IMPROVE- MENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR WASHING, DYEING, AND OTHERWISE TREATING FIBROUS SUBSTANCES AND OTHER MATERIALS
Year: 1872

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Henry Bernoulli Barlow, of Manchester, in the
County of Lancaster, Patent Agent, for the Invention of " IMPROVE-
MENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR WASHING, DYEING, AND OTHERWISE
TREATING FIBROUS SUBSTANCES AND OTHER MATERIALS."-A communication
from abroad by Pierre Victor Renard, of Paris, in the Republic of
France
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Henry Bernoulli Barlow
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 28th May 1872.
I, HENRY BERNOULLI BARLOW, of Manchester, in the County of
5 Lancaster, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR WASHING,
DYEING, AND OTHERWISE TREATING FIBROUS SUBSTANCES AND OTHER MATERIALS,”
a communication to me from abroad by Pierre Victor Renard, of Paris,
in the Republic of France, to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in an improved centrifugal machine, which
may be used to cause a continuous circulation of water or other liquid

page_text: or steam or hot air. This machine may be used for dyeing and
extracting the oil from yarns and slivers of wool; also for dyeing cotton
or other yarns and fabrics; also for washing yarns and fabrics, and for
tanning skins, and for otherwise treating fibrous substances and other
materials by causing a circulation of liquid or fluid through them.
The cage of the centrifugal machine is immersed in the dye or other
liquid, which is contained in a suitable cistern heated by steam or
otherwise. The cage is made of perforated sheet copper or other
material. The yarns or other articles to be operated upon are placed
inside the cage, which in revolving causes the liquid to flow in from
above, and expels it through the perforations. The cistern is provided
with a cover and with splash rims to prevent the escape of the liquid;
also with supply and discharge taps.
In order to facilitate the penetration of the dye or other liquid
through the yarn, it is wound on hollow perforated metal tubes or on
fluted skewers; and in testing the colour a portion of the fibrous
material or yarn is placed in a perforated tube, which is let into the
cage and taken out when required.
In washing balls or cops of yarn or slivers they are placed on a frame
with a wire cloth bottom. Similar frames are piled in succession on the
first, each containing a layer of balls or cops of yarn. The whole are
then connected to a revolving crank which lifts them out of and dips
them into the washing liquor; or slivers of wool may be washed by
passing them between rollers revolving in a cistern, and then drying
them on heated metal cylinders.

page_text: of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-two, in the thirty-
fifth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said Henry Bernoulli Barlow, Her special
licence that I, the said Henry Bernoulli Barlow, my executors, admini-
strators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Henry Bernoulli
Barlow, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time
agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Ireland, the Channel Islands and Isle of Man, an Invention for "Im-
PROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR WASHING, DYEING, AND OTHERWISE
TREATING FIBROUS SUBSTANCES AND OTHER MATERIALS," being a communication
to me from abroad by Pierre Victor Renard, of Paris, in the Republic of
France, upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Henry
Bernoulli Barlow, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in
writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should
particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and
in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to
be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next
and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Henry Bernoulli Barlow, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement (that is to say) :-
This Invention consists in an improved centrifugal machine for pro-
ducing a continuous circulation of water or other liquid or steam or hot
air. This machine may be used for dyeing and extracting the oil from
yarns and slivers of wool; also for dyeing cotton and other yarns and
fabrics, and for tanning skins, and for otherwise treating fibrous
substances and other materials by causing a circulation of liquid or fluid
through them.
And in order that the Invention may be fully understood and readily
carried into operation, I will proceed to describe the accompanying Sheet
of Drawings, reference being had to the figures and letters marked
thereon.
Fig. 1 is a vertical section of the improved machinery or apparatus,

page_text: The cistern K containing the liquid to be agitated by the centrifugal
apparatus must be sufficiently strong to support the machinery, which
drives the upright shaft L at a speed varying from twenty to two
thousand revolutions per minute. The size of the cistern will vary
according to the particular purpose for which the apparatus is required,
and it is wider at one end than at the other, as shewn in Fig. 2. The
cistern K is or may be lined with sheet copper g, or other metal or
material.
The cistern K is provided with a discharge tap R, below which a vat
or boiler may be placed to receive the liquid from the cistern K.
Between the wider and narrower ends of the cistern K is the par-
tition F, which fits in grooved guides f¹, and which is curved to the
radius of the large part of the cistern. It is from four to six inches from
the bottom of the cistern, and it should not exceed in height the top of
the orifice y in the cover of the revolving cage S. The partition F is
held in this position by bolts, and its object is to ensure a thorough
mixing of the colouring or other solution by the constant circulation
thereof.
A thermometer may be placed at t to indicate the temperature of the
bath or solution in the cistern, which is heated by the coil of perforated
pipes V, one end of which is connected to a steam pipe.
The cage S is made by preference of perforated sheet copper, and to
the shaft L is fixed the brass or other metal centre piece supporting the
cone S¹, which assists in forming the partial vacuum or to distribute the
liquid, the steam, or the heat in the cistern. The shaft L works in a
footstep, which is lubricated through the tube v. The upper part of the
cage S is provided with a cover S³, which is securely held by the bolts or
buttons T. The cover is in one or more parts, and when closed the air
or liquid can only enter through the orifice y.
In some cases the cone S¹ may be dispensed with, and the cover S³
may be made of a perforated plate. The orifice y may also be covered
by a sheet of metal. These modifications may be necessary according to
the nature of the process to be performed.
The cage S is about four or six inches from the bottom of the cistern,
and from eight to ten inches below the level of the liquid in the cistern.
The upper edge of the cistern is provided with a copper or other metal
flange, which prevents the liquid from boiling or running over. This

page_text: flange is held by the cast-iron band P which supports the lid K'. This
lid keeps in the heat, and prevents the liquid escaping. The opening L¹
is to allow any liquid that might escape on to the lid to run back into
the cistern. The lid is made in several pieces, each of which has a
handle C.
The cops, balls, or bobbins of spun or unspun wool or other yarn or
fibrous substances are placed on metal spindles or skewers, either plain
or hollow, or hollow perforated or fluted, as represented in Figs. 3 and 4.
Fig. 3 represents a hollow spindle and a key or wedge, both perforated to
allow the colour to penetrate. The fluted spindle and key or wedge
shewn in Fig. 4 is for the same object.
In small apparatus the cops, balls, or bobbins are placed direct in the
cage S, but in large machines it is preferable to use perforated boxes
fitting in the cage. By this means several different qualities can be
operated upon at the same time. This arrangement also allows spare
boxes to be filled while others are in use, and when the operation is
completed the boxes are taken out, instead of having to take out the
cops, balls, or bobbins separately. By this means the machine has only
to be stopped to remove the boxes and to replace others.
In operating on slivers of combed wool wound on bobbins it is
desirable, before placing them in the cage S, to put each bobbin in a bag
of woven fabric which will adapt itself to the form of the bobbin.
The die for various colours is prepared in the ordinary manner.
In order to sample portions of the combed wool or to examine the
progress of the operation while the dyeing or other process is going on,
I attach a piece of the sliver to the perforated tube G, see Fig. 7, which
tube is hooked to the cover of the cage S or connected to the shaft L,
and in taking samples of bobbins, balls, or cops of yarn I suspend the
saine in a perforated tube, as shewn in Fig. 8, and place it in the cage;
but the sampling may be done in any other convenient manner.
For washing cops I use the apparatus shewn in Fig. 5. C¹, C², are
two wood frames, to which is nailed the wire cloth A. These frames
have a hole at each corner fitting on the rods b. The frame C² is a little
recessed from i to k, to allow the water to circulate underneath. The
cops are placed carefully on the wire cloth, and as soon as one frame is
filled another is placed over it on the rods 6 and again filled.
The cops

page_text: reference to Fig. 3 and 4, by means of which the dyeing or other liquid
is enabled to penetrate into the centre of the cop, ball, or bobbin.
Thirdly. The improved apparatus for washing cops, balls, and bobbins,
as shewn and described.
And lastly. The improved apparatus for washing and drying slivers of
combed or unspun wool or other fibrous materials, as described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Henry Bernoulli Barlow, have
hereto set my hand and seal, this Twenty-seventh day of
November One thousand eight hundred and seventy-two.
H. B. BARLOW. (L.S.)