AN IMPROVED TELEGRAPH."
Year: 1874

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Edward Fanning Kingsley, of No. 3, Bedford
Place, Russell Square, in the County of Middlesex, for the In-
vention of "AN IMPROVED TELEGRAPH." -A communication from
abroad by Merritt Gally, of Rochester, New York State, United States:
of America.
Scaled the 18th September 1874, and dated the 19th March 1874.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Edward Fanning
Kingsley at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
his Petition, on the 19th March 1874.
I, EDWARD FANNING KINGSLEY, of No. 3, Bedford Place, Russell
Square, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED, TELEGRAP¤,” a communication from
abroad by Merritt Gally, of Rochester, New York State; United States of
America, to be as follows:-
•

page_text: Fifthly. In a key
as above, adapted to dial or printing receivers.
"
GENERAL DESCRIPTION.
I. Some of the difficulties experienced in the use of the "dial tele-
graph have been the weariness occasioned by the movement of the
winch key of the manipulator, caused not only by the constant circular 3
movement of the hand, but its cramped position in endeavoring to
avoid covering the index from sight upon certain portions of the dial;
also the difficulty of constantly following the pointer or winch by the.

page_text: eye in their circular motion, causing not only a tiresome circular movo-
ment of the cyc, but also of the entire head.
In the "Combined Dial and Printing Telegraph," with dial for eye and
hammer key for hand, nearly as great difficulties arise, as the eye is not
relieved, and although the movement of the hand is improved the
operator's attention is divided between two distinct and different objects,
which is difficult and tiresome.
In order to avoid the difficulties mentioned, and also to secure a simple
key and index which may be used in connection with any of the different
systems of telegraphing, I furnish the manipulator with a sliding key,
which is made to slide forward and back to any letter of the index by a
short and easy fore-arm movement. The index has a very short range,
is in direct line with the eye, and may be entirely viewed at a glance.
Either of the keys is used with the entire index (as will herein-after be
fully explained) for continuous manipulation, the object of placing the
index in two lines being to separate the letters for more distinct
vision.
The construction of the slide may be variously modified.
"
The construction of the key makes the manipulator adapted to any
of the different systems of telegraphing, and may be used for any or all,
as the case may demand, and still require only a single stroke of the.
finger key to produce à letter, cither by sound, record, or print. Through.
the body of the key, which forms part of the slide, is a moveable stem.
and finger piece. This finger piece may be depressed, and is returned by
a spring as is usually applied to keys. To the body of the key under the
slide is pivoted a double circuit connector, one end of which makes con-
nection with the several conductors in line below it in its forward move-
ment, and acting also as a stop pawl to prevent a backward motion untilļ
the forward traverse is completed. The connector is reversed upon its
pivot by striking an inclined cam, when a reversed movement of the.
slide is allowed. The manipulator is thus applied to the common "dial.
receiver." The index however is required to be reversed on the back-
ward movement of the slide, and for this purpose I make a double index,
the indices being in reverse order. The double index rocks upon pivots, .
reversed alphabets alternately showing through an opening in the body
of the keyboard. Pins alternately striking against cams thus rock tho ›
index upon pivots. A common "dial receiver" may now be read by:

page_text: simply stopping the key at the required letter of the manipulating index..
Under the stem of the key is a line of conductors for giving by a
depression of the finger piece a stronger pulsation if required at the
letter of a printing receiver, or for throwing in pulsations between those.
of other conductors.
If the instruments are operated automatically by synchronous move-
ments the line of conductors may be used alone, indicating to such
instruments by their position the character to be recorded. I also place
upon the stem of the finger piece a number of spring connectors. These
connectors are made to connect with groups of the conductors in the
track of the slide corresponding to the combination of dots required to
form Morse letters corresponding to the letters of the index.
By a depression of the finger piece at any given letter connection is
made with its group of conductors, and the entire letter is thus trans-
mitted by a single pressure. I use in connection therewith devices for
holding the key fixed in position during its proper time of transmission,
and preventing its being depressed at an improper time, but being sub-
stancially similar to those of my former Patents do not require full
description in this connection.
II. In useing a receiver in connection with a motor a stop usually occurs
before each entire revolution of the instrument in order to allow the
operator to have struck the key of his manipulator to indicate the letter
to be received; otherwise the first letter of the series in each succeeding
revolution would either be lost or imperfectly manipulated.
In a former Patent I described a division of the series of characters,
the parts to be alternately manipulated to avoid delay; and although
giving much more time for the manipulation, and avoiding the stops,
this plan restricts certain characters to certain times for manipulation.
I wish now to allow the operator all the time to perform his manipu-
lation without confusion, thus enabling him to greatly increase the
speed of his instruments. For this purpose I use a pair of single keys
or 2 sets of keys when the keys are arranged in groups indicating
different letters. Each key of the pair works in connection with the
entire index. The keys alternate in their action with alternating revo-
lutions of the instrument, and are operated alternately by single hand
or with right and left hand at pleasure. Sounder, printer, or recorder
may be used as receiver. '

page_text: The operation is as follows:-For example, a printing receiver is being
used. During a single turn of the type wheel, while it is recording the.
character indicated by the position of one key of the manipulator, the
other key is brought into position for the next revolution of the wheel,
and vice versa.
The moter of the manipulator connects alternately the
keys at succeeding revolutions of the transmitting circuit. A pointer
vibrates between the 2 keys, and indicates alternately which may be
manipulated. Thus the operator may have all the time in which to
move one or the other key for the next desired letter. By striking a
number of keys of either group in the order they occur on the type
wheel, and being always able to work the keys of one or the other
group, great speed may be attained and a large amount of matter trans.
mitted.
III. It is often of great importance to preserve a copy of a message
as actually transmitted not only at the office where the message is
received, but also at the office from which it is sent, whether it is trans-
mitted for sounder, dial, or printed. For this purpose I furnish the
sliding key with a printing copics, which preserves a printed' copy or
copies of the message whatever may be the character of the transmission.
The copies is made double for preserving two copies from a single
manipulation, and owing to its peculiar construction may be still further
multiplied. Cylinders receive the paper upon which the impressions are
to be made, and are turned by pawls, the line of printing, being around,
their circumference. The body of the slide way forms a lever, the
fulcrum of which is a rock shaft. The type wheels turn in bearings in
the lever on the opposite side of the fulcrum from the slide, and are
furnished with spur wheels which mesh into a rack. This is attached
to a sliding key, and as the key is slid back or forth the letter of the
index to which it is moved corresponds with the character of the type
wheels projected toward the paper cylinders. As the finger piece of the
key is depressed the supporting lever is also depressed, and the type'
wheels are brought in contact with the paper.
I have already Patented a paper cylinder having its line of printing*
around its circumference and a longitudinal movement for placing. the
position of the lines. These cylinders however (first described) have no
longitudinal movement. In order to place the position of each succeeding:
line the printing mechanism is moved the distance of the width of a
line upon a rock. shaft, a binding spring, being moved a notch to the

page_text: right or left for each entire line until the copy is complete. This move-
ment is not for printing lines longitudinally upon the cylinder with a
movement after each impression with á necessary traverse and return of
the printer the entire length of the cylinder for each line. Such
mechanisms are already in use, and their defects, causing loss of time
and extensive movements, are apparent without comment. With the
mechanism described one traverse of the printer the length of the
cylinder completes an entire page without any return movements.
IV. I use with this printer an improved type wheel furnished with
two lines of characters, either of which may be used at will upon the
same printing line. This type wheel has two faces inclined in respect
to each other, the line of the faces being both tangent to a circle struck
from the centre of the wheel, the plane of the circle being at right angles
to the line of the wheel shaft. By making the wheel vibrate slightly
from side to side upon its centres either line of types may be brought
into printing position upon a common printing line.
Thus a large
number of characters (letters, numerals, &c.), may be placed upon a
small wheel, which may be made to shift from line to line by a single
impluce. In using such type wheels I make them vibrate from face to
face by means of cross centres in a journal bearing. These cross centres
allow them to be rocked slightly from side to side, thus bringing either
face of the type wheels into line. When next employed as transmitter
the copies may be used for general type writing or for copying sound
messages as received. It is also used as printing receiver, actuated by a
type wheel and printing magnet, producing two copies of the received.
message.
The double type wheel motor has but a single armature, being supplied
with two actuating lever arms, cach propelling its wheel. The receiving
index is operated as follows:-The armature motor turns wheels which
carry a belt, upon which are a number of points which successively
traverse a slot at the side of the index, stopping at the letter to be.
read.
V. The connecting device for correcting the time of the movements of
the instrument in order that a number may be operated synchronously
has a fixed hub attached to the motor shaft under which is a loose
wheel; pivoted to this wheel at its disc is a lever extending around the
hub on the opposite side of wheel; attached to the wheel is a circuit.

page_text: friction spring, which cither acts as a circuit connector for a circular
circuit closer, or as a friction propellor for a type wheel, as the case
may be. Attached to the lever near its pivot is a spring which is set by
means of a set screw; a friction presser attached to the lever is made to
press more or less against the hub by the tension of a spring and a set
screw is brought near to the presser but not in contact.
The object of the device described is to allow correction of timo
of the wheel without affecting the speed of the hub, and operates as
follows: The friction presser is set by its screw sufficiently tight to
accomplish its work; the set screw is then turned until the action of the.
spring causes the presser to bind more strongly upon the hub than the
spring upon its bearings. It will be seen that the revolution of the hub
will now carry with it the wheel. If however the lever stopped by a
magnet the wheel will be stopped for the time, and as the lever has greater
leverage upon the presser than the spring the hub will be relieved and
continue its revolutions. To prevent acceleration of the speed of the
hub by thus relieving it of its working friction I set the set screw so
that the presser can be only partially relieved, and so that the remaining
friction of the presser will be exactly equal to that of the friction from
which the hub is relieved by stopping the wheel. Thus the wheel may
be stopped and again started at any time without in the least degree
affecting the speed of the motion hub, and the time of the circuit closer
or type wheel be corrected. If the hub. is revolved in connection with a
heavy pendulum or fly wheel the mechanism may be modified by making
the wheel fast to a shaft and leaving the hub loose. In such case the
stopping of the lever will relieve the hub, and the momentum of the
pendulum or fly wheel will carry it forward for the correction, and as
soon as the lever is set free again the mechanism will move with its
usual resistance. The device as described forms a friction balance
escapement for preserving to the motor its usual resistance while cor-
recting instruments as to unison.
VI. I use two lines of conductors in the circuit closer. One line is
double, and by its spring which is insulated from the spring connecting
with the other line connections are made for a local circuit. This circuit
connects with the magnet which propels the type wheel or other indicator
of the receiver, and is always mechanically in unison with the main linė
circuit closer although otherwise independent of it. The double conductor
may correspond in position upon the curve with the otliers, or may fall

page_text: between them as the case may demand. Conductors are used for trans-
mitting the pulsations through the main line which are to be recorded
by the receiver, and if the receiver be a printer they affect the impression
magnet.
VII. The instrument may be used either for single or multiplex
transmission. I have already patented a circuit closer for single trans-
mission in connection with sub-circuits and switches for multiplex
transmission: The improved features however are as follows :—First,
the armature lever is made adjustable so that it may be set to different
positions so that the conductors of the circuit closers of the different
instruments occupy different relative positions during their revolutions,
and thus use different pulsations passed through the main line; the
small lever is made of spring materials and is pivoted, and a spur holds
the spring lever by being set in a hole in the body of the armature lever;
there are different holes for different adjustments. Second, instead of
using different switches for the transmitting, receiving, and line divisions
of the circuit I use a group of single switches, cach having a group of
three buttons) the first of each group setting its switch to the trans-
mitter, the second to the line, and the third to the receiver.
VIII. I have already patented a safety circuit with contrifugal circuit
connector for cutting out the instrument from the main line in case of
accident or irregularity. An improved form however is made and
operates as follows:-A slotted winch for the pendulum is furnished
with a non-conducting guard, a portion of the conducting material
of the winch being cut away at that point. The stem of the pendulum
stands between the faces of the guard when the motor is at its proper
speed. It the motor be stopped or deranged in its movements the
changed speed of the pendulum will cause the stem to leave the guard,
and it will then come in contact with the conducting material of the
winch which will close the main line circuit directly through the stem
of the pendulum and shaft and cut the instrument out, preventing
derangment of other instruments on the line. When it is desirable to move
the key back and forth and without traversing the entire length of the
index the connector must be set on a parallel with the line of conductors
and will not then act as a pawl. In such case the key.must not be
moved to either end of its track to connect with the reversing cams; the
index will then not be reversed.. In cases where different kinds of
instruments are used upon connecting lines it has been necessary to

page_text: t
'
repeat messages passing the junction, adding very much to the labor of
transmission. To some printing instruments therefore a common Morse
key is added in order to communicate with a Morse operator. This
however requires the printing operator to understand the Morse system
and be able to manipulate. a Morse's key. Such addition therefore is of
very little value. It is often desirable too that a person not acquauted
with any system of telegraphing may be able to send a message to an
operator using either printing, sounding, or dial receiver, as, for
example, a railroad conductor in case of accident. The value therefore
of a manipulator with a simple key and index that may be made to
transmit a message to either printer, sounder, or dial without under-
standing of any system by the sender is apparent.. The two lines of
letters of copying type wheel, for "dial" manipulation are in reversed.
order.. To secure two copies of message in a printing receiver I use a
device which actuates by a single movement two type wheels, and in
like manner I operate the impression divice. When the type wheels
are arranged for a movement to produce the impression against the
paper they are placed in a frame which is rocked upon a centre, while
their revolving motion is given by a double propelment, the two pro-
pelments moving in line with each other, and their common armature
placed near the rocking centre of the frame in order not to be affected
by the printing movements of the wheels..
.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Edward Fanning Kingsley in the Great Seal Patent
5 Office on the 19th September 1874.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, EDWARD
FANNING KINGSLEY, of No. 3, Bedford Place, Russell Square, in the
County of Middlesex, send greeting..
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
0 Letters Patent, bearing date the Nineteenth day of March, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-four; in the thirty-
seventh year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said Edward Fanning Kingsley, Her
special licence that I, the said Edward Fanning Kingsley, my exc

page_text: L
Figure 9 is a side view of device for giving like movement to two
type wheels for securing more than one copy of the received message..
Figure 10 is a view of the sliding key with transverse section of
slideway, the key furnished with connectors for producing either the
Morse alphabet or printed.characters.
I. Some of the difficulties experienced in the use of the dial telegraph
have been the weariness occasioned by the movement of the winch key
of the manipulator caused not only by the constant circular movement
of the hand but its cramped positions in attempting to avoid covering
the index from sight upon certain portions of the dial; also the difficulty
of constantly following the pointer or winch by the eye in their circular
motion, causing not only a tiresome circular movement of the cyc but
also of the entire head.
In the combined dial and printing telegraph, with dial for cyc, and
hammer-key for hand, nearly as great difficulties arise, as the cyc is not
relieved, and although the movement of the hand is improved the
operator's attention is divided between two distinct and different objects,
which is difficult and tiresome.
.
In order to avoid the difficulties mentioned and also to secure a
simple key and index, which may be used in connection with any of the
different systems of telegraphing, I furnish the manipulator with a
sliding key D, D', D², Figure 1, more fully shown in Figures 5 and 10.
The key is made to slide forward and back to any letter of the index by.
a short and easy fore-arm movement. The index has a very short range,
is in direct line with the cyc, and may be entirely viewed at a glance.
Either of the keys D or D', Figure 1, is used with the entire index (as will
bé herein-after fully explained) for continuous manipulation, the object
of placing the index in two lines being to separate the letters for more
distinct vision.
.The construction of the slide may be. variously modified. That shown
in the Drawings is a simple slot in the keyboard, in which the body of
the key is moved.
The construction of the key (shown in Figures 5 and 10, makes the
manipulator adapted to any of the common systems of telegraphing, and.
may be used for any or all, as the case, may demand, and still require:
only a simple straks of the finger kav to produce a letter oithon. hv

page_text: sound, record, or print. Through the body of the key F2, Fig. 5, which
forms part of the slide, is a moveable stem and finger piece D³: This
finger piece may be depressed, and is returned by a spring, as is usually
applied to keys. To the body of the key, under the slide, is pivoted
a double circuit connector r, one end of which makes the connection
with the several conductors in line below it in its forward movement,
and acting also as a stop pawl to prevent a backward motion until the
forward traverse is completed. The connector is reversed upon its
pivot by striking the inclined cam / when a reversed movement of the
slide is allowed; the manipulator is thus applied to the common dial
receiver. The index however is required to be reversed on the backward
movement of the slide. For this purpose I make a double index, the
indexes being in reverse order, as shown in Figure 7 detached. A side
view of the same is shown in working position represented by K,
Figure 5. The double index K rocks upon pivots, as shown, the reversed
alphabets alternately showing through an opening in the body of the
keyboard, the pins c³, d³, alternately striking the cams a³, 3, and thus
rocking the index upon its pivots. A common dial receiver may now be
read by simply stopping the key at the required letter of the manipu-
lating index. Under the stem of the key is a line of conductors J for
giving by a depression of the finger piece a strong pulsation if required
at the letter for a printing receiver or for throwing in pulsations between
those of the conductor .
If the instruments are operated automatically by synchronous move-
ments the line of conductors J may be used alone, indicating to such
instruments by their position the character to be recorded. I also place
upon the stem of the finger piece D² a number of spring connectors
(shown in detail at n³, Figure 10). These connectors are made to
connect with groups of the conductors N³ in the track of the slide corre-
sponding to the combination of dots required to form Morse letters
corresponding to the letters of the index.
By a depression of the finger piece at any given letter connection is
made with its group of conductors, and the entire letter is thus trans-
mitted by a single pressure. I use in connection therewith devices for
holding the key fixed in position during its proper time of transmission,
and preventing its. being depressed at an improper time; but, being sub-
stantially similar to those of my former Patents, do not require full.
description in this connection..

page_text: II. In using a receiver in connection with a motor a stop usually
occurs before each entire revolution of the instrument, in order to allow
the operator to have struck the key of his manipulator to indicate the
letter to be received, otherwise the first letters of the series in cach
succeeding revolution would either be lost or imperfectly manipulated..
.
In a former Patent I describe a division of the series of characters, the
parts to be alternately manipulated to avoid delay. Although giving
much more time for the manipulation, and avoiding the stops, this plan
restricts certain characters to certain times for manipulation. I wish
now to allow the operator all the time to perform his manipulations
without confusion, thus enabling him to greatly increase the speed of
his instruments. For this purpose I use a pair of single keys or two.
sets of keys when the keys are arranged in groups indicating different
letters. Each key of the pair as D, D', Figure 1, works in connection.
with the entire index. The keys may alternate in their action with,
alternating revolutions of the instrument, and be operated alternately by.
single hand, or with right hand and left hand at pleasure. Sounder,.
printer, or recorder may be used as receiver.
The operation is as follows:-For example, a printing receiver is
being used. During a single turn of the type wheel while it is recording.
the character indicated by the position of the key D of the manipulator
the key D' is brought into position for the next revolution of the wheel,
and vice versa. The motor of the manipulator connects alternately the.
keys at succeeding revolutions with the transmitting circuit. The
pointer R vibrates between the two keys, and indicates alternately
which may be manipulated. Thus the operator may have all the time
in which to move one or the other key for the next desired letter."
Figure 2 shows an application of the same Invention to sets of keys, the
two sets being partially shown with like characters. By striking a
number of keys of either group in the order they occur on the type'
wheel, and being always able to work the keys of one or the other.
group, great speed may be attained, and a large amount of matter
transmitted.
III. It is often of great importance to preserve a copy of a message
as actually transmitted, not only at the office where the message is:
received, but also at the office from which it is sent, whether it is trans-
mitted for sounder, dial, or printer. For this purpose I furnish the.

page_text: sliding key with a printing copier, as shown in Figures 1 and 5, which
preserves a printed copy or copies of the message, whatever may be the
character of the transmission. In Figure 5 the copier is shown double
for preserving two copies from a single manipulation. It may be still
further multiplied, as will be seen from its construction.
The cylinders C receive the paper upon which the impressions are to
be made, and are turned by the pawls a, the line of printing being
around their circumference. The body of the slideway E forms a lever,
the fulcrum of which is the rock shaft F. The type wheels H, H, turn in
bearings in the lever on the opposite side of the fulcrum from the slide,
as shown. The type wheels are furnished with spur wheels, which mesh
into the rack C. This is attached to the sliding key F, and as the key
is slid back or forth the letter of the index to which it is moved corre-
sponds with the character of the type wheels projected toward the paper
cylinders. As the finger piece of the key D. is depressed the sup-
porting lever is also depressed, and the type wheels are brought in
contact with the paper.
I have already Patented a paper cylinder having its line of printing
around its circumference, and a longitudinal movement for placing the
position of the lines. The cylinders C, C, may be thus operated, either
mechanically or by means of a magnet and escapement, as most desirable.
In the Drawings however I show the cylinders as having no longitudinal
movement. In order to place the position of each succeeding line the.
printing mechanism is moved the distance of the width of a line upon
the rock shaft F, the binding spring Fo being moved a notch to the
right or left for each entire line until the copy is complete. This I do
either by hand or by means of a magnetic movement, the turning of the
paper cylinder at the end of each line automatically connecting an
electric circuit for that purpose, or if any portion of the line is to be left
blank the circuit is closed at the desired point by hand. The movement
is not for printing lines longitudinally upon the cylinder with a move-
ment after each impression with a necessary traverse and return of the
printer the entire length of the cylinder for each line. Such mechanisms
are already in use, and their defects causing loss of time and extensive
movements are apparent without comment. With the mechanism shown;
in the Drawings one traverse of the printer the length of the cylinder:
completes an entire page without any return movements,

page_text: IV. Figure 6 shows an improved type wheel furnished with two lines
of characters, either of which may be used at will upon the same printing
line. The type wheel H has two faces, inclined in respect to each other,
the line of the faces being both tangent to a. circle struck from the
centre of the wheel, the plane of the circle being at right angles. to the
line of the wheel shaft. By making the wheel vibrate slightly from side.
to side upon its centres, as shown at H, either line of types may be
brought into printing position upon a common printing line. Thus, a
large number of characters (letters, numerals, &c.), may be placed upon
a small wheel, which may be made to shift from line to line by a single
impulse. In using such type wheels in the copier, Figure 5, I vibrato
the wheels from face to face by means of cross centres in the journal
bearing at F. These cross centres, as shown, allow the lever E to bo
rocked slightly from side to side, thus bringing citler face of the type
wheels into line.
When not employed as transmitter, the copier may be used for general)
typo writing, or for copying sound messages as received. It is also
used as printing receiver, actuated by the type wheel magnet V* and
printing magnet X', producing two copies of the received message.
When using the instruments, not only as receiver but also as trans-
mitter, mechanical force is not required for printing depression, as the
manipulating key will close the circuit to the printing magnet, and thus:
prodnce the impression. The printing magnet X* may also be retained:
in the instrument when used merely as a type writer, the key closing a
.local circuit for operating the magnet. The same or additional local:
circuit may be used for moving the paper cylinder or printing mechanism
at the end of cach line, as the case may be.
In the use of any or all the devices of the instrument I do not wish to
limit myself to telegraphic purposes, but to extend their use to all
instruments either for telegraphing or general type writing.
The double type wheel motor is shown in Figure 9, the single armature:
being supplied with two actuating levers or arms, each. propelling its.
wheel, as shown. Figure 8 shows a receiving index in plane for.
reading at sight. The receiving motor turns the wheels W2, W2. These:
wheels carry a belt upon which are the points U³, U³, U³, which
successively traverse the slot at the side of the index, stopping at the.
letters to be read.

page_text: .
. V. The correcting device (for correcting the time of the movements
of the instrument in order that a number may be operated synchronously)
is shown in Figures 1 and 3. A fixed hub A is attached to the motor
shaft. under which is a loose wheel V. Pivoted to the disc of tho
wheel V at O is a lever extending round the hub A to M on the opposite
side of wheel. Attached to the wheel V is the circuit friction spring X
which either acts as a circuit connector for the circular circuit closer W.
or as a friction propeller for type wheel, as the case may be. Attached
to the lever L near its pivot O is the spring a which is set by means of.
the set screw P. A friction presser e attached to the lever L is made to
press more or less against the hub A by the tension of the spring a
A set screw Q is brought near to pressor e, but not in contact.
:
The object of the device described is to allow correction of time of the:
wheel V without affecting the speed of hub A, and operates as follows:→→
The friction X is set by its screw sufficiently tense to accomplish its
work, the set screw P is then turned until the action of spring A causes,
the presser e to bind more strongly upon the hub A than the spring X
úpon its bearing. It will be seen that the revolution of the hub A will
now carry with it the wheel V. If however the lever L is stopped by
the magnet lever at M the wheel V will be stopped for the time, and as
the lever L has greater leverage upon the presser e than the spring a.
the hub A will be relieved and continue its revolutions. To prevent an:
acceleration of the speed of the hub A by thus relieving it of its working.
friction I set the set screw Q so that the presser e can be only partially
relieved. I set this screw so that the remaining friction of the pressure e a
will be exactly equal to that of the friction X from which the hub A is.
relieved by stopping the wheel V. Thus the wheel V may be stopped:
and again started at any time without.in. the least degree affecting the
speed of the motor hub A, and the time of the circuit closer or type.
wheel be corrected. If the hub A is revolved in connection with a.a
heavy pendulum or fly wheel the mechanism may be modified by making
the wheel V fast to the shaft Z and the hub A loose. In such case the
stopping of the lever L will relieve the hub A, and the momentum of
the pendulum or fly wheel will carry it forward for the correction, and
as soon as the lever is set free again the mechanism will move with its a
usual resistance. The device, as described, forms a friction balance
escapement for preserving to the motor its usual resistance while cor……..
recting instruments as to unison,

page_text: VI. In Figure 3 two lines of conductors are shown in the circuit
closer, represented by W and N³. The line N³ is double, and by its
spring which is insulated from the spring X connections are made for a
local circuit R, L, Figure 1; this circuit connects with the magnet
which propels the type wheel or other indicator of the receiver, and is
always mechanically in unison with the main line circuit closer W, X,
although otherwise independent of it. The conductors N³ may corre-
spond in position upon the curve with the conductors W, or may fall
between them as. the case may demand. The conductors Warc for
transmitting the pulsations through the main line which are to be
recorded by the receiver, and if the receiver be a printer they affect the
impression magnet.
VII. The instrument as shown in plan, Figure 1, may be used either
for single or multiplex transmission. I have already patented a circuit
closer (A with conductors) for single transmissions in connection with
sub-circuits K, Figure 4, and switches for multiplex transmission. The
improved features however are shown in the present Drawings. First,
the armature lever M, Figure 1 is made adjustable so that it may be set
to different positions so that the conductors of the circuit closers of the
different instruments occupy different relative positions during their
revolutions and thus use different pulsations passed through the main
line. The small lever M is made of spring material and is pivoted at 7.
A spur near M holds the spring lever by being set in one of the holes of
the body of the armature lever as shown. Different holes are for
different adjustments. Second, instead of using different switches for
the transmitting, receiving, and line divisions of the circuit I use a
group of single 'switches n, n, n, n, Figure 4, cach having a group of
three buttons, the first of each group setting its switch to the trans<
mitter J, the second to the line, and the third to the receiver R
Figure 4 is a complete plan of the multiplex line circuit.
VIII. I have already patented a safety circuit with centrifugal circuit
closer for cutting out the instrument from the main line in case of
accident or irregularity. An improved form however is shown in
Figure 3. The slotted winch S for the pendulum U is furnished with a
hon-conducting guard T, a portion of the conducting material of tho
winch being cut away at that point. The stem of the pendulum stands
between the faces of the guard T when the motor is at its proper speed.,
B

page_text: If the motor be stopped, or deranged in its movements the changed speed
of the pendulum will cause the stem to leave the guard and it will then
come in contact with the conducting material of the winch which will
close the main line circuit 9 directly through the stem of the pendulum
and shaft Z and cut the instrument out, preventing derangement of
other instruments on the line. When it is desirable to move the key
back and forth without traversing the entire length of the index
the connector r, Figure 5 must be set on a parallel with the line
of conductors and will not then act as a pawl. In such case
the key must not be moved to either end of its track to connect
with the cams t, t, or a³, 13; the index will then not be reversed.
In cases where different kinds of instruments are used upon con
necting lines it has been necessary to repeat messages passing the
junction, adding very much to the labor of transmission. To some
printing instruments therefore a common Morse key is added in order to
communicate with a Morse operator. This however requires the
printing operator to understand the Morse system and be able to
manipulate a Morse key; such addition therefore is of very little value.
.It is often desirable too that a person not acquainted with any system
of telegraphing may be able to send a message to an operator using
either printing, sounding, or dial receiver; as for example, a railroad
conductor in case of accident. The value therefore of a manipulator
with a simple key and index that may be made to transmit a message to
either printer, sounder, or dial without the understanding of any system.
by the sender is apparent. The two lines of letters of copying typo
wlieel for dial manipulator are in reversed order.

page_text: :
(15.) A compound type wheel motor by which a corresponding move-
ment is given to a number of type wheels in a single instrument.
In witness whereof, I, the said Edward Fanning Kingsley, have
hereunto set my hand and scal, this Eighteenth day of September
in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-
four
'