matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN CRUSHING MACHINERY ESPECIALLY SUITABLE FOR CRUSHING GRAIN
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Fitzroy Campbell Mahon at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 30th July 1877. (A communication
from abroad by Joseph Thomas Chandler Cove, of Amhurst, Cumberland
County, Nova Scotia, Dominion of Canada.)
FITZROY CAMPBELL MAHON, of the City of Manchester, in the County of Lan-
caster, Merchant. "IMPROVEMENTS IN CRUSHING MACHINERY ESPECIALLY SUITABLE
FOR CRUSHING GRAIN." (A communication from abroad by Joseph Thomas Chandler
Cove, of Amhurst, Cumberland County, Nova Scotia, Dominion of Canada.)
This Invention has for its object improvements in crushing machinery especially
suitable for crushing grain, and has reference to the rise in combination of a
revolving wheel having its outer periphery or circumference indented, grooved, or
corrugated, and a stationary plate, having a diagonally grooved face, and arranged
tangentially, or nearly' tangentially, to the said wheel.
The grain or substance to be operated upon is fed by a hopper and feed wheel,
and is mashed thoroughly and evenly by passing between the revolving wheel and
the fixed plate, the latter, by reason of its perpendicular position and rasp-like
surface, reducing the friction to a minimum.
Gear wheels may be used when the machine is driven by hand power; or a small
pulley may be attached to the end of the main shaft when horse or steam power
is used.
The crushing or grinding wheel is adjustable relatively to the plate to suit the
size and condition of the grain or substance to be crushed or mashed.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF FURNITURE FOR UMBRELLAS AND PARASOLS
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Louis Boyce and Richard
Reeves Newton at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 19th
February 1877.
CHARLES LOUIS BOYCE, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Manufac-
turer, and RICHARD REEVES NEWTON, of the same Place, Machinist. "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF FURNITURE FOR UMBRELLAS AND PARASOLS."
Our Invention refers to the parts of umbrellas known as the runners, the top
notches, and the ferules.
Our improvement in the manufacture of the runners consists in making the
barrels in iron by the method termed "drawing," that is, taking a disc of iron, and
by means of suitable press tools, dies, and punches reducing or taking it down by
successive operations into a cup form; then, cutting off the closed end, it is a solid
drawn tube; the same operation may be performed on steel or partly converted
iron. We also make these parts of steel or partly converted iron by turning them
up from the steel and welding the meeting edges.
To make the notch pieces we stamp out of sheet iron or other metal two annular
discs, one of which has a slight projecting flange raised round its inner periphery ;.
the plain disc is slipped over the upper end of the barrel which is tapered for this
purpose, and the flanged disc is then also slipped on, the flange on the inner
periphery of the second disc resting on the first disc, and thus forming a distance
piece between the two; a portion of the top of the barrel protruding through the
upper surface of the second disc is then closed down with its edges forced into an
annular groove sunk upon the surface of the second disc, which groove is furnished
with sinkings or indentations into which the metal of the barrel is forced, which
prevents any rotary motion of the parts; or by another mode, after the first disc
has been slipped over the top of the barrel, the top of the barrel may be distended
and then closed in again, thus forming a stop or distance piece in the shape of a
rib raised out of the walls of the barrel; a second disc like the first, and with or
without a flange, may then be added, and all the parts secured in manner before
named. The top notches are constructed and put together in similar manner.
These parts may also be made of steel or of partly converted iron.

page_text: Our improvement in forming the ferules consist in taking a cup, which may be
produced in any ordinary way and of the usual taper form, into which a plug is
dropped, after which, by means of a suitable tool a collar or flange is formed on
the top of the plug by carrying down a thin shaving of metal from the inner sides
or walls of the cup, the metal being left rather thicker at that part; thus the plug 5
is retained in its place without solder.
AN IMPROVEMENT OR IM- PROVEMENTS IN CHECK LOCK OR SAFETY NUTS
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard James Hodges and Robert
Applegarth at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 1st February
1877.
RICHARD JAMES HODGES, of West Hackney, and ROBERT APPLEGARTH, of the
Strand, both in the County of Middlesex, Engineers "AN IMPROVEMENT OR IM-
PROVEMENTS IN CHECK LOCK OR SAFETY NUTS"
This Invention 10lates to a check on safety nut, and a convenient way of carrying
out Invention into effect is as follows -We form a groove or channel at or about
midway in the interior of the nut, and of a suitable size in width and depth below
the bottom of the thread therein Into this groove or channel we inseit a spiral
or spirals or series of rings, preferably made of steel or brass, or instead of the
spirals or rings we insert india-rubber or other suitable elastic material
When the spial is inscited in the nut the internal diameter of the same (spiral)
is smaller than the external diameter of the bolt, therefore when the nut is screwed
on to the bolt the coils of the spiral are pressed down slightly in the reverse
direction to that in which the nut taavels, thereby forming the coils of such spiral
into a series of cams, piesenting no opposition to the nut being screwed on the
bolt, but on attempting to unscrew the nut considerable resistance is met with fiom
the coils or cams of the spiral pressing on the threads of the bolt On a spanner o
key being employed to overcome such resistance (or to unscrew the nut about half
a revolution) the coils or cams during such process are depressed or flattened, and
allow of their lay or direction being reversed, after which operation the nut can be
unscrewed and romoved by hand
When india-rubber or other elastic material is substituted for the spiral or spirals
the action, although not so effective, is sunilar
By making check nuts according to this Invention the nuts present precisely the
samic appearance as nuts of ordinary construction, and an ordinary spanner can
therefore be used, no extra spanner being requued, and there are no projecting parts
whatever from the nut oi bolt, neither are additional washers requned
IM- PROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF PERAMBULATORS, INVALIDS' CARRIAGES, AND OTHER SIMILAR VEHICLES
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Frederick Owen at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 30th November 1877.
CHARLES FREDERICK OWEN, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster. “IM-
PROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF PERAMBULATORS, INVALIDS' CARRIAGES, AND
OTHER SIMILAR VEHICLES."
The object of this Invention is to enable such vehicles to be reversed, that is
to say, capable of being propelled or driven either forwards or backwards as occasion
may require.
I construct the carriage itself in the ordinary manner, but instead of having one
handle only fixed at the back, I have two fixed handles, one attached to the back
of the vehicle, and the other to the front of the same; the shafts of these handles
are provided with hinges so arranged that they can be folded up either inwards or
outwards out of the way when not in use.
Each hinge is provided with a bolt, catch, or slide, so contrived that the hinge
may be stiffened and prevented from bending when the handle is in use. Thus it
will be evident that by folding up one handle, and stiffening the other, the vehicle
may be propelled either forwards or backwards as may be preferred.
IMPROVED BORING MACHINE FOR MINING AND OTHER LIKE PURPOSES
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Joseph Roseby.and William
Balmer at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 28th August
1877.
JOSEPH ROSEBY and WILLIAM BALMER, Miners, both of the Borough and
County of Newcastle-on-Tyne. "IMPROVED BORING MACHINE FOR MINING AND
OTHER LIKE PURPOSES."
One of the chief points of improvement in our improved machine is its capacity
or capability of drilling simultaneously two, three, or more holes contiguous to and
in line with each other. This row of holes, when situate at the lowermost part of
the face of the work, greatly assists the effects of the blasting charge placed in a
hole drilled at any convenient distance above and in the centre of the lower line of
holes.
The blasting charge being fired, the line of fracture is directed and induced to
take a course least likely to produce splinters and small coal.
To carry out our improvements we construct in a suitable framework a system
of wheel gearing to drive or rotate, say, four boring tools in a horizontal line, and
above the centre of the said line one boring tool for drilling the hole for the blasting
charge.
Motive power is communicated to these tools by manual, steam, or other
suitable power operating through the ordinary mechanical means; but to insure the
four lower boring tools or drills pursuing and retaining a direction parallel to each
other, we connect the said tools together near their drilling points by means of a
connecting piece or " combiner," which prevents the said boring tools or drills when
employed diverting from their true path, and thus clash or part from one another,
which would render abortive the operation of the machine.
"
The combiner" may be formed of a strip of iron provided with the requisite
number of vertical bosses, which are of a less diameter than the worm or point of
the boring tool, and of a distance apart coinciding with the distance of the drills
Price 2

page_text: from each other, and through each of which the axle or axis of a boring tool passes.
The cutting points of the drills being close to or overlapping one another, break
down the material, and allow the "combiner" to enter with them the material.
Means are provided by which the machine may be fixed in position and adjusted
to meet any requirements likely to arise in the employment of the same.
AN IMPROVED PALATEABLE EDIBLE
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Foulger at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 10th November 1877.
EDWARD FOULGER, of 8, Quality Court, Chancery Lane, London, in the County
of Middlesex. "AN IMPROVED PALATEABLE EDIBLE."
It is well known to all bacon factors, packers, and others connected with the trade
that a large waste ensues and a great loss is incurred by the extra and surplus fat
in some classes of bacon, especially American and Irish bacon.
Such bacon is not a saleable commodity, or at any rate it is difficult to find a
market for it.
In many cases it is rendered down and sold as a grease, fat, or oil for various
purposes.
This Invention has for its object the utilization of such bacon fat, and the
production therefrom of a palateable edible and marketable commodity, and consists
in the combination of a lean meat, such as tongue, liver, beef, kidneys, heart, or
other meat with such fat bacon.
In the manufacture it is necessary to about three quarters cook the lean meat
after which it is placed on the sides of the fat bacon in suitable proportions. The
combination of the bacon and tongue or bacon and other meat is then rolled up
and tied together with cords and subjected to pressure.
The roll can then be sold for use, or be further cured and dressed for keeping by
the application of a suitable pickle, or by smoking. By this combination a whole-
some and palateable food is produced of moderate cost, and an article hitherto
comparatively wasted is rendered a marketable commodity, and a new article of
food is produced.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF PRESERVING ANIMAL, VEGETABLE, AND ORGANIC MATTERS BY AID OF BORATE OF ALUMINA
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Constant Pierre Poucier at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 29th October 1877.
CONSTANT PIERRE POUCIER, Chemist, of Maisons Laffitte, in the Department of
Seine et Oise, in the Republic of France. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF
PRESERVING ANIMAL, VEGETABLE, AND ORGANIC MATTERS BY AID OF BORATE OF
ALUMINA."
Organic, vegetable, animal, and other matters are usually preserved by the use
of salicylic or spinoleic acid, or acids of the same genus. The object of my
Invention is to supersede these by the employment of borate of alumina in all cases
where the former acid or its equivalent is at present used. And as borate of
alumina is a far less expensive matter than borax, it thus admits of extending its
application where it had not previously been anticipated, such, for example, as the
preservation of animal matter, the product of slaughter.
The following is the mode of procedure:-
1st. By immersion in plunging the animal matter in a solution more or less
concentrated of borate of alumina, the proportion varying from 10 to 15 per cent.
2. In placing the organic matter in a vessel of some sort, case, vat, trough, or
so forth, between an upper and lower layer of borate of alumina, in the form of a
perfectly dry powder._
In preserving fresh meat, very concentrated borate of alumina is used, in the
shape of sirup; the meat is covered with it with a brush, and is placed in a current
of air, protected from insects.
Applied to tannery the borate of alumina gives an incomparable suppleness to
skins of all kinds, and advantageously replaces the use of sulphuric acid in this
case.
The characteristic feature of the Invention is the preservation of animal,
vegetable, and organic matters, by the sole use of borate of alumina, or combined
with magnesia, lime, sirups, gums, and gelatines, in the conditions appropriate to the
several matters to be treated.

page_text: Finally, it should be observed that in treating the sulphate of alumina by boric
acid the sulphuric acid may be almost entirely recovered, which greatly diminishes
the cost of the borate of alumina, and admits of the use of this salt for a number of
purposes, such as preservation of organic matters, the preparation of hides, the
junction of leather in boot soles, and in treating silks in place of alum.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR FASTENING PURPOSES, ESPECIALLY APPLICABLE TO THE FASTENING OF RAILWAY AND OTHER CARRIAGE DOORS
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Garton at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 7th December 1877.
CHARLES GARTON, of Hornsey, in the County of Middlesex, Commercial Clerk.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR FASTENING PURPOSES, ESPECIALLY APPLICABLE
TO THE FASTENING OF RAILWAY AND OTHER CARRIAGE DOORS."
This Invention relates to a fastening apparatus or contrivance by which the doors
of railway carriages, cabs, broughams, omnibuses, or other like vehicles may be
opened and closed from the inside as well as from the outside. The apparatus is
also applicable to gates, doors of buildings, windows, bookcases, cabinets, and like
articles.
Now, in accordance with my Invention, and in one arrangement, I fit to the edge
of a door, say, for example, a railway carriage door, a bar arm or plate, having a
notch or slot on its upper side, and to the jamb or lintel of the door frame I fix a
projecting bolt, stud, or pin. One end of this notched bar extends outside the
carriage, and is connected to and worked by a rod or lever, which is also outside
the carriage door, or it may be in a mortice or recess therein, and it is provided
with a handle; its other end extends within the carriage and terminates in a hook
or bent portion.
The working of the apparatus is a follows: On the door being closed the
notched bar or plate comes in contact with the bolt, stud, or pin, which depresses it,
and as soon as the notched portion reaches this bolt or stud, the bar rises, and its
slot then embraces the bolt, and the parts of the fastening are thus securely
engaged, and the door is firmly fastened. The hook or bent portion of the bar or
plate extends within the carriage, and forms a rest ledge or handle for the hand to
depress the bar so as to disengage it from the bolt when the door is to be opened
from the inside; but when the door is to be opened from the outside the lever
handle is pushed upwards, and the slotted bar or plate is then disengaged from the
bolt

page_text: In another arrangement or modification the bar or plate is notched or slotted on
its under side, and the lever or rod in connection with the bar is pulled downwards
when the fastening is to be disengaged. A counterbalance weight attached to the
bar or plate restores it to position. A cord, chain, or other suitable contrivance
may be attached to the bar so that the door may be opened from either side.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SCREW STOCKS AND DIES
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Benjamin William Rogers at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 4th April 1877.
BENJAMIN WILLIAM ROGERS, of Stourport, in the County of Worcester, Machinist.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN SCREW STOCKS AND DIES."
In making screw stocks and dies according to my Invention I form the screwing
or worming dies in the manner herein-after explained, whereby a keen cutting edge
is obtained in the dies for producing the thread on the blank or rod to be screwed
by a cutting action instead of by the squeezing or compressing action by which the
thread is mainly produced, when made by dies of the ordinary kind.
In forming screwing dies for screw stocks according to my Invention I make the
master tap for producing the thread in the said dies of a diameter somewhat less
than that of the thread to be cut. Thus, if a thread is to be cut on a rod or blank
three-fourths of an inch in diameter I make the master tap slightly under three-
fourths of an inch diameter, measured on the summit or crest of the thread, whereas
the master tap used for producing ordinary screwing dies for making screws of a
like size would have a diameter of three-fourths of an inch, measured at the trough
or bottom of the thread.
I make a broad slot in each die much wider than that in ordinary dies, the said
slots having for their object to diminish the friction of the screwing process. In
consequence of this diminished friction I am enabled to make the dies much thicker
in the threaded parts than ordinary screw dies, and thereby secure the advantage
that the material operated upon is not likely to be distorted while being screwed.
The dies are also in consequence of their increased thickness much stronger and
more durable than ordinary dies.
When they have become worn and blunted a fresh cutting edge can be readily
obtained by grinding them on their faces.
In consequence of the little friction attending the use of my improved dies the
stocks in which they are fitted may be made shorter than usual, and provided with
031

page_text: a winch or handle at their extreme end, by which they can be readily turned and
the operation of screwing much facilitated.
As by the use of my Invention the thread formed is made by cutting only, the
metal is not exposed to the strain accompanying the action of ordinary stocks and
dies.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN AND APPLICABLE TO LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Hardman at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 21st December 1877.
RICHARD HARDMAN, of Albert Mill, Buinley, in the County of Lancaster,
Mauufacturer. "AN IMPROVEMENT IN AND APPLICABLE TO LOOMS FOR WEAVING."
My Invention relates to the "swells" of looms for weaving, that is to say, to the
parts which press upon the shuttle when it is entering the boxes in order to arrest
its movements, and to absorb its remaining impetus, as is well understood; and my
said Invention has for its object to relieve the pressure upon the shuttle at or
immediately before each time that the shuttle is to be driven out of the box. To
this end I form or fix on or attach to the stop rod a lever arm, which is acted upon
by one of the crank arms when the sley reaches the position assumed when the
picking of the shuttle is to be effected.
In the arrangement which I prefer the said lever arm is formed to clamp upon
the stop rod, or is formed of wrought or malleable iron or steel, and is bent
over at one end so as to embrace the stop rod, and is clamped or secured thereupon
by means of a bolt which causes the stop rod to be firmly nipped in the loop
formed by bending over the end of the said lever arm
In some cases the said loop or the clamp portion of the lever arm may be
formed by the operation of casting.
The arrangement facilitates the application of the lever arm to the stop rod
and its adjustment thereupon.
The outer end of the lever arm is bent at right angles or is otherwise shaped to
be brought into position below one of the crank armis, so that each time the crank
arın is depressed at about the time when the shuttle is to be driven out of the box,
the said crank arm presses upon the lever arm, and thereby rotates the stop rod.
sufficiently to effect the release of the shuttle from the pressure of the swell.
I do not confine myself to the indicated method of attaching the said lever arın
to the stop rod, and in some cases the said lever arm may be attached to the swell
finger, or may be an extension of the said finger.
AN IMPROVEMENT APPLICABLE TO BOTTLES OR RECEPTACLES FOR MUCILAGE, LIQUID GLUE, OR CEMENT, AND OTHER MATTERS
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Emil August Thomson at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 25th July 1877.
EMIL AUGUST THOMSON, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Manufacturer.
"AN IMPROVEMENT APPLICABLE TO BOTTLES OR RECEPTACLES FOR MUCILAGE,
LIQUID GLUE, OR CEMENT, AND OTHER MATTERS."
My Invention relates principally to the gum bottles employed to contain gum
mucilage, but is also applicable to bottles or receptacles for containing liquid
cement or some other matters which may be conveniently applied by means of a
brush.
When carrying my said Invention into effect, say, for example, when applied to
a gum bottle, I close the mouth of the bottle or receptacle by means of a stopper,
which is provided with a brush formed of bristles or other suitable material, and I
form a passage or passages through the stopper to convey the mucilage into the
brush, or to supply the said mucilage thereto.
In the arrangement which I now consider to be suitable the stopper is made of
vulcanized caoutchouc, and is formed with a central opening into which the bristles,
hairs, fibres, or materials which are to form the brush are inserted. A tube is
inserted into the body of bristles in the said opening, and secures them in position
within the said opening. The said tube is by preference a little shorter than the
said opening. When the said tube is properly inserted within the stopper the said
tube is surrounded by the bristles. When the stopper is inserted into the mouth
of a bottle containing mucilage, and the bottle is held in such a position as that the
mucilage can flow through the tube, the mucilage is conveyed thereby into the
midst of the bristles forming the brush. The brush may then be used in the same
manner as an ordinary brush, the gum bottle serving as a handle for the brush.
Mucilage flows through the said tube to the brush in such a manner as to maintain
the supply of mucilage whilst the brush is being used.
A cap is or may be provided to fit upon the neck of the bottle, or upon the
protruding part of the stopper, to check the drying of the mucilage within the
brush when not in use.
The said stopper may be made of other material than caoutchouc, as found to be
suitable.

page_text: The bristles may be fixed to the said tube before the same is inserted within the
stopper, or other methods may be adopted so long as the passage through the part
of the brush which is fixed within the stopper is retained; and in some cases more
than one tube may be inserted into or fixed within each brush, especially in the
cases of flat brushes.
I do not confine myself to the fixing of the brush in the stopper which closes the
mouth through which the mucilage is supplied to the bottles.
I may use my improved brush either with or without a vent or air inlet, and I
may form or provide the stopper with a flanch, extending to some extent over the
neck of the bottle.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN STEERING GEAR FOR SHIPS OR VESSELS, OR APPLIANCES CONNECTED THEREWITH
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Bucknell Atkins at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 16th January 1877.
JAMES BUCKNELL ATKINS, of Anerley, in the County of Surrey.
" IMPROVE-
MENTS IN STEERING GEAR FOR SHIPS OR VESSELS, OR APPLIANCES CONNECTED
THEREWITH."
My Invention consists of improvements in the steering gear of ships or vessels,
whereby I am enabled to steer a ship should the ordinary gear give way.
Ships or vessels, at present constructed for steering from the bridge or fore part
thereof, are provided with a spare wheel aft, and an auxiliary or spare tiller, which
spare tiller is to be used when the ordinary tiller gives way. This auxiliary tiller
is as a rule lashed to the bulwarks (and kept in reserve there); and should a
ship's tiller become defective, the time taken in unlashing the auxiliary tiller, and
placing same in position, very often is such that before it can be fixed in position
some serious casualty arises. Now according to my Invention the auxiliary tiller is
placed in such a position that should the tiller or its gear become defective or
inoperative, the auxiliary tiller is ready to be dropped into its place, and act in the
place of the ordinary tiller which has been disabled.
In carrying out my Invention I prefer to adopt mainly the following arrange-
ments-To the rudder head, immediately above the tiller, I secure by a collar and
bolt or key the auxiliary tiller, and same when not in operation lies above the
ordinary tiller. The after end of said auxiliary tiller is supported by suitable means,
such as for instance by a chock or block; the said auxiliary tiller is provided with
clamp or clamps on the lower side thereof. Should the ordinary tiller or its gear
be disabled, the chock or block sustaining the after end of the auxiliary tiller is
knocked away, which causes the auxiliary tiller to fall on to the ordinary tiller or
such portion as remains, and by means of the clamps on the under side of same it
will be firmly held, and the steering of the ship can be effected by the spare
steering wheel, the ropes or chains connecting the wheel with the auxiliary tiller
being always rove or in position for use. Or in some cases the auxiliary tiller may
instead of being jointed be in one piece, and when it is to be put in operation
screwed tight to the rudder head and keyed at pleasure, and secured to the tiller or
the portion remaining which has become inoperative, and the operation is as before
described.

page_text: In cases where the rudder head does not project above the tiller, a bolt is
inserted into the rudder head, on which a disc or collar is placed, and to the said
disc or collar is attached the auxiliary tiller, said disc or collar also being secured
in position by key or otherwise.
In ships or vessels which are steered altogether from aft a modified form of above
arrangements may be adopted, such for instance as having together with the
ordinary steering wheel and barrel, a second or spare barrel capable of being.
connected to the said wheel.
.
IMPROVED TIP CARRIERS FOR BILLIARD AND BAGATELLE CUES
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Parmiter Kent at the Office.
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 8th August 1877.
WILLIAM PARMITER KENT, Sub-editor of Coming Events Newspaper, London.
"IMPROVED TIP CARRIERS FOR BILLIARD AND BAGATELLE CUES."
To obviate the inconvenient necessity of changing the cue to which the striker is
accustomed, should its tip come off suddenly, I mount the tips ordinarily in use
upon a thimble made of vulcanite, which from its power of resilience, lightness, and
cheapness is specially fit for my purpose.
A female screw is turned inside the thimble, which fits accurately on to a ferule
of the same substance permanently attached to the top of the cue, and furnished
with a male screw to receive the female screw of the thimble. Thus a new tip
may be instantaneously attached, or a broad flat tip substituted for a small rounded
one to suit the player's convenience.
I claim the Invention and use of a vulcanite tip carrier or thimble, and screwed
ferule for attaching tips to billiard and bagatelle cues.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR PREVENTING DRAUGHTS IN RAILWAY OR OTHER CARRIAGES, SHIPS' CABINS, OR OTHER MOVING STRUCTURES, THROUGH WINDOWS OR OTHER APER- TURES OPEN FOR THE ADMISSION OF AIR
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Howard Busby, Robert Lloyd Williams,
and Edward Thomas Pemberton at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents
on the 4th August 1877.
HOWARD BUSBY Fox, of Oxton, in the County of Chester, and ROBERT LLOYD
WILLIAMS, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, and EDWARD THOMAS PEM-
BERTON, also of Liverpool aforesaid. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF AND
APPARATUS FOR PREVENTING DRAUGHTS IN RAILWAY OR OTHER CARRIAGES, SHIPS'
CABINS, OR OTHER MOVING STRUCTURES, THROUGH WINDOWS OR OTHER APER-
TURES OPEN FOR THE ADMISSION OF AIR."
This Invention relates to certain novel arrangements of screens or wind-guards to
be applied to windows and ventilators or other apertures of railway and other
carriages, ships' cabins, and other structures when in motion, so as to prevent or
exclude the entry of wind, draught, or dust therethrough, and consists of an
adjustable screen or frame constructed of wood, metal, or other suitable material,
glazed or otherwise, and arranged to extend at the side of or partially over the
window, ventilator, or other aperture, and fitted at an angle on the outside thereof.
The screen or wind-guard forming an angle piece is so used or applied that it will
divert or exclude wind, draught, and dust, and prevent the same from entering
through the open window or other aperture, when the carriage, ship, or other
structure is in motion.
The screen or wind-guard may be either fixed so that it will adjust itself according
to the direction in which the structure is moving, or it may be arranged that it will
swing or slide over so as to be adjusted at either side of the window or other
aperture, so that it will act according to the direction in which the structure is
moving.
A convenient method of attachment consists in hinging the wind-guard on a
duplex lever so arranged that the wind-guard is free to swing over and be applied
to either side of the window.
The wind-guard may also be applied to ventilators, such as those fitted on the
doors, or sides, or tops of railway or other carriages, or ships or other structures, so
as to be self-acting, by fixing two or more screens, one at each side of the ventilator

page_text: or aperture, connected by a bar or otherwise, and provided with stops, so that they
will come into and remain in the required oblique position by the action of the air,
according to the direction in which the carriage or structure is moving.
This Invention is capable of various modifications in so far as relates to the
attachment and mechanical arrangement for fixing and actuating the screen, or
wind-guard. The screen may be made to fold up on either side of the window frame
on the louvre principle, and when extended held at the required angle by a quad-
rant or like arrangement.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN FURNACES
Year: 1877

page_text: O fer by John Jex Long at the Uince of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 23rd November 1877.
JOHN JEX LONG, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North Britain. "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN FURNACES."
This Invention, which relates to improvements in furnaces, has for its object to
effect the complete combustion of fuel, and thereby to prevent the formation of
smoke.
The Invention consists in constructing the bridge or walls which support the
inner end of the fire-bars of furnaces with one or more openings, passing trans-
versely through them at a lower level than that of the fire-grate, and in such a
position that cold air may pass from the exterior side to the inner side of the bridge,
that is to say, to the space beyond it. By this arrangement, the air not being much
heated previously to passing into this space, arrives there charged with, or prac-
tically with its full supply of oxygen, which, when expanded by being heated, it
does not carry, and this air meeting the unburnt portions of gases or fuel coming
over the bridge, ignites and burns them.
The space or spaces in the lower part of the bridge are provided with one or
more closing valves connected to a handle, by which the same may be opened and
closed as required.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF CAUTIONING THE PUBLIC AND OTHERS AGAINST WET PAINT AND OTHER SIMILAR COATINGS
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Nathaniel Galer at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 29th October 1877.
NATHANIEL GALER, of Number 5, Union Wharf, East Greenwich, in the County
of Kent, Warehouseman. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF CAUTIONING THE
PUBLIC AND OTHERS AGAINST WET PAINT AND OTHER SIMILAR COATINGS."
First. A galvanised "rest" of suitable stoutness, is constructed so as to partially
clasp any post, pillar, or railing, when fitted thereto.
"
Secondly. The galvanised "rest" has a top and bottom projection bent back, and
pierced to admit the passage of a slender upright bar down the back of the "rest."
Thirdly. An iron plate of suitable size and shape, having the requisite notice
painted thereon on each side, is attached by means of "clips to the bar just
mentioned. The ends of the bar pass through the top and bottom projection of the
"rest," and are rivetted down, when the plate is free to swing to and fro at a
touch.
Fourthly. The "rest" is then buckled on to the freshly painted post or pillar by
a chain, dog, and padlock, and can be easily accommodated to any object.
AN IMPROVED METHOD FOR SCARING ROOKS FROM FIELDS
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edouard Emile Delaplace Gerardin
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 15th January 1877.
EDOUARD EMILE DELAPLACE GERARDIN, of No. 76, Southampton Row, Russell
Square, in the County of Middlesex, Sculptor. "AN IMPROVED METHOD FOR
SCARING ROOKS FROM FIELDS."
A model is made in tin of a dead rook having its body split open, its entrails
removed, and its wings expanded; the tin model is painted black, and is suspended
by string to a stake and left hanging in the air. The rook scarer may be made of
other metals or substances, but tin is the most convenient.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR REGULATING THE DRAFT OF FURNACES AND FOR PREVENTING SMOKE."
Year: 1877

page_text: "
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel Nightingale, the younger,
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 18th May 1877.
SAMUEL NIGHTINGALE, the younger, of Great Yarmouth, in Norfolk, Brewer.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR REGULATING THE DRAFT OF FURNACES AND
FOR PREVENTING SMOKE."
The objects of this Invention are to secure a regular current of air through the
furnace of a steam boiler, or copper, or other fire-place, so as to cause consumption
of smoke and combustion of gases, and to prevent waste of fuel and injury.
The ordinary method of regulating the amount of air passing upwards between
the fire-bars to effect the combustion of the fuel resting thereon is, by partially
closing the chimney by means of a sliding plate, called a damper, which is passed
through an opening in the flue or chimney, and regulated by a workman in charge
of the furnace. Now according to my Invention I do not regulate the draft by
partially closing the chimney, but by an automatic arrangement I permit air to enter
it otherwise than through the furnace when the draft is excessive. I form an
opening into the flue or chimney, and I place in it a valve or swinging door which
is provided with a counterbalance on the outside of the flue or chimney tending to
close the valve or door, and by a shifting weight I set such valve or door to the
requirements of the furnace; it thereby becomes self-acting and regulates the supply
of air to the furnace.
When the draft is in excess of the requirements of the furnace the valve opens,
cold air is let into the flue or chimney shaft, and reduces the flow of air through the
furnace;
but when the draft is not in excess of the requirements of the furnace the
valve remains closed.
Also I cut an aperture in the dead plate of the furnace to admit a current of air to
enter the furnace and pass upwards over the fire; the smoke and gases are thereby
pressed downwards on to the fire and are consumed. By means of a flap or door
carried under this aperture it can be closed at pleasure. This flap is retained by a
catch on the furnace doors, so arranged that it falls away from the aperture when
the furnace doors are opened. I stop the current of air by closing the aperture
SQ soon as the smoke is consumed. Thus the arrangement is partially self-
acting, as the furnace cannot be fired with the flap dropping and opening the
aperture.

page_text: By these arrangements, either together or separately, according to the require-
ments of the chimney, a certain regular current of air is kept constantly passing
through the furnace, but sufficient only to cause combustion of the smoke and gases;
quick and uneven drafts are avoided, and the passage of air through the furnace is
efficiently regulated at all times, so that unconsumed combustible gases are not
sucked through the shaft, a greater quantity of fuel cannot be consumed than is
requisite to maintain the heat of the furnace, and damage cannot be caused by
negligence or forgetfulness of workmen..
MENTS IN SHEARS AND SCISSORS
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Henry Taylor at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 27th March 1877.
GEORGE HENRY TAYLOR, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster.
MENTS IN SHEARS AND SCISSORS."
"IMPROVE-
My Invention has for its object improvements in shears and scissors, whereby
they are rendered more effective and convenient for the purpose of ripping goods
than shears and scissors of the ordinary form.
For this purpose I form one of the blades with a sharp edged curved shoulder or
extension, occupying from about a half to about two-thirds of the length of the
cutting edge, and extending from the rear end thereof forwards. By these means I
form a cutter capable of producing easy ripping by holding the scissors and shears
sufficiently open to admit its contact with the fabric.
Scissors and shears constructed in this manner preserve the ordinary cutting
qualities, and possess the additional facilities described.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BICYCLES FOR TRAVELLING UPON A TIGHT ROPE
Year: 1877

page_text: "
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Hamlet at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 16th June 1877.
THOMAS HAMLET, of Northampton, in the County of Northampton, Gymnast.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BICYCLES FOR TRAVELLING UPON A TIGHT ROPE."
The object of this Invention is so to construct a carriage or apparatus running
upon a single wheel which will convey a gymnast or gymnasts across and upon
wire or other tight ropes safely, that is, to construct such an arrangement of parts
as will effectually prevent the possibility of the apparatus leaving the rope or falling
from it whilst being employed for such gymnastic performances. Gymnastic
apparatus to be used for this purpose have commonly two wheels, but in my
improved machine I employ only one, and whilst thus friction is considerably
reduced, the speed of the apparatus is necessarily increased and its safety insured.
For the purpose of my Invention I first provide a suitable fraine which is fitted
with a saddle at the top, in which one of the performers is to be seated.
Through the centre of the framework is carried an axle upon which the wheel of
the apparatus revolves, the said frame being extended to a point which is a little
below the level of the rope, and is constructed to carry a small roller which is so
arranged that it comes in contract or nearly in contract with the under side of the
rope upon which the machine is being driven, and being provided on its periphery
with a groove corresponding in size to that of the rope, this wheel or roller is
effectually prevented from leaving the rope. The said roller can be removed from
the apparatus or fitted in its position at pleasure by simply removing the pin upon
which it revolves.
To the lower end of the frame of an apparatus or machine constructed according
to my intention, I suspend bars, or bars and ropes, upon which a second gymnast
is suspended, and it will be now understood that the weight of this second performer
being exactly below the line upon which my improved single wheeled apparatus is
caused to travel will effectually keep the said carriage or apparatus in a vertical
position.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CRAVATS
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Louis Emile Picard at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 24th November 1877.
LOUIS EMILE PICARD, of Boulevard Saint Denis, No. 1, at Paris, Manufacturer.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CRAVATS."
The object of my Invention is to make cravats or neckties without clasps or
fastenings, such as are usually employed in "made up" ties.
The essential feature of my improved cravat or necktie is that the portion which
passes round the neck, and which is by preference composed of a cord is free from
the bow or front portion, and is retained in place when the cravat is in wear simply
by the friction or hold caused by the meeting and overlapping of the two ends of
the cord in a' sheath or tube fitted for the purpose. Thus the ordinary clasps
or fasteners are dispensed with, and the objections incidental thereto are avoided.
In carrying out my Invention I fit at the back of the bow or knot of the cravat,
a sheath or oval tube of metal, cardboard, or other suitable material, and by
preference horizontal, and I employ for the neck portion of the cravat a free cord,
which may or may not correspond in color with the bow or knot. The two ends of
this cord after it has been passed round the neck are led through the sheath or
tube, and drawn to the desired degree of tightness, and the friction or hold of the
two thicknesses of cord upon each other and upon the inside of the sheath, is
sufficient to prevent the cord becoming slack, without the use of a clasp or other
fastener.
In some cases I divide the sheath by a row of stitches, or otherwise, so that the
two thicknesses of the cord are kept apart, but the friction is still sufficient to prevent.
the cord working slack.
.
One or more runners or slides may be placed on the free ends of the cord to
enhance the appearance of the neck tie.
When a cord is not liked a flat band may be used, but it, like the cord, is free,
that is to say, not stitched or attached by its ends to the bow or knot, and in this case

page_text: the sheath, instead of being oval, should be flat, so as to give sufficient friction or
hold to the two thicknesses of band.
When it is desired that the ends of the cord or band should not shew at the front,
I attach the middle portion of it to the back of the bow or knot, and lead the ends
through a sheath at the back of the neck, pulling them to the degree of tightness 5
desired.
IMPROVED GANTRY
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Hough at the Office of the Com-
missioners of Patents on the 31st January 1877.
JOHN HOUGH, of Castleton, in the County of Lancaster.
"IMPROVED GANTRY."
The gantry at present in use is made wholly of wood plated with iron at each
end and on the upper surface, and same, as is well known is very heavy to handle,
and being constructed of wood it very frequently breaks owing to the great weight
put upon it.
Now according to my Invention I propose to obviate these objections
and evils attendant to the use of the present gantry. In order to do so I prefer to
construct my gantry as follows:-The sides are made of T iron of light section;
these sides are bound by iron stays, the number of which is governed by the length
of gantry required. By this system of construction I secure a gantry which is more
durable, less liable to break, and much lighter, and therefore more readily handled
than the gantry at present in use.
IMPROVE. MENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF JACQUARDS AND MACHINERY AND APPARATUS APPLICABLE TO TWIST LACE MACHINES AND WEAVING LOOMS
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Matthew Robinson at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 25th July 1877.
MATTHEW ROBINSON, of Radford, in the County of Nottingham. "IMPROVE.
MENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF JACQUARDS AND MACHINERY AND APPARATUS
APPLICABLE TO TWIST LACE MACHINES AND WEAVING LOOMS."
When making curtains, laces, or edgings with scolloped or vandike edges in a
twist lace machine, heretofore such scolloped or vandike edges have frayed out after
being dressed and clipped, to prevent which I employ a bar of a suitable shape in
section, the length of the bar being the same as the width of the machine, lying in
bearings attached to the machine; this bar is capable of being traversed to the right
or left by a jacquard, or by a wheel operated in the usual way; the bar may be
placed at the front or back of the machine or over the work bar; the bar is provided
with a number of brackets which are capable of adjustment upon it, each bracket
carrying or forming part of one or more instruments; each instrument as the
carriage is going out of the front or back press upon one or more bobbin threads,
thereby causing a slackness of such threads so that they can be drawn to the right
or left the required distance, and be twisted in with the warp or spool threads
to produce a fast smooth edge the whole depth of the scollope or vandike.
When the warp or spool threads are acted upon by jacks or interceptors, instead
of lifting each such jack or interceptor by two strings attached to two single hooked
jacquard needles, I employ double hooked spring needles in the jacquard, each
needle being operated alternately at the back and front motions by lifting grids in
the usual way. The double hooked spring needles I place in position for lifting
with either grid by means of one cross wire pressed in by a card at each end, which
cards are carried by cylinders constructed and operated in the usual way, instead of
using two single hooked needles and two cross wires, thus enabling the machine
when making certain fabrics to be driven at double the usual speed; when making
other fabrics with the pattern repeated and having a border attached, the jacquard
effects the changes required automatically.

page_text: The single cross wire-I employ' has either one or two slots or recesses, or two
studs in or between which the double hooked spring needle is placed; the wire is
made flat a portion or portions of its length; such flat parts lie and slide in sleys
which prevents the wire turning round.
A double hooked spring needle operated by one cross wire is equally applicable
to jacquards employed in weaving looms; when so employed, half the number of
hooks, cross wires, and strings are dispensed with.