matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF CONSTRUCTING STREET RAILWAYS
Year: 1883

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frank Wirth at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 9th June 1883. A communication from
Carl Binder a person resident at Friedrichsthal in the Empire of Germany
FRANK WIRTH, of the firm of Wirth and Company, Patent Solicitors, at
Frankfort on the Main, in the Empire of Germany, "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
METHOD OF CONSTRUCTING STREET RAILWAYS" [A communication from Carl
Binder a person resident at Friedrichsthal in the Empire of Germany]
This invention relates to tramway rails, and has for its object to manufacture
rails in such a manner that the wheels will roll on the central part of the said rail
and that the rolling surface thus central shall be provided with two channels
symmetrically arranged on either side of the centre of the same rail, and further
to increase the resistance of the flanges of the said rail by means of triangular
projections which help to keep the permanent way together.
Tramway rails as heretofore constructed have not entirely fulfilled the general
requirements, especially the two of greatest importance namely the pressure of the
carriage wheels must take effect in the centre line of the rail;-and the distribution
of the material should be such that the greatest resistance possible may be
obtained.
The system of "Demerle" which is in general use is even no exception to the
above.
According to the present invention I construct rails which thoroughly fulfil the
above requirements, and also other requirements necessary for the production of
good rails.
In one form the rail which has two channels arranged one on each side of the
bearing surface of the said rail, the fixing of the rail is effected by means of
horizontal surfaces upon which the fish plates are laid. When a good pavement is
laid down it is necessary to fill the space between the head and foot of the rail
with concrete or the like; the underside surface over which the load is distributed
is made small the consequence of which is that the moment of the resistance of the
rail is great.
In another form the rail has a channel. The lower part of the
flanges of the said rail are strengthened by means of projections of triangular
Price 2d]

page_text: shape. As the load acts excentrically this system is of use only when the
permanent way is well laid and carries a load well. In another form which
answers when a single line is laid upon wooden sleepers the load is in the centre
on the bearing surface, channels being arranged symmetrically on each side of the
same. In another form the bearing surface of the rail is in the centre of the same,
the flanges are also provided with projections, two channels being likewise
This form. fulfils all the
arranged symmetrically on each side of the rail proper.
conditions required for the manufacture of a good rail for tramways. The rails are
made of steel,, the fish plates and other parts being made of iron..
IMPROVEMENTS IN PLAITING MACHINES
Year: 1883

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Jethro Foot and Robert Jethro Foot
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 4th June 1883.
JETHRO FOOT and ROBERT JETHRO FOOT both of 101 Grays Inn Road,
Holborn "IMPROVEMENTS IN PLAITING MACHINES."
This invention has reference in plaiting machines and consists in mounting in
suitable bearings set in two end fraines a series of horizontal guide and pressure
rollers so as to retain and keep in position a hollow pressing cylinder which is
heated from its interior by means of oil or gas. Over the guide and pressure rolls
and passing from one to the other is placed an endless travelling cloth between
which and the pressing cylinder the material to be plaited is carried. The plaits
are formed by the to and fro action of a lever to which is attached a horizontal
blade the length of the cylinder and rolls. This blade is provided with a serrated
edge for more securely holding the material. Each stroke of the lever pushes a
portion of the material to be plaited between the central pressing cylinder and the
uppermost of the series of guide and pressure rolls thus forming the plait the width
of which is regulated by the amount of travel which the lever may be adjusted to
perform. The upper roll is caused to revolve by means of a pawl and ratchet
mechanism put in motion by the aforesaid lever through a connecting rod, the
other rolls and pressing cylinder being driven by the friction of the endless
travelling cloth the tightness of which is regulated by providing one of the rolls
with adjusting screws for adjusting its position in the frames. Cluster plaiting is
done by making the desired number of plaits then raising the blade clear of the
material to be operated on and making a given number of strokes with the
operating lever during which time a certain length of material will have passed
into the machine without being plaited; the blade is then replaced in position for
plaiting and so on continuously.
The central pressing cylinder instead of being mounted so as to be encircled and
held in position by the guide and pressure rollers may be fitted to a central and
turn in end bearings.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR WASHING PHOTOGRAPHS
Year: 1883

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Weaver Tattersall at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 28th February 1883.
JAMES WEAVER TATTERSALL of Accrington in the County of Lancaster
Photographer IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR WASHING PHOTOGRAPHS
The object of this invention is to wash Photographs on paper and glass more
expeditiously and more effectually than hitherto
I accomplish my object in the following manner: I construct a casing of Zinc,
Tin, Wood or other suitable material for a small business, and for large businesses-
I fit up a room. Into the case or room as the business requires, I so arrange piping
connected with the Town's main or other water supply, with jets, so constructed as
to break up the water issuing from such jets into fine spray; this spray is brought
into either direct or indirect contact with the photographs which in one case I
place upon trays above the outlet for overflow and in the other somewhat below
Buch overflow.
I know of no mode of washing by any apparatus which will accomplish the
effectual washing in less than four hours, by my improved apparatus I can
effectually wash photographs in less than thirty minutes.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN CHAIRS FOR THEATRES AND OTHER PUBLIC BUILDINGS
Year: 1883

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Peter Jensen at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 9th November 1883. Communicated to
him from abroad by The Mac Kaye Manufacturing Company of New York in
the State of New York United States of America.
"
PETER JENSEN of 33 Chancery Lane in the County of Middlesex "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN CHAIRS FOR THEATRES AND OTHER PUBLIC BUILDINGS (A
communication to me from abroad by The Mac Kaye Manufacturing Company of
New York in the State of New York United States of America).
This invention relates to chairs designed for use in theatres, public halls, and
other places where large audiences or congregations of people assemble. The object
of the invention is not only to increase the comfort and convenience of such chairs,
but also to render their presence an advantage rather than an obstruction to rapid
and safe egress from such places in the event of a fire or panic. The chair is
composed of a swinging bracket, supported on a columnar stand, which bracket
carries a pivotted back and a folding seat provided with a folding leg; folding arms
being also applied. These parts are so combined that in folding the seat up against
the back the arms and leg also fold; and when the chair is thus folded up it may
be swung back on its stand, in order thus, in conjunction with chairs in rear of it
folded up and swung back in like manner, to form an aisle or passage toward the
exit of the theatre or hall. It is preferred to hang two chairs on one and the same
columnar stand, thus forming a duplex chair; and it is also preferred to apply a
spring to each chair serving to fold up the seat automatically the moment the
occupant rises. The chair is also provided with a hat holder, a stand for umbrellas,
canes and the like, and a coat-rack.
Year: 1883

page_text: EDWIN AMBROSE BRYDGES of the firm of Brydges & Co., Engineers and Patent
Solicitors, of 107 Koniggratzer Str: in the City of Berlin and German Empire,
communicated to him by Gustav Heinrich Pfeifer, of the City of Freiberg, in the.
Kingdom of Saxony and German Empire.
AN IMPROVED REAGENT FOR TESTING WINE
Year: 1883

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alfred Julius Boult at the Office
-
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 12th May 1883. A communication
from Camille Pradines, of Molières in the Republic of France
"
ALFRED JULIUS BOULT of 323 High Holborn in the county of Middlesex
Engineer." AN IMPROVED REAGENT FOR TESTING WINE' [a communication from
Camille Pradines, of Molières in the Republic of France]
This invention relates to a reagent for testing wine to ascertain its purity.
The reagent is produced by complete saturation of pure ammonia with rectified
ether
The process of manufacture is exactly similar to that commonly employed for
making dissolved chlorine, a description of which will be found in most books on
Chemistry.
The product will have to be filtered and stored in carefully stoppered vessels
and protected from light.
It is employed as follows: About 5 (five) centilitres of water are poured into a
glass then 50 (fifty) drops of the wine to be tested are added and the mixture
agitated; 5-6 (five or six) drops of the reagent prepared as above stated are then
added and the whole again agitated.
If the wine to be tested is pure, the mixture will assume a fine green color, if
the wine is reduced by water the liquid will be pale green, if the wine is in any
manner adulterated not a trace of green color will be perceptible in the mixture,
which will assume some different color, such as red, light or dark brown
AN IMPROVED CONSTRUCTION OR ARRANGEMENT OF POCKET APPLIANCES FOR PREVENTING WATCH ROBBERIES FROM THE PERSON
Year: 1883

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Badcock at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 28th December 1883.
JAMES BADCOCK of 6 Westmoreland Buildings, Aldersgate Street in the City of
London Manufacturer and Warehouseman
"AN IMPROVED CONSTRUCTION OR
ARRANGEMENT OF POCKET APPLIANCES FOR PREVENTING WATCH ROBBERIES FROM
THE PERSON
"
The object of this invention is to prevent watch robberies from the person.
For the purpose of my invention I attach the ends of cords, tapes or the like to
the side ends of the pocket. These cords or their equivalent have a slip or sliding
ferrule fitted on them in such a manner that it can be slid along by the fingers as
desired to form a loop between the two cords as to open a passage through which
the watch can pass or the loop can be so closed over the watch by sliding the slip
or ferrule in the reverse direction as to lock or secure the watch in the pocket.
The cords or tapes at one side end of the pocket are attached to the pocket
proper within the seam but at the other side end the cords are attached to the
outside, the two cords being passed through apertures in the back and the front
fabrics (preferably) of wash leather of which the pocket is made.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN APPARATUS FOR HEATING WATER BY GAS FOR DOMESTIC AND OTHER PURPOSES AND RETAINING THE HEAT
Year: 1883

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Brinsmead at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 13th April 1883.
HENRY BRINSMEAD of Ipswich in the County of Suffolk Engineer
"IMPROVE-
MENTS IN APPARATUS FOR HEATING WATER BY GAS FOR DOMESTIC AND OTHER
PURPOSES AND RETAINING THE HEAT."
I enclose a metallic boiler in a casing of wood or other suitable material leaving
a space between the boiler and 'the outside casing which space I fill with non-
conducting material
I furnish the boiler with a removable bottom and a lid or cover both being
lined or padded with nonconducting material.
I apple a gas burner (preferably of the kind known as atmospheric gas burners)
to the bottom of the boiler for heating the water.
While the water is being heated the bottom cover where the gas is applied is
removed, Immediately the water is hot the gas burner is removed and the padded
bottom is replaced to prevent radiation
IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BOOTS AND SHOES
Year: 1883

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Henry Stevens at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 5th December 1883. Partly the
result of a communication to him from abroad by William James of Chicago
in the State of Illinois in the United States of America and partly his own
invention.
WILLIAM HENRY. STEVENS of Leicester in the County of Leicester IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BOOTS AND SHOES partly the result of a
communication to me from abroad by William James of Chicago in the State of
Illinois in the United States of America and partly my own invention
The invention has for its object improvements in the manufacture of boots and
shoes and relates to a method of forming the toe cap whereby great durability
and almost indestructibility are obtained.
Heretofore the toe cap has been formed of a separate piece of leather either
moulded in dies to the required shape and then sewn to the upper and lasted
therewith or it has been formed of a separate piece of leather first sewn in the flat
to the upper and then lasted to shape in the usual way of lasting an upper without
a toe cap.
In carrying the present Invention into effect the toe cap is formed of a
continuation of the sole or middle sole beyond the point required for the sole such
continuation being suitably skived and sewn to the upper after which the upper
and the connected sole or middle sole are lasted. If the toe cap is produced from
an extension of the middle sole, the outer sole is fixed to the upper over the
middle sole in the usual manner thereby affording the required protection to the
base of the cap but if the toe cap is produced from the sole, then a clump is
fixed outside the sole to take the wear. In some cases in order to afford additional
protection against wear of the base of the toe cap I insert a wedge shaped piece
of leather or other material between the sole and the toe end of the middle sole,
or between the sole and the clump.
NEW OR IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF ILLUMINATING AND HEATING GAS FROM PETROLEUM AND OTHER OILS
Year: 1883

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Herbert John Haddan at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 14th March 1883. A communication
to him from abroad by Doctor Heinrich Hirzel, of Leipzig, in the kingdom of
Saxony,
HERBERT JOHN HADDAN, of Kensington, Middlesex, "NEW OR IMPROVED
APPARATUS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF ILLUMINATING AND HEATING GAS FROM
PETROLEUM AND OTHER OILS," a communication to me from abroad by Doctor
Heinrich Hirzel, of Leipzig, in the kingdom of Saxony,
This invention relates to apparatus for the destructive distillation of petroleum
tar, and other oils.
For this purpose I use a spherical retort preferably of cast-iron, and provided
with two necks, one at the front and one at the back, the front neck being
connected with a short cap which carries a syphon for the oil-inlet, while the rear
neck is connected with another cap from which a pipe leads to the condenser. The
retort is mounted in a furnace and heated, thereby causing the decomposition of the
oil contained in it, and allowing the gas to escape to the condenser.
Instead of making the retort spherical, it may be made hemispherical, egg-shaped,
pear-shaped or of any similar round shape. Or it may be made oblong, with
several spherical enlargements.
In some cases the retort may have a neck and a cap provided with a tongue,
adapted to separate the inlet and outlet, instead of two necks and caps, or two caps
may be placed at an angle to each other,
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF BAKERS' OVENS
Year: 1883

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Albert Ferdinand Link at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 16th October 1883. communicated to
him from abroad by H Grunwald of Gross-Glogan in the Empire of Germany
Engineer
ALBERT FERDINAND LINK of 6 Union Court Chambers Union Court in the
City of London IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF BAKERS' OVENS "
a communication from abroad by H Grunwald of Gross-Glogan in the Empire of
Germany Engineer
The object of my invention is to effect certain improvements in Bakers Ovens,
by applying thereto two or more furnaces for the purpose of equalizing and
regulating the degrees of heat to be applied to the various parts of the same
I construct such ovens usually with two furnaces, but I do not confine myself to
that number
One furnace is so placed and has such flues in connection therewith, that the heat
therefrom is first communicated to the roof from a flue or flues running to the
length of the oven, at the end whereof it descends to a transverse flue leading to the
chimney. This I call the "upper firing."
Another furnace communicates with a flue which passes under the floor of the
oven, the heat therefrom being communicated to the floor of the oven, and after
the greater portion of the heat has been thus utilized, the gases are led by other
suitable flues to the chimney. This I call the "lower firing."
By the above described means, and various modifications thereof, I am enabled to
regulate the upper and lower firing and the application of the heat to the oven in
such a manner as to effect the various operations in baking in a superior manner,
and with greater economy of fuel than hitherto.
I also sometimes arrange two or more separate baking spaces, in one structure,
in such a manner that various kinds of viands may be cooked at one time, although
each may require a different mode of treatment; such baking spaces being in some
cases superposed, and in others placed on one level, and the various flues are
arranged to suit the arrangement of the baking spaces
It is obvious that by thus uniting two or more furnaces and ovens in one
structure, economy of fuel is effected, as the loss of heat by conduction is greatly
reduced, and the cost of construction and the space occupied are in like manner
greatly lessened.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ELECTRICAL ACCUMU- LATORS
Year: 1883

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Edward Newton at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 27th March 1883. Communicated to
him from abroad by Denis Monnier of Paris in the Republic of France
HENRY EDWARD NEWTON of the Office for Patents 66 Chancery Lane in the
County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer "IMPROVEMENTS IN ELECTRICAL ACCUMU-
LATORS." [Communicated to him from abroad by Denis Monnier of Paris in the
Republic of France]
This invention relates chiefly to the production of the plates to form an electrical
accumulator.
It is well known that the greater the surface exposed to the action of the oxide
of lead the greater will be the efficiency of the battery. The chief object therefore
to be attained in constructing these secondary batteries or accumulators is to produce
the plates in the highest degree of porosity.
According to the present invention this porosity is obtained by amalgamating
two metals one of which is afterwards eliminated.-
The density of this mass can be varied according to the proportions in which the
two metals are amalgamated.
The two metals which are best suited for the purpose, either from their low price
or their chemical qualities, are lead and zinc; but other mixtures may be used such
for instance as lead and sodium, or lead and mercury.
These metals are mixed in any suitable proportions and are formed into plates.
These plates are then subjected to electrolysis or to the action of an acid, preferably
dilute sulphuric acid, which eliminates practically all the zinc or other metal
leaving the lead in a porous state.
The accumulators are composed of any required number of these plates placed in
a vessel filled with a suitable liquid conductor, and the plates are charged by
Planté's method or in any other suitable manner.
In constructing an accumulator the positive and negative plates may both be
formed as above described, or only one electrode may be thus formed, the other
being either a simple mass of metallic lead or a mass of metallic lead coated with
an oxide or insoluble salt.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CARAMEL
Year: 1883

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edmund Richard Southby at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 21st March 1883.
EDMUND. RICHARD. SOUTHBY, of 24 Holborn Viaduct in the City of London
Analytical Chemist "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CARAMEL "
The object of my said Invention is to effect improvements in the mauufacture
of Caramel.
Caramel has been hitherto manufactured by heating various sorts of sugar―or
mixtures of Sugar and Dextrine, in open pans, with constant stirring, but owing
to the excessive frothing that occurs during the operation this plan is troublesome
and expensive
My invention consists in heating the sugar or mixture of sugar and Dextrine,
in the form of a syrup, in a close vessel, and under a sufficient pressure; by which
process all excessive frothing is obviated, and large quantities can be operated
upon with very little labor or expense
The operation is best conducted in metal vessels of such a strength as will stand
the necessary pressure.
In order to prevent the unequal heating and consequent charring of a portion
of the syrup, it is advisable to provide the vessels with efficient stirring or
revolving apparatus, which can be actuated by hand, steam or other power.
When the desired amount of caramellisation has been effected, the syrup is
cooled, either in the same vessel in which it has been caramellised, or in a separate
vessel or by passing it through some suitable form of refrigerating apparatus.
IMPROVEMENTS IN RIDDLES
Year: 1883

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Ernest de Pass at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 6th January 1883. Communicated to me
from abroad by Hermann Schmid, of Budapest, Hungary,
ERNEST DE PASS, of the Office for British and Foreign Patents, 68 Fleet Street,
in the City of London Fellow of the Institute of Patent Agents IMPROVEMENTS IN
RIDDLES Communicated to me from abroad by Hermann Schmid, of Budapest,
Hungary
According to this Invention the fan or blower is placed immediately under the
sieves instead of at the side, as heretofore, and by means of this arrangement the
grain on leaving the sieve plates of the riddle chest, is exposed to a current of air
in the air passage until the same is perfectly cleaned and all the lighter particles
have escaped.
Riddles thus constructed are much simpler than those hitherto known, are light
and small and may be used in a very limited space.
The grain is fed through a feed hopper, and falls on to a regulator slide for
effecting a quicker or slower passage of the same.
After the material has been riddled in the riddle chest, it passes into the air
channel where it is cleaned by the fans or blowers, which are operated by toothed
gearing and crank mechanism, and falls on to a receiving board, and finally passes
from the machine through a suitable outlet.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF TRAMWAYS." WITH ROLLING STOCK FOR THE SAME
Year: 1883

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Hayes at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 21st August 1883. Communicated to him
from Mr. T. Sanders of 34 Spuistraat Amsterdam in the Kingdom of Holland
Engineer.
JOHN HAYES of 27 Leadenhall Street, in the City of London, Consulting-
Engineer "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF TRAMWAYS." WITH
ROLLING STOCK FOR THE SAME [communicated to him from Mr. T. Sanders of
34 Spuistraat Amsterdam in the Kingdom of Holland Engineer]
This invention consists in the employment of a single line of rails in the
construction of tramways, instead of the double line of rails as ordinarily used, the
rail adopted by me being a double grooved or channelled section, in order to
admit the two flanges with which I propose to furnish the tramcar wheels, so as to
prevent the car from leaving the, rail on either side.
Having only one single line of rail in adopting this new system on which alone
the grooved wheels could run, other outside wheels would be necessary in order to
prevent the overturning or upsetting of cars, these latter (which are ordinary flat
and smooth tyred wheels with no flange or groove thereon, as they would run on
the asphalte or wood pavement or on carefully prepared boulders of stone,
commonly called, "setts.") could be either placed on the same axle or shaft as that
on which the double-flanged tram-way wheel would be mounted, or they could be
placed on separate and independent axles.
The switch for operating or changing the car from one line to another would be
of the same kind ordinarily in use, turning on a pivot near to one end of the
switch, and to be operated by a pointsman when necessary, but the section and
form of the switch would be made to suit the double grooved form of rail which
constitutes a prominent feature in this invention.
The objects of this invention are firstly to reduce the cost incurred in the
construction and maintenance of tramway lines, to diminish wear and tear, to
reduce the amount of labour involved in breaking up roads, as when laying

page_text: down a double line of rails adopted in or under the ordinary system of tramway
construction, and to facilitate turning upon curves of small radii; these objects are
claimed to be carried into effect as already explained by constructing such
tramway lines with one single line or rail, independent from the placing and the
number of the wheels under the cars, by having a rail of a particular and suitably
formed section, and by properly arranging the switches and other details connected
with the working of a line of tramway,
AN IMPROVED AUTOMATIC " FEED, FOR ROLLERS AND PURIFIERS, ALSO APPLICABLE AS A FEED FOR OTHER MILLING PURPOSES ور
Year: 1883

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Jonathan Shackleton at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 5th July 1883.
JONATHAN SHACKLETON of the firm of Messieurs Richard Shackleton and Son,
of Blackburn in the County of Lancaster, Corn Millers AN IMPROVED AUTOMATIC
"
FEED, FOR ROLLERS AND PURIFIERS, ALSO APPLICABLE AS A FEED FOR OTHER MILLING
PURPOSES
ور
The object of my invention is to Automatically regulate the feed from the
hoppers to the rollers, so that however unevenly the hoppers are fed, by my
arrangement, the feed to the rollers is regulated, and self adjusting, and so, evenly
distributes the substance to the rollers, along their entire length;
Instead of the feed board or regulator board, being attached in the form of a
slide, and adjusted by a thumb screw; I pivot the feed or regulator board, and
adjust it by a thumb screw, but automatically regulate it by a screwed stud or
lever, attached and standing out below its pivot, upon this stud is a weight,
preferably tapped or screwed onto it, the weight I make circular, but tap it out of
the centre, so that it is eccentric, and will not move, or alter its position, with the
jarring and shake of the machinery, the amount of leverage can at the same time
be regulated at will, the above arrangement is applicable to purifiers, or other feeds
used in milling purposes.
IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM BOILERS
Year: 1883

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Richards at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 12th April 1883.
JAMES RICHARDS of Clifton Junction in the County of Lancaster, Chemical
Engineer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM BOILERS"
This Invention relates to that class of Boilers in which the fuel is consumed in
a gaseous state, and my Improvements consist in the method of application of such
fuel and the recovery and utilization of the heat from the wasto gases previous to
their passing up the chimney.
In carrying out my Invention I place a tube or tubes in the flue leading from
the back of the boiler to the chimney one end of the said tube being open to the
air and the other connected to a series of small tubes carried through the flues in
the boiler from back to front where the small tubes deliver the heated air to the
point of combustion of the gaseous fuel. The burners used in carrying out this
Invention are preferably made of an annular form or of a series of jets or segments
arranged in an annular form, and the small tubes conveying the air are placed
centrally in the flues so that the flames from the burners shall surround them, the
admission of air being regulated by a valve on each tube in such quantity that
complete combustion shall be ensured; the requisite supply of gas being maintained
and regulated by a tap or taps on the supply pipe.
APPLIANCES FOR PROMOTING CIRCULATION OF WATER IN STEAM BOILERS
Year: 1883

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Rankine at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 29th August 1883.
$5
JOHN RANKINE of North Shields, in the County of Northumberland Engineer,
APPLIANCES FOR PROMOTING CIRCULATION OF WATER IN STEAM BOILERS."
My invention relates to appliances whereby the circulation of water in steam
boilers is promoted from the time of first lighting fires until steam is raised to
required pressure and continuously thereafter.
In the water space of the boiler I dispose pipes or tubes (which may be round,
oval or other shapes) in the form of syphons, in such a manner that the longer leg
may reach down into the lower portion of the boiler, from whence the circulation
is required and I bring the tubes or pipes, forming the shorter legs of the syphons,
immediately over those parts which are first affected by the action of the heat
such as the furnace crowns, top or upper sides of combustion chamber or chambers
and the upper rows of tubes in tubular boilers.
The lower ends of these tubes or pipes may be formed of inverted dish or other
form to gather into them the heated water (or water and steam mixed) and forin
an upward current. At suitable points, depending upon the internal arrangement
of the boiler, pipes or tubes, (forming the longer legs of the syphons) with their
open ends in the water at bottom of boiler, join the pipes or tubes in which the
upward current is operating the effect being that the cold water is drawn upward
by the current and heated on its way to the surface, and this action continues until
the whole body of water in the boiler is of an equal or nearly equal temperature.
The action is purely automatic and begins immediately heat is generated in the
furnaces, combustion chambers or upper tiers of tubes increasing rapidly as the heat
increases and greatly facilitating the raising of steam.
"
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF ELECTRICAL RAILWAYS AND TRAMWAYS
Year: 1883

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Enright at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 26th November 1883.
JAMES ENRIGHT of 34 Netherwood Road Kensington in the County of Middlesex
Electrician IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF ELECTRICAL RAILWAYS AND
TRAMWAYS
Heretofore one of the difficulties in the successful working of Electrical Railways
and Tramways has been leakage of Electricity from the conductor transmitting it
from its source to the motor which drives the carriages.
The object of the present invention is to remedy this in a simple manner.
For this purpose I require a well insulated conductor from the source of the
Electricity (of whatever kind) laid near the rails on which the Train or cars are to
move. This conductor is fixed on posts after the manner of electric Telegraph
wires. The posts are tall and slender and of good insulating material, such as
tarred fir. This conductor is insulated at the end distant from the source of
electricity
At certain points in this conductor branch conductors are joined to it. These
are well insulated also, but terminate in bare metallic brushes or metallic friction
wheels These brushes or friction rollers are brought close to the moving train-
so that as the train moves along one at least is in contact with a long insulated
conductor suitably fixed to the Train. (The train may move for some distance
without contact with a brush or friction roller but it will be better to have at least
one brush or roller always in contact with the insulated long conductor on the
Train) This may be longer than the Train itself-From this insulated conductor
on the Train, a well insulated wire conducts the current to a motor or motors which
is or are suitably applied to the driving gear of the Train in such a way as to
drive the same. From the motor the current is led to the rails, that is, to earth,
or otherwise led back to its origin; such as a dynamo or other source
It will be seen that my said Invention is applicable to the propulsion of carriages
on ordinary railways and tramways
IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM BOILERS OR GENERATORS
Year: 1883

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alfred Horatio Bell Sharpe at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 10th July 1883.
ALFRED HORATIO BELL SHARPE, of Lincoln, in the county of Lincoln
"IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM BOILERS OR GENERATORS"
This invention consists in constructing and arranging in horizontal or vertical,
marine, locomotive, stationary, portable or other steam boilers a horizontal
cylindrical, conical or elliptical water tube containing fire tubes.
One end of the water tube is partly closed by a tube plate, the lower half of
which is rivetted to the fire box side, the other end of the water tube is entirely
rivetted to the fire box shell. A corresponding tube plate is placed on the boiler
shell so as to be parallel to the one in the fire box and the two are connected by a
number of fire tubes.
Immediately opposite the end of the tube plate which is rivetted to the water
tube an aperture is formed by cutting away a portion of the boiler and fire box
shells, the edges of the plates being joined by a solid or other shaped ring and the
aperture thus formed is fitted with a door lined with firebrick or other refractory
material.
A smoke box covers the tube plate on the boiler shell the door in which being
immediately opposite the fire brick door at the end of the water tube permits of
the easy inspection and cleaning of the fire tubes.
The top of the water tube is connected to the fire box crown by means of a
circular or other shaped circulating water tube.
The water tube being connected at each end to the fire box the heated products
of combustion are compelled to circulate around it before passing through the fire
tubes contained therein.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR OPENING AND CLOSING VALVES IN CONNECTION WITH HOT WATER APPARATUS
Year: 1883

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James William Thornton and
Frederick Milan at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the
2nd July 1883.
JAMES WILLIAM THORNTON, of the firm of W. and S. Thornton and Son, of
Huddersfield in the County of York, Hot Water Engineers, and FREDERICK
MILAN of Huddersfield aforesaid, Hot Water Engineer, "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR OPENING AND CLOSING VALVES IN CONNECTION
WITH HOT WATER APPARATUS
Our Invention has special reference to that class of hot water heating apparatus
which is employed in warming various sections or divisions in Buildings, and
arranged so that by means of suitable stop valves the water in each section can be
cut off from the boiler, whilst the other sections are in operation.
The stop valves referred to are placed in different positions behind the boiler,
varying according to arrangement of pipes, and when it is necessary to cut off one
section of the hot water pipes, from the other sections for repairs or otherwise, the
attendant has to go behind the boiler to close the various valves which in many
cases is a slow and inconvenient thing to do.
The object of our Invention is to operate such stop valves from a hand wheel in
front of the boiler or other convenient place so that any section or division can
casily be cut off and set on without the attendant moving from his position. For
this purpose we fix a worm wheel on the spindle of each valve, into which gears a
worm in connection with a shaft or rod attached to the hand wheel in front of the
boiler or other place. As the various valves are placed in different positions and
not in a direct line with the centre of hand wheel, the shafts or rods on which the
worm is attached are provided with universal ball joints, so that whatever be the
relative positions of the worm and hand wheel, the ball jointed shafts will allow of
the valves being operated
Taps are provided in connection with each division, so that the water which is
in the pipes after being turned off, may be run out.
IMPROVEMENTS IN RUNNER CATCHES OR " SPRINGS FOR STICKS OF UMBRELLAS SUNSHADES AND THE LIKE
Year: 1883

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Gregory Attree at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 16th January 1883.
WILLIAM GREGORY ATTREE of Wood Street Cheapside in the City of London
IMPROVEMENTS IN RUNNER CATCHES OR
"
SPRINGS FOR STICKS OF UMBRELLAS
SUNSHADES AND THE LIKE
"
According to this invention I make the catch for holding the runner in the in or
out position mainly of two parts combined into one; one part is the catch proper
which engages with the runner and the other part is the spring; the former
I make in the shape of a flat piece which may suitably be of brass and is provided
at one end with a slot or staple part in which the cross rivet works; it is at the
other end connected to the stick by a rivet as usual, the other part is a curved
spring which may suitably be made of steel or phosphor bronze wire and which is
fastened to the other end of the catch proper in a notch or otherwise. By the
aforesaid construction of spring catch I gain the following advantages viz that the
catch is stronger than the usual wire catch; that it cannot possibly get out of
order or become detached or broken because the cross rivet works in a slot and
thus prevents the catch from leaving the stick and that it presents a neater and
more solid appearance.
Year: 1883

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Bennett David Marks at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 20th July 1883.
BENNETT DAVID MARKS, of Louisville, Jefferson County, State of Kentucky,
U.S.A. BOTTLE STOPPER FASTENINGS,"
"
The object of this invention is to provide both a lever, which operates the
stopper, and an operating hand lever with cogs, so that the level having the
stopper attached thereto can be moved so as to open and close the stopper, and to
so construct the parts that no moisture will get upon the joints, and thus form
rust which will prevent them from operating and it consists.
I In the combination of a casting or attachment which is secured to one side of
the neck of the bottle in any suitable manner, a pivoted lever to which the
stopper is fastened, and which is provided with cogs, teeth or projections, upon its
inner end, with a pivoted operating lever having cogs, teeth or projections, formed
upon its upper end whereby the lever which operates the stopper can be moved
back and forth.
II In the combination of a casting, or attachment, which is secured to the side
of the neck of the bottle, the toothed lever which operates the stopper, and the
toothed operating lever, which has formed upon its inner corner a projection for
forcing the lever which operates the stopper past its center, and thus locking it
regidly in position so that it cannot be opened by the pressure of the fluid in the
bottle.
A NEW OR IMPROVED, PROCESS FOR THE PACKING AND PRESERVATION OF FATS
Year: 1883

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William McDonnell at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 3rd July 1883.
WILLIAM MCDONNELL of the City and County of Limerick "A NEW OR
IMPROVED, PROCESS FOR THE PACKING AND PRESERVATION OF FATS
"
Heretofore fats and especially those fats known in the trade as "sweet fats"
have been sent to market packed loosely in bags or baskets and sometimes the
fats are hung up in the railway waggons during transit and if not hung up the
fats are placed in bags laid as loosely as possible in the waggons and these arrange-
ments are for many reasons inconvenient and especially so in hot weather, now
according to my Invention I believe these inconveniences are obviated.
According to my Invention I take the fat from the beast as usual and I carefully
remove all traces of blood, dirt and other extraneous matter, it is then in some
cases hung up to dry and then removed to a pulping machine where it is reduced
to a pulp or thick paste which latter is subsequently placed in packages such as
barrels and then submitted to pressure. The package is then secured and ready
for transit. By my invention the fats occupy much less bulk than heretofore, are
much easier carried to market while the material is preserved in a sweet condition
for a very much longer period than heretofore for sweet fat purposes.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR SEPARATING AND COLLECTING DUST FROM AIR
Year: 1883

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Lund and Thomas Frederick
Hind at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 15th November
1883.
ROBERT LUND and THOMAS FREDERICK HIND of Preston in the County of
Lancaster, Flour Mill Engineers, "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS
FOR SEPARATING AND COLLECTING DUST FROM AIR."
This Invention of improvements in machinery or apparatus for separating and
collecting dust from air consists in the employment of a cylindrically shaped
revolving drum covered around its periphery with cloth or other suitable screening
material and enclosed within an outer casing or box into which the dust-laden air
is caused to enter by suction from within the interior, or by fan pressure upon the
exterior, of the revolving drum, or by both as may be found desirable. The impure
air enters the outer casing or box through a suitably placed opening or openings,
and, having become purified by passing into the interior of the revolving drum,
escapes through openings provided at each end thereof. The dust as it collects on
the periphery of the drum is removed by means of a rapidly revolving brush
suitably mounted within a trough or spout for receiving the dust or impurities.
The trough or spout is so placed relatively to the drum as to be nearly in contact
therewith, lips or wipers made of leather, india-rubber or other suitable material
being provided for the purpose of preventing the ingress of the unpurified air into
the interior of the trough or spout. The body or skeleton of the drum may be
constructed in any convenient manner; we prefer, however, in order to ensure the
requisite circularity or roundness of its periphery, to employ in the first instance a
covering of strong woven wire, shaped or bent to the required curvature, upon
which the outer cloth, flannel, or other screening material is stretched.
THE MANUFACTURE OF SALICYLIC ACID
Year: 1883

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Theodor Kempf at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 30th November 1883.
THEODOR KEMPF, doctor of Philosophy of Berlin Germany
THE MANUFACTURE OF SALICYLIC ACID "
18
IMPROVEMENTS IN
By heating diphenyl carbonate with phenol sodium is formed basic salicylate of
sodium together with free phenol and diphenylether when the treatment of the
said substances is effected in the following manner, this is contrary to the statement
of Hentschel in the "Journal für practische Chemie" of 1883 N° 1 page 44:
The reaction takes place according to the equation
O Na
co & H+2C% H, O Na=O% HE. Na+&EO + C% H. OH
0C, H,
In order to obtain salicylic acid by means of this reaction I heat say 100 pounds
of diphenyl carbonate and 108 pounds Phenolsodium in a vessel provided with a
stirring apparatus for about 6 hours at 320 to 338° F (160 to 170° C) and the
salicylic acid is separated from the product in the ordinary manner, the sodium
salicylate of sodium being dissolved in water and the salicylic acid being separated
by means of hydrochloric acid. Salts of other phenols for instance cresol sodium
may be used instead of Phenol sodium.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR REDUCING WOOD TO FIBRES AND FOR SIMILAR PURPOSES
Year: 1883

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alfred Julius Boult at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 16th October 1883. A communication
from Hippolyte André (fils aîne) of Le Thor in the Republic of France,
ALFRED JULIUS BOULT of 323 High Holborn in the County of Middlesex,
Engineer, "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR REDUCING WOOD TO FIBRES AND
FOR SIMILAR PURPOSES a communication from Hippolyte André (fils aîné) of
Le Thor in the Republic of France,
"
This invention relates to a machine for grinding or reducing wood and the
like, chiefly for making fibre for the manufacture of paper.
The apparatus or machine is constructed as follows: Six columns are arranged
in a circle upon a foundation of masonry and they are bolted down upon their base
the space contiguous to them being paved.
Each column has two arms or wings and upon these columns three hollow
cylinders are arranged, The two outer ones, vis that nearest the centre and that
furthest therefrom are rigidly fixed to the wings of the columns the third is
movable and carried by six screw gears arranged on the principle of lifting jacks.
These lifting devices fixed, say by screws, upon the foundation carry each a
toothed wheel into which gears an endless chain surrounding the apparatus and
serving to operate all the lifting devices simultaneously. The screw-spindle of
each lifting device is connected by a plate and bolts to the underside of the movable
cylinder. On this latter a number of iron rods are mounted corresponding with
slides or guides in the outer cylinder, and these rods serve to guide the material
to be reduced as the inner cylinder is raised as required during the operation.
The reduction is effected by means of two vertical runners operated by one
spindle to which they are adjustably attached The periphery of the runners is
bevelled and the outer portion convex and fluted. The spindle is stepped in a
double bearing and carried by a crossbar bolted to the wings of the columns The
first bearing is rigid but the second is adjustable in the centre of the first by
suitable screws. The motion is transmitted to the spindle by bevel gearing.
The gearing fixed above each lifting device moves horizontally on a plate resting
on the framework for the lifting gear.
A frame, bolted to its support, carries two shafts; the one at the centre of the
frame has a large spurwheel and a conical pinion and also a crank, and this gearing
operates the endless chain.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BROOMS, BRUSHES, AND THE LIKE
Year: 1883

page_text: .
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alfred Julius Boult at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 12th November 1883. A communication
from St Just Lacam of Tours in the Republic of France.
ALFRED JULIUS BOULT of 323 High Holborn, in the County of Middlesex,
Engineer, "IMPROVEMENTS IN BROOMS, BRUSHES, AND THE LIKE," [a communi-
cation from St Just Lacam of Tours in the Republic of France]
This invention relates to improvements in the manufacture of brooms, brushes
and the like and is applicable more especially to those made of vegetable fibres.
Instead of fastening the bunches or tufts of fibre or fibrous material by pitch or
other customary means, I proceed, according to this invention, as follows:
In the "stock" of the brush &c. taper holes are drilled for the reception of the
bunches or tufts, the narrow end of the holes is turned towards the side from
which the fibres are to project. The tufts are inserted into these holes and conical
pins are driven into the same from the top and thus fasten the fibres. The taper
of the holes prevents the fibres or the pins passing downwards.
To prevent their slipping upwards the "stock" is covered with a suitable
back solidly attached thereto say by screws and this keeps the pins and fibres in
place.