IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR GOVERNING THE SPEED OF MOTIVE-POWER ENGINES
Year: 1868

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Moses Savery Maynard and Robert Grime, both
of Preston, in the County of Lancaster, Cotton Spinners, for the
Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR GOVERNING THE SPEED OF
MOTIVE-POWER ENGINES."
Sealed the 17th October 1868, and dated the 22nd April 1868.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Moses Savery Maynard
and Robert Grime at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 22nd April 1868.
We, MOSES SAVERY MAYNARD and ROBERT GRIME, both of Preston, in
the County of Lancaster, Cotton Spinners, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR GOVERNING THE
SPEED OF MOTIVE-POWER ENGINES," to be as follows:-
Our Invention-consists of an improved regulator or governor for steam
or other motive engines :by the application of a balance wheel, pen-
dulum, or clockwork.in combination with a differential or sun-and-planet
wheel or pulley motion.
In our Invention one part of the differential motion is driven directly
from the steam or other motor, to be governed and transmits its motion

page_text: to the other parts of the same, one of these parts being connected with
the throttle or other valve or starting gear, and the other part being.
connected with the balance wheel or pendulum or clockwork, the part
connected with the throttle valve or other valve or gear having a weight
attached for the double purpose of opening the valve when required and
also acting as a maintaining power on the part connected with the
balance wheel or pendulum or clockwork, and by it maintained at a
uniform rate of speed. So-long as these two parts of the differential
motion, namely, that dériving its motion direct from the engine or other
motor and that connected with and regulated by the balance wheel,
pendulum, or clockwork, revolve in unison, the part connected with the
throttle valve or other valve or gear remains stationary and no action
is transmitted to the valve or gear; but when the engine is working faster
or slower than the rate given to the part connected with and acted upon
by the-balance wheel, pendulum, or clockwork, then the part connected
with the valve or gear will at once begin to revolve, and so move the
valve or gear so as to shut or open the same as far as may be required
to bring the other 'two motions again in unison. When this is done the
action on the part connected with the valve or gear ceases and remains
stationary until again disturbed by a change in the speed of the engine.
or other motor.
This Invention is also applicable for the purpose of keeping two
engines or motors in unison by substituting in place of the balance wheel
or pendulum or clockwork, a shaft driven by the motor whose speed
it. is desirable to conform to. As above described, any variation in the
speed of the two parts of the differential motion will at once act upon
the part connected with the stopping or starting gear and so bring the
two motors in unison.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Moses Savery Maynard and Robert Grime in the 3
Great Seal Patent Office on the 21st October 1868.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Moses Savery Maynard and Robert Grime in the 30
Great Seal Patent Office on the 21st October 1868.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, MOSES
SAVERY MAYNARD and ROBERT GRIME, both of 'Preston, in the County
of Lancaster, Cotton Spinners, send greeting.

page_text: WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-second day of April, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-eight, in the
thirty-first year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto us, the said Moses Savery Maynard and Robert
Grime, Her special license that we, the said Moses Savery Maynard and
Robert Grime, our executors, administrators; and assigns, or such others
as we, the said Moses Savery Maynard and Robert Grime, our executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no
others, from. time to time and at all times thereafter during the term
therein expressed, should.and lawfully might make,. use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands; and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY FOR GOVERNING THE. SPEED OF MOTIVE-POWER ENGINES," upon the
condition (amongst others) that we, the said Moses Savery Maynard and
Robert Grime, our executors or administrators, by an instrument in
writing under. our, or their, or one of our or their hands and seals,
should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Inven-
tion, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause
the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent..
NOW KNOW YE, that we, tlie said Moses Savery Maynard and Robert
Griine; do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention, and in what
manner. the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement (that is to say):
Our Invention consists of an improved regulator or governor for steam
or other motive engines by the application of a balance wheel, pen-.
dulum, or clockwork in combination with a differential or sun-and-planet.
wheel or pulley motion.
In our Invention one part of the differential motion is driven directly,
from the steam or other motor to be governed and, transmits its motion.
to the other parts of the same, one of these parts being connected with.
the throttle or other valve or starting gear, and the other part being:
connected with. the balance wheel or pendulum or clockwork, the part,
connected with, the throttle valve or other valve or gear having a weight.
attached for the double purpose of opening the valve when required and,
also of acting, as a maintaining power on the part connected with. the.

page_text: balance wheel or pendulum or clockwork, and by it maintained at an
uniform rate of speed. So long as these two parts of the differentia
motion, namely, that deriving its motion direct from the engine or othe
motor and that connected with and regulated by the balance wheel
pendulum, or clockwork, revolve in unison, the part connected with the
throttle valve or other valve or gear remains stationary and no action i
transmitted to the valve or gear; but when the engine is working faste
or slower than the rate given to the part connected with and actėil upor
by the balance wheel, pendulum, or clockwork, then the part connected
with the valve or gear will at onco begin to revolve, and so move the
valve or gear so as to shut or open the same as may be required to
bring the other two motions again in unison. When this is done the
action on the part connected with the valve or gear ceases and remains
stationary until again disturbed by a change in the speed of the engine
or other motor:
.
This Invention is also applicable for the purpose of keeping two
engines or motors in unison by substituting in place of the balance wheel
or pendulum or clockwork, a shaft driven by the motor whose speed
it is desirable to conform to. As above described, any variation in the
speed of the two parts of the differential motion will at once act upon
the part connected with the stopping or starting gear so as to bring the
two motors in unison.
And in order that our Invention may be fully understood and readily
carried into operation we will proceed to describe the accompanying
Sheet of Drawings.
Figure 1 is an elevation of our improved governor as constructed
with an. internal wheel, an inner external wheel, and an intermediate
pinion, as shewn in Figure 2; Figure 3 is an end elevation, and Figure 4
a plan, partly in section, of the same; Figure 5 shews the plan of a
similar motion when arranged and constructed with external spur
wheels; and Figure 6 is also a plan of a similar motion when arranged
and constructed with bevel wheels. We shew these latter motions
mainly as different methods of obtaining the same result, and they
are included in the general description of a differential or sun-and-
planet wheel or pulley motion. In describing the above-named motions
similar letters of reference are marked on corresponding parts in all
the Figures.

page_text: In Figures 1, 3, and 4, A is the framework on which the governor is
fixed; B is a pulley, or it may be a toothed wheel, deriving its motion
direct from the engine or other motor to be governed. To this pulley
or wheel is attached the internal spur wheel C which drives the pinion D
and the inner wheel E. The wheels C and E are loose on the shaft F,
but the pinion D runs loose on a stud affixed to the arm. G, which arm
is fast to the shaft F. The pinion D drives the wheel E, and is con-
nected with the escapement wheel H, either directly or by a train of
wheels, as shewn, the said escapement wheel being regulated by the
pendulum H', or by a balance wheel or clockwork. I is a lever, also
fast to the shaft F, and connected to the throttle or other valve or
starting gear. This lever is weighted, so as to act as a maintaining
power to the pendulum, and also to open the throttle or other valve or
gear as required. The arrangement of the wheels C, D, and E with
the arm G attached to shaft F is shewn best in Figure 2.
The action and the effect of this, governor motion are as follows:--
The speed required of the steam engine or other motor being given,
and the arrangement of the oscillations of the pendulum calculated
accordingly, then in case the engine and consequently the pulley or
wheel B should go faster than the speed given by the pendulum, it will
at once cause the pinion D on the arm G to travel round C and E,
carrying with it the arm G, which being fast to the shaft F com-
municates its motion to the lever I, also fast to the shaft F. This
movement of the lever I closes or partially closes the starting or
throttle valve, and so reduces the speed of the engine, but should the
engine go slower than the speed given by the pendulum, the weight
on the lever I continues to drive the pendulum, and at the same time
opens the starting or throttle valve, and so increases the speed of the
engine until it is again working at the speed required.
Figure 5 shews the method of performing the same Invention, or
obtaining a motion giving the same result, when arranged and con-
structed with external spur wheels. A is the framework; B, the pulley
or toothed wheel driven by the engine or other motor; C, the wheel
to which it is attached; D, D', are the wheels fixed on a stud at the
end of the arm G which is fixed to the shaft F; E is the wheel con-
nected with the escapement wheel H, either directly or by a train of

page_text: wheels; I, the weighted lover fast. to the shaft. F, and also. connected
to the starting or throttle valve.
Figure 6 is another arrangement by which the same result is obtained,
arranged and constructed with bevel wheels. A, the framework; B, the
pulley or wheel attached to the wheel C; D is the wheel working on
the arm G, this arm being fast to the shaft F, the wheels D and E being
loose on the same shaft; E is the wheel attached to the escapement
wheel H; I, the weighted lever fast to the shaft F; and connected
with the starting or throttle valve. In these two latter arrangements
all the movements are similar to those more fully described in Figure 1,
and they are introduced mainly to shew that any differential sum-and-
planet wheel or pulley motion, when used for this purpose in combination
with a pendulum, balance wheel,- or clockwork, is included by us in
describing our Invention. When a proportionate speed is required from
two separate motors the escapement wheel H is dispensed with, and
the wheel E is driven directly from the motor whose speed it is desirable
to conform to. The remainder of the apparatus and the action being
the same as above described, any variation of speed in the two motors
at once influences the shaft F, the lever I, and the governing valve or
apparatus until they are again in unison.
In the description of the Drawings we have adhered to one particular
arrangement for working the differential motion, but we do not confine
ourselves to this particular arrangement, nor to the relative position of
the parts, as the same result may be obtained in other ways, providing
that the engine or other motor be attached to one part, the throttle
valve or other gear to a second part, and the pendulum to the third,
the only difference in each case being that it is desirable to use that
arrangement which best gives the desired speed to the respective parts.
We wish also to observe that instead of the escapement. wheel and
pendulum shewn in the Drawing, we intend to use when desirable a
balance wheel or clockwork.
Having thus fully described the nature of our Invention, and shown
how the same may be conveniently and advantageously carried into
practice, we claim,-
First. The combination of a pendulum, balance wheel, or other time-
keeper with a differential sun-and-planet wheel or pulley motion, for
governing steam engines or other motors, as described.

page_text: And, secondly. The application of the said differential or sun-and-
planet wheel or pulley motion to two or more motors, for the purpose
of keeping them in unison, or at any required relative rate of speed.
In witness whereof, we, the said Moses Savery Maynard and Robert
Grime, have hereunto set our hands and seals, this Nineteenth
day of October One thousand eight hundred and sixty-eight.
MOSES SAVERY MAYNARD. (L.S.)
ROBERT GRIME.
(L.S.).