IMPROVEMENTS IN MEANS OR APPARATUS FOR CONDUCTING AND CONTROLLING THE FLOW OR PASSAGE OF WATER, GAS, OR OTHER FLUIDS OR VAPOURS
Year: 1875

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Brookes, of 62, Chancery Lanc, in the
County of Middlesex, Patent and Registration Agent, for the
Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MEANS OR APPARATUS FOR CONDUCTING
AND CONTROLLING THE FLOW OR PASSAGE OF WATER, GAS, OR OTHER FLUIDS OR
VAPOURS," a communication from abroad by Louis Alexandre Farjon,
of Brussels, in the Kingdom of Belgium, Engineer.
Scaled the 26th November 1875, and dated the 1st Juno 1875.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Brookes at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 1st June 1875.
I, WILLIAM BROOKES, of 62, Chancery Lane, in the County of
5 Middlesex, Patent and Registration Agent, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MEANS OB APPARATUS FOR
CONDUCTING AND CONTROLLING THE FLOW OR PASSAGE OF WATER, GAS, OR OTHER
FLUIDS OR VAPOURS," (a communication to him from abroad by Louis
Alexandre Farjon, of Brussels, in the Kingdom of Belgium, Engineer,)
to be as follows:-
One part of the improvements consists in forming on cach pipe

page_text: end a short conical projection or spigot capable of fitting into a
corresponding short conical depression or socket made to receive it in a
tubular joint piece used for connecting the said pipes together, or in
forming the short conical socket on one end of the pipe, and a short
conical projection or spigot on the other end; the effect of this form of
pipe being that less metal is required for a given length of piping than
when the ordinary socket joint is used; the said pipes have lugs cast
upon them for the insertion of bolts to secure them together.
The valves of the valve boxes are made to rest directly on their seats,
being ground so as to make a tight joint therewith; or the said valves
may have upon them an annular conical projection taking into a
circular groove of corresponding form made in the seat; or the annular
projection may be upon the seat so as to take into a corresponding
groove made in the valve. The said valves are actuated by means of
a rod or stem connected thereto by a pin or otherwise, a slight amount
of play being allowed to the said valve for it to adjust itself readily
upon its seat by its rod or stem, having upon it an india-rubber or other
clastic washer.
Motion may be given to the valve rod or stem cither by a screw or
spring, a double circular inclined plane, a lever, or excentric, or other
suitable means.
In the taps or cocks there is a hollow plug open at bottom fitting
loosely into a barrel, and kept tight therein by elastic packing inserted
between it and the inner surface of the said barrel, a suitable passage
being formed through the said plug and barrel for the outlet of the
fluid; or the cocks or taps may be made by inserting a tube of india-
rubber into a tubular or other suitable metallic case or pipe, provided
with a key or plug actuated from the outside, and capable of being made
to act upon the said india-rubber tube so as to press it together, and
thus close the cock or tap.
The joints of the pipes and cocks or valve boxes are as follows:-
Round the short conical spigot or projection formed on the end of the
pipe or joint piece, as hercin-before described, is placed a ring of india-
rubber, and the said spigot or projection is then inserted into the short
conical depression or socket above described, and the two are tightened
and secured together by screw bolts passing through the lugs on the
pipes. When each of the pipe ends to be joined together is formed with

page_text: a short conical socket, the joint is made by a tubular connecting piece,
both ends of which form short conical spigots upon which india-rubber
rings are placed, and the said connecting piece is then inserted into both
the sockets above mentioned, and when the two pipes are secured
together by screw bolts as above described, a tight joint is obtained, or
the connecting piece may be formed with two conical sockets, so as fit
corresponding short conical spigots upon the pipe ends to be joined.
together.
Another mode of joining pipes together consists in forming round
the ends of two pipes one or more grooves or ribs, and placing round
the said pipe ends one or more rings or bands of india-rubber, lead,
paper, or other suitable material, and placing upon the said band or
rings a collar or belt of iron, made in one or two pieces, cither plain
or with projecting edges, the free ends of which collar or belt aro
connected together by bolts and nuts, or by one or more clamps or
claws made to take on to dovetailed lugs formed on the ends of the said
collar or belt, the said clamps or claws being secured in position, if
required, by keys or wedges inserted between their inner surface and the
said lugs.
If preferred, an inner collar or belt may be placed between the said
rings or bands and the connecting collar or belt.
Another pipe joint is made by forming upon a flange on one pipo
end a conical annular projection taking into a corresponding annular
groove formed in a flange on the other pipe end, the two flanges being
connected together by a cap or box round one pipe, taking into a
projection on the other pipe by means of a bayonet joint; or a piece
of lead, or india-rubber, or other suitable material may be inserted
into an annular conical groove or depression formed in the face of each
pipe, the said pipes being joined together by clamps or claws on flanges
formed on the pipe ends.
When leaden pipes are used the joints may be made by inserting a
double cone of metal into the two pipe ends so that the said pipe ends
are extended where they meet. The pipes are then secured together by
a screw box passing over a metal ring on one pipe end and screwing
on to a second metal ring upon the other pipe end. Some of the joints
herein-before described are applicable for connecting the covers or other
parts of valve boxes to the body of the same.

page_text: For preventing small dribblings of water from passing unregistered
through the water meter there is a metal case, in which a vessel is
mounted on an axis, so as to turn over when full of water and when
empty to return to its place through the action of a weight. The said
apparatus is connected at its upper end with the water pipe, and at its
lower end to the water meter. Should any water dribble from the closed
water pipe instead of passing directly into the water meter it drips into
the vessel herein-before described, and it is only when the quantity of
water is sufficient to act upon the meter and be registered thereby, that
the said vessel turns over and the water it contains passes into the
meter.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said William Brookes in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 30th November 1875.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
BROOKES, of 62, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Patent
and Registration Agent, send greeting.
.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the First day of June, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-five, in the thirty-
eighth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said William Brookes, Her special license
that I, the said William Brookes, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, or such others as I, the said William Brookes, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agrec with, and no
others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MEANS OR APPARATUS FOR CONDUCTING AND CONTROLLING THE FLOW OR PASSAGE
OF WATER, GAS, OR OTHER FLUIDS, OR VAPOURS," a communication to me
from abroad by Louis Alexandre Farjon, of Brussels, in the Kingdom of
Belgium, Engineer, upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the
said William Brookes, my executors or administrators, by an instru-
ment in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals,

page_text: should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and
cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within
six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said
Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said William Brookes, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement thereof, that is to say :—
One part of the improvements consists in forming on each pipe end a
short conical projection or spigot capable of fitting into a corresponding
short conical depression or socket made to receive it in a tubular joint piece,
used for connecting the said pipes together, or in forming the short
conical socket on one end of the pipe, and a short conical projection or
spigot on the other end, the effect of this form of pipe being that less
metal is required for a given length of piping than when the ordinary
socket joint is used. The said pipes have lugs cast upon them for the
insertion of bolts to secure them together.
The valves of the valve boxes are made to rest directly on their seats
being ground, so as to make a tight joint therewith, or the said valves
may have upon them an annular conical projection taking into a circular
groove of corresponding form made in the seat, or the annular projection
may be upon the seat so as to take into a corresponding groove
made in the valve. The said valves are actuated by means of a rod or
stem connected thereto by a pin or otherwise, a slight amount of play
being allowed to the said valve for it to adjust itself readily upon its seat
by its rod or stem having upon it an india-rubber or other elastic washer.
Motion may be given to the valve rod or stem either by a screw or
spring, a double circular-inclined plane, a lever or excentric, or other
suitable means.
In the taps or cocks there is a hollow plug open at bottom fitting
loosely into a barrel and kept tight therein by clastic packing inserted
between it and the inner surface of the said barrel, a suitable passage
being formed through the said plug and barrel for the outlet of the fluid;
or the cocks or taps may be made by inserting a tube of india-rubber
into a tubular or other suitable metallic case or pipe provided with a key
or plug actuated from the outside and capable of being made to act

page_text: upon the said india-rubber tube so as to press it together, and thus close
the cock or tap.
The joints of the pipes and cocks or valve boxes are as follows :—
Round the short conical spigot or projection formed on the end of the
pipe or joint piece, as herein-before described, is placed a ring of india-
rubber, and the said spigot or projection is then inserted into the short
conical depression or socket above described, and the two are tightened
and secured together by screw bolts passing through the lugs on the pipes.
When cach of the pipe ends to be joined together is formed with a short
conical socket the joint is made by a tubular connecting piece, both ends
of which form short conical spigots, upon which india-rubber rings are
placed, and the said connecting piece is then inserted into both the
sockets above mentioned, and when the two pipes arc secured together
by screw bolts as above described a tight joint is obtained, or the con-
necting piece may be formed with two conical sockets so as to fit
corresponding short conical spigots upon the pipe ends to be joined
together.
Another mode of joining pipes together consists in forming round the
ends of two pipes one or more grooves or ribs, and placing round the
said pipe ends one or more rings or bands of india-rubber, lead, paper,
or other suitable material, and placing upon the said band or rings a
collar or belt of iron made in one or two pieces, either plain or with
projecting edges, the free ends of which collar or belt are connected
together by bolts and nuts, or by one or more clamps or claws made to
take on to dovetailed lugs formed on the ends of the said collar or belt,
the said clamps or claws being secured in position if required by keys
or wedges inserted between their inner surface and the said lugs.
If preferred an inner collar or belt may be placed between the said
rings or bands and the connecting collar or belt.
Another pipe joint is made by forming upon a flange on one pipe end
a conical annular projection taking into a corresponding annular groove
formed in a flange on the other pipe end, the two flanges being connected
together by a cap or box round one pipe, taking into a projection on the
other pipe by means of a bayonet joint; or a piece of lead or india-
rubber or other suitable material may be inserted into an annular conical
groove or depression formed in the face of each pipe, the said pipes

page_text: .
being joined together by clamps or claws on flanges formed on the pipe
ends.
When leaden pipes are used the joints may be made by inserting
a double cone of metal into the two pipe ends, so that the said pipe
ends are extended where they meet. The pipes are then secured
together by a screw box passing over a metal ring on one pipe end and
screwing on to a second metal ring upon the other pipe end. Some of
the joints hercin-before described are applicable for connecting the
covers or other parts of valve boxes to the body of the same.
For preventing small dribblings of water from passing unregistered
through the water meter there is a metal case in which a vessel is
mounted on an axis so as to turn over when full of water and when
empty to return to its place through the action of a weight. The said
apparatus is connected at its upper end with the water pipe, and at its
lower end to the water meter. Should any water dribble from the
closed water pipe instead of passing directly into the water meter it drips
into the vessel herein-before described, and it is only when the quantity
of water is sufficient to act upon the meter and be registered thereby
that the said vessel turns over and the water it contains passes into the
meter.
Having explained the nature of this Invention I will proceed to
describe with reference to the accompanying Drawings, means pursued
in carrying the same into effect,―
Figures 1, 2, and 3 represent in longitudinal section parts of pipes
formed and connected together according to this Invention. In
Figures 1 and 3 a, a, represents portions of two pipes on the ends of
which are formed short conical projections or spigots a', a', a¹, a', which
projections or spigots fit into corresponding short conical depressions or
sockets b¹, b', in the tubular joint pieces b, b, used for connecting the
said pipes together. In Figure 2 short conical depressions or sockets
a', a', are formed in the pipe ends a, a, and corresponding short conical
projections or spigots are formed upon the joint piece b; each of the
said pipe ends have lugs c, c, (not shewn in Figure 3) cast upon them for
the insertion of bolts d to secure them together. The joints of the said
pipes are formed by placing round each of the short conical spigots or
projections a', a', Figures 1 and 3, and b', ', Figure 2, a ring of india-
rubber or other suitable material f, f, and inserting the said spigots into

page_text: their corresponding sockets, and compressing the said rings by tigang
or screwing up the bolts d, d, as will be readily understood. In Figures 1
and 2 the rings on one side are represented compressed, and on the
other side they are represented before they are compressed by screwing
up the bolts d.
Figure 4 illustrates the application of this part of the Invention to a
tap or cock, which cock or tap 9 is connected to two pipe ends a, a, by a
short conical spigot formed on one side, and a short conical socket on the
other, taking respectively into a corresponding socket and spigot formed
on the pipe ends, india-rubber rings being inserted and the pipe ends
bolted together, as described in reference to Figures 1, 2, and 3.
Figure 5 represents in elevation partly in section a series of several
pipes and cocks or valve boxes joined together as herein-before described,
and it will be seen that the cover A' of the cock or valve box A is con-
nected to the said valve box A in a similar manner.
Other modes of joining pipes together are represented in elevation
partly in section in Figures 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, and 11. In Figure 6 the
two pipe ends a, a, have upon them projecting ribs in which are formed
grooves a¹, in which grooves are inserted rings of india-rubber or other
suitable material, and over the said rings is a metal collar b, herein-after
described, binding the pipe ends together, and compressing the said rings
so as to form a tight joint.
In Figure 7 each of the pipe ends a, a, is formed with a series of
grooves and ribs a' upon it. And upon the said grooves and ribs a' is
a ring or band of india-rubber or other suitable material a, the pipe
ends being secured together by the metal collar or belt herein-after
described.
In Figure 8 the ends of the pipes a, a, have ribs formed upon them,
as shewn, and upon the said ribs is a ring or band of india-rubber or
other suitable material a' confined by a metal belt a³, which metal
belt is secured in position by a second metal belt b herein-after
described.
In Figure 9 the ends of the pipes a, a, arc formed with projecting
flanges or ribs upon them, the said flanges or ribs being covered by a
band of india-rubber or other suitable material q', which band is

page_text: confined by a metal collar a² over which is tightened a second collar or
belt herein-after described.
Figure 10 represents two pipes a, a, the ends of which pipes are
formed, as herein-before described in reference to Figure 7. In
Figure 10 two rings or bands of india-rubber or other suitable material a¹
are used one on each pipe end, and the said pipes are joined together by a
metal collar or belt herein-after described, the edges of which collar
project inwards over the rings or bands a¹.
In Figure 11 the ends of the pipes a, a, are made conical, as shewn;
over the said conical ends is a band of india-rubber or other suitable
material a¹ upon which is placed an inner metal belt a³, the whole
being tightened up by the metal belt or collar 6 herein-after described.
Figures 12, 13, 14, 15, and 16, represent views of different modes of
constructing and securing in position upon the pipe ends, the belts or
collars (referred to in relation to Figures 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, and 11). The
belt or collar represented in Figure 12, consists of a metal ring, the
free ends of which are flanged at b', the said flanges being attached one
to the other by a screw bolt c. In Figure 13 the belt or collar is
made in two halves, the free ends of which are flanged at b¹, b¹, and
connected together by screw bolts c, c. In Figure 14 the belt or
collar 6 consists of a metal ring, on the outside of the free ends of which
ring are formed angular projections 6', 6', which when the ends of the
ring are brought together form together a dovetailed projection upon
which takes a clamp which is tightened and secured in position by keys,
as seen in Figure 15, in which 6 represents the belt or ring b', b', the
angular or dovetailed projections, and c the clamp secured and tightened
in position by the keys or wedges d.
In Figure 16 the belt or collar 6 is made in two pieces secured
together by two clamps c, c', of the same character as the clamp c,
represented in Figure 15, except that the clamp c' fits directly upon
the lower dovetail 6', 6', without keys or wedges, such being un-
necessary.
Figure 17 shews in elevation partly in section another pipe joint;
Figure 18 is a side elevation of the same; and Figure 19 is an end view
of the same partly in section. a, a, are the pipes upon the ends of
which are formed the ribs a¹, a¹; e, e, are one or two rings or bands of

page_text: india-rubber or other suitable material, and bis the metal collar
or belt securing the pipe ends together by means of the clamp c and
keys d.
Figure 20 represents a pipe joint of a similar character to that
represented in Figures 17, 18, and 19, employed for joining together a
pipe and cock or valve box.
Figure 21 represents a pipe joint formed by a pipe a, the end a¹ of
which is formed with a conical rib upon it taking into a short socket
formed in the end of a valve box or tap b, the space between the rib a¹
and socket being filled in with lead or other suitable material, and
the two pipes secured together by screw bolts & passing through
lugs c, c.
Figure 22 represents in elevation partly in section leaden pipes,
joined together and to cocks or valve boxes. According to this Inven-
tion a, a', are two leaden pipes; the said pipes a, a', are joined to the
cocks or valve boxes by conical tubular ends b', on the said cocks or
valvo boxes being forced into the end of the said pipes, and the pipes are
secured in position by the metal caps c provided with flanges c', which
caps c are passed on to the pipe and are bolted to the flanges 6 on the
cocks or valve boxes, as seen in elevation at the end of the pipe a'. If
preferred, the cap c may be made to screw on to the end of the cock or
valve box. The two pipes a, a', are joined together by means of a
double cone inserted into the ends of the said pipes, which pipes
are joined together by the two metal caps c, c, bolted together, as
shewn.
Figure 23 represents elevation and sectional views of a simple arrange-
ment for controlling and intercepting the flow of fluids through an
elastic pipe. Upon the pipe a is placed a box or frame in which a
piston c is made to rise or fall by the action of a cam lever d. When
the said cam lever is in the position represented in the Drawing the
piston c is elevated and the pipe is open, but when the said lever is
turned over to the other side its cam & forces down the piston c upon
the tube a and closes the passage through it.
Figure 24 represents a tap or cock A, in which is an india-rubber or
clastic tube a, the passage through which may be intercepted wholly or
partially by means of a plunger c actuated by a cam lever d capable of
raising or lowering the said plunger c as required.

page_text: Figure 25 represents a section, a plan, and a side clevation of a tap
or cock a, the passage through which is opened and closed by means of
a disc valve screwed on to the plunger b', which may be forced down
to close the passage through the cock or tap by means of the cam lever d.
c is a washer or diaphragm of india-rubber firmly attached by its
periplicry to the body of the cock or tap, as shown. The said washer or
diaphragm c forms a fluid tight partition between the cover and body of
Figure 25 represents a section, a plan, and a side clevation of a tap
or cock a, the passage through which is opened and closed by means of
a disc valve b screwed on to the plunger b', which may be forced down
to close the passage through the cock or tap by means of the cam lever d.
c is a washer or diaphragm of india-rubber firmly attached by its
periplicry to the body of the cock or tap, as shown. The said washer or
diaphragm c forms a fluid tight partition between the cover and body of
the cock or tap, and is a substitute for packing.
Figure 26 represents in section another form of cock or tap in which
an india-rubber or other elastic washer or diaphragm c is used in place
of ordinary packing.
Figure 27 represents in section a cock or tap a in which the passago
is closed by a leather valve screwed to a rod c, round which is bound
an india-rubber tube d, the upper end of which tube is secured to the
cock or tap a by a conical metal washer which also serves to guide the
rod c. Motion is given to the valve rod c by a cam lever fsimilar to
the cam lever shewn in Figure 28, which represents in elevation a cock
or tap of a similar description to that shewn by Figure 27, but of a
slightly different shape. The india-rubber tube d, Figure 27, forms a
fluid tight packing to the cock or tap, and is substituted for the ordinary
packing. If preferred for the rod c may be substituted a hollow plug
fitting loosely into the barrel of the cock, and kept tight therein by an
clastic tube or packing between it and the surface of the barrel, a
passage being formed through the plug and packing; the passage being
opened or closed by turning the said plug in either direction.
Figure 28 represents in section a tap or cock intended for use when
a considerable
of water or liquid has to be overcome. The said
pressure
tap or cock is provided with a tubular box a closed at top and having
apertures a¹, a', in its periphery for the passage of the liquid. The said
apertures a¹, a', may be opened and closed at pleasure by means of the
cylindrical cap which fits upon the box a and receives motion from
the screwed stem c actuated by the hand lever d. It will be seen that
all escape of water between the cover and fixed part of the cock or
tap is prevented by a circular angular projection f' on
taking into an annular groove in the moveable top d.
for making fluid-tight joints between the parts of cocks
the said part f
Similar means
or taps or valve
boxes are represented in Figures 20, 20°, 20°, 20°, and Figure 33. In

page_text: Figures 20, 20, 20, and 33, motion is given to the valves a closing the
passages of the cocks or valve boxes A by means of blocks b, b¹, the
adjoining surfaces of which form two circular inclined planes; by giving
partial motion to one of the said blocks the valves are caused to advance
as required, and the joints are rendered fluid tight by an annular ridgo
or rib f¹ taking into a corresponding annular groove formed in the cock
or valve box. In Figure 20° motion is given to the valve a by means of
a screwed rod working in a tubular piece b. Upon the said tubular piece b
is formed an annular rib f¹ which takes into a corresponding annular
groove made in the cock or valve box, and secures a fluid-tight joint.
Figure 29 represents a tap or valve box, the passage through which is
opened and closed by a valve a. The said valve is made fluid-tight
upon its seat by an annular projection f' on the body of the cock or
valve box taking into a corresponding annular groove or depression in
the valve a.
It will be readily understood that the annular groove may, if preferred,
be made in the cock or valve box, and the corresponding annular pro-
jection upon the valve. Pipes may be joined together in like manner
by an annular projection on the face of one pipe end taking into an
annular groove or depression in the face of the other pipe end, the pipes!
being secured together by bolts or other suitable means.
In cocks and valve boxes in which the passage through them is
opened and closed by means of a valve affixed rigidly upon the end of
a rod, block, or other actuating means, it is found that the said valves
do not always form a fluid-tight joint with their seats. To avoid this
defect a certain degree of play or clasticity should be given to the said
valves at their point of attachment to the rod, block, or means of
actuating them, so that the said valves may readily adjust themselves
on their seats so as to avoid leakage. For this purpose, according to
this Invention, an india-rubber washer or ring is inserted between the
valve and its rod or actuating means, giving the required elasticity
to the valve, and enabling it readily to take its right place on its seat.
This arrangement is illustrated in Figures 20, 204, 20°, 20°, 20°, 26,
29, and 30, each of which Figures represents a cock or valve box, in
which the passages are opened and closed by means of a valve a, and it å
will be seen that in each case a washer or ring of india-rubber, indicated

page_text: in red and marked g, is inserted between the said valves and their rods
or actuating means.
Figure 31 represents a simple form of stop-cock; and Figure 32
represents a longitudinal and a transverse section of a water cock or tap,
in which the water passage through the tap is of large section; it consists
of an outer case a, in which fits a hollow chest b, having through it a
passage of a section at least equal to that of the pipes to which it is
connected. The construction of this cock or tap will be readily under-
stood from the Drawing.
Figure 33 represents in elevation, partly in section, an apparatus con-
structed according to this Invention, for the purpose of preventing small
dribblings of water from passing unregistered through the water meter.
a is a metal case, in which a vessel b is mounted on an axis 6', so as to
turn over when full of water, and when empty to return to its place
through the action of a weight e suspended at b. The said vessel bis
connected at its upper end to the water pipo d from
box A, and at its lower end to the water meter x.
dribble through the tap or cock A instead of passing directly into the
water meter it drips into the vessel b, and it is only when the quantity
of water is sufficient to act upon the meter and be registered that the
vessel a turns over, and the water it contains passes into the meter.
the cock or valve
Should any water
Having now described the nature of the Invention, and means pursued
in carrying the same into effect, I wish it to be understood that I do not
confine myself to the precise details herein-before described and illus-
trated in the accompanying Drawings, as the same may be varied without
departing from the nature of the Invention; but I claim as the
Invention of improvements in means or apparatus for conducting and
controlling the flow or passage of water, gas, or other fluids or
vapours,―
Firstly. The improvements herein-before described and illustrated in
Figures 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 of the accompanying Drawings in the construc-
tion and joints of pipes, that is to say, forming on each pipe end a short
conical projection or spigot capable of fitting into a corresponding short
conical depression or socket made to receive it in a tubular joint piece,
or forming the conical projection on the joint piece and the conical
depression in the pipe end, the said pipes being provided with lugs for
the insertion of bolts to secure them together, and joining the pipes

page_text: Eighthly. The apparatus herein-before described and illustrated in
Figure 33 of the accompanying Drawings for preventing dribblings of
water from passing unregistered through the water meter.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Brookes, have hercunto
sct my hand and scal, this Thirtieth day of November, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-
fivc.
WILLIAM BROOKES. (L.S.)