IMPROVEMENTS IN WATER-TUBE BOILERS
Year: 1881

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Friedrich Carl Glaser, of Berlin, in the Kingdom of
Prussia and Empire of Germany, Engineer and Patent Agent, for an
Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN WATER-TUBE BOILERS." A communication
from Herrmann Heine, of Berlin, in the German Empire.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Friedrich Carl Glaser at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 21st July 1881.
FRIEDRICH CARL GLASER, of Berlin, in the Kingdom of Prussia and Empire
of Germany, Engineer and Patent Agent. "IMPROVEMENTS IN WATER-TUBE
BOILERS." [A communication from Herrmann Heine, of Berlin, in the German
Empire.]
This Invention relates to improvements in steam boilers or generators of the
class known under the term of water-tube boilers, and more especially to the one
for which Letters Patent, No. 3736, dated October 9th, 1877, have been granted to
H. Wedekind (being a communication from my correspondent).
The present boiler consists, as the one just mentioned, of two parts, which are
termed the upper and the lower boiler, connected at both ends with each other.
The upper boiler is generally formed of one cylindrical shell; if more are used they
are arranged side by side. The lower boiler consists of two end chambers of more
or less rectangular shape, the extensions of which join the upper boiler. The two
chambers are connected by water tubes fastened in the tube sheets of the said
chambers, the outer plates of which form the ends of the boiler. The upper and
the lower boiler are preferably parallel to each other, both being inclined to the
horizontal from the front to the rear. The upper half of the upper boiler consti-
tutes the steam room, the lower half of the same, the end chambers, and
the inclined tubes connecting the same being filled with water. Each water tube
is made accessible by a circular hole opposite to it, and a little larger than the
outside diameter of the tube. As described in the said former Patent, these circular
hand holes are closed by inside and outside covers, all joints being faced, and the
inside cover making by means of a packing ring the steam and watertight joint. At
ED
1077

page_text: '
present the covers are held together by a central screw bolt, locking with a T shaped
head into a suitable recess of the inner cover. The inside and outside cover are
thus unlocked by unscrewing the outside nut of the central bolt only so much as to
be able to turn the bolt for a quarter of a turn to the left within the recess above
mentioned. The central bolt coupled by its nut to the outer cover can then be
withdrawn at once, the inside cover being pushed to the inside of the chamber.
The tube sheet and outer plate of each chamber are stayed against each other
entirely by hollow stays, as described in my former Patent. It is preferred to tap
the stays directly into both sheets of the chamber, the somewhat projecting ends of
the stays being rivetted over. The water tubes are spaced in horizontal rows
staggered against each other, whilst the distance between the tubes in the vertical
lines thus formed is the same as measured on the horizontal lines. The stays are
placed on line with the centre of the tubes, and in such a manner that each hand
hole, giving access to its corresponding tube, is held only by two stays or fixed
points, the centre of the hand-hole and of the two stays being on one straight line.
By this arrangement of the tubes and the stays the inside space of the chambers is
obstructed by the stays in the least possible way; the consequence is, that for
handling or moving the inside covers in the interior of the chamber, for carrying a
hose through one or the other of the hand holes, when opened in order to wash out
the watertubes with a forced jet of water, and for placing tools in the interior of the
chamber for cleaning or repairing, greatest freedom and accessibility is given. Any
inside cover when unfastened can be handled through the interior of the chamber
with the utmost facility, and may be taken out through the inside of the upper
boiler or through one small handhole, which may be placed in the neck of the
chamber joining the upper boiler. In consequence of this arrangement of the stays
there is also the least possible obstruction for the circulation of the water through
the chambers, and the rising of the steam through the front chamber to the
upper boiler.
The proper circulation of the water as rising from the front chainber,
together with the steam and the discharge of the latter, is facilitated by means of
an inclined plate put over the outlet of the forward chamber into the upper boiler.
The steam is thus made to follow the water circulating through the upper boiler,
and rising from the surface of the water the steam is guided along the lower side
of this plate, and turning over its top edge, it is carried off at the front end of the
upper boiler.
The gases as rising from the grate, which is situated underneath the forward end
of the lower boiler, may by preference be conducted along the heating surface of
the boiler in a horizontal way, being confined by side walls between which the
boiler is set. In this instance the, lower row of tubes may form a roof by means of
fireproof tiles slipped in between the tubes from underneath, the second row of
tubes then being left out. The gases thus not being allowed to reach the heating
surface of the boiler to any extent, before passing a firebridge at the end of the
grate, a complete combustion of the gases may be obtained.
After this the gases
having nearly reached the hind chamber turn upward and circulate over the
heating surface of the boiler by means of diaphragmns following the inclination of
the tubes; but these diaphragms are also made up partially by the water tubes
themselves and partially by properly shaped strips inserted longitudinally between
the tubes. The shape and location of these strips, in combination with the water-
tubes, form a trough into which leads the axis of a hollow stay. By these means
any ashes or other products of combustion having settled down in the said trough
are swept away lengthways, steam being admitted by a pipe which is pushed
through the bore of the stay. The gases after reaching the upper boiler may be
led off over the top of the same, or be carried downward by a flue.
The gases may
also be made to circulate over the heating surface of the boiler by means of
diaphragms placed crossways between the tubes or in combination with the
diaphragm, as described before. Instead of from a grate, the gases may be produced
from any other source.
The feed water is preferably introduced into the upper boiler and into the

page_text: direction of the circulating water, passing through it. For water forming sediments
the feed pipe will be extended into a reservoir placed inside the upper boiler and
following the inclination of the same. The reservoir being open in front and
closed at the back will retain to a large extent the sediment formed by the feed
water entering the reservoir at the front end, and being pushed by the action of
the feed and of the circulating water to the deepest point at the back of it, whence
it may be blown off whilst the boiler is under fire.
The before described improvements are shewn on the accompanying Drawing, in
which Fig. 1 shews a general longitudinal section of the boiler to a small scale;
Fig. 2 shews a part cross section and part end view; and Fig. 3, a part longitudinal
section to an enlarged scale; and Figs. 4 and 5 shew details to a still more enlarged
scale.
The boiler may be used for land and marine purposes, and is fit to carry. steam.
pressure up to 200 lbs. per sq. inch.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Friedrich Carl Glaser in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
20th January 1882.
FRIEDRICH CARL GLASER, of Berlin, in the Kingdom of Prússia and Empire
of Germany, Engineer and Patent Agent. "IMPROVEMENTS IN WATER-TUBE
BOILERS." A communication from Heinrich Heine, of Berlin, in the German
Empire.
This Invention relates to improvements in steam generators of the class known
under the term of water-tube boilers, and more especially to the one for which
Letters Patent, No. 3736, dated October 9th, 1877, have been granted to Hermann
Wedekind (being a communication from Hermann Heine, Mechanical Engineer, of
the City of Berlin, Germany).
The present boiler consists, as the one just mentioned, of 2 parts, which are
termed the upper and the lower part or boiler, connected at both ends with each
other. The upper boiler is generally formed of one cylindrical shell; if more are
used they are arranged side by side. The lower boiler consists of 2 end chambers
of more or less rectangular shape, the extensions of which join the upper boiler.
The two chambers are connected by water tubes fastened in the tube sheets of the
said chambers, the outer plates of which form the ends of the boiler. The upper
and the lower boiler are preferably parallel to each other, both being inclined to
the horizontal from the front to the rear. The upper half of the upper boiler
constitutes the steam room, the lower half of the same, the end chambers, and the
inclined tubes connecting the same being filled with water. Each water tube is
made accessible by a circular hole opposite to it and a little larger than the outside
diameter of the tube. As described in the said former Patent, these circular band
holes are closed by inside and outside covers, all joints being faced, and the inside
covers making by means of a packing ring the steam and watertight joint. At
present the covers are held together by a central screw bolt locking with a T shaped
head into a suitable recess of the inner cover. The inside and outside cover are
thus unlocked by unscrewing the outside nut of the central bolt only so much as to
be able to turn the bolt for a quarter of a turn to the left within the recess above
mentioned. The central screw bolt, coupled by its nut to the outer cover, can then
be withdrawn at once, the inside cover being pushed to the inside of the chamber.
The tube sheet and outer plate of each chamber are stayed against each other
entirely by hollow stays, as described in the former Patent. It is preferred to tap
the stays into both sheets of the chamber, the somewhat projecting ends of the
stays being rivetted over.
By omitting the central tube of the former Patent the water tubes are spaced
in horizontal rows staggered against each other, whilst the distance between the
tubes in the vertical lines thus formed is the same as measured on the horizontal
lines. The stays are placed in the horizontal and vertical direction on line with
the centre of the tubes, and in such a manner that each hand hole giving access
to its corresponding tube is held only by 2 stays or fixed points, the centre of the
hand hole and of the 2 stays being on one straight line. By this arrangement
of the tubes and the stays the inside space of the chambers is obstructed by the
stays in the least possible way. The consequence is that for handling or moving
the inside covers for carrying a hose through one or the other of the hand holes
when opened in order to wash out (without unfastening their corresponding covers)
the surface of the water tubes with a forced jet of water, and for placing tools in
the interior of the chamber for cleaning or repairing, greatest freedom and

page_text: accessibility is given. Any inside cover when unfastened can be handled through
the interior of the chamber with the utmost facility, and may be taken out
through the inside of the upper boiler or through one or two small oval hand
holes, which may be placed in the neck of the chamber joining the upper boiler
or any other suitable place of the former. In consequence of this arrangement of
the stays there is also the least possible obstruction for the circulation of the water
through the chambers and the rising of the steam through the front chamber to
the upper boiler. The proper circulation of the water as rising from the front
chamber, together with the steam and the discharge of the latter, is facilitated by
means of an inclined plate put over the outlet of the forward chamber into the
upper boiler. The steam is thus made to follow the water circulating through the
upper boiler, and rising from the surface of the water the steam is guided along
the lower side of this plate, and turning over its top edge it is carried off at the
front end of the
upper boiler.
The gases, as rising from the grate which is situated underneath the forward
end of the lower boiler, may by preference be conducted along the heating surface
of the boiler mainly in a horizontal way, being confined by side walls between
which the boiler is set. In this instance the lower row of tubes may form a roof
by means of fireproof tiles slipped in between the tubes from underneath, the
second row of tubes then being left out. The gases thus not being allowed to
reach the heating surface of the boiler to any extent before passing a fire bridge
or contracted area at the end of the grate, a complete combustion of the gases may
be obtained. After this the gases turn upward and circulate over the heating
surface of the boiler by means of diaphragms following the inclination of the tubes.
But these diaphragms are also made up partially by the water tubes themselves and
partially by properly shaped strips inserted longitudinally between the tubes. The
shape and location of these strips in combination with the water tubes form a
trough into which leads the axis of a hollow stay. By these means any ashes or.
other products of combustion having settled down in the said trough are swept
away lengthways, steam being admitted by a pipe which is pushed through the
bore of the stay. The gases after reaching the upper boiler may be led off over
the top of the same or be carried downward by a flue. The gases may also be
made to circulate over the heating surface of the boiler by means of partitions
placed crossways between the tubes or in combination with the diaphragms as
described before. Instead of from a grate the gases may be produced from any
other source.
The feedwater is preferably introduced into the upper boiler and in the direction
of the circulating water passing through it. For water forming sediments the
feed pipe will be extended into a reservoir or vessel placed inside the upper boiler
and following the inclination of the same. The vessel being partially open in
front and closed at the back, will retain to a large extent the sediment formed by
the feed water entering the vessel at the front end, and being pushed by the action
of the feed and of the circulating water to the deepest point at the back of it,
whence it may be blown off whilst the boiler is under fire.
The boiler may be used for land and marine purposes and is fit to carry steam
pressure up to 200 lbs. per square inch.
For marine boilers, in order to confine the combustion of the fuel to a space
surrounded as much as possible by the heating surface of the boiler, the grate is
situated in a kind of auxiliary boiler put underneath the boiler proper. The ends
of this auxiliary boiler are also formed by two water chambers connected at the
sides and at the top by water tubes corresponding to the length of the grate, thus
forming a fire box or furnace from which the gases as developed on the grate
issue to the main boiler above.
This auxiliary boiler is connected to the latter at the front and back end by
suitable pipes, and in such a manner that any steam generated in the first one
will readily be carried to the water level of the main boiler, and a continuous
circulation of water sustained through all parts of the auxiliary boiler, the

page_text: circulating water from the main boiler entering the latter at the back end and
leaving it, together with the steam at the front end, and thus returning in the way
just mentioned to the main boiler. The gases are allowed to escape from the
grate between the water tubes forming the roof of the auxiliary boiler only at the
front end of the same, the hind end of these tubes being covered by fireproof tiles.
A similar arrangement is made use of for land boilers in combination with an
inclined grate to make the fuel self feeding by its own gravity. In this case the
grate is set between the two side walls of the main boiler at the forward end of
the same, the grate being inclined to the horizontal at about 45 degrees. The fuel
is conducted to the grate through a hopper, and in accordance with the consumption
of the fuel going on at the lower end of the grate the fuel keeps on supplying
itself from the hopper at the upper end of the grate by its own gravity. The
residue of the fuel, the ashes, slag, and cinders are cleared off at the bottom edge
of the grate through an open space extending all along the width of the latter
and then slope down from the bottom edge of the grate to the floor of the ashpit,
thus forming at the same time a check to the fuel, which tends to slide down the
inclination of the grate.
The products of combustion as rising especially from the lower part of this
inclined grate are conducted below a roof, being nearly parallel to the latter and
allowed to escape to the main boiler above, after having reached almost to the
highest point of the grate. The roof, as mentioned, is formed by water tubes of
an auxiliary boiler, as described above, the same being in this case tilted from the
front to the back according to the inclination of the grate below. The auxiliary
boiler will be coupled to the main boiler in the same manner and for the same
purpose as described above.
The gases as rising from the grate are brought into close contact with a separate
supply of heated air on their way to the main boiler after having left the furnace
room, thus attaining a most complete combustion.
The waste gases passing off to the chimney may be utilised to give a part of
their heat to the separate supply of air intended for the purpose just mentioned, or
even to warm, when using the common plain grate, the bulk of the air which is
required for the combustion of the fuel.
The lower end of the inclined grate will rest on one or two water tubes crossing
the ashpit and being supplied by water circulating from the main boiler to the
auxiliary one.
Having now set forth the nature of the present improvements, which differ
somewhat in shape and are modified to suit the particular boiler to which
they are to be applied, I shall proceed to more fully describe the mode of carrying
out the same by means of reference to the two Sheets of Drawings hereunto
annexed. Similar letters refer to similar parts throughout the several views.
Fig. 1, on Sheet No. I., represents a stationary steam boiler, and shows a
longitudinal section through the brickwork joining the boiler and the flues of
the same; Fig. 2ª gives a cross section of one half, Fig. 2b a front view of the
other half, and Fig. 3 a longitudinal section of the boiler itself drawn to an enlarged
scale.
A is the lower, A² the upper boiler; the first is constituted by the front and
end chambers B' and B and the water tubes C, and the upper boiler is formed in
this case by a plain cylindrical shell D projecting at either end to some extent
beyond the chambers B1, B2, which join against the circumference of the same and
are by their form and construction not a direct part of it. The upper boiler is by
preference parallel to the lower one, both being inclined to the horizontal from the
front to the rear. Referring to the line of water level, marked in Fig. 1, the upper
half of the upper boiler forms the steam room, the lower half of the same the two
end chambers, and the water tubes between them intercommunicate with each
other and are filled with water; E is the grate, E² the fire door; the circulation
of the gases is represented by the arrows. The boiler being set between two side
walls F (see Fig. 2a), the gases circulating over the heating surface of the boiler

page_text: are confined by these and the end chambers, and when rising from the grate are
not allowed to expand directly over the heating surface of the boiler as formed by
the water tubes. For this purpose suitably shaped firebricks g' are slipped between
the water tubes of the lower row and form together with them a roof for the
furnace room, by which means a more complete combustion of the fuel may be
obtained. In the boiler, as represented by Fig. 1, the roof g¹ extends from the
front chamber along the greater length of the water tubes, and the gases issuing
from the grate flow below it, after passing a fire bridge E at the end of the grate,
through one or more apertures E, and are then at the end of the boiler conducted
over the heating surface of the same by means of diaphragms H and H2, which
are formed partially by the water tubes themselves and partially by longitudinal
strips placed between them, as will be explained more fully below. After having
escaped from underneath the diaphragm H the gases reach the upper boiler and
sweep through the room below it, being hemmed in on the top by the brickwork FL
joining the upper boiler below the water level, and are then carried off on top of
the boiler to the chimney flue K, or may be conducted to the same through side
flues passing off from the boiler below the water level.
The space between the lower and upper boiler is accessible from the hind end
through apertures F2 (see Fig. 1 and Fig. 2a) left in the brickwork joining the sides
of the back chamber and of the upper boiler.
The steam as generated by the water tubes in the lower boiler enters the front
chamber and passes through it to the upper boiler, together with the water
circulating with the steam. Above this outlet of the front chamber into the upper
boiler is placed a large inclined plate L, L, which butts against the forward end of
the boiler and touches the inner sides of the same. The steam ascending to the
water level is turned off by the action of this inclined plate, together with the
circulating water, into a horizontal direction towards the back of the upper boiler,
and is thus made to follow for some length the circulating water, which flows back
through the upper boiler to the hind chamber, and the steam is in this manner
made to disengage gently and without any obstruction whatever from the water,
and is guided by the lower surface of the inclined plate to the top edge of it and
gets through a narrow aperture between it and the roof of the upper boiler into
the space above the inclined plate, and is thence carried off by the steam pipe M'
entering the steam room from the front of the boiler.
The feed water enters the upper boiler likewise from the front through the feed
pipe N which extends into the inside of the boiler. For water forming sediments
to a larger degree the feed pipe discharges into a vessel O placed inside the upper
boiler (see Figs. 1 and 2a). This vessel is shown in this instance of cylindrical
section, and is carried against the end of the upper boiler, but it may be cut short
in front of the back chamber and then have its hind end closed. The vessel is
inclined in the same way as the upper boiler, from the front to the rear, and the
feed water entering the vessel at the front end and being warmed suddenly inside
the vessel will have a tendency to precipitate its impurities to a large extent and
to push the sediments thus formed to the lowest point of the vessel at the hind end
of the same. As the front end 01 of the vessel may be only partially closed below
the water line, the circulating water entering the vessel to some extent at the
front will have the same tendency as the action of the feed water, namely, to push
the sediments to the rear of the vessel, from whence they may be drawn off whilst
the boiler is at work by a pipe P joining the same at the deepest point.
Q is a manhole to give access to the inside of the upper boiler R', and R² are
pipe connections and cock for blowing off the boiler. Sand S2 are doors to get
at the front and back chamber.
The front end of the boiler may be suspended from a girder T, the back end will
rest directly on a pillar of brickwork.
Fig. 4 is intended to represent a boiler of the same dimensions as before, but
shewing a different manner as to the circulation of the gases. The roof g covers
here only a part of the furnace room at the rear end of the grate, and the bridge

page_text: wall E3 being carried up to the lower row of water tubes and making a joint with
the roof g', the gases are made to circulate as indicated by the arrows. By means
of a partition H³ which fills the interstices between the water tubes the gases are
caused to travel between the forward chamber and the partition H³, being guided
in a horizontal direction by the diaphragms H' and H2. The gases having emerged
into the space underneath the upper boiler, and being confined below the water
line of the same by the roof F¹ of the brickwork joining the sides of the upper
boiler, are carried off between the partition H³ and the hind chamber to the flue K
in a downward direction.
Some additional air may be applied through the fire door or the furnace plate,
as indicated by the arrows and 1.
A partition wall H joins the partition H³; the space U between the former and
the bridge wall E³ will serve to collect ashes and cinders carried along by the
draught, and an aperture set out by brickwork may be provided in the partition
wall H to remove them.
For purer water the vessel O, as described above, will not be required, and
introducing the feed pipe N¹ into the upper boiler as before, a small plate N2 at
the back end of same and crossing the bottom of it is provided, which will retain
a large amount of sediments in this part of the boiler, whence they will be readily
taken away when the boiler is opened for cleansing.
Fig. 5 shews a cross section, and Fig. 6 a longitudinal section through the
masonry and flues of a stationary boiler of very small heating surface, In this
instance it is preferred to have the chambers B1 and B2 extend for the whole
height of the lower and upper boiler, the chambers being rivetted to the very ends
of the cylindrical shell D. In regard to the small dimensions of the boiler and
for greater compactness the roof g' for the lower row of water tubes is left out,
thus giving room for the water tubes of the second row to be put in (see Fig. 5).
The space U may
be reached by a passage U₁ placed below the ashpit. The side
walls, as shewn in Fig. 5, are by preference made hollow, and a small amount of
air is made to circulate through the spaces thus formed in the side walls, and is
passed out above the grate into the furnace (see Figs. 5 and 6).
Fig. 7 gives a front view, Fig. 7b a cross section, and Fig. 8 a longitudinal
section of a stationary boiler as intended for export, or for instances where the
carriage of bulkier boilers is objectionable. The general shape of the boiler is the
same as the one represented by Figs. 5 and 6, but the gases after leaving the
diaphragms H are not passed directly underneath the upper boiler, but along
another set of water tubes (Fig. 7), the upper row of which is covered by brick-
work F, and thus the gases are carried off to the flue K without coming into
direct contact with the upper boiler. U2 is a plate giving access to the passage U¹
mentioned with the previous boiler.
In order to form boilers of larger heating surface, two or more boilers, as shewn
in Figs. 7 and 7b, are set side by side, each with its own grate E', being separated
from the next boiler by a side wall F. The boilers will be coupled to a collective
steam drum M² which may be placed across the top of the boilers. In the same
manner the feed pipe N and the blow off pipe R' of each boiler are connected to
corresponding collective pipes.
Figs. 9a, 96, and 10 shew an application of the boiler to marine purposes, Fig. 9a
representing one half of the front view, Fig. 9b the other half of the cross section,
and Fig. 10 a longitudinal section of the boiler.
In this instance the total construction is combined out of two parts, one main
boiler II, and an auxiliary boiler II, II. The main boiler does not differ in its
arrangement from that of the land boilers, but the upper boiler is by preference
provided with two cylindrical shells which are placed side by side (see Figs. 9%
and b) in the place of one as shewn in the different cases above. The end
chambers are also carried through the. whole height of the lower and upper boiler.
The auxiliary boiler II, II, is set right underneath the main boiler, shewing the
front chamber B³ and the back chamber B (see Fig. 10). The chambers are

page_text: connected at the top by water tubes C¹, and on either side two larger tubes C2 may
be provided, the ends of which are rivetted to the inner sides of the chambers.
The length of this auxiliary boiler is made to suit the length of the grate. An
aperture E³, corresponding to the width of the grate, may set through the front
chamber B³, the lower part of which may also be cut out entirely to give room to
the fire doors E. The roof over the hind part of the furnace is formed in this
case by fire proof tiles placed on and between the water tubes C¹ of the auxiliary
boiler. The circulation of the gases, as shewn by the arrows (Fig. 10), takes place
by means of the roof, g and the diaphragms H¹, H², Hº, and H, and they are
finally passed off through the space left between the two upper boilers D₁ and D°
to the chimney K'. The gases therefore circulate endways between the end
chambers of the auxiliary and main boiler. The sides are made tight by brick
work F fitted between the side tubes C of the auxiliary boiler, and by suitably
shaped tiles F placed between the outer row of water tubes of the main boiler.
The sides of the whole structure will besides be made air tight by a properly
constructed casing of sheet iron; f¹ and f² shew encasings and doors for the ends
of the boiler.
The auxiliary boiler is by preference coupled to the main boiler on either end
by a double line of piping VI at the front and V2 at the back, by which means
any steam formed in the auxiliary boiler is transferred, together with the circulating
water passing along with the steam, directly to the upper boiler, entering the same
below the inclined plate L, L, and a full supply of fresh water is taken back from
the rear end of the upper boiler by the piping V to the back chamber V* of the
auxiliary boiler.
:
W, W, W³, are staunch brackets for the auxiliary and main boiler to rest upon.
The front of the main boiler may be mounted on top of the front chamber B³ of
the auxiliary boiler.
As indicated by the arrow e³, an additional supply of air may be admitted above
the hind end of the grate from the rear through pipes e and tubular stays in the
back chamber Bt.
In both Figures (Figs. 9 and 10) are drawn the dotted outlines of a marine
boiler of the usual type, representing about the same heating surface as the one
just described.
Figs. 11ª, 11, 12, 13, and 14 shew the combination of an auxiliary boiler with
a land boiler for the purpose of making the fuel self feeding, by burning it on an
inclined grate.
Fig. 11 gives one half of the front view, Fig. 11b the other half of the cross
section, and Fig. 12 a longitudinal section through the masonry and flues of a
boiler having the same dimensions as the one represented by Figs. 1, 2, 3, and 4
on Sheet No. I., but set after the principle now to be described.
The auxiliary boiler II, II, (see Fig. 12) is composed in this instance of two
water chambers B3, B4, of circular section (water drums) which are connected at
either end by a tube C2 rivetted to the drums. These tubes C2 joining the lower
drum B at the highest point may be placed in the side walls F, and are therefore
not exposed to the impact of the gases. Care water tubes connecting also the
drums, and carrying the roof g which covers the lower end of the inclined grate E'.
The latter is charged from above through the hopper E, which can be closed by
doors E. The fuel is carried by its own gravity between a likewise inclined feed
plate E and the bottom of the water drum B³ to the inclined grate covering the
same, as indicated by the curved line X, X', (see Fig. 12). The fuel rests at the
bottom against the lower water space or the sloping brick work F3, and the residue
of the fuel, ashes, slag, and cinders gather below the lower edge of the grate on the
bottom of the ashpit, forming the sloping line X2, X2. The construction of the
grate itself may be manifold, depending on the peculiarities of the fuel to be
burned.
As the combustion on this grate is a continuous one, a small separate supply of

page_text: heated air is admitted at the moment the gases are leaving the furnace room on
their way to the main boiler to make the combustion most complete.
The gases leave the furnace room, as indicated by the arrow c (see Fig. 12), and
the extra supply of air may be admitted through small orifices c³, as shewn by the
arrow e. But as the gases are obliged to pass narrow apertures left between the
water tubes C at their upper ends not covered by the roof g, this extra supply of
air may also be carried from both sides into each stream of flame, as indicated by
Fig. 15. A short air tube e is placed on the upper end of each water tube C¹, where
the gases pass off to the main boiler, and small holes in the sides of these air tubes
allow the separate supply of air to impinge sideways against the gases, the arrow e
indicating the direction of them, and e¹ the direction of the air supplied by the air
tubes e. These air tubes e may also be made of larger section, and be supported
by two water tubes put close together.
The banner in which the extra-supply of air may be heated and conducted to
the orifices e or the air tubes e may be manifold, and for matter of illustration
may be done as shewn in Fig. 12. The waste gases passing off from the main
boiler to the chimney are carried across a system of pipes Y of suitable section,
which will not allow ashes or other products of combustion to settle to any extent
on the outside surface of those pipes. Through the inside of them circulates a.
continuous stream of air, which may enter first the lower row of pipes Y¹, then
pass to the next row Y², Y, Y, and so on, the inside air becoming gradually heated,
and the temperature of the gases surrounding the pipes being reduced. Finally
the warmed air is conducted by.a pipe Y5 into a distributing chamber or pipe Yo,
from whence the orifices e8 or air tubes 69 are supplied.
The system of air pipes y is placed between the partition walls H* and F* (see
Fig. 12). F is an aperture to get at the air chamber y, the air orifices or
tubes c, e, and at the roof g. F is an opening in one of the side walls for the
same purpose, and F7 (see Fig. 11a), and F7 the side room required between two
adjoining boilers ect after this principle. V¹ and V is the piping for connecting
the auxiliary boiler with the main boiler as described more fully above with the
inarine boiler.
But before the circulating water is passed back by means of the double line of
pipes V to the auxiliary boiler II, II, it is carried in this instance through the
pipes V3, V4, (but there may be only one), which crossing the ash pit are made to
support the lower edge of the inclined grate E¹ (see Fig. 12). The water may
enter from one line of the piping V², first the cross pipe V³, then on the other end
the pipe V, and after having passed it enter the drum B'. The other line of
piping V2 may connect direct to B.
The front of the ashpit is closed by a frame plate E, and the lower side of the
grate may be worked and manipulated through doors E⁰ suitably arranged in the
frame plate.
The boiler may be worked from two floor lines, the upper, one Z' being con-
venient for dumping the fuel into the hopper E, the lower one Z for working the
lower side of the grate, etc. But there may be only one floor Z³ at a medium
height.
The forward end of the main boiler is suspended from the girder T which is
supported by side columns T"; the forward end of the auxiliary boiler may also be
fastened to these columns T¹, thus making an unchangeable connection between
these two parts of the boiler.
In Figs. 13 and 14 the water chambers B³ and B of the auxiliary boiler are
shewn to be of rectangular section, being also connected by larger tubes C² rivetted
to the inner sides of them, and by the water tubes C¹ carrying the roof g. The
lower chamber B projects downward to some extent to form a base for the fuel to
rest against.
Instead of water chambers or water drums B³ and B', cheaper end connections
might be used, and I want to have it distinctly understood that I do not bind
myself to the form of end connections B³ and B, as here described and illustrated.

page_text: For matters of detail I have first to refer again to Figs. 2a, 2b, and 3 on Sheet
No. I. The principal point of the present improvements of this boiler depends on
the construction of the end chambers B1 and B2, which are built up as in the
before mentioned Patent of one outside sheet or plate b¹, and one inside sheet or
tube sheet b³, both being flanged in this instance (see Fig. 3) to the inside of the
chambers, and joined by a strap bª rivetted along the bottom and the sides of the
chambers.
The chambers when forming a part of the lower boiler only are rivetted, as in this
instance by a strong ring b* of angle iron laid around the converging neck of each
chamber to the circumference of the upper boiler; or in all cases where the
chambers form also part of the upper boiler, the cylindrical shell or shells are
rivetted firmly between the inner sides of those chambers. A substantial main
body of the boiler is thus obtained, being a plain piece of boiler work. The water
tubes fastened in the tube sheets 6 of the two chambers serve the purpose of stays
between these two sheets. But the outside plate b¹ of each chamber has to be
secured against its corresponding tube sheet 62 on account of the inside pressure
brought to bear upon it when the boiler is at work. As in the before mentioned
Patent opposite to each water tube a circular hand hole 65 in the outside
plate b' is provided to give access to the tube.
Now the present improvement of constructing the end chambers depends on the
distribution of the water tubes, and the stays required for the purpose just
mentioned.
The water tubes are divided in horizontal and vertical rows, staggered against
each other in both directions, the distance between 2 tubes of a horizontal row
being the same as measured between two tubes of a vertical row.
The stays are
laying both horizontally as vertically on line with the water tubes, and in such a
manner that each hand hole giving access to its corresponding water tube is held
only by two stays or fixed points, the centre of the hand hole and of the two stays
or fixed points being on one straight line.
The distribution of the water tubes C, their corresponding hand holes 65, and of
the stays may plainly be recognized from Fig. 20 and 2b. The clear spaces
between the stays form wide and unobstructed passages both horizontally as
vertically, and any manipulation which is required for the inside of the chambers
can be accomplished with the utmost facility.
Figs. 16 and 17 on Sheet No. II. shew a section of the lower part of the
chamber, as represented in Fig. 3 on Sheet No. I., according to a larger scale,
Fig. 16 shewing the front chamber and Fig. 17 the corresponding back chamber.
For all boilers it is preferable to make the water tubes C of one standard size, say,
3 inches diameter outside. The holes in the tube sheet 3 of the hind chamber
are drilled exactly to size, those in the corresponding tube sheet of the front
chamber about 1/16 inch over size, as the tubes are put in from the front and
expanded into place. The hand holes in the outer plates 6 of both chambers are
drilled about 3/16 ins. larger than the diameter of the tube to allow the same to
pass easily through.
As in the previous Patent, inside and outside covers are used to close the hand
holes opposite to each water tube, but the two covers are connected in an improved
nanner.
The inside cover, a cross section of which is shewn in Fig. 16 and a front view
in Fig. 18, making with the flange d' and by means of a packing ring d² the tight
joint on the inside of the chamber, projects with a cylindrical or globular hub d³
through the outer plate b¹. The outside cover d' is cup shaped to suit said globular
projection of the inside cover. The headed central bolt fastens by means
of the locking nut do the outside cover against the inside one in the following
manner: The T head d of the central bolt fits into a rectangular hole d³, which
enters the projection of the inside cover and ends with a recess, allowing the
T headed bolt d³ to make a quarter of a turn to the right, and then to be locked
by means of the two locking corners do. For unlocking therefore the device, as

page_text: shewn in Fig. 16, the locking nut is unscrewed only so much as to allow the
central bolt ³ to make a quarter of a turn to the left, and then the outside cover d'
with its central bolt and locking nut can be withdrawn together at once.
It is therefore not required to unscrew the nut entirely from its bolt when
opening or closing any hand hole. All surfaces making the joints for the inside
and outside covers as well as for the inside and outside of the plate bare faced.
To stay the outside plate of the chamber against the tube sheet, hollow stays
are made use of exclusively, which are mentioned already in the previous Patent,
and acting as safety stays proper, show at a glance any rupture of the stays by
leakage of water or steam. In regard to these hollow stays also which are shewn
by Figs. 16 and 17, an improvement has been made as far as they have been
used already, according to the before mentioned Patent for the cleaning of the
heating surface on the outside. The stays are made of hydraulic tubing as before,
but of such a size of section that an iron pipe can be easily pushed through the
bore of them, which pipe will carry steam direct to any point of the heating
surface to clean the same on the outside from the products of combustion, as ashes,
soot, &c. Fig. 16 shews the way how the hollow stays f are fitted into the
outside plate b and tube sheet 62 of each chamber. The stays may measure
11%, ins. and, inch inside diameter, which dimensions are customary in the trade
for tubing of this kind. Each stay being cut off from the pipe to proper length
is run through a powerful screw cutting machine, and the thread having been
milled away for a length corresponding to the inside depth of the chamber, the
heads only of the stay thus being threaded at f2, the stay is screwed home into its
place and the ends rivetted over at f³. On the outside the stays will be closed by
à cast iron pin f* (see Figs. 16 and 19), which fits loose into the bore of the stay
and prevents waste air from getting at the heating surface. The bore of the stays
measuring inch, a wrought iron pipe f5 (see Fig. 17) of about 5/8 inch diameter
may be easily pushed through the stay. The pipe f5, when connected by a steam
proof rubber pipe fe to the steam room of the boiler will, being of suitable length,
readily sweep away from the heating surface any sediments of ashes, soot, &c.
Fig. 20 represents a cross section of the lower row of water tubes C, with the
fire proof tiles g' placed upon them. The thickness a of these tiles is smaller than
the clear horizontal distance between two tubes, and the second row of tubes which
would be on the same horizontal line with the hollow stays f¹ (see Fig. 20) being
left out in this instance, it is readily understood that the tiles g¹ are easily taken
out or replaced from below.
Figs. 20 and 22 shew the construction of the diaphragm H1, H2, and Ho, of the
different boilers. Those diaphragms are made up partially by the water tubes
themselves and partially by cast iron or wrought iron strips h¹ of a suitable section,
as shewn in Fig. 21. When of cast iron the different lengths will be put together
lengthways by dovetailed joint ³, le, as shewn in Fig. 22. Each strip is placed
between 3 tubes c, forming with them a trough, into which leads the axis of
n hollow stay f¹. Any soot or ashes which will have settled on top of the
diaphragm, being constituted out of several troughs of this kind (see Fig. 2a), are
therefore in the easiest and surest possible way blown away by pushing the steam
blast pipe through the bore of the stay f¹ which leads directly into said trough.
The strips of the diaphragms H² and He may have a section, as shewn in
Fig. 2, which makes them removeable.
Figs. 23 and 24 shew how the partition H³ of the boilers, represented by
Figures 4, 6, and S, will be put together. The partition is made up of small cast
iron elements. and which go together on the tongue and groove joint. The
female or groove pieces are formed of two plates connected by an annular ring,
the size of the plates corresponding to the pitch of the tubes. The male or tongued
pieces project (see Fig. 23) after the dotted lines into the recess of the female
pieces l'.
For the different ways the chambers of the boiler are built together, it may be
referred to Fios 2ª 2b 3 16. 17 25 and 26.

page_text: The construction of the chainbers of the boilers, as represented by Figs. 1, 4, 11,
and 12, is fully illustrated by Figs. 2a, 2b, 3, 16, and 17, and has been already
described above.
The chamber of the boiler, as represented by Figs. 5 and 6, is shewn in its details
by Fig. 25. The outside plate b₁ of the chamber may be rectangular, as shewn by
dotted lines in Fig. 5. The shape of the tube sheet 6 is also shown by dotted
lines in Fig. 5: The plate bis fastened to the tube sheet b (see Fig. 25) by a
ring is formed of angle iron.
The boiler, as represented by Fig. 7ª, 7, and 8, has the chambers built in a
different way.
The bottom of the front chamber and the sides of it will shew a
section corresponding to the shape of the chamber, as shewn in Figs. 16 and 17.
The top of the chamber (see Fig. 8) is then closed by a cast iron or sheet iron head
turning its flanges to the outside. The hind chamber is in all respects the same
as the front chamber, only turned upside down (see Fig. 7, 7, and 8), the object
of this construction being to make the shape of the chamber handy for machine
rivetting.,
For the boiler, as represented by Figs. 9ª, 9b, and 10, the section of the chamber
on the bottom and on the top may likewise shew the same jointing together of
front plate and tube sheet as given in Fig. 16, but a section through the sides of
the chambers may correspond to Fig. 26.
The manner a boiler of this type is to be cleaned inside may be described thus
referring to Fig. 2 and 2b. The boiler having been blown off, a few conveniently
located hand holes of the front chamber only have to be opened, for instance, those
marked 1 to 6, therefore 6 hand holes for the whole boiler. A water hose is then
carried throu the open hand holes 5 or G, and the hand holes 1, 2, 3, and 4, allow
at the same me to direct the hose through the inside of the chamber into the
mouth of each water tube, which being inclined any sediment is swept away into
the hind chamber by the forced jet of water applied by the water hose. For sake of
convenience there are one or two elliptical hand holes m¹ placed into the front of
the forward chamber (see Fig. 2b), which allows the inside covers to be taken
outside the chamber or to be replaced. These elliptical hand holes may also be
put into the sides of the chambers having a side section, as shewn in Fig. 26.
Having thus fully described the nature and mode of carrying out this said
Invention, as communicated to me by my correspondent, I wish it distinctly under-
stood that I claim,--
First. The construction of the end chambers or water chambers for water tube
boilers as regards the distribution of the water tubes and of the stays securing the
outside plate of the chamber against the tube sheet of the same, this distribution
of the water tubes and the stays being such that each water tube, or the hand hole
giving access to this tube, is held only by two stays or fixed points, substantially
as described and illustrated.
Second. The inside and outside covers for closing the hand holes in the outer
plate of the end chambers of water tube boilers, together with the T headed central
screw bolt and its lock nut, being constructed thus, that unslacking the nut only
so much as to enable the bolt to turn a quarter turn in the same direction the
outside cover is uncoupled from the inside cover, substantially as described and
illustrated.
Third. The hollow stays for end chambers of water tube boilers, allowing a steam
pipe to be passed through the bore of them for the purpose of cleaning the heating
surface of the boiler from ashes and other sediments of combustion, substantially as
described and illustrated.
Fourth. The inclined plate in the upper part of water tube boilers which is
placed over the outlet of the front chamber, substantially as illustrated and for the
purpose as described.
Fifth. The inclined vessel in the hind end of the upper part of a water tube
boiler, in the front end of which inclined vessel the feed water enters in such a
manner that by the action of the feed and of the circulating water passing back

page_text: through this upper part of the boiler any sediments formed by the water are pushed
to the rear end of the vessel, from where they may be blown off, the boiler being
under steam, substantially as described and illustrated.
Sixth. The tiles g¹, forming with the lower row of water tubes connecting the
end chambers of water tube boilers a roof covering the whole grate or a part of it,
which tiles, according to their dimensions and the pitch of the water tubes, are
exchangeable from below, substantially as described and illustrated.
Seventh. The strips, each of which is placed longitudinally between three water
tubes, forming with these water tubes a diaphragm for the horizontal circulation
of the gases, and each strip forming with the 3 adjoining water tubes a
trough, into which leads the axis of a hollow stay, substantially as described and
illustrated.
In witness whereof, I, the said Friedrich Carl Glaser, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Sixteenth day of January, in the year, of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and eighty two..
F. C. GLASER. (L.S.)