IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR WINDING, DOUBLING, AND TWISTING YARN OR THREAD
Year: 1877

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Boyd, of Shettleston, in the County of Lanark,
North Britain, Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY
FOR WINDING, DOUBLING, AND TWISTING YARN OR THREAD."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Boyd at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 13th November 1877.
JOHN BOYD, of Shettleston, in the County of Lanark, North Britain, Engineer.
" IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR WINDING, DOUBLING, AND TWISTING YARN
OR THREAD."
This Invention comprises various improvements applicable to winding and
doubling machinery similar to or having the same objects as machinery described in
the Specifications of various Patents granted to the present applicant alone or
conjointly with Thomas Alexander Boyd and bearing the following official
numbers; namely No. 2013 of 1866, No. 2367 of 1866, No. 3507 of 1869,
No. 2226 of 1873, No. 4119 of 1874, and No. 790 of 1877.
The present Invention also comprises arrangements or modifications in which
doubling and twisting are combined.
When in winding yarn or thread upon pirns or into cops, conical friction surfaces
formed on discs or wheels on a revolving shaft are arranged to act directly on the
conical surfaces of the pirns or cops, certain details in connection therewith are by
this Invention constructed and arranged in an improved manner.
The pirns are by preference held in inverted vertical positions a little to one side
of the horizontal shaft carrying the winding discs or cones, being kept in position
by loose centres above and by antifriction wheels bearing against the side of the
spindle of the pirn at the inner end of the conical surface. The loose upper centres
are in a cup form and placed on the lower end of vertical spindles which are guided
in eyes in brackets above and are weighted according to the degree of hardness or
compactness to be given to the wound yarn. The centres are made in the form of
DQ77

page_text: cups into which the bottoms of the upper spindles are entered so as to retain a
lubricant without the liability to drop, and they are prevented from falling when
the pirns are removed by collars on them and hooks fixed in the spindles but not
touching the collars when the centres are pressed up into their working positions.
The spindles have pins fixed in them which project into a guide slot in the bracket
and when a spindle is raised it can be held up by turning it so as to move the pin
into a notch provided for the purpose.
The lower antifriction wheels are made with spindles on their under sides which
are entered into long footstep bearings retaining lubricant without liability to drop,
whilst above each wheel there is only a small stop plate to prevent the wheel from
rising.
The antifriction wheel is carried by a bracket formed with front and back
retaining projections between which the spindle of the pirn is placed. The pirn
rises as it fills and when full the point of its spindle gets above the inner retaining
projection of the bracket and moves away clear of the driving disc or cone into a
seat or cavity in which it rests until the pirn is removed by hand.
There may be one or more of the antifriction wheels to each pirn and these or
some of them may bear against the yarn on the pirn.
The shaft carrying the driving dises or cones is by preference driven by means
of varying speed gearing of the kind described in the Specification of Patent
No. 3507 of 1869 one of those herein-before referred to; and when considered
desirable two driving discs or cones driven in opposite directions may be applied to
each pirn or cop.
In the Specification of Patent 790 of 1877 certain detector levers are described
as arranged so that on a yarn or thread breaking or failing the corresponding
detector lever falls and its inner end provided with rubber or other frictional
material comes in contact with the winding drum and has its action thereby
hastened and strengthened.
Instead of the detector levers acting directly on the slip lever which by inter-
posing a slip or plate between the winding drum and bobbin stops the winding
action, such levers are by the present Invention arranged to act, on a bell-crank
catch lever which holds up the front arm of the slip lever, that arm being weighted
or acted on by a spring to make it act on being released from the catch. The
catching part is a pin or projection on the slip-lever arm and enters a slot in the bell
crank which slot is curved so that the slip lever arm in descending moves the bell
crank and by it raises the fallen detector lever or levers up again.
The slip lever may be arranged as formerly but is by preference centered directly
below the winding drum and the slip or plate is rigidly fixed to its back arm or
arms in such a position as on being moved forward between the winding drum and
bobbin to lift the latter slightly upwards and be itself clear of the winding drum
so that the drum does not act frictionally on its under side.
In a second improved detector arrangement the friction-pointed detector levers
are centered on a detector carrier which is mounted so as to be capable of outward
movement against a spring. Each detector is formed with a projection on its under
side which on the lever falling, descends into the way of a rotating shaft formed or
provided with wipers or projections, and this shaft then pushes the lever forward
and with it the detector carrier. The detector carrier by a catch supports the front
arm of the slip lever but the forward movement releases the lever arm and this
arm in descending pushes the detector carrier further forward which takes the
detector levers clear away from the winding drum and from the rotating wiper
shaft.
An important improvement consists in making the catch details of hardened
rectangular metal plates. One such plate is fixed in a vertical position to the
detector carrier and the other is fixed to the slip lever arm so that the under side
of the latter catch plate at one edge bears on the top edge of the catch plate on the
carrier down the face of which the other one slides on being released.
When any
edge of these plates becomes worn the plate can be turned to present a fresh edge

page_text: so that one set of plates will last a very long time, each plate having eight corner
edges.
A third detector arrangement is like the second excepting that there is in it no
rotating wiper shaft. The frictional ends of the detector levers are made solid
instead of the rubber being in the form of a loop as it may be in the preceding
arrangements and the drum moves the detector carrier forward by its action on any
detector lever which falls on its thread breaking or failing.
In a fourth detector arrangement the detector carrier with its levers is mounted
in guides directly under the winding drum and near the centre of the slip lever the
arms of which are curved to clear the guides. The detector levers are reversed in
position and when any one of them falls the front end of it is acted on by one of a
series of cam projections on a rotating shaft and is thereby moved gently back-
wards. This releases the catch holding up the front arm of the slip lever and
thereby causes the stoppage of the winding operation the catch details being
A horizontal wire
reversed as compared with those in preceding modifications.
supports the detector levers when not held up by yarn or thread, and if any one of
a set of levers is not in use it can be placed below this wire and so be out of the
way and not liable to be threaded by mistake.
In a fifth detector arrangement the detector carrier consists of one or more
vertical levers acted on by weighted bell-crank arms the catch plates supporting the.
slip lever arms being on the vertical levers. Or the catch plates may be on a fixed
frame piece and the slip lever be carried by the vertical detector carriers or levers.
The detector levers may on falling be acted on by wipers or cams on rotating
shafts.
In a sixth detector arrangement the detectors are wires hanging on the yarns or
threads and guided on a swinging plate on which is fixed the catch holding up the
slip lever arm. When a yarn or thread breaks or fails the corresponding detector
wire drops so as to get in the way of wipers on a rotating shaft which then through
the wire moves the swinging plate and thereby releases the slip lever.
In the various detector arrangements herein-before described or referred to, the
yarns or threads after passing through the eyes or guides of the detector levers
proceed to overhead pulleys of which there is one to each drum or set of ends, and
thence descend to the bobbins on which they are wound. Instead however of
placing these pulleys on the traverse motion bar they are carried in holders attached
to a fixed rail and each set of ends after passing over or round its pulley proceeds
downwards to and through a guide eye or curl carried by the traverse motion bar
and thence to the bobbin. Each pulley has fixed in it on one side a spindle which
is entered into a socket in the holder which is slightly inclined so that the pulley
has no tendency to fall out. This simple arrangement of the pulleys is convenient
in every way, each pulley being easily drawn out of its socket for oiling or other
purpose.
The improved detector mechanism herein-before described is applicable with
other known devices for stopping the winding action besides those referred to.
When single or more ends of yarn or thread are required to be wound on bobbins,
or wooden or other spindles or tubes in cylindrical layers of varying length so as to
build in a conical form at one or both ends, the traverse movement is by this
Invention varied so as to attain the desired object by the rising movement of the
cradle which holds the bobbin or recipient in contact with the frictional winding
drum. The cradle or holding frame is made with a part on which there is centered
a curved arm having at its extremity the traverse guide for laying the yarn or
thread on the recipient. The curved arm is formed with a slot into which there
projects a pin moved by the ordinary traverse mechanism with an unvarying stroke;
and as the cradle is gradually turned or tilted by the increase in the diameter of the
yarn or thread on the recipient, the change of position causes the pin to act on the
arm at a gradually increasing distance from its centre and consequently gradually
reduces the length of traverse.
If the traversing pin moves the traverse arm to equal distances on each side of

page_text: the rectangular position of the latter both ends of the wound yarn or thread will be
conical; but if the movement is all to one side of the rectangular position one end
will be conical and the other square; and intermediate conditions will make both
ends conical but of different angles.
In order to stop the winding when a predetermined diameter is reached a
weighted lever which can have its centre adjusted for different diameters is
arranged to bear on a part of the cradle frame with a double inclined piece. The
turning or tilting of the cradle as the diameter of the wound yarn or thread
increases lifts the weighted lever until the point of the double incline escapes past
the part acting on it and then the lever descends and by the action of the reverse
incline lifts the wound yarn clear of the winding drum.
In some cases the increase in the diameter of the wound yarn or thread may be
made to have a double effect by arranging a roller to bear against it on the side
opposite to that in contact with the drum such roller being carried by and tilting
or turning a lever which carries the traverse arm.
When combining twisting with the doubling and winding operation any of the
detector arrangements herein-before described may be used but that described as
the fourth is to be preferred on account of its compactness as the whole of the
details for one set of ends can be carried by a small bracket which can be bolted to
a longitudinal rail of the framing.
In one modification the yarn ends are drawn off bobbins arranged vertically in
tiers at the back of the machine when there are winding spindles at one side only
and along the middle when there are spindles at both sides.
From the detectors the [yarn ends pass upwards to the feeding rollers which are
placed overhead and thence descend to the spindle and flyer by which the combined
twisting and winding operation is effected. The drag on the bobbin is produced by
a simple disc weight laid on the top of the bobbin, and the spindle receives its
motion through a spring friction clutch below. The spring of the clutch acts
between a collar on the spindle and the clutch box tending to raise the latter
against the under side of the loose pulley on which the driving belt acts. When
the spindle is to be stopped a forked or bowed lever bears down the spring clutch
box and whilst separating it from the pulley acts frictionally to stop the spindle.
The clutch lever is connected to the main lever of the detector mechanism (the
slip lever of the simple doubling arrangements). Of the overhead feed rollers the
upper one is the driven one and is in stationary bearings, whilst the lower one is
held by a pair of front arms, of a horizontal lever the back arm of which has a
vertical rod adjustably connected to it, the weight of the parts being such as to
press the lower roller up against the other one, excepting when on a yarn end
breaking or failing the main detector lever by a back arm acts on the vertical rod,
thereby lowering the lower roller and stopping the feeding action. A weight or
spring is applied to the clutch lever to effect the various operations which take place
when the detector lever is released from its holding catch.
A combined fast and loose pulley may be substituted for the spring clutch, the
lever for shifting the belt being arranged to stop the spindle when moving the
driving band or cord to the loose pulley.
A modification of the engaging and disengaging mechanism herein-before
described in connection with the doubling and twisting machinery is advantageously
applicable to reels for winding yarns or threads into hanks and skeins, being in such
case arranged in connection with the counting and dividing mechanism so as to
stop the reel on the predetermined quantity being wound. And in order to stop the
reel when any one of the yarn ends that are being wound on it, breaks or fails there
is adapted to the reeling machine a modification of the detector mechanism herein-
before described. In this modification the detector levers for the several ends that
are being wound on one reel are all carried on upright arms on a single rocking
shaft, and when any detector lever falls it is acted on by a revolving cam shaft
which moving it horizontally makes it turn the rocking shaft sufficiently to take a
catch lever off the fixed catch. The catch lever in descending turns the rocking

page_text: shaft a little further so as to take all the detector levers out of the way of the
revolving cam shaft, whilst one end of the catch lever acts through a rod on the
spring engaging and disengaging lever so as to stop the notion of the reel; This
modification of the detector mechanism is applicable in any winding or spinning
machinery when it is wished to stop the winding motion on the breakage or failure
of any one of a large or small number of ends whether all are being wound on the
same reel, spindle, pirn, or bobbin or not.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said John Boyd in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 13th May.
1878.
JOHN BOYD, of Shettleston, in the County of Lanark, North Britain, Engineer.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR WINDING, DOUBLING, AND TWISTING YARN
OR THREAD."
My said Invention comprises various improvements applicable to winding and
doubling machinery similar to or having the same object as machinery described in
the Specifications of various Patents granted to me alone or conjointly with Thomas
Alexander Boyd, and bearing the following official numbers namely; No. 2013 of
1866, No. 2367 of 1866, No. 3507 of 1869, No. 2226 of 1873, No. 4119 of 1874, and
No. 790 of 1877.
My present Invention also comprises arrangements or modifications in which
doubling and twisting are combined.
And in order that ny said Invention and the manner of performing the same
may be properly and most easily understool I will at once proceed to particularly
describe the various improvements comprised in it with the aid of four Sheets of
explanatory Drawings which are hereunto appended and which are herein-after
referred to, the same reference numerals being used to mark the same or like parts
wherever they are repeated.
When in winding yarn or thread upon pirns or into cops, conical friction surfaces
formed on discs or wheels on a revolving shaft or shafts are arranged to act directly
on the conical surfaces of the pirns or cops certain details in connection therewith
are by my present Invention constructed and arranged in an improved manner, as
shown according to one modification in Figures, 1, 2, 3, on Sheet, 1, of the accom-
panying Drawings.
Figures 1, 2, 3, are, respectively, a front elevation, a sectional side elevation, and a
plan. In this arrangement each pirn, 1, is by preference held, as shown, in an inverted
vertical position a little to one side of the horizontal shaft, 2, carrying the winding
dise or cone, 3, being kept in position by a loose centre, 4, above, and by an anti-
friction wheel, 5, bearing against the side of the spindle at the pirn, 1, at the inner end
of the conical surface. Each loose upper centre, 4, is in a cup form and is placed on
the lower end of a vertical spindle, 6, which is guided in eyes in a bracket, 7, fixed to
an-upper rail, 8, (which with the-parts-carried by-it-is-not-shown-iu-Figure,-3)-and

page_text: weights, 9, are applied to the top of the spindle, 6, according to the degree of hard-
ness or compactness to be given to the wound yarn. The centres, 4, are made in
the form of cups into which the bottoms of the upper spindles are entered so as to
retain a lubricant without a liability to drop, and they are prevented from falling
when the pirns are removed by collars on them, and hooks, 10, fixed in the spindles, 6,
but not touching the collars when the centres are pressed up into their working
positions. Each spindle, 6, has fixed in it a pin, 11, which projects into a guide slot
in the bracket, 7, and when a spindle is raised it can be held up by turning it so as
to move the pin, 11, into a lateral notch at the top of the guide slot. The slot is
indicated by dotted lines in Figure, 1. Each lower antifriction wheel, 5, is made with
a long spindle on its under side which is entered into a long footstep hearing, 12,
retaining lubricant without liability of dropping, whilst above each wheel, 5, there is
only a small stop plate, 13, to prevent the wheel from rising but which scarcely
touches its spindle when in position.
The antifriction wheel, 5, is carried by a bracket, 14, formed at the side nearest the
winding cone, 3, with front and back retaining projections between which the spindle
of the pirn, 1, is placed. The pirn, 1, rises as it fills, and when full the point of its
spindle gets above the inner retaining projection on the bracket, 14, and moves away
clear of the winding cone, 3, into a seat or cavity formed on the bracket and in
which it rests until the pirn is removed by hand.
There may be one or more of the antifriction wheels (5) to each pirn (1) and these
wheels or some of them may be arranged to bear against the yarn on the pirn.
The shaft, 2, carrying the driving or winding discs or cones, 3, is by preference
driven by means of varying speed gearing of the kind described in the Specification
of Patent No. 3507 of 1869, one of those herein-before referred to.
Figures, 4, and 5, are a front elevation and a sectional side elevation of a modifi-
cation in which two oppositely driven conical wheels or discs, 15, are applied to each
pirn, 1. These wheels, 15, run loosely on spindles, 16, fixed in brackets, 17, and their
bosses are formed with grooved parts for driving cords from a drum one of the cords
being crossed to give the reversed motion. In this arrangement the pirn, 1, is placed
in a vertical (or other) plane passing through the axis of the wheels, 15, and the
spindle of the pirn is prevented from displacement by a forked guide bracket, 18.
At the side at which the yarn or thread is led upon the pirn the bracket, 18, is
formed with a slightly recessed shoulder and outer projection as indicated by dotted
lines in Figure, 5, and on the pirn becoming filled and raised up the point of the
spindle gets upon the shoulder and the pirn thus rests without being further driven
until removed by hand.
In the Specification of Patent No. 790, of 1877, one of those herein-before re-
ferred to, certain detector levers are described as arranged so that on a yarn or thread
breaking or failing, the corresponding detector lever falls and its inner end provided
with rubber or other frictional material comes in contact with the winding drum
and has its action thereby hastened and strengthened.
An improved modification of such apparatus is shown in transverse vertical
section in Figure, 6, and in this arrangement instead of the detector levers, 19, acting
directly on the slip lever, 20, which lever by interposing a slip or plate, 21, between
the winding drum, 22, and bobbin, 23, stops the winding action, such levers, 19, (of
which there are as many as there are threads or ends to be "doubled" or com-
bined although only one is seen in the Figure) are by my present Invention ar-
ranged to act on a bell-crank catch lever, 24, which holds up the front arin, 25, of the
slip lever, 20, that arm being weighted (or it might be acted on by a spring) to
make it act on being released from the catch. The catching part is a pin or pro-
jection on the slip lever arm, 25, entered into a slot in the bell crank, 24, which
slot is curved so that the slip lever arm, 25, in descending moves the bell crank and by
it raises the fallen detector lever or levers, 19, up again.
•
The slip lever, 20, may be arranged as formerly but is by preference centered
directly below the winding drum, 22, and the slip or plate, 21, is rigidly fixed
to it in such a position as on being moved forward between the winding drum, 22,

page_text: and bobbin, 23, to lift the latter slightly upwards and be itself clear of the winding
drum so that the drum does not act frictionally on its under side.
In a second improved arrangement which is shown in transverse vertical section
in Figure, 7, the friction pointed detector levers, 19, are centered on a detector
carrier, 26, which is mounted so as to be capable of outward movement against a
spring, 27. Each detector lever, 19, is formed with a projection on its under side
which on the lever falling descends into the way of a rotating shaft, 28, formed or
provided with wipers or projections and this shaft, 28, then pushes the lever, 19,
forward and with it the detector carrier, 26. The detector carrier, 26, by a catch, 29,
supports the front arm, 25, of the slip lever, 20, but the forward movement just
described as occurring when a detector lever falls through the breaking or failing of
a thread, releases the lever arm, 25, and this arm in descending pushes the detector
carrier, 26 further forward, which takes the detector levers, 19, clear away from the
winding drum, 22, and from the rotating wiper shaft, 28. The detector carrier, 26,
is supported at its inner end by vertical links or levers, 30, jointed to fixed studs or
pins whilst its front end is formed with a tongue which is entered into a slot in a
steel plate, 27, which is thus both a support and a spring.
An important improvement shown applied in this and other modifications,
consists in making the catch details of hardened rectangular metal plates. One such
plate, 29, seen in edge view in Figure, 7, is fixed in a vertical position to the detector
carrier, 26, and the other, 31, is fixed in a suitable position to the slip lever arm, 25,
so that the under side of the latter catch plate, 31, at one edge bears on the top edge
of the catch plate, 29, on the carrier, 26, and on being released the one, 31, slides
down the face of the other, 29, the positions being such relatively to the centre of
the lever arm, 25, that this descent of the catch plate, 31, pushes forward the detector
carrier, 26, as herein-before described. When any edge of these catch plates, 29, 31,
becomes worn the plate can be turned to present a fresh edge so that one set of
plates will last a very long time, each plate having eight corner edges.
ו
A third detector arrangement is shown in Figures, 8, 9, on Sheet, 2, of the
a transverse vertical section
Drawings, but principally in Figure, 9, which
Figure, 8, being a front view. This arrangement is like the second (Figure 7) ex-
cepting that there is in it no rotating wiper shaft (28). The frictional ends of the
detector levers, 19, are made solid instead of the rubber being in the form of a loop,
as it may be in the preceding arrangement and the drum, 22, moves the detector
carrier, 26, forward by its action on any detector lever, 19, which falls on its thread
breaking or falling.
In a fourth detector arrangement shown in transverse vertical section in Figure, 10
the detector carrier, 26, with its levers, 19, is mounted in guides, 32, 33, directly under
the winding drum, 22, and near the centre of the slip lever, the arms of which, 20, 25.
are curved to clear the guides, 32, 33. The detector levers, 19, are reversed in position,
and when any one of them falls, the front end of it is acted on by one of a series of
cam projections on a rotating shaft, 28, and is thereby moved gently backwards,
This releases the catch, 31, holding up the front arm, 25, of the slip lever, and thereby
causes the stoppage of the winding operation, the catch details, 29, 31, being re-
versed as compared with those, in the preceding modifications. A horizontal wire,
34, supports the detector levers, 19, when not held up by yarn or thread, and if any
one of a set of levers, 19, is not in use it can be placed below this wire and so be
out of the way and not liable to be threaded by mistake.
In a fifth detector arrangement shown with slight variations in Figures 11,
12, 13, the detector carrier consists of one or more vertical levers, 36, acted on by
weighted bell-crank arms, 37, the catch plates, 29, supporting the slip lever arms, 25,
being on the vertical levers, 36, as shown in Figures 11, 12. Or the catch plates, 29,
may be on a fixed frame piece, 38, and the slip lever, 25, 20, be carried by the
vertical levers, 36, as shown in Figure, 13. The detector levers, 19, may on falling
be acted on by wipers or cams ou rotating shafts, 28.
In a sixth detector arrangement which is shown in Figure, 14, the detectors are-
wires, 39, hanging on the yarns or threads and guided on a swinging plate, 40),

page_text: carried by a horizontal wire or rod and having fixed on it the catch plate, 29,
holding up the slip lever arm, 25. When a yarn or thread breaks or fails the corre-
sponding detector wire, 39, drops so as to get in the way of wipers on a rotating shaft,
28, which then by acting on the wire moves the swinging plate, 40, and thereby releases
the slip lever, 25, 20.
With reference to this sixth detector arrangement I may
here remark that I do not claim the combination of the swinging plate with the
detector wires and rotating wiper shaft, but merely the application to that combi-
nation of the catch plates, 29, 31, with their arrangement in relation to the lever, 25,
whereby on being released the lever, 25, in turning pushes the detector wires, 39,
clear of the wiper shaft, 28.
In the various detector arrangements herein-before described or referred to, the
yarns or threads after passing through the eyes, curls or guides of the detector
levers, 19, or wires, 39, are by my present Invention made to proceed as shown in
Figures, 8, and 9, already herein-before referred to. The yarns or threads which
are shown by peculiarly dotted lines proceed from the detectors, 19, to overhead
pulleys, 41, of which there is one to each drum, 22, or set of ends, and thence descend
to the bobbins, 23, on which they are wound. Instead however of placing these
pulleys, 41, on the traverse motion bar as in a formed arrangement, they are carried
in holders, 42, attached to a fixed rail; and each set of ends after passing over or
round its pulley, 41, proceeds downwards to and through a guide eye or curl, 43,
carried by the traverse motion bar, 44, and thence to the bobbin, 23. Each pullery, 41,
has fixed in it on one side a spindle which is entered into a socket in the holder, 42,
which is slightly inclined so that the pulley has no tendency to fall out. This
simple arrangement of the pulleys is convenient in every way, each pulley being
easily drawn out of its socket for oiling or other purpose.
My improvel detector mechanism herein-before described is applicable with
other known devices for stopping the winding action besides those referred to.
When single or more ends of yarn or thread are required to be wound on bobbins,
or wooden, or other spindles, or tubes, in cylindrical layers of varying lengths so as
to build in a conical form at one or both ends, the traverse movement is by my
Invention varied so as to attain the desired object by the rising movement of the
cradle which holds the bobbin or recipient, 23, in contact with the frictional winding
drum, 22. The arrangement for effecting this is shown in plan in Figures, 15, and
in transverse vertical section in Figure, 16. The cradle or holding frame, 45, is made
with a part, 46, on which there is centered a curved arm, 47, having at its extremity
the traverse guide, 48, for laying the yarn or thread on the recipient, 23.
curved arm, 47, is formed with a slot into which there projects a pin, 49, moved by
the bar, 44, of the ordinary traverse mechanism, with an unvarying stroke; and as
the cradle, 45, is gradually turned or tilted by the increase in the diameter of the
yarn or thread on the recipient, 23, the change of position causes the pin, 49, to act
on the arm, 47, at a gradually increasing distance from its centre, and consequently
gradually reduces the length of traverse.
The
If the traversing pin, 49, moves the arm, 47, to equal.distances on each side of the
rectangular position of the latter, both ends of the wound yarn or thread will be
conical as shown in Figure, 15; but if the parts are arranged so that the movement
is all to one side of the rectangular position one end will be conical and the other
square; and intermediate conditions of arrangement will make both ends conical
but of different angles.
In order to stop the winding when a predetermined diameter is reached a
weighted lever, 50, which can have its centre adjusted for different diameters is
arranged to bear on part of the cradle frame, 45, 46, with a double inclined piece, 51.
The turning up or tilting of the cradle as the diameter of the wound yarn or thread
increases lifts the weighted lever, 50, until the point of the double incline, 51, escapes
past the part acting on it, and then the lever, 50, descends, and by the action of the
reverse incline lifts the recipient, 23, with the wound yarn or thread clear of the
winding drum, 22.
"
In some cases the increase in the diameter of the wound yarn or thread may be

page_text: inade to have a double effect by arranging a roller to bear against it on the side
opposite to that in contact with the drum, 22, such roller being carried by and tilting
or turning a lever which carries the traverse arm, 47.
When combining twisting with the doubling and winding operation any of my
improved detector arrangements herein-before described may be used, but that
described as the fourth, (Figure, 10) is to be preferred on account of its compactness,
and as the whole of the details for one set of ends can be carried by a small bracket,
52, Figure 17, Sheet, 3, of the Drawings, which bracket can be bolted to a longitu-
dinal rail, 53, of the framing.
In one modification of combined doubling and twisting mechanism shown in
transverse vertical section in Figure, 17, the yarn ends or threads are drawn off
bobbins, 54, arranged vertically in tiers at the back of the machine when there are
winding spindles at one side only, and along the middle when there are spindles at
both sides.
From the detector levers, 19, the yarn ends, shown by peculiarly dotted lines, pass
upwards to the feeding rollers, 55, 56, which are placed overhead, and thence descend
to the spindle, 57, and flyer, 58, by which the combined twisting and winding opera-
tiou is effected. The drag on such bobbin 23, is produced by a simple disc weight, 59,
laid ou the top of the bobbin; and the spindle, 57, receives its motion through a spring
friction clutch, 60, below. The spring is contained within the clutch, 60, and acts
between a collar, 61, fixed on the spindle, 57, and the clutch tending to raise the
clutch up against the under side of the loose pulley, 62, on which the driving belt
acts. This pulley, 62, is between the clutch, 60, and a collar fast on the spindle, 57,
and washers leather or other suitable frictional material are applied above and
below the pulley so that it is securely gripped between the collar and the clutch, 60,
when the latter is pressed upwards by its spring. When the spindle, 57, is to be
stopped a forked or bowed lever, 63, bears down the spring clutch, 60, and whilst
separating it from the pulley, 62, acts frictionally to stop the spindle. The parts
which bear on the flauge of the clutch are blocks of wood secured in wedge-shaped
and dovetail sockets formed in the sides of the lever piece, 63.
The clutch lever, 63, is connected by a rod, 64, to the main lever, 25, of the detector
mechanism (corresponding to the slip lever 25, 20, of the simple doubling arrange-
ments). Of the overhead feed rollers the upper one, 55, is the driven one and is in
stationary bearings, whilst the lower one 56, is held by the front arm, 65, of a
horizontal lever the back arm, 66, of which has a vertical rod, 67, adjustably connected
to it, the weights of the parts being such as to press the lower roller, 56, up against
the other one, 55, excepting when on a yarn end breaking or failing, the main
detector lever, 25, by a back arm, 68, acts on the vertical rod, 67, thereby lowering
the lower roller, 56, and stopping the feeding action. A weight, 69, or it might
be a spring, is applied to the clutch lever, 63, sufficient for effecting the various
operations which take place when the main detector lever, 25, is released from the
holding catch, 29.
Figure, 18, is a transverse vertical section of a modification of the combined
doubling and twisting mechanism in which there is substituted for the spring
clutch, 60, a combination of a fast pulley, 70, and a loose one, 71. The loose pulley, 71,
is beneath the fast one and its boss runs in a cup, 72, fixed on the spindle. A fork, 73,
adjustably attached to the rod, 64, of the stopping mechanism is used for shifting
the driving cord from one puiley to the other, and it does this without difficulty
although each pulley is formed with a groove for it. The weighted lever, 63, (the
clutch lever of the preceding modification) bears on a screw nut on the rod, 64, and
when lowered its bowed or forked part bears on the top of the fast pulley, 70, and
acts frictionally to stop the spindle. In order to admit the spindle into its place
with the pulley, 70, and cup, 72, fixed on it the bearing in the neck rail, 74, is fitted
with a cover, 75, which has also formed in the same piece with it the bracket carrying
the fulcrum of the lever, 63.
A modification of any engaging and disengaging mechanism herein-before described
in connection with the doubling and twisting machinery is advantageously appli-

page_text: cable to reels for winding yarns or threads into hanks or skeins, being in such case
arranged in connection with the counting and dividing mechanism so as to stop the
reel on the predetermined quantity being wound. And in order to stop the reel
when any one of the yarn ends that are being wound on it, breaks or fails, there is
adapted to the reeling machine a modification of my improved detector mechanism
herein-before described.
Figures, 19, and 20, on Sheet 4, of the Drawings are respectively a sectional plan
and a transverse vertical section showing as much of a reeling machine as is
necessary for explaining the application of my improvements. This machine of
the kind in which two or more reels, 76, run independently of each other on fixed
overhung spindles or long studs, 77, one such spindle, 77, being shown in Figure, 19,
as fixed in the middle framing, 78, of the machine and extending in both directions
so that each end may serve for a separate reel, 76. This construction admits of the
hanks or skeins being conveniently taken off the overhung ends of the reels as is
well understood.
The end boss, 79, of each reel is formed with an elongated part upon which
nearest the reel, is placed the spring clutch, 60, whilst on its end there is screwed
the boss of a disc or wheel, 80, the circumference of which has a screw thread formed
on it for working the counting mechanism. On the boss of the wheel, 80, and
between that wheel, and the clutch, 60, there is loosely fitted a spur wheel, 62, which
is in gear with a spur wheel, 81, fast on a shaft having on it a pulley, 82, for a
driving belt.
Washers of leather or other frictional inaterial are applied on each side of the
loose spur wheel, 62, and when the spring of the clutch, 60, is free to act it causes the
spur wheel, 62, to be gripped between the wheel, 80, and the clutch, 60, and the reel,
76, is in consequence carried round with that spur wheel. When however the clutch
lever, 63, presses the clutch, 60, towards the reel, the spring is compressed and a
stopping or braking pressure is applied to the boss, 79, of the reel, whilst the grip of
the spur wheel, 62, is released and that spur wheel then rotates without turning the
reel. The lever, 63, moves horizontally upon a vertical fulcrum pin on a bracket, 83,and
is drawn in the direction for disengaging and stopping the reel by a cord, 84, passing
over a pulley to a spring, or it might be a weight. A catch, 85, holds the clutch
lever, 63, when the winding operation is proceeding properly, and the lever is lifted
clear of the catch when a thread breaks or fails, by a rod 86, jointed to and hanging
down from its under side.
The detector levers, 19, for the several ends that are being wound on one reel, 76,
are all carried on upright arms, 36, on a single rocking shaft, 87, and when any
detector lever 19, falls it is acted on by a revolving cam shaft, 28, which moving it
horizontally makes it turn the rocking shaft 87, sufficiently to take the catch plate,
31, of a catch lever, 25, off the fixed catch plate, 29. The catch lever, 25, in descending
turns the rocking shaft, 87, a little further, so as to take all the detector levers, 19,
out of the way of the revolving cam shaft, 28, whilst an inner arm, 88,, formed in
one piece with the catch lever, 25, pushes up the rod, 86, of the clutch lever, 63, and
thereby causes the stoppage of the reel.
The rod, 86, is made elastically flexible so as on the clutch lever, 63, being placed
against the catch, 85, before the catch lever arm, 88, is depressed to bend side-
ways; it however recovers its proper position whenever the arm, 88, is depressed.
This arrangement allows the worker to start the reel and keep the detector
mechanism unset until all the yarn ends become equally tight.
This last-described modification of my improved detector mechanism is applicable
in any winding or spinning machinery when it is wished to stop the winding
motion of a large or small number of ends on the breakage or failure of any one
of the ends, whether all are being wound on the same reel, spindle, pirn, or
bobbin or not.
Having thus particularly described my said Invention and the manner of per-
forming the same I have to state that I do not restrict myself to the precise details
herein described or delineated but that what I believe to be novel and original

page_text: and claim as the Invention secured to me by the herein-before in part recited Letters
Patent is
1. The improved arrangement of parts for winding yarn or thread upon pirns or
into cops by means of conical surfaces with axes at right angles to the axes of the
pirns or cop spindles, wherein the pirns or cop spindles are retained by loose centres
(4) on weighted non-rotating spindles (6) and by antifriction wheels (5) substan-
tially in the manner herein-before described with reference to Figures 1, 2, 3, on the
accompanying Drawings.
2. The construction and arrangement of the antifriction wheel (5) with a spindle
projecting on one side only and entered into a comparatively long bearing socket as
berein-before described.
3. The arrangement of two oppositely rotating conical surfaces for winding yarn
or thread on a pirn or into cops the axis of such surfaces being at right angles to the
pirn as herein-before described with reference to Figures 4, and 5.
4. The constructing and arranging or combining of the detector levers (19) bell
crank (24) and slip lever arm (25) substantially in the manner and for the purposes
herein-before described with reference to Figure, 6.
5. The fixing of the slip (21) rigidly to its lever (20) and arranging them so as
to lift the bobbin (23) and move the slip clear of the winding drum (22) as herein-
before described.
6. The mounting of the detector levers, (19), on a carrier (26) or (36) which by
catches supports the front arm (25) of the slip lever or equivalent part, and which is
moved to release the catches by the action of a wiper or cam shaft (28) or of its
equivalent or of the winding drum (22) on a fallen detector lever, whilst the catching
parts are arranged relatively to the centre of the slip-lever arm (25) so as on their
release to cause the further movement of the detector levers away from the shaft (28)
or drum (22) as berein-before described with reference to Figure, 7, to 12.
7. The arranging of the parts in the manner referred to in claim No. 6, but with
one of the catches (29) on a fixed piece (38) as herein-before described with reference
to Figure, 13.
8. The arranging of the parts in the manner referred to in claim No. 6, but with
hanging guide wires (39) and swinging plate (40) substituted for the detector levers
(19) and carrier (26) or (36) as herein-before described with reference to Figure, 14.
9. The construction adaptation, and use of the catch plates (29, 31) of hardened
metal substantially in the manner and for the purposes herein-before described with
reference to Figures, 7, to 14.
10. The construction arrangement and mode of mounting of the pulleys (41) sub-
stantially as and for the purposes herein-before described with references to Figures,
8, and 9.
11. The arranging or combining together of parts for laying yarn or thread in
cylindrical layers of varying length whilst being wound, substantially in the improved
nanner herein-before described with reference to Figures 15, and 16.
12. The combination of parts herein-before described with reference to Figure, 17,
for the combined operations of doubling twisting and winding.
13. The arrangement and mode of action of the spring friction clutch (60) in com.
bination with the parts having their action controlled by it substantially as and for
the purposes herein-before described with reference to Figures 17, 19, and 20.
14. The arrangement and mode of action of the fast and loose pulleys (70, 71) in
combination with the lever (63) and with the parts baving their action controlled
thereby substantially as and for the purposes herein-before described with reference
to Figure, 18.
15. The arrangement of the parts whereby the feed or supply of yarn or thread
is stopped by lowering the undriven feed roller (56) away from the driven one (55)
substantially as and for the purposes herein-before described with reference to
Figure, 17.
16. The combining of the driving gearing and spring clutch details substantially

page_text: in the improved manner herein-before described with reference to Figures, 19,
and 20.
17. The arranging and combining together of the detector and motion stopping
details in the modified manner herein-before described with reference to Figures, 19,
and 29.
In witness whereof I, the said, John Boyd, have hereunto set my hand and
seal this Tenth day of May in the year of our Lord One thousand eight
hundred and seventy-eight.
Witness
EDMUND HUNT
Patent Agent
Glasgow.
JOHN BOYD. (L.S.)