Improvements in Joinery.
Year: 1890

page_text: Date of Application, 16th June, 1890
Complete Specification Left, 28th Feb., 1891-Accepted. 28th Mar., 1891
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Joinery.
I, Don PASTOR PÉREZ DE LA SALA, of Blomfield House, London Wall, in
the City of London, Secretary of the Spanish Chamber of Arts and Commerce,
do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
My invention consists in substituting for the use of adhesive substances, such as
glues, turpentines, tar gums, mortars, cements &c., or of perforating attachments,
such as pins, nails, bolts, rivets, screws, &c., a system of isomorphical connections,
either detached or continuous, all the pieces or blocks of the structure being pro-
vided with projections or recesses in such a manner that every projection hermeti-
cally fits into its equivalent isomorphical counterpart in the adjacent piece or
block.
I apply the specified principle to structures made of stone, earthy or mineral
compounds, metals, their alloys, solid woods, or non-metallic mixtures.
The advantages to be derived from my system of isomorphical connections are
this:-
1st. Absolute solidity in every kind of structures:
2nd. Absolute stability in same.
3rd. Relatively absolute integral durability.
4th. A maximum of economy in the use of intellectual, static and dynamical
forces; that is to say, an effectual saving of thought, capital and labour.
Dated this 16th day of June 1890.
PÁSTOR PÉREZ DE LA SALA.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Joinery.
I, Don PASTOR PÉREZ DE LA SALA, of Blomfield House, London Wall, in
the City of London, Secretary of the Spanish Chamber of Arts and Commerce,
do hereby declare the nature of this invention, and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement :-
My invention consists in substituting for the use of adhesive substances, such as
glues, turpentines, tar, gums, mortars, cements, &c., or of perforating attachments,
such as pins, nails, bolts, rivets, screws, &c., a system of isomorphical connections
either detached or continuous, all the pieces or blocks of the structure being
provided with projections or recesses in such a manner that every projection
hermetically fits into its equivalent isomorphical counterpart in the adjacent piece
or block.
I apply the specified principle to structures made of stone, earthy or mineral
compounds, metals, their alloys, solid woods, or non-metallic mixtures.
The advantages to be derived from my system of isomorphical connections are
these
-:
1st. Absolute solidity in every kind of structures.
2nd. Absolute stability in same.
3rd. Relatively absolute integral durability.
4th. A maximum of economy in the use of intellectual, static, and dynamical
forces that is to say, an effectual saving of thought, capital and labour.
In order that my said invention may be fully understood and readily carried into
effect I will proceed to describe the drawings hereunto annexed.

page_text: DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Figures 1, 2, and 3, on Sheet 1, exemplify the principle of my invention.
Figure 1 is a perspective view and Figure 2 is an end view of a block or piece of
any earthy, mineral, metallic or vegetable material capable of being accurately
fashioned, pressed, cast or worked into shape.
In this, the simplest form of the invention, the blocks. or pieces employed are
alike in shape but this will not always be the case and commonly blocks or pieces
unlike in form will be in juxtaposition in the structure; but it is essential to my
invention that where the blocks or parts meet, there shall be isomorphical con-
nections though not cuncatical or dovetailed, consisting of projections on the one
block or piece hermetically fitting into equivalent isomorphical counterparts in the
other block or piece. The accuracy of the work should be such that when
the blocks or pieces are assembled, cohesion, gravity and atmospheric pressure
co-operate to the stability of the union. Figure 3 indicates the manner in which
the blocks or pieces are superposed or bonded until the requisite superficial area is
attained necessary to the purpose in view; but for simplicity in drawing this figure
does not represent the isomorphical connections: these however in Figures 1 and 2
are clearly shown-a being the projection, and the counterpart.
The blocks or pieces shown in Figures 1 and 2 are adapted for a structure
presenting any desired expanse of surface but with a thickness limited to that of
the individual blocks or pieces. On Sheet 2 blocks or pieces are shown suitable
for a structure of indefinite extent in each and all of its dimensions, every face of
the block or piece being provided with isomorphical connections.
Figure 4 shows the end view of two blocks or pieces similar to those shown by
Figures 1 and 2 but in addition provided with the counterpart connections c and d.
Each of these blocks or pieces is adapted to be surrounded in the structure and
enclosed on all sides with similar blocks or pieces and a mass of any dimensions
can be accumulated without limit. As however indefinite extension in all dimensions
is not for the most part required I have made provision for neatly forming an angle
or corner where one face of a structure meets another. Angle blocks or pieces
are here provided such as are shown at e in Figure 5; the same figure shows in
plan two blocks or pieces such as are represented in Figure 4. in Figure 6
shows a simpler corner block or piece adapted for use with other blocks or pieces
in structures in which superficial extension alone is required.
Figure 7 on Sheet 3 shows another form of block or piece adapted for a
structure in which extension in one dimension only is required. Figure 8 shows
numerous such blocks or pieces assembled and also a corner or angle block or
piece. These blocks can be also made isomorphical for lateral connections for
the construction of bridges and other structures over ground or water. Sheet 4
shows another form of block or piece which like the preceding is suitable for a
structure the thickness of which is that of one block or piece only but which in
the dimension in length may be of indefinite extent.
Figure 9 is a side view and Figure 10 is an end view of the block or piece
and Figure 1 shows several such blocks or pieces connected or combined
together.
If
and are the isomorphical connections; being the projections and their
counterparts. The height of the structure may be increased if desired but in this
case isomorphical connections are not provided for increase in this dimension.
the material of which the blocks or pieces are composed be of a very rigid nature
it will be expedient to slightly taper the parts and but this will not be necessary
if the substance be to any appreciable extent elastic.
So far the illustrations which I have given have shown the invention as applied
to rectilinear structures only on Sheet 5 however a circular structure is
represented. Figure 12 is a plan of one of the blocks or pieces. Figure 13 is an
end view and Figure 14 shows several of the blocks or pieces built together.
Each block or piece as will be seen is in this case curved and is such that six or

page_text: other number of blocks or pieces put together complete the circle. The blocks or
pieces connect to each other end to end with isomorphical connections and A,
being the projection and the counterpart and they also connect together one
over the other so as to form a compact or homogeneous hollow cylinder of indefinite
dimensions by means of other isomorphical connections and m- the projection
and m the counterpart. Sheet 6 shews the same idea otherwise applied. The
structure here represents the felloes of a somewhat massive wheel. Figure 15
is a side view and Figure 16 an underside view of one of the blocks or piece-.
Figure 17 shews the completed circle. In this case end to end connection of the
blocks or pieces is all that the circumstances of the case demands and the
isomorphical connections provided for this purpose I believe to be, perhaps the most
complete and simple which it is possible to contrive. The several projections nn
are arranged gradatorily and they fit with extreme accuracy to their counter-
parts o o.
I will now proceed to describe the application of my invention to the construction
of melting or other furnaces.
On Sheet 7 Figure 18 is shewn the outer shell of a furnace; although it is built
up of numerous separate blocks of fire stone or fire brick, it is so made as already
described as to be practically solid and compact every block being attached to
every other by isomorphical connections. Figure 19 is a section of a crucible or
hollow vessel which is built up in a cylindrical or any other form. On Sheet 8,
Figure 20 shews in end elevation a block suitable for the construction of furnace
walls or for other uses, such as pavements, partitions &c. Figure 21 is a perspective
view of the same block. Figure 22 is a diagram shewing a method of arranging
the blocks one over the other which may be resorted to in order to break joint in
place of that indicated in Figure 18; Figure 22 shows a corner block to a smaller
scale.
The salient and the re-entering angles in all figures of Sheets 1st and 2nd, 5th, 7th
and 8th are of 90°. In Sheet No. 3-45°.
On Sheet 9 Figures 23 and 24 shew in elevation and plan respectively another
method adapted to the construction of lighthouses or any kind of curved structures,
and on Sheet 10 there is shewn in plan at Figure 25 and in perspective at Figure 26
one of the blocks adapted to this method of construction. The isomorphical con-
nections by which the blocks are combined into a ring are marked and r; the
former being the projections and the latter the counterparts. The other connections
by which each block is fastened together with the blocks above and below it are
marked s and t.
It will now be understood that my invention of jointing solid materials, for
building and other purposes, differs from the well known systems of dovetailing and
dowelling, in not being cuneatic the projections which adjust into corresponding
cavities, not being a detached, but a continuous means of connection of piece to
piece, or block to block.
I thus attain great solidity in every kind of structure, and almost complete
security against earthquakes, and a maximum of resistance against the impact of
tides, waves, currents, and flood-.
I attain also simplicity in all kinds of constructions, where brickwork or masonry
is required, as no bond of any kind is necessary for the strengthening of the
structures.
Economy in the employment of skilled labour, and in the general cost of building
materials at present in use also results.
All these advantages are obtained together with easy portability of the material
and facility to remove cottages, houses, shades, depots, stables, granaries, block
houses, and military fortifications from one place to another, by disconnecting and
rebuilding again the same structures.
I have given above examples of the application of my invention in special cases
but it is not to be supposed that its applicability is limited to these cases, on the
contrary it is of use in and my invention extends to joinery of all sorts and in this

page_text: sense the claim which I make in this my Specification, in respect to the invention
which seek to patent is to be understood."
my
said
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is
1. My improvements in jointing which consist in substituting for cements and for
perforating attachments, isomorphical connections, the pieces or blocks of the
Structure being provided with projections or recesses so arranged that every pro-
jection hermetically fits into its equivalent isomorphical counterpart in the adjacent
piece or block.
2. The several structures which in this my Specification I have described and
which I have represented by drawings annexed.
Dated this 17th day of February 1891.
P. P. DE LA SALA.