Improvements in Lead Tanks and Ventilating them.
Year: 1888

page_text: Date of Application, 1st Nov., 1888
Complete Specification Left, 31st July, 1889-Accepted, 1st Nov., 1889
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Lead Tanks and Ventilating them.
I PHILIP JOHN DAVIES of 78 Earls Court Road Kensington in the County of
Middlesex Hydraulic Engineer and Professional Lead Burner do hereby declare the
nature of this invention to be as follows:-
This invention partially relates to Lead Tanks of largo dimensions such as sulphate
of Ammonia evaporating Tanks &c. and particularly those built below ground for
storage of Turpentine Parifine or the like, such tanks are sometimes made with Brick
or Concrete walls generally cemented over and at other times with wood or iron
materials, these tanks are then lined with lead, and then sometimes covered or arched
over with concrete &c. with suitable man hole openings. When such tanks are built
and particularly if arched over the lead sides and the walls of the tanks are practically
speaking air tight, and all chemicals or gases detrimental to the Lead that may be in
the concrete or cement &c. are held between the lead and the walls, and the con-
sequence is that in a short time the lead becomes corroded and the lead rendered
useless for tanks storage purposes.
To obviate this evil I generally board the tanks with boards having a quantity of
groves, holes, beads or other air passages constructed in such a manner that free ven-
tilation can be got between the walls of the tank and the lead work, and I sometimes
employ a cowl or cowls to propel fresh air thereto or to draw the air from between
the walls and lead sides of such tanks and in a similar manner to the method I
practice in ordinary House drainage ventilation.
Such tanks are necessarily some times very large and requires stays for supporting
the lead to the walls. The plan usually adopted is to simply nail the lead to a suitable
block in the wall and burn or solder a patch over the head of the nail. This nailing
is objectionable owing to the iron head of the nail being in contact with the lead
the result is that in a short time a hole is to be seen eaten or corroded through
the lead.
To obviate this evil I make use of a stay partially made of a none corrodable
material when in contact with lead as follows; by preference I use a screw or bolt
and nut with a suitable disc plate or washer to form a large holding surface; between
the lead and this plate or washer I fix a piece of non corrodable material such as
Asbestos felt or the like, and screw or otherwise fix the disc, plate or washer to a
suitable tightness in order to bold the lead in its place; but for tanks required for
hot liquors such as Cotton oil refining tanks, sulphate of Ammonia evaporating tanks
and the like the screw is left slackish to allow the lead to expand or contract.
On the top part of this disc plate or washer I fix another piece of the non corrodablo
material to keep the cap or patch of lead away from the head of the nail-screw and
washer, then I place the cap over the lot and burn or otherwise fix it there and so
make a stay which cannot injure the lead in any way. The before mentioned cap I
prefer to cast in a suitable mould specially constructed for the purpose.
Dated 1st November 1888
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Lead Tanks and Ventilating them.
1 PHILIP JOHN DAVIES of 78 Earls Court Road, Kensington in the County of
Middlesex Hydraulic Engineer and Professional Lead Burner, do hereby declare the
Price 8d.1

page_text: nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
This invention partially relates to Lead Tanks of large dimensions such as sulphate
of ammonia evaporating tanks &c. and particularly those built below ground for
storage of Turpentine Parrafin or the like. Such tanks are sometimes made with
brick or concrete walls generally cemented over and at other times with wood or iron
materials. These tanks are then lined with lead, and then sometimes covered or arched
over with concrete &c. with suitable manhole openings. When such tanks are built
and particularly if arched over the lead sides and the walls of the tanks are practically
speaking air tight, and all chemicals or gases detrimental to the lead that may be in
the concrete or cement &c. are held between the lead and the walls, and the con-
sequence is that in a short time the lead becomes corroded and the lead rendered
useless for tanks storage purposes.
To obviate this evil I generally board the tanks with boards having a quantity of
groves, holes, beads or other air passages constructed in such a manner that free ven-
tilation can be got between the walls of the tank and the lead work, and I sometimes
employ a cowl or cowls (or their equivalents) to propel fresh air thereto or to draw
the air from between the walls and lead sides of such tanks and in a similar manner
to the method I practice in ordinary House Drainage Ventilation.
Such Tanks are necessarily sometimes very large and requires stays for supporting
the lead to the walls. The plan usually adopted is to simply nail the lead to a suitable
block in the wall and burn or solder a patch over the head of the nail. This nailing
is objectionable owing to the iron head of the nail being in contact with the lead.
The result is that in a short time a hole is to be seen eaten or corroded through the
lead. To obviate this evil I make use of a stay partially made of a non corrodible
material when in contact with lead as follows; by preference I use a screw or bolt
and nut with a suitable disc, plate or washer to form a large holding surface between
the lead and this disc plate or washer I fix a piece of non-corrodible material such as
Asbestos felt or the like, and screw or otherwise fix the disc, plate or washer to a
suitable tightness in order to hold the lead in its place; but for tanks required for
hot liquors such as cotton oil refining tanks, sulphate of Ammonia evaporating tanks
and the like the screw is left slackish to allow the lead to expand or contract.
On the top part of this dise plate or washer I fix another piece of the non corrodible
material to keep the cap or patch of lead away from the head of the nail screw and
washer, then I place the cap over the lot and burn or otherwise fix it there and so
make a stay which cannot injure the lead in any way. The before mentioned cap I
prefer to cast in a suitable mould specially constructed for the purpose.
By reference to fig. 1 sheet 1 the stay for tanks under ground can be examined.
A the nail screw, Bolt or the equivalent thereof B the washor or plato D the Lead in
this case preferably made from sheet lead and stamped up after which it is filled up
with lead, or the head and filling up can be cast in one mould.
Fig. 2. illustrates the stay made with Cast lead Cap E, and a bolt and nut for the
holding purposes C the lead required to be held to the woodwork &c. F.
Fig. 3 shows the method of ventilating tanks underground the air passages are
shown at Air Passages.
The Stays are also seen at Stays.
Fig. 4 shows the same in plan and shows the air passages at air holes.
Having described the method of forming stays and ventilating Tanks and my
invention
I claim firstly the general construction of the stays substantially as described and
shown and for the purpose specified whether cast solid or put together in parts as
shown at Fig. 1 or anything approaching the same having the solid head attached to
flange D.

page_text: Secondly. Ventilating Underground tanks with air so as to prevent the decay of
lead substantially as described and illustrated in figs. 3 and 4 of the drawings.
Thirdly. Ventilation of underground Tanks with shafts coils or their equivalent, to
prevent the decay of the lead of which such tanks are lined.
Fourthly the Ventilating Tank assisted with a fan, pump &c. to force or draw air
through channels or groves or their equivalents substantially as described and for the
purposes specified.
PHILIP JOHN DAVIES.