IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CON- STRUCTION OF PLOUGHS
Year: 1868

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Davey, of Crofthole, in the Parish of
Sheviock, in the County of Cornwall, Agricultural Implement
Manufacturer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CON-
STRUCTION OF PLOUGHS."
Sealed the 2nd March 1869, and dated the 17th September 1868.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John. Davey at the..
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the....
17th September 1868.
I, JOHN DAVEY, of Crofthole, in the Parish of Sheviock, in the County
of Cornwall, Agricultural Implement Manufacturer, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF
PLOUGHS," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in certain improvements in the construction of
ploughs known as "turn-wrest" ploughs, whereby the same are rendered
more efficient than heretofore. In all turn-wrest ploughs.it is necessary
that the coulter shall be. allowed to move or feather from right to left,
or the reverse, at the headlands, but it has, hitherto never been kept in

page_text: proper position so as to prevent its remaining in the centre, or of being
rendered capable of being fixed tightly on the land or furrow side.
By the present Invention this object is perfectly effected. The tiller is
so shaped as to be capable of being brought to bear tightly against
the breast or mould plate, and a regulating key is placed at the back of
the coulter, such key keeping the back part of the tiller quite free until
the breasts are put in their proper position for work, and then forcing the
tiller against the same. Two screws are fitted at either end of the tiller
by which the grip of the coulter may be regulated as required.
Another part of this Invention consists in regulating and fixing the
breast of the share, which by constant work gets loose in its gear and
the breast falls too low. This objection is obviated by placing two studs
at the back part of the body or frame of the plough.
This Invention further consists in the adaptation of a self-acting
furrow wheel to turn-wrest ploughs. This wheel requires no rod to turn
it, but swings from land to furrow under the beam by its own weight
when the plough is raised a few inches at the head, the action being
effected by the attendant pressing slightly on the handles. The fixing
of the furrow wheel is placed on the stem or shaft of the small wheel
of the plough, the swing shaft being jointed thereto and regulated by
means of screws.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said John Davey in the Great Scal Patent Office on
the 17th March 1869.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOHN 2
DAVEY, of Crofthole, in the Parish of Sheviock, in the County of
Cornwall, Agricultural Implement Manufacturer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Seventeenth day of September, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-eight, in the thirty-
second year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give
and grant unto me, the said John Davey, Her special licence that
I, the said John Davey, my executors, administrators, and assigns,
or such others as I, the said John Davey, my executors, adminis-

page_text: trators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others,
from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein
expressed, should and lawfully might make, usc, exercise, and vend,
within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CON-
STRUCTION OF PLOUGHS," upon the condition (amongst others) that I,
the said John Davey, my executors or administrators, by an instru-
ment in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals,
should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said In-
vention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause
the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six'
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters.
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said John Davey, do hereby declaro
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement, reference being had to the Drawings hereunto
annexed, and to the figures and letters marked thereon, that is to
say:
"
My said Invention consists in certain improvements in the con-
struction of ploughs known as "turn-wrest" ploughs, whereby the
same are rendered more efficient than heretofore. In all "turn-wrest'
ploughs it is necessary that the coulter shall be allowed to move or
feather from right to left, or the reverse, at the headlands, but it has
been a great defect in such implements as hitherto constructed that the
coulter when thus moved or feathered could not be locked in a perfectly
rigid manner so as to prevent its remaining in the centre. By means of
my present Invention this object is completely effected and a perfect.
coulter adjustment produced, which entirely obviates the imperfections
which have hitherto attached to "turn-wrest" ploughs.
The nature of the arrangements which I employ will be more clearly
understood by reference to the annexed Drawings.
Figures 1 and 2 represent the plough in elevation with the breasts or
mould boards in reverse positions; Figure 3 is a view of the plough, as
seen from above; Figure 4 is a detached view of the coulter lever,
herein-after mentioned, with a portion of the beam and arrangements
connected therewith, Figure 5 shewing the set screws, herein-after men-
tioned; Figure 6 represents the body of the plough and the coulter lever

page_text: and share shaft; Figure 7 is a plan view of the share and share shaft;
Figure 8 is a view of the coulter lever and accompanying mechanism.;
Figure 9 is a longitudinal section of the beam and coulter boss with the
set screws, herein-after referred to; Figure 10 is a view of the share and
part of the body of the plough. The same letters of reference indicate
similar parts in the different Figures.
A is the shank or neck of the coulter, which passes down through the
beam and is supported by a pin a¹ through the coulter boss, and is
imperfectly adjusted for turning or feathering from right to left by means
of two set screws a². The coulter lever or tiller B is hung on a stud or
upright C in front of the coulter. A slot c¹ is provided to allow the
coulter to become more or less vertical, so that the blade point cor-
responds with the point of the share. The shank of the coulter bearing
against the set screw o² raises or depresses the coulter blade, as may be
required. The back end of the coulter lever 6' is brought in collison
with the breasts, and by the semi-revolution of the latter is carried from
right to left, or vice versa, and thus gives the required position of the
coulter blade to the point of the share. The handle of the lever is firmly
locked by being placed under a hook which is attached to or formed on
each of the stills. Whenever irregularities or obstacles in the ground occur
it will be necessary to give the coulter more freedom one way than the
other to counteract the difficulty, and heretofore from the want of means
of adjustment the conlter when thus liberated has not been sufficiently
locked or made rigid, whilst by the use of a jointed lever or T-piece
and a set screw or screws (shewn at D) either in the front, middle, rear
end, or any suitable part of the lever, or by a forked or slotted stud
upright, or by any other arrangement analogous to that before described
in front or at the back of the coulter and adjusted by screws, keys, or
chains the desired object is effected.
Another defect in "turn-wrest" ploughs relates to the share. In
turn-share ploughs the universal joint and other mechanism for turning
the share is subject to immense friction and corresponding wear, the
result being that the breast of the share drops below its proper posi-
tion, thus raising the point, as shewn by the line E in Figure 10 of the
annexed Drawings. Hitherto the rear end of the plough body has been
flush to permit the action of the universal joint and rear end of the
lever neck or share shaft. To remedy this evil I make the body of the
plough as shewn at F, in Figure 6, of angular shape, thus forming a

page_text: stop. The pin G passes through the end of the share shaft and universal
joint, and limits the distance of the share at each semi-revolution, the
pin being forced tightly under the angle at each side of the body, thus
rendering it absolutely impossible for the share to drop below its proper
position. A stop may also be placed at either end, or at any suitable
part of the share shaft either with a pin or screw in or attached to the
share shaft or by a stop or abutment attached to the body.
Having thus described and ascertained the nature of my said Inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I would observe
in conclusion that what I consider novel and original, and therefore claim
as constituting the Invention secured to me by the said herein-before in
part recited Letters Patent are,-
First. The combination and arrangement of parts and mechanism for
effecting the adjustment of the coulter in turn-wrest ploughs, substan-
tially as herein-before described and set forth, or any mere modifications
thereof.
And, secondly. The methods of and combination and arrangement of
mechanism for regulating the action of the share in "turn-wrest"
ploughs.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Davey, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Fifteenth day of March, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-nine.
TATTY DAY
דמדה זו.
TAVA
JOHN
(v.s.)