IMPROVED COWL ARRANGEMENTS FOR VENTILATION
Year: 1884

page_text: I GEORGE FELLOWS HARRINGTON of Ryde in the Isle of Wight Gentleman
do hereby declare the nature of my Invention for "IMPROVED COWL ARRANGEMENTS
FOR VENTILATION to be as follows:-
My improvements consist of extending the same or similar Cowl arrangements
for Ventilating Ships, Rooms of Houses, public Buildings and other places as are
specified in my Patent dated January 24th 1883 N° 387 for "Improvements in
ventilating Sewers" which specified improvements include self-acting revolving
Cowls trapped with the upcast shafts on which they revolve, which shafts are made
with Wicker work lined inside and coated outside with Cement or lined inside with
Cement and coated outside with Brick-tiles, and arranged to connect the Cowls
with the Sewers to convey fresh air into them to ventilate them.
But as my aforesaid patent confines the said Invention to sewer ventilation this
patent is intended to protect me in extending the system to ventilate Ships Rooms
of Houses, public buildings and other places, and for these purposes I use self-acting
revolving Cowls to face the wind, that is, they are made with their mouths, about
double the area of their throats, and formed to combine the acting and re-acting
energy of the wind the receive to compress it and force it through their throats into
the upcast shafts on which they revolve and with which they are trapped by means
of Oil to prevent the escape of such Wind-The shafts also being made of Wicker
work, Cement and Brick tiles and about double the areas of the throats of the
Cowls to lessen the friction of the currents of air while passing through them to
the Rooms of Houses, public Buildings and other places. By this arrangement
much larger quantities of fresh air will be conveyed into Rooms & to ventilate
them than has hitherto been done by Cowls arranged with shafts of the same areas
as their throats.
But as the rolling and pitching and tossing of Ships would vary the level of the
Oil so as to untrap the Cowls and Shafts, I make the shafts of metal for Ships so
that the Cowls can be turned by hand to face the wind, as is now done, and instead
of always using parallel shafts of about the same areas as the mouths of the Cowls,
in cases where it is desirable to economise space I arrange the Cowls on tapering
shafts made either in one length or divided into Sections to slide into each other
Price 671

page_text: and lengthen out again when required. And by having the shafts tapering out
from the throats of the Cowls, the friction of the currents of wind would be much
lessened, and larger quantities of fresh air would be conveyed into Cabins & than
could be with shafts of the same size as the throats of the Cowls, so that as by my
aforesaid patented Cowl arrangements I convey much larger quantities of fresh air
into Sewers than had previously been done so in like manner by the Coal
arrangements herein provisionally specified, I shall convey much larger quantities
of fresh air into Ships Rooms of Houses, public Buildings and other places which
require ventilation than has hitherto been done.

page_text: I GEORGE FELLOWS HABRINGTON of Northwood House Ryde Isle of Wight
Gentleman do hereby declare the nature of my Invention for "IMPROVED COWL
ARRANGEMENTS FOR VENTILATION" and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-
My improvements consist of extending similar Cowl arrangements for ventilating
public buildings, Rooms of houses, House drains, Strong rooms of Banks, Vaults,
Railways, Ships and other places, as are specified in my Patent dated January 24th
1883 N° 387 for "Improvements in Ventilating Sewers.".
But as the aforesaid Patent confines the said Invention to the ventilation of
Sewers this Patent is to protect me in extending the system to Ventilate such
Buildings, Railways, Ships and other places as are stated above, for which purposes
I use self-revolving Cowls made with Vanes to cause them to face the Wind, and
formed with mouths about double the area of their throats, to combine the acting
and reacting force of the wind which blows into their Mouths, so as to compress
itself into and force itself through their throats into the shafts upon which they are
fitted, such Cowls being made to revolve on Spindles secured to the insides of the
upper parts of such shafts. The Cowls being also made with flanges round the
outsides of their throats and with rims descending therefrom to revolve in Oil
confined in receptacles made in the shafts to contain it so as to trap the Cowls and
shafts to prevent the escape of the Wind from the upper parts of the shafts after it
blows through the Cowls into them, and I make the apertures in the Cowls either.
square or round.
I make the Cowls for ventilating House drains to correspond in form with those
specified in my aforesaid Patent for ventilating. Sewers as represented by Figure 1,
but for public buildings, Rooms of houses and such other places as should have Wind
without rain to ventilate them, the Cowls are made of Swan-neck form to separate
Wind from rain during rainy weather, so as to cause the rain-water to run back.
out of their mouths as the wind compresses itself into and forces itself through their
throats into the shafts, as shown in Figure 2. By this arrangement the currents
which the force of the wind forms as it blows through the Cowls into the shafts,
contain much greater energy than is contained in currents of the same area of the
outside wind which produces them, and it is the obtaining of this wind power
which constitutes the substantial value of this Invention.
I form the shafts for "Improved Cowl Ventilation" in suitable lengths made
either of Wicker work and Cement, as specified in my patent of January 24th 1883
N° 387 or of Cement without Wicker work, each length being secured by and
bolted to suitably formed Nails driven into the joints of the Walls to which the
shafts are attached, the exterior of such Cement being formed, and either stained
to imitate the colour of the Bricks, or otherwise made to correspond with and to
appear like integral parts of the buildings against which they are placed, as shown
for shafts composed of cement and Wicker work by Figures 3, 4 and 5, and for
shafts consisting of Cement without Wicker work by Figures 6, 7 and 8, A B for
the two kinds of shafts shewing the end sections of each length of shafting and the
manner of bolting them to the Nails driven into the Walls-And in moulding shafts
made without wicker work, cavities are moulded in their ends to receive the beads
of the Nails and a hole is also moulded for the bolt to pass through the shaft and
the holes in the Nails to secure each section of the shafts to the Walls during their
erection, and pieces of wire twisted bent and looped to receive the bolts are
moulded in the end parts of the cement shafts to strengthen their attachment to
the Walls against which they are placed, as shown in the end Section,
;

page_text: Figure 9 represents the form of the Nails that are used for securing the shafts to
the walls.
I also make shafts without Wicker work by placing frames with spaces between
them against the Walls to which the shafts are attached by means of ordinary
Nails driven into the joints with their heads projecting to be moulded in the shafts,
the outsides of the inner frames giving form to the insides of the shafts, and the
insides of the outer frames giving form to the outsides of such shafts, and I pour
drop or force wet ceinent into the spaces left between the two frames to form the
shafts, and I remove the frames after the cement becomes sufficiently hard and firm
to admit of their being taken away.
To ventilate the room of a house I arrange a self-revolving Swan-neck Cowl, as
represented by Figure 2, to face the outside Wind and trap it by means of Oil with
and fit it on to a shaft communicating with the inside of the room for wind to blow
currents of fresh air without rain into piping-say of Zinc-connected with the
shaft and placed between the joists under the floor boards and by cutting away the
Wall over the door frame to admit the piping to communicate with a Cornice
(Figure 10) placed over the door frame and made hollow to receive the current of
fresh air through an aperture made in the back of such Cornice H and with a
slide I to admit of such aperture being opened by the Wire W and handle R for
air to enter the Cornice, or closed to keep it out, and also to regulate the quantity
which enters the Cornice, at pleasure. The Cornice having holes (0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0)
made on the top of it to allow.the air as it enters to pass into the room, the which
holes being made conical will cause the currents to diffuse as they enter, and by
thus constantly charging the upper part of such room with fresh air, will drive the
foul air up its chimney and thereby prevent draughts and a smoky room.
this description it will be obvious that by extending the piping which conveys the
down current to several rooms of the same house, they may be ventilated by means
of one Cowl, and also the space between the ground and wood flooring at its base
to drive out the damp air, and by varying the arrangements for public buildings
according to the taste of Architects and Builders, &, they may be efficiently
ventilated by the self acting wind-power system.
From
To ventilate the Strong-rooms of Banks and Vaults I arrange self-revolving
swan-neck Cowls to face the outside wind, and trap them by means of Oil with and
fit them to shafts communicating with the insides of such rooms and vaults for
Wind to blow fresh without rain into such rooms and vaults, and I make holes in
the doors of such rooms and vaults to allow the damp air to escape.
To ventilate the Tunnels and Stations of underground and other Railways
I arrange self-revolving swan-neck Cowls, to face the outside wind and trap them
by means of Oil with and fit them on shafts communicating with the insides of
such tunnels and Stations, for wind to blow fresh air without rain into such Tunnels
and Stations, and cause the foul air to escape, thereby preventing the sensation of
"stuffiness" of which passengers generally complain. The traffic on the line will
also assist this system of ventilation even when no wind is perceptible-for each
moving Train by driving the air before it as it approaches each shaft will force a
current of foul air up such shaft and induce a corresponding current of fresh air
down such shaft after passing it to supply the partial vacuum which the Train leaves
in its rear.
To ventilate a House drain I arrange a self-revolving Cowl (Figure 1) to face the
outside wind and trap it by means of Oil with and fit it to a shaft rising above the
house and communicating with the drain for wind to blow fresh air into the drain
and through the drain into the Sewer carrying the foul gas with it without any
traps being required except those traps which intervene between the shaft and
Cowl and between the shaft and Water Closet, because while the drain in common
with the Sewer is continually being charged with fresh air, which collects and
carries the foul gas with it as it travels, no Sewer Gas can return. Under
circumstances where a trap is ordered or desired to be placed in the drain to

page_text: disconnect it from the Sewer, in addition to the shaft and Cowl, as already
described, I connect a second shaft with the drain to conduct the currents of air,
after combining with the Gas in the drain, above the house, in which case there
need be no opening on the surface of the ground to admit air into the drain.
To ventilate Ships I use Swan-neck Cowls fitted on Metal shafts to be turned in
the usual way for wind to blow currents of fresh air without rain where and when
wanted. But instead of making parallel shafts of the same area as the throats of
the Cowls, I make them to continually taper outwards as they descend either in
one length or in several lengths, to slide into each other when not in use. and to
admit of being drawn out again when required the lengths to be made with stops
to butt against each other to keep them air tight. By this arrangement the friction
of the down currents being lessened in proportion as the area of the insides of the
tapering shafts increases, more than 40 per cent additional air may be conveyed to
ventilate the lower parts of Ships than with parallel shafts of the same area as the
throats of the Cowls.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
Invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I do not confine
myself to the details herein described provided I retain the novel elements of the
invention in such other modes of carrying it out as I may choose to adopt.
Therefore I wish it to be understood that what I consider novel and original in
this invention and claim as secured to me by this patent is:-
First, the shaping the Cowls in the Swan-neck form to combine the acting and
reacting force of wind to compress it as it blows through their mouths into their
throats and to separate the rain from such wind, in rainy weather, before it enters
the shafts, and to trap the Cowls and shafts by means of Oil (a a Figure 2) so as
to prevent the escape of the air between the upper ends of the shafts and the
throats of the Cowls as described by words and shewn on the Drawings.
Second, the making the shafts of Cement without Wicker Work by moulding
them of convenient lengths and forms to be secured to suitable Nails driven into
the Walls against which they are erected as herein described by words and
illustrated by Figure 6.
Third, the application of the Cowls and Cement shafts which are included in the
First and Second claims I have herein made, either in combination or separately,
to ventilate the rooms of houses, public buildings, strong Rooms of Banks, Vaults,
the Tunnels and Stations of underground or other Railways, and such other places
as require ventilation and to which they may be applied.
Fourth, the making and applying the already herein described Swan-neck Cowls
to ventilate Ships, also the making and applying the already herein described Metal
shafts to taper or enlarge from the Cowls to which they are fitted, towards the
Cabins or such other parts of Ships as require ventilation either in one length or in
several lengths made to slide into each other when not in use and to slide out of
each other when required, as already herein described.
Fifth, the exclusive right to apply the Cowl (Figure 1) and the Cement and
Wicker Work shafts which were also specified in my Patent for "Improvements in
ventilating Sewers" dated January 24th 1883 N° 387 not only for ventilating
Sewers but also for ventilating house drains and such other places as require
Ventilation and to which they may be applied, either in combination or separately,
with power to modify details.