IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION AND ARRANGEMENT OF PANS OR VESSELS EMPLOYED FOR THE PURPOSE OF BOILING FATTY OR OLEAGINOUS MATTERS SUCH AS TALLOW LARD OIL AND OTHER SIMILAR SUBSTANCES "
Year: 1883

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Joseph Bell and David Bell both of Bolton in the County
of Lancaster for an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION
AND ARRANGEMENT OF PANS OR VESSELS EMPLOYED FOR THE PURPOSE OF
BOILING FATTY OR OLEAGINOUS MATTERS SUCH AS TALLOW LARD OIL AND
OTHER SIMILAR SUBSTANCES
"
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Joseph Bell and David Bell
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 31st August 1883.
JOSEPH BELL and DAVID BELL, both of Bolton, in the County of Lancaster.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION AND ARRANGEMENT OF PANS OR VESSELS
EMPLOYED FOR THE PURPOSE OF BOILING FATTY OR OLEAGINOUS MATTERS, SUCH
AS, TALLOW, LARD, OIL AND OTHER SIMILAR SUBSTANCES."
The object of our invention is to construct pans or vessels that will more
effectively boil fatty or oleaginous matters, such as, Tallow, Lard, Oil and other
similar substances, such as Soap, Bones or other animal or vegetable or greasy
matter.
Our invention consists in constructing and arranging the pans in any suitable
form, such as, square, oblong or others; made of steel or wrought iron plates, the
ends, bottom and sides being jointed with angle irons, and rivetted together in the
usual way. In the inside of the outer shell is placed a similar shell, correspondingly
less to give a cavity or steam space, by which it is to be heated and the boiling
effected by means of steam at a high-pressure or temperature; being provided with
the necessary steam inlet tap and pipes fixed in a suitable position near the top or
otherwise of the cavity. For the purpose of taking away the condensed steam or
water, a tap and pipe are provided on the bottom side.
In pans of large dimensions it is impossible to boil the whole of the fatty or
other matters in an equal state; generally the outsides next the sides of the pan
are in a liquid state, whilst the middle is quite cold or nearly so, which causes a
much longer time to effect a complete boiling, and which is also liable to burn it,

page_text: To overcome this difficulty we place one or more metallic cavity chambers either
longitudinally or cross-wise, or both, thus giving a considerably increased heating
surface; the same being equally distributed amongst the fatty or oleaginous matters
being boiled.
The cavity steam chambers or partitions can be placed in loose, being carried on
suitable lugs or stands placed a little distance from the bottom of the inner shell,
thus leaving a passage under the cavity chamber or chambers for the circulation of
the matters whilst boiling. The object of making these parts loose, is to enable
them to be taken out in case the shell should require repairs, as in some cases the
pans or vessels will be too small to admit of repairs being performed in them
otherwise.
The ends of the cavity chambers are provided with blocks and rivetted together;
being held in position sideways by suitable lugs secured by set screws or other
equivalents for easy removal.
The inner cavity chambers are provided with steam pipes and nipples, extending
through the steam cavity between the inner and outer shells of the pan; and is
provided with a waste or condensed water tap in the same way in a suitable
position near the bottom of the cavity.
+
To prevent the solid matter being drawn away with the liquid as it is passed to
the cooling or refining tank, we provide a dome mouth piece over the outlet pipe,
having suitable holes for passing the liquid through in
pure state. To prevent
the holes becoming made up whilst charging or boiling, we place a semi-circular
bonnet or cover over the perforated outlet dome, which is lifted by ordinary means
before the liquid is drawn off.
The novelty of this invention is that of forming the internal cavity chamber or
chambers, thus increasing the heating surface, at the same time distributing it in
such a way as to be effectual, and cause all parts of the pan or vessel to boil at one
and the same time; thus effecting an increased production and better quality in less
time, resulting in economy both in time, labor and expense.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the "Letters Patent filed
by the said Joseph Bell and David Bell in the Patent Office on the 28th February
1884.
JOSEPH BELL and DAVID BELL both of Bolton in the County of Lancaster
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION AND ARRANGEMENT OF PANS OR VESSELS
EMPLOYED FOR THE PURPOSE OF BOILING FATTY OR OLEAGINOUS MATTERS, SUCH
AS TALLOW, LARD, OIL AND OTHER SIMILAR SUBSTANCES."
The object of our invention is to construct pans or vessels that will more
effectively boil fatty or oleaginous matters such as Tallow, Lard, Oil, and other
similar substances, such as Soap, bones or other animal or vegetable or greasy
matter.
Our invention consists in constructing and arranging the pans in any suitable
form, such as square, oblong or others; made of steel or wrought iron plates, the
ends bottom and sides being jointed with angle irons and rivetted together in the
usual way. In the inside of the outer shell is placed a similar shell, correspondingly
less to give a cavity or steam space, by which it is to be heated and the boiling
effected by means of steam at a high pressure or temperature, being provided
with the necessary steam inlet tap and pipes fixed in a suitable position near the
top or otherwise of the cavity. For the purpose of taking away the condensed
steam or water a tap and pipe are provided on the bottom side.
In pans of large dimensions it is impossible to boil the whole of the fatty or
other matters in an equal state; generally the outsides, next to the sides of the
pan are in a liquid state, whilst the middle is quite cold or nearly so which causes
a much longer time to effect a complete boiling, and which is also liable to
burn it.
This we overcome by placing one or more metallic cavity chambers either
longitudinally or cross-wise, or both, thus giving a considerably increased heating
surface; the same being equally distributed amongst the fatty or oleaginous matters
being boiled.
The cavity steam chambers or partitions can be placed in loosely, being carried
on suitable lugs or stands placed a little distance from the bottom of the inner
shell, thus leaving a passage under the cavity chamber or chambers for the circu-
lation of the matter whilst boiling. The object of making these parts loose is to
enable them to be taken out in case the shell should require repairs, as in some cases
the pans or vessels will be too small to admit of repairs being performed in them
otherwise. The ends of the cavity chambers are provided with blocks and rivetted
together, being held in position sideways by suitable lugs secured by set screws or
other equivalents for easy removal.
The inner cavity chambers are provided with steam pipes and nipples, extending
through the steam cavity between the inner and outer shells of the pan, and are
provided with waste or condensed water taps in the same way in suitable positions
near the bottom of the cavity.
To prevent the solid matter being drawn away with the liquid as it is passed to
the cooling or refining tank, we provide a dome mouth piece over the outlet pipe,
having suitable holes for passing the liquid through in a pure state.
To prevent
the holes becoming made up whilst charging or boiling, we place a semicircular
bonnet or cover over the perforated outlet dome which is lifted by ordinary means
before the liquid is drawn off.
In order that our invention may be fully understood and readily carried into
operation we will now proceed to describe the accompanying drawings, reference
being made to the figures and letters marked-thereon.

page_text: Figure 1. is a longitudinal section of our improved pan.
elevation through line A. B-Fig. 3 is a plan of the same.
Fig: 2 a sectional
and
The pans are made of steel wrought iron or other plates; the ends a bottom b
and sides c are jointed together with the angle irons d by the rivets e in the usual
way. In this outer casing is placed the inner shell, with the ends f bottom
the sides h, coupled or jointed together by the angle irons i, and the rivets k, or by
flanging the plates as shewn in Fig: 9 in which case the angle irons are dispensed
with.
The inner shell is made correspondingly less to form the cavity of steam space
the top sides being provided with the metallic blocks m to which the top edges of
the plates are rivetted the outer and inner plates are stayed to withstand the
pressure in any convenient way by the stays or rivets V.
In making pans of large dimensions they are for the purpose of increasing,
distributing and equalizing the heating surface provided with the cavity chamber
or divisions c which can be placed either longitudinally or cross-wise or both, as
shewn in Figs 4. 5. 7 and 8. The cavity chambers are placed in the inner shell or
pan loosely, and carried on the lugs or angle iron stands n rivetted or bolted to tho
ends being placed at a convenient distance or height from the bottom g thus
allowing a passage for the circulation of the matter or the liquid whilst boiling-To
ensure the cavity chambers or divisions C being held in position laterally, the inner
chamber is provided with the lugs or stops o which are secured by the set screws p
or other equivalents so as to be handy or easy of removal in case the cavity chamber
is required to be removed
The cavity or steam space between the inner and outer shells or casings and
the cavity chamber c are provided with the inlet steam tap D., which are coupled
by the pipes E and the elbow and T piece F, and nipples G the latter in the case
of the cavity C passing through the outer and inner plates as well as the cavity l,
the joints being made by the lock nut H-The condensed steam or water is conveyed
from the bottom side of the cavity chamber C by the tap I and connecting pipe J,
being made tight by the lock nuts K: the tap L and elbow M are supplied for the
same purpose under the cavity or steam spaces l. The pet taps N are supplied for
the purpose of discharging air as the steam is supplied, or for admitting it after
steam is shut off.
To prevent the solid matter under operation in the inner tank or shell being
drawn away with the liquid as it is passed to the cooling or refining tank through
the tap P and the nipple o, the top end of the latter is provided with the perforated
dome or outlet R. To prevent the perforations in the dome R being choked whilst
being charged or when boiling, they are protected and covered by the bonnet or
cover S being placed over the dome R, the bonnet is provided with the handle T,
which allows it to be lifted slightly with a suitable rod or other connections, while
drawing off, thus leaving the solid matter in the pan to be further rendered or
boiled down if desired
Figure 4 shews the manner in which our improvements are applied to a square
tank or boiling pan, the cavity chambers c being placed crosswise thus dividing
the pan into four equal divisions.
Figure 5 shews the same cavity chambers applied to a round or circular pan.
Figure 6 shews an arrangement of placing them crosswise in an oblong pan.
Figures 7 and 8 shew arrangements for placing them longitudinally and cross-
wise in oblong pans, so as to distribute the heating surface effectively according to
the size of the pan
It will be readily seen that many advantages will accrue from this invention,
such as, by the increased heating surface obtained, boiling will be produced in less
time, consequently a minimised loss from evaporation, as well as less liability to
burn and discolor the fatty or oleginous matter being boiled, thus improving its
quality Another advantage is, that an increased quantity can be produced in less
time at a minimised cost.
Having thus stated the nature of our invention, and described the mode of

page_text: performing the same, we would have it understood that we do not confine ourselves
to the precise details or configuration of the parts we have shown and described, as
the same may be varied or modified without departing from the principle of our
invention, but what we claim and desire to be secured to us by Letters
Patent is:
First. The use and construction of the cavity chambers C for the purpose of
distributing and equalizing the heating surface in pans or vessels for boiling fatty
or oleaginous matters and other substances, substantially as described and as shewn
on the drawings, or any mere modification thereof
Second. The use and construction of the perforated dome R and the bonnet or
cover S for the purpose described and as shewn on the drawings
Third. The construction of cavity pans and chambers for boiling fatty or
oleaginous matters and other substances, applied and operating substantially in the
manner described and as shewn on the drawings. in Figures 1 to 9.
In witness whereof we the said Joseph Bell and David Bell have hereunto set
our hands and seals this twenty seventh day of February in the year of our Lord
one thousand eight hundred and eighty four