An improved Engine Governor.
Year: 1890

page_text: Date of Application, 29th Mar., 1890
Complete Specification Left, 29th Dec., 1890--Accepted, 7th Feb., 1ċ91
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
An improved Engine Governor.
I, ROBERT MARTIN of 69 Hamilton Road, Liverpool in the County of Lancaster,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
:-
My invention relates to governors for steam and other fluid pressure engines and
consists in an improved construction or arrangement of said governors.
In carrying my invention into effect I connect the throttle valve or other parts
regulating the admission of steam or other fluids to a piston or float moving freely
in a vertical cylinder or vessel and floating upon the surface of water or other liquid
propelled into the bottom end of the cylinder or vessel by means of a helical worm
or Archimedean screw rotated in a casing by gearing or strap from the engine crank-
shaft. The cylinder or vessel has vertical slits or equivalent openings in its side
through which the liquid can escape into a chamber connected by a pipe to the
other end of the casing of the worm, so that while the engine speed remains uniform
the liquid will be maintained at an uniform level. As the speed increases, more
liquid will be sent into the cylinder or vessel than can escape through the slits or
equivalent openings at the previous level of the liquid and the latter and the piston
or float will rise till the outlet openings have been increased sufficiently to allow the
increased quantity of liquid to pass out. The piston or float is so connected to
the throttle valve or other regulating parts that its rise closes the valve or reduces
the admission of steam, and thus diminishes again the speed of the engine, after
which more liquid will escape from the cylinder than is supplied by the worm and
the piston or float will descend again. Arrangements for altering the size of the
escape openings may be applied.
Dated this 28th day of March 1890.
W. T. EMMOTT,
Agent for the Applicant.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
An Improved Engine Governor.
I, ROBERT MARTIN of 69 Hamilton Road, Liverpool in the County of Lancaster,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement :-
My invention relates to governors for steam and other fluid pressure engines and
consists in an improved construction or arrangement of said governors.
On the sheet of drawings appended hereunto my improved governor is shewn by
Figure 1 in end view partly in section and by Figure 2 in longitudinal section.
The improved governor consists mainly of a cylinder a in which a helical worm
or Archimedean screw bis rotated and forces water or other liquid supplied from a
cistern or tank c into a cylinder d in which a piston f rests upon the surface of the
liquid. The piston is connected to the throttle valve or other parts regulating the
admission of the steam or other fluid to the engine. The screw 6 is mounted upon
a shaft carried in bushes a³ at in the covers a¹ a² of the cylinder a, and is rotated
by means of the pulley 62 driven by a strap from the driving shaft of the engine
or motor. The tank or cistern e is formed upon the top of the cylinder and
supplies the latter with liquid through the opening c¹. As the Archimedean screw
is rotated, it forces the liquid to the other end of the cylinder a and through the
pipe into the cylinder d. The piston is preferably packed by means of cup
leathers ff secured by rings ff and has a piston rod f' attached to it guided

page_text: in the bracket g fixed upon the top of the cylinder d. The top end f* of the piston
rod is connected by links, rods, levers or their equivalents to the throttle-valve
or other parts regulating the admission of steam or other fluid to the engine in such
a manner, that a rise of the piston diminishes the pressure or admission of the fluid
and a sinking of the piston increases the same. In the lower end of the cylinder
one or several outlet orifices are arranged and connected to the tank c by pipes
fitted preferably with adjustable cocks or their equivalents. As the screw is
rotated at a suitable speed, it will lift or force water or other liquid into the
cylinder d and raise the piston till the quantity of water forced into the cylinder
equals that running out through the pipe or pipes . When the speed of the engine
increases, more water will be forced into the cylinder than runs out through the
pipes, and the piston will rise and thus the pressure or admission of the motive
fluid to the engine will be reduced and the engine speed diminished again, while if
the engine speed decreases, more water will flow out of the cylinder than is forced
in by the screw and the piston will sink, so that the admission or pressure of the
motive fluid are increased and the speed of the engine increased again. In this way
the engine speed is maintained uniform.
The normal speed of the engine can be varied and regulated by more or less
opening or closing the outlets by means of the cocks ; the larger the openings the
higher the speed of the screw must be in order to maintain the piston at its level.
The speed can also be regulated by increasing or diminishing the load or weight on
the piston and the pressure exercised by the latter upon the water.
This may be
done by putting on or taking off metal discs placed upon the piston or the piston
rod, but is more conveniently effected in the manner shewn on the drawing. The
bracket g carries an arm g' in which a lever is pivotted and connected by links h¹²
to a crosshead h³ fixed upon the piston rod f, the lever being formed with an eye
or slot for the piston rod to pass through. A weight h* can be shifted on the lever h
and fixed in its position, and as it is placed farther from or nearer to, the piston rod
will exercise a greater or less pressure upon the piston, which will increase or
diminish the outflow and to balance which the speed of the screw will have to be
increased or decreased, and the normal speed of the engine is thus regulated.
In some cases I omit the outflow opening or openings and regulating cock or
cocks and employ a piston only in the cylinder for maintaining the uniformity of
the speed. An Archimedean screw such as hereinbefore described when rotated will
raise the water in a standing pipe or cylinder to a certain height only, until the
back pressure of the column of water equals the forward pressure upon the same
exercised by the screw, or as it also may be expressed, till the backflow of water
caused by the head through the screw, assuming the same to be at rest, and the
leakage past the circumference of the screw, equals the forward flow imparted to
the liquid by the screw. In the governor the piston more or less loaded forms the
equivalent of the head of water in the standing pipe, and the screw rotated at a
certain speed will force the fluid against the piston so as to balance it, while if the
speed is reduced or increased, the piston will sink or rise and thus maintain the
engine at a uniform speed in the manner herein before described. The normal speed
can be varied or regulated by increasing the load on the piston.
In order to prevent leakage past the circumference of the Archimedean screw, a
leather band bent to an L shape may be fitted with one side to the blade so as to
lie with its other side against the inside of the cylinder a. The bearings for the
shaft b' are provided with suitable packing glands. The tank e can be filled through
a tundish c³. The details of the governor may be varied from those shewn on the
drawings.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is :
Firstly. The arrangement or construction of governors for fluid pressure engines
111

page_text: Secondly. In governors for fluid pressure engines the combination of an
Archimedean screw rotated in a cylinder closed at the ends, a tank or cistern com-
municating with said cylinder at one end, a pipe connecting the other end of said
cylinder to a vertical cylinder, and a weighted piston moveable in said vertical
cylinder and connected to the throttle-valve or other parts regulating the admission
of motive fluid to the engine substantially as herein before described and illustrated.
Thirdly. In governors for fluid pressure engines the combination of an Archimedean
screw rotated in a cylinder closed at the ends, a tank or cistern communicating with
said cylinder at one end, a pipe connecting the other end of said cylinder to a
vertical cylinder, a weighted piston moveable in said vertical cylinder and connected
to the throttle-valve or other parts regulating the admission of motive fluid to the
engine, and an outlet pipe or outlet pipes from the lower part of said vertical
cylinder to the tank or cistern, substantially as hereinbefore described and
illustrated.
Fourthly. The arrangement of adjustable cocks or their equivalents in the outlet
pipes referred to in the preceding claim for the purpose of varying or regulating the
speed of the engine.
Fifthly. In combination with governors in which liquid is forced by an Archimedean
screw against a piston connected to the throttle valve or other parts regulating the
admission of motive fluid to motors, the arrangement of a weight moveable on a
lever connected by links or their equivalent to the piston or piston rod for the
purpose of varying the speed of the motors.
Dated this 27th day of December 1890.
W. T. EMMOTT,
Agent for the Applicant.