CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS AND APPARATUS CONNECTED WITH LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1846

page_text: TO. ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOHN
HYDE, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Engineer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her present most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date at
Westminster, the Twenty-eighth day of May, in the ninth year of Her
reign, and in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and forty-six,
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said
John Hyde, Her especial licence, full power, sole privilege and authority,
that I, the said John Hyde, my exors, admors, and assigns, and such others
as I, the said John Hyde, my exors, adiñiors, or assigns, should at any
time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times during
the term of years therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within England and Wales and the Town of Berwick-upon-
Tweed, my Invention of "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS AND APPARATUS
CONNECTED WITH LOOMS FOR WEAVING;" in which said Letters Patent is con-
tained a proviso that I, the said John Hyde, shall cause a particular descrip-
tion of the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be enrolled in Her Majesty's High Court of Chancery within
six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said in part
recited Letters Patent, as in and by the same, reference being thereunto had,
will more fully and at large appear.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
John Ilyde, do hereby declaro that the nature of my Invention of Certain
Improvements in Looms and the Apparatus connected with Looms for Weav-
ing consist in the application of certain mechanical arrangements to looms,
and the apparatus connected with looms, by which the distress or wear and
tear of the warp threads in the fabric to be woven is much diminished, and
other advantages obtained, as will be herein-after described; and the manner
in which these certain improvements are to be performed and carried into
effect will be seen by reference to the annexed Drawings and the following
description. The scale to which the annexed Drawings are made is marked
thereon, and the same figure or letter of reference indicate the same part in
the various Figures represented in such Drawings.
Figure 1 represents an end view; Figure 2, an end view seen on the
opposite direction; Figure 3, a traverse section; Figure 4, a front view; and
Figure 5 a plan of a loom to which part of my improvements are applied,
such improvements being tinted blue, to distinguish them from the ordinary
parts of the loom.
My first improvement, or that by which the wear and tear of the warp is
diminished, is seen at A in the Figures 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5, and separate or
detached from the loom (a larger scale) at Figure 6. It consists of two
parallel rods, between which the warp is passed in the direction seen in a
red line at Figures 1 and 2. The lower of tliese rods acts as a fulcrum,
and is supported in the framing of the loom, while the upper rod over which
the warp passes is vibrated back and forward by means of the eccentric B
placed on the crank or driving shaft of the loom, so that the warp is slackened
or tightened at cach revolution of such shaft; and this tnppet B is so placed
as to relieve the warp at the time the shed is opened for the passing of the
shuttle, so that no extra tension is produced on the warp, the opening of the
shed being compensated for by the vibration of the upper rod at A, which
also takes up the warp on its return vibration ns the shed closes.
My second improvement consists in an arrangement for stopping the loom
as soon as the iveft breaks or is worked off the spool, and is represented at C,
Figures 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5, and separate, in detached parts, on an enlarged
scale, in Figures 7, 8, 9, 10, and 11. It consists of a series of stationary pius
or projections c', best seen at Figures 7, 9, and 11. which aro supported on
springs attaclied to the loom rails in front of the vibrating lay or slay, so that
anything being caught in the shed the spring bends and reassumes its former
position as soon as the obstacle is removed. Figure 6 represents another
method of obtaining the same effect. At the back of the lay or slay is placed

page_text: :
a shaft supporting two other series of pins or projections c³, see Figure 3 and
8, which pass through the respective openings between the stationary pins c¹.
at each vibration of the lay or slay when no medium is interposed to prevent
their passage.
But when the shuttle has passed and left the weft thread, the
passage of the pins between the pins c¹ is arrested, and the shaft on which
they are supported partially turned, so as to elevate the small projection c³,
which then passes over the projection d, see Figure 10, and the loom con- .
tinues in motion. But supposing the weft to have broken, and no longer to
resist the passage of the pins between the pins c', the projection comes in
contact with the projection d and forces it back. This latter projection d
is placed on a small shaft provided with the tappit d', see Figure 10, which
keeps the spring lever D in a position to keep the strap guider on the
fast pully of the loom; but as soon as the projection d is forced by the tappit
drelieves the spring lever D which carries the strap guider on to the
loose pulley, and the loom is no longer driven, and the further rotation of
the tappit brings it in contract with the break lever E, see Figure 1,
which lever is thus vibrated sidewise by the tappit d', thereby bringing the
curved part at the opposite extremity of the lever E between the tappit L
and the fly wheel on the driving shaft, by which the first and last movements
of the loom are arrested at the same moment of time, as will be readily traced
at Figure 1. A slight modification of this improvement is shewn at Figure 11,
when catches are substituted for the projections c³ and d, as there represented.
Figure 12 and 13 represents another arrangement, placed within the shuttle)
for the purpose of stopping the loom when the weft breaks. In this arrange-
ment a represents a sinall lever moving freely on its fulcrum. Through an
extremity of this lever the weft thread passes before leaving the shuttle, the
tension of which thread holds the lever a in the position seen at Figure 12.
The opposite end of the lever a is pressed by a small spiral spring, and a
moveable bolt or stud B is placed beneath the same end of the lever. Thus
while the weft thread continues whole, the bolt, crow, and spring remain
in the position seen at Figure 12, but as soon as the weft thread breaks and
frees this end of the lever a, through which it passes, the small spiral spring
no longer held back by the lever a forces out the bolt 6, as seen at Figure 13,
and stops the loom, as already described, by coming in contact with the
projection d, see Figure 10.
In addition to these improvements appertaining to the shuttle, I propose
to relieve the swell or stop on the entrance of the shuttle to the shuttle box
by means of the apparatus seen at Figure 14, F representing the crank
shaft of the loom, the crank of which comes in contact with the lever f

page_text: and depresses it at each revolution. This lever f moves on its fulcrum f',
and is provided with a small friction roller f at its opposite extremity, which
is then brought in contact with the finger of the stop rod and takes the
pressure off the swell, and allows it to retire just before the entrance of the
shuttle into its box.
My third improvement consists in an arrangement for taking up the cloth
as it is woven, and is best seen at Figure 2, where G represents a lever
moving on its fulcrum at g. One end of this lever is provided with catches or
dogs, taking in the ratchet wheel g', and the other end passing under the
revolving shaft g, on which is placed a cam or tappit, so that each revolution
of the shaft vibrates the lever G, and periodically moves forward the ratchet g',
the rotation of which is carried by a train of spur wheels to the shaft H, on
which is placed a cylinder covered with cards. Over this cylinder on the
shaft II the cloth passes, and is afterwards wound or taken up on the cylinder
I in a finished state. The cylinder I is driven by means of bands, as scen
at Figures 3, 4, and 5. Figure 21 represents the form of a bent lever for
the purpose of relieving the catches from the ratchet wheel g' when it is
-required to run back the cloth.
My fourth improvement consists in the construction and application of a
self-acting temple for keeping the cloth at a proper width while weaving.
This temple consists of a small cylindrical shaft revolving freely in elastic
supports attached to the loom, so that the shuttle or any hard substance
coming between the reed and the temple will force it back, and when removed
the temple will again reassume its former position, scen at K, Figures 2, 3, 4,
and 5, and separate, on an enlarged scale, at Figure 15. This cylindrical
shaft is covered with what is called fillet cards, wound in two spirals, meeting
in the middle or half distance from each extremity, and covered by a straight
celge or plate, between which and the cards the cloth is passed, so that the
continuous taking up of the cloth as it is woven revolves the temple shaft K,
and the two spiral fillets of cards force it out to its greatest width as it
proceeds. It is obvious that any series of points or trough surfaces similarly
arranged may be substituted for the cards above described.
My fifth improvement consists in a picking motion for moving the shuttle,
and is best seen in Figures 1, 2, 3, and 5, when L represents a cam or tappit
on a revolving shaft, which periodically forces back the upwright levers M, M,
moving on their fulcrums at m. To the upper extremity of these lovers are
attached straps or bands, which are also fastened respectively to the segmental
piece O, O, on each side of the loom, see Figure 5. The picking sticks p, p,
by which the pickers are inoved, are placed on the same shafts as the segments

page_text: 0, 0, so that the pickers are forced forward at each vibration of the levers
M, M, which proceeds from the cam or tappet L, as described.
My sixth and last improvements consists in the construction of a break or
dray on the warp or yarn beam, the construction and application of which is
seen at R, Figures 1, 2, and 3, and separate and on an enlarged scale at
Figures 18, 19, and 20, the position of which can be altered, if required,
and may be applied either to the flanges of the cloth beam. In Figures 1
and 2 the break or friction is above, and is tempered by a spring and set
screw r, as there represented, a modification of which is seen at Figure 20.
And in Figure 3 the break or friction is below, modified by a set screw
without the intervention of any spring, in which the pressure is imparted by a
V-shaped trough. Figure 18 represents an arrangement for effecting the
pressure by means of the weights, and Figure 19, an arrangement for
producing the same effect by the set screw r, these Figures being designed to
hold similar V-shaped troughs to those represented at Figure 3.
Having now described my various certain improvements in looms and
apparatus connected with looms for weaving, together with the manner in
which the same may be performed and carried into effect, I do not claim as
my Invention any of the well-known parts of such looms as are delineated or .
described for the purpose of showing the nature and application of my
Invention; but I do claim such arrangement and mechanical combinations as
are described and set forth under the six improvements herein-before described;
all which being, to the best of my knowledge and belief, now and never
before practised, I deliver this as my true and faithful Specification of the
same.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Hyde, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this Twenty-fourth day of November, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and forty-six

page_text: AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the Twenty-fourth day of Novem-
ber, in the year of our Lord 1846, the aforesaid John Hyde came before our
said Lady the Queen in Her Chancery, and acknowledged the Specification
aforesaid, and all and every thing therein contained and specified, in furin
abova written. And also the Specification aforesaid was stamped according
to the tenor of the Statute made for that purpose.
Enrolled the Twenty-seventh day of November, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and forty-six.