IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF A COMPOSITION TO BE EMPLOYED IN THE PREPARATION OF PIGMENTS
Year: 1857

page_text: Sealed the 9th February 1858, and dated the 5th September 1857.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Edward Newton
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
5th September 1857.
I, WILLIAM EDWARD NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery Lane,
in the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF A COMPOSITION
TO BE EMPLOYED IN THE PREPARATION OF PIGMENTS," to be as follows:-
The first part of this Invention relates to an improved method of producing
certain mixtures or compounds of alumina with other earths or alkaline earths
for the purpose of forming bases for coloring matters, or for preparing the
material used by paper stainers under the name of satin white.
In preparing the aluminous compound, instead of employing the sulphate of
alumina and potash (common alum), I make use of the sulphate of alumina
alone or of sulphate of alumina mixed with a small proportion of alum, which
I mix with the other earthy constituent of the compound, using by preference
slaked lime. These substances are put together in certain proportions in a

page_text: pug mill or other convenient mixing apparatus, and are there brought, by the
gradual addition of water during the working of the mill, into a uniform pasty
condition. The mass, when the ingredients are thoroughly incorporated, is
removed from the pug mill, well washed, and separated from the water upon
filters.
The second part of the Invention relates to the use of the sulphate of
alumina instead of alum in the preparation of pigments, especially of the class
termed lakes. In this part of the system the same plan of operating may be
adopted as that at present employed in the preparation of similar materials,
merely substituting the sulphate of alumina, or sulphate of alumina and a
small quantity of alum, for common alum.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said William Edward Newton in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 2nd March 1858.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
EDWARD NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery Lane, in the County
of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Fifth day of September, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-seven, in the twenty-first year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said William Edward Newton, Her special license that I, the said William
Edward Newton, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as
I, the said William Edward Newton, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and
at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully
might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF A COMPOSITION TO BE EMPLOYED IN THE
PREPARATION OF PIGMENTS," being a communication, upon the condition
(amongst others) that I, the said William Edward Newton, by an instru-
ment in writing under my hand and seal, should particularly describe and
ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent
Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the
said Letters Patent.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said William Edward Newton, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement (that is to say):-
This Invention of "Improvements in the Manufacture of a Composition to
be employed in the Preparation of Pigments" is divided into two parts. The
first part relates to an improved method of producing certain mixtures or
compounds of alumina with other earths or alkaline earths for the purpose of
forming bases for coloring matters, and for the preparation of the material
used by paper stainers under the name of "satin white." The second part
relates to the use of the sulphate of alumina instead of the alum or a large
portion of the alum usually employed in the preparation of pigments, especially
Prussian blues and the class of pigments termed lakes.
With regard to the first part of the Invention, as above set forth, the
Inventor of the present improvements prepares the aluminous compound by
employing the sulphate of alumina, or sulphate of alumina mixed with a small
proportion of alum, instead of common alum (double sulphate of alumina and
potash, soda, or ammonia,) alone, and the sulphate of alumina, or the sulphate
of alumina combined with a small quantity of alum, is mixed with the other
earthy constituents of the compound. In practice it is found that lime, slaked
either in air or water, is preferable for this purpose. The slaked lime and the
sulphate of alumina alone, with a little alum, are mixed in a pug mill or other
convenient mixing apparatus, and are there worked up assiduously and
carefully together, water being added gradually during the process of mixing
until the whole is brought into the state of rather a liquid paste. In this
process about three hundred and fifty parts of sulphate of alumina, or sulphate
of alumina mixed with a little alum, are mixed with one hundred and eighteen
parts of lime; but although these proportions are found best for ordinary
purposes, they require to be varied in particular cases, and I do not therefore
limit myself to them, but merely specify them here as a general guide for
carrying out the operation.
When a thorough admixture of the component ingredients is effected, the
pasty mass is allowed to pass out of the mixing vessel, and is well washed with
a considerable quantity of clear water, and then conducted into a filter, where
it is separated from the water.
With respect to the application of the sulphate of alumina to the preparation
of pigments according to the second part of this Invention, the Inventor merely
substitutes that material, either alone or mixed with a small quantity of alum,
for the usual quantity of common alum (which is much more costly), the

page_text: processes at present in use being employed in preparing the various lakes,
Prussian blues, and colors of a similar kind. It should be here observed, that
the sulphate of alumina ought to be employed in equivalent proportion, that is,
in such proportion to the quantity of alum usually employed as to supply an
equivalent amount of the base alumina necessary for the preparation of
the various colours or pigments, as will be well understood by colour
manufacturers.
Having now described the Invention of improvements in the manufacture
of a composition to be employed in the preparation of pigments, as com-
municated to me by my correspondent, and having explained the manner of
carrying the same into effect, I would observe, that in connection with the
first part of the Invention I claim the use of sulphate of alumina or sulphate
of alumina and alum instead of and as a substitute for the large quantity of
alum alone usually employed in the preparation of "satin wbite." I claim
the use of this sulphate of alumina or aluminous compound as a base for
certain pigments.
In connection with the second part of the Invention, I claim the use of
sulphate of alumina or sulphate of alumina mixed with a small quantity of
alum instead of alum alone, in the preparation of the pigments termed lakes,
Prussian blues, and other colors of that class.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Edward Newton, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, the First day of March, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-eight.
Witness,
J. W. MOFFATT,
66, Chancery Lane.
W. E. NEWTON. (L.S.)