Improvements in Arrangements and Mechanism Applicable to Trams and other Vehicles Running on Rails or Common Roads, for Storing Up the Momentum of the Vehicles while in Motion' or being Stopped, and Using it to Start or Assist in Starting them. again into Motion.
Year: 1889

page_text: Date of Application, 27th June, 1889
Complete Specification Left, 27th Mar., 1890-Accepted, 10th May, 1890
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Arrangements and Mechanism Applicable to Trams
and other Vehicles Running on Rails or Common Roads, for
Storing Up the Momentum of the Vehicles while in Motion' or
being Stopped, and Using it to Start or Assist in Starting them.
again into Motion.
I, WILLIAM CARRINGTON, of 595 Ashton Road, Openshaw, near Manchester, in the
County of Lancaster, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said invention to
be as follows:-
My invention relates to arrangements and mechanism for storing up the momen-
tuin of trams, or other vehicles running on rails or common roads, while they are in
motion or being stopped, and using the power thus obtained to start or assist in
starting the vehicle into motion again.
As a means of storing the momentum of the vehicle I prefer to employ the
pressure obtained by displacing the atmosphere, and thus forming a vacuum or
partial vacuum in a closed vessel or vessels, though springs or compressed air may be
used for the purpose, and when acting by a vacuum formed by removing the atmo-
sphere from a closed vessel 1 prefer to use one or more elastic or flexible diaphragms,
or one or more cylinders and pistons, or cylinders and drums with rolling packing
rings, though a piston and cylinder may be used for the purpose.
On the rods of two diaphragms or pistons I prefer to arrange a series of pulleys
similar to those used for the rope of pulley blocks, the end of this rope or chain
from these blocks being connected with a barrel (hereinafter called the rope barrel)
fast on a shaft in suitable bearings which is or may be in a frame (hereinafter called
the oscillating frame) arranged to oscillate in bearings carried on the frame of the
vehicle.
The
rope barrel shaft in bearings in the oscillating frame has one or two grooved or
other pulleys secured at each end which when the oscillating frame is moved one way
will come against and be rotated in one direction by a corresponding external pulley
on the carrying axle of, or connected with one pair of the carrying wheels of the
vehicle, and when the oscillating frame is moved the other way the grooved or other
pulleys will be brought against, and be rotated in the reverse direction by corre-
sponding internal pulleys on the said pair of carrying wheels or carrying axle, which
external and internal friction pulleys (one for each side) may be formed in one
casting.
The rope is so connected with the rope barrel that it will wind up the rope whether
rotated one way or the other.
On the rope barrel shaft there is a brake pulley secured, and a belt passes half way
round this pulley and each ond of the belt is secured to one end of a lever and the
fulcrums of the two levers are carried on the cross bar of the oscillating frame in the
middle of which the two ends of the levers come together in a slot formed in a rod
hat can slide through a hole in the cross bar of the oscillating frame, this sliding rod
being acted upon by a helical spring abutting against the cross bar of the oscillating
rame which spring thus causes the two levers to draw up both ends of the brake belt
nd bring it tightly against the brake pulley to hold the rope barrel shaft from
otating when the oscillating frame is in its middle position.
When the oscillating frame is moved to one side, to wind the rope on the rope
arrel, the friction pulleys on its shaft come in contact with the internal or external
riction driving pulleys, and at the same time one of the levers for the brake belt
omes against a plate or projections on a plate on the frame of the vehicle and
his causes both the brake levers to release the brake and allow the rope barrel and its
haft to be rotated.

page_text: When the oscillating frame is moved to the middle position the brake levers
come into action and hold the shaft from revolving, and when the power stored
up is to act to withdraw the rope from the barrel to propel the vehicle the oscil-
lating frame is moved from the middle position to bring the friction pulleys in
contact, that is, if the rope was wound upon the rope barrel by the internal
friction wheels the oscillating frame is made to bring the friction pulleys on the
rope barrel shaft in gear with the external friction wheels, and vice versa if the rope
was wound on the barrel by the external friction wheels.
The plate to act on the brake levers is or may be formed on a lever centred upon
the cross bar of the oscillating frame and through such lever the oscillating frame is
moved, and thus the brake is released when the friction pulleys are in contact, and
holds when they are not in contact.
The oscillating frame is actuated by connections with a suitable lever or pedal
or pedals convenient to the hand or foot of the driver of the vehicle.
In the case of tram cars where the body of the vehicle is reversed according to the
direction in which the tram is travelling the connections between the actuating lever
or pedal or pedals and the oscillating frame are arranged accordingly.
Dated this 26th day of June 1889.
PETER J. LIVSEY,
Agent.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Arrangements and Mechanism Applicable to Trams
and other Vehicles Running on Rails or Common Roads, for
Storing Up the Momentum of the Vehicles while in Motion or
being Stopped, and Using it to Start or Assist in Starting them
again into Motion.
1, WILLIAM CARRINGTON, of 595 Ashton Road, Openshaw near Manchester, in
the County of Lancaster, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement :-
My invention relates to arrangements and mechanism for storing up the momentum
of trams, or other vehicles running on rails or common roads, while they are in
motion, or being stopped, and using the power thus obtained to start or assist in
starting the vehicle into motion again.
As a means of storing the momentum of the vehicle I prefer to employ the
pressure obtained by displacing the atmosphere, and thus forming a vacuum or
partial vacuum in a closed vessel or vessels, though springs or compressed air may be
used for the purpose, or a combination of vacuum, compressed air and spring may
be used, and when acting by a vacuum formed by removing the atmosphere from
a closed vessel, I may use one or more elastic or flexible diaphragms, or one or
more cylinders and pistons, or cylinders, and drums or trunks with rolling packing
rings.
To the end of the piston or diaphragm or spring rod, I attach one end of a rope or
chain the other end being connected with a pulley or barrel (hereinafter called the
rope or chain barrel) fast on the boss of a spur wheel loose on a shaft in suitable
bearings which is or may be the axis of a frame (hereinafter called the oscillating
frame) arranged to oscillate in bearings carried on the frame of the vehicle.
The rope or chain barrel gives motion to the spur wheel which gears with a pinion
fast on a shaft in bearings in the oscillating frame which shaft has a V grooved
pulley secured at each end, which when the oscillating frame is moved one way, will
come against and be rotated in one direction by a corresponding external rimmed
pulley on the carrying axle of, or connected with one pair of the carrying wheels of
the vehicle, and when the oscillating frame is moved the other way the grooved or other
pulleys, will be brought against, and be rotated in the reverse direction by corre
sponding internal rimmed pulleys on the said pair of carrying wheels or carrying axles,

page_text: which external and internal friction pulleys (one for each side) may be formed in one
casting.
The rope or chain is so connected with the rope or chain barrel, that it will wind up
the rope whether rotated one way or the other.
On the shaft with grooved pulleys, there is a brake pulley secured, and a belt
passes partly round this pulley and each end of the belt is secured to one end of a
lever, and the fulcrum of the two levers are carried on the cross bar or axis of the
oscillating frame in the middle of which the two ends of the levers come together
in a groove formed in a movable collar, that can slide upon a stud on a bracket
on the axis of the oscillating frame, this sliding collar being acted upon by a
helical spring abutting against a screw nut on the end of the stud which spring
thus causes the two levers to draw up both ends of the brake belt and bring it
tightly against the brake pulley to hold the grooved pulley shaft from rotating, when
the oscillating frame is in its middle position, or when not in contact with the internal
and external friction pulleys.
When the oscillating frame is moved to one side, to wind the rope or chain on its
barrel, the friction pulleys on the shaft come in contact with the internal or external
friction driving pulleys, and at the same time or a little after one of the levers for the
brake belt comes against one of two pins or studs in the arms of the lever actuating
the oscillating frame and this causes both the brake levers to release the brake and
allow the grooved pulley shaft to be rotated.
When the oscillating frame is moved to the middle position the brake levers come
into action and hold the shaft from revolving and when the power stored up is to
act to withdraw the rope or chain from the barrel to propel the vehicle the oscil-
lating frame is moved from the middle position to bring the friction pulleys in
contact, that is, if the rope or chain was wound upon the barrel by the internal
friction wheels the oscillating frame is made to bring the friction pulleys on the shaft
in gear with the external friction wheels, and vice versa, if the rope or chain was first
wound on the barrel by the external friction wheels.
The oscillating frame is actuated by connections with a suitable lever or pedal or
pedals, convenient to the hand or foot of the driver of the vehicle.
In the case of tram cars where the body of the vehicle is reversed according to
the direction in which the tram is travelling the connections between the actuating
lever or pedal or pedals and the oscillating frame are arranged accordingly.
Fig 1 is a side elevation partly in section, showing the under framing, carrying
wheels and other parts, and also a part of the body of the tram which is of the
reversible class, that is, the body part can be rotated upon the framing, so that one
end may be always in front when travelling.
Fig. 2 is a plan view in which the floor of the tram car for the passengers is
supposed to be broken away, exposing the under framing and connected mechanism
to view, which is partly shown in section, this figure also shows a plan view of the two
end platforms for the driver and guard.
Fig. 3 is an elevation partly in section, looking from the end of the under framing,
showing the oscillating frame brake, and other mechanism.
Fig. 4 is an end sectional elevation of the oscillating frame and brake mechanism.
Fig. 5 is a longitu.linal section of the cylinder and parts for accumulating pressure
and giving it off again.
Fig. 6 is a longitudinal section of an alternative cylinder for accumulating pressure,
having a trunk with rolling elastic packing ring or rings.
The invention as illustrated by the figures above referred to will be first described,
and subsequently the modifications thereof. The invention is shown in connection
with reversible trams, but its application to other trans and other vehicles will be
readily understood.
a, is the under framing, which is connected with the ordinary pair of carrying
wheels b, and axles 6. To this framing a, the ordinary brake mechanism for the
carrying wheels is attached and also all the mechanism for carrying out my inven-

page_text: tion, except the pair of double friction wheels or pulleys secured on one of the carrying
axles b¹.
"1
This pair of double friction wheels c, are each made by preference in one casting,
one pulley (the smaller) has a V or wedge shaped frictional surface which I term
the external friction wheel or pulley, the other pulley c², (the larger one) has a
similar shaped friction surface which I term the internal friction pulley or
wheel.
Between the frictional surfaces of the two wheels c', and c², there is space (it will
be noted that this space is not shown large enough to give free space for oscillation
between the internal and external friction wheels in figs. 1 and 2) for a small pulley d¹,
having a V grooved frictional surface to correspond with the two V or wedge shaped
internal and external friction wheels c', and c.
Instead of the V wedge, being upon the last named pulleys c', and c³, the V groove
may be formed upon them, and the V wedge on the small pulley d', coming between
them, and instead of one V wedge and groove there may be two or more as in well
known wedge and groove friction gearing.
There is a grooved pulley d', secured upon each end of a shaft d, which is made
tubular to give strength and reduce the weight, and this shaft d, rotates in the ends
of arms d², secured upon another tubular shaft d³, free to oscillate in a bearing
formed at each end, which bearing is in a bracket a', secured to the sides of the under
framing a.
The shaft d³, which oscillates and the arms d², secured upon.it I term the oscillating
frame.
There is a spur pinion e, secured upon the shaft d, which gears with a spur
wheel e, fast upon the boss of a pulley f, termed the rope or chain barrel which is
free to rotate upon the axis d³, the boss of the barrel f, being kept from moving end-
ways by two collars f, and, secured upon the axis d³.
There is also a bracket a², attached to the under framing a, which also forms a
bearing to help to take the strain upon the axis d³, when the chain is winding or
is wound upon the barrel.
There is also another arm d', secured upon the axis d³, which also forms an inter-
mediate bearing for the rotary shaft d, and to this arm ^, one end of a rod g. is
jointed, the other end of which is jointed to a lever g', on a vertical axis or
fulcrum g, which is under the ordinary brake lever h, of a reversible tram and
on the same fulcrum carrier.
To each end of the lever g', one end of a rod 9³, is jointed, the other end of the rod
passing in the lengthway of the tram, and it slides through a suitable guide in a
bracket a³, secured to the under framing.
Both the two rods 93, are aliko and one is in use when the tram is travelling one
way and the other when it is travelling in the opposite direction.
One end of the rod g³, is turned up to form a projection to enter an open jaw part
formed upon the end of a rod g, which is also sustained and guided by another
bracket a', from the under framing and the other or front end of this rod is
jointed to the lower end of a lever handle 9, having its fulcrum g, below the platform
for the driver.
It will be seen that the jaw of the rod 9', will engage with the turned up ends
of either of the rods g³, accordingly as the tram is turned to move one way or the
other.
By means of this band lever go, the oscillating frame (d³, and d²) can be actuated
to move the grooved pulleys d', first against the internal (c².) and then against the
external (c) friction wheels or vice versa. If desired there may be a catch arranged
similar to that used with the hand lever for working the valve gear of locomotives
the catch entering notches to hold the lever 95, at either extreme or its middle
⚫ position.
For non-reversible vehicles the connection between the lever g', and lever handle g³,
is or may be direct, and for tram cars where one end is forward when travelling in

page_text: one, and the other end in the other direction there is a hand lever g³, at each end of
the tram.
I may here state, that i, is the ordinary brake lever and shaft of a reversible tram
car, and, is a part of the chain, one end of which is attached to the shaft, and the
other end is hooked upon a rod i, jointed to one end of the lever h, for actuating the
brakes of the carrying wheels, which mechanism is well known and in use in reversible
tram cars.
To the rope or chain barrel f, one end of a chain ³, (by preference) is secured,
this chain passes between two guide pulleys, carried upon a bracket a³, secured to
the under framing a.
.
The other end of the chain, is secured to the outer end of a piston rod 1, passing
through an ordinary gland packing, on the end of a cylinder j, secured to the under
framing a.
."'
Fig. 5 shows a section on an enlarged scale of the cylinder j, detached. The inner
end of the piston rod j', 'is secured to a piston ", that fits and works in the smaller
part of the cylinder j."
That part of the cylinder which is of larger diameter forms an air chamber j
It will be seen that when the piston rod, is drawn out of the cylinder, the air in
the 'front of the piston is compressed into the air chamber 13, and that a vacuum will
be formed in the cylinder j, behind the piston ³, more or less perfect depending upon
the fit of the piston in the cylinder and the absence of leakage.
By this arrangement the resistance to the movement of the piston towards the air
chamber, consists of the pressure of the atmosphere in addition to the compression
of the air within the cylinder j.
There is a small valve j*, and 5, closed by a spring at each end of the cylinder, the
valve in the large ond opens inwards and that ³, at the opposite end opens
outwards.
U
When the piston, is in the position shown in fig. 5 if there is any partial vacuum
at the large end, the atmosphere can enter through the valve jt, and if any air has
leaked past the piston, to its vacuum side, it will be expelled by the piston through
the valve, opening outwards at that end of the cylinder.
To compel the piston 1, to travel to the inward end of its stroke where it is shown
in 'fig. 5, an helical spring jo, made in sections separated by collars or discs 7, (as
shown) sliding on the piston rod, is used, one end abutting, against the piston j³, at
one end and the other against the end cover of the cylinder, as shown.
This spring, is compressed when the piston rod moves outwards and reacts when
it moves inwards and it is under a certain amount of compression when the piston j³,
is in the position shown in fig. 5, so as to have power enough to force back the piston
to the end of its stroke as shown in fig. 5.
Instead of a piston and cylinder shown by fig. 5 a cylinder j, and drum or trunk,
with one or two elastic rolling packing rings 18, is or may be used as shown detached
by fig. 6.
This cylinder j, may act by the pressure of the atmosphere and not 'both by the
pressure of the atmosphere and the compression of air.
It is made with a valve jo, at the vacuum end to allow any air which may leak pas
the rolling packing ring to be driven out through the valve.
The air can enter into and pass out of the cylinder freely through the holes j*.
When the piston rod j', is drawn out the air is removed from the cylinder and a
vacuum more or less perfect is formed behind the inner end of the trunk, and the
pressure of the atmosphere acts to force the trunk, inwards.
'
To force the trunk inwards to the position shown in fig. 6 helical springs jo, are
used as explained in reference to fig. 5.
The chain or rope barrel f, can be rotated in either direction and will wind the
chain, upon it, one way or the other accordingly.
Upon the shaft d, a pulley k is secured and under this pulley a brake belt k¹,
comes, each end of the brake belt k¹, is attached by a joint to a lever k², the

page_text: fulcrum k³, of which is carried upon a bracket d³, secured upon the oscillating shaft d³.
It will be seen that there are two of these levers k² on opposite sides of the bracket d³.
The inner ends of both levers k³, come into a groove in a collar 4*, that can slide
upon a stud ko, secured in the bracket do, and upon this stud, there is a helical
spring, one end of which abuts against the sliding collar, the other end against a
washer held by a screw nut k³, upon the end of the stud. Thus arranged it will be
seen that the spring ko, acts through the levers ², to draw the brake belt k¹, tightly
against the pulley k, and hold it and the shaft d, from revolving.
The end of the rod g, from the lever g', is slotted to fit a swivel block k³, on a pin
in the side of the arm d', and at each side of the block k8, and between it and the end
of the slot in the rod 9, there is a helical spring k³.
These springs, are in sufficient tension to move the oscillating frame and bring
the grooved wheels d', against the internal or external friction wheels c', and c³, as the
case may be and hold the wheels d', against the wheels c², or c², to give pressure
sufficient to give adhesion to prevent them from slipping, then the further movement
in the same direction causes the notch on the rod g, which embraces the end of one
arm k*, of a three armed lever centred to oscillate on the shaft d³, to oscillate it so that
one of the projecting pins k", in the two upper arms (according to the direction of
movement) will depress one end of one of the levers 2, and this through the sliding
collar k, will depress the corresponding end of the other lever, at the same time
compressing the spring ke, and releasing or slackening the brake belt A.
When the rod g, is moved in the reverse direction the levers k³, are allowed to lift
by the action of the spring ko, before the pulleys d', are withdrawn from the friction
wheels c¹, or c³.
If the oscillating frame is now moved to bring the ✓ grooved wheels d', against
the opposite friction wheel c¹, or c², the brake k', is slackened as above described
when the friction wheels are in firm contact, and this allows the atmospheric pressure,
or that combined with the compressed air and helical spring jo, to draw off the
chain f, from the barrel and propel the vehicle in the forward direction.
When the hand lever g³, is left in its middle position the brake belt is tight, but the
grooved wheels and friction wheels d', and c¹, and c³, are out of gear.
Figs. 7 and 8 illustrate an alternative arrangement of brake mechanism to that
shown by figs. 3 and 4.
Fig. 7 is an end elevation and fig. 8 an edge or side view.
d, is the shaft; k, brake pulley; k¹, brake belt, each end passes through a hole in
one of the levers 2, and has adjusting screw nuts upon it. d, bracket on d³, for
'carrying the fulcrums k³, of the levers . The inner ends of the upper arms of the
levers, come together and there is a joint pin through a hole in the end of one
lever which pin passes through a corresponding short slotted hole or fork in the other
lever k², so that both levers thus move together.
The levers k, in this case have each three arms, and between the two descending
arms there is a bolt 1, to carry an helical spring ko.
There is a lever 1, which is loose on the shaft d³, and to the lower end of this arm
or lever the rod g, is jointed.
There are two projections from this lever 1, one on each side and each projection
carries an adjusting set screw 12, the ends of which will come and press against one or
the other of the descending arms from the levers k³, (according to the direction
of movement in the lever ) this will cause the spring 6, to be compressed and the
brake belt k³, to be slackened as explained in reference to the arrangement shown by
figs. 3 and 4.
The lever 1, as before stated is free to oscillate upon the shaft d³, and it carries
guides for a sliding ✓ ended stem 13, having a helical spring 1, that abuts at its lower
end against the guide and at its upper end against a collar 1, upon the stem, thus
forcing the V end of the stem into and against the V recess in a part de, secured upon
the shaft d³.
Tj By this arrangement the shaft d³, will be oscillated by the lever 11, and rod 9, until
the V grooved wheels upon d, come against one or the other of the wheels c¹, and c³,

page_text: then as the lever, continues to move, the V headed stem 13, is pushed down against,
the action of the spring, thus increasing the adhesive pressure between the friction,
wheels, and the one or the other of the set screws 12, acts as before explained to slacken
the brake belt k', and releases the brake pulley..
Fig. 9 is an end view and fig. 10 an edge sectional view illustrating how the guide:
pulleys, shown in fig. 1, are or may be carried upon an arm f³, secured
upon the oscillating shaft d³, instead of being carried upon a bracket a³, as shown in
fig. 1.
+
This arm f, takes the place of one of the collars f¹, and acts in its place and also,
to carry two studs for the guide pulleys, to rotate upon. The chain f³, in winding,,
on the pulley or barrel f, tends to move the oscillating frame in one direction or the',
other, depending upon whether the chain passes on to the upper or lower side of the
pulley. By carrying the guide pulleys f, upon the shaft d³, the angular pressure,
of the chain tends to counteract the strain of winding on, in the opposite direction and -
leaves the oscillating frame so far as it is operated upon by the strain of the chain more
in equilibrium.
Instead of the chain f³, and pulley f, a toothed rack, one end attached to the piston
rod, and made to gear with a toothed pinion taking the place of the barrel f, may be,
used.
Or in place of a toothed rack a V edge bar may be used, one end attached, to the
piston rod j, while the V edge of the bar is pressed down by an anti-friction pulley..
and spring or springs, into a V grooved pulley taking the place of the chain
pulley.
The V edge bar in this case is pressed with force into the V grooved pulley sufficient
to give the required adhesion between the two.-With the toothed bar or the V edged
bar the piston, fig. 5, or trunks 2, fig. 6 can be pushed into the position in which
they are shown; the one in fig. 5 and the other in fig. 6, without the springs jo, which
may be used if desired.
According to another modification of my invention, the cylinder ;, and piston ³, and
its connections; the chain f; pulley f, and toothed wheels e, and e', are dispensed...
with, and the inner end of a spiral volute or other suitable spring is secured to the..
shaft d, and the outer end is secured to the shaft d³, or to a part from the under-i;
framing a.
Or in place of one spiral or volute spring two or more may be used arranged in like
manner.
}
These spiral springs (two being used by preference, one near the bearing at each
end of the shaft d,) are wound up by the shaft d, when the V grooved pulleys d', are
brought in contact with one or the other pair of friction wheels c', and e³, and the
force thus accumulated in the springs is given off to propel the vehicle forward when.
the grooved pulleys d', are in contact with the other pair of friction wheels.
It will only be necessary to arrange that when the vehicle is travelling one way the
wheels c¹, are used for winding up the springs and the wheels c³, for giving off the
accumulated force in the springs, and vice versa, the wheels c³, are used for winding up
the springs and the wheels c', for giving off their force, when the vehicle is travelling
in the reverse direction.
This is effected by working the lever handle 95, accordingly or the handle, may be
arranged to move in the same direction for winding up the springs at both ends, as to
affect this it will only be necessary to arrange the transmitting rods and levers
accordingly.
The piston rod; chain f³; pulley f; guide pulleys f'; gearing e, and e¹; and
brake mechanism k¹, to k³, inclusive, is enclosed by a thin sheet metal or other covering
to prevent mud from being thrown upon it when travelling.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is.
1. The application of a piston and cylinder. a trunk or drum and rolling
1

page_text: packing and cylinder or diaphragm apparatus and casing, for displacing the
atmosphere from a cylinder or casing in combination with mechanism for accumu-
lating the momentum of tram cars or other vehicles when in motion or being
stopped and using the power thus obtained for starting or assisting in starting the
said vehicles into motion again, substantially as herein before described and illustrated
by the drawings.
2. The combination of mechanism by which the momentum of tram cars and
other vehicles is accumulated by displacing the atmoshere from one end of a
cylinder and compressing air in the other end of the cylinder or casing substan-
tially as and for the purpose hereinbefore described and illustrated by the
drawings.
3. The combination of springs with the arrangements referred in the first or
second claim when used, substantially as and for the purpose herein before described
and illustrated by the drawings.
4. The combination of friction wheels on a shaft carried upon an oscillating
frame with internal and external friction wheels on the carrying wheels of the
vehicle, or one of the axles, substantially as and for the purpose hereinbefore
described and illustrated by the drawings.
5. The combination of brake mechanism with the friction wheel shaft carried
by the oscillating frame, whereby the said shaft may be held from rotating except
when in contact with the friction wheels substantially as and for the purpose
herein before described and illustrated by the drawings.
6. The combination of mechanism substantially as and for the purpose herein-
before described and illustrated by the drawings.
7. The combination and arrangement of mechanism substantially as and for the
purpose herein before described and illustrated by figs. 1 to 5 inclusive of the
drawings, when modified by substituting the combination hereinbefore described
and illustrated by figs. 7 and 8 of the drawings.
8. The combination and arrangement of mechanism substantially as and for the
purpose herein before described and illustrated by figs. 1 to 5 of the drawings,
when modified by substituting the arrangement, substantially as hereinbefore
described and illustrated by figs. 9 and 10 of the drawings.
9. The combination and arrangement of mechanism substantially as and for the
purpose hereinbefore described and illustrated by figs. 1 to 5 inclusive of the
drawings when modified by substituting a toothed rack and pinion or a V or other
friction bar and corresponding wheel respectively in place of the chain f³, and
pulley f, substantially as and for the purpose hereinbefore described.
10. The combination and arrangement of mechanism substantially as and for the
purpose hereinbefore described and illustrated by figs. 1 to 5 inclusive of the drawings,
when modified by substituting one or more spiral, volute or other suitable springs, in
place of the cylinder ;, and its connected parts, and the pulley f, and connected
gearing substantially as and for the purpose hereinbefore described.
Dated this Twenty-sixth day of March 1890.
PETER J. LIVSEY,
Agent.