Improvements in and relating to Pneumatic or Air Inflated Tyres.
Year: 1892

page_text: Date of Application, 21st Oct., 1892
Complete Specification Left, 18th July, 1893-Accepted, 19th Aug., 1893
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and relating to Pneumatic or Air Inflated Tyres.
I ROBERT EDWARD PHILLIPS Member of the Institution of Mechanical
Engineers, of 70 Chancery Lanc, in the Parish of St. Andrews Holborn in the
County of London, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of this invention
which has been communicated to me from abroad by Leopold Holt temporarily
residing at Hotel Union, Steinweg, Frankfort-on-the-Main Gentleman to be as
follows:-
My invention relates first to an improved method of attaching covers or jackets.
of pneumatic tyres to the rims of wheels, and secondly to an improved construction
of air tube for inflating pneumatic tyres.
The cover or jacket which is made of canvas and rubber in the well-known
manner is preferably moulded in an arch-shape or approximately arch-shape in
cross section, and it has formed in, or fixed to, cach edge an endless hoop or ring
made out of a strip of steel or other metal. These hoops or rings are not made with
the thickness of the metal lying either parallel with their axes or at right angles.
thereto, but at such an angle therewith as will cause the edges of the cover to close
on to the innerside of the rim of the wheel when the tyre is inflated. As a
modification of this device the hoops or rings may be made of metal, round or
square in cross section in which case the innerside of the rim of the wheel; i.e., the
side adapted to receive the spokes of the wheel, is formed with a slight inwardly
projecting flange on each edge and a deep recess or groove at or about the centre
of the rim. The outer part of the rim forming the tread is preferably made flat or
approximately flat. The hoops or rings in the edges of the cover are of such a
diameter that they will just fit in the rim but are too large to mount over the
flanges on the inner edges thereof. The edges of the cover are got into position by
pressing one part of the edge of the cover into the central depression on the inner
surface of the rim which allows the part diametrically opposite to it to pass over
the flange on the edge of the rim. By pulling the cover outwards the edge then
becomes firmly locked to the rim. The hoops or rings may as a modification be
independent of the edges of the cover or jacket but adapted to engage therewith so
as to lock them to the rim, in which case the cover or jacket is preferably made
with beads or enlargements on its edges.
My improved air tube is constructed in the following manner :-One half of the
diameter of the air tube has formed in it, or fixed to it a layer of canvas or other
textile fabric constituting that part of it what is technically known as a composite
air tube, but the other part of it, which is adapted to form the outer surface or
tread, is made of pure rubber. This part is then reinforced by means of one or
more strips of canvas or other textile fabric solutioned on to the said air tube, the
said strip or strips overlapping each other where they meet and overlapping
that part of the air tube formed as a composite tube. The fabric permanently
fixed to or forming part of the air tube is preferably cut on the cross or bias, and
the other fabric is preferably cut on the straight with selvage edges.
By this construction I obtain all the benefits of a composite air tube, while I
facilitate the repair of such tubes by enabling the reinforcing fabric on that part of
them most liable to be punctured, to be easily removed so that the repairing patch
can be placed on the rubber tube, after which the reinforcing fabric is again
solutioned down to the tube. This part of my invention is applicable to all types
of pneumatic tyres having separate air tubes.
Dated this 21st day of October 1892

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Improvements in and relating to Pneumatic or Air Inflated Tyres.
1 ROBERT EDWARD PHILLIPS Member of the Institution of Mechanical
Engineers, of 70 Chancery Lane, in the Parish of St. Andrews Holborn in the
County of London, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of this invention
which has been communicated to me from abroad by Leopold Holt temporarily
residing at Frankfort-on-the-Main and in what manner the same is to be
performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement :-
My invention relates to an improved method of securing the cover of a pneumatic
tyre to a wheel rim, the object being to facilitate the removal of the cover of the
tyre from the rim of the wheel and its replacement again when the necessity arises
for repairing the tyre.
To this end my invention consists in forming on the edges of the wheel rim
inwardly projecting beads forming on the inner face of the rim, i.e., the face adapted
to receive the spokes of the wheel a central groove; and in placing in the edges of
the cover metallic hoops or rings adapted to be placed in the groove or recess in the
inner face of the rim and to engage with the beads forming the sides thereof and
.thus secure the cover to the wheel rim.
In the accompanying drawings which forms part of this Specification
Figures 1, 2 and 3 Sheet No. 1 are views in transverse section of a tyre and
wheel rim showing several ways in which my invention may be carried into
practice.
Figure 4 Sheet No. 1, is a diagrammatic view showing how the cover of the tyre
is removed from the wheel rim, and
Figures 5 5 and 6 Sheet No. 2 are broken views in transverse.section showing
..other forms my invention may assume.
Throughout the views similar parts are marked with like letters of reference.
The cover A of the tyre which is made of rubber reinforced with canvas in the
well-known manner is moulded in an arch shape in cross section and it has formed
in its edges pockets a, a, in each of which is placed an endless hoop or ring B of
.metal or other suitable material. These endless hoops or rings are made sufficiently
strong to prevent inward buckling, and they may be made either of round wire
as shown by Figures 1 and 2, of strips of metal of a flat section as shown by
Figures 3, 45 and 5*, or of a tubular section as shown by Figure 6.
The wheel rim C is made flat or approximately flat on its outer face and it has
on its edges, inwardly projecting beads c, c, forming between them a groove c¹ on
the inner face of the rim, i.e., on the side adapted to receive the spokes of the wheel.
The hoops or rings B are of a larger diameter than the internal diameter of the
wheel rim measured from edge to edge of the inwardly projecting beads c, c, so that
when the edges of the cover containing the hoops or rings are once placed in the
groove in the rim they cannot become disengaged from the rim unless they are
manipulated for that purpose.
Each edge of the cover is got into position by placing one part of the hoop or
ring in the edge into the groove c' in the inner face of the rim C until the hoop or
ring becomes eccentric with the flanges or beads c, c, on the rim which allows the
part diametrically opposite to pass over the bead into the groove c' as shown by the
left hand side of Figure 4. To allow the hoop or ring B to be placed eccentric
with the beads c, c, forming the sides of the grooves cl the diameter of the said
groove measured at the bottom thereof is greater than that of the hoops or rings.
When the edges of the cover are once got into position they seat themselves-as
shown by the right hand side of Figure 4-automatically on the inflation of the air

page_text: tube D, which is of the usual construction and is fitted with any suitable form of
valve for inflation and deflation.
As a modification the hoops or rings B may be made independent of the edges of
the cover A in which case beads or enlargements a, a, are formed on the edges of
the cover for the hoops or rings B to engage with, and the groove c' in the inner
face of the rim C is preferably formed in two parts as shown by Figure 6 of the.
accompanying drawing.
It will be seen that as the edges of the cover are folded or lapped round the.
beads forming the sides of the groove in the inner face of the rim, there is.
considerable frictional contact between the cover and the rim, so that the entire
strain due to the inflation of the tyre is not placed upon the hoops or rings in the.
edges of the cover.
As it is only necessary to detach one edge of the cover from the wheel rim to get
at the air tube one edge of the said cover may if desired be permanently fixed to.
the wheel rim either by screws b passing through one of the bands B as shown by
Figure 5 or by any other convenient device.
I wish it to be particularly understood that I do not limit myself to the precise
details of construction hereinbefore described and illustrated by the accompanying
drawing, but that I hold myself at liberty to make such changes and alterations as
fairly fall within the spirit and scope of my invention.
I am aware that the covers of pneumatic tyres have already been secured to.
wheel rims by having wires or bands in their edges adapted to engage with a groove
in the outer face of the rim, and I therefore do not broadly claim such as my
invention, but
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven--
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what [
claim is :-
1. The hereinhefore described method of securing the edges of the cover of a
pneumatic tyre to a wheel rim, which consists in forming on the inner face of the
wheel rim a groove and in placing in the edges of the cover rigid metallic hoops or
rings adapted to fit in the said groove in the inner face of the rim and to engage
with the sides thereof, as set forth.
2. In a pneumatic tyred wheel, the combination of a wheel rim having an
approximately flat outer face and a grooved inner face, and of a cover having
metallic hoops or rings located in its edges adapted to fit in the said groove in the
wheel rim, as set forth.
3. In a pneumatic tyred wheel, the combination with a wheel rim having a flat
outer face and having beads formed on its edges adapted to form a central groove
in its inuer face, and of a cover having a wire hoop or ring located in each edge the
diameters of the said hoops or rings being greater than the diameter of the groove.
in the inner face of the rim measured from edge to edge of the beads thereof, as set
forth.
4. In a pneumatic tyred wheel, the combination with a wheel rim having a flat.
outer face and having beads formed on its edges adapted to form a central groove.
in its inner face, and of a cover having a flat metallic hoop or ring located in each
edge the diameters of the said hoops or rings being greater than the diameter of the
groove in the inner face of the rim measured from edge to edge of the beads.
thereof, as set forth.
5. In a pneumatic tyred wheel, the combination of a wheel rim the outer face of
which is flat or approximately flat and which has formed on its inner face a
circumferential groove formed in two parts, of a cover having enlarged or beaded
edges adapted to fit in the two parts of the groove in the inner face of the
rim, and of rigid metallic hoops or rings of a larger diameter than that of the groove.
in the rim measured from edge to edge of the flanges or beads forming the edges of
the said groove and adapted to retain the enlarged or beaded edges of the cover in
the two parts of the groove in the rim, as set forth.

page_text: 6. In a pneumatic tyred wheel, the combination of a wheel rim the outer face of
which is flat or approximately flat and which has formed on its inner face, i.e., the
face adapted to receive the spokes of the wheel a circumferential groove formed in
two parts, and of a cover having unstretchable endless bands or hoops located in its
edges adapted to engage with the grooves in the rim, as set forth.
Dated this 15th day of July 1893.
ROBT. ED. PHILLIPS, M.I.M.E.