IMPROVEMENTS IN SIZEING OR DRESSING YARNS OR TEXTILE PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION
Year: 1862

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John. McKean, of Walmer Bridge Mills, near
Preston, in the County Palatine of Lancaster, Manufacturer, and
Thomas Greenall, of the City of Manchester, Flour Factor, for the
Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN SIZEING OR DRESSING YARNS OR TEXTILE
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John M°Kean and
Thomas Greenall at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 4th November 1862.
We, JOHN MCKEAN, of Walmer Bridge Mills, near Preston, in the County
Palatine of Lancaster, Manufacturer, and THOMAS GREENALL, of the City of
Manchester, Flour Factor, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN SIZEING OR DRESSING YARNS OR TEXTILE MATERIALS,” to
be as follows:-
This Invention relates to the application or employment and use of a novel
compound or composition for the purpose of sizeing or dressing and preparing
warp yarns for the loom. The basis of this compound or composition is what is
technically or commercially known as "China clay," or other similar siliceous
and aluminous earths, and such clays are rendered available for use in the'
treatment of warp yarns by admixture with farinaceous or amylaceous matter
obtained from wheat, rice, potatoe, sago, tapioca, salop, or from any other

page_text: convenient or practical source. Such farinaceous and amylaceous matters
having been previously treated with acid, such as sulphuric, nitric, or hydro-
chloric acid, or mixtures of the same, and afterwards subjected to a tem-
perature varying from 100° to 300° Fahrenheit, according to the product it is
desired to obtain. The materials may be applied in various proportions, but a
judicious combination has been arrived at by mixing three parts by weight of
China clay, or other siliceous or aluminous earth, and one part and a half by
weight of the product resulting from the before-described treatment of the
farinaceous and amylaceous substances herein-before mentioned. By using
this composition great economy is secured, not only in the first cost of the
material employed, but also in all the after processes of manufacture. Whilst
the work, when finished, is of a class much superior to that produced from
yarns sized or dressed in the ordinary way.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said John McKean and Thomas Greenall in the Great Seal
Patent Office on the 4th May 1863.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOHN
MCKEAN, of Walmer Bridge Mills, near Preston, in the County Palatine
of Lancaster, Manufacturer, and THOMAS GREENALL, of the City of Man-
chester, Flour Factor, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Fourth day of November, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-two, in the twenty-sixth year of
Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto
us, the said John McKean and Thomas Greenall, Her special license that we,
the said John McKean and Thomas Greenall, our executors, administrators,
and assigns, or such others as we, the said John M'Kean and Thomas
Greenall, our executors, administrators, or assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during
the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise,
and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN.
SIZING OR DRESSING YARNS OR TEXTILE MATERIALS," upon the condition (amongst.
others) that we, the said John McKean and Thomas Greenall, our executors
or administrators, by an instrument in writing under our hands and seals,
or under the hand and seal of one of them, should particularly describe and

page_text: ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was
to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent,
Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the
said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said John McKean and Thomas Greenall,
do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and.
by the following statement, that is to say:-.
Our said Invention relates to the application or employment and use of a.
novel compound or composition for the purpose of sizing or dressing and pre-
paring warp yarns for the loom or for sizing. The basis of this compound or
composition is what is technically or commercially known as China clay,
kaolin, or other similar silicious or aluminous earths, and such clays are ren-
dered available for use in the treatment of warp yarns by admixture with the.
products obtained from farinaceous or amylaceous matters, such as wheat, rice,
potatoes, sago, tapioca, salop, or from any other available or practical source
after having been subjected to the processes herein-after mentioned., Such
farinaceous and anylaceous matters are to be previous treated with an acid or
acids, such as sulphuric, nitric, or hydrochloric acids of commerce, or mixtures
of the same, and are afterwards subjected to a temperature varying from
about 300° Fahrenheit, in a manner similar to that employed for the pro-
duction of gum substitutes, as is well understood; the degree of temperature
employed being dependant on the product which it is desired to obtain. The
materials may be employed in various proportions, but a judicious combi-
nation has been arrived at by mixing three parts by weight of finely-divided
China clay, kaolin, or other similar silicious or aluminous earths, and
one part and a half by weight of the products resulting from the before-
described treatment of the farinaceous and anylaceous substances herein-
before mentioned.
In addition to the mixture or combination before-mentioned, the following
has been found suitable for the sizing and dressing of yarns such as are
generally employed for the production of woven fabrics :-5 parts by weight
of China clay, 4 parts by weight of the products obtained as herein-before
mentioned. The composition or mixture resulting from the process above
described is a perfectly dry and fine flour or powder, which requires to be
simply mixed with water and then boiled, so as to convert it into a paste of
suitable consistency for use. It is obvious that by modifying the proportions
of China clay and of the products obtained from farinaceous and anylaceous
substances by the processes herein-before mentioned, a great variety of sizing

page_text: or dressing preparations may be obtained. By using these improved com-
pounds or compositions great economy is secured, not only in the first cost of
the material employed, but also in the after processes of manufacture; whilst
the work, when finished, is of a class much superior to that produced from
yarns sized or dressed by the ordinary preparations.
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of our said
Invention, and the manner in which the same is or may be used or carried
into effect, we would observe in conclusion, that what we consider to be novel
and original, and therefore claim as the Invention secured to us by the herein-
before in part recited Letters Patent, is,-
First, the manufacture of the peculiar compounds or compositions herein-
before described to be employed in the sizing or dressing of yarns.
Second, the application and use of the peculiar compounds or compositions
herein-before described, in the sizing or dressing of yarns.
In witness whereof, I, the said John McKean, on behalf of myself
and the said Thomas Greenall, have hereunto set my hand and seal,
this Fourth day of May, One thousand eight hundred and sixty-
three.
JNO. MCKEAN. (L.S.)