AN IMPROVED METHOD OF TINNING CAST IRON VESSELS OF CAPACITY
Year: 1820

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, SAMUEL
KENRICK, of West Bromwich, in the County of Stafford, Manufacturer, send
greeting.
WHEREAS His most Excellent Majesty King George the Fourth, by
His Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date at
Westminster, the Thirteenth day of May, in the first year of His reign,
did, for Himself, His heirs and successors, give and grant unto the said
Samúel Kenrick, His especial licence that I, the said Samuel Kendrick, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Samuel
Kenrick, my executors, administrators, or assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times during the term of
years therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within England, Wales, and the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, my
Invention of "AN IMPROVED METHOD OF TINNING CAST IRON VESSELS OF CAPACITY;"
in which said Letters Patent there is contained a proviso obliging me, the said
Samuel Kenrick, by an instrument in writing under my hand and seal, par-
ticularly to ascertain and describe the nature of my said Invention, and in
what manner the same is to be performed, and to cause the same to be
inrolled in His Majesty's High Court of Chancery within six calendar months
next and immediately after the date of the said recited Letters Patent, as in
and' by 'the same, reference being thereunto had; will more fully and at large
appear.
:

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
Samuel Kenrick, have executed this Instrument, by which I do declare that
the nature of my said Invention, and the manner in which the same is to be
performed, are particularly described and ascertained in the manner following,
that is to say-
My Invention of An Improved Method of Tinning Cast Iron Vessels of
Capacity consists in a new method of suddenly cooling and setting tin, or other
fusible metals mixed with tin, upon cast iron vessels, by the application of a
rapid current of air to the coating of tin, or other fusible metals mixed with tin,
whilst in a state of fusion. I will first describe the operation of tinning the
internal surfaces of cast iron vessels as it is commonly practised, in order to
render the explanation of my improved method of cooling and setting the tin
more clear and intelligible.
The surface to which it is intended to apply the tin being made smooth
and even by grinding or turning, and the vessel being sufficiently heated,
a proper quantity of melted tin is poured into it. Some sal-ammoniac
melted upon the tin is next rubbed hard upon the smooth surface of the
vessel, and then by means of a piece of cork fixed on a light pair of
tongs, a quantity of the melted tin is dashed or thrown upon the surface
to which the sal-ammoniac was applied. The tin thus applied attaches
itself to the surface, the whole of which being covered, the superfluous tin is
turned out. If the vessel was left to cool gradually, the tin would run down.
the sides, making a thicker coating towards the lower part. To prevent this,
the vessel with it's mouth upwards is suddenly plunged into water, which
touches only the external surface, and by means of the sudden cold the tin
applied to the internal surface is set, and remains of an uniform thickness.
This method of cooling and setting the tin succeeds for tinning the internal
surfaces of vessels, and in cases where the water does not come into actual
contact with the fluid tin upon the surface, but it cannot be successfully
employed for tinning vessels on both surfaces at the same time, because it is
ascertained that when the surface of a vessel is heated and covered with tin
(in a state of fusion) and of sufficient thickness to insure a good and even
surface over the vessel, it will not admit of its being plunged into water to
cool it suddenly without materially displacing the tin from such parts as
actually touch the water, leaving the tin in an uneven surface over the vessel,
and nearly removing it or driving it off in some parts. This renders the
present mode of cooling and setting the tin by the application of water
extremely objectionable.
My Invention enables me to avoid the inconvenience which has been
mentioned, and to produce a smooth and uniform coating of tin over both

page_text: the external and internal surfaces of cast iron vessels. Having prepared
the external and internal surfaces of the vessel by turning, grinding, or
otherwise, so as to render them fit to receive the coatings of tin, I cover the
internal surface with the melted tin by the method herein-before described.
After the internal surface is so covered, I dip or immerse the vessel in a quantity
of melted tin, which is caused to adhere to the external surface by the
employment of sal-ammoniac in the manner heretofore used for the inside
tinning. Then by turning the vessel slowly round in the melted tin it will gather
a sufficient quantity upon both it's surfaces to produce a good thick covering.
When this is done, the vessel is quickly withdrawn from the melted tin, and
according to my new method exposed without loss of time to the action of a
rapid current of air, which produces the effect of suddenly cooling and setting
the tin upon both surfaces of the vessel. And by this method the tin is not
disturbed, but is left smooth and of an uniform thickness, as it was applied by
the last operation. The current of air may be applied in any manner that may
be found most convenient, and may be produced by a blowing machine, pair
of bellows, or by draft occasioned by means of a high chimney or in any other
convenient way. I make claim generally to the employment of a rapid current
of air as a means of suddenly cooling and setting the tin in the operation of
tinning cast iron vessels, without confining myself to any peculiar or specific
mode of producing or applying the current of air, but holding myself at liberty
to produce the current of air in any convenient way, and to apply it to the ex-
ternal or internal surface of the vessel, or to both surfaces at the same time, in
various ways as occasionally may be found best. But in order that the nature
of my Invention may be clearly understood, I have hereunto annexed a sheet
of Drawings or Plans, which will serve to illustrate one means of carrying my
improved method of cooling and setting tin upon cast iron vessels into effect.
Figures 1 and 2 of the Drawing represent the construction of apparatus
adapted to the cooling of small cast iron vessels. The Figures are drawn to a
scale of one half of the real dimensions, to explain the operation of cooling a
cast iron beer or alehouse pint measure, which has been coated with tin both
externally and internally, after the manner herein-before described.
Figure 1 shews a perspective view of the apparatus as it would appear at
the instant when the pot or measure was placed within it in an inverted
position to be cooled, but before the current of air was admitted to operate
upon it; and Figure 2 shews a section taken through the middle of the
apparatus at a time when the cooling operation is supposed to be going on.
Note. The same characters or letters of reference denote the same parts
in both the Figures.

page_text: A represents a cast iron vessel, of such dimensions as to receive the work
to be operated upon, having a lip or projecting part a, a, out of it at one side
to receive the handle of the pot, as seen in the section Figure 2, and allow it
to be introduced without obstruction. The bottom part of the vessel A is
perforated, and communicates by means of a pipe B, B, with an air vessel or
reservoir containing air in a state of condensation or compression, which may
be admitted suddenly into the bottom of the vessel A, or kept out at pleasure.
by a cock C, placed in the middle of the communication pipe B, B. The
cock C is furnished with a lever or handle D to turn it round by, and may be
adjusted to admit a greater or less quantity of air to pass through, as occasion
may require, by means of a moveable stop E, secured by a thumb screw F,
upon a fixed bar of metal G, G, to which stop the handle D is brought down
to regulate the opening of the cock in admitting the air, as represented by the
section Figure 2. H and I shew a dish or shallow tray of metal, which is
supported upon small legs or props b, b, from the bottom of the vessel; and
immediately over the opening or mouth of the communication pipe B, B, the
tray H, I, has a projecting lip I out of one side to receive the handle of the
pot or measure K, which is represented in the Drawing in the act of being
cooled. c, c, shews a screw bolt, which serves to confine the tray H, I, in it's
proper place by being screwed into a small bar of metal across the top of the
pipe B, B. The vessel A is secured to the pipe B, B, by screw bolts e, e,
passing through a flanch formed round the top of the pipe; this admits of
removing the vessel A with it's appendages, and substituting a larger or
smaller one, according to the size and shape of the article to be tinned or
operated upon, the same stopcock and its apparatus serving in all cases.
The mode of using this apparatus is as follows:-After the pot or vessel has
been entirely and sufficiently covered with tin, both on the inside and outside
surfaces, as before described, and whilst the tin remains in a state of fusion
upon its surface, it is introduced into the vessel A with its mouth downwards,
and placed upon the small tray H, I, at which instant the handle D, upon the
cock C, is brought suddenly down to the stop E, which allows a strong current
of air to enter the bottom of the vessel A from the reservoir before mentioned.
The tray H, I, prevents the current from impinging point blank upon the
melted tin, and makes it pass up the sides of the vessel in contact with and
nearly parallel to the surface, and it escapes at the upper part of the vessel A,
as shewn by the direction of the small darts in Figure 2. By this means the
heat is carried off from the pot K, and the tin upon both the surfaces of the
cast iron is set so suddenly that it has not time to run off in any material.
degree, thereby leaving the surface even and uniform over both the internal

page_text: and external surfaces of the vessel, which operation could not be successfully
performed by the method of plunging the vessel into water, as heretofore
practised.
Now I wish it to be observed that I do not make claim to any method of
applying the tin upon the surface of cast iron vessels; but I confine my claim
to the employment of a rapid current of air, applied artificially for the purpose
of suddenly cooling and setting the tin upon cast iron vessels, to complete the
operation of tinning the same.
In witness whereof, I, the said Samuel Kenrick, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, the Thirteenth day of November, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and twenty.
AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the same Thirteenth day of
November, in the year above mentioned, the aforesaid Samuel Kendrick came
5 before our Lord the King in His Chancery, and acknowledged the Specification
aforesaid, and all and every thing therein contained, in form above written.
And also the Specification aforesaid was stamped according to the tenor of.
the Statute in that case made and provided.
Inrolled the same Thirteenth day of November, in the year above written.