IMPROVE- MENTS IN CONTINUOUS SPINNING AND ROVING MACHINES FOR SPINNING AND PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION WOOL, A PART OF WHICH IS APPLICABLE TO SPINNING OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES
Year: 1858

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Enoch Sykes, Reuben Sykes, and Philemon Sykes,
all of Huddersfield, In tho County of York, for the Invention of "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN CONTINUOUS SPINNING AND ROVING MACHINES FOR SPINNING AND
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Enoch Sykes, Reuben
Sykes, and Philemon Sykes at the Office of the Commissioners of
Patents, with his Petition, on the 29th May 1858.
We, ENOCH SYKES, REUDEN SYKES, and PHILEMON SYKES, all of Hudders-.
field, in the County of York, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention
for IMPROVEMENTS IN CONTINUOUS SPINNING AND ROVING MACHINES FOR SPINNING
AND ROVING WOOL, A PART OF WHICH IS APPLICABLE TO SPINNING OTHER FIBROUS
SUBSTANCES," to be as follows:-
Our improvements in continuous spinning and roving machines consist,
Firstly, in the introduction of a motion between the giving-out rollers and the
drawing rollers, by means of which the twist is regularly transmitted to the
giving-out rollers, and at the same time the drawing of the threads is partly
effected. Secondly, in the introduction of a spooling or winding motion into
continuous spinning machines for spinning wool. Thirdly, in the peculiar
construction of a spring box, one of which is on each spindle, and on which
rests the bobbin for receiving the spun yarn. The springs are introduced into
the interior of the box, for the purpose of holding the bobbin upon the spindle
and to prevent it acquiring too great a velocity. By this means the yarn is
wrapped regularly upon the bobbin, and at the same time breakages of the
threads are almost wholly prevented. Fourthly, in improvements in the
general arrangements and construction of the machines.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Enoch Sykes, Reuben Sykes, and Philemon Sykes in the
Great Seal Patent Office, on the 27th November 1858.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, ExOCH
SYKES, REUBEN SYKES, and PHILEMON SYKES, all of Huddersfield, in the County
of York, send greeting.
WHEREAS IIer most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Iler Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-ninth day of May, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-eight, in the twenty-first year of fler
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto us, the
said Enoch Sykes, Reuben Sykes, and Philemon Sykes, Her special licence
that we, the said Enoch Sykes, Reuben Sykes, and Philemon Sykes, our
exccutors, administrators; and assigns, or such others as we, the said Enoch
Sykes, Reuben Sykes, and Philemon Sykes, our executors, administrators,
and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time
to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should
and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom
of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN CONTINUOUS SPINNING AND ROVING MACHINES
FOR SPINNING AND ROVING WOOL, A PART OF WHICH IS APPLICABLE TO SPINNING OTHER
FIBROUS SUBSTANCES," upon the condition (amongst others) that we, the said
Enoch Sykes, Reuben Sykes, and Philemon Sykes, our executors or adminis-
trators, by an instrument in writing under our or their hands and seals, or under
the hand and seal of one of us or them, should particularly describe and ascer-
tain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to
be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office
within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said
Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said Enoch Sykes, Reuben Sykes, and
Philemon Sykes, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention, and in
what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement thereof, reference being had to
the Drawings hereunto annexed, in which when different views are given of
the same object the same letters indicate the same parts in each.
Figure 1 represents in elevation the driving end of the machine; Figure 2,
the opposite end in elevation; Figure 3, a longitudinal elevation, with a
portion of the middle part omitted; and Figure 4, a plan of the same. (A, A.).
are the frame castings. On all the frame castings are put suitable pieces of

page_text: metal B, Figure 4, to bear up the frame, and to which are fastened the roller
beams C, the middle roller beams being made in a suitable way to fix them
upon the framework, and to answer for the support of the framework, and
also for the roller beams. To each of the spinning machines are 4 lines of
fluted rollers D. On each side of the machine is one line of spindles E. as
shewn in Figure 4, so that two of the lines of rollers answer for one line of
spindles, and the other two lines of rollers for the opposite line of spindles ;
two of these lines of rollers D are put in the centre of the machine; these aro
the giving-out rollers. The other two lines of rollers D" are the drawing
rollers, and are placed upon and over the angular iron roller beam, and nearly
close to the edge of the frame, as shewn in Figures 3 and 4. Immediately
behind the drawing rollers are the tubes F (Figure 3), which give to tho
sliver the necessary twist for drawing. But in order to effect the Drawing of
the threads with greater certainty and regularity than heretofore, we have
placed about two inches behind the tube box, and at an elevation of about five
inches from the top of the framework, two shafts G (as seen in Figure 3), one
on each side, running the whole length of the machine. On these shafts are
placed a number of wing castings II, so that one such casting is opposite to
cach tube. The wing castings I are fixed on to cach shaft by set screws.
Each shaft, with its several wing castings fitted to it, we call a "drawing and
retarding wing revolver." For the form of the wing castings see Figures 5 and
6, which are drawn full size. It is not absolutely essential that the wing
casting should be in or of the form given in the description and the Drawings.
The wings of the wing casting, as shewn, present three points of contact; it is
not necessary to limit the points of contact to three, though we prefer three,
and think that number the best; there may be more; whatever their number
they should describe the same circle, and be equidistant from each other at
their extreme ends. Also it is not essential that the several points of contact
(whatever their number be, three or more,) should be attained by distinct
castings or distinct pieces of other material; they may be made in one con-
tinuous piece, and such continuous piece may be of any proper material, but
the points of contact should be of metal, and we should prefer their being of
cast iron.
. See Figure 11 for an end view of a triangular "drawing and retarding
wing revolver" in one continuous piece; and Figure 12 is another view of the
same, shewing its boss. The operation of the "drawing and retarding wing
revolver" is this; as the wings are brought in contact with the part of the
thread twisted, they retard the twisting of the thread in that part of it which
is or lies between its point of contact with the thon operating wing of the

page_text: $6
drawing and retarding wing revolver" and its point of contact with tho
regulating and steadier blade;" the wings also operate to elongate or draw
the sliver.
Immediately behind the extremity of the wings on the drawing and
retarding wing revolver, and about five inches from the tube boxes I, is placed
perpendicularly, at an elevation of about six inches from the top of the frame,
the "regulating and steadier blade" J (Figure 2), running the whole length of
the machine. This blade is about two and a half inches broad, and a quarter
inch thick, rounded at the under edge; the threads pass under and against its
rounded edge. The operation of the "regulating and steadier blade" is this:
As the threads pass under and against its rounded edge, the blade by pressing
upon them operates to steady the sliver from the agitation caused by the
action of the drawing and retarding wing revolver upon the threads; it also
operates to regulate the twisting of the sliver up to the giving-out rollers.
The edge of the blade will require to be placed or set so as to press more or
less strongly upon the threads, according to the different kinds of material and
the fineness to which the yarns are to be spun. To effect this change of the
position of the blade, and set it according to what is required, the fixings K
for supporting the blade are so contrived as to be raised or lowered at pleasure
by means of thumb screws when the fastening nut is loosened, see Figure 2
and Figures 7 and 8, which latter Figures are drawn full size, and represent
the blade J, the moveable screw L, and the fastening nut M, the Figure 7
being a vertical section of the outer end, and Figure 8 being a vertical view
of it on the same side as the drawing and retarding wing revolver. The
motion is given to the shaft, on which is placed the drawing and retarding wing
revolver by means of an endless strap N from a pulley O and shaft P below
(of which we shall speak by and by), see Figure 1. The giving-out rollers are
made in lengths. At the extremity of each of these lengths a stand pedestal Q
is fixed to the roller beam, on which rests the axis of the rollers, the same
being so contrived as to answer for the fixings for the tube boxes I, which are
in lengths, and also for the cap bars R, in which the upper rollers of the
giving-out and drawing rollers work. E are the spindles, on which are placed
the bobbins to receive the yarn as it is spun. The bobbins move up and down
the spindles by means of two heart wheels (see Figures 3 and 4), of which we
shall speak hereafter. A spooling motion is also introduced so as to adapt the
machines for spinning upon bobbins without ends. Weights R, D, for
regulating the speed of the bobbins, are suspended by strings on the lifting
motion and behind the bobbins, but these weights are not indispensable, and
may be omitted. On the edge of the lifter rail S, and in front of the bobbins,

page_text: is a screwed rod T, traversing the whole length of the machine. On the
screwed parts of this rod T hang the strings and weights, so that as the rod is
turned one way or the other, the weights or breakers are in contact with more
or less of the surface of the bobbins. The extent to which this hold on the
surface of the bobbins may be desirable, according to the thickness of the
yarns which are spinning, may be attained by moving the strings holding the
weights nearer or further from the bobbins.
By the above contrivance a very tender thread has perfect control over the
bobbins, so that it can wrap itself with regularity upon the bobbin, preventing
at the same time threads from breaking and snarling, which would be the case
under other circumstances.
As we have not spoken of the way in which the condensed or roved slivers
are brought in contact with the giving out rollers, we now proceed to do so.
About nine and a half inches above the giving out rollers is a tin or zinc
cylinder U (see Figures 3 and 4), on which are placed the bobbins (with sup-
ports to hold them) from the condenser or rover, and as we have said there are
two lines of giving out rollers, so that every alternate thread upon the con-
densed or roved bobbin is placed in one line and the other in the other line, there-
fore the spindles on one side of the machine are spinning half of the condensed
or roved threads, and the spindles on the side the other half. At the double
or driving end of the machine is placed a shaft V (Figure 1), on which are the
driving pullies W, and on the same shaft is fixed a larger pulley X (Figure 1),
which gives motion, by means of an endless strap Y, to the tin or zine cylinder
Z below for driving the spindles. On each side of the machine are placed
perpendicularly to the centre of the tube, and about twenty inches below the
tube boxes, the zinc or tin cylinders A', Figure 1, for giving motion to the
twisting tubes, which are driven by small cords or twine. Lower down and in
the centre of tho machine is the cylinder Z, Figure 1, which gives motion to
the spindles by means of small cords or twine. A little below the same
elevation are two other shafts B' (Figure 1), one on the right and the other
on the left of the tin or zinc cylinder. On these two shafts are placed the
pullies C', for driving the shafts, on which is the drawing and retarding wing
revolver. At the outside extremity of these shafts are pullies D' of suitable
sizes, and also on the before-named tin or zine cylinders for driving the spindles.
The three pullies C', C, Z, are placed in a direct line with the large pulley on
the driving shaft and strap Y, thus giving motion to the two shafts and spindle
cylinder below (see Figure 1), the same strap Y also passes over another
pulley E', working on a stud, Figure 1. This pulley has a long boss on which
are placed pullies of suitable sizes F', for driving the two tin or zinc cylinders,

page_text: which give action to the twisting tubes, and which may be changed at pleasure.
On the top of the frame at the double end is fixed a shaft G', Figure 1, the
outside end of which is adapted for receiving the pinion wheels H. This shaft
receives its motion from one of the two shafts B', B', giving action to the
drawing and retarding wing revolver. The pinion H' on the upper shaft gives
motion to the train of wheels driving the drawing rollers D, see Figure 1.
At the opposite end of the machine, Figure 2, and on the drawing rollers, is
placed the pinion 1' for giving motion to the train of wheels which give action
to the giving out rollers. This train of wheels is so adapted from the drawing
rollers to the giving out rollers as to be lifted up or lowered at pleasure to
adapt the wheels to any size of pinion, where it may be required for drawing
to the proper thickness the threads which are under the operation of spinning
or roving. On the same end of the machine, and on the drawing roller, is a
bevil wheel J', and another K' working with it (see Figure 2), which is upon
a line shaft L. At the other extremity of the line shaft is a worm wheel M¹;
that works round a spur wheel N', which gives action to the lifting motion,
and also to the spooling motion, as seen in Figures 9 and 10.
Having, as we have said, added a spooling motion to our spinning machine,
Figures 9 and 10 are two views of it, one view, Figure 9, being the end
elevation, and Figure 10 being as seen when looking on its horizontal plane.
The shafts severally marked are the same as in Figure 2, see that Figure
and Figure 9. At tlic points O, O', Figure 10, on the horizontal shaft, are
two small heart wheels O", O", and adjoining are two worms fixed on the shaft
P1, P1, which give motion to the two cones seen in Figure 10, by means of
wheels Q, R, S', Figure 9. These wheels are so adjusted as to cause the
cones T, T, to make nearly one revolution only during the whole time the
bobbins are filling with yarn. The two cones are placed on two short shafts,
as seen in Figure 10, on which shafts are fixed keys, two key beds being ent
through the bosses of the cones, so as to allow the cones to pass upon the
shaft casily. It must be understood that the pullies at the ends of the lifting
motion bars are pressing against the coues (see Figure 10, lifting bar), and on
the opposite side of the cones are the two heart wheels before referred to, and
the cones by pressing against them slide backwards and forwards, causing the
lifter to work up and down, and give to the yarn what is called the "pick."
Having described our spinning machine, we now proceed to give the little
difference existing between it and the roving machine, which may or may not
be worked in connection with the spinning machine.
The roving machine is constructed in its framework with two lines of rollers
only (one the giving-out roller, the other the drawing roller), so as to bring the

page_text: threads all to one side of the machine instead of to both sides, as in the
spinning machine, and with only one drawing and retarding wing revolver. The
same number of twisting tubes and wing castings is introduced in the same
length. Each being only half the distance from each other that they are in
the spinning machine. We may also add that, in our roving machine the
threads are wound on the same kind of bobbins as those used upon the con-
denser so that no spindles or means to drive them are required. With these
exceptions, the roving machine is built, worked, and changed in all its various
lengths of drawing and speeds in like manner as the spinning machine.
We claim as of our Invention, first, the contrivance of a "drawing and
retarding wing revolver," adapted and applied as above described.
Second, the contrivance of a "regulating and steadier blade," adapted and
applied as above described.
Third, the application of an adjusting screw to raise or depress the " regu-
lating and steadier blade," adapted and applied as above described.
Fourth, the arrangement and fixing in any continuous spinning or roving
machine of the tube box and the cap bar to the roller stands, as above
described.
Lastly, an improvement in the general arrangement and construction of the
machines.
In witness whereof, we, the said Enoch Sykes, Reuben Sykes, and
Philemon Sykes, have hereunto set our hands and seals, this Twenty-
fifth day of November, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight
hundred and fifty-eight.