IMPROVEMENTS IN MANUFACTURE OF ELASTIC HOOPS OR BANDS. AND OTHER ANALOGOUS ELASTIC PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION APPLICABLE TO VARIOUS PARTS OF LADIES AND GENTLEMEN'S WEAKING APPAREL, AND IN THE MACHINERY EMPLOYED IN SUCH
Year: 1859

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Warne, James Archibald Jaques, and John
Americus Fanshawe, of Tottenham, in the County of Middlesex, India-
rubber Manufacturers, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MANUFACTURE OF ELASTIC HOOPS OR BANDS. AND OTHER ANALOGOUS ELASTIC
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Warne, James.
Archibald Jaques, and John Americus Fanshawe at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents with their Petition, on the 19th October 1859.
We, WILLIAM WARNE, JAMES ARCHIBALD JAQUES, and JOHN AMERICUS
FANSHAWE, of Tottenham, in the County of Middlesex, India-rubber Manu-
facturers, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ELASTIC HOOPS OR BANDS, AND OTHER ANALOGOUS
ELASTIC ARTICLES APPLICABLE TO VARIOUS PARTS OF LADIES AND GENTLEMEN'S
WEAKING APPAREL, AND IN THE MACHINERY EMPLOYED IN SUCH MANUFACTURE," to
be as follows:→
Our Invention of "Improvements in the Manufacture of Elastic Hoops,
Bands, and other Analogous Elastic Articles applicable to various Parts of
Ladies and Gentlemen's Wearing Apparel, and in Machinery employed in
[Price 8d.]

page_text: such Manufacture," relates, in the first place, to a novel mode of constructing
hoops or bands; and, secondly, to the machinery for covering the same with
cord, string, or thread of silk, cotton, or other fibrous substance, or with wire.
The foundation of our improved elastic hoops or bands is composed by
preference of some woven or other textile fabric, coated, covered, or impreg-
nated with a compound or preparation of caoutchouc and gutta percha, with
any other suitable ingredient. Lengths of the prepared fabric of suitable
width, according to the required thickness or strength of the hoop or band,
are rolled or folded up either spirally or longitudinally into the form either of
a round or oval cord or a flat or square band, the ends being connected
together in any convenient manner so as to form a ring or endless band.
Sometimes we form these rings or endless bands of solid gutta percha, with
which may be incorporated, if desired, some fibrous material or other sub-
stance, in order to give it increased strength. If it be desired to vulcanize
the india-rubber bands, then a suitable quantity of sulphur, or some ingredient
containing sulphur must be added to the other matters, and the article sub-
mitted to heat in order to produce the required change. The rings or endless
bands, either vulcanized or not vulcanized, are then transferred to the covering
machine, in which they are covered with cord or wire, or with any suitable
fibrous material.
The machine whereby this operation is effected consists principally of a
rotating disc or wheel, which is provided with a central tube to receive the
hoop or band, which latter is strained over a pair of pullies mounted one
above and the other below the rotating disc, on which is mounted a bobbin or
reel containing the cord or string, or other suitable fibrous material with which
the hoop or band is intended to be covered. The straining pullies are adjustable
vertically so as to admit of them receiving hoops or bands of different
lengths.
The operation of the machine is as follows:-Motion is communicated to
the rotating disc, through the centre of which passes the hoop or endless band,
and by this means the bobbin or reel containing the covering cord, or string,
or other suitable fibrous material is carried horizontally round the hoop or
band, and as the latter has a slow travelling motion given to it by causing the
straining pullies to rotate slowly, the covering cord or string will be laid round
the hoop or endless band in a helical coil. By weighting or otherwise putting
sufficient tension on the covering cord or string, this latter is made to bind
tightly on the hoop or endless band, and by that means impart an elasticity to
the latter which it would not otherwise possess. The elastic hoops or bands
thus made are intended more particularly to be applied to ladies' petticoats or

page_text: the skirts of dresses; but bands of this kind may also be used as an edging
for some partsof ladies' bonnets and of gentlemen's apparel for the purpose of
causing. the same to keep or assume any desired shape or form.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent; filed
by the said William Warne; James Archibald Jaques, and John
Americus Fanshawe in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 19th April
1860.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, WILLIAM
WARNE, JAMES ARCHIBALD JAQUES, and JOIN AMERICUS FANSHAWE, all of
Tottenham, in the County of Middlesex, India-rubber Manufacturers, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Nineteenth day of October, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-nine, in the twenty-third year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto us, the
said William Warne, James Archibald Jaques, and John Americus Fanshawe,
Her special license that we, the said William Warne, James Archibald
Jaques, and John Americus Faushawe, our executors, administrators, and
assigns, or such others as we, the said William Warne, James Archibald
Jaques, and John Americus Fanshawe, our executors, administrators, and
assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time
and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and
lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom
of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, aud Isle of Man, an
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ELASTIC HOOPS, BANDS.
AND OTHER ANALOGOUS ELASTIC ARTICLES APPLICABLE TO VARIOUS PARTS OF LADIES'
AND GENTLEMEN'S WEARING APPAREL, AND IN THE MACHINERY EMPLOYED IN SUCH
MANUFACTURE," upon the condition (amongst others) that we, the said William
Warne, James Archibald Jaques, and John Americus Fanshawe, by an
instrument in writing under our hands and seals, or under the hand and seal
of one of us, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the
said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause
the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said William Warne, James Archibald
Jaques, aud John Americus Fanshawe, do hereby declare the nature of our

page_text: said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement,
reference being had to the Drawing hereunto annexed, and to the letters
and figures marked thereon (that is to say):-
Our Invention of "Improvements in the Manufacture of Elastic Hoops,
Bands, and other analogous Elastic Articles applicable to various Parts of
Ladies and Gentlemen's Wearing Apparel,and in Machineryemployed in such
Manufacture," relates in the first place to a novel mode of constructing hoops
or bands, and secondly, to the machinery for covering the same with cord,
string, or thread, of silk, cotton, or other fibrous substance, or with wire.
The foundation of our improved elastic hoops or bands is composed by
preference of some woven or other textile fabric, coated, covered, or impreg-
nated with a compound or preparation of caoutchouc and gutta percha, com-
bined with any other suitable ingredient. Lengths of the prepared fabric of
suitable width, according to the required thickness or strength of the hoop or
bands are rolled or folded up either spirally or longitudinally into the form
either of a round or oval cord, or a flat or square band, the ends being con-
nected together in any convenient manner so as to form a ring or endless band.
Sometimes we form these rings or endless bands of solid gutta percha, with
which may be incorporated,if desired, some fibrous material or other substance
in order to give it increased strength. If it be desired to vulcanize the india-
rubber bands, thenasuitablequantity of sulphur, or some ingredient containing
sulphur,must be added to the other matters, and the article submitted to heat
in order to produce the required change. The rings or endless bands, either
vulcanized or not vulcanized, are then tranferred to the covering machine, in
which they are covered with cord or wire, or with any suitable fibrous inaterial.
The machine whereby this operation is effected consists principallyof one or
more rotating discs or wheels, which is or are provided with a central guide
eye or tube to receive the hoop or band, which latter is strained over a pair
of pullies mounted one above and the other below the rotating discs, ou each
of which is mounted a bobbin or reel containing the cord, string, or other
suitable fibrous material with which the hoop or band is intended to be
covered. The straining pullies are adjustable vertically so as to admit of them
receiving hoops or bands of different lengths.
In the accompanying Drawing, Fig. 1 is a plan view of a machine adapted
for covering hoops or bands for the purposes of our Invention. Fig. 2 is a
sectional elevation of the same. In the Drawing we have shewn two rotating
covering discs, one of which rotates in one direction and the other in the
opposite direction, so that the hoop or band may be covered with two layers of

page_text: cord or string laid on in opposite directions; sometimes, however, only one
covering is required, and occasionallywe find it de sirable to cover the hoop or
band with three layers. a, a, are the rotating discs, which rest upon the hori-
zontal flanged pullies b, b, b, and are kept down by the two side rollers c, c.
The discs a are provided on their under sides with band. wheels or V groove
pullies a', a', in which run the bands d, d. These bands pass round and are
driven by the pullies d', d, on the vertical driving shaft e, to which motion is
communicated from any prime mover by means of a band passed round the
pulley at the lower end of the shaft. The bands d, d, one of which is crossed
and the other straight, pass from the driving pullies d', di, to the distance
pullies d, d, and they are made to bear against and drive the band wheels or
pullies a' of the discs a,a, by means of the tension pullies g, g. The hoop or
band to be covered is seen at h, h, and is stretched or extended over two drums
or rollers i, i, to the upper one i, of which a slow rotary motion is commu-
cated by means of a bandy, which passes round a pulleyon the end of the upper
drum or roller i,as shewn by dots in Fig. 2. The band j is driven by a pulley k
on the axle of a worm wheel l, which is actuated by a worm m on the vertical
driving shaft e. By means of the parts above described the hoop or band his
made to travel slowly down through the centre of the discs a, a*, in doing
which the band is made to pass through eyes or guides n, m, at the ends of
short arms, which are secured to the framework as seen in the Figures. A
bobbin or spoolo,onwhich is wound the thread,cord, or other fibrous substance
with which it is intended to cover the hoop or band is mounted in bearings
fixed on the face of the disc a, and the end of the string or cord is passed
from the spool or hobbin o through an eye o¹, and from thence to the hoop or
band intended to be covered. Weights p, p, are fixed on the opposite side of
the disc a for the purpose of counterbalancing the weight of the bobbin or
spool o, which is provided with a spring, or other suitable contrivance, for
keeping the thread or cord in proper tension. It will now be understood that
as the hoop or band h slowly travels up through the fixed eye n at the centre
of the disc a, the latter with the spool or bobbin o thereon is made to rotate
with considerable speed, and in so doing laps or winds the covering cord or
thread round the hoop or band in a helical direction. The lower disc a* is
provided in the same manner with a bobbin or spool of covering cord, and as
its driving band d³ is crossed, this lower disc with its accessories rotates in the
opposite direction to the upper one, and its covering cord therefore crosses the
other covering cord on the hoop or band h. Upon referring to the plan view
Fig. 1, it will be seen that the discs a, a, have an opening or slot a² cut in
them for the purpose of removing the covered hoop or band, and replacing

page_text: it by another. This slot or opening is closed by a narrow flap or door, which
is hinged to the disc a as shewn in the Figure, and is secured by a button,
when the hoop or band is placed in the manner ready to be covered. Fig. 3
represents a strip of fibrous sheet prepared ready to form the uncovered hoop
or band. Figures 4 and 4" shew the prepared sheet rolled up into the form of
a round hoop or band. Fig. 5 represents part of a band covered with the two
layers of covering thread or cord.
..It will be understood from the foregoing description, that by weighting or
otherwise putting sufficient tension on the covering thread or cord, this latter
is made to bind tightly on the hoop or endless baud in helical coils, and by
that means impart an elasticity to the hoop or bandwhich it would not other-
wise possess. The elastic hoops or bands thus made are intended more
particularly to be applied to ladies petticoats or the skirts of dresses,but bands
of this kind may also be used as an edging for some parts of ladies' bonnets
and of gentlemen's apparel, for the purpose of causing the same to keep or
assume any desired shape or form.
Having now described our Invention of improvements in the manufacture
of elastichoops, bands, and other analogous elastic articles applicable tovarious
parts of ladies and gentlemen'swearing apparel,and in the machineryemployed
in such manufacture." and having explained the manner of carrying the same
into effect, we claim the mode herein set forth of making elastic hoops, bands,
and other analogous elastic articles, and also the machinery above described,
or any mere modification thereof for making such elastic hoops and bands.
In witness whereof, we, the said William Warne, James Archibald
Jaques, and John. Americus Fanshawe, have hereunto set our hands
and seals, the Nineteenth day of April, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and sixty.
WM. WARNE.
JAS. A. JAQUES.
JOHN A. FANSHAWE.
(L.B.)
(L.S.).
(L.S.)