Improved Apparatus for Tonguing, Grooving, Mortising, Tenoning, and otherwise Shaping Wood, and a Setting Instrument employed in connection therewith.
Year: 1892

page_text: Date of Application, 6th July, 1892
Complete Specification Left. 5th Apr., 1893-Accepted, 13th May, 1893
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improved Apparatus for Tonguing, Grooving, Mortising, Tenoning,
and otherwise Shaping Wood, and a Setting Instrument employed
in connection therewith.
I, JULES BOUILLON, fils ainé, of No. 16 Rue Drouot, Paris, France, Engineer,
do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
This invention relates to an improved construction of apparatus for cutting
tongues, grooves, mortises, tenons, rebates and other similar forms in wood whereby
such forms are cut accurately by means of revolving cutting edges, of which two
or more sets may be combined so as to cut simultaneously two or more grooves,
tongues &c. as may be required for jointing two pieces of wood together.
For this purpose one tool of the apparatus consists of a metal carrying. lise that
can be fitted with a central boss upon any suitable revolving shaft, which disc
carries round its periphery three circular cutter-discs. These discs have at one
point of their circumference a deep notch formed at an angle of preferably
about 45° to the radius so as to form with the periphery a chisel shaped cutting
edge.
The discs have furthermore a concentric semicircular slot, by means of which
they are secured to the central carrying disc, which has two setting screws passing
through this slot and screwing into threaded holes, and the cutter-discs are further-
more held firmly in position by fitting into a corresponding segmental recess in the
face of the carrying disc.
The cutter-discs can thus be shifted round into any desired position relative to
the carrying disc, within the limits of the semicircular slot, so as to bring the
cutting edge in the exact required position relative to the central shaft, such
position being that corresponding nearly to a radial line passing through the centre
of the carrying disc and the centre of the cutter-disc.
In order to ensure this
position accurately, a setting instrument is employed, consisting of a slotted bar, to
one end of which is secured a stud fitting accurately in the central hole of the
carrying disc, while in the slot there is firstly an adjustable stud that can be fitted
into a central hole in the cutter-disc, and secondly an adjustable stop that is
adjusted to coincide with the periphery of the cutter-disc.
Thus on placing this instrument in position, the cutting edge of the disc is
adjusted by turning the disc upon its semicircular slot until the cutting edge comes
in contact with the slot, whereupon the cutter-disc is fixed in position by means of
the setting screws. It will be seen that by this construction, as the sharpening of
the cutting edge is effected entirely by grinding the face of its oblique slot, the
cutting edge will always remain at a distance from the centre corresponding to the
periphery of the disc, no matter how much of the periphery is worn away by
repeated sharpening, and consequently the apparatus will always cut grooves,
mortises or rebates to exactly the same depth. The maximum depth to which the
apparatus will cut is determined by the diameter of the cutting discs, and the
extent to which they project beyond the periphery of the carrying disc. The width
of the groove &c. cut will depend upon the thickness of the cutting disc.
By fitting two or more such instruments side by side upon the shaft, any desired
For forming tongues or tenons
number of parallel grooves or mortises can be cut.
together with a mortise a second carrier disc is fitted upon the shaft having three
segmental cutters fixed adjustably thereon by means of circular slots and setting
screws, similar in arrangement to that first described, the cutters having a
rectangular rim forming a circular arc, one end of which rim is formed into a
cutting edge by an obliquely ground face. The carrying disc of this rebating tool

page_text: is mounted upon the shaft at a distance from the grooving disc regulated by
different sized washers interposed between their bosses, so that the cutting rims of
the former will cut a rebate on the one side of a piece of wood at the required
distance from the groove or mortise cut by the other cutting tool for leaving a
tongue of the required thickness between the rebate and the groove or mortise.
The rebating cutters may of course also be used independently of the mortising
cutters.
Dated this 6th day of July 1899
ABEL & IMRAY,
Agents for the Applicant.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improved Apparatus for Tonguing, Grooving, Mortising, Tenoning,
and otherwise Shaping Wood, and a Setting Instrument employed
in connection therewith.
I, JULES BOUILLON, fils ainé, of No. 16 Rue Drouot, Paris, France, Engineer,
do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same i3
to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement :-
This invention relates to an improved construction of apparatus for cutting
tongues, grooves, mortises, tenons, rebates and other similar forms in wood whereby
such forms are cut accurately by means of revolving cutting edges, of which two
or more sets may be combined so as to cut simultaneously two or more grooves,
tongues &c. as may be required for jointing two pieces of wood together.
For this purpose one tool of the apparatus consists of a metal carrying disc that
can be fitted with a central boss upon any suitable revolving shaft, which disc
carries round its periphery three circular cutter-discs. These discs have at one
point of their circumference a deep notch formed at an angle of preferably
about 45° to the radius so as to form with the periphery a chisel shaped cutting
edge.
The discs have furthermore a concentric semicircular slot, by means of which
they are secured to the central carrying disc, which has two setting screws passing
through this slot and screwing into threaded holes, and the cutter discs are
furthermore held firmly in position by fitting into a corresponding segmental recess
in the face of the carrying disc.
The cutter-discs can thus be shifted round into any desired position relative to
the carrying disc, within the limits of the semicircular slot, so as to bring the
cutting edge in the exact required position relative to the central shaft, such
position being that corresponding nearly to a radial line passing through the centre
of the carrying disc and the centre of the cutter-disc. In order to ensure this
position accurately, a setting instrument is employed, consisting of a slotted bar,
to one end of which is secured a stud fitting accurately in the central hole of the
carrying disc, while in the slot there is firstly an adjustable stud that can be
fitted into a central hole in the cutter disc, and secondly an adjustable stop that
is adjusted to coincide with the periphery of the cutter-disc.
The said apparatus is shewn upon the accompanying drawings in which
Fig. 1 shews a plan view and Fig. 2 a cross section on line A B, of a disc A
which is fixed on any machine having a vertical shaft, and which carries three
cutter discs a, b, c fitting into recessed parts of the disc A, the cutter discs having.
a projecting rim D at their periphery, which fits into a corresponding groove in the
recess as shewn at Fig. 2.
The cutter discs are secured on the disc A by means of two setting screws I
passing through a circular slot C in the cutter disc which slot is of such a length
as to allow of the disc being shifted round through a considerable angle until the
end J abuts against the setting screw. At the periphery, each cutter disc has a

page_text: deep curved notch E the edge of which is approximately at an angle of about 45°
to the periphery so as to present a sharp cutting edge at O. The sharpening is
effected on the inner side, so that as the cutting edge wears away it can always be
brought accurately to the same relative position by shifting the cutter disc round
on its seat. The cutter discs have a central hole S which enables the point O of
the cutting edge to be accurately set by means of the instrument shewn in plan at
Fig. 3 and side view at Fig. 4.
This instrument consists firstly of a cylindrical boss L adapted to fit accurately
into the ring G fixed centrally on the face of the plate A. This boss has an
extension of smaller diameter on which is fixed a cranked bar T having a slot, in
which slide firstly a stud N secured in any position by a setting screw,. and
secondly a block carrying a bent arm R, also secured in position by a setting
screw.
It will be seen from the dotted position of this instrument at Fig. 1, how it may
be readily applied by the operative for setting the cutter discs; he inserts the
boss L'into the hole V of A and, bringing the arm T centrally over the hole S of
the cutter disc he shifts the stud N until it fits into this hole.
The setting screws of A being loosened, he then turns the cutter disc round on
its seat until the point O of the cutter comes in contact with the projecting arm R
which forms a stop, and by repeating this operation with each of the cutter discs,
the points O are all brought to exactly the same relative position U U¹ U' in which
they all touch tangentially one and the same circle struck from the centre of A,
in which positions the cutter discs are then secured by the setting screws.
Among the various advantages obtained by the above described construction of
cutters, may be mentioned that of being able to readily change the cutter discs,
and that by their means mortises can be cut of any required depth up to the
maximum determined by the distance between the point of the cutter and the
periphery of the disc Ă. The tongues and mortises are also accurately finished
off by this cutting tool, instead of being left rough as is the case with cutting tools
heretofore employed. The outer periphery of the cutter disc being made of
increased width by the rim D on each side thereof, the surface of the disc will work
quite free in the mortise. When the cutter discs are made of larger diameter,
they are also made of increased width at the periphery so as to cut a proportionately
wider mortise.
Fig. 5 shews a plan view of a modified construction of cutter to be employed in
combination with that above described for cutting a rebate on the one side of the
piece of wood that is being formed with tongues and a mortice by the first described
cutter.
Fig. 6 shews a side view of the two cutters combined.
For this purpose the disc A¹, which is made slightly dished as shewn at Fig. 6,
carries three segmental cutters P P P which are secured to the disc by setting
screws passing through curved slots H H' in the cutters which allow these to be
accurately set. The cutting edge M is formed on a flange M M' of the depth
shewn at Fig. 6.
The edge M is ground on the inner face as with the previous cutters, and the
accurate setting thereof is effected by the same instrument as before described with
reference to Figs. 3 and 4, so as to touch tangentially the same circle as that
described by the other cutters. The disc A' is formed with other holes for bolts
at K K' for fixing the cutters in a reversed position when required.
In fitting the boss V₁ of the disc A¹ with its cutters upon the same shaft as the
disc A with the mortising cutters, a ring G is interposed between the two, the
thickness of which determines the thickness of the outer tongue of the wood piece
and the depth of the rebate.
As the two sets of cutters revolve, the cutting edges O form the mortise Y and
tongues on each side thereof while the cutting edges M at the same time form the
rebate on the one side of the piece of wood J D.
Should it be desired to make the mortise Y of a greater or less depth than the

page_text: rebate, this may be readily effected by setting the cutting edges M either farther
back or farther forward than the cutting edges O, this being effected to any exact
degree required by setting the arm R of the setting tool to a corresponding extent
farther forward or backward on the scale marked on the slotted bar T.
It will be evident that the above described cutting tools may be variously
modified in detail according to the purposes to which they are to be applied,
whether for cutting mortises and tenons, rebates, mouldings, and the like, the
cutting edges being made with a configuration to suit each special application.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. In apparatus for shaping wood, the combination with a circular plate of
adjustable circular cutter discs arranged and operating substantially as described
with reference to Figs. 1 and 2.
2. In apparatus for shaping wood, the combination with a plate A having cutter
discs such as a, b, c, of a second plate A¹ having cutters such as P, P1, P" arranged
and operating, substantially as described with reference to Figs. 5 and 6.
3. The use for setting the cutters referred to in the preceding claim of a setting
instrument arranged and operating substantially as described with reference to
Figs. 3 and 4.
Dated this 5th 1... Ր Amail 2000
ABEL & IMRAY,
Agents for the Applicant.