IM- PROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF ORGANS AND IN THE APPLICATION OF ELECTRICITY THERETO
Year: 1868

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Henry Bryceson, John Bryceson, and Thomas
Honor Morten, all of 4, Stanhope Street, Euston Road, in the
Parish of Saint Pancras, Middlesex, for the Invention of "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF ORGANS AND IN THE APPLICATION
OF ELECTRICITY THERETO"
Sealed the 25th September 1868, and dated the 6th April 1868.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Henry Bryceson,
John Bryceson, and Thomas Honor Morten at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on the 6th April
18GS.
We, HENRY BRYCESON, JOHN BRYCESON, and THOMAS HONOR
MORTEN, all of 4, Stanhope Street, Euston Road, in the Parish of
Saint Pancras, Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF ORGANS AND IN THE
APPLICATION OF ELECTRICITY THERETO," to be as follows:-
These improvements refer to a special construction of sound board
pallets to be used either with an electric or mechanical key, or pedal

page_text: action whereby a perfectly light touch is obtained without the aid
of an additional or intermediate pneumatic power bellows. Also a
special combination and arrangement of pneumatic power bellows and
electro-maguets for working the sound board slides by which much
complicated mechanism is avoided. Also a special arrangement of
contacts for electric combination movements of the stops. The pallet
is a diagonal bellows consisting of top and bottom boards and ribs.
The upper side of the top board is covered with soft leather, and forms
a valve bedding close on the sound board bars. It is kept in this
position when at rest by a spring pushing from the bottom board.
The back end of the bottom board is fitted into a hole in the wind
bar provided for it, and has a groove through it communicating with
the interior of the bellows. The front end of the bottom board is
fixed sufficiently far below the top board as to distend the ribs to
their full extent. The principle of opening this pallet is that when an
exhaust is created in the interior of the bellows the top board will be
drawn down, and allow the compressed air which is around it to pass
into the sound board groove to the pipes placed in communication with
it. The pressure of the compressed air in the well of the sound board
ou the ribs of the bellows is alone under certain circumstances sufficient
to pull the top board from the sound board bar, on the air contained
in the bellows being allowed to escape. To close the pallet the exhaust
is stopped, and the compressed air from the well of the sound board
is allowed to enter the bellows, which immediately raises the top board
to its original position against the sound board bar. The inflation
and exhaustion of the bellows is determined by the relative position
of a double action valve brought into action either by an electro-
magnet or any of the known mechanical movements used to com-
municate the motion of the key to the usual pallets in the sound
board. The mode of applying this pallet to a sound board, which
from its size requires two pallets to admit the wind to eacli note,
and of the same pressure from each pallet, is as follows:-The
wind bar is placed near the centre of the sound board, and three
channels one above the other run the whole length of it. From
the top channel, which is next the sound board bar, the air is
exhausted by a pair of inverted bellows placed in any convenient
position, and connected by means of a trunk. The bottom channel is
filled with compressed air of the same pressure as that supplied to the
well of the sound board. The grooves from the back ends of the bottom

page_text: boards of the pallets are arranged on each side of the wind bar, each
pair supplying the same groove and placed opposite each other, and
continued through the sides of the wind bar into the middle channel,
which is divided of into as many chambers as there are pairs of pallets,
each chamber being immediately between its pallets. Holes are made
in the partitions of these chambers from the exhaust and supply
channels, and in this chamber is placed a double-action valve composed
of two discs attached to a vertical rod, and provided with seats on the
inside of the top and bottom partitions of the chambers. This valve
when in a state of rest closes the hole connecting the exhaust channel
with the chamber, and opens the hole connecting the supply channel,
allowing the compressed air to enter the chamber, and pass through
the groove into the interior of the pallet, and force the top board
securely against the sound board bar. On pressing the finger key or
pedal the vertical rod is drawn down either by electro-magnetic or
mechanical agency. This action closes the supply hole, and opens
the exhaust hole, which allows the air contained in the pallet to be
exhausted, and the top board to be drawn down. Immediately on
releasing the finger key or pedal the double-action valve returns to
its original position, and the pallet being inflated rises to the sound
board bar. When one set of pallets are sufficient to supply the sound
board, the arrangement of the channels and double-action valves remain
the same. In applying this pallet to sound boards with two pressures
of wind the sound board may either be made in one or two pieces. - II'
in cne piece the wind bar will be placed immediately over the division
of the grooves in the sound board; if in two pieces the wind bars of
each will be placed on the inside edges, so that they will be side by
side when mounted in position. The grooves from the back ends of
the bottom boards of the pallets will be continued at right angles out
through the bottom boards of the sound boards. Immediately under
each pair of pallets are five chambers communicating with each other
by four holes. The communication between these chambers is governed
by the position of a double-action valve, consisting of four discs attached
to a horizontal rod, and having seats on the sides of the partitions.
The two outer chambers contain the same pressure of wind as that
contained in the part of the sound board immediately above them. The
centre chamber has the air exhausted from it; the two remaining
chambers communicate directly with the grooves leading through the
wind bar to the interior of the pallets. The four discs or valves ate so

page_text: arranged on the sides of the partitions that when the horizontal rod is
at rest it is held by a spring, and the supply from the outside chambers
can pass into the adjacent chambers communicating with the pallets,
and the centre exhaust chamber is cut off on both sides, and the top
board of the pallet is pressed against the sound board bar. On pressing
the key or pedal, either by electro-magnetic or mechanical means, the
horizontal rol is moved to one end, thereby altering the position of
the discs, or valves cutting off the supply chambers, and opening the
communication with the exhaust, so that the upper board of the pallet
is drawn down. On releasing the key or pedal the spring returns the
horizontal rod to its original position, and the compressed air is again
admitted to the pallet, and the exhaust cut off. For drawing and
shutting the slides a pneumatic power bellows of sufficient size is
established on a fixed table, and the slide to be acted on is connected
by a lever or other mechanical arrangement to the moving part of the
power bellows. Three chambers are fixed on the feverse side of the
table these chambers communicate with each other by two holes in
the partitions between them, but this communication is determined by
the position of a double-action valve, consisting of a rod and two discs,
with suitable seats on the partitions. The chamber at one end is
supplied with a pressure of air from bellows connected with this
chamber by a trunk. The other end chamber has the air exhausted
from it by means of inverted bellows also connected by a trunk to the
chamber. The middle chamber communicates with the interior of the
power bellows. When the double-action valve is pulled to one end it
removes one disc from its seat on the partition of the supply chamber.
and closes the hole in the exhaust chamber, allowing the compressed
air to inflate the power bellows, and move the sound board slide one
way. On reversing the valve the supply chamber is cut off, and
communication with the exhaust chamber is established, causing the
power bellows to collapse, and move the sound-board slide in the
reverse direction. This double-action valve can be commanded by the
draw stop knob at the keys either by a mechanical arrangement of
levers or squares, or both combined with connecting rods, or the
application of electricity and electro-magnets. If electricity be employed
it will be necessary for economy to introduce intermediate or accessory
power bellows, the accessory bellows being supplied by a separate disc
valve from the supply chamber of the main power bellows, and may
be actuated by two electro-magnets.

page_text: The means by which the two distinct positions of the double-action
valve of the main-power bellows is insured is as follows:-Two electro.
magnets are placed in such a position that their armatures can act
on the rod carrying the disc valve that admits compressed air to and
discharges it from the accessory power bellows. These accessory bellows
are connected to the rod of the main double-action valve which actuates
the main power bellows that move the slide. Thus by moving a
draw stop at the keys one way a contact is made which results in a
current of electricity, actuates one electro-magnet, closing the escape
valve of the accessory bellows, and at the same time opening the supply
valve which allows the compressed air to inflate the accessory bellows,
and pull the rod of the main double-action valve one way. On moving
the draw stop at the keys in the reverse direction a contact is made
which actuates the second electro-magnet, reversing the position of the
disc valve of the accessory bellows, cutting off the supply, and allowing
the air to escape, which, collapsing the accessory bellows reverses the
position of the main double-action valve. When a double-action draw
stop movement with one electro-magnet and one pneumatic power
bellows is to be used in conjunction with an electric signal a pneumatic
power bellows is established on a fixed table, on the reverse side of
which are three chambers. These chambers communicate with each
other, and also with the atmosphere by four holes in the partitions
between them, and placed opposite each other. This communication
is regulated by the position of a double-action valve, composed of a
rod and four discs, having suitable seats on the partitions. The two
end chambers also communicate through the table with the interior of
the power bellows. The centre chamber contains compressed air
supplied by a pair of bellows connected to the chamber by a trunk.
The double-action valve is held by a suitable spring in such a position
that two of the valves or discs close the holes on each side of the
supply chamber, and the remaining two open the holes communicating
with the atmosphere; the power bellows are consequently collapsed when
in a state of rest. The double-action valve may be reversed by an
ordinary mechanical draw stop action, or by the armature of an electro-
magnet attached to its rod, the armature of which when attracted
overcomes the resistance of the spring, and pulls the double-action
valve till. the two discs open the holes in the supply chamber,
and the other two discs close the holes communicating with the
atmosphere. In this position the compressed air from the supply

page_text: chamber inflates the power bellows; on releasing the armature of the
electro-magnet the spring returns the double-action valve to its original
position, and the power bellows collapse. The electro-magnet is is brought
into action by contact made or broken by the depression of a knob
placed conveniently near the finger keys. The motion of the pneumatic
power bellows is communicated to the slide by a mechanical arrange-
ment which shifts the slide alternately on or off each time thè bellows
are inflated.
One form of mechanism for which may be described as follows:-
A rod having a head containing a notch on each side is hinged at
right angles on the moving part of the pneumatic power bellows.
Two squares are centered on a table over it, having their middle
arins extended towards each other; their top arms are both connected
to a trace attached directly or indirectly to the slide. The bottom
arms are likewise connected by a trace carrying a spring. When the
Tsquares are at half action the two middle arms are exactly level,
and the rod from the bellows is in the centre between them, the slide
is also half drawn. The straight spring attached to the lower trace is
connected to the rod, and in this position is at rest. On raising the
middle arm of the left T square the trace to the slide is pulled to the
left, but the lower trace holding the spring is pushed to the right;
therefore immediately the bellows collapse and relieve the notch of
the rod from the left square it will be carried in its descent to the
right by the spring under the middle arm of the right square which
has been depressed by the rising of the left square. The next time
the bellows are inflated the centre arm of the right square will be
raised and the left depressed, and on the bellows falling the rod will
be carried by the spring across to the left; thus the slide is moved
alternately each way by the same motion of the pneumatic power
bellows. As a depression of the knob at the keys either brings the
slide on or takes it off, and in both cases returns to the same position,
it is necessary for the convenience of the player that an index should
shew the actual position in which the slide had been moved.
This index is arranged as follows:-Immediately behind the knob
or in a convenient position near it a hole is made in the drawstop
jamb or bank; behind this hole a lever works carrying on one arm
two labels; this lever is so balanced that when at rest the label
indicating the slide closed appears behind the hole; the other arm of

page_text: the lever is attached to the armnature of an electro-magnet.
For a composition movement in
action a T square is connected
Two contact pieces are fixed to
The slide
on moving is arranged to make contact, actuating the electro-maguet;
the motion of the armature causes the lever to carry the label
indicating the slide opened in front of the. hole. Immediately the
slide is pushed in contact will be broken, and the first label returns
to its position behind the hole.
connection with an electric draw stop
to each slide by the middle arm.
the ends of the other two arms of the T square, and by the move-
ment of the slide are alternately brought into action; these contact
pieces arc in circuit with the electro-magnet working the same slide,
and the current is made or broken by the depression of a knob or pedal
at the key board. When contact is made the slide is immediately
moved. Should the slide be already in the required position it will
not be affected as the circuit will be broken.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Heury Bryceson, John Bryceson, and Thomas
Honor Morten in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 6th October
1868.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, HENRY
BRYCESON, JOHN BRYCESON, and THOMAS HONOR
HONOR MORTEN, all of
44, Stanhope Street, Euston Road, in the Parish of Saint Pancras,
Middlesex, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Sixth day of April, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-eight, in the thirty-
first year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give
and grant unto us, the said Heury Bryceson, John Bryceson, and
Thomas Honor Morten, Her special licence that we, the said Henry
Bryceson, John Bryceson, and Thomas Honor Morten, our executors,
administrators, and assigns, or such others, as we, the said Henry
Bryceson, John Bryceson, and Thomas Honor Morten, our executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no
others, from time to time, and at all times thereafter during the
term therein expressed, should, and lawfully might make, use, exercise,
and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland,

page_text: "
the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF ORGANS AND IN THE APPLICATION OF ELECTRICITY
THERETO,' upon the condition (amongst others) that we, the said
Henry Bryceson, John Bryceson, and Thomas Honor Morten, our
executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under our,
or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe
and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the
same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the
Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and imme-
diately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said John Bryceson, on behalf of
myself and of the said Henry Bryceson, and Thomas Honor Morten,
do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement, reference being had
to the Drawings hereunto annexed, and to the letters and figures
marked thereon (that is to say):-
These improvements refer, first, to an improved construction of sound
board pallets to be used either with an electric action or with a mechanical
key or pedal action, the object of this part of our improvements being to
produce or obtain a perfectly light "touch" without the aid of an
additional or intermediate pneumatic power bellows.
The next improvement relates to a novel combination and arrange-
ment of pneumatic power bellows and electro-magnets for working the
sound board slides, by means of which improvement much complicated
Imechanism is avoided.
The last improvement relates to a novel arrangement of contacts for
electric apparatus for working combination movements connected with
the stops.
The several Figures in Sheet 1. represent various modifications of
the first part of the Invention.
Fig. 1 is a longitudinal vertical section of a double pallet; Fig. 2 is
a similar view of a single pallet.
The improved pallet consists of a diagonal bellows formed with top
and bottom boards a and a¹ and clastic or flexible ribs. The bottom
board a¹ of the pallet or bellows is fixed, and the top one a is hinged at

page_text: one end and its upper side is covered with soft leather and forms a
valve, which beds close against the under side of the sound board bars b.
This top board is kept in this position when at rest by a spring c
attached to the bottom board. The back end of the bottom board is
fitted into a hole in the wind bar d, so that the hole d' communicates
with the interior of the pallet or bellows. The front end of the bottom
board is fixed sufficiently far below the top board as to distend the ribs
to their full extent. The principle of opening this pallet is that when
an exhaust is created in the interior of the bellows the top board a will
be drawn down and will allow the compressed air which is around it to
pass into the compartment A of the sound board, and from thence
through the draw stop slides e, c, when any of them are open to the
pipes placed in communication with the sound board. The pressure of
the compressed air in the well or lower chamber of the sound board
on the flexible sides or ribs of the bellows is alone sufficient to collapse the
bellows and pull the top board a from the sound board bar b, when the
air contained in the bellows is allowed to escape. If the bellows is
collapsed in this manner the use of an exhaust to draw out the air
may of course be dispensed with. In order to close the pallet the
exhaust is stopped and the compressed air is allowed to enter the bellows,
which immediately raises the top board a to its original position against
the sound board bar. The inflation and exhaustion of the bellows is
determined by the relative position of the double-action valve g brought
into action either by an electro-magnet as at h in the several Figures or
by any of the known mechanical movements used to communicate the
motion of the key to the usual pallets in the sound board: Fig. 1
represents the mode of applying this pallet to a sound board, which
from its size requires two pallets to admit sufficient wind for each
note and of the same pressure from each pallet. The wind bar dis
placed near the centre of the sound board and is provided with three
channels i,,, one above the other. These channels run the whole
length of the sound board. From the bottom channel i the air is
exhausted by a pair of inverted bellows not shewn in the Drawing, but
placed in any convenient position and connected with it by means of a
trunk or in any other convenient manner. The top channel ¿¹ which is
next the sound board is filled with compressed air of the same pressure
The holes or
as that supplied to the well f of the sound board.
apertures from the back ends of the bottom boards of the pallets are
arranged on each side of the wind bar d. The pair of pallets supply
B

page_text: y
the same compartment or chamber A of the sound board with air and
are placed opposite to each other; they are connected by the holes d¹
made through the sides of the wind bar with the middle channel 12
which is divided off into as many cells or small chambers as there are
pairs of pallets, each cell or chamber 12 being placed immediately between
its pallets. Holes are made in the partitions between these chambers
from the exhaust and supply channels, and in this middle cell a
chamber is placed a double-action valve g composed of two discs
attached to a vertical rod and provided with scats on the inside of the
top and bottom partitions of the channels and ; this valve
when
in a state of rest closes the hole connecting the exhaust channel i with
the middle cell or chamber i2 and opens the hole connecting the supply
cell or channel ¹, thereby allowing the compressed air to enter the
chamber and pass through the holes d', d', into the interior of the
pallets or small bellows, and force the top board A securely against the
sound board bar b. On pressing the finger key or pedal of the organ
the vertical rod of the valve g is either drawn down or pushed up
according to the position of electro-magnet or other mechanical
agency. This action closes the supply hole or valve in the channel i
and opens the hole leading to the exhaust chanuel i and thus allows
the air contained in the pallet to be exhausted and the top board a to be
drawn down. Immediately on releasing the finger key or pedal the
double-action valve 9 returns to its original position, and the pallet
being inflated again rises up to the sound board bar b. When one set of
pallets are sufficient to supply the sound board the channels and double-
action valves are arranged as is shewn in Fig. 2, which represents a single
pallet arrangement.
In applying this improved .construction of pallet to sound boards,
supplied with wind at two different pressures, the sound board may
either be made in one or two pieces. If in one piece the wind bar
will be placed immediately over the division of the grooves in the
sound board. If the sound board is made in two pieces, as shewn in
Fig. 3, the wind bars d of each will be placed on the inside edges so
that they will be side by side when mounted in position. Upon
referring to Fig. 3 it will be seen that immediately under each pair of
pallets are five chambers communicating with each other by four
holes. The communication between these chambers is governed by the
position of a double-actioned valve consisting of four discs y³, g³, attached

page_text: to a horizontal rod y and having seats on the sides of the partitions t
between the chambers. The two outer chambers i, *, contain the same
pressure of wind as that contained in the parts A, A", of the sound
board immediately above them. The centre chamber has the air
exhausted from it. The two remaining chambers and **,
communicate directly with the holes d', d¹, leading through the wind
bar d to the interior of the pallets. The four discs or valves g³, g³, are
so arranged on the sides of the partitions of the chambers i, 1, 2, 12, 2**,
that when the horizontal rod is at rest it is held by a spring ; and the
supply of wind from the outside chambers i', i*, can pass into the
adjacent chambers 1, **, communicating through the holes c, d, with
the pallets, and the centre exhaust chamber will be cut off on both
sides, and the top board « of the pallet will be pressed against the sound
board bar ; on pressing the key or pedal either by eléctro-magnetic or
mechanical means the horizontal rod will be moved towards the right
hand end, thereby altering the position of the discs or valves g³ and
cutting off the communication with the supply chambers and **,
and opening the communication with the exhaust i so that the upper
board a of the pallet will be drawn down. On releasing the key or
pedal the spring will return the horizontal rod g to its original
position and the compressed air will be again admitted from
through and ** to the pallet and the exhaust in i will be cut off.
and i*,
For drawing and shutting the slides a pneumatic power bellows of
sufficient size is established on a fixed vertical board as shewn at Fig. 4,
and the slide to be acted on is connected by a lever and rod or other
mechanical arrangement to the moving part of the power bellows. In
the Figure it will be seen that three chambers k, l,, are fixed on the
reverse side of the vertical table l. These chambers communicate
with each other by two holes in the partitions between them, but this
communication is determined by the position of a double-action valve
consisting of a rod m and two discs m³, m³, with suitable seats on the
partitions. The upper chamber & is supplied with a pressure of air from
bellows connected with this chamber by a trunk, but not shewn in the
Drawing. The other chamber has the air exhausted from it by any
convenient means. The middle chamber communicates with the
interior of the power bellows 2. When the double-action valve rod n
is pulled down it removes one disc m' from its seat on the partition of
the supply chamber k, and closes the hole in the exhaust chamber

page_text: thereby allowing the compressed air to pass through the chamber ¹
into the power bellows n, and thereby through the rod o to move the
sound board slide one way. On reversing the valve the wind from the
supply chamber is cut off, and communication with the exhaust
chamber is established, thereby causing the power bellows n to
collapse as shewn at Fig. 4 and move the rod o and the sound board
slide in the reverse direction. This double-action valve can be
commanded by the draw stop knob at the keys either by a mechanical
arrangement of levers combined with connecting rods or by the
application of electricity and electro-magnets. If electricity be
employed it will be necessary for economy to introduce intermediate or
accessory power bellows. The accessory bellows shown at p, in Fig. 4,
is supplied by a separate disc valve 2 from the supply chamber » in
connection with the main power bellows, and may be actuated by two
electro-magnets 8, 1.
The means by which the two distinct positions of the double action
valve of the main power bellows is insured is as follows:-The two
electro-magnets 's, s¹, are placed in such a position that their armatures
can act on the rod q', carrying the disc valve that admits compressed air
to and discharges it from the accessory power bellows p. These accessory
bellows are connected to the rod m of the main double-action valve
which actuates the main power bellows that moves the slide through
the rod o. Thus by moving a draw stop at the keys one way a contact
is made which completes an electric circuit and produces a current of
electricity which actuates one electro-magnets, and closes the escape
valve of the accessory bellows, and at the same time opens the supply
valve which allows the compressed air from the chamber to inflate
the accessory bellows and pull the rod m of the main double-action valve
one way. On moving the draw stop at the keys in the reverse direction a
contact is made which actuates the second electro-magnet s¹, and thereby
reversing the position of the disc valve 9 of the accessory bellows P,
and cutting off the supply and allowing the air to escape from the
bellows into the atmosphere. The accessory bellows will thereby collapse
and reverse the position of the main double-action valve.
Fig. 5 is a modification of the above two pneumatic power bellows,
n, n', being employed in combination.
The two bellows n, n', are
adapted to the two vertical boards 1, 1, between which are arranged the
compressed air and exhaust chambers and their valves. In this instance
the bellows are worked on the exhaust principle; " is the exhaust

page_text: chamber from which the air is exhausted in any convenient manner;
m, m', are valves for connecting the chamber ¹ with the chambers 2, k²,
which are in communication with the pneumatic bellows n, n. The
valves m, m', are worked by means of the accessory bellows p as in the
former instance, and the rod o of the draw stop slide is shewn in the
Figure as having been drawn over to the right. Now if the electro-
magnet s is put in action it will attract its armature and draw down
the valve rod and cut off the supply of compressed air to the
bellows p, and at the same time open the communication through the
lower valve 7 with the atmosphere. The bellows p will then collapse
and draw down the rod and close the top valves m, m, and open the
bottom ones. The air from the bellows n¹ will then rush into the
exhaust chamber ¹, and the bellows will collapse and thereby push
the rod o in the opposite direction, and at the same time open the other
bellows n, which will be inflated from the chamber 2, which is in
communication with the atmosphere.
Where a double-action draw stop movement with one electro-magnet
and one pneumatic power bellows is to be used in conjunction with an
electric sigual, à pneumatic power bellows is established on a fixed
table, as shewn in Sheet II. of the Drawings. On the under side of
this table a are three chambers 1, 2, 3. These chambers communicate
with each other and also with the atmosphere by four holes in the
partitions between them. This communication is regulated by the
position of double-action valves b, b, composed of rods and discs as
before described. The end chamber 2 communicates through the
table a and with the interior of the power bellows c. The chamber 1
contains compressed air, which is supplied by a pair of bellows or
otherwise. The double-action valve rod is operated by an accessory
bellows d, which when required is inflated by air from the chamber 1
which passes therefrom through a valve 6' into the chamber 8, and
from thence to the bellows d. The valve b is controlled by the
electro-magnet e, the armature of which is connected to the valve rod,
as shewn in the Drawing, but in the absence of electric agency this
valve rod may be actuated by any other suitable mechanical device.
The electric circuit is completed, and the magnet e caused to act on
its armature by depressing the stop button f situated near thé manuals,
and to the stem of the button are attached two light springs f¹, which
bear against blocks formed of wood, ivory, or some other suitable
non-conducting substance. Strips of metal g₁ are secured to the

page_text: blocks g, and are connected by the screws with the electric wires
which lead to the magnets e and the battery, as shewn in the Drawing.
The lower end of the shauk or spindle of the button is provided with
a spring which will return the button to its original position when the
pressure of the performer's hand is removed therefrom. It will be
obvious that every time the button f is depressed it will complete the
clectric circuit and will electrize the magnet e, which, by attracting its
armature will lift the valve rod and open its valve so as to allow
wind from the pressure chamber 1 to pass through the chamber 3 into
the accessory bellows & and inflate the same, and by so doing will draw
back the valve rod band open the communication between the chambers
1 and 2 so as to allow the wind to pass into and inflate the pneumatic
power bellows c.
This action will raise a rocking rod, which is
provided at its upper end with two shoulders i, . Two bell crank
levers j, j, are connected by a link motion to the draw stop slide
of the scund board A. The upper arms of the levers ;, j, are jointed
to the link ', and therefore both of them move simultaneously. The
lower arm of the lever j is jointed to a slide 1, which is provided with
a flat spring m, the lower end of which bears against pius fixed in the
rocking rod i. The horizontal arms of the levers j, j, are provided
with projecting pins against which the shoulders,, of the rocking
rod are caused to act alternately. When the bellows c is inflated as
shewn in the Drawing, one of the shoulders of the rod i will come
against the pin of one of the levers i, j, and by lifting the same will
push forward the link, and at the same time will draw back the
slide, and thus put tension on the spring m. Upon the performer
taking his finger off the button f, and allowing it to rise, the electric
circuit will be broken, and the position of the valves and will con-
sequently be reversed; the bellows c and d will then collapse and be
ready for a second operation. Upon the button f being again depressed,
the same operations will be repeated, but the rod i will by the tension
of the spring m be thrown over in the opposite direction as indicated
by dots, and will bring the other shoulder under the pin of the
other lever j, so that when the rod i rises by the inflation of the
bellows c, the link and draw stop slide will be drawn in the opposite
direction to that before described. As a depression of the button
or knob at the keys or manual either brings the draw stop slide on or
takes it off (and in both cases the button returns to the same position)
it is necessary for the convenience of the player than an index

page_text: should shew the actual position in which the slide had been moved and
has been left. The index is arranged as follows:-Immediately behind
the button or knob f, or in any other convenient position near it, a
hole p is made in the draw stop jamb or front board; behind this hole
works a lever q, shewn by dots in the detached Fig. 6, and carrying at
one end a colored disc or label 2¹. This lever 7 is so balanced on its
centre of motion that when at rest a fixed disc (indicating that the
side is closed) appears behind the hole p. The opposite end of the
lever is attached by a rod or wire to the armature of an electro-
magnet s which is in connection with a battery 1 and the slide / of
the draw stop slide /*. At the end of the slide there is a fixed block u
made of some non-conducting material and provided with two metal
plates to form terminals. On the end of the slide is fixed a forked
spring
When the slide is moved back by giving motion to and
drawing out the draw stop slide k, as already explained, the spring
will be brought into contact with the terminals on the block u, and
by completing the circuit the electric current will pass through the
electro-maguets, which by acting on the armature s will draw down
one end of the lever q, and raise the colored discs q! behind the
hole h, and thus indicate that the draw stop slide is open. Upon
depressing the button a second time in order to close the draw stop
slide, as already, explained, the slide will be drawn back into the
position shewn in the Drawing, and the electric circuit being thereby
broken the lever 7 with its disc will fall into its original position
(shewn in the Drawing), thereby indicating to the player that the stop
is closed.
For a composition movement in connection with an electric draw stop
action a bell crank lever is connected to each slide by the middle
arm of the lever, as shewn at Fig. 7, Sheet I. Two metal springs v1, v2,
are fixed at the ends of the other two arms of the lever v, and by the
movement of the draw stop slide are alternately brought into contact
with the metal surface of the blocks , w¹. These metal springs vl, v²,
are by means of the conducting wire x in connection with one of the
poles of the electro-magnet which works the slide of that particular
draw stop.
On the depression of a knob or pedal placed in a convenient
position at the keyboard or console, an electric communication will be
established from one pole of the battery to the terminals of each of the
bell crank levers, the current can only pass through those levers v

page_text: which are in a suitable position. For instance, the Drawing, Fig. 7,
represents the stop open, that is, with the spring piece of the lever v
in metallic contact with the block w, thereby completing the circuit
so as to allow that slide to be withdrawn. Should any of the stops of
the composition be already withdrawn or closed, the lever would be
in the position indicated by dots, and therefore the circuit would be
broken and no effect would be produced; but if it be required to open
the stops the other knob must be depressed, and the electric current
would then pass to the blocks w¹, and from thence through such of the
springs as should be in contact therewith (as indicated by the dotted
lines) to the lever and thence to the magnet.
If, however, any of
the stops should happen already to be open, the lever
would be in the
position shewn in the Drawing, and consequently the springs
would
not be in metallic contact with the blocks w¹, and the circuit not being
complete no effect would be produced on those particular slides.
Witness,
J. W. MOFFATT,
66, Chancery Lane.
JOHN BRYCESON. (L.s.)