An Improvement in Lining Hollow Articles with Hard Rubber and other Analagous Materials, and in Certain Hollow Articles so Lined.
Year: 1888

page_text: An Improvement in Lining Hollow Articles with Hard Rubber
and other Analagous Materials, and in Certain Hollow Articles
so Lined.
I, SAMUEL PEARCE WILDING, of the firm of Fell and Wilding, of 1 Queen Victoria
Street, in the City of London, Patent Agents, do hereby declare the nature of the
said invention (a communication to me from abroad by Myer Dittenhoefer, of New
York, in the State of New York, United States of America, Manufacturer) and in
what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement :—
The desirability of making articles and parts of articles of non-corrodible material,
or coating them therewith, in order to prevent their destruction by oxidation or
corrosion on the one hand, and on the other hand to prevent the vitiation or
contamination of substances by contact with oxidizable metals, has long been
recognized.
Hard-rubber is universally admitted to be one of the very best acid-proof and
inocuous materials for such purposes. It has heretofore been used only to a limited
extent as a lining for hollow articles, being confined in its application to easily
accessible interiors. As thus applied, the plastic mass is pressed against and supported
in contact with the surfaces which are to be coated, preparatory to and during the
vulcanizing operation, by means of mandrels or plungers which shape the chambers
as found in the finished articles.
Numerous hollow articles, however, with interiors which should be lined, but having
contracted entrances and other contractions or otherwise irregular shapes, are incapable
of being lined by any such process.
This invention consists in a peculiar process, hereinafter set forth, whereby such
hollow articles, and hollow metallic articles in general of suitable sizes, may be
inexpensively lined with hard-rubber or other analogous material. Also in a hollow
metallic article having one or more liquid-chambers of irregular shape so lined with
hard-rubber.
Such linings are applicable, for example, by the aid of this process, to Navy-pumps
and other hollow articles for use on ship-board to protect them against the deleterious

page_text: action of sea-water and bilge-water; to Chemical fire-extinguishers and other chemical
apparatus, and to valves and nozzles used in connection therewith, to protect the
same against corrosion; and to Beer pumps and fountains, Soda and syrup fountains,
Metallic casks, and Metallic faucets in general, to prevent the poisoning or vitiation
of malt and spirituous liquors, and other liquids containing acids or other metal-
attacking ingredients.
*
Two sheets of drawings accompany this specification as part thereof.
Figure 1 of these drawings represents a vertical section of the main casting of a
'Navy-pump" in process of being lined with bard-rubber; Figure 2 is an elevation
of the tubular bag" of plastic rubber shown in Figure 1 Figure 3 represents a
vertical section of the same casting with its lining finished; Figure 4 represents a
longitudinal section of a metallic faucet body in process of being lined; Figures 5
and 6 are elevations of the respective tubular bags shown in Figure 4; and Figure 7
represents a longitudinal section of the finished faucet.
Like letters of reference indicate corresponding parts in the several figures.
In carrying out this invention, take a given hollow metallic article, as a pump-
casting, A, or a faucet body, B, having one or more chambers, recesses, or bores,
hereinafter termed chambers, as C, C1, C2, which are to be lined with hard-rubber;
and roughly fit to each chamber a tubular bag," D or D₁ or D³, made of plastic
rubber, with its ends hermetically closed, as by "buttons," or discs, d, of the plastic
rubber, and filled with water or any other material which at or below vulcanizing
heat expands or generates a suitable vapor or gas of sufficient pressure, hereinafter
termed the "inflating-material."
Insert each tubular bag within the chamber to which it is fitted, and then tightly
close the chamber, as by stoppers, E, E², E³, E, E, Figure 1, or by a plug, F, and
caps, F, F, Figure 4, all of which may be made of a relatively soft metal or alloy,
and secured if necessary by suitable clamps, c. Figure 1, or other fastenings, such as
expanding-screws, e, Figure 1.
The closed pump-casting, faucet-body, or whatever the article may be, may then be
introduced into the vulcanizing-apparatus, the same as an ordinary mold. When the
whole becomes heated the inflating-material within the tubular bag or bags expands
and presses the plastic rubber against the walls of the chamber or chambers, within
which they are inclosed, causing the rubber to conform itself to said walls whether
they be of regular or irregular shape, and to adhere or rest closely against the walls,
so as to be supported by the latter and inseparably secured within the article. Finally
the plastic rubber becomes "vulcanized," and thus converted into hard-rubber in situ.
The articles are then sufficiently cooled, and their plugs and caps are removed.
reaming-drill of suitable size is then run into the outer end or ends and other openings
of each chamber, to open the same, and to remove any inequalities of surface in the
contracted portions of the linings, or this may be done by other suitable tools. This
completes the hard-rubber linings, L, L, L2, Figures 3 and 7, after which the article
may be otherwise finished in customary manner.
A
I prefer however, in the case of faucets, to provide the same with a hard-rubber
spigot or key, K, Figure 7, to prevent any contamination of the liquid passing through
the faucet at this point.
And Navy-pumps and other pumping apparatus may preferably be provided with
valve-seats and valves wholly of or coated with hard-rubber.
In lining pumps, especially, there will be some chambers, as the pump-cylinder, X,
Figure 1, which can best be lined at a distinct operation by the same or the ordinary
process. And in lining brass faucets, especially, where the interior is very irregularly
cored out to economize metal, an extra thickness of plastic rubber may be worked
into the tubular-bags where the surface to be covered requires this, as illustrated
at x and y, Figures 4 and 5; and the extremities of chambers into which the tubular
bags cannot readily be fitted may be first filled by lumps of the plastic rubber, as
represented at z, Figure 4. By like adaptations, within the scope of the skill of
hard-rubber manufacturers, the process may be applied to other hollow metallic articles
in substantially the same way, and so as to accomplish the aforesaid beneficial objects.

page_text: Other suitable materials adapted to be formed into tubular bags in plastic condition,
and to be expanded and hardened by heat and pressure, may be employed as
equivalents of "rubber" compounds; and the articles to be lined may be of any
metal, as iron or copper, or of brass or any other alloy which will stand the
vulcanizing heat.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said Inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is:
1. The within described process of lining a chamber or chambers in a hollow
article with hard-rubber, or other analagous material, consisting in forming the
material while plastic into a tubular bag or bags, filling the same with an inflating-
material, as water, hermetically closing the bag or bags, and inserting them into the
chamber or chambers to be lined, tightly closing said chambers, subjecting the whole
to vulcanizing heat, and vulcanizing and finishing the linings in situ.
2. A hollow article, having one or more liquid-chambers of irregular shape, provided
with non-corrodible and inocuous seamless linings of hard-rubber or other analagous
material, substantially as herein before specified.
3. A metallic faucet body lined with hard-rubber or other analagous material,
substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to Figure 7.
FELL & WILDING,
. Agents for the Applicant.