Improvements in Rear Driving Safety Bicycles or like Vehicles.
Year: 1893

page_text: Date of Application, 21st Dec., 1893
Complete Specification Left, 21st Sept., 1894-Accepted, 27th Oct., 1894
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Rear Driving Safety Bicycles or like Vehicles.
We, MARCEL BOUDARD, Jacquard Manufacturer and CORNELIUS HENRY
CRAWLEY, Machinist, both of Peveril Works, Peveril Street in the Borough of
Nottingham, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:
This invention relates more particularly to improvements in the driving arrange-
ment of rear driving safety bicycles or like vehicles described in the Specification
of Letters Patent No. 1779 of Jan. 26th 1893 in which the speed of revolution
of the driving chain wheel is raised to the desired extent above that of the crank
axle by gearing whereby the ratio between the driving and driven chain wheels may
be reduced, or equal wheels employed, or the ratio reversed.
In one of our improved arrangements a spur wheel is secured to the crank axle
between the crank and bearing, the teeth of which wheel engage with the teeth of
a second spur wheel carried by a pivot secured to the framing; secured to the side
of or formed with the second wheel is a third wheel the teeth of which engage with
a fourth wheel rotating freely on the crank axle and secured to the fourth wheel is
the driving chain wheel and both are preferably mounted on ball bearings of suitable
construction.
be
In a modification of the above arrangement the second and third wheels may
carried by an axis rotating in a bearing which may be a duplicate of that of the
crank axle; with this arrangement the third wheel may be mounted on the reverse
end of the axis to the second wheel and the fourth wheel, to which the driving
chain wheel is secured, may be placed on the opposite side of the crank axle bracket
bearing to the first wheel.
In connection with either of the before described arrangements the fourth spur
wheel and chain wheel may be carried on a sleeve rotating in the bottom bracket
bearing and also forming a bearing for the crank axle as described in the Specifi-
cation of Letters Patent cited. Or the chain wheel may be secured to the
additional axis to which is also secured the third spur wheel; with this arrange-
ment the second wheel is mounted on an independent axis suitably placed and
engages both with the first and third wheel.
In an alternative arrangement a bevel wheel is secured to the crank axle on one
side of the bracket bearing, the teeth of which engage with a second bevel wheel
rotating on a pivot secured preferably on the underside of the bracket bearing at
right angles to the crank axle. Secured to the second bevel wheel is a spur wheel
which engages with a second spur wheel carried by a second axis parallel to the
first; and secured to the second spur wheel is a third bevel wheel which engages
with a fourth bevel wheel rotating freely on the crank axle on the opposite side of
the bearing to the first bevel wheel.
The chain wheel is secured to the fourth bevel wheel both of which may be
mounted on ball bearings on the crank axle.
The intermediate wheels may also be mounted on ball bearings and their
disposition and construction may be modified as may also the number employed.
In a further arrangement cycloidal gear or a modification thereof may be
employed. In this case an annular wheel is secured to or forms part of the bottom
bracket the teeth of which are arranged concentrically with the crank axle.
Rotating freely on the crank axle is a spur wheel and between it and the annular
wheel and engaging with both are one or more independent intermediate wheels.
The intermediate wheels may be pivotted on arms or a disc secured to or forming

page_text: part of the crank axle or on arms or a disc secured to or forming part of one of the
cranks.
The chain wheel is secured to the central spur wheel rotating on the crank axle
and with the former arrangement the whole may be enclosed in a casing which may
be a continuation of the body of the annular wheel the side of which is closed by a
cover, suitable openings being formed for the passage of the chain. Or the central
spur wheel and chain wheel may be secured to a sleeve and the chain wheel fixed
on the sleeve outside the casing or on the opposite side of the bracket to the annular
wheel in the manner herein before described.
In a modification of the foregoing arrangement the central wheel may be fixed to
the bottom bracket and the annular wheel be free to rotate; in this case the chain
-wheel is formed on the exterior of the annular wheel. With this arrangement the
central wheel may be adapted so that it may be locked or released and the annular
wheel adapted so that it may be locked to the crank axle in order to give two
⚫ different speeds.
In a further modification of the above arrangements bevel wheels may be
employed, the intermediate wheels, one or more pairs of which may be used being
mounted on radial axes; with this arrangement the chain wheel may be carried
by an additional axis carried by an independent bearing instead of rotating on
the crank shaft. With this arrangement the axis of the intermediate wheels is
carried in a fixed bearing.
In a further arrangement sun and planet gear may be employed; the sun wheel
is mounted loosely on the axle and the chain wheel is secured to it, the planet wheel
is secured or pivotted on an arm of the crank axle or on one of the cranks or
an extension thereof.
To prevent the planet wheel from rotating if pivotted it may be formed with a
parallel projection working in slides arranged at opposite sides of the crank axle so
that as the latter rotates the projection moves alternately from one slide to the
opposite one and back again each rotation.
The slides may be carried by arms pivotted to links, the latter being pivotted to
the framing, or be mounted on the framing so as to slide in a path at right angles
to the slide for the reception of the projection on the planet wheel.
The driven chain wheel may be secured to the hub of the road driving wheel of
the vehicle by screws parallel to the axis of the hub so as to be readily detachable.
In order to make room for the gearing and to reduce the distance between the
cranks in a safety bicycle the two back legs may be bent inwards till they touch
each other or nearly so and again bent outwards to the distance required for the
wheel; at the point where they are brought together they may be connected by a
suitable union or brazed together. In a modified arrangement the two back legs
may be connected to a socket which is connected to the bottom bracket by a single
tube of increased diameter or a continuation of the socket, or the socket and bottom
bracket may be formed in one piece.
The gearing may be enclosed in a casing which is preferably secured to the
bottom bracket and formed with the outer side removable; when possible the
casing is made in a circular form and the outer cover is secured by bayonet joints.
If desired the gearing instead of being used in connection with the crank axle
may be employed in connection with the hub of the driving wheel and the motion
of the crank axle communicated by a chain to a chain wheel connected to the first
wheel of the gearing. The different arrangements of gearing described may be
modified to suit these conditions.
Dated this 21st day of December 1893.

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Rear Driving Safety Bicycles or like Vehicles.
We, MARCEL BOUDARD, Jacquard Manufacturer, and CORNELIUS HENRY
CRAWLEY, Machinist, both of Peveril Works, Peveril Street, in the Borough of
Nottingham, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement :---
This invention relates more particularly to improvements in the driving arrange-
ment of rear driving safety bicycles or like vehicles described in the Specification
of Letters Patent No. 1779 of 26th January, 1893, in which the speed of revolution
of the driving chain wheel is raised to the desired extent above that of the crank
axle by gearing whereby the ratio between the driving and driven chain wheels
may be reduced, or equal wheel employed or the ratio reversed.
It will be best understood by reference to the accompanying drawings in
which :-
Figure 1 is a plan showing one improved arrangement of gearing.
Figure 2 is a plan showing a modification of Figure 1.
Figure 3 is a plan partly in section and.
Figure 4 a sectional side view of a further arrangement.
Figure 5 is a plan partly in section and
Figure 6 a sectional view showing alternative arrangement.
Figure 7 is a plan partly in section showing another arrangement,
Figure 8 is a side view partly in section, and
Figure 9 an end view of a driving wheel hub and chain wheel,
Figure 10 is a plan partly in section and
Figure 11 a side view of a bottom bracket and casing for enclosing the gearing,
showing outer cover removed.
Like letters indicate like parts throughout the drawings.
In the arrangement shown in Figure 1 a spur wheel E secured to the crank
axle A, which is carried in a bearing in the bracket C, engages with a spur wheel F
secured to an axle L rotating in a bearing K which may be similar to that of the
crank axle. Secured to the axle L or the wheel F is a second toothed wheel F¹
which engages with a wheel B, to which is secured the chain wheel H, the
wheels B and H are mounted and rotate freely on the crank axle A; ball bearings
being preferably employed as shown.
In Figure 2 the gearing is similar to that shown in Figure 1 but the wheels E
and F are arranged on the side of the bracket C opposite to the chain wheel H.
In the arrangement shown in Figures 3 and 4 an annular toothed wheel N
secured to the crank axle A engages with one of two pinions M M which engage
with each other and are mounted and rotate on fixed studs M² secured to an
extension M' of the bracket C. The second pinion M engages with a spur wheel B
to which the chain wheel H is secured both the latter being mounted loosely on the
crauk axle as in the previous arrangement.
In a further arrangement shown in Figures 5 and 6 an annular toothed wheel R
is secured to or formed with the bottom bracket C, the teeth being arranged con-
centric with the crank axle A. Rotating on, and independent of the crank axle A, is
a toothed wheel B to which is secured the chain wheel H. Between the toothed
wheel B and the annular wheel R and engaging with both are one or more inter-
mediate pinions R¹ (one only being shown in the drawings) pivotted on arms A' or
a disc secured to or forming part of the crank axle A. The whole of the gearing
may be enclosed in a casing R which may be a continuation of the body of the
annular wheel R, the side of which is closed by a detachable, cover S, suitable

page_text: openings S¹ being formed for the passage of the chain. If preferred, the toothed
wheel B may be secured to a sleeve-bearing, to the other end of which is secured
the chain wheel in the same manner as described and shown in Figures 1 and 2 of
the Specification of Letters Patent No. 1779 of 1893.
In a modification shown in Figure 7 the toothed wheel B may be fixed, and
the annular wheel R be free to rotate; in this case the chain wheel H is formed
or secured on the exterior of the annular wheel R.
Secured to or forming part of the wheel B is a sleeve B2 and the annular wheel R
is carried by a ball bearing T on the sleeve B' and a ball bearing T' on a ring T
secured to the crank.
The above sleeve B³ may be secured to the bracket C, or be mounted loosely
on the crank axle, in the latter case it may be provided with a pulley B³ to
receive a band brake so that it may be released when required and the speed of
rotation of the wheel R and the chain wheel H reduced.
The pinion R¹ may be in this case carried by a stud secured to the ring T³.
The driving chain wheel J (see Figures 8 and 9) is secured to a flange J³ on
the hub J of the driving wheel by screws J³ passing through the wheel J and
flange J' as shown, so that it may be readily detachable.
In order to enclose the gearing a casing W (see Figures 10 and 11) may be
secured to one or both sides of the bracket C; this casing is preferably where
possible made in a circular form as shown, and the outer cover X is made
detachable so that it may be removed after removing the crank on that side.
The cover X may be held in position by clutches X on its inner side which
engage with the inturned edges W' of the casing (Figure 11) when it is turned
through an angular space, in the same manner as a bayonet joint.
The outer cover X may also if preferred be formed of celluloid or other semi-
transparent material so that the gearing may be inspected without removing it.
If desired the gearing instead of being used in connection with the crank axle
may be employed in connection with the hub of the road driving wheel and the
motion of the crank axle cominunicated by a chain to a chain wheel connected to
the first wheel of the gearing. The different arrangements of gearing described
may be modified to suit these conditions.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what we
claim is :-
1. In driving gear such as described the combination with the crank axle A
of a chain wheel H, wheel E secured to the said axle wheels F F¹ carried by an
axle such as L and gear wheel B secured to the chain wheel and both rotating on
the crank axle substantially as described and illustrated in Figure 1 of the accom-
panying drawings.
2. In driving gear such as described the combination with the crank axle A
of another axle L carried in a bearing K chain wheel H gearing E F F and B
substantially as described and illustrated in Figure 2 of the accompanying drawings.
3. In driving gear such as described the combination with the crank axle A
of a chain wheel H internally toothed wheel N pinions M pivotted to the framing
and wheel B secured to the chain wheel substantially as described and illustrated in
Figures 3 and 4 of the accompanying drawings.
4. In driving gear such as described the combination with the crank axle A
of a chain wheel H fixed ammular wheel R pinion R' pivotted to an arm A¹ of
the crank axle A and wheel B secured to the chain wheel H substantially as
described and illustrated in Figures 5 and 6 of the accompanying drawings.
5. In driving gear such as described the combination with the crank axle A
of a combined chain wheel H and internally toothed wheel N carried on bear-
ings T T pinion R¹ pivotted to the ring T' or crank wheel B adapted to be
released or fixed substantially as described and illustrated in Figure 7 of the
accompanying drawings.

page_text: 6. In driving gear such as described the formation of the hub J¹ with a flange or
seat such as J to which is secured the chain wheel J by screws J³ substantially as
described and illustrated in Figures 8 and 9 of the accompanying drawings.
7. In a bicycle such as described or like vehicle, the employment of any of the
above arrangements of gearing in connection with the hub of the road driving wheel
the gearing being modified to suit the different conditions, substantially as herein
described.
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