IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS TO BE USED IN CULTIVATING LAND WHEN STEAM POWER IS EMPLOYED
Year: 1869

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to David Greig, Robert Burton, and James Goźney,
and Thomas Atkinson, all of the Steam Plough Works, Leeds, in
the County of York, Engineers, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS
IN APPARATUS TO BE USED IN CULTIVATING LAND WHEN STEAM POWER IS
EMPLOYED."
Sealed the 26th October 1869, and dated the 28th April 1869.
We, DAVID GREIG, ROBERT BURTON, and JAMES GOZNEY, and
THOMAS ATKINSON, all of the Steam Plough Works, Leeds, in the
County of York, Engineers, do hereby declare the nature of the said

page_text: Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS TO BE USED IN CULTIVATING
LAND WHEN STEAM POWER IS EMPLOYED," to be as follows:-
When giving motion to cultivating implements by means of hauling
ropes actuated by a stationary engine or engines we so connect the
hauling ropes to the implement that the point of draught shall be
behind the centre of the steerage wheel by placing the bar or lever to
which the hauling ropes are connected a sufficient height to pass over
the top of the steerage wheel or by other means, and so arrange
this bar or lever that after swinging past a certain point it acts on the
steerage wheel to assist in turning the implement.
In constructing harrows to be drawn over the land by hauling ropes
we attach the harrow teeth to circular or other frames connected by
cranks and rods and by chains to a front and also a back harrow pole,
and having each a fixed stud placed considerably in advance of the real
centre of the frame, and the greater number of the teeth or tines being
behind the centre, which is also the point of draught, it follows that
when the harrows are drawn in one direction and steer out of the line
of draught, as at the end of each bout to get into fresh land, and the
opposite rope is then hauled on, the harrows will turn half round by
reason of the great resistance of the tines behind the centre.
When giving motion to tilling or cultivating implements by hauling
ropes we place a rope carrier on the implement with a horizontal hinge
and with a hooked end so contrived that when the implement is
working the tail rope slides up to the top of the hook, and then lifts up
the lever till the rope is above and clear of the implement.
In giving motion to draining ploughs by hauling ropes the hauling
rope is frequently passed around a pulley hooked on to the front of
the implement. According to this Invention we place a snatch block
on the frames of a draining plough, so as to be carried by and form
one piece with it; the snatch block we place in rear of the leading
wheel of the plough; rope porters mounted on wheels are now employed
for supporting the hauling ropes clear of the land. According to our
Invention we construct rope porters mounted on wheels, and with the
rope sheave carried on a slide, which can be raised or lowered as required,
according to the distance apart of the rope porter and the implement.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said David Greig, Robert Burton, James Gozney, and
Thomas Atkinson in the Great Scal Patent Office on the 28th
October 1869.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, DAVID
GREIG, ROBERT BURTON, and JAMES GOZNEY, and THOMAS ATKINSON,
all of the Steam Plough Works, Leeds, in the County of York,
Engineers, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-eighth day of April, in the year
of our Lord One thousand cight hundred and sixty-nine, in the thirty-
second year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give
and grant unto us, the said David Greig, Robert Burton, and James
Gosney, and Thomas Atkinson, Her special licence that we, the said
David Greig, Robert Burton, and James Gozncy, and Thomas Atkinson,
our executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as we, the
said David Grcig, Robert Burton, and James Gozney, and Thomas
Atkinson, our executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any
time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times
thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS TO BE USED IN CULTIVATING LAND WHEN
STEAM POWER IS EMPLOYED," upon the condition (amongst others) that
we, the said David Greig, Robert Burton, and James Gozney, and
Thomas Atkinson, our executors or administrators, by an instrument
in writing under our or their hands and seals, or under the hand and
scal of one of us or them, should particularly describe and ascertain the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to
be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Scal Patent
Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of
the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said David Greig and Robert Burton,
on behalf of ourselves and the said James Gozney and Thomas
Atkinson, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention, and
in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly

page_text: described and ascertained in and by the following statement thereof,
that is to say:-
The first part of this Invention relates to improvements in the con-
struction of cultivating implements to facilitate turning at the ends of
the bouts.
When giving motion to cultivating implements by means of hauling
ropes
actuated by a stationary engine or engines we connect the hauling
ropes to a bar or lever mounted on the implement, so that the point of
draught shall be behind the centre of the steerage wheel. When the
direction of draft is changed the bar or lever to which the hauling ropes
are connected swings round, passing over the top of the steerage wheel,
and after swinging past a certain point it acts on the steerage wheel and
directs it so as to assist in turning the implement.
0
In the annexed Drawings Figure 1 is a plan, and Figure 2 a side view
of a cultivating implement thus arranged.
a, a, is the frame of the implement carrying tincs at the points b, b,
Figure 1. The frame a is mounted on three wheels; the fore wheel e is
the steering wheel, and its axis is carried in bearings mounted on a ring
frame c', which is received into a corresponding ring at the front of the
frame a, metal balls being interposed between the frames to serve as
rollers. This method of carrying the steering wheel is that which we
prefer, but we do not claim it as our Invention, nor is it essential thereto,
but the steering wheel may be carried in any ordinary and convenient
manner which will admit of its turning freely about a vertical axial line.
The hinder wheels d, d, are carried by the cranked axle e, which is able
to turn in bearings on the frame a, but is held stationary when at work
until the implement arrives at the end of a bout, and then by turning it
by means hercin-after described, the wheels d, d, are depressed in respect
to the frame a, and so the tines are lifted out of the land. The driver of
the implement is carried upon the box or seat f, and he directs the course
by means of the steering wheel g, having on its axis a chain wheel g¹
over which a pitch chain passes, and its ends are fastened to the front of
the ring frame c¹. The ropes h, h', by which the implement is drawn to
and fro over the land arc fixed to the outer end of a lever i, which at
is mounted on a stud firmly stayed to the frame a. This lever when the
implement is at work will stand centrally or nearly so in the position in
which it is shown at Figure 1, but on arriving at the end of a bout when
the draft rope / is stopped and the rope h' is set in motion in the opposite

page_text: direction the lever i will be caused to swing round to the positions shewn
in dotted lines in Figure 1, and by so turning on its stud at it lifts the tines,.
the inner end of the lever being connected at x with a chain k, which
is also attached to a quadrant arm / fixed upon the axle e of the hinder
wheels d, and the axle being thus caused to turn in its bearings.depresses
the wheels, as already described. When the tines are lifted in this way
they are retained by a pawl or catch m dropping into the teeth. of the
quadrant, and the tines will not again enter the land until this pawl
is withdrawn by the lever handle n in connection with it, and which is
in close proximity to the driver's seat. The tines are thus kept out of
the land from the time the implement commences to turn until the turn
is complete. In order that the lever i in swinging over by the action of
the draft rope may draw the steering wheel cover with it, and in
returning may carry the wheel back, the ring frame c¹ is connected
by a link o with the lever i; this link at one end is jointed to the front
of the frame, and at its other it is able to slide freely for a distance
through the eye 3, which is mounted on the lever so as to be able to
turn upon it. o is a key passing through the link, and serving as a
stop to prevent it sliding through the eye further than is sufficient to
enable the lever to take the position shewn by dotted lines as the second
position. The steering wheel and the lever are then inclined to cach
other as much as they can be whilst moving independently, and whilst
the lever is less inclined the steering wheel is under the control of the
driver. As the lever i passes from the second to the third position (also
shewn in dotted lines), in consequence of tension on the rope, it draws
the steering wheel round with it, and at the same time engages with the
link by a projection on the lever entering the notch o' in the link o.
As soon as the steering wheel is drawn round the turning of the
implement commences, and is continued by the draft on the rope /¹
until the lever i is brought into a line with that rope, then the lever as
the implement goes on turning moves towards its second position, on
arriving at which it frces the steering wheel, and the driver is then able
to direct the implement on to the line along which it is to return, and
having done so he allows the tines to descend by drawing back the lever
handle n. p, p, are lugs at the corners of the frame a to receive wings
carrying other tines for widening the implement when it is required to
work on light soils.
.
We claim as respects this part of our Invention the connecting the

page_text: hauling ropes with a cultivating implement by means of a lever, which
when the motion of the rope is reversed swings round at first freely, and
then after passing a certain point acts on the steerage wheel and directs
it so as to assist in turning the implement, substantially as above
described,
Another part of our Invention relates to the rope carrier which
supports the return or tail rope at the side of the implement. When
giving motion to tilling or cultivating implements by hauling ropes
we place a rope carrier on the implement consisting of an arm or lever,,
with a horizontal hinge connecting it with the frame and with a hooked
or inclined end so combined that when the implement is working in
the process of turning the return or tail rope slides up to the top of the
hook or incline, and then lifts up the arm or lever to a position in
which it carries the rope above and clear of the implement. A rope
carrier constructed according to this part of our Invention is seen in plan
in Figure 1, and in front view at Figure 3. 8 is a stud fixed to the
frame, to which the arm or levert is pin jointed at t. When it is free
its weight causes it to take the position in which it is shown in full
lines in Figure 3, and its outer end is then close to the land. When in
turning the implement the tail rope comes against it it slides up until
it enters the groove in the guide pulley t* which the arm or lever t
carries. The tension of the rope then causes the arm or lever to riso
into the position shewn by dotted lines in Figure 3.
We claim as respects this part of our Invention the arranging on the
implement a rope carrier receiving the tail rope, and then rising by
the tension of the rope and lifting and carrying it clear of the imple,
ment, substantially as above described.
Another part of our Invention relates to the construction of harrows,
In constructing harrows to be drawn over the land by hauling ropes
we attach the harrow teeth to circular or other frames connected by
rods and chains to a front and also a back harrow pole. Each frame
has a fixed stud, which is the point of draft. It is placed considerably
in advance of the real centre of the frame, and there are on one side of
it a greater number of the teeth or tines than there are on the other
side. Hence it follows that when the harrows are drawn in one
direction and steered out of the line of draught as at the end of each bout
to get into fresh land, and the opposite rope is then hauled on the
E

page_text: harrows will turn half round by reason of the greater resistance of the
tines behind the centre.
Figure 4 is a side elevation of a harrow adapted to be drawn over the
land by ropes; Figure 5 is a plan of the same. a, a, is a rectangular
frame supported at its corners on wheels b turning on studs carried by
upright axes b', which at either end of the frame are coupled together
by cranks and connecting rods, as is shewn. There is a toothed arc c
upon one of the axes b' at either end, with which a screw gears, passing
to a steering wheel d, and the driver scated on the board e guides
the implement by the wheels d. Whichever way the implement is
travelling the leading wheels only are steered. ff, are harrow poles
fixed to the frame, and from them chains 9, 9, pass to rods or bars h, h;
is another rod or bar; it keeps the rods or bars h, h, cquidistant;
k, k, are the harrow frames with their tines or teeth k¹, and k are studs
fixed on these frames, and entering sockets in the rods or bars h, in
which they are able to turn. Thus the studs, as before described, form
centres about which the harrow frames' k are able to turn so as to keep
the centres of the frames always behind the draft studs. ³ are arms
fixed on the studs ; they are connected together by links 1, and
they compel the harrow frames to turn simultaneously so that they may
not come in collision the one with the other.
We claim as respects this part of our Invention harrows having tho
harrow teeth mounted on frames resting on the land and capable of turning
on studs, which are also the points of draft, such studs being in cach case
at a distance from the centre of resistance of the teeth, and the frames being
connected together so that they may turn simultaneously, substantially
as above described,
Another part of our Invention relates to giving motion to draining
ploughs,
In giving motion to draining ploughs by hauling ropes the hauling
rope is frequently passed around a pulley hooked on to the front of the
implement. According to this Invention we place a snatch block on
the frames of a draining plough so as to be carried by and form one
picce with it. The snatch block we place in rear of the leading wheels
of the plough.
Figure 6 is a side elevation, and Figure 7 is a plan of a drain plough
of this construction. a, a, is the plough beam or frame, the hinder

page_text: end of which when the plough is in action rests on the land; its forward
end is carried by an axle and a pair of wheels b, b. The axle is carried
in a fork c, in which it is fixed by the pin d, about which, however,
it is able to turn. The stem of the fork c is received into a socket at
the front of the beam or frame a, in which it is also able to turn;
e is a sickle-shaped lever fixed on the top of the pin d, and the steering
handle is jointed to it. The wheels can be locked, when desired, by
a pin e', which when dropped into its place prevents the arme and
pin d turning. 9 is a sheave turning on a stud on the beam or frame a;
the hauling rope passes around it, and is kept in its place by wooden
blocks; h, h, are guide pulleys on the ends of the axle to guide the
hauling rope; i is the coulter with the mole at its lower end so arranged
that the inclination of its point can be varied by a connecting rod,
screw, and nut, as is shewn. The dotted lines in Figure 6 indicate the
carriage and the apparatus for lifting the plough out of action.
We claim as respects this part of our Invention drain ploughs with a
snatch block or sheave for the hauling rope mounted on a stud fixed on
the frame in rear of the leading wheels of the plough, substantially as
hercin described.
Another part of our Invention relates to the construction of rope
porters. Rope porters mounted on wheels are now employed for sup-
porting the hauling ropes clear of the land. According to our Invention
we construct rope porters mounted on wheels and with the rope sheave
carried on a slide, which can be raised or lowered as required according
to the distance apart of the rope porter and the implement.
Figure 8 is a side elevation, and Figure 9 is a plan of a rope porter
thus constructed. a is a platform; it may be of wood fixed in front of
the axle b, on which are two wheels c; the third wheel d is central and
works in an opening in the platform; e, e, are two standards, which may
be made of bar iron; they carry at the top the pulley f, over which a
chain g passes to the frame h, which is mounted on the standards so as
to be able to slide on them. This frame carries the supporting pulley h',
on which the hauling rope rests. i is a winding barrel with a locking
pawl, it is carried in bearings bolted on to the standards e, and on it the
chain g
is wound more or less according to the height at which it is
desired to carry the pulley h' and the hauling rope passing over it.
We claim as respects this part of our Invention rope porters mounted

page_text: on wheels and with the rope sheave carried on a slide, which can be
raised and lowered, substantially as above described.
In witness whereof, we, the said David Greig and Robert Burton,
have hereunto set our hands and seals, this Twenty-sixth day
of October, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred
and sixty-nine.
DAVID GREIG.
(L.S.)
ROBT. BURTON. (L.S.)