Various improvements appertaining to cranks, pedals pedal foot grips, locking bearings mud or rain shields and inflating apparatus of cycles.
Year: 1897

page_text: JAMES THOMAS ELLIS, of No. 5, Hargreave Terrace, Terenure Road, Dublin,
Title Investigator, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows: —
Various improvements appertaining to cranks, pedals pedal foot grips, locking
bearings mud or rain shields and inflating apparatus of cycles. My improvements
in cranks consist in the following devices; Instead of rigidly securing the pedal
crank, in the usual manner, directly to the spindle, I pivot or hinge it thereto, or
therefrom, preferably in the following manner. I secure to the spindle in any
well known way, at an angle thereto, an arm or double arm (herein called the spindle
arm), forming when on the spindle a "T" (4) or "L" (−) arm. One end is
recessed or cut away centrally leaving it fork ended with two prongs or wings,
between these wings I pass the head of the crank and secure it thereto by means
of pins or bolts, passing through side holes, or equivalent means, and further secur-
ing the arm to the crank at its further end by a pin and nut or other means, so as
to be easily detachable. If the crank be disconnected at either end of the arm it
can swing or pivot, so as to turn the pedal end in or towards the frame. The spindle
arm may be double, the central part being continued beyond the junction to the
spindle, and this second arm may be centrally hollowed so as to form side flanges
and the pedal crank may lie in this hollow arm, its upper end being pivotally
secured as above mentioned. Or I may dispense with the recesses or hollows above
mentioned and have the end of the spindle arm angularly shaped at the end by
bending same or otherwise, or having a pin thereto. I have the crank hanging to
the side of this arm securing it to the angular end or pin and pivotally securing it
at the further end, preferably by the key bolt, but instead of pivoting it to the key
bolt I may pivot it to a pin integral with or attached to the arm for that purpose.
That the machine may be moved along without the cranks rotating I may have
the chain wheel loose and have therein one or more slots or holes into which a
sliding bolt or equivalent may take, the outer end of this bolt bearing against the
crank. On the crank being reversed on its pivot thereby turning the pedal side
inwardly the upper end bears against the sliding bolt releasing it from the wheel
which can then rotate freely on the spindle, or the bolt may be dispensed with and
the inner side of the crank head shaped to lie in the wheel slot when in its normal
position.
To lock the chain or driven wheel when the cranks are turned inwardly I may
also have clipped or secured or integral with the side of the bracket, a tube or
equivalent having therein a bolt the end of which may be kept in its normal
position within the tube by a spring or such like. To lock the wheel the crank is
turned inwardly on its pivot when in line with the head of the bolt and during its
reversal its head, which is shaped for that purpose, bears against the bolt head
forcing the bolt along the tube till its end engages with and locks the chain wheel.
By adopting the above devices I am enabled to reverse the cranks thereby bring.
ing the pedals under or in line with the frame, 'and by such reversal to leave the

page_text: driven wheel free to rotate independently of the cranks, and also by such reversal,
when desired, to lock the driven wheel against rotation.
With the object of increasing the crank leverage I adopt the following device-
Instead of having the small pedal pin as now in use I have a tubular pedal pin or
equivalent, of large diameter screwed or secured by pins or otherwise to the crank
end which may be suitably enlarged and adapted for such purpose or I attach to
the crank end a circular plate to which I secure by means of intervening pins or
equivalents a second plate.
The tubular pin and plates are adapted to carry ball bearing cones and around
these a ball bearing pedal tube or cups.
With plates or tubes of large circumference necessitating a number of balls I
may lessen the number by separating same by means of a ring containing ball
bearing recesses or having such recesses to either cup or cone.
In another arrangement I use an ordinary pedal pin having ball bearing cones
as at present in use and over these cups which may be in one with or attached to
circular plates or a tube of not less than three inches in diameter.
To form the pedal frame, I have the side plates in one with or secured to the cups
or equivalents in any well known manner." To each end of the sides I pivotally
attach (at right angles) an end piece thus forming a T piece that the end piece may
be turned to any angle. I have holes or slots thereto and to the side plate connect-
ing and securing them at such angle by a screw. One end of a T piece I have
adapted for rat trap plates either by continuing and bending over the end and con-
necting same with the end of the further T piece end or by securing two such
opposite ends a connecting rat trap plate. To the other end of the T piece I secure
the usual blocks or I may have the T piece in one with or rigidly attached to the
sides instead of being pivoted thereto.
In a modification I may attach to the cups or equivalents at the edges thereof
not centrally one or more pedal frames consisting of side, rear and front plates with
blocks or rat trap plates and that the pedal blocks or plates may be kept in one
position during the revolution of the crank so as to be easily caught by the foot I
may have to the frame or cup tube a hinged or pivoted pawl or catch the inner end
of which is kept pressed or locked against the circular plates, tube, pin or crank.
The upper or outer end of this catch stands out higher than the blocks so that the
weight of the rider's foot thereon presses it down raising and releasing the inner
or downward end leaving the pedals free to rotate. Preferably I would have the
pedal to lock when the crank at the bottom of the stroke so that it would be ready
to receive the foot at the top of the down stroke.
By adopting the above means I bring the foot nearer the crank spindle when at
the bottom of the stroke and further from it when the crank is upright thus allow-
ing a longer crank to be used and gaining leverage without increasing the circular
movement of the foot.
My improvements in pedals relate to a means of locking the pedal into the
position in which it falls when the foot is off it, so that when the clips are used the
pedal can be easily caught by the foot. I have in one with or attach a plate or
arm to the crank or pin, the plate or arm has one or more serrations slots or teeth.
To the pedal frame or tube I pivotally secure a double armed lever the arm towards
the plate being adapted to catch into one of the above mentioned slots or equiva-
lents and kept therein by means of a spring or other means the inner arm of the
lever being bent upwardly so as to rise above the pedal frame.
Preferably I have the slotted plate or arm to the end of the crank so that the
pedal will be locked thereto when it falls to the lowest point the rotation of the
crank bringing it into position at the top of the down stroke. When the foot is
then placed on the pedal the inner lever arm is depressed and the pedal released
from connection with the locking plate and left free to rotate.
I may also have pivotally attached to the pedal tube or frame a second lever the
end to act as a foot plate for the purpose of bearing against the locking arm from
either side of the pedal and unlocking it on foot pressure. To form an improved

page_text: D)
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utomatic pedal foot grip and pushing clip I adopt the following device; I make a
lip plate by cutting a piece of flat metal approximately Z shaped, the upper angle
bend uprightly and over so as to partly encircle the foot sideways, and form a
etaining clip, the lower angle forms a heel piece against which the boot heel
bresses. At a little way from the heel piece I bend part of the plate upwards so
s to form a flange to press against the side of the boot. I pivotally attach this
plate to the pedal frame or tube and by a spring or other means keep it in a slant-
ing position, or I may use two of such plates having them pivoted together so as
to be X shaped when open. The side flange above mentioned may be toothed or
serrated to more tightly grip the side of the boot. I pivotally attach to the pedal
frame or tube a lever or foot plate part of which normally rises over the frame but
on pressure lies level therewith and bearing against the clip plates closes them
over or against the foot.
Instead of having the clips in one with the clip plate I may have the heel piece
and grip flange separate therefrom, but adjustable thereto by means of nuts, bolts
and slots, or suchlike means to either or both.
In a modification I may dispense with the retaining clips and simply bend up the
extreme ends of the plate to form a toe clip, or I may dispense with both. In a
further modification may dispense with the heel piece, only having the foot or
toe clip.
Instead of using a flat piece of metal I may use wire. To lock the bearings of
the wheels and crank spindle I adopt the following improved means, I attach to
the axle by brazing or other well known means a lever lock or other form of lock.
Passing through the oiling hole of the hub or bottom bracket I have a hollow tube,
the inner end being slotted. This tube may be brazed to the outer case or secured
A key may be passed through
thereto by nuts and screws or other available means.
this tube into the lock hole and turn the bolts thereof, which engage with the slot
or slots in the end of the tube, thereby locking the axle to the hub or bracket and
preventing rotation.
This arrangement may be reversed and the lock brazed or otherwise secured to
the inside of the hub or bracket under the oiling hole, or it may be secured to a
hollow tube which passed through the oiling hole and secured to the hub or
bracket. The lock bolts lock into a slotted arm or circular collar which is attached
to or in one with the axle.
In a modification I have in one with or attached to the axle a collar having a
hollow radial lug or pin to one side thereof, screw threaded, into this I pass a
threaded bolt, the upper end being squared or adapted to take a key, and the lower
end lying within the tube. To lock the bearing I pass a key through the oiling
hole of the hub or bracket and engage it with the head of the bolt and then rotate
same until the bolt end protrudes through the lug and is screwed tightly against
the inside of the hub or bracket.
In a further modification I may dispense with the bolt and have the lug screw
pass through the oiling hole a hollow tube the
threaded and to lock the bearing
end of which is screw threaded so as to be screwed upon the spindle lug, or I may
have the spindle collar with holes around same into one of which the end of the
locking tube or equivalent may take.
The locking tube or equivalent may be screwed into the outer bearing through
the oiling hole and further secured by one or more nuts, or secured by any available
means.
Instead of using the oiling hole for the purposes above mentioned I may have
a separate hole for such purposes.
It will be understood that the locks, collars or equivalents above referred to as
secured to the axle, are secured thereto, preferably, at or about the centre thereof,
and so as to be unseen when the axle is in position within the hub or bracket.
To provide an improved means of automatically inflating pneumatic tyres I secure
a double or single pump between the wheel spokes at or near the hub the further
end being connected to the rim or valve. The piston or equivalent is adapted to

page_text: be worked by a cranked spindle or eccentrically 'armed spindle or such like means.
This spindle-runs parallel with the hub and is loosely secured at each end to clips
or such like which are secured to the hub spokes. One end of the spindle passes
-through a clip and outside the spokes terminating with a pinion or friction wheel
which works against a pinion which is fixed or secured to the wheel axle or other
non rotary part.
J
J
i
The rotation of the wheel causes the pump pinion to travel around the fixed
pinion thereby imparting a rotary motion to the crank and causing the piston or
equivalent to force air into the tyre.
L
I may have the reciprocation of the piston caused by a spring, the head of the
piston having a friction roller to work against the eccentric on the spindle.
}
I may also have attached to or in one with said pump a release valve or appa-
ratus whereby only a certain amount of air may be forced into the tyre and I may
have the pinions so secured as to be adjustable and put out of gear when pumping
unnecessary. CAL
.7
'
L
I may attach one or more pumps to each wheel or have same detachable and
adjustable to either wheel. My improvements in mud and rain shields are as
follows. To the frame I have pivotally attached by clips one or more flat or round
bars which can be turned when not in use in line with the tube to which it is
attached or angularly thereto. To these bars or one of them I attach a guard of
some pliable material such as waterproof or rubber cloth securing same in such
manner that it may be easily rolled up thereon. These bars may also be so secured
to the clips as to be rotatable so that by the rotation thereof the shields thereon
may be rolled up. The upper part of the material may be loose and have looks
or such like by which it may be affixed to the saddle or otherwise secured so as to
protect the riders knees. The lower ends may be shaped to pass partly around or
under the feet and made detachable from the central part and it may be kept in
position by having the lower bar or bars bent as desirable I may also. have
the bars hinged so as to fold together and may have a lever rod
or equivalent in connection therewith to close or open same when riding.
I attach the bars by clips having pins to which the bars are pivoted or hinged and
locked.
.
Dotad thin lat Tonnome 1907
Improvements in Cycles.
I, JAMES THOMAS ELLIS, of No. 21, Garvelle Avenue, Rathgar, Co. Dublin,
late of 5, Hargrave Terrace, Terenure Road, Dublin, Title Investigator, do hereby
declare the nature of this invention, and in what manner the same is to be per
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement; --
Various improvements appertaining to cranks, pedals, locking of bearings, auto-
matic tyre inflating and shields for protecting the riders feet or limbs from mud
or rain. My first mentioned improvement refers to means of connecting the crank
to the spindle in such manner that the side carrying the pedal may be so turned as
to bring the pedal into an unridable position towards the machine frame and in
so turning relieving the driving wheel from rotatable connection with the spindle
so that the machine may be wheeled along without rotating the pedals. I also
have the furthur crank so adapted that the reversing thereof forces a bolt between
the spokes of the chain wheel so as to lock it also against rotation. I attain my

page_text: bject by having to each end of the spindle a short lug arm or equivalent which is
ecured by any well known means to the spindle giving to the spindle end a T or
shape. To this lug I pivotally attach the crank securing same in its normal
osition by bolts or nuts or other easily detachable means; various simple methods
re illustrated in Figures 1 to 10 of annexed drawings.
A of Fig. 1. is such a lug as above mentioned. It is secured to the spindle by a
otter pin, this pin being sufficiently long on each side that the crank B may hàng
hereon. A second pin is passed through the pin holes "a" of the lug and crank
hereby locking the crank from swinging or turning. When this pin is withdrawn
he crank may be reversed so as to turn the pedal inwardly. The head of the crank
SV shaped as at the lug passing between.
With Fig. 2 the lug is double armed (T shaped) as at a¹ the crank head being
coincidently shaped both are bolted together, the crank being underneath. On
one-pin being withdrawn the pedal side of the crank can be turned right around.
The crank head is also T shaped in Fig. 3 and attached to the lug A by the cotter
pin and the pin a². On the withdrawal of pin a2 the crank can be turned around.
In Fig. 4 the crank head B is also shaped but one of the angle pieces is
turned up as at 62, a pin a² passes through the hole "a" in this angle piece into
the end of the lug A through the hole a³. The crank is therefore pivotally
attached to the cotter pin which passes through the sides and is locked by the pin a
to the end, both pins being at right angles to each other. Withdrawing the pin a²
from the lug hole a³ leaves the crank free to be reversed.
In Fig. 5 the crank is also pivoted on the cotter pin and further secured to the
lug by the pin 3 which may be withdrawn to reverse the crank.
With Fig. 6 the lug end is angularly bent as at a such angle piece being screw
threaded to take a nut 63. The crank is pivoted to the cotter pin and has the
hole b to take the angle piece at and to lock same therein one end is circularly
larger than the other part to take the shank of the nut b³ when same is screwed
along the angle piece. To reverse the crank the nut is unscrewed so as to clear the
crank which can then be reversed.
The lug shown by Fig. 7 has the U shaped opening a³ at the side within which
is secured the locking catch a. The crank is pivotally attached to the cotter pin
and also has the slot 66 which takes the lug locking catch a as shewn at a when
this catch is turned so as to bring the locking end a in line with the lug the crank
can be reversed.
Fig. 8 shows a double armed lug the upper arm being V or fork shaped to take
the crank head and the lower end having a small slot to take a pin. The head of
the crank is bent inwardly, the inward part passing into the V slot and pivotally
secured by a pin passing through the hole a to the V sides. In one with or attached:
to the back of the crank I have the pin as the inner end is threaded to take the
nut 63 Normally this pin lies in the lug slot a and is retained therein by the
nut which is screwed up against the back of the lug.
In Fig. 9 the crank is shown forked, the lug lying within the fork slot. The lug
is shewn with the projection a¹, on which is fitted a pivot piece 68 the under side of
which is slotted as at 69 to receive such projection. The ends 610 of this pivot piece
passes into holes in the forked crank head which is thus pivoted thereto. The lug
has the hole a passing from the projection at through to the bottom, and is secured
to the spindle which has a coincident hole by the flat ended pin a¹² which passes
through all to a slotted hole b in the crank thereby securing all.
The crank may be reversed when the pin is unscrewed. so as to bring its flatted
end in line with the crank hole slot b.
I have the chain wheel or equivalent to run loose on the spindle but have therein
slots arms or such like to engage with arms projections, bolts, slots, or such like
which are in one, with or secured to the crank or operated thereby. Figs. 1, 2,14,
5 and 5 show at 6 projections or prolongations of the crank heads which would pass
into and be within such wheel slots, so that the rotation of a crank would cause
the rotation of such spindle wheel.

page_text: Fig. 8 shows the locking pin as with prolonged end 6 such end passing into the
wheel slot. On such a crank being reversed the reversal causes the arm or pin b
to pass out of the wheel slot leaving the wheel free to rotate independently of the
cranks.
I lock the driving wheel against rotation by means such as follows:-
Integral with the bottom bracket, or clipped in line therewith, I have a hollow
case, and within it is a locking bolt, its end being kept normally within the case,
or sufficiently so as to clear the crank spindle wheel, by springs or other means, as
in any ordinary or other form of lock. The further end or head of such bolt
normally protrudes out of the case so as to close to the crank head. The crank
head is so shaped that if when in line with the Bolt it is reversed, its head bears
against the bolt and forces it within the case, so that its further end must engage
with the crank spindle wheel so that it cannot rotate. Return movement of the
bolt may be effected in the usual way by a key, or by the reaction of the spring,
when the crank is reversed.
By Fig. 10 I show the case C clipped to the bottom bracket c¹, by clips, and
having therein a bolt 3, with its head & projecting out of the case, and kept so by
the spring, one end of which abuts against the case end, and the other against a
shoulder on the bolt. The crank head is shaped as at c, and on reversal; when
opposite to the bolt head, bears against such bolt head, forcing the bolt along the
case until its end engages with the wheel, and keeping the spring
pressed. On the crank being turned to its normal position the spring forces the
bolt backward, releasing the wheel.
com-
My second improvement refers to a means whereby a longer crank than usual
can be used without increasing the sweep of the foot.
In doing so I may have the pedal blocks or equivalents mounted on pins tubes
or cups of large diameter or mounted on arms radiating from such cups or the side
plates.
Fig. 11 shows such an enlarged tube or hollow pin E which is attached to a crank
such as 1) this tube has thereto cones e and notched ring e³ Figs. 11 and 12 over
these I have placed a bearing case such as e Fig. 12 which has thereto the cups e¹
and to each end thereof screw (or otherwise secure) side pieces F having thereto
the block bearing plates f, the blocks (or equivalents) being secured to such plates
at f. To prevent the blocks or plates from being kept under the tube or pin by
their own weight I have loosely within the cup bearing case e² a locking ring e
Fig. 13 having the shank which passes out through a hole in the case e and has
secured thereto the nut like cap c e. The inner part of the bottom of this ring has
a tooth e which is kept normally pressed within one of the notches of the ring c
as in Fig. 13 by a spring e10 which lies between the top of the case and the cap e e.
When riding the foot hears on the cap e e compressing the spring and forcing the
ring downwards so that the tooth e leaves the pedal pin ring leaving the pedal
free to rotate. When the foot is lifted off of the cap the locking ring e immediately
engages with the pin ring e³ and locks the bearing case (and thereby the blocks)
to the pin so that it may easily be caught by the foot.
Fig. 14 shows another form of my invention the pin E passing through one side
of the enlarged cones e, instead of centrally, a light pin e' serving to further connect
them at the further side, over these I pass the cups or cup case, securing the pedal
frame thereto in any usual manner. I lock the cup case to the pin or cones by
having the under side of a cone notched as shewn at e³, into a notch of which
engages the end of the catch es, which is attached to the case e², through the hole e',
and kept in such engagement by the spring elo.
Fig. 15 shows another form in which the enlarged cones c are secured centrally
to an ordinary pedal pin and further secured by the pins e7, over those is placed, as
usual, enlarged cups and bearing case. To the crank end of the pin is placed the
notched or slotted locking ring e³ (which may also act as a dust cap).
To the bearing case is secured at e the locking catch e the end e engaging with

page_text: the locking ring e³ and kept so by the spring e¹. It is released by pressure on
the bearing end e e.
Fig. 16 shows another mode of attaching the blocks so as to gain leverage having
the block bearing ends fl in one with an arm f emanating from the side piece F.
It is kept normally locked to the cup tube by any of the foregoing described lock-
ing rings and catches, and has a proportionately long bearing end, to such a catch
or equivalent.
I show a further alternative form by Fig. 17, F being a side plate having the
central E, and having the arms fa which have each a hole f5 and several adjust-
ing holes f. By a pin passed through the hole fo I have secured to each arm a
plate f, to each end f¹ whereof is attached a footblock f³ or rat-trap plate. This
plate has also a hole f5 through which passes the arm connecting pin, and also has
a hole fo which takes a screwpin which passes into one of the arm holes f, so that
the angle of the plates may be adjusted to bring the block that may be in use
nearer too or further from each other, if necessary.
It will be understood that the arrangements described, as to this branch of my
improvements, may be duplicated so far as necessary in the construction of an
entire pedal-the drawings in connection herewith serving only to illustrate broadly
the nature of such improvements.
To lock the pedals of the ordinary or usual kind to the pin so that when toe
clips are attached thereto they may be held in the one position when the foot is off
them, instead of swinging downwardly by the weight of the clip, I secure to the
pedal pin or the side of the crank a locking ring gapped slotted or notched. By
Figs. 18 & 25 I show such a ring e³ toothed interiorly and Figs. 19 & 21 show such
a ring with external notches or slots. On the frame tube I have a clip such as ell
Figs. 18, 19, & 25 to one side whereof is a spur e12. I have a locking catch e¹³
Figs. 18 & 25, such a catch is secured to the clip spur e¹² by having a hole therein e,
3. small nut on the spur end keeping it thereon the inner end e8 of this catch
engages with and normally lies in a notch in the locking ring and is kept in
such engagement by a spring which may be as e¹0 Fig. 18. A part of the catch has
thereto a projection ee which stands above the tube or blocks so that when the
foot is placed on the pedal it bears upon this projection thereby pressing the catch
downwardly so that its end e e is released from the locking ring leaving the pedal
free to rotate. When the foot is lifted off the projection the catch and ring both
engage again and the pedal is then locked as if in one with the crank and rotates
with it in the one position. Fig. 24 shows a form of catch for use with an externally
notched ring. Figs. 19, 20, 21, 22 & 23 show forms of catches e¹³ to which there
are two projections or foot plates e a one to each side, both so placed that if the foot
be placed on either side of the pedal it bears against a projection and releasing
the catch.
I
carry, out my invention as to locking the spindles of the crank or wheels to the
outer bearings as follows
To the spindle J Fig. 26 I secure a lock by brazing same thereto or clipping same
thereto as shewn at g. This lock may be of any ordinary or well known character
or such as shewn at g2 Fig. 28 interiorly. Through a hole in the bearing case G
I pass a hollow tube h having thereto the arm h₁ the end of which is bent at an
angle as at h², such angle having therein a slot for the retention of the bolt when
locked. The outside of this tube is screw threaded, and to this is secured the cap
or case h³ thereby securing it to the bearing. To operate the lock a key is passed
through the tube h.
I may
also have such a lock secured to the inside of the bearing case as shewn by
Fig. 27. The lock case for that purpose would have the hollow shank g³ the upper
part threaded to take a locking cap or case h³. This shank also provides a passage
for the key to operate the bolt of the lock. The bolt end engages with a slotted
collar on the axle, or as I prefer, it engages in slots in the back of the cone, as
shewn at h Fig. 27. Or I may have the lock secured to a hollow tube or case such
as g Fig. 28, the end of the case screwing into the bearing case through the hole

page_text: therein. Such case would have a dust cap g' screwed thereto for the purpose of
covering the key hole h. Within such case I would have a bolt g" part of the lock-
ing tongue h whereof always remaining in the narrowed end of the case, the upper
end has a pin g the further end or ends sliding in a slot or slots gd in the interior
side of the case. The bolt is thus so fixed that it can only slide up and down:, To
lock it in either position I have two springs ge (or equivalents) secured in the case
and to each side of the bolt a notch gf into which the end of the springs alternately
take according to the position the bolt is in, as shown in the drawing. To
operate the bolt I have the central slot g and to each side of such slot the slots, or
grooves g. Upon the key (as illustrated) being passed into the, case the part gi
bears against the spring that may be in engagement with the bolt, forcing it out of
the notch while the other part gi of the key engages with the groove g and gives
the necessary movement to the bolt forcing it downwardly until its tongue engages
with a cone slot h and until the other spring falls into the other notch thereby
locking the axle...
i
Figs. 29 to 32 show modifications in which locks are dispensed with and in lieu
thereof screwed pins or tubes are used. To the axle J I secure the clip. This
clip has to one side the hollow lug g6, within this lug I have the threaded bolt h the
upper end of which is squared as shown to take a key. To operate this bolt a key
is, passed through the hole g and turned until the bolt end is screwed down tightly
against the bearing case G. or sufficiently unscrewed, upwardly until its upper end
is within the bearing case hole when the key can be withdrawn..
Fig. 30 shows a further modification in which the collar or clip g5 is brazed to the
axle J and the lug 96 screw threaded. In this case, the bolt his threaded internally
and externally and is passed through the bearing case hole and secured. to the
bearing case G. It may be screwed or passed downwardly. through the hole until
its end engages the lug go thereby preventing the rotation of the axle. A cap or
case g¹ screws onto the outside of the bearing case hole shoulder so as to keep the
bolt from working down when unlocked. The bolt is sometimes screwed to this
cap. Figs. 31 & 32 show further variations of my, modifications in which the
spindle collar H has locking holes h. In Figure 31 the end of the bolt h is passed
through the shoulder of the oil hole and on being passed down the end takes into
a threaded axle hole and so locking the axle. This bolt is not permanently
attached to the outer case but if so attached would be screwed to a nut or tube
screwed to the case hole.
..
With Fig. 32 the locking tube or bolt h has an eccentric shoulder 8 which takes
into a spindle collar hole h. This bolt also passes through the outer case hole the
upper.end being secured to the cap or case g which is shown as screwed to the oil
hole shoulder.
It will be understood, that by Figs. 26, 27 & 28 I illustrate methods of using
locks to spindle or bearing case and in Figs. 29 to 32 I illustrate methods of lock-
ing by means of screwed pins tubes or the like as distinct from a lock and I do
not claim the use of the oiling hole for the purpose of locking the crank spindles
but may preferably use such holes for the purpose.
My improvements in automatically inflating pneumatic tyres are carried into
effect by means substantially as shewn by Figs. 33 to 39 of the drawings hereto
annexed.
I provide a clip preferably such as shewn at L Figs. 36 & 37 one end / is adapted
to engage with the hubs the pump being retained within the semicircular end .
Two of such clips are used as shewn in Fig. 38 secured together (and securing, the
pumps between them) by screw pins through the holes thereto provided. Each
clip has the semicircular or such like bend 3 and against this part I lay the small
clip piece 2 securing same thereto by screw pins, thereby forming a circle, into
which I have first passed the pumping spindle J (Figs. 33, 34, 35, 38). To the
further end of the pump I screw. a tube or collar m6 Figs. 37, 38, the lower end
being screwed into the tyre valve. The pump being thus secured to the wheel by
being clipped to the hub, and screwed to the valve. To the spindle J I secure

page_text: collars such as K Fig. 33 having an eccentric groove to the inner sides thereof,
preferably heart shaped as at K, these collars are sufficiently apart as in Fig. 35 so
as to allow the pump piston head to pass between. To the piston handle end of
the pump m, I have the clip m² which has to two sides the spurs m³, which take into
5 the collar grooves & so that if the collar spindle be turned, thereby rotating the
collars, operative movement will be communicated to the piston. One end of the
pumping spindle J passes outside the wheel spokes and terminates with a friction
wheel or pinion Fig. 38, this pinion works against another friction wheel or
pinion j Figs. 38 & 39 which is secured as shown to the hub spindle or other non-
rotating part of the machine. In some cases I may have the pumping spindle
pinion to be loosely attached to the spindle having thereto a shoulder Fig. 35
having thereto a pin hole through which a screw pin 5 passes into one of the
holes in the spindle so that by moving the pinion inwards along the spindle and
pinning it at the furthest hole the pinions will be out of gear or the fixed pinion
may be so attached or hinged to the forks. In some cases I may also have the hub
spindle pinion shaped as in Fig. 39 so that an intermittant pumping action-only
may be sustained, tapering or cutting away the parts and leaving such parts
practically eccentrical so that such pinion may at one end be a complete circle, at
the centre 2/3rds thereof and at the further end only one half circle (or of other suit::
able parts) the effect being that when the pump pinion is opposite the part je and
the wheel rotated a continuous pumping motion is enforced, but if secured opposite.
the further part 8 it is only in engagement with such half pinion for half of the
revolution of the wheel.
Figs. 34 and 38 show another variation in which the collar K is eccentrically
shaped exteriorly, and the piston having a forked shaped head m² with a friction
roller m³ secured thereto by a pin m². The reciprocating movement of the piston
is caused by a spring mich abuts against the fork head and the pump.
It will be understood that with the constructions above mentioned the pump or
pumps and connections are so attached and secured as to be easily detachable so
as to be applied to either wheel when necessary.
I attain my object in constructing improved shields, or guards for shielding
the rider's limbs or clothing by devices such as may be constructed by substantially.
similar devices to these illustrated in Figs. 40 to 48 of the drawings and herein-
after described.
I suspend the shields which are composed of rubber, cloth, or other light material
on bars which are pivotally attached to clips.
Those bars are so attached that they may be placed at right angles to the frame
of the machine and the lower ends so shaped as to retain the material partly under
or around the foot.
Figs. 40 and 41 shows such a clip as N secured to the frame by pins through the
holes n² and having the threaded spur n the upper part being flatted as at n¹. On
he spur I pass a bar such as n³ having radiating from the spur hole the four slots n¹.
wo of which engage at same time with the flats n¹ on the spur for the purpose
f locking it in line with the frame or at an angle thereto, by means of the wring
ut no which is lastly placed on the spur. Nominally the bar is in line with the
rame, and to put it in use angularly thereto the nut is partly unscrewed allowing
he bar to drip down off the spur flats, it is then turned into the required position
nd pushed up engaging the flats by the other two slots, and the nut tightened up.
Fig. 42 shows another form of clip, the bar n³ being divided, each central end
eing adapted as at no, to screw one into the other and also to tighten up the clip..
These bars are not adapted to be turned around, and remain at right angles to
he frame.
In the variation shewn at Fig. 43 the clip N is secured to the frame by a pin
rough hole n². It has the angular wings n¹, to these wings the bars n³ are
votally attached by pin and nut through the pin holes n' therein. These bars
ay be jointed as at n' so as to bring the shielding material nearer to and more
lly protect the rider's clothing. To the clip attached to the lower frame tube I

page_text: also attach the bar n8 Fig. 44 by the angular wings n to the clip wings n¹. To the
lower wings no I also attach a foot shield bar so as to have the shield to protect
the feet, with this variation the bars can be folded, in line with the machine.
Fig. 45 shows a further variation in which the clip is secured to the frame by
a pin through the hole n² and the bars secured to the wings n¹. To carry the foot
shield bars I have the bar n8 secured by the wings n to the lower bar clip which
passes through the holes n2. The foot bars are secured by pins through the holes n¹0.
The bars in this case are not turned parallel with the frame but are turned upwardly
in line with steering post.
The upper
Figs. 46, 47 and 48 show shapes of the shields the rods being secured thereto by
passing through the holes n5 or by hooks rings or such like means.
part n passes over the riders knees and terminates with a hook which may engage
with the saddle peak or the riders dress. This upper part, and the lower foot
protecting part n₁6 may be dispensed with leaving only the central part, Fig. 46.
In some instances the clips and bars are attached to the steering post instead of
to the frame, and I may also have the bars connected to a lever cord or equivalent
which would be secured to the handle bar or a clip thereto, such a cord not only.
serving to sustain the shields, but acting as a lever by the pulling whereof the bars
might be folded together or opened. I do not confine myself to the exact designs
shewn in the drawings as I may vary same for different classes of machines without
departing from the spirit of my improvements.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what 1
claim is:
1. So connecting a pedal crank to the crank spindle thereof, either directly
thereto or to a connecting lug thereon, that its outer face carrying the pedal may be
turned inwardly into an inoperative position and in so turning or reversing same,
thereby releasing the chain wheel or equivalent from operative connection with
such crank or spindle leaving it free to rotate independently of either.
2. So connecting a turning or reversable pedal crank and chain wheel or equiva-
lent that such crank may be taken out of engagement with such chain wheel and
reversed into an inoperative position leaving the chain wheel free to rotate inde-
pendtly of crank or wheel.
3. Forming a reversable or turning pedal crank with spurs, projections slots;
pins or equivalent means that may engage with coincident slots spurs or such like
to the chain wheel, or equivalent, in such manner that on the turning or reversal
of such a crank for the purpose of turning the pedal into an inoperative position, that
the wheel is left free to rotate independently of such crank.
4. The combination of turning or reversable pedal cranks, crank spindles con-
necting lugs and chain wheels hereinbefore described or in the drawings illustrated
for the purpose stated or the like substantially.
5. In a turning or reversable pedal crank, the form's and constructions in the
drawings illustrated.
6. So connecting a pedal crank to the crank spindle thereof either directly
thereto or to a connecting lug thereon, that its outer face carrying the pedal may
be turned inwardly into an inoperative position and in so turning or reversing
same thereby causing the bolt of a lock secured to the bottom bracket to be forced
between the spokes of the chain wheel or equivalent thereby locking it against
rotation.
7. Forming a turning or reversable pedal crank with a spur, projection or head
that may engage with a locking bolt attached to the bottom bracket for the purpose
of locking the chain wheel or equivalent against rotation upon the reversal of such
crank.
8. The combination of a turning or reversable pedal crank a locking bolt and a
chain wheel or equivalent substantially in and for the purposes hereinbefore
specified and described.
9. A pedal crank connected to the crank by the means and substantially as herein

page_text: before described for the purpose stated and illustrated in Figs. 11 to 17 of the draw-
ing or the like substantially.
10. A leverage pedal mounted upon its pin, or upon the cones thereof in such
manner that the foot is brought nearer the crank shaft at the bottom of the stroke
and further from it at the top thereof, and having in connection with such pin,
cones, or crank, a locking ring or equivalent and in connection with the pedal
frame, cups, or intervening tube, a locking catch or equivalent, adapted to engage
with such a ring, as and for the purposes stated, and illustrated in Figs. 11 to 17
of the drawings, or the like substantially.
11. The combination of a pedal frame connected to a short arm or spur attached
or secured to the cups or intervening tube, a locking ring or equivalent and locking
catch or equivalent for the purpose of locking such arm to the crank or pins, and
preventing it from swinging and dropping downward when not in use or as herein-
before described or illustrated in Figures 16 and 17 of the drawings, or the like
substantially.
12. The combination with a pedal frame its pins or the crank of a locking ring
or equivalent and a locking catch or equivalent for the purposes herein before
stated and in Figs. 19 to 25 of the drawings illustrated or the like substantially.
13. Constructing pedals, cranks, locking rings and catches or equivalents as
hereinbefore described or illustrated in Figs. 11 to 25 of the drawings hereto or
the like substantially.
14. The combination with the bearing case of a cycle bottom bracket, or hub, of
a lock secured to such bearing case, through a hole therein such lock having a bolt,
tube or equivalent adapted to engage with slots, tubes, spurs or equivalents secured
to the spindle or to the cone or a collar thereon so that when both are in engagement
the rotation of the spindle is prevented.
15. The combination with the spindle of a cycle bottom bracket, or hub, of a
lock having a tube, or spur, secured to such spindle, or to a collar thereon, or
the cone thereof, and a locking catch, tube, or spur secured to a case, or tube, or
the bearing case of such bracket, or hub, for the purpose of locking the spindle
against rotation.
16. In a cycle, a lock, bolt, pin or tube, secured to the axle, or equivalent, or
secured to the outer bearing case of the bottom bracket or hub through a hole
therein, and adapted and arranged so as to lock a catch, or screw into the other of
them for the purposes herein before described and illustrated in Figs. 26 to 32 of the
drawings or the like substantially.
17. In a cycle securing a lock to the spindle and operating same through a hole
in the outer case, or securing a lock to the outer case through a hole therein, such
hole being also used to put the locking bolt into engagement, with catches or slots
on the spindle for the purposes hereinbefore described or the like substantially.
18. In a cycle the forms and methods of locking the spindles against rotation,
herein before described, and illustrated in Figures 26 to 32 of the drawings or the
like substantially.
19. The combination with a pneumatic tyred wheel of a pump placed between
the spokes clipped thereto or to the hub and adapted to engage against and be
operated by cams on, or an eccentrically armed spindle, rotatably secured to such
spindle or clips and to which, motion is imparted by the impact of a pinion, or
equivalent, thereon against a fixed pinion, or equivalent, secured to the wheel
spindle, or a non-rotary part of the frame or the like substantially, for the
purposes herein described."
20. The means and methods herein described and in Figs. 33 to 39 of the draw-
ings illustrated for attaching and securing a pump to a pneumatic tyred wheel and
of causing the piston thereof to be automatically operated, for the purposes herein-
before described, or the like substantially.
21. In a means for automatically inflating a pneumatic tyred wheel the particular
methods hereinbefore described, or in the drawings set forth, or the like sub-
stantially

page_text: 22. The combination with a cycle frame of the means and methods herein beforé
described and illustrated or in part illustrated in Figs. 40 to 48 of the drawings
for protecting a cycle rider from mud or rain or mud and rain or the like. sub-
stantially.
23. In rain shields for a cycle the construction and arrangement thereof that
bars on which the shielding material is attached to, may be easily detachable or
adjustably folded when not in use by pivoting or hinging same to the clips or bars
by which they are secured to the machine frame and so adapting such bars that
the shielding material may be rolled up by or upon them or the like substantially,
24. For cycles, mud or rain shields of the nature and kind herein before described
& as distinguished from ordinary or well known mud guards, attachable to vars.
which are pivotally secured to the frame of the machine.
Dated this 21st November 1897.
JAMES THOMAS ELLIS,
Applicant.