An Improved Beater and Mixer for Confectioners.
Year: 1891

page_text: Date of Application, 31st Mar., 1891-Accepted, 9th May, 1891
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COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
An Improved Beater and Mixer for Confectioners.
DECTER
I, JOHN WESLEY CONDON of Rochester, Fulton County, State of Indiana,
United States of America, Inventor, do hereby declare the nature of this invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described
and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
The object of my invention is to provide a universal beater and mixer for the use
of confectioners. In beating whites of eggs, a very high speed is required for the
revolving beaters. For whipping cream a rapid motion is needed in the centre of
the cylinder and a slow motion at the circumference. In mixing icing and pound
cake a low speed is needed; and in mixing jelly-roll and sponge cake an inter-
mediate speed is used. My invention is designed to provide a single machine
which may be adapted in an economical way to these different uses, and it consists
in the peculiar construction of the driving gears in combination with the mixing
and beating devices which I will now proceed to fully describe.
Reference is to be had to the accompanying drawings, forming part of this
Specification, wherein
Figure 1 is a vertical central section of my improved beater and mixer, and
Figure 2 a detail of two of the substitute gears shewn in connection with the
larger series of teeth of the driving gear.
C
A represents the cast iron base mounted upon legs. Within the raised edge of
this base is sustained a circular galvanised iron pan B with cover C. Upon the
base outside the pan is mounted an upright or standard D carrying bearings for a
horizontal shaft E which is driven by a pulley F and belt G or by hand crank if
desired. On the end of the shaft E opposite the pulley is rigidly mounted a saucer-
shaped wheel H having two rows of bevel teeth a and b of different diameters and
also occupying different vertical planes. I and J represent the beating and mixing
devices. These consist of a rectangular frame I of galvanized iron having a central
hub 11 at the top a step bearing 12 at the bottom and a scraper 13 at one side to
scrape the side of the pan. Within the hub I' at the top and in a step bearing of
the frame I at the bottom there revolves a beater shaft which has upon one side
a series of long radially-projecting teeth e and upon the other side a series of short
radially-projecting teeth d, in the top and bottom ones of which latter is pivoted to
revolve a freely-turning stirrer K whose blades e pass between the teeth d and also
act as beaters and mixers. The frame I has a positive revolution in one direction
and the shaft J and its parts have a positive revolution in the opposite direction,
by the well known use of bevel gears, while the freely-revolving stirrer K is not
driven about its axis but turns passively in the material in which it is submerged,
with a revolution which is caused by the fact that the blades e encounter a greater
resistance on the outer half of their independent rotation (near the pan) than they
do through the inner half of their independent rotation (near the central shaft).
This automatic stirrer throwing the contents of the pan from centre to circum-
ference and from circumference to centre again, renders the mixture homogeneous
in density and weight and prevents the separation of the mass into layers, from
centrifugal action.
This form of passively-rotating stirrer has been used before and I make no claim
to it broadly.
In the present invention, however, the blades of this passively-rotating stirrer
pass between the teeth d of the beater shaft and are caused to subserve thereby the
further useful function of beating and mixing more effectually.
To impart a reversed rotary motion to the frame I and beater shaft J, the
following means are employed:-The hub I' of the frame I is formed with a

page_text: notch n to receive the lug of a detachable bevel gear M whose hub is long enough
to raise its teeth up to the level of the smaller row a of beyel teeth on the double
gear and the diameter of which gear M is great enough to cause its teeth to
penetrate the hollow of the double gear and to mesh with the smaller series of gear
teeth therein. This gear M surrounds the beater shaft and has a sleeve that drops
within the hub I' of frame I and when the lug is in notch n, motion is transmitted
from the smaller row of teeth a to the frame I causing it to rotate in a given
direction and at a given speed. To change this speed, a new bevel gear wheel M¹
is substituted for M. M' has a shorter hub and also a smaller diameter, so as to
throw its teeth into engagement with the larger series of teeth 6 of the double
bevel gear.
This causes the frame I to be revolved at a greatly increased speed.
To rotate the beater shaft a detachable bevel gear N is connected to its upper end
by a feather and groove, the upper end of the shaft being carried in a detachable
socket bearing O which is held in the end of the supporting arm by a set screw s.
The hub of this bevel gear N is arranged above its teeth so as to throw its teeth
into the plane of the series a of the double bevel gear. To change speed, the
socket bearing O is removed and the gear N is taken off and another N₁ is put in
its place. This gear N¹ has its hub below the teeth and is also made of a smaller
diameter so as to bring its teeth into engagement with the larger series of the
double bevel gear.
As the two detachable gears are upon opposite sides of the double bevel gear,
it
will be seen that the beater shaft and the frame I are revolved in opposite
directions. By adjusting the detachable gear so as to make them both run upon
the inner series of teeth a or the outer series of teeth b, an increased or decreased
speed may be obtained with the same relative speed to each other, while by
changing the detachable gears so that one runs upon one series a and the other
upon the other series, not only an increased or diminished speed for one may be
obtained but a different relative speed to each other. These adaptations permit of
a very wide range of application in the confectioners' art. It is well adapted to
making charlotte russe, and avoids the necessity for having different machines for
the different materials with the incidental results of cleaning these different
machines and cost of maintaining the same.
I am aware that it is common in beaters and mixers to accomplish a duplex
rotation in opposite directions by bevel gears and that a bevel gear with a double
row of teeth is not broadly new, and I do not claim this.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is―
1. The combination, with the reversely-revolving shaft and frame in a beater
and mixer, of a drive shaft provided with a bevel gear having a double row of
teeth of different diameters and in different planes and interchangeable sets of bevel
gears detachably locked to said frame and shaft and having their hubs and
diameters of variable dimensions adapted to the series of teeth of the double bevel
gear, substantially as shewn and described.
2. The revolving beater and mixer, consisting of a can or cylinder, a revolving
frame I and a central shaft having a vertical series of arms or teeth d and a
vertically-arranged and freely revolving stirrer K journaled in the upper and lower
arms d and provided with radial blades e arranged to pass between the arms d,
substantially as shewn and described.
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