Improvements in or relating to Machinery or Apparatus for Treating, Softening, and Purifying Water, Sewage, Slimes, or other Liquids or Matters held in Solution or Suspension.
Year: 1897

page_text: Date of Application, 12th Oct., 1897
Improvements in or relating to Machinery or Apparatus for Treating,
Softening, and Purifying Water, Sewage, Slimes, or other Liquids
or Matters held in Solution or Suspension.
A communication to me from abroad by JOHN EVAN Jordan, of Johannesburg, in the
South African Republic, Engineer.
I, WILLIAM HERMAN LEONARD GALLOWAY, of Johannesburg, in the South African
Republic, but at present residing at 4, High Street, Inverurie, in the County of
Aberdeen, North Britain, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention
to be as follows:-
This invention relates to improvements in machinery or apparatus for treating,
softening, depositing, filtering, and purifying water, sewage, slimes, or other
liquids or matters of any nature held in solution or suspension, with or without the
aid of chemicals, or electricity, or filters, or screens.
According to this invention the machinery or apparatus may consist of any
desired number of tanks; or a number of separate tanks may be connected together
by suitable pipes; or a tank divided by partitions into any required or desired
number of compartments.
The tanks may be made of any suitable size and shape, such as, for example,
say, round, square, or oval, and of any suitable material, such as, say, of steel,
wrought or cast iron, galvanized iron, wood, cement, brick, stone, or any other
suitable material, or a combination of two or more of such materials.
The size of the machine and the number of tanks being regulated by the quantity
and nature of the matter or solution to be treated per hour.
Each tank or compartment is or are provided with, and connected together by,
one or more pipes or shutes of any suitable size or shape, arranged to enter the
tanks or compartments at the top, hottom, or sides, which convey the liquid under
treatment from one tank or compartment to the other. Each of the said pipes may
or may not be provided, at a suitable distance and position from the mouth of the
pipe, with a cone, and an air pipe; or, in place of the cone, an enlarged round
pipe, or a pyramidical or other regular or irregular form with or without baffle
plates; or the said pipe may be provided with one or more branches, or the end
of the pipe may be blocked, and perforated with holes of any size, shape, or form.
The object of the pipes and cones is to provide for stopping the rush of water and
to cause the matter to be thrown down, and facilitate the precipitation and so avoid
any rush that would disturb the matter precipitated and to allow the liquid to be
conveved undisturbed from one tank or compartment to the other.
Each tank or compartment may be also provided with sloping sides or any
desired number of slopes for conveying the sludge to one or more sludge cocks or
valves, with or without the addition of a hopper or hoppers, and one or more
sludge pipes placed in convenient positions in or with regard to the tank or com-
partment.

page_text: Screen and filters formed of any suitable material, such as say cocoa mut matting,
horse hair, blanketting, metallic screens, filters made of, say, shavings, carbon,
ashes, coconut fibre, or any other suitable material or filtering medium, may be
provided to catch any matter that should pass the cones, and they may be placed
in one or any number of tanks or compartments, and in any position or at any
angle from the horizontal to the vertical, between the bottom edge of the said cone
and the outlet.
The matter or solution under treatment can he precipitated by passing an
electrical current through the solution by inserting two wires, one a positive wire
and the other a negative wire, in any convenient position in each tank or com-
partament.
The power and volume of the current used may be regulated according to the
quantity and description of matter or solution under treatment. Or the matter or
solution under treatment may be treated with chemicals placed in any desired
number of tanks hereafter termed " re-agent tanks." The re-agent tanks are
preferably placed above, though not necessarily so, the other tanks, or in any other
desired position so as to be in communication therewith, say, by means of a launder or
trough. The re-agent tank or tanks is or are made of any convenient size and
shape for holding chemicals suitable for mixing with the impure water, liquid, or
other matter under treatment, before entering the tank or tanks, for the purpose
of neutralizing any acids and precipitating any injurious or other matters held in
suspension or solution. The launder or trough, in which the impure liquids and
chemicals are mixed before entering the tank or tanks, may he made in any suitable
shape or form and it may be fitted with baffle plates fixed at any angle to suit
circumstances. A second launder or trough of any suitable shape or form may
also be provided for catching the sludge as it escapes from the tank or tanks.
The machine or apparatus is provided with an inlet pipe for the impure water
or matter, and an intermediate funnel or hopper shape pipe, and an outlet. Both
the intermediate and the outlet pipes are arranged at opposite ends of the machine
or apparatus and above the level of the filter bed or beds.
The impure water or matter to be treated as it leaves the inlet pipes enters the
lounder or trough where it may-by means of balle plates therein-be
thoroughly mixed as it passes to the intermedinte pipe, with the chemicals from the
re-agent tank or tanks.
The liquid then enters the intermediate pipe which is in connection with, say,
the first pipe and cone, and passes through the several tanks, pipes, cones, and filter
bed or beds, until it finally passes out after treatment through the outlet pipe. The
matter precipitated falls on the sloping sides of the tanks and is drawn off through
the sludge cocks and pipes and falls into the second launder or trough which is
employed for carrying the sludge to a suitable place for further treatment or
destruction as the case may be.
The whole machine may thus be cleansed in a very short time.
Dnted this Ninth day of October 1897
Improvements in or relating to Machinery or Apparatus for Treating,
Softening, and Purifying Water, Sewage, Slimes, or other Liquids
or Matters held in Solution or Suspension.
A communication to me from abroad by Jous EVAN JORDAN, of Johannesburg, in
the South African Republic. Engineer.
I WILLIAM HERMAN LEONARD GALLOWAY, recently residing at 4, High Street.
Inverurie, in the County of Aberdeen, North Britain, but now of Johannesburg,

page_text: in the South African Republic, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement:
=
This invention relates to improvements in machinery or apparatus for treating,
softening, depositing, filtering, and purifying water, sewage, slimes, or other
liquids or matters of any nature held in solution or suspension, with or without
the aid of chemicals, or electricity, or filters, or screens.
The object of this invention is to produce a machine or apparatus, which can be
used for treating sewage, slimes, or any other matters held in solution or suspension,
provided with suitable tanks for holding chemicals, which are mixed with the
impure liquid, before entering the purifying tanks, for the purpose of neutralizing
any acids and precipitating any injurious or other matters held in suspension or
solution. The tanks are connected with pipes or shutes at the end of which is a
cone which throws down any matter held in suspension or solution and facilitates
the precipitation. The machine is also provided with one or more filters which
catches any matter that should happen to pass the cones. Each tank is provided
with suitable sloping sides which convey the matter precipitated to one or more
sludge pipes placed in convenient positions in each tank. These pipes are provided
with sludge cocks through which the precipitated matter is extracted. The whole
of the machine or apparatus can thus be cleaned in a few minutes. The refuse
passes into a launder or trough and is conveyed to a suitable place for further treat-
ment or destruction as the case may be.
The machine or apparatus may be constructed in any size, and with any number
of tanks. The size of the machine or apparatus is regulated by the quantity and
nature of matter or solution to be treated per hour, and is used for depositing and
filtering matters of any nature held in suspension or solution.
I attain these objects by the machinery or apparatus illustrated in the accom-
panying drawings, in which:
-
Fig. 1 is a longitudinal section on lineæ a Fig. 3.
Fig. 2 an end elevation.
Fig. 3 a plan looking at the top.
Fig. 4 an enlarged sectional elevation on line y y Fig. 1.
Similar letters refer to similar parts throughout the several views.
The machinery or apparatus may consist of any desired number of tanks A, B,
C, D; or a number of separate tanks may be connected together by suitable pipes:
or a single tank divided by partitions into any required or desired number of
compartments.
The tanks A, B, C, D, as shown in the drawings, may be made of any suitable
size and shape, such as, for example, say, round, square, or oval, and of any suitable
material, such as, say, of steel, wrought or cast iron, galvanized iron, wood, cement,
brick, stone, or any other suitable material, or a combination of two or more of such
materials.
The size and the number of tanks being regulated by the quantity and nature of
the matter or solution to be treated per hour.
Each of the tanks or compartments, hereafter termed tanks, is_or_are_provided
with, and connected together by one or more pipes or shutes E, F, G, H, of any
suitable size and shape, arranged to enter the tanks or compartments at the top.
bottom, or sides. In the drawings the said pipes are shown to enter the tanks at
the top and they are employed for conveying the liquid under treatment from one
tank or compartment to the other. Each of the said pipes E-armed with an
enlarged end or hopper P-F. G, H, may or may not be provided, at a suitable
distance and position from the mouth of the pipe, with a cone respectively
marked I, J, K, L, and with an air pipe marked respectively i, j, k, l. Or, in
place of the cone, an enlarged round pipe, or a pyramidical or other regular or
irregular form with or without baffle plates; or the said pipe may be provided with
one or more branches. Or the end of the pipe may be blocked, and perforated

page_text: with holes of any size, shape, or form. The object of the said pipes and cones is to
provide for stopping the rush of water and to cause the matter to be thrown down,
and to facilitate the precipitation, so as to avoid any rush that would disturb the
mutter precipitated, and to allow the liquid to be conveyed undisturbed from one
tank or compartment to the other.
Each tank may be also provided with sloping sides marked respectively a, b, c, d,
or any desired number of slopes for conveying the sludge to one or more sludge
cocks or valves R arranged say below the bottom of each tank with or without
the addition of a hopper or hoppers, and connected to the bottom of said tanks
by one or more sludge pipes r placed in convenient positions in or with regard to
the tank.
A screen or screen T formed of any suitable material, such as, say, cocoa nut
matting, horse hair, blanketting, metallic screens. and a filter or filters T made
of, say, shavings, carbon, ashes, cocoa nut fibre, or any other suitable material or
filtering medium, may be provided to catch any matter that should pass the cones,
and they may be placed in one or any number of the tanks and in any position
therein, or at any angle from the horizontal to the vertical, between the hottom
edge of the said cone and the outlet. U.
In the drawing a screen T and filter is only shown in tank D but they could
also be applied, if so desired, to the other tanks.
The matter or solution under treatment can, if desired, be precipitated by pass-
ing an electrical current through the solution by inserting two wires one a positive
wire and the other a negative wire, of ordinary construction in any convenient
position in each tank.
The power and volume of the current used may be regulated according to the
quantity and description of matter or solution under treatment. Or the matter
or solution under treatment may be treated with chemicals placed in any desired
number of tanks hereafter termed "re-agent tanks." two of which are shown in the
drawings and marked 00. The re-agent faaks 001 are preferably placed above,
though not necessarily so, the other tanks A, B, C, D. or in any other desired
position so as to be in communication therewith, say, by means of a lounder or
irough M Fig. 3, a portion of which is also shown at Fig. 7. The re-agent tank or
tanks is or are made of any convenient size and shape for holding chemicals suit-
able for mixing with the impure water. liquid, or other matter under treatment.
before entering the tank or tanks, for the purpose of neutralizing any acids and
precipitating any injurious or other matters held in suspension or solution. The
launder or trough M in which the impure liquids and chemicals are mixed before
entering the tank or tanks A, B, C, D. may be made in any suitable shape or form
and it may be fitted with baffle plates m fixed at any angle to suit circumstances.
A second launder or trough S of any suitable shape or form may also be provided
helow the bottom of the tanks for catching the sludge as it escapes therefrom.
The machine or apparatus is provided with an inlet pipe N. for the impure water
or matier, and an intermediate pipe communicating with funnel or hopper P
and an outlet U. The intermediate pipe and the outlet pipe are arranged at
opposite ends of the machine or apparatus and above the level of the filter bed or
beds T¹.
The matter under treatment follows the course indicated by arrows as shown at
Fig. 1.
The impure water. or matter to be treated as it leaves the pipe N enters the
launder at M. it then comes in contact with the chemicals from the tanks 0 01.
and then passes down the launder M. This lander is provided with baffle
plates for thoroughly mixing the liquid before entering the pipe 7 and funnel-
shaped pipe P. The liquid then enters pipe E, and follows the course indicated
by the arrows in longitudinal section, passing successively through pipes F, G, H
into cones I, J, K, L and tanks A, B, C. D.
The matter or liquid under treatment after leaving pipe II. at cone L, passes
through screen T and filter T', and leaves the tank after treatment at pipe II.

page_text: The matter precipitated falls on sloping sides a, b, c, d, and is drawn off through
pipes and sludge cocks R, and falls into launder S, which conveys the sludge to
a suitable place for further treatment or destruction as the case may be.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is:
-
In apparatus for treating sewage the combination of a tank divided into compart-
ments with sloping sides, said compartments communicating with each other by
means of pipes armed with cones for preventing rush of inflowing matter, air pipes
communicating with said cones, an inlet pipe communicating with a mixing
launder armed with baffle plates, re-agent tanks connected by pipes to said mixing
launder, pipe and hopper for connecting the mixing launder to the cone pipe in
the initiatory tank, screen and filter bed interposed above the level of the cone
in the last tank, and the outlet pipe and a sludge launder arranged below the
bottom of the compartments, said compartments being connected with said sludge
launder by means of pipes and stop cocks, all arranged as set forth and illustrated.
Dated this Ninth day of July 1898.
WILLIAM HERMAN LEONARD GALLOWAY,
By W. Fairburn-Hart,
Agent.