Improvements in Internal Combustion Engines.
Year: 1896

page_text: Date of Application, 31st Oct., 1896
I, JOHN THOMAS DAWES of Cefn Mawr near Mold in the County of Flint, Civil
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:--
The object of this invention is first to provide means for securing the refractory.
lining of the combustion chamber either when such lining is made in separate
pieces or if when made in one piece it should become fractured or disintegrated
and secondly to provide means whereby an explosion may be effected in the
corbustion chamber at every revolution.
For these purposes I under the first part support the refractory lining by means
of an internal shell of metal having a high melting point, such internal shell
being secured or not to the outer casing of the combustion chamber as may be
found necessary or convenient.
Under the second part, when the cylinder of an internal combustion engine is
caused to reciprocate instead of the piston or plunger I make use of such recipro-
cating cylinder to compress air into a chamber from which at each revolution of
the engine such air is admitted into the combustion chamber: suitable valves and
gearing of any usual kind being employed for the admission of the air and
combustible vapour and emission of waste products.
W. B. JOHNSON,
Agent.
Improvements in Internal Combustion Engines.
I JOHN THOMAS DAWES of Cefn Mawr near Mold in the County of Flint, Civil
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by.
the following statement:-
The object of this invention is first to provide means for securing the refractory,
lining of the combustion chamber of internal combustion engines either when
such lining is made in separate pieces or if when made in one piece it should
become fractured or disintegrated, and, secondly, to provide means whereby an
explosion may be effected in the combustion chamber at every revolution.
For these purposes I under the first part, support the refractory lining by means
of an internal shell of metal having a high melting point, such internall shell
being secured or not to the outer casing of the combustion chamber as may be
found necessary or convenient.

page_text: Under the second part, when the cylinder of an internal combustion engine
is caused to reciprocate instead of the piston or plunger I make use of such recipro-
cating cylinder to compress air into a chamber from which at each revolution of
the engine such air is admitted into the combustion chamber, suitable valves
and gearing of any usual kind being employed for the admission of the air and
combustible gas or vapour and emission of waste products.
The drawing herewith is a longitudinal section of an engine constructed
according to my invention. a is the combustion chamber secured to the bed plate
and provided with a refractory lining b, c is an internal shell of metal for holding
the lining in position either when the lining is made in separate pieces or if when
it is made in one piece it should become fractured. The shell c is preferably made
of platinum or other suitable metal having a melting point so high that it will
not be affected by the heat of the explosion in the, chamber. Such shell may be
secured to the combustion chamber as shown at c or it may be left free. The
combustion chamber is preferably provided with a mid feather b' to diminish the
danger of fracture. d is a chamber secured to the bed-plate, the outer end of the
eating cylinder, e, passes into the chamber d so as to act as a pump by means
of which air is compressed into a receptacle f, g is the inlet valve to the chamber d,
his the outlet valve from the chamber d to the receptacle f, i connecting rod for
communicating motion from the cylinder e to the crank j. k is a valve for admitting
compressed air from the receptacle f to the combustion chamber a at the beginning
of each outward stroke of the cylinder from the combustion chamber. The valve k
is operated by a lever k¹ and cam from the shaft in any usual or well known way,
the shaft being driven from the crank shaft. m is a non return valve to prevent
products of explosion passing back into the receptacle f. n is the outlet valve
f waste products operated by cam and lever in the usual well known way. o is
a pump operated by the cam p for injecting oil or spirit into the combustion
chamber at or about the same time that air is admitted from the receptacle f.
The heat of the lining bor shell e vapourizes the oil or spirit which forms with
the compressed air the explosive mixture. q is a firing rod, but any suitable
means of firing may be used. Instead of injecting oil the pump o may be used for
compressing combustible gas for admission into the combustion chamber either
directly from such pump or through the intervention of a receptacle provided
with an admission valve as before described for the compressed air.
I do not confine myself to the particular arrangements of valves, gearing, and
firing appliances &c., described, as it will be obvious that many different modifi-
cations may be made without departing from the nature of my invention.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is:-
First. Supporting, by means of an internal shell of metal, the refractory linings
of the combustion chambers of internal combustion engines having an external
reciprocating cylinder substantially as and for the purpose set forth.
Second. In internal combustion engines having a reciprocating cylinder,
making use of such reciprocating cylinder for compressing air to be admitted to
the combustion chamber to form with gas, or oil or spirit vapour the explosive.
mixture substantially as set forth.
Dated this Twenty-eighth day of July 1897.
W. B. JOHNSON,
4 Clayton Square, Liverpool, Agent.