IMPROVEMENTS IN THE DIRECT REDUCTION OR TREATMENT OF SULPHIDES, OXIDES, AND METALLIC CARBONATES, IN REVERBERATORY FURNACES WITH GAS PRODUCED FROM THE DECOMPOSITION OF WATER.
Year: 1874

page_text: ETTERS PATENT to John Coope Haddan, of the Firm of Herbert and
Company, of No. 67, Strand, in the City of Westminster, Patent
Agents, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE DIRECT REDUCTION
OR TREATMENT OF SULPHIDES, OXIDES, AND METALLIC CARBONATES, IN
REVERBERATORY FURNACES WITH GAS PRODUCED FROM THE DECOMPOSITION OF
WATER.' A communication from abroad by Jacques Michel
Victor Corduric and Ernest Laurent Henri Olair Delphin Theodore
Anthony, both of No. 22, Ruo de la Pomme, Toulouse (Hauté
Garonno), in the Republic of France.
"
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q
!
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Coope Haddan
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 5th August 1874.
J.
I, JOHN COOPE HADDAN,, of the Firm of Herbert and Company, of
5 No. 67, Strand, in the City of Westminster, Patent Agents, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE DIRECT
REDUCTION OR TREATMENT OF SULPHIDES, OXIDES, AND METALLIC CARBONATES, IN

page_text: REVERBERATORY FURNACES WITH GAS PRODUCED FROM THE DECOMPOSITION OF
WATER," a communication to me from abroad by Jacques Michel Victor
Cordurie and Ernest Laurent Henri Clair Delphin Theodore Anthony, of
No. 22, Rue de la Pomme, Toulouse (Haute Garonne), in the Republic
of France, to be as follows :-
-
I obtain the gas in the same manner as the lighting gas called water
gas, namely, by placing coal in pipes and making it red hot by means
of the spent flames of the furnace, or by means of a special furnace, and
then passing a stream of steam through it. The steam in passing over
the red hot coal becomes decomposed, its oxygen siezes the carbon for
forming carbonic oxide and carbonic acid, and its hydrogen is set free;
but instead of removing the carbonic acid by refining I transform it into
carbonic oxide by prolonging its contact with the red hot coal, as
explained by the chemical symbols.

page_text: but if desired may be reclaimed for manufacturing sulphuric acid or
sulphite of lime. By my process I anticipate rapidity of operation, and
consequently the saving of fuel, time, and labor, without loss of metal
by volatilisation.
As the use of gas for heating the furnaces does not require a strong
draught, the air to make it burn being supplied by other means, the
ordinary condensing chambers may be replaced by sheet-iron chambers
completely surrounded by water, having their size calculated in
accordance with the law of the cooling of tho gas in water. By
reducing the temperature of the gases passing through the chimney to
about 50 degrees centigrade without interfereing with their flow off the
metallic evaporation will be condensed. On the other hand the steam
formed in the furnaces by the reactions which are produced in them on
arriving in the chambers becomes condensed and carries away all
metallic particles which it meets. If not in sufficient quantity a jet of
steam may be employed to assist.
In conclusion I desire to state as the essential features of the In-
vention the above described reactions obtaining by gases proceeding from
the decomposition of steam (water) by means of red hot coals or com-
bustible gas; also the application of the said gas to the direct reduction
of sulphurized, oxidized, and carbonated gases, and the cooling by steam
(from water) in the condensing chambers in order to condenso and carry
off the metallic evaporations and to avoid loss of metal.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said John Coope Haddan in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 3rd February 1875.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOHN
Strand,
COOPE HADDAN, of the Firm of Herbert and Company, of No. 67,
in the Oity of Westminster, Patent Agents, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Fifth day of August, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-four, in the thirty-
seventh year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give

page_text: and grant unto me, the said John Coopo Haddan, Her special licence
that I, the said John Coopo Пaddan, my executors, administrators,
and assigns, or such others as I, the said John Coope Haddan, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with,
and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during
the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "I■-
PROVEMENTS IN THE DIRECT REDUCTION OR TREATMENT OF SULPHIDES, OXIDES, AND
METALLIC CARBONATES IN REVERBERATORY FURNACES WITH GAS PRODUCED FROM
THE DECOMPOSITION OF WATER," a communication to me from abroad by
Jacques Michel Victor Corduric and Ernest Laurent Henry Clare
Delphin Theodore Anthony, both of No. 22, Rue de la Pomme,
Toulouse (Haute Garonne), in the Republic of France, upon the.con-
dition (amongst others) that I, the said John Coope Haddan, my executors
or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or
one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the samo was to
be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent
Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the dato
of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said John Coope Haddan, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement:-
I obtain the gas in the same manner as the lighting gas called
water gas, namely, by placing coal in pipes and making it red hot by
means of the spont flames of the furnace, or by means of a special
furnace, and then passing a stream of steam through it. The steam in
passing over the red hot coal becomes decomposed, its oxygen seizes the
carbon for forming carbonic oxide and carbonic acid, and its hydrogen
is set free; but instead of removing the carbonic acid by refining I
transform it into carbonic oxide by prolonging its contact with the red
hot coal, as explained by the chemical symbols.
00+0=2 CO.

page_text: produced in any convenient manner by means of pipes provided with
cocks for regulating the supply, and in the manufacture of metals is a
new source or supply of heat.
Having previously heated the furnace and rendered the flame
reductive, I introduce the ore, and the reduction is rapidly effected as
follows:-Either firstly with sulphides, secondly with oxides, or thirdly
with carbonates.
MS+H=M+ HS.
MS +00+30= M +00² + SO².
2 HS+SO³ 3S+2 HO.
MOH = M + HO.
MO+00M +00².
MO+ 00'+H=M+HO+ CO³.
MO+00+00 = M + 2 CO³.
But with reference to the treatment of the sulphides I would obscrve
that half of the sulphurous acid produced goes off with the burnt gases,
but if desired may be reclaimed for manufacturing sulphuric acid or
sulphite of lime. By my process I anticipato rapidity of operation, and
consequently the saving of fuel, time, & labour, without loss of metal
by volatilisation.
As the use of gas for heating the furnaces does not require a strong
draught, the air to make it burn being supplied by other means, the
ordinary condensing chambers may be replaced by sheet-iron chambers
completely surrounded by water, having their size calculated in
accordance with the law of the cooling of the gas in water. By reducing
the temperature of the gases passing through the chimney to about 50
degrees centigrado without interfering with their flow off, the metallic
evaporation will be condensed. On the other hand the steam formed
in the furnaces by the reactions which are produced in them on arriving
in the chambers becomes condensed and carries away all metallic
particles which it meets. If not in sufficient quantity a jet of steam
may be employed to assist.
In conclusion I desire to state as the essential features of the In-
vention the above described reactions obtained by gascs proceeding from
tho decomposition of steam (water) by means of red hot coals or com-

page_text: bustible gas; also the application of the said gas to the direct reduction
of sulphurized, oxidized, and carbonated gases; and the cooling by
steam (from water) in the condensing chambers in order to condenso
and carry off the metallic evaporations and to avoid loss of metal.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Coope Haddan, have here- 5
unto set my hand and seal, this Second day of February, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and soventy-
five.