Year: 1887

page_text: Date of Application, 16th Aug., 1887
Complete Left, 16th May, 1888
Complete Accepted, 22nd June, 1888
1, EDWIN FREDEric Goodall, of Duffield, in the county of Derby Colour Manufacturer,
do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
This invention relates to that class of grinding or levigating machinery or apparatus
in which a pestle or the like is employed to which a motion is imparted similar
to that which is given to a pestle when grinding, mixing or levigating substances
by hand.
According to my invention I employ a mortar or vessel as hitherto in which the
substances to be operated on are placed. The upper end of the pestle or other
grinding instrument is loosely held in a self adjusting eye or socket carried by a
standard. The horizontal arm which communicates motion to the pestle passes through
the said standard and works on a pivot sliding in guides therein.
The required motion is imparted to the horizontal arm and pestle by means of the
following arrangement of mechanism :-
The opposite end of the said arm to that carrying the pestle works on a stud fitted
and working in a slot formed in a slide working in guides on a revolving disc
having a hollow vertical shaft. Within this hollow shaft rotates a shaft carrying a
smaller disc which fits and works in a recess formed to receive it in the first named
disc.
In the smaller disc is a stud the position of which can be adjusted to suit the extent
of motion of the pestle to various sizes of mortar. This stud fits and works in a slot in
the under side of the slide.
Motion is communicated to the two shafts by differential gearing so that one shaft
is driven at a slower rate of speed than the other shaft the effect of this being that the
extent of circular motion of the pestle is caused to constantly vary and each
circle is described in a different part of the mortar from that immediately
preceding it.
1 1
G. F. REDFERN & Co.,
. 4, South Street, Finsbury, London,
Agents for the Applicant.

page_text: Improvements in Machinery or Apparatus for Grinding or
Levigating Substances.
I, EDWIN FREDERIC Goodall, of Duffield, in the County of Derby, Colour
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the
same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement:-
This invention relates to that class of grinding or levigating machinery or apparatus
in which a pestle or the like is employed to which a motion is imparted similar
to that which is given to a pestle when grinding, mixing, or levigating substances
by hand.
According to my invention I employ a mortar or vessel as hitherto in which the
substances to be operated on are placed. The upper end of the pestle or other grinding
instrument is loosely held in an adjustable eye or socket carried by a standard. The
horizontal arm which communicates motion to the pestle passes through the said
standard and works on a pivot sliding in guides therein as usual.
The required motion is imparted to the horizontal arm and pestle by means of the
following arrangement of mechanism :
The opposite end of the said arm to that carrying the pestle works on a stud fitted
in a slide working in guides on a revolving disc having a hollow vertical shaft. Within
this hollow shaft rotates a shaft carrying a smaller disc which fits and works in a recess
formed to receive it in the first named disc.
In the smaller disc is a stud the position of which can be adjusted to suit the extent
of motion of the pestle to various sizes of mortar. This stud fits and works in
a groove or recess in the under side of the slide.
Motion is communicated to the two shafts by differential gearing so that one shaft is
driven at a slower rate of speed than the other shaft the effect of this being that a helical
motion is imparted to the postle which is therefore caused to operate in different.parts
of the mortar at each revolution of the larger disc.
In order to enable my invention to be fully understood I will proceed to describe
how it can be carried into practice by reference to the accompanying drawing in
which
Figure 1 is a side elevation and
Figure 2 is a plan of a machine for grinding or levigating substances constructed
according to my invention.
Figure 3 is a vertical section of the mechanism for imparting the required motion
to the horizontal arm and pestle.
Figure 4 is an elevation of the smaller disc and part of its shaft.
Figure 5 is a plan of the said disc.
Similar letters in all the figures indicate similar parts.
a is the mortar in which the substances to be operated on are placed, and 6 is the
pestle or grinding instrument both of which parts are of usual construction.

page_text: c is the adjustable edge or socket which I now provide on the standard d, in which
eye the pestle b is loosely held so that it can freely move up and down therein. This
eye has its inner periphery rounded or bevelled as shown by the dotted lines so as to
allow the pestle to work at the required varying inclinations. The shauk e of the eye
is fitted in a recess in the top of the standard d, and can be moved outwards and
inwards so as to adjust its position and be then fixed by means of a screw of passing
through a slot g in the shank and working in the part of the standard below the
recess.
an
h is the horizontal arm which communicates motion to the pestle b and which as
usual is provided with a weight a¹ and is loosely placed in an eye g having
universal joint the arm passing through the standard d and working on a pivot.i
mounted on a slide j working in guides k in the standard d as has hitherto been
the practice.
I will now describe the mechanism for imparting the required motion to the
horizontal arm and pestle.
7 is the stud on which works the opposite end of the arm to that which carries the
pestle b; m, is the slide in which the stud is fitted, and n, n are the guides of
the slide, the said guides being fixed on the revolving disc o having a hollow vertical
shaft p mounted and working in a casting g bolted to the stand r of the machine.
s is the shaft which rotates within the hollow shaft p and which carries the smaller
disc t fitting and working in a recess formed to receive it in the disc o as will be
clearly seen by reference to figure 3.
is the stud in the smaller disc the said stud fitting and working in the groove or
recess v made across the under side of the slide m. The stud u is screwed into a nut w
having two conical sides and fitted in a correspondingly shaped radial groove & in the
disc t. By unscrewing the stud u the nut w will be loosened and they can then be
moved along the groove x so as to alter the position of the stud relatively to the axis
of the shafts and thereby regulate the extent of motion of the slides m und ; to suit
the extent of motion of the pestle to various sizes of mortar.
y, y', y² indicate the wheels of the differential gearing operated by means of the
handwheel z and whereby the shaft & is driven at a slower rate of speed than the
shaft p.
The operation is as follows:-
Suppose the parts of the machine to be in the position shown in the drawing. The
gearing y, y', y being operated by turning the hand wheel z the shafts s and p with
their discs t and o will revolve. The disc o, through the arm and slide j will com-
municate a gyrating motion to the pestle b. As the disc t revolves at a somewhat
slower rate of speed than the disc o it follows that the stud u being placed eccentrically
to the shafts will gradually move the slide m with its pivot-stud 7 nearer the centre of
the discs thereby shortening the throw of the said stud 1, and decreasing the extent of
motion of the pestle b, until the stud u has reached a position diametrically opposite
to that in which it is shewn in the drawing. The slide m will then commence to move
in the opposite direction to that before mentioned and the extent of motion of the
pestle will consequently commence to increase until the stud again assumes the position
shewn in the drawing.
From the preceding description it will be seen that the disc o the slide m and stud /
form a kind of crank having a constantly varying throw whereby a helical or spiral
movement is communicated to the pestle b which in this manner is caused to operate
over different parts of the mortar at each throw of the crank.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. In a machine or apparatus for grinding or levigating substances and in which a
pestle and mortar are used the arrangement of mechanism for communicating a
gyrating motion to the pestle; wherein a stud, connected to a shaft passing through the
shaft carrying the crank and driven simultaneously therewith, is employed for

page_text: continuously varying the throw of the said crank, substantially in the manner and for
the purpose described.
2. The improved mechanism for imparting a helical or spiral motion to the pestle of
a grinding or levigating machine substantially as herein before described and illustrated
in the accompanying drawing.
3. In a grinding or levigating machine in which a pestle is employed supporting
the said pestle at its upper part in an eye through which it can slide freely substan-
tiaily as hereinbefore described.
4. The improved machine consisting of the parts constructed and combined
substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to the accompanying drawing
and operating as and for the purposes set forth.