Improvements in and relating to Pneumatic Tyres and the Method of Fastening the same to the Rims of Wheels.
Year: 1892

page_text: Date of Application, 14th Nov., 1892
Complete Specification Left, 2nd Jan., 1893-Accepted, 4th Feb., 1893
PROVISIONAL, SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and relating to Pneumatic Tyres and the Method
of Fastening the same to the Rims of Wheels.
We, SYDNEY SMITH, of 101 South Woodside Road, Glasgow, Cycle Maker,
THOMAS DUNN GLEN, 52 Park Road, Glasgow, Cycle Agent, and WILLIAM
PURVIS, of 186 Henderson Street, Glasgow, Cycle Maker, do hereby declare the
nature of this invention to be as follows :-
This invention relates to pneumatic tyres and the method of securing the same
to the rims of wheels.
The wheel rim we prefer to use, is made in cross section either flat or convex and
with a turned over edge or beading at either side. The pneumatic tyre consists of
an ordinary rubber tube inflated with air, over which a canvas covering is secured.
The canvas covering is preferably covered with indiarubber so as to form the tread
of the tyre. One edge of the rubber cover with its canvas lining is secured to one
side of the rim by lacing, bolting, wiring or the like, so as to be fixed rigidly to
the rim. Or this side may be secured to the interior surface of the rim by a
ribbon of steel or by a wire, cord, chain or the like. The opposite edge of the
cover or tread has a wire, chain or cord inserted either in a fold or lap of the
canvas or in the rubber itself. This wire may extend right round the rim of
the wheel, and the ends may be connected at any suitable part by means of a screw
nipple or by twisting the ends of the wires together.
The method of securing the tyre to the rim is as follows:-The interior rubber
tube, which may or may not be covered with canvas, is first sprung on to the rim
of the wheel, and then one edge of the cover is firmly secured, in the manner herein-
before explained, to the inner surface of the rim. The cover, with the wire in its
other edge, is then laid right over the top of the tube and secured in position by
springing the wire ring over the beading. The cover is now held securely in place,
being attached by the fastening at one side, and the wire at the other side, to the
inside of the rim. The cover cannot now come off as the beadings hold it firmly in
place and prevent any possibility of the tyre shifting from its position.
If so desired, a wire or equivalent may be inserted in the canvas or the rubber
on both sides of the cover or tread. In this case, both sides of the cover would be
sprung into place inside the beadings.
If it is desired at any time, in the case of puncture or the like, to gain access to
the inner tube so as to repair it, all that is necessary is to insert a small lever or
bar between the wire and the beading, so as to spring the wire out of its position
and thereby release one side of the cover, so that it can be bent right over and the
inner tube exposed to view. Repairs can, with this tyre, be easily effected in two
or three minutes.
Our invention has the following merits among others :-
1. That the fastenings are at the inside of the rim, and therefore they are not
liable to be cut or abraided, nor is mud or moisture liable to gain access to them.
2. That as the rim is flat or slightly convex, the inner tube has an even surface
or seat to rest on.

page_text: 3. That the construction of rim and method of securing the cover or tread,
affords every facility for lateral expansion when running.
4. That the tyre can be fitted on to the rim in a few minutes.
5. That the tyre can be taken off the rim in a few minutes.
6. That one side of the cover can be easily taken off, so as to afford easy access
to the interior tube.
7. That, when the tyre is once secured in position, it cannot displace itself.
8. That there is little or no possibility of the rim cutting the inner tube or
cover.
We are aware that wires have been used for securing the covers of tyres to the
outside of the rim, and it is to be understood that we never depart from our method
of securing the covers to the inside of the rim.
We prefer in all cases, to have one side of the cover permanently secured to the
rim, whilst the other side is removable for the purpose of repairing, at any time,
although both sides may be removable.
Dated this 12th day of November 1892.
H. D. FITZPATRICK,
70, Wellington Street, Glasgow, Agent.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and relating to Pneumatic Tyres and the Method
of Fastening the same to the Rims of Wheels.
We, SYDNEY SMITH, of 101 South Woodside Road, Glasgow, Cycle Maker,
THOMAS DUNN GLEN 52 Park Road Glasgow, Cycle Agent, and WILLIAM
PURVIS of 186 Henderson Street, Glasgow, Cycle Maker, do hereby declare the
nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
This invention relates to pneumatic tyres and the method of securing the same
to the rims of wheels.
The wheel rim we prefer to use is made in cross section either flat or convex and
with a turned over edge beading at either side. The pneumatic tyre consists of an
ordinary rubber tube inflated with air, over which a canvas covering is secured.
The canvas covering is preferably covered with india-rubber so as to form the
tread of the tyre. One edge of the rubber cover with its canvas lining is secured
to one side of the rim by lacing, belting, wiring or the like, so as to be fixed rigidly
to the rim. Or this side may be secured to the interior surface of the rim by a
ribbon of steel or by a wire, cord, chain, or the like. The opposite edge of the
cover or tread has a wire, chain or cord inserted either in a fold or lap of the
canvas or in the rubber itself. This wire may extend right round the rim of
the wheel, and the ends may be connected at any suitable part by means of a
screw nipple or a simple nipple or by twisting the ends of the wires together.
The method of securing the tyre to the rim is as follows:-The interior rubber
tube, which may or may not be covered with canvas, is first sprung on to the rim
of the wheel, and then one edge of the cover is firmly secured, in the manner
hereinbefore explained, to the inner surface of the rim. The cover, with the wire
in its other edge, is then laid right over the top of the tube and is secured in
position by springing the wire ring over the beading. The cover is now held
securely in place, being attached by the fastening at one side, and the wire at
the other side, to the inside of the rim. The cover cannot now come off as the
beadings hold it firmly in place and prevent any possibility of the tyre shifting
from its position.
If it is desired at any time, in the case of puncture or the like, to gain access to
the inner tube so as to repair it, all that is necessary is to insert a small lever or
bar between the wire and the beading, so as to spring the wire out of its position

page_text: and thereby release one side of the cover, so that it can be bent right over and the
inner tube exposed to view. Repairs can, with this tyre, be easily effected in two
or three minutes.
Our invention has the following merits among others :-
1. That the fastenings are at the inside of the rim, and therefore they are not
liable to be cut or abraided, nor is mud or moisture liable to gain access to them.
2. That, as the rim is flat or slightly convex, the inner tube has an even surface
or seat to rest on.
3. That the construction of rim and method of securing the cover or tread, affords
every facility for lateral expansion when running.
4. That the tyre can be fitted on to the rim in a few minutes.
5. That the tyre can be taken off the rim in a few minutes.
6. That one side of the cover can be easily taken off, so as to afford easy access
to the interior tube.
7. That, when the tyre is once secured in position, it cannot displace itself.
8. That there is little or no possibility of the rim cutting the inner tube or cover.
We are aware that wires have been used for securing the cover of a tyre to the
outside of a rim, and also to the inside of a rim and it is to be understood that we
never depart from our method herein set forth of securing the covers to the inside
of the rims.
We in all cases, have one side of the cover permanently secured to the rim, whilst
the other side is removable for the purpose of repairing, at any time.
And in order that our said invention may be properly understood we have here-
unto appended an explanatory sheet of drawings, whereon
Fig. 1 is a section of our tyre and rim showing one method of fastening.
Fig. 2 shows a different method of fastening the tyre to the rim.
Fig. 3 shows a third method of fastening the tyre to the rim.
Fig. 4 shows a fourth method of fastening the tyre to the rim.
Fig. 5 is a detail sectional view.
Referring to the drawings whereon the same reference letters wherever repeated
indicate similar or like parts.
a is the usual rubber tube which is inflated with air. b is the usual canvas
covering for the tube a. c is the usual rubber tread. dis the rim which is made
with two beaded edges h, . e¹ are spokes.
As will be seen the rim d is formed on the inner circumference with two bent
over edges or beadings h, ' into one of which, in Fig. 1, one side of the covering b, c
is inserted. A chain, or a cord or equivalent may be inserted in a lap or fold of
the canvas band be extended right round the tyre. The ends of the chain may
be passed through the beading and the canvas and be hooked together as shown
at g, Fig. 1. By passing the chain through the beading the tyre is prevented
from "creeping".e. from shifting round the rim. The beading holds the right
hand side of the cover b, c firmly in place and so that it cannot be easily moved.
At the opposite side of the cover b, c a wire, cord, or chain e, or equivalent is
passed through a lap or fold in the canvas. This wire extends right round the
tyre and its ends may be joined by a nipple or otherwise.
The rim is or may be made with a central channel o which extends right round it
and which is for the reception of the heads of the spokes. By using a channel the
inner tube a, when inflated, can lie perfectly flat on the rim and it is not liable to be
abraded or torn by the spokes.
The
In fitting the tyre to the rim, the side of the cover, at f, is first inserted into
the inside of the beading hand the chain or equivalent stretched taut, and secured.
Then the inner tube a is fitted on the rim and the cover brought down over it.
The wired side e of the cover is now sprung into place over the beading h
cover is now firmly held in place and the inner tube can be inflated, when the tyre
will assume the appearance shown at Fig. 1. The left or wired side of the cover
can be easily taken off for repairing the inner tube. If preferred the inner tube a
may be first sprung on the rim and then the cover secured in place.

page_text: In Fig. 2 a different method of securing the right hand side of the tyre is shown.
In this fig. a strip of steel or other metal; is inserted in a fold of the canvas b and
the right hand side i of the periphery of the rim, instead of being beaded over as
shown at Fig. 1, is bent over so as to firmly grip and hold the plate and canvas in
place. This method of holding the one side of the cover in place is a very
secure one.
In Fig. 3 the rim is showu with triangular shaped beadings h, h¹ and the cover
is secured firmly at one side by means of two canvas flaps m, n (see Fig. 5) in a
fold in the ends of which wire or other cores are fitted. The two flaps, which are
continuous right round the cover, are inserted, one at a time, in the inside of the
beading h¹. When the tyre is inflated the flaps cannot come out through the
narrow opening p left between the beading and the rim which is only large enough
to allow for the passage of a single flap at a time, as they are pulled close
together so as to form a thick double ridge or rib too large for the opening. If it
is desired, however, to take them out at any time the tyre is deflated and the flaps
are pulled out one at a time.
In Fig. 4 one side of the cover is held in place by means of a band or ribbon of
steel or other metal k which is rivetted or screwed to the rim d by rivets or
screws. The ribbon k presses on the cover b, c and holds it firmly and securely
in place.
In all cases with our invention one side of the cover is fixed firmly in position on
the inside of the rim and the other is removable so as to be taken off for repairs etc.
A thin strip of metal n' or a wire or equivalent is or may be pinned to the rim.
When securing the wired side e of the cover in place the strip n is turned round
so as to grip and hold it in place at one part whilst the other parts are being forced
into position. Figs. 1 and 3 show the strip in the two positions.
The fixed side of the cover may be secured to the rim by lacing, or wiring if so
desired.
If desired the wires, chains etc. may be embedded in the rubber cover, instead of
folded in the canvas.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what we
claim is
.
1. The method of fastening pneumatic tyres to the rims of vehicles by means
of a cover which is rigidly secured, at one side, to the inner circumference of the
rim, and is, at the other side, so held in place by means of a wire or other
equivalent core as to be easily removable, substantially as and for the advantages
herein before set forth.
2. The combination with a rim having beadings (h, ¹) on its inner circumference
of a cover held securely in place to the inside of said rim at one side and removably
fitted at the other, substantially as hereinbefore set forth.
3. The different methods of fastening the tyre to the rim substantially as herein-
before described and shown on the drawings annexed.
Dated this 31st day of December 1892.
H. D. FITZPATRICK,
70, Wellington Street, Glasgow, Agent.