IM- PROVED MEANS AND APPARATUS TO BE USED FOR BUDDING
Year: 1879

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Frederick William Garrard, Engineer, and Robert Ward,
Florist, both of Ipswich, in the County of Suffolk, for the Invention of "IM-
PROVED MEANS AND APPARATUS TO BE USED FOR BUDDING."
Sealed the 22nd August 1879. and dated the 26th February 1879.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Frederick William Garrard
and Robert Ward at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 26th
February 1879.
FREDERICK WILLIAM GARRARD, Engineer, and ROBERT WARD, Florist, both of
Ipswich, in the County of Suffolk. "IMPROVED MEANS AND APPARATUS TO BE
USED FOR BUDDING,"
The object of our Invention is to facilitate and give greater certainty of success
in the operation of budding, whether rose budding or the budding of other flower
or fruit trees.
A
In the ordinary process of budding the bud is cut off with a knife in such a
manner as to leave the eye intact, an operation requiring considerable skill.
transverse cut is then made in the bark of the stem or branch, into which the bud
thus cut is to be inserted, and from this transverse cut a longitudinal cut is made
of sufficient length to admit the bud. This transverse cut is objectionable, inas-
much that it arrests the flow of the sap and often causes a hard and injurious
excrescence at that spot. Further, the longitudinal slit or cut cannot be opened to
receive the bud without great danger of injuring the bark, except by very skilful
persons. The bud being inserted, there remains the tying up, which must be done
so as not to compress the bark too tightly and prevent its proper growth, while at
the same time closing it effectually against the admission of the atmosphere.
Our Invention relates to all these successive operations.
For the purpose of cutting off the bud we propose to use an apparatus consisting
of a frame to receive or be placed over the stem, and provided with a flat, conical,
or spherical cutting blade made to traverse on the said frame, the depth of cut being
regulated by suitably curveing the frame, or by any mechanical means, so that the
knife will take off the bud with just sufficient wood to protect the eye.
The instrument by which we propose to make a longitudinal cut in the bark for

page_text: the insertion of the bud, while dispensing with the usual transverse cut, will be
composed of a cutter preferably of a wedge shape; the body or stem of this cutter
being recessed on the under side and carrying on that side or part one, two, or more
pins or projections, a spring plunger passes through the stem or body, or other
suitable compressing device may be used, and we prefer to fork the rear end of the
said stem or body of the cutter for the purpose of giving free passage to and sup-
porting any part of the cut bud which might otherwise be unsupported. This fork
part is made so as to be enabled to nip the stalk.
In using this instrument the cut bud will be placed upon the pin, pins, or
projections; the point of the cutter will then be inserted into the bark, and as it is
pushed or drawn along its 'wedge shape will open the cut sufficiently to permit it
to carry the budding piece into the slit, and when the pin is sufficiently inserted
the spring plunger will be pressed down, and the pins or projections lifted from the
bud, which is now left in the slit beneath the cut bark, and firmly placed against
the stem; the cut bark may now be tied over the budding piece, and the operation
is then completed.
In lieu of using pins or projections on the under side of the body of the cutter we
may hold the cut bud between horizontal jaws following or in advance of the
cutter, opening or closing by any suitable device; or we may make the stem of the
cutter with a long slot to receive the upper part of the bud with nippers underneath
to grasp it by the stalk near the lower end, to hold the budding piece until
inserted.
We propose to substitute for the ordinary tying by bass or worsted, clips or
clamps of steel, or other suitable metal or wire, or of india-rubber, or of metal or
wire combined with a textile fabric partially or wholly encircling and grasping the
branch with a pressure that will yield to its growth.
Our instruments for cutting off the bud and that for inserting the bud may be
attached separately or in combination to any ordinary pocket or other knife by
screwing into its end or otherwise, or each may be mounted on a separate handle;
or our wedge cutter. alone might be applied to the handle of the ordinary knife or
budding knife.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Frederick William Garrard and Robert Ward in the Great Seal
Patent Office on the 25th August 1879.
FREDERICK WILLIAM GARRARD, Engineer, and ROBERT WARD, Florist, both of
Ipswich, in the County of Suffolk. IMPROVED MEANS AND APPARATUS TO BE
USED FOR BUDDING."
The object of our Invention is to facilitate and give greater certainty of success
in the operation of budding, whether rose budding, or the budding of other flower
or fruit trees.
In the ordinary process of budding the bud is cut off with a knife in such a

page_text: A
manner as to leave the eye intact, an operation requiring considerable skill.
transverse cut is then made in the bark of the stem or branch, into which the bud
thus cut is to be inserted, and from this transverse cut a longitudinal cut is made
of sufficient length to admit the bud. This transverse cut is objectionable, inas-
much that it arrests the flow of the sap, and often causes a hard and injurious
excrescence at that spot. Further, the longitudinal slit or cut cannot be opened
to receive the bud without great danger of injuring the bark, except by very
skilful persons. The bud being inserted, there remains the tying up, which must
be done so as not to compress the bark too tightly and prevent its proper growth,
while at the same time closing it effectually against the admission of the
atmosphere.
Our Invention relates to all these successive operations.
For the purpose of cutting off the bud we use an apparatus consisting of a fraine
to receive or be placed over the stem, and provided with a flat, conical, or spherical
cutting blade, made to traverse on the said frame, the depth of cut being regulated
by suitably curving the frame, or by any mechanical means, so that the knife will
take off the bud with just sufficient wood to protect the eye.
On the accompanying Sheet of Drawing Figure 1 is a plan view of an apparatus
embodying this part of our Invention; and Figures 2 and 3, elevation and section
of same applied to a stem.
a indicates the frame; b, curved guide on same to regulate depth of cut; c, pin
for fixing the frame upon the stem; d, the cutter; e, the handle of same; f, opening
for passage of stalk and bud.
This apparatus may he made of wood, ivory, ebonite, or any suitable metal or
material.
The instrument by which we make a longitudinal cut in the bark for the insertion
of the bud, while dispensing with the usual transverse cut, is composed of a cutter,
preferably of a wedge shape, the body or stein of this cutter being recessed on the
underside, and carrying on that side or part two or more pins or projections. A
spring plunger passes through the stem or body, or other suitable compressed device
may be used, and we prefer to fork the rear end of the said stem or body of the cutter
for the purpose of giving free passage to and supporting any part of the cut bud,
which might otherwise be unsupported, and this fork part is made so as to be
enabled to nip the stalk.
Figures 4, 5, and 6 of the Drawings show in plan, section, and side elevation an
instrument composed as we have just described.
g indicates the point of the cutter; h, recessed part of body of same; i, i, pins
for holding cut-bud; k, spring plunger; l, forked part of body of cutter.
In using this instrument the cut bud will be placed upon the pins or projections
i, i; the point g of the cutter will then be inserted into the bark, and as it is
pushed or drawn along, its wedge shape will open the cut sufficiently to permit it
to carry the budding piece into the slit, and when the bud is sufficiently inserted,
the spring plunger k will be pressed down and the pins or projections i, i, be lifted
from the bud, which is now left in the slit beneath the cut bark and firmly placed
against the stem. The dotted lines, Figure 5, show the position of the cutter when
the piston is down, releasing the bud therefrom. The cut bark may now be tied
over the budding piece, and the operation is then completed.
In lieu of using pins or projections on the underside of the body of the cutter,
we may hold the cut bud between horizontal jaws following or in advance of the
cutter, opening or closing by any suitable device; or we may make the stem of the
cutter with a long slot to receive the upper part of the bud with nippers under-
neath to grasp it by the stalk near the lower end to hold the budding piece until
inserted.
Instead of recessing the body of the cutter and using pins to hold the bud in
position therein, we may protect the back part of the bud by a sheath on the
cutter, in which the bud will be held by its own friction, or otherwise, while the
cutter is making the longitudinal cut which is to receive it.

page_text: We may substitute for the ordinary tying by bass or worsted clips, or clamps of
steel, or other suitable metal, as shown, Figs. 7 and 8, or of wire, or of india-rubber,
or of metal, a wire combined with a textile fabric partially or wholly encircling or
grasping the branch with a pressure that will yield to its growth, as shown, Figs. 9
and 10, m indicating opening for passage of bud.
"
Our instrument for cutting off the bud, and that for inserting the bud, may be
attached separately, or in combination to any ordinary pocket or other knife by
screwing into its end, or otherwise; or each may be mounted on a separate handle;
our wedge cutter might be applied to the handle of the ordinary knife, or the
budding knife.
Figure 11 shows a knife screwthreaded at one end of the handle to receive the
apparatus for cutting off the bud, or the inserting instrument.
Figure 12, a knife with inserting instrument, drawn full size, screwed on to it.
Figure 13 shows a knife with wedge shaped cutter at the end n of the handle ;
but we might place a wedge shaped cutter at the end of the blade, made of one
piece with it, if found more convenient.
Figures 14 and 15, show a wedge shaped cutter with stem for screwing on to any
knife or handle.
Figure 16 shows a rotary cutter o, with wedge shaped opener ? following it.
Having now described and ascertained the nature of our said Invention, and in
what manner the same is or may be performed, we desire it to be understood that
we do not limit ourselves to the precise shape and construction of the apparatus
and instruments above described, and shown on the accompanying Sheet of
Drawing, as such may be greatly modified while still retaining the characteristic
features of our Invention, which in its entirety constitutes a novel system of
budding, and that
We claim, as secured to us by the hereinbefore in part recited Letters Patent,―
Firstly. The use of an apparatus, whereby the depth of the cut in the cutting of
the bud is regulated, substantially as herein before described.
Secondly. The use of an instrument for inserting the bud, whereby the usual
transverse cut is dispensed with, and the bud mechanically inserted in the longi-
tudinal cut made by the instrument, without injury to the bark, substantially as
hereinbefore sot forth.
Thirdly. The use of a wedge shaped cutter for making and opening the longi-
tudinal cut to receive the bud, whether the bud be placed in this cut by hand or
mechanically, and whether the cutter be carried by a knife-blade, a knife-handle,
or otherwise.
Fourthly. The use of the mode of tying up the bud when inserted, substantially
as hereinbefore described and illustrated, Figs. 9 and 10 of the Drawings.
Fifthly. The use of the several apparatus and instruments and means abovo
described in combination, as forming by their successive operations an improved
system for budding, substantially as described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Robert Ward, for myself and on behalf of
my Co-patentee, have hereunto set my hand and seal, this Twenty third
day of August, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and
seventy nine.
ROBERT WARD. (L.S.)