AN IMPROVED BAKING POWDER
Year: 1884

page_text: I, ANDREW MCDONALD of 3 Valeview Terrace Langside, in the County of
Renfrew, Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"AN IMPROVED BAKING POWDER," to be as follows:-
"
This Invention relates to an improved baking powder for use in making bread,
cakes, biscuits, pastry puddings, and the like, and has for its object to provide a
cheaper powder than heretofore for these purposes.
Hitherto in the manufacture of baking powders Creain of Tartar, or Tartaric
Acid has been usually employed.
These substances form a Salt difficult to dissolve and which I consider to be
injurious to the system. Instead of Cream of Tartar or Tartaric Acid, I use the
acid or Bi-sulphate of Potash or of Soda, the acid or Bi-sulphate of Potash by
preference, as I find these acids or Bi-sulphates, besides being much cheaper are
equally if not more effective and are much more easily dissolved than the salts of
Cream of Tartar or of Tartaric Acid.
The Acids or Bi-sulphates of Potash and of Soda are for the purposes of my said
Invention, preferably used in the anhydrous state of these salts, and they are
mixed with Rice flour, farina, or other flours and Carbonate or Bi-carbonate of
Soda or of Potash, so as to constitute the improved baking powder.
Proportions which I find well adapted and satisfactory for general use are of
Rice flour, farina, or other flour, one to two ounces.
Bi-carbonate of Soda or of Potash, one ounce.
Bi-sulphate of Potash or of Soda, one to one and one-half ounces,
or when Carbonate of Soda or of Potash is used instead of the Bi-carbonate of
these substances of,
Rice flour, farina, or other flour one to two ounces.
Carbonate of Soda or of Potash about two ounces.
Bi-sulphate of Potash or of Soda one to one and one half ounces.
It is however to be understood that I do not confine myself to these proportions
as they may be modified without departing from the main or essential feature of
my said Invention which is to provide in baking powder a cheap and efficient
substitute for Cream of Tartar, or Tartaric Acid, and one equally capable of
liberating Carbonic Acid in making bread.
Speaking generally when the Carbonate of Soda or of Potash is used instead of
Bi-carbonate of these substances about double the quantity of Carbonate as

page_text: compared with Bi-carbonate is employed and in substituting the Acid or Bi-sulphate
of Potash or of Soda for Cream of Tartar about half the quantity of Bi-sulphate as
compared with Cream of Tartar will suffice. In substituting the Bi-sulphates
instead of Tartaric Acid, they may be employed in quantities equal to the
proportions, of Tartaric Acid, hitherto used.
The Acid Bi-sulphate of Potash for employment under this Invention, may be
obtained in any of the usual methods, but it is preferably procured by treating
pure Nitrate of Potash with Sulphur Sulphuric Acid in manufacturing Nitric
Acid or Vitriol. The bye product thus obtained is a pure acid Bi-sulphate of
Potash which, after being ground to a powder by any suitable means is ready
for use.
Pure Nitrate of Soda may be treated in the same way, with Sulphur Sulphuric
Acid, thus producing a bye product of pure Acid Bi-sulphate of Soda, for the
purposes of this Invention, which, after being ground to a powder is ready
for use.
These bye products of Bi-sulphate of Potash and Soda, may be crystallized either
with or without the addition of Sulphuric Acid. When crude materials are used
in the manufacture of Nitric Acid or Vitriol, the bye products (Bi-sulphate of
Potash and of Soda), may be crystallized in the same way to remove impurities.
Under another mode the neutral Sulphates of Potash and of Soda may be fused,
with sufficient Sulphuric Acid added, to produce Bi-sulphates or Acid Sulphates of
Potash and Soda for the purposes of this Invention.
In some cases it may be found advantageous to use the Soda and Potash bases in
combination or in other words a double Salt of Bi-sulphate of Potash and Soda
which may be obtained in any of the modes herein before described or otherwise.
Dated this first day of January 1884.
.

page_text: I, ANDREW MCDONALD of 3 Valeview Terrace Langside, in the County of
Renfrew, Manufacturer do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"AN IMPROVED BAKING POWDER and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particulary described and ascertained in and by the following
statement—
"
This Invention relates to an improved baking powder for use in making bread,
cakes, biscuits, pastry puddings, and the like and has for its object to provide a
cheaper powder than heretofore for these purposes.
Hitherto in the manufacture of baking powders, cream of Tartar, or Tartaric
Acid has been usually employed.
These substances form a salt difficult to dissolve and which I consider to be
injurious to the system.
Instead of Cream of Tartar or Tartaric Acid I use the Acid or Bi-sulphate of
Potash or of Soda the acid or Bi-sulphate of Potash by preference, as I find these
acids or Bi-sulphates, besides being much cheaper are equally if not more effective
and are much more easily dissolved than the salts of Cream of Tartar or of
Tartaric Acid.
The Acids of Bi-sulphates of Potash and of Soda are for the purposes of my said
Invention preferably used in the anhydrous state of these salts and they are mixed
with rice flour, farina or other equivalent flours and Carbonate or Bi-carbonate of
Soda or of Potash, so as to constitute the improved baking powder.
Proportions which I find well adapted and satisfactory for general use are of,
Rice flour, farina, or other flour, one to two ounces.
Bi-carbonate of Soda or of Potash, one ounce.
Bi-sulphate of Potash or of Soda, one to one and one half ounces,
or when Carbonate of Soda or of Potash is used instead of the Bi-carbonate of these
substances of,
Rice flour, farina, or other flour one to two ounces.
Carbonate of Soda or of Potash about two ounces.
Bi-sulphate of Potash or of Soda one to one and one half ounces.
It is however to be understood that I do not confine myself to these proportions
as they may be modified without departing from the main or essential feature of
my said Invention which is to provide in baking powder a cheap and efficient
substitute for Cream of Tartar, or Tartaric Acid, and one equally capable of
liberating Carbonic Acid in making bread.
Speaking generally when the Carbonate of Soda or of Potash is used instead of
Bi-carbonate of these substances about double the quantity of Carbonate as
compared with Bi-carbonate is employed and in substituting the acid or Bi-sulphate
of Potash or the Acid or Bi-sulphate of Soda for Cream of Tartar about half the
quantity of these Acids or Bi-sulphates as compared with Cream of Tartar will
suffice.
In substituting the Bi-sulphate of Potash or of Soda for Tartaric Acid the
Bi-sulphate may be employed in quantities equal to the proportions, of Tartaric
Acid, hitherto used.
The Acid or Bi-sulphate of Potash for employment under this Invention may be
got in any of the usual methods, but it is preferably procured by treating pure
Nitrate of Potash with Sulphur Sulphuric Acid in manufacturing Nitric Acid or
Vitriol. The bye product thus obtained is a pure Acid Bi-sulphate of Potash
which, after being ground to a powder by any suitable means is ready for use.

page_text: Pure Nitrate of Soda may be treated in the same way, with Sulphur Sulphuric
Acid, thus producing a bye product of pure Acid Bi-sulphate of Soda, which, after
being ground to a powder is ready for use.
These bye products of Bi-sulphate of Potash and Soda, may be crystallized either
with or without the addition of Sulphuric Acid.
When crude materials are used in the manufacture of Nitric Acid or Vitriol, the
bye products (Bi-sulphate of Potash and of Soda) may be crystallized in the same
manner to remove impurities.
Under another mode the neutral Sulphates of Potash and of Soda may be fused,
with sufficient Sulphuric Acid added, to produce Bi-sulphates or Acid Sulphates of
Potash and Soda for the purposes of this Invention.
In some cases the Soda and Potash bases may be used in combination or in other
words a double Salt of Bi-sulphate of Potash and Soda may be employed in or
about the proportions given and this may be obtained in any of the modes
hereinbefore described or otherwise.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
Invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim is,
First As a baking powder the mixture consisting of the Acid or Bi-sulphate of
Potash, rice flour, farina, or equivalent flours and Carbonate or Bi-carbonate of Soda
substantially as described.
Second-As a baking powder the mixture consisting of the Acid or Bi-sulphate
of Potash, rice flour, farina, or equivalent flours and Carbonate or Bi-carbonate of
Potash substantially as described.
Third As a baking powder the mixture consisting of the Acid or Bi-sulphate of
Soda, rice flour, farina, or equivalent flours and Carbonate or Bi-carbonate of Soda
substantially as described.
Fourth-As a baking powder the mixture consisting of the Acid or Bi-sulphate
of Soda rice flour, farina, or equivalent flours and Carbonate or Bi-carbonate of
Potash substantially as described.
Fifth-As a baking powder the mixture consisting of a double salt of Bi-sulphate
of Potash and of Soda, rice flour, farina, or equivalent flours and carbonate or
Bi-carbonate of Soda.
Sixth-As a baking powder the mixture consisting of a double salt of Bi-sulphate
of Potash and of Soda, rice flour, farina, or equivalent flours and Carbonate or
Bi-carbonate of Potash.
Dated this Thintinth dox of Cantambon 1001.