AN IMPROVED METHOD AND ARRANGEMENT OF APPARATUS FOR SCOURING OR CLEANING WHEAT, RICE, OR OTHER GRAIN, WHEREBY THE WEIGHT OR PRESSURE OF THE GRAIN IS PULLY UTILISED
Year: 1875

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James Higginbottom, Engineer, and Edward
Hutchinson, Rice and Corn Miller, both of Liverpool, in the
County of Lancaster, for the Invention of "AN IMPROVED METHOD
LETTERS PATENT to James Higginbottom, Engineer, and Edward
Hutchinson, Rice and Corn Miller, both of Liverpool, in the
County of Lancaster, for the Invention of "AN IMPROVED METHOD
AND ARRANGEMENT OF APPARATUS FOR SCOURING OR CLEANING WHEAT, RICE,
OR OTHER GRAIN, WHEREBY THE WEIGHT OR PRESSURE OF THE GRAIN IS
PULLY UTILISED.”
Sealed the 21st August 1875, and dated the 11th March 1875.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James Higginbottom
and Edward Hutchinson at the Office of the Commissioners of
Patents, with their Petition, on the 11th March 1875.
We, JAMES HIGGINBOTTOM, Engineer, and EDWARD HUTCHINSON, Rice
and Corn Miller, both of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED
METHOD AND ARRANGEMENT OF APPARATUS FOR SCOURING OR CLEANING WHEAT,
RICE, OR OTHER GRAIN, WHEREBY THE WEIGHT OR PRESSURE OF THE GRAIN IS FULLY
UTILISED," to be as follows:-
:-
The objects of this Invention are, first, to enable the processes of
scouring or cleaning grain to be accomplished in a more perfect and

page_text: certain manner than has hitherto been attained; and secondly, to
perform the processes of scouring or cleaning the grain in such manner
as to insure that the breakage shall be reduced to a minimum.
In all grain scouring or cleaning machines at present in use a con-
siderable proportion of the grains pass through such machines without
having sustained much scouring or cleaning action.
Also a proportion of the grains in passing through such machines are
broken and otherwise damaged by the action of the machines.
Also all such machines, so far as we know, receive the grain from a
hopper, spout, or box, the grain being admitted continuously or inter-
mittently through a regulating slide, or other mechanical equivalent,
fitted in such hopper, spout, or box, at a definate rate, dependent upon
the area of the opening of such slide, the function of the slide being to
admit the grain at a given rate, such as experience shows to be the best
to suit the capabilities of the various machines. The grain after passing
the slide falls or is thrown or led into the machines, where it receives
a scouring or cleaning action according to the varied construction of
such machines; but the scouring or cleaning portions of such machines
are never in direct communication with such hopper, spout, or box.
After passing such scouring or cleaning portion of the machine the
grain is driven or allowed to pass or fall out from the machines, and is
in no way checked in its passage. The result of such arrangement being
that in all cases the scouring or cleaning portion of such machines is
only partially filled with grain, and such grain is therefore liable to be
dashed about and broken, while a proportion of the grain passes through
without being acted upon. We therefore have devised a method by
which these defects may be remedied or reduced to a minimum.
To accomplish or obtain the before-mentioned objects of our Invention
we do away entirely with the regulating slide between the hopper box
or spout and the chamber in which the scouring or cleaning takes place,
and we employ a regulating slide or other mechanical equivalent at the
discharge opening of such scouring or cleaning chamber, such slide
being used for the purpose of allowing the grain to leave the machine at
any definate rate, dependent on the area of opening caused by the slide.
The effect of this slide is to cause the chamber in which the scouring
or cleaning action takes place to be kept entirely full of grain and in

page_text: METHOD AND ARRANGEMENT OF APPARATUS FOR SCOURING OR CLEANING WHEAT,
RICE, OR OTHER GRAIN, WHEREBY THE WEIGHT OF PRESSURE OF THE GRAIN IS
FULLY UTILIZED," upon the condition (amongst others) that we, the said
James Higginbottom and Edward Hutchinson, our executors or admi-
nistrators, by an instrument in writing under our, or their, or one of
their hands and scals, should particularly describe and ascertain the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be
performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent
Office within six calendar mouths next and immediately after the date
of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said James Higginbottom and Edward
Hutchinson, do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention, and in
what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described
and ascertained in and by the following statement, reference being had
to the accompanying Drawings and to the figures and letters of reference
marked thereon:-
-
In all grain scouring or cleaning machines hitherto in use the action
is such that many grains become broken or pass through without having
been sufficiently scoured.
In the old form of machine the grain descends into the scouring
chamber from a hopper or box above, the feed being regulated by a valve
or slide in that passage leading to the scouring chamber. After being
scoured or cleaned the grain is allowed to pass or fall out from the
machines without being in any way checked in its exit. The result of
such arrangement is that in all cases the scouring chamber is only
partially filled with grain, and such grain is liable to be dashed about
and broken, while a proportion of the grain passes through without
being acted upon. Our Invention is designed to remedy these defects
or to reduce them to a minimum.
To accomplish these objects we do away entirely with the regulating
slide between the hopper, box, or spout, and the scouring or cleaning
chamber, and in lieu thereof employ a regulating slide or other
mechanical equivalent at the discharge opening of such scouring or
cleaning chamber, such slide being used for the purpose of allowing
the grain to leave the machine at any definite rate, dependent on the
area of opening left by the slide. The effect of this slide is to cause the

page_text: direct communication with the receiving hopper, spout, or box, thus
causing a head or pressure of grain inside such chamber. Such pressure
being exerted in all directions the grains are kept in close contact with
each other, the internal faces of the chamber, and the revolving scourer
or cleaner. This close contact ensures that such grains cannot be
dashed about and broken, and the contact with the revolving scourer or
cleaner imparts a revolving motion to the grain inside the chamber,
such revolving motion of the grain being in the same direction as the
revolving scourer or cleaner. This revolving motion of the grain is
retarded by the friction of the grain against the internal faces of the
chamber, and this combined with the passage of the grain through the
machine brings all the grains in contact with the revolving scourer or
cleaner, and thereby the scouring or cleaning of the grain is effected in
a much superior manner than heretofore.
5 SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said James Higginbottom and Edward Hutchinson in
the Great Seal Patent Office on the 11th September 1875.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, JAMES
HIGGINBOTTOM, Engineer, and EDWARD HUTCHINSON, Rice and Corn
Miller, both of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, send grecting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Eleventh day of March, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-five, in the thirty-
eighth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Ier heirs and successors,
give and grant unto us, the said James Higginbottom and Edward
Hutchinson, Her special licence that we, the said James Higginbottom
and Edward Hutchinson, our executors, administrators, and assigns, or
such others as we, the said James Higginbottom and Edward Hutchinson,
our executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with,
and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the
term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise,
and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland,
the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "AN IMPROVED

page_text: s
by means of a slide, valve, or their mechanical equivalent, placed in the
discharge pipe. .
oil w
In witness whereof, we, the said James Higginbottom, and Edward
Hutchinson, have hereunto set our hands and seals, this Ninth
day of September, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight
hundred and seventy-five.
A
041
JAMES HIGGINBOTTOM., (L.S.)
EDWARD HUTCHINSON. (L.S.);
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