An Improved Method of Creating and Maintaining a Cool Temperature in Chambers, and Apparatus therefor.
Year: 1893

page_text: Cate of Application, 26th Oct., 1893
Complete Specification Left, 19th Apr., 1894-Accepted, 25th May, 1894
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
An Improved Method of Creating and Maintaining a Cool
Temperature in Chambers, and Apparatus therefor.
We ROBERT PINSON GLANVILLE of The Cottage Evelyn Road Crouch Hill
in the County of Middlesex Gentleman and RICHARD WILTON CRADOCK of
39 Elspeth Road Lavender Hill Wandsworth in the County of Surrey Commercial
Traveller do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
The object of our invention is to provide a method of creating and maintaining a
cool temperature in chambers and apparatus therefor that shall be simple and
cheap and yet extremely efficient and effective and that shall be suitable for use
with most even if not with all articles and substances that may require a cool
equable temperature but shall be in the highest degree applicable for the
preservation of fruit and other like delicate articles and substances.
To carry out this object we create in any ordinary or other manner the usual or
other convenient chamber for the reception of the articles and substances that are
to be placed and treated therein and this chamber can be formed and arranged and
internally fitted as may be desired having regard it may be to the particular articles
and substances that are to be placed therein. On the outside of this chamber in
any convenient position is mounted any suitable fan or other similar appliance
which is so fitted in any ordinary or other manner as to be capable of drawing in
the atmospheric air and of forcing it into the chamber in the desired quantity
through a number of pipes which are led along and about the chamber preferably
at or near the top or ceiling of the same and in these pipes are made a number of
holes through which the air can issue which holes can most conveniently be so
made and fitted that their areas can be altered. On the outside of this chamber
also in any convenient position is mounted another suitable fan or other similar
appliance which is so fitted in any ordinary or other manner as to be capable of
drawing the air out of the chamber in the desired quantity through one or more
pipes which can be led round the walls of the chamber and if desired across the
chamber preferably at some little height above the bottom or floor thereof and in
this pipe or these pipes are made a number of holes through which the air can
enter which holes also are most conveniently so made and fitted that their areas
can be altered and this fan or appliance discharges the air into the atmosphere.
Both of these fans or other similar appliances can be driven and revolved or
otherwise actuated by and through any usual and convenient apparatus and
means.
Therefore when the proportionate areas of the fans or other appliances and of
the holes in the pipes have been duly adjusted and the fans or appliances are
revolved or actuated at the proper speeds in such wise that a certain predetermined
pressure is created in the delivery pipes the desired coolness is produced in the air
that issues therefrom and passes into the chamber to be drawn out of such chamber
through the exit pipe or pipes and it is obvious that this coolness of the air and
consequently the temperature of the chamber can be exactly regulated and altered
when desired by increasing or decreasing the pressure of the air in the delivery
pipes which can be effected by varying the proportionate areas of the fan or
appliance and the holes in these pipes as also by altering the speed at which this
fan or appliance is revolved or actuated while the proportionate areas of the other
fan or appliance and the holes in the exit pipe or pipes and the speed at which

page_text: this fan or appliance is revolved or actuated should be so arranged as to maintain
the desired pressure of air inside the chamber.
Dated this 26th day of October 1893.
HART & Co.,
186, Fleet Street, London, E.C., Agents.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
An Improved Method of Creating and Maintaining a Cool
Temperature in Chambers, and Apparatus therefor.
We ROBERT Pinson GLANVILLE of The Cottage Evelyn Road Crouch Hill
in the County of Middlesex Gentleman and RICHARD WILTON CRADOCK of
39 Elspeth Road Lavender Road Wandsworth in the County of Surrey Commercial
Traveller do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement :-
The object of this our invention is to provide a very sure and reliable method of
creating and maintaining a cool temperature in chambers and apparatus therefor
that shall be simple and cheap in construction and yet extremely efficient and
effective in operation and that shall be suitable. for use with most even if not with
all articles and substances that desire and even perhaps require for preservative
purposes a cool equable temperature and shall in the highest degree be applicable
for the preservation of fruit and other like delicate articles and substances.
To carry out this object we create in any usual or other manner an ordinary or
other convenient chamber for the reception of the articles and substances that are
to be placed and treated therein by this our invention and this chamber can be
formed and arranged and externally and internally fitted as may be desired or as
may be needful or advisable having regard to all the surrounding circumstances
and it may more especially be to the particular articles and substances that are io
be placed and treated therein. On the outside of this chamber in any convenient
position is mounted any suitable fan or other ordinary and similar appliance which
is so fitted and can be so revolved or actuated in any customary or other manner
as to be capable of drawing in pure atmospheric air and of forcing it into the
chamber in the desired quantity most conveniently through a number of pipes
which are led along and about the chamber preferably at or near the top or ceiling
of the same and in these pipes are made a number of holes of the desired sizes as
will hereinafter be explained through which holes the air can issue from the pipes
and enter the chamber. On the outside also of this chamber in any convenient
position is likewise mounted another suitable fan or other ordinary and similar
appliance which is so fitted and can be so revolved or actuated in any customary
or other manner as to be capable of drawing the air out of the chamber in the
desired quantity most conveniently also through a number of pipes which can
similarly be led along and about the chamber preferably at some little height
above the bottom or floor of the same and in these pipes are likewise made a
number of holes of the desired sizes as will hereinafter be explained through which
holes the air can enter the pipes and therefrom be discharged into the atmosphere.
Both of these fans or other appliances can be driven and revolved or otherwise
actuated by and through any convenient and usual or other apparatus and means.
The desired cool equable temperature is created and maintained in the chamber
by subjecting the air to a certain pressure through and by means of the delivery
fan or other appliance before it is allowed to enter the chamber and by maintaining
a certain pressure in the chamber through and by means of the exhaust fan or
other appliance and this can most conveniently be effected by so creating and
forming or arranging the proportionate areas of the fans or other appliances and
of the holes in the pipes and by so revolving or actuating the fans or other

page_text: appliances that the predetermined pressure is created in the delivery pipes and
therefore the desired coolness is produced in the air that issues therefrom and
enters the chamber and also that the air is drawn out of this chamber through the
exhaust pipes in such quantity as to maintain the predetermined pressure in the
chamber.
It will very frequently even if not generally be advisable and perhaps sometimes
necessary to vary the temperature of the chamber and especially in respect of
the temperature of the outer atmospheric air or that is to say to maintain the
same or other required temperature inside the chamber notwithstanding and in
despite of any variations of temperature outside the same and this can easily be
effected by varying the pressure in the delivery pipes and therefore the
temperature of the air as and when it enters the chamber and by varying the
pressure in the chamber or that is to say by varying the relative respective.
quantities of air admitted into and drawn out of this chamber. Many and various.
ordinary devices and means may be employed and used to produce these variations
herein before mentioned but perhaps the most convenient and effective arrange-
ment consists in so forming and fitting the holes in the pipes and more especially
in the delivery pipes that their sizes and areas can be altered whereby as is indeed
obvious a comparatively small decrease in the area of each hole coupled it may be
if desired with a comparatively small increase in the speed of the fan or other
appliance will result in a proportionately large increase in the pressure in the
delivery pipes and therefore in a proportionately large fall in the temperature of
the air as and when it enters the chamber and vice versa while a comparatively
small difference in the area of each hole in the delivery pipes as contrasted with
and compared to the area of each hole in the exhaust pipes will result in a
proportionately large difference in the pressure in the chamber even without any
variation in the speeds of the fans or other appliances.
In the accompanying drawing we have shewn one extremely convenient and
effective arrangement and method and style of construction and fitment of our
apparatus and of the several parts thereof and Figure 1 is a vertical section of a.
chamber wherein a cool temperature can be created and maintained in and by and
according to this our invention and Figure 2 is a sectional plan of the same taken
at ab in Figure 1.
A is a suitable chamber into which air is forced by a fan or other appliance
through a tube B which tube B inside the chamber A communicates with a
trunk D extending across the same and from this transverse trunk D issue a
number of delivery pipes E which pipes E extend the whole length of the
chamber A at the top of the same. In and through the undersides of the pipes E.
are made a number of holes F for and to each of which holes F is provided and
fitted a valve or plate H capable of sliding longitudinally in guides K on the
undersides of the pipes E to open and close or partly close these holes F and all
the valves H for the one pipe E are connected to a rod L while all the rods L.
can be connected together by transverse bars M and together can be actuated and
moved lengthwise or longitudinally by a screwed rod N which passes out through
the walls of the chamber A and can be operated outside the same by a wheel P
wherewith can conveniently be provided a graduated scale to indicate in what
positions the valves H are and to what extent if any the holes F are uncovered
and opened.
In like manner air is drawn out of the chamber A by a fan or other appliance
through a tube R which tube R inside the chamber A communicates with a
trunk D' extending across the same and from this transverse trunk D' issue a
number of exhaust pipes E' most conveniently corresponding in number to the
pipes E hereinbefore described which pipes El likewise extend the whole length
of the chamber A being preferably raised on benches T some little height above.
the bottom of the same. In and through preferably the topsides of the pipes E¹
are made a number of holes F' most conveniently corresponding in number and
size to the holes F hereinbefore described for and to each of which holes F¹ can

page_text: likewise if desired be provided and fitted a valve or plate H' capable of sliding
longitudinally in guides K' on the topsides of the pipes E' to open and close or
partly close these holes F and all the valves H' for the one pipe E' are similarly
connected to a rod L' while all the rods L' can similarly be connected together by
transverse bars M' and together can similarly be actuated and moved lengthwise
or longitudinally by a screwed rod N¹ which passes out through the walls of the
chamber A and can be operated outside the same by a wheel P' wherewith can
conveniently be provided a graduated scale similarly to indicate in what positions
the valves H' are and to what extent if any the holes F' are uncovered and
opened.
In and by this arrangement and method and style of construction and fitment as
herein before described and shewn in the accompanying drawing it is very evident
that a comparatively very small movement of the wheel P will make a compara-
tively very large difference in the total combined areas of all the holes F and
therefore even without any variation in the speed of the delivery fan or other
appliance the result will be a proportionately large difference in the pressure in
the delivery pipes E and thus and in this manner the temperature of the air as
and when it enters the chamber A can easily and quickly and very certainly and
exactly be varied and regulated. Again it is also very evident that comparatively
very small movements of the wheels P and P in opposite directions will make a
comparatively very large difference in the total combined areas of all the holes F
as contrasted with and compared to the total combined areas of all the holes Fi
and therefore even without any variation in the speeds of the fans or other
appliances the result will be a proportionately large difference in the pressure in
the chamber A and obviously also this same result would still be attained
although more slowly and to a somewhat smaller extent even if and when the area
of each hole in the exhaust pipes E' is not altered and varied wherefore the
valves H¹ for these exhaust pipes and all their attendant gearing and fittings
herein before described may when desired be dispensed with and in either case thus
and in this manner the pressure of the air in the chamber A can easily and
quickly and very certainly and exactly be varied and regulated.
Any suitable gauges thermometers and suchlike instruments and other appliances
as may be needed or desired can be provided for and fitted to this apparatus in
any convenient and usual or other manner to indicate the pressures and
temperatures and conditions of the air in the chamber and in the other several
parts of the apparatus and any other matters and things that it may be deemed
desirable or expedient so to indicate or shew.
The air to be treated and used in this apparatus as is hereinbefore described
should be pure or comparatively pure and if necessary or advisable it can be
purified before treatment and use in any usual or other manner and by any usual
or other means.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed we declare that what we
claim is
The method of and apparatus for creating and maintaining a cool temperature
in chambers substantially as hereinbefore described and set forth.
Dated this 21st day of March 1894
HART & Co.,
186, Fleet Street, London, E.C., Agents..