Improvements in the Manufacture and Construction of Bottles and other Vessels or Receptacles with Necks or Heads.
Year: 1896

page_text: Date of Application, 6th Mar., 1896
Complete Specification Left, 5th Dec., 1896-Accepted, 13th Feb., 1897
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Manufacture and Construction of Bottles and
other Vessels or Receptacles with Necks or Heads.
AGNES RANKIN MAIN, Applicant Milton, Bowling, Dumbartonshire Scotland,
Music Pupil, JEANIE WILSON MAIN, Applicant Milton, Bowling, Dumbartonshire
Scotland, Pupil Teacher, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
This invention, which relates to the manufacture, and construction of bottles,
and other vessels, or receptacles, with necks or heads, which are used for the
purpose of holding either liquids or solids, has mainly for its object,..
To provide bottles, vessels, or other receptacles, the contents of which cannot be
got at without first breaking off, and thereby destroying, the necks or heads, by
which process, the bottles, vessels, or other receptacles being partly destroyed, are
rendered useless, and cannot again be used for the same purposes.
To provide for the safe-guarding of the interests of all persons, who are
interested in the manufacture or use of articles or goods, either in a liquidized,
solidified, or dry state, and which are put into bottles, vessels, or other receptacles,
having necks or heads.
To provide for the protection of all kinds of manufacturers, traders, merchants,
or other persons useing the bottles, vessels, or other receptacles under our invention,
against the imposition, and fraud, of unscrupulous traders, and other persons, who
make a constant practice of refilling such bottles, vessels, or other receptacles, as
are at present in every day use and commerce, with an inferior, and in many cases
an adulterated article, thus making large profits, at the expense, and out of the
reputation, of popular firms, and manufacturers, by trading fraudulently, under
their special brands, and labals, which are adhibited to the bottles, vessels, or other
receptacles, sent out with their specialties, thereby doing irreparable injury to the
reputation, and causing incalculable loss to the business of all such firms and
manufacturers, besides grossly defrauding the general public, in selling to them,
inferior, or adulterated articles, which are injurious to health, and which the public
in good faith purchase, under the impression of getting the genuine article, as first
sent out.
To provide bottles, or vessels, or other receptacles, having a specially constructed
neck or head, which, when partly broken off, prevents their being again refilled,
and used for the same, or for commercial purposes.
To provide a means or system, whereby all kinds of liquids, and solids, put into
bottles, vessels, or other receptacles, with necks or heads, and used for commercial,
or other purposes, may be purchased by the general public, as originally put up by
the manufacturers, or proprietors, thereby effectually circumventing the fraudulent
practices of unscrupulous iniddlemen and others.
To provide a legitimate and honest method of trafficking, either directly between
the manufacturers or other proprietors and the general public, or indirectly through
their agents merchants or other persons duly authorized to trade in their specialties,
and to sell them to the general public.
To provide a system, whereby manufacturers and proprietors of articles, either
in a liquidized. solidified or dry state put up into bottles, vessels, or other

page_text: receptacles under our invention shall gain and maintain the confidence of the
general public; the public being assured of getting the genuine article, or goods as
originally put up by reputed and popular firms or manufacturers.
To provide bottles, vessels, or other receptacles having bottoms specially arranged
for accessory purposes.
To provide for nullifying or minimizing the handling and manipulation of all
liquids or solids by middlemen agents and merchants.
To provide a means under our invention whereby all liquids or solids may be
supplied either wholesale or retail in large or small quantities direct to the general
public in the same condition in which such goods came at first from the
manufacturer, and to prevent such goods being tampered with by the middlemen.
Our invention therefore chiefly applies to all articles or goods in a liquidized,
solidified or dry state, which can with convenience and profit be put into bottles,
vessels or other receptacles with necks or heads; and that will be sold to the
general public in the condition in which they originally came from the
manufacturers.
Under our invention the bottles, vessels, or other receptacles are preferably
made of glass, but earthenware or pottery material or any other suitable substance,
may be used in their manufacture or construction, and they may be made in any
size or shape, ornamental or otherwise, to suit the requirements of either the
wholesale or retail trades, or the necessities of the general public.
Under our invention the bottom part of the bottles, vessels, or other receptacles
are preferably made hollow from the outside, the hollow part being of convenient
depth, and in which a ring or other projection is made or formed for the purpose
of holding a small thin metallic or other suitable cap, made from any suitable
material; which cap is used for the purpose of covering the rough or broken edge
of the lower portion of the neck, after the upper portion of the neck or head has
been broken off, so as to give the bottles vessels or other receptacles a tidy and
.presentable appearance during the time the contents are being used.
Under our invention the necks or heads of the bottles, vessels or other receptacles
are made any suitable or convenient length, thickness, size or shape, and are
adapted to the purpose for which they are to be used, and are preferably made of
the same material as that of the main body; but any other material may be used
in their manufacture and construction, so long as the principle of our invention is
not departed from.
Under our invention the necks or heads of the respective bottles, vessels, or
other receptacles are preferably made with a V, or other shaped groove on the
outside surface of the neck or head, made either partly or wholly round its circum-
ference. The groove or grooves may however, if found to suit the purpose better be
made on the inside surface of the neck or head, or both outside and inside grooves may
be used either seperatly or combined, for the purpose of making the upper portion
of the neck or head more easily broken off. Perforated holes of any size or shape
may be made in the bottom of the groove or grooves through the material of the
neck or head, either from the outter or inner surfaces, or the body of the neck or
head may be made plain without grooves, and with, or without perforated holes,
the material being only of sufficient thickness, so that the upper portion of the
neck or head may easily be broken off at the part above the cork or stopper-proper,
and yet be made of sufficient strength to resist wear and tear, when being handled
in commerce.
The necks or heads of the bottles, vessels, or other receptacles are so designed
and constructed, that, when the contents are to be used the person operating can,
by a moderately smart knock on the upper portion of the head or neck easily break
it off, leaving as part of the bottles, vessels, or other receptacles the under portion
of the neck or head in which the cork or stopper proper is fixed, and by which the
contents are secured.
The neck or head of the respective bottles, vessels, or other receptacles, has
preferably two corks or stoppers, either both of the same, or of different shapes

page_text: and sizes; the one in the lower portion of the neck or head is called the cork or
stopper proper, and secures the contents, and can, in no case be got at until the
upper portion of the neck or head is broken off. The other cork or stopper in the
upper portion of the neck or head is called the interlocking cork or stopper,
the lower end of which preferably rests on the top of the upper end of the cork or
stopper proper: by this means the cork or stopper proper is held firmly down, and
cannot, in the slightest be forced out of its position through the pressure of gaseous
or other forces from the inside. In many cases however, we may find it convenient
not to adopt the principal of having two corks or stoppers, as liquids or solids, not
of a gaseous nature will have no tendency to spring the cork or stopper proper
from its position, and in that case, the upper or interlocking cork or stopper may
not require to rest on the top of the cork or stopper proper. In the case of the
principal of caps being adopted, instead of having an upper cork or stopper, a
projection from the inside of the cap may be made or formed for the purpose of
passing down the inside of the neck or head through the upper portion and resting
with its lower end on the top end of the cork or stopper proper, thereby holding
securely in position the cork or stopper proper as in the other case.
One or other therefore, or both of two principles may be adopted in making or
constructing the necks or heads of the bottles, vessels, or other receptacles under
our invention, either the principle of caps of convenient size, length, or shape to go
over the top and partly or wholly cover the neck or head, such caps will interlock
with the neck or head by means of small steel or other convenient springs or
contrivences, which will be fitted either into the cap itself or into the neck or head,
by this means when the cap is fixed or interlocked in its position it cannot possibly
be taken off without first breaking off the upper portion of the neck or head. Or
the other principle may be adopted of having interlocking corks or stoppers inside
the upper portion of the neck or head, in this case also the same system of
interlocking may as in the case of the caps be adopted.
The caps, corks or stoppers, may also be made or manufactured of any kind of
material, found most suitable for the purposes of our invention.
Dated this with dor of Manah 1906
Improvements in the Manufacture and Construction of Bottles and
other Vessels or Receptacles with Necks or Heads.
AGNES RANKIN MAIN, Applicant, Milton, Bowling, Dumbartonshire, Scotland,
Music Pupil, JEANIE WILSON MAIN, Applicant, Milton, Bowling, Dumbarton-
shire, Scotland, Pupil Teacher, do hereby declare the nature of this invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement :-
This invention, which relates to the manufacture, and construction of bottles,
and other vessels or receptacles, with necks or heads, which are used for the
purpose of holding either liquids or solids, has mainly for its object,
To provide bottles, vessels, or other receptacles, the contents of which cannot
be got at without first breaking off, and thereby destroying the necks or heads, by
which process, the bottles, vessels, or other receptacles, being partly destroyed,
are rendered useless, and cannot again be used for the same purposes.

page_text: To provide for the safe-guarding of the interests of all persons, who are
interested in the manufacture or use of articles or goods, either in a liquidized,
solidified, or dry state, and which are put into bottles, vessels, or other receptacles,
having necks or heads.
To provide for the protection of all kinds of manufacturers, traders, merchants,
or other persons, using the bottles, vessels, or other receptacles under our invention,
against the imposition, and frand of unscrupulous traders, and other persons, who
make a constant practice of refilling such bottles, vessels, or other receptacles as
are at present in every day use and commerce, with an inferior, and in many cases
ar adulterated article, thus making large profits at the expense, and out of the
reputation, of popular firms, and manufacturers, by trading fraudulently, under their
special brands, and labels, which are adhibited to the bottles, vessels, or other
receptacles, sent out with their specialties, thereby doing irreparable injury to the
reputation, and causing incalculable loss to the business of all such firms and
manufacturers, besides grossly defrauding the general public, in selling to them,
inferior, or adulterated articles, which are injurious to health, and which the public
in good faith purchase, under the impression, of getting the genuine article, as
first sent out.
To provide bottles, or vessels, or other receptacles, having a specially constructed
neck or head, which, when partly broken off, prevents their being again refilled,
and used for the same, or for commercial purposes.
To provide a means or system, whereby all kinds of liquids, and solids, put into
bottles, vessels, or other receptacles, with necks or heads, and used for commercial
or other purposes, may be purchased by the general public, as originally put up
by the manufacturers, or proprietors, thereby effectually circumventing the
fraudulent practices of unscrupulous middlemen, and others.
To provide a legitimate and honest method of trafficking, either directly
between the manufacturers or other proprietors and the general public, or
indirectly through their agents, merchants, or other persons duly authorized to
trade in their specialties, and to sell them to the general public.
To provide a system, whereby manufacturers and proprietors of articles, either
in a liquidized, solidified or dry state put into bottles, vessels, or other receptacles
under our invention shall gain and maintain the confidence of the general public,
the public being assured of getting the genuine article, or goods as originally
put up by reputed and popular firms or manufacturers.
To provide bottles, vessels, or other receptacles having bottoms specially
arranged for accessory purposes.
To provide for nullifying or minimizing the handling and manipulation of all
liquids or solids by middlemen, agents, and merchants.
To provide a means under our invention whereby all liquids or solids may be
supplied, either wholesale or retail in large or small quanties, direct to the general
public in the same condition in which such goods came at first from the
manufacturer, and to prevent such goods being tampered with by the middlemen.
Our invention therefore chiefly applies to all articles or goods in a liquidized,
solidified, or dry state, which can with convenience and profit be put into bottles,
vessels, or other receptacles with necks or heads; and that will be sold to the
general public in the condition in which they originally came from the
manufacturers.
Under cur invention the bottles, vessels, or other receptacles are preferably
made of glass, but earthenware or pottery material or any other suitable substance,
may be used in their manufacture or construction, and they may be made in any
size or shape, ornamental or otherwise, to suit the requirements of either the
wholesale or retail trades, or the necessities of the general public.
Under our invention the bottom part of the bottles, vessels, or other receptacles,
are preferably made hollow from the outside, the hollow part being of convenient
depth, and in which a ring or other projection is made or formed for the purpose
of holding a small thin metallic or other suitable cap, made from any suitable

page_text: material; which cap is used for the purpose of covering the rough or broken elge
of the lower portion of the neck, after the upper portion of the neck or head has
been broken off, so as to give the bottles, vessels, or other receptacles a tidy and
presentable appearance during the time the contents are being used.
Under our invention the necks or heads of the bottles, vessels, or other
receptacles are made any suitable or convenient length, thickness, size or shape,
and are adapted to the purpose for which they are to be used, and are preferably
made of the same material as that of the main body; but any other material inay
be used in their manufacture and construction, so long as the principle of our
invention is not departed from.
Under our invention the necks or heads of the respective bottles, vessels, or
other receptacles are preferably made with a V or other shaped groove on either the
outside or inside surfaces of the neck or head, made either partly or wholly round
its surface. The groove may however, if found to suit the purpose better be made
either on the inside or outside surface of the neck or head, or both outside and
inside grooves may he used either separately or combined, for the purpose of
making the upper portion of the neck or bead more easily broken off. Perforated
holes of any size or shape inay be made in the grooves either partly or wholly
through the material of the neck or head, either from the outer or inner surfaces,
or the body of the neck or head may be made plain without grooves, and with, or
without perforated boles, the material being only of sufficient thickness, so that
the upper portion of the neck or head may be easily broken off at the part above
the cork or stopper proper, and yet be made of sufficient strength to resist wear
and tear, when being handled in commerce.
The necks or heads of the bottles, vessels, or other receptacles either plain or
ornamental are so designed and constructed, that, when the contents are to be used
the person operating can, by a moderately smart knock on the upper portion of
the head or neck easily break it off, leaving as part of the bottle, vessel, or other
receptacles the under portion of the neck or head in which the cork or stopper
proper is fixed, and by which the contents are secured.
The neck or head of the respective bottles, vessels, or other receptacles plain or
ornamental has preferably two corks or stoppers, either both of the same, or of
different shapes, material, and sizes; the one in the lower portion of the neck or
head is called the cork or stopper proper, and secures the contents, and can, in no
case be got at until the upper portion of the neck or head is broken off. The
other cork or stopper in the upper portion of the neck or head is called the inter-
locking cork or stopper, the lower end of which preferably rests on the top of the
upper end of the cork or stopper proper; by this means the under cork or stopper
proper is held firmly down, aud cannot, in the slightest be forced out of its position
through the presure of gaseous or other forces from the inside. In many cases
however, we may find it convenient not to adopt the principle of having two corks,..
or stoppers, as líquids or solids, not of a gaseous nature, will have no tendency to
spring the cork or stopper proper from its position, and in that case, the upper or
interlocking cork or stopper may not require to rest on the top of the under cork
or stopper proper, but both corks or stoppers may be combined in one.
In the case of the principle of caps being adopted, instead of having an upper
cork or stopper, a projection from the inside of the cap may be made or formed for
the purpose of passing down the inside of the neck or head through the upper
portion and resting with its lower end on the top end of the cork or stopper proper,
ihereby holding securely in position the cork or stopper proper as in the
other case.
One or other therefore or both of two principles may be adopted in making or
constructing the necks or heads of the bottles, vessels, or other receptacles under-
our invention, either the principle of caps of convenient size, length, or shape to go.
over the top and partly or wholly cover the neck or head, such caps will interlock
with the neck or head by means of small steel or other convenient springs, rubber
rings, or other suitable contrivances, which will be fitted, either into the caps or

page_text: into the neck or head. By this means when the cap is fixed or interlocked in its
position, it cannot possibly be taken off, without first breaking off the upper
portion of the neck or head.
Or the other principle may he adopted of having interlocking corks or stoppers
inside the upper portion of the neck or head. In this case also the same system of
interlocking may in detail be adopted, as in the case of the caps.
The caps, corks or stoppers, may also be made or manufactured of any kind of
material, found most suitable for the purposes of our invention.
The accompanying drawings illustrate the principles of our invention. We do
not however bind ourselves to any particular style or method of manufacture in the
production of the bottles, vessels, or other receptacles un ler our invention, as we
may find it necessary in the actual working of the invention to adopt certain.
modifications which are not illustrated by the accompanying drawings, so long as
the principles of our invention is maintained.
Fig. 1. shows the hollow part on the outside of the bottom of the bottles, vessels
or other receptacles. The projection A is designed to hold the ring cap when not
in use. Said ring cap is used for the purpose of covering the rough edges at the
broken off part of the neck or head. The projection A may be made any shape,
so as to conform to the shape of the ring cap to be used.
Fig. 2. shows a section of a plain neck or head which illustrates one method of
construction under our invention, in the principle of inside interlocking top
stoppers, and of under cork or stopper proper.
A is the upper portion of the neck or head, which may be made any suitable size,
th, width, or shape.
groove designed to receive a rubber or other suitable ring, which is
spg the groove B shown on Fig. 4. By this device Fig. 4, which is the
top interiocking stopper, and which is preferably made of glass or other hard
substa e, when pressed into its position A Figs. 2 and 3, the rubber or other
suitable-ing enters the groove B inside the neck or head, fixing or locking said
stopper in its position, so that it cannot be tampered with or taken out of the neck
or head until the operation of breaking off the upper portion of the neck or head
has been performed. Instead of having a rubber or other suitable ring for inter-
locking purposes as aforesaid, a steel or other convenient spring, or other cheap or
handy contrivance may be adopted, so as to accomplish the same results, but in
the latter case it may not be necessary to make grooves B as shown on Figs. 2, 3
and 4. A small nitch may be formed sufficient for this purpose, the object being
to securely fix or lock the top or interlocking stopper Fig. 4 into its position A
Figs. 2 and 3, so that it can in no case be taken out until the upper portion of the
neck or head is broken off.
C is the part which may either have a groove round the outside circumference
of the neck or head, as shown, or if found to suit the purposes of our invention
better a groove may be made in the inside of the neck or head, or both outside and
inside grooves may be made at any suitable distance from the top of the neck or
head, and they may or may not have perforated holes made in them, either entirely
through, or only partly through the material of the neck or head.
. Instead of having a groove or grooves, as aforesaid, we may find it to suit the
purposes of our invention to have only a plain neck or head without grooves, and
with or without perforated holes, the material of the neck or head at the breaking
off part being only of sufficient thickness so that the upper portion of the neck or
head may be easily broken off, and may at the same time be made sufficiently
strong so that the upper portion of the neck or head may not be broken off when
being handled in commerce.
D' is the under cork or stopper proper. This stopper may be made of cork, glass,
or any suitable substance or material, so that the contents of the bottles, vessels, or
other receptacles may be safely corked and secured. This under cork or stopper
proper can in no case be got at or taken out, until the upper portion of the neck
or head is broken off.

page_text: Fig. 3. shows the same principle as Fig. 2, but is slightly different in the style
of construction. The description and details under A, B, C and D.Fig. 2 applies
to A, B, C and D of Fig. 3.
Fig. 4. shows one method of making the top or interlocking stopper. This
stopper can be made reversible i.e. either end can be placed uppermost, and it cannot
be removed when once locked into its position until the portion of the neck or
head is broken off.
This stopper is fixed or locked into its position in the same manner, and by the
same or any other of the devices described and indicated under section B Fig. 2.
A is the top interlocking stopper, which is preferably made of glass or other
hard substance to prevent it being tampered with.
B is the groove to receive the rubber or other suitable ring, for the purpose of
fixing or locking the stopper into the groove B Fig. 2.
Fig. 5 shows a section of a capped neck or head, which illustrates one methol
of construction under our invention in the principle of outside interlocking caps,
and of under cork or stopper proper.
A is the cap, which may be made any convenient size, shape, width, or depth,
and may be made of glass or any kind of material, or substance foun1 inost
suitable for the purposes of our invention.
These caps have a groove or nitch on their inside surface, a reverse groove or
nitch being formed on the outside surface of the neck or head, over which the
caps slip, said grooves or nitches being used, and the same devices applied for
interlocking purposes as are described and indicated under section B Fig. 2.
When said cap has been slipped over the top of the neck or head, and is fixed
or locked into its position, as aforesaid, it cannot be taken off until the upper
portion of the neck or head is broken off.
B is the inside projection. In many cases however we may find that other
forms of caps, or caps without projections may be equally as suitable for the
purposes of our invention.
is the breaking off part, which may be formed on any part of the neck or
head, either under the caps or on the exposed part, the same breaking off arrange-
ments being adopted in this case as are mentioned, and indicated under section C
Fig. 2.
D is the under cork or stopper proper, which in detail, construction, and
arrangement, is the same as described and indicated under section D Fig. 2.
Fig. 6 shows another style of top or interlocking stopper, which in detail
construction, fixing, and locking arrangements, is the same as described and
indicated under A and B Fig. 4, the only difference being that Fig. 6 is not
reversible. These top or interlocking stoppers may be made in a great variety of
shapes, sizes, and designs so long as the principle is carried out, of making them to
interlock in the manner, and for the purposes described and indicated in section B
Fig. 2.
A is the stopper which is preferably made of glass or other hard substance, but
kind of material may be used in its construction, which is found suitable for
the purposes of our invention.
any
B is the groove, which may be made as shown, or in any other form, shape or
size, and may be made at any convenient part on the body of the stopper, or only
a small nitch may be formed as described and indicated under section B Fig. 2.
The object being as therein indicated to securely fix and lock the stopper into its
position.
C is a bottom projection which may be made any length or shape, for the purpose
of resting or pressing on the top of the under cork or stopper proper, so as to hold.
the under cork firmly down in its position.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, we would here remark that
it will be evident that the details of manufacture and construction may be modified

page_text: considerably without departing from the nature or principle of our invention, and
we therefore do not limit ourselves to the absolute details shown, but what we
desire to claim is,
1. Bottles, vessels, or other receptacles having necks or heads, or both combined,
a portion of which neck or head must be broken off before the contents can be got
at, substantially as herein described, and for the purposes set forth.
2. Bottles, vessels, or other receptacles having a groove or grooves, formed
either on the outside or inside surfaces of the neck or head, and in which
perforated holes may, or may not be made for the purpose of making a portion of
the neck or head more easily broken off, substantially as herein described, and for
the purposes set forth.
3. Bottles, vessels, or other receptacles made of any size or shape, with the
same breaking off arrangements as mentioned in Claims 1 and 2, or with a thin
part on the neck or bead through, or partly through which perforated holes may,
or may not be made for the purpose of making a portion of the neck or head
more easily broken off, substantially as herein described, and for the purposes
set forth.
4. Bottles, vessels, or other receptacles of any size or shape, having an inside
interlocking upper stopper made of glass, or any other suitable material, which
stopper interlocks into the neck or head by means of a rubber ring, steel, or other
conveniant spring, or other cheap and handy contrivance. Having also an under
cork or so called_the_cork or stopper proper made of any kind of suitable
material, anu he can be you
ially
as herein described, and for the purposes set forth.
5. Bottles, vessels, or other receptacles of any size or shape, having necks or
heads, and having an inside under cork or stopper proper, made of any kind of
suitable material for securing the contents, also an outside interlocking cap which
may either partly or wholly cover the neck or bead, and which interlocks with the
neck or head by the same means as mentioned in Claim 4, substantially as herein
described, and for the purposes set forth.
6. Bottles, vessels, or other receptacles having a projection in the hollow part
of the bottom of the bottle for the purpose of holding a small covering cap, when
not in use, said cap being used for the purposes of covering the rough or broken
edge at the broken off portion of the neck or head, all as herein described, and for
the purposes set forth.
7. A new, unique, and novel method of making bottles, vessels, or other
receptacles, all substantially as herein described, and for the purposes set forth.
Dated this 4th day of December 1896.
AGNES RANKIN MAIN.
JEANIE WILSON MAIN.