Improvements in and relating to the Jointing of Stoneware and other Pipes.
Year: 1887

page_text: Date of Application, 12th Nov., 1887
Complete Specification Left, 13th Aug., 1888
Complete Specification Accepted, 5th Oct., 1888
Improvements in and relating to the Jointing of Stoneware and
other Pipes.
I, WALTER HALSTED CORTIS STANFORD, of 3 Westminster Chambers, Victoria
Street, Westminster, in the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer do hereby declare
the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
My invention relates to the jointing of stoneware and other pipes and comprises
various improvements in the invention described in the specification of former letters
patent granted to me and dated 8th December A.D. 1873, No. 4039.
The pipe joints described in my said former specification are constructed by
running, casting, or stamping rings of liquid, semi-fluid or molten cement on the
spigots and in the sockets of the said pipes by means of male and female moulds
accurately turned and bored and ground one into another. When two pipes thus
provided with cement are united by inserting the one within the other, the surfaces
being covered with gas-tar, grease or other suitable material the spigot and socket will
fit very accurately and form a tight joint.
One feature of my present invention is the employment, in such joints either on the
spigot or in the faucet or socket or both, of one or more rings of plastic or elastic
material which rings are either run, cast or otherwise introduced during the moulding
of the parts of the joint, or are applied after the parts of the joint are moulded,
recesses being formed in the latter case for the reception of the plastic or elastic
rings.
These rings are either arranged at the contact of the two parts of the joint or
they are arranged on one or both sides thereof so that they will serve in addition
to the contact between the cement surfaces, to form a tight joint.
To insert one or more rings of plastic or elastic material on the inside of the socket
when the plastic or elastic material is to be run, cast, or stamped in at the time of
moulding, the ring or rings are placed or moulded on the outside of the male mould
in the required positions. The male mould is then placed in the socket of the pipe
and the jointing material is run, cast or stamped into the space between the mould
and the pipe.
When the jointing material is set the ring or rings of plastic or elastic material
remain embedded in it and when the mould is withdrawn there will be a projecting

page_text: shoulder or shoulders of the plastic or elastic material of the exact form due to the
shape of the mould employed.
When the ring or rings are to be placed on the outside of the spigot a similar
process to that above described for the socket is employed excepting that the ring or
rings are placed or moulded inside the female mould instead of outside the male
mould.
In some cases moulds whether male or female are constructed in one piece with the
proper grooves for the reception of the rings of plastic or elastic material and so
formed that they can be withdrawn leaving the ring or rings behind them imbedded
in the jointing material, or they may be made in two or more pieces or with a
removable elastic ring.
When it is desired to leave a groove or grooves in the inside of the socket or on
the outside of the spigot, for the insertion of the plastic or elastic rings after the joints
are moulded, the moulds may also either be formed in one piece or be constructed
in two or more sections or segments or provided with a removable elastic ring to be
withdrawn after the joint is moulded.
I do not confine myself to the use of any particular material for the moulding of
the joints or for the plastic or elastic rings as the material employed will vary with
the purpose for which the pipes are to be used; nor do I restrict myself to any
precise form of joint which may in conjunction with the plastic or elastic ring be
spherical, conical, cylindrical, or butt jointed or any combination of these or other
forms.
I also employ a centring mandrel adapting itself to the mean axis of the pipe.
By means of this centring mandrel the pipe and the male and female moulds are
maintained in such a position during the moulding of the joints that they have one
common axis and that the faces of the joints are kept at right angles to the said axis.
This mandrel is formed with two self-centring rings, split rings, or coils of thin metal,
wood, leather, or other suitable material, one at each ond, which adapt themselves to
the inaccuracies and irregularities of the inside of the pipe. These self centring
rings, split rings, or coils have their outer edges truly planed or cut at right angles to
the axis of the mandrel so as to fit accurately to the faces of the turued moulds male
and female when in position and prevent the escape of the jointing material during
the process of moulding. The self centring ring, split ring, or coil of the mandrel
which is placed inside the spigot end of the pipe is fixed and has no motion on the
said mandrel parallel to the axis of the same. The self centring ring, split ring, or
coil at the other end of the said mandrel has a sliding motion so that the length
between the outer or planed edges of the rings may be adjusted to suit the varying
length of the pipes.
When the centring mandrel above described is fixed inside the pipe to be jointed
it is clamped in such a position that the two rings or coils leave no part of the butt end
of the spigot or of the shoulder of the socket of the pipe projecting beyond their
turned edges. The ends of the said centring mandrel are truly turned to fit corre-
sponding holes bored in the centre of the moulds male and female. The mandrel may,
if desired, be attached to, or form a part of the female mould.
When casting a ring of a spherical form on the spigot of a pipe I employ a mould
of novel construction whereby although the said mould is in one piece the centre of
the sphere of which the said ring is a part shall lie below the top of the said mould
thus giving to the casting its greatest diameter at some distance from the edge of the
This distance is limited by the amount of shrinkage which takes place on the
setting of the material and varies with the nature of that material.
same.
Dated this 12th day of November 1887.
HASELTINE, LAKE & Co.,
45, Southampton Buildings, London, W.C.,
Agents for the Applicant.

page_text: Improvements in and relating to the Jointing of Stoneware and
other Pipes.
I, WALTER HALSTED CORTIS STANFORD of 3 Westminster Chambers, Victoria
Street, Westminster in the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare
the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to he
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
My invention relates to the jointing of stoneware and other pipes and comprises
various improvements in the invention described in the Specification of former Letters
Patent granted to me and dated 8th December A.D. 1873, No. 4039.
The pipe-joints described in my said former Specification are constructed by casting
or otherwise forming rings of cement on the spigot-ends and in the faucet-ends or
sockets of the pipes by means of male and female moulds accurately turned and bored
and ground one into another. When two pipes thus provided with rings of cement
are united by inserting the one within the other, the surfaces being covered with gas-
tar, grease or other suitable material, the spigot and socket will fit very accurately and
form a tight joint.
One feature of my present invention is the employment in such joints, either on the
spigot or in the socket, or both, of one or more rings of plastic or clastic material
such as coal-pitch or stearic pitch, lamp-wick, felt, asbestos or the like covered with
gas-tar, grease or other suitable substances, gutta-percha or india-rubber or its com-
pounds or substitutes. These rings are run or cast or otherwise introduced into their
places before or during the moulding of the parts of the joint, or are applied after the
parts of the joint are moulded; recesses being formed, in the latter case, for the
reception of the plastic or elastic rings. The said rings are either arranged at
the contact of the two parts of the joint or they are arranged on one or both sides
thereof so that they will serve in addition to the contact between the cement surfaces,
to form a tight joint.
To insert the ring or rings of plastic or elastic material in the socket of a pipe at
the time of moulding the ring of jointing material or cement therein, the plastic or
elastic rings are placed or moulded on the outside of the male mould in the required
position. The said male mould is then placed in the said socket and the jointing
material or cement run, cast or stamped into the space between the mould and
the pipe.
When the jointing material or cement is set, the ring or rings of plastic or elastic
material remain embedded in it, and, when the mould is withdrawn, there will be a
projecting shoulder or shoulders of the plastic or elastic material of the exact form
due to the shape of the mould employed.
When the elastic ring or rings are to be placed on the outside of the spigot-end of
a pipe, a similar process to that above described for the socket is employed, the ring
or rings being placed or moulded inside the female mould instead of outside the male
mould.
In some cases the moulds, whether male or female, are constructed in one piece,
with the proper grooves for the reception of the rings of plastic or elastic material,
and are so formed that they can be withdrawn, leaving the ring or rings behind them
embedded in the jointing material, or they may be made in two or more pieces, or
with a removable flexible ring.

page_text: When it is desired to leave a groove or grooves in the inside of the socket or on
the outside of the spigot for the insertion of the plastic or elastic rings after the joints
are moulded, the moulds may also either be formed in one piece, or constructed in
two or more sections or segments, or provided with a removable flexible ring to be
withdrawn after the joint is moulded.
For convenience of description, the ring of liquid, semi-fluid or molten cement
run, cast or stamped by means of moulds on the spigot or in the faucet of the pipe
is hereinafter called the matrix, and the ring of plastic or elastic material is herein-
after termed the "elastic ring."
"
In the accompanying drawings
Figures 1 to 8 are vertical central sections illustrating various methods of applying
the elastic ring or rings to a pipe-socket.
Figures 9 to 12 are vertical central sections illustrating different methods of
applying the said ring to the spigot-end of a pipe.
Figures 13, 14 and 15 are vertical central sections illustrating different forms or
modifications of the improved apparatus hereinafter described.
Figures 16 and 17 are vertical central sections showing different forms of the
improved mould hereinafter described.
a, a are the pipes to be joined, b, b' the rings, mouldings or linings of cement
or jointing material, e the elastic ring; d is the male mould and ĕ the female
mould.
Figure 1 shows one method of embedding a single elastic ring c in the inside of
the socket a² of the pipe a. The said elastic ring is placed around the male mould d,
which is then put into the socket a². The matrix b is then run into the space between
the mould d and socket a².
When the mould d is withdrawn, the elastic ring c remains embedded in the
matrix b as shewn in Figure 2, which shews in section the complete joint.
Figures 3 and 4 illustrate a similar method of applying two elastic rings to the
sockets a² in such positions that contact of the matrices or cement rings b, b¹ with each
other is preserved.
Figure 5 shows another method of applying the elastic ring e to the inside of the
socket a². In this case a split ring is placed around the mould d below the clastic
ring c and the matrix is run into the space between the mould and pipe-socket as
above described. On the withdrawal of the mould d, both rings c and fare left
embedded in the matrix b. The split or divided ring is then removed, leaving the
elastic ring c projecting beyond the matrix as shown in Figure 6.
Instead of the split ring, I sometimes use a ring f¹ of flexible material, Figure 7,
which can be readily pulled away from the matrix & after the mould d is withdrawn,
leaving the ring c projecting from the said matrix as in Figure S.
Figure 9 shows one method of embedding an elastic ring in the matrix cast around
the spigot of the pipe a¹. The elastic ring c is placed inside the female mould e
which is in one piece. The spigot-end of the pipe is then placed in the mould and a
split or divided ring g inserted and the matrix filled into the space between the
spigot and the mould. The split ring is then withdrawn and the pipe lifted out
of the mould, the clastic ring e remaining embedded in the matrix as shewn in
Figure 10.
Figure 11 shows a method of forming a groove in the matrix on the spigot
of a pipe for the application of an elastic ringe, as in Figure 12, after the matrix is
moulded.
In making the pipe-joints I sometimes employ a self-centring mandrel which adapts
itself to the main axis of the pipe. By means of this mandrel, the pipe and the male
and female moulds are maintained in such a position during the moulding of the
joints that they have one common axis and the faces of the joints are kept at right
angles to the said axis. This mandrel is formed with two self-centring split or
other rings or coils of thin metal, wood, leather, or other suitable material one at
each end, which adapt themselves to the inaccuracies and irregularities of the inside
of the pipe. These self-centring rings or coils have their outer edges truly planed

page_text: or cut at right angles to the axis of the mandrel so as to fit accurately to the faces
of the turned male and female moulds when in position, and thus prevent the escape
of the jointing material during the process of moulding.
Figure 13 shows a self-centring mandrel applied to a stone-ware pipe with the male
and female moulds in position, ready for moulding the joint.
h is the mandrel, is a split ring or coil which is connected by arms with a
boss j. This ring will adjust itself to the inside of the spigot of the pipe and has
no vertical motion on the mandrel. is another split ring or coil which is connected
by arms with a boss ². This ring will adapt itself to the inside of the socket-end
of the pipe and has a sliding motion on, and parallel to the axis of, the mandrel,
so that the length between the outer or planed edges of the rings may be adjusted to
suit pipes of different lengths.
When in the position shewn, the mandrel is clamped by set-screws or other
contrivances so that the two rings or coils leave no part of the butt-end of the
spigot or of the shoulder of the socket of the pipe projecting beyond the turned
edges of the coils. These turned edges are perpendicular to the axis of the mandrel.
Therefore the moulds will be connected in such a manner as to ensure the joints being
at right angles to the axis of the pipe.
Figures 14 and 15 represent other forms of self-centring mandrels applicable to
stoneware pipes.
In Figure 14, the split ring or coil j rests on the bottom of the female mould e and
the coil is attached by screws or otherwise to the underside of the male mould d.
A socket carrying the links m is attached to the mandrel h. Another socket n
carrying the links m'has a sliding motion on the mandrel. The distance-bars o
carrying the rollers p, q are coupled to the said links m, m¹.
The stoneware pipe is first placed in the female mould e. The mandrel h is then
placed in the socket e of the female mould e and lowered till the rollers
come into
contact with the inclined or conical bottom e² of the mould and with the inside of the
coil, thus pressing the latter against the pipe. The male mould d is then placed in
position and the socket n pressed down by means of the handle *, whereby the rollers
are pressed against the split ring or coil k, thus bringing it into contact with the inside
of the pipe. The handle n* is connected with the socket n by means of a pin or bolt
passed through a slot * in the mandrel and fixed in the said socket n.
In Figure 15, the split ring or coil rests on the bottom of the female mould e and
the split ring or coil k is attached by screws or otherwise to the male mould d.
The sockets are fixed on the mandrel and the sockets n, n¹ have a sliding motion
on the said mandrel. The pipe a is first placed in the female mould e and the
mandrel h placed upon the stem e3 of the female mould e.
The links or toggle-arms m are then brought together by pulling the cord r, which
causes the socket n to descend and the socket n¹ to ascend, pressing outwards the
rollers p and q which are carried by links m¹ coupled to the sockets 1, n, n' and
bringing the said rollers into contact with the inside of the pipe a.
"
The toggle-arms are secured in the position shown by passing the cord around the
cleats s, and are expanded or moved apart by a spring which is not shewn in the
drawing.
The hollow mandrel /, instead of passing over the stem e³, may fit inside a socket in
the female mould.
The arrangement shown, however, permits the rollers p¹ to be placed nearer the
spigot-end of the pipe, than they could otherwise be.
When casting a ring of a spherical form on the spigot of a pipe, I employ a mould
of novel construction, whereby, although the said mould is in one picce, the centre
of the sphere of which the said ring is a part shall lie below the top of the said mould,
thus giving to the casting its greatest diameter at some distance from the edge of
This distance is limited by the amount of shrinkage which takes place
on the setting of the material and varies with the nature of that material.
Figure 16 shows a section of a female mould made in one piece, by means of which
ring or matrix b¹ of cement or other jointing material of spherical form may be
the same.

page_text: cast on the spigot of a pipe so that the centre e* of the sphere of which it is a part
is below the top of the mould.
Figure 17 shows a mould of similar form with the addition of a cylindrical portion
between t and t' at the top of the mould.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I wish it understood that
I do not confine myself to the use of any particular material for the moulded parts
of the joints or for the plastic or elastic rings, as the material employed will vary
with the purpose for which the pipes are to be used; nor do I restrict myself to
any precise form of joint, as spherical, conical, cylindrical, or butt joints or any
combination of these or other forms of joints may be used in conjunction with the
plastic or elastic ring or rings, and I claim :-
First. The combination of one or more rings of plastic or elastic material with
ring, moulding or lining of cement or the like on or in the spigot or faucet end
of a pipe, for the purpose above specified.
a
Second. The above described method of embedding the elastic ring or rings in
the ring, moulding or lining of cement, by placing the said elastic ring on the male
mould or in the female mould and then running the molten cement between the
said mould and the pipe.
Third. The modification of my invention wherein I provide for the contact of the
cement surfaces with each other and with the elastic ring or rings, substantially as
set forth.
Fourth. The method of applying the elastic ring to the faucet-end of a pipe, by
placing the said ring upon the male mould together with a split or divided ring
or a flexible ring, then running the molten cement between the said mould and the
pipe, and then removing the split or flexible ring substantially as described with
reference to Figures 5 and 6 or to Figures 7 and 8 of the drawings.
Fifth. The method of applying the elastic ring to the spigot-end of a pipe, by
inserting the said ring in the female mould and placing a split or divided ring over
the same and then running in the cement substantially as described with reference to
Figures 9 and 10 of the drawings.
Sixth. The modification of my invention wherein I provide for the support of the
clastic ring upon the spigot-end of a pipe, by moulding the cement around the latter
in such a manner as to form a shoulder against which the said ring will abut when
placed upon the said pipe, substantially as described with reference to Figures 11
and 12 of the drawings.
Seventh. The improved apparatus substantially as described with reference to
Figure 13 or Figure 14 or Figure 15 of the drawings for forming the joints of
stoneware and other pipes as above specified.
Eighth. A mould for casting rings of cement or the like of spherical forin on the
spigot of a pipe, which mould is in one piece and is so formed that the centre of the
sphere is below the top of the mould and the ring can be withdrawn therefrom when,
but not until, it has shrunk by cooling, as above specified.
Dotad : 19.1
2
700
HASELTINE, LAKE & Co.,
45, Southampton Buildings, London, W.C.,
Agents for the Applicant.