MACHINELY OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED FOR MANUFACTURING OR MAKING BOOTS AND SHOES. OR OTHER COVERINGS FOR THE FEET
Year: 1856

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Julian Bernard, of the Albany, Piccadilly, in the
IMPROVEMENT3
County of Middlesex, Gentleman, for the Invention of
IN MACHINELY OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED FOR MANUFACTURING OR MAKING
BOOTS AND SHOES. OR OTHER COVERINGS FOR THE FEET."
Sealed the 23rd September 1856, and dated the 5th April 1856.
PROVISIONAL
SPECIFICATION
left by the said Julian Bernard at the
Patents, with his Petition,
the
Office of the Commissioners of
5th April 1856.
I, JULIAN BERNARD, cf the Albany, Piccadilly, in the County of Middlesex,
Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE
MENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED FOR MANUFACTURING OR MAKING
BOOTS AND SHOES, OR OTHER COVERINGS FOR THE FEET," to be as follows:-
My said Invention relates, first, to a novel and improved mode of. obtaining
and performing the various differential and intermittent movements or motions
necessary for presenting the boot or shoe sole at the proper or any desired
angle or distance to the piercing instrument or the fastenings to be inserted.
and which may be employed in connection or geared with any further or
suitable mechanism or parts for inserting the fastenings into the boot or shoe
sole; but more especially adapted to the pegging or fastening machine, described
in the Specification of my Patent, of the Second of October, One thousand
eight hundred and fifty-five; and my improved mode of obtaining the said
differential motions consists of the following mechanical arrangements:-
Price 8d.1

page_text: The boot or shoe, which is placed or secured in a moveable frame or holder,
and screwed firmly therein by a balanced screw clamp, is placed in a semi-
circular or hemispherical holder, which is free to move in or within another
holder, also moving in a third one; this third forms the seat, in which the
second moves, and is free to move lengthwise upon a sliding frame, which frame
has a lateral sliding motion upon the framing of the machine. By this com-
bination of slides or holders the various angles and other motions are obtained,
with the exception of the rising or vertical motion, which will be herein-after
described; the various slides and holders referred to being all placed upon a
common framing, are actuated by means of screws passing through nuts, con-
nected directly or indirectly to the hemispherical holders and to the slides
referred to, for the purpose of transmitting the desired motion. The motion
is imparted to the hemispherical holder, or that containing the boot or shoe, by
means of a stem fixed to or screwed into its bottom part, the bottom of the
second and third holder being cut away for its passage and free action. This
stem passes through and works in a spherical joint, which joint is fixed to a
slide, such having secured to it a nut or screw box, and through which a screw
is made to pass; the frame carrying the last-mentioned holders or slides has a
lateral motion in grooves fixed to or in the framing of the machine in which it
moves; it has also a nut screw box fixed to it, through which a screw passes,
which, together with the last-named screw, impart the breadth and length
angle motions to the boot or shoe through the semicircular holders, already
referred to The length and breadth travel, or motions, are imparted to the
length and breadth travel slides also by screws passing through nuts, which
latter are immediately connected to the said slides. On the end of these
screws are placed wheels with a double set of teeth cut in contrary directions,
and beneath, or in any convenient position at right angles to each of these
screws, is placed and secured to the framing of the machine a bracket, in which
is placed a cross-headed or moveable piece of iron, and which I term a "carrier."
This carrier is made to slide in the bracket or brackets referred to by means of
a lifting bar which slides in the framing of the machine, the lifting motion
being imparted to it by means of a cam at every revolution of the machine.
The cam is placed on a horizontal shaft, supported in bearings in the framing
of the machine, and is connected by gearing to the mechanism employed
for piercing the boot or shoe, and making and inserting the fastenings.
The carrier carries two links on bearers, one at each end of the cross head;
these links are connected free to two levers or arms, which are free to move
upon the bosses of the toothed wheels, and which forms the centre on which
they move; on the other ends of said levers are placed clicks or ratchets, for

page_text: the purpose of imparting a right or left motion to the screw through the
toothed wheel, for the purpose already described. As the motions differ,
and consequently the number of teeth taken at each stroke, and the direc-
tion in which they are moved, the cross-headed carrier referred to carries
a projecting strip of metal, and which I term a "stop; " this stop when
the "carrier" is descending comes in contact at any desired elevation with
one of a series of pins or stops at each stroke of the machine, and which
pins are partially inserted at variable distances from the centres of circum-
ferential plates, which I term "design discs; " a toothed ratchet being secured
to the disc, it is moved a tooth at each revolution of the machine, which brings
a different pin underneath the "stop," and it is the distance this pin or stop is
placed from the centre of the disc that regulates the travelling action of the
screw or screws.
There are also a series of pins fixed in the outer edge of the "design discs,"
and which are for the purpose of determining the direction in which the motion
is to be imparted, by their coming in contact with a spring lever placed upon a
centre near the edge of the "disc;" the spring lever is connected by a cross
bar or link to clicks or ratchets which may actuate the toothed wheels, through
which motion is imparted to the screws; the action of the pins upon the spring
levers has the effect of throwing either of the clicks or ratchets in or out of gear,
so that a backward or forward motion may be obtained, as desired. A "design
disc," and a similar arrangement to that immediately described in connection
with it, is required for actuating each of the screws, and the lifting bar, already
referred to, imparts the necessary intermittent motions by acting upon the
ratchet or toothed wheel, which has been herein-before referred to as being
bolted to or secured to the " design disc." To prevent back lash upon the
screws, I make the nuts or boxes in halves or parts, and cast them upon a
screw of the same pitch, but somewhat larger in diameter than those used in
the construction of the machine, so that by this arrangement they can be
tightened upon the screws, which will have the effect of preventing "back
lash." The vertical motion necessary for presenting the sole at the proper
distance from the piercing or inserting mechanism is imparted to the framing
containing the arrangements already described by means of a crown or other
cam, the framing being balanced upon levers placed on proper centres in a bed
plate upon which the machine is erected by means of weights, a feather being
placed upon or in the shaft upon which the gearing wheels slide up and down.
On the bed plate is also erected a framing for supporting at the proper
elevation the mechanism for piercing, inserting, and making the fastenings,
which is connected to this by suitable gearing, and which forms the subject of

page_text: Royal Letters Patent granted to me on the Second day of October, One
thousand eight hundred and fifty-five.
Another part of my Invention consists of a machine which I connect to the
pegging machine, illustrated in my Specification, filed on the Second day of
April, One thousand eight hundred and fifty-six, and which is for the purpose
(in connection with said pegging or inserting machine) of attaching the heel
to a boot or shoe. The machine consists of a framing for supporting the
66
pegging machine," and carrying the following parts:-Underneath the
inserting point of the machine there is a plate on a centre with one or more
openings, similar to a heel, but smaller in size than that to be secured to the
boot, below which opening the boot or shoe is placed bottom upwards upon a
compound sliding bracket with the heel upon it, and pressed upwards towards
the plate by means of a rack, pinion, and crank, or other convenient arrange-
ment. The plate and parts carrying the shoe is free to move upon a bracket
or support, through which passes the end of a shaft, to which the plate and
shoe holder or support is connected. The shaft passes through a moveable
centre, while the other end is inserted into a grooved "cam or template,"
which is similar in design to the heel; through the centres of this "design
template" is passed a stud, which has fixed upon its upper end a forked cross
head containing a spring to press out the rod in which the end of the shaft is
inserted. On the lower end is fixed a ratchet wheel, and to which motion is
imparted, by means of an incline placed upon the spur wheel, by actuating a
lever placed upon a centre on the bed plate; this lever carries on its other end
a click or ratchet for actuating the ratchet wheel already referred to. It will
be evident that the "forked cross head" and ratchet wheel being keyed fast
upon the stud, the forked cross head will travel the end of the shaft round in
the "template" as the ratchet wheel is moved; the result will be, the shaft
being placed in a universal centre, that the parts connected to the upper end
of the shaft will describe the same outline as the template; and by elevating
or lowering the joint or centre in which the shaft is placed the design can be
diminished or enlarged at pleasure. When a sufficient number of fastenings
has been inserted in the heel, which is represented numerically by the teeth in
the ratchet, arrangements are provided for throwing the machine out of gear.
When the edge of the soles are to be pared or reduced by means of a cutter,
I also employ a fence somewhat in principle to that above referred to, and place
the cutter upon a spindle, against or opposite which the fence may be placed
with a sliding action or an eccentric. The fence may be circular or segmental,
and the bracket for holding such an arrangement may be secured to the
framing for carrying the spindle; and in some cases I propose to pare the boot

page_text: frame.
Other parts of my Invention relate to improvements upon the pegging
portion of the machine, patented as aforesaid, and relate to an improved feeding
motion, consisting of two rollers, through which the leather or cord is made to
pass. These rollers are regulated so as to press upon the leather by means of
a screw and spring, which has the effect of feeding the material into the dies
or presses with greater regularity and certainty, and of any desired length. I
also connect a toothed wheel to one of the rollers, and also a slotted lever, for
the purpose of making the peg or fastening shorter or longer, as desired. I
also employ a cam for regulating the length or obtaining a differential length
of peg.
+
Another portion of my said improvements relates to an arrangement for
obtaining a differential insertion of the piercer, which I perform by means of
an eccentric slide and lever actuated by a cam; also, to making the piercer
and hammer moveable in their rods or holders; also, applying adjustable
nuts to said rods; and also to an improved mode of applying the glue to the
fastenings, and simultaneous with the insertion of the peg, and using glue
with or in combination with charged pegs, &c.
Another part of my Invention relates to an improved machine, and mode
of obtaining the design of the heel of a boot or shoc, so as to pare or reduce it
to the proper size, and which I effect by placing over or below the cutter a
guard or fence, which I regulate or adjust by an eccentric; the "fence" or
guard" protects the upper of the boot or shoe from being cut or injured. I
also adjust and secure the boot or shoe with great nicely while undergoing the
operation of paring in a novel manner, which I perform in part by means of
slides, screws, and eccentric.
<
Another part of my Invention relates to and consists of a novel mode of
cutting or paring that portion of the heel which is placed over the solc, and
extending from one side of the "waist" to the other. To effect this operation,
the boot or shoe is placed upon centres in a rocking frame or cradle, which is
also placed upon centres upon the the framing of the machine, opposite the part
to be cut there is placed upon a spindle or shaft in proper bearings a disc knife,
which has a revolving motion imparted to it by means of a drum placed and
secured upon the same spindle. On the side next the toe of the knife is placed
a "fence," for the purpose of regulating the cut, which is adjustable; a weight
or spring holds the "cradle with the boot or shoe to the cutter, while, by the
central motion, already referred to, it can be turned round until the operation
is completed.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Julian Bernard in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
4th October 1856.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JULIAN
BERNARD, of the Albany, Piccadilly, in the County of Middlesex, Gentleman,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Fifth day of April, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and fifty-six, in the nineteenth year of Her reign,
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said
Julian Bernard, Her special license that I, the said Julian Bernard, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Julian
Bernard, my executors, administrators, or assigns, should at any time agree
with and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during
the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise,
and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain, and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED FOR MANUFACTURING OR MAKING BOOTS AND
SHOES, OR OTHER COVERINGS FOR THE FEET, upon the condition (amongst others)
that I, the said Julian Bernard, by an instrument in writing under my hand
and seal, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause
the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Julian Bernard, do hereby declare the
nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed,
to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement,
reference being had to the accompanying Drawings, and to the letters and
figures marked thereon, that is to say:-
My said Invention relates, firstly, to an improved construction and arrange-
ment of mechanism and apparatus for obtaining and performing the various
angular and traversing movements requisite for presenting the sole of a boot
or shoe in a suitable position for receiving pegs or other similar fastenings,
when such pegs or fastenings are inserted by machinery, and for firmly holding
the boot or shoe whilst undergoing the process of pegging.
Secondly, to certain improved modes of paring or reducing the soles and
heels of boots or shoes at their curved edges, so as to obtain the design or shape
and size required.

page_text: Thirdly, to an improved construction and arrangement of mechanism for
obtaining and performing the various traversing movements requisite for pre-
senting the heel of a boot or shoe in a suitable position for receiving pegs or
other similar fastenings for attaching or securing the heel to the sole, when
such pegs or other fastenings are inserted by machinery.
Fourthly, to an improved construction and arrangement of mechanism for
feeding or supplying the strip of material of which the pegs or fastenings are
composed, (when such material is composed of leather or any other flexible
substance,) to any suitable mechanism employed for inserting pegs in the
.soles and heels of boots and shoes.
Fifthly, to an improved mode of paring that edge of the heels of boots or
shoes which extends across the waist.
Sixthly, to an improved arrangement and construction of the hammer and
piercer employed in the process of pegging the soles and heels of boots and
shoes.
!
Seventhly, to the use of glue or other cement capable of resisting the solving
power of water, when such glue is applied to pegs or fastenings which have
been previously charged with similar cement, such second application of
the cement taking place previous to the insertion of the said pegs into the
sole.
Eighthly to a mode of applying glue to the pegs or fastenings of the soles
and heels of boots and shoes during the time the pegs or fastenings are being
inserted therein.
And in order that my said Invention may be fully understood, I shall now
proceed more particularly to describe the same, and for that purpose I shall
refer to the several Figures on the Sheets of Drawings hereunto annexed, the
same letters of reference indicating corresponding parts throughout all the
corresponding Figures.
Fig. 1, on Sheet 1 of my Drawings, represents an elevation of one side of
my machine, for performing the various angular and traversing movements
requisite for presenting the sole of a boot or shoe in a suitable position for
receiving pegs or other similar fastenings, when such pegs or fastenings are
inserted by machinery. Figure 2, on Sheet 2, is an elevation of the opposite
side of the machine to that shewn on Sheet 1; Figure 3, on Sheet 3, is a front
elevation of the same; Figure 4, on Sheet 4, is a longitudinal vertical section
of the machine; Fig. 5, on Sheet 5, is a sectional plan of the machine, taken
along the line 1, 2, in Figure 1; Figure 6, on Sheet 6, is a plan of the upper
slides detached; and Figures 7, 8, and 9 represent respectively a back eleva-
tion and corresponding plan and side view of the mechanism I employ for im-

page_text: ments to DC SITES WICH WHICH the DOUT
or shoe is connected.
The boot or shoe A to be pegged is placed or secured in a moveable frame
or holder B shewn in longitudinal section and elevation and plan in Figures
1, 2, and 3, respectively on Sheet 1 of my Drawings.
This frame is perfectly open on the under side, but is partially closed on the
upper side by the plate B', which has an opening in it corresponding to the
shape of the sole, but rather smaller, so that its edges may overlap slightly
the edges of the sole. The boot or shoe, with the last inside, is placed in this
frame with the sole uppermost, and is clamped firmly therein by means of the
balance clamps C', which rests upon the front and back parts of the shoc, and
is pressed thereon by the screw D¹. This screw works through the strong
cross bar E', which has a spindle F at each end, such spindles being formed
with a head at G', and slipped into slots made in the two side lugs H',
cast on the frame B. It will thus be obvious, that by tightening the
screw D' the shoe will be held firmly pressed against the overlapping edges
of the plate B'. The frame B, with the boot or shoe fixed in it, is now
secured in the holder C, by sliding home its two end lugs I underneath
the lips J, J, on the holder, a spring .catch K' attached to the holder
allowing the lugs I to pass on entering, but serving as a stop to prevent
their return when they have been driven home, and must be pushed back
before the shoe frame can be removed again. The boot or shoe is thus
firmly secured in the hemispherical holder C, and is ready to receive the
pegs or fastenings.
The hemispherical holder C has a circular or partial spherical motion in one
direction within the second holder D, such motion serving to raise or depress,
as the case may be, the heel or toc of the boot or shoe. The first holder C
has a groove E cut across its outer surface in the direction of its motion, which
groove works on a corresponding feather, cast on the inner side of the 2nd
holder D. This second hemispherical holder works in the third holder or slide
F, and has a circular or partial spherical motion therein in one direction only,
a feather being fitted upon its outer surface, which works in a corresponding
groove F, made inside the holder or slide F, the direction of this groove
being at right angles to the groove in the first holder C, so that the partial
spherical motion of the second holder D will be transversely or at right angles
to that of the first holder C, and serves to raise or depress one or other of the
edges of the boot or shoe sole, the two combined holders C and D being thus
free to have a universal or ball and socket motion imparted to them, which is
effected in the manner I shall herein-after fully describe. The holder or slide

page_text: F is not free to move in a circular or spherical direction, but has a horizontal
lengthway sliding motion imparted to it, as herein-after described, in the direc-
tion of the length of the sole along the sliding frame G, which frame has a
lateral sliding motion imparted to it, as herein-after described, in a direction
at right angles to that of the slide F, namely, across the breadth of the sole.
These two sets of movements, with a rising or vertical movement herein-after
described, of the main framing H, carrying the describing mechanism, serve
to present the sole at any desired angle to position with, and distance under-
neath, the pegging mechanism. The requisite angular positions being obtained
from the combined movements of the two hemispherical holders, the traver-
sing motion of the sole, (either longitudinally or transversely, after each inser-
tion of a peg or fastening, in readiness for a succeeding one,) is obtained from
the combined horizontal slides F and G, and the rising motion is derived, as
I shall hereafter explain, from the vertical movement of the framing H. The
hemispherical holders C and D and the slides F and G are all carried on the
framing H, and are severally acted upon to produce the movements required
by screw spindles working through nuts, such screw spindles being each
actuated by a peculiar arrangement of mechanism, which I term "describing
or design mechanism," and which I shall herein-after full explain.
The re-
quired motion is imparted to the spherical holders C and D through the stem I,
which is secured to the bottom of the inner holder C, the bottom of the second
holder D, and the third holder or slide F, being cut away considerably to admit
of the stem I having free play in any desired direction. The lower end of
this stem works in a universal or ball and socket joint at K, carried by the
horizontal slide L, which, by its motion in the direction of the length of the
sole, causes the holder C to assume an angular position, thereby depressing
one end of the sole and elevating the other. The motion of this slide L is
derived from the screw spindle M, and nut or screw-box N, fixed on the slide.
The slide L works in a lateral slide O, which moves transversely to or at slight
angles with the slide L, along suitable guides on the framing H. This slide O
causes the sole to be angled breadthwise, since it has the effect of turning the
holder D in its seat F, the holder C which carries the stem I being connected
with the holder D by the groove and feather E. The motion of the last-men-
tioned slide O is obtained from the screw spindle P, working through a fixed
nut or screw box on the under side of the slide. R and S are the two screw
spindles, which actuate, (by means of fixed nuts or screw boxes,) the respective
slides F and G, on which the nuts are formed.
I shall now proceed to describe the "design mechanism," which imparts
the requisite deferential movements to the two screw spindles M and P for

page_text: сле апыте постове, апи
motions.
SULCIY
Spares and
TOT G
1
As the "describing or design mechanism" for each screw spindle is the same,
I shall merely describe one of them. Upon the outer end of the screw
spindle to be actuated is fitted a double ratchet wheel V (see Figures 7, 8, and
9 on Sheet 6 of my Drawings), having two sets of teeth formed thercon in
reverse directions, one set enabling the screw to be turned forward, and the
other set causing it to be turned backwards. In each of these sets of ratchet
teeth works one of the two palls W, W', carried by arms W working on the
boss of the ratchet wheel, which arms are connected at their free ends by
the links W³ to the T-shaped carrier X; this carrier slides vertically in a
dovetailed groove in the bracket Y connected with the framing H, and is fitted
with a pin Z, which is acted upon by the lifter bar a. The lifter bars are all
connected to the vertical slide b, Figure 5, Sheet 5, which is caused to rise
and fall by means of the cam c keyed on to the shaft d. This cam has a
suitably shaped groove made on its inner face, in which groove works an
antifriction pulley attached to the slide b, from which it will be obvious that
this slide will rise and fall a certain distance at each revolution of the cam,
thus giving motion to all the lifter bars. c is a "design disc" (see Figures 7, 8,
and 9 on Sheet 6 of the Drawings), working on a stud in a bracket f. The
bracket for carrying the mechanism employed for producing the lengthway
traversing motion of the solc, namely, for actuating the slide F is bolted to
the horizontal or breadthway slide G. The bracket f' for the mechanism
which actuates the breadthway slide G, is attached to the rising frame H. The
bracket for the mechanism which actuates the slide L of the angular
motion is bolted to the breadthway angling slide O, and the bracket for
the mechanism which actuates this last-mentioned slide O is fitted to the rising
frame H. The face of the design disc e is marked with radiating lines, the
distance between cach line representing the amount of movement of the disc
at each stroke; this motion is obtained from the pall and ratchet wheel h,
connected with the design disc, the pall being worked one tooth forward at
each rise of the tail of the lifter bar a, a spring detent k serving to steady
the disc after each movement, and keep the teeth of the ratchet wheel hard.
up against the click 1. As the motions required are deferential in direction
and extent, the number of teeth taken at each stroke vary, and are regulated
accordingly. The T-shaped carrier is furnished with a tail or stop piece m;
this stop, when the carrier is descending, comes in contact at any desired
elevation with one of a series of stop pins n, inserted into and projecting out
from the face of the design disc e.. These pins are arranged in any desired

page_text: manner, according to the movement required, along the radiating lines on the
disc, so that at each movement of the disc a fresh pin will be brought under
the stop picce m. It is the distance at which the pins are placed from the
centre of the disc that regulates the motion of the ratchet wheel V on the
screw spindle; for example, when the pin is close to the centre, the fall of
the carrier will be greater than when the pin is near its periphery, and there-
fore the pall will take in a greater number of teeth on the wheel V, and at
its next rise will impart a greater movement to the wheel V than if the
carrier had only descended a short distance by the pin n being near its
periphery. The pins o, o, on the circumference of the design disc, serve
to regulate the direction of rotation of the wheel V, by causing one or other of
the palls W or W₁ to come into action. For this purpose, the two palls
W, W, are connected by a wire p in such a manner that they cannot both be
in gear at one time; this wire is connected to the tail g of the reversing catch
r, which works on a centre at s. The nose of this catch is inclined and
recessed to admit of the pins O, O, passing over it during the revolution of the
design disc, but each time that one of these pins comes in contact with the
nose of the catch it pushes it to one side, and produces a corresponding
movement of the tail q in the direction of the arrow, thereby causing the pall
W to be thrown into gear and the pall W₁ out of gear, the reverse motion
taking place when the pin O has passed, for then the catch r is drawn in
again by a spring, and the corresponding backward motion of the tail q
brings the pall W₁ into gear, and throws the pall W out of gear, thereby
reversing the motion of the screw spindle. This reversing may be made to
occur at any desired point by suitably fitting a pin O in the circumference of
the design disc. It will thus be obvious that the pins O are arranged to vary
the direction of or reserve the motion of the screws at any desired time, and
the stop pins n are arranged to vary the amount of such motion in either direc-
tion at each stroke of the carrier. The whole of the actuating screw spindles
are worked in a similar manner. In order to prevent back lash upon the screws,
I make the nuts or boxes in two halves or parts, and cast them in antifriction
or white metal upon a screw of the same pitch, but somewhat larger in
diameter than those used in the machine, so that they may be afterwards
tightened upon the screws, and so prevent back lash. The vertical motion
necessary for presenting the sole at the proper distance below the piercing or
inserting mechanism is imparted to the framing H (which contains the
arrangements of mechanism already described) by the horizontal crown cam t,
The framing H is
working freely on a stud u in the fixed under bed plate v.
supported by the three feet w, w, w, resting upon the outer ends of three radi-

page_text: ating levers x, x, which work on fulcrums at y, y, on the bed plate, whilst their
inner or converging ends are borne down upon by the boss z of the moveable
box or plate I, which plate is weighted to such an extent as to balannce or nearly
balance the entire weight of the frame H, and the whole of the mechanism
carried by it, by which means the strain upon the crown cam will be greatly
reduced. This cam acts upon the pulley of the vertical slide 2, causing such
slide to rise or fall, as the case may be, in its bracket 3, which is bolted to the
upper fixed bed plate 4. Upon the top of the vertical slide 2 rests the free
end of the lever 5, which bears against the under side of the cam shaft d, and
works on a fixed centre in the bracket 6, bolted to the side of the bed plate of
the machine. It will thus be obvious, that as the slide 2 rises and falls so will
the end of the lever 5 rise and fall, and with it the frame H. The requisite
movement is imparted to the crown cam t by means of the crown ratchet
wheel 7, attached to it, such wheel being rotated intermittantly by the pall and
arm 8, connected by a link 9 to the arm 10 of the short rocking shaft 11.
This shaft carries a second arm 12, which is actuated horizontally by the swell
or ridge 13 on the cam 14. As this cam rises and falls with the rest of the
mechanism in the frame H, the ridge must extend the entire radius of the
cam, in order that it may always act upon the arm 12 in whatever position
the frame H may be placed by the crown cam t. As the cam shaft d is thus
caused to rise and fall, the bevel pinion 15, which gears into the wheel 16 on
the cam shaft d, is made to rise and fall along the vertical cam shaft d' of the
pegging mechanism by means of a slot and feather, so that it will always
adjust itself to the height of the shaft d, and remain in gear with the bevel
wheel 16 keyed thereon. Motion is imparted to the boot or shoe actuating
mechanism and to the pegging mechanism from the main driving shaft 17, by
means of the spur pinion 18 gearing into the spur wheel 19 fast on the shaft
20, which shaft carries a bevel wheel 21 at its inner end gearing into a
corresponding wheel 22 fast on the bottom of the vertical cam shaft d' of the
pegging mechanism, which shaft transmits its motion to the cam shaft d of
the boot or shoe actuating mechanism by means of the bevel wheels 15 and 16,
herein-before referred to. The grooved pulley 23 and band 24 are for the pur-
pose of rotating the piercers belonging to the pegging mechanism, which is
described in the Specification of my Patent of the Second day of October, One
thousand eight hundred and fifty-five, such mechanism being carried by the
frame 25. If found desirable, any simple arrangement of self-acting mechan-
ism may be used for enabling the machine to throw itself out of gear after
the completion of the pegging of the boot or shoe sole.
The framing 25 is introduced for the purpose of shewing the position of the

page_text: pegging mechanism, with reference to the machinery for performing the various
differential or intermittant movements necessary for presenting the sole of
the boot or shoe at the proper angle and distance to the piercing instrument
or the fastenings to be inserted.
Figure 10, on Sheet 6 of my Drawings, represents a side elevation of a
combination of rotatory cutter and fence or guard which I employ for paring
or reducing the heels or soles of boots or shoes; Figure 11 is a plan of the
same; and Figure 12 is a detail, which I shall hereafter more fully refer to.
A is a portion of a bed plate or table, upon which are bolted the two bosses
B and C. The boss C serves as a vertical bearing for the cutter shaft D,
which is shewn broken away at the lower portion, whilst its upper extremity,
which projects beyond the top of the boss, carries the rotatory cutter E. This
cutter consists of a metal disc, fitted at its periphery with a number of inclined
knives, the cutting edges of which are slightly curved outwards to produce the
hollow or concave edge of the heel, as shewn in the Drawing, a portion of a
shoe being represented in the act of having its heel pared down. In order to
protect the uppers" from the action of the cutters, I employ a fence or guard
F, which consist of a disc fitted or formed with a central spindle G, which
spindle turns freely in the upper boss or collar bearing H; on the under side
of this bearing H is formed an eccentric boss, which works in a corresponding
opening in the bracket I, shewn in detached plan with the bearing removed
at Figure 12; if desired, a slide may obviously be used in place of the eccentric
boss. A stud on the end of the bracket I is fitted into the boss B, herein-
before referred to, and a set screw K serves to keep it in its place. L is a
spring handle, attached to the bearing H for the purpose of turning it round
partly, so as to move forward more or less the fence F, a rack M serving to
retain the handle in any desired position. As the boss upon which the bearing
H moves is eccentric to the spindle G of the fence, it follows, that by turning
the bearing more or less in one direction or the other by means of the handle
L, the fence F will be moved more or less forwards or backwards over the
cutting side of the cutter, by which means the depth of cut may be regulated
to a nicety, as the side of the shoe is always kept firm up against the edge of
the fence. In paring the heel or sole the shoe is turned round horizontally so
as to bring the whole of the curved edge of the heel or sole gradually and suc-
cessively under the action of the cutter, such turning of the shoe being effected
by hand during the time the cutter is acting upon it. As the fence F always
bears against the side of the shoe immediately above the heel or sole, the shoe
itself becomes the template or design cam; for ensuring the proper shape of
the heel or sole, the shoe should be fitted on to a bracket, which is capable not

page_text: only of turning on a centre, such centre coinciding about with the centre of
the heel or sole to be pared, but it must also have a sliding motion towards
the cutter, so that the shoe may always be kept hard up against the fence
during the time it is under the action of the cutter.
Another portion of my Invention relates to a peculiar construction and
arrangement of mechanism, forming part of the machinery or apparatus which
I employ for attaching the heels of boots and shoes to the sole. This part of
my Invention consists of "a machine" for presenting the heel of a boot or
shoe in a proper position to the pegging mechanism, described in the Speci-
fication of my Patent herein-before referred to, for the purpose of attaching
the heel thereto.
Figure 1, on Sheet 7 of my Drawinngs, represents a side elevation of a por-
tion of a machine for attaching the heels to boots and shoes, the actual peg-
ging mechanism being omitted; and Figure 2 is a corresponding front elevation
of the same.
Figure 1, on Shect 8, is a detail plan of the template for guiding the heel
in a proper direction beneath the piercing & peg inserting mechanism. A is
the main framing of the machine, which carries the peg inserting mechanism
and describing mechanism. Beneath the inserting nozzle B of the pegging
machine is a circular plate C, capable of turning on a centre C. This plate
has one or more various sized openings formed through it, similar in shape to
the heel of a boot or shoe, but rather smaller than that to be attached.
Below one of these openings the boot or shoe with the heel upon it is placed
bottom upwards (as shewn in the Drawing) upon the vertical sliding bracket
D, which is actuated so as to rise or fall by means of a rack and pinion, the
pinion being fast on the spindle E, and the rack formed on the back of the
vertical sliding bracket D, by which arrangement the boot or shoe may be
pressed firmly against the under side of one of the openings in the plate C;
this is effected by means of the winch spring handle F and ratchet wheel G,
the latter being fixed stationary, so as to serve as a detaining ratchet for the
winch handle F to be engaged into when the boot or shoe has been pressed
hard up against the plate C, so as to hold or retain it in that position. The
bracket H, in which the vertical slide D travels, by means of the mechanism
just described, is free to move in any horizontal direction between the plate I,
and under fixed bracket K, since the centre of the horizontal part H¹ of the
bracket H is open, and is traversed merely by the bolts L, L, which hold the
upper plate I down upon the part H¹ of the horizontal sliding bracket. As
there is a free play or open space all round the bolts L, it follows that the
bracket H will be free to move upon the fixed bracket K in any desired

page_text: horizontal direction. M is a stem, which is connected at its upper end to the
moveable bracket H by a universal joint at N, and is passed through another
universal joint at 0 (serving as a working centre), connected to the slide P;
which is free to be raised or lowered by the lever handle Q when requisite,
for the purpose herein-after described. The foot or lower end of this stem
projects into and traverses along the groove of the fixed template or guide R
(shewn more clearly in the detail plan at Figure 1, Sheet 8). In order to
cause the foot of the stem to travel along the groove in the guide R, it is
embraced by the forked arm S, fast upon the vertical axis or spindle T of the
ratchet wheel U, the teeth in this wheel corresponding in number to the pegs
to be inserted into the heel. A strong spring in the end S¹ of the forked arm
serves to keep the foot of the stem hard up against the outer edge of the groove
in the guide. It will be seen that the contour of the groove in the guide R
corresponds in shape to that of a heel; it therefore follows, that if the foot of
the stem be made to travel round or along the groove, the upper end of the
stem must move in exactly the same course, since the centre of motion or
gyration of the stem is at the universal joint 0; by raising or lowering this
centre of gyration or motion, by engaging the lever Qin one or other of the
ratchet teeth Q, it follows that the motion described by the upper end of the
stem will be increased or diminished, as the case may be, and therefore a
larger or smaller heel may be attached, as desired. The upper end of the
stem M being connected to the compound sliding bracket H, this bracket
(which carries also the boot or shoe) will describe a course corresponding
to the shape of the guiding groove in the guide R, so that the heel will
always be presented in a proper manner to the pegging mechanism. After
the insertion of each peg the ratchet wheel U is turned round one tooth,
and the stem is moved forward a corresponding distance along its guiding
groove, to present the heel to the pegging mechanism in readiness for the
next succeeding peg. This motion of the ratchet wheel is effected by the
bell crank lever V, working on the centre W, and .actuating the pall X at
one end, whilst its other extremity is acted upon at each revolution of the spur
wheel Y by the projecting incline Z, fixed on the rim thereof. By this means
the ratchet wheel is moved forward one tooth at every revolution of the shaft a,
which carries the wheel Y, and which receives its motion from the driving
shaft b through the pinion C. The shaft a gives motion to the vertical shaft d
of the pegging mechanism by means of a pair of mitre wheels at e. As it is
necessary that the ratchet wheel U should remain perfectly firm and steady
after each increment of motion, I employ a small pin (Figure 1), which is
acted upon by a spring g, so as to enter successively, or at every movement, a

page_text: series of holes made near the circumference of the ratchet wheel, thereby acting
as a stop to the same. But as this stop pin requires to be raised or withdrawn
before the ratchet can move, a second bell crank lever h is used, working on the
centre W, and formed at one end with an incline fork i, which passes when
requisite under the head of the stop pin f, and elevates it, the other end of the
lever being actuated by the second projecting incline k on the spur wheel Y.
These projections are so arranged, that the one : first comes into action to lift
out the stop pin from the ratchet, and then the incline Z immediately follows,
and moves forward the lever V, connected with the pall X, thereby causing the
ratchet to be turned slightly, or until the stop pin drops into the next succeed-
ing hole. When the whole of the fastenings have been inserted into the heel,
the machine may (if found desirable) be made to throw itself out of gear by
any suitable arrangement of self-acting mechanism. When the size of the heel
is required to be changed, the lever Q.is altered accordingly, and the circular
plate C is turned round, so as to bring the proper sized opening over the heel;
it is then held in its place by the spring detent C, and the operation proceeds
in the manner herein-before described.
Figure 2, on Sheet 8 of my Drawings, represents a front elevation of my
improved feed motion, for feeding or supplying the strip of material of which
the pegs are composed to the compressing dies, described in the Specification
of my Patent herein-before referred to; Figure 3 is a corresponding back
clevation of the same; and Figure 4 is a plan of the apparatus. This feed
motion is fitted in the same place and is worked in the same manner (namely,
by a lever and cam,) as that described in the Specification herein-before referred
to, but it is slightly modified in its construction. In place of using only one
grooved feed wheel; I now propose to employ two grooved feed wheels or rollers
A, A', working loose on the studs B, B', and nipping the strip or length of
pegging material C between them, the degree of nip being adjusted by the
screw D and sliding block E, which works in a slot, and carries the stud or
centre of the wheel or roller A. Attached to the back of the wheel or roller
A¹ is a ratchet wheel G, which is turned one tooth for each supply of material
by means of the pall H, attached to the arm I, fixed on the moveable stud B'.
This stud carries at its other end the slotted arm K, which is actuated by a
lever worked by the feed cam of the pegging mechanism, described in the
Specification herein-before referred to. L is a spring detent for holding the
ratchet wheel steady after each increment of motion, and this detent is
adjusted so as always to lay hold of a tooth (and so prevent back lash) by
means of the eccentric M, in which the working centre of the detent L is
fitted. This eccentric is turned or adjusted by means of the arm N, which is

page_text: fixed in any desired position in the segmental slot N¹ by means of the set
screw O. Suppose it be found desirable to reduce the length of the pegs (or
rather of the material supplied to the compressing dies at each movement of
the ratchet wheel), this ratchet wheel must be replaced by a wheel of finer
pitch, and the connection with the slotted lever arm K adjusted accordingly,
in which case the detent would not coincide exactly with its tooth when the
ratchet had been turned partly by its pall. To remedy this, however, it is
simply necessary to adjust the eccentric M, until the detent, being either raised
or lowered, will lay hold of a tooth at each movement of the ratchet wheel, and
so prevent all chance of back lash.
Figure 5, on Sheet 8 of my Drawings, represents a front elevation of a
machine for cutting or paring the straight edge or front of a heel, or that
portion which is next to and extends from one side of the "waist" to the other;
and Figure 6 is a corresponding plan of the same. A is the main framing of
the machine; and B is a rocking frame, working on centres at C, C, in the
horizontal slide D, which works along the top of the main standards; a tra-
versing motion is imparted to this slide, when requisite, by means of the small
hand wheel E and screw spindle F. This rocking frame B carries the lasted
shoe G, the heel being inserted into the socket H, which is capable of being
turned partially in the bracket I by the small handle J. The toe of the shoc
is inserted into the corresponding socket K, fitted loosely on to one end of the
spindle I, which is capable of being traversed longitudinally inside the bracket
M by means of a screw and hand wheel N, as in an ordinary turning lathe.
The heel or hind portion being inserted into the socket H, the socket K is then
brought up to the toe, and the shoe secured firmly between the two by turning
the hand wheel N. O is a bracket for carrying the cutter spindle P; this
spindle is fitted at one end with a driving pulley Q, and at the other end it carries
the circular or 'disc knife R. In order to regulate the depth of cut, or prevent
the knife from cutting into the waist of the shoe, I employ a fence or guard
plate S, which is secured to the bracket on that side of the knife which is next
to the waist, the distance between the edge of the guard plate and the cutting
edge of the knife representing the greatest thickness of paring that can be taken
off at one cut. As the periphery of this guard plate or fence is on a level with
the periphery of the knife, it follows, that when the guard comes in contact
with the waist of the shoe the knife will not be able to penetrate further into
the shoe. By this means all chance of damaging the sole is obviated. In
cutting the heel by this machine, the shoe having been fixed, as herein-before
described, on the rocking frame or support B, the front edge of the heel
is brought gradually in contact with the cutting edge of the knife by raising

page_text: the handle T attached to the rocking frame. The sockets, holding the shoe,
are then turned slightly by the small handle J, so as to present the curved sur-
face of the waist to the guard plate, and thereby enable the knife to pare the
front of the heel down to the waist on each side of the shoe. After making a
cut, the shoe may be moved forward for another cut, if requisite, by turning
the hand wheel E which actuates the slide D. In this way the length from
the back to the front of the heel may be reduced to any desired extent, the cut
being always made clean down to the waist of the sole.
Figure 7, on Sheet 8 of my Drawings, represents a side elevation of a cutter
and fence for paring the soles and heels of boots and shoes, which in this case
may be simply held by hand against the cutter. A is the rotatory cutter, of
a precisely similar construction to that herein-before referred to; it is fixed on
the short horizontal spindle B, and is driven at a high velocity by the small
driving pulley C. In front of this cutter is placed the guard or fence D, the
spindle of which turns freely in a boss in the small vertical slide E. This
slide, and consequently the fence, is raised or lowered according to the depth of
cut to be made by means of the screw, spindle, and handle F; the fence being
guided along the edge of the shoe immediately above the sole, enables the sole
to be pared to the required shape without endangering the upper leather.
Figures 8 and 9, on Sheet 8 of my Drawings, represent respectively a
hammer and piercer to be employed in my pegging machine, described in the
Specification herein-before referred to. According to my present Invention, I
propose to make the piercer A and. hammer A¹ moveable or detachable from
their respective rods or holders B, B', by screwing, or otherwise fitting them
therein, in place of making the hammer or piercer and its rod or holder in one
piece, by which improved arrangement, should either of the instruments become
injured or broken they may readily be removed and replaced by new ones
without deranging the machine. I propose also to apply adjustable nuts C, C',
to the hammer and piercer rods or holders at the parts where they are grasped
by their actuating levers, such nuts being capable of vertical adjustment on the
rods, which are screwed for that purpose. By this means it is obvious that the
hammer or piercer may be raised or lowered as required, which will be found
of importance when adjusting the various parts of the mechanism previous to
first starting the same. It will also enable the hammer and piercer to be used
when they have become worn down to a considerable extent.
Figure 10, on Sheet 8, is a vertical section of an apparatus for supplying
glue or other cement to the pegs previous to or at the time of their insertion
into the sole. This apparatus consists of a cylinder A, containing the glue or
other cement to be used, in which cylinder is fitted a ram or plunger B, which

page_text: works vertically by means of a feather and slot inside the cylinder, the feather
serving to prevent it from turning; this cylinder is secured by means of the
bracket C to the front of the framing which carries the pegging mechanism. A
spindle D, screwed at its lower end, where it enters the ram B, carries at its
upper end the small ratchet wheel E, which is actuated by means of a pall
worked by one of the cams of the cam shaft of the pegging mechanism.
A pipe F, fitted with a stop-cock G, conducts the glue from the lower end of
the cylinder A to the nozzle 1 of the pegging mechanism, described in the
Specification herein-before referred to. Immediately after the perforation of a
hole in the sole, the ratchet wheel E of the glue feeder is turned a short
distance by means of its pall and actuating mechanism, which movement turns
the screw spindle D, and causes the ram or plunger B to be forced a certain
distance down the cylinder or glue reservoir A, so as to expel a drop of glue
down the nozzle x into the hole in the sole immediately previons to or simul-
taneously with the insertion of a peg therein. By means of a small thumb
screw, the pall which actuates the ratchet wheel may be disengaged at pleasure,
so that the machine may work, if required, without the glueing apparatus being
actuated.
Having now described and particularly ascertained, the nature of my said
Invention, and the manner in which the same is or may be used or carried into
effect, I would observe, in conclusion, that I do not confine or restrict myself to
the preceise details or arrangements which I have had occasion to describe or
refer to, as many variations may be made therefrom without deviating from
the principles or main features of my said Invention.
In witness whereof, I, the said Julian Bernard, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, the Third day of October, One thousand eight hundred
and fiu cix
JULIAN BERNARD. (..s.)