IM- PROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR PRESSING GOODS, APPLICABLE ALSO TO RAISING OR REMOVING HEAVY BODIES
Year: 1853

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Macmillan Dunlop, of Manchester, in
the County of Lancaster, Engineer, for the Invention of " IM-
PROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR PRESSING GOODS,
APPLICABLE ALSO TO RAISING OR REMOVING HEAVY BODIES.""
Sealed the 13th April 1854, and dated the 17th October 1853.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Macmillan
Dunlop at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his
Petition, on the 17th October 1853.
I, JOHN MACMILLAN DUNLOP, of Manchester, in the County of Lan-
caster, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR PRESSING GOODS,
APPLICABLE ALSO TO RAISING OR REMOVING HEAVY BODIES," to be as
follows:-
My improvements consist in transmitting power for the aforesaid
purposes, through the agency of a differential motion, in order to illus-
trate which I will describe a certain arrangement of press suitable for
packing cotton or other goods. An ordinary screw is placed within a
nut, which, is formed within the boss of. a,.spur wheel, the said nut

page_text: being prevented from travelling in the direction of the axis of the
screw by connection with a stationary framework.
Another spur
wheel is mounted loosely upon the outward periphery of the screw, but
is capable of causing it to revolve by means of a feather and groove.
The last-mentioned spur wheel has one or more teeth above the
number of the first-mentioned, and they are placed in gear with two
pinions of equal numbers of teeth. Rotatory motion being applied to
the shaft of these pinions, both the screw and its nut will be caused to
revolve, but at separate velocities, the difference of which will regulate
the rate at which the press will be caused to advance, the screw
sliding through the loose spur wheel by means of a longitudinal slot.
When it is desired to provide for a quicker motion for the press the
pinion which drives the spur wheel of the nut is removed from gear,
and the nut locked so as to be prevented from revolving; power being
then applied, the loose spur wheel will alone be caused to revolve and
carry round the screw in the stationary nut. Another method by
which the differential motion may be obtained for the purposes of my
Invention is as follows:-Between two discs is placed a pinion, or
there may be two or more; these pinions are mounted loosely upon
studs, and are placed in gear with two spur wheels, the one containing
an extra tooth or teeth. One of these spur wheels is fixed, and the
other is provided at its centre with a nut, within which is situate the
press screw, which passes freely through the centre of the two dises;
by causing the pinion or pinions to revolve around the peripheries of
the two spur wheels, the one which contains the nut will be caused to
revolve at the rate of one or more teeth (according to the different
numbers) for one entire revolution of the pinion around the circum-
ference thereof, and cause the screw to pass by means of its slot along
a fixed rib or feather. When under this arrangement the quick speed
is desired the pinion may be removed from gear with the fixed wheel
and locked to the other, so as to cause the nut to revolve with it. I
also construct double presses of the foregoing description; that is to
say, I apply suitable arrangements for reversing the motion of the
screw, so as to cause it to operate at each end consecutively. The
principle I have above mentioned I also adopt for constructing appa-

page_text: ratus to be used as "screw jacks" for raising or lowering heavy bodies,
in which case worms and worm wheels may be conveniently employed as
the gearing. I also adopt the said principle of mechanism for affording
a slow motion in cranes either with or without the use of a screw; and
my improvement may be combined with any ordinary wheel work
suitable for obtaining changes of speed.
The above description I have given as examples to illustrate my
Invention but many modifications thoug
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said John Macmillan Dunlop in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 15th April 1854.
TO ALL TO. WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I,
JOHN MACMILLAN DUNLOP, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster,
Engineer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Seventeenth day of October, One
thousand eight hundred and fifty-three, in the seventeenth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto
me, the said John Macmillan Dunlop, Her especial licence that I, the
said John Macmillan Dunlop, my executors, administrators, and assigns,
or such others as I, the said John Macmillan Dunlop, my exccutors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others,
from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein
expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend,
within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MA-
CHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR PRESSING GOODS, APPLICABLE ALSO TO RAISING OR
REMOVING HEAVY BODIES," upon the condition (amongst others) that I,
the said John Macmillan Dunlop, by an instrument in writing under
my hand and seal, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature
of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be per-
formed; and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office

page_text: .
within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the
said Letters Patent...
• NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said John Macmillan Dunlop, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner
the same is to be performed; to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement and accompanying Drawings; that is
to: say:
My Invention relates, firstly, to transmitting, power through the
agency of a differential motion for the purpose of compressing or
packing cotton or other materials or goods, and also for raising or
removing heavy bodies by, that apparatus: usually called a screw
jack.".
Secondly, to the employment of a double press, the followers of
which are actuated at either end of a screw, or screws, so that at the
time the one is in action the other is being drawn back.
Another part of my Invention, according to my Provisional Specifi-
cation, consisted in the application of a differential motion for obtain-
ing a slow motion in cranes, but since the filing thereof I have ascer-
tained the same is not of practical utility, and lay no claim thereto.
.
And in order that my Invention may be fully understood I will proceed
to describe the several Figures of a Sheet of Drawings accompanying
this my Specification. Fig. 1, is a cross section of the operating parts of
a press suitable for packing cotton or other such material. Fig. 2, is a
longitudinal section. The framework of the press is shewn at a, a,
'united by rods b, and the follower at c, provided with cavities for the
reception of the ropes by which the package is to be bound. Upon the
framework is mounted in bearings a shaft d, capable of being caused to
revolve by means of a pulley .. Upon this shaft. are.also two pinions
fg, the one having one or more teeth more than the other, taking
into the spur wheels h, i, the latter, of which has one or more teeth
more than the former, corresponding to the difference of teeth in the
pinions respectively. Within the boss of the wheel h, is a nut
adapted to the screw, the end of which is mounted loosely in- the
follower c. The spur wheel i, is mounted on the outward periphery of
the screw, but is provided with a feather taking into a groove formed

page_text: longitudinally therein... The two wheels i, and h, are situate::between
two portions a*; of the framework,. and are therefore prevented from
moving in the direction of the axis of the screw, and there are washers
adapted, as at 7, 1. The pinion'f, is fast upon the shaft d, but: the
other.g, is mounted loosely thereon; it is, however, capable of being
caused to revolve therewith by means of a clutch m, .sliding upon a
feather, and connected to a fork, mounted upon an axis, to which a
lever to is attached. This clutch, as represented in tlie Drawing,
takes on to a clutch p, formed upon the pinion.
In gear with the wheel is is a second pinion 7,' mounted loosely
upon a fixed shaft but capable of being locked therewith by mennis
of a clutch s, sliding upon a feather; and connected to the fork n, upon
the axis of the lever o.
The follower moves in a casing t, which is provided with..suitable
doors for introducing the cotton or other material, and at u, is a sepa-
-rate portion of side casing kept in place during the operation of
pressing by an excentric, which excentric may be turned by
means of a lever-w, so as to allow the goods to force the part"u
outward, and become loosened for removal: "At the commercement of
pressing, and when a comparatively quick motion of the follower
is required, the attendant will move the lever o, so as to shift the
clutch m, clear of the clutch p, and move the others, into connection
with the pinion. Power being then applied to the shaft, the
wheel will be caused.to revolve, and by means of its nut, carry
forward the screw'k, which will slide upon the feather formed within
the boss of the wlieel i. As the pinion g is loose upon the shaft d, no
motion will have been imparted to the wheel i. For the 'purpose,
however, of preventing any accidental rotation, the clutch s lías been
caused to connect the pinion to the fixed shaft 7, as before mentioned,
by which means the wheel i will have been securely locked.
3
and
The goods having been pressed. to a certain extent, and it being
desired to obtain a greater pressure with the screw, the lever o is
turned so as to bring the clutch into gear with the pinion
remove the other's, from the pinion q. This having been accomplished,
the shaft & will impart rotatory motion to both wheels h, and i, the
former of which will still cause the nut to revolve; and the latter will

page_text: carry round the screw.by means of its feather; as both of these motions
are in the same direction, it is evident that if the velocities were equal
no advance of the screw would take place, but as the wheel i contains
more teeth than that which drives the nut a differential motion will
arise, and the screw will be caused to move onward at a rate in pro-
portion to the differénce of the two velocities.
.
In Fig. 2, before referred to, I have shewn the screw broken off at
the point A; according to another part of my Invention I continue
this, and connect it to a second follower similar to that shewn at c,
and place it within the framework of a press; as, therefore, the one
follower is advancing, the other will be drawn back, and this operation
will be reversed by causing the driving shaft d to revolve in a contrary
direction through the agency of any usual reversing motion. I have
mentioned this part of my Invention in connexion with the method of
gaining the less or greater pressure, but I do not confine myself
thereto, as it may be adapted, if desired, to screw presses of other
constructions. Fig. 3; represents in section the application of the
differential motion to a screw jack. The framework is shewn at a, and
the screw at b, the upper end thereof turning loosely in the part e,
which bears against the weight to be moved. Within an opening of
the framework is placed the nut d, resting upon a washer e, and
provided with teeth upon its periphery taking into a worin f, the axis
of which turns in fixed bearings, and is provided with a winch by
which power is applied. Above the nut is a pinion g, also taking into
the worm, but provided with one or more teeth more or less than the
pinion ; through this pinion the screw passes freely, and it is kept
down so as to prevent the nut from moving in the direction of the
screw, by means of a washer h. Above the pinion is situate a clutch i,
bored out to receive the screw, but provided with a feather taking into
a grcove formed longitudinally therein; within a circular groove of the
clutch is an excentric j, mounted upon a shaft capable of turning in
fixed bearings, and provided with a handle k, according to the position
shewn in the Drawing. The revolution of the worm f will cause the
nut d to revolve, and the full effect thereof will be applied so as to
move forward the screw, the pinion g at the same time also revolving,
but without producing any effect. When it is desired to obtain a greater

page_text: power the handle is turned so as to cause the excentric; to place
the clutch i, into gear with the clutch teeth formed upon the pinion g;
the rotation of the worm f will now cause the pinion g to carry with
it the clutch i, the feather of which will carry the screw round, but at
a rate slightly superior or inferior to that of the nut, by which means
additional power will be obtained, as before described.
I have in the foregoing description shewn distinct methods of
gaining the varying power as applied to a press and a screw jack;
it will be evident, however, that the method adopted for the one may
be used for the other, and that many modifications of gearing or straps
and pullies may be made without departing from the spirit of my
Invention.
Having thus described and ascertained the nature of my said
Invention, and the manner in which the same is to be performed,
I desire it to be understood that I claim as secured to me under the
above in part recited Letters Patent,-
Firstly, as applied to machinery for pressing cotton and other
materials or goods, the use of apparatus in which the nut and screw
are caused to revolve at different velocities; and also, combined
therewith, the use of apparatus for effecting at pleasure the revolution
of one of them only.
Secondly, the use of the aforesaid apparatus as applied to "screw
jacks" or other such machinery for raising or removing heavy bodies.
Thirdly, the use of a double press, the followers of which are
actuated from opposite ends of a screw or screws.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Macmillan Dunlop, have
hereunto set my hand and seal, the Thirteenth day of April,
in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and
fifty-four
JOHN M. DUNLOP. (L.S.)
JOHN M. DUNLOP. (L.S.)