IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SUGAR AND ARA 39 PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION
Year: 1871

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James Duncan, of Mincing Lane, in the City of
London, Sugar Refiner, and John Stenhouse, of Rodney Street,
Pentonville, in the County of Middlesex, Analytical Chemist, for
the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SUGAR AND
ARA 39
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James Duncan and
John Stenhouse at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 20th June 1871.
We, JAMES DUNCAN, of Mincing Lane, in the City of London, Sugar
Refiner, and JOHN STENHOUSE, of Rodney Street, Pentonville, in the -
County of Middlesex, Analytical Chemist, do hereby declare the nature
of our said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACture of Sugar aND
IN THE TREATMENT OF SACCHARINE SOLUTIONS," to be as follows :—
In the manufacture of sugar and in the treatment of saccharine
solutions prior to such manufacture and treatment it is most desirable
that any metallic salts or compounds, such, for example, as those of
iron contained therein should be separated therefrom, and this Invention
relates to the separation of iron from sugar juice and saccharine solutions
during the process of the manufacture of sugar, or in the treatment of

page_text: saccharine solutions, and consists in the employment for that purpose
of sulphuretted hydrogen, either in the gaseous state or in solution in
water, or in syrup, and also in the employment of the sulphides and the
hydrosulphides of potassium, of the sulphides and hydrosulphides of
sodium, of the sulphides and hydrosulphides of ammonium, of the
sulphides and hydrosulphides of strontium, of the sulphides and hydro-
sulphides of calcium, or of the sulphides and hydrosulphides of
magnesium, or of mixtures of the same in order to precipitate the iron
therefrom.
In carrying out this Invention we firstly dissolve the sugar in
water, and should the solution be acid we neutralize the same by
the addition of carbonate of lime, or whiting, or of carbonate of
strontium, or of carbonate of magnesium, or of carbonate of potassium,
We then
or of the carbonate of sodium, or of mixtures of the same.
pass a current of sulphuretted hydrogen gas into the syrup or add
thereto a solution of sulphuretted hydrogen in water, or in syrup;
taking care not to employ more than is sufficient to precipitate the iron
present in the aforesaid syrup, or we add to the saccharine solution
cither one or more of the sulphides or of the hydrosulphides before
mentioned, or of mixtures of the same, and in such quantity as shall
ensure the precipitation of the iron, care, however, being taken that no
excess of the before-mentioned sulphides or of the hydrosulphides be
employed.
Should the solution of the sugar or of the saccharine solutions to be
operated upon be alkaline or neutral or only faintly acid then the
sulphuretted hydrogen, or the sulphides, or the hydrosulphides, or
mixtures of the same, as above mentioned may be at once added without
any preliminary treatment.
In applying our Invention to the precipitation of iron from either
saccharine solutions or from syrups they may be either at once treated
'as before mentioned, care being taken should they be acid, to neutralize
any free acid that may exist in the same, or the solutions may be
previously diluted to any desired extent.
The solutions of sugar or the other saccharine solutions or syrups
before referred to may be treated at the ordinary or at such an elevated
temperature as may bé found desirable.
The sulphides or hydrosulphides of potassium, of sodium, of am-
monium, of strontium, of calcium, and of magnesium may be employed

page_text: either in the solid state or in solution, but we prefer to employ them in
the latter form.
After having effected the precipitation of the iron in the manner
before mentioned the saccharine solutions or syrups are separated from
the insoluble compounds of iron either by decantation or filtration, and
the clear solutions or syrups may then be submitted to the usual process
in order to obtain sugar therefrom.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said James Duncan and John Stenhouse in the Great
Seal Patent Office on the 19th December 1871.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, JAMES
DUNCAN, of Mincing Lane, in the City of London, Sugar Refiner, and
JAMES STENHOUSE, of Rodney Street, Pentonville, in the County of
Middlesex, Analytical Chemist, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twentieth day of June in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-one, in the thirty-
fifth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give
and grant unto us, the said James Duncan and John Stenhouse, Her
special license that we, the said James Duncan and John Stenhouse, our
executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as we, the said
James Duncan and John Stenhouse, our executors, administrators, or
assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time
and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should
and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and, vend, within the United
Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands,.and Isle
of Man, an Invention for “IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SUGAR
AND IN THE TREATMENT OF SACCHARINE SOLUTIONS," upon the condition
(amongst others) that we, the said James Duncan and John Stenhouse,
our executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under
our hands and seals, or under the hand and seal of one of us, should
particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention,
and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same
to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months
next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said John Stenhouse, on behalf of myself
and of the said James Duncan, do hereby declare the nature of our said
Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be par-
ticularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement,
that is to say :-
Our said Invention relates to the separation of iron from sugar and
from saccharine solutions, and consists in the employment for that
purpose of sulphuretted hydrogen either in the gascous state or in
solution in water, or in syrup, and also in the employment of the
sulphides and the hydrosulphides of potassium, of the sulphides and
hydrosulphides of sodium, of the sulphides and hydrosulphides of
ammonium, of the sulphides and hydrosulphides of strontium, of the
sulphides and hydrosulphides of calcium, or of the sulphides and hydro-
sulphides of magnesium, or of mixtures of the same in order to pre-
cipitate the iron therefrom.
In carrying out this Invention we firstly dissolve the sugar in water,
and should the solution be acid we neutralize the same by the addition
of carbonate of lime or whiting, or of carbonate of strontium, or of
carbonate of magnesium, or of carbonate of potassium, or of the car-
bonate of sodium, or of mixtures of the same. We then pass a current
of sulphuretted hydrogen gas into the syrup, or add thereto a solution of
sulphuretted hydrogen in water or in syrup, taking care not to employ
more than is sufficient to precipitate the iron present in the aforesaid
syrup, or we add to the saccharine solution, either one or more of the
sulphides or the hydrosulphides before mentioned, or of mixtures of
the same, and in such quantity as shall ensure the precipitation of the
iron, care, however, being taken that no excess of the before-mentioned
sulphides or of the hydrosulphides be employed.
Should the solution of the sugar or of the saccharine solutions to be
operated upon be alkaline or neutral, or only faintly acid, then the
sniphuretted hydrogen, or the sulphides, or the hydrosulphides, or
mixtures of the same, as above mentioned, may be at once added without
any preliminary treatment.
In applying our Invention to the precipitation of iron from either
saccharine solutions or from syrups they may be either at once treated
as before mentioned, care being taken should they be acid to neutralize
any free acid that may exist in the same, or the solutions may be
previously diluted to any desired extent.

page_text: The solution of sugar or the other saccharine solutions or syrups
before referred to may be treated at the ordinary or at such an elevated ·
temperature as may be found desirable.
The sulphides or hydrosulphides of potassium, of sodium, of ammo-
nium, of strontium, of calcium, and of magnesium may be employed,
either in the solid state or in solution, but we prefer to employ them in
the latter form.
After having effected the precipitation of the iron in the manner
before mentioned the saccharine solutions or syrups are separated from
the insoluble compounds of iron either by decantation or filtration, and
the clear solutions or syrups may then be submitted to the usual process
in order to obtain sugar therefrom.
Although we have mentioned the employment of the sulphides and
of the hydrosulphides of potassium, sodium, ammonium, calcium,
strontium, and magnesium, I would wish it to be understood that I
prefer to employ the sulphides and the hydrosulphides of strontium.
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of our
said Invention, and the manner in which the same is or may be used
or carried into effect, we would observe in conclusion that what we
consider to be novel and original, and therefore claim as the Invention
secured to us by the herein-before in part recited Letters Patent is,-
First. Effecting the separation of iron from saccharine solutions, or
from syrups by the employment of sulphuretted hydrogen either in the
gaseous form or dissolved in water or syrup.
Secondly. Effecting the separation of iron from saccharine solutions or
from syrups by the employment of the sulphides and bydrosulphides
of potassium, sodium, ammonium, calcium, strontium, and magnesium,
or mixtures of the same.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Stenhouse, on behalf of myself
and of the said James Duncan, have to this my Specification set
my hand and seal, this Twelfth day of December One thousand
eight hundred and seventy-one.