CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN WARMING AND MOISTENING AIR
Year: 1856

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Goldsworthy Gurney, of Bude, Cornwall, for the
Invention of "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN WARMING AND MOISTENING AIR."
Sealed the 16th December 1856, and dated the 23rd June 1856.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Goldsworthy Gurney at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition; on the
23rd June 1856.
I, GOLDSWORTHY GURNEY, do hereby declare the nature of the said In-
vention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN WARMING AND MOISTENING AIR," to be
as follows, namely:-
An apparatus constructed to apply the laws of conduction and convection of
heat for the purposes of warming and moistening air. The apparatus consists
of a metalic vessel, having a number of plates extending from its outer
surface, standing with the plates vertical in' a shallow trough of water.' Heat
is communicated to the interior of the apparatus by hot water, steam, or fire,
and from thence, under the laws of conduction, passes into the plates.
outside; part of the heat from the plates is communicated to the water in
the trough below, and part to the air between them above. As the water
becomes warmed, the vapor escaping from its surface passes up into the air
contained in the spaces spaces between the plates.
The air in combination with vapor receives heat more rapidly from the
warmed surfaces of the plates than it otherwise would' do, and moves upwards

page_text: with an increased velocity directly as its increased temperature; under the
laws of convection, it is communicated to the atmosphere above. The portion
of evaporation escaping from the trough which may not be drawn into the
upcast column between the plates .rises directly and moistens the atmosphere
above.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, file
by the said Göldsworthy Gurney in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
23rd December 1856.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, GOLDSWORTHY
GURNEY, of Bude, Cornwall, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-third day of June, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-six, in the twentieth year of
Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said Goldsworthy Gurney, Her special licence that I, the said Golds-
worthy Gurney, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as
I, the said Goldsworthy Gurney, my executors, administrators, and assigns,
should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at
all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully
might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
"CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS FOR WARMING AND MOISTENING AIR," upon the con-
dition (amongst others), that I, the said Goldsworthy Gurney, my executors
or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of
their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature
of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed;
and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Goldsworthy Gurney, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement thereof, that is to say:-
An apparatus constructed to apply the laws of conduction and convection of
heat for the purposes of warming and moistening air. The apparatus consists
of a metallic vessel, having a number of plates extending from its outer surface,

page_text: standing with the plates vertical in a shallow trough of water.
Heat is com-
municated to the interior of the apparatus by hot water, steam, or fire, and
from thence, under the laws of conduction, passes into the plates on the outside';
part of the heat from the plates is communicated to the water in the trough
5 below, and part to the air between them above. As the water becomes
warmed, the vapour escaping from its surface passes up into the air contained
in the spaces between the plates.
The air in combination with vapour receives heat more rapidly from the
warmed surfaces of the plates than it otherwise would do, and moves upwards
with an increased velocity directly as its increased temperature; under the laws
of convection, it is communicated to the atmosphere above. The portion of
evaporation escaping from the trough which may not be drawn into the upcast
.column between the plates rises directly and moistens the atmosphere above.
Having thus stated the nature of my said Invention, I will proceed to
describe more fully the manner of performing the same, and in doing so, I
would remark that the form of the apparatus may be varied, but I prefer that
it should be cylindrical, with a series of radiating projecting plates on the
exterior surface rising from the lower part upwards.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING.
Figure 1 shews a vertical section of the apparatus constructed according to
my Invention; Figure 2 shows a horizontal section thereof. a, a, is a cylinder
of cast iron or other metal, with numerous radial plates a', a', cast on and
projecting therefrom, forming part therewith. Figure 1, 6 is a trough or
vessel at the bottom of the apparatus to contain water. The cylinder and its
radial plates may be made in one casting when the apparatus is small; but
when large, I prefer that it should be made in several sections to go together,
and be fixed by screw bolts and nuts. The interior of the apparatus shewn
may be heated by a fire, gas, hot water, or steam. When using a fire, as
shown in the Drawing, Figure 1, (61, 61,) the fuel is supplied through the top
by removing for the purpose a moveable cover d. The air to supply the fire
is admitted through the ash-pit doorway e, Figure 1, placed below in brick-
work, as is well understood; f is the outlet or flue leading to a chimney for
the passage of the heated products of combustion. By this arrangement the
heat on the inside will be conducted into the vertical plates, and then part
of it downwards into the water in the trough or vessel b, and the amount of
vapour arising therefrom will be in proportion to the quantity of heat thus
transmitted by conduction; the effect will be that the vapour, as it escapes from
the water in the trough, will mix with the air above, and pass up in combina

page_text: tion between the outer heated surface of the vessel a and the radial projecting
plates a; here it will be dissolved and assume the gaseous state; by virtue of
the laws of diffusion of gases, the vapour and water in solution will be more
extensively and uniformly diffused throughout the surrounding atmosphere of
the room or place where the apparatus is placed; under the laws of convection,
it will rapidly carry and part with its increased temperature uniformly to a
distance from and near the apparatus, which is a result very different from
what takes place when dry air alone becomes heated by a stove or other
heating surface; and it is the constructing apparatus as above described, with
a trough for water at the lower part thereof, which constitutes the peculiarity
of my Invention.
In witness whereof, I, the said Goldsworthy Gurney, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Twenty-second day of December, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-six.
Witness,
JNO. ALCOCK.
∙GOLD GURNEY. (L.S.)

page_text: SUMNER AND KENNARD'S AMENDED DISCLAIMER AND
! MEMORANDUM OF ALTERATION (GURNEY'S SPECIFICATION).
Filed 13th February 1861.
In the Matter of Letters Patent granted to GOLDSWORTHY GURNEY,
of Bude, Cornwall, for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN WARMING AND
MOISTENING AIR," bearing date the Twenty-third day of June, One
thousand eight hundred and fifty-six, No. 1468.
DISCLAIMER AND MEMORANDUM OF ALTERATION proposed to be
filed by Charles Sumner, of Farrar's Buildings, Temple, in the City of
London, Esquire, and Robert William Kennard, of Upper Thames
Street, in the same City, Esquire, Trustees of the London Warming
and Ventilating Company, Limited, the Assignees of the said Letters
Patent.
TO ALL TO, WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, CHARLES
SUMNER, of Farrar's Buildings, Temple, in the City of London, Esquire, and
ROBERT WILLIAM KENNARD, of Upper Thames Street, in the same City,
Esquire, send greeting.

page_text: WHEREAS by the Letters Patent of Her Majesty Queen Victoria, under
the Great Seal of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, bearing
date the Twenty-third day of June, in the year of our Lord One thousand
eight hundred and fifty-six, Her said Majesty granted unto Goldsworthy
Gurney, of Bude, in the County of Cornwall, the sole privilege to make, use,
exercise, and vend his Invention of "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN WARMING AND
MOISTENING AIR," within the said United Kingdom, and also the Channel
Islands and Isle of Man, during the term of fourteen years thence next
ensuing And whereas, in pursuance of a condition in the said Letters Patent
contained, the said Goldsworthy Gurney did cause a Specification in writing,
under his hand and seal, dated the Twenty-third day of December, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-six, particularly ascertaining
and describing the nature of- the said Invention, and the manner in which
the same is to be performed, to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office:
And whereas, by an Indenture made between the said Goldsworthy Gurney
of the first part, the London Warming and Ventilating Company, Limited,
of the second part, and us, the said Charles Sumner and Robert William
Kennard, of the third part, bearing date the Eighth day of July, One thousand
eight hundred and fifty-eight, and entered in the Register of Properties kept
at the Office for filing Specifications under the Patent Law Amendment Act,
1852, the said Letters Patent, and the said privilege thereby granted, were
assigned unto us, the said Charles Sumner and Robert William Kennard, our
executors, administrators, and assigns, for all the then residue of the said
term of fourteen years: And whereas we have been advised that it is doubtful
whether the claim of Invention contained in the said Specification does not
(contrary to the intention of the said Patentee) extend to apparatus for
warming and moistening air, whether containing or, combined with a water
trough or not, and in order to obviate the doubts respecting the construction
of the said claim in that respect, and to avoid the consequences which would
arise from the said claim being deemed in anywise too extensive, and also to
correct.some inaccuracies of expression contained in the said Specification, we
are desirous of making and filing this present Disclaimer and Memorandum of
Alteration.
NOW KNOW YE, THEREFORE, that we, the said Charles Sumner and
Robert William Kennard, by and with the leave of Sir William Atherton,
Knight, Her Majesty's Solicitor General, and for the reasons aforesaid, do
hereby disclaim apparatus for warming or moistening air constructed of. heating

page_text: apparatus without any trough or vessel for water combined with such
heating apparatus, as described or mentioned in the said Specification as
being by the said Specification claimed as part of the Invention com-
prised in the said Letters Patent, and the privilege thereby granted;
and by and with the leave aforesaid, and for the reasons aforesaid, we do
hereby disclaim all parts of the description contained in the said Specifi-
cation not comprised in the description of the said Invention as bereby
altered, and we do alter the said description of the said Invention contained
in the said Specification, so that the same, with the aid of the Drawings
accompanying the said Specification (a copy whereof is hereunto annexed)
shall henceforth be in the words, letters, and figures following (that is
to say):
An apparatus constructed to apply the laws of conduction and convection of
beat for the purposes of warming and moistening air.
The apparatus consists of a metallic vessel having a number of plates
extending from its outer surface standing with the plates vertical in a shallow
trough of water. Heat is communicated to the interior of the heating
apparatus by hot water, steam, or fire, and from thence under the laws of
conduction passes into the plates on the outside; part of the heat from the
plates is communicated to the water in the trough below and part to the air
between them above the water. As the water becomes warmed the vapour
escaping from its surface passes up into the air contained in the spaces between
the plates. The air in combination with vapour receives heat more rapidly
from the warmed surfaces of the plates than it otherwise would do, and moves
upwards with an increased velocity directly as its increased temperature, and
under the laws of convection, it, that
to say,
the heat is communicated to the
atmosphere above. The portion of evaporation escaping from the trough
which may not be drawn into the upcast column between the plates rises
directly and moistens the atmosphere above.
Having thus stated the nature of my said Invention, I will proceed
to describe more fully the manner of performing the same, and in doing so I
would remark that the form of the apparatus may be varied, but I prefer that
it should be cylindrical, the apparatus being in every case made with a series of
radiating projecting plates on the exterior surface rising from the lower part.
upwards.

page_text: Figure 1 shews a vertical section of the apparatus constructed according to
my Invention; Figure 2 shows a horizontal section thereof. a, a, is a cylinder
of cast-iron or other metal, with numerous radial radiating plates, a, a,
.cast on and projecting therefrom, forming part therewith. Figure 1; 6 is a
trough or vessel at the bottom of the apparatus to contain water. The
cylinder and its radial plates may be made in one casting when the apparatus
is small; but when large I prefer that it should, be made in several sections
to go together and be fixed by screw bolts and nuts. The interior of the
heating apparatus or cylinder shewn may be heated by a fire, gas, hot water,
or steam. When using a fire, as shown in the Drawing, Figure 1, (b¹, b₁₁)
the fuel is supplied through the top by removing for the purpose a moveable
cover d. The air to supply the fire is admitted through the ash-pit doorway e,
Figure 1, placed below in brickwork, as is well understood; f is the outlet or
flue, leading to a chimney for the passage of the heated products of combustion.
By this arrangement the heat on the inside will be conducted into the vertical
plates, and then part of it downwards into the water in the trough or vessel b,
and the amount of vapour arising therefrom will be in proportion to the
quantity of heat thus transmitted by conduction; the effect will be, that the
yapour as it escapes from the water in the trough will mix with the air above,
and pass up in combination between the outer heated surface of the vessel a
and the radial projecting plates a¹. Here it will be dissolved, and assume the
gaseous state. By virtue of the laws of diffusion of
gases, the
water in solution will be more extensively, and uniformly diffused throughout
the surrounding atmosphere of the room or place where the apparatus is
placed; under the laws of convection it will rapidly carry and part with its
increased temperature uniformly to a distance from and near the apparatus,
which is a result very different from what takes place when dry air alone
becomes heated by a stove or other heating surface; and it is the combination
of heating apparatus having radiating projecting plates constructing apparatus,
as above described, with a trough for water at the lower part thereof for
warming and moistening air, which constitutes the peculiarity of my Invention.
And we, the said Charles Sumner and Robert William Kennard, do
further declare that the above written Disclaimer and Memorandum of
Alteration are not, nor is either of them, nor is any part thereof respectively
intended to extend the exclusive right granted by the said Letters Patent,
1.1
vapour
and

page_text: and that these Presents shall not extend the said exclusive right in any way
whatsoever
In witness whereof, we, the said Charles Sumner and Robert William
Kennard, have hereunto set our hands and seals, this Seventh day
of February, One thousand eight hundred and sixty-one.
In witness whereof, we, the said Charles Sumner and Robert William
Kennard, have hereunto set our hands and seals, this Seventh day
of February, One thousand eight hundred and sixty-one.
I hereby grant my fiat giving leave to the aforesaid Charles Sumner and
Robert William Kennard, Trustees of the London Warming and Ventilating
Company (Limited), the Assignees of the said Letters Patent, to file in the
Great Seal Patent Office, with the Specification to which the same relates,
the within-written Amended Disclaimer and Memorandum of Alteration.
WM. ATHERTON, 'S. G.
Temple, 11th February 1861.