Improvements in Screw Drivers, also applicable to the Handles of other Hand Tools.
Year: 1891

page_text: Date of Application, 23rd Oct., 1891
Complete Specification Left, 9th Jan., 1892-Accepted, 11th June, 1892
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Screw Drivers, also applicable to the Handles of
other Hand Tools.
We GEORGE MARTIN of 61 Brook Street Smethwick Glazier and EDWIN
RHEAD 10 Harborne Road Birmingham Bank Manager do hereby declare the
nature of our said invention to be as follows:
Our invention consists in an improved method of constructing screw drivers of
that class used by carpenters joiners, mechanics and others for driving screws, or
screwed parts. In driving wood or other screws according to our invention, we
cause a motion of rotation to be imparted to the screw by the rotation of the screw
driver given by the hand of the workman. The workman also has to exert end wise
pressure on the handle of the screw driver sufficient to prevent the point or edge
of the screw driver from slipping out of the nick in screw head. When the wood
is hard, or the hole is small, the pressure requires to be increased, unless this
pressure be maintained the point of the screw driver will slip out when the tool is
rotated.
In a screw driver constructed according to our invention the screw is driven
merely by applying endwise pressure only to the handle of the screw driver thus
ensuring that the slipping before alluded to shall not take place and also making it
possible to drive wood or other screws or screwed parts in a much simpler and more
expeditious manner than by the method now in use.
We will describe our invention thus; We form the point of the screw driver
upon the end of a quick threaded screw, preferably formed of a twisted bar of
steel or other suitable material, of proper section resembling the twisted bar in the
well known carpenters tool "the Archimedian screw brace." The handle of the
screw driver is of the usual shape externally, but is long enough to enable the quick
thread screw to be withdrawn into it through a hole along the axis of the handle.
At the outer end of the handle is affixed a suitable female screw or nut to engage
with the quick thread screw the outer end of which forms a point of the screw
driver. At a short distance from the point of the screw driver is formed a collar
to prevent it passing through the nut above described.
We may provide a helical spring tending to keep the quick thread screw with its
screw driver point extended.
In this case the spring would be concealed in the handle at its inner end. But
the use of this spring is optional, its use is to tend to keep the screw-driver
extended out of the handle.
The method of using the tool is as follows:-A hole having been bored in the
wood, if for a wood screw, the point of same is inserted the quick thread or
Archimedian screw being withdrawn to its greatest extent the point of the screw-
driver is then inserted in the nick of the head of the said screw and pressure is
applied to the end of the handle by the workman's hand, the nut in the handle thus
being pressed endwise, against the quick thread screw causes it to rotate and to
give the wood screw the necessary rotary motion to drive it home. To withdraw
the screw the tool is used in the same way as an ordinary screw driver the quick
thread being screwed into the nut as far as the collar before mentioned will permit.
We may make the outer end of the quick thread screw of a socket or chuck
form suitable for the reception of a tool to engage other screwed parts such as nuts,
a gimlet, or other required tool.
Dated 23rd October 1891.

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Screw Drivers, also applicable to the Handles of
other Hand Tools.
We, GEORGE MARTIN of 61 Brook Street Smethwick, Glazier, and EDWIN
RHEAD 10 Harborne Road Birmingham, Bank Manager, do hereby declare the
nature of our said invention and in what manner the same is to be performed,
to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
Our invention consists in an improved method of constructing screw drivers of
that class used by carpenters, joiners, mechanics, and others for driving screws, or
screwed parts.
In driving wood or other screws according to our invention, we cause a motion
of rotation to be imparted to the screw by the rotation of the screw driver given
by the hand of the workman. The workman also has to exert endwise
the handle of the screw driver sufficient to prevent the point or edge of the screw
pressure on
driver from slipping out of the nick in screw head. When the wood is hard, or
the hole is small, the pressure requires to be increased, unless this pressure be
maintained the point of the screw driver will slip out when the tool is rotated.
In a screw driver constructed according to our invention, the screw is driven
merely by applying end wise pressure only to the handle of the screw driver thus
ensuring that the slipping before alluded to shall not take place and also making it
possible to drive wood or other screws or screwed parts in a much simpler and more
expeditious manner than by the method now in use.
We will describe our invention thus: We form the point of the screw-driver
upon the end of a quick threaded screw, preferably formed of a twisted bar of
steel or other suitable material, of proper section resembling the twisted bar in the
well known carpenters tool "the Archimedian screw brace." The handle of the
screw driver is of the usual shape externally, but is long enough to enable the quick
thread screw to be withdrawn into it through a hole along the axis of the handle.
As the outer end of the handle is affixed a suitable female screw or nut to engage
with the quick thread screw the outer end of which forms a point of the screw
driver. At a short distance from the point of the screw driver is formed a collar
to prevent it passing through the nut above described.
We
may provide a helical spring tending to keep the quick thread screw with its
screw driver point extended.
In this case the spring would be concealed in the handle at its inner end. But
the use of this spring is optional. Its use is to tend to keep the screw driver
extended out of the handle.
The method of using the tool is as follows--A hole having been bored in the
wood, if for a wood screw, the point of same is inserted the quick thread or
Archimedian screw being withdrawn to its greatest extent the point of the screw
driver is then inserted in the nick of the head of the said screw and pressure is
applied to the end of the handle by the workman's hand. The nut in the handle
thus being pressed endwise, against the quick thread screw causes it to rotate and
to give the wood screw the necessary rotary motion to drive it home. To withdraw
the screw the tool is used in the same way as an ordinary screw driver the quick
thread being screwed into the nut as far as the collar before mentioned will
permit.
We may make the outer end of the quick thread screw of a socket or chuck
form suitable for the reception of a tool to engage other screwed parts, such as nuts,
a gimlet or other required tool.
And in order that this our said invention may be more clearly understood, we will
now proceed to describe the same, reference being made to the sheet of drawings

page_text: to say :-
Fig. 1 is a view in elevation, partly sectional, of our invention "
in its simplest and cheapest form, and when not in use.
Fig. 2 is a similar view, but preparatory to being used.
Fig. 3, is a view in elevation sectional shewing position for use.
Figs. 4 and 5, are views in elevation as modifications of above.
a screw driver,"
The same letters of reference upon each figure; indicate like or corresponding
parts.
a is the point or blade, for engaging with the nick of the screw to be driven, in
connection with the socket or chuck, b, which is permanently secured to the quick
thread screw c. d, is the handle provided with the hole e, of a length sufficient to
receive and conceal c. When withdrawn as Fig. 1,- is the ferrule constructed
as a female screw or nut corresponding in its thread to c, upon which it is fed,
working freely, being secured to d, by the ears or projections g, g, with screws but
the screw nut could be used by affixing to the lower part of d, and using the ferrule
to conceal the same, is a collar resting upon f and prevents separation of parts.
In Fig. 2, we shew the helical spring, i, arranged at the top of the hole e, bearing
upon c, at h and forcing it out as, Fig. 3, which is the position required to effect the
purpose, Fig. 3, the upper part is constructed as a receptacle to hold such tools as a
gimlet, drill, spanner for nuts &c. provided with the lid d' screwed on at d². In
some cases for simplicity and cheapness, the blade a could be affixed to the screw c
at the end, preferably by brazing, or the end of c, could be flattened out and formed
as a, b would then be dispensed with.
Figs. 4 and 5 is a modification of above, Fig. 4, in place of c, the quick thread
screw, we employ its equivalent a tube e¹ with a spiral slot c², this tube is fixed in
the interior of the tube m, which is secured to the handle d, the lower part of m,.
has a pin fixed as n, the point of which enters the spiral slot, and by pressure a d,
the pin remaining stationary imparts the motion to c¹ and a and in the manner and
for the purposes above set forth.
Fig. 5, the parts are here transposed the tube m, having the spiral slot c³ and
the tube or bar c' being plain, the pin n being fixed to this, the motion being the
same.
If for a wood screw, the hole is first made in the wood in the usual manner, and
the point of same inserted, the handle d is taken with its blade a extended effected
by its own weight, or by the power of i the blade a is engaged with the nick of the
screw and a downward pressure given to d the nut fupon c or pin n, with the
spiral slot gives a motion of rotation to c or c¹ which is conveyed to the screw
by a, and thereby driven one advantage gained if the spring i is employed is to
impart a continuous motion or approaching thereto, without the necessity of
removing the blade a, from the nick in the screw and then having to replace it.
When the spring i is used it will be imperative to use the stud or projection ; to
pass up the slot k, and by a movement in the proper direction engage in the cross
slot I, tais is well known in mechanics as the bayonet catch.
The above being our invention we wish to observe in conclusion that we do not
limit ourselves to the precise details or arrangement of parts herein specified and
shewn but we may modify the same without departing from the principle.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed we declare that what we
claim is
1st. The construction of a વ
'screw driver" having a handle or stock d and
provided with the hole e, to receive a quick thread screw bar c, engaging with
and actuated by the female correspondingly screwed nut f, for imparting a rotary
motion to c, and to a, the blade and thence to the wood screw being driven,
substantially as herein before set forth and described and illustrated by
Figs. 1, 2, 3.

page_text: 2nd. The construction of "
a screw driver" having a handle or stock d, with
tube m, thereto, and tube c' either of which may have a spiral slot c³ and pin n in
same for imparting a rotary motion to c¹ and to a, the blade and thence to the wood
screw being driven, substantially as herein before set forth and described and
illustrated by Figs. 4 and 5.
3rd. The general construction combination and arrangement of parts substan-
tially as herein before described in the foregoing Specification and shewn on the
accompanying sheet of drawings.
DOL
3000
THOS. KENDRICK,
Agent.