IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF COTTON CLOTHS KNOWN AS COTTON CORDS
Year: 1881

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Joseph Winter, of Farnworth, in the County of
Lancaster, Spinner and Manufacturer, and Thomas Ivers, of the same Place,
Mill Manager, for an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE
OF COTTON CLOTHS KNOWN AS COTTON CORDS."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION filed by the said Joseph Winter and Thomas
Ivers at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 25th August
1881.
JOSEPH WINTER, of Farnworth, in the County of Lancaster, Spinner and Manu-
facturer, and THOMAS IVERS, of the same Place, Mill Manager. "IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE MANUFACTURE OF COTTON CLOTHS KNOWN AS COTTON CORDS."
Our Invention has for its object improvements in weaving cords with a calico
and ribbed twill back, and calico and twill back for cockling purposes, and also an
irregular twill back for heavy cloth and raising and cockling purposes, and it
consists in a new system of interlacing the weft throads with the warp threads or
what is called crossing, thereby making a firmer and a better bound cloth, which
causes the rib or cord to cockle with less weight of weft than has hitherto been
done in the ordinary double jean or twill back cord.
In carrying out our Invention we intersect the warp threads with the weft
threads mor frequently than has hitherto been done, and in a more varied manner;
for instance, in combining the face with the back when weaving cords with a
calico and ribbed twill back with twelve warp threads to the draught or gait over,
for the ribbed twill we intersect the warp threads with the weft threads eight
times in each of three picks to the draught or gait over, and in each of these three
picks we non intersect four times to the draught or gait over, and for the calico we
imake one pick with twelve intersections to the draught or gait over or pattern;
we also make a cloth with twenty-four warp threads (with either single, doubled,
or trebled threads) to the draught or gait over with the same number of inter-
sections, but with sixteen non intersections to each of three picks, as in the cloth
last described, and one pick with twelve non-intersections.

page_text: In combining the face with the back when weaving cords with a calico and
twill back with twelve warp threads (either single, doubled, or trebled) to the
draught or gait over, we make two picks for the calico, and two picks for the twill;
for the two picks for the calico we intersect the warp threads with the weft
threads twelve times each to the draught or gait over, and for the two picks for
the twill we intersect the warp threads with the weft threads eight times each
with four non intersections each to the draught or gait over.
In this we make the two twill picks for raising purposes, and at the same time
the warp threads are so intersected as not to diminish the cockled appearance,
which is very essential.
We also make cords with a calico and twill back with twenty four warp threads
(either single, doubled, of trebled) to the draught or gait over, and in combining the
face with the back we use the same number of intersections per pick, as in the
cloth last described for the calico and for the twill respectively, and with twelve
non intersections of the warp threads for the calico and sixteen non intersections
for the twill.
In combining the face with the back when weaving an irregular twill back with
twelve ends to the draught or gait over, we intersect the warp threads with the
weft threads six times in the draught or gait over for two consecutive picks, and
we non intersect six times, and then make two consecutive picks with ten inter-
sections, and two non intersections to the draught or gait over; by working the
two ten intersected warp threads consecutively and the two six intersected warp
threads consecutively, we obtain a firmer and better interlaced cloth, and a more
cockled appearance. We also make a cloth with twenty four ends (either single,
doubled, or trebled) to the draught or gait over, with the same number of inter-
sections to each pick in the draught or gait over as in the cloth described, and
with eighteen non-intersections for the first two picks and fourteen non-inter-
sections for the next two picks.
In all the above mentioned cloths we use eight picks or shots of weft in making
the ribbed pile or cord, and we also use four picks or shots to the pattern in
combining the face with the back, and we use either single, doubled, or trebled
warp threads,

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said Joseph Winter and Thomas Ivers in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 25th February 1882.
JOSEPH WINTER, of Farnworth, in the County of Lancaster, Spinner and Manu-
facturer, and THOMAS IVERS, of the same Place, Mill Manager. "IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE MANUFACTURE OF COTTON CLOTHS KNOWN AS COTTON CORDS."
Our Invention has for its object improvements in weaving cords with a calico
and ribbed twill back, and calico and twill back for cockling purposes, and also an
irregular twill back for heavy cloth and raising and cockling purposes, and it
consists in a new system of interlacing the weft threads with the warp threads, or
what is called crossing, thereby making a firmer and a better bound cloth, which
causes the rib or cord to cockle with less weight of weft than has hitherto been
done in the ordinary double jean or twill back cord.
In carrying out our Invention we intersect the warp threads with the weft
threads more frequently than has hitherto been done and in a more varied manner;
for instance, in combining the face with the back when weaving cords with a
calico and ribbed twill back with twelve warp threads to the draught or gait over,
for the ribbed twill we intersect the warp threads with the weft threads eight
times in each of three picks to the draught or gait over, and in each of these three
picks we non-intersect four times to the draught or gait over, and for the calico we
make one pick with twelve intersections to the draught or gait over or pattern;
we also make a cloth with twenty four warp threads (with either single, doubled,
or trebled threads) to the draught or gait over with the same number of inter-
sections, but with sixteen non-intersections to each of three picks, as in the cloth
last described, and one pick with twelve non-intersections.
In combining the face with the back when weaving cords with a calico and
twill back with twelve warp threads (either single, doubled, or trebled) to the
draught or gait over, we make two picks for the calico and two picks for the twill;
for the two picks for the calico we intersect the warp threads with the weft threads
twelve times each to the draught or gait over, and for the two picks for the twill
we intersect the warp threads with the weft threads eight times each with four
non-intersections each to the draught or gait over.
In this case we make the two twill picks for raising purposes, and at the same
time the warp threads are so intersected as not to diminish the cockled appearance,
which is very essential.
We also make cords with a calico and twill back with twenty-four warp threads
(either single, doubled, or trebled) to the draught or gait over, and in combining
the face with the back we use the same number of intersections per pick, as in the
cloth last described for the calico and for the twill respectively, and with twelve
non-intersections of the warp threads for the calico and sixteen non-intersections
for the twill.
In combining the face with the back when weaving an irregular twill back with
twelve ends to the draught or gait over, we intersect the warp threads with the
weft threads six times in the draught or gait over for two consecutive picks, and
we non-intersect six times and then make two consecutive picks with ten
intersections and two non-intersections to the draught or gait over; by working the
two ten intersected warp threads consecutively and the two six intersected warp
threads consecutively, we obtain a firmer and better interlaced cloth and a more
cockled appearance. We also make a cloth with twenty four ends (either single,
doubled, or trebled) to the draught or gait over, with the same number of

page_text: intersections to each pick in the draught or gait over as in the cloth described, and
with eighteen non-intersections for the first two picks and fourteen non-intersections
for the next two picks.
In all the above mentioned cloths we use eight picks or shots of weft in
making the ribbed pile or cord, and we also use four picks or shots to the pattern
in combining the face with the back, and we use either single, doubled, or trebled
warp threads.
And in order that our Invention may be fully understood we will refer to the
accompanying Sheet of Diagrams, which show various tie ups used in weaving our
improved cloth.
The crosses on the Diagrams indicate the order in which the warp threads are
raised.
Figs. 1 and 3 are diagrams showing tie ups or patterns or figures for weaving
cotton cords with calico and twill back according to our Invention with twelve
ends to the draught or gait over, with twelve shots or picks of weft to complete
the pattern.
Figs. 2 and 4 are abstracted from Figs. 1 and 3, showing two shots of weft, each
intersecting the warp threads eight times, with four non-intersections each and
with two picks or shots, each intersecting the warp threads twelve times in
combining the face with the back.
Figs. 5 and 7 are diagrams showing tie ups or patterns or figures for weaving
cotton cords with calico and twill back according to our Invention, with twenty-
four warp threads to the draught or gait over, with twelve shots or picks to
complete the pattern.
Figs. 6 and 8 are abstracted from Figs. 5 and 7, showing two shots of weft, each
intersecting the warp threads eight times with sixteen non-intersections each, and
two picks or shots with twelve intersections and twelve non-intersections each in
combining the face with the back.
Figs. 9, 11, and 13 are diagrams showing tie ups or patterns or figures for
weaving cotton cords with an irregular twill back according to our Invention with
twelve ends or warp threads to the draught or gait over; we intersect the
warp threads for two consecutive picks or shots of weft six times, and two
consecutive picks or shots of weft ten times in combining the face with the
back.
Figs. 10, 12, and 14 are abstracted from Figs. 9, 11, and 13, showing two shots
of weft or picks, each intersecting the warp threads six times with six non-
intersections each, and two shots, each intersecting the warp threads ten times with
two non-intersections each to the draught or gait over in combining the face with
the back.
Figs. 15, 17, and 19 are diagrams showing tie-ups or patterns or figures for
weaving cotton cords with an irregular twill back according to our Invention with
twenty four ends or warp threads to the draught or gait over; we intersect the
warp threads for two consecutive picks or shots of weft six times and two
consecutive picks or shots of weft ten times in combining the face with the
back.
Figs. 16, 18, and 20, are abstracted from Figs. 15, 17, and 19, showing two shots
of weft or picks, each intersecting the warp threads six times with eighteen non-
intersections each, and two shots, each intersecting the warp threads ten times with
fourteen non-intersections each to the draught or gait over in combining the face
with the back,
Having stated the nature of our Invention and described the manner of
performing the same,
We declare that we claim,-
1. In weaving cotton cords with twelve or twenty four warp threads to the
draught or gait over, the raising of either three or six consentive warn threade

page_text: simultaneously and intersecting them with the weft threads, as and for the purpose
shown and described.
2. The improved cotton cords woven as herein described.
In witness whereof, we, the said Joseph Winter and Thomas Ivers, have
hereunto respectively set our hands and seals, this Twenty fourth day of
February, One thousand eight hundred and eighty two.
TACHT
JOSEPH WINTER. (LS.
THOMAS IVERS.
(L.S.)