Year: 1894

page_text: Date of Application, 22nd Mar., 1894-Accepted, 16th June, 1894

page_text: carry at their ends the
moving upwards and
Two draw bars c are attached to the movable knife b, and
transverse piece d. To the latter is attached a pot
downwards with the knife and guided in the guiding piece of the fixed hydraulic
cylinder l.
On the upper bottom of the pot i rests a volute spring g which constantly
endeavours to depress by means of a guiding cylinder and a connecting rod e
the short end of a lever K pivotable around the pin K on h. The other, longer
end of the lever k engages with the piston rod m t. In consequence the lever k
joins in the up and down movement of the piston sliding in L and also the
working stroke of the movable shearing knife b. The diameter, and consequently
the travel of the plunger m t reaching into G and of the plunger m are different.
The lengths of the levers of k are therefore chosen so that they are in a reverse
proportion to the surfaces of the plunger m t and m.
When the piston L ascends, the plunger m t compresses the fluid in the
accumulator G and b makes its working stroke. However in consequence of the
leakage of the service pipes and joints, part of the fluid is lost, therefore the stroke
is smaller than it should be theoretically. If the connection between band the
shorter arm of k were rigid, the transmission of movements would also, during the
working stroke of 6, be not by hydraulic means but by the lever K. In order to
avoid this possibility the volute spring g is inserted between i and fand is always
in tension. If the working travel of the plunger m becomes smaller by loss of
power than it should be theoretically, the spring will expand somewhat, but the
completion of the working stroke of b will always be transmitted by hydraulic
means from Ll to m.
It is necessary for the continuous working of the machine and to lead the steam
alternately over and under the piston moving in L. For this purpose the
machine is provided with an automatic governor or reversing apparatus. Steam
channels lead to both ends of the cylinder Ll joining each other and entering the
box n.
In this box moves a circular valve of known construction which is operated by
steam relay valve apparatus o and the rod N¹ so as to open at its highest position,
the lower cylinder steam port for the fresh steam entering at n³, while the upper
steam port of the cylinder L is connected to the atmosphere. At its lowest
position the circular valve connects the upper with the lower cylinder steam port
so that the steam which has previously entered below the piston and at high
pressure passes above the piston and causes the latter to descend.
The apparatus o, Figure 1, which moves the before mentioned circular valve
up and down, is shown in detail in Figure 5 and consists of a cylinder o¹, a
piston o' moving in it and a control valve o³. The latter is connected to a hand
lever 7, pivotted at t', by means of a rod t. The said lever carries together, the
governor spindle r. The latter is screw-threaded and provided with the pro-
jection w, and with the cog wheel va certain distance therefrom. To the piston
rod m t is fixed the ring u, also shown in Figure 2, on which pivots a pin w, having
lug and a lever carrying weights gg. The lug has a tooth, Figure 4, which
is caused by the weights g g to butt against a projection of the ring u, so that
always remains horizontal and can only be turned upwards after overcoming the
weights 9 g.
a
20
When the piston, sliding in L Figure 1, descends, a strikes the projection w,
Figure 3. The weights gg, Figure 4, are attached to the lever carrying them, in
such a manner as to produce sufficient momentum to carry the governor spindle
with them downwards whereby the valve o³ is placed in its highest position and
the steam enters below the piston o² of the steam valve relay apparatus Figure 5.
The circular valve is thereby returned into its highest position n.
The fresh
working steam can now enter into L below the piston thus effecting a rise of the
latter. Before the piston reaches its highest position in Ll, the lug strikes
against the cog wheel v, and as it cannot move downwards it lifts the latter and
the governor spindle r, and lowers the valve o' by means of 9 and t, so that the

page_text: circular valve reaches its lowest position at n, thus connecting the space below the
piston in L' with the space above it which would cause the lowering of the whole
mechanism while the working plunger m would return upwards into its original
position.
In order to ensure that the movement of the circular valve sliding in n upwards
and downwards, or vice versa, shall not be too rapid, an oil brake (or dash pot) P
is provided which is connected with the valve rod n¹ by means of a lever.
As before mentioned, the working stroke of the plunger m, i.e. the movement
downwards, is effected by water under pressure through the movement of the
piston driven upwards in Ll by steam. However, when m has arrived at the end
of its working stroke and the piston descends again in Ll, m must return upwards.
This is effected by means of the lever K, the water pressed towards being again
pressed backwards towards G by the plunger moved into 1. Thus the return of
the plunger into its original position is effected by steam operated mechanical
means, in this case by a lever k.
At the continuous working of the shears, the movement of the machine might
be occasionally too quick, because there may not always be dynamic equilibrium
between the motor (in this case L 1) and the shears. Therefore for the regulation
of the operative velocity, a regulating valve K is inserted into the water pressure
pipe, Figure 1, shown in an enlarged scale in Figures 9-12.
Into the valve casing a², Figures 9 and 12 is inserted the sleeve 62 having a
number of perforations k². In the sleeve 62 moves a pot d' also provided with
perforations f². The perforations f2 correspond with those k² when d² is in its
highest position. On the outer circumference of d² are grooves corresponding to
the number of holes through which they pass. The bottom of the pot has
small orifices g², and the pot itself is connected by a spindle e² to the weighted
lever. The fluid passing through from G presses against the bottom of the
pot d, and, according to the position of the weight e the position of the orifices k²
and f is such that the fluid at its passage therethrough receives at one time a
large amount of resistance and at another a less amount of resistance.
If d is lowered in consequence of excessive velocity, the passage from k² to f
becomes narrower by degrees until they are entirely removed from one another.
Then remains only the passage through 92 and h² to k² for the liquid. The
resistance caused thereby reduces the operative velocity.
When the plunger m, Figure 1, makes its return journey, there is no pressure
over d². In consequence the weight resting on e³, Figure 9 moves the pot d² in
the position shown in Figure 9, so that the perforations f3 and k² come into one
plane, thus leaving a free passage for the fluid driven back.
Further to counteract the loss of fluid produced by leakage, a suction valve I,
Figure 1, is inserted into the service pipe L. It consists of a tubular valve i,
Figure 6, which is pressed against its seating by the pressure existing in the
service pipe L during the piston stroke. The losses by leakage occur during this
period. When the plunger m, Figure 1, returns into its normal position, the fluid
pressure in L becomes less in consequence of the loss by the leakage, so that the
tubular valve i descends from its seating and fluid is allowed to enter from to
the same amount as had been lost previously. If equilibrium of pressure has been
established between L and P, the spring presses the tubular valve back to its
scating.
In
The foregoing shows that the working plunger m, Figure 1, always executes an
equal stroke from its original position. However, this is sometimes not desired.
If a short stroke is sufficient, a larger stroke means loss of time and power.
order to allow of the adjustment of the stroke, a cog wheel B is journalled on one
of the pillars F, Figures 1 and 3, which engages with a cog wheel and is operated
by a pinion A, axle z and hand wheel y. A cog wheel C is journalled on mt
engages with the cog wheel on the governor spindler and is screw threaded on
its elongated boss. The latter is screwed into a nut D fixed to the transverse
piece E. The pitch of the threads of C and are in reverse proportion to the

page_text: diameters of their pitch circles. Both screws are threaded oppositely; in conse-
quence the wheels C and v remain always engaged. For this purpose the width
of tooth of B is sufficiently large.
At the rotation of y, v and C are screwed either further up or further down
according to the direction of rotation; in consequence the lug x strikes w and
reverses. The cog wheel C in this case forms a limit to the stroke, by the
ring u on the piston rod striking against C. Thus the extent of the working
stroke of m may be varied in accordance with a different normal position of
starting.
If the working is not intended to be continuous, but if the working strokes are
intended to follow each other at irregular intervals, the lever M, Figure 1, is
turned upwards, which movement is transmitted to the shaft P by means of the
shaft N, also Figure 2, and the bevil wheels o. 0.
The shaft P carries an arm Q, which is brought into the position shown in
dotted lines, in Figure 4, by the rotation of the axle and turns the counter
weights gg and the lug upwards at the continued downward movement of mt, so
that the lug cannot act upon w and is not reversed until reversal is effected by
hand through the handle of the lever q. Therefore, in this manner the normal
position may be changed to a higher place, as may sometimes be desired.
If M is again turned downwards, as shown in Figure 1, the lever Q returns also
into its original position so that the weights yg act also upon w.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
1st. A metal & wood working machine tool in which the working plunger m of
a hydraulic press carrying the tool, has its working stroke effected from a steam
cylinder Land piston by hydraulic means (accumulator G and service pipe LL)
while it is returned into its normal position by the direct action of the same piston
sliding in L through a lever k.
2nd. In the machine claimed in Claim 1 an automatic reversing control
apparatus acting after the completion of the working stroke, consisting of a cog
wheel v adjustable upwards and downwards according to the length of the stroke
situated on a suspended screw-threaded governor spindler, and a lug a pivotted
on the piston rod mt striking against the cog wheel whereby a slide valve
arranged on the working steam cylinder is reversed.
3rd. In a machine claimed, in Claims 1 and 2 a device for changing the
automatic controlling mechanism into a manual controlling mechanism, consisting
of a luga, situated on the piston rod mt and movable only upwards, the said lug
being pressed downwards by weights, striking after the return journey has been
effected against a projection w of the controlling spindle r, whereby the apparatus
is again reversed, while by the lifting of the weight ag the lug is also turned
upwards, so as to pass a projection w leaving the controlling spindler untouched,
in order to vary the normal position of the working piston in the successive
strokes according to requirement.
4th. In a machine as claimed in Claim 1 an automatic valve for regulating the
operative velocity of the tool consisting of a pot d² inserted movable into the
valve casing with perforations corresponding in the highest position of the pot
with perforations in the sleeve 62 of the casing; the fluid pressure acting on the
bottom of the pot d² causing a change of position of the perforations towards
one another according to the weight acting against the pot and the fluid pressure,
so that the outermost position of the pot corresponds to the highest fluid pressure,
and the fluid finds the greatest resistance at the passage and enters into the
sleeve by small orifices 9' and grooves 2 to the openings in the box
sleeve b².
5th. In the machine claimed in Claim 1 a suction valve i in the pressure pipes,
which normally and during the working stroke, is pressed against its seating, but

page_text: opens inwards at the return of the working plunger from the working stroke, so
that as much fresh fluid can enter into the service as was lost by leakage in the
preceding stroke.
All substantially as described and illustrated in the drawings.
FELL & WILDING,
Agents for the Applicant..