IMPROVEMENTS IN FIBE-PLACES AND FLUES, AND APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH
Year: 1865

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Edward Welch, of No. 2, Vimiera Place, South
Lambeth, in the County of Surrey, Gentleman, for the Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN FIBE-PLACES AND FLUES, AND APPARATUS CONNECTED
THEREWITH."
Sealed the 3rd October 1865, and dated the 7th April 1865.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Edward Welch at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 7th
April 1865.
I, EDWARD WELCH, of No. 2, Vimiera Place, South Lambeth, in the
County of Surrey, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN FIRE-PLACES AND FLUES, AND APPARATUS CON-
NECTED THERE WITH," to be as follows:-
!
1st. An improvement in the construction of a stove or fire-grate, having a
brick back to the fire, enclosed within an iron stove, and a flue behind the
brick in which the heat from the bottom of the fire is led to give heat to the
brick and to the ironwork in which it is enclosed, and thus to obtain a
powerful radiation from the front of the fire, and also a powerful warm air
stove behind it.
2nd. An improvement in a kitchen range, by making the ash pan serve as
a flue to convey the heat from the bottom of the fire to the ovens and boiler
of the range.
3rd. Improvements in baking ovens connected or disconnected with a
kitchen fire-place.

page_text: 4. Improvements in an emigrants range, rendering it more effective and
portable.
5th. Improvements in an apparatus for conveying foul air from rooms into
the flues.
6th. Improvements in the construction of flues for heating churches, drying
sheds, baths, &c., and in a brick flue for ordinary chimnics.
7th. Improvements in the construction of an ordinary brick fire-place.
DESCRIPTION.
1st: Stove or Fire-grate.-I divide the back of the stove or fire-grate into
two parts by a partition of fire-clay from bottom to top, and make the heat from
the fire pass on both sides of this partition for the purpose of speedily heating
it, and causing a large amount of radiation of heat towards the front of
the fire; whilst the back of the stove which encloses the fire brick becomes
considerably heated also, and serves as a warm air stove for warming air before
it is led into the room.
2nd. The Kitchen Range.-I fix the ash pan refered to close under the
bottom of the fire, having a closed ash-pit beneath it. I cause the heat. from
the bottom and back of the fire to flow into this ash pan as if it were a fluc
leading the heat from the fire round the ovens and boiler. I make this ash
pan to slide out and in so as to open or close the current of heat from the fire
to the ovens at pleasure.
3rd. Baking Ovens.-(1st.) I form brick ovens at the side of the kitchen
fire, and make the heat from the bottom and back of the fire flow directly
into them through an enclosed ash-pit, thereby heating the ovens with the
hot air that has passed through the fire. I fix a pierced sheet of iron
as a screen between the ash-pit and the oven to prevent dust going into
the oven.
(2nd.) I form a baking oven with a fire-tile bottom and an iron top, having
a pipe or pipes of communication for heat to pass from the bottom to the
top of the oven. I heat the oven from a small furnace fire, or from a hot
hearth beneath it.
4th. An Emigrant's Range. I cast behind the cheeks of the fire of an
ordinary emigrant's range some large flanges to receive the sides, top, shelves,
&c. of the oven belonging to the same, forming a compact iron box for transit.
I cast the sides, top, back, and shelves of of the oven in separate pieces, all
fitting into the flanges above named when loose. I make a hollow chamber
or flue behind the fire to throw the heat from the fire either under or over the
oven at pleasure.

page_text: Apparatus for Air Flue.- form an apparatus projecting from the wall
at the bottom of the flue and concealing the flue hollow behind, up which
I take the foul air from rooms. I construct a valve in the same to prevent
down draughts when required.
6th. Improvements in the Construction of Flues.-(1st.) I form a brick flue
covered with a simple flat iron plate, under which I take the heat for warming
public buildings or drying sheds. I make a wall plate of cast-iron on each
side of the brick flue to receive the top plate, and so formed that a second
plate of trellised iron may be fixed over the 1st plate, to prevent injury to
dresses in passing over the flues.
(2nd.) I form a new kind of flue under baths, consisting of two chambers,
one above the other.' I make a valve or damper to open one flue and close
the other at pleasure to change the current of the fire from one flue to the
other when the bath is sufficiently hot..
(3rd.) improve an ordinary brick flue or chimney by making it round
instead of square by means of a peculiarly formed brick, so as to allow flues to
be more effectually swept. I slope this brick to a certain angle to gather the
flues out of the perpendicular line.
7th. Improvements in an ordinary Brick Fire-place-Isi. I form the back
and cheeks of an ordinary brick fire-place of fire tiles, having a flue behind
the back and behind each check. I lead the heat from the bottom of the
fire into these flues, as well as. in front of the fire-tiles, for the purpose of
rapidly heating the fire tiles and causing a great increase of radiation from the
fire. I form the top of the fire-place with a sloping tile or quarry, under
which I lead the heat from the flues before it is lost in the chimney, thereby
greatly economising the warming power from the fire.
(2nd.) I make another improvement by forming the sides of the fire-place
with fire-brick, and turning an arch at the top from check to check, having a
hole for the smoke at the top of the arch, and a damper in the same to regu-
late the draught.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Edward Welch, in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 6th
October 1865.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, EDWARD
WELCH, of No. 2. Vimiera Place, South Lambeth. in the County of Surrey,
Gentleman, send greeting.

page_text: WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Seventh day of April, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-five, in the twenty-eighth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said Edward Welch, Her special licence that I, the said Edward Welch, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Edward
Welch, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the
term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN FIRE
PLACES AND FLUES AND APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH," upon the condition
(amongst others) that I, the said Edward Welch, my exccutors or adminis-
trators, by an instrument in writing under his, or their, or one of their hands
and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the
same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months
next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Edward Welch, do hereby declare the
nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement, that is to say:-
My Invention consists, firstly, 1 divide the back of a stove or fire-grate
from bottom to top into two parts by a partition of fire-clay, as shewn upon
the Drawing (No. 1), and marked f, and make the heat from the fire pass on
both sides of the partition through an aperture or holes left in the bottom of the
said fire-clay back for the purpose of heating it speedily, and thereby causing
a large amount of radiation of heat towards the front of the fire, whilst the
iron back of the stove, which encloses the said fire-clay, becomes heated, and
serves as a powerful warm air stove for warming fresh air before it is led into
the room.
I claim this mode of constructing a stove or fire-grate and its application-to
stoves of every kind, and the peculiar lever ventilator shewn at No. 1 A.
2ndly. I fix the ash pan under an ordinary range, close under the bottom
of the fire, upon closed solid brickwork, as shewn upon the Drawing (No. 2).
I cause the heat from the bottom grid, and also from an open grid forming
the back of the fire, marked (g) on the section, to flow into the ash pan, and
from thence under and around the oven. I attach to the ash pan a register
to open or close, so that the oven may be kept cool if desired.

page_text: 3rdly. As respects Baking Ovens connected with Kitchen Ranges and
Ovens for Bakers.--1st, I form brick ovens at the side of kitchen ranges, as
shown upon the Drawing (No. 3), and I make the heat from the bottom and
back of the fire, as described in No. 2, to pass directly into the ovens through
an enclosed ash-pit, thereby heating the said brick ovens with the hot air that
has passed through the fire. 1 fix a sheet of iron, pierced with small holes,
between the ash-pit and the ovens to keep out the dust.
2nd. I form a baker's oven with a fire-tile bottom and an iron top, as shewn
upon the Drawing (No. 4). with pipes of communication for the heat to pass
from the bottom to the top, after having previously passed from the front to
the back of the oven, and then returning from the back to the front and up
the ordinary chimney. I heat the oven from a small furnace fire beneath it.
as shown by the said Drawing.
I claim brick ovens at the side of kitchen ranges, constructed as described
above, and bakers' ovens as also described, that is, formed of brick or tile
bottoms and iron tops; and I apply the latter to kitchen ranges as an improve-
ment in what is called a Yorkshire range.
4thly. As respects an Improved Emigrant's Range. I cast behind the checks
of the fire of an ordinary emigrant's range some large flanges to receive the
sides, top, shelves, &c. of the oven belonging to the same, forming a compact
box for transit. I cast the sides, top, back, and shelves of the oven in
separate pieces, all fitting into the flanges above named, and I construct the
fire-box in the same manner as described for the fire in No. 2.
I claim this mode of constructing an emigrant's range.
5thly. An Improved Apparatus for Air Flues. I form an apparatus pro-
jecting from the wall (near the ceiling of a room), say two or three inches.
and looking at the front like a large medallion or shield, and fixed at the
bottom of an air flue; see the Drawing (No. 6). I take the foul air from
rooms behind this projecting medallion into the flue; I fix a valve that opens
or closes at pleasure behind this apparatus to prevent down draughts if
necessary, tightened by a cord, with an india-rubber ring at its lower end, and
hung to a fixed pivot.
. I claim this apparatus so constructed as applied to conveying foul air of
rooms into air flues.
6thly. Improvements in the Construction of Flues in Floors for Warming &
Drying Purposes. I form a brick flue covered with an iron plate and resting
upon a wall plate of iron, of a peculiar form, as shewn upon the Drawing
(No. 7), formed also to receive a second plate of trellised iron fixed over the
first, for the purpose of protecting combustible matter from injury.

page_text: Secondly, I form a new kind of double flue under baths for the purpose of
applying heat to a bath, and taking the heat from it at pleasure (as shewn
upon the Drawing No. 8). I construct a right-angled damper to open one
flue and close the other when desired.
I claim the brick flue with its iron top and wall plate above described, as
applied to warming large rooms, and for heating drying rooms and drying
sheds, and the double flue with its right-angled damper as applied to baths
and other purposes.
7thly. Improvements in an Ordinary Brick Fire-place.-1 form the back
& cheeks of an ordinary brick fire-place of fire tiles, having a 'fine behind the
back and behind each check, as shewn on the Drawing (No. 8). This is only
the application of the Invention described in the Drawing No. 1 to a brick
fire-place having no iron back casing, and therefore only aiming at an improve-
ment in the direct radiating warnth from the front of the fire.
I claim this mode of improving the ordinary brick fire-place, and I further
claim the application of the iron casing forming the flue behind the fire-brick,
and a damper within it to check the draught of the stove No. 1, without the
brickwork, to the conical-fronted stoves known as Stephens' patent, for the
purpose of making the back of that stove suitable for warming air.
In witness whereof, I, the said Edward Welch, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Fourth day of October, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-five.
Signed in the presence of
HORACE FIELD,
69, Lincoln's Inn Fields, W.C.
EDWARD WELCH. (L.S.)