IMPROVEMENTS IN ARRANGEMENTS IN BUILDINGS AND SHIPS WITH A VIEW TO THE EXTINGUISH- MENT OF ACCIDENTAL FIRE THEREIN, AND ALSO THE VENTILATION THEREOF
Year: 1861

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Joseph Beattie, of Lawn Place, South Lambeth, in
the County of Surrey, Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
ARRANGEMENTS IN BUILDINGS AND SHIPS WITH A VIEW TO THE EXTINGUISH-
MENT OF ACCIDENTAL FIRE THEREIN, AND ALSO THE VENTILATION THEREOF."
Sealed the 17th January 1862, and dated the 22nd July 1861.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Joseph Beattie at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 22nd
July 1861.
I, JOSEPH BEATTIE, of Lawn Place, South Lambeth, in the County of
Surrey, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN ARRANGEMENTS IN BUILDINGS AND SHIPS WITH A VIEW TO
THE EXTINGUISHMENT OF ACCIDENTAL FIRE THEREIN, AND ALSO THE VENTILATION
THEREOF," to be as follows:-
I place in or between or connect with the brickwork or other material
of which the main building is composed, one or more main pipe or pipes,
of suitable metal and of sufficient strength and bore, from the basement
or ground floor to the roof or other part or parts of such building, and I
have branch pipes, of suitable metal; bore, and strength, from such main
pipe or pipes into each floor, and; if required, into each room, and I

page_text: carry such branch pipes round the ceiling or other part or parts of such
rooms and other parts of the building, and I have perforations in such
branch pipes, and mouths or roses made ornamentally or otherwise, and
I have suitable joints and cocks or other apparatus, so that when a fire
has taken place in any one or more of such room or rooms, the water can
be forced by steam or other power from below through main pipes and
branch or branches into such room or rooms, as required, for the ex-
tinguishment of the fire therein. I also, in some cases, construct flues in
different parts of the buildings for the passage of water for cooling the
walls, and pipes with requisite inlets and outlets. I also at other times
force or partially exhaust air, by means of a fan or other suitable appa-
ratus worked by steam or other power, through the main and branch pipes
for the purpose of ventilating the rooms of such buildings.
I also apply a like arrangement of such main pipes from the decks or
other convenient parts of ships, with similar branch pipes, into the various
cabins, saloons, between decks, holds, and other parts thereof, for the
extinguishment of fire, and also for purposes of ventilation.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Joseph Beattie in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
22nd January 1862.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, 1, JOSEPH
BEATTIE, of Lawn Place, South Lambeth, in the County of Surrey,
Engineer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-second day of July, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-one, in the twenty-fifth year
of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant
unto me, the said Joseph Beattie, Her special licence that I, the said
Joseph Beattie, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others
as I, the said Joseph Beattie, my executors, administrators, and assigns,
should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all
times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully
might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of
Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN ARRANGEMENTS IN BUILDINGS AND SHIPS WITH
A VIEW TO THE EXTINGUISHMENT OF ACCIDENTAL FIRE THEREIN, AND ALSO THE
VENTILATION THEREOF," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said

page_text: Joseph Beattie, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in
writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should
particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and
in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be
filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next
and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said Joseph Beattie, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be.
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement thereof and the Four Sheets of Drawings forming
part of this my Specification:-
I place in or between or connect with the brickwork or other material
of which the main building is composed, one or more main pipe or
pipes, of suitable metal and of sufficient strength and bore, from the
basement or ground floor to the roof or other part or parts of such
building, and I have branch pipes, of suitable metal, bore, and strength,
from such main pipe or pipes into each floor, and, if required, into each
room, and I carry such branch pipes round the ceiling or other part or
parts of such rooms and other parts of the building, and I have perfora-
tions in such branch pipes, and mouths or roses made ornamentally or
otherwise, and I have suitable joints and cocks or other apparatus, so that
when a fire has taken place in any one or more of such room or rooms,
the water can be forced by steam or other power from below through the
main pipe and branch or branches.into such room or rooms, as required,
for the extinguishment of the fire therein. I also, in some cases, con-
struct flues in different parts of the buildings for the passage of water
for cooling the walls, and pipes with requisite inlets and outlets. I also
at other times force or partially exhaust air, by means of a fan or other
suitable apparatus worked by steam or other power, through the main
and branch pipes for the purpose of ventilating the rooms of such
buildings.
I also apply a like arrangement of such main pipes from the decks or
other convenient parts of ships, with similar branch pipes, into the
various cabins, saloons, between decks, holds, and other parts thereof, for
the extinguishment of fire, and also for purposes of ventilation.
My improvements consist of arrangements of pipes or water passages
for the conduction and diffusion of water through buildings or apart-
ments wherein a fire may happen to be. This is effected by a system of
pipes having outlets through which water may pass and be scattered and
diffused through the place or apartment.
Figure 1 (Sheet No. 1) shews a vertical longitudinal section of a
building with arrangements, as follows:-

page_text: The first floor consists of brickwork arches springing from transverse
iron girders, which I prefer to be of wrought iron, which girders are
supported on cast-iron pillars. In the lower angles of the iron girders
I place pipes or troughs, as shewn, for the passage and diffusion of water,
and such pipes or troughs form skewbacks, from which the brick arches
may spring. These pipes or troughs are supplied with water, by means
of a supply pipe, from the main T, as shewn at A, A, which connects
and supplies all such pipes or troughs, and which supply pipe is furnished
with a valve at B. The water may also be supplied through one or more
01 the hollow columns, as at C, which support the floor, and which are
connected with the pipe D, D, and the pipes or troughs. The flues,
which are formed in the brickwork of the walls, and which may be con-
nected with the main pipe below and the troughs above by suitably
formed branch pipes built in cement in the walls, may also serve to supply
water as well as to keep the walls cool. The skewback pipes may be
constructed to allow the passage of water above the brick arch as well as
below, and the arch be constructed so as to diffuse and distribute the
water through open joints and passages. By these arrangements the
brickwork is protected and kept cool, and they may be applied for the
distribution of water where wrought or cast or corrugated iron is used
instead of brickwork arches.
The second floor is an example of the application of these improvements
to a floor of a different construction to the first. The arrangement of
pipes in this case consists of one or more ascending supply pipes, E, E,
in connection with the water main T. The supply pipes E, E, are pro-
vided with suitable branches on each side, to which the smaller diffusing
pipes F, F, can be attached, having outlets through which the water may
be scattered and diffused. In some cases pipes cast in two halves and
joined, as shewn in Figure 10, Sheet III, may be used, which spread out
the water in sheets.
The third floor is of a different description, being an ordinary wooden
floor supported on iron girders. The arrangement here shewn consists,
in one case, of supply and conducting pipes G, G, from which the
diffusing smaller pipes H, H, having outlets run, some of which pipes
H, H, are placed in the lower angles of the girders. In the other case
the supply of water can be introduced through the hollow columns, as
shewn at I, I, into the conducting pipes K, K, from which the diffusing
pipes H, H, diverge on each side.
The fourth floor is a wooden floor, on wooden joists and beams, to
which is attached an arrangement of pipes somewhat similar to that of
the second floor, L, L, being the supply and conducting pipes, and M, M,
the diffusing pipes. This description of floor being more commonly in

page_text: use, this arrangement or some modification of it would be applicable to
ordinary buildings.
The roof, constructed of wood, is supplied with the arrangement of
pipes so placed as to keep the roof cool and play upon the interior of
the apartment and also on the floor, N, N, being the supply and con-
ducting pipes, and O, O, the diffusing pipes, having suitable outlets.
At
P, P, is shewn an iron gutter or cornice running round the walls, into
which the outlets from the water passages or flues formed in the brick-
work, and shewn also by dotted lines Q, Q, discharge themselves. The
water is thus distributed by means of the gutter (which does not entirely
touch the wall, but only at intervals) equally over the surface of the wall
and keeps the wall cool, both by causing the circulation of the water in
the flues, which may also be connected horizontally, as at R, R, and by
its diffusion over the inner surface of the wall.
In this building i have shewn and arranged several supply pipes, which
can be let into the wall or otherwise conducted, videlicet, one or more to
each floor, thus dividing the building into compartments; and by means
of this arrangement I can operate with the water in such parts of the
building as may then require it.
There can also in some cases be only one supply pipe, with branch pipes
to each floor, and in these branch pipes valves can be fixed, to be worked
from the outside or inside of the building, by the arrangement of simple
apparatus to open all the valves, or to only open one or more, while the
others remain closed. In other cases, one tier of hollow columns may
serve the purpose and have branch pipes at the top at each floor, to
connect to the conducting and diffusing pipes. The branch pipes must
be furnished with valves, which can be worked in a similar manner.
These supply pipes are furnished with valves at a convenient place on
the ground floor, and which valves can be opened or shut, either from
the outside of the building or from the inside, as shewn, by passing the
spindle and handle of the valve through an opening in the wall, and can
also be numbered to indicate to which floor and division they refer. A
closet may be constructed in the brickwork outside of the building, to
contain the gear for opening the valves and branch pipes, with nozzles for
the attachment of hose pipes, and can be closed with a suitable door with
lock.
Figure 2 (Sheet 1), is a vertical transverse section of Figure 1. In the
first floor A, is the ascending supply pipe, supplied from the water main,
and S, S, the water trough or pipe. At D, a section of the conducting
pipe, supplied through the column C, is shewn as in Figure 1. In the
second floor E, E, is the supply and conducting pipe, and F, F, the
diffusing pipes. In the third floor H, H, are the diffusing pipes, laid

page_text: along the lower angles of the iron girder, and are supplied by means of
the hollow columns and caps, through the conducting pipe K, as in the
third floor, Figure 1. In the fourth floor, L, L, are the supply and con-
ducting pipes, and M, M, the diffusing pipes. The roof is supplied with
water through the conducting pipes N, N, and O, O, are the diffusing
pipes. The iron gutter P, P, passing round the walls as before described,
is fed by the water flues, shewn in dotted lines at Q, Q, as in Figure 1,
or by other convenient means. Figure 3-is an enlarged side view of one
of the transverse iron girders, used in the first floor, shewing the iron
skewbacks S, S, placed in the lower angles of the girder, and open to the
side of the girder as before described. Figure 4 is a transverse section
of the same shewing the water trough or pipes S, placed on each side
of the girder and forming the skewback for the brick arch as before
described. The troughs are connected with the conducting pipes A, A,
and supplied with water as shewn at A, A, Figure 1, from the water main
pipes T. Figure 5, is another enlarged view of one of the transverse
girders U, U, across the building, as shewn in the second floor (Figures 1
and 2). In this case, short girders V, V, are introduced between, and
support the brickwork arches. The arrangement of water pipes is as
before described, (Figures 1 and 2,) E, E, being the conducting pipes,
and F, F, the diffusing pipes, all having outlets, allowing the water to
play on the flange of the girder, and be diffused in the room. Figure 6
is a transverse section of the same, F, F, being the diffusing pipes. In
some cases half pipes or gutters can be attached to the bottoms or sides
of the girders, see Figures 7 and 8, and open to the same and other
modifications, as two half pipes or troughs, with suitable flanges, can be
used, as shewn by the dotted lines at W, W. Figure 9, is an enlarged view
of a portion of the transverse girder used in the third floor of Figures
1 and 2, shewing the diffusing pipes H, H, having outlets placed in the
angles of the girder, and supplied from the conducting pipe K, which is
connected throughout with the hollow caps of the columns, and supplied
through one of the hollow columns as before described. Figure 10 is
a transverse section of the same, K, K, being the conducting pipes, and
H, H, the diffusing pipes. Figure 11 is an enlarged view of a portion of
the fourth floor of Figures 1 and 2, shewing the floor supported on wooden
beams and joists, and having an arrangement of water pipes, as before
described in Figures 1 and 2, L, L, being the conducting pipe, and M, M,
the diffusing pipes, with outlets. Figure 12 is a transverse section of the
same. In these Drawings I have shewn several arrangements, of which
some are applicable to new buildings, and others to buildings already
constructed, and the main features can be modified for application to any
buildings at present in use. If the supply of water from the main be not

page_text: sufficient to reach the highest point of the building, the hose pipes of the
fire engines may be attached to the branch pipe, furnished with nozzles
outside the building, and the water may be thus forced to any part of
the building and distributed. Where the water supply is not readily
available as in docks, I propose to have an engine to drive one or several
systems of force pumps, and having proper escape valves, which would
supply the water mains, and force the water to the highest part of the
building.
Figure 1 (Sheet 2), is an elevation of a block of three warehouses.
Figure 2 is a vertical longitudinal section of the same. The first floor has
arrangements similar to those described, belonging to the first floor,
Figures 1 and 2 (Sheet 1). In the warehouse No. 1, the first floor has
an arrangement as follows:-A, A, are the supply pipes from the main B,
and are furnished with valves and branches, with nozzles for fire-engine
hose at C; D, D, are the conducting pipes, and E, E, the water troughs
in the lower angles of the girders, having suitable outlets, and connected
with the conducting pipes through the hollow caps of the pillars, which
have suitable flanges. The conducting pipes D, D, have also branches,
to which the diffusing pipes are attached, running under the soffit of
the arch. The second floor has an arrangement, in which the supply
and conducting pipes F, F, run longitudinally, and the diffusing pipes
G, G, which are attached to the branches on the conducting pipe, run
transversely. The third floor which is of wood, is supported on a wooden
girder, and has an arrangement as follows:-The conducting pipes H, H,
are placed between the joists of the floor, and run above the supporting
transverse beam; and the diffusing pipes I, I, are attached to bent branch
pipes, and pass under the joists of the floor transversely. The fourth
floor is similar to the third, and has a similar arrangement. The roof,
constructed of iron, is supplied with an arrangement of pipes in which the
conducting pipes are situated under the top angle of the roof, and have
suitably formed branches to which diffusing pipes are attached, and the
diffusing pipes L, L, descend on each side, so arranged as to keep the
roof cool.
The warehouse No. 2 has a different arrangement of pipes applied to
the first floor, as follows:-The conducting pipes M, M, are supplied from
the main water pipe, and pass along the side of the wall under the iron
girders, communicating a supply of water to the troughs in connection
with the girders through branch pipes, which are attached to or con-
nected with other suitably formed branch pipes, with flanges formed on
the water troughs. The diffusing pipes N, N, under the soffit of the arch,
are also connected by means of bent branch pipes with the conducting
pipes M, M. The second floor has an arrangement as follows:-0, 0,

page_text: represents the supply and conducting pipes, and P, P, the diffusing pipes,
which are attached to the conducting pipes O, O, and pass under the iron
girders. The third floor is of wood, and supported on a wooden girder;
the supply and conducting pipes are represented at Q, Q, and the diffus-
ing pipes R, R, having outlets, which are attached to the branch pipes on
the conducting pipes Q, Q, pass under the girder, as shewn. The fourth
floor is similar to the third, and has a similar arrangement of pipes. The
conducting pipes S, S, pass transversely under the roof, and the diffusing
pipes T, T, which are attached to the branch pipes of the conducting
pipes, run longitudinally.
In the warehouse No. 3, the arrangement for the first floor is similar
to that before described in warehouse No. 1. The second floor has an
arrangement before described in warehouse No. 1. The third floor has
a different arrangement, where the conducting pipe U passes transversely
across the building near the wall, and has suitable bent branch pipes,
to which the diffusing pipes V, V, are attached, which run between the
joists and over the wooden girder, as shewn. The fourth floor and the
arrangement of pipes is similar to that before described in warehouse
No. 1. The roof and the arrangement of pipes is also similar to that
before described in warehouse No. 1. The iron gutter W, W, passes
round the inside of the walls of warehouses 1, 2, and 3, immediately under
the roof, and is supplied by means of the vertical flues, which are built
in the external and party walls, and are connected with the water main
pipe by suitable connecting flues, or pipes and valves, and such flues have
outlets above into the gutter or trough which distributes the water. The
vertical flues are shewn by dotted lines at X, X, and may also be con-
nected by horizontal flues in some cases. By the passage of the water
through the flues and the distribution thereof over the surface of the
walls, they are protected and kept cool.
Figure 3 is an enlarged sectional view of side wall and water passage or
flue a, having outlets into the iron gutter or trough b, as before men-
tioned, which is so attached to the wall as to allow the water to escape
between it and the wall, and thus be spread over the surface.
Figure 4 is an enlarged view of the closet formed in the wall (shewn
also at C, C, Figures 1 and 2), containing the water valves c, c, of the
ascending supply pipes d, d, in connection with the main B, and also the
branch T pipes e, e, furnished with nozzles, having screwed caps for
attaching the fire-engine hose pipes, and provided with proper valves or
cocks, to be opened when the hose pipes are attached.
Figure 5 is an enlarged transverse section of one of the transverse
girders of the first floor of Figure 2, shewing the manner of supplying the
water troughs g, g, through the conducting pipes f, f, by means of the

page_text: branch pipes h, h, which are connected to a suitable inlet pipe and flanges
formed on the water trough.
Figure 6 is a side view of Figure 5, f being the conducting pipe; h, the
branch pipe; and g, g, the water trough with outlets.
In this building I have shewn the arrangements of water pipes to be fed
through ascending separate supply pipes, but as before mentioned in
describing Figures 1 and 2 (Sheet 1), where it might be preferred, the
water may be conducted through the central tier of columns in each
warehouse, or through one ascending supply pipe, having branch pipes to
each floor with valves and gear to be worked from any convenient position
or from any floor.
Figure 1 (Sheet 3), is a vertical transverse section of a dwelling-house,
representing fire-places, flues, and chimney stack, &c., from which it will
be seen that water passages A, A, formed in the wall, as shewn at A, A,
Figure 2, by the side of the flue of each chimney B, B, and having outlets
into the same as shewn at *.
Another arrangement consists of an ascending supply pipe C, C, placed
in a recess in the brickwork of the chimney breast, as illustrated at D,
Figure 3, and having separate branch pipes to each chimney flue above,
furnished with cocks and valves, which may be worked by simple
apparatus, similar to wire bell gearing from the room in the chimney of
which the fire may happen to be. In other cases separate pipes to each
chimney flue may be conducted up in the brickwork of the chimney
breast from the basement where the supply of water is taken, and be
furnished with cocks or valves having handles at the side of the chimney
breast in each room at the fire-place of the chimney, to which the water
pipe is conducted. Either cocks or suitable slide valves may be used, and
in case of a fire occurring in the chimney, it will be only necessary to turn
on the water by using the handle attached to the cock or slide valve.
The floor of the apartment No. 1 is provided with the arrangement of
pipes, as follows:-The pipes E, E, placed behind the plinth of the
skirting and running all round the room, communicate with the pipes
F, F, beneath the cornice of the ceiling of the room below, by means of a
series of descending pipes G, G. The pipes E, E, round the room are
supplied with outlets, to allow the water to pass out on the floor and also
between the joists of the floor, and.on the ceiling below. The plinth has
outlets also, to allow the passage of water on to the floor. The descend-
ing pipes G, G, have outlets for the diffusion of water, and the pipes F, F,
are also provided with outlets, to. allow the water to play against the
ceiling and walls. The pipes F, F, may answer the double purpose of a
pipe and the usual ornamental apparatus to suspend. pictures from. The
pipes E, E, are supplied with water through an ascending supply pipe in

page_text: ment.
connexion with the water main, may be conducted in an angle of the
staircase or in any other convenient way, may have a cock or valve, which
can be worked from the landing, or the cock can be placed on the base-
The water passes through the pipes E, E, and the pipes G, G,
into the pipes F, F, and is diffused through the outlets of those pipes.
Sometimes I use ornamental roses or centre ornamental pieces in the
ceiling, to allow the water which is diffused between the floor and ceiling
by the pipes E, E, and G, G, to escape therefrom.
The floor of the apartment No. 2 is provided with a modified arrange-
ment of that before described belonging to apartment No. 1, H, H,
representing the pipe placed behind the plinth of the skirting, and run-
ning all round the room, and having outlets; I, I, are the descending
pipes communicating with the pipes K, K, also having outlets, which may
be embedded in and form part of the cornice. The supply of water may
be effected in a similar manner to that before described.
The ceiling of the apartment No. 2, is furnished with a gutter L, L,
forming part of the cornice, and supplied with water, either by the flues
M, M, formed in the walls, or by a pipe or pipes N, N, inserted in the flues,
or the water may be supplied, as before described, through a supply pipe.
The gutter has perforations or outlets or ornamental roses for the dis-
tribution of the water, or the water may overflow the gutter and pass over
the ceiling, and be diffused through outlets, as before described. The
flues or passages in the brickwork may be used for the medium passage of
water to the apartment, and may also be used for the purpose of
ventilation.
Figure 4 represents an enlarged view of a portion of the wall, plinth,
flooring, and joist of the apartment 1, Figure 1, and of the ceiling,
cornice, and pipes of the apartment below, shewing the pipe E, the con-
necting pipe G, and the pipe F, all having suitable outlets, and arranged
as before described.
Figure 5 is another view of Figure 4, E, E, being the pipes, shewn
behind the skirting in Figure 4; G, the connecting pipe shown in dotted
lines; and F, the pipe below the cornice, O representing the ascending
supply pipe connected by suitable branch pipes with the pipe E.
Figure 6 is an enlarged view of a portion of the wall, plinth, flooring,
and joist of the apartment No. 2, Figure 1, and of the ceiling, cornice, and
pipes of the apartment below No. 1, shewing the pipe H, the connecting
pipe I, and the pipe K, forming part of the cornice, all having suitable
outlets, and arranged as before described. The pipe P is the supply pipe,
and in this case shewn built in the brickwork of the wall.
Figure 7 is another view of Figure 6; H, H, being the pipe shewn
behind the skirting in Figure 6, I being the descending connecting pipe

page_text: shewn in dotted lines, and K the pipe forming part of the cornice. The
supply pipe P is shewn in dotted lines.
Figure 8 is a view of an ornamental diffusing pipe Q, having suitable
outlets running round the room and supported by and supplied through a
series of branch pipes R from the supply pipe >. The pipe Q is placed
below the cornice and projecting slightly from the wall, and can be used
to suspend pictures from.
Figure 9 is another view of Figure 8, Q, Q, being the ornamental pipe,
and S, S; the supply pipes.
The
Figure 10 is a sectional view of the ceiling of a large room or assembly
hall where the cornice T, T, which can be formed of cast iron or other
suitable material, and having suitable outlets, is hollow and passes round
the walls, and also divides the ceiling into squares or panels.
cornice is here shewn supplied with water by means of the water passages
U, U, in the walls, which are supplied with branch pipes, as shewn at
V, V, Figure 10, and at V, Figure 11; but the supply of water could be
conducted up architectural columns or pilasters in some cases, or by
means of supply pipes outside the buildings; or other modifications of
pipes can be made to effect the desired object. The water being thus
supplied to the cornices would be distributed through the outlets into the
room.
Figure 12 represents a pipe constructed in two halves, connected to-
gether by bolts and nuts, as shewn through the lugs, which touch each
other, but allow a space between the edges of the pipes, so that the water
would be spread out into sheets. The top or bottom half, or both halves,
may have outlets or perforations, so that jets of water could escape up-
wards and downwards.
Figure 13 is a sectional view of Figure 12.
Figure 14 is an end view of the iron roof of the warehouses No. 1 and
No. 2, Figure 2 (Sheet 2). The conducting pipes W are placed in the
angle of the roof, and the diffusing pipes X, X, so placed as to allow the
water to play against the roof and beep it cool.
Figure 15 is an end view of the iron roofs of the warehouses No. 2,
Figure 2, (Sheet 2). The conducting pipes Y, Y, are placed transversely
under the roof, and the diffusing pipes Z, Z, run longitudinally.
Figure 16 is a sectional view of a pipe or trough formed of two pieces of
wood scantling cut to the required shape, and united by screws or clamps.
The outlets a, a, which are made by inserting a piece of wood or leather
or other material between the two halves, at intervals, throughout the
length of the pipe or trough, would effect the distribution of the water in
sheets, and suitable outlets might also be made in the upper and lower

page_text: angles. This description of pipe could be cheaply constructed, and would
be applicable in sheds, outbuildings, &c.
Figure 1 (Sheet 4) represents an end sectional view of a shed, such as
is used for covering railway carriages, and an end view of the railway
carriages standing under it. It is furnished with an arrangement of
water pipes for the protection of the building and carriages, as follows:-
A, A, are the supply and conducting pipes from the water main pipe B.
The supply pipes are shewn furnished with valves, and also branch pipes
with nozzles and valves at C and D, for attaching the hose pipes of fire-
engines thereto; E, E, are the diffusing pipes, so arranged as to allow
the water to play against the roof and keep it cool, and also upon the
carriages.
Figure 2 represents an internal longitudinal sectional view of the roof,
and arrangement of pipes of Figure 1. A, A, being the supply pipes, and
E, E, the diffusing pipes, which are attached to suitably formed branches
on the supply pipes.
The before described arrangements of pipes with outlets for diffusing
water, are, with suitable modifications, also applicable to the holds and
cabins of ships, and can be supplied with water by pumps; in the case
of sailing vessels worked by hand, or in steam vessels the supply pipe can
be connected with the engine pumps.
I adapt the arrangements before described for the purpose of ventilat-
ing buildings by attaching a branch pipe, having a suitable valve to the
ascending water supply pipe at some part above the valve thereof, which
cuts off the water. This branch is extended to an air vessel to be
exhausted of air, or partially so by means of a revolving fan or other suit-
able known apparatus. When it is intended to ventilate any apartment,
the air thereof is withdrawn or pumped out through the supply pipes
by means of the exhausting fan employed by the revolving fan or other
apparatus.
དྷྭ་་
In some cases a pipe with suitable outlets can be placed round the
room behind the skirting board, which must be perforated, and which
pipe must be connected with the water supply pipe, or the pipe round
the cornice of the ceiling may be connected with the chimney flue by a
pipe having a cock for ventilation.
Having described the nature of my Invention, and in what manner
the same is or may be performed, I wish it to be understood that I do not
claim any of the parts or details herein-before mentioned or described,
taken separately; but that I only claim as my said Invention the several
combinations and arrangements for the extinguishment of fire in build-

page_text: ings and ships, and also for the purposes of ventilation, as herein-before
described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Joseph Beattie, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Twenty-second day of January, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-two.
JOSEPH BEATTIE. (L.S.)