Improvements in Steam Generators.
Year: 1896

page_text: Date of Application, 2nd June, 1896-Accepted, 22nd Aug., 1896
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Steam Generators.
I, SEBASTIEN LACAVALERIE, a citizen of South America, residing at Caracas in the
Republic of Venezuela, Doctor, do hereby declare the nature of this invention,
and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement :-
This invention relates to steam generators; and the object thereof is to provide
an improved steam generator or boiler, which is simple in construction and
operation, and whereby steam may be more quickly and easily generated than in
ordinary devices of this class now in use; a further object being to provide a steam
generator in which the danger of explosion is reduced to a minimum, and in which
the water to be heated is contained in a plurality of main horizontal pipes, which are
connected by vertical and transverse cross pipes, and by pipes which are arranged at
an inclination or angle to the transverse and vertical pipes, and with this and other
objects in view, the invention consists in the construction, combination and arrange-
ment of parts hereinafter described and claimed.
The invention is fully disclosed in the following specification, of which the
accompanying drawing forms a part, in which ;-
Fig. 1, is a perspective view of a furnace and showing also in perspective a portion
of my improved generator;
Fig. 2, an end view thereof, a portion of the main, horizontal water pipes being
shown in section;
Fig. 3, a plan view, of one of the cross or connecting pipes which I employ, said pipes
being provided at one end with a head which is connected therewith, and at the
other with a similar head which is detached therefrom, so as to better show the
construction;
Fig. 4, a longitudinal section of said pipe showing one of the heads in position;
and,
Fig. 5, a transverse section of one of the main horizontal pipes.
In the practice of my invention, I provide a furnace A, which is preferably oblong
in form, and which may be of any desired form and construction and which is
provided at the bottom thereof, and near each side with a longitudinal base wall or
support a, and these base walls or supports may be composed of fire brick or of any
desired material.
In the construction of my improved steam generator or boiler, I provide two main
horizontal water pipes B, and B2, which are supported longitudinally by the base
walls or supports a, and which are connected at the ends by a transverse pipe C.
I also provide two other main horizontal water pipes D, and D 2, which are arranged
directly over the pipes B, and B 2 respectively, and which are connected therewith, by
vertical pipes d, and d 2, and two other main horizontal pipes E', and E 2, are employed,
the first of which is arranged centrally of the first four, and in line therewith, and the
pipe E 2, is arranged directly over the pipe E, and also above the pipes D, and D 2, and
is connected with said pipes D, and D 2 by inclined pipes F, and F 2.
The central pipe E, is connected with the pipes B, and B 2, and D), and D 2, by
diagonal or inclined pipes G, and the central pipe E, is also connected with the upper
pipe E 2, by vertical pipes g, and the pipes D, and D 2, and connected at their ends by
transverse pipes y 2, which correspond with the transverse pipes C, by means of which
the pipes B, and B 2, are connected at their ends.
By this arrangement of the main horizontal, and the connecting pipes, horizontal

page_text: chambers H, h, h2, h3, and h 4, are formed, and these chambers ar all triangular in
cross section, and are of such size as to permit of the passage of a man there-
through whereby the various parts of the generator may be repaired whenever
desired.
The main horizontal pipes are of novel form and construction, and the body
portions thereof, are of the form in cross section shown in Fig. 5, and each is provided
with a circular end which is closed by a cap K and in this respect the main horizontal
pipes, and the cross or connecting pipes, are of the same construction, and this
construction is clearly shown in Figs. 3, and 4.
The main or body portion of the cross or connecting pipes, are also of the same form
as the main or body portions of the main horizontal pipes, and by reason of this
fact, the construction of all these pipes will be clearly understood by reference to
Figs. 3, 4, and 5, and the following description thereof.
The body portion of the main horizontal pipes, and also of the cross or connecting
pipes, is provided with three longitudinal inwardly directed grooves M, whereby
three corresponding longitudinal projections m, are formed and the cross section
view, reference being made to Fig. 5, shows that the curves of these portions are
regular, and by means of this arrangement, I provide for counter balancing the
pressure of the steam therein, and thus prevent under ordinary circumstances, any
explosion thereof.
The pressure of the steam at the points m 2, operates to force the inwardly
curved surfaces m 3, together, and the pressure of the stem on the surfaces m 3,
counter-balances them at the points or on the surfaces m 3, and thus a counter-
balancing of the pressure within the pipe is secured.
Each of these pipes are also closed by tubular heads K, which are provided at
one end with a screw-threaded extension k, and at the inner end with a tubular
extension 2, which is adapted to be inserted into the. ends of the pipes, and to
be secured therein by rivets or bolts L, and the ends of the longitudinal grooves M, are
also curved as shown at m 4, and the tubular extension 2, are provided with
similar grooves or recesses k 3, whereby a perfectly secure and tight coupling is
made between the heads and the pipes, and the heads K, of the cross pipe are
adapted to be connected with the main horizontal pipes by means of the screw
threaded extension k, formed thereon, this connection being clearly shown in
Figs. 1, and 2.
The connection of the cross and connecting pipes, with the main horizontal
pipes may be made either in the longitudinal grooves or depressions M, or with the
outwardly directed longitudinal portions or projections m, thereof, and by means of
this arrangement the main horizontal pipes, six of which are employed, and the
connecting pipes are securely bound and held together, throughout the entire
lengths of said main horizontal pipes, and the danger of an explosion or other
accident is reduced to a minimum.
In Fig. 1, I have shown a water gauge 0, which is connected with the central
main pipe E, and a steam gauge P, which is connected with the upper main
horizontal pipe E 2, and said upper pipe also serves a steam drum, and in practice,
the entire apparatus is filled with water up to said main pipe E 2, which is also
preferably partly filled, and I also provide a safety valve R, which is controlled by a
weighted lever R2, and passing through the side of the furnace is a steam pipe S,
which connects with the upper main pipe or drum E2 and by means of which the
steam may be conveyed to an engine or motor, or to a heater or heaters.
The grate T, is supported by the furnace or base walls a, by which the generator
is supported, and said grate may be of any desired form or construction, and may
also be made removable if desired, and when the separate parts of my improved
generator are united, as hereinbefore described, it will be seen that four of the
main horizontal pipes thereof, B, and B 2, and D, and D 2, are arranged in the form
of a rectangle, or constitute a rectangular figure, and the horizontal pipe E, is
arranged centrally thereof, and the pipe or drum E 2, directly over the central
pipe, and also over the horizontal pipes D, and D2, and B, and B2, and in practice,

page_text: all of these parts are filled with water, and the heat or products of combustion
are free to pass and circulate between and around all of them, with the exception of
the bottom horizontal pipes B, and B 2, over which the heat or products of combustion
may also pass.
It will be apparent that by reason of this construction, the water may be quickly
and economically heated, and steam at any desire I pressure suppliel, and my invention
is not limited to the material of which the generator is composed, and I reserve the
right to make all such alterations therein, and modifications thereof as fairly come
within the scope of the invention.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of ny said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is;-
1. The herein described steam generator, which consists of six main horizontal
pipes four of which are arranged in the form of a rectangle, and one of which is
arranged centrally of the said four, the other being arranged over and in vertical
line with the central one, and also over the upper two of the first four, and said
horizontal pipes being connected by vertical and diagonal or inclined pipes, substantially
as shown and described.
2. The herein described steam generator which consists of six main horizontal
pipes, four of which are arranged in the form of a rectangle, and one of which is
arranged centrally of the said four, and the other being arranged over in vertical
line with the central one, and also over the upper two of the first four, and said
horizontal pipes being connected by vertical and diagonal or inclined pipes, the side
pipes of the first four being connected by vertical pipes, and also by transverse pipes,
the central pipe being connected with the first four by diagonal or inclined pipes,
and the upper pipe being connected with the central pipe, by vertical pipes and
with the upper two of the first four by inclined pipes, substantially as shown and
described.
3. A pipe for steam generators, provided with longitudinally inwardly directed
grooves and corresponding longitudinal outwardly directed portions, three of each
of which are employed, the curves formed by said grooves being regular in form, and
arranged so as to counter-balance the pressure within the pipe, substantially as shown
and described.
4. A pipe for steam generators, provided with longitudinal inwardly directed
grooves and corresponding longitudinally outwardly directed portions three of each
of which are employed, the curves formed by said grooves being regular in form, and
arranged so as to counter-balance the pressure within the pipe, said pipe being
also provided with circular ends and coupling heads, substantially as shown and
described.
5. A pipe for steam generators, provided with longitudinal inwardly directed
groove and corresponding longitudinal outwardly directed portions three of each of
which are employed, the curves formed by said grooves being rectangular in form,
and arranged so as to counter-balance the pressure within the pipe, said pipe being
also provided with circular ends and coupling heads said coupling heads being
provided at one end with tubular extensions, which are adapted to be secured in the
ends of the pipe, and at the other end with screw threaded tubular extensions,
substantially as shown and described.
Dated this 1st day of June 1896.
WHEATLEY & MACKENZIE,
40 Chancery Lane, London, W.C., Agents.