Improvements in and connected with Pressure or Vacuum Gauges.
Year: 1896

page_text: This Print is in accordance with the Original Specification as it stands after
Amendment (under Section 18 of the Patents, &c. Act, 1883) as allowed by the
decision of the Chief Examiner of the 23rd day of April 1898.
Date of Application, 21st Dec., 1896
Complete Specification Left, 21st Sept., 1897-Accepted, 23rd Oct., 1897
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and connected with Pressure or Vacuum Gauges.
We, WILLIAM STAGG, of The Bristol Gas Company, Canon's Marsh, Bristol,
Engineer, and RICHARD THOMAS GLOVER and JOHN GEORGE GLOVER, of the Firm
Thomas Glover & Co., Ld., 214 to 222 St. John Street, Clerkenwell, London, Gas
Meter Manufacturers, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
This invention has for its object, to construct pressure or vacuum water or other
fluid gauges in-such a manner as to obviate the usual inconveniences arising from
the use of such pressure or vacuum gauges as hitherto constructed.
For instance, in ordinary pressure gauges in which a column of water is the
active principle wherewith the pressure is made manifest to an observer, it has
been necessary to add the readings above and below zero of the gauge when at
rest to the readings after the observation, thereby frequently leading to mistakes
or inconvenience.
Whereas, according to this invention, the zero position of the gauge is absolute
under all circumstances notwithstanding any difference in the volume of water
employed in the gauge whether the same has been reduced or added to.
In carrying the invention into practice, the scale upon which the readings
are marked is attached to a float with the zero of the scale corresponding in
position with the level of the water line of the immersed float or floats, whereby
it follows that any increase or reduction in volume of the indicating fluid has no
effect upon the registration of the zero position with the water line as before-
mentioned.
The scale is preferably carried within the glass tube wherein the water rises
or falls to indicate the pressure or partial vacuum, as the case may be, said scale
may be connected in any suitable manner such as by a wire to the float or floats
of which is or are contained within a chamber of relatively large capacity behind
or connected to the indicating tube, and the pressure, positive or minus. The
gas or other fluid to be tested, is led in upon the top of the fluid in which the
float is partially immersed, for forcing or withdrawing the fluid into or from the
said indicating tube, thereby causing the upper surface to register upon the scale
either above or below zero and render a direct and immediate reading to the
observer without calculation or calibration of the Instrument.
A further application of the principle allows of an arrangement whereby the
resistance to the flow of gas or other fluid through a piece of apparatus or manu-
facturing plant such as a set of purifying apparatus may be continuously shown,
this is made possible by combining the inlet and outlet pressures in the one gauge,
the resistance will then be shown by the difference of levels of the water or other

page_text: registering fluid, and provision may further be made for registering also the full
inlet or outlet pressure at the aforesaid piece of apparatus or plant.
Dated this 21st day of December 1896.
H. GARDNER,
166, Fleet Street, London, Patent Agent.
Agent for the said :-
Stagg, Richard Thomas Glover, and John George Glover.
IFICATION (AMENDED).
Improvements in and connected with Pressure or Vacuum Gauges.
We, WILLIAM STAGG, of The Bristol Gas Company, Canon's Marsh, Bristol,
Engineer, RICHARD. THOMAS GLOVER and JOHN GEORGE GLOVER, of the Firm
Thomas Glover & Co., Ltd., 214 to 222 St. John Street, Clerkenwell, London,
Gas Meter Manufacturers, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in
what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described and. ascer-
tained in and by the following statement:-
This invention has for its object to construct pressure or vacuum-water or other
fluid Gauges in such a manner as to obviate the usual inconveniences arising from
the use of such pressure or vacuum gauges as hitherto constructed.
For instance, in ordinary pressure gauges in which a column of water is the
active principle wherewith the pressure is made manifest to an observer it has
been necessary, to add the readings above and below zero of the gauge when at
rest to the readings after the observation thereby frequently leading to mistakes
or inconvenience. Whereas according to this invention the zero position of the
gauge is absolute under all circumstances notwithstanding any difference in the
volume of water employed in the gauge whether the same has been reduced or
added to.
The invention will be clearly understood by reference to the annexed drawings
aided by the following description...
Figure 1 is a part sectional front elevation and
Figure 2, a part side elevation of a pressure gauge, where the gas enters from.
the top, and showing the relative positions of the float and index or scale when
at zero.
Figure 3, is a perspective elevation of the float and index.
Figure 4, is a sectional side elevation of a pressure gauge when the
from the bottom and in which two connected floats are employed.
Figure 5 is a section through the line 1-1 of Figure 4.
gas enters
Figure 6, is a perspective elevation of the two connected floats with the index
or scale attached to the connecting bar.
Figure 7 is an elevation of a pressure and vacuum gauge and.
Figure 8 is a sectional side elevation of same.
In carrying the invention into practice the scale A upon which the readings
are marked is attached to a float B with the zero of the scale corresponding in
position with the level of the water line of the immersed float or floats B whereby
it follows that any increase or reduction in volume of the indicating fluid has
no effect upon the registration of the zero position with the water line as before 4
mentioned.

page_text: The scale A is preferably carried within the glass tube C wherein the water
rises or falls to indicate the pressure or partial vacuum as the case may be,
said scale may be connected in any suitable manner, such as by a band D. or a
wire to the float or floats B which is or are contained within a chamber E of
relatively large capacity behind or connected to the indicating tube C and the
pressure positive or minus.
The gas or other fluid to be tested is led in upon the top of the fluid in which
the float B is partially immersed for forcing or withdrawing the fluid into or
from the said indicating tube C thereby causing the upper surface to register
upon the scale A either above or below zero and render a direct and immediate
reading to the observer without calculating or calibration of the Instrument.
In Figures 1, 2 and 3 we show only one float which has a hollowed side and
at its base a projecting piece F for carrying the scale A the scale being about
flush with the sides of the float, but at Figures 4, 5 and 6 we show two floats
connected at their base by strap or bridge piece F which carries the scale A
and the apparatus is constructed for the gas to enter at the bottom by the tap G
and pass up the pipe or channel H to enter the chamber E.
a
In all these figures the apparatus is constructed for pressure only, the gas
entering by the tap G and acting upon the water in the chamber E forces it up
the tube C, the top of the water indicating by the scale the amount of pressure
applied.
In Figures 7 and 8 the apparatus is constructed for vacuum as well as pressure,
in which case the scale A is continued below the float (zero being about mid-
distance) and by a return or bent portion, connected to the float so that when
pressure is applied the water rises up the tube but when a vacuum register is
required the action of the water is the reverse.
In Figure 7 we have shown high water and low water indications these being
the extreme limits between which the water level, and consequently zero, should
be at for the proper working of the apparatus.
I, I, are air ducts to the floats but they may be dispensed with if desired.
We have shown the scale attached to the float or floats by a band D but any
means of attachment may be employed so that the scale may be adjusted to fix
the zero marking at the water line of the float irrespective of the capacity of the
float.
A vent hole is provided at the top of the glass tube which is connected to the
casing in a watertight manner.
A further application of the principle allows of an arrangement whereby the
resistance to the flow of gas or other fluid through a piece of apparatus or
manufacturing plant such as a set of purifying apparatus may be continuously
shown, this is made possible by combining the inlet and outlet pressures in the
one gauge, the resistance will then be shown by the difference of levels of the
water or other registering fluid and provision may further be made for registering
also the full inlet or outlet pressure at the aforesaid piece of apparatus or plant.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed we declare that what we
claim is:
1. The improvements in and connected with pressure or vacuum gauges sub-
stantially as described and as illustrated in the annexed drawings.
2. In fluid pressure or vacuum gauges the employment of a float or floats carry-
ing a scale, said scale being readily fitted with the zero or other required marking
at the water line of the float or floats as and for the purpose described and sub-
stantially as represented in the accompanying drawings.
3. Constructing fluid pressure or vacuum gauges with a chamber or chambers
and a glass or transparent tube, these being in connection at the bottom part

page_text: for a float or floats in the chamber or chambers to carry the scale in the glass
tube as and for the purpose described.
Dated this 21st day of September 1897.
H. GARDNER,
166, Fleet Street, London, Patent Agent.
Agent for the said:-
William Stagg, Richard Thomas Glover, and John George Glover.