IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR PORDADING SPINNING AND DOUBLING COTTON AND OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS."
Year: 1854

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Mason, of Rochdale, in the County of Lan-
caster, Machinist, and Leonard Kaberry, of Rochdale aforesaid,, Manager,
for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR
PORDADING SPINNING AND DOUBLING COTTON AND OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Mason and Leonard
Kaberry at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Peti-
tion, on the 30th November 1854.
We, JOHN MASON, of Rochdale, in the County of Lancaster, Machinist,, and
LEONARD KABERRY, of Rochdale aforesaid, Manager, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS
FOR PREPARING, SPINNING, AND DOUBLING COTTON AND OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS,"
to be as follows:-
..Our Invention relates, firstly, to "teazers" or other machines, for opening
or,cleaning cotton, wool, or other fibrous materials, in which a grating is
employed, and consists in cleaning it by the action of travelling brushes,
scrapers, or other such apparatus, actuated by connections from any suitable
moving part; thus, for instance, we apply an endless travelling band of
brushes, which is caused by rollers to move in the circular or other form
of the grating; and in contact therewith, or by another method, we employ

page_text: an oscillating arm, provided with a brush, which sweeps over the surface of
the grating.
Our Invention relates, secondly, to the carding engine, and consists in an
arrangement for actuating the doffing comb, whereby we are enabled to
employ an outside crank, without exposing the driving strap thereof to the
waste material or dust, &c. According to one method, we attach the crank
pin to the outward face-of-a-pulley, situate on the outside of the frame.
work, and communicate rotatory motion thereto by suitable apparatus, also
situate without the framing; the comb bar may be extended sufficiently to be
joined to an upright connecting rod, or the rod may be bent, so as to be con-
nected to the bar within the framing. Another method of accomplishing the
like object consists in the adaptation of a shaft, situate at the upper part of
the machine under the draw box end, which shaft is provided with two pullies,
one on the outside, the other inside the framework; by the former of these,
the shaft is driven from the cylinder, or other convenient moving part; by the
latter, rotatory motion is.communicated to the crank.
Thirdly, our Invention refers to condenser carding engines, and consists in
a method of adapting bushes to the twisting plate or guide, such bushes being
formed of pottery, glass, enamelled metal, or other such substance, or hardened
metal. The method we adopt is, to form the said bushes cylindrical, or partly
cylindrical, so that the recesses for their reception may be bored out by a
rotatory cutter, instead of being formed in straight lines.
Fourthly, our Invention refers to the "centrifugal presser flyers" of pre-
paring machinery, whether on the double or single presser principle, and
consists in turning the upper end of the wire downward, instead of allowing it
to project upward, as now practised.
Fifthly, to the cap bars of preparing and spinning machinery. According
to our Invention, instead of casting the prongs for carrying the "nibs" or
guides for the rollers of the same metal, and along with the back part of the
cap bar, we cast that part separately, and subsequently apply-prongs-formed
of wrought iron, malloable-cast-iron,-brass, or other suitable metal. The
" nibs
for the back rollers as well as those for the other rollers we apply
loosely, or we construct the former upon and in one piece with the prongs.
By another method, we form the prongs in separate parts, as before named,
but cast the metal forming the back part of the cap bars 'thereon, by which
means the two parts are united.
Sixthly, our Invention refers to preparing and spinning machines, in which
bobbins are employed on both sides of the machine, and in which the speed
of the spindles is varied during the raising and lowering of the bobbins,

page_text: and consists in causing the lift to take place simultaneously on both sides of
the frame.
Seventhly, to such preparing and spinning machines as are provided with
fixed bearings and moveable plates for lifting the bobbins, and consists in so
varying, the speed of the spindles that the velocity shall be increased as the
bobbin descends, and vice versa.
Eighthly, to a method of driving, preparing, and spinning machinery in
which a variable motion of the spindles is required, and consists in the
adaptation of a shaft across one end of the machine, which shaft is provided
with one of a pair of conical or friction pullies.
Ninthly, improvements apply to slubbing or roving frames, and consist
in a method of lifting one of the conical pullies in order that the strap may
be shifted; this we accomplish by employing a shaft, extending vertically, and
provided with a handle, by which it may be turned. This shaft acts direct
upon the conical pulley, for which purpose it is provided with an inclined
plane, as a worm, screw, or cam.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said John 'Mason' and Leonard Kaberry in the Great Seal
Patent Office on the 30th May 1855.
"
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, JOHN
MASON, of Rochdale, in the County of Lancaster, Machinist, and LEONARD
KABERRY, of Rochdale, Manager, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Thirtieth day of November, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-four, in the eighteenth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs. and successors, give and grant unto us, the
said John Mason and Leonard Kaberry,. Her special license that we, the said
John Mason and Leonard Kaberry, our executors, administrators, and assigns,
and such others as we, the said John Mason and Leonard Kaberry, should at
any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times there-
after during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland,
the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR PREPARING, SPINNING, AND DOUBLING COTTON AND
OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS," upon the condition (amongst others) that we, the
---

page_text: said John Mason and Leonard Kaberry, by an instrument in writing under
our hands and seals, or under the hand and seal of one of us, should par-
ticularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the
Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately
after the date-of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Leonard Kaberry, do hereby declare
the nature of our said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement and accompanying Drawings (that is to say):-
Our Invention refers, firstly, to teazers or other machines for opening or
cleaning cotton, wool, and other fibrous materials, in which a grating is
employed, and consists in cleaning such grating by the action of travelling
brushes, scrapers, or other such apparatus, actuated by connexion with any
suitable part of the machine.
Secondly, to the carding engine, and consists in an arrangement of
actuating the doffing comb, whereby we are enabled to use an outside crank
without exposing the driving strap thereof to the waste material or dust, &c.
Thirdly, our Invention refers to a method of adapting bushes of certain
materials to the twisting plate or guide of condenser carding engines, and.
consists in forming the said bushes cylindrical, or partly cylindrical, so that
the cavities for their reception may be constructed by a rotatory cutter..
Fourthly, to the "centrifugal flyers" of preparing machinery, and consists
in turning the upper end of the wire downward instead of upward, as now
practised.
Fifthly, to the
сар bars of preparing and spinning machinery, and consists
in certain methods of constructing, and fitting up those parts.
Sixthly, our Invention refers to machines in which bobbins are employed on
both sides-of-the-machine, the spindles of which are required to revolve at a
varying speed during the raising and lowering_of_the_bobbins,.and.consists.in
causing the lift to take place simultaneously on both sides of the frame..
Seventhly, to machines which are provided with fixed bearings and
moveable plates for lifting the bobbins, and consists in so varying the speed of
the spindles that the velocity shall be increased as the bobbin descends, and
vice versa.
Eighthly, to machines which, as above mentioned, are adapted for driving
the spindles at a varying velocity, and consists in the adaption of a driving
shaft to such machines situate across one end thereof, and provided with one of
a pair of conical pullies or friction surfaces.

page_text: Ninthly, our Invention refers to slubbing and roving frames, and consists
in a method of lifting one of the conical pullies in order that the strap may
be shifted; this we accomplish by employing a shaft, extending vertically, and
provided with a handle, by which it may be turned. This shaft acts direct
upon the conical pulley, for which purpose it is provided with an inclined
plane, as a worm, screw, or cam.
Having thus stated in general terms the particulars of our said improve-
ments, we will proceed to point out how the same may be carried into
practical operation, by aid of two Sheets of Drawings accompanying this
our Specification.
Our first improvement is shewn at Fig. 1, Sheet 1, which is a longitudinal
vertical section of a teazer constructed according to our Invention. Upon
the driving shaft a, which communicates motion to the spiked cylinder b, is a
bevil pinion c, driving an auxiliary shaft d, the lower end of which is provided
with a worm, taking into the teeth of a wheel e; this wheel has a projecting
pin f, constituting a crank, which is connected by a rod g to a lever h, mounted
loosely upon the axis of the cylinder b. The lever h is furnished at its outward
end with a shaft i, upon which is mounted a cylindrical brush j; and it also
carries a pulley; driven by a strap k, to which motion is communicated by a
pulley. upon the axis of the cylinder b. The machine having been put in
motion, the revolution of the crank f will cause the lever to vibrate slowly
upon the axis of the cylinder, sweeping the brush j over the exterior of the
grating m, which brush will at the same time be caused to revolve rapidly by
means of the strap.k.
The above arrangement will serve to illustrate our Invention, but many
modifications thereof may be made without departing from the principle thereof;
for instance, if desired, an endless travelling band of brushes-may-be employed,
caused to move by suitable means in the circular or other form of the grating.
We have also shewn a particular construction of opening and cleaning machine,
but the improvement may be adapted to any other suitable arrangement.
The second part of our Invention is shewn at Figs. 2, 3, 4, Sheet 1; the
first of which is a partial side elevation of a carding engine; Fig. 3 is an
end view of a portion thereof; and Fig. 4 represents a second method of
effecting the improvement. The strap which drives the ordinary rollers is
shewn at a, passing also over a pulley b, mounted upon a stud on the outside
of the framework. Upon this stud is another pulley c, driving a third pulley d
by means of a strap e, also on the outside of the framework...Upon the pulley
d is a pin f, constituting an outside crank, which, by means of the rod g,

page_text: communicates the required reciprocating motion to the comb bar h, which is
extended outward sufficiently to allow of the communication being made; or,
if desired, the rod g may be bent inward at its upper' end to effect the same
object. In the modification shewn at "Fig. 4, a pulley i on the cylinder axis
communicates rotatory motion to a pulley j, situate 'under the "draw box" of
the machine, and affixed to a shaft, which also carries a pulley %, communi-
cating motion by means of a strap to a pulley 1, carrying a'pin' m, constituting,
as before, an outside crank. Our improvement relating to the twisting plate
or guide of condenser carding engines is shewn in two views at Figs. 5 and 6,
Sheet 1, the former being an elevation, and the latter a plan'view. 'Within
the plate we form recesses, as at a, the ends thereof being portions of circles,
and therefore admitting the use of rotatory tools in forming them." "Into these
recesses we place similarly formed pieces, as shewn at'b, constructed of pottery;
glass, enamelled metal, or other such substance or hardened 'métal. The
twisting plate or guide thus formed is adapted to the machine in the 'usual
manner.*
..
Our fourth improvement is shewn at Fig. 7, Sheet 1, in which the wire a;
carrying the presser finger, is provided with a weight"'; but it is in this
instance bent downward instead of projecting upward, as in ordinary "centri-
fugal flyers," by which arrangement less "fly" is carried, and the 'cleaning of
the apparatus is facilitated.
:
Our fifth improvement is shewn at Figs. 8 and 9; Sheet 1, in which a
represents the back part of a cap bar; and b, the prongs for carrying the nibs
or guides for the rollers. These two parts, according to our improvement, are
formed separately, the former being provided with apertures, into which--the
latter are driven. The nibs for the back rollers may be adapted loosely to
the prongs, and subsequently secured in their places, or they may be cast
therewith. Instead of casting the back parts of the cap-bars-and-subse-
quently applying the prongs, the latter may be placed 'within the mould and
the former cast thereon, a suitable form being adopted for securing the two
firmly together.
-T
The sixth part of our Invention is shewn at Fig. 10, Sheet 2, which is a
partial end elevation of a throstle machine. The ordinary lifting rod at the
right-hand side of the machine is shewn at a, connected to a chain b, the other
end of which is attached to a pulley c. Upon the axis of this is another
-pulley; to-which-a-chain d'is affixed, the lower end thereof being connected
to a lever e, turning upon a fixed centre at f. This lever is acted upon by the
usual heart wheel g, and the rising and falling of the copping rail will there-

page_text: fore be effected as now practised. At the other side of the machine the lifting
rod' a* is connected to a chain 6, attached to a pulley **, a second chain d*
being also adapted, as before described; but in this instance, instead of being
attached direct to the lever e, it previously passes over a guide pulley h, by
which means the motion becomes reversed; and the lifting will be effected at
both sides of the frame simultaneously. This part of our improvements; as
previously stated, has reference to machines in which a varying rate of motion
in 'the spindles is required, the speed being "continually the same for each
position of the bobbin during its lift; and by adopting our 'method of causing
a simultaneous lift of the two rows of bobbins, one driving shaft only will be
necessary, whereas if the one tier were rising when the other was falling, "two
would be requisite, inasmuch as the speed must then be decreasing for the one;
and increasing for the other. We have shewn and described a throstle to
illustrate this part of our Invention, but the like principle may be adapted to
preparing machines with two tiers of spindles, and to doubling frames!
In order to explain the seventh part of our improvements, we will refer to
the detached view, Fig. 10, Sheet 2, of a 'spindle and bobbin constructed upon
the plan to which our Invention relates. The spindle is shewn 'at a; turning
at bottom in a fixed rail'b, and above within another fixed rail c. The bobbin
rests upon a plate'd, which, being caused to rise and fall, effects the copping
of the yarn. When the bobbin is at the top of the lift, it's weight is evidently
exerted with greater force to derange the steadiness 'of the spindle than when
it is at the bottom; we therefore so vary the speed of the spindles that the
velocity shall be at a maximum when the bobbin is at bottom of the lift,
and diminish gradually as it advances to 'the top," and vice versa. "This varying
speed may be accomplished by any suitable" arrangement of conical" pullies,
along which the driving strap is caused to traverse, or the same end may be
gained' by friction surfaces.
A method, however, we adopt, and which constitutes the eighth part of our
improvements, "is as 'follows, reference being had to Fig. 10, Sheet 2, before
mentioned: Across the end of the machine we place a shaft k, which com-
municates motion to the main shaft of the machine by bevilled geer, for
instance, as shewn in the Drawing. Upon the shaft k is fixed a conical pulley
7, over which a strap m passes, and from thence around another conical pulley
over-head, and reversed end for end as regards the pulley 7.
embraced by a fork n, formed upon a bell-crank lever-o, the
which is connected to the lever e (before described) by a link p. As the said
lever is caused to vibrate by the heart wheel g, the fork n will cause the strap
The strap is
lower end of

page_text: to move backward and forward along the conical pullies, and impart the
required variable speed to the main shaft of the machine. If circumstances
should require it, another traversing fork may derive motion from the lever.e,
so as to operate upon the strap m near the over-head pulley.
As regards the seventh part of our Invention, the raising of two tiers of
bobbins simultaneously may be adopted, according to the previously described
portion of our improvements, to explain which it will only be necessary to
suppose the lifting rods a, a, Fig, 10, attached to the plates, one of which is
shewn at d, Fig. 10"; but if only one tier be employed, then the copping
apparatus may be similar to that in ordinary use.
The seventh and eighth portions of our improvements we have described in
reference to a throstle, but they are equally applicable to preparing and doubling
frames.
The ninth part of our improvements is shewn at Figs. 11 and 12 of Sheet 2.
One of the conical pullies of a slubbing or roving frame is shewn at a. The
shaft at the end 6 is mounted in a swivel bearing as usual; the other end *
is carried by a bush capable of being raised in guides c, which bush is formed
with a tooth upon its edge, taking into a worm d, formed upon a vertical shaft
e, provided with a pulley handle at top, by means of which, therefore, the
conical pulley may be raised and the strap shifted, as usual. In order to
secure a correct position of the pulley after it has been lowered, there is a set
screw at f, which determines its downward motion, and when in that position
the tooth which takes into the worm is situate beneath a flattened portion
thereof, as shewn at g, by which arrangement it is prevented from acting
against the inclined part of the thread, and its steadiness is secured.
Having thus described and ascertained the nature of our Invention, and
the manner in which the same is to be performed, we desire it to be under-
stood that_we_claim,_as_secured_to_us_under_the_above_in_part_recited Letters.
Patent,―
Firstly, the application to the gratings of "teazers or other machines, for
opening and cleaning cotton, wool, and other fibrous materials, of a travelling
brush, scraper, or other such apparatus.

page_text: Fourthly, as applied to "centrifugal flyers," turning the weight thereof
downward.
Fifthly, as applied to the "cap bars" of preparing and spinning machinery,
we claim casting the back part thereof alone, and subsequently applying the
prongs thereto; also, casting the back part of the cap bar upon the prongs
previously made.
Sixthly, as applied to preparing, spinning, and doubling machinery, the
spindles of which are in two tiers, and driven at a variable speed, -causing
the lift of both sets to take place simultaneously.
Seventhly, in reference to preparing, spinning, and doubling machines which
are provided with fixed bearings and a moveable plate for lifting the bobbins,
we claim imparting to the spindles a varying speed, increasing as the bobbin
descends, and vice versa.
Eighthly, the application of a shaft across one end of the machine, provided
with one of a pair of conical pullies or friction surfaces, for the purpose of
imparting variable speed to the spindles of preparing, spinning, and doubling
machines.
Ninthly, the employment of a vertical shaft, acting by means of a screw,
cam, or other suitable apparatus upon one of the conical pullies of slubbing
and roving frames, for the purpose of raising it.
In witness whereof, I, the said Leonard Kaberry, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Twenty-ninth day of May, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-five.
LEONARD KABERRY. (L.S.)