AN IMPROVED CALCULATING APPARATUS FOR ADDITION
Year: 1886

page_text: J, JOSIAH WALTER STANLEY of 73 Edleston Road, Crewe, in the County of
Chester, Surveyor of Taxes do hereby declare the nature of my invention for
AN IMPROVED CALCULATING APPARATUS FOR ADDITION to be as follows:-
A rotary disc is divided into 240 and 100 equal parts and two circles of holes
perforated or drilled in it,-the outer circle of 240 to represent the number of
pence in 1 and to numbered Od. to 198. 11d. on the outside margin; and the
inner circle of 100 for numerals, and marked 0 to 99 on the inside. The disc is
made to revolve on a pivot and between two plates. A circular aperture is cut in
the upper plate so as to exhibit to view the holes but not the numbers of the disc,
and two small openings are also cut on the out and inside of the aperture so as to
exhibit one of each circle of numbers to view. The upper plate is also divided and
numbered round the edges of the aperture and concentric with the disc,-the outer
edge 0 to 198. 11d. and the inner edge 0 to 99. The holes of the disc therefore
appear against the numbers on the upper plate. A connection is made across the
circular aperture at that part where figure 0 appears on each side, which connection
is made for the purpose of providing a terminus necessary for the operation of
addition. When the apparatus is at 0 and the operator requires to add, say, 28. 6d.
to 158. 6d. he places a pointer in that hole of the disc which appears against 2s. 6d.
on the plate and carries the disc round to terminus. The figure 28. 6d. on the disc
will then appear through the small opening in the plate. He then places a pointer
in the hole opposite 158. 6d. and again carries round the disc to terminus. The
figure 188. on the disc will then appear through the opening in the plate. The
same course is adopted for numerals, the disc having first been brought to 0 by
placing the pointer in that hole, which, when carried to terminus, shows 0 in the
opening of the plate. This hole is marked plainly between the two circles and is
therefore constantly visible.
The revolutions of the disc, or, in other words, the number of 's or 100's
"carried to the next column," are registered on a separate dial thus:-From one
part of the rim of the disc (vizt. that part which gives 0 as the result of addition
in the opening of the plate) a projecting piece or pin is fixed for the purpose of
coming into contact with an arm attached to a pallet, and for moving the said
arm one degree in a contrary direction. A small spiral spring pressing against
the arm then forces it back to its original position, and so keeps it until the next

page_text: revolution of the disc. The pallet engages an escapement wheel similarly to the
pallet movements of the clock. Upon the same spindle as the escapement wheel
moves, a ratchet wheel and slender clock spring are fixed, but the escapement
wheel is not fixed. It however carries with it a clock and spring (similar to those
used in clock barrels) and when the click engages the teeth of the ratchet wheel the
spring forces the whole in one direction. When, by the action of the pin of the
disc, the pallet is released from the position in which it is kept by the small spiral
spring the escapement wheel moves one tooth but no more. A finger is fixed to
that end of the spindle which is seen above the upper plate and points out on a
dial, which is marked on the plate, the number of movements of the escapement
wheel. The ratchet and escapement wheels have the same number of teeth, to
which the dial, of course, corresponds. It will be observed that the action of
winding up the spring is the same as turning back the finger to 0, which fact,
together with the method of utilizing the escapement wheel and pallet as an
accurate counter of the revolutions of the disc, and that by the circle of 240 holes
in the disc two columns of figures-shillings and pence-are added at the same
time are distinctive features of my invention.
The outer circle of holes in the disc may be numbered for farthings up to 58. in
a concentric circle of larger radius than the figures of shillings and pence, and the
numbers similarly shown through an opening in the plate. The small dial will in
this case show four movements of the finger for £1.

page_text: Improve Calculating Apparatus FOT
I, JOSIAH WALTER STANLEY of 2 Neasham Villas, Ashbourn Rd., Derby, in thè
County of Derby, late of 73 Edleston Rd., Crewe, in the County of Chester,
Surveyor of Taxes do hereby declare the nature of my invention for IMPROVED
CALCULATING APPARATUS FOR ADDITION and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:
Fig. 1 of the accompanying drawing is a view of the apparatus with the top
plates A A A and B B B Fig. 3 removed. The top plate of the small case D con-
taining the wheel work is also removed so as to furnish a view of the mechanism.
The rotary disc C C C C is divided into 240 and 100 equal parts and two circles
of holes drilled or perforated on each side of the raised part E E E E shown to
better advantage in the side view fig. 2. The disc is slightly hollowed out where
the numbers appear in the drawing so as to admit of printed dials of card or paper.
The disc revolves on the pivot or stand F fig. 2. It carries with it the pin G fig. 1
which at every revolution comes into contact with the lever H and moves it such
a such a distance as to enable the pallet J J to allow the escapement wheel K to
move one tooth. The spring P causes the wheels to move as soon as the escape-
ment wheel is relieved by the pallet. The spring L (which may be either a spiral
spring or one such as shown in the drawing) presses against the lever Ḥ and keeps
the pallet stationary until the pin G again engages the lever. To admit of smooth-
ness in the working of the wheels the escapement wheel K has 25 instead of
50 teeth and is fixed to the spindle, on which is also fixed the wheel M. This
wheel gears with the larger wheel N which has double the number of teeth in it.
The wheel N is loose on its spindle but the spring P and the ratchet wheel R of
50 teeth are both fixed. The click S pivoted to the wheel N engages the teeth of
the ratchet wheel-the spring T acting against it.
Fig. 3 represents the top plates. An aperture V V V is cut out to enable the
raised part of the disc E E E E Figs. 1 & 2 to come to the same plane as the
plates A & B. The cross piece X X is provided as a stop or terminus necessary in
the operation of addition. If the drawing fig. 3 is placed over the drawing fig. 1
and it be supposed the aperture is cut out a fair idea of the front view and also the
underneath part of the apparatus can be obtained by holding up the two sheets to
the light.
In the drawing the total of addition is shown at 99 for numerals. If the
pointer be placed in the hole against 1 on the top plate B and the disc moved to
terminus 0 will appear in the opening at Y and the finger on the small dial W
will have moved to 1 (representing 100) by the action of the pin G against the
lever H. Supposing the total is shown at 198. 9d. for shillings and pence (as in
drawing) and it is required to add 2d. the pointer is placed in the hole opposite 2d.
shown on the top plate A and the disc moved to terminus. The figures 198. 11d.
will then appear in the opening at Y. A red mark Z is made across the disc
at E and against those holes which, when carried to terminus, show 0 in the
opening at Y.

page_text: Fig. 4 is a side view of the mechanism contained in the small case D. The
spindle (a) is square at the top for fixing the finger (b) upon. To set the small
dial at 0 all that is required is to turn the finger back to that figure and this action
keeps the spring P wound up-the number of teeth on the ratchet wheel R corre-
sponding with the division of the dial W.
If is required to add 100 or £1 on the dial W at the same time as numerals or
shillings and pence on the disc C C C C it is merely necessary to move the lever H¹
which is a perpendicular piece fixed to the lever H. The lever H³ appears above
the plate A.
It is obvious that the 240 holes may be utilized for adding farthings, a com-
plete revolution representing 58. a sun sufficient to total any ordinary column but
in case of an extraordinary addition the operator would understand that every
movement of the finger on the dial W would, in adding farthings, represent 58. or
4 movements to the £.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim is
1. The addition of two columns (shillings and pence at one operation.
2. The appropriation of 240 holes for farthings.
3. The automatic method of counting the revolution of the disc by the pin,
lever, pallet, escapement wheel, wheels, and springs, which method gives perfect
accuracy and smoothness of working in the apparatus-the action by the pin and
lever being almost imperceptible to the operator.
4. The setting of the dials to 0 by the red mark on the disc but more particu-
larly by the turning of the finger back on the small dial which action keeps the
spring wound up and the apparatus always ready for use.
5. The adding of £1 or 100 at the same time, but independently, of the working
of the disc by moving the lever H¹ connected with the lever H.
Dated this thirteenth day of October 1886.