Improvements in and in connection with Moveable Pictures or Diagrams for Advertising and other Purposes.
Year: 1892

page_text: Date of Application, 1st Mar., 1892
Complete Specification Left, 30th Nov., 1892-Accepted, 21st Jan., 1893
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and in connection with Moveable Pictures or
Diagrams for Advertising and other Purposes.
CHARLES VERNON BOYS F.R.S. of No. 7 Brompton Square in the County
of Middlesex Professor of Physics and HENRY HARDINGE SAMUEL CUNYNGHAME
of Hurlingham Lodge Fulham in the County of Middlesex Barrister at Law, do
hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
Our invention consists of a new and improved method of making diagrams
pictures or words all of which we summarize under the word pattern successively
appear in or near the same positions for advertisements moving pictures in books
or otherwise and for moveable scenes in theatres or elsewhere. According to one
method of using our invention we paint, print, cut out or otherwise construct a
back-ground so as to represent side by side alternate strips of two patterns so that
when the said alternate strips are respectively hidden from view by a grating the
rest of the background appears as if it were a continuous pattern partially obscured
by the said grating. We so construct the combination that either the grating or
the pictures can be rapidly shifted relatively to the other, so as to hide the strips
composing either pattern successively. It is clear that instead of strips alternate
patches such for instance, as the dark and light squares of a chessboard may
compose the background and screen. In order to reduce the proportion of the
surface which is occupied by the unchanging screen or grating we divide up the
screen which in this case is preferably in the form of a grating of parallel bars
by a series of lines drawn preferably at right angles to the length of the bars, and
on the alternate portions of the bars we paint print or mark such portions of the
designs as should appear upon them when the screen is in position the parts of one
design being on alternate portions and those of the other on the remaining portions.
We then place in front of the screen a transparent sheet or slender lattice with
opaque patches over alternate portions of the screen only. We so mount back-
ground and screen that the background may be made to move transversely to the
direction of the bars of the screen while the screen must at the same time move in
the direction of the length of its own bars. The two designs then alternately
appear; one quarter only of the surface being unchangeable, instead of half as in
the previously described and simpler method.
In order to avoid these opaque patches we sometimes arrange one complete
pattern upon a grating of which the contiguous strips overlap one another, and we
then arrange the other pattern upon a series of strips one edge of which is free
and the other secured to a suitable backing we then cause the last-mentioned
strips alternately to project between and beyond the first-mentioned strips and to
retire behind them whereby first one pattern and then the other comes into view.
Sometimes we make three or more patterns to appear and disappear in this manner
by the use of an additional set of strips for each new pattern.
Sometimes we mount the strips on pivots and cause them to rotate instead of
to slide over one another. If the pivots are placed at a distance apart equal to
the width of the strips, then by rotation through 180° two patterns may be
successively exhibited, the said patterns being respectively painted on the back and
front of the strips; and if in addition to this a background be placed behind the
strips then when the strips are turned so as to be seen edgeways any pattern on the
background will be seen instead of either of the other two.
In this way three patterns may be exhibited successively, one being seen twice
as often as each of the others.
Sometimes we place the strips on the surfaces of equilateral triangular columns
nivotted at their ends and geared so as to turn all together in the same direction.

page_text: .
When we wish to exhibit four, or more than four patterus successively we employ
in like manner columns of more than three sides leaving such intervals between the
columns as is necessary in order to allow them to clear one another, and we hide
the gaps which must be left between the front faces, by unchanging bars.
Cylindrical columns may also be used and for the unchanging bars smaller rotating
columns may be substituted.
In the before-described methods parallel strips or columns have been described;
it is evident that in their place radiating strips or columns may be employed, and
may be moved in a suitable manner.
When we wish to exhibit more than three or four patterns especially when the
number is very great we arrange them on strips on continuous sheets or hinged
together like the cards of a jaquard loom and we present corresponding strips of
the several strips or chains of strips to view side by side for one design and then
move them all on till the next strip of each is visible in order to exhibit the next
succeeding design; and so on, so that when the movement is sufficiently rapid we
are able to produce the appearance of a moving figure and of words being spoken
the gestures and the words being in conformity. The above-mentioned devices
may be operated automatically either by water-motors, electro-motors, clock-work,
wind, or by the vibrations or oscillations of vessels at sea or of vehicles or the
rotation of the wheels or machinery of the said vessels or vehicles, or by any other
convenient mechanical means. They may also be operated by hand or foot-power
by means of a winch lever or treadle and this may be fitted if desired with a wheel
or other device also actuated by the lever, winch or treadle, in such a way that
after a certain number of turns or movements, a packet containing any desired
article may fall from a reservoir so as to be presented to the operator for his
.
trouble.
Dated this Birchtoonth day of Wahmar 1809
CHARLES VERNON BOYS.
HENRY HARDINGE SAMUEL CUNYNGHAME.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and in connection with Moveable Pictures or
Diagrams for Advertising and other Purposes.
We, CHARLES VERNON BOYS of 7 Brompton Square in the County of Middlesex,
F.R.S. Professor of Physics, and HENRY HARDINGE SAMUEL CUNYNGHAME of
Hurlingham Lodge Fulham in the County of Middlesex Barrister at Law, do
hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement :-
Our invention consists of a new and improved method of making diagrams or
patterns pictures or words (all of which we summarize under the term pattern)
successively appear in or near the same position for advertizements, moving pictures
in books or otherwise and for moveable scenes in theatres or elsewhere or for any
analagous purpose where a changing pattern is desired.
According to one method of using our invention we paint print cut out or other-
wise construct a back ground so as to represent side by side alternate strips of two
patterns so that when the said alternate strips are respectively hidden from view by
a grating, the rest of the back ground appears as it were a continuous pattern
partially obscured by the said grating.
We so construct the combination that either the grating or the picture can be
rapidly shifted relatively to the other so as to hide the strips comprising either
pattern successively. It is clear that instead of strips alternate patches such for
instance as the dark and light squares of a chessboard may comprise the background
and screen.
In order to illustrate a method of carrying out the above part of the invention

page_text: let Fig. I represent the back ground comprised of alternate strips of the letters O
and M one or other of which sets of alternate strips will be seen through the grating
Figure 2 according as it is moved vertically to one or other of the positions distant
from one another by the width of a strip. It is obvious that by placing a grating
in two successive positions on a white back ground and painting over the whole, the
figures required to be produced, that diagrams such as Fig. 1 can easily be
practically made. The grating which has been thus used to paint the back ground
will of course be smeared with color which must be removed or else a new grating
substituted to work the machine.
As the grating (Fig. 2 the rectangles a a a etc. of which are cut away) is
reciprocated or passed over the back ground Fig. 1 it is obvious that the letters O
and M will alternately appear. It is also obvious that the larger the number of
strips and the narrower they are, the more perfect will each letter or pattern appear
and it is also obvious that by partially painting over small portions of the grating
the aspect of the figures in each case may be improved. This may be done by
coloring such portions of the grating as are common to both letters. Any one who
will cut out the blank rectangles in Figure 2 and then slide it over Figure
at once perceive the effect produced and the mode of producing it.
will
The above method of course leaves the appearance of bars across the complete
figures. To reduce these we sometimes divide up the screen (which in this case is
preferably in the form of a grating of parallel bars) by a series of lines drawn
preferably at right angles to the length of the bars and on the alternate portions of
the bars we paint print or mark such portions of the patterns as should appear upon
them when the screen is in position the parts of one design being on alternate
portions and three of the other on the remaining portions.
We then place in front of the grating a transparent sheet such as glass or a
slender lattice with opaque patches over the alternate portions of the grating only;
we so mount the back ground and grating that the back ground may be made to
move transversely to the bars of the grating while the grating alone or both the
grating and back grounds must simultaneously move in the direction of the length
of the bars of the grating the transparent sheet remaining at rest. The two designs
then alternately appear one quarter only of the surface being unchangeable instead
of half as in the previously described and simpler method.
If the reader will paint on a piece of glass in white paint the design shewn in
Figure 4 and in black on a white grating the design shewn on Figure 3 from which
the parts a. a. a. a are cut out and on a white back ground the design in black shewn
in Figure 1 and will cause Fig. 3 to move backwards and forwards horizontally
under the glass through an interval equal to the width of any of the bars a a etc.
and simultaneously move Figure 1 behind Figure 3 backwards and forwards with a
movement equal to that which would be produced by two movements one vertical
and one horizontal and each equal in amount to the width of a bar of the grating
so that in one position the 3 points al a3 a4 are superposed and in the other
position the 3 points 61 a 3 and 64 are superposed, he will then observe the changes
we have described and the letters and M will alternately become visible. "In
order to draw Figure 1 proceed as follows. Place over a clean back ground a
grating with horizontal bars as in Figure 2 with the point a 2 over a 1 then paint
the letter M. Then move the grating so that the bars are still horizontal but
a 2 stands over 61 and then paint over the whole the letter O. The grating may
then be destroyed. Next take a clean grating with horizontal bars similar to
Figure 2 and place it over Fig. 1 so that a 2 stands over a 1 and then place another
grating similar to Figure 2 but with vertical bars over the former grating now again
paint figure M in the same position as before then move the former grating with
horizontal bars upwards so that a 2 stands over b 1 and also move the upper grating
sideways through an interval equal to the width of its bars now paint upon the
whole of figure O in the same position as before. Then throw away the upper
grating. The grating with horizontal bars will now have assumed the appearance
shewn in Figure 3. To obtain the suitable masking or covering design Figure 4

page_text: upon the glass place Figure 3 over Figure 1 with the point a 3 over a 1 and place
a sheet of glass over both and then with the white colour of the back ground block
out on the glass all portions of the letter O which are visible and which are not
part of the letter M. These can only be on the bars of the grating Figure 3.
Then move Figure 3 till a 3 stands over 1 and move the glass sideways till 4 also
stands over 1 then with the white colour of the back ground block out on the glass
all portions of the letter M which are visible and not part of the letter O. These
block marks will be obviously sufficient without continuing them the system of
squares all over the surface of the glass.
The required movement may be produced by keeping the glass fixed and pivotting
to it or the frame carrying it two triangles (Figs. 5 and 6) at the points p. s. Then if
the points q. t. he pivotted to the back ground Figure 1 and . be pivotted to the
grating Figure 3 the rocking of the triangles through small arcs (limited by stops)
will place the grating and back ground alternately in the proper positions above
described.
•
In fact if the grating and background are both made to move under a fixed glass
so that the grating moves longitudinally to its bars through one of their widths and
the background simultaneously moves in a transverse direction through an equal
space (whether in addition it has a side motion or not) a series of pictures properly
painted will always alternately appear. And to paint them is easy by simply
putting them in their proper positions and stencilling or painting the patterns on as
above described. The glass may then be placed on the whole and blocked out
when needful. The necessary movenients may easily be produced by suitably
arranged bell crank levers.
We sometimes arrange the strips of patterns differently as follows. We paint
one pattern upon a grating of which the strips are contiguous and overlap one
another like the lattis of a Venetian blind fastened at their extremities to a frame
and we then arrange the other pattern upon a series of shorter strips one edge of each
of which is free and the other secured to a suitable backing. We then cause the last
mentioned strips alternately to project between and beyond the first mentioned
strips, and to retire behind them, whereby first one pattern and then the other comes
into view. Fig. 7 shews a section through the centre of the arrangement transverse
to the strips, and if one picture be painted on the group of strips A (shewn thick)
and another on the group of strips B shewn thin A being fixed and B caused to
reciprocate through a distance = a. b. or vice versa the pictures will alternately
appear. In Fig. 7 the strips B are shewn in their midway position. In practice if
two pictures 3 x 4 feet are required an excellent effect will be produced when the
distance from edge to edge of the contiguous strips is an inch. If the movement
is made rapidly the eye can hardly detect how the change is produced. In Fig. 7
the strips are shewn clear of one another but if they are made of card or thin
material they may of course all lie flat on one another. Sometimes we modify the
arrangement of the strips as follows. We mount a single group or set of wedge-
shaped strips on pivots and cause them to rotate to and fro through nearly
180° degrees as shewn in section in Figure 8. Thus two pictures painted one
over the surface of the group of strips in one position, and the other painted over
the surface of the group of strips in the other position will, when the strips are
moved to and fro, become alternately visible. The same contrivance may be
duplicated so as to shew 2 pictures from each side of the screen, by making the
strips double wedge shaped, or feather edged, as shewn in Fig. 9.
The pivots may
be rotated by means of bands and pulley wheels, or by levers or in any other. well
known way and it is advantageous to insert a spring connection between each strip
and its lever or pulley in order to secure close contact between the edge of each
strip and the next. This may be simply accomplished by threading each strip upon
a wire to act as a shaft, and fastening the strip to the wire near one of its extremities
and the lever or pulleys to the other end of the wire the torsion of which will
accomplish this result if the pulley is turned through an angle slightly. larger than
that through which the strips can rotate.

page_text: Sometimes we vary the last mentioned arrangement of the strips by mounting a
group of equilateral triangular prisins parallel to one another pivotted at their ends
and geared so as to turn at the same speed in the same direction. They may be
placed so near to one another, that in each rotation they present three times
an almost continuous flat surface when looked at from the front. Thus arranged,
they will not jam together as they are turned. Over the faces of these prisms
patterns may be painted so as to shew three designs at each rotation.
Prisms with
a larger number of faces may be employed but in order that they may turn they
will have to be arranged with necessary intervals so as to prevent jamming and will
not present such uniform surfaces as can be got by triangular prisms.
It is obvious that instead of parallel prisms we may use radiating truncated
pyramids as shewn in Figure 11 in which case the necessary movement is readily
produced by the action of bevilled gearing only one small bevil of which is shewn
in the figure.
It is also obvious that in like manner our invention as described with reference to
Figs. 1. 2. 3 and 4 may be carried out with systems of radiating strips each system
moving about the centre from which its strips radiate.
When we wish to exhibit more than three or four patterns especially when the
number is very great, we hinge cards together like the cards of a jaquard loom and we
pass them over the triangular prisms shewn in Figure 10 the back parts of each
chain of cards being suitably supported by a second set of prisms parallel to the
first. See Figure 12. If the front set of prisms are driven, it is better to turn them
in the direction of the arrow to prevent scrubbing of the surfaces, as will be
apparent from looking at the figure.
Or instead of chains of strips and triangular prisms above described we may
employ rollers with endless sheets on them like a series of jack towels see Fig. 13
but in this case we make the alternate contiguous rollers to rotate in opposite
directions, so that the contiguous sheets do not rub against one another, and in order
to avoid the creeping of the sheets upon the rollers and the consequent loss of
register we place at each end of them one or more studs ss arranged so as
to penetrate a series of equidistant holes in the edges of the sheets corresponding
depressions being made in the contiguous rollers so as to admit of the studs entering
them and prevent jamming.
The above mentioned devices may be operated either by watermoters, electro-
motors clockwork wound up, wind, or by the vibrations or oscillations of vessels at
sea or of vehicles or by the rotation of the wheels or machinery of the said vessels
or vehicles or by any other convenient mechanical means. Where the actuating
power is produced by the oscillations of vessels or vehicles we prefer to employ those
modifications of our invention in which reciprocation rather than continuous motion
in one direction is employed.
We shew in Fig. 14 a method of doing this by means of a pendulum with an
elastic rod attached to the bell crank lever Figure 6.
As the carriage jolts the reciprocation is effected between the stops m. n.
Our invention may also be operated by hand by means of a winch or lever-and
this may be fitted if desired with a wheel or other device also actuated by the winch
or lever, in such a way that after a given number of turns or movements a packet
containing any given article or a coin may fall from a reservoir so as to be presented
to the operator for his trouble. This result may readily be accomplished as follows.
See Figure 15. A is a circular plate which by worm, ratchet, or other method is
made to turn once for any given number of turns or reciprocations of the operating
handle. This disc A is pivotted upon a lower disc C which carries a bracket F and
tube B in which the articles (for instance pennies) are stored. The upper plate A
has one or more holes which are brought by its revolution under the tube B so that
one or more pennies according to the thickness of the plate will drop into the hole
and be carried forward.
After part of a revolution of the plate A this hole is brought over a hole in the
plate C through which the penny or pennies will drop into a delivery-shoot D.

page_text: Having now described the nature of our invention and the mode of performing it
we declare that what we claim is
1. The apparatus described and illustrated with reference to Figures 1 and 2.
2. The apparatus described and illustrated with reference to Figures 1. 3 and 4.
3. The combination of triangular plates or bell cranks to move the same substan-
tially as described with reference to Figures 5 and 6.
4. The various arrangements described with reference to Figures 7. 8. 9. 10. 11.
12 and 13 respectively.
5. The method described with reference to Figure 14 of causing vibration or
oscillation of vehicles or strips to actuate a reciprocally moving advertising
machine.
6. The combination of a packet or coin delivering device as applied to use with
our above described advertising machinery.
7. The combination of a moving advertising machine with a device for causing
coins or other articles to be delivered after a certain number of turns or movements
have been given by hand to a winch or lever.
Dated, this 30th day of November A D 1892
CHARLES VERNON BOYS.
HENRY HARDINGE SAMUEL CUNYNGHAME.