Year: 1897

page_text: I THOMAS INGHAM, of 4 York Street, Manchester, in the County of Lancaster,
Manufacturing Chemist, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
This invention relates to the process of dyeing logwood blacks and blues on cotton>
wool, silk, flax, jute, or other fibres, either in the raw state, or when spun into yarn
or when manufactured into knitted or woven fabrics, and is especially applicable to
fabrics of mixed animal and vegetable materials or fibres.
The method is or may be a continuous one, and consists of a process of dyeing
similar to the one described by the specification of Letters Patent No. 2984 dated
March 20th, 1889, and No. 19235 dated October 10th, 1894, both granted to
myself.
According to my present invention the yarn or fabric is passed through a bath of
suitable heated dyeing, or colouring material, on emerging from which is squeezed
by suitable rollers and guided (or carried in folds) to and passed through a small
vessel containing a suitable solution of a mordant, fixing or oxidising agent, which
however is not heated as usual for the purpose of more effectually oxidising or fixing
the colouring material on the fibre, but used cold.
The yarn or fabric after being impregnated sufficiently with the colouring material
is passed through this bath simply long enough to take up sufficient of the mordant
or oxidising liquor therefrom and is then squeezed through rollers and at once passed
into and through a chamber closed vessel or compartment containing steam at
a temperature of say about 212° Fahrenheit, but not under pressure, and from
whence the said yarn or fabric issues by a suitable water sealed or luted opening as
soon as the action of the steam has effected the combination between the mordant or
oxidising agent used and the colouring material.
The dyed yarn or fabric may then pass to and through a washing bath
immediately, or in the case of a fabric the latter may pass from the steaming
chamber to a plaiting down apparatus and be folded for removal to the washing
apparatus.
As the oxidising or fixing process is not completed in the vessel containing the
oxidising or fixing liquor, the said vessel may be much less in size than usual, and
less liquor will be required for the process, and it will not be required to be heated.
Thus my present process will be very economical, and the goods dyed thereby will
be better in colour than those dyed by other similar processes.
Dated this 20th Day of January 1897.

page_text: I THOMAS INGHAM, of 4 York Street, Manchester, in the County of Lancaster,
Manufacturing Chemist, do hereby declare the nature of this invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement:—
"
This invention relates to the process of dyeing logwood blacks and blues on cotton,
wool, silk, flax, jute, or other fibres, either in the raw state, or when spun into yarn,
or when manufactured into knitted or woven fabrics of mixed animal and vegetable
materials or fibres.
The method is, or may be, a continuous one, and consists of a process of dyeing
similar to the one described in the Specification of Letters Patent No. 2,984 Dated
Feby. 20th, 1889, and No. 19,235 dated October 10th, 1894, both granted to
myself.
According to my present invention the yarn or fabric is passed through a bath of
suitable heated dyeing or coloring material, on emerging from which it is squeezed
by suitable rollers and guided (or carried in folds) to and passed through a small
vessel containing a suitable solution of a mordant, efixing, or oxidising agent, which
however is not heated (as usual) for the purpose of more effectually oxidising or fixing
the coloring material on the fibre, but is used cold..
The color bath may be a solution of logwood extract, or a mixture of logwood
extract and other extracts (such as Fustic or Bark extract for instance) according to
the shade of black required.
The Mordant or fixing bath may be a solution of any (or a mixture of any) of the
salts of iron, copper, chrome, aluminium, or other metallic salts, commonly employed
as ordinary mordants for logwood blacks.

page_text: The yarn or fabric after being impregnated sufficiently with the coloring material
is passed through this bath simply long enough to take up sufficient of the mordant
or oxidising liquor therefrom, and is then squeezed through rollers and at once
passed into and through a chamber, closed vessel, or compartment containing steam
at a temperature of about 212 degrees Fahrenheit, but not under pressure, and from
whence the said yarn or fabric issues by a suitable opening (preferably water-sealed
or luted) as soon as the action of the steam has effected the combination between the
mordant or oxidising agent used, and the colouring material.
The dyed yarn or fabric may then pass to and through a washing bath immediately,
or in the case of a fabric the latter may pass from the steaming chamber to
a plaiting-down apparatus, and be folded for removal to the washing apparatus.
As the oxidising or fixing process is not completed in the vessel containing the
oxidising or fixing liquor, the vessel may be much less in size than usual, and less
liquor will be required for the process, and it will not require heating.
This present process will be very economical, and the goods dyed thereby will be
better in color than those dyed by other similar processes.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is :-
The improved dyeing process consisting in first passing the yarn or cloth
through the coloring bath in the open state, and suitably squeezing the same between
rollers; and then passing the same into the mordant or fixing solution in the cold
state, and afterwards steaming the same which effects the combination between the
coloring matter and the mordant thereby producing a permanent color substantially as
herein before set forth and described.
GEO. DAVIES & SON,
4 St, Ann's Square, Manchester, Agents for the Applicant.