Improvements in or relating to Rubber Tubing applicable for Wheel Tyres.
Year: 1893

page_text: Date of Application (in United Kingdom), 7th Mar., 1893
Complete Specification Left, 7th Mar., 1893-Accepted, 9th Sept., 1893
COMIDDIN SPLET
Improvements in or relating to Rubber Tubing applicable for
Wheel Tyres.
1, JOHN FULLERTON PALMER of Riverside in the County of Cook and State
Illinois, United States of America, do hereby declare the nature of this invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement :-
This invention relates to the manufacture of hose pipes, rubber tyres for cycles
and the like, from a fabric fully described in Specification No. 4926 of 1893 in which
no woven material is employed, but the threads are arranged substantially parallel
to one another in a sheet of indiarubber, some of the indiarubber intervening
between the threads which by this arrangement never touch each other.
Where such a fabric is to be used as a covering for hose, bicycle tyres or the like,
in place of canvas or other rubber fabric, I usually cut the fabric into narrow
strips and wind it spirally upon the tube. This largely prevents transverse
distension of the tube, but does not entirely prevent it, and permits longitudinal
distension thereof. To overcome this I wind a similar strip over the other in the
opposite direction and vulcanize all together. Thus the longitudinal distension
possible becomes much less and the transverse distension is substantially prevented.
A tube may also be made out of such a fabric by forming it out of a strip cut at
right angles to the line of threads, the meeting edges of the tube being sealed in
any convenient way. Such a fabric would have great extensibility and no transverse
distension. The tube may be made by folding the fabric longitudinally of the
fibres, and such a tube would have no extensibility, if the fibres are of linen or
similar practically non-stretching material, and would have great lateral distension.
To produce a fabric intermediate between these two extremes one ply may be placed
upon the other in whatever arrangement is necessary.
The accompanying drawing is a view of a rubber tube having an envelope made
of opposite diagonal strips one upon the other as herein described.
A is the rubber tube and around this are wound spirally in opposite directions
In this tube, when stretched to its
narrow strips of the fabric made as described.
fullest extent, transverse distension becomes practically impossible; and yet while
thus obtaining all the desirable advantages of a woven fabric saturated with rubber,
or of canvas, the threads or fibres are in contact with rubber only and not with each
other, so that the sawing action usual with with woven fabrics is impossible.

page_text: Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that I am aware
that hose pipes have been previously constructed having imbedded in them spiral
layers of parallel threads, & therefore do not claim such construction broadly;
but what I claim is :-
1. A tube wound spirally with a rubber strip having imbedded therein parallel
fibrous threads kept out of contact by the rubber substantially as described.
2. A tube having an outer surface of rubber wound spirally with threads parallel
with each other and kept out of contact by the rubber, substantially as described.
3. A tube wound spirally with two or more strips of rubber having imbedded and
vulcanized therein substantially parallel fibrous threads one strip being applied in a
different spiral from the other and the whole vulcanized together, every thread being
separated by rubber from all the others.
4. A tube having its surface covered with two or more spirally applied strips of
rubber or similar material each having imbedded therein substantially parallel
fibrous threads of substantially non-stretching character one of said strips being
arranged in a different spiral from the other, and the strips being so made that the
threads of one are prevented from contact with the threads of the other the whole
-being vulcanized.
Dated this 8th day of June 1893.
JOHN FULLERTON PALMER.
W. P. Thompson & Boult,
Agents for the Applicant.

page_text: This Print is in accordance with the Original Specification as it stands after
Amendment (under Section 18 of the Patents, &c. Act, 1883) as allowed by
the decision of the Law Officer of the 24th day of May 1898.
I, JOHN FULLERTON PALMER of Riverside in the County of Cook & State of
Illinois, United States of America, do hereby declare the nature of this invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement;-
-
My invention relates to the manufacture of that class of fabric which is used in
pneumatic tyres. The purpose of the invention is to produce with rubber a
fabric which, while having the necessary strength and flexibility shall not involve
in its structure an arrangement of fibers to permit or cause the cutting thereof
in the folding, bending or twisting of the fabric.
As rubber fabric is now produced it is made in one of two ways; that is to say
a woven fabric such as canvas is saturated with rubber and then vulcanized, or
upon an unvulcanized sheet of rubber a woven sheet of fabric is placed and then
vulcanized thereto. In any fabric where the threads cross each other in immediate
contact, the bending, folding, twisting or other manipulation, and particularly
when this occurs repeatedly and rapidly, causes one of the fibers to exert a species
of sawing action upon the other with ultimate severance thereof. Hence, in
pneumatic tyres, which are usually provided with a tubing of canvas and subjected
to repeated and continuous vibration, it is found that after a comparatively short
period the fibers are cut, necessitating the removal of the tube. This is mentioned
as a mere instance of one of the defects always occurring where a woven fabric
is applied to such usage. The principal purpose of my invention is, therefore, to
produce a fabric which shall have all necessary and obtainable strength, and
which shall be free from any danger of the sawing action described.
Primarily my fabric comprises a sheet of rubber having embedded therein,
before vulcanizing, parallel fibrous threads, or threads of any character capable of
retaining their continuity, these threads being so applied to the sheet as to be

page_text: out of contact with each other. When vulcanized, or partly vulcanized, the fabric
thus produced can be stretched very little, if at all, longitudinally, but can be
stretched very much transversely. Two plies of such fabric are then arranged one
upon the other with the threads in one separated from the threads in the other by:
the rubber part of the fabric, and so arranged that the threads of one are at right
angles to the threads of the other, this arrangement taking place preferably before
vulcanizing so as to produce a single sheet having a double set of parallel fibrous
threads, one set at right angles to the other. Instead of being at right angles the
threads may cross each other at any other angle. A single sheet of rubber of
proper thickness may have on its opposite faces embedded threads, the threads on
one face presenting an angle to those on the other and such a fabric would take
the place of one made of two plies placed together. More than two plies may be
vulcanized together. Instead of vulcanizing them together they may be secured
in any other satisfactory way, the point of the invention being the fabric made
by embedding in a sheet of rubber and vulcanizing therein two or more sets of
threads parallel to each other and out of contact with each other.
It is necessary that the threads shall be embedded in the rubber, as it is not
safe to rely upon the uniformity of their parallel relation if merely placed against
the surface of the sheet. I therefore usually feed the threads to the sheet while
the latter is being calendered, the pressure exerted being sufficient to cause the
threads to be thoroughly embedded in the soft and heated rubber. Any ordinary
method of calendering can be employed with this operation.
I am aware that fabrics have been made of various materials in conjunction
with parallel or various plies of parallel threads for the purpose of thickening
and strengthening the same and for the purpose of resisting longitudinal strains
and stretching as in driving belts and hose pipes and also in different makes of
paper and I would have it understood that I make no general claim to fabric so
constructed; but that
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim is
1. A fabric made of two or more plies of rubber each having embedded therein
parallel fibrous threads the threads in one ply presenting an angle to the threads
in the other, no two threads being in contact substantially as described and subject
to the above disclaiming note.
2. A fabric made of two or more plies of rubber cach ply having embedded
and vulcanized therein substantially non-extensible parallel fibrous threads out of
contact with each other the threads in adjacent plies presenting an angle to each
other, substantially as described and subject to the above disclaiming note.
Dated this 9th day of June 1893.
JOHN FULLERTON PALMER.
W. P. Thompson & Boult,
Agents for the Applicant.