IMPROVEMENTS IN THE TUT ANOTHER CORERINGS PAR THE HEAD
Year: 1858

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Cartmel, of Stamford Street, in the County of
Surrey, Hat Manufacturer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
TUT
ANOTHER CORERINGS PAR
THE HEAD"
Sealed the 11th February 1859, and dated the 14th August 1858.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Cartmel at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
14th August 1858.
I, JOHN CARTMEL, of Stamford Street, in the County of Surrey, Hat
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF HATS, CAPS, AND OTHER COVERINGS FOR
THE HEAD," to be as follows:-
Hats as at present manufactured possess little flexibility or pliability,
especially at that portion immediately encircling the head, and from the
material of which the body of the hat is composed, are soon saturated with
grease or perspiration from the hair or head. To remedy these defects, I.
propose to use, as a foundation, linen or cloth coated or saturated with a

page_text: preparation of caoutchouc (the cloth so prepared will not be liable to crisp up
or melt in the application of the hot iron used in manufacturing and finishing
hats). I then line or cause to adhere to the cloth above mentioned by means
of shell lac or other resinous gum a piece of linen of the same size, which
combination I use for the body-or foundation of the hat. The same prepara-
tion is used for the bands of caps, parts of wide-awakes, and other coverings
for the head.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of 'the Letters Patent, filed
by the said John Cartmel in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
14th February 1859.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOHN
CARTMEL, of Stamford Street, in the County of Surrey, Hat Manufacturer,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Fourteenth day of August, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-eight, in the twenty-second year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said John Cartmel, Her special licence that I, the said John Cartmel,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said
John Cartmel, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time
agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland,
the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE MANUFACTURE OF HATS, CAPS, AND OTHER COVERINGS FOR THE HEAD," upon
the condition (amongst others) that I, the said John Cartmel, my executors
or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of
their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature
of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and
cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, 'that 'I, the said John Cartmel; do hereby declare the
nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement (that is to say):-

page_text: The object of my Invention is twofold; the first. being to increase the
flexibility or pliability of hats or caps, especially in those parts immediately
surrounding the head; the second, to render the body and brim of a hat
impervious to grease used in the hair, or to the perspiration which freely
exudes from the head in warm weather. It is well known that hats made in
the ordinary manner possess little or no pliability at the circle formed by the
meeting of the under part of the body or foundation and the inner part of the
brim, and that perspiration or grease soon saturates the leather or lining,
gets into and through the joinings of the brim and body, creeping up the
latter and spreading over the former, so as quickly to deteriorate the outer
covering (usually silk plush) of these parts, and render a hat unsightly that
would otherwise retain its beauty for a much longer period. To remedy the
defects alluded to, which are innate in the materials of which hats are now
ordinarily composed, I make the foundation or body and brim of a hat of a
linen or cloth prepared, saturated, or coated with a preparation of caoutchouc,
which preparation is designated by the manufacturers "sincalor;" this cloth is
manufactured by Messieurs Warne and Company, of Gresham Street, in the
City of London. I line the "sincalored cloth" with a piece. of linen of the
same size, causing the latter to adhere to the former by using shellac powdered
and dissolved in water impregnated with ammonia, or in spirits of wine, or in
naptha, or other solvent, or with any of the resinous gums possessing sufficient
property of adhesion j or I place the "sincalored cloth" between two pieces
of linen thus prepared, if a stouter foundation be required. The foundation or
body and brim of the hat being thus prepared, the tip, body, and brim are
made up and manufactured into a hat in the usual manner; and I would
observe that the fabric of a hat composed as before described will not suffer
from the action of heated metallic cylinders or drums, or moulds, nor from the
hot irons used in finishing hats, neither being liable to crisp up or melt by the
action of heat of the temperature usually employed in hat manufacture. The
casing of "sincalored cloth" refuses to absorb grease or perspiration, and
being supported by and in a manner incorporated with the linen lining,
stiffened with a solution of shellac or other resinous gums, as aforesaid,
answers well the objects of my Invention, pliability and non-absorption.
Having now described the nature of my Invention, and the means of
carrying it into practical effect, I would have it understood that I lay no claim
to the exclusive use of any of the matters, articles, or materials herein
mentioned, nor do I confine myself to the precise details; and my claim is
limited to the exclusive use of the combination of the "sincalored cloth" with

page_text: the lining herein-before described in the manufacture, and forming the entire
body or foundation of hats, caps, and other coverings for the head.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Cartmel, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Twelfth day of February, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-nine.
JOHN CARTMEL. (L.S.)
Witness,
JOHN GEDGE, Patent Agent,
4, Wellington St. South, Strand.