matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
AN IMPROVED MODE OF ATTACHING BUTTONS TO GARMENTS AND OTHER ARTICLES TO WHICH BUTTONS MAY BE APPLIED
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Hugh Andrews and John Andrews
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on the
16th February 1864.
We, HUGH ANDREWS and JOHN ANDREWS, both of Thurlow Lodge, Penge,
in the County of Surrey, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "AN IMPROVED MODE OF ATTACHING BUTTONS TO GARMENTS AND OTHER
ARTICLES TO WHICH BUTTONS MAY BE APPLIED," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists of an improved mode of attaching buttons to articles
of dress, and for other purposes, in a cheap, simple, and efficient manner
without sewing same as commonly practised.
The following are examples of the mode of accomplishing the object of this
Invention:-We take a botton of metal, cloth, or other substance or material
without a sbank, and having formed a hole through the centre of same,
proceed to pass through said hole a piece of metal bent or doubled into the
shape of the letter T, the ends terminating at the bottom of the upright portion
of said letter, and we proceed to attach the button thus arranged to any article
by making a hole in the material of which the article is made, and then pass
the aforesaid upright portion through said hole, and afterwards open and spread
out in opposite directions the ends of the doubled piece of metal aforesaid, by
which the button will be securely attached to the desired article, and may be

page_text: readily detached therefrom by straighterning the bent ends and withdrawing
same out of the material as may be desired. This improved mode of
attaching buttons is especially adapted for articles requiring to be washed
frequently.
IMPROVEMENTS IN FUEL
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Milnes at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 15th April
1864.
I, JOHN MILNES, of Gloucester, in the County of Gloucester, Contractor,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
FUEL," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in taking peat and mixing it with culm, slack,
small coal, coal brash, or refuse of coal, which I prefer to be mixed in equal
portions, and the same may if required be squeezed or pressed into compact
masses or blocks, and will be then fit for use as fuel, and be much improved.
in quality. I can also mix peat with coal brash and the earthy substance
which is found in combination with it or with clay.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BRUSHES
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Goodall and Phillip Goodall
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on
the 28th October 1864.
We, JAMES GOODALL, of South Hackney, in the County of Middlesex,
and PHILLIP GOODALL, of Spitalfields, in the same County, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN BRUSHES," to be as
follows:-
Our Invention consists in adapting to the back of the brush to which our
apparatus is to be applied a flexible air chamber, which is maintained dis-
tended by the action of springs situated within the same. The upper side of
the said air chamber may be composed of wood, metal, or other suitable
material, and the sides of leather, gutta percha, indian-rubber, or other
equivalent elastic and flexible material. These said elastic and flexible sides
may be secured to the back of the brush and to the upper side of the said
air chamber by nails, rivets, cement, or other suitable attachment, and may be
ornamented as occasion may require. In the spaces between the bristles, or at
any convenient points in the face of the brush, according to the purpose for
which it is intended to be used, we have holes pierced through the back of
the brush, and so communicating with the inside of the above-named air
chamber, the air filling the air chamber through the said holes, and being
blown out by the pressure on the back of the brush in the act of brushing,
thereby causing the air chamber to collapse and so blow away the dust from
the article that is being brushed, and also cleanse the bristles from the dust

page_text: that would accumulate among them. In the case of brushes with handles,
such as clothes brushes and the like, which are mostly used on the fore part,
we affix the upper side of our air chamber as aforesaid by a hinge or
equivalent fastening to the hinder end of the brush, so that the air chamber
may be most extended in the fore part where the brush is mostly used.
IMPROVEMENTS IN: WORKING GUNS AND MATTERS RELATING THERETO
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Walker at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 2nd April
1864.
I, JOHN WALKER, of the City Road, in the County of Middlesex, Engineer,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN:
WORKING GUNS AND MATTERS RELATING THERETO," to be as follows, that is.
to say:-
My Invention consists, in making and fixing hydraulic machinery on board™
ships, forts, and floating batteries in the following manner :-I place two or more:
cylinders at any convenient distance apart and in connection with each other.
by a pipe or pipes, so that oil, water, or other fluids may pass rapidly from one-
cylinder to another, the connecting pipe to assume any shape most convenient;
for the position in which it may require to be placed. In each cylinder I place
or fit a ram or piston of the desired size supporting a properly constructed
platform to carry one or more guns; these cylinders are fixed on the centre of
the gun deck, and are connected with a cistern and force pump to raise the
rams and guns into their proper places before going into action, but in cases
where a gun of great weight is used, and great strength is required, the plat-
forms may be fixed on one or more rams as may at any time be found
necessary.
The essential feature of my Invention is, the balancing of the guns by
placing them on separated rams or pistons moving up and down in cylinders
filled with water or other fluids, as aforesaid, communicating with each other

page_text: by a pipe or pipes in whatever position, these cylinders may be placed, so that as
one gun is raised to be fired the other descends to be re-loaded by the men
who are then protected below by the sides of the ship from danger, the guns
being also thereby covered from injury arising from shot. Guns worked on
this plan need not be breech-loading as there is sufficient room on each side of
the vessel for the men to sponge and load without turning the guns round,
which can be fired in every direction, and being placed along the centre of the
ship, and below the centre of gravity when down, will enable her to have great
speed without rolling, and also allow the gunners to fire under water if
required.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SEWING MACHINES
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Cooper at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 5th February
1864.
I, JOSEPH COOPER, of Deptford, in the County of Kent, Engineer, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN SEWING
MACHINES," to be as follows:-
These improvements consist in this,-The crank axle of the crank arrange-
ment (such as is used in sewing machines provided with loopers) for working
the needle bar thereof I enclose in a collar which is secured by means of
screws (or their equivalents) to the under side of the bed plate of the machine.
This collar differs from such as heretofore used inasmuch as it does not form
part of the band wheel, which according to my improvements is separate and
distinct from the said collar, having itself a projecting collar with a screw for
adjusting it on the crank axle. The face of the band wheel I provide with a
groove, and in it I secure a pin or stud on the end of a lever, the other end
of which is double-jointed or provided with universal jointing, by which it is
connected to a lever secured to the end of a right-angle lever (centred to the
under side of the bed plate) or connected by any equivalent (for the said
right-angle lever), the looper being attached to the other end of the right-
angle lever by a set screw arrangement and guide for the looper, being
provided at its blank, end with an adjusting screw for regulating the action
of the same.

page_text: By these arrangements I am enabled to regulate the throw of the looper,
and to adjust the action to that of the needle, which I do by unscrewing the
adjusting screw of the band wheel, and shifting the position of the said band
wheel in relation to the groove on its face, also by shifting the pin of lever in
said groove, the guide for the lever being adjusted when necessary.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BRUSHES
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederick Coney, at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 10th May
1864.
I, FREDERICK CONEY, of Waterloo Road, in the County of Surrey, Brush
Maker, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN BRUSHES," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in constructing and combining brushes in such
manner that in one bulk brushes for different purposes may be combined as
hereafter described. I make a brush holder in the form of a hollow box
or case, and fill one, two, or more sides with bristles to suit any purpose
required, while velvet or other pile fabric may be secured to one or more of
the sides not furnished with bristles. I then insert in the hollow holder
another brush, or brush and bottle, and provide a space between the back of
this brush and the bristles for a comb. For dressing purposes I make the
back of this interior brush of silvered glass.
AN APPARATUS FOR COMMUNICATING MOTION FROM ONE RAILWAY CARRIAGE TO ANOTHER IN A TRAIN, APPLICABLE FOR SIGNALING BETWEEN PASSENGERS, GUARD, AND DRIVER, FASTENING AND UNFASTENING THE CARRIAGE DOORS, WORKING THE BREAKS, AND OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Milligan at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 16th August
1864.
I, WILLIAM MILLIGAN, of Bradford, in the County of York, Merchant, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN APPARATUS FOR
COMMUNICATING MOTION FROM ONE RAILWAY CARRIAGE TO ANOTHER IN A TRAIN,
APPLICABLE FOR SIGNALING BETWEEN PASSENGERS, GUARD, AND DRIVER, FASTENING
AND UNFASTENING THE CARRIAGE DOORS, WORKING THE BREAKS, AND OTHER
PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists of a shaft placed longitudinally along the roof or
other convenient part of each carriage in suitable bearings, and capable of
rotating therein, and a boss fixed on each end of the shaft, or in connection
therewith with one, two, or a series of arms projecting at right angles or other
suitable angle from the shaft. These arms may be joined together at their
extremities by a rim, and thus form a wheel. One arm in each is either
provided with a stud pin projecting outwardly, and capable of ready removal,
or the arm is constructed with a joint, so that part of it may be turned out-
wardly, and thereby form a projecting pin. These arms are so fixed on
the shafts that when the several carriages in a train are in position, the
projecting pin on one shaft will enter betwixt the arms on the adjoining shaft,
and thereby form a connection or loose coupling of the shafts of each carriage,
and consequently when motion is given to any of the shafts it will be com-
municated to all the others in a train. These shafts may be employed by the

page_text: passengers to signal to the guard and driver by having a pulley, lever, or
other appliance connected with the said shaft over cach compartment of a
carriage with a cord, chain, strap, rod, or other suitable apparatus attached
thereto, and passing into the interior of the carriage, so that by actuating
such apparatus the shafts will be put in motion, so as to agitate a bell at cach
end of the train, or cause to be produced any other signalizing effect. Tho
guard and driver may put the shaft in motion by having a handle or wheel at
each end of the line of shafting or simply by using the coupling arms or wheels
for the purpose. The fastening and unfastening of the carriage doors may be
effected by levers and rods, racks and pinions, or other suitable apparatus in
connection with such shafts. Also the breaks may be worked by such
shafts in connection with any ordinary apparatus, and this means admits of a
separate break being applied and worked on each carriage in a train.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ADJUSTING DAGGERS TO REVOLVERS AND OTHER PISTOLS
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henri Adrien Bonneville at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on.
the 18th January 1864.-A communication from Leon Lambin and
Toussaint Theate, residing at Liège, in the Kingdom of Belgium.
I, HENRI ADRIEN BONNEVILLE, Patent Agent, of the British and Foreign-
Patent Offices, 24, Rue du Mont Thabor, Paris, in the Empire of France,
and 38, Porchester Terrace, Bayswater, in the County of Middlesex,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN ADJUSTING DAGGERS TO REVOLVERS AND OTHER PISTOLS," communicated
to me by Leon Lambin and Toussaint Theate, persons residing at Liege,
in the Kingdom of Belgium, to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in a system of adjustment of daggers to revolvers
and other pistols, by means of which they may be taken off and put on without
the use of any tool whatever.
The Figures of the annexed Drawing represent Fig. 1 the application of this
system to a marine revolver pistol, and Fig. 2 the application to an ordinary
revolver. Both pistols are of the Lefaucheux make.
Figure 1.-A, dagger blade; B, crotchet which enters under the breech;
C, projecting part of barrel entering a corresponding opening in the blade A ;
D, spring fixed to the blade and worked by the pin E; F, end of a piston
fixed to the spring D, and entering an opening worked in the projecting
part C under the pressure of the spring in order to hold the whole in place..

page_text: Fig. 2. A, dagger blade; B, dagger handle; C, pin entering under
the breech of pistol; D, srew, which in the ordinary pistols holds the part
C; E, socket or ring fastened to the dagger and sliding over the end of
barrel.
IMPROVE-- MENTS IN PRODUCING COLOR FROM ANILINE.
Year: 1864

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Adolph Hermann Alvin Pflughaupt, of the City of
Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, for the Invention of "IMPROVE--
MENTS IN PRODUCING COLOR FROM ANILINE.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Adolph Hermann Alvin
Pflughaupt at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his
Petition, on the 4th August 1864.
I, ADOLPH HERMANN ALVIN PFLUGHAUPT, of the City of Manchester, in the
County of Lancaster, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN PRODUCING COLOR FROM ANILINE," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in the production of rosaniline salts or magenta by
the action of the oxygen of atmospheric air at an elevated temperature upon
neutral salts of the aniline of commerce (and which contains toluidine), such
as sulphate, phosphate, hydrochlorate, acetate, oxalate, or other similar salts
mixed with a substance which is capable of neutralizing that part of the acid
of the aniline salt which is liberated during the transformation of the salt of
aniline into the corresponding salt of rosaniline, the mixture being made under
such circumstances that in consequence of the mixture of the above substances
no free aniline is disengaged. Such substances are, first, oxides and hydrated

page_text: oxides of metals; second, salts of metals, with acids of more feeble affinity than
the acids of the aniline salts, such as carbonates and acetates; third, mineral
salts of a basic nature, that is to say, which still possess the power of satu-
rating acids; fourth, organic substances of basic nature, such as those known
to chemists as the picoline series.
To facilitate the oxidation, I add to the mixture of aniline salt with the
basic substance neutral substances of such nature as will allow of the diffusion
of atmospheric air through the mass, such as pumice stone in powder, gypsum,
asbestos, common salt, or neutral porous powders generally, or the substance
added may be of such a nature as to give off oxygen by heat alone, such as
peroxide of barium. The proportions between the salt of aniline employed
and the neutralizing body may be varied according to their chemical relations.
I give as a type the following mixture, which I have found to be effective:-
One pound of commercial carbonate of magnesia, and five pounds of dry
hydrochlorate of aniline, well mixed together, and to this is added twenty-five
pounds, or thereabouts, of dry common salt. The mixture is heated in any
convenient manner in shallow pans or vessels, which may be covered, but not
so tight as to prevent the air from entering from 290° to 310° Fahrenheit till
no more red color is produced. To extract the red color from the crude mass
obtained by my process, I wash it with cold water, when a diluent soluble in
water is used, such as common salt, until the diluent is all or nearly all
removed, and then boil out the color with water. When a diluent insoluble
or sparingly soluble in water has been used, the washing with cold water is
unnecessary, and I boil out with water at once.
In either case the extract by boiling water contains the red dye.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN ORDNANCE' AND SMALL-ARMS
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Saunders Prowse, Henry
Duke, and Thomas Clayton at the Office of the Commissioners of
Patents, with their Petition, on the 7th October 1864.
We, ROBERT SAUNDERS PROWSE, Shipowner, HENRY DUKE, Ship Smith,
and THOMAS CLAYTON, Book-keeper, all of Liverpool, in the County of
Lancaster, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN ORDNANCE' AND SMALL-ARMS," to be as follows:-
Our improvements consist in casting, forging, building up, or otherwise
constructing guns with the internal spaces or chambers of an oblong, say with
the corners rounded off, or considerably elongated form in transverse section,
and somewhat similar in length to those now in use, the object being to
provide guns of any size capable of throwing bar shot side foremost amongst
or against ship's rigging, or elsewhere, and to throw at once and over a largo
area canister or grape shot, instead of firing shot and other projectiles, circular
or nearly so in transverse section, as hitherto has been the practice.
In a gun constructed in conformity with our Invention of considerable
width or depth we prefer to have the greatest length in a horizontal line.
An unequal force or impulse would be given to the bar or projectile employed
in its entire length by the time taken to burn all the gunpowder if the
ordinary single "touch-hole" or "nipple" was employed; we therefore
construct our said guns each with several "touch-holes" or "nipples," so that
the whole of the gunpowder may be exploded at the same instant.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SHAPING MACHINES, ALSO APPLICABLE TO OTHER MACHINERY
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Winter at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 29th January
1864.
I, WILLIAM WINTER, of Leeds, in the County of York, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN SHAPING MACHINES,
ALSO APPLICABLE TO OTHER MACHINERY," to be as follows :-
The objects of my Invention are, firstly, to simplify those parts of shaping
machines by which the arm carrying the tool box and cutters is actuated;
secondly, to make the application of the power to the said arm more direct;
thirdly, to obtain a quick return stroke of the said arm; and, lastly, to make
the whole machine more compact.
For this purpose through a slotted hole within the arm carrying the tool
box I pass a bolt, having a nut on the upper end to fix it to any desired
position along the slot; whilst the lower end is shaped into a female joint to
receive the male formed on the head of a pin which slides within a socket
formed on the upper end of what I term an expansive link. This link has a
fulcrum at its lower end, and the intermediate part having a slotted hole cut
within it, it is actuated by a pin working within the slot and attached to a
grooved disc (to enable the length of stroke to be varied in the ordinary
manner) affixed to the second motion shaft. By this arrangement it will be
evident that the requisite horizontal motion may be imparted to the arm and
cutter of the machine by means of the expansive link before named; the
curvilinear motion imparted to the link being neutralized by the action of the

page_text: socket and joint before named; or the effects of such curvilinear motion may
be neutralized by continuing the slotted hole before described as forming the
intermediate part of the link to the upper extremity of the same, or by
forming another slot on the upper extremity of the link, a pin attached to the
arm carrying the cutter working within and receiving motion from the slot.
It is also evident that great simplicity of parts is obtained; that the link
being connected to the under part of the cutter arm the action is direct,
though the said link may likewise be connected, if desired, to the side or
sides of the cutter arm. Compactness is obtained in consequence of the link
and its actuating parts being underneath the arm and within the box frame
I prefer to use, whilst a quick return stroke is insured by virtue of the inter-
mediate slotted hole and pin actuating the same.
IMPROVEMENTS IN REVOLVING HAIR BRUSHES, AND IN THE MECHANISM FOR WORKING THE SAME
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Jean Bessac at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 30th April
1864.
I, JEAN BESSAC, of Charente, in the Empire of France, but temporarily of
4, South Street, Finsbury, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN REVOLVING HAIR
BRUSHES, AND IN THE MECHANISM FOR WORKING THE SAME," to be as follows, that
is to say:
My Invention relates to improvements in the mode and mechanism for
working revolving hair brushes, and which are as follows:-
I set the brush on a tube provided internally with a female archimedean
screw in which works a male archimedean screw or screws, right or left
handed, together or separately, moved to and fro by one or both hands, thereby
giving to the brush a horizontal or circular motion. The brush may also be
made so as to work by means of wheels and pinions and ratchets placed in
opposite directions, so that the hand being turned to the right or left the
brush is caused to revolve one way only. To keep the brush steady a frame-
work attached to it is placed against the breast of the person using the brush,
and which acts as a support to the brush while in motion.
Another arrangement of mechanism for working the brush consists in
making a false bottom to the chair on which sits the persons to be operated on.
When the brush is to be used a stop is moved in the chair, when the weight
of the person presses down the false bottom, which, by means of a rack, gives

page_text: motion to a pinion communicating with a pulley or pulleys furnished with an
elastic band passing over a pulley on the brush, which is conveniently mounted
on a suitable shaft or axle with handles, thus giving to it a rotatory motion," or
the same motion may be obtained by a rack on the false bottom of the chair
acting on suitable gearing. As soon as the person rises from the chair the
false bottom is caused to take its original position by means of a spring or
other suitable mechanism,.
IMPROVED POWDER MAGAZINES AND RECEPTACLES FOR STORING OR KEEPING GUNPOWDER OR OTHER EXPLOSIVE MATERIALS, AND IMPROVED VESSELS AND VEHICLES FOR TRANSPORTING EXPLOSIVE MATERIALS FROM PLACE TO PLACE
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Hookham at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 24th
October 1864.
I, RICHARD HOOKнAм, of Regent's Park, in the County of Middlesex,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVED POWDER
MAGAZINES AND RECEPTACLES FOR STORING OR KEEPING GUNPOWDER OR OTHER
EXPLOSIVE MATERIALS, AND IMPROVED VESSELS AND VEHICLES FOR TRANSPORTING
EXPLOSIVE MATERIALS FROM PLACE TO PLACE," to be as follows:-
The nature of my said Invention consists in the construction of water-tight
impermeable magazines or receptacles for gunpowder and other explosive
materials which are to be supplied with water or non-inflammable media, and
in these water-tight magazines or receptacles waterproof or impermeable
powder casks or cases are to be placed, in which the gunpowder or explosive
material would be contained.
In order the more perfectly to insure the powder or explosive materials
against any chance of ignition and explosion, I would provide for the sur-
rounding of the said casks or cases by the water or non-inflammable media,
by supporting or suspending the same by means of framework or supports of
suitable metal or material, so that each cask or case will be kept from contact
from the top, bottom, and sides of the magazine or receptacle, and from each
other. Such a receptacle being mounted on wheels would form a carriage or

page_text: vehicle of conveyance, and with handles would be suitable for being placed in
and removed from vehicles, or in. and from vessels, as ships, barges, and the
like. Or vessels might be constructed with such receptacles forming part of
their structure.
IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR HEATING THE FEED WATER OF STEAM BOILERS
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alfred Vincent Newton at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
7th March 1864.-A communication from abroad by Benjamin Lathrop,
of Detroit, in the State of Michigan, United States of America.
I, ALFRED VINCENT NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery Lane,
in the County of Middlesex, Mechanical Draughtsman, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR HEATING THE
FEED WATER OF STEAM BOILERS," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in the application to a steam cylinder of two or
more heater exhaust valves in addition to the ordinary condenser exhaust,
and arranged in relation to the same and to the ordinary steam piston in such
a manner that the heater exhaust will open with the usual lead of the exhaust
valve into the condenser, the condenser exhaust waiting upon it such a period
of time as in practice the greatest economy in the working of the engine
will direct. By this arrangement a portion of the exhaust steam passes
into the heater and raises the temperature of the feed water to nearly
212 degrees, or from 100 to 120° above the usual temperature in the
hot well without obstructing in the least the motion of the piston or

page_text: the correct operation of any part of the engine, and by connecting the lower
part of the steam chamber in the heater with the feed pump the said heater is
kept clear of water and the boilers are supplied to the extent of condensation
in the heater with fresh water.
IMPROVEMENTS IN POWER LOOMS
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henri Parent Delannoy at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 23rd
February 1864.
I, HENRI PARENT DELANNOY, Manufacturer, of Paris, in the Empire of
France, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN POWER LOOMS," to be as follows:-
These improvements allow of working as many as twenty reeds in a power
loom, and of raising or lowering them at will, and of putting two hundred and
fifty threads in the pattern. They consist, as represented in the annexed Draw-
ing, which is a plan view of part of a power loom, in placing above the lifting
wires A usually employed in these looms two rollers B, B', united by a strap C,
and which receive a rotatory movement in opposite directions and alternately by
means of a driving band D passing on the roller B. These rollers placed above
two metal plates E, E¹, give them a come-and-go movement by means of the
driving bands F, F, and G, G, which connect the roller B with the plate E¹,
and the roller B¹ with the plate E. These plates act on projections H existing
on the lifting wires, so that these latter are brought to their resting point at
each movement of the plates. The lifting wires placed in the lower part of
the loom are like the upper ones provided with projections, and are worked in
a similar way by a system of rollers, plates, and straps moved by an excentric
P fixed on the arbor I of the batten and working the lever R. These lifting.
wires work horizontally, whereas those placed above, and seen in the Drawing..

page_text: are slightly bent, so that the driver on the side of the card roller passes above
the lower extremities, and the other driver on the contrary acts under the
other ends. On the arbor I which works the batten J of the loom is fixed an
excentric K, which is adapted to a lever L, which by means of a crotchet
turns the cylinder M which carries the cards.
AN IMPROVED LIGHTING COMPOSITION, AND AN IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR LIGHTING, TOGETHER WITH THE EMPLOYMENT OF PYROPHOROUS MATERIALS FOR THE LIGHTING OF CIGARS, PIPES, AND OTHER ARTICLES
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Archibald Brooman at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
24th November 1864.-A communication from abroad by Charles de
Changy, of Brussels, Belgium.
I, RICHARD ARCHIBALD BROOMAN, of 166, Fleet Street, in the City of
London, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"AN IMPROVED LIGHTING COMPOSITION, AND AN IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR LIGHTING,
TOGETHER WITH THE EMPLOYMENT OF PYROPHOROUS MATERIALS FOR THE LIGHTING
OF CIGARS, PIPES, AND OTHER ARTICLES," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in the manufacture of an improved pyrophorous
composition, in the employment of pyrophorous substances or compositions,
and polisulphurets for lighting cigars, pipes, and other articles, and in appa-
ratus to be used therein. The improved composition is formed of a mixture
of about five per cent. of oxide of calcium, or of about fifteen per cent. of
sulphate of calcium, or of carbonate of lime with coal finely divided and
calcined at a dull red.
The apparatus consists of a box, tube, or case formed with a reservoir for
holding the before-mentioned material, and with a distributor for placing so
much of the pyrophorous material, as is to be burnt, in contact with the air.
The accompanying Drawings represent, by way of example, several forms of

page_text: apparatus constructed according to this Invention. R is the reservoir for the
pyrophorous material; C is the compartment where the material is burnt;
D, the distributor; and O, an opening by which the material is introduced
into the reservoir R.
AN IMPROVEMENT APPLICABLE TO WHIPS, UMBRELLAS, AND PARASOLS, AND WALKING STICKS, AND CANES
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Shirley Cadman at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 12th
November 1864.
I, CHARLES SHIRLEY CADMAN, of Burlington Arcade, in the County of
Middlesex, Whip and Umbrella Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVEMENT APPLICABLE TO WHIPS, UMBRELLAS,
AND PARASOLS, AND WALKING STICKS, AND CANES," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to the fitting of riding and driving whips, umbrellas,
parasols, and walking canes or sticks with detachable handles, so that in the
event of the wearing out of the whip or umbrella, or breakage of the stick,
or at the pleasure of the owner, the handle, which is not unfrequently the
most costly part of the article, may be readily detached and applied to another
stick. To this end I fit the end of the stick with a slightly conical plug,
which plug carries at its end a strong socket pin for giving steadiness to the
joint, and from this pin projects a short stud. The handle is formed with a
metal socket to receive the plug and its socket pin, and it is suitably slotted
to form with the stud projecting from the socket pin a bayonet joint, that
when fastened will draw the plug tight into the socket. A firm junction
of the stick and handle is thus effected, which will admit of their ready
detachment when required.
IMPROVEMENTS IN WELDING IRON AND OTHER METALS
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry John Standly and William
Prosser at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 4th October 1864.
We, HENRY JOHN STANDLY, of Cockspur Street, in the City of West-
minster, and WILLIAM PROSSER, of Saint John's Wood, in the County of
Middlesex, Gentlemen, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN WELDING IRON AND OTHER METALS," to be as follows:-
Our Invention consists in the employment of hydrogen or its compounds,
alone or mixed with oxygen, atmospheric air, or other gases projected from
one or more blow pipes, for the purpose of welding plates or masses of iron
and other metals.
In applying our Invention we prefer to use a holder for containing the
bydrogen or its compounds, and another for containing the other gas or gases,
with pipes leading into a mixing chamber at the base of the blow pipe.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PREPARING SHEETS OF PAPER OR CARDBOARD FOR HOLDING. PHOTOGRAPHS AND OTHER ARTICLES
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Louis Prang at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 30th April 1864.-
A communication from abroad by Lewis A. Roberts, of Boston, in the
State of Massachusetts, in the United States of America.
I, LOUIS PRANG, of Boston, in the State of Massachusetts, in the United
States of America, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN PREPARING SHEETS OF PAPER OR CARDBOARD FOR HOLDING.
PHOTOGRAPHS AND OTHER ARTICLES," a communication to me from abroad by
Lewis A. Roberts, of Boston, in the State of Massachusetts, in the United
States of America, to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in stamping or otherwise making a recess or recesses
of about the depth and size of the photograph or other article to be held in
sheets of paper or cardboard, and in cutting or stamping a slit in each corner
of each recess; the slits are made either at the same time, or before or after
the recesses, and the corners of the photograph or other article to be held are
inserted into the said slits. The sheets of paper or cardboard so prepared
may be used in the construction of books for the preservation of photographs,
cards, pictures, or other articles, the recesses not only serving to protect the
photographs or other articles from injury, but also to aid with the slits in
keeping them in their places.
AN IMPROVED ENVELOPE FRAME FOR THE USE OF PHOTOGRAPHERS AND OTHERS
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Bernard Schott at tho Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 20th September
1864.
I, JOHN BERNARD SCHOTT, of 92, London Road, Southwark, in the County
of Surrey, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"AN IMPROVED ENVELOPE FRAME FOR THE USE OF PHOTOGRAPHERS AND OTHERS," to
be as follows:-
The object of my Invention is to furnish photographers and others with an
envelope, in which one or more photographs or "cartes de visite" may be
enclosed in such wise that upon opening the envelope the "carte de visite" or
the uppermost one, if several are enclosed, will be at once visible encased in a
frame, and appearing as if fitted into what is usually known as a passe
partout," but without a glass covering.
I
I purpose effecting this by taking, say, an oblong sheet of paper, millboard,.
or other suitable material (paper stretched on linen for example), one end of
which I cut to the usual shape of the overlap of an envelope, and near tho
extremity of which I cut out an oval, oblong, or other shaped piece, leaving
an opening of the shape of the photograph I purpose enclosing (this opening
or frame may be surrounded by embossing, gilding, or other ornamentation).
I fold the part carrying this opening over on to the body of the sheet of
paper
or other material, to which I fasten this overlap at top and bottom with gum,
paste, or other adhesive substance, thus forming at one end of my oblong
shect a case open only on one side, by which the photographs are inserted, the

page_text: upper one appearing framed in the opening cut out of the overlap. Tho part
containing the photographs is then folded over on to the sheet, tho end cut
and gummed like an ordinary envelope, overlap brought over, and the envelope
is closed, leaving the usual back for address. The paper on the right of the
photograph, and upon which the case or frame folds, that is to say, the inner
face of that part which carries the address, gives space for writing a letter or
note. I have stated that I use an oblong sheet of paper or other material, but
it will be evident that this shape is not obligatory.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN FIRE-ARMS AND PROJECTILES
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Plaister Harriss at the.
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
28th October 1864.
I, JAMES PLAISTER HARRISS, of Stanley Hall, in the County of York,
Esquire, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN FIRE-ARMS AND PROJECTILES," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to giving to projectiles fired from smooth-bored
barrels rotary or revolving motion, either in the vertical plane or in the hori-
zontal plane of the axis of the barrel.
My Invention consists in the arrangements herein-after described. I make
two longitudinal grooves in an ordinary smooth-bore barrel. For rotation in
the vertical plane one groove runs along the top of the bore of the barrel,
forming an upper boundary of the vertical plane, and the other along the
bottom forming a lower boundary. For rotation in the horizontal plane the
grooves are similarly placed, so as to form left-hand and right-hand boundaries
of the horizontal plane. These pairs of grooves may be of various forms
and proportions. I use spherical projectiles, round which I apply an addi-
tional band or ring of similar form and proportions to the grooves into which
it has to enter. In this band or ring there are cavities, or in the part of the
projectile round which the ring runs there are cavities. When the projectile
is placed in the barrel the openings of these cavities are towards the charge.
The projectiles are generally furnished with a "sabot." One form of "sabot"
fits the rear of the projectile, filling the lower groove and the bore, but,

page_text: leaving the upper groove open. Another form fills only the lower groove and
half of the bore. For horizontal rotation the "sabots" are similar. When
the charge is fired, the gases having free access to the upper groove, act upon
the cavities, and thus turn the projectile.
Elliptical or discoidal projectiles are similarly made to revolve. If fired
from barrels of a circular bore the "sabot" fills the lower groove and the
bore. For such elliptical or discoidal projectiles a barrel of a similar ellip-
tical bore may be used. I also produce vertical rotation by raising the
chamber above the usual level. I also produce horizontal rotation in a
similar manner by placing the chamber slightly to one side.]
In some cases the cavities used may be very small, and in some cases there
may be no cavities, the gases impinging upon the upper part of the projectile
with sufficient force to cause it to rotate.
Barrels of less length and weight than those usually made may be
employed according to this Invention to fire either spherical projectiles, as
before described, or the elliptical and discoidal projectiles referred to.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ROPES AND CORDAGE
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Samuel Sinclair Robson
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
20th April 1864.
I, SAMUEL SINCLAIR ROBSON, of Hendon, in the County of Durham, Rope
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ROPES AND CORDAGE," to be as
follows:-
In making the strands or readies of rope I use two or more descriptions of
yarns or threads, one sort being tarred and the other untarred, the untarred
yarns being of more elastic materials than the tarred yarns. The untarred
yarns after undergoing a softening process are drawn through the centre
holes of a register plate, and the tarred yarns pass through the outer holes of
the same plate, and then the whole pass through a forming block in the
ordinary way, being twisted together into a strand in their passage through
the block, with the white yarns in the inside and the tarred yarns on the out-
side of the strand. In this way the tarred yarns protect the untarred from
the action of the weather, and from chafe or friction. This description of
manufacture is more particularly applicable when the untarred yarns are
composed of Manila hemp, and the outside yarns of tarred Russian hemp.
The strands when formed are laid up in the ordinary way into rope.
Where
the rope is liable to rot from being wet I apply a preservative solution to the
white yarns.

page_text: In ordinary rope the outer yarns being spirally twisted are longer and
stretch further than the inner yarns before breaking; but in the method herein
described the inner yarns are more elastic than the outer, and stretch further
before breaking.
A SIPHON WITH A CLOSING APPARATUS
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by François Leblanc de Prébois at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
14th September 1864.
I, FRANÇOIS LEBLANC. DE PRÉBOIS, of Algiers, Gentleman, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "A SIPHON WITH A CLOSING APPARATUS,"
to be as follows:-
The syphon would indisputably be the most perfect means of intercepting
the emanations of waterclosets if it were not subject to the inconvenience of
becoming obstructed when from negligence articles fall into it, which stop.
in the ascending part of the bent tube, and cannot be withdrawn without
demolishing the masonry or brickwork in which the syphon and the pan are-
held. In remedying this defect, which has caused the almost general.
rejection of this system, after several experiments I have so- modified the
syphon as to permit its general use, and consequently the suppression. of all
emanations from waterclosets either into staircases- or apartments. This
modification consists in placing at the extremity of the upper elbow of the
syphon an opening, with collar or neck.. This opening, slightly conical, has a
diameter of about 2 inches at its entrance into the tube of the syphon, and of
about 2 inches at its upper part. The height of the neck will be of from.
2 inches to 2 inches, in order that the stopper, also conical, and from 14 to
2 inches in height, may be put in, so as to leave at its upper part a space, in
which, after having put in the stopper; a small layer of tallow will be run to
complete the interception of any emanation. By means of this modification it

page_text: will no longer be necessary to demolish the masonry which holds the pan and
the syphon when bodies of other nature than soil, paper, and water have been
negligently introduced into the syphon. Suppose a foreign body introduced
into the ascending part of the syphon, and that this body is so pressed between
the sides of the tube that the water poured into the pan will not expel it by
its power of ascension, it will suffice to lift a part of the seat turning on 3
hinges. This movement of the soat will expose the orifice in the syphon
which forms the subject of this Invention, and permit the stopper to be
seized and withdrawn; then by means of a rod having at one of its ends a
disc of from 1 to 13 inches in diameter, the foreign body will be pushed
back to the lower elbow of the syphon, from whence it will be withdrawn
through the pan by means of tongs or an analogous instrument. This
operation ended, the stopper will be replaced and covered with another cont
or layer of tallow, and thus the expulsion of any foreign matter stopping the
syphon may always take place without the destruction of any part of the
watercloset.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF SCREWS, WHEREBY THEY ARE RENDERED APPLICABLE TO LIFTING, PROPELLING, AND TO VARIOUS OTHER USEFUL PURPOSES
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Aston Bragg and George William
Bridgeman at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on 8th June 1864.
We, ASTON BRAGG, of the New North Road, Artist, and GEORGE WILLIAM
BRIDGEMAN, of Margaret Street, Surgeon, both in the County of Midddlesex,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
CONSTRUCTION OF SCREWS, WHEREBY THEY ARE RENDERED APPLICABLE TO LIFTING,
PROPELLING, AND TO VARIOUS OTHER USEFUL PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
Our Invention consists in constructing screws as hereafter described in
pieces of any desired length, the length being regulated according to the
purposes to which they are to be applied, and in uniting them so as to form
one continuous screw, all substantially in manner and for the purposes herein-
after set forth.
We form one end of a length of the screw with a socket, and the other
end with a plug, and to unite one length to another the plug is inserted in
the socket, and secured therein by a bolt and nut, or bolts and nuts, or other-
wise. By uniting a number of lengths made in this manner screws of great
length and power are constructed, and on having rotary motion communicated
to them are capable of being applied to many useful purposes, and amongst
others to the following:-
First, for the shafts of mines, and the various levels therein for communi-
cating motion to the buckets or "kibbles" for conveying the ore up and to
the main shaft thereof.

page_text: Second, to the inclines of railways for propelling trains thereon.
Third, to tunnels and underground railways generally for propelling the
trains therein, and thereby to avoid the foul air produced by the smoke and
steam from the locomotives.
Fourth, for the conveyance of earth and rubbish from place to place in
making tunnels, sewers, railways, and other works.
Fifth, for building purposes, to lift stones, bricks, mortar, and other
materials, instead of carrying them up by ladders to the workmen.
Sixth, as hoists in warehouses and other buildings for conveying goods from
floor to floor.
Seventh, for conveying goods from warehouse to warehouse, and across or
along streets or roads.
Eighth, for curtain rods or poles for carrying the rings, and the draperies
or curtains connected thereto, so that they may be extended or drawn together
as required according to the direction in which the screw or screws is or are
turned.
A NEW OR IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR BOILING EGGS
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles William Standish at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 3rd
September 1864.
I, CHARLES WILLIAM STANDISH, of King's Road, Chelsea, in the County of
Middlesex, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"A NEW OR IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR BOILING EGGS," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists of a new apparatus applicable to the purpose of
containing, suspending, or holding eggs in water while being boiled, and of
withdrawing them when necessary.
I propose to construct a small wire frame, of a circular form by preference,
and to divide the same into a series of circular divisions of wire work of the
average diameter of the eggs; the frame is supported by three or more
vertical wire legs, having heavy feet of lead or iron, such as a bullet; the
frame is also connected by a central rod or twisted wire ascending to a
handle, beneath which, in a loop or oval, I suspend a sand glass in a pivot, so
that its position may be reversed alternately to allow of the passage of the
sand from one globe to the other as usual. Below the circular divisions for
the eggs and attached thereto are a pair of curved wires crossed to support
the eggs in the divisions.