IM- PROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS TO BE EMPLOYED IN EXPRESSING OILS AND FATTY MATTERS
Year: 1863

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James Thom, of Hull, in the County of the Town or
Borough of Kingston-upon-Hull, Mechanic, for the Invention of "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS TO BE EMPLOYED IN EXPRESSING OILS AND FATTY
MATTERS."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James Thom at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
1st December 1868.
I, JAMES THOM, of Hull, in the County of the Town or Borough of
Kingston-upon-Hull, Mechanic, do hereby declare the nature of my said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS TO BE EMPLOYED IN EXPRESSING OILS
AND FATTY MATTERS," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to a new and improved envelope or covering for the
bags which contain the meal or fatty matter from which oil is to be expressed,
and consists in replacing the ordinary combined horsehair and leather envelopes
or coverings, which are of a costly nature, by two metal plates, the pressing
surfaces of which are corrugated or ribbed, whilst the sides or ends of the said
plates are slightly raised and bevelled or inclined. By this means when the
bag is being pressed between the plates, the corrugations will prevent it from
expanding to an undue extent, whilst the raised bevel sides or ends of the
plates confine the bag at those parts. The advantages derived from the use of
this Invention are economy and compactness, as the plates are not only much

page_text: cheaper in first cost and repairs than the hair envelopes, but occupy con-
siderably less space, and will consequently admit of more bags being placed in
the press than when the ordinary envelopes are employed.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said James Thom in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
30th May 1864.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JAMES
THOM, of Hull, in the County of the Town or Borough of Kingston-upon-Hull,
Mechanic, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the First day of December, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-three, in the twenty-seventh year
of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her beirs and successors, give and grant
unto me, the said James Thom, Her special license that I, the said
James Thom, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others
as I, the said James Thom, my executors, administrators, or assigns,
should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all
times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully
might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS TO BE EMPLOYED IN EXPRESSING OILS AND FATTY
MATTERS," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said James Thom,
my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my hand
and seal, or under the hand and seal of one of them, should particularly
describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner
the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great
Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after
the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said James Thom, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement, reference being had to the accompanying Drawings, and to the
Jetters and figures marked thereon, that is to say:-
My said Invention relates to a new and improved envelope or covering for
the bags which contain the meal or fatty matter from which oil is to be
expressed, and consists in replacing the ordinary combined horsehair and

page_text: leather envelopes or coverings, which are of a costly nature, by two metal
plates, the pressing surfaces of which are corrugated or ribbed, whilst the sides
or ends of the said plates are slightly raised and bevelled or inclined. These
plates may or may not have holes made to allow the oil or fatty matter to
escape more freely. By this means when the bag is being pressed between
the plates the corrugations will prevent it from expanding to an undue extent,
whilst the raised bevel sides or ends of the plates confine the bag at those
parts. The advantages derived from the use of this Invention are economy
and compactness, as the plates are not only much cheaper in first cost and
repairs than the hair envelopes, but occupy considerably less space, and will
consequently admit of more bags being placed in the press than when the
ordinary envelopes are employed...
And in order that my said Invention may be fully understood, I shall now
proceed more particularly to describe the same, and for that purpose I shall
refer to the several Figures on the Sheet of Drawings hereunto annexed, the
same letters of reference indicating corresponding parts in all the Figures.
Fig. 1 of my Drawings represents a longitudinal section of my improved
envelope or covering as applied to the ordinary bag containing linseed meal or
other fatty or oleaginous substance to be pressed; Fig. 2 is a transverse
section of the same; and Fig. 3 is a plan of one of the envelopes, shewing its
pressing surface.
A, A, are the envelopes consisting each of a metal plate of wrought or cast
iron or other suitable metal, and B is the bag containing the substance to be
pressed, which bag is laid between two of the plates A. These plates may be
made of a rectangular or other shape, but I prefer to make them slightly
tapered, that is, narrower at one end than the other, as shewn in Fig. 3. The
pressing surface of each plate, namely, the surface which is in immediate
contact with the bag, is corrugated, ribbed, or undulated, as shown at a, a,
such corrugations, ribs, or undulations being made either transversely to the
plate, as shown in my Drawings, or they may be made longitudinally to the
plate or angularly thereto, but I prefer to make them transversely to the plate,
as they check the longitudinal expansion or extension of the bag better when
so disposed than when placed in any other position or direction. Along the
two sides and ends of each plate a raised lip is formed, bevelled or sloping
inwards, as shown at b, b, the object of these raised lips or edges being to
confine the bag, and so prevent undue expansion thereof.
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of my said
Invention, and the manner in which the same is or may be used or carried
into effect, I would observe, in conclusion, that what I consider to be novel

page_text: and original, and therefore claim as the Invention secured to me by the
herein-before in part recited Letters Patent is, the application and use to and
in the pressing of fatty and oleaginous substances of metallic envelopes or
plates to receive the bags containing such substances, these envelopes being
constructed substantially as herein-before described.
In witness whereof, I, the said James Thom, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, the Twenty-seventh day of May, One thousand eight
hundred and sixty-four.
JAMES THOM. (L.S.)
JAMES THOM. (L.S.)