Improvements relating to Artificial Fuel, Refractory Material for Lining Retorts, and Bricks and Tiles.
Year: 1888

page_text: Date of Application, 24th Sept., 1888
Complete Specification Left, 21st June, 1889-Accepted, 17th Aug., 1889
TORTONAL DIDIFICATION.
Improvements relating to Artificial Fuel, Refractory Material for
Lining Retorts, and Bricks and Tiles.
1, ROBERT STONE, of No. S Talbot Court, Eastcheap, in the City of London,
Engineer do hereby declare the nature of my said invention to be as follows:-
The object of my invention is to manufacture an improved description of artificial
fuel, and refractory material for lining retorts, such manufacture being effected by
means of improved machinery.
1. In carrying out my invention, I mix sulphuric acid (commonly called vitriol)
with substances such as peat, peat litter, or other fibrous materials, to form a quick
burning fuel.
2. For a more enduring fuel I mix vitriol with coal, coal dust or breeze; the
mixture being pressed into blocks, or other suitable forms for consumption.
3. For a more refractory material I mix vitriol with pulverized slate or slate
refuse, or analogous substances, capable of enduring great heat.
The last mentioned refractory material No. 3 is especially suitable for lining
retorts, converters, and analogous uses.
All the foregoing mixtures are suitable for obtaining high temperatures, and by
using lumps or blocks of the material No. 3, with similar lumps or blocks of Nos. 1
and 2 or either of them; or by mixing No. 3 with Coals or Coke, fires of more or
less endurance and economy, combined with great heating power, are obtained.
For obtaining fires of the gratest endurance and economy, the mixture No. 3
may be used alone-This materially is especially suitable for locomotive, marine and
other boilers.
In making bricks and tiles I mix vitriol with the clay, in order that the vitriol
may act as fuel when burning the bricks and tiles.
In preparing the materials for mixture with the vitriol, I first grind such
materials by means of rollers having corrugated surfaces, interlocking; or by means
of one large roll geared with two, three or more smaller rolls. The material is fed
from the top and falls down between the larger roller and the other (smaller) rollers,
successively, whereby it is ground to the necessary fineness.
These ground materials are then mixed with the necessary quantity of vitriol, and
placed in a vessel, fitted with a piston and piston rod.
The two ends of this vessel are fitted with delivery tubes, through which the mixed
material is pressed; the tubes being so formed as to impart the required sectional
shape to the material, which is then allowed to dry.
Dated 24th September 1888.
GEO. DOWNING,
Agent for Applicant.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION (AMENDED).
Improvements relating to Artificial Fuel, Refractory Material for
Lining Retorts, and Bricks and Tiles.
ROBERT STONE of No. 8 Talbot Court Eastcheap in the City of London Engineer,
do hereby declare the nature of my said invention and in what manner the same is to
[Price 4d.1

page_text: be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement :-
The object of my invention is to manufacture an improved description of artificial
fuel suitable for industrial and domestic use, for smelting and other operations
requiring very high temperatures, combined with economy: also to manufacture
a superior description of refractory material suitable for lining retorts and analogous
uses.
In carrying out my invention I manufacture a quick burning fuel, by mixing
3 per cent., (inore or less) of sulphuric acid with 97 per cent. (more or less) of dry
peat, or peat litter, or other fibrous materials. When the peat is wet the proportion
of sulphuric acid must he increased.
I sometimes soak the peat or otherwise mix the same in or with waste oils, crude
petroleum, or other inflammable oils, in addition to the sulphuric acid; the propor-
tions being 3 per cent. (more or less) of sulphuric acid 75 per cent. (more or less) of
oils, and 94 22 per cent. (more or less) of peat.
;
I am aware that the use of petroleum and other oils, and waste and crude oils,
have been heretofore used, and I do not therefore claim the use of such oils, except in
the combinations herein described.
When a more enduring fuel is required, I add coal, coal dust or breeze to either
of the above mentioned combinations; the proportion of coal ranging from 10 to
100 per cent. of the aforesaid fuels.
In manufacturing a superior description of refractory material, suitable for lining
retorts, converters and analogous purposes, I mix 3 per cent. (more or less) of vitriol
with 97 per cent. (more or less of pulverized slate or lava, slate refuse, or analogous
materials, capable of enduring great heat.
The last mentioned mixture of materials, with the addition of petroleum oils, or
other crude or waste inflammable oils, is especially suitable for use as fuel, in the
furnaces of locomotive, marine, and other boilers; the proportions being solid matter
94 per cent. (more or less) vitriol 3 per cent. (more or less) and other oils 3 per cent.
(more or less).
In manufacturing bricks and tiles I add to the clay (of which I use 94 per cent.,
more or less) three per cent. of sulphuric acid (more or less) and three per cent. of
petroleum (more or less) and other oils as aforesaid, for the purpose of carburetting
the same and enhancing the calorific effect when the same are being burnt.
The solid materials above referred to are ground by suitable machinery, preparatory
to mixing with the liquids, after which the materials are mixed in suitable propor-
tions, according to their intended use, as herein before described.
"
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my inven-
tion, and in
what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is
1. In the manufacture of artificial fuel of the description aforesaid, the addition
thereto and combination therewith of sulphuric acid, substantially as and for the
purposes herein before described.
2. In the manufacture of bricks and tiles and other refractory materials as afore-
said, the addition thereto and combination therewith of sulphuric acid, substantially
as and for the purposes hereinbefore described.
3. The general combinations herein described forming the improvements relating
to artificial fuel, refractory material and bricks and tiles substantially as and for the
purposes hereinbefore described.
Tinted 21st Juna 1880
GEO. DOWNING,
Agent.

page_text: Date of Application, 24th Sept., 1888
Complete Specification Left, 21st June, 1889-Accepted, 17th Aug.; 1889
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements relating to Artificial Fuel, Refractory Material for
Lining Retorts, and Bricks and Tiles.
I, ROBERT STONE, of No. 8 Talbot Court, Eastcheap, in the City of London,
Engineer do hereby declare the nature of my said invention to be as follows:-
The object of my invention is to manufacture an improved description of artificial
fuel, and refractory material for lining retorts, such manufacture being effected by
means of improved machinery.
1. In carrying out my invention, I mix sulphuric acid (commonly called vitriol)
with substances such as peat, peat litter, or other fibrous materials, to form a quick
burning fuel.
2. For a more enduring fuel I mix vitriol with coal, coal dust or breeze; the
mixture being pressed into blocks, or other suitable forms for consumption.
3. For a more refractory material I mix vitriol with pulverized slate or slate
refuse, or analogous substances, capable of enduring great heat.
The last mentioned refractory material No. 3 is especially suitable for lining
retorts, converters, and analogous uses.
All the foregoing mixtures are suitable for obtaining high temperatures, and by
using lumps or blocks of the material No. 3, with similar lumps or blocks of Nos: 1
and 2 or either of them; or by mixing No. 3 with Coals or Coke, fires of more or
less endurance and economy, combined with great heating power, are obtained.
For obtaining fires of the gratest endurance and economy, the mixture No. 3
may be used alone-This materially is especially suitable for locomotive, marine and
other boilers.
In making bricks and tiles I mix vitriol with the clay, in order that the vitriol
may act as fuel when burning the bricks and tiles.
In preparing the materials for mixture with the vitriol, I first grind such
materials by means of rollers having corrugated surfaces, interlocking; or by means
of one large roll geared with two, three or more smaller rolls. The material is fed
from the top and falls down between the larger roller and the other (smaller) rollers,
successively, whereby it is ground to the necessary fineness.
These ground materials are then mixed with the necessary quantity of vitriol, and
placed in a vessel, fitted with a piston and piston rod.
The two ends of this vessel are fitted with delivery tubes, through which the mixed
material is pressed; the tubes being so formed as to impart the required sectional
shape to the material, which is then allowed to dry.
Dated 24th September 1888.
GEO. DOWNING,
Agent for Applicant.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements relating to Artificial Fuel, Refractory Material for
Lining Retorts, and Bricks and Tiles.
ROBERT STONE of No. 8 Talbot Court Eastcheap in the City of London Engineer,
do hereby declare the nature of my said invention and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-
The object of my invention is to manufacture an improved description of artificial
fuel suitable for industrial and domestic use, for smelting and other operations
requiring very high temperatures, combined with economy: also to manufacture
ID 421

page_text: a superior description of refractory material suitable for lining retorts and analogous
uses.
In carrying out my invention I manufacture a quick burning fuel, by mixing
per cent., (more or less) of sulphuric acid with 97 per cent. (more or less) of dry
peat, or peat litter, or other fibrous materials. When the peat is wet the proportion
of sulphuric acid must be increased.
I sometimes soak the peat or otherwise mix the same in or with waste oils, crude
petroleum, or other inflammable oils, in addition to the sulphuric acid; the propor-
tions being 3 per cent. (more or less) of sulphuric acid; 3 per cent. (more or less) of
oils, and 94 per cent. (more or less) of peat.
I am aware that the use of petroleum and other oils, and waste and crude oils,
have been heretofore used, and I do not therefore claim the use of such oils, except in
the combinations herein described.
When a more enduring fuel is required, I add coal, coal dust or breeze to either
of the above mentioned combinations; the proportion of coal ranging from 10 to
100 per cent. of the aforesaid fuels.
In manufacturing a superior description of refractory material, suitable for lining
retorts, converters and analogous purposes, I mix 3 per cent. (more or less) of vitriol
with 97 per cent. (more or less) of pulverized slate or lava, slate refuse, or analogous
materials, capable of enduring great heat.
The last mentioned mixture of materials, with the addition of petroleum oils, or
other crude or waste inflammable oils, is especially suitable for use as fuel, in the
furnaces of locomotive, marine, and other boilers; the proportions being solid matter
94 per cent. (more or less) vitriol 3 per cent. (more or less) and other oils 3 per cent.
(more or less).
In manufacturing bricks and tiles I add to the clay (of which I use 91 per cent.,
more or less) three per cent. of sulphuric acid (more or less) and three per cent. of
petroleum (more or less) and other oils as aforesaid, for the purpose of carburetting
the same and enhancing the calorific effect when the same are being burnt.
The solid materials above referred to are ground by suitable machinery, preparatory
to mixing with the liquids, after which the materials are mixed in suitable propor-
tions, according to their intended use, as herein before described.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed 1 declare that what I
claim is
-
1. In the manufacture of artificial fuel of the description aforesaid, the addition
thereto and combination therewith of sulphuric acid, substantially as and for the
purposes herein before described.
2. In the manufacture of bricks and tiles and other refractory materials as afore-
said, the addition thereto and combination therewith of sulphuric acid, substantially
as and for the purposes herein before described.
3. The general combinations herein described forming the improvements relating
to artificial fuel, refractory material and bricks and tiles substantially as and for the
purposes herein before described.
T
1000
GEO. DOWNING,
Agent.