A NEW OR IMPROVED COMPOUND FOR LUBRICATING THE JOURNALS OR NECKS AND BEARINGS OF ROLLS, ROTATING
Year: 1869

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Joseph Henry Spencer, of Aston, near Bir-
mingham, in the County of Warwick, Oil Merchant and Grease
Manufacturer, for the Invention of "A NEW OR IMPROVED COMPOUND
FOR LUBRICATING THE JOURNALS OR NECKS AND BEARINGS OF ROLLS, ROTATING
Sealed the 19th April 1870, and dated the 29th October 1869.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Joseph Henry Spencer
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 29th October 1869.
I, JOSEPH HENRY SPENCER, of Aston, near Birmingham, in the
County of Warwick, Oil Merchant and Grease Manufacturer, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "A NEW OR IMPROVED COMPOUND
FOR LUBRICATING THE JOURNALS OR NECKS AND BEARINGS OF ROLLS, ROTATING
SHAFTS, AND OTHER ROTATING BODIES," to be as follows:-
In lubricating the journals or necks and bearings of rolls and other
rotating bodies in which the said bearings are open it is customary to
lubricate the said journals or necks and bearings by placing a lump or
block of suct or fat against the exposed part of the journal or neck.

page_text: By the heat of the neck or journal and bearing the said suet or fat
rapidly becomes melted, and great waste results from the said melted
suet or fat running from the said neck and bearing.
My Invention has for its object to prevent this waste of the suet or
fat, and consists in embedding or enveloping the suct or other solid or
semi-solid fat or grease used in a fatty or greasy material which is not
materially softened by the heat of the neck or journal and bearing, and
which will retain the suct or fat or grease and prevent it passing waste-
fully to the neck or journal and bearing.
In making a lubricating compound according to my Invention to be
used in lieu of the ordinary suct or fat I take by preference the greasy
or fatty material called in commerce "dubbin," the said "dubbin "being
manufactured in the ordinary way from resin oil, and I mould or other-
wise make the said "dubbin" into a hard block or solid mass of the
required size, the said block being provided with a series of circular or
other shaped holes in it. Into these holes I place suet or other solid or
semi-solid fat or grease. The lubricating compound thus made consists
of a hard greasy mass of inferior lubricating properties, in which a
superior lubricant, such as suet or fat or grease, is embedded or enveloped.
When this compound is applied to the neck or journal of a roll thes
"dubbin" not being materially softened by the heat of the said neck or
journal prevents the suct or fat or grease from being rapidly melted and
wastefully conveyed to the said neck, and hence great economy in the
lubricating material employed is secured.
By my Invention I am enabled to utilize an inferior lubricating
material by combining it with a superior lubricating material, the
compound produced being suited for lubricating rolls and other heavy
machinery and shafts rotating at a high speed. Instead of employing
"dubbin" with which to embed or envelope the suct or fat or grease,
other cheap and hard greasy or fatty materials may be employed, such,
for example, as the greasy or fatty material known as "pitch," the said
"pitch" being a residual product obtained by the distillation of palm
oil, tallow, and grease recovered from soap suds for the manufacture of
candles, wax vestas, and other like articles.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Joseph Henry Spencer in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 23rd April 1870.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOSEPIL
HENRY SPENCER, of Aston, near Birmingham, in the County of Warwick,
Oil Merchant and Grease Manufacturer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-ninth day of October, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-nine, in the
thirty-third year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Ier heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said Joseph Henry Spencer, Her special
licence that I, the said Joseph Henry Spencer, my executors, adminis-
trators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Joseph Henry Spencer,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with,
and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the
term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, cxercise,
and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland,
the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "A NEW OR
IMPROVED COMPOUND FOR LUBRICATING THE JOURNALS OR NECKS AND BEARINGS OF
ROLLS, ROTATING SHAFTS, AND OTHER ROTATING BODIES," upon the condition
(amongst others) that I, the said Joseph Henry Spencer, my executors
or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or
one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was
to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent
Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of
the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Joseph Henry Spencer, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner tho
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement thereof, that is to say :-
In lubricating the journals or necks and bearings of rolls and other
rotating bodies in which the said bearings are open it is customary to
lubricate the said journals or necks and bearings by placing a lump or
block of suet or fat against the exposed part of the journal or neck.
By the heat of the neck or journal and bearing the said suct or fat

page_text: rapidly becomes melted, and great waste results from the said melted
suet or fat running from the said neck and bearing.
My Invention has for its object to prevent this waste of the suct or
fat, and consists in embedding or enveloping the suct or other solid or
semi-solid fat or grease used in a fatty or greasy substance which is not
materially softened by the heat of the neck or journal and bearing, and
which will retain the suet or fat or grease and prevent it from passing
wastefully to the neck or journal and bearing.
In making a lubricating compound according to my Invention to be
used in lieu of the ordinary suct or fat I take by preference the greasy
or fatty material called in commerce "dubbin" or hard antifriction
grease, the said dubbin or hard antifriction grease being manufac-
tured in the well-known way from resin oil; and I mould or otherwiso
make the said dubbin or hard antifriction grease into a hard block
or solid mass of the required size, the said block being provided with a
serics of circular or other shaped holes; into these holes I place suet or
other solid or semi-solid fat or grease. The cubic contents of the said
holes may be about one-third of the whole or completed block, but I do
not limit myself by these proportions. The lubricating compound thus
made consists of a hard greasy mass of inferior lubricating properties in
which a superior lubricant, such as suet, fat, or soft grease is embedded
or enveloped. When this compound is applied to the neck or journal
of a roll the dubbin or hard antifriction grease not being materially
softened by the heat of the said neck or journal prevents the suet or fat
or soft grease of the said compound from being rapidly melted and
wastefully conveyed to the said neck, and hence great cconomy in the
lubricating material employed is secured.
Although I have found in practice that the method described of
enveloping or embedding the suct, fut, or grease in the dubbin or
hard antifriction grease answers very well, yet other methods of effecting
the same object may be resorted to. For example, instead of taking
a hard block or solid mass of dubbin having holes in it for the
reception of the suet, fat, or soft grease I make the said dubbin into
layers, and interpose between the layers of the dubbin layers of suct,
fat, or grease, and by compressing the materials together I produce a
lubricating compound consisting of alternate layers of dubbin and
suet, fat, or soft grease; or the suet, fat, or grease may be enveloped
or embedded in the dubbin in a manner similar to that in which

page_text: telegraphic wires are embedded in their protecting coating, that is, a
core or covering may be made of the dubbin, in which openings
passing from end to end are made; in these openings the suet, fat, or
grease is placed. The compound is divided into lengths or pieces for
use; or the dubbin may be broken up into pieces, and the suet, fat,
or grease mixed therewith, and compressed together into a solid mass. In
either of these ways the suet, fat, or grease is enveloped or embedded in
the dubbin, the suct, fat, or grease being in the proportion of about
one part by weight of the said suet, fat, or grease to about two parts by
weight of the said dubbin.
The suct or fat which I employ is that ordinarily used for lubricating
purposes, and the grease I principally employ in combination with the
dubbin or hard antifriction grease is the grease known in commerce
as currier's or patch grease, but either locomotive grease or soft anti-
friction grease may be used.
I do not, however, limit myself to these kinds of greases as other
greasy or fatty materials may be employed, such as the pitchy material
obtained as a residual product in the distillation of palm oil or tallow and
grease recovered from soap suds for the manufacture of candles, wax
vestas, and other articles.
Instead of employing dubbin or hard antifriction grease with which
to embed or envelope the suct, fat, or soft grease other cheap and
hard greasy or fatty materials may be employed, such as hard soap
or the refuse obtained in the distillation of stearinc used in the
manufacture of wax matches and other articles.
By my Invention I am enabled to utilize an inferior lubricating
material by combining it with a superior lubricating material, the
compound produced being suited for lubricating rolls and other heavy
machinery and shafts rotating at a high speed.
Having now described the nature of my Invention, and the manner
in which the same is to be performed, I wish it to be understood that I
do not limit myself to the precise details herein described, as the same
may be varied without departing from the nature of my Invention; but
I claim as my Invention, the new or improved compound for lubricating
the journals or necks and bearings of rolls, rotating shafts, and other
rotating bodies having open bearings herein-before described, that is to
say, a lubricating compound made by embedding or enveloping suct or

page_text: other solid or semi-solid fat or grease in the greasy or fatty material
known as dubbin or hard antifriction grease or other like greasy
substance which is not materially softened by the heat of the neck or
journal and bearing, and which will retain the suct, fat, or grease, and
prevent it from passing wastefully to tho said neck or journal and
bearing, substantially as described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Joseph Henry Spencer, have here-
unto set my hand and scal, this Twenty-first day of April, in
the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy.
JOSEPH HENRY SPENCER. (L.S.)
Witness,
RICHARD SKERRETT,
Clerk to George Shaw,
Birmingham.