IMPROVEMENTS IN INSULATORS FOR TELEGRAPH LINE WIRES, AND IN THE MEANS OF SECURING THE
Year: 1873

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Guilherme Schüch de Capanema, of Rio de
Janeiro, in the Empire of Brazil, but at present of Golden Cross
Hotel, Charing Cross, in County of Middlesex, Professor, for the
Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN INSULATORS FOR TELEGRAPH LINE WIRES,
21
وو
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Guilherme Schüch de
Capanema at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his
Petition, on the 19th December 1873.
I, GUILHERME SCHÜCH DE CAPANEMA, of Rio de Janeiro, in the
Empire of Brazil, but at present of Golden Cross Hotel, Charing Cross,
in the County of Middlesex, Professor, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN INSULATORS FOR TELEGRAPH LINE
WIRES, AND IN THE MEANS OF SECURING THE WIRES THERETO,"
" to be as
follows:-
This Invention relates to the construction of insulators for the line
wires of electric telegraphs, and to means of securing the wires to the

page_text: insulators, the object of the improvements being to effect and maintain
the insulation and securing of the wires in a simple and cheap manner,
to diminish as much as possible the extent of the contact surface between
the wires and the insulators, to provide against the fracture to which
insulators are liable when cements and metals are employed in com-
bination with porcelain, glass, and the like, and to prevent the wearing
away of the wire on those places where it is suspended. For this
purpose I make the insulator wholly of glass, porcelain, earthenware,
ebonite, or other suitable non-conducting material of single or double
bell shape supported on a central stem, the crown of the bell projecting
above such stem without any metal hood. In the upper face of this pro-
jecting crown I form a chase or groove for the reception. of the wire,
The middle of
such groove extending diametrically across the crown.
the groove is widened out for the reception of a ball or collar on the
wire, to which I will presently refer, and the groove tapers to a greater
width from the central widened part outwards to allow for the swing of
the wire when it is laid in the groove.
The wire having been stretched on or near the ground along the line
of poles or supports is marked at points corresponding to the position of
the insulators on which it is to rest. At the points so marked collars of
cylindrical, spherical, or spheroidal, or other convenient shape are
soldered or cast on the wire. In casting such collars an instrument like
a bullet mould may conveniently be employed, the wire being held
between the pincer cheeks of the mould, which are made with grooves.
for its reception, and molten metal being poured in to form the collar
around the wire. When the wire has thus been provided with collars, or
when collars strung on the wire or put on in halves have been soldered
to it in the required positions, the wire is placed on the insulators, the
collar in each case being laid in the widened part of the groove, whereby
the wire is prevented from being pulled in either direction.
According to a modification of this construction the groove in the
insulator instead of being made with a widened part at its centre for
the reception of a central collar may be widened or somewhat flattened
at either or at both of its extremities, and one collar, or a pair of collars of
rounded form may be cast or soldered on the wire in such a position that
when the wire is laid in the groove of the insulator each such collar
serves to prevent the wire from being pulled in one direction,

page_text: In cases where owing to the mode of erecting the line wires there is
any tendency of the wire to be raised out of the groove of the insulator,
I provide in the projecting crown of the insulator transverse holes,
through which I pass a pin or piece of wire above the line wire or its
collar. The pin or wire so inserted keeps the line wire down in its
groove, and after insertion its ends can be bent to prevent it from being
accidentally withdrawn,
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent
filed by the said Guilherme Schüch de Capanema in the Great
Seal Patent Office on the 8th June 1874.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, GUILHERME
SCHUCH DE CAPANEMA, of Rio de Janeiro, in the Empire of Brazil, but
at present at Golden Cross Hotel, Charing Cross, in the County of
Middlesex, Professor, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Nineteenth day of December, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-three,
in the thirty-seventh year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs
and successors, give and grant unto me, the said Guilherme Schüch de
Capanema, Her special license that I, the said Guilherme Schüch de
Capanema, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others
as I, the said Guilherme Schüch de Capanema, my executors, adminis-
trators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others,
from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein
expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend,
within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN INSULATORS
FOR TELEGRAPH LINE WIRES, AND IN THE MEANS OF SECURING THE WIRES
THERETO," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Guilherme
Schüch de Capanema, my executors or administrators, by an instrument
in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should
particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention,
and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the
same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar

page_text: Шо
HAD
WC 4353
01
532
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Guilherme Schüch de Capanema,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement thereof, reference being
had to the accompanying Sheet of Drawings, and to the figures and
letters marked thereon, that is to say:-
This Invention relates to the construction of insulators for the line
wires of electric telegraphs, and to means of securing the wires to the
insulators, the object of the improvements being to effect and maintain
the insulation and securing of the wires in a simple and cheap manner,
to diminish as much as possible the extent of contact surface between
the wires and the insulators, to provide against the fracture to which
insulators are liable when cements and metals are employed in com-
bination with porcelain, glass, and the like, and to prevent the wearing
away of the wire in those places where it is suspended. For this purpose
I make the insulator wholly of glass, porcelain, earthenware, ebonite, or
other suitable non-conducting material of single or double bell shape,
supported on a central stem, the crown of the bell projecting above such
stem without any metal hood. In the upper face of this projecting
crown I form a chase or groove for the reception of the wire, such
groove extending diametrically across the crown. The middle of the
groove is widened out for the reception of a ball or collar on the wire to
which I will presently refer, and the groove tapers to a greater width
from the central widened part outwards to allow for the swing of the
wire when it is laid in the groove.
The wire having been stretched on or near the ground along the line
of poles or supports, is marked at points corresponding to the position
of the insulators on which it is to rest. At the points so marked collars
of cylindrical, spherical, or spheroidal, or other convenient shape are
soldered or cast on the wire. In casting such collars an instrument like
a bullet mould may conveniently be employed, the wire being held
between the pincer cheeks of the mould, which are made with grooves
for its reception, and molten metal being poured in to form the collar
around the wire. When the wire has thus been provided with collars, or
when collars strung on the wire or put on in halves have been soldered

page_text: to it in the required positions, the wire is placed on the insulators, the
collar in each case being laid in the widened part of the groove, whereby
the wire is prevented from being pulled in either direction.
According to a modification of this construction the groove in the
insulator, instead of being made with a widened part at its centre for the
reception of a central collar, may be widened or somewhat flattened at
either or both of its extremities, and one collar or a pair of collars of
rounded form may be cast or soldered on the wire in such a position that
when the wire is laid in the groove of the insulator each such collar
serves to prevent the wire from being pulled in one direction.
In cases where owing to the mode of erecting the line wires there is
any tendency of the wire to be raised out of the groove of the insulator,
I provide in the projecting crown of the insulator transverse holes,
through which I pass a pin or piece of wire above the line wire or its
collar. The pin or wire so inserted keeps the line wire down in its
groove, and after insertion its ends can be bent to prevent it from being
accidentally withdrawn
Fig. 1 represents a side view with the upper part shown in section and
Fig. 2 a plan of one modification of the insulator constructed according
to my Invention. A is the bell and B the stem of the insulator, which
is made wholly of glass, porcelain, earthenware, ebonite, or other suitable
non-conducting material. In the head of the insulator is formed the
transverse groove C widened out in the middle as shewn at C¹, and also
at the ends C².
The wire W having cast or soldered on it a ball, collar, or pro-
truberance D, which may be spherical as shewn in Fig. 3, or spheroidal
as in Fig. 4, or of a form such as is shewn at Fig. 5 is laid into the
groove, the protruberance D lying in the central part C¹, and sufficient
play being afforded for the oscillation of the wire by the widened
mouths C of the groove.
A pin P shewn in plan at Fig. 6 and side view Fig. 7 may be passed
through a cross hole in the head of the insulator over the protruberance
of the wire, to prevent the wire from being raised out of the groove.
The pin P is kept in its place by bending its ends after insertion, or the
one end P¹ may be bent before insertion, the other end P³ being reduced

page_text: in thickness to make it bend more easily after insertion and to render it
capable of being more easily straightened for removal.
Fig. 8 is a side view partly in section and Fig. 9 a plan of a modifi-
cation of the insulator, in which the protruberance D on the wire W has
the shape of a disc or shallow cylinder, as shewn in side view at Fig. 10.
The pin P for holding the wire W down in the groove may be a split pin,
as shewn in the plan and side view Figs. 11 and 12.
Fig. 13 represents a side view partly in section and Fig. 14 a plan of
a modified form of insulator in which the groove C has no middle
enlargement at each end, and the wire has pear-shaped protruberances D¹
and D2 fixed on it as shewn by the detached side view Fig. 15.
The split pin P shewn in plan and side view at Figs. 16 and 17 may
have its ends thinned down for facilitating the bending or straightening
thereof.
Having thus described the nature of my Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, I claim,-
First. The use for telegraph line wires of insulators consisting entirely
of non-conducting material and provided with a transverse groove at
top, in which the wire is held by a protruberance on the wire engaging in
a recess in the groove or by protruberances on the wire at each end of the
groove, a transverse pin being inserted over the wire when required,
substantially as herein described.
Second. The method substantially as herein described of forming on
the wires the protruberances above referred to by soldering or casting
them thereon.
In witness whereof, I, the said Guilherme Schüch de Capanema,
have hereunto set my hand and seal, this Fifth day of June,
in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and
seventy-four.