CERTAIN. IMPROVEMENTS IN MOULDING FOR CASTING PIPES, RAILINGS, GATES, AGRICULTURAL IMPLEMENTS, AND OTHER METAL ARTICLES, AND ALSO IN PRE- PARING PATTERNS.. OR MODELS. FOR THE SAME
Year: 1851

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, PETER
FAIRBAIRN, of Leeds, in the County of York, Machinist, and JOHN HETHBR-
INGTON, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Machinist, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her present most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date at
Westminster, the Tenth day of February, in the fourteenth year of Her reign,
and in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-one, did,
for. Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto us, the said Peter
Fairbairn, and John Hetherington, Her especial license, full power, sole privi-
lege and authority, that we, the said Peter Fairbairn and John Hetherington,
our exors, admors, and assigns, and such others as we, the said Peter Fairbairn
and.John Hetherington, our exors, admors, or assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others,, from time to time and at all times during the term of
years therein..expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within England and Wales, and the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, our
Invention of CERTAIN. IMPROVEMENTS IN MOULDING FOR CASTING PIPES, RAILINGS,
GATES, AGRICULTURAL IMPLEMENTS, AND OTHER METAL ARTICLES, AND ALSO IN PRE-
PARING PATTERNS.. OR MODELS. FOR THE SAME;" in which said Letters Patent is
contained a proviso that we, the said Peter Fairbairn and John Hetherington,
or one of us, shall cause a particular description of the nature of our said
Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be enrolled in
Her Majesty's High Court of Chancery within six calendar months next and

page_text: immediately after the date of the said in part recited Letters Patent, as in
and by the same, reference being thereunto had, will more fully and at large
appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
John Hetherington, do hereby declare that the nature of the said Invention,
and the manner in which. the same is to be performed, are particularly described
and ascertained in and by the following explanation thereof:-
On the Thirty-first day of July, One thousand eight hundred and fifty, Letters
Patent were granted to us, the said Peter Fairbairn and John Hetherington,
for "Certain Improvements in Machinery or Apparatus for Preparing, Spin-
ning, and Weaving Cotton, Flax, and other Fibrous Substances; also in Con-
structing and Applying Models or Patterns for Moulding preparatory to
Casting Parts of Machinery employed in Preparing, Spinning, and Manu-
facturing Fibrous Substances, and also in certain Tools to be used in making
such Machinery." The said method of constructing and applying models for
casting parts of such machinery, related to the use of a plate or diaphragm
placed between divided portions of the patterns, and, in pursuing that method
of moulding, we have discovered that (under certain modifications) the process
is capable of being usefully applied to the production of cast metal articles
generally, such, for instance, as pipes, railings, gates, parts of agricultural
implements, and other entire articles, or portions of articles, plain or orna-
"mental, such operations being effected by the application of our Invention in a
'more economical manner, and with less liability to imperfections; and we will
now proceed to describe the method of carrying the same into practical opera-
tion. The model or pattern of the article from which a mould is to be made
we divide in a line corresponding with its broadest face, and the parts thus
separated are attached to opposite sides of an intermediate plate, so that they
shall be coincident, or have the same circumferential relation to each other
that they had before the inodel or pattern was divided. In order to illustrate
this we will refer to the several Figures of the accompanying Drawings..
In Fig. 1, A represents, in two views, the pattern of a wheel, such as is
ordinarily used for carrying the knives of a chaff-cutting machine. This
pattern we divide into two portions at the situation shewn by the dotted line,
and then attach each half on either side of a plate B, so that the two
shall be perfectly coincident in position, as shewn at A* A* in the edge view,
Fig. 2, and face view of the plate, Fig. 3. This plate is then applied between
upper and lower mould boxes C, D, of the ordinary construction, and it is pro-
vided with lugs; through which the guide pins E, E, pass, in order to keep it
in a correct position; as shewn in the top view of the whole apparatus, Fig. 4,

page_text: and sectional view, Fig. 5. The parts being thus adjusted, the ordinary process
of ramming sand into the lower mould box D, will produce a half mould, the
counterpart of the pattern in contact with the sand. The upper mould box C
is next, in like manner, rammed with sand, whereby the impress of the second
half of the pattern is produced. The plate B, with its pattern, is now lifted,
and with it the top box C, from which the pattern is then to be removed; the
mould in the two boxes may then be put together as usual, and it will be
ready to receive the molten metal, which may be poured in through an aper-
ture formed in any convenient situation, as usually practised. For the purpose of
facilitating the moulding of small articles, we provide mould boxes of any con-
venient size, and on either side of the plate B we secure the divided parts of
the models or patterns so that the corresponding parts of the several patterns
shall be coincident with each other, as above explained. Thus, Fig. 6 repre-
sents a plate containing several models to be applied to one set of mould
boxes F, G, H, I, representing respectively the patterns of a portion of an
agricultural harrow, an ornamental balustrade, a railing, and an ordinary pipe.
The models we so arrange that the greatest number may come upon a given
size of plate, and we select and put together the patterns of such articles as
will be required to be cast in approximating numbers; we then attach to the
plate or raised piece J, which branches outwards in various directions, and
forms a connection with all the patterns. This piece J is intended to indent
the sand in such a manner as to form a gutter or channel for the flow of the
molten metal to the several cavities formed in the sand by the different
patterns contained on the plate. If, therefore, the metal is poured into this
channel through an opening left in the ordinary manner, it will flow directly
into and fill up the cavities formed by the patterns of the articles intended to
be cast. It then only remains, when the metal has cooled down, to remove
the castings from the sand, and separate the several articles from the refuse
metal. In the above description it will be understood that reference has been
had merely to the moulding of such patterns as would allow of the sand leaving
them when lifted in the direction of the guide pins of the mould box; but to
those who are practically acquainted with the operation of moulding, it will be
apparent that, by fitting loosely to the pattern plate such parts of a pattern as
will form an overhanging projection, or what is technically termed an "under
cut," and will not therefore leave the sand like the patterns above described,
the more intricate operations of moulding may be easily performed. In this
case the pattern plate is first removed from the sand, and the loose pieces, or
remaining portions of the pattern are then carefully withdrawn, as in the ordi-
nary mode of moulding such under-cut or over-hanging parts. We would also

page_text: remark, that articles which are to be cast hollow must be provided with
cores applied in the usual manner after the pattern plate has been removed.
In witness, whereof, I, the said. John..Hetherington, .have. hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Eighth day of August, in the year of our Lord
1
1