IMPROVEMENT IN ELECTRIC LAMPS."
Year: 1880

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Henry Guest, of Brooklyn, in the State of New
York, United States of America, Electrician, for an Invention of "IMPROVEMENT
IN ELECTRIC LAMPS."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Henry Guest at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 2nd March 1880.
JOHN HENRY GUEST, of Brooklyn, in the State of New York, United States of
America, Electrician. "IMPROVEMENT IN ELECTRIC LAMPS."
Difficulty has been experienced in making electric lamps in which the conducting
wires pass through glass to the carbon or other incandescent conductor within a
globe from which the air is exhausted, in consequence of the variations in
temperature causing injury to the glass by expansion of the conducting wires."
My Invention is for sealing the glass at the places where the conductors pass
through the same.
I make use of two or more fine wires twisted together and passing through the
glass; the glass is melted so as to flow in between the wires, and thus prevent the
passage of air, and the wires being in a twisted form, instead of straight as
heretofore, yield as they expand, and hence the glass is not cracked, and two or
more small wires can be used, having sufficient combined conducting power not to
become heated by the passing current.
I also make cups for mercury around the conductors, where they pass to the
glass, such cups being also of glass, and placed so that the mercury forms a
complete seal around the conductors, and prevents the possibility of air coming
into contact with the joint between the glass and metal.
These cups are of a shape adapted to suit the other parts of the lamp, and they
may be either close together or more or less distant. The conducting wires are
preferably of platina, but other metals, such as platina and iron may be used.
The light giving body that is rendered incandescent by the passage of electricity
may be of carbon or other suitable material in the circuit between the two
conductors. The glass bulb or globe is to be exhausted of air in any-usual
manner.
It sometimes is important to introduce a carbon in place of one that may be
injured or consumed. To provide for this I make a reservoir of carbons at one side
of the globe or bulb, and the same is of glass and hermetically sealed, but there is
an opening between the reservoir and the carbon holder of a size to allow for one
carbon at a time being shaken out of the reservoir into loops or carbon holders
within the globe to which the conductors are attached.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said John Henry Guest in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 1st
September 1880.
JOHN HENRY GUEST, of Brooklyn, in the State of New York, United States of
America, Electrician. "IMPROVEMENT IN ELECTRIC LAMPS."
Difficulty has been experienced in making electric lamps in which the conducting
wires pass through glass to the carbon or other incandescent conductor within a
globe from which the air is exhausted in consequence of the variation in temperature
causing injury to the glass by expansion of the conducting wires.
My Invention is for sealing the glass at the places where the conductors pass
through the same. I make use of two or more fine wires twisted together and
passing through the glass; the glass is melted so as to flow in between the wires,
and thus prevent the passage of air, and the wires being in a twisted form, instead
of straight as heretofore, yield as they expand, and hence the glass is not cracked,
and two or more small wires can be used, having sufficient combined conducting
power not to become heated by the passing current.
I also make cups for mercury around the conductors where they pass to the
glass, such cups being also of glass, and placed so that the mercury forms a
complete seal around the conductors, and prevents the possibility of air coming into
contact with the joint between the glass and metal.
These cups are of a shape adapted to suit the other parts of the lamp, and they
may be either close together or more or less distant. The conducting wires are
preferably of platinum, but other metals, such as platinum and iron may be used.
The light giving body that is rendered incandescent by the passage of electricity
may be of carbon or other suitable material in the circuit between the two
conductors.
The glass bulb or globe is to be exhausted of air in any usual manner.
It sometimes is important to introduce a carbon in place of one that may be
injured or consumed.
To provide for this I make a reservoir of carbons at one side of the globe or
bulb, and the same is of glass and hermetically sealed, but there is an opening
between the reservoir and the carbon holder of a size to allow for one carbon at a
time being shaken out of the reservoir into loops or carbon holders within the globe
to which the conductors are attached.
In the Drawing,
Fig. 1 is a section of the lamp with the magazine for carbon, and
Fig. 2 is a similar section without such magazine.
The glass bulb or holder a contains the carbon h, and the two conductors f and g
pass through the glass, and are attached to the carbon or other light giving body
that is rendered incandescent by the passage of the electric current.
The cups b and c surround the conductors where they pass through the glass,
and the mercury at d and e forms a seal to prevent the possibility of air leaking
into the vacuum bulb.
These cups are preferably closed around the conductors after the mercury is
introduced. The tube that is employed when the air is being exhausted is closed
and hermetically sealed or melted off when it is removed.
In Fig. 1 the glass magazine i is shown at the side of the globe or bulb a with
a small opening at o from the magazine into the bulb, so that one carbon may be
shaken from time to time out of the magazine into the loops in the conductors, or
any other suitable carbon holders may be provided in place of the loops.
The conducting wires fand g are formed of two or more wires twisted together
and passing through the glass as aforesaid,

page_text: In Fig. 3 the fine wires pass through the glass straight, and are afterwards
twisted or bunched together where they are united to the incandescent conductor,
and also within or near the mercury seal.
In either of the forms shown the liability to crack the glass or to become leaky
where the wire passes through the glass is avoided.
4
Having now described the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner
the same is to be performed, I declare that I claim as my Invention,―
First. In an electric lamp, two or more fine wires, such as f and g, passing
through the glass and grouped together to form each of the conductors leading to
the incandescent light giving body, for the purposes and substantially as set forth.
Second. In an electric lamp having a vacuum bulb containing an incandescent
conductor, a mercurial seal applied around each conductor, and within a closed cup
or holder upon the glass, substantially as set forth.
Third. In combination with the vacuum bulb and the metallic conductors
thereof, a carbon holder of glass at one side of the bulb, and an opening from the
same into the bulb, substantially as set forth.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Henry Guest, have hereunto set my
hand and seal this 29th day of June. A.D. 1880.
Witnesses,
JOHN HENRY GUEST. (LS.)
CHAS. H. SMITH, 140, Nassau St., New York.
GEO. T. PINCKNEY,
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