IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF HAMES
Year: 1863

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Brookes Fairbanks, Joseph Lavender, and
Frederick Lavender, Saddlers' Ironmongers, Bridle Cutters, Harness
Makers, and Manufacturers of Brass and. Plated Harness Furniture, of
Walsall, in the County of Stafford, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE MANUFACTURE OF HAMES."
Sealed the 8th April 1864, and dated the 10th October 1868.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION. left by the said William Brookes Fair-
banks, Joseph Lavender, and Frederick Lavender at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on the '10th October
1863.
We, WILLIAM BROOKES FAIRBANKS, JOSEPH LAVENDER, and FREDERICK
LAVENDER, Saddlers' Ironmongers, Bridle Cutters, Harness Makers, and
Manufacturers of Brass and Plated Harness Furniture, of Walsall, in the
County of Stafford, do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF HAMES," to be as follows (that is to
say):
In the manufacture of hames for horse collars, whether for single or
double harness, it has been the practice to weld on the part in which the
draught eye is formed. And our improvements consist in making this part of
the same iron that forms the hame, thereby avoiding the trouble of welding,

page_text: and the consequent frequent breakage or parting of this part from the hame
from imperfect welding; and as this breakage takes place when in use, or
from extra strain, the consequences are often fatal, from the horse taking
fright, falling, or becoming nervous. This mode of manufacturing hames
admits of the draught eye or part being of any desired shape.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said William Brookes Fairbanks, Joseph Lavender, and Frederick
Lavender in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 9th April 1864.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, WILLIAM
BROOKES FAIRBANKS, JOSEPH LAVENDER, and FREDERICK LAVENDER, Saddlers'
Ironmongers, Bridle Cutters, Harness Makers, and Manufacturers of Brass
and Plated Harness Furniture, of Walsall, in the County of Stafford, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Tenth day of October, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and sixty-three, in the twenty-seventh year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto us, the
said William Brookes Fairbanks, Joseph Lavender, and Frederick Lavender,
Her special license that we, the said William Brookes Fairbanks, Joseph
Lavender, and Frederick Lavender, our executors, administrators, and
assigns, or such others as we, the said William Brookes Fairbanks, Joseph
Lavender, and Frederick Lavender, our executors, administrators, and
assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time
and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and
lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom
of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF HAMES," upon the
condition (amongst others) that we, the said William Brookes Fairbanks,
Joseph Lavender, and Frederick Lavender, by an instrument in writing
under our hands and seals, or under the hand and seal or hands and seals of
any one or two of us, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature
of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed,
and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six
calendar months next aud immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Frederick Lavender, do hereby declare
the nature of our said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement (that is to say) :—
It has been the practice in the fabrication or manufacture of hames to
weld on the part in which the draught or draught eye is formed, instead of
which we form this part with the hame all of one piece of iron, or with a long
right angular weld, thereby avoiding the objectionable necessity of welding
the draught to the hame, and the too frequent breakage or parting of these
parts from the hame from imperfect welding, being a defect not to be detected
from external appearances, and only known when the breakage has taken
place, and as this occurs only under stress or severe usage in going up hill or
otherwise, the consequences are often of serious and fatal results from the
horse suddenly falling or becoming nervous. And this mode of manufacturing
hames offers facilities for making the draught eye and shank of any desired
shape, as will be seen by reference to the Drawings hereunto annexed.
Fig. 1 represents as much as necessary of two pieces of iron of suitable
shape in their transverse section for the manufacture of hames, placed together
for welding at the end, say, as from a, a, to b, b, which after being welded,
and partially formed may be opened and bent into the form as shown at
Fig. 1 A; it then requires to be reheated to a welding heat to solidly unite"
the parts a, a, and b, b, by hammering in the ordinary way; or the iron may
be made continuous in its fibrous direction by being bent into the form as
exhibited at Fig. 1 B, the said bending being effected as in Figure 1 A, while
the iron is in a hot condition, and after the lengthway joint in the draught
has been re-heated and welded together in like manner, as before stated, the
desired form may be imparted by this part of the hame being laid over a die,
and struck by a suitable hammer in the usual way, in which form and solidity
is imparted to a variety of articles, and which appliances are well known in a
variety of trades as a "stamp," and which may be worked by hand, steam, or
other auxiliary power; from this condition it may be generally finished, as
exhibited at Fig. 2. The dotted line A, B, represents where the weld has
taken place, unless constructed as at Figure 1 A, and then the weld would
have extended to A', but which weld has little to do with the general
strength and solidity of the hame, and however imperfect that weld may be,
the consequence of its parting will be in no way objectionable beyond in
appearance
Fig. 3 represents a different form, in which the shank or part extending

page_text: from C to D is twisted together, which, as at Figure 1, should by preference
be done hot, and this part of the hame may be finished in this condition, or
amalgamated by being again heated and hammered together, or the form
imparted to it by being struck in a die, as before stated.
Fig. 4 represents only a simple variation of the last Figure, and may be
treated in like manner, being drawn merely to show that our mode of making
hames is not restricted to shape, but may be diversified in a variety of ways, of
which Fig. 5. is another example, illustrating the fibrous continuity of the bar
of iron forming the hame, which is bent and crankled as here exhibited, and
subsequently welded together through the dotted line E, F, or secured in any
other 'desirable way, the form merely illustrating that the draught may be
shifted from the centre loop to either top or bottom, as desired, to suit a horse
with a tender shoulder or shoulders..!
Having thus described the nature of our Invention; and 'the manner in
which the same may be carried into effect, which would be conversant to any
ordinary.skilled workman accustomed to the manufacture of hames, I wish it
understood, that what we claim as of our. Invention, and wish to protect by
these our in part recited Letters Patent,' is, the manufacture of hames, by
welding and bending, as described and. exhibited at Figs. 1 and 1 A, and in
some instances continuing the: lengthway fibres of the iron-forming the hame
into the draught' and around the eye, or attaching part of the same, as
described and exhibited at Figs. 1.B,.2, 3, 4, and 5, in contradistinction to
welding the draught part on to the hame as ordinarily practised..
In witness whereof; I, the said Frederick Lavender, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Seventh day of April, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-four.
FREDERICK LAVENDER. (L.S.)
Witness,
CHARLES JOHNSTONE,
Clerk to James S. Cockings,
Patent Agent,
Birmingham.