„Improvements in the Manufacture of Scotch, Kidderminster, or Ingrain Carpets.
Year: 1895

page_text: is Print is in accordance with the Original Specification as it stands
after Amendment (under Section 11 of the Patents, &c. Act, 1883), as
required by the decision of the Chief Examiner of the 18th day of
December 1896.
Date of Application, 1st Aug., 1895
Complete Specification Left, 1st May, 1896-Accepted, 27th June, 1896
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
„Improvements in the Manufacture of Scotch, Kidderminster, or
Ingrain Carpets.
We, GAVIN THOMAS TODD, Carpet Manufacturer, and WILLIAM TANNAHILL,
Carpet Factory Manager, both of Gordon's Mills Carpet Works, Woodside, in
the City and County of Aberdeen, do hereby declare the nature of this invention
to be as follows:-
Our invention relates to and embodies improvements in the manufacture of
Scotch, Kidderminster or Ingrain reversible carpeting in three or more plies of
weft but as a single cloth, whereby we produce a firmer fabric, and according to the
manner of card-cutting, a fabric having the same design on both sides of the carpet
or different designs on each side of the carpet.
In weaving this fabric, either on a single or double eyed Jacquard machine we
depart from the ordinary make of Scotch, Kidderminster or Ingrain carpeting
where each ply of weft is distinct and separate and is governed by its own particular
warp, and instead make it a single cloth fabric.
}
Two warps are employed upon separate beams each having let-off motions to
regulate their respective speeds of delivery. One of the warps is a fine or catch
thread, used to make and bind the weft plies into cloth and operated on either by
the cards, heddles or journals, and drawn or heddled to give two threads up and two
threads down (or split up and split down) on face and back, alternately, right
across the width of the fabric. The other warp is a thick plied thread used as a
stuffer in the body of the fabric and employed in separating the various plies of
weft threads to give pattern, and operated on by the cards. Four threads (two of
each warp) are used in each split of the reed, and a card is required for each pick
of weft.
By this means or mode of weaving we produce an improved reversible Scotch,
Kidderminster or Ingrain carpet of greater durability and by the particnlar mode
or manner in which the pattern cards are cut, a more novel effect, that is, having
the same design or designs entirely different to each other on both sides of the
fabric.
Dated thin 21 at 11 1005

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION (AMENDED).
Improvements in the Manufacture of Scotch, Kidderminster, or
Ingrain Carpets.
We, GAVIN THOMAS TODD, Carpet Manufacturer, and WILLIAM TANNAHILL,
Carpet Factory Manager, both of Gordon's Mills Carpet Works, Woodside, in the
City and County of Aberdeen, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and
in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement :-
This invention relates to and embodies an improvement in the make of Scotch,
Kidderminster or Ingrain reversible carpeting in three or more plies of weft but as
a single cloth, and consists in the employment of the fine or catch binding threads
in pairs, the threads of each pair being separated by a stuffing warp thread, whereby
we get a firmer fabric and according to the manner of card cutting, a fabric having
different designs on each side of the carpet.
The invention is illustrated by the accompanying drawings, Figs. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 9
and 10 being diagrams relative to the formation of the cloth and Figs. 7 and 8
perspective views of part of the Jacquard mechanism, these figures being each
hereinafter particularly referred to.
In weaving this fabric, either on a single or double eyed Jacquard machine,
two warps are employed upon separate beams, each having let-off. motions to
regulate their respective speeds of delivery; one of the warps is a fine or catch
thread, used to make and bind the weft plies into the cloth, and operated on either
by the cards, heddles or journals, and drawn or heddled to give two threads up and
two threads down (or split up and split down) on face and back, alternately right
across the width of the fabric. The other warp is a thick plied thread used as a
stuffer in the body of the fabric, and employed in separating the various plies of
weft threads to give pattern, and operated on by the cards only. Four threads,
two of each warp, are used in each split of the reed, and a card is required for
each pick of weft. By-this-means-or mode of weaving we get an improved reversible
Scotch, Kidderminster or Ingrain carpet of greater durability, and by the particular
mode or manner in which the pattern cards are cut, designs entirely different to each
other on both sides of the fabric, the reversible patterns being woven in a known
manner.
Three weft threads to a line of design or a three ply fabric is necessary to give
the novel effects we attain.
In working the improved cloth, the jacquard, Fig. 7, consists of two combs A²
and B2, the back one (B2) of which is a skeleton or frame, two plains or journals C³
and D2, and a barrel or cylinder E2.
The front comb A² is used for lifting the thick warp or stuffer to give pattern,
and the skeleton or back comb B2 for lifting the journals or thin binding warp.
Both combs A2 and B2, rise together for each insertion of weft, by means of
crank-face-plate F, which is fixed to and revolves on, the end of loom counter-
shaft.
The journals C and D2 are raised by means of short upright journal rods (H³
and I³) with hooked tops. These project up through the skeleton comb. Small
studs are fixed on the ends of the skeleton comb, one for each journal rod on which
the hooked tops are caught when these are to be raised. As only one of these
journal rods is intended to be up at one time the books are placed face to face and
are operated on by the journal needle G2 through which they pass, Fig. 8, and are
controlled by barrel or cylinder E³.
As the journals C and D are each raised three times consecutively, the barrel
or cylinder E is hexagonal; and to give the necessary operation to the journal
needle G², holes are bored on three consecutive faces, the other three being blank,
11-2

page_text: this provides for the end of the journal-needle G² entering the barrel or cylinder E²,
in which case the journal rod H2 is caught on to the skeleton comb B2 and is raised"
by it.
On the other hand when the journal-needle G² does not enter the
cylinder E it is pressed back by it and the journal rod I2 is caught on to skeleton.
comb B2 and is raised by it.
+
The barrel or cylinder E³ as it moves out is caught by the sneck J, Fig. 7,
which causes it to be turned one face for each operation and present a different
card for every insertion of weft.
In designing for this fabric we produce different designs on each side by
planning that the figure on the face does not interfere with the figure on the back,
that is, independent figuring space must be assigned to each side of the cloth,
or, in other words, the figures on face and back must indent. This being so,
quite different patterns may be drawn for each side of the cloth, though at the
same time parts of each pattern may be made to simply reverse in a different
colour.
The patterns for face and back though being different to one another are designed
on the same sheet of paper, different colours.only indicating the proper position of
the weft threads in each ply, whether they are to be on the face, centre or back of
cloth. The face and back figures being painted in different colours (though both
are formed by the same colour of weft) the cutting of the cards ensures that the
face ground weft covers over the space occupied by the back figure on design, and
the back ground weft covers over the space occupied by the face figure on design,
so that the result is a cloth having the special feature or novelty of different
patterns on both sides and each on grounds of different colours.
The stuffing or figure warp and the catch or binding warp are drawn or heddled,
one thread of each alternately, as shown at Fig. 9, A' and B. A' represents the
stuffing or figure warp and B represents the catch or binding warp, but the special
split or two thread binding effect is got from their position in the journals being
two taken and two missed alternately; or by cutting the journals two and two on
the cards. The two binding threads which come in the same split of the reed do
not close together and appear only as one thread on the face, being held apart by
a stuffing warp thread between, see Figure 6.
In the accompanying diagrams Fig. 1 represents the different colours required in
the design, with the exception of B; A and B being represented by the same
colour on design but standing for face ground weft and back ground weft in the
cloth. Let any three colours, say red, green and gold be represented by A, B
and C,-three weft threads-then
A represents face ground weft.
B represents back ground weft.
C represents face and back figure weft.
D
1

page_text: Figure 3 shews the various positions of the weft threads A, B, C, in the cloth:
The small dots H represent the catch warp in the odd splits of the .reed upon the
face. The small dots J represent the catch warp in the even splits of the reed down!
on: the back. H and J reverse positions every three picks. The heavy dots
represent the stuffing warp, and shew their position in the cloth. Six picks of weft:
constitute a weave, and a card is used for every pick...
Mi
In Figure 4, M, M,.are the weft threads.. H, H, are the binding threads in the
odd splits of the reed. K and L are the lying or centre threads of stuffing
warp.
Cauchy
300
:
Figure 5 gives the same representation in the even splits of the reed.
Figure 6 is a plan of the face of the cloth. A, A, are. the weft picks, H, H, are
the binding threads in the odd splits. J, J, are the binding threads in the even
splits. This plan shews clearly our meaning of binding by pairs...
:
CARD CUTTING FOR FIGURES 2 AND 3.
A. Red card, top ground pick.
Cut F and G and odd ends of C and. E.
B. Green card, back ground pick.
Cut A and C and odd ends of D and F.
C. Gold card, face and back figure pick.
Cut D and E and odd ends of A and G.
We also make this cloth in a single eye Jacquard machine, the only differences
in procedure being that we cut the binding warp journals on the cards, and the
warp drawing is straight over needles, Figure 10, A. and B'. A¹ represents stuffing
or figure warp, and B' represents the catch or binding warp.
:
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, we
are aware that
reversible pattern" carpets have been publicly manufactured for many years in
ordinary looms, and we make no clain for such carpets with such reversible sides
and we declare that what we claim is :-
1. In the manufacture of a carpet fabric having a fine or catch warp to bind the
cloth and a heavy plied stuffing warp-to-make pattern or design, the stuffing warp
being carried on a separate beam the employment of the fine or catch binding threads
in pairs, the threads of each pair being separated by a stuffing warp thread.
2. A carpet fabric woven as described in the first claim with the binding warp
separated into open pairs on the face of the carpet, and having a distinct or reversible
pattern or design showing on the underside of the fabric, substantially as
described.
Dated this 20th 1 CA1 1900