Improvements in or connected with Apparatus for Drawing-off or · Retailing Fermented Beverages.
Year: 1891

page_text: 1
Date of Application, 25th Sept., 1891
Complete Specification Left, 4th May, 1892-Accepted; 24th Sept., 1892
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in or connected with Apparatus for Drawing-off or
· Retailing Fermented Beverages.
We, FREDERIK CARL CHRISTIAN ISHÖY, and HENRIK PERSJON LINDEROTH,
Manufacturers, of 134, Blegdamsvei, Copenhagen, in the Kingdom of Denmark,
do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
".
Our invention has for its object, to retail fermented liquors by means of a method.
and apparatus which possess or ensure the following principal features;
Great cleanliness, economy of pressure fluid, and facility for, regulating the
pressure of the carbonic acid acting on the liquid in the cask.
In order to ensure cleanliness, we draw the beer directly from the cask
through the ordinary draw-off or retailing tap, while the pressure fluid is admitted
through the bung hole, thus avoiding a beer conduit from the cask to the retailing
tap, besides the advantage of having the entire retailing apparatus under the eyes.
of the customers.
To ensure economy of carbonic acid, we keep the pressure of carbonic acid
acting on the liquid in the cask as low as possible by expanding it in several
stages and using an automatic reducing valve which can be regulated to the desired:
pressure.
Apparatus, in which the reservoir for carbonic acid (or other pressure fluid) is
in direct connection with the cask or barrel must necessarily work with a higher
pressure than the minimum temporarily admissible, in order that the pressure may
suffice in all cases, and as the loss of pressure fluid in the cask is proportional to
the difference between the pressure in the cask and that of the atmosphere much
carbonic acid is wasted under ordinary circumstances.
In the accompanying drawings
Fig. 1 is an elevation of an intermediate reservoir for pressure fluid (1) together
with a reducing valve embodying our invention.
Fig. 2 is a general view of the whole apparatus showing its connection with
the cask.
Fig. 3 is a vertical and Fig. 4 a horizontal section of a pressure reducing valve.
1 represents a carbonic acid flask or cylinder which supplies the main reservoir 2.
An intermediate reservoir is either combined with the main receptacle 2 and
separated from the same by a partition, like the receptacle in Fig. 2, or it is formed
as a separate vessel mounted on the reducing valve, like the reservoir +¹ indicated
in Fig. 2 by dotted lines.
♥ is a reducing valve, provided with a foot ƒ and mounted on a table close to the
cask. y represents the cask, provided with an ordinary retailing tap 1 and a car-
bonic acid inlet or coupling a. 3 is an auxiliary pipe for conducting carbonic acid
to the intermediate reservoir without passing through the main reservoir, if this
should be desired.
The reservoir or ¹ is connected with the high pressure chamber of the
reducing valve t, while the cask is connected with the low pressure chamber of
the same.
A second reducing valve » may be placed between the flask 1 and the
reservoir 2 or between the said flask and the auxiliary pipe 3, as represented
by Fig. 2.
If a reducing valve v³ is used, the main reservoir 2, may be omitted.
Supposing that the intermediate reservoir (r) is mounted on the main receptacle 2,
the carbonic acid flows from the cylinder 1 first into the receptacle 2 through pipe c,

page_text: then into the smaller receptacle through pipe c', and thence into the pipe 4
leading to the high pressure chamber of the reducing valve (the pipe connecting
the reservoir with the pipe 4 is not shown in the drawing, except under the
assumption, that is a three-way.cock).
2'
The valve is adjusted in such a manner, as to maintain in its low pressure
chamber, and consequently in the cask, the minimum pressure allowable in the cask
under the existing circumstances.
The pressure fluid therefore expands first in the receptacle 2, then in the
receptacle (second stage of expansion) and finally in the reducing valve v and
cask (third stage of expansion).
If we employ, instead of the intermediate vessel r, a vessel r¹ mounted on the
reducing valve v, the receptacle which may be called an air vessel, communicates
with the high pressure chamber of the valve v. In this case carbonic acid passes
from the vessel 2 directly into the pipe 4 leading to the high pressure chamber of
the valve v. Or, if it is desired to supply the valve v temporarily with a higher
pressure, than that contained in the receptacle 2 the pressure fluid is led from the
pipe e into the pipe 3 and thence into the pipe 4, while communication with the
main reservoir 2 is cut off by the cocks.
The capacity of the reserve receptacle or r is so calculated, that the same is
able to supply, during the night and when the cask is nearly full, the minimum
pressure necessary for keeping it charged with carbonic acid.
The reducing valve v, which may be connected with several casks at the same
time, automatically maintains in the cask or casks the minimum pressure during
the whole night.
After the retailing has been completed, it is not necessary, to charge the whole
of the main reservoir 2; in some cases we prefer to fill the vessel only through
the conduit 3, without using the main reservoir 2.
The reducing valve is preferably constructed in the manner represented by
Figs. 3, 4 and 1, and hereafter described.
p is the high pressure chamber, p¹ the low pressure chamber, e the valve
spindle which carries at its lower end the regulating valve situated in the high
pressure chamber, while the upper end is connected with the flexible mem-
brane o by means of a screw joint. The lower side of the membrane is exposed
to the pressure of the carbonic acid contained in the low pressure chamber, and
the upper side to the pressure of an india rubber ball l. The latter carries a cup
shaped plate n which receives the pressure of a regulating screw and transmits it
to the ball. By turning the screw k, the ball I may be compressed more or less
and thereby the pressure on the top of the diaphragm o varied according to the
pressure of carbonic acid which it is desired to maintain in the low pressure
chamber or in the cask.
The valve casing is preferably round and cast solid, without any channel
therein, so that a considerable number of junctions may be formed radially around
the valve, and their order or succession may be varied according to requirements.
The junction openings may be connected, either with the low pressure chamber p',
through a hole drilled radially, or with the high pressure chamber p, through a
hole bored obliquely (Fig. 3). In this manner, various fittings inay be mounted
on the valve, and the latter forms a single central regulating apparatus adapted to
meet all requirements.
For instance, the air vessel r, together with its pressure gauge m', is pre-
ferably placed at the top, Fig. 1, while on the right of the same may be placed
a safety valves, as well as a high pressure cock h, and on the opposite side
a low pressure cock h¹, a pressure gauge m² for low pressure, and at the base a
foot f
In Fig. 4 the radial sockets for the fittings are marked with the same letters as
the corresponding fittings shown in Fig. 1.
To prevent dust and other solid matter from settling upon the valve seat, a filter
may be used, consisting of a sieve-like cap a, which is surrounded with a cylindrical

page_text: wick c of cotton, or other textile fabric, and rests upon a packing disc d. The
necessary pressure upon the packing disc is produced by a screw plug 9 through
the intermediary of an indiarubber disc g².
Dated this 25th day of September 1891.
FAIRFAX & WETTER,
Agents for the Applicants.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in or connected with Apparatus for Drawing-off or
Retailing Fermented Beverages.
We, FREDERIK CARL CHRISTIAN ISHÖY and HENRIK PERSJON LINDEROTH,
Manufacturers, of 134 Blegdamsvei, Copenhagen, in the Kingdom of Denmark, do
hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to
be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-
In retailing fermented beverages, such as beer by means of carbonic acid under
pressure, it is necessary, to promote the greatest cleanliness, and to avoid waste of
carbonic acid.
The first object may be attained by reducing as much as possible the length of
beer pipes or conduits, and the second by keeping the beverage cool and under low,
but constant pressure.
Another and likewise important desideratum is, to be always able to impart to
the cask, when retailing, the pressure needed according to circumstances, such as
the temperature of the beverage in the cask and the carbonic acid it contains; and
that this pressure should be under the constant control of the barman, so that it can
be altered at will and then retained at the desired height.
In order to ensure cleanliness, we draw the beer directly from the cask through
the ordinary draw-off or retailing tap, while the pressure fluid is admitted through
the bung hole, thus avoiding a beer conduit from the cask to the retailing tap,
besides the advantage of having the entire retailing apparatus under the eyes of
the customers.
To ensure economy of carbonic acid, we keep the pressure of carbonic acid
acting on the liquid in the cask as low as possible, by expanding it in several
stages and using an automatic reducing valve which can be regulated to the
desired pressure.
Apparatus, in which the reservoir for carbonic acid (or other pressure fluid) com-
municates directly with the cask or barrel, must necessarily work with a higher
pressure than the minimum temporarily admissible, in order that the pressure may
suffice in all cases, and as the loss of pressure fluid in the cask is proportional to
the difference between the pressure in the cask and that of the atmosphere, much
carbonic acid is wasted under ordinary circumstances.
In the accompanying drawings,
Fig. 1 is an elevation of an intermediate reservoir for pressure fluid (11), together
with a reducing valve v embodying our invention.
Fig. 2 is a general view of the whole apparatus showing its connection with the
cask.
Fig. 3 is a vertical and Fig. 4 a horizontal section of a pressure reducing valve.
1 represents a carbonic acid flask or cylinder which supplies the main reservoir 2.
An intermediate reservoir is either combined with the maiu receptacle 2 and
separated from the same by a partition, like the receptacle r in Fig. 2, or it is
formed as a separate vessel mounted on the reducing valve, like the reservoir
indicated in Fig. 2 by dotted lines.
is a reducing valve, provided with a foot and mounted on a table close to the
cask. y represents the cask, provided with an ordinary retailing tap and a
carbonic acid inlet or coupling c. 3 is an auxiliary pipe for conducting carbonio

page_text: :
acid to the intermediate reservoir r³, without passing through the main reservoir,
if this should be desired.
The reservoir
or is connected with the high pressure chamber of the
reducing valve r, while the cask is connected with the low pressure chamber of
the same.
A second reducing valve may be placed between the flask 1 and the
reservoir 2, or between the said flask and the auxiliary pipe 3, as represented by
Fig. 2.
If a reducing valve v' is used, the main reservoir 2, may be omitted.
Supposing, that the intermediate reservoir (r) is mounted on the main receptacle 2,
the carbonic acid flows from the cylinder 1 first into the receptacle 2 through pipe c,
then into the smaller receptacle through pipe c', and thence into the pipe 4,
leading to the high pressure chamber of the reducing valve (the pipe connecting
the reservoir with the pipe 4 is not shown in the drawing, except under the
assumption, that is a three way cock).
The valve v is adjusted in such a manner, as to maintain in its low pressure
chamber, and consequently in the cask, the minimum pressure allowable in the
cask under the existing circumstances.
The pressure fluid therefore expands first in the receptacle 2, then in the
receptacle (second stage of expansion) and finally in the reducing valve v and
cask (third stage of expansion).
If we employ, instead of the intermediate vessel r, a vessel ¹ mounted on the
reducing valve v, the receptacle », which may be called an air vessel, communicates
with the high pressure chamber of the valve t. In this case carbonic acid passes
from the vessel 2 directly into the pipe 4 leading to the high pressure chamber of
the valve v. Or, if it is desired to supply the valve temporarily with a higher
pressure than that contained in the receptacle 2, the pressure fluid is led from the
pipe e into the pipe 3 and thence into the pipe 4, while communication with the
main reservoir 2 is cut off by the stop cocks.
The capacity of the reserve receptacle r or r' is so calculated, that the same is
able to supply, during the night and when the cask is nearly full, the minimum
pressure necessary for keeping it charged with carbonic acid.
may
The reducing valve v, which be connected with several casks at the same
time, automatically maintains in the cask or casks the minimum pressure during
the whole night.
After the retailing has been completed, it is not necessary, to charge the whole
of the main reservoir 2; in some cases, we prefer to fill the vessel
the conduit 3, without using the main reservoir 2.
only through
The reducing valve is preferably constructed in the manner represented by
Figs. 3, 4 and 1, and hereafter described.
p is the high pressure chamber, p' the low pressure chamber, e the valve spindle,
which carries at its lower end the regulating valve situated in the high pressure
chamber, while the upper end is connected with the flexible membrane o by means
of a screw joint. The lower side of the membrane is exposed to the pressure of
the carbonic acid contained in the low pressure chamber, and the upper side to the
pressure of an indiarubber ball 1. The latter carries a cup shaped plate n, which
receives the pressure of a regulating screw and transmits it to the ball . By
turning the screw k, the ball may be compressed more or less, and thereby the
pressure on the top of the membrane o varied according to the pressure of
carbonic acid, which it is desired to maintain in the low pressure chamber or in
the cask.
The valve casing is preferably round and cast solid, without any side channel
therein, so that a considerable number of connections may be made radially around
the valve, and their order or succession may be varied according to requirements.
The radial openings or sockets may be connected, either with the low pressure
chamber p', through a hole drilled radially, or with the high pressure chamber p
through a hole bored obliquely (Fig. 3). "In this manner, various fittings may be

page_text: mounted on the valve, and the latter forms a central regulating apparatus adapted
to meet all requirements.
For instance, the air vessel r', together with its pressure gauge m², is pre-
ferably placed at the top, Fig. 1, while on the right of the same may be
placed a safety valves, as well as a high pressure cock h, and on the opposite
side a low pressure cock h³, a pressure gauge m³ for low pressure, and at the
base a foot f
In Fig. 4 the radial sockets for the fittings are marked with the same letters as
the corresponding fittings shown in Fig. 1.
To prevent dust and other solid matter from settling upon the valve seat, a filter
may be used, consisting of a sieve-like cap a, which is surrounded with a cylindrical
wick a' of cotton, or other textile fabric, and rests upon a packing disc d. The
necessary pressure upon the packing disc is produced by a screw plug 9, through
the intermediary of an indiarubber disc g'.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what we
claim is: :-
1. A method of retailing beer or other fermented beverages with expansion of
the pressuré fluid in several stages, which consists in conducting the pressure fluid,
on its way to the cask or casks, to an air vessel or intermediate expansion chamber,
which may be charged either from the main pressure reservoir (2) or independently
of the same, directly from the source of pressure fluid (carbonic acid cylinder 1),
regulating the pressure of the fluid by an adjustable reducing valve (v) and causing
it to act on the contents of the cask from the top, while the beer (or other liquid)
is allowed to flow through the draw-off cock, substantially as described and for
the purposes specified.
2. In apparatus for retailing or drawing off fermented beverages, or for supplying
pressure fluid to the same, the combination of the carbonic acid conduit leading to
the cask or casks, with an air vessel cr intermediate reservoir (r or r¹), and an adjust-
able pressure reducing valve inserted between the air vessel and the cask and
adapted to operate substantially as described.
3. The combination of a reservoir or cylinder for carbonic acid or similar pressure
fluid, with a pressure reducing valve having distributed on its circumference a
series of openings or radial sockets for high and low pressure pipes, pressure
gauge and similar fittings, some of which openings lead to the high pressure
chamber and the rest to the low pressure chamber of the valve, substantially as
described.
4. A pressure reducing valve constructed as described with high pressure
chamber P₂ low pressure chamber p', indiarubber ball l, regulating screw k, and
sockets or connections for supply and discharge pipes, pressure gauge, and other
fittings distributed around the circumference of the valve, so that the said fittings
may be connected either with the high pressure or with the low pressure chamber,
with or without the cap shaped dust filter.
1 Lantaban 1909