Year: 1887

page_text: Date of Application, 26th May, 1887
Complete Left, 27th Feb., 1888
Complete Accepted, 27th Apr., 1888
I JOHN KEMP STARLEY of the Meteor Works Coventry in the county of Warwick,
Velocipede Manufacturer do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
This invention, has for its object the strengthening of adjusting wrenches or
spanners when the jaws are open to receive nuts or other articles to be operated
upon.
I provide extensions in such a manner that such extensions act as a support after
the gripping jaws are opened.
It has, so far as I am at present aware invariably been the practice to make the
sliding jaw when it has worked in a socket or guide of a wrench with a hammer or
such like shaped top so that the wrench could not be closed unless the portion forming
the socket was square across the top or at right angles to the holding portion. Instead
of making the sliding portion in such manner I shape the back (or the side opposite
to the jaw) in such a manner that the sliding portion may be carried up to form a
lengthened bearing.
By this means I am enabled to continue the socket or guide portion up beyond the
nut or second jaw if desired instead of only as far as the first jaw and by this means
prevent the sliding portion or portions working in the slide from being easily bent;
where the sliding jaw or portion works on the outside of the holding portion a double
extension can be used with advantage.
This extension can be used for wrenches or spanners of usual construction but for
the special form of spanner or wrench which I prefer I may form the said socket of
sheet metal bent to shape and brazed or made of tube shaped and with a suitable en]
or ends brazed in.
I may also make the sliding portion of sheet metal or tube and where a large
wrench is used thickening ribs may be inserted and brazed thereto or I
may use two

page_text: pieces turned to shape and brazed and have two thicknesses of metal at one or both
ends if desired and the screw or adjusting device may also be brazed to such piece or
pieces if desired. Where a non-adjusting wrench is used I make the handle portion
of sheet metal either in one or more pieces or of tubing and I form the gripping piece
or pieces of metal advantageously pressed to shape and brazed to such holders or
handle. By this means I am enabled to make wrenches of very strong light and
cheap construction.
It will be readily understood that the details or shape of any such wrenches may be
greatly varied without departing from the principle of construction.
Dated this 26th day of May 1887
POPPLEWELL, COLTON & Co.,
Agents for the Applicant.

page_text: Improvements in Spanners or Wrenches.
1, JOHN KEMP STARLEY of the Meteor Works, Coventry in the county of Warwick,
Velocipede Manufacturer do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in
what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement:-
This invention has for its object primarily, the strengthening of adjusting wrenches
or spanners when the jaws are open to receive nuts or other articles to be operated
upon; It also relates to the construction of non-adjusting spanners or wrenches.
Referring to adjustable spanners or wrenches I provide extensions in such a
manner that the said extensions act as a support after the gripping jaws are opened.
It has, so far as I am at present aware invariably been the practice to make the
sliding jaw, (when it has worked in a socket or guide) of a wrench with a hammer or
such like shaped top, so that the wrench could not be closed unless the portion
forming the socket was square across the top or at right angles to the holding portion.
Instead of making the sliding portion in such manner I shape the back (or side
opposite to the jaw) in such a way that the sliding portion may be carried up to form
a lengthened bearing..
By this arrangement I am enabled to continue the socket or guide portion up
beyond the nut or second jaw if desired instead of only as far as the first jaw and by
this means prevent the sliding portion or portions working in the slide from being
easily bent. Where the sliding jaw or portion works on the outside of the holding
portion a double extension can be used with advantage.
This extension can be used for wrenches or spanners of usual construction, but for
the special form of spanner or wrench which I prefer I may form the said socket of
sheet metal bent to shape and brazed, or made of tube, shaped and with a suitable end
or ends brazed in or thereto.
I may also make the sliding portion of sheet metal or tube and where a large
wrench is used thickening ribs may be inserted and brazed thereto or I may use two
pieces turned to shape and brazed and with two thicknesses of metal at one or both
ends if desired and the screw or adjusting device may also be brazed to such piece or
pieces if desired.
Where a non-adjusting wrench is used I make the handle portion of sheet metal
either in one or more pieces or of tubing and I form the gripping piece or pieces of
metal advantageously pressed to shape and brazed to such holders or handle.
By this means I am enabled to make wrenches of very strong light and cheap
construction.
It will be readily understood that the details or shape of any such wrenches may be
greatly varied without departing from the principle of construction.
Referring to the accompanying drawings and to the Figures and letters of reference
marked thereon.
Figure 1. is a plan of a pressed or stamped blank of steel or other suitable metal for

page_text: forming a socket or handle and fixed jaw of a spanner or wrench constructed according
to my invention and
Figure 2. is a plan of a pressed or stamped blank of steel or other suitable metal for
forming the sliding portion and jaw.
Figure 3. is a side elevation of a spanner or wrench shewing the application of the
parts indicated in Figures 1 and 2. Parts of Figure 3. are marked in dotted lines.
Figure 4 is a transverse section on the line 1-2 of Figure 3. A is a blank stamped
or pressed out of sheet steel or other suitable metal, the said blank has wings B. B.
formed as shewn which extend upwards angularly as at C. C whereby a web or rib D
unites them, a vertical web or flange E is formed on the blank A which blank is
punched out at F. F.
On creasing the blank as at G. G. the wings B. B may come parallel and the
vertical web or flange E can then overlap and be brazed or secured to the other side I
of the blank.
The orifices F. F. will be now coincident. The space between the wings B. B can
be filled by a plug or fitting piece suitably brazed or affixed thereto to form a
solid jaw.
The blank J can be creased as at K. and its vertical web or flange M can, when
bent, overlap and be brazed or secured to the other side I of the blank J. The
wings B. B are then parallel and a suitable plug or fitting piece P can be brazed
thereto. Qis another plug brazed or secured into the other end of the shaped and brazed
slide formed from the blank J. It carries a screw R which works through a plug or
boss S brazed into the socket or handle and which plug or boss has an orifice coincident
with the apertures F. F.
An internally screwed, and externally milled or serrated nut T. works therein and
the screw R engages therewith. This method of operating the sliding jaw of a nut is
well known and therefore not claimed. Turning the nut moves the sliding jaw.
T is a solid plug brazed into the end of the socket or handle.
The extensions C. C. provide a lengthened bearing whereby the sliding portion
of the wrench or spanner is supported and prevented from being easily bent or
disabled.
Figure 5. is a plan of a blank for a jaw having extensions above and below its
gripping surface.
Figure 6 is a side elevation of a large spanner or wrench having the said jaw
applied thereto.
Figure 7. a transverse section of the same on the line 3-4 of Figure 6.
A is the blank ready to be creased and bent to shape but so formed as to provide
extensions above and below the jaw as before described. This is brazed on the outside
of the socket or handle B¹ of the wrench or spanner its diameter fitting the exterior of
the socket or handle. CC are the extensions provided. Strengthening ribs or
pieces may also be brazed into the socket or handle if desired. As shewn this is of
open construction.
The sliding plug or piece D¹ carrying the fixed jaw E' is worked by screw F1
turning in screwed boss G¹ moved by handle H¹ outside the socket B. This method
of operating a moving jaw on a wrench or spanner is also well known and not
claimed.
The sliding plug or piece D¹ may be solid or formed from a pressed and brazed
blank and the jaw carried by it may be similarly formed or be a forging attached
thereto, or, the plug or piece D' and the moving jaw could be one forging.
As indicated I have intended the plug or piece and jaw to be made from a pressed
and brazed blank and therefore I shew a hammer head to the wrench or spanner, a
solid plug or piece being brazed into parallel lugs on the gripping jaw.
Figure 8. shews an enlarged view of a pocket or handy wrench of the usual
construction having a solid socket or handle but having my extension C above the
fixed jaw carried on the socket or handle.
I considerably strengthen such wrenches thereby with but slight additional cost and
weight.

page_text: or bearing surfaces above and also below the fixed jaw to form a lengthened bearing
for the sliding portion substantially as described.
3. The particular arrangement of spanner or wrench shewn in Figures 13 to 16 of
the accompanying drawings wherein the socket or handle and the sliding portions are
formed of pressed or stamped metal so that when bent to shape and brazed a double
thickness of body is formed.
4. The manufacture of fixed jaw spanners or wrenches from stamped and bent
strips of metal suitably brazed together and having solid gripping jaws and filling
pieces secured to the same by brazing substantially as described with reference. to
Figures 17 to 19 of the accompanying drawings.
5. The manufacture of fixed jaw spanners or wrenches having a handle or socket of
metal tube, or bent and brazed strip or strips, into the ends of which solid gripping
jaw pieces are brazed substantially as described.
6. The manufacture of fixed jaw spanners or wrenches having the body or handle
formed of parallel strips of metal brazed together and with solid gripping jaws or
filling pieces brazed to the ends of the strips substantially as described.
7. The general arrangement and construction of spanners or wrenches substantially
as described and illustrated in the accompanying drawings subject to the disclaiming
clauses before recited.