Improvements or Connected with Gas Lamps or Burners, Including the Carrying of Shades and Appliances relating thereto.
Year: 1887

page_text: Date of Application, 26th Nov., 1887
Complete Specification Left, 30th June, 1888
Complete Specification Accepted, 3rd Aug., 1888
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
in
Improvements
or Connected with Gas Lamps or Burners,
Including the Carrying of Shades and Appliances relating
thereto.
I, WILLIAM WEMYSS KENNEDY of Gleniffer, St. Albins Road, Edinburgh, Gas
Engineer do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
This Invention, which relates to improvements in, or connected with gas lamps or
burners, including the carrying of shades and appliances relating thereto, has for its
object to more perfectly effect the heating of gas by the waste heat of the flames
thereof issuing from the burners, as well as to suspend the shades of gas lamps or
burners in an improved manner.
These improvements are applicable to ordinary gas brackets wherein the improved
appliances are screwed or otherwise attached to the bracket so that the gas passes
thereinto upwards and the improvements are also applicable to or for or as pendent
gaseliers wherein the gas descends or passes downwards to the burners through
the suspending pipe.
The improvements, with reference to the heating of the gas, consist in leading it
into a pipe having one or more annular spaces or channels within it and surrounding
one another. Through these spaces the gas passes in an alternating upwards and
downwards direction until it reaches the short branch pipes at the outer ends of
which the burners are carried.
As the gas issues from the burners and is there burned, a portion of the heat of the
products of combustion acts upon the outer tube enclosing the annular space or spaces
hereinbefore mentioned and as this tube gradually becomes hotter so it imparts the
heat thus acquired to the inner tube or tubes whilst remaining itself the hottest of
the tubes. By this arrangement it not only follows that the gas is heated before it
reaches and escapes from the burners, but that in its passage through the annular
space or spaces, it becomes gradually more and more heated up to the point of, its
escape at the burners. This heating of the gas has the effect of economising its
consumption and of intensifying its illuminating quality.

page_text: The improvements, with reference to the suspending of the shades or gloves for gas
lamps or burners, consist in attaching to the upper end of the heating arrangements
herein before described or to a pipe or rod projecting up from the said heating
arrangements, a frame or gallery preferably consisting of three projecting wings
arranged radially round the centre. These radial wings are so shaped that the shade 5
rests on them by its upper interior portion being in contact with the wings. This
arrangement admits of the shades not only being safely supported but the shadows
due to the usual supports for carrying such shades from below are got rid of. The
arrangement is also advantageous for quickly removing and replacing a shade when
it has to be cleaned or removed for other purposes.
Dated this 56th 1]
1007

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in or
Connected with Gas Lamps or Burners,
Including the Carrying of Shades and Appliances relating
thereto.
I, WILLIAM WEMYSS KENNEDY of Gleniffer, St. Albans Road, Edinburgh, Gas
Engineer do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement :-
"My Invention, which relates to improvements in, or connected with gas lamps or
burners, including the carrying of shades and appliances relating thereto, has for its
object to more perfectly effect the heating of gas by the waste heat of the flames
thereof issuing from the burners, as well as to suspend the shades of gas lamps or
burners in an improved manner.
My improvements are applicable to ordinary gas brackets wherein the improved
appliances are screwed or otherwise attached to the bracket so that the gas passes
thereinto upwards and the improvements are also applicable to or for or as pendant
gaseliers wherein the gas descends or passes downwards to the burners through the
suspending pipe.
The improvements, with reference to the heating of the gas, consist in leading it
into a pipe having one or more annular spaces or channels within it and surrounding
one another. Through these spaces the gas passes in an alternating upwards and
downwards direction until it reaches the short branch pipes at the outer ends of which
the burners are carried.
As the gas issues from the burners and is there burned, a portion of the heat of the
products of combustion acts upon the outer tube enclosing the annular space or spaces
hereinbefore mentioned and as this tube gradually becomes hotter so it imparts the
heat thus acquired to the inner tube or tubes whilst remaining itself the hottest of
the tubes. By this arrangement it not only follows that the gas is heated before it
reaches and escapes from the burners, but that in its passage through the annular
space or spaces, it becomes gradually more and more heated up to the point of its
escape at the burners. This heating of the gas has the effect of economising its
consumption and of intensifying its illuminating quality, as well as producing more
perfect combustion.
My improvements, with reference to the suspending of the shades or globes for gas
lamps or burners, consist in attaching to the upper end of the heating arrangements
hereinbefore described or to a pipe or rod projecting up from the said heating
arrangements, a frame or gallery preferably consisting of three projecting wings
arranged radially round the centre or by a circular ring supported on such or arms
without the aid of screws. These radial wings are so shaped that the shade rests on
them by its upper interior portion being in contact with the wings. This arrange-
ment admits of the shades not only being safely supported but the shadows due to
the usual supports for carrying such shades from below are got rid of. The arrange-
ment is also advantageous for quickly removing and replacing a shade when it has
to be cleaned or removed for other purposes.

page_text: In order that my Invention may be properly understood and readily carried into
effect, I have hereunto appended three explanatory sheets of drawings in the several
Figures of which corresponding parts are marked with the same letters of
reference.
.
Figure 1, is an elevation of the apparatus constituting my Invention arranged for
being applied to an ordinary wall gas bracket or for being attached to one of the
branches of an ordinary gaşalier such as is usually suspended in the centre of a room,
hall or other apartment.
Figure 2, is a vertical section of the same and Figure 3, is a horizontal section on
the line a, a, Figure 2.
The apparatus is attached by means of the screw socket A, at the lower part thereof
to the screw on a wall bracket or on the branch of a gasalier whereon. the gallery for
carrying the shade is usually attached, or by means of an adapter screwed into the
socket. The gas as it passes from the tap in the bracket or in the branch of a
gasalier ascends through the central ascending pipe B, until arriving at the upper
part thereof when it descends in the annular space C, contained between the inner
pipe B, and the outer pipe D, as indicated by the arrows in Figure.2. On arriving
at the bottom of the descending passage, the gas has become heated by the action
of the heat of the flames issuing from the burners E, upon the tube D, and in that
heated state the gas escapes into the passage F, and thence to the burners E.
For the purpose of very conveniently carrying the glass or other shades used over
gas burners the apparatus constituting my Invention affords much convenience by
enabling the gallery consisting of the central piece and arms G, shewn in elevation
at Figure 4, to be carried at the upper part of the tube D. From this arrangement
it will be seen that the shade of glass or other material marked H, is suspended over
the burners E, by its other end resting upon the points of the three arms G. This
arrangement not only gives complete support to the shade H, but admits of its being
moved without the least difficulty for being either cleaned or replaced. At Figure 4,
I have shewn a shade of a particular shape, but it is to be understood that shades of
any suitable shape may be employed in connection with my improvements.
At Figure 5, of the annexed drawings, I have shown in vertical section the manner
of carrying out my Invention as applied for heating a larger quantity of gas for the
supply of a larger number of burners than are shewn at Figures 1, 2, 3 and 4.
Figure 6, is an elevation corresponding to Figure 5, and Figure 7, is a horizontal
section and plan of the same taken on the line b, b, Figure 5.
The apparatus shewn at these last three mentioned Figures is more especially
adapted for a pendant gasalier. The pipe A, is that by which the gasalier is suspended
from a ceiling or elsewhere and it constitutes the descending pipe by which the gas
is led to the heating arrangements. When the gas has arrived at the bottom of the
pipe A, it ascends the annular space 13, formed by the pipe, surrounding the same
by being screwed into the lower part of the hollow sphere D, as shewn at Figure 5.
On arriving at the upper part of the annular space B, the gas descends the annular
space E, into the interior of a sphere D, or ordinary lamp body from whence it passes
into the branches F, leading to the burners G. From the arrangements shewn at
Figures 5, 6, and 7, it will be seen that a large portion of the heat of the gas flames
at the burners G, strikes upon the outer tube H, of the series of tubes and passages
surrounding the central descending tube A. This heat is gradually radiated through
to the other tubes and passages contained within the tube H, and therefore as the gas
passes through these from the descending tube A, to the burners G, the gas gradually
becomes more and more heated.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said Inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is
=
1. The arrangement shewn upon sheet 1, of the annexed drawings, consisting of an
appliance to be attached to an ordinary wall gas bracket, or to the bracket or arm of
a centrally suspended gasalier, having within it an annular passage for heating the

page_text: gas extending vertically upwards above the burners, and so that a portion of the heat
escaping from the burners is caused to gradually heat the gas on its movement through
the annular passage towards the burners, substantially as hereinbefore described.
2. The providing of the upper part of the appliance claimed in the preceding claiming
clause with arms G, or a mechanically equivalent gallery or holder for suspending
the shade G, from its upper part substantially as herein before described and shewn at
Figure 4, of the annexed drawings.
3. The pendant gasalier shewn at Figures 5, 6 and 7 of the annexed sheets of
drawings provided with more than one annular passage through which the gas passes
on its way to the burners G, the said passages being heated by portions of the waste
heat of the gas being consumed at the burners G, substantially as hereinbefore
described.
300
st
1000