Improvements in or connected with Refrigerators.
Year: 1889

page_text: Date of Application, 24th Oct., 1889
Complete Specification Left, 4th Nov., 1889-Accepted, 7th Dec., 1889
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in or connected with Refrigerators.
We, WILLIAM Howard Haines, of 116 Golden Hillock Road, Birmingham.
Warwickshire, Mechanical Engineer, and JOHN BAKER, of 4 School Street, King's
Hill, Wednesbury, Staffordshire, Mechanical Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of
this invention to be as follows :-
This invention relates to improvements in the construction and arrangement of
refrigerators, and in their circulating pipes; used in the various forms of apparatus
for cooling or freezing, by any of the freezing agents such as ammonia, ether, air,
or acids; and its object is to provide an improved arrangement or method of securing
the brine circulating pipes therein, whereby the removal of a cover is unnecessary,
when it is required to remove or repair any one or more of such pipes; also one part
of this improved method of securing such pipes being applicable to refrigerators as
now used; also in providing that the covers or ends of the shell of the refrigerator
shall be welded thereto, as a permanently closed or sealed up vessel.
In the arrangements now in use. very much difficulty and expense is experienced
in removing, a worn out or damaged pipe from the refrigerator; and not only so, but
to do this, necessitates the breaking of cover joints, and the removal of the cover; and
further, as the pipes are now secured to the cover of the refrigerator, they are
expensive, and the securing strain is thrown upon the said pipe, whilst it is further
weakened at an important point, by reason of a screw thread being cut thereon to
receive a collar below, or inside the said cover. To obviate these difficulties and
defects is the object of this invention.
At each end of the cylinder, which forms the shell of the refrigerator, we weld
thereto the covers or ends, the one end being of considerable thickness in order to
accommodate the attachment of the brine, circulating pipes.
In this end we provide as large a number of holes as convenient for the insertion
and attachment of straight pipes, which said pipes extend to within a short distance
of the bottom of the refrigerator; and having their inner (lower) end welded up or
stopped.
These pipes are secured to the upper end of the refrigerator after the following
manner-The hole in the end of the shell is made at its lower part equal to the
external diameter of the pipe so as to just freely admit the said pipe therethrough.
After allowing a suitable thickness of metal at this diameter, the said hole is enlarged
in order to receive a lead washer and a tubular screw down plug. The internal of
this plug has also two diameters, the upper one being equal to the internal diameter
of the pipe; and the lower one equal to its external diameter, thus forming a
shoulder against which the upper end of the pipe inay rest. At the upper external
part a hexagon is formed whereby it may be screwed down, whilst at its lower
part a screw-thread is formed which takes into a screw-thread formed in the hole in
the refrigerator end.
Thus when the pipe is passed into the hole with the lead washer around it, and
the plug screwed home, a perfect joint is made by the lead washer, while the
pipe is secured without any undue strain thereon, but which can be readily removed
when required.
In some instances we may modify the mode of securing the pipe by welding or
otherwise attaching a collar thereon, at a point above the contracted part of the
hole in the refrigerator immediately beneath the lead washer.
In some instances however this external collar may be formed by doubling or
olding the metal at such part into a flange form, upon which then rests the lead
vasher as before, in either of which cases the screw plug may or may not have

page_text: the two internal diameters, in other respects however, the various parts would be
similar to those already described.
From a chamber above the refrigerator, small pipes are suspended within the afore-
said pipes, reaching to within a short distance of their lower extremity. Through
these small pipes the brine or other noncongealable liquid passes to the bottom, and
then rises to the top of the external pipes within the refrigerators and thence to the
tank &c.
Dated thio 22nd day of October 1880
CHARLES T. POWELL.
Applicants' Agent.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in or connected with Refrigerators.
We, WILLIAM HOWARD HAINES, of 116 Golden Hillock Road, Birmingham,
Warwickshire, Mechanical Engineer, and JOHN BAKER, of 4 School Street, King's
Hill, Wednesbury, Staffordshire, Mechanical Engineer, do hereby declare the nature
of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
:-
This invention relates to improvements in the construction and arrangement of
refrigerators, and in their circulating pipes; used in the various forms of apparatus
for cooling or freezing, by any of the freezing agents such as ammonia, ether, air, or
acids; and its object is to provide an improved arrangement or method of securing
the brine circulating pipes therein, whereby the removal of a cover is unnecessary,
when it is required to remove or repair any one or more of such pipes; also one part
of this improved method of securing such pipes being applicable to refrigerators as
now used; also in providing that the covers or ends of the shell of the refrigerator
shall be welded thereto, as a permanently closed or sealed up vessel.
In the arrangements now in usc, very much difficulty and expense is experienced
in removing a worn out or damaged pipe from the refrigerator; and not only so, but
to do this, necessitates the breaking of cover joints and the removal of the cover;
and further in most if not all the present methods of securing the pipes to the cover
of the refrigerator is expensive, and the securing strain is thrown upon the said pipe,
whilst it is further weakened at an important point by reason of a screw thread being
cut thereon to receive a collar below, or inside the said cover. To obviate these
difficulties and defects is the object of this our invention.
In order to more particularly describe and ascertain the nature of this our inven-
tion and how it is to be performed, we have appended hereunto an illustrative sheet
of drawings, upon which are figures and letters of reference, similar letters referring
throughout the several views to the same thing or part, and in which :-
Fig. 1, is a general sectional view of the refrigerator &c.
Fig. 2, is a sectional plan of the refrigerator &c. upon line A-B.
Fig. 3, shews an enlarged detail sectional view of the arrangement of securing
the circulating pipes in the refrigerator.
Figs. 4, & 5, are sectional views shewing modified arrangements of securing the
circulating pipes.
At each end of the cylinder a, which forms the shell of the refrigerator, we weld
thereto the covers or ends b, & c, the one end b, being of considerable thickness in
order to accommodate the attachment of the brine circulating pipes d.
In this end b, we provide as large a number of holes as convenient for the insertion
and attachment of straight pipes d, which said pipes extend to within a short distance
of the bottom C, of the refrigerator, and having their inner (lower) end e, welded up
or stopped.
These pipes are secured to the upper end b, of the refrigerator after the following
manner see Fig. 3. The hole in the end of the shell is made at its lower part f,
equal to the external diameter of the pipe d, so as to just freely admit the said pipe

page_text: therethrough. After allowing a suitable thickness of metal at this diameter, the said
hole is enlarged in order to receive a lead washer g, and a tubular screw down plug h.
The internal of this plug has also two diameters, the upper one i, being equal to the
internal diameter of the pipe; and the lower one j, equal to its external diameter,
thus forming a shoulder against which the upper end of the pipe may rest. At the
upper external part k, a hexagon is formed, whereby it may be screwed down, whilst
at its lower part a screw thread is formed, which takes into a screw thread formed in
the hole in the refrigerator end.
Thus when the pipe is passed into the hole with the lead washer g, around it, and
the plug h, screwed home, a perfect joint is made by the lead washer, while the pipe d,
is thereby secured without any undue strain thereon, but which can be readily removed
when required.
In some instances we may modify the mode of securing the pipe by welding or
otherwise attaching a collar 1, thereon, at a point above the contracted part of the
hole in the refrigerator immediately beneath the lead washer as seen in Fig. 4.
In some cases however this external collar may be formed by doubling or folding
the metal at such part into a flange form as seen in Fig. 5, upon which then rests the
lead washer g, as before, in either of which cases the screw plug h, may or may not
have the two internal diameters, in other respects however, the various parts would
be similar to those already described, and operate in a similar manner.
From a chamber above the refrigerator small pipes n, are suspended within the
aforesaid pipes, reaching to within a short distance of their lower extremity. Through
these small pipes the brine or other noncongealable liquid passes to the bottom, and
then rises to the top of the external pipes within the refrigerators, and thence to the
tank o &c., as indicated by the arrows. Suitable inlets or outlets as at m, are provided
in the shell where required for the attachment or connection of any required fittings.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what we
claim is:-
1st. Making the shells of refrigerators, having no removable cover or end,
substantially as herein described and illustrated upon the drawings.
2nd. The method of connecting and securing to refrigerators, the circulating pipes,
substantially as shown in Fig. 3.
3rd. The modified methods of connecting and securing the circulating pipes,
substantially as described and illustrated upon the drawings in Figs. 4, & 5.
Dated this 2nd day of November 1889.
CHARLES T. POWELL,
12, Cherry Street, Birmingham, Applicants' Agent.