Improvements in Apparatus for Stopping or Closing the Mouths or Orifices of Hollow Vessels, Conduits, and Pipes.
Year: 1884

page_text: Improvements in Apparatus for Stopping or Closing the Mouths
or Orifices of Hollow Vessels, Conduits, and Pipes.
I WILLIAM BUCKWELL of Ancona in the Kingdom of Italy Civil Engineer
do hereby declare the nature of the said' invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
APPARATUS FOR STOPPING OR CLOSING THE MOUTHS OR ORIFICES OF HOLLOW
"
VESSELS, CONDUITS AND PIPES to be as follows:-
My invention relates to improvements in apparatus for stopping or closing air,
steam, gas and water tight the mouths or orifices of bottles and other hollow
vessels or receptacles, conduits, pipes and tubes of glass, porcelain or metal and the
invention consists in providing a seating formed of D shaped or more or less
cylindrical shaped cords of elastic material (single or united or not by a web) so as
to present a more or less cylindrical contact surface in combination (when no
automatic pressure exists) with means of fastening or fixing the stoppers or joints
by fastenings acting on curved projections or shoulders or on inclines or grooves on
the periphery of the vessel, pipe or the like or on the stoppers and with means for
fixing or retaining such fastenings by the use of bands or their equivalents whereby
but little strain is produced on the said bands, no instrument is required to undo
the fastening, all the parts can be re-used and there is no deterioration of the
вате.
Internal stoppering or closing is generally effected by pressure from within the
vessel acting on the stopper to seat the same on an elastic or other air tight seating
the said pressure being in excess of the atmospheric pressure, the clastic seating is
either on the stopper or in the mouth or orifice of the receptacles and generally
rectangular in section, the recess for the seating being around the stopper or in
the mouth or orifice of the receptacles presenting an angular seating to the rubber
pressed against the same. Now by my improvements I employ a cylindrical or
partly cylindrical seating and I may apply the same by metal tube fittings for
internal stoppering fastened in by the capsule tube fastening or corks may be
employed either with or without the hereinbefore described means for fastening
and fixing the same, the cylindrical or D shaped cord will serve to seat any internal
stopper of a spherical, acorn or other form solid or hollow or a seating may be
given to the D shaped cord, on any internal stopper heretofore in use against or
with rectangular seatings.

page_text: In the cylindrical seatings given to any internal solid or hollow stopper or to
any external stopper the stoppers press the cords or seatings into the chase and the
contents of the vessel are far less liable to be splashed or spurted than by the use
of angular rubber rings or collars and the cylindrical and rounded seating is
adaptable for decanters and all bottles or receptacles which it is desired to easily
close air tight with or without provisions for fastening and fixing the stoppers.
External stoppers may be connected with the capsule fastening or be used without
any fastening.
A D shaped or cylindrical cord may be used with a screw stopper having two or
three threads but for this purpose a specially constructed mouth is required while
in all the applications hereinbefore described only an ordinary mouth is required;
it is preferable that the inside edge of the mouth should be slightly rounded or
chamfered off to receive the elastic cord and it is of advantage for corking purposes;
corks or stoppers may be wired from the excentric peripheries with facility and
greater security than when they are wired from a rim or an annular band; the
wire or string or both being entirely removed without having to cut them leaving
no ends hanging from the bottle neck.
The peripheral shoulders around the outside of the orifices serve to wire or
string the stoppers, covers or corks in a much better and easier manner than by
wiring from the ordinary rim or ring on bottle necks.
Dated the 4th day of November 1884.
G. F. REDFERN,
4, South Street, Finsbury, London,
Agent for the Applicant.

page_text: Improvements in Apparatus for Stopping or Closing the Mouths
or Orifices of Hollow Vessels, Conduits, and Pipes.
"
I WILLIAM BUCKWELL, of Ancona, in the Kingdom of Italy, Civil Engineer,
do hereby declare the nature of the said invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
APPARATUS FOR STOPPINO FOR CLOSING THE MOUTHS OR ORIFICES OF HOLLOW
VESSELS, CONDUITS AND PIPES and in what manner the same is to be performed
to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
My invention relates to improvements in apparatus for stopping or closing air,
steam, gas and watertight the mouths or orifices of bottles and other hollow vessels
or receptacles, conduits, pipes and tubes of glass, porcelain or metal and the
invention consists in providing a seating formed of D shaped or more or less
cylindrically shaped cords of elastic material (single or united, or not by a web) so
as to present a more or less cylindrical contact surface in combination (when no
automatic pressure exists) with means of fastening or fixing the stoppers by
fastenings acting on curved projections or shoulders or on inclines or grooves on
the periphery of the vessel, pipe or the like or on the stoppers and with means for
fixing or retaining such fastenings by the use of bands or their equivalents,
whereby but little strain is produced on the said bands, no instrument is required
to undo the fastening, all the parts can be re-used and there is no deterioration of
the same.
Internal stoppering or closing is generally effected by pressure from within the
vessel acting on the stopper to seat the same on an elastic or other air tight seating
the said pressure being in excess of the atmospheric pressure; the elastic seating is
either on the stopper or in the mouth or orifice of the receptacles and generally
rectangular in section, the recess for the seating being around the stopper or in the
mouth or orifice of the receptacles, presenting an angular seating to the rubber
pressed against the same. Now by my improvements I employ a cylindrical or
partly cylindrical seating and I may apply the same by metal tube fittings for
internal stoppering fastened in by the capsule tube fastening, or corks may be
employed either with or without the hereinbefore described means for fastening
and fixing the same; the cylindrical or D shaped cord will serve to seat any
internal stopper of a spherical, acorn or other form, either solid or hollow or a
seating may be given to the D shaped cord, on any internal stopper heretofort in
use against or with rectangular seatings.
In the cylindrical seatings given to any internal solid or hollow stopper or to any
external stopper the stoppers press the cords or seatings into the chase and the
contents of the vessel are far less liable to be splashed or spurted than by the use
of angular rubber rings or collars and the cylindrical and rounded seating is
adaptable for decanters and all bottles or receptacles which it is desired to easily
close air tight with or without provisions for fastening and fixing the stoppers.
External stoppers may be connected with the capsule fastening or be used without
any fastening.
A D shaped or cylindrical cord may be used with a screw stopper having two or
thren threads hat for this DUPDOSA ↑ «Decially constructed mouth is required while

page_text: in all the applications to stoppers hereinbefore described only an ordinary mouth is
required it is preferable that the inside edge of the mouth should be slightly
rounded or chamfered off to receive the elastic cord and it is of advantage for
corking purposes; corks or stoppers may be wired from the eccentric peripheries
with facility and greater security that when they are wired from a rim or an
annular band, the wire or string or both being entirely removed without having to
cut them, leaving no ends hanging from the bottle neck.
The peripheral shoulders around the outside of the orifices serve to wire or string
the stoppers, covers or corks in a much better and easier manner than by wiring
from the ordinary rim or ring on bottle necks.
In order to enable my invention to be fully understood I will describe the same
by reference to the accompanying drawings the several figures of which represent
various stoppers and seatings for closing hollow vessels, conduits and pipes according
to my invention. Similar letters in all the figures represent similar or corresponding
parts.
Figure 1, sheet 1 is an elevation partly in section and figure 2, sheet 1, a plan of
a bottle stopper provided with a cylindrical seating a, of elastic material according
to my invention the seating being placed in a groove ima cap or stopper b, of metal
or other suitable material; the top of the said cap or stopper is inclined from the
outside edge towards the centre as shewn to receive the upper ends of the metal
clips or fastenings c, which are bent at an angle so as to pass over the same and be
retained thereby; the lower ends of the clips c, are also bent at an angle so as to
take into a peripheral groove d, in the neck A of the bottle; two of the said clips c,
are shewn in the drawing but three or other suitable number can be employed.
To apply a stopper of this construction to the mouth A of a bottle the cap is
first placed in position in the mouth and a slight downward pressure is applied
thereto; the ends of the clips c, can then be passed over the inclined top of the
cap b, and into the groove d, in the bottle neck respectively and the stopper will be
securely fastened.
Figures 3 and 4 sheet 1, are similar views to figures 1 and 2 with the exception
that a double seating a is employed consisting of a cylindrical and a D shaped
piece of elastic material connected by a web or band and the top of the cap or
stopper b, is not inclined; the upper ends of the clips c, are therefore again bent at
an angle downwards at e, so as to take into a recess f, in the top of the cap b, and
thereby retain the clip in position; the bottom end of the clip is shewn taking
under a shoulder upon the mouth A of the bottle instead of in a groove therein.
Figures 5 and 6, sheet 1 are an elevation partly in section and a plan respectively
of a bottle stopper similar to that shewn in figures 3 and 4, except that the seating a,
(formed of two D shaped pieces of elastic material connected by a web) is applied
to grooves on the outside periphery of the mouth of the bottle instead of in the
cap or stopper b, which is formed on the top with projections g, into the depressions
between which the upper ends of the clips or fastenings c, can be moved in order to
unfasten the stopper; the said upper ends of the clips c, when the stopper is
applied, are slid or pushed up the inclines on to the projections g, so as to draw the
stopper down firmly upon its seat; the lower ends of the clips take into grooves d,
as in figure 1.
Figures 7 and 8, sheet 1, represent similar views of a bottle stopper to figures 3
and 4, except that the seating a, is placed upon the upper part of the stopper b,
instead of upon the lower part so that it operates to form a tight joint on the top
of the mouth A of the bottle instead of in the interior thereof; further the lower
ends of the clip c, take into grooves d, instead of under a shoulder in the
bottle neck.
Figures 9 and 10 and figures 11 and 12, sheet 1, represent elevations partly in
section and plans respectively of a bottle stopper provided with my improved
seatings and in which the fastening c, consists of a single strip of metal curved to
suit the curved shape of the top of the cap or stopper b, as shewn and having its
ends bent at right angles and working pivotwise in holes or depressions in the

page_text: bottle neck A; the stopper is fastened by forcing the fastener c, over the curved
top of the stopper b, which curve is eccentric to the pivot holes of the fastener.
In the bottle stopper illustrated in elevation partly in section and in plan at
figures 13 and 14, sheet 1, respectively, the fastening of the stopper is effected by
means of a pivot or pin h, passing transversely through the top of the cap or
stopper b, and having at each of its projecting ends a clip c, pivotted or hinged
thereto; the lower end of the clip c, (which is bent at an angle in a similar manner
to that hereinbefore described when referring to figures 1 to 8) is passed under the
curved projections or shoulders g, on the neck of the bottle, whereby the stopper
can be drawn down tightly over the mouth of the bottle; the clips c, are shewn
provided with downward extensions c³, over which a band or wire can be passed so
as to securely fix the clips o, in position and prevent them becoming accidentally
removed.
"
The bottle stopper illustrated in elevation partly in section and in plan at
figures 15 and 16, sheet 1, respectively, is similar to that last hereinbefore described
and represented in figures 13 and 14, except that the upper ends of the clips c,
instead of being pivotted or hinged to the stopper are arranged to rest in grooves
or chases, in the top of the cap or stopper b.
Figures 17, 18, 19 and 20, Sheet 1, represent elevations partly in section of
bottle stoppers, in which the cap or stopper b, is drawn down over the mouth A
of the bottle by curved projections or shoulders g, in a similar manner to that
described when referring to figures 13 to 16, but shewing the clips c, attached to
the cap or stopper 6, in various ways; in figure 17 one of the clips c, is shown
with its upper end bent at a right angle as shown at h, and passing through and
turning in a hole formed in the top of the cap or stopper b, the other clip c, being
received by the projecting end of the part h, which forms a pivot or hinge
therefor.
Figure 18 shews each of the clips c, pivotted or hinged to separate pivots or
pins h; figure 19 shews the pivot or pin h, hinged at j, to one of the clips o,
which clip is provided with a downward extension c, similar to that hereinbefore
described and shewn in figure 13 (for receiving a band or wire) but formed with a
projection k, taking into a corresponding depression in the bottle neck; the band
or wire can serve to permanently bold the jointed clip c, on the bottle and when it
is required to remove the cap or stopper b, the opposite clip c, which is pivotted to
the pin or pivot h, (as in figures 17 and 18) is removed from the curved projection g,
and the cap or stopper 6, can then be turned back on the hinge j, and will not be
liable to become lost; the pin h, also acts as a lever having its fulcrum at j, by
which the stopper can be pressed down when closing the bottle. If required the
hinge can be provided with a spring whereby the stopper b, will be automatically
pressed back out of the mouth of the bottle when the stopper is unfastened; tho
arrangement shewn in figure 20, is substantially the same as that shewn in
figure 19 except that the jointed clip c, is formed in two parts the upper of which
receives pivotwise the end of the pin or pivot h, formed by bending the opposite
clip c, at a right angle in a similar manner to that shewn in figure 17.
Figure 21, sheet 2, is a section shewing the manner in which the arrangement of
bottle stopper illustrated in figure 1, is adapted for use with a wide mouthed
vessel or jar; the seating is placed over the outside of the mouth A of the vessel in
a similar manner to that herein before described when referring to the bottle
stopper shewn in figure 5; the stopper is provided (or not) with inclines on its top
and is fastened by means of clips similar to those shewn in figure 1, which clips in
a like manner to that described when referring to the said figure, take into
circumferential grooves in the jar or other vessel; 1, 2, represent notches which
I sometimes form in the cap or stopper b, corresponding notches being formed in
the bottom of the vessel to allow of the stopper being secured by means of strings
held in the said notches; figures 23 and 24, sheet 2, are an elevation half in section
and a plan respectively shewing a vessel provided with a stopper of this description
but without the notches &

page_text: Figure 22, sheet 2, shews in cross section a stopper for a wide mouthed vessel
constructed to be fastened by means of clips operating in a similar manner to those
shewn in figures 3 and 4.
Figures 25 27 and 29 sheet 2 are elevations half in section and figures 26, 28
and 30, sheet 2, are corresponding plans shewing stoppers for wide mouthed
vessels similar in construction to the stoppers shewn in figure 18 and which by
reference to the description of the said figure 18 will be well understood; m, m,
represent the cords or strings placed in the grooves l.
Figures 31 and 32, sheet 2, represent sections of the two parts of a stopper
consisting of a disc b, figure 32 forming the lower part of the stopper and provided
with my improved seating a; the stopper is fastened by cord or wire passed into
notches , in the upper part b¹ figure 31 of the stopper and in the bottom of the
vessel as hereinbefore described.
Figure 33, sheet 2, is a section of part of a conduit or tube shewing my
improvements applied thereto and figure 34, sheet 2, is a plan of the same; a, is
the seating consisting of two, semi-cylindrical or D shaped pieces of elastic material
connected by a web as hereinbefore described; b, is the cover formed with an
inclined outer edge similarly to the bottle stopper shewn in figure 1; the upper
edge of the conduit or pipe A is formed with a rim or flange g, having a
corresponding incline in the opposite direction; c, are the clips or clamps formed in
segments as shewn in figure 34, and inclined on the periphery as shewn in
figure 33; at the junction of the said segments the clips or clamps c, are formed
with spaced holes adapted to receive screw dog bolts of which ono is shewn at n;
the hooked ends of which bolts bear upon the top edge of an outer ring o, the
interior of which is inclined so as to correspond with the peripheral incline of the
clips or clamps c; p, is one of the nuts for tightening up the bolts n.
To make use of a cover or stopper of this construction the cap or cover b, is first
placed in position in the mouth of the conduit or tube A; the segments forming
the clips or clamps c, are then placed over the edges of the cover b and flange g,
and the outer ring o, is placed over the clips or clamps c; the bolts n, are then
passed down into the holes between the segments of the clips or clamps with their
hooks resting on the upper edge of the ring o; by then screwing up the nuts p, the
ring o will be drawn down tightly over the clips or clamps c, which by their
inclined periphery being acted upon by the inclined internal surface of the ring o,
will be forced inwards and will press the cover b, down tightly into the mouth of
the conduit or tube A.
Figure 35, sheet 2, is a section and figure 36, sheet 2, a plan shewing my
improved seating which is here shewn of a semi-cylindrical or D shape applied
to the usual groove in the mouth of a bottle stoppered with an internal stopper.
Figure 37 is a section shewing the manner in which an external stopper provided
with my improvements can be applied to an internally stoppered bottle with my
improved seating; the seating a, in the ordinary groove in the interior of the
mouth A of the bottle, is of semi-cylindrical or D shape to receive an ordinary
spherical glass-stopper B and the external cap or stopper is fastened in a similar
manner to that herein before described and illustrated in figures 15 and 16.
Figures 38 and 39, sheet 2, are elevations half in section shewing my
improvements adapted for stoppering bottles with internal stoppers, the bottle
mouth being provided with metal capsules for holding the seating therein. In
figure 38 the seating a which consists of a cylindrical and a semi-cylindrical or
D shaped piece of elastic material connected by a web, is placed on a flanged metal
tube b; over the flanges q, I place a tubular capsule b¹, adapted to receive a
cover b³, provided with clips c¹, catching under shoulders or projections g, on the
capsule 6, as hereinafter described which capsule is also provided with clips c,
having their lower ends similar and operating in a like manner to the clips c
herein before described and-shewn in figures 1 to 8, 13 to 16 and 17 to 20;
B represents the internal stopper (which may be of any suitable shape) bearing
against the lower or D shaped part of the seating a
"

page_text: Figure 39 shews a stopper similar in construction to that shewn in figure 38
except that the pieces of elastic material forming the seating instead of being
connected by a web are separate, one part being placed on the tube b, to make a
tight joint between the latter and the mouth A of the bottle, and the other part
being placed in a groove in the internal stopper B, and the tube b, is slightly
modified in shape as shown to receive the same; figure 40, sheet 2 is a plan of the
underside of the cover 62, shewn in figures 38 and 39; to apply this cover b²
it is placed over the tube b¹, the clips c¹, passing between the shoulders or
projections g, thereon and by then partially rotating the cover b³, tho clips c¹ will
be brought under the said shoulders or projections g.
Figure 41, sheet 2, is an elevation partly in section shewing a bottle stoppered
with a simple capsule b, having a cylindrical seating a, and provided with clips c,
taking under the shoulders or projections g.
Figure 42, sheet 2, is a section shewing the manner in which a bottle provided
with an ordinary internal groove in the mouth A thereof and provided with my
improved seating can be stoppered by an external cap or stopper constructed
according to my invention and which will be understood without further
description.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim is
1. The use for the purpose of stopping or closing the mouths or orifices of bottles
and other hollow vessels, conduits, pipes and the like, of seatings formed of
D shaped or more or less cylindrically shaped pieces of elastic material substantially
as hereinbefore described.
2. The combination with seatings formed as herein described, of the various
arrangements for applying the same for stoppering bottles and other vessels,
conduits, and tubes, the stoppers being fastened by means of fastenings acting on
curved projections or shoulders or on inclines or in grooves on the periphery of the
vessel, pipe or the like or on the stoppers substantially as herein before described
and represented in the various figures of the accompanying drawings.
3. The improved stoppers and seatings for bottles and other vessels, conduits
and pipes substantially as hereinbefore described and represented in the various
figures of the accompanying drawings.