IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR HEATING, VENTILATING, AND COOKING BY GAS
Year: 1851

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, WILLIAM
SMITH, of 66, Snow Hill, in the City of London, Gas Meter Maker, and
THOMAS PHILLIPS, of Brighton, in the County of Sussex, Gasfitter, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date at Westminster,
the Twenty-fourth day of April, in the fourteenth year of Her reign, did give
and grant unto us, the said William Smith, and Thomas Phillips, our exors,
admors, and assigns, Her special license, full power, sole privilege and
authority, that we, the said William Smith and Thomas Phillips, our exors,
adñiors, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time
to time, and at all times thereafter, during the term of years therein men-
tioned, should, and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within that
part of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland called England,
Wales, and the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, and in the Islands of Jersey,
Guernsey, Alderney, Sark, and Man, and in all Her Majesty's Colonies and
Plantations abroad, our Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR
HEATING, VENTILATING, AND COOKING BY GAS;" in which said Letters Patent there
is contained a proviso, that we, the said William Smith and Thomas Phillips,
shall particularly describe and ascertain the nature of our said Invention, and
in what manner the same is to be performed, by an instrument in writing

page_text: under our hands and seals, to be enrolled in Her said Majesty's High Court of
Chancery within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of
the said in part recited Letters Patent, as reference being thereunto had will
more fully and at large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, we, the said
William Smith and Thomas Phillips, do hereby declare the nature of our
Invention, and the manner in which the same is to be performed, is particu-
larly described and ascertained in and by the following instrument in writing,
(reference being to the letters and figures therein contained, and to the Draw-
ings thereunto annexed. The same letter in each Sheet refers to different
views of the same part without any reference to the other Sheet connected
with this Patent.
The first part of this Invention relates to the construction of an apparatus
for increasing the temperature of rooms and other places.
Figure 1, Sheet A, represents the elevation of a stove used for such
purposes; Figure 2, a transverse verticle section of the same, shewing the
construction of the cylinders and their arrangements so as to constitute
the hot and cold air chambers; Figure 3 is a horizontal section taken through
the line 1 and 2, Figure 2; Figure 4 represents the horizontal section through
the line 3, 4, Figure 2. As the outside casing a, a, can be constructed
after any design (whether plain or ornamental) it will be requisite for us to
describe the principle only of the Invention.
b, b, are two cylinders made of iron, or any other suitable material; they are
placed one within the other so as to form the circular cavity c, c. The lower ends
of these cylinders b, b, are closed, as seen at Figure 2, but on the lower
portion of the outside cylinder is cut out some open fretwork or air holes in
order to allow the cold air to enter. d, d, are two other cylinders placed one
within the other, and afterwards placed inside the two cylinders b, b. The
lower edges of these cylinders d, d, are also closed in a similar manner to the
other two cylinders, but the inner or smaller one d is also furnished with
ornamental fretwork or holes to admit-of cold air passing into the circular
cavity E, E, formed between cylinders d, d. The circular cavity or space f, f,
formed by the placement of the inner cylinder 6 and the outer cylinder d, is
the hot-air passage communicating at the top through the outside of the cold
air passage by the four outlets 9, 9, 9, 9, more clearly understood by refering
to Figure 3. h is a perforated plate fixed to the inner cylinder d for allowing
the air to escape, and which becomes heated during its progress up the cylinder
or main air passage i. Figure 5 represents a plan view of the plate h. As the

page_text: gas
description of stove or heating apparatus is applicable to gas only, it will be
necessary in order to secure its perfect operation to preserve the strict relation
between the burner and the hot and cold air cylinders or passages c, e, f, and i,
as herein-after described. J, Figure 2 and 4, represents the jointed gas burner,
moving on a swivel joint K, and constructed in such a manner as to admit of
its being drawn out from the inside of the stove, as seen at J 1, Figure 4, for
the convenience of lighting. By refering to Figure 2 it will be seen that the
burner J does not exceed the diameter of the hot-air passage f, and in fact,
to carry out the principle correctly, it ought to be placed in such a manner as
to be immediately under the centre of the hot-air passage f, so as to allow the
heat arising from the combustion of the gas from the burner, to ascend-
vertically up the passage f. Figure 6 represents a view of the top part of
Figure 1. The action of the stove is as follows:-When the gas issuing from
the burner J is in a state of combustion and placed as seen at Figure 2, and
above described, it will necessarily heat the air contained in the cavity f,
which when hot will escape through the channels g, g, g, g, and the ornamental
openings in the case a, a. By following the course of the arrows in Figure 2,
much help may be obtained in following the action). Now the cold air rushing
up the passages e, e, and i, through the opening or fretwork at the bottom, will
naturally become heated during its progress upwards, by reason of its contact
with the hot-air passage f, and will escape in a highly rarified state, through
the top, as soon by the direction of the arrows at Figure 2, and so long as the
gas remains in a state of combustion, and the burner ; be placed as seen in the
Drawing, so long will the apparatus be emitting pure and highly rarified air,
the temperature of which may be regulated by allowing either a greater or
smaller quantity of gas to escape through the perforation of the burner j.
Although only a circular stove has been shown in the Drawings, the same
beneficial results would be derived from an apparatus on the same principle,
constructed in a different form. Figures 7, 8, and 9 represent views of a.
telescopic burner, which is a different arrangement for drawing out the burner
from inside of the stove from that above described. 1, the burner which is attached
to a small metallic tube m, sliding in another tube n, which is furnished with a
stuffing box O, to prevent the gas from escaping. Figure 7 shews the burner
1, when pushed back inside of the stove. Figure 8 shews the same drawn out
for the purpose of lighting, and Figure 9 shews the plan of Figure 7.
The second part of our Invention relates to the construction of apparatus
for heating water or other liquids for baths, tanks, or reservoirs. Figure 1,
Sheet B, represents the vertical longitudinal section of the apparatus fixed to

page_text: a bath; Figure 2, the side elevation of the same, and Figure 3 a plan view,
with the burner drawn from under the boiler for the convenience of lighting.
a, a, represents a boiler, which may be made of copper or other suitable
material. The shape, construction, and principle of this boiler is peculiar,
and we find it to be the best adapted for carrying out this part of our Inven-
tion. It will readily be seen by consulting Figure 1 that the boiler b, b, is
cylindrical, formed by the outside casing a' and the inner casing c, and that
the circular cavity or space communicates with another small reservoir or
auxiliary boiler d by the small bent tube E, E, E, E; and passage f; 9 and h
are two pipes or tubes, one communicating from the top reservoir or auxiliary
boiler d to the bath i, i, and the other from the cylindrical boiler a to the
bath also; i, j, are two union joints for fixing or securing the boiler to the
bath; K, K, is a flue for carrying away the heated air created by the combus-
tion of the gas from the burner l, which burner needs no description here as it
is in all respects similar to the one described in reference to the first part of
the Invention. The boiler is filled through the bath i, i, and when full, and
the"
"gas issuing from the burner lignited, and turned under the boiler (as seen
at Figure 1), the water, from the peculiar construction of the boiler, will
become instantly heated, & rise from the cylindrical boiler a to the upper re-
servoir or auxiliary boiler a, and make its egress into the the bath i, i, through
the tube g. The same quantity of heated water that shall have passed away
from the boiler a will then be immediately replaced by an equal quantity of
cold water from the bath through the pipe N, and will continue to circulate
from the boiler to the bath in the direction of the arrows' flight so long as the
gas issuing from the burner 1 underneath the boiler will be allowed to remain
in a state of combustion. The bath should not be filled beyond the outlet g.
Our next improvement relates to another construction of apparatus for
heating baths, tanks, or reservoirs, and although we have only shewn two
views of the same, Figs. 1 & 3ª, still we claim the right to alter and change
the form so long as we do not depart from the principle. a, a, is a double
cylinder, made of copper or other materials; b, b, is another double cylinder
fixed in the inside of the outer cylinder a, a. This cylinder b, b, is furnished
with outlets or hot-air passages c, c, c, c, in a similar manner as that shewn at
Figure 3, Sheet A. In the inside of these two cylinders a and b is contained
water, and the spaces d and e are hot-air chambers, up which the heat arising
from the combustion of the gas issuing from the double-ring burner f passes
We do not limit ourselves to
represents the flue for the hot air.
greater or less number of water or air cylinders to constitute our heating

page_text: apparatus, but we wish it to be understood that we claim the principle of
the same.
The third part of our Invention relates to the construction of an apparatus
or fire pot for heating by gas tools used in certain manufactures or trades, for
example, soldering irons, plumbers' irons, bookbinder's rollers, in fact, any
description of tools or instruments requiring to be heated. Figure 4 represents
a side view; Figure 5 the front view; Figure 6 a vertical section; and
Figure 7 a section through the line 1, 2, Figures 4, 5, and 6. m is the body,
which may be of either cast or wrought iron; n, the flue or chimney which is
made moveable for the sake of convenience, and also for allowing the trivet,
shewn at Figure 8 to be placed on the upper edges of the body M for cooking
and other purposes; 0, 0, is a gas burner constructed of perforated tubes, and
is fixed or placed in the bottom of the body; the shape of the burner may
be round or square, but we prefer making it the shape of the body m, whether
such body be made round, square, or oval. q is a rest for supporting the tools,
and should not be higher than the bracket lip p which is attached to the
opening, Figure 5, for inserting the tools; S is the gas pipe attached to the
burner for supplying the
gas thereto.
The fourth part of our Invention relates to the mode of ventilating
dwelling houses and other buildings by gas, and is at once understood by refer-
ring to Fig. 9, Sheet B, which represents a section of a building with the
apparatus attached. A is a stove or heating apparatus similar to that referred
to in the first part of our description, and which may be placed in any con-
venient situation to answer the purpose of ventilating as well as that of
heating; b, b, is a pipe or shaft attached to the top part of the stove in
connection with the top n³, Figure 1 and 2, Sheet A, and passing up the
building into the chimney stack; c, c, c, are small tubes placed between the
flooring and ceiling, one end of which tubes communicates into the upright
shaft 6, and the other end penetrates the ceiling, and may be furnished with a
funnel-shaped mouthpiece d. The heat arising from the stove when the gas
is in a state of combustion will naturally ascend with considerable force up the
shaft b, and draw with it the vitiated air which may be floating about the
upper part of the room or building in the direction of the arrows' flight.
The fifth part of our Invention relates to the combination of improvements
and additions to an apparatus for cooking by gas, but as they will be better
understood by a reference to the Drawing, we shall at once proceed to describe
the different parts (shewn in Sheet C. Figure 1 represents the front elevation of
a range or stove for cooking with gas; Figure 2, a vertical section through the

page_text: line 1 & 2, Figure 1. The chief novelty of this apparatus is the combination of
parts in such a manner as to constitute a perfect kitchen in one apparatus.
a, a, Figures 1 and 2, represents a cavity for placing a gridiron; and 6, the gas-
burner under the grid iron, which is not shewn in the sectional view, as the
same is made moveable for the sake of convenience; d is a boiler, the water
in which is heated by the swing or telescopic burner e of a similar character to
those described in reference to the first part of our Invention, the hinged door for
allowing the burner e to be withdrawn for the purpose of lighting. The boiler
d is supplied by a cistern or tank g and the supply pipe h; i is a stop cock to
cut off the supply of cold water from the cistern when a good force of steam is
required to be raised in the boiler for the purpose of cooking by steam, for by
preventing the constant flow of cold water into the boiler to replace that quantity
of hot which may have wasted in evaporation, no check can possibly take place
in the boiler; j is a cock for drawing off the water from the boiler d; , the
safety valve; and 3, the steam pipe communicating with the steam kettles, of
which Figure 4 shews a view; K is the hot closet driving its heat from the
contiguous burner l, and roasting chamber M. By referring to Figure 3 the
interior construction of the roasting chamber M will be at once understood;
N is the burner, which is of the shape of the roasting chamber M; 0, 0, are
hooks for suspending the meat to be cooked; p is a rod on which the hooks 0, 0,
slide; 9
is the dripping pan; and r is the flue situate at the back of the back
plate for carrying away the steam arising from the operation of cooking and
the superfluous heat. S, Figure 1, represents the front of a cavity for boiling or
broiling, also furnished with a burner in a similar manner to the gridiron.
It is necessary here to remark that when the cavity is large the burner is con-
structed of separate and distinct parts, each part having a tap to itself, for it
may be found that only a small portion of the burner will be needed for certain
purposes, an improvement which obviates a useless consumption of
t shows the front of the oven, which is
but a small quantity is required.
furnished with a jacket or surrounding space for the circulation of the heat
from the gas burner, which is fixed in the cavity u, so that the circulation of
the gas takes place in a separate chamber altogether. v, v, v, v, represents
the taps for turning the gas off or from the different burners. We shall
now describe the peculiar construction of burners which we have found
by experience to answer best for cooking and other purposes. Figure 5
represents a section of the burner, showing the shape of the perforated tube
and the positions or places of the perforations; for, instead of the tubes W, W,
being drilled on the top or side or sides, as is the usual practice in the con-
gas when

page_text: struction of burners, they are drilled on the underneath surface or surfaces in
the direction of the arrows. By this mode of drilling or perforating the tubes
W, W, it will prevent the holes ever getting clogged or filled up by the
dripping of the fat or gravy from the meat which may be cooking over such
burner.
Having now described the nature and best manner at present known to us of
carrying out fully our Invention, it must be understood that we make no claim
for heating, ventilating, or cooking by gas, except after the principle laid down
in the foregoing description, nor do we confine ourselves to the exact size, shape,
or arrangement shown in the Drawings, but we retain the right of altering
the same, as we may deem requisite, so long as we do not depart from the
principle.
We claim, first, the construction of stoves or apparatus to be heated by gas,
with the arrangement of hot and cold air cylinders, and swing or tele-
scopic burners, as above described; the same principle can be also applied
to heating water.
We claim, secondly, the constructing of swing or telescopic gas burners to be
used in conjunction with our heating apparatus and cooking range, as above
described.
We claim, thirdly, the constructing of boilers for heating water by gas for
baths and other purposes, as above described.
We claim, fourthly, the constructing of apparatus or fire-pot to be heated
by gas from burners drilled underneath, for warming soldering irons and other
tools, as above described.
We claim, fifthly, the application of the heating apparatus to the heating of
dwelling houses and other places, as above described.
We claim, sixthly, the constructing, combining, and arranging the various
parts in order to constitute a stove or apparatus for cooking by gas, with swing
or telescopic burners drilled underneath, as above described.
We claim, lastly, the drilling or perforating of the tubes for constructing
burners for the combustion of gas to be used for cooking and other purposes,
as described in reference to Figure 5, Sheet D.
In witness whereof the said parties to these Presents have hereunto set
their hands & seals, this Twenty-fourth day of October, One thousand
eight hundred and fifty-one.

page_text: AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the Twenty-fourth day of October,
in the year of our Lord 1851, the aforesaid William Smith and Thomas
Phillips came before our said Lady the Queen in Her Chancery, and acknow-
ledged the Specification aforesaid, and all and every thing therein contained
and specified, in form above written. And also the Specification aforesaid was
stamped according to the tenor of the Statute made for that purpose.
T
Enrolled the Twenty-fourth day of October, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and fifty-one.