Year: 1888

page_text: Date of Application, 11th Feb., 1888
Complete Specification Left, 10th Nov., 1888
Complete Specification Accepted, 21st Dec., 1888
I, ARMAND C. IWANOWSKI, of Malaia Dmitrovka, No. 12, Moscow, in the
Empire of Russia Gentleman do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be
as follows:-
The apparatus forming the subject of the present invention has been designed for
automatically indicating and preventing fires in dwellings, store-rooms, shops and
the like.
This apparatus begins to act at every increase of temperature (by fire breaking
out) above a predetermined limit to which the apparatus is adjusted. At the same
time the apparatus not only indicates the increase of heat, but also sets in action an
alarm-bell, and any other kind of signal that may be used. Moreover, the apparatus
can serve for preventing dangers in general, as it allows of the alarm-bell being set in
action by simply pressing a button. Owing to its cheapness and simplicity of
construction the said apparatus can be used for any suitable purpose besides, it is not
subject to damage from the action of the air or any other influence. In case of
damage done to the same intentionally, it immediately sets in action the alarm-bell
and other signals.
The apparatus consists of a hermetically soldered metallic vessel or case of any
desired shape, provided with a solid bottom of conical or other form, and with solid
sides. The top part opposite to the bottom of the apparatus, on the contrary, is thin,
and acts as a flexible diaphragm as will be hereinafter described. In the centre of
the diaphragm is soldered a metal disc or plate and at the outside of the vessel or
case are fixed two supports whereon is fixed on a layer of some insulating material,
the iron cross bar provided in the middle with an aperture, through which passes
(without touching the cross bar) the end of a contact-screw. This screw is fixed in a
nut soldered to the elastic plate, one end of which is fixed by means of a layer of
insulating material to the cross bar, whilst its other end is provided with a hammer
reposing on the platina plate which is soldered to the said cross bar. The fixed end
of the elustic plate is provided with the clamping screw for fastening the conducting
wire; another clamp is fixed to the end of the cross bar and, lastly, a third clamp to
the side of the vessel or case.

page_text: The wires held by the clamps are connected one, for instance with the positive pole
of a galvanic battery, and the other with the negative pole of the same battery. In
the circuit of the conductors is included an electro-magnet, whose armature holds in
its place the catch of the mechanism which sets in motion the alarm-bell; and in the
circuit of the conductor on the case is included an ordinary number board or tale-
table, indicating the room from which the signal is coming.
The vessel is soldered in such condition, that the pressure of the air contained in
the same is equal to one atmosphere at a temperature of 0° C. It is evident that
with every increase of heat the pressure of the air in the apparatus likewise increases,
in consequence whereof the thin side or diaphragm will become inflated and when the
heat reaches a determined limit, for instance 50° C., the disc, being the top point of
the diaphragm will come in contact with the screw and raise the same, and,
consequently, also the elastic plate, whereby the hammer likewise is lifted from the
platina plate. Thus the circuit of the conductors is interrupted, and the electro-
magnet included in this circuit releases the catch of the mechanism of the alarm-boll,
which is set ringing. At the same time, owing to the contact between the screw and
the diaphragm the circuit of the conductors secured to the top and side of the case
respectively is closed wherein is included the number-board, and on the latter appears
the sign indicating in what room the temperature has undergone an abnormal
increase.
Of course several of the above described apparatuses may be combined with one
alarm-bell and one common number-board, and such combinations can be varied at
pleasure and established according to the general rules for the arrangement of
electric signals.
It must be observed, however, that the above described combination of electric
conductors presonts one characteristic peculiarity consisting in the fact, that the
alarm-bell is set in action at each interruption of the circuit in which it is included.
Owing to this circumstance every intentional or accidental disorder in the apparatus
or the conductors is immediately signalized by the alarm-bell.
It is easily understood that it is possible to set the alarm-bell in action not by
interruption but by closing the circuit, and to use instead of galvanic batteries all
other sources of electricity, such as dynamo-machines, accumulators and the like.
Or the apparatus itself can be provided with a small inductor with a clock-work, which
is put in action by the rising of the diaphragın, and sends the current to the signal-
contrivances.
Dated this 10th day of February 188K

page_text: 1, ARMAND C. IWANOWSKI, of Malain Dmitrovka, No. 12, Moscow, Russia,
Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement :-
The apparatus forming the subject of the present invention has been designed for
automatically indicating and preventing fires in dwellings, store-rooms shops, and
the like.
This apparatus begins to act at every increase of temperature by fire breaking out
above a predetermined limit to which the apparatus is adjusted. At the same time
the apparatus not only indicates the increase of heat, but also sets in action an alarni-
bell and any other kind of signal that may be used. Moreover, the apparatus can
serve for preventing dangers in general, as it allows of the alarm-bell being set in
action by simply pressing a button. Owing to its cheapness and simplicity of con-
struction the said apparatus can be used for any suitable purpose besides it is not
subject to damage from the action of the air or any other influence. In case of
daniage done to the same intentionally, it immediately sets in action the alarm-bell and
other signals.
In the accompanying drawing
Figure 1 is a section and
Figure 2 a plan of my improved apparatus.
The apparatus consists of a hermetically soldered metallic vessel or case A, of any
desired shape provided with a solid bottom B of conical or other suitable form, and
with solid sides. The top part C, opposite to the bottom of the apparatus, on the
contrary is thin, and acts as a flexible diaphragm as will be hereinafter described. In
the centre of the diaphragm C is soldered a metal disc or plate D, and at the outside
of the vessel or case A are fixed two supports P and R, whereon is fixed on a layer of
some insulating material K and L the iron cross bar H J, provided in the middle
with an aperture, through which passes without touching the cross bar the end of a
contact-screw F. This screw is fixed in a nut soldered to the elastic plate E, one
end of which is fixed, by means of a layer of insulating material to the cross bar HJ,
whilst its other end is provided with a hammer S reposing on the platina plate G,
which is soldered to the said cross bar H J, the fixed end of the elastic plate E is
provided with the clamping screw T for fastening the conducting wire; another
clamp Z is fixed to the ond of the cross bar H J, and, lastly, a third clamp U to the
side of the vessel or case A.
The wires M and N held by the clamp Z and T are connected, one, for instance M
with the positive, pole of a galvanic battery, and the other N in the clamp T with
the negative pole of the same battery. In the circuit of the conductors M N is
included an electro-magnet, whose armature holds in its place the catch of the
mechanism which sets in motion the alarm-bell; and in the circuit of the conductor on
the case is included an ordinary number board or tale-table, indicating the room from
which the signal is coming:

page_text: The vessel A is soldered in such condition, that the pressure of the air contained in
the same is equal to one atmosphere at a temperature of 0° C. It is evident that with
every increase of heat the pressure of the air in the apparatus likewise increases in
consequence whereof the thin side or diaphragm C will become inflated and when
the heat reaches a determined limit, for instance 50° C, the disc D, being the top
point of the diaphragm, will come in contact with the screw F and raise the same,
and, consequently, also the elastic plate E, whereby the hammer S likewise is lifted
from the platina plate G. Thus the circuit of the conductors M N is interrupted, and
the electro-magnet included in the circuit releases the catch of the mechanism of the
alarm-bell, which is set ringing. At the same time, owing to the contact between
the screw F and the diaphragm C the circuit of the conductors N and O, wherein is
included the number-board, and on the latter appears the sign indicating in what
room the temperature has undergone an abnormal increase.
Of course several of the above described apparatuses may be combined with one
alarm-bell and one common number-board, and such combinations can be varied at
pleasure and established according to the general rules for the arrangement of electric
signals.
It must be observed, however, that the above described combination of electric con-
ductors presents one characteristic peculiarity consisting in the fact, that the alarm-
hell is set in action at each interruption of the circuit in which it is included. Owing
to this circumstance every intentional or accidental disorder in the apparatus or the
conductors is immediately signalized by the alarm-bell.
It is easily understood that it is possible to set the alarm bell in action not by
interruption, but by closing the circuit, and to use instead of galvanic batteries all
other sources of electricity, such as dynamo-machines, accumulators and the like. Or
the apparatus itself can be provided with a small inductor with a clock-work, which
is put in action by the rising of the diaphragm C, and sends the current to the signal-
contrivances.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what 1
claim is :-
A self-acting apparatus for indicating and preventing fire, consisting of a herme-
tically closed vessel or case, one side of which is thin and serves as a flexible diaphragm
for automatically interrupting and closing of the signal-circuit and setting in action
an alarm-bell and any other signal apparatus, in consequence of an increase of
pressure inside the vessel owing to an increase of heat.
Dated this 10th day of November 1888.