Improvements in the Manufacture of Steel Plated and Gated Ingots, and in the Moulds for same.
Year: 1890

page_text: Date of Application, 6th May, 1890
Complete Specification Left, 6th Feb., 1891-Accepted, 14th Mar.,
1891
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Manufacture of Steel Plated and Gated Ingots,
and in the Moulds for same.
:-
1, JAMES NEILL, of Bailey Street, Sheffield, in the County of York, Steel
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of my invention to be as follows:
The object of this invention is to avoid certain defects which may invariably he
found in the steel portion of plated and gated ingots made by any of the methods
now in use.
In the present state of the art, the iron, or low quality of steel, which forms the
body or bulk of the compound ingot, is first cast in the ingot mould, which has a
removable side-plate held to the mould by encircling iron rings and wedges as is
well known; these are then quickly knocked off, a different side-plate (which leaves
the required space) is secured in a similar manner to the former one, and the molten
steel is poured in, filling the space and welding to the hot face of the iron. It is a
peculiarity of this method of pouring the steel for the gate or face, after the iron or
borly of the ingot, that the steel portion is more or less permeated with minute holes
which are perhaps difficult to trace after the ingot has been hammered or otherwise
drawn down to a bar, but are none the less detectable imperfections, and it is to
avoid these defects entirely, or to a very large extent, that I have invented the
following process and means of carrying it into effect.
I propose therefore to first cast the face or gate portion of the ingot, which it will
be understood is the finest quality of steel, generally being for the cutting edge (and
I may here remark that the "gate" is usually one of the corners of a square ingot,
the steel running longitudinally throughout the length of the ingot,) and by this
reversed process, instead of having molten steel acting upon the face of the iron
just removed from a molten state, and extracting therefrom the elements of the
before mentioned defects, I have a clean body of steel partly fixed or set to which
the body of molten iron, or low-temper steel, adheres but does not affect deleteriously.
The casting of the two parts must be effected with great rapidity, and with ingot-
moulds as heretofore constructed it would be difficult to accomplish, I therefore
propose, (to enable the metal division plates used in the process, to be secured
firmly during "teeming the molten metal, and to be rapidly removed when the
second teeming " is to be effected,) to raise or elongate the division plate and the
corresponding part of the ingot mould, above the top of the said mould.
For example in a corner gated ingot, 1 raise the corner of the mould say two or
three inches, and I lengthen the corner division-plate in a similar manner, so that I
can hold them together by a ring placed over the top, in the same way that the body
of the mould and the front plate are held together, or I may employ any other
device upon the projecting parts for that purpose, to enable the division-plate to he
instantly released without disturbing the outer frame of the mould itself.
I prefer to make a rebate or shoulder down the interior of the ingot-mould for the
edges of the division-plate to fit against, to prevent the escape of the molten steel,
and form a shallow recess in the bottom of the mould to receive the end of the
division plate.
11
1
1800

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Manufacture of Steel Plated and Gated Ingots,
and in the Moulds for same.
1, JAMES NEILL, of Bailey Street. Sheffield, in the County of York. Steel
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention, and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and a-certaines in and
by the following statement:
་་
The object of this invention is to enable me to produce a superior quality of
com notam ingots, technically known as "plated and "gatel ingots. by
avoiding the defects u nally found in snel ingot, when mede by present niealis,
L'accomplish this object by the use of specially constructed ingat moulds, which
cuable me successfully to east the superior quality and smaller quantity of steel for
the gate or plate first, which is a very important factor, and to inake the alteration
required in the mould between the first and second misting with the requisite
rapidity but with it to be under tonal that I make no claim to casting the two
qualities of metal in the onder above mentioned, per en
It is not necessary to terapiimbie here the imperfections of snel ingots as are
at present made by the old processes, they are well known to the trade, and are
described in the Provisional Specification hereto annexed, but 1 can enabled by
the improvement- hereinafter de cribed to produce such compound ingots with a
perfiet junction, and with superior steel absolutely solid, and free from
honey conah" or air-hole-," I am also able to "top" the steel portion so as to
remove the "pipe” and to disclose the temper, as in the case of ordinary crucible
east steel ingot-
66
"
In the aumeved sheet of drawings I have illustrated my improvements in ingot
moulds, similar letters of reference imlicate imilar part in any of the figures,
Fig. 1. is a perspective elevation of an improved ingot mould for gated ingots,
ringed up ready for casting the corner gate: it is provided with a removable base,
Fig. 2. the chief part of the body of mould A. inside view, and plan,
Fig. 3, ide view of same.
Fig. 4. inside view and plan of side plate B.
Fig. 6. angle plate (.
Figs. 1, 7, 8, front elevation, back elevation, and plan of removable base.
Fig. 9, three views of division plate for plated ingots.
Fig. 10, plan of removable base for use with same.
Fig. 11. plan of base as used for making ingots with keyed centre gates.
Fig. 12, plan of mould with angle pieces in position.
1 construct my improved ingot mould for gated ingots as follows: promising that
although have described and shown in the drawings a mould with a removable
base, may carry out my improvements in moulds having a solid or fast base, in
which case prefer to form a rebate on the free of the mould for the edges of the
angle piece to abut against so as to make a perfect joint.
I make the chief part or body A of any desired dimensions, and at one corner I
continue the metal vertically, forming the extension D, say for example three
inches above the body, as seen in Figs. 1, 2, 3.
The bottom edge of the part A, is cut off square and on each side is a projecting
solid key or wedge picee E, for the purpose of securing it to the base F.
The front plate or cover B, Fig. I and 4, corresponds with the body in height
and width, and the vertical edges are related, so as to form a close joint at G, to
prevent any escape of molten metal.
When put together they are secured by rings and wedges II, in the usual manner.
The base F, Figs. 6, 7, 8, is provided with hooked Ings I, to receive the keys or
wedges 1, on the body A, and with a raised central floor J, closely fitting inside
the parts A and B, when they are put together.

page_text: The angle piece or division plate-C, Fig. 5, which is used in the position shown
in Fig. 1, is to form the mould in which the steel for the corner gate is to be cast :
it is held firmly in position by a ring passed round its upper part and the extension D,
and wedged.
Its bottom end stands upon that part of the base marked L, Fig. 8, which is
made lower than the floor J, so as to form a shoulder M, which prevents it moving
away from the part A.
The part of the base N, is level with the floor J, and is preferably hollowed
in the centre, but this hollow forms no part of my invention.
The second ledge or shoulder (), round the part N, is to prevent any movement
of, and to assist in retaining the cast steel gate piece in its vertical position when
the angle piece is removed, before pouring in the iron or mild steel which is to form
the body of the ingot.
By the construction of the mould as before described, I am enabled to cast the
corner gate first, with an extension for topping-to release it rapidly, to keep its
surfaces from the chilling effect of contact with cold air until the last moment, and
to support it in its vertical position while the body of metal is being poured into the
monld, and thus to produce a combination ingot with perfect consolidation at the
junction of the two parts, and without honeycomb or blowholes.
In the application of the invention to moulds for "plated" ingots, I use a base of
similar general construction but having a ridge or shoulder P. formed across its
floor J, where required, see Fig. 10, the division plate Q, Fig. 9, is made with an
extension R, of the same height as the extension D, and projecting forward so that
its edges will fit against the face of the mould, and act in a similar manner and
for the same purpose as the extension in C, in the mould for gated ingots.
The inclined projection S, Fig. 9, is to enable the lower end of the plate to be
held firmly against the ledge P, Fig. 10, by means of a block at the end of a rod
being forced down between it and the side of the mould.
In casting an ingot with keyed or dovetailed centre gate I use a base plate either
fast or removable, having a part T of the shape and size of the gate and raised from
the floor .J. I use two angle pieces V, V, resembling those marked C, but having
an acute angle as shown in Fig. 12, these two angle pieces when put together fit
against and round the raised part T of the base in Fig. 11 and against the back of
ingot and its extension and are held in such position by a ring and wedge applied in
a similar manner to that shown in Fig. 1.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. An ingot mould for the production of steel gated ingots, constructed with an
extension D, a correspondingly elongated angle piece C, capable of being held in
position by a ring as shown in Fig. 1, a removable base F, provided with lugs 1. to
engage with keys or strips E, a raised floor J, recess L, and ridges O, and M,
substantially as hereinbefore described and illustrated.
2. In ingot moulds for the production of gated ingots a removable base provided
with lugs I, or equivalent coupling devices-a raised floor J, supporting ridges O
and M, in combination substantially as hereinbefore described, and shown in
Figs. 6, 7, 8, of the drawings.
3. In ingot moulds for the production of plated ingots, a removable bise
provided with lugs I, or equivalents a raised Hoor J. and a supporting ridge P,
substantially as hereinbefore described and shown in Fig. 10.
4. In ingot moulds for the production of plated and gated ingots, an extension D,
and a correspondingly elongated angle or division plate, for the double purpose of
enabling the parts to be secured by a ring, and to form a topping head, substantially
as hereinbefore described and as shown in Figs. 1, 2, 3, 5.
5. An ingot mould for casting ingots with a keyed or dovetailed centre gate,

page_text: constructed with an extension above the top edge of the body of mould in combina-
tion with two angle pieces V, V, similarly elongated to correspond therewith, and a
hase provided with a raised part T, against which the angle pieces fit and are held,
substantially as hereinbefore described and as illustrated in Figs. 11 and 12.
Dated the Fourth day of February 1891.
ROBT. F. DRURY, Fel. Inst. P.A.,
Bank Buildings. George Street, Sheffield, Agent for Applicant.