IMPROVEMENTS IN PAVING STREETS AND OTHER SURFACES
Year: 1850

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, EDMEE
AUGUSTIN CHAMEROY, of Paris, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her present most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Royal Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain and Ireland,
bearing date at Westminster, the Twenty-second day of August, in the four-
teenth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and
grant unto me, the said Edmee Augustin Chameroy, my exors, adiñors, and
assigns, Her especial license, full power, sole privilege and authority, that I,
the said Edmee Augustin Chameroy, my exors, adiñors, and assigus, or such
others as I, the said Edmee Augustin Chameroy, my exors, adñiors, or assigns,
should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and
at all times during the term of years therein expressed, should and lawfully
might make, use, exercise, and vend, within England, Wales, and the Town
of Berwick-upon-Tweed, my Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN PAVING STREETS
AND OTHER SURFACES;" in which said Letters Patent is contained a proviso, that
I, the said Edmee Augustin Chameroy, shall cause a particular description of
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, by an instrument in writing under my hand and seal, to be inrolled
in Her said Majesty's High Court of Chancery within six calendar months
next and immediately after the date of the said in part recited Letters Patent,
as in and by the same, reference being thereunto had, will more fully and at
large appear.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, 1, the said
Edmee Augustin Chameroy, do hereby declare that the nature of my said
Invention, and the manner in which the same is to be performed, are fully
described and ascertained in and by the following statement thereof, that is
to say:-
The Invention consists of improvements in paving roads and surfaces, by
means of a combination of materials formed into blocks or forms to be used
for making roads and other ways, and also may be used for floors of barns, and
for other surfaces; and it consists of the use of straw, and the stalks of other
vegetable matter, impregnated with bituminous, resinous, asphalted matters,
also with fatty or oily matters, as will be afterwards described. The improve-
ments in making roadway are of two descriptions, although the same materials
are used. The foundation of the road is first to be prepared in a solid form,
being somewhat rounded in the centre. I then place upon the ground, either
lengthways or across, two pieces of wood A, shewn at Figure 9. These pieces
are separated from each other and kept apart by the bolts B, B, which serve
at the same time to adjust the partitions C, which are of strong metal, by
means of which are formed the cases D, D. Into one of these cases is placed a
press composed of a frame E, E, upon which is mounted a screw F, at one
of the ends of which is a square G, to receive a handle, and at the other end
an iron plate El. I then take a quantity of straw or other vegetable fibre pre-
viously crushed by pressure, and afterwards placed in a bath of bituminous or
oily or fatty matter, so as to cover them completely. I then place a sufficient
number of these straws thus impregnated in an upright position in the case
so as to fill it, next to the one where the press is placed. The screw F is
then to be worked so as to force up the plate H against the partition C, and
to press the mass of straw I. This pressure forces out all the superfluous
bituminous matters, and combines the vegetable fibres into a solid homogenous
mass capable of bearing the weight of heavy carriages. When the matters
have been sufficiently pressed, the press is to be removed into the next case,
and the same system pursued until the whole of the frames are filled. The
apparatus is then to be removed to the next row, and the earth arranged as
before, and the same system pursued until the whole of the roadway is covered.
Another mode of using these materials for paving surfaces is to form
them into bricks or blocks, and to pave the roads or surfaces with them.
The machine with which I prepare these blocks is as follows:-A, a cylinder,
in which is a piston B, which is worked by steam or other power. To the piston
B is attached a rod C, which passes through a stuffing box D, which is well
luted; the other end of this rod enters into a mould or hollow cylinder E. This

page_text: cylinder is placed upon a table or frame, and is secured thereto by means of
side pieces G, G. In the interior of this mould is a flat bottom of iron H,
which may be removed, and its place supplied by a partition I, which is fixed
by means of the two keys J, J. In using this machine the straws or vegetablo
matter are first cut or broken, and the quantity arranged according to the
size of the blocks required. It is then to be immersed in a bath of bitumi-
nous material, after which they are to be placed in the mould E in such
manner as to fill it when the piston is set in motion, and by which the piece
F is caused to act against the straw K. I then stop the action of the piece F
by means of the keys J, J. The piston is then to be withdrawn. The effect of
this pressure will be to force the vegetable matter into a solid mass. In order
to remove this mass the mould is to be turned round and the opposite end
brought into contact with the piston B, at Figure 5. I then place a plate of
metal L between the rod C and the mass of straw K, the ends of which
appear. The piston is then again put in motion, the return of which will force
out the block. In order to prevent its being broken as it is forced out of
the mould, there are two wires M, M, scen at Figures 5 and 6. It will be
evident that although I have spoken of the means of making bricks and
blocks, that other forms may be made dependent upon the shape of the
mould through which they are to be passed. In order to remove the
unpleasant odour arising from the bituminous matters, the following arrange-
ments may be used:--I use an apparatus which is to be arranged upon the
ground, and it is constructed in the form of a trough of metal, which is shewn
at the Figures 7 and 8, in which is placed a small fire-place filled with com-
bustible matter P; at the lower part of this fire-place is a partition D, which
runs the whole length of the apparatus. This partition forms a division in
the trough which is constantly kept heated to a high temperature. In this
manner the volatile oils which the bitumen contains are heated from the surface
of the earth and dried at that point, which causes the odour to disappear.
In Sheet 2 I have shown another arrangement of machinery for the pre-
paration of the materials to be used for paving, &c., the various views of
which are shewn at Figures 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5, in which the same letters are
used for the same parts. A is a fire-place, over which is an iron vessel B, the
sides C, C, of which incline outwards at the upper part; D is a wooden piston
placed in the vessel, the piston rods E of which passes through the side of the
vessel, and are screw-threaded; F are supports, with female screws, through
which the threaded parts of the rods E pass; G is the masonry, on which the
machinery rests; H, H, is a cover pierced with holes, which is placed in the
vessel B about the centre of the sides C, C; it turns upon an axis I, so as to

page_text: be capable of being opened and closed. The axis I is supported, so as to turn
in the two ends of the vessel. J is a mould, formed of three sides; L is a
band or plate, which serves to close the opening of the mould; M is a pin,
which serves to hold the band or plate L, by crossing the two sides of the
mould; N, a key, to keep the cover H firmly closed; O is a groove at the bottom
of the vessel, in which works the bolt M; P represents the liquid bitumen in
the vessel; Qis the straw; and R, the straw and bitumen when pressed into
the mould; S, the combined piece when removed from the mould. The mode
of operating with this machine is as follows:-The fire-place is first heated, so
as to melt the bitumen placed therein; when that is done, I open the cover H,
and throw. in the straw or other suitable material, as shown at Figure 2.
The cover is then to be closed, as seen at Figures 2 and 3, and kept firm by.
the keys N. The piston rods are then put in motion, by turning the wheels.
thereon, causing the pistons to press forward the material into the mould, where
it remains compressed. To keep the matters compressed, I place the piece M
against the band L. The piston is then to be drawn back, and the cover H
removed, in order that the mould may be taken out and allowed to cool.
When the pressed material is taken out, and is ready for use, it may be divided
into any required lengths. I have also found that the arrangement of apparatus
shown in the Figures 6, 7, 8, and 9 of the Drawing, Sheet 2, well adapted
to compress the matters together after they have been suitably combined.
T is a metal cylinder, one part of the surface of which is smaller than the
other, as shewn at U, U'; V, V, is a bed plate, with partitions X, X, forming
troughs; Y, Y, are the thin metal moulds placed within these troughs;
Z shews the straw and bitumen being compressed by the surfaces T. With
this arrangement long lengths may be readily prepared.
What I claim is the mode of paving, roads and other surfaces by a com-
bination of materials, as herein described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Edmee Augustin Chameroy, have here-
unto set my hand and seal, this Seventeenth day of February, One
thousand oight hundred and fifte_one

page_text: This is the Specification referred to in the Affidavit of Samuel Carpmael,
sworn before me, this 21st day of February 1851.
R. CROSBY.
Samuel Carpmacl, of Lincoln's Inn, in the County of Middlesex, Gentleman,
maketh oath, and saith, That he is acquainted with the manner and character
of the handwriting of Thomas Pickford, Her Britannic Majesty's Consul at
Paris, in the Republic of France; and this Deponent further saith, that the
signature of "Thomas Pickford," set, subscribed, or written in the margin of
the Specification hereunto annexed, marked A, and dated the Seventeenth
day of February instant, and purporting to be executed by Edmce Augustin
Chameroy, of Paris aforesaid, whereby it is stated that the said Specification
was acknowledged by him, the said Edmee Augustin Chameroy, before the
said Thomas Pickford, on the said Seventeenth day of February, at Paris
aforesaid, is of the proper handwriting of the said Thomas Pickford.
S. CARPMAEL.