IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF IRON, AND IN PREPARING FUEL TO. BE USED IN THE MANUFACTURE AND MELTING OF IRON
Year: 1865

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Nurthall Brown, of Handsworth, in the County
of Stafford, Gentleman, and Thomas Deykin Clare, of Birmingham, in
the County of Warwick,. Mineral Merchant, for the Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF IRON, AND IN PREPARING FUEL TO.
BE USED IN THE MANUFACTURE AND MELTING OF IRON."
Sealed the 20th October 1865, and dated the 25th April 1865..
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Nurthall Brown and
Thomas Deykin Clare at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,-
with their Petition, on the 25th April 1865.
We, JOHN NURTIALL BROWN, of Handsworth, in the County of Stafford,
Gentleman, and THOMAS DEYKIN CLARE, of Birmingham, in the County of
Warwick, Mineral Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF IRON, AND IN PREPARING FUEL
TO BE USED IN THE MANUFACTURE AND MELTING OF IRON," to be as follows:-
In smelting or reducing iron from its ores in the blast or smelting furnace
the quality of the iron is found to be improved in certain respects by the
addition to the materials ordinarily employed of oxide of titanium or titanic
acid, whether in the form of compound ores of titanium and iron, such as the
ore known as ilmenite, found in Norway and elsewhere, or in the form of
other ores or compounds of titanium. A beneficial effect is also produced
when oxides or carbonates of manganese, whether alone or combined with iron
are used in a similar manner. Owing to the great affinity of titanium and
manganese for oxygen, and the difficulty hitherto experienced in reducing or
deoxylizing these ores or compounds, the full benefit expected from their

page_text: introduction has not been attained, and our Invention is an improved mode of
treating and introducing these ores, and consists, firstly, in using in the blast
or smelting furnace, in which the iron is being smelted, fuel containing ores
or compounds of titanium, or ores and compounds of manganese, and also in
using fuel of the same kind in the furnaces used for melting or refining pig or
cast iron, such as cupolas and refineries; and, secondly, in treating or pre-
paring fuel to be used in the manufacture and melting of iron by the
introduction into the said fuel of ores or compounds of titanium, and ores
and compounds of manganese respectively as aforesaid, and as herein-after
described.
In employing fuel containing ores or compounds of titanium, or ores or
compounds of manganese for the manufacture or melting of iron, we use the
said fuel in the way in which common coke is ordinarily employed, or in any
other suitable way, and we use the said fuel either with or without admixture
with coke or other fuel, or aided by gas formed or used in any suitable way.
In treating or preparing fuel to be used according to our Invention we
proceed as follows:-We mix with the small coal or slack which it is intended
to coke in ovens, or by any other suitable method; or we mix with carbonaceous.
matters or mixtures which are intended to be compressed into solid fuel a
quantity of powdered titanium or manganese ore or compound as aforesaid,
in order to form an intimate mixture of the said titanium or manganese ore
or compound and carbonaces matter.
The titanic ore we prefer to use as being the most abundant at present
known and cheaply obtainable is the ore called ilmenite, a compound ore of
titinium and iron, and found largely in Norway and elsewhere. We reduce
this ore to a crushed or powdered state in any convenient way, and mix it
with the coal, slack, or other carbonaceous matter employed. In every ton
of slack or small coal or other fuel which it is intended to convert into coke,
we add from 20 to 60 lbs. of the powdered titanium ore or compound, and
mix them thoroughly. We then introduce this mixture into the coke oven
and proceed to coke the mixture in the ordinary manner. To every ton of
carbonaceous matter which is intended to be compressed in order to form
masses of solid fuel, we add from 20 to 60 lbs. of the powdered titanium ore
or compound. We mix these substances thoroughly and then proceed to
compress the mixture in the ordinary or other convenient way. The coke and
the compressed fuel thus obtained are compounds of titanium ores and
carbonaceous matter, which we introduce into the blast furnace during the
smelting or reduction of the iron ore, and which we also employ in the cupola
and refinery. We do not confine ourselves to the proportions of titanium ores

page_text: to the slack or other carbonaceous matter herein-before given, as they may be
varied without departing from the nature of our Invention. Titanic acid,
oxide of titanium, and ores of titanium, other than that specified may be used,
but we name that most suitable in many respects as being abundant and
cheaply obtained.
When we treat the fuel with ores or compounds of manganese we proceed
in a manner similar to that described with respect to fuel treated with
titanium, substituting an ore or compound of manganese for the oro or
compound of titanium. We use the ores of manganese that we can procure
the cheapest and best adapted for our purpose, whether combined more or less
largely with iron or otherwise. We use similar proportions of ores of
manganese and carbonaceous matter as described with respect to ores of
titanium and carbonaceous matter, but we do not limit ourselves to the said
proportions, as they may be varied without departing from the nature of our
Invention.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the John Nurtball Brown and Thomas Deykin Clare in the Great
Seal Patent Office on the 20th October 1865.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, Jonn
NURTHALL BROWN, of Handsworth, in the County of Stafford, Gentleman, and
THOMAS DEYKIN CLARE, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Mineral
Merchant, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-fifth day of April, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-five, in the twenty-eighth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto us,
the said John Nurthall Brown and Thomas Deykin Clare, Her special licence
that we, the said John Nurthall Brown and Thomas Deykin Clare, our
executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as we, the said John
Nurthall Brown and Thomas Deykin Clare, our executors, administrators,
and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time
and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and
lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of
Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF IRON, AND IN PREPARING FUEL
TO BE USED IN THE MANUFACTURE AND MELTING OF IRON," upon the condition

page_text: (amongst others) that we, the said John Nurthall Brown and Thomas Deykin
Clare, our exccutors or adiniuistrators, by an instrument in writing under our
or their hands and seals, or under the hand and seal of one of us, or them,
should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention,
and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to
be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next
and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said John Nurtball Brown, on behalf of
myself and the said Thomas Deykin Clare, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement
thereof, that is to say :-
In smelting or reducing iron from its ores in the blast or smelting furnace
the quality of the iron is found to be improved in certain respects by the
addition to the materials ordinarily employed of oxide of titanium or titanic
acid, whether in the form of compound ores of titanium and iron, such as tho
ore known as ilmenite, found in Norway and elsewhere, or in the form of
other ores or compounds of titanium. A beneficial effect is also produced
when oxides or carbonates of manganese, whether alone or combined with
iron, are used in a similar manner. Owing to the great aflinity of titanium
and manganese for oxygen, and the difficulty hitherto experienced in reducing
or deoxydizing these ores or compounds, the full benefit expected from their
introduction has not been attained, and our Invention is an improved mode of
treating and introducing these ores, and consists, firstly, in using in the blast
or smelting furnace, in which the iron is being smelted, fuel containing ores or
compounds of titanium, or ores or compounds of mangenese, and also in using
fuel of the same kind in the furnaces used for melting or refining pig or cast
iron, such as cupolas and refineries; and, secondly, in treating or preparing
fuel to be used in the manufacture and melting of iron by the introduction
into the said fuel of ores or compounds of titanium, and ores or compounds of
manganese, respectively as aforesaid, and as herein-after described.
In employing fuel containing ores or compounds of titanium, or ores or
compounds of manganese, for the manufacture or melting of iron, we use the
said fuel in the way in which common coko is ordinarily employed, or in any
other suitable way; and we use the said fuel either with or without admixture
with coke or other fuel, or aided by gas formed or used in any suitable way.
In treating or preparing fuel to be used according to our Invention we
proceed as follows:-We mix with the small coal or slack or other carbon-
aceous matter which it is intended to coke in ovens, or by any other suitable

page_text: method; or we mix with carbonaceous matters or mixtures which are intended
to be compressed into solid fuel a quantity of powdered titanium or manganese
ore or compound as aforesaid, in order to form an intimate mixture of the
said titanium or manganese ore or compound and carbonaceous matter.
The titanic ore we prefer to use as being the most abundant at present
known and cheaply obtainable is the ore called ilmenite, a compound ore of
titanium and iron, and found largely in Norway and elsewhere. Wo reduce
this ore to a crushed or powdered state in any convenient way, and mix
it with the coal, slack, or other carbonaceous matter employed. In
every ton of slack or small coal or other fuel which it is intended to convert
into coke, we add from 20 to 60 lbs. of the powdered titanium ore or
compound, and mix them thoroughly. We then introduce this mixture into
the coke oven and proceed to coke the mixture in the ordinary manner. To
every ton of carbonaceous matter which is intended to be compressed in order
5 to form masses of solid fuel, we add from 20 to 60 lbs. of the powdered
titanium ore or compound. We mix these substances thoroughly and then
proceed to compress the mixture in the ordinary or other convenient way.
The coke and the compresed fuel thus obtained are compounds or mixtures
of titanium ores and carbonaceous matter, which we introduce into the blast
furnace during the smelting or reduction of the iron ore, and which we also
employ in the cupola and refinery. We do not confine ourselves to the
proportions of titanium ores to the slack or other carbonaceous matter herein-
before given, as they may be varied without departing from the nature of our
Invention. Titanic acid, oxide of titanium, and ores of titanium, other than
that specified may be used, but we name that most suitable in many respects
as being abundant and cheaply obtainable.
When we treat the fuel with ores or compounds of manganese we proceed
in a manner similar to that described with respect to fuel treated with
titanium, substituting an ore or compound of manganese for the ore or
compound of titanium. We use the ores of manganese that we can procure
the cheapest and best adapted for our purpose, whether combined more or
less largely with iron or otherwise. We use similar proportions of ores of
manganese and carbonaceous matter as described with respect to ores of
titanium and carbonaceous matter, but we do not limit ourselves to the said
proportions, as they may be varied without departing from the nature of our
Invention.
Having now described the nature of our Invention, and the manner in
which the same is to be performed, we wish it to be understood that we do not.
limit ourselves to the precise details herein described, as the same may be

page_text: varied without departing from the nature of our Invention; but we claim as
our Invention,-
Firstly, the improvements in the manufacture of iron herein-before described,
that is to say, manufacturing iron either in the blast or smelting furnace, or
other furnaces used for melting or refining pig or cast iron, by the use in the
said furnaces of a fuel containing ores or compounds of titanium, or ores or
compounds of manganese, whether the said fuel be used with or without
admixture with coke or other fuel or gaseous mixture.
Secondly, the improvements in preparing fuel to be used in the manu-
facture and melting of iron herein-before described, that is to say, treating or
preparing fuel to be used for the said purposes by mixing either with small
coal or slack, or other carbonaceous matter which it is intended to coke, or
with carbonaceous matters or mixtures which are intended to be compressed
into solid fuel, powdered ores or compounds of titanium, or ores or compounds
of manganese, so as to form an intimate mixture of the said titanium or
manganese ores or compounds and carbonaceous matter, substantially as herein
described.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Nurthall Brown, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Eighteenth day of October, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-five.
JOHN NURTHALL BROWN. (L.S.)
Witness,
GEORGE HENRY OSBORNE.