IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR OBTAINING AND A DRIVING Monroe PoED DE SERANO OF CON A AVED AWARDLY MOTIVE POWER BY MEANS OF COMPRESSED AIR AND OTHER FLUIDS
Year: 1854

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Arthur Parsey, of No. 3, Crescent Place, Burton
Crescent, in the Parish of St. Pancras, in the County of Middlesex,
for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR OBTAINING AND
A DRIVING Monroe PoED DE SERANO OF CON A
AVED AWARD"
Sealed the 7th April 1854, and dated the 18th January 1854.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Arthur Parsey at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 18th
January 1854.
I, ARTHUR PARSEY, of No. 3, Crescent Place, Burton Crescent, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR
OBTAINING AND APPLYING MOTIVE POWER BY MEANS OF COMPRESSED AIR AND OTHER
FLUIDS" to be as follows:-
A, a pump or series of pumps with valved hollow piston a, and hollow piston
rod b, perforated within the piston; and at the top of the rod c, above the
length of the stroke, forming an inlet for air or any other fluid. The pump
cylinder outlet valves d, as large or nearly as large as the area of the cylinder.
B, an aerometer pump; the cylinder e sliding over the piston block f, fitted on
standards or framing 9, with inlets and outlets. h and i. When the cylinder c
is forced up by the pump A, or other means, the contents are ejected from it
by the descending weight, &c. k, is an appendage for assisting the injection;
C, a combination of pumps B, raised by hydraulic or other power c; D, a

page_text: driving engine actuated by air or other fluid from the pumps or other receptacle
of power. E, cylinder with pipe coiled about it for the purpose of applying
heat to it, or other convenient way; F, a locomotive, with pumps and regulating
apparatus applied to it worked by the propulsion and momentum of the
engine carriage or carriages.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Arthur Parsey in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 10th
July 1854.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, ARTHUR
PARSEY, of No. 3, Crescent Place, Burton Crescent, in the Parish of Saint
Pancras, in the County of Middlesex, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Thirteenth day of January, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-four, in the seventeenth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said Arthur Parsey, Her special licence that I, the said Arthur Parsey,
my executors, adininistrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Arthur
Parsey, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the
term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY
FOR OBTAINING AND APPLYING MOTIVE POWER BY MEANS OF COMPRESSED AIR AND
OTHER FLUIDS," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Arthur
Parsey, by an instrument in writing under my hand and seal, should par-
ticularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the
Great Scal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately
after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Arthur Parsey, do hereby declare the
nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
.formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement thereof, reference being had to the accompanying Drawings (that is
to say)
My said Invention of "Improvements in Machinery for Obtaining and Ap-
plying Motive Power by means of Compressed Air and other Fluids" consists,

page_text: firstly, of a pump for forcing or compressing or for exhausting air, which may
be made with a double action, as shewn in the Drawings, or with a single
action only.
In Figure 1 of the said Drawings I have shewn a double action pump con--
structed according to this part of my Invention, some of the parts thereof being
shewn separately in Figures 2 and 3. A, A, is a cylinder or pump barrel
with a hollow piston a, a, and hollow piston rod b; the piston with valves c, c,
on the top, and on the bottom, d, d, opening upwards and downwards. The
piston rod is perforated within the piston e and at the end c, clear of the length
of the stroke, forming thereby an inlet or passage for the air or other fluids.
As the piston descends, the valves d, d, will close, and the valves c, c, will open.
and admit the air above the piston. As the piston ascends, the valves c, c, will
close, and the valves d, d, will open, and the contents of the pump will be
expelled at the top and bottom of the cylinder by the passage or passages for
other outlet ports.
A similar adjustment may be måde at the bottom of the pump A, as that. :
shewn at the top in Fig. 1, or as illustrated in Fig. 4.
+
When the cylinder is left open at the top, and the contents of the pump are.
only required to issue from the bottom, the piston need only to be valved on
the under side, and the outlet passage or parts may be suitably adjusted to the
purposes of single action pumps.
The metal piston must be accurately fitted into the cylinder; a channel g
cut around the top and bottom, into which is securely fitted a ring packing or
cup of leather, or of any other suitable material, which from the pressure of
any fluid within the cylinder will secure the piston from leakage. h, h, is the
upper valve as large as the cylinder, through which the piston rod slides, with
a spiral spring i coiled around the rod to keep the valve seated, which is sur-
mounted with the cover, and a stuffing box or cap k with a cup leather or any
other suitable packing.
Fig. 2 is a plan of the piston a, shewing the channel g, the valves c, c, and
the section of the piston rod b.
Instead of constructing the top and bottom similarly, as above described.
and shewn, on the top of the cylinder A, Fig. 1, the cylinder B may be con-
nected, and the valve 1 form the bottom of cylinder A, and a series of cylinders:
or barrels A, B, C, with similar valve fittings may be graduated propor-
tionably or otherwise, for the purpose of obtaining and applying compressed
air or any other elastic fluid at a high density.
Figure 3 is a plan or transverse section of the valve l, shewing the guide gland
m, with hollows or curves m, m, m, and the fillets n, n, n, which fit the cylinder B.

page_text: The guide rod o, with a spiral spring p coiled round it to keep it seated, the rod
working through a central hole in the fixed guide piece q, q, made of a similar
form to the guide gland m, n, and fitting the cylinder B, similar letters of
reference denoting the everal parts of the valve. Each succeeding valve of a
series of cylinders of the same size or graduated may be adopted in this or a
similar manner to effect the same purpose.
My said Invention consists, secondly, of an apparatus which I call an
aerometer or moveable reservoir for receiving and storing air or water, pumped
or forced into it by means of my pump already described, or any other adequate
means, and for again giving out the same under pressure or with force when
required.
In Figure 4 I have shewn an aerometer constructed according to this part of my
Invention, and worked by means of my pump, already described. In this Figure
a, a, a, is a cylinder, closed at one end and turned mouth downwards over the
block or piston b, which is fixed on legs, standards, or framing c, c; a channel
or groove g, is cut around the edge of the piston b, and is fitted with a cup or
packing, as above described and illustrated in Figure 1. d shews an inlet valve
and pipe, and e shews the outlet passage and pipe for conducting the discharge.
On the cylinder a, a, a, being raised or forced up by any means it will fill with
air, water, or other fluid. On attaining its elevation, by closing the inlet or
injection pipe d, or disengaging it from the lifting tackle, it's weight will cause
it to descend, and force its contents through the conducting pipe e. h, in Figure
4, is a small cylinder, which may be fitted on to the injection pipe d, to assist the
injection of air or elastic fluids and to prevent back pressure. A block i,
slightly doomed, is placed on the bottom, with a deep cup of leather k, or other
flexible material, which may be nearly filled with water, oil, or other liquid,
which form a valve for the elastic fluids to pass around andon ward through
the upper part of the pipe d, the pressure of the fluid on the cup valve pre-
venting back leakage.
Instead of forcing air or water into the moveable reservoir a, a, a, by means
of a pump or pumps, the reservoir may be charged by drawing it up, opening a
valve or valves to permit the air or water to be drawn or forced up into the
reservoir by the pressure of the atmosphere. When charged, the inlet valve or
valves being closed, and the power applied for elevating the reservoir discon-
nected therefrom, the reservoir will be left free to descend, and by it's weight
(with or without the aid of any additional weight placed thereon) force out the
air or water contained in it whenever it's outlet valve shall be opened for that
purpose.
. Instead of using only one such reservoir several may be in use.

page_text: In Figures 5 and 6 I have shown a combination of six of such reservoirs,
each supported on legs or other suitable frame work.
In the centre is placed a hydraulic lift d, with a framing 6 fixed on to the
head of the ram d', and bolted on to the top of each of the cylinders a, a.
When the water is forced in under the ram by hand, horse, or other motive
power, the ram with the six-cylinders a and connecting framing b will be raised
together, causing a space or vacuum which will be filled by air, water, or any
other fluid passing through the inlet pipe or pipes as the cylinders or reservoirs
are elevated.
. On the water being withdrawn from under the ram, and the discharge pipe.
or pipes opened, the whole weight of the capacious head work, ram, and
cylinders will cause their descent, and discharge the contents for various purposes
to which they may be applied...
From the well known character and construction of hydraulic machinery no
further description need be given of that means of lifting. The reservoirs may
be raised by hand labor, cranes, or any other means suitable to the size,
number, weight, and purpose required.
"
Figure 6 is a plan or transverse section of Figure 5, shewing the reservoirs
a, framing b, ram d', &c., similar letters of reference to each part being given.
In Figure 4, Y is a cylinder and apparatus attached to the reservoir for
regulating the working pressure of the compressed air or other elastic fluids
contained in it, and for which (with other things) I obtained Her Majesty's
Letters Patent, on the Seventeenth October, One thousand eight hundred and
forty-four. I therefore do not make any claim for the same as being com-
prised in my Letters Patent first above mentioned. Z, Z, Figure 4, is a
section of a piston engine actuated by the regulated pressure of compressed air
from the interposed regulator, and which is introduced in the Figure only for
the purpose of illustrating the action of the apparatus, and is not claimed as
any part of this Invention.
Figure 8 shews the application of air pumps to a compressed air locomotive
engine; a, a, is a reservoir to be charged with compressed air to a high density
or pressure; Y is the regulator of the working pressure; and c is the driving
engines actuated by the regulated pressure.
To economize the store of power in the reservoir a, pumps 6 are attached to
the working machinery, or to crank or eccentrics on the axletrees or otherwise,
for obtaining and applying an auxiliary supply of compressed air to the regu-
lating cylinder Y, so that the draught on the magazine or reservoir a, a, may
be economized. And the pumps are intended to be worked by means of the
motion or momentum of the locomotive whilst it is descending an inclined plane,

page_text: or when it may be necessary to stop the engine, so that the power necessary to
retard or stop the motion of the engine or train with which it is connected may
be applied in pumping air into the regulator Y, or a spare reservoir X, shown
by way of example in Figure 4. The pumps may be. furnished with bow off
cocks or other means so as to be capable of being thrown virtually out of action
when not required for the purpose above mentioned.
The pumps may be placed in connexion with the machinery of the engine,
or they may be placed on tenders or carriages trailed by the engine.
Figure 9 is a plan of Figure 8, shewing the pumps b, and regulator Y, con-
nected with cranks on the axle, the driving machinery and other gearing of
a locomotive engine being too well known to need further description.
The third part of my Invention consists of a mode of heating the working
cylinder of an air engine, as shewn in Figure 7 of the said Drawings. This is
effected by means of a coil of pipe, z, surrounding the cylinder shewn in the
Drawing, and a current of hot air or water sent through the pipe, so as to keep
the cylinder hot for the purpose of increasing the expansive action of the air.
admitted into it during the working of the engine. The temperature will be
kept up more effectually if the coil of pipe be surrounded by an external jacket
or covering.
Having now described the nature of my said Invention and the manner of
performing the same, I declare that (except as herein-after mentioned) I do
not claim any of the elements or parts of which each portion of my Invention
is composed, separate or apart from the combination thereof in the formation
of such portion of my Invention in manner above described; but that I claim
as of my Invention,―
First, the combination of a hollow piston rod with a hollow piston, having a
valve or valves opening upwards, as well as a valve or valves opening down-
wards, for the purpose of admitting air both above and below the piston of
air pump, as herein-before described.
Secondly, the construction of end valves of an air pump so as to cover
the whole of the end of the cylinders, to which they are applied, as shewn
at h and 1, Figure 1.
Thirdly, the construction of an air pump, with a series of cylinders pro-
gressively diminishing in capacity, as shewn in Figure 1, or as above described.
Fourthly, the mode of constructing an aerometer of a moveable weighted
reservoir for receiving air or water to be pressed or forced into it, and for
again giving out the same under pressure or with force, as herein-before
described.
Fifthly, the mode of economizing power by applying the momentum of an

page_text: air locomotive engine or train connected therewith when descending an inclined
plane, or being retarded or stopped for the purpose of pumping air into a
regulator or reservoir, as above described.
Sixthly, the mode of constructing the valve which I call a cup valve, as shewn
at h, Figure 4.
Seventhly, the mode of heating the working cylinder of an air engine by
means of a coil of pipe and hot air or other fluid, as above described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Arthur Parsey, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Tenth day of July, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and fifty-four.
ARTHUR PARSEY. (L.S.)