IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF WORTS
Year: 1845

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, NATHANIEL
CHAPPELL, of Arcadian Villa, Cumberland Road, in the City of Bristol,
Gentleman, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her present most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by
Her Royal Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing
date at Westminster, the Twentieth day of November, in the ninth year
of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant
unto me, the said Nathaniel Chappell, my exors, adññors, and assigns, Her
especial licence, full power, sole privilege and authority, that I, the said
Nathaniel Chappell, my exors, adññors, and assigns, or such others as I,
the said Nathaniel Chappell, my exors, adñors, or assigns, should at any
time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times
during the term of years therein expressed, should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise, and vend, within England, Wales, and the Town of
Berwick-upon-Tweed, in the Islands of Jersey, Guernsey, Alderney, Sark,
and Man, and also in all Her said Majesty's Colonies and Plantations abroad,
my Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF WORTS;" in which
said Letters Patent is contained a proviso, that I, the said Nathaniel Chappell,
shall cause a particular description of the nature of my said Invention, and
in what manner the same is to be performed, to be inrolled in Her said
Majesty's High Court of Chancery within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said in part recited Letters Patent, as
in and by the same, reference being thereunto had, will more fully and at
large appear.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
Nathaniel Chappell, do hereby declare that the nature of my said Invention,
and the manner in which the same is to be performed, are fully described
and ascertained in and by the following statement thereof, that is to say :-
The object of my Invention is to obtain a greater quantity of material
capable of being converted into saccharine matter from malt, barley, and other
articles than is or can be procured by the modes or processes hitherto used.
And my Invention consists in subjecting the materials from which the worts
are to be procured to the processes herein-after mentioned, that is to say :-
When the worts are to be obtained from malt, the malt is to be washed in
the ordinary way with water at the temperature of from one hundred and
forty-five degrees to one hundred and fifty degrees of Fahrenheit, care being
taken that under no circumstances it exceeds one hundred and sixty-seven
degrees of Fahrenheit, for the usual period of time, and after drawing off the
liquor or product through a strainer, "the grains" are to be steeped again
in a closed vessel, and subjected to the application of a higher degree of heat
than hitherto employed, and after they have remained under such tem
perature for a proper period the liquor is to be drawn off, and the first and
subsequent products mixed when all are at a temperature of one hundred and
sixty degrees of Fahrenheit. By this process a greater quantity of saccharine
matter may be procured than has hitherto been obtained, as before mentioned.
Or the following method may be pursued, particularly when other materials
are used, in addition to malt. The materials other than malt are to be put in
a closed vessel, and subjected to the higher degree of temperature, and after
remaining the necessary period the liquor is to be drawn off through a strainer,
and the temperature reduced to one hundred and sixty degrees of Fahrenheit,
and when at this temperature the malt, being first finely ground, is to be
introduced and mashed with this product instead of water. And by this mode
or process also an increased quantity of saccharine matter may be obtained.
beyond that procured by the accustomed mode. And the grains from the malt
thus introduced may subsequently be subjected to the treatment of the high
temperature before described, and the convertible material remaining be thereby
extracted.
And in order that my. Invention may be more fully understood and readily
carried into effect, I will proceed to describe the means pursued by me.
I employ, by preference, a strong copper vessel (but other vessels may be used)
provided with a stirrer to stir the malt, also a jacket or steam case externally,
also with a coil of pipe internally for the passage of steam or water, and
a steam pipe to admit free steam into the interior of the vessel. And

page_text: provision is also to be made for supplying steam and also hot and cold
water into the jacket or external case, and to the coil of pipe. The water
in the jacket and in the coil of pipe is to heat and cool the contents
of the vessel, and the steam when used therein to keep up the heat as
required for the purposes hereafter explained. The vessel used will be of
a size according to the quantity of malt or material to be operated on at one
time; and I operate as follows:-Into the vessel I put about six gallons
of water (at a temperature of one hundred and sixty degrees of Fahrenheit)
for every twenty pounds of malt, and I stir in the malt, which will reduce the
temperature, and I maintain the temperature at about one hundred and fifty
degrees for about one and a half hours by means of heated water introduced
into the case or jacket and into the coil of pipe. I then draw off the product
through a strainer into another vessel similarly capable of having the heat
maintained at a temperature of one hundred and fifty degrees of Fahrenheit,
and I keep this vessel closed or covered to exclude the atmosphere. This
product will be similar to the first product obtained by brewers, and will
contain the most part, if not the whole, of the "diastase" previously in the
malt, and also the saccharine matter. I would at once state, that the
obtaining of this first product is not claimed by me. In place of then cou-
tinuing the process, as heretofore practised, by applying further quantities of
water at a temperature usually not more than one hundred and sixty degrees
to one hundred and eighty degrees, and never exceeding boiling water, or two
hundred and twelve degrees of Fahrenheit, I apply and maintain such higher
degree of licat as will more effectually dissolve the starch in "the grains," and
I proceed by introducing a quantity of hot or boiling water equal to about one
third of that which was before used, stirring it and "the grains," then closing
the vessel by a cover suitable for resisting the pressure of the steam used (that
being the means I prefer) for obtaining the heat for dissolving the starch.
The vessel being closed, I allow steam to flow freely into the vessel till a tem-
perature of two hundred and fifty degrees of Fahrenheit is obtained, keeping
the stirrer going. I then shut off the free steam from the interior of the vessel,
and only allow it to flow into the coil of pipe and to the jacket or external
casing, so as to maintain the heat of "the grains" and water in the vessel to
two hundred and fifty degrees of Fahrenheit for two hours. I then shut off the
steam from the jacket or case and from the coil of pipe, and in place thereof I
run in cold water to cool down the matters in the vessel to one hundred and
sixty degrees of Fahrenheit; then the product is drawn off through a strainer,
and kept at one hundred and sixty degrees, or I draw it off' in the heated state,
and cool it down to and maintain it at a temperature of one hundred and sixty

page_text: "
degrees in the vessel which is to contain it till it and any future product is
mixed with the first product. I again add hot water to "the grains" in the
vessel, and subject the same to a high temperature, as before described, in
order to get out any starch which may still remain undissolved in "the
grains," and repeat the process again on "the grains," if rendered necessary
by there still remaining any considerable quantity of starch therein; and I cool
down the temperature to one hundred and sixty degrees, and draw off the
product through a strainer. I then combine or mix the first product containing
the "diastase" with the products from "the grains," bringing them together
at a temperature of about one hundred and sixty degrees of Fahrenheit. And
it is of importance that the various products should not be brought together at
a temperature so as to act on the "diastase" at a higher temperature than
one hundred and sixty-seven degrees of Fahrenheit; and I keep the combined
liquids heated to one hundred and sixty degrees of Fahrenheit from three to
four hours, in order to insure a complete conversion of the whole of the starch.
By these means I am enabled to obtain a much larger quantity of saccharine
matter from malt by the "diastase therein converting a larger quantity
of starch, obtained as herein described, than by the means heretofore pursued.
The saccharine matter being thus obtained, the manufacture and application of
worts is then to be carried on as heretofore, and, as is well understood, and
the worts are to be concentrated when required by boiling. I have only
mentioned malt as the material used, in order to point out how the largest
results may be obtained from 'malt, but I employ barley ground when
operating on "the grains," and I use three or four or more times as much
barley as malt, or starch from other matter may be obtained and dealt with in
like manner. And I would state that it will be evident that in place of
obtaining the first product, as herein described, from malt, that the solution of
starch having been obtained by high temperature, and the product reduced to
the temperature of one hundred and sixty degrees of Fahrenheit, ground malt
may be stirred in as if producing a first mash, by which the liquid may be
saccharified, and may then be drawn off through a strainer. "The grains"
resulting from such process may be further treated with ground barley or
other matter to obtain the starch therefrom, as herein described.
Having thus described the nature of my Invention, and the best means I
am acquainted with for performing the same, I would state, that although by
extending the time during which the application of the high degree of heat is
continued the temperature may be somewhat reduced without prejudice to the
result, I yet believe that the most profitable workings will be carried on by
observing the directions before giveu. What I claim is the mode of manu-

page_text: facturing worts by the application of a higher degree of heat than hitherto
applied, so as to obtain an encreased quantity of the material capable of being
converted into saccharine matter, and afterwards converting the same by the
application of the "diastase."
In witness whereof, I, the said Nathaniel Chappell, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Twentieth day of May, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and forty-six.
NATHANIEL (L.s.) CHAPPELL.
NATHANIEL (L.S.) CHAPPELL.
AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the Twentieth day of May, in the
year of our Lord 1846, the aforesaid Nathaniel Chappell came before our
said Lady the Queen in Her Chancery, and acknowledged the Specification
aforesaid, and all and every thing therein contained and specified, in form
above written. And also the Specification aforesaid was stamped according to
the tenor of the Statute made for that purpose.
Enrolled the Twentieth day of May, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and forty-six.