IMPROVEMENTS IN CAI VANIC BATTERIES
Year: 1884

page_text: I CLORIS BAUDET of 90 Rue St Victor, Paris in the Republic of France
Electrician do hereby declare the nature of said invention for IMPROVEMENTS IN
CAI VANIC BATTERIES," and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement
The battery 18 composed of any convenient number of superposed clements ench
of which consists of a plato of zine (bg 1 of the accompanying drawing) and a
plate C serving as positive electrode made of charcoal platinum platinised or non
platimised metal or else of amal amated copper or lead This electrode can also be
formed of any plate of metal covered with a coating composed of varnish und of
graphite or plumbigo or of powdered carbon
To simplify the arrangement of the battery this conting can be applied directly
without inconvenience upon one of the sides of each plate of zinc or this side con
bo platinised which permits suppression of the plate C forming the positive
electrode In fact the coated or plitinised face of each plate of zinc then forms the
positive electrode of a pair and the unconted face the negative electrode of the next
pair
The plates are separated by an india rubber frame B which forms a tight joint
and which is of sufficient thickness so that each element forms a kind of chamber
containing the exciting liquid In order that the liquid may be renewed
constantly each plate is piciced by one on several holes opposite or not to each
other in the superposition of the electrodes
A joint J separates the elements in order that the liquid may pass from one
element to another without waste For the joining the joint can be made of any
hand of resin holding in suspension metal filings or powdered charcoal which
assures the contact between the two elements
The circulation can be made from above downwards or from below upwards
One of the end elements therefore receives the exciting liquid coming from a
receiver This liquid passes successively from one element to another and when it
arrives at the last it is run away into a receiver placed at a level lower than that
of the first element
A regulating tap 18 adapted either at the entrance or at the outlet of the
bittery to vary the speed of the flow of the liquid and thus to regulate the
intensity of the current
A current can then be obtuned of an absolutely constant

page_text: intensity and capable of being regulated at will, during a very long time because
the zinc being placed houzontally and remaining amalgamated, the battery will
give the same force until it is completely used on condition that the liquid does
not stop flowing
Every time the pile is used, it will be necessary to wash it, by causing a current
of water to pass through it instead of the exciting liquid, this water contained in
a receiver placed at the upper part of the battery will draw with it the crys-
tallizations or dut which may have formed there
The battery can be mounted in a fiame work which will carry also the receivers
containing the liquids Ihis frame-work could be pivotted at its centre and be
turned upside down so that the same liquid will pass inany times through the
battery after having been strengthened, if necessary, by means of crystals and of a
porous reservoir containing acid, contained in each receiver, the acid reservoir can
be replaced by an acid salt such as a bi-sulphate
Thus arranged the apparatus can be applied to a portable or hand lamp In this
case the receivers will be closed and thus capable of being turned upside down
The system of succussive circulation amongst the elements or cells can be replaced
by a simultaneous cuculation in each of them, (see Figures 2 and 4)
The two systems can also be combined so as to divide the bittely into several
groups where the liquid enters at the same time and traversus successively each of
the elements of these groups (see figure 3)
Lastly the elements being placed vertically in the forin of open topped troughs
or cells, the liquid can enter at the low or part of the elemonts and bo run out at
the top (see Figures 6 and 7), or on the contrary it can fall from above and run
away below by passing into a tube which reascends to the level of the liquid so
that the latter shall not fall (see Figures 8 and 9)
The elements instead of being formed of flat electrodes, can have any other
form, the electrodes can for example assume the form of concentric cylinders
The elements can be placed parallel on obliquely or can spread out as radi from
a centre (see figure 10), the enculation can be made sunultaneously,
successively in each element in one direction or the other
01
When the battery icts upon a circuit with little resistance, its temperature
increases and this source of heat can be utilised for various purposes concurrently
with other known heating means
R, Receiver containing the oxciting liquid
r, Reservoir of water to wash the battery
R Lower receive receiving the liquids having passed through the battery
Pipe leading the exciting liquid to the lower part of the battery
11, Outlet pipe leading the used liquid from the upper part of the battery into
the bottom receiver R'
t, Pipe leading the water of the reservoir to the upper part of the battery to
wash the latter after use
Pipe leading the wash water into the bottom receiver R¹
M, Moderating tap 1egulating the speed of encul ition of the exciting liquid
When the battery is at work, the taps of the pipes I, and ' are open and those
of the pipes t and are closed To stop the working the taps 1, and T of the
exciting liquid ato closed and the taps tand & are opened to allow the water to
pass into the battery
Z, Zinc or negative electiode

page_text: J Joint separating a negative electrode from the positive electrode of the
following pair
L, Chamber containing the circulating fluid
O Orifices for the circulation of the liquid from one element to another
P, Plates to connect by means of rods and screw nuts q, all the elements of the
battery, and carrying the sockets for the pipes T, T¹, t, t¹
Another horizontal anangement The liquid arriving by the pipe T enters by
sevcial tubes t, into the elements e e¹, e¹¹, which it traverses successively and then
passes by the tubes t¹ into the evacuation pipe 1'
The system of circulation by a series of several elements can also be employed
for the vertical arrangements, see Figures 4, 6 and 8

page_text: Having now puticularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
Invention and in what manner the saine is to be performed I declaro that what
I claim 18
1 A battery or generator of electricity capable of moderating the intensity of
current and in which the exciting liquid circulates in the interior of each of its
cells or elements
2 Making the positive electrodes of this battery either of amalgamated lead or
amalgamated copper or of any metal whatsoever covered with an adherent coat
composed of varnish and plumbago or powdered charcoal
3 Making electrodes formed of plates of nine platinised on one side only and
covered also on a single side with the coating above descubed or with a mixture
of charcoal and pulverised resin agglomerated by pressure, so that the face of these
plates which is covered with platinum, with coating or with carbon forms the
positive electrode of one cell or element and the bare face of zinc the negativo
electrode of the next cell
4 The manner of establishing the contact between the negative electrode of one
cell or element and the positive electrode of the following coll or element (in cases
where the positive electrodes arc formed of plates detached from the negative
electrodes) by interposing between these two plates resin or a cement mixed with
metal filings or with powdered charcoal which ensures the contact and at the same
time that the cells are watertight
5 The horizontal or vertical arrangements of the electrodes separated by the
watertight frames permitting the circulation of the exciting liquid between each
clement or cell
6 The arrangements permitting the exciting liquid to enter at the lower or at
the upper part of the battery
7 The system of successive circulation of the exciting liquid in the colls or
elements or of simultaneous circulation in each of them, or by passing through a
series
8 The method of feeding the exciting liquid by means of an upper receptacle
and of pipes and of the evacuation of the liquid used into a lower receptacle
9 The system of washing the colls by a current of water, which traverses them
and takes away the deposits formed in the interior
10 1he method of connecting the cells by means of end plates and bolts or pius
11 1b use of this battery thus constructed as a source of heat
12 Lastly the whole arranged in the manner above described and represented
by the drawing
..
101
at Caudamsher 1001