matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE TREATMENT OF FURNACE SLAG, AND IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SLAG WOOL AND OTHER PRODUCTS THEREFROM
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Ludwig August Baatsch at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 17th March 1880.
CHARLES LUDWIG AUGUST BAATSCH, of Farringdon Street, in the City of
London. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE TREATMENT OF FURNACE SLAG, AND IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF SLAG WOOL AND OTHER PRODUCTS THEREFROM.”
My Invention relates to the preparation or treatment of furnace slag for the
manufacture of slag wool and other products therefrom, and to the process of
manufacture of said slag wool and products.
In order to render furnace slag and the slag wool and other products or objects
made therefrom less brittle, I mix with the liquid slag fused carbonate of potash or
soda, in proportion depending on the quantity of silicic acid contained in the slag,
and according to the purpose to which the slag or the slag wool or other product
is to be applied. The fused mixture is then blown into wool or run into moulds in
the ordinary way.
If desired to make waterglass a larger proportion of alkali is used, and the
fused mixture is blown into wool instead of being powdered after cooling, as
heretofore, the wool being then dissolved in boiling water.
The Invention also relates to a process of annealing slag wool, and objects made
either from furnace slag only, or from a mixture of furnace slag and carbonate of
soda or potash, as above described, and it consists in covering the newly made slag
wool or other product or article with what I term slag felt, which consists of slag
wool mixed with waterglass, as described in a previous Patent granted to me
No. 4030, dated Oct. 30th 1877. Instead of slag felt, slag wool or other non-
conductor of heat may be used, the object being that the newly made slag wool or
other product or article shall cool down slowly.
SELF ACTING WASTE VALVES
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Tom Betts Plumtree at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 3rd May 1880.
TOM BETTS PLUMTREE, of Thornton Road, Wimbledon.
SELF ACTING WASTE VALVES."
"IMPROVEMENTS IN
This Invention relates to the construction of self acting waste valves in such
manner as entirely to prevent the escape of noxious gases from the pipes to which
they are fitted.
For this purpose I provide the upper end or mouth of the waste pipe which it is
desired to secure against the escape of noxious gases with a valve seating, to which
is fitted a valve, which upon rising from the said seating opens the mouth of the
waste pipe and upon falling closes the same.
A short distance (say about one inch) above the valve and to a spindle projecting
vertically therefrom is fixed a float of any suitable construction.
Therefore when water or other liquor rises so much above the valve as to act
on the float fixed to and at a short distance above the same the float rises, and
with it the valve from its seating, thus allowing the waste or overflow to pass
through the waste pipe until the float falls, and with it the valve, on to its
seating.
In this manner the waste valve is always covered with water (or other liquid),
and is kept closed unless there is sufficient to act on and raise the float and with it
the valve.
1
The float may be fixed at any suitable height above the valve, or may be
BANKER'S CHEQUES, MONEY ORDERS, AND OTHER SIMILAR DOCUMENTS, TO PREVENT FORGERY OR FRAUDULENT ALTERATIONS.
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Fielding at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 23rd August 1880.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN
JAMES FIELDING, of Urmston, in the County of Lancaster.
BANKER'S CHEQUES, MONEY ORDERS, AND OTHER SIMILAR DOCUMENTS, TO
PREVENT FORGERY OR FRAUDULENT ALTERATIONS.'
The principal object of this Invention is to prevent the fraudulent alteration of
cheques or money orders from smaller to larger amounts, either by obliterating by
chemicals, or otherwise, the figures on the said cheques, and substituting figures
representing larger amounts, or by the addition (for instance) of the letters "ty'
to the words "six," "seven," or "nine;" the letter "y" to the word "eight," and
of a cypher to the corresponding figures.
<<
و"
For this purpose I print on the surface of the cheque or money order (and by
preference along the lower edge thereof) the words "not exceeding," nor more
than," or words to the same effect, and beneath or in connection with such words
I print a series of figures (ranging, say, from £5 to £1000), representing or
including the amounts for which the cheque may be drawn. I also provide a small
perforating stamp, by means of which the person giving the cheque indicates
indelibly the figure or amount which the check must not exceed.
•
I am aware that it has been the custom in some instances to write across the
cheque or order the words "under.
pounds," but as there are means of
erasing and altering such writing, I claim as the principal novelty of my Invention,
that the words and figures are already indelibly printed upon the cheque or order,
and the perforating stamp applied to any particular figure indicates indelibly the
maximum amount of the cheque.
The perforating stamp is also a means of preventing forgery, inasmuch as each
firm would have its own peculiar and distinct perforating stamp, the use of which
would testify to the genuineness of the signature to the said cheque or order.
I would however observe that instead of using a perforating stamp, the figure
may be indelibly indicated by cutting or snipping the paper of the cheque
immediately below or in the immediate vicinity of such figure by means of a
penknife or scissors or in any other way so that it cannot be repaired, the object
being to mark the figure representing the amount which the cheque or money order
must not exceed in such a way that it cannot be altered, in contradistinction to
writing or indicating the same in ink as heretofore.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SHOES FOR HORSES AND OTHER ANIMALS."
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Edward-Stoker-at the Office-
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 19th August 1880.
JOHN EDWARD STOKER, of the City and County of Cork, Ireland, Merchant.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SHOES FOR HORSES AND OTHER ANIMALS."
My Invention consists in forming shoes for horses and other animals in cast steel
and cast iron, instead of forming them from wrought iron by forging as is now usual,
and in securing in the said shoes and in ordinary horse shoes and shoes for other
animals studs or spikes, when owing to frost or other reason it is necessary to give
the horse or other animal a more secure foot hold than is given by smooth shoes.
In carrying out my Invention I form pattern shoes of the several forms and
sizes required, which patterns I use in preparing the moulds for casting, and I cast
The metal I prefer to use is
the metal in the said moulds in the ordinary manner.
steel, but in some cases I use iron, which I sometimes anneal after casting.
When it is required that the shoes shall be "roughed" in order to give the animal
to which they are secured a firm foothold on slippery roads, I form in the said
shoes screwed holes in which studs or spikes having screwed stems are secured, the
said studs being capable of being readily removed when necessary. In order to
prevent the said screwed holes becoming choked with dirt, plugs may be inserted
in them when they are not occupied by the said studs or spikes.
This part of my Invention is applicable to ordinary horse shoes.
When the studs or spikes are not required to be removeable I secure them to the
shoes by placing the said studs or spikes in the mould in which the shoes are to be
cast, the shanks of the said studs or spikes projecting into the hollow of the mould,
so that when the shoe is cast the heads of the said studs or spikes, project from the
face, of the shoe. In this way iron shoes having steel studs may be made, but if
preferred the studs may be of the same metal as the shoes.
In some cases instead of securing studs or spikes in the shoes as herein before
described, I cast on or in the faces of the said shoes projections, ridges, grooves or
furrows for the same purpose.
By my Invention horse shoes and shoes for other animals may be made much
more cheaply than by forging and more perfect in form, thereby ensuring greater
ease to the animal wearing them than ordinary shoes, and when made in cast
steel they are considerably more durable than ordinary shoes, and the said shoes
when formed to receive removeable studs or spikes are readily roughed or adapted
for travelling on roads rendered slippery by frost, the insertion of the said studs or
spikes requiring no skilled labour.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SHUTTLES FOR LOOMS."
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Comstive' and Joseph
Comstive at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 6th August
1880.
THOMAS COMSTIVE and JOSEPH COMSTIVE, both of Burnley, in the County of
Lancaster. IMPROVEMENTS IN SHUTTLES FOR LOOMS."
$
Our improvements are designed to remedy the defects that now exist in shuttles
constructed to hold or retain bobbins or spools on which the weft or woof is spun.
Heretofore a portion of the shuttle has been cut away to admit of a metal clip to
hold the head of the bobbin or spool, by which method the shuttle is considerably
reduced in strength, and the bobbin is also subject to a great amount of wear and
tear.
In our improvements we dispense with the metal clip or other like fixing, and form
or shape the interior of the shuttle so as to leave a recess or projection on each
side, in such manner that the said recess or projections will retain and secure the
head of the bobbin or spool when placed in the shuttle. We also form a stop in the
shuttle to determine the height or true position of the bobbin or spool. By these
improvements the foregoing defects are obviated.
A MITRAILLEUSE BURNER WITH IMMOVEABLE WICK AND MOVEABLE WICK'S CASE
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Franz Knopp at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 18th October 1880.
FRANZ KNOPP, Manufacturer, of Hoffergasse, No. 25, Vienna. "A MITRAILLEUSE
BURNER WITH IMMOVEABLE WICK AND MOVEABLE WICK'S CASE."
My improvements relate to so called mitrailleuse burners, or lamp burners
having a number of wicks arranged in a ring and burning simultaneously. Instead
of moving the wicks for regulating the flame I leave the wicks stationary and move
the tubes which enclose the upper parts of the wicks, the burner being composed of
a fixed and a movable part. To the lower or fixed part, which is screwed into the
lamp, are soldered a number of wick cases, which leave the upper parts of the
wicks exposed, and diverge slightly towards the top. The upper part of the burner
contains the upper wick cases, which fit over the top of the lower wick cases and
can be made to slide on the latter, thereby exposing a smaller or larger part of
the wicks. The wick cases are soldered to a perforated plate attached to a ring,
which forms the bottom of the movable (upper) portion of the burner. By this
arrangement all upper wick cases slide up or down simultaneously when the upper
part of the burner is moved up or down.
.
A NEW OR IMPROVED PROCESS FOR PRODUCING IMAGES ON PAPER
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Jasper Wetter at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 26th June 1880. A communication from
abroad by Siegmund Bergel, of Berlin, in the German Empire.
JASPER WETTER, of the Firm of Herbert and Company, Solicitors of Patents,
of 67, Strand, in the City of Westminster, Civil Engineer. "A NEW OR
IMPROVED PROCESS FOR PRODUCING IMAGES ON PAPER." A communication from
abroad by Siegmund Bergel, of Berlin, in the German Empire.
The object of this process is to produce on paper the contours of objects by
burning, in order to obtain images having the appearance of silhouettes.
The process consists in drawing or printing on paper the contours of an image by
means of a solution of 40 parts in weight of saltpetre, and 20 parts of gum arabic,
in 40 parts of warm water, or any other suitable solution which has the effect
hereafter described; the best paper for this purpose being thin placard paper. When
the drawing or print has become dry, and one of the lines thus produced bo touched
with a burning cigar, or a burning piece of wood, the spark so produced burns in a
short time the paper along the contours of the image, whereby an inner and an
outer silhouette is obtained. The finished silhouettes may then be laid on a sheet
of black or otherwise colored card board.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF GEAR WHEELS
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Hadfield at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 20th July 1880.
ROBERT HADFIELD, of Bloomsbury, in the County of Middlesex. "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF GEAR WHEELS."
This Invention relates more particularly to improvements in the manufacture
of steel gear wheels, but such improvements are also applicable to the manufacture
of other metal gear wheels.
Hitherto steel gear wheels have been made similar, both in design and propor-
tions, to wheels provided with arms and manufactured from metal, but owing.
principally to the double amount of contraction to be dealt with in steel, great
difficulty is experienced in obtaining anything like accuracy in the wheel rim.
Now my Invention has for its object to obviate the injurious effects arising
from such double contraction. In order to effect this, in casting my improved
wheel I dispense with the ordinary arms altogether, and cast a double disc or
continuous plate on each side of the wheel rim, such discs being cast simultaneously
with the nave and rim in one piece.
By this improved method of manufacture, I obtain at a single casting a complete
and compact hollow wheel of very strong section, as I am enabled by this improved
arrangement to very equally distribute the steel throughout the entire wheel, thus
allowing the same when cast to cool equally throughout, thereby ensuring great
accuracy in the wheel rim, and also avoiding any strains being set up in the wheel
owing to unequal cooling.
In order to provide for the escape of the air from tho large core, which forms
the inside of the wheel mould, when casting, as well as to allow of the removal of
the core after casting, I make round or other suitable perforations in the before-
mentioned disc plates.
My improved gear wheel may be moulded from a pattern, but I prefer to
mould the teeth by any of the wheel moulding machines that are ordinarily used
for that purpose.
Another advantage of my improved method of manufacture is, that I require
no loose box made to form the arms in the wheel, as practised in the ordinary

page_text: method of wheel moulding, it simply being requisite to have a wood strickle
revolving round a centre, by which arrangement I make the inside of the wheel
with a single core.
By this improved method of manufacture, I not only obtain a very superior
class of wheel, combining the double advantage of being accurate in proportions
and free from strains, but I am enabled to produce the same at a greatly reduced
cost, owing to the simplicity and efficiency of my improved process.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OR ORNAMENTATION OF MOULDINGS AND BEADINGS."
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Hugo Westman at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 26th July 1880.
HUGO WESTMAN, of Park Street, Birmingham, in the County of Warwick,
Manager of the Patent Wood Printing Company. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MANUFACTURE OR ORNAMENTATION OF MOULDINGS AND BEADINGS."
According to this Invention I produce mouldings and beadings of a very superior
character by printing ornamental designs thereon in one or more colours. For this
purpose I employ printing blocks with a surface more or less curved according to
the section of the moulding to be printed on, and of a yielding material or surface,
such as india rubber, in order to yield perfectly to the form of the moulding. The
mouldings are fed to the block by hand or machinery, and the block is moved up
and down by suitable gearing. Or the printing may be effected by a revolving or
oscillating circular or other curved printing block or roller, having the required
design formed on the surface.
The mouldings are especially applicable to slats or mounts for almanacs. By
this Invention I am enabled to produce them in a novel and ornamental form, and
so as to harmonize with the character or ornamentation of the almanac, also to
produce them at a much cheaper rate than heretofore. I may also utilize such
slats for containing names, advertisements, and other useful information.
END ATTACHMENTS
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Varney at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 10th February 1880.
WILLIAM VARNEY, in the employ of Messieurs John Paterson and Company, of
IMPROVEMENTS IN BRACE
Staining Lane, in the City of London, Manufacturers.
END ATTACHMENTS.”
"
This Invention relates to improvements in brace end attachments, and consists in
shaping and perforating a plate or strip of metal, and inserting the same between
two plys of leather or other material The metal is fixed in position by an eyelet,
and held rigidly by an edge sewing of the two plys of leather which serve as a
covering. The plate of metal is also perforated for the reception of eyelets, on which
the brace ends are free to move to enable them to adjust themselves to the distance
the buttons may be apart, and to the angle of strain put upon the brace from the
shoulder of the wearer. The metallic attachment is applicable to all kinds of "tabs"
for the back as well as for the front ends of the braces.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OR MODE OF SECURING THE FASTENINGS OF THE PERMANENT WAY OF RAILWAYS AND TRAMWAYS
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Reginald James Hinton and Sydney
William Yockney at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 14th
September 1880.
REGINALD JAMES HINTON, of Southall, in the County of Middlesex, and SYDNEY
WILLIAM YOCKNEY, Mem. Inst. C.E., of 46, Queen Anne's Gate, Westminster, in the
said County of Middlesex. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OR MODE OF
SECURING THE FASTENINGS OF THE PERMANENT WAY OF RAILWAYS AND
TRAMWAYS."
This Invention has for its object improvements in the method of securing the
fastenings of the permanent way of railways, and preventing the wooden or other
keys from shifting or slipping out of position in the chairs or other parts of the
permanent way of railways or tramways, by means of which greater and additional
security is provided.
The Invention consists in making cast iron, wrought iron, or steel chairs or
fastenings of ordinary or other form, with, in addition to the holes for fastening the
chairs to the sleepers, an additional hole or holes, or slot or slots in the jaw or upper
part of the chair, between which and the rail the key is fixed in position; through
this additional hole a nail, spike, plug, or screw of iron, wood, or other material
is driven into and attached to the wooden or other key, after the key is placed in
position, by which it can be held and moved, tightened, and prevented from
shifting or becoming loose or shaking out of the chair or fastening until the key is
required to be removed.
This additional hole or slot through which the nail, spike, plug, or screw is
driven, may be cast, drilled, punched, or tapped, as required, through a boss or
projection, so that the nail, spike, plug, or screw cannot be driven close to the face
of the chair to enable it to be driven easily when required; or the hole or slot may
be formed flush, or countersunk, or otherwise.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PIANOFORTES.
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Dixon at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 27th January 1880.
JOHN DIXON, of Darlington, in the County of Durham, Pianoforte Tuner.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN PIANOFORTES.'
"
The principal object of this Invention is to construct pianofortes in such a
manner as that they will not be so liable to get out of tune as they are as at present
constructed.
This defect in pianofortes I consider to be due to the present method of con-
struction in which the strings are drawn over a single sound-board or belly in
front of the perpendiculars which have to resist the tension, and which, owing to
the very great tension they are required to resist, generally become in the course of
time slightly arched, and consequently do not completely answer their required
purpose, and allow of the instrument getting very quickly lowered in tone.
In order to remedy this defect many instruments are made or fitted with extra
compensation bars in order to counteract the tension, but I propose to arrive at the
required result, without the use of such extra bars, by the following improvements,
wherein the perpendiculars alone are caused to act sufficiently as compensators :-
My Invention consists principally in the construction of pianofortes with two
bellies (instead of with one as in all existing instruments), with the strings strung
on the face of each belly, with the perpendiculars placed between the bellies in the
centre of the instrument, and by these means I find the tension is distributed
much more equally, and the above mentioned defect is to a very great extent
remedied.
The two bellies are joined to a frame allowing a space or cavity between them
of about three inches, and in this space or cavity I place the perdendiculars in such
a manner as that the tension will be directly on their ends. This can be effected
by placing half the strings on one belly and half on the other, the strings being
placed alternately on the one belly and on the other, an "A" string being on one,
A" on the other, "B" on the one and "C" on the other, and so on, alternately to
seven or more or less octaves as required.
"
By these means the perpendiculars will not be drawn out of their proper position,
and being made of metal, as I propose to make them, will afford compensation
for expansion or contraction caused by variation of temperature, and consequently
an instrument constructed in this manner will remain longer in tune than one made
as at present.

page_text: The perpendiculars being arranged in the cavity formed by the two bellies will
be encased as if in a box, and the whole arrangement will be very compact, and
on account of their tension being more distributed they can be made of considerably
less material than that required for the present instrument, and thus the complete
instrument will be rendered much lighter and more portable than existing 5
instruments, and moreover it may be reduced considerably in height without loss
of power.
IMPROVEMENTS IN TOP CLEARERS FOR THE DRAWING ROLLERS OF PREPARING AND SPINNING MACHINERY, AND IN DRIVING THE SAME."
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Roger Southworth at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 25th June 1880.
ROGER SOUTHWORTH, of Bolton, in the County of Lancaster, Mechanic.
IMPROVEMENTS IN TOP CLEARERS FOR THE DRAWING ROLLERS OF PREPARING
AND SPINNING MACHINERY, AND IN DRIVING THE SAME."
My Invention consists, firstly, in giving a positive motion to top 'clearers, and in
effecting this object I make use of a perforated belt of india rubber or other
material, attached to the inner surface of the top clearer, which belt is driven by a
spur wheel or projections on the driving shaft which gear into the perforations in
the belt; this belt works in recesses in the driver and driven shafts.
The second part of my Invention consists in lining the top clearer with a piece
of strong canvas or other fabric, which causes the clearer to run level and renders it
more durable and effective. This lining may be used in combination with the
perforated belt.
IMPROVEMENTS IN EXTRACTING GOLD AND OTHER METALS FROM SILICEOUS, ALUMINOUS, AND OTHER SUBSTANCES, AND IN OBTAINING ALUMINIUM BRONZE FROM ALUMINOUS RESIDUES AND CLAYS
Year: 1880

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Peter Dunker, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark,
North Britain, Manufacturing Chemist and Metal Smelter, for an Invention
of "IMPROVEMENTS IN EXTRACTING GOLD AND OTHER METALS FROM
SILICEOUS, ALUMINOUS, AND OTHER SUBSTANCES, AND IN OBTAINING
ALUMINIUM BRONZE FROM ALUMINOUS RESIDUES AND CLAYS."
(Void by reason of the Patentee having neglected to file a Specification in
pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Peter Dunker at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 20th September 1880.
JOHN PETER DUNKER, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North Britain,
Manufacturing Chemist and Metal Smelter. "IMPROVEMENTS IN EXTRACTING
GOLD AND OTHER METALS FROM SILICEOUS, ALUMINOUS, AND OTHER SUBSTANCES,
AND IN OBTAINING ALUMINIUM BRONZE FROM ALUMINOUS RESIDUES AND
CLAYS."
This Invention has for its object the extraction of gold and other metals in an
improved and economical manner from siliceous, aluminous, and other substances,
and the application of the same process for obtaining aluminium bronze from
aluminous residues and clays.
For obtaining gold the quartz or other siliceous or aluminous substance con-
taining it is smelted with a flux consisting principally of soda ash or potash, or a
mixture thereof, and with charcoal or other suitable carbonaceous matter, and
when the substances are in a inclted state metallic copper and zinc are added, with
the view of causing a development of electricity. By these means the gold is
brought to the metallic state, and may be purified in the ordinary way. The
copper employed may be in the condition in which it is precipitated in the
"wet" process for obtaining copper. The same process is applicable for obtaining
silver and other metals from ores and substances.

page_text: The same process is also employed for the obtainment of aluminium bronze.
The aluminous residue or waste or clay is dried and ground, and then melted with
a flux consisting principally of soda ash or potash, or a mixture thereof, and with
charcoal or other suitable carbonaceous matter, and copper and zinc are added with
the view of developing electricity. The aluminium is brought to the metallic state, 5
and combines with the copper to form aluminium bronze.
The smelting process may be conducted in ordinary crucibles or in pots such as
are used by glass makers, or in other suitable apparatus or furnaces.
AN IMPROVED CIRCULATING MEDIUM, TO BE USED IN APPARATUS IN WHICH WATER HAS BEEN HERETOFore USED FOR HEATING PURPOSES
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Robert Lake at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 23rd October 1880.
A com-
"
munication from abroad by Bruno Bernhardi, of Stassfurt, Germany, Director
of the Stassfurter Cheinische Fabrik," formerly Vorster & Grüneberg,
of Stassfurt aforesaid.
WILLIAM ROBERT LAKE, of the Firm of Haseltine, Lake, & Co., Patent Agents,
Southampton Buildings, London. "AN IMPROVED CIRCULATING MEDIUM, TO BE
USED IN APPARATUS IN WHICH WATER HAS BEEN HERETOFore USED FOR
HEATING PURPOSES." [A communication from abroad by Bruno Bernhardi, of
Stassfurt, Germany, Director of the "Stassfurter Chemische Fabrik," formerly
Vorster & Grüneberg, of Stassfurt aforesaid.]
This Invention relates to the utilization of an improved circulating medium in
apparatus in which water has been hitherto used for heating houses, ovens, and the
like.
In carrying this Invention into practice, I use a solution of chloride of
magnesium in place of the water with which such apparatus have hitherto been
filled.
This solution need not necessarily be free from other salts; the concentration or
strength of this solution may vary according to circumstances, and as a rule
increases in proportion to the intensity of the cold to which it may have to be
exposed.
This filling material is used with apparatus of the same kind and in the same
manner as water, that is to say, it may be pumped through the apparatus or
otherwise treated like water in the working. This new filling material or liquid
offers the important advantages over a filling of water, that it will not freeze, and
therefore obviates the expensive and troublesome repairs and interruptions in the
working necessitated by frost in water-heating apparatus; furthermore it does not
evaporate, consequently air-bubbles cannot rise in the apparatus, and refilling and
pumping through becomes unnecessary; furthermore the boiling point of this filling
inaterial or liquid is much higher than that of water, and thus a materially higher
degree of heat can be transmitted even at proportionately less tension in the
apparatus than is possible with water alone.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINES FOR THE MORE EFFICIENT & SPEEDY SEPARATION OF POTATOES."
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Daniel Bragg at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 1st July 1880.
DANIEL BRAGG, of Southwaite, in the County of Cumberland.
"IMPROVEMENTS
IN MACHINES FOR THE MORE EFFICIENT & SPEEDY SEPARATION OF POTATOES."
My Invention relates to machines for the more efficient and speedy separation of
potatoes, and in a machine for this purpose according to my Invention I employ
two oscillating screens fitted with strong wire riddles, and worked from the same
shaft by two eccentrics, one for each shaker; they can be raised or lowered as may
be requisite at the end of the delivery. The upper screen carries off the
marketable potatoes, the lower carries off the seed potatoes, the small potatoės, soil,
gravel, etc., falling through on to another screen which carries off the small
potatoes to the side, while the soil, gravel, etc., pass through the screen to the
ground below. This screen is hinged to one side of the machine frame, is tapered,
and slopes downward rather quickly. To assist the screen in effecting separation,
I provide a stout cord attached to its narrower and lower end, and passing over a
loose grooved pulley, and fixed to the top shaker. When the machine is working
this cord is acted upon by the top shaker, and gives the bottom screen a rise and
fall of, say, three inches (more or less). The machine is constructed with a strong
frame and hopper for the reception of the potatoes with adjustable slide for
regulating the supply.
AN IMPROVED INSTRUMENT TO BE USED IN 'DIALLING' AND SURVEYING, PART OF WHICH IS ALSO APPLICABLE TO BUILDING AND OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Edward Garforth at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 19th August 1880.
WILLIAM EDWARD GARFORTH, of Normanton, in the West Riding of the
County of York, Mining Engineer. "AN IMPROVED INSTRUMENT TO BE USED IN
'DIALLING' AND SURVEYING, PART OF WHICH IS ALSO APPLICABLE TO BUILDING
AND OTHER PURPOSES."
This Invention consists principally of an improved adjustable "plumb-bob" for
marking the exact position of the centre of the dial on the roof of the under-
ground passage or drift when "dialling" for mining and tunnelling purposes.
Hitherto this has been done by merely holding the cord of the "bob" against
the roof till properly adjusted, and then marking the point by the hand with a
piece of chalk or otherwise, but this was always more or less inaccurate, because
the thumb or finger which held the cord had to be removed before the chalk or
other mark could be made.
My Invention consists of a small bracket or frame in which moves a slide, which
is adjustable both in a longitudinal and transverse direction by means of rackwork
or screws.
rr
The projecting portion of this slide carries a double axial bearing (similar to the
gimbals" of a ship's compass), and to the central point thereof is attached a
short tube, in which is fixed the upper end of the cord which supports the "bob."
Thus it will be evident that when the bracket is held against the roof, the line
or cord will always be "plumb," and it can be adjusted in either direction by
means of the rackwork or screws.
At the top of the "bob" the cord passes through the centre of an adjustable
clip, by means of which the cord can be lengthened or shortened, and in addition
to this the "bob" is provided with a screw, so that its height can be adjusted to
the greatest nicety.
Sliding upon the tube in the centre of the "gimbals" is a split tube, carrying
at its upper end a small chalk point, and when the "plumb-bob" has been adjusted
accurately to the centre of the dial this tube is moved upwards, and the chalk
point marks with the greatest accuracy the centre of the dial upon the roof.

page_text: A slight modification of the same instrument can be also used for setting out
certain angles either by the dial or the theodolite, and by that means dispense
with the legs and other cumbersome appliances in general use for such purposes.
It will also be evident that this instrument can be applied for other surveying and
also for building purposes where it is desirable to mark any particular spot with
great accuracy.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PRINTERS' QUOINS
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Carlo Giuseppe Squintani at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 20th January 1880.
CARLO GIUSEPPE SQUINTANI, of Ludgate Circus Buildings, in the City of
London, Merchant and Manufacturer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN PRINTERS' QUOINS."
This Invention relates to improvements in printers' quoins, the object of the
Invention being to so construct such quoins and connect them together that they
may be easily and quickly applied to or removed from a "chase" and "forme,
the locking up of the "forme" being effected in a simple and effective manner.
و"
In carrying out my Invention the quoins are formed in pairs; one quoin of each
pair is grooved on its inclined edge, and the other is provided with a slotted tongue
fitting in the said groove, a pin passing through the grooved quoin and through the
slot in the other quoin so as to keep the two inclined sides of the quoins together.
Each quoin is provided with suitable slots or holes to allow of inserting a key for
operating the quoins.
IMPROVED BRAKE GEAR, APPLICABLE TO CARTS, WAGGONS, AND SIMILAR VEHICLES
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Stott at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 5th July 1880.
HENRY STOTT, of West Vale, near Halifax, in the County of York, Cotton
Doubler. "IMPROVED BRAKE GEAR, APPLICABLE TO CARTS, WAGGONS, AND
SIMILAR VEHICLES."
This Invention has special reference to carts or two wheeled vehicles, and the
object of these improvements is to keep the weight off the horse's back when the
brake is applied in descending a hill or steep place. Hitherto in the present
construction of carts, as soon as the brake is applied, the weight of the cart and its
contents is thrown forward in the direction the cart is moving, and the weight is
This Invention is intended to remedy
consequently placed upon the horse's back.
this evil, which I accomplish in the following manner :-Underneath the cart I
place two short shafts, on which are fixed spur wheels gearing with other spur
Upon these two short shafts are
wheels fixed on the bosses of the cart wheels.
also placed the brake, which consists of pulleys and iron straps, the inside of which
As soon as the brake is applied
is covered with leather or other suitable material.
the spur wheels which are on the short shafts holds or retards the other spur
wheels on the bosses of the cart wheels, and prevents them running too quickly,
while at the same time the weight of the cart and its contents is thrown backward
This construction
instead of forward, and the weight is kept off the horse's back.
of brake also prevents the obnoxious noise now occassioned by the brakes at
present in use, and it is equally applicable to waggons and other conveyances.
NEW OR IMPROVED MEANS AND METHOD OF FIXING SHOES TO THE HOOFS OF HORSES
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Morcombe Bromley Baker at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 23rd January 1880.
JOHN MORCOMBE BROMLEY BAKER, of 5, Southampton Buildings, in the County
of Middlesex. "NEW OR IMPROVED MEANS AND METHOD OF FIXING SHOES TO
THE HOOFS OF HORSES."
According to this Invention I fix the shoe to the horse's hoof without driving
nails thereinto as heretofore, and this I propose to effect substantially in the
following manner. I take a shoe, which may be of ordinary construction, having,
say, four holes therein; through these holes I pass bands or wires of metal or other
suitable material, two of which extend from or near the hinder extremities of the
shoe, and the other two a short distance from either side of the toe; this position
might be varied where any other number of bands is employed. The other ends
of the aforesaid bands or wires are connected together either by a ring or otherwise,
thus binding as it were the shoe on to the hoof, and the bands or wires are made
perfectly tight by the form of the hoof. In order to fix a shoe to the boof according
to this Invention I first draw the two hinder wires or bands tightly round the front
and upper part or corona of the hoof, the ends of the said bands or wires passing
through a ring or buckle, or they may be twisted together; the ends of the other
wires or bands are likewise passed through the ring or under the other bands or
wires and being tightly drawn downwards, owing to the conformation of the hoof,
the hinder wires or bands are, as it were, wedged tightly, thus fixing the shoe firmly
to the hoof.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE TREATMENT OF FATTY MATTERS FOR THE RECOVERY OF USEFUL PRODUCTS THEREFROM, AND IN APPARATUS USED IN SUCH TREATMENT
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Anthony Burghardt at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 23rd July 1880.
.
CHARLES ANTHONY BURGHARDT, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster,
Analytical and Consulting Chemist. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE TREATMENT OF
FATTY MATTERS FOR THE RECOVERY OF USEFUL PRODUCTS THEREFROM, AND IN
APPARATUS USED IN SUCH TREATMENT."
My Invention relates more particularly to the treatment of the stearine or fatty
matters resulting from processes whereby such matters are recovered from waste
washings or liquors from dye or print works, or from other waste liquors. Such
matters usually contain alizarine. To recover the said alizarine I subject the said
matters to distillation at a temperature of about 360 to 400 degrees Fahrenheit,
and I condense or collect the stearine or fat which is distilled from the said matters,
and I treat the residue with methylated spirits, alcohol, or other solvent of alizarine
in order to dissolve or extract the alizarine. The distillation may be effected in a
jacketed vessel which is heated by means of steam or hot air, or by means of a
bath of sand or glycerine, or by other suitable means.
The distillate may pass
over and may be condensed as in the ordinary stills, or the still may be fitted with
a close fitting lid, which is formed with a trough in which the distillate collects.
To effect the solution of the alizarine I employ any suitable apparatus, or I employ
a double vessel, and into the lower chamber I introduce the solvent and apply heat
thereto. Between the two chambers is a filter consisting or composed of felt,
asbestos, glass-wool, or other suitable filtering medium. When alcohol or other
volatile solvent is used, means are employed to condense the vapour to prevent
excessive loss of solvent. The above named residue is placed in the upper chamber
and the solvent in the lower chamber is heated until it boils, and passes upwards
through the filter into the upper chamber. After a suitable interval the application
of heat is discontinued, and the solvent returns through the filter into the lower
chamber, carrying with it a portion of the alizarine in solution. The boiling and
cooling operations are repeated until the alizarine is completely extracted or
thereabouts. The solution is then evaporated, the solvent being condensed and
recovered, and the resultant alizarine, if not sufficiently pure, is purified by ordinary
[Prine 1

page_text: or suitable means. The stearine or fat separated from the matters by distillation
may be treated with sulphuric acid to dissolve any alizarine which may have
I may
distilled over, and be afterwards washed and purified by suitable means.
effect the distillation by the direct action of steam or air having a suitable
temperature. A lower temperature than is herein indicated will evolve the stearine
or fat, but not so well as the higher temperature.
MACHINERY FOR TWISTING AND DOUBLING FIBRES."
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Farrar at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 6th April 1880.
JOSEPH FARRAR, of Halifax, in the County of York.
MACHINERY FOR TWISTING AND DOUBLING FIBRES."
"IMPROVEMENTS IN
The object of this Invention is to twist or double more yarn in a given time
than can be done in the present construction of machine. The improvements
consist in a combination and arrangement of parts, together with an arrangement
of speeds of certain parts for effecting this object. The parts combined and arranged
are somewhat as follows:-I dispenso with the ordinary bobbin creel above the
machine. Instead of a single row of spindles as is now used in front or below the
delivery rollers I here adopt two rows of spindles, and place them both below the
said delivery rollers, such spindles being driven by bands, separate and independent
of each other, from the ordinary tin cylinder or grooved pullies. Upon the back row
of the above named two rows of spindles are placed the bobbins from which the
yarn is to be unwound and twisted. As many threads as are required to be twisted
or doubled will be wound onto these bobbins beforehand; the yarn will then pass
from this back row of spindles (receiving half the required twist) to the aforesaid
delivery rollers, which are caused to revolve at double the usual speed; the
partially twisted yarn then passes between tho said rollers, and onto the bobbins
on the front row of spindles when the remainder of the required twist will be put
in the yarn as it so passes. It will thus be seen that by employing two rows of
spindles arranged as described above, and putting twist into the yarn in two places
at one and the same time, I am enabled to run the delivery rollers at double the
ordinary speed, and thereby produce double or about double the quantity of work,
whilst the spindles run about their usual speed.
This Invention is equally applicable whether the yarn is twisted by means of a
cap, cup, flyer, or ring.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF MOSAIC OR ORNAMENTED ARTICLES, ESPECIALLY SLABS, TABLETS, AND TILES
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Hubert Settle at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 25th November 1880.
WILLIAM HUBERT SETTLE, of Horncastle, in the County of Lincoln.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF MOSAIC OR ORNAMENTED ARTICLES,
ESPECIALLY SLABS, TABLETS, AND TILES."
According to my Invention I make mosaic or ornamented articles, especially
slabs, tablets, and tiles, by securing together with metallic suitable thread, wire,
or the like, so as to produce the required design, a number of glass or other beads, or
perforated pieces of suitable materials, of appropriate colors, which I then bed in
a cement backing, which may form the body of a slab, tablet, or tile.
The beads or perforated pieces of material may be secured together as aforesaid,
by thread, wire, or the like, in various ways, according to the effect desired, and
various articles of manufacture may have my Invention applied thereto.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CLOTHS TECHNICALLY KNOWN AS EIGHT SHAFT CORDS
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Coomer and Samuel Shepherd
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 24th August 1880.
JOHN COOMER, of Cheetham Hill, near Manchester, and SAMUEL SHEPHERD, of
Spotland, near Rochdale, both in the County of Lancaster. "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE MANUFACTURE OF CLOTHS TECHNICALLY KNOWN AS EIGHT SHAFT CORDS."
Our Invention refers to improvements in the mode of weaving certain cotton
cloths known as eight shaft cords, having six ends of warp to each rib of cord.
The advantages obtained by adopting our new method of making this cloth
being,―
1st. That the cloth thus made is less liable to be damaged in the process of
cutting, on account of the inside of the back being smooth or plain, and not
twilled as cloth made in the old way.
2nd. The cloth made by our new method has a much more curly appearance on
the face when finished, at a much lighter weight than can be produced on cloth
made by the old method, a thing so very desirable in the fustian trade.
3rd. Cloth produced by our system is stronger and more fit for wearing apparel,
being better bound together than the old cloth.
The annexed diagrams show the old and the new methods of making this cloth.
By referring to No. 1 Figure it will be seen,-
No. 1 is a face pick passing under 7th and 12th ends.
No. 2 is a face pick passing under 1st and 6th ends.
No. 3 is a back pick passing under 2nd, 4th, 6th, 8th, 10th, 12th ends.
No. 4 is a face pick passing under 7th and 12th ends.
No. 5 is a face pick passing under 1st and 6th ends.
No. 6 is a back pick passing under 1st, 3rd, 5th, 7th, 9th, 11th.
The pattern repeats itself after the 6th pick, being 6 picks to the round or
repeat. It will be seen that every third pick is a back pick and intersects each
warp thread.
IMPROVEMENTS IN WINDLASSES
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Waters at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 13th November 1880.
JOSEPH WATERS, of Port Isaac, in the County of Cornwall, Merchant Captain.
IMPROVEMENTS IN WINDLASSES."
This Invention relates to improvements in steam or hand windlasses, the object
being to prevent surging or fleeting of the cable when hauling in or paying out.
In windlasses as usually constructed the barrel is carried between bits, one at each
end, in which the barrel, in the case of hand windlasses, can be rotated by the well
known rocking crossheads or otherwise, and the cable is led from the hawse pipe
to the barrel, taking the necessary turns around it, and then through the compresser
down to the chain locker."
Now in my Invention instead of carrying the windlass barrel entirely between
the bits, I place a portion of it outside of them; by this it will be understood that
the supporting bit at each end of the barrel is arranged between the inner portion
of it which receives the chain from the hawse pipe, and the outer portion from
which the chain is led to the locker.
The bit is provided with a roller at the part where the chain crosses it from
the inner to the outer portion of the barrel; this is for the purpose of reducing the
friction and promoting the easy. action of the chain while on the barrel; guide
chocks or rollers are also placed on the deck, or bits where necessary, for the same
purpose.
The windlass barrel may be driven in any of the well known ways, and when
gearing is employed and the barrel is loose on its axle, I connect the barrel to the
gearings when hauling in by a key carried by a portion of the gearing, and which
key can be caused to take into a recess in the barrel by a screw or other simple
arrangement.
As a modification I sometimes place the supporting bits at the extreme ends of
the barrels; in that case I divide each end of the barrel into two parts, and place a
roller between them, carried on the deck or otherwise, this roller assisting the travel
of the chain from the receiving to the delivery portion of the barrel as described for
the bit.
The advantage of my Invention over the clutch and cone arrangement is greater
strength and less liability for the chain to get fouled over the whelp wheel.