Improvements in the Production of High Speed Rotary Motion for Centrifugal or other Machines, and in Apparatus therefor.
Year: 1893

page_text: Date of Application, 20th Dec., 1893
Complete Specification Left, 10th Sept., 1894-Accepted, 15th Dec., 1894
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Production of High Speed Rotary Motion for
Centrifugal or other Machines, and in Apparatus therefor.
I, ALBERT KRANK, of Taipale, Varkaus, Finland, Engineer, do hereby
declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
My invention relates to improved means or apparatus for converting a relatively
slow reciprocating or rotary motion into a high speed rotary motion, the said
invention being especially applicable for use in connection with milk separators
and other centrifugal machines.
According to my invention I mount upon the shaft to be rotated at high speed
a water motor such as a turbine of the Jouval or other type and in connection
with this turbine I arrange a pump in such a manner that it forces water through
the turbine or other motor the water after it has passed through the turbine or
other motor again returning to the pump, so that it is used over and over again.
A suitable arrangement for carrying out my invention is as follows:
I provide a pedestal for the machine to be driven, the said pedestal being
divided into two compartments by means of a suitable partition and upon the sides
of the said pedestal I form or mount two pump cylinders, the pistons of which
are connected to a common lever so that they may be reciprocated simultaneously,
these pistons, which are provided with suitable valves, being adapted to draw the
water from one compartment and force it into the other.
The driving shaft of the machine extends through an opening formed in the
partition between the two compartments and on the said shaft in the said opening
is fixed the turbine or other motor so that as the water is forced from one chamber
to the other through the said opening it will rotate the turbine and consequently
also the shaft to which the turbine is fixed.
An air-chamber advantageously formed by the upper part of one of the said
compartments serves to ensure the uniform pressure of the water in a well known
manner.
Dated the 00th day of December 1802
G. F. REDFERN & Co.,
4, South Street, Finsbury, London, Agents for the Applicant.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Production of High Speed Rotary Motion for
Centrifugal or other Machines, and in Apparatus therefor.
I, ALBERT KRANK, of Taipale, Varkaus, Finland, Engineer, do hereby
declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-
My invention relates to improved means or apparatus for converting a relatively
slow reciprocating or rotary motion into a high speed rotary motion, the said
invention being especially applicable for use in connection with milk separators
and other centrifugal machines.
According to my invention I mount a turbine upon the shaft to be rotated at
high speed and in connection with this turbine I arrange a pump in such a manner
that it forces water or other liquid through the turbine, the liquid after it has

page_text: passed through the turbine again returning to the pump so that it is used over and
over again.
I provide a pedestal for the machine to be driven, the said pedestal being
divided into two compartments by means of a suitable partition and upon the
sides of the said pedestal I form or mount two pump cylinders, the. pistons of
which are connected to a common lever so that they may be reciprocated simul-
taneously, these pistons, which are provided with suitable valves, being adapted to
draw the water from one compartment and force it into the other.
The driving shaft of the machine extends through a turbine-casing fixed, in an
opening formed in the partition between the two compartments and on the said
shaft in the said shell or casing is fixed the turbine wheel.. The sides of the casing
are provided with holes so that, as the fluid is forced from one compartment to
the other through the said holes, it will rotate the wheel and consequently also the
shaft to which the wheel is fixed.
An air-chambér advantageously formed by the upper part of one of the said
compartments serves to ensure the uniform pressure of the water in a well known
manner.
To enable my invention to be fully understood I will describe it as applied to
a centrifugal cream separator, and in the accompanying drawing :-
Figure 1 is a sectional side elevation of such a machine having my improvements
applied thereto :
Figure 2 is a sectional elevation of the machine and my improvements from a
position at right angles to that from which Figure 1 is taken:
Figure 3 is a section drawn to an enlarged scale taken through the axis of the
turbine shell or casing and driving shaft; and,
Figure 4 is a horizontal section on the line A B of Figure 3.
a is the pedestal of the apparatus, b is the centrifugal machine, and c is the shaft
carrying the centrifugal drum. d is the partition dividing the interior of the
pedestal into two compartments e, f.
9, 9 are the two pump cylinders secured to or formed in one piece with the
pedestal a, cach of the said cylinders being open at one end to the compartment e
and at the other end communicating with the compartment through a passage h
closed by a valve i. The pistons; of the cylinders g are each provided with a
valve which opens when the piston moves in one direction and closes when moved
in the other direction. The said pistons, which may be connected to a common
rod 1, are reciprocated through the medium of a lever in secured to one end of a
shaft n mounted in a suitable bearing in the pedestal a and having on its other
end an arm o connected by a link p to the said rod l.
g is the turbine casing fixed in an opening formed in the partition d between
the two compartments e and f and through which shell or casing extends the
driving shaft c. The top end of the shell a contains a bearing for the upper
end of the driving shaft c and the bottom end of the shell is closed by a cover t
which contains the lower bearing u of the said shaft.
The wheel consisting of a horizontal disc with vanes won its upper side is
fixed on the shaft c within the shell or casing q; a, are the holes situated in the
sides of the shell or casing opposite the. vanes of the wheel so that as liquid is
forced by the pumps from the chamber into the chamber e through the holes
and through slots y it will cause the rotation of the said wheel and consequently
also the rotation of the shaft c and the centrifugal drum carried thereby.
The action of the liquid on the wheel is in the first instance similar to that of
ordinary impact wheels but, instead of the water leaving the wheel at the circum-
ference with a considerable final velocity, the water here is forced from the
exterior towards the centre of the wheel whereby the velocity of the water is
completely utilized in acting upon the vanes.
The operation of the apparatus herein before described is as follows:-
The lower parts of the chambers e and being filled with water, oil or other
suitable liquid, the lever m is oscillated whereby the pistons are reciprocated in

page_text: their cylinders, the valve k of each piston during the instroke of the latter
opening to allow the liquid from the chamber e to pass behind the piston so that
on the next outstroke of the piston such liquid will be forced through the passage h
and past the valve into the chamber whence the liquid is forced through the
holes and through the wheel and so imparts motion to the latter. The liquid
which has passed the turbine and entered the chamber e through the slots y in
the shell g again flows towards the pistons so that the same liquid is used over and
over again, the pump continually drawing the liquid from the chamber e and
discharging it through the chamber f, holes and wheel back into the chamber e.
The upper part of the chamber serves as an air-chamber to maintain a uniform
pressure of liquid passing through the turbine.
It will be obvious that with the arrangement hereinbefore described I can obtain
from a very slow motion a relatively high speed motion, for instance, with a
turbine having a diameter of one inch I have converted an oscillating movement
of 30 per minute into a rotary movement of 6000 revolutions per minute.
It will be seen that the shaft a enters the compartment over the surface of the
water, no packing is therefore required for the shaft and, as moreover all the
frictional surfaces of the pump gear have a very small motion, friction is reduced
to a minimum.
The force of the water being absorbed in actuating the turbine the pressure in
the compartment e is the same as that of the atmosphere.
•
I would observe that the pressure on the top of the turbine-disc is reduced
as the water approaches the centre and the disc being smooth on the under side
the pressure under the disc is the same as at the periphery thereof. Therefore,
the total pressure under the turbine exceeding that above the same tends to
balance the weight of the cream separator and thus reduces the endwear of the
shaft c to a minimum.
Although I have described my invention as applied to a cream separator it is
to be understood that it is also applicable for driving other machines and in general
where frictional belt or toothed gearing have heretofore been employed, in which
case it is obvious that the arrangement of the apparatus can be correspondingly
modified.
It is also to be understood that one pump or more than two may be used for
forcing the liquid and that one or several turbines may also be employed.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. An apparatus for the production of high speed rotary motion for centrifugal
or other machines comprising a hollow pedestal having pump cylinders on its sides
and divided by a partition into two compartments which communicate with each
other through the valves k and i and through the turbine n, w placed in an
opening in the partition, the working parts of the pump-gear inside the pedestal
being placed in the compartment where there is no pressure, substantially as
hereinbefore described and illustrated in the accompanying drawing.
2. In apparatus for the production of high speed rotary motion for centrifugal
or other machines the arrangement of an impact wheel herein before described and
shewn in Figures 3 and 4 in which the water enters at the periphery of the
wheel and escapes at the centre and the water pressure under the wheel balances
the weight of the cream separator or other vessel, substantially as set forth.
G. F. REDFERN & Co.,
4, South Street, Finsbury, London, Agents for the Applicant.