matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN RAISING SUBMERGED SHIPS OR VESSELS
Year: 1878

page_text: "
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Park at the Office of the Com-
missioners of Patents on the 14th October 1878.
HENRY PARK, of Cambridge Villas, Wandsworth, in the County of Surrey.
IMPROVEMENTS IN RAISING SUBMERGED SHIPS OR VESSELS."
My Invention has for its object raising ships or vessels sunk by accident, or
collision, or by other means.
In carrying out my Invention I adopt mainly the following arrangements:-
A pontoon is preferably formed like a dish cover, to which catches are attaclied.
At the top of the pontoon a hole or opening is made, to pass from the outside to
the inside.
Pipes are employed through which air is sent from an engine for that purpose,
and four or other suitable number of pipes are connected with buckets at what may
be considered the corners (internally) of the pontoon. If the said pontoon is let
down into the water by a crane or other suitable means, and made fast at the catches
to ends of chains which pass underneath the vessel, and air is forced through the
tube or pipe into the pontoon, the pontoon when full of air would exert such a
power on each of the chain ends as well as supporting its own weight.
If a number of these pontoons were placed above the ship, running lengthways
from side to side of the ship, then their united power would (when air had been
pumped in) give such power as to raise the ship or vessel, but in this case the ship
would be in unstable equilibrium. To remedy this I attach to the buckets pre-
viously mentioned india-rubber tubes, so that the water can go through the buckets
and to the level of the top of the water above immediately after the pontoon is let
down. When the air is forced into the pontoon the buckets and pipe being full of
water, the said water will rise in a column above the top of the water as much as
the level of the water in the pontoon is below the level of the water in the bucket ;
or tubes containing mercury can be used, and indication given by the rise of the
mercury, the indication being in accordance with the relative pressure of the water
on the mercury.
The pontoons may be attached in various forms, but I prefer to use the fol-
lowingTo the pontoon on one side chains are secured.

page_text: To the last link of each chain a wire rope is passed through, one end being
attached to the lips of the pontoon on the other side; the other ends pass up to the
surface, and are actuated by windlass or other means, by which the chains are drawn
under the ship, and when the pontoon is in position engage in a catch provided for
that purpose, and thus the pontoon is securely held to the ship. In some cases
instead of chains arms in the form of callipers may be used. The ends will grip
the sides of the ship when in position.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LOCK AND LATCH CASES, BOLTS, HINGES, AND SIMILAR ARTICLES OF IRONMONGERY
Year: 1878

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Horace Chavasse, of Birmingham, in the County of
Warwick, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN LOCK AND LATCH CASES,
BOLTS, HINGES, AND SIMILAR ARTICLES OF IRONMONGERY."
Scaled the 18th April 1879, and dated the 23rd October 1878.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Horace Chavasse at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 23rd October 1878.
HORACE CHAVASSE, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick. "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN LOCK AND LATCH CASES, BOLTS, HINGES, AND SIMILAR ARTICLES OF
IRONMONGERY."
This Invention consists in covering with a thin sheet of brass or other metal the
face or front plate of the cases of iron locks and latches, the case or barrel of bolts,
and the face and knuckles or joints of hinges, by lapping the brass or other metal
over the iron in such a way as to make the articles appear as if they were made
of solid metal, at the same time protecting the iron from rust when the articles
are in use.
When I cover the face of padlocks and such like articles I prefer cutting out a
thin piece of metal the required form and fixing it to the face of the lock by rivet,
solder, or other means instead of turning it back over the edges.

page_text: This Invention consists in covering with a thin sheet of brass or other metal-the
-cases-of-iron-locks and latches, the case or barrel of bolts, the face and knuckles or
joints of hinges, and the face of similar articles of ironmongery, such as angle clips
for boxes, door plates, and letter box plates, by lapping the brass or other metal over
the iron in such a way as to make the articles-appear-as-if-they were made of
solid metal, at the same time protecting the iron from rust when the articles are
in use.
When I cover the face of padlocks I prefer cutting out a thin piece of brass or
other metal the requisite form and fixing it to the lock by rivets, solder, or other
means instead of turning it back over the edges.
Having thus described the nature of the said Invention and the manner in which
the same is to be performed, I claim the improvements in lock and latch cases, bolts,
hinges, and similar articles of ironmongery, as herein more fully set forth and
specified.
In witness whereof, I, the said Horace Chavasse, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this Twenty-second day of April, in the year of our Lord Onc
thousand eight hundred and seventy-nine.
(L.S.)
HORACE CHAVASSE.
IMPROVEMENTS IN GALVANOMETERS
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Eugen August Obach at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 22nd August 1878.
EUGEN AUGUST ОBACH, of No. 2, Maple Villas, Charlton, in the County of
Kent. "IMPROVEMENTS IN GALVANOMETERS."
For measuring electrical currents, particularly such as are of considerable power,
it is usual to employ an instrument in which a magnetic needle is pivotted or
suspended on a vertical axis within a vertical meridian ring or coil forming part of
the electric circuit.
My Invention relates to apparatus of this kind, and consists in improvements in
their construction, having for their object to render one instrument of fixed
dimensions suitable for measuring currents of very varying strength. For this
purpose instead of making the meridian ring or coil fixed I mount it on horizontal
bearings, one at each side of the needle dial, or on a separate frame parallel thereto,
so that it can be turned to various degrees of inclination from the vertical.
If when the ring or coil is in its vertical attitude the instrument is suitable for
measuring moderate electrical currents by causing moderate deflections of the needle
for very strong currents I have only to turn the ring or coil to such a degree of
obliquity that the resultant deflecting force on the needle is of moderate amount.
I provide a graduated scale with an index and a setting screw, so that I can
read the degree of obliquity to which the ring or coil is set, and the fraction of the
full deflecting force resulting from that obliquity.
I poise the needle on an axis, so that it cannot dip, but can move only in the
horizontal plane, and for this axis an elastic fibro or fine wire may be employed.
Although I have above described the apparatus with the needle mounted on a
vertical axis, it is to be understood that a similar arrangement of parts applies
when the axis of the needle is horizontal or inclined, the ring or coil through
which the electric current passes being for the purposes mentioned made adjustable
to various degrees of inclination to the axis of the needle, whatever attitude that
axis may have.
MENTS IN APPARATUS FOR LIGHTING AND HEATING
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Ancell Ball at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 20th August 1878.
ANCELL BALL, of Spalding, in the County of Lincoln, Physician.
MENTS IN APPARATUS FOR LIGHTING AND HEATING."
"IMPROVE-
My Invention relates to the use of indestructible wicks for lighting and heating
purposes; also to the employment in combination with such indestructible wicks
when they are used for heating purposes of a peculiar stove or apparatus whereby
an apartment or apartments or other places may be warmed with pure air admitted
from the exterior, and rendered warm and moist by its passage through the
apparatus into the said apartments or places.
My improved indestructible wick is composed of one or more substances of a
porous nature, and possessing the property of capillary attraction or absorption,
such, for example, as what is known as American mineral wool, slag wool, or
silicated cotton, asbestos, spongy iron, pumicestone, a bundle of minute metallic
fibres or rods secured together for the purpose of creating capillary attraction,
silicate of carbon, metallic filings, sand, silicate of potash (glass) pulverized, and the
like.
The wick or wicks is or are enclosed in a case or separate cases, and raised or
lowered with the case or cases by the aid of the wheel and ratchet ordinarily
employed.
When used for lighting purposes any usual or suitable facilities may be employed
in combination with the wick or wicks and its or their case or cases so as to form
a lamp of convenient construction.
When the wicks are to be employed for heating purposes I prefer to use them in
combination with my improved stove, next herein-after described.
I arrange any required number of the wicks with their cases in a portable lamp,
which is placed in a chamber or grate communicating with a chimney or flue for
the purpose of carrying off vitiated air. Around this chamber I form an annular or
other passage or passages, into which pure air is admitted from the exterior, and
along which such air is conducted into a hot-air stove or ehamber above. This
stove or chamber is fitted in its interior with partitions, projecting alternately from
Price 2dl

page_text: its opposite sides so as to cause the air to follow a zig-zag or circuitous course, and
it is provided on its exterior with gills for the conduction and radiation of heat.
The heated air is conducted by suitable flues into the apartments or places to be
warmed, and vessels or receptacles for containing water, Eau de Cologne, ozone, or
other disinfectauts are arranged along the passage of the heated air, or, by pre-
ference, near its exit, so that the air shall enter the apartments or places in the
condition of hygrothermic pure air, thus providing a warm, humid, pure air, or a
summer's atmosphere during the winter months.
The hot-air stove or chamber may be made to form hobs for the reception of
culinary utensils.
A single apparatus may be used to warm two rooms by arranging it in the
partition wall.
A NEW OR IMPROVED WATERPROOF POLISH FOR PRESERVING HARNESS AND OTHER LEATHER ARTICLES
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel Nelis at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 10th December 1878.
SAMUEL NELIS, of the City and County of Londonderry, Ireland. "A NEW OR
IMPROVED WATERPROOF POLISH FOR PRESERVING HARNESS AND OTHER LEATHER
ARTICLES."
This Invention has reference to a new or improved dark or black waterproof
polish or varnish for being applied to the surface of harness and other leather
articles for their preservation, made from a new and special combination of
ingredients or substances, and which has a better appearance, besides saving much
labour in its use, and being more efficient and durable in all states of the weather
than the polishes or varnishes heretofore employed for the like purposes. And the
nature and novelty of the Invention consists essentially in the making or manu-
facturing of the polish or varnish all as follows:-The ingredients are,-
Two pounds of gum shellac dissolved in
One gallon of methylated spirits, with
Six ounces of gum camphor, well stirred or shaken; then mix therewith
Four ounces of lamp black; stir again and add
Two ounces of Prussian blue finely powdered.
The whole is then thoroughly shaken or mixed, and strained through a fine
strainer, and filled into any sized bottles desired, and tightly corked as quickly as
possible to prevent evaporation of the spirit. The shellac gives body to the polish,
which otherwise would be too glossy; the camphor neutralizes the smell of the
alcohol, and the lamp black and Prussian blue give the deep blue black colour
desiderated.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PHOTOGRAPHIC CAMERAS
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Gerard Wenzeslaus von Nawrocki
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 12th October 1878.
A communication from August Stegemann, of Berlin, in the Empire of
Germany.
GERARD WENZESLAUS VON NAWROCKI, of the Firm of J. Brandt and G. W. von
Nawrocki, Patent Agents, of 124, Leipziger Strasse, Berlin, in the Empire of
Germany. "IMPROVEMENTS IN PHOTOGRAPHIC CAMERAS." A communication from
August Stegemann, of Berlin, in the Empire of Germany.
The improvements relate to instantaneous shutters for closing the object glasses
of photographic cameras, and consist of one or more discs or plates of metal or other
convenient material arranged for moving vertically, horizontally, or round à point
when desired, but normally by means of a spring or equivalent device fixed to
cover the glass or glasses of the camera, and to be drawn aside or apart by a string
or suitable contrivance when it is desired to use the camera for photographing.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BRAKES
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Wiseman at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 26th November 1878.
WILLIAM WISEMAN, of Cornhill, in the City of London and County of Middlesex,
Civil Engineer.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN BRAKES."
The improvements consist in the use and introduction of sand or other analogous
substance in conjunction with and within an annular chamber, in which is revolved
a blade or blades actuated by the axle of the carriage wheel when in motion, said
sand being normally confined and held in a chamber or chambers furnished with
valves and ports for the emission and admission of the sand, said valves being
operated by electricity or mechanically, the whole formning a brake, when the
attendant puts the valves into operation by opening the ports situated in the said
chamber, whereupon the sand passes into the outer cylinder through its ports, and
there encounters the revolving blades fixed to the axle of the carriage, and where
their motion is arrested by the rush of sand impinging on and clogging said blades.
IMPROVEMENTS IN OR APPLICABLE TO PILLAR AND OTHER LETTER BOXES, BALLOT BOXES, MONEY TILLS, AND OTHER SIMILAR RECEPTACLES, TO PREVENT THE SURREPTITIOUS WITHDRAWAL OF THE CONTENTS
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Lees and Frederick Leech
Leech at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 8th July 1878.
THOMAS LEES and FREDERICK LEECH LEECH, both of Seedley, near Manchester,
in the County of Lancaster. "IMPROVEMENTS IN OR APPLICABLE TO PILLAR AND
OTHER LETTER BOXES, BALLOT BOXES, MONEY TILLS, AND OTHER SIMILAR
RECEPTACLES, TO PREVENT THE SURREPTITIOUS WITHDRAWAL OF THE CONTENTS."
In performing our Invention, say as applied to letter boxes, we affix an incline
immediately behind the slide or opening through which the letters are introduced,
and over which incline the letters must necessarily slide in order to fall into the
letter box, and at the lowest extremity of this incline we arrange a door hinged at
a suitable angle, and so connected by a suitable arrangement of connecting links
and levers to the flap of the letter box that by the action of opening the flap of the
letter box the door is closed against the incline, and only opens again with the
closing of such flap. It thus becomes impossible to have such door and flap open at
the same instant, and hence, when a letter has once fallen off the incline, its with-
drawal from the letter box is rendered utterly impracticable.
This Invention is equally applicable to ballot boxes, money tills, and other
similar receptacles.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR SAVING LIFE
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Arthur John Goulstone at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 18th October 1878.
ARTHUR JOHN GOULSTONE, of 73, Offord Road, Barnsbury, in the County of
Middlesex, Land Agent.* "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR SAVING LIFE."
This Invention relates to improvements by means of which life-saving apparatus
or floats can also be utilized as articles in common use on board ship.
My life-saving apparatus or float is made in the shape of a hammock, the lining
of which is made of tick or other suitable material, and it is stuffed with kelp
(sea weed) or powdered cork, so as to obtain the greatest possible amount of
buoyancy.
The float or hammock is made in two parts, each half being of the shape of
a semi-ellipse bounded by the longest diameter.
The two halves (which are bordered with rope) are united along the diameter so
as to be capable of folding. When folded, the hammock therefore assumes the shape
of a semi-ellipse, and when unfolded into a plane it forms an ellipse. Round the
circumference of the hammock rope handles are placed at intervals.
When in use for reclining purposes, the hammock is suspended by means of the
rope handles so that the diameter along which the two halves are united is hori-
zontal or at an inclination to suit the wants of the occupant. In case of shipwreck
or other accident the hammock or float being thrown overboard, by reason of its
buoyancy becomes a means of support; persons can cling to the rope handles and
thus be kept afloat.
I also attach handles to life belts, cushions for chairs, deck chairs, & stools.
The chairs should be made as buoyant as possible, and I advocate the use of cork
in their construction.
I am aware there is no novelty in this use of cork, nor do I claim as part of my
Invention any particular method of inflating the life belts or cushions for chairs,
but merely the application to them of the handles.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MEANS FOR SIGNALLING ON BOARD SHIP
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Cruikshank Pulford and Henry
James Billing at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 19th October
1878.
GEORGE CRUIKSHANK PULFORD, Merchant, and HENRY JAMES BILLING, Doctor of
Medicine, both of 77, Cannon Street, in the City of London.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN
MEANS FOR SIGNALLING ON BOARD SHIP."
The Invention has for its object improvements in means for signalling on board
ship in order to indicate to an approaching vessel the direction in which the ship is
being steered. For this purpose I fix at any convenient and proper height on a
mast or on other convenient support a lamp, the color of which is preferably red.
On suitable guides either vertical or horizontal, preferably the latter, I mount a
moveable lamp, preferably with a white light, and by tackle or other suitable con-
nections I connect the said moveable lamp either to the helm or to other operating
means so that as the rudder is moved so will the moveable lamp be shifted in
position by such rudder or by a suitable handle or other means from any part of the
ship and thus indicate to an approaching vessel the direction in which the vessel is
being steered.
By causing the said lamps to give light in both directions orders may also be
signalled to the helmsman in what direction to steer.
The moveable light may be made self-acting by being operated by connections
from the helm or rudder as before stated, or it may be operated by the captain or
other person in charge of the same from any part of the ship.
A NEW OR IMPROVED OVEN FOR CONTINUOUS BAKING
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Walter Brierley at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 23rd September 1878. A communication
from abroad by Auton Turtenwald, of Vienna, in the Empire of Austria;
Engineer.
WALTER BRIERLEY, of Halifax, in the County of York, Patent Agent. "A NEW
OR IMPROVED OVEN FOR CONTINUOUS BAKING." A communication from abroad by
Auton Turtenwald, of Vienna, in the Empire of Austria, Engineer.
This Invention relates to a new and improved oven for continuous baking con-
sisting in a circular or straight arrangements of a various number of single ovens or
hearths (preferably in series of threes) heated by external fire place. The flues are
so arranged as to adjust the heat proportionately to all the ovens or hearths, the
ovens or hearths being hermetically closed by iron door, &c.
The several flues are arranged so as to secure complete circulation and defusing
of the heat by means of return flues, these being then connected with the main or
exit flue and chimney. In connection with each oven or baking hearth is used a
swelling apparatus consisting of a number of pebble stones upon or over which water
is squirted; the steam arising therefrom swells the bread and also absorbs pernicious
gases, which are conducted to the extreme of the ovens and discharged by way of
the chimney. The use of the steam produces a thin fine crust. The bread to be
baked being placed upon a car and tramway running round the whole series of the
ovens when circular oven is used, or upon slides when other than circular form of
oven used. When the oven described is to be used for "field" or army uses there
is a secret damper arranged in the flues so as to render the oven unavailable by an
enemy.
In ovens or hearths as heretofore constructed not having the steam applied as
described the carbonic acid is not withdrawn from the bread, alchol is induced, and
by oxydation of alchol acetic acid is produced and the bread is unwholesome.
THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES IMITATING BRONZE IN HOLLOW INDIA-RUBBER, HARDENED AND COPPERED, OR GALVANIZED, AND THEN BRONZED, GILDED, PLATED, OR OTHERWISE DECORATED
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Schoenfeld and André Romain
Guilmet at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 23rd March
1878.
JOSEPH SCHOENFELD and ANDRÉ ROMAIN GUILMET, aîné, of Boulevard Saint
Denis, 1, at Paris, Manufacturers. "THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES IMITATING
BRONZE IN HOLLOW INDIA-RUBBER, HARDENED AND COPPERED, OR GALVANIZED,
AND THEN BRONZED, GILDED, PLATED, OR OTHERWISE DECORATED."
Our Invention has for object the manufacture of articles in hollow hardened
india-rubber, coppered by galvanoplastic (electro-metallurgy), so as to imitate
bronze d'art, and capable of being gilded, nickeled, silvered, bronzed, or otherwise
decorated.
We proceed as follows:-We commence by moulding the article of supple india-
rubber to the definitive desirable form by ordinary means, and after that we harden
it completely by any of the processes usually employed for the purpose.
The article so moulded and hardened is then fettled, polished, and even chiselled,
if its nature allows it, it is then scraped, if needed, so as to give it an even surface, and
then coated with black lead or plumbago (plumbagine), or other process, as is ordi-
narily done in galvano-plastic (electro-metallurgy) so as to render it conductor, and
consequently able to receive the galvanic deposit.
The article is placed in the bath where it is galvanized, and a deposit of copper
or brass more or less thick is obtained on its whole surface, or even in proceeding
by fractions of its surface some parts may be obtained with a red deposit, and some
with a yellow deposit, according to the nature of the article. It can then be
bronzed by the usual processes, and a perfect imitation of the articles in bronze
will be thus obtained. It is also ornamented or decorated by any of the ordinary
processes of nickeling, silvering, gilding, bronzing, and the like.
The articles so made have quite the appearance of bronze nickeled, gilded, or
silvered, and they have also the advantage of being very light and of a very low
price. They are strong and sufficiently elastic to support repeated shocks without
being bruised or dented.

page_text: It will be understood that by this process we can make all kind of objects in
imitation of bronze, such as statuettes, groups, vases, lamps, subjects for clocks, and
the like.
So as to readily understand the importance of our Invention a comparison must
be made.
If a group is to be produced in a solid mass of india-rubber, the material being
dear, the net cost will exceed the price of the bronze; but if to be produced in thin,
hollow, hardened india-rubber, its net price will then become even lower than that
of zinc.
Besides this, the hollow india-rubber being produced by a dilation or expansion 1
of the air in the interior of the articles, the details of the mould will be perfectly
reproduced, and after the india-rubber is hardened and bronzed it imitates perfectly
groups in bronze.
IMPROVEMENT IN THE CORES OF MOULDS FOR CASTING HOLLOW CYLINDERS OF COPPER
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Gibbins at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 31st October 1878.
JOHN GIBBINS, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Manufacturer
AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE CORES OF MOULDS FOR CASTING HOLLOW CYLINDERS OF
COPPER."
My Invention has reference to the cores of moulds for casting hollow cylinders of
copper, which hollow cylinders are afterwards by rolling or drawing converted into
tubes of the kinds required in commerce, or used for rollers for printing fabrics or
applied to such other purpose as seamless hollow cylinders of copper are or may
be applied to.
In constructing a mould for casting hollow cylinders of copper I form the outer
part of the mould by preference of copper or cast iron. The core or central part
of the mould supported in the axis of the outer part of the mould, and against
which core the interior of the casting is formed, I make of metal, preferably of
steel or iron.
In making the said core I take a strip of metal and draw it into a tubular form,
the edges of the metal overlapping.
When the casting of copper has been effected in a mould having a core of the
kind described the metal on cooling and solidifying contracts upon the core, but
in consequence of the clasticity of the core it offers little resistance to the con-
traction of the metal, and the said core can be readily withdrawn from the cool
casting.
The casting obtained is homogeneous and free from the porosity or sponginess
which is produced when cores of sand or loam are employed, and the said
casting may be readily converted into a tube of small diameter by rolling and
drawing.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF TILES AND APPA- RATUS THEREFOR
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Henry Murray at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 27th September 1878.
CHARLES HENRY MURRAY, of Loman Street, Southwark, in the County of
Surrey, Engineer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF TILES AND APPA-
RATUS THEREFOR."
My Invention has for object improvements in the manufacture of tiles and appa-
ratus therefor.
A stream of clay when issuing from the die of a tile-moulding machine, such as a
pug mill or expressing rollers, travels faster at the centre than at the sides, owing
to friction at the sides of the die and moulding box; this causes the stream of clay
to "rag" and break, rendering it unsuitable for cutting into tiles. To correct this
I apply checks at the inner side of the die immediately above and below the opening
forming the die, such checks presenting to the stream of clay frictional surfaces
extending inwards from the central parts of the top and bottom of the orifice and
gradually diminishing (from the centres of the top and bottom) towards the sides
of the orifice.
The depth of check at the centre may vary according to the plasticity of the
clay. The extra depth of surface through which the clay has to pass being duly
proportioned will cause the intermediate portions of the stream to travel at the
same speed as the sides.
In making plain roofing tiles I cause streams of clay to issue through orifices
constructed to form continuous projections or flanges along the streams of clay, so
that on subdividing the streams tiles will be produced, each having at its end a
continuous nib.
MENTS IN MONKEY WRENCHES OR ADJUSTING SPANNERS
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Wilhelm Junge at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 11th March 1878.
WILHELM JUNGE, of Brenscheid, near Breckerfield, Westphalia.
MENTS IN MONKEY WRENCHES OR ADJUSTING SPANNERS."
"IMPROVE
My Invention relates to improvements in monkey and other wrenches, and
consists in arrangements to proportionally extend or prolong the neck or lever part
of the wrench whenever the mouth of the wrench is opened, this prolongation being
automatically performed in such a manner that the wrench being applied on a
large nut the lever part or neck is considerably longer than in working upon a
small nut; thus, in unscrewing a large nut, which requires greater exertion, the
extended lever or neck greatly helps the power of the hand, while with small uuts.
comparatively but little force is required.
The said object may be attained by means of two screw threads of equal or of
different pitch, and in carrying, the said Invention into practice I provide the arms
or bars to which the two jaws are attached, turning one in another, with screw
thrends. The inner arm or bar to which the upper extended jaw is attached is
hollow, and the hole is tapped. A screw bolt fastened to a forked or slotted pivot
gears with the said tapped holes; the outer arm or bar of the lower stationary jaw
has an outside thread, upon which the cylindrical handle, tapped inside, is screwed;
this handle is fastened to the said forked pivot by a rivet passing through the slot.
In a modification of my said Invention a different pitch of thread is used; this
latter construction is very simple, consisting of three main parts only. Both the
said arms or bars of the jaws have an outside thread, each gearing with a corre-
sponding female thread inside the cylindrical handle. The thread of the arm or bar
of the lower stationary jaw has only about half the pitch of that of the upper
extended jaw.

page_text: If the handle be screwed to the left it will slide down upon the arm or bar of the
lower jaw, the latter thus projecting from the handle, and forming an extended
neck or lever. At the same time the upper jaw will be run out for the difference
of the pitch between the two different screw threads. By this extension the mouth
of the wrench is opened, and the neck prolonged proportionally.
IMPROVEMENTS IN OR APPLICABLE TO STEAM BOILERS
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Neale May at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 11th December 1878.
CHARLES NEALE MAY, of the Firm of Brown and May, of Devizes, in the
County of Wilts, Engineers. " IMPROVEMENTS IN OR APPLICABLE TO STEAM
BOILERS."
My Invention relates partly to the furnaces of steam boilers and has reference to
improvements in or applicable to the chimneys of the same, whereby the sparks
carried upwards with the.ascending products of combustion are effectually arrested
and extinguished by the employment of devices of simple and inexpensive con-
struction and which are not liable to become obstructed or put out of order.
In carrying out my Invention as applied to the chimney of a portable engine
(for example) I suspend in the chimney stump a hollow cone the base of which is
upwards and arranged by preference at or about the place at which the chimney.
is connected to the stump, and so as to fit the interior of the latter, whilst the apex
This hollow cone is
is situate immediately over the mouth of the blast pipe.
divided, that is to say, a portion of the body of the cone between the apex and the
base is removed, leaving thus a small hollow inverted cone immediately over the
blast pipe and a hollow inverted frustum of a cone above in the chimney stump, the
two parts being however connected together so that the small cone will be supported
by the frustum above.
By means of the arrangement herein before described the steam issuing from the
blast pipe passes around and impinges upon the small hollow cone and conducts
any sparks which may have been carried up with the products of combustion
beneath the annular hood formed by the exterior of the hollow frustum above
and the interior of the chimney stump, at the same time completely extinguishing
such sparks, whilst the products of combustion pass up through the interior of the
hollow frustum and escape by the chimney in the usual manner.
The small hollow cone is perforated in its sides so as to admit of the steam
entering and passing through it in order to prevent the formation of a vacuum

page_text: at its base which would otherwise take place and impair the action of the
apparatus.
If desired one or more additional hollow frustums of cones may be arranged in
the chimney either above or below the hollow frustum hereinbefore referred to.
The whole of the frustums or cones may be either fixed or movable as found most
convenient.
I conduct the jet of live steam employed for cleaning the tubes as described in
the Specification to former Letters Patent granted to me, dated the 20th March
1876, No. 1192, and the jet of steam sometimes employed for accelerating the draft
into the ordinary blast pipe, or I arrange such jets in such a position that the steam
shall issue beneath and impinge upon the hollow cone situate over the mouth of the
blast pipe as herein before described. I prefer to take the jet of steam for cleaning
the tubes from the steam chest of the engine after it has passed the regulator, or
from another valve so arranged that the jet can only be used when the engine is at
work.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR COMBING WOOL AND OTHER FIBROUS SUB- STANCES
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Hainsworth, Samuel Hains-
worth, and Charles Pearson at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on
the 1st May 1878.
JOSEPH HAINSWORTH, Blacksmith, SAMUEL HAINSWORTH, Mechanic, and CHARLES
PEARSON, Engineer, all three of Bradford, in the County of York. "IMPROVEMENTS
IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR COMBING WOOL AND OTHER FIBROUS SUB-
STANCES."
"
Our Invention consists in the application to Noble's" combing machines or
other similar combing machines of frames fixed to the heads of the pillars of
the small inner circular combs; these frames support the overhanging ends of the
pillar shaft, preventing the vibration of the shaft and the thumping of the "dabbing
brush." Within the frames work excentrics, having small fly wheels, which are
keyed and secured on the shaft.
The excentrics actuate excentric rods, which work the "dabbing brush "
up and
down, giving by these means a steady and regular action to the "dabbing brush,"
producing a great saving in the wear and tear of the brushes. For this purpose we
fit side brackets to the pillar head of the small inner circular comb; these brackets
are secured to the heads by bolts and nuts, or by screws. The brackets are made
curved outwards to leave room within the brackets for the working of the fly wheel.
The fronts of the brackets are made with lugs, on which is secured a front plate,
which forms the frame. In the centre of the front plate is cast a boss, which is
fitted with a brass bush, and in which works the end of the pillar shaft, and which
steadies the shaft, allowing the comb to run with greater speed and more steadily.
On the pillar shaft we key an excentric, having a fly wheel cast on the side or
fixed thereon. The excentric is made with an opening in the top to balance the
excentric, and the excentric, besides being keyed to the shaft, is secured by a screw
and nut to prevent the excentric moving out of working position. Over the
excentric works an excentric ring, which is fixed by a lug on an excentric rod; this
rod is made at the end with a jaw, in which fits a boss formed on a guide rod,
which works up and down in bushed bosses cast on a bracket, which is secured to
[Price 2d1

page_text: the side of the pillar. The end of the guide rod is formed with a flange, to which
is fixed the "dabbing brush."
We may employ, instead of the guide rod, guides fitted to brackets, in which
works up and down a slide, having at the bottom end a flange, to which is fixed
the "dabbing brush." By these means we prevent the thumping of the brush and
produce an easy and effective pressure on the fibres.
IMPROVEMENTS IN VALVULAR MECHANISM FOR AIR-MOVED RAILWAY BRAKES
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Dugald Drummond at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 3rd April 1878.
DUGALD DRUMMOND, of Cowlairs, in the County of Lanark, North Britain,
Engineer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN VALVULAR MECHANISM FOR AIR-MOVED RAILWAY
BRAKES."
This Invention has for its objects simplicity and economy in the construction of
the valvular mechanism of air-moved railway brakes, together with thorough
efficiency and certainty in action, and diminished liability to derangement.
In a modification of the improved mechanism suitable for the air brake system, in
which the admission of compressed air to cylinders causes the application of the
brakes, two compound piston valves fixed to one spindle and of slightly different
areas are fitted to work in a cylindrical valve box which has five communications,
one at the top, two at the side, and two at the bottom. The top communication and
one of the bottom ones is with the auxiliary or carriage reservoir, and the other
bottom one is with the train pipe, whilst one of the two side ones is with the brake
cylinder, and the other with the atmosphere. The lower piston valve is the larger
of the two, and when the valves are in their highest position narrow conical faces
forned round their upper edges bear on counterpart conical seats formed in the box.
The valves are held up in their highest position, which is their normal one, by a
spring, and when in that position the communication to the brake cylinder is below
the upper valve. The piston parts of the valves are packed with metal rings, or
with cup leathers. A check valve is fitted in the communication leading from the
bottom of the box to the carriage reservoir.
The brakes are put into action by reducing the pressure in the train pipe, the
check valve of each carriage reservoir preventing the return of the compressed air
therein; and this compressed air then acting on the upper piston valve forces it
down below the communication with the brake cylinder, and acts in the latter. To
take off the brakes compressed air from the main reservoir or pumps is admitted to
the train pipe, and, acting on the lower piston valve, noves it and the upper one up
again, being able to do so because of the difference in the areas; and then the air in
Drine 11

page_text: the brake cylinder escapes through the valve box, and the communication with the
atmosphere.
Instead of the separate pipe or communication between the bottom of the valve
box and the auxiliary or carriage reservoir the spindle of the two piston valves may
be made tubular and have a check valve fitted in it.
The improved mechanism may be adapted for the air-brake system, in which the
admission of compressed air to the cylinders causes the brakes to be taken off, by
transposing the top communication with the auxiliary or carriage reservoir and the
communication with the atmosphere.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PORTABLE GEAR FOR DRIVING AGRICULTURAL OR MACHINERY." OTHER
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Michael Shillito at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 1st January 1878.
MICHAEL SHILLITO, of Altoft's Hall, Normanton, in the County of York, Engineer.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN PORTABLE GEAR FOR DRIVING AGRICULTURAL OR
MACHINERY."
OTHER
This Invention relates to an improved apparatus for applying the power exerted
by one or more horses or other animals to the driving of agricultural or other
machinery or implements; the special object being the making of such apparatus
more readily fixed or removed, and so as to occupy less space while at work, and
so that the strain on the animal or animals can be altered mechanically, according
to their weight, or according to the work required to be done by them.
Instead of the gear being actuated, as is now the common practice, by the animals
travelling round in a race or circular path, I place the animal or animals on an
endless web or chain which passes over an axle in front, and also over a similar
axle behind the animal, one (or both) of which axles being caused to revolve by the
exertion of the animal in trying to move forward, which it is unable to do, as it is
held back by chains or otherwise attached to the framework of the machine.
To enable the animal to develope more or less of its power, according to the work
required, I raise or lower one of the axles which supports or is driven by the
endless web on which the animal stands. On either end of one or both of these
axles I place a pulley or wheel for driving or communicating motion to the
machine or implement requiring it.
To make this improved gear easily portable, I mount it on two or more travelling
wheels, which there is no necessity to remove when setting it to work. It is very
easily fixed ready for work, because the whole weight of the gear and the animal
driving it is useful for keeping it in position.
I also arrange and combine my Invention with an inclined plane or web for
elevating straw or sheaf corn or other products, the same to be driven by my
improved gear, but carried on the same wheels and axles.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SLIDE VALVES
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles John Galloway and John
Henry Beckwith at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the
23rd November 1878.
CHARLES JOHN GALLOWAY and JOHN HENRY BECKWITH, both of Knott Mill
Iron Works, Manchester, in the County of Lancaster. "IMPROVEMENTS IN SLIDE
VALVES."
Our Invention relates to slide valves for governing the ports or passages leading
to and from the ends of the cylinder or cylinders of steam, hydraulic, or other
fluid pressure engines, our object being to provide a slide such as will, by a simple
movement of revolution or partial revolution, open and close the ports in due order,
the motion being such as to cause uniform wear of the rubbing surfaces, and means
being provided for relieving the pressure on these surfaces.
For this purpose we
make the slide in the form of a disc with a cavity in its lower face, and we give it
a movement of revolution or partial revolution round a centre, which does not
coincide with the centre of the disc, the disc itself being free to rotate round its
own axis. Owing to this combination of motions different parts of the disc are
moved over the various parts of the facing on which it works, so as to cause
uniform wear. We make the outlines of the ports arcs of circles preferably
corresponding with the curvature of the slide itself, so that their opening and
closing may be as rapid as possible, and we arrange the eduction passage centrally,
so that it is always open to the cavity of the slide. Instead of making the slide
and the facing on which it works flat, we sometimes make them of spherical
curvature, either convex or concave. For the purpose of relieving the pressure of
the slide on the face on which it works we support the centre of the slide on a
stud, pivotted at the one end in the eduction passage, and at the other end in the
slide itself in such a manner that while it is supported on its one pivot it is free

page_text: to revolve thereon along with the slide. Either of the pivot bearings may be
formed in a piece free to slide as a piston, and subject to the pressure of the
working fluid, so that the amount of relief is proportioned to that pressure; other-
wise the slide may be supported on the crank pin which works it, or on a collar of
that pin, the crank axis being subject to the pressure of the working fluid.
VENTILATOR AND CHIMNEY POT
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Ewart at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 20th November 1878.
GEORGE EWART, of 340, Euston Road, London, Zinc Worker.
VENTILATOR AND CHIMNEY POT."
"
AN IMPROVED
My Invention consists of the apparatus herein after described, which said apparatus
Inay either be fixed on the top of a pipe used simply for ventilating or upon the top
of a chimney to prevent the wind from blowing down the same, and to increase the
up current.
The said apparatus consists of two open cones placed with their bases towards
each other, but at a suitable distance apart. The lower cone is fitted towards its
apex with a pipe of the size of the shaft on which the ventilator is to be placed.
The upper cone is left open towards its apex; but above the opening, and at a dis-
tance regulated by the shape of the coue, is placed a flat plate supported by rods
resting on the cone, the said plate being of diameter sufficient to prevent rain from
falling into the opening. Outside the opening between the bases of the two cones
is placed a ring of suitable depth. The size of this ring and the distance between
it and the circumference of the cones, as well as the other dimensions not stated
above, are regulated by the diameter of the aforenamed ventilating shaft.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE FURNACES OF STEAM BOILERS
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Hoyle and Joseph Lee
Wrigley at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 29th March
1878.
EDWARD HOYLE and JOSEPH LEE WRIGLEY, both of Sowerby Bridge, in the
County of York. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE FURNACES OF STEAM BOILERS."
This Invention relates to such furnaces as are constructed with a travelling grate
of the kind employed in Jucke's furnace, and our improvements consist in fixing
the said travelling grate so that it can be easily withdrawn from the flue and
replaced when it is required to do so. For this purpose we fix to each side of the
flue an angle iron bearer, which bearers support two hollow boxes mounted on
pullies or runners. These boxes can be secured to the sides of the flue by means
of a nut passing through a slot. These hollow boxes serve as bearers, and receive
the axes of the fluted rollers which carry the revolving grate.
When it is desired to withdraw the grate the two holding nuts have to be taken
out and the grate and boxes can be withdrawn from the flue. Behind the grate I
fix a dead plate composed of brick and iron, which is adjustable by angle lever and
rods from the front of the furnace.
The fuel passes over the dead plate, and also over one or more tubes or pipes
placed across the flue through which the water circulates.
In combination with the above described arrangement we employ a feeding
hopper having a shaft, which carries wipers or pushers for forcing the fuel on to
the grate, by which combination we can supply the fuel and keep the grate
stationary, besides being at all times better able to regulate the feed.
IMPROVEMENTS IN UPRIGHT OR COTTAGE PIANOS
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Ernest de Pass at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 21st February 1878. A communication from
abroad by Messieurs Hölling and Spangenberg, of Zeitz, in the Empire of
Germany, Pianoforte Makers."
ERNEST DE PASS, of Fleet Chambers, 68, Fleet Street, in the City of London,
A com-
Patent Agent. "IMPROVEMENTS IN UPRIGHT OR COTTAGE PIANOS."
munication from abroad by Messieurs Hölling and Spangenberg, of Zeitz, in the
Empire of Germany, Pianoforte Makers.
According to this Invention the back of the piano is provided at the back of the
sounding board with a second system or set of strings in order to produce a
strengthening of the sound. The position of the wrest plank of this second system
or set of strings corresponds with the wrest plank of the ordinary strings of the
front in such a way that the back strings harmonise, and thus cause a swelling and
sustaining of the sound.
The sounding board is regulated in its vibrations by the pressure of the two
corresponding wrest planks, and thus the tone is caused to be fuller, and more
capable of fine gradations.
The forte pedal is arranged with a double action, and at the first part of the
movement it lifts the dampers off the harmonising back strings, and at the second
it in the usual way removes those of the front strings.
By the arrangement of this second system or set of strings on the back of an
upright or cottage piano an equalisation in the tension of the sounding board and
the regulating of the vibrations by the two corresponding wrest planks lying upon
each other is obtained.