IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINES FOR MAKING MOULDS FOR CASTING NAILS
Year: 1884

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
I WILLIAM GILES of the firm of John Giles & Son of the West of England
Malleable Nail Works, Ashton Vale near Bristol, in the county of Somerset do
hereby declare the nature of the said invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINES
FOR MAKING MOULDS FOR CASTING NAILS" to be as follows :—
This invention relates to improvements in the method of constructing machines
for making moulds for casting nails specially of that class known as hob nails for
boots and shoes and the improvements relate more particularly to the machine for
making the half mould for the head portions of the nails; the improvements
having chiefly for object to provide a head plate and to so form what are known in
the trade as "complete originals" from which (what are known as) patterns are to
be cast, to be used therewith, that several sets of patterns of different designs of
nail heads may be used with the same head plate; the pricker moulding plate for
pricking or forming the moulds for the shank half of the nails being so constructed
with regard to the head plate that one pricker plate will serve for pricking or
making half moulds for the said several different patterns of the half moulds for the
heads instead of it being necessary as hitherto to have a separate pricker plate for
each plate having different designs of heads whereby a considerable economy in
the cost of plant is effected combined with economy of labour.
ΓΙ
In carrying out my invention I form a model of the pattern of the heads of the
nails to be cast, the said model being formed with a get" thereon and with a
female centre on the underside of the head; from this model I cast a sufficient
number of heads for making a “complete original" I provide a rectangular shaped
plate with a central groove or channel running from end to end; on each side of
this groove parallel thereto and at regular distances apart is fixed a number of pins
or pegs the distance between the pegs being adapted to suit various sizes and
designs of nails. In the said groove I place a model of a "plain spray" and on
each of the said pins or pegs I place one of the above named heads, the "gets"
being placed outwards.
13
On the said plate (which is provided with proper pegs and guides) I place a
moulding box having holes or guides to suit the said pegs and the impression of
the heads of the nails is then obtained in any usual manner. The mould containing
the said impression is then removed from the plate and the model of the "plain
spray is taken from its groove in the plate; the heads of the model nails are
turued half round so that the "gets" project over the groove in the plate and the
"

page_text: moulding box being then replaced on the plate the shape of the "gets" will be
thereby impressed in the same; the moulding box is now again removed from the
plate and the model of the plain spray is then placed in the impression of the same
in the sand for the purpose of perfecting any parts which may have been crushed
or damaged by forcing the "gets" into it. The model "plain spray" is then
removed and the large impression of a "get" is formed in the sand at the end of
the moulding box for the purpose of allowing molten metal to be run in and the
moulding box is again placed on the plate and both being cramped together are
reared on end and molten metal being run in, the heads of the nails will be
connected by a spray the whole thus forming a complete original.
By this method of spraying "originals" it will be evident that the centres of the
heads of nails of any design can be made to correspond with one another, the
distance apart of the said centres depending upon the distance apart of the pins or
pegs in the plate, that is to say, the distance of the pins or pegs from centre to
centre will depend upon the sizes and shapes of the heads it only being necessary
to obtain a suitable margin of sand round each head.
Instead of pins or pegs on the plate and holes in the model heads the latter may
be formed with pins and the plate with holes.
The original being thus completed, a set of patterns also, a solid casting known
in the trade as a "false head" is made therefrom and which "false head" will bear
a perfect impression of the underside of the nails having the centres cast in,
through each of which centres a hole is then drilled and the "false head" is placed
upon a plain strip of steel which by means of the said holes is marked with centres
corresponding with holes in the "false head" and through these centres, holes are
then drilled in the strip of steel and will consequently exactly correspond with the
centres of the heads of the originals less the shrinkage in casting the false head and
from this drilled strip the pricker plate is marked and drilled. The pricker
moulding plate being thus drilled with holes corresponding with the centres of the
heads as above named is also drilled with holes for fixing the half-sprays; the head
plate is then drilled with holes corresponding with the said half spray holes and
these holes serve for fixing the patterns by means of screw pins and nuts or
otherwise, it being of course understood that the half sprays of the patterns must
correspond with the half sprays of the pricker moulding plate. The prickers are
mounted in any suitable manner and are carried on a plate to which a rising and
falling motion is communicated by means of a lever handle operating a toothed
pinion gearing into a rack or in any other suitable manner.
The pegs or studs in the pricker plate are fixed in any known manner to cor-
respond with the bushes of the head plate.
By this arrangement when the two half moulds are clamped together the holes
to form the shanks of the nails will exactly correspond with the centres of the
heads.

page_text: I WILLIAM GILES of the firm of John Giles and Son, of the West of England
Malleable Nail Works, Ashton Vale, near Bristol, in the County of Somerset do
hereby declare the nature of the said invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINES
FOR MAKING MOULDS FOR CASTING NAILS" and in what manner the same is to
be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-
This invention relates to improvements in the method of constructing machines
for making moulds for casting nails specially of that class known as hob nails for
boots and shoes and the improvements relate more particularly to the machine for
making the half mould for the head portions of the nails; the improvements having
chiefly for object to provide a head plate and to so form what are known in the
trade as "complete originals" from which (what are known as) patterns are to be
cast to be used therewith, that several sets of patterns of different designs of nail
heads may be used with the same head plate, or each design of heads may be put
on separate plates which would by this mode of construction exactly correspond
with each other as regards centres; the pricker moulding plate for pricking or
forming the moulds for the shank half of the nails being so constructed with regard
to the head plates that one pricker or shank will serve for pricking or making half
moulds for the said several different patterns of the half moulds for the heads
instead of it being necessary as hitherto to have a separate pricker or shank plate
for each plate having different designs of heads whereby a considerable economy in
the cost of plant is effected combined with economy of labour.
In order to enable my invention to be fully understood I will describe the same
by reference to the accompanying drawings in the several figures, of which similar
letters represent similar parts.
"
"
In carrying out my invention I form a model of the pattern of the heads of the
nails to be cast. Figure 1 shews an elevation drawn full size of a model of this
description and figures 2 and 3 represent plans of the upper and under sides
respectively of the same; the said model is formed with a
get' a thereon and
with a female centre b on the under side of the head; from this model I cast a
sufficient number of heads for making a "complete original." I provide a rectangular
shaped plate a¹, shewn in full sized side and end elevations at figures 4 and 5 and
in plan at figure 6; the said plate has a central groove or channel c running from
end to end; on each side of this groove c, parallel thereto and at regular distances
apart is fixed a number of pins or pegs d the distance between the pegs d being
adapted to suit various sizes and designs of nails. In the said groove c I place a
model of a "plain spray" shewn in full sized plan and end view at figures 7 and 8
respectively and on each of the said pins or pegs d, I place one of the heads shewn
in figures 1, 2 and 3, the "gets" a thereof being placed outwards; figure 9 shews
a full sized plan of the plate a¹ with heads so placed, e representing the heads and
f the model of the plain spray.
On the said plate a' (which is provided with pegs or guides g) I place a moulding
box not shewn in the drawing having holes or guides to suit the said pegs g and
whereby the mould is held in position upon the plate a¹; the impression of the
heads e of the nails is then obtained in any usual manner. The mould containing
the said impression is then removed from the plate al and the model f of the
"plain spray" is taken from its groove c in the plate a¹; the heads e of the model
nails are turned half round (as shown in figure 10 which is a full sized plan view of

page_text: the plate a with the heads so placed) so that the "gets" a project over the
groove c in the plate a¹, and the moulding box being then replaced on the plate a¹,
the shape of the "gets "a in the reversed position will be thereby impressed in the
same; the moulding box is now again removed from the plate a¹ and the model f,
of the plain spray is then placed in the impression of the same in the sand for the
purpose of perfecting any parts which may have been crushed or damaged by
forcing the "gets" a into it. The model "plain spray "fis then removed from the
moulding box and the large impression of a "get" is formed in the sand at the end
of the moulding box for the purpose of allowing molten metal to be run in and
the moulding box is again placed on the plate a¹ and both being cramped together
are reared on end and molten metal being run in, the heads e of the nails will be
connected by a spray the whole thus forming a complete original / as shewn in full
sized plan at figure 11.
By this method of spraying "originals" it will be evident that the centres of
the heads of nails of any design can be made to correspond with one another, the
distance apart of the said centres depending upon the distance apart of the pins or
pegs d in the plate a², that is to say, the distance of the pins or pegs d from centre
to centre should be suitable for the largest size of heads which it is desired to
mould from one plate a' it only being necessary to obtain a suitable margin of sand
round each head. (It is therefore only necessary to make a new plate with different
centres when the heads are too large to allow of a sufficient number being placed on
the plate or when the heads are so small as to allow too much space between the
heads.)
Instead of the pins or pegs d on the plate a¹ and holes b in the model heads e as
shewn in the drawing the latter may be formed with pins and the plate with holes.
The original being thus completed and a set of patterns also, a solid casting
known in the trade as a "false-head" is made therefrom, and which "false head
will bear a perfect reproduction of the underside of the nail heads having the
centres cast in; this falsehead as shewn in full sized plan view at figure 12;
i, i represent the centres cast therein from the under side of the heads e; through
each of the centres i a hole is then drilled and the false head is placed upon a plain
strip of steel not shewn in the drawings which strip by means of the said holes is
marked with centres corresponding with the holes in the "false head" and through
these centres, holes are then drilled in the strip of steel and will consequently
exactly correspond with the centres b of the heads c of the "originals" less the
shrinkage in casting the falsehead and from this drilled strip the pricker plate is
marked and drilled as shewn in figure 13 which is a plan drawn about one fourth
full size of the pricker plate, j representing the holes drilled in the same it being
understood that the rows of holes j are made throughout the length of the central
main spray w of the pricker plate, ono set only of such holes ; being shewn in the
drawing. The pricker moulding plate being thus drilled with holes j, corresponding
with the centres b of the heads e as above named is also drilled with holes k
throughout the length of the main spray w for fixing the half sprays f¹ figure 8*;
the head plate as shewn in plan at figure 14 and in elevation partly in section at
figure 15 is then drilled with holes corresponding with the said half spray holes k
and these holes serve for fixing the patterns by means of screw pins m and nuts n
figure 15 or otherwise, it being of course understood that the half sprays x of the
patterns must correspond with the half sprays f¹ of the pricker moulding plate.
The prickers are shewn at o figure 16 which is an elevation partly in section
shewing the mechanism for operating the prickers and also shewing the pricker
plate; figure 17 is a half sectional plan of the machine on line A B of figure 16;
figure 18 is a cross section on line C D of figure 17 the said views being drawn
about one fourth full size. The prickers o, are mounted in any suitable manner
and are carried on a plate to which a rising and falling motion is communicated
by means of a lever handle q operating a toothed pinion r on a shaft s and gearing
into a rack t; or the said motion may be communicated in any other suitable
manner; u, u, figures 13 and 10 ato pins on the pricker plate which correspond

page_text: with holes v. v. figure 14 in the head plate the pins u taking into corresponding
holes or guides in the shank half of the mould and the holes v serving to receive
corresponding pins or pegs in the head half of the mould. The holes and pins in
the two halves of the mould respectively therefore correspond and serve to fix the
balves together when moulded.
The pegs or studs u in the pricker plate are fixed in any known manner to
correspond with the holes v of the head plate.
By this arrangement the impressions having been taken in the half moulds of the
heads from the head plate and the shanks from the pricker plate respectively when
the two half moulds are clamped together the holes to form the shanks of the nails
will exactly correspond with the centres of the heads and the nails can be then cast
in the mould in the usual manner.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim is
(1) The herein described method of making "complete originals" by means of a
plate having pegs or holes and a longitudinal channel or groove as and for the
purpose herein before described.
(2) The herein described method of making the plates of machines for forming
moulds for casting nails interchangeable by so arranging the holes in the pricker
or shank plate and fixing the various patterns on the head plates that the centres
of the said holes and patterns shall correspond by which one pricker or shank plate
can be used with different head plates and patterns as and for the purposes herein-
before described.
(3) The improvements in the method of constructing machines for making
moulds for casting nails substantially as hereinbefore described and illustrated by
the accompanying drawings.
Dated the 10th day of 2001