Improved Phonographic System and Apparatus for Recording and Reproducing Articulate Speech and other Sounds.
Year: 1889

page_text: Date of Application, 21st Jan., 1889
Complete Specification Left, 11th July, 1889-Accepted, 17th Aug., 1889
CAAACA
Improved Phonographic System and Apparatus for Recording and
Reproducing Articulate Speech and other Sounds.
CHARLES ADAMS-RANDALL, No. 15, Monipelier Square, Brompton, London, Electrical
Engineer and Inventor, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
My invention relates to improvements in the method of recording and reproducing
articulate speech and oth sounds, and in apparatus therefor.
My invention has for its object the production of simple and efficient means, for
recording and reproducing aruculate speech, for the purposes more particularly of
mercantile and social uses.
Aly invention consists generally as now conceived by me:
First In making the phonographic record upon a hat stationary record surface, in
contradistinction to the method heretofore practised, in which the record is made
upon a moving record surface.
Second-In making the phonographic record of sound vibrations, pulsations or
intermittentcies, upon a stationary record surface, by causing the recording apparatus
to be passed manually or otherwise over the same.
Third In making the record of sound vibrations or pulsations upon a stationary
record surface, by a recording apparatus carried or passed thereover and thereupon,
preferably, manually.
Fourth in a phonographic or phonautographic system, the use of a stationary
recording surface or tablet, in combination with suitable recording apparatus.
Fifth In a phonographic or phonautographic system, the use of a stationary record-
tablet made of paper, or of paper, cloth or thin rubber in sheets or strips having a
waxed, gummed or other prepared record surface.
Sixth In a phonographic or phonautographic system, reproducing apparatus
actuated by passing the same, manually or otherwise over the stationary record
surface.
Seventh In a phonographic or phonautographic recording sysiem, in combination,
a recording-apparatus actuated by the air vibrations or puisations caused by human
speech, said apparatus being arranged to be carried manually over and upon the
stationary recording surface.
Eighth In a phonographic or phonautographic recording system, a recording
apparatus arranged to be passed over and upon a stationary record surface or tablet,
having the recording pen, stylus or graver actuated directly by a vibrator actuated by
the force of the air vibrations, pulsations or intermittentcies caused by articulate
speech or other sounds.
Ninth In a phonographic or phonautographic recording system, a recording
apparatus arranged to be passed over and upon a stationary record surface, having the
recording pen, stylus, or graver, actuated by electro-magnetic devices, controlled in
their operation, by the force of the air vibrations, pulsations, or intermittentcies
caused by articulate speech or other sounds.
Tenth In a phonographic or phonautographic system, a reproducing, apparatus
arranged to be passed over and-upon-a-stationary record-surface upon which a record
of sounds has been made, actuated mechanically by the traveller, tracer or vibrating
point passing over the record.
Eleventh In a phonographic or phonautographic system, a reproducing apparatus
arranged to be passed over and upon a stationary record surface upon which a record
of sounds has been made, actuated electro-magnetically by passing the traveller,
tracer or vibrating point over & upon the record.

page_text: Twelfth In a phonographic or phonautographic system, the combination of fixed
or stationary record and recorded surfaces, together with recording and reproducing
apparatus to be carried or passed, respectively, manually or otherwise over and upon
such record and recorded surfaces.
To this end the invention consists generally, in arranging in combination a tablet-
plate or holder, upon which the record-tablet is fixed, such record-tablet being of any
suitable material, such as paper, or paper, cloth, sofi-rubber or other material, waxed
gummed or otherwise prepared, and a suitable recording device consisting essentially
of a vibrator carrying a vibrating recording-pen, stylus or graver, arranged in a
convenient frame, case or holder, readily held in the hand and moved about over and
upon the record-tablet, the recording device being connected by a flexible tube to a
mouthpiece adjustable upon a fixed standard, or secured to the head or otherwise,
conveniently to be spoken into or upon, and-a-suitable reproducing apparatus having
a vibrating reproducing diaphragm arranged to be actuated by a traveller, tracer, or
vibrating point, that acts in & upon the record made in or upon the record-tablet or
surface, the parts being arranged in a suitable case, frame or holder, readily held in
the. hand and moved over and upon the record-tablet, and in such manner that
sounds corresponding to those originally uttered at the recording apparatus are
faithfully reproduced. The recording-pen of the recording apparatus may be operated"
electrically, in which event, the primary vibrations of the recording apparatus will
serve to make and break or vary a current passing over an electro-magnet in the
recording apparatus, which actuates and controls the movement and force of the
-recording pen, stylus or graver.
When thus operated the recording-pen, stylus or graver, may be actuated in unison
with the sounds uttered, at a distance from the place where uttered."
The reproducing apparatus: may also be operated electrically and the vibrating,
reproducing diaphragm or vibrator be actuated at a distance from the recorded surface
or record-tablet.
Improved Phonographic System and Apparatus for Recording and
Reproducing Articulate Speech and other Sounds.
CHARLES ADAMS-RANDALL. No. 30 Trevor Square, Brompton, London, Electrical
Engineer and Inventor, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in
and by the following statement :—
My invention relates to improvements in the method of recording and reproducing
articulate speech and other sounds, and in apparatus therefor, and has for its object,
the recording of sound vibrations in a simple manner, the utilization of such record
in a new and novel way, for the reproduction of the recorded sounds, and the production
of new, simple, and efficient means and apparatus for recording and reproducing
articulate speech and other sounds.
My invention consists generally, as now conceived by me.
1st. In the method of making the Phonautographic or Phonographie record upon
a stationary record surface in contradistinction to the method heretofore practiced in
which the record is made upon a moving record surface.
2nd. In making the record of sound vibrations pulsations or intermittentcies upon
a stationary record surface, by causing the recording apparatus to be passed manually
or otherwise over the same.
3rd. In making the record of sound vibrations, pulsations or intermittentcies upon a
stationary record surface, by or with a recording apparatus carried or passed thereover
or thereupon, preferably manually.
4th. In the use of a stationary recording surface or tablet. in combination with
suitable recording apparatus, in making a record of sound vibrations.

page_text: 5th. In the use, in a Phonautographic or Phonographic system, of a stationary
record-tablet, made of paper, wax, collodion, or other suitable substance.
6th. In a Phonautographic or Phonographic System, recording and reproducing
apparatus, constructed to be carried manually or otherwise over a stationary record-
surface.
7th. In a Phonautographic or Phonographic system, recording-apparatus actuated
by the air vibrations, pulsations or intermittenteies of human speech to make a record
of the same, while being moved manually or otherwise over a stationary recording
surface.
Sth. In a Phonautographic or Phonographic system recording apparatus actuated
by electro-magnetic devices controlled in their operation by the force of the air
vibrations, pulsations, or intermittentcies of human speech or of other sounds, to make
a record of the same, while being moved manually or otherwise over a stationary
surface.
9th. In a Phonautographic or Phonographic system, reproducing apparatus
constructed and arranged to be carried manually or otherwise over or upon a
stationary record surface having thereon a record of sound vibrations, and actuated
mechanically by such movement over the record to reproduce the recorded sounds.
10th. In a Phonautographic or Phonographic system, reproducing apparatus
constructed and arranged to be carried manually or otherwise over or upon a stationary
record surface having thereon a record of sound vibrations, and serving by such
movement over the record. to actuate or control electro-magnetic devices to reproduce
the recorded sounds by electro-magnetic devices, by such movement over the record.
11th. In a Phonautographic or Phonographic system the combination of a flat or
cylindrical stationary tablet-carrier,record-surface and record, or tablets, of recording
and reproducing apparatus arranged to be carried respectively, manually or otherwise,
over or upon such record-surfaces, and record.
All of which will be more fully understood from the following detailed description
in which reference is made to the accompanying drawings, which illustrate my
method and several of the forms which my improved apparatus may assume, and in
which,
Fig. 1. is a plan view of one form of my recording apparatus, showing the cylindrical
tablet-carrier. a central section being removed.
Fig. 2. is an end view of same showing vibrator and recording style &c.
Fig. 3. is an opposite end view to Fig. 2, showing the feed devices for moving the
tablet-carrier step by step.
Figs. 4-5-6. are top and end views of tablet-carrier, showing device for holding
the record-tablet in place.
Fig. 7. is similar to Fig. 1. having tablet-carrier removed, and showing plan view
of centrifugal governor with means for operating same.
Fig. 8. is an end view of Fig. 7.
Fig. 9. is an end view of centrifugal governor, showing connecting gearing.
Figs. 10 and 11. are plan and end views respectively of a modification of the
cylindrical tablet-carrier Fig. 1.
Figs. 12 and 13. show a modification of Fig. 10, with the guide-plate removed,
and showing a continuous roll of recording material, with devices for feeding same
intermittently under the recording or reproducing devices.
Fig. 14 is a top view of a flat tablet-carrier, and a guide-plate for recording or
reproducing devices.
Fig. 15 is a sectional view of same on line X. X.
Fig. 16. shows a top plan view of flat tablet-carrier having the slots in the guide
plate running from-right-to-left.
Fig. 17 is a plan view showing means for holding guide plate in place..
Fig. 18 is an end view of same.
Fig. 19. is one form of flat record plate having serreted or grooved surface,
without guide plate.
Fig. 20. is an end view of same,
:

page_text: Figs. 21 and 22. views of recording and reproducing device, to be used with
grooved record plate Fig. 19.
Fig. 23. is a plan view of record carrier, having moveable guide plate.
Fig. 24. end view of same showing pins to hold guide plate.
"
"
* "
"
rod carrying guide plate.
Fig. 25.
Fig. 26. is a side view of moveable guide plate.
Fig. 27. shows modification of Fig. 23, showing means for moving guide-plute
step by step.
Figs. 28-29-30. show modification of Fig. 23, having a ratchet-feed-wheel and
pawl, and gear-wheel and rack for moving guide plate step by step.
Fig. 31. shows a fixed guide-plate, and moveable tablet-carrier; with means for
moving same step by step.
Fig. 32. is a plan view of a tablet-carrier, Fig. 14, and of recording or reproducing
apparatus secured upon a jointed arm, in position for use.
Fig. 33. is a side view of same.
Fig. 34. is a sectional view of recording or reproducing apparatus.
Fig. 35. is a part side, and sectional view of electro-magnetic recording apparatus,
showing primary transmitter, recorder, battery and connections.
Fig. 36. is a part side and sectional view of one form of reproducing device.
Fig. 37. is a part plan and sectional view of electro-magnetic receiver, battery, and
connections, used in conjunction with reproducer, Fig. 6.
Fig. 38. shows plan view of same on line Y. Y.
Figs. 39-40-and-41. show one form of the flat, tablet-carrier, and mechanism
connected therewith.
Fig 42-shows a sectional view of one form of carriage and recording or reproducing
apparatus having special adjustments.
Fig. 43, shows partly in elevation and partly in section, tablet-carrier, tablet,
guide carriage,-and-lever-recorder, or reproducer.
Fig. 44. shows plan view of a portion of the tablet, having the record shown
therein or thereon.
Figs. 45-46. show, plan and elevation of flat tablet-carrier and mechanism, for
recording in a continuous spiral line, and for reproducing sounds therefrom.
The general arrangement of the first form of my apparatus is best illustrated
in Figs. 1. 2. 3. 4, 5, 6. 7. 8 in which, the indicating numerals 1. 1. represent frames
or supports held together by suitable rods or stretchers 2-3-4-5. A cylinder 6,
is journalled in the frames 1-1-and has secured thereto a ratchet-wheel 7. by means
of which and pawl S. and lever 9, an intermittent movement is given to the
cylinder. A limiting stop 10 is provided to limit and adjust the movement of the
pawl S.
The cylinder 6. I term the tablet-carrier, and it is provided with some means for
holding the recording material or tablet properly in place upon the cylinder. In
Fig's. 4. 5, and 6 I have shown one plan, which consists of a bar or strap 11, hinged
ór secured at 12. that passes across the cylinder, and is secured in place by a screw 14,
firmly holding the recording material unon the cylinder.
Openings 15, 16. 17 are provided in the cylinder G. and bar 11. for the insertions
of nins or screws if desired, to further hold the recording material in place.
The cylinder may be covered by a thin layer of some elastic material upon which
the recording material rests or it may be longitudinally grooved or serrated as shown
at 18. Fig. 2. and the recording material held firmly thereon. the record being made
upon or in the material between the teeth or ridges, of which there are as many as
thors are ieeth in the feed-wheel 7.
The recording, or the reproducing device, is secured upon a carriage 19. arranged
to be slid longitudinally to and fro, over the recording-tablet. or the record, upon the
rods.or bars 3. 4. manually, as shown. It will be understood that movement may be
given to the carriage by clock-work mechanism or other suitable motor. It consists
of a suitable diaphragm or vibrator 20. properly held between clamping pieces 21-22,
.

page_text: and carries a recording pen, or style 23, which passes through an opening in 22. The
clamping piece 21, is annular and arranged to receive a flexible tube having a mouth-
piece attached, similarly as shown at S2, Fig. 33, which permits of the movement
of the carriage 19, while the mouth-piece is stationary.
.
Adjusting screws, 24, 25, 26 are provided for securing the proper adjustment of the
pen or stylus 23, with reference to the recording material or record upon the
cylinder.
2
To obtain a uniform movement of the carriage a self-acting governor or regulator
may be applied.
'
In Figs. 7, 8, and 9, I have shown one siniple form, which consists of a worm or
screw-shaft 27, journalled in the frames 1, 1', carrying a gear wheel 28, that gears into
the pinion 29 on the shaft 30. properly journalled in the frame 1, and support 31.
An arm 32, is swivelled upon the shaft 30, at 33, and revolves therewith.
Friction pads, 34, 35, are secured to the arm 32. Surrounding the shaft 30 and 32,
is a cylinder 36 secured to the frame and support 31. The carriage 19, is provided
with an extending arm 37, carrying a screw38, that acts in and upon the screw-shaft 27,
so that movement of the carriage 19, causes the screw-shaft. 27 to revolve, and with
it, the gear 28, pinion 29, shaft 30, and arm 32, when the arm 32 is thrown away from
the shaft 30 by centrifugal force causing the pads 34, 35 to bear upon the inside of
the cylinder 36, with greater or less force, thus regulating. the speed at which the
carriage 19 may be moved to and fro.
In Figs. 10 and 11, I have shown a modification, in which the cylindrical tablet-
carrier 6, is supported in suitable standards or frames 37, 38, and is intermittently
rotated, similarly as before. In lieu of the moveable carriage 19, however, a fixed
guide plate 39, provided with a slot 40, is used, in which a suitable recording or
reproducing device, similar to that shown in Fig. 33, or Fig. 35, or Fig. 36, may be
carried to and fro over the recording material."
Another modification is shown in Figs. 12-13 in which the cylinder 6, is of
smaller diameter, and the recording material is drawn thereover, from a roll 41
between the friction rollers, 42, 43, on arms 42, 43, and the drum 6. by means of a
ratchet and pawl 44-45, or similar device.
A guide plate, similar to 39 Fig. 10, or a carriage similar to 19. may be used, in
connection with this form of machine.
In Fig. 14, I have shown another form of machine having the tablet-carrier flat, in
which, 46. represents a flat plate or base, upon which rests a second plate 47, having
slots 48 cut lengthwise therein, which slots serve as guides, as in the guide-plate 39, a
sectional view, on line X, X, being shown at Fig. 15. This plate 47, may be held in
place by pins, passing through it into the plate 46, as at 49, or by spring-fingers 50,
Figs. 17 and 18. or otherwise.
or guide-plate.
The guide-slots niay be disconnected, as at 48, or continuous, as at 51, and may run
lengthwise as at Fig. 14 or crosswise as in Fig. 16. The base plate may be grooved;
in correspondence to the guide-slots as shown in Fig. 15, or left flat as shewn in
Fig. 18. In Figs. 19 and 20 I have shown the base plate grooved, and without a top
For use in connection with this form of tablet-carrier Fig. 19, I would provide the
recording and reproducing apparatus with bevelled rollers as at-52 and 53 Figs. 21
and 22, the rollers resting upon the teeth or edges in the plate, and thus acting as
guides to the movement of the recording or reproducing apparatus, over the recording
material or record secured upon the tablet-carrier.
In Fig. 23, I have shown another modification of this flat form; in which the fixed
top guide-plate is dispensed with, and in lieu of which, a moveable guide plate 54-
having one guide slot 55 is employed, the guide-plate being moveable manually across
the plate, on a rod 56 and held in place by pins 57, secured in the base-plate 46, that
pass through 54. The tablet-carrier may be flat and smooth and covered with a
Fielding material-as at 58, or grooved as at 59. The guide-plate-54, may be supported
and arranged to slide, upon two rods, 56, 56, Fig. 27, and motion may be imparted

page_text: thereto step by step and at a uniform distance, by means of a toothed rack-bar 60 and
feed-pawls 61-62, moved by a lever 63, or similarly, or by a ratchet-wheel 66 and
pawl 67, sheet 3, actuating a gear wheel 65, on the arbor 65, with the ratchet-
wheel 66, the gear wheel 65, acting in and upon a, rack 64, attached to the guide-
plate 54, to which motion is given, step by step, by the movement manually or
otherwise, of the lever 68, carrying the pawl 67. A spring 69, serves to move the
lever GS in one direction.
In Fig. 31 sheet 2. I have shown. another modification in which, the guide plate 70.
is fixed, as in Fig. 10, and the tablet-carrier 46, is moved intermittently by means of
a ratchet toothed bar or plate, 71 and a feed-pawl 72, supported upon an arm 73.
moved by the foot-lever 74, bearing in the frame 75, or secured thereto, the tablet
_carrier 46, resting upon a table 78, secured to proper supports similar to 75.
In Figs. 39, 40, 41, I have shown views of one form of the flat-tablet-carrier,-and-
the mechanism therefor, in which 46 represents the base plate or tablet-carrier having
two grooves 118, 119, cut therein, and also having teeth 120, cut, formed or arranged
upon the plate at one or both ends of the same.
A swinging frame 121, hinged to the plate 46, at 122, 123, extends across the same
arranged to bear firmly upon the top. or to take into a groove running across.. as
shown at 124, the purpose of which is to catch, clamp or hold the recording
material firmly in place, a spring catch, 125-one or more. taking into a notch 126.
arranged in an arm or projecting piece 127, upon 121, and serving to hold same, and
also permitting an upward movement, readily, of the frame, to arrange the recording
material or record-tablet in place or to remove the same.
The moveable metal guide-piece-54, extends-across 46 and is provided with
adjusting screws, S. S. S. S. that fit in the grooves 118, 119, in which the guide-
piece 54, is made to slide up and down, manually or otherwise; the screws-serving to
adjust the guide-piece and the recorder or reproducer carried thereon, relatively to
the record-tablet.
Pivoted on 54, and moving therewith are two arms 128, 129,-connected-together-by
the rod 130, and provided with projections 128" that fit into the teeth 120. The arms
are held in normal position by gravity or suitable spring pressure, and serve to hold
the guide-piece 54 in position while the recorder, or the reproducer 131, or similar
one. is being moved to and fro, along the guide-piece 54, on the carriage 132, or
similar carriage, and serve also as a means for moving the guide-piece step by step or
uniformly, by raising the arms, and changing the projections from tooth to tooth
consecutively or otherwise.
A smoothing, holding roller or rollers, 133, resting upon the record-tablet with
proper pressure is swivelled upon the guide-piece and moves with its slightly in
advance of the recorder or reproducer, for the purpose of holding the recording
material or record, properly, in conjunction with the swinging, clamping frame 121.
By having a movable holder the record-tablets may be of varying width, which is
advantageous.
The guide-piece 54, may be constructed substantially as in Fig. 27 and arranged to
move in the grooves 118, 119, instead of upon the rods 56, 56, and in other ways.
and may be constructed with two cross-pieces or rods, similarly as in Fig. 1. and
made movable as in Fig. 39, the carriages in such cases being changed in form to
suit the guide-pieces, and in lieu of the grooves 118, 119. and screws S. S. S. S.
projections may be arranged upon the plate. and the guide-piece made with corre-
sponding grooves and fitting thereon, and with or without means for adjusting the
position of the guide-piece relatively to the record-tablet.
In Figs. 45, 46, sheet 6, I have shewn a circular form of flat tablet-carrier, and
devices therefor. by which the recorder is moved spirally, and the record made in a
continuous spiral line or lines, and in which. 46 represents the circular, flat-tablet
carrier. 148 the tablet, and 149 a clamping ring for holding the tablet, hinged to the
carrier at 150. A similar flat circular guide-plate, 151, having a convolute or spiral
groove 152 made therein,-a section on line Y. Y. being shown at 153, Fig. 46,-is

page_text: joined preferably to the tablet-carrier by a central piece 154, to which is secured a
stud 16. A swinging arm or carriage 106, arranged to have longitudinal movement,
is frictionally held upon the stud by means of a nut 157 and iriction-washer 108.
To one end of 150, is adjustably secured a guide pin 159, which fits into the
spiral groove and moves therein, a knob 160 being provided to move the arm
manually.
To the opposite end of 156, is adjustably, and if desired interchangably mounted, a
recorder or reproducer 161, substantially like, and to be used in substantially the
same manner as those herembefore described, the hollow threaded support 162 passing
through 156, and held in place by checknuts 163, and 164.
In use, a mouth-piece is attached to the recorder 161, and while being spoken into
the guide-pin is moved at a uniform speed in the spiral groove, the recorder following
the movement of the same, and a record made in a spiral line substantially as
shown at 165.
To reproduce the recorded sounds it is only necessary to carry a suitable reproducer
over the record in a similar manner, using a suitable ear-piece.
Various forms of recorders and reproducers, as shown and described herein, and
many others, may be used with this form of apparatus for recording sounds in a spiral
line, and the apparatus may be changed or modified without departing from the spirit
of my invention, and I do not limit myself to the special forius shown.
A suitable revolving fan or frictional governor, substantially as shown herein can
be applied to this form of apparatus, and also to the form shown in Figs. 39, 40, 41,
if desired, to regulate the movement of the carriage.
Figs. 32 33 show the tablet-carrier 46, provided with an upright post 79, to which
is swivelled at 80, a jointed arm S1, that carries a mouth-piece 82, which is connected
to the recording or reproducing apparatus 83, by a flexible tube 84, the whole being
constructed, and arranged, so that the position of the mouth-piece may be adjusted,
and movement of the recording or reproducing apparatus 83, over and upon the
recording material obtained readily.
The recording or reproducing apparatus, I have shewn in section in Fig. 34, in
which, 85, represents an annular clamping piece, to which the tube 84 is secured, and
which is screwed or otherwise secured to the case or holder 86, thus clamping the
diaphragm 87, to which is secured a light rod 88, passing out of the case at 89, the
length of the projecting end being determined by an adjustable pointed plug, 90,
fitting into the case 86. When used as recorder, motion is given to the diaphragm
by speaking upon it or into the mouth piece 82, and this motion is imparted to the
rod, in such manner that a record of the vibrations of 87, can be recorded in suitable
material.
When used as a reproducer, the device is passed over the record in the recording
material and motion is thereby given to the rod or pen which is imparted to the
diaphragm, in such manner as to reproduce at the mouth-piece 82, which in this
case is applied to the ear,-sounds corresponding to those represented by the record.
Another form of the reproducing apparatus, is shewn in Figs. 36 and 37, in which
the vibrations imparted to the diaphragm 87, by the movements of the rod SS, causes
a make and brake, or variation of contact, between the contact piece 91 on the
diaphragm and the contact piece 92 supported on the flat spring 93. These contact
pieces, are preferably of carbon, and are insulated from each other, by the insulating
material 94, and are connected with the battery 95, and the reproducing device or
receiver 96-97, by suitable connections, the circuit as shown, being wires 98, 99, in
the conducting cord 99ª, wires 100, 102, 103, 104, 105, including the battery 95, and
electro-magnets 106, 107. The receivers in this case are similar to the well known
Telephonic receivers and need no description here, as shown, being simply constructed-
to fit upon the head, the two parts being connected together by the hinge
joint 108.
In Fig. 35, I have shown means for making the record by electro-magnetic devices,
controlled by the air vibrations of articulate speech.

page_text: This apparatus consists generally of a variable contact telephonic transmitter, 109,
an electro-magnet 110, a vibrator or diaphragm 111, a recording pen or style 112, a
battery 113, and proper circuit connections 114, 115.
I make no special claim herein to the transmitter 109.
The recording device 116, consists of an enclosing case, shown in section, containing
the electro-magnet 110, having a vibrator or diaphragm 111, secured to one pole
of the magnet, the other pole coming about opposite the centre of the diaphragm. A
rod, pen, or style 112, is secured to the diaphragm passing through the pointed
plug 117, which may be adjustable, as in Fig. 34, and serves to protect the pen or
Style 112, and to obtain the proper adjustment for same, and as a means for guiding
the recording device in the slots of the guide-plates, all constructed substantially as
shown, so as to be carried readily in the hand over the recording material, and con-
nected to the primary transmitter 109 by a suitable flexible electric conducting cord,
containing the wires 114, 115.
One form of device for recording or reproducing sounds, I have shown in Fig. 42,
Sheet 5, which consists of a diaphragm 20, property held between clamping
pieces 21, 22, constituting the case,-substantially as in Figs. 2 and 34, the outer
piece 21 being constructed to have a mouth-piece attached directly thereto, or by
a flexible tube, as already described. The diaphragm carries a tracer or traveller 23,
which passes through the threaded supporting piece 134, adjustable in the clamping
ring or case, 22, and also in the carriage 132, and held in place after adjustment
by the check-nuts 135, 136, whereby the carriage 132, being placed upon the
guide-piece 54, the proper adjustment of the support 134, relatively to the record-
tablet, can be obtained by adjusting the same in the carriage 132, and then securing
the nut 136, in place, and the proper adjustment of the recording point-23-then-
obtained by adjusting the case 22 upon the support 134 and then securing the
nut 135 in place. In conjunction with this adjustment a further and finer adjust-
ment of the parts relatively to the record-tablet can be secured if desired, by means,
of the micrometer adjusting screws S. S. S. S.
In Fig. 43, I have shown another form of recording or reproducing device.
secured or supported upon the carriage 132, in which the diaphragm 20, properly
clamped or held as hercinbefore described, is connected by a rod, 138 to a lever 139,
fulcrummed in proper support or supports at 140, in such manner that the free end
of the lever shall have an increased amplitude of movement at least two or more
times greater than that of the vibrator. To the lever 139, a recording or reproducing
tracer, or traveller, is adjustably secured, as shown the lever carrying a light tube
through which passes the rod 141, adjustable relatively to the recording material,
or the record, by a thread 142 formed thereon and a nut 143, and held in place
by friction, clamp, check screw, or otherwise. The recording material is represented
at 144, as secured to the flat, stationary tablet-carrier 46, a plan view of a portion of
the same being shown at Fig. 44, in which is represented the undulating record lines
formed in the same by the recorder as it is passed thereover, an elevation being shown
at 145.
With this form of recording apparatus, by which the sound vibrations are graphically
recorded, although various kinds of recording material can be used, I would preferably
use a special record-tablet, having a prepared recording surface.
For this purpose I would make the record-tablet of paper, silk, cloth, thin rubber
or other yielding or pliable substance having a suitable recording surface applied
thereto.
Taking paper as an illustration I would prepare the record-tablet and the record, by
covering the paper with some suitable substance, such as wax, collodion, gelatine, or
other substance that will permit of application in a liquid or semi-liquid state and that
will become set, semi-resisting or partially solidified at ordinary temperatures when
exposed in a thin layer, smoothing or callendering this surface and applying thereto a
layer of finely powdered plumbago while the surface is at the proper consistency to
permit of smoothing, and to support and also retain the plumbago by adhesion thereto.

page_text: The record of sound vibrations can then be made readily in the plumbago, and properly
protected by a covering of thin metallic varnish or by depositing thereon by electro-
deposition a thin layer of copper or other metal.
The record thus prepared, can then be used, for the purpose of reproducing the,
recorded sounds, a great number of times without impairment.
A stationary, flat, record-tablet made from soft, porous paper or cloth saturated with
wax, paraffine, gelatine or oil of proper consistency, and having a prepared surface in
which the record can be graphically traced, at a minimum resistence; is also very
efficient for use in this form of apparatus.
The operation of the apparatus is substantially the same with all the various
mechanical and electro-mechanical forms, and may be described, taking the cylindrical
form Fig. 1, as an illustration, as follows: proper recording material having been
secured to the cylinder, substantially as described the carriage 19 is moved across the
recording material, or tablet, at a uniform speed, while words are being spoken into a
mouth-piece (similar to 82) attached to the carriage by a flexible tube.
The vibrations of the diaphragm thus produced, by sounds made or uttered at the
mouth-piece, are recorded by means of the style or pen, in the recording material by
a line of indentations or graphically, as and in the manners well known, the cylinder
being moved one step after each recorded line, to present a new surface or line for the
recording, whereby a to and fro movement of the carriage and recorder is permitted,
and practically, and as described under Figs. 45, 46 actually, a continuous line of
recording obtained in a simple and efficient manner, without the use of delicate or
complicated mechanism.
The record having thus been obtained, the sounds thus recorded, may be reproduced
by moving the cylinder to the first recorded line, and then causing the recorder, to be,
moved to and fro over the record without taking into the mouth-piece, the recording
pen or traveller, following in the lines of the record, is vibrated, and the vibrations are.
imparted to the diaphragm, and the recorded sounds reproduced at the mouth-piece,
(which in this case should be applied to the ear,) thus converting the recorder into a
reproducer. In practice, however, the recording material will be removed from the
cylinder, and transmitted from place to place, and applied to other similar cylinders
for reproducing the recorded sounds. If desired a special reproducing instrument.
may be used having a diaphragm, slightly larger in diameter than that of the recorder,
so that it will be vibrated more readily by the traveller when moved over the record.
The recording apparatus, may be electro-mechanical,as shown in Fig. 35, in which'
case the record will be more positively, and deeply cut, engraved or made in the.
material, as the recording pen or style will be moved with greater force by the
diaphragm under the influence of the electro-magnet than when it is actuated directly
by the vibrations of air produced by sounds made or uttered at the mouth-piece or
upon the diaphragm, and further the sounds can be recorded at a distance from the
place where uttered or produced.
The reproducing apparatus may also be electro-mechanical as shown in Figs. 36-37,
in which case the sounds will be reproduced by the action of an electro-magnet, and
consequently with a greater volume of tone, and may be reproduced at several places,
simultaneously from one record.
I have found that as good if not better results are obtained in reproducing sounds
from records, by using the reverse side of the record, in lieu of the side upon which
the record is made, the indentations or lines of the records seemingly beingmore sharply
defined and distinct, and the sounds reproduced therefrom louder and more natural.
Especially is this true if a flat, thin sharp recording pen or style having a knife edge
and much more width than thickness, a miniature chisel-is employed, using a thin
reversible recording material, such as thin, fine blotting paper; or very thin gold-leaf,
or tin-foil, or other similar, yielding tenacious material, arranged upon a grooved
tablet-carrier.
In using the reversed record for reproducing the reproducing apparatus must be
placed, and started at the oppositeend of the tablet-carrier.to that at which the recording
apparatus commenced, that is, if the recording apparatus was carried from right to-

page_text: left; for the first line, as in writing, the reproducer must travel from right to left over
the first line.
It will be understood that the sizes of the cylindrical or fat tablet-carriers, may
vary, practice determining the best proportions, the drawings herewith being mainly
illustrative.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my invention,
and in what manner the same is to be performed, I claim:-.
1. The method of forming a record of sounds, by impressing sound vibrations upon
a diaphragm or vibrator, actuating a recording style, pen, graver, cutter or tracer,
while such recorder is being carried manually or otherwise over recording material
stationary at the time the record is being made.
2. The method of forming a record-of-sounds, by impressing sound vibrations upon
a diaphragm or other vibrator, controlling the movement of a recording style, pen,
graver, cutter or tracer, while such recorder is being carried manually or otherwise
over recording material stationary at the time the record is being made.
3. The method of forming a record of sounds, by impressing sound vibrations upon
a diaphragm or other vibrator actuating, or controlling, a recording style, pen, graver,
cutter or tracer, while such recorder is being carried manually or otherwise over a
stationary recording material.
4. The method of reproducing sounds from records, by means of reproducing
apparatus carried manually or otherwise over a recorded tablet or record remaining
stationary while such reproducing apparatus is moving over, in, or upon the same.
5. The method of reproducing sounds-from-records, by means of reproducing
apparatus carried manually or otherwise over a stationary recorded tablet or record...
6. The method of reproducing sounds from records by means of apparatus carried
manually or otherwise over stationaryrecord, and servingto actuate electro-magnetically
operated sound reproducing apparatus.
7. The method of recording sounds-upon a reversible recording material or tablet.
S. The method of recording sounds upon a stationary flat, reversible record-tablet.
9. The method of recording sounds upon a stationary cylindrical tablet, the lines of
the record being in the direction of the axis of the cylinder.
10. A reversible record of sound vibrations, in combination with suitable reproducing
apparatus.
11. The method of reproducing sounds from records, which consists in first forming
the record in and upon a stationary record-tablet, and then carrying or passing the
reproducing apparatus, manually or otherwise, over the record tablet while stationary.
12. The method of reproducing sounds from records which consists in first forming
the record in and upon a reversible record-tablet, and then carrying or passing the
reproducing apparatus, manually or otherwise, over the record-tablet, upon the side
reverse to that upon which the record was made.
13. An improved sound recording apparatus constructed and operated substantially
as herein described.
14. An improved apparatus for reproducing sounds from records, constructed and
operating substantially as herein described.
15. An improved combined sound recording and reproducing apparatus constructed
and operating substantially as herein described.
16. An improved sound recording apparatus, employing a stationary recording
tablet.
17. An improved sound recording apparatus, in which the recording material or
tablet is stationary at the time of making the record.
18. An improved sound recording apparatus employing a stationary recording
surface, and a recording device carried manually or otherwise over the same.
19. An improved sound recording apparatus employing a stationary recording
surface, and a recording device actuated electro-magnetically and arranged to be
carried manually or otherwise over the record-tablet.

page_text: 20. An improved sound reproducing apparatus employing a stationary sound record,
and a reproducing device arranged to be carried manually or otherwise over the same.
21. An improved sound reproducing apparatus employing a stationary sound record,
and a mechanically operated device arranged to be carried manually or otherwise over
the same and operated thereby, and serving to actuate or control electro-magnetically
operated sound reproducing devices.
22. An improved sound reproducing apparatus employing a stationary record of
sounds, and electro-magnetically operated reproducing devices or mechanism.
23. Sound recording devices substantially as shown and described herein constructed
and arranged to be carried manually or otherwise over a stationary record-surface or
tablet.
24. Sound-reproducing devices, substantially as shown and described herein, con-
structed and arranged to be carried manually or otherwise over a stationary recorded
surface or record-tablet.
25. In a Phonautographic or Phonographic system of recording articulate speech
and other sounds, the combination of suitable recording material, or tablet, a flat or
cylindrical tablet-carrier, and recording apparatus arranged to be carried manually or
otherwise over the record-tablet, when stationary.
26. In a Phonautographic, or Phonographic, system of reproducing articulate speech
& other sounds, the combination of suitable recorded material or record, a Hat,
or cylindrical record-carrier. and reproducing apparatus arranged to be carried
manually or otherwise over such record when stationary.
27. In a Phonautographic, or Phonographic, system of recording articulate speech
and other sounds, a recording device, a recording tablet formed of a suitable yielding
material in flat sheets, or in rolls, and arranged to be intermittently moved under the
recording device, substantially as herein described.
28. In a Phonautographic, or Phonographic, system of recording sounds, a stationary
recording tablet or surface, a recording device, and means for intermittently moving
the recording device over the recording-tablet at right-angles to the lines of record.
29. In a sound récording, or reproducing, apparatus the combination of a recording,
or recorded, tablet a cylindrical tablet-carrier and means for intermittently moving
the same, and suitable recording, or reproducing devices, substantially as shown and
described under Fig. 1.
30. In a sound recording, or reproducing, apparatus the combination of a recording,
or recorded, tablet, a cylindrical tablet-carrier, means for intermittently moving the
same, a recording, or reproducing device, and a suitable governor acting to regulate
the movement of the recorder, or reproducer, substantially as shown and described
under Figs. 1 and 7.
31. In a sound recording, or reproducing, apparatus the combination of a recording,
or recorded, tablet, a cylindrical, or flat. tablet-carrier, recording or reproducing,
devices, arranged to be carried manually or otherwise over the tablet, and a suitable
governor for regulating the movement of the recorder or reproducer, substantially as
shown and described under Figs. 1 and 39.
32. In a sound recording, or reproducing, apparatus, a recording, or reproducing
device, arranged to be carried manually or otherwise over the stationary record-
tablet, and a suitable governor operated by the movement of the recorder, or
reproducer, to regulate the movement of the same, substantially as shown and described
under Figs. 1 and 7.
33. In a sound recording, or reproducing, apparatus, the combination of a recording
device, arranged to be carried manually or otherwise over the stationary record-
tablet, and a centrifugal frictional governor operated by the movement of the
recorder or the reproducer to regulate the movement of the same, substantially as
shown and described under Figs. 1 and 7.
34. In a sound recording, or reproducing, apparatus, the combination of a tablet-
carrier. a record-tablet, a recording, or reproducing, mechanism, means for supporting
and guiding the recorder or reproducer, and a suitable governor for regulating the

page_text: movement of the same, and intermediate connecting mechanism between the recorder,
or reproducer, and the governor, substantially as shown and described under Fig. 7.
35. In a sound recording or reproducing, apparatus, the combination of a tablet-
carrier, a record-tablet, recording, or reproducing, mechanism, a carriage therefor,
and a support or supports for the carriage.
36. In a sound recording, or reproducing apparatus, the combination of a record-
tablet, a tablet-carrier, recording, or reproducing mechanism, means for supporting,
carrying and guiding the recorder, or the reproducer, and a suitable governor
regulating the movement of the carriage.
37. In a sound recording, or reproducing, apparatus, the combination of a record-
tablet, a tablet-carrier, recording, or reproducing devices, means for supporting,
carrying and guiding the recorder, or the reproducer, a governor regulating the move-
ment of the recorder, or the reproducer, and the intermediate connecting mechanism,
namely, screw-shaft 27, feed-screw 38, gear 28, pinion 29, whereby the governor
is made operative by the movement of the recorder, -or--the reproducer, substantially
as shown and described under Fig. 7.
38. In a sound recording, or reproducing, apparatus, the combination of a tablet-
carrier, a record-tablet recording, or reproducing, devices.and a carriage 19 supporting
same, guides or supports for the carriage, screw-shaft 27, connecting feed-screw 38,
gear 28. pinion 29 on the governor-shaft 30, a swinging arm 32, friction pads 34, 35,
and cylinder 36,constructed and operating substantiallyas and forthe purpose set forth.
39. In a sound recording, or reproducing, apparatus, the combination of a record-
tablet, a cylindrical tablet-carrier, means for intermittently moving the same, a fixed
guide plate and suitable recording, or reproducing, devices, arranged to be carried
over the tablet when stationary, in or upon the fixed guide-plate. substantially as
shown and described under Figs. 10, and 34.
40. In a. sound recording, or reproducing apparatus, recording, or reproducing
devices, and a fixed guide therefor, suitable recording material in a roll and means
for intermittently moving the same, under the recorder, or reproducer, substantially
as shown and described under Fig. 12.
41. In a sound recording, or reproducing, apparatus the combination of suitable
record-tablet, a stationary, flat tablet-carrier, and a recording or reproducing device
arranged to be carried or moved manually or otherwise over the stationary tablet,
substantially as described under Figs. 14, 19, 21, 22, 32. and 33.
42. In a sound recording, or reproducing, apparatus the combination of suitable
record-tablet, a stationary, flat tablet-carrier, a recording, or reproducing. mechanism.
constructed and arranged to be moved on a suitable guide or guides over the stationary
record-tablet, and means for intermittently moving the guide or guides in an opposite
direction to that of the recording, or the reproducing apparatus, substantially as shown
and described under Fies. 23, 27, 28 and 39.
43. In a sound recording, or reproducing, apparatus, the combination of a record-
tablet, a stationary. flat tablet-carrier, and fixed slotted guide plate over the record-
tablet, and suitable recording or reproducing, devices, constructed and arranged to be
moved over the record-tablet in the slots in the fixed guide-plate, substantially as
shown and described under Figs. 14. 16. 17 and 23.
44. In a sound recording, or reproducing, apparatus, the combination of a record-
tablet, a stationary, flat tablet-carrier, a movable slotted guide-plafe above the record-
tablet. suitable recording, or reproducing, devices, arranged to be moved over the
record-tablet in the slotted guide-plate, and means for intermittently moving the
slotted guide-plate uniform distances, substantially as shown and described under
Fies. 23, 27, and 28.
45. In a sound recording, or reproducing, apparatus, the combination of a record-
tablet, a flat tablet-carrier, means for intermittently moving the tablet-carrier and
tablet, a fixed guide plate over the record-tablet, and suiable recording. or repro-
ducing; devices arranged to he moved to and fro on the guide-plate. substantially
as shown and described under Figs. 31. and 33.

page_text: 46. In a sound recording, or reproducing, apparatus.. the combination of a record-
tablet, a flat. tablet-carrier, having a serrated,, grooved or toothed surface, upon
which the record-tablet rests, substantially as in Fig. 19, and a recording or
reproducing, apparatus, provided with rollers or guides, substantially as in Figs. 21
& 22, and arranged to be carried over the record-tablet, substantially as herein
described.
47. In a sound recording, or reproducing, apparatus, the combination with a
cylindrical tablet-carrier, of a ratchet-wheel moving therewith, a pawl engaging in
the teeth of the ratchet-wheel, and a pawl carrying lever all arranged to move the
tablet-carrier step by step, by the action of the lever.
48. In a sound recording, or reproducing, apparatus, a cylindrical tablet-carrier
having grooves or teeth cut upon its surface, in a line with its axis.
49. In a sound recording or reproducing, apparatus, a cylindrical tablet-carrier,
arranged to be moved step-by-step, a record-tablet and means of securing the
record-tablet to the tablet-carrier.
50. The combination of the cylindrical tablet-carrier 6, and the strap or bar 11, with
means for locking the same, for securing the record-tablet to the cylinder.
51. In a sound recording, or reproducing apparatus, the combination of a cylindrical
tablet-carrier, a movable carriage upon which the recorder. or reproducer rests, and
guide rods upon which the carriage moves, substantially as shown and described under
Figs. 1, 2, 3.
52. In a sound recording, or reproducing, apparatus, the combination of a record-
tablet, a stationary, flat tablet-carrier, means for holding or securing the record-
tablet to the tablet-carrier, recording, or reproducing devices, a guide-piece, bar,
or rod, extending across the tablet-carrier upon which the recorder, or the reproducer
is moved manually, or otherwise, and means for intermittently moving the guide-
piece substantially as shown and described under Fig. 39.
53. In a sound recording, or reproducing, apparatus, the combination of a record-
tablet, a stationary, flat tablet-carrier,. a swinging, clamping device for holding the
record-tablet upon the tablet-carrier, a movable guide-piece, over or upon which
the recorder, or the reproducer travels, ímeans for holding the guide-piece in normal
position, and a presser-roller or foot secured to the guide-piece and moving there-
with, resting with proper tension upon the tablet and serving to smooth and hold
the same, substantially as shown and described under Fig. 39.
54. The combination with a stationary, flat, tablet-carrier, of a
record-tablet,
recording, or reproducing, devices, a movable guide-piece upon which the recorder.
or the reproducer travel. a swinging arm, arms, or frame. secured to the guide-
piece, and serving to hold same in place. and means for holding the record-tablet.
substantially as shown and described under Fig. 39.
55. The combination with a record-tablet, of the tablet-carrier 46, the swinging,
clamping frame 121. the movable guide-piece 54. means for holding and moving
same 120, 128, 129, 130, the movable carriage 132, recorder, or reproducer 131.
all constructed and arranged, substantially as shown and described under Figs. 39.
40, 41. and 42.
56. In a sound recording, or reproducing, apparatus. the combination of a record-
tablet, a stationary tablet-carrier, a recorder. or reproducer, arranged to be carried or
moved over, the record-tablet and connected by a flexible tube to a mouth or car-piece
adjustably secured over, or in proximity to the tablet-carrier, substantially as shown
and described under Figs. 32. 33.
57. In a sound recording apparatus, a recorder consisting of a suitable containing
case, a diaphragm held therein, a recording pen, stvle, or graver actuated by the
diaphragm. and an adjustable tip or point, substantially as shown and described under
Fig 34
58. In a sound recording, or reproducing apparatus, a recorder, or reproducer.
consisting of a containing case adjustably mounted upon a support, with means for
adjusting and securing the same thereon, a diaphragm or vibrator properly held

page_text: within such containing case, a tracer or traveller secured to the vibrator and
passing through the support carrying the case, and means for adjusting and securing
the same to a movable carriage, substantially as shown and described under Fig. 42..
59. In a sound recording apparatus, a recording mechanism consisting of an
electrical sound transmitter electrically connected to and actuating an electro-magnetic
recording device having a suitable containing case, an electro-magnet secured therein,
a diaphragm secured to one leg of the electro-magnet, a recording point secured to
the diaphragm and an adjustable tip or end-piece, covering the recording point, sub-
stantially as shown and described under Fig. 35.
GO. In a sound recording, or reproducing apparatus, a recorder, or reproducer, fixed
adjustably upon a movable carriage, and arranged to be moved to and fro over the
record-tablet, upon, or in a suitable guide, substantially as shewn.
1. In a sound recording or reproducing apparatus, a record-tablet, a record
carrier, recorder or reproducer, a guide for the recorder or reproducer..and means for
adjusting the guide relatively to the record-tablet, substantially as shown and described
under Figs. 39, 40 and 41.
62. In a combined sound recording, and reproducing apparatus, a tablet-carrier, a
record-tablet, a recorder and a reproducer, the vibrator or diaphragm of the reproducer
having a greater diameter, than that of the diaphragm of the recorder, and as for the
purpose herein set forth.
63. In a Phonautographic or Phonographic system of recording articulate speech
and other sounds, the combination of suitable recording material or tablet, a stationary,
flat, tablet-carrier, recording devices, and means for forming the record of sound
vibrations-in-a-spiral line.
64. An improved sound recording apparatus, employing a stationary recording
material, and a recording device constructed and arranged to be carried manually or
otherwise, spirally over the recording material.
65. An improved sound recording apparatus employing a stationary, recording
surface, a recorder-mounted- adjustably, or interchangeably or both, upon a carriago
over the record-surface, a guide attached to the carriage, a spiral guide-plate in which
the guide moves for guiding the carriages and means for moving the guide in the
guide-plafe substantially as described.
66. An improved sound reproducing apparatus having a stationary record-carrier,
a record-tablet having a record of sound vibrations made thereon or therein, suitable
reproducing devices and means for carrying the same over the spirally formed record.
67. In a sound recording or reproducing apparatus, the combination of a circular,
flat, stationary, tablet-carrier, a tablet, means for securing the tablet. a recorder or
reproducer, means for supporting the same, and means for carrying the recorder or
reproducer in a spiral line over the recording material, or the record.
68. In a sound recording or reproducing apparatus. the combination of a flat.
tablet-carrier, a tablet, a clamping device, a recorder, or reproducer, a carriage for
same, a support for the carriage, a flat, guide-plate having a spiral groove formed
therein or thereon, a guide-piece on the carriage fitting in the spiral guide, and means
for moving the guide-piece over the spiral guide and producing a similar movement of
the recorder or reproducer over the tablet-carrier.
69. In a sound recording or reproducing apparatus, a stationary tablet-carrier, 46,
a spirally arranged guide-plate 151, secured thereto, a record-tablet 148. an annular
clamping device 149, a swinging, frictionally held carriage 156, having a longitudinal
movement, mounted upon a suitable support 155, a guide pin or piece 159, adjustably
secured to the carriage, and a suitable recorder or reproducer 161. adjustably or
interchangeably, or both, secured to the carriage, all constructed and operating sub-
stantially as shown and described under Figs. 45. 46.
70. A sound recording apparatus having a recording tracer attached to a lever
connected to the diaphragm or vibrator, of the apparatus, and fulcrumed to have an
increased amplitude of movement at the recorder, two or more times greater than that
of the vibrator, as and for the purpose set forth,

page_text: 71. A sound recording or reproducing apparatus, having an adjustable tracer or
traveller attached to a lever connected to the diaphragm or vibrator, substantially as
shown and described under Fig. 43.
72. In a Phonautographic or Phonographic system of recording and reproducing
sounds, a record-tablet having a base or foundation of paper, cloth, or other material;
first covered with wax, gelatine, or other similar substance, and then covered with a
layer of plumbago, as herein described.
73. In a Phonautographic or Phonographic system of recording and reproducing
sounds, a record-tablet of soft, porous paper or other material fully saturated with
wax, gelatine or oil of proper consistency, substantially as herein described.
74. In a sound reproducing apparatus, a reproducing mechanism consisting of a
mechanically operated electrical sound transmitter connected to and electrically
actuating an electro-magnetic receiver or reproducing device, arranged to be held
to the ear or secured upon the head, substantially as shown and described under
Figs. 36, 37.
15. The combination in an apparatus for reproducing sounds from records, of a
mechanically operated electrical sound transmitter, constructed and arranged to be
moved over a stationary record-tablet manually or otherwise, electro-magnetically
operated receiving or reproducing devices, suitable battery or electric generator,
and suitable electrical connections between the sound transmitter, sound reproducer
and battery, substantially as shown and described under Figs. 36, 87.
76. The combination in an apparatus for reproducing sounds from records, of a
record-tablet, a mechanically operated electrical sound transmitter, having a suitable
containing case, with an adjustable end piece 90. a diaphragm S7, mounted in said
case, a tracer or traveller SS, and an electrode 91, secured to or operated by the
diaphragm, a second electrode 92, suitably contacting with the electrode 91, and
proper connections to a battery and electro-magnetic receiving or reproducing devices,
substantially as shown and described under Figs. 36, 37.
ר
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