matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR ECONOMISING STEAM FOR DRYING YARNS AND FABRICS
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Henry Kenyon, William
Taylor, and James Kenyon at the Office of the Commissioners
of Patents, with their Petition, on the 10th February 1873.
We, JOHN HENRY KENYON, of Blackburn, in the County of Lancaster,
WILLIAM TAYLOR, of Oldham, in the same County, and JAMES KENYON,
of Blackburn aforesaid, Cotton Spinners, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR ECONOMISING
STEAM FOR DRYING YARNS AND FABRICS," to be as follows:-
-
Our Invention consists in drying yarns and fabrics by means of a coil
or coils of pipes, both ends of which are in direct communication with
the steam boiler, whereby the water of condensation and the steam after
heating the pipes are returned to the boiler, or the return end of the
pipe may be connected to a steam trap of the ordinary construction.
Our Invention is particularly applicable for drying yarn after it has
been sized in the ordinary machines for sizing and dressing, the yarn

page_text: being taken around cages or cylinders, within which the coils of pipes are
placed, and fans may be applied within the coils to distribute the heat;
our Invention is also applicable for drying fabrics as well as yarns. By
means of these improvements yarns and fabrics are dried more uniformly
and with less steam than heretofore.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF FIREPROOF BUILDINGS
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Whichcord at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 16th
September 1873.
I, JOHN WHICHCORD, of Queen Victoria Street, in the City of London,
Architect, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF FIREPROOF BUILDINGS," to be as
follows:-
My Invention relates to improvements in constructing fireproof floors
and ceilings or roofs, and consists in a novel mode of protecting the
girders or joists which are employed in fireproof buildings to supports the
arches of which the floor, roof, or ceiling is composed. It is the lower
flange or surface of the girder or joist which is usually exposed to the
action of fire when one occurs, and attempts have been made to protect
these parts by covering them with plaster, but as there is no key to
support this plaster covering it is very liable to become detached when
subjected to heat as in the case of a fire occuring in the apartment.
In order effectually to protect the girders and prevent the protecting
material from becoming detached therefrom, I form the skew backs
which take the thrust of the arches of fire-bricks or blocks of fire-clay

page_text: moulded to the required form, so as to be suspended from the flange of
the girder and made to enclose the same and cover up its under side.
Instead of fire-clay terra cotta or other refractory material moulded
into the required form may be used..
As a modification of the above moulded blocks may be suspended from 5
each side of the lower flange of the girder, and fire-clay or terra cotta
tiles may be slidden into grooves formed in the sides of the blocks so as
to cover up the under side of the girders, and protect them from the
action of the flame in cases of fire.
Im- PROVED APPARATUS FOR ECONOMISING FUEL FOR DOMESTIC OR OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Starkie at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 18th
February 1873..
'I, JAMES STARKIE, of Preston, in the County of Lancaster, Wire
Worker, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "Im-
PROVED APPARATUS FOR ECONOMISING FUEL FOR DOMESTIC OR OTHER PURPOSES," to
be as follows:-
My Invention consists of a movable fire-grate back corrugated or
otherwise, having at the top a return flange to rest against the ordinary
fire-back, thereby leaving an air space between the two. The front of
such plate I perforate with holes to admit the air to pass freely into the
fire from the chamber behind. On each end at the botton side I provide
claws or studs by which I can regulate my grate back to any angle to
suit the amount of fire required in the grate.
The return flange at the top forms a useful resting plate for domestic
IMPROVEMENTS IN OR APPLICABLE TO CARDING ENGINES
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Henry Mitchell and
Ralph Jordinson at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 21st June 1873.
We, WILLIAM HENRY MITCHELL, Card Maker, and RALPH JORDINSON,
Woollen Merchant, both of Huddersfield, in the County of York, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
OR APPLICABLE TO CARDING ENGINES," to be as follows:-
66
The object of this Invention is to prepare the wool or other fibrous
substance as it comes off the "scribbler," so as to feed the same to the
"carder" in more even or uniform manner, and the improvements
consist of framework on which rollers supporting two endless travelling
aprons side by side to receive the wool or other fibres from the
'scribbler" or first carding engine in two or more separate sheets or
films, and by a traverse motion of one part of the said aprons deliver the
material to another endless travelling apron which winds the same upon
bobbins, which are thence removed to an "intermediate" machine or
apparatus for feeding the "carder;" the said "intermediate" machine
or apparatus comprises a series of rollers having endless aprons thereon.
The top apron by frictional contact with the material or film on the

page_text: bobbin which is received by and works in supports intermediately over
and upon this apron causing the bobbin to revolve and give off the
material, which is thence guided by another endless apron to the
creeper sheet" and conveyed to the "carder."
A traversing or "to-and-fro motion is imparted to the rollers and
endless aprons so as to deposit the film upon the creeper sheet in
layers or laps in such manner that the thick side or inside portion of the
film will be deposited intermediately over or upon the opposite or thin
side of the film, and so the material will be evenly fed to the "carder."
The second bobbin on being applied to the "intermediate" above
described will be deposited with the thick portion of the film thereon in
the same position in the supports, but the motion of the contact apron
will be reversed in order that the material may be wound therefrom the
more readily, and that such material may be deposited on the "creeper
uniformly with that from the first or preceding bobbin, which is
best secured by the films being drawn from the bobbin in opposite
directions.
"
The reversing the motion of the endless sheets may be accomplished
by pulleys and cord and a tension pulley, or by means of reversing gear.
The traverse or to-and-fro" motion of the endless sheets and film is
effected by strap, rack, or chain motion being imparted to the said
endless sheets and rollers by means of a shaft and gear placed parallel
with the end of these rollers.
Im- PROVEMENTS IN SEWING MACHINES
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Benjamin Hitchman
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 5th September 1873.
I, THOMAS BENJAMIN HITCHMAN, of Soho, in the County of Warwick,
Machinist, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "Im-
PROVEMENTS IN SEWING MACHINES," to be as follows, that is to say :—
My improvements are applicable to sewing machines of various
descriptions, but are more especially adapted for hand sewing machines,
and the object of the Invention is twofold, to reduce and simplify the
number of mechanical parts employed, and to produce a silent motion
of such parts in working the machine.
The improvements consist, firstly, in the employment of a loose
needle arm, having a vertical slide at the back, working in V or other
shaped grooves in a vertical standard forming part of the casting or
foot of the machine; the vertical slide and needle arm are actuated by
an eccentric upon the main shaft, the eccentric being held within a
ring link having an extended arm secured to the vertical slide, which
will thus move up and down in the grooved standard, and with it the
needle arm carrying the needle in a rectangular line; the vertical

page_text: slide is suitably cut out to clear the shaft or pin of the driving whcol;
such shaft or pin is attached to the grooved standard, and is secured
thereto by a screw nut at the back; and as a provision against the
slackening of the driving band I form a slot in the grooved standard
for the driving wheel shaft or pin to pass through, so that it may be reset {
in such slot at any time to suit the tension of the band.
The loose needle arm described also carries and supports the presser
bar, which passes through two brackets on the needle arm.
My Invention further relates to improvements in the shuttle motion.
I form a cam on the main shaft held within a box having flanged sides, 1
the cam moving the box to and fro in the arc of a circle; the bottom
of the box is attached to a centre or pin secured below the main shaft,
and a quadrant is cut in the box to work over the main shaft; the upper
part of the box carries a stud and roller, and the roller is fitted into a
slot in the side of the shuttle carriage to impart motion to the shuttle, 1
which traverses on an ordinary horizontal bar.
The improvements also refer to the feed motion of the machine.
For the purpose of adjusting the length of stitch required, and to
prevent the usual rattling of the parts, I insert an adjustable scrow
passing through lugs under the feed slide; this screw can be regulated 2
at will, and has a constant bearing upon the stitch cam.
I also use with the feed slide a suitable helical spring, placed in a
diagonal position for keeping the feed slide down and upon the feed-
cam.
In order to make the machine more complete I attach to a 2
convenient part thereof a needle sharponer or hone, made of emery or
other suitable material, and of any desired shape.
AN IMPROVE- MENT IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ROLLERS FOR AGRICULTURAL AND OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Marsland at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
18th February 1873.
I, EDWARD MARSLAND, of Baguley, in the County of Chester, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVE-
MENT IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ROLLERS FOR AGRICULTURAL AND OTHER PURPOSES,"
to be as follows:-
My Invention applies to the manufacture of rollers such as are used
for rolling land for agricultural purposes, and is also equally applicable
to garden rollers and to rollers used for road making and other similar.
uses.
Hitherto the cylinders of such rollers have been made either of cast
iron which is very liable to break, or they have been made of plate iron
bent round into the form of a cylinder and rivetted together, cither by
forming a "lap joint" or by making a “butt joint" and rivetting a "fish
plate" inside the cylinder. The defect in these wrought-iron cylinders

page_text: has been that the rivet heads become worn off by use and the joint
becomes loose.
My Invention consists in making the cylinders of such rollers in one
solid piece of wrought iron without a joint, either by bending a plate of
suitable size into a cylinder, and welding the edges together into a
solid mass, or by rolling the cylinder at once in a single piece in a
manner similar to that practiced in making railway tires.
Rollers made in this manner with solid cylinders of wrought iron
without a joint will be found to be very much more durable than those
constructed in the usual manner.
The ends and other parts may be fitted to these wrought-iron cylinders
in any convenient way.
IMPROVEMENTS IN HYDRAULIC HOISTS
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Bayzand Ellington at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 19th February 1873.
I, EDWARD BAYZAND ELLINGTON, of the City of Chester, Engineer,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
HYDRAULIC HOISTS," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to the arrangement of hydraulic cylinders with
their rams, pullies, and chains applied to the hoisting of goods in such a
manner as to constitute a simple, compact, and accessible apparatus with
facility for working by single or double purchase, according as the load
to be lifted is of less or greater weight. For this purpose I place two
hydraulic cylinders side by side, and connect them both to the pump
accumulator or other reservoir of fluid under pressure, and also to the
receptacle for discharged fluid by a four-way cock or slide, so that while
the one cylinder receives a supply of the fluid under pressure the other
discharges, and thus the ram of the one is forced outwards while the
other ram is relieved of pressure and can be pushed back into the
cvlinder.

page_text: On the end of each ram is mounted a pulley, and also there is a guide
pulley mounted on the bottom end of each of the two cylinders, and
between the two cylinders is mounted a shaft having fixed on it a small
and a large pulley.
A chain or rope is passed partly round the larger pulley last named,
and each end of it is carried over suitable guide pullies to the place
where the load has to be lifted, so that the load can be attached to either
end of the said chain or rope.
An endless chain is passed partly round the smaller pulley on the
shaft, and carried thence round the two pullies on the rams, and the two
pullies on the bottom ends of the cylinders. This endless chain can be
secured by inserting a stop pin at the end of either of the two rams or
at the end of either of the two cylinders.
When the stop pin is inserted at the end of one of the rams the appa-
ratus is in condition to act by double purchase as follows:-This ram
being forced outwards by the fluid pressure carries with it the two portions
of chain which extend from its pulley. The one portion turns the smaller
pulley on the shaft with its full power and thereby moves the larger
pulley on the shaft, the chain or rope of which lifts a heavy load, at the
same time the other portion of the chain extending backwards from the
ram moving outwards and passing round the guide pullies at the ends of
the cylinders, and also round the pulley at the end of the other ram hauls
in that ram, which as already described is then relieved of pressure. By
inserting the stop pin in the chain at one of the cylinders the apparatus
is made to work at single purchase as follows:-The one ram being forced
out by the fluid pressure draws the chain over double the length of its
stroke with half its power, and acting thus on the smaller pulley on the
shaft moves the larger pulley, the chain or rope of which lifts the light
load: At the same time the chain draws in the other ram which is then
relieved of pressure.
A NEW METHOD OF MAKING PAPER
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel Howarth, Ralph
Howarth, and George Howarth at the Office of the Commissioners
of Patents, with their Petition, on the 20th November 1873.
We, SAMUEL HOWARTH, RALPH HOWARTH, and GEORGE HOWARTH,
all of Rochdale, in the County of Lancaster, Corn Millers, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "A NEW METHOD OF MAKING
PAPER," to be as follows:-
:-
Our Invention consists in applying to the manufacture of paper the
husks of oats, barley, rye, and other grain. For this purpose the said
husks are ground and reduced to pulp, either alone or in combination
with other materials, such as straw or rags in small proportions, in order
to vary the kinds of paper intended to be produced.
The manufacture of paper from the said husks is the same as usual
with reference to the remaining parts of the process.
AN IMPROVED RESERVOIR PENHOLDER
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Henry Gold at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
2nd April 1873.
I, WILLIAM HENRY GOLD, of No. 44, Knowle Road, Brixton, in
the County of Surrey, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "AN IMPROVED RESERVOIR PENHOLDER," to be as follows:-
Above the pen I place a piece of metal (herein-after called the
"reservoir,") of a somewhat similar shape, but of a more concave
form than the pen, which reservoir is pointed at one end like a pen,
gradually rising in the centre of its length, and inclining towards
the other end which is shaped similarly to the butt end of a pen,
and made to fit into a receptacle formed on the top of the barrel of
the penholder to receive it. This reservoir is so made that when
attached to a penholder, with pen fitted therein, the point of it is at
the distance of about 1th or 18th of an inch from the point of the pen,
and there is a clear space between the nib of the pen and the reservoir
so that when dipped into the ink the reservoir becomes filled and retains
the ink by capillary attraction. The slight pressure for the down strokes
in the action of writing will cause the pen to come in contact with the
reservoir, and by this means the ink will feed the point of the pen.
IMPROVEMENTS IN 'ENVELOPES' OR 'HAIRS' USED IN EXTRACTING OIL FROM OLEAGINOUS SEEDS AND OILCAKE MAKING
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Cyrus Eskrett and Henry Scarle
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition,
on the 17th April 1873.
We, CYRUS ESKRETT and HENRY SEARLE, both of Kingston-upon-
Hull, in the County of York, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN 'ENVELOPES' OR 'HAIRS' USED IN EXTRACTING
OIL FROM OLEAGINOUS SEEDS AND OILCAKE MAKING," to be as follows:-
Our Invention consists in constructing "envelopes" or "hairs" above-
mentioned of pieces or ribs of paper millboard, or equivalent paper fabric,
fitted together so as to form a corrugated surface similar to the face of
the "envelopes "or" hairs" now in general use for seed crushing. We put
as many such pieces or ribs together as may be required to make up a
proper length for the size of the cake wanted. We could, however, use
the paper millboard in a different form if requisite. The paper millboard
ribs are about, say, one and a quarter inch square, and vary in length
according to the size required, there are iron bolts going through the

page_text: whole length of the wrapper or envelope on each half, and these are
fastened together with a leather coupling, and generally we adopt similar
arrangements to those patented by us No. 2706, A.D. 1869.
A NEW SPRING CLOSING JOINT APPLICABLE TO CERTAIN ARTICLES OF JEWELLERY AND OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Phineas Harris Levi at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
31st May 1873.
I, PHINEAS HARRIS LEVI, of the Firm of Levi and Salaman, Manu-
facturing Jewellers, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, do
hereby declare the nature of my said Invention for "A NEW SPRING
CLOSING JOINT APPLICABLE TO CERTAIN ARTICLES OF JEWELLERY AND OTHER
PURPOSES," to be as follows (that is to say) :-
I will describe my Invention as applied in the construction of a scarf
ring or holder, and consists in forming a hollow oval ring of two parts
united by a hinged joint, and of such a hollow shape transversely as to
permit a tempered spring set in a compressed form, so that when the
said spring is inserted within the hollow part of the oval ring the force
of the spring will be exerted in holding the parts in an engaged position,
and yet permitting the parts to be so expanded that the scarf, necktie, or
other parts of dress may be enclosed within it, and so engaged and held
by the force of the spring. If additional security be desired the same
may be effected in a suitable way according to the purpose for which

page_text: such kind of engaging jewellery may be required by applying a detent
or fastening at the opposite side of oval or other formed ring to the
hinged joint before described, and this description will apply to bracelets
or other such or like articles of dress or jewellery required to hold or
engage with other articles or parts of dress.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CAPS OR BONNETS, AND IN THE MEANS EMPLOYED THEREFOR
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Mackie at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 23rd April
1873.
I, ROBERT MACKIE, of Stewarton, in the County of Ayr, North
Britain, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention of "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CAPS OR BONNETS, AND IN THE MEANS EMPLOYED
THEREFOR," to be as follows, that is to say :-
rr
walking"
This Invention which relates to improvements in the manufacture of
caps or bonnets, has for its object to cconomise the cost of producing the
same; it consists in laying the edges of the cloth which are to be joined
together flush with each other, and in sewing them together by cross
stitching, this may be effected cither by means of a
"needle
which travels alternately from side to side of the scam transversely with
the direction of the seam, or the table on which the cloth to be sewn is
carried may be made to vibrate under the needle. In either case the
"walking" needle or vibrating table are operated by a crank, eccentric,
or cam carried upon or operated by the driving shaft of the sewing
machine. After the seam is formed its appearance in the cap is hidden
by the usual dressing-operations.
IMPARTING BRILLIANCY TO RELIEF STAMPING OR PRINTING
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard William Edwards at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 8th March 1878.
I, RICHARD WILLIAM EDWARDS, residing and living at 15, Man-
chester Street, Gray's Inn Rd., in the Parish of St. Pancras, London,
in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for “IMPARTING BRILLIANCY TO RELIEF STAMPING OR PRINTING,”
to be as follows:-
This Patent relates to the process of beautifying that class of
ornaments or devices which are produced by the art of relief stamping
or printing upon noto papers, envelopes, cards, or other stationary, and
consisting chiefly of crests, monograms, and addresses.
When such note paper, envelopes, cards, or other stationary has been
embossed by the art of relief stamping or printing in colours, gold,
silver, or bronzo, a powdered manufacture of glass, known as frost, is
then applied to the embossed surface, and some particles of which
adhering to such ambossing produces a most brilliant effect.
Such process to be known as luminous relief stamping.
AN IMPROVED DAVY'S SAFETY LAMP
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Jones at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 7th
February 1873.
I, RICHARD JONES, of Tower Hamlets Road, Stratford, in the
County of Essex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "AN IMPROVED DAVY'S SAFETY LAMP," to be as follows (that is
to say):-
The object of my Invention is to improve the safety lamp with the
view to prevent coal miners and others whilst using the same in the pits
from obtaining a light therefrom, on account of its being extinguished
when removed from the gauze portion of the lamp, whereby all danger
of explosion from the actual exposure of the unprotected flame to the
inflammable gases in the pit as at present is avoided, and consists in
attaching to the burner plate a hinged extinguisher so as to admit of
being pressed over upon the square wick by means of a fixed cam or
projecting stud on the screw thimble whilst unscrewing the same with
the oil cup from the gauze head, a hook being also provided on the

page_text: thimble to hold the extinguisher in an upright position during the
burning of the light, together with a small spring catch on the lower
portion of the screw head for taking into a recess in the thimble and
carrying it around with the oil cup whilst unfastening the same for the
purpose of replenishing the lamp in the ordinary manner.
AN IMPROVED METHOD OF MANUFACTURING FRILLINGS FOR TRIMMING PURPOSES
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Unsworth at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 17th
October 1873.
I, JAMES UNSWORTH, of Macclesfield, in the County of Chester,
Manufacturer of Silk and Mixed Goods, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED METHOD OF MANUFACTURING FRILLINGS
FOR TRIMMING PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in the introduction of elastic india-rubber
threads into plain, tabby, twill, gauze, or net figured silks, or union of
silk with cotton or other textile fabrics for the purpose of producing a
frilling in the fabric.
I propose to prepare the elastic rubber threads with steatite, which
enables the elastic rubber to work in friction with the silk warp; cach
strand or thread of rubber is bound with the weft and warp silk threads,
which wraps round the elastic threads by a process called throttcling or
tabby dupeing. When the cloth is taken from the loom the effect pro-
duced is an ornamented elastic frill, flute, or plaited effect suited for
general trimming purposes and ladies' w ca
Manu- FACTURING BISCUITS FROM OATS
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Walker at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 27th
December 1873.
I, JOHN WALKER, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North
Britain, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention of "Manu-
FACTURING BISCUITS FROM OATS," to be as follows, that is to say :-
This Invention relates to the manufacture of biscuits from oats.
Hitherto the manufacture of biscuits from oatmeal has failed on account
of the difficulty of causing the coarser portions of the oatmeal to adhere.
Under the present Invention the oats are first passed through bruising
stones for the purpose of breaking up the husk or coarser shell of the
oats, which is then blown off by fans leaving the groat or kernel of the
oats unbroken. The groat or kernel is then passed through millstones
and ground to fine flour, which is free from all coarse and non-adhering
portions. The flour so produced is moistened and mixed with the other
materials ordinarily employed for conversion into biscuits.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINES USED FOR WINDING TEXTILE OR FIBROUS YARNS OR THREADS ON TO BOBBINS OR SPOOLS
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Whalley at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 3rd
June 1873.
I, EDWARD WHALLEY, of the City of Manchester, in the County of
Lancaster, Machinist, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINES USED FOR WINDING TEXTILE OR FIBROUS YARNS
OR THREADS ON TO BOBBINS OR SPOOLS," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to machinery used for winding two or more yarns
or threads on bobbins or spools, and consists in improved mechanical
arrangements and movements for stopping any of the bobbins when an
end breaks. Each yarn to be wound on its corresponding bobbin is
drawn from a cop bobbin or spool and passes through an eye at the end
of one arm of a stop lever having the end of its other arm formed as a
hook or catch, each stop lever working on a stationary pin fixed to a
double horizontal lever. Near the hooks or catches of the stop levers
there is a revolving ratchet wheel, and at the back of the double
horizontal lever there is a balanced lever having a hook in contact with
the double lever and a support in contact with an arm of a compound
double acting lever; other arms of which carry the bobbin having at

page_text: each end a plain wheel or disc which when there is no breakage or
absence of yarn or thread are in contact with the ordinary plain wheels
or discs which give revolving motion to the bobbins.
The doubled yarns or threads pass from the eyes to the bobbins
through traversing guides fixed to a traversing bar extending the entire
length of the machine, each guide being made as a pillar having in it a
long vertical slot in a skew or angular position for keeping the yarns or
threads together at the end of each traverse.
Each yarn or thread when entire exerts a certain tension or pressure
on the eye of the stop lever through which it passes, and prevents the
hook at the other end of the lever from being caught by the revolving
ratchet wheel, but the instant a yarn or thread breaks, or when the
yarn or thread is absent the hook is caught by the ratchet wheel so as to
give motion to the double horizontal lever which in its turn acts upon
the hook of the balanced lever, and brings back the support to allow one
end of the compound double acting lever to fall by its own gravity and
raise the arms which carry the bobbin and discs, and as the latter are
lifted from the ordinary revolving discs the bobbin ceases to revolve, and
when the yarns or threads are joined to form the end, the compound
double acting lever is placed on its support to allow the discs at the
ends of the bobbin to be in contact with the ordinary revolving discs,
and cause the bobbin to revolve and wind on the ends until another
breakage or absence of yarn or thread takes place.
IMPROVEMENTS IN GAS FURNACES
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Mills at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 15th March
1873.
I, ROBERT MILLS, of Upper Norwood, in the County of Surrey,
Gentlemen, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN GAS FURNACES," to be as follows:-
My Invention has for its object the prevention of accident by
explosion or otherwise when gas is applied to furnaces for heating, and
this I attain by constructing the furnace with a succession of hollow
perforated bars or tubes placed on a revolving bed so that each bar is
presented successively to the mouth of the furnace, where it becomes
charged with gas which is ignited at or immediately before the
admission of the bar to the furnace.
New OR IMPROVED FUEL
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by The Honorable Robert Flower at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 1st April 1873.
I, The Honorable ROBERT FLOWER, of Durrow, Queen's County,
Ireland, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "A New
OR IMPROVED FUEL," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is the manufacture of a new or improved
fuel chiefly from certain material or materials known as culm, now
chiefly found in Ireland, all as hereafter described.
The Invention is as follows:-
I take plain anthracite culm, such as is found in Ireland, and reduce
it to a powder by sifting, pounding, rolling, or otherwise, when thus
reduced it is damped, tempered, and passed through a powerful press,
afterwards it is placed in a stove to be dried, which is accomplished
in the course of a few hours, the stove is heated by fire heat or other
means.

page_text: The Invention further consists in the employment of culm prepared in
the manner before described, adding thereto of pitch or other binding
material in the proportion of or about 20 part of pitch or of other
suitable binding material in powder and without the application of heat
until the final stoving, when the pitch or other binding material forms
a crust on the outside of the blocks or "briquettes" thereby making
them a dense hard fuel; or culm prepared in the manner first described
is mixed with the slack of bituminous coal in the proportion of or about
¼ of anthracite culm with the addition thereto of some clay or other
binding material, the fuel is then pressed and stoved as before.
IMPROVED MEANS AND APPARATUS FOR PREVENTING FRAUDULENT APPROPRIATION OF MONEY BY PARTY OR PARTIES ENTRUSTED WITH THE TAKING OF FARES OF PASSENGERS ON TRAMWAY CARS OR OTHER CONVEYANCES
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Caldbeck at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 2nd
April 1873.
I, JOHN CALDBECK, of 23, Lennox St., Dublin, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVED MEANS AND APPARATUS FOR
PREVENTING FRAUDULENT APPROPRIATION OF MONEY BY PARTY OR PARTIES
ENTRUSTED WITH THE TAKING OF FARES OF PASSENGERS ON TRAMWAY CARS OR
OTHER CONVEYANCES," to be as follows:-
A circular endless metal band playing horizontally on an upright
metal or wooden post, having on its outer surface three arms which
move horizontally as motion is given to the band; one of the arms is
in two or more joints, so that it is capable of taking a horizontal
position or of banging loosely by the side of the metal or wooden
post. When a person enters the conveyance this jointed arm hangs
by the side of the metal or wooden post. When a passenger wishes to
pass out should he push on without his fare having been paid and
the amount registered the motion imparted to the circular metal band
contracts the jointed arm and brings it into a fixed horizontal position
which prevents exit. When he pays his fare a lever corresponding in

page_text: value with the fare he paid (which is fixed on the top of the metal
or wooden post) is depressed by the person taking the fare, this
movement disengages a tongue & catch holding the jointed arm
in the contracted & horizontal position before-mentioned, & the arm
falls down by the side of the metal or wooden post allowing the
passenger to pass out. The act of depressing the lever at the same time
exposes to the view of the passenger going out the amount he paid
as well as moving a toothed wheel which registers one of that particular
priced fares which the passenger has paid on a graduated dial. As soon
as the metal band & the arms before-mentioned have been pushed
forward a certain distance by the outgoing passenger the tongue &
catch before-mentioned are in a position ready to check the next
passenger going out; one, two, or more of these levers can be used for
representing different fares, the same tongue & catch are acted on by
all the levers, but a different wheelwork and fare exposer are required for
each lever. The upright metal or wooden post is fastened at the bottom
of the conveyance by being run into a slide & fastened with an iron
strap to prevent its being easily displaced.
A NEW OR IMPROVED METHOD OF ESTABLISHING COMMUNICATION BETWEEN A RAILWAY TRAIN AND THE STATIONS OR OTHER PART OF THE LINE OF RAILWAY, AND VICE VERSA, OR BETWEEN ONE TRAIN AND ANOTHER
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Nicholas William Hornstedt at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 26th August 1873.
I, NICHOLAS WILLIAM HORNSTEDT, of Leadenhall Street, in the
City of London, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"A NEW OR IMPROVED METHOD OF ESTABLISHING COMMUNICATION BETWEEN A
RAILWAY TRAIN AND THE STATIONS OR OTHER PART OF THE LINE OF RAILWAY, AND
VICE VERSA, OR BETWEEN ONE TRAIN AND ANOTHER," to be as follows :—
The object of this Invention is to enable the guard or driver of a train
of railway carriages to send a message or signal from the train whilst it
is in motion or at rest, to any station on a line of railway, or to receive a
message or signal from any station on the line or any portion thereof,
whilst the train is in motion or from one train to another.
The means by which I propose to accomplish the above object are as
follows:-Between the two rails or metals of a line of railway or other
convenient part thereof I place and fix two insulated wires, one wire
being connected to the positive pole of an electric battery, and the other
wire to the negative pole thereof. These wires I connect with the
stations on the line of railway.

page_text: Through the flooring of the guard's van for example I pass and guide
two forked shaped pieces of metal capable of being raised and lowered as
presently described. The upper ends of these pieces of metal are
connected together by a metal rod or wire, and the lower and forked end
of each of the aforesaid pieces, carries the axis of a grooved metal wheel,
so arranged as that the groove of each wheel comes on the aforesaid
insulated wires situated between the rails, so that they can roll thereon
and be in contact therewith.
The operations of this arrangement are as follows:-When it is desired
to send a message from a railway train, notwithstanding it may be
travelling at a great speed (an express train for example), the guard by
means of a transmitting instrument connected to the aforesaid fork
shaped pieces of metal proceeds to send any desired message or signal,
which is conveyed by the aforesaid wires on the line to the receiving
instruments at the several stations, or to any one or more stations or
trains, according to the directions in which the electrical current from the
battery is allowed or arranged to pass. It is proposed to place switches
at the stations for the purpose of diverting the electrical current as
desired. In like manner to the foregoing messages or signals may be
transmitted from stations on the line to the guard of a train whilst the
train is in motion, or from one train to another.
The above might be effected by the rails themselves acting as the
communicating wires, and the carriage wheels for causing the contact, in
which case the rails would have to be insulated.
THE MANU- FACTURE OF CHARCOAL, BLACK LEAD, LAMPBLACK, BLACKING MOULDERS, OXYDISING BLACK, BLACK PAINT, AND BLACK JAPAN, FROM COKE AND OTHER RESIDUES FROM THE MANUFACTURE OF GASES USED FOR ILLUMINATING PURPOSES CARBONIZED FROM COKING AND CANNEL COAL, SHALE, BITUMEN, OR ANY OLEAGENOUS SUBSTANCES
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Skoines at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 30th
June 1873.
I, HENRY SKOINES, Gas Engineer, 7, Argyle Street, King's Cross, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "THE MANU-
FACTURE OF CHARCOAL, BLACK LEAD, LAMPBLACK, BLACKING MOULDERS, OXYDISING
BLACK, BLACK PAINT, AND BLACK JAPAN, FROM COKE AND OTHER RESIDUES FROM
THE MANUFACTURE OF GASES USED FOR ILLUMINATING PURPOSES CARBONIZED FROM
COKING AND CANNEL COAL, SHALE, BITUMEN, OR ANY OLEAGENOUS SUBSTANCES," to
be as follows:-
•
This Invention has for its object the utilization of the waste products
arising from the distillation of gas, and consists in the manufacture of
black lead, lampblack, paint, black japan, and oxidising black, from
coke and other residues from the manufacture of gas for illumination or
heating purposes, carbonized from cannel coal, shalc, bitumen, or any
oleagenous substances. The said coke or other residues to be ground in
a mill or otherwise, and to be thoroughly mixed together with wax, oils,
vinegar, ammonia, ammoniacal liquor, or other spirits, as required.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN CARTRIDGES FOR BREECH-LOADING FIRE-ARMS
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Hugh Smith at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 2nd
July 1873.
I, HUGH SMITH, of Bayswater, in the County of Middlesex, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVEMENT
IN CARTRIDGES FOR BREECH-LOADING FIRE-ARMS," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in surrounding the powder in the cartridge
with a good non-conductor of heat, in order to prevent the heat diffusing
itself through the cartridge case and the surrounding metal. By this
means the breech of the gun becomes less heated, and as the impulsive
force of the gas generated at the moment of discharge is proportionate
to the heat of combustion it follows, therefore, that the more the heat
is confined to the charge at the moment of explosion the greater will be
the effect produced by the powder consumed. I therefore line both the
sides and base of the charge chamber of the cartridge with a fibrous
material, such as felt, so to completely enclose the charge and prevent
contact with the cartridge case, a small hole being however left in the
felt lining at the base to allow of the ignition of the charge. This felt
lining may be in addition to or in lieu of the extra thickness of paper
which usually surrounds the charge.
IMPROVEMENTS IN FILTERING SLOP, AND DRAWING OFF THE WATER BY APPARATUS APPLICABLE TO THE ORDINARY SLOP CART
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas George Greenstreet at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
27th October 1873.
I, THOMAS GEORGE GREENSTREET, of 78, Camberwell New Road, in
the County of Surrey, Surveyor, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN FILTERING SLOP, AND DRAWING OFF THE
WATER BY APPARATUS APPLICABLE TO THE ORDINARY SLOP CART," to be as
follows:-
The Invention consists in fitting a moveable perforated iron false
bottom inside the ordinary slop cart at a few inches from the cart
bottom, covering such false bottom with a layer of cinders, ashes, or
other filtering material, and resting thereon a moveable iron tank
(perforated at the sides and bottom) allowing a space of three inches on
each side between it and the main body of the cart, such space being
filled up with the filtering material before mentioned. The watery part
of the slop thrown into the tank (after filtering through the perforated
sides and false bottoms) is by means of a tap or taps drawn off from time
to time into the street gullies.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MATCHES
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Cribb and John
Rackham at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 3rd March 1874.
We, WILLIAM CRIBB, of No. 52, Pembroke Road, Kensington, in
the County of Middlesox, Practical Chemist, and JOHN RACKHAM, of
No. 62, Brunswick Street, Stamford Street, Blackfriars, in the County of
Surrey, Printer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MATCHES," to be as follows :-
Ordinary matches have hitherto been made of wood, besides which
various Patents have been taken out for making them of glass, pipeclay,
stone, steel and iron, scoria and oyster shells combined, and other
materials of a like nature all dipped in the usual known compositions for
igniting by means of friction, whereas our Invention consists in the
using of cardboard, wood, pulp boad, pasteboard, millboard, lined scale-
board, or other thin lined board, stiffened calico or linen, any kind of
paper or board of sufficient thickness or other suitable material, or any
two or more of such materials united, such matches to be of sufficient
width to be printed on, and on which texts of scripture, motto's, or any
other matter shall have been printed either by letter-press, lithography,

page_text: or by any other mode of printing; such matches when properly prepared
to bo dipped in composition or combination of compositions which shall
easily ignite by friction in the same way that it is now applied to make
the ordinary lucifers, congreves, fusees, vesuvians, and other lighting
matches. These matches will burn for a considerable time when com-
pared with ordinary matches, and can be so prepared as to fumigate and
purify sick chambers, so that they may become of vast importance in a
sanitory point of view, which is utterly impossible with any of the
matches now in use or that have hitherto been invented.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PREPARATION OF TURKEY RED FABRICS
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Wallach and James
William Jones at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 16th September 1874.
We, HENRY WALLACH, Oil Manufacturer, Abercorn Oil Works,
Paisley, in the County of Renfrew, and JAMES WILLIAM JONES, Calico
Printer, Dalmonach Works, Alexandria, in the County of Dunbarton,
North Britain, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PREPARATION OF TURKEY RED FABRICS," to be as
follows, that is to say :-
This Invention which relates to improvements in dyeing and printing
Turkey red fabrics has for its object to dispense with the employment of
olive oil altogether, or in a great measure, and by the employment of a
cheaper substitute therefor to diminish the cost of producing such fabrics.
In the process of dyeing fabrics with Turkey red as hitherto practised,
pure olive oil has been used as a basis of operation in preparing the
cloth or fabric to receive the mordant and dye.
Under this Invention instead of so employing olive oil oleic acid or
oleine is used as the basis in manner similar to that under which olive

page_text: oil has been hitherto employed for preparing the fabric to receive the
mordant and dye.
The oleic acid or oleine used under this Invention is derived from
neutral oils or fats (excepting unused olive oil), greases, dyers, or other
oily wastes, by distillation or by saponification with lime or other alkali, 5
and decomposition with an acid, as is already well understood.
A NEW PROCESS OF DECORATING POTTERY AND OTHER FICTILE MANUFACTURES
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Brock at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 4th May
1874.
I, CHARLES BROCK, of Saint Mary Church, in the County of Devon,
Manager of the Watcombe Terra Cotta Clay Company's Works, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "A NEW PROCESS OF
DECORATING POTTERY AND OTHER FICTILE MANUFACTURES," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists of a new process of decorating pottery, and is
applicable to all kinds of earthenware, china, stoneware, parian, terra
cotta, and fictile manufactures generally, including external and internal
architectural work, chimney pieces, plaques for adorning furniture, and
other like goods. The process is applicable both for glazed and unglazed
manufactures.
The process is as follows:--Instead of manipulating directly upon
the article to be ornamented, a vase, ewer, plaque, or chimney piece, for
example, I operate upon plaster moulds, flat or curved, and of any
required shape with "clay," "slip," or "colors," and thus produce any
desired kind of subject, such as flowers, birds, figures, and landscapes,

page_text: which I transfer to the vessel or article to be made, and embed therein
so that the ornament is flush with the surface thereof. I also fix
permanent impressions in color on the face of the moulds by drawing,
painting, and printing, to facilitate and cheapen the production of
ornamental designs without the aid of modelling.
AN APPARATUS FOR CLEANING OR CLEARING THE GRATE BARS OF FURNACES OR OTHER FIRE-PLACES
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Hirschmann at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
19th September 1874.-A communication from abroad by Wilhelm
Philipp, of 25, Türkenstrasse, in the City of Vienna, and Empire of
Austria.
I, JOSEPH HIRSCHMANN, of No. 3, Highbury Park, North, in the
County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "AN APPARATUS FOR CLEANING OR CLEARING THE GRATE BARS OF
FURNACES OR OTHER FIRE-PLACES," to be as follows:―
The Invention relates to apparatus for cleaning or clearing the spaces
between the grate bars of furnaces or other fire-places, and for removing
the clinker therefrom for the purpose of facilitating the free passage of
atmospheric air to the fuel. It consists in arranging a carriage sliding
or rolling on rails below the fire-bars, and carrying a series of blades
corresponding to the spaces between the bars.
These blades are so arranged that they may be raised or lowered at
will, and are so disposed that when raised up their upper ends shall
project through the spaces between the fire-bars to a short distance

page_text: above the latter, and being retained in that position by suitable locking
apparatus, the carriage with the said blades may be drawn backwards
and forwards, by hand or otherwise, the blades clearing the air spaces,
dislodging the clinker, and breaking up the caked coal in contact with
the fire-bars, thus giving free access for the air. When this is done the
blades may be lowered down clear of the fire-bars until it is again
necessary to clear them.
The apparatus should be used more or less frequently, according to the
nature of the fuel employed. By its means the clinkering is effected
without opening the fire-door, and the various evils arising from the ]
cooling action of the large body of cold air which enters when the fire-
door is kept open for a length of time for that purpose, are obviated.