IMPROVEMENTS IN HOSE AND PIPE. CANDLING
Year: 1882

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Thomas Lewis Daltry of Stretford in the County of
Lancaster Journalist for an invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN HOSE AND PIPE.
CANDLING"
"
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Thomas Lewis Daltry at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 20th May 1882.
THOMAS LEWIS DALTRY of Stretford in the County of Lancaster, Journalist,
'IMPROVEMENTS IN HOSE AND PIPE COUPLINGS'
"
My Invention relates principally to the Couplings employed in the connecting
together of lengths of "fire hose" but is also applicable for use in the coupling of
hose or of pipes or tubes used for other purposes. My improved coupling consists
of two principal parts as is usual one part which for distinction I will term the
spigot part entering the other part which I will term the faucet part. According
to the first part of my Invention the spigot is turned with a groove or
formed
with a collar. The faucet is provided with tumblers, levers or locking triggers
which yield to permit the entry of the spigot. When the latter has been pushed
in to some extent the corners or ends of the said tumblers move inwards and serve
as abutments for the collar on the spigot and prevent the latter from being forced
out by the pressure of the water. Each tumbler abuts against a surface formed
in the faucet to resist the pressure of the collar or the line of thrust to the fulcrum
makes such an angle with the line of movement of the spigot as that the thrust
tends to tighten the locking parts. To uncouple the tumblers are acted upon by
means of pushers which move the tumblers from the locking positions. In a con-
struction of hose coupling which I consider to be suitable I employ two tumblers
which are mounted to turn upon fulcra and are connected with pushers which are
arranged to be acted upon by collars which are mounted to slide upon hollow
trunnions. Each pusher may be formed with a "tee-head" which enters, a slot
in the tumbler or the connection may be otherwise effected. When the spigot is
pushed in a shoulder acts upon the tumblers to turn them into their locking
מ.
.

page_text: positions and this I consider to be an important feature in my Invention, but in
some cases I employ springs which cause the said tumblers to tend to move into
such positions. I prefer to so arrange as that each pusher can move to permit the
connected tumbler to move although the sliding collar may have become fixed.
This I effect by connecting the outer end of the pusher with a cross-head or piece
which projects through slots in the side of the trunnion and enters recesses in the
sliding collar the said recesses being proportioned to permit the necessary move-
ment of the cross-head. The sliding collar is or may be formed in two parts
screwed or secured together. A stud formed with a projecting collar is screwed
into the end of the hollow trunnion. This construction is applicable to couplings
not otherwise formed in accordance with my Invention. According to a second
part of my Invention I mount toothed pinions or segments within the faucet part
of the coupling, and I arrange for them to gear with collars upon the spigot when
the latter is pushed into the faucet part. Pawls or detents engage with the teeth
of the said pinions or segments and lock them when the faucet has been pushed
home. To uncouple the detents are dis-engaged by means of pushers, levers or
handles.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said Thomas Lewis Daltry in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
18th November 1882.
THOMAS LEWIS DALTRY of Stretford in the County of Lancaster Journalist
"IMPROVEMENTS IN HOSE AND PIPE COUPLINGS
"
My Invention relates principally to the couplings employed in the connecting
together of lengths of "fire hose" but is also applicable for use in the coupling of
hose or of pipes or tubes used for other purposes. My improved coupling consists
of two principal parts as is usual one part which for distinction I will term the
spigot part entering the other part which I will terin the faucet part. According
to the first part of my Invention the spigot is turned with a groove or is formed
with a collar. The faucet is provided with tumblers, levers or locking triggers
which yield to permit the entry of the spigot. When the latter has been pushed
in to some extent the corners or ends of the said tumblers move inwards and serve
as abutments for the collar on the spigot and prevent the latter from being forced
out by the pressure of the water. Each tumbler abuts against a surface in the
faucet to resist the pressure of the collar or the line of thrust to the fulcrum makes
such an angle with the line of movement of the spigot as that the thrust tends to
tighten the locking parts. To uncouple the tumblers are acted upon by means of
parts which move the tumblers from the locking positions.
According to a second part of my Invention I mount toothed pinions or segments
within the faucet part of the coupling and I arrange for them to gear with collars
upon the spigot when the latter is pushed into the faucet part. Pawls or detents
engage with the teeth of the said pinions or segments and lock them when the
faucet has been pushed home. To uncouple the detents are disengaged by means
of pushers, levers or handles.
In order that my Invention may be fully understood I have attached hereunto
a sheet of drawings marked with letters of reference. In the said drawings Fig: 1
represents a side view and Fig: 2 an end view of a hose coupling constructed in
accordance with the first part of my Invention the upper half of each Figure being
represented in section in order to exhibit the interior arrangements. In the said
Figs a is the said faucet part of the coupling which is bored or prepared to receive
the end of the spigot part b as is usual. Upon the part a are formed two lugs a¹
and in each lug is formed a chamber to receive a locking tumbler c which is
mounted upon a fulcrum d. One end of each tumbler is formed to serve as an
abutment for a shoulder e which is formed upon the inner end of the spigot b.
The other or tail end of the tumbler is connected with a spiral spring which tends
to draw the said tail end outwards from the centre line of the coupling and thereby
to move the locking end of the tumbler towards the spigot. Extensions a² of the
lugs a form trunnions which are turned to receive sliding sleeves or loose collars g
and are each formed with an internal space to receive the said spiral spring and
also a pusher h. The lower end of the said pusher bears or can be caused to bear
upon the tail of the locking tumbler. The outer end of each pusher is formed
with a
"tee" cross-head and the ends of this cross-head enter recesses in the
sleeve g.
The effect of this arrangement is that when the two sleeves are pushed
inwards that is to say towards the spigot-the two tumblers are caused to turn
upon their fulcera and their locking ends are thereby withdrawn outwards so that
the spigot is free to be withdrawn from the faucet. A nut formed with a
projecting collar closes the end of the hollow trunnion and serves as a stop to
Jimit the outward movement of the sleeve. A washer ; of vulcanised caoutchouc
i

page_text: '
makes a fluid-tight joint between the two parts of the coupling. To effect the
coupling of the hose the part 6 is pushed into the part a the end of the part b
pressing the locking ends of the tumblers outwards until the shoulder e has passed
the holding ends of the tumblers when the latter move inwards by reason of the
action of the springs and furnish abutments to retain the spigot in position.
When fluid pressure acts upon the parts the part b is prevented from being forced
out of the part a by the tumblers and it will be seen that in consequence of the
angle which the line of thrust 1 makes with the direction of outward move-
ment 2 of the spigot any pressure tending to force the spigot outwards causes the
tumblers to hold more firmly so that the coupling will "hold" until some of the
parts break. In consequence of this tendency of the tumblers to increase their
grip upon the spigot in proportion to the outward thrust the collar e may have less
proportionate projection than appears in the drawings. To uncouple the hose the
sleeves g are slid inwards as herein before mentioned. In case the sleeves or one
of them should stick fast the tumbler or each tumbler is still free to yield to permit
the entry of the spigot. In case the spring in either of the trunnions should break
or lose it's resiliency a second shoulder k upon the spigot bears against the tail of
the tumbler when the spigot is pushed into the faucet as indicated in Fig: 1ª the
tumbler being thereby turned into the locking position. This action of the
shoulder necessitates the pushing in of the spigot beyond its position of rest
under pressure and to admit of this the elastic washer is made of a form which
permits it to yield when its face is pushed inwards by the end of the spigot. By
the indicated construction of the parts I can dispense entirely with the springs if I
consider it to be advisable for any reason not to use them but I prefer to provide
the springs. I do not confine myself to the use of spiral springs or of metal
springs nor to the form of the tumbler so long as the tumblers are so formed as
that by turning they shall increase their grip as the thrust increases as in the
example. The tumblers might be so fitted to turn in their cells or chambers as that
the fulcrum pins might be dispensed with. A modification in the form of the
tumblers and of the parts which act upon them is illustrated by Fig: 3. In this
example the tumbler is lifted by drawing outwards the sleeves in the operation
of uncoupling. The sleeve is connected with a rod which is formed with
an eye at its lower end as seen in Fig: 4 A finger formed on the tumbler
enters this eye that part of the tumbler represented in Fig: 1 which I have termed
the tail, being dispensed with. The rod is formed with a shoulder upon which
a spring presses whereby the rod is pressed inwards and the tumbler thereby tends
to move into the locking position. When the spigot is pushed into the faucet the
tumblers yield compressing the springs until the spigot has entered fully "home
when the tumblers are forced by the springs into the locking positions as indicated
in the case of one tumbler in Fig: 3. It will be apparent that in the coupling
operation the rods are free to slide outwards without moving the sleeves so that
the sticking of either of the sleeves does not interfere with the coupling operation.
I do not confine my self to the use of the sliding collars or sleeves for transmitting
movement to the tumblers as in some cases I may use levers or other parts to turn
the tumblers out of their locking positions. It must be understood that I may use
less or more than two tumblers in a coupling but two is the most convenient
number for ordinary couplings.
:
"
Fig 5 is illustrative of the second part of my Invention wherein toothed pinions
or segments are used in lieu of tumblers. In the example a spur pinion mis
mounted to revolve upon a fixed pin and grooves are turned or formed upon the
end of the spigot b so that ridges n, n to act upon the pinion in the manner of a
rack are left between the said grooves. A pawl or detent o is mounted upon a
fixed fulcrum and engages with the teeth of the said pinion. The said pawl is
formed with a tail which is acted upon by a spring at p whereby the pawl tends
to engage with the teeth of the pinion. The said pinion and pawl are enclosed
within a cavity formed in the lug a¹ with the exception of the tail of the pawl
which projects through an opening and is suitably formed to be pressed upon by

page_text: the thumb or a part of the hand. The coupling is or may be provided with
duplicate parts on the side which does not appear in the drawing. When the
spigot b is pushed into the faucet the ridges n engage with the teeth of the pinions
and turn the said pinions on their axes until the spigot is fully home. The pawls
prevent a returning movement of the pinions so that the coupling is locked to
withstand the fluid pressure. When it is desirable to uncouple the tails of the
pawls are pressed inwards whereby the pinions are unlocked and the spigot can be
withdrawn or falls out
Having now fully set forth and indicated the nature of my said Invention and
the methods whereby the same may be carried into effect I would have it to be
understood that I claim :-
First the combination of parts forming the couplings for hose or pipes used in
the conveyance of fluids substantially as set forth and indicated herein before and
in and by the accompanying drawings.
Secondly the tumblers or locking triggers or parts formed and mounted to turn
or yield to admit the insertion of one part of a coupling into the other part and
turning or moving back into position to retain the one part within the other
substantially as set forth and indicated.
Thirdly the employment of locking tumblers or triggers adapted to turn upon
or against fulcra and so arranged as that the outward thrust shall increase the
hold of the said tumblers or triggers substantially as and for the purpose set forth
and indicated.
Fourthly the employment for the purposes set forth of locking tumblers in
combination with springs which cause them to turn upon fulcra into positions
to serve as abutments to hold together parts of couplings and pushers, rods or
parts acted upon by sliding sleeves or collars or of equivalent parts as shewn
in Fig: 1 whereby the locking tumblers can be withdrawn from their holding
positions.
Fifthly the employment of tumblers or triggers so formed with reference to the
parts of the coupling as that the action of pushing home the spigot part of the
coupling causes the tumblers or each tumbler to assume and retain a locking
position without the assistance of a spring substantially as more particularly
indicated in Fig: 1ª of the drawings.
And lastly the employment of toothed pinions or parts engaging with grooved
spigots and locked by means of pawls or detents which can be acted upon to
release the said pinions or parts when the uncoupling is to be effected substantially
as and for the purpose or purposes set forth and indicated.
In witness whereof I the said Thomas Lewis Daltry have hereunto set my
hand and seal this seventeenth day of November in the year of our Lord
one thousand eight hundred and eighty-two
Signed, sealed and delivered
in the presence of
EDWARD K. DUTTON
41 John Dalton St., Manchester.
(Agent for the Patentee)
THOMAS L. DALTRY. (L.S.)