NEW OR IMPROVED MACHINERY TO BE EMPLOYED IN THE PRODUCTION OF ENAMELLED SURFACES AND LETTERS INSCRIPTIONS AND DESIGNS ON ENAMELLED SURFACES
Year: 1884

page_text: I BENJAMIN BAUGH of N° 288 Bradford Street Birmingham in the County of
Warwick Manufacturer do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
NEW OR IMPROVED MACHINERY TO BE EMPLOYED IN THE PRODUCTION OF
ENAMELLED SURFACES AND LETTERS INSCRIPTIONS AND DESIGNS ON ENAMELLED
SURFACES to be as follows:-
"2
My invention consists of machinery constructed as hereinafter described the said
machinery having for its object to produce enamelled surfaces or coatings more
uniform in thickness than can be produced by the ordinary hand processes and also
to remove rapidly and efficiently the superfluous enamel powder in the production
of letters inscriptions and designs on enamelled surfaces by the use of stencil
plates.
That part of the said machinery which has for its object the production of
enamelled surfaces or coatings of uniform thickness consists essentially of the
following combination of parts. A table on which the plates to be enamelled are
laid has a pair of rails extending its whole length. On these rails a carriage on
which the appliances for delivering and distributing the enamel powder are
situated works. These appliances consist of a hopper containing the enamel
powder and two inclined wire work or perforated plates one on each side of the
hopper. The bottom of the hopper is provided with an adjustable slide by which
the rate at which the enamel powder passes out of the hopper is regulated. The
inclined wire work or perforated plates on which the enamel powder falls are
geared to the wheels of the carriage and receive therefrom during the passage of
the carriage over the plates to be coated with enamel an oscillatory motion. By
the oscillatory motion the enamel powder is sifted through the wire work or
perforated plates onto the plates to be enamelled and is distributed with a
uniformity unattainable by hand processes.
The carriage is provided at each end with automatic reversing mechanism by
which its motion is reversed when it has reached the end of its path in either
direction One of the two inclined wire work or perforated plates is brought into
action when the carriage travels in one direction and the other of the said inclined
ID:

page_text: wire work or perforated plates is brought into operation when the carriage travels
in the other direction.
That part of the said machinery which has for its object to remove superfluous
enamel powder in the production of letters inscriptions and designs on enamelled
surfaces by the use of stencil plates is constructed as follows:-A table having
adjustable bars at front and back by which the plates to be treated are held has
a pair of rails on which a wagon travels backwards and forwards. This wagon
carries a rotating brush to which rotary motion is given by the wheels of the wagon.
On each side of the rotary brush is a roller made preferably of vulcanised india
rubber. These rollers are so geared together that when one is raised the other is
depressed.
As the wagon travels that roller. which is in advance of the rotating brush is
depressed and passing over the stencil plate immediately in front of the rotating
brush holds down the stencil plate firmly while the brush passes over it.
An additional rotating brush may be employed to clear the enamel powder off
the stencil plate.
The wagon having travelled from end to end of the table may either in its
return motion operate upon another series of stencil plates (the vulcanised india
rubber roller now in front of the brush being depressed) or the wagon may be
rapidly returned to its first position the rotating brush and rollers being thrown
out of gear while the wagon.makes its return motion. The wagon may be provided
with automatic mechanism for reversing its motion when it reaches the end of
its path.

page_text: I BENJAMIN BAUGH of No 288 Bradford Street, Birmingham in the County of
Warwick, Manufacturer do hereby declare the nature. of my Invention for." NEW
OR IMPROVED MACHINERY TO BE EMPLOYED IN THE PRODUCTION OF ENAMELLED
SURFACES AND LETTERS INSCRIPTIONS AND DESIGNS ON ENAMELLED SURFACES
"
and in what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement:-
My invention consists of machinery constructed as hereinafter described the
said machinery having for its object to produce enamelled surfaces or coatings more
uniform in thickness than can be produced by the ordinary hand processes and
also to remove rapidly and efficiently the superfluous enamel powder in the pro-
duction of letters, inscriptions and designs on enamelled surfaces by the use of
stencil plates.
That part of the said machinery which has for its object the production of
enamelled surfaces or coatings of uniform thickness consists essentially of the
following combination of parts. A table on which the plates to be enamelled are
laid has a pair of rails extending its whole length. On these rails a carriage on
which the appliances for delivering and distributing the enamel powder are situated
works. These appliances consist of a hopper containing the enamel powder and
two inclined wire work or perforated plates one on each side of the hopper. The
bottom of the hopper is provided with an adjustable slide by which the rate at
which the enamel powder passes out of the hopper is regulated. The inclined
wire work or perforated plates on which the enamel powder falls are geared to
the wheels of the carriage and receive therefrom during the passage of the carriage
over the plates to be coated with enamel, an oscillatory motion. By the oscillatory
motion, the enamel powder is sifted through the wire work or perforated plates
onto the plates to be enamelled and is distributed with a uniformity unattainable
by hand processes.
The carriage is provided with automatic reversing mechanism by which its
motion is reversed when it has reached the end of its path in either direction.
One of the two inclined wire work or perforated plates is brought into action
when the carriage travels in one direction and the other of the said inclined wire
work or perforated plates is brought into operation when the carriage travels in
the other direction.
That part of the said machinery which has for its object to remove the super-
fluous enamel powder in the production of letters inscriptions and designs on
enamelled surfaces by the use of stencil plates is constructed as follows. A table
having adjustable bars at front and back by which the plates to be treated are
held, has a pair of rails on which a wagon travels backwards and forwards. The
said table has adjustable guides to determine the exact positions of the plates.
The wagon described carries a rotating-brush to which rotary motion is given by:

page_text: the wheels of the wagon. On each side of the rotary brush is a roller made
preferably of vulcanised india rubber. These rollers are so geared together that
when one is raised the other is depressed.
As the wagon travels, that roller which is in advance of the rotating brush is
depressed and passing over the stencil plate immediately in front of the rotating
brush holds down the stencil plate firmly while the brush passes over it and
removes the enamel from those parts of the plates under treatment which are not
covered by the stencil plates.
An additional rotating brush may be employed to clear the enamel powder off
through the stencil plate.
The wagon having travelled from end to end of the table may either in its
return motion operate upon another series of stencil plates (the vulcanised india
rubber roller now in front of the brush being depressed) or the wagon may be
rapidly returned to its first position, the rotating brush and rollers being thrown
out of gear while the wagon makes its return motion. The wagon may be provided
with automatic mechanism for reversing its motion when it reaches the end of its
path.
Figure 1 of the accompanying Drawings represents in side elevation partly in
section; Figure 2 in plan and Figure 3 in transverse vertical section taken on the
line A B, Figures 1 and 2, machinery constructed according to my invention for
uniformly distributing the enamel powder over the surface of the plates for the
production of enamelled surfaces or coatings of uniform thickness; Figure 3ª is an
end elevation of the hopper and exhibits the arrangement for automatically
working the hopper slides. The same letters of reference indicate the same parts
in Figures 1, 2, 3 and 34.
a is the table upon which the plates to be enamelled or coated are laid, the said
table carrying a pair of rails o, o extending its whole length. Upon these rails a
carriage or wagon a works the said carriage or waggon supporting the divided
hopper a³, a and the appliances herein after described for delivering and distri-
buting the enamel powder. The said carriage or wagon has a backward and
forward travelling motion upon the rails o, o in the manner herein after described
and the motion of the carriage or wagon is reversed when it has reached the end of
its path in either direction by the automatic reversing mechanism also herein after
described. Below each part of the divided hopper a³, a is an inclined wire work
or perforated plate. These plates are marked respectively p and p¹ and are herein
after called sieves. Through these sieves the enamel powder from the hopper is
sifted onto the plates supported on the table a. The said sieves p, p² are suspended
from the ends of hopper a³, aby means of the elastic arms q, q which may be made
of steel, lance wood or other clastic material. The sieves p, p¹ are fixed at any
desired angle by means of the end plates w, w¹ which are perforated with holes
(see Figure 1) and through that hole situated opposite the arm o̟ a cotter or pin is
passed.
An oscillatory motion is given to the sieves p, p' as the carriage or wagon a²
travels over the plates on the table a in the following manner. Near the bottom
of the elastic arms q, q are projections or cams r (see Figure 3) which are made to
engage with the cam wheels s and s¹ on the shaft t (see Figures 2 and 3) the said
shaft t turning in bearings on the end of the wagon hopper. The shaft t receives
motion from the bevil wheel u on the end of the shaft t gearing with the bevil
wheel on the face of one of the wheels of the carriage or wagon a² (see Figure 2).
As the wagon or carriage a³ travels in one or other direction upon the rails o, o
rotatory motion is given to the shaft t through the bevil wheels vu and the cam
wheels and s' operating upon the cams or projections on the suspending
arms 9, 9 give the necessary oscillatory motion to the sieves ppl and the enamel
powder falling upon the said sieves from the hopper a³, a is sifted through them
onto the plates to be enamelled and is distributed very uniformnly upon the said
plates. By means of guards x, x along the sides of the sieves P, P! (see Figure 1)
an accumulated quantity of powder is prevented from passing from the sieves

page_text: onto the plates to be enamelled. The bottom of the part a³ of the hopper is
provided with adjustable slides y and the bottom of the part a' of the hopper with
similar slides y² for regulating the rate at which the enamel powder passes out of
the hopper onto the sieves. When narrow plates are to be coated the middle slides
only are opened, one or more slides on either side the middle ones being opened
according to the width of the plates under operation. One of the sieves p or p¹ is
brought into action when the wagon travels in one direction and the other of the
said sieves when the wagon travels in the opposite direction. This is effected by
cutting off the supply of powder from one of the parts a³ or a¹ of the divided
hopper at either end of the wagon's motion and at the same time permitting of the
passage of the powder from the other part of the hopper by the following reversing
arrangement.
The front ends of each of the slides y and y² of the hopper are jointed by short
levers d² to the rocking shafts d³ turning in bearings c³; c². All or any of the
slides y and y² may be connected to these levers according to the width of supply
required in the sieves. At the ends of the rocking shafts d³, d³, levers d', d' are
fixed which hang in front of the side of the table a and the said levers d', d' are
connected together by the tie rod 2 so that when one lever is acted upon, motion.
is communicated to the other. Along the front of the table a a rod f' is fixed
upon which are placed stops g² which may be moved upon the said rod to any
desired position and be fixed by set screws. The levers d, are so arranged on
the rod as to come into contact with the stops g when the wagon has travelled
the required distance in either direction, sufficient distance been allowed to give
time before the motion of the wagon is reversed to close the one set of the slides of
the hopper and open the opposite set as will be understood by an examination of
the Drawings.
The reciprocating travelling motion of the wagon or carriage a², supporting the
powder delivering and distributing appliances, is effected by the endless band n
which is connected to the divided hopper a³, a' of the wagon or carriage a². The
endless band n works over the fixed pulley at one end of the machine by which
pulley the band is driven and over the loose pulley. at the opposite end of the
machine. Rollers g¹ and h¹ (see Figure 1) support the said band n and prevent it
swagging. By means of the screws m and m² the bearings in which the axis of
the pulley works can be adjusted so as to regulate the tension of the said endless
band n. By the travelling motion of the lower lap of the endless band n in ono
direction the wagon and appliances described are carried in the same direction
upon the rails o, o and on the reversal of the direction of the motion of the said
band the direction of the motion of the wagon and appliances is also reversed and
the enamel powder is thus distributed over the plates both as the wagon makes its
advance motion and as it makes its return or back motion.
The reversal of the motion of the endless band n and consequently the reversal
of the motion of the wagon a² is effected by the following combination of parts;
b is a driving speed cone on the driving shaft g the said shaft g carrying at its end
the fixed bevil wheel c. The axis h of the driving pulley k over which the endless
band n works carries at its end a loose bevil wheel e the two bevil wheels c and e.
being geared together by the loose bevil wheel d. The belt or band shaft.h is
extended between the two wheels e and c and on the said extended part of the shaft
is a double ended sliding clutch f which by the action of the lever'; can either be
engaged with the bevil wheel c or with the bevil wheel e or placed in an inter-
mediate position so as to throw the machine out of gear. When the clutch fis in
gear with the bevil wheel c, the band shaft h is driven directly from the cone
shaft g and when the clutch fis in gear with the bevil wheel e the motion of the
shaft g is transmitted through the wheels c, d and e to the band shaft h and the
direction of the motion of the said shaft is consequently reversed.
The wagon or carriage a³ on reaching the end of its path in either direction is
made to reverse the motion of the band shaft h in the following manner. On the

page_text: .
side of the wagon hopper a³, a' is a projection or arm z through which the rod a
passes, the said rod being connected to the clutch lever. j. Upon the said rod a³
are two stops aº, adjustable upon it, the said stops being fixed in position by set
screws, When the wagon or carriage a2 has travelled the required distance in
either direction, the arm strikes one or other of the stops a and thereby throws
the clutch out of gear with the wheel c or c and reverses the motion of the wagon
or brings the clutch into an intermediate position and arrests the motion of the
machine as will be understood by an examination of Figure 2.
a7 is a magazine or store for the enamel powder to be emptied into the hopper a³, as
of the carriage or wagon. The said magazine is heated by gas jets at d. It is
also provided with sliding doors do which may be opened more or less by means of
the levers d; d¹² Figure 1 is a sieve upon which the powder from the magazine
falls and through which sieve the finest powder passes into the receiver d¹³. By.
this means only the larger grains of powder are permitted to pass into the wagon
hopper a³, a. The fine powder accumulated in the receiver ¹³ is removed at its
ends. The enamel powder thus distributed on the plate is burnt or fused on the
plate in the ordinary way and constitutes the foundation of the enamelling process.
The plate with the burnt on foundation is next coated with white or coloured
enamel and again burnt. The coating of enamel which is to be first operated upon
by means of stencil plates is next applied. This coating consists of a creamy
mixture of the enamel in fine powder and gum water and is applied by means of a
brush. After this coating has dried stencil plates are applied to the enamelled
plates and portions of the enamel coating are removed by the operation of the
brushing machinery hereinafter described. The brushing removes the enamel from
those parts of the plates not protected by the stencil plates while the parts of the
plates covered by the stencil plates retain the coating of enamel. The enamel
coating after the brushing process is burned in the usual way and a second, third,
or any required number of coatings of different coloured enamels necessary to
produce the desired inscription or design may be applied and treated by stencil
plates and brushing in the way described.
Figure 4 represents in side elevation; Figure 5 in plan and Figure 6 in end
elevation, machinery constructed according to my invention for removing the super-
fluous enamel powder from off the plates under treatment through the stencil
plates; Figure 7 is a longitudinal section taken through the brush showing an
arrangement for changing the said brush when necessary. Figures 8 and 9 are
details of Figure 7 drawn to a larger scale and Figure 10 is a longitudinal section
of the wagon or carriage detached together with the brush and appliances con-
nected with it.
The same letters of reference indicate the same parts in Figures 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9.
and 10.
The driving and reversing mechanism of this machinery is similar to that of the
powder delivering and distributing machinery represented in Figures 1. 2. 3
and 3A and corresponding parts are marked with the same letters of reference.
a is the frame of the carriage or wagon, supporting the brush and stencil plate
holding down appliances. The said wagon works upon rails or against shoulders
on the table. Upon one of the axles of the wagon is mounted a speed cone b²;
c² is an inner frame swinging or turning upon centres at d² and carrying the rotary
brush e² which removes the superfluous powder as the said brush is carried along
the table a through the stencil plates supported on the said table. The said inner
frame also carries the speed cone f*,which is driven by a band from the speed-
cone b² on the axle of the wagon or carriage a. Instead of the speed cones b
and 2, toothed wheels may be used to gear the rotating brush e² with one of the
wheels of the travelling wagon or carriage a. At the front end of the inner frame c²
a screw and hand wheel g² is situated the point end of the said screw resting upon
a cross bar of the outer or wagon frame a and is for the purpose of raising or
lowering the rotating brush e² and thereby increasing or reducing its pressure upon

page_text: the stencil plates;. 2, h³ are rollers carried on the ends of the cranked lever k² on.
the frame c, the said rollers being for the purpose of pressing down the stencil
plates in advance of the rotating brush e², the degree of pressure being regulated
by means of the weighted lever i acting upon a peg or 3 on the cranked lever 2
which carries the said rollers. The weighted lever i may be thrown upon one or
the other side of its centre so as to bring either of the rollers h2, h3 into action
according to the direction in which the wagon or carriage is travelling and are
bars constituting a framework for carrying the stencil plates overhead. Or an
arrangement for supporting the stencil plates from underneath the machine may
be adopted as herein after described and illustrated; m and m¹ are hangers for
carrying the gripping pieces n²; n³ details of which are also shown in the modified
arrangement.
It will be understood by an examination of the Drawings that as the wagon or
carriage a travels on the table x that the roller h³ or h³ which is in advance of the
rotating brush e², is depressed by means of the weighted lever i and passing over
the stencil plate immediately in front of the rotating brush holds down the stencil
plate firmly while the brush passes over it and removes the superfluous enamel
powder from the parts not covered by the stencil plates. After the brush has
passed over the stencil plates it is necessary to remove the said plates by lifting
them out of the way while other plates to be treated are introduced into the
machine. This is effected by the arrangement of parts represented in Figures 4
and 6. The said arrangement consists of the levers o, o carried upon the cross
shafts p, p the short arms of the levers being connected by slots and pins with the
vertical parts 12, 12 of the framework. The lever p at each end of the table is
connected to the other lever by means of the rod q so that when one lever is
moved it acts upon the other and the whole frame is elevated or depressed and
with it the stencil plates as will be understood by an examination of Figure 4.
The arrangement for supporting the rotary brush e so that it can be readily
replaced when worn, or one of a different size substituted for it, is represented in
Figures 7, 8 and 9. The spindle upon which the driving cone f' is fixed is provided
at its end with a square recess into which the end of the brush spindle s may
enter as represented. At the other end of the spindle s a groove t is made
coincident with the outside of the bearing into which groove a jointed plate or
fence u drops the said plate being jointed to the side of the bearing as seen in the
details Figures 8 and 9. By lifting the plate u from the groove t the spindle s
may be withdrawn and the brush replaced by a fresh one.
Figure 11 represents in side elevation; Figure 12 in plan of underside and
Figure 13 in cross section the gripping arrangement for the stencil plates when
supported by the framework below the table and also an arrangement for making
the table adjustable.
The frame 2, 3 and the levers o, ó are constructed substantially as herein before
.described but the hangers m and m³ now form supports for carrying the gripping
pieces n and n¹. These gripping pieces are shown on a larger scale in Figure 14.
At each end of the table are cross pieces 9 supported upon the uprights p. In
the said pieces q is a slot or groove a. The table in this arrangement is formed of
a series of bearers or supports 6 b. At the ends of the bearers b, b and on their
upper sides plates or straps 62 are attached. Each plate has a hole in it situated
over the groove or slot a in the cross pieces q and by passing a bolt a³ through the
said hole in the plate, each of the bearers b can be secured at any desired distance
from the others so as to obtain a table of the required width. The angle irons /*
carrying the supports m, m³ can also be adjusted to suit different sized plates by
means of a series of bolt holes in the cross pieces d through which holes bolts are
passed. Any length of gripping pieces n and n¹ can be used by making a series of
boles in the angle irons into which holes the supports m, m² can be placed and
fixed; c c are bearers upon which travel the wheels of the carriage the said bearers
being fixed at each end to the cross pieces q q.

page_text: Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim is
With respect to the machinery herein before described and illustrated in
Figures 1. 2. 3 and 34 of the accompanying Drawings for uniformly distributing
the enamel powder over the surfaces of the plates to be coated or enamelled:-
First The combination in the said machinery of a reciprocating travelling
carriage or wagon supporting appliances for delivering and uniformly distributing
the enamel powder over the plates the several parts being arranged or combined
and operating substantially as described and illustrated.
Secondly-The arrangement or combination of parts described and illustrated
for giving an oscillatory motion to the distributing sieves.
Thirdly The combination or arrangement of parts described and illustrated for
driving the carriage or wagon and for automatically reversing its motion on the
said carriage or wagon reaching the end of its path in either direction.
Fourthly The combination or arrangement of parts described and illustrated
for automatically cutting off the supply of powder to one sieve and supplying the
powder to the other sieve on the reversal of the motion of the carriage or wagon.
I claim with respect to the machinery herein before described and illustrated in
Figures 4 to 14 both inclusive of the accompanying Drawings for removing the
superfluous enamel colour in the production of letters inscriptions and designs upon
enamelled surfaces by means of brushes and stencil plates:-
Fifthly The combination in the said machinery of a reciprocating wagon or
carriage supporting a rotary brush and appliances for holding down the stencil
plates in front of the said travelling and rotary brush, the several parts being
arranged and operating substantially as described and illustrated.
Lastly The combination or arrangement of the parts described and illustrated
for driving the reciprocating carriage or wagon supporting the rotary brush and
holding down appliances and for automatically reversing the motion of the carriage
or wagon when it has reached the end of its path in either direction.
Doted this Fourteenth day of Anvil 1885