IMPROVE- MENTS IN WEAVING CARPETS, TAPESTRY, AND SIMILAR FABRICS, AND IN APPARATUS POR THE SAME
Year: 1862

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Jean Benjamin Coquatrix, of Rue Folie Mericourt,
Paris, in the Empire of France, Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN WEAVING CARPETS, TAPESTRY, AND SIMILAR FABRICS, AND IN
APPARATUS POR THE SAME."
Sealed the 3rd October 1862, and dated the 26th June 1862.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Jean Benjamin Coquatrix
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 26th June 1862.
I, JEAN BENJAMIN COQUATRIX, of Rue Folie Mericourt, Paris,. in the
Empire of France, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN WEAVING CARPETS, TAPESTRY, AND SIMILAR FABRICS
AND IN APPARATUS FOR THE SAME," to be as follows:-
According to my Invention I'employ a much larger number of warp threads
than usual, which constitutes the chief feature of my Invention, as it enables
me to make a fabric in a fine gobelin or tapestry stitch the same as that
made by ladies by hand. My tissue, which I term "Mosaic Carpet or
Furniture Coquatrix," is at the same time much more solid than the gobelin
and tapestry stitch as made by hand. I form the weft of a number of threads
of flax twisted together, which secures the wool threads, which result has never
before been attained either by hand or mechanically as I can prove.
My improvements may be applied to all kinds of looms at a trifling expense
of from ten to fifteen shillings.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Jean Benjamin Coquatrix in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 22nd December 1862.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JEAN
BENJAMIN COQUATRIX, of Rue Folie Mericourt, Paris, in the Empire of France,
Engineer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-sixth day of June, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-two, in the twenty-sixth year of Her reign,
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said
Jean Benjamin Coquatrix, Her special licence that I, the said Jean Benjamin
Coquatrix, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as
I, the said Jean Benjamin Coquatrix, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time
and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and law-
fully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of
Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN WEAVING CARPETS, TAPESTRY, AND SIMILAR FABRICS,
AND IN APPARATUS FOR THE SAME," upon the condition (amongst others) that
I, the said Jean Benjamin Coquatrix, my executors or administrators, by an
instrument, in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals,
should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention and
in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to
be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Jean Benjamin Coquatrix, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement, reference being had to the Sheet of Drawings, hereunto
annexed, and to the letters and figures marked thereon (that is to say):
1
:-
Hitherto in the manufacture of carpets as well as of all other descriptions
of fabrics, the question of cheapness has been too often considered at the expense
of the quality of the fabric.
"My Invention rests on an entirely different basis. My object being to
obtain a fabric which shall be more lasting than any hitherto made. To
obtain this result I have had many difficulties to overcome. It is twenty
years since the first idea occurred to me, and fifteen years ago I obtained a
Patent, for what I considered as a realization of my idea, but at this period

page_text: my experiments were only carried out on a small scale. About two years ago I
put my first idea into execution which I then found to be impracticable, I
then thought of proceeding in another way which has succeeded beyond my
greatest expectations.
This improvement which forms the essential feature of my Invention is so
simple that it can neither be improved nor modified, & consists in passing the warp
threads through two reeds fixed opposite each other in the batten of the loom.
By using two reeds instead of one as usual in weaving all kinds of fabrics, I
am enabled to use a much larger number of threads, and also of producing by
án arrangement of the warp a tapestry stitch which has hitherto only been
effected by hand. The stitch of which my improved carpets are made is that
termed "Gobelin" stitch or fine tapestry done with a needle; I thus obtain
a much more regular and stronger work than that done by hand, which is not
problematical as I manufacture these carpets daily. The designs which I
weave at the present time are suitable for arm and other chairs.
Latterly I have also effected a very simple improvement in looms which
costs two-thirds less, requires less room, and by which I am enabled to make
one-third more material of much larger size, and lastly to produce a much
more regular stitch, only in this arrangement designs cannot be made of such
large dimensions as in the preceding instance, although they may be made

page_text: passing through a groove, at the extremity of which is a small lead ball for
exerting tension on the warp.. Figs. 4 and 5 show front and side elevations
of my improved loom simplified. a, frame of the loom; b, jacquard, as this is
well known I have only marked its position; c, batten carrying the two reeds;
d, roller or breast beam furnished with pins for stretching the fabric; e, compass
board; f, beam receiving the finished work; g, weights for winding on the
fabric; h, h', weights of the heddles; i, finished work;j, three beams on which
are wound the warp threads; m, n, cross pieces supporting the frame and
over which the fabric passes; o, ordinary regulator, the gearing being shown
by red circles; p, small treadle fixed to the treadle q of the jacquard, for
imparting motion by means of the latter to the regulator. Fig. 6 represents.
a detail view for showing the passage of the threads through the two reeds.
There are eight threads in each tooth of the reed separated in fours, in the
back reed the operation would be the same were I to use twelve threads.
Having described the nature of my Invention and the manner of per-
forming the same I declare that what I claim as my Invention to be pro-
tected by the herein-before in part recited Letters Patent, is the exclusive
use of two reeds in the battens of looms through which the warp threads,
I also
pass, as constituting the distinguishing feature of my Invention.
claim weaving carpets termed "mosaic coquatrix.' in gobelin or fine tapestry
stitch similar to that done with the needle.
In witness whereof, I, the said Jean Benjamin Coquatrix, have here-
unto set my hand and seal, this Tenth day of December, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-two.
Witness,
W. CLARK,
Patent Agent,
53, Chancery Lane,
London.
COQUATRIX. (L.S.)