Year: 1898

page_text: Date of Application, 22nd July, 1898-Accepted, 17th Sept., 1898
A communication from CARLO ENRICO FERRARI, of Pieve di Cadore, in the
Kingdom of Italy, Manufacturer of Optical Instruments.
I, ALFRED JULIUS BOULT, of 111, Hatton Garden, in the County of Middlesex,
Chartered Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in
and by the following statement: -
The improved method and the device for carrying it into effect of putting
correspondence etc. into cipher and translating it back again chiefly consists of the
arrangement of two series of letters written on two rules, discs or cylinders, by the
relative movement of which the correspondence can be put into cipher or deciphered
by means of a key.
Let us suppose that the series of letters of the alphabet has been written several
times on a rule (or a single time on the circumference of a disc or cylinder divided
into as many sections as there are letters of the alphabet) and let us call this rule
disc or cylinder A. Let us write said series only once on another rule (or disc or
cylinder as before) and call it X, and arrange the two rules (or discs or cylinders)
relatively to each other so that the same letters register.
Putting into cipher. It will be possible to put one or more words into cipher in
such a manner that it will be absolutely impossible for anyone, not knowing the key,
to decipher them, by the following operations:
a. The rule or cylinder or disc X is moved in a given direction from its original
position, in conformity with the first sign or letter of the key agreed upon which will
be usually one or several ciphers but could be also a word.
b. The first letter of the word to be put into cipher is found on the rule (disc or
cylinder A), and then the letter on the rule (or disc or cylinder) X which corresponds
to that first letter owing to the movement of the rule X, is written down.
c. The rule X (or disc or cylinder) is again moved in the same direction, according
to the sign or letter of the key agreed upon.
d. The second letter of the word to be put into cipher is found on the rule A, and
the letter corresponding to it on the rule X in its new position, written down.
e. These operations are successively continued care being taken always to move the
rule X in the same direction. When the last sign of the key is reached in moving
the rule X the movement of said rule (or disc or cylinder) is continued in the same
direction recommencing with the first letter or sign of the key. By writing the
letters of the rule or disc or cylinder X which successively corresponds to the letters
of the words to be put into cipher, read off on the rule A, the word or words will be
put into cipher.
Deciphering. The word or words put into cipher in the manner described can be
deciphered in similar manner by replacing the rules or discs or cylinders A and X in
their original positions the only difference being that the rule dise or cylinder X
must be moved in the opposite direction, but always in accordance with the key. By
successively finding the letters of the cipher words on the rule A and writing down
the letters which correspond to them on the rule X the words will be deciphered.

page_text: Simple device for putting into cipher and deciphering. First part. Figures 1, 2,
3, 4, 9, and 10.
In this device there are shown two concentric rings an outer one A
and an inner one X (Figs. 1 and 4).
The two rings are divided into 30 equal sectors in each of which there are written
two signs: the first a letter of the alphabet, the second a number (from 1 to 9 and 0)
or a punctuation sign or other character or sign.
It must be noted that the number of sectors, letters, ciphers signs and characters
written on them may be varied as required. The letters and signs are written on
both rings and in the same order, so that when a letter of the ring A corresponds to
the same letter of the ring X,, all the other letters and signs also correspond.
The ring A is secured by 'bracket and stays to a disc B (Figs. 2 and 4) provided
with toothed wheels Cand a (Fig. 4) all rotatable about a centre spindle I. The disc B
is supported on 4 guide-rollers and is provided with 30 round holes f corresponding
to the 30 sectors of the ring A and with two round holes F with their centres on the
same radius of the disc.
"
The ring is connected to the toothed wheel x-rotatable about said spindle I.
On a ring placed outside the two rings A and X and forming part of the upper
cover of the machine there are arranged in two rows and in alternate order 30 keys T
(Figs. 1, 2, 3 and 4.)
On each of these keys there is written a letter of the alphabet or a punctuation
sign or a number or signs corresponding to those written in the sectors of the rings A
and X and the keys are arranged so that the letters or signs on them are in the same
order, but in the opposite direction to that in which they are arranged on the sectors
of the rings A and X. Thus if the numbers 1, 2, 3 4 etc. are read on the discs A
and X in the direction of the arrow 2 (Fig. 1) the same numbers will appear on
the keys T in the direction opposite to the arrow 2.
The two holes F in the disc B correspond to the position of the keys T (Figs.
2 and 4)..
Each key is preferably of the shape shown in Figs. 1 to 4 and consists of a
head under which is placed a helical spring for keeping it raised. A tube with a
projection (Fig. 3) and an inner spring controlled pin P (Fig. 4) provided at
its lower end with a roller.
The upper portion or cover of the machine is completed by a concave part D
(Figs. 1 and 4) which conceals from view all the signs written on the rings A
and X except those appearing under two slots S (in line with each other on the
same radius) which enable the letters and signs written on the two corresponding
sectors of A and X to become visible. These slots are arranged so that by
pressing down one of the keys and turning the disc B until the pin P of the
depressed key engages with one of the holes of the disc B (which is secured to
the ring A) that sector of the ring A appears under the slot S, on which the
same letters or signs are written as appear on the depressed key.
Under the ring, where the keys are arranged and rest on a projection in the
interior of the casing containing the machine, there is another ring H (Figs. 2,
3 and 4) provided with holes corresponding to each key and each hole having a
small slot h of the shape shown in Fig. 2. The keys engage in these holes by means
of their projections K corresponding to the slots h. The ring H is held against the
keys in the position shown in Fig. 2, by small helical springs g secured to the interior
of the small casing. By depressing a key and causing the projection K to engage
with the slot h, the ring H is turned through a small angle and by releasing the key,
the ring returns into its original position under the influence of helical springs g.
To the same ring H is secured a small wedge or cam e (Figs. 2 and 4) with its
point or thin end in the direction of the movement which the ring executes under the.
action of a depressed key. Corresponding to the cam e there is secured under that
part of the cover where the keys are arranged, a spring-pin m engaging when the
machine is at rest, with one of the holes f, in the disc B, thus securing the dise and
consequently the ring A in position (Figs. 2 and 4). In the movement made by the
ring H under the action of any depressed key, the cam e raises the spring controlled

page_text: pin m which is thus disengaged from the corresponding hole in the disc B, returning
into engagement with the disc as soon as the key is released.
The toothed wheels CC connected to the ring A (Fig. 4) form part of a clock-
work mechanism indicated diagrammatically in Fig 4, Q being the drum.
The toothed wheels a and connected with the rings A and X respectively are of
the same diameter and number of teeth and both engage with a toothed wheel V
which can move downwards on its spindle v, but which in its normal position engages,
under the influence of a helical spring, with both the wheels a and x thus rendering
the relative position of rings A and X invariable.
It will be seen from the above that the rings A and X can be divided as a whole
by means of the wheel V, and that, although the clockwork may be wound up, these
rings cannot turn as long as the disc B, which is secured to the ring A, is held by the
spring-controlled pin m engaging with one of the holes f.
Suppose that, the clock-work being wound up, one of the
following movements will take place.
keys is depressed, the
1. The pin P of the key depressed will press with its lower end, provided with a
roller, against the disc B and the pin will thus enter into the tubular part of the key
and will compress the helical spring.
2. The projection entering the slot h of the corresponding hole of the ring H,
will cause the latter to turn through a slight angle, the result being, as already
stated, that the cam e will raise the spring controlled pin m and disengage it from
the corresponding hole f of the dise B.
3. The disc B, the ring A, and through the wheel V, also the ring X will be con-
sequently operated by the clock-work acting on the toothed wheel C.
4. The disc B will rotate and bring one of its holes under the key depressed where-
upon the inner pin P of the key will, under the influence of its own spring, engage
with said hole and stop the rotation of the disc.
D
Then, as has already been described, there will appear in the slots S of the cap
that sector of the ring A which has written on it the same sign as on the key depressed,
and the sector of the ring X which corresponds to in the relative position of the two
rings A and X.
When the key is released it will return into its raised position and the ring H will
return into its original position, the spring controlled pin m thus being released,
which by entering the hole f in the disc B before the pin P of the key is completely
disengaged from the hole F, will prevent any subsequent movement of the rings A
and X.
Second part. The mechanism will now be described for changing the relative
position of the rings A and X.
The key A¹ (Figs. 1, 4 and 10) projecting on the left hand side of Figs. 1 and 4,
occupies in its normal position the place shown in the drawings and is held in said
position by a small steel band (Figs. 4 and 9). The band j is secured at one end to
the protection d of the key A¹ and passing over small rollers p it is wound on the
drum q (Figs. 4 and 9) to which its other end is secured, so that it is held in tension
by a spring placed in the drum itself.
The lower portion of the key A¹ rests on a pawl 1 (Fig. 4) engaging with a lever L,
the end of which is bifurcated and engages with a projection on the toothed wheel
spindle v.
It will be seen from the drawing that at the bottom of the key A¹ there is a
shoulder y on which rests the tail of two spring-controlled pawls W (Fig. 4).
It will be easily understood from the drawing that during the first movement of
the descent of the key A¹ the spring-pawls W move towards the rack z (Figs. 4
and 10) and have a tendency to engage with it, and that the lever L actuated by the
pawl causes the spindle to descend.
The spindle of the key A¹ enters a part M, shown in Fig. 2, and more particularly
in Fig. 4, and is guided therein in its movement.
The part M is hollow or open on the side turned towards the central portion of the
machine. There are arranged in said hollow part two racks K facing each other, and

page_text: adapted to move in a transverse direction. The two racks z with ratchet teeth form a
part of the part. M.
The part M can move vertically, and is guided by two projections entering the
columns E (Figs. 2, 4 and 10) secured to the base of the machine. On the opposite side
to that of the toothed-racks in the centre of the part M there is a stepped projection G,
of the shape shown in Fig. 4. The part M is held in its highest position by a
spring W (Figs. 4 and 10).
Between the racks K there is a pinion R (Figs. 2, 4 and 10) secured to a spindle N.
The racks K can be moved by means of arms, provided with knobs b b¹, so as to cause
either of them to engage with the pinion.
.
The parts of this special mechanism are constructed and arranged so that when
moving it to cause one or the other of the racks to engage with the pinion R, the
latter does not make any angular movement.
On the central spindle of the machine there is rotatably mounted a toothed wheel v,
cylindrical as to its upper part and having the same diameter and number of teeth as
the wheels a and k, and conical or bevelled as to its lower part, and having 30 teeth
(i.e. the number of teeth corresponding to the number of sectors into which the rings
À and X are divided).
The initial position of the wheel o is such that by lowering the wheel V, the latter
engages with the cylindrical part of the wheel o and when this lowering is completed
the wheel a (and with it the ring A) ceases to form a whole with the wheel x (and
ring X); the latter then, on the contrary, forms a whole with the wheel o.
The bevelled part of the wheel o engages with a bevel pinion secured to the
spindle N. The bevel pinion has the same number of teeth as the pinion R
between the racks K.
If now the key A¹ is depressed, the following movements will take place.
1. During the first stage (before the tooth d acts on the upper part of the organ M)
the lever L will cause the wheel V to descend, which will connect the wheel x (and the
ring X) with the wheel o, and the spring-controlled pawls W will engage with the
racks of the part M (as shown in the dotted position W Fig. 4).
2 During the next stage .e. when the tooth d is acting on the part M, the latter
will descend and cause the pinion R to turn in one or other direction (according as it
engages with one or the other of the rack-systems) through a number of teeth
corresponding to the extent to which the rack has been lowered. This lowering is
always to the extent of a whole number of teeth.
The bevelled wheel o will turn through the same number of teeth and, through the
wheel V, cause the wheel x to make a similar movement, consequently it will also
move the ring X relatively to the ring A (which will remain fixed) to the extent of
a number of sectors corresponding to the number of teeth to the extent of which the
rack K has been lowered.
When the key A¹ is released, it will be raised again by the spring ; while the
part M will be firmly held in its lowest position into which it has been brought by
the spring-controlled pawls W, which will become engaged with the racks z.
After the key A¹ in rising has released the level L and allowed the wheel V to rise
and to become disengaged from the wheel o, and to engage again with the wheel a,
the key A¹ will act by means of its shoulder y on the euds of the spring-pawls W,
which will thereupon release the racks 2, thus enabling the part M. and all the other
parts of the mechanism described, to resume their normal position.
Third part. The mechanism will be now described by means of which the succes-
sive changes of relative positions of the rings A and X are obtained, corresponding
to the cipher key in possession of the operator.
The chief part of this mechanism is a cylinder B₁ together with the stepped pro-
jection G of the part M.
The cylinder B¹ is shown in Fig. 2 and in section in Figs. 4 and
mounted on a spindle u.
and is rotatably
The top part is provided with a certain number of longitudinal slots s of equal
length and width and uniformly distributed over the surface of the cylinder.

page_text: In each of the slots there is a small slide t. Each slot is provided with 10 small
equidistant notches, and each slide with a small spring for fixing it in position in
the slot.
To the back of the cylinder B¹ is secured a wheel S¹ (Figs. 4 and 9) provided with
a number of ratchet teeth corresponding to the number of slots in the cylinder.
With this wheel engages a spring-pawl e (Fig. 9) which in the position of rest always
holds the cylinder in position, so that a slot is at the bottom, and corresponds to the
projection G of the part M already mentioned, the result being that the projection
descending with the part M, engages with the slot.
With the same ratchet wheel s¹ also engages another spring pawl pl secured to a
stem d¹ the lower portion of which is formed into a rack and engages with a toothed
wheely secured to the drum q on which is wound the steel-band j.
These parts are arranged so that during the initial stage of descent of the key A¹
(causing the drum q to rotate), the spring pawl p¹ rises and causes the ratchet wheel S¹
to turn to the extent of one tooth and the slot of the cylinder B¹ to change.
After this movement the tooth p¹ becomes disengaged from the wheel. S¹, and the
cylinder B¹ remains fixed in its new position being held by the spring e.
The projection G has, as will be easily seen from the drawing, a stepped shape,
with 10 equal steps, the height of each corresponding to the pitch of the racks K
(as well as to that of racks z) and consequently to the pitch of the pinion R and
wheel o. The width of the steps corresponds to the distance between the notches
and the slots s of the cylinder B and bearing on different positions that the slides
can take in them.
Supposing that the slides have been arranged in different slots of the cylinder
(starting from an initial position) according to the rule established by, the number
chosen as the key to the cipher.
At the first movement of the key A¹ the cylinder will turn slightly, then the
projection G of the part M, descending with the racks K, will stop the descent of the
key A', whereupon one of its steps will engage with the slide in the slot in which it
descends.
According to the position of the slide, the number of teeth, to the extent of which
the racks will be allowed to descend, will be determined for this portion of the
cylinder, this number being the same to the extent of which the pinion R and wheel o
can turn, and as a final consequence, the rule will be fixed, according to which the
relative position of the rings A and X will change during the successive stages of
the descent of the key A¹.
CONCLUSIONS.
When it is desired to turn into cipher, according to a given key, one or more
words, the operator begins by moving the slides in the slots of the cylinder B¹ in
accordance with the successive figures of the number chosen as a key.
a) By pressing the knob b he makes sure that the corresponding rack engages
with the pinion R.
6) He then operates the key A' until it stops and then releases it so that it can
rise again.
c) Then he strikes the key T which has written on it the first letter of the
word.
d) The letter of the key depressed appears in the outermost slot S and a letter
constituting the cipher for the first letter appearing in front. of the inner slot.
e) He repeats these operations for all the successive letters and thus obtains the
words in cipher.
To decipher a message, the operator moves the slides of the cylinder B' as already
stated (i.e. in accordance with the number. chosen as the key) and returns the
cylinder B¹ to its initial position.
By pushing. the knob b¹ he causes the corresponding rack to engage with the
pinion R (thus reversing the direction of movement of the pinion R and consequently
of the ring X.

page_text: Then he repeats the same operations, beginning of course with the first letter of
the word to be deciphered.
An application of the construction described to typewriting machines will now be
described with reference to Figs. 7, 8, 9 and 10. The typewriter to which the
cipher and deciphering system is applied, is one of the kind called "drum"
wheel typewriters.
or
It consists of a drum A to which are applied as many little hammers S (Figs. 5,
6, 7 and 8) as there are letters to be used, the letters being written in any order
that may be considered suitable.
At the front end of each hammer there are applied the characters (a capital letter
corresponding small letter, or a figure or sign).
In its position of rest each haminer is held at the back by a projection engaging
with an edge of the cylinder (Figs. 7 and 8) and is operated at the centre by a
lever L by a spring.
The characters are normally in contact with cylindrical rollers W (Figs. 7 and 8)
secured to the cylinder A and impregnated or coated with ink.
The keyboard must be considered as divided into two parts: the keys on the right
and those on the left hand side. The keys are all pivoted about the same
spindle B (Figs. 5, 6, 7 and 8).
Two bars or frames C (Figs. 6 and 7) each provided with two arms pivoted
on the shaft B, are arranged one under the right hand, and the other under the
left hand keys.
These two frames act by means of two projections F on the arms of two conico-
circular racks D (Figs. 5, 6, and 7) situated towards the centre of the machine and
secured to the shaft B. Between the two racks there is a pinion R (Figs. 6 and 7)
the spindle of which is adapted to have, beside a rotary movement, also an angular
movement in a vertical plane with the centre on the shaft B.
At the end of the spindle of the pinion there is another pinion r secured
to a spherical pivot, and engaging with a toothed wheel p (Fig. 7) secured
the drum itself. This
to the spindle of the drum A and thereby to
arrangement. enables the drum A to be rotated in either direction by
Another bar V also provided
operating one of the right or left hand keys.
with arms and secured by them to the shaft B, extends under all the keys.
This bar is provided with slots, or openings into each of which penetrates and is
guided therein the stem of a key. The depth of said slots varies and is determined
for each of them so that when the key is depressed until it touches the bottom, the
drum A makes such a rotary movement that a hammer s, the characters and signs
on which correspond to those on the key depressed, comes to lie in the upper part on
the drum.
The bar V is also provided with two projections of which, when the machine is at
rest, rest on the arms of the racks D (Figs. 6 and 7) so that when a key, say a right
hand key is depressed until it touches the bottom of the corresponding slot in the
bar V, and afterwards the drum A having been suitably turned by means of the right hand
rack, by continuing to act on the key, the bar V will be also depressed and, by carrying
with it the left hand rack, will prevent any subsequent rotation of the drum A. To
the arms of the bar V are secured two other arms G secured to the shaft B and
terminating in toothed arcs. Said arcs engage with two small toothed wheels H
fixed and adapted to pivot on the spindle 2 (Figs. 9, 10, 7 and 8). To the same
spindle there are also fixed two arms K situated in the centre of the machine, and
between their upper ends there is mounted a pawl lever P. It will be seen from the
drawings that by depressing (by operating a key) the bar V by means of the arms G
and the toothed wheel H, the spindle 72 and arms K, the pawl P will be first lowered
until it engages with the upper portion (suitably shaped for the purpose) of the
hammer which is at the highest point of the drum A. Then the pawl P is caused
to advance, guided by the guides L and raises the hammer which strikes the
paper wound about the roller M and impresses on it its character, as clearly shown
in Fig. 8.

page_text: By means of the keys T and T¹ (Fig. 6) with devices similar to those used in
various typewriting machines, the roller M can be moved into the positions indicated
by dotted lines in Figs. 7 and 8, so that one of the three characters on the hammer
is printed, which the operator wishes to print.
T-F
In the same way, by means of another key t and corresponding lever on which a
projection c on the bar V acts (Fig. 7), the roller or paper-carrier M is longitudinally
inoved, either for the successive printing of letters or for spacing between words.
All the different parts of the machine when necessary may be supported and reset by
suitably arranged springs.
Having thus described the mechanisin, the method of applying to the typewriter
mechanism for putting into cipher or deciphering according to this invention will
now be described.
On the left hand part of the machine there is arranged a drum X parallel to the drum A
(Figs. 5, 6 and 8) and identical with the latter. At the back of both drums there.
are mounted toothed wheels N (on the drum A) and N¹ (on the drum X) Figs. 6, 7
and 8. Under said wheels and engaging with them, is a sliding rack Y which is
movable as to the portion corresponding to the wheel N¹ (of the drum X) but is held
in engagement with it by means of a spring.
The spindle extends into the back portion of the drum X and has, in line with the
centre of the drum a driving device constituted by the arms K' and pawl P₁ sliding
between the guides F. The device is exactly the same as that described for the
type-writer.
By means of the rack Y and the spindle, the drum X and its hammers can be
caused to make all the movements that can be made by the drum A and its
hammers.
The drum X is secured to its spindle on the end of which there is mounted
by a feather and key a sleeve m (Figs. 6 and 8) provided with teeth, so that
said sleeve rotates together with the spindle of the drum but is capable of longi-
tudinal movement on it.
Finally there is mounted loosely on the same spindle a pinion pl provided with
a toothed projection or hub with its teeth turned towards those of the sleeve miso.
that when the latter is moved towards the pinion p¹ the teeth of the sleeve m engage
with those of the part pl whereby the latter becomes coupled to the spindle of the
drum X and thereby to the drum itself (Figs. 6 and 8).
With the pin pla pinion 1 engages which forms, with its spindle and another
pinion R¹ placed between the racks D¹, a device secured to the shaft B and exactly
similar to the one already described and which serves in the typewriter for imparting
to the drum rotary motion from right to left or vice versa.
A lever 62 with two arms is also secured to the shaft B and acts by means of a
finger 63 (which can be moved by the operator to one or to the other side as desired)
on one or the other of the two racks D¹ (Figs. 10 and 8).
At the back there is placed a hollow cylinder B₁ the vertical spindle of which, is
secured to a double armed lever s² the centre of rotation of which is situated on the
shaft B (Figs. 5, 6, and 8). The cylinder 81 is provided with longitudinal slots in
which slide small slide-blocks. The whole is arranged in the same manner and for
the same purposes as the device for putting into cipher and deciphering described
with reference to Figs. 1, 2, 3 and 4.
Under the cylinder 81 there is arranged a ratchet, wheel (Figs. 6 and 8) which,
together with a spring and small toothed rod (operated by the projection qof the
lever 62) forms an escapement by means of which the cylinder 81 is caused to
rotate.
To the lever b² there is also connected an arm p² acted upon by a spring, serving
to disengage the drum X from the drum A and to couple it to the ciphering
mechanism which is being described, said device consists of a spindle E¹ to which
are secured two arms engaging with two vanes on the socket m; of a horizontal
arm 2 adapted to act on a projection or extension of the rack Y; and of an arm k
on which rests the sector 8* provided towards the centre with teeth, one d of which

page_text: acts on the arm p2, and another d¹ with which engages the rack z when the arm p²
operates the sector 8*.
Supposing now that the lever 62 is being depressed, it will first operate the tooth d
by the arm p2 and thus lower the sector s* which will act on the arm k of the
spindle c¹ then the rack Y will descend and the sleeve m advance until it engages
with p¹. The drum X will remain independent of the drum A, and will form a whole
with the toothed wheel p', and will be held in this position as the rack z will
engage with the sector 8*,
At the same time during this first movement of descent the lever 62 by means of
its projection q will release the pawl of the escapement which under the influence of
its spring will engage with the next tooth of the ratchet wheel under the
cylinder B¹.
Continuing to descend the back extension of the lever b² enters into the corre-
sponding slot of the cylinder 1 and simultaneously according to the position of
the finger 63, it will cause one or the other of the racks to descend the drum X
being caused to rotate in one or the other direction to the extent determined by the
position of the slide-block in the slot of the cylinder 8¹.
The arms 82 constituting with the transverse bar n (Fig. 8) a support for the
cylinder act on the arms of the racks D¹ so that the lever 62 in continuing to
descend will move the cylinder B¹ downwards which by causing the rack D¹ also to
descend will stop and prevent any subsequent rotation of the drum X.
To the lever 62 on the projection q there is applied by means of a steel band
a small rod j¹ connected at its lower end to an end of the lever h¹ having its fulcrum
at o¹ (Fig. 5).
On the lever h¹ acts a spring-controlled rod secured to a rod E passing under all
the keys and provided with two arms secured to the shaft B (Fig. 5).
With a spindle r¹ arranged under and in close proximity to the cylinder B¹ is
connected.
a. The small toothed rod z.
b. A small arm g¹ on which act by means of a projection the arms supporting the
cylinder B¹.
c. An arm w² (Fig. 7) opposed to the small rod r¹ of the rod E¹.
It will be seen that when the drum 81 is lowered the spindle will make a
revolution, the first result of which will be to lower the small rod z and thus to
release the sector 8* and then the rod e¹ by the action of its spring will cause the
socket m to move backwards and will disengage it from p' and will move the rack Y
into engagement with the toothed wheel N¹ the drum X thus being coupled again
to the drum A. In continuing to rotate the spindle ¹ will cause the arm w² to act
on the rod E and to move it inwards and its different parts will resume their original
position under the action of suitably arranged springs the lever 63 acting during the
last stage of its ascent by means of the projection q on the escapement pawl will
operate it so that the cylinder 8¹ will turn slightly the slot which was in line with
the lever 62 being changed.
In short, assuming that the slide blocks of the cylinder B¹ have been suitably
arranged and that the cylinder has been given a suitable initial position and that
the two drums A and X in their initial position are arranged so that the letters and
signs correspond, the following movements will successively take place when a key
of the typewriter is operated. The key acts first on the bar or rod E which with its
arm. (Figs. 5 and 7) lowers the lever h¹ which in its turn lowers the lever b².
During the first period of the descent of the lever 62 (before its extension begins to
enter the corresponding slot of the cylinder 81) the socket will be coupled with the
toothed wheel p₁ by means of the sectors and levers forming a whole with the
spindle E¹ and the rack Y will be lowered. At the same time the escapement pawl
under the influence of its spring will engage with the next tooth of the ratchet
wheel arranged under the cylinder B¹.
When the lever 62 begins to enter into the corresponding slot of the cylinder B¹
it will lower one of the racks D¹ by means of the finger 63 whereby the drum X will

page_text: be caused to turn to an extent in proportion to the amount. to which the lever 62 with
its extension is free to descend in the slot of the cylinder B1. On striking the slide-
block the lever 62 will act on it and thus lower the cylinder B₁ and with it (as
already explained) the other rack D¹ so that the movement of the drum will be
stopped.
By disengaging the arm z from the tooth e¹ of the sector 8* the drum X will be
connected to the drum A of the typewriter care being taken to change the relative
position of the letters.
Finally by disengaging the arm v₁ of the lever h¹ it will rise and the mechanism.
for putting into cipher will become independent of the type-writer.
The lever 52 in rising with the projection q acting on the pawl of the escapement,
will have to change the slot of the cylinder B₁ which was in line with the extension
of the lever b².
By continuing to press on the key of the typewriter, the key will act first on one
of the rods C and then on the rod V.
The two drums will turn through a determined angle by the action of the rack Y
and then of the spindle the two driving pawls pushing forward the hammer of each
drum, which is on the top.
The hammer of the drum A will print a letter corresponding to the key operated.
The hammer of the drum X will print the letter which in accordance with the
key of the cipher represents the cipher of the letter printed by the hammer of the
drum A.
In order to put into cipher and to decipher similar rules must be observed as those
described for the simple device for putting into cipher and deciphering.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this invention
as communicated to me by my foreign correspondent and in what manner the same
is to be performed, I declare that what I claim is :-
1. A device for quickly putting words or characters into cipher and deciphering
them and its application to typewriters comprising two series of letters written on
two rules, discs or cylinders by the relative displacement of which the correspondence
can be put into cipher or deciphered by means of a key agreed upon substantially
as described.
2. The application of the described method of ciphering or deciphering consisting,
for putting words or characters into cipher in the relative displacement according
to a predetermined rule in a given direction of two rules, discs or cylinders provided
with letters figures or other characters arranged in the same order, and for
deciphering in the displacement according to the same rule, but in an opposite
direction starting from the same initial position of said rules discs or cylinders
whether the final result be obtained by simple reading or by means of
the characters of the words to be put into cipher or deciphered substantially as
described.
3. The combination and arrangement of parts constituting the complete apparatus
for transposing words or characters into cipher or for deciphering substantially as
described or illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
BOULT & WADE,
Agents for the Applicant.