An Improved Fluid and Process of Manufacturing same for Impreg- nating Bodies or suitable Fabrics, Threads, Fibres, or the like, for Incandescent Lighting purposes.
Year: 1897

page_text: Date of Application, 12th Feb., 1897
Complete Specification Left, 12th Nov., 1897-Accepted, 22nd Jan.,
1898
Date of Application, LTD., 197
Complete Specification Left, 12th Nov., 1897-Accepted, 22nd Jan., 1898
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
An Improved Fluid and Process of Manufacturing same for Impreg-
nating Bodies or suitable Fabrics, Threads, Fibres, or the like, for
Incandescent Lighting purposes.
I, BODO PUCHMÜLLER, of 18, Brunhildstrasse, Schoeneberg, near Berlin, in the
Empire of Germany, Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of this invention
to be as follows:-
This invention relates to a fluid with which the ordinary incandescent bodies
(mantles) threads, fibres or the like may be impregnated, and by means of which
more particularly there is obtained a colour agreeable to the eye in the incan-
descent body or rather in the light radiating from the same, and a largely increased
lighting effect and as large as possible a durability against shock to the charred
body.
The process of manufacture consists essentially in dissolving in a suitable fluid
or in water, strontium oxide and zirconium oxide, both of which are mixed with
small quantities of magnesium oxide, vanadium, chromium, wolframium, antimony,
and also if desired silver, platinum, molybdenum and the like, and exposing the
same in a dissolved condition to a given degree of heat, by which means a chemical
combination of the above mentioned substances with one another is effected, which
process is entirely completed, on the incandescent bodies prepared with the fluid
being heated or rendered incandescent.
זן,
114 Ja of TWbruary 1897
WM. P. THOMPSON & Co.,
Of 6, Lord Street, Liverpool, Agents for the Applicant.
An Improved Fluid and Process of Manufacturing same for Impreg-
nating Bodies or suitable Fabrics, Threads, Fibres, or the like, for
Incandescent Lighting purposes.
I, BODO PUCHMÜLLER, of 18, Brunhildstrasse, Schoeneberg, near Berlin, in the
Empire of Germany, Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of this invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement: —
This invention relates to a fluid which after the burning off of the fibres or
fabric impregnated therewith and the directly succeeding incandescing of the
firmly cohering ashes, yields a cement-like or porcelain-like compound which

page_text: serves as basis or skeleton for an incandescent body. The said fluid which consists
of two clearly indicated oxides has small quantities of such other oxides added
to it as produce the lighting effect and influence it as regards light, colour and
strength.
Strontium oxide, and zirconium oxide, are dissolved by means of a suitable acid,
or the nitrates of strontium, and zirconium are dissolved in water. If a fibre or
fabric be impregnated with a fluid obtained in this manner and be calcined after
being dried, a firmly coherent ash is produced. for incandescence and which in con-
sequence of the above mentioned qualities forms a, very good basis or skeleton for
an incandescent body. It must however be specially pointed out that the oxides
of strontium, and zirconium, if employed separately do not yield a useable skeleton
but only by the above mentioned combination and simultaneous use of the said
two oxides. Thus for instance: 1, oxide of strontium alone causes a mantle im-
pregnated therewith when. burnt off, to shrink strongly and then by attracting
moisture to easily fall to pieces. 2, oxide of zirconium alone imparts an excellent
durability to a mantle impregnated therewith and calcined, but even after the
addition of one of the light giving oxides hereinafter described has almost no
illuminating power. \
1
The cement-like or porcelain-like compound of the two oxides herein before
mentioned simultaneously employed only yields a little light in a Bunsen flame and
also loses considerably in lighting power after burning a short time. In order to
obtain a good light of durable power there is added to the fluid obtained by the
solution of the said two oxides, a small quantity of light giving dissolved metallic
oxides which after the burning off of the saturated fibres and very energetic in-
candescing of the remaining ashes yield with the oxides of strontium, and zirconium,
a compound which has equally well the above mentioned property of durability
and does not affect that of the two oxides first named, but which in the Bunsen
flame yields an incandescent light of blameless constitution. The choice of the
light giving metallic oxide employed depends on the colour of the light desired,
and to the dissolved oxides of strontium, and zirconium, there is added the follow-
ing metallic oxides, converted into a form easily soluble in water. Chromium
oxide (as chromic acid), uranium oxide (as uranic acid) wolframium oxide' (as 'wol-
framate of ammonia) molybdenic acid (as molybdate of ammonia), platinum (as
platinum chloride) silver (as nitrate of silver) magnesium oxide (as magnesium
nitrate) oxide of antimony (in a solution containing tartaric acid).
The addition of the several oxides and metals acts on the incandescent bodies
approximately as follows:-
-
1. Chromium oxide imparts a red colour to the light.
2. Uranium oxide produces a bright yellow.
3. Wolframium oxide yields a reddish-yellow colour.
4. Molybdenum oxide yields a greenish-yellow light.
5. Platinum produces a strong yellowish-red.
6. Silver has not much action on the light but imparts considerably greater
coherence and durability to the ash..
7. Magnesium oxide yields a white light and increases the yield of light;
added in larger quantities it affects the durability of the mantle or incandescent
body.
8. Antimony oxide also increases the yield of light but a larger quantity of it
makes the mantle brittle.
It is not advisable to add the oxides separately to the incandescent body, because
then the yield of light is only a moderate one.
tained by a suitable mixture of said oxides. The oxides are only to be employed
A maximum of light is only ob-
in very small quantities so that only milligrammes and fractions of milligrammes
comes to the separate mantles.
A yellowish-white light very agreeable to the eye is obtained by the, addition
to the above described fluid of a mixture of small quantities of: nitrate of mag-
nesium, oxide of antimony (dissolved in water containing tartaric acid) chromic

page_text: acid, vanadate of ammonia, molybdate of ammonia uranium nitrate and if desired
nitrate of silver.
A more greenish-yellow light is obtained by the addition of, magnesium nitrate,
oxide of antimony, uranium nitrate, molybdate of ammonia chromic acid, and if
desired nitrate of silver.
A reddish yellow light is produced by the addition of chromic acid, platinum
chloride, wolframate of ammonia, vanadate of ammonia, magnesium nitrate, uranium
nitrate, oxide of antimony and, if desired, nitrate of silver.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is: --
1. The manufacture of a fluid for impregnating fibres, fabrics or bodies made
from fibres or fabrics which are to be rendered incandescent and light giving by
means of a non-luminous gas flame, or a non-luminous flame, of vaporised petroleum
or alcohol which consists in combining the oxides or nitrates of strontium, and
zirconium, dissolved in acid or water to form a fluid which on incandescence of
a mantle or the like impregnated therewith and reduced to ashes by burning off,
yields a cement-like or porcelain-like compound serving as the basis or skeleton
of an incandescent mantle, substantially as described..
2. In the manufacture of a fluid such as described and for the purpose of pro-
ducing as high as possible a light effect, the colour of which does not hurt or
dazzle the eye, the addition to the fluid formed of the oxides or nitrates of
strontium, and zirconium, of small quantities of dissolved light-giving metallic
oxides in such a way that even these light giving oxides on incandescence with
the two oxides herein before mentioned form a compound, the choice of the light
giving oxides taking place as follows according to the actual colour of the light
desired:
a. For yellowish white light: magnesium nitrate, oxide of antimony (dissolved
in water containing tartaric acid) uranium nitrate, wolframate of ammonia
vanadate of ammonia, chromic acid and if desired (optionally) nitrate of
silver.
b. For greenish yellow light: magnesium nitrate, oxide of antimony,
uranium nitrate, molybdate of ammonia chromic acid, and optionally nitrate
of silver.
c. For a reddish yellow light: magnesium nitrate, oxide of ammonia, uranium
nitrate, platinum chloride, chromic acid, wolframate of ammonia, vanadate
of ammonia and optionally nitrate of silver; substantially as described.
3. An improved fluid for impregnating bodies or suitable fabrics, threads,
fibres, or the like, for incandescent lighting purposes, consisting of the oxides or
nitrates of strontium, and zirconium, with an addition of other oxides, substantially
as herein before described.
Dated this 11th 1
1000
WM. P. THOMPSON & Co.,
Of 6, Lord Street, Liverpool, Agents for the Applicant.