Improvements in Stoves.
Year: 1890

page_text: Date of Application, 7th Nov., 1890
Complete Specification Left, 7th Aug., 1891-Accepted 24th Oct
2002
VISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Stoves.
I, HERMANN HEIM, of Ober-Döbling, near Vienna, in the Empire of Austria,
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
My invention relates to stoves. Its essential feature consists in forming the
flues designed for the products of combustion by dividing the interior of the stove
5 through the medium of walls made of refractory material, whilst in the case of the
closed stoves heretofore employed either the heating surface is too small or a
sufficiently large heating surface is only obtained by the use of iron pipes connected
with each other. Such parts, in order to obviate leakages due to unequal expansion,
must be suspended from the main body of the stove. My improved arrangement
presents the advantage that all the screws and fastenings which are required for
these pipes and connections arranged on the outside of the stove are dispensed with
and that the whole arrangement is simplified.
The stove which I have devised is filled either through its door or through a
filling-shaft into which the fuel is introduced through a filling-tube. A lid ground
in closes the filling tube hermetically. For filling the stove it has heretofore been
necessary to lift off this lid altogether and put it aside, which is inconvenient, and
as through the continuous heating, the lid becomes hot, it requires to be handled
with great care. These defects are entirely obviated by my improved mode of
making these lids. The lid ground in carries at its lower part an eye through the
medium of which it can be raised so as to turn upon a cross-piece which is made of
square transverse section and secured in lugs arranged opposite the eye at the upper
part of the lid. When the lid is closed the said cross-piece rests quite loosely on a
hook secured to the upper part of the filling-tube. When the lid is opened the
cross-piece slides into a recess formed in the hook, and is maintained therein so
hat the lid will remain in the upright position and need not be held. For the
purpose of cleaning the lid it may be turned a little further and then drawn entirely
rom the hook. Furthermore the lid carries on its under side.at the lowest point
when it is closed, a beaked projection on which takes place the condensation of the
apours containing tar which are formed during the combustion. From this projection
he tar-water then trickles back upon the fuel.
The fuel is passed either through the door or through the filling-tube into the
ombustion chamber. In this chamber one or more amblygonal angle-irons may be
ranged above the grate for enabling the fuel to be piled up higher on the latter.
he air admitted by a regulating device into the ash-pan passes on the one hand
rough the slits of the grate to the fuel and on the other hand through openings
to a lower air-channel extending around one or more sides of the grate, from
ich channel it is conducted through a connecting-piece into an upper air-channel
anged at a suitable height above the rear part of the grate. The latter or both
-channels present apertures through which the air heated in the air-channels will
w energetically into the fuel and into the products of combustion, thereby effecting
ost a complete consumption of the smoke.
anged in the grate itself."
The lower air-channel may be
Ls usual the grate may consist of bent bars connected with each other or I
struct it of two lateral plates which are approximately perpendicular, and two
t and rear plates converging downwards and leaving below a slit of the desired
h. This grate may either possess four firmly united walls or the inclined
t plate may be loosely suspended and rendered movable by means of an elliptic
or eccentric arranged upon an axis below it in such a
Posion 031

page_text: the cam or eccentric the said inclined plate will approach the opposite plate or
recede from the same thus rendering it possible to adjust the position of the
movable grate plate according to the quantity of fuel used and the draught
required.
From the combustion chamber the products of combustion pass into the flues
provided on either side of this chamber and separated therefrom by the walls made
of refractory material. The number of these flues depends upon the size of the
stove, that is to say upon the size of the heating surface requisite for obtaining the
desired effectiveness. After the products of combustion have traversed the flues
made of such length that the heat will be almost entirely utilized they meet from
the two sides and are conducted to the chimney.
For the ventilation I provide openings in the flues on both sides of the ash-pan.
These openings which can be closed allow the passage of air from the apartment to
the flues wherein it is carried away to the chimney.
In order that however the ventilation shall be thorough and more effective, in
the vertical partitions between the combustion chamber and the flues are arranged
movable flaps the opening of which affords the products of combustion as short
a way as possible to the chimney, whilst the closing of the same compels them
to traverse the long way through all the flues. When both the stove door and
ventilating flap are open the heating device operates like an ordinary open stove.
By the employment of a casing which may partly consist of the brickwork
surrounding the stove, the stove which heats by radiation can be converted into a
stove which heats for the most part by circulation. Such a casing must then have
openings in proximity to the floor for the passage of the cool air from the apartment
to the stove, and be provided above with outlet openings for enabling the air heated
by the stove to pass into the apartment.
A. casing of this kind is by preference made in sections which form doors extending
inwardly or in a straight line and joining the stove doors, the doors of the said casing
being adapted to turn outwards upon their hinges to such an extent that the open
stove doors can find a place behind them.
Dated this 7th day of November 1890.
HASELTINE, LAKE & Co.,
45, Southampton Buildings, London, W.C., Agents for the Applicant.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Stoves.
I, HERMANN HEIM of Ober-Döbling near Vienna in the Empire of Austria
Manufacturer do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement :-
My invention relates to a heating apparatus or stove which, during the firing
serves for ventilating as well as for heating purposes, and which can be made to
give more or less heat or more or less ventilation as required.
With the open stoves heretofore used, even when the heating surface is of large
dimensions, the principal part of the heat generated in them ascends through the
chimney instead of passing into the room or space to be heated. Moreover, in the
closed stoves heretofore used, the heating surface is either too small, or in order to
produce greater heating surfaces, separate parts are put together in such manner,
that the iron pipes serving as dues, are connected with each other and with corre-
sponding connecting pieces on the main body of the stove, in a suspended position,
so that no leakage will be caused by simultaneous and unequal expansion of the
different parts.
My improved construction differs from those above mentioned, principally in the
fact that the draught funnels or flues, through which the products of combustion

page_text: uraw
are not formed of separate parts, but by means of subdividing the fir
space with fireproof division walls or partitions.
These subdivisions connected together by suitable channels form the path o
flue for the passage of the products of combustion from the combustion-chambe
5 to the chimney, in which path they touch or come in contact with each part o
surface of the stove or heating apparatus.
The heating by radiation of this stove can be transformed or changed into heating
chiefly by circulation, if the stove be surrounded, covered or protected by a
mantle or hood, which, almost entirely absorbing the radiation, allows at the bottom,
10 the air of the room to enter the heating apparatus or stove, and at the top, the air
heated by the stove to spread or disperse throughout the room or space to be
warmed.
In the accompanying drawings:-
Figure 1 represents a vertical longitudinal section through the combustion chamber
15 on the line II in Figures 2 and 3.
Figure 2 is a horizontal section through the ash pit on the line IV-IV in
Figures 1, 4 and 5.
Figure 3 is a horizontal section through the combustion chamber on line V-V
in Figures 1, 4 and 5.
Figure 4 is a vertical cross section through the combustion chamber on the
line II-11 in Figures 1, 2 and 3.
Figure 5 is a vertical cross section through the lateral draught pipes or flues on
the line III-III in Figures 2 and 3.
In Figures 2, 3 and 4 the mantle is shown, the fixing or employment of which
being as aforesaid optional.
Figures 6-9 illustrate a heating apparatus or stove provided with an upper feed
shaft according to my improved construction, in which,
Figure 6 is a vertical cross section through the draught pipes or flues on the
line IX-IX in Figure 9.
Figure 7 is a vertical cross section through the combustion chamber on the
line VII-VII in Figures
and 9.
Figure 8 is a vertical longitudinal section on the line VI-VI in Figure 9.
Figure 9 is a horizontal section on the line VIII-VIII in Figures 6, 7 and 8.
In Figures 7 and 9 the mantle is shown, which however as above stated may or
may not be employed.
Figures 10-14 show a larger heating apparatus or stove without a feed or
supply shaft.
Figure 10 is front view and partly in vertical longitudinal section through the
combustion chamber on the line I-I in Figures 11 and 12.
Figure 11 is a horizontal section through the flues on the line V-V in
Figures 10, 13 and 14.
Figure 12 is a horizontal section through the combustion chamber on the
ine IV-IV in Figures 10, 13 and 14.
Figure 13 is a vertical cross section through the combustion chamber on the
ne II-II in Figures 10, 11 and 12.
Figure 1 is a vertical section through the draught pipes or flues on the
he III-III in Figures 11 and 12.
In Figures 10, 12 and 13 the position of the mantle is shown.
Figures 15-19 show a stove or heating apparatus constructed according to this
vention with a supply or feed shaft in which:-
Figure 15 is a vertical cross section through the draught pipes or flues on the
e X-X in Figures 18 and 19.
Figure 16 is a vertical cross section through the combustion chamber on the
VII-VII in Figures 17, 18 and 19.
Figure 17 is a front view partly in vertical longitudinal section through the
ught pipes or flues on the line VI-VI in Figures 18 and 19.

page_text: Figure 18 is a horizontal section through the draught pipes of
line IX-IX in Figures 15 and 16.
Figure 19 is a horizontal section through the combustion chamber on the
line VII-VII in Figures 15 and 16.
Figures 16, 17, 18 and 19 shows the attachment of a mantle. The remaining
figures are drawn to an enlarged scale.
Figure 1A is a section of the feed-neck-cover.
Figure 2A is a partial top view, of the same and
Figure 3 is a view of the fork pivot of a feed-neck-cover with the means of
attaching same to the feed neck.
Figure 4 is section and Figure 4B a partial top view of an improved grate or
grating.
As will be seen from Figures 1-5 fire proof vertical partition walls s divide the
fire space of the stove into combustion chamber vand the draught tubes or
flues ff. In the combustion chamber which is rendered accessible by means of
doors t, is arranged the grate or grating which is either constructed of curved or
bent rods in the form of a trough or the same may be constructed as shown in
Figures 4, 44 and 4B.
This improved grate or grating is of trough or tray shape and has either four
fixed walls, so that the opening of the grating remains stationary or it is closed
only on three sides, the fourth side or wall being formed by a movable wall r which
hangs on a fixed rod at the top between the two longitudinal walls r². These
side walls are provided at about the middle of their height with slots in which is
arranged a spindle on which an elliptical or eccentric disc is keyed.
By turning this axle or spindle the movable grating wall can be brought
nearer the opposite fixed grating wall, as it is lifted by the disc thus rendering
it possible to make the interstices or spaces of the grating narrower or wider
between the bottom edges of the walls and according to the size of the fuel
used, in order to prevent the falling through of the same. The grate rests either
upon the air channel 1, as shown in Figure 4 or forms one piece with the air
channel as shown in Figure 4*. Over the said grater are arranged angle
irons or frames w w¹, in order to render the storage of a larger quantity of fuel
possible.
2°
The air enters through a regulating device R of well known construction in the
ash pit or shaft a, and passes up.through the grate into the combustion chamber v
and partly through the opening Figure 7 under the grate in the air channels 1,
arranged under one or more side and back walls of the combustion chamber, from
which it passes through one or more connecting pieces into the top air channel 12.
The air channels 1 and 2, or 12, alone, are or is provided with openings, through
which the air heated in the channels, is forced under pressure, on to the fuel in the
grate and into the products of combustion.
The products of combustion rise in the combustion chamber, spread themselves
over the top end of the same enter through the openings o' and o² the draught
pipes or flues f¹ and 2 leading downwards and situated on both sides of the
combustion chamber and unite themselves again through the horizontal short
connections 3 and 4, whereupon they ascend behind the ash pit or shaft and
combustion chamber, into the collecting pipe p and from thence into the chimney S.
In this manner the products of combustion come in contact with every part or
surface of the heating apparatus or stove.
On the back wall of the combustion chamber a movable flap k (Figure 4) is
fixed, which when closed, divides the same from the collecting pipe p behind the
flap by means of which the above described way or path is produced for the
products of combustion.
If the flap k be opened, a shorter connection is formed between the combustion
chamber and the chimney, the latter becomes strongly heated and on-account of
the more rapid movement in the air thereby produced a more perfect ventilation of

page_text: room is secured in which the store or heating apparatus is situated, whereby
at the same time the heating effect is diminished.
If the door T be opened, and the flap & be free, the combustion takes place as
in every other stove. When the door T is closed the air can only reach the fire
through the ash pit and the air, which reaches the products of combustion from
the channels and 12 to a great extent in an heated condition, effects an almost
smokeless combustion of the heating materials.
If the supply of fuel to the stove or heating apparatus is to take place through
the feed or supply shaft (Figures 7-9) the fire space is divided into two parts by
O an upright division walls of which the back part u serving as a feed space has
a feed neck a which reaches to the front and is closed by means of a cover
ground in.
5
Through the gradual slipping or feeding forward of the fuel on the grating r a
slower combustion is secured.
In the stoves as heretofore constructed the covers of the feed channels or shafts
have to be removed for purposes of supplying fuel. This inconvenience is however
obviated in my improved construction of the feed neck cover illustrated in
Figure 7. 14 2 and 34.
As will be seen the cover which is ground in is provided with a square cross
piece ² fixed between the two jaws of the bifurcated pivot d', lies or rests in a
hook d³, screwed to the middle of the top side of the feed neck, and in or on the
said hook d³ the cover can be opened by lifting it on the front car d'. If the said
cover is lifted so far as to cause the square cross piece d² to catch upon or enter
the slot d of the hook d³ the cover is fixed in an upright position and need not
be held. If desired the said cover can be removed right out of the hook d³, by
continuing to lift it.
The cover is also provided with a nose or projection de on the point opposite the
fork pivot d', the said point being the lowest point when the cover is closed, on
which the tar water collects, which has condensed on the cover, and which drops
back into the fuel, to become evaporated; whilst heretofore this usually collected
on the ground-in surfaces of the feed cover.
On account of the arrangement of the feed shaft or pit, the construction or
application of the flap k shown in Figures 1 and 4 is rendered impossible.
In order to form a direct passage of the products of combustion from the
combustion chamber into the chimney, the bottom part of either one or both sides
of the partition walls s, must be made to turn or revolve (Figure 7). Moreover
the arrangement of the air channels 7 and 12 must as shown in Figures 7 to 9, be
altered to correspond to the altered shape of the combustion chamber caused by the
arrangement of the feed shaft.
In order to carry off the foul or spent air to the chimney, openings y (Figures 2, 5
nd 6) provided with means for closing the same are arranged near the bottom of
he flues and 2 in such manner, that, when the same are opened, the spent air,
drawn into the flues and through the same into the chimney. By these means
he draught in the stove is decreased but the room is ventilated.
In the modification shown in Figures 10-19 the mantle or cover may be placed
n the doors m', which open outwards on the sides towards the fire behind which
e doors m² and m³ in the combustion chamber can be arranged when the latter
re open.
Openings C can be formed in the said doors m¹ for the purpose of conveying the
r of the room to the stove, whilst the heated air passes into the room again
rough the openings C2 situated in the upper part of the mantle which is made
t as in Figure 10. It will be understood that the mantle m can be made of any
her suitable form. The openings C₁ for the circulation of air can also be
ranged below the doors m' and m² or at the side and the top outlet openings C³
the hot air may also be arranged in any desirable manner.
the fire space or combustion chamber in the stove or heating apparatus illustrated
The inner division
Figures 10-14 is so arranged that the products of combustion when the flap k

page_text: (Figure 13) is opened passes direct into the chimney through the collecting
pipe p.
If however this short path or way is closed by shutting the flap k the said
products of combustion pass at the top along the cover of the combustion chamber,
into the fire flues f1 and 2 leading downwards, and then through the lower
connecting openings o³ and o into the upward flues 3 and 4, which meeting at the
pipe p, carry the products of combustion into the chimney.
Figures 15-19 show a similar stove with mantle cover when a feed shaft is
used by which the resting of the flap k, on the back wall of the combustion
chamber is prevented as in the stove illustrated in Figure 7-9. In order to
insure a direct passage of the products of combustion to the chimney the top part
of the walls parting the flues f₁ and f³ and if desired also f' and f* is made to
revolve or turn. Moreover the top closing piece of the fire box is made of new
form or shape on account of the addition of the filling space u. The path or way
of the products of combustion is the same as in the stove above described.
n² and q Figure 15 represent doors for the purposes of cleaning the flues.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed declare that what I
claim is :-
First. A stove in which the combustion chamber is divided by fireproof partition
walls forming a combustion chamber and right and left hand flues f¹ƒ³ provided
with suitable connections for the purpose of conducting the products of combustion
through the same, and which has at the back of the combustion chamber or at a
suitable point of the upright fire-proof partition walls, an adjustable flap k which
when open provides a short passage for the products of combustion into the chimney,
whilst the closing of the same, compels the products of combustion to travel a
longer distance through the flues substantially as hereinbefore described and shown
in the drawing.
Second. In a stove such as that hereinabove described a mantle part of which
may consist of the brickwork or other suitable material surrounding the stove, and
which is formed with openwork at the side facing the room and also at the top and
bottom, and which is partly composed of inward or upright doors m' arranged in
the form of a fan with relation to the stove-doors in², m³, and arranged at a
projecting angle, so that they can turn outward on hinges on the mantle in such a
manner that the opened stove doors m³ m³, can be placed behind the same substan-
tially as above described & shown in the drawings.
Third. In a stove such as that hereinabove described the slides, y, which, when
opened, permit the spent or used up air of the room to pass into the flues f¹ and ƒ³,
and thence into the chimney, for the purpose of ventilating the room, substantially
as specified and shown in the drawing.
Fourth. In a stove such as that hereinabove described the flues leading
downward and connected at the back portion of the apparatus, for the purpose
specified.
Fifth. In a stove a trough or tray-shaped grate or grating consisting of fixed
side walls 2 and 3 and a moveable sidewall, which by turning an elliptic or
excentric disc can be brought nearer to the opposite side wall for the purpose
of making the interstice of the grate narrower substantially as above described and
shown in the drawing.
Sixth. In a fire-grate such as that above referred to, the air channel / in the top
part of the said grate substantially as described and shown in the drawing.
Seventh. In a stove such as that hereinabove described the combination of the
feed shaft and the partition or walls for the purpose of forming a filling space u,
substantially as hereinbefore described and shown in the drawings.
Eighth. In a stove, a closing appliance for the feed shaft consisting of a cover d,
ground into the feeding neck, which, with a square cross-piece d², fixed in a forked
pivot d', rests in a hook d³, attached to the middle of the top side of the feeding

page_text: of the same, after the lifting of the cover, so that the latter will be held in an
upright position, substantially as above described and shown in the drawing.
peing adapted to slide or fall into the slot or opening d³
Ninth. In a stove the nose or projecting piece d at the lower end of the under-
side of the cover d which closes the neck of the feed, for the purpose of conveying
the condensed tar-water into the fuel substantially as above described and shown in
the drawings.
Dated this 7th day of August 1891.
HASELTINE, LAKE & Co.,
45, Southampton Buildings, London, Agents for the Applicant