOSITION, AND IN MACHINERY AND APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN
Year: 1851

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, PETER
WOOD, of the firm of Thomas Bury & Co., Dyers, Finishers, and Calenderers,
of Salford, in the County of Lancaster, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date at Westminster,
the Twenty-fourth day of February, in the fourteenth year of Her reign, and in
the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-one, did give and
grant unto me, the said Peter Wood, my exors, admors, and assigns, Her
especial licence, full power, sole privilege and authority, that I, the said Peter
Wood, my exors, adñiors, and assigns, and such others as I, the said Peter
Wood, my exors, adiñors, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no
others, from time to time and at all times hereafter during the term of years
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend;
within that part of Her Majesty's United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Ireland called England, Her Dominion of Wales, and the Town of Berwick-
upon-Tweed, and also in Her Islands of Jersey, Guernsey, Alderney, Sark,
and Man, and in all Her Majesty's Colonies and Plantations abroad, my
Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN PAINTING, STAINING, FIGURING, AND ORNAMENTING
WOVEN AND TEXTILE FABRICS, Woon, LEATHER, OR ANY OTHER MATERIAL, SUBSTANCE,
OR COMPOSITION, AND IN MACHINERY AND APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN ;" in which
said Letters Patent is contained a proviso, that I, the said Peter Wood, shall
cause a particular description of the nature of my said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, by an instrument in writing under my
band and seal, to be enrolled in Her said Majesty's High Court of Chancery

page_text: within six calendar months next immediately after the date of the said in
part recited Letters Patent, reference being thereunto had, will more fully
and at large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
Peter Wood, do hereby declare that the nature of my Invention, and the
manner. in which the same is to be performed, are particularly set forth,
described, and ascertained in and by the following description or Specification,
reference being had to the Drawings hereunto annexed, that is to say-
My Invention relates to improvements in printing, staining, figuring, and
ornamenting woven and textile fabrics, wood, leather, or any other material,
substance, or composition, by the use of precipitated or otherwise finely divided
metals. And in order that the nature of my said Inventiou, and the manner of
performing the same may be distinctly set forth and understood, I will first
explain the manner or method by which finely divided metals have hitherto
been used for this purpose:-In employing finely divided metals hitherto it has
been usual to apply glair, size, or other adhesive substance to the particular
part of the surface of the material desired to be covered by the metal, then
laying on the leaf metal, or dusting or sprinkling the powdered metal by hand
upon the parts to which the adhesive substances have been so applied, and then
removing the excess of the powdered metal not adhering to the surface by
means of a brush. But according to my Invention, instead of applying the
metal in sheets or dust to an adhesive substance or surface, I use the metals in
a precipitate or finely divided state, mixed with any of the varieties of common
starch, or other like thickening, in about the following proportions, that is to
say: I take about six pounds of starch and dissolve it in about six gallons of
water, with about three ounces of bees-wax added to it; I then raise the
said mixture to a temperature sufficient to melt the wax, the whole of which
must be kept well stirred; I then add to the said mixture about twenty-eight
pounds of finely divided or precipitated metal, and continue the stirring till it
is equally distributed throughout the entire mass, so that when it assumes
the appearance of a thick paste it is fit for use, and may be used as in
the ordinary method of using colouring matters in the different processes
of calico printing; or the said paste may be applied by my improved ma-
chine or apparatus, shewn in the annexed Drawings and herein-after described.
If it be desired only to cover one surface of the fabric or material to
be ornamented, the mixture or preparation aforesaid may be applied to
such surface with a brush or any other suitable apparatus; but if both
sides of the fabric or material are to be ornamented, they must be drawn
through the mixture or preparation, and any suferfluity or excess of the said

page_text: mixture must be carefully removed: The fabric or material after being printed,
figured, or ornamented with the metallic mixture aforesaid is to be finished';
this I accomplish by calendering or embossing the fabric or material in the usual
manner by the ordinary calendering or embossing machine; the pressure and
friction of the said machine upon-the fabric or material printed or ornamented
with the metallic mixture aforesaid .bring out the metallic particles in full
brilliance; but if the formation or composition of the material to be orna-
mented is of such a nature as not to admit of the use of the calendering or
embossing machine, the metallic lustre or brilliance may be developed by
pressure and friction applied-by any of the ordinary or usual methods. The
fabrics or materials having been figured or ornamented; as already described,
I employ the ordinary degging and drying machine to take off the gloss or
lustre.from the fabrics or materials.so figured. or ornamented by the aforesaid
processes without taking the, gloss or lustre off the parts of the surfaces so
figured or ornamented with the metāls....
I will now proceed to describe the part of my said Invention which relates
to the machinery or apparatus for applying the said mixture or preparation of
metals in a précipitate or finely, divided state mixed with starch. or other
thickening to the fabrics. or materials,: as aforesaid, the said. machinery or
apparatus being also adapted for applying the metals in a pulverized stäté, or
in. a state of dust, instead of by hand, as hitherto...The said machinery..or
apparatus will be clearly understood by reference. to.the. Drawings .hereunto
annexed, in which the same letters of reference are used to refer to the same
parts where different views are shown.
>
Figs. 1, 2, and 3 show my improved machine or apparatus for printing
surfaces with metals; Fig. 1 is a longitudinal section of the said machine or
apparatus; Fig. 2, an end elevation; and Fig. 3, a longitudinal elevation thereof.
a, represents the drying cylinders; a¹, stands or conductors for supplying the
drying cylinders with steam; c, a circular brush to brush off the surplus metal
from the fabric or material when printed upon; d, a beater roller to keep
the fabric or material in contact with the brushes; e, a circular brush to brush
the metal through the perforated cylinder f, and to add an additional quantity
of metal to the figured surface when necessary; g, a hopper to receive the
metal; h, drawers to receive the surplus metal; i, frame; j, pullies to drive
the drying cylinders, heater, and brushes; k, spur wheels, to drive the drying
cylinders; 1, a pressure roller; m, printing roller; n, levers to press the
printing roller against the presser roller; o, rollers to carry the endless sheet
p, to feed the printing roller with color and metal; q, a trough for holding
the aforesaid mixture of metals and thickening.

page_text: Having now described the nature of my said improvements, and the arrange-
ments for carrying the same into practical effect, I desire it to be distinctly
understood that I do not confine myself to the precise details herein mentioned,
as such may be varied according to the peculiar circumstances of each case for
the purposes of carrying out my Invention; but what I claim as the Invention
for which the said Letters Patent were granted is,-
Firstly, the printing, staining, figuring, and ornamenting woven and textile
fabrics, wood, leather, or any other material, substance, or composition, by the
use of metals in a precipitate or finely divided state, mixed with starch or other
thickening matter, and the finishing such surfaces as above described.
Secondly, I claim the machinery or apparatus constructed and applied in
.the manner and for the purposes above described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Peter Wood, have hereunto set. mý
hand and seal, this Twenty-third day of July, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-one.
Enrolled the Sixth day of August, in the year of our Lord One thousand
eight hundred and fifty-one.