IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PACKING OF "AL THE PACKING OF PISTONS, GLANDS, PIPE AND OTHER JOINTS
Year: 1870

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to George Dominicus Kittoc and Peter Brotherhood,
both of 56, Compton Street, Clerkenwell, in the County of Middlesex,.
Engineers, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PACKING OF
"
PROVISIONAL, SPECIFICATION left by the said George Dominicus
Kittoe and Peter Brotherhood at the Office of the Commissioners
of Patents, with their Petition, on the 6th January 1870.
We, GEORGE DOMINICUS KITTOE and PETER BROTHERHOOD, both of
56, Compton Street, Clerkenwell, in the County of Middlesex, Engineers,
"IMPROVEMENTS IN
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
THE PACKING OF PISTONS, GLANDS, PIPE AND OTHER JOINTS," to be as
follows:-
―
Our improvements relate to packing used for keeping tight pistons,
or their rods, plungers, buckets, or other working parts of machinery
for acting on or being acted on by fluids under pressure, and also to the
joints of pipes for conveying fluids.

page_text: For pistons or their rods, buckets, plungers, or other moving parts of
such machinery we adopt the following construction: We fit in a recess
or groove in the working surface a metallic or in some cases a hard
wood ring which is split and tongued, or it may be several split rings
arranged so as to break joint, and behind these rings we place a double
*flanged ring of caoutchouc or other elastic substance, the flanges of such
ring being made to bear against the sides of the recess, and the face of
the ring bearing against the back of the metallic or hard wood rings.
We admit into the recess the fluid under pressure, so that it tightens
the elastic ring against its metallic or hard wood facing, and also
tightens the flanges of the elastic ring against the sides of the recess.
[
For the joints of pipes we employ the following construction:-
We bring the two ends of the pipes to be joined into juxtaposition,
allowing a little clearance between them. We surround these ends by a
cylinder of caoutchouc or other elastic material, made with a cavity
within its thickness and an annular opening from this cavity on the
inside, so that it is like a cylindrical tube with its two ends folded within
itself. We place this elastic cylinder on the ends of the pipes so that
its annular opening faces the clearance between the ends of the pipes,
and we cover the elastic cylinder by a metallic casing securing it
externally and at each end. When the pipe so joined is charged with
fluid under pressure, this pressure acting within the cavity of the clastic
cylinder tightens it against. the pipes and the casing, while the casing
prevents it from being too much expanded or rent. When the pressure
of the fluid in the pipe is moderate we dispense with the ends of the
casing which thus becomes a short piece of tube covering the elastic
cylinder. In cases where the pressure outside the pipes. exceeds that
within the elastic cylinder requires no internal cavity being tightened
against the pipes by the external pressure. In some cases we make the
casing in several parts screwing them together or bolting them together
like flanges with the elastic cylinder within them.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said George Dominicus Kittoė and Peter. Brotherhood
in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 6th July 1870.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, GEORGE
DOMINICUS KITTOE and PETER BROTHERHOOD, both of 56, Compton.

page_text: Street, Clerkenwell, in the County of Middlesex, Engineers, send
grecting...
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty. Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Sixth day of January, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy, in the thirty-third year
of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant
unto us, the said George Dominicus. Kittoc and Peter Brotherhood, Her
special licence that we, the said George Dominicus Kittoe and Peter
Brotherhood; our executors, administrators; and assigns; or such others
as we, the said George Dominicus Kittoe and Peter Brotherhood, our
executors, administrators; and assigns, should at any time agree with
and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during. the
term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, uso, exercise,
and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland;
the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE PACKING OF PISTONS, GLANDS; PIPE AND OTHER JOINTS," upon 'the con-
dition (amongst others) that we, the said George Dominicus Kittoc and
Peter Brotherhood, our executors or administrators, by an instrument
in writing under our, or their; or one of their hands and seals; should
particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said. Invention, and
in what manner the same was to be performed, and..cause. the same to
be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar. months.
next and immediately after the date of tlie said Letters Patent...
• NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said George Dominicus Kittoe and
Peter Brotherhood, do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention,.
and in what manner. the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
Our improvements relate to packing used for keeping tight pistons or
their rods, plungers, buckets, or other working parts. of machinery, for
acting on or being, acted on by fluids under. pressure, and also to the.
joints of pipes for conveying fluids.
•
For pistons or their rods, buckets, plungers, or other moving parts of
such machinery we adopt the following, construction.:-We fit in a
recess, or groove in the working. surface; a metallic or in some cases a.
hard wood ring which is split and tongued, or it may be several split.
rings arranged so as to break joint, and behind these rings we place a
double flanged ring. of caoutchouc or other elastic: substance, the flanges.
of such ring being made to bear against the sides of the recess and the

page_text: face of the ring bearing against the back of the metallic or hardwood
rings. We admit into the recess the fluid under pressure so that it
tightens the elastic ring against its metallic or hardwood facing and also
tightens the flanges of the elastic ring against the sides of the recess.
For the joints of pipes we employ the following construction:-We
bring the two ends of the pipes to be joined into juxtaposition allowing
a little clearance between them. We surround these ends by a cylinder
of caoutchouc or other elastic material made with a cavity within its
thickness, and an annulär opening from this cavity on the inside, so that
it is like a cylindrical tube with its two ends folded within itself. We
place this elastic cylinder on the ends of the pipes so that its annular
opening faces the clearance between the ends of the pipes, and we cover
the elastic cylinder by a metallic casing securing it externally and at
each end. When the pipe so joined is charged with fluid under pressure
this pressure acting within the cavity of the clastic cylinder tightens it
against the pipes and the casing, while the casing prevents it from being
too much expanded or rent. When the pressure of the fluid in the pipe
is moderate we dispense with the ends of the casing which thus becomes
a short piece of tube covering the elastic cylinder. In cases where the
pressure outside the pipes exceeds that within the elastic cylinder
requires no internal cavity being tightened against the pipes by the
external pressure. In some cases we make the casing in several parts,
screwing them together or bolting them together like flanges with the
clastic cylinder within them.
.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Figs. 1, 2, 3, 8, and 9 illustrate various modes of constructing packing
for piston rods, pump rods, or plungers according to our Invention. a
is a metallic or in some cases it may be a hardwood ring split and
tongued, or it may consist of several split rings, breaking joint; 6 is a
doubled flanged ring of caoutchoue or other elastic substance surrounding
the ring or rings a; both the rings a and b are placed within a recess
the flanges of the ring 6 bearing against the sides of the recess. c, c,
are apertures through which the fluid under pressure is admitted to the
of the fluid in the recess tightens the elastic ring b
recess; the pressure
against the ring a, and so causes the latter to grasp the rod or plunger
which works through it, and at the same time the pressure causes the
flanges of the ring 6 to bear firmly against the sides of the recess and
thus to prevent leakage past the edges of the ring a.

page_text: Figs. 4, 5, and 6, illustrate the construction of the packing for
pistons; Fig. 7 the same as applied to a pump bucket, and Fig. 10 as
applied to a slide. In these cases the elastic rings 6 are placed within
the metallic or hardwood rings a and press out the latter so as to make.
them bear against the inner surfaces of the cylinders in which they
work.
Fig. 11 illustrates the application of the packing constructed
according to our Invention to a slide so as to relieve its pressure on the
slide faces: In this case the elastic ring subjected to the pressure of
the steam or fluid admitted, by apertures c into the recess bears the
ring a against the back of the slide jacket and the flanges of the ring b
being pressed against the inner and outer peripheries of the recess
prevent leakage.
Fig. 12 represents a transverse, and Fig. 13 a longitudinal section of
a rotary pump or engine to which we apply a 'flanged elastic ring d for
the purpose of packing an eccentrically mounted disc or revolving
piston so as to make it work without leakage in the cylinder e in which
it revolves and against the flap f which rises and falls as the piston
rotates.
Figs. 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20 represents sections of pipe joints' con-
structed in various ways according to our Invention. In Figs. 14,
15, 16, is an elastic cylinder with an internal cavity having an annular
opening inside so that it is like a tube with its two ends folded inwards
but not quite meeting; i, i, are the ends of two pipes to be joined.
The pressure of the fluid contained in the pipes acting within the
cavity of h tightens it against the pipes and against the sides of the
casing in which is held. In some cases where the pressure of the fluid
is moderate the casing may be simply a piece of tube, as k in Fig. 16.
To sustain greater pressures the casing is made with ends as in Fig. 14,
the elastic cylinder being sprung in before the pipes i, i, are inserted.
Or the casing 7 may have either or both of its ends made to screw in or
to be otherwise fixed to as indicated at m in Fig. 15. When the
pressure outside the pipes i, i, exceeds that within them the joint
may
be made as represented in Fig. 17 where n is an elastic cylinder without
an internal cavity placed within a casing o. The cylinder n is made
either with a collar or with greater thickness in the middle, and the
casing o is made with a corresponding hollow to prevent them from
shifting longitudinally.

page_text: Figs. 18, 19, and 20 represent various kinds of flange joints constructed
according to our Invention. In Fig. 18 the flanges are on the pipes i, i,
themselves; between them is placed an elastic ring p. hollowed in the
middle so as to present. two flanged edges, and the whole is: secured
within a casing 9 by annular nuts screwed into it. In Fig. 19 the
flanges, r, are bolted to a middle piece s with the elastic ring p
between them. In Fig. 20 the flangest, t, are formed with recesses for.
the reception of the elastic ring..
Having thus described the nature of our Invention, and in what
manner it is to be performed, we would have it understood that we do
not confine ourselves to the precise details or proportions represented on-
the Drawings.
In witness whereof, we, the said George Dominicus Kittoc and Peter
Brotherhood, have hereunto set our hands and seals, this Second
day of July, in the year of our Lord. One thousand eight hundred
and seventy..
Witness,
W. H. CULLEN, Jnr.
GEO. D. KITTOE.
(L.S.).
PETER BROTHERHOOD.. (L.S.)-