Improvements in Apparatus to be Employed in the Manufacture of Looped or Pile Fabrics.
Year: 1889

page_text: Date of Application, 27th Aug., 1889
Complete Specification Left, 22nd May, 1890-Accepted, 28th June, 1890
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION
Improvements in Apparatus to be Employed in the Manufacture of
Looped or Pile Fabrics.
We, WILLIAM PULLEN, of 105 Jeremy Lane Heckmondwike in the County of
York, Electrical Engineer, and MOSES PULLEN of Lower Cote Fixby, near
Huddersfield in the County aforesaid, Hosiery Manufacturer, do hereby declare the
nature of this invention to be as follows:-
(6
This invention relates to apparatus to be employed in the manufacture of travelling
rugs, fancy mats, and other looped or pile fabrics, and consists of an improved com-
bination of mechanism whereby the " loops" are formed on a ground piece or
backing" of canvas, and such loops, may, when desirable be cut by any of the well
known devices thus forming "pile" fabrics. And consists of a frame and rollers for
carrying and stretching the canvas ground piece or "backing" while the needles
insert the yarn into the same for forming the "loop" or "pile" as may be desired,
and of improved construction of needle for inserting the pile yarn together with
appliances for operating the needles.
According to this our said invention we construct a frame consisting of two vertical
side pieces to the lower end and at the back of which is a beam for carrying the
canvas backing which passing therefrom is taken over or under a tension roller on
which are small pins, similar to loom temples, for the purpose of stretching the
canvas backing laterally, this tension roller is provided with a drag cord and weight
for varying the drag on the same, the backing passes from the latter roller to the
front of the frame and over two guide pieces formed of strips or bars of wood or
metal fixed across the front of the frame from side frame to side frame, at this point
the yarn to form the "loop" or "pile" is inserted as hereinafter described, and the
canvas is carried over a second roller on which are pins, or temples, thence in its
finished state over a guide delivery roller or rollers to any convenient receptacle or
part of the frame. The second roller with pins or temples is driven by worm and
worm wheel, pulley and belt from any convenient going part and acts as taking up
roller and as imparted to it an intermittent motion by means of slide hereinafter
referred to, operating rack and pinion the rotation of the pinion being utilized to
transmit motion by pulley and cord or otherwise to the worm shaft of the taking up
roller, the backing is thus stretched by and between the two rollers.
At the front of the frame and opposite the two strips or bars of wood or metal
above mentioned is a rod or shaft parallel to the said strips or bars, and on this rod
are mounted a series of hooked or sickle shaped needles and from the boss of each
needle extends a short finger the end of which is received in a cam slot formed in
a slide piece which slide piece is traversed from one end of the frame to the other by
means of a course pitched screw or worm operated by hand wheel or driven by
pulley and belt which screw or worm is reversed or turned in the opposite direction
when the cam and slide have reached one end of the frame by which the slide and
cam is worked to and fro, or from side to side, and the cam or cams operating on the
finger of the sickle shaped needles depresses or raises (according as the look of the
needles is bent upwards or downwards) the same and passes the point of each needle
by a radial motion through the backing or canvas carrying with it the pile yarn.
Each needle has near its point an "eye" through which the yarn to form the "pile
or "loop" is passed, the yarn being carried on bobbins or spools on the frame,
passes through a second eye formed at the bend or elbow of the sickle shaped needles
thence in a groove formed in outer edge of the needle to the eye in the point of the
same, so that when the yarn is passed through the backing it will form a loop, one
part of the yarn being in the above mentioned groove, and the other passing

page_text: direct from the "eye" in the point of the needle to the backing, between this
thread of yarn and the needle, a rod or wire is inserted, and when the needles
are withdrawn this rod regulates the size of the loop, or if it is to form "pile"
fabric there is at one end of the rod a knife or cutter which when the rod is
withdrawn by any of the well known devices will cut the loops and thus form a
pile fabric.
Dated this 22nd day of August 1889
WALTER
BRIERLEY,
Central Chambers, Halifax, Agent for the Applicant.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Apparatus to be Employed in the Manufacture of
Looped or Pile Fabrics.
We WILLIAM PULLEN, of 105 Jeremy Lane, Heckmondwike, Electrical Engineer,
and MOSES PULLEN, of Lower Cote, Fixby near Huddersfield Hosiery Manufacturer,
both in the County of York, do hereby declare the nature of this invention, and in
what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement :-
Our invention relates to improvements in mechanism for the manufacture of looped
or pile fabrics such as mats, rugs, and the like, in which a canvas or other suitable
backing is employed, upon one side of which the pile or loops is or are produced
by means of specially formed needles, combined with the devices and materials
hereinafter described or referred to.
In order to enable this invention to be clearly understood we will proceed to
describe the same with reference to the accompanying drawings in which,
Figures 1 represent the two principal forms of needles we employ, in the position in
which they are placed before piercing the canvas, preparatory to making a loop, and
Figure 2 represents similar needles which have passed through the canvas as far as is
necessary to form loops.
Figure 3 represents a plan of the needle bed, and of the cam-plates which actuate
the needles, also of one of the friction rollers with temple ends over which the canvas
backing is strained.
Figure 4 is an enlarged view representing an elevation of one of the needles, having
a straight shank, above referred to.
Figure 5 represents the loop bar and knife.
Figure 6 represents a longitudinal sectional elevation of the machine, Figure 7 a
front elevation and Figure 8 a plan of the same.
The canvas backing or foundation A is wound upon the beam or roller B, which is
carried by brackets fixed at the back of the machine.
The canvas from this roller then passes under a rail C, and thence to the pinned or
spiked rollers D and E.
These rollers are for the purpose of straining the portion of canvas which is passing
from one to the other, in order to present a level and tight surface for the needles to
pass through, and the canvas is further strained by passing over the friction rollers F
and G, the ends of which are provided with spiked rings, similar to those employed
in the temples of looms, as represented at H in Figure 3, for the purpose of stretching
the canvas laterally.
The pile or loop threads A¹ are carried upon bobbins J supported upon pegs
mounted upon the board K which is fixed at the back of the machine. These
threads pass over the guide rails L L, and from thence under a rail or roller M, from
which they pass to and are threaded through the eye N of the needle O, and finally
through P the other eye of the needle.
The action of the needles will be better understood by reference to the enlarged
view Figure 3, which represents a plan of the needle bed Q which is formed of
a rectangular block of brass or other suitable metal, in which a number of transverse

page_text: grooves R are planed, each to contain and guide a needle or the shank of a needle
of the form represented at Figure 4.
The shanks S fit easily in the grooves R, and steady the points of the needles when
being driven through the canvas in a horizontal direction.
The foot or projection T, which stands up vertically from the top edge of the shank
of the needle, is actuated by the cam-plates U and X alternately, which cam-plates,
with the block V to the underside of which they are fixed, are given a lateral recipro-
catory motion upon the slides J, and in their traverse alternately push outward and
withdraw the needles.
When the cam-plates are moving in the direction indicated by the arrows (Figure 3)
the cam-plate U is in action, and is forcing out the needles, as the incline comes in
contact with each foot in turn, until the points have passed through the canvas a
sufficient distance to form the required loops, when the motion of the cam-block is
reversed and the cam-plate X comes into play withdrawing the whole of the needles
from the canvas seriatim.
When a needle has passed through the canvas a space or "shed" is left from the
bottom of the curved part of the neodle in which the eye N is pierced, and the straight
horizontal thread passing from the puncture in the canvas, where it is held by friction,
to the eye P, near the point.
Into or through this space or "shed" (Figure 2) a bar or knife K' is then passed,
and the needles being withdrawn by the action of the cam-plate X, loops are formed
round the shaft of the knife, and the knife being withdrawn its cutting edge N¹ comes
into action severing the outer ends of the loops, and thereby forming pile, or instead
of cutting the loops a plain bar may be inserted, the length of the loops being
regulated by the thickness of the bar.
At the end of each reciprocation of the block V, it strikes the lever C, which being
connected by another lever D' and the link E¹ to the lever F¹, which carries the
pawl G', the ratchet wheel H' is moved one or more teeth as required to rotate the
roller E sufficiently to feed a fresh portion of canvas for the needles to operate
upon.
The rollers E, D, and B are provided with tension straps O' and pulleys P¹
which are regulated by weights R' in the usual manner.
The curved needles represented in the second parts of Figures 1 and 2 are operated
in the following manner.
A similar form of cam-plate is employed to that already described, but it is placed
vertically upon one edge, the two inclined plates X and U alternately engaging with
the finger which projects from the ring of the needle, and the needle is thereby
operated.
Any required number of the needles are mounted upon the shaft S¹, which is
supported by brackets from the sides of the machine.
The needle bed Q is given a short lateral traverse for the purpose of adjustment,
and is actuated by means of the handle L' and the screw M.
With the machine herein described straight needles may be employed, which will
form loops with the pile thread when passed through the canvas backing and with-
drawn, (in a similar manner to that in which loops are formed to receive the shuttle
in the operation of a sewing machine) but the loops will not be so accurately and
certainly formed as when produced by means of the curved needles herein specially
referred to.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what we
claim is,
"
1. In a machine employed in the manufacture of looped or pile fabrics, needles
curved to form an opening or
shed through the loops of pile thread, when passed
through the canvas or other backing or foundation, into which opening or "shed" a
rod or pile-knife is passed and subsequently withdrawn either to leave the loops
thus formed, or to cut the loops and form pile, the needles and devices in combination

page_text: with which they are operated being constructed substantially in the manner described
and represented in the accompanying drawings.
2. In a machine employed in the manufacture of looped or pile fabrics, the above
named curved needles having a straight shank and projecting foot or finger T (as
represented at Figure 4) which foot enables the needles to be operated by the cam-
plates U and X, the grooved needle bed which is laterally adjustable, and the
sliding cam-block with the inclined cam-plates, all constructed and operating substan-
tially in the manner described, and as represented in the accompanying drawings.
3. The general arrangement and combination of the various parts or devices
forming a machine to be employed in the manufacture of looped or pile fabrics,
in which machine the various parts and devices, and the materials employed in
such manufacture are arranged, combined, and operated substantially in the manner
described, and as represented in the accompanying drawings.
Dated this 21st day of M 1000
W. J. BAKER,
2, New Street, Huddersfield, Agent for the Applicants.