Improvements in Green Bone Cutters.
Year: 1898

page_text: Date of Application, 21st Sept., 1898-Accepted, 5th Nov., 1898
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Green Bone Cutters.
I, HENRY ANSEL HANNUM, of Chenango Street, in the Village of Cazenovia, in
the State of New York, United States of America, Manufacturer, do hereby
declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-
This invention relates to a comminuting machine which is chiefly designed to
cut green bones into small particles suitable for feed for poultry.
And the invention consists:
:
Firstly In the combination with the hopper, cutter and follower, of a feed-
screw pressing upon the follower and controlled in its action automatically by a
driver transmitting motion to said screw and retained yieldingly in its engage-
ment to release the screw under a predetermined degree of resistance of the
follower.
Secondly: In an improved construction of the cutter-head formed in one piece
of properly tempered cast-steel and with transverse grooves in its periphery and
with a cutting-edge on one side of each of said grooves.
Thirdly: In improved mechanism for turning the hopper and cutter-head
simultaneously by a single crank.
Fourthly: In novel means for detachably securing the hopper to its base so as
to permit the hopper to be readily removed for obtaining access to its base when
required for cleaning the same or for other purposes.
And, fifthly: In the combination with the hopper mounted revolubly on its
base, of a scraper bearing on the exterior of said base to remove substances oozing
from said part of the hopper.
In the annexed drawings,
Fig. 1 is a rear view of a machine embodying my invention.
Fig. 2 is a horizontal transverse section on line X-X in Fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is an enlarged vertical transverse section on line Y-Y in Fig. 1.
Fig. 4 is an enlarged inverted plan view of the follower.
Fig. 5 is an enlarged transverse section on line Z-Z in Fig. 3, and.
Fig. 6 is an enlarged transverse section of the cutterhead.
Similar letters of reference indicate corresponding parts.
A represents a standard, the top-plate A¹ of which constitutes the base of the
hopper B which is seated revolubly upon an annular horizontal rim a formed on
said base. Said hopper is secured to the base by means of a ring P which embraces
the hopper and is seated upon a circumferential shoulder or offset c formed on the
exterior of the hopper. Said ring is formed with hooks P¹ projecting from the
edges of the ring at points diametrically opposite each other and disposed reverse
from each other. Said hooks receive through them the rods T T which are
attached to the base A¹, and are screw-threaded and provided with nuts c¹ c bear-

page_text: ing on the tops of the hooks P¹. By loosening said nuts the hopper and ring car
be carried laterally from the base A¹ when desired to obtain access to the interio
of the hopper beneath the follower.
The upper ends of the rods TT are screw-threaded and pass through ears on the
ends of a cross-bar Y which is sustained on said rods by means of nuts applied
to the rods at the bottom and top of the cross-bar.
One of said ears is formed hook-shaped or with a lateral opening to allow the
cross-bar to be swung laterally out of engagement with the rod and thus removed
from over the hopper when desired to remove the hopper for cleaning the same
or for other purposes.
The top of the portion of the base A' which is inside of the hopper is shaped
convex and is inclined from the radial slot b to one side of the hopper as shown
at 61 to carry the substance under treatment more effectually to the face of the
cutter-head H which protrudes through the slot 6 and is beveled toward the said
inclined side of the base A¹.
The cutter-head H with its cutters v v I form in one piece of cast-steel properly
tempered. Said cutter-head is annular shaped and the periphery thereof is pro-
vided with transverse grooves, one side of each of which has its outer edge
sharpened to form the aforesaid cutters.
The lower end of the hopper is formed with an annular rack r, with which
engages a pinion r fastened to the shaft e of the cutter-head H. Said shaft
extends across the underside of the base A¹ and is journalled in suitable bear-
ings e¹ on the base. A balance wheel L is attached to the end of the shaft and
has adjustably secured to it a crank e2 by which to turn the shaft and thus operate
the cutter-head and simultaneously rotate the hopper.
C denotes the follower which is made concave on its underside to correspond
to the convex base A¹ and is provided with ribs or projections i to obtain a better
hold on the bones beneath it.
The follower is caused to rotate with the hopper by a vertical rib s on the
interior of the hopper, which rib passes through a notch s¹ in the edge of the
follower.
One of the essential features of my invention is the automatic control of the
travel and pressure of the follower on the bones or substance under treatment,
without arresting the movement of the cutter-head.
For this purpose I employ a tubular screw 1) which presses on the follower and
is revoluble independent thereof. Said screw works in a nutt which is sustained
on the cross-bar Y, and preferably formed of separable parts to facilitate the
removal of the screw when desired.
To the upper end of said screw is fastened a collar f formed with laterally pro-
jecting arms f¹ which terminate ball-shaped as shown at f2, or in any other suit-
able shape which will wedge upward similar shaped devices forced against them.
To the follower C is firmly secured a vertical shaft C' which extends longitudinally
through the tubular screw D, and has on its upper protruding portion a vertically
movable hub h, from which project lateral arms h¹ formed at their free ends with
balls, or with other suitably shaped heads, which, by excessively forced contact
with the balls or head f2, are caused to be wedged upward and to slip over said
heads for the purpose hereinafter explained.
The hub h is made to rotate with the shaft C¹ by means of a pin 7 passing trans-
versely through the shaft and through vertical slots in the hub, which slots allow
the hub to be crowded or wedged upward as aforesaid without depriving the pin /
of its hold on the hub.
The upper end of the shaft C¹ 18 screw-threaded and provided with a nut o, and
between this nut and the hub h is interposed a spiral spring o¹ which serves to
resist to a certain degree, the upward movement of the collar due to the forcible
contact of the balls 2 with the balls f.
The nut permits adjustment of the tension of the spring o¹.
It will be observed that the hub h with its described arms h¹ and heads h on

page_text: the arms constitute a driver for turning the screw D, and will perform said
function so long as the screw is under ordinary strain, but when said strain
becomes excessive, the heads h² of the hub h will mount upon and slip over the
heads of the collar f, and thus leave the screw C stationary until sufficient
substance has been ground away to relieve the screw from excessive strain, when
it will again be rotated by the contact of the aforesaid heads.
In the operation of the machine, especially when grinding so-called green bones
containing marrow and having more or less meat adhering to them, it is found
that some of the greasy and soft substances are liable to ooze through the joint
between the hopper and its base, and to prevent this from accumulating on the
base at the exterior of the hopper, and from clogging the rack and pinion r¹, I
affix to the base A¹ a suitable scraper ; which is in contact with the underside of
the projecting portion of the lower end of the hopper.
An aperture ¹ in the base in front of the scraper allows the scrapings to drop
from the machine.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is:-
1-The combination with the hopper, cutter and follower, of a feed-screw
pressing upon the follower and controlled in its action automatically by a driver
transmitting motion to said screw and retained yieldingly in its engagement to
release the screw under a predetermined degree of resistance of the follower.
2-The combination with a rotary hopper and a follower rotating with said
hopper, and a stationary nut, of a tubular screw working in said nut and pressing
on the follower, lugs projecting from the screw, a shaft fastened to the follower
and extending longitudinally through the screw, a driver mounted longitudinally
movable on said shaft and rotating therewith, and provided with lugs yieldingly
interlocking with the lugs of the screw, and a spring holding said driver in engage-
ment with the lugs on the screw, and yielding to a predetermined degree of re-
sistance of the follower as set forth.
3-In combination with a rotary hopper, the follower rotating with said hopper,
and a stationary feed-nut, a tubular screw working in said nut and pressing on
the follower with a revoluble bearing between them, a shaft fastened to the
follower and extending longitudinally through the screw, and screw-threaded on
its upper end, arms fixed to and projecting radially from the screw, a hub embrac-
ing the aforesaid shaft and movable longitudinally thereon, means transmitting
rotary motion from the shaft to said hub, rigid arms projecting from the hub and
engaging the arms of the screw by vertically wedging bearings permitting said
hub-arms to slip over the screw-arms, a nut on the screw-threaded end of the
shaft, and a spring interposed between said nut and hub to hold the arms of the
hub in engagement with the arms of the screw as set forth.
4-The within described annular cutter-head provided with transverse cutters
on its periphery all formed in one piece of tempered cast-steel, or equivalent
material.
5-In combination with the hopper provided with an annular rack on its lower
end, a shaft extending across the underside of the base of the hopper, the cutter-
head and a pinion both attached to said shaft, and a balance-wheel and crank
attached to the end of the shaft.
6-The combination with the hopper provided with a convex base and a rotary
cutter operating through said base, the concave follower provided with radial ribs
on its underside, as and for the purpose set forth.
7-The combination with the base and the hopper mounted removably on said
base, of a circumferential offset on the exterior of said hopper, a ring seated upon
aid offset and having on diametric opposite portions laterally projecting hooks dis-
posed reverse to each other, and bolts on the base passing through said hooks
and provided with nuts bearing on the tops of the hooks, the loosening of said

page_text: nuts allowing said ring with the hopper to be swung laterally off from the base
as set forth.
8-In combination with the hopper mounted revolubly on its base, a scraper
bearing on the exterior of said base to remove substance oozing from said part
of the hopper.
1000
HENRY ANSEL HANNUM.
W. P. Thompson & Co.,
322, High Holborn, London, W.C., Patent Agents for the Applicant.