IMPROVEMENTS IN TREATING CERTAIN SUBSTANCES FOR FOOD AND FOR MANURE
Year: 1869

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James Dewar, Doctor of Medicine, residing at
Kirkcaldy, in the County of Fife, in North Britain, for the In-
vention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN TREATING CERTAIN SUBSTANCES FOR FOOD
AND FOR MANURE"
Sealed the 7th September 1869, and dated the 12th July 1869.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James Dewar at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
12th July 1869.
I, JAMES DEWAR, Doctor of Medicine, residing at Kirkcaldy, in the
County of Fife, in North Britain, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN TREATING CERTAIN SUBSTANCES FOR FOOD
AND FOR MANURE," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in treating hop refuse or spent hops and beet or
beetroot refuse or spent beet so as to render them more economically and
usefully available for food for animals, and at the same time to preserve
them in a condition suitable for food and for manure. I take hops in
the condition in which they are after they have been used for the
purpose of making beer or other potable liquors, in which condition

page_text: they are commonly called hop refuse or spent hops, and I desiccate
them by exposure to the action of hot air. I also take the solid bect
or beetroot refuse or spent beet as left in the process of distilling from
beet or beetroot and left also in the process of sugar making from bect
or beetroot, and I desiccate the same as above described. The hop and
beetroot refuse are thus rendered very palatable and useful as food for
animals. By this treatment they are brought (especially when ground)
into a condition in which they continue preserved for the purposes of
food or for manure for a considerable length of time. The substances
so treated can be used as food either separately or mixed with each
other or mixed with any other food. They also form a valuable manure
either soparately or mixed together, or mixed with any artificial or
other manure.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said James Dewar in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 11th January 1870.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JAMES
DEWAR, Doctor of Medicine, residing at Kirkcaldy, in the County of
Fife, in North Britain, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Vietoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twelfth day of July, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-nine, in the thirty-
third year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give
and grant unto me, the said James Dewar, Her special licence that
I, the said James Dewar, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or
such others as I, the said James Dewar, my executors, administrators,
and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time
to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed
should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands,
and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN TREATING CERTAIN
SUBSTANCES FOR FOOD AND FOR MANURE," upon the condition (amongst
others) that I, the said James Dewar, my executors or administrators,
by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands
and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the

page_text: said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and
cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters:
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said James Dewar, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement :-
The nature of my Invention consists in treating hop refuse or spent
hops and beet or beetroot refuse or spent beet so as to render them
more economically and usefully available for food for animals, and at
the same time to preserve them in a condition suitable for food and for
manure.
The manner in which my Invention is to be performed is as follows:
-I take hops in the condition in which they are after they have been
used for the purpose of making beer or other potable liquors, in which
condition they are commonly called hop refuse or spent hops, and I
desiccate them by exposure to the action of hot air or by any of the
other various processes for drying substances now in use. I find it a
convenient method of sufficiently desiccating the substance to put it into
a pan or shallow vessel like the vessel known in Scotland as a brose
girdle used for drying beans and peas preparatory to their being ground
into meal. In this vessel or girdle heated either by steam or by being
placed over a fire or stove the substance is stirred until it is dried,
care being taken not to allow it to be scorched. I also take the solid
beet or beetroot refuse or spent beet as left in the process of distilling
from beet or beetroot, and also in the process of sugar making from beet
or beetroot, and I desiccate the same as above described. The drying
or desiccation of the spent beet intended to be used for food is greatly
facilitated by mixing it with dry seeds, chaff, or straw (chopped or
ground), or other like substances previous to being dried. The hop and
beetroot refuse are by the treatment above described rendered very
palateable and useful as food for animals, and are brought (especially
when ground) into a condition in which they continue preserved for the
purposes of food for a considerable length of time. The substances so
treated can be used as food either separately or mixed with each other,
or mixed with any other food suitable for cattle. They also after sucli
treatment form a valuable manure, which will continue in a sound and

page_text: inoffensive condition for a long period of time. They may be used for
manure either separately or mixed together, or mixed with liquid manure
or with other artificial manure.
Spent hops and spent beet have already been used or suggested for
food and for manure, I do not therefore claim the application of these
substances to these purposes, except when treated according to my
Invention; but what I claim.as the Invention to be secured by the said
Letters Patent is, the treatment of these substances by desiccation, and
their application when so treated for the purposes of food and of manure
as above described.
In witness whereof, I, the said James Dewar, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Eighth day of January, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy.