AN IMPROVED ENGINE WITH ROTARY PISTON, APPLICABLE TO VARIOUS PURPOSES
Year: 1857

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Jean Baptiste Pascal, of Lyons, (France,) Civil
.. Engineer, for the Invention of "AN IMPROVED ENGINE WITH ROTARY
PISTON, APPLICABLE TO VARIOUS PURPOSES."
ealed the 31st July 1857, and dated the 17th February 185
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Jean Baptiste Pascal at
the Office, of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
17th February 1857.
I, JEAN BAPTISTE PASCAL, of. Lyons, (France), Civil Engineer, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED ENGINE WITH
ROTARY PISTON, APPLICABLE TO VARIOUS PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
Fig. 1, of the Drawings annexed, represents a lateral, vertical section of a
partial
rotatory engine constructed according to my Invention; and Fig. 2, a
section of the same in the direction of the axis, and at right angles to Fig. 1.
A is a cylinder of capacity in which the, steam or motive agent acts; C is a
-second cylinder fixed in a position. éccentric to, A. The cylinder. C rotates,
being united at either end to two discs C, forming part of the main shaft D,
on which it is supported. The cylinder C is formed in two parts, which
receive between them two pistons or leaves H, H, on which the pressure of
the steam or other fluid acts to propel the engine; the parts H, H, have an
elastic packing 'between them. In addition to the parts H and I, on which
the impelling agent takes effect, there is six other leaves 1', I', which are pro-
jected a little beyond the periphery of the cylinder C, one of which is always

page_text: in contact with the cylinder A at the lower part;,, which forms the abutment
for the steam, and keeps it steam tight, notwithstanding any inequality in the
cylinder A; these leaves I', are furnished with elastic packings, consisting
first of hemp, silk, or other suitable material i; secondly, of a piece of metal
; and thirdly, of a metal spring i". E is the fixed end of the cylinder A,
which is furnished with a gland F, and stuffing box F¹, to permit the rotation
of inner cylinder, and at the same time keep the parts steam-tight.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Jean Baptiste Pascal in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
17th August 1857.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JEAN
BAPTISTE PASCAL, of Lyons, France, Civil Engineer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Seventeenth day of February, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-seven, in the twentieth year of
Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto
me, the said Jean Baptiste Pascal, Her special licence that I, the said Jean
Baptiste Pascal, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I,
the said Jean Baptiste Pascal, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should
at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times
thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "AN
IMPROVED ENGINE WITH ROTARY PISTON, APPLICABLE TO VARIOUS PURPOSES,"
upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Jean Baptiste Pascal,
my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my or their
or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the
nature of the said Invention; and in what manner the saine was to be per-
formed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within
six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said, Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Jean Baptiste Pascal, ido.hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
fòrmed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement. reference being had to the Sheet of Drawings hereunto annexed,
and to the letters and figures marked. thereon (that is to say):

page_text: My Invention consists of a rotatory apparatus applicable as a pump, ven-
tilator, rotatory steam engine, or hydraulic motor. The advantages which it
presents are
First, simplicity and facility of construction.
Secondly, much boring & fitting of the parts are disjensed with.
Thirdly, smoothness of movement, which is produced without any sudden
shocks.
Fourthly, possibility of replacing the moveable parts of the engine which
are most subject to wear by duplicate pieces of an inexpensive character
without the aid of a mechanician. The principal characteristics of this
Invention are,-
First, a cylindrical case or chamber bored in the interior, and in which
moves a rotatory cylinder placed excentric thereto; this rotary cylinder
is constructed in two parts, connected diametrically at the two extremities by
exterior shoulders which are prolonged on each side, and form the main shaft.
The rotary cylinder is provided with a space between its two halves, which
space serves for the introduction of the large moveable pallets which act as
pistons. The pallets which are placed in this slot or space are separated at the
middle by an elastic packing; they are also furnished with an arrangement
of parts for preventing excess of friction.
Secondly, the use of a certain number of sliding plates or pallets arranged
around the circumference of the moveable cylinder, which plates are fitted
and slide in corresponding recesses disposed in a position radial to the move-
able cylinder, and extending along its whole length. These plates rest at the
bottom of their recesses on elastic packings; they are intended as a packing
to prevent water, steam, or air passing in a contrary direction to the rotary
motion of the machine; they also prevent the shock which takes place in
machines of this kind between the piston pallets and the abutment of the
steam when this latter is fixed to the steam chamber.
"
.
Thirdly, the method of closing of the lateral sides of the apparatus by means
of a stuffing-box bearing, arranged so as to prevent the escape of water, steam,
or air without absorbing much power in friction.
Fourthly, the use of air-tight elastic packings, composed, first, of harl,
woollen, cotton, silken, india-rubber, asbestos, or other matters, interwoven or
arranged in parallel filaments; secondly, of a metal band; thirdly, of a spring.
These elastic packings are intended to avoid the complete steam-tight fitting
of the pallets and slides...
Fifthly, the substitution of rollers for the bearings supporting the axis of the
engine so as to change the sliding friction produced by the collars into rolling

page_text: friction, and so as to attenuate the resistance occasioned by the pressure
exercised by the motive or other fluid on the bearings of the axis of such
rotary machines.
An engine, constructed according to my Invention, is represented in the
annexed Drawings, in which Figure 1 is a transverse vertical section at right
angles to the axis of the cylinder or chamber; Figure 2, a longitudinal
vertical section through a plane in a line with the axis of the cylinder or
chamber; and Figure 3 is an elevation of the roller bearing of the axis;
Figure 4' being a plan of the same. Similar letters represent like parts
where they recur in the four Figures.
:
A, chamber or case furnished with two openings a, a', for the entry and exit
of the water, steam, or air; it is bolted on a base A', by suitablo feet or
sockets by bolts A. The induction and eduction passages are attached by their
flanges. The parts B, B, and B', B', which are contiguous to the induction
and escape passages, are hollowed to a certain extent so as to avoid the flowing
back or void which might be produced; C, rotary cylinder, terminated at the
two extremities by the discs C, C', to which it is firmly fixed by the screws.
C", C; D, motive shaft fixed to the discs C', it bears on the roller bearings
mentioned. Each of these bearings has at its base two rollers d, d, Figures
1, 3, and 4, and at its upper part, one or several rollers d", d¹; these rollers
are in one piece, with their axis, and turn in the body of the bearing, which
forms a reservoir of oil to lubricate constantly the journal of the axes; E, E;
annular plates, forming ends to the cylindrical case or chamber A, and carry-
ing the stuffing-box bearing; F,.gland of the stuffing-box bearing, furnished
with an annular packing F, and having a gutter-shaped bottom so as to hold
the packing, and prevent it being rubbed by the plates or pallets I, I; G, stud
bolts, carrying the pressing springs of the stuffing-box bearing; H, main
pallet or slide traversing the piston from side to side, and serving as a support
for the flat packings h, h, without boring & fitting; H, H, pallets placed
between the pallet H and the body of the cylinder; h', rollers serving to guide
the whole system of parts H; H, H2; and also to diminish the friction. These
pallets are placed, as seen, end to end, and are separated by a packing com-
posed of hemp, a spring, and a metal rule or band; I; moveable plates or
pallets placed at the circumference of the cylinder C, and sliding in corre-
sponding grooves. Two of these plates are also lodged in the thickness of the
piston pallets or slides H.
+
The bottom of these slides, as before-mentioned, are furnished with an
elastic packing composed of hemp or other material i, a metal band ', and a

page_text: In order to prevent the plates or blades I coming out of their slides by the
action of the centrifugal force, I furnish them with little pins, which enter and
abut against the ends of a notch made in the moveable cylinder.
Having described the nature of my Invention, and the manner in which the
same is performed, I declare that what I claim as my Invention intended to
be secured by the herein-before in part recited Letters Patent, is the above
described rotary machine characterised,―
First, by a cylindrical case or chamber, in which moves a rotary piston
furnished with pallets or sliding pieces H, H', H, disposed diametrically oppo-
site to each other, and guided by the rollers h, h.
Secondly, by a series of radial plates or blades I placed in the rotating
cylinder, and working in guides or slides therein.
Thirdly, by the method of closing the lateral sides of the apparatus by
means of a large annular stuffing-box, within which the axis supported by
bearings passes.
Fourthly, by elastic springs composed of hemp or other material, of a metal
spring, and of a metal band filling the space between the piston blades or
plates and the bottom of the guiding recesses of the plates or blades.
Fifthly, by the application of bearings having rollers in order to change the
sliding into rolling friction.
I also claim the general application to rotary engines or machines described
of flat air-proof packing without boring & fitting the parts, by combining a
spring acting on a rule or preparatory part which compresses a hemp or other
packing, interwoven or arranged in parallel filaments, as herein-before
described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Jean Baptiste Pascal, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Twelfth day of August, in the year of
our Lord. One thousand eight hundred and fifty-seven.
J. B. PASCAL. (L.S.)