Improvements in Electric Meters.
Year: 1890

page_text: Date of Application, 5th Aug., 1890
Complete Specification Left, 24th Mar., 1891-Accepted, 1st, Aug., 1891
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Electric Meters.
RENÉ HEURTEY Engineer.98 Rue d'Orssas, Paris, France, EUGENE MEYLAN
Engineer 31 Rue de Poissy, Paris France and WENCESLAS CAMILLE RECHNIEUSKI
Engineer 31 Rue de Poissy, Paris, France do hereby declare the nature of this
invention to be as follows:-
+37
The present invention has for its object a,new, meter for electricity, to serve as a
Coulomb meter or a:Watt meter, working as well. with. alternating, as,with-con-
tinuous currents.
Our apparatus is constituted of the following, arrangement, of parts.
1. An electric or other motor, of constant speed, imparting to a principal axis,
by means of gear-wheels, a continuous and amiform rotatory motion, and developping
at the same time the power necessary for the working of the meter.
2. An ampere meter or Watt meter, constituted of an electric, balance of which
the moveable part come into mechanical contact, with a stop, with..a-pressure
proportional to the quantity to be measured.
3. An elastic-cam" mounted on the principal, axis, worked by the motor, and
producing at each revolution a pressure upon the end of the balance, lever, in, the
view of putting back the balance into equilibrium, without the intervention of the
fixed-stop.
At this precise moment, the weighing or automatic reading is done, the cam raise
up to the lever, escapes, and regain its normal position, continuing at the, same time
to be actuated by the principal axis.
4. A registering apparatus and totaliser.
By-what has been said, it will be observed that in order to constitute a meter,
it suffices to put into relation by coupling devices, during the periods of weighing,
the axis of the first wheel of the totalisator. with the principal axis; by this means,
the totasator will registrate and summate the periodical, weighings. The last part
of our meter consequently is.
5. A clutch or coupling device, which is capable of being arranged in a
variety of dispositions, of which we give a description of the two.,most important
ones.
In the annexed drawings, we represent a complete meter as indicated above, as
well as the details of the most important parts and their electrical connexions.
Fig. 1 elevation of meter.
Fig. 2 plan.
Fig 3 end view. -
Fig. 4 view of motor with its regulator and the electrical.connexions.
Figs. and 6 indicates the details of a mechanical coupling devices, and its
relations with the elastic-cam" and the totalisator."
Pisuonit
double totalisau for lance meters with: double registering
Fig: 3 end view. -
Fig. 4 view of motor with its regulator and the electrical.connexions.
Figs. 5 and 6 indicates the details of a mechanical coupling devices, and its
relations with the elastic-cam" and the totalisator."
Fig. 7 disposition of louble totulizer for large motors with: double, registering
apparatus.
Fig. 8 switch for large meters with double registering apparatus.
In Fig. 1, 2 and 3, M. indicates the electric motor of constant speed, which.,by
means of an endless screw V, and of the wheels ₁, ", ", " and ", communicates
to the principal-axis A an uniform rotatory motion.
At one of the ends of A. is mounted, between points or otherwise, the elastic-
cam," which consists of the axis A₁, of the disk. D carrying the cam, ₁, and
of the spiral spring R; this later is fixed on one side to the axis, A. and on the
other side to the finger y, fastened to the axis A, but regulatable in an angular
position.

page_text: The disk D is carried on in the rotatory movement of A, so long as the cam ri
does not meet with the piece of the beam F of the electric balance, what
necessarily takes place at every turn.
This balance G is disposed in order that the moveable part presses against a stop,
which in this case is the fixed coil G₁, with a force proportional to the quantity to
be mesured, I or E I, as the case may be.
It is supposed here, that we refer particularly to a Watt meter or electro
dynamic balance, constituted of two fixed flat coils G, and G, disposed electrically
so as to add their actions upon the moveable flatt coil G3 which is mounted on the
beam F; this one is pivoted in the middle part and is counterweighted by the
weights P and p.
The spring R twists itself until it developes a force sufficient to raies the beam F;
at this moment, the cam r₁ and the piece escapes, the spring distends and the
disk D regains its natural position on the axis A, viz.: corresponding to no
torsion.
In order to prevent any irregular motion of the disk D, in the case of great
torsion, we place a friction brake not shown here, to secure a dead beat motion of D.
The spring R is a such one that its torsional force is always proportional to the
angular displacement; the duration of the weighing, ei, the time that elapse
between the stroke of the lever F by the cam 7, and its elevation; or otherwise the
total torsion of the spring is absolutely proportional to the initial pressure of the
balance on its stop, or to the quantity to be measured.
It is consequently necessary to put in motion the totalisator, during the periods
of weighing, viz. to let the totaliser participate to the motion of the principal axis
during these periods.
To this end, we employ for example an electro magnetic dispositive similar to
those existing in certain electric chronographs.
An electro magnet m is mounted on the axis A; its armature a retained by a
spring is affixed on the axis a₁ which by the pinion p strikes the first wheel of the
totaliser T. This axis a, can be moved backwards and forwards longitudinally.
The exciting current of the electro-magnet m being controled by the spring-cam
so as to excite the same during the proces of each pressure, as will be seen, the
totaliser therefore gives the quantities I or EI measured at equal intervals of
time, and summates these, as it is the case with all meters periodicaly and inter-
mittenty.
In the apparatus here represented, the coupling is assured as follows during the
periods of weighing. A single derivated current is used for exciting the motor, the
balance and the magnetic coupling, in series.
The derivated current passes first through a regulatable rheostat R₁, then to the
coil of fine wire G, (3, 4) of the Watt meter, from which it passes normally into
the arinature of the motor by the isolated support G carrying the brushes and the
conical pendulum serving as regulator.
One of these brushes, + is connected electrically to this column, while the
other is isolated (see Fig. 4).
From the armature, the current passes into the coil of the electro-magnet of
the motor, and from there, during the intervals of the weighings, to the terminal B
by the wire 8, 9, the screw v, the circular armature a, the body, the spring y, and
the spring Yo
At the moment where a weighing commences, or where the tension of the spring R
causes to equilibrate the excess of the counter weights p and P, and where, conse-
quently that tension begins to act against the electrodynamical pressure, the
extremity of the finger y elevated the upper spring y, and thus cuts off the short
circuit of the coil m.
The derivated current then passes entirely into the coil R., the armature a is
attracted and the setting in gear commences, finishing when the weighing is ended
and the spring raises the beain F.
At that moment, the two isolated contact a and ẞ, one of which is fixed and the

page_text: other acts in connection with the beam, and which contacts are respectively
connected to y₁ and y, are going to touch themselves and consequently short
circuit again the coil R,; the armature is brought back by the spring and the in
gearing ceases; but as the contact of a and 3 lasts no more than an instant and
ceases when the cam πι releases the part and escapes, the short circuit is
maintained by the contact of the non isolated armature a against the isolated
screw v.
By this means, there are two different short circuits, one (wire 9, 10, screw v, a,
body, Y Y 11) which ceases momentarily in 74 Y, at the commencement of the
weighing, then automatically and continuously in v, a by the attraction of a; the
other in a, ẞ, having for its object the reestablishment of this short circuit, by
causing the return of the armature a.
veant and suitable for large maters
The motor we use is, as represented in Fig. 4, a ring Gramme motor coiled in series
and connected in series with a resistance X; the derivated current first passes
trough a regulatable rheostat Rr, then by the electro-magnet coil I in the armature i
and finally by the resistance X.
One of the brush ẞ+ communicates with the body of the isolated column C and
subsequently with the ball B of a conic pendulum regulator, while the brush ẞ- is
isolated.
The groove of the regulator is isolated from the body of the motor and is con-
nected by the screw e to one of the collector's segment; it has at its extremity a
contact c thus connected electricaly to one of the collector's segment; finally
the body of the motor is connected at the extremity of X, as indicated by the
wire f
If the speed of the motor raises above a definite limit, the ball B leaves the axis
and encountering the contact e thus causing a diminution of the torque of the motor,
the current instead of passing entirely into the armature is derived from the same
partly by the column C; the ball B, the contact c and the segment which is in
contact with the later.
When this segment is under the brush -, the entire current is derivated from
the armature; on the contrary, when this segment is under .ẞ+, the effect of
the contact c B is nul.
The motor being constructed properly for a given normal current, this disposition
insures a practicaly constant speed.
The resistance X connected as indicated, viz. in parallel with the circuit formed
by the column C, the ball B, the contact or the body of the motor, and the wire f
has the effect of preventing speed lowering beyond its normal value and specialy to
obtain a perfect starting of the motor.
In state of repose, and for all speeds below the normal value determined by the
dimensions of the regulator, the ball B touches the contact which shunts the
resistance X by establishing the circuit f, body, c¹, B, C, B+, armature, ẞ—,
indicator I and R₁.
The derivated current then has a higher value than the normal and the motor
tends to accelerate.
The indicated connexions are in principle the same as these of Fig. 2, in
reference to the motor, but in Fig. 2, it is the coil itself of the Watt meter, (3, 4)
which acts the part of the resistance X. This coil is short circuited when the ball
of the regulator presses on contact a or the body of the motor, distinct of the body
of the apparatus, by the fact that the first wheel r, of the gear-whels is isolated
from its axis.
The current then passes from the ball to the isolated support C to the brush ẞ3+
by the armature to the brush ẞ- and to the inductor. Besides, the regulatable
rheostat R₁ is placed here before the motor.

page_text: which case, we prefer to use a simpler system which we describe and in which all
coupling operations are effected by purely mechanical means.
MECHANICAL COUPLING DEVICES.
All electric contacts can be suppressed and the starting-in and putting-out of
totalisator effected by purely mechanical parts.
The system consists in principle to communicates the movement of the principal
axis to the first wheel of the totaliser during the weighings by intervention of a
friction clutch which consists here in a ratchet wheel mounted with smooth friction
on the principal axis and controlled by two ratchets. The first of these ratchets
sets free.the ratchet wheel at the commencement of the weighing and stops it at the
end-of the revolution.
The second ratchet is at a distance from the wheel at the begining of the
weighing and drops in at the end of the weighings; it is again put out at the end
of the revolution, after the first has dropped in. The totalizator T is thus connected
in a continuous manner to the principal axis A. by a friction gear but only enters
into the general motion during the periods of the weighings, considering that the
two ratchets stop the movement of the friction clutch during the intervals of thic
weighings..
The totaliser is connected to the axis A by the intervention of the wheel »,
which acts along with the ratchet wheel r, which is itself mounted with smooth
friction on the extremity of, the axis A. The required pressure is obtained by a
brass bush, which being split, gives a spring on the axis A, or else by a pressure
effected on its two faces by the intervention of bent washars or collars.
The ratchet wheel has two ratchet and 71; the first of which is always in
contact before the beginning of the weighings and is released at the moment that
the same begins; the other ratchet which is not in normal contact, is brought to
bear at the precise moment the weighings ends.
To this effect the first ratchet acting along with the axis and the lever lis
governed by the cam c of which the profile and the angular position on A are such
as to put the ratchet out of contact at the instant the weighings begins, by means
of pressure of the springs and is again put into contact at the end of the turn.
On the contrary, the ratchet, and its prolongation act along with the axis
and the lever which is maintened in place against the action of the spring siby
a tooth of the lever 3.
When the weighing finishes, part 7, of the "spring-cam" escapes from the part
corresponding to the beam F; at that moment, under the action of a previous
tension and the action corresponding to the electrodynamical force itself, the
disk D which is fitted on its circumference with projecting teeth effects the elevation
of the lever the lever le escapes, and the ratchet ₁ is immediately put into
contact under the action of spring ci
At the end of the revolution a second cam c fixed also on the axis A by pressing
on the lever fixed on effects the replacing of the ratchet g₁ and the lever l
again stretching the spring ci
This last operation is naturally only effected after the first ratchet y has been
replaced in contact by the cam'c so that the ratchet wheel is only free at the
moment of the following weighing.

page_text: This disposition has besides the advantage of assuring a rapid stoppage of the
disk D or of suppressing the oscillations, which permit considerable twisting of the
spring R, since after disconnexion, the teeth must pass under the lever l, by elevating
each time the spring s
The regulating of the apparatus is simply effectued by making sure that the
ratchet is set at liberty and the ratchet is returned simultaneously when the
electro-dynamic pressure is nul; this regulation is operated simultaneously by
the fixing of the cam c and the adjustement of the weight P.
The electrical connexions in this case are as per Fig. 4 where the resistance X
and Rcan represent the coil of fine wire of the Watt meter and a regulatiable:
rheostat.
The standardising of all our apparatuses is so made that the first dial-plate of the
totaliser gives at once the watts or multiples of watts by first adjusting the
rheostat, then by varying slightly the normal speed of the regulator then increasing
the weight of the ball by adding small grains, as is frequently done in other cases.
The above descriptions are suitable for meters about 150 lamps or less; but as
in all meters, it is not possible to obtain an indefinite range, the scale being limited.
In the event of its being required to register all quantities between unit and a
much higher limit, 500 lamps for instance, we employ the multiple system as here-
after described.
What limits the extension of measuring in our system is:
1° The slight error always effecting the nul weighing.
20 The fact that a certain limited pressure is required to register the smallest
given quantity; if consequently we require to register a thousand times more, it is
necessary that the motor should develope at that moment a force one thousand times
greater, which would lead to impratical dimensions.
To obviate this inconvenience and to reduce the large meters somewhat to the
dimensions of the smaller ones, it siffices to combine two galvano metric apparatuses.
viz. two Watt meters, and two "clastic-cams" or "spring-cams" mounted on two
axis controlled by the same motor.
One of these Watt meters is of high sensibility and its cam is furnished with a
spring relatively weak; the other Watt meter on the contrary has a much lower
sensibility.
If we suppose that the sensibility of the first is twenty times greater than that of
the second, the resistance of the large coils of thick wire being in the same propor-
tion; and further supposing, firstly, that the two axis are connected to independant
totalisers.
The two coils of fine wire are then excited by a single derivation, which feeds the
motor and by means of a special disposition, later described, firstly is only included
in the principal circuit, the thick wire of the first galvanometer, the coil of the
second coupling in quantity for a given value of current.
The first galvanometer being alone, in the circuit marks alone in the example
given until twenty of the first lamps are lighted, causing a very heavy weighing on:
the totaliser of which the unit is
very weak.
On the twenty-first lamp being lighted, the two coils of the thick wire will be in
derivation; the first totaliser continues to register the consumption corresponding
to one lamp and the second register corresponding to twenty lamps.
By this means is possible to register up to the corresponding current of 400 lamps;
it suffices to take the indications of the two totalizers.
In order to obviate the inconvenience of having to make two readings each time,
we join the two principal axes to the same totaliser so disposed that the readings
are added together. To effect this, it suffices to make to correspond the first axis
with the dial-plate of the units by means of its magnetic coupler and the second with
the tenths.
Having regard to the following conditions.
1. The first coupler once in action must put in motion all the loose parts, of the
totalisator to begin with the first.

page_text: 2. The two coupler being set into action, at the same time, the corresponding
rotations should be able to add their relative values without the movement of the
second movable part of the totalisator in any way interfering with that of
the first.
For this purpose, we employ the following arrangement.
The large galvanometer (Fig. 7) acts by its electro magnetic coupler on the
axis a₁ of the totaliser which is connected itself to the upper moveable parts, in the
ordinary manner.
The small galvanometer acts on the same manner on the axis a, which is connected
to the wheel R, by a spring sufficiently stiff to enable it to overcome,
without
twisting, the friction of the totalisator.
"'
The wheel R, is fitted to the wheel R₁ by means of two cog-wheels R', R" loose
on their axis and coupled by a ratchet and a ratchet wheel so as that the wheel R"
revolving in the required way governs the wheel R', but not inversely.
Finally an electro-magnet E mounted in series with the magnetic coupler corre-
sponding to the axis a, commands by its armature a ratchett, which stops the
wheel R when the electro-magnet is excited.
If then, the first galvanometer is alone in circuit, the wheel R, commands the
entire series of loose parts in the usual manner.
On the contrary, when the two axis a₁ and a₂ are in action at the same time, the
axis a commands the upper moveable parts; the wheel R, cannot turn the fixed
wheel R by the electro-magnet E, the spring stiffens in consequence of an are
corresponding to the reading effectued on the small galvanometer.
At the moment that the axis a become free, the ratchet is dropped out of gear;
the spring distends and all the loose parts advance in a corresponding quantity to
the reading.
As the axis a, could be free before the axis a₁, it is necessary that the command
of the axis a, be effected by a non reversible transmission, or with an endless screw.
Fig. 8 represents one of the dispositions we propose to put successively in parallel
the two coils of thick wire of our galvanometers.
The total current passes continually the electro magnet E'; from there, the
circuit bifurcates and passes trough G in the small galvanometer and by D in the
large onc.
So long as the current does not attain a certain value, the electro-magnet E'
does not attract its armature, nor put in action the relais L; the current passing
by G only.
On the contrary, when the armature is attracted the electro-magnet m disposed
in derivation is excited it attracts in consequence its armature P which closes in K
the circuit of D. By means of its counterweight X, the lever Z protects that
position notwithstanding that the isolated pieces has interrupted the circuit of the
electro magnet M.
At that moment the current divides itself between the two galvanometers and the
same would be the case until it has taken its initial value.
The electro-magnet then abandons its armature, which by means of the
relais L closes the circuit of the electro-magnet n, conjugated to the electro magnet m,
which causes the lever Z to oscillate.
Here again the isolated parts breaks the circuit at the end of its course; the
small galvanometer is then alone in action.
For alternates currents it suffices to divides as much as possible the iron parts of
the motor, or to replace them by one of the forms of alternating-currents motors
very well known, applying the same principle of regulator.
Without in any way limiting ourselves to the details of execution which may
vary according to circumstances, we obtain as our invention:
1. In an electric-meter the combination of a motor of constant speed with a
Coulomb meter or a Watt meter constitued of an electric balance, an "elastic-
cam," a totalizator and a coupling device so as to effect automatically at each
revolution a weighing or reading proportional to the quantity to be measured.

page_text: 2. In an electric meter, the use of a motor working in general with a constant
derivated current, provided with a regulator, intented to proportionate the torque
to the resisting effort, and based upon the short circuiting or shuntage of the whole
or part of the motor and of an auxiliary resistance, by the means of a centrifugal
pendulum as described; this motor furnishing the wanted power for our system of
automatical readings.
"clastic cam
22 mounted on a
3. In an electric meter the combination of our
revolving axis of constant speed, with an electric balance.
4. The combination of our system of meter characterized by the mode of weighing
and automatical reading of an electrical balance by means of our “elastic cam
revolving with an axis of constant speed, with our magnetic coupling device,
as described.
5. The combination of our system of meter characterized as above, with our
mechanical coupling device, as described.
6. In an electric meter, the combination of our "clastic cam "with a friction
coupling device controlled by this cam, in view of making automatical readings of
an electrical balance and their summation.
7. In our system of electric meter the combination of two galvanometers of
which the fixed circuits run through by the principal current are placed successively
in quantity.
8. In an electric meter, the disposition described and represented of the double
action totalisator permitting of its being simultaneously or successively commanded
by means of two motive axis.
The whole as described in our Specification and represented by the annexed
drawings.
Dated this 4th day of Aroust 1800
R. HEURTEY.
EUG. MEYLAN.
W. CAM. RECHNIEUSKI.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Electric Meters.
RENE HEURTEY, Engineer, 98 Rue d'Orssas Paris, France, EUGENE MEYLAN
Engineer 31 Rue de Poissy Paris France, and WENCESLAS CAMILLE RECHNIEUSKI
Engineer, 31 Rue de Poissy, Paris, France do hereby declare the nature of this
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
The present invention has for its object a new meter for electricity to serve as a
Coulomb meter, or a Watt meter, working as well with alternating as with
continuous currents.
Our apparatus is constituted of the following arrangement of parts.
1. An electric or other motor of constant speed, imparting to a principal axis, by
means of gear-wheels, a continuous and uniform rotatory motion and developing at
the same time the power necessary for the working of the meter.
2. An ampere-meter or Watt meter, constituted of an electric balance of which
the moveable part come into mechanical contact with a stop, with a pressure
proportional to the quantity to be measured.
3. An elastic-cam" mounted on the principal axis, worked by the motor, and
producing at each revolution a pressure upon the end of the balance lever, in the
view of putting back the balance into equilibrium, without the intervention of the
fixed stop.
At this precise moment, the weighing or automatic reading is done,
the cam lift up to the lever, escapes, and regain its normal position, continuing at
the same time to be actuated by the principal axis.
4. A registering apparatus and totaliser. By what has been said it will be
observed that in order to constitute a meter, it suffices to put into relation by

page_text: coupling devices, during the periods,öf weighing, the axis of the 'first wheel of the
totaliser with the principal axis; by this,means, the totaliser will registrate and
summate the periodical weighings. The last part of our meter consequently is-
5. A clutch or coupling device which is capable of being arranged in a variety of
'dispositions, of which we give a description of the two most important ones.
In the drawings, filed with the Provisional Specification we represent a complete
meter, as indicated above, as well as the details of the most important parts and
their electrical connexions.
-
'Fio'
'Elevation of meter.
3. nd view.
Fig. 4. View of motor with its regulator and the electrical connexions.
Fig. 5, and 6. Indicates the details of a mechanical coupling, devices and its
relations with the "elastic cam "and the totaliser.
Fig. 7. 'Disposition of a double totaliser for large meters, with double registering
apparatus.
.
Fig. 8. Switch for large meters with double registering apparatus.
In Fig. 1, 2, and 3, M indicates the electric motor of constant speed, which by
means of an endless screw V, and of the wheels "1,", " and 7087 communicates to
the principal axis A an uniform rotatory motion.
At one of the ends of A is mounted, between points or otherwise, the "elastic
cam," which consists of the axis A₁, of the disk D carrying the cam ₁, and of the
spiral spring R; this latter is fixed on one side to the axis A, and on the other side
to the finger y fastened to the axis A but regulatable in an angular position.
The disk D is carried on in the rotatory movement of A so long as the cam 71
does not meet with the piece of the beam F of the electric balance, what
necessarly takes place at every turn.
This balance G is disposed in order that the moveable part presses against a stop
which in this case is the fixed coil G₁, with a force proportional to the quantity to
be measured, 1 or E I, as the case may be.
It is supposed here, that we refer particularly to a Watt meter or electro-
dynamic balance, constituted of two fixed flat coils G, and G, disposed electrically
so as to add their actions upon the moveable flat coil G, which is mounted on the
beam F this one is pivoted in the middle part and is counter-weighted by the
weights P and p.
;
The spring R twists itself until it develops a force sufficient to raise the beam.;
at this moment, the cam ₁ and the piece escapes, the spring distends and the
disk D regains its natural position on the axis A₁ viz.: corresponding, to no
torsion.
In order to prevent any irregular motion of the disk D, in the case of great
torsion, we place a friction brake not shown here, to secure a dead beat motion
of D.
The spring R is a such one that its torsional force is always proportional to the
angular displacement; the duration of the weighing, viz. the time that elapse
between the stroke of the lever F by the cam ₁, and its elevation, or otherwise
the total torsion of the spring is absolutely proportional to the initial pressure of
the balance on its stop, or to the quantity to be measured.
It is consequently necessary to put in motion the totaliser during the periods of
weighing viz. to let the totaliser participate to the motion of the principal axis
during these periods.
To this end, we employ for example an electro magnetic coupling device similar
to those existing in certain electric chronographs.
S
An electro magnet m is mounted on the axis A; its armature a retained by a
spring is affixed on the axis a₁ which by the pinion p strikes the first wheel of
the totaliser T. This axis a₁, can be moved backwards and forwards longitudinally.
The exciting current of the electro-magnet m being controlled by the spring-
cam so as to excite the same during the process of each pressure, as will be seen,

page_text: the totaliser therefore gives the current or electrical energy measured at equal
intervals of time, and summates these, as it is the case with all meters periodical and
intermittent.
In the apparatus here represented, the coupling is assured as follows during the
periods of weighing. A single derivated current is used for exciting the motor, the
balance and the magnetic coupling in series.
The derivated current passes first through a regulatable rheostat R, then to
the coil of fine wire G, (3, 4) of the Watt-meter from which it passes normally
into the armature of the motor by the isolated support C carrying the bruslies and
the conical pendulum serving as regulator.
-
One of these brushes B+ is connected electrically to this column wile the
other B is isolated (see Fig. 4).
-
From the armature the current passes into the coil I of the electro-magnet of
the motor, and from there, during the intervals of the weighings, to the terminal B₂
by the wire 8, 9, the screw, the circular armature, a, the body, the spring y, and
the spring Y
At the moment where a weighing commences, or where the tension of the
spring R causes to equilibrate the excess of the counter weights and P, and where
consequently that tension begins to act against the electro dynamical pressure, the
extremity of the finger y, elevated the upper spring y, and thus cuts off..the short
circuit of the coil m. The derivated current then passes entirely.into the coil R,,
the armature a is attracted and the setting in gear commences finishing when the
weighing is ended and the spring raises the beam F. At that moment, the two
isolated contact a and ẞ, one of which is fixed and the other acts in connection with
the beam, and which contacts are respectively connected to Y₁ and ye are going to
touch themselves and consequently short circuit again the coil R,; the armature is
brought back by the springs and the in gearing ceases; but as the contact of
a and ẞ lasts no more than an instant and ceases when the cam ₁ releases the
part and escapes, the short circuit is maintained by the contact of the non isolated
armature a against the isolated screw .
-
By this means there are two different short circuits, one (wire 9, 10, screw v, a,
body, Y4 Y5, 11) which ceases momentarily in Y, Y, at the commencement of the
weighing, then automatically and continously in v, a, by the attraction of a; the
other in a, ß, having for its object the restablishment of this short circuit, by
causing the return of the armature a.
fouling is reviz exact and suitable for large meters.
MOTOR AND SPEED REGULATOR.
The motor we use is, as represented in Fig. 4 a ring Gramme motor coiled in
series and connected in series with a resistance X; the derivated current first
passes through a regulatable rheostat R₁, then by the electro-magnet I in the
armature i and finally by the resistance X.
'
One of the brush ẞ+ communicates with the body of the isolated column C and
subsequently with the ball B of a conical pendulum regulator, while the brush ẞ-
is isolated.
The groove of the regulator is isolated from the body of the motor and is
connected by the screw to one of the collectors segment; it has at its extremity
a contact thus connected electricaly to one of the collector's segment; finally
the body of the motor is connected at the extremity of X, as indicated by
the wire f
If the speed of the motor increases above a definite limit, the ball B leaves the
axis and encountering the contact thus causing a diminution of the torque of the
motor, the current instead of passing entirely into the armature is derived from
the same partly by the column C; the ball B, the contact e and the segment which
is in contact with the latter.
-When this segment is under the brush ß-, the entire current is derivated from
B

page_text: the armature; on the contrary when this segment is under +, the effect.or
the contact C B is nul.
The motor being constructed properly for a given normal current this disposition
insures a practically constant speed.
The resistance X connected as indicated, viz. in parallel with the circuit formed
by the column C, the ball B, the contact c or the body of the motor, and the wire f
has the effect of preventing speed lowering beyond its normal value and specially
to obtain a perfect starting of the motor.
In state of repose, and for all speeds below the normal value determined by the
dimensions of the regulator, the ball B touches the contact c' which shunts
the resistance X by establishing the circuit, f, body, c, B, C, B+, armature, ß-
inductor I and R₁. The derivated current then has a higher value than the normal
and the motor tends to accelerate.
-
,
The indicated connexions are in principle the same as those of Fig. 2, in
reference to the motor, but in Fig. 2, it is the coil itself of the Watt meter, (3, 4,)
which acts the part of the resistance X. This coil is short circuited when the ball
of the regulator presses on contact or the body of the motor, distinct of the body
of the apparatus, by the fact that the first wheel of the gear wheels is isolated
from its axis.
The current then passes from the ball to the isolated support C to the brush ẞ+
by the armature to the brush ẞand to the inductor. Besides, the regulatable
rheostat R, is placed here before the motor.
The motor is regulated so that the lower contact el serves only for the starting
and in case of accident, of such sort that the variation of the derived current
resulting from the working of the regulator, is insensible in consequence of
the feeble resistance of the armature as compared to the whole of the derived
circuit, which should be several thousands of olims.
The motor indicated in Fig. 1, 2 and 4 has a Gramme ring but it is unnecessary
to say that our system of regulator can be applied to all other forms of motors.
The coupling device above described is perfect in precision but for practical
needs and for general usage, it is unnecessary to use so delicate an apparatus
in which case, we prefer to use a simpler system which we describe and in which all
coupling operations are effected by purely mechanical means.
MECHANICAL COUPLING DEVICES.
All electric contacts can be suppressed and the starting-in and putting-out of
totalisator effected by purely mechanical parts.
The system consists in principle to communicate the movement of the principal
axis to the first wheel of the totaliser during the weighings by intervention of
a friction clutch which consists here in a ratchet wheel mounted with smooth
friction on the principal axis and controlled by two ratchets. The first of these
ratchets,sets free the ratchet wheel at the cominencement of the weighing and stops
it at the end of the revolution.
The second ratchet is at a distance from the wheel at the beginning of the
weighing and drops in at the end of the weighings; it is again put out at the end
of the revolution, after. the first has dropped in. The totalisator T is thus
connected in a continuous manner to the principal axis A by a friction gear
but only enters into the general motion during the periods of the weighings,
considering that the two ratchets stop the movement of the friction clutch during
the intervals of the weighings.
The totaliser is connected to the axis A by the intervention of the wheel
which acts along with the ratchet wheel r, which is itself mounted with smooth
friction on the extremity of the axis A. The required pressure is obtained by a
brass bush, which being split, gives a spring on the axis A or else by a pressure
effected on its two faces by the intervention of bent washers or collars.
The ratchet wheel has two ratchet and the first of which is always

page_text: in contact before the beginning of the weighings and is released at the moment that
the same begins; the other ratchet which is not in normal contact, is brought to
bear at the precise moment the weighing ends.
On
To this effect the first ratchet q acting along with the axis and the lever is
governed by the cam c of which the profile and the angular position on A are such
as to put the ratchet out of contact at the instant the weighing begins by means of
pressure of the spring g² and is again put into contact at the end of the turn.
the contrary, the ratchet 7, and its prolongation, act along with the axis b₁ and
the lever, which is maintained in place against the action of the spring s₁ by a
tooth of the lever l
When the weighing finishes, part 7, of the spring-cam escapes from the part
corresponding to the beam F; at that moment, under the action of a previous
tension and the action corresponding to the electro-dynamical force itself the disk D
which is fitted on its circumference with projecting teeth effects the clevation of
the lever, the lever l, escapes, and the ratchet q, is immediately put into contact
under the action of spring si-
At the end of the revolution a second cam c₁ fixed also on the axis A. by pressing
on the lever, fixed on b, affects the replacing of the ratchet ₁ and the lever l
again stretching the spring 1 This last operation is naturally only effected
after the first ratchet has been replaced in contact by the cam c so that the
ratchet wheel is only free at the moment of the following weighing.
This disposition has besides the advantage of assuring a rapid stoppage of the
disk. D or of suppressing the oscillations, which permit considerable twisting of
the spring R, since after disconnexion, the teeth must pass under the lever 1, by
clevating each time the spring C
The regulating of the apparatus is simply effected by making sure that the
ratchet 7.is set at iberty and the ratchet, is returned simultaneously when the
electro-dynamic pressure is nul; this regulation is operated simultaneously by
the fixing of the cam c and the adjustment of the weight P.
The electrical connexions in this case are as per Fig. 4 where the resistance X
and R, can, represent the coil of fine wire of the Watt meter and a regulatable
rhcostat.
The standardising of all our apparatuses is so made that the first dial-plate of
the totaliser gives at once the watts or multiples of watts by first adjusting the
rheostat, then by varying slightly the normal speed of the regulator then increasing
the weight of the ball by adding small grains, as is frequently done in other cases.
The above descriptions are suitable for meters about 150 lamps or less; but as
in all meters, it is not possible to obtain an indefinite range, the scale being
limited. In the event of its being required to register all quantities between unit
and a much higher limit, 500 lamps for instance, we employ the multiple system
as hereafter described.
What limits the extension of measuring in our system is :
1st. The slight error always effecting the nul weighing.
2nd. The fact that a certain limited pressure is required to register the smallest
given quantity; if consequently we require to register a thousand times more, it
is necessary that the motor should develope at that moment a force one thousand
times greater, which would lead to unpractical dimensions.
To obviate this inconvenience and to reduce the large meters somewhat to
the dimensions of the smaller ones, it suffices to combine two galvano metric
apparatuses viz. two Watt meters, and two "elastic-cams" or "spring-cams'
mounted on two axes controlled by the same meter.
"
One of these Watt meters is of high sensibility and its cam is furnished with a
spring relatively weak the other Watt meter on the contrary has a much lower
sensibility.
If we suppose that the sensibility of the first is twenty times greater than that
of the second, the resistance of the large coils of thick wire being in the same

page_text: proportion; and further supposing firstly that the two axes are connected to
'independent totalisers.
The two coils of fine wire are then excited by a single derivation, which feeds
the motor and (by means of a special disposition later described,) firstly is only
included in the principal circuit, the thick wire of the first galvanometer, the coil
of the second coupling in quantity for a given value of current.
The first galvanometer being alone, in the circuit marks alone in the example
given until twenty of the first lamps are lighted causing a very heavy weighing on
the totaliser of which the unit
very weak.
On the twenty-first lamp, the two coils of the thick wire will be in derivation:;
the first totaliser continues to register the consumption corresponding to one lamp
and the second registers the consumption corresponding to twenty lamps.
By this means, it is possible to register up to the corresponding current of
400 lamps; it suffices to take the indications of the two totalisers.
1. The
In order to obviate the inconvenience of having to make two readings cach
time, we join the two principal axes to the same totaliser so disposed that the
readings are added together. To effect this it suffices to make to correspond the
first axis with the dial plate of the units by means of its magnetic coupler and
the second with the tenths. Having regard to the following conditions.
first coupler once in action must put in motion all the loose parts of the totaliser,
to begin with the first. 2. The two coupler being set into action, at the same
time, the corresponding rotations should be able to add their relative values without
'the movement of the second movable part of the totalisator in any way interfering
with that of the first.
For this purpose, we employ the following arrangement.
The large galvanometer (Fig. 7) acts by its electro magnetic coupler on the
axis a, of the totaliser which is connected itself to the upper moveable parts in
the ordinary manner. The small galvanometer acts in the same manner on the
axis a, which is connected to the wheel R, by a spring r sufficiently stiff to enable
it "to overcome, without twisting, the friction of the totalisator. The wheel R, is
'fitted to the wheel R, by means of two cog-wheels R¹, R loose on their axis and
coupled by a ratchet and a ratchet wheel so as that the wheel R" revolving in the
required way governs the wheel R', but not inversely.
Finally an electro-magnet E mounted in series with the magnetic coupler
corresponding to the axis u, commands by its armatuire a ratchet t, which stops the
wheel R when the electro-magnet is excited. If then, the first galvanometer is
alone in circuit, the wheel R, commands the entire series of loose parts in the usual
'inanner.
a1
On the contrary, when the two axis a, and a, are in action at the same time, the
axis
commands the upper moveable parts; the wheel R, cannot turn the fixed
wheel R by the electro-magnet E, the spring 7 stiffens in consequence of an arc
corresponding to the reading effected on the sinall galvanometer.
that
At the moment that the axis a₁ become free the ratchet is dropped out of gear;
the spring ŕ distends and all the loose parts advance in a corresponding quantity
to the reading. As the axis u, could be free before the axis
it is necessary
a1,
the command of the axis a, be effected by a non reversible transmission or with an
endless screw.
Fig. 8 represents one of the dispositions we propose to put successively in parallel
the two coils of thick wire of our galvanometers.
"The total current passes continually the electro-magnet E', from there, the
circuit bifurcates and passes through G in the small galvanometer and by D in the
large one.
So long as the current does not attain a certain value the electro-magnet E
does not attract its armature, nor put in action the relais L; the current passing
by G'only.
12.
On the contrary, when the armature is attracted the electro-magnet.m disposed

page_text: in derivation is excited; it attracts in consequence its armature P which closes
in K the circuit of D. By means of its counter-weight X, the lever Z protects
that position notwithstanding that the isolated pieces has interrupted the circuit
of the electro magnet m.
At that moment the current divides itself between the two galvanometers and
the same would be the case until it as taken its initial value.
The electro-magnet E when abandons its armature, which by means of the
relais L closes the circuit of the electro-magnet n, conjugated to the electro-
magnet m, which causes the lever Z to oscillate. Here again the isolated parts
breaks the circuit at the end of its course; the small galvanometer is then alone
in action.
For alternate currents it suffices to divide as much as possible the iron parts of
the motor, or to replace them by one of the forms of alternating currents motors
very well known applying the same principle of regulator.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is ::
1. An electric-meter consisting of the combination of a motor of constant speed
with a Coulomb meter or a Watt meter constituted of an electric balance, an
"elastic-cam," a totaliser and a coupling device so as to effect automatically at
each revolution a weighing or reading proportional to the current or to the electrical
energy.
2. A constant speed motor working in general, with a constant derivated current,
provided with a regulator, intended to proportionate the torque to the resisting
effort and based upon the short circuiting or shuntage of the whole or part of the
motor and of an auxiliary resistance by the means of a centrifugal pendulum as
described, this motor furnishing the wanted power for our system of automatical
readings.
3. In an electric-meter, the combination of our "elastic-cam" mounted on a
revolving axis of constant speed, with an electric balance.
4. The combination of our system of meter characterized by the mode of weighing
and automatical reading of an electric balance by means of our ❝ elastic-cam
revolving with an axis of constant speed, with our magnetic coupling device, as
described.
5. The combination of our system of meter characterized as above, with our
mechanical coupling device, as described.
6. The combination of our "clastic-cam" with a friction coupling device
controlled by this cam, in view of making automatical readings of an electrical
balance and their summation.
7. In our system of electric meter the combination of two galvanometers of which
the fixed circuits run through by the principal current are placed successively in
quantity.
8. In an electric meter, the disposition described and represented of the double
action totaliser permitting of its being simultaneously or successively commanded
by means of two motive axis.
The whole as described in our Specification and represented by the annexed
drawings.
R. HEURTEY.
EUG. MEYLAN.
W. CAM. RECHNIEUSKI.