IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR HEATING LIQUIDS
Year: 1884

page_text: I, WILLIAM LLOYD WISE, of N° 46 Lincoln's Inn Fields in the County of
Middlesex, Consulting Engineer and Patent Agent do hereby declare the nature of
said invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR HEATING LIQUIDS" (a com-
munication to me from abroad by Theodorus Abraham de Koster, of 32 Ferdinand
Bolstraat, Amsterdam, Holland, Gas and Water Engineer,) to be as follows:-
According to this invention water and other liquids are heated partly by direct
contact with hot products of combustion and partly by contact with hot surfaces.
To this end the liquid is passed through an apparatus enclosed within a case or
chamber of copper or other suitable metal or material. It enters at the upper part
by a pipe controlled by a valve or cock, and passes downwards becoming heated as
it proceeds. It is first received in a small annular reservoir with a perforated
bottom.
At the inner circumference of this reservoir there are fixed a number of pieces of
wire of suitable metal, such as brass, whose office it is to conduct and deliver the
water in fine streams on to a plate below. This plate, for which tinned copper is
a suitable material is of conical form with the apex upwards. It is suspended in
any convenient manner, as for instance, by hooks and eyes. The diameter of this
plate is less than that of the external case or chamber, and it is furnished with a
number of bent or elbow shaped wires pointing downwards. These deliver the
liquid flowing over the conical plate in fine streams on to a second conical plate or
sheet arranged with the apex downwards. At the centre of this plate or sheet
there is a round hole edged with bent or elbow shaped wires which deliver the
liquid again in fine streams on to a third plate or sheet. This third sheet is also
conical or conoidal with the apex pointing upward. It is of smaller diameter than
the case or chamber, and is free from perforations. The liquid falling on to it,
flows from its edges along bent wires and falls into an annular reservoir, of which
the external wall is formed of the case or chamber and the inner wall of a truncated
inetal cone.
From this reservoir there is an outlet pipe so situated that the
reservoir is never emptied. This is to prevent the apparatus being damaged if the
ID 31

page_text: heat be applied before the liquid is turned on. A small portion of the liquid runs
down the case or chamber to keep it cool. It can be clothed externally with non-
conducting material if desired.
A convenient source of heat is one or more gas flames placed within the annular
reservoir at the bottom of the apparatus.
.
The hot products of combustion pass under and around the bottom plate, over its
upper surface through the centre of the second plate, and around the edge of the
first or upper plate passing backwards and forwards through the streams of falling
liquid. When they reach the annular reservoir at the top, part of them passes up
through the centre through a pipe which emerges into the external air, and part
passes through a number of air pipes at the outer periphery of the reservoir, and
escape through perforations.
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There are also pipes at the inner periphery of the top reservoir.
On the outside of the apparatus there is a small gas burner to show the height of
the flames inside. The gas cock (when gas is used) may be turned by a special key
to prevent unauthorised use.
The accompanying drawing is appended by way of illustration. It is an elevation
partly in vertical section-A is the outer case. B the liquid supply pipe-C. the
upper annular reservoir-D wires-E and F tubes. G first plate. Hits wires.
1 the second plate: K its wires L. the third plate; M its wires:-N the lower
annular reservoir; O the truncated cone P the outlet pipe.
Dated this 1st day of Avonot 1001.

page_text: I, WILLIAM LLOYD WISE, of N° 46 Lincoln's Inn Fields in the County of Middlesex,
Consulting Engineer and Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of said
invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR HEATING LIQUIDS" (a communi-
cation to ine from abroad by Theodorus Abraham de Koster, of 32 Ferdinand
Bolstraat, Amsterdam, Holland, Gas and Water Engineer) and in what manner the
same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement :—
According to this invention water and other liquids are heated partly by direct
contact with hot products of combustion and partly by contact with hot surfaces.
To this end the liquid is passed through an apparatus enclosed within a case or
chamber of copper or other suitable metal or material. It enters at the upper part
by a pipe controlled by a valve or cock and passes downwards becoming heated
as it proceeds. It is first received in a small annular reservoir with a perforated
bottom.
EL
At the inner circumference of this reservoir there are fixed a number of pieces of
wire of suitable metal such as brass, whose office it is to conduct, and deliver the
water in fine streams on to a plate below. This plate for which tinned copper
suitable material is of conical form with the apex upwards. It is suspended in any
convenient manner, as for instance, by hooks and eyes. The diameter of this plate
is less than that of the external case or chamber, and it is furnished with a number
of bent or elbow shaped wires pointing downwards. These deliver the liquid
flowing over the conical plate in fine streams on to a second conical plate or sheet
arranged with the apex downwards. At the centre of this plate or sheet there is a
round hole edged with bent or elbow shaped wires which deliver the liquid again
in fine streams on to a third plate or sheet. This third sheet is also conical or
conoidal with the apex pointing upward. It is of smaller diameter than the case
or chamber, and is free from perforations. The liquid falling on to it, flows from its
edges along bent wires and falls into an annular reservoir, of which the external
wall is formed of the case or chamber and the inner wall of a truncated metal
cone. From this reservoir there is an outlet pipe so situated that the reservoir is
never emptied. This is to prevent the apparatus being damaged if the heat be
applied before the liquid is turned on. A small portion of the liquid runs down
the case or chamber to keep it cool. It can be clothed externally with non-
conducting material if desired.
A convenient source of heat is one or more gas flames placed within the annular
reservoir at the bottom of the apparatus.
On the outside of the apparatus there is a small gas burner to show the height
and nature of the flame inside. The gas cock (when gas is used) may be turned
by a special key to prevent unauthorised use.
In the accompanying sheet of illustrative drawings Fig 1 is an elevation of
apparatus according to my invention and Fig 2 is a vertical section of the
same. Fig 3 is a horizontal section to an enlarged scale of the apparatus on the
line . x Fig 2.
a is the outer metal chamber or case of the apparatus provided with a removable
cover a in which are formed perforations a² near its circumference for the escape of
a portion of the heated gases and products of combustion, and a central aperture a³
for the escape of the remainder of such gases and products of combustion. bis the
liquid supply pipe provided with a cock or valve b* just above another opening b
in the cover a, and 63 is a perforated chamber or basket (which may be employed

page_text: or not) secured to the under surface of the cover a¹ in any convenient manner as
for instance by rivetting or soldering, into which the liquid from the pipe b first
enters, then the liquid leaves 62 in, the forin of a series of fine streams or jets. c is
the annular reservoir with a perforated bottom c¹ into which the fine streams or jets,
of liquid from the chamber 6 enter; e is a pipe or uptake to the central aperture a³.
The annular reservoir c is also provided with a series of pipes f arranged at or
near its periphery and with other pipes f¹ arranged near its inner circumference.
The pipes serve to prevent the overflow of liquid from the annular reservoir c
Through these pipes f. f¹ part of the products of combustion also oscape. d. d
are a number of pieces of wire fixed at the inner circumference of the annular
reservoir c and serving to conduct and deliver the liquid or a portion of it in fine
streams on to the central perforated portion g¹ see Fig 20 of the conical plate g.
below.
This plate which is of smaller diameter than the external case or chamber a
is supported in the latter by means of hooks g³ and eyes g³ (see Fig 2a) h. h are a
number of bent or elbow shaped wires pointing downward, their upper end
portions are secured to the plate g by soldering or otherwise. In connection with
the plate they form a series of narrow grooves or channels for the passage of fine
streams of liquid which flowing away by the lower portions h* of the wires h fall
mainly on the second conical plate i arranged with its surface slanting inwards and
downwards. A portion of the liquid however flows down the inner surface of the case
or chamber a abstracting heat therefrom and preventing its temperature beco ning
too high; this portion of the liquid flows through angular notches 2* (see Fig. 2b)
formed in the outer circumference of the plate i and between it and the case
h, h¹ are wires secured to the
or chamber a into the annular reservoir n below.
under surface of the central perforated portion of the plate g, they serve to conduct
liquid downward so that it may flow through the hole or opening i¹ in the plate i.
k, kare wires arranged around the hole formed in the centre of the plate i the
upper portions of the wires being secured to the upper surface of the plate i and
forming therewith, grooves or channels through and over which the descending
liquid passes;
it proceeds in fine streams by the wires on to the conical or
conoidal plate beneath, the surface of which slants outward and downward. This
plate which is smaller in diameter than the case or chamber a and free from
perforations is provided with a central recessed portion and with bent wires m
secured to its upper surface; their lower ends m* depending downward as shown
so that liquid flowing off thereby shall fall into the annular reservoir n beneath.
I would remark that in lieu of wires h, h' k, m, narrow strips of metal may be
used. The exterior wall of the reservoir n is formed by the case or chamber a and
the inner wall of a truncated metal cone o. p is an outlet pipe for hot liquid so
situated that the reservoir is never emptied, whilst the recessed portion of the
plate always remains full of liquid thus ensuring that the apparatus shall not be
damaged if the heat be applied before the liquid is turned on, a gas burner arranged
at or near the base of the apparatus is formed of a main piper and a number of
metal pipes provided with a series of apertures q¹ in their upper surfaces through
which gas may escape and burn. 7 is the gas supply pipe provided with a valve o
cock and handle 2 which may be locked to the case or chamber a by means of a
lock or other device securing one end of the handle 2 to the locking piece pivotted
8 is a curved pipe or jet piece provided
on the case or chamber a or support a¹.
with a cock or valve s¹ and in communication with the gas supply pipe r through
If the cock or valve s
the cock or valve 1, a2 is a hole in the case or chamber a.
be opened and the gas issuing from the pipe & be ignited, then by pulling th
handle forward the valve or cock will be opened, the pipe s'caused to partiall
enter the hole a² and the jets of gas issuing from the pipes ignited. By suitably
regulating the gas supply the production of a smoky flaine and consequent deposition
of soot in the liquid, may be prevented. t is the gas burner on the outside of th
case or chamber a as hereinbefore mentioned, it is connected to one end of the ga
main nine 2º.
'

page_text: The burner t serves as an indicator of or guide to the character of the combustion
of gas taking place at the gas burner at the base of the apparatus. Above the.
burner t is a metal plate t that may be of copper, secured to the external surface of
the case or chamber a. By it the nature of the flame within the apparatus that is
to say whether it is a smoky flame or not can be ascertained, and the supply of gas
regulated accordingly to prevent the formation of soot as hereinbefore stated. u is
a pipe or chamber on the outside of the case or chamber a for the reception of a
thermometer the said pipe or chamber u being in communication at its lower inner
portion with the annular reservoir n so that liquid may enter it, and its temperature
be indicated by the thermometer. vis a plate secured to the bottom portion of the
case or chamber a and provided with sight holes v for viewing the gas burner g.
The action of the apparatus is as follows: Supposing gas issuing from the
burner q to be ignited in the manner herein before described then the heated air
and products of combustion pass through the cone o under and around the bottom
plate, 7 over its upper surface through the centre of the second plate and around
the edge of the first or upper plate g passing backwards and forwards through the
streams of falling liquid, (as indicated by arrows) which becomes rapidly heated
thereby. When the heated air and products of combustion reach the annular
reservoir c near the top of the case or chamber a part of them passes up through
the central pipe e which emerges into the external air, and parts pass through the
air pipes fand f¹ at the outer and inner peripheries respectively of the reservoir c
and escape through the perforations a².
The heated liquid passes (as indicated in Fig 2) downward to the reservoir n and
thence flows out through outlet pipe p to any desired place. The temperature of
the heated liquid obtained as indicated by the thermometer may be regulated at
will by suitably regulating the gas supply by the valve or cock and handle 72.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is:-
1. In apparatus for heating liquid the use of conical or conoidal plates provided
with guides such as wires to guide the descent of liquid within the apparatus the
arrangement being such that heated gases or products of combustion ascending
within the apparatus shall be caused to traverse the descending streams of liquid
substantially as herein before described for the purposes specified.
2. In an apparatus such as referred to in claim 1 the use of the gas burning
appliance with an indicator burner external to the casing the arrangement being
such as to give an external indication of the state of the heating flame within
the apparatus for the time being so as to enable it to be regulated or controlled
substantially as described.
3. The apparatus for heating liquids, constructed, arranged, and operating
substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to and shown in the
drawings.
W. LLOYD WISE,
Applicant's Agent.