Improvements in Apparatus for Raising or Forcing Liquids, such Apparatus being also applicable for other purposes.
Year: 1889

page_text: Date of Application, 16th Nov., 1889
Complete Specification Left, 16th Aug., 1690-Accepted, 4th Oct., 1890
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Apparatus for Raising or Forcing Liquids, such
Apparatus being also applicable for other purposes.
I, ARCHIBALD BRUCE of 67 Cathedral Street, Glasgow, Lanarkshire, Plumber,
do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
This invention is a further development of the invention for which a Patent
No. 13172 dated 29th September 1887 has been granted to me. In the Specification
filed under the said patent I have described and shown an apparatus or engine which
consists of two cylinders the one, preferably, fitted on top of the other.
The top
or larger cylinder serves as an air compressor whilst the smaller lower one is a hydraulic
one. The engine is a single acting one.
The object of my present invention is to make the apparatus or engine double-acting.
In carrying out my invention instead of using a plunger in the water cylinder,
as before, attach, by a piston rod, to the piston of the air cylinder a piston which
works in the water cylinder. To the side or at other convenient part of the water
cylinder I attach a four-way cock or valve arrangement for controlling the water supply
and exhaust to and from the cylinder. The four way cock or valve consists of a
barrel, attached to the cylinder, in which a plug is preferably fitted, so as to turn
freely on a small point or pivot cast on the bottom of the barrel and which works
in a hole made in the bottom of the plug, or on the point of a screw or spindle which
is fitted through or in a cap screwed on to the lower end of the barrel.
The plug.
is, preferably, made cylindrical or coned at top and bottom and is cut away in the
centre in such manner as to leave two hollow semi-cylindrical chambers, on each
side, between it and the barrel. If desired channels may be bored in a solid plug
instead of having semi-cylindrical chambers. The ways are, preferably, so arranged
that the supply is opposite the exhaust and the ways leading to the top and bottom
of the cylinder are opposite each other. With this arrangement when the plug is
turned in one direction, which may be done by the action of tappets and a tumbling
lever as under my prior patent, water from the source of supply enters one of the
semi-cylindrical chambers and passes to, say, the under side of the piston of the
hydraulic cylinder. At the same time the space on top of the piston is in com-
munication with the exhaust. On the plug being turned in the opposite direction, at
the end of the stroke, the water supply is turned on to the space at the top of the
piston and communication is made between the underside of the piston and the
exhaust so as to allow the water used in the previous stroke to pass freely away.
The air compressing cylinder may be also made double acting; in this case, air
inlet and outlet valves are fitted on top or at the upper part of the side of the
cylinder and also air inlet and outlet valves at the bottom or at the lower part of the
side of the cylinder.
The air outlet valves would, preferably, communicate with each other by small
pipe connection. The valves may be made on the same principle as those described
& shown under my prior patent. With this arrangement on the upstroke of the
piston, air would be forced out through the outlet valve at top of cylinder and drawn
in through the inlet valve at bottom of cylinder or vice versa. On the down stroke air
is drawn in through the inlet valve at top and forced out through outlet valve at
bottom, or vice versa.
The engine may be made to work horizontally if desired.
Whilst the engine is principally designed for raising or forcing beer or other liquids
it may be used for pumping or compressing air or gases.
Dated this Fifteenth day of November 1889.

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Apparatus for Raising or Forcing Liquids, such
Apparatus being also applicable for other purposes.
I, ARCHIBALI BRUCE of 67 Cathedral Street, Glasgow, Lanarkshire, Plumber,
do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:
This invention is a further development of the invention for which a Patent No. 13172
dated 29th September 1887 has been granted to me. In the Specification filed under
the said patent I have described and shown an apparatus or engine which consists
of two cylinders, the one, preferably, fitted on top of the other. The top or larger
cylinder serves as an air compressor whilst the smaller lower one is an hydraulic one.
The engine is a single acting one.
The object of my present invention is to make the apparatus or engine double-
acting.
And in order that my said invention may be properly understood I have hereunto
appended an explanatory sheet of drawings whereon-
Fig. 1 is a side elevation and
Fig. 2 a vertical section of my improved raising or forcing apparatus.
Fig. 3 is a vertical section of a slightly modified arrangement of the apparatus.
Fig. 4 is a horizontal section on the line x-x, Fig. 2.
Fig. 5 is a detail view to an enlarged scale.
I will now proceed to describe my invention, reference being had to the
accompanying sheet of drawings.
Referring to Figs. 1 and 2
A is the air or gas compressing cylinder which is bolted on top or to the side of
the fluid pressure cylinder B. On the drawings the cylinder A is shown as of larger
diameter than the cylinder B although it may be of the same or smaller size.
The
two cylinders may be bolted together as shown. Under this invention instead of
using a plunger in the fluid pressure cylinder B, I attach by a piston rod C to the
piston of the air or gas compressing cylinder A, a piston E which works tight in
the cylinder B. The piston rod C passes through a stuffing box F in the division G
between the two cylinders. The division G may be screwed in place as shown or it
may be cast in one piece with the cylinder B. To the side, or it may be at other
convenient part, of the fluid pressure cylinder B is cast a hollow barrel H, shown
more particularly at Fig. 4. This barrel has cored out channels a and b leading to
the top and bottom of the cylinder B. The channels, as will be seen, communicate
with the barrel H at top and bottom, although they may communicate at the sides.
The barrel is preferably tapered as shown and it may be closed at its narrow end by
a cap I shown dotted which may have a projection on it as indicated. Both ends or
only one end of the barrel may however be left open or both ends may be closed by
caps if desired. In the barrel works a plug J shown more particularly at Fig. 5,
which is tapered so as to fit into the hollow barrel H. The plug is cut away in the
centre on each side, c, d as shown, so that when the plug is fitted in the barrel H
two hollow semi-cylindrical chambers will be formed between it and the barrel, one
on each side of the plug as shown at Fig. 2. When a cap is used, as indicated in
dotted lines, Fig. 2, the end of the plug may be recessed, as indicated in dotted
lines at 1' Fig. 5, so thatthe plug will turn freely on the point or projection 12 on the
cap 1. Instead of a cap I with projection I a cap with a screw or spindle fitted
through it may be used. On each side of the barrel H are two ways e, f, one,
being for the supply of water or other fluid under pressure and the other e being for
exhaust. A tap g may be fitted on the exhaust way e and the way / may be coupled
to any suitable pipe connection for supplying gravitation water or other fluid pressure.
The plug J is turned in the barrel by means of the rod K (Fig. 1) which is connected
to the piston D and works through a hole or opening in the bottom of the cylinder A.
‚f,

page_text: "
The
On the rod K are two stops K', K² which, as the rod K moves up and down alternately
catch on the rod or lever I which is connected to the outer end of the plug J.
There is also fitted on the end of the plug J a tumbling or weighted lever M.
levers L and M are so fitted relatively to each other that when one of the stops pushes
up or down, as the case may be, the lever for a certain distance, the lever M.will
be moved to such a point that it will suddenly fall or "kink over by its own weight
and so suddenly turn the plug J. The arrangement of tumbling lever and rod is
An air inlet valve 0 and
described in my prior patent herein before referred to.
These valves may
outlet valve P are fitted on top or at the side of the cylinder A.
be, as shown, of the same construction as under ny patent No. 1317287 aforesaid.
With this arrangement when the plug J is turned in one direction water or other
fluid from the supply way fenters one of the semi-cylindrical chambers e or d and
passes by the channel b to say the under side of the piston E of the cylinder B.
the same time the space on top of the piston E is in communication by the
channel a with the exhaust e. On the plug being turned in the opposite direction,.
at the end of the stroke, the water or other fluid supply is turned on to the at
the top of the piston and communication is made between the under side of the piston
and the exhaust so as to allow the water used in the previous stroke to pass freely
away. As the piston E moves up and down in the cylinder B the piston D also
moves in conjunction with it, at each down stroke drawing in air or gas by the
valve O and at each up stroke expelling the inspired air or gas out through the valve P
to the place where it is to be used.
space
At
The compressing cylinder A may as shown at Fig. 3 be also made double acting,
in this case an air or gas inlet valve O' and an outlet valve P¹ are fitted to a pipe
connection at the upper side or end of the cylinder and an air inlet valve 02
and outlet valve P' to a connection R at the lower end or side of the cylinder.
The air outlet valves P1 and P2 are, preferably, connected together by a pipe S
which has a branch S' leading to the place where the compressed air or gas is to be
used. With this arrangement on the upstroke of the piston D, air or gas is forced
out through the outlet valve P¹ at top of cylinder A and drawn in through the
inlet valve O at bottom of cylinder. On the down stroke air is drawn in through
the inlet valve 0¹ at top and forced out through outlet valve P2 at bottom.
or gas forced out by the outlet valves P¹ and P2 at each stroke passes away by the
pipe connection S to the accumulator or other compressed air or gas reservoir or for
immediate use. There is preferably fitted on top of the cylinder A a spring or
other safety valve T for allowing the compressed air or gas to blow off when it exceels
a certain pressure.
The air
Instead of having a plug J cut away as hereinbefore described, channels may he
so bored in a solid plug that they will alternately communicate the one with the
channel a and the supply and the other with the channel b and the exhaust and, on
the plug being turned, communicating the one with the channel a and the exhaust
and the other with the supply and the channel b.
The engine may be inade to work horizontally if desired.
Whilst the engine is principally designed for raising or forcing beer or other
liquids it may be used generally for pumping or compressing air or gases for any
purposes where compressed air or gas is required.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is-
1. The double acting apparatus or engine for raising or forcing liquids and for
other purposes, substantially as herein before described and shown under modified
arrangements on the drawings annexed.
2. The application and use in apparatus of the class set forth of a four way fluid
supply and exhaust cock or valve made and operating substantially as hereinbefore
described

page_text: 3. In a double acting apparatus or engine for raising or forcing liquids and for
other purposes and made and operating substantially as hereinbefore described, the
combination with the air or gas compressing cylinder of inlet and outlet valves (P*, P³,
and 0, 02) and of a pipe connection (S) between said valves, substantially as set
forth.
1
0
1000