Improvements in Steam and Hot-water Boilers.
Year: 1892

page_text: Date of Application, 27th Oct., 1892-Accepted, 3rd Dec., 1892
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Steam and Hot-water Boilers.
We, JOHN HOLLAND WATERMAN, of 278 Grand River Avenue, Detroit,
Michigan, United States of America, Manufacturer of Steam Heating Apparatus,
and FREDERICK HARILL DATE, of London, Ontario, Canada, Contractor, do
hereby declare the nature of this invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-
This invention relates to a new and useful improvements in boilers especially
designed for use in steam and hot-water circulating systems for heating the interior
of buildings; and it consists in a certain construction and arrangement of parts,
as hereinafter fully set forth, the essential features of which being pointed out
particularly in the claims.
The objects of the invention are to produce a magazine-feed base-burning boiler
that will successfully burn bituminous coal and consume the smoke and gases thereof
and in which the construction is such that a hot-air blast is produced to supply
combustion within the fire-pot, the radiation of the heat from the boiler is obviated,
and economy effected in the consumption of fuel. These objects are attained by
the arrangement of parts illustrated in the accompanying drawings, in which-
Figure 1 is a central vertical section through my improved boiler.
Fig. 2 is a horizontal section through the boiler on dotted line x, x, of Fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is a vertical section through the upper end of the magazine, showing the
adjustable collar or damper raised to cut off the supply of air to the fire.
Fig. 4 is a plan of the bifurcated lever employed to actuate said damper.
Referring to the letters of reference, A designates the shell of the boiler, which
is environed by the smoke-sheet B, so as to leave an air-space or flue C between
said sheet and the boiler-shell. The boiler and smoke-sheet are supported on a
suitable base D, which forms the ash-pit below the fire-pot F, that is located
within the boiler, at the base thereof.
G designates an exterior casing around the smoke-sheet B and at such distance
therefrom as to form an air-space H between said casing and sheet, open at, the
bottom. Said casing also extends over the cap of the boiler, forming the cover I,
and is supported on suitable brackets a, on which its lower edge rests.
This improved boiler is provided with a double magazine composed of the outer
shell J and an inner shell K of less diameter than the outer shell, forming an air-
space L between said shells which is open at the top and bottom. The lower end
of the outer shell J extends into the fire-pot F, and its upper end passes through
the cap M and is secured therein. The mouth of the inner shell K extends even
with the lower end of the outer shell, and the upper end of said inner shell is.
attached to the cover I and communicates with the coal-hopper N, through which
coal is supplied to the magazine. This formation of an air-space between the shells
of the magazine prevents the coking of the coal therein and serves as a vehicle
through which air is drawn to supply combustion within the fire-pot, as hereinafter
described.
P designates a series of direct alternating flues located around the magazine, as
shown in Fig. 2, and that communicate at their lower ends with the fire-pot, the
upper ends of said flues communicating with the chamber O, formed between the
head of the boiler and the cap M, as shown in Fig. 1.
R designates a series of direct flues located around the flues P and adjacent to
the shell A of the boiler. Said flues R communicate at their upper ends with the
chamber O, and at their lower ends with the base of the exterior flue-space C,
leading to the smoke-pipe Q. It is understood that the water fills all the space

page_text: around the flues P and R between the outer shell of the magazine and the shell of
the boiler, said flues in Fig. 1 being shown in one side of the boiler only. As will
now be apparent, the coal discharged from the magazine fills the fire-pot F, as
shown by dotted lines b. The caloric current caused by the combustion of said
coal passes upward from the fire-pot through the flues P, thence downward through
the flues R and up through the outer circular flue C between the boiler-shell and
smoke-sheet to the smoke-pipe Q, as shown by the direction of the arrows 1. The
air necessary to support said combustion is drawn upward through the air-space H
and between the cover I and the cap M, thence downward through the space L.
between the shells of the magazine, and is discharged in a circular sheet directly
onto the fuel in the fire-pot, as shown by the direction of the arrows 2. It will be
seen that the area of discharge for the caloric current from the fire-pot is greater
than that of the induct of the air-supply, whereby the air is drawn rapidly down-
ward through the space L and impinges with great force upon the surface of the
burning coal. By this manner of supplying the air from above, combustion is
caused to take place directly on the surface of the coal, causing intense heat and
spreading an incandescent glow over its entire burning surface. The force of the
downward blast of air catches the gases and carbon caused by combustion before
they can rise, thoroughly mixing the air therewith at a point of incandescent heat,
whereby the volatile products of combustion are entirely consumed and the caloric
current emanating therefrom is rendered smokeless. By means of this construction.
and manner of burning fuel, bituminous coal may be readily used without danger
of coking or burning in the magazine, and the combustion is so complete that there
is little, if any, ashes left, thus obtaining the maximum degree of heat for the
quantity of coal consumed. The strong draft of air rushing up the air-space H to
supply combustion within the fire-pot carries with it the heat that radiates from the
outer surface of the smoke-sheet B, thereby obviating the overheating of the basement.
and utilizing said heat to supply the fire with a hot blast of air and saving that
portion of the product of combustion which has ordinarily been wasted.
To provide for regulating the supply of air to support combustion, the sleeve or
collar S is employed, which encircles the upper end of the outer shell K of the
magazine and is adapted to slide vertically thereon.
T designates a bifurcated lever, the forks f of which pass on each side of the.
collar S and are pivoted thereto, as shown at e in Fig. 4, the ends of said forks
resting on the cap M. To the opposite end of said lever is attached a vertical
rod V, whereby by drawing upward on said rod the lever T will be actuated to
raise the collar S and close the opening into the air-space L, as shown in Fig. 3,
which acts as a damper to cut off the supply of air to the fire, and by means of said
rod V the damper or collar S may be raised or lowered to regulate the supply of
air, as desired.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what we
claim is :-
Claim 1. In a boiler, the combination of the combustion-chamber and the
magazine communicating with said chamber, said magazine composed of an outer
and inner shell that passes entirely through the boiler, with a single annular air-
flue between said shells, said flue being direct and open at each end, its lower end
communicating with the combustion-chamber and its upper end with the exterior
air, the entire surface of the outer-shell of the magazine being surrounded by the
water-space in the boiler, whereby the shells of the magazine are prevented from
being excessively heated, as specified.
Claim 2. In a boiler, the combination of the smoke-sheet, the exterior casing
around the smoke-sheet at such distance therefrom as to form an air-passage or
flue between said casing and sheet, open at its lower end and communicating with
the exterior air around said sheet, and the magazine composed of an outer and an
inner shell, forming an air-passage between said shells which communicates with

page_text: the air-passage between the smoke-sheet and the outer casing, substantially as set
forth.
Claim 3. In a boiler, the combination of the fire-pot, the magazine communicating
therewith, said magazine composed of an outer and an inner shell, so as to form a
direct air-flue between said shells, the outer shell of the magazine terminating at a
point below the upper end of the inner shell, and the sliding annular sleeve
encircling the upper end of the outer shell of the magazine and adapted to be
actuated to close said air-flue, substantially as set forth.
Claim 4. In a boiler, the combination of the outer casing and smoke-sheet
forming the outer air-space, the magazine composed of the outer and inner shells,
with an air-space between said shells that communicates with said outer air-space,
the sliding collar surrounding the upper end of the outer magazine-shell, the lever
pivoted to said collar, and means for actuating said lever, substantially as and for
the purposes specified.
.
1000
ALLISON BROS.,
Agents for the Applicants.