AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE MANUFACTURE OF UMBRELLAS AND PARASOLS
Year: 1856

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Sangster, of 75, Cheapside, in the County of
Middlesex, for the Invention of "AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE MANUFACTURE
OF UMBRELLAS AND PARASOLS."
Sealed the 22nd August 1856, and dated the 23rd February 1856.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Sangster at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
23rd February 1856.
I, WILLIAM SANGSTER, of 75, Cheapside, in the County of Middlesex, do
hereby declare the nature of the Invention for AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF UMBRELLAS AND PARASOLS," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object an improvement in the manufacture of
umbrellas and parasols, and consists of applying warp fabrics for covers in:
combination with suitable frames. Heretofore warp and shuttle woven fabrics
have been generally employed for the covers of umbrellas and parasols. I have,
however, lately described in the Specification of a Patent granted to me the
application of traverse-warp warp fabrics (that is, fabrics wherein the warps in
addition to looping into each other also traverse from selvage to selvage), for
the covers of the frames of umbrellas and parasols. Now I have discovered
that ordinary or straight down warp fabrics, wherein the warps simply loop into
each other, and proceed lengthwise of the fabrics, without traversing from selvage
to selvage, may be employed with advantage for the covers of umbrellas and:

page_text: parasols; and my present improvement consists in applying such fabrics in the
making of umbrellas and parasols. Each cover is made in one piece without
seams over the ribs; and advantage is taken of the elasticity of such fabrics in
order to fit a cover to the frame, and the elasticity is restrained between the
ends of the ribs by introducing a marginal cord.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said William Sangster in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
23rd August 1856.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
SANGSTER, of 75, Cheapside, in the County of Middlesex, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-third day of February, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-six, in the nineteenth
year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and
grant unto me, the said William Sangster, Her special licence that I, the
said William Sangster, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such
others as I, the said William Sangster, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time
and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and
lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom
of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an
Invention for AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE MANUFACTURE OF UMBRELLAS AND
PARASOLS, upon the condition (amongst others): that I, the said William
Sangster, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under
my or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and
ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal
Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the
date of the 'said Letters Patent.
*NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said William Sangster, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed,
to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement
thereof, that is to say:-
This Invention has for its object an improvement in the manufacture of
umbrellas and parasols, and consists of applying warp fabrics for covers in

page_text: combination with suitable frames. Heretofore warp and shuttle woven fabrics
have been generally employed for the covers of umbrellas and parasols. I have,
however, lately described in the Specification of a Patent granted to me the
application of traverse-warp warp fabrics (that is, fabrics wherein the warps
in addition to looping into each other also traverse from selvage to selvage)
for the covers of the frames of umbrellas and parasols. Now I have discovered
that ordinary or straight down warp fabrics, wherein the warps simply loop into
each other, and proceed lengthwise of the fabrics without traversing from
selvage to selvage, may be employed with advantage for the covers of umbrellas
and parasols; and my present improvement consists in applying such fabrics
in the making of umbrellas and parasols. Each cover is made in one piece
without seams over the ribs; and advantage is taken of the elasticity of such
fabrics in order to fit a cover to the frame, and the elasticity is retained between
the ends of the ribs by introducing a marginal cord.
Having thus stated the nature of my said Invention, I will proceed
more fully to describe the manner of performing the same. I have warp fabrics
manufactured of silk or other material; and as untraversed warp fabrics are
somewhat more elastic in one direction than the other, I prefer not to cut the
piece for covering a suitable frame of the radial length from the centre all
round; on the contrary, in those directions where the fabric is most elastic or
extending, I cut the fabric of somewhat less radius in the directions of the
greatest elasticity, and I bind in a cord at the outer edge so as to prevent the
fabric stretching between the ends of the ribs. I would however state, that
the binding in of a cord for such purposes is not new when combined with other
fabrics, but is so when using untraversed warp fabrics in the making of um-
brellas and parasols. The covering when of untraversed warp fabric is in other
respects to be fixed and applied to the frame in the ordinary manner.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Sangster, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Twenty-third day of August, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-six.
Witness,
JNO. ALCOCK.
WILLIAM SANGSTER. (L.S.)