A NEW COMPOSITION OF INDIAN-RUBBER MASTIC OR CEMENT, MADE IN A MORE OR LESS FLUID STATE ACCORDING TO THE USE TO BE MADE OF IT, AND THE PROCESS OR CONTRIVANCE FOR APPLYING THE SAME
Year: 1865

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Auguste Aimé Lerenard, of Rue Pali Kao, l'aris
Belleville, in the Empire of France, Indian-rubber Manufacturer,
for the Invention of "A NEW COMPOSITION OF INDIAN-RUBBER MASTIC OR
CEMENT, MADE IN A MORE OR LESS FLUID STATE ACCORDING TO THE USE TO
BE MADE OF IT, AND THE PROCESS OR CONTRIVANCE FOR APPLYING THE SAME,"
Sealed the 3rd April 1866, and dated the 12th October 1865.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Auguste Aimé Lerenard
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 12th October 1865.
1, AUGUSTE AIME LERENARD, of Rue Pali Kao, Paris, Belleville, in the
Empire of France, Indian-rubber Manufacturer, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "A NEW COMPOSITION OF INDIAN-RUBBER MASTIC
OR CEMENT, MADE IN A MORE OR LESS FLUID STATE ACCORDING TO THE USE TO
BE MADE OF IT, AND THE PROCESS OR CONTRIVANCE FOR APPLYING THE SAME,"
to be as follows;-
For manufacturing this improved indian-rubber mastic or cement I
take, firstly, indian-rubber, either vulcanised or not, which I dissolve in
thick tar oil obtained from gasworks; secondly, rag paper pulp; thirdly,
potters or other clay; fourthly, red earth, ochre, or any other similar
coloured substance; fifthly, flower of sulphur. I first prepare the indian-
rubber by trituration in the usual way between rollers in a cold state; I
then dissolve it in tar oil, the mixture being made in a suitable kettle sot
on the fire. The paper pulp is prepared with rag paper steeped in water,
beaten in a trough, and put in a caldron with water and potash to get a
Price 877

page_text: caustic lie to take off or destroy the size; it is then boiled down and the
pulp is skimmed out and dried up; the dried pulp is pounded before
mixing it with the dissolved indian-rubber, this being performed between
rollers. I then introduce the clay, the red ochre, and the flower of
sulphur. The mixture is made in varying the proportions of the several
materials according to the use to be made of the compound. In a
somewhat solid state it is used for making steam or water pipe joints.
while in a more fluid state it is used for coating cloth, boards, paper, and
other articles to preserve them from damp, it can then be laid on with a
brush or by any other suitable means. For coating cloth, I prefer to use
instead of a brush, rollers suitably disposed on a frame, and to have cloth
running through a bath of hot indian-rubber cement to be wound up
round a roller and be thus carried in a vulcanising basin. To make 37 lbs.
weight of my mastic or cement, 1 use about 12 lbs. of solution of
indian-rubber, 6 lbs. of paper pulp, 12 lbs. of plastic clay, 4 lbs. of
red ochre or other colouring matter, and 3 lbs. of flower of sulphur. For
hydraulic or gas joints no flower of sulphur is needed, but paper pulp
should be used in greater quantity. In the composition of the water-
proofing coating there is only dissolved indian-rubber and clay, in
proportions varying with the use to be made of it.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Auguste Aimé Lerenard in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 10th April 1866.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, 1, AUGUSTE
AIME LERENARD, of Rue Pali Kao, Paris, Belleville, in the Empire of
France, India-rubber Manufacturer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twelfth day of October, in the year of
Our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-five, in the twenty-ninth
year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and
grant unto me, the said Auguste Aimé Lerenard, Her special licence that
I, the said Auguste Aimé Lerenard, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, or such others as I, the said Auguste Aimé Lerenard, my ex-
ecutors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and
no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and

page_text: vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "A NEW
COMPOSITION OF INDIAN-RUBBER MASTIC OR CEMENT, MADE IN A MORE OR LESS
FLUID STATE ACCORDING TO THE USE TO BE MADE OF IT, AND THE PROCESS OR
CONTRIVANCE FOR APPLYING THE SAME," upon the condition (amongst others)
that I, the said Auguste Aimé Lerenard, my executors or administrators,
by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands
and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the
said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and
cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Auguste Aimé Lerenard, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is
to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement:-
After several experiments I have succeeded in making a new and im-
proved indian-rubber mastic or cement in the following manner:-I
take, firstly, indian-rubber, vulcanized or not, which I dissolve in thick
tar oil obtained in the purification of illuminating gas; secondly, rag
paper pulp from which the sizing has been removed; thirdly, potters' or
other clay; fourthly, red earth or ochre when I wish to get a reddish
coloured mastic, but I may substitute other coloured substances accord-
ing to the hue which I am desirous of obtaining; fifthly, flower of sulphur.
The preparation of the indian-rubber before mixing it with the other
materials which enter into the composition of the mastic consists in its
trituration in a cold state between rollers by the usual process, after
which I dissolve it as before stated in thick tar oil, and I then put this
mixture into a suitable kettle set directly on the fire, taking care, how-
ever, to cover it so as to prevent the escape of gas, which if ignited would
be dangerous. This gas can be conveyed out of the kettle by a suitable
tube. To prepare the paper pulp I take rag paper and steep it in water
for about 24 hours. This steeped stuff is then put into a common
beating trough and thoroughly beaten. The pulp thus obtained is put
into a caldron with a suitable quantity of water, in which as much
potash is dissolved as will make a caustic lie to take off or destroy the
size. The caldron is put on the fire and its contents boiled during at
least one hour. Instead of potash quicklime or Portland or any other
hydraulic cement may be used, and I prefer the latter agent. After
this operation is finished I take the pulp out of the caldron with a large
perforated ladle and pour it into cloth bags, which are put under a press

page_text: in order to squeeze out the water. The pulp is then left to dry in a hot
room or in the open air. This pulp must be well pounded before using
it in the mixture. The mixing is always performed between rollers,
which are then heated inside by steam, some solution of indian-rubber is
first poured between the rollers, then some pounded paper pulp, again
indian-rubber solution, and then again paper pulp, and so on until the
whole quantity of both these materials is mixed together. I then intro-,
duce the clay in a plastic or doughy state between the rollers, together
with the mixture already made, then the red cchre or any other colouring
material. The whole composition must be run between the rollers till
all its materials are thoroughly incorporated. Lastly, some flour of
sulphur is added. This composition of five materials is run between the
rollers a little time, then the rollers are tightly compressed together and
the scraper is applied to the roller which runs the fastest, in order to
take off the mixture, which falls into a vessel placed to receive it. This
mixture is pressed again between the rollers as often as may be necessary
to the complete incorporation of its ingredients. This cement or mastic
is for making steam joints, and the relative proportion of its component.
parts is approximately as follows:-To make 36 pounds of mastic, I
take about 12 lbs. of solution of indian-rubber, 6 lbs. of rag paper pulp,
12 lbs. of plastic clay, 4 lbs. of red ochre or other colouring material.
and 2 lbs. of flower of sulphur; total, 36 lbs. As evaporation will
decrease the weight of the materials used, in weighing them a trifle more
than the weight ought to be taken of each. For water or gas joints
sulphur must not be added to the mixture, and for gas joints more paper
pulp must be added. This cement may be used generally as a water-
proofing or anti-hygrometric coating, but for such purpose it is composed
of indian-rubber and clay only, in various proportions according to the
applications for which it is intended, and if desired it may be made (suffi-
ciently fluid) to be applied with a brush. In this state it can be used
for coating cloth, boards, pasteboard, or paper for roofing after the paper
is fixed, for any kind of tissue, for paper and pasteboard, and for many
other purposes, such as for cart or waggon tilts, tents, camping equip-
ments, all articles of saddlery, paper plates for roofing, for packing up
goods to be sent across the sea, and also for cloth or canvass pipes, in
which the adherence of this cement on the cloth enrolled on itself as many
times as necessary to get the required thickness gives a greater resistance
than any similar pipes manufactured by the process in actual use. their
strength can be still further increased by rolling up a wire cloth. which
may be substituted in lieu of the ordinary hemp cloth when the pipes
have to stand a high temperature, in this latter instance more particu-|

page_text: larly it would be advisable to wind a helical wire betwixt the cloth. It
may also be applied to walls and floors to prevent damp, and on woollen
carpets to preserve them, for coating the lower part of posts which are
to be placed in the ground, for the top parts of the same to preserve
them from the effects of rain, for coating the leather belts or straps of
machinery to make them stronger and more durable, but it must be put
on them while they are running, to coat the hulls of ships up to the water
line and under the sheathing, to take off the teredo worms and other
wood-destroying insects, and to prevent leakage in wood or brickwork
basins or channels. It can be very usefully employed for coating fences
or agricultural implements, for coating over graftings of fruit trees, and
for excoriations of the trunks and branches of trees. In a more liquid
state rings may be drawn with it round the trunks of trees to prevent
caterpillars or other mischievous insects from ascending them.
The application of the before-described india-rubber cement over the
cloth which is to be penetrated and waterproofed being an operation
requiring care and precautions, it cannot be quickly and regularly per-
formed by hand, and I have therefore invented for this purpose a process
and machinery which are represented on the annexed Sheet of Drawing,
and which I will now describe. The Figures 1 and 2 shew the side view
and plan of the said machine drawn to a scale of 10. The cloth to be
coated is wound on a roller E, the axles of which run on bearings fitted on
a frame A, B, C, D, carrying the whole arrangement. As it unrolls from
the cylinder E, the cloth enters a pan or basin F, containing the cement,
kept in a fluid state by steam running around the pan in a hollow casing
V, into which it is conveyed by the pipe t from the boiler. An escape-
cock G at the upper part of the hollow casing allows the steam to escape
when necessary, and a lower stop-cock P is used to run off the condensed
water. The course travelled by the cloth to be coated over is shewn by
arrows; it enters into the fluid cement and runs between two rollers,
which are also within the said fluid cement; the lower roller. b runs in
steady bearings, whilst the bearings of the upper roller d can slide in a
vertical groove; the latter bearings are pressed down by weights o, heavy
enough to squeeze the cloth as it runs between the rollers. The cloth then
issues from the pan through an aperture, which is closed by a valve S
hinging at n, which is kept closed by a counterpoise N fixed at the end of
a lever. The valve S acts as a scraper, and takes off from the cloth the
overplus of the cement it might otherwise carry along with it. As it
passes out from the pan the coated cloth is rolled round a hollow cast-
iron cylinder H, but to prevent the sticking of each roll of this cloth
together, the rolls must be isolated from each other; this result is

page_text: obtained by means of two other cloths J, J', issuing the one from an
upper roller I, the other from a lower roller 1'. The axles of the rollers
carrying the insulating cloths run upon cross pieces of the frame, and
the rollers dip in pans B', B", containing an insulating liquid, through
which the cloths run and with which they become impregnated before
reaching the point at which they roll up betwixt the india-rubber coated
cloth. In order to have the insulating cloth rollers always dipping into
the liquid composition in the pans B', B", the latter are kept suspended
by the aid of counterweights p, 2', tied to the end of ropes running over
pulleys. In order to have the coated cloth regularly rolled on and spread
over the roller H, it is squeezed by the squeezing rollers c, d, the one
running above, the other one beneath. The axles of the squeezing
rollers are carried by levers L, L', hinging at i, i', on the uprights of
the frame, and counterpoises Q, Q', weigh on the end of said levers so
as to force the first one downwards and the second one upwards, as shewn
Figure 1. As it issues from the pan F the end of the coated cloth is
fastened on the cylinder H, which is set in motion either by means of the
handle M or of a belt running over the pulley K. The handle and
pulley are keyed fast to the ends of a shaft carrying a pinion » gearing
with the wheel R, which is fastened on the cylinder H, on which the
cloth is rolled up. When the coated cloth is rolling itself up on the
cylinder Hit naturally unrolls from the upper roller L to enter the
pan F; in order to have it regularly unrolling and stretched out as it
runs through the fluid cement it is necessary to place a break on the
shaft of the cylinder E; the break shewn on the Drawing consists of a
grooved pulley of a large diameter, over which runs a rope having a
weight U hanging at its end. Similar breaks are fitted on the rollers
I, I', of the insulating cloths for the same purpose. Any other con
It must be
trivance producing the same effect may be employed.
observed that the cloth, paper, or pasteboard coated with india-rubber
cement must be vulcanized in order to give it suppleness and prevent
its sticking. The vulcanization is produced by steam; the cylinder on
which the coated and insulating cloths are rolled up is carried in a
digester kettle, in which heat is produced to a higher or lower degree,
according to the degree of vulcanization required and the nature of the
various articles operated upon.
Another application consists of making glass and emery cloth or paper
employed for polishing wood and metals; this is performed by strewing
glass or emery powder by means of a sieve over the coated cloth or paper
as it issues from the pan, the adhesive property of the cement retains

page_text: this powder as well and even better than the best glue, and permits
polishing with water, as is required in some circumstances.
Finally, this mastic or cement may be used for coating rough cloth or
canvass woven either with fibrous materials or wire for the purpose of
making high-pressure steam joints; in that case, instead of fluid cement,
the said rough cloths should be coated with indian-rubber mastic of a
doughy consistency, and then vulcanized by the usual process.
In conclusion, I claim as my Invention,―
Firstly, the manufacture of indian-rubber mastic or cement, made as
herein-before described of indian-rubber, pure or vulcanized; rag paper
pulp, potters or other plastic clay, red earth or ochre, or any other
colouring oxide of the like kind, and flower of sulphur, such materials
being worked and mixed together in the manner and proportions herein-
before clearly described, so as to obtain mastic or cement more or less
plastic or fluid, to suit the use to be made of it.
Secondly, the process described for performing the trituration and
solution of the indian-rubber, as well as its thorough mixture with the
other materials entering into the composition of the said mastic or
cement.
Thirdly, the process and apparatus described for coating cloth with the
said cement.
Fourthly, and lastly, I claim the use of the india-rubber or mastic or
cement of my Invention for all the purposes enumerated in this Specifi-
cation, and its application to any other similar objects to which, on
account of its highly adhesive and drying properties, it is better suited
than any other compound of a similar kind employed to this day for
similar purposes.
In witness whereof, I, the said Auguste Aimé Lerenard, have
hereunto set my hand and seal, this Twenty-sixth day of March,
in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-six.
Signed and sealed in the
presence of
D'AUBREVILLE, C.E.
A. LERENARD. (L.S.)