Improvements in Steam Generators and other Apparatus in which the Ebullition of Liquids is Effected.
Year: 1891

page_text: Date of Application, 14th Dec., 1891
Complete Specification Left, 13th Oct., 1892-Accepted, 10th Dec., 1892
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Steam Generators and other Apparatus in which
the Ebullition of Liquids is Effected.
I, JOHN GAMGEE of 6 Lingfield Road, Wimbledon, in the County of Surrey,
Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
This invention has reference primarily to steam generators or steam boilers, and
consists of various tubular arrangements whereby continuous circulation or forced con-
vection of the water or other liquid is obtained, so that the temperatures of the contents
of the boilers are equalized, thereby securing the maximum efficiency of heating
surfaces, preventing incrustation and increasing the safety of high pressure boilers.
The triple tubes described in the Specification of my Patent dated 16th August 1886,
No. 10494, and the extensions (now known as spouting cowls") to the Galloway
or cross tubes of a Lancashire or Cornish boiler as described in the Specification
of my Patent dated 4th December 1889, No. 19485, had the same and cognate
objects.
Experience had shown the great value of always projecting steam and water
into the steam space of a boiler, or in other words, providing for two or more
water levels in a steam generator; these levels may be permanent.
According to onc arrangement or construction which is more particularly
applicable to a locomotive or marine boiler, 1 form a chamber or chambers above
the crown sheet by making the crown sheet concave and covering over the concavity,
and I fit the chamber or chambers with one or more gravity pipes by which the
water descends into them from above. From each chamber one or more conical
tubes project up into one or more dones or chambers above the water level into
which they discharge the heated fluids (water and steam). Each dome or chamber
has perforations at top (or it may be open topped), through which the steam
which becomes separated from the water escapes into the steam space of the boiler,
while the hot expanded water rises in the chamber above the normal water level.
This water falls through tubes which may have small supplementary perforated
domes or open topped cones extending to above the normal water level and the
tubes can lead to any desired parts of the boiler so as to discharge the water at
these parts and thereby favor uniform temperature.
According to another arrangement or construction adapted for boilers of the
Lancashire or Cornish type with Galloway or cross tubes, I prolong the Galloway
or cross tubes to a point above the water level so that they discharge the mixed
steam and water into an open topped cone or a dome or chamber having perforations
at top for the escape of steam into the steam space of the boiler, and to this cone,
dome or chamber, I connect pipes which pass round the boiler flue and are preferably
concentric therewith. These concentric pipes lead the water from the cone or
dome and discharge it near the bottom of the flue.
According to another arrangement or construction place above the boiler a
steam cylinder or dome which has two or more communications with the boiler.
One or inore communications consist of a vertical pipe the lower end of which is
at about the normal water level in the boiler. while the upper end terminates in a
spouting cowl or other suitable outlet in the steam cylinder or dome above. The
mixed steam and water rush up this pipe and are discharged into the steam dome.
The other communication or communications consist of one or more return pipes
at the lower part of the steam dome for leading the hot water back to the hoiler,
this pipe or pipes have branches leading to any desired parts of the boiler so as to
discharge the returning hot water at these parts and thereby favor uniform
temperature. The return pipes preferably project some distance above the bottom

page_text: of the steam dome so that a second permanent water level is maintained in this
dome while all scum is trapped therein and can be drawn off by a suitable cock.
According to another arrangement or construction I combine with a cylindrical
or other boiler an upper cylinder or vessel which may either be partly sunk in
the boiler shell or be clear thereof, and from the boiler I carry up into the upper
cylinder any suitable number of pipes terminating preferably in spouting cowls.
These pipes are carried up to such a height in the upper cylinder that the water
forms a permanent level therein, in addition to the permanent level in the main
boiler.
In the furnace are a number of tubes preferably concentric with the boiler and
carried round the same, one end of each tube being connected with the lower
part of the upper cylinder and the other with the main boiler above the water
level. The mixed steam and water pass up the pipes from the main boiler and
are discharged through the spouting cowls into the upper cylinder. The steam
passes off into a steam dome or otherwise while the water returns by the con-
centric pipes to the main boiler causing a constant scouring action which prevents
incrustation and burning of the tubes. The feed water should always be supplied
to the upper vessel. The concentric pipes may be trapped to prevent tlie water
flowing through them in the wrong direction as it might be liable to do on starting
if the fire were hotter on the down-flow side of the pipes.
The various arrangements above described are applicable to apparatus for the
ebullition of liquids generally, for example to apparatus for the prompt
evaporation of low temperature liquids such as sulphur dioxide and ammonia.
Dated this 11th day of December 1891.
J. C. MEWBURN,
55 & 56, Chancery Lane, London, Chartered Patent Agent.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Steam Generators and other Apparatus in which
the Ebullition of Liquids is Effected.
I, JOHN GAMGEE of 6 Lingfield Road, Wimbledon in the County of Surrey,
Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner. the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement:-
This invention has reference primarily to steam generators or steam boilers' and
consists of various tubular arrangements whereby continuous circulation or forced
convection of the water or other liquid is obtained so that the temperatures of the
contents of the boilers are equalized, thereby securing the maximum efficiency of
heating surfaces, preventing incrustation and increasing the safety of high pressure
boilers.
J
The triple tubes described in the Specification of my Patent 'dated
16th August 1886 No. 10494, and the extensions (now known as “spouting
cowls to the Galloway or cross tubes of a Lancashire or Cornish boiler, 'aš
described in the Specification of my Patent dated 4th December 1889 No. 19485
had the same and cognate objects.
ני
Experience has shown the great value of always projecting steam' and 'water into
the steam space of a boiler, or in other words, providing for two or more water
levels in a steam generator. These levels inay be permanent 'as in 'the' arrange-
ments shown in Figures 5 to 8 of the accompanying drawings and 'hereinafter
described.
"
:
According to one arrangement or construction which is more particularly applicable
to a locomotive or marine boiler I form a chamber or chambers above the crown
sheet by making the crown sheet concave and covering over the concavity, and I
fit the chamber or chambers with one or more gravity pipes by which the 'water

page_text: descends into them from above. From each chamber one or more conical tubes
project up into one or more domes or chambers above the water level into which
they discharge the heated fluids (water and steam). Each dome or chamber has
perforations at top (or it may be open topped) through which the steam which
becomes separated from the water escapes into the steam space of the boiler, while
the hot expanded water rises in the chamber above the normal water level. This
water falls through tubes which may have small supplementary perforated domes
or open topped cones extending to above the normal water level, and the tubes
can lead to any desired parts of the boiler so as to discharge the water at these
parts and thereby favor uniform temperature. This arrangement will be understood
by reference to Figure 1, which is a transverse section of a locomotive boiler to
which it is fitted. is the crown sheet which is made concave.
も
a is a chamber
gare
above the crown sheet formed by covering over the concavity. care the gravity
pipes down which water passes into the chamber a; da conical tube projecting up
from this chamber into a dome or chamber e above. is a tubular cap above the
tube d in the dome e to prevent the water from striking against and spreading
over the inside of the top of the dome or passing through the perforations.
the perforations at top of the dome for the escape of the steam into the steam space
of the boiler. Instead of having perforations the dome e may be open topped.
hh are tubes through which the hot water flows from the dome e to the tubes i i
which lead to any desired parts of the boiler. kk are small supplementary
perforated domes (or they may be open topped cones) at top of the tubes ii to
allow of the escape of steam therefrom.
According to another arrangement or construction adapted for boilers of the
Lancashire or Cornish type with Galloway or cross tubes, I prolong the Galloway
or cross tubes to a point above the water level so that they discharge the mixed
steam and water into an open topped cone or a dome or chamber having perforations
at top for the escape of steam into the steam space of the boiler, and to this cone,
dome or chamber I connect pipes which pass round the boiler flue and are preferably
concentric therewith. These concentric pipes lead the water from the cone or dome
and discharge it near the bottom of the flue. This arrangement is illustrated in
Figure 2. a is the flue, bb the Galloway or cross tubes, d d the extensions of these
tubes terminating above the water level in open cones e, or they may be domes or
chambers perforated at top. hh are the concentric pipes which lead the water
from the cone e and discharge it near the bottom of the flue.
According to another arrangement or construction I place above the boiler a
steam cylinder or dome which has two or more communications with the boiler.
One or more communications consist of a vertical pipe the lower end of which is
at about the normal water level in the boiler, while the upper end terminates in
a spouting cowl or other suitable outlet in the steam cylinder or dome above.
The mixed steam and water rush up this pipe and are discharged into the steam
dome. The other communication or communications consist of one or more
return pipes at the lower part of the steam dome for leading the hot water back
to the boiler; the pipe or pipes have branches leading to any desired parts of the
boiler so as to discharge the returning hot water at these parts and thereby favor
uniform temperature. The return pipes preferably project some distance above
the bottom of the steam dome so that a second permanent water level is maintained
in this dome, while all scum is trapped therein and can be drawn off by a suitable
cock. This arrangement is shown in Figures 3 and 4. d is a vertical pipe by
which the mixed steam and water rush up into the cylinder or steam dome e above,
being discharged into this cylinder through the spouting cowl d. is a pipe by
which the hot water returns from the cylinder e to the boiler, and ii are branches
from this pipe leading to various parts of the boiler. The pipe is shown as
projecting some distance above the bottom of the cylinder e as already described.
According to another arrangement or construction I combine with a cylindrical or
other boiler an upper cylinder or vessel which may either be partly sunk in the
boiler shell or be clear thereof, and from the boiler I carry up into the upper

page_text: cylinder any suitable number of pipes terminating preferably in spouting cowls.
These pipes are carried up to such a height in the upper cylinder that the water
forms a permanent level therein, in addition to the permanent level in the main
boiler. In the furnace are a number of tubes preferably concentric with the boiler
and carried round the same, one end of each tube, being connected with the lower
part of the upper cylinder and the other with the main boiler above the water
level. The mixed steam and water pass up the pipes from the main boiler and
are discharged through the spouting cowls into the upper cylinder. The steam
passes off into a steam dome or otherwise while the water returns by the concentric
tubes to the main boiler, causing a constant scouring action which prevents
incrustation and burning of the tubes. Figures 5 and 6 represent this arrange-
ment or construction in the case where the upper cylinder is partly sunk in the
boiler shell and Figures 7 and 8 show it in the case where the upper cylinder is
clear of the main boiler. is the main boiler and mm are fire tubes. d d are
vertical pipes through which the mixed steam and water pass up from the boiler,
being discharged through the spouting cowls d' into the upper cylinder e.
hhare the concentric tubes by which the hot water returns from the cylinder e
to the main boiler 1. The pipes d are carried up to such a height in the upper
cylinder e that the water forms a second permanent level, and the water flowing
through the tubes causes a constant scouring action which prevents incrustation
and burning of the tubes. n is a steam dome into which the steam passes from the
cylinder e. The feed water should always be supplied to the upper cylinder or
vessel e. The concentric tubes may be trapped to prevent the water flowing through
them in the wrong direction, as it might be liable to do on starting if the fire were
hotter on the downflow side of the tube.
The various arrangements above described are applicable to apparatus for the
ebullition of liquids generally, for example to apparatus for the prompt evaporation
of low temperature liquids such as sulphur dioxide and ammonia.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is
1. In a steam generator or other apparatus for the ebullition of liquids, a
perforated dome or chamber or open-topped cone into which the mixed steam
and water (or vapor and liquid) rise from the boiler in action, and in which the
steam or vapor becomes separated from the liquid and escapes by the perforations
or open top, and tubes leading from the lower part of the said dome or cone to
return the water to any desired parts of the boiler below the water level, sub-
stantially as and for the purpose hereinbefore described.
2. In a steam generator or other apparatus constructed as referred to in
Claim 1, one or more supplementary perforated domes or open-topped cones in the
tubes through which the liquid returns to the boiler from the main dome,
substantially as described.
3. In a locomotive or marine boiler, a chamber or chambers above the crown
sheet, one or more gravity pipes by which the water descends into the said
chamber or chambers, and a tube or tubes projecting up from the said chamber
or chambers to above the water level of the boiler substantially as and for the
purpose herein before described.
4. The arrangement or construction of steam generator or apparatus for the
ebullition of liquids, substantially as shown in Figure 1 and hereinbefore described.
5. In a steam boiler of the Cornish or Lancashire type which has Galloway or
cross tubes, an extension of the cross tubes terminating above the water level in an
open-topped cone or perforated dome or chamber from which the steam that
separates from the water escapes, and tubes concentric with the boiler flue or
otherwise shaped leading from the lower part of the said open top cone or
dome to near the bottom of the flue, substantially as described and represented in
.Figure 2.

page_text: 6. In a steam generator or other apparatus for the ebullition of liquids, a
cylinder or dome above the generator and having two or more communications
therewith, one or more of these communications serving to carry up the mixed
steam and water (or vapor and liquid) and to discharge them through a "spouting
cowl":
or other suitable outlet into the said cylinder or dome, and the other
communication or communications serving to return the water from the said
cylinder or dome to the generator and having branches leading to any desired parts
of the generator below the water level, substantially as described and represented
in Figures 3 and 4.
7. In a steam generator or other apparatus for the ebullition of liquids, a cylinder
or vessel above the generator or boiler, one or more tubes to carry up the mixed
steam and water (or vapor and liquid) and to discharge them into the upper
vessel, and one or more tubes for the return of the water, these tubes lending from
the lower part of the upper vessel and passing concentrically or otherwise
around the boiler or generator within the furnace and terminating in the upper
part of the boiler, substantially as hereinbefore described and represented in
Figures 5 to 8.
8. In a steam generator or other apparatus for the ebullition of liquids, a
cylinder or vessel above the generator or boiler and so connected therewith
that two permanent water levels are established, the one in the main generator
or boiler and the other in the upper cylinder or vessel, substantially as set forth.
Dated this 10th day of October 1892.
J. C. MEWBURN,
55 & 56, Chancery Lane, London, Chartered Patent Agent.