IMPROVEMENTS IN COPYING PRESSES, AND IN THE METHOD OF MANUFACTURING THE SAME
Year: 1885

page_text: I, DANIEL SMITH, junior, of Raglan Street, Wolverhampton in the County of
Stafford, engineer, do hereby declare the nature of my invention for IMPROVEMENTS
IN COPYING PRESSES, AND IN THE METHOD OF MANUFACTURING THE SAME, to be
as follows:-
:
The object of this invention is to strengthen, simplify, and improve, the presses
named in the title, and also to simplify and cheapen their manufacture.
According to this invention, the bow and bed-plate are cast in one piece, instead
of being cast separately and afterwards fixed together, and are thus much stronger
than those made separately, and cannot become loose from one another-When the
ordinary projecting guides cast with the bow are used, these guides are stopped
short before reaching the bed-plate, so as to leave room for the top-plate to be
inserted between the bed-plate and the bottom of the guides, in order that it may
be placed in position between the guides-The bottom ends of the guides may be
tapered or rounded off, so that, in the event of the top-plate being screwed down
below the bottom of the guides, a lead will be given, by the tapered or rounded
ends of the guides, in drawing up the plate into its proper position again-The
inner sides of the bow may be formed flat at their lower ends, so as to fit against
the ends of the top-plate as the same passes down from the ends of the guides, so
that the plate will not turn out of position when out of the guides-The spaces,
however, below the guides may, if desired, be filled in with pieces of metal-The
bed-plate is strengthened by flanges projecting inwards from the lower edge of
each side, so as to act after the manner of a girder flange.
The bow and bed-plate are moulded from a single half pattern; of the exterior
configuration of one half of the desired casting, divided from the opposite half
vertically in a longitudinal direction-This half pattern is dowelled to an angle-
plate, formed of two plates at right angles to one another, which is made true on
the inner faces of the angle-The part of the half pattern for the bed-plate bears
against one inner face of this angle-plate, and the part of the half pattern for the
bow bears against the other inner face-A box part is accurately fitted to bear
against the two inner faces of the angle-plate, and is held thereto by means of
dowels and bolts, while the half pattern is rammed up therein-The half pattern
ID 077

page_text: is then again rammed up in a similar box-part, and when the two box parts are
put together, the mould for the complete casting, except for the coring of the bed-
plate, is formed within the box parts, and the parting at the top of the part of the
inould to form the bed-plate is readily slaked off, so as to obliterate the mark of
the joint A third box part is laid over a core box for coring the bed-plate, and
the core is rammed up so as to be carried by such box part-The parts to form
the inward flanges for strengthening the bottom of the bed-plate are moulded by
means of patterns carried in the core box, and drawn out therefrom with the core,
from which they are afterwards drawn out sideways-The box part carrying the
core is fixed to the two box parts already referred to, and the mould is then.
complete for casting.
The core for the screwhole in the bow is, of course, put in place as the two first-
described box parts are put together.
To admit of the rapping of the pattern, in moulding up the combined bed-plate
and bow, the dowels by which the half pattern is fitted to the angle-plate have
just sufficient play, for the purpose, in their holes, and they may either project
through the angle-plate, so that they may be rapped, or an opening may be formed
through the angle-plate through which a rod may be inserted into a hole in the
pattern, in order that the rapping may be effected.
A hole is formed through the top of the bed-plate, so that the press screw may
be inserted therethrough in order to be screwed through the bow-In order to
ensure the hole through the bow being drilled or rose-bitted true with the guides,
a guide or gauge may be placed between such guides, and the drill or rose bit
passed therethrough.
If preferred, two half patterns may be employed for the combined bow and bed-
plate, and these may be carried on a horizontal plate having a parting plate
standing up vertically thereon between the two halves of the pattern-The one
half is first rammed up and then the plate turned half round on a swivel and
the second half rammed up; or the halves may be carried in separate angle-plates.
Dated this fourteenth day of July 1885.

page_text: Manufacturing the same.
I DANIEL SMITH Junior of Raglan Street Wolverhampton, in the County of
Stafford, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of my invention for IMPROVE-
MENTS IN COPYING PRESSES AND IN THE METHOD OF MANUFACTURING THE SAME,
and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described
and ascertained in and by the following statement, reference being had to the
accompanying drawings and the letters of reference marked thereon (that is to
Bay):-
The object of this invention is to strengthen simplify, and improve the presses
named in the title, and also to simplify and cheapen their manufacture.
According to this invention, the bow and bed-plate are cast in one piece,
instead of being cast separately and afterwards fixed together and are thus much
stronger than those made separately, and cannot become loose from one another.
When the ordinary projecting guides cast with the bow are used, these guides are
stopped short before reaching the bed-plate, so as to leave room for the top-plate
to be inserted between the bed-plate and the bottom of the guides, in order that it
may be placed in position between the guides. The bottom ends of the guides
may be tapered or rounded off, so that, in the event of the top-plate being screwed
down below the bottom of the guides, a lead will be given, by the tapered or
rounded ends of the guides, in drawing up the plate into its proper position again.
The inner sides of the bow may be formed flat at their lower ends, so as to fit
against the ends of the top-plate as the same passes down from the ends of the
guides. The spaces, however, below the guides may, if desired, be filled in with
pieces of metal. The bed-plate is strengthened by flanges projecting inwards
from the lower edge of each side, so as to act after the manner of a girder flange.
The bow and bed-plate are moulded from a single half pattern, of the exterior
configuration of one half of the desired casting, divided from the opposite half
vertically in a longitudinal direction. This half pattern is dowelled to an angle-
plate, formed of two plates at right angles to one another, which is made true on
the inner faces of the angle. The part of the half pattern for the bed-plate bears
against one inner face of this angle plate, and the part of the half pattern for the
bow bears against the other inner face. A box part is accurately fitted to bear
against the two inner faces of the angle-plate, and is held thereto by means of
dowels and bolts, while the half pattern is rammed up therein. The half pattern
is then again rammed up in a similar box-part, and when the two box-parts are
put together, the mould for the complete casting, except for the coring of the bed-
plate, is formed within the box-parts, and the parting at the top of the part of the
mould to form the bed-plate is readily slaked off so as to obliterate the mark of
the joint. A third box part is laid over a core box for coring the bed-plate, and
the core is rammed up so as to be carried by such box-part.
The parts to form the inward flanges for strengthening the bottom of the bed-
plate are moulded by means of patterns carried in the core box, and drawn out

page_text: therefrom with the core, from which they are afterwards drawn out sideways.
The box-part carrying the core is fixed to the two box parts already referred to,
and the mould is then complete for casting.
The core for the screw-hole in the bow is, of course, put in place as the two
first described box parts are put together.
:
To admit of the rapping of the pattern, in moulding up the combined bed-plate
and bow, the dowels by which the half pattern is fitted to the angle-plate' have
just sufficient play, for the purpose, in their holes, and they may either project
through the angle-plate, so that they may be rapped, or an opening may be formed
through the angle-plate through which a rod may be inserted into a hole in the
pattern, in order that the rapping may be effected. A hole is formed through the
top of the bed-plate, so that the press screw may be inserted therethrough in order
to be screwed through the bow. In order to ensure the hole through the bow
being drilled or rose-bitted true with the guides, a guide or gauge may be placed
between such guides, and the drill or rose-bit passed therethrough.
If preferred, two half patterns may be employed for the combined bow and bed-
plate and these may be carried on a horizontal plate having a parting plate
standing up vertically thereon between the two halves of the pattern. The one
half is first rammed up and then the plate is turned half round on a swivel, and
the second half rammed up, or the halves may be carried in separate angle-plates.
DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS.
:
Figure 1 is an elevation and part section of the combined bow and bed-plate
cast in one piece, the sectional part shown being that indicated by the line a. b. c.
in figure 2; which is a plan of the bed plate and section of the bow through the
lines d d in figure 1. Figure 3 is a sectional elevation through the line e. e. in
figure 1 also showing the top-plate P in position to pass under the lower ends of
the guides y. y¹. Figure 4 is an elevation of the angle plate A; another moulding
box or box part B the latter being part broken away to show the half pattern of
the bow and bed plate C. Figure 5 is a plan of figure 4. Figure 6 is a sectional
elevation through the lines e. e of figures 4 and 5. Figure 7 is a plan of the core
block D used for the formation of the core F to core out the underside of the bed-
plate. Figure 8 is a plan of the core block D with the box part E in a position
for ramming. Figure 9 is a sectional elevation of figure 8. Figure 10 is a
sectional elevation corresponding with the lines n. n in figures 4, 5 and 8 of the
three box parts B. B¹ and E combined together with the moulds made therein.
Figure 11 is a sectional view of the box parts B and part section of the box
part E with the moulds formed therein through the line e. e in figures 4. 5 and 8
showing the fixing of the cores r and o also showing an end view of the box
part B¹ and part of an end view of the box part E. Figure 12 is a modification
of grooved guides also showing in plan how the flats c c prevent the plate P
twisting as it rises and before it gets into or on to the guides y. y¹.
The same letters of reference occurring on two or more views indicate corre-
sponding parts throughout the drawings.
I will now proceed to describe the process of moulding a combined bow and
hed plate, and the construction of a copying press according to this invention. The
half pattern C (Figures 4, 5 and 6) is secured to the inner side of the right angled
angle plate A by dowel pegs p and p'. The peg p¹ might be either screwed or
driven into the hole to receive it in the pattern C after it is fixed in its proper
position on the angle plate A. The box part B is now placed over and around the
pattern C and is fixed in position on the angle plate A by the dowel pegs f. f. f. f
in the snugs g. 9. g. g passing into the holes to receive them in the horizontal plane
of the angle plate A. In the vertical plane of the angle plate A there are holes to
correspond with the holes in the snugs g¹ g¹ of the box part B, in these holes are
inserted well fitted pins h. h which have a cotter i. i driven into the slots in the
points of the pins, these serve the purpose of preventing the box part-B from

page_text: springing away from the vertical plane of the angle plate A when the sand is being
rammed within them. After the box is filled with sand and properly rammed the
pegs p and p¹ that extend below and outside the angle plate A are now rapped in
opposite directions as indicated by the arrows j. j. The extent the pattern C is
moved by this rapping is limited by the holes in the angle plate A through which
the rapping pegs p and pl pass being only one-thirty second of an inch larger in
diameter than the pegs. After the rapping the pattern C is considered free in the
mould: The pins h. h are now removed and the box-part B with the mould therein
is lifted off the angle plate A. turned over and a core is placed in the recesses
formed by the prints k. k. which forms the hole that is intended to receive the
screw m shown in figure 3. Another box part like B (hereinafter called B¹) is now
fixed and secured to the angle plate A (there being no dowel pegs in this box part,
four loose pins like the pins h are used to pass through the snugs g into the
plate A) and the process of ramming with sand and rapping is again repeated. The
box part B with the mould therein is now taken off the angle plate A and joined
to the mould first made in the other box part B. These are secured together by
the cotters passing through the four dowel pegs f, one of which is shown on
figure 11. The lower snug is shown broken away to extend the section of B into
that of B¹. The joint now formed between the two moulds B and B is now slaked
off to prevent the mark of the joint appearing on the bed of the casting and the
corer is placed in the recess formed by the print s which serves to make the
hole z in the bed plate as seen in figures 1, 2 and 3. Figure 7 is a core block used
'to complete the mould and form the core F to core out the underside of the bed-
plate. tt. are two loose pattern strips which form the spaces that give shape to
the flanges u, u. in figure 3. v. vv. v are four holes to receive the dowel pegs f¹ of
the box part E. Figure 8 shows a plan of the core block D with the box part E
in position. It is now rammed with sand and the combined box part E and the
core block D are now turned over and after the core block is well rapped it is
lifted up leaving beneath it the core F containing the loose strips t t these are now
withdrawn outwards and the box part E and core contained therein is now placed
into the two box parts B and B¹ (figures 10 and 11), the core F being guided into
its correct position by the dowel pegs f¹ going into the holes into the snugs g¹ on
the box parts B and B¹.
1
The pegs have cotters i inserted in them as shown in figure 11; or the box
part E might be held down by weights placed thereon. After the necessary inlets
and risers are formed the mould for the combined bow and bed is then complete
and ready for casting, which when cast is shown by figures 1, 2, and 3.
It will be seen, that in this method of moulding that it is essential for the
pattern c to be correctly formed, that is to say the curvature and all dimensions on
the right hand side of the central line e e of the pattern C should exactly correspond
with the curvature and all dimensions on the left hand side of the central line e. e.
because since each of the moulds B and B are made off the same half pattern the
box part B with the mould therein has to be turned round to match and joint with
the mould and box part B¹, it is therefore evident that any error or difference in
the curvature or dimensions on either side of the central line e e of the pattern C
would become doubled, and produce a casting more or less defective around that
part that is identical with the joint between the two moulds B and B¹. And for
the same reason the central line e e of the pattern C should be exactly coincident
with a line central between the holes in the angle plate A, that correspond and
receive the dowel pegs f in the snugs g of the box part B. Also the centre of the
recess in which the cure F is formed in the core block D (figure 7) should be equi-
distant from each of the four holes v, v, v, v. And the angle contained within the
two sides of the angle plate A should be an exact right angle.
The advantages of this method of moulding are; skilled labour is not required,
and castings for presses named in the title can be produced in large quantities with
great uniformity at a low cost.

page_text: The bow and bed plate being cast in one piece there are no pins needed to
connect them. The press is very much stronger and cannot become loose, and all
the fittings between the bow and bed plate is entirely obviated.
In copying letters in the press, there is a great tensile strain thrown along the
lowest edge x of the bed plate (figures and 3) for the purpose of resisting this
strain and securing the greatest strength with the least quantity of metal the
flanges uu are formed within and along the lower edges of the bed-plate which is
further stiffened by the cross ribs, best shown dotted on the plan, (figure 2). I do
not limit myself to the width of the flanges u, u, they might extend inwards until
they join together and form a box bed, this could easily be done if the pattern
strips tt were made wider and provided with long slots that would allow them to
be withdrawn and at the same time prevent the severance of the core F from the
sand in the box part E (figures 9, 10 and 11). The parts of core formed by such
slots would also form holes in the casting whereby to extract the core F. To
strengthen the connection between the core F and the box part E. Pieces of bent
wire of suitable form should be inserted previous to the box part E and the core F
being rammed.
The bow and bed plate is now fixed in a suitable frame or holder in an inverted
position.
A template or guage is fixed within the bow extending from the guide y to y¹
(figure 1) one extremity of such guage embracing the guide y and the other
embracing the guide y', in this guage central with the guide y and y¹ there is a
hole which serves to guide a drill or rose-bit central and parallel with the guides y
and y. The drill or rosebit passing through the hole z in the bed-plate, then
through the guage just described, and lastly through the cast hole 1 (figure 1)
which it bores out true and parallel with the guides y and y¹. The hole just
drilled is now tapped. The screw m (figure 3) is now passed through the hole z.
The washer a¹ is passed on to screw m, and the latter is now screwed into its
proper position as shown. The top plate P is now placed on the bed as shown in
figure 3, and is passed along in the direction of the arrow n¹ until the guide
spaces d¹ on each end of the plate come under the guides y and y'. The screw m
(figure 3) is now screwed down into the recess h¹ in the plate P and the washer a¹
is connected thereto by three screws in the usual way. On the screw m being
raised it will take the plate P up with it and to prevent the plate from catching
the lower extremities of the guides y and y¹ the latter are both given a pointed
form as shown at d". When the plate P is down below the guides y and y¹ it is
prevented from twisting out of its position by the flat c¹ on the inner sides of the
bow shown in figures 2, 3 and 12, the latter showing them in a modification of
guides formed by a groove in the bow C¹ with a projecting piece on the plate P;
or the spaces between the lower extremities of the guides y and y¹ and the
bed plate might be filled up by pieces of metal being fitted therein..
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim as my improvements in Copying Presses and in the method of manufacturing
the same are;
1. The construction of Copying Presses having the bow and bed plate cast in one
piece substantially as described and for the purposes set forth.
2. The construction of the guides y and y¹ in figures 1. 3. and 12 so as to
admit of the insertion of the top plate P and giving the proper shape to the lower
extremities of such guides that will allow the plate P to rise freely and without
becoming locked against them as herein before described and shown.
3. The flats c¹ c' in figures 2, 3 and 12 or their equivalent that will prevent the
plate P from twisting out of position as it rises from off the bed-plate up to the
guides y and y substantially as herein described and shown.
2
4. The hole in the bed plate as shown in figures 1. 2 and 3 for the purpose of
inserting the screw m and getting the drill or rose-bit through the guage or

page_text: template that serves to guide such drill or rose-bit before it bores through hole 7 as
hereinbefore described and shown.
5. The flanges u. u. figure 3 substantially as described and shown and for the
purposes set forth.
6. The method of moulding a combined bow and bed-plate substantially as
here-before described and shown.
7. The combination of the improvements included in claims from 1 to 5
inclusive.
8. The combination of the improvements included in claims 5 and 6.