Improvements in Furnaces or Kilns for Burning Bricks, Tiles, and the like.
Year: 1890

page_text: Date of Application, 13th Mar., 1890
Complete Specification Left, 13th Dec., 1890-Accepted, 31st Jan., 1891
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Furnaces or Kilns for Burning Bricks, Tiles,
and the like.
I, GUSTAV MÖLLER, of Hohenlimburg, in the Empire of Germany, Manu-
facturer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
This invention relates to furnaces or kilns for burning bricks, tiles and the like.
Almost all the so-called annular furnaces or kilus heretofore used possess a great
number of channels which serve for conducting the heating gases and products of
combustion and are in connection with each other by inaccessible valves in the
interior of the masonry. This arrangement has a very disadvantageous effect in
the working of the furnaces or kilns. It constitutes the cause of the very con-
siderable losses of heat and renders it impossible to watch the progress of the
burning. In the heating furnace or kiln constructed according to the aforesaid
invention a comparatively small number of channels are provided, and these
channels are connected exteriorly with each other by removable pipes or closed by
covers. By this means the loss of heat is reduced to a minimum and the working
of the furnace or kiln can be observed at any time and at every point. The
improved furnace or kiln is moreover provided with a device for automatically
regulating the draught.
In this furnace or kiln horizontal channels extend from the bottom of each of
the several chambors to a vertical channel one of these chaunels directly and the
other below the bottom of the chamber. Upon the said vertical channel is placed
a pipe connecting it with the flue which is common to all the chambers and leads
to the chimney outside the furnace or kiln. The said pipe is removable, as it is
placed only upon the channel of the chambers from which the heating gases or
products of combustion are to be drawn accordingly only these chambers are at any
time in connection with the chimney.
Other connections for establishing communication between the said chambers and
the chimney for the purpose of the burning proper of the bricks, tiles or the like
are not provided in this furnace or kiln. Therefore in the working of the latter
the above mentioned pipes are placed only upon one or more chambers containing
the bricks or tiles to be preliminarily heated, whilst the channels of the other
chambers are closed, the working being in other respects similar to that of the
furnaces or kilns heretofore used. Through the charging holes of the chambers
containing the bricks or tiles to be cooled then enters the exterior air, and after its
passage through the other chambers the air passes together with the products of
combustion from the said chambers containing the bricks or tiles to be preliminarily
heated through the above mentioned pipes to the flue and further to the chimney.
Under these circumstances the heat of the gases is utilized to the greatest extent.
If use were made of any inaccessible valves, such as the bell-shaped valves in the
furnaces or kilns heretofore employed, for closing the several chambers through
which the gases pass, it would be impossible to obviate the escape of a portion of
these gases. By reason of the impossibility of inspecting such valves it cannot be
ascertained for a certainty whether they have become injured especially after the
repeated use; and the repair of them in cases of injury causes a great amount of
trouble. In the improved furnace or kiln the orifices of the channels to be closed
are covered by lids having rebated edges and the joints formed are rendered tight
by means of sand, this mode of closing the said orifices being repeated each time.
The workman has these orifices before his eyes, he can therefore close them in a
proper manner at the beginning, and immediately repair the closing devices at any
points at which they may ubsequently sustain injuries. The closing devices can

page_text: be repaired without trouble as soon as the least damage is done to them, so that
they will never allow the escape of the heating gases through the joints.
The arrangement which I employ for preliminarily drying the bricks or tiles is
very simple. A series of passages that extend from the chambers containing the
bricks or tiles to be preliminarily dried are connected by a pipe with a channel, a
second series of passages that extend from the chambers containing the bricks or
tiles to be cooled, whose heat is to be used for the drying, are connected by another
pipe with the aforesaid channel. Upon the channel connected with the first
chambers can moreover be placed a pipe such as is employed in the burning proper
of the bricks or tiles for conducting the heating gases. The heat for the drying
consequently passes first from the chambers containing the bricks or tiles to be
cooled through the passage communicating with this chamber and one of the pipes
into the said channel and thence through the second pipe and the passages with
the chambers containing the bricks or tiles to be preliminarily dried into these
latter chambers. It passes through the same from the top to the bottom, enters
the horizontal channels below, and is then conducted through the above mentioned
vertical channel pipe and flue and finally escapes into the chimney. The said two
pipes can, if necessary be provided with throttle-valves for regulating the draught.
These pipes and the pipe connecting the vertical channel and flue can be so
arranged that the heat will pass upwards through the bricks or tiles to be pre-
liminarily dried. In this instance the above-mentioned passages which communicate
with the chambers containing the bricks or tiles to be preliminarily dried are
connected by a suitable pipe with the said flue and the passages which communicate
with the chambers containing the bricks or tiles to be cooled are connected by a
pipe with the above-mentioned channel, whilst the channel which communicates
with the former chambers are also connected by a pipe with the latter channel.
Further modifications in the arrangement of the pipes are possible, for example
the heat can be caused to pass from the first chambers through the said channel and
pipe to another channel and thence either from above or from below into the
chambers wherein the drying is to be effected. Thus the arrangement can be
provided wherever it may be required.
It will be noticed that the number of the channels employed in the furnace
or kiln is very small, and that I therefore obviate the great losses of heat
which take place in the furnaces or kilns hitherto owing to a large system of
channels. This furnace or kiln can be built at much less expense and rarely
requires repairs, which latter can moreover be effected without much time and
outlay.
The arrangement of the furnace or kiln constructed in accordance with my
invention enables the working to be easily watched. As all the channels terminate
at the top of the furnace or kiln, they are accessible and enable the temperatures of
the heating gases and products of combustion to be accurately ascertained and all
the parts of the furnace or kiln to be watched.
In connection with the pipes which serve to conduct the heating gases from the
vertical channels into the flue can be easily provided a device for regulating the
draught. I preferably use a funnel of sheet iron which is arranged in the said pipe
so that it can be moved by means of a rod bearing upon two rollers, a ring being
provided on the inner periphery of the pipe. To the aforesaid rod is fixed a string
which passes over a roller and carries a weight. With the aid of this weight the
said funnel is so placed relatively to the ring in the pipe that as much gas will be
allowed to pass between the funnel and ring as is required for the regular draught.
If the draught increases the funnel is moved towards the ring so that the opening
for the passage will become narrower and the draught will decrease until its normal
state has been re-established.
Doted this 19th dow of Mouch 1000
HASELTINE, LAKE & Co.,
45, Southampton Buildings, London, W.C., Agents for the Applicant.

page_text: CUMI TIMEN DEECIFICATION.
Improvements in Furnaces or Kilns for Burning Bricks, Tiles,
and the like.
I, GUSTAVE MÖLLER, of Hohenlimburg, in the Empire of Germany, Manu-
facturer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the
same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement :-
.
This invention relates to furnaces or kilns for burning bricks, tiles and the like.
Almost all the so-called annular furnaces or kilns heretofore used possess a great
number of channels which serve for conducting the heating gases and products of
combustion and are in connection with each other by inaccessible valves in the
interior of the masonry. This arrangement has a very disadvantageous effect in
the working of the furnaces or kilns. It constitutes the cause of the very consider-
able losses of heat and renders it impossible to watch the progress of the burning.
In the heating furnace or kiln constructed according to the aforesaid invention a
comparatively small number of channels are provided, and these channels are
connected exteriorly with each other by removable pipes or closed by covers. By
this means the loss of heat is reduced to a minimum and the working of the furnace
or kiln can be observed at any time and at every point. The improved furnace or
kila is moreover provided with a device for automatically regulating the draught.
In the accompanying drawings the figures of which are hereinafter referred to,
I have shown how my said invention may be conveniently and advantageously
carried into practice.
As shown in Figures 2 and 3 the furnace or kiln is provided with horizontal
channels which extend from the bottom of each of the several chambers to a
vertical channel e one of the channels & directly and the other below the bottom of
the chamber. Upon the said vertical channel e, Figure 2, is placed a pipe con-
necting it with the flue which is common to all the chambers Figure I and leads
to the chimney outside the furnace or kiln. The said pipe is removable as it is
designed to be placed only upon the channel of the chambers from which the heating
gases or products of combustion are to be drawn ; accordingly only these chambers
are at any time in connection with the chimney.
Other connections for establishing communication between the said chambers and
the chimney for the burning proper of the bricks tiles or the like are not provided
in this furnace or kiln. Therefore in the working of the latter the pipes are placed
only upon one or more chambers containing the bricks or tiles to be preliminarily
heated whilst the channels e of the other chambers are closed, the working being in
other respects similar to that of the furnaces or kilns heretofore used. Through the
charging holes of the chambers containing the bricks or tiles to be cooled then
enters the exterior air, and after its passage through the other chambers, this air
passes together with the products of combustion from the said chambers containing
the bricks or tiles to be preliminarily heated through the above-mentioned pipes
to the flue and further to the chimney. Under these circumstances the heat of
the gases is utilized to the greatest extent. If use were made of any inaccessible
valves, such as the bell-shaped valves in the furnaces or kilns heretofore employed,
for closing the several chambers through which the gases pass, it would be impossible
to obviate the escape of a portion of these gases. By reason of the impossibility
of inspecting such valves it cannot be ascertained for a certainty whether they have
become injured, especially after the repeated use; and the repair of them in cases
of injury causes a great amount of trouble. In the improved furnace or kiln the
orifices of the channels e to be closed are covered by lids having rebated edges and
the joints formed are rendered tight by means of sand, this mode of closing the said
orifices being repeated each time. The workman has these orifices before his eyes,
he can therefore close them in a proper manner at the beginning, and immediately
repair the closing devices at any points at which they may subsequently sustain
injuries. The closing devices can be repaired without trouble as soon as the least

page_text: damage is done to them, so that they will never allow the escape of the heating
gases through the joints.
The arrangement which I employ for preliminarily drying the bricks or tiles is
very simple. A series of passages a that extend from the chambers containing the
bricks or tiles to be preliminarily dried are connected by a pipe b with the channel e
and a second series of passages a that extend from the chambers containing the
bricks or tiles to be cooled, whose heat is to be used for the drying, are connected
by another pipe b with the aforesaid channel e. Upon the channel e connected with
the first chambers can moreover be placed a pipe such as is employed in the
burning proper of the bricks or tiles for conducting the heating gases. The heat
for the drying consequently passes first from the chambers containing the bricks or
tiles to be cooled through the passages a communicating with this chamber and the
pipes into the said channel e and thence through the pipe b and the passages
communicating with the chambers containing the bricks or tiles to be preliminarily
dried into these latter chambers. It passes through the same from the top to the
bottom, enters the horizontal channels & below, and is then conducted through the
channel e, pipe and fluch, and finally escapes into the chimney. The said two
pipes can if necessary be provided with throttle valves for regulating the
draught. These pipes and the pipe f can be so arranged that the heat will pass
upwards through the bricks or tiles to be preliminarily dried. In this instance the
passages a which communicate with the chambers containing the bricks or tiles to
be preliminarily dried are connected by a suitable pipe & with the said flue hand
the passages which communicate with the chambers containing the bricks or tiles
to be cooled are connected by a pipe with the above-mentioned channel e, whilst
the channel which communicates with the former chambers are also connected by a
pipe with the channel e. The heat then passes through the pipe to the drying
channel, thence through the pipe to the channel e and the channels d, is conveyed
through-the-chamber-appertaining thereto from the bottom to the top and then
escapes, through the pipe b and the flue h to the chimney.
b
Further modifications in the arrangement of the pipes are possible for example
the heat can be caused to pass from the first chambers through the said channel e
and pipe to the second channel and thence either from above or from below into the
chambers wherein the drying is to be effected. Thus the pipes can be provided
wherever it may be required.
It will be noticed that the number of the channels employed in the furnace or
kiln is very small and that therefore obviate the great losses of heat which take
place in the furnaces or kilns hitherto owing to a large system of channels that must
also be heated and withdraws very much that from the furnace or kiln. The
improved furnace or kiln can be built at much less expense and rarely requires
repairs which latter can moreover be effected in a short time without very little
outlay.
my
The arrangement of the furnace or kiln constructed in accordance with inven-
tion enables the working to be easily watched. As all the channels terminate at
the top of the furnace or kiln, they are accessible and enable the temperatures of
the heating gases and products of combustion to be accurately ascertained and
all the parts of the furnace or kiln to be watched,
With the
In connection with the pipes f which serve to conduct the heating gases from
the channels e into the flue can be easily provided a device for regulating the
draught. I preferably use a funnel of sheet iron (Figure 1) which is arranged in
the said pipe fso that it can be moved by means of a rod bearing upon two rollers k,
a ring p being provided on the inner periphery of the pipe. To the aforesaid rod i
is fixed a string n which passes over a roller m and carries a weight o.
aid of this weight the said funnel is so placed relatively to the ring in the pipe that
as much gas will be allowed to pass between the funnel and ring as is required for
the regular draught. If the draught increases the funnel is moved towards the
ring so that the opening for the passage will become narrower and the draught will
decrease until its normal state has been re-established.

page_text: Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what mauner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
First. A furnace or kiln in which, for the purpose of facilitating the access, the
channels e, which serve for conducting the heating gases from the chamber of the
furnace or kiln, extend to the upper surface of the latter and can be connected by
pipes with the flue h.
Second. In a furnace or kiln of the kind characterized in the first claiming
clause, pipes which can connect the passages a of the several chambers with a
common channel e and the flue h and which also serve together with the channels e
and pipes for the preliminary drying.
Third. In a furnace or kiln of the kind characterized by the first claiming clause,
a device for automatically regulating the draught in the pipe characterized by a
ring and a funnel which is adapted to move to and fro and held in its normal
P
position by a weight o the arrangement being such that the heating gases are
obliged to pass between the said ring and funnel and will change the sectional area
of the passage when the pressure of the draught against the funnel is either greater
or smaller than that of the weight o.
Daten Gris 12 day of Decem
HASELTINE, LAKE & Co.,
45, Southampton Buildings, London, W.C., Agents for the Applicant.