Year: 1870

page_text: side of the wall are ordinarily carried by uprights, and the uprights on
the two opposite sides of the wall are held at the required distance
apart from one another by wall gauges, which form ties, and distance
pieces.
Each
According to one part of my Invention I employ tubular uprights formed
in lengths which can be screwed or secured together end to end.
upright is thus in two heights, and the lower portion may be unscrewed
and reattached on top of the former top portion, thus allowing of a
continuous moving upwards of the apparatus without having at any time
to entirely disconnect it from the wall. The tubular uprights have
holes or passages formed through them at intervals to receive the wall
gauges which are to tie together the upright on one side of a wall with
the upright on the opposite side of the wall. The tubular uprights have
also other holes formed through them at right angles to the before-
mentioned holes, through which bolts may be passed to fix the flanges
which are formed on the flat plates to the uprights, or the wall gauges
themselves might pass through the flat plates and hold them to the
bubular uprights. In this latter case the corner of a building where two
walls meet together at a right or other angle may be formed by erecting
at the inner angle two uprights one for each wall, and opposite each of
these uprights on the exterior of the two walls another upright is erected,
which is connected to the upright opposite to it by wall gauges which
also carry the flat plates between which the walls are to be formed, and
the plates both for the inner and outer angles may be continued beyond
the uprights until they meet together so as to form a mould for the angle
of the building, to be moulded in. This is also applicable when other
sections of uprights are employed. Or an upright may be erected at the
inner and also at the outer angle, and these uprights may be tied together
by gauges and have bolted to them the ends of the flat plates between
which the walls are moulded. When I employ uprights which are
formed thus in section I form notches in the edges of the two
flanges for dogs or hooks carried by the flanges at the ends of the flat
plates (which are to be connected to the flanges of the upright) to enter
into and they are held into these notches by turn buttons carried by screw
studs which project from the back of the uprights in between the
flanges: Any number of these notches may be made in order to allow
the plates being set at any intermediate distance as may be required for
༢་

page_text: building horizontal projections, fixing carpenters' or stonework, or for
raising the wall at any less height than the full depth of the plates.,
The two arms of each, turn button in place of being in a line with one +
another as is usual with turn buttons, I form at an obtuse angle to one
another in order that the turn button may be so turned as to release the
plate on one side of it whilst it retains the plate on. the opposite side of
it... Or, in place of this the flanges at the ends of the plates may be, bent.
over to overlap the ends of the flanges on the uprights, and holes may
be formed in such overlapping portions for screw, studs, carried by the|
uprights to pass through.
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Each wall gauge I form of a metal rod with a screw thread cut at
each' end of it, on these screw threads nuts are screwed. Two nuts serve
to form stops to regulate the distance the plates are held apart from one"
another, and other nuts serve to press the plates or the uprights which
carry the plates up to those stops. By this arrangement the wall gauges"
may be employed for forming any desired thickness of wall. The nuts
are formed circular and with a slit 'cut across them to receive a key by
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which they may be turned.
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If a wall gauge is to be employed for forming one thickness of wall
only it may be formed of a rod of metal with its two ends of a smaller
diameter or width than the central portion, so; that the central portion
may.form, a stock to prevent the flat plates or the uprights which carry
them from approaching too close to one another, whilst the ends of the
gauge pass through the plates or uprights and are formed to receive a
key or to have a nut screwed on to them to hold the plates or nuts up to
and against the central portion of the gauge. By this means a wall
gauge formed in one piece serves both as a tie and a 'distance; piece, in
place of forming them as heretofore in two parts which are slipped one.
over the other.
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1
In order to form an adjustable plate, that is, a plate which may be
extended to any length desired when working in irregular lengths I
form such plates of two flanged plates capable of sliding the one 'over'
the other, as described in the Specification of a former Patent granted to
me on the 25th April, 1868 (No. 1364), and to cause the two plates to
5 slide one over the other. I fix to the flange ou the end of one plate a
bearing to receive a rod, which on the portion beyond the bearing has a
screw thread cut on it to screw into a nut carried by the flange on the
end of the other plate so that by turning the screw rod the plates” may be
1

page_text: ";
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slid one over the other. Or the flanges on the two opposite sides of one
of the plates may carry bearings to receive a shaft which passes across
the back of the plate from one side of it to to the other, and this shaft may
carry a 'pinion or pinions to gear into a rack or racks on the back of the
other plate:Or two toothed wheels carried by studs at the back of one
plate and near to it's two sides may gear with racks on the flanges at the'!
back of the second plate, and the two toothed wheels may be driven't
simultaneously by toothed wheels which can be turned by 'a' crank"
handle upon one of them, or other arrangements might be adopted'
for causing one plate to slide upon the other by gearing
extensible plate. may be made by attaching to the two side flanges
of one of the flanged flat plates by bolts and nuts two metal, plates,
which can be caused to project beyond.; the flat. plate to any extent
desired, and have brackets attached to them to carry a roller around
which a flexible plate may be wound, such flexible, plate being attached, 1
at one end to the end of the flat plate and wound around the roller at its
other end. The flexible plate as it passes from the end of the flat plate
to the roller passes over another roller which keeps the end portion of the..
flexible plate in a line with the flat plate to which it is connected. The
outer ends of the plate carrying the rollers are connected together by an 2
end piece of angle iron, and the space between this end piece and that"
portion of the flat plate which is kept in a line with the surface of the
flat plate is filled in by a plate hinged to the end piece before mentioned."
and drawn towards the flexible plate by a spring. The flexible plate
may be made up of a number of plates linked or jointed together.
1
1
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1.741
For forming the recesses in the walls to receive the fire-grates in place::
of employing a solid form or core to shape this recess as is now usual. I:
employ a former core of sheet metal, which when the concrete which is to
form the wall has been filled in around it may be contracted to facilitate
its withdrawal from the recess. For this purpose I form the back of the 3
form or core of two plates of sheet metal capable of sliding one over the
other. The outer side of each plate is bent round to an angle to form,
the side plates of the form or core and the plates are stiffened around the
edge with angle iron. Toggle levers are jointed to the plates near to
where they overlap one another and also to the outer edge of the side 3
plates. When the limbs of the toggle levers are in a straight line one with
another they hold the core expanded, but when the levers are drawn
back they bring the limbs to an angle with one another, and the core is
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thus contracted. The core for shaping the top of the recess may similarly
be formed of sheet metal stiffened with angle iron. The conical core for
shaping the throat of the chimney I form of a plate of sheet metal bent:
to the form desired, the edges of the plate being made to overlap one
another. Toggle, levers are. passed; across the interior of the core bot
at top and bottom, and are jointed at their ends to the plate;; both sets,
of toggle levers are, at their centres connected to a bar by, which they can
be moved simultaneously.
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SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions: of the Letters Patent:
filed by the said Charles Drake in the Great Seal Patent Office:
on the 1st July 1870 sen csak
rq
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, CHARLES
DRAKE, of No. 208, New Kent Road, in the "County of Surrey, send
greeting.
61.
18
•
"WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria; by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the First day of January, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy in the thirty-
third year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give:
and grant unto me, the said Charles Drake, Her special licence that'
I, the said Charles Drake, my executors, administrators, and' assigns,
or such others as I, the said Charles Drake, my executors, adminis-'
trators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others,
from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein
expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and yend,
within the. United Kingdom of Great Britain, and Ireland, the Channel
Islands; and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
CON.
STRUCTION OF CONCRETE BUILDINGS, AND IN APPARATUS EMPLOYED FOR THIS
PURPOSE," upon the condition (amongst others) that :I, the said Charles
Drake, my, executors or 'administrators, by... an. instrument in writing
under my, or their, or one of their hands and.. seals, should particularly
describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manuer the same was to be performed, and, cause the same to be filed
in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said Letters. Patent..
'
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page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Charles Drake, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be.
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement thereof, that is to say :-.
This Invention has for its object improvements in the construction
of concrete buildings and in apparatus employed for this purpose.
Concrete walls are now usually constructed by filling in concrete
between parallel plates of metal erected at a distance apart from one
another equal to the thickness of wall to be formed. The plates on each
side of the wall are ordinarily carried by uprights, and the uprights on
the two opposite sides of the wall are held at the required distance
apart from one another by wall gauges, which form ties and distance:
pieces.
I
According to one part of my Invention I employ tubular uprights
formed in lengths, which can be screwed or secured together end to
end. Each upright is thus in two heights, and the lower portion may
be unscrewed and reattached on top of the former top portion, thus
allowing of a continuous moving upwards of the apparatus without
having at any time to entirely disconnect it from the wall. The tubular
uprights have holes or passages formed through them at intervals to
receive the wall gauges which are to tie together the upright on, one
side of a wall with. the upright on the opposite side of the wall; the.
tubular uprights have also other holes formed through them at right
angles to the before-mentioned holes, through which bolts may be passed
to fix the flanges which are formed on the flat plates to the uprights,
or the wall gauges themselves might pass through the flat plates and
hold them to the tubular uprights.
.
Figure 1 shows an elevation of a tubular upright such as is above
described, with holes formed through it at intervals to receive the ends
of the wall gauges, and other holes to receive the bolts by which the
flanges of the flat plates are to be secured to it; Figure 2 is a transverse
section taken through two of such uprights tied together by a wall
gauge and with the flanges of the flat plates bolted to them. In these
Figures a is the tubular upright formed in two lengths, which can be
screwed together end to end; b is the wall gauge, which I prefer to
form in the manner shown, but which may be of other suitable con-
struction; c are the flat plates, the flanges at the ends of which are
secured by the bolts d to the uprights; or, as before stated; the wall

page_text: gauges might be passed through the flat plates. Such an arrangement
is shown in the transverse section, Figure 3.
To form the corner of a building where two walls meet together at a
right or other angle two uprights are, according to this Invention,
erected at the inner angle, one for each wall, and opposite each of these
uprights on the exterior of the two walls another upright is erected,
which is connected to the upright opposite to it by wall gauges, which
also carry the flat plates between which the walls are to be formed, and
the plates both for the inner and outer angles are continued beyond the
uprights until they meet together, so as to form a mould for the angle
of the building to be moulded in:
FX
. The mode of forming the corner of a building is shown in the horizontal
section, Figure 3. a, a, are the uprights at the inner angle, and a', a¹,
the uprights opposite to them on the exterior of the two walls; c, c, are
the flat plates, which, as shown, are continued to the exterior and interior
corners respectively, so as to. form a mould both for the inner and outer
angles; d is a bar of angle iron, to which the ends of the two outer
plates are bolted to prevent them from bending outwards. This arrange-
ment is applicable whether the uprights employed are tubular uprights,
as shown, or whether the uprights are of other suitable section; the
uprights also, may either be on the exterior of the flat plates, as shown
at Figure 3, or they might be on the inside of these plates, as shown at
Figure 4.
Also, according to this Invention, in order to form the corner of a
building where two walls meet together at a right or other angle I in
some cases. erect an upright at the inner and also at the outer angle,
and these uprights are tied together by gauges and have bolted to them
the ends of the flat plates between which the walls are moulded. This
arrangement for forming the corner of a building is shown by the
horizontal section, Figure 5. a is the upright at the inner angle; a', the
upright at the outer angle; b, the gauge which ties them together; c, c,
the flat plates secured to the uprights a, a¹.
When I employ uprights which are formed thus in section I
according to another part of my Invention form notches in the edges
of the two flanges for dogs or hooks carried by the flanges at the ends
of the flat plates. (which are to be connected to the flanges. of the
upright) to enter, into, and they are held into these notches by turn
buttons, carried by screw studs which project from the back of the.
•

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uprights in between the flanges. Any number of these notches may be
made in order to allow the plates being set at any intermediate distance,
as may be required, for building horizontal projections, fixing carpenters'
or stonework, or, for raising the wall at any less height than the full
depth of plates. The two arms of each turn button in place of being in
a line with one another, as is usual with turn buttons, I form at an
obtuse angle to one another in order that, the turn button may be so
turned as to release the plate on one side of it, whilst it retains the plate
on the opposite side of it.
.
4
1)
Figure 6 shows a transverse section of an upright with flat plates
secured to it in the manner above described; Figure 7 shows an
elevation of a portion of the upright and flat plates. In these Figures a
is the upright; care the flat. plates with flanges c¹ at their ends; these
flanges. have bolted or otherwise secured to them the dogs or hooks d,
which are to enter, notches formed in the flanges of the upright; the
notches may either be V notches, as shown at Figure 8, or semcircular
notches, as shown at Figure 9, or they may be of other forms eis-the
turn button: carried by a screw. pin fprojecting from the back of the
upright; the two arms of the turn button come behind the flanges of
the flat plates on the two opposite sides of the upright, and so keep the
dogs or hooks from escaping from the notches in the upright: "As
before stated the two arms of the turn button are not in a line with one
another, so that when the turn button is turned partially round the plate
on one side of the upright, may be set free whilst the plate on the
opposite side is still retained... b, in Figure 7, shows the end of one of
the wall gauges. Or in place of the arrangement; above described the
flanges at the ends of the flat plates may be bent over to overlap the
ends of the flanges on the uprights, and holes may be formed in such
overlapping portions for screw studs carried by the uprights to pass
through. This arrangement is shown in the transverse section;
Figure 10, and in elevation at Figure 11. is the upright; b, the
wall gauge; c, the flat plates. with their flanges e bent over as shown;
d, d, are the bolts by which these flanges are secured to the uprights.
2
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Another part my Invention consists in forming each wall gauge
of a metal rod with a screw thread cut at each end of it; on these
screw threads nuts are screwed. Two nuts serve to form stops to regulate
the distance the plates are held apart from one another, and other nuts
serve to press the plates or the uprights which carry the plates up to
い
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page_text: these stops.
By this arrangement the wall ganges may be employed
for forming any desired thickness of wall. The nuts are formed circular
and with a slit cut across them to receive a key, by which they may be
túrned. Wall gauges constructed in this manner are shown at Figures
2, 3, 4, and 5 of the Drawings, and such a wall gauge is also shown
separately on a larger scale at Figures' 12. In these Figures a,
the nuts, screwing on to the screw threads on the metal rod 6. The
nuts a regulate the distance the uprights are held apart, and the
nuts a hold the uprights up to the nuts a. The nuts, as shown in the
separate views, are made circular and with a slit across them to enable
them to be turned by a key "A key suitable for turning these nuts is
shown at d, Figures 12.
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Also, according to my Invention, where a wall gauge is to be em-
ployed for forming one thickness of wall only I form it of a rod of metal
with its two ends of a smaller diameter or width than the central portion,
so that the central portion may form a stop to prevent the flat plates
or the uprights which carry them from approaching too close to one
another, whilst the ends of the gauge pass through the plates or uprights
and are forined to receive a key or to have a nut screwed on to them
to hold the plates or uprights up to and against the central portion
of the gauge. By this means a "wall" gauge, formed in one piece serves.
both as a tie and a distance piece in place of forming them as heretofore
in two parts, which are slipped one over the other. Two wall gauges
of different sizes formed in the manner above described are shown at
Figures 13 and 14; each end of these gauges has a screw thread cut
upon it for a nut to be screwed on to, as above mentioned or as before
stated. In place of the gauges being formed at their ends with screw
threads to receive nuts they may be of a flat form, and their ends
adapted to receive a key, as shown at g, g, Figures 15 and 16.
:
$2.17
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11 I'
i
In order to form an adjustable plate, that is, a plate which may be
extended to any length desired when working in irregular lengths, I form!
such plates of two flanged plates capable of sliding, the one over the
other, as described in the Specification of a former Patent granted to
me on the 25th April 1868 (No. 1364), and according to this Invention
in order to cause the two plates to slide one over the other I fix to the
flange on the end of one. plate a bearing to receive a rod, which on the
portion beyond the bearing has a screw thread cut on it to screw into
a nut carried by, the flange on the end of the other plate, so that by

page_text: 2
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turning the screw rod the plates may be slid one over the other. A.;
back view of an adjustable plate formed in this manner is shown at
Figure 17, and a transverse section at Figure 18. The construction of
this plate is so clearly shown by the Drawing that it is unnecessary to;
give any further description of it. Or in place of the arrangement above.
described the flanges on the two opposite sides of one of the plates may,
carry bearings to receive a shaft which passes across. the back of the
plate from one side of it to the other, and this shaft may carry a pinion
or pinions to gear into a rack or racks on the back of the other plate.
Such an arrangement is clearly shown at Figures 19 and 20 of the
Drawings Or
Or in place of these arrangements two toothed wheels,
carried by studs at the back of one plate and near to its two sides may
gear with racks on the flanges at the back of the second plate, and the
two toothed wheels may be driven simultaneously by toothed wheels,
which can be turned by a crank handle upon one of them. Such an
arrangement is clearly shown at Figures 21 and 22:"
1,
1
1.
i
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1
Other arrangements of gearing of a similar nature to those above.
described might be adopted for causing one plate to slide upon the
other. Or an extensible plate may be made by attaching to the two
side flanges of one of the flanged flat plates by bolts and nuts two metal
bars, which can he caused to project beyond the flat plate to any extent.
desired, and have brackets attached to them to carry a roller, around;
which a flexible plate may be wound, such flexible plate being attached
at one end to the end of the flat plate, and wound round the roller at
its other end. The flexible plate as it passes from the end of the flat,
plate to the roller passes over another roller, which keeps the end
portion of the flexible plate in a line with the flat plate to which it is.
connected. The outer ends of the bars carrying the rollers are con-
nected together by an end piece of angle iron, and the space between
this end piece and that portion of the flat plate which is kept in a
line with the surface of the flat plate is filled in by a plate hinged to
the end piece before mentioned, and drawn towards the flexible plate
by a spring. The flexible plate may be made up of a number of plates
linked or jointed together. An extensible plate constructed as above
described is shown in elevation at Figure 23, and in section at Figure 24;
an elevation on a smaller scale is also shown at Figure 25. In these
Figures a, a, are the two metal bars connected together at their outer:
ends by the bar a¹, and at their opposite ends attached by bolts and

page_text: -
ends of the bars are provided with bearings to support the ends of a
roller c, around which is wound a jointed or flexible plate d, as shown
at Figure 24, the end of which flexible plate d is attached to the end of
the plate b. The bars can be set to project to any desired extent beyond
the plate b, and yet the jointed or flexible plate d will at all times fill
in the space between the end of the plate. 6 and the roller c e is a
friction roller, over which the flexible or jointed plate passes,' and fa
plate jointed at one edge to the end bar a¹, whilst its other edge is drawn
by means of the spring.giup to land against the flexible or jointed plate,
where it passes over the friction roller as above described.
1.
For forming the recesses in the walls to receive the fire-grates in
place of employing a solid form or core to shape this recess, as is now
´usual, I employ a form or core of sheet metal, which when the concrete
which is to form the wall has been filled in around it may be contracted
to facilitate its withdrawal from the recess. For this purpose I form
the back of the form or core of two plates of sheet metal capable of
sliding one over the other. The outer side of each plate is bent round
to an angle to form the side plates of the form or core, and the plates
are stiffened around the edge with angle iron. Toggle levers are jointed
to the plates near to where they overlap one another, and also to the
outer edge of the side plates, when the limbs of the toggle levers are in
a straight line one with another; they hold the core expanded, but
when the levers are drawn back to bring the limbs to an angle with one
another the core is contracted. A form or core such as is above
described for shaping the recesses in the walls to receive the fire-grates
is shown at Figures 26 and 27. When the limbs of the toggle levers
are in the position shown at Figures 27 the form or core is expanded,
but if the central joint of the levers is drawn back so as to incline the
limbs of the toggle levers to one another the form or core is contracted.
A modification of this arrangement is shown at Figures 28 and 29. In
this modification the toggle levers are dispensed with and screw bolts
are employed to connect together the two parts of the expanding and
contracting form or core; by withdrawing these bolts the core can be
contracted to facilitate its being withdrawn from the recess. The conical
core for shaping the throat of the chimney I form of a plate of sheet
metal bent to the form desired, the edges of the plate being made to
overlap one another. Toggle levers are passed across the interior of