IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF YARNS, SUCH YARNS • BEING COMPOSED OF WOOLLEN, COTTON, FLAX, SILK, OR OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES OR COMBINATIONS OF THE SAME.
Year: 1878

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Clapham, of Leeds, in the County of York, for the
Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF YARNS, SUCH YARNS
•
BEING COMPOSED OF WOOLLEN, COTTON, FLAX, SILK, OR OTHER FIBROUS
SUBSTANCES OR COMBINATIONS OF THE SAME.'
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Clapham at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 14th May 1878.
JOHN CLAPHAM, of Leeds, in the County of York.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
CONSTRUCTION OF YARNS, SUCH YARNS BEING COMPOSED OF WOOLLEN, COTTON,
FLAX, SILK, OR OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES OR COMBINATIONS OF THE SAME."
"
The object of our Invention is to produce a cheaper yarn of which woven
materials may be made much thicker and at a less price, such Invention being
applicable for shawls and other woven materials, and especially where a diversity
or variety of colours are required, and is as hereafter described.
The interior or inner part of the yarn is composed of untwisted or twisted thread
which may be of an inferior or superior quality, and in order to strengthen this
interior thread for weaving purposes, and also for producing the required diversity
or variety of colour, I provide any required number of cross twists of yarn or
thread round the exterior of the inner thread, or threads of any suitable colour or
colours.
It is not generally found necessary to have the internal thread or threads entirely
enveloped within the cross twisted external threads, but only partially so, and when
required so many external threads may be applied that after being woven into cloth
or other, material, and afterwards passed through the various stages of manufacture
none of the internal thread or threads are perceptible.
The interior thread or threads may be considerably, coarser than the external

page_text: "
thread or threads, and composed of "mungo or other inferior material, and the
external thread may be composed of finer or more valuable material, or vice versa.
Yarns constructed of this material may be also applied for producing "fancy" lists
on woven material.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said John Clapham in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 14th November
1878.
JOHN CLAPHAM, of Leeds, in the County of York. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
CONSTRUCTION OF YARNS, SUCH YARNS BEING COMPOSED OF WOOLLEN, COTTON,
FLAX, SILK, OR OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES OR COMBINAIONS OF THE SAME."
The object of my Invention is to produce a cheaper yarn of which woven
materials may be made much thicker and at a less price, such Invention boing
applicable for shawls and other woven materials, and especially where a diversity
or variety of colors are required, and is as hereafter described.
The interior or inner part of the yarn is composed of untwisted or twisted thread,
which may be of an inferior or superior quality, and in order to strengthen this
interior thread for weaving purposes, and also for producing the required diversity
or variety of color I provide any required number of cross twists of yarn or
thread round the exterior of the inner thread or threads of any suitable color or
colors.
It is not generally found necessary to have the internal thread or threads
entirely enveloped within the cross twisted external threads, but only partially so,
and when required so many external threads may be applied that after being woven
into cloth or other material, and afterwards passed through the various stages of
manufacture, none of the internal thread or threads are perceptible.
"
The interior thread or threads may be considerably coarser than the external
thread or threads, and composed of "mungo or other inferior material, and the
external thread may be composed of finer or more valuable material, or vice versa.
Yarn constructed of this material may be also applied for producing "fancy" lists
on woven material.
And in order that my Invention may be more completely understood reference is
given to the accompanying Drawing, and to the letters and marks thereon.
The representation is an enlarged elevation, shewing construction of yarn made in
accordance with my Invention.
⚫a is the central thread or threads, and b and c cross twists of the twisted threads
round the exterior. I wish it to be understood what I mean by an untwisted thread
is an unspun thread, and what I mean by a twisted thread is a spun thread.
It will be readily understood that any required number of threads may be applied to
the exterior, so that I do not confine myself to the threads b and c, and although I have

page_text: stated that a central twisted or spun thread may be used I prefer to use an unspun
thread direct from the condenser, which is much cheaper, neither do I claim any
novelty in an internal (twisted) spun thread; but what I claim and desire to be
secured to me by Letters Patent is, the arrangement and construction of yarn having
an unspun thread or threads in its centre, and on its exterior any required number
of cross twists of twisted yarn coiled round in opposite directions, substantially as
and for purposes herein set forth.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Clapham, have hereunto set my hand and
seal, this Sixth day of November, in the year of our Lord One thousand
eight hundred and seventy-eight.