IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CARRIAGE DODIES
Year: 1862

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Robert Pickin and William Edwin Pickin, both of
Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Carriage Builders, for the
Invention of IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CARRIAGE DODIES.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Robert Pickin and William
Edwin Pickin at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 21st February 1862.
We, ROBERT PICKIN and WILLIAM EDWIN PICKIN, both of Birmingham, in
the County of Warwick, Carriage Builders, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CARRIAGE BODIES,"
to be as follows:-
Our Invention has for its object the manufacture of carriage bodies in such
manner as to obtain strength and durability combined with lightness and con-
venience. For this purpose, we take bars or rods of iron or other metal, which
we bend where necessary, or otherwise shape and weld or unite where they

page_text: meet in such manner as to constitute a framework. To these bars or rods we
connect other rods or wires laid in pairs or otherwise, so as to produce what
may be called a skeleton body. Over or under these rods or wires, or over or
under some or portions thereof, we attach plain or corrugated woven wire or
wire network, which in some cases we solder or otherwise unite to the said rods
or wires where they come in contact, to obtain strength, though this is not
always needful. The wires should be galvanized.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said Robert Pickin and William Edwin Pickin' in the Great Seal
Patent Office on the 21st August 1862.
•
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, ROBERT
PICKIN and WILLIAM EDWIN PICKIN, both of Birmingham,, in the County of
Warwick, Carriage Builders, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-first day of February, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-two, in the twenty-fifth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto us, the,
said Robert Pickin and William Edwin Pickin, Her special licence that we
the said Robert Pickin and William Edwin Pickin, our executors, adminis-
trators, and assigns, or such others as we, the said Robert Pickin and
William Edwin Pickin, our executors, administrators, and assigns, should at
any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times there-
after during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make,
use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CARRIAGE BODIES," upon the condition (amongst others)
that we, the said Robert Pickin and William Edwin Pickin, our exécutors or
administrators, by an instrument in writing under our, or their hands and
seals, or under the hand and seal of one of us or them, should particularly
describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner
the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great
Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after
the date of the said Letters Patent.
: NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said Robert Pickin and William Edwin
Pickin; do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what

page_text: manner the sanic is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascer-
tained in and by the following statement thereof, reference being had to the
accompanying Drawings, and to the letters; and figures-marked thereon, that
is to say -
Our Invention has for its object the manufacture of carriage bodies in such
manner as to obtain strength and durability combined with lightness and con
venience. For this purpose we take bars or rods of iron or other metal, which
we bend where necessary, or otherwise shape and weld 'or. unite where. they
'meet in such manner as to constitute a framework. To these bars or rods. we
connect other rods or wires laid in pairs or otherwise, so as to produce what
may be called a skeleton body. Over or under these rods or wires, or over or
under some portions thereof, we attach plain or corrugated woven wire, or
wire network, which in some cases we solder or otherwise unite to the rods
'or wires where they come in contact-to obtain increased strength, though this
is not always needful. We recommend that the whole body when put together
as described should be, galvanized.
Having thus set forth the nature of our said Invention, we next proceed; in
order that the nature of our Invention and the mode of performing. it may be
better understood, to describe more particularly the best mode known to us of
carrying the Invention into effect, explaining it by way of example as applied
to the manufacture of one of the seats or bodies of a double-bodied phaeton,
which we have selected as an illustration, because that is one of the forms to
which the Invention may be most usefully applied..
4
We take a straight iron rod or a bar of round section of the required thick-
ness, say, half inch round, which we bend into the shape desired for the out-
line or external configuration of the seat, an example of such a form is shewn
in Figure 1, but of course other forms may be used; we weld or otherwise
connect its ends where they meet. This bar or rod, which is marked A in the
Figures, is intended as the frame of the seat; we then take a second bar or¸
rod of like thickness and bend it into the form desired for the back, such a
form is exemplified in plan, Figure 2, and side view, Figure 3, though of
course, other forms may be adopted. This second bar, marked B in the Figures,
is intended as the frame of the back; we then weld or otherwise firmly join
the ends of the bar B to the frame A at the parts a, a, as shewn in Figure 4;
this constitutes the framework. We then fasten across the seat frame A à
'number of wires b; b, attaching them to opposite sides of the frame, as shewn
in Figure 5, and they may also be fastened to each other where they cross, by
means of binding wire or otherwise. We arrange these wires b in transverse

page_text: -lines, as. shewn, though other arrangements may be adopted; thus, the wires
>may all run in one direction, or some may be curved and others straight. We
take another rod wire or wires c, Figure 5, which we bend into the curve or
sweep desired for the back, and fasten it at the ends to the framework ; the hori
zontal, portion of such wire (or of one of such wires if there are several) is
about midway between the top part of B and the back part of A. We then
fasten a number of wires d, d, to the frame A and B, following the required
form of the back; the dotted line d, Figure 3, shows one such form of wire,
though other forms may be adopted. The skeleton body thus produced is next
ornamented with woven wirework, as at e, Figure 5, in any desired manner,.
using for the purpose either plain or corrugated wire; the wire is attached to
the frame A and rod c, over or under the wires d, d. f,f, are wire scrolls,
which may be used, if desired, for further ornamenting the body, in which case
they would be attached to the wires d, d, by binding wire or otherwise. The
whole is now ready for being galvanized or painted, or both galvanized and
painted, but we recommend that it be galvanized, whether painted or not; the
galvanizing serves to attach the wires and rods more firmly together, so that
if the body be not galvanized, more binding wire should be used.
is
Figure 5 is a front view, but with the wires in their simple forms; Figure 6
a perspective view of a finished body. The carriage body is mounted on
wheels in any ordinary convenient manner of mounting carriage bodies.
Instead of forming the frames A, B, each of a single bar, each may consist of
two or more bars, rods, or pieces of metal welded or otherwise connected
together. We have mentioned the thickness of the rods A and B as about
half an inch round, but other dimensions may be used as found desirable,
according to the strength or lightness required. Other strengthening pieces.
besides those mentioned may be added.
If the carriage body be manufactured of brass instead of iron, a handsome
effect would be produced by dipping and lacquering: the wires being well
bound together with binding wire.
Although we have described the Invention as applied to a phaeton body, it
may be applied in a similar manner to other descriptions or denominations of
carriages.
Having now described the nature of our said Invention, and in what manner
the same may be performed, we declare that we do not confine ourselves to
the exact form and arrangement of the bars, rods, and wires berein-before
described, nor to the precise order set forth of combining the same, which,
nevertheless, we believe to be the best; but what we claim is, the mode

page_text: of manufacturing carriage bodies of metal, substantially as herein-before
described.
In witness whereof, we, the said Robert Pickin and William Edwin
Pickin, have hereunto set our hands and seals, this Twentieth day
of August, in, the year of our. Lord One thousand eight hundred
and sixty-two.
Witness,
JOSEPH COOKE,
Patent Agent,
Birmingham..
ROBERT PICKIN.
(L.S.)
WILLIAM EDWIN PICKIN. (L.S.)