IMPROVE- MENTS IN CONVERTING RECIPROCATING OR VIBRATORY MOTION INTO CIRCULAR** OR REVOLVING MOTION
Year: 1875

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Dawes, of Kingston Grove, Leeds, in
the County of York, Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN CONVERTING RECIPROCATING OR VIBRATORY MOTION INTO CIRCULAR**
OR REVOLVING MOTION."
Sealed the 14th September 1875, and dated the 10th July 1875.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Dawes at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
10th July 1875.
I, WILLIAM DAWES, of Kingston Grove, Leeds, in the County of York,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN CONVERTING RECIPROCATING OR VIBRATORY MOTION INTO CIRCULAR
OR REVOLVING MOTION," to be as follows:-
.!!
}
4
Dispensing entirely with racks and pinions, pulleys and bands; and.r
fixed back checks, palls or stops, I fit upon the centre boss or barrel of
the driving wheel, or its shaft, pin, or other equivalent part of the
machine to be " driven," or caused to revolve, one, two, or in some cases
four, levers, similar to or after the style or manner of an ordinary crank,'t
87.

page_text: but differing therefrom in the manner of fixing and working; this
difference consisting mainly in the fact that in lieu of being "keyed "
upon or made fast to the said wheel boss or shaft these "crank levers "
are "bored" to fit, and left unkeyed or free, and furnished with a pall
motion or action for driving or propelling the said wheel or shaft, the
forward way only, so that (except in some cases where one crank lever
only is employed, as herein-after explained) these levers do not revolve
with the wheel or shaft, but move or oscillate backwards and forwards
in alternate directions, their crank pin ends and the connecting rods
which couple them to the treadles, levers, or other "motors," being by
preference placed on opposite or alternate sides of the driving wheel
centre, and their connecting rods attached to or fitted to work upon one
"pin" or centre to each pair of rods and crank levers at the reverse,
vibrating, or "motor lever" end (or in some cases upon two pins
placed in or about the same line or position), and thus each connecting
rod and pall lever propels through the medium of its pall action
alternately, and produces a continuous revolving or rotating motion.
In those cases where it is desirable to employ one crank or "pall
lever" only I prefer to use an clastic or spring connecting rod attached
firmly, that is, without joint or hinge, to the vibrating treadle or ❝ motor
lever," so that the varying angles formed by or between them during
each revolution shall bend this spring connecting rod on alternate sides
from "nil" or straight, and thus cause its clasticity to give a transverse
thrust and prevent "sticking on the centres ; and by or through the
free crank or lever (which in this case revolves) and its forward pall
action " drive or propel the said wheel or shaft and following parts in
one direction only.
"
"
"
The before-named elastic or spring connecting rod or rods may also
in some cases be adopted when two or more of the pall levers are
employed, their use in these cases being in lieu of or in addition to
"check straps
or other stops for terminating the "stroke " or "travel"
of the motor lever or treadle; and in either of the before-named cases
separate springs may be employed with and in addition to the ordinary
non-elastic connecting rods (in lieu of the spring connecting rods) in
such a manner as to produce the same effect or result.
The pall action employed in conjunction with the before-described
pall levers and connecting rods may be of any convenient kind or

page_text: description, according to circumstances and the weight of the work or
power to be transmitted; but I prefer generally to use elastic or semi-
elastic cylinders, rollers, or balls, working or "acting" (as palls) in
suitable chambers or recesses at or near the ends of the before-described
crank or pall levers, which by their "bite" or "grip" (friction) when
moving upwards upon or against suitable revolving surfaces and the
combined use of their levers and connecting rods and the transverse
spring action produce a continuous, steady, and safe revolving motion,
however irregular or unequal the reciprocating or vibratory motive
power may be.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said William Dawes in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 8th January 1876.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
DAWES, of Kingston Grove, Leeds, in the County of York, Engineer,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Tenth day of July, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-five, in the thirty-
ninth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said William Dawes, Her special licence
that I, the said William Dawes, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, or such others as I, the said William Dawes, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no
others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
CONVERTING RECIPROCATING OR VIBRATORY MOTION INTO CIRCULAR OR REVOLVING
MOTION," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said William
Dawes, my exccutors or administrators, by an instrument in writing
under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly
describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed

page_text: in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said William Dawes, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement, that is to say:-
"
Dispensing entirely with racks, pinions, pulleys, bands, or "guts,"
and fixed "back stops," checks, or "palls," I fit upon the centre boss
or barrel of the main or "driving" wheel, or its shaft, pin, or other
equivalent part of the machine to be "driven or caused to revolve, one,
two, or in some cases four "pall levers," similar to or after the style or
manner of an ordinary "crank," but differing therefrom in the manner
of fixing and working, this difference consisting mainly in the fact that
in lieu of being "keyed" upon or made fast to the said wheel boss or
shaft these crank or "pall levers" are “bored” to an easy fit and left
"unkeyed" or free, and furnished at their outer or free ends with a
"pall" motion or action for driving or propelling the said wheel or
shaft the forward way only, so that (except in some cases where one
crank or pall lever only is employed, as herein-after explained) these
'pall levers" do not revolve continuously with the wheel or shaft, but
move or oscillate backwards and forwards in reverse or alternate
directions, their connecting rod pins or studs ("bearings") and the con-
necting rods which couple them to the treadle, lever, slide, or other
"motor" being by preference placed on opposite or alternate sides of
and at an intermediate or less radial distance from the driving wheel
centre, and the first or motor ends of the connecting rods attached to or
fitted to work upon or from one point, pin, or centre to each pair of
rods and crank or pall levers, or in some cases upon two pins placed
in or about the same line or position, and thus each connecting rod and
pall lever propels alternately, through the medium of its pall action, and
produces a continuous revolving or rotating motion.
$5
The kind or construction of "pall action" employed in conjunction
with the before described pall levers and connecting rods may be of
any convenient kind or description, according to circumstances and the
weight of the work or power to be transmitted or converted, but I
prefer generally to use semi-elastic "grip cylinders" or rollers, working
or acting" as palls in suitable chambers or recesses at or near the
"

page_text: "
outer or free ends of the before described crank or pall levers, which
by the "
" bite or "grip" produced by their own weight when moving
upwards upon or against suitable revolving surfaces connected with the
driving wheel or shaft produce a continuous, steady, and safe revolving
motion, however irregular or unequal the intermittent reciprocating or
vibratory motive power may be.
Modified arrangements of the "grip" or "pall" action will be found
in the accompanying illustrations.
ce
"
"
In lieu of or in some cases in addition to "check straps" or other
stops" for terminating the stroke or "travel" of the motor lever,
treadle, or slide, and pall levers, and otherwise rendering the action
smooth and certain, I sometimes employ elastic or spring connecting
rods attached firmly without joint or hinge to a terminating and uniting
'joint piece or block at their first or motor end, this "joint piece'
being fitted to work upon a pin, or otherwise jointed or hinged to the
motor lever or treadle in the usual manner, the position of or angle
formed between these rods being such that when straight or unbent
(free or unbiased) the distance between their free or crank pin ends
shall be about equal to the greatest distance between the two crank pin's
in the pall levers, or in other words, when the said pall levers are mid-
way of their stroke or travel, and thus as the end of their stroke or
travel each way is approached these elastic rods will be bent or sprung
towards each other by the curve or are formed by the "crank pins
in the pall levers, and the transverse thrust given by their elasticity
or "spring" will oppose the longitudinal or ḍirect pull and push of the
motor lever or slide until these two opposing forces become equal, when
the motion or movement in that direction will cease by a gentle and
quiet "cushioning" effect similar to that produced by the ordinary
crank and connecting rod.
"
In those cases where a sliding block is employed in lieu of motor
lever or treadle the ends of the elastic connecting rods may be fixed
direct into the slide or block, no joint or "joint piece" being then
necessary.
In those cases where it may be desirable or necessary to employ one
crank or pall lever only, the arrangement and action of the herein-before

page_text: is employed (with, by preference, a pall or "grip" action at each end),
and having a crank pin or connecting rod bearing at an intermediate or
less radial distance from the centre or fulcrum, as in the foregoing
descriptions or arrangements, the free end of the connecting rod being
fitted to work upon the same, as before, and the first or motor end
being firmly attached to the end of the motor lever, and thus, as before,
though in a slightly different manner, the combined use and action
of the same parts or details produces the same or required result.
In all or any of the before-described cases or arrangements I
sometimes employ separate springs with ordinary connecting rods
in such a manner and so arranged and employed as to produce the
same effect or result as the spring connecting rods alone when used
both in pairs and singly, as previously described.
To render the foregoing description of my Invention additionally
clear and intelligible, I have appended the accompanying illustrations,
wherein,―
Fig. 1 is a side elevation showing a pair of "pall levers," each having
a pair of "grip cylinders" or rollers.
Fig. 2 is
66
"
an edge way' or transverse section showing the "pin,"
driving wheel, and centre bosses of the "pall levers."
Fig 3. is a side elevation nearly similar to Fig. 1, but showing the
elastic or spring connecting rods.
Fig. 4 is also a vertical elevation showing the arrangement with a
"slide" in lieu of a motor lever.
Fig. 5 is an elevation showing the cushioning springs applied with
ordinary connecting rods.
Fig. 6 is a "plan" of part of the latter at the motor lever end.
Fig. 7 is an elevation with one "pall lever, connecting rod, and
spring.
The following letters of reference will also be a further guide as to the
details and their arrangement and action, namely,―
a is the centre or supporting pin.
6 is the centre boss or barrel of the driving wheel.
11

page_text: ff, are motor levers or treadles.
9, 9, are rings or revolving faces, against which the "grip cylinders"
68
or palls" act in an upward direction for producing the continuous
revolving movement.
h, h, are modified arrangements of the "pall" action.
i is a connecting "link" for spring and ordinary connecting rod.
:
j is a sliding block ("slide") used with cylinder and piston.
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of the
said Invention, and the manner in which the same is or may be used or
carried into effect, I wish it to be understood that I do not confine or
restrict myself to the precise details or arrangements which I have
described or referred to, as many modifications and variations may be
made therefrom without deviating from the principles or main features
of tho said Invention, but what I consider to be novel and original and
therefore claim as the Invention secured to me by the hercin-before in
part recited Letters Patent is,-
"
First. The combination and general arrangement of parts explained
and shown, embodying loose, free, or "unkeyed" "pall" or propelling
levers working freely upon the centre boss or barrel of the driving wheel
or other equivalent part, and having "grip cylinders" or rollers, or other
palls," at their outer or free ends and connecting rod, pins, or studs
("bearings") at an intermediate or less radial distance from the centre
or fulcrum, and by preference when two or more are employed on the
opposite sides of the said centre or fulcrum, the connecting rods being
coupled to or worked from one point, pin, or centre at their reverse first
or motor ends.
Secondly. The combination with the parts set forth in the above first
claim of the spring or elastic connecting rods or springs and ordinary
connecting rods combined for coupling the pall levers to the motor lever
or slide, terminating or cushioning the "stroke' or travel," and
preventing sticking on the centres, virtually or substantially as
described and set forth, and for the purpose or object specified, namely,
"
"
"

page_text: converting an intermittent, reciprocating, or vibratory motion into a
steady, uniform, and continuous circular or revolving motion.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Dawes, have hercunto set
my hand and seal, this Seventh day of January, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-six.
Witness,
CHARLES BAILEY,
Architect,
Central Market Bldgs.,
Leeds.
WILLIAM DAWES. (L.s.)