IMPROVEMENTS UPON AND IN CONNEXION WITH MY FORMER PATENTS, 'AND IN THE MANUFACTURE OF FUEL AND WORKING STEAM ENGINES MORE ECONOMICALLY
Year: 1859

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to George Bell Galloway, of Newcastle-on-Tyne, in
the County of Northumberland, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS
UPON AND IN CONNEXION WITH MY FORMER PATENTS, 'AND IN THE MANUFACTURE
OF FUEL AND WORKING STEAM ENGINES MORE ECONOMICALLY."
Sealed the 10th June 1859, and dated the 15th March 1859.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said George Bell Galloway at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
15th March 1859.
I, GEORGE BELL GALLOWAY, of Newcastle-on-Tyne, in the County of
Northumberland, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS UPON AND IN CONNECTION WITH MY FORMER PATENTS, AND IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF FUEL, AND WORKING STEAM ENGINES MORE ECONOMICALLY," to be
as follows:-
My Invention consists in affixing two narrow wheels upon each side of the
vessel, which I shall denominate a locomotive steam ship. The position
of these wheels may be at or within the midship section of measurement,
say, one-third of the length of the vessel; the paddles attached to the wheels
may either revolve by a reciprocating motion or be affixed at suitable angles,
and in steamers used on rivers and for towing vessels, 1 affix the paddles at a
suitable angle to turn the water off the sides of the steamer and bow of the
ship when towing.
The dimensions of vessels intended to be constructed (on the locomotive prin-
ciple)maybe as one-sixth of the breadth to one-tenth of the length and one-tenth

page_text: of their depth (say thus), 300 feet length, 50 feet breadth, and 30 feet depth
from the promenade deck to the keelsons or bottom of theship. These vessels
may be built or constructed with what I term Tangle iron, to which the plates
(if made of iron) may be fastened or secured both in the horizontal and vertical
sections. Theangle irons will form a frame, and thus impartadditional strength,
and I also combine the beams-of vessels under the decks, fore and aft, to
each other by bolt or angle iron; the vessels may be flat at the bottom in the
midship section, say one-third of the length, and be constructed with three
keelsons inside and out (which may be hollow). The engines may be upon
the locomotive principle placed horizontally and affixed by proper framing to
the boilers and connected with each other in any convenient manner, or by a
piston rod passing through, what is termed the bottom of the cylinder, by
which a connection with the engines working the other wheels may be affected,
or they may be constructed upon the vertical principle (and condensing if
preferred) by a direct action, which may be produced by a connecting rod
affixed to the side rods on each side of the cylinder, which side rods may
work within any suitable frame connected with and attached thereto. This
will givea direct action, and obviate the necessity of either oscillating cylinders
levers, or beams; I may also condense the worked of steam by passing the pipes
through the vessel's bottom or sides near the paddle wheels, or through the
water canal I have before described in my Patent, dated the Thirty-first of
October, One thousand eight hundred and fifty-seven, as I may use the principle
of compressed water or air for propelling and steering in connection with the
locomotive principle, or I may direct the waste steam into what I shall
denominate a receiver,and through which I pass cold water in pipes to produce
sufficient cooling surface for its condensation. This being effected, I supply
the water to the boilers through feet pipes passing underneath the furnaces;
may also apply the paddle wheels, as previously referred to, as a means for
propelling life-boats and other vessels, instead of oars, by manual labor and
mechanical means, or by a rope or band passing over pullies or sheaves affixed
on the paddle shafts or by compressed water or air,and as a means of hoisting
life-boats and ship's boats,I may apply the principle of a hoisting and lowering
winch placed within the centre part of the boat or vessel in which case eacli
lowering rope, after passing through leading blocks, is caused to pass round
one of the rollers, and by this appliance the men in the boats can hoist as well
as lower themselves with the boat, as may be required.
I
In the manufacture of fuel, I propose using the quality of coal known in
my native town as duff, together with the refuse of other combustible
materials and manganese, rosin, and pitch; these substances I mix in a dry

page_text: state, and by the application of heat or a chemical solution, I combine the
particles and form a fuel, as required, and in order to work steam at an
increased temperature to greater advantage, I may affix a fire or flame at or
near the most convenient part of the steam feed pipes connected with the
cylinder, and over or through which I cause this pipe to pass, and as a mean
to overcome the friction of the piston, and waste of packing, &c., I may force
a jet of atmospheric air into the cylinder, both in the up and down stroke,
through a connecting pipe, which I may affix to the air and water receiver
I have described in my Patent herein-before referred to, or by atmospheric air
specially compressed for this purpose.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, file'd
by the said George Bell Galloway in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
10th September 1859.
I
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, GEORGE
BELL GALLOWAY, of Newcastle-on-Tyne, in the County of Northumberland,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Fifteenth day of March, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-nine, in the twenty-second year of
Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
said George BellGalloway, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at
any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times
thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make,
use, exercise, and vend, within the United, Kingdom of Great Britain and
Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVE
MENTS UPON AND IN CONNECTION WITH MY FORMER PATENTS, AND IN THE MANUFAC
TURE OF FUEL AND WORKING STEAM ENGINES MORE ECONOMICALLY," upon the
condition(amongst others) that I, the said George Bell Galloway, my executors
or-administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of
their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature
of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and
cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent....

page_text: NOW KNOW YE that I, the said George Bell Galloway, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the fol-
lowing statement :-
My Invention consists in affixing two narrow wheels upon each side of
a vessel, which I shall denominate a locomotive steam ship. The position of
these wheels may be at or within the midship section of measurement, say,
one-third of the length of the vessel, as shewn in the accompanying Sheet of
illustrative Drawings at Figure 1. The paddles attached to the wheels may
revolve by a reciprocating ir.otion.
I
The reciprocating motion may be produced by suitable connexions as a
means of feathering or angling each float or paddle during the revolving of
the wheel, which wheel "may be of greater diameter than those at present in
use, and thus by their position and connexion be the means, to a great extent,
of steadying the vessel at sea. Or I may affix the paddles to suitable angles,
and vary their depth or immersion by a centre.bolt, which may be moved
through a cross bar affixed to the arms of the wheel, and be secured by a
nut or screw, both at the upper and under side of the bar, the object being (by
any plan which may be adopted) to prevent vibration and waste of power.
And in steamers used on rivers, and also those employed for towing purposes,
may affix the paddles at suitable angles to turn the water off their sides and
bow of the ship while towing. The dimensions of vessels intended to be
constructed on the locomotivo principle may be as one-sixth of the breadth
to one-tenth of the length and one-tenth of their depth (say thus), three
hundred feet length, fifty feet breadth, and thirty foet depth, from the prome-
nade deck to the keelsons or bottom of the ship, or proportions equal
thereto, and their forward part may resemble above the water line what is
understood by a flam-bowed built vessel. I also propose to adopt a similar
plan and proportionate dimensions for river passenger steamers, and may alter
or construct their cabins, and place them upon their decks,mbracing suitable
divisions to suit the class of passengers. The length of compartments may be
equal to three-fourths the longth of the vessel, and in the fore part formed
like <; places for refreshment may be fitted up as required, and seats may be
placed around the outside of the deck cabins or saloons, so that passengers
will sit more comfortable, having a support to the back, and observe passing
objects, and steamers now in use may be altered to this plan by lowering
their decks (where required, nearer the bottom of the vessel.
The fittings of vessels intended for sea service may embrace suitable
arrangements between the paddle wheels or boxes on the main deck for

page_text: horses, cattle, poultry, and also butchers' shops, so that all nuisance, &c.,
be kept from the vessel's deck; the space in this described arrangement, which
may be appropriated for horses or cows, may be made to open as a bulwark
when the vessel is in port, and the coals, goods, &c., be thus more easily
shipped or discharged.
These vessels may be constructed with fireproof compartments, and have
three decks, and also suitable dining and sleeping compartments, fitted up to
suit the class of passengers as required, and be all throughout properly
ventilated by forcing air through pipes having perforated holes, which pipes
may be affixed to the beams, &c., so as that a current of pure air may be
supplied, and the foul or vitiated air may be allowed to escape or be driven off.
The best cabins may be divided into a sitting as well as a sleeping compart-
ment, and short passage ways may connect them with the saloons. The vessels
may be supplied with a sufficient number of boats in connection with the
ordinary boats in proportion to tonnage, constructed of metallic substance
and flat at the bottom; these boats may fit or stow within each other, and
only require to be lifted and fitted with the seats and by appliances which
may be connected therewith, in order to render them effective to save all the
passengers in case of emergency. The vessel may be built or constructed
with what I term angle irons, to which the plates, if made of iron, may be
fastened or secured in the horizontal and vertical sections, the angle iron will
form a frame, and thus impart alditional strength.
1
The angle iron may be made to forms, see Drawing No. 7 to 11, which
will be the end view, and in some cases ordinary angle iron may be joined to
produce similar forms, and the angle iron may be also curved to suit positions.
The iron for the horizontal section may be specially prepared at the end with
a lap or short bend, to secure it to the vertical section or frame, or flat iron
may be used as between the vertical frames, and the plates of the vessel (if
made of iron) may be affixed to the frame thus constructed, and (if preferred)
may
obviate the necessity of overlapping joints by having the plates made
with true edges or partial lap (yet not any overlap), and the plates may be
secured by rivets at about, say, two inches from the edge of each plate (the
plates may be of prepared steel or combined metals, and 1 may apply a suitable
solution to the edges of the plates, and between the frames and fastenings to
preserve the metal and prevent leakage; 1 may also apply the principle
of construction to bouts, boilers, and tanks. I also combine the beams of
vessels under the decks, fore and aft, to each other by bolts or augle iron, and
in some cases I may apply the iron for beans of ships.
The steam vessels inay be flat at the bottom, or only in the midship section

page_text: of measurement, say, one-third the length, and, be constructed with three
keelsons inside and out, which may be hollow; the main keelsons may be
the length of the bottom of the vessel and the other two keelsons,-one placed
on each side in the midship section, and be affixed thereto; the use of the
inside keelsons will be for the affixing of boilers and engines thereto, and
those at the bottom of the vessel, the fore part may be formed like a wedge
form of entrance, and at the after part there may be affixed a helm or rudder,
having a communication with the deck to assist in steering and reversing in
cases where the water and air pipes. &c., are not used in combination with
the paddle wheels.
The engines may be upon the locomotive principle, placed horizontally and
affixed by proper framing to the boilers, and connected to each other in any
convenient manner, or by a piston rod passing through what is termed the
bottom of the cylinder, by which a connexion with the engine working the
other wheels may be effected, or they may be constructed upon the vertical
principle, and condensing (if preferred) by a direct action, which may be
produced by a connecting rod affixed to the side rods working at each side of
the cylinder, which side rods may work within any suitable frame connected
with and affixed thereto; this plan will give a direct action, and obviate the
necessity of either oscellating cylinders, levers, or beams. The cylinders may
be felled or made with an outer casing to receive the worked-off steam before
it has passed to the condenser, and they may be affixed horizontally, either
upon the top or by the sides of the boiler, so as to obtain the advantages of a
long stroke, and the vertical position of cylinders and condensers (where
preferred) may be as between suitable lengths of the paddle shaft; the side
rods are affixed to the cross head, to which the piston rod is affixed by a
direct or by an angularconnexion. The condensers may be placed between the
cylinders or where only one cylinder is required, the condenser may stand at
the opposite side of it to the steam (slide) chest,and be worked by an angular
connexion by the piston rod and cross head, the object being toeconomisespace,
&c. I may also condense the worked-off steam by passing the exhaust pipes
through the vessel's bottom or sides near the paddle wheels, or through the
water canal 1 have described in my Patent dated October Thirty-first, One
thousand eight hundred and fifty-seven,No.2765, as I may insome cases use the
principle of compressed water or air for propelling and steering in connection
with the locomotive principle, or I may direct the waste or exhaust steam into
what I shall denominate a receiver, through which I pass cold water in pipes
to produce sufhcient cooling surface for its condensation. I may also supply
water through feed pipes passing underneath the furnaces or by the sides of

page_text: the fires, and I may also force atmospheric air through feed pipes into boilers.
The pipes referred to may be either (thin) metallic or made of a flexable
material, and fitted with union joints to the receiver, or the condensation
may be produced by divided water spaces, and the water supplied or forced
through the pipes or spaces. by pumps, &c.
And referring to my Patent dated October Thirty-first, One thousand eight
hundred and fifty-seven, No. 2765, I may affix an appliance to merchant
ships (as a means of giving them more steering power of a similar nature to
that which I have herein-before described, or fitted at each side of the vessel
or keelson, and worked from the deck, and also affix their square sails both at
the top and bottom to the yards by means of hoops or rings to which the sail
can be attached and freed from as required by a loop or lashing connected
with the sail. This appliance is to enable the men to work the sails from the.
vessel's deck by suitable running gear attached to the peak and also to the
top of the sail, and the sails may be also stowed to the mast by a suitable
lashing rope working as a downhaul, and in the event of vessels becoming
damaged at the bottom parts, I may list or raise them by atmospheric air
compressed in tubes or bags which may be secured by chains and appliances
to the hull of the vessel (by the aid of a diver, who I may supply with a lamp,
which I cause to burn under water by a supply air tube through its bottom
communicating with the flame, and by another tube affixed to the top 'the
heated air can escape, and when the appliances connected with the bags or
tubes are secured, I fill them with air by pumps to produce the required
buoyancy, and thus raise or float the vessel. The lamp described may also be
applied for other purposes, and in respect to the hollow flat tubes I have also
described in that Patent, I propose in some cases to manufacture them of
tempered steel or other metal, and to affix within them or in connexion
therewithpowerful metallic springs,and fill the tubularspaces with compressed
air, and I may also affix similar appliances between the timbers and also to
the inside parts of vessels, securing them to the ceiling plauks by bolts or
other suitable fastenings, and in respect to the air pump described in that
Patent, I may use it as an engine by applying heated air to the bottom side of.
the piston as power for the upward stroke, through or by a modification of the
valves and connexions, and the downward stroke, may be produced by the.
pressure of the atmosphere... The air to supply the motive power may be
collected by its natural pressure into a receiver or receivers, and therein be
compressed by a moveable valve or cover under weights or lever pressure, as
required; the feed pipe or pipes supplying the air to the engine,!I pass overa
flame or through a fire, and I may also apply this principle of producing power

page_text: to ordinary steam engines, in which case I lubricate the piston with water
through connexions I shall describe more fully in this Patent, and in some
cases I may apply water in combination or water alone by similar plans and
appliances as a means to produce motive power,and in respect to the propeller
I have denominated a fish fin, which is broadest at or near the boss, and in
some cases slightly curved and swelled thereat; I may in some cases construct
them of tempered steel with a sharp cutting edge,and continue the following
edge to a point, which is a form I produced years ago and shewn at Figure 3,
Figures 4 and 5 shew in dotted lines modifications of the said figures, those
in Figure 4 shewing one form of my fish fin propeller, and those in Figure 5
another formapproximating thereto. I may affix as many propellers as required
one behind the other upon a shaft, which may be affixed to work below the
bottom of a vessel between the keel and keelsons I have herein-before described,
and drive the shaft by a crank motion made in an angular form like a propeller
or by wheels affixed to the shaft, having arms at angles to aid propulsion
and reversion as required; or Imay affix a propeller embracing the mechanical
action of a fish tail in a reversed position between the keelsons, and work it
by connecting rods moved by a crank or eccentric motion passing through
suitable stuffing boxes in tubes through the bottom of the vessel.
part of
And in respect to boiler flues and furnaces, I may continue the centre flue
or tube (as communicating with the coke furnace) towards the back
the boiler, or by two or more divided tubes or small circular tubes; and I
may
divide the flames in flues or.tubes,as shewn at Figures 12 to 16, such divisions
being in a line with the centre part horizontally, and of such lengths as
required and fitted, or cast with an eye or square part at one end, in order
that by a lever or key they may be turned round within the flues or tubes as a
means also of scraping and cleaning them, and where the hollow fire door
frames and bridges are not used, I may force jets of heated air upon the fires
and at the back of the ordinary bridges, and into the flame and smoke-boxes
and the uptake. The air for the fibres or ventilating purposes may be produced
by what I shall term a double fan blast, which is of the ordinary form, except
that two are connected. The air may be received from the deck. by a proper
pipeaffixed thereto, and communicating as a feed pipe to the blast. The first
fan receives or collects the air; it is drawn thereby into the other blast, which
receives and drives it out at a greater pressure, thus by this appliance stoke
holes and engine rooms may be thoroughly ventilated through pipes having
larger orifices and affixed to the beams, &c., as I have herein-before referred
to, and by which appliances the vessel may be also ventilated. I may also
apply paddle wheels, previously referred to, as a means of propelling life-boats

page_text: and other vessels instead of oars by manual labor or mechanical means, or
by an endless rope or band passing over pullies or sheaves affixed to the
paddle shafts, or by compressed air or water. These effects I produce by a
powerful spring affixed within the boat, or by compressed air or water through
pipes, or applied as motive power which may drive the wheels. The wheels
are intended to be narrow, &c., the shafts may be disconnected, and so ship
and unship, or in larger vessels all may be fixtures, and the means of pro-
pelling may be also at the bottom, as herein-before described; and I may
free boats or vessels at sea from water by affixing fore and aft through their
bottom a square tube or tubes near the keel, in which I construct a delivery
valve. This valve is affixed within the tube by a hinge similar to the lower
box of a pump, but reversed in position, and when the vessel dips or rises, the
weight of the water and air in the vessel inay open it, and the pressure under-
neath close it accordingly; and to enable men to transport life-boats across
sands, I may construct a cradle upon rollers the breadth of the boat, and the
carriage, &c., may be moved by the mechanical appliance for hoisting and
lowering I shall herein describe; and by this power, by having a kedge
anchor and line laid out at sea, the boat may be easily and safely launched
and worked off the land. I may also affix within life-boats a swivel gun for
discharging lines, to which life preservers of a tubular or oval form may
be affixed, which when received can be fastened at each end around the
body, and thus many lives may
be saved from wrecks which, under other
circumstances, could not be approached; and I may supply a garment to be
used as a pea jacket, made of water proof material, which can be inflated by
the pressure of the atmosphere when required through a valve, &c.
jacket will be secured to the wearer by fastenings around the thigh. I also
prepare a cap, made with a peak in front and a fall behind, with pieces to fit
the cars, so that by drawing it down, and placing the clastic band under the
chin, the head will be preserved from water, and 1 may supply a double-
bladed short oar as a means of propelling and giving a signal of distress.
The
And as a means of hoisting and lowering life-boats and ship's boats, I may
apply the principle of a hoisting and lowering winch placed within the centre
part of the boat or vessel, in which case such lowering rope, after passing
through leading blocks, is caused to pass round one of the rollers. This
effect I may accomplish by separate rollers affixed either vertically or hori-
zontally, and connected with wheels, or by one roller having a spur wheel
fitted on the centre part of it, which roller, together with the other motions,
may be affixed by suitable framing in or at the centre part of the boat, and
into the centre wheel another wheel placed upon a short shaft may work, and

page_text: above this wheel a driving pinion wheel may be affixed to work the whole,
and upon cach-end of the short shaft upon which it is affixed the handles can
be shipped by the men as required for the purposes of hoisting, as shewn at
Figures 2, and the lowering may be effected by a friction band round the
roller, or a brake may be affixed in any other way, so as that one man shall
have full power and controul in lowering the boat, &c. The ropes may be
made partially of tempered wire, to manufacture which the stands of
the rope must be stretched, and then the wire can be used with the strands
to form the rope, or the ropes and blocks may be of the ordinary con-
struction.
The ropes may pass through an iron thimble affixed in a thawt fore and
aft on a bar with an eye in the centre, in a sling affixed to each side of the
boat to give steadiness during lowering, &c.; the barrel of the winch may be
metallic and hollow, with a hole for the end of each rope, or if made of wood,
the holes may pass through it, and a groove made at each side of the holes for
the ends of ropes to lay in, which ends may be split or divided into two parts.
I may also use the above described or combined rope for other purposes.
In the manufacture of fuel, I propose using the quality of coal known in
my native town as duff, together with the refuse of other combustible
materials, and manganese, rosin, and pitch; these substances I mix in a dry
state, and to facilitate operations, if necessary, I'pass through rollers, and by
the application of heat or a chemical solution I combine the particles, and
form a fuel as required. The quantity of manganese, pitch, and rosin will be
varied to suit the coals, &c., and the process by which I may combine the
particles, by the application of heat, may consist in passing the mixture down
a heated pipe, or over a surface suitably heated, or by heated atmospheric air
or superheated steam in connection with moulds or frames, if its form
should be so required, and the chemical solution may consist of sulphuric,
hydrochloric, or other acid in connexion with (in some cases) gas tar, as
produced in the manufacture of gas, naptha, or rough turpentine, together
with a suitable alkaline or alkaline substances, to be applied in such quantity
for combination (as this will vary) as may be found to suit the quality of coal
&c., intended for manufacture of fuel. This may be readily ascertained by
weighing a given quantity of the coal &c. (the object being the complete
combustion of fuel and prevention of noxious vapours). I combine the
mixtures by acid in solution, and where required may form the fuel into
shapes under pressure, or by a drying process, and the whole manufacture of
grinding, mixing, and forming it into shapes, &c., may be. effected by
mechanical connections, worked by. engine power. And in order to work

page_text: steam a' an increased temperature to greater advantage, I may affix a fire or
flame at or near the most convenient part of the steam feed pipes connected
with the cylinders, and over or through which I cause this pipe to pass.
To effect this object, I may affect or suspend an iron case to the steam pipo
or near the cylinder fitted with a fire-grate and an ash-pan connected there-
with. The case or fire-box may have also an outer covering to allow a passage
of atmospheric air to surround it to keep it cooler,and there may be filled in
connection therewith a tube to carry off the sulphur, &c. From the fire the
pipes may be shielded by a piece of sheet iron,and a stop or steam valve may
be fitted within them near to the fire-case,so as to shut off the steam at any
time if required; and in some cases I may fix a steam compartment vertically
in the uptake,and connect steam pipes therewith, or cause the steam to pass
through suitable pipes-by the sides of the furnace, and also in some cases
through the boiler either above or within the water line,and cover the pipes
with an outer pipe oriron case made with orifices in order to fill up the spaces
as between the pipes with a solution composed of suitable materials to preserve
the heat of the steam on its way to the cylinder.
And as a means to overcome friction of the piston and waste of packing,
&c.,I may force a jet of atmospheric air into the cylinder. both in the up and
down stroke through a connecting pipe, which I may affix to the air and water
receiver I have described in my Patent herein-before referred to, or by
air specially compressed for that purpose, or similar applications to effect
such objects. I may produce this by forcing the air through the valves
arranged as steam ports into the cylinder, or I may affix the connection to
the steam chest, and by this plan the movement of the slide will admit the
air in connexion with the steam into the cylinder at each stroke. I may also
apply a jet of water, or distilled water and oil combined, or chemical solution,
to harden the metals, and apply this solution for engines generally. The
means for specially compressing the air, &c., consist of a pump and receiver
fitted up in any convenient part,and having such connexion with the cylinder.
as required; and I may affix an outer casing or steam receiver around or
near to steam cylinders, and draw off the steam by any suction or pumping
principle of action working in the opposite direction to the stroke of the
piston, and by this means form or produce a vacuum in the cylinder which
may utilize power, and so be a means of working steam engines more
economically.
In conclusion, I would here observe that by the combination of vapours
produced in the cylinder by the application of atmospheric air and solution

page_text: herein-before named and implied,in combination with steam, I shall thereby
evolve and produce a quality of power partaking of the nature of electricity.
Having now described the nature and object of my said Invention of
improvements upon and in connexion with my former Patents, and in the
manufacture of fuel and working steam engines more economically, together
with the manner in which the same is to be performed, I would have it
understood that I do not confineor restrict myself to the precise details herein
described and shewn by the accompanying Sheet of Drawings; but what I
claim, and desire to secure the exclusive use of, is, the various principles of
my Invention herein described in these my in part recited Letters Patent,
and for the purposes set forth.
In witness whercof, I, the said George Bell Galloway, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Tenth day of September, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-nine.
Witness,
GEO. DOWNING,
Quality Court,
Chancery Lane.
GEORGE BELL
AT.
(L.S.)