A MACHINE FOR THE COOLING OF LIQUIDS, AND WHICH MAY BE APPLIED TO THE CONDENSATION OF VAPOUR, AND MAY BE OF GREAT UTILITY IN THE CONDENSING OF SPIRITS IN THE PROCESS OF DISTILLATION AND COOLING WORTS BEER AND OTHER LIQUIDS
Year: 1817

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, DANIEL
TOWERS SHEARS, of Fleet Market, in the City of London, Coppersmith,
send greeting.
WHEREAS His present Majesty King George the Third, in and by
His Letters Patent under the Great Seal of the United Kingdom of
Great Britain and Ireland, bearing date at Westminster, the First day of
November last past, did, for Himself, His heirs and successors, give and
grant unto me, the said Daniel Towers Shears, my exors, admors, and
assigns, and every of them, by-myself and themselves, or by my and their
deputy and deputies, servants or agents, or such others as I, the said Daniel
Towers Shears, my exors, admors, or assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter, during the
term of years' therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise,
and vend, within that part of His said Majesty's said United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland called England, His Dominion of Wales, and Town of Ber-
wick-upon-Tweed, my Invention of." A MACHINE FOR THE COOLING OF LIQUIDS, AND
WHICH MAY BE APPLIED TO THE CONDENSATION OF VAPOUR, AND MAY BE OF GREAT
UTILITY IN THE CONDENSING OF SPIRITS IN THE PROCESS OF DISTILLATION AND COOLING
WORTS, BEER, AND OTHER LIQUIDS;" in which said Letters Patent there is
a proviso obliging me, the said Daniel Towers Shears, by an instrument vin
writing under my hand and seal, particularly 'to describe and ascertain the
nature of my said Invention, and in what-mauner the same is 'to be performed;
and to cause the same to be inrolled in His Majesty's High Court of Chan-

page_text: cery within two calendar months next and immediately after the date of the
said recited Letters Patent, as in and by the same, reference being thereunto
had, will more fully appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Daniel Towers Shears, in compliance
with the said proviso, do hereby describe and ascertain the nature of my
said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be constructed and to
perform and operate, by the Plans or Drawings hereto annexed, and in the
following description thereof (that is to say) :-
My Invention consists of connecting and associating together a number of
distinct or separate shallow or flat vessels or chambers, vide Figure 5, (the size
or form of the materials of which they are composed is not material, provided
they are suited for and capable of holding vapour or fluid,) each distinct or
separate vessel or chamber having one or moro inlet and outlet for the passage
of such fluid or vapour as may be required to pass in or out of such vessel or
chamber. In the construction of such vessels, and connecting and fixing them
together, I employ any of the common well-known methods of uniting or con-
necting bodies together by which vapours or fluids may be held or contained.
When any number of such vessels are connected and united together (and I do
not recommend less than six, nor more than forty vessels, although less or
more may do) they then assume the character of a machine for the purpose
of cooling fluids or condensing vapours (vide the several Drawings annexed);
and although these vessels are thus associated, and although there are distinct
inlets and outlets in each vessel, yet they are so placed that the outlet of one
vessel becomes the means of feeding or supplying the inlet of the alternate
or next vessel but one into and through which the fluid or vapour is to pass.
In a machine that is composed of six of these vessels for the cooling of the
fluid, or for the condensing of a vapour, there will be three of the vessels to bo
occupied with cold water, and three to be occupied with vapour or wort, as may
be required; and those six vessels will be placed in an alternato situation with
each other, while the machine of forty vessels will have twenty for water and
twenty for vapour or wort; that is to say, as in Figure 1, will be seen a section
of six vessels, and that the vessel A will contain cold water, while B will hold
vapour or wort; C water, and D vapour or wort; E water, and F vapour or
wort; and so on in alternato succession for any number of vessels that may be
embodied, associated, or connected into the machine, or of which any machino
for these purposes may be composed.
Figure 1 shews the traverse of the vapour or wort, marked out by the red
colour, enclosed between sheets or columns of water, which are represented by
the water colour. Figure 2 is a section of six vessels, shewing the traverse of

page_text: the water through the machine in a meandering form, and travelling in an
adverse direction to the vapour; the same colours in both Figures are used
to represent "water," and to represent "wort or vapour." It is, as before
stated, necessary that the vessels for holding cold water must have their inlet
and outlet passages by which a constant current of water is kept up and made
to pass from water vessel to water vessel, compelling every particle of water in its
journey through the machine to pass in and out of every water vessel of which a
machine is composed until the water makes its ultimate and final escape from
the machine. And the vessels that are to be occupied with vapour or wort must
also have their inlet and outlet passages, and the fluids must be made to pass
in the same manner and in the same order in and out of the vapour or wort
vessels as the water is made to pass in the vessels assigned for its journey,
except that I would recommend that the water and the vapour or wort
should be made to pass in opposite directions. A machine thus consti-
tuted under a variety of modifications and proportions (it being susceptable
of a variety of modifications as to size, form, materials, and modes of
uniting), will furnish the means of cooling fluids and of condensing vapours
with a facility and effect not hitherto accomplished by any of the implements
in use for cooling fluids or condensing vapours. It is obvious and clear that
this my Invention of associating and connecting any number of shallow or flat
vessels together, and filling one half in number of these vessels with cold water
and leaving the other half of the vessels to be occupied by wort or vapour, and
by placing every vessel of wort or vapour between two vessels filled with cold
water (except the first and last as the case may be), and by forcing such wort
or vapour through any convenient number of such vessels, the wort or vapour
vessels always being enclosed between the cold water vessels (except as before
excepted), and thereby compelling the wort or vapour to travel in and out of
the vapour or wort vessels, exposing the whole surface of the wort or vapour
to equal surfaces of cold water, the operation of cooling liquids and condensing
vapour and spirits in the process of distillation, and cooling worts and other
liquids in the process of brewing, must be materially facilitated and
accellerated.
Figure 3 represents a view of six vessels connected together by bolts and
nuts, shewing the inlet and outlet pipes both for the water and the wort or
vapour, with two external openings to each vessel. These openings must,
when the machine is at work, be closed so correctly as to render them air-
tight, and any of the common well-known methods for rendering them so
may be used. I have adopted a flat iron plate with two strong screws and a
packing between the external part of each vessel and each plate. By these

page_text: openings not only a convenient method of cleansing, but a rendy and easy way
of looking into each vessel, is established as often as may be required.
Figuro 4 is a view of twelvo vessels placed between two external plates or
flanches of iron with a suitable quantity of bolts or pillars and nuts to unito
the whole firmly together, and which bolts or pillars are formed with a screw
at each end for at least four inches long to fit their nuts, and by this length of
screw at each end of such bolt or pillar the nuts at such ends may be loosened,
whereby each and overy vessel may bo separated from its adjoining vessel, for
the purpose of cleansing, repairing, or other alteration or amendment. It
follows of course that each vessel must have as many cars as there are bolts
or pillars, and in each car of each vessel there must be a hole to admit such
bolts or pillars to pass through. I again also remark, that each vessel must
have a sufficient inlet and outlet passage, and that there must be a suflicient
number of metallic plates and packings to render each of the twelve vessels
distinct and separate vessels as to their capability of holding either fluids or
vapour, and have only their required and fit communications with each other,
as shown in Figures 1 and 2.
I have given the annexed Drawings and their explanations merely to illus-
trato what I consider an easy and efficient mode of uniting any number of
vessels for the purposes before described into the form and character of a
machine.
My Invention is not for the means of uniting vessels together, but for tho
effect and advantage of such vessels when united, and by bringing distinct
shallow or flat vessels or chambers together, and giving to them an alternato
communication with each other, and for bringing the areas or surfaces of such
vessels or chambers into contact with each other, whereby an extensive surface
of any fluid or vapour may be brought through such vessels or chambers into
near contact with equal surfaces of cold water for the purposes of cooling and
condensing fluids and vapour as before described. The means of feeding theso
vessels duly with cold water and with wort or vapour, and of carrying off such
water and wort or vapour from their repective vessels, or for permitting the
atmospheric air to escape from the machine by means of pipes, pumps, cocks,
reservoirs, or any other well-known means of forcing and conveying air, fluids,
and vapour, form no part of my Invention, and I only employ thoso means
when required for these several purposes, ns auxiliary to my Invention.
In witness whereof, I, the said Daniel Towers Shears, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Thirty-first day of December, in the year of
Our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventeen.
DAN TOWERS (L.B.) SHEARS.

page_text: AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the Thirty-first day of December,
in the year of our Lord 1817, the aforesaid Daniel Towers Shears came
before our said Lord the King in His Chancery, and acknowledged the
Specification aforesaid, and all and every thing therein contained and specified,
in form above written. And also the Specification aforesaid was stamped
according to the tenor of the Statute made for that purpose.
Inrolled the Thirty-first day of December, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and seventeen.