IMPROVEMENTS IN MULES FOR SPINNING
Year: 1872

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Robert Lake, of the Firm of Haseltine,
Lake, & Co., Patent Agents, Southampton Buildings, London, for
the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MULES FOR SPINNING."-A com-
munication from abroad by James Sutherland, of East Hampton,
Massachusetts, United States of America.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION filed by the said William Robert Lake
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition
and Declaration, on the 9th May 1872, pursuant to the 9th Section
of the Patent Law Amendment Act, 1852.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
ROBERT LAKE, of the Firm of Haseltine, Lake, & Co., Patent Agents,
Southampton Buildings, London, send greeting.
WHEREAS I am in possession of an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MULES FOR SPINNING," and have petitioned Her Majesty to grant unto
me, my executors, administrators, and assigns, Her Royal Letters

page_text: carriage while running out or in being termed a "stretch;" the rotary
motion of the spindle ceasing for an instant when the carriage arrives at
the end of the outward "stretch," and commencing again in the opposite
direction at the same moment that the carriage begins to "run in;" the
5 rotary motion of the spindles being much slower while the carriage is
running in than while it is running out, and the ends being all carried
downward together during the "run in" of the carriage by a device called
a "follower," and taken up by the spindles, building in this way the cop,
laying upon the same one layer of thread at every stretch. The foundation
of the cop is a paper tube placed on the lower end of the spindle. Upon
the upper part of the paper tube the base of the cop is built. As each
successive layer of thread is wound upon the tube and spindle the cop of
course increases in size. The length and thickness of the twist of the yarn
produced during the "run-out" is uniform or nearly so at every "stretch,"
being varied only by any variations in speed of the driving power;
augmented speed by reason of greater momentum increasing the twist,
and diminished speed the reverse. The amount of yarn produced being
therefore nearly equal at each "stretch," it is as a consequence necessary
to vary the velocity of rotation so as to preserve throughout each succes-
sive winding operation in "running in" a velocity of the surface upon the
cops upon which the yarn is at each time winding, commensurate with
the amount of yarn twisted and to be wound at that time, and provision
must be made for winding sufficient yarn around the naked spindle to
reach the end and be ready for spinning at the next "stretch." During
the several stages of progress in the building or forming of the cops, the
changes of diameter of the winding surface of the cops necessitate and
require a diminishing number of rotations, not in a uniform arithmetical
progression, but in an inverse geometrical progression as the cops acquire
greater diameter in the process of building. This result being attained,
it yet remains to provide a means of compensating for variations of twist
and the variations in the material, so that the uniform tension of the
yarn throughout the cop may be reliably secured. The precise means
by which these results are accomplished will fully appear in the course
of this Specification. The speed of the carriage while running in being
invariable in every "stretch" and the same in all the "stretches," it is
necessary that the speed of the spindles while running in should be less
during each "stretch" than during the one next preceding, because the
cops take
up the thread faster at every "stretch" owing to their constantly
increasing size. It is also necessary that these successive diminutions

page_text: in the speed of the spindles should continue as long as the diameter of
the cop continues increasing, which it does till the tapering base of the
cop is completed, a conical mass of thread having been in the meantime
built around the spindle above and resting upon said tapering base, the
cop at this stage consisting in fact of two concs placed base to base on t
the same spindle. When the diameter of the joint base of these cones
has attained the size of the diameter which the cop should have, the
cylindrical part of the cop begins building, and this is done by causing the
"follower" to place upon the upper part of the aforesaid cone successive
layers of thread which are in effect hollow cones, all of equal dimensions, 1
the diameters of which at their bases are the same as the diameter of the
cylindrical part of the cop, and which are laid one above another till the
cop is finished, when the cylindrical portion of the cop begins building;
therefore the series of diminutions in the speed of the spindle while the
carriage is running in must come to an end and the subsequent motion
of the spindles remain uniform. But the production of a series of
diminutions in the speed of the spindles is not enough. For the proper
building of the cop it is necessary that the series of diminutions be itself a
regularly decreasing one, that is, that the second diminution be less than
the first, the third less than the second, and so on, that there may
follow in the cop the same effect that follows in the bobbin; the belt
that connects the concave and convex cones, each reversed with respect
to the other, communicates to the bobbin the motion by which it winds
roving from the flier. The old quadrant screw may be depended on to
produce a series of diminutions in the speed of the spindles, but not a.
regularly decreasing series of diminutions.
The problem in the solution of which this Invention mainly consists,
is to superadd to the quadrant screw some mechanism that will convert
its irregular series of diminutions into a regularly decreasing series of
diminutions.

page_text: In all the foregoing there is nothing new, neither is there anything
new in the function which the quadrant, quadrant screw, and quadrant
nut discharge, which is as the carriage runs in to unwind the chain d'
from the drum E by the resistance of the nut a moving downward and
forward with the quadrant slower than the carriage moves, and thus i
rotating the drum E and through it the spindles in the right direction
for winding the "ends" upon the cops; the diminution in the speed of
the spindles at every stretch while thus winding being effected by
turning the quadrant screw D' and thus raising the quadrant nut d' on
the quadrant screw, said nut of course travelling faster when the ]
quadrant comes down the further it is moved on the screw away from
the quadrant pivot; said nut also the faster it travels drawing back less
on the drum E, and the speed of the latter being reduced in proportion
as the nut draws back.
The first of the novel mechanisms which I shall proceed to describe ]
is the one that so operates upon the quadrant screw as to cause it to raise
the quadrant nut at every "stretch" in such a manner as to produce a
regularly diminishing series of reductions in the speed of the spindles
while the carriage is running in and the thread is winding on the cops.
A disc H, Figures 1, 2, 11, and 15, is cast solid, with a tube that
extends from one side of the disc, the bore of the tube being continuous
with the axial hole ¹ of the disc, and the function of the tube h being
to enclose the stud * that projects outward from the forked extremity of
an arm e", which is bolted to the outer side of the standard A', the
stud h³ thus serving to support the tube h and disc H. A collar a is
placed around the tube h at the opposite end of the same from the
disc H, and is provided with a set screw by which the collar may be
made fast to the tube at any desired point. The collar a is also provided
with a pin a', which projects from its end in a direction parallel with the
tube h and towards the disc H. Upon the outside of the tube ha screw :
thread his cut, over a space that abuts against the disc II at one side,
the thread running out at its other end in the exterior of the tube h.
From the inner side of the disc II a pin a² projects toward the collar u
and parallel with the tube h. A collar a³ is placed upon the tube h, said
collar having an interior screw thread h³ that fits the screw thread h* ;
of the tube h, and admits of securing the collar a³ upon the screw
thread h*, whereon is its proper position. Beyond the screw thread h*
the tube is reduced in radius by an amount equal to the depth of

page_text: said screw thread. At an interval from the screw thread, of say three
quarters of an inch in the full sized machine, a second screw thread ⁄ª is
cut on the outside of the tube h, and from this screw thread to the end
of the tube the latter is again reduced in radius by an amount equal
to the depth of said screw-thread. A second collar a is placed upon
the tube h, said collar having at one end an interior screw thread h” that
fits the screw thread * of the tube, and admits of securing the collar a*
upon the screw thread / whereon is its proper place. A pin a' extends
from one end of the collar a³ towards the disc H. A pin a® extends
O from one end of the collar a towards the collar a. Fixed on the end
of the collar a³ furthest from the disc H is a serrated disc I, from which
a pin a' protrudes towards the collar a. Parallel with the disc I, and
at a little distance therefrom, a circumferential groove is formed in
the collar aª in which groove sits loosely a gear wheel 6. That part
5 of the outside of the collar at which lies between the
gear wheel b
and the disc I is cut into a ratchet b. A pawl 6 is pivotted at
one end to the side of the gear wheel b, and its other end engages
with the ratchet b'. The pawl 6' connects the gear wheel 6 and the
collar a³, whenever the latter is so turned as to cause the pawl to
) engage with the ratchet. 6. Springs recessed in the collar a³ at the
other side of the gear wheel 6 press against the latter with such force
that when the gear wheel is rotated: it carries the collar around with it.
Fixed on the end of the collar a nearest to the collar a³ is a ratchet b³.
A circumferential groove is cut in the collar a next to the rachet &³,
in which groove sits loosely a gear wheel K. A pawl 6 is pivotted
at one end to the side of the gear wheel K, and engages at its other
and with the ratchet &³, so as to connect the gear wheel K and collar aª
whenever the latter rotates in the right direction. Springs recessed
in the collar at the opposite side of and pressing against the gear wheel
K serve to connect the collar and gear wheel with such tenacity, that
when the gear wheel is held stationary while the tube a revolves the
collar a' is held 'stationary also. A horizontal pin a' extends from the
side of the serrated disc I toward the ratchet &, and a similar pin a³
extends from the side of the ratchet & toward the disc I. The pins a²
of the collar a, and a of the collar a', are placed at the same distance
from the tube h. The same is true of the pins a' of the diso I and a³
of the ratchet &, also of the pins a³ of the collar a³, and a³ of the disc H.
The gear wheel K engages with another gear wheel 'L fixed on a shaft Z
located in a tube A, which extends horizontally from the same arm
b

page_text: to which one of the branches of the quadrant is jointed. Fixed on
the opposite extremity of the shaft between the two branches at the
lower end of the quadrant is a bevel gear wheel I', and this engages
with the bevel gear wheel on the lower end of the quadrant screw.
The disc H is provided with circumferential flanges o projecting
horizontally to each side of its rim, and with a circumferential groove c¹
in which lies the cord by which the disc H is, driven, one branch
of said cord being wound around a drum E¹ that sits loosely on the
drum shaft, the other branch of the cord c³ passing on thence to the
belt stretcher that keeps the cord taut. A stud e is loosely placed
in an orifice that runs transversely through the disc H near the
periphery of the same. On the outer end of the stud e is fixed a
ratchet e¹ which is of such a diameter as to project slightly beyond
the rim of the disc H through an opening in the outer circumferential
flange c of the disc. On the inner end of the stud e at the opposite side 1
of the disc H, a pinion e' is fixed so as to engage with the gear wheel b:
A pawl e³ is pivotted to the outer side of the disc H, and from the same
side of the disc at a point diametrically opposite, to the pawl pivot
a pin projects to which one end of a curved spring e³ is secured, that
presses about its middle against another projecting pin, and at its end a
against the pawle' to keep the latter in place between any two teeth
of the ratchet e¹. The pawl e³ is provided with a curved arm e', which.
extends outward by the side of the ratchet e¹ through the opening in
the flange c.
A horizontal arm eª extends outward from the standard
A³, said arm at a point near its outer end, being bent at right angles :
to itself to form a tongue, to which a latch e' is jointed, said tongue
entering a slot in the butt of the latch and thus preventing the latter
from falling beyond a horizontal position. The latch e extends so
far toward the rim of the disc H that its point meets the arm e* of the
pawl,e', and also meets the ratchet el during each revolution of the
disc H.
•

page_text: I will now proceed to describe the operation of said mechanism. The
ime at which this description begins is after a "doffing" has taken
lace, that is, after a set of finished cops has been removed from the
pindles, the carriage in the meantime standing still at the end of about
he first half of its run inward, at or near which point the carriage is
love stanned prior to " doffing"
time at which this description begins is after a
doffing” has taken
place, that is, after a set of finished cops has been removed from the
spindles, the carriage in the meantime standing still at the end of about
the first half of its run inward, at or near which point the carriage is
always stopped prior to "doffing"
The first thing to be done is to set the collar a at the proper point on
the tube h, which point must vary according to the quality of the thread,
a fine grade requiring the collar to be set further out on the tube than
a coarse grade, which will be made plain as the description advances.
:
The next operation is to turn the serrated diso I forward with one
hand, at the same time holding the disc H stationary with the other
hand until the pin a' of the disk I strikes the pin a³ of the ratchet &³,
when the rotation of the disc I being continued, the collar a' is also
turned forward until its pin a strikes the pin a' of the fixed collar.a.
The term "forward," as applied to the rotation of the disc I, or any of the
pieces that are mounted on its tube h, is intended to mean the direction
in which they revolve when the carriage is running in; and the term
"backward" therefore signifies the direction in which these parts revolvo
when the carriage is running out. The turning forward of the collars a³
and a, as above described, to bring the latter into contact with the
fixed collar a, and the former into contact with the collar a', I term
"winding them up." A fresh set of paper tubes having been placed
upon the spindles, and the pawl 6' of the gear wheel 6 having been
raised from the ratchet & of the collar a³, to break the connection
between the gear wheel of the collar a³, and K of the collar a', so that
the latter may not be rotated, the carriage is set in motion to completo
its unfinished inward "stretch." When the carriage strikes the beam it
is stopped; the pawl 6 let down upon the ratchet 6', and the carriage
started again to make its first outward stretch for the building of the
next set of cops. The cord c³ very soon, though not immediately, sets
the disc H in rotation. The rotation of the disc H brings the arm e' of
the pawl eª around against the point of the latch e³, whereupon the latch
presses the arm inward until it disengages the pawl e³from the
ratchet e. Immediately thereafter the ratchet e¹ in its turn strikes the
latch, and is by the latter, which still presses the arm e' inward, turned
forward until two teeth have passed the latch. By this time the disc H

page_text: has carried the arm e* and ratchet e¹ both at the same moment past the
latch, whereupon the spring e³ passes the pawl e between two of the
teeth of the ratchet, and the latter is consequently held fast, not being
rotated again till it strikes the latch e in the course of the next back-
ward revolution of the disc H. The turning forward of the ratchet e¹
also turns the pinion e' forward, and the turning forward of the pinion e
turns the gear wheel 6 backward; but the gear wheel 6 was already par-
taking of one backward rotation, namely, that imparted to it by the
disc H through the medium of the pinion .e and the ratchet e¹ held
fast by the pawl e'. If the ratchet e¹, while held fast, be the means of
communicating a backward rotation to the gear wheel 6, the ratchet,
when set in motion in such direction as to communicate additional
backward rotation to the said gear wheel, must accelerate the movement
of the latter. As the original backward rotation of the gear wheel b
was of the same velocity as that of the disc H, the additional rotation
imparted to the gear wheel must give it a higher velocity backward than
that of the disc. Such higher velocity in addition to its original velocity
the gear wheel 6 imparts to the collar a³ in which it sits, through the
medium of the springs recessed in the latter and pressing against the
gear wheel, and also through the medium of the spring that presses
the pawl b' of the gear wheel 6 upon the ratchet 61 of the collar a³. The
collar a³ on receiving a higher velocity backward than that of the tube h,
which has of course the same speed that the disc H has, turns on the
screw thread h° and moves toward the disc H as long as such higher
velocity continues, or in other words until the ratchet e¹ has cleared the
latch e; then the collar a³ ceases moving toward the disc H, remaining,
however, upon the tube h in the position it has reached when such
movement ceased. While the collar a³ has been gaining ground towards
the disc H in the manner above described, the collar a' has been merely
revolving with the tube h, being carried around by the contact between
its pin aª and the pin a¹ of the fast collar a, its gear wheel K meanwhile
sitting motionless in the collar, being held stationary by its connection
with the gear wheel L and the springs that are recessed in the collar a*,
and press upon the gear wheel K as well as the spring that presses the
pawl b' of the gear wheel K against the ratchet of the collar a*;
allowing the collar to slip past the gear wheel and the ratchet to slip
under the pawl; but as one collar moves toward the disc H and the
other does not, a gap is formed between the two collars that were at
first wound up so close together, or, to use the term which I employ to

page_text: signify the same thing, a "falling-off" takes place between the collars a³
and a Three such "fallings-off" occur during every outward run of thó
carriage.
When the carriage has reached the end of its outward "stretch" it stops,
and the usual changes take place in the mule head. Then the carriage
enters upon its "home stretch" or run inward. As during the " run out"
very soon, though not immediately, the cord c³ sets the disc H in rota-
tion, but this time forward instead of backward. During the forward
rotation of the disc H its ratchet e¹ and the arm e' of the pawl e' slip
under and raise the latch e without being operated by it, and the pawle
holds the ratchet e' fast. The ratchet e therefore, through the medium .
of the pin e³, binds the gear wheel 6 of the collar a fast to the disc H.
for the whole period of the forward rotation of the latter, that is to say,
during the whole of the inward run of the carriage; and as the recessed
springs hold the gear wheel b' and collar a' together, the collar a revolves
with the tube h and at the same velocity.
Looking now to the collar a' it will be seen that two changes have
occurred with respect to it since the carriage began to "run in." Instead
of revolving with the tube h the collar a' is now sitting upon the tube
without revolving, and instead of remaining in contact with the collar a
the collar a' is now moving away from it toward the collar a³. Both
these changes are due to the reversing of the motion of the disc H and
tube h, together with the holding of the gear wheel K stationary by the
gear wheel L.
turns the pin a¹ of the
The reversing of the motion of the tube
collar a away from the pin a' of the collar a', and leaves the latter in
the gripe of the stationary gear wheel K, which immediately clamps
said collar a' by means of its recessed springs. The collar a' being thus
held fast while the tube his revolving is moved endwise toward the
collar a³ by the screw thread 4°. The movement of the collar a' endwise
continues until the pin a³ of the ratchet 6* meets the pin a' of the
serrated disc I as the latter is revolving forward, which meeting of the
pins is in effect a collision between the rotating collar a³ and the non-
rotating collar a', in which one or the other must give way. On the
instant of the collision the pawl 6 of the gear wheel b seizes the
ratchet 6' of the collar a', and thus reinforces said collar with all the
power of the disc H. The collar a³ thus strengthened immediately over-

page_text: comes the resistance of the collar a, and sets the latter in rotation
forward with itself and the tube . The collar at having thus gone over
to the side of the collar a³, the ratchet b' thrusts itself against the
pawl 6 of the gear wheel K, and compels the latter to rotate forward
with the rest. The rotation of the gear wheel K effects the rotation of 5
the gear wheel L, and in turn of the shaft 2, bevel gear wheels L³, L³, and
the quadrant screw. The quadrant screw continues rotating with the
rest until the carriage has struck the beam, and during the whole period
of its rotation it raises the quadrant nut d'.
to the side of the collar a³, the ratchet b' thrusts itself against the
pawl b' of the gear wheel K, and compels the latter to rotate forward
with the rest. The rotation of the gear wheel K effects the rotation of 5
the gear wheel L, and in turn of the shaft 1, bevel gear wheels L³, L³, and
the quadrant screw. The quadrant screw continues rotating with the
rest until the carriage has struck the beam, and during the whole period
of its rotation it raises the quadrant nut d².
The carriage having gone over its inward "stretch" the forward rotation 1
of the disc H ceases; the usual changes take place in the mule head,
and the carriage starts to run out again.
During this second "run out" the gear wheel K is withheld from rota-
tion by the gear wheel L, and consequently the screw thread he draws the
collar a' endwise away from the collar a³and into contact once more with 1
the fast collar a, thus restoring the gap that was formed 'during the first
run out by the "falling off" of the collar a³ from the collar a', but this
gap is increased during the second run out by three more "fallings off" of
the collar a³. When therefore the second "run in” is made the collar a*
bas a wider space to move through before coming in contact with the 2
collar a³ than it had during the first “run in.”
As the speed of rotation of the tube is uniform the time occupied by
the collar a* in traversing the gap must therefore be greater during the
second "run in" than during the first, but the longer the collar a* is in
_traversing the gap the less time does it have wherein to rotate the gear 2
wheels K and L, and by consequence to raise the quadrant nut, because
the time of making the "run in" is invariable for every "stretch." It
follows then that during the second inward "stretch" the quadrant nut is
raised less than it was during the first, and it is easy to see that during the
third inward "stretch" the quadrant nut will be raised less than it was 3
during the second, and generally that during every inward "stretch" the
quadrant nut is raised less than during the one immediately preceding,
until finally it altogether ceases to rise, the base of the cop being fully
built. This gradually decreasing series of rises of the quadrant nut
produces necessarily the gradually diminishing series of reductions in 3
the speed of the spindles, which was the object sought to be obtained.

page_text: For the proper building of the two inverted cones which form the
base of a cop, say of No. 120 yarn, the quadrant screw must make
during the first "stretch" one and one-half turns, and during the last.
"stretch" but the one hundred and twentieth part of one turn, and between
these two extremes the turns of the screw should decrease in extent in a
regular series. Or to put it in another way in building the base of the cop
the carriage has to make thirteen hundred and twenty "home stretches"
and the quadrant nut has consequently to make thirteen hundred and
twenty movements, each of less extent than the preceding one in passing
over à space of twenty inches on the quadrant screw.
one.
It has been stated that the fixed collar a must be placed nearer the
end of the tube h for spinning a fine grade of thread than for a coarse.
The reason for this is that the finer the thread the longer it takes
to build the base of the cop, and therefore the greater should be the
number of the rises of the quadrant and the consequent number of
"fallings off" of the collar from the collar at.
When the base of the cop is finished it is unnecessary that the
quadrant screw should be further operated. The "fallings off" of the
collar a finally and at the proper time enlarge the gap between it and
the collar a* to such an extent that the endwise movement of the collar a*.
is not sufficient to bring it into collision with the collar a' during the
forward rotation of the disc H. The means thus failing whereby the
said forward rotation is communicated to the quadrant gear wheel L, the
-latter of course ceases to receive positive motion, and the quadrant nut
5 ceases to rise. The pin a' of the disc H is in the end overtaken by the
pin a³ of the collar a' in the course of one of the "fallings off" of the
latter; and this "falling off" is consequently its last one. It is best then
to throw back the latch e, so that it may cease to operate the ratchet e¹;
but if this is not done no harm ensues beyond the mere wearing of the
o parts, inasmuch as when the latch turns the ratchet forward, and thus
accelerates the backward rotation of the gear wheel 6 beyond that of the
disc H, the collar a³ is held back by the pins a' and a to just the speed
of the disc; the recessed springs of the collar a³ yield and the gear
wheel b slips round on the tube h without producing any effect until the
5 ratchet e¹ clears the latch e³.

page_text: diately the cord c³ sets the disc H in rotation." The cause of the cord c
not setting the disc H in rotation immediately is that the drum E¹, over
which the upper branch of the cord c³ is wound, sits loosely in a screw
thread cut on its shaft Es, and when the latter begins to revolve the
drum E' is turned for about two and one-half revolutions in an opposite
direction owing to its connection with the belt tightener on one side, and
the disc H on the other, neither of which receives motion from
any other
source than the drum E¹. On the shaft Es two collars d are fixed by
means of set screws, one at each side of the drum E³, a pin &³ extending
from the inner end of each collar toward the drum, and a pin d' likewise
extending from each side of the drum toward the collars, the pins ď³ and
d' being at the same distance from the shaft E. As soon as the drum E',
by its contrary rotation to the shaft E³, is moved along the latter, so far
that its pin d' meets the pin ď of the collar d, the drum is rotated in
the same direction as the shaft E³, and consequently sets the disc H in
rotation. The more idle revolutions the drum E¹ makes the later is the
moment in the run when the disc H begins to revolve. If, say, two
and a quarter revolutions of the disc H are found sufficient to give the
quadrant screw the proper extent of turn during the first inward "stretch"
and all the subsequent "stretches," the collars d are placed at such a
distance from each other that all the time of the run is consumed by
the idle motion of the drum E¹ except the time required for making
two and a quarter revolutions of the disc H. The description of the
operation of the mechanism which operates the quadrant screw is now
complete.
The next in order of these improvements is the apparatus for automati-
cally regulating this same mechanism in such a way as during the inward
runs of the carriage to reduce the speed of the spindles whenever they
revolve so rapidly as to wind the thread too tightly upon the cops, as it is
only when the spindles are revolving at varying rates of speed that the size
of the cops is liable to be such as to cause them to take up thread faster
than it is delivered from the feeding rolls. The extent of the regulation
required by spindles that are already regularly reducing their speed
thirteen hundred and twenty times in the course of eleven hours, must, it
is evident, bo exceedingly slight. The best indication of the degree of
tightness to which the threads are being wound is obviously supplied by
the threads themselves, and it was desirable to make the threads accom-
plish their own regulation. The problem was to apply to the "falling-off"

page_text: mechanism an apparatus to be automatically operated by the threads, that
should convert the series of diminishing speeds at which the spindles are
running at the time they are winding the threads too tightly upon the
cops into another series having a more rapid rate of reduction.
5 The winding of the ends upon the spindles is brought about by the
upper follower f¹, a section of which together with a section of the lower
follower, is seen in plan in Figure 16, these sections being those
central parts of the followers that span the space wherein is the mule
head B, between the two halves of the carriage; it being understood
O that the followers with their rods F, F, extend to each side of the mule
head from one end of the carriage to the other, the followers themselves
during the winding on being just in front, and the follower rods F¹, Fª,
being just in rear of the row of spindles, which row does not extend
across above the mule head. The ends pass between the followers on
5 their way to the spindles.
"
'
Soon after the carriage arrives at the end of the "run out," the upper
follower f¹ is made to descend between the spindles and the lower
follower, below the latter, and carry the ends downward for the
'purpose of placing them in proper position to be wound upon the cops.
During this descent the follower f keeps its place above the follower f',
and consequently receives a pressure from all the ends together,
which pressure continues during the whole time of the "run-in," or in
other words of the winding on, gradually lessening as the follower f
'rises, and finally ceasing when the follower f¹ flies above the follower f³,
and thus allows the ends to rise to the points of the spindles. A weight
hung to the follower rod F counteracts the pressure of the threads upon
the follower f. The upper and lower followers, and the operation
of the same as thus far described, are well known in the art of mule
spinning.
My improvement consists in converting the pressure of the ends upon
the follower f* into a force that operates to diminish this very pressure
when it becomes excessive. When the ends are wound too tightly upon
the cops they draw the follower flower, and consequently turn the
follower rod F further round than usual. On the rod F near the mule
frame B is fixed a curved finger f, the point of which when the rod F
is turned far enough. strikes the top of a vertical rod f', that is loosely
placed in pins f; which project inwardly from the carriage A². A

page_text: collarf is fixed on the rod f* and on the rod between the collar and the
lower pin f³ is a spiral spring f. A series of teeth is cut in one side of
the rod fto form a ratchet f³, and a leverf, having its fulcrum on a
pin that extends horizontally from an arm k which likewise projects
inward from the carriage A³, is connected with a spring that presses the 5
lower end of the lever f' against the ratchet fs, and causes said lever to
operate as a pawl and hold the rod f' at whatever point it may be
pressed down to by the finger fª. The rod f'is of such length that
when pressed downward to any extent by the finger f³ its lower end as
the carriage runs out strikes the lever ³, which is supported so as to be 1
susceptible of motion in the same direction as the "centre head" B, by a
bearing . A rod extending from the lever ³ to the pawl k³,
mounted on a fulcrum k' of the rod k', imparts motion from the lever ³,
so that when k³ is moved to the right as shown in Figure 14 the pawl k³
is moved to the right spaces between the teeth of the serrated wheel I 1
from which it is disengaged by the elasticity of a spiral spring on the
rod. The lower extremity of the rod is formed with a rule joint at
f, so that it may pass to the left without operating the lever, but
when passing to the right moves it whenever the rod f' is low enough to
reach the lever ³. On the rod is a projection ³, which resting against 2
a latch (shewn in plan view in Figure.13) until the latch is raised
from the projection by the motion of the block P withdrawing the
support from the heavier end k of the latch k³, holds the lever in
position to be operated by the rod f, so soon however as the projection
k³ is no longer held by the latch then the spring ko withdraws the a
lever from the reach of the rod A. This takes place when the base of
the cop is completed, when the block P herein-after described has moved
from under the heavier end 4 of the latch k. Without anticipating
the description of the block P at this point, it is proper here to state that
the function of the said block is to render the regulator inoperative upon a
the completion of the base of the cops. The regulation of the falling off
mechanism takes place at about every fourth stretch.
I have found it desirable during the run in of the carriage to cause
the follower f³ to be held at a higher point than it has been usual here-
tofore to hold it in order to reduce the strain of the follower upon the
ends. At the close of the run in therefore the follower f' has to be
brought down to a point where it shall be below the ends during the
run out. The mechanism by which the follower is thus brought down

page_text: imparts to it a swift and sudden motion that carries it lower than it
should go, so that it has then to rise into its proper position. But this
prolonged descent of the follower is sufficient to cause the finger ƒ³ of
the follower rod F to strike the top of the regulator rod f., and thus
5 press the same downward so far that it will impinge upon the lever k³
during the next run out, and in the manner above described effect a
reduction in the speed of the spindles beyond what is required. To
prevent such a result the rod f' is divided into two portions, the upper
portion or head m being two or three inches in length, and jointed to an
car m³ that extends upward from the lower portion in such a manner
that the head when vertical forms a part of the main rod f*, and may be
operated by the finger f' in the usual way. An arm m³ extends hori-
zontally outward from the roller beam N far enough to strike the lower
end of the head m when the carriage has arrived at a point about five
inches from the beam, and throw said head into a position so far inclined
that it is out of the reach of the finger f" however far the same may
descend, in which position the head m is held by the arm m³ until the
carriage has completed its run in and proceeded on its run out far enough
to carry the head clear of the arm. The head is then restored to its
vertical position by means of a weighted rod m³ that extends from its
lower end in a direction away from the arm m³.
As before observed the regulation of the falling off mechanism for the
purpose of preventing the ends from being too tightly wound upon the
cops need only take place during the time when the double conical bases
of the cops are building. Some apparatus is therefore needed which
shall automatically render the regulator inoperative as soon as the base is
finished.
Having thus completed the description of the construction and work-
ing of the regulator mechanism I propose now by way of preface to the
explanation of the next of said improvements to advert once more to the
operation of the upper follower during the winding of the ends upon the
cops.
Beginning at the point in the cop where it places the bottom of the
layers of thread at the commencement of the "run in" of the carriage, the
follower rises slowly till it reaches the top of the cop. At this point it
is my object to impart to the follower a quicker movement as it rises
past the lower portions of the naked parts of the spindles, and before it
B

page_text: reaches the tops of the spindles to impart to it the still quicker motion
by which it arrives at its original position above the spindles just as the
carriage strikes the beam. These three separate movements of the
follower I call its first, second, and third rises respectively, and it is
during the second and third rises that the threads are wound spirally ||
upon the naked parts of the spindles up to their very points in order
that the ends may be properly twisted during the next drawing out.
The first rise of the follower is effected in the ordinary manner by the
use of the copping rail S, the sinking of which at the end of each out-
ward run causes the roller o through the intermediate mechanism to ]
place the upper follower opposite a higher point in the base of the cop
at the beginning of each successive inward run, thus enabling said
follower to place the top of each successive layer of thread at a higher
point on the spindle whereby the cop grows in height at every stretch.
It is evident that the first rise in every inward run should continue until 1
cach end is wound upon the cop, except just enough to compose the
spiral around the spindle, and then the second rise should begin. The
second rise cannot begin till the roller o has traversed the length of the
copping rail. The length of the copping rail must be such as will
produce a first rise of the right length for the first inward run in which
the amount of thread required for the spiral coil is greater than in
subsequent runs.
'
In the ordinary copping rail no provision is made for producing a
subsequent first rise of greater length than that in the first inward run,
it having been supposed that first rises may be invariable as to length
without detriment. Experiment however has proved that every first
rise should be of greater length than the one immediately preceding it,
for the reason that the cops being always conical where the layers of
thread are laid on take up the ends with a speed that diminishes as the
ends approach the top of the cops, so that each first rise should be
prolonged till the carriage has run in so far as to leave between itself
and the beam only just sufficient length of ends to form the spiral coils,
and as the length of ends requisite for the spirals is less at each
successive stretch the length of the first rises must be greater at each
successive stretch. If the first rise ends too soon the spiral coils are
wound loosely on the spindles and kinks are consequently formed in the
ends. It was therefore necessary to provide an apparatus whereby
every first rise of the followers should be prolonged till all of each end

page_text: has been wound upon its cop except what is required to form the spiral
coil upon the naked part of the spindle.
•
The device by which this object is accomplished I term the "extension
rail." It consists of a block of metal p, Figure 2 and Figure 17,
5 placed in a longitudinal groove made for its reception in the upper side
of the copping rail S at the inner end of the same. The upper side of
the extension rail is at its rear part horizontal and always flush with the
upper surface of the copping rail. At its front part the upper side of
the "extension rail" is bevelled to such an extent that when set back far
) enough in its groove its inclined face is flush with the inclination at the
end of the copping rail. When in this position the "extension rail" forms
merely a constituent part of the copping rail, having no function of its
own to discharge, and this is its position at the placing of the first layer
of thread upon the paper tubes and spindles. In order to cause the
follower to rise higher'while placing the second layers of thread upon
the cops than it did while placing the first ones, the roller o must run
further out upon the copping rail before beginning to descend. But
the roller o runs to the end of the copping rail during the first "
"stretch,"
and to enable it to run any further out the copping rail must, it is
obvious; be extended. To extend the copping rail for t this purpose is
the office of the rail p, which office it fulfils by moving out in its groove
a very slight distance at the end of each outward run. The source of
this intermittent motion of the "extension rail" is the travelling shoe 8;
on the inclined upper surface of which the copping rail S rests. To the
side of the shoe S' one extremity of a rod S is jointed, the other
extremity of which is connected with the lower end of a lever S' that
has for its fulcrum, near its upper end, a stud passing transversely
through the copping rail 8. To the lever 83 at a point between its
fulcrum and the connecting rod 8' is jointed one extremity of another
connecting rod S., the other extremity of which is connected with the
"extension rail" p by a pin that projects from the side of the latter
through a slot in the side of the copping rail.
;
:
"
'
.:
When the shoe 8 is moved slightly forward in the usual manner by
the turning of the screw Q it imparts a still slighter movement through
the medium of the lever S³ and connecting rods S', S', to the "extension
rail" p, which movement though minute is still amply sufficient to extend
the copping rail all that is necessary for the prolongation of the first
rises of the follower f¹-during each successive inward run until the ³

page_text: length of ends between the carriage and the feeding rolls is only just
enough to form the spiral coils without producing kinks. The distance
traversed by the "extension rail" during the building of one set of cops
is one and three-quarter inches.
In spinning 120 yarn the number of inward runs made by the
carriage during the time so occupied is two thousand six hundred and
forty. The movement of the "extension rail" at every run is therefore
00060 of an inch. The first rise of the follower f¹ being completed its
second rise at once begins. This is produced by the running of the
roller o down the inclined face of the “extension rail."
The second rise of course begins at a later moment in each successive
"stretch," owing to the prolongations of the first rise, and this it should
do as the bases of the naked parts of the spindles are changed to higher
points during every inward run. The second rises must, it is obvious,
gradually decrease in extent as the cops grow in height, but notwith- 1
standing this no second rise should terminate till it has reached a higher
point of the spindle than the one immediately preceding it, for the reason
that as the speed of the spindles is regulated to give the requisite velocity
to the outside of the largest part of the cop, it is not sufficient to take
up the ends into the spiral coils on the naked parts of the spindles to 2
the degree of tightness necessary to prevent the formation of kinks
without prolongation of the second rises. Nor is even this sufficient, a
quickening of the speed of the spindles during the second and third
rises of the follower being also necessary, as will be explained herein-
after. Each third rise should therefore begin at a later moment in 2
every successive "stretch" than the one immediately preceding it.
To produce the third rise I make use in a novel manner of the old
device known as the “knock-off," shewn in Figures 4 and 9, and consisting
of a block n, the upper surface of which is formed like that of the
"extension rail," its inclined face being turned toward the copping rail.
Formerly the "knock-off" was rigidly connected with the copping rail, and
received no motion except what it derived therefrom. The office of the
"knock-off" then, as now, was to raise the fork as the lower finger of
the same was drawn over it by the carriage during its inward run, the
rising of which fork effects the release of an arm n³ connected with one :
of the curved fingers n' of the follower rod F' from a pin which holds
said arm in lock. On the release of the arm ³ the weight R rotates the

page_text: affixed. By means of the stud the motion derived by the lever S³ from
the shoe S' is communicated to the "knock-off." The arm n is made as
much shorter than the distance on the lever S³ from its fulcrum to the
point of its connection with the pitman S'as may be necessary to make
the movement of the "knock-off" at every "stretch" less to the proper 5
degree than the movement of the "extension rail."
The functions of the "extension rail" and "knock-off" having been thus
explained, the next of my improved mechanisms to be taken up is that
which increases the speed of the spindles during the second and third.
rises of the upper follower fr. As above stated the necessity for such 1
increases of speed arises from the fact that the fastness of rotation
required to give the proper velocity to the outside of the largest part
of the cop, which is the velocity the spindles have during the first rise
of the follower is not sufficient to enable them to wind the spiral coils
around the naked parts of the spindles tightly enough to prevent the 1
formation of kinks in the ends. It is obvious that the said increase of
*speed should begin at the moment in each inward run of the carriage
when the ends have risen to the top of the cop, or in other words,
should follow the course of the first rises of the follower. It must
- therefore be of greatest duration in the first "stretch," and decrease in 2
duration at every successive "stretch."
To accomplish this object I make use of the shoe P, Figures 4, 7,
and 13, referred to above in the course of the explanation of the
regulator mechanism. The shoe P has a dovetail groove running
lengthwise of its under straight side, by means of which groove the 2
shoe is slipped upon a dovetail rail P¹ that is secured to the floor in
the path which the shoe should travel. The upper surface of the
shoe is inclined backward and downward. A rod Ps jointed at each
extremity connects it with the copping rail shoe or cop builder 8',
by which rod the intermittent motion of the cop builder is com- 8
municated to the shoe P. To one side of the upper curved rail of
the quadrant D, and near the forward corner of the same, a bent lever
is pivoted, its fulcrum being at its angle. The longer curved arm ďª of
this lever is bent laterally so far as to pass above the quadrant chain d
the major portion of said lever being on the opposite side of the chain.
A pin d³ extends horizontally from the curved arm dª near the outer
end of the same so far as to pass above the chain d. The shorter
arm & of the bent lever is straight and extends backward along the

page_text: curved rail of the quadrant. To the outer extremity of the arm & is
jointed the upper end of a rod or striker d³, which is of such length and
is set in such position that its lower extremity strikes the shoe P just as
the roller begins to descend the inclined face of the "extension rail.”
A spiral spring d™ fastened at one extremity to the quadrant and at
the other to the striker tends to keep the latter always in proper
position, and a spiral spring & fastened at one extremity to the outer
end of the shorter arm d³, and at the other extremity to the front rail D*
of the quadrant, tends to keep the bent lever in proper position.
The operation of the above-described mechanism is as follows:-The
shoe P having been so set that its highest point shall be struck by the
rodd at the end of the first rise of the follower f¹ in the first "stretch,”
the impact of the striker against the shoe throws the former upward
and also throws upward the outer extremity of the shorter arm ď.
The elevation of the arm & causes the depression of the arm dº, and
the latter is so much longer than the former that the pin d³ moves
downward considerably faster than the end of the arm a moves upward,
and therefore speedily strikes the chain aª and drives the same down-
ward before it: Before the chain &³ receives the stroke of the pin d³
it is already tightened by the draft of the drum E moving forward with
the carriage, and therefore before the bending of said chain downward
by the pin a' can be effected there must be a yielding of the chain d³ at
one end or the other. Such yielding takes place at the end wound on
the drum E, the latter revolving with a suddenly increased velocity in
order to let off the chain. This suddenly increased velocity of the
drum E produces the increase of speed in the spindle, which was the
object to be obtained, said increase of speed beginning at the same time
as the second rise of the follower ƒ³, and continuing as long as the
quadrant descends, that is, till the end of the "stretch." At every inward
run the shoe P is moved as far forward as the other shoe S¹ moves, and
therefore by reason of the inclination of the upper surface of the shoe l'
the latter is struck by the rod d³, and the chain is struck by the
pin d, each at a later moment in every successive "stretch," and the
duration of the increased speed of the spindles therefore decreases at
every run.
A certain increase of speed however is essential to the.
proper operation of the spindles even to the very last "stretch."
The moving of the " extension rail,” “knock-off," and shoe P all by the
shoe S¹ which is usually called the cop builder. renders it easy to

page_text: "
regulate the motion of each in its proper relation to the motions of
the others. During the building of one set of cops of 120 yarn, or in
other words the running of two thousand six hundred and forty
stretches," the shoe P moves lengthwise five inches. The height of
the incline in the upper side of the shoe is 1-25 inch. The extent of
the movement of the shoe at every "stretch" is therefore 00189 of an
inch, and the average decrease of length in the movements of the arm ď
at every stretch is 00047 of an inch. As the carriage runs in after
completing the second "stretch" the drum G is revolved backward by
the cords f* and G³. The drum G is connected with the large gear
wheel G' by two interlocking ratchets g, g', one fixed concentrically
upon the inner side of the gear wheel and the other connected by a
collar with the drum. The gear wheel G³ turns only forward, and the
drum G must therefore be disconnected from it before said drum can
be revolved backward. The disconnecting of the drum and gear wheel 1
stops both the drum and the carriage, and therefore should not take
place till the carriage has completed the second "stretch." It is at this
precise moment that it does take place, and the mechanism by which
it is accomplished is one of my improvements the ratchets aa heine

page_text: till the collar strikes the mule frame, and this drawing of the drum
throws the ratchets 9 and 7' out of gear and leaves the drum free to
rotate idly on its shaft as the carriage runs in. The means for throwing
the ratchets into gear are old.
The sixth of my improvements is the apparatus whereby when the
carriage strikes the beam at the end of the run inward it is prevented
from suddenly recoiling with such force as to break the ends. To the
upper surface of either of the side rails of the mule head frame a block r
is secured in position where it may form the foundation of the said
mechanism. To a vertical lug r¹ that springs from the upper side of the
block, the rear extremity of a latch bar ³ is jointed, which latch bar
rests near its front end upon a spiral spring, that is supported upon the
block r.
A latch passes vertically through a slot in the latch bar r³,
and a horizontal pin running transversely through the latch bar, slot,
and latch forms a pivot upon which the latter may be turned. A spiral
spring connects the lower part of the latch * with the lug r³, said
spring tending to draw the lower part of the latch backward and thus
throw its upper part forward. The latch * should be pivoted at such an
elevation as to stand directly in the path of the follower rod F¹ as the
latter moves backward and forward with the carriage.
The operation of the above-described mechanism is as follows:—
When the follower rod F¹ in running in strikes the latch it throws the
same forward, depresses the latch bar, and passes on beyond the latch,
whereupon the latch bar is thrown upward by the spring to its
original position, carrying up with it the latch, and placing the latter
directly in rear of the bar F. No sooner has the latch reached this
position than the recoil of the carriage brings the follower bar back
against it, which recoil is checked by the resistance offered by the
spring to the pushing back of the upper part of the latch. When the
carriage runs outward the follower bar overcomes the resistance of the
spring, pushes back the latch, depresses the latch bar, and passes
clear of the latch, which thereupon is again elevated to its original
position.
The seventh of my improvements relates to the manner of keeping
the pressure of the weight R off the arm t until the same has been raised
past the centre of the follower rod F³, the necessity for which improve-
ment arises from the fact that prior to such passing the centre the

page_text: .
pressure of the weight if not taken off would tend to draw the arm t
downward at the very time when it is necessary that it should move
upward. I have therefore provided a rail R' beneath the carriage for
the weight R to travel on, said rail being fastened to the floor in a
direction parallel to the motion of the carriage, and being inclined at its
inner end to such an extent and at such a point that the weight reaches
the incline just before the knock-off throws the upper follower out of
lock, and travels down the incline fast enough to impart to the follower
a third rise of the requisite velocity. As long as the weight is on the
horizontal part of the rail it is wholly sustained theroby.
66
..
The last of said improvements relates to the means whereby the
weight R is made to retard the second rise of the upper follower to an
extent that increases as the cops grow in height. The necessity for
such increase of the retardation grows out of the fact that if the upper
follower were to move at a uniform speed during all its second rises it
would get into position for the outward run sooner and sooner at every.
'stretch" by reason of the constant decrease in the length of the second
rises. But it is essential that the follower should get into position for
the outward run at the same moment in every "stretch," which moment is
the same at which the carriage strikes the beam, in order that it may
put the proper amount of thread into the spiral coils. The weight R is
therefore placed loosely on an arm R, the forward extremity of which is
jointed to the carriage, while to its rear extremity the lower end of the
chain R' is fastened. The weight is connected by a rod 70 with the
periphery of a drum R' that is fixed on a shaft R³, which passes hori-
zontally through a sleeve Rº that is secured to the bottom rail of the
carriage, and also through a ratchet R' fixed on the inner end of the
sleeve R°. An arm R³ extends radially from the part of the shaft R'
that projects beyond the ratchet R³, to the outer side of which arm is
pivoted a pawl R³, on which pawl a spring, affixed at one end to the
arm R³ presses, thereby causing the pawl to engage with the ratchet R7.
When the pawl is thus engaged with the ratchet the arm R³ is locked to
the same. An arm projects horizontally outward from the shoe P
directly in the path of the arm R³ as the latter moves back and forth
with the carriage. As the carriage runs in the lower arm of the pawl R';
first strikes the said arm, and the pawl is thereby disconnected from the
ratchet, thus releasing the arm R³ from lock and admitting of the
throwing of the lower end of said arm backward until it clears the said

page_text: arm. The throwing back of the arm rotates the drum R* backward, and
this by means of the connecting rod moves the weight R back on the
arm R. The said arm is provided with a jointed head that is kept in
line with the arm by a spring. When the carriage runs out the spring
yields and allows the jointed head to turn backward as the arm R³
strikes it until the latter passes clear of the said arm, when the spring
throws the jointed head forward again into position for the next
throwing back of the arm. By each successive movement of the drum
the weight is pushed backward, and as the distance between the weight
and the pivot of the arm R³ increases the pressure of the weight upon
the chain R', and by consequence upon the arm of the follower rod f';
increases also. By reason of the increasing pressure of the weight upon
the follower rod, as the lengths of the second rises of the follower
decrease the times of said rises remain the same. Another advantage
of this gradual retardation of the rises of the follower is the winding of
the threads tightly upon the apexes or noses of the cops. The rail R³
serves to support the weight during that part of the run when the
retardation of the follower is not necessary and would be injurious.
In the operation of the spindles a mule with my improvements does
perfectly what the human spinner aims to do. First, by producing a
regularly diminishing series of reductions in their speed, so that they
rotate more slowly during the second "stretch" than during the first, and
during the third "stretch" than during the second, and so on till the bases
of the cops are built, and the difference between the respective velocities
of the second and third "stretches" is less than the difference between the
respective velocities of the first and second "stretches," and so on; also by
diminishing their speed when they are running too fast just as much
as may be necessary to prevent their winding the ends too tightly upon
the bases of the cops. Secondly, by imparting to the spindles at every
inward run an increased speed of less and less duration at every "stretch,"
just as the spiral coils commence winding upon the naked parts of the
spindles.
In the operation of the upper follower my improvements perform the
work of the ideal spinner. First, by changing to a later moment in
every successive "stretch" both the time of beginning and of ending the
accelerated movement of the follower that lays the spiral coils upon the
naked parts of the spindles, and by giving to this movement the degree
of acceleration requisite to form the coils without allowing. kinks to

page_text: come in the ends. Secondly, by retarding the speed of the successive
rises of the upper follower directly as their lengths decrease by just so
much as may be necessary to produce uniformity in the times of said
second rises. Thirdly, by changing to a later moment in every successive
"stretch" the time when the weight is allowed to draw the follower sud-
denly upward into position for the outward run of the carriage.
In preventing the recoil of the carriage after it strikes the beam my
improvement imitates the pressure of the knee and hand of the human
operator by opposing to the follower rod a force that checks it tem-
porarily and which is withdrawn when the carriage starts to run out.
Having thus described the said Invention, as communicated to me
by my foreign correspondent, and the manner of performing the same,
I wish it understood that I claim,-
First. The "fall-off" mechanism herein described, substantially as
set forth.
purpose
Second. The combination of the quadrant screw with the winding-on
drum and with the "falling-off" mechanism as described, for the
of producing a regularly decreasing series of diminutions in the speed
of the spindles.
Third. The combination of the mechanism herein described, which a
antomatically turns the quadrant screw, with a regulating apparatus as
herein set forth, that during those inward runs of the carriage in which
the spindles revolve too fast is automatically operated by the ends in
a manner that diminishes the "falling-off" of the collar a³ to such an
extent as to cause the mechanism, of which said collar forms a part, to 2
diminish the speed of the spindles during the next inward run after
such diminution more than it would otherwise have been diminished,
and enough to prevent the spindles from winding the ends too tightly
upon the double conical bases of the cops until such time as they again
revolve too fast.
Fourth. The combination of the vertical regulator rod f' with the
jointed head m, weighted rod m³, and horizontal arm m² in the manner
described, and for the purpose of preventing the depression of the
regulator rod out of season.
3
Fifth. The arrangement of the horizontal arm ², jointed head k³, 3
spring, or equivalent contrivance, and rod A, projecting from the

page_text: shoe P in the manner described, and for the purpose of automically
rendering the regulator apparatus inoperative after the double conical
bases of the cops have been built.
Sixth. The "extension rail" combined with the copping rail and cop
5 builder in the manner herein described, by which the intermittent motion
of the latter, imparted to the "extension rail," may cause the same to
practically lengthen the copping rail at every inward run as much as
may be necessary, in order to prolong the first rise of the upper follower
until all of each end has been wound upon its cop, except just enough
O to make the spiral coil upon the naked part of the spindle without
allowing the formation of kinks in the thread.
"
Seventh. A "knock-off" separated from the copping rail, and operated
by a mechanism as herein described, which causes it to advance at every
" stretch a less distance than the "extension rail” advances, but at the
same time as far as may be necessary to prolong the second rise of the
upper follower at each inward run until the spiral coils have been wound
upon the naked parts of the spindles tightly enough to prevent the
formation of kinks in the ends.
Eighth. The combination with the quadrant and quadrant chain
of the inclined travelling shoe P and the mechanism, consisting sub-
stantially of the lever d', d', and striker d³, all constructed and operating
in the manner described and for the purpose specified.
Ninth. The combination of the cop builder, "extension rail," "knock-
off," and shoe P in the manner described, for the purpose of causing
them all to move in unison.
Tenth. The combination of the scroll drum with the rocking bar sª,
elbow lever s³, connecting rod 8³, vertical lever s³, and carriage arm 8,
in the manner described for the purpose of throwing the scroll drum
out of gear at the completion of the second "stretch."
Eleventh. The combination with the mule carriage of a latch
mechanism, consisting essentially of the block r, lug r, latch bar ³,
latch, and springs,, as and for the purpose specified.
Twelfth. The combination of the weight B with the rail R³ when the
same is provided with an inclination at its inner end in the manner
described, for the purpose of keeping the pressure of the weight from
the upper follower until the latter has been thrown out of lock.

page_text: Thirteenth. The combination of the weight R with mechanism as herein
described that automatically serves to increase the pressure of the said
weight upon the upper follower as the lengths of the second rises of
said follower decrease in the manner described, for the purpose of
causing the times of the said second rises to remain uniform..
In witness whereof, I, the said William Robert Lake, have
hereunto set my hand and seal, this 8th day of May, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-two.
Witness,
GEORGE HASELTINE.
W. ROBT. LAKE.. (L.S.)