IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANU- FACTURE AND FITTING OR SECURING OF ARMOUR PLATES, BLOCKS, OR BARS, AND IN THE MACHINERY OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN, PARTS OF WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE APPLICABLE TO HEAVY FORGINGS GENERALLY
Year: 1863

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James Yates, of Rotherham, in the County of
York, Iron Master, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANU-
FACTURE AND FITTING OR SECURING OF ARMOUR PLATES, BLOCKS, OR BARS, AND
IN THE MACHINERY OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN, PARTS OF WHICH
IMPROVEMENTS ARE APPLICABLE TO HEAVY FORGINGS GENERALLY."
Sealed the 12th February 1864, and dated the 18th August 1863.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James Yates at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 18th
August 1863.
I, JAMES YATES, of Rotherham, in the County of York, Iron Master,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE MANUFACTURE AND FITTING OR SECURING OF ARMOUR PLATES, BLOCKS, OR
BARS, AND IN THE MACHINERY OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN, PARTS OF WHICH
IMPROVEMENTS ARE APPLICABLE TO HEAVY FORGINGS GENERALLY," to be as
follows:-
This Invention relates to certain peculiar constructions, arrangements, and
combinations of armour plates, blocks, or bars; to the means for uniting or
securing the same together in their places on fixed or floating batteries or
defences; and to the machinery or apparatus to be employed in the manufacture
and manipulation of such plates, blocks, or bars, or other heavy forgings.
In preparing the piles from which armour plates, blocks, or bars are to be
manufactured, I combine together a number of thin bars of iron placed or

page_text: piled side by side in successive layers, each layer crossing the previous one, or
alternate layers of thin bars and flat plates may be employed, or a single layer
of wedge or trapezoidal-shaped bars may be used. The requisite projections
and indentations for securing the plates should be allowed for when forming
the piles. The armour plates, blocks, or bars may be of a rectangular, oblong,
or hexagonal form, being shaped by compression in moulds or frames by
rolling, stamping, or otherwise.
When rolling is adopted, I employ a pair of vertical or oblique carrying or
driving rolls in combination with the horizontal rolls, but driven by separate
gearing of their own, and made adjustable so as to take any width of plate.
This combination of rolls may be used for rolling armour plates and other
similar heavy forgings either with or without a mould or frame, the result in
either case being the production of a plate, block, or bar rolled evenly and
'smooth on its edges as well as its faces. In fitting up and securing armour
plates, I combine face or front blocks of wrought iron with back blocks of
wrought or cast iron, and secure the two together so as to break joint by
the aid of clip-headed or other bolts which take into beads or projections in
the plates, or into corresponding recesses or niches made round the bolt holes
at the junction of the plates. In some cases one or more central bosses are
made on the back of the plate or block, and a long tie bolt screwed therein,
the back plates being held in their places against the front plates by clip
washers embracing projections or beads on their corners, and the whole is
tightened up by strong nuts or cottars.
•
My improvements also consist in making armour plates or blocks with
corresponding projections and indentations on their edges, so that when built
together they will interlock with each other.
Another mode of arranging and securing armour plates consists in com-
bining a number of bars dovetailed into a suitable backing plate, and provided
with projecting or inclined sides, so as to retain the armour plates which are
interposed between them, the face of the work thus presenting a series of
alternate bars and armour plates.
In order to facilitate the handling or manipulation of armour plates and
other heavy forgings, I employ a travelling carriage running on rails, and
carrying a balance lifter or lever, which is run into the furnace under the
pile, and then depressed by a chain or other convenient contrivance and
suitable power at the opposite end, so as to raise the pile from the bottom of
the furnace. The lifter is then run out on to the carriage, and the whole
conveyed to the forging or rolling apparatus. Suitable holding-down pullies
running along the under side of holding-down rails are employed for preventing

page_text: the carriage and lifter from tipping over when transferring the pile from the
furnace to the carriage, or vice versa. One main line of rails may be employed
leading to the forging or rolling apparatus, and provided with several branches
leading to different furnaces placed obliquely on each side of the main tram-
way, which all work in connection with one and the same forging or rolling
apparatus. The moulds employed in shaping the armour plates are all
provided with suitable grooves or exits for the escape of the liquid scoria during
compression.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said James Yates in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
18th February 1864.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JAMES
YATES, of Rotherham, in the County of York, Iron Master, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Eighteenth day of August, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-three, in the twenty-seventh year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said James Yates, Her special license that I, the said James Yates, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said James
Yates, my executors, administrators, or assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the
term therein expressed, should' and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANU-
FACTURE AND FITTING OR SECURING OF ARMOUR PLATES, BLOCKS, OR BARS, AND IN
THE MACHINERY OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN, PARTS OF WHICH IMPROVEMENTS
ARE APPLICABLE TO HEAVY FORGINGS GENERALLY," upon the condition (amongst
others) that I, the said James Yates, my executors or administrators, by
an instrument in writing under my hand and seal, or under the hand and
seal of one of them, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of
the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and
cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said James Yates, do hereby declare the
nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed,

page_text: .to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement,
reference being had to the accompanying Drawings, and to the letters and
figures marked thereon, that is to say :-
My said Invention relates to certain peculiar constructions, arrangements,
and combinations of armour plates, blocks, or bars to the means of uniting or
securing the same together in their places on fixed or floating batteries or
defences, and to the machinery or apparatus to be employed in the manu-
facture and manipulation of such plates, blocks, or bars, or other heavy
forgings.
In carrying out the primary process of preparing the piles or faggots from
which armour plates, blocks, or bars are to be forged or rolled, I combine
together a number of thin bars of iron made in the ordinary manner, and of
the proper quality to give the desired fibre or grain, which bars I place or
pilo side by side in successive layers, each layer crossing the previous one; or
alternate layers of thin bars and flat plates may be employed, or a single layer
of wedge or trapezoidal-shaped bars may be used. Projections and inden-
tations corresponding to the form of the mould or frame in which the blocks
are to be pressed or forged, as described in the Specification of Letters Patent
granted to me on or about the Twenty-sixth of February One thousand eight
hundred and sixty-three, No. 542, may be formed upon the piles or faggots
when preparing the same.
The modes, above described, of preparing the piles or faggots will be found
to give a better result than the ordinary method, wherein a small number of
'thick plates of the full length and breadth of the pile are placed one upon
the other. These plates require individually to undergo numerous expensive
pilings, beatings, and weldings, each operation wasting and deteriorating the
iron. Whilst in the last process of heating and rolling the great area of the
contact surfaces between the several plates frequently prevents the making of
a sound weld. All these objections are, I find, avoided, and a saving of labor
is effectind by adopting the modes of piling herein-before referred to.
The armour plates, blocks, or bars may be of a rectangular, oblong, or
hexagonal form, being shaped in peculiar moulds or frames at one heating by
rolling, stamping, or compressing, substantially in the manner described in the
Specification of the said Patent berein-before referred to. When rolling is
adopted, I propose to employ a pair of vertical or oblique driving rolls in com-
bination with the horizontal rolls, but driven by separate gearing of their own,
and made adjustable so as to take any width of plate. This combination of
rolls may be used for rolling armour plates and other similar heavy forgings
either with or without a mould or frame, the result in either case being the

page_text: production of a rolled plate, block, or bar, having its edges as well as its faces
perfectly even and smooth.
In fitting up and securing armour plates, I combine face or front blocks
of wrought iron with back blocks of wrought or cast iron, and secure the
two together so as to break joint by the aid of clip-headed or other bolts
which take into beads or projections in the plates or into corresponding
recesses or niches made round the bolt holes at the junction of the plates. In
some cases one or more bosses are made on the back of the front plate or
block, and a long tin bolt is screwed into each of the back plates, being held
in their places against the front plates by clip washers embracing projections
or beads on the corners of the plates, and the whole is tightened up by strong
nuts or cottars.
Another mode of arranging and securing armour plates consists in combing
a number of bars dovetailed into a suitable backing plate, and provided
with projecting or inclined sides so as to retain the armour plates which are
interposed between them, the face of the work thus presenting a series of
alternato bars and armour plates.
Another mode of arranging and securing armour plates is by back stays or
brackets resting upon foundation plates, and all being keyed together by dove-
tailed keys.
In order to facilitate the handling or manipulation of armour plates and
other heavy forgings, I employ a travelling carriage running on rails, and
carrying a balance lifter or lever which is run into the furnace under the pile,
and then depressed by a chain or other convenient contrivance, and suitable
power applied to the opposite end, so as to raise the pilo from the bottom of
the furnace. The lifter is then run out into the carriage, and the wholo con-
veyed to the forging or rolling apparatus. Suitable holding-down pullies
running along the under side of holding down rails are employed for prevent-
ing the carriage and lifter from tipping over when transferring the pile from
the furnace to the carriage, or vice versa. One main line of rails may be
employed leading to the forgeing or rolling apparatus, and provided with
several branches leading to different furnaces placed obliquely on each side of
the main tramway which all work in connection with one and the same
forging or rolling apparatus. The peculiar moulds or frames employed in
shaping the armour plates are all provided with suitable grooves or exits for
the escape of the liquid scoria during compression.
And in order that my said Invention may be fully understood, I shall
now proceed more particularly to describe the same, and for that purpose I
shall refer to the several Figures on the Sheets of Drawings hereunto

page_text: annexed, the same letters of reference indicating corresponding parts
throughout all the Figures.
Figures 1 and 2, on Sheet 1 of my Drawings, represent respectively a front
or face and edge view of a block intended for a front armour plate, the back
plate to be combined therewith being shewn in elevation and vertical transverse
section at Figures 3 and 4 respectively. The front block, Figures 1 and 2, is
stamped as hereinafter described, with a raised rib or head a at each corner,
and is so shaped or recessed at the corners, that when four of such blocks are
fitted together, side by side, and corner to corner, a circular aperture will be
left at the part where the corners conjoin, for the passage therethrough of a
peculiar clip-headed bolt, which holds the plates together.
This combination or arrangement of armour plates and bolts will be readily
understood on referring to the elevation, Figure 5, which shews a number of
the front and back plates fitted together. Figure 6 is a sectional plan of the
same corresponding to Figure 5. A, are the front plates or blocks; B, the
back plates; and C, the clip-headed bolts, one of which is shewn detached
in enlarged vertical section at Figure 7. An annular groove b, is formed
under the head of the bolt, and this groove fits over the raised head a. Sur-
rounding the circular aperture or bolt hole c, formed by the junction of the
four corners of the plates A, a bolt hole d is made in the centre of each of the
back plates B, through which the stem of the clip-headed bolt passes. By
this arrangement of the front and back plates a perfect system of break joints
is obtained, the contiguous corners of each set of four front plates A, uniting
in the centre of a back plate B, whilst the contiguous corners of four back
plates unite in the centre of a front plate, as is clearly shewn in Figure 5.
The bolts C are of any designed length for the purpose of holding the armour
plating to timber, stone, or earthwork backing as desired. The front and
back plates are held firmly together, back to back, by the aid of strong keys
or cottars e, driven through the clip bolts, or they may be held by screws
instead of cottars, the heads of which bolts serve moreover to hold the front
plates together laterally, and to cover and protect the corners from the direct
impact of shot, whilst at the same time facility is afforded for the removal and
replacing of broken bolts and plates, if requisite, during action.
Figures 8 and 9 represent respectively a back elevation and transverse
vertical section of another form of front block or plate A, and Figures 10
and 11 are respectively an elevation and edge view of the back plate B, to be
combined with the front blocks Figures 8 and 9. The front block or plate A
is stamped with a raised boss fin the centre at the back, and in this boss is
formed a screw thread into which the sustaining bolts are screwed. The

page_text: back plate B (Figures 10 and 11) is formed at the corners with a raised
bead a, as in Figure 1, the front and back plates being held together and
disposed in the manner shewn in the front elevation of a series of plates at
Figure 12, and in the corresponding sectional plan Figure 13. The screw bolts
C enter the screwed aperturo in the boss f, on the back of the front plate A,
and the contiguous corners of a set of four of the back plates B fit against
and surround the boss f, being held in position by a clip washer D (shewn
in enlarged section and plan at Figures 14 and 15), which is hollowed on one
side to clip over the raised bead a, at each corner of the back plates. A
strong nut g (Figure 13), or a key, or cottar, serves to hold the front and back
plates firmly together, whilst the bolt C is of a sufficient length to secure the
plating to a backing of timber, masonry, or earthwork.
Figure 16 is a sectional plan of front and back blocks similar to those
shewn at Figure 13, but the front blocks A are made with slightly bevelled
edges, a corresponding rib h on the face of the back blocks fitting between
the bevelled edges of the blocks A, thereby affording greater facility for
removing and replacing the front blocks.
Figures 17 and 18 represent respectively a face and edge view of another
form of stamped front block A, having stepped or shouldered indents i, i, at
the corners and edges to receive corresponding stepped clip bolts as hereinafter
described. The back plates may be common undressed, rolled, or stamped
plates, half the width of the front blocks, and of any convenient length, as
shewn at Figures 19 and 20, which represent respectively a face elevation
and sectional plan of a number of these front and back plates A and B secured
together by the stepped clip bolts C, the heads of which are flush with the
face of the plating. Two of these clip bolts are shewn on a larger scale de-
tached at Figure 21. They have one, two, or more shoulders k pressed upon
them near the head, and these shoulders are undercut or hollowed, as shewn,
in order to clip over or fit into the corresponding shoulders on the indents i, i,
of the front blocks or plates, each bolt grasping the contiguous corners of two
of the front blocks or plates, and the middle edge of the adjoining block or
plate in the upper or under tier or row. Strong nuts g (Figure 20), screwed
on to the stem of the clip bolts, or a key, or cottar, serve to hold the front
and back blocks or plates firmly together. The bolts may be of any length,
so as to secure the plating to a backing of timber, masonry, or earthwork, as
desired.
According to another arrangement each clip bolt may be passed through a
clip washer which grasps a beading on the contiguous corners of two back
blocks, and the middle edge of the adjoining block, and holds them together.

page_text: A strong nut, or key, or cottar, tightening the washer firmly against the back
of the block.
Figure 22 is a face view of several rolled plates or blocks A, combined
with rolled dovetailed locking ribs or bars A', interposed between the edges
of the plates A, and dovetailed into a back plate B. Figure 23 is a sectional
plan of this arrangement, shewing how the front blocks A and lock ribs A'
are keyed or held by the dovetails n, n, to the back plates and timbers, a
transverse section of which is given at Figure 24.
Figure 25 is a side view of one of the dovetailed lock ribs or bars A¹ dove-
tailed to the back frame or plate B. C, C, are long holding bolts passing
through the back plates B and timber framing B', and extending thence to a
further backing of timber, masonry, or earthwork, the heads of the bolts
being counter sunk into the plates B.
Figure 26 represents a hexagonal armour plate or block, which may be
stamped either with a screw boss f at the back, or with indented and beaded
corners or angles for the reception of clip bolts as desired.. It will be obvious
that these various forms of plates, blocks, or bars, when fitted together, as
hereinbefore described, will make efficient facings for old forts, or batteries,
arsenals, or other defences. When required for new forts, and batteries, and
other defences, they will form independent walls readily erected and requiring
comparatively inexpensive further backing.
In Figures 27, 28, 29, and 30 I have shewn several forms of blocks and
bars as portions of the wall of a fort or battery. A, A, A, are foundation
plates or blocks; D, D, back stays or brackets; B, solid or intermediate
front block; r, r, back strengthening ribs, and the dovetail slot for the
reception of the upper end of back stay D; C, C, front embrasure block, with
its port hole p; G, a guard block for port hole, with its trunnions t, &;
W, curb block to top of well; k, k, dovetailed keys for securing the foundation
plate, the front block, and the back stay together; n, a swing rod to push
home the port guard G.
I shall now procced more particularly to describe the mode I adopt for
forming primary piles from which armour plates or blocks are to be stamped
or rolled.
Figure 1, on Sheet 2, of my Drawings, represents a perspective view of a
pile, composed of a number of thin bars, placed placed side by side, in a
series of layers crossing each other at right angles.
Figure 2 is a similar view of a pile, composed of alternate layers of thin
bars and plates, the bars in each succeeding layer being laid, by preference,
crosswise, or diagonally, or at a different angle to the preceding layer of bars.

page_text: In Figure 3 the pile is represented as composed of a single series of parallel
wedge-shaped or trapezoidal bars, laid upon a single series of flat bars, placed
crosswise. In making these piles, the desired indents and projections re-
quired in fitting the finished plates or blocks, are allowed for, as shewn at
a, a, in Figures 1, 2, and 3. The piles, thus prepared, are conveyed to a
heating furnace, shewn in vertical section at Figure 4, the introduction and
removal of the pile being effected by a travelling apparatus hereinafter de-
scribed. A. is an ordinary or other convenient heating furnace, wherein the
pile B is heated to a welding heat. The pile rests upon brick supports C,
and openings are left between the supports for the admission underneath the
bottom of the pile of the prongs a, a, of a balance lifter D, shewn in end
view and plan detached at Figure 5, and in side elevation, in the act of
removing a pile in Figure 4. This lifter, when run underneath the pile, rests
upon a fulcrum roller E, fitted to the furnace, and its outer end n is attached
to a chain F, which passes downwards under a travelling pulley G, and then
passes to a winding drum actuated by the engine. II is a holding down
pulley, connected by powerful links to the pulley G, and travelling along the
under side of a centre holding down rail I. K is a truck, provided with a
number of rollers upon its surface, and running along trams or branch rails L
(shewn in the general plan, Figure 6), leading to a main line of rails or
tram M. To remove a heated pile from the furnace, this truck, with the
lifter upon it, is run in close to the furnace mouth by means of the chain N,
shewn in dotted lines in Figure 4, which is attached to the outer end of the
truck at T, and then passes underneath the truck to a fixed pulley O, at the
front end of the furnace. The chain N is then detached from the end of the
truck and temporarily attached to the end of the lifter at n, when by hauling
again at the chain N, the lifter is carried over the rollers with its prongs a, a,
under the pile unto the proper position (shown in Fig. 4), and is held in that
position by a stop p on the rails or trams. The chain F is now attached to
the end of the lifter and hauled upon by the engine, the effect is to draw down
the outer end of the lifter and to elevate the inner end inside the furnace,
thereby raising the heated pile B from off its brick support. By continuing
the traction on the chain F the lifter and pile will be drawn out of the furnace
on to the top of the truck. R is a screw for preventing the undue rising
of the outer end of the lifter when its opposite end is run out over the front
edge of the truck. The lifter and pile being properly adjusted upon the truck
up to the stop S at the front end thereof, the stop P is removed, the pulley G
liberated, and the whole is drawn down the side branch to the inclined main
tramway M (Fig. 6) and allowed to run to the stamping, compressing, or

page_text: shaping machine described in the Specification of my said Patent herein-before
mentioned into the modified form of that machine herein-after referred to,
with sufficient force to cause the pile and lifter to slide home in the mould or
shaping frame ready for the operation of the stamper. The engine then draws
out the forked lifter, the pile being held in by the front slide of the machine
being let down, and the truck is run back with a fresh pile to the furnace
again. The pile is pushed into the furnace by the chain N being temporarily
attached to the end of the lifter at n, as herein-before described, the end of
the truck being held down by the travelling pulley Q running along the under
side of the holding-down rail. In tho general plan, Fig. 6, the position of
the furnaces and anvil are shewn with the main and branch tramways leading
thereto, the whole being so arranged that any number of furnaces may be in
connection with one straight main line leading direct to one and the same
anvil, block, or rolls. In some cases it may be better to place the furnaces
alternately, as shewn at b, b, which will give more room than when placed
opposite each other, as at a, a, and will require only single instead of double
crossings on the line of tramway. The position of the anvil, blocks, or rolls, as
the case may be, is shewn at A. Although I prefer to have a special holding-
down rail laid between the outer rails of the branch lines, as shewn in Fig. 6,
yet in some cases the outer rails may be made to serve the same purpose; or
the holding-down rail or rails may extend through the entire system of rail-
way, and instead of the pile being hauled upon the carriage as above described
it may remain overhanging the carriage, as shewn in the Drawing, and be
carried to and deposited upon the anvil, rolls, or die; or a balance carriage may
be employed having two pairs, or only a single pair of wheels with holding-
down travelling pullies.
Figures 7 and 8 represent respectively a vertical and horizontal section of a
slightly modified arrangement of the machinery for stamping or shaping
armour plates or blocks, which was described in the Specification of my Patent
No. 542, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-three.
I lay no claim, however, to this arrangement, excepting so far as relates to the
passage for the escape of the liquid scoria. In the modification here shown tho
frame of the machine consists of a number of strong wrought-iron columns q
keyed to the top plate and anvil block in the manner shown, and the number
of hydraulic rams for imparting the vertical and lateral pressure is increased.
A is the anvil block; b, b, and c, c, are the lateral sliding blocks; d, d, the
rams for working the same; f.f, the pipes for supplying the small cylinders e, e;
9, 9, the columns of the framing; h, h, the main vertical pressing cylinders;
i, i, the rams for the same; k, the vertical sliding block; 1, the hammer or

page_text: stamping block; m, m, the supply pipes for the cylinders h; n, the escape and
back lift pipe; p, the mould or space in which the metal is shaped; q, q, the
moulding or shaping surfaces; r, a passage for the escape of the liquid scoria.
I also propose, according to this Invention, to roll the edges of plates, blocks,
and bars to the size and shape required by passing the moulds and plates
described in the Specification of my said Patent of One thousand eight hundred
and sixty-three, between a supplementary pair of carrying or driving rolls
placed either vertically or obliquely to the horizontal.axis of the ordinary rolls,
and at such a distance asunder as will give the desired width of block, plate,
or bar. The speed of these vertical or oblique rolls should correspond with
the speed of the horizontal rolls. In some cases I roll the edges of the block,
plate, or bar by these perpendicular or oblique rolls without the use of frames
or moulds. Figures 9 and 10 represent respectively an elevation and plan of
a portion of a rolling mill so constructed. a, a, are two vertical rolls keyed
upon the shafts b, b, which are driven by bevel wheels c, c, from the horizontal
shaft d working in fixed bearings f, f. E is one of the ordinary horizontal
rolls, and 9, 9, are the housings for the same. The vertical shafts b, b, are
supported in carriages which slide upon the bed plate k, and carry the vertical
or oblique rolls a. These carriages are adjusted by the strong screw spindle j
to the proper distance asunder to suit the width of plate or bar to be rolled.
The driving gear of the vertical or oblique rolls is made capable of being
thrown in or out of action in any well known manner.
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of my said
Invention, and the manner in which the same is or may be used or carried
into effect, I would observe in conclusion, that what I consider to be novel
and original, and therefore claim as the Invention secured to me by the
herein-before in part recited Letters Patent, is,―
1st. The peculiar constructions, arrangements, and combinations of armour
plates or blocks and bars for defensive purposes, substantially as berein-before
described.
2nd. The peculiar means for fitting, uniting, and securing armour plates
or blocks and bars in their places on fixed or floating batteries or defences,
substantially as herein-before described.
3rd. The general construction, arrangement, and combination of machinery
or apparatus for placing and removing the piles for armour plates and heavy
forgings generally in and from the furnace, and transporting the same to and
from the furnaces and anvil block, die, or rolls, as herein-before described.
4th. The general construction, arrangement, and combination of rolling
mill, as herein-before described.

page_text: 5th. The rolling of the edges of armour plates, blocks, or bars, and other
heavy forgings simultaneously with the rolling of the faces thereof by means
of vertical or oblique adjustable driving or carrying rolls, actuated by special
gearing of their own, in the manner herein-before described.
6th. The peculiar modes of preparing the piles or faggots from which
armour plates or blocks and other similar heavy forgings are to be manu-
factured, substantially as herein-before described.
7th. The peculiar construction of clip-headed bolts and clip washers, and
the modes of applying the same to the securing of armour plates or blocks,
substantially as herein-before described and illustrated by my Drawings.
8th. The application and use to and in the shaping and forging of armour
plates, blocks, and other heavy forgings of moulds or frames, provided with
grooves or apertures for facilitating the escapo of the liquid scoria when the
metal is under compression, as herein-before described.
9th. The peculiar mode of arranging and combining the furnaces, anvil
block, or rolling mill, and tramways, whereby any number of furnaces may be
used with one and the same forging apparatus, as herein-before described and
illustrated at Fig. 6 (Sheet 2) of my Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said James Yates, have hereunto set my
band and seal, this Seventeenth day of February, One thousand eight
hundred and sixty-four.
JAMES YATES. (L.S.)