IMPROVEMENTS IN RIVET- MAKING MACHINES
Year: 1864

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Frederick Peskett, of Sunderland, in the County of
Durham, Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN RIVET-
MAKING MACHINES."
Sealed the 17th January 1865, and dated the 22nd July 1864.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Frederick Peskett at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
22nd July 1864.
I, FREDERICK PESKETT, of Sunderland, in the County of Durham, Engineer,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
RIVET-MAKING MACHINES," to be as follows:-
In machines for making rivets I employ two thick discs of metal placed
edge to edge slightly apart, and within a suitable frame; these discs are pro-
vided with a number of dies having through holes, in which the rivets are
made, and during the process receive alternately a partial rotary motion on
their axes, which is communicated to them by pawls taking into ratchet teeth
on their peripheries. Although there are several rivet-making holes in each
disc, only one rivet is made in each at a time when it arrives at a certain part
of its revolution, the remainder of the time of revolution being taken up in
ejecting the rivet, cooling the disc, and preparing for a repetition of the
operation. The rivet iron is cut off by reciprocating cutters, and while red
hot drops down a shoot opposite a hole in the die, and is pushed forward; a
punch subsequently enters the hole from same side after the iron is pushed in

page_text: which regulates and advances the iron, so that it projects on the opposite side
of disc; a ram or header then advances and forms the rivet head; the punch
or stopper resists the pressure of and holds the iron up to the header. By
regulating the entrance of this punch the machine will accomodate itself to
the making of longer or shorter rivets, the rivet is subsequently pushed out by
another punch.
Fig. 1 represents an end elevation of the machine with the cutter frame
removed; and Fig. 2, a plan of the same, partially in horizontal section, the
section of one die block or disc (on the one side) showing the iron entering
the die, while the other shows the rivet head. being made by the ram or
header.
a, a, b, b, are frames united by tension rods c, c, while d, d, represent the
die blocks or dies; e is the main shaft with two eccentrics, which give motion
to the headers or rams which slide on and are guided by the tension rods c, c.
An inclined shaft f is geared at one end by bevil wheels with the main shaft e;
and at the other end to a wheel g; the wheel g carries a crank pin imparting
a to-and-fro motion to pawls h, which take into ratchet teeth on the periphery
of the die blocks d, d.. Fig. 8 represents a side view of the cutter frame i, i,
detached, which is a casting bolted to frame a carrying cutters worked by an
eccentric l, and driven by the shaft k, on which the bevil wheel g is put; the
cutters cut off pieces of red-hot iron from a rod, which fall down an inclined
spout opposite the die; the piece of iron when opposite the die is pushed in
the die by means of a shaft x, on which is placed an arm j, see Fig. 2, which
receives motion from a lever m worked by the heading ram t; while the one
piece of iron is being headed the other pieee of iron is being pushed into the
lie; the dies, as will be observed, are countersunk, to facilitate the entrance
of the pieces of iron; after the die has received the iron the block d is moved
by its pawl h to the next die, when the iron arrives opposite the header, as
seen also in Fig. 2; a punch p worked by a cam w is caused to enter the die
a distance regulated according to the length of rivet to be made. Just
previous to the header coming upon the iron to head it the cam p, worked
by levers n, n, seen dotted in Fig. 2, and when the die arrives opposite the
punch o the rivet is forced out by that punch. On the main shaft at one end
is a chuck p', on which are two small friction wheels q', q; q¹ stands further
out than g, which comes in contact with that part marked a', which give a
motion to the rod to work the punch o; as soon as q¹ is disengaged the
wheel strikes against v, and carries it back again, so as to give it a quick
motion in and out, and it remains at rest while the die block is moving.
The principal features of novelty in the machine are the following:-The

page_text: manner in which the machine is fed, the process by which the iron is introduced
into the dies. The countersinking of the dies on the back side - insures
accuracy in the feed of the machine, whereby there is no danger of the iron
not going right. The way in which different lengths of rivets are made in the
same dies, also the making of two different lengths of rivet in the machine at
the same time, short in one block and long in the other.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Frederick Peskett in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
21st January 1865.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, FREDERICK
PESKETT, of Sunderland, in the County of Durham, Engineer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters.
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-second day of July, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-four, in the twenty-eighth year of
Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant
unto me, the said Frederick Peskett, Her special licence that I, the said
Frederick Peskett, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others
as I, the said Frederiek Peskett, my executors, administrators, and assigns,
should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at
all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully
might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN RIVET-MAKING MACHINES," upon the condition (amongst
others) that I, the said Frederick Peskett, my executors or administrators,.
by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and
seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Inven-.
tion, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause. the.
same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months_
next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent...
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Frederick Peskett, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following:
statement, reference being had to the Sheet of Drawings hereunto annexed,,
and to the letters and figures marked thereon (that is to say):-
In machines for making rivets I employ two thick discs of metal mounted.
on axes and disposed edge to edge but slightly apart and within a suitable.

page_text: frame; these discs are provided with a number of dies with through holes, in
which the rivets are made, and during the progress receive alternately a partial
rotary motion on their axes, which is communicated to them by pawls taking into
ratchet teeth on their peripheries. Although there are several rivet-making
dies or holes in each disc only one rivet is made in each disc at a time and
this when it arrives at a certain part of its revolution the remainder of the
time of revolution being taken up in ejecting the rivet, cooling the disc, and
die, and preparing for a repetition of the operation. The rivet iron is cut off
by reciprocating cutters while red hot and drops down a shoot opposite a hole
in the die into which it is pushed forward, a punch subsequently enters the
hole after the iron is pushed in and from the same side, thus presses forward and
regulates the piece of iron so that it projects on the opposite side of the disc ;
á ram or header now advances and forms the rivet head; the regulating punch or
stopper before-mentioned resists the pressure of and holds the iron up to the
header. By regulating the advance of this punch or stopper the machine will
accommodate itself to the making of longer or shorter rivets, the rivet is
subsequently pushed out by another punch entering from same side as the
iron blank at another point of the disc's revolution.
DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS.
Fig 1 represents a side elevation of a machine for making rivets constructed
according to my Invention; Fig. 2 is an end view; Fig. 3, a plan and
partial section, some of the duplicate parts being removed from one side of the
machine; while Fig. 4 is a transverse section on the line 1, 2, Figs. 1 and 3,
looking towards the die blocks.
A, A¹, are two strong end frames or standards supporting the machine, these
frames are braced together by four strong wrought-iron stays or tension rods
B, B; A¹ carries bearings a, a, supporting a strong sbaft C on which are
formed or fixed two eccentrics D, D¹, which it will be observed are close to the
bearings a, d, and there immediately supported by the tension rods B. On
shaft C is a spur wheel E in gear with pinion F on the driving shaft G driven
by any suitable power. On the stays B are fixed guide pieces b, b, b, b, for
the reciprocating rams H, H', which guide pieces are connected by a cross
stretcher d, d, the guide pieces bare secured to rods B by blocks and covers
in the manner of fitting bearings of shafts, but in this case the covers are
screwed tight down on the rods B. The rams H, H¹, are fitted in dove
tails or otherwise so as to slide freely in parts b, b, but are at the same
time truly guided, they are enth connected by a connecting rod I with the
strap of the eccentric in line with them, and by which they are actuated and

page_text: receive a reciprocating motion. Adjoining the other end of frame A are fitted
two discs or circular blocks K, K', of iron fitted with a number of steel dies
e, e, e, arranged in a circle round the axis on which the blocks rotate. These
blocks are faced or turned, as also the inside of frame A against which they bear,
so that they may bear truly at all times on the frame and be firmly supported
thereon. These discs or blocks k are mounted on the two lower stays B, one
on each, but are free to turn thereon, and have on their periphery ratchet
teeth ff, in number and position corresponding exactly with the number of
positions of the dies e, e; they receive motion alternately from two pawls g, g',
taking into the ratchet teeth f as seen in Fig. 4; these pawls are connected
with a crank pin h fixed in a disc L mounted on a shaft M fitted in suitable
bearings N, and receiving motion by mitre or equal wheels P, P, from the
shaft C. The crank pin h also communicates motion by a connecting rod i
to a lever k mounted on a fixed fulcrum at l. This lever is connected at the
opposite end to a slide m which thus receives a vertical reciprocating motion.
The slide mis dovetailed into guides n, n fixed on the bridge bracket Q, Q,
This slide is furnished with cutters p, p, which with the stationary cutters p', p³,
cut off pieces of iron from the rod of which to make the rivets required. The
stationary cutters p', p', are mounted on a bracket R fixed in front of the frame
A, as best seen in Fig. 1, a double set of cutters are used to cut two pieces of
iron at one time from the same rod as the cutter slide will only make one up-
and-down motion for each revolution of C during which time two rivets are.
made. q is a stop against which the end of the rod comes to regulate the
length of the pieces being cut; this stop, as also the cutters, can be regulated
in position so as to cut various lengths of pieces according to the length of
rivet required, for which purpose they are rebated on to their supports and fixed
to bolts passing through slot holes. The slide m may be connected with and
actuated by the machine so as to perform double the number of motions
before described in relation to the shaft C, in which case one set of cutters and
one piece of iron cut at a time will be sufficient. The pieces of iron cut off
fall down an inclined shoot S (see Fig. 5) into a rest r which holds it opposite
to the die marked 1. In order to push it forward into the die 1 an arm t
mounted on a rod T receives a reciprocating motion in its bearings from the
long end of a lever U mounted on a fixed fulcrum at u the opposite end of
lever U receiving motion from the ram H. The rods T, T, (the parts are in
duplicate one for each ram and die block) slide in bearings v, v, attached
to fixed parts of the framing. The piece of iron being pushed forward into
the die from the front, the die block is moved a step by the pawl g into the
position 2, in the meantime the other piece of iron cut will fall down a similar

page_text: shoot towards the other die block, but as the pusher arm will be advanced
the die at the time (both pieces being cut at once) will rest on the pusher t¹,
until it recedes, when it drops into position opposite to the die in readiness for
the next advance of the pusher. In this way a second and third piece of iron
is pushed into the dies in succession, the first piece being moved to position 2
while another piece is being introduced at 1 in the other die, and in the suc-
ceeding motion to position 3; at position 3 the piece of red-hot iron arrives
opposite the header W, this is fixed to the ram H and has a concavity in the
nose or end of the shape it is desired to give to the rivet head. The end of
the rivet iron being projected through the back of the die to form the head
desired, the header as it advances compresses the projecting part of the rivet
iron in the cavity before-mentioned and so upsets the iron and forms the
head...
f
If the rivets were to be all of one length it might be sufficient that the
rivet iron be pushed through the die a sufficient distance by the pusher t, and
merely pass behind the frame A, the inner face of which would form an abut-
ment to resist the pressure of the header; but as it is desirable to make
various lengths of rivets in the same machine, I apply an apparatus shown
separately at Figs. 6, 7, and 8. Immediately opposite to the die in position 3
I form a hole w in the thickened part of the frame or front plate A, in
which hole I fit a punch x; this punch (one for each die block) is moved by
a bell-crank lever y connected by a rod X to an oscillating lever Y mounted
on a fixed fulcrum at z.
pin h, or from other suitable motion of the machine, so that when the piece
of iron to be headed arrives at position 3, the punch x advances and enters the
die, pushing the iron forward and through the die the distance necessary to form
the head, and at same time forms a stop or abutment in the die to resist the
pressure of the header. In order to relieve the levers y, Y, from strain at
the time of heading, Z is a pawl mounted on a fulcrum at j, which drops
when punch x is advanced, and forins an abutment to take the pressure. The
retrograde motion of the long arm of crank lever y lifts the stop pawl up,
and allows the punch a to recede; for this purpose lever y is allowed a little
play in the head of x, whereby it lifts the inclined nose of the pawl, and
relieves the head of x from the shoulder which forms the abutment described.
Motion is communicated to lever Y from the crank
By communicating more or less motion to the lever Y, which may readily
be effected by connecting the free end with its driving power at a point
nearer to or further from its fulcrum j, more or less motion will be given to
punch x, and the rivet iron advanced more or less in the die according to the
length of rivet; as, for instance, if the piece of iron be for a short rivet, the

page_text: punch x must enter the die to a greater distance, and if long, may scarcely
require to enter the die at all. The stop or abutment pawls Z may be movable
and adjusted to the position required to hold the head of punch x, or others
may be substituted according to requirements.
Successive movements of the discs K, K', bring the die from position 3,
where the rivet was formed, to position 4, where the rivet is thrust out of the
die, the disc or die block K moving on for a repetition of the operation. The
rivet is thrust out by a punch 6 fixed to a slide 7, fitted in a fixed bracket 8.
Motion is communicated to slide 7 by a connecting rod 9 communicating
with a crank pin 10 fixed in a plate 11 keyed on shaft C.
The several other Figures of the Drawings have the parts marked in them,
and will be readily understood without further description. The rod of red-
hot iron is fed up through a guide by hand or other suitable means, the pieces
being cut off and the rivet made while still hot, the machine working so fast
that although the iron remains at stage 2 of the disc, it has not time to cool, and
all the parts being worked from the main shaft C, and in rigid communication
therewith, every movement takes place with the utmost precision, the one in
relation with the other, and producing the result desired and described.
Having described the nature of my Invention, and the manner of per-
forming the same, I wish it to be understood that the means of communi-
cating motion to the several parts of the machine may be varied and other
mechanical equivalents adopted; and I declare that what I claim as my
Invention to be secured by the herein-before in part recited Letters Patent
is, the arrangement and construction of machines represented in the Drawings
annexed for making rivets, substantially in the manner and as herein-before
described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Frederick Peskett, have. hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Eighteenth day of January, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-five.
FRED. PESKETT. (LS.)