Improvements in or relating to the Weaving of Turkey Carpets and the like, and Mechanism suitable therefor.
Year: 1889

page_text: Date of Application, 1st Apr., 1889
Complete Specification Left, 24th Dec., 1889-Accepted 29th Mar., 1890
Improvements in or relating to the Weaving of Turkey Carpets and
the like, and Mechanism suitable therefor.
I REINHART, Baron von SEYDLITZ of Munich in the Kingdom of Bavaria, Empire
of Germany do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows
This invention relates to the weaving of Turkey carpets and other pile fabrics woven
or made on the same system, and the object of the improvements is to facilitate the
introduction and knotting of the wool or material of which the pile is formed and
generally to facilitate the weaving of such goods.
To introduce the wool in a proper manner to form a Turkey knot the warps are
curved round through two right angles, this being rendered possible by passing them
through a series of inverted U tubes, each through a separate tube. To knot the wool
on any two warps the wool is passed from the front between the two U tubes of said
warps, round the back of these U tubes and between them again at the front. The
loop so formed around the back of the U tubes is slid over the bend of the tubes to the
front and is drawn down, the warps to the fabric, drawn tight, battened and cut off
from the supply of wool.
Having made a row of knots in this manner the weft is thrown and returned and
the next row of knots is made in the same manner.
The warps are moved through the tubes as the weaving progresses. Since the knots
bave to be passed down the warps from their upper holders, the U tubes, down to the
fabric, leashes cannot be put on the warps to separate them to form the shed for the
weft in the usual manner, in place of said leashes therefore, the rotary series of
alternating discs are arranged before and behind the warps respectively. The
peripheries of these discs are recessed or embayed in such a manner that after the
series of knots is completed, projecting parts of the discs, the peripheries of which are
grooved for the purpose abut against the warp threads and thrust them respectively
outwards and inwards alternately and not only form a shed for the passage of the
weft but also in their recesses next following contrive a race for the shuttle. The
shoot of weft lying in the race after passage of the shuttle is thrown down upon further
rotation of the discs and the next projecting portions of the disc form again a shed
and race for return of the shuttle by alternate deflection of the warp threads, the shoot
then made being again thrown down towards the fabric as aforesaid.
Unted this 1st day of Anril 1880
HERBERT & Co.,
Agents to Applicant.
Improvements in or relating to the Weaving of Turkey Carpets and
the like, and Mechanism suitable therefor.
I REINHART, Baron von SEYDLITZ of Munich in the Kingdom of Bavaria Empire
of Germany Artist do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner
the same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement:-
This invention relates to the weaving of Turkey carpets and other pile fabrics woven
or made on the same system and the object of the improvements is to facilitate the
introduction and knotting of the wool or material of which the pile is formed and
generally to facilitate the weaving of such goods.
To introduce the wool in a proper manner to form a Turkey knot the warps are

page_text: curved round through two right angles or thereabouts this being rendered possible by
passing them through a series of inverted U tubes each through a separate tube. To
knot the wool on any two warps, the wool is passed from the front between the two
U tubes carrying the said warps, round the back of these U tubes and between them
again at the front.
The loop so formed around the back of the U tubes, is slid over the bend of the
tubes to the front and is drawn down, the warps to the fabric, drawn tight, battened,
and cut off from the supply of wool. Having inade a row of knots in this manner the
weft is thrown and returned and the next row of knots is made in the same manner.
The warps are moved through the tubes as the weaving progresses.
Since the knots have to be passed down the warps from their upper holders, the
U tubes, down to the fabric, leashes cannot be put on the warps to separate them to
form the shed for the weft in the usual manner, in place of said leashes therefore, two
rotary series of alternating discs are arranged before and behind the warps respectively.
The peripheries of these discs are recessed or embayed in such a manner, that after
the series of kuots is completed, projecting parts of the discs, the peripheries of which
are grooved for the purpose, abut against the warp threads and thrust them respectively
outwards and inwards alternately and not only form a shed for the passage of the
weft but also in their recesses next following, contrive a race for the shuttle. The
shoot of weft lying in the race after passage of the shuttle is thrown down upon
further rotation of the discs and the next projecting portions of the discs again form
a shed and race for return of the shuttle by alternate deflection of the warp threads
the shoot then made being also thrown down towards the fabric as aforesaid.
The accompanying drawing illustrates the mode of carrying this invention into
practice.
Fig. I shows diagrams of a Turkey knot or tuft.
Fig. 2 is a diagram of the fabric.
Fig. III is a diagrain illustrating the method of passing the wool or other material
to form the knot about two contiguous warp threads.
Fig. IV is a plan view thereof.
Fig. V shows the rear loop of the knot brought over onto the front of the warp
threads.
Fig. VI is a plan view thereof.
Fig. VII illustrates the method of supporting the warps in U tubes as aforesaid.
Fig. VIII is a plan view thereof.
Fig. IX shows the substitutes for the heddles and illustrates their shape, construc-
tion and method of operation.
In all these views with the exception of Fig. 2 only two adjacent warp threads and
mechanisin therefor are shown and only one Turkey knot it being understood that
the mechanism and system are the same for each pair of warp threads. Sheets 2
to 4. Figs. 1 to 22 illustrate the loom and details tliereof for carrying the invention
into practice.
Referring to sheet 1, c and are the warp threads which are carried upward from
the warp beam over a guide and through the cross bar a and the respective inverted
tubes bande supported by or on said bar a and pass down to the cloth beam.
In an ordinary Turkey knot (as shown in Figs. 13 & 14 Sheet 3) the tuft ties
together each two neighbouring warps, e and by being inserted from above between
the two warps, then carried from below sidewards around and over one warp, and
the other warp, then again 'downwards around the latter and upwards again between
the two warps (Figs. I and II).
If the warp is bent for 180 degrees or thereabouts so that it returns in the same
direction it will suffice for the construction of the knot as shown in Figs. III and IV
that the tuft should be wound horizontally through and around the warp threads and
entering on one side between the warp threads from there continuing outside along
the other side of the two warp threads, and lastly again leaving the former side
between the warp threads so that the two ends of the pile tuft are situated close to
que another.
If the loop placed around the warp threads is now slid over the curved

page_text: warp threads towards the other side (Figs. V and VI where this sliding is indicated
by the direction of the arrow) whilst the ends of the tuft remain in the original
position the formation of the knot is completed. All knots of a cross row are thus
inade in the mechanical loom simultaneously through the width of the fabric, therefore
for each two neighbouring warp threads and the knot thereon, the following mechanism
is arranged.
In order to keep the warp threads in a curved position each of them is passed
through a tube which is supported at one end by the carrier a but is free at the other
end (see Figs. VII and VIII. Each two tubes b and c forming a pair are arranged
to converge in plan in order to allow space for the entrance of the tuft or the device
carrying the latter. For the same reason one of each pair of tubes is curved closer
that it may pass underneath the larger tube of the neighbouring set. Besides each
pair of tubes is revolvable on its support a.
When the winding of the tuft around the tubes as well as the sliding over of the
loops over the curves of the tubes is completed, the knot thus made should be seized
at its two ends and drawn down along the free portion of the warp thread onto the
finished fabric. There may be adapted for this purpose a device consisting of two
horizontal superposed bars the edges of which touch one another and thus hold the
ends of the whole cross row of knots so that after seizing the knots, the bars may draw
down the knots along the vertical part of the warp and tighten them on the fabric
releasing the knots later on by opening and resuming their original position.
As with this process it is supposed that the material for the pile is supplied direct
from bobbins located immediately behind the tightening device aforesaid there should
be provided for each pair of warp threads guide tubes for the pile thread or yarn to
be knotted thereon.
Referring to Fig. IX.
The shape of the wing dises is such that in the position of engagement they
provide a free and safe race for the shuttle above their horizontally interposed wings,
in this race the shuttle, thrown with a central direct impact slides over the edges of
the wing discs without touching the warp threads.
After a shoot, the wing discs rare turned by one quarter circle by rotation of
their arbors xl one towards the other in the direction of the arrows in Fig. IX so
that the wings which were interposed and stood horizontally fall down into a vertical
position. During this movement the shoot falls automatically. into its place within
the interval created by the continued spreading of the warps. These are held now by
the somewhat shorter wings which previously stood vertically upwards during the
first position of the wing discs which however have taken up the position of the former
and are horizontally interposed.
The first shoot is thus completed.
For the second immediately succeeding shoot it is necessary to move the warps 1,
3, 5 &c. which were formerly to the left now to the right and 2. 4. 6 &c. which were
formerly to the right now to the left. For this purpose the third and fourth wings of
the discs are displaced laterally on the arbors of the respective system for the distance
of a warp so that when both arbors that is discs turn for the next circle in the saine
direction as before the alternate warps are pushed outward by the wings.
As the third disc wing is exactly like the first one in shape and size and as the
second one is similar also to the fourth one a race is again formed in the recesses and
the second shoot is left in the same manner. After this, the wing discs turn again
for a circle and the second shoot is allowed to fall. With this the work of the
wing discs is completed which latter move away horizontally to their respective sides
and liberate the warp until they are required again that is until another row of pile
knobs is brought down the warp being tightened again by a well known method of
elastic winding.
Referring to sheets 2 to 4 :-The main parts of the loom are as follows according to
its manner of working: Firstly for the knots their production and warping-the
thread tubes through which the warp is drawn (3 in Fig. 1 sheet 2), the hook needles
(7 in Fig. 5 etc.) which draw the tuft, wind it around the thread tubes and take it

page_text: back again, the overshoot (29. 30 sheet 4) which carries the loops of the tuft formed
by the hooked needles over the curves of the thread tubes; the tightening device
with knife for cutting off the knotted tuft from the yarn (tightener 41 and 8 and
knife 42 in Fig. 5) and the supply discs provided with tubes (6, Fig. 5 sheet 3) for
supplying yarn taken from the bobbins. Secondly for the foundation fabric and the
weft, warp
beam 1 and cloth beam 5 Fig. 1 sheet 2, the warp guides (2 and 4 in same
Figure and sheet), the wing discs 68 68 ctc. and the thread tubes belonging also to
this combination and mentioned above.
The tubes of each pair of the kind shown by the drawings Figs. 5, 8 and 9 being of
a different size and differently bent as hereinbefore explained are set at their con-
verging ends in a crank shaped block of steel 19 having a hollow gudgeon in continuation
of the upright parts of the tube. This gudgeon is inserted into the frame 20, and all
the blocks 19 are coupled by a rail 21 carrying the studs 22 for this purpose and
which carries at its end a roller 23 Fig. 9. This latter is controlled by a cam having
a slanting path 24 by which at a suitable moment, the rail 21 is moved to the left, the
cam revolving on its pivot 25.
The tubes being in their first position (Fig. 8) if the disc 24 is turned so that the
roller 23 slides down the slanting path a spring draws the coupling rail towards the
right and with it the thread tubes into their second position (Fig. 9).
The hook needles have at their free ends an angle shaped hook and are inserted each
into a revolving socket 9 which is provided with a crank 10. Fig. 5. The sockets are
placed in a row on a rail 11 and form a frame with arms 12 (Figs. 2. 5. 6 and 10) on
the hollow hub 13. The cranks are coupled together by a rail 14 extending over the
width of the loom said rail being guided at the right end Fig. 7 by a larger crank and
provided with a roller 15. By running this roller on an oblique course 16 on the
disc 17 the cranks and needles are revolved. During the first tube position above set
forth the hook needle passes with its hook through the bend of the wide curved tube
said hook standing at first vertically (first needle position Fig. 8, 1) at the side of the
tuft and supplied! from. the bobbin through the tubes 6 Fig. 5. then it is turned (second
needle position Fig. 8, 2 and returns slightly so that the hook catches the thread end
(third position Fig. 8, 3). Then it is turned again with the hook vertically downwards
(fourth position).
In this position the needle draws the tuft through between the tubes (position
5 and 6 Fig. 8) as far as close in front of the upright tube sides (side view Fig. 10).
The tubes being then moved into their second position (Fig. 9) the needles are adjusted
sideways (7th needle position Fig. 9) and slightly raised at the same time in order
that during the forcing.in of the tuft which now takes place the tuft of the neigh-
bouring pair of tubes should not be touched which latter was just drawn out by the
neighbouring hooked needle. This lateral and upward adjustment is done by turning
the gudgeon 26, 27, 28 of the needle frame on both sides of the loom. By a spring
which is at the one side of the loom contrary to the oblique course at 27 the frame is
pushed back again when the oblique surface descends.
As gudgeon 26 is eccentric to 28 the frame is raised at the same time.
The foreing in of the needles now takes place, between the second bend of the warp
tubes (8 and 9 needle position Fig. 9) until the end of the tuft placed around the face
of the needle hook projects so far behind the thread tubes that it lies free and springs
out into a straight position automatically (10th position) Fig. 9 and in Fig. 11.
The needles then withdraw, free of the tuft the needle frame rising again the tufts
remaining in their position as in Fig. 12 (First respective position of the needles
at rest).
The loop of the tuft placed outward over the upright tube sides is now to be shifted
over the bent tubes towards the side where the tuft ends are located. This is done by
the overshoot which consists of a comb carrier 29 located cross ways over the breadth
of the loom into which carrier are inserted at suitable. distances flat fingers provided
with a tooth or serrated edge in front. The teeth of said fingers catch the tuft
loops Fig. 15 and shift them over whilst passing, the tubes at their sides (Fig. 16) after
which they return into their previous position..

page_text: Propelling of the overshoot.
The gudgeon 33 arranged eccentrically on the
shaft 32 rises and descends on both sides of the loom whilst crank 34 transfers the
vibratory motion of the shaft 35 to be transferred to the comb by means of coupling
rod 36 the shaft 32 is moved from shaft 35 by means of the gearing of the toothed
segments 37 and 38 (Figs. 15 and 10). The tightener consisting of bars 41 and 8
catches the tuft in such a manner that it catches the end of the tuft which as set
forth above has been advanced into its reach by means of the hook needle as well as
that part of the tuft which is next to this end of the thread and which is not yet
separated from the bobbins or supply tubes. As soon as the tightening has taken
place the knife 42 located next to the tightener 41 cuts off the thread and the
tightener carries down the knot as far as guide 4 onto the fabric.
These movements are caused in the following manner.
On the frame 39 over the
breadth of the loom are suspended the tightening rails. 41 being loosely suspended,
and 8 firmly suspended as well as the knife 42. For the purpose of tightening the
knots the rail 8 rises until it is close to the rail 41 which latter is then situated with.
its upper edge close to the connecting beam 43 of the loom frame..
The cutting off then takes place by the knife being shifted sideways and compelled
to descend obliquely by the method of arranging the bolts 44 and 46 which slide in
the suitably shaped slots 45, 47 and 48.
When the bolt 44 has entered the vertical part of the slot the knife remains in its
position and the tightener remains closed. In order that with the descending motion
of the closed tightener now taking place and drawing down the complete row of knots
the latter can be securely carried along and the warp threads are not disarranged,
there are arranged vertically a suitable row of thin small rails 49 Figs. 16, 18 to 21
in the interspaces of the thread pairs on the outside of the tightener 41 which rails
move down as a comb between the warp threads and at the same time carry down the
tuft lcop.
The tightening frame 39 is connected with a large lever 52. Fig. 1 by pivots 50 on
each side and connecting links 51 the end of said lever being journalled at 53. The
lever 52 carries a roller 54 which runs on a heart shaped cain 55. The shape of this
cam which rotates with its shaft 56 in the direction of the arrow causes all movements
of the tightening rails in the course of a revolution.
For operating the knife the angle lever 57 is provided with roller drawn by the
rod 58 which lever presses now on the strengthened part of the knife, the lever 59
with roller and connecting rod 60 located below on the cheek serves for the same
purpose.
Both levers are propelled by a cam disc on the shaft 56 (not shown). The needle
frame is guided by the rod 61, its gudgeon by the rod-62. Cam discs with oblique
surfaces guide the thread tubes by the rod 63, the needle cranks by rod 64.the over-
shoot by rod 65. All these rods are regulated by cam discs on the shaft 56 (of which
only disc 66 is shown for the needle frame motion all others being arranged
accordingly.
The yarn supply discs are located loosely on a shaft so that they may rotate on the
same vertically. They are moved by a shaft propelling (not shown) and each rotation
corresponds with the motions of a Jacquard shaft or similar mechanism supposed to be
behind (namely on the left of Fig. 1). Above are arranged the bobbins from which
the various coloured threads are supplied to be inserted into the tubes 6.
With one coloured fabrics the discs may be omitted and one tube suffices for
each hook needle.
After the closing of the tightener the yarn disc shaft moves away somewhat from
the tightener in order that previous to the cutting off, a sufficiently long piece of yarn
is withdrawn from the tube for engagement of the hook needle for the next knot. The
rotation of the discs takes place always so that the threads are moved from below
upwards in order that their suspended ends are bent downwards (Fig. 5).
The warp
beam and cloth beam are of the usual shape, only elastic winding of the latter is
necessary because of the stretching of the warp during the formation of the shed for
weft. The guides at 2 and 4 require no explanation. Their shape is shown by Fig. 1.

page_text: sheet 1. The guide is located somewhat to the rear so that the warp from 3 to 4 is
not perfectly vertical, thus, the further the knots are drawn down by the tightener the
tighter they are drawn. The inner warp tube may have its lower free end bent
outward as in Fig. 13 to bring the warp inore nearly into the same plane. The shed
lises 68, 68 are suitably shaped metal plates which have a groove on their four pro-
jecting edges (Fig. 1 shown by dotted lines at these parts) into which the warp
threads enter. The first and third wing is somewhat longer than the second and
fourth also the first and second are laterally placed with regard to the third and fourth
by the width of a warp thread Their movement is a double one, first, horizontal
without rotation, second, rotation toward one another in their engaged position. The
gear therefor is shown in Fig. 22 sheet 4. On the right is the main shaft 56 which by
means of mitre wheels 70 and 71 (proportion of transmission 4: 1) propels the shaft 72.
On the same are adjustably arranged and keyed to prevent them from rotating two
further mitre wheels 73 which gear into the mitre wheels 74 on the respective
shaft 68 of the shed discs. The lateral adjustment of the shafts 68 is done by two
pairs, of draw rods 76 at both sides of the loom which are connected by pivots with
the double arm lever 77 Fig. 1. The latter is connected to a cross beam 78 which
regulates the equal displacement on both sides. Said beam is moved by a cam disc 79
on the main shaft 56 said cam disc gearing with a roller 80. on the lever 77 and thus
giving the equivalent position to the shaft 78 and to the respective sets of
shed discs.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is
In the weaving of Turkey carpets and other pile goods woven on the same system.
1. The method of curving or altering the direction of the warp and knotting the
pile at the place of said curve or change of direction substantially as set forth.
2. The mechanism comprising the U tubes for holding the warp for the purpose
set forth.
3. The method of separating the warps to form the shed or sheds by means of
thrust discs adapted to be carried against the warps whereby they are separated to
form a shed and to be carried away from said warps whereby the latter are left free
for the purpose set forth.
4. The discs constructed to separate the warps to form a shed and a race for the
shuttle substantially as and for the purpose set forth.
5. The mechanism herein described and illustrated for weaving of fabric according
to the methods set forth above.
Dated this 24th day of December 1889.
HERBERT & Co.,
18, Buckingham Street, Strand, Agents to Applicant.