Braking or Locking Apparatus for Shafts Subject to Axial Pressure.
Year: 1892

page_text: Date of Application, 26th Jan., 1892
Complete Specification Left, 13th May, 1892-Accepted, 18th June, 1892
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Braking or Locking Apparatus for Shafts Subject to Axial
Pressure.
1, REINHOLD THEODOR GUSTAV LUDERS, of 159 Müllerstrasse, Berlin,
Germany, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows: --
This invention relates to a brake apparatus for shafts that are subject to a load
in the direction of their axes and which, while rotating freely in the one direction,
are automatically locked or braked against rotation in the contrary direction, and
can consequently only rotate in such direction on releasing a catch or braking
device.
Fig. 1 of the accompanying drawing shews the improved braking or locking
apparatus in longitudinal section.
Fig. 2 shews a cross section on line y y, while Fig. 3 shews a perspective view of
a detached part of the apparatus.
a and b are respectively the end bearing and end socket for receiving the end of
the axially loaded shaft c which is fixed to the socket by a key.so as to carry the
latter round with it. On the shaft is a loose cone e prevented from shifting longi-
tudinally thereon, over which fits a ring f which is either made as a spring ring like
the packing ring of a piston, or it may be in separate segments as shewn at Fig. 3.
This ring, which in the drawing is shewn divided radially into three parts, is con-
nected in any suitable manner either with the shaft or with the socket b, so as to
rotate therewith; for example, as shewn on the drawing, it may have radial ribs
fitting into radial grooves on the socket.
The bore i of this ring is shaped so as to correspond with the configuration of
the cone e, while its cylindrical periphery k corresponds with the cylindrical bore
of a ring mounted loose on the shaft e but prevented from shifting longitudinally
thereon. The ring b can be prevented from rotating in one direction either by
means of ratchet teeth m formed thereon with which gears a stationary pawl n, or by
any other suitable known ratchet or frictional brake appliance.
C.
If the shaft
which has longitudinal play in its socket b, is loaded in the direction
of its axis, the cone e will be made to expand the ring so as to cause its outer
surface to be pressed against the internal surface of the ring with sufficient
frictional force to prevent the shaft from being rotated by a force applied to it in
that direction in which the ring is prevented from rotating by the pawl and ratchet
teeth, so that the shaft can only be rotated in that direction when the pawl is thrown
out of gear with the ratchet teeth, or, if a frictional ratchet or brake is employed,
On the other hand
when such frictional resistance is reduced to a sufficient extent.
the shaft is always free to turn in the contrary direction.
The construction shewn in Figs. 1, 2 and 3 may be modified in such manner that
the divided ring fis pressed inwards instead of outwards, in which case the cone e is
formed hollow instead of solid, and the frictional surface k of the divided ring is an
internal cylindrical surface bearing upon the external surface of the ratchet ring 1,
as shewn at Fig. 4.
Dated this 26th day of January 1892.
ABEL & IMKAI,
Agents for the Applicant.

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Braking or Locking Apparatus for Shafts Subject to Axial
Pressure.
I, REINHOLD THEODOR GUSTAV LUDERS of 159 Millerstrasse, Berlin,
Germany, Engineer do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement:-
This invention relates to a brake apparatus for shafts that are subject to a load
in the direction of their axes and which, while rotating freely in the one direction,
are automatically locked or braked against rotation in the contrary direction, and
can consequently only rotate in such direction on releasing a catch or braking
device.
'
Fig. 1 of the accompanying drawing shews the improved braking or locking
apparatus in longitudinal section.
Fig. 2 shews a cross section on line yy, while Fig. 3 shows a perspective view of
a detached part of the apparatus.
a and are respectively the end bearing and end socket for receiving the end of
the axially loaded shaft c which is fixed to the socket by a key so as to carry the
latter round with it. On the shaft is a loose cone e prevented from shifting longi-
tudinally thereou, over which fits a ring which is either made as a spring ring like
the packing ring of a piston, or it may be in separate segments as shewn at Fig. 3.
This ring, which in the drawing is shown divided radially into three parts, is con-
nected in any suitable manner either with the shaft or with the socket b, so as to
rotate therewith; for example, as shewn on the drawing, it may have radial ribs
fitting into radial grooves on the socket.
The bore of this ring is shaped so as to correspond with the configuration of
the cone e, while its cylindrical periphery & corresponds with the cylindrical bore
of a ring mounted loose on the shaft 'e but prevented from shifting longitudinally
thereon. The ring can be prevented from rotating in one direction either by
means of ratchet teeth m formed thereon with which gears a stationary pawl n, or
by any other suitable known ratchet or frictional brake appliance.
If the shaft c, which has longitudinal play in its socket b, is loaded in the direction
of its axis, the cone e will be made to expand the ring so as to cause its outer
surface to be pressed against the internal surface of the ring with sufficient
frictional force to prevent the shaft from being rotated by a force applied to it in
that direction in which the ring is prevented from rotating by the pawl and
ratchet teeth, so that the shaft can only be rotated in that direction when the pawl
is thrown out of gear with the ratchet teeth, or, if a frictional ratchet or brake is
employed, when such frictional resistance is reduced to a sufficient extent. On the
other hand, the shaft is always free to turn in the contrary direction.
The construction shewn in Figs. 1, 2 and 3 may be modified in such manner that
the divided ring fis pressed inwards instead of outwards, in which case the cone e is
formed hollow instead of solid, and the frictional surface k of the divided ring is an
internal cylindrical surface bearing upon the external surface of the ratchet ring 1,
as shewn at Fig. 4.
A further modification of the said brake apparatus consists in dispensing with
the locking device consisting of the pawl n and the ratchet teeth m and forming the
ring as the boss of a belt pulley, spur wheel or the like, so that the brake apparatus
serves as a frictional coupling as shewn at Fig. 5. For this purpose the collar r on
the shaft c behind the cone e is shifted backward on the shaft, so that the cone e can
be moved backwards and forwards on the shaft so as to be put in and out of gear
with the piece by means of a lever o having a ring or fork p engaging with the
cylindrical collar of the cone. The end bearing b of the previous arrangements is
in this case formed into an abutment disc which is fixed to the shaft by a setting
C

page_text: screw. For preventing the divided friction ring f from being forced outward by
centrifugal force against the internal periphery of the boss when the cone e is out
of gear and thus operate as a brake, a split spring ring t may be inserted into a
groove thereof, so as to draw together the parts of the ring when the cone e has
been withdrawn.
The frictional coupling thus formed may also be used for connecting two lengths
of shafting, the division of the two lengths being situated in line with the meeting
faces of the disc band the cone e the latter being in this case made to slide longi-
tudinally with a feather and groove on the one length of shafting so as to be carried
round thereby.
In order to keep the coupling in gear during working it is advisable to provide
on the shaft ca helical spring 7, bearing at one end against the collar s fixed on the
shaft; and with the other end against the end face of the cone e, so as to keep this
in gear with the divided ring f.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
C
1. A braking or locking apparatus for shafts subject to axial pressure, wherein a
cone e rotatable but not longitudinally shiftable upon the shaft c is made to engage
with a radially expausible ring so as to cause this to press with its onter surface
against the internal surface of a ratchet or braking ring 1, loose on the shaft but
rotatable in one direction only, so that the shaft is thereby prevented from rotating
in the opposite direction, unless the ratchet or braking device of the ring / is thrown
out of gear, substantially as described.
2. The modified construction of the braking or locking apparatus referred to in
the preceding claim, in which a hollow cone e is caused by the axial pressure on the
shaft to engage with the coned part of a divided ring capable of being contracted
so that the latter is made to press with an internal surface k upon the external
surface of a brake or ratchet ring 7 that permits the rotation of the shaft in one
direction but prevents the rotation in the contrary direction in the manner set
forth in the first claim.
3. The modified construction of the brake apparatus referred to in the preceding
claims, whereby it is made to serve alg a frictional coupling substantially as
described.
Dated this 13th day of May 1892
ABEL & IMRAY,
Agents for the Applicant.