Improvements in the Manufacture and Production of Saponaceous Matter, applicable for use in or connected with the Dyeing of Textile Fabrics or Materials and for other purposes.
Year: 1890

page_text: Date of Application, 24th Dec., 1890
Complete Specification Left, 23rd Sept., 1891-Accepted, 31st Oct. 1891
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Manufacture and Production of Saponaceous
Matter, applicable for use in or connected with the Dyeing of
Textile Fabrics or Materials and for other purposes.
We CASIMIR EDOUARD MAISTRE and JEAN MATHIEU CAMPAGNE both of
45 Rue St. Sebastien Paris in the Republic of France do hereby declare the nature
of the said invention to be as follows:-
1
The present invention relates to the manufacture of saponaceous matter employed
for collecting or recovering unfixed indigo on textile materials (wool in particular)
and the immediate utilisation of the indigo thus obtained for dyeing purposes as
hereinafter described.
This new soap or saponaceous product is also applicable to other purposes such
as the direct preparation of dyeing baths cleaning or scouring textile materials and
in general to any operations in which soap or saponaceous matter is required.
This saponaceous matter is obtained in two ways which we will now proceed to
describe.
(A) The manufacture of soaps by the direct saponification of fatty bodies by
means of alkaline salts employed in a dry condition in place of being employed as a
solution or lye as usually done and in particular by the combination of the olcine
and of the hydro sulphuret of sodium.
This saponification takes place more or less rapidly and may or may not
necessitate the intervention of heat according to the nature of the fatty body and of
the salts employed and the strength or energetic properties of the resulting products
depend on the same conditions.
This process presents numerous advantages compared with those commonly
employed. Economy of time and of fuel is effected, water not being employed as a
vehicle for the alkaline salt and the fatty bodies requiring little or no heat for their
saponification. The soap obtained does not require concentration, it does not
contain water and its composition is as constant or uniform as that of the original
materials the proportions of which may be measured or regulated with mathematical
precision.
Many different combinations may be obtained with the fatty body on the one
hand and the oxygenised or sulphurised alkaline salts on the other. The following
example shows how the operation is conducted in practice.
Take equal quantities of oleine and of the salt obtained by crystallising a mixture
of hydro sulphate of sodium and carbonate of soda or a mixture of hydrosulphate
and hydrate of soda, pour the pulverised products into oleine heated to ebullition
and agitate the mixture. The mixture swells up and becomes pasty. After a few
minutes it is withdrawn from the fire and sets in a homogeneous mass.
(B) The manufacture of saponaccous products in solution by the saponification of
fatty bodies and of oleine in particular-by-means-of a-solution-of-hydrate-and hydro
sulphuret of soda.
A lye at about 2° of the mixture of hydro sulphuret and hydrate or of carbonate
of soda is prepared and oleine is mixed therewith in the proportion of one kilo. of
oleine to every 100 litres of water. The mixture is heated to from about 40
to 45 degrees Centigrade, agitated and the saponaceous bath is formed and ready
for action.
The proportions given for the salt and the oleine may be modified according to
the purpose for which the product is destined. The action is based on the
simultaneous employment of alkaline sulphurets or earthy alkaline sulphurets (soda
potash etc.) and of the hydrates or other alkaline or earthy alkaline oxygenised

page_text: salts having for result the consecutive sulphuration and rapid saponification of the
fatty body.
The properties of this soap render it suitable for a great number of purposes such
for example as the following..
1. Recovering the unfixed indigo on textile materials leaving the vats in which
indigo is employed.
2. Preparation of saponaceous baths.
3. Scouring textile materials in the form of locks, threads; fabrics, waste and
skins (sheep skins) for example.
In order to recover the unfixed indigo on wool and other textile materials by
means of this saponaceous material we employ solutions prepared by the methods
hereinbefore indicated under A and B. The indigo is completely taken up by the
saponaceous bath and materials may be dyed directly in this bath when it has been
sufficiently charged with indigo by simply adding reducing materials, the alkali of
the soap acting as a solvent.
When wool after three or four passes according to the shade which it is to receive
issues from the dyeing vat it carries with it mechanically a certain quantity of
indigo which is not fixed and which disappears either in the washing of the wool or
in the different operations to which the cloth is subjected. This indigo is recovered
by means of this invention without in any way injuring. the colour of the wool or
the wool itself. Moreover as hereinafter explained, this indigo can be directly
utilised in the same bath which is employed for its extraction or recovery.
The bath may be formed in two different ways; by employing soap as herein-
before described under A or by forming the bath according to the method described
under B. The operation of recovering the indigo is performed in a tank provided
with a press or with squeezing rollers. This tank is provided with a double bottom
of sheet metal perforated with small holes placed about 4 inches from the actual
bottom and which by allowing the dirt..or impurities to pass through the holes
prevents the wool from trailing in any sediment that may be formed on the bottom
of the tank. The wool from the indigo vats is thrown into this bath and is beaten
for about 10 minutes in the bath after which it is taken out. The wool is now
caused to pass between the squeezing rollers which express all the liquid which it
has taken up from the bath and return it to the tank. By this simple passage it is
caused to leave in the bath almost all the impurities and the whole of the unfixed
indigo which it contained. Being thrown into a washer with a current of clear
water it discharges, owing to the action of the. soap that it has absorbed, all the
impurities and any indigo that may have escaped the action of the liquid in the
bath and after drying is obtained freed from all false weight and all the earthy
matter liable to interfere with subsequent operations as well as from the false colour
caused by the excess of indigo.
The fibres of the wool are not injured but on the contrary the wool is rendered
softer to the touch and its strength is increased.
In order to recover all the indigo that is not fixed on the fibre the wool as it is
taken from the saponaceous. bath may be thrown into a second tank filled with water
before going into the washer. By these means the second bath is caused to take
from the wool all the indigo that the first bath may have failed to extract. When
the first bath is sufficiently charged it may be used for dyeing as hereinafter
described and the second bath which contains but little indigo becomes the first bath
the wool from the dyeing vats being thrown directly into it, after having rendered
it saponaceous (formed to 2.5°) and raised the temperature to 40 degrees as described
with regard to the first bath.
An important advantage of this process results from the property possessed by
the saponaceous bath of being capable of being converted into an indigo dyeing
bath with hydrosulphite of soda, fermentation baths &c. &c.
In order to. directly utilize the indigo collected the process is conducted as
follows
The bath being charged with indigo by the passage of a sufficient quantity of

page_text: wool the temperature is raised to 60 degrees Centigrade and the bottom agitated
or stirred. By introducing the steam into the bath through a tube extending along
the bottom of the tank and perforated with holes the contents can be heated and
agitated at the same time.
Hydrosulphite of soda (or any other suitable reducing agent) is then added in
sufficient quantity to reduce the indigo which is held in solution by the saponaceous
matter and the bath is ready for dyeing. As much white or undyed wool as the
dye vat will conveniently contain is then introduced and after remaining for say
about 20 minutes for example it is dyed sufficiently and may be removed. As this
first passage does not absorb all the indigo in the vat more wool is introduced until the
dye is exhausted. The wool is very well or thoroughly dyed the blue shade is very
bright and violet the wool loses none of its brightness either in the washing or in
the various other operations which the material undergoes thus proving that the
indigo is well fixed.
Having explained how this saponaceous bath which has served for recovering the
indigo may be used as a dyeing bath it is evident that the dyeing may be continued
in the same bath by keeping up its strength by adding fresh indigo as required.
In like manner an original dyeing vat may be prepared with the saponaceous bath.
For this purpose a solution with the soap obtained as hereinbefore described of
a suitable degree of concentration is prepared. For example about 1 kilo. of the
soap may be used with 100 litres of water or a saponaceous bath may be pre-
pared as hereinbefore described under B.
In this solution a suitable quantity of ground indigo is dissolved. Hydrosulphite
of soda or any other reducing agent is then introduced into the bath containing the
indigo and the saponaceous solution for the purpose of reducing the indigo; directly
the bath presents a milky colour of a somewhat greenish yellow it is ready for
dyeing. From the foregoing it will be understood that the soap or the saponaceous
bath may be substituted either. altogether or in part for the alkaline solvents
heretofore employed.
The textile materials are uniformly and instantaneously penetrated by the bath
thus producing a perfect union and saving time the materials do not
carry away
indigo mechanically (if a little does escape it is easily recovered by rinsing the
materials in clean water) and the colours obtained are remarkably bright.
The bath may be employed for other purposes such for example as the following.
Simultaneous dyeing and scouring and unwashed wool such wool takes the colour
as readily as white wool it is even probable that the grease by enriching the bath of
fatty and alkaline matter produces an economy of the soap employed as a solvent.
Scouring and dyeing silk.
Lixiviation and dyeing of ramie, cotton and the like.
Simultaneous dyeing and scouring of oily wool, spinners waste, thread in bobbins,
unscoured fabrics. For example a white unscoured cloth being soaked in a bath
prepared with this soap can be dyed to the colour desired and scoured at the same
time. The colour is found to have permeated the interior more effectually than if
the cloth had been dyed and scoured in the ordinary way.
Another of the numerous useful purposes to which the saponaceous bath is
applicable is the scouring and lixiviation of textile materials in general whether
worked up or not and of wool in particular the process being based on the employ-
ment of special products and different modes of operating. The products employed
consist of combinations of fatty bodies and alkaline salts which are obtained as
herein before described under A and B.
The principal applications are as follows (the proportions of the products and the
mode of operating varies of course according to the nature of the work). Scouring
of greasy or imperfectly washed wool. Scouring of spun wool in hanks, skeins or
bobbins. Scouring of waste without felting. Scouring of sheep and other skins.
Unhairing skins. Scouring and fulling woollen cloths and stuffs. Scouring and
lixiviating linen goods. Scouring silk. Lixiviation and scouring of cotton

page_text: rainie etc. Scouring without felting of flannels, knitted goods, jerseys in pieces or
made up.
For most of the scouring operations it is necessary to employ a solution of
the soap in the proportion of about 40 grammes per litre of water and to raise the
temperature of this solution to from about 35 to 40 degrees Centigrade or the
saponaceous bath hereinbefore described may be employed.
The scouring of the wool and waste is performed in a tank provided with
squeezing rollers and a false bottom of sheet metal perforated with holes and raised
about 4 inches above the actual bottom so as to allow the impurities to pass through
and prevent the wool from trailing in the deposit which these impurities ultimately
form.
The tank is preferably divided into two compartments in the direction of its
length, a certain quantity of wool is put into each compartment beaten slightly and
lifted after about 15 or 20 minutes. One man may be employed in putting the
wool into one compartment whilst another lifts it out of the other compartment.
The wool is passed between the squeezing or wringing rollers which squeeze out
the liquid which it holds and return it to the tank. It is afterwards rinsed with
fresh water.
An improvement in the tank. consists in providing it with a rack or a set of
screws enabling the double bottom to be raised with the aid of a crank handle in
order to bring it up to the top of the tank the partition being fixed to this bottom
and being raised at the same time. This enables the small pieces of wool remaining
in the bath after each operation to be removed from the tank.
Cops or the like are scoured in a bath prepared in the same way but with the aid
of an apparatus enabling the liquid to be forced by pressure to penetrate to the
interior of the cop. The new product enables this work to be facilitated and
accelerated and yields a better result the cop or the like being scoured without felting
or altering the shape.
In order to lixiviate and scour linen it is allowed to soak in either of the
solutions herein before described under A and B at a temperature of from about 40
to 50 degrees Centigrade for a period of about 5 or 6 hours after which it simply
requires to be well washed with cold water.
After scouring the materials are rinsed in water either in the same apparatus or
in a separate vessel of similar construction.
For scouring woven fabrics or piece goods it is preferable to employ the solution
at a temperature of about 40 degrees Centigrade and a full width washing apparatus
in order to avoid all felting action..
The soap and saponaceous solutions hereinbefore described are applicable in
general to all processes in which such substances are required.
Dated this 24th day of December 1890.
J. H. JOHNSON & Co.,
47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, Agents.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Manufacture and Production of Saponaceous
Matter, applicable for use in or connected with the Dyeing of
Textile Fabrics or Materials and for other purposes.
We CASIMIR EDOUARD MAISTRE and JEAN MATHIEU CAMPAGNE both of
45 Rue St. Sebastien Paris in the Republic of France do hereby declare the
nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed.
to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
The present invention relates to the manufacture and production of saponaceous
matter applicable for collecting or recovering unfixed indigo on wool or other
textile materials the saponaceous solutions containing the indigó thus recovered

page_text: being available for dyeing purposes as hereinafter described. The new soap or
saponaceous product obtained by means of this invention is also applicable to other
purposes such as the direct preparation of dyeing vats or baths or for cleaning or
scouring textile materials and in general to any operation or process in which soap
or saponaceous matter is required.
The process of manufacture of the saponaceous matter is based mainly on the
employment as hereinafter explained of alkaline sulphurets or sulphides or earthy
alkaline sulphurets or sulphides (soda potash and the like) and of the hydrates or
other alkaline or carthy alkaline. oxygenised salts capable of effecting the
consecutive sulphuration and rapid saponification of the fatty matter employed.
In manufacturing the saponaceous product according to our invention good
results may be obtained in practice by the combination of the following ingredients
namely
I. By adding to the 10 parts obtained by the mixture of these two solutions an
equal number of parts (10) of carbonate of soda a solution is obtained consisting of
20 parts composed of hydro sulphuret of soda, caustic soda and carbonate of soda.
To this solution we add the olein in quantities which are regulated according to
the purpose for which the saponaceous product is to be employed.
To obtain a soap containing 50 per cent. for example of fatty matter 20 parts of
olein must be added to the 20 parts of the solution prepared as aforesaid and to
obtain a soap containing 20 per cent. for example of fatty matter we add 5 parts of
olein to the said solution.
A soap may also be obtained by the direct saponification of fatty bodies by
means of alkaline salts employed in a dry condition in place of being employed in
the form of a solution or lye as heretofore practised and in particular by the
combination of the olein and of the hydro sulphuret of soda (sulph-hydrate of
sodium).
Under these conditions the saponification takes place more or less rapidly and
may or may not necessitate the intervention of heat according to the nature of the
fatty body and of the salts employed and the strength or detergent properties of
the resulting products depend-on-the-same conditions.
This process presents numerous advantages compared with the processes
commonly employed. For example.-The operation is enabled to be performed in
a relatively short time thus reducing the labour and lessening the general cost.
This rapidity is remarkable in the case of sulphuretted alkalies.
Economy of fuel, water not being employed as a vehicle for the alkaline salt and
the fatty bodies requiring little or no heat for their saponification.
The soap thus obtained does not require concentration, it does not contain water
and its composition is as constant or uniform as that of the original materials
employed the proportions of which may be measured or regulated with

page_text: precision according to the properties when it is desircu
in the product.
Many different combinations may be obtained with the fatty body on the one
hand and the oxygenised or sulphurised alkaline salts on the other. The following
example shews how the manufacture of this product is conducted in practice.
Take 500 parts by weight of olein and 500 parts by weight of a salt obtained by
crystallizing a mixture of hydro sulphuret or sulph hydrate of sodium and carbonate
of soda or a mixture of hydro sulphuret or sulph hydrate of sodium and hydrate
of soda, pour the pulverised products into the olein heated to ebullition and agitate
the mixture which swells up and becomes pasty. After a few minutes it is
withdrawn from the fire or allowed to cool and sets in a homogeneous mass.
The saponaceous products may be obtained in the form of a solution by the
saponification of fatty bodies and of olein in particular by employing a solution of
hydrate and hydro sulphuret of soda.
A lye at about 2 degrees Baune of the mixture of hydro-sulphuret and hydrate
or of carbonate of soda is prepared and olein is mixed therewith in the proportion
of one part by weight of olein to every 100 parts of water. The mixture is
heated to from about 40 to 45 degrees Centigrade, agitated and forms a saponaceous
bath ready for action.
The proportions hereinbefore specified for the salt and the olein may be modified
according to the purpose for which the product is destined.
The properties of this soap render it suitable for a great number of purposes
such for example as the following
:―
1. Recovering the unfixed indigo on textile materials on their removal from
dyeing vats in which indigo is employed.
2. Preparation of saponaceous baths for treating textile materials etc.
3. Scouring textile materials in the form of locks, threads, fabrics, waste and
skins (sheep skins) for example.
The soap prepared as hereinbefore described is employed in order to recover the
unfixed indigo on wool and other textile materials when removed from the vats and
for this purpose we employ solutions of a soap prepared as hereinbefore described.
The indigo is completely taken up by the saponaceous bath and materials may be
dyed directly in the bath thus obtained after it has been sufficiently charged with
indigo by simply adding reducing materials the alkali of the soap acting as a solvent
Manner of operating. When wool for example after three or four passes
according to the shade which it is to receive issues from the dyeing vat or bath it
carries with it mechanically a certain quantity of indigo-which is not fixed on the
fibre and which has heretofore been lost or allowed to disappear either in the
subsequent washing of the wool or in the different operations to which the cloth is
afterwards subjected. By means of this invention this indigo is enabled to be
recovered as hereinafter described without in any way injuring the colour of the
wool or the wool itself. Moreover as hereinafter explained this indigo is also
enabled to be directly utilized for dyeing purposes in the same bath which is
employed for its extraction or recovery.
This bath is prepared with a soap prepared as hereinbefore described in the
first part of this Specification.
The operation of recovering the indigo is preferably performed in a tank
provided with a press or with squeezing rollers. This tank is provided with a
double bottom of sheet metal perforated with small holes placed about four inches
from the actual bottom and which by allowing the dirt or impurities to pass through
the holes prevents the wool from coming in contact with or trailing in any sediment
that may be formed on the bottom of the tank.
The saponaceous solution being formed in the tank according to one or the other
of the methods hereinbefore described and being ready for action the wool from the
indigo vats is thrown in after the yellow tinge has changed to blue by exposure to
the air in quantities of from about 60 to 80 pounds according to the capacity of
the tank and is beaten-for about 10 minutes in the bath after which it is taken out

page_text: The wool is now caused to pass between squeezing rollers which express all the
liquid which it has taken up from the bath and return it to the tank.
By this treatment the wool is caused to leave in the saponaceous bath almost all
the impurities and unfixed indigo with which it was associated.
Being thrown into a washer with a current of clean water it discharges owing to
the action of the soap that it has absorbed all the remaining impurities and any
indigo that may have escaped the action of the liquid in the saponaceous bath and
after drying is obtained free from all false weight and all the earthy matter liable
to interfere with subsequent operations as well as from the false colour caused by
the excess of indigo which by intensifying the tint prevents the true colour of the
cloth from being correctly estimated until after scouring and fulling.
By these means it is rendered possible to regulate the final colour of the wool in
the dyeing room which it has not been possible to do heretofore without making
felts and it is also rendered possible to ascertain with certainty whether the wool is
uniform or not.
Moreover the wool is freed from all false weight less oiling is required the
spinning and weaving work is more regular the wool is freed from earthy matter
lime in particular the fulling is facilitated and general economy is effected.
The fibres of the wool are, not injured but on the contrary the wool is rendered
softer to the touch and its strength is increased.
In order to recover all the indigo that is not fixed on the fibre the wool as it is
taken from the saponaceous bath may be thrown into a second tank filled with
water before going into the washer. By these means the second bath is caused to
take from the wool all the indigo that the first bath may have failed to extract.
When the first bath is sufficiently charged it may be used for dyeing as hereinafter
described the second bath which contains relatively little indigo being thereupon
employed as the first bath the wool from the dyeing vats being thrown directly into
it after having rendered it saponaceous (formed at a concentration of 25 degrees
Baumé) and raised the temperature to 40° Centigrade as described with regard to
the first bath.
.
An important advantage of this process results from the property possessed by
the saponaceous bath of being capable of being converted into a bath for indigo
dyeing, baths with hydrosulphite of soda, baths acting by fermentation and
the like.
In order to directly utilize the indigo collected the process is conducted as follows:-
The bath being charged with indigo by the passage of a sufficient quantity (say
about 10 cwt. for example) of wool the temperature is raised to 60 degrees
Centigrade and the bottom agitated or stirred. By introducing the steam into the
bath through a tube extending along the bottom of the tank and perforated with
holes the contents can be simultaneously heated and agitated. Hydrosulphite of
soda (or any other suitable reducing agent) is then added in sufficient quantity
to reduce the indigo which is beld in solution by the saponaceous matter and the
bath may then be used for dyeing purposes. As much white or undyed wool as
the dye vat will conveniently contain is then introduced and after remaining for
say about 20 minutes for example it is dyed sufficiently-and may be removed. The
operation may then be repeated with fresh charges of wool until the dye in the
bath is exhausted.
The wool being thoroughly dyed the blue shade is very bright and violet the
wool loses none of its brightness either in the washing or in the various other
operations which the material undergoes, thus proving that the indigo is well
fixed.
The saponaceous bath which has served for recovering the indigo being capable
of being employed as a dyeing bath as hereinbefore explained it is evident that the
dyeing operations.may be continued in the same saponaceous bath if required by
keeping up its strength by adding fresh indigo or the saponaceous bath may be
prepared for dyeing purposes in the first instance by the introduction of a suitable
quantity of indigo. For this purpose it is simply necessary to make a suitably

page_text: concentrated solution with the soap obtained as herein before described. For
example about one part by weight of the soap may be used with 100 parts by weight
of water (but these proportions are not essential) or a saponaceous bath may
be prepared with the materials, in tlie form of a solution as herein before described.
In this solution a suitable quantity of ground indigo is dissolved or the indigo is
placed directly in the vat. Hydro sulphite of soda or any other reducing agent is
then introduced into the bath containing the indigo and the saponaceous solution for
the purpose of reducing the indigo; directly the bath presents a milky colour of a
somewhat greenish yellow it is ready for dyeing. The soap or the saponaceous bath
thus prepared may be substituted either altogether or in part for the alkaline
solvents heretofore employed.
The principle advantages of this bath are as follows:-
1. The textile materials are uniformnly and instantaneously penetrated by the
bath thus producing a perfect union and saving time.
2. The materials do not carry away indigo mechanically or if a little does escape
it is easily recovered by rinsing the materials in clean water.
3. The colours obtained are remarkably bright and clear.
The saponaceous materials or bath prepared as hereinbefore described may be
employed for other purposes such for example as the following.
Simultaneous dyeing and scouring of unwashed wool such wool takes the colour:
as readily as white wool it is even probable that the grease by enriching the
bath of fatty and alkaline matter produces an economy of the soap employed as a
solvent.
Scouring and dyeing silk.
Lixiviation and dyeing of ramie cotton and the like.
Simultaneous dycing and scouring of oily wool spinners waste thread in bobbins
or unscoured fabrics.
For example a white unscoured cloth being soaked in a bath prepared with
this soap can be dyed to the colour desired and scoured at the same time.
The colour is found to have permeated the interior more effectually than if the
cloth had been dyed and scoured in the ordinary way.
Another of the numerous useful purposes to which the saponaceous materials
obtained by means of this invention are applicable is the scouring and lixiviation
of textile materials in general and in the manufactured state or otherwise and
of wool in particular. With this object the combinations of fatty bodies and
alkaline salts obtained as herein before described are prepared as hereinafter set
forth.
The principal applications are as follows (the proportions of the products and
the mode of operating being of course regulated according to the nature of the
work).
1. Scouring of greasy or imperfectly washed wool.
2. Scouring of spun wool in hanks skeins or bobbins.
3. Scouring of waste without felting.
4. Scouring of sheep and other skins.
5. Unhairing skins.
6. Scouring and fulling woollen cloths and stuffs.
7. Scouring and lixiviating linen goods.
8. Scouring silk.
9. Lixiviation and scouring of cotton ramie etc.
10. Scouring without felting of flannels, knitted goods, jerseys in pieces or
made up.
For most of the scouring operations the saponaceous material is employed in the
form of solution in the proportion of about 40 grammes per litre of water and the
temperature of this solution being raised to from about 35 to 40 degrees Centigrade
or the saponaceous bath herein before described may be employed.
The scouring of the wool and waste is performed in a tank provided with
squeezing rollers and a false bottom. of sheet metal perforated with holes and raised

page_text: about 4 inches above the actual bottom so as to allow the impurities to pass through
and prevent the wool from trailing in the deposit which these impurities ultimately
form.
The tank is preferably divided into two compartments in the direction of its
length, a certain quantity of wool is put into each compartment beaten slightly and
lifted after about 15 or 20 minutes. One man may be employed in putting the
wool into one compartment whilst another lifts it out of the other compartment.
The wool is passed between the squeezing or wringing rollers which squeeze out
the liquid which it holds and return it to the tank. It is afterwards rinced with
fresh water.
The tank is preferably provided with a rack or a set of screws enabling the
double bottom to be raised with the aid of a crank handle in order to bring it up
to the top of the tank the partition being fixed to this bottom and being raised at
the same time. This enables small pieces of wool which are liable to remain in the
bath after each operation to be completely removed.
A saponaceous bath for scouring cops or the like is prepared in a similar manner
but the operation is preferably conducted with the aid of an apparatus enabling the
liquid to be forced by pressure to penetrate to the interior of the cop. The new
saponaceous product obtained by means of this invention enables this work to be
facilitated and accelerated and yields a better result the cop or the like being
scoured without felting or altering the shape.
In order to lixiviate and scour linen it is allowed to soak in either of the
solutions herein before described at a temperature of from about 40 to 50 degrees
Centigrade for a period of about 5 or 6 hours after which it simply requires to
be well washed with cold water.
After scouring, the materials are rinsed in water either in the same apparatus
or in a separate vessel of similar construction.
For scouring woven fabrics or piece goods it is preferable to employ the solution
at a temperature of about 40 degrees Centigrade and a full width washing
apparatus in order to avoid all felting action.
A saponaceous product suitable for oiling wool is prepared by taking 6 parts
by weight for example of a soap manufactured as hereinbefore described and
containing about 40 per cent. of olein and dissolving them in about 100 parts
by weight of water at a temperature of from about 60 to 80 degrees Centigrade.
The wool is sprinkled with this solution employed in the proportion of about
25 parts by weight of the solution to 100 parts of wool (25 litres of solution to
100 kilos. of wool) for example but this proportion may require to be modified
according to the nature of the wool the process being conducted in a similar
manner to the process with the employment of ordinary materials such as oil or
olein alone for example.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be employed we declare that what we
claim is.
1st. The manufacture and production of a soap by the direct and rapid
saponification of fatty bodies such as olein for example by means of sulphurized
alkaline salts with or without admixture of hydrates and carbonates or other
alkaline salts, whether such salts are employed-in-a-dry condition or in the form-of-
solutions, mixed before-hand or introduced separately in suitable proportions
substantially as herein before described.
2nd. The manufacture of a saponaceous product or compound obtained by mixing-
a) a solution of hydro-sulphuret of soda (sulph hydrate of sodium)
b) a solution of caustic soda
c) carbonate of soda

page_text: purpose for which the product is to, be employed substantially as hereinbefore
described.
3rd. The preparation of a saponaceous bath or vat for collecting the unfixed
indigo contained in wool and other textile materials or contained in refuse or greasy
woollen waste and the like by the aid of the soap or of the saponaceous solution
herein before described and claimed the said saponaceous bath or vat being capable
of being subsequently utilised immediately as a dye bath or vat all in the manner
and for the purpose substantially as herein before described.
4th. The preparation of an indigo dyeing vat by means of a saponaceous bath
which has been employed in the recovery of indigo as hereinbefore described and
claimed by directly heating the said bath to a suitable temperature (about
60 degrees Centigrade) by a perforated steam pipe or other means and by adding
to the bath a sufficient quantity of hydrosulphite of soda or other reducing
agent in order to reduce the indigo all substantially as hereinbefore described.
5th. A saponaceous bath suitable for dyeing purposes obtained by directly
preparing a solution of the soap or saponaceous solutions manufactured as herein-
before described and claimed and containing the necessary indigo along with the
hydrosulphite or other reducing agent requisite for the reduction of the latter
substantially as herein before described.
6th. A saponaceous solution for cleansing or scouring cloth or other textile
materials or fibres, skins and other like materials the said solution being obtained
by the action of sulphurised alkaline salts in conjunction or not with hydrates,
carbonates and other alkaline salts upon olein substantially as hereinbefore
described.
7th. A saponaceous solution snitable for oiling wool consisting of a soap
manufactured as hereinbefore set forth and dissolved in water substantially as
hereinbefore described.
Dated this 22nd day of September 1891.
CASIMIR EDOUARD MAISTRE.
JEAN MATHIEU CAMPAGNE.