A NEW OR IMPROVED COMPOSITION OR CEMENT FOR UNITING OR JOINING SUBSTANCES TOGETHER, AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1864

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Lingham Lees, of Aston, near Birmingham,
in the County of Warwick, Carpenter and Joiner, for the Invention of
"A NEW OR IMPROVED COMPOSITION OR CEMENT FOR UNITING OR JOINING
SUBSTANCES TOGETHER, AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES."
Sealed the 2nd May 1865, and dated the 11th November 1864.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Lingham Lees
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
11th November 1864.
I, WILLIAM LINGHAM LEES, of Aston, near Birmingham, in the County of
Warwick, Carpenter and Joiner, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "A NEW OR IMPROVED COMPOSITION OR CEMENT FOR UNITING OR
JOINING SUBSTANCES TOGETHER, AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists of a composition or cement made of the ingredients
or materials herein-after described, the said composition. or cement being
applicable to the uniting or binding together of various substances of a similar
or of a dissimilar nature. The said cement may also be used for other
purposes, as herein-after, explained. The composition or cement is impervious
to moisture and air.

page_text: The following, among others, are some of the purposes to which my Inven-
tion may be applied, that is to say, to the uniting of brick with wood for
buildings, wood with slate or stone, wood with wood, to the uniting of slabs
or ornamental tiles for flooring, glass, pottery, and leather, especially in the
manufacture of boots and shoes, as well as for caulking ships, and other
structures.
The materials or ingredients of which my new or improved composition or
cement is made, are india-rubber dissolved in mineral naptha or petrolene,
shellac dissolved in wood naptha and glue, or other gelatinous matter dissolved
in ale, or in a mixture of ale and linseed oil. In making," the cement or
composition I proceed as follows:-I take two ounces of india-rubber and
dissolve it in about one pint of mineral naptha or petrolene. I further take
one ounce of shellac and dissolve it in a quarter of a pint of wood naptha,
and I further take one pound of glue or other gelatinous matter and dissolve
it by heat in two-thirds of a pint of ale, or of a mixture of equal proportions
of ale and linseed oil, the said materials being dissolved in separate vessel.
When the materials have been sufficiently dissolved, and the glue is still
warm, I stir the said glue, and gently add to it the solution of shellac. I mix
these well together, and afterwards add the india-rubber solution thereto, and
mix it therewith. The composition or cement is then ready for use. In
using the composition or cement it is warmed in order to bring it into a
semi-liquid condition, and is then applied in the same way as common glue
is applied.
1 do not confine myself to the exact proportions described of the several
materials employed, or to the manner in which they are incorporated with
one another, as the proportions and the manner of dissolving and mixing
them may be somewhat varied without departing from the nature of my
Invention.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said William Lingham Lees in the Great Seal Patent Office 3
on the 4th May 1865.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
LINGHAM LEES, of Aston, near Birmingham, in the County of Warwick,
Carpenter and Joiner, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters 8
Patent, bearing date the Eleventh day of November, in the year of our Lord

page_text: One thousand eight hundred and sixty-four, in the twenty-eighth year of
Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto
me, the said William Lingham Lees, Her special licence that I, the said
William Lingham Lees, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such
others as I, the said William Lingham Lees, my executors, administrators,
and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time
and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and
lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom
of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Inven-
tion for "A NEW OR IMPROVED COMPOSITION OR CEMENT FOR UNITING OR JOINING
SUBSTANCES TOGETHER, AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES, upon the condition (amongst
others) that I, the said William Lingham Lees, my executors or adminis-
trators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands
and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the
same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months
next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said William Lingham Lees, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement thereof, that is to say:-
My Invention consists of a composition or cement made of the ingredients
or materials herein-after described, the said composition or cement being
applicable to the uniting or binding together of various substances of a
similar or of a dissimilar nature. The said cement may also be used for
other purposes, as herein-after explained. The composition or cement is
impervious to moisture and air, and is unaffected by the atmosphere.
The following among others are some of the purposes to which my Inven-
tion may be applied, that is to say, to the uniting of brick with wood for
buildings, wood with slate or stone, wood with wood, to the uniting of slabs
or ornamental tiles for flooring, marble, glass, pottery, metal, ivory, pearl,
and leather, as well as for caulking ships and other structures.
The materials or ingredients of which my new or improved composition or
cement is made are india-rubber dissolved in mineral or coal tar, naphtha, or
petrolene; shellac dissolved in wood naphtha, or methylated spirit and glue,
or other gelatinous matter dissolved in ale, or a mixture of ale and linseed
oil. In making the cement or composition I proceed as follows:-I take two
ounces of india-rubber and dissolve it in about one pint of mineral or coal
tar, naphtha, or petrolene. In effecting the solution of the india-rubber in the

page_text: mineral or coal tar, naphtha, or petrolene, I place the materials in a bucket
or other vessel, which I cover with a lid, and allow them to stand until the
india-rubber is perfectly dissolved. This takes two or three days, the time
varying with the season of the year, and the quality of the solvent. I. further
take one ounce of powdered shellac and dissolve it in a quarter of a pint of
wood naphtha, or methylated spirit. This I effect by placing the materials
in a large bottle or other vessel, which can be conveniently closed. The
solution of the shellac in the wood naphtha or spirit is complete in about
three or four hours, and is much facilitated by the occasional shaking of the
vessel. As the hardness of the cement is dependent upon the proportion of
shellac contained in it, I vary the proportion of shellac according to the
degree of. hardness required in the cement, sometimes raising the quantity to
five or six times the proportion herein-before given. I further take one
pound of glue or other gelatinous matter, such as gelatine or isinglass, and
dissolve it by heat in two-thirds of a pint of ale, or of a mixture of ale and
linsced oil in the proportions of eight parts of ale to one or two parts of
linseed oil. I prefer to use strong old ale, and to dissolve the glue therein by
the application of a gentle heat, the mixture being frequently stirred during
the dissolving of the glue. When the cement is to be used for any purpose
where it will be exposed to the action of the weather, I prefer to employ the
larger proportion of linseed oil, as the said linseed oil effectually protects the
cement against atmospheric influences. When the materials have been
sufficiently dissolved, and the glue is still warm, I. stir the said glue, and
gently add to it the solution of shellac, I mix these well together, and after-
wards add the india-rubber solution thereto, and mix it therewith. The
composition or cement is then ready for use. When the odour of the solvents
employed is objectionable, I prefer to disguise or conceal it by the addition of
a small quantity of the essential oil of thyme, or other fragrant essential oil.
The cement when cooled is of a solid gelatinous character, and will keep a
long time if air is excluded. In using the composition or cement it is warmed
in order to bring it into a liquid or semi-liquid condition, and is then applied
in the same way as common glue is applied. In warming the cement for
use, I prefer to liquify it by means of a glue pot, or other water bath.
Having now described the nature of my Invention, and the manner in which
the same is to be performed, I wish it to be understood that I do not confine
myself to the exact proportions described of the several materials employed,
or to the manner in which they are incorporated with one another, as the
proportions and the manner of dissolving and mixing them may be somewhat
varied without departing from the nature of my Invention; but I claim as

page_text: my Invention a new or improved composition or cement for uniting or joining
similar or dissimilar substances together, and for other purposes, made
substantially in the manner herein-before described.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Lingham Lees, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Third day of May, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-five.
WILLIAM LINGHAM LEES. (L.S.)
Witness,
RICHARD SKERRETT,
Clerk to George Shaw,
Birmingham.