An Improved Machine for Cutting, Breaking, Crushing, Grinding, and Pulverizing Substances.
Year: 1895

page_text: Date of Application, 2nd May, 1895-Accepted, 24th Aug., 1895
[Communicated from abroad by MAXIME SIMONET, of Quintin, Cotes-du-Nord,
France, Mechanical Constructor.]
An Improved Machine for Cutting, Breaking, Crushing, Grinding,
and Pulverizing Substances.
I, HUGH DONALD FITZPATRICK of 70 Wellington Street, Glasgow, Registered
Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement :-
This invention relates to an improved machine for cutting, breaking, crushing,
grinding and pulverizing substances.
The machine as constructed in accordance with my invention possesses great
strength combined with rapidity of action. It can be used to grind or pulverize
phosphatic earth. paper stuff or paste, brick clay, mineral phosphates, pipe clay,
cement, plaster, glazed ware and other substances.
The machine consists essentially of two parts viz. the crushing or grinding mill
proper and an automatically acting breaker or cutter mounted on top of the mill.
And in order that my said invention may be properly understood I have hereunto
appended an explanatory sheet of drawings, whereon,
Fig. 1 is a perspective view of the mill with the cover raised up so as to show
the interior.
Fig. 2 shows the grinding or crushing cylinders D, D¹, in end view and the
cutter L in section.
Fig. 3 is an exterior view of the upper part of the mill.
Fig. 4 is a plan view of the toothed cylinder A and its block or anvil B, the
casing O being shown in section.
Fig. 5 shows in side view and in horizontal section pieces of the helical ribs E
to an enlarged scale.
The automatically acting breaker or cutter which is shown at Figs. 3 and 4,
consists of a cylinder A provided with rows of steel teeth or combs a on its
periphery. The cylinder is rotated by means of the gearing shown in Fig. 3
driven from the main shaft F of the machine and its teeth are caused to work
against a row of steel teeth 6 on an anvil or block B which latter can, in order to
suit the work, be moved nearer to or further from the cylinder by means of the
regulating screws C, C¹. The casing or receiver O is, as shown at Fig. 3, mounted
directly on top of the mill P and the breaker or cutter A is so arranged therein
that it is directly above the passage X leading from the receiver to the mill P so
that material to be operated on, which is fed into the receiver at O', must first pass
through the device A, B, where it is broken up and disintegrated before it gains
access to the mill. As the speed of the device A, B, can be regulated at will, it
follows, that, by its means, the rate of admission of the material to the mill can
also be easily regulated. The breaker or cutter therefore serves the purpose of an
admission valve.
The grinding or crushing mill consists of two cast steel cylinders D, D¹, each
having 16 helical ribs E extending the whole length of its periphery. These ribs
have on their working surfaces a number of dovetail grooves or recesses,¹,
those,
on the cylinder D, being formed on the bark of the advancing ribs whilst
thu,, of the cylinder D₁ are formed on the front side of the advancing ribs
see Figs. 2 and 5. These grooves 1, d, are, as shown, inclined at about an angle
of 45°.

page_text: As will be seen at Fig. 1 the power shaft F, driven by the belt pulleys F¹,
actuates the pinion f which in its turn actuates the spur wheel f¹ keyed on the
shaft d' of the cylinder D' which latter by the engagement of the ribs E drives
the cylinder D. In this manner both cylinders are rotated simultaneously in the
direction of the arrows Fig. 2.
The ribs E of the cylinders D, D', which work into and engage with one
another present in conjunction with the recesses e, el, a very large grinding
surface.
To ensure a proper and progressive treatment of the material being operated on
I provide movable plates Garranged above, and below the cylinders D, D¹. These
plates can be moved nearer to or further from the cylinders, as the nature of the
work requires, by means of the regulating screws I on the outside
The plates, which are curved so as to fit the cylinders, bave, on their inner
surfaces, sharp double ribs g which rub frictionally on the surface of the cylinders.
These plates do not extend the full length of the machine but only about 3 of
the length and the remaining space is occupied by smooth plates I which are for
the purpose of retaining the material and thus forcing all its molecules to return
and again undergo the action of the ribs E in order that they may be perfectly
reduced.
For quickening and improving the work I place, in the bottom of the casing, the
cutter L composed of five steel cutting plates m which are separated from each
other by plates of wood or iron and on account of their shape produce a cutting
and rubbing action under the cylinders at the point of intersection thereby cutting
up any long fibres or pieces which may be carried over the cylinders and so
expediting the work.
y is the outlet for the powdered or broken material.
The cylinders, as aforesaid, present a very large grinding or crushing surface
and their effect is augmented by the shearing or cutting ection of the grooves or
recesses, upon each other.
Owing to the shape and arrangement of the grooves, they are ratomatically
sharpened by the frictional rubbing of the rib one on the other.
'
With titin machine the material introduced to its cut, neal.
disintegrated by the striking or sting action of fly meg
the teeth, then thoroughly on puiverizon by the action of
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1. The general arrangement and combination of parts of the machine substan-
tially as hereinbefore described with reference to the drawings annexed.
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2
2. In combination, a grinding or crushing mill P having cylinders D, D¹,
provided with helical ribs E and a superposed preparatory breake, or catter A,
constructed and arranged substantially as hereinbefore de aribel with reformes to
the drawings annexed.
3. In combination, the mill P with it, cylinder D, the mov