Percentage of Clean Wool Contained in a Given Quantity of Raw Wool.
Year: 1887

page_text: Percentage of Clean Wool Contained in a Given Quantity of
Raw Wool.
I, ERNST JAEGERMAYER, of Voeslau, in the Empire of Austria, do hereby declare
the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
The object of this invention is to enable any person to determine by a rapid and
simple operation the yield of any particular quality of raw wool that is to say the
percentage of clean wool that will be obtained after washing the raw material.
For this purpose a given weight of the raw wool is compressed in a cylinder under
a given pressure.
An apparatus in connection with the cylinder indicates the reduced
volume of the wool resulting from the given pressure. From this indicated volume
I calculate the specific gravity of the raw material and thus ascertain the percentage
of clean wool.
The pressure I prefer to use is 500 kilogrammes per cubic decimêtre of compressed
wool.
The apparatus for determining the volume of the raw wool under a pressure pro-
portional to the volume of the compressed material consists substantially of a platform
scale in which I substitute for the platform a hollow cylinder, and for the ordinary
scale into which the weights are placed I substitute à lever of the second order having
its fulcrum in the framing of the apparatus and resting upon a knife edge on the
last lever of the lever system of the scale and carrying a running weight. The cylinder
is closed at its bottom by a hinged cover carrying a knife edge. In this cylinder
there works a piston actuated by a screw.
The cylinder together with its piston and actuating screw are held by suitable rods
and guards so that any pressure exerted by the piston on the wool contained in the
cylinder is directly transmitted on the first lever when the raw wool of which the
value has to be determined is brought into the cylinder, the bottom cover of the same
is closed and the knife edge on this cover is brought to rest on the said first lever of
the lever system of the scale. The running weight on the steel yard is connected by
means of cords to the piston in such a way that it moves the same distance towards

page_text: the fulcrum of the steel yard as the piston moves downward towards the bottom of
the cylinder.
Therefore when the piston is screwed down so far that the pressure which it exerts
on the wool and hence on the first lever of the lever system of the scale, is at
equilibrium with the running weight on the steel yard, the pressure of the piston
on the wool will be equal to the volume of the compressed wool under the piston say
in cubic decimetres multiplied by the desired predetermined pressure per unit of
volume of the compressed material say 500 kilogrammes. The volume of the com-
pressed wool may then be read either from the steel yard or from a rod attached
to the piston. By means of the determination of this volume, the specific gravity
of the compressed wool and its value is found as already explained.
In order to automatically indicate when the above described state of equilibrium
is arrived at I make the steel yard in two parts one of which is lifted as soon as the
compression of the wool is carried beyond the above mentioned limit while the other
part of the steel yard remains at rest. The moveable part of the steel yard carries a
pin which engages with a screw thread on the rod of a signal disc. When the moveable
part of the steel yard is lifted it gives a signal by turning the signal disc.
Dated this 3rd day of June 1887.
HASELTINE, LAKE & Co.,
45, Southampton Buildings, London,
Agents for the Applicant.

page_text: I, ERNST JAEGERMAYER, of Voeslau, in the Empire of Austria, do hereby declare
the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
The object of this invention is to enable any person to determine by a rapid and
simple operation the yield of any particular quality of raw wool, that is to say, the
percentage of clean wool that will be obtained after washing the raw material.
For this purpose a given weight of the raw wool is compressed in a cylinder under
a given pressure.
An apparatus in connection with the cylinder indicates the reduced
volume of the wool resulting from the said given pressure. From this indicated
volume I calculate the specific gravity of the raw material and thus ascertain the
percentage of clean wool.
The pressure I prefer to use is 500 kilogrammes per cubic decimêtre of compressed
wool.
In the accompanying drawings,
Figure 1 is a side elevation in which for the sake of clearness the cylinder and some
of the parts connected therewith are broken away.
Figure 2 is a plan of the same.
Figure 3 is a front view, partly in section.
Figures 4, 5 and 6 show the signalling apparatus and mechanism for actuating the
same drawn to an enlarged scale.
Figures 7, 8, 9 and 10) are diagrams showing the four positions of the apparatus.
The apparatus for determining the volume of the raw wool under a pressure
proportional to the volume of the compressed material consists substantially of a
platform scale, the lever system of which is indicated by the letters B, B1, B2, and in
which I substitute for the platform a hollow cylinder A; for the ordinary scale in
which the weights are placed I substitute a lever L of the second order which
carries a running weight P and having its fulcrum at 3 in the frame of the
apparatus and resting upon a knife edge on the last lever B2 of the lever system of
the scale.
The lever system B, B1, B2, and L and the weight P I prefer to employ in duplicate
and to locate them side by side as shown in Figure 2, the levers B being connected
by pins q, q
The cylinder A is closed at its bottom by a hinged cover a carrying a knife edge a¹
bearing upon the first lever B of the system having its fulcrum at Q. In the cylinder

page_text: is arranged a piston C provided with cleaning brushes b instead of the usual packing
and actuated by a screw.D having a hand wheel E.
The screw passes through a yoke F secured to two lateral guide rods c pivotally
connected at X to rods & the lower ends of which are pivoted at Y to brackets H
secured to the framing of the apparatus.
The stays i and
prevent the cylinder from tilting while in the working position
shown in Figure 1.
Thus the cylinder and the piston are so held to the frame of the apparatus that
any pressure exerted by the piston C on the wool contained in the cylinder is
directly transmitted on the first lever B of the lever system of the scale. But
as the knife edge carrier of the lever B is arranged within an opening of the
bracket H, the pressure of the compressed wool in the cylinder exerted at the point Z
on the lever B is neutralized by the force transmitted through the rods G on the
brackets H.
The running weight P on the steel yard I, is connected by means of endless cords
(indicated by the dot and dash linos in Figures 1, 2, and 3 of the drawings) to the
piston (in such a way that it moves the same distance towards the fulcrum of the
steel yard as the piston moves downward towards the bottom of the cylinder. This is
effected by leading the cord over guide pulleys 7 on a disc f' secured to the screw
spindle D, to the guide pulleys on the yoke F and then outside the cylinder down
over the spring carried guide pulleys to the pivotally arranged guide pulleys m on
the casing of the apparatus and thence through the running weight P over the rear
pulloys from which the cord is led back the same way to the pulleys and returns
through suitable holes in a disc f on the spindle D to the pulleys on the disc fl
where it is united with its outgoing part.
I'
The discs provided with suitable guide rods d, d hold a scale from which the
volume of the compressed wool may be read, it being for this purpose suitably
divided.
From the preceding description of the apparatus it will be obvious how the same
has to be used.
The apparatus shown in Figure 10 in its travelling position, where it is folded in a
casing is at first brought into the working position shown in figure 7 by stretching
the stays and i.
L
The cylinder A is then turned round its pivot X, as shown in Figure 8, and the
wool to be tested is put into it under the piston, the cover a being opened. The
cover a is then closed and the cylinder is again turned down into the position shown
in Figure 7, the knife edge a¹ at the bottom of the cover a being slipped under the
bent spring and brought to bear upon the first lever B of the lever system. Now
when the piston C is screwed down so far that the pressure which it exerts on the
wool and hence on the first lever of the lever system of the scale is in equilibrium
with the running weight on the steel yard the pressure of the piston on the wool will
be equal to the volume of the compressed wool under the piston, say in cubic
decimêtres, multiplied by the desired predetermined pressure per unit of volume of
the compressed material, say 500 kilogrammes. The volume of the compressed wool
may then be read either from the steel yard L or from the scale g. By means of the
determination of this volume the specific gravity of the compressed wool and its value
is found as already explained.
The apparatus is then brought into the position shown in Figure 9 to discharge the
compressed wool whereupon the apparatus may again be folded together as shown in
Figure 10.
In order to automatically indicate when the above described state of equilibrium is
arrived at I make the steel yard L in two parts p¹² normally connected by a catch K.
The part of the steel yard is fixed and supported by suitable standards whereas the
part p is pivoted at 3. When the weight P moves outwards it strikes against the
catch K thus causing it to turn whereby the parts p¹ and p² of the steel yard are
disconnected. When the pressure on the wool is carried, beyond the predetermined

page_text: strength the pivoted part p² of the steel yard L is lifted. The part p³ is provided
with a pin t engaging into a screw thread on the rod n' of a signal disc n. Therefore
when the movable part of the steel yard is lifted it gives a signal by turning the
signal disc indicating that the required pressure is reached.
The piston under which the wool is compressed by screwing down the spindle D
is so connected with the weight P by the cord y that when the piston is screwed down
a certain distance, the weight is moved towards the fulcrum 3 of the moveable part p
of the slide L the same distance. The lever system B B1, B2 p² is now acted upon at
the point Z by the pressure exerted upon the compressed wool and on the other hand
by the weight P. When the system is at equilibrium the static momenta of the
pressure exerted upon the wool and of the weight with reference to the fulcrum Q
must be equal; the pressure on the wool is then proportional to its volume. But on
further screwing down the piston, the momentuin of the pressure on the wool will
immediately prevail, and the movable slide p² together with the weight P resting upon
the same will be raised whereby the signalling apparatus is actuated and indicates by
turning the signal disc n that the pressure exerted upon the wool has reached the
prearranged limit.
Therefore the signalling apparatus will be actuated only when the balance scale is
at equilibrium, that is to say when the static momento above mentioned are equal but
the piston may be higher up or lower down in the cylinder and consequently the
weight (which is connected to the piston by the cord y) at a greater or lesser distance
from the fulcrum 3. In other words: the only and sole condition for the operation of
the signalling apparatus is that the static momenta of the pressure exerted on the
compressed wool and of the weight P with reference to the point Q are equal, the
position of the piston in its cylinder and of the weight P on its slide being entirely
immaterial so far as the operation of the signalling apparatus is concerned.
For samples of different sorts of wool or for different samples of the same sort of
wool differing however by the amount of yolk grease sand or other impurities
contained in the same the state of equilibrium will be established at different positions
of the piston and weight, because the decrease of volume for a given pressure per unit
of volume will be lesser in the case of wool containing much impurities than for
relatively clean wool.
From the specific gravity of the raw wool so compressed found as hereinbefore
explained, I find the yield of the raw wool out of a table which for the different
specific gravities and for the different sorts of raw wool gives the percentage of clean
wool that will be obtained after washing the raw material.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is :-
First. An apparatus for determining the yield of raw wool consisting of a cylinder A
pivoted at two points X and Y and in which the wool is compressed by means
of a piston in combination with a lever system on the first lever of which pressure of
the compressed wool is caused to bear while on the last arm or steel yard of the lever
system a weight is caused to bear which is so connected with the piston that the
pressure exerted on the wool contained in the cylinder is always proportional to the
volume of the compressed wool.
Second. In an apparatus for determining the yield of raw wool a signalling device
consisting of a disc n the rod n¹ of which is provided with a screw thread which is
turned by a pin engaging into said screw thread when the pressure corresponding to
the volume of the compressed wool is reached.
Third. In an apparatus for determining the yield of raw wool the combination of a
cylinder A, piston C and screw D with a yoke F to which the rods G attached to the
brackets H are so pivoted that the cylinder is freely suspended between the same and
the pressure of the compressed wool may be directly transmitted on the lever
system B B B'.

page_text: Fourth. In an apparatus for determining the yield of raw wool the endless cord or
tape connecting the weight P with the piston (so that the pressure exerted by
the weight P on the cylinder through the medium of the lever system is always
proportional to the distance of the piston P from the bottom cover
cylinder.
a of the
Fifth. In an apparatus for determining the yield of raw wool the combination
of the rods G with the stays k and lateral stays i for supporting the cylinder without
interfering with its being freely pivoted at the points X and Y.
Sixth. In an apparatus for determining the yield of raw wool the arrangement
of the knife edge carrier Q which takes up and neutralizes the oppositely acting forces
viz. the pressure of the compressed wool on the first lever B and the force on the
brackets H.
Dated this 3rd day of March 1888
HASELTINE, LAKE & Co.,
45, Southampton Buildings, London,
Agents for the Applicant.