matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
CERTAIN IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE METHOD OF LIGHTING GAS, AND IN APPARATUS CONNECTED THERE- WITH
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alexander Mackie and James
Paterson at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 9th September 1865.
We, ALEXANDER MACKIE, of Warrington, in the County of Lancaster,
Newspaper Proprietor, and JAMES PATERSON, of the same Place, Engineer,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE METHOD OF LIGHTING GAS, AND IN APPARATUS CONNECTED THERE-
WITH," to be as follows:-
Our Invention relates to the lighting of jets of gas which are not readily
accessible, such as in high gas lamps, signal lights, or in subterranean pas-
sages or tunnels, and is designed to effect a ready means of ignition of gas in
such situations as may be inconvenient to reach.
The improvements consist in the application and use of a tube extending
from any place which may be convenient for ignition to the jet required to be
lighted. This tube is to be perforated with small orifices close together, and
extending from end to end of the tube, and is to be supplied with gas, which
is controlled by a tap. When it is required to light the jet (suppose it to be
in an elevated position) the gas thereto is "turned on," and the gas is also.
admitted to the perforated tube; if a light be now applied to the perforations
at the accessible end of the tube the light will pass in small jets along the
perforated tube to the jet requiring ignition, and communicate light thereto,
after which the gas supplying the perforated tube is to be "turned off" until
again required.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF TOAST RACKS
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Carter at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 11th March 1865.
I, GEORGE CARTER, of Nottingham Lodge, near Eltham, in the County of
Kent, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF TOAST RACKS," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to toast racks employed to hold slices of toasted
bread.
The mode heretofore practised of forming such articles has been to make
them with compartments separated from each other by wires bent in a fanciful
manner, and the objection to this is that the toast is liable to fall as the
rack is being carried. I propose to remedy such objection, and to render the
article less costly and more simple in its construction, by forming same as
follows:-To the top of a suitable shaped pedestal I connect a piece of metal
somewhat similar in shape to a double-ended skewer, having a hole midway
of its length made through it for connecting it to the pedestal aforesaid. The
slices of toast are intended to be pushed one after the other on these skewer-
shaped parts, and thus hold same securely thereon.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE ARRANGEMENT OF FURNACES USED FOR PUDDLING AND REHEATING IRON, THE GENERATION OF STEAM, AND OTHER SIMILAR PURPOSES
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Beardmore at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 13th April
1865.
I, WILLIAM BEARDMORE, of Parkhead, in the County of Lanark, North
Britain, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE ARRANGEMENT OF FURNACES USED FOR PUDDLING AND REHEATING IRON, THE
GENERATION OF STEAM, AND OTHER SIMILAR PURPOSES," to bo as follows, that is
to say:-
This Invention relates to certain improvements in the arrangement of
furnaces used for puddling and reheating iron, as well as the generation of
steam, and other generally similar purposes. The improvements result in
the burning of the fuel much more economically than is done under the
existing arrangements of carrying on combustion. The furnace consists of a
hopper or chamber in which the fuel is placed in the green state, this chamber
being situated above the fire-bars; as the coal descends it becomes coked, and
in this state is burned in the body of the furnace. When found necessary,
as, for instance, when the draught through the furnace is low, a blast of steam
or air may be introduced for the purpose of raising the intensity of the
incandescence.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR SHEARING OR CLIPPING' HORSES OR OTHER ANIMALS
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Garrett Tongue at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 23rd August
1865. A communication from abroad by François Romain Carron,.
junior, Merchant, of Paris, in the Empire of France.
I, JOHN GARRETT TONGUE, of the Firm of Tongue and Birkbeck, Patent
Agents and Engineers, of 34, Southampton Buildings, Chancery Lane, in the
County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR SHEARING OR CLIPPING' HORSES OR OTHER
ANIMALS," to be as follows:-
This Juvention has for its object improvements in apparatus for facilitating
the operation of clipping or shearing horses or other animals. Heretofore this
operation has been performed by means of a comb and a pair of shears, requir-
ing considerable time and skill in clipping the entire surface or coat of a
horse, and these improvements consist in arranging rotary blades or shears in
combination with a comb and other parts, whereby the shearing or clipping
of a horse or other animal is accomplished with great facility and uniformity.
The apparatus consists of a suitable frame upon which an axis or cylinder
is arranged to revolve in bearings at each side thereof, the axis having a series
of "helicoidal" blades mounted thereon, which in their rotation sever the
hairs introduced between them (by a comb), and an adjustable blade or
plate in combination with the comb by which the required amount of the
shearing or clipping can be regulated. The apparatus which is of compara-
tively small dimensions is furnished with a handle to be held in the left hand,

page_text: whilst the right hand is employed to give motion to a small winch mounted
upon the frame, which by suitable gearing gives motion to the revolving shears
or cutters. The comb and the blade against which the revolving cutters
operate are carried by supports moving on centres, and are capable of adjust-
ment by means of set screws as required. Oil or other lubricating material
is supplied to the revolving blades or cutters, by means of a strip of leather or
other suitable material from a tube or reservoir supported above or near to
some point in their revolution. In order to distend those parts of the skin
which are wrinkled or irregular a rectangular frame is employed, arranged so as
to project in advance of the comb, and by pressing upon the skin stretch and
render it even preparatory to the action of the comb and revolving shears
thereon. This stretching instrument can be moved away behind the comb and
blades when it is not required.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE RETORTS USED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF GAS AND IN OTHER DISTILLATIONS, WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE ADAPTABLE TO EVAPORATING VESSELS
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Ambrose Coffey at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 25th May
1865.
I, JOHN AMBROSE COFFEY, of 17, Gracechurch Street, in the City of
London, Consulting Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE RETORTS USED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF
GAS AND IN OTHER DISTILLATIONS, WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE ADAPTABLE TO
EVAPORATING VESSELS," to be as follows:-
This retort consists of a case, in which an archimedian screw is fitted, the
same having a handle (or portion to which driving gear may be connected to
its axis), which axis shall project beyond the case aforesaid, and by the rotation
of this axis the screw will be kept in motion and will continually agitate the
material under process of distillation, so as to facilitate the liberation of its
gases and exhaust them from the material under operation; and by being
provided with a hopper and a discharge door or opening, the operation may be
carried on continuously without "drawing" the retort. In some instances
the case of the retort might be made to rotate and the screw made stationary ;
or instead of a screw a series of arms, vanes, or agitators might be adopted.
In adapting my improvements to evaporating vessels, I should (when
desirable) have the top of the case made open, so as to allow of the free
discharge of vapour, or evaporate fluid into the atmosphere, or if need be, I
would have a duct leading from the upper part of the vessel to a worm, or
condenser, or cooler.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR PREPARING COTTON AND OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS TO BE SPUN
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Mayor at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 19th January 1865.
I, THOMAS MAYOR, of Pawtucket, in the County of Providence, and State of
Rhode Island, United States of America, now temporarily residing at Oldham,
in the County of Lancaster, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR PREPARING COTTON AND
OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS TO BE SPUN," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to roving frames and other machines of a similar
nature, and consists in an improved arrangement of the centrifugal presser.
The presser is provided with a long or deep boss which works on the delivery
tube of the flyer at or near its delivering point. In the said boss there is an
inclined slot working on a pin fixed to the aforesaid delivery tube, and the
length of the slot is so arranged that its ends may act as stops and prevent
the presser from being pulled out too far or pressed too far in, and thus avoid
any undue strain on the rod of the presser.
AN IMPROVED FASTENING OR Lock
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Bailey and Joseph Eagland
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on the
2nd August 1865.
We, RICHARD BAILEY, of Hoxton, in the County of Middlesex, Engincel,
and JOSEPH EAGLAND, of Hatton Garden, in the same County, Brass Finisher,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED
FASTENING OR Lock," to be as follows:-
Our Invention consists in the employment upon one part to which the
fastening is to be applied, say, for instance, to the top of the bottom rail of a
window sash, of a plate carrying a bolt in the form of a cranked lever centred
upon a stud; the short arm of the lever has pinned to it one end of a link,
the other end of which is embraced by the forked end of a steel spring.
There is also fitted under the plate a spring catch formed at its front with a
step. When the fastening is open the spring catch 11ses and holds back the
long arm or bolt of the cranked lever. Upon the other part to which the
fastening is to be applied, in the present case the top rail of the bottom
sash, we fix a plate carrying the usual curved bolt catch, and provided at its
front with a projection. Now on bringing down the top sash to close the
window just before the sash reaches its lowest point the projection comes in
contact with the step on the spring catch in the opposite plate, depresses it

page_text: and releases the bolt, which is then thrust forward by the action of the s ring
connected to the short arm thereof and is engaged in the curved catch on
the upper rail of the lower sash. To release or open the fastening push
back the bolt until it passes the spring catch first-mentioned, when this catch
rising retains it until the catch is liberated by hand or in the manner herein-
before described
PREPARING, SPINNING, AND DOUBLING COTTON, FLAX, WOOL, SILK, AND OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Champion and John Brinsley
Sheridan at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 21st April 1865.
We, JAMES CHAMPION, of the City of Manchester, in the County of Lan-
caster, Machinist, and JOHN BRINSLEY SHERIDAN, Agent, of the same Place,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "PREPARING, SPINNING,
AND DOUBLING COTTON, FLAX, WOOL, SILK, AND OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS," to bo
as follows:-
In the spindle, bobbin, bolster, or lifting rails are fixed tubes or bolsters
in which the spindles revolve, and in or on the collars of the said tubes are
formed or placed round or square cups, in which the bottom ends of the
bobbins revolve; or a bush projecting below the bottom end of the bobbins
running in the round or square cups formed or placed on the fixed tubes, or
in recesses or cups formed or placed in or on the bobbin, bolster, or lifting
rails. By theso means we gain speed and a better drag on the yarn.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SHUTTLES FOR WEAVING PURPOSES
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Abraham Akeroyd and Jonathan
Lister at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition,
on the 17th August 1865.
We, ABRAHAM AKEROYD and JONATHAN LISTER, both of Bradford, in the
County of York, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN SHUTTLES FOR WEAVING PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
The object of our Invention is to weave piece goods more quickly than can
be done by the present systems, and to attain this result without increasing
the speed of the loom and causing extra depreciations of the same. We effect
this by passing through the centre part of an ordinary shuttle transversely a
pin or centre which acts as a fulcrum for two or four bobbins as may be
required. Spindles of usual construction for such number of bobbins are
connected by means of pins and ordinary joints to the axis or fulerum. Eyes
are also pierced on either side of the shuttle in the usual position to admit the
threads. By this arrangement of shuttle two or four threads of various
colours may be placed in the shuttle at one time, and thus in a fancy piece,
for instance, either two or four threads may be cast at one pick instead of
each colour being cast at separate picks as is usual, and thus a great saving
of time and consequent cost of production is effected. We have named two
or four bobbins in one shuttle; we consider the former however to be more
generally useful.
ENABLING THE PASSENGERS IN RAILWAY CARRIAGES TO GIVE CERTAIN SIGNALS TO THE GUARD AND ENGINE DRIVER IN CASE OF DANGER OR NECESSITY
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edwin Whittaker at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 2nd February
1865.
I, EDWIN WHITTAKER, of Hurst, in the County of Lancaster, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "ENABLING THE PASSENGERS IN
RAILWAY CARRIAGES TO GIVE CERTAIN SIGNALS TO THE GUARD AND ENGINE DRIVER
IN CASE OF DANGER OR NECESSITY," to be as follows:-
I place in the interior of each carriage a rod. or wire, having at one end a
handle or tassel within the reach of any passenger. The rod or wire extends
through the top or one of the sides of the carriage, and is attached to a bell
crank connected by another rod or wire to a lever, cam, or eccentric in
connection with a hammer and bell or gong, so that when the wire or rod in
the interior of the carriage is pulled, the lever, cam, or eccentric releases the
hammer, and enables it to strike the bell or gong, and thereby give the
necessary signal to the guard or engine driver.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF FLEXIBLE TUBING OR HOSE
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Tomlinson Bousfield at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 4th
April 1865. A communication from abroad by David Knight Hoxsie
and Thomas Lyons Reed, residing at Providence, Rhode Island, United
States of America.
I, GEORGE TOMLINSON BOUSFIELD, of Loughborough Park, Brixton, in the
County of Surrey, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF FLEXIBLE TUBING OR HOSE," to be as
follows:-
Considerable difficulty has heretofore been experienced in making flexible
tubing or hose that would be impervious, particularly to illuminating gas, for
the reason that the naptha and other substances which are deposited by
condensation from such gas softens and dissolves india-rubber (caoutchouc),
and such gums, glutinous materials, and compounds thereof as have been
heretofore employed in the construction of the tubing or hose to make it
impervious as well as flexible.
Now the object of the said Invention is to overcome this difficulty and to
render the tubing or hose absolutely impervious without in the least detracting
from its flexibility.
The first feature of Invention for this purpose relates to the means by
which the tubing or hose is rendered primarily impervious, and consists in
the use of an animal tissue so prepared and applied as to form an impervious
sheath or covering in the structure of the tubing or hose.

page_text: The second feature of Invention relates to the employment of certain
means to preserve the said impervious sheath or its equivalent in a moist
and flexible condition and from a liability to injury by cracking, and consists
in the use of a thin coating of any suitable material or compound which will
resist the effect of extremes of temperature and keep the sheath constantly
moist and supple.
The third feature of Invention relates to the mode of forming the exterior
or finished surface of the tubing or hose, and consists in the use of a preparation
from vegetable oils in connection with other materials, which is applied to
the exterior surface of the tubular fabric, and when dry forms an elastic glazed
covering which is quite supple and not liable to crack or be otherwise injured
by service,
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF LIFE BELTS, SWIMMING BELTS, JACKETS, AND BUOYS, AND IN THE EMPLOYMENT AND UTILIZATION OF CERTAIN MATERIALS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF THE SAME
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Kilburn at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 7th February
1865.
I, CHARLES KILBURN, of Richmond, in the County of Surrey, Gentleman,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
CONSTRUCTION OF LIFE BELTS, SWIMMING BELTS, JACKETS, AND BUOYS, AND IN THE
EMPLOYMENT AND UTILIZATION OF CERTAIN MATERIALS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF
THE SAME," to be as follows:-
My Invention primarily consists in the utilization of old corks, bungs, or
other corks of whatever description they may be, whether they be whole or
broken, cut up in shavings or in powder, to the manufacture and construction
of life and swimming belts, jackets, and buoys, all as hereafter described.
I take, say, old corks, by preference old wine corks, and according to the
width I require to make the belt, jacket, or buoy, so I form a frame in which
I lay and compress the said corks, whether they be whole or in parts; the
corks are then united by twine or other material, so that when removed from
the frame they retain the form or shape of the same. The corks thus united
are then laid or inserted into compartments formed in a belt, jacket, or buoy
made of canvas or any other suitable material, and when so inserted the ends
are stitched up. A belt, jacket, or buoy made in this manner is very portable,
buoyant, and flexible, and may be attached to the body by straps or bands in

page_text: the ordinary manner; but I prefer to suspend it round the neck by a stout
webbing, and I attach it to the body by forming a bridle of webbing at each
end; I attach pieces of a similar material to the ends of the belt, jacket, or
buoy, which I carry over and attach to the bridles, and the ends being passed
round the body are tied or united in front..
IMPROVEMENTS. IN LITHO- GRAPHIC, AND COPPER-PLATE: PRINTING, AND IN. THE MACHINERY OR. APPARATUS. CONNECTED THERE WITH
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Donald McKellar at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 23rd August
1865
I, DONALD MCKELLAR, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North Britain,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS. IN LITHO-
GRAPHIC, AND COPPER-PLATE: PRINTING, AND IN. THE MACHINERY OR. APPARATUS.
CONNECTED THERE WITH," to be as follows, that is to say:-
This Invention firstly. relates to a new and improved arrangement of the
parts of presses used for lithographing and copper-plate printing. The improve-
ment essentially consists in arranging the lithographic stone to travel or move
between two quadrants or segments of a cylinder, one of which is arranged
above and the other below the stone. The leather or "tymping' is. fixed on
the rounded surface of the upper quadrant, or it may be laid on the stone, and
as the table carrying the stone is traversed through by being pushed by the
hand or otherwise a portion of the rounded surfaces bears upon the table and
the stone throughout its entire course.
The second part of this Invention relates to the employment of the herein-
before mentioned press for taking impressions from copper-plates, which.
operation cannot be performed by the ordinary lithographic press.
AN IMPROVED METHOD OF MAKING EFFERVESCING DRINKS
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Oliver Weldon Jeyes at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 18th
September 1865.
I, OLIVER WELDON JEYES, of Leyton, in the County of Essex, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED METHOD OF MAKING
EFFERVESCING DRINKS," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in the preparation and employment in drinks of ice,
formed of water or other suitable liquid impregnated with carbonic acid gas.
I make the ice in a vessel partly filled with water into which carbonic acid
gas is forced; I then hermetically seal the vessel, freeze the contents into a solid
state, open the vessel and remove the ice, which is to be employed in more or
less large blocks in the drink to be made effervescing.
MENTS IN CORKSCREWS
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Roper at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 1st February
1865.
I, JOSEPH ROPER, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Manu-
facturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE
MENTS IN CORKSCREWS," to be as follows:-
I form the screw and pin as usual in one piece, secured as in the ordinary
way to the head. I form a barrel with a long tubular neck, through which
barrel and neck the screw and pia are passed before being secured to the
head. A tube is also attached to the head, which tube conceals the pin; into
this tube the neck slides as the screw is inserted into the cork. The cork is
drawn by continuing to turn the screw in the same direction as that employed
for inserting it into the cork, this action forcing the cork up the worm of the
screw and out of the neck of the bottle. Once drawn, the cork is released
from the screw by turning the head in the contrary direction, during which
operation the cork bears upon the shoulder or dome of the barrel whilst the
screw is being drawn through it.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF BOOTS AND SHOES
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Dunbar at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 13th September
1865.
I, JAMES DUNBAR, of 4, Westminster Chambers, Victoria Street, West-
minster, in the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF BOOTS
AND SHOES," to be as follows (that is to say):
My Invention has reference to "Improvements in the Construction of
Boots and Shoes," the object being to obtain protection to the bottoms of
trouser legs against mud and wear. This I accomplish by cutting away the
lower portion of the outside of the heel, the cutting being highest at the back
and making an inclined surface towards the instep, thus forming a shield
above and around that portion of the heel coming in contact with the
ground. By this arrangement the mud raised while walking is thrown on
to the under side of said shield (instead of on the trouser legs), and running
down said inclined surface falls to the ground; the cutting away of said
heel likewise prevents said trouser legs from getting underneath, and thus
being worn out. The said heel instead of being cut away may be made in
two or more pieces, the lower portion being made of india-rubber, metal, or
any other suitable substance, and fastened to the top portion in a suitable
manner; the lower portion may likewise be made hollow for the reception of
piece of leather, india-rubber, or any other suitable substance, which when
worn may easily be turned or replaced by a new piece.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PREPARING CERTAIN COLORING MATTERS
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Holliday at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 12th September
1865.
I, JOHN HOLLIDAY, of Huddersfield, in the County of York, Chemist, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
PREPARING CERTAIN COLORING MATTERS," to be as follows:-
I take the dye usually known in commerce as "cotton violet" (made from
salts of rosaniline), of various violet tints, which dye is fugitive, rendering it
valueless for dyeing wool, silk, and other fibres. I treat one part of this dye
by adding to it about six parts of water, or it will act better if four ounces,
more or less, of liquid ammonia sp. gr. 0-880 be added thereto,. though any
alkali or salt of an alkali, such as common salt, may be used instead.. This
will cause the coloring matter previously in solution to be precipitated; this
precipitate I wash with water, and place upon filters to dry. It is then in a
fit state for sale; but I prefer to dissolve it in alcohol, so that it is fit for use
direct into the dye bath. To render the color purer, and vary the tint, I take
the berein-before described precipitate and dissolve one part in from 8.to.
16 parts methyl alcohol: (wood naptha), and when dissolved I add half a pound
(more or less may be used) of sulphuric, muriatic, or nitric acid. This mixture
I allow to stand some time, or I facilitate the operation by heating it to its
boiling point a few minutes, and when cold this I again treat with alkaline

page_text: water, and precipitate, as above described. This latter operation may be
repeated to advantage. I do not confine myself to the exact proportions or
mode of operation herein above stated, as the same may be varied. In all
cases I can recover the methyl alcohol (wood naptha), by distillation from the
liquid after the color is precipitated.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ORNAMENTAL LACES AND FABRICS IN TWIST LACE MACHINERY
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Clarke at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on. the 4th December
1865.
I, WILLIAM CLARKE, of Nottingham, Lace Manufacturer, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF
ORNAMENTAL LACES AND FABRICS IN TWIST LACE MACHINERY," to be as follows:-
My improvements relate to the manufacture in twist lace machinery of
bands having the appearance and character of "grogrum" and also that of
"lay," weaving terms understood by most weavers; and in carrying out my
Invention or improvements I use ordinary twist lace machinery, and employ a
suitable number of longitudinal warp threads to form the warp threads in the
bands of weaving, and I weft these warp threads with bobbin threads, causing
such bobbin threads to pass three, four, or more times through the same open-
ing or shed of the warp threads when producing grogrum, and when making lay
weavings I cause the bobbin threads to pass three or any suitable number of
times at the back of the warp threads forming the lay or face of the weavings,
and I weft the back or ground threads as desired, which is determined by the

page_text: number of shoots employed in forming the lay, I then reverse the lay threads
of the background threads and pass the bobbin threads through the shed
thus formed, tying the lay into the ground, as will be well understood. I
form purl edges to these bands of grogrum and lay weavings.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE MEANS OF APPLYING COPPER OF ALLOYS OF COPPER TO THE BOTTOMS AND SIDES OF NAVIGABLE VESSELS BUILT OF IRON, STEEL, OR HOMOGENEOUS METAL
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Francis Deane at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
26th December 1865.
I, WILLIAM FRANCIS DEANE, of Farnworth, near Bolton, in the County of
Lancaster, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE MEANS OF APPLYING COPPER OF ALLOYS OF COPPER TO THE BOTTOMS
AND SIDES OF NAVIGABLE VESSELS BUILT OF IRON, STEEL, OR HOMOGENEOUS METAL,"
to be as follows (that is to say) :-
This Invention has for its object an improved means of applying copper or
alloys of copper to the bottoms and sides of navigable vessels built of iron, steel,
or homogeneous metal, and consists in applying a solution of copper (by
preference sulphate of copper) to the surfaces to be acted upon by means of a
waterproof material, which is secured to the vessel, either by adhesion or by
mechanical means. The iron or other metal to be covered is coated with
plumbago, or otherwise prepared to receive the deposit of copper, or the alloys
thereof, either by contact or by the insertion of zinc in the copper solution, or
by the usual galvanic, electric, or other process, by which copper is deposited
from a solution when acted upon by the galvanic, electric, or other battery, or
by whatever means the same may be applied. The copper or the alloys
thereof may be deposited in any thickness, according to the strength, quantity,
and time occupied in applying the same, and the surfaces acted upon may
embrace either the whole side, or bottom, or any portion of them. Any

page_text: ironwork which it may be thought expedient to cover may be done in the
same manner. By the terms waterproof material are included vulcanised
india-rubber, cloth, and all fibrous substances suitable for holding and
applying copper solutions, as herein-before described.
A NEW APPARATUS FOR ASCERTAINING THE DEGREE OF TORSION AND RESISTANCE IN THE THREADS OF. TEXTILE SUBSTANCES
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Peter Armand Le Comte de
Fontaine Moreau at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
his Petition, on the 3rd May 1865.-A communication from Monsieur
Bienaimé Felix Brunet, residing at Rue Rivoli, Paris, in the Empire of
France.
I, PETER ARMAND LE COMTE DE FONTAINE MOREAU, of the English and
Foreign Patent Offices, 10, Rue de la Fidélité, Paris, in the Empire of
France, and 4, South Street, Finsbury, London, Patent Agent, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "A NEW APPARATUS FOR
ASCERTAINING THE DEGREE OF TORSION AND RESISTANCE IN THE THREADS OF.
TEXTILE SUBSTANCES," to be as follows, that is to say:-
The apparatus is composed of a frame supporting a screw set in motion by:
a crank arm. The degree of torsion of a given thread is ascertained by.
untwisting it by means of a nipper fixed to the screw, and in counting the
number of evolutions that it has been necessary to cause the screw to perform.
for the said operation. The resistance is ascertained in stretching the thread
either by means of a weight or of a spring balance. The thread is fixed to a:
hook on one side, and on the other to a pincer drawn by one or several cords
passing on small rollers, and thence being attached to a balance plate carrying
weights, or to the hook of a spring balance forming part of the instrument.
The apparatus is provided with scales placed under the screw and.near to the

page_text: spring balance; this allows the reading off immediately of the degree of
torsion of the thread and of the weight which has caused the breaking of the
thread.
IMPROVEMENTS IN TREATING CERTAIN DESCRIPTIONS OF VEGETABLES EN THE PROCESS OF COOKING OR BOILING THE SAME
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Matthew Thomas Cooper Nash
and Charles John Nash at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 24th October 1865.
We, MATTHEW THOMAS COOPER NASH, of Leathersellers Buildings, London
Wall, in the City of London, and CHARLES JOHN NASH, of Hackney Road,
in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN TREATING CERTAIN DESCRIPTIONS OF VEGETABLES
EN THE PROCESS OF COOKING OR BOILING THE SAME," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object the treatment of certain kinds of vegetables
in the process of boiling, whereby their natural color and flavor are preserved
er restored; at the same time they are rendered more tender, delicate, and
palatable, and are cooked in a much shorter time than by the ordinary methods
of cooking or boiling.
The vegetables to which our treatment is applicable consist of every
description of greens, cabbages, cauliflowers, broccoli, sprouts, turnip tops, all
kinds of beans and peas, celery, asparagus, artichokes, vegetable marrows, and
all other similar edible vegetables.
The means we employ in carrying out our Invention consist in introducing
about one drachm or about half an ordinary teaspoonful of carbonate of soda
to about one gallon of water into the pot or vessel containing the vegetables
when the water has commenced to boil.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SAFES
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Fothergill Batho at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 1st
December 1865.
I, WILLIAM FOTHERGILL BATHO, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SAFES," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to safes used for the protection of property, and
consists in an improved method of manufacturing the body of the safe.
In making my improved safe I form a shell or frame by means of suitably
constructed pressing or stamping apparatus, which stamps or presses a plate,
or sheet, or mass of steel, such as Bessemer steel or wrought iron, between
dies constructed for the purpose, so as to give the required form. In some
cases I employ two or more shells or frames, each made by pressing or
stamping a piece of steel or wrought iron, and I place the shells or frames
one within another, and insert hardened steel or chilled metal plates between.
the shells when required. When wrought iron is used for making the shells
they can be case-hardened, either within or without, or both within and
without, as may be required.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SCREW- PROPELLING APPARATUS
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Griffiths at the Oflice of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 21st April
1865.
I, ROBERT GRIFFITHS, of Mold, in the County of Flint, Engineer, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN SCREW-
PROPELLING APPARATUS," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to improvements in apparatus arranged in combination
with screw propellers, in order to obtain additional propelling power from the
water as it is driven away or set in motion by the action of the blades of the
screw propeller. And my improvements consist in mounting a series of blades or
vanes behind the screw propeller, upon which the water driven aft by the screw
impinges and acts so as to impart rotary motion to such blades or vanes.
The power thus obtained by the action of the water driven backwards from
the screw propeller in an angular direction from the line of the screw shaft
or axis is transmitted from the boss or axis of the blades or vanes by means
of toothed wheels or other suitable gearing to the screw propeller shaft so as
to aid in propelling the vessel.
I would remark that it has before been proposed to apply the power derived
from the action of the water as it is driven away by the blades of the screw
propeller, but in such arrangement the series of blades or vanes were fixed in
a stationary position bebind the screw propeller.

page_text: The second part of my improvements consists in forming the forward edges
of the blades or vanes of corresponding contour to the contour of the back of
the blades of the screw propeller, so that the back of the screw may revolve
in close contact with the edges of the blades or vanes, in order that the water
may act upon the face of the vanes at the same time as it is driven by the
blades of the screw propeller.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CRICKET, RACKET, AND TENNIS BALLS
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Huntley at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 11th March
1865.
I, CHARLES HUNTLEY, of Hackney Wick, in the County of Middlesex,
Cricket Ball Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN CRICKET, RACKET, AND TENNIS BALLS," to be as
follows:-
This Invention relates to certain improvements in cricket balls, and in those
used for rackets and tennis, whereby they are rendered more durable than the
ordinary balls, and also impervious to the effects of damp or moisture.
I propose to sew or stitch the leather cover or shell of the ball with catgut,
or similar material understood by the general appellation of catgut, or
other suitable gut, or with prepared hide, instead of with hemp or flax, as is
ordinarily done, by which means the ball is kept secure and prevented from
bursting open by the repeated blows of the bat. I also propose to render the
ball waterproof by the application of a cover or lining of india-rubber, vul-
canized or not, whereby when the ball is used on a wet field it will not absorb
the moisture, and therefore will not become soft or liable to crack.
CER- TAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF STEEL
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Birch at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 20th
December 1865.
I, JOHN BIRCH, of Newton Heath, in the County of Lancaster, Steel
Converter, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "CER-
TAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF STEEL," to be as follows:-
The Invention is designed for the purpose of enabling waste or scrap
iron or steel to be employed over again in the same manufacture, whereas
hitherto the waste or scrap pieces produced in manufacturing articles of
iron or steel have only been capable of being used by melting and incor-
porating them with lower qualities.
The improvements consist in inserting and immersing hot scrap iron or
steel as it comes from the articles under manufacture, such as rails,, blooms,
or forgings of any description in molten steel during the process of forming
the ingots, at which state of the process the waste iron or steel will incor-
porate thoroughly and become homogeneous with the steel; or scrap iron
or steel that has become cold may be heated to a required degree, and
then be introduced and immersed in the molten steel as the ingots are
being formed. By this process waste or "scrap" iron or steel can be
employed again in the same manufacture, which waste has hitherto been
used only for inferior purposes.
AN IMPROVED FAN OR EXHAUST FOR THRASHING MACHINES
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Edward Gedge at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
3rd May 1865. A communication from abroad by Hyppolyte Hatté
and Auguste Hatté, both of 39, Faubourg Saint Martin, Paris, France.
I, WILLIAM EDWARD GEDGE, of the Firm of John Gedge and Son, of No. 11,
Wellington Street, Strand, in the County of Middlesex, Patent Agent, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED FAN OR
EXHAUST FOR THRASHING MACHINES," (a communication to me from abroad by
Hyppolyte Hatté and Auguste Hatté, both of 39, Faubourg Saint Martin,
Paris, France, to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to completely remove the dust which is
disengaged during the working of thrashing machines of every description,
and the apparatus by which this object is effected is illustrated on the accom-
panying Sheet of Drawing forming part of this Provisional Specification.
The bottom of the conduits K are fixed on the chest of the heating cylinder
of the thrashing machine. The pulley E set in motion by the main shaft of
the thrashing machine moves the shaft I and the cross bar V carrying blades
or fans, which thus set in motion forcibly suck up the air charged with dust
through the exhaust conduits D, and at the same time forcibly expel this
into the escape conduits L, opening into a chimney or simply passing to the
outside; M is a support for fixing the conduit L; A, top of box enclosing
the fan fixed to its bottom by the supports E, B, and key N; F, bearings
of shaft I, with caps tightened by bolts and nuts.
IMPROVEMENTS IN VERMIN TRAPS
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Kennedy Geyelin at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
3rd April 1865.
I, GEORGE KENNEDY GEYELIN, Civil Engineer, of South Hackney, London,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
VERMIN TRAPS," to be as follows:-
These traps attract the vermin, are self-setting, and compel the vermin to
enter after having once introduced its head. The trap is constructed in the
following manner:-
First, on the end of the trap I fix a looking glass, which reflects the vermin
on coming near the door and entices it to enter.
Second, the doors opposite the looking glass are self-setting by means of
springs; they allow the vermin to enter the trap with the least pressure, but
prevent it from withdrawing after having once introduced its head.
Third, above the looking glass I fix a grating for light and from which the
bait is also suspended.
In their various sizes these traps are adapted to secure the smaller or largest
kind of vermin, from the mouse to the lion, alive and without torture.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BREECH-LOADING FIRE-ARMS
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel Norris at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 7th December
1865. A communication from abroad by Philo Remington, Samuel
Remington, and Eliphalet Remington, all of Ilion, in the State of New
York, United States of America.
I, SAMUEL NORRIS, of Regent Street, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN BREECH-LOADING
FIRE-ARMS," a communication to me from abroad by Philo Remington,
Samuel Remington, and Eliphalet Remington, all of Ilion, in the State of
New York, United States of America, to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to certain improvements in breech-loading fire-arms,
the object being to afford security to the hammer and trigger in such manner
that an accidental discharge of the arm cannot occur. To effect this purpose
I propose to form on the back or rear surface of the hammer an indentation
or recess into which a bolt or plug set in the body of the breech piece is
caused to slide. This bolt or sliding plug is set in a slot or guide in the
body of the arm, and is actuated by a projection or hub pressed by the hand,
in order to push the bolt forward into the recess or to withdraw it when
necessary. By this arrangement when the arm is carried at full-cock, and

page_text: the plug is set in the recess, it is impossible that the arm can be discharged
by accident, because if the trigger be pulled back the hammer will only
descend to a very limited distance or extent, when it will be caught by the
slide and be prevented from discharging the cartridge. When the arm after
discharge is brought to half-cock, or full-cock a small wedge-shaped pro-
jection above the recess in the hammer serves to force back the slide into
its neutral position so as to allow of the rising of the hammer.
IMPROVEMENTS IN UNDER VESTS
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Webster at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 28th June
1865.
I, JAMES WEBSTER, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North Britain,
Shirt Maker and Clothier, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN UNDER VESTS," to be as follows, that is to say:-
This Invention relates to under vests, and has for its object to obtain better
protection from cold for the chest and back with convenience in use.
The improved vest is formed of two plies; an inner ply of chamois leather
and an outer ply which will generally be of fine flannel, but which may if
preferred be of silk, alpacca, or other light material. An important feature
of the improvements consists in perforating the inner ply of chamois leather
to modify its close character and permit of the free escape of perspiration.
The under vest is made to button in front like an ordinary vest, and can con-
sequently be fitted more closely to the back than singlets or under shirts. The
under vest may be made with or without sleeves.
IMPROVEMENTS IN COCKS OR VALVES
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Roberts at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 17th March
1865.
I, WILLIAM ROBERTS, of Millwall, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN COCKS OR VALVES," to be as
follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in cocks or valves, and is
applicable to cocks or valves such as are described in the Specification of the
Patent granted to myself and Thomas Greenacre, dated 22nd May 1862,
No. 1551, and to other cocks or valves in which a number of complete
rotations of a lever or handle are required to open the valve. In using such
cocks or valves difficulty is frequently experienced in ascertaining to what
extent the waterway or passage is open; to obviate this inconvenience I
combine with the cock or valve an index mounted on an axis, and this axis I
gear with the spindle of the valve in such manner that the index axis makes
somewhat less than a complete revolution, whilst the lever or handle by means
of which the valve is worked is turned the number of times required to move
the valve from end to end of its course. The arc over which the index travels
is marked at each end at the points where the index stands when the passage
is shut, and where it stands when it is full open; the arc may also be further
graduated if desired. The gearing I prefer to employ is a bevilled wheel on
the spindle actuating a bevilled wheel on an intermediate axis on which a
worm is formed, and this gears with a toothed wheel on the axis of the index.
IMPROVEMENTS IN GAS BURNERS
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Ferdinand Küp at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 29th July 1865.
I, FERDINAND KÜP, of Frankfurt-on-the-Main, Gentleman, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN GAS BURNERS,"
to be as follows:-
The object of these improvements in gas burners is to offer a ready means
for regulating the illuminating effect of either bats'-wing, fish-tail, argand, or
other similar gas burners, by regulating exactly the quantity of atmospheric
air to be admitted to the gas flame. For this purpose the burner is provided
on the outside with a moveable jacket, socket, casing, or cap, having one or
more openings through which either the gas flame or the entire top or part
of the top of the burner may be caused to protrude, provision being made for
allowing the setting of the said jacket, socket, tube, casing, or cap at any
required height, and thus allow more or less air to be admitted to the flame,
and thereby regulate the intensity of this latter, and according to the nature
of the gas and amount of pressure, by preference, a male screw thread is
cut in the outside of the burner, which screw enters into a corresponding
female screw thread provided in the inside of the jacket, socket, tube, casing,
or cap, or this latter may be arranged in such manner as to allow of its gliding

page_text: gently over the smooth outer surface of the burner; or in fact any other
'suitable mechanical arrangement may be resorted to that allows of regulating
at will the position of the opening or openings of the jacket, socket, tube,
casing, or cap in respect to that of the slit or slits, hole or holes, or other
openings of the burner through which the gas takes its exit.