IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MODE OF AND APPARATUS FOR MANUFACTURING TERRY AND CUT PILE CARPETS AND OTHER TERRY FABRICS
Year: 1872

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Alfred Vincent Newton, of the Office for Patents,
66, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Mechanical
Draughtsman, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MODE OF
AND APPARATUS FOR MANUFACTURING TERRY AND CUT PILE CARPETS AND
OTHER TERRY FABRICS."-A communication from abroad by William
Webster, of Morrisania, and Cornelius Morgan Meserole, of New
York City, both in the State of New York, United States of
America.
Sealed the 30th July 1872, and dated the 2nd February 1872.
'
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Alfred Vincent Newton
at the Office of the Commissioners. of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 2nd February 1872.
I, ALFRED VINCENT NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery
Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Mechanical Draughtsman, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MODE
OF AND APPARATUS FOR MANUFACTURING TERRY AND CUT PILE CARPETS AND OTHER
TERRY FABRICS," to be as follows :-
-
71
T

page_text: fabrics, and imitations of terry fabrics to be used for carpeting, rugs,
mats, carriage robes, and like purposes, with two faces, either of which
may be presented upward or outward, so that after one face has been
worn the fabric may be turned over to expose the other face, which will
present the appearance of a new fabric.
"
"
warp
The Invention consists in the manufacture of terry and cut pile
fabrics, with a back resembling in appearance the face of a terry fabric,
by the employment or use of a beam of fine "chain
or warp, a beam
of coarse "chain
or warp, a beam of worsted warp, which produces the
face or top surface of the fabric, an additional beam of worsted for
producing the back surface of the fabric and two kinds of filling, one of
said fillings being of a fine quality, and used for tying in the worsted
warp, which forms the ordinary terry or cut pile face of the fabric, and
also for tying in the worsted warp which is used to produce the back or
under side of the fabric, and the other of said fillings being of a coarser
kind, that when woven in the under shed between the coarse chain and
the under worsted warp it will make a rise in the rows of worsted, and
cause the back or under side of the fabric to present such an appearance
as would have been produced by weaving in terry wires and leaving
such wires in the fabric.
The Invention also consists in the manufacture of a double faced
fabric resembling terry in appearance on both sides, by the employment
or use of one or more beams of printed, party colored, or other worsted
yarns, one beam of one or more strand fine "chain" or warp, one beam
of coarse "chain" or warp, and two kinds of filling, one of which is of
fine quality, and used for tying in the worsted warp, the loops of which
constitute both surfaces of the fabric, and the other of which is of
coarser quality and woven in the upper and lower sheds to produce a
rise in the rows of worsted, and make them present on both sides of the
fabric such an appearance as would be produced if a terry wire were
woven in and left in.
The Invention also consists in the manufacture of a double faced
fabric with a terry on both sides, by the employment or use of one
beam of worsted warp, either printed or plain, one beam of one or more
strand fine "chain" or warp, one beam of coarse chain or warp, and
one kind of fine filling, to be used to tie in the loops of worsted warp,
which constitute or make the top and bottom faces of the fabric.

page_text: It further consists in the manufacture of a fabric with a terry or cut
pile face, and with a back resembling ingrain carpeting, by the use or
employment in addition to the beam of worsted yarn, by which the top
surface or face of the fabric is produced, and with two beams of chain of
a second beam of printed partycolored or other worsted yarn, or other
yarn capable of being printed, stamped, or otherwise embellished, and
one filling of colored or other worsted yarn, which serves for tying in
the top and bottom worsted warps.
The Invention also embraces improvements in power looms for the
weaving of such fabrics as are herein above referred to.
One of these improvements consists in the employment in combination
in the same loom of terry wires or needles and movable shuttle boxes,
such as are known as drop" shuttle boxes, or “rotary" shuttle boxes,
and two or more shuttles.
"
Another of these improvements consists in the employment in com-
bination in the same loom of terry wires or needles, movable shuttle
boxes, and two shuttle races and sheds, said shuttle races being either so
arranged that one shuttle may be thrown in one direction at the same
time that another shuttle is thrown in the opposite direction, or that
both shuttles may be thrown in the same direction at the same time, or
that one shuttle may be thrown on either of the two races.
A further improvement consists in the novel construction and arrange-
ment of the upper one of these shuttles races, to wit, in its construction
of a number of swinging arms, fingers, or tines, connected to the lay of
the loom, in such manner that they may pass through the upper warp
or warps into the upper shed, and be brought into an operative position
in line with the upper shuttle boxes as often as the shuttle or shuttles
are required to pass along it, and afterwards thrown out of the way
without suspending the operation of the loom.
30 SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Alfred Vincent Newton in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 2nd August 1872.

page_text: VINCENT NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery Lane, in the
County of Middlesex, Mechanical Draughtsman, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Second day of February, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-two, in the
thirty-fifth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said Alfred Vincent Newton, Her special
licence that I, the said Alfred Vincent Newton, my executors, admi-
nistrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Alfred Vincent
Newton, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time
agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times there-
after during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MODE OF AND APPARATUS FOR MANUFACTURING
TERRY AND CUT PILE CARPETS AND OTHER TERRY FABRICS," being a commu-
nication to me from abroad by William Webster, of Morrisania, and
Cornelius Morgan Meserole, of New York City, both in the State of
New York, United States of America, upon the condition (amongst
others) that I, the said Alfred Vincent Newton, my executors or admi-
nistrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of
their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to
be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent
Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date
of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Alfred Vincent Newton, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascer-

page_text: be turned over to expose the other surface, which will present the
appearance of a new fabric.
The first part of this Invention consists in the manufacture of looped
pile and cut pile fabrics, with a back resembling in appearance the face
of a looped pile fabric, by the employment or use of a beam of fine chain,
a beam of coarse chain, a beam of worsted warp, which produces the face
or top surface of the fabric, an additional beam of worsted warp for pro-
ducing the back surface of the fabric, and two kinds of filling, one of
said kinds of filling being of a fine quality, and used for tying in the two
worsted warps which form the two surfaces of the fabric, and the other
of said fillings being of a coarser kind, that when woven in the under
shed between the coarse chain and the under worsted warp, it will make
a rise in the rows of worsted, and cause the back or under side of the
fabric to present such an appearance as would have been produced by
weaving in terry wires and leaving such wires in the fabric.
The second part of the Invention consists in the manufacture of a
double-faced fabric, resembling looped pile in appearance on both sides,
by the employment or use of one or more beams of printed, party-
colored, or other worsted yarns, one beam of one or more strand fine
chain, one beam of coarse chain, and two kinds of filling, one of such
fillings being of fine quality and used for tying in the worsted warp, the
loops of which constitute both surfaces of the fabric, and the other being
of coarser quality and woven in the upper and lower sheds to produce
a risc in the rows of worsted, and make them present on both sides of
the fabric such an appearance as would be produced if a terry wire were
woven in and left in.
The third part of the Invention consists in the manufacture of a
double-faced fabric with a looped pile on both sides, by the employment
or use of one beam of worsted warp, either printed or plain, one beam
of one or more strand fine chain, one beam of coarse chain, and one kind
of fine filling to be used to tie in the loops of worsted warp, which
constitute or make the top and bottom faces of the fabric.
:
The fourth part of the Invention consists in the manufacture of a
fabric with a looped pile or cut pile face, and with a back resembling.
ingrain carpeting, by the use or employment, in addition to the beam
of worsted yarn, by which the top surface or face of the fabric is pro-

page_text: duced, and with two beams of chain, of a second beam of printed, party-
colored, or other worsted yarn, or other yarn capable of being printed,
stamped, or otherwise embellished, and one filling of colored or other
worsted yarn, which serves for tying in the top and bottom worsted
66
warps.
looms for the weaving
One of these improve-
The Invention also embraces improvements in
of such fabrics as are herein-above referred to.
ments consists in the employment in combination in the same loom of
terry wires or needles, and moveable shuttle boxes, such as are known as
drop" shuttle boxes, or "rotary" shuttle boxes, and two shuttle races
and sheds, said shuttle races being either so arranged that one shuttle
may be thrown in one direction at the same time that another shuttle
is thrown in the opposite direction, or that both shuttles may be thrown
in the same direction at the same time, or that one shuttle may be
thrown on either of the two races.
A further improvement consists in the novel construction, arrange-
ment, and organization of the upper one of these shuttle races, to wit,
in its construction of a number of swinging arms or fingers connected
with the lay or other part of the loom, in such manner that they may
pass through the upper warp or warps into the upper shed, and be
brought into an operative position in line with the upper shuttle boxes
as often as the shuttle or shuttles are required to pass along the said
shuttle race, and afterwards thrown out of the way without suspending
the operation of the loom.
In the accompanying Drawings a power loom is represented em-
bodying the improvements in looms above referred to, the main driving
gear and some other well understood parts of the loom not necessary for
the illustration of the Invention being omitted. Colored diagrams are
also given, which serve to illustrate the carrying out of the improvements
in the manufacture of fabrics.
Fig. 1 is a left-hand side view of the loom; Fig. 2 is a vertical section
of the same parallel with the warps; Fig. 3 is a front view of the loom.
A is the beam of coarse chain; A¹* is the beam of fine chain; A** is
the beam of worsted warp, which produces the face or top surface; and
A³* is the beam of worsted warp, which produces the back surface of
either of the fabrics which constitute the first, second, or fourth parts of
the Invention.

page_text: In making the fabric which constitutes the third part of the Invention,
the beam of worsted warp A³ is dispensed with. These beams are
arranged as shewn in Fig. 1. A, A1, A2, A³, are the headles, arranged
in four leaves and operated or held by tappet levers C, C¹, C³, C³, and
cams D, D', D3, D³, the latter being arranged in a well-known way on
a shaft E, on one side of the loom. S represents the breast beam or
table; F is the main shaft operating the lay G, G³, in the usual way by
cranks; H is a shaft geared with the main shaft, and carrying two
tappet plates I for operating the picker motion, a cam J for producing
the drop motion of the shuttle boxes, and two cams K for operating the
upper or moveable shuttle race. The shuttle operating tappet plates I
carry bowles a, a, which act upon the arms b, b, of rock shafts L, L,
which are arranged parallel with the sides of the loom, the said rock
shafts carrying arms c, c, which are connected by straps d, d, with the
picker staves M, M. The drop motion cam J operates upon the arm e
of a rock shaft f, which works in bearings in the lower part of the loom
frame, and which carries two other arms 9, 9, each of which is connected
by a rod h with one of the drop boxes N.
manner.
The lower shuttle race G is constructed upon the lay in the usual
The upper one is composed of the series of arms or fingers j,j³,
attached to two rock shafts i, , which are fitted to bearings k, k,
attached to the front of the upper part of the lay. The said rock shafts
are arranged in line with each other, and are furnished at their outer
ends with arms 1, 1, which are each connected by rods m, n, (see Fig. 2,)
with the front end of one of two levers P, the rear ends of which
are operated upon by the cams K, K, on the shaft H. When the shuttle
is to be thrown through the upper warp or warps, the rock shafts i, i,
are so operated upon by the cams K through the intervention of the
levers P, rods m, n, and arms l, that their respective arms or fingers j, j',
are brought to the position in which are represented in Figures 1 and 2,
and in which the said arms or fingers form a cage-like structure through
which the shuttle passes, and that at other times the said arms or fingers
are raised to the position in which are represented in the same Figures.
The reason for dividing the series of arms or fingers j,j, into two
sections, each of which extends only partly across the loom, and attaching
each section to one of two separate rock shafts j, j', is to provide for
raising one of the sections after the shuttle has passed through or over
that section, and before it has passed through or over the other section,

page_text: and thereby preventing the arms or fingers through or over which the
shuttle first passes from interfering with the weft to such degree as to
prevent the proper formation of the selvedge.
The terry wires p, p, and their holder R, are represented in the several
Figures, but as they and their operating mechanism do not require to
differ from those of other looms for weaving piled fabrics, no description
of them or of the wire carriers is necessary, and it is sufficient to say
that these and other parts of the loom not herein particularly described
are or may be of well-known construction and organization.
In weaving the fabric which constitutes the first part of the Invention,
the four beams of warp represented in the Drawing of the loom, and de-
scribed with reference thereto, are all used. The terry wires are used
to raise the pile on the upper surface, and the changeable shuttle boxes
are used for the operation of the shuttles carrying the fine and coarse
filling, the latter filling being woven into the under shed between the
coarse chain and the under worsted warp, to produce on the under side
of the fabric the appearance of a pile.
Diagram Number One represents the mode of weaving the double-
faced fabric, where 1, 1, is the coarse chain; 2, 2, is the fine chain;
3,3, the top worsted warp; 4, 4, the bottom worsted warp; 5, 5, are the
wires on which the terry loops are formed; 6, 6, is the thick filling,
on which the back loops are formed; and 7, 7, is the fine filling or
weft tie.
In weaving the double-faced fabric which constitutes the second part
of the Invention, the two beams of chain are used, and both beams of
worsted warp. No wires are, however, in this case used; but changeable
shuttle boxes are necessary in order to provide for the insertion of the
two kinds of filling in the upper and lower sheds alternately. This
fabric is illustrated at Diagram No. 2, where the same reference figures
are used as at Diagram No. 1. In this example, the thick filling or
weft threads 6 take the place of the terry wire shewn at 5, 5, in
Diagram 1.
In weaving the double-faced fabric which constitutes the third part
of the Invention, the two beams of chain are used, but only one beam
of worsted warp. Terry wires are used to produce the pile, and though
only one shuttle need be used, the shuttle box should be moveable to pro-.
vide for throwing the filling into the upper and lower sheds alternately..

page_text: Diagram No. 3 illustrates this fabric by still retaining the same
figures of reference. It will be seen that one of the woollen warps,
say 4, is omitted, and that the thick filling or weft thread is not used,
terry wires being employed for the formation of the upper and under
loops. It should be remarked that the Diagram shews the course of
three woollen warp threads from the same beam.
In weaving the fabric which constitutes the fourth part of the In-
vention, the two beams of chain and the two beams of worsted warp are
used. No terry wires are used, but the moveable shuttle boxes are used
to properly present the shuttle, which carries the single filling to the
upper and lower sheds. This fabric is illustrated at Diagram No. 4.
When either of the above described fabrics is to be made with a cut
pile the cutting apparatus may be arranged and operated in the usual
manner.
Having now set forth the nature of the Invention of "Improvements
in the Mode of and Apparatus for Manufacturing Terry and Cut Pile
Carpets and other Terry Fabrics," as communicated to me by my foreign
correspondent, and explained the manner of carrying the same into
effect, I wish it to be understood that under the above in part recited
Letters Patent I claim, —
First. The several fabrics herein described as constituting respectively
the first, second, third, and fourth parts of the Invention.
Secondly. Constructing the upper shuttle race of a series of moveable
arms or fingers, substantially as herein described.
'
Thirdly. The combination in terry wire looms of two shuttle races and
moveable shuttle boxes, constructed and operating as above described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Alfred Vincent Newton, have
hereunto set my hand and seal, the Second day of August, in
the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-
two.