matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE FURNACES OF MARINE BOILERS, AND IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF STEAM VESSELS
Year: 1856

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Bell Galloway at the Office
⚫ of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 23rd May
1856.
I, GEORGE BELL GALLOWAY, of 4, Basinghall Street, in the City of London
Jate of Chili, in South America, Engineer and Shipowner, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE FURNACES OF
MARINE BOILERS, AND IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF STEAM VESSELS," to be as
follows:-
My Invention consists, in the first place, in the improvements, herein-after
described, in the furnaces of steam boilers to be used in steam vessels; and,
secondly, in the mode of constructing steam vessels, herein-after described.
The boiler has an additional fire-place or fire-places, in which it is intended
to consume coke or other suitable fuel, and over the fire or fires in which the
flames from the other fires are caused to pass by a suitable arrangement of
the flues or tubes.
An air channel is fixed or formed so as to extend across the front of the several
fire-places or furnaces, which air channel may be placed just under the fire
door. Into this channel air is supplied in any convenient manner, and there
are apertures therein with shut pipes or nozzles communicating with the fire
door frames and also the fire bars, which are hollow and furnished with
apertures through which the air can escape in a lateral direction and in a
longitudinal direction to or by means of apertures through the bridges. By

page_text: this arrangement the air, on being admitted or forced into the said channel,
will pass into the hollow fire bars, and out of them into the spaces between the
bars, which are placed somewhat further apart than usual. The air also in
passing longitudinally ont of the fire bars will tend to cool the bridges. In
this manner the draft in the furnaces will be increased. I also fix a grate
below the fire bars in an inclined direction in order to catch the cinders.
I regulate the draft into the fire-places or furnaces by means of a door
affixed to the front of the ash-pit.
The steam vessels are constructed with a series of hollow pipes or channels
at the upper part, between the bulwark and the bend of the vessel, of such
form as may be adopted: to the form of the vessel, both in the horizontal and
cross sections, such pipes or channels being larger in the cross section near the
bulwark, and smaller as the vessel becomes fuller, that is to say, in proportion
to the build of the vessel. These pipes or channels form a kind of buoyant
sheathing for the vessel. Cork may be inserted in these tubes. I also insert
tubes between the timbers and underneath the beams and decks of the
vessel.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FUEL
Year: 1856

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederick Ransome at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 26th Sep-
tember 1856.
I, FREDERICK RANSOME, of Ipswich, do hereby declare the nature of
the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FUEL;"
to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in preparing artificial fuel from small coal by
placing the same in suitable moulds, which are then heated so as to cause the
small coal to agglomerate. In this manner artificial fuel may be made from
small coal unmixed with any other substance, and therefore at a very
cheap rate.
AN IMPROVED POULTICE
Year: 1856

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George White at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 28th June 1856.-
A communication.
I, GEORGE WHITE, of 5, Laurence Pountney Lane, Cannon Street, City, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED POULTICE,"
a communication from Dr. Antelme, of France, to be as follows:-
My improved poultice or cataplasm consists of a small bag or sachel of
linnen or other suitable material, which bag is filled with tinder-agaric or
amadow, in a suitably divided or pulverized state, and which may imbibe any
medicamental liquid required.
NEW FUSEE OR CIGAR LIGHT
Year: 1856

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Adolf Pollak at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 14th January
1856.
1, ADOLF POLLAK, of the firm of A. M. Pollak, of Vienna, in the Empire
of Austria, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for A NEW
FUSEE OR CIGAR LIGHT to be as follows:-
My improved fusce or cigar light, which I propose to call Pollak's perfumed
cigar light, is manufactured in the following manner:-Strips of white or
.coloured paper, about 2 inches in length, are steeped in a solution of nitro, or
other suitable salt that will cause the paper to burn slowly and without flame.
The prepared strips of paper are then dipped in a perfumed solution, by which
they give off an agreeable odour when ignited. The slips are then made into
rolls and gummed or not as required, and finally tipped with phosphorus, or
other inflammable material, to cause them to ignite when rubbed against a
rough surface.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PLOUGHS
Year: 1856

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Blackwell at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 5th November
1856.
I, WILLIAM BLACKWELL, of Settle, in the County of York, Agriculturalist, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PLOUGHS,"
to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in suspending (by links) beneath a frame or carriage,
mounted on wheels, one, two, three, or more ploughs, in such manner that they
can be simultaneously lifted (by a lever) out of and clear of the earth while
removing the whole from one course of furrows to commence another, or to a
separate field, or to a distant part in the same field. The whole is supported
on wheels, which are mounted in forks, and are capable of being swivelled
partly round in any required direction by means of a lever fixed on the top of
one of the forked supports for the wheels. All the wheels and forks are so
connected together by levers and connecting rods, that by moving a hand lever
they are made to turn simultaneously in the required direction when it is
desired to turn the ploughs more into the land, or vice versa. When the
desired angle has been given to the wheels the lever may be fixed by a screw.
The moving of the wheels is likewise made to assist in turning the ploughs at
land's end. The wheels may be made to swivel all in one direction, or the

page_text: front and hind wheel or wheels may be made to turn in directions contrary
to each other by a slight modification of the above arrangements. The wheel
or wheels which run in the furrows are of such a size as to keep the whole
implement level, or nearly so, when at work.
The draught chains may be applied directly to the beams of the ploughs, or
partly to the carriage and ploughs, so as to divide the draught between them.
When the ploughs have been lifted out of the land they can be kept so by
fixing the lover by a screw, and lowered by unscrewing the same.
The shares and mould boards are made in a piece either by hammering or
casting them, and are securely fixed to the beams at top.
In my ploughs I dispense with the side and sole plates, and thus relieve
them from a great amount of friction on the land side of the ploughs and in
the bottoms of the furrows.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF IRON
Year: 1856

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Gilbee at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 10th September
1856. A communication.
I, HENRY GILBEE, of No. 4, South Street, Finsbury, London, and 39, Rue
de l'Echiquier, Paris, in the Empire of France, do hereby declare the nature
of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF IRON," to be
as follows, that is to say:-
The Invention consists in receiving a stream of melted iron as it flows from
the melting or refining furnace into a suitable trench, and projecting downwards
upon it, either perpendicularly or obliquely, and at several places, as may be
required, a strong current of atmospheric air, so that the stream of melted iron
may be thereby cut completely through or nearly so, and every portion of the
liquid metal thus brought successively into contact with the said current of air;
and at the same time it is proposed by means of suitable bridges or stops placed
across the stream of liquid metal to arrest the progress of the slag or scoriæ, so
that the pure surface of the metal may be brought into contact with such cur-
rents of air. It is also proposed to operate by such currents or blasts of air as
aforesaid, directed vertically or obliquely upon the surface of pools or reservoirs
of melted iron kept nearly full by adjusting the supply of metal, so that such

page_text: current of air shall decarbonize the said metal at the surface, and force such
decarbonized portion over the edge of the reservoir into a second reservoir,
where the said operation may be repeated, and so on, as often as may be found
necessary.
IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR CONDENSING WOOL, COTTON, AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES
Year: 1856

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Apperly and William Clissold
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on
the 12th November 1856.
We, JAMES APPERLY, Cloth Manufacturer, and WILLIAM CLISSOLD, En-
gineer, both of Dudbridge, in the County of Gloucester, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR CONDENSING WOOL,
COTTON, AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES," to be as follows:-
The mode of condensing wool, cotton, and other fibrous substances now
most generally in use is by doffing the carded wool or other fibrous material in
the form of narrow ribbons of about an inch in width. These ribbons are
then passed between two leather surfaces, which are made to travel in opposite
directions for short distances, so as to condense the fibres by rubbing the ribbon
into a loose yarn without twist, and which yarn is then wound on a spool.
The improved apparatus which forms the subject of the present Invention
differs from the above in principle and mode of working. The width of the
ribbon supplied from the doffer must depend upon the size of the yarn required.
I
This ribbon is taken from the doffer of the carding cylinder and passed through
the axle of a revolving pulley, the hole through which we prefer to make in a
diagonal direction, or at an angle to the axis of the pulley, as we find this more
effectual than if the hole be made parallel with the axis of the pulley. It may,
however, be found advisable for some purposes to adopt the latter plan. This
passing of the ribbon through the axis of a rotating pulley is the most

page_text: important part of the Invention, and it will produce the condensed yarn in a
simpler and more effective way than can be effected by the leather rubbers of
the machines now in use. The yarn may, if desired, be passed through two
sets of drawing rollers, having between them another revolving pulley with a
diagonal or excentric hole through it, the second rollers working at an increased
speed in order to draw the yarn. The relative speeds of the several parts
must of course differ according to the size of yarn required, and the nature
and quality of the fibres to be operated upon, and the condensed yarn after
passing through the apparatus is to bo wound on a spool in the usual manner.
IMPROVEMENTS IN HEATING
Year: 1856

page_text: by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frans Victor Oscar Hyckert at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
5th February 1856.
I, FRANS VICTOR OSCAR HYCKERT, of Paris, in the Empire of France, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
HEATING," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in placing in a common fire grate one or more curved
tubes. The air enters the said tube at the lower extremity, (which may be
concealed by the foot of the apparatus,) and passes out at the other extremity,
after having been heated by going through the tube or tubes placed in the
fire grate. Another vertical tube attached to the former conveys the hot air
to any part of the appartment required to be warmed.
The same apparatus can be also applied to firedogs. The two firedogs,
forming in this case tubes, would be united by one or more tubes placed trans-
versally. The opening for the reception of cold air would be placed in the
front of one firedog, and the tube for the escape of the hot air in front or on
one side of the other firedog.
The same apparatus may be also applied to a so-called "bûche économique.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BUILDING MATERIALS
Year: 1856

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Gedge at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 17th June 1856.—
A communication.
I, JOHN GEDGE, of No. 4, Wellington Street South, Strand, in the County
of Middlesex, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN BUILDING MATERIALS," communicated to me by
E. A. Heurteau, of Checy, France, to be as follows:-
I propose to make bricks of divers forms, which are to serve for any kind of
moulding or archwork in buildings. I propose to make grooves on the top
of each brick, so as to form, when fixed, rebates, upon which will rest the
tympans of vaults, which may thus be made of common bricks instead of
wooden kirbs, vaultings, and laths, as now employed. To effect this, I use
pine-wood kirbs, on which I set the bricks, using plaster or mortar.
When
the arch is formed, by the bricks above mentioned, it appears perfect (and is so
unless it is required to appear like stone), the mouldings having been formed
when the bricks were made, of course a very thin layer of cement will give the
whole the appearance of stone vaulting. These bricks will be found most
useful in church and vault building, and their use will effect a great economy.
AN IM- PROVED TELEGRAPH INSULATOR
Year: 1856

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Woodman at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 8th February
1856.
I, JOHN WOODMAN, of the City of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IM-
PROVED TELEGRAPH INSULATOR," to be as follows:-
Instead of cementing the stalk of the hook through which the wire passes
into a thimble, and cementing the said thimble into a cylindrical chamber of a
cast-iron bell, I make the bell open at the back, with a cap or cover to fit
closely on it. I fasten the stalk of the hook or eye into a conical shaped non-
conductor, this non-conductor, with the hook or eye, I pass through the bell at
the back, and by its conical shape, the smallest part being foremost, forms a
wedge, whereby it is evident the more stress or strain comes upon it the
tighter it will fit, and thus become water-proof; and as an additional tightener,
I put an elastic ring round the thick end of the non-conductor, which causes
it to fit perfectly close, and the cap or cover aforesaid being then put on, and
secured by a peg or pin, preserves it from the weather or accident.
It is evident, that by this plan, whenever the hook or eye becomes broken or
out of order it may be taken out and repaired, or replaced with a new one,
without disturbing the whole of the insulator, by merely taking off the cap or
cover, and taking out the non-conductor and hook or eye.

page_text: The construction and arrangement of this insulator will be clearly understood
by reference to the accompanying outline Drawing, in which Fig. 1 is a view
of the insulator complete, and Fig. 2 a view of the conical non-conductor with
the hook or eye attached. a represents the hook or eye; b, the conical shaped
non-conductor; c, the elastic ring, and d the cap or cover which slides on the
outside of the bell, and is secured by the pin or projection e.
IMPROVEMENTS IN Looms
Year: 1856

page_text: by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Adam Bullough at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 23rd April 1856.
I, ADAM BULLOUGH, of Blackburn, in the County of Lancaster, Manu-
facturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN Looms," to be as follows:-
Firstly, with the ordinary loom used for weaving plain or twilled fabrics, I
use a mounting either in connection with or separate from it, so that the
ordinary loom weaves the plain or twilled part, whilst the mounting introduces
the fancy pattern without the use of any jacquard apparatus.
Secondly, I throw a check of one or more colors into the cloth at stated
intervals with one shuttle, without the assistance of the drop box, by arranging
the shuttle so that a cord will catch the required yarn or thread and throw it
into the shed to produce the check.
Thirdly, I use metal shafts instead of wood, which by their own weight or
gravity draw down the healds instead of springs or weights, as heretofore
adopted.
And, fourthly, I use the healds as a medium to prevent floats being made.
IMPROVEMENTS IN WORKING RAILWAY SIGNALS OR ALARUMS
Year: 1856

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Irlam and John
Phillips at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 20th November 1856.
We, WILLIAM IRLAM, of the Gibraltar Iron Works, Newton Heath, near
the City of Manchester, Engineer, and JOHN PHILLIPS, of the same Place
Railway Station Master, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN WORKING RAILWAY SIGNALS OR ALARUMS," to be as
follows:-
Our Invention consists in an improved arrangement of parts for giving
signals or alarums on railways, whereby an advancing train is made to give
notice to a following train when it has progressed a certain distance; this
part of our Invention is particularly beneficial when applied to tunnels to
prevent the entrance of one train before the exit of the preceding one.
The machinery consists of a lever jointed to the rail, or to any fixture near
the rail, which is depressed by the wheels of the locomotive engine or carriage;
this lever gives motion to a shaft, which is connected by levers and wires to
another similar lever placed at the required distance, and to a rod or shaft
supported by a signal post, which is furnished with a lamp, semaphore, bell, or
other agent to give the required signal or alarum. By this arrangement of
machinery the counterweights hitherto required are dispensed with.

page_text: A modification of the above may be employed to give notice when a train
is approaching a station; the lever jointed to the rail above referred to is
placed at the required distance from the station, and is connected by another
lever and a shaft and a wire to a signal post at the station; when the train
passes, the action of the lever.communicates the notice to the signal and to
the station, and that notice remains on at the signal until it is turned off by
the man at the station or by the action of the train, if required.
Our Invention consists also in the application of springs to the ends of the
wires employed in transmitting motion to signals or alarums, to prevent the
injurious effects of sudden shocks.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR CUTTING OR SHAPING WOOD OR OTHER SUBSTANCES
Year: 1856

page_text: (This Invention received Provisional Protection, but notice to proceed with the
application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Hugh Dickie at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 25th August 1856.
I, HUGH DICKIE, of Girvan, in the County of Ayr, North Britain,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR CUTTING OR SHAPING WOOD OR OTHER
SUBSTANCES," to be as follows, that is to say:-
This Invention relates more particalarly to mechanical contrivances to be
used in the manufacture or production of the wooden shafts or handles of
shovels, hammers, and other implements. By the aid of this machinery such
articles are turned or shaped to the required differential or irregular form,
from a square transverse section, as the wood comes from the saws, to an
octagonal section and thence to a cylindrical or elliptical section, or from,
the square section to the cylindrical one at one operation. The shaping
operation is effected by means of a wheel or rotatory disc carrying knives
or cutters, and set upon a horizontal spindle revolving at a high velocity.
The piece of wood, or the rough handle to be acted upon, is traversed
along within the range of action of this cutting wheel, in a direction at
right angles to the axial line of the cutter wheel spindle, being kept steady
and fed up at the proper rate by a suitable combination of carrying rollers.
The cutting wheel is formed of a pair of parallel discs keyed fast upon
the spindle side by side, but with a small metal disc or roller loose on

page_text: the spindle between them: This roller answers for carrying up the piece of
wood under treatment clear of the body of the cutter wheel, the cutters being
disposed on the inner faces of the two discs, so as to act upon the wood by
being set with their acting edges just clear of the discs, the wood being
traversed along a circumferential space left between the discs, and of course
in the plane of rotation of the discs. Plain loose lateral rollers, adjustable to
suit different thicknesses of wood, are employed for guiding the wood as
regards lateral shifting, and serrated rollers, driven by the gearing, are placed
above and below the wood, for the purpose of traversing the wood accurately
forward to the cut. The two first passages through of the wood bring it from
a square to an octagonal section, the cutters being so adjustable that they
flatten off the four corners of the original block, the block being reversed after
the first passage, and then passed through again. After this treatment the
octagonal angle is passed through a cutter wheel, the cutters in which are set
to give the necessary finished form. When the handles are to be of the bent
form, the blocks are cut to the proper bend to begin with. Various materials
may be operated upon by this machinery, and a variety of forms may be produced
by it, suitable either for handles or for other uses.
OBTAINING ALCOHOL FROM CERTAIN SUBSTANCES NOT HITHERTO USED FOR THAT PURPOSE
Year: 1856

page_text: (This Invention received Provisional Protection, but notice to proceed with the
application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Francis Frederick Clossmann at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
11th November 1856.-A communication.
I, FRANCIS FREDERICK CLOSSMANN, of 16A, Park Lane, in the County of
Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "OBTAINING
ALCOHOL FROM CERTAIN SUBSTANCES NOT HITHERTO USED FOR THAT PURPOSE,"
a communication, to be as follows, and consists in obtaining alcohol from the
chestnut or marron, or other kindred product. For this purpose the nuts
may be used either green or dried, but by preference dried. After being
deprived of the shell or skin, they are ground and put in a boiler with a
sufficient quantity of water to produce a condition suitable for fermentation.
To assist this operation, yeast or other suitable fermenting matter may be
added. When the fermentation is complete, the distillation may be effected in
the usual manner for the production of alcohol. The nuts may also be used
without being first ground, in which case they should be boiled in sufficient
water to secure immersion, and the boiler should be covered to prevent
evaporation. When the nuts are sufficiently boiled, the fermenting matter is
added as before, and the distillation is effected by the usual means. When
the nuts are used green, they may also be boiled to a paste, fermented and
distilled as before described, but it is preferred to use the dried nuts.
AN IMPROVED GUM POT AND BRUSH, AND WHICH SAID POT AND BRUSH ARE ALSO APPLICABLE FOR HOLDING AND USING LIQUID GLUE, PASTE, OR OTHER ADHESIVE MATERIALS, AS WELL AS VARNISH, PAINT, AND SUCH LIKE FLUIDS WHICH ARE LIABLE TO DRY UP BY THE ACTION OF THE AIR
Year: 1856

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Arthur James Thompson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
29th October 1856.
I, ARTHUR JAMES THOMPSON, of the firm of Nancey Thompson and Son,
Brush Makers, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention for "AN IMPROVED GUM POT AND BRUSH, AND
WHICH SAID POT AND BRUSH ARE ALSO APPLICABLE FOR HOLDING AND USING LIQUID
GLUE, PASTE, OR OTHER ADHESIVE MATERIALS, AS WELL AS VARNISH, PAINT, AND
SUCH LIKE FLUIDS WHICH ARE LIABLE TO DRY UP BY THE ACTION OF THE AIR," to
be as follows, that is to say :-
My Invention consists in so forming such pots or vessels that the mouth or
opening at the top may be somewhat contracted and made with a projecting
rim, and on the handle of the accompanying brush to be used with such pots
I place a cover, which may be fixed to the brush, or made to move on its
bandle in an air-tight packing. This cover accurately fits the top of the pot,
so that the brush, when returned after use, may be readily placed (with its
accompanying cover) in such a way that it will close up and entirely exclude
the atmosphere from acting on the gum, varnish, or other fluid that may
be within.
A NEW YARN OR THREAD, AND ITS APPLICATION IN THE MANUFACTURE OF STOCKINGS, GLOVES, AND LOOPED AND OTHER FABRICS
Year: 1856

page_text: 11.115
application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION. left by Charles Cowper at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 24th April
1856. A communication.
I, CHARLES COWPER, of No. 20, Southampton Buildings, Chancery Lane,
in the County of Middlesex, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for A NEW YARN OR THREAD, AND ITS APPLICATION IN
THE MANUFACTURE OF STOCKINGS, GLOVES, AND LOOPED AND OTHER FABRICS, to
be as follows:-
The Invention cousists in the manufacture of a yarn or thread from silk
waste, or the waste silk obtained in reeling the cocoons, in combination with
short or waste alpaca, and the application of the same to the manufacture of
gloves, stockings, and looped and other fabrics, whereby warm, soft, pliable,
and durable articles are produced at a moderate cost.
The silk waste and the alpaca are submitted to a beating operation either
together or separately, and this operation may be repeated if required; they are
then carded twice, or oftener if required. It is advisable to employ flat top cards
in one or both of the carding operations, in order to more completely separate
the numerous knots which are found in the silk. The combined fibrous mate-
rial is then drawn one or more times in a bobbin and fly frame. This operation
may be dispensed with in some cases by placing at the end of the last carding

page_text: machine bobbins and flyers with friction wheels or whirls, or other known
apparatus, for giving consistence to the slivers. The material is then spun by
mules with drawing rollers, or by the spinning machinery commonly used for
wool. To give smoothness and lustre to the thread or yarn, it is twisted and
worked about with a stick, as is sometimes practised with silk yarns.
Looped fabrics, and also shawls, tartans, and cloth, and other fabrics, are
manufactured of these yarns, either alone, or with yarns of wool, cotton, silk,
or other materials.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PORTABLE STEAM ENGINES APPLICABLE TO AGRICULTURAL AND OTHER SIMILAR PURPOSES
Year: 1856

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Fowler and William
McCollin at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 20th May 1856.
We, WILLIAM FOWLER and WILLIAM MCCOLLIN, of the Borough of
Kingston-upon-Hull, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN PORTABLE STEAM ENGINES APPLICABLE TO AGRICULTURAL AND
OTHER SIMILAR PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
This Invention has reference to that class of portable engines commonly
used for agricultural and other similar purposes, and consists in attaching to
a portable boiler a frame or saddle, on one end of which are fixed suitable
bearings for carrying the trunnions of an oscillating cylinder. On the other
end of the frame or saddle are situated the bearings of the fly-wheel shaft,
upon which and between the said bearings is a double crank, to which is con-
nected the piston rod appertaining to the before-named oscillating cylinder.
The feed pump for the boiler is also fixed to the aforesaid frame or saddle, and
is driven direct by an eccentric on the fly-wheel shaft. The slide valve is
geared in the ordinary manner.
IMPROVEMENTS IN RULING OR DELINEATING ORNAMENTAL FIGURES
Year: 1856

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Andrew Smith and William Smith
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on the
-5th August 1856..
We, ANDREW SMITH, of Mauchline, in the County of Ayr, North Britain,
Gentleman, and WILLIAM SMITH, of the same Place, Gentleman, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN RULING OR
DELINEATING ORNAMENTAL FIGURES," to be as follows, that is to say:-
This Invention relates more or less to certain modifications of or upon an
Invention for "improvements in ruling ornamental figures," for which
Mr. William Smith, of Mauchline, party hereto, obtained British Letters
Patent on or about the Fourteenth day of November, One thousand eight
hundred and fifty-three.
Instead of the ruling or lining pens employed in the machinery described
in the Specification of the original Patent of Mr. William Smith, small
wheels or rollers are used in carrying out the present Invention. By this
substitution of wheels or rollers, the ornamental work or device may be
produced in colors other than water colors, as well as with water colors. For
example, by the wheel or roller arrangement oil or varnish colors may be
used, and the ruling or color delineation may be performed upon oil color
surfaces, as well as upon leather, cloth, and other surfaces. The present and
secondary improvements, as in the machinery already patented by Mr. William

page_text: Smith, relate also to the securing of superior economy in the general process
of ruling patterns in various colors. Thus, in ruling a "tartan" pattern, a
separate roller or small wheel is applied for each repeat of the pattern, so that
the adjusting mechanism for setting the whole at the required distances simply
works over one repeat in the width of the traverse necessary to fill up or cover
the whole surface which is under operation, instead of having but one wheel or
roller to repeat the device and traverse the whole surface. By this plan, as in
Mr. William Smith's former 'machine, the whole number of repeats upon the
surface under operation is completed at once.
The individual rollers or wheels are primarily adjusted or set to the proper
distance asunder at the commencement of the work by a separate piece of fitting
mechanism. When once so set to their star ing points, each individual roller
or wheel goes over its own repeat, and will then execute any extent of work to
the pattern in hand without further adjustment. In the case of minute patterns
or figures, where it may be inconvenient to use a separate roller or wheel for
every individual repeat, each roller or wheel may be set at starting at a distance
of two or more repeats from its neighbour, and the adjusting or guiding
mechanism must then be repeated for each of the intermediate lines of repeat
originally left unruled.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PERMANENT WAY OF RAILWAYS
Year: 1856

page_text: oceed with the
application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alfred Krupp at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 9th July 1856.
I, ALFRED KRUPP, of Essen, in the Kingdom of Prussia, Cast Steel
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PERMANENT WAY OF RAILWAYS," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in forming the rails of railways of two distinct and
separate parts, and making such parts of different metals, whereby I am
enabled to form a rail that shall combine great strength and durability, while
at the same time the cost is not materially increased.
The metals that I propose to use are cast or wrought steel and cast or
wrought iron, and the manner in which I combine these parts together so as
to form a rail is as follows:-I form the lower portion of the rail of cast
or wrought iron, of a shape similar to the ordinary flange. rail. The upper
surface of this portion of the rail is either formed with a groove, or a portion is
cut away upon one side, or upon both sides, so as to admit of the upper
surface being fitted thereto. This upper surface I make of steel, either cast
steel or wrought steel, or steel of any other kind that may be adapted for this
purpose, preferring, however, to use cast steel rolled to the required section
and dimensions. This superstructure of steel I bolt or otherwise attach

page_text: securely to the lower or iron portion of the rail. The several methods which
I propose for uniting these two portions of the rail together will be set forth
and described in my Complete Specification. Rails constructed according to
this method will be found particularly applicable for railway stations where
the wear and tear of the rail is so materially increased.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR SPINNING, DOUBLING, AND WINDING COTTON AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES
Year: 1856

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Platt at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 4th March 1856.-
A communication.
I, the said JAMES PLATT, of Oldham, in the County of Lancaster, Mecha-
nical Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR SPINNING, DOUBLING, AND WINDING COTTON AND
OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES, to be as follows:-
This Invention refers to such machines as are constructed upon the throstle
principle, that is to say, to those in which the winding-on is accomplished by
friction, usually termed the "drag." It is now proposed to dispense wholly or
in part with that method, and to supply suitable apparatus which will offer a
resistance to the air during the necessary rotatory motion of the bobbin.
A practical method of accomplishing this consists in the adaptation of a fan
connected to the bobbin so as to revolve with it. This fan may be proportioned
so as to afford the required amount of resistance or "drag;" but a method
adopted, and constituting a feature of the Invention, consists in so construct-
ing the effective surfaces of the vanes, that they may be enlarged or contracted
at pleasure; thus they are rendered capable of being turned upon centres, so
that they may occupy any angle, according to the resistance desired. It is
also contemplated to combine the ordinary drag with the present improvement.
AN IMPROVEMENT OR IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PAPER, PASTEBOARD AND PULP
Year: 1856

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joshua Horton and Thomas Horton
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition,
on the 26th August 1856.
We, JOSHUA HORTON, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Manu-
facturer, and THOMAS HORTON, of Birmingham aforesaid, Manufacturer, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVEMENT OR
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PAPER, PASTEBOARD, AND PULP," to be as
follows:-
Our Invention consists of the use of spent tan for the manufacture of
paper, pasteboard, and pulp, the said spent tan being treated in the following
manner-We first operate upon the spent tan by means of the pulping
machine ordinarily used in the manufacture of paper; we afterwards treat
the said spent tan by means of a hot alkaline ley. The said spent tan is
afterwards operated upon in a machine resembling the mills ordinarily used
for grinding. The said machine consists of a pair of rolls turning in vertical
planes and carried round by means of a circular plate revolving under and in
contact with the said rolls. The spent tan is reduced to a fine pulp by the
action of the said machine.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF INSULATED WIRES FOR ELECTRIC TELEGRAPHS
Year: 1856

page_text: by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles François Jules Fonrobert
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
20th November 1856.-Partly a communication.
I, CHARLES FRANÇOIS JULES FONROBERT, of Berlin, in the Kingdom of
Prussia, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE MANUFACTURE OF INSULATED WIRES FOR ELECTRIC TELEGRAPHS," to be as
follows:-
The Invention consists in insulating wires for electric telegraphs by covering
them with a composition of gutta percha and tar. I take about two parts by
weight of gutta percha and one part of coal tar and I mix them together with
the assistance of heat. This composition is fluid while hot but becomes solid
on cooling. I employ this composition for coating and insulating wires for
electric telegraphs.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOKING GLASSES, APPLICABLE ESPECIALLY FOR DRESSING ROOMS, AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1856

page_text: was not given within the
prescrivea
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Napoleon Brécheux at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 17th October
1856.
I, NAPOLEON BRECHEUX, of Paris, in the Empire of France, Merchant, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOKING
GLASSES, APPLICABLE ESPECIALLY FOR DRESSING ROOMS, AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES,"
to be as follows:-
My improved looking glass consists of a piece of silvered glass placed in a
suitable frame, the reflecting surface being either flat, convex, or concave.
It
is moveable, and is fitted on a foot or stand, so as to be easily moved from one
room to another, and to be turned about in any way, and to be inclined from
a horizontal to a vertical position. The foot or stand thereof is also disposed
so as to slide up and down.
A METHOD OF STOPPING OR RETARDING THE WAY OF SHIPS AND VESSELS IN ORDER TO PREVENT COLLISIONS AND OTHERWISE
Year: 1856

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Walter Hall at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 10th April
1856.
I, WALTER HALL, of Erith, in the County of Kent, India-rubber Manu-
facturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "A METHOD
OF STOPPING OR RETARDING THE WAY OF SHIPS AND VESSELS IN ORDER TO PREVENT
COLLISIONS AND OTHERWISE," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in retarding the way of vessels, by lowering into the
water at or about the bow, sides, and stern, planes or pieces of timber or other
suitable material, which are held up out of the water under ordinary cir-
cumstances between projecting beams, and which on being lowered, as for
instance, to avoid a collision, present resisting surfaces, and retard the way of
the vessel.
AN AMALGA- MATING MACHINE TO EXTRACT GOLD AND SILVER AND TO SEPARATE IRON FROM CRUSHED MINERAL ORES IN WATER
Year: 1856

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.).
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Stopford Thomas Jones and Josiah
Harris at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition,
on the 20th June 1856.
We, STOPFORD THOMAS JONES, of Royal Circus Street, Greenwich, in the
County of Kent, and JOSIAH HARRIS, of Dolgelly, in Merionethshire, North
Wales, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN AMALGA-
MATING MACHINE TO EXTRACT GOLD AND SILVER AND TO SEPARATE IRON FROM
CRUSHED MINERAL ORES IN WATER," to be as follows:
We make a water-tight hollow case, say, about 5 feet deep by 20 inches
square, to amalgamate about 4 tons of crushed mineral ore per day, or
larger or smaller, in proportion to the quantity of crushed mineral ore to be
treated. Such machine we call an amalgamator; the bottom to be semi-
circular. Inside of this case we have one or two fans, one of them having two
or more blades; but we prefer four; such blades to work near the bottom
with spindle and bearings. Each blade is perforated with numerous holes, and
may be turned up at the ends. The other fan is placed above the lower fan
with spindle & bearings, and has also two or more blades, being made of
open ribs or bars. One or both these fans can be used, as most suitable, to
the crushed mineral ore to be operated upon. Attached to the amalgamator
is a feeder, to convey the crused mineral ore and water into the amalgamator.
The feeder has an opening near the bottom, thro' which the crushed mineral

page_text: ore and water pass into the amalgamator; and: thereby comes into contact with
the mercury with which the amalgamator is charged. The fan or fans, being
revolved by any usual gearing,' will: agitate: and mix up the crushed mineral
ore, water, and mercury. An opening: is made near the top of the amalga-
mator to allow the refuse crushed mineral ore and water to pass out. At the
bottom of the amalgamator-is-fixed-a-tap; for the purpose of drawing off the
murcury and the gold and silver amalgam. Connected with the feeder we
place a series of magnets or magnetic bars, to take up the iron that may be in
the crushed mineral ore and water, so as to prevent altogether, or as near as
possible, its passage into the amalgamator. These magnets or magnetic bars
can be made to revolve or remain. stationary; and: are so placed as to be
removable, changed, and cleaned at pleasure.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR SIZING, STIFFENING, DRESSING, AND POLISHING YARNS AND THREADS
Year: 1856

page_text: by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederick Andrew and Samuel
Forsell at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 17th July 1856.
We, FREDERICK ANDREW, of the City of Manchester, Dyer, and SAMUEL
FORSELL, of the same Place, Manager, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR
SIZING, STIFFENING, DRESSING, AND POLISHING YARNS AND THREADS," to be as
follows:-
This Invention consists in an improved mode of working brushes employed
in machinery for sizing, stiffening, dressing, and polishing yarns and threads.
In performing our Invention, we impart a to-and-fro or ellipitical motion to the
brush by cranks, or other suitable mechanism, so that when the brush is
applied to the yarn or thread, the bristles, or other materials of which the
brush is made, enter gradually between the yarns or threads, and after having
been drawn through or along the yarns or threads the brush is drawn out, so
that the return stroke may be made without acting on the yarns or threads.
By this means the action of the brush is similar to that produced when it is
worked by hand, and less injury is done to the yarns or threads than by the
machinery hitherto employed.
In polishing yarns or threads in the bank, we propose to apply a circular

page_text: brush or other agent for putting an additional quantity of size on the yarns or
threads during the operation of polishing, which may be performed by the
reciprocating acting brush above referred to, or by any of the modes of
polishing now known.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN IRONS FOR IRONING
Year: 1856

page_text: by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Horace Taylor and Phillip
Marcus at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition,
on the 6th December 1856.
We, JOHN HORACE TAYLOR, of Bunhill Row, in the County of Middlesex,
Engineer, and PHILLIP MARCUS, of Well Street, in the same County, Tailor,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVEMENT IN
IRONS FOR IRONING," to be as follows:-
Our Invention consists in constructing irons hollow for the reception of coke: .
or other fuel, and with a bell-mouthed or other suitable tube leading into the
interior, with a door or flap at back provided with a damper or valve.
By regulating the admission and outflow of air the fuel may be kept in a
more or less incandescent state.
IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM BOILERS OR STEAM GENERATORS
Year: 1856

page_text: ution for Letters Latent was not given thin the time prescrioca
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said George Collier and Edwin
Heywood at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 8th December 1856.
We, GEORGE COLLIER, of Halifax, in the County of York, and EDWIN
HEYWOOD, of Sutton Crosshills, n' Leeds, in the same County, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM BOILERS
OR STEAM GENERATORS," to be as follows:-
The improvements consist in so forming boilers or steam generators that
the space for steam may be confined as much as possible to that part
which is immediately over the fire space, and that that part of the boiler
beyond the fire space is limited as much as possible only to water space; and
it is preferred that that part of the boiler surrounding any part of the fluc
beyond the fire space be reduced to that which is simply necessary for the
purposes of construction; and it is also preferred to use in connection with
the above, improvements for which Letters Patent were granted to Edwin
Heywood, dated the 14th day of April last; but we do not confine ourselves
thereto.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN EXTRACTING LIQUIDS AND SOLID OR PASTY MATTERS
Year: 1856

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Jean Marie Letestu at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 5th July
1856.
I, JEAN MARIE LETESTU, Manufacturer, of Paris, in the French Empire, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN
EXTRACTING LIQUIDS AND SOLID OR PASTY MATTERS," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to the extraction of liquids and solid or pasty matters
by means of compressed air. I first compress air to any desired pressure in a
vessel or reservoir, and cause it to communicate through a pipe with another
vessel, in which are the matters to be extracted. This vessel is hermetically
closed except to the pipe from the compressed air chamber and to a pipe which
descends to near the bottom thereof. Upon opening communication between
the compressed air chamber and the other vessel, the contents of this latter
will be driven out through the exit pipe into barrels or other receivers with
which the exit pipe communicates. In the emptying of fecal matters, the
passage leading them into the receiving vessel must be closed by a slide or
other valve, or by a plate temporarily screwed over the passage when the
emptying is to be performed.