Improvements in Apparatus for Drying Animal Matter, Fish, and other Materials, Applicable also for Evaporating Liquids.
Year: 1885

page_text: Improvements in Apparatus for Drying Animal Matter, Fish, and
other Materials, Applicable also for Evaporating Liquids.
We, JAMES STEWART EDWARDS and JAMES EDWARDS both of Beechwood,
Compton Place Road Eastbourne in the County of Sussex Gentlemen do hereby
declare the nature of our invention for " IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR
DRYING ANIMAL MATTER, FISH, AND OTHER MATERIALS APPLICABLE ALSO FOR
EVAPORATING LIQUIDS" to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in apparatus for drying animal
matter, fish, and other materials, applicable also for evaporating liquids.
We employ a flat pan with bottom and sides heated by a steam jacket or
jackets The pan has a central axis carrying scrapers keeping the material in
contact with the bottom constantly in movement-it has also a close cover and
provision is made for maintaining a partial vacuum within the pan whilst it is at
work. There is a suitable door at the top for filling and another at the bottom for
withdrawing the charge when the treatment is complete.
In all these particulars we claim no novelty but according to our invention we
increase the heating surface of such apparatus by inserting into the pan a double
horizontal partition with steam circulating within it and with openings through it
allowing free communication between the spaces in the pan above and below the
partition. And to keep this heated surface free from deposit we provide scrapers
upon the axis which pass over every part both of its upper and under faces.
The apparatus is applicable to drying or evaporating any material or liquid
which in the process is liable to cake upon the heated surfaces or by continued
exposure to the heat to become injured and which therefore it is requisite to keep
in constant movement.
In some cases two or more such steam heated partitions may be provided each
having openings by which the material and the vapour arising from the material
may freely pass.
Like arrangements may also be made in open pans and in covered pans within
which no vacuuin is maintained.
These pans may be conveniently made in two or more parts the bottom and the
steam jacketted sides may form one part and the steam heated partition which in
this case also may be provided with steam jacketted sides may form another part-
this latter will then form an inner vessel fitting within the outer.
For convenience of manufacture each of these parts may be made in two or
more pieces.
Dated this 7th day of September 1885.

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other Materials, Applicable also for Evaporating Liquids.
We, JAMES STEWART EDWARDS and JAMES EDWARDS both of Beechwood,
Compton Place Road, Eastbourne in the County of Sussex, Gentlemen do hereby
declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be
performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-
This invention has for its object improvements in apparatus for drying animal
matter, fish, and other materials applicable also for evaporating liquids.
We employ a flat pan with bottom and sides heated by a steam jacket or
jackets. The pan has a central axis carrying scrapers keeping the material in
contact with the bottom constantly in movement; it has also a close cover and
provision is made for maintaining a partial vacuum within the pan whilst it is at
work,
There is a suitable door at the top for filling and another at the bottom for
withdrawing the charge when the treatment is complete.
In all these particulars we claim no novelty: but according to our invention we
increase the heating surface of such apparatus by inserting into the pan a double
horizontal partition with steam circulating within it and with openings through it
allowing free communication between the spaces in the pan above and below the
partition. And to keep this heated surface free from deposit we provide scrapers
upon the axis which pass over every part both of its upper and under faces.
The apparatus is applicable to drying or evaporating any material or liquid
which in the process is liable to cake upon the heated surfaces or by continued
exposure to the heat to become injured and which therefore it is requisite to keep
in constant movement.
In some cases two or more such steam heated partitions may be provided each
having openings by which the material and the vapour rising from the material
may freely pass.
Like arrangements may also be made in open pans and in covered pans within
which no vacuum is maintained.
These pans may be conveniently made in two or more parts; the bottom and
the steam jacketted sides may form one part and the steam heated partition which
in this case also may be provided with steam jacketted sides may form another
part.
For convenience of manufacture each of these parts may be made in two or more
pieces.
In order that our said invention may be fully understood and readily carried
into effect we will proceed to describe the drawings hereunto annexed. .
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Figure 1 is a vertical section of a drying and evaporating apparatus constructed
in accordance with our invention.

page_text: The lower part of the pan as here shown is made in two parts a and b ; the inner
part 6 drops inside the outer part a and the two bottoms are secured together by
screws passing through the outer bottom and entering projections upon the inner
bottom; flanges around the edges of the parts a and b are also held together steam
tight by bolts. Thus a steam space is provided between the parts a and b and into
this space steam under pressure is admitted. c is a footstep or bottom bearing to
carry the axis d. The upper part of the pan is also in like manner made in two
pieces e and f similarly put together and supplied with steam; the under surface
of the interior double horizontal partition is made flush or without any projection
to interfere with the action of the scraper or stirrer. The partition has holes
through it as seen in plan in Figure 2. The upper part of the pan is mounted upon
the top of the lower and is secured to it by bolts through the flanges around the
edges. The piece fis continued up and flanged to receive the dome g. There are
filling apertures in the dome and connections with an air pump or other exhaust
which draws off the vapours and by reducing the air pressure within the vessel
causes evaporation to take place rapidly at a comparatively low temperature. The
axis d passes through a stuffing box in the centre of the dome and carries the
scraper or stirrer shown by the Figures 3; this works in the space beneath
the interior horizontal partition and scrapes the surfaces above and below it. d' is
a worm wheel on the axis d by which it is drawn. Another scraper or stirrer
mounted on the axis d scrapes the upper surface of the partition. The apparatus
before it is set to work is filled so that the transverse partition is completely
covered with the material and the partition acts very efficiently in communicating
heat to the material in the apparatus. As the material dries it descends beneath
the partition and at the end of the operation it is discharged by an aperture in the
bottom which is not shown in the drawings. At other times this aperture is
closed airtight by a door. We do not always evaporate in vacuo and in some cases
we dispense with the dome cover to the apparatus.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed we declare that what
we claim is:
1. Apparatus for drying and evaporating consisting of a pan with a double
steam heated bottom; a central axis carrying scrapers or stirrers, and an inter-
mediate double horizontal steam heated partition substantially as described.
2. Apparatus as stated in the first claim and also with an air tight cover
admitting of a partial vacuum being maintained within the vessel substantially as
described.
3. Apparatus substantially as described and illustrated by the annexed
drawings.