Improvements in Sewing Machines.
Year: 1889

page_text: Date of Application 28th June, 1889
Complete Specification Left, 24th Mar., 1890-Accepted, 17th May, 1890
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Sewing Machines.
We, MARSHALL HENRY PEARSON, and CHARLES BENNION, both of the Union
Works, Blue Boar Lane, Leicester, in the County of Leicester, Mechanical Engineers,
do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
This invention relates to a novel arrangement of wax thread sewing machine for
making what is known as the "lock stitch," but parts thereof are applicable to
machines using a plain or unwaxed thread.
In this machine the awl or piercing tool is used as a feeder, and it is mounted on
the end of a lever capable of receiving a compound motion, the awl being arranged
below the work, while the needle is over the work. The work to be sewn is held
down by the presser foot and as the awl rises it pierces a hole and when it has reached
its highest point it is moved backwards for feeding purposes. But as soon as the
awl commences to descend the needle is timed to follow it, point to point, until the
awl is below the work when it is quickly returned to its normal position, the needle
meanwhile is continuing its descent to its lowest point and then rises to form the loop
in the usual manner through which the shuttle (arranged below the work and to
which a reciprocating motion is imparted) passes as at present.
The movements for the several parts for sewing are derived from cams mounted
upon the driving shaft of the machine to which a rotary motion may be imparted by
power, hand, or treadle.
The needle slide is mounted vertically in V guides formed in or on the main
framework of the machine and operated from one of the usual two grooves of a cam
plate through a lever pivoted to the framework; the needle being preferably
clamped to the left hand edge of the slide.
The thread lever is pivoted at one end to the framework and its free end is depressed
by a cam shaped piece fixed to the upper end of the needle slide, and it is raised after
each depression by means of a spiral spring suitably connected to the framework and
the lever. In order to make the action of the thread lever automatic, that is to say,
to rise higher when sewing thick material and to be depressed sooner than when
operating on thin material or visa versa, we pivot a second lever to the framework,
one end of which is made to engage with a slot hole formed in the presser bar, while
its opposite end is armed with a stud and die for engaging with the slotted end of a
short lever pivoted to the needle lever. The thicker the material being operated upon
the higher will the free end of the short lever be raised in order to come in contact
with the thread lever sooner for raising it higher. On the next descent of the needle
bar the cam shaped piece will consequently depress it sooner. The cam shaped piece
is arranged to come in contact with the thread lever (for all thicknesses of material
operated upon) just as the eye of the needle enters the material.
The presser foot is secured to the lower end of a round bar (carried in suitable
bearings on the framework) which may be pressed down by a flat curved spring
suitably attached to the framework. The presser foot may when required be raised
by a suitable handle, or automatically when in operation during the lateral motion of
the awl by means of a lever (pivoted on a stud which is common to it and the needle
lever) actuated by a cam, and a toggle plate in the usual manner.
A reciprocating motion is imparted to the shuttle from one of the grooves in the
cam plate through a pendulum lever and connecting rod. In order to secure better
sewing and at the same time to make the same quantity of shuttle thread shall sew a
greater quantity of material, we so thread the shuttle that there shall be a very great
tension on the thread, and arrange the same that the shuttle will draw its thread for
the stitch before it enters the loop instead of afterwards as is usually the case, so that

page_text: when the shuttle has passed through the loop the thread is not taut or on the stretch,
but is loose and there is also just sufficient loose thread that the needle thread after
drawing in or using up the slack commences to draw on its own supply for the final
motion of the stitch, by reason of the tension of the shuttle thread being heavier or
tighter than that of the needle thread. By this method there is only required an
adjustment of the tension of the needle thread, instead of both threads to secure
perfect sewing and the slackness of the shuttle thread is such that after it has passed
through the loop it is sufficient to allow of it being pulled by the needle thread well
into the under surface, but not into the centre of the thickness of the material being
sewn, that is to say, it is pulled or drawn to one uniform distance from the under
surface of material regardless of its thickness. This method of tensioning the
threads may be used on other sewing machines than those using a wax thread.
The awl is adjustably mounted on the end of a lever capable of a compound
movement, that is, the lever is pivoted on a stud formed on or attached to a rocking
or other suitable piece working in or on centres whereby a vertical motion may first
be imparted to the awl for piercing the hole, and then a slight radial motion in a
lateral direction is imparted for feeding purposes after the awl has passed through
the material and has reached its highest position. The above described radial motion
is however so slight that it permits of the stitches being formed in straight lines.
Motion is given to this lever from a cam plate in which a groove is formed for giving
the two fold motion to the end of the lever which is retained in the groove by a
spiral or other spring.
The length of the stitch to be made is regulated by a stop piece or cam of circular
form so mounted upon the arm or framework of the machine that an arm projecting
from the above described pivoted piece (on which the lever carrying the awl is
pivoted) is made to strike against it. This circular piece has formed on one of its
sides a can so shaped as to correspond in the course of a single revolution to regulate
the required distances from the shortest to the longest stitches to be formed, that is to
say, if the number of stitches are to vary say from eight to sixteen stitches per inch
the face of the cam will be suitably divided and marked with figures corresponding
with numbers of stitches, so that if say ten stitches per inch were required, the
centre screw would be losened, the index cam turned round until the ten camo
opposite to a fixed pointer attached to the arm or framework of the machine, when
reached the cam is fixed, by tightening the screw, in position. An adjusting or
correcting screw may also be provided in the short projecting arm which strikes the
cam for setting or correcting the index by.
The wax pot consists of a long copper, brass, or other suitable metal pot or
receptacle which is fixed parallel to but at the top of the back portion of the arm of
the machine. The receptacle is provided with an upper recess for the wax, a centre
one for the water, and an under recess or flue for the hot air from a gas (Bunsen)
burner or an ordinary petrolium oil lamp. The hot air together with all the products
of combustion are made to pass through or below the whole length of the receptacle
and issue therefrom and downward at a right angle just behind and below the bottom
of the needle har when at its highest point. The hot air and gases are utilized for
keeping the thread hot as it issues from the wax pot in order to prevent the wax
taken up by the thread from cooling or chilling during its passage between the thread
lever and the eye of the needle. The wax is placed in the top recess which is covered
with a lid to retain the heat, the thread passes into this recess at the end furthest
from the needle (from a bobbin mounted in any suitable position on the arm of the
machine) and as it passes into the wax without any check or tension it is free to
absorb the greatest possible quantity of melted wax, whereas in other machines it is
usual to tension the thread before it enters the wax which causes the strands of the
thread to close so that the melted wax cannot penetrate. Inside the wax pot may be
placed the tension' plates in such a manner that the thread when covered with wax is
passed between them and tensioned, and when it is leaving the receptacle it is made
to pass through an india rubber stuffing box with an adjustable end in order that any
surplus wax may be stripped off and from the point where it issues from the receptacle

page_text: until it reaches the eye of the needle it passes into and through a stream of hot air
which prevents it from cooling below a working point. The lower arm or frame-
work of the machine in which the shuttle works may also be kept heated by a
similar burner or lamp, part of which heat may be passed inside the shuttle box and
part to heat the metal.
Provision may also be made for automatically filling the water space in the wax
boiler with fresh water, and inside the waxer provision may also be made for passing
a second thread from which cops are made to supply the shuttle.
Other parts of the machine not herein described may be of ordinary construction.
Dated this Twenty-seventh day of June 1889.
MARSHALL HENRY PEARSON.
CHARLES BENNION.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Sewing Machines.
We, MARSHALL HENRY PEARSON and CHARLES BENNION, both of the Union Works,
Blue Boar Lane, Leicester, in the County of Leicester, Mechanical Engineers do
hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-
This invention relates to a novel arrangement of wax thread sewing machine for
making what is known as the "lockstitch," but parts thereof are applicable to
machines using a plain or unwaxed thread.
In this machine the awl or piercing tool is used as a feeder, and it is mounted on
the end of a lever capable of receiving a compound motion, the awl being arranged
below the work, while the needle is over the work.
The work to be sewn is held down by the presser foot and as the awl rises it pierces
a hole and when it has reached its highest point it is moved backwards for feeding
purposes.
The shuttle which has a reciprocating motion imparted to it through a pendulum
lever and connecting rod through one of the grooves in the cam plate, is also arranged
below the work and is so threaded that it will draw its thread prior to entering the
loop instead of afterwards as is usual.
The presser foot is secured to the lower end of a round bar sliding in suitable
guides in the bracket arm, and is pressed down by a curved spring also attached to the
arm of the machine. To the arm of the machine is also fixed the wax pot (and water
reservoir) through which the needle thread in passing through it, is supplied with
liquid wax as hereafter described.
The thread lever, over which the thread passes from the bobbin to the needle is
pivoted to the arm of the machine and depressed by a cam piece fixed to the upper
end of the needle bar, and returned to its normal position by means of a spiral or
other spring. The thread lever is also arranged to draw off the requisite amount
of thread from the bobbin according to the thickness of the material operated
upon.
The thread led from a bobbin on the bracket arm passes into the wax pot without
any tension so as to be capable of receiving the greatest amount of wax before it
passes between the tension plates arranged within the pot and on leaving the wax pot
passes through an indiarubber packing in a stuffing box.
In the drawings:-
Fig. 1. is a front elevation of machine with the double groove cam removed.
Figs. 2 and 3 elevations looking at opposite ends of the machine.
Fig. 4, a plan of the machine looking at the top.
Fig. 5, a transverse section of waxing arrangement on line fig. 4.
Fig. 6. and 6× views showing the shuttle in the various stages of forming the
stitch

page_text: Figs. 7, 7×, and 7ª are views showing a rotary shuttle threaded according to this
invention.
Fig. 8. a part elevation showing an arrangement of thread lever. Fig. 8ª is a part
plan of fig. 8.
Figs. 9, 10 and 11 are respectively a side elevation, end elevation, and plan with
lid removed of an arrangement of wax boiler, tension device, and strippers.
Fig. 12. elevations of double groove cam.
A, A, is the main framing of the machine, cast, preferably in one piece, and of a
> form, one limb forming the base of the machine, and the other the horizontal
bracket arm.
B is the cam shaft turning in bearings of the main framing. On the cam shaft
are keyed the double grooved cam C, the vibration lever cam D, the awl cam E, and
the band pulley F, which serves to transmit motion to the working parts of the
machine.
G is the oscillating lever pivoted to the vertical rocking fulcrum post ' and fitted
with clamps g in which the awl g' is adjustably mounted for piercing the work for the
passage through it of the needle, and for feeding forward the work."
Gis the stitch regulator or can of circular form so mounted upon the base of the
main framing that an arm G2 (projecting from the hereinafter described fulcrum
post go to which the oscillating lever G is connected) is made to strike it.
H is the needle mounted on a needle bar which slides in vertical guides fitted to
the bracket arm of the machine; and reciprocated by needle lever A².
I is the shuttle mounted in the race i formed in the base of the machine.
is the shuttle picker or driver carried in the groove on slide 2 of the race and
which "picker" receives a reciprocating motion from the double groove cam plate C,
through pendulum lever and connecting rod it.
J is the presser foot carried by a round bar j mounted in bearings in the bracket
arm, and is held down by a curved spring and raised when required by a bandle j
or automatically by lever 16, toggle plate, and vibration cam D.
K is the thread lever pivoted at k³ to the bracket arm of the machine and its free
end is depressed by a cam k¹ fixed to the upper end of the needle bar h, and it is
raised after each depression by means of a spiral or other spring ² fixed to the bracket
arm of the machine.
Lis the wax pot divided into three compartments namely, an upper one for the
wax, a central one for the water and a lower or under recess for the hot air or
other products of combustion. In and to the upper compartment I may be respectively
arranged the tension plates 18, and india-rubber stuffing box 1.
M is the plate covering the race i and forms part of the base for supporting the
work.
We will now proceed to describe the means for operating the several parts above
named taking them in the order mentioned, and afterwards we will explain the relative
positions of the moving parts in forming a stitch.
The oscillating lever G which carries the awl g¹ is pivoted at 9 out of centre to a
vertical support g (hereinafter termed the fulcrum post) and is armed at its rear 9°
with a runner g' which works in a groove ex in the cam E. The runner is fixed to a
pin g projecting from the end g of the lever, and when the end of the lever is
depressed and raised serves to impart a practically (though not strickly so) vertical
reciprocating motion to the awl.
When the awl is raised it will pass through the work, say a piece of leather and
when it has passed through it will feed forward (i.e., from the operator) the work so
as to bring the awl in a line with the needle. The feed movement of the awl is
effected by pivoting the lever G to the vertical rocking fulcrum post g³ (which is
carried in V centres 98 g mounted in the bearings gg", the lower V centre g³ being
capable of adjustment by means of a set screw g¹² mounted in the end of a lower
lug ¹³) and causing the end of pin g₁4 to be pressed by means of a spring g¹
against the face of a cam e formed in the groove of the cam E as. shown at
fig. 3.

page_text: The amount of feed, and also the length of the stitch, is regulated by means of
the regulator or stop piece G¹ mounted on a pin fixed to the main framing of the
machine so as to be capable of being rotated by hand as required. On the face
of the circular piece G₁ are marked numbers corresponding in the course of a single
revolution with the distances between the smallest or largest number of stitches
per inch to be formed; that is to say, if the number of stitches vary from say
four to 12, or eight to sixteen stitches per inch, then the numbers 4 to 12, or
8 to 16 will be marked on its face as shown. If say ten stitches per inch were
required to be sewn then the centre screw would be loosened, and the index turned
round until the ten is opposite a pointer or marker g¹ fixed to the framing of the
machine. On the back of the circular piece G' is arranged one or more cam or
cams preferably one cam is used decreasing about one sixteenth of an inch in
thickness for the largest to the smallest number of stitches per inch to be sewn ; when
the required number on the dial is reached the circular piece is fixed in position by
tightening the centre screw. Against the face of the cam or cams 9", the end of a
lever or arm G2 (which may or may not be armed with an adjusting or correcting
screw G³) projects from the fulcrum post go to which the awl lever G is pivoted. By
this means the traverse of the awl and the length of the stitches may be varied as
required.
The eyed needle H which receives its thread from the thread lever K, is preferably
clamped to the left hand edge of the needle bar which is operated by a groove c in
the cam plate C, through the lever h² fulcrummed on the bracket arm at h³ and
connected to the needle bar & by a slot and die in the ordinary manner. The
needle is timed to follow the awl point to point until the latter is below the work
when the awl is returned by the means described to its normal position, the needle
meanwhile continuing its descent to its lowest point and then rising to form the
loop in the usual manner through which the shuttle passes.
The shuttle I is preferably in D form as shown in fig. 2 for containing a bobbin or
cop of waxed thread, which is made to drop into the shuttle and is held in
position in the usual manner. The shuttle is reciprocated in the race i; motion
being imparted thereto from groove c' in cam plate (through runner i* on
pendulum lever 3 which is pivoted at to the bracket arm A, connecting rod i and
the picker or driver carried in slide 2. As the can plate Crevolves the groove
therein imparts a reciprocating motion to the shuttle. The race is closed by a
plate M in the ordinary way.
In order to secure better sewing and at the same time to make the same quantity
of shuttle thread sew a greater quantity of work, the shuttle is threaded through the
three holes, as shown at fig. 6 so as to be capable of drawing its thread from
its bobbin or cop for the stitch before it enters the loop instead of afterwards as is
usually the case.
This is accomplished by so locating the thread delivery hole 18 that it is say
about one eighth of an inch nearer the hole in the throat plate when moved to
the extreme right, than when it has been returned to the extreme left. When the
shuttle has passed through the loop formed by the needle being slightly raised the
thread is not taut or on the stretch, but is loose as shown at 1' Fig. 6, then
the shuttle will have completed its stroke towards the right, and is remaining
stationery until the stitch is pulled tight into the material. The looseness observable
in the thread is just sufficient to allow of its being pulled well into the
material.
By this method of locating the thread delivery hole ³ a supply of loose thread will
be given off the shuttle reel sufficient to enable the needle thread to draw the
slackness of the shuttle thread into the material to say about one eighth of an inch
from its lower surface. When the needle thread has done this it is then compelled
by reason of the tension of the shuttle thread being heavier or tighter than that
of the needle thread to draw upon its own supply for the completion of the stitch.
But when the shuttle has been moved or returned to the left and has just completed

page_text: its stroke as shown at 12 fig. 6 it will have drawn off sufficient thread for the next
stitch. By this method of threading the shuttle there is only required an adjustment
of the tension of the needle thread (instead of both threads as is ordinarily required)
-to secure perfect sewing.
The herein described slackness of the shuttle thread is such as only to allow of
it being drawn one uniform distance into the material for all thicknesses sewn.
That
is to say the arrangement of holes in the shuttle not only permits of its thread
being drawn to one uniform distance from the under surface of the material operated
upon, but provision is also made for the right amount of thread being drawn off the
shuttle bobbin to suit the length of stitch. Thus when the needle is making
four stitches per inch the shuttle draws off more thread than when making twelve
stitches per inch, owing to the feed taking place when the shuttle is moving to the
left and whilst the thread is quite slack.
This method of tensioning the threads may be used on other sewing machines than
those using a wax thread as well as for other forms of shuttles than those herein
described and illustrated.
At Figs. 7, 7, 7ª we have shewn a method of threading a rotary or oscillating
shuttle on the above principle. In this arrangement the three holes 1, 78 are
preferably shown in the form of a triangle and in such a manner as to cause the
shuttle to give off its own slack thread. At Fig. 7. the shuttle is shown in the
position it would be after it has passed through the loop in the needle thread, in which
position it has just sufficient loose thread to allow of its thread being pulled into the
material and in this case the thread issues through hole above the centre of rotation.
At Fig. 7 the shuttle is shown just after it has drawn off the quantity of thread
for the next stitch, the hole then being below the centre of rotation. Fig. 7"
represents the shuttle commencing its return motion just before the point enters
the loop of the needle thread and the hole 28 is to the right of the centre
of rotation.
The presser foot J which is secured to the end of the round bar jis held down to
its work by a curved spring j' attached to the framework at jx, and is capable of
being raised by a handle 12, or automatically when in operation during the lateral
movement of the awl by a similar arrangement of lever and toggle plate such as has
been used on sewing machines made by us prior to the date of this patent. In this
arrangement the rod j is encircled by the head of a toggle plate or lever jt. This
plate is provided with a hole j rather larger than the presser barj (that is just
large enough to permit of the toggle plate being moved upon the bar,) and its tail
rests upon the front end of a vibrator lever j fulcrummed on the bracket arm at on
the same pin or stud, but on the opposite side of the bracket arm, as that on which the
needle bar 2 is fulcrummed. The vibrator lever receives a slight rocking
motion from a cam D on the shaft B. When the front end of the vibrator lever j
commences to rise, the first portion of its motion causes the upper and lower
opposite edges of the toggle plate jª to bind upon the presser bar j and then to
afterwards lift it.
The thread lever K may be pivoted to the bracket arm A at k³ and its free end
may be depressed by a cam shaped piece fixed to the upper end of the needle
bar and may be raised after each depression by means of a spiral or other
spring connected at one end to a hook kx on the boss of lever K and at the other to
the bracket arm of the machine as shown or to any other part or parts of the machine.
The thread lever K receives the thread as it issues from the wax pot or melter L.
is a rocking lever fulcrummed to the needle lever h² at k and is connected at its
tail end by a die and slot with a lever fulcrummed at 7 to the bracket arm and
connected at its front end with the presser bar j. When the machine is sewing
thicker material the presser foot is raised higher, and motion is thereby automatically
conveyed through the lever to rocking lever thereby causing the free end
of the latter lever to be raised in order to come in contact with thread lever sooner
for raising it higher than when sewing thinner material. On the next descent of

page_text: the needle bar the cam piece k¹ will come in contact with the thread lever K sooner
and consequently draw a greater amount of thread off the bobbin.
This arrangement of automatic levers is similar to that used on sewing machines
made by us prior to the date of this patent.
The cam shaped piece is arranged to come in contact with the throad lever as
the eye of the needle is entering the material under operation regardless of its
thickness.
In some cases instead of employing the spring k and pivoting it to the bracket
arm of the machine as described the thread lever may be formed of a long steel spring
(as shown at Fig. 8) attached directly to the needle lever ² and armed with a thread
eye at its free end.
This arrangement of thread lever partakes of the motion of the needle lever,
and receives the necessary amount of upward motion from a similar arrangement of
automatic levers as previously described, and the extra amount of downward move-
ment from the cam piece k.
The wax pot L is divided into three compartments namely a wax melting compart-
ment, a water space l', and a hot air chamber .
The wax pot is fixed to the top of the machine as shown in Figs. 1 and 4.
The wax is placed in the compartment 7 provided with the hinged lid 1 to retain the
heat. In this compartment is also arranged as shown at Figs. 4 and 5, at the needle
end of the compartment the tension plates which may be formed of steel or other
suitable material. The required pressure is given to the plate 1° by means of the
spring and set screw . At the front end may also be arranged two stuffing boxes /³
and through which the needle and shuttle threads are respectively passed as they
issue from tlie wax compartment.
In the recess in each stuffing box is inserted an india-rubber packing 110 which
is compressed by a set screw provided with a hole for the passage of the thread.
Below the wax compartment is arranged the water space, which may be auto-
matically filled from reservoir 12 (also fixed to the bracket arm) through tube 71³.
The water may be kept heated by means of gas jets (Bunsen burners) or an ordinary
petroleum oil lamp placed in any convenient position say in the chimney 14 or in the
combustion chamber 12. The hot air or other products of combustion are made to
pass through (or below) the whole length of the chamber and to issue therefrom at
the front or needle end thereof downwards at or about a right angle through flue 115
just below the needle bar when at its highest point. By this means the hot air or
gases may be utilized for keeping the thread hot as it issues from the wax pot in
order to prevent the thread from cooling during its passage between the wax pot and
the eye
of the needle. In some cases it is found to be more convenient to arrange
the interior of the wax pot as shown at Figs. 9, 10 and 11 in which a tension wheel N
is mounted within the wax boiler on a suitable pin n (which fits in a hole in a
support n') over a leather washer n².
The required tension being obtained by a
spring ns and screw n* mounted on the outside of the hinged lid n³.
Within the wax boiler are also placed the thread depressers n (armed with steel
thread pins n* n') and leather strippers n³ n°. The required tension on these strippers
being obtained from the outside springs n10 (the upper end n¹¹ of each of which is bent
and turned within the wax boiler to form a stripping device as shown) and screws n"..
This arrangement of the wax boiler may also be heated in a similar manner to that
described for Fig. 1. The threads pass into the molten wax through suitable
apertures at the rear end of the compartment without any check or tension, and are
conducted in that state through the greater part of the molten wax in order to absorb
as much wax as possible.
The thread for the shuttle is passed from the reel into the wax pot at n¹³, thence to
pin, back under pin n' to stripper n³, round pin n and out of the boiler at n' to
the shuttle wheel winder. In this instance no tension is applied until the thread
reaches the stripper n³. The needle thread is made to pass from the reel into the
་

page_text: wax boiler at n under pins n', n*, then up and over pin n" round tension wheel N
and then out of the compartment at n¹8. In this case no tension is applied to the
thread until the stripper n is reached, that is, as the thread is passing over
pin n
The reel or bobbin containing the thread may be mounted upon a post O shown at
Fig. 1. It is led from thence into the wax boiler at 16 and in order to allow the thread
to absorb as much wax as possible it passes without any check or tension through
the molten wax to the tension plates and from thence it passes through the india
rubber packing (110) in stuffing box 13 where it is stripped of any surplus wax prior
to passing to the thread lever K. The needle thread after issuing from stuffing box 13
passes round guide pulley P to the thread lever and from thence to the eye of the
needle. But when the shuttle thread is passed into the wax boiler it passes
through the molten wax to the stuffing box and from thence to the shuttle reel
winder.
When required the base of the framing in which the shuttle works may also
be kept heated by a gas burner or oil lamp and part of the heat may be arranged to
pass inside the shuttle box and part to heat the metal.
Other parts of the machine not particularly explained may be of ordinary
construction.
The construction and mode of operation of the various parts of the machine
having been explained it only remains to describe the action of certain parts in
relation to each other.
At Figs. 1. to 4 the relative position of the needle bar, presser bar and awl are
drawn as shown for convenience, but in practice the awl would be in its lowest
position and would have moved backwards when the needle bar is in the lowest
position. The shuttle would then have been moved to the left and have drawn
off from the shuttle recl sufficient thread for the next stitch. The thread lever will
then be in its lowest position, and the presser foot would be on the point of descending
again on to the material-the feed having taken place-prior to the needle being
raised and the thread drawn into the material for completing the formation of the
stitch.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said
Invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what
we claim is;—
1. In a waxed thread or other sewing machine, the use of the stitch regulating
mechanism and means substantially as described for operating the awl from below and
imparting to it a lateral motion, as and for the purposes above set forth.
2. In combination with the awl and lever G the fulcrum post, arm and stitch
regulator G¹ whereby the traverse of the awl for feeding purposes may be regulated
and set for the desired number of stitches.
3. The combination in a sewing machine of a thread lever depressed by a striking
cam piece such as k' (attached to the needle bar) and raised by a spring and automatic
levers substantially as herein described as and for the purposes set forth.
4. In a wax thread sewing machine the combination of the wax pot arranged sub-
stantially as herein set forth with the thread lever and means as described for controlling
the same, as and for the purposes set forth.
5. The combination in a waxed thread sewing machine, of a wax pot divided into
three compartments, such as 1, 1, 2 and armed with tension plates, such as 16 and
stuffing boxes such as 13, 17, with the thread lever K, spring and mechanism substan-
tially as herein described for controlling the amount of thread to be drawn from the
bobbin in accordance with the thickness of the material being sewn.
6. The method of locating the thread delivery hole in shuttles of sewing machines
substantially as herein described, in which arrangement the thread is so arranged
that the shuttle shall draw off its thread from its reel as it is returning to its

page_text: extreme point of reciprocation or oscillation prior to entering the loop, and after it has
passed through the loop there shall be sufficient loose thread to be drawn into the
material by the needle thread for the completion or tightening of the stitch.
7. The combination of the various parts forming the improvements in sewing
machines, as a whole, arranged and applied substantially as herein described and
illustrated at Figs. 1 to 8 of the accompanying drawings.
Dated the Twente corond day of March 1800
MARSHALL HENRY PEARSON.
CHARLES BENNION.
By W. Fairburn Hart,
Agent.
MARSHALL HENRY PEARSON.
CHARLES BENNION.
By W. Fairburn Hart,
Agent.