Year: 1885

page_text: We, JOHN FERGUSON HASKINS and GEORGE DOLOR DAVIS, both of 114, Queen
Victoria Street, in the City of London, Engineers and Patentees' Agents, do hereby
declare the nature of this invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, and to the letters
and figures marked thereon, that is to say :-
more
Our Invention has for its object the construction of a machine for stitching and
tying (with a square knot), pamphlets, papers, books and the like, in a
expeditious and secure manner than heretofore, whereby the result is a great saving
of cost for time and labour.
In order that our Invention may be clearly understood, we proceed to describe
the same with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which the same letters
and figures indicate different views of the same parts throughout.
Figure 1 (Sheet 1) is a side elevation (left hand) of the machine, and Fig. 2 a
front elevation thereof. Fig. 3 is a top view, or plan, of Fig. 1, and Fig. 4, a
horizontal section taken on the line z, z, of Fig. 1. In figure 4, the table and
portions of the side frames are removed, in order to shew the arrangement of the
cam wheels and levers, which are in connection with, and operate certain working
parts of the machine, all of which are hereinafter described. Fig. 5 is an elevation
(right hand) shewing an arrangement of mechanism for applying a break, whereby
the machine may be stopped at any desired moment, simply by removing the foot,
and irrespective of the speed of the prime mover.
The above mentioned figures are drawn to an approximate scale of th. of the
full size, and show only the more prominent or conspicuous parts of the machine,
the smaller working parts being shewn, for the sake of clearness, in perspective,
and on a larger scale in sheet 2, in which Fig. 6, is a front view, nearly full
size, shewing in their relative positions, the shuttle needle R, R', and mechanism
for opening and closing its jaws, together with the bar, on which it slides, the
presser plate S, thread cutting device 87, 88, thread guide m³, thread carrier m

page_text: barbed needles 9, 9', 93, and their holders; loop turning device P, and segmental
gear for operating same. In this figure the parts are shewn in the position they
would occupy just as the loop is turned over on itself.
Fig. 7 is a plan, or top view, of the loop turning device, shewing a stationary
piece p³, which is used in combination with the loop turners, and which is a very
essential element.
Fig. 8 is a rear end elevation (full size) of the slotted cross bar T, which carries
the presser plate S, the mechanism by which it is raised and lowered, also the means
adopted to operate the thread cutting device. This view also shews a grooved
shaft n, the thread carrier m, with its lever arm M, the thread guide m', and a
finger n', on the grooved bar, in connection with the jointed lever N, for turning
said shaft at the right moment.
Figs. 9 and 10 are sections of the grooved shaft n taken respectively on the
lines a a, ẞ, of Fig. 8, the former of which shews the movement given to the
thread carrier m, and the latter a similar movement given to the thread guide m';
both these movements are, simultaneous at the commencement of the stroke, and
are brought about by the action of lever N and projection n (figs. 2 & 10) on the
lower part of the front of the boss of the finger n' which comes against the thread guide m¹
and moves it to the rear at the time when the thread carrier m is moving to its extreme
rearward position, a coiled spring n³ restoring the thread guide to position at the
proper moment when the thread carrier m moves forward again—At all other times
the rotation of the shaft n is not sufficient to bring the projection n' into contact with
the thread guide m¹ which therefore remains stationary the shaft n turning freely in
its boss.
Figs. 11, 12 and 13 (Sheet 3) are details, drawn full size, shewing the
construction of the slotted cross bar T, and the means of operating the presser
plate, figs. 11 & 12 being back elevations & fig. 13 an underside view.
Fig. 14 is a detached view, drawn full size, shewing a fork V, over which the
knot is tied, and the lever and its connections with the cam for operating said fork
at the proper moment.
A, is the lower framing of the machine, to which are securely bolted, side
frames B, B. Mounted in bearings b, 64, in these side frames, is the main driving
shaft D, clearly seen in fig. 2, which is a part back elevation of the machine. This
shaft D, is driven by the strap pulley d. Above the driving shaft is another shaft E,
mounted in bearings E, E. Upon this shaft are mounted accurately and held by
adjusting screws, a series of suitable cam wheels numbered 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7.
These cam wheels, when revolved, together with their shaft, actuate a corre-
sponding set of levers 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, the function of each of which is
hereinafter particularly explained.
All the levers are provided with screw adjusting joints e, e, e, e, e, e, e, whose
purpose is to correct any inaccuracy of motion, which may arise from wear, in the
working of the machine. They consist of two knuckle joints, one of which is
provided with a screw which enters a tapped socket on the other joint, so that by
screwing the one into the other, any irregularity arising from wear may be taken
up. The levers have their fulcra on a shaft F, mounted in the side frames B, B,
and each lever moves independently on this shaft. The driving shaft D, and cam
shaft E, have keyed upon them any suitable friction gearing, that shewn in the
drawings, and consisting of the grooved wheels G, H, being preferred. When
these friction wheels G, H, are brought into contact with each other, by means of
a contrivance hereinafter described, and operated through the driving shaft and
strap pulley, motion will be imparted to the machine.
At a height convenient for the operator a table I is placed, and screwed to
supports t, t, on a cross framing . Openings in this table, closed by sliding
plates j,j, permit of ready access to the mechanism, for the purpose of adjustment,
oiling, cleaning, etc.
An adjustable gauge or guide J, is provided, and against this, the pamphlet or
paper to be stitched and tied, is placed.

page_text: Each of the side frames B, B, is formed with arms L, L, L, L³, projecting towards
the front of the machine, the upper two L, L, of which, support the grooved shaft n,
upon which the thread carrier m travels and with which it turns, within certain
limits, as seen in fig. 9 (Sheet 2). The lower arius L, L, are connected together
by the cross framing, which, while strengthening the machine, serves as a
necessary support for several of the working parts. A cross bar l, between the upper
arms I, L, has centred upon it, a telescopic lever M, which, through cam wheel 7,
and lever 7*, operates and governs the travel of the thread carrier ; also, secured to
this bar by a screw, is the falcrum of the lever N, which, through the cam wheel 2,
its lever 2, and the finger n¹, turns the above mentioned grooved shaft n, upon which
the said thread carrier travels and with which it turns. This thread carrier, at its
lowermost extremity, is provided with a hook m², having a notch in which the thread is
held by the clip m³, said clip being kept to its work by the spring m. This contrivance
Another cross bar 1,
is clearly seen in fig. 6ª, which is a view taken from below.
has upon it a spool o, and a box p*, for containing a spare ball of thread, tools or
the like.
The needle holders, carrying the barbed needles 7, 9', q³, which are three in
number, and placed at equal distances apart, move vertically in guide blocks q, q',
on the cross fraining ; the holders of needles q, q', are also capable of a revo-
lution, in combination with their vertical movement, said revolution being
produced by curved goooves travelling over pins fixed in the guide block q', the
object of this movement being to turn the loops at right angles to the shuttle
needle. The lower ends of these neelle holders are connected by screw adjusting
joints e, e, e, to the lever 3, 4, 5ª, which levers are brought into operation by the
cam wheels 3, 4 and 5.
P, is the loop turning device, which is of known construction (see Figs. 6 and 7,
Sheet 2), it is operated by the segmental gearing p, p, through the cam 2, and
jointed lever O, but in combination with this device we make use of a stationary
This stationary
piece p² fixed to the arm p³, carrying said loop turning device.
piece is a very important feature in this invention, and it has for its object to hold
the front side of the double loop forward and open, to allow the shuttle needle to
pass through said loop. C (figs. 6 and 6×) is a guide fixed to a bracket c, beneath
the table. This guide keeps the loop on the points of the loop turners and prevents
it flying off. The arm p carrying the segmental rack is operated by cam 2 and
lever 0. At the side of this arm p, is an arm p³, which is pivotted on the same
shaft po and connected to the arm p³, by means of the spring po, coiled on a stud pe,
which always presses the arm p³, forward the lower end of the spring p³ bearing against
the shaft po and the upper end against the projection p₁ on the arm p'. The arm p³,
carries the pinion p, working in the segmental rack p¹, on the arm pt, and revolving
the loop turners proper to form the loop at the right moment.
This revolution is accomplished as follows:-The arm p*, moved forward by the
cam 2, carries with it the arm p³, and the loop turning device thereon, the arm p³,
being prevented from moving faster than the arm pt, by the screw stop p³, placed
on the arm p, and pressing against the back of the arm p.
When the points of the loop turners have thus been carried through the loop
brought down by the needle 3, the motion of the arm p³ is arrested by the adjust-
able screw stop ps (Fig. 2, Sheet 1) which is a continuation of the arm p³, and
which presses against the cross frame, of the machine; the arm p* continues to
advance thus moving the segmental rack which it carries and revolving the pinion
on the arm p³, which revolves the loop turners mounted on their axis and forms
the double loop in connection with the fork V.
R, R' is the shuttle needle, which is formed of a steel rod R, having a groove in
its upper part, in which is fitted and slides a strip or bar of stoel R. The front
end of this strip or bar is formed with an enlarged portion r, which is provided
5 with a tooth which enters a notch contrived in the nose of the needle, and which
nose is made in a piece with the body of the needle. The opening between the

page_text: nose and the portion r, forms jaws, which, when partially closed, grip the thread;
they can however be made to close more tightly upon the thread, at the right
instant, by the screw attachment, beneath the table I. The rear end of the
body of this shuttle needle is he'd in a block r, which travels horizontally upon a
slide, rigidly fixed to the cross framing 12, and receives its movement froin cam 1
and lever 1ª.
The mechanism by which the jaws of the shuttle needle are opened and closed
for the purpose of gripping the thread, consists of a block 3, fixed to the short arm
of the lever, and carrying a projection ; the long arm of this lever carries a
small friction wheel, travelling in and out of a hook-shaped guide, which moves
in a slide, and is capable of adjustment beneath the table I. The block, has
firmly fixed in it the rear end of the steel strip or bar R', of the shuttle needle, and
this steel strip or bar passes freely through the block 1, which holds the body
of the shuttle needle. On the block r¹ being caused to travel along the slide,
the projection strikes against a stop, fixed beneath the table I, thereby opening
the jaws of the shuttle needle; a spring 10 closes them, on the shuttle needle
being carried back by the action of cam 1. By operating the screw attachment 1,
the guide hook is caused to advance or retire, thereby offering a greater or less
resistance to the lever, on its return to the guide hook.
The fork V, over which the knot is tied, is of peculiar construction, that is to
say, it has one of its ends curved over the other, as shown in fig. 6. Without this
curved end the knot could not be tied.
The mechanism, shewn in fig. 14, by which this fork V, is caused to rise and to
fall forwards, and at the proper moment to move backwards, consists of a lever v,
mounted on a rod or shaft v held in bearings v³, in the side frames B, B. On one
side of this lever is arranged a rod 3, sliding in guides, v4, and it is this rod
which carries the fork. On the short arm of the lever, and pivotted to this rod v³,
is an arm v, carrying, on one end, a guide wheel or roller, which revolves upon
one half of the width of the periphery of the cam wheel 3, and on the other end of
the short arm is another roller , which revolves upon the other half of the width
of the periphery of the said cam wheel.
The cam brings the opening 5, under the roller 7, into which said roller drops
allowing the fork V, through which the loop has been passed, by the first needle q³,
to fall on the loop turning device P, by its own gravity. Here it receives the loop
which has been turned up over it by the loop turners and, as the cam revolves,
bringing the roller v, on to its even circumference again, it causes the fork V, to
rise carrying with it, and elongating the double loop to admit of the shuttle needle
passing through the loops and beneath the fork. When the roller v', is reached by
a swelling, in the periphery of the cam wheel, the roller v8, is reached by a slight
depression in the other half of the periphery of said cam wheel, thus causing the
fork V to retire quickly without either rising or lowering, and thereby releasing the
double loop. As the cam revolves it brings its even circumference under the rollers
thus pushing the fork forward again in readiness for the next loop.
We now proceed to describe a two-fold movement adopted for raising and
lowering the presser plate S, and, at the proper moment, operating the cutting
device 7, 8, (see figures 6, 8 and 11). Held to the back of the slotted cross bar T,
fixed to the arms L, L, is a sliding bar or plate s', free to move to and fro thereon,
it is formed with an inclined slots, which travels over a pin s, rigidly fixed in the
back of the presser plate S; at the same time this pin travels in a vertical slot s*,
in the back of the slotted cross bar. Hence it follows that, when the sliding bar or
plates, is impelled forward to one side, the inclined slot travelling over the pin s³,
causes the presser plate to rise in the slotted cross bar T.
Simultaneously with the movement above described, the cutting device is brought
into action in the following manner :-Secured to the slotted cross bar T, by screws u¹¹
which pass through the lugs u, u, into holes u¹ is a smaller guide bar U, along which
travels the block u¹, in connection with the lever 6*, from which it receives motion.

page_text: Rigidly fixed to the underside of the block is a curved slotted plate u², which actuates
a small crank arm u³, provided with a friction wheel ut. This crank arm is mounted
on a short vertical shaft or rod u, held and turning in a bearing, on the back of
the cross bar T. At the lower end of this vertical shaft or rod u, is a pin u7, over
which the slotted socket 8, moves up and down. This socket has two arms u³, 10,
and turns on an axis in the foot of the presser plate; the arm u³, is connected with
and operates the bar 88, of the cutting device being slotted to receive the pin s on the
bar. The other arm u is also slotted and operates by the pin f2 two smaller platos f. f',
(fig. 6) countersunk in the foot of the presser plate, the object of which is to prevent
the paper being cut by the thread when drawn through by the needles q, q¹.
The cutting device consists of a small bar 8, having a slot in its outer end
corresponding exactly to the position of the cutting blade ; this bar is caused to.
slide backwards and forwards in the groove in the foot of the presser plate by the
reciprocating action of the arm u³.
The nearly simultaneous raising of the presser plate and the operation of the
cutting device are brought about in the following manner :-
The block u', actuated by the lever 6*, travels along the smaller guide bar U,
whose curved slotted plate u², first operates the arms connected with the cutting
device then the said block strikes against a pins, fixed in the sliding bar or
plates (in which is the inclined slot 2, above mentioned) and carries this plate
with it, thereby raising the presser plate. On the motion of the cam 6 continuing,
the plate is restored to position by a spring s³.
For regulating the amount of thread drawn off the spool and used for each
pamphlet, the following mechanism is employed. W (fig. 3) is a screw threaded
rod connected to a cross head w, working in a segmental slot in the short arm of
lever M. This cross head is, in its turn, connected to the lever 7* which is operated
by cam 7. The screw rod is provided with a milled head wox, and works in a
tapped bearing secured to the underside of lever M. By screwing this rod to the
right or left, the length of travel of the thread carrier m, on the grooved shaft n, is
altered, and consequently the amount of thread used for each pamphlet is regulated.
The break is operated by the foot being pressed upon the treadle lever X, thus
causing the rod X', to press upward the bearing b, with the shaft D, and friction
wheel G, the said friction wheel G, then engages in close contact with the friction
wheel H, and, at the same time, the break block Y, is released from the cam
wheel 1, thereby setting the machine in motion.
On removing the foot, the bearing b, shaft D, and friction wheel G, return to
their normal position, the break block Y, returns and exerts its power on the
cam wheel 1, and the machine is stopped, independently of the run of the strap
pulley d.
The working of the machine is as follows:-The thread having been is passed
through the guide eyes y¹, y, y, between the tension adjustment y³, into the
thread guide m¹, and into the hook of the thread carrier m, thereby bringing a
length of thread directly above the needles. the presser plate S is raised and the
pamphlet or paper to be stitched and tied is placed on the table, its position being
determined by the gauge J. The placing of the guide eye y', on the lever M, is
very important for the proper working of the machine, for if the thread were
taken directly from to the guide eye y, to guide-eye-y²; the result would be that the
thread would become broken at each revolution of the machine. As the cams
revolve, the presser plate is lowered till it presses firmly on the paper, and at the
same time the first barbed needle-q², is pushed upward through the paper, the
thread enrrier,moving backwards to bring the thread-against-the-needle q', just
below the barb, simultaneously with which the needle-q', rises and the thread
earrier comes forward and causes the thread to bear against the needle-g', just
below its barb which, at this moment, is towards the interior of the machine.:
The thread-carrier -now-moves towards the thread guide, the needle y', descends
and the needle-7, rises with its barb ontwards. The thread carrier, at this point,

page_text: moves backward again, carrying the thread against needle-7, just below its barb,
and this needle descends, the thread carrier continues its travel until it reaches the
thrend guide at which point it comes forward and takes the slack thread-in-its
hook and carries it forward to its first position in readiness to be again operated
us just described-The-needle-q2, then entches the thread and pulls it down, thus
forming a long loop through the pamphlet or paper, through the fork V, and down
below the points of the loop--turners.-These then-move forward and upward
passing both its-points-through the loop and separating that part of the loop
which is below the fork into a large-loop, they then carry this loop-up over-the
fork which rises, doubling the loop on itself and forming two loops from one.
The two other needles pass in snecession through the paper, seize the thread
which is brought into position by the thread-carrier moving outwards, and draw
down two loops, the needles then turning-1-revolution to allow the shuttle needle
to pass through these-loops.
The shuttle needle then passes through the double loop formed by the first
needle-, and through the single loops formed by each of the other needles.
The jaws in the shuttle needle-open, grasp the loose end of the thread and
elese upon it. This needle then retires, retaining and carrying the thread through
the loops.
The thread carrier now moves to the left, tightening the double-loop upon the
thread, which has been carried through it by the shuttle needle, and thus what is
known as a square knot is formed.
The shuttle needle again moves forward a short distance, pulling the knot tight
and releasing the thread from its jaws.
As the presser plate rises for the next pamphlet, the thread is out off by the
entting blade-s, neting against the slotted blocks, and the thread is then brought
into position above the needles ready for the next and each succeeding-similar
operation.
The working of the machine is illustrated by Sheets 4 to 16 of the drawings. Sheets 5
to 16 show full sized diagram views. Each sheet contains a front elevation Figure A and
a plan or else a horizontal section Figure 13 and most of the sheets also a left hand end
elevation partly in section Figure C. These 12 sheets show the various positions the parts
of the sewing mechanism take during an almost entire single revolution of the cam shaft E
(Sheets 1 and 3) the approximate angles through which the shaft has revolved in the
several views being indicated on Sheet 4. In these views the plate j (Figure 3 Sheet 1)
which slides into grooves in the table I has been remored and parts are often omitted or
only partially shown to enable the positions of the others to be more clearly seen.
in most of the riews Figures B the table I and presser foot S are omitted and many of
them only show a few of the parts. In considering these views it will be well to bear in
mind that the table 1, the guide C and the guide blocks q³ and q are fixtures and
therefore serve as marks to indicate the various positions of the moving parts.
Thus
Sheet 5 shows the positions of the parts just after a sewn pamphlet has been removed
from the machine. The end of the thread is held between the sliding bar s of the cutting
device and the slot in the top of the presser foot S, the thread carrier m has moved to
the left and has thus drawn off a sufficient quantity of thread for the next pamphlet, the
small plate f which when a pamphlet is being sewn lies above and to the right of the
needle q and the small plate f¹ which lies above the needle q' have been drawn together to
the rear and the presser foot S is raised.
In the views on Sheet 6 the following changes have taken place:-a pamphlet has been
put upon the table I and the presser foot. S has descended so as to hold it in position.
the sliding bars of the cutting apparatus has retired freeing the end of the thread, the
small plates ff have come forward, the needle q2 has risen piercing the pamphlet, the
thread carrier m has retired to its extreme rearward position and the thread guide m¹
has been carried buck with it a short_distance bringing the thread into contact with the
needle q³, the needle q has commenced to descend again and has just caught the thread
with its barb, the needles q' and q have commenced to rise and the former is just piercing

page_text: the pamphlet its barb having turned to the back of the machine and that of q to the
front.
In the views on Sheet 7 the following changes have taken place:-the needle q has
descended drawing a long loop of thread through the pamphlet, and through the fork V,
the thread carrier in has mored to the right to partly supply the thread to form the
loop and some of the thread has also pulled through the hook m2 the resistance to its
passage being less than through the thread guide m' so that the thread can only be drawn
through the latter when its end is held as described in reference to Sheet 16. The
needle q has risen and the thread carrier m has come forward bringing the thread into
contact with it, the needle q has pierced the pamphlet and is still rising. The thread
just above the loop and shewn in dots now lies in the slot (Figure B Sheet 5) in the
presser plate S.
In the views on Sheet 8 the following changes have taken place:-the needle q' has
descended still further, the levers p³ and p* have swung forward together so that the points
of the loop turner P have entered and slightly spread the loop on the needle q the thread
carrier in having moved further to the right to supply thread for the enlargement of
the loop. the needle q¹ has descended and is about to catch the thread with its barb and
the needle q has risen slightly.
In the views on Sheet 9 the following changes have taken place:-the fork V has
descended on to the top of the middle of the trough or piece p³, the needle q² has risen
slightly to free itself from its loop, the levers p and p have swung more forward
carrying the loop with them clear of the needle q' but the levers have still moved together
so that the loop turner P has not revolved, the needle q' has descended bringing down a
loop of thread through the pamphlet (the thread for the loop having been pulled through
the hook m²) and its barb has turned to the left so as to turn the loop to the shuttle
needle R, the needle q has risen and the thread carrier m has gone back bringing the
thread against it.
In the views on Sheet 10 the following changes have taken place:-the lever p³ having
been arrested by reason of its screw stop på having come against the cross frame 12 of
the machine the continued advance of the lecer p' has caused the loop turner P to revolve
so that its points are now directed upwards, this motion has also caused the points to
separate by reason of the action of the pins on the frame upon the inclined part of the
grooves in the carriers of the points, the front of the loop has come against the guide C
so that the friction keeps it on the points and the needle q has begun to descend and is
now about to take hold of the thread.
In the views on Sheet 11 the following changes have taken place:-the lever p² in its
continued advance las caused the points of the loop turner P to further turn and separate
so that they now point rearwards and are above the tops of the sides of the trough p³,
the two branches of the loop pass beneath the points and round in front of the sides of
the trough p, the needle q in descending has caught the thread.
In the views on Sheet 12 the following changes have taken place:—the fork V has
risen to the underside of the table I carrying the top of the double loop with it and the
needle q
in descending has brought its loop through the pamphlet and the end of the
thread has just escaped from the hook m³.
In the views on Sheet 13 the following changes have taken place:-the needle q has
finished its descent and turned its burb to the left to open its loop for the shuttle needle R.
The needle q has risen slightly to open its loop. The shuttle needle R has advanced
through the three loops. The needle q' has risen still further into a slot in the
underside of the needle R to allow its loop to be pulled off and has then descended
again. The jaws of the needle R have been opened by the projection r° (Figure 6
Sheet 2) having come against the projection r on the underside of the table I and the
front branch of the loop on the needle q now lies between the open jaws, the thread
carrier m has moved to the right towards the thread guide m³.
.
In the views on Sheet 14 the following changes have taken place:-the shuttle needle R
has moved to the right and its jaws have closed upon the thread the thread has been
drawn out of the needle q and through the loop of the needle q¹ partially tightening the

page_text: stitching of the pamphlet and the thread carrier m has moved to the right to the back of
the thread guide m¹.
In the views on Sheet 15 the following changes have taken place:-the shuttle needle R
has carried the thread through the double loop the levers p³ and p have resumed their
original positions so that the points of the loop turner P are now at the bottom and are
directed forwards, the slotted bar s8 of the cutting device has begun to come forwards and
its notched nose now lies across the slot in the presser plate S, the vertical thread from
the thread guide m' lying in its notch, the thread carrier m has moved forward and then
slightly to the left and its hook m² has taken hold of the thread close to the thread
guide m¹.
In the views on Sheet 16 the following changes have taken place: the fork V has
retired to the rear freeing the double loop, the thread carrier m has moved to the left
drawing up the slack thread of the double loop, the slotted bar s8 of the cutting device has
continued to advance and is about to force the thread against the cutting blade s' the
thread still remaining in its notched nose being thereby prevented from being drawn by
the thread carrier m into the slot in the presser plate S, the shuttle needle K has moved
to the left and this with the movement of the thread carrier m has tightened the knot
afterwards the continued movement of the thread carrier m has drawn sufficient thread
through the thread guide m¹ for the next pamphlet.
And the continued movement of the shuttle needle to the left has drawn the end of the 2
thread through its jaws.
To bring the parts back to the positions shown on Sheet 5 the following movements take
place the sliding bar så of the cutting device forces the thread against the cutting
blade s severing it, the small plates f f withdraw to the rear and the presser foot is
raised, the shuttle needle R, moves to the right, the sewn pamphlet is removed and the 2
fork. V comes forward with its loop over the needle q³.
A pamphlet is thus sewn for each revolution of the cam shaft E.
Having now described our Invention and in what manner the same may be
performed we declare that what we claim is
First. The improved machine for stitching and tying pamphlets, papers, and the 3
like, having its parts constructed, arranged, combined and operating substantially
as herein described and as illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
Second. The construction of the thread carrier, together with the means of
connecting it and operating it by the partial revolution of the grooved shaft, as
described and shewn in figs. 1. 2. 3. 6. 8 and 9 of the drawings.
Third. The movement given to the thread guide m³, by the extreme oscillation
of the thread carrier shaft n, as described and shewn with reference to fig. 10 of
the drawings.
3
Fourth. The construction of the slotted bar s³, over which the thread is cut by
the blades, and the means for imparting motion to said bar, as described and 4
shewn with reference to figs. 6, 8, 11, 12, 13 of the drawings.
Fifth. The shuttle needle constructed of two interlocking pieces R, R', as
described and shewn, together with the means by which it is opened and closed,
and at the proper time gripped more tightly, as described with reference to
figures 4 and 6 of the drawings.
Sixth. In combination with the loop turning device P, the stationary piece p³,
between the loop turners proper, for holding the front side of the loop forward, as
described, and shewn with reference to figs. 6 and 7 of the drawings.
Seventh. The fork V, over which the knot is tied, constructed with one of its
ends curved as described, and as shewn in figures 6 and 14 of the drawings.
Eighth. The means employed for regulating the amount of thread drawn off
the spool, thereby determining the length required to be used for each stitching
operation.
4
5
Ninth. The means herein described for operating the loop turners and locating
the loop, consisting of the segmental gearing p, p', the spring p between the 5

page_text: arms p, p, and the adjustable stops p³ and p, substantially as described and
shewn with reference to figures 2, 6, and 7 of the drawings.
Dated this 14th day of October 1885:

page_text: Papers, and the like.
We, JOHN FERGUSON HASKINS and GEORGE DOLOR DAVIS, both of 114, Queen
Victoria Street, in the City of London, Engineers and Patentees' Agents, do hereby
declare the nature of this invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement, reference being. had to the accompanying drawings, and to the letters
and figures marked thereon, that is to say :-
Our Invention has for its object the construction of a machine for stitching and
tying (with a square knot), pamphlets, papers, books and the like, in a more
expeditious and secure manner than heretofore, whereby the result is a great saving
of cost for time and labour.
In order that our Invention may be clearly understood, we proceed to describe
the same with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which the same letters
and figures indicate different views of the same parts throughout.
Figure 1 (Sheet 1) is a side elevation (left hand) of the machine, and Fig. 2 a
front elevation thereof. Fig. 3 is a top view, or plan, of Fig. 1, and Fig. 4, a
horizontal section taken on the line e, z, of Fig. 1. In figure 4, the table and
portions of the side frames are removed, in order to show the arrangement of the
cam wheels and levers, which are in connection with, and operate certain working
parts of the machine, all of which are hereinafter described. Fig. 5 is an elevation
(right hand) shewing an arrangement of mechanism for applying a break, whereby
the machine may be stopped at any desired moment, simply by removing the foot,
and irrespective of the speed of the prime mover.
The above mentioned figures are drawn to an approximate scale of th. of the
full size, and shew only the more prominent or conspicuous parts of the machine,
the smaller working parts being shewn, for the sake of clearness, in perspective,
and on a larger scale in sheet 2, in which Fig. 6, is a front view, nearly full
size, shewing in their relative positions, the shuttle needle R, R', and mechanism
for opening and closing its jaws, together with the bar r, on which it slides, the
presser plate S, thread cutting device 87, 88, thread guide m¹, thread carrier m,
barbed needles q, q, q, and their holders; loop turning device P, and segmental
gear for operating same. In this figure the parts are shewn in the position they
would occupy just as the loop is turned over on itself.

page_text: Fig. 7 is a plan, or top view, of the loop turning device, shewing a stationary
piece p, which is used in combination with the loop turners, and which is a very
essential element.
Fig. 8 is a rear end (full size) of the slotted cross bar T, which carries the
presser plate S, the mechanism by which it is raised and lowered; also the means
adopted to operate the thread cutting device. This view also shews a grooved
shaft n, the thread carrier m, with its lever arm M, the thread guide m³, and a
finger n¹, on the grooved bar, in connection with the jointed lever N, for turning
said shaft at the right moment.
Figs. 9 and 10 are sections of the grooved shaft n taken respectively on the
lines a a, BB, of Fig. 8, the former of which shews the movement given to the
thread carrier m, and the latter a similar movement given to the thread guide m¹;
both these movements are simultaneous at the commencement of the stroke, and
are brought about by the action of lever N, a coiled spring n restoring the thread
guide to position at the proper moment.
Figs. 11, 12 and 13 (Sheet 3) are details, drawn full size, shewing the
construction of the slotted cross bar T, and the means of operating the presser
plate.
Fig. 14 is a detached view, drawn full size, shewing a fork V, over which the
knot is tied, and the lever and its connections with the cam for operating said fork
at the proper moment.
A, is the lower framing of the machine, to which are securely bolted, sido
frames B, B. Mounted in bearings b, 61, in these side frames, is the main driving
shaft D, clearly seen in fig. 2a, which is a part back elevation of the machine. This
shaft D, is driven by the strap pulley d. Above the driving shaft is another shaft E,
mounted in bearings E1, E2. Upon this shaft are mounted accurately and held by
adjusting screws, a series of suitable cam wheels numbered 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7.
These cam wheels, when revolved, together with their shaft, actuate a corre-
sponding set of levers 1, 2, 3, 4ª, 5ª, 6ª, 7, the function of each of which is
hereinafter particularly explained.
All the levers are provided with screw adjusting joints e, e, e, e, e, e, e, whose
purpose is to correct any inaccuracy of motion, which may arise from wear, in the
working of the machine. They consist of two knuckle joints, one of which is
provided with a screw which enters a tappet socket on the other joint, so that by
screwing the one into the other, any irregularity arising from wear may be taken
up. The levers have their fulcra on a shaft F, mounted in the side frames B, B,
and each lever moves independently on this shaft. The driving shaft D, and cam
shaft E, have keyed upon them any suitable friction gearing, that shewn in the
drawings, and consisting of the grooved wheels G, H, being preferred. When
these friction wheels G, H, are brought into contact with each other, by means of
a contrivance hereinafter described, and operated through the driving shaft and
strap pulley, motion will be imparted to the machine.
At a height convenient for the operator a table I is placed, and screwed to
supports t, t, on a cross framing 12. Openings in this table, closed by sliding
plates j, j, permit of ready access to the mechanism, for the purpose of adjustment,
oiling, cleaning, etc.
An adjustable gauge or guide J, is provided, and against this, the pamphlet or
paper to be stitched and tied, is placed.
Each of the side frames B, B, is formed with arms L, L, L1, L2, projecting towards
the front of the machine, the upper two L, L, of which, support the grooved shaft n,
upon which the thread carrier m travels and turns, within certain limits, as seen
in fig. 9 (Sheet 2). The lower arms L, L³, are connected together by the cross
framing, which, while strengthening the machine, serves as a necessary support
for several of the working parts. A cross bar 1, between the upper arms L, L, has
centred upon it, a telescopic lever M, which, through cam wheel 7, and lever 7*,
operates and governs the travel of the thread carrier m; also, secured to this, bar by
a screw, is the fulcrum of the lever N, which, through the cam wheel 2, its lever 2,

page_text: and the finger n¹, turns the above mentioned grooved shaft n, upon which the saiḍ
thread carrier travels and turns. This thread carrier, at its lowermost extremity,
is provided with a hook m², having a notch in which the thread is held by the
clip m³, said clip being kept to its work by the spring m. This contrivance is
clearly seen in fig. 6, which is a view taken from below. Another cross bar 11, has
upon it a spool o, and a box p, for containing a ball of thread.
The needle holders, carrying the barbed needles q, q¹, q³, which are three in
number, and placed at equal distances apart, move vertically in guide blocks q³, q',
on the cross framing ; the holders of needles 9, q¹, are also capable of a revo
lution, in combination with their vertical movement, said revolution being
produced by curved grooves travelling over pins fixed in the guide block q', the
object of this movement being to turn the loops at right angles to the shuttle
needle. The lower ends of these needle holders are connected by screw adjusting
joints e, e, e, to the lever 3*, 4*, 5%, which levers are brought into operation by the
cam wheels 3, 4 and 5.
P, is the loop turning device, which is of known construction (see Figs. 6 and 7,
Sheet 2), it is operated by the segmental gearing p, p, through the cam 2, and
jointed lever O, but in combination with this device we make use of a stationary
piece p fixed to the arm p³, carrying said loop turning device. This stationary
piece is a very important feature in this invention, and it has for its object to hold
the front side of the double loop forward and open, to allow the shuttle needle to
pass through said loop. C (figs. 6 and 6*) is a guide fixed to a bracket c, beneath
the table. This guide keeps the loop on the points of the loop turners and prevents
it flying off. The arm p* carrying the segmental rack is operated by cam 2 and
lever O. At the side of this arm p, is an arm p³, which is pivotted on the same
shaft and connected to the arm p', by means of the spring p³, coiled on a stud p³,
which always presses the arm p³, forward. The arm p³, carries the pinion p,
working in the segmental rack p¹, on the arm p', and revolving the loop turners
proper to form the loop at the right moment.
This revolution is accomplished as follows:-The arm p*, moved forward by the
cam 2, carries with it the arm p³, and the loop turning device thereon, the arm p³,
being prevented from moving faster than the arm p, by the screw stop pº, placed
on the arm på, and pressing against the back of the arm p'.
When the points of the loop turners have thus been carried through the loop.
brought down by the needle 92, the motion of the arm p³ is arrested by the adjust-
able screw stop p (Fig. 2, Sheet 1) which is a continuation of the arm p³, and
which presses against the cross frame, of the machine; the arm p* continues to
advance thus moving the segmental rack which it carries and revolving the pinion
on the arm p³, which evolves the loop turners mounted on their axis and forms.
the double loop in connection with the fork V.
R, R¹ is the shuttle needle, which is formed of a steel rod R, having a groove in
its upper part, in which is fitted and slides a strip or bar of steel R¹. The front
end of this strip or bar is formed with an enlarged portion r, which is provided
with a tooth which enters a notch contrived in the nose of the needle, and which
nose is made in a piece with the body of the needle. The opening between the
nose and the portion r, forms jaws, which, when partially closed, grip the thread;
they can however be made to close more tightly upon the thread, at the right
instant, by the screw attachment 1, beneath the table I. The rear end of the
body of this shuttle needle is held in a block r¹, which travels horizontally upon a
slide, rigidly fixed to the cross framing 1, and receives its movement from cam 1;
and lever 1*.
The mechanism by which the jaws of the shuttle needle are opened and closed
for the purpose of gripping the thread, consists of a block ³, fixed to the short arm
of the lever, and carrying a projection; the long arm of this lever carries a'
small friction wheel, travelling in and out of a hook-shaped guide, which moves,
in a slide, and is capable of adjustment beneath the table I. The block r³, has,
firmly fixed in it the rear end of the steel strip or bar R¹, of the shuttle needle, and,

page_text: this steel strip or bar passes freely through the block r¹, which holds the body
of the shuttle needle. On the block being caused to travel along the slide
the projection strikes against a stop, fixed beneath the table I, thereby opening
the jaws of the shuttle needle; a spring 10 closes them, on the shuttle needle
being carried back by the action of cam 1. By operating the screw attachment 11,
the guide hook is caused to advance or retire, thereby offering a greater or less
resistance to the lever, on its return to the guide hook.
The fork V, over which the knot is tied, is of peculiar construction, that is to
say, it has one of its ends curved over the other, as shewn in fig. 6. Without this
curved end the knot could not be tied.
The mechanism, shewn in fig. 14, by which this fork V, is caused to rise and to
fall forwards, and at the proper moment to move backwards, consists of a lever v,
mounted on a rod or shaft v¹ held in bearings v³, in the side frames B, B. On one
side of this lever is arranged a rod, sliding in guides v, v, and it is this rod
which carries the fork. On the short arm of the lever, and pivotted to this rod v³,
is an arm, carrying, on one end, a guide wheel or roller v, which revolves upon
one half of the width of the periphery of the cam wheel 3, and on the other end of
the short arm is another roller, which revolves upon the other half of the width
of the periphery of the said cam wheel.
The cam brings the opening v³, under the roller v', into which said roller drops
allowing the fork V, through which the loop has been passed, by the first needle q*,
to fall on the loop turning device P, by its own gravity. Here it receives the loop
which has been turned up over it by the loop turners and, as the cam revolves,
bringing the roller v', on to its even circumference again, it causes the fork V, to
rise carrying with it, and elongating the double loop to admit of the shuttle needle
passing through the loops and beneath the fork. When the roller v', is reached by
a swelling v, in the periphery of the cam wheel, the roller v6, is reached by a slight
depression in the other half of the periphery of said cam wheel, thus causing the
fork V to retire quickly without either rising or lowering, and thereby releasing the
double loop. As the cam revolves it brings its even circumference under the rollers
thus pushing the fork forward again in readiness for the next loop.
We now proceed to describe a two-fold movement adopted for raising and
lowering the presser plate S, and, at the proper moment, operating the cutting
device 87, 8, (see figures 6, 8 and 11). Held to the back of the slotted cross bar T,
fixed to the arms L, L, is a sliding bar or plate 81, free to move to and fro thereon,
it is formed with an inclined slot 82, which travels over a pin 8, rigidly fixed in the
back of the presser plate S; at the same time this pin travels in a vertical slot 84,
in the back of the slotted cross bar. Hence it follows that, when the sliding bar or
plate 8, is impelled forward, the inclined slot travelling over the pin s³, causes the
presser plate to rise in the slotted cross tar T.
Simultaneously with the movement above described, the cutting device is brought
into action in the following manner:-Secured to the slotted cross T, by lugs u, u,
is a smaller guide bar U, along which travels the block u', in connection with the
lever 6, from which it receives motion. Rigidly fixed to the underside of the
block is a curved slotted plate u³, which actuates a small crank arm u³, provided
with a friction wheel u. This crank arm is mounted on a short vertical shaft or
rod us, held and turning in a bearing u, on the back of the cross bar T. At the
lower end of this vertical shaft or rod us, is a pin u, over which the slotted
socket us, moves up and down. This socket has two arms u³, 10, and turns on
an axis in the foot of the presser plate; the arm uº, is connected with and operates
the bar 88, of the cutting device. The other arm u10, operates two smaller plates
ff (fig. 6) countersunk in the foot of the presser plate, the object of which is to
prevent the paper being cut by the thread when drawn through by the needles q, q'.
The cutting device consists of a small bar 88, having a slot in its outer end
corresponding exactly to the position of the cutting blade 87; this bar is caused to
slide backwards and forwards in the groove in the foot of the presser plate by the
reciprocating action of the arms u³, utº.

page_text: The nearly simultaneous raising of the presser plate and the operation of the
cutting device are brought about in the following manner :-
The block u', actuated by the lever 6ª, travels along the smaller guide bar U,
whose curved slotted plate u, first operates the arms connected with the cutting
device; then the said block strikes against a pin 88, fixed in the sliding bar or
plate 8 (in which is the inclined slot 83, above mentioned) and carries this plate
with it, thereby raising the presser plate. On the motion of the cam 6 continuing,
the plate is restored to position by a spring 86.
For regulating the amount of thread drawn off the spool and used for each
pamphlet, the following mechanism is employed. W is a screw threaded rod
connected to a cross head w, working in a segmental slot in the short arm of
lever M. This cross bead is, in its turn, connected to the lever 7 which is operated
by cam 7. The screw, rod is provided with a milled head wx, and works in a
tapped bearing secured to the underside of lever M. By screwing this rod to the
right or left, the length of travel of the thread carrier m, on the grooved shaft n, is
altered, and consequently the amount of thread used for each pamphlet is regulated.
The break is operated by the foot being pressed upon the treadle lever X, thus
causing the rod X', to press upward the bearing b, with the shaft, D, and friction
wheel G, the said friction wheel G, then engages in close contact with the friction
wheel H, and, at the same time, the break block Y, is released from the cam
wheel 1, thereby setting the machine in motion.
On removing the foot, the bearing b, shaft D, and friction wheel G, return to
their normal position, the break block Y, returns and exerts its power on the
cam wheel 1, and the machine is stopped, independently of the run of the strap
pulley d.
The working of the machine is as follows:-The thread having been passed
through the guide eyes y, y¹, y, between the tension adjustment y³, into the
thread guide m', and into the hook of the thread carrier m, thereby bringing a
length of thread directly above the needles, the presser plate S is raised and the
pamphlet or paper to be stitched and tied is placed on the table, its position being
determined by the gauge J. The placing of the guide eye y', on the lever M, is
very important for the proper working of the machine, for if the thread were
taken directly from guide eye y, to guide eye y', the result would be that the
thread would become broken at each revolution of the machine. As the cams
revolve, the presser plate is lowered till it presses firmly on the paper, and at the
same time the first barbed needle 93, is pushed upward through the paper, the
thread carrier moving backwards to bring the thread against the needle q³, just
below the barb, simultaneously with which the needle q', rises and the thread
carrier comes forward and causes the thread to bear against the needle q', just
below its barb which, at this moment, is towards the interior of the machine.
The thread carrier now moves towards the thread guide, the needle q¹, descends
and the needle q, rises with its barb outwards. The thread carrier, at this point,
moves backward again, carrying the thread against needle q, just below its barb,
and this needle descends, the thread carrier continues its travel until it reaches the
thread guide at which point it comes forward and takes the slack thread in its
hook and carries it forward to its first position in readiness to be again operated
as just described. The needle q, then catches the thread and pulls it down, thus
forming a long loop through the pamphlet or paper, through the fork V, and down
below the points of the loop turners. These then move forward and upward
passing both its points through the loop and separating that part of the loop
which is below the fork into a large loop, they then carry this loop up over the
fork which rises, doubling the loop on itself and forming two loops from one.
The two other needles pass in succession through the paper, seize the thread
which is brought into position by the thread carrier moving outwards, and draw
down two loops, the needles then turning revolution to allow the shuttle needle
to pass through these loops.

page_text: The shuttle needle then passes through the double loop formed by the first
needle q, and through the single loops formed by each of the other needles.
The jaws in the shuttle needle open, grasp the loose end of the thread and
close upon it. This needle then retires, retaining and carrying the thread through
the loops.
The thread carrier now moves to the left, tightening the double loop upon the
thread, which has been carried through it by the shuttle needle, and thus what is
known as a square knot is formed.
The shuttle needle again moves forward a short distance, pulling the knot tight
and releasing the thread from its jaws.
As the presser plate rises for the next pamphlet, the thread is cut off by the
cutting blade 87, acting against the slotted block 88, and the thread is then brought
into position above the needles ready for the next and each succeeding similar
operation.
Having now described our Invention and in what manner the same may be
performed we declare that what we claim is
First. The improved machine for stitching and tying pamphlets, papers, and the
like, having its parts constructed, arranged, combined and operating substantially
as herein described and as illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
Second. The construction of the thread carrier, together with the means of
connecting it and operating it by the partial revolution of the grooved shaft, as
described and shewn in figs. 1. 2. 3. 6. 8 and 9 of the drawings.
Third. The movement given to the thread guide m¹, by the extreme oscillation
of the thread carrier shaft n, as described and shewn with reference to fig. 10 of
the drawings.
Fourth. The construction of the slotted bar 88, over which the thread is cut by
the blade 87, and the means for imparting motion to said bar, as described and
shewn with reference to figs. 6, 8, 11, 12, 13 of the drawings.
Fifth. The shuttle needle constructed of two interlocking pieces R, R¹, as
described and shewn, together with the means by which it is opened and closed,
and at the proper time gripped more tightly, as described with reference to
figures 4 and 6 of the drawings.
Sixth. In combination with the loop turning device P, the stationary piece p³,
between the loop turners proper, for holding the front side of the loop forward, as
described, and shewn with reference to figs. 6 and 7 of the drawings.
Seventh. The fork V, over which the knot is tied, constructed with one of its
ends curved as described, and as shown in figures 6 and 14 of the drawings.
Eighth. The means employed for regulating the amount of thread drawn off
the spool, thereby determining the length required to be used for each stitching
operation.
Ninth. The means herein described for operating the loop turners and locating
the loop, consisting of the segmental gearing p, p¹, the spring p between the
arms p, p, and the adjustable stops ps and p³, substantially as described and
shewn with reference to figures 2, 6, and 7 of the drawings.