IMPROVEMENTS IN THE TREATMENT OF CERTAIN WASTE MATERIALS AND IN APPARATUS THEREFOR
Year: 1882

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Edward Davies of 323 High Holborn in the county
of Middlesex for an Invention of IMPROVEMENTS IN THE TREATMENT OF
CERTAIN WASTE MATERIALS AND IN APPARATUS THEREFOR
33
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Edward Davies at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 24th October 1882.
EDWARD DAVIES of 323 High Holborn in the County of Middlesex,
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE TREATMENT OF CERTAIN WASTE MATERIALS AND IN
APPARATUS THEREFOR
The object of this invention is the utilization of the waste materials known as
"spent hops" so that the said hops may be used again and the bitters & cetera
contained therein utilized a great saving being thereby effected.
Where there is an excess of moisture in the spent hops I prefer to pass them first
through a machine consisting of two (or if necessary more) rolls fed from a hopper;
in the hopper may be placed trimmers or wings to loosen the hops which would
then pass between the rolls. These are by preference placed one over the other the
bottom roll being a hollow perforated cylinder to enable the liquid expressed by
the rolls to pass through the perforations to the inside of the roll whence it can be
drained off in any convenient manner. This bottom roll may be formed for
example of discs or segments secured upon a shaft and covered with perforated
galvanized iron or suitable wire gauze. From this machine when used, or direct
when not used, the spent hops would be passed to the drying machine which may
be of any suitable construction or as follows:
This drying machine consists preferably of a cylinder of galvanized iron or
other suitable material and may be stationary or caused to revolve or oscillate by
any well known means. Upon a shaft that runs through the cylinder I fix
a worm or knives or wings to loosen and propel the hops along the inside of the
cylinder; the shaft may be solid or hollow and the cylinder may be heated in any
convenient manner say by gas, as with Bunsen burners or otherwise, as by steam
or hot air or from a fire.

page_text: From the drying machine the hops pass to the loosening or separating machine
a convenient form for which is a galvanized iron cylinder either plain or perforated
according to circumstances, or covered with wire ganze; this cylinder may be
stationary or caused to revolve or oscillate. Upon a solid or hollow shaft are
secured wire or other suitable brushes beaters or wings and the shaft will revolve
inside the cylinder at a proper speed to thoroughly loosen and separate the hops
ready for use.
Any suitable form of framework-by preference tubular-may be used for the
machines and they may be driven by belts or gearing, friction pulleys or the like.
Steam or other power is usually required but in some cases with small machines
hand power can be employed.
•
"
•
After passing the last machine the hops can be bagged ready for use.
Reasonable modifications of the above can of course be made without departing
from the spirit of the invention.

page_text: "
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said Edward Davies in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 24th April
1883.
EDWARD DAVIES of 323 High Holborn in the County of Middlesex,
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE TREATMENT OF CERTAIN WASTE MATERIALS AND IN
APPARATUS THEREFOR."
te
"
The object of this invention is the utilization of the waste material known as
spent hops" so that the said hops may be used again and the bitters &c contained
1herein utilized, a great saving being thereby effected.
Where there is an excess of moisture in the spent hops I prefer to pass them
first through a machine consisting of two (or if necessary more) rolls fed from a
hopper; in the hopper may be placed trimmers or wings or equivalent to loosen
the hops which would then pass between the rolls.
These are by preference placed one over the other the bottom roll being a hollow
perforated cylinder to enable the liquid expressed by the rolls to pass through the
perforations to the inside of the roll whence it can be drained off in any convenient
manner. This bottom roll may be formed for example of discs or segments secured
upon a shaft and covered with perforated galvanized iron or a suitable wire gauze.
From this machine when used, or direct when not used, the spent hops would be
passed to the drying machine which may be of any suitable construction, or as
follows.
This drying machine consists preferably of a cylinder of galvanized iron or other
suitable material and may be stationary or caused to revolve or oscillate by any
well known means. Upon a shaft that runs through the cylinder I fix a worm or
knives or wings to loosen and propel the hops along the inside of the cylinder; the
shaft may be solid or hollow and the cylinder may be heated in any convenient
manner, say by gas, as with a Bunsen burner, or otherwise as by steam or hot air
or from a fire.
From the drying machine the hops pass to the loosening or separating machine a
convenient form for which is a galvanized iron cylinder either plain or perforated
according to circumstances or covered with wire gauze; this cylinder may be
stationary, or caused to revolve or oscillate. Upon a solid or hollow shaft are
secured wire or other suitable brushes beaters or wings and the shaft will revolve
inside the cylinder at a proper speed to thoroughly loosen and separate the hops
ready for use.
Any suitable form of framework, by preference tubular, may be used for the
machines and they may be driven by belts or gearing, friction pulleys or the like.
Steam or other power is usually required but in some cases with small machines
hand power can be employed.
After passing through the last machine the hops can be bagged ready for use.
Reasonable inodifications of the above can of course be made without departing
from the spirit of the invention.
Reference being had to the accompanying drawings in which like letters of
reference represent like parts Figure 1 is a front elevation of the machine. Figure 2
a back elevation. Figure 3 a plan, Figure 4 a longitudinal section of the drying
cylinder with a long Bunsen burner underneath and Figure 5 a longitudinal section
of the separating cylinder. The apparatus will be best understood from the plan
Figure 3. A is the drying cylinder and B the separating cylinder C is a hopper
across which are two slowly revolving shafts C and C having arms or equivalent
C to separate the hops and keep them from forming into lumps or balls. A grating

page_text: is placed across the hopper just over the top shaft and upon this the hops are placed
the arms C³ in revolving come up through the spaces in the grating between the bars
of which it is preferably formed and as they descend they draw in with them some of
the hops to the lower portion of the hopper, so that a regular feed is the result
instead of the hops falling in in a lump as would be the case if this or a similar
device were not employed. This is shewn in Figures 1 and 3 where P is the
grating. A spout D leads into the drying cylinder A and a sliding door or panel D'
is held back by a spring or equivalent D² leaving the passage open whilst a central
arm upon shaft C' is so placed as to catch this slide and move it against the spring
as it passes, as soon as the door is free from the arm it flies back under the influence
of the indiarubber ring or other spring D³ and so shakes the hops forward and
downward into the cylinder A.
An adjustable door or slide D³ is set open at the proper distance to supply the hops
at the desired speed to the cylinder A. Upon the shaft A' are wings or beaters A
spirally arranged or a continuous worm may be employed so as to stir up and
gradually push the hops along towards the far end of the cylinder A whence they
are conveyed in any convenient manner to the separating cylinder B.
cylinder A is heated in any required manner, a Bunsen burner E being shewn in
the drawing, and I find this to auswer well.
The
An elevator F Figures 2 and 3. carries the hops as they leave cylinder A to the
end of cylinder B which they traverse in the opposite direction and come out
at the front of the machine near the hopper where they first entered. The cylinder B
can also, be heated if desired, but in practice I do not always find this necessary.
The shafts C and C² are driven from a pulley or shaft A' by a cord or equivalent
C and it may be added that all the shafts revolve slowly. The apparatus is driven
by a pulley or handle upon whichever of the main shafts is most convenient and
--the various shafts-are-driven from one another-by-pulleys and belts as shown in the_
drawings, or by gearing but belts are most convenient.
: A rod G upon a pin G' fixed in the end of the cylinder A has its other end
connected by a pin G³ with a dic upon the shaft Gs so that as G³ revolves an
oscillating motion is imparted to the cylinder A which helps to dislodge and break
up the hops within. The cylinder can however be caused to revolve entirely if
desired. The end of the cylinder is closed in any convenient manner so as to keep
in the heat and smell and a ventilating tube H leads from cylinder A to the open,
air, or to a chimney, so as to conduct away the fumes given off during the drying
process; and where desired an exhaust fan I may be connected with this so as to
draw off the fumes more rapidly. Cylinder B has also its shaft B' with arins or
beaters B set in the opposite direction to those of cylinder A so that the hops are
carried back again to the same end of the machine that they started from.
It will be readily understood that the form or arrangement of the apparatus may
be considerably varied; for instance instead of the two cylinders being in the same
plane cylinder A may be placed above cylinder B so as to discharge its contents.
into it or into a hopper at the end of it and this plan would have some advantages
and would take up less ground space. Or the cylinders could be arranged like
large flat or conical pans with a shaft passing through both and carrying rakes
which would carry the hops from the centre to the periphery of the pan where they.
would drop down a spout to the second. pan.
The framework may be made of any suitable material such as cast iron, but the
most suitable I find to be wrought iron tubing joined by couplings, elbows &c. like
gas piping. This is the kind of framework shewn in the drawings and I find it
economical, light, and very strong and easily put together.. It is of course applicable
to other kinds of machines besides these described.
Figure 6 is an end elevation and Figure 7. a side elevation of the rolls for
expressing the moisture when the hops are excessively wet and which is used to
The bottom roll K is
prepare them for the main apparatus already described.
preferably hollow and perforated and the juices pressed out of the hops pass into
the interior of it and drain out into the shield or casing L whence they are drawn

page_text: off by the pipe M or in some other convenient manner. In some cases drying floors
or kilns may be used, to get rid of excessive moisture and prepare the hops for the
drying apparatus proper especially where such doors or kilns are already erected;
they would dispense with the squeezing rolls above described.
Having now fully described my said invention and the manner of performing the
same I wish it understood that I Claim
First-In an apparatus for drying or recovering spent hops the combination of
the hot or drying cylinder A and separating cylinder B substantially as set forth
and shewn.
Second-The oscillating or revolving cylinder A heated as described and having
a central shaft A' carrying beaters A' revolving inside it substantially as and for
the purposes described and shewn.
Third-The preparation of spent hops by drying or by drying and separating
whereby they are rendered capable of re-use in brewing.
Fourth In combination with cylinder A the hopper C provided with shafts C¹
and C and wings or knives C³ and grating P substantially as and for the purpose
set forth and shewn.
Fifth-In combination with the hopper O the sliding panel or door D¹ spring D'
and moving arm C whereby a sudden impulse or shake is imparted to the contents
of the hopper substantially as described.
Sixth The machine consisting of a pair of rolls whereof the lower roll is hollow
and perforated so that the moisture squeezed from the spent hops penetrates to the
interior of the roll whence it can be drawn off as required substantially as described
and illustrated in Figures 6 and 7 of the accompanying drawings.
Seventh-In an apparatus for treating spent hops the combination with the
drying cylinder A of an exhaust fan for removing the fumes substantially as
described.
In witness whereof I the said Edward Davies have hereunto set my hand and
seal this twenty third day of April in the year of our Lord One thousand
eight hundred and eighty three:
EDWARD DAVIES (LS.)