Improvements in the Jointing of Iron and other Metal Pipes.
Year: 1898

page_text: Date of Application, 19th Mar., 1898-Accepted, 14th May, 1898
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Jointing of Iron and other Metal Pipes.
I, ROBERT EWING, of 68, Victoria Street, Westminster, London, in the County
of London, England, Sanitary Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement:
My invention relates to improvements in the jointing of iron or other metal
pipes, lined with lead or other metallic material, or unlined, for the conveyance of
water sewage, and other purposes.
One object of my invention is to secure, particularly in wet ground, a strong
watertight joint by means of lead, or other soft metal, which can be easily caulked
or staved with hammer and chisel; while dispensing with the common practice
of pouring, in a molten state, the lead, or other soft metal, into the joint during
the process of jointing.
Where water is present in the trenches the pouring of molten lead into the socket
is attended with risk of injury to the workmen, and sound joints are not always
made.
Another object of my invention is to cheapen the process of jointing iron, or
other metal pipes, with lead, especially under water, or other circumstances, where
it is difficult to run molten lead. The interior of the bodies of such pipes may be
lined with lead, or other suitable metal, or be used unlined.
My invention is an improvement on that class or kind of joint described in
Specifications of Letters Patent No. 4039, 1873 granted to W. H. C. Stanford for
the lining of spigot and sockets of stoneware pipes with cement or composition,
composed of sulphur, tar, and sand; so that the pipes are made to fit each other
tightly and accurately; but inasmuch as this cement or composition is of a brittle
nature, and cannot be caulked or staved with hammer and chisel, the joints so
made are unable to withstand the high pressures to which iron pipes are frequently
exposed, particularly those used in systems of water supply and of sewerage.
<<
My invention may be described briefly as a new application, of what is called the
Stanford" principle of jointing, herein already referred to, viz., to the uniting
of iron pipes with lead; the iron pipes being lined with lead or other metallic
material, or unlined.
In order that my invention may be the more readily understood reference is to
be had to the accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 is a longitudinal section of my improved joint, as applied to an iron pipe
unlined, showing a wedge-form band, or lining of lead on the spigot end, and the
tapering or sloping band or covering of lead in the socket.
Fig. 2 is a longitudinal section of my improved joint, as applied to an iron
pipe lined with lead showing said lining, 1) united to the lead bands or cover-
ings A & C of the spigot and socket, so as to present a continuous lining for the
pipe as well as spigot and socket. In this case the band or covering on spigot is
slightly rounded or bevelled, and the lining of the socket is tapered or sloping
towards the mouth of socket.
Fig. 3 is similar to Fig. 2, but a bead or small rectangular exterior flange F is

page_text: retained on the spigot of the iron pipe, and a small rectangular annular shoulder E
appears on the iron socket to facilitate the process of caulking.
Aly invention consists of a band, A Figs. 1, 2 & 3, of lead, or other soft metallic
substance placed or moulded by appropriate dies in the sockets of iron or other
metal pipes lined with lead, or unlined, and a similar band B, Figs. 1, 2 & 3, wedge
form, rounded or bevelled, placed or moulded on the outside of the spigot end of
such pipes, so that when the spigot end so covered is inserted and driven home into
the socket so lined, the former fits the latter tightly and accurately throughout
the whole depth of the socket or nearly so, leaving no space between the bands or
linings for molten lead; and preserving a true alignment in the interior of the
pipe. The joint is completed by simply caulking or staving the bands at the
exposed ends C, at the mouth of the socket in the usual manner.
.
Where my improved joint is used in connection with iron pipes lined with lead,
or any alloy of lead the bands or linings of the spigot and socket are united with
and form a continuation of the lining D, Figs. 2 & 3, of the interior of the pipe,
so as to present an unbroken lining for the pipe and joint. The bands of the spigot
& socket are thicker than the lining of the interior of the pipe.
I am aware that patents have been granted for jointing iron pipes lined with
lead where the spigot and sockets are lined with lead, but such joints are so designed
or formed as to provide space between the socket and spigot linings for the pouring
in of molten lead or other caulking material.
I do not claim any of these features. In my improved joint, the lead bands or linings
of the spigot and socket, impinge against, and fit each other closely and accurately
throughout the whole depth, or nearly so, of the socket, and the joint is completed
by simply caulking or staving the linings of spigot & socket; the expense & labour
of pouring in molten lead being saved.
The sockets. of the iron pipes with my improved joint may have an interior
rectangular shoulder E Fig. 3, projecting a short distance along the side wall from
the seat or butt-end of socket; and the extreme end of spigot of said pipes may
have an, exterior annular rectangular bead or rim F, Fig. 3, to form points of
resistance, & facilitate the process of caulking.
66
I am aware that lead lined pipes with a concave seat" in the bottom of the
socket and with a convex or rounded abutting end of spigot for the purpose of
centring the pipes & preventing molten lead passing into the pipes, have been
patented but I do not claim these features in a lead lined pipe.
The exterior faces of the lead bands, or coverings of the spigot and socket may
be tapered, sloping, or wedge-form as in Fig. 1, or parallel with the sides of the
iron joint, or be slightly rounded or bevelled as in Figs. 2 & 3, or be smooth or
screw-threaded.
My improved joint herein described may be used with economy and advantage
in constructing systems of soil and ventilating pipes, as well as drain, sewer, and
water pipes; especially in positions where it is difficult to run molten lead.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is:-
(1) In a spigot and socket iron pipe the lead band or lining A, in the socket,
and the lead band or covering B, on spigot substantially as, and for the purpose
set forth in the accompanying specifications and drawings.
(2) In a lead lined iron pipe the thickened lead band or lining A in the socket,
and the lead band or covering B, on the spigot the said lining of socket and cover-
ing of spigot being united to the lining of the interior of the body of pipe, I to
form a continuous lining throughout the whole length of the pipe and joint,
substantially as and for the purposes set forth in the accompanying specifications
& drawings.
(3) The combination of an iron pipe lined with lead or other metallic material, D,
with the lead or other metallic band or lining A, in the socket, and the lead or other

page_text: metallic band or covering B on the spigot to form a continuous lining throughout
the full length of pipe and joint, substantially as, and for the purposes set forth
in the accompanying specifications & drawings.
(4) In a lead lined iron pipe and joint, the lead lining thickened, & tapering or
sloping, towards the mouth of socket, and impinging against the thickened, &
tapering or slightly rounded or bevelled lead lining of spigot, throughout the
whole depth of the socket, or nearly so, when the pipes are put together, and the
completing of the joint of said pipes by caulking, without the pouring into the joint
of molten lead or other metallic material, substantially as and for the purposes set
forth in the accompanying specifications and drawings.
(5) In a lead lined, or unlined iron pipe, with a lead lined joint as herein
described, the rectangular annular shoulder E, in the socket, and the exterior
rectangular rim F', on spigot-end, substantially as, and for the purposes set forth
in the accompanying specifications and drawings.
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