IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF REFINED SUGAR
Year: 1867

page_text: in the County of Middlesex, Gentleman, for the Invention of "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF REFINED SUGAR."-A communication from
abroad by Edward Peers Eastwick, of Baltimore, Maryland, United
States of America.
Sealed the 7th January 1868, and dated the 11th July 1867.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Henry Johnson at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
11th July 1867.
I, JOHN HENRY JOHNSON, of 47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the County of
Middlesex, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF REFINED SUGAR," a communication to
me from abroad by Edward Peers Eastwick, of Baltimore, Maryland, United
States of America, to be as follows:--
This Invention consists of a mode of converting sugar of one quality into
solutions of different qualities, each solution to be used in the manufacture of
such grades of refined sugar as its quality is best adapted to, and relates to
what may be termed the primary process in the manufacture of refined sugar,
namely, to the melting or dissolving, and not to any subsequent processes, such
as draining or purging.
The crude sugar is first deprived of its gross impurities, such as pieces
of stone, after which (should it be necessary) the sugar. is reduced to a
homogeneous mass by passing it between rollers or by any other treatment,

page_text: after which it is mixed in a proper vessel by any suitable mechanism,
and moistened by water so as to reduce it to a pasty consistency, in which
condition it is placed in the centrifugal machine, which I prefer to be of larger
dimensions than those in ordinary use. The machine being set in motion the
first solution thrown off is that derived from the portion of the sugar dissolved
by the preliminary moistening above alluded to, and this solution consists
largely of impurities coating the crystal. The moistening and forcing of this
solution from the sugar may be termed the first stage of the process, the
solution being conveyed to a suitable vessel or tank by any convenient
arrangement; water and steam are then applied by sprinkling in jets or
otherwise to the sugar within the centrifugal machine, and another solution
is thrown off, but conducted to a separate vessel or tank; thus the process
may be continued stage after stage in as many subdivisions as may be desired
until the sugar is entirely dissolved, care being taken that the solution pro-
duced by one stage of process is conducted to a different vessel from that
which received the product of a previous stage of the process. Of the solutions
thus obtained that produced during the first stage is of a weak and inferior
quality, and that produced during the last stage of the process is the superior
or strongest quality. The sugar to be dissolved may be immediately placed
in the centrifugal machine in a dry condition by any suitable contrivance, and
then operated upon by successive sprinklings of water and jets of steam, as
above, and otherwise treated to produce the desired results. The process also
applies to melado and also to molasses after it has been granulated, and when
it is desired to re-dissolve it. The solutions are separately clarified and filtered
and applied to the production of such grades of refined sugar as their strengths
admit of.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said John Henry Johnson in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
11th January 1868.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOHN
HENRY JOHNSON, of 47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the County of Middlesex,
Gentleman, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Eleventh day of July, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and sixty-seven, in the thirty-first year of Her reign,
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said

page_text: John Henry Johnson, Her special license, that I, the said John Henry
Johnson, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the
said John Henry Johnson, my executors, administrators, or assigns, should
at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times
thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make,
use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF REFINED SUGAR," a communication to me from
abroad by Edward Peers Eastwick, of Baltimore, Maryland, United States of
.America, upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said John Henry
Johnson, my executors and administrators, by an instrument in writing under my
hand and seal, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said.
Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the
same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months
next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said John Henry Johnson, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement, that is to say:
The said Invention relates to what may be termed the primary process in
the manufacture of refined sugar, namely, to the melting or dissolving, and
not to any subsequent process, such as draining or purging, and consists of a
mode or method of converting sugar of one quality into solutions of different
qualities to be used in the manufacture of such classes of refined sugar as the
peculiar quality of the solution or syrup employed is best adapted to.
In carrying out this Invention the crude sugar is first freed from stones and
other like impurities, after which (if necessary) it may be reduced to a
homogeneous mass by passing it between rollers or otherwise treating it for
that purpose; it is then mixed with water in a suitable vessel, and reduced to
a pasty mass by any suitable mechanical means; the pasty mass is then placed
in a centrifugal machine, by preference of larger dimensions than those in
ordinary use. The machine on being set in motion throws off the solution
derived from the portion of sugar dissolved by the preliminary moistening
above referred to; this solution will consist largely of impurities which coat
the crystals. This completes what may be termed the first stage of the
process, and the solution thus obtained is conveyed by any convenient
Water and steam in the form of
arrangement to a receiving vessel or tank.
jets or otherwise are now applied to the sugar remaining in the centrifugal
machine, and another solution is thrown off as before, which solution will be

page_text: of a better quality than that previously obtained, and is conveyed to a separate
vessel or tank; this operation may be repeated until the sugar contained in
the centrifugal machine is entirely dissolved, care being taken that the
solutions thrown off at each operation be conveyed to different receptacles, as
each solution produced will be of a different quality, the first produced being
the weakest and most inferior, whilst those produced by each succeeding
operation will be of a superior quality to the previous one. If desired the
sugar to be dissolved may be placed in the centrifugal machine without first
reducing it to a pasty mass, in which case the jets of water and steam are
applied to the dry sugar, and the first solution will be thrown off in the
manner previously described. The solutions thus obtained are clarified and
filtered ready to be employed in the production of refined sugar, different
qualities of which will be obtained according to the quality of the solutions
employed. The above-described process may be applied to melado and also
to molasses after it has been granulated and when it is desired to re-
lissolve it.
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of the said
Invention, and the manner in which the same is or may be used or carried
into effect, I would observe in conclusion that what I consider it to be novel
and original, and therefore claim as the Invention secured to me by the
herein-before in part recited Letters Patent is, the mode or method of con-
verting sugar of one quality into solutions of different qualities, substantially
as and for the purpose herein-before described.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Henry Johnson, have to this my
Specification set my hand and seal, this Eleventh day of January, One
thousand eight hundred and sixty-eight.
JAUNGO
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