Improved Apparatus for the Vaporization of Liquids.
Year: 1890

page_text: Date of Application, 5th Dec., 1899-Accepted, 7th Feb., 1891
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improved Apparatus for the Vaporization of Liquids.
I, HERBERT JOHN ALLISON, of 52 Chancery Lane, London, in the County of
Middlesex, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of this invention (which
has been communicated to me from abroad by "The National Salt and_Chemical
Company "a corporation organized under the laws of the State of New Jersey and
having its principal office in the City, County and State of New York, United
States of America,) and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
My invention relates to apparatus designed for the voporization of saline and
other liquids, in which a current of air or gases, preferably heated, is forced in
intimate contact with a descending current of the liquid in a finely subdivided
condition, also preferably heated; whereby the air is made to absorb moisture from
the liquid, saturating itself therewith, thereby concentrating or reducing the volume
of the liquid to or near to the point of the crystallization of the contained
solids.
The air or gases for the purpose may be atmospheric or the purified products of
combustion.
The latter gases may be advantageously applied in the apparatus for the vapori-
zation of saccharine and such other liquids which are deleteriously affected by the
oxygen of the air, whilst the carbonic acid contained in the products of combustion
will act favorably in carbonating any excess of free lime the liquids may contain, or
which, in the course of manufacture, may have been introduced for clarification;
the sulphurous oxide may also act advantageously in bleaching the saccharine
matter, it being now applied for that purpose.
The apparatus is very inexpensive, effective and economical in its operation.
Reference is to be had to the accompanying drawings, forming part of the
Specifications, in which similar letters of reference indicate corresponding parts in
all the figures.
Figure 1, represents a vertical section of my improved apparatus.
Figure 2, represents a modification thereof.
Figure 3, represents still another form of the same.
Figure 4, is a cross section on line V. V. Figure 1.
In the drawings A. represents a vertical outer shell or chamber, herein indicated
as cylindrical (but it may be rectangular or any other suitable form), surrounding,
in Figures 1 and 2, a central perforated shell or chamber B. which is closed at
both ends. Into this central chamber B. the evaporating air or gases are designed
to be forced by means of a fan or other suitable device (not shown) through the
conduit B which is provided with a regulating damper or valve n, and escape
through the perforations or slots and impinge on the liquid which falls in the form
of rain c. c. from the perforated distributing pipe or chamber C, which is annular
and fixed between the cylinders A. B. near the top of the latter.
This distributing pipe C₁ is fed by the conduit C. and the space between the
pipe Cand the chamber B. is closed by a baffle plate or flange p. so that the air or
gases shall not move upward through this space but be forced to pass up through
and in contact with the falling drops of liquid.
The central shell or chamber B. is secured in place centrally within the outer
shell A. preferably by stays which are fixed above the annular pipe C¹, 50
that the shower of the liquid may find no impediment in its descent upon which to
make deposit.
The shells A. and B. are placed
diameter than the bottom of the
axially above a receiving vessel D. of greater
shell A. and open at the top and having a

page_text: Dottom discharge gate a
liquid in D.
and an overnow pipe D, teatter
UI
The shell A. is expanded toward the bottom as shown at A', A2, Figure 1, and,
preferably, just touches the liquid in D. at /. or it may be arranged a little above or
below the surface of the liquid.
This expansion or enlargement of cylinder A. at the bottom is for the object of
preventing the contact of the liquid upon the inside of the shell A when said liquid
falls into the liquid contained in the vessel D.
The crystals resulting from vaporization of the liquid will fall to the bottom of
the vessel D. whence they may be removed through the gate when desired, and
the overflowing liquid passing off through pipe D', the outlet from D. is designed
to be repumped into and through conduit C. with the addition of fresh liquid to
compensate for that previously evaporated, or the liquid overflowing from the
vessel D. may be conducted to a heating vessel (not shown) from which it will be
fed again through conduit C.
The vessel D. may have heat directly applied to it to further heat and vaporize
and concentrate the liquid contained therein.
In case the liquid is not to be concentrated as far as, or beyond the crystallizing
point, the lower part of the shell A. may terminate in an attached liquid reservoir
as shown at K. Figure 2, having a discharge valve at the bottom so that the
liquid may be kept in constant circulation, being repumped and discharged through
pipe C', after passing through a heater or otherwise, but in either form of con-
struction the liquid falling down the cylinder A., always falls without contact with
any obstruction into the liquid in the reservoir below the cylinder.
Suitable doors may be provided in the shell A. for inspection and clearing or
repairing.
The shell A. may be supported in place in any suitable manner, as by timbers
shown at S. S. and may be enlarged as shown in Figure 2 at a point opposite the
distributing pipe or chamber C¹ to obtain a greater area of uptake at this point and
it may also be reduced higher up above the cylinder B. as shown in Figure 2.
Several of these devices may be placed along side of one another, in battery,
and may all be supplied by one blower for air, one pump for liquid, and one pan or
one vessel D.
I do not confine myself to the precise construction of parts as herein shown, for
these constructions may be varied in many ways to produce like results without
departing from the spirit of my invention as for instance, as shown in Figure 3, the
sides of the shell A. may be provided with perforations H. H. near the bottom
thereof and the air or gases be forced through them from an annular drum L,—
that is secured about the lower portion of said shell and has an inlet pipe t,-to
make contact with the falling finely divided liquid; or the air and gases so admitted,
may be exhausted upward by a fan or other suitable device applied to the upper
part of the cylinder A. In which case the cylinder B. and its direct attachments
may be dispensed with and the distributing pipe C. be enlarged as shown in
Figure 3.
And in Figure 3, the cylinder of shell A., is, as a further development of the
enlargement A¹ A shown in Figure 1, made to expand from a point a little above
the distributing pipe or chamber C₁ to the bottom, in order to prevent, absolutely,
the contact of the falling liquid with the inner surface of the said cylinder.
Also in Figure 3 an exhaust fan M. provided with shaft and pulley r r²,
respectively, is fixed in a side of the shell A. above the distributing pipe C¹ to
draw the air or gases through the perforations to bring them in contact with
the falling liquid and then eject them from the said cylinder. It will be seen that
in this my improved apparatus there is no impediment, no object for the liquid to
make contact with and become incrusted on in falling down through the cylinder,
but that it falls directly into the liquid in the bottom receiver. This apparatus is
especially so constructed that the liquid to be evaporated shall not, in falling to the
receiver, meet with any impediment.

page_text: Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is
1. An apparatus for vaporizing liquids constructed substantially as herein shown
and described, consisting of outer shell A. open at top and bottom; shell B. closed
at top and bottom, having openings or perforations in its sides and centrally fixed
within the shell A. so that an annular chamber is formed between them; liquid
discharging and distributing chamber or pipe with conduit C. attached;
conduit B connected with shell B. for introducing air or gases therein; and
receiver D. set beneath shell A. and B, the parts being combined substantially as
herein shown and described.
2. In an apparatus for concentrating or evaporating liquids, the combination with
an upright outer shell or cylinder having an opening at the top and axpanded at the
bottom and provided with an interior and concentric, annular, liquid-distributing
chamber or pipe and a central perforated air-distributing cylinder, of a liquid
receiver of a greater diameter than the lower end of said cylinder fixed axially
immediately below the same, substantially as herein shown and described.
3. In an apparatus for concentrating or evaporating liquids the combination of an
upright outer shell or cylinder, expanding toward the bottom, provided with
openings for the admission of air or gases, and with an annular interior, liquid-
distributing chamber or pipe, of an annular baffle plate fixed on or about on a level
with said pipe and of a fan for creating an upward current of air or gases within
said cylinder, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.
4. In an apparatus for concentrating or evaporating liquids, the combination with
the outer shell of an interior, annular liquid-distributing pipe, annular baffle plates,
and means for creating an upward current of air within the said shell, substantially
as set forth.
Dated this 5th day of December 1890
ALLISON BROS.,
Agents for the Applicant.