IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANU. FACTURE OF SHEET METAL, AND IN INGOTS OR PLATES OF METAL, AND IN THE MACHINERY OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN."
Year: 1863

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Arthur Kinder, of 20, Cannon Street, in the City of
London, Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANU.
FACTURE OF SHEET METAL, AND IN INGOTS OR PLATES OF METAL, AND IN THE
MACHINERY OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Arthur Kinder at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
28th April 1868.
I, ARTHUR KINDER, of 20, Cannon Street, in the City of London, Engincer,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE MANUFACTURE OF SHEET METAL, AND IN INGOTS OR PLATES OF METAL, AND IN
THE MACHINERY OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN," to be as follows :-
This Invention relates partly to a peculiar combination and arrangement of
rolls and apparatus connected therewith to be employed in rolling sheet lead
or other soft metal, whereby the adhesion of the sheet metal to the rolling
surfaces is prevented, and a better and more even sheet is obtained.
According to this part of my Invention I propose to place in front of the
laminating rolls, and in close proximity thereto a small guiding roller for the
purpose of guiding the sheet accurately as it enters the laminating rolls.
I also place a series of guide bars or plates in front of the rolls, so
that the necessary strain upon the sheet may be obtained by the tortuous
passage of the sheet through them. One or more "doctors," either fixed

page_text: or rotatory, are situate on the delivery side of the laminating rolls with a
view to the preventing the sheet from adhering to the rolling surfaces, and a
pair of scrapers mounted on rocking shafts and brought to a knife edge may
be employed, the scrapers being held against the two rolling surfaces by the
action of a spring connected to the levers which carry the scrapers; these
scrapers are situate on the delivery side of the rolls close to the part where the
sheet passes out. After passing these "doctors," the sheet passes over a guide
roller, and thence between a pair of delivering rolls, which may in some cases
be made to act as drawing rollers by driving them a little faster than the
laminating rolls, or a pair of finishing rolls may be introduced either before
or after the drawing rolls. Tho sheet as it leaves the delivering rolls or finishing
rolls may either be cut into lengths by any convenient cutting apparatus, or
wound on a beam or receiving roller. The guide rollers may be fluted
diagonally, or screwed right and left from the centre, or they may have their
axes disposed at an angle horizontally with a view to the more effectual
stretching of the sheet laterally. Flat bars fluted diagonally may be employed
in some cases.
In order to keep the laminating rolls clean, I propose to employ two cleaning
rolls covered with cloth, and revolving in contact with the laminating rolls,
but in an opposite direction, so as to rub the surface effectually. For this
purpose a longitudinal vibrating motion may be imparted to the cleaning rolls,
which should be kept supplied occasionally with any suitable cleaning powder.
A break is applied to the coil beam or roller, whereby any degree of strain or
tension may be put upon the sheet as it enters the rolling mill.
Another part of my Invention relates to the preparation of ingots or plates
of lead and tin combined, which ingots or plates are to be subsequently
laminated to form thin sheets of lead coated or covered with tin. In preparing
the ingot or plate the lead is first cast in a metal mould having raised sides or
fillets, which project above the surface of the lead more or less, according to
the thickness of tin to be applied. Upon these fillets is placed a receiver for
the melted tin, in the bottom of which a slit is made extending from side to
side of the mould, and so soon as the tin is poured into this receiver it escapes
through the slit on to the surface of the lead in the mould, and the receiver
being drawn along the fillets it not only deposits the tin equally over the lead,
but the bottom of the receiver acts also as a sleeker in smoothing the surface
of the tin and rendering it level and even with the upper edges of the fillets.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Arthur Kinder in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
27th October 1863.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, ARTHUR
KINDER, of 20, Cannon Street, in the City of London, Engineer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-eighth day of April, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-three, in the twenty-sixth year of
Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto
me, the said Arthur Kinder, Her special license that I, the said Arthur
Kinder, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I,
the said Arthur Kinder, my executors, administrators, or assigns, should at
any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times
thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "Iμ-
PROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SHEET METAL, AND IN INGOTS OR PLATES OF
METAL, AND IN THE MACHINERY OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN," upon the
condition (amongst others) that I, the said Arthur Kinder, my executors
or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my hand and seal, or
under the hand and seal of one of them, should particularly describe and
ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the
same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal
Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the
date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Arthur Kinder, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement, reference being had to the accompanying Drawings, and to the
letters and figures marked thereon, that is to say:-
The said Invention relates partly to a peculiar combination and arrangement
of rolls and apparatus connected therewith to be employed in rolling sheet
lead or other soft metal, whereby the adhesion of the sheet metal to the rolling
surfaces is prevented and a better and more even sheet is obtained.
According to this part of my Invention, I propose to place in front of the
laminating rolls, and in close proximity thereto, a small guiding roller for the
purpose of guiding the sheet accurately, as it enters the laminating rolls. I
also place a series of guide bars or plates in front of the rolls, so that the

page_text: necessary strain upon the sheet may be obtained by the tortuous passage of
the sheet through them. One or more "doctors," either fixed or rotatory, are
situate on the delivery side of the laminating rolls with a view to the preventing
the sheet from adhering to the rolling surfaces. And a pair of scrapers
mounted on rocking shafts and brought to a knife edge may be employed, the
scrapers being held against the two rolling surfaces by the action of a spring
connected to the levers which carry the scrapers. These scrapers are situate on
the delivery side of the rolls, close to the part where the sheet passes out. After
passing these "doctors" the sheet passes over a guide roller, and thenco
between a pair of delivering rolls, which may in some cases be made to act
as drawing rollers by driving them a little faster than the laminating rolls, or
a pair of finishing rolls may be introduced, either before or after the drawing
rolls. The sheet, as it leaves the delivering rolls or finishing rolls, may either
be cut into lengths by any convenient cutting apparatus, or wound on a beam
or receiving roller. The guide rollers may be fluted diagonally or screwed
right and left from the centre, or they may have their axes disposed at an
angle horizontally with a view to the more effectual stretching of the sheet
laterally. Flat bars fluted diagonally may be employed in some cases.
In order to keep the laminating rolls clean, I propose to employ two
cleaning rolls covered with cloth and revolving in contact with the laminating
rolls, but in an opposite direction, so as to rub the surface effectually. For
this purpose a longitudinal vibrating motion may be imparted to the cleaning
rolls, which should be kept supplied occasionally with any suitable cleaning
powder. A break is applied to the coil beam or roller, whereby any degree of
strain or tension may be put upon the sheet as it enters the rolling mill.
Another part of my Invention relates to the preparation of ingots or plates
of lead and tin combined, which ingots or plates are to be subsequently lami-
nated to form thin sheets of lead coated or covered with tin. In preparing tho
ingot or plate, the lead is first cast in a metal mould having raised sides or fillets,
which project above the surface of the lead more or less according to the
thickness of tin to be applied. Upon these fillets is placed a receiver for the
melted tin, in the bottom of which a slit is made extending from side to side
of the mould, and so soon as the tin is poured into this receiver, it escapes
through the slit on to the surface of the lead in the mould, and the receiver
being drawn along the fillets, it not only deposits the tin equally over the lead,
but the bottom of the receiver acts also as a sleeker in smoothing the surfaco
of the tin and rendering it level and even with the upper edges of the fillets.
And in order that my said Invention may be fully understood, I shall now
proceed more particularly to describe the same, and for that purpose I shall

page_text: refer to the several Figures on the Sheet of Drawings hereunto annexed, the
same letters of reference indicating corresponding parts throughout all the
corresponding Figures.
Figure 1 of the Drawings is a sectional side elevation of the machine
employed in rolling sheet lead or other soft metal, showing its action in the
rolling of a sheet of metal; Figure 2 is a front elevation of the same, which
shows the gearing for working the rolls.
The process of rolling a length or sheet of metal is as follows:-The sheet
metal to be rolled is first wound on the receiving roller (a), which revolves in
bearings on the brackets (b, b). This roller is made removeable for the
purpose of being re-supplied with sheet metal, the sheet of metal is then
guided over the roller (c) in between the laminating rolls (d, d,) motion being
given to them by the ordinary spur gearing, and they are adjusted by the
screws (e, c,) to suit the various thicknesses of metal required to be rolled.
The sheet of metal is then drawn through the laminating rolls, passing under
and over the stretching rollers (f and 9), then the metal passes through a
pair of small drawing rolls (h, h,) covered with felt, which serve to draw and
level the sheet metal; the metal is thence finally wound on the delivery
roller (i), which is driven by an independent band, and the roller is so con-
structed as to be easily removeable when sufficient sheet metal is wound on
the same.
In order to prevent the sheet metal from adhering to the surfaces of the
laminating rolls (d, d,) scrapers or docters (j. j.) are employed, which are
mounted on rocking shafts fixed to the framing of the machine; the scrapers
have knife edges, and are brought in contact with and kept close to the rolling
surfaces by means of the spiral spring (k) attached to the lovers (1, 1,) thereby
communicating the motion to the scrapers or docters (j, j.)
An important feature in this Invention is the introduction of cleaning
rollers (m, m,) which are so arranged as to be constantly rubbing against the
surfaces of the laminating rolls (d, d,) for the purpose of maintaining that
high polish which is absolutely necessary to produce a perfect sheet of metal.
The surfaces of these cleaners are made to revolve in an opposite direction to
the laminating rolls (d, d,) by means of gearing and apparatus, as shown in
Figure 2; they have also a longitudinal vibrating or traversing motion, which
is produced by the revolving cams (n, n,) as seen in Figure 2. These cleaning
rollers are also kept supplied with any suitable cleaning powder.
Provision is made in this machine to regulate and to give the necessary
amount of tension to the sheet metal as it is drawn off from the receiving
rollers (a), the spindle of which is provided with a break wheel and lover (o,)

page_text: and can be so adjusted as to give just the exact amount of strain or tension
that is necessary to have on the sheet of metal being rolled, and in the event of
any mishap taking place, the sheet of metal can instantly be broken by an
extra pressure on the break handle.
Figures 3, 4, and 5, of the Drawing represent different views of the
apparatus employed in fusing a coat of tin on to ingots or plates of lead. The
lead is first cast in a mould (a), as shown in Figuro 4; the sides of this mould
project above the surface of the lead more or less, according to the thickness of
tin to be fused on its surface. This is shown in Figure 5, which is a cross
section of the mould, the coating of tin being represented by a thick black
line, and the ingot of lead by other horizontal lines at (a). The tin is then
poured into a receiver or pot (6) when in a molten state, which flows through
an aperture or slit (d), Figures 3 and 4, in the bottom of the receiver, tho
receiver being moved at the same time along the top of the mould by means
of the handle (c), which distributes the tin upon the surface of the lead, like-
wise smoothing the same during the process of manipulation.
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of my said
Invention, and the manner in which the same is or may be used or carried
into effect, I would observe in conclusion that what I consider to be novel
and original, and thereforo claim as the Invention secured to me by the
berein-before in part recited Letters Patent, is,--
First, the general combination and arrangement of machinery or apparatus
for rolling or laminating sheet lead or other soft mictal, as hercin-before
described.
Second, the mode of and apparatus for preparing ingots or plates of lead
and tin combined, intended to be subsequently rolled or laminated into thin
sheets of lead coated or covered with tin on one or both sides, as herein-beforo
described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Arthur Kinder, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Twenty-sixth day of October, One thousand eight
hundred and sixty-three.
Witness,
CHARLES STOWHEVER,
7, Malden Rd., Kentish Town,
London.
ARTHUR KINDER. (L.S.)