Improvements in the Construction of Stoneware, Earthenware and Ironstone Incubators with Nursery Attachment.
Year: 1898

page_text: Date of Application, 20th Jan., 1898
Complete Specification Left, 19th Nov., 1898-Accepted, 20th Apr., 1899
Improvements in the Construction of Stoneware, Earthenware and
Ironstone Incubators with Nursery Attachment.
I, JANE ANN HOOPER, of 58, Lewisham High Road, New Cross, S.E., no occupa-
tion, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
The nest evaporating pan is so constructed that its material while having greater
heat retaining qualities than wood or metal, is also impervious to the action of
certain natural elements, as natural soil salts, and those present in, and given
off by the tissues, muscle, and bone of fowls and waterfowl. In order that such
elements or salts may be applied to, and used in artificial incubation for providing
natural nutrition in the development of the embrayo and assist in the after growth
of the chicken and waterfowl, thus providing more natural surroundings during
the incubating and hatching process.
The lower portable part where incubation occurs, I designate the nest evapo-
rating pan, and it may be square, oblong, but preferably round in formation, and
resembling the contour of a seed pan, with ventilating holes round the top.
A sliding perforated collar or band with a drip gutter at bottom is kept in
position by pins passing through an abutting peice moulded on the side or wall
of the nest evaporating pan, with spiral springs round such pins, which acts as
an additional ventilator when neccessary.
The bottom of the nest evaporating pan has a vertical pipe moulded thereon
and extends a little way upwards for the inlet of air. An extending lip is moulded
on the outside for pouring in the salts solution through an opening, which repre-
sents the ground moisture.
A perforated porous plate fits easily in the interior of the nest evaporating
pan and supported on legs, a space being preserved between its under side and
the top of the inverted pipe, so that the incoming air may be diffused equally
under the entire bottom of the perforated plate and fills the space between it and
the salt solution.
A number of peices of canvas, flannel or other fabric woven or formed into
cartridge shaped cylinders and rimmed round the upper end, are inserted through
the perforated porous plate in a circle. The the rimmed edge keeping them in
position on top, and the lower ends resting or dipped in the salt solution. There
is a slot or opening left in the cylinder above the solution so that the air impreg-
nated with the salts vapour can enter therein, and passes over the upper part of the
porous plate, and the fabric cylinder conveying the natural salts thereto, penetrates
therein and is absorbed and maintains the plate in a continually moistened state.
A peice of coarse mesh rush matting is stretched across the upper part of this

page_text: porous plate and secured to a wicker frame by loops. This forms the support
for the eggs which are placed thereon for incubation.
A cup is moulded in the interior of the nest evaporating pan, the upper part of
which extends a little way above the top of the eggs. Into this cup is placed such
salts in solution as are found in the blood, tissues and muscles. These by the action
of heat rise in a vapour and are diffused over the eggs like a perspiration or sweat
to represent a breast or body moisture, and passes in its course in conjunction
with the bottom moisture out at the holes in the top of the wall of the nest
evaporating pan.
.
A small bambo cane is cut into a short length, the pith removed forming it into
a tube, it is then passed through the wall of the nest evaporating pan for holding
the thermometer in a horizontal position level with the top of the eggs.
A stoneware, earthenware or ironstone tank or jar with circulating boiler with
flow and return pipes moulded thereon, or hot air pipe passing therethrough, and
for large sized incubators a copper, steel, or galvanized tank envelloped by a
stoneware, earthenware or ironstone jacket or casing with a porous tile, slate or
other slab at bottom, is mounted upon a metal standard above the nest evaporating
pan and eggs and radiates the heat thereon.
The said porous tile, slate or other slab has grooves cut or moulded therein for
forming moisture channels, and the channels are supplied with salts of a similar
nature and identical with those giving the breast and body moisture, from cups
placed round the sides at top, after the manner of a lubricating cup.
In action, the heat from the tank or jar throws off warmed moisture from the
porous slab, and diffuses the same over the eggs giving additional perspiration
of sweat vapour.
The nest evaporating pan is supported on a metal carriage and wheels for the
easy insertion and withdrawl without shaking the eggs, and it is kept in position
by three legs moulded on the bottom of the nest evaporating pan, which pass
through spiral springs into holes in the carriage frame. The spiral springs by
an upward pressure keeping the rim of the top of the nest evaporating pan Hush
with the porous slab to prevent the escape or loss of heat at that part.
The plug or stopper at the filling hole on top of the tank or jar is fitted to a
worm which conveys the condensed or evaporated steam to a drip receiver for use
again in replenishing the solutions.
The coil of the said worm passes through the top of a padded and ventilated
basket moulded in the form of a fowl, goose or duck situated at the top of the
tank or jars casing or jacket. Moss peat, sand, or suitable litter is put on the
bottom. The basket forming a drying box, and intermediate nursery for the
newly hatched chickens or waterfowl.
A woolen or wadding lined non-conducting pad is suspended by cords to
rollers outside the metal standard, and in an opposite direction to the nest evapo-
rating pan at its back, so that when the latter is pulled out for the examination
and cooling of the eggs, the pad is drawn under the porous slab and acts as a
cosy or heat retainer and prevents its radiation to the colder outside atmosphere.
A shield with holes and moveable grid top is mounted on a metal bearing round
and over the boiler, and forms an extending bracket on which the drip receiver
rests.
The entire external parts may be covered by a non-conducting material and the
outside thereof enveloped in rush, wicker or papier maché jacket.
A porous stoneware, earthenware or ironstone plate resting on legs may be
placed within the copper, steel or galvanized tank which provides a more uniform
temperature for regulating the heat.
Dated this 18th day of January 1898.

page_text: Improvements in the Construction of Stoneware, Earthenware and
Ironstone Incubators with Nursery Attachment.
I, JANE ANN HOOPER, of No. 58, Lewisham High Road, New Cross, in the
County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement:―
The nest evaporating pan is so constructed that its material whilst having greater
heat retaining qualities than wood or metal is also impervious to the action of
certain natural elements as natural soil salts and those present in and given
off by the tissues muscles and the like of fowls, waterfowl and game, in order
that such elements or salts may be applied to and used in artificial incubation in the
development of the embryo and assist in the aftergrowth, thus providing more,
natural surroundings during the incubating and hatching process.
For this I put into a water solution potassium nitrate, sodium chloride, calcium
sulphate, magnessium phosphate and iron chloride for a bottom moisture, and for
a over head moisture as representing a natural perspiration or sweat sodium
chloride, potassium phosphate and calcium phosphate.
The lower portable part wherein incubation occurs I designate the nest evaporat-
ing pan a, and it may be square, oblong, but preferably round in formation and
resembling the contour of a seed pan, with ventilating holes b round the top. A
sliding perforated collar or band with a drip gutter at bottom is kept in position
by pins passing through an abutting piece moulded on the side of the nest
evaporating pan with spiral springs round such pins thus forming an additional
ventilator when necessary.
The bottom of the nest evaporating pan a, has an inlet vertical pipe c, moulded
thereon, and extends a little way upwards for the inlet of air. An extending
lip dis moulded on the outer side for pouring in the solution representing the
ground moisture through an opening d 1. A perforated porous plate e fits easily
in the interior of the nest evaporating pan a, and is supported on legs 1 a space
being preserved between its underside and the top of the inlet pipe c so that the
incoming air may be diffused equally under the entire bottom of the perforated
porous plate and fill the space between it and the solution representing the ground
moisture.
A number of pieces of canvas, flannel or other fabric woven or formed into
cartridge shaped cylinders f and rimmed round at the upper end are inserted
through the porous plate e in a circle, the rimmed edge keeping them in position
on top, and the lower ends resting in or dipped in the ground moisture solution.
There is a slot or opening left in the cylinder above the solution so that air
impregnated with a moistened vapour can enter therein and pass up over the
upper part of the porous plate 7 and the fabric cylinders conveying the natural
moisture.
A piece of coarse mesh rush, wicker or matting g, g, is stretched across a frame
on the upper part of the porous plate e, this forms the support for the eggs which
are placed thereon for incubation.
A cup his moulded in the interior of the nest evaporating pan, the upper part
of which extends a little way above the top of the eggs. Into this cup is placed
sodium chloride, potassium phosphate and calcium phosphate in a water solution
as representing a breast and body moisture, and from this by the action of heat
rise as a vapour, is diffused over the eggs like a perspiration or sweat, and passes
in its course in conjunction with the bottom moisture out at the ventilation
holes 6 at the top of the wall of the nest evaporating pan.

page_text: A
A small bamboo cane i is cut into a short length, the pith removed forming it
into a tube, it is then passed through the wall of the nest evaporating pan a for
holding a thermometer in a horizontal position level with the top of the eggs.
stoneware, earthenware or ironstone tank or jar J with circulating boiler with
flow and return pipes J1 J1 moulded thereon, or, hot air pipe passing there-
through. And for large sized incubators a copper, steel or galvanized tank
enveloped by a stoneware earthenware or ironstone jacket or casing with a
porous tile, slate, or other slab m at bottom is mounted upon a standard above
the nest evaporating pan a and eggs. The said porous tile, slate or other slab
has grooves cut or moulded therein for forming moisture channels, and the said
channels are supplied with a solution similar and identical with that in cup h
as an additional breast moisture, and the supply effected by funnel shaped con-
tainers placed round the sides after the manner of a lubricating cup v.
In action the heat from the tank or jar throws off the warmed moisture from the
porous tile, slate or slab and diffuses the same over the eggs.
The nest evaporating pan a is supported on a metal carriage o and wheels for
the easy insertion and withdrawal without shaking the eggs, and it is kept in
position by three legs moulded on the bottom which pass through spiral springs p,
into holes in the carriage frame. The springs by an upward pressure keeping the
rim of the top of the nest evaporating pan a flush with the bottom of the porous
tile, slate or slab m to prevent the escape or loss of heat at that part.
A plug or stopper at the filling hole is fitted to a worm or pipe which conveys
the condensed or evaporated steam to a drip receiver or glass.
A padded and ventilated basket or box 9 is mounted on the top of the incubator,
forming a drying box and nursery, and a pipe in continuation of heat shield r
round the boiler is elbowed and passes over the top of the nursery 9 and conveys
the warm air thereover.
A woollen or wadded lined non-conducting pad is suspended by cords to rollers
outside the metal standard the other end is attached to the nest evaporating pan,
so that when the latter is pulled or drawn out for the examination and cooling
of the eggs the pad is drawn under the porous tile slate or slab and obviates the loss
of heat therefrom.
A shied with holes and moveable grid top x is mounted on a metal bearing
round and over the circulating boiler.
The entire external parts may be covered by non-conducting material and the
outer side thereof enveloped in a rush, wicker or papier maché jacket.
A stoneware, earthenware or ironstone plate t resting on legs may be placed
within the copper, steel or galvanized tank which provides a more uniform
temperature for the regulation of the radial heat downwards.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is:-
1. In these incubators the arrangement wherein the eggs are placed in a pan
adapted to contain in a water solution potassium nitrate, sodium chloride, calcium
sulphate, magnessium phosphate and iron chloride for bottom moisture and for
overhead moisture sodium chloride, potassium phosphate and calcium phosphate
as the breast moisture or perspiration to represent natural incubation, substan-
tially as herein before described.
2. In apparatus of the kind described in Claim ]
a vapour pan having inlet
and outlet holes, a cup for the reception of natural salts solution as a breast
moisture, a porous stand placed in the pan and provided with tubes of absorbent
materials which dips into the bottom moisture substantially as herein before
described.
3. The combination with an incubating apparatus of the kind described in
Claims 2, of an upper porous plate with moisture feeding cups which closes the
upper part of the pan and which is adapted when heated by any suitable apparatus

page_text: to radiate the vapour which it absorbs downwards upon the eggs contained in the
pan, substantially as hereinbefore described.
4. Incubating apparatus consisting of the pan a mounted on the carriage o
and having the outlet holes placed closely together entirely thereround, and
inlet pipes cc of the porous plate e having cylinders f and of the cup h and
upper porous plate m substantially as herein before described and illustrated.
Dated this 19th day of November 1898.
JANE ANN HOOPER.