IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS (OR APPLIANCES) DISCLAIMER AND MEMORANDUM OF ALTERATION. FOR STOPPING AND RESTARTING TRAMWAY CARS, CARRIAGES AND OTHER LIKE VEHICLES
Year: 1881

page_text: In the Matter of Letters Patent granted to CHARLES EDWARD DAVISON of
Bedford House Stamford Hill in the County of Middlesex, Gentleman,
for the invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS (OR APPLIANCES)
DISCLAIMER AND MEMORANDUM OF ALTERATION proposed to be
entered by the said Charles Edward Davison.
!
WHEREAS Her Most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria by Her Royal
Letters Patent bearing date the eleventh day of November in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and eighty one in the forty fifth year of Her
Reign did for Herself Her Heirs and successors give and grant unto me the said
Charles Edward Davison my executors administrators and assigns the sole
privilege of making using exercising and vending within the United Kingdom of
Great Britain and Ireland the Channel Islands and Isle of Man the said invention
of "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS (OR APPLIANCES) FOR STOPPING AND RESTARTING
TRAMWAY CARS, CARRIAGES AND OTHER LIKE VEHICLES" for and during the term of
fourteen years thence next ensuing
And whereas in pursuance of a proviso in the said Letters Patent a specification
of the said invention was duly filed in the Great Seal Patent Office
.
And whereas since the filing of the said specification I the said Charles Edward
Davison have ascertained that portions of the said invention claimed in the
specification thereof were not new in respect of the public knowledge and use
thereof at the date of the said Letters Patent and that by reason of imperfect
description of other portions of the said invention and errors in the letters of
reference in the drawing accompanying the same the said specification is ambiguous
and misleading I am therefore desirous of amending the said Specification as
follows, that is to say referring to the Queen's Printers' copy thereof. On page 3
I strike out of line 7 the word "vertical," and out of line 10 the word "horizontal"
I strike out of the same line the word "this" after the word "form" and substitute

page_text: out
d
46
"
"
therefor the word "and." Out of line 11 I strike the words "is likewise" and the
word "vertical." I strike out of line 12 the word "same" and in the same line
I substitute for the word "in" the word " on." In line 14 I substitute for the
words "rim or edge" the words "rims or edges." In line 17 I strike out the word
"has" and substitute therefor the words "there are." In line 20 I insert after the
word "attached" the words "by one end" and I strike out of the same line the
words "I fix" and insert the word ":
'is."
In line 26 I insert after the word
"cock" the word "are." I strike out the whole of the matter in lines 27, 28, 29,
30 and 31. In line 32 I strike out the word "attached" and substitute therefor
the word "connected" and I strike out of the same line the letter "m." I strike
out of line 33 the word “attached,” the letter “n," and the words "preferably
the" and I strike out of line 34 the word "latter." I strike out of line 35
the word "pulls" and substitute therefor the word "moves." In the same line I
insert the letter "m" after the word "lever" and I strike out the phrase "towards
him (e) in the" I strike out the whole of line 36 and the word
this" com-
mencing line 37 and substitute therefor the word "to" and in the same line I
substitute for the word "gears" the word "gear." In line 38 I strike out the
word "he" after the word "direction" and insert the words in which the car."
In the same line I insert after the word "these" the word "wheels and strike
out the word "up" after the word "wind." In line 41 I substitute for the word
"the" the word "this" before the word "action" and in line 47 I strike out the
phrase "ie puts it forward." On page 4 in line 4 I strike out the word " to "
after the word "partially." I strike out the whole of the matter in lines 7 and 8.
In line 19 I strike out the word "to" after the word "end" and substitute for
the word " terminate tire word terminating." In line 25 I strike out the
words "as well as " and I substitute therefor the words "Instead of." In line 31
I strike out the phrase 2" or 3" between the words "be" and "larger." In
line 37 I strike out the word "a before the word "stopping." In line 40 I
insert after the word "gear" the word "wheels" and in line 55 I strike out the
words "on the other hand" and I strike out of line 50 the words "Fig: 1." On
page 5 I strike out of line 1 the words "joint or simultaneous." I also strike out
the 1st 4th 5th 6th 7th and 8th claiming clauses and renumber consecutively the
remaining claims. I insert in line 6 after the word "levers" and in line 8 after
the word "arrangements "the words "substantially as bereinbefore described."
And I amend the drawing accompanying the said specification as follows that is to
say, in Figure 1 I substitute for the reference letters m" the letter m and I insert
the letters c, i and 7. In Figure 2 I erase the letters m which are wrongly placed
thereon and insert these letters in their proper position.
"
"J
"
"And in order that the effect of the said disclaimer and memorandum of Alteration
may be clearly understood, I append hereto a copy of the said specification
(omitting the introductory and concluding clauses thereof) as it will appear when
so amended.
1
"For tramway cars with revolving axles, I propose to fix to one axle two wheels,
"the first a with one sided teeth radiating from the centre to its periphery on one
"side only, the other b having bevelled teeth on its periphery at an angle of 43°;
"this is geared to a wheel c having teeth of similar form; and geared to a wheel d
"with similar teeth on its outer side, but with one sided teeth radiating from the
" centre to its periphery as on a on the inner face.
"
"Between a and d I place a cylinder or drum e with raised rims or edges
moving freely on the axle, having on its outer face one-sided teeth of the same
"Bize and form as those of a, and on the inner face of d.
"This drum clears a and d wheels when in its normal position, and there are
"suitable levers m controlled by the car driver, whereby he can move it right or
" left so as to gear it with a or d wheel as may be required.

page_text: No text detected.

page_text: "
"
"It will be seen that by means of the coned clutch arrangement my invention
can be more readily utilized as a friction brake, as well as stopping and starting
gear, thus rendering the ordinary brake arrangement altogether unnecessary.
"The slack chain on the one drum, in the case of two drums, can be wound
by means of mitre gear-wheels driven by the axle.
"
up
The adaptation of the herein described combination of machinery to tram cars
"and other vehicles must inevitably result in an enormous saving in the cost and
wear and tear of horses, as my invention enables the driver to start or back the
car without necessitating any extra exertion being made by the horses &
"The framing p, p I prefer to make tubular, thus ensuring rigidity with
lightness and economy.
"
"To prevent the freezing of the oil in the reservoir I mix a small proportion of
glycerine with it, say one tenth.
"
Having thus described and particularly ascertained the nature of my said
"invention and the manner in which the same is or may be used or carried into
effect,―
"
I wish it to be understood that I do not confine or restrict myself to the precise,
" details or arrangements which I have had occasion to describe and delineate; as
many variations may be made therefrom without departing from the main or
" essential features thereof; neither, do I claim the first use of wheels and
clutches a, b, c and d (as these have heretofore been used), except in their com-
bination and mode of action for the purposes of my said invention, as herein
specified; but what I consider novel and original, and therefore claim as the
"invention to be secured to me by Letters Patent is.-
བཱ རྒྱུ རྨ ; རྒྱུ ཐཾ ཌྷ
"ε
"
"
-
"1st. The hydraulic tube g with its accessories, piston, piston rod, spiral spring,
"oil reservoir, valves and cocks and connections to levers, substantially-as-
"herein before described.
2nd. Friction or one sided tooth clutches in combination with hydraulic tube
" and accessories and starting and stopping arrangements' substantially as herein-
"before described.
3rd Further I claim the combination or combinations of the several parts, as
"herein before described "
In witness whereof I the said Charles Edward Davison have hereunto set
my hand and seal this eleventh day of June in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and eighty three.'
Notice of the application for leave to file this Disclaimer and Memorandum of
Alteration having been advertized in accordance with my directions
I hereby grant my Fiat giving leave to the above named Charles Edward
Davison to file in the Office of The Commissioners of Patents for Inventions
with the Specification to which the same relates the foregoing Disclaimer and
Memorandum of Alteration
Dated this twenty fifth day of June 7002

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Charles Edward Davison, of Bedford House, Stamford
Hill, in the County of Middlesex, Gentleman, for an Invention of "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN APPARATUS (OR APPLIANCES) FOR STOPPING AND RE-STARTING
TRAMWAY CARS, CARRIAGES, AND OTHER LIKE VEHICLES."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Charles Edward Davison at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 11th November 1881.
CHARLES EDWARD DAVISON, of Bedford House, Stamford Hill, County of
Middlesex, Gentleinan. "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS (OR APPLIANCES) FOR
STOPPING AND RE-STARTING TRAMWAY CARS, CARRIAGES, AND OTHER LIKE
VEHICLES."
For tramway cars having revolving axles I propose to fix to one axle two
vertical wheels, the first with bevilled perpendicular teeth radiating from the
centre to its periphery on one side only, the other, No. 2, having bevilled teeth on
its periphery at an angle of 45°; this is geared to a horizontal wheel, No. 3, having
teeth of similar form; this is likewise geared to a vertical wheel, No. 4, with similar
teeth on its outer side, but with bevilled teeth perpendicularly radiating from the
centre to its periphery, same as in No. 1 on the inner face. Between No. 1 and No. 4
1 place a cylinder or drum with raised rim or edge moving freely on the axle,
having on its outer face bevilled teeth of the same size and form as those on No. 1
and on the inner face of No. 4; this drum clears No. 1 and 4 wheels when at its
first or neutral position, and has suitable levers controlled by the car driver,
whereby he can move it right or left so as to gear it with either No. 1 or No. 4
wheel, as may be required.
Attached to the cylinder or drum I fix a chain or cord, the other end being
attached to a pin at the foot of a suitable helical spring or springs working on a
guiding tube; this again is attached to an air tight piston working in an hydraulic
tube, the further end of the latter tube having attached thereto a valve opening
inwards only; also an opening and shutting cock, the valve and cock both opening

page_text: into an oil chamber. Attached to the car is a jointed lever, its arm projecting so
as to allow the pin at the foot of the helical spring to pass it when the spring is
being wound up, but to be caught by it, and carry or replace the conductor's lever
to its first or neutral position, when the spring returns to its first position, and thus
then automatically puts the wheels out of gear. The oil cock is attached to suitable
levers under the control of the car driver, or attached to the starting gear of the
horse, preferably the latter.
To stop a čar in motion the driver pulls the lever by his side towards him (i.e.),
in the opposite direction to that in which the car is moving; this gears the cylinder
or drum to either No. 1 or 4 wheel, according to the direction he is going;
(these No. 1 or No. 4) act as driving wheels, and wind up the chain or cord round
the cylinder; this compresses the helical spring, and pulls after it the piston in the
oil tube, drawing in the oil from the chamber after it through the inward opening
valve, the momentum of the car being eventually overcome by the action of the
spring, & the car is brought to a standstill; the helical spring now acts upon the
piston, pressing it back, but the latter is retained in its position by the closing of
the valve. The vehicle thus remains stationary until the driver wishes.
To start the car, when he reverses the motion of the lever above referred to, i.e.,
puts it forward, this moves the cylinder so as to gear it with the opposite wheel,
and through the action of the wheels Nos. 2, 3, & 4 the motion is reversed.
On the first motion of the horses (their starting gear being connected with the
oil cock) they open the oil cock and permit the spring to return home, forcing the
car onwards. On the helical spring pin passing the jointed lever attached 'to
the lever, it moves the latter automatically to its first or neutral position.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Charles Edward Davison in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
10th May 1882.
"
CHARLES EDWARD DAVISON, of Bedford House, Stamford Hill, in the County of
Middlesex, Gentleman. IMPROVEMENTS IN STOPPING AND STARTING TRAMWAY
CARS, CARRIAGES, AND OTHER LIKE VEHICLES."
For tramway cars with revolving axles I propose to fix to one axle two vertical
wheels, the first (a) with one sided teeth radiating from the centre to its periphery
on one side only, the other (b) having bevelled teeth on its periphery at an angle
of 45°; this is geared to a horizontal wheel (c) having teeth of similar form; this
is likewise geared to a vertical wheel (d) with similar teeth on its outer side, but
with one sided teeth radiating from the centre to its periphery, same as in (a) on
the inner face.
Between (a) and (d) I place a cylinder or drum (e) with raised rim or edge
moving freely on the axle, having on its outer face one-sided teeth of the same size
and form as those of (a), and on the inner face of (d).
This drum clears (a) and (d) wheels when in its normal position, and has suitable
levers (m) controlled by the car driver, whereby he can move it right or left so as
to gear it with (a) or (d) wheel as may be required.
Attached to the cylinder or drum I fix a chain or steel wire rope (✓), the other -
end being attached to a rod working in a cylinder or tube (g) having an air tight
gland; this is attached to a perforated piston (0), the end of the said cylinder or
tube having attached thereto a valve (h), Fig. 3, opening inwards only; also an
opening and shutting cock (i). Enclosed in the cylinder (9), and embracing the
piston rod, I place a strong spiral spring (5) extending from the piston to the head
of cylinder. The valve and cock both connected to an oil chamber (1).
Attached to the car is a jointed lever (m), its arm projecting so as to allow the
pin at the foot of the spring to pass it when the spring is being wound up, but to
be caught by it and carry or replace the conductor's lever to its first or normal
position, when the spring returns to its first position, and thus then automatically
disengages the gear.
The oil cock is attached to suitable levers (m) under the control of the car
driver, or attached to the starting gear (n) of the horse, or to both, preferably the
latter.
To stop a car the driver pulls the lever by his side towards him (i.e.), in the
opposite direction to that in which the car is moving.
This gears the cylinder or drum to either (a) or (d) wheel, according to the
direction he is going; these (a) or (d) act as driving wheels, and wind up the chain
or steel wire rope round the cylinder (e); this compresses the spring, and pulis
after it the piston in the oil tube, drawing in the oil from the chamber after it
through the inward opening valve, by the action creating a partial vacuum, the
momentum of the car being eventually overcome by the action of the spring, and
the car brought to a standstill; the spring now acts upon the piston (o), pressing it
back, but the latter is retained in its position by the closing of the valve (h). The
vehicle thus remains stationary so long as necessary.
To start the car the driver first reverses the motion of the lever above referred
to (i.c.), puts it forward, this moves the cylinder or drum so as to gear it with the
opposite wheel, and through the action of the wheels (b, c, d,) the motion is
reversed. On the first motion of the horses (their starting gear being connected
with the oil cock) or driver's lever, they or he open the oil cock, and thus permit

page_text: the oil to return to the reservoir and the spring to return home, forcing the car
onwards.
In order to prevent any accidents from the horse being nervous I arrange a bolt
or catch securing the draw bar so as to entirely or partially to shut off the opening
of the oil cock, as may be deemed desirable, such bolt or catch being under the
control of the driver.
On the spring pin passing the jointed lever (m) attached to the lever (m¹¹), it
moves the latter automatically to its first or normal position.
A case or boxing to protect the toothed wheels and piston road from dust, &c., will
be requisite this may be constructed either of sheet iron, with a suitable wooden
framing to keep it dust tight at the openings, or it may be made of wood, and can
be suspended from the car framing, and should be of sufficient size to clear the
toothed wheels and clutches by at least two inches when the car is empty or laden.
Where the axle enters the dust box a sliding cover should be provided at each side
to slide up and down with the motion of the car, such cover having a hole in its
centre to receive and fit close to the axle. A framed door opening at the side
opposite to the chain or wire rope arrangement for access to the mechanism will
be requisite. A thin iron tube can be used to cover the piston rod and chain, one
end being fixed to the dust box, the other end to terminate with a dust proof cloth,
which may be fastened to and over the end of cylinder (g) by means of an india
rubber band.
I also use compressed air either as an auxiliary with or in the place of the spiral
spring, adopting an air tight piston and smaller piston road, all other details being
the same.
As well as the hereinbefore mentioned arrangement of one-sided tooth wheels, I
can substitute coned friction clutches, one on each side of the drum or cylinder (E),
and fixed to the axle in like manner.
And another arrangement of the coned friction clutches is to fix a double clutch
to the axle, with two drums or cylinders on the axle, such drums being kept always
a certain distance from each other so as not to permit both being in gear simul-
taneously. The friction coned clutches should be 2" or 3" larger in diameter than
the one-sided toothed wheels.
In this latter arrangement I have two chains or wire ropes, one on each drum,
one wound over and the other under its respective drum, and both coupled to the
piston rod by means of a cross-head placed on guides in an oblique position.
It will be seen that by means of the coned clutch arrangement my Invention can
be more readily utilized as a friction brake, as well as a stopping and starting gear,
thus rendering the ordinary brake arrangement altogether unnecessary.
The slack chain on the one drum, in the case of two drums, can be wound up by
means of mitre gear driven by the axle.
The adaptation of the herein described combination of machinery to tram cars
and other vehicles must inevitably result in an enormous saving in the cost and
wear and tear of horses, as my Invention enables the driver to start or back the car
without necessitating any extra exertion being made by the horses, &c.
The framing (P, p.) I prefer to make tubular, thus ensuring rigidity with
lightness and economy.
To prevent the freezing of the oil in the reservoir I mix a small proportion of
gleyerine with it, say one tenth.
Having thus described and particularly ascertained the nature of my said
Invention, and the manner in which the same is or may be used or carried into
effect,-
I wish it to be understood that I do not confine nor restrict myself to the precise
details or arrangements which I have had occasion to describe and delineate, as
many variations may be made therefrom without departing from the main or
essential features thereof; neither, on the other hand, do I claim the first use of
wheels and clutches (a, b, c, and d), Fig. 1 (as these have heretofore been used), except

page_text: in their combination and mode of joint or simultaneous action for the purposes of
my said Invention, as herein specified; but what I consider novel and original, and
therefore claim as the Invention to be secured to me by Letters Patent is,―
1st. I claim the tubular framework and its accessories.
2nd. The hydraulic tube (g) with its accessories, piston, piston rod, spiral spring,
oil reservoir, valves, and cocks and connections to levers.
3rd. Friction or one sided tooth clutches in combination with hydraulic tube and
accessories and starting and stopping arrangements.
4th. The rods and lever arrangement for setting drum or drums in or out of gear,
as shewn in Fig. 1st.
5th. The automatic arrangement for placing drum out of gear on the return of
piston to its nominal position.
6th. The driver's starting gear.
7th. The horse starting arrangement.
8th. The driver's valve and cock closing and opening arrangements.
9th. Further, I claim the combination or combinations of the several parts, as
hereinbefore described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Charles Edward Davison, hath hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Fifth day of May, One thousand eight hundred and
eighty two.
C. E. DAVISON. (L.S.)