Improvements in or relating to Circular Looms for Weaving.
Year: 1895

page_text: Date of Application, 9th July, 1895
Complete Specification Left, 9th Apr., 1896-Accepted, 30th May, 1896
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in or relating to Circular Looms for Weaving.
I, RUDOLPH WEISS of 143 Great Alfred Street, in the Borough of Nottingham,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
i
warp
This invention relates to improvements in circular looms such as described in
the Specification of Letters Patent No. 12190 June 23rd 1894, in which the
threads are operated by reciprocating jacks actuated by a cam race or races, and
it has for its object the arrangement of such looms so that twills, diagonals, .or
like patterned fabrics may be produced thereon.
In carrying out this invention I preferably employ a cam ring for operating the
jacks provided with a cam race partly double and partly single, such as described
in the Specification of Letters Patent herein before referred to.
In connection with the cam race I employ at those points where it opens out
from a single race into a double race, groups of preferably three or more switches
arranged vertically above each other, and form the jacks so that preferably an
equal part of them engage with one of the switches in each group.
For example if three switches are employed in each group one third of the jacks
are formed with a recess at the point corresponding with the position of and engage
with the upper switch in each group, one third are each formed with a recess
corresponding to the position of and engage with the intermediate switch, and one
third are each formed with a recess corresponding to the position of and engage
with the lower switch.
The jacks are also formed or are cut away so as to miss the two remaining
switches in each group. Each switch in each group will thus engage with and
operate one third of the whole of the jacks.
The jacks may be also arranged in groups of three, or a number equal to the
number of switches employed, and each jack in each group be operated by a
different switch in each group of switches.
By means of the foregoing arrangement it will be seen, that by disposing the
switches in each group in different positions as each group precedes a different
shuttle, the jacks and the warp threads which they operate will be disposed differently
for the insertion of each of the weft threads of the shuttles; and patterned fabrics
will be thus produced.
In order that the switches may be readily removed and interchanged, they may
be each mounted or formed on the inner end of a preferably cylindrical stud
provided with a collar, fitting into a correspondingly shaped opening in the cam
ring, and be secured by a screw fitting into the outer end of the opening.
Cam projections or switches corresponding to those previously described and
engaging in the same recesses in the jacks, may also be employed to steady the
jacks at those points where the nebs of jacks leave the double cam race. These
cam projections may be mounted on circular studs sliding in recesses in the cam
ring in order that they may be withdrawn out of engagement with the jacks so
that by reversing the direction of rotation of the cam ring, the jacks may all be
moved into the lower position in order to release the shuttles.
For this purpose in a recess in the upper side of the single cam race is a switch
mounted on a pivot provided with an external lever, this switch may be moved out
of the recess so as to engage with the nebs of the whole of the jacks and guide
them into the lower of the two cam races.
Each single part of the cam race is preferably provided with a switch of the

page_text: .
above description and the whole of them may be operated simultaneously by con-
necting their external levers preferably by means of springs to a flexible cord,
band chain or the like.
Each group of the sliding switches may be connected to an external plate which
may be actuated by a bell crank lever, pivotted to the cam ring, the whole of
these levers may be connected to a flexible cord, band chain or the like so that
they may be operated simultaneously in the same manner as the pivotted switches.
A weft stop mechanism of special construction so as to be applicable to circular
looms is mounted on the exterior cloth ring preferably at a point where a space is
left, in the warp threads for the formation of the selvedges.
It comprises a preferably vertical rod or needle secured at near its upper end
to a block which is pivotted loosely to one end of a bell crank lever mounted on
a bracket secured to the cloth ring.
The lower end of this rod is alternately inserted across the shed so that the
weft thread is laid on it, and then withdrawn to allow the weft thread to be
beaten up.
Between the block and the lower end of the rod the latter is fulcrummed in a
stud on the cloth ring, and it is moved against the action of a spring from its
normal position about this fulcrum by the pressure of the weft thread so that its
upper end misses the end of a second bell crank lever when it is withdrawn.
If the weft thread fails the rod is withdrawn in its normal position and its upper
end will engage with the lower end of the second bell crank lever, this lever is
also pivotted on a bracket secured to the cloth ring.
The upper end of this lever is connected by a flexible cord, band, or the like,
to the ejector mechanism of the shoot or receptacle of the stop mechanism described
in the Specification of Letters Patent hereinbefore referred to.
The bell-crank lever for reciprocating the rod or needle is connected by a
connecting rod to a lever operated by a cam on the upper end of a vertical shaft
which shaft is connected to the main shaft by suitable gearing.
Dated this 9th day of July 1895.
BOULT & WADE,
Agents for the Applicant.
improvements in or relating
I, RUDOLPH WEISS, of 143, Great Alfred Street, in the Borough of Nottingham,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the
same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement :—
This invention relates to improvements in circular looms such as described in
the Specification of Letters Patent No. 12190 of June 23rd, 1894, in which the
shuttle propelling and shedding motion is performed by reciprocating jacks
operated by a cam race or races, & it has for its main object the arrangement
of such looms, so that twills, diagonals, or like patterned fabrics may be produced
thereon.
The invention will be best understood by reference to the accompanying
drawings, in which :-
Fig. 1. is a sectional elevation of part of the loom.
Fig. 2. is a projection of the interior of part of the cam ring, showing the cam
race and switches.
Fig. 3. is a vertical section of the cam ring on line X X of Fig. 2.
Figs. 4 and 5 are horizontal sections on lines Y Y, Z Z, respectively of Fig. 2.
showing details of the cam ring constructions.
Figs. 6, 7, and 8 are views of three different forms of jacks employed.

page_text: g. is a side elevation, and
Fig. 10 a front elevation of my improved weft stop mechanism.
Figs. 6, 7 and 8 are drawn to a larger scale than Figs. 1 to 5 inclusive. Figs. 9
and 10 are drawn full size.
Like letters indicate like parts throughout the drawings.
In carrying out this invention the cam ring A (see Fig. 1 and 2) for operating
the jacks B, is formed with a double cam race C. D. alternating with a single cam
race E, in the same manner as described in the Specification of Letters Patent
hereinbefore referred to, the double race opening out from and again returning to
a single race.
At the points where the single race E opens out into a double race C. D. are
groups for example of three projecting switches F. F' F' arranged vertically above
each other, and the jacks B are preferably formed so that one equal part of them
will engage with one of the switches in each group, and the nebs B₁ of each
jack B is moved into the upper part C or the lower part D of the double race,
according to the disposition of the switch with which it engages.
In Fig. 2. part of the jacks B are shown in connection with the projection of
the cam ring A. and they are arranged in groups of three as indicated by the.
figures. The first jack in each group is formed as shown in Fig. 6. with a heel
or neb B¹ to engage with the cam race, a recess B2 above the neb to engage with
the upper switch F in each group of switches, and a part cut away at B³ to miss
the switches F. The second jack in each group is formed as shown in Fig. 7.
with a neb B', a recess B, below the neb B to engage with the middle switch F¹
in each group, and a part cut away at B5 to miss the switches F. The third jack
in each group is formed as shown in Fig. 8. with a neb B' a recess B below
the neb B¹ to engage with the lower switch F³ in each group, a part cut away
at B7 to miss the switch F' and also a part cut away at B8 to miss the switch F2.
It will thus be seen that the whole of the jacks marked No. 1. engage with the
switches F, the whole, of the jacks marked No. 2. with the switches F¹, and the
whole of the jacks marked No. 3. with the switches F2, and according to the dis-
position of each of the switches the nebs B' of those jacks which engage
therewith will be moved into the upper or lower part of the double race C D.
and their jack projections G, will be moved into a position either above the shuttle
or below it.
The first and second jacks B in each group and the switches F F¹ for operating
them may be of precisely the same form as those described in the Specification of
Letters Patent hereinbefore referred to, but the disposition of the switches F F
is necessarily different in the present case.
The group of switches F F F as shown, are arranged to produce a two-to-one
diagonal cloth or fabric, in which there are two warps in one wall of the shed, to
one in the other wall.
The position of each warp thread G is..determined by the position of the
corresponding jack projection G, in which the hole or warp eye G³ for the passage
of the thread is formed, and it will be seen that although this two-to-one
arrangement is maintained throughout the switches are arranged to change the
disposition of the warp threads for each succeeding shuttle or weft thread.
For. the first shuttle the jack projections G of No. 1 and 3 in each group are
in the lower position and the jack projection G of No. 2. in the upper position,
for the second shuttle No. 1 and 2 are in the lower position and No. 3 in the
upper position, and for the third shuttle Nos. 2. and 3 are in the lower position and
No. 1. in the upper position.
As the disposition of the warp threads in a two-to-one diagonal repeats itself
every three weft threads inserted, it is obvious that the number of shuttles
employed is determined by the number of changes in the disposition of the warp
threads.
The independent movement of each of the three forms of jacks 1, 2 and 3
comprising each group, is indicated by the dotted lines H H². H³. showing

page_text: imaginary races on the cam ring A which the recesses B B B of the respective
jacks 1, 2, 3, would follow. It is obvious that the number of switches in each
group may be increased, and jacks be provided to engage with such additional
switches, also the disposition of the several forms of jacks may be adjusted or
arranged to suit the nature of or design of the fabric it is desired to produce.
In order that the switches F F1 F2 may be removed and changed, they are
each mounted or formed on a block J (see Figs. 2 and 3.) preferably approxi-
mating in form to that of a triangle as shown, each block J fits into a corresponding
shaped recess in the cam ring A and is secured thereto by screws passing through
extensions J, or a flange at the outer end of the block.
In addition to the switches F F1 F2 (see Fig. 2.) for operating the jacks B as
the nebs B leave the single race E, are corresponding cam projections K K' K'
for steadying the jacks as the nebs leave the double race C D. These cam
projections engage with the recesses in the jacks B and it will be seen that if the
cam ring be rotated in the reverse direction to that indicated by the arrow, one.cam
projection only in each group K K¹ K2 is disposed so as to move the nebs B' of
the jacks which engage therewith into the upper part C of the double race, and if
this cam projection be withdrawn, the whole of the nebs B¹ on the jacks B, would
be moved into the lower part D of the double race and would allow of the shuttles
being removed.
The cam projections K K K are mounted or formed on blocks J fitting into
recesses in the cam ring A in the same manner as the switches F F1 F2.
The cam projection in each group which it is necessary to withdraw is mounted
on a block J³ (see Fig. 4.) provided at the outer end with an axle I, mounted on
this axle is a cam I' provided with an arm or extension 12 by means of which the
cam I may be turned about the axle I.
The face of the cam I¹ bears against a fixed bracket 1 secured to the cam
ring A, and by means of the action of the said cam I¹ on the bracket I³ the
block J is withdrawn against the action of the spring J2. The arms 12 of each
of the cams I¹ may be connected to a flexible band, chain, cord or the like, so that
the whole may be operated simultaneously.
In order to positively move the whole of the nebs B¹ of the jacks B into the
lower part of the race D when the cam ring is rotated in the reverse direction,
I employ a switch N at the junctions of the double race with the single race (see
Figs. 2 and 5) each switch is normally in a recess in the side of the race but is
moved into the position shown before the cam ring is reversed; when in the
position shown the switch N engages with the nebs B¹ of the whole of the jacks
and moves them into the lower part D of the double race. The switch N is
mounted on an external bell-crank lever L pivoted at L' to the cam ring A, one
end L² of this lever passes through a slot N¹ in the cam ring A, and on the inner
end is secured or formed the switch N. The end L³ of each of the bell-crank
levers L may be connected to a flexible band, chain, cord or the like, so that
the whole may be operated simultaneously in the same manner as the arms 1° of
the cams I'¹.
A weft stop mechanism of special construction so as to be applicable to
circular looms is mounted on the exterior cloth ring M preferably at a point
where a space is left in the warp threads for the formation of the selvedges.
It comprises a needle or rod U secured to a block U' which is pivoted to one
end of a bell crank lever U2 mounted on a bracket U³ secured to the ring M.
The lower end of the rod U is alternately inserted across the shed so that the
weft thread a is laid on it, and withdrawn to allow the weft thread to be
beaten up.
Between the block U' and the lower end of the rod U the latter is fulcrummed
in a stud U on the ring M and it is moved from its normal position about this
fulcrum by the pressure of the weft thread a on its lower end, into the position
shown in dotted lines prior to its withdrawal, so that its upper end U³ misses the
end of the bell-crank lever V.

page_text: The rod U is held in its normal position by the spring U and if the weft
thread therefore fails it is moved to its normal position instead of that shown in
dotted lines and its upper end engages with the end of the bell-crank lever V
which is pivotted to the bracket VI secured to the ring M.
The upper end of the bell crank lever V is connected by a flexible cord, band
or the like T, to the mechanism for automatically stopping the loom, described in
the Specification of Letters Patent hereinbefore referred to.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is:
1. A circular loom in which the shedding motion and the shuttle propelling is
simultaneously performed by reciprocating jacks which are arranged and actuated
so as to dispose each warp thread above or below one shuttle and change the
disposition of the said threads for the next following shuttle for the purpose of
producing patterned fabrics substantially as described.
2. In a circular loom, the combination with a cam ring, provided with a single
cam race E, alternating with a double cam race CD, of groups of three or more
switches such as F F F2 and warp operating jacks each provided with a neb B¹
to engage with the cam race and a recess to engage with one of the switches
in each group substantially as described and illustrated in the accompanying
drawings.
3. In a circular loom the combination with a cam ring provided with a single
cam race E alternating with a double cam race C D of a switch such as N and
an external pivoted lever such as L, for carrying and operating the said switch,
substantially as described & illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
4. In a circular loom, the combination with a block J¹ for carrying a switch or
cam projection of a cam such as I¹ pivoted on the said block and a bracket I³ on
the ring A, substantially as described and illustrated in the accompanying
drawings.
5. In a circular loom a weft stop mechanism consisting essentially of a rod such
as U, the lower end of which is alternately inserted into and withdrawn from the
shed said rod being also turned about a fulcrum U* by an unbroken weft thread,
so that when it is withdrawn its upper end may miss a striking part, such as that
provided by the lever V which it would operate if the weft thread were broken,
substantially as described and illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
Dated this 8th day of April 1896.
RUDOLPH WEISS.
Boult & Wade,
Agents for the Applicant.