Year: 1898

page_text: We, WILLIAM ARCHIBALD STARLEY, of Viaduct Works, Coventry, Manufacturer,
and CHARLES HUBBARD, Grosvenor Street, Coventry, Manager, do hereby declare
the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
Our invention relates to pneumatic tyres, and part of it is applicable to tyres
in which the cover is removable from an inner air tube, and part is applicable
to tyres consisting of an outer tube and an inner air tube, known as single
tube tyres.
The object of our invention, as regards detachable tyres, is to provide a simple
device which enables a cover to be securely attached, so as to form a complete
tube round the inner air tube.
The object of the second part of our invention is to produce an improved
construction of single tube tyre applicable to inner air tubes of the self-sealing
type.
As regards detachable tyres, our invention consists in attaching the edges of
the cover to an inner air tube, to each other by a series of flat metal spring
bands, which bands pass into pockets on both edges of the tyre. A series of these
bands attach the tyre edges all the way round the tyre.
As regards single tube tyres, our invention consists in a peculiar method of
constructing the outer tube enclosing the inner air tube in a manner hereinafter
described.
In carrying the first part of our invention into effect as applied to tyres having
detachable covers, we arrange a cover with cross cut canvas or a diagonal fabric,
composed of two layers. We cause the edges of this fabric to overlap, to an
extent almost equal to the breadth of the bottom of the metal rim. We provide
the fabric part with a rubber cemented cover having a thickened tread of any
usual type. Along one of the edges we provide a straight cut band, which wo
cement to that edge, and allow a projection of the straight cut band over the
other edge to protect the bottom of the air tube effectively. We form the canvas
or the fabric on both edges into a pocket, which pocket we cut across on one side
only, at many places all round the edge. We arrange the cross cuts so as to
oppose each other when the two edges are laid one against the other. To con-
nect these pockets we provide steel spring bands, each band forming a clip folded
on itself, and each band being preferably about ten inches long. We slip one
edge of each band into one aperture on one edge of one pocket, and slip the
opposing clip part of the band into the opposing aperture of the opposite pocket.
We slip in a series of these bands all the way round the tyre.
By this device we provide a complete tube, which is capable of resisting air
pressure of the rim, that is, we provide a tube which can be blown up when
the inner tube is placed within it without standing on the rim at all. This
cover powerfully contracts upon the rim. by reason of the cross cut or diagonal
fabric, and so holds firmly to the rim. The invention, in fact, consists in a ready

page_text: means of making the cover into a complete tube entirely surrounding the
inner air tube.
We provide each steel clip or band with a tag or loop, either of metal, catgut,
or other flexible material to enable each loop to be readily located and with-
drawn.
In carrying out our invention as applied to a single tube tyre, we arrange an
inner band of diagonal fabric, to which we cement on one edge a strip of straight
cut fabric. The first mentioned diagonal fabric, when folded round to butt its
own edge, becomes a tube. Outside the straight cut strip, and right across the
first mentioned diagonal fabric, we provide an opposite diagonal fabric, and we
cement the fabrics together, leaving, however, a folding flap of the inner fabric.
On this flap we lay the projecting piece of straight cut fabric, cemented on, and
fold outside of that the outside flap of diagonal fabric. Within this fabric tube
we arrange the inner self-sealing air tube. We then cement the whole of the
fabric together leaving, however the air tube free and uncemented to the canvas
or fabric. This tube, when pumped up, powerfully contracts on the rim because
of the diagonal action, and it provides four layers of canvas or fabric between
spoke ends and the inner tube. It also permits the inner self-sealing air tube
to be quite loose from its enclosure, and thus allows the self-sealing air tube to
act effectively when punctured, so as to close the puncture by its arranged
elasticity. This part of our invention is applicable, as will be seen, to single
tube tyres only.
A thickened tread may be applied to the outside tube in any desired manner.
We, WILLIAM ARCHIBALD STARLEY, of Viaduct Works, Coventry, Manufacturer,
and CHARLES HUBBARD, of Grosvenor Street, Coventry, Manager, do hereby declare
the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed,
to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
Our invention relates to pneumatic tyres: part of it is applicable to tyres
in which the cover is removable from an inner air tube and part is applicable
to tyres consisting of an outer tube and an inner air tube, known as single
tube tyres.
The object of our invention as regards detachable tyres is to provide a simple
device which enables a cover to be securely attached, so as to form a complete
tube round the inner air tube.
The object of the second part of our invention is to produce an improved
construction of single tube tyre applicable to inner air tubes of the self-sealing
type.
As regards detachable tyres our invention consists in attaching the edges of
the cover enclosing the air tube to each other by a series of flat metal spring
bands which bands pass into pockets on both edges of the tyre. A series of these
bands attach the tyre edges together all the way round the tyre.
As regards single tube tyres our invention consists in a peculiar method of
constructing the outer tube, enclosing the inner air tube in a manner hereinafter
described.

page_text: Referring to the accompanying drawings, Figures 1 to 7 inclusive illustrate
the first part of our invention as applied to tyres having detachable covers.
Figure 1 is a view of a portion of the tyre, showing the metal spring bands
holding the edges of the cover together.
Figure 2 is a view of a portion of the tyre in its position upon the wheel rim.
Figure 3 is a cross section of Figure 2 diawn to a larger scale.
Figures 4 and 5 are respectively elevation and plan of one of the metal spring
bands.
Figure 6 is a plan of the cover opened out, and
Figure 7 is a section of the same.
The tyre is formed in the usual manner with an inner tube A and an outer
protecting cover B. We make the cover B of cross cut canvas or a diagonal
fabric composed of two layers and we provide the fabric part with a rubber
cemented cover C having a thickened tread of any usual type. We form the
canvas or the fabric on both edges into pockets b, b which pockets we cut across
at many places all round the tyre, the cross cuts 61, 61 (Figures 1 and 6) being on
the inside of the cover at one edge and the outside at the other edge and opposite
each other so as to coincide when the edges are lapped. To connect the edges of
the cover we provide steel spring bands D, each band forming a clip folded on
itself and each band being preferably about ten or twelve inches long. Having
overlapped the edges of the cover, we slip one prong of each band into a cross
cut aperture of one pocket and the other prong into the opposing aperture of the
other pocket. We slip in a series of these bands all the way round the tyre and
we prefer that they should slightly overlap each other. For convenience of
attachment we make one prong of the fork longer than the other so that they do
not require to be simultaneously entered into the pocket slits. We may cement
a straight cut band to one edge of the cover and allow a projection of this band
over the other edge to protect the bottom of the air tube effectively. This band
is not shown in the drawings. We may also insert a set of circumferential
threads as shown in Figure 3 at c, c, on each side of the tyre slightly below the
circumference of the outer edge of the rim in order to aid in retaining the tyre
on the wheel.
By this device we provide a complete tube enclosing the air tube and capable
of withstanding the pressure when the tyre is inflated apart from the rim.
We provide each spring band or clip with a tag or loop d (Figures 1 and 2) of
metal, catgut, tape or other flexible material to enable the clip to be readily
located and withdrawn.
In placing the tyre on the rim, the inner tube is placed inside the cover and
the spring bands D) are inserted into the pockets through the slits 6. The whole
tyre is then stretched over the edges of the rim and inflated. The inflation of
the tube and consequent increase of sectional area of the tyre causes circum-
ferential contraction of the tyre by reason of the cross cut or diagonal fabric.
This circumferential contraction aids in securing the tyre on the rim. When
the tyre is deflated it is readily removed over the edge of the rim.
In carrying out the second part of our invention as applied to a single tube
tyre we cement the edges of the cover together round the air tube so as to form
two complete tubes one within the other.
Figure 8 is a cross section of a tyre of this nature in its position upon the
wheel rim. The air tube is omitted for the sake of clearness."
Figure 9 is a sectional elevation showing the parts of the cover before it is
cemented round the inner tube.
We form the cover of an inner band of diagonal fabric E to which we cement
on one edge a strip F of straight cut fabric which projects about half its breadth
beyond the fabric E. Cemented to the inner fabric E except at its edges we
provide an outer opposite diagonal fabric G with edges projecting beyond those
of the inner fabric. A rubber cover H with a thickened tread may be attached
to the outer fabric G in any desired manner. We butt the ends on the inner

page_text: fabric together, with the straight cut fabric F overlapping both, and the ends of
the outer fabric G overlapping each other at g, as shown in the figure. All
the surfaces in contact are cemented together: the air tube however is left
free and uncemented to the canvas or fabric. This tyre, when the inner tube
is pumped up, powerfully contracts on the rim because of the action of the
diagonal fabric and it provides four layers of canvas or fabric between the spoke
ends and the inner tube. It also permits the inner self-sealing air tube to be
quite loose from its enclosure so that it can act effectively when punctured to
close the puncture by its arranged elasticity. This part of our invention is
applicable, as will be seen, to single tube tyres only.
In both parts of our invention we may insert thickening canvas strips such
as e at the tread to strengthen the tyre.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed we declare that what
we claim is:-
!
1. In pneumatic tyres, the method of securing together the edges of the outer
cover by means of bands such as D, the prongs of the bands entering pockets
at the overlapping edges of the cover, substantially as described.
2. In pneumatic tyres an outer cover with overlapping edges provided with
pockets such as 6 having cross cut apertures such as b¹ in combination with
steel spring bands such as D adapted to enter the pockets, substantially as
described with reference to Figures 1 to 7 of the accompanying drawings.
3. A pneumatic tyre constructed substantially as described with reference to
Figures 1 to 7 of the accompanying drawings.
4. A pneumatic tyre constructed substantially as described with reference to
Figures 8 and 9 of the accompanying drawings.
Dated this 3rd day of August 1890
MARKS & CLERK,
18, Southampton Buildings, London, W.C.,
13, Temple Street, Birmingham, and
25, Cross Street, Manchester,
Agents.