IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR WITHDRAWING AIR OR VAPOUR
Year: 1840

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, SAMUEL
CARSON, of Caroline Street, Coleshill Street, Euston Square, in the County of
Middlesex, Gentlemen, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her present most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date at
Westminster, the Fifth day of February, in the third year of Her reign,
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said
Samuel Carson, Her especial licence, full power, sole privilege and authority,
that I, the said Samuel Carson, my exors, adññiors, and assigns, or such
others as I, the said Charles Carson, my exors, admors, or assigns, should
at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times
during the term of years therein expressed, should and lawfully might make,
use, exercise, and vend, within England, Wales, and the Town of Berwick-
upon-Tweed, my Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR WITHDRAWING
AIR OR VAPOUR;" in which said Letters Patent is contained a proviso that
I, the said Samuel Carson, shall cause a particular description of the nature
of my said Iuvention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be
inrolled in Her said Majesty's High Court of Chancery within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said in part recited Letters
Patent, as in and by the same, reference being thereunto had, will more fully
and at large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
Samuel Carson, do hereby declare the nature of my said Invention, and the

page_text: manner in which the same is to be performed, are fully described and ascer-
tained in and by the following statement thereof, reference being had to the
Drawings hereunto annexed, and to the figures and letters marked thereon,
that is to say:-
My Invention relates to certain apparatus for removing air from a chimney
or other shaft.
First, by means of drafts induced by means of the outer atmosphere. And,
Secondly, by means of steam.
And in order to give the best information in my power, I will proceed to
explain the Drawings hereunto annexed, first observing that the same letters
of reference are used to indicate the same parts wherever they occur.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Figure 1 is an elevation of an apparatus constructed according to my
Invention, intended for a chimney or other shaft for withdrawing air therefrom.
Figure 2 is a section of Figure 1, by which the construction and mode of
combining the parts will more readily be understood. a is the upper part of
the shaft or chimney, having suitable bearings affixed therein to receive the
axis of the revolving head 6; the peculiar construction of such head in com-
bination with the upper part of a shaft, or of a chimney, constitutes the
Invention. On the outside of the shaft or chimney a is formed a vessel for
containing water, in order to make a water joint between the shaft and the
revolving head. 6 is a tube affixed on the revolving head, and entering into
the water produces a closed joint. I would, however, remark that other joints
may be used, the object being to obtain as air-tight joint as possible with as
little friction as may be. The revolving head is cylindrical into which the
tube b¹ enters, and the air from the shaft or chimney a enters therein, and
passes away at the point 63, which by using a vane e is at all times in a position
opposite to the direction of the wind, the other end of the cylinder 6 having
a cone ³ affixed therein, and this cone proceeds beyond the opening into the
tube b¹, consequently the wind entering into the cone will pass through it
and enter into the cylinder b at a point beyond the opening into the cylinder b¹,
through which the air from the chimney or shaft enters; hence it will be
evident that the draft produced by the passage of the wind through the cone
will, in causing a current through the cylinder b, cause the air in the chimney
or shaft a to be withdrawn. Figures 3 and 4 shew an elevation and section
of a similar apparatus to that described in the preceding Figures, the only
difference being that the revolving head 6 is not cylindrical, but is made up
of two cylinders of different diameters, which are connected together with a

page_text: cone; in other respects the revolving head acts as the one previously described,
and the internal cone 63 proceeds beyond the opening into the tube b', conse-
quently the wind passing through the cone cannot pass down the shaft or
chimney, but must be a means of producing a considerable draft through the.
revolving head, and thereby withdraw the air from the chimney or shaft a.
Figures 5 and 6 shew a section and an elevation of another arrangement of
apparatus, differing from those just described inasmuch as the revolving head
in place of running from end to end in a horizontal direction, the open end
into the atmosphere is turned upwards, and such is the case with regard to
the cone 6³, and the parts are so arranged that the wind in passing through,
the cone 6 shall not be liable to blow down the chimney, but be the means of
creating a draft through the revolving head in order to withdraw the air from.
the shaft or chimney.
I will now proceed to describe the second part of my Invention. Figure 7.
shows the section of an apparatus constructed according to this part of my
Invention. c is a pipe leading to a chimney or shaft or other place from:
which it is desirable to withdraw air. This pipe c enters into a vessel or
chamber d, which enters into a pipe for carrying away the air in any direction:
desired. e is a steam pipe through which steam is to be constantly flowing,
and it will be seen that the steam pipe passes beyond the opening of the
pipe c, consequently the passage of the steam through it will so act as to
produce a draft or current in a direction through the vessel d, into the pipe e',
hence the air from the pipe c will constantly rush forward with the steam.
Figure 8 shows another apparatus constructed according to my Invention,
and is to be worked by a vacuum produced by the condensation of steam.
f is a shaft or pipe in connection with a mine, a house, or other place from
which it is desired to withdraw air. On the upper part is applied a valve
opening upwards. g is a vessel into which the pipe f¹ enters, consequently
any air which passes from the pipe or way f will flow through f¹ into the
vessel g, and when steam is admitted into the vessel g the air therein will be
driven out at the opening and valves h. This vessel is supplied with two pipes,
one by which steam is allowed to flow into the vessel g. I prefer to use high
pressure steam, and to cut it off at such a position that in expanding it will
fill the veesel g with atmospheric steam; but I do not confine myself thereto.
The other of two pipes leads to a condenser, and there are stopcocks on the
steam pipe and the pipe which leads to the condenser, which cocks are to be
alternately opened and shut. Thus, supposing steam has been allowed to flow
into the vessel g, and was closed, the cock on the pipe leading to the con-
denser would be opened, by which the steam would rush away and be

page_text: condensed, and there would be a vacuum produced in the vessel g; but that
the valve on the passage opens and air flows into and fills the vessel g, the
cock on the pipe to the condenser would then be closed, and the cock on the
steam pipe would be opened, by which steam would again flow into the
vessel g, and drive out the air therefrom by the air valve, and by this arrange-
ment a very cheap apparatus for using steam as a means of withdrawing air
will be obtained.
Having thus described the nature of my Invention, I would remark that
I am aware that revolving heads with cones have been applied to chimnies in
order to improve the draft thereof, but in such cases the cones have not been
made of such a length as to pass beyond the opening into the chimney or shaft,
hence the same has been of little use owing to the wind when it has passed
through the cone being by such arrangement enabled readily to blow down the
chimney or shaft, in place of being the means of creating a draft at a point
beyond the opening into the chimney or shaft, as is the case with my apparatus;
and, I would have it understood that what I claim is,-
The mode of constructing apparatus for withdrawing air from a chimney or
shaft, as described in respect to Figures 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6.
Secondly, I claim the apparatus described in Figure 7 for withdrawing air
by means of steam.
And lastly, I claim the mode of constructing apparatus to be worked by
steam and condensation, as described in respect to Figure 8.
In witness whereof, I, the said Charles Carson, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Fifth day of August, in the year of our Lord One
Inrolled the Fifth day of August, in the year of our Lord One thousand
eight hundred and forty.