Improvements in Heating Apparatus for Floors, Kilns, or Ovens for Drying Semi-liquid or other Compounds or Substances.
Year: 1898

page_text: Improvements in Heating Apparatus for Floors, Kilns, or Ovens for
Drying Semi-liquid or other Compounds or Substances.
I, JOHN THOMPSON COPE, of 86, Tiverton Road, Selly Oak, Birmingham, in
the County of Warwick, Hot Water Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of
this invention to be as follows:-
This invention relates to improvements in heating apparatus for drying
liquid clays, colours, brines or other semi-liquids or analagous substances or
chemical compounds by means of hot air, steam or by hot water.
My invention consists of constructing the heating apparatus for the drying
floors, kilns or ovens for the above purposes of a series of tubes or ducts of a tri-
angular section arranged so that one side of the triangle lies upon the floor.
In this way a series of spaces also of triangular section exist between the
heating tubes or ducts in the reversed position.
The object of my invention is to get an increased amount of heating surface
within a given area of floor space and by the shape and arrangement of the
drying surfaces of the tubes or ducts to prevent adhesion and to facilitate the
removal of the semi-liquids or other compounds or substances dried thereupon.
The tubes or ducts if heated by steam direct may be made of cast iron or other
metal and connected with bolts arranged in recesses at the corners of the same
so that the sides may be cleared without obstruction from flanges or other projec-
tions. Caps are fitted in a similar manner to the ends of each row of tubes or
ducts and connected by small loop pipes at opposite ends in alternate pairs or a
series of tubes or ducts may have a straight connection pipe at opposite ends,
one to supply steam and the other to take away the condensed water which latter
may be returned to the boiler.
If hot air is used as a heating medium the said tubes or ducts may be arranged
to form a flue or series of flues of comparatively larger size and made of wrought
or cast iron, earthenware or other suitable materials with flush joints.
Otherwise high pressure hot water may be utilized by the triangular tubes or
ducts being made as casings for comparatively small bore pipes from which heat
would pass from the same by radiation.
The heating tubes or ducts need not be absolutely triangular but may have
convex or concave sides as may be preferred for the purposes described.
Dated this 26th day of November 1898.

page_text: Improvements in Heating Apparatus for Floors, Kilns, or Ovens, for
Drying Semi-liquid or other Compounds or Substances.
I, JOHN THOMPSON COPE, of No. 86, Tiverton Road, Selly Oak, near the City
of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Hot Water Engineer, do hereby
declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:
This invention relates to improvements in heating apparatus for drying liquid
clays, colours, brines or other semi-liquid or analagous substances or chemical
compounds by means of hot air, steam, or by hot water. My invention consists
of constructing the heating apparatus for the drying floors, kilns, or ovens for
the above purposes of a series of tubes or ducts of a triangular section arranged
so that one side of the triangle lies upon the floor, in this way a series of spaces
also of triangular section exist between the heating tubes or ducts in the reversed
position.
The object of my invention is to get an increased amount of heating surface
within a given area of floor space and by the shape and arrangement of the
drying surfaces of the tubes or ducts to prevent adhesion and to facilitate the
removal of the semi-liquids or other compounds or substances dried thereupon.
The tubes or ducts if heated by steam direct may be made of cast iron or other
metal and connected with bolts arranged in recesses at the corners of the same
so that the sides may be cleared without obstruction from flanges or other pro-
jections. Caps are fitted in a similar manner to the ends of each row of tubes
or ducts, and connected by small loop pipes at opposite ends in alternate pairs,
or a series of tubes or ducts may have a straight connection pipe at opposite ends,
one to supply steam and the other to take away the condensed water which latter
may be returned to the boiler.
If hot air is used as the heating medium the said tubes or ducts may be
arranged to form a flue or series of flues of comparatively larger size and made
of wrought or cast iron, earthenware or other suitable materials with flush joints.
Otherwise high pressure hot water may be utilized by the triangular tubes
or ducts being made as casings for comparatively small bore pipes from which
heat would pass from the same by radiation. The heating tubes or ducts need
not be absolutely triangular but may have convex or concave sides as may be
preferred for the purposes described.
I will now proceed to more particularly describe my invention with reference
to the accompanying sheet of drawings Figure 1 is a perspective view partly
in section of a drying floor kiln or oven fitted with heating apparatus con-
structed and arranged in accordance with my invention.
Figure 2 is a plan of a series of tubes or ducts shewing a modified arrange-
ment of steam or hot water pipe connections. Figures 3 and 4 are transverse
and longitudinal sections to a larger scale of the construction in one form of the
metallic tubes or ducts for direct heating by steam or hot water.
Figures 5 and 6 are similar sections of pipes or ducts made of earthenware
or other suitable materials forming hot air flues or which may be heated by
radiation from internal steam or high pressure hot water pipes.
In Figure 1A A. are the walls and B the floor of a drying kiln or oven of
any usual size and construction.
CC are the tubes or ducts of a triangular or other suitable cross section as
constructed and arranged in accordance with one form of my invention for heat-

page_text: as
ing with direct steam. The said tubes or ducts are fitted with end caps cc and
are by preference divided into suitable lengths and jointed as shewn at
is hereinafter described. D) is the steam inlet pipe which is connected with
the cap on the first of the series of tubes or ducts as shewn and EE are loop
pipes connecting alternate pairs of tubes or ducts. F F are similar pipes arranged
to form the corresponding connection at the far end. G is the outlet which in
the case of direct steam heating may be governed by a steam trap. The waste
water thus condensed may if so preferred be returned by an injector or by other
means to the steam boiler.
In the case of heating by hot water the loop connecting pipes E and F and
the inlet and outlet pipes D and G are made somewhat farger so that a rapid
circulation is kept up through the series of tubes or ducts C C and the inlet
and outlet pipes D and G are connected with the flow and return pipes of any
usual hot water boiler.
In Figure 2 is shewn a modification of the connections also applicable to
heating by steam or hot water. In the case of steam H is the inlet pipe with
direct connections in common to all the tubes or ducts C C and I is a similar
connection at the opposite end governed by a steam trap as before. In the
arrangement for hot water H and I form the connections with the flow and
return pipes. The tubes or ducts C Cin the arrangement shewn in Figure 1
when direct steam is used are laid with a slight fall in alternate directions from
inlet to outlet to run off the water from the condensed steam and in the arrange-
ment shewn in Figure 2 simply with a slight fall from the front to the back
of the floor of the kiln or oven. The tubes or ducts C C when constructed for
direct steam or hot water heating as above described may be made and jointed
as shewn to a larger scale in Figures 3 and 4. CC shew the body of a portion
of one of the said tubes or ducts. c is an end cap bolted to C with the bolts J the
nuts of which set up in the recesses K K as shewn or may be fitted in any other
approved manner so that the surfaces of the tubes or ducts may be cleared with-
out obstruction. The intermediate joints may be formed in a similar
manner and for similar purposes.
Figures 5 and 6 shew details also to an enlarged scale of the tubes or ducts C C
when the same are adapted for direct hot air heating or as casings or covers
for heating by radiation from central or internal steam or high pressure hot
water pipes. In the former case the tubes or ducts are made of comparatively
large size and preferably of earthenware or other suitable materials and with
socket and spigot or other suitable joints flush on the outside as shewn. The
figures shew the same as used with steam or high pressure hot water pipes in
which CC is the casing or cover which may be of earthenware, sheet metal of
any kind, plated or otherwise or of any suitable non-corrosive material or sub-
stance. L is the steam or high pressure hot water pipe from which the casing
or cover C C is heated by radiation.
With steam the connections are arranged as before with steam trap at the
end of the pipes and in the case of high pressure hot water the heat may be
maintained in the usual way by a coil boiler which may be connected with one
or more kilns or ovens. Two or more steam or high pressure hot water pipes
may be run through the casings or covers C C if necessary or preferred. The
tubes or ducts may be made with convex or concave sides instead of being
absolutely triangular or of any equivalent section mainly triangular for the
purposes hereinbefore described.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said in-
vention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is
1. The construction and use of heating apparatus for floors, kilns or ovens
for drying semi-liquid or other compounds or substances with a series of tubes
or ducts of a triangular or other equivalent section with easily cleared spaces

page_text: between the tubes or ducts, the same being heated with steam or hot water
substantially as and for the purposes hereinbefore described and set forth.
2. The construction and use for drying semi-liquid or other compounds or sub-
stances of a similar series of tubes or ducts heated with hot air direct or by
radiation from internal steam or high pressure hot water pipes substantially as
and for the purposes herein before described and set forth.
3. The construction and use of heating pipes of a triangular or other equiva-
lent shape jointed for steam or hot water with recesses K and bolts J or equiva-
lent devices as and for the purposes herein before described and set forth.
Dated this 12th day April 1899.
JOHN THOMPSON COPE.