IMPROVEMENTS IN UMBRELLAS AND PARASOLS
Year: 1859

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Benjamin Templar, of the City and County of
Bristol, Dyer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN UMBRELLAS AND
PARASOLS."
Sealed the 22nd July 1859, and dated the 22nd January 1859.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Benjamin Templar at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with bis Petition, on the
22nd January 1859.
I, BENJAMIN TEMPLAR, of the City and County of Bristol, Dyer, do bereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN UMBRELLAS
AND PARASOLS," to be as follows:-
My Invention refers to the means of attaching the stretchers to the ribs,
and ribs and stretchers to the ferrules. It consists in placing a collar or
other like piece of metal on the rib, and fixing it without perforating the rib,
and in forming a bearing on the under part of the collar, to which the outer
end of the stretcher is fastened by a pin, stud, screw, or otherwise. In order
to connect the rib to the fixed ferrule at the crown of the umbrella or parasol,
I form on or connect to the inner end of the rib a hook, which I hook over a
ring, and confine that ring in the ferrule. In like manner to connect the
stretcher to the sliding ferrule, I form a hook on the inner end, and pass that
over a ring fixed in the ferrule.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Benjamin Templar in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
22nd July 1859.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, BENJAMIN
TEMPLAR, of the City and County of Bristol, Dyer, send geeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-second day of January, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-nine, in the twenty-second year of
Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant
unto me, the said Benjamin Templar, Her special licence that I, the said
Benjamin Templar, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others
as I, the said Benjamin Templar, my executors, administrators, and assigns,
should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at
all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully
might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN UMBRELLAS AND PARASOLS," upon the condition. (amongst
others) that I, the said Benjamin Templar, my executors or administrators,
by an instrument in writing under my, or their,. or one of their hands and
seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Inven-
tion, and in what manner, the same was to be performed, and cause the same
to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next
and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Benjamin Templar, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement thereof, reference being had to the Drawings hereunto annexed,
that is to say :-
My Invention refers to the means of attaching the stretchers to the ribs,
and ribs and stretchers to the ferrules. It consists in placing a collar or other
like piece of metal on the rib, and fixing it without perforating the rib, and
in forming a bearing on the under part of the collar, to which the outer'
end of the stretcher is fastened by a pin, stud, screw, or otherwise. In
order to connect the rib to the fixed ferrule at the crown of the umbrella or
parasol, I form on or connect to the inner end of the rib a hook, which I hook
over a ring, and confine that ring in the ferrule. In like manner to connect
the stretcher to the sliding ferrule, I form a hook on the inner end, and pass
that over a ring fixed in the ferrule.
-

page_text: .
Figure 1 of the accompanying Drawings is a side elevation, and Figure 2
is a plan of the under side of the fixed ferrule or ring, which I fit or attach to
the crown of an umbrella or parasol; Figure 3 is a section through the
line a, z; and Figure 4 is a section through the line x, y, of Figure 2. 6 is a
ring formed in a piece with or attached to the fixed ferrule c; the ring b
consists of a series of loops or holders c¹, c¹, to which the stretchers are hooked;
eight of these are shewn in the plan view, Figure 2, but this number can be
varied to suit the quantity of ribs used to form the umbrella or parasol..
Figure 5 shews in side elevation; and Figure 6 in plan, part of one of my ribs
for umbrellas. d is a metal piece formed with a hook e at one end and forked
at the other; the rib f is placed between the fork, and held by rivets or pins
9. 9, passing through the fork and rib; the hook e is hooked on to one of the
loops formed in the ring b, as will be hereafter shewn. Figure 7 shews a
different method of attaching the hook e to the rib; a socket is made.in one
end of the metal piece that forms the hook, the end of the rib is placed in
this socket, and there held by a pin or rivet, as shewn. Figure 8 is a view of
a steel rib with the hook formed in a piece with it; and Figure 9 shews a
similar rib, where the hook is formed separately and soldered or otherwise
attached to the rib. Figure 10 is a side elevation, Figure 11 is a plan, and
Figure 12 is an end elevation of one of the collars or fasteners I employ for
attaching the rib to the stretcher without perforating the rib. h, h, are two
flanges or side pieces formed in a piece with a flat or even metal surface i, the
ends of which are pointed downwards to form grippers or holders; the lower
parts of the flanges are connected together by a pin k passing through them;
this pin is passed through an eye formed in the outer end of the stretcher, or
it may be formed in a piece with the stretcher and passed through the two
holes in the flanges, as shewn at Figure 13. The rib is passed between the
flanges h, h, where it is held by the metal surface resting on the rib and the
grippers entering it, as shewn at Figure 14. Figure 15 is a side elevation,
and Figure 16 a plan of the movable ferrule; Figure 17 is a section through
the line t, t, and Figure 18 a similar view through the line s, s, of Figure 16.
7 is the movable ferrule, which carries a ring m similar to that on the fixed
ferrule. Hooks are formed on the ends of the stretchers, as shewn at Figure 14,
which are hooked to the ring m. Fig. 19 is a view in side elevation, of an
umbrella frame composed of the parts before described.
And having now described the nature of my said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, I declare that I claim,--
First, the employment of a collar or other like piece of metal for attaching

page_text: the ribs to the stretchers of umbrellas and parasols without perforating the
ribs, as herein-before described, and illustrated in the accompanying Drawings..
Second, the construction of fixed and movable ferrules for umbrellas and
parasols as herein-before described and illustrated in the accompanying.
Drawings.
; And, third, the means and appliances herein-before described and illustrated
in the accompanying Drawings, by which the ribs and stretchers are attached
to the fixed and movable ferrules.
In witness whereof, I, the said Benjamin Templar, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Twentieth day of July, One thousand eight
hundred and fifty-nine.