IMPROVEMENTS
Year: 1882

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James Taylor at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 21st March 1882.
JAMES TAYLOR of Wigan in the County of Lancaster
WHEELS
"
"IMPROVEMENTS IN
This Invention has for its object improvements in wheels and the following is a
brief description of the same.
The felloes may either be made in segments as in the old arrangement or they
can be made all in one piece. On the outer part of each felloe I place a suitable
malleable iron or steel cap and on the top of each such cap is a small projecting
part say 4 inch.
The hoop or tire is formed with a recess or groove inside.-Such hoop is beated
and placed on over the caps and contracted on the felloes.-The hoop when so
fitted cannot come off and by this method of fastening, the ordinary rivets through
the hoop and felloes are entirely dispensed with.
The ends of the spokes are capped with malleable iron or steel and screwed into
the cap. By this means the spokes are firmly secured to the felloes.-Such spokes
may be made either of wood or malleable iron.
The other ends of the spokes are also capped with square taper heads while the
boss or nave is provided with suitable recesses to receive the spokes one half of
which go into each side of the boss.
The boss is so arranged as to form a conical bush which receives a corresponding
cone that is secured to the axle.-The boss may however be so arranged as to
allow of its being fitted with the old kind of bush if required.
In some cases I introduce springs into the boss.
7

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said James Taylor in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 21st September
1882.
JAMES TAYLOR of Wigan in the County of Lancaster
WHEELS"
"IMPROVEMENTS IN
This Invention has for its object improvements in the construction of wheels
and the following is a brief description of the same.
The felloes may either be made in segments as in the old arrangement or they
can be made all in one piece.-On the outer part of each felloe I place a suitable
malleable iron or steel cap and on the top of each such cap is a small projection.
The hoop or tyre is formed with a recess or groove inside-Such hoop is heated
and placed on over the caps and contracted on the felloes. The hoop when so
fitted cannot come off and by this method of fastening the ordinary rivets through
the hoop and felloes are entirely dispensed with.
The ends of the spokes are capped with malleable iron or steel and screwed into
the cap. By this means the spokes are firmly secured to the felloes. Such spokes
may be made either of wood or malleable iron.
The other ends of the spokes are also capped with square taper heads while the
boss or nave is provided with suitable recesses to receive the spokes one half of
which go into each side of the boss.
The boss is so arranged as to form a conical bush which receives a corresponding
cone that is secured to the axle. The boss may however be so arranged as to
allow of its being fitted with the old kind of bush if required.
In some cases I introduce springs into the boss.
And in order that my said invention may be better understood and readily
carried into effect I will proceed to describe the drawings hereunto annexed.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Figure 1 shews a view in side elevation of one of my improved wheels which is
suitable for all kinds of vehicles.
Figure 2 is a sectional elevation thereof shewing the position of the spokes and
how they are placed in the boss and felloes.-The boss is in two or more parts
jointed together in the centre and secured by two or more nuts one nut being so
arranged as to secure the bosses while the other serves to secure the wheel to the
axle. The caps shown at Figure 8 are fitted in suitable recesses prepared in the
bosses for their reception. An oil chamber (A Figure 2) is formed in the nut
which is arranged on the inside of the boss while the outer part of the boss is solid
or closed and a suitable oil chamber (B Figure 2) is supplied with oil at will
without taking off the wheel. By this arrangement the oil must work through or
by the axle to the inside boss or nut at the same time that the oil can only escape
from the boss through the nut. It will also be seen that by this arrangement one
half the boss and bush is all united.
As before mentioned however the bosses may be so arranged that the old kind
of bush and axle can be applied in which case I secure such bush in the boss with
cement so that when required the cement can be melted and the bush easily and
quickly taken out.-The bush may also however if preferred be secured with wood
or other material.
Figure 3 shews a sectional elevation, of my improved wheel having a boss
constructed with cones for the bearings instead of the ordinary bush. These cones

page_text: are threaded on each other as well as on the axle and can be regulated at will as
they wear down without taking the boss or any part of the wheel asunder.―The
cones are secured to the axle by means of a taper set screw (C Figure 3) so as to
expand the axle end which is sawn down or otherwise divided in four parts for
say about one inch so that when the set screw is inserted the ends of the axle
expand and by this means the cone cannot possibly work loose or drop off the
axle.
Figure 4 shews the arrangement of a spring boss. The corrugated spring
(D Figure 4) is applied underneath the end or head of each spoke so that when
any undue pressure is put on one single spoke the spring will compensate for it.-
The spoke-will-however immediately resume its normal position. Two or more of
such springs are required in each boss.
Figure 5 is a section of the hoop or tyre shewing a groove inside to receive the
projections on the cap as shewn at Figure 6 thus dispensing with the rivets
through the hoops and felloes as the hoop when hot will pass over these projections
and owing to the contraction which takes place while cooling the hoop when cold
becomes perfectly tight and cannot by any means get loose or leave the felloes.
Another advantage of this kind of hoop is that the groove can be made just so
deep in the hoop that when it is worn down as thin as is practicable the hoop will
be in two parts and thus necessitate a new hoop being fitted thereby preventing
the distruction of the wheel as is now so often the case.
Figure 6 shews the cap which is threaded inside to receive the socket shewn at
Figure 7. Such cap is placed in the felloes underneath the hoop.
Figure 7 shews the socket which is fitted and secured to the end of the spoke
and threaded to allow of its being secured in the cap shewn at Figure 6 whereby
the spoke is properly secured to the felloe after which the two halves of the boss
or nave are pressed together on the other ends of the spokes thus forming the
centre of the wheel.
I also place a spoke in the centre of each joint of the felloe thus dispensing with
the dowels in the joints whereby the joints cannot by any means give way. By
this arrangement the felloes can be made in segments or all in one piece at the
same time that the spokes can be taken out and reinstated in a short time without
taking off the hoop or tyre.
Figure 8 shews the socket for the nave end of the spoke which is secured on the
wood spoke by means of wedges or screws-In the case of hollow spokes the
sockets shewn at Figures 7 and 8 are prepared all in one and either cast or forged
of suitable metal. The head of the socket is shewn in a wedge form at Figure 8
and by this means as the boss is being pressed together tention or thrust is
obtained.
Having thus particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention of Improvements in wheels and the manner of carrying the same into
effect I would have it understood that what I claim and desire to secure by the
hereinbefore in part recited Letters Patent is
Firstly-The improved arrangement of the spokes in the boss and felloes as
herein before described and illustrated.
Secondly The construction and arrangement of the boss as herein before
described and illustrated.
Thirdly The fitting the felloes with metal caps in the manner herein before
described and illustrated.
Fourthly The construction and arrangement of the oil chambers A and B as
herein before described and illustrated.
Fifthly The construction and arrangement of the conical boss as hereinbefore
described and illustrated.
Sixthly The construction and arrangement of the spring boss as herein before
described and illustrated.
Seventhly The improved method of fitting the hoop or tyre as herein before
described and illustrated.

page_text: Eighthly The fitting the spokes with socket pieces as hereinbefore described
and illustrated.
Ninthly The method of fitting a spoke in each joint of the felloe as hereinbefore
described and illustrated.
Tenthly The fitting the nave ends of the spokes with sockets as hereinbefore
described and illustrated.
In witness whereof I the said James Taylor have hereunto set my hand
and seal this Twentieth day of September in the Year of Our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and eighty-two.
TAATT
AVLOD