and Processes of Manufacturing the same.
Year: 1886

page_text: and Processes of Manufacturing the same.
We CHARLES GORDON CURTIS of No. 30 West 34th Street, New York City, FRANCIS
BACON CROCKER of No. 54 West 21st Street, New York City, and SCHUYLER SKAATS
WHEELER of 144 West 34th Street, New York City, State of New York, one of the
United States of America, Gentlemen, do hereby declare the nature of this invention,
and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement:-
The principal objects of our invention are to simplify and greatly cheapen the cost
of construction of such machines, as well as to increase the power and also the com-
pactness of these machines.
Our improvements are represented in the accompanying drawings, in which:
Fig. 1 represents a front view of a motor or dynamo-electric machine, embodying
our improvements. Fig. 2 is another view of the same at right angles to Fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is a top view of the same, showing the yoke and field-coils removed. Fig. 4
is a side view partly in section of an armature, embodying our improvements, and
showing some of the winding removed from the core. Fig. 5 is an end view of the
same armature, showing part of the armature in section. Figs. 6 and 7 show our
improved winding machine, and process of forming the armature winding. Figs. 8 and 9
show other forms of armature winding.
We have shown our improvements applied to an armature in the Gramme ring form,
though parts of our invention are applicable to other forms of armature.
The iron core
or ring of the armature to which we apply our improved form of winding, may be
built up or formed in any desirable way. It may be composed, for example, of a series
of iron rings and washers, K K K etc., of any desirable size and thickness, separated
from each other by spaces or by insulating material, to prevent the generation of Foucault
currents or the core may be built up of a series of half rings of iron, with their ends
alternately fitted into one another, and connected by pins passing through junctions at
the opposite ends of a diameter, as shown in Fig. 5. These rings may readily be
punched or stamped out of shect iron, and a very simple and easy method of
building up the core is to build up each half of the core of a series of half rings

page_text: placed side by side so that the alternate rings project beyond the others at either
end, so that when the two halves of the core are brought together, the alternate ends of
the rings fit into one another, and are there fastened by pins. The rings of each half
of the core may be conveniently held together by rivets or pins, . Upon the iron
core thus formed, we wind or apply the wire or conductor of the desired size, which
may be a covered conductor or not, as preferred, and which we make in the form of
a continuous unbroken winding or conductor, without bringing out separate ends to
connect with the separate commutator bars, as clearly shown in the drawings. This
winding may be done by hand or by machinery, and the ring may be wound in one
continuous winding the whole way around the ring, in which case the ends where they
come together would be electrically connected; or if the iron ring be made in two
halves mortised together as shown in Fig. 5, the two halves of the ring may be wound
separately, and then brought together and fastened by the pins, kk, and then the
ends of the winding properly connected, thus forming a ring with a practically con-
tinuous winding. The ring thus formed may be mounted upon its shaft in various
ways, but we have devised an extremely simple and cheap mounting which serves at
the same time as a mounting for the commutator. It consists of a block or drum J,
made of wood, fibre, or any other desirable material, which is rigidly attached to the
shaft I, and is turned off on the outside so as to fit tightly into the wound ring. To
further prevent the ring from slipping on the drum, shellac, or some other adhesive
and insulating substance may be applied where the winding and the drum come
together, which will hold or stick the ring fast to the drum. The end of the drum J
is faced off to form a mounting for the commutator, which may be constructed. in
different ways, but which we form of a number of copper sector-shaped strips or
sections M M M, attached to the face of the drum J. These copper strips may be
attached to the drum by screws at their outer ends, and pins which enter the drum
at their inner ends, as shown in Figs. and 5. The commutator strips M. we form
with projections or extensions, which reach to and come in contact with the
winding, so as to make connection with it in any convenient manner.
If the winding
he a covered or insulated wire, the insulation is scraped off at these points so that the
copper commutator strip rests in contact with the wire itself, and to ensure a good and
reliable connection, the junction may readily be soldered. The projections or parts im
of the commutator strips, which rest in contact and connect with the winding need
not be so arranged that each one comes in exactly the right position to connect with
only one convolution, for if any of them should happen to overlap or touch two adjacent
convolutions, it will only have the effect of cutting out and making ineffectual a single
convolution, the effect of which would be immaterial. By means of this arrangement
in which the armature-winding is composed of a continuous unbroken wire or conductor
with which the commutator-strips are directly connected, we are enabled to construct
an armature divided up electrically into the desired number of sections, without the
necessity of bringing out the ends of the section separately, or otherwise connecting
them with the commutator strips. To connect with this form of commutator, we construct
the brushes FF so that their edges which rest on the commutator stand obliquely or
at more or less of an angle to the slots or cracks between the adjacent commutator
strips, as shown in dotted lines. The effect of this arrangement is that the brushes,
even if they are made up of thin lamina, bridge over these, cracks, and allow the
armature to be turned in either direction without injury to the brushes. We have
shown the brushes set with a slight negative lead, and the desired obliquity of the brush
edges to the commutator spaces may easily be obtained by making the brushes of the
proper length, and setting them at the proper position.
To enable the commutator to be readily and reliably connected with the winding, we
have devised an entirely new form of commutator strip, and method of connecting and
soldering each strip to the winding. This form of commutator is shown in Figs. 4 and 5.
In these Figures we have shown the winding. formed of a flat wire, ribbon, or con-
ductor, wound on edge in a single layer but of course our improved form of
commutator and method of connecting the same is also applicable to all other forms
of winding. Figs. 4 and 5 also show our improved form of winding, in which certain of

page_text: the convolutions, at the points where connection is made to the commutator, are raised
or project beyond the other convolutions, so as to enable them to be easily connected
to the commutator strips. We prefer to attach the commutator to the end or face of
the block or drum J, on which the armature is mounted, although this form of com-
mutator is applicable to other forms of commutators, or other ways of mounting them.
We form each commutator strip M with a forked or split extension or portion in m
which straddles or grasps the projecting convolution or some part of the winding. If
is then a very easy operation to solder each commutator strip to the projecting convo-
lution, and the connections so made are very good and reliable. These commutator
strips may be formed with slots or spaces in their forked ends, just wide enough to
receive the wire or convolution; or they may be formed with the split portion or
extension open or diverging, and when the commutator strip is in place, the ends or
prongs may be pinched or drawn together so as to grip the wire, after which the
soldering is done. Instead of having the extension or part of the commutator strip
split or forked, as we have shown, one of the prongs or claws may be dispensed with,
in which case the extension part would simply rest in contact with and be soldered to
the winding on one side only.
In order to hold the commutator strips more securely in place and enable them to bo
more quickly set in exactly their right positions, we stamp or mould or otherwise formi
the end of the block J, or the face, whatever it may be which forms the mounting for
the commutator, with the proper number of impressions or recesses, into which exactly
fit the commutator strips, leaving narrow fins or strips between the consecutive com-
mutator strips, which prevent them from coming in contact and hold them exactly the
right distance apart, as shown in Fig.5, in which six of the commutator strips are
shown in place. The block or conmutator mounting may be so prepared by first
stamping it with an impression die, and then attaching the commutator strips in place;
or the commutator strips may be mounted in a holding die in their proper relative
positions, and then pressed a slight amount into the face of the block.
In Figs. 4 and 5, we have shown a new form of winding, in which, instead of
having a flat wire or ribbon with parallel sides wound on edge, we use a wire or
ribbon, the cross section of which is trapezoidal or sector-shaped and which is wound
so that its thicker or wider edge comes next to the core, the narrow or thin edge
projecting outwardly on the outside of the ring, and inwardly on the inside of the
ring, as clearly shown in Fig. 5. By forming the wire so that its opposite sides are
at the proper angle to each other, depending of course upon the thickness of the wire
compared with the diameter of the ring, the adjacent Hat sides of the wires of the
ring will stand exactly parallel to each other, and the flat sides of the wire, (which is
of course provided with some insulated covering,) will bear against each other over
their entire area, instead of only hearing against each other at their edges nearest the
centre of tic ring, as is the case where parallel-sided wire is used. By these means,
the danger of the insulation being cut through and allowing the adjacent wires to
come in contact, is very much reduced the winding forms a compact and more
rigid mass on the inside of the ring and the cross section or the conductivity of the
winding is increased.
Fig. 8 shows another form of our continuous winding, in which the winding is
divided up into sections, each composed of two layers. According to this arrangement,
one layer of a section is wound on, and then the wire is brought back along the end
of the ring to the starting end of the section, and a second layer is then wound upon
the first, as shown. In winding on the first layer, there are spaces or grooves of
more or less width left between the convolutions on the outside of the ring, because
the outside circumference of the ring is somewhat greater than the inside circum-
ference. Consequently, when the second layer is wound upon the first, the wire may
be laid so that the convolutions on the outside of the ring lie in these spaces or
grooves. This enables the winding to be more easily and neatly done, and reduces
the space occupied by the outside winding to a minimum. After a second layer is
applied in this way, the next section is wound in the same way, the wire of the
preceding section leading directly without any break from the outer layer of one

page_text: section to the inner layer of the next section, so that the winding is continuous or
unbroken with respect to the sections.
In the same way all the sections of the entire ring or all the sections of each
half-ring, if that way of making the ring is preferred, or as many as desired, may be
wound, all the sections being composed of a single continuous wire or conductor of
the desired shape and size. The commutator strips or sections M M, etc. may then
be connected respectively with the successive sections of winding, so as to divide the
winding electrically into sections, in any desirable way. A simple way of doing
this is to form the commutator strips with extensions which reach to and touch, or
touch sufficiently to be soldered, if desired, directly to some part of the winding
of each section, as clearly shown in Fig. 8. By this arrangement of winding, we are
enabled to wind on more than a single layer, and at the same time to form the
winding of an unbroken wire or conductor, wound continuously in sections to which
the commutator strips may be directly connected, if desired, so that the necessity
of forming the winding in separate or disconnected sections, and of bringing out the
ends of the sections or forming loops or otherwise disturbing the uniformity or
continuity of the winding in order to make the connections to the commutator strips
is avoided, and the simplicity and cheapness of the machine thereby very greatly
increased.
In Fig. 9 we have shown still another method of our continuous winding, in which
any desired number of layers are wound on successively in each section, the successive
layers being wound on upon one another from left to right, and vice versa alternately:
that is, one layer of a section is wound on first from left to right as shown for
example then the second layer is wound upon the first in the opposite direction,
then a third layer is wound upon the second from left to right again, which brings
the wire to the end of that section, from which it leads directly to the inside layer
of the next section, which is formed in the same way. Instead of beginning the
winding of the next section after three layers have been wound in one section, five
or seven, or any desired odd number of layers may be applied in the same way;
or if an even number of layers be required, the wire after the last layer is applied,
may be carried along the end of the ring to the beginning of the next section, like
the arrangement shown in Fig. 8 in this respect.
It is not necessary, and it may not be desirable, that the wire should be wound
on in layers or regularly in any desired way, especially in cases where fine wire and
a large number of turns are required; and in such cases the turns may be wound
upon one another, without regard to any arrangement or regular order, until the
space to be occupied by each section has been wound full, when the wire will lead
directly into the next section.
The commutator strips in this arrangement of winding, like that shown in Fig. 5,
may be connected with the successive sections of the continuous winding in any
desired manner, according to our arrangement shown in Figs. 4 and 5 for example,
in which the commutator strips are provided with extensions, m m, reaching to and
soldered or otherwise connected directly to one of the turns or convolutions of
each section.
It is evident that in our continuous winding, the wire or conductor may be of
any desired size and shape; and if the winding be done in sections, the sections may
be of any desired size and number, and that the wire may be continuous with respect
to the entire ring or all the sections, or with respect to any number of the sections,-
two or more.
We shall now describe our improved process of winding the armatures and
forming our improved winding, as shown in Figs. 4 and 5.
Heretofore, the ordinary way of winding arinatures has been to build up or form
the iron core in the desired way, and after preparing it to receive the winding by
covering the iron with some insulating material, the insulated wire which forms the
winding is wound directly upon the core itself by hand. The process of winding
the wire in the case of Siemens armatures, is a very long and difficult one, because
the winding necessarily becomes very irregular, and it is also very difficult and

page_text: expensive in the case of Gramme rings, because the end of the wire or the reel from
which the wire is taken, has to be passed through the ring once for every
convolution wound.
We have shown in Figs. 4 and 5, a form of winding in which the wire or
conductor consists of a flat wire ribbon or strip, wound on edge. Our process
of winding can be applied to any kind of wire winding; but it is especially
applicable to this form of winding, and enables us to produce such armatures as
well as other forms of winding with great rapidity, and at an enormously
reduced cost, and it also enables us to form windings composed of a very much
thinner ribbon or of wires of other shape which could not be done in
any other Way.
Our improved process consists in forming the winding or conducting part of the
armature by winding the copper wire, ribbon, or conductor upon a mandrel or form
of a proper shape, and then removing the continuous spiral or winding so formed
from the form, and iransferring it to the iron core which has previously been
prepared to receive it.
We shall now describe the winding apparatus shown in Figs. 6 and 7 of the
drawings. Prepresents a form or mandrel of the proper shape; that is, having the
same shape and cross section as that of the iron ring which forms the armature core,
or the same shape as that of the winding itself, when the winding is in place upon the
core. This form of mandrel is mounted in a winding apparatus, such as the head
and tail spindles of a lathe, so that it can be revolved on its axis at the desired rate.
One end of the mandrel has attached to it a collar; which forms a shoulder against
which the wire begins to wind. The machine is also provided with a slide or carriage
R, upon which is mounted a vertically pivoted arm Q, and which can move along
parallel to the mandrel on ways, at the proper rate, like an ordinary free slide rest.
The arm extends across and rests upon the mandrel P, being pressed downward
by the spring T, and bearing sidewise against the convolutions of wire that have
been already wound upon the mandrel. The arm is formed with a groove 7, and a
thin tongue or partition which stands between the wire as it winds and the
preceding convolution against which the arm is constantly pressed by the friction
of the carriage on the rails r, r The slot in the arm Q thus forms a shoulder on each
side of the flat wire, which holds the wire upright and compels it to remain in that
position while winding, so that it is impossible for the wire to twist or lie down on
the mandrel. As the wire winds upon the mandrel, the tongue intervenes between
it and the preceding convolution, and consequently there is a space between the
convolution last formed and the preceding convolution, equal to the thickness of the
tongue. If the side pressure of the arm Q be made very slight, or be taken away
entirely, the wire will wind with a space between all the convolutions equal to the
thickness of the tongue, and the convolutions may be brought close together when the
winding is finished or after it has been removed from the mandrel; but they can
be wound closer together upon the mandrel by adjusting the friction on the rails »
so that the side pressure of the tongue on the convolution previously wound
is sufficient to shove the wire up against the preceding convolution. As the wire is
fed to the machine it passes through the arm Q, on the inside of the tongue 7:
but as it comes around again on the mandrel, it passes on the outside of the
tongue, which then becomes a shoulder and shoves the wire along the mandrel,
and into contact with the preceding convolution. Of course the slot in the arm may
be given any desired shape to receive whatever shaped wire is used, and the tongue
or partition may be made of any desirable thickness. The edge of the arm or
the tongue where it bears sidewise against the wire, should evidently stand
at an inclination to the mandrel slightly greater than the inclination or pitch
of the wire, so that the arm will not climb up on the convolutions already wound.
Figs. 6 and 7 also show our machine and process of winding, by which an
armature winding is produced, according to our invention, having certain of its
convolutions raised or projecting or wound differently from the rest at the points where
the connections are to be made to the commutator strips, so that the commutator con-
nections can be very easily and reliably made in the manner shown in Figs. 4 and 5.

page_text: This we accomplish by means of a finger or lump s, which is caused to be
inserted under the wire at the moment the arm is forming the particular con-
volution to which the commutator strip is to connect, so that this particular
convolution, instead of touching the mandrel, is wound on top of the finger or
shoulder and consequently is raised and projects beyond the other convolutions an
amount equal to the thickness of the finger or lump s This finger we attach to
a slide or sleeve S, which is mounted so as to be capable of sliding lengthwise on
the mandrel, and may be provided with suitable incans of shifting it lengthwise at the
proper times.
We have shown the fingers made in the form of a crescent, the outside
surface or face of which, upon which the wire winds, being semi-circular in cross
section oxactly like the edge of the mandrel, in which case a projecting convolution
would be formed semi-circular in shape corresponding exactly in shape with the other
convolutions; but of course the fingers may be given any desired shape and
thickness, so as to produce a projecting convolution of any desired shape. The manner
of using this machine is as follows: The winding is begun and after a certain number
of ordinary convolutions have been wound upon the mandrel, and while the mandrel is
turning, the sleeve S is slid so as to bring the fingers resting against the last wound
convolution, and under the arm Q. This is done immediately before the mandrel
reaches the position shown in Fig. 6, or in fact, at any time before the wire begins to
wind over the edge of the mandrel on which the finger is. As the mandrel continues
turning, carrying of course with it the finger s, the wire winds on top of the finger,
conforming to its shape, so that this convolution is raised and projects beyond the
others, corresponding in shape to the shape of the form. After the mandrel has made
one further complete turn, so as to bring the arm Q parallel with the flat side of the
mandrel and resting against the straight part of the convolution last wound; or in
other words, so that the mandrel has not quite reached the position shown in Fig. 6,
the fingers is quickly withdrawn from under the arm, so that the convolution then
being formed, which is the next one to the raised convolution just before wound,
winds directly on the mandrel itself, and consequently is not raised. The winding
then goes on, the finger s being kept out of the way until enough more convolutions
have been formed to complete another section, whereupon the fingers is again
inserted at the proper instant, and the next convolution winds on top of the finger,
and consequently forms a projecting convolution at the proper point in the winding to
make connection with the corresponding commutator strip. When the mandrel
comes round to the proper point, the finger is again withdrawn, and then the
ordinary winding goes on until another section is completed, when the operation of
inserting and withdrawing the finger is again repeated, and so on until a sufficient
number of sections have been wound. The winding is then removed from the
mandrel, and is ready to be applied to the armature-core. In this way a winding is
formed, having projecting convolutions 1, 1, 1, on the end, as seen in Figs. 4 and 5.
Of course in this process of winding, the raised convolutions may be made to project.
any desired amount, and the projecting part may be given any desired shape by
properly shaping the finger or portion and the number and positions of these
projecting convolutions may of course he made to correspond with the commutator
by properly regulating the number of convolutions which intervene between the
consecutive projecting convolutions.
Our invention may evidently also be applied to the winding or forming of armatures
in which the winding is composed of more than one layer, like that shown in
Figs. 8 and 9, by winding the several layers of each section at a time upon the
mandrel, and then passing to and winding the adjoining section in the same way, the
sections being wound continuously upon the mandrel, so that the wire from one leads
directly to the next section, without a break; and if desirable, the wire may be
wound so as to project beyond the other convolutions at the junction, so as to enable
the connections to be easily made to the commutator. When the desired number of
sections have been wound upon the mandrel, the winding is then removed from the
mandrel and transferred to the armature core, as in the ease of a winding composed
of only one layer.

page_text: As the wire in winding on hugs the mandrel tightly, we use a sectional or split
mandrel, such as that shown in the drawing, which is provided with a tapering core
or centre, which may readily be forced or knocked out from one end so as to allow the
mandrel to collapse, and be easily withdrawn from the winding. This winding is then
transferred or slipped on to the core or iron ring, which if necessary has been coated
with or incased in a suitable insulating material or covering, and which is formed of
two jointed halves, so that the ring can be opened and the winding be slipped on, as
we have shown in Figs. 4 and 5. After the winding has been slipped on, the ring is
closed by bringing the two parts of the ring together, and locking or connecting
them by a pin passed through the rings alternately, or in any other desirable way.
The ends of the winding where they meet can then be soldered or connected together;
thus forming a complete Gramme ring, which can be mounted on a shaft and provided
with a commutator, as already described, or in any other desired ways. As we have
already stated, the winding of the entire ring may be either composed of one piece of
wire, and slipped over the complete ring at once, as we have indicated in Fig. 4; or
it may be made in two halves, and slipped over the two halves of the ring separately,
and the half rings then brought together; or it may be made in a greater number of
parts or sections, if desirable.
The wire may be formed of either a naked or insulated wire or ribbon, insulated in
any desired way. But if a naked wire be used, it will he necessary to insulate it
after it is formed into the desired shape, or else provide some other means for
preventing the convolutions from touching and short-circuiting each other. This
may be done by taking the naked wire or spiral as it comes off the mandrel, and
spreading or stretching it so that the convolutions stand apart, and then coating
it with some insulating material, such as shellac for example, by dipping it in a
liquid bath of shellac or other material, and, if desirable, afterwards applying some
insulating powder or solid material, before the shellac is dry, so as to form a coating,
which will not melt by a moderate amount of heating such as the armature winding
is liable to, and become squeezed out and allow the convolutions to come together.
If the winding be simply dipped in shellac, a hard coating may readily be obtained
by baking the winding after dipping it.
We shall now describe our improvements in the construction of the field and
the mounting of the armature and commutator brushes.
We have shown our improvements applied to the ordinary horse-shoe-shaped
field magnetized by two coils A. A, but it will be evident that it may be applied to
other well known forms of field. In order to form a bearing for the armature
shaft, and at the same time to enclose and protect the armature together with the
commutator and commutator-brushes, so that these parts will be protected from
injury by improper handling or from something getting in the way or striking the
commutator or armature. when it is revolving, we face off or form the edges or sides
of the pole pieces B B, so that a cap or plate C can be conveniently screwed or
otherwise attached thereto. This plate may be conveniently stamped out of sheet
metal or formed from a casting, if desirable, and we prefer to make it with a flange e
which is screwed directly to the sides of the pole pieces, as shown and a bell-
shaped or bulging part C, as seen in section in Fig. 2, so as to leave an annular
space extending somewhat beyond the pole pieces for the armature to project into,
leaving clearance enough for the armature to revolve properly. In the centre of the
cap or plate is formed a hub or hoss, as shown, which is drilled out and forms a
suitable bearing for the armature shaft. The form of armature which is best adapted
to this form of mounting, though it may be applied to other forms of armature, is
one provided with a flat or disc commutator, like that already described. In order to.
get the commutator brushes F F with this form of armature within the plate so as
to entirely enclose and protect them, we mount the brushes upon the sides or edges
of the pole pieces B, and form the plate C with suitable openings or recesses to
receive the brushes, so that when the plate C is in place, the entire brushes, or at least
the whole of each brush, is entirely covered and protected by the plate. The brush
recesses in the plate may be made of any desired shape, and formed in any desired

page_text: way but in order to simplify and cheapen the cost of construction as much as
possible, we form these recesses in the shape of flat arched tunnels or hoods, DD, as
clearly indicated, by stamping the plates out of sheet metal and in so doing drawing
up the metal at these points. Into each hood is fitted a support or block E of some
hard insulating material, such as hard rubber, which fits the hood closely, so that it
cannot twist. The brushes F fit closely in seats in the block E, so that the blocks
guide and determine the positions of the brushes I, when they are in place.
Consequently when the machine is put together, the blocks E assume their proper
positions, being guided into place by the sides of the hoods, and the brushes Fare
guided into place by the blocks E, so that no special adjustment of the brushes in
each machine is necessary. The brushes and blocks are screwed to the pole pieces by
screws H, which pass through the brush and the insulating block, and screw into the
pole piece, contact between the screw and the brush being prevented by an insulating
bushing G, formed with a shoulder which surrounds the screw shank where it passes
through the brush the connecting wire which connects with one of the binding
posts, being connected to the brush in any desirable way, by clamping it between the
shoulder and the brush, as shown, for example. This method of mounting forms
an extremely cheap and simple construction, and makes the brushes self-adjusting
but it will be evident that in using the plates C the brushes may be mounted and held
in position in other ways, if desirable.
:
The end of the armature away from the commutator may of course be mounted in
any form of bearing; but we prefer to mount it in a cap or end plate, like the plate
at the other end of the armature, already described, except that it contains no spaces
or recesses for the brushes, so as to enclose and protect this end of the armature also ;
and in order to entirely enclose the armature and form a complete casing therefor,
which will prevent its being tampered with and protect it from accidental injury by
anything dropping into the armature space, we introduce a covering plate or shield N,
so as to cover up the remaining opening between the upper ends of the pieces and
thereby completely enclose the chamber or space in which the armature revolves.
We make this plate slightly arched to conform to the circle of the field, and slip it in
between the field coils and the end plates, where it is held in place by shoulders with
edges which rest on the end plates ().
Al
To enable the machine to be readily attached to a table or platform, we provide
rigid clamp attached to the machine, formed with an arm reaching under the table,
and provided with a clamping screw. In order to attach this clamp firmly to the
machine, and at the same time connect the bottom or fect of the pole pieces so as to
hold them rigidly in their proper positions with respect to each other, we make the clamp
of brass or other non-magnetic material, and form it with a flat portion which extends
across between the two pole piece B and is rigidly screwed or bolted to the poles.
We are aware that in English patent No. 3,880 of 1881, there is described a winding
formed of a flat copper winding or conductor; and we do not broadly claim such a
winding.
We are also aware than in English patent No. 1786 of 1884, there is described a
jointed armature core built up of semi-circular flat half rings placed side by side in
alternate positions, so as to form two sets of half rings, in such a way that one set
projects beyond the others at the either end, and when the two halves of the core are
brought together, the alternate rings fit into one another, the spaces between the
alternate rings being occupied by the intervening rings, thus enabling the entire core
space to be filled with iron. But we do not claim this construction.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said invention
and in what manner it is to be performed, we declare that what we claim is :-
1. In an armature for dynamo-electric machines or electric motors, the combination
of a winding consisting of a continuous unbroken wire or conductor wound continuously
with respect to two or more sections, and commutator strips or sections having
extensions connected directly with certain turns or convolutions of said winding,
whereby the said winding is electrically divided into the desired sections.

page_text: 2. In a ring armature for dynamo-electric machines or electric motors, the
combination with the core having a winding consisting of a continuous unbroken wire
or conductor, of a ring-mounting consisting of a drum or block fitted into the space
between said ring and the shaft and rigidly attached to both, and commutator strips
or segments attached to or mounted on the end or face of said drum, and having
extensions connected directly with certain points of the winding.
3. In a dynamo-electric machine or electric motor, an armature winding consisting
of a wire or conductor wound in two or more layers, the wire being brought back at
each layer so that all the layers are helices of the same kind, (i.e., dextrorsal or
sinistrorsal as the case may be,) and the convolutions of one layer fit into the interstices
of the one bencatlı.
4. In a dynamo-electric machine or electric motor, the combination with a
commutator having a flat face or face practically at right angles to the axes, of
commutator brushes which bear upon the commutator at their edges or points, and are
set so that their edges or lines of contact are oblique to the cranks or spaces between
the commutator strips, so as to bridge over these spaces and allow the armature to be
turned in either direction without injury to the brushes.
5. The hereindescribed armature, having two or more of its sections wound with a
continuous wire or conductor, one of the convolutions of each section or the convolution
at the junction of each two sections being formed so as to project beyond the adjoining
convolutions, and being connected with the corresponding commutator-strip.
6. The hereindescribed armature, having a winding formed of a continuous flat wire,
ribbon, or conductor, on edge, the winding being divided into sections by convolutions
which project beyond the others, and are connected with the corresponding
commutator-strips.
7. The combination, with an armature-winding formed with certain raised or
projecting convolutions to which the commutator strips are connected, of commutator
strips formed with extensions which rest in contact with and are soldered to the sides
of the projecting convolutions.
8. The combination, with an armature-winding formed with certain raised or
projecting convolutions to which the commutator strips are connected, of commutator-
strips formed with split or forked extensions which straddle or rest against the raised
convolutions on each side thereof, and are soldered thereto, substantially as
described.
9. The hereindescribed commutator-strip, formed with the diverging projections, mm,
adapted to be drawn together so that the armature connection or winding can be
inserted and the projections then forced.or drawn together so as to grasp the armature
winding, substantially as described.
10. The hereindescribed commutator-strip formed with the sector-shaped portion M,
and the diverging fingers or projections, mm, substantially as described.
11. The hereindescribed process of connecting the commutator of an armature,
consisting in forming the commutator so that each commutator strip is provided with
a forked extension or portion formed with an opening to receive the armature
connection or winding, these openings being larger than the winding or wire which
enters them, applying the commutator so formed to the wound armature, and then
forcing or drawing together the forked extensions or openings so as to grasp the wire
or winding, substantially as described.
12. The combination, with the commutator-strips M, of a drum or mounting therefor,
which is stamped or formed with recesses or depressions in which the strips fit,
substantially as described.
13. The combination, in a Gramme ring armature, with the iron ring or core, of a
winding formed of a wire or conductor having a trapezoidal or sector-shaped cross
section, and wound upon the core so that its thicker edge or side is nearest the core,
whereby the conductivity of the winding is increased, and the flat side of each wire is
parallel with the side of the adjacent wire on the inside of the ring, substantially as
described.
14. The hereindescribed process of winding or forming armatures for dynamo-

page_text: electric machines or electric motors, consisting in winding two or more armature
sections continuously upon a suitable form or mandrel, and then removing the winding
so formed, and transferring it to the armature-core.
15. The hereindescribed process of winding or forming armatures for dynamo-
electric-machines or electric motors, consisting in winding or forming the complete
armature winding upon a suitable form or mandrel, and then removing the winding
so formed from the mandrel and transferring it to the armature-core.
16. The hereindescribed process of winding or forming armatures for dynamo-
electric machines or electric motors, consisting in winding a wire or conductor upon a
straight form or mandrel so as to form a flexible or bendible winding conformable to
the shape of the armature-core, and then removing the winding so formed from the
mandrel, and transferring it to the armature-core.
17. The hereindescribed process of winding or forming armatures for dynamo-
electric machines or electric motors, consisting in winding a continuous wire or
conductor in a single layer equal in length to the complete armature winding upon a
straight form or mandrel, and then removing the winding so formed from the mandrel,
and transferring it to the armature core.
18. The hereindescribed process of winding or forming armatures for dynamo-
electric machines or electric motors, consisting in winding a flat wire, ribbon, or
conductor, on edge upon a suitable form or mandrel, and then removing the winding
so formed from the mandrel, and transferring it to the armature-core.
19. The hereindescribed process of winding or forming armatures for dynamo-
electric machines or electric motors, consisting in winding two or more armature
sections continuously upon a suitable form or mandrel, in such a way that one of the
turns or convolutions of each section projects beyond or is wound differently from the
other convolutions, so as to enable the commutator-strips to be easily connected with
the winding at these points, and then removing the winding from the mandrel and
transferring it to the armature-core.
20. The hereindescribed process of winding or forming armatures for dynamo-
electric machines or electric motors, consisting in winding two or more sections
continuously upon a suitable form or mandrel, one of the convolutions of each section
or the convolution separating each two sections, being wound over a raised portion
of said mandrel, so as to project beyond the other convolutions, and enable the
commutator-strips to be easily connected thereto, and then removing the winding so
formed from the mandrel, and transferring it to the armature-core.
21. The combination, with the revolving flat mandrel, P, of the arm Q which bears
upon the outside of the wire and bends it to conform to the shape of the mandrel,
substantially as described.
22. The combination, with the revolving mandrel P, of the arm or stationary guide Q
formed with a slot or groove in which the wire is bent to conform to the mandrol and
at the same time supported on both sides so as to keep it upright, substantially as
described.
23. The combination, of the revolving mandrel, P, and means for winding the wire
or conductor thereon, of the fingers adapted to be introduced under the wire as it
winds upon the mandrel, substantially as described.
24. The combination, with the revolving mandrel P, and means for winding the
wire or conductor thereon, of the sleeve S, sliding upon the mandrel, and the finger s
attached to the sleeve, substantially as described.
25. The combination, of the revolving mandrel P, of the travelling carriage R, and
the arm pivoted to the carriage which bears upon the outside of the wire and bends
it to conform to the shape of the mandrel, substantially as described.
26. The combination, with the revolving mandrel P, of the travelling carriage R,
the arm pivoted thereon and formed with a groove or slot in its surface where
it bears upon the mandrel, through which slot the wire is fed and wound upon the
mandrel, substantially as described.
27. The combination, with the pole-pieces of a dynamo-electric machine or electric
motor, of a cap or shield covering the end of the armature space and enclosing the

page_text: end of the armature and also the commutator. and brushes, substantially as
described.
28. The combination, with the pole-pieces of a dynamo-electric machine or electric
motor, and an armature provided with a flat or disc commutator, of a cap or shield
covering the end of the armature space and enclosing the end of the armature and also
the commutator and brushes, substantially as described.
29. The combination, with the pole-pieces of a dynamo-electric machine or electric
motor, of an end plate or cap attached to the pole-pieces, which acts as or supports a
bearing for the armature shaft, and forms a shield or cover which encloses and protects
the armature and also the commutator and brushes, substantially as described.
30. The combination, with the pole-pieces of a dynamo-electric machine or electric
motor, and an armature provided with a flat or disc commutator, of an end plate or
cap attached to the pole-pieces, which acts as or supports a bearing for the armature
shaft, and forms a shield or cover which encloses the armature and also the commutator
and brushes, substantially as described.
31. The combination, with the pole-pieces of a dynamo-electric machine. or electric
motor, of an end plate or cap attached to the pole-pieces, which acts as or supports a
bearing for the armature shaft, and forms a 'shield or cover which encloses and
protects the armature and also the commutator and brushes, and is provided with
recesses or openings to receive the brushes.
32. The combination, with the pole-pieces of a dynamo-electric machine or electric
motor, of an end plate or cap attached to the pole-pieces, which acts as and supports
a bearing for the armature shaft, and forms a shield or cover which encloses and
protects the end of the armature and brushes, and is provided with recesses or
openings which guide and determine the position of the brushes.
33. The combination, with the pole-pieces B B, of the plate or cap C attached
thereto, formed with recesses or boods to receive the brushes, and the brushes F
attached to the pole pieces and passing through the hoods.
34. The combination, with the pole-pieces B B, of the end plate or cap Cattached
thereto, formed with hoods to receive the brushes, and the insulating blocks E and
brushes F mounted therein.
35. The combination, with the pole-pieces B B, of the end plate or cap Cattached
thereto, formed with hoods to receive the brushes, and the insulating blocks or
supports E fitting closely within the hoods, so as to have their positions determined
thereby, and the brushes F mounted in recesses or slots in the said blocks.
36. The combination, of the pole-pieces B B, the plate or cap Cattached thereto,
formed with the flange c and hoods to receive the brushes, the blocks E, fitting closely
within so as to have their positions determined by the hoods, the brushes F resting
in and guided by the blocks E, and the screws H passing through the brushes and
blocks and screwed into the pole-pieces.
37. A dynamo-electric machine or electric motor having its armature together with
its commutator and brushes entirely enclosed by a casing formed by the pole-pieces
and suitable shields or covering plates attached thereto, so as to completely cover and
enclose the armature and commutator space, substantially as described.
38. The combination of the pole pieces B B, of the clamp of non-magnetic material
rigidly fixed to each of the pole pieces at its foot, and provided with a clamping screw.
39. The combination of the pole-pieces B B, the caps or shields C, and the top
plate or shield N, covering the opening between the pole-pieces, and having its ends
resting upon the caps C, substantially as described.
Dated this Treanto first day of Desemba 100E
W. LLOYD WISE,
46, Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, W.C.,
Agent for the Applicants.