IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINES FOR CRUSHING, GRINDING, AND Surfacing
Year: 1877

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Charles Edward Hall, of Leeds, in the County of York,
Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINES FOR CRUSHING,
GRINDING, AND Surfacing."
Sealed the 29th September 1877, and dated the 12th April 187
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Charles Edward Hall at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 12th April 1877.
CHARLES EDWARD HALL, of Leeds, in the County of York, Engineer.
PROVEMENTS IN MACHINES FOR CRUSINING, GRINDING, AND SURFACING."
"IM-
My Invention relates, firstly, to such stone-breaking or crushing machines as have
two or more vibrating jaws hung upon the same fulcrum or shaft, this part of my
said Invention being specially applicable to the stone-breaking machines described
in the Specification of Letters Patent granted to me, and bearing date 18th April,
A.D. 1876, No. 1613.
The jaws of machines of this class as hitherto made have wearing faces, consisting
of alternate V shaped ribs and furrows. This form of jaws is attended by the
disadvantage that such of the stones under treatment as fall into the furrow pro-
duced by the inclined faces of the ribs or teeth at the adjacent edges of adjacent
jaws (which jaws have motion in opposite directions) are caused to rock about
laterally, and consequently are not crushed as readily as the stones operated upon
by the other parts of the said jaws. Now the object of this part of my Invention
is to remedy this defect, and for this purpose instead of making all the ridges or
teeth of the V shape described I make the teeth or ribs at the edges of each jaw flat,
so that the adjacent teeth of each two adjacent jaws shall present flat surfaces to
the stones instead of furrows or inclined surfaces, the stones operated upon by such
flat surfaces being crushed at once instead of being caused to rock, as aforesaid.
When the faces are in upper and lower sections either one or both sets may be
formed with flat teeth at their edges, as herein-before described.
My Invention relates further to grinding mills in which both the top and bottom
stones or metal grinding plates revolve, and in which one plate depends on frictional

page_text: contact with the other (by reason of its centre of rotation being placed excentrically
to that of the driving plate) for its rotatory motion.
Hitherto such plates or stones have been made to revolve at equal or nearly equal
speeds, but by my improvements I increase the grinding power of such mills by
regulating the speed of one of the grinding plates or stones relatively to the other
by means of an adjustable friction bearing or friction brake as herein-after described
to suit the substance to be ground.
I construct and apply the friction bearing or brake as follows:-I cast on or affix
to the cover of the mill a short vertical tube or neck, which when the said cover is
in position surrounds the feed tube to which the upper grindstone or grinding plate
is affixed, the said neck being of such a size as to leave an annular space between it
and the said tube. The interior of the said neck is of a slightly conical or taper
form, being of largest diameter at its upper end. Between the interior of the said
neck and the feed tube I insert a gland or friction bearing made in several
parts, the interior of which gland (when the parts are in position) is of a cylindrical
form to fit the feed tube, the exterior of the said gland being tapered to fit the taper
of the said neck. Lugs are formed on the several parts of the gland, through holes
in which pass the screwed ends of screw bolts, the lower ends of which are fixed in
the neck aforesaid. These bolts are furnished with nuts, by turning which the
gland can be forced into the neck and adjusted therein. The amount of friction
between the feed tube and the gland, and the consequent speed of the upper grinding
plate, can thus be regulated as required, the nuts aforesaid being fixed in position by
means of lock nuts.
Instead of using screw bolts to effect the adjustment of the gland, such adjust-
ment may be effected by means of a screwed collar, the thread of which engages
with a thread cut on the feed tube.
Although I prefer to regulate the speed of one of the grinding plates or surfaces
relatively to the other by the means herein-before described, such speed may be
regulated by means of any suitable contrivance, such as a friction strap or break.
For some substances which require previous reduction before being passed into
the mill, I combine with the mill a crushing machine of the kind described in the
Specification of Letters Patent granted to ine, and bearing date the 13th April,
A.D. 1876, No. 1613, such machine being represented in Figures 15 and 16 of the
Drawings accompanying the said Specification. The said crushing machine may be
mounted at the side of the mill (as would be the case with a mill having vertical
runners), or at the upper part of the said mill, the crushed substance in either case
being led to the centre or eye of the mill for further reduction.
In some cases I prefer to combine with the mill, as herein-after described, the
arrangement of cone and conical feed hopper or chamber described in the Specifica-
tion of Letters Patent granted to me in conjunction with Charles Edward Bainbridge,
and bearing date the 21st April, A.D. 1875, No. 1460, the said cone and conical
chamber being illustrated in Figures 29, 31, 32, 35, and 36 of the Drawings accom-
panying that Specification.
When the mill is constructed with horizontal runners I prefer to drive the lower
one, and to prolong the driving shaft and pass it up through the feed aperture in
the top plate, and on this part of the shaft to form an excentric, and mount thereon
a corrugated truncated cone (driven by friction as herein-after explained), which
cone works in a cylindrical casing, having a renewable corrugated ring inside,
between which and the cone the substance under treatment is crushed prior to being
fed between the plates. The revolution of the driving shaft causes the excentrically
mounted cone to pound and break up the substance under treatment, and to dis-
tribute it between the grinding plates. In order to obtain sufficient frictional
contact between the said driving shaft and the cone I make a taper hole in the said
cone and insert therein a gland or friction bearing of the kind herein-before
described, that is to say, the interior of the said gland is of a cylindrical form to fit
the excentric on the driving shaft, the exterior of the said gland being tapered to fit

page_text: the taper hole in the conc. The said gland is made in two or more separate parts,
which are forced into the cone and adjusted therein by means of a screw collar, the
thread of which engages with a screw thread cut on the driving shaft. By turning
this collar the amount of friction between the gland and the cone, and the consequent
speed of the latter, can be regulated as required. The said collar is fixed in position
by lock nuts.
When the mill is constructed with vertical grinding plates I arrange a partly-
conical feed hopper or chamber at one side of the casing, the interior of which may
be plain, or furnished with teeth or cutting edges, and the feed is introduced through
a tapering throat, as described in the aforesaid Specification, No. 1460, A.D. 1875,
with respect to my improvements in disintegrators.
The operation of the mills described is as follows:-The substance to be operated
upon is fed into the preliminary crusher (whether it consist of vibrating jaws or of
a circular casing and truncated cone) and is therein reduced, and is thence fed
regularly between the grinding surfaces, which may be of stone, emery, steel, or
hard cast iron, as I use all or any of these materials, according to the work to be
done.
The grinding plates are affixed by bolts and nuts to the driving plates, which are
of ordinary cast iron turned true with the bearings, and these plates or renewable
wearing faces are composed of a peculiar mixture of cast iron, and are faced on one
side either by being turned in a lathe or by surfacing, as herein-after described.
In applying my improvements to machines for surfacing hard metals, c.g., trueing
the backs of the jaw faces and the backs of the circular grinding plates herein-before
referred to, I cast or fix upon the bed plate of the machine a headstock in which
revolves a shaft, on which are mounted the driving pulleys and also two emery
wheels, one (which grinds with its periphery) for grinding the jaw faces aforesaid
and other small surfaces, and the other for grinding the circular plates aforesaid. I
mount a second headstock in a slide in a line with the fixed headstock. In this
second headstock revolves a shaft on which is fixed a chuck or face plate, which
carries the article to be ground. This latter headstock is moved towards or from
the fixed headstock by any suitable means.
The axes of the shafts aforesaid are excentric to one another, and when the
moveable headstock is so adjusted as to bring the plate to be ground into
contact with the grinding wheel carried by the driving shaft, the revolution of
the latter causes the said plate to revolve in the same direction, and at nearly
the same speed as the said grinding wheel (the action being similar to that of
the mills herein-before described). And in order to regulate the speed of such
plate relatively to said grinding wheel, I apply to the shaft carried by the
moveable headstock either the adjustable friction bearings herein-before described,
or differential or other gearing. The jaw face to be ground is fixed on a table
having compound slides, by which the said face is brought under the emery
wheel for that purpose.
The table aforesaid is raised as required by means of
an inclined plane, or of two inclined planes, which is or are inserted between
the said table and the slide which carries it, the said inclined plane or planes
being worked by a suitable screw. By this means the necessary "feed is put
on when the table is traversed under the emery wheel.
"J
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Charles Edward Hall in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 11th
October 1877.
CHARLES EDWARD HALL, of Leeds, in the County of York, Engineer. "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN MACHINES FOR CRUSHING, GRINDING, AND SURFACING."
My Invention relates, firstly, to such stone breaking machines as have two or

page_text: more vibrating jaws hung upon the same fulcrum or shaft, this part of my said
Invention being especially applicable to the stone breaking machines described in
the Specification of Letters Patent granted to me and bearing date 18th April A.D.
1876, No. 1613.
The jaws of machines of this class, as hitherto made, have wearing faces con-
sisting of alternate V shaped ribs and furrows. This form of jaw is attended by
the disadvantage that such of the stones under treatinent as fall into the furrow
produced by the inclined faces of the ribs or teeth at the adjacent edges of adjacent
jaws (which jaws have motion in opposite directions) are caused to rock about
laterally, and consequently are not crushed as readily as the stones operated upon
by the other parts of the said jaws. Now the object of this part of my Invention
is to remedy this defect, and for this purpose instead of making all the ridges or
teeth of the shape described I make the teeth or ribs at the edges of each jaw
flat, so that the adjacent teeth of each two adjacent jaws shall present flat surfaces
to the stones instead of furrows or inclined surfaces, the stones operated upon by
such flat surfaces being crushed at once instead of being caused to rock, as
aforesaid.
When the faces are in upper and lower sections either one or both sets may bo
formed with flat teeth at their edges, as herein-before described.
Figure 1 of the accompanying Drawings is a sectional elevation of part of a
stone breaking machino; Figures 2 and 3 are elevations of the fixed jaw and swing
jaws respectively; Figure 4 is a plan of the said jaws; and Figure 5 is a cross
section of parts of the wearing faces of the swing jaws, Figure 3, drawn to a larger
scalc.
The same letters and figures of reference indicate the same parts in each of the
said Figures.
A, A, are the swing jaws and a, a, are the wearing faces thereof; b1, b¹, are the
wearing faces constituting the fixed jaw B; and a², a², are the flat teeth formed
on the wearing faces a¹, a¹.
My Invention relates further to grinding mills in which both the stones or metal
grinding plates revolve, and in which one plate depends on frictional contact with
the other (by reason of its centre of rotation being placed excentrically to that of
the driving plate) for its rotary motion.
Hitherto such platos or stones have been made to revolve at equal or nearly
equal speeds, but by my improvements I increase the grinding power of such mills
by regulating the speed of one of the grinding plates or stones relatively to the
other by means of an adjustable friction bearing or friction brake, as herein-after
described, to suit the substance to be ground.
I construct and apply the friction bearing or brake as follows:-I cast on or
affix to the cover of the mill a short vertical tube or neck, which, when the said
cover is in position, surrounds the feed tube or journal of the upper grindstone or
grinding plate, the said neck being of such a size as to leave an annular space
between it and the said tube. The interior of the said neck is of a slightly conical
or taper forin, being of largest diameter at its upper end. Between the interior of
the said neck and the feed tube I insert a conical gland or friction bearing made
in several parts, the interior of which gland (when the parts are in position) is of a
cylindrical form to fit the feed tube, the exterior of the said gland being tapered
to fit the taper of the said neck. A ring is placed over or lugs are formed on the
several parts of the gland through holes in which pass the screwed ends of screw
bolts, the lower ends of which are fixed in the neck aforesaid. These bolts are
furnished with nuts, by turning which the gland can be forced into the neck and
adjusted therein, so as to cause sufficient friction to retard or arrest the motion of
the said upper plate. The amount of friction between the feed tube and the gland,
and the consequent speed of the upper grinding plate, can thus be regulated as
required, the nuts aforesaid being fixed in position by means of lock nuts. This
part of my Invention is illustrated in Figure 6 of the accompanying Drawing,

page_text: which is an elevation, partly in section, of a mill constructed as herein-before
described, to which my improvements are applied. C is the cover of the mill, on
which is cast the neck c¹; D is the feed tube or journal of the upper grindstone ;
E is the gland inserted between the feed tube D and the neck c'; F is the ring
placed over the gland E; c, c, are the bolts fixed in the neck c¹; and c³, c³, are the
lock nuts, by which the ring F is caused to bear upon and press the said gland to
its seat, and by which the amount of friction between the feed tube D and the
gland E may be regulated as required. The upper stone may be presssed upon the
lower stone by means of the weighted lever Y and the parts in connection there-
with, or the lower stone may be pressed against the upper stone by means of the
weighted lever Z (indicated in dotted lines) and the parts in connection therewith.
The friction bearing or gland E instead of being applied to the journal of the upper
stone, as herein-before described, may be applied to the journal U of the lower
stone, in which case the said boaring is used in substitution for the gland u¹, the
interior of the stuffing box u being made conical to fit the said bearing.
Instead of using screw bolts to effect the adjustment of the gland such adjust-
ment may be effected by means of a screwed collar, the thread of which engages
with a thread cut on the feed tube. This arrangement is illustrated in Figure 8,
which is herein-after described.
Although I prefer to regulate the speed of one of the grinding plates or surfaces
relatively to the other by the means herein-before described, such speed may bo
regulated by means of any suitable contrivance, such as a friction strap or brake.
For some substances, which require previous reduction before being passed into
the mill, I combine with the mill a crushing machine of the kind described in the
Specification of Lettors Patent granted to me and bearing date the 13th April
A.D. 1876, No. 1613, such machine being represented in Figures 15 and 16 of the
Drawings accompanying the said Specification. The said crushing machine may
be mounted at the side of the mill (as would be the case with a mill having vertical
runners), or at the upper part of the said mill, the crushed substance in either case
being led to the centro or eye of the mill for further reduction. This arrangement
is illustrated in Figures 13 and 14 of the accompanying Drawings; Figure 14
being an end elevation, partly in section; and Figure 13, a longitudinal vertical
section, taken on the line 2, Figure 14. V is the crushing machine; and W is the
mill between the stones w³, w, of which the matter to be ground passes from the
crushing machine V by the shoot 20².
In some cases I prefer to combine with the mill as herein-after described the
arrangement of cone and conical feed hopper or chamber described in the Specifica-
tion of Letters Patent granted to me in conjunction with Charles Edward Bainbridge,
and bearing date the 21st April A.D. 1875, No. 1460, the said cone and conical
chamber being illustrated in Figures 20, 31, 32, 35, and 36 of the Drawings
accompanying that Specification.
Figure 15 of the accompanying Drawings is a side elevation partly in section of
this arrangement; A* is the mill; B* is the conical feed hopper or crushing
chamber; and C is the truncated cone which is driven by friction, being provided
with a friction gland and screwed collar, similar to the arrangement herein-before
described with reference to Figure 8 of the accompanying Drawings; D* is the
shoot by which the crushed matter passes to the mill.
When the mill is constructed with horizontal runners I prefer to drive the lower
one, and to prolong the driving shaft and pass it up through the feed aperture in
the top plate, and on this part of the shaft to form an excentric, and mount loosely
thereon a corrugated truneated cone, which cone works in an internally corrugated
tube or cylinder formed on or affixed to the upper plate, between which tube or
cylinder and the cone the substance under treatment is crushed prior to being fed
between the plates. This arrangement is illustrated in Figure 7, which is a side
elevation partly in section of a mill thus constructed. G is the lower runner; H is
the driving shaft, which is prolonged and passes through the aperture in the upper

page_text: plate I; is the excentric formed on the shaft H; and J is the corrugated trun-
cated cone mounted on the said excentric; K is the corrugated tube or cylinder
formed on the plate I. The revolution of the driving shaft H causes the loose conc
J to pound and break up the substance under treatment and to distribute it
between the grinding plates G and I.
Instead of corrugating the interior of the tube or cylinder formed on or affixed
to the upper plate a renewable corrugated ring or lining may be secured thereto.
When frictional contact is required between the driving shaft H and the cone J
I make a taper hole in the said cone and insert therein a gland or friction bearing
of the kind herein-before described; that is to say, the interior of the said gland is
of a cylindrical form to fit the excentric on the driving shaft, the exterior of the
said gland being tapered to fit the taper hole in the conc. The said gland is made
either in one piece with longitudinal slits cut in the lower part thereof to allow of
its being compressed upon the shaft, or in two or more separate parts, which are
forced into the cone and adjusted therein by means of a screw collar, the thread of
which engages with a screw thread cut on the driving shaft. By turning this collar
the amount of friction between the gland and the cone and the consequent speed of
the latter can be regulated as required, or the cone may be thus locked fast.
This arrangement is illustrated in Figures 8 and 9. Figure 8 is a vertical section
of the cone and gland, the excentric and a portion of the shaft on which it is
formed being in elevation; and Figure 9 is a section of the said parts taken on the
line 1, Figure 8; L, L, are the several parts of the gland; and M is the screw collar,
which being screwed on to the shaft H forces the said gland between the excentric
and the cone J. The said collar may be fixed in position by a lock nut.
The operation of the mills described is as follows:-The substance to be operated
upon is fed into the preliminary crusher (whether it consist of vibrating jaws or of
a circular casing and truncated cone) and is therein reduced and is thence fed regu-
larly between the grinding surfaces, which may be of stone, emery, steel, or
hard cast iron, as I use all or any of these materials according to the work to
be done.
The grinding plates are affixed by bolts and nuts to the driving plates, which are
of ordinary cast iron turned true with the bearings and these plates, or renewable
wearing faces are composed of a peculiar mixture of cast iron, and are faced on one
side either by being turned in a lathe or by surfacing as hercin-after described.
In applying my improvements to machines for surfacing hard metals (e.g., trueing
the backs of the circular grinding plates herein-before referred to) I cast or fix
upon the bed plate of the machine a headstock, in which revolves a shaft on which
are mounted the driving pulleys and also two emery wheels, one (which grinds with
its periphery) for grinding the jaw faces aforesaid and other small surfaces, and the
other for grinding the circular plates aforesaid. I mount a second headstock in a slide
in a line with the fixed headstock. In this second headstock revolves a shaft on
which is fixed a chuck or face plate which carries the article to be ground.
This latter headstock is moved towards or from the fixed headstock by any
suitable means.
The axes of the shafts aforesaid are excentric to one another, and when the
moveable headstock is so adjusted as to bring the plate to be ground into contact
with the grinding wheel carried by the driving shaft, the revolution of the latter
causes the said plate to revolve in the same direction and at nearly the same speed
as the said grinding wheeel (the action being similar to that of the mills herein-
before described); and in order to regulate the speed of such plate relatively to the
said grinding wheel I apply to the shaft carried by the moveable headstock the
adjustable friction bearings herein-before described. The jaw face to be ground is
fixed on a table having compound slides, by which the said face is brought under
the wheel for that purpose. The table aforesaid is raised or lowered, as required,
by means of an inclined plane or of two inclined planes, which is or are inserted
between the said table and the slide which carries it, the said inclined plane or

page_text: planes being worked by a suitable screw. By this means the necessary "feed" is
put on when the table is traversed under the emery wheel. Figure 10 is an end
elevation, and Figure 11 is a longitudinal section of my said surfacing machine,
the feeding table and the parts by which it is carried being in elevation. X is the
headstock cast upon the bed plate (not shown) of the machine; N is the shaft
working in the said headstock; n¹ is a driving pulley, and n³ is a loose pulley;
n³, n, are the omery wheels mounted on the said shaft; O is the second headstock
mounted in a slide (not shown), so as to be capable of motion in a line with the
fixed headstock X; Pis the shaft working in the headstock O; and p¹ is the chuck or
face plate by which the article to be ground is held; and Q is a weighted lever by
which it is forced against the emery wheel n'; o', o', are friction glands of the kind
described with reference to Figures 6, 8, and 9, and held in place by rings o³, o²,
bolts o³, 03, and nuts o*, o'. This arrangement of friction glands, rings, and shaft is
illustrated separately in Figure 12, in which the said arrangement is shown partly
in clevation and partly in section. R is the table on which the jaw faces to be
ground are fixed, the said table being supported on inclined sliding blocks S, S,
which may be caused to approach towards or separate from each other by turning
the screw 8¹ which engages with screw boxes 82, 83, carried by the said blocks. By
this arrangement the table R may be raised or lowered for fine adjustinent as
required, the said table R and compound slides being raised as required by means of
the screw T and screw nut t¹.
Having now described the nature of my Invention and the manner in which
the same is to be performed, I wish it to be understood that I do not limit myself
to the precise details herein-before described and illustrated in the accompanying
Drawings, as the said details my be varied without departing from the nature of
my Invention; but I claim as my said Invention,-
Firstly. The improvements in the wearing faces or jaws of stone-breaking
machines herein-before described with reference to Figures 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 of the
accompanying Drawings, that is to say, forming the teeth at the edges of such
wearing faces or jaws flat.
Secondly. The improvement herein-before described with reference to Figure 6 of
the accompanying Drawings in mills of the kind herein-before referred to, that is
to say, applying to one or other of the journals of the mill a conical adjustable
friction bearing or friction brake, essentially as and for the purposes described.
Thirdly. The combination with such mills as have vertical runners of the crushing
machine herein-before referred to, essentially as herein-before described with refer-
ence to Figures 13 and 14 of the accompanying Drawings.
Fourthly. The combination with such mills as have vertical runners of the
conical feed hopper or chamber and the truncated crushing cone herein-before
referred to, essentially as herein-before described with reference to Figure 15 of the
accompanying Drawings.
Fifthly. The improvements herein-before described with reference to Figures S
and 9 of the accompanying Drawings in forming the truncated crushing cones of
mills having horizontal runners, and mounting such cones on the driving shafts of
such mills, that is to say, making a conical hole in the truncated cone and inserting
between it and the driving shaft a conical friction bearing or gland adjusted and
fixed in position by means of a screw nut or screw collar or of a collar and screws,
essentially as and for the purpose described.
Sixthly. The general combination and arrangement of parts constituting the
improved surfacing machine herein-before described and illustrated in Figures 10
and 11 of the accompanying Drawings.
Seventhly. Regulating the speed of the shaft which carries the article to be sur-
faced in a surfacing machine relatively to the grinding wheel by applying my
improved friction bearing or brake to the said shaft, essentially as herein-before
described and illustrated in Figures 10 and 11 of the accompanying Drawings.
Eighthly. The employment in surfacing machines of inclined planes adjustable

page_text: by screws for feeding up the article to be ground, essentially as herein-before
described and illustrated in Figures 10 and 11 of the accompanying Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said Charles Edward Hall, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Tenth day of October, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and seventy-seven.
CHARLES EDWARD HALL. (L.S.)