IMPROVED Hydrau ste
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Sample at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 21st May 1879.
JAMES SAMPLE, of Blyth, in the County of Northumberland.
GOVERNOR FOR MARINE & LAND ENGINES."
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"AN IMPROVED
Hydraulic or steam governors as hitherto constructed are either costly and
complicated, or both complicated and costly, the complication of parts rendering
them liable to disarrangement and necessitating constant attention and repairs.
To remedy these evils is the object of my Invention, and which may be thus briefly
described. A vertical wheel having a hollow shaft and supported in a proper
framework is connected in a special manner, hereinafter more particularly described,
to and driven by a pulley actuated by a band or belt from the prime mover;
consequently, when the prime mover is in action the vertical wheel revolves. This
wheel when in motion acts upon a resisting body suitably placed to exert a
pressure upon the pereimeter of the wheel, and thus retard to a certain degree its
velocity. This object may be attained by mounting the said wheel with paddles
or floats which operate within a vessel of water or other suitable fluid.
Through the aforesaid hollow shaft passes a second or driving shaft or axle, to
one end of which is connected by suitable attachments the spindle of the throttle
valve of the steam pipe, supplying steam to the cylinders of the prime mover, or
where accessory means are employed (as in the case of large and powerful marine
engines to operate the throttle valve), such as the employment of a cylinder and
piston similar to that described in my Provisional Specification, dated 4th August
1876, No. 3110, the said driving axle would then actuate the slide valve of the
accessory apparatus.
At the other extremity of this driving shaft is keyed the before mentioned
driving pulley which imparts rotary motion to the aforesaid vertical wheel by
means of the special connexion before mentioned existing between the hollow shaft
and the driving axle. This connection or attachment consists of an oblique collar
fixed upon the driving axle, and working against the extremity of the hollow shaft
of the said vertical wheel, which is made also oblique or inclined from the vertical
line to receive the face of the aforesaid collar. The two inclined faces are kept in
close contact by means of a spring within the hollow shaft, and surrounding the
driving axle, consequently when the driving axle revolves, the vertical wheel
revolves also, there being sufficient surface friction between the two faces to prevent
them generally over running one another.

page_text: Should however any sudden acceleration or retardation of speed occur in the
prime mover, then the one inclined face would over run the other (the inertia of
the aforesaid vertical wheel being such as to resist any sudden or immediate
alteration of speed), and occasion in the said driving axle a longitudinal motion,
which being conveyed to the slide valve of the accessary apparatus, or suitably
directed to the throttle valve spindle of the prime mover, would govern or control
the admission of power to the cylinder of the said prime mover. In lieu of the
oblique collar or inclined faces above described, the following means of attachment
might be employed, namely:-Upon the driving axle of our improved governor is
fixed a transverse arm, provided with a horizontal projection at each end. Upon
the shaft of the vertical wheel is also a transverse arm, engaging with the afore-
said horizontal projections; these projections are wedge shaped, and although the
two transverse arms before mentioned are united or pressed towards one another
by the means of a spring, yet when the driving axle revolves the second arm
works towards the extremity of the wedge shaped projections to an extent
corresponding to the speed of rotation; longitudinal motion is thus given to the shaft
or axle which is communicated to the throttle valve spindle in a manner before
described.
The accessory apparatus may consist of the following parts:A small cylinder
fixed in any convenient place near the throttle valve is supplied with steam by a
pipe from a boiler. A piston working within the said cylinder is connected by.
any ordinary means to the throttle valve spindle, consequently as the piston moves
to and fro the aperture of the said valve for the passage of the steam is thereby
regulated. The admission of steam into this cylinder is governed or controlled by
a cylindrical valve of the ordinary type, actuated by the longitudinal motion of the
driving axle as before explained.
In conjunction with and forming part of my Invention is an arrangement of
steam and exhaust ports in the cylinder of the accessory apparatus by which the
piston therein is cushioned and brought to rest before it reaches either end of the
cylinder..