IMPROVED METHODS OF AND APPARATUS FOR POLISHING SURFACES AND FOR GRINDING AND POINTING CARD TEETH."
Year: 1880

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Carter Ramsden, of Bilton Garth, Hampsthwaite,
near Ripley, in the County of York, for an Invention of "IMPROVED METHODS
OF AND APPARATUS FOR POLISHING SURFACES AND FOR GRINDING AND
POINTING CARD TEETH."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Carter Ramsden at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 21st May 1880.
"
JOHN CARTER RAMSDEN, of Bilton Garth, Hampsthwaite, near Ripley, in the
County of York. IMPROVED METHODS OF AND APPARATUS FOR POLISHING
SURFACES AND FOR GRINDING AND POINTING CARD TEETH."
This Invention has for its object the construction of rollers, cylinders, or flats in
such a
manner that the periphery or surface thereof shall be covered with
innumerable cutting edges or spaces or recesses capable of holding and retaining
cutting or grinding material, such as emery powder or other suitable ingredient,
along with and interspersed with metal surfaces for the purpose of grinding and
pointing the teeth of cards used in the manipulation of fibrous substances, so that
such said teeth shall have three sides of the circle (assuming they are made from
round wire) operated upon and be tapered more or less towards the centre. This
is a great desideratum. At the present moment the cards upon the cylinders of
the carding engine are in most cases ground at least twice a week by an emery
roller. This roller is flat upon its surface and grinds the teeth to an angle, but in
nowise does it alter the circumference thereof.
Now the particular object of this Invention is so to construct rollers, cylinders,
or flats, having the periphery or cutting surfaces thereof so interposed with metal
cutting or frictional surfaces and emery powder or a suitable equivalent, that the
card teeth are operated upon on three sides of their circumference and brought to a
taper point.
The modus operandi by which I accomplish this result is two-fold, and yet the
same principle pervades both processes, and that is, the combination of metal
frictional surfaces in conjunction with emery or other cutting powder arranged in

page_text: such a manner that the metal surfaces will prevent the breaking down of the emery
or other cutting walls betwixt the interstices of the card teeth.
In modus operandi, say, No. 1, I accomplish the result somewhat as follows,
i.e. I take wire of a suitable thickness and twist this wire into helical coils of a
suitable size, and interlace them into each other, and hold them in position by
means of locking pins, and thus form a flexible fabric, with which I cover rollers or
cylinders of sufficient width for the purpose required; or I make it into a flat in
accordance with the necessary requirements.
It must be understood that this fabric for the purpose of operating upon card
teeths must be alternately interlaced with a left and right hand twist, and secondly,
some of the coils, say, every second, third, fourth, or fifth (or the changes can be
run in accordance with the will of the operator) must be twisted upon a larger
mandril than the others, the consequence of which will be that when the said fabric
is placed or fixed upon the rollers or cylinders some of the coils will stand out or
project further from the centre than the others. I then fill the intermediate coils
with a composition consisting of a cement and emery or other grinding ingredient
intermixed therewith. This roller can either be used per se or it can be placed in
a trough containing emery or its equivalent and a hydro carbon, say, turpentine,
or it may be fed continuously with emery or some other grinding material, and
either have or have not some hydro carbon in the box; but in any case the con-
sequence of this arrangement will be that the teeth of the cards are pointed on three
sides of their circumference "sooner or later," in accordance with the arrangement
employed.
'
In modus operandi No. 2 instead of using the fabric as before described I clothe
the rollers or cylinders with card clothing, and fill or nearly so the spaces betwixt
the teeth of such card filliting with a similar composition to what I use when
operating upon the fabric just described.
It will be perfectly understood that whatever composition or compound I use to
fill up
the fabric or card teeth emery powder or some equivalent therefor must be
one large ingredient; glue mixed with emery might answer; shellac mixed with
emery would do; in fact, each of these, give them time enough, would point the
teeth; but what I have found best for the purpose is a soluble silicate, say, silicate
of soda well intermixed with emery powder or its equivalent, and sometimes a
little carbonate of lead and powdered,pumice stone may be found useful to make a
more coherent mass.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said John Carter Ramsden in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 20th
November 1880.
JOHN CARTER RAMSDEN, of Bilton Garth, Hampsthwaite, near Ripley, in the
County of York. "IMPROVED METHODS OF AND APPARATUS FOR POLISHING
SURFACES AND FOR GRINDING AND POINTING CARD TEETH."
This Invention has for its object the construction of rollers, cylinders, or flats in
such a manner that the periphery or surface thereof shall be covered with
innumerable cutting edges or spaces or recesses capable of holding and retaining
cutting or grinding material, such as emery powder or other suitable ingredient,
along with and interspersed with metal surfaces for the purpose of grinding and
pointing the teeth of cards used in the manipulation of fibrous substances, so that
such said teeth shall have three sides of the circle (assuming they are made from
round wire) operated upon and be tapered more or less towards the centre.
is a great desideratum. At the present moment the cards upon the cylinder of the
carding engine are in most cases at least ground twice a week by an emery roller.
This roller is flat upon its surface and grinds the teeth to an angle, but in nowise
does it alter the circumference thereof.
This
Now the particular object of this Invention is so to construct rollers, cylinders,
or flats, having the periphery or cutting surfaces thereof so interposed with metal
cutting or frictional surfaces and emery powder or a suitable equivalent, that the
card teeth are operated upon on three sides of their circumference and brought to a
taper point. The modus operandi by which I accomplish this result is two-fold,
and yet the same principle pervades both processes, and that is, the combination of
metal frictional surfaces in conjunction with emery or other cutting powder
arranged in such a manner that the metal surfaces will prevent the breaking down
of the emery or other cutting walls betwixt the interstices of the card teeth.
In modus operandi, say, No. 1, I accomplish the result somewhat as follows,
i.e. I take wire of a suitable thickness and twist this wire into helical coils of a
suitable size, and interlace them into each other, and hold them in position by
means of holding pins, and thus form a flexible fabric with which I cover rollers or
cylinders of sufficient width for the purpose required; or I make it into a flat in
accordance with the necessary requirements. It must be understood that this
fabric for the purpose of operating upon card teeth must be alternately interlaced
with a left and right hand twist, and secondly, some of the coils, say, every second,
third, fourth, or fifth (or the changes can be run in accordance with the will of the
operator) must be twisted upon a larger mandril than the others, the consequence
of which will be that when the said fabric is placed or fixed upon the rollers or
cylinders some of the coils will stand out or project further from the centre than
the others. I then fill the intermediate coils with a composition consisting of a
cement and emery or other grinding ingredient intermixed therewith. This roller
can either be used per se, or it can be placed in a trough containing emery or its
equivalent, and a hydro-carbon, say, turpentine, or it may be fed continuously
with emery or some other grinding material, and either have or have not some
hydro carbon in the box, but in any case the consequence of this arrangement will
be that the teeth of the cards are pointed on three sides of their circumference
'sooner or later," in accordance with the arrangement employed. In modus
operandi No. 2 instead of using the fabric as before described I clothe the rollers or
cylinders with card clothing and fill or nearly so the spaces betwixt the teeth of
such card filliting with a similar composition to what I use when operating upon
the fabric just described. It will be perfectly understood that whatever com-
position or compound I use to fill up the fabric or card teeth emery powder or
"

page_text: some equivalent therefor must be one large ingredient; glue mixed with emery
might answer; shellac mixed with emery would do; in fact, each of these, give
them time enough, would point the teeth; but what I have found best for the
purpose is a soluble silicate, say, silicate of soda well intermixed with emery powder
or its equivalent, and sometimes a little carbonate of lead and powdered pumice
stone may be found useful to make a more coherent mass. On the accompanying
Drawing Figs. 1 and 2 represent a side and end view respectively of a grinding or
cutting roller a constructed on the principle of my Invention; b, b¹, are spiral
springs made from wire of about 22 gauge upon a mandril about one quarter of an
inch diameter, some with a left hand twist and some with a right hand twist.
I arrange and interlace these together alternately in reverse directions upon the
roller a, and they may be interspersed if desired with a few made upon a rather
larger mandril, the fabric being manufactured either the full width of the
roller a, as shewn, or made in long ribbons wound spirally on to the roller, and
then finished off, as before described (or if preferred the emery or other filling may
be dispensed with). When placed in a frame and caused to revolve at a con-
siderable speed and fed or not with a stream of emery or other cutting powder
the roller a will be found to act in a very beneficial manner upon the card teeth
submitted to its action, the teeth being thereby operated upon on three sides of
their circumference and brought to a taper point. Wire of any section can be used
in the manufacture of this fabric; round wire will answer the purpose, but as a
matter of fact wire of that shape or section which presents most cutting edges or
spaces or recesses capable of holding and retaining a cutting or grinding material
will be found most beneficial, and for this reason I recommend the fabric to be
manufactured from wire the section of which represents an elongated triangle, the
two long sides of which are indented and possess a file like appearance. When
making spiral springs of wire of this section the short side of the elongated triangle
forms the base and rests upon the mandril while being twisted.
Having now described the nature of my Invention, and the manner in which
the same is or may be used or carried into effect, I would observe in conclusion that
what I claim as my Invention is,-
The improved methods or processes of and apparatus for grinding, cutting, and
pointing card teeth, substantially as herein before described and illustrated by the
accompanying Drawing.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Carter Ramsden, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this 16th day of November, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and eighty.
Witness,
EMILY RAMSDEN,
Gristhorpe Hall,
near Filey.
JOHN CARTER RAMSDEN. (L.S.)