Year: 1895

page_text: Date of Application, 18th June, 1895-Accepted, 10th Aug.,
1895
A communication from abroad by THADDEUS CAHILL, of New York City, State
of New York, United States of America.
I, ROBERT ALEXANDER SLOAN, of the Firm of Sloan & Lloyd Barnes, of
Castle Chambers, Castle Street, Liverpool in the County of Lancaster, Patent
Agent, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement:-
The object of my invention is to increase the ease and rapidity with which type-
writing machines may be operated, and my invention consists in the improvements
and combinations hereinafter described and claimed; but, while referring the
reader to the paragraphs of claim at the end of this Specification for a formal and
definite statement of my invention, I wish here to say briefly that my invention
relates only to the feature of writing two consecutive letters simultaneously and to
the various combinations of parts by which this is done; and further I wish to say,
at the outset, that my invention relates in the main rather to the combinations of
parts than to the individual elements themselves; for most of the individual parts
of the machine, said parts being considered each by itself, are old, at least in
principle.
The machine figured in the accompanying drawings in illustration of my invention,
may be described briefly as consisting essentially of (a) a main-frame of cast-iron
or other suitable material; (b) a paper-carriage, suitably mounted and serving to
carry the paper to be printed; (c) spacing mechanism whereby the necessary
movements of the paper and paper-carriage are effected, as the successive letters
are printed; (d) an inking-ribbon, ribbon-spools, whereon such ribbon is mounted,
and ribbon-feed mechanism, whereby the ribbon is advanced across the printing-
points, so as to furnish fresh inking surface, as the printing takes place; (e) keys
for the right hand, a type-form connected therewith, and suitable type-form-
positioning mechanism intermediate said right-hand keys and the type-form
connected therewith; (f) keys for the left-hand, another type-form connected
therewith, and suitable type-form-positioning mechanism intermediate the left-hand
keys and the type-form corresponding thereto; the two type-forms being arranged
in such a manner that each prints at a printing-point of its own, the printing-points.
being, however, adjacent to each other, and the two type-forms co-operating to print
successive letters of a word simultaneously or substantially simultaneously, one
letter being printed from one of the type-forms and determined by the right hand,
the other letter being printed from the other type-form and determined by the left
hand; and (g) impression mechanism for each type-form, whereby the printing
from such type-form is effected. Such is the machine itself; but, as before said,
the invention relates only to the feature of writing two letters simultaneously and
to the various combinations of parts by which this is done.
In the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 is a top view of my improved type-
writing machine; Figure 2 is a front elevation; Figure 24 is a detail elevation of
the ribbon-reversing mechanism illustrated in Figure 2; Figure 2B is a detail
sectional elevation on the line a, a, Figure 2A, also illustrating the ribbon-reversing
mechanism; Figure 3 is a side elevation, a portion of the main-frame being broken
|away; Figure 3ª is a detail elevation illustrating the right-hand end-piece of the

page_text: main-frame, a portion of which is broken away in Figure 3; Figure 4 is a rear
elevation illustrating the movement synthesizers or movement-combining devices at
the back of the machine, the carriage, spacing mechanism, type-forms and ribbon
mechanism being omitted for the sake of more clearly illustrating what is shown,
and different portions of the hack-plate, also, being broken away for the same
purpose; Figure 44 is a detail elevation illustrating the lateral movement synthesizer
or movement-combining device seen at the left of Figure 4; Figure 5 is a plan view
in section on the line a, a, Figure 2; Figure 5 is a detail section on the line x, x,
Figure 5; Figure 6 is a sectional view in elevation on the line ', ', Figure 4,
looking to the right of said figure; Figure 7 is a sectional view in elevation on the
line, 2, 2, Figure 4, looking to the left of said figure; Figure 8 is a sectional view
in elevation, on the line, Figure 4, looking to the right of said figure; Figure 9
is a sectional view in elevation on the line a, a, Figure 4, looking to the left of
said figure; Figure 10 is a sectional view in elevation on the line a, a, Figure 1,
looking to the front of the machine, and in this view the main type-form is shown
one letter-space to the right of its normal position; Figure 11 is a similar view, on
the same line, x, x, looking to the back of the machine, the spacing mechanism,
movement-synthesizers, and other mechanism at the back of the machine being
omitted; Figure 12 is a vertical elevation in a plane parallel to the plane of
Figures 2 and 4, on the back line of the brace-rail, A", looking to the front of the
machine, said brace-rail, A, however, and the parts connected therewith and
serving as bearings for the carriage-hanger shafts, not being shown; Figure 12ª
is a sectional elevation in a plane parallel to the plane of Figure 12, illustrating the
spacing mechanism; Figure 12" is also a detail of the spacing mechanism illustrated
in Figure 12, as viewed from the right of Figure 12; Figure 12° is a sectional
detail on the line a, r, Figure 12; Figure 12 is a detail elevation illustrating the
carriage line-spacing mechanism, the parts being viewed from the right hand side
of the machine, the right-hand end-piece being removed; Figure 12 is a detail
sectional elevation, also illustrating the interlinear spacing mechanism, the plane of
section being the surface of the ratchet proximate to the paper-roll; Figure 13 is
a view similar to Figure 12 and on the same line, but looking to the back of the
machine, the brace-rail, A4, however, which in reality lies immediately in front of
the plane of the drawing, being shown for the sake of greater clearness; Figure 13ª
is a view similar to Figure 13, but illustrating the arrangement of stops for the
lateral movement-synthesizers, omitted from the other views; Figure 13B is a
detail illustrating the shaping of the left-hand side-piece of the main-frame;
Figure 14 is a vertical elevation, corresponding to Figure 4, and illustrating the
back-plate of the main-frame, much of which is broken away in Figure 4;
Figure 15 is a plan view, corresponding to Figures 1 and 5, illustrating the bed-
plate of the main-frame, most of the mechanism being removed, and the back-plate
being shown partly in section, to illustrate the manner of connecting this part with
the bed-plate; Figures 15 and 158 are detail plan views illustrating portions of
the bed-plate necessarily omitted from Figure 15 and from other figures on account
of the size of the sheet; Figure 15 is a similar view illustrating a portion of the
mechanism lying below the rib, A¹, Figure 15, a part of said rib being broken
away; Figure 16 is a rear elevation of the principal type-form, drawn to a larger
scale than the preceding figures, illustrating the arrangement of the characters, each
character, however, being shown for the sake of clearness naturally as it prints,
instead of inverted as formed on the bar; Figure 17 is a rear elevation of the
auxiliary or left-hand-operated type-form; Figure 17ª is a side elevation and
Figure 17 a top view of said type-form, the three figures last mentioned being,
like Figure 16, drawn to a larger scale than the other views.
Figures 18, 18, 18, 18, 18, 18, 18", 18" and 18", represent a modified
construction of the co-operating type-forms. Figure 18 is a sectional view through
the machine corresponding to Figure 8; Figure 18 is a detail top view of the
modified duplex type-forms; Figure 18B is a vertical section through the principal
type-form in a plane at a right angle to the plane of Figure 18, the type-form

page_text: standing in its vertical position; Figure 18 is a detail rear elevation illustrating
the modified movement synthesizer mechanism employed for positioning the
auxiliary type-form; Figure 18D is a sectional view in elevation on the line x, x,
Figure 18, also illustrating said movement synthesizer mechanism; Figure 18
is a detail top view illustrating the modified arrangement of keys employed in
connection with the movement synthesizer last mentioned, for the positioning of
the modified auxiliary type-form; and Figure 18 is a detail side view (corre-
sponding with Figure 3,) illustrating the modified rock-shaft employed to connect
one of the movement synthesizers illustrated in Figures 4 and 8 (but omitted from
Figure 18,) with the toothed-segment hereinafter described by which the principal
type-form illustrated in Figure 18 is rotated; Figure 18 is a cross section on the
line a, a, Figure 18B; and Figure 18 is an elevation of the auxiliary or bar
type-form of Figure 18, viewed at a right angle to Figure 18;
Figures 19, 194, 198, 19° and 19" are detail views representing another modified
arrangement of type-forms for printing successive letters of a word at adjacent
printing-points simultaneously; Figure 19 is a top view; Figure 19A is a side
elevation, partly in section, illustrating the co-operating type-forms; Figure 19³ is a
detail back view illustrating one of the modified movement synthesizers employed
in positioning said type-forms; Figure 19° is a sectional elevation on the line x, c,
Figure 19, also illustrating said movement synthesizer mechanism; and Figure 19D
is a top view of one of the sets of keys employed in positioning said type-forms
(there being a set of keys for each of the two type-forms);
Figure 20 is a detail side elevation, illustrating the carriage motor-mechanism ;
Figure 21 is a rear elevation of the carriage-motor mechanism; Figure 22 is a
detail front elevation of the same; Figure 23 is a sectional elevation in a plane.
parallel to the plane of Figure 20, through the center of the mechanism illustrated
in Figure 20; Figure 24 is a cross section in a plane parallel to the planes of
Figures 21 and 22, through the center of the part, 68, Figure 20; Figure 25 is a
top view of the principal or right-hand-operated type-form; Figure 26 is a front
elevation of the same; Figure 27 is a cross section on the line x, x, Figure 26;
Figure 27 is a view similar to Figure 27, the type-bars being omitted; Figure 28
is a side elevation of the same type-form; Figure 29 is a vertical section through
the same in a plane parallel to the plane of the preceding figure; Figure 30 is a
top view and Figure 30A a front elevation of the casting to which the type-bars
of the principal type-form are hinged and by which they are carried; Figure 31
is a detail side elevation illustrating the casting, A82; Figure 32 is a detail rear
elevation illustrating a modified connection between the key and the corresponding
rock-arm; Figure 33 is a detail side elevation illustrating another modification
for the same purpose; and Figures 34, 35 and 36 are details illustrating the
arrangement of a movement synthesizer stop, Figure 34 being a top view, Figure 35
a side elevation, and Figure 36 a perspective.
Figures 37. 38, 384, 38, 380, 39 and 394, illustrate modified constructions of
co-operating type-forms and are described more at length hereinafter.
The drawings are intended to represent the mechanism clearly, so as to enable a
mechanic skilled in the art to reduce to practice the invention herein described.
The drawings do not pretend, however, to represent all the parts in every minute
particular with photographic accuracy; and in many of the views parts which
would be seen in an exact projection are omitted; and this is true especially of the
views illustrating modified constructions, Figures 18, 18ª, 18³, 18º, 18º, 18ª, 18ª,
18, 18, 19, 19ª, 19³, 190, 190, 37, 38, 384, 38, 38, 39 and 394.
My invention, or at least, most important features of my invention may be
carried out in a variety of different ways. My preferred construction is illustrated
in Figures 1 to 17 inclusive and 20 to 36 inclusive, which I shall first describe ;
and after the preferred construction has been made clear, I shall describe certain
other constructions. It should be understood, however, at the outset, that the
practical mechanic, wishing only to carry out my invention in the form that I
consider best, has only to study Figures 1 to 17 and 20 to 36 inclusive, illustrating

page_text: the preferred construction, and those portions of the description relating thereto;
and need pay no attention to the alternative constructions. I shall now describe
my preferred construction.
a
THE MAIN-FRAME.
The main-frame is of iron and consists of (a) a bed-plate; (b) a back-piece;
(c) two side-pieces; (d) a brace-rail, connecting the two side-pieces; and
(e) various minor parts attached to those named. The bed-plate has a front-rib, A;
key-supporting rib, A'; side-ribs, A2 and A³; and a rearward-extending rib, As.
The back-plate has a bottom-rib, A22; a top-rib, A23; and vertical connecting
ribs, A2, A2, A2, A27 and A28. The ribs, A2, A2 and A27 are furnished with
forward-extending projections, A2, A", etc. A bar, A", is bolted to the pro-
jections, A2, A3, of the rib, A23, parallel to said rib. A bar, A3, is bolted to the
projections, A2, A29, of the rib, A2, parallel to said rib; and a bar, A, is bolted
to the projections, A2 A2, of the rib, A", parallel to said rib. The side ribs, A²
and A³, of the bed plate, are furnished at their rear ends with inwardly-facing
projections, A, A. The back-piece is connected with the bed-plate by means of
bolts, which pass through the lower rib, A2, of the back-piece, into the parts, A",
A, A, of the latter, binding them firmly together. The side-pieces, A³, A³,
(see particularly Figures 1, 2, 3, 6 and 9,) of the main-frame are castings, having
each a lower horizontal part or foot; a vertical or upright part; and an upper,
horizontal, backwardly-extending part. The lower horizontal part or foot, is secured
by bolts to one of the side-ribs of the bed-plate, and the upper, horizontal,
backwardly-extending part, is secured by bolts to the top rib, A2, of the back-
piece. A brace-rail, A, is bolted to the side-pieces, A2, A3, at their tops, in
iront. Thus the bed-plate, back-piece and side-pieces are all firmly bound
together.
A casting, A2, of the form illustrated in the drawings, (sec particularly
Figures 1, 2, 3, 5 and 10,) is attached by bolts, A3, A3, to the front rib, A. Said
casting, A, serves as a bearing for the horizontal ribbon-feed shaft hereinafter
described, and also as a bearing for the vertical ribbon-spool-shafts and quarter-
turn pulleys hereinafter described.
A casting, A7, of the form illustrated in the drawings, (see particularly
Figures 1, 2 and 20,) is attached by bolts, A", A", to the side-rib, A³. Said
casting, A7, serves to support the shaft upon which the wheel that moves the
carriage is mounted, and also to support one end of the ribbon-feed shaft herein-
before mentioned and hereinafter described. It serves, moreover, to support one
end of the rock-shaft hereinafter described, by which lateral motion is imparted, to
the left-hand type-form.
A casting A of the form illustrated in the drawing, (see particularly Figures 1,
2, 4, , 13 and 21,) is attached by machine screws (not seen in the drawings,) to
the backward-extending part, A³, of the bed-plate. Said casting, A³, serves to
support one end of the shafts hereinafter described by which the type-form-
elevating levers are mounted.
of
A casting, A2, of the forin shown in the drawings, (see particularly Figures, 5,
12 and 128,) is attached by bolts, A2, A3, to the backward-extending part, A³,
the bed-plate. Said casting serves to support the levers on which the spacing-
dogs bereinafter described, and certain other parts of the spacing mechanism are
mounted.
A casting, A 222, of the form illustrated in the drawings, (see particularly
Figures 5 and 15,) is attached by bolts or machine screws to the inside of the front
rib, A. Said casting, A222, serves to support the impression-hammers,' hereinafter
described, by which the type-levers of the two type-forms are thrown in against
their respective printing-points.
A casting, B, of the form illustrated in the drawings, (see particularly Figures 1,
2, 3, 7, 8, and 10,) is attached by bolts or machine screws to the top of the
casting, A. Said casting, B*, serves to support the pressure-transmitter by which

page_text: "motion is communicated from one of the hammers to the proper type-lever of the
inner or left-hand type-form.
A casting, A212, of the form illustrated in the drawings, (see particularly
Figures 1, 2, 3 and 10,) is attached by bolts, A 243, A 243, to the side rib, A². Said
casting, A242, serves to support one end of the rock-shaft hereinafter described, by
which lateral motion is transmitted to the right-hand-operated type-form.
Castings, A 253, A 252, of the form illustrated in the drawings, (see particularly
Figures, 2, 5, 11 and 13,) are attached by bolts, A 253, A 253, to the proximate faces
of the side-pieces, A and A53. Parallel bars, A254, are bolted on to the proximate
planed faces of each casting, A 252, A 252, by bolts, A 255, A 255.
Plinths or
washers, A256, A856, encircle the bolts, A2, A255, and serve to keep the bar, A 254
the appropriate distance from the surface of the casting that it faces, and with
which it is parallel. The castings, A2, A252, with their parallel plates, A2, A254,
serve as guides to permit of a vertical movement of the axes or centers of the
radius-pieces or hangers, by which the carriage is supported, without admitting auy
lateral displacement of said parts. A 262, A262, A262, etc., are adjustable stops,
attached fast to the main-frame, and serving to limit the play of the rock-arms or
rock-shafts of the movement synthesizers hereinafter described. Other minor parts
of or attached to the main-frame, will be described in other parts of this
Specification.
THE CARRIAGE MECHANISM.
The paper carriage illustrated herein is a modification of the well known old
style "Remington" paper carriage, to which it is essentially similar is respect of
the means for holding the paper and for advancing it from line to line. The
principal difference consists in the means for mounting the carriage.
bolts or screws.
The paper carriage (see particularly Figures 1, 3, 6, 9, 11, 12, 12º and 12",) is
adapted and arranged to carry the paper to be printed. The carriage mechanism
consists in its most essential elements of a carriage frame; an impression cylinder
around which the paper passes, and against which the type-levers strike, when the
letters and other characters are printed; a pressure-roller and elastic bands, running
on pulleys, and serving to feed the paper to the impression-cylinder; interlinear
spacing mechanism, whereby the impression cylinder is rotated and the paper fed
forward from line to line; suitable hangers or mountings for the paper carriage, to
permit of its play as successive letters are printed; a space-rack for the letter-
spacing and mechanism for impelling the carriage. Of these in their order.
The carriage-frame consists of a horizontal double-T rail, b, of metal or other
suitable material, and cast metal end-pieces, 61 and 62, firmly attached to the rail by
The impression-cylinder or paper-roll 63, is made preferably of
wood, covered with vulcanite, according to the usual practice. Metal disks or end-
pieces, 6 and 6, the first of which has a toothed periphery, are attached fast to the
end of the paper-roll by screws. The roll, b³, is concentrically mounted by means
of screws, 66, 66, passing through holes in the carriage end-pieces, b and 62, and set
fast in the impression-cylinder end-pieces, 6 and 6. The pressure-roll, 6', has a
metal shalt, 8, passing through its center. Small pulleys or band-wheels, 6º, 6º,
are attached fast to said shaft at each end of the roll, 67. The shaft, 68, is mounted
in little hangers, 622, 622, which are fulcrumed upon shoulder screws, 623, 623, set
fast in the end-pieces and 62. Band-wheels, 4 and 62, respectively, lie at each
end of the carriage, in the same plane as the wheels, 6, 6.
The upper
wheels, 62, 62, are centered upon shoulder screws, set fast in projections of the end-
pieces, b¹ and 6. The lower band-wheels, 62, 626, are fulcrumed upon centers set
fast in little castings, 626, 62, which are themselves screwed fast to the front
surface of the double-Trail, b. Strong elastic bands, 627, 67, pass around the sets
of band-wheels, 6, 624, 625, and 6º, 624, 62, respectively, in the manner illustrated in
the drawing. They serve to hold the paper in contact with the impression
cylinder, 3, and to feed it forward from line to line, as the cylinder rotates.
before stated, the right-hand end-piece, 64, of the cylinder, 63, is furnished with
As

page_text: teeth. A space-handle, 32, is fulcrumed upon one of the screws, 5º. A dog, 534, is
pivotally attached to the space-handle. This dog is in engagement with the
toothed periphery of the end-piece, 4, so that when the lower end of the space-
handle is pulled towards the operator, the dog, 634, acts upon the toothed periphery
of the wheel, 6, and rotates the impression-cylinder, 6, a line-space. A check-
spring, or lock-spring, 3, attached to the end-piece, b', with its free end bearing
upon and into the teeth of the ratchet-wheel, 6, serves to lock the wheel, 4, and
the impression-cylinder connected therewith, when not acted upon by the dog, or
feed-pawl, 34, and to ensure an uniform movement from line to line. The con-
struction and arrangement of the space-handle, 63, feed-pawl, 634, ratchet, 6, and
lock-spring, 65, has been long in use in the art, and requires no further description.
642 is a spring index-plate. It is made of sheet steel or other suitable material, and
is screwed fast to the front surface of the double-Trail, b. It serves both to assist
in holding the paper against the paper-roll, 68, and as an index. 63 is a paper-shelf
or table.
It is formed of sheet metal, attached in a suitable manner to little
castings, 44, 44, which are screwed to the end-pieces, b¹ and 63. A plate, 15, omitted
in Figures 1 and 4, covers the space bounded by the top surfaces of A5, A5, A53,
and A2, and serves to prevent the paper carried by the carriage from becoming caught
on the frame of the machine or entangled in the movement synthesizer mechanism.
6, are parallel levers, which are sometimes termed herein radius-pieces or
hangers. The carriage-end-pieces, 61 and 63, are pivotally mounted in these levers
by means of points, 63, 653, and pointed bolts, 65, 64, furnished with lock-
nuts, 6, 6. A tempered steel rod, 8, is fixed fast in each of the levers, 12, 652.
Said rod serves as a fulcrum to the lever. A guide, formed by one of the
castings, A2, with its parallel bar, A254, before described, serves to permit move-
ment of the fulcrum-rod, 600, vertically and to prevent its displacement from right
to left. Another lever, radius-piece or hanger, 67, is furnished with a shaft, 68,
firmly attached to it in a suitable manner, as for instance, by shrinking. Said
shaft is made pointed at one end, the point being set in a hole in a piece, 69, which
is screwed fast to the brace-rail, A"; the other end of said shaft has a hole bored
into it, and is supported by a pointed bolt, 62, furnished with a lock-nut, 63. Thus
the shaft, 58, and lever, 77, are mounted easily but firmly. A steel rod, 64, lying
parallel to the shaft, 658, and the rod, 65, is firmly attached by shrinking or other-
wise to the free end of the radius-piece or banger, 67. This rod is journalled in
the lever, 62, before mentioned, and held in place by a collar, 665. The three
distances, (a) from the fulcrum of the shorter radius-piece, 667 to the center of
attachment of said piece with the longer radius-piece, 62, (b) from, the center of
attachment of the longer and shorter radius-pieces to the center of attachment
of the longer radius-piece, 62, with the carriage end-piece, b¹ or 62, and (c) from
the center of attachment of the longer and shorter radius-pieces to the axis or
center of the longer radius-piece, to-wit, the center of the rod, 66, are all exactly
equal, so that the carriage moves in a right line, the fulcrums, 66, 65, rising as the
radius-pieces, 62, 63, depart from the vertical exactly the distance which the
carriage would fall, if the radius-pieces, 62, 682, moved upon fixed centers.
62 is the space-rack, which is firmly attached by screws to little castings, 673, 673,
which are themselves by shrinking attached to a rod, 6%. Said rod is journalled in
little castings, 67, 67, which are screwed to the rear surface of the double-T rail, b.
An arm, 676, is attached to the right-hand end of the shaft, 674. The arm, 678, lies in
front of the lower back end of the space-handle, 632, so that when the space-handle
is pulled by the operator towards him, it acts upon the arm, 67, so lifting the
rack, 6, away from the space-dogs hereinafter described, by which its movement
is controlled.

page_text: controlling mechanism have been described.
THE RIBBON ARRANGEMENT.
The ribbon mechanism herein described, while differing somewhat in form and
arrangement, is yet, in its essential principle, very similar to that used in the before
mentioned "Remington Standard Typewriter." See Figures 1, 2, 24, 2B, 3 and 10.
The inking ribbon, e, is wound on two spools, c', c¹. These spools are mounted
respectively on shafts, c², c². The casting, A.", forms a bearing for these shafts.
The ribbon also passes around, (that is, turns an angle of about ninety degrees on,)
little quarter-turn pulleys, c³, c³, which are journalled between points supported by
the forward-projecting arins, A4, A4, A4, A4, of the casting, A. Each of the
shafts, c', cl, has a collar, c', suitably attached to it, (as for instance, by a set screw,)
immediately above the top of the casting, A", and a mitre-gear, e, in like manner
attached to it immediately below the casting, A2. In this manner, displacement
of the ribbon-spool shafts, c', c', is prevented. is the horizontal ribbon-spool-
driving shaft, carrying three mitre-gears, 7, 8 and c³, hereinafter described. The
casting A, and the parts, A7, A7, of the casting, A", form bearings for the
ribbon-spool-driving shaft, c; that is to say, one end of said shaft is supported by
the parts A, A, of the casting A7, & the other end is supported by the hub of
the rightmost mitre, c, the mitre being attached fast to the shaft, c, and the hub
of the mitre journalled in the casting, A; and the shaft, c, is movable longi-
tudinally in the direction of its axis in said bearings, as well as rotatively mounted
therein. A mitre-wheel, c', lying between the parts, A.74 and A7, of the casting, A",
is loosely keyed or feathered to the shaft, c, in such a manner that the two rotate
together, while the shaft, notwithstanding, is free to move somewhat in the direction
of its longitudinal axis, without moving the wheel, c'. Said mitre-wheel, c', meshes
with another mitre-wheel, c, which last mentioned mitre is formed at one end of a
sleeve, 22, at the other end of which is a ratchet wheel, c23. Said ratchet, c23, is
formed as a part of the sleeve, c22, and mitre, c, before mentioned, and lies in close
pawl or
proximity to a flange, 24, and is connected therewith by means of a
detent, e, carried by the flange, 24, and normally spring-pressed against the
ratchet wheel. The flange, 2, on which the detent is centered, is suitably
attached to the shaft, 68, (as for instance by a set screw,) so that it moves with
said shaft. The sleeve, c, on the contrary, and the mitre-wheel, c, and ratchet-
wheel, 23, formed integral therewith, are mounted loosely upon said shaft, 1,83. The
detent, c25, before mentioned, connects the parts in such a manner that the ratchet-
wheel, c³, sleeve, c22, and mitre, c, move with the flange, c, and shaft, 13, when
the wheel, 68, mounted fast on said shaft, urges the carriage from right to left, (as
viewed from in front,) but not when the carriage moves in the opposite direction.
This movement of the ratchet, c23, sleeve, c22, and mitre, c, in turn moves the mitre-
wheel, c', and ribbon-spool-driving shaft, c, and mitre-wheels, cs, es, which are
firmly attached to the shaft, c, in a suitable manner, (as for instance, by shrinking)..

page_text: Said mitre-wheels, cs, es, are arranged in such a manner that they mesh respectively
with the mitre-wheels, c, c, attached to the ribbon-spool shafts, c³, c². The
initres, c,, however, are placed such a distance apart upon the ribbon-spool-
driving shaft, c, that when the right-hand mitre-wheels, e8 and c, are disengaged,
the left-hand mitre-wheels, e and c, mesh with each other, and vice versa; and the
before mentioned movement of the shaft, c, in the direction of its longitudinal
axis, is for the purpose of bringing the mitres, c8, 8, carried by said shaft, c,
alternately into engagement with the right-hand and left-hand ribbon-spool-shaft
mitres, c, c, so that the ribbon is first wound, say from the right-hand spool on to
the left-hand spool, and then vice versa, and so on alternately.
The means provided for moving the shaft, e, longitudinally, and for lacking it in
its right-hand and left-hand positions, are the following: 28 is a collar attached
fast to the shaft, c. A little lever, 27, serves as a detent. Said lever is supported
by and fulcrumed upon a shoulder screw set fast in the arm, A, of the casting, A
When said detent, 27, is dropped down on the right-hand side of the collar, 2,
the left-hand pair of mitres, e and c, are held in inesh with each other; and so,
in like manner, when the detent is lifted, and the shaft, c, pushed to the right,
and the detent then dropped down on the left-hand side of the collar, 28, the right-
hand pair of nitres, c and c, are held in mesh with each other. Thus the ribbon
is wound first one way and then the other, as desired.
It is now proper to describe the right-hand keys, the type-form corresponding
thereto, and the means connecting the keys with the type-form. And it will be
convenient first to describe the type-form, and then the keys, and after that the
connecting mechanism.
THE TYPE-FORM CORRESPONDING TO THE RIGHT HAND.
See particularly Figures 7, 10, 16, 25, 26, 27, 27, 28, 29, 30 and 304. The type-
form for the right hand, which is the principal type-form, consists, as figured in
the drawings, of eight type-bars, suitably mounted, and carrying each eight
characters. These bars are marked respectively, D, D', D², D³, d²; d², d³ and d', of
which the type-bar, D, lies normally immediately in front of the printing-point.
Said bars are mounted for movement together up and down, and from right to left,
for the positioning of the characters, and for play individually for the printing of
the character brought opposite the printing-point, in the following manner, that is
to say: Parallel levers, d², d22, of equal length and standing one immediately
above the other, are mounted on shafts or trunnions, d23, 23, supported by points
or screws, set respectively in the bar, A33, before mentioned, and in the casting, A8
2 is a casting having a vertical arm or leg and a horizontal body. The vertical
arm of dis pin-jointed to the outer ends of the levers, d22, 22, so that it is moved
up and down as they move up and down. The horizontal body of the casting, d",
serves to support pins, d25, d2s, and screws, d20, d26, furnished with lock-nuts, d²,
between which little horizontal shafts or trunnions, 28, 28, pointed at the ends,
are mounted. The shafts, d¹8, №28, serve to mount parallel guide-levers, d²³, d²³,
which carry at their tops shafts or trunnions, 32, d³, pointed at the ends, which
are connected by points, d³, d33, and screws, d³, d³4, (furnished with lock-nuts, d³,
with a casting, d³, which carries a fixed shaft or rod, d, on which the type-
bars, D, D', D2, D3, d³, d², d³ and d', are mounted. Steel pins, 38, 38, etc., serve to
hold the various type-bars apart in their proper places, below the center, d³, and
above the center each bar is furnished with a tail-piece, which lies in one of the
recesses of the slotted cross-bar, d. Steel springs, (not shown in the drawing,)
serve to keep the various type-bars in the position shown in the drawing with
reference to the casting, de, and to return them to such normal position, when
removed therefrom. It will be seen that by the parallel levers, d²², d2²², the type-
form is mounted for movement in the direction of the length of the type-bars; by
the other parallel levers, 20, 29, the type-form is mounted for movement in a
direction transverse to the length of the type-bars, and across the type-form as a
№38)

page_text: whole; while each individual type bar has an in-and-ou
on the rod, d, for printing. It remains now to describe how these various
movements are effected.
The mechanism illustrated in the drawings for positioning the type-forms, is
what I call movement synthesizer mechanism, for by means of it a few keys are
used individually and in various combinations to print numerous characters, a
movement of the type-form, when a plurality of the keys are depressed, being in
a certain sense built up or synthesized out of the individual movements corre-
sponding to the keys coacting. What is meant by movement synthesizer mechanism,
can be understood better after the particular sort of movement synthesizer
mechanism illustrated in the drawings has been described.
In the drawings, (see particularly Figures 1, 2, 4, 5 and 13,) there are ten keys
for the right hand, marked respectively, e, e¹, e², e³, E, e, Es, e³, E and e. These
keys serve to control two movement synthesizers at the back of the machine, one
of which serves to move the type-form up and down, while the other serves to
move the type-form from side to side. The keys, e, e¹, e², E and e, are connected
with the movement synthesizer that moves the type-form up and down, and with
that movement synthesizer only; the keys, e³, E, e', E and e, are connected with
the movement synthesizer that serves to move the type-form laterally, and
with that movement synthesizer only, the keys, es, e and e³, being each connected
with one movement synthesizer element only, while the keys, E and E³, are
each connected with two elements of the same movement-synthesizer. The
movement synthesizer for moving the type-form transversely, (see particularly
Figures 4, 44, 8, 13 and 13^,) consists most essentially of three rock-levers or
rock-arms, 1, 2 and f, two levers, h² and *, and three links, g', 92 and g,
connecting the rock-levers, f¹, f³ and f*, respectively, with the levers, h² and h.
The lever, 2, is connected at one point with the link, g', at another point with the
link, g, and at a third point with the lever, h. The lever, 4, is connected at one
point with the lever, ², as just stated, at another point with the link, g, and at a
third point, by a link, h, with the arm, 16, of the rock-shaft, ', whose other
arm, ³, is connected with by a link, h, with one of the levers, 29, 29, by which
A hanger, or
the type-form is mounted for transverse or lateral movement.
hanging lever, 22, centered on a shoulder-screw, 23, screwed fast into the top
rib, A3, of the back-piece, is connected with the lever, ³, at the point at which said
lever is connected with the link, g', and serves to hold the levers, 3 and 4, in their
proper vertical positions. The rock-arm, f¹, is connected by a push-up, k¹, with the
keys, E and e; the rock-lever, 13, is connected by the push-up, k2, with the keys, e
and E; and the reck-lever, f, is connected by the push-up, k', with the keys, e³,
E and E. The key, e, when pressed down by the operator in front of the fulcrum,
rises back of the fulcrum, and through the reach-up, k¹, moves the arm, fand
link, g, from their normal position of parallelism with each other, rocking the
lever, 2, on its point of connection with the link, g², as a fulcrum, rocking the
lever, ', on its point of connection with the link, g', as a fulcrum, rocking
the rock-shaft, 4, and moving the link, h°, and the type-form, one letter-space, or
type-bar-space, in the direction of the arrow, thus bringing the type-bar, D', in
front of the printing-point. The key, e', when pressed down by the operator in
front of the fulcrum, rises back of the fulcrum, and through the reach-up, ², moves
the arm, f, and the link, 92, from their normal position of alignment with each
other, rucking the lever, 2, on its point of connection with the link, g', as a fulcrum,
rocking the lever, 4, on its point of connection with the link, g, as a fulcrum,
rocking the rock-shaft, 7, and moving the link, h, and type-form, two letter-spaces
or type-bar-spaces, in the direction of the arrow, thus bringing the type-bar, D2,
in front of the printing-point. The keys e¹ and e, when pressed down simul-
taneously, by the operator, in front of the fulcrum, rise back of the fulcrum, and
each in the manner described effects the movement already described, so that the
type-form is moved three type-bar spaces, in the direction of the arrow, and the
type-bar, D³, brought in front of the printing-point. The key, e³, when pressed
B

page_text: down by the operator in front of the fulcrum, rises back of the fulcrum, and
through the reach-up, k, moves the arm, f, and link g', from their normal position
of alignment with each other, rocking the lever, *, on its point of connection with
the lever, 2, as a fulcrum, rocking the rock-shaft, h, and moving the link, ³, and
type-form four letter-spaces in a direction contrary to the arrow, thus bringing the
type-bar, d, in front of the printing-point. The key, E³, is a combination key,
exactly equivalent to the keys, e and e³; and the same effect may be produced by
depressing and 3 simultaneously, or by depressing E' alone; for E³, when
depressed, acts through the reach-up, k¹, upon the rock-arm, f and link, g', and
through the reach-up, k, upon the rock-lever, f* and link, g; and the movement
of one letter-space in the direction of the arrow, belonging to the rock-arm, and
link, g, is subtracted from the movement of four letter-spaces in the contrary
direction, belonging to the rock-arm, f and link, g, and the type-form is given a
resultant movement of three letter-spaces, which brings the type-bar, d³, in front of
the printing-point. The key, E*, also a combination key, exactly equivalent to
the keys, and 3; and the same effect may be produced by depressing e and e³
simultaneously or by depressing E alone. For the key, E', when depressed, acts
through the reach-up, k, on the rock-lever and link, 92, and through the
reach-1
1-up, k, upon the rock-lever, and link, ; and the movement of two letter-
spaces in the direction of the arrow, belonging to the rock-lever, f³, and link, 92,
is subtracted from the movement of four letter-spaces in the contrary direction
belonging to the rock-lever, f, and link, g', so that the type-form is given a net or
resultant movement of two letter-spaces, in the direction opposite to that of the
arrow, which brings the type-bar, d², in front of the printing-point. The keys, E
and E, are together equal to the keys, e, e and e, so that the same effect may be
produced by depressing es, e¹ and e together, or by depressing E and E³ together.
In either case, the rock-levers, 1, 2 and f, and links, g', 92 and 9', are moved from
their normal positions; and the movement of one letter-space in the direction of
the arrow, belonging to the arm. f and link, g', and the movement of two letter-
spaces in the direction of the arrow, belonging to the rock-lever, *, and link, g³,
are both subtracted from the movement of four letter-spaces in the contrary
direction, belonging to the rock-lever, f and link, y, so that the type-form is
moved but one letter-space, in the direction contrary to the arrow, which brings
the type-bar, d, in front of the printing-point. So much in this place for the lateral
positioning of the type-form.
The keys, e, e', e², E and e, as before stated, serve to position the type-form
vertically. The movement synthesizer employed for this purpose, (see particularly
Figures 4, 8, 9 and 13,) consists most essentially of three rock-shafts, L1, L2 and L,
with rock-arms marked respectively, m³, M', m², M², m' and M'; levers, o² and o*;
and links, n', n² and n², connecting the arms, m', m³ and m³, respectively of the
rock-shafts, L1, L2 and L with the levers, o² and o. The lever, of is connected at
one point with the link, n, at another point with the liuk, n², and at a third point
with the lever, o. The lever, o, is connected at one point with the lever, o², as
just stated, at another point with the link, n, and at a third point said lever, o, is
connected with the vertical arni, d42, of the type-bar-raising lever, 2. The arm, M',
of the rock-shaft, L', is connected by the reach-up, ', with the keys, e² and e¹; the
arm, M2, of the rock-shaft, L2, is connected by the reach-up, P, with the keys, e
and e; and the arm, M', of the rock-shaft, L, is connected by the reach-up, 1,
with the keys, E and e. When the key, e, is depressed by the operator in front
of the fulcrum, it rises back of the fulcrum, and through the reach-up, and arm, M,
rocks the rock-shaft, L', moves the arm, m' aud link, n', from their normal position
of alignment with each other, and moves the lever, o², on its point of connection with
the link, n², as a fulcrum, which in turn moves the lever o*, on its point of connection
with the link, n', as a fulcrum, and raises the type-bar-raising levers, 2, 22, and the
type-form, one letter-space. When the key, e, is depressed by the operator in
front of the fulcrum, it rises back of the fulcrum, and through the reach-up, 2, and
arm, M2, rocks the rock-shaft, L2, moves the arm, m² and liuk, n², from their

page_text: normal position of alignment with each other, and moves the lever, o², on its point
of connection with the link, n', as a fulcrum, which in turn moves the lever, of, on its
point of connection with the link, n', as a fulcrum, and depresses the type-bar-raising
levers, 2, 22, and the type-form, two letter-spaces. When the key, e, is depressed
by the operator in front of the fulcrum, it rises back of the fulcrum, and through
the reach-ups, and and arms, M¹ and M², rocks the rock-shafts, L1 and L2, moving
the arms, m¹ and m², from their normal positions of alignment with their respective
links, n' and n², giving the lever, o², a movement compounded of the individual move-
ments given to it by the links, n¹ and n², and moving the lever, o, on its point of
connection with the link, nt, and depressing the type-form-raising levers, d²², d²², and
the type-form, one letter-space. When either of the keys, es, E, is depressed by the
operator in front of the fulcrum, it rises back of the fulcrum, and through the reach-up, *,
and arm, M, rocks the rock-shaft, L, moving the arm m³ and link, n, from their normal
position of alignment with each other, moving the lever, of, on its point of connection
with the lever, o², and raising the type-form-raising levers, d², d²², four letter-spaces.
If either of the keys, e or E, be depressed by the operator simultaneously with the
key, e², the movement of one letter-space given to the type-form by the key, e², is added
to that of four letter-spaces given by the key, e or E, and the type-form is raised
five letter-spaces. If either of the keys, e or E³, be depressed by the operator
simultaneously with the key, e, the movement of two letter-spaces downward
belonging to the key, e, is subtracted from the movement of four letter-spaces
upward belonging to the key, e or E, so that there is a net upward movement of
the type-form of two letter-spaces. And if either of the keys, e or E, be depressed
simultaneously with the key, e', the movement of one letter-space downward,
belonging to the key, e', (and being the algebraic sum of the upward movement of
one letter-space due to the operation of the reach-up, l', rock-arm, M', and rock-
shaft, L', upon the arm, m¹ and link, n', and the movement downward of two
letter-spaces, due to the operation of the reach-up, 2, through the rock-arm, M²,
and rock-shaft, L2, upon the arm, m² and link, n²,) is subtracted from the movement
of four letter-spaces upward belonging to the key, e, or E, leaving a net upward
movement of three letter-spaces. To recapitulate,
The type-bar, D, stands normally in front of the printing-point ;
The type-bar, D¹, is brought in front of the printing-point by depressing the
key, e;
The type-bar, D³, is brought in front of the printing-point by depressing the
key, e¹;
The type-bar, D³, is brought in front of the printing-point by depressing
the keys, e and e simultaneously;
The type-bar, d', is brought in front of the printing-point by depressing the
keys, e, and e, or by depressing the combination keys, E and E;
The type-bar, d, is brought in front of the printing-point, by depressing the
keys, e³ and e, or by depressing the combination key, E+;
The type-bar, d³, is brought in front of the printing-point by depressing
the keys e³ and e, or by depressing the combination key, E', and,
The type-bar, d, is brought in front of the printing-point by depressing the key, ³.
Each type-bar carries, as before mentioned eight characters, arranged vertically
one above the other. Counting from the bottom upwards,
The first or lowest character on each type-bar is brought to the level of the
printing-point by depressing the keys, e² and e or E, simultaneously;
The second character on each type-bar is brought to the level of the printing-
point by depressing the key, e or E;
The third character on each type-bar is brought to the level of the printing-
point by depressing the key e or the key, E, with the keys e and e³, or with the
key, e, (which is equivalent to e and e², because it operates the parts belonging to
both those keys);
The fourth character on each type-bar is brought to the level of the printing
point by depressing the key e, or the key E6, simultaneously with the key, e;

page_text: Numbers may be written by the Roman notation or spelled out in full, or if
desired, an additional row of characters may be added to the type-form for the
Arabic numerals, 2 to 9, inclusive, and an additional element added to the
movement synthesizer and an additional key to the key-board for the controlling
of such element. This will be readily understood.
THE IMPRESSION MECHANISM FOR THE TYPE-FORM OPERATED BY THE
RIGHT HAND.
>
It remains to describe the manner in which the characters are printed after they
have been brought to the printing-point in the manner already described. See
particularly Figures 2, 5, 5, 7, 8, and 15. Underneath the right-hand keys is a
frame formed of a shaft, P2, and a front-and-side piece, P³. The shaft, P2, is
fulcrummed between points, as shown in the drawing, and the part, P³, so placed
that it is acted on by any key that is depressed. A hammer, p, is mounted on a
shaft or trunnion, p³, which latter is supported between centers or points, as shown
in the drawing, which points are set fast in the casting, A2 222 attached to the front
rib, A, of the main-frame. On the shaft, p³, is an arm, p¹. A screw having the
portion remote from the head threadless, is set fast in the arm, pt, and projects
under the part, P³, of the frame before mentioned, so that whenever any of the
right-hand keys is depressed, the frame formed of parts, P2 and P³, is moved
thereby, the arm, p; is moved downwards, and the hammer, p, thrown in. The
parts are so adjusted that the hammer, p, when moved in as far as it is impelled by the
keys, (that is, as far as it would be carried by the keys, if depressed very slowly,) still
stands some distance in front of the type-bar to be struck, so that when the keys
have been depressed as far as they are depressed, an instant is left for the arresting
of the type-form in its proper position before the hammer, which continues to move
in under the influence of the momentum imparted to it by the keys, strikes the
type-bar lying in front of the printing-point, from which the printing is to be
done, and carries it in against the paper with sufficient force to print. More exactly,
the type-bar strikes, the ribbon, and through that prints upon the paper carried by
the paper-carriage, and wound around the cylinder, 63. The hammer and type-
bar, of course, rebound immediately after the impact, and return to their normal
positions as the keys are released.

page_text: of
p is a casting having a vertical arm or leg, and a horizontal part or body. The
vertical arm of said casting, p24 is pin-jointed to the free ends of the levers, p², p²²,
so that it is moved up and down as said levers move up and down. The horizontal
body of the casting, 24, serves to support, pins, 25, 25 and screws, 128,
furnished with lock-nuts, p27, p27, between which small horizontal shafts, p28,
are mounted. The shafts, 28, 28, serve to mount parallel guide-levers, p, 2,
equal length, which carry at their tops shafts or trunuions, p32, p32, which latter
are pivotally connected by pins, 133, 133, and screws, p34, p³, (furnished with lock-
nuts, p, p,) with a casting, p36, which carries a fixed shaft or rod, p³, on which
the type-bars. P, P¹, p¹ and p², are mounted. Steel pins, p38, p38, etc., set fast in
the casting p³, serve to hold the type-bars apart in their proper places. Small
springs, omitted in most of the drawings, serve to keep the type-bars in their
normal positions remote from the paper-roll, 63, and to return them to such their
normal positions after printing. A plate, p, (omitted in some of the views,)
serves to limit the play of the type-bars. It will be seen that by the levers, p2z, p2,
the type-form is given a movement in the direction of the length of the type-bars,
and by the levers, p29, p29, the type-form is given a movement in a direction
transverse to the length of the type-bars; while each individual type-bar has also
an in-and-out motion of its own, on the rod, p³7, as a center, for printing. It
remains now to describe how these various movements are effected.
There are ten keys for the left hand, 9, 9', 92, 9³, Q, 9', Q5, 9º, Q and q. The
keys, q. Q and 96, are space-keys, that is, they print nothing, but make spaces
only, and will be described hereinafter. The keys, 9', 9², Q', 9', Q' and q³ serve
to control two movement synthesizers at the back of the machine, one of which
serves to move the type-form up and down, the other to move it from side to side.
The keys, q and q², are connected with the movement synthesizer for moving the
type-form from right to left, and with that movement synthesizer only; the
keys, q' and ', are connected with the movement synthesizer for moving the type-
form up and down, and with that movement synthesizer only; while the
keys, Q and Q, are connected both with the movement synthesizer for moving
the type-form up and down, and with that for moving it laterally. The
keys, Q and Q, are, it will be observed, in reality combination keys; Q' being
exactly equivalent to q¹ and q', and Q being exactly equivalent to q and q. The
key, q³, is not connected with either of the movement synthesizers, and does not
move the type-form at all. It serves only to print the character at the dead-
point, that is, the point that lies normally opposite the printing-point.
The movement synthesizer for moving the type-form laterally (see particularly
Figures 4, 6 and 13,) consists most essentially of two rock-levers, 71 and 72, a
lever, R, and two links, R' and R2, connecting the levers, 1 and 2, respectively
with the lever, R. Said lever, R, is connected at one point, with the link, R', at
another point with the link, R, and at a third point with the arm R³, of the rock-
shaft, R, whose other arm, R5, is connected by a link, R*, with one of the vertical
guide-levers, 2. The rock-shaft, R', is supported between points set respectively
in the rib, A, of the back-plate, and in the casting, A". The rock-lever, r, is
connected with its keys, q', Q and Q, by a push-up, s¹, furnished with a foot shaped
as shown in the drawings, so that it overlies the keys, q', Q and Q³, by which it
is worked, while lying so far remote from the keys, q, q3 and 9, that it is not
affected by their motion. A guide-lever, s, lying parallel with the rock-lever, ¹,
serves to keep the push-up mentioned in its proper position. The rock-lever, ²,
is connected with the key, q², by a push-up, s2. When any of the keys, q¹, Q
or Q, is pressed down by the operator in front of the fulcrum, it rises back of the
fulcrum, and through the push-up, s¹, rocks the lever, r¹, moving it and the link, R',
from their normal position of alignment with each other, moving the lever, R, on its
point of connection with the link, R2, as a fulcrum, moving the rock-arm, R3, shaft, R,
rock-arm, R, and link, R, so moving the type-form connected therewith one letter
space, (that is, the distance from the center of one type-bar to the center of the next

page_text: proximate type-bar,) toward the left-hand side of the machine, which brings the type-
bar, P, in front of the printing-point. When the key, 92, is pressed down by the
operator in front of the fulcrum, it rises back of the fulcrum, and through the
push-up, s2, rocks the lever, 2, moving it and the link, R2, from their normal
position of alignment with each other, moving the lever, R, on its point of
connection with the link, R', as a fulcrum, and moving the rock-shaft, R*. ani
type-form connected therewith toward the right-hand side of the machine, two
letter-spaces, which brings the type-bar, p², in front of the printing-point. When
the key, 2, is depressed by the operator simultaneously with one of the
keys, y, Q or Q, the movement of one letter space in the direction of the arrow,
belonging to the rock lever, r¹ and link, R', is subtracted from the movement of
two letter-spaces in the contrary direction, belonging to the rock-lever, 2, an
link, R², so that the type-form is moved one letter-space, toward the right-hand
side of the machine, which brings the type-bar, p¹, in front of the printing-.
point.
The keys, Q, Q5 and q³, as before mentioned, serve to position the type-form
vertically. The movement synthesizer employed for this purpose consists most
essentially of two rock-shafts, t¹ and 12, furnished with rock-arms, marked
respectively, u¹ and U¹, and u² and U2; a lever, v; and links, and w²,
connecting the arms, u¹ and u³, respectively of the shafts, t¹ and t2, with the
lever, v.
Said lever is connected at one point with the link, w', at another point
with the link, w², and at a third point with the arm, 2, which is connected fast
with the lever, p22, by means of the shaft, p23. The arm, U₁, of the rock-shaft, t¹,
is connected by a push-up, W, with the keys, Q and q'; and the arm, U2, of the
rock-shaft, 2, is connected by a push-up, W2, with the keys, Q5 and 7. The
key, q or Q, when pressed down by the operator in front of the fulcrum, rises
back of the fulcrum, and through the push-up, W', and arm, U', rocks the shaft, t',
moving the arm, u¹ and link, w¹, from their normal position of alignment with each
other, moving the lever, v, on its point of connection with the link, w², as a fulcrum,
and moving the type-form upward one letter-space. The key, 7 or Q, when
pressed down by the operator in front of the fulcrum, rises back of the fulcrum,
and through the push-up, W2, and arm, U2, rocks the rock-shaft, t2, moving the
arm, u², and link, w², from their normal position of alignment with each other,
moving the lever, v, on its point of connection with the link, w', as a fulcrum, and
moving the type-form downward two letter-spaces. When either of the keys, q
or Q, is depressed simultaneously with either of the keys, 9 or Q, the upward
movement of one letter-space belonging to the key, 9 or Q, rock-arin, u' and
link, w', is subtracted from the downward movement of two letter-spaces belonging
to the key, 9' or Q³, rock-arm, u³ and link, w2, so that the type-form is moved
downward one letter-space.
In brief, there are, as before mentioned, four type-bars, P, P¹, pl and p², each
carrying four characters, so that the characters of one type-bar form with the
characters of the other type-bars, four horizontal rows, of four characters each.
The type-bar, P, lies normally in front of the printing-point;
The type-bar, P¹, is brought to the printing-point by depressing the key, q';
The type-bar, p, is brought to the printing-point by depressing the key, q²;
The type-bar, p¹, is brought to the printing-point by depressing simultaneously
the keys, q' and q²;
The lowest row of characters on the type-form is brought to the level of the
printing-point by depressing the key, q* ;
The second row of characters, counting from the bottom, lies normally on a level
with the printing-point ;
The third row of characters, counting from the bottom is brought to the level of
the printing-point, by depressing simultaneously the keys, q' and '; and
The fourth or highest row of characters is brought to the level of the printing-
point by depressing the key, q³.

page_text: The characters may be arranged upon the type-form in any manner desired.
The arrangement shown in Figure 17 (in which each character is represented
naturally, as it prints, instead of being shown inverted as it stands upon the type-
form,) is perhaps as good as any. The characters thus arranged are brought to the
printing-point by the various keys, as follows;
a by the key, 9* ;
d by the keys, q², Qʻ and Q³ ;
e by the key, 9°;
g by the keys, ², q² and y';
h by the keys, qt and q³;
by the key, Q₁;
1 by the keys, 92 and 9*;
m by the keys, q² and Q₁;
n by the key, g¹;
o by the key, Q';
r by the keys, Q' and Q;
s by the key, ³ ;
t by the key, 7²;
u by the keys, ² and q³;
y by the keys, ² and Q.
It will be observed that the left-hand type-form, as illustrated in the drawings,
is not furnished with a complete alphabet of characters. It will be seen that it is
furnished with a considerable majority of the letters of the alphabet, and that the
letters given a place on the left-hand or auxiliary type-form, are all of them
frequently-occurring letters, and that the letters omitted are all or nearly all of
them letters that are, speaking comparatively, letters of infrequent occurrence.
I consider such an arrangement best. When the left-hand type-form is furnished
with the say, fifteen or twenty most frequently occurring letters of the alphabet, no
substantial gain of speed, (not, it is believed, so much as one per cent.,) could be
made by furnishing it with a complete alphabet of characters, and with complete
sets of figures and punctuation marks. The sole object of the left-hand or
auxiliary type-form is to increase the speed of the machine; and that object is
substantially attained by a left-hand or auxiliary type-form furnished with say
fifteen or twenty of the most frequently occurring letters of the alphabet.
Furnishing the left-hand type-form with a complete set of characters would
increase the complexity and cost of the machine, and the weight of the left-hand
type-form. It would be more difficult to learn to operate such a machine, as there
would be more characters for the left-hand to learn, and on account of the
increased weight of the left-hand type-form, the touch would be much heavier-
considerable disadvantages, with no compensating advantage. If, however, any
one desires to construct a machine in accordance with the principle of my
invention, and to furnish the left-hand or auxiliary type-form with a complete set
of characters, he has only to reduplicate, as it were, for the left-hand, the right-
hand type-form, or the lower-case part thereof, that is to say, make the left-hand.
type-form with eight type-bars, corresponding to the eight type-bars of the right-
hand type-form; and substitute for the lateral type-form-positioning mechanism
shown for the left-hand type-form in the drawing, and formed by the arms,
and 2, links, R1 and R2, and lever, R, a movement synthesizer exactly similar to
that shown to the left of Figure 4, for positioning the right-hand type-form, and
consisting to the rock-levers, 1, 2 and 4, links, g¹, g2 and 9', and levers 2 and 4;
and make the key-board for the left-hand, so far as it consists of printing keys, a
duplicate in all respects of the key-board for the right-hand, that is, having keys
for the thumb and for each of the fingers of the left-hand, the same as are now
represented for the thumb and fingers of the right-hand. All this will be readily
understood by any one who has mastered the description heretofore given.

page_text: THE IMPRESSION MECHANISM FOR THE LEFT-HAND TYPE-FORM.
See particularly Figures 1, 2, 5, 8 and 15. Underneath the left-hand keys is a
frame formed of a shaft, a, and a front-and-side piece, a¹. Said shaft, a, is
supported by points, as shown in the drawing; and the part, a', is so placed that it
is acted on by any of the printing keys of the left-hand set (9', 92, 93, 9, Q¹, 9º, Q³,)
when depressed, but not by the space keys, 9, 96, Q. A hammer, B, is mounted
on a shaft or trunnion, B', which latter is supported between centers or points, as
shown in the drawing, which points are set fast in the casting, A222, which is
attached to the front rib, A, of the main-frame. An arm, B2, is attached fast to
the shaft, B. A screw, B³, having the portion remote from the head threadless, is
set fast in the arm, B2, and projects under the part, a', of the frame before
mentioned, so that whenever any of the left-hand printing-keys is depressed, the
frame formed of parts, a and a¹, is moved thereby, the arm, B2, is moved down-
wards, and the hammer, B, thrown in towards the type-form. A piece of tempered
steel, B, V-shaped as shown in the drawing, is fulcrumed by means of a center-pin,
set fast in a little casting, B6, which latter is screwed fast to the top of the
casting, A The V-shaped piece, B*, straddles the outer or right-hand type-form,
one leg of the V lying between the outer or right-hand type-forms, and the inner
or left-hand type-form, in close proximity to the latter, while the other leg of the V,
lies outside the outer type-form in a position to be struck by the hammer, B, but so
far remote from the outer type-form, that the V, when pressed in so far that its
inner end presses one of the inner or left-hand type-bars against the paper-
cylinder, 63, has its outer leg still clear of the right-hand type-form. The parts are
so adjusted that the hammer, B, when moved in as far as it is impelled by the key
(that is, as far as it would be carried by the keys, if they were depressed very
slowly,) still stands some distance in front of the outer leg of the V-shaped
piece, B, so that when the keys have been depressed to their utmost limit, an
instant is left for the arresting of the type-form in its proper position in front of
the printing-point before the hammer, B, which continues to move in under the
influence of the momentum imparted to it by the keys, strikes the piece, B*, which
in turn strikes the type-bar of the inner or left-hand type-form lying in front of
the printing-point, from which the printing is to be done, and carries it in against
the printing-point, with sufficient force to print. The hammer and type-bar, of
course, rebound immediately after the impact, and return to their normal
positions as the keys are released, suitable springs being furnished to return
said parts to their normal positions, which springs are, however, omitted from
the drawing.
It will be observed that the arm, B2, connected with the shaft, B1, and hammer, B,
works under the arms, p¹ and p³, connected with the shaft, ps, and hammer, p; the
arms, and p³, connected with the right-hand-operated hammer, being curved
upward to allow of the parts playing freely without engaging or interfering with
the arm, B2, connected with the left-hand-controlled hammer.
THE SPACING MECHANISM.
See particularly Figures, 12, 124, 12 and 12°. 672 is the space-rack before
mentioned. The carriage urged in the direction of the arrow by the motor-
spring arrangement herein before described, and the movements of the carriage
necessary for the letter-spacing are controlled by a pair of dogs-a loose-dog and a
fast-dog-mounted on a dog-carrying lever, the movements of which are controlled
by the keys. Said dog-carrying lever is formed of two parts, H and H', connected
together by machine screws, the holes in the part, H', through which said screws
pass, being made elliptical or elongated, to permit of the adjustment of the part, H,
upon the part, H¹, so as to bring the space-dogs hereinafter described closer
tocathar an farthan amont as deciund wienbla washam haine placed between the

page_text: part, H', and the heads of the screws. There are, as before said, two space-dogs,
a fast-dog and loose-dog; the former being so called because it has no movement
in the line of motion of the rack, 672, and the latter being so termed because it has
a movement in the same plane and tangent to the line of motion of said rack, 672.
Both dogs have an up-and-down movement. To this end, the fast-dog, H³, is con-
nected with the part, H, of the dog-carrying lever, by a little center-pin; and the
loose-dog, H', is in like manner connected with the part, H', of the aforesaid dog-
carrying lever, by another little center-pin the fast-dog, H³, is also connected by a
center-pin, or pin-joint, with a bridle lever, H, lying substantially parallel with
the dog-carrying lever. A lever, 1, pivoted upon a fulcrum-rod, I', (said rod, I,
being set in a casting, 13, screwed fast to the lower surface of the rail, A',) lies
with its rear end under the lower end of the fast-dog, H³, and with its front end
under the extension, p, of the arm, p², so that whenever said arm, p² is inoved by
the action of any of the right-hand keys upon the part, P³, the extension, p³,
presses down the front end of the lever, I, raising the rear end of said lever, and
raising the dog, H³. Another lever, 12, similar to the lever, I, before mentioned,
and fulcrumed upon the same pivot rod, I, lies with its rear end under the lower
end of the link, II, and with its front end under the extension, B5, of the arm, 132,
so that whenever said arm, B2, is moved by the action of any of the left-hand
printing-keys, (9', 9², 9³, 9', Qʻ, q³ or Q³,) upon the part, a', the extension, B³, presses
down the front end of the lever, 12, raising the rear end of said lever, and
raising the link, H. Said link is connected by center-pins or pin-joints, with
parallel levers, H' and H. A lever, H23, lies above the dog-carrying lever;
and said lever, H23, is connected with the dog-carrying lever by means of a
link, H, said link being pin-jointed to the parts, H, and H23, respectively. The
levers, H, H³, H, H2 and H23 respectively, are provided with centers or trunnions,
marked respectively, H2, H2, H2, H2 and H2; and each of these trunnions is
supported by center screws, H2, H32, said screws being provided with check-nuts
for adjustment. Adjustable stops, H3, H4 and H35, respectively are attached to
the levers, H, Haid H23, 1espectively, by machine screws. To admit of adjust-
ment, the holes in the stops, H33, H3 and H3, through which the machine screws
Jast mentioned pass, are made elongated or elliptical; and washers are interposed
between the heads of such screws and the stops, H3, H4 and H. The loose-
dog, H, is arrested by and rests against the stop, H, when the rack, 67, rests
against said dog. When said dog, H, is free from the rack, said dog is arrested by
the stop, H; but if the link, H8, is elevated, and the stop, H34, moved down
thereby, then the loose-dog, H4, moves on, under the influence of the spring, H
until it (said dog,) is arrested by the stop, H33. Normally the various parts occupy
substantially the positions in which they are shown in Figure 124; the rack rests
in contact with the loose-dog, H', whose point is well up into the teeth of the rack;
the fast-dog, H³, lies with its point below a line tangent to the teeth of the rack, 672,
a less distance than the point of the loose-dog, H4, is above such a line.
keys, e, e¹, e, e³, E, e, E, e', E and e, as we have already seen, when depressed,
act upon the frame, P³, which in turn moves the arm, 4, and hammer, p, throwing
the latter in toward the printing-point in the manner already described; and at the
same time the projection, 2, of the arm, pt, depresses the front end of the lever, I,
raising the rear end of said lever, elevating the fast-dog, H³, and tilting the
dog-carrying lever, thus drawing the loose-dog, H', down out of the rack, 672, and
pressing the fast-dog, H³, up into it. The points of the dogs, H3 and H4, stand,
when the loose-dog, H', is pressed by the rack against the stop, H3, a certain
number of rack-tooth spaces and a small fraction of a rack-tooth space apart, so
that when the loose-dog, H, moves down away from the rack, 67, said rack
moves a short distance in the direction of the arrow, under the influence of the
motor spring arrangement before described, until one of the teeth of said rack, 3,
comes in contact with the fast-dog, H³, whereby the rack, 6, and carriage
connected therewith are thereupon arrested. Meantime, the loose-dog, H, moves
on, under the influence of the contractile spring, H³, until said dog, H', is arrested
The

page_text: by the stop, H, when the point of the dog, H34, stands not quite one rack-tooth
space to the left of its former position, in close proximity to the rack-tooth
next to the left of the tooth with which it was last in contact. As the keys
are released and return to their normal positions, the fast-dog, H³, moves down
out of the rack, and at the same time the loose-dog, H*, moves up into it; and
as soon as the fast-dog, H³, clears the rack, said rack moves in the direction of
the arrow, under the influence of the motor spring before described, until it
is arrested by the loose-dog, H, which is pressed by the rack, 7, against the
stop, H3.
When any of the left-hand printing-keys, q', q, q³, ', ' Q³, 7, are depressed,
they act, as we have already seen, upon the part, a', which in turn moves the
arm, B2, and hammer, B, throwing the latter in towards the printing-point in the
manner already described; and at the same time the projection, B, of the arm, B²,
depresses the front end of the lever, 12. raising the rear end of said lever, elevating
the link, H, and rocking the levers, H and H22. The lever, H, when thus moved,
comes in contact with the pin, H, set in the fast-dog, H³, and so raises said dog, H³,
moving the dog-carrying lever, and the loose-dog, and causing the parts to operate
in the manner just described. The lever, H, when thus moved by the depressing
of the left-hand printing-keys, also serves to throw the end of the stop, H³, down
below the end of the loose-log, H, so that said loose-dog, when it is moved by the
contractile spring, H3, after its (said loose-dog's,) point has been moved down
below the teeth of the rack, moves on until it is arrested by the stop, H33; and as
the stop, H3, is so adjusted that when the loose-log is arrested by it, the point of
said loose-dog lies one rack-tooth space to the left of its normal position (as viewed
from behind,) so in like manner, the stop, H33, is adjusted in such a position that
when the loose-dog is arrested by it, the point of said loose-dog lies almost two
rack-tooth spaces to the left of its normal position; so that when the dog-carrying
lever returns to its normal position, the carriage moves two rack-tooth spaces to the
right, as viewed from behind. Thus, it will be seen, the depressing of any of the
right-hand keys causes the carriage to move one rack-tooth space; while
the depressing of any of the left-hand printing-keys, causes it to move two rack-
tooth spaces, so providing room for two letters.
It remains to describe the space-keys, 7, Q and 7. The space-key, y, is intende
to make a single space. When depressed, its front end depresses a lever, 14,
fulcrummed upon a center pin set fast in the casting, 18, and connected with the
lever, I, moving said lever, I, downwards in the same manner that the lever, I, is
moved by the projection, ps of the aran, pt, and thus pro lucing a single space in
the manner already described. The keys, Qanl 78, are arranged mike two
spaces, and are intended to be used principally for making the space at the end of
a word simultaneously with the last letter thereof, the letter being male by the
right hand and the space by the left. Said keys, Q, 1, when depressed, act each
upon an arm, K, of a rock-shaft, K', centered in points as shown, rocking said shaft
and depressing its other arm, K2, which acts upon the lever, 12, depressing said
lever, and thus clevating the link, H8, moving the dogs, H3 and H, and stop H34,
and causing the carriage to move two letter-spaces in the manner already described.
IN REGARD TO THE MOVEMENT SYNTHESIZER MECHANISM:
The pairs of arms and links, fi and g', f² and g², f* and g², m¹ and n², m² and n²,
m² and n³, r¹ and R, 2 and R2, u' and w¹, and u² and w², should be arranged in such
a manner that when in their normal positions, each of said arms lies parallel or in
line with the link with which it is connected, so that the movement synthesizer is
locked against thrusts and strains, and lost motion prevented, so that no movement
of the type-form can take place, either vertically or laterally, unless there is
a corresponding movement of some of the before mentioned movement synthesizer
elements, by which the type-form is controlled. The rock-shaft arms, 1, 2,
f, etc., connected with the links, g', g², g', etc., may be made to occupy normally

page_text: the position mentioned of parallelism or alignment with their respective links, a', g²,
9, etc., by adjusting the lengths of the various reach-ups, k', k², k, etc., so that when
the key is in its normal position, and the reach-up resting down upon it, the rock-
arm will occupy a position of alignment or parallelism with its link. A suitably
arranged spring may with advantage be used to assist the weight of the reach-ups
in holding the parts in their normal positions, and in returning them to their normal
positions when moved therefrom.
All the parts of the mechanism should be arranged in such a manner that each
particular key, when depressed, moves on until its motion is arrested by the rock-
lever which it operates, as, f',ƒ³, f, or the rock-shaft arm, as m', m², m², coming
in contact with the adjustable stop, A282, against which the key must press it firmly,
in order that the parts may be locked and held against any thrusts or strains
resulting from the operation of other parts of the movement synthesizer, or from
the moving or arresting of the type-form. Very little care or adjustment is
necessary for this purpose in connection with those keys which move but one
rock-lever or rock-shaft, (such as, e, e³, e³, e¹, e³, eº, E³, q', q², q³, 8) but more care
is required in connection with those which, (like e¹, E, E, Q, Q³) move two
rock-levers or rock-shafts simultaneously, to ensure that each of the rock-arms
connected with a key, shall be forced firmly against its stop. To this end, the
lengths of the two reach-ups controlled by the same key must be very carefully
adjusted to suit the position of their respective stops, so that the same key will
force each of the two rock-arms firmly against its appropriate stop; and to this
end a reach-up formed in two parts, as in the detail Figure 32, adjustable upon each
other by means of screws, as shown, so that the length of the reach-up may be
increased or diminished as required for adjustment, may be used as the reach-up
peculiar say to the keys e, E, É, Q, Q'; or the same effect may be produced by
the adjustment of the different arms of the rock-lever or rock-shaft; or by cutting
the keys at the points at which they act upon the reach-ups. Still another mode is
illustrated in the detail, Figure 33, in which a little lever, E2, is fulcrummed
on the key and made to act at one end say on the reach-up, k, and at the
other end on the reach-up, k, thus ensuring the pressing of each of the two
rock-arms controlled by the key and connected with links, firmly against its own
stop.
it is to be borne in mind that the movement of the type-form effected by a
plurality of the movement synthesizer elements acting simultaneously for the
positioning of the type-form in the same arc or plane, while nearly equal is not in
fact exactly equal, (measured in inches or millimeters,) to the algebraic sum of the
movements produced by those elements acting singly. In consequence, the various
parallel rows of type should not be placed exactly the same distance apart, measured
in inches or millimeters. The true rule is to ascertain the exact position to which
the type-form is moved by each key and combination of keys belonging to each
movement synthesizer, and then to place the row of type corresponding to such key
or combination of keys upon that portion of the type-form which is brought in
front of the printing-point by such key or combination of keys. To illustrate
with reference to the drawing the course to be pursued in arranging the type upon
a pattern type-form: The stop for the arm, m', should be so set that said arm,
when moved, will raise the type-form exactly one letter-space; the stop for the
arm, m², should be so set that said arm, m², will move the type-forin downward two
letter-spaces; and the stop for the arm, m', should be so set that said arm, m³, will
raise the type-form four letter-spaces. The type-form should now be marked,
when in its normal position and at a point immediately in front of the printing-
point; it should then be moved downward one letter-space by the simultaneous
action of the couples, m', n', and m², n³, and marked in that position; it should
then be moved downward two letter-spaces by the action of the couple, m², n², and
marked in that position; should then be moved up one letter-space by the action
of the couple, m', n', and marked in that position; it should next be moved upward
two letter-spaces by the action of the couples, m³, n², and m², nt, and marked in that

page_text: position; then it should be moved upward three letter-spaces by the action of the
couples, m, n, m², n², and m, n, and marked in that position; then it should be
moved upward four letter-spaces by the action of the couple, m, n, and marked in
that position; and finally, it should be moved upward five letter-spaces by the
action of the couples, m², n', and m, nt. The rows of characters should be placed
upon the levels of these marks. The rows will not be exactly equidistant, measured
in inches or millimeters, but the alignment will be perfect. The magnitude of the
letter-spaces will vary slightly, measured in inches, and the movement given to the
type-form by a plurality of couples acting simultaneously, will not be exactly equal,
measured in inches, to the algebraic sum of the individual movements of said
couples. But the movement given to the type-form, counted in letter-spaces, or
rows of type on the type-form, (which is the important point,) will always be
exactly equal to the algebraic sum of the movements of the various couples acting;
and the alignment will be perfect. The distances between the various vertical
rows, should be determined in a like manner, the type-bars being made of different
thicknesses or placed different distances apart, so that each type-bar will be brought
correctly to the printing-point by the particular key or combination of keys that
is designed to bring it there, as before described. In other words: the stop, A2,
serving for the rock-arm, f, should be set in such a position that said rock-arm, f¹,
and link, gl, when moved from their normal positions by the keys, e or E³, move the
type-form one letter-space in the direction of the arrow, so bringing the type-bar, D¹,
in front of the printing-point; the stop, A2, serving for the rock-lever, f², should
be set in such a position, that said rock-lever, f2, and link, 92, when moved from
their normal positions by the keys, et, or E, move the type-form two letter-spaces
in the direction of the arrow, so bringing the type-bar, D2, in front of the printing-
point; and the stop, A262, serving for the rock-lever, f, should be set in such a
position that said rock-lever, f, and link, g, when moved from their normal
positions by any of the keys, e3, E or E³, move the type-form four letter-spaces in
a direction contrary to that of the arrow, so bringing the type-bar, ds, in front of
the printing-point; then the type-bar, D³, should be placed with its center,
measured from right to left, on the point of the type-form that is brought directly
opposite the printing-point by the simultaneous action of the couples, f, g, and f³, 9²;
the type-bar, d', should be placed with its center, measured from right to left, on
the point of the type-form that is brought directly opposite the printing-point by the
simultaneous action of the couples, f, g, f², g², and f, g; then the type-bar, d²,
should be placed with its center, measured from right to left, on the point of the
ty pe-form that is brought directly opposite the printing-point by the simultaneous
action of the couples, 2, 92, and f₁, 9; and finally, the type-bar, d³, should be
placed with its center, measured from right to left, on the point of the type-form
that is brought directly opposite the printing-point by the simultaneous action of
the couples, f, g, and f, g'. All this will be readily understood. When a perfect
pattern type-form is once made in the manner described, and other type-forms made
that are exact duplicates thereof, it will only be necessary in adjusting the machines
for such duplicate type-forms, to adjust the various simple elements of the movement
synthesizers, as m², m², m², 1, f' and f. The combinations will always come right,
when the simple elements are rightly adjusted, if the type-form be made exactly
like the pattern type-form. What applies in these respects to the principal
type-form applies, of course, in like manner, changing the names and proportions,
to the movement synthesizers of the left-hand or auxiliary type-form, the adjust-
ments for which will, therefore, require no further explanation.

page_text: movements of the type-forms for positioning the characters are not in straight lines,
but in curves.
The arrangement of the rows of characters in curves, is to justity or
compensate the curving movement of the type-form. Thus it will be observed
that when the right-hand type-form moves laterally, from right to left, or
vice versa,
it moves in an arc, the length of whose radius is the length of the
levers, 28, 29, between centers; and it will be seen that the curves in which the
various horizontal rows of characters are arranged are the reverse of the curve
described by the motion of the type-form carried by the aforesaid guide
levers, 29, 29; so that each character is made to stand at the exact level of the
printing-point, when brought in front of the printing-point. It will be observed
also, that when the type-form moves vertically, its connection with the link, 4,
causes it to move.in a curve whose radius is the same as the link, 1°. And it will
be seen that the curves in which the vertical rows of characters are arranged, are
curves the reverse of the curve described by the type-form, when moving up and
down under the restraining influence of the link, ½, so that each character in the
same vertical row stands in exactly the correct right-and-left position in front of
the printing-point, when moved to the level of the printing-point. In brief: the
purpose of arranging the characters in curved rows upon the type-form, is to
compensate for the curving motion of the type-form. The curves must, therefore, be
described upon a radius of the same length as the radius in which the type-formi
moves for positioning the row curved, and the curve of each row of type must be
opposite to the curve described by the type-form in positioning such row, that is to
say, as the line of lateral movement of the type-form curves downward, the
horizontal lines or rows of type must curve exactly the same distance upward, and
vice versa; and as the type-form, moving vertically, curves say to the right, the
vertical rows of characters must curve just the same amount to the left, and
vice versa; so that the curving movement of the type-form is perfectly compensated,
and each character brought to exactly the same printing-point.
It will be observed that in the preferred form of device already described both
the principal and the auxiliary type-forms are furnished each with a plurality of
rows of characters; and the peculiar type-forms illustrated in Figures, 17, 17ª,
17B, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30 and 304, have been devised to allow of the proper
working and coacting at adjacent printing-points, of two type-forms, each having
the characters arranged in a plurality of rows; for with such type-forms, the
movements for positioning the characters, and the power required to effect such
movements, are reduced to a minimum. It is of great importance that the principal
type-form (that is, the type-form furnished with a complete set of characters,) have
its characters arranged in a plurality of rows; for otherwise its movements would
be of necessity very large and correspondingly difficult to control.
It is not,
however, so important that the auxiliary type-form have its characters arranged in
a plurality of rows; for, as we have already seen, the auxiliary type-form does not
require a great number of characters. All the characters that it requires can be
arranged in one row, without requiring very large movements of the type-form to
bring said characters to position in front of the printing-point. In fact, an effective
device for duplex printing, (that is, the simultaneous printing of two successive
characters by two type-forms, each at its own printing-point,) may be made with a
principal type-form, having its characters arranged in a plurality of rows, and an
auxiliary type-form having its characters disposed in a single row. A device for
this purpose is illustrated in the details, Figures 18, 18, 18, 18, 18, 18, 18,
18, and 18. The principal type-form consists of a central rod, bar or body, d,
and four pieces, a", d, d, d, attached thereto, and carrying each two parallel
rows of characters; the whole being so formed that there is a considerable space
between the adjacent rows. The bar, d, is of square cross-section, and is mounted
in a sleeve, d being arranged in such a manner that it is free to move up and
down in said sleeve, while it rotates with the sleeve. The lower part of the bar, d,
is round in cross section, and is furnished with two collars, d¼º, dª³, attached fast to

page_text: it in a suitable manner, (as, for instance, by set screws,) and a loose-collar, d
lying between the collars, 48, 48. A link, d, is connected at one end by shoulder
screws, 4, 4, with the loose-collar, d, and at the other end pin-jointed to the
lever, whose upright arin, 42, is connected with the movement synthesizer
mechanism already described, by which the type-form is moved up and down. The
sleeve, d, is mounted in a casting, 2, which casting is itself mounted upon a
shaft, by which the type-form is given facility for movement to and from the
printing-point for printing. A collar, d, is suitably attached to the sleeve, d
immediately above the top of the casting, d; and a init: e-gear, d, is formed upon
said sleeve, immediately below the casting, 2. A segnient, d, furnished with
teeth at its top, cut to gear with those of the wheel, d, is centered upon a pin, №7,
set fast in the casting, d, as shown in the drawing. The segment, d³, serves to
rotate the wheel, d, which in turn rotates the shaft, d, and type-carriers, d, d,
,, attached thereto. To this end, said segment is connected by the link, 4,
with arm, 8, of the rock-shaft, 77, whose other arm, h, is connected as before
described, by the link, ', with the part, h, of the movement synthesizer herein-
before fully described, by which the various vertical rows of type are brought ta
position before the printing-point; the rock-shaft, 77, with its arms, 8 and 4, being
modified, however, as illustrated in the side-elevation detail, Figure 18.
45
The auxiliary type-form consists of a single bar, P, on which fifteen characters
are formed. Said bar is pin-jointed to the arm, 24, of the rock-shaft, p16, which
rock-shaft is connected by another arm, p, with the lever, Z', forming part of the
movement synthesizer to be presently described, by which the type-form, P, is
moved up and down for the positioning of its characters. A guide lever, p¹³,
parallel with the rock-arm, 15, and connected therewith by a link, p, carries a
pin, p, against which the bar, P, is normally pressed by a spring, p. The
movement synthesizer for positioning the auxiliary type-form is illustrated in
Figures 18 and 18". The key-board is modified as illustrated in Figure 18. In
this modification there are, at the back of the machine, six rock-shafts, S1, S2, S₁,
T, T and T, supported by screws and points set in the ribs, A" and A28. Said
rock-shafts, S1, S2, S, T, T2 and T', respectively correspond with the keys, q', 9,
2, Q Q and Q, and are connected with said keys so as to be rocked thereby,
the connection being made in each case by means of an arm, j, firmly attached to
the rock-shaft, and a push-up, i, connected with said rock-arm, j, and interposed
between it and the corresponding key. The rock-shafts, S1, S2, S, T, T2 and T,
respectively, have arms, U, U2, U, V1, V2 and V*, respectively, connected with
them in a suitable manner, (as, for example, by shrinking,) so that they move with
their respective rock-shafts, whenever said rock-shafts are rocked by the keys,.
with which they are connected. The rock-shaft arms, V' and V2, respectively, are
connected by links, X and X2, respectively, with the opposite ends of a lever, X³;
the rock-arms, U2 and U, respectively are connected by links, W and W*, respec-
tively, with the opposite ends of a lever, W; and the arms, U¹ and V+, respectively
are connected by links, W' and X* respectively, with the lever, X. The levers, X³
and W, respectively, are connected by links, Y and Y', respectively with the top
and middle of a lever, Z; and the lever, X, is connected by a link, Y2, with a
lever, Z, whose upper end is connected with the lower end of the lever, Z, and
whose lower end is connected by a link, Y³, with the arm, p", of the rock-
shaft, p, whose other arm, p, carries the type-bar, P. The levers, X³, W, X'
and Z, respectively, are supported and held in their proper vertical positions by
supporting hangers, 72, Z3, Z4 and 75, respectively. Said supporting-levers or
bangers, are fulcrummed upon shoulder screws, and are pin-jointed to the parts
which they support. The modus operandi of the movement synthesizer illustrated
in Figures 18 and 18", requires no description after the descriptions already given
of other substantially similar movement synthesizer mechanisms herein, further
than to say that the various stops A 262, A262, A262, etc., are so adjusted that the
couple, V, X', lowers the type-bar one letter-space; the couple, V2, X³, moves

page_text: the type-bar down, two letter-spaces; the couple, V₁, X4, moves the type-bar
down four letter-spaces; the couple, U, W, moves it up one letter-space; the
couple, U2 and W2, moves it up two letter-spaces; and the couple, U* and W*,
moves it up four letter-spaces; so that the type-form is moved downward one
letter-space by the key, Q'; two letter-spaces by the key, Q2; three letter-spac's
by the keys, Q' and Q, acting simultaneously; four letter-spaces by the key, Q;
five letter-spaces by the keys, Q' and Q, acting simultaneously; six letter-spaces
by the keys, Q and Q', acting simultaneously; and seven letter-spaces downward
by the keys, Q1, Q2 and Q, acting simultaneously; and is moved upward one
letter-space by the key, g'; two letter-spaces by the key, ; three letter-spaces
by the keys, q' and 92, acting simultaneously; four letter-spaces by the key, q* ;
five letter-spaces by the keys, q' and q, acting simultaneously; six letter-spaces
by the keys, 2 and 9, acting simultaneously; and seven letter-spaces upward by
the keys, q', and ', acting simultaneously. The letter at the central point is
printed by depressing the keys, q2 and Q2 simultaneously.
The two type-forms are struck in against their printing-points by the hammers, p
and B, already described, which are connected with and controlled by the keys, as
already described; but the V-shaped transmitter, B4, is omitted; the bar, P, is
made of such a length that when in its lowest position its top is still above the top
of the other type-form when the last mentioned type-form is in its highest position;
and the hammer, B, is brought up above the top, of the principal type-form, and
strikes the type-bar, P, over the top of the principal type-form.
Very obviously, the hammer, p, might be dispensed with, and the principal type-
form connected with the keys, so that they would throw it in directly the same as
the hammer, p; for the principal type-form has sufficient mass to serve as its own
hammer.
I have before said that it was very advantageous to make the principal type-
form with its characters disposed in a plurality of rows, thereby reducing the
magnitude of travel required for the positioning of the characters and the difficulty
of controlling the movements of the type-form. It is not, however, absolutely
indispensable to make even the principal type-form with a plurality of rows of
characters; for both the principal type-form and the auxiliary type-form may be
made with a single row of characters each, particularly if the machine is furnished
with capital letters only (as is done in a number of writing machines); and there
is one advantage resulting from making them with a single row of characters each,
to-wit, the most perfect possible lateral alignment-an advantage, however, which
is entirely outweighed by the very greatly increased difficulty of obtaining proper
vertical alignment. A device of co-operating type-forms, having the characters
of each type-form arranged in a single row, is illustrated in Figures 19, 194, 19,
19, 19 and 19. The two type-form devices are similar. Each consists of a
type-wheel, 1, mounted on a shaft, 2, said shaft being itself mounted in a casting, 3,
which latter is mounted for in-and-out movement by means of two parallel
levers, 4, 4, of equal length, centered upon pins, 5, 5. A gear-wheel, 6, is attached
to the shaft, 2. A segment, 7, fulcrummed on a shoulder screw, 8, screwed fast
into the casting, 3, meshes with the gear, 6. A link 9, connects the segment, 7,
with the arm, 10, of the rock-shaft, 11, whose other arm, 12, is connected with the
movement synthesizer mechanism hereinafter described. It will be seen that any
movement of the rock-shaft, 11, and arm, 10, causes a corresponding movement
of the link, 9, segment, 7, gear-wheel, 6 and type-wheel, 1. The movement
synthesizer mechanism for the type-wheel arrangement is represented in
Figures 19 and 19%, and the arrangement of keys is represented in Figure 19,
(that is, the arrangement for the right-hand, the arrangement of printing-keys for
the left-hand, being the same but inverted, and the left-hand baving, also, one or
more space-keys, as already described). The key-board consists of
keys, e¹, e², e, e8, E², E and E³. There are at the back of the machine seven
rock-shafts, G', G3, G4, G³, H2, H' and H³, corresponding respectively with the
seven

page_text: keys, e¹, e², et, e, E², E and E³, and connected with said keys so that they are
moved by them; the connection being made in each case by means of an arm, j,
firmly attached to the rock-shaft, and a push-up, i, connected with said rock-arm,
and interposed between it and the corresponding key. The rock-shafts, G¹, G²,
Gʻ, G³, H³, H and H³, respectively, have arms, K1, K2, K, K, L, L' and L³,
respectively, connected with them in a suitable manner, (as, for example, by
shrinking, so that they move with their respective rock-shafts, whenever said
rock-shafts are rocked by the keys with which they are connected. The rock-
arms, K¹ and K2, are connected by links, M₁ and M², respectively, with opposite
ends of a lever, M³; the rock-arms, L2 and L, respectively, are connected by
links, N2 and N', respectively, with opposite ends of a lever, N; and the rock-
arms, K and K³, respectively, are connected by links, M and M³, respectively,
with opposite ends of a lever, M. The lever, M³, is connected by a link, O, with
a lever, P the lever, No, is likewise connected with said lever, P, by a link, O¹.
The lever, M2, is connected by a link, O2, with the lever, P¹, whose upper end is
connected with the lower end of the lever, P, and whose lower end is connected
with the upper end of a similar lever, P. The link, N8, connected with the rock-
arm, L, is also connected with the lever, P. A link, O³, serves to connect the
lever, P2, with the arm, 12, of the rock-shaft, 11, whose other arm, 10, is connected
by the link, 9, with the segment, 7, by which the gear, 6, and type-wheel, 1, are
rotated. The levers, M³, No, M12 and P, respectively are supported and held in
their proper vertical positions by supporting levers, P4, P5, P and P', respectively.
Said supporting levers are centered or fulcrumed upon shoulder screws and are
pin-jointed to the parts which they support.
The modus operandi of the movement synthesizer illustrated in Figures 19B
and 19°, will require no description after the descriptions already given of other
movement synthesizer mechanism herein, further than to say that the various
stops, A2, A262, etc., are so adjusted that the keys, e¹, e, e, and e³, rotate the type-
form respectively one, two, four and eight letter-spaces in the one direction, while
the keys, E², E and E³, rotate it respectively two, four and eight letter-spaces
in the opposite direction; the key, e¹, serving to add one letter-space movement of
the type-wheel to that given by any of the keys, e³, e¹ and e³, or any combination
of them, and to subtract one letter-space from the movements imparted to the type-
wheel by any of the keys, E, E and Es, or any combination of the last mentioned
keys. The arrangement of movement synthesizer mechanism for the left-hand
keys is the same. The right-hand keys are connected with the type-form that
stands to the left and the left-hand keys with the type-form that stands to the
right. Each type-wheel carries thirty characters, being the twenty-six letters and
four marks of punctuation, (, ; : .), for the principal or right-hand-operated type-
wheel, and any convenient number, say fifteen, of the most frequently occurring
letters for the auxiliary or left-hand operated type-wheel, the figures and a few
marks of punctuation being also assigned to the left-hand operated type-form. It
would obviously be possible, (but very difficult, if not impracticable, on account of
the great movement of the type-wheel and the difficulty of controlling the same
with the necessary rapidity,) to furnish the principal type-form with a complete set
of characters, upper and lower case, letters, figures and marks of punctuation. It
would be necessary to add one or two elements to the movement synthesizer for
this purpose. This will be understood without further explanation. The type-
wheels lie close side by side, so as to print simultaneously at adjacent printing-
points, and are thrown in by the hammers, p and B, before described, (but omitted
in the details, Figures 19 and 194,) acting on the castings, 3, 3, in which the type-
wheel-shafts are mounted.
I do not recommend the device illustrated in Figures 19, 19, 19, 19, 190
and 19, to the public on account of the difficulty of adjusting the parts so
accurately as to secure a really perfect alignment, and the power required to move
the parts with rapidity. Nor do I consider the device illustrated by Figures, 18,
D

page_text: 18ª, 18º, 18°, 18º, 18", 18", 18 and 18%, as good as that illustrated in the
preceding figures and described in the body of the present Specification. I have
illustrated these modifications as possible modes of carrying out certain important
features of my invention; but it is to be understood that it is the preferred device
only, (the device first described herein,) that I recommend to the public.
My invention may be said briefly to relate most essentially (a) to the co-operating
printing mechanisms; (b) to the arrangement of keys whereby the co-operating
printing mechanisms are controlled; and (c) to the combining of the keys with
the type-forms by means of suitable type-form-positioning mechanism. Of each of
these briefly :
OF THE CO-OPERATING PRINTING MECHANISMS.
In connection with the arrangements for printing two letters at a time, I desire
to say:
First. The idea of printing two letters at time in a type-writing machine is not
new; nor is the idea of printing two letters at a time by means of two co-operating
printing mechanisms broadly new.
Second. The novelty of the present invention relates to the combinations of parts
or devices herein described and claimed for printing two letters at a time, and not
to the individual parts themselves.
Third. As the printing mechanisms for printing two letters simultaneously,
I prefer to use two co-operating type-forms, as illustrated in the drawings; and
the main point of my invention in so far as the co-operating printing mechanisms
themselves (considered alone and apart from the keys and parts connecting them
with the keys,) are concerned, relates to the use of a type-form having its
characters arranged in a plurality of rows synchronously-moving for the positioning
of the characters in combination with another suitable printing mechanism,
(preferably another type-form). The object of arranging the characters upon the
type-form in a plurality of short rows instead of in one single long row, is to reduce
the weight of the type-form, and also, (which is even more important,) to reduce
the distances through which the type-form must be moved to bring the desired
character into position for printing opposite the printing-point. The reduction in
the weight of the type-form, and more especially the reduction in the distances
through which it must be moved to bring the desired character to the printing-
point, resulting from the employment of a plurality of short rows instead of a single
long row, make it much easier to operate the machine rapidly; for much less force
is required to produce the necessary movements of the type-form, and the type-
form, being moved through shorter distances, is more easily arrested in the exact
position required for correct printing; so that greater ease of operation, greater
speed of operation, and more perfect alignment of the characters, naturally follow
the disposing of the characters upon the type-form in a plurality of short rows
instead of in one single long row.
Fourth. A type-form having its characters disposed in a plurality of rows
synchronously-moving for the positioning of the characters, (and by synchronously-
moving rows, I mean rows that move together and at the saine time, as distinguished
from rows which do not move together,) is not, it is to be understood, in itself new,
but is, in fact, well known in the art; and the novelty of the present invention in
this respect relates not to the use of such a type-form by itself alone, but to the
combination of such a type-form in a suitable manner with another suitable printing
mechanism, so that the two can co-operate to print consecutive letters at adjacent
printing-points simultaneously or substantially simultaneously. Absolute simul-
taneousness of action is, of course, not necessary.
Fifth. It is made clear hereinafter that as I use the words in this Specification,
"printing mechanism is a broader term than "type-form," including not only
type-forms (which are one kind of printing mechanism,) but including, also,
amongst other things, arrangements of type-bars and type-levers, not being type-

page_text: forms, but serving to print their characters at a common printing-point, which is,
indeed, the sort of printing mechanism most frequently used in practical type-writing
machines. With the type-form having its characters disposed in a plurality of rows,
I prefer to use, as the co-operating printing mechanism, another type-form, also
having its characters disposed in a plurality of rows. In other words, I prefer to
use with the principal type-form, as the auxiliary printing mechanism serving to
print a second letter at the same time and at an adjacent printing-point, a type-
form such, for instance, as that illustrated in Figure 17, having its characters
disposed in a plurality of rows. For I consider this combination of two co-operating
type-forms, each having its characters disposed in a plurality of rows, to be, every-
thing considered, much the best arrangement of co-operating printing mechanisms
for printing two letters simultaneously, that can be made; and it is the arrangement
that I recommend to the public; for by means of it the average movements of the
secondary type-form, as well as of the primary type-form, are reduced to a minimum.
It has already been made clear, however, in connection with Figures 18, 18, 18,
18, 18, 18, 18, 180 and 18", that a type-form having a single row of characters
might be used with another type-form having a plurality of rows, to print con-
secutive letters at adjacent printing-points simultaneously or substantially simul-
taneously. And in connection with Figures 19, 194, 19³, 19° and 19", it has been
made clear, I may say in passing, that two co-operating type-forms, each having its
characters disposed in a single row, might be used; which is indeed, so far as the
construction and arrangement of the type-forms themselves are concerned, the way
most frequently proposed for duplex printing. It should be understood, however,
(and this is the point which I desire to make clear in this paragraph,) that with the
type-form having its characters disposed in a plurality of rows might be used
another printing mechanism, which would not properly be a type-form. I refer to
this matter here, not because I recommend any such construction to the public, for
I do not recommend it, but I refer to it, so that it will be understood that such a
construction might be used. To make this matter clearer, let us suppose, for the
sake of an illustration, (a) that the auxiliary or left-hand-operated type-form
represented in the drawings is omitted; (b) that the principal or right-hand-
operated type-form represented in the drawings, is placed somewhat closer to the
surface to be printed, and with ample spaces left between its bars, levers, or type-
bearing sections, D, D¹, D2, D3, 'd', d², d³ and d', similar to the spaces left in
Figure 17 between the type-levers of the left-hand-operated type-form; and
(c) that a set of type-bars or type-levers, representing at least the more frequently-
occurring letters of the alphabet, are arranged around the arc of a circle, in some
convenient position, so that they all strike to a common printing center or printing-
point, said type-bars or type-levers last mentioned being suitably connected with
keys disposed in a position to be operated by the left hand, and the types of such
type-levers being arranged to pass to their printing-point through the spaces
between the bars or levers, D, D¹, D², D³, d', d², d³ and d, which spaces we have
supposed made for the purpose, the printing points of the two printing mechanisms
being adjacent to each other. It will be obvious, then, that a printing mechanism
not being properly a type-form as the word is used in this Specification, (or, it is
believed, as that word is generally understood in the art,) might be used in com-
bination with a type-form having its characters disposed in a plurality of rows, to
print consecutive letters at adjacent printing-points simultaneously or substantially
simultaneously.
Sixth. It has already been stated that I prefer to use two type-forms in the
carrying out of my invention, rather than to use one type-form in combination with
some other sort of printing mechanism not being a type-form; and also that I
prefer to furnish each of the two type-forms with a plurality of rows of characters.
More narrowly, in respect of mechanical construction, the sorts of type-forms that
1 prefer to use together are (a) a type-form lying in a position of proximity to the
surface to be printed and composed of type-bearing sections mounted in such a
manner that they move together as a type-form for the positioning of the characters,

page_text: r to use,
nove independently of each other to and from the printing-point for printing;
b) another type-form lying more remote from the surface to be printed than
type-form first mentioned, and composed in like manner of type-bearing
ons moving together as a type-form for the positioning of the characters, and
ng independently of each other to and from the printing-point for printing; the
bearing sections of the type-form lying nearer to the surface to be printed
disposed such a distance apart and with such spaces between them that type-
ng sections of the type-form lying more remote from the printing-point can
to the printing-point between the type-bearing sections of the type-form lying
er to the surface to be printed. And the sort of type-bearing sections that
is type-bearing levers, such as the levers marked D, D1, D2, D3, d¹, d³,
, P, P, and 2, in the drawings, having each a row of characters arranged
tudinally upon it. But I wish it to be understood that a great many modifi-
ns or variations may be made from the preferred arrangement of type-forms
rated in the drawings, without departing materially from some of the essential
s of my invention. Thus, to mention a few such modifications:
(a) While I prefer to use levers as the type-bearing sections before mentioned,
some other sort of type-bearing sections, not being levers but being mounted in
such a manner that they move together as a type-form for the positioning of
the characters, while being movable independently of each other to and from
the printing-point, might doubtless be used for one or perhaps even for both
of the type-forms. The term type-bearing section" then, it will be
understood, is a broader term than "type-bearing lever."
66
(b) The principal advantages resulting from constructing the type-forms of
type-bearing sections moving together as a type-form for the positioning of
the characters, and movable independently of each other to and from the
printing-point for printing are (a) the rows of characters belonging
respectively to the different type-bearing sections can be placed very close
together, at least on the type-form lying more remote from the surface to be
printed, so making a compact type-form requiring but little movement to
position it; (b) a type-form having its rows of characters arranged upon
such independently-movable type-bearing sections can co-operate readily
with another type-form lying between it and the surface to be printed
without becoming entangled with such inner-lying type-form; and (c) with
a type-form composed of type-bearing sections inovable independently of
each other to and from the printing-point, it is only necessary in printing a
letter to throw one single section of the type-form, (weighing but a small
fraction it may be, of the weight of the whole,) against the printing-point,
instead of throwing the whole type-form in; and as the type-bearing section
weighs so much less, it can be nioved in in less time, and will also clear the
path of the inner type-form more swiftly than the whole type-form, if moved
bodily, could do; so that, it will be seen, constructing the outer type-form,
(that is, the type-form lying more remote than the other type-form from the
surface to be printed,) of independently-movable type-bearing sections,
facilitates rapidity of working; and (d) by arranging the various rows of
characters each on a type-bearing section of its own, said type-bearing
sections being movable to and from the printing-point independently of each
other, all smutting and marking of one row through the ribbon and upon the
paper, when another row prints, is avoided, and it becomes possible to
arrange the various rows of characters in planes instead of in curves; for,
the rows being movable independently of each other for printing, it becomes
no longer necessary to rely on the convexity of the type-form, (which is
what is usually done with type-wheels type-segments and type-cylinders,) to
prevent the rows, adjacent to the row from which it is desired to print, from
marking.
ich are the main benefits resulting from constructing the type-form of type-
ing sections movable together as a type-form for the positioning of the

page_text: characters and movable independently of each other to and from the printing-point
for printing. And it will be obvious that the advantages resulting from con-
structing the outer type-form, (that is, the type-form lying more remote than the
other type-form from the surface to be printed,) of such type-bearing sections,
would not be lost if the inner type-form, (that is, the type-form lying nearest to
the surface to be printed,) were (a) a single type-furnished bar, such as the bar
marked P, in Figure 18", for example; or (b) a little wheel, like one of the type-
wheels illustrated in Figures 19 and 19, but smaller so as to lie conveniently
between the outer type-form and the surface to be printed; or (c) a plurality of
bars or ribs, joined firmly together or formed integral, and having characters
arranged upon them in rows facing the surface to be printed, the impression being
made not by impelling the type-form in against the paper, but by striking the
paper against such inner type-form with an impression-hammer, after a fashion or
manner well known in the art; the same hammer which serves to strike the
paper against such inner type-form being formed, we may suppose with a face of
sufficient breadth to support (or back-up) the paper against the blow of the type-
bearing section belonging to the outer type-form, when such section prints. These
possible modifications and variations are thus briefly referred to, not by way of
recommending them to the public, which I do not at all do, (for I consider them as
inferior every way to the preferred arrangement represented in the drawings and
hereinbefore fully described,) but so that it will be clearly understood that the
type-form composed of type-bearing sections mounted in such a manner that they
move together as a type-form for the positioning of the characters, while being
movable independently of each other to and from the printing-point, might well be
used with a type-form different from that illustrated in the drawings, and not
necessarily having its characters arranged in a plurality of rows, or if arranged in
a plurality of rows, not necessarily having those rows formed upon type-bearing
sections movable independently of each other.
Seventh. It has been made clear that the feature of constructing the outer type-
form of a plurality of type-bearing sections moving together as a type-form for the
positioning of the characters, and movable independently of each other to and
from the printing-point for printing, might be used, (and well used, so far as the
outer type-form itself is concerned,) with another type-form, not having its
characters arranged in a plurality of rows, or, if having its characters arranged in
a plurality of rows, not having such rows formed upon different type-bearing
sections. On the other hand, it will be readily understood from what has been
before said, that the inner type-form, (that is the type-form lying intermediate the
other printing mechanism and the surface to be printed,) or to use another
expression, the type-form lying in a position of proximity to the surface to be
printed, having its characters arranged in a plurality of rows disposed with suitable
spaces between them, might be used in combination with another suitable
printing mechanism lying more remote from the surface to be printed, which
more-remote-lying printing mechanism would not necessarily be a type-form, or
which, if a type-form, would not necessarily be composed of type-bearing sections
movable independently of each other to and from the printing-point for printing.
For it will be obvious that with such a type-form as that illustrated in
Figure 17, having its characters arranged in a plurality of parallel rows, with
ample free spaces left between those rows, or indeed, with any such type-form,
having such rows with such free spaces between them, and whether the rows
are formed upon independently-movable type-bearing sections or not, (a) a type
forin might be used lying more remote from the surface to be printed, and
having its characters arranged in a single row, such for instance, as one of the
type-wheels illustrated in Figures 19 and 19*; or (b) it would be possible (though
not, it is thought, by any means so advantageous,) to use as such more-remote-
lying printing mechanism, a number of separate type-bars or type-levers,
arranged around the arc of a circle in such a manner that they all strike to a
common center, their types being advanced to such center or printing-point

page_text: between the rows of the type-form lying nearer to the surface to be printed.
These modifications are referred to thus briefly here, not by way of recom-
mending them to the public. which I do not at all do, but in order that it may
be clearly understood that the feature of an inner type-form, or type-form lying
in a position of proximity to the surface to be printed, and having its characters
disposed in a plurality of rows, with suitable free spaces left between those rows,
might be used with some advantage, whether greater or less, in combination with
a co-operating type-form very different from the co-operating type-form illustrated
in combination with it in the drawings; or might indeed be used with a
printing mechanism, lying more remote from the surface to be printed, the two
printing mechanisms co-operating to print consecutive letters at adjacent printing-
point simultaneously or substantially simultaneously, and the more-remote-lying
printing mechanism not being necessarily a type-form.
Eighth. While I prefer, as before stated, to make the type-form lying proximate
to the surface to be printed with its characters arranged in a plurality of rows,
disposed with suitable spaces between them, and to make the type-form lying
more remote from the surface to be printed of type-bearing sections lying close
together, mounted in such a manner that they move together for the positioning of
the characters, and movable independently of each other to and from the printing-
point for printing, and while I consider this by all means the best mode of
arranging the two co-operating printing mechanisms; yet it is to be understood
that neither this particular construction of the one type-form or of the other is
indispensable to the carrying out of some important features of my invention, and
in particular, not indispensable even to the working of a type-form having its
characters disposed in a plurality of rows in combination with another type-form,
etc. The modification illustrated in Figures 18 and 18 will serve as a convenient
illustration of one arrangement of two co-operating type-forms, one (the outer
cylindrical type-form in the drawing,) having its characters disposed in a plurality
of rows placed such a distance apart and with such spaces between them that they
admit between them characters belonging to the other type-form, neither one of
these type-forms being constructed according to the preferred mode above referred
to. And it will be seen on referring to Figures 18 and 18 that the outer type-
form composed of type-carriers, d, d, etc., attached to the central bar or body, d,
could be used in combination with an inner type-form having a plurality of rows of
characters, by placing the rows of the inner type-form a sufficient distance apart.
From which it will be seen that the feature of two co-operating type-forms each
having its characters arranged in a plurality of rows, does not necessarily involve
the making of the outer type-form of independently-movable type-bearing
sections; though it is to be understood also, as before said, that the type-form
composed of such type-bearing sections is the one which I consider as, on the
whole, best.
Ninth. I have spoken of inner and outer type-forms heretofore; and in all the
devices hereinbefore described for printing two letters simultaneously by means of
co-operating type-forms one of which is furnished with a plurality of rows of
characters, one of the type-forms has been placed intermediate the other type-
form and the surface to be printed. It might therefore be inferred that it was
indispensable to place one of the type-forms intermediate the other and the
printing-point, if a multi-rowed type-form was to be used. That is not, however,
the case.
I have, in fact, contrived a number of devices for duplex printing in
which one of the type-forms is provided with a plurality of rows of characters,
and in which both of the type-forms stand side by side (as distinguished from
standing one between the other and the surface to be printed). I shall refer
briefly to some of these devices, in order to illustrate more clearly this matter of
printing two letters simultaneously at adjacent printing points by means of two
co-operating type-forms, one of which is furnished with a plurality of rows of
characters. Figure 37, which is a diagrammatic top view, will serve to illustrate
one device in which the co-operating type-forms stand side by side, one of them

page_text: being furnished with a plurality of rows of characters. In this figure there are-
to type-forms, marked 22 and 23 respectively, the first of which is a cylinder
having a plurality of circumferential rows of characters formed upon it, the most
frequently occurring characters being placed in the row proximate to the other
type-form, 23, which is a wheel, having a single row of characters formed проп it
around its periphery. The type-cylinder, 22, is attached fast in any suitable.
manner to a shaft, 24; and the type-wheel, 23, is attached fast to a sleeve, 25,.
which sleeve turns loosely upon the shaft, 24. One end of the sleeve, 25, abuts
against the type-cylinder, 22, and the other end of said sleeve abuts against a.
collar, marked 26, in the drawing, so that any longitudinal displacement of said
sleeve is avoided. A spur-gear, 27, having a wide face, is attached fast to the
shaft, 24; and a similar gear, 28, is attached fast to the sleeve, 25. The gear 27,
serves for rotating the type-cylinder 22, and the gear 28, serves for rotating the
type-wheel, 23. A teeth-furnished segment, 29, engages with the gear, 27; and a.
similar teeth-furnished segment, 30, engages with the gear. 28. The arrangement
of the gears, 27 and 28, with relation to their respective teeth-furnished
segments, 29 and 30, is similar to that of the gear, 6, and segment, 7, seen in
side elevation in Figure 19. A casting having a bottom or foundation-part, 31,.
and upward-extending columns, 32, 33, 34 and 35, serves to support the varion;
parts. The shaft, 24, passes through the top of the column, 32, and the sleeve, 25,.
(which, as we have already seen, loosely encircles the shaft, 24,) passes through
the top of the column, 33. A rod, 36, is supported by the columns, 34 and 35.
and serves itself as a center or axle-rod on which the teeth-furnished
segments 29 and 30, are mounted. Collars, marked 37, 38 and 39, respectively,.
serve to prevent displacement of the segments, 29 and 30, on their axle-
rod, 36.
The said teeth-furnished segments, 29 and 30, are connected by
links, 9, 9, (the tops only of which are seen in Figure 37,) with
arms, 10, 10, lying vertically below them, and connected fast respectively to rock-
shafts, 11, 11. The general arrangement of one of the segments, 29 or 30, in
Figure 37, with its link, 9, rock-arm, 10, and rock-shaft, 11, is similar to that of
the segment, 7, liuk, 9, arm, 10, and link, 11, shown in side elevation in Figure 19*;
and the rock-shafts, 11, 11, serve to connect the type-forms, 22 and 23, in Figure 37,
with suitable type-form-rotating mechanism and operating keys, such for instance
as those illustrated in Figures 19B, 19, and 19", hereinbefore described; so that a
rotatory movement is given to the type-cylinder, 22, by one set or group of keys,.
and an independent rotatory movement is given to the type-wheel, 23, by another set
or group of keys. So it will be understood, the various characters of the two
type-forms are rotated to the level of the printing-line. The shaft, 24, slides freely
longitudinally in its bearing in the column, 32, aud the sleeve, 25, (which encircles
the shaft, 24, and moves longitudinally with it, while rotating independently of it,).
in like manner, slides freely longitudinally in its bearing in the column, 33. A
link, 40, having one end enlarged and U-shaped as shown in the drawing, is con--
nected with the collar, 26, by means of pins 41, 41, set fast in the collar, 26; and
said link serves to connect the shaft, 24, with any suitable type-form positioning
mechanism, and to impart movement from such type-form-positioning mechanism
to the shaft, 24, type-cylinder, 22, sleeve, 25, and type-wheel, 23, and to bring
the different circumferential rows of characters belonging to the cylinder, 22,.
opposite the printing-point. The sheet of paper to be printed, seen edge on, is.
marked 42, and the impression hammers (the tops of which only are seen, the
bodies being broken away,) are marked 13 and 44, respectively, the first of which
serves to press the paper against the particular character of the type-cylinder, 22,
lying opposite the printing-point, while the second one, 44, serves in like manner
to press the paper against whatever character on the type-wheel, 23, lies opposite
the printing-point belonging to such wheel. The two hammers, of course, it is to he
understood act independently of each other, each acting only when the keys.
corresponding to its type-form are depressed. The details of construction of the
impression-hammers, of the travelling paper-carriage by which the sheet of paper, 41,.

page_text: is held in a suitable position for printing and fed along as the work advances, an
of the type-form-positioning mechanisms, I shall not further describe or advert
to, because in the first place, a number of arrangements of impression-hammers
and paper-carriages of the kind required have been patented and are known in the
art, and because, more especially, as I do not recommend this modification to
the public, (not considering it so good an arrangement as the preferred construction
hereinbefore fully described, and because further the arrangement of positioning
mechanism etc., is merely collateral to the arrangement of the type-forms, (which
latter is the only thing that I seek to illustrate by Figure 37,) I do not wish to
burden this Specification with a description of such collateral matters as the
arrangement of the impression hammers, travelling paper-carriage and type-form-
positioning mechanism.
It will be seen from Figure 37, that two co-operating type-forms may be used to
print simultaneously at adjacent printing-points, one of said type-forms having its
characters disposed in a plurality of rows, neither one of the type-forms being
placed intermediate the other and the surface to be printed, but the two standing
side by side. It will be seen, however, that with each of the two type-forms
printing its characters always at its own proper printing-point, only the row of
characters on the principal type-form, 22, lying next to the auxiliary type-form, 23,
can print at the same time with the auxiliary type-form; for of necessity, the
same motion which brings any other row of characters of the type-form 22, into
position opposite the printing-point of such type-form, 22, moves the type-wheel, 23,
away from its proper printing-point, and so throws it, for the time being out of
action; so that either (a) a great many characters, constituting practically a
complete alphabet, must be placed in a single circumferential row, so requiring
large movements of the type-form for the positioning of the characters, or (b) it
less than a complete alphabet of characters is placed in the circumferential row of
the type-form, 22, lying nearest to the type-form, 23, only the characters placed in
such row next to the type-form, 23, can print at the same time with a following-
letter from the type-form, 23. And this is the weak point of the device illustrated
in Figure 37. It is not, however, practically by any means so serious a
disadvantage as it might, at first seem; for upon a careful computation it will be
found, it is believed, that say the fifteen most-frequently occurring-letters of the
alphabet, (say, for instance, a, d, e, g, h, i, l, m, n, o, r, s, t, u, and y,) make more
than nine-tenths of the letters that occur on an ordinary printed page.
Another arrangement of co-operating type-forms standing side by side (and not
one inside the other,) and an arrangement which overcomes the difficulty above
mentioned in connection with Figure 37, is illustrated in Figures 38, 384, 38
and 38, of which Figure 38 is a diagrammatic top view, Figure 38^, a diagram-
matic rear elevation, partly in section. Figure 38B a detail sectional elevation, and
Figure 38, a detail cross section on the line, x, x, in the preceding figure. A
polygonal type-sleeve, 51, having a row of characters formed upon each of its
faces, is mounted upon a shaft, 52. The shaft, 52, is made square in cross section
for a considerable portion of its length, to fit the interior of a sleeve, 54, in which
the shaft, 52, moves up and down, and with which said shaft rotates or at least,
moves angularly. Said sleeve, 54, is itself rotatably mounted in a casting, 55, in
which casting the sleeve, 54, turns freely; the casting, 55, being itself attached
fast to a shaft, 56, which is journalled in a casting, 57. By this means, it will be
seen, the type-sleeve, 51, shaft, 52, and sleeve, 54, are all left free to tilt to and
from the cylinder, 63, (which it will be remembered, is the paper-roll, or platen, of
the travelling paper carriage,) for printing. The sleeve, 54, has a toothed portion,
in effect a gear, lying immediately below the casting, 55; and a collar, 58, is
attached fast to the sleeve, 54, in a suitable manuer, immediately above the top of
the casting, 55, which prevents displacement of the sleeve, 104, in the direction
of its longitudinal axis. A toothed segment, 59, mounted upon a center, 60,
engages with the teeth formed upon the lower part of the sleeve, 54, and serves to
rotate said sleeve, and with the sleeve, the shaft, 52, lying inside it and the

page_text: type-sleeve, 51, attached to the shaft, 52; and for this purpose, the toothed
segment, 59, is connected by a link, h, with the arm, h8, of the shaft, h', whose
other arm, h, is connected by the link, h, with the lever, ht, of the movement
synthesizer or movement combining mechanism herein before described and
illustrated particularly in Figures 4 and 4^; none of the parts, except the link, h,
however, being seen in Figures 38, 38, 38B and 38°. Thus the type-sleeve is
rotated. On the lower part of the shaft, 52, which is round in cross-section
below, are fixed two collars, 61 and 62, and between these is a loose collar, 64,
which can turn on the shaft, 52, (or to speak more exactly, in which the shaft, 52,
can turn,) but which moves up and down with the shaft. A link, 65, is connected
at its upper end, with the collar, 64, by means of pins, 66, 66, set fast in the
collar; and the lower end of said link is connected with the lever, d, whose
arm, (not seen in the drawing,) is connected with the lever, o*, belonging to
the vertical type-form-positioning device illustrated in Figures 4 and 8, and
hereinbefore fully described. Thus the type-sleeve is moved up and down to bring
its various characters opposite the printing-point. And it will be observed that
the arrangement of all the parts is such that the various keys of the right-hand
set move this type-sleeve, 51, vertically in the same way that they move the
type-form composed of type-bearing levers, D, D¹, D³, D³, d¹, d², d³ and d,
vertically; and said right-hand keys move the type-sleeve, 51, rotatively, in the
same way that they move the type-form composed of type-levers, D, D1, D2, D3,
d', d², d³ and d, laterally. The arm, 67, attached fast to the shaft, 56, may be
suitably connected with the frame lying underneath the right hand set of keys,
and formed of parts marked, P2 and P3, (see Figures 5 and 15,) so that it will
throw the type-sleeve, 51, in against the platen, 68, when such frame is pressed
upon by any of the right-hand keys; or an impression hammer similar to the
hammer, p, might be used to strike the type-sleeve, 51, in against the printing-point.
The arrangement of the type-wheel, 1, type-wheel-shaft, 2, and connecting
mechanism, in the device illustrated in Figure 38, are the same as that of the type-
wheel, 1, type-wheel-shaft, 2, and connecting mechanism illustrated in Figures 19,
19A, 19, 19 and 19", and bereinbefore fully described. The two type-wheels, 51,
and 1, it will be seen, print at adjacent printing-points.
By the device of Figure 38, all the rows of the type-sleeve, 51, it will be seen,
can print, each in its turn, simultaneously with the row of characters formed upon
the type-wheel, 1, and so the difficulty pointed out in connection with Figure 37,
does not belong, it will be seen, to the device of Figure 38; but on the other hand,
as a glance at Figure 38 will show, the printing-points of the type-sleeve, 51, and
the type-wheel, 1, are necessarily apart a distance somewhat more than one-half
the diameter of the type-sleeve, 51. This spreads the characters apart in printing
more than is usual, and more, indeed, much more than is desirable for ordinary
work. By the type-sleeve illustrated in Figures 39 and 394, (which are diagram-
matic views corresponding respectively with Figures 38 and 384,) which has but
four sides or faces and has the characters formed on each face as shown in the
drawing so that when a face fronts the printing-point, its characters stand very
close to the co-operating type-form, 1, this difficulty is reduced to a minimum;
but at the expense of making the type-sleeve very long, if it is furnished with a
complete set of small letters, capitals, figures and punctuations.
I have thus gone into this matter of the various constructions of co-operating
printing mechanisms, one at least being a type-form having its characters arranged
in a plurality of rows, that may be used, at some length, so that, on the one hand,
the public may have the full benefit of my invention in this particular, and so that,
on the other hand, I may be fully protected in it. But I wish it to be borne in
mind always, (as has been said before in this Specification,) that it is the preferred
construction of co-operating type-forms first described in this Specification and
illustrated particularly in Figures 16 and 17, that I prefer, on the whole, to use;
and that that is the only form that I would recommend to the public. The
alternative constructions, may, however, have some merits peculiar to themselves,
E

page_text: adapting them for use in particular situations, or in connection with different
constructions of type-form-positioning mechanism, or of impression mechanism..
However this may be, I have thought it proper to illustrate and describe
them, such as they are, and for what they may be worth, making it clear
that they are not the construction that I consider best, and leaving the
rest to the judgement of those who may have occasion to use them.
IN REGARD TO THE ARRANGEMENT OF THE KEYS WHEREBY THE
CO-OPERATING PRINTING MECHANISMS ARE CONTROLLED.
Type-writing machines having co-operating printing mechanisms intended to
print successive letters of a word at adjacent printing-points simultaneously, are, as
a rule provided with keys, or something similar to keys, for controlling each of the
co-operating printing devices. The arrangement of these keys is a matter of great
importance; for the sole purpose of using co-operating printing mechanisms,
printing successive letters of a word simultaneously, instead of using a printing
mechanism printing letters one at a time only, is to increase to the rapidity of
printing; and the rapidity of operating, it will be readily understood, depends in
no small degree upon the way in which the keys are arranged. A number of
different arrangements of keys have been proposed for machines having co-operating
printing mechanisms. By some of these arrangements, all the keys belonging to a
single type-form, (that is all the keys of one set,) are placed one above or behind
another. By another arrangement, all the keys serving to control one type-form
or other printing mechanism (type-levers or whatever it may be,) are intimately
intermingled with all the keys serving to control the other type-form, (or other
printing mechanism, whatever it may be,) so as to bring the keys of one printing
mechanism printing the different letters, a, b, c, d, etc., into juxtaposition each with
the key printing the same letter from the other printing mechanism, so that all
the a-keys are brought together, all the b-keys, all the c-keys, all the d-keys, etc.
By thus bringing all the keys of a kind into juxtaposition, and furnishing a separate
key or key-section for cach separate character, the learning of the key-board is
made easy. With a key-board thus arranged, however, the first of two
sinultaneously-printed letters printed sometimes by the right hand, sometimes by
the left hand and sometimes both of two simultaneously-printed letters are printed
by the right hand, and sometimes both are printed by the left hand. The
arrangement of keys figured in the drawings, it will be seen, (see particularly
Figures 1, 4 and 5,) differs from the plan of arrangement first mentioned, in that it
extends the keys of each set from right to left in front of the operator (instead of
placing the keys of a set one behind the other ;) and it differs from the second
of the plans of arrangement above mentioned in that it disregards the principle of
arrangement above referred to by which the keys of one set are intermingled with
the keys of another set, so that all the keys that print a are brought together, all
the keys that print b, all the keys that print c, all the keys that print d, etc. and
divides the keys into two different groups or sets, one set being disposed in a
position to be operated by the right hand, the other set being placed to the left of
the first mentioned and disposed in a position to be operated by the left hand, one
of the two co-operating printing mechanisms being connected with and controlled
by the right hand set of keys, the other printing mechanism being connected with
and controlled by the left hand set of keys, the two printing mechanisms mentioned
co-operating to print consecutive letters at adjacent printing-points simultaneously;
and the whole being arranged in such a manner that the first of the two letters to
be printed simultaneously is determined regularly by one particular hand, (the
right hand, as the parts are shown in the drawings,) the second letter being
determined regularly by the other hand. The object of thus arranging the keys
and the advantage resulting from such an arrangement, is that it greatly simplifies
the mental operations. One side of the brain and the nerves and fingers controlled
thereby soon learn to perform the operations nervous and muscular required for
printing the first of the two letters, and the other side of the brain and the nerves

page_text: and fingers controlled by such side learn to produce the second letter; and the two
work more harmoniously, more rapidly and with less liability to error than when
the printing is mixed up in this respect and the first letter and the second letter
each printed indiscriminately now by the right hand, now by the left hand, some-
times both by the right hand, sometimes both by the left hand, as has been done in
most (if not all) type-writing machines intended to print successive letters
simultaneously by co-operating printing mechanisms, heretofore. In other words,
the arrangement of the keys, in the drawings, in right-hand and left-hand sets, and
the arrangement of the rest of the machine in harmony therewith, is intended to
adapt the machine, as far as possible, to the anatomy of man, an animal having a
brain largely in duplex on opposite sides, and having two hands, each controlled
by one of the sides of the brain.
In connection with this peculiar arrangement of the keys, I wish to say that:
First. It is to be understood that the mere idea of one set of keys for the right
hand and another set of keys for the left hand, each operating its own printing
mechanism, is not broadly new. Such an arrangement has long been used in a
number of so-called stenographic machines or short-hand type-writers, writing
arbitrary characters according to stenographic systems, or writing Roman characters
in an arbitrary manner, and according to the peculiar rules of the system (as
distinguished from the ordinary representation of words by letters in the English
language;) and it has also been proposed for printing-telegraphs, the right-hand
and left-hand keys being connected with the corresponding type-wheels at the
receiving station by means of a variety of electro-magnetic and other devices.
I am not aware however, that it has ever been used in any type-writing machine
properly so-called, or in any machine capable of printing ordinary words in a line
from left to right in the ordinary manner so as to make a page of ordinary printed
or type-written matter; or in a word, in any machine capable of doing the work
which a type-writing machine ordinarily does. However this may be, it is to be
understood that the novelty of the present invention, in this particular, does not
relate to the right-hand and left-hand keys in and by themselves alone; but rather
to the combination of such sets of keys with suitable co-operating printing
mechanisms, as hereinbefore fully described and as hereinafter claimed.
Second. While I prefer to place the right-hand and left-hand groups of keys
some distance apart, as illustrated in the drawings, in order to bring the hands such
a distance apart as will be most comfortable for the operator, the two sets or
groups of keys may, if desired, be brought into close juxtaposition.
Third. While I consider this arrangement of the keys in right-hand and left-hand
sets, etc., of great importance in the carrying out of my invention, as tending to
increase the speed and ease of operation; yet it is to be understood that the other
important features of the invention, or at least most of them, might be carried out
without this feature.
THE MEANS BY WHICH THE OPERATING KEYS ARE CONNECTED WITH THE
TYPE-FORMS.
An important element of the mechanism herein before described and of some of
the combinations hereinafter claimed, is the movement-combining type-form-
positioning mechanism intermediate the keys and the type-forms. The great
importance of using such mechanism, at least if it be of the particular variety
illustrated in the drawings, is that (a) it furnishes a simple and convenient means
of readily positioning the type-form; (b) it permits of what may be called, to
borrow a term from the language used in connection with key-board musical
instruments, a legato or connected sort of touch, as distinguished from the staccato
or marcato touch, more it is believed, than any other sort of type-form-positioning
mechanism; and this matter of a connected or legato touch is one of much greater
importance, it is thought, in a device that writes a plurality of letters simultaneously,
and in which the keys are few and lie close together, than in an ordinary type-

page_text: writing machine, having many keys, and requiring in consequence considerable
travel of the hands from point to point, as the various letters are printed, and
printing but a single letter at a time; and finally, which is much the most
important of all, (c) it greatly reduces the number of keys necessary to be used,
and so the size of the key-board and the travel of the hands over it; and makes it
easily possible for the operator, when once he has well mastered the key-board, to
write without looking at the keys, and to keep his eyes constantly on his copy, ᎥᏝ
he is engaged in copying. These are matters of great importance. The gain of
speed which it would be expected would follow from writing two letters
simultaneously, must be, of necessity in a large measure lost, if separate keys are
employed for each letter of two printing mechanisms. For, in the first place, the
great increase in the number of keys resulting from having a plurality of sets
instead of a single set, requires a closer watching on the part of the operator to
find the keys to be struck; and in the second place, as the key-board is necessarily
larger, it requires a larger travel of the fingers from key to key, as the various
letters are printed; and thirdly, which results from the two preceding, the large
size of the key-board consequent upon having an individual key for each letter of
each set, or at least for the lower-case letters of each set, and the larger travel of
the hands necessitated thereby make it more difficult for the operator to find and
strike at the same instant the two keys to be struck simultaneously. But by
furnishing the type-form with a plurality of rows of characters, and using one
device controlled by a small number of keys for positioning it in one arc or plane
and another device likewise connected with and controlled by another small number
of keys for positioning it in the other are or plane in which it must be moved for
the positioning of its various characters, and particularly by using movement-
combining type-form positioning mechanism for positioning the type-form in one or
hoth of the arcs or planes in which it must be moved to bring its various characters
opposite a common printing-point, a small number of keys is made to serve for a
great number of characters. As far as the mathematical possibilities of the
matter are concerned, six keys may be made thus to serve for sixty-four characters;
and in the preferred arrangement for the principal type-form illustrated in the
drawings, ten keys, (e, e¹, e², e³, E, e, Es, es, E and e,) of which two (E" and e,) are
duplicates of each other and might properly be made as one, are made to serve for
sixty-three characters. This great reduction in the number of keys reduces in a
corresponding degree the travel of the hand or fingers from key to key. In fact,
the hand as a whole, has very little motion, in the arrangement represented in the
drawings, the thumb and the three stronger fingers each operating two or three
keys only, over which it lies, and each key being operated always by the same
finger. This feature of construction, taken with the other feature before mentioned
of one set or group of keys for the right hand, serving to print always, say the
first of the letters to be printed simultaneously, and another set of keys for the left
hand, serving always to print the other of the two letters to be printed
simultaneously, make it a very simple and easy matter, after a reasonable amount
of practice, to write two letters simultaneously with a degree of rapidity which
would not, it is thought, be possible, if the common construction of type-writing
machines were followed, by which a separate key is provided for each character,
(or more exactly speaking, a separate key for each letter of the alphabet, since in
many type-writing machines, by means of a shift, the same key that prints a letter
lower-case is made to print it upper-case also).
It should be understood, however, that this feature of movement combining
type-form-positioning mechanism, or of a few keys controlling a large number of
characters, is not new, in and by itself alone. A full description of movement
synthesizer or movement-combining mechanism very similar to that illustrated herein
can be found in the United States Patent to Cahill, No. 502,700, dated August 8,
1893. And there have been other and different forms of movement-combining
mechanism proposed. The novelty, then, of the present invention, in this regard,
it will be understood, relates not to the movement-combining type-form-positioning

page_text: mechanism, considered in and by itself alone, but to the combination of such
mechanism with other mechanism so as to make a practically operative and useful
machine, writing consecutive letters simultaneously at adjacent printing-points,
from co-operating printing mechanisms.
It is to be understood, however, that while I prefer to use movement combining
type-form-positioning mechanism of the kind illustrated in the drawings aud
liereinbefore described (a) other forms of movement-combining type-form-positioning
mechanism might be used instead of that illustrated in the drawings, and (b) other
forms of type-form-positioning mechanism, not being movement-combining
mechanism, might be used, if desired, instead of one or more of the movement-
combining arrangements herein before illustrated and described. Movement-
combining type-form positioning mechanism might be used to position one of the
type-forms in one arc or plane, and some other sort of type-form-positioning
mechanism to position it in the other of the arcs or planes in which it is moved for
the positioning of its characters; one type-form might be positioned in one arc or
plane or in both by movement-combining type-form-positioning mechanism, while
the other type-form was positioned by mechanism which was not movement-
combining; or both type-forms might be positioned entirely by positioning
mechanism not being movement-combining mechanism. All this will be readily
understood by those who are familiar with the various type-form positioning
arrangements known in the art. A multitude of such devices have been patented.
I wish it to be understood, then, that while I prefer to use movement-combining
type-form-positioning mechanism in the carrying out of my invention, some features
of my invention, and particularly with reference to the various combinations of
co-operating type-forms hereinbefore described, might be carried out without the
use of movement-combining type-form-positioning mechanism.
By a "type-writer" as used in this Specification, I mean a type-writing machine.
The two terms are used synonymously; and the word type-writer is always used
herein as referring to the machine itself and never as referring to the person by
whom the machine is operated.
י,
A type-form is an element of much of the mechanism herein before described,
ard of many of the combinations hereinafter claimed. By the term "type-form,"
as used in this Specification, is meant the body that carries the type, whether that
body be formed integral in one part, (see, for example, Figures 18", 19, 37, 38,
384, 39 and 39) or be formed sectional of many parts, (see Figures 16, 17 18
and 184). The preferred type-form, it will be remembered is composed of type-
bearing sections movable independently of each other to and from the printing-point
for printing. It is difficult to give the word "type-form an exact definition ;
for a great variety of type-forms, differing very much among themselves, are known
in the art. Some are integral, consisting of a cylinder, or a wheel, or a sleeve, or
a plate, or a segment, or other single part, on which all the characters are formed.
Others are sectional, consisting of a plurality of parts, each having characters
formed upon or attached to it, and all moving together and only together for the
positioning of the characters, but the several parts, in some cases, having independent
motions for printing; while still other type-forms consist of a plurality of parts,
each furnished with characters, all the parts having one movement or two movements
together for the positioning of the type-form as a whole, and each of the parts
having also a motion peculiar to itself for the positioning of its own characters,
and in some cases having also an independent motion for printing them. In still
other type-forms, there are a plurality of parts each furnished with a single
character and all moving together as a type-form for the positioning of the
characters, while each is movalle independently of the others to and from the
printing-point for printing. A great variety, indeed, of type-forms have been
patented and are known in the art. Different as they are among themselves, they
are all type-forms and form a class of machines separate and distinct from the
so-called type-lever or type-bar machines in common use, though the type-levers of
type-lever machines frequently carry two or even sometimes more characters, and

page_text: have sometimes been proposed with one or more motions of the levers in common
for positioning their characters. It is difficult to draw, a hard and fast line in
word, between type-forms, which may be constructed of levers as in Figures 16
and 17, and type-levers or type-bars not being type-forms, which shall be correct
for all cases; but in practice it is not so difficult to distinguish them. The essential
difference would seem to be that in a type-form machine, the change from character
to character is made mainly by changing the position of the type-form, although,
indeed, the successive letters may be printed frequently from different type-levers
or type-bars; while in a type-lever machine or type-bar machine, the transition
from character to character is made, in general, by bringing different type-levers or
type-bars into action, although, indeed, different characters may be at times printed
from the same type-lever or type-bar. In the case of a type-form, the main thing
in determining the character to be printed is the position into which the type-form
is moved with relation to the printing-point, while in a type-lever or type-bar
machine, the main thing is what type-lever or type-bar shall be vibrated. There
is also generally another material difference, in that in a type-bar machine or a
type-lever machine, the fulcrums or centers of the various type-bars are, if not
absolutely fixed, generally at rest during the operating of the machine, while in
the case of the type-form composed of type-levers, the levers and their fulera are
commonly moved bodily. As I have before said, it is well nigh impossible to frame
a definition that shall be correct for all cases; but from what has been said, what
I mean by the word "type-form," will, I trust, be understood; and at all events,
it will be understood that I use the word "type-form" in contradistinction to the
well known arrangement of type-levers disposed around an arc or a circle so that
they strike to a common center, which is in well-nigh universal use.
Such an
arrangement of type-levers is, indeed, a kind of printing mechanism, but it is not a
type-form, as I use the word in this Specification.
Printing mechanism is a term frequently used in this Specification and in the
statement of claim at the end hereof. By "printing mechanism," I mean the
part or parts furnished with characters, and from which the printing takes place.
A type-form is one sort of printing mechanism. A collection of type-levers
arranged around an arc, so that they strike to a common printing-point, is another
kind of printing mechanism, and one in very common use in type-writing machines.
And there are still other kinds of printing mechanism known in the art; for
example, thrust-bars and plungers, furnished with type at their ends. Printing
mechanism is a broader term than type-form, it will be seen, and includes other
devices (such as those above named,) as well as type-forms. Printing mechanism
is a more generic term, while type-form is a narrower and more specific term.
has already been made clear that in the carrying out of my invention I prefer to
use, as the two co-operating printing mechanisms, two type-forms. It has also
been made clear, however, that other printing mechanism than a type-form might
be used instead of one type-form in combination with the other type-form, in the
carrying out of my invention. And it is because of this fact that the larger term,
printing mechanism," is used as it is in many of the paragraphs of claim.
66
It
By positioning the type-form," I mean moving the type-form for the purpose
of bringing its characters into position opposite the printing-point for printing.
By type-form-positioning mechanism," I mean the mechanism, devices or parts
intermediate the keys and the type-form, whereby the type-form is moved to bring
its characters into position for printing. It will be observed, on a reference to the
drawings, (see particularly Figures 4, 7 and 8,) that two distinct devices are used
for positioning each of the preferred type-forms illustrated in Figures 16 and 17,
to-wit, one device for each type-form for positioning it vertically and another and
similar device for positioning it laterally; and each of the devices used is a
movement-combining type-form-positioning device. I consider such an arrangement
to be the best; for movement-combining type-form positioning mechanism bas
certain peculiar advantages for a machine like this, which are explained more fully
hereinafter but
3
should be borne in mind that a great variety of other type-form

page_text: positioning devices are known in the art, some of which it would doubtless be
possible to use instead of the movement-combining devices illustrated in the
drawings, the keys and connecting parts being, of course, suitably modified.
By movement-combining type-form-positioning mechanism, I mean type-forni-
positioning mechanism by which different movements in the same are or plane are
given to the type-form when certain keys connected therewith are depressed
separately and other different movements when such keys are depressed together
in various combinations-mechanism whereby the movement of the type-form
resulting from the depressing of one key is added, so to speak, (and preferably
added, as in the devices illustrated in the drawings, either positively or negatively,
as the case may be,) to the movement in the same are or plane resulting from the
depressing of another key, or of other keys, so that a small number of keys is made-
to serve for a large number of different movements. The devices which have been-
termed movement synthesizers and movement synthesizer mechanism hereinbefore,.
are one kind of movement-combining type-form-positioning mechanism, and the
best kind, in my opinion, that there is; but other sorts have been proposed and
might, perhaps, be used.
66
By positive-and-negative movement - combining type-form-positioning
mechanism," as the term is used in this Specification, and in the statement of claim
at the end hereof, I mean movement-combining type-form-positioning one or more
of the elements of which tend to move the type-form in one direction, or positively,
and one or more of the elements of which tend to move the type-form in the
opposite direction or negatively. To illustrate this matter by Figure 4; of the
movement-combining device that moves the principal type-form laterally, the rock-
arm,, and link, gl, may be considered as one element; the rock-lever, 12, and
link, y, as another clement; and the rock-lever, 4, and link, g', as a third element;
while the levers, and h, are parts common to all the elements, connecting them
with each other and with the type-form. Now it will be seen that both the rock-
arm, f, and link, g', constituting the first element, and the rock-lever, 2, and
link, g, constituting the second element, serve to move the type-form in the
direction of the arrow, which we may call positively, while the third element,
formed of the rock-lever, f, and link, g, moves the type-form in a direction
contrary to that of the arrow, which for distinction's sake, we may term
Degatively.
Linked movement-combining type-form-positioning mechanism is a term used
in this Specification hereinafter and particularly in the statement of claim at
the end hereof. By this term, "linked movement-combining type-form-positioning
mechanism," I mean movement-combining type-form-positioning mechanism the
essential parts of which are connected with each other and with the type-form in
such a manner that the same parts of the combining mechanism that move the
type-form into position, serve also, when themselves arrested, to prevent any
further movement of the type-form in the direction in which they moved it, being
so closely connected with or linked to the type-form that their movements produce
movements of the type-form, and that also, no movement of the type-form can
take place either in one direction or the other in the arc or plane in which they
position it, except as a result of, or in conjunction with, a corresponding movement
of one of the primary elements of the movement-combining device; in other words,
the parts are connected or linked together in such a manner that these primary
elements serve both to move the type-form iuto its appropriate position for printing,
and to arrest it in that position, or to prevent it from moving on beyond that
position under the influence of its acquired momentum. To illustrate this matter
more clearly with reference, for instance, to Figure 8: the arm, n, with its
link, n, the arm, m², with its link, n², and the arm, m', with its link, n, may be
considered as the three essential primary elements of the movement-combining
device that serves to position the principal type-form vertically, the levers
and o, being parts auxiliary to the primary elements and serving to connect them
with each other, and, through the bell-crank lever, 2, d, with the type-form..

page_text: Now if the arm, m', for example, with its link, n', be moved from their normal
position of alignment with one another, they will communicate an upward
movement to the principal type-form; and so soon as the part, m*, comes in contact
with, and is arrested by, the stop, A 282, (against which it is held, for an instant,
firmly pressed by the pressure of the finger upon the corresponding key, e or E',)
the type-form must come to rest also; it can no longer move upward, for the
various parts are connected together or linked in such an intimate manner that the
type-form can move up or down only as the arm, m', with its link, n', or the arm, m*,
with its link, n², or the arm, m², with its link, n', moves. So soon, however, as the
arm, m, whose movements we have been considering, returns to its normal position,
the type-form moves downward, until the further movement of the arm, m³, is
arrested by the reach up, l, and key, e or E; when the type-form also ceases to
inove. The various parts of the movement-combining mechanism, it will be seen,
are connected with each other and with the type-form in a very close and peculiar
sort of a fashion; and it is with reference to this intimate connection of the
parts, that I term such a movement-combining type-form-positioning device
"linked."
By a paper-carriage or a travelling paper-carriage, as the terms are used in this
Specification and in the statement of claim at the end hereof, I refer to a device
adapted and arranged and serving to move a sheet of paper or other suitable
material past the printing-point, so that the various characters are printed in a line
from left to right upon such paper, and having means, also, whereby the paper can
be advanced from line to line, as the printing progresses, so as to produce a printed
page; and I do not include under the term of a paper-carriage or a travelling
paper-carriage, any device which merely advances a ribbon of paper across the
printing-point, after the fashion of a number of so-called stenographic type-writers
and printing telegraphs. Travelling paper-carriages of the sort above mentioned
are common in type-writing machines, and should not be confounded with the
paper-feeding devices of stenographic machines and printing telegraphs, serving
only to advance a ribbon of paper across the printing-point in one direction.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is ;-
1. In a type-writing machine, a type-form having its characters arranged in a
plurality of rows synchronously-moving for the positioning of the characters, in
combination with another suitable printing mechanism; the two printing
mechanisms mentioned being constructed and arranged in such a manner that they
print consecutive letters at adjacent printing-points simultaneously or substantially
simultaneously; substantially as set forth.
2. In a type-writing machine, a type-form having its characters arranged in a
plurality of rows synchronously-moving for the positioning of the characters, in
combination with another suitable type-form; the two type-forms being constructed
and arranged in such a manner that they print consecutive letters at adjacent
printing-points simultaneously or substantially simultaneously; substantially as
set forth.
3. In a type-writing machine, a type-form having its characters disposed in a
plurality of rows, and suitable keys and key-controlled type-form-positioning
mechanism whereby the various rows of characters are brought, each as required,
opposite a printing-point common to said rows, in combination with another
suitable printing mechanism; the parts being constructed and arranged in such a
manner that the two printing mechanisms mentioned print consecutive letters at
adjacent printing-points simultaneously or substantially simultaneously; substan-
tially as set forth.
4. In a type-writing machine, a type-form having its characters disposed in a
plurality of rows, and suitable keys and key-controlled type-form-positioning
mechanism whereby the various rows of characters are brought, each as required,

page_text: opposite a printing-point common to said rows, in combination with another
suitable type-form; the parts being constructed and arranged in such a manner
that the two type-forms mentioned print consecutive letters at adjacent printing-
points simultaneously or substantially simultaneously; substantially as set forth.
5. In a type-writing machine, a type-form having its characters arranged in a
plurality of rows disposed with suitable spaces between them, and lying in a
position of proximity to the surface to be printed, in combination with another
suitable printing mechanism lying more remote from the surface to be printed ;
the various parts being constructed and arranged in such a manner that characters
of the printing mechanism more remote from the surface to be printed can advance
to the printing-point through the spaces between the rows of the type-form lying
nearer to the surface to be printed, so that the two printing mechanisms mentioned
can print consecutive letters at adjacent printing-points simultaneously or substan-
tially simultaneously; substantially as set forth.
6. In a type-writing machine, a type-form having its characters arranged in a
plurality of rows disposed with suitable spaces between them and lying in a
position of proximity to the surface to be printed, in combination with another
suitable type-form lying more remote from the surface to be printed; the various
parts being constructed and arranged in such a manner that the characters of the
type-form lying more remote from the surface to be printed can advance to the
printing-point through the spaces between the rows of the type-form lying nearer
to the surface to be printed, so that the two type-forms mentioned can print
consecutive letters at adjacent printing-points simultaneously or substantially
simultaneously; substantially as set forth.
7. In a type-writing machine and in combination, two co-operating type-forms,
one of said type-forms having its characters disposed in a plurality of rows placed
such a distance apart and such spaces being left between them, that they admit
between them characters belonging to the other type-form; the two type-forms
serving to print consecutive letters at adjacent printing-points simultaneously or
substantially simultaneously; substantially as set forth.
8. In a type-writing machine and in combination, two co-operating type-forms,
each having its characters arranged in a plurality of rows, the rows of characters
of one of said type-forms being placed such a distance apart and such spaces being
left them, that they admit between them a row or rows of characters belonging to
the other type-form, the rows of one type-form being arranged to advance to the
printing-point between the rows of the other type-form; the two type-forms
serving to print consecutive letters at adjacent printing-points simultaneously or
substantially simultaneously; substantially as set forth.
9. In a type-writing machine, a type-form lying in a position of proximity to the
surface to be printed, in combination with another type-form lying more remote
from the surface to be printed and composed of a plurality of type-bearing sections,
movable together as a type-form for the positioning of the characters, and movable
independently of each other to and from the printing-point for printing; the two
type-forms serving to print consecutive letters at adjacent printing-points simul-
taneously or substantially simultaneously; substantially as set forth.
10. In a type-writing machine and in combination, two co-operating type-forms,
one type-form lying intermediate the surface to be printed and the other type-
form each of said type-forms having its characters arranged in a plurality of
rows the type-form (at least) lying more remote from the surface to be printed
being composed of type-bearing sections movable together as a type-form for the
positioning of the characters and movable independently of each other to and
from the printing-point for printing the character positioned; the rows of
characters of the type-form lying nearer to the surface to be printed being disposed
such a distance apart that space is left between them for type-bearing sections of
the type-form lying more remote from the surface to be printed to pass through
towards the printing-point; the parts being constructed, arranged and operating
in such a manner that the type-bearing sections of the type-form lying more remote
F

page_text: from the surface to be printed pass to the printing-point between the rows of the
type-form lying nearer to the surface to be printed; the two type-forms co-operating
to print consecutive letters at adjacent printing-points simultaneously or substan-
tially simultaneously; substantially as set forth.
11. In a type-writing machine and in combination, two type-forms each composed
of type-bearing sections movable together as a type-form for the positioning of the
characters, and movable independently of each other to and from the printing-
point for printing; one of said type-forms being placed intermediate the other
type-form and the surface to be printed; the type-bearing sections of the type-
form lying nearest to the surface to be printed being disposed such a distance
apart, and with such spaces between them, that the type-bearing sections of the
type-form lying more remote from the surface to be printed can pass between them
to the printing-point; the two type-forms serving to print consecutive letters at
adjacent printing-points simultaneously or substantially simultaneously; substau-
tially as set forth.
12. In a type-writing machine and in combination, two co-operating printing
mechanisms, one lying proximate to the surface to be printed, and the other lying
more remote from the surface to be printed; the printing mechanism lying
proximate to the surface to be printed being a type-form composed of type-
furnished levers connected and mounted in such a manner that they move together
as a type-form for the positioning of the characters and move independently of
each other to and from the printing-point for printing; said levers being disposed
such a distance apart that room is left for the printing mechanism lying more
remote from the surface to be printed to advance its characters between such levers
to the printing-point; the two printing mechanisms serving to print consecutive
letters at adjacent printing points simultaneously or substantially simultaneously;
substantially as set forth.
13. In a type-writing machine and in combination, two type-forms constructed
and arranged in such a manner that each is movable independently of the other for
the positioning of its various characters, and movable, also, (either as a whole or
by sections,) to and from the printing-point independently of the other; said type-
forms serving to print consecutive letters at adjacent printing-points simultaneously
or substantially simultaneously; substantially as set forth.
14. In a type-writing machine and in combination, two type-forms constructed
and arranged in such a manner that each is movable independently of the other for
the positioning of its characters, and two independent printing hammers, one serving
to print from one of the type-forms, the other serving to print from the other
type-form; the two type-forms co-operating to print consecutive letters at adjacent
printing-points simultaneously or substantially simultaneously; substantially as set
forth.
15. In a type-writing machine and in combination, a type-form composed of
type-bearing sections moving together as a type-form for the positioning of the
characters and movable independently of each other to and from the printing-
point for printing; an impression-hammer whereby the various type-bearing
sections are impelled against the printing-point as each is brought into position
opposite such point, for printing; another type-form lying intermediate the
type-form first mentioned and the surface to be printed; and suitable impression
mechanism for such second type-form, such impression mechanism including an
arm, limb or part lying intermediate the two type-forms, said arm, limb or part
being actuated by suitable actuating mechanism and serving to press the
characters of the second type-form against the printing-point; substantially as
set forth.
16. In a type-writing machine and in combination, a set of keys disposed in a
row or rows extending from right to left and arranged in a position to be operated
by the right hand; another set of keys lying to the left of the set of keys first
mentioned, and disposed in a position to be operated by the left hand; two printing
mechanisms, one corresponding to the right-hand key's, the other corresponding to

page_text: the left-hand keys; one of said printing mechanisms being furnished with (at least)
a complete alphabet of characters including both vowels and consonants; the
other printing mechanism being furnished with (at least) a number of the more
frequently occurring letters of the alphabet; suitable connections intermediate the
right-hand keys and the printing mechanism corresponding thereto; and suitable
connections intermediate the left-hand keys and the printing mechanism corre-
sponding to them; the printing mechanism connected with the right-hand keys
being arranged in such a manner that it prints its characters at a printing-point
common to the characters of such right-hand-controlled printing mechanism, and
the printing mechanism connected with the left-hand keys being arranged in such
a manner that it prints its characters at another printing-point common to the
characters of such left-hand-controlled printing mechanism; the two printing-
points corresponding respectively with the two printing mechanisms mentioned
being adjacent to each other, and the two printing mechanisms mentioned
co-operating to print consecutive letters simultaneously or substantially simul-
taneously at such adjacent printing-points; the whole being constructed and
arranged in such a manner that the first of the two letters to be printed
simultaneously is determined regularly by one particular hand; the second letter
being determined regularly by the other hand; substantially as set forth.
17. In a type-writing machine and in combination, a set of independently-movable
keys disposed in a position to be operated by the right hand; another set of
independently-movable keys lying to the left of the set of keys first mentioned
and disposed in a position to be operated by the left hand; two printing mechanisms,
one corresponding to the right-hand keys, the other corresponding to the left-hand
keys; one of said printing mechanisms being a type-forn furnished with complete
alphabet of characters; the other printing mechanism being furnished with (at
least) a number of the more-frequently-occurring letters of the alphabet; mechanical
connections intermediate the right-hand keys and the printing mechanism corre-
sponding thereto; and mechanical connections intermediate the left hand keys and
the printing mechanism corresponding thereto the printing mechanism connected
with the right-band keys being arranged in such a manner that it prints its
characters at a printing-point common to the characters of such right-hand-
controlled printing mechanism, and the printing mechanism connected with the
left-hand keys being arranged in such a manner that it prints its characters at
another printing-point common to the characters of such left-hand-controlled
printing mechanism; the two printing-points corresponding respectively with the
two printing mechanisms mentioned being adjacent to each other, and the wo
printing mechanisms mentioned co-operating to print consecutive letters simul-
taneously or substantially simultaneously at such adjacent printing-points;
the whole being constructed and arranged in such a manner that the first of the
two letters to be printed simultaneously is determined regularly by one particular
hand; the second letter being determined regularly by the other hand; substantially
as set forth.
18. In a type-writing machine and in combination, a set of keys disposed in a row
or rows extending from right to left in a position to be operated by the right
hand; another set of keys lying to the left of the first mentioned set of keys and
disposed in a position to be operated by the left hand; two type-forms, one corre-
sponding to the right-hand keys, the other corresponding to the left-hand keys;
suitable type-form-positioning mechanism intermediate the right-hand keys and
the type-form corresponding thereto, whereby the force communicated by the
operator to the right-hand keys is conveyed to the corresponding type-form and
said type-form moved into different position so that it presents the required
character at the printing point; suitable type-form-positioning mechanism inter-
mediate the left-hand set of keys and the type-form corresponding thereto, whereby
the force communicated by the operator to the left-band keys is conveyed to the
corresponding type-form, and said type-form moved in such a manner that it
presents the required character at the printing-point; the two type-forms

page_text: co-operating to print consecutive letters at adjacent printing-points simultaneously
or substantially simultaneously; the whole being constructed and arranged in such
a manner that the first of the two letters to be printed is determined regularly by
one particular hand, the second letter being determined regularly by the other
hand; substantially as set forth.
19. In a type-writing machine and in combination, a set of independently-
movable keys disposed in a position to be operated by the right hand; another set
of independently-movable keys, lying to the left of the first mentioned set, and
disposed in a position to be operated by the left hand; two printing mechanisms,
one corresponding to the right-hand set of keys and connected thereto, the other
corresponding to the left-hand set of keys and connected thereto; the two printing
mechanisms mentiened co-operating to print consecutive letters at adjacent printing-
points simultaneously or substantially simultaneously; a suitable paper-carriage
and letter-spacing mechanism therefor, whereby a movement of the carriage of a
single letter-space is determined on the printing of a single letter, and a movement
of a larger or double letter-space on the printing of two letters simultaneously; the
whole being arranged in such a manner that the first of the two letters to be printed
simultaneously is determined regularly by one particular hand, the letter printed at
the same time by the other printing mechanism being determined at the same time
by the other hand; substantially as set forth.
20. In a type-writing machine and in combination, a set of independently-
movable keys disposed in a position to be operated by the right hand; another
set of independently-movable keys lying to the left of the first mentioned set and
disposed in a position to be operated by the left hand; two type-forms, one
corresponding to the right-hand keys, the other corresponding to the left-hand
keys suitable type-form-positioning mechanism intermediate the right-hand set
of keys and the type-form corresponding thereto; suitable type-form-positioning
mechanism intermediate the left-hand set of keys and the type-form corresponding
thereto; a suitable paper-carriage and letter-spacing mechanism therefor whereby
a movement of the carriage of a single letter-space is determined or effected when
a single letter is printed and a movement of a larger or double letter-space
effected on the printing of two characters simultaneously; the two type-forms
co-operating to print consecutive letters at adjacent printing-points simultaneously
or substantially simultaneously, the whole being arranged in such a manner that
the first of the two letters to be printed simultaneously is determined regularly
by one particular hand, the letter printed at the same time by the other type-form
being determined by the other hand; substantially as set forth.
21. In a type-writing machine and in combination, a set of keys disposed in a
position to be operated by the right hand; another set of keys lying to the left of
the set of keys first mentioned, and disposed in a position to be operated by the
left band; a type-form having its characters disposed in a plurality of rows, said
type-form being mounted in such a manner that it is movable in two different ares
or planes for the positioning of its characters to a common printing-point; type-
form-positioning mechanism intermediate one of the sets of keys before mentioned
and the type-form, serving to position the type-form; and another suitable printing
mechanism suitably connected with the other one of the sets of keys before
mentioned; the two printing mechanisms mentioned serving to print consecutive
letters at adjacent printing-points simultaneously or substantially simultaneously;
the whole being constructed and arranged in such a manner that the first of the
two letters to be printed simultaneously is determined regularly by one particular
hand, the second letter being determined regularly by the other hand; substantially
as set forth.
22. In a type-writing machine and in combination, a set of keys disposed in a
position to be operated by the right hand; another set of keys lying to the left
of the set of keys first mentioned, and disposed in a position to be operated by the
left hand; and two co-operating type-forms, one of said type-forms having its
characters disposed in a plurality of rows, said rows being placed such a distance

page_text: ;
apart and such spaces being left between them that said rows admit between them
characters belonging to the other type-form; one of said type-forms being suitably
connected with one of the sets of keys before mentioned, so that it is controlled
thereby the other one of said type-forms being suitably connected with the other
set of keys before mentioned, so that it is controlled by such keys; the two type-
forms mentioned co-operating to print consecutive letters at adjacent printing-
points simultaneously or substantially simultaneously; substantially as set forth.
23. In a type-writing machine and in combination, a set of keys disposed in a
position to be operated by the right hand; another set of keys lying to the left of
the set of keys first mentioned, and disposed in a position to be operated by the left
hand; a type-form lying in a position of proximity to the surface to be printed;
and another type-form lying more remote from the surface to be printed, and
composed of a plurality of type-bearing sections movable together as a type-form
for the positioning of the characters, and movable independently of each other to
and from the printing-point for printing; one of said type-forms being suitably
connected with one of the sets of keys before mentioned, so that it is controlled by
such keys; the other one of said type-forms being connected with the other one of
the sets of keys before mentioned, so that it is controlled by the keys of such
set; the two type-forms serving to print consecutive letters at adjacent printing-
points simultaneously or substantially simultaneously; substantially as set forth.
24. In a type-writing machine and in combination, a set of keys disposed in a
position to be operated by the right hand; another set of keys lying to the left
of the set of keys first mentioned and disposed in a position to be operated by the
left hand; a type-form having its characters arranged in a plurality of rows,
disposed with suitable spaces between them and lying in a position of proximity to
the surface to be printed; another suitable printing mechanism lying more remote
from the surface to be printed; suitable connections intermediate one set of keys
and the type-form before mentioned, and intermediate the other set of keys and
the other printing mechanism before mentioned; the various parts being
constructed and arranged in such a manner that characters of the printing
mechanism lying more remote from the surface to be printed, as before mentioned,
can advance to the printing-point through the spaces between the rows of the
type-form lying nearer to the surface to be printed, so that the two printing
mechanisms mentioned can print consecutive letters at adjacent printing-points
simultaneously or substantially simultaneously; substantially as set forth.
25. In a type-writing machine and in combination, a set of keys disposed in a
position to be operated by the right hand; another set of keys lying to the left
of the set of keys first mentioned, and disposed in a position to be operated by
the left hand; a type-form lying in a position of proximity to the surface to be
printed and composed of type-bearing sections movable together as a type-forin
for positioning the characters, and movable independently of each other to and
from the printing-point for printing, said type-bearing sections being disposed.
with suitable spaces between them; another type-form lying more remote from
the surface to be printed, and composed, also, of a plurality of type-bearing
sections movable together as a type-form for the positioning of the characters, and
movable independently of each other to and from the printing-point for printing;
the parts being constructed, arranged and operating in such a manner that type-
bearing sections of the type-form lying more remote from the surface to be printed,
can pass to the printing-point between the type-bearing sections of the type-form
lying in a position of proximity to the surface to be printed; suitable connections
intermediate one of the type-forms before mentioned and one of the sets of keys
before mentioned, whereby such type-form is controlled; and suitable connections
intermediate the other one of the type-forms before mentioned and the other one
of the sets of keys before mentioned, whereby such type-form is controlled;
the two type-forins co-operating to print consecutive letters at adjacent
printing-points simultaneously or substantially simultaneously; substantially as
set forth.

page_text: 26. In a type-writing machine and in combination, a suitable type-form; type-
form-impelling keys; movement-combining type-form-positioning mechanism
intermediate the keys and the type-form, whereby the force exerted by the
operator upon the keys is employed in oscillating the beforementioned type-form,
and whereby said type-form is moved into different positions for printing different
characters by the action of the various keys singly and in various combinations
another suitable printing mechanism and other keys suitably connected therewith;
the two printing mechanisms mentioned co-operating to print consecutive letters at
adjacent printing-points simultaneously or substantially simultaneously; substantially
as set forth.
;
27. In a type-writing machine and in combination, a type-form; keys; movement-
combining type-form-positioning mechanism intermediate said keys and type-form,
whereby said type-form is moved into different positions for the printing of
different characters as a result of the depressing of said keys singly and in various
combinations; another suitable printing mechanism and other keys connected
therewith the two printing mechanisms mentioned co-operating to print consecutive
letters at adjacent printing-points simultaneously or substantially simultaneously; a
travelling paper-carriage and suitable letter-spacing mechanism therefor whereby
space of one letter is made when but one letter is printed, and a space of two letters
made, when the two printing mechanisms print simultaneously, so that the printed
matter is properly spaced; substantially as set forth.
a
28. In a type-writing machine and in combination, a suitable type-form furnished
with a complete alphabet of characters including both vowels and consonants; keys;
suitable movement-combining type-form-positioning mechanism intermediate the
keys and the type-form, whereby said type-form is moved into different positions
for printing different characters as a result of the action of the different keys singly
and in various combinations; another suitable printing mechanism and other keys
therefor; the two printing mechanisms mentioned co-operating to print consecutive
letters at adjacent printing-points, simultaneously or substantially simultaneously;
substantially as set forth.
29. In a type-writing machine and in combination, a suitable type-form furnished
with a complete alphabet of characters including both vowels and consonants; keys;
suitable movement-combining type-form-positioning mechanism intermediate the
keys and the type-form, whereby said type-form is moved into different positions
for printing different characters as a result of the action of the different keys singly
and in various combinations; another suitable printing mechanism and other keys
therefor the two printing mechanisms mentioned co-operating to print consecutive
letters at adjacent printing-points simultaneously or substantially simultaneously;
a travelling paper carriage and suitable letter-spacing mechanism therefor, whereby
different points in the same line are successively presented opposite the printing-
point, and whereby a double-space is made when two letters are simultaneously
printed; substantially as set forth.
30. In a type-writing machine and in combination, a suitable type-form furnished
with a complete alphabet of characters, including both vowels and consonants; keys;
suitable movement-combining type-form-positioning mechanism intermediate the
keys and the type-form whereby said type-form is moved into different positions
for printing different characters as a result of the action of the different keys singly
and in various combinations; another suitable type-form and keys therefor; and
suitable movement-combining type-form-positioning mechanism intermediate said
second type-form and the keys therefor, whereby said second type-form is moved
into different positions for printing different characters as a result of the action
of the different keys singly and in various combinations; the two type-forms
co-operating to print consecutive letters at adjacent printing-points simultaneously
or substantially simultaneously; substantially as set forth.
31. In a type-writing machine and in combination, a suitable type-form; keys;
suitable movement-combining type-form positioning mechanism intermediate the
keys and the type-form whereby said type-form is moved into different positions for

page_text: printing different characters by or in consequence of the action of the different keys
singly and in various combinations; another suitable type-form and keys therefor ;:
and suitable movement-combining type-form-positioning mechanism intermediate
said second type-form and the keys therefor, whereby said second type-form is
moved into different positions for printing different characters by or in consequence
of the action of the different keys singly and in various combinations; the two.
type-forms co-operating to print consecutive letters at adjacent printing-points,
simultaneously or substantially simultaneously; a travelling paper-carriage and
suitable spacing-mechanism therefor, whereby a space of one letter is made when
but one letter is printed, and a space of two letters made, when the two printing
mechanisms print simultaneously, so that the printed matter is properly spaced ;.
substantially as set forth.
32. In a type-writing machine and in combination, a type-form movable in
opposite directions from a normal point for the positioning of its characters;
a plurality of keys and positive-and-negative movement-combining type-form-
positioning mechanism intermediate said keys and the type-form whereby the
positioning of the type-form on both sides of its normal position is governed;
another suitable printing mechanism and keys controlling the same; the two
printing mechanisms mentioned co-operating to print consecutive letters at adjacent
printing-points simultaneously or substantially simultaneously; substantially as.
set forth.
33. In a type-writing machine and in combination, a type-form having its
characters arranged in a plurality of rows, said type-form being mounted in such a
manner that it is movable in two different arcs or planes for the positioning of its
various characters; a plurality of keys and suitable connecting mechanism serving
to position the type-form in one of the arcs or planes mentioned; one or more
other keys suitably connected with the type-form and serving to position it in the
other of the arcs or planes before mentioned; another suitable printing mechanism
and operating keys connected therewith; the two printing mechanisms mentioned
co-operating to print consecutive letters at adjacent printing-points simultaneously
or substantially simultaneously; substantially as set forth.
34. In a type-writing machine and in combination, a type-form having its
characters arranged in a plurality of rows, said type-form being mounted in such a
manner that it is movable in two different arcs or planes for the positioning of its
various characters; a plurality of keys and suitable movement-combining type-
form-positioning mechanism intermediate said keys and the type-form, whereby
the type-form is moved into different positions in one of the arcs or planes before
mentioned, by the depressing of the various keys before mentioned singly and in
divers combinations; one or more other keys suitably connected with the type-form
and serving to position it in the other of the arcs or planes before mentioned;
another suitable printing mechanism and operating keys connected therewith; the
two printing mechanisms mentioned serving to print consecutive letters at adjacent
printing-points simultaneously or substantially simultaneously; substantially as
set forth.
35. In a type-writing machine and in combination, a type-form having its
characters arranged in a plurality of rows, said type-form being mounted in such a
manner that it is movable in two different arcs or planes for the positioning of its
various characters; a plurality of keys and a suitable movement-combining type-
form-positioning device intermediate said keys and the type-form, whereby the
type-form is moved into different positions in one of the arcs or planes before
mentioned by the depressing of the various keys mentioned singly and in different
combinations; other keys and another movement-combining type-form-positioning-
device intermediate such keys and the type-form, whereby the type-form is moved
into different positions in the other of the arcs or planes before mentioned by
the depressing of the last mentioned keys singly and in different combinations;
another suitable printing mechanism and operating keys connected therewith; the
two printing mechanisms mentioned serving to print consecutive letters at adjacent

page_text: printing-points simultaneously or substantially simultaneously; substantially as
set forth.
36. In a type-writing machine and in combination, a type-form having its
characters arranged in a plurality of rows, said type-form being mounted in such a
manner that it is movable in two different arcs or planes for the positioning of its
various characters; a plurality of keys and a suitable movement-combining type-
form-positioning device intermediate said keys and the type-form, whereby the
type-form is moved into different positions in one of the arcs or planes before
mentioned by the depressing of the various keys before mentioned singly and in
different combinations; other keys and another movement-combicing type-formi-
positioning device intermediate such keys and the type-form, whereby the type-form
is moved into different positions in the other of the ares or planes before mentioned
by the depressing of such last mentioned keys singly and in different combinations;
another suitable type-form, operating keys therefor, and movement-combining
type-form-positioning mechanism connecting such keys with said type-forin, so that
said type-form is moved into different positions by the depressing of such keys
singly and in various combinations; the two type-forms mentioned serving to
print consecutive letters at adjacent printing-points simultaneously or substantially
simultaneously; substantially as set forth.
37. In a type-writing machine and in combination, a type-form having its
characters arranged in a plurality of rows disposed with suitable spaces between
them, said type-form lying in a position of proximity to the surface to be printed
and being mounted in such a manner that it is movable in two different arcs or
planes for positioning its characters to a common printing-point; operating keys
for said type-form and suitable connections intermediate such keys and said type-
form, whereby said type-form is positioned in the two arcs or planes before
mentioned, such connections including movement-combining type-form-positioning
mechanism; another suitable printing mechanism lying more remote than the type-
form before mentioned from the surface to be printed, and other keys suitably
connected with such last mentioned printing mechanism; the various parts being
constructed and arranged in such a manner that characters of the printing
mechanism before mentioned as being more remote from the surface to be printed
can advance to the printing-point through the spaces between the rows of
characters of the type-form lying nearer to the surface to be printed; the two
printing mechanisms mentioned serving to print consecutive letters at adjacent
printing-points simultaneously or substantially simultaneously; substantially as set
forth.
38. In a type-writing machine and in combination, a type-form having its
characters arranged in a plurality of rows disposed with suitable spaces between
them, said type-form lying in a position of proximity to the surface to be printed
and being mounted in such a manner that it is movable in two different arcs or
planes for positioning its characters to a common printing-point; operating keys
for said type-form and suitable connections intermediate such keys and said type-
form, whereby said type-form is positioned, such connections including movement-
combining type-form-positioning mechanism; another suitable type-form lying
more remote from the surface to be printed than the type-form first mentioned;
operating keys for such more remote type-form, and suitable type-form-positioning
mechanism connecting such keys with such type-form; the various parts being
constructed and arranged in such a manner that the characters of the type-form
lying more remote from the surface to be printed can advance to the printing-point
through the spaces between the rows of characters of the type-form lying nearer to
the surface to be printed, so that the two type-forms mentioned can print
consecutive letters at adjacent printing-points simultaneously or substantially
simultaneously; substantially as set forth.
39. In a type-writing machine and in combination, two co-operating type-forms,
one of said type-forms having its characters disposed in a plurality of rows placed
such a distance apart and with such spaces left between them that they admit

page_text: between them characters belonging to the other type-form; operating keys and
movement-combining type-form-positioning mechanism for each of the type-forms
mentioned; said type-forms serving to print consecutive letters at adjacent
printing-points simultaneously or substantially simultaneously; substantially as
set forth.
40. In a type-writing machiue and in combination, a type-form lying in a
position of proximity to the surface to be printed; keys and suitable type-form-
positioning mechanism controlled by such keys and serving to position such type-
form; a second type-form lying more remote from the surface to be printed than
the before mentioned type-form lies, such second type-form being composed of
type-bearing sections movable together as a type-form for positioning the various
characters, and movable independently of each other to and from the printing-
point for printing; keys for such second type-form and suitable movement-com-
bining type-form-positioning mechanism coutrolled by such keys and serving to
control the movement of such second type-form; the two type-forms mentioned
serving to print consecutive letters at adjacent printing-points simultaneously or
substantially simultaneously; substantially as set forth.
41. In a type-writing machine and in combination, two co-operating type-forms,
one of said type-forms lying intermediate the surface to be printed and the other
type-form each of said type-forms having its characters arranged in a plurality
of rows, the type-form (at least) lying more remote from the surface to be printed
being composed of type-bearing sections movable together as a type-form for the
positioning of the characters and movable independently of each other to and from
the printing-point for printing the character positioned; the rows of characters
of the type-form lying nearest to the surface to be printed being disposed such
a distance apart that space is left between them for type-bearing sections of
the type-form lying more remote from the surface to be printed to pass through
between then towards the printing-point; the parts being constructed, arranged
and operating in such a manner that the type-bearing sections of the type-form
lying more remote from the surface to be printed pass to the printing-point
between the rows of the type-form lying nearer to the surface to be printed;
operating keys and suitable movement-combining type-form-positioning mechanism
for each of the type-forms before mentioned; the two type-forms co-operating to
print consecutive letters at adjacent printing-points simultaneously or substantially
simultaneously; substantially as set forth.
42. In a type-writing machine and in combination, a type-form; a plurality of
keys; a linked movement-combining type-form-positioning device, controlled by
the keys and serving to position the type-form; the various parts of such move-
ment-combining type-form-positioning device being connected together and
connected with the type-form in such a manner that no material movement of
the type-form in the arc or plane in which it is positioned by such movement-
combining device can take place except as such movement is (a) produced by
the movement-combining device or (b) accompanied by a movement of some of the
parts of the movement-combining device, so that the movement-combining device
serves both to move the type-form into position, and to prevent it from moving on
beyond such position; and another suitable printing inechanism and other keys
connected therewith and controlling the same; the two printing mechanisms
mentioned being arranged in such a manner that they print consecutive letters at
adjacent printing-points simultaneously or substantially simultaneously; substan-
tially as set forth.
43. In a type-writing machine and in combination, a type-form; a movement-
combining type-form-positioning device therefor; and a plurality of keys con-
trolling such movement-combining type-form-positioning device; said movement
combining type-form-positioning device being composed essentially of (a) a
plurality of key-controlled rock-levers or rock-arins, (b) a combining lever or
levers, suitably connected with the type-form, and (c) links connecting the rock-
levers or rock-arms before mentioned with the combining lever or levers, the whole
G

page_text: being arranged in such a manner that no movement of the type-form in the arc or
plane in which it is moved by such movement-combining type-form-positioning
device, can take place, except as such movement is produced by or accompanied
with a movement of one or more of the key-controlled rock-levers or rock-arms
before mentioned; and another suitable printing mechanism and suitable keys con-
nected with and controlling the same; the two printing mechanisms mentioned
being arranged in such a manner that they co-operate to print consecutive letters at
adjacent printing-points simultaneously or substantially simultaneously; substan-
tially as set forth.
44. In a type-writing machine, the arrangement of co-operating type-forms
illustrated in Figures 18 and 18ª.
45. In a type-writing machine, a principal type-form having its characters
disposed in a plurality of rows, in combination with an auxiliary type-form lying
in proximity to the principal type-form and arranged to print letters simultaneously
with letters printed from a row of characters on the principal type-form, the parts
being arranged in such a manner that the auxiliary type-form moves (or is
moved) out of the way to allow the principal type-form to bring another row or
rows of its characters opposite its printing-point; substantially as set forth.
46. In a type-writing machine, a type-form having a plurality of sides or faces
having characters arranged longitudinally upon them, said type-form being
rotatable to bring its different type-furnished sides or faces opposite the printing-
point and being movable longitudinally to bring the different characters on such
faces opposite the printing-point, in combination with another suitable printing
mechanism; the two serving to print consecutive letters at adjacent printing-
point simultaneously or substantially simultaneously; substantially as set forth.
Dated this 17th day of June 1895.
SLOAN & LLOYD BARNES,
Castle Chambers, Castle Street, Liverpool,
Agents for the Applicant.