IMPROVEMENTS IN MOVING OR TRAVERSING AND HOLDING FORGINGS OR INGOTS UNDER STEAM HAMMERS OR EQUIVALENT HAMMERING APPARATUS, AND IN THE MEANS EMPLOYED THEREFOR." PRO
Year: 1881

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Andrew Mure, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark,
North Britain, Engineer, for an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MOVING
OR TRAVERSING AND HOLDING FORGINGS OR INGOTS UNDER STEAM
HAMMERS OR EQUIVALENT HAMMERING APPARATUS, AND IN THE MEANS
EMPLOYED THEREFOR."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Andrew Mure at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 4th August 1881.
ANDREW MURE, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North Britain,
Engineer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN MOVING OR TRAVERSING AND HOLDING FORGINGS
OR INCOTS UNDER STEAM HAMMERS OR EQUIVALENT HAMMERING APPARATUS,
AND IN THE MEANS EMPLOYED THEREFOR."
This Invention, which relates to the moving or traversing and holding of heavy
forgings or ingots under steam or other equivalent hammer mechanism, has for its
object to dispense as much as possible with the manual labour at present employed
in moving ingots or forgings upon the anvil of the hammer under which they are
treated.
The Invention consists of a strong framing placed at opposite sides of the anvil.
In this framing there are mounted two or more triangular, square, or equivalent
carriers capable of rotation. The flat surfaces of these carriers are slightly below
the level of the face of the anvil block, but the angular edges of these carriers when
uppermost are above the level of the anvil block. The carriers are coupled together
so as to rotate in unison either by tooth gearing, chain gearing, connecting rods,
or their equivalent, and on the axis of one of the carriers there is mounted a
ratchet wheel and pawl driven by a chain or an equivalent connection with the
moving parts of the hammer.

page_text: The action of the apparatus is as follows:-When a forging or ingot is ready
to be hammered it is laid upon the carriers at one side of the anvil, which are
then rotated sufficiently to bring the front end of the ingot sufficiently far on the
anvil to receive the first blow of the hammer, the flat surface of the carrier ncarest
the hammer allowing the forging or ingot to rest upon the anvil face. On the
upward stroke of the hammer taking place it again causes a second rotation of the
carriers, which lift the forging or ingot up off from the face of the anvil, and
advance the said forging or ingot sufficiently for the next stroke of the hammer,
and so on continuously until the forging or ingot is hammered throughout in one
direction, by which time the forging or ingot will have arrived onto the carriers at
the opposite side of the anvil, when the ratchet apparatus is reversed and causes
the carriers to move in a direction opposite to the direction of motion previously
traversed. By this means a forging or ingot is automatically moved backwards
and forwards until reduced to the required thickness. As the next step in
hammering a forging or ingot is to turn it over on its edge or face at right angles
to that which has been previously hammered, provision is made for the turning of
the ingot on that edge or face by the action of the hammer in rising through a
chain pulling upon one or more cranks or levers or their equivalents until the
forging or ingot is in an upright position, at which time the attendant moves a
guide carried upon a shaft and capable of being adjusted in any required position,
the forging or ingot after which is moved backwards and forwards between the
hammer and the anvil as required.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said Andrew Mure in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
4th February 1882.
ANDREW MURE, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North Britain,
Engineer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN MOVING OR TRAVERSING AND HOLDING FORGINGS
OR INGOTS UNDER STEAM HAMMERS OR EQUIVALENT HAMMERING APPARATUS,
AND IN THE MEANS EMPLOYED THEREFOR."
My said Invention has for its object to dispense as much as possible with the
manual labour at present employed in moving and holding ingots or forgings upon
the anvil of hammering apparatus by providing machinery for these purposes
consisting of a series of carriers, which are so formed that on being rotated or
partly rotated after the hammer has delivered a blow they lift and feed the ingot
or forging being hammered into position for receiving the next blow of the
hammer.
And in order that my said Invention may be properly understood I will now
proceed to describe and more particularly set forth the system, mode, or manner
in or under which the same is or may be used or practically carried into effect,
reference being had to the accompanying Drawings, in the several Figures of which
like letters indicate corresponding parts, that is to say :-
Figure 1 represents in side elevation, and Figure 2 in end elevation, machinery
constructed according to my Invention in position beneath a steam hammer;
Figure 3 is a plan of the said machinery; Figures 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8 represent
respectively modifications of my Invention, as hereinafter described.
In a strong framing A are carried bearings a, in which are mounted triangular
carriers B capable of revolving in the said bearings. The flat surfaces of these
carriers B are slightly below the level of the face of the anvil block X, but the
angular edges or apices of the said carriers when uppermost are above the level of
the said anvil block. The carriers B are coupled together by the rods c, centred
to cranks b, fixed at the two ends of each carrier B, so that the motion given to
one carrier is transmitted to the other carriers. Upon the axis of one of the said
carriers is a pinion d, with which gears another pinion e on a counter shaft e
carried in suitable bearings. On this counter shaft is keyed a ratchet wheel e³, and
a pawl fis carried in the lever f2 mounted loosely upon the said shaft e³. This
pawlf is a double acting pawl and may be of any suitable construction. As shewn
in the Drawing it is mounted by its axis f³ in the lever f, one end of this axis f³
projecting and being squared for the reception of a handle to turn the pawl f into
position to engage either one or other of its ends with the teeth of the ratchet
wheel e or to place it in a neutral position. A spring f* bears upon the back of
the pawl upon the back of which are formed two V notches, on whose side
furthest from the axis, are projections upon or against which the spring f* bears in
accordance with the position which the pawlf is to take. A shaft G is mounted
in bearings g carried by brackets on the framing of the hammer, to which shaft G
a motion of partial rotation is given at each ascent of the hammer by the "tup" of
the said hammer bearing upon a wiper g² keyed upon the said shaft G. This
shaft also carries an arm g³ keyed thereto, the outer end of the said arın being
connected to one end of a connecting rod h, the other end of which rod is coupled
by a slotted connection with the pawl lever ƒ³. The rod h is shown as being
formed in two parts jointed at and to the arm 2 turning upon the pin ³, carried
in à bracket attached to the framing of the hammer so as to give steadiness to
the said rod h. The hereinbefore described mechanism is for the purpose of
-rotating. the carriers B. The said carriers B are arranged in two sets, one set on

page_text: either side of the anvil X, but all the cranks b of both sets of carriers are connected
by the rods c so as to simultaneously receive the same movement. In order to
turn the ingot or forging upon its edge or side for hammering the same in another
direction the mechanism now next described is provided.
Underneath each set of carriers B two shafts i are mounted in bearings in the
framing of the machine, the length of the said shafts being at right angles to the
length of the carriers B. Each of these shafts has keyed to it a number of arins
situated between the carriers B, and when in their lowest position resting in
recesses in the framing A beneath the level of the upper parts of the said carriers B.
In bearings are mounted two shafts %, one for operating the pair of shafts i
under one set of carriers, and the other for operating the pair of shafts i under the
other set of carriers. Each shaft khas keyed to it arms 3 and 4, the arm k³
having a hook or eye to which a chain pulled upon by the hammer, as hereinafter
described, can be attached, The arm of each shaft is connected by the link
to the longer end of the double ended arm keyed upon one of the shafts i of
each pair of such shafts. The two shafts i of each pair are connected together by
the shorter end 23 of the double ended arm before mentioned and the connecting
link, so that the motion given to the one shaft is transmitted to the other in
the reverse direction in order that the arms of both shafts i are moved upwards
simultaneously. The shafts are each provided with a friction pulley. m and
binding clutch m², which being tightened upon the said pulley by means of the
screw m³ fixes the shafts and consequently the shafts i and arms in the
position to which they have been brought. The requisite movement to cause. the
lifting of the arms 2 is obtained from the movement of the shaft G, an arm n, and
rod p similar to those marked g³ and h, hereinbefore described for giving the
motion to the carriers being connected with the said shaft G at its other end to
cause the lifting of an arm p² to which is attached a chain p³, which is connected
at its other end by a hook or other connection to one or other of the arms ³
according to which set of the arms is to be raised, that is to say, whether the
arms between the set of carriers on the one side or those on the other side of the
anvil are to be raised. Rollers q are placed at each end of the framing A to
facilitate the reception and delivery of the ingot or forging by the machine. The
action of the mechanism is as follows:-
When the machine is in operation the ingot or forging Z to be fed under the
hammer by the said machine is laid upon the carriers B at one side of the anvil X,
and at each ascent of the hammer the wiper g² is tilted by the "tup" of the
hammer coming into contact therewith, and a motion of partial rotation is given
to the shaft G, which is transmitted through the arm g³ and rod h to the pawl
lever f and pawl f, which, engaging with the ratchet wheel e³, gives a motion of
partial rotation to the counter shaft e², which motion is transmitted to the
carrier B above through the pinions e and d. The carriers B being connected
together by the cranks b and rods c, all simultaneously receive a corresponding
motion, the stroke of the pawl f and the diameters of the pinions e and d being
so proportioned as to turn the carriers B through a third of a revolution at each
lift of the hammer. By this movement the ingot or forging (which is indicated
at Z) is fed to beneath the hammer, so as to rest upon the anvil X, a repitition of
the said movements thereafter at each lift of the hammer raising up the ingot or
forging after each blow of the hammer thereupon clear of the anvil, and feeding it
forwards for the next blow. The position of rest of the carriers B is with one of
their three flat sides in a horizontal position, in which position these flat sides are
below the level of the anvil face, and each movement of the said carriers B brings
the next succeeding flat side into a horizontal position, so that the angular parts
of the carriers during the movement thereof lift the ingot or forging to carry it
again clear of the anvil. When the series of movements of the carriers B in one
direction have caused the ingot or forging Z to have passed beneath the hammer
so as to be hammered throughout its entire length, the said ingot or forging Z is
.resting upon the set of carriers B at the side of the anvil, opposite to that from

page_text: which the said ingot or forging approached the hammer. To pass the ingot or
forging again beneath the hammer, the motion of the carriers B is reversed by
turning the rod h over to the other side of the axial line of the counter shaft e
which can be readily done when the hammer is at the top of its stroke, and the
pawl lever consequently nearly in a vertical position, the slotted connection of
the rod to the pawl lever f' being for the purpose of allowing of this throwing
over of the said rod. The pawl f is then reversed by turning it by a handle
placed upon the squared end of its axis f³, so that the ✓ notches at the back of
the said pawl engage with the opposite end of the retaining spring f', and move-
ment in a direction opposite to that which was previously given to them is
consequently imparted to the carriers B to feed the ingot or forging back beneath
the hammer. When the other sides of the ingot or forging are to be hammered,
that is to say, the sides at right angles to the already hammered sides, the ingot
is turned at right angles to its former position and supported in this position by
the arms, the movement of the said arms to effect this being obtained by
attaching the chain p3 to that arm of the shaft which is in connection with the
arms of the set of carriers upon which the ingot or forging is resting, and giving
a lift to the hammer to exert a pull upon the chain, and through the intermediate
mechanism cause the lifting of the arins 22. The shaft is then clamped by the
friction clamp m³ to retain the arms 2 in position. The ingot or forging is now
fed forwards beneath the hammer by the motion of the carriers B, as herein before.
described, when the said ingot or forging has passed the first pair of arms of the
set of carriers on the opposite side of the anvil. These arms are also raised by
connecting the chain p³ to the arm of the shaft in connection with these said
arms, and the said shaft is likewise clamped by its friction clamp m³.
19
In the arrangement of the wiper g2 shown in the Drawings it will be evident
that the hammer must be raised to a height sufficient to cause the "tup to come
into contact with the said wiper, whether the ingot or forging is being hammered
upon its edge or upon its flat side. In order to render it unnecessary to raise the
hammer to as great a height when hammering on the flat side of the ingot or forging,
or when the ingot or forging is but at a small elevation upon the anvil, the arrange-
ment shown in dotted lines in Figures 1 and 2 may be employed. The shaft G
may be carried in brackets at such a distance beneath the shaft G that the "tup"
of the hammer passes it when raised to an insufficient distance to come into
contact with the wiper g². This shaft G2 carries a wiper G³ loose upon but capable
of being engaged with the said shaft by the clutch G. Thus when a flat ingot or
forging is being hammered, the clutch G is engaged with the boss of the wiper G³,
and consequently the "tup" of the hammer coming into contact with the said
wiper turns the said shaft G, and through the arms h², p², operates the carriers B
and arms, as before described.
Although in the Drawings I have shown the sets of carriers B as consisting of
four each, yet I do not limit myself to this number, as there may be more or less
than four, as may be found convenient, nor do I limit myself to the triangular
form of the said carriers, as they may be square, elliptical, or of other form, pro-
vided that they have a portion or portions which are brought to a level above
that of the anvil for feeding the ingot or forging forward, and a portion or portions
at or below the level of the anvil for the ingot or forging to rest upon whilst being
hammered, essentially as herein before described, and if desired the angular edges
and surfaces of these carriers may be cut away at parts to form projections, upon
which the ingot or forging rests and is carried forward. Neither do I limit myself
to the use of the cranks b and rods c for transmitting the motion to all the
carriers B, as other suitable means may be adopted for this purpose; for example,
the said motion may be transmitted by skewed toothed mitre gearing, as shown in
Figures 4 and 5, which represent respectively in side and end elevation machinery
constructed according to my Invention, but operated in a manner differing from
that herein before described.

page_text: It will be seen in these views that the intermittent rotary motion is imparted to
the carriers B by means of skewed mitre gearing. For this purpose I support in
suitable bearings attached to each side of the carriage shafts u, u¹, on which are
keyed mitre wheels t, t, corresponding in number to the number of carriers
employed. With these wheels t, t, are geared the wheels x, x¹, fixed at the two
ends of the carriers B. A ratchet device f2 (similar in construction to that
previously described) is employed in connection with the mitre wheel suitably
mounted and supported on a shaft and pedestal s. Motion is transmitted from the
ratchet device to the gear wheel, which gearing with wheel & transmits the
motion to shaft u and the wheels t fitted thereon. With these said wheels t are
geared the wheels x on the ends of carrier B, thereby transmitting motion through
the said carriers to the wheels x on the other ends of same, which are so geared
together by means of the shaft u' and mitre wheels t¹ that the motion given to one
carrier is transmitted to the other carriers. The diameters of the wheels t and
before mentioned are so proportioned as to turn the carriers B through a third of a
revolution at each lift of the hammer.
Figures 6, 7, and 8 represent respectively a side elevation, plan, and a side
elevation with plate removed of an improved ratchet device for operating the
carriers B. In this said device it will be seen there are two ratchet wheels a
and b keyed side by side on that shaft, by which the motion is transmitted to the
other parts of the machine, and two corresponding pawls c and d pivoted on the
same axis, but working independently of one another. At the back of these.
pawls and bearing upon the same are the springs e and f At the underside of
the pawls are fitted, in suitable bearings formed in the two side plates, two
spindles (squared at 2 and 3, as shown at one end in Figures 6 and 7, to admit of
a key or spanner being fitted upon them), upon which are fixed the two cams or
eccentrics g and he, by which the action of the ratchet may be varied in the manner
now to be described.
Supposing the ratchet be to be, as shown at Figure 8, engaged by the pawl do,
and it is desired that said ratchet should be thrown out of gear with both the
pawls and do, then it is only necessary by means of a key or spanner fitted on
to the squared end j to turn the cam or eccentric he one half a revolution in order
to bring it into a position similar to that in which g is shown, or on the other
hand, when it is desired the apparatus should act in the reverse direction to that
shown it is necessary to turn (in the manner before described with reference to one
spindle) both spindles one half a revolution, by these. means throwing-out of gear-
the pawl do, and the pawl into gear with the other ratchet aⓇ. This ratchet
device may if necessary be formed as shown at , to allow a counter balance
weight being fixed upon it at any required distance.from its axis,
I do not limit myself to the means described for giving the requisite motion to
the carriers B, nor to the means described for raising the holding and guiding
arms 2, as any other suitable or convenient means may be employed for these
purposes. Although I have shown and described the machine as being provided
with the arms for turning and guiding the ingot or forging to present a fresh
surface beneath the hammer, yet when this is not required the machine may be
constructed without these arms and the mechanism connected therewith; or when
such turning is required it may be effected by other suitable or convenient means,
as for example by manual labour. It is to be understood that in place of driving
the carriers B from the hammer direct, they may be driven by mechanism inde-
pendent of the hammer.
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of my said
Invention, and the system, mode, or manner in or under which the same is or may
be used or practically carried into effect, I would observe in conclusion that I wish
it to be understood that I do not limit myself to the precise details herein described
and illustrated in the accompanying Drawings, as the same may be varied without
departing from the nature of my Invention, but what I consider to be novel and

page_text: original, and therefore claim as the Invention secured to me by the hereinbefore in
part recited Letters Patent is;-
First. The machinery for moving, traversing, and holding forgings or ingots
under steam hammers or other hammering apparatus, having the carriers B of such
a form, and operated in such a manner as to lift and feed the said ingot or forging
under the hammer between the strokes, as hereinbefore described.
Second. In machinery for moving, traversing, and holding forgings or ingots under
steam hammers or other hammering apparatus, the combination with the carriers B of
the means for operating the same consisting of the wiper g2 acted upon by the
movement of the hammer, the shaft G, arm g, rod h, pawl lever f, pawlf, ratchet
wheel e³, shaft e³, and transmitting wheels d, e, or their mechanical equivalents, as
herein before described and illustrated in the accompanying Drawings. Also the
combination with these parts of the extra shaft G2, wiper G3, and clutch G, as and
for the purpose herein set forth.
Third. In machinery for moving, traversing, and holding forgings or ingots
under stean hammers or other hammering apparatus, the combination with the
carriers B of the means for turning and supporting the ingot or forging consisting
of the arms ³, 13, let, k, shafts , k, and i, i, i, i, and arms 2, 2, and their con-
nections, or the mechanical equivalents of such a mechanism, as hereinbefore
described and illustrated in the accompanying Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said Andrew Mure, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this Third day of February, in the year of our Lord One thousand
eight hundred and eighty two.
ANDREW MURE. (L.S.)