IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANU- FACTURE OF ICE, AND IN APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN
Year: 1879

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Frederick Noel Mackay, of Liverpool, in the County of
Lancaster, Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANU-
FACTURE OF ICE, AND IN APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN."
Sealed the 16th January 1880, and dated the 16th July 1879.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Frederick Noel Mackay at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 16th July 1879.
FREDERICK NOEL MACKAY, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, Engineer.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ICE, AND IN APPARATUS EMPLOYED
THEREIN."
My Invention relates to the production of ice free from air cells or discolouration
and consists in agitating the water to be frozen into ice in a novel manner, and
of apparatus for that purpose, the object being to effect the desired results
beneficially.
In carrying my Invention into practice I impart to the water in the tank or
tanks motion in a horizontal or nearly horizontal direction along or over the
surface of the cells containing the refrigerating fluid in such manner that the said
water shall pass from one cell or series of cells to another cell or series of cells, and
at the same time have a motion alternately forwards and backwards.
The said motion is given to the water (a) so as to form a continuous current,
(b) so as to obtain a current flowing alternately in opposite directions, (c) so as to
produce currents moving intermittently in the same or opposite directions.
The apparatus or appliances for effecting the agitation above described consist of
a pump or pumps or equivalent appliances placed alongside, beneath, or in the tank,
or formed as part of the tank, provided with pistons, plungers, or their equivalents,
to which a reciprocating motion is imparted; or centrifugal or like pumps or appa-
ratus for giving motion to fluids are employed.

page_text: In all the above views like letters denote the same parts, and the arrows show the
direction of motion.
In Figs. 1 to 4 various constructions, arrangements, and combinations of appa-
ratus are shown and described, whereby motion is imparted to the water to be
frozen past and along the surfaces of cells, constructed and arranged substantially
as above set-forth. It will be obvious that apparatus of various constructions
might be employed for giving motion to the water along the surfaces of the above
mentioned cells without departing from my Invention.
Several ice tanks may if desired be jointed together in series, so that the water
being frozen can flow from one to the other.
Having now described and particularized the nature of the said Invention in
such manner that others will be enabled to carry my improvements into effect, I
claim,―
First. Agitating water being frozen by giving to such water motion over the
surfaces of cells, constructed and arranged substantially as and for the purpose
specified.
Second. Apparatus or appliances for agitating water, constructed, arranged, and
operating substantially as set forth.
In witness whereof, I, the said Frederick Noel Mackay, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Fifteenth day of January, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and eighty.
FRED. N. MACKAY. (L.S.)