IMPROVED MEANS OF AND APPA- RATUS FOR BURNING OILS AND OTHER Substances USED AS LIQUID FUEL."
Year: 1871

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Joseph Marie Agnellet, of Rue de Renilly,
Paris, France, for the Invention of "IMPROVED MEANS OF AND APPA-
RATUS FOR BURNING OILS AND OTHER Substances USED AS LIQUID FUEL."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Joseph Maric Agnellet
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 6th June 1871.
I, JOSEPH MARIE AGNELLET, of Rue de Renilly, Paris, France,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVED
MEANS OF AND APPARATUS FOR BURNING OILS AND OTHER SUBSTANCES USED AS
LIQUID FUEL," to be as follows :-
P
My-Invention relates. chiefly to the consumption of oil or other
liquid fatty- or resinous body in combination with air under pressure
for the purpose of lighting and heating. The oil or other liquid
fatty or resinous; body is allowed to flow or is forced from a nozzle in
a state of spray, or more properly speaking "mist" by a current of
air,, and is; ignited as it issues, the ignition being kept up so long
-

page_text: as the pressure of air is maintained. The degree of fineness to which
the oil is divided renders it almost imperceptible, and it is therefore
like gas. It contains powerful heating qualities suitable for treating
iron and other metals, generating steam, heating cooking and other
vessels, as well as for drying goods. The oil nozzle is in connection
with the air nozzle, and the two are adjustable to lessen or increase the
size of the flame and the strength of the air current according to the
purpose for which the flame is employed. Any number of the jets can
be used, and these may be made to impinge against one another to
increase the lighting or heating properties of the flame, or the jets
can be kept separate. The oils to be used are petroleum, tar oil, or
analogous kinds, or those extracted from seeds, rocks, or other substances
or bodies.
.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Joseph Marie Agnellet in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 6th December 1871.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL, COME, I, JOSEPH
MARIE AGNELLET, of Rue de Renilly, Paris, France, send greeting..
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Sixth day of June, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-one, in the thirty-fourth
year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and
grant unto me, the said Joseph Marie Agnellet, Her special licence,
that I, the said Joseph Marie Agnellet, my executors, administrators,
and assigns, or such others as I, the said Joseph Marie Agnellet, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with,
and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the
term therein. expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise,
and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland,
the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVED
MEANS OF AND APPARATUS. FOR BURNING OILS AND OTHER SUBSTANCES USED
AS LIQUID FUEL," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said
Joseph Marie Agnellet, my executors or administrators, by an instru-
ment in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals,
should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said
'

page_text: Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, änd
cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Joseph Marie Agnellet, do lièreby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement thereof, reference being had to the Drawings
hereunto annexed, that is to say :-.
My Invention relates, firstly, to the direct and instantaneous con-
sumption of oil or other liquid fatty or resinous body in combination
with air under pressure for the purpose of lighting and heating; and,
secondly, to the employment of apparatus for dividing the liquid fuel
into mist or dew.
'
The oil or other liquid fatty or resinous body is allowed to flow or is.
drawn to a nozzle, from which it is forced in a state of spray or more
properly speaking "mist” by a current of air sufficient for its combustion,
and is ignited as it issues, the ignition being kept up so long as the
pressure of air is maintained. The degree of fineness to which the oil
is divided renders it almost imperceptible, and it is therefore like
gas,
which can be directed into any position to obtain the desired object.
The manner in which I propose to arrange the nozzles from which the
oil or other fatty or resinous body in a liquid state and the air can flow
or be forced is represented in the accompanying Drawings, reserving,
however to myself the right to employ other forms of nozzles or
apparatus by which an ignition can be maintained at the issuing.
point, substantially as described, whether the flame be used for
lighting, heating, or for drying purposes.
Figure 1 is a sectional view, and Figure 2 an elevation of an apparatus
composed of two nozzles, a, b; one of these a is for attachment to a tube
leading from an air chamber in which a réserve of air under pressure is
maintained, so that the issue is continuous, and 6 is another nozzle
leading from an oil reservoir, from which oil or other fatty or resinous
body in a liquid state can flow or' be forced, the tip of the nozzle b
stopping short at the aperture c of the nozzle a to obtain the full
effect of the blast or current of air, impregnated or pure, passing out of
the aperture, the current taking a stream of the liquid along with it
from the aporture d in the nozzle 6, which stream with the air then
.

page_text: becomes broken up into a mist or dew of an almost imperceptible
character, and which on a. light being applied continues to burn with a
brilliant and clear flame, and at an intense heat so long as the current of
air at the necessary pressure is kept up through the nozzle a, the air
forming the agent for the complete combustion of the oil, the tube being
intimately mixed in a broken-up state. I have shown the nozzle a as
being fitted with an union cap or nut e, by unscrewing which the nozzle
is capable of easy removal for replacing another nozzle with a larger or
a smaller aperture at its end for regulating the quantity of air passing
through the nozzle to suit the purpose for which the flame is intended.
The nozzle a may have more than one aperture in its end for the air to
pass through, and in that case each aperture would have a separate oil
nozzle or a branch nipple attached to the main oil nozzle as found most
convenient; by this means several separate jets of flame can be formed
at the tip, which jets may impinge against one another to increase the
power or strength of the heat or the brilliancy of the light, or the jets
may be kept separate. The nozzle a can also be adjusted to vary the
distance of its aperture from the end of the nozzle 6 in order to regulate
the fineness of the divisions or particles of liquid as well as to determine
the quantity that should be drawn therefrom by the force of the current
of air.
Figure 3 represents a sectional view of a portion of a puddling or a
reverberatory furnace with a fire-brick e inserted into its mouth, the
fire-brick having a perforation in it of the required size for the passage
of a flame from the nozzle or for the insertion of the nozzle itself, the 2
direction of the flame being such that it acts upon the metal within the
furnace in the most powerful and beneficial manner.
Figure 4 shows how I propose to arrange a series of nozzles in the
front of a puddling or a reverberatory furnace so that a series of my
flame jets can be caused to pass into it, each flame jet or its nozzle 3
having a distinct aperture in the fire-brick, the distance of the jets being
such that an equal disposition of the heat is maintained over the entire
surface of the metal under treatment. This arrangement of flame jets
can be applied under or into and through the bed of a blast or other
furnace or down through the crown or the sides of one as desired, and 3
also under or against pots or crucibles for the purpose of reducing or
melting metal contained in them, whether those metals are of a hard
subtle character, or of a soft character which require little heat to liquify

page_text: g
them. The air nozzles in this series are attached to branches f,f, of one
main air pipe 9, so that each of them receive air at an uniform pressure,
the oil nozzles 6 being also attached to a main oil pipe h; thus the
constant supply of air and of oil from the two pipes 9 and is kept up.
The quantity of air and of liquid to any one nozzle 6 of the series can be
regulated to the greatest nicety by turning the taps i, j, more or less off,
the taps being upon the branches between the nozzles and the main
pipes g, h.
For heating vessels containing water or other liquid or body I either
cause the flame to impinge direct upon or along the bottom or through
flues or passages provided for it. The same may be said with regard to
plates, pans, screens, or appliance upon, in, or against which goods are
placed for the purpose of being dried or re-dried in bulk by the evapo-
ration of the liquid particles; in fact, the flame is applicable to all and
every purpose in or for which heat or light is required.
Figures 5 and 6 show the application of the nozzles before referred to
to a steam boiler. The nozzles a, a, are entered into the apertures in the.
front brick e singly, and the heat of the flames becomes developed in
the chamber & before it passes along the flue or channel 7, the bed of
the chamber & being of fire-brick to prevent the too rapid radiation of
the heat, and preferably at an incline towards the front, so that should
there be any refuse or deposit from the oil it will subside down upon the
bed, and ultimately flow to the front to be removed at will. I may
remark that no deposit nor smoke can take place if pure oil or a fatty
or resinous liquid of a clear and refined character be used, and it is theso
that I purpose to employ for all cases of lighting, and in all operations
of heating where intensity of heat and purity of flame is necessary,
but for ordinary purposes where a regular moderate heat is required
the commoner and lest costly oil or fatty or resinous liquid can be
employed.
Figure 7 represents another arrangement of nozzles which can be
employed for producing a jet of flame at the tip of one of them by the
ignition of an oil or a liquid fatty or resinous body in a state of spray
intermingled with air, the stream being kept flowing by the force of and
the flame maintained by a current of air from a nozzle a striking across
a nozzle b, substantially as shewn. This arrangement of nozzles gives a
horizontal flame, but by arranging them as shewn in Figure 8 a vertical
flame is obtained. The apertures in the nozzles of any of the foregoing

page_text: arrangements may be simple perforations or slits, or a combination of
perforations and slits; by this means the well-known flames, such as the
jet, the bats'wing, the fish tail, the argand, &c., can be produced.
Another arrangement of apparatus is shewn in Figure 9; by which a
flame can be maintained at the outlet of nozzles as before described,
here the air enters the oil vessel and presses upon the surface of the
body of oil or liquid fatty or resinous substance contained therein,
which pressure forces the liquid into the tube 6 through the holes m, m,
to the mouth from which it issues in a state of spray or fine mist under
the action of the current of air, which is also broken up round its tip as
in the previously described apparatus, the oil or the fatty or resinous
matter rendered liquid can be raised from a well or from a reservoir
underground, it being only necessary to maintain the level of the liquid
above the line of the supply pipe n, by this means I can establish
absolute safety from fire or explosions when using highly inflammable 1
liquid bodies as a liquid fuel in the manner before explained.
In Figure 10 another arrangement of the nozzles is shewn, here the
oil or liquid body flows between two films of air, the three films being
broken up and intermixed in the form of spray, dew, or mist by the force
of the current and consumed at the outlet.
2
It will be understood that the combined agents air and liquid are
employed alone for producing the flame and do not require the aid of
the external atmosphere or other body to support combustion, the air
which I forced through the nozzle being sufficient for the perfect and
complete combustion of the oil or fatty or resinous body as it leaves 2
the nozzle in the divided state.
Among the oils or fatty or resinous bodies suitable for' the purposes
of my Invention I may mention the oils of coal tar, schist, peat,
boghead, or other similar substances, paraffine, petroleum, naptha,
(natural or the residues of distillation), vegetable oils, and resinous 3
bodies or extracts of such animal fats and greases, fatty acids from soapy
or wash waters, &c., &c., reduced to a liquid state by dissolving them in
any suitable manner.
And having now described the nature of my said Invention, and in
what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that I claim,―
First. The production of a flame or flames at the end of a tube or
nozzle, when such flame or flames is or are obtained from oil or a fatty
3

page_text: •
or resinous body in a liquid condition in a state of spray or mist by a
current of air which supports the combustion of the flame, as herein-
before set forth.
Secondly. I claim the employment of flames produced as above recited
to lighting purposes generally, also for heating purposes, whether for
treating metals, generating steam, cooking, drying, or other purposes
for which heat is required, as herein-before described.
Thirdly. I claim the employment of the apparatus shewn in Figures 1.
and 2, and the several modifications thereof as shewn in the accom-
panying Sheet of Drawings, when a flame is used at the outlet of the
nozzle for the purposes and from the ingredients as as set forth.
Fourthly. I claim the burning of liquid fuel at the nozzles or outlets
of pipes or tubes arranged in combination with air tubes, and through
which air under pressure passes to divide the liquid fuel into fine
particles like dew or mist, as herein-before described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Joseph Marie Agnellet, have here-
unto set my hand and seal, the First day of December, in
the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-
one.