Year: 1885

page_text: I CORNELIUS WALTON of 63 Queen Victoria Street in the City of London,
Engineer do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
My invention refers to that class of machine where the materials to be moulded
and pressed are fed to the moulds from a receiver above saine.
The material thus supplied may be utilized for the manufacture of bricks, tiles,
blocks, lumps, mosaic tiles, drain pipes or other articles as well as for forming other
substances such as loose granular sugar into cubes, tablets and the like.
When clay is the material to be fed into the machine the receiver assumes the
form of a pug mill but when loose granular material such as sugar is to be supplied
the receiver is so adapted that steam, air or water may be introduced round the
receiver so as to regulate the temperature and condition of the material to render
it suitable for introduction to the moulds and the special object of the invention is
to produce a machine which is simple in construction, not liable to break down and
capable of doing a considerable quantity of good work, points which are of great
importance in places especially where skilled labour is not easily obtained.
At the lower end of the receiver I provide an outlet or outlets through which
the clay or other material or materials is delivered into exchangeable dies or moulds
of the number, shape, size or form required, the contents thereof being pressed
discharged and delivered all as hereafter described.
During the operation of filling the moulds I, at or about the same time lower
into position for pressing and press the contents of another or of a series of moulds
previously filled in the same manner; the pressure being applied from above and
below simultaneously.
After pressure has been applied the pressed contents are raised to the level of
the top of the moulds which may form a portion of the traversing or sliding table
the up-lifted moulded articles being automatically removed towards one end of the
traversing or sliding table which there acts as a delivery table.
During the removal of the pressed contents from the die to the delivery table
another die or dies is simultaneously carried from the position in which it was

page_text: filled from the receiver to the position where the contents are subjected to pressure
after which the same operation of emptying the die or dies and removal of the
pressed contents of the same to the delivery table is performed.
To produce the pressure I employ combined cranks and cams or equivalent
means, and to prevent breakage of parts of machinery or apparatus through the
resistance of a stone or stones or other hard substances in the clay or other
material or materials or over-filling of the dies, I employ springs or equivalent
means which yield to any excessive resistance or over-filling.
The base of the pug mill or receiver may form a chamber or chambers from
which the materials can be forced out through suitable outlet or die according to
the article to be produced.
The machine is arranged so as to simultaneously make pressed bricks, tiles,
blocks, lumps or other articles; and drain pipes solid or perforated unpressed
bricks and other articles; or to make pressed bricks, tiles, blocks, lumps or other
articles only without making drain pipes, solid or perforated, unpressed bricks or
the reverse as may be desired.
The lifting or bottom pressing. ram is formed so as to enable the articles such as
bricks, tiles, blocks, lumps mosaic tiles or other articles having one or more cavities
or hollows with or without an underside frog or recess and vertical holes or
cavities to be made, pressed, discharged, and placed on the delivery table while
they or any of them remain flat, and resting on the whole of their under or bearing
surfaces, and without being tilted partly on one side or edge or placed at an angle
so as to ease and facilitate the delivery of the brick or any said articles in such
last named manner which tends to destroy the edges of the bricks or other articles
80 delivered.
When using this machinery or apparatus for forming loose granular sugar or
other suitable material or inaterials into cubes, tablets and the like I use instead of
the pug mill a jacketted annular receiver so that by the use of hot water, steam,
hot air, or other means the granular sugar or other material or materials may be
better regulated to any desired temperature.
In this annular receiver works one or more stirrers or agitators fixed on a
vertical shaft, which stirs or agitates and feeds the granular sugar or other
material or materials into the die or dies, or mould or moulds in the traversing or
sliding table.
The operation of pressing the granular sugar or other material or materials when
in the die or moulds, and, after such pressure, of raising and delivering the uplifted
pressed cubes, tablets and the like in the same manner as herein before described is
applicable to the making of bricks, mosaic tiles or other articles.

page_text: and other Material into Bricks, Tiles, and other Forms
or Shapes.
I, CORNELIUS WALTON, of, 63 Queen Victoria Street in the City of London,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the
same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement :-
My invention refers to that class of machine where the materials to be moulded
and pressed are fed to the moulds from a receiver above same.
The material thus supplied may be utilized for the manufacture of bricks, tiles,
blocks, lumps, mosaic tiles, drain pipes, or other articles as well as for forming
other substances such as loose granular sugar into cubes, tablets, and the like.
When clay is the material to be fed into the machine the receiver assumes the
form of a pug mill but when loose granular material such as sugar is to be supplied
the receiver is so adapted that steam, air, or water, may be introduced round the
receiver so as to regulate the temperature and condition of the material to render
it suitable for introduction to the moulds and the special object of the invention is
to produce a machine which is simple in construction, not liable to break down
and capable of doing a considerable quantity of good work, points which are of
great importance in places especially where skilled labour is not easily obtained.
At the lower end of the receiver into which I provide an outlet or outlets through
which the clay, or other material, or materials, is delivered into exchangeable dies,
or moulds, of the number, shape, size, or form, required, the contents thereof being
pressed, discharged, and delivered all as hereafter described.
During the operation of filling the moulds, I, at, or about, the same time, lower
into position for pressing and press the contents of another or of a series of moulds
previously filled in the same manner; the pressure being applied from above and
below simultaneously.
After pressure has been applied the pressed contents are raised to the level of
the top of the moulds which may form a portion of the traversing or sliding table,
the up-lifted moulded articles being automatically removed towards one end of the
traversing or sliding table which there acts as a delivery table.
During the removal of the pressed contents from the die to the delivery table
another die or dies is simultaneously carried from the position in which it was
filled from the receiver to the position where the contents are subjected to pressure
after which the same operation of emptying the die or dies and removal of the
pressed contents of the same to the delivery table is performed.
To produce the pressure I employ combined cranks and cams or equivalent means,
and to prevent breakage of parts of machinery or apparatus through the resistance
of a stone or stones or other hard substances in the clay or other material or
materials, or over-filling of the dies, I employ springs or equivalent means which
yield to any excessive resistence or over-filling.
The base of the pug mill or receiver may form a chamber or chambers from
which the materials can be forced out through suitable outlet or die according to
the article to be produced, ·

page_text: tooth or cam; and when only drain pipes, solid or perforated unpressed bricks or
other articles which may be made in the dies c, c (Figures 14 and 15) the sleeve
or coupling M' is lowered or disengaged from the revolving tooth or cam M.
When either of the dies or moulds is thus moved into the extreme position to
the right or to the left respectively its contents are subjected to a top pressure by
a descending crosshead N which is mounted on guide rods N¹ passing through
suitable guides on the side framing of the machine actuated by the crank shafts O
the crank pin of which works in sliding block O¹ which moves between slotted
links P and are attached to the guide rods N¹.
The crankshafts O are placed longitudinally with the machine and receive
motion by means of the mitre gear R from the vertical shaft B.-The contents of
the dies or moulds are simultaneously exposed to pressure from below by the
bottom ram S having an antifriction roller S¹, the latter comes into contact with
cam T fixed on the web of the crank shaft O.
. The subsequent upward motion of the bottom ram S and the receding of the
crosshead N delivers the formed brick on the top of the table J, when the bottom
ram S has been lifted by the cam T until its surface is level with the top of the
traversing or sliding table, the automatic acting bolts U which work in bearings
in the sliding table J see Figure 4 and Figure 2B are pressed into a corresponding
hole U in the bottom ram by the spiral springs U and cross bar U³ Figure 5
when the traversing or sliding table has been moved laterally backwards a given
distance; levers V pivotted on each side of the sliding table J are brought into
contact with the stops V₁ fixed on each side of the frame of the machine, the
levers V being jointed to allow of return motion and by means of a slot V*
withdraws the bolts U by rods U and releases the bottom ram which descends
and is received on the guides J' on which the antifriction rollers S³ traverse at the
required depth to receive its quantity of clay or other material or materials.-The
ends of the traversing or sliding table J J may be fitted with antifriction rollers
and carrying cloth as shown or the surface may be flat if desired.
To prevent breakage from a stone or stones or other hard substance or substances
or from the die being overfilled and to more evenly distribute the pressure over
the top of the brick or other article I fit the crosshead N with a moveable top
ram N³ having a spindle N' passing through the top of the crosshead N, and being
held in position by means of a nut and washer in the crosshead N, and on the top
of the moveable top ram I employ a series of spiral or volute springs or a single
spiral or volute spring adjusted to a given pressure.
The front F of the apertures F are made loose so that any examination may be
readily made in the event of any stone or stones or other hard substance or
substances becoming jammed between it and the edge of the die G; as steel
knife X is bolted to and adjusted close to the surface of the traversing table J to
shear the clay or other material or materials as the traversing or sliding table is
being propelled forward for the clay or other material or materials to receive
pressure.
The bottom ram S is made hollow and fitted with an inner ram S' working
freely therein, and through which rams pass cotters H the projecting ends of
which work in vertical slots H₁in the travelling tables J: these cotters project
beyond the outer ram S.-When the die or mould G is brought under the
crosshead N-(see Figure 1)-to be pressed the cams T through the runner S¹ press
the bottom ram S thereby exerting the requisite pressure simultaneously with the
crosshead N on the material under treatment.-When the crosshead N recedes, the
pressure is relieved and the cam T raises the ram S until the cotters H come in
contact with the top of the recess or vertical slot H¹ in the sliding or traversing.
table J which lowers the inner ram S' a fixed distance regulated by the
clearance H allowed between the cotters H and the outer ram S and so arranged
as to allow bricks or other articles to pass over on the table J clear of the inner
ram S-Figures 6, 7, 89, 10 are end, sectional," and side elevations of dies or
moulds for making partly perforated bricks,-Figures 11, 12, and 18 are end

page_text: sectional, and side elevations and plan of the dies suitable for making sugar cubes,
tablets, mosaic tiles and other articles; the working is similar to those above
described with the exception of Figures 11, 12 and 13 which are not provided with
an inner ram.
Figures 14, 15 and 16 are front and side elevations, and plan, respectively, of
a pug mill or receiver where there is a branch on side to which is bolted a box, a,
of rectangular or other section on which is fixed a cover or plate b having one or
more annular or other suitably shaped openings or discs o formed in it suspended
or held concentrically within the shaped openings formed in the cover and held in
position by a bridle piece d for the purpose of making drain pipes, tiles, and other
articles.
Figure 19 is a half sectional elevation showing the jacketted annular receiver
which is employed when loose granular sugar or other material or materials is to
be passed through the machine to be made into cubes, tablets, or other articles;
e is the casing of the receiver which optionally may be fitted with coils or pipes;
f is the jacket and 9 the space through which I pass steam, hot or cold water, air
or other gases or fluids. h are the stirrers or agitators which may be varied in
form or number as required.
The operation of the machine is as follows:-
The material is delivered down through the outlets F into the moulds G, the
lower ram S S occupying for example the position shewn at Figure 3ª which
together with the traversing or sliding tables J are moved laterally by the cam or
crank M; when one or other of the moulds has traversed so far to the right or left
as to be under one of the crossheads N, the crosshead is depressed by the guide
rods N¹, at or about the same time the corresponding bottom ram S is lowered (as
the upper N³ descends) from the position shewn at Figure 3A (which is the position
at which it arrives under the crosshead) and then before the descent of the upper
ram is completed the ram S is again raised by cam T assuming for example the
position shewn by Figure 3B so that the clay or other material in the mould is
simultaneously compressed from above and below; the pressed clay or other
material or materials is then forced out of the mould G in the traversing or sliding
table J, by the rising of the bottom ram S and the receding of the cross-head N,
which bottom ram S S¹ would then for example assume the position shewn by
Figure 30; at or about this instant the sliding table J is moved back laterally,
whereby the pressed clay or other material or materials comes in contact with the
pushing off piece F* and remains there until the traversing or sliding table J
returns to its first position, when the pressed clay or other material will be carried
along the traversing or sliding table J, from which it is then taken off by hand or
otherwise.
It is obvious that the underneath pressure from the multiple bottom ram may
be obtained by the inner ram S' instead of the outer S with some slight
modifications of construction if required or desired.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
Invention, and in what manner the same is performed I declare that what
I claim in machines for pressing and moulding clay and other materials into bricks,
tiles, and other articles is :-
First: The general arrangement and combination of cranks and cams or mere
mechanical equivalent means for alternately compressing clay or other material or
materials in the mould and so to give a top & bottom pressure simultaneously, to
raise the article clear of the mould and to support the same until the mould has
been moved laterally all substantially as set forth.
Second-The particular arrangement and combination of top crosshead, with
movable top plunger or ram combined with spiral or volute spring or springs so
arranged as to yield to any excess of pressure exerted on the brick, tile, block,
lump, mosaic tile, augar cubes or tablets, or other articles all substantially as set
forth.

page_text: Third: The arrangement and combination of traversing or sliding table, with
multiple plungers arranged to optionally make perforated, or partly perforated, or
indented pressed bricks on either top or bottom surfaces or both all substantially
as set forth.
Fourth-The arrangement of revolving tooth or crank and anti-friction rollers
for giving the necessary lateral movement to the sliding table, substantially as set
forth.
Fifth-The arrangement of horizontal guide bars or ram roller path for
supporting a bottom plunger or ram when moulds are being filled and afterwards
allowing the said plungers or rams to lower in position so as to avoid waste of clay
or other material when the pressure of the top ram commences or is exerted all
substantially as set forth.
Sixth-The arrangement of bottom plunger for optionally making perforated
or partly perforated or indented bricks on either top or bottom surfaces, or on both
such surfaces, as desired, all substantially as set forth.
Seventh-The arrangement of automatic locking bolts for supporting the bottom
rams after they have been raised to the surface of the traversing table and
maintaining the said bottom rams in such position until the receding or inward
traverse of the said die or mould or table has been effected to such a distance as is
suitable for the proper delivery of the pressed brick or bricks or other article or
articles; after which distance of traverse has been effected, the said locking bolt
or bolts are automatically freed from the said bottom ram or rams which said
bottom ram or rams thereby become released and freed to descend to the desired
depth of mould or die as regulated by the horizontal guide bars during the filling
of the mould or moulds or die or dies all substantially as set forth.
Eigth-In machines for making pressed bricks and other articles the formation
of pug mill base so as to form a chamber or chambers where the clay can be forc-d
through a suitable outlet or die or suitable outlets or dies so as to inake different
varieties of drain pipes, tiles, and various unpressed articles when required all
substantially as set forth.
Ninth-The arrangement and combination of machine with a jacketted hopper
or receiver, a sliding table and the lower rains suitable for forming loose granular
sugar or other material or materials into cubes tablets and other forms all
substantially as set forth.
Dated this twentythird day of June 1986