Improvements in or connected with Certain Motor-engines Actuated by Anhydrous Ammonia or other Elastic Gases, and in Tramcars and other Vehicles to be Propelled by such Motor-engines.
Year: 1889

page_text: Date of Application, 5th Sept., 1889
Complete Specification Left, 5th June, 1890-Accepted, 5th July, 1850
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in or connected with Certain Motor-engines Actuated
by Anhydrous Ammonia or other Elastic Gases, and in Tramcars
and other Vehicles to be Propelled by such Motor-engines.
We JOHN HEATON of 41 Corporation Street, Manchester, in the County of
Lancaster Civil Engineer, and GEORGE HENRY HOLDEN, of the same place, Civil
Engineer do hereby declare the nature of this invention to he as follows:-
Our invention relates partly to those motor-engines actuated by anhydrous ammonia
or other similar elastic gases, such as carbonic acid and oxygen, the "exhaust" of
which is to be absorbed by water or a weak solution of ammonia or any other solvent
or absorbent of the "exhaust" gases and our invention consists partly in arrangements
by which we lessen or prevent "back pressure" and avoid producing the unpleasant
and objectionable noise hitherto produced when the "exhaust" is passing into the
water or weak solution of ammonia or other solvent or absorbent by which it is to be
absorbed. Our invention also consists in combinations of mechanical parts by means
of which we prevent the escape of the ammonia or other elastic gases from certain
parts of the motor-engines and causing danger or annoyance and enable certain parts
of the motor-engines to be inspected or repaired without it being necessary to
allow the water or weak solution of ammonia or other solvent or absorbent of the
"exhaust" gases to run off.
or
According to one arrangement of our invention we provide the "exhaust pipe
each of the "exhaust pipes" with a pipe or pipes capable of being slidden thereon or
therein and such sliding pipe or each of such sliding pipes we provide with an inverted
dish or float beneath which the "exhaust pipe" terminates. When the "exhaust" is
taking place the inverted dish or float will float upon the surface of the water or weak
solution of ammonia or other solvent or absorbent of the "exhaust" gases by which
the "exhaust" is to be absorbed, and sustain the end of the sliding pipe above the
level of the liquid, the inverted dish or float causing the "exhaust to pass in
contact with the water or weak solution of ammonia or other solvent or absorbent of
the "exhaust" gases, so as to be absorbed thereby. As the level of the water or
weak solution of ammonia or other solvent or absorbent of the "exhaust"
gases rises
the inverted dish or float will also rise and so keep the termination of the sliding
portion of the "exhaust pipe" above the level of the liquid.
"
According to another arrangement of our invention we provide the "exhaust
pipe" or each of the "exhaust pipes" with an extended portion such extended
portion being connected to the "exhaust pipe" by means of a "ball and socket
joint" or other suitable swivel joint. We provide the said extended portion with
an inverted dish or float beneath which the "exhaust pipe" terminates. When
the "exhaust" is taking place the inverted dish or float will float upon the surface
of the water or weak solution of ammonia or other solvent or absorbent of the
" exhaust
gases and maintain the end of the extended portion of the "exhaust
pipe" above the level of the liquid, the inverted dish or float causing the
exhaust" to pass in contact with the water or weak solution of ammonia or other
solvent or absorbent of the exhaust gases so as to be absorbed thereby. As the
level of the water or weak solution of ammonia or other solvent or absorbent of
the exhaust gases rises the inverted dish or float will also rise and so keep
the termination of the extended portion of the "exhaust pipe "above the level of the
liquid. In some cases instead of providing the "exhaust pipe or each of the
"exhaust pipes" with an extended portion connected thereto by means of a
"3
"
"
*ball and

page_text: socket joint" or other suitable swivel joint we provide the "exhaust pipe" or each of
the "exhaust pipes" with a flexible pipe terminating beneath and when the
"exhaust" is taking place supported by an inverted dish or float similar to that
above described.
A further part of our invention consists in combinations of mechanical parts by
which we enable access to be readily obtained to the glands or stuffing boxes
surrounding the piston rods or valve rods of motor-engines of the kind to which our
invention relates in order that such glands or stuffing boxes may be tightened or
packed whenever necessary without it being necessary to first run off the water or
other liquid from the vessels or tanks into which the "exhaust" gases from the motor-
engines pass and without causing danger or annoyance to arise from the escape of
ammonia or other gas when the motor-engines are at work.
According to this part of our invention we enclose the glands or stuffing boxes of
the piston rod and valve-rod appertaining to each cylinder by a chamber in which we
place water or other liquid by which the ammonia or other gas passing the glands or
stuffing boxes above mentioned will be absorbed. We provide stuffing-boxes or glands
by means of which water or other liquid may be prevented from escaping at the place
where the piston rod and valve-rod pass through the side of the chamber. We
provide the said chamber with taps or valves by means of which water or other liquid
may be supplied to or removed from such chamber. We also provide such chamber
with a cover or lid by the removal of which access is obtained to the glands or stuffing
boxes for tightening or packing. The chamber above mentioned surrounding the
glands or stuffing-boxes of the piston rod and valve-rod of each of the motor-engines,
actuated by anhydrous ammonia or other elastic gas is a chamber which is separated
from and not communicating with the vessel or tank containing the liquid employed
to condense or absorb exhaust gas from the motor-engines before mentioned. The
chamber aforesaid may be emptied at any time of water or other liquid without any
loss of water or other liquid from the vessel or tank into which the exhaust gas from
the motor-engines pass.
According to another part of our invention we enclose the cylinder and valve box of
each motor engine actuated by anhydrous ammonia or other elastic gas
in a chamber
in which we place charcoal, peroxide of iron or other material which will absorb
ammonia or other gas employed to actuate the motor-engine. This arrangement
enables access to the cylinder and valve box to be obtained without necessitating the
running out of liquid from the chamber enclosing the cylinder and valve box. We
also propose to charge the chamber or chambers enclosing the cylinder and valve box
in hot weather with a cooling or freezing mixture to keep the cylinder and valve box
cool and in cold weather with any substance or material which will prevent loss
of heat.
When tramears or other vehicles have been propelled by means of motor-engines
actuated by anhydrous ammonia or other elastic gas the motor-engine or motor-
engines employed has or have been hitherto placed at one end of the tramcar or other
vehicle. In consequence of the said motor-engine or motor-engines being so placed
it has been difficult to balance the tramcar or other vehicle upon the wheels by which
it is supported and the working of the motor-engine or motor-engines has caused a
disturbance of the balance of the tramcar or other vehicle. A further part of our
invention consists in arrangements by means of which we render the tramcar or other
vehicle to be propelled by the motor-engine or motor-engines actuated by anhydrous
ammonia or other elastic gas more readily balanced upon the wheels by which it is
supported and prevent the working of the motor-engine or motor-engines from
disturbing the balance of the tramcar or other vehicle as much as in the arrangements
heretofore employed.
According to this part of our invention we place the motor-engine or motor-engines
at each end of the tramcar or other vehicle to be propelled and provide suitable clutch
or clutches by means of which the motor-engine or motor-engines at either end or the

page_text: motor-engines at both ends of the tramcar or other vehicle may be caused to impart
rotary motion to a pair or pairs of the wheels of such tramcar or other vehicle. The
motor-engine or motor-engines at one end of the tramcar or other vehicle is or are
employed when such tramcar or other vehicle is to be propelled in one direction and
the motor-engine or motor-engines at the other end of the tramcar or other vehicle is
employed when the tramcar or other vehicle is to be propelled in the opposite direction.
When a steep gradient is being ascended or whenever necessary or desirable the
motor-engine or motor-engines at one end of the tramcar or other vehicle may be
employed to assist the motor-engine or motor-engines at the other end of the said
tramcar or other vehicle in propelling such tramcar or other vehicle. By placing the
motor-engine or motor-engines at each end of the tramcar or other vehicle to be
propelled as above described we cause the tramcar or other vehicle to be better
balanced upon its wheels than when a motor-engine or motor-engines is or are as
hitherto placed at one end of the tramcar or other vehicle to be propelled.
According to a further part of our invention we in those cases in which the motor-
engine or motor-engines employed is or are placed at or near to one end of the
tramcar or other vehicle to be propelled so arrange the tank and the other vessel or
vessels or parts placed therein or connected thereto that the weight of such tank shall
keep the car properly balanced upon its wheels.
When tramcars or other vehicles have been propelled by means of motor-engines
actuated hy anhydrous ammonia or other elastic gas the motor-engine or motor-engines
employed has or have hitherto when carried by the tramcar or other vehicle to be
propelled thereby, been secured to the body of the tramcar or other vehicle. In such
arrangements the body of the tramcar or other vehicle not being capable of being
nade sufficiently rigid the straining of the body of the tramcar or other vehicle and
of the various parts of the motor-engine or motor-engines has been a source of
inconvenience in working and of damage to the tramcar or other vehicle and the
motor-engine or motor-engines. A further part of our invention consists in so con-
structing our motor-engine or motor-engines employed to propel a tramcar or other
vehicle that all the fixed parts of such motor-engine or motor-engines and the various
tanks and vessels connected therewith shall be combined into a structure or framework
which shall have the rigidity necessary for the efficient working of the motor-engine
or motor-engines and shall be capable of having the body of the tramcar or other
vehicle mounted thereon and secured thereto. In one method of carrying this part of
our invention into effect we cause the tank or vessel in which is contained the water
or other absorbent in which the exhaust ammonia or other exhaust gases from the
motor-engine or motor-engines is or are to be absorbed and the framework mounted
upon the wheels to form constituent parts of one rigid structure or framework upon
which the body of the tramcar or other vehicle may be secured and to which structure
or framework are secured bearings in which the crank shaft or crank shafts of the
motor-engine or motor-engines is or are mounted. This part of our invention enables
the tramcar or other vehicle to be better balanced upon the wheels by which it is
supported than the tramcars or vehicles hitherto propelled by motor engines actuated
by anhydrous ammonia or other clastic gases.
A further part of our invention consists in surrounding the cylinders and valve-
boxes of the motor-engines actuated by anhydrous ammonia or other elastic gases,
with the anhydrous ammonia or other elastic gas by which such motor-engines are to
be actuated. For this purpose we provide the cylinder and valve-box of each motor-
engine with "jackets" or chambers through which the anhydrous ammonia or other
elastic gas is caused to circulate in any convenient and suitable manner and by any
suitable means for the purpose of maintaining the equilibrium of temperature.
Dated this Fourth day of September 1889.

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in or connected with Certain Motor-engines Actuated
by Anhydrous Ammonia or other Elastic Gases, and in Tramcars
and other Vehicles to be Propelled by such Motor-engines.
We, JOHN HEATON of 41 Corporation Street, Manchester in the county of Lancaster,
Civil Engineer, and GEORGE HENRY HOLDEN of the same place, Civil Engineer, do
hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:
Our invention relates partly to those motor-engines actuated by anhydrous ammonia
or other similar elastic gases, such as carbonic acid, the "exhaust" of which is to he
absorbed by water or a weak solution of ammonia or any other solvent or absorbent
of the "exhaust" gases and our invention consists partly in arrangements by which
we lessen or prevent "back pressure and avoid producing the unpleasant and
objectionable noise hitherto produced when the "exhaust" is passing into the water
or weak solution of ammonia or other solvent or absorbent by which it is to he
absorbed.
3
Our invention also consists in combinations of mechanical parts by means of which
we prevent the escape of the ammonia or other elastic gases, from certain parts of
the motor-engines from causing danger or annoyance and enable certain parts of
the motor-engines to be inspected or repaired without it being necessary to allow the
water or weak solution of ammonia or other solvent or absorbent of the "exhaust"
gases to run off"
"
According to one arrangement of our invention we provide the "exhaust pipe" or
each of the exhaust pipes" with a pipe or pipes capable of being slidden thereon or
therein and such sliding pipe or each of such sliding pipes we provide with an
inverted dish or float beneath which the "exhaust pipe" terminates. When the
"exhaust" is taking place the inverted dish or float will float upon the surface of the
water or weak solution of ammonia or other solvent or absorbent of the "exhaust"
gases by which the "exhaust" is to be absorbed, and sustain the end of the sliding
pipe above the level of the liquid, the inverted dish or float causing the "exhaust
pass in contact with the water or weak solution of ammonia or other solvent or
absorbent of the "exhaust" gases so as to be absorbed thereby. As the level of the
water or weak solution of ammonia or other solvent or absorbent of the "exhaust"
gases rises the inverted dish or float will also rise and so keep the termination of the
sliding portion of the "exhaust pipe" above the level of the liquid.
" to
In the accompanying drawings Fig. 1 is a plan with certain parts removed, Fig. 2
is an end elevation seen in the direction indicated by the arrow A in Fig. 1 and with
certain parts removed and certain parts in section. Fig. 3 is an end elevation seen in
the direction indicated by the arrow B in Fig. 1, with certain parts omitted and with
certain parts in section. Fig. 4 is a side elevation with certain parts omitted and
certain parts in section seen in the direction indicated by the arrow C in Fig. 1.
The same letters of reference are applied to corresponding parts throughout the
whole of the figures of the drawings.
As certain of the parts employed are employed in duplicate we shall describe
one of such parts only and shall affix to corresponding parts similar letters of
reference.
According to one arrangement of this part of our invention we carry the "exhaust
pipe" a above the highest level that the water or weak solution of ammonia or other
solvent or absorbent of the exhaust gases will attain in the tank or vessel b. We form
upon the exhaust pipe a an enlarged portion a. Passing into the enlarged portion a¹
and free to be slidden longitudinally therein is a pipe c terminating in branch
pipes c¹ the ends of which are directed downwards.

page_text: To the pipes c¹ is secured an annular hollow float d. When the" exhaust" is taking
place the float d will float upon the surface of the water or weak solution of ammonia
or other solvent or absorbent of the exhaust gases contained in the tank b so as to
maintain the exhaust outlets c² above the surface of the liquid.
The water or weak solution of ammonia or other solvent or absorbent of the
"exhaust" gases by which the "exhaust" is to be absorbed we shall for convenience
hereinafter refer to as the "absorbent liquid."
As the level of the absorbent liquid in the tank brises the float d will also rise so as
to keep the termination c² of the sliding portion c of the exhaust pipe above the level
of the absorbent liquid thereby avoiding the back pressure" upon the motor engine
which occurs when the termination of the exhaust pipe is as in the arrangements
hitherto employed below the surface of the absorbent liquid.
Fig. 5 is a side view and Fig. 6 a plan showing another method of carrying out this
part of our invention. To the end of the exhaust pipe a we joint or hinge a pipe e to
which pipe e we secure a float f the underside of which float is formed as a dish or
basin beneath which is situate the outer end of the exhaust pipe, the dish or
basin directing the "exhaust." upon the surface of the absorbent liquid. As the
level of the absorbent liquid rises the pipe e and float f will be turned upon the joint e
so that the exit e' of the exhaust pipe e will be maintained above the surface of the
absorbent liquid. Instead of connecting the pipe e to the end of the exhaust pipe a
by means of a joint or hinge such as e² we in some cases connect the pipe e to the
exhaust pipe a by means of a "ball and socket joint" or other suitable swivel joint or
connect to the end of the exhaust pipe a a flexible pipe terminating beneath an
inverted dish or float similar to either of the dishes or floats d, f, above described and
in each of such cases we guide the inverted dish or float in any suitable manner.
In some cases we provide the exhaust pipe with a pipe or pipes y as shown in side
elevation, partly in section in Fig. 7 and in plan in Fig. 7a the lower end or ends of
such pipe or pipes g passing into the absorbent liquid.
When the exhaust gases are passing along the exhaust pipe the current of such
exhaust gases will draw a portion of absorbent liquid up the pipe g or pipes g the
liquid drawn up the pipe gor pipes g assisting in condensing the gases passing along
the exhaust pipe.
A further part of our invention consists in combinations of mechanical parts by
which we enable access to be readily obtained to the glands or stuffing boxes sur-
rounding the piston-rods or valve-rods of motor-engines of the kind to which our
invention relates in order that such glands or stuffing-boxes may be tightened or
packed whenever necessary without it being necessary to first run off the water
or other liquid from the vessels or tanks into which the "exhaust" gases from the
motor-engines pass and without causing danger or annoyance to arise from the
escape of ammonia or other gas when the motor-engines are at work.
*
We also
According to this part of our invention we enclose the glands or stuffing-boxes
of the piston-rod and valve-rod appertaining to each cylinder by a chamber in
which we place water or other liquid by which the ammonia or other gas passing
the glands or stuffing-boxes above mentioned will be absorbed.
We provide
stuffing-boxes or glands by means of which water or other liquid may be prevented
from escaping at the place where the piston-rod and valve-rod pass through the side of
the chamber. We provide the said chamber with taps or valves by means of which water
or other liquid may be supplied to or removed from such chamber.
provide such chamber with a cover or lid by the removal of which access is
obtained to the glands or stuffing-boxes for tightening or packing. The chamber
above mentioned surrounding the glands or stuffing-boxes of the piston-rod and
valve-rod of each of the motor-engines actuated by anhydrous ammonia or other elastic
gas is a chamber which is separated from and not communicating with the vessel or
tank containing the liquid employed to condense or absorb exhaust gas from the
motor-engines before mentioned. The chamber aforesaid may be emptied at any time
of water or other liquid without any loss of water or other liquid from the vessel or
tank into which the exhaust gases from the motor-engines pass.

page_text: A method of carrying out this portion of our invention is shown in Figs. 1, 2, 3,
and 4 of the drawings before referred to. is the cylinder and the valve-box.
Formed upon or secured to the cylinder is the gland or stuffing-box ¹ through
which the piston-rod 2 passes. Formed upon or secured to the valve-box i is a gland
or stuffing-box through which passes the valve-spindle 2. The gland or stuffing-
box of the piston-rod 2 and the gland or stuffing box i¹ of the valve-spindle 12 we
enclose within a chamber D formed within the tank by plates and the plates / of
the tank benclosing the motor-engines and certain other parts of the apparatus.
Where the piston-rod / passes through the side of the chamber D we form a gland or
stuffing box through which the piston-rod 3 passes and where the valve-rod
passes through the side of the chamber D we form a gland or stuffing-box ³ through
which the valve-rod i passes. The stuffing-boxes and prevent water or other
liquid from escaping where the piston-rol 2 and valve-rod pass through the side of
the chamber D. We provide the chamber D with taps or valves 1 by means of which
water or other liquid may be supplied to or removed from the chamber D. We also
provide the side of the chamber D with a cover or lid m by the removal of which
access is obtained to the glands or stuffing-boxes h, for tightening or packing. The
chamber I surrounding the gland or stuffing-hox ¹ of the piston-rod 2 and the gland
or stuffing-box ¹ of the valve-rod 2 is a chamber which is separate from and not
communicating with the vessel or tank 6 containing the liquid employed to condense
or absorb the exhaust gas from the motor-engines hefore mentioned. The chamber D
may be emptied at any time of water or other liquid without any loss of water or other
liquid from the vessel or tank & into which the exhaust gas from the motor-engines
passes, taking place.
According to another part of our invention we enclose the cylinder and valve-box
of each motor-engine actuated by anhydrous ammonia or other elastic gas in a
chamber in which we place charcoal, peroxide of iron or other material which will
absorb ammonia or other gas employed to actuate the motor-engine. This arrange-
ment enables access to the cylinder and valve-box to be obtained without necessitating
the running out of liquid from the chamber enclosing the cylinder and valve-bua. We
also propose to charge the chamber or chambers enclosing the cylinder and valve-
box in hot weather with a cooling or freezing mixture to keep the cylinder and
valve-box cool and in cold weather with any substance or material which will prevent
loss of heat.
A method of carrying this part of our invention into effect is shown in Figs. 1, 2, 3,
and 4 of the accompanying drawings. The cylinder h and valve-box i of each of the
motor-engines we enclose in a chamber E. We provide the chamber E with valves
or taps n by means of which water or other liquid can be removed from the chamber E.
We also provide the side of the chamber E with covers or lids by means of which
access may be had to the interior of the chamber E. The interior of the chamber E
may be filled with charcoal, peroxide of iron or other material which will absorb any
escaping ammonia or other gas. By means of the covers or lids o or the taps or
valves n we propose to charge the chainber E in hot weather with a cooling or freezing
mixture to keep the cylinder h and the valve-box i cool and in cold weather we
propose to charge the chamber E with any substance or material which will prevent
loss of heat.
When tramcars or other vehicles have been propelled by means of motor-engines
actuated by anhydrous ammonia or other elastic gas the motor-engine or motor-
engines employed has or have been hitherto placed at one end of the tramcar or
other vehicle. In consequence of the said motor-engine or motor-engines being so
placed it has been difficult to balance the tramcar or other vehicle upon the wheels
by which it is supported and the working of the motor-engine or motor-engines has
caused a disturbance of the balance of the tramcar or other vehicle. A further part
of our invention consists in arrangements by means of which we render the tramcar
or other vehicle to be propelled by the motor-engine or motor-engines actuated by
anhydrous ammonia or other elastic gas more readily balanced upon the wheels by
which it is supported and prevent the working of the motor-engine or motor-engines

page_text: from disturbing the balance of the tramcar or other vehicle as much as in the arrange-
ments heretofore employed.
According to this part of our invention we place a motor-engine or motor-engines
at each end of the tramcar or other vehicle to be propelled and provide a suitable
clutch or suitable clutches by means of which the motor-engine or motor-engines at
either end or the motor-engines at both ends of the tramear or other vehicle, may be
caused to impart rotary motion to a pair or pairs of the wheels of such tramcar or
other vehicle. The motor-engine or motor-engines at one end of the tramcar or other
vehicle is or are employed when such tramcar or other vehicle is to be propelled
in one direction and the motor-engine or motor-engines at the other end of the
tramcar or other vehicle is or are employed when the tramcar or other vehicle is to be
propelled in the opposite direction. When a steep gradient is being ascended or
whenever necessary or desirable the motor-engine or motor-engines at one end
of the tramcar or other vehicle may be employed to assist the motor-engine or
motor-engines at the other end of the said tramcar or other vehicle in propelling
such tramcar or other vehicle. By placing the motor-engine or motor-engines
at each end of the tramcar or other vehicle to be propelled as above described we
cause the tramcar or other vehicle to be better balanced upon its wheels than when a
motor-engine or motor-engines is or are as hitherto placed at one end of the tramcar
or other vehicle to be propelled.
This portion of our invention is illustrated by Fig. 8 of the accompanying draw-
ings which shows so much of a tramcar provided with motor-engines actuated by
means of anhydrous ammonia or other elastic gas as is requisite to illustrate this
portion of our invention.
At the end of the tramcar we place a motor-engine or motor-engines p and at
the end G of the said tramcar we place a motor-engine or motor-engines, the
weight of the motor-engine or motor-engines p balancing the weight of the motor-
engine or motor-engines g. The motor-engine or motor-engines p at times impart
rotary motion to the axle of the wheels of the tramear and the motor-engine or
motor-engines at times impart rotary motion to the axle of the wheels of the
tramcar.
We transmit rotary motion from the crank-shaft p¹ of the motor-engine or motor-
engines p to the axle of the wheels » of the tramcar by means of a "pitch" chain
or by means of any suitable gearing. We transmit rotary motion from the crank-
shaft g of the motor-engine or motor-engines q to the axle of the wheels s of the
tramcar by means of a "pitch "chain or by means of any suitable gearing, and
we provide each of the crank shafts p', 41, with suitable clutches by means of which
the motor-engine or motor-engines por q may be caused to impart rotary motion to
the axles of the wheels r, s, respectively.
The motor-engine or motor-engines p may be employed when the tramcar is to be
propelled in one direction and the motor-engine or motor-engines q may be employed
when the tramcar is to be propelled in the opposite direction. When the motor-
engine or motor-engines situate at one end of the tramcar is or are being employed
to propel the tramcar the motor-engine or motor-engines at the opposite end of the
said tramcar is or are disconnected from the axle to which it is or they are coupled
by means of one of the clutches before referred to.
When a steep gradient is being ascended or whenever necessary or desirable the
motor-engine or inotor-engines at one end of the tramcar may be employed to assist
the motor-engine or motor-engines at the other end of the tramcar in propelling such
tramcar. By placing the motor-engine or motor-engines p at one end of the tramcar
and placing the motor-engine or motor-engines q at the other end of the traincar we
cause the tramcar to be better balanced upon its wheels than when a motor-engine
or motor-engines is or are as hitherto placed at one end of the tramcar to be
propelled.
According to a further part of our invention we in those cases in which the
motor-engine or motor-engines employed is or are placed at or near to one end of
the tramcar or other vehicle to be propelled so arrange the tank and the other vessel

page_text: or vessels or parts placed therein or connected thereto that the weight of such tank
shall keep the car properly balanced upon its wheels.
In carrying this part of our invention into effect we make the tank or vessel
containing the water or weak solution of ammonia or other solvent or absorbent of
the exhaust gases of such capacity at the end more remote from the motor-engine or
motor-engines that the weight of such tank or vessel and the liquid contained therein
shall counterbalance the weight of the said motor-engine or motor-engines. When
tramcars or other vehicles have been propelled by means of motor-engines actuated
by anhydrous ammonia or other elastic gas the motor-engine or motor-engines
employed has or have hitherto when carried by the tramcar or other vehicle to be
propelled thereby, been secured to the body of the tramcar or other vehicle. In such
arrangements the body of the tramcar or other vehicle not being capable of being
made sufficiently rigid the straining of the body of the tramcar or other vehicle and
the various parts of the motor-engine or motor-engines has been a source of
inconvenience in working and of damage to the tramcar or other vehicle and the
motor-engine or motor-engines. A further part of our invention consists in
so constructing our motor-engine or motor-engines employed to propel a tramcar or
other vehicle that all the fixed parts of such motor-engine or motor-engines and the
various tanks and vessels connected therewith shall be combined into a structure or
framework which shall have the rigidity necessary for the efficient working of the
motor-engine or motor-engines and shall be capable of having the body of the tramcar
or other vehicle mounted thereon and secured thereto. In one method of carrying
this part of our invention into effect we cause the tank or vessel in which is contained
the water or other absorbent in which the exhaust ammonia or other exhaust gases
from the motor-engine or motor-engines is or are to be absorbed and the framework
mounted upon the wheels to form constitutent parts of one rigid structure or frame-
work upon which the body of the tramcar or other vehicle may be secured and to
which structure or framework are secured bearings in which the crank-shaft or crank-
shafts of the motor-engine or motor-engines is or are mounted.
This part of our invention enables the tramcar or other vehicle to be better
balanced upon the wheels by which it is supported than the tramcars or vehicles
hitherto propelled by motor-engines actuated by anhydrous ammonia or other
elastic gases.
This part of our invention is shown in Figs. 9, 10, and 11 of the accompanying
drawings, Fig. 9 being a side elevation Fig. 10 a plan and Fig. 11 an elevation
partly in section, showing so much of a tramcar or other vehicle as is requisite to
illustrate this part of our invention. Upon the axles of the traincar or other vehicle
we mount a frainework t formed of wood or metal or a combination of wood and
metal. Supported by and secured to the framework t is the tank or vessel b in which
is contained the water or other absorbent in which the exhaust ammonia or other
exhaust gases from the motor-engine or motor-engines is or are to be absorbed. The
tank or vessel b is secured to the framework t by means of brackets u.
The tank or
vessel and the framework t are secured together so as to form one rigid structure
or framework upon which the body of the tramcar or other vehicle may be placed
and to which structure or framework are secured bearings in which the crank-shaft
or crank-shafts of the motor-engine or motor-engines is or are mounted.
This part of our invention enables the tramcar or other vehicle to be better
balanced upon the wheels by which it is supported than tramcars or vehicles
hitherto propelled by motor-engines actuated by anhydrous ammonia or other elastic
gases.
A further part of our invention consists in surrounding the cylinders and valve-
boxes of the motor-engines actuated by anhydrous ammonia or other elastic gases,
with the anhydrous ammonia or other elastic gas by which such motor-engines are
to be actuated. For this purpose we provide the cylinder and valve-box of each
motor-engine with "jackets" or chambers through which the anhydrous ammonia
or other elastic gas is caused to circulate in any convenient and suitable manner

page_text: and by any suitable means for the purpose of maintaining the equilibrium of
temperature.
This part of our invention is shown in Figs. 1 and 2, of the accompanying
drawings.
Communicating with the vessel or cylinder containing the anhydrous ammonia or
other elastic gas by which the motor-engine is to be actuated is one end of a pipe v
the other end of which communicates with the interior of a jacket or casing w formed
around or partially around the valve-box i and cylinder of one of the motor-engines
employed to actuate the tramcar or other vehicle. Communicating at one end with
the interior of the jacket w is a pipe & the other ond of which pipe a communicates
with the interior of the vessel or cylinder which contains the anhydrous ammonia or
other clastic gas by which the motor-engine is to be actuated. By means of the
pipe jacket w and pipe, anhydrous ammonia or other elastic gas will circulate
around the valve-box i and cylinder h and maintain an equilibrium of temperature in
the valve-box and cylinder h.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said Inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed we declare that what we
claim is :-
1. In motor-engines actuated by anhydrous ammonia or other similar elastic gases
the "exhaust" of which is to be absorbed by water or a weak solution of ammonia or
any other solvent or absorbent of the exhaust gases, the arrangement hereinbefore
described for lessening or preventing "back pressure" and avoiding the production
of unpleasant and objectionable noise when the "exhaust" is passing into the water
or weak solution of ammonia or other solvent or absorbent by which it is to be
absorbed which arrangement consists in an inverted lish or float arranged to float
upon the surface of the water or weak solution of ammonia or other solvent or
absorbent of the exhaust gases and cause the exhaust gases to pass in contact with the
water or weak solution of ammonia or other solvent or absorbent of the exhaust gases,
and connected to the exhaust pipe by means of a sliding pipe, substantially as herein-
before described in reference to and indicated in and by Figs. 1, 2, 3, and 4 of the
accompanying drawings, by means of a hinged or jointed pipe substantially as
herein before described in reference to and indicated in and by Figs. 5 and 6 of the
accompanying drawings or by means of a pipe connected to the "exhaust" pipe by a
"ball and socket joint" or other suitable swivel joint or a flexible pipe substantially
as hereinbefore described.
2. In motor-engines actuated by anhydrous ammonia or other similar elastic gases
the "exhaust" of which is to be absorbed by water or a weak solution of ammonia or
any other solvent or absorbent of the exhaust gases the hereinbefore described
arrangements which enable access to be readily obtained to the glands or stuffing
boxes surrounding the piston-rods or valve-rods of such motor-engines without it
being necessary to first "run off" the water or weak solution of ammonia or other
liquid from the vessels or tanks into which the exhaust gases from the motor-engines
pass and without cansing danger or annoyance to arise from the escape of ammonia
or other gas when the motor-engines are at work which arrangements consist in a
chamber such as the chamber D shown in and described in reference to Figs. 1, 2, 3,
and 4 of the accompanying drawings, surrounding the glands or stuffing boxes of
the piston-rod and valve-rod appertaining to each cylinder and containing water or
other liquid by which the ammonia or other gas passing the said glands or stuffing-
boxes will be absorbed.
3. In motor-engines actuated by anhydrous ammonia or other similar elastic gases
the exhaust" of which is to be absorbed by water or a weak solution of ammonia or
any other solvent or absorbent of the exhaust gases, the bereinbefore described
arrangements which enable access to the cylinders and valve-boxes of such motor-
engines to be obtained without it being necessary to run liquid out of the chambers
enclosing the cylinders and valve-boxes, which arrangements consist in a chamber
such as the chamber E shown in and described in reference to Figs. 1, 2 3, and 4 of
B

page_text: the accompanying drawings, surrounding the cylinder and valve-box of each motor-
engine and containing charcoal, peroxide of iron or other material which will absorb
any ammonia or other gas escaping.
4. In motor-engines actuated by anhydrous ammonia or other similar elastic gases
the "exhaust" of which is to be absorbed by water or a weak solution of ammonia or
any other solvent or absorbent of the exhaust gases the hereinbefore described
arrangements which enable access to the cylinders and valve-boxes of such motor-
engines to be obtained without it being necessary to run liquid out of the chambers
enclosing the cylinders and valve-boxes which arrangements consist in a chamber
such as the chamber E shown in and described in reference to Figs. 1, 2, 3, and 4 of
the accompanying drawings surrounding the cylinder and valve-box of each motor-
engine and containing charcoal, peroxide of iron or other material which will absorb
any escaping ammonia or other gas and supplied in hot weather with a cooling or
freezing mixture to keep the cylinder and valve-box cool and in cold weather with
any substance or material which will prevent loss of heat from occurring.
5. A tramcar or other vehicle such as is hereinbefore described provided at each
end for the purposes hereinbefore described with a motor-engine or motor-engines
actuated by anhydrous ammonia or other similar elastic gas.
6. In a tramcar or other vehicle to he propelled by a motor-engine or motor-
engines of the kind hereinbefore described situate at one end of the tramcar or other
vehicle and actuated by anhydrous ammonia or other similar elastic gases, the
"exhaust" from which is to be absorbed by water or a weak solution of ammonia or
any other solvent or absorbent of the exhaust gases, contained in a tank or vessel,
the arrangement of the motor-engine or motor-engines and the said tank or vessel so
that by the weight of such tank or vessel and the liquid contained therein counter-
balancing the weight of the motor-engine or motor-engines substantially as
hereinbefore described, the tramcar or other vehicle shall be properly balanced upon
its wheels.
7. In a tramcar or other vehicle to be propelled by a motor-engine or motor-
engines of the kind hereinbefore described actuated by anhydrous ammonia or other
similar clastic gases, the "exhaust" from which is to be absorbed by water or a weak
solution of ammonia or any other solvent or absorbent of the exhaust gases contained
in a tank or vessel, the arrangement consisting in the fixed parts of the motor-engine
or motor-engines, the said tank or vessel and the framework mounted upon the wheels
of the trancar or other vehicle connected together substantially as hereinbefore
described in reference to and indicated in and by Figs. 9, 10, and 11 of the
accompanying drawings and for the purpose of forming a structure or framework
which shall have the rigidity necessary for the efficient working of the motor-engine
or motor-engines and shall be capable of having the body of the tramcar or other
vehicle mounted thereon and secured thereto.
8. Motor-engines of the kind hereinbefore described actuated by anhydrous
ammonia or other similar elastic gases and provided with jackets or chambers around
the cylinders and valve-boxes substantially as berein before described and so that such
cylinders and valve-boxes may for the purpose herein before described be surrounded
by the anhydrous ammonia or other similar elastic gases to be employed to actuate
the motor-engine or motor-engines.
Dated this Fourth day of June 1800